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User talk:Ta bu shi da yu/Archive10

Mandarin?
Considering the only translation I can make is "he is not a large fish", I doubt that those tones are the same. So, uh, what does it really mean? Teria (aka 54098) 02:03, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)

"He/she is not a large fish" was my first guess too, but here are some alternatives to mix 'n match:

"He is not a big-eared monkey"? "She is not a pile of jade"? A few of the "yu"s are surnames, too. Draw your own conclusions.

(Thank you, 中文.com...)

--Alxndr 19:38, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)

3RR Violation by Irishpunktom
Hello, this is over at Yasser Arafat

Irishpunktom reverted 4x in 23 minutes as follows:

Reverted Jayjg 23:44 Dec 22 to his previous version

Reverted Mperel 23:35 Dec 22 to his previous version

Reverted Jayjg 23:27 Dec 22 to his previous version

Reverted Jayjg 23:21, Dec 22  to his previous version

Actually reverted a fifth time under his ip 195.7.55.146 12:23 Dec 22 to his previous version

--MPerel 00:28, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * How many times, and to how many people are you going to post this? Why not just talk to me? --Is Mise le Méas, Irishpunktom 01:12, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

Hello, I just want to double-check, but you mentioned on Irishpunktom's talk page that he has not violated the rule. On the face of it, it seems like he has. Can you explain? Cool Hand Luke  04:24, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * In the last two edits he added a paragraph, while reverting the rest of the information.  If you look at this diff, you will see the information he kept inserting (e.g. about seeing Zionists agitating for the Temple Mount) and removing (e.g. quote from E.U. stating "The reform of the financial management of the PA is the objective of several key conditions attached to the EU financial assistance.")  He inserted and/or deleted this information 4 times (5 if you count his IP edit). As has been made clear many times, reverts with added information are still reverts. Jayjg 04:41, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yeah, that seems to be a complex revert, and I believe it counts. However, I'm going to assume good faith: he was possibly unaware of the rule. I wish another user had told him about the rule by the time he was on his third revert. I'm going to stick with blankfaze's warning, but if this ever happens again, I'll certainly block him. Cool Hand Luke  04:48, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Table
OK I added a table to pet skunk. Any ideas for making it look better? — Nathanlarson32767 | (Talk) 03:40, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks!
Thanks mate :) My btrieve article is slowly but surely getting there... Ta bu shi da yu 04:24, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Sure, any time. Should you feel adventurous though, I think that even without sophisticated image editing tools you could probably achieve something similar by saving to BMP and then converting that BMP back to PNG, as BMP doesn't support transparancy. &0xfeff; --fvw *  04:27, 2004 Dec 23 (UTC)

Re Bodybuilding—you mean weight training, don't you?
Thank you for your kind review of my work. Will certainly aim to convert some of bullet points to encyclopaedia-style paragraphs. And I definitely need to clarify further the difference between weight training and bodybuilding! Thanks. GeorgeStepanek\talk  03:23, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Pauline epistles
Hi Ta bu shi da yu, I hope you won't abandon Authorship of the Pauline epistles and related articles. At the same time, I also hope that you can stay focused on specific problems with the articles or avenues for improving them, rather than getting side tracked with discussing particular editors instead of the articles. Maintaining these articles is admittedly hard work. Wesley 06:44, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I understand. Enjoy your break. Merry Christmas! Wesley 06:52, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Updating diff
I discovered that a diff I had used further up the page wasn't working properly. I think what happened was that at the time I gave the diff, that was the last edit to my talk page, so that entry didn't have a stable oldid. Now it does. I've updated the diff so it points to where it should. 'Just wanted to let you know. Merry Christmas! SWAdair | Talk 03:52, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Jihad article
User:BrandonYusufToropov seems interested in writing Jihad article. You should ask him. He seems good editor. Pename seems to have given up editing Jihad article. He is apparently just trolling the talk page now. That doesn't bother me anyway. I am not sure if I want to go to arbitration since I used personal attacks too :). I think Mustafa, you or someone else should take it to arbitration OneGuy 12:11, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * tbsdy, I don't want to meddle, but browsing the Jihad discussion, I cannot help thinking that you would do better not waving around your admin powers in discussions you are involved in yourself, and in no case (even obvious ones) block people you are disputing with yourself: If the case is obvious, another admin will block them just as quickly. Please don't take offense at this comment. I don't want to lecture you. I just mean to comment in a friendly spirit, and you may of course disagree with me. regards, dab (ᛏ) 16:01, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * sure, and no blame to you. I dipped my toe into some of the Israeli-Pal disputes recently, and I realize it's messy. I suppose I just wanted to get a feel of your take on the blocking business. Keep up the good work! dab (ᛏ) 09:32, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

GNAA
Uh, it's five times if you count the tag that someone else added a long time ago. Tony, did you mean it when you said you wouldn't have done this if you'd known it was on 4 times already? - Ta bu shi da yu 03:26, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Absolutely. I just opened the can of worms again.  I was in two minds about relisting it so soon after the last vote, but it looked like such obvious trivia and vanity that I thought I'd give it a go.  Had I realised it had been through more than one VfD and survived, I would have left it alone.  It's doing no harm. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 03:34, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Blocks are not expiring
I'm posting this message on every admin who has made a block in the last few days. The title says it all really: because of a bug in the new software blocks are not expiring when their time is up. Until this is fixed can you get in the habit of manually unblocking a few everytime you block one. If everyone does this we'll be able to keep on top of things until the bug is sorted out. Note also that another bug is displaying indefinite blocks as expiring at the current time and date. obviously you don't want to unblock those. If you want to reply please do so here Theresa Knott  (The snott rake) 09:43, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

My replies
Hi. Some replies to your comments are on my talkpage and on Talk:Gay Nigger Association of America. Best regards, Kosebamse 17:44, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

What I really can't understand is why you keep reinserting irrelevant trivialities such as "this guy wrote an article" into the GNAA article. That's inclusionism in a nutshell: bloat articles with just any stuff that can be seen as factual and neutral, without much judging its encyclopedic value. I just don't get it. Why does a sensible person like you do that? Ah, forget it. I have read your reply and understand your point, although I disagree that the troll script should be linked. And after all, I won't give the troll sthe satisfaction of getting overly annoyed about them. best regards, Kosebamse aka Wikipedia's chief deletion ideologist.

Winter Soldier Investigation
For details of the plagarism go here please. TDC 15:58, Dec 28, 2004 (UTC)

 * I've checked the alleged plagiarism cited by anonymous user TDC, and find none. Where he claims "word for word" copies, I instead find similarity at best -- or in some cases quotations and citations, which are supposed to be identical by their very nature.  I also see a vague reference to plagiarism from The New Soldier which is, in itself, a book comprised of 90% public domain material from the Congressional Record.  Reprinting public domain material is not plagiarism.  Nor is reprinting text specifically posted on the internet for the purpose of free dissemination.

 * The point is moot, however, since the sweeping edits to the articles caused by TDCs reverts to ancient versions have little to do with alleged plagiarism. He has tossed up a couple suspect sentences as a red herring excuse to cover his real intent to delete wholesale several pages of content, spelling and grammar corrections, formatting, etc., from several other editors.  The very same antics he was using on these articles months ago: see here -Rob

What a crock of shit, if you will pardon my language. These are not similarities but word for word cut/paste jobs from internet sources. You may also not be aware that entire articles have been blanked for issues such as this (see Tom Hayden).

In one case the plagarized material is quite explicit in its copywite protection status.

''There was also a special panel of psychiatrists, several of whom had served in Vietnam, discussing the impact of the war on American society. The first public testimony about the potential toxicity of Agent Orange was given by Dr. Bert Pfeiffer of the University of Montana. Midway through the hearings, the organizers insisted that no one make statements on behalf of the Vietnam veterans except for vets. It was presumed by reporters that this was to separate the participation of veterans from that of people like Mark Lane.''

 * None of the above paragraph is covered under the copyright of the site you mentioned, although part of it is a direct quote from Nicosia's book, and therefore covered under his copyright. He is properly quoted elsewhere in the Winter Soldier Investigation article as well.  It appears that the quote attribution has been edited out in your example, but that is easily repaired.  As for the "Midway through the hearings, the organizers insisted that no one make statements on behalf of the Vietnam veterans except for vets. It was presumed by reporters that this was to separate the participation of veterans from that of people like Mark Lane." sentences, your claim of plagiarism appears to be mistaken.  I do not see it at the site you list. -Rob

 * Did you have a second example to present?

The formatting and spelling corrections may stay, but all the content you have provided goes bye bye. I would also loke to point out that 172 has blocked this users IP adress (on of his many) for these infractions. TDC 19:05, Dec 28, 2004 (UTC)

 * I have merely made reverts. None of the afore-mentioned content is mine.  As for the user blocked by 172, you'll also note that 172 apologized, removed the block, and admitted that he wasn't critical enough of TDC in that instance.  See 172's Talk page.

I would also like to point out that this anon user is also inserting plagarized material into the Al Hubbard (VVAW) article as well.

 * If you refer to me, I have inserted nothing. I merely reverted your changes until they were explained. -Rob

From the opening paragraph in the article: ''Alfred H. Hubbard entered the Air Force in October 1952, re-enlisted twice and was honorably discharged in October 1966, when his enlistment expired. At the time of his discharge he was an instructor flight engineer on C-123 aircraft with the 7th Air Transport Squadron, McCord Air Force Base, Tacoma, Washington.''

Now from a National Review article ''Alfred H. Hubbard entered the Air Force in October 1952, re-enlisted twice and was honorably discharged in October 1966, when his enlistment expired. At the time of his discharge he was an instructor flight engineer on C-123 aircraft with the 7th Air Transport Squadron, McCord Air Force Base, Tacoma, Washington.''

 * The above paragraph is not from the National Review. It is an exerpt of a press release given by the Defense Department almost 35 years ago, and is in the public domain -- as are most press releases.  It is also part of Hubbards military record, which is also public domain. Perhaps you should brush up on your knowledge of plagiarism.  A good starting point would be learning to spell it.

 * Did you have any other examples you'd like to present?

I think that all articles this user has been involved in should be protected until he gets the idea and leaves Wiki permanently. TDC 19:12, Dec 28, 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm sure you do. -Rob
 * (Edit: Apologies to Ta_bu_shi_da_yu for cluttering up your Talk page with discussion that is more suited for the article Discussion page.)

Auto movil
Aloha. I was hoping that I wouldn't have to bother you, but you seem to be online and David Gerard is not. I notice the both of you have been blocking users for personal attacks. Would you mind taking a look at my block request for Auto movil? This user has been warned by both Jewbacca and myself. Jewbacca has opened an RFC as well. Let me know if there's anything you can do, or if you have any advice. --Viriditas | Talk 07:59, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Blocking Grunt%AD
User:Dysprosia apparently blocked him, see User_talk:Jimbo Wales

-- Curps 08:57, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I added a suggestion to help solve this problem on Jimbo's talk page. — DV 09:22, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm only a developer in my day job, not here on Wikipedia. I'll leave a suggestion with some of the developers to see if they endorse it. If not, I'll start a software poll to try and establish a consensus around the idea. — DV 09:37, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * There's a new one: %ADGrunt%AD ... as an admin, is there any way you can find out what IP he's using and block by IP? -- Curps 09:51, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * In the specific case of this user, I think he's using IP 167.202.196.72 -- Curps 09:55, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Can you simply reset the password of each such fake user? Does an admin have authority to do that?  -- Curps 10:06, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Does User:JeLuF 's method work? He mentioned it on my talk page, I asked him to post it to the Jimbo Wales talk page.  Or is this just the same as Dysprosia's unsuccessful method? -- Curps 10:11, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thank you
Thanks for your support on my RFA request. It seems that had I waited one day with self-nominating, it would have succeeded. Jordi·✆ 09:05, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Much Ado 'Bout Scripting
Argh, why are people so damned fond of slippery slope arguments around here? "Hey, if you want to remove X, you're pro-censorship, and next thing you know we'll have to remove Y and can I now put Z up for deletion?" :-) NO. I generally argue as narrowly as possible. Or at least I try. Consistency can please come afterwards. :-)

Re Wikisource: of course it's a bad idea to have that on Wikisource. But let Wikisource figure that out and/or develop policy. Why can Wikipedia link to it but Wikisource not host it? Are you trying to censor them? :-)

Let's first and foremost get rid of the great big bugaboo of offensiveness/censorship. I'd like to point out that it's one thing not to put in a picture because it might be offensive to somebody (bad), and quite another to not directly link to a script because its only purpose is disruption of websites. Really. I can't use a picture of a vulva to harm somebody in any way. Offend, yes. Offend them to the point of senseless anger, maybe. "Harm" our relationship, sure. But I can't bring down their websites with it. So NO — "offending" people is not my concern. And I'm even willing to listen to the argument of "well, sure, you could use this script to harm somebody with it, but nobody's forcing you, and reading it might even be useful to you". OK. I can go along with that. I don't like it, but I wouldn't consider my personal distaste for it binding policy, or anything.

OK, so why shouldn't it be on Wikipedia? Well, first and foremost, and I know this is a silly argument coming from an inclusionist, but lately the deletionists have tried to get me over to the Dark Side: it's not notable. In fact, it's so not notable that linking to it comes dangerously close to advertising, promotion, what have you. The "notable activities" section escapes this branding only because it can source the statements. But what's the excuse for the script? "Well look, people, this is the script they so often used to upload shock images"? What on earth is notable about that? What does it matter how they did it? If they'd done it by having a hundred people doing keyboard acrobatics, would that be a notable fact to mention, perhaps with a link to the procedure?

Second, can you fend off accusations of just being a GNAA platform by saying "hey, it's valid info"? Sure it is. Let me try the analogy game for once: a link to a site with schematics to the devices the Unabomber used in his most notable attacks would be valid info too. But if people argue that mere factual accuracy might not be enough to warrant its inclusion, I think they might have a point. Arguing against links to material whose primary purpose is to break the law is a far cry from promoting censorship based on offensiveness. Wikipedia is not Anarchopedia.

And before you say "who's law": everyone's law. I'm pretty sure disrupting web services is illegal everywhere where there actually are laws on cyber crime. And don't bring up Childlove movement either: even if pedophilia would be universally illegal, you cannot argue that the primary purpose of the organizations' websites is to break the law, unlike the script. The distinction is not as subtle as it sounds.

We have a link to the GNAA homepage. If the GNAA wants people to have the script, I say let them link to it. We are under no obligation to do it, and it doesn't improve the article just because "the information is there". (Yes, I do believe an article can become better by leaving some things out.)

PS. Yes, I can be incredibly verbose. This is usually because I need to convince myself, too. I typically sound a lot more authoritative than I am. Sorry if you're one of those people who doesn't like reading half a page just to discuss a single sentence.

PPS. That animated kitten on your user page is evil. Watch it closely. :-) JRM 23:21, 2004 Dec 29 (UTC)

image copyright
Question: You uploaded and tagged it as Public Domain. This image is the one featured on the so-called "GNAA corporate homepage." If you did not make this image yourself, then what leads you to believe that this image is public domain? By default it is copyrighted and while it may be fair use, it would not be PD. NTK 03:09, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry, you need to do better than that. Do you have documentation?  Furthermore the "GNAA" is not an incorporated group so you likely you need documentation from the person who made this logo.  NTK 06:15, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * That would be better, though I do not know why you bother. NTK 06:22, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * 1. "GNAA" is neither Hitler nor the Holocaust. They're a few petty trolls that in all probability will in all probability soon be forgotten. Perhaps the VfD effort is doomed at this point but that doesn't exactly legitimize their place in history given the kinds of things that have wikipedia articles. 2. No I would not want to censor any article. But taking your bait, neither would I try to negotiate with the Third Reich to get them to relicense their intellectual property. 3. Chill. NTK 19:18, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

GNAA
Hello TBSDY, Just to let you know, User:Chocolateboy reverted one of my edits on Gay Nigger Association of America as "SPAM" when I don't think that it is. See and. I see on ChocBoy's userpage that you have the same problem with him calling you a spammer. So that is why I wanted to let you know - just for the record. Squash 22:57, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Stop moving the damn page!
Huh? I was a bit confused by this (from WP:AN):

 * I was referring to this page being moved to Administrator's noticeboard. .. kept getting moved on us

because according to the history of that page, it was last edited on "12:21, 25 Dec 2004", and has more than one edit (meaning that a non-admin shouldn't be able to move the actual article on top of that redirect). Were they moving Administrators' noticeboard to some other title? Noel (talk) 12:58, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry, still don't get it. Administrator's noticeboard looks like it's been there for weeks. Where was Administrators' noticeboard getting moved to? Did you mean it was getting moved to Administator's noticeboard (no, can't be that, the history on that looks like it's been there a while too), or Administrators' notice board either (again, looks like it's been there a while). Sorry I'm being anal about this, I'm just puzzled... Noel (talk) 19:11, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Sollog
If that was my real email address, I'd be worried. Thankfully, I thought that might happen, so I put in one that doesn't exist. :) Ambi 00:09, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Happy New Year
Happy New Year, Ta bu. Have a good one. Slim 01:10, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, then, you're a bit slow my friend, because I already am. (Bailey's, yum). Slim 01:14, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)

RfA: Poccil
Hello, TBSDY. I've seen you around a lot, but don't think I've ever interacted with you. Good to make your acquaintance. <insert segue here> On to business, do you plan to follow through with your vote on said RfA page? The bullet at the top of an ordered list is upsetting the feng shui of the page. (Ok, honestly, it's upsetting my inner desire for order and resolution.) --—Ben Brockert (42) UE News  03:49, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)

more Sealand cleanup
If you get a chance, take a look at HavenCo - another MPLX problem article I've made an initial attempt at removing bias from. Still needs lots of work. Now my curiosity's been aroused I'm finding articles promoting his bias all over the place. --Centauri 08:58, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Hello again. I've now merged all the useful content from HavenCo into Sealand, so if you want to redirect the HavenCo article feel free to do so. Haven't figured out the whole redirect thing myself yet.--Centauri 01:23, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Temporal link
Hi TBSDY,

Knowing your fondness for Exploding whale you probably already know this, but I've just been editing and updating some links to 1970 Bhola cyclone - the worst recorded natural disaster - and noticed on the 1970 page that there is a temporal connection between the two. In fact, if I have got my time zones right, the 1970 cyclone and tidal wave must have been hitting the coast of present day Bangladesh at pretty much the same moment that the Oregon whale was being detonated.

Especially with current events, it kind of puts a damper on the Exploding whale article. -- Solipsist 19:19, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Krag-Petersson (and also Jarmann M1884 if you have time on your hands)
God dag ;) I'm happy you're willing to help out on an article on a subject you don't know much about - but then, as a layman you probaly can spot troubles I cannot see.

Now.. why do I find the Krag-Petersson so interesting... well: - It was a gun designed by Norwegians, built in Norway, for the norwegian armed forces. - The firearm action is unique, allthought it could in part be based on a Peabody action (not even a stub on this subject on Wikipedia yet, but that might have changed by the time you read this ;) ). - It was one of the first repeating (ie; capable of fireing more than one shot at a time) rifles adopted anywhere in the world. - It is virtually impossible to find a specemin in the original form today, or to even find good information on it. - It was the first rifle designed by O H J Krag, who later designed the Krag-Jørgensen, that was adopted by any armed force.

As for the Jarmann M1884... much of the same apply: - It was a gun designed by Norwegians, built in Norway, for the norwegian armed forces. - The firearm action is again unique, the nonrotating bolt (breechblock) locked by a rotating bolt is a design feature not employed (AFAIK) neither before nor after. - It was the first repeating rifle adopted by the Royal Norwegian Army, and one of the first adopted world wide. - Again, finding one in it's original form is next to impossible, and finding good info is also hard.

Again, thanks for helping out. WegianWarrior 21:34, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I like it. It's not much one can say in the lead of such a short article, I feel, without ending up with a feeling of déjà vu =) WegianWarrior 18:34, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree, it's much more complete. I don't think I'll put it on WP:FAC quite yet thought - I want to put at least stubs on the red links and get hold of a recent colour photo of the rifle in question... means I have to find time to travel to the Armed Forces Museum soon =)
 * Again, thanks. I'll be sure to let you know when I put this up for WP:FAC. WegianWarrior 04:28, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

exploding whale
Surely half a ton is 500kilogrammes?--Wonderfool 00:38, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * For the record, tbsdy replied on my talk page saying "I'm an idiot". So thats proof enough for me that, in fact, he is an idiot--Wonderfool 03:32, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC) ;)
 * Hehe :-) Ta bu shi da yu 03:42, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

On reliability
Liked your comment on Kuro5hin. You hit the nail right on the head. All the talk about lack of reliability is bogus. It's just the Sangerites wanting greater acknowledgement of their work here (something that I'm sure some of us would feel is out of place -- isn't this a communal effort where we dissolve the ego into the greater wikigo?). But anyone who cited an encyclopaedia in a paper would get their arse kicked for not reading the primary sources! I'm not a fan of the "academic standards" school of thought here. It seems to me that a big, broad encyclopaedia is much more useful. We already have Encarta. Hey, anyway, wanted to say I appreciated your comment and wish you a happy new year!Dr Zen 11:32, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Would like to add a note to the Yopu VFD discussion
You'll recall that (former) User:Tteexx, defending the Yopu article, cited a paper by "Lewinski and Manes." Despite the fact that the URL he supplied was broken, he insisted that it was a real article that had appeared in the "Fall 2004" issue of an online journal. I emailed the listed address for the editor of that journal and he has responded, confirming that the journal has yet to publish its first issue and that no such article as that described by User:TTeexx has been submitted, much less appeared.

I think this is very germane to the discussion and would like to add a suitable note to the discussion page, even though discussion has been closed and the page says it should not be edited. May I have your permission to do so? Dpbsmith (talk) 17:07, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * (Sorry for butting in here, but I tend to keep an eye out for interesting discussions. Thanks for trying to verify the claim by the way!) I don't think the VfD discussion is the correct place (nor do I think permission for adding it there is Ta bu shi da yu's to give). How about the VfD's talk page? Those aren't "closed" as such I think. If your goal is just to inform those participating in the discussion (as opposed to putting it on record for any further discussions) you could also put it on the main VfD talk page. --fvw *  17:46, 2005 Jan 3 (UTC)

 * What I want it to do is put it someplace where it's on record and easily found by anyone who runs across the VfD discussion. I actually don't see why it would terrible to add it, carefully labelled as an addendum and as being added after close of the conversation. A justification for doing this would be that I said I would add the response if I got one, and had the VfD discussion run for the full five days I would have been able to do so. A minor violation of the exact letter of process, but then so was deleting the article before the five days were up. I'm not criticizing that action, by the way. I'd really prefer to put it on the VfD discussion page, rather than put it on the Talk page for the VfD discussion, because I don't know how many people will notice that the "discussion" tab for the page isn't red, but Talk-page-for-the-VFD would do if there are really strong feelings about it. BTW I'm watching this page for the time being so if this is going to be a three-way conversation let's continue it here. Dpbsmith (talk) 21:14, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I suppose there really is no reason for appending to VfD discussions later. Perhaps the VfD footer template could be turned into some sort of comments after VfD closing beyond this mark please or something? (keeping an eye on this page too, perhaps this belongs on the VfD talk page?) --fvw *  21:19, 2005 Jan 3 (UTC)

Nomination
Thanks for your support and encouragement on requests for adminship. Happy new year. Tim Ivorson 17:37, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Autism peer review
Wow, those are some great ideas for the article. I really feel like this article will get to featured status soon. A few months ago it needed some serious work, but then the Controversies in autism article and other spinoffs siphoned away some of the more troublesome sections and made the article shorter and more manageable. Thank you very much for your valuable input. Szyslak 02:27, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Just in case
I've numbered your bare sig on Wikipedia:Proposal to expand WP:CSD/Proposal I (Amount of content I) on the assumption that it was a vote, since it was breaking the votes below it. If it was not intended as a vote, it'll need to be fixed. —Korath (Talk) 11:50, Jan 4, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your input. In response to your question, I'm not arguing that the Soviet Union wasn't totalitarian. What I am saying is that totalitarianism is an ideal-type or typology in academic literature used as a methodological tool for researchers. Some scholars reject this model, seeing it as too simplistic... My own view has been left unstated. (This is irrelevant to the talk page, but I personally do find the totalitarian model useful for many areas of inquiry. In my work of Wiki, I'm partial to the analytical categories sketched by, e.g., Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, which use the totalitarian model but draw a distinction between the totalitarianism of the Stalin years and "post-totalitarian" following his death. ) Despite my own leanings, since it is a methodology (moreover one not accepted by many respected scholars), it is inherently POV and nothing around which to base an NPOV article. Instead, we can clearly lay out Soviet realities in a concrete and factual way (calling the Soviet Union, e.g., a single party regime), as opposed to an abstract and theoretical way. 172 14:36, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Main Page article
Hey, Ta bu shi da yu, don't even try to rollback or edit Restoration comedy, you'd be zapping legit edits that don't show up in History. Sheesh, I hope it's not on the latest vandalism when my mom reads it. See irc.--Bishonen | Talk 02:46, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Database replication is broken, or slowed, or whatever. It's not Restoration comedy specifically, it's all wikipedia editing. Some edits show up in watchlists only, some in histories only, some on the page and in the history but not in the diffs... it seems random. Oh, and I saw several bona fide edits to Rc in the History before, that I don't see now. So, in other words, it's kind of dangerouos to edit and more dangerous to revert. Sheesh. At this moment though, if I click through from the Main page, I see a good version of the article. I'm not at work myself, as it's 4:30 AM here...yawn... gnight, thanks for watching the article, but I guess there's not a lot to be done right now. I hope all the vandals are tired out after the vandalstorm that hit yesterday's Featured article (as fully expected).--Bishonen | Talk 03:32, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually you can usually get to the most recent edit with a few page reloads, make sure you append ?action=purge though, to prevent cached query results being used in generating the page. --fvw *  03:43, 2005 Jan 6 (UTC)

Image:Universalonline.com.au B2B EXTRANET AGREEMENT.rtf
Could you please put the appropriate copyright tag on Image:Universalonline.com.au B2B EXTRANET AGREEMENT.rtf so that it doesn't have to be deleted? Thanks. Kbh3rd 04:19, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, Wikisource occured to me, too. Thanks for your quick response! - Kbh3rd 04:38, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

LGA maps
Hey Ta bu, sorry I've been way too busy of late to go on any more cartographic binges. Here's the base map as a .gif. I don't have a host for the .psd version but you should be able to colour and size this one in paint or any similar program.

Enjoy.

Randwicked 14:21, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Uploaded as Image:SydLGAs.png. - Ta bu shi da yu 23:20, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, that's cool. GFDL or PD is fine. - Randwicked 23:50, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

CheeseDreams
Ta bu, I know you feel strongly about CheeseDreams and that she upset you over the article that you worked hard to fix.

But I want to appeal to you to change your comment on the proposed decision talk page and to join me in asking for CheeseDreams to be given a second chance.

This is why: I think by the time you were dealing with CD, she had been embittered by the process. I don't think she, and her admittedly bold edits, were given a very kind reception by the editors who, well what can I call it, guard the christianity articles. She didn't react well but we all make mistakes.

Can't she be given a chance to redeem yourself? I'm proposing a strict parole -- no personal attacks and no unexplained edits with a limit of one revert (of any kind -- so that it includes "edits" that reinsert her POV) a day. I'm also asking that those who opposed her are cautioned to modify their behaviour.

I'm asking you because I know you are a good guy and I hope that you share my belief in redemption. Please put your personal hurt -- and any feeling that CD is working to hurt the Christian articles, which I appreciate is a worry of yours -- to one side and show CD some wikilove. If she is given rope and then hangs herself, I will join you in asking for the suspended punishment to be reinstated.Dr Zen 01:22, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

There a couple of things to take into account. First, it is unacceptable that you feel unable to edit the article. If CD is given another chance, I will impress on her the unacceptability of that. I hope she will listen. I would hope that the strict paroles, which she must agree to, will hold her to a more conciliatory line. However, it's no good demanding she change her ways if she's not given the chance.

Second, CheeseDreams' POV that Christianity is wrong is one that is out there. There is plenty of opinion that Christian doctrine that are disputed. I don't feel that CD is doing anything wrong in inserting that dispute into articles. For a nonbeliever it is interesting. We should not be editing from the POV that Christianity is correct and its doctrines inviolable, whatever our POV. Of course, the opposite is entirely true -- we cannot edit from the POV that it is wrong and all its doctrines false either! I'd be happy to put this to CD too. I feel she has not shown a commitment to balance. However, it is often the case that an editor with a minority view will feel -- and usually rightly -- that the articles they come to are pre-biased.

You do need to ask yourself whether a view that "her edits to Christian articles have been made with the POV that Christianity is wrong, misleading and that Christian doctrine cannot be trusted. This is a great disservice to scholarly opinion and to believers alike" is entirely neutral (we know she isn't -- that's not in question). Accepting that it's difficult for you to be able to evaluate her work fairly (because you feel it is doing a disservice to you as a believer) would help you to get perspective.

I agree without any reservation that she should do the same as regards your material and I agree that she has not. I would be willing to put that across to her fiercely and to make clear that even those who are friendly to her won't stand for unadorned POV pushing. I don't have a problem with editors who have biases, as such, but I sure do with anyone who insists that articles only or mainly represent one POV. Part of the difficulty for me in sympathising with the editors, some good, some bad, who oppose CheeseDreams, is that they have been fighting in part to maintain biased articles against balance. (They have also been fighting for the notions that changes must be sourced; for civility and good editing practice, etc.)

Sorry I've taken up so much of your time, but it's very important to me that CD is given the chance to reform, rather than be cast out.Dr Zen 02:42, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

CheeseDreams/Cheese Dreams latest
Hi, I noticed you had a question about CheeseDreams new "templates", so please see the latest at Requests for arbitration/CheeseDreams/Evidence and the Vote for Deletion at: Templates for deletion. Thank you. IZAK 10:42, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * It is not a violation of the injunction for CD to create templates. She is only banned from inserting that template into Christianity articles.  You shouldn't have deleted them while a vote was happening.  Doing so caused an even bigger mess than waiting a few more days.  -- Netoholic @ 17:31, 2005 Jan 7 (UTC)

Controversial Counter Vote for Cheese dream's templates
Controversial COUNTER-VOTE Please note that someone has commenced a Vote for Undeletion of Cheese dreams latest templates at Votes for undeletion. Is that valid/legal? Please vote there is well. Thank you. IZAK 11:25, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Come on, you don't see me complaining about exploding whale, do you? Actually, I like it a lot. Everyking 12:15, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * But you did spin it off from whale. Everyking 17:47, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * That's missing the point. It's an article about something specific that could hypothetically be squeezed into a more general article. Everyking 00:33, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Just a question really
Please explain why you have blocked me. I edited Zero Christianity articles. I edited articles relating to Judaism. I also edited talk pages. And templates. None of these things are Christian articles. CheeseDreams 00:45, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I think CheeseDreams deserves an apology for the improper deletion of the templates Template:BPOV and Template:BPOVbecause. Both were created some hours before the injunction came into effect, and were not candidates for speedy deletion. - Vague | Rant 05:33, Jan 8, 2005 (UTC)

 * You humility is much appreciated. - Vague | Rant 06:13, Jan 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * I would agree, good show. -- Netoholic @ 06:49, 2005 Jan 9 (UTC)

 * It was "articles which relate to Christianity", not "subjects relating" :-) Evidently the wording was a bit ambiguous - I'm putting together a sharper and clearer wording if possible - David Gerard 23:42, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

X Window System
Please see the bottom of Talk:X Window System - I've done a bit of ASCII art to show what I was thinking of (a simple diagram of what "client-server" means), and I'm really not hot with Inkscape ... if you can do a version of that (presumably a PNG, though the SVG would be good too!) it would be lovely for the article!

I think a really detailed version (with all the software layers and so on) would be good too, for the technical section. But if you can put a basic version together I could take it from there.

(I shall continue to practice ...) - David Gerard 03:24, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Well...
See, that's where the big disconnect is. Bunch of people: "It's not the size per se, but that there's so much superfluous detail that it's inaccesible." Reponse: "OK. I'll move it to another page and expand it." Bunch of people: "*boggle*" Lather, rinse, repeat. . . iMeowbot~Mw 02:41, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Political views of Lyndon LaRouche
Ta bu, if you're around, would you consider protecting the above? Two LaRouche editors are busy deleting/reverting properly referenced quotes that were inserted by a journalist who has become a Wikipedia editor. It's been going on for two days with no sign of abating. I would like page protection to force them to discuss deletions on Talk. Any version you protect would be fine. I've also put up a request at Requests for protection. If you're not around, no worries. SlimVirgin 17:36, Jan 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Update: Silsor did it. SlimVirgin 18:24, Jan 9, 2005 (UTC)

country infoboxes
Hi, there's a new Solution E that's been proposed for the country infoboxes; I've changed my vote from the Solution D that I proposed, earlier. The new option, proposed by User:Zocky, transcludes a subpage instead of using the template mechanism for this.

See: Nepal's infobox is implemented at Nepal/infobox using Template:Infobox_Country; Tuvalu's is implemented at Tuvalu/infobox as a wiki table.

Discussion is at: Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Countries

voting: Country_infobox_vote

Thanks. — Davenbelle 02:35, Jan 14, 2005 (UTC)

Thank you. I expect him to bring it back, though. 172 04:57, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

IRC
I was looking to answer a question about whether to contact a user through means other than via talk pages (re: User:Cheung1303), but I managed to find User:Mark and User:Sannse, both of whom advised against it. --JuntungWu 15:53, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Removing items from Peer review
Hi, Ta bu shi, I noticed you just removed Aquarium from WP:PR (because it became Featured, I assume), and I've seen that you are also a valiant reviewer at PR. It would be interesting to get your take on the discussion at Wikipedia talk:Peer review right now, about removing items more briskly (for instance FAC's?I don't think anybody's likely to comment on an article at PR when they can do it at WP:FAC), to try to get the PR list shorter and livelier. Best, Bishonen | Talk 03:59, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

San Jose, California
Hi. There's been a lot of work done on the FAC San Jose, California the past few days, and its seven days is about up. If you have a chance, could you take a peek and see if your objections have been addressed? Thanks. Niteowlneils 20:07, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Anonymous proxies
Heya, you took an interest in the open proxy discussion on WP:AN, could you perhaps give your opinion on Wikipedia talk:Bots? Thanks. --fvw *  23:37, 2005 Jan 23 (UTC)

Fancruft?
Given the continued existence of articles such as Terran unit and building statistics, do you suppose TradeWars 2002 and its associated articles are safe from accusations of fancruft? I figure, there are a lot of articles, such as Super Star Destroyer, that could theoretically be more info than the average person needs, but what's the harm of keeping it? With cult classics, people like a lot of detail. Anyway, someone did accuse my Justin Bailey article of being fancruft, although I merged it into Metroid so everything's cool now. However, it just made me wonder how one decides to post or not to post, given the subjective nature of these standards. It's kinda like the discussion of What wikipedia is not, which people thought pet skunk fell into, although later it ended up becoming featured. — Nathanlarson32767 (Talk) 09:11, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I don't particularly like that word. However, I put that Terran article on VfD, because, to be honest, it's just not notable enough. Personally, I don't mind lots of information in the articles themselves, I do object splitting off articles that just contain trivia and non-notable stuff. - Ta bu shi da yu 21:35, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, the f-word (f*ncr*ft) is rapidly becoming unacceptable in polite society. Hmm, that Terran info is probably important to StarCraft die-hards (of which there seem to be a lot), although to be useful I would think the information would need to be condensed down to a unified grid, for easy comparison of stats. That's what I'm thinking of doing with the TradeWars ship types, and in fact this has been done on several web sites with good results. Some ships, like the Imperial StarShip, have so many nuances that they need paragraphs of text to do the subject justice, but the Terran stuff seems to be mostly a list of numerical attributes.   — Nathanlarson32767  (Talk) 22:12, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Kylie Minogue
Hi, I've been making changes to the Kylie Minogue article since you put it on peer review on 1 Jan, and I think the article is more in line with other featured articles. I was wondering if you could have a look at it and comment on the peer review page. I'd like to see it get up to FA standard, but at the moment it's now buried near the bottom of the peer review list and looks like it's been forgotten. I thought if you commented back against the review you requested, it might encourage other people to discuss it, and maybe work on it some more. I'd be interested in your opinion anyhow. thanks. Rossrs 05:45, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * thanks for the encouraging words. Personally, I'm happy with the article now.  I think it compares favourably against a lot of the well regarded articles. Now if anyone says there is no discussion of "the music" ... I give up. It could only mean they are voting without actually looking at the thing.  Thanks also for the suggestions about Anne Frank - I've rewritten that entire section.  It's now a bit long, but I think "Criticism and authentication" is too important to condense and it's now stronger than it was before. Would appreciate any comments.  Rossrs 09:47, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Apple in the Chapel?
I might have stumbled upon something for you...take a look. If it's valid, I have a few more sources I can sniff down. This one is old-2003. Checking out a "web farming" source. Best regards, --allie 03:43, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * The original info is on Wiki Ref Desk. It's the second question on the page. Here are a few more links to track down more info. I made a mistake, I think, in creating my page because I forgot to put "user:" in front of it, so I don't know if anyone else can access it. But it's called Allie:Wikipedia Reference Desk Links *sigh* It's turning out to be a great resource page, too... Anyway, here are some links, haven't checked them yet to see if they're all updated & functioning. These are top-notch professional journalism links. Haven't reached the "j's" so can't confirm that they're working -They're from http://www.twurled-world.com Warning: It's pretty scary in there! Here you go:

I can devote some time to this tomorrow (NYC EST) if you can't, so let me know. They're good resources for my ref. site. Give me more info though, It was hard to figure out that this was BRISBANE area...any add'l info will help. Fair trade - you fix the user page - I'll do the grunt work? Best regards - --allie 04:45, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * http://www.newsbank.com/
 * http://www.totalnews.com/
 * http://lass.calumet.purdue.edu/cca/gmm/
 * http://www.journalismnet.com/

title: User talk:Ta bu shi da yu/Archive10


text:
Moses Fleetwood Walker

Moses Fleetwood Walker (October 7, 1856 – May 11, 1924), sometimes nicknamed Fleet Walker, was an American professional baseball catcher who, historically, was credited with being the first black man to play in Major League Baseball (MLB). A native of Mount Pleasant, Ohio, and a star athlete at Oberlin College as well as the University of Michigan, Walker played for semi-professional and minor league baseball clubs before joining the Toledo Blue Stockings of the American Association (AA) for the 1884 season.

Though research by the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) indicates William Edward White was the first African-American baseball player in the major leagues, Walker, unlike White (who passed as a white man and self-identified as such), was the first to be open about his black heritage, and to face the racial bigotry so prevalent in the late 19th century United States. His brother, Weldy, became the second black athlete to do likewise later in the same year, also for the Toledo ball club. Walker played just one season, 42 games total, for Toledo before injuries entailed his release.

Walker played in the minor leagues until 1889, and was the last African-American to participate on the major league level before Jackie Robinson broke baseball's color line in 1947. After his baseball career, he became a successful businessman and inventor. As an advocate of black nationalism, Walker also jointly edited a newspaper, The Equator, with his brother. He published a book, Our Home Colony (1908), to explore ideas about emigrating back to Africa. He died in 1924 at the age of 67.

Early life
Moses Fleetwood Walker was born in 1856 in Mount Pleasant, a working-class town in Eastern Ohio that had served as a sanctuary for runaway slaves since 1815. Its population included a large Quaker community and a unique collective of former Virginian slaves. Walker's parents, Moses W. Walker and Caroline O'Harra, were both biracial. According to Walker's biographer David W. Zang, his father came to Ohio from Pennsylvania, likely a beneficiary of Quaker patronage, and married O'Harra, who was a native of the state, on June 11, 1843.

When Walker was three years old, the family moved 20 miles northeast to Steubenville where Walker senior became one of the first black physicians in Ohio, and later a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church. There, Walker's fifth or sixth sibling, his younger brother Weldy, was born the same year. Walker and Weldy attended Steubenville High School in the early 1870s, just as the community passed legislation for racial integration.

As an adult, Walker enrolled at Oberlin College in 1878, where he majored in philosophy and the arts. At Oberlin, Walker proved himself to be an excellent student, especially in mechanics and rhetoric, but by his sophomore year, he was rarely attending classes. How Walker first came to play baseball is uncertain: according to Zang, the game was popular among Steubenville children, and while in Oberlin's preparatory program Walker became the prep team's catcher and leadoff hitter. Oberlin men played baseball as early as 1865 — including a "jet black" first baseman whose presence meant Walker was not the college's first black baseball player—with organized clubs that engaged in intense matchups. Walker gained stardom and was mentioned in the school newspaper, The Oberlin Review, for his ball-handling and ability to hit long home runs.

In 1881, Oberlin lifted their ban on off-campus competition. Walker, joined by Weldy who enrolled in the class of 1885, played on the baseball club's first inter-collegiate team.

By Oberlin pitcher Harlan Burket's account, Walker's performance in the season finale persuaded the University of Michigan to recruit him to their own program. Transfer regulations at the time were generally informal and recruiting players from opposing teams was not unusual. Accompanying Walker was his pregnant girlfriend, Arbella Taylor, whom he married a year later. Michigan's baseball club had been weakest behind the plate; the team had gone as far as to hire semi-professional catchers to fill the void. With Walker, the team performed well, finishing with a 10–3 record in 1882. He mostly hit second in the lineup and is credited with a .308 batting average (BA). During his time at Michigan, Walker was paid by the White Sewing Machine Company of Cleveland to play for their semi-professional ball club in August 1881. Walker's presence was controversial when the team arrived for a game in Louisville, Kentucky, the first place to have a major issue with his race. As the team arrived in the early morning of the game, Walker was turned away from the Saint Cloud Hotel. More issues arose during game time: members of the Louisville Eclipse protested Walker's participation; Cleveland relented and held him out of the lineup. After one inning, his substitute claimed his hands were too badly bruised to continue, and Walker hesitantly walked on to the field for warm-ups. Louisville again protested and refused to resume play until Cleveland's third baseman volunteered to go behind the plate.

Baseball career
In mid-1883, Walker left his studies at Michigan and was signed to his first professional baseball contract by William Voltz, manager of the Toledo Blue Stockings, a Northwestern League team. As a former sportswriter for the Cleveland Plain Dealer, Voltz watched Walker play for Oberlin; his signing reunited Walker with his former battery-mate Burket.

Although Walker hit in decent numbers, recording a .251 batting average, he became revered for his play behind the plate and his durability during an era where catchers wore little to no protective equipment and injuries were frequent. The Blue Stockings' ball boy recalled Walker "occasionally wore ordinary lambskin gloves with the fingers slit and slightly padded in the palm; more often he caught barehanded". Nonetheless, he played in 60 of Toledo's 84 games during their championship season. At the core of the team's success, one sportswriter at Sporting Life pointed out, were Walker and pitcher Hank O'Day, which he considered "one of the most remarkable batteries in the country."

Walker's entrance into professional baseball caused immediate friction in the league. Before he had the opportunity to appear in a game, the executive committee of the Northwestern League debated a motion proposed by the representative of the Peoria, Illinois club that would prohibit all colored ballplayers from entering the league. After intense arguments, the motion was dropped, allowing Walker to play. On August 10, 1883, in an exhibition against the Chicago White Stockings, Chicago's manager Cap Anson refused to play if Walker was in the lineup. In response, Charlie Morton, who replaced Voltz as Toledo's manager at mid-season, challenged Anson's ultimatum by not only warning him of the risk of forfeiting gate receipts, but also by starting Walker at right field. Anson is alleged to have said "We'll play this here game, but won’t play never no more with the nigger in". The White Stockings won in extra innings, 7–6.

The Blue Stockings' successful season in the Northwestern League prompted the team to transfer as a unit to the American Association, a major league organization, in 1884.

Walker's first appearance as a major league ballplayer was an away game against the Louisville Eclipse on May 1, 1884; he went hitless in three at-bats and committed four errors in a 5–1 loss. Throughout the 1884 season, Walker regularly caught for ace pitcher Tony Mullane. Mullane, who described the rookie ballplayer as "the best catcher I ever worked with," purposefully threw pitches that were not signaled just to cross up the catcher. Walker's year was plagued with injuries, limiting him to just 42 games in a 104-game season. For the season, he had a .263 BA, which was top three on his team, but Toledo finished eighth in the pennant race. The rest of the team was also hampered by numerous injuries: circumstances led to Walker's brother, Weldy, joining the Blue Stockings for six games in the outfield.

Throughout the 1884 season, Walker continued to deal with issues simply because of his race. One notable example came in September of 1884, when the Blue Stockings were preparing to face the Richmond Virginians. Richmond did not want to face Walker, so they penned a letter to the Blue Stockings manager, stating, “We hope you will listen to our words of warning, so there will be no trouble, and if you do not, there certainly will be.” Walker wound up not playing in the series anyway, due to a broken hand. At that time, it was revealed that the letter was fake, and was a racist prank signed by fake players.

Toledo's team, under financial pressure at season's end, worked to relieve themselves of their expensive contracts. Not yet fully recovered from a rib injury sustained in July, Walker was released by the Blue Stockings on September 22, 1884.

During the offseason, Walker took a position as a mail clerk, but returned to baseball in 1885, playing in the Western League for 18 games. For the second half of 1885, he joined the baseball club in Waterbury for 10 games. When the season ended, Walker reunited with Weldy in Cleveland to assume the proprietorship of the LeGrande House, an opera theater and hotel. According to Zang, Walker could afford the business venture after commanding a $2,000 contract as a major leaguer. Though he could no longer negotiate such a salary, his skills were still highly attractive to teams: Walker returned to Waterbury in 1886 when the team joined the more competitive Eastern League.

Despite a lackluster season for Waterbury, Walker was offered a position with the defending champion Newark Little Giants, an International League team. Together, with pitcher George Stovey, Walker formed half of the first African-American battery in organized baseball. Billed as the "Spanish battery" by fans, Stovey recorded 35 wins in the season, while Walker posted career highs in games played, fielding percentage, and BA. Walker followed Newark's manager Charlie Hackett to the Syracuse Stars in 1888. Although he slumped at the plate during his two years playing for the Stars, he was popular among Syracuse fans, so much so that Walker was their unofficial spokesman and established business ties in the city. On August 23, 1889, Walker was released from the team; he was the last African-American to play in the International League until Jackie Robinson.

Later life
Walker stayed in Syracuse after the Stars released him, returning to a position in the postal service. Around this time, a former Syracuse University professor, Dr. Joel Gibert Justin, had been experimenting with firing artillery shells with gunpowder rather than compressed air, culminating in his failed invention of the "Justin Gun". Fascinated, Walker designed and patented an outer casing in 1891 that remedied Justin's failure. The first of his four patented inventions, Walker invested in the design with hopes it would be in great demand, but the shell never garnered enough interest.

On April 9, 1891, Walker was involved in an altercation outside a saloon with a group of four white men exchanging racial insults. Members of the group, including bricklayer Patrick "Curly" Murray, approached Walker and reportedly threw a stone at his head, dazing him. Walker responded by fatally stabbing Murray with a pocket knife. A compliant Walker surrendered to police, claiming self-defense, but was charged with second-degree murder (lowered from first-degree murder). On June 3, 1891, Walker was found not guilty by an all-white jury, much to the delight of spectators in the courthouse. He returned to Steubenville to, again, work for the postal service, handling letters for the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad.

On June 12, 1895, Walker's wife Arabella died of cancer at 32 years old; he remarried three years later to Ednah Mason, another former Oberlin student. The same year, Walker was found guilty of mail robbery and was sentenced to one year in prison which he served in Miami County and Jefferson County Jail. After his release during the turn of the century, Walker jointly owned the Union Hotel in Steubenville with Weldy and managed the Opera House, a movie theater in nearby Cadiz. As host to opera, live drama, vaudeville, and minstrel shows at the Opera House, Walker became a respected businessman and patented inventions that improved film reels when nickelodeons were popularized. In 1902, the brothers explored ideas of black nationalism as editors for The Equator, although no copies exist today as evidence. Walker expanded upon his works about race theory in The Equator by publishing the book Our Home Colony (1908). Regarded as "the most learned book a professional athlete ever wrote," Our Home Colony shared Walker's thesis on the victimization of the black race and a proposal for African-Americans to emigrate back to Africa.

Ednah died on May 26, 1920. Widowed again, Walker sold the Opera House and managed the Temple Theater in Cleveland with Weldy. On May 11, 1924, Walker died of lobar pneumonia at 67 years of age. His body was buried at Union Cemetery-Beatty Park next to his first wife.

Legacy
Although Jackie Robinson is very commonly miscredited with being the first African-American to play major league baseball, Walker held the honor among baseball aficionados for decades. In 2007, researcher Pete Morris discovered that another ball player, the formerly enslaved William Edward White, actually played a single game for the Providence Grays around five years before Walker debuted for the Blue Stockings. Despite these findings, baseball historians still credit Walker with being the first in the major leagues to play openly as a black man. On the subject of White, John R. Husman wrote: "He played baseball and lived his life as a white man. If White, who was also of white blood, said he was white and he was not challenged, he was white in his time and circumstances." Like Robinson, however, Walker endured trials with racism in the major leagues and was thus the first black man to do so.

Walker was inducted into the Oberlin College Hall of Fame in 1990. In 2021, indie-folk artist Cousin Wolf released a song entitled "Moses Fleetwood Walker" as part of an album called Nine Innings.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Moses Fleetwood Walker


text: User talk:69.227.135.109

title: User talk:69.227.135.109


text: User talk:70.24.239.157

title: User talk:70.24.239.157


text:
User:Nbafan186

My name is Casey Bowman and I go to school at Da Vinci High School in Davis California. I enjoy doing musicals and singing, I am currently doing Les Miserables in Sacramento. Playing video games is my favorite way to waste time. I play games such as War Craft and DDR. I also like to read occasionally and watch and play basketball. My favorite team is the Sacramento Kings. I have been to Africa, England, and France.

title: User:Nbafan186


text:
Demolition derby

Demolition derby is a type of motorsport, usually presented at county fairs and national events. While rules vary from event to event, the typical demolition derby event consists of five or more drivers competing by deliberately ramming their vehicles into one another. The last driver whose vehicle is still operational is awarded the victory. Demolition derbies originated in the United States and quickly spread to other Western nations. For example, Australia's first demolition derby took place in January 1963. In the UK and parts of Europe, demolition derbies (sometimes called "destruction derbies") are often held at the end of a full day of banger racing.

In demolition derbies, serious injuries such as whiplash are rare but they do happen. Drivers are typically required to sign a waiver to release the promoter of an event from liability. At almost all derbies, attempts are made to make the event safer, all glass is removed from the vehicles, and deliberately ramming a driver's-side door area is forbidden. The driver's door is often required to be painted white with black numbers or blaze orange, or with contrasting colors, for visibility. Most demolition derbies are held on dirt tracks, or in open fields, that are usually soaked with water. This causes the competition area to become muddy, which helps to slow the vehicles. The part of the vehicle used to ram opponents varies; some drivers use both the front and rear of the vehicle to ram the other competitors, while others tend to use only the rear end of the vehicle to protect the engine compartment from damage.

History

Demolition derbies were first held at various fairs, race tracks, and speedways by independent promoters in the 1950s. There are unconfirmed reports of events occurring as far back as the 1930s utilizing the abundant supply of worn-out Ford Model Ts. The originator of the concept for auto demolition derbies is disputed. One source says that Don Basile is often credited with inventing the demolition derby at the now demolished Carrell Speedway, near Gardena, CA, in 1947. Another source states stock car racer Larry Mendelsohn created the concept for demolition derbies at New York State's Islip Speedway in 1958 after realizing many people favored wrecks to racing.

The sport's popularity grew throughout the 1960s, becoming a standard at county fairs and becoming a subculture nationwide. The popularity of demolition derbies also spread overseas. In 1963 a reported crowd of 20,000 packed into the Rowley Park Speedway in Adelaide to see Australia's first demolition derby. Due to the size of the crowd (about twice the venue capacity), the police closed the speedway's gates. The derby itself had over 75 entries and lasted for over 100 minutes. Demolition derbies in Australia generally take place at speedways (usually on the opening or closing night of the season), with most cars being older model Australian-made sedans and wagons.

ABC's Wide World of Sports televised the World Championship Demolition Derby from the mid-1960s until 1992. In 1972, the Los Angeles Coliseum hosted a demolition derby with mint-condition late model cars driven by Mario Andretti, A. J. Foyt, and Bobby Unser. The popular ABC sitcom Happy Days included the character Pinky Tuscadero, a female professional demolition derby driver and occasional love interest to the show's most popular character, Arthur Fonzarelli. Folk-pop singer Jim Croce wrote and sung about the sport in one of his popular songs, "Rapid Roy (The Stock Car Boy)" on his 1972 album, You Don't Mess Around with Jim.

The sport's popularity peaked in the 1970s. By the 1980s, the sport's popularity began to wane. With the demise of Wide World of Sports, television exposure became scarce. In addition to safety concerns and the shortage of full-size vehicles, some felt that the sport has shown little change or innovation beyond its original premise.

In 1997, The Nashville Network (later part of CBS) returned demolition derby to national television in its TNN's Motor Madness series of various motor-sport events. Motor Madness derbies were primarily for broadcast and needed to fit into a time frame. Live demolition derbies could last indefinitely. Motor Madness changed the rules from last car running to largest number of offensive hits in a time frame. However, as part of MTV Networks' takeover of CBS Cable operations in 2000, demolition derbies, as well as the rest of the CBS motor-sports operations, were removed from programming as part of MTV's move to shut down the CBS Charlotte operation based at Lowe's Motor Speedway and generalize the network into a more broadly viewed channel. Pay per view was demolition derby's only national television outlet in the 2000s (decade). Two $50,000-to-win derbies were held in Widewater, Canada, from 2000-2001.

Later in the 2000s (decade), a proliferation of cable television shows about vehicle customizing occasionally showcased junked vehicles in bizarre competitions. Spike TV's Carpocalypse was a reality documentary series on variations of demolition derby filmed in Orlando, FLA. The Speed Channel also has aired team demolition derbies in 2005. Cable TV's exposure has led to renewed interest in the demolition derby.

In 2006, the partners of Mike Weatherford Promotions (Mike Weatherford and Dustin Swayne) started DerbyMadness.com while promoting the NAPA Auto Parts Crash for Cash Series. The first annual final show paid out $5,000.00 to the winner of the series. Before competing in the final show, derby drivers across several states had to qualify at any one of the participating NAPA Crash for Cash qualifying derbies. There were over 100 cars in the final show. The series was a success and continues to grow every year. The 2007 series money was doubled, so competition was expected to increase for the 2008 series.

In 2021, Dustin Woods founded Triple D Entertainment and the King of Ohio event (Lima, Ohio) aimed at progressing the sport in the mainstream motorsports world. The focus of the event is to challenge drivers to beat each other through "the format" rather than try to outlast their competition. Cory Roman (Pa) won the inaugural King of Ohio event and $10,000. In 2022 the King of Ohio became the largest individual 1st place prize in the country with a $25,000 pay day collected by Trace Braun of Celina, Ohio. 2023 brought yet another record-setting payday of $26,5000, which JT Hiltibran of Urbana, Ohio collected. 2024 does not look to disappoint as there is a possibility for $50,000 to go to the winner. The event will be held on June 14, 15 and 16 in Lima, Ohio at the Allen County Fairgrounds.

In 2024, the first professional demolition derby organization was founded by a collective group of demolition derby drivers, promoters and parts vendors. This organization is called Demolition Entertainment Motorsports Organization (D.E.M.O.). The first sanctioned D.E.M.O. event is scheduled to be held at Bristol Motor Speedway (Bristol, TN) in October 2024. This event will feature a "team" format event lasting 4 days and paying out a total purse of over $400,000.

Vehicles
Competitors have traditionally used full-size, American-made sedans and station wagons, especially those from the 1960s and 1970s, which are larger, heavier, and had more robust frames than later full-size vehicles. The 1964–1966 Imperial achieved near-legendary status for its crashworthiness, and it is still banned from most derby events. Scrap vehicles are purchased from junkyards and private owners, usually for less than US$500, though some select (and rust-free) mid-1970s sedans and station wagons may go for more than $1,000. Vehicles are often patched up and re-used for several events.

With the dwindling availability of these older vehicles, smaller full-sized vehicles of the late 1980s and 1990s are more frequently encountered today. A separate class of demolition derby for compact cars is increasing in popularity. Compact car events have the advantage of an abundant supply of usable vehicles, which also tend to be more mobile and thus, more entertaining to fans. Being largely front-wheel drive vehicles, their back ends can sustain considerable amounts of damage before the vehicle is immobilized. However, this increased speed, coupled with the fact that compact cars tend to be less crashworthy, makes injuries more frequent.

Other versions of the sport using combine harvesters and riding lawn mowers have been practiced in various parts of the world. Larger vehicles, such as pickup trucks and SUVs, were rarely used in demolition derby (though school bus demolitions have long been a popular exception) but have recently become popular in demolition events. Recently a new class for minivans has been added to some derbies because of the abundance of older vehicles. Motorhome demolition derbies are another variation.

The vehicles are stripped of interior fixtures, trim, plastic, lights, and glass. They are repainted, often in loud, garish designs and on low budgets (spray paint is frequently used to mark names, slogans and identification). Additional modifications include trimming sheet metal from around the wheel wells, removing parts of bumpers, welding the doors shut, and relocating the battery and gas tank. The radiator is sometimes relocated to the back seat. To make the cars last longer, they are occasionally pre-bent, with frames notched, rear bumpers removed, trunk lids notched, and rear coil springs are (when rules allow) replaced with leaf springs. In many instances, roll bars, fire extinguishers, and other safety equipment is installed. Sometimes the removed parts create bulk availability of off-color parts for older cars that are compatible with them. In most cases, any vehicle parts must be "stock", though in some derbies a "gladiator" or "outlaw" division allows cars to be extensively modified and reinforced.

Popularity
In 2001, the Los Angeles Times estimated that between 150,000 and 225,000 drivers participated in at least one of the 2,000 demolition derbies held in the United States that year. Event purses rose from a pittance of a few hundred dollars to over $50,000 after the popularity of TNN's Motor Madness series.

In 2017 one of the most popular Demolition Derby series is the Tour of Destruction which features School Bus Racing, Trailer Racing, Car Soccer and a large Demolition Derby. These events are viewed by up to 5000 spectators.

Rules
Derbies have many different sets of rules, often pertaining to how much welding can be done to the vehicle, and the class of car (example: compacts, trucks, minivans, full size; some rules are 1980 and newer, etc.). Drivers are often required to be at least 16 years old and hold a valid driver's license. They are required to have seat belt and a helmet, and, depending on sets of rules, roll over bars and cages inside the vehicle. An event usually begins with drivers lined up on the track facing rear to rear, or circling on an oval track. Drivers are usually required to crash into another vehicle every 2 minutes or they are labeled as "sandbagging" and become disqualified. Hitting a driver intentionally in the driver's door and sometimes rolling another car intentionally, are also grounds for disqualification.

When a car is disabled or loses power, the driver is allowed time to restart their engine, usually 30 seconds to a minute, and must be able to move. If the car cannot start and move, the driver is forced to concede and is eliminated from the heat. Most events require a slat of wood with a flag attached to be  placed in the front column of the driver door, a judge breaks this to disqualify a driver, or a driver can break it in order to resign. The first and second place finishers of a heat move on to the next heat, in competitions with multiple heats.

Depending on the sanctioning body, it may be illegal for multiple cars to collaborate and gang up on opposing cars in a sandwich effort, and could result in disqualification for both parties that do so; although the enforcement of this rule varies widely. The time it takes for one of these events varies, depending on if the derby being run has multiple heats and feature, or just a single heat, as well as the types of vehicles being demolished (compact car derbies tend to be finished much more quickly than school bus derbies, for example). Normal heats can last anywhere from 10–30 minutes, while an entire event can take place over the span of a few days.

The last running car that makes contact with another driver wins the event. In addition to a winner, most derbies also award a "Best in Show" or "Mad Dog" award to the participant who puts on the most exciting or spectacular performance without winning the derby; this is usually decided by voice vote of the audience. (This is especially true in multiple-heat contests, where the addition of best-in-show provides more contestants for the feature event.)

Rollover competitions
Also included at some demolition derbies in the US and UK are rollover competitions, where the object is to drive a car so that only the wheels on one side hit a ramp, causing the vehicle to roll over repeatedly. Drivers take multiple runs at the ramp until their vehicle dies. The driver who completes the most rollovers before their vehicle ceases to function is declared the winner. Compact cars, especially hatchbacks, are used in rollover competitions. Their lighter weight enables them to roll more easily than larger vehicles. However, with modern high-horsepower unibody sedans and coupes now appearing on salvage lots, some of this conventional wisdom is being questioned and some major competitions have been won by drivers of small size, mid-size and full-size sedans.

Video games
Demolition derby is a popular theme portrayed in video games. While some games aim to be a realistic simulation of real-life derbies, others such as vehicular combat games include gameplay features that would be impossible in real life. Notable demolition derby video games include:

 * Auxiliary Power's Demolition Derby and Figure 8 Race
 * BeamNG.drive
 * Carmageddon, Carmageddon II, Carmageddon: Reincarnation
 * Cars 3: Driven to Win
 * Crash 'n' Burn (2004 video game)
 * The Crew 2, The Crew Motorfest
 * Demolition Derby (Bally/Midway 1984 Arcade Game)
 * Demolition Derby 4 (Racing Adventure Game Factory)
 * Demolition Racer, Demolition Racer: No Exit
 * Destruction AllStars
 * Destruction Derby, 64, 2, Raw and Arenas
 * Dirt: Showdown
 * FlatOut, 2, Ultimate Carnage
 * Grid Autosport
 * Mayhem
 * Race Driver: Grid
 * Racing Destruction Set
 * Rogue Trip: Vacation 2012
 * SpongeBob's Boating Bash
 * Test Drive: Eve of Destruction / Driven to Destruction
 * Twisted Metal (series)
 * Wreckfest

 * Demolition Derby 2, Demolition Derby 3 (Beer Money Games)

title: Demolition derby


text:
Talk:WNGC-FM

Text: The callsign, when announced, is 106.1 WNGC, Toccoa/Athens/Gainesville.  This text has been added by a User with a checkered history. Can anyone confirm it? --Wetman 03:47, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:WNGC-FM


text:
Fred Eaglesmith

Frederick John Elgersma (born July 9, 1957), known by the stage name Fred Eaglesmith, is a Canadian alternative country singer-songwriter. He is known for writing songs about vehicles, rural life, down-and-out characters, lost love and quirky rural folk. His songwriting uses techniques of short story writing, including unreliable narrators, surprise endings, and plot twists. In 2016, Eaglesmith toured extensively with his band.

Early life
Eaglesmith, one of nine children, was raised by a farming family near Guelph in rural Southern Ontario. He began playing the guitar at age 12.

Career
As a teenager Eaglesmith hopped a freight train to Western Canada and began writing songs and performing.

Eaglesmith founded a band known as the Smokin' Losers. He later formed a group called as both the Flying Squirrels and the Flathead Noodlers, switching the name to represent different styles of music. The Flathead Noodlers play bluegrass, while the Flying Squirrels play more folk and rock. His first self-titled album was released in 1980.

Eaglesmith appeared in a 2001 television movie, The Gift.

A typical Fred Eaglesmith show includes his music set between several lengthy between-song comic monologues by Eaglesmith. Topics in the past have included stories about crossing the U.S.–Canada border, Newfoundlanders, and some friends from an Indian reserve. His fans are known as "Fredheads", a nod to deadheads, who followed the Grateful Dead. He is known to tour extensively throughout Canada and the U.S.

When Eaglesmith appears in solo performances, he bills himself as Fred J. Eaglesmith. In addition to his own albums, he frequently collaborated with the late Willie P. Bennett, a former member of Eaglesmith's band, who stepped down after a heart attack in early 2007. Eaglesmith publishes his own records.

In 2010, Eaglesmith was featured on the Late Show with David Letterman as the musical guest. He performed "Careless" from the album Cha Cha Cha.

Starting 2012, performances were billed as the Fred Eaglesmith Travelling Steam Show and include opening songs performed by Bill Poss, The Ginn Sisters, and Tif Ginn.

Fred co-wrote Tif's self-titled 2012 album with her, and the pair married in 2014. The backing band was disbanded in 2016 and they have been touring together as a duo since.

Eaglesmith's songs have been included in the musical play, Dear Johnny Deere. The play was performed at the Charlottetown Festival in 2013. Tif co-produced and mixed Fred's 2017 album, Standard.

Band members
Eaglesmith’s backing musicians often use band names which have included: The Flying Squirrels, The Smoking Losers (who also performed in a bluegrass formation known as The Flathead Noodlers), and The Fred Eaglesmith Travelling Steam Show. He retired the band in 2016 and toured as a duo with Tif Ginn until March 2020. Since the pandemic the pair have performed select, curated concerts with their new rhythm section The Tribute Band. In 2023, Fred and Tif co-wrote and self-produced a holiday record entitled ‘A Christmas Card’ with Costa Chatzis on drums and percussion, Andy Dmytryshyn on electric bass and guitars, Tim Elgersma on keyboards, and more.

Current members

 * Fred J. Eaglesmith – guitars, vocals
 * Tiffani Ginn – vocals, accordion, guitar, melodica, mandolin, ukulele, stand up bass, percussion
 * Costa Chatzis — drums, percussion, vocals
 * Andy Dmytryshyn — electric bass, guitars, vocals

Former members

 * David Essig – mandolin, guitar
 * Scott Merritt – guitar, multiple instruments
 * Willie P. Bennett – mandolin, harmonica, vocals
 * Washboard Hank – washboard, dobro
 * Ralph Schipper – bass, vocals
 * Justine Fischer – bass
 * Darcy Yates – bass, vocals
 * Luke Stackhouse – bass, vocals
 * Skip Wamsteeker – drums
 * Jude Waldman – drums
 * Kevin Komatsu – drums
 * Kori Heppner – drums
 * John P. Allen – fiddle
 * Craig Bignell – banjo, vocals, percussion
 * Roger Marin, Jr. – pedal steel, guitar, vocals
 * Dan Walsh – dobro, guitar, vocals
 * Matty Simpson – guitar, banjo, vocals
 * Mike Zinger – mandolin, banjo
 * Brit Ginn – vocals, flute
 * Tim Elgersma - keyboards
 * Chris Altmann - pedal steel, banjo
 * Liam Brown - electric bass

Albums

 * Fred J. Eaglesmith (1980) as Fred J. Eaglesmith
 * The Boy That Just Went Wrong (1983) as Fred J. Eaglesmith
 * Indiana Road (1987) as Fred J. Eaglesmith
 * There Ain't No Easy Road (1992) as Fred J. Eaglesmith & The Flying Squirrels
 * Things Is Changin '  (1993) as Fred J. Eaglesmith & The Flying Squirrels
 * From The Paradise Motel (1994) as Fred J. Eaglesmith & The Flying Squirrels
 * Drive-In Movie (1996)
 * Lipstick, Lies and Gasoline (1997)
 * 50 Odd Dollars (1999)
 * Live: Ralph's Last Show (2001) as Fred Eaglesmith & The Flying Squirrels
 * Falling Stars and Broken Hearts (2002)
 * The Official Bootleg Series Volume 1: Live Solo 2002 (2002) as Fred J. Eaglesmith
 * Balin (2003) as Fred Eaglesmith & The Flathead Noodlers
 * The Official Bootleg Series Volume 2: The Fred Eaglesmith Texas Weekend 2004 (2004) as Fred J. Eaglesmith
 * Dusty (2004)
 * Milly's Cafe (2006)
 * Tinderbox (2008)
 * Cha Cha Cha (2010)
 * 6 Volts (2011)
 * Tambourine (2013)
 * Standard (2017)
 * Alive (2020, with Tif Ginn)
 * A Christmas Card  (2023)

Singles

 * Take It All Away / Caroline (1987) as Fred J. Eaglesmith; from Indiana Road
 * Wooden Wheels in Hagersville (1990) as Fred J. Eaglesmith & The Flying Squirrels; single-only release
 * Watertown (2017) from Standard

Other appearances

 * Lucille (live), Live at the Iron Horse Vol. 1 (1997)
 * White Trash (live in studio), WNCW 88.7 – Crowd Around The Mic Volume 2 (1998)
 * Seven Shells (live in studio), Gzowski in Compilation (1999)
 * Little Buffalo (live in studio), KNON 89.3 FM: Texas Renegade Radio Vol.2 – Live In The Studio (2000)
 * Hallelujah, Go Tell It On The Mountain, CMT Christmas (2001)
 * Freight Train (live), Fish Out Of Water 3: Out Of The Fire - Into The Air (2003)
 * I Like Trains (live), Dawson City Music Festival 50.30 – A CBC Compilation (2008)
 * Arthur Dale's Statement, Miners' Angel - A Tribute To Mother Jones (2015)

Filmography

 * There Ain't No Easy Road (2005) Documentary DVD
 * Pickin' In The Pines: Live At The 2005 Great Northern Picnic (2006) Concert DVD, as Fred Eaglesmith And The Flying Squirrels
 * Live Below Sea Level (2007) Concert DVD recorded live with band in 2006
 * The Small Beers Tour (2009) Concert DVD recorded live solo in 2005
 * The Fred Eaglesmith Traveling Steam Show (2015) DVD including both concert and documentary footage

title: Fred Eaglesmith


text:
Fixed-point space

In mathematics, a Hausdorff space X is called a fixed-point space if it obeys a fixed-point theorem, according to which every continuous function $$f:X\rightarrow X$$ has a fixed point, a point $$x$$ for which $$f(x)=x$$.

For example, the closed unit interval is a fixed point space, as can be proved from the intermediate value theorem. The real line is not a fixed-point space, because the continuous function that adds one to its argument does not have a fixed point. Generalizing the unit interval, by the Brouwer fixed-point theorem, every compact bounded convex set in a Euclidean space is a fixed-point space.

The definition of a fixed-point space can also be extended from continuous functions of topological spaces to other classes of maps on other types of space.

title: Fixed-point space


text:
Johannes Cotto

Johannes Cotto (John Cotton, Johannes Afflighemensis; fl. c. 1100) was a music theorist, possibly of English origin, most likely working in southern Germany or Switzerland. He wrote one of the most influential treatises on music of the Middle Ages, De musica, first printed by Gerbert in 1784. The treatise included unusually precise directions for composing chant and organum.

Life
Next to nothing is known about his life; indeed his identity has been a matter of controversy among scholars. Formerly it was thought he was from Lorraine or Flanders, based on a dedication he made in his treatise, but other more recent evidence suggests that he may have been a John Cotton from England who worked under an abbot named Fulgentius at or near St. Gallen (in modern Switzerland). Some of the more compelling evidence includes his knowledge of chant peculiarities of that region, notational idiosyncrasies found only in southern Germany, and his use of the old Greek modal names such as Phrygian and Mixolydian, something which was mainly done in Germany.

Works and influence
His De musica was one of the most widely copied and distributed music treatises of the medieval period, with some copies appearing even after 1400. Most likely it was written around 1100, and its comments, examples, and suggestions correspond closely with the music of the contemporary St. Martial school and Codex Calixtinus, as well as the material in the treatise Ad organum faciendum (also known as the "Milan Treatise") from about the same time.

De musica consists of twenty-seven chapters, and covers a wide range of musical topics. Unlike many medieval treatises, it largely avoids metaphysical speculations, instead functioning as a practical guide for a working musician. Much of the source material is from Guido of Arezzo, Boethius, Odo of Cluny, Isidore of Seville, and Hermannus Contractus.

After chapters on 'litterae' (letter notation), monochord, nine 'consonant' intervals (unison, semitone, whole tone, ditone, semiditone, diatessaron, diapente, semitone-plus-diapente, whole-tone-plus-diapente), the Perfect System (systema teleion) of Greeks, musical modes (including a chapter on their ethos), and the composition of chant, the treatise includes one chapter most of interest to contemporary scholars: a detailed description of how to compose organum. Most of his examples are note-against-note, and demonstrate how to end on a fifth or an octave by good voice-leading; he emphasizes the importance of contrary motion, a practice which differed from the parallel organum of the preceding centuries (though it probably reflected a current practice; in the absence of many surviving 11th-century manuscripts it is difficult to date when the switch from mostly parallel to mostly contrary motion occurred).

One short passage in De musica which has attracted much attention is his description of organum sung with several notes in the organal voice versus one note in the underlying chant, one of the earliest examples of polyphony escaping from the straitjacket of single note against single note.

Johannes may have been a composer, though no music attributed to him has survived. His directions for composing melody, with their careful and practical instructions involving pacing, position of high and low notes, and use of recognizable figurations at different pitch levels seem to imply that he may have had some experience himself.

Manuscripts
There are two manuscripts at Vienna, and one each at Leipzig, Paris, Rome, and Antwerp. A sixth, from which Gerbert printed his edition, was destroyed in the fire at St. Blaise Abbey in 1768. The Vatican copy is said by Fétis to contain much of the best text. The exact date of the treatise is unknown. The Vienna and St. Blaise copies entitle it merely "Joannis Musica", while the Paris and Antwerp copies have the name of Cotton or Cottonius. The anonymous monk of Melk Abbey who copied the work, says that there was a learned English musician known as Joannes, and the English origin of the work is rendered more probable by the author's dedicating it "Domino et patri suo venerabili Anglorum antistiti Fulgentio," though the latter, like Cotton, cannot be identified. One theory attributes the work to Pope John XXII, but this rests on the very slight foundation that the author styles himself "Joannes servus servorum Dei."

Gerbert has pointed out that this title was not solely used by popes, and it seems unlikely that a pope would address a bishop with deference. The work is also clearly of earlier date, for it speaks of neums being in ordinary use at the time of writing. Another theory ascribes it to a certain "Joannes Scolasticus", a monk of St. Matthias' Abbey at Trier, all that is known of whom is that he was living about 1047, and that he wrote much music, but there seems to be no reason why the work should not have been written by the unknown Englishman, John Cotton. From internal evidence its date appears to be the latter part of the 11th or beginning of the 12th century. The work throws much light on the system of harmony of the period.

title: Johannes Cotto


text:
List of presidents of Germany

A number of presidential offices have existed in Germany since the collapse of the German Empire in 1918.

The Weimar Constitution of August 1919 created the office of President of the Reich (Reichspräsident). Upon the death of Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934, the office was left vacant, with Adolf Hitler becoming head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler (retroactively approved by a referendum). In April–May 1945, Karl Dönitz briefly became President upon the suicide of Hitler (in accordance with Hitler's last will and testament).

The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of May 1949 created the office of Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland). Since German reunification in 1990, the President has been the head of state for all of Germany.

The East German constitution of October 1949 created the office of President of the German Democratic Republic (Präsident der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik). Upon the death of Wilhelm Pieck in 1960, the office of president was replaced by a collective head of state, the Staatsrat ("State Council"). After the Staatsrat was abolished on 5 April 1990, the president of the Volkskammer ("People's Chamber") served as head of state until East Germany joined the Federal Republic on 3 October 1990

Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
† denotes people who died in office.

Nazi Germany (1933–1945)
† denotes people who died in office.

German Democratic Republic (East Germany) (1949–1990)
† denotes people who died in office.

! colspan=7| President of the Republic Präsident der Republik
 * -align="center"

! colspan=7| Chairman of the State Council Vorsitzender des Staatsrats
 * -align="center"

! colspan=7| President of the People's Chamber Präsident der Volkskammer
 * -align="center"

Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)
† denotes people who died in office.

title: List of presidents of Germany


text:
Talk:Camembert, Orne

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title: Talk:Camembert, Orne


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title: Talk:Camembert/to do


text: User talk:205.188.117.7

title: User talk:205.188.117.7


text:
Damn the Machine

Damn the Machine was an American progressive metal band founded by ex-Megadeth guitarist Chris Poland and David Judson Clemmons, and is considered to be a vital pioneer in the genre of progressive rock and metal.

Known for their debut self-titled album, including lyrically relevant subjects and a unique blend of musical styles. Since their creation in 1991, and disbanding in 1994, the band has remained dormant. In recent news, the band released Day One in October 2021, which consists of the 12 original tracks as demo versions, before they were eventually re-recorded by producer Brian Malouf for their debut album. Day One is a look inside the band, before their signing to major label A&M Records in 1993.

History
After leaving Megadeth in 1987, guitarist Chris Poland recorded a solo album, Return to Metalopolis, in 1990. Three years later, he resurfaced with the group Damn the Machine (DTM), which included his brother Mark on drums, David Judson Clemmons on vocals/guitar, and David Randi on bass. While the group were indeed heavy, their sound was slightly more progressive than Poland's previous band and solo work, perhaps more comparable to the likes of Queensrÿche or Fates Warning, though with a jazzier twist and more politically charged lyrics.

The band signed a deal with A&M Records in 1993, and their self-titled debut album was released the same year. The album was recorded and produced by Brian Malouf (known for his work with, among others, Pearl Jam, Queen, Extreme, Madonna, Michael Jackson, Lisa Loeb and Jean-Luc Ponty). The band toured with Dream Theater in Europe, and toured in North America with Voivod, Flotsam and Jetsam, and Excel. The band also shot a music video for "The Mission" from their debut album. DTM also released a promotional CD-5 titled Silence, which featured covers of "I'd Love to Change the World" by Ten Years After, and King Crimson's "Cat Food".

Prior to recording the album, the band had cut an 18-song live in-studio demo, which included a half dozen songs that did not make the album, namely "Fear of Fear", "Welcome the Red", "New World Revival", "The Price", "Legend Maker", and "Heavens Gate". Another six songs – "No Rest", "Blinder Than I", "Wall", "Brains", "Bleed" and "Decay" – were demoed in 1995 prior to Clemmons leaving the band.

Aftermath
DTM was not widely embraced by the alternative-minded consumer, and received less and less support from A&M. Their recording contract was canceled, which led to the band's premature demise soon thereafter. Dave Clemmons departed the group, and with a new singer the remaining members reformed as Mumbo's Brain (the latter of which can be heard on Chris Poland's solo release – Rare Trax from 2000).

Dave Clemmons later resurfaced with a band named Jud (and later formed The Fullbliss and released several solo albums), while Chris Poland went on to form the jazz-fusion trio OHM, with whom he released one live and two studio albums. Mark Poland has a musical project of his own, and Dave Randi now works for Playboy Plus Entertainment.

Albums

 * Damn the Machine (1993)
 * Day One (2021)

Promotional singles

 * "Silence" (1993)
 * "Lonesome God" (1993)
 * "The Mission" (1993)

title: Damn the Machine