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Walmore Common

Walmore Common ( & ) is a 57.78 ha nature reserve on the flood-plain of the River Severn, west of the city of Gloucester in England and north of the village of Chaxhill. It was notified as a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1966. The site is listed in the 'Forest of Dean Local Plan Review' as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS).

The common is recognised as a wetland area of international importance and is designated as a Ramsar site. The common is recognised as a Special Protection Area (SPA) under the EC Directive on the conservation of Wild Birds.

Location and habitat
The site is in the Severn Vale and is subject to annual winter flooding. It is low-lying and comprises two sections. It overlies the only cited significant area of peat in Gloucestershire. It is a wetland site of local botanical and ornithological importance. The habitats are unimproved and improved neutral grassland, marshy grassland and open water ditches/rhynes.

Flora
The eastern part of the designated area is dominated by wavy hair grass, marsh foxtail and creeping bent. The improved grassland is dominated by perennial rye grass, creeping bent and Timothy. The northern section is mostly marshy and comprises rush and sedge species. The marshes also support bog pimpernel and ragged robin. The ditches are significant as they are examples of a disappearing habitat. A wide range of wetland plants flourish with a large population of flote grass and several pondweeds. There are rarities including tubular water dropwort (Oenanthe fistulosa).

Winter feeding
Its significance is as a winter feeding and roosting area for wildfowl. This includes Bewick's swans, wigeon, gadwall and shoveller.

SSSI Source

 * Natural England SSSI information on the citation
 * Natural England SSSI information on the Walmore Common units

title: Walmore Common


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European route E16

European route E16 is the designation of a main west-east road through Northern Ireland, Scotland, Norway and Sweden, from Derry to Gävle, via Belfast, Glasgow, Edinburgh, previously by ferry to Bergen, Voss, through the Gudvanga Tunnel and the Lærdal Tunnel (the world's longest road tunnel), Lærdal, over Filefjell to Fagernes, Hønefoss, Gardermoen and Kongsvinger. In Sweden, it passes Malung, Falun and ends in Gävle.

United Kingdom
In Northern Ireland, it follows the A6 from Derry to Randalstown, then the M22 and M2 to Belfast. In Scotland, it follows the M8 from Glasgow to Edinburgh.
 * Northern Ireland
 * UK road A6.svg: Derry - UK-Motorway-M22.svg
 * UK-Motorway-M22.svg: UK road A6.svg - Antrim
 * UK-Motorway-M2.svg: Antrim - Belfast (Multiplex with and  between UK-Motorway-A8(M).svg and Belfast)
 * Great Britain
 * UK-Motorway-M8.svg: Glasgow (Interchange with at UK-Motorway-M74.svg) - Edinburgh (Interchange with  at UK-Motorway-M9.svg)

The E16 meets the E1 and E18 in Belfast, the E5 in Glasgow, the E15 in Edinburgh. European routes are not signposted in the UK. There is no ferry any more between the United Kingdom and Norway.

Norway
The E16 is the main road between Norway's two largest cities Oslo and Bergen, and the only mountain pass between Oslo and Bergen that is rarely closed due to snowstorms and blizzards (it goes below the tree line). Outside winter, Route 7 is at least as popular between Oslo and Bergen, since it is shorter. There are some other options, such as the road through Hemsedal. The E16 is narrow at many places in Norway, although upgrades are being built.

The E16 is 630 km long in Norway. The E16 has three end points, on the western end it meets the E39 in Bergen, near Hønefoss one spur turns south and meets the E18 at Sandvika, another spur goes east and meets the E6 at Gardermoen before continuing on to the Swedish border at Lundersæter.

Sweden
E16 is 360 km long in Sweden. E16 runs starts at the border with Norway near Vittjärn and runs together with the E45 between Torsby and Malung. E16 ends in Gävle where it meets the E4. There is no customs control at the Norway-Sweden border (but there is video surveillance), meaning that transports needing to be declared for customs, including most lorries, must be pre-cleared.

History
The road number E16 was introduced in Norway in 1992, between Bergen and Oslo. The road Bergen–Oslo was called E68 in the old E-road system from 1950. In 1975, a new system was decided, where E16 only went through the United Kingdom (Londonderry–Edinburgh), and Bergen–Oslo was called E136. This was changed after several revisions of the agreement.

In 2011, it was decided to extend E16 from the Oslo region eastwards through Kongsvinger, Torsby, Malung, Borlänge to Gävle in Sweden. The signposting took place in the autumn of 2012.

A large road construction project was finished in 1992 when a new routing was opened almost all the way between Bergen and Voss. A further large project were the tunnels between Gudvangen and Lærdal which total around 43 km, including the Lærdal Tunnel (the world's longest road tunnel), finished in 2000. In 2003–2017, the road from Lærdal and over the mountain pass was improved with five new tunnels of over 1 km length, improving road quality and winter predictability.

In 2024, Finland proposes that the road be extended to the Finnish side. In Finland, the E16 road would be formed by highway 12 between Rauma-Kouvola and highway 15 between Kouvola-Kotka. Near Tampere, the E16 road would form a ring road. Finland's part of the E16 road would be about 400 kilometers. With the changes, the roads would be marked with the new E16 numbering in addition to their own national numbering.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: European route E16


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Housing starts

Housing starts is an economic indicator that reflects the number of privately owned new houses (technically housing units) on which construction has been started in a given period. These data are divided into three types: single-family houses, townhouses or small condos, and apartment buildings with five or more units.

Each apartment unit is considered a single start. The construction of a 30-unit apartment building is counted as 30 housing starts.

title: Housing starts


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Talk:Firaxis Games

Slogan
I'm starting to doubt if Firaxis's slogan is The Firey Axis of Creativity. It might be Games that stand the Test of Time. --Munchkinguy 20:06, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * They may have changed it at some point. Anyway, it looks like it's the latter one.  I changed it in the infobox.   — Frecklefoot | Talk 21:00, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

Gettysburg link
There are two different internal links to the Gettysburg game, one for Sid meiers Gettysburg, and one for an unexistant Gettysburg(video game) page. I'me a noob to editing, so I dont know if I should change the link or create the second page (as a redirection?) Thanks.

List of games section
Respected editor Zntrip changed the list of games sections from a bare list to a table. While I agree the old list was rather lacking, the table makes it look like the platforms the game was released the most important feature of the game:

How about ONE column for platforms (see List of Electronic Arts games for an example) and a column with a very short description of the game? I think this would be far more useful. This would also save a lot of space, since Firaxis normally doesn't release games on a ton of platforms. Example:

Like I said, I think the move to a table was a good one, but I'm not sure the columns are the most relevant for their games. Any thoughts? — Frεcklεfσσt | Talk 01:05, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

New table for games
Since no one responded above, how about something like this?

If no one objects, I'll finish it and add it to the article. — Frεcklεfσσt | Talk 09:40, 19 October 2013 (UTC)

It's cool. I like it. Tanisho4Real (talk) 12:28, 14 April 2016 (UTC)

Why no pronunciation?
It always seemed obvious to me that it is a contraction of "fire-axis", and is pronounced that way, but a lot of people in youtube videos say "fer-AX-is", which seems absurd. And often they slur it to "frAXis". Any official info on this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77Mike77 (talk • contribs) 20:06, 12 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Firaxis Games


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Orca-class patrol vessel

The Orca-class patrol vessels are a class of eight steel-hulled training and surveillance vessels in service with the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) at Patrol Craft Training Unit (PCTU) Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Esquimalt. Based on the Australian Pacific-class patrol boat design, all of the Orca vessels were constructed by Victoria Shipyards between November 2004 and November 2008. In addition to carrying the RCN designation of patrol craft training (PCT), the Orca class are not formally commissioned in the RCN and as such do not possess the His Majesty's Canadian Ship (HMCS) prefix.

Design and description
In the early 2000s, the Canadian Forces Maritime Command (MARCOM) began searching for a replacement for its aging 1950s-era wooden-hulled YAG 300 training tenders. While training aboard the YAG vessels was considered useful, initial training of naval officers was moving towards more modern land-based simulators that more accurately replicated the conditions aboard RCN capital ships. On 8 November 2004 the Department of National Defence (DND) announced a $69.7 million contract for six new ships, with an option for two more for a total budget of $90.7 million.

Based on the Australian Tenix Defence–designed Pacific-class Seahorse Mercator, the Canadian-built Orca class shares the same hull design as the Australian vessel, but is 15 per cent larger. Stretched to the maximum allowed by the contract, the Canadian Orca class was designed to allow for the hull to withstand any increase in the size and weight of future equipment. With the change in size, also came a change to the propulsion system, crew accommodations and bridge structure.

Designed to accommodate a 12.7 mm M2 machine gun, the foredeck was strengthened and extra fire protection was added, requiring a new firemain supply to the new ammunition storage lockers. This redesign led to several systems, including the auxiliary seawater and bilge systems to be upgraded. In addition, requirements under the Canada Shipping Act and Canadian naval requirements also necessitated the installation of a third generator, changing the electrical supply to 120 volts/60 hertz and a redesigned water cooling system.

Designed as a stepping stone' to larger fleet warships", the Orcas were also designed with a larger wheelhouse fitted with warship-grade navigational equipment. The large bridge offers expansive views all around, ensuring safety and enhancing training value. Below the bridge is a sixteen-seat training room with reconfigurable seating, desks and a multimedia centre, which also serves as a mess and medical area. As the training room sits atop the machinery space, a multi-component acoustic system and absorbent material was used for sound deadening.

The Orca class were the first vessels of its size to be built to the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) High-Speed Naval Craft (HSNC) A1 classification and are constructed using CSA G40.21 50W/350WT high-strength structural steel. Known for its reliability in cold climates, it is the same type of steel used in the Canadian Halifax-class frigates.

Each Orca-class vessel shares the same dimensions of being 33 m long, a beam of 8.34 m, a draught of 2.0 m, and a displacement of 210 t. Powered by two Caterpillar 3516B marine diesel engines, each rated for 2500 hp at 1,600 revolutions per minute, they are capable of 20 kn, and have an endurance of 660 nmi at 15 kn. Able to be operated by a core crew of five, the maximum bunk space on the Orcas is twenty-four with two two-bunk cabins for the crew (officer in charge, executive officer, senior bosun's mate, Orca-class engineer) two six-bunk cabins and two four-bunk cabins for instructors and trainees. Each Orca carries one Zodiac SR2 inflatable rescue boat that holds two sailors.

Construction
During the early stages of the Second World War, the Canadian Government acquired fourteen large yachts from the United States and all were given animal names upon commissioning in the RCN. All but Orca and Raven perpetuate the names of those armed yachts and all have a connection to First Nations lore. Cougar, Moose, and Wolf are the third vessels to carry those names as they also perpetuate the names of Canadian Fairmile B motor launches used by the Canadian Forces Naval Reserve as training ships after the Second World War.

All eight Orca-class vessels were constructed by Victoria Shipyards at Victoria, British Columbia with the first in class Orca, was laid down in September 2005, launched in August 2006, and delivered to MARCOM in November 2006. The remaining Orcas delivered were: Raven in March 2007; Caribou in July 2007; Renard in September 2007; Wolf in November 2007; Grizzly in March 2008; Cougar in July 2008 and Moose in November 2008.

Employment
As dedicated training tenders, the Orcas are primarily used to facilitate numerous one-to-six-week long at-sea training evolutions for training both regular and reserve force RCN naval officers. The vessels are also used to train non-commissioned members and provide an at sea experience for the teenage members of the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets. The Orcas are considered vessels of opportunity for surveillance and search and rescue and are all homeported at CFB Esquimalt.

During Operation Podium, the Canadian Forces support of the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, three Orcas were temporarily fitted with 12.7 mm machine guns for port security duties.

On 15 June 2017, while HMCS Chicoutimi (SSK 879) was docked at CFB Esquimalt, Cougar struck the submarine as it was exiting the dockyard. The initial inspection following the collision showed only superficial damage to the protective gear around the submarine and only minor damage to Cougar's propeller.

title: Orca-class patrol vessel


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User talk:Pchere

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Pchere! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

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Good article reassessment for Riya Sen
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title: User talk:Pchere


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Georgius Tzul

Georgius Tzul (also Georgios; Γεώργιος Τζούλης) was a Khazar warlord against whom the Byzantine Empire and Mstislav of Tmutarakan launched a joint expedition in 1016.

He appears only in the account of the Byzantine court historians Kedrenos and John Skylitzes, who place him at Kerch and calls him "khagan" (the title of the Khazar emperors). Kedrenos states that he was captured by the expeditionary force but does not relate his ultimate fate. Inscriptions and other references exist referring to a Tzul or Tsal clan in Crimea during this period; presumably he was a member although the relationship of that family to the original ruling dynasty of Khazaria is unknown. Almost nothing else about him, including the extent of his holdings, is known.

Despite the fact that earlier writers maintained that the Khazar khagan was required to adhere to Judaism, Georgius is a Christian name. Whether Georgius Tzul was himself a Christian, a Jew or Shamanist with an unusual Greek name, or whether the name is merely a Byzantine attempt to transliterate a Turkic or Hebrew name, is unknown.

Byzantine campaigns occurred roughly during this period against the Georgians and the Bulgarian Empire, suggesting a concerted effort to re-establish Byzantine dominance in the Black Sea region.

title: Georgius Tzul


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List of Champagne houses

The listing below comprises some of the more prominent houses of Champagne. Most of the major houses are members of the organisation Union de Maisons de Champagne (UMC), and are sometimes referred to as Grandes Marques.

title: List of Champagne houses


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tux Bowl

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 04:17, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

Tux Bowl
Software project that gets only hits on 3 sites, one of which is Wikipedia, probably because nothing's been released. Wikipedia is not a fortune-teller. Niteowlneils 20:09, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Come back when the product is mature and notable. Inter 20:30, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, although it would be cool if Wikipedia was a fortune teller. GRider\talk  21:59, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, yes, this would be an article if the project produces the software as described. Wyss 20:49, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Pet store

A pet shop or pet store is an essential services retailer which sells animals and pet care resources to the public. A variety of animal supplies and pet accessories are also sold in pet shops. The products sold include: food, treats, toys, collars, leashes, cat litter, cages and aquariums.

Pet shops may also offer both hygienic care (such as pet cleaning) and aesthetic services (such as cat and dog grooming). Some pet stores also provide tips on training and behaviour, as well as advice on pet nutrition. Some pet stores provide engraving services for pet tags, which have the owner's contact information in case the pet gets lost.

Online pet stores
Many pet stores also offer retail products online. Citing convenience as the key motivational factor for purchasing from online pet stores, the number of United States households that shopped online for pet care products in 2018 was 13 million. Other stated advantages for online shopping include competitive pricing and good value due to free shipping offers. North America has the largest online pet care market of any other region. In the United States, more than 1/3 of all purchases from online pet stores were made at PetSmart with the most popular item purchased being dry dog food. In 2017, the online sales of pet care products grew by about 3.4 billion dollars, while traditional brick-and-mortar stores reported only about 317 million dollars in sales growth.

millennials are the biggest pet-owning generation. Seventy-seven percent report that they prefer to purchase pet products like toys, accessories, and food online, but favor in-store shopping for treats, bedding and clothing.

Germany
The largest pet store in the world is located in Duisburg, Germany. Zoo Zajac is located in a 130,000 square-foot warehouse and houses more than 250,000 animals from 3,000 different species. The store has become a tourist attraction, with visitors interacting with it like a zoo.

United Kingdom
In 1987, the British pet store trade had an estimated worth of £150 million. The largest pet store chain is Pets at Home.

In the United Kingdom, pet stores are prohibited from selling puppies and kittens less than six months old. The ban was announced in 2018 following public pressure to improve animal breeding standards.

United States
In 2004, according to the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association, in the pet industry, live animal sales reached approximately $1.6 billion. In the United States, pet sales make up only 6% of the market, with most sales comprising accessories and merchandise. In a 2003 survey, 38% of U.S. pet shops claimed that they did not sell any live animals.

In 20 states and Washington, D.C., a license is required before being able to manage a pet store. There are 16 states that have laws which mandate veterinary care in pet stores. In some states and cities – such as California and Atlanta – the sale of common pets such as dogs, cats, and rabbits, is prohibited except for those from animal shelters, in an attempt to curb poor standards of animal breeding.

title: Pet store


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Nick Gillespie

Nicholas John Gillespie (born August 7, 1963) is an American libertarian journalist who was editor-in-chief of Reason magazine from 2000 to 2008 and editor-in-chief of Reason.com and Reason TV from 2008 to 2017. Gillespie originally joined Reason's staff in 1993 as an assistant editor and ascended to the top slot in 2000. He is currently an editor-at-large at Reason. Gillespie has edited one anthology, Choice: The Best of Reason.

Life and career
Gillespie was born in Brooklyn, New York, and grew up in Monmouth County, New Jersey, where he graduated from Mater Dei High School. His educational history includes a B.A. in English and psychology from Rutgers University and an M.A. in English from Temple University, as well as a Ph.D. in English literature from the State University of New York at Buffalo. He has two sons, Jack and Neal Gillespie.

Before joining Reason, Gillespie worked at a number of small trade magazines and other journalistic outlets.

In an interview with CNN anchor Jake Tapper, Gillespie and Tapper said they contributed articles for the alternative website Suck.com in the 1990s. On Suck.com, Gillespie wrote under the pseudonym Mr. Mxyzptlk.

In 2010, The Daily Beast named Gillespie number 18 on their list of "The Right's Top 25 Journalists". Gillespie himself is a contributor to The Daily Beast.

Gillespie shared the award for "Best Advocacy Journalism" at the 53rd Annual Southern California Journalism Awards with Drew Carey and Paul Feine for their work "Reason Saves Cleveland." He also received an honorable mention for "Best News Organization Website."

In 2011, Gillespie published The Declaration of Independents: How Libertarian Politics Can Fix What's Wrong with America with Reason editor-in-chief Matt Welch.

Gillespie is on the board of Ideas Beyond Borders, a nonprofit founded by Faisal Saeed Al Mutar and Melissa Chen.

Gillespie is known for wearing black, which he describes as appealing to his political beliefs. He calls himself an "apatheist," referring to his apathy over the question of God's existence. Although he was raised Catholic, he no longer identifies as one.

title: Nick Gillespie


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User:Simone/monobook.js

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title: User:Simone/monobook.js


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Talk:Clarinet Sonatas (Brahms)

Just a quick note: for the moment I've redirected Clarinet Sonata No. 1 (Brahms) and Clarinet Sonata No. 2 (Brahms) to here. Eventually we can have separate articles on the two, but the only info here right now applies to the both. I also wouldn't normally make redirects from pages which I think will, in the future, be fully-fledged articles in themselves, but as the info here is probably useful to somebody, I thought this (temporary) solution was best. --Camembert

No. 2 in E flat movements
In two separate recordings I have, the Clarinet Sonata No. 2 in E flat has four movements, not three. They are listed as:
 * 1. Allegro amabile
 * 2. Allegro appasionato
 * 3. Andante con moto
 * 4. Allegro non troppo

Not sure of the actual sheet music, but it seems when it's performed, they break these up into four movements. Should they be lsited as such? --Waliy sherpa (talk) 22:28, 27 September 2011 (UTC)

Sonata no.2 is in three movements, of which the third is a theme and variations. The theme is marked 'Andante con moto' and this is retained for the first four variations. At the fifth variation the key changes to the minor and the tempo increases to 'Allegro'. This in turn leads into an extended coda back in the major, which begins 'piu tranquillo' but gradually builds to a brilliant climax. The structure is clearly a single movement; the tempo marking 'Allegro non troppo' does not appear in the score. --5.80.130.95 (talk) 12:57, 1 September 2015 (UTC)

Incorrect analysis of No.2?
As far as I can tell, none of the information in the second sonata's section is actually correct, and frankly reads like an analysis of a completely different work. I've reverted it off for the time being, the revision can be found here:. I'm providing a breakdown of points in the analysis that don't appear to be correct below: --2604:3D08:657B:3500:2067:4467:9942:E35D (talk) 12:23, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * The Allegro amabile first movement doesn't feature an Andante section
 * I'm doubting the main theme being "heroic and passionate" with the marking amabile "amiable, pleasant"
 * The exposition of the first movement never reaches Ab; the second subject appears to be the sotto voce theme in Bb
 * The tempo of the second movement is given as Allegro appassionato, not Allegro molto appassionato
 * The trio is in B, not Bb, and is only presented once, not twice
 * The second movement does not have a substantial coda, ending quietly shortly after the end of the second scherzo section
 * The third movement ends Allegro, not Allegro vivo, and is in variation form, not sonata form
 * Again, Ab isn't touched on, and it certainly wouldn't be the main key of a movement in Eb
 * The third movement does not restate the first theme of the first movement

title: Talk:Clarinet Sonatas (Brahms)


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User:TPickup

Thomas Pickup

Licenses
I agree to Licence any of my contributions except my user page under the following terms.

title: User:TPickup


text:
User talk:Chris2311

Orphaned non-free image File:Love exposure poster.jpg
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title: User talk:Chris2311


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Cyclopentane

Cyclopentane (also called C pentane) is a highly flammable alicyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C5H10 and CAS number 287-92-3, consisting of a ring of five carbon atoms each bonded with two hydrogen atoms above and below the plane. It occurs as a colorless liquid with a petrol-like odor. Its freezing point is −94 °C and its boiling point is 49 °C. Cyclopentane is in the class of cycloalkanes, being alkanes that have one or more carbon rings. It is formed by cracking cyclohexane in the presence of alumina at a high temperature and pressure.

It was first prepared in 1893 by the German chemist Johannes Wislicenus.

Production, occurrence and use
Cycloalkanes are formed by catalytic reforming. For example, when passed over a hot platinum surface, 2-methylbutane converts into cyclopentane.

Cyclopentane is principally used as a blowing agent in the manufacture of polyurethane insulating foam, replacing ozone-depleting agents such as CFC-11 and HCFC-141b. While cyclopentane is not typically used as a refrigerant, it is common for domestic appliances that are insulated with cyclopentane-based foam, such as refrigerators and freezers, to be marked with cyclopentane warning labels due to its flammability. Cyclopentane is also used in the manufacture of synthetic resins and rubber adhesives.

Multiply alkylated cyclopentane (MAC) lubricants, such as 1,3,4-tri-(2-octyldodecyl) cyclopentane, have low volatility and are used by NASA in space applications.

Cyclopentane requires safety precautions to prevent leakage and ignition as it is both highly flammable and can also cause respiratory arrest when inhaled.

Cyclopentane can be fluorinated to give compounds ranging from C5H9F to perfluorocyclopentane C5F10. Such species are conceivable refrigerants and specialty solvents.

The cyclopentane ring is pervasive in natural products including many useful drugs. Examples include most steroids, prostaglandins, and some lipids.

Conformations
In a regular pentagon, the angles at the vertices are all 108°, slightly less than the bond angle in perfectly tetrahedrally bonded carbon, which is about 109.47°. However, cyclopentane is not planar in its normal conformations. It puckers in order to increase the distances between the hydrogen atoms (something which does not happen in the planar cyclopentadienyl anion C5H5- because it doesn't have as many hydrogen atoms). This means that the average C-C-C angle is less than 108°. There are two conformations that give local minima of the energy, the "envelope" and the "half-chair". The envelope has mirror symmetry (C$s$), while the half chair has two-fold rotational symmetry (C$2$). In both cases the symmetry implies that there are two pairs of equal C-C-C angles and one C-C-C angle that has no pair. In fact for cyclopentane, unlike for cyclohexane (C6H12, see cyclohexane conformation) and higher cycloalkanes, it is not possible geometrically for all the angles and bond lengths to be equal except if it is in the form of a flat regular pentagon.

title: Cyclopentane


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Wiedergutmachung

Wiedergutmachung after World War II refers to the reparations that the German government agreed to pay in 1953 to the direct survivors of the Holocaust, and to those who were made to work at forced labour camps or who otherwise became victims of the Nazis. The sum would amount, through the years, to over 100 billion Deutsche Mark. Historian Tony Judt writes about Wiedergutmachung:

"In making this agreement Konrad Adenauer ran some domestic political risk: in December 1951, just 5 percent of West Germans surveyed admitted feeling ‘guilty’ towards Jews. A further 29 percent acknowledged that Germany owed some restitution to the Jewish people. The rest were divided between those (some two-fifths of respondents) who thought that only people ‘who really committed something’ were responsible and should pay, and those (21 percent) who thought ‘that the Jews themselves were partly responsible for what happened to them during the Third Reich.’ When the restitution agreement was debated in the Bundestag on March 18th 1953, the Communists voted against, the Free Democrats abstained and both the Christian Social Union and Adenauer’s own CDU were divided, with many voting against any Wiedergutmachung (reparations)."

The noun is the general term for "restitution" or "reparation". The noun is made up of ("again"),  ("good" or "well"), and, a verbal noun of  ("to make"). The verb means literally "to make good again" or to compensate. Wiedergutmachungsgeld means "Wiedergutmachung money."

In the former East Germany, Wiedergutmachung was mostly directed to Poland and the former USSR.

The German federal office currently in charge of this issue is the Bundesamt für zentrale Dienste und offene Vermögensfragen (BADV) (Federal Office for Central Services and Unresolved Property Issues). It applies the "Federal Compensation Laws" and took these responsibilities over from the Verwaltungsamt für innere Restitutionen, which, in its charter, states:

"Individuals who were persecuted for political, racial, religious or ideological reasons by the wartime German regime are eligible for money from the German government under the terms of the Federal Compensation Law (BEG) of 1953 and 1956. This includes Jews who were interned in camps or ghettos, were obliged to wear the star badge, or who lived in hiding."

Only people who were directly victimised are eligible for Wiedergutmachung, and not, for example, offspring born after the war or grandchildren. Statistics concerning Wiedergutmachung payments were released by the BEG through the mid-1980s, but have not since been publicly released. As of the mid-1980s, over four million claims had been filed and paid. Approximately 40% of the claims were from Israel, where many Holocaust survivors live, 20% were from Germany, and 40% were from other countries.

The process in Germany was often extremely difficult. According to a report commissioned by the German government on the "Fate of Jewish Clothiers in the Nazi Dictatorship": "For those who applied, the euphemistic-sounding terms “compensation” and “reparations” often meant a bitter fight which sometimes lasted for decades and over generations, and whose result was uncertain. Restitution of the assets confiscated unlawfully during those days has still not been fully completed."

An unusual compensation was to the Republic of Ireland, a neutral country, for bombings in 1941.

On 3 December 1998, Germany was a signer of the "Washington Principles on Nazi-Confiscated Art". Adherence to these principles is strictly voluntary and not a legal requirement. The Washington Principles cover only items in the possession of public institutions, and not items in the possession of private individuals. Germany has no law in effect which actively requires institutions to have their possessions searched for Nazi-looted goods, unlike the 1998 restitution law in Austria.

Unlike the Nuremberg trials in which Fritz Sauckel received a death sentence for his organization of mass forced labor, Wiedergutmachung aimed to compensate the "victims of Nazi persecution" while presenting mass forced labor as a normal part of war rather than a crime.

title: Wiedergutmachung


text:
User talk:Actsian

ACTSIAN

(http://actsian.faithweb.com)

We have coined this word as a noun describing a person living out their Christian faith as recorded in the Book of Acts, specifically Acts 2:42-47: "They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and to the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer. Everyone was filled with awe, and many wonders and miraculous signs were done by the apostles. All the believers were together and had everything in common. Selling their possessions and goods, they gave to anyone as he had need. Every day they continued to meet together in the temple courts. They broke bread in their homes and ate together with glad and sincere hearts, praising God and enjoying the favor of all the people. And the Lord added to their number daily those who were being saved."

Actsian is neither a denomination nor is it meant to infer or encourage thinking in this direction. There are enough Christian denominations already.

We just find the need to give a clear and sharp focus on the kind of faith, action, and lifestyle we ascribe to since there seem to be such a large amount of ambiguity as to exactly what a Christian is.

Actsians are very communal, living together, sharing, loving and spreading the Kingdom of God.

Today, it's about persons networking, supporting and taking care of each other, especially those of us outside of the norm, who tend to fall through the cracks. We place a special emphasis on transcending poverty since stuggling for survival often takes precedence over the more meaningful aspirations life should involve.

All are invited. You don't have to be a believer to benefit from the many things offered at this Christian site but we know it is crucially important for all of us to keep Jesus words recorded in Mark 8:35-37 in mind: "What does it profit a man to gain the whole world and yet lose or forfeit his soul?" Our purpose, therefore, is ministering to the human condition from a Christian perspective. We also know this is the most effective and only real method for achieving actualization, happiness, success and love.

title: User talk:Actsian


text:
Journal of Historical Review

The Journal of Historical Review was a non-peer reviewed, pseudoacademic, neo-Nazi periodical focused on promoting Holocaust denial. It was published by the Institute for Historical Review (IHR), based in Torrance, California. It ran quarterly from 1980 until 1992, and then bimonthly from 1993 until publication ceased in 2002. A supplement, IHR Newsletter, was published alongside the journal.

History
The journal was founded in 1978 by the far-right political activist Willis Carto. Its subject was primarily Holocaust denial. In 1985, Mark Weber joined the institute's editorial advisory committee and, between 1992 and 2000, he was editor of the Journal.

The journal became a platform for neo-Nazis around the world, with the editorial board composed of Holocaust deniers, including Germans Udo Walendy, Wilhelm Stäglich, and Georg Franz-Willing); French Robert Faurisson and Henri Roques; Argentinian W. Beweraggi-Allende, Australian John Tuson Bennett; Spanish Enrique Aynat); and Italian Carlo Mattogno.

The journal commenced publication in the spring of 1980 as a quarterly periodical. No issues were published between April 1996 and May 1997; it thereafter continued until 2002. After publication of the journal ceased, the IHR publishes its Bulletin only in an online format, although back issues are still made available on the Institute website.

Reception
The Journal's critics have included the Anti-Defamation League, the Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide studies, and scholars including Robert Hanyok, a National Security Agency historian, and many others who have described the journal as pseudo-scientific.

Jonathan Petropoulos wrote in The History Teacher that the "[journal] is shockingly racist and antisemitic: articles on 'America's Failed Racial Policy' and anti-Israel pieces accompany those about gas chambers... They clearly have no business claiming to be a continuation of the revisionist tradition, and should be referred to as 'Holocaust Deniers'."

Russian historians Igor Ryzhov and Maria Borodina commented that the fact that the Institute for Historical Review published its own historical journal "helped not only to unite the deniers into a single movement, but also to give their activities a form of pseudo-scientificness."

The Organization of American Historians commissioned a study of the journal in which a panel had found that it was "nothing but a masquerade of scholarship".

title: Journal of Historical Review


text:
Giovanni

Giovanni may refer to:

 * Giovanni (name), an Italian male given name and surname
 * Giovanni (meteorology), a Web interface for users to analyze NASA's gridded data
 * Don Giovanni, a 1787 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on the legend of Don Juan
 * Giovanni (Pokémon), boss of Team Rocket in the fictional world of Pokémon
 * Giovanni (World of Darkness), a group of vampires in Vampire: The Masquerade/World of Darkness roleplay and video game
 * "Giovanni", a song by Band-Maid from the 2021 album Unseen World
 * Giovanni's Island, a 2014 Japanese anime drama film
 * Giovanni's Room, a 1956 novel by James Baldwin
 * Via Giovanni, places in Rome

title: Giovanni


text:
Bulan (Khazar)

Bulan was a Khazar king who led the conversion of the Khazars to Judaism. His name means "elk" or "hart" in Old Turkic. The date of his reign is unknown, as the date of the conversion is hotly disputed, though it is certain that Bulan reigned some time between the mid-8th and the mid-9th centuries. Nor is it settled whether Bulan was the Bek or the Khagan of the Khazars.

The scholar D. M. Dunlop thought that Bulan and his royal descendants, including Aaron II and Joseph, were Khagans because of the hereditary nature of this lineage and his interpretation of the word "priest" (Kohen) in Sefer ha-Ittim by Judah ben Barzillai. However, more recent scholars, such as Dan Shapira and Kevin Brook, assume that Bulan was the Bek due to references to him leading military campaigns. Khazar tradition held that before his own conversion, Bulan was religiously unaffiliated. In his quest to discover which of the three Abrahamic religions would shape his own religious beliefs, he invited representatives from each to explain their fundamental tenets. In the end, he chose Judaism.

In the Khazar Correspondence, King Joseph traces his lineage back to Bulan. He refers to the reforming Khazar ruler Obadiah as being one of "the sons of the sons of Bulan". While Dunlop allowed for the possibility that Obadiah could have been Bulan's grandson, the Hebrew phrase is less definitive and may allude to a more remote descent. The royal descendants of Bulan are referred to by Khazar researchers as Bulanids, though their self-designation is unknown.

The name Sabriel is given in the Schechter Letter (roughly contemporaneous with King Joseph's letter) for the Khazar king who led the conversion to Judaism. The Schechter Letter also gives Sabriel at least a partial Jewish/Israelite ancestry. Sabriel is described as having waged successful campaigns in the Caucasus and Iranian Azerbaijan, possibly as part of the Khazar-Arab wars.

His wife, Serakh, is described as a Jew and as encouraging him to study and adopt Judaism. The Schechter Letter is silent on the issue of whether Sabriel was Bulan; the name Bulan does not appear in that document.

Khazar scholars sometimes refer to the king who led the Khazar conversion to Judaism as "Bulan Sabriel", though it is conceivable that they may have been different people. In The History of the Jewish Khazars, for instance, D. M. Dunlop examined (and ultimately rejected) the theory of other scholars that Sabriel referred to Obadiah.

Stanford Mommaerts-Brown, a genealogist, historian and also a convert to Judaism, would point out that it is common for Jews, whether born among gentiles or converts, to have two names. One is of the nomenclature of the people among whom (s)he lives, (or was born), and a Hebrew name. Mr. Mommaerts-Brown's name is Yonathan Micah Hillel. 'Bulan' is clearly a Turkic name. After conversion he would have taken a Hebrew or Jewish name. 'Sabriel' looks very much to be a Turkic idiomatic variation of 'Gabriel'.

Dan Shapira introduced the hypothesis that the names Bulan and Sabriel actually mean the same thing. He wrote that the Hebrew word at the root of Sabriel means "to think, hope, believe, find out, understand" while bulan was a word in the language of the Oghuz Turks that meant "one who finds out".

title: Bulan (Khazar)


text:
King of Pop (disambiguation)

King of Pop is a nickname usually associated with the American singer Michael Jackson (1958–2009).

King of Pop may also refer to:
 * Several other musicians, see honorific nicknames in popular music
 * King of Pop (album), a 2008 compilation album by Michael Jackson
 * Kings of Pop, a 2002 album by Home Grown
 * Kings of Pop (cover artist), who covered a song by will.i.am
 * King of Pop Awards, an annual Australian pop music award from 1967 to 1978 and a compilation album King of Pop '74–'75

title: King of Pop (disambiguation)


text: Template:Basilicata

title: Template:Basilicata


text: Category:High schools in Ohio

title: Category:High schools in Ohio


text:
File:Llandudno coat of arms.jpeg

Copyright
The copyright status is unknown; probably either public domain or Crown copyright. I believe that it has not specifically been released under a free license.

The image is of a very low resolution and illustrates the symbol in question, therefore I believe it to be fair use on the article on Llandudno, regardless of its copyright status.

Licensing
--Joe Llywelyn Griffith Blakesley talk contrib 20:37, 2005 Feb 7 (UTC)

title: File:Llandudno coat of arms.jpeg


text:
Public holidays in Azerbaijan

There are several public holidays in Azerbaijan. Public holidays were regulated in the constitution of the Azerbaijan SSR for the first time on 19 May 1921. They are now regulated by the Constitution of Azerbaijan.

Other observances
National days in Azerbaijan that are working days follows:
 * 30 January – Day of Azerbaijani customs
 * 2 February – Day of Youth in Azerbaijan
 * 11 February – Day of Revenue Service
 * 26 February – Khojaly massacre commemoration day
 * 5 March – Day of Physical Culture and Sport
 * 23 March – Day of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources
 * 28 March – Day of National Security
 * 10 April – Day of the builder
 * 10 May – Flower Festival
 * 2 June – Day of Civil Aviation
 * 5 June – Day of Reclamation
 * 18 June – Human Rights Day
 * 20 June – Day of the gas sector
 * 2 July – Day of Azerbaijani Police
 * 9 July – Day of the employees of the diplomatic service
 * 22 July – National Press Day in Azerbaijan
 * 1 August – Day of Azerbaijani language and alphabet.
 * 2 August – National Day of Azerbaijani cinema
 * 15 September – Day of Knowledge
 * 18 September – Day of National Music
 * 20 September – Day of Azerbaijani Oil / Oil Workers' Day
 * 27 September – Memorial Day
 * 1 October – Day of prosecutors in Azerbaijan
 * 13 October – Day of Azerbaijani Railway
 * 18 October – Independence Restoration Day
 * 6 November – Day of Baku Metro Employees
 * 12 November – Constitution Day
 * 17 November – National Revival Day
 * 22 November – Day of Justice of Azerbaijan
 * 6 December – Day of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technologies of Azerbaijan
 * 12 December – Memorial Day of Heydar Aliyev
 * 16 December – Day of Azerbaijani Ministry of Emergency Situations

Religious days
Only the holidays of Ramadan and Qurban remain as non-working religious days in Azerbaijan, as the country is highly secular and irreligious. The religious population of the country, mainly in Nardaran and a number of other villages and regions, celebrate the Day of Ashura, a Shia mourning day in the Islamic calendar. Religious minorities of the country – mainly Orthodox Christians and Jews - also celebrate notable religious days of their faith. Despite the fact that the holiday Novruz takes its roots from the religion of Zoroastrianism, almost all Azerbaijanis celebrate it as a holiday of spring.

title: Public holidays in Azerbaijan


text:
Lloyd House

Lloyd House may refer to:

People

 * Lloyd House (politician), Arizona state representative from 1967 to 1968

Buildings

 * in the Netherlands
 * Lloyd Hotel, Dutch national monument in Amsterdam

in the United Kingdom
 * Lloyd House, Birmingham

in the United States (by state then city)
 * Harold Lloyd Estate, Beverly Hills, California, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Los Angeles County
 * Lloyd House, Pasadena, California, a dormitory in the House system at Caltech
 * Jason Skinner House, Harwinton, Connecticut, also known as Lloyd House, NRHP-listed
 * Lloyd–Bond House, Lloyd, Florida, listed on the NRHP in Jefferson County
 * Henry Demarest Lloyd House, Winnetka, Illinois, listed on the NRHP in Cook County
 * James M. Lloyd House, Mt. Washington, Kentucky, listed on the NRHP in Bullitt County
 * Chase–Lloyd House, Annapolis, Maryland, a National Historic Landmark and NRHP-listed in Anne Arundel County
 * Harold Lloyd Birthplace, Burchard, Nebraska, listed on the NRHP in Pawnee County
 * Joseph Lloyd House, Huntington, New York, listed on the NRHP in Suffolk County
 * Leech–Lloyd Farmhouse and Barn Complex, Lima, New York, listed on the NRHP in Livingston County
 * Thomas F. Lloyd Historic District, Carrboro, North Carolina, listed on the NRHP in Orange County
 * Mason–Lloyd–Wiley House, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, historic house, home of Thomas F. Lloyd
 * Lloyd–Howe House, Pinehurst, North Carolina, listed on the NRHP in Moore County
 * John Uri Lloyd House, Cincinnati, Ohio, listed on the NRHP in Hamilton County
 * Lloyd House (Alexandria, Virginia), listed on the NRHP

title: Lloyd House


text:
The Day of Forever

The Day of Forever is a collection of science fiction short stories by the British writer J. G. Ballard.

Contents
The Day of Forever contains the following stories:

 * "The Day of Forever"
 * "Prisoner of the Coral Deep"
 * "Tomorrow is a Million Years"
 * "The Man on the 99th Floor"
 * "The Waiting Grounds"
 * "The Last World of Mr Goddard"
 * "The Gentle Assassin"
 * "The Sudden Afternoon"
 * "The Insane Ones"
 * "The Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Considered as a Downhill Motor Race"

Cultural references
Grant Morrison has said that the hero of the title story was the major inspiration for their character of Gideon Stargrave.

title: The Day of Forever


text:
Sondra London

Sondra London (born 1947 in Florida) is a controversial American true crime author. A onetime girlfriend of convicted murderer and suspected serial killer G.J. Schaefer and the fiancée of convicted serial killer Danny Rolling (later executed for his crimes), she interviewed both and published the results.

Writing
In a documentary by Errol Morris, London related how she first was inspired to write about crime after reaching a plateau in her career as a technical writer. She contacted the incarcerated serial killer G.J. Schaefer (an ex-cop doing two life sentences for murder, whom she had dated in high school) and the two began collaborating on a Roman à clef book containing writings by Schaefer that were arguably descriptions of his own crimes. They released a collection of short stories entitled Killer Fiction.

During this period the former deputy sheriff became increasingly obsessed with London and began divulging details of his crimes to her in prison visits and handwritten letters. London terminated the professional relationship with Schaefer after he threatened her life if she were to ever show authorities his incriminating letters. London went on to file these written threats and confessions with the court in defense of a lawsuit by Schaefer charging her with falsely stating Schaefer was a serial killer. Upon reading five hundred pages of Schaefer's handwritten statements attached to London's Response, the judge threw Schaefer's lawsuit out. After his death, Sondra London's sworn testimony was used to close two cold-case murders of Schaefer in the Ocala National Forest.

London collaborated with serial killer Danny Rolling in writing The Making of a Serial Killer: The Real Story of the Gainesville Murders, a psychological memoir which included Rolling's confessions to five murders, along with other capital crimes for which he had not been charged. The book was published by Feral House, and was illustrated by 50 pictures hand-drawn by Rolling in prison. The confessions were published in a three-part series appearing in the Globe. London and Rolling were sued by the State of Florida under a version of the Son of Sam law. Feral House published Sondra London's study of vampirism, True Vampires, in 2004. The book is illustrated by French killer Nicolas Claux. In 2016, she published Good Little Soldiers: A Memoir of True Horror.

Television
In 2000, an episode of director Errol Morris' First Person television series centered on Sondra London. She has appeared on Dateline, Turning Point, Larry King Live, Geraldo, Leeza, A Current Affair, and Court TV in the United States; Channel 4 and BBC in UK; German and French cable, and Australian ABC.

AOL boycott
In September 1997, America Online (AOL) was threatened with a boycott due to London's website, "Serial Killers talk to Sondra London." Then-Governor of Wyoming Jim Geringer and child advocate Marc Klaas called for the boycott. They objected to the site which included writings of serial killers including Keith Hunter Jesperson who had been convicted of three killings in Oregon and was facing extradition to Wyoming in regard to another killing. AOL took down the site within hours. In October 1997, London was interviewed by Larry King on Larry King Live in regard to the website's removal in an episode dealing with the right of free speech. London said the site's information could help gain insight into the thinking of serial killers. One document included Jesperson's response to the question of why he killed people. Free speech advocates protested, and the website was restored.

title: Sondra London


text:
XHBC-FM

XHBC-FM is a radio station in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico, broadcasting on 95.1 MHz FM.

XEBC callsign
XEBC was the former call sign of a border-blaster radio station licensed to the Tijuana / Rosarito area of Baja California, Mexico. The original XEBC, which launched in the early 1930s, was the first "border blaster" station in the Tijuana area.

In Ciudad Guzmán
The XEBC callsign returned to the air in December 1948, when Radio Ciudad Guzmán, S.A., was awarded the concession for XEBC-AM 990, serving Ciudad Guzmán with 1,000 watts day and 100 watts night. Radio Armonía became the concessionaire in 1972 and was awarded the FM combo station in 1994.

In 2016, XEBC-XHBC, along with XHIS-FM 106.3, was bought by Grupo Radiofónico ZER; ownership of the concessionaire Radio Armonía, which had been held by Guadalajara-based Unidifusión, was transferred entirely to Rodrigo Rodríguez Reyes and Josefina Reyes Sahagún. The result was a new name and brand for the station.

On March 11, 2019, Grupo Radiofónico ZER surrendered the AM frequency to the IFT, citing high costs of operation.

title: XHBC-FM


text: User talk:130.60.28.29

title: User talk:130.60.28.29


text:
Talk:Plateau (mathematics)

I reverted back from the ∀ notation to plain words. This is a general purpose encyclopedia, not a specialized journal. It is good to keep notation no more complicated than necessary. Oleg Alexandrov 20:34, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * That doesn't make sense to me. If we are to keep things so that anyone can understand them, what are points or ⊆ or ƒ or → or all those capital letters ?  What is specialized about ∀ when it is used throughout mathematics ?  If the paragraph is headed with "More formally", why is formal notation bad, especially when the previous paragraph explains a plateau plainly with no notation at all ? 131.230.120.16 20:52, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I am a PhD in math, so I undertand your point, and love notation myself. And of course you are not required to dumb down math for the general public. But again, why prefer ∀ to "forall"?

 * See How to write a Wikipedia article on Mathematics for some more points about style. The key idea is that our audience is the general public and not other mathematicians.

 * And it would be nice if you indeed make an account. Next time you might be using a different IP address, then you will lose track of the pages you modified. Oleg Alexandrov 21:16, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Definition
I imported the article from planetmath "as is", without thinking much. Now it comes to my mind whether this is a "good" definition. Namely, shouldn't the "plateau" be full-dimensional? I.e., contour lines are not plateaus.

At least the 1-dimensional case hints at this: a single point is clearly not a "plateau". So, what is the actual usage for multivariate functions? Mikkalai 22:00, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't know these matters, so I cannot answer your question. But most likely this article is right. As you know, mathematicians abuse naming conventions a lot. For example, field (mathematics) has nothing to do with a real field (think flowers and harvest); and ring (mathematics) has something to do with a real ring only in a very particular case. So don't worry if your physical intuition does not seem to correspond to what this definition implies. Oleg Alexandrov 23:09, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I am not worried about the intuition; I am worried about the redundancy. The usage of the "plateau" term is pretty widespread for univariate functions, but in this case there is no ambiguity. Like you, I have no idea about the usage in higher dimensions, but to me it is quite natural to separate the  contour lines and the places where the notion of "contour line" fails, which would be "true" plateau. Mikkalai 00:50, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Also, IMO it will make sense to add a comment that (full-dimensional) "plateaus" exist mostly (or only?) in experimental curves (plots) or in piecewise/patched functions/surfaces. I suspect that a "decent" function (e.g., algebraic function) cannot have a full-dimensional plateau. Is that so? If it is, this can explain why this notion is "underdeveloped": no any area of research for a "true" mathematician. Mikkalai 00:50, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Honestly, I don't know. If you want, you could go back to planetmath, and ask the author about it. Until then, I would suggest that we leave the article the way it is, because we don't know if what we change is correct or not. What do you think? Oleg Alexandrov 01:39, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * From the comments of this guy over there it seems that he doesnt know better. By the way, Mathworld doesn't have this term. Mikkalai 01:55, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * PS Are you Russian? I am Moldavian with a Russian name and poor Russian language skills. Oleg Alexandrov 01:39, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No. Belarusian. Mikkalai 01:55, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Plateau (mathematics)


text:
XHAK-FM

XEAK-AM/XHAK-FM is a combo radio station in Mexico, broadcasting at 890 AM and 89.7 FM in Acámbaro, Guanajuato. It is known as La Mejor and is owned by Organización Radiofónica de Acámbaro along with XHVW-FM 90.5.

Callsign
XEAK were also the original call letters of a border-blaster radio station licensed to the Tijuana / Rosarito area of the Mexican state of Baja California. Branded as The Mighty 690, the original XEAK was one of the first rock music stations to broadcast to Southern California. The Tijuana station dropped the XEAK call sign in 1961, but continues to broadcast today with the call sign XEWW-AM.

In Acámbaro
The XEAK calls returned when a new XEAK-AM was authorized in 1980, this time in Acámbaro, Guanajuato, to Sergio Fajardo Ortiz. The station initially received authorization to operate on 1600 kHz, soon sliding down to 890.

The FM migration was authorized in 2013. In 2017, XHAK and XHVW picked up MVS Radio formats.

title: XHAK-FM


text:
Joe Rinoie

Joe Rinoie (ジョー・リノイエ) is a Japanese record producer, singer and composer.

His mother is a Han Chinese in Japan while his father is Japanese, thus he is mixed half Chinese, half Japanese. He is a former member of Romantic Mode. After spending many years as a studio musician, he became a producer under the MUV Rinoie Ltd. label.

His song "Synchronized Love" appears in several installments of the Dance Dance Revolution game series and in Commercials promoting Takefuji Corp with dancers.

He was most recently in the J-pop group, II Mix⊿Delta, a new formation of Two-Mix, singing alongside Minami Takayama.

title: Joe Rinoie


text:
NEODyS

NEODyS (Near Earth Objects Dynamic Site) is an Italian service that provides information on near-Earth objects with a Web-based interface. It is based on a continually and (almost) automatically maintained database of near earth asteroid orbits. This site provides a number of services to the NEO community. The main service is an impact monitoring system (CLOMON2) of all near-Earth asteroids covering a period until the year 2100.

Services

 * Risk Page : One of the most important services is the production of a Risk Page where 1128 NEOs with probabilities of hitting the Earth greater of 10−11 from now until 2100 are shown in a Risk list. In the table of the Risk list the NEOs are divided into "Special", as it is the case of 101955 Bennu; "Observable", objects which are presently observable and which critically need a follow-up in order to improve their orbit; "Possible recovery", objects which are not visible at present, but which are possible to recover in the near future; "Lost", objects which have an absolute magnitude (H) brighter than 25 but which are virtually lost, being their orbit too uncertain; and "Small", objects with an absolute magnitude fainter than 25 and, even if they are "lost", they are considered too small to result in heavy damage on the ground. Each object has its own Impactor Table (IT) which shows many parameters useful to determine the risk assessment., 551 of the risk-listed asteroids are considered too small (H > 25 and less than ~35 meters in diameter) to result in heavy damage on the ground.
 * Ephemerides: It provides ephemerides of the object, that is position on sky, V magnitude, altitude, airmass, solar and lunar elongation, phase angle, galactic coordinates, R distance to the Sun, delta distance to the Earth, motion on sky, and the uncertainty on sky.
 * Observation prediction: It provides the position of the object at a specific time, information useful for the observer and a graph showing the uncertainty on sky.
 * Orbital Information: It provides the dynamical parameters of the orbit of the object.
 * MOID: It shows the analysis of the Minimum Orbital Intersection Distance (MOID) of the object.
 * Proper elements: It shows the secular properties of the object.
 * Observational Information: It provides data of both optical and radar observations and their statistical performance.
 * Close approaches: It provides a table with all the close approaches until 2100 with the planets of the Solar System.
 * Search: It provides the possibility of queries in the database according to the orbital parameters or the observational conditions or the close approaches with the planets of the Solar System.
 * Observatories: It is possible to access the information regarding observatories and their performances.
 * Other services: Physical Information provided by ESA's NEO Coordination Centre; Orbit animation provided by the NEO Program Office  at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory

How NEODyS works
NEODyS is based on a Postgresql database running on a Linux system.

The database of orbits is continually and automatically maintained with the most recent Minor Planet Center observations. The orbits are computed with the OrbFit software package provided by the OrbFit Consortium. All of the computational services provided by this site can also be done with this software package.

Future expansion of NEODyS
NEODyS is continually expanding and improving. The following are the next tasks of the project:
 * Uncertainties of all the quantities provided with the orbit, e.g., MOID and absolute magnitude
 * Variable time span for impact monitoring, based upon orbit uncertainty
 * Inclusion of non-gravitational perturbations in the dynamic model

Major update
On February 5, 2009 NEODyS went through a major update of the system. A new web-interface is available running the free software PHP. This allows a more flexible and easy to update system. In the same period the system switched to the new version of the Fortran 95 code OrbFit 4.0.

Since 2011 NEODyS is operated and maintained for the European Space Agency by the University of Pisa spin-off SpaceDyS, based in Navacchio near Pisa. SpaceDyS provides data and scientific consultancy to the European Space Agency NEO Coordination Centre based in ESRIN, Frascati, Italy.

The NEODyS team
The NEODyS team is composed by Fabrizio Bernardi (SpaceDyS, Italy), Andrea Chessa (SpaceDyS, Italy), Alessio Del Vigna (SpaceDyS, Italy), Linda Dimare (SpaceDyS, Italy), Davide Bracali Cioci (SpaceDyS, Italy), Giovanni F. Gronchi(University of Pisa, Italy), Giacomo Tommei (University of Pisa, Italy) and Giovanni B. Valsecchi (IASF-INAF, Rome, Italy). Pisa, Italy). The NEODyS founder was Andrea Milani (Dep. of mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy), Steve Chesley (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA) and María Eugenia San Saturio Lapeña (E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales, University of Valladolid, Spain).

title: NEODyS


text:
Culp's Hill

Culp's Hill, which is about 3/4 mi south of the center of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, played a prominent role in the Battle of Gettysburg. It consists of two rounded peaks, separated by a narrow saddle. Its heavily wooded higher peak is 630 ft above sea level. The lower peak is about 100 feet (30 m) shorter than its companion. The eastern slope descends to Rock Creek, about 160 feet (50 m) lower in elevation, and the western slope is to a saddle with Stevens Knoll (formerly McKnight's Hill) with a summit 100 ft lower than the main Culp's Hill summit. The hill was owned in 1863 by farmer Henry Culp and was publicized as "Culp's Hill" by October 31, 1865.

During the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1–3, 1863, Culp's Hill was a critical part of the Union Army defensive line, the principal feature of the right flank, or "barbed" portion of what is described as the "fish-hook" line. Holding the hill was by itself unimportant because its heavily wooded sides made it unsuitable for artillery placement, but its loss would have been catastrophic to the Union army. It dominated Cemetery Hill and the Baltimore Pike, the latter being critical for keeping the Union army supplied and for blocking any Confederate advance on Baltimore or Washington, D.C.

Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Culp's Hill was occupied originally on the nightfall of July 1, 1863, by troops of the Union Army, along with neighboring Cemetery Hill, as a rallying point from the retreat following the Confederate victory that day north and west of town. Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell had discretionary orders to seize the heights south of town, and he believed that Culp's Hill was unoccupied and therefore a good target, one that would make the Union position on Cemetery Hill untenable. His third division, under Maj. Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson, had just arrived on the battlefield, and Johnson was ordered to take the hill if he had not already done so.

Johnson did not take Culp's Hill. He sent a small party to reconnoiter, and they encountered the 7th Indiana Infantry of the I Corps, part of Brig. Gen. James S. Wadsworth's division, which had been in the rear guarding the corps trains and was now linked up with the Iron Brigade, digging in following their fierce battle on Seminary Ridge. Johnson's party was taken by surprise and almost taken prisoner before fleeing.

Ewell's failure to take Culp's Hill or Cemetery Hill that evening is considered one of the great missed opportunities of the battle. Another reason for his reluctance to proceed was intelligence that Union troops were approaching from the east on the Hanover Road. This was the vanguard of the XII Corps under Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum. If those troops had arrived at the wrong time, Ewell's flank would have been turned.

Second day
By mid-morning of July 2, 1863, the XII Corps arrived and fortified the hill. Brig. Gen. George S. Greene, who at 62 was the oldest Union general on the field, was a brigade commander in the division of Maj. Gen. John W. Geary. As a civil engineer before the war, he had a natural understanding of the value of defensive works. His division and corps commanders did not believe they would be stationed at Culp's Hill very long and did not share his enthusiasm for constructing breastworks, but they did not oppose his efforts. He set his troops to the task of felling trees and collecting rocks and earth to create very effective defensive positions.

The Union defensive positions on July 2 began in the north with artillery batteries on Stevens's Knoll, followed by Wadsworth's division of the I Corps, Greene's New York brigade in positions running north to south on the upper slope, and the brigade of Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Kane connecting to Greene's line behind breastworks on the lower slope. Behind these front lines were, from left to right, the brigades of Col. Charles Candy, Col. Archibald L. McDougall, Col. Silas Colgrove, and Brig. Gen. Henry H. Lockwood, extending past Spangler's Spring and through McAllister's Woods. (The latter three brigades were from the XII Corps division of Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger, who was filling in for Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams, temporarily in corps command.)

That morning, Confederate General Robert E. Lee ordered attacks on both ends of the Union line. Lt. Gen. James Longstreet attacked with his First Corps on the Union left (Little Round Top, Devil's Den, the Wheatfield). Ewell and the Second Corps were assigned the mission of launching a simultaneous demonstration against the Union right, a minor attack that was intended to distract and pin down the Union defenders against Longstreet. Ewell was to exploit any success his demonstration might achieve by following up with a full-scale attack at his discretion.

Ewell began his demonstration at 4 p.m. upon hearing the sound of Longstreet's guns to the south. For three hours, he chose to limit his demonstration to an artillery barrage from Benner's Hill, about a mile (1,600 m) to the northeast. But despite this demonstration, Ewell did not hold the attention of Army of the Potomac commander, Maj. Gen. George G. Meade. Meade was occupied with the fierce fighting on his left flank and was scrambling to send as many reinforcements as possible. He ordered Slocum to send the XII Corps in support. It is unclear whether he ordered the entire corps or instructed Slocum to leave one brigade behind, but the latter is what Slocum did, and Greene's brigade was left with the sole responsibility for defending Culp's Hill.

Greene extended his line to the right to cover part of the lower slope, but his 1,400 men would be dangerously overextended if a Confederate attack came. They were only able to form a single battle line, without reserves. Only three of the five brigades of Union troops that were dispatched from the hill saw combat. The remainder of Geary's division marched down the Baltimore Pike and missed a key right hand turn. By the time they realized where they were, the crisis on the Union left flank and center had subsided.

Around 7 pm (19:00), as dusk began to fall, and the Confederate assaults on the Union left and center were slowing, Ewell chose to begin his main infantry assault. He sent three brigades (4,700 men) from the division of Maj. Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson across Rock Creek and up the eastern slope of Culp's Hill. The brigades were, from left to right, those of Brig. Gen. George H. Steuart, Col. Jesse M. Williams (Nicholl's Brigade), and Brig. Gen. John M. Jones. The Stonewall Brigade, under Brig. Gen. James A. Walker, had been dispatched earlier in the day to screen the Confederate left flank to the east of Rock Creek. Although Johnson ordered Walker join the dusk assault, he was unable to do so as the Stonewall Brigade sparred with Union cavalry under Brig. Gen. David M. Gregg for control of Brinkerhoff's Ridge.

As the fighting started, Greene sent for reinforcements from the I Corps and XI Corps to his left. Wadsworth was able to send three regiments, and Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard on Cemetery Hill was able to send four—altogether 750 men, who served as Greene's reserve and help to restore dwindling supplies of ammunition.

On the Confederate right flank, Jones's brigade of Virginians had the most difficult terrain to cross, the steepest part of Culp's Hill. As they scrambled through the woods and up the rocky slope, they were shocked at the strength of the Union breastworks on the crest. Their charges were beaten off with relative ease by the 60th New York, which suffered very few casualties. Confederate casualties were high, including General Jones, who was wounded and left the field. One of the New York officers wrote "without breastworks our line would have been swept away in an instant by the hailstorm of bullets and the flood of men."

In the center, Nicholls's Louisiana brigade had a similar experience to Jones's. The attackers were essentially invisible in the dark except for brief instances when they fired, but the defensive works were impressive, and the 78th and 102nd New York regiments suffered few casualties in a fight that lasted four hours.

Steuart's regiments on the left occupied the empty breastworks on the lower hill and felt their way in the darkness toward Greene's right flank. The Union defenders waited nervously, watching as the flashes of the Confederate rifles drew near. But as they approached, Greene's men delivered a withering fire. The 3rd North Carolina "reeled and staggered like a drunken man."

Two regiments on Steuart's left, the 23rd and 10th Virginia, outflanked the works of the 137th New York. Like the fabled 20th Maine of Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain on Little Round Top earlier that afternoon, Col. David Ireland of the 137th New York found himself on the extreme end of the Union army, fending off a strong flanking attack. Under heavy pressure, the New Yorkers were forced back to occupy a traversing trench that Greene had engineered facing south. They essentially held their ground and protected the flank, but they lost almost a third of their men in doing so. Because of the darkness and Greene's brigade's heroic defense, Steuart's men did not realize that they had almost unlimited access to the main line of communication for the Union army, the Baltimore Pike, only 600 yards to their front. Ireland and his men prevented a huge disaster from befalling Meade's army, although they never received the publicity that their colleagues from Maine enjoyed.

In the confusion of fighting in the dark, the 1st North Carolina, brought up from the reserves, fired on the Confederate 1st Maryland Battalion by mistake. (In Gettysburg National Military Park, the monument to this battalion refers to the "2nd Maryland" so that it would not be confused with the two Union regiments named 1st Maryland in Lockwood's brigade. The 1st and 2nd Maryland Regiments were also composed of the same men and officers, the "1st" Maryland having been disbanded in 1862 and subsequently reformed a few months later. The designation "2nd" was not official by the time of Gettysburg and was only used by the men as a moniker and not used in official documents.)

During the heat of the fighting, the sound of battle reached II Corps commander Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock on Cemetery Ridge, who immediately sent additional reserve forces. The 71st Pennsylvania filed in to assist the 137th New York on Greene's right.

By the time the rest of the XII Corps returned late that night, Confederate troops had occupied some of the Union defensive line on the southeastern slope of the hill, near Spangler's Spring. This caused considerable confusion as the Union troops stumbled in the dark to find enemy soldiers in the positions they had vacated. Gen. Williams did not want to continue this confused fight, so he ordered his men to occupy the open field in front of the woods and wait for daylight. While Steuart's brigade maintained a fragile hold on the lower heights, Johnson's other two brigades were pulled off the hill, also to wait for daylight. Geary's men returned to reinforce Greene. Both sides prepared to attack at dawn.

Third day
On July 3, 1863, General Lee's plan was to renew his attacks by coordinating the action on Culp's Hill with another attack by Longstreet and A.P. Hill against Cemetery Ridge. Longstreet was not ready for an early attack, and the Union forces on Culp's Hill did not accommodate Lee by waiting. At dawn, five Union batteries opened fire on Steuart's brigade in the positions they had captured and kept them pinned down for 30 minutes before a planned attack by two of Geary's brigades. However, the Confederates beat them to the punch. An attempt by Lee to hold off the start of the fighting was fruitless. Ewell sent back a terse reply by messenger: "Too late to recall." Fighting continued until late in the morning and consisted of three attacks by Johnson's men, each a failure. The attacks were essentially a replay of those the previous evening, although in daylight.

Since the fighting had stopped the previous night, the XI Corps units had been reinforced by additional troops from the I Corps and VI Corps. Ewell had reinforced Johnson with additional brigades from the division of Maj. Gen. Robert E. Rodes, under Brig. Gens. Junius Daniel and William "Extra Billy" Smith and Col. Edward A. O'Neal. These additional forces were insufficient to deal with the strong Union defensive positions. Greene repeated a tactic he had used the previous evening: he rotated regiments in and out of the breastworks while they reloaded, enabling them to keep up a high rate of fire.

In the final of the three Confederate attacks, around 10 am (10:00), Walker's Stonewall Brigade and Daniel's North Carolina brigade assaulted Greene from the east, while Steuart's brigade advanced over the open field toward the main hill against the brigades of Candy and Kane, which did not have the advantage of strong breastworks to fight behind. Nevertheless, both attacks were beaten back with heavy losses. The attacks against the heights were again fruitless, and superior use of artillery on the open fields to the south made the difference there.

The 1st Maryland Potomac Home Brigade (despite its name, a regiment of inexperienced recruits) was badly shot up struggling for a stone wall crossing the open field parallel to the line of works. Geary replaced them with the 147th Pennsylvania of Candy's brigade, which charged successfully, giving the field the name "Pardee Field" after the Pennsylvanians' Lt. Col. Ario Pardee Jr.

The end of the fighting came near noon, with a futile attack by two Union regiments near Spangler's Spring. General Slocum, observing from the distant Powers Hill, believing that the Confederates were faltering, ordered Ruger to retake the works they had captured. Ruger passed the order to Silas Colgrove's brigade, and it was misinterpreted to mean a direct frontal assault on the Confederate position. The two regiments selected for the assault, the 2nd Massachusetts and the 27th Indiana, consisted of a total of 650 men against the 1,000 Confederates behind the works with about 100 yards (100 meters) of open field in front. When Lt. Col. Charles Mudge of the 2nd Massachusetts heard the order, he insisted that the officer repeat it: "Well, it is murder, but it's the order." The two regiments attacked in sequence with the Massachusetts men in front, and they were both repelled with terrific losses: 43% of the Massachusetts soldiers, 32% of the Hoosiers. General Ruger spoke of the misconstrued order as "one of those unfortunate occurrences that will happen in the excitement of battle".

Despite receiving reinforcements and attempting his assaults again, Johnson was repulsed with terrible losses from one end of his line to the other. Colonel O'Neal wrote that his brigade "charged time and again up to their works but were every time compelled to retire. Many gallant men were lost." The losses at Culp's Hill included approximately 2,000 men in Johnson's division, nearly a third. An additional 800 fell from the reinforcing brigades on July 3. The XII corps lost about 1,000 men over both days, including 300 men in Greene's brigade, or one fifth. Alpheus Williams summed up the futility of this fighting: "The wonder is that the rebels persisted so long in an attempt that the first half hour must have told them was useless."

One of the sad stories of the war involved the Culp family. Henry Culp, the owner of Culp's Hill, was the cousin of Esais Culp, the father of John Wesley Culp and William Culp. Wesley joined the Confederate States Army (the 2nd Virginia Infantry) and William the Union Army (the 87th Pennsylvania Infantry). Wesley's regiment fought at Culp's Hill and he was killed in the fighting on or near Henry Culp's property on July 3. Ironically, he allegedly was carrying a message from another soldier, a boyhood friend and Gettysburg native John Skelly, just deceased, to "Ginnie" Wade, the only civilian killed during the battle. His brother William was not present at Gettysburg and survived the war, but William Culp seemed to have regarded his brother as a traitor, and never spoke of him again.

Aftermath
Culp's Hill became a prime tourist attraction after the battle. It was close to the town and, unlike most battles in open fields, it was heavily wooded and the extreme firepower took a very visible toll on the trees, some of which were completely sheared off. Geary's division alone on July 3 reported that they expended 227,000 rounds. It took over twenty years before the scars of battle faded and nature reclaimed the breastworks.

Today, Culp's Hill is unoccupied except for numerous monuments and an observation tower, all maintained by the U.S. National Park Service as part of the Gettysburg National Military Park.

title: Culp's Hill


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XHLO-FM

XHLO-FM is a radio station in Chihuahua City, Chihuahua, Mexico. It broadcasts on 100.9 FM and carries the Exa FM format from MVS Radio.

AM history
XELO was originally the call sign of a border-blaster radio station licensed to the Tijuana / Rosarito area of Baja California, Mexico. At different times, these same call letters were also assigned to other Mexican stations based in Nogales, Sonora, and Piedras Negras, Coahuila.

On October 25, 1976, the XELO call sign returned, this time to Chihuahua, on a new 1 kW daytimer, XELO-AM. By the time the 1990s rolled around, the station had upgraded its power to 5 kW day and .5 kW night. The station moved to FM in 2011.

In 2013, the 1010 AM frequency was shut down.

title: XHLO-FM


text: Category:High schools in Minnesota

title: Category:High schools in Minnesota


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title: Category:Education in Minnesota


text: User talk:64.228.192.161

title: User talk:64.228.192.161


text:
User talk:JoergenF

Wiedergutmachung
I removed them because Wikipedia is not the place to editorialize. I assumed you are from Stormfront because everyone knows they are trying to organize themselves against Wikipedia, and this seems like the sort of thing they would write. If it's just a coincidence, well it doesn't matter, most of what you wrote was still inappropriate. Adam Bishop 20:40, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, no, I assure you I am not from any special group. I don't even know that name.  If I editorialized, is because I am new to Wikipedia and haven't learned all the details.  Sorry about that.  I will learn how to write proper articles, but please do not delete in a way that would be like censorship.  Thank you.  --JoergenF 20:43, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Could you please reply to some questions on Talk:Wiedergutmachung? Thanks, silsor 21:18, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

Wenn die Deutschen 6 Mill. Juden "vergasen" konnten (1941-44), obwohl nur 3 Mill. im Zugriffsbereich der Deutschen waren, dann mehr als 5 Mill. "Opfer" Wiedergutmachung verlangen können, dann gibt es auch einen Weihnachtsmann. ;) --Martin2000 08:41, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:JoergenF