text:
Talk:Mishneh Torah

Untitled
It should be noted that the Yale series has a separate volume 3b, for Sanctification of the Moon.

The Kapach edition should also be discussed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.139.142.18 (talk) 12:42, 2006 April 7 (UTC)

Finding English Translations
I know that there is at least one other English language translation of the Mishneh Torah under way. I'll try to find details on it and add it to the article. RK 23:29, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * I added info on the Moznaim translation. Something should be mentioned of the recently-completed Frankel edition (Hebrew) and what it added. Avi-Gil Chaitovsky 13:59, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I am just starting to study parts of Mishnah Torah with my Rabbi, and as I do not know Hebrew yet, I would really like to find a reasonably sized and priced English Translation at least of the main text. The online translation projects look promising, but are just getting started, and I can not seam to find a published version as such. Are Frankel and Yale the only English hard-copies available. 17:06, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Editing the Article
I keep trying to add info about Mori Yosef Gafahh (Kapach)'s commentary and edition of the Mishneh Torah as well as a small amount of information about the fact that his community represent a remnant of those who have continued to keep Jewish Law according to the Mishneh Torah -- but someone keeps deleting the information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.33.118.229 (talk) 18:46, 2006 September 15 (UTC)

Data for intro needed!
Where did Rambam write the Mishneh Torah?

NB the hebrew name for this work: משנה תורה. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.199.118.237 (talk) 02:56, 2006 January 20 (UTC)

 * In Egypt. JFW | T@lk  21:45, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Misreading of Source?
The citation of Responsum 140 is completely incorrect; Maimonides never says anything about having lectured on Talmud or Alfasi. He is describing what his student, Ibn Aknin, should be or has been doing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.101.74.162 (talk) 23:53, 2006 May 11 (UTC)

Yemenites
Someone keeps on adding that some are reverting to the Yad as the main source of Halacha, especially Yemenites. There is no source provided, the section uses partisan (non-standard) spelling and terminology, and cannot presently be included. JFW | T@lk  08:55, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I noticed that too and took a look. This is the one of the problems with the demand for "sourcing": Things which are common knowledge in some groups, but are not things that have been extensively written about (especially not on the internet), but which others are unaware of. I've noticed that people frequently demand sources for things they know little about, while letting things remained entirely unsourced for things that are well known to them...

 * In this case, it is common knowledge in religious circles in Israel. Rav Kafah was a highly respected figure in the official rabbinate, as is his student Rav Arusi (they both sat on the governing board of the Rabbanut), and their followers indeed have a movement for Yemenites to "go back" to the Mishneh Torah. Where can one find net links on this? I have no idea. With some library time I could probably find published references, but it's certainly not something I have the time and resources for at the moment. But once again, this is common knowledge in yeshiva circles in Israel (Religious Zionist ones). I suggest, instead of removing the information (which is entirely correct), that a template requesting sources be added, as well as a note on the anon's user page. Maybe the anon knows of some web links. The phenomenon is certainly important enough for its own section in the article.

 * As for the spelling, I don't want to open that Pandora's box :) I find it hard to see Wikipedia's spelling as "standard" either, but there will never be any perfect solution to this... Dovi 11:49, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

Right on target Dovi. I'm the individual who has been adding the small section despite continuous deletions. Again, very well put. In each posting, by the way, I have included a link to an online translation of Mori Gafaḥ's intro to his commentary and text of the Mishneh Torah. If one would simply click that link he/she would find it. Along with the link I provided are a few links that someone else had already added at the bottom of the page - one is to www.mechon-mamre.org which also has information on Mori Gafaḥ as well as a text of the Mishneh Torah largely in line with the Yemenite texts along with the same website being of the perspective of keeping halakha al pe Mishneh Torah. The other link previously existing at the bottom of the article is a link to http://ronware.org/ This site is very unashamedly pro-Mishneh Torah l'maaseh (see http://ronware.org/rambam/ ). Concerning strange spelling, I assume you're referring to my writing Shulḥan Arukh as opposed to Shulchan Aruch and Mori Gafaḥ as opposed to Rabbi Kapach. The main reason for this is accuracy. Although others may disagree, I personally would rather be accurate and correct than inaccurate and inline with 'mainstream.' The definition of 'mainstream' varies according to who one asks anyway. I mainly write Mori Gafaḥ as opposed to Kapach because Gafaḥ is both a closer representation of how his students refer to him and closer to proper Hebrew pronunciation of his name. The same reason is true with 'Shulhhan Arukh.' Experts in transliteration usually represent the letter Heth (Ches) by writing an H with a dot underneath it; if they are unable to do so, they usually double an h (hh). I doubled the h because I didn't know how to put a dot under the h, though now I think I've figured out how to do that. Also notice that while I write Mori Gafaḥ I also included the pronunciation more popular with those who are not his students (Kapach). In short, I would understand if you guys want to change Shulḥan Arukh to Shulchan Arukh due to the latter being more familiar to most, although it would be less accurate. I would, however, be against deleting Gafaḥ altogether and only putting Kapach. We could write something like, 'Rav Kapach, better known as Mori Gafaḥ among his students, ...'

As for sources for proof that Mori Gafaḥ exists or that Rav Rasson Arusi exists...... what do you want? Their addresses? I can even give you Rav Rasson Arusi's home phone number if you want (though I'm not gonna do that). And just as pointed out by Dovi, why isn't the same level of sources required for Rav Shach or Rav Meir Simcha? Is it because they are such great rabbis that their names are expected to be known? Well, exactly. And for the students of Rav Gafaḥ, Rav Gafaḥ is no different. I can understand, in all honesty, that many 'mainstream' non-Yemenites may not be aware of Rav Gafaḥ, but I think this is largely due to a sad state of affairs. That state of affairs, in my opinion, is NOT so much that 'O he was such a great rabbi, how could anyone be ignorant of him' or something like that,' but rather more in line with the sad reality that our people unfortunately have acquainted themselves with a sense that they are many 'peoples'/'nations'/'torahs' under one term: am Yisroel. May we all fully return to HASHEM in upholding His Torah with humility, longing for truth with objectivity and reason, and with love. -- http://sagavyah.tripod.com

UPDATE I've added more references.... but you should know that there's no way absolutely prove something to people with just a few words. If they want to be certain of a matter then they must look into it for themselves to become certain. Additionally -- did no one notice the demand at the top of the discussion page where someone posted about Mori Gafahh (Kapach)? Someone at the very top says that "the Kapach edition should also be discussed." Seems to me that what I've been trying to add has been asked for since the discussion page opened. One more bit of info if you want: 5351119 is the Israeli number to Halikhoth Ahm Yisroel's office. Hope this helped ;) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.226.187.90 (talk) 18:01, 2006 September 17 (UTC)

 * OK, with sources this becomes a lot easier to verify for factuality. Please don't expect us to phone people. If you'd like your contributions to gain hold, then sourcing is probably one of the most important attributes (it flows, actually, from our tradition to state everything beshem omro). Sources need not be online - a book, newspaper article, journal article or even radio broadcast may be sufficient in many cases.
 * I agree that certain parts of the article require better sourcing, but then Wikipedia already has articles on both Reb Meir Simcha and Rav Schach, which are themselves pretty well sourced.
 * With regards to spelling: most English readers are intimidated by excessive diacritics (see heavy metal umlaut), and in my view Modern Hebrew transcription with minimal extras (e.g. apostrophes) should be used. I'm Western Ashkenaz myself, and if I were to write my own encyclopedia I'd use my own pronunciation (which bears remarkable similarities with the Yemenite one) but we're working for the general (often even non-Jewish) public here. JFW | T@lk  19:23, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm trying to make the section on Yemenites and Maimonideans more understandable to the average person by changing "Rav" to Rabbi, as well as referring to Dor Daim -- which is the specific term which many use to refer to Yemenites who usually more strictly go by the Mishneh Torah. The same term Dor Daim is sometimes incorrectly applied to all who strictly keep halakha according to the Mishneh Torah.  These are important things to know.  Additionally, I added links directly to Rabbi Rasson Arusi's website so that one can see it for himself -- and even a picture of him..... thought this would be something you guys would want -- a reference.. but am I wrong?  Why was this deleted?  - Yosef in Jerusalem — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.179.234.70 (talk) 13:56, 2006 October 5 (UTC)

It's a bit tiring. How large is this movement you are devoting so much space to? Why do you insist on using Hebrew terminology in an article aimed at the non-Jewish public (e.g. halacha le-maaseh - I understand what this means but Trev in London and Hank in Vermont do not). JFW | T@lk  22:33, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

First of all, it's not really a movement in the sense of something new, such as the Breslov and Chabad movements which are part of the Hasidic movement. For some reason Hasidism isn't usually called a movement anymore, while those who keep Jewish law according to the Mishneh Torah are called a movement, eventhough they are much more historically established than the Hasidic movement. (See http://www.chayas.com/tamirfolder/ramtemenglish.htm for historical testimonies; more references are given in the Hebrew version of the same article.) What it is is the preservation of the way Yemenite Jews traditionally kept Jewish law and the way practically all Middle Eastern Jews kept Jewish law up unto whenever the Shulhhan Arukh or kabbalistic teachings reached their particular communities. I think it is VERY important to devout a few short paragraphs to the only community in existence today which represents the fulfillment of Maimonides purpose for writing the Mishneh Torah. No other community of Jews today use the Mishneh Torah in the manner that Maimonides intended it to be used. I added a short 3rd paragraph to give a little documentation and references because people kept demanding very specific references. I didn't realize 3 short paragraphs is so much space in an article that devouts way more than 3 short paragraphs to information about Jewish groups which don't at all use the Mishneh Torah in the way that the Mishneh Torah itself states [in its introduction] that it is intended to be used. I also don't see the problem with my using Hebrew terminology only one time in those 3 paragraphs when 1) Hebrew terminology is used much more than just once throughout the article [teshuva/responsia, etc..] 2) because this is an article which concerns the Hebrew people and it should therefore be expected that at least a little Hebrew terminology be used when called for -- if someone is looking so deeply into Hebraic topics that he came upon the article Mishneh Torah which itself is an untranslated Hebrew term, it would be useful for him to be aware of important terms commonly transliterated into English when discussing matters of Jewish law.. and 3) Trev and Hank can read the explanation of the term halakha L'ma'aseh given immediately after the Hebrew term in parenthesis (practical application of Jewish law) the same way that they can do so when they come across the word teshuvot (responsia), Madda (knowledge), Ahava (love), etc... I hope this helps a little.

can i suggest making a refence to Machon Mamre in the 'present day' section of the article. the 'about' section of the Machon Mamre site clearly defines their objective (which is to live by the Mishneh Torah), and they are experts in the field. it should be mentioned aswell, that Yemenites do not follow the Ramabam 100%, but that's for another time. however, there is a growing and substantial community of "Rambam purists", or "Talmidei shel Rambam" if you prefer. as for sources concerning Rav Arusi and Rav Kapach, see chayas.com. - adam

Although not all Yemenite Jews strive to go purely according to the Mishneh Torah, I think it is inaccurate to say that there are absolutely no Yemenite Jews who try to do so; and regarding the large percentage of Yemenite Jews who do not necessarily go purely/strictly according to the Mishneh Torah, -- in comparison to the vast majority of the religious Jewish world ... one may say that they do go by the Mishneh Torah, at least relative to most others. /omedyashar — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.179.246.215 (talk) 00:59, 2006 October 18 (UTC)

Article needs to be rewritten and properly sourced.
I think I might register and rewrite this article some time in the next three months. 89.138.123.192 (talk) 18:00, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Can't wait —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.203.64.233 (talk) 19:35, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

I would love to know the reference for the letter to Yosef ben ha-rav Yehudah. I need it for an essay. If anyone knows could they let me know on this page? thanks —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.156.180.150 (talk) 17:48, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

How do you pronounce this?
Is "Mishneh Torah" pronounced as [mɪʃnε tɔrɑ] or [mɪʃnεh tɔrɑh]? Maybe this is obvious to those of you who speak Hebrew (or Arabic? Are there cognates for these two words?), but I don't (yet, anyway). Kragen Javier Sitaker (talk) 21:37, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

Yonah Gerondi
Wasn't it the Moreh Nebuchim, rather than the Mishneh Torah, that Yonah Gerondi had burnt? --Sir Myles na Gopaleen (the da) (talk) 10:00, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

Who uses Mishneh Torah to be less kabbalistic?
I question the phrase "a desire for keeping Torah in a way that, from their perspective, is more in line with historical Talmudic Judaism, more rational, and less influenced by Kabbalistic innovations" in the section on present day practice. To my knowledge, no group exists that supports stricter adherence to tradition using the rulings of the Mishneh Torah, and is at the same time opposed to following tradition as expressed in the Kabbala. Those who oppose the authority of the Kabbala generally oppose the authority of the rest of Jewish traditions as well. Although Maimonides is generally categorized as a rationalist amongst Jewish thinkers, his works are very much in line with the mystics (aka kabbalists) and often quoted extensively in later kabbalistic liturature. It is often those that are more in line with kabbalistic practice that put a greater emphasis on study of the Mishneh Torah, such as Chabad Hasidim mentioned in the article. If no citation can be provided, this statement needs to be removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.29.246.211 (talk) 19:37, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Mishneh Torah


text:
User talk:Fakeblueeyesss

don't post nonsense. RickK 23:29, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Fakeblueeyesss


text:
P900

P900 may refer to:

 * Sony Ericsson P900, a Symbian OS v7.0 based smartphone
 * Nikon Coolpix P900, a superzoom digital bridge camera

title: P900


text:
Nelson Briles

Nelson Kelley Briles (August 5, 1943 – February 13, 2005) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. A hard thrower whose best pitch was a slider, he exhibited excellent control. Briles batted and threw right-handed. He was a starting pitcher on World Series champions with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1967 and Pittsburgh Pirates in 1971.

St. Louis Cardinals
Born in Dorris, California, he grew up in Chico, California where he played baseball at Chico Senior High School. He met his wife, Ginger Briles, in their high school musical, Damn Yankees. He then played baseball at Santa Clara University (1961-1963) before signing with the St. Louis Cardinals as an amateur free agent in 1963. He spent just one season in their farm system before joining the Cards in 1965.

Though used primarily as a starting pitcher in 1964 with the Tulsa Oilers, Briles pitched out of the bullpen upon his arrival in the majors. He was 1–2 with a 3.29 earned run average and one save as a relief pitcher when he made his first start on September 25 against the Los Angeles Dodgers. Though he pitched well (seven innings, one earned run), he was out-pitched by Sandy Koufax, and lost his first major league start. He was far less effective in his next start (six earned runs in seven innings pitched), however managed to win that one thanks to the nineteen runs his Cardinals teammates put on the board.

Briles suffered through a hard luck 1966 season, going 4-15 despite a relatively modest 3.21 ERA. He was 4–3 with a 3.55 ERA and six saves in 1967 when an injury to Bob Gibson (a broken leg suffered at the hands of a Roberto Clemente line drive) forced him into the starting rotation. He lost two of his first three starts, but then won his last nine decisions to end the season at 14–5 with a National League leading .737 winning percentage (the Cardinals also won his two no-decisions during that stretch). His 2.43 ERA was also best on the Cardinals staff.

The Cards finished the season at 101–60 to cruise into the World Series. Facing the Boston Red Sox, Briles was tabbed as the game three starter. Triple crown winner Carl Yastrzemski emerged as the game two hero for the Bosox with two home runs and four runs batted in. After the loss, Cardinals manager Red Schoendienst commented to the media that Red Sox starter Jim Lonborg was brushing back Cardinal hitters. In Yastrzemski's first at-bat in game three, Briles hit him on the calf with a pitch causing an argument at home plate between the two teams' managers. From there, Briles held Yastrzemski hitless on his way to a 5-2 complete game victory. He also pitched two scoreless innings in game six.

Briles won his first four starts of 1968 to bring his winning streak to thirteen games (14 including the post-season). He won a career high nineteen games with a career high 141 strikeouts that year to establish himself as a legitimate number two starter behind Gibson. The World Champion Cardinals returned to the World Series in to face the Detroit Tigers. Briles made the game two start against Mickey Lolich, and gave up four earned runs in five plus innings to take the loss. Paired up against Lolich again for game five, Briles left the game in the seventh inning with a 3–2 lead and a runner on first. The bullpen, however, was unable to hold the lead.

Briles went 15–13 with a 3.52 ERA in 1969 as the Cards slumped to fourth place in the newly formed National League East. He left in the third inning of his May 12, 1970 start against the Philadelphia Phillies with a pulled muscle in his right leg. He tried pitching through the injury, but was ineffective, and placed on the disabled list for the first time in his career on June 13. He was never able to regain form, and ended the season at 6–7 with a 6.24 ERA. Just as pitchers and catchers were reporting the following season, he and Vic Davalillo were sent to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Matty Alou and George Brunet.

Pittsburgh Pirates
Briles spent most of his first season in Pittsburgh in the bullpen, however, was added to the starting rotation in September. Though he pitched very well, (3-1 with two shutouts, a complete game and a 1.74 ERA) he did not make an appearance in the 1971 National League Championship Series against the San Francisco Giants. He did, however, earn a game five start in the 1971 World Series against the Baltimore Orioles. With the series tied at two games apiece, Briles pitched a brilliant two-hitter to carry the eventual World Champions to a 3–2 series lead. He also drove in a run with a second inning single. He pitched three seasons for the Pirates, going 36–28 with a 2.98 ERA.

Briles, who studied drama at Santa Clara, became just as famous off the field in Pittsburgh with a nightclub act in which he sang and told jokes. Perhaps the second most memorable moment of his time with the Pirates had to do with hockey rather than baseball. On his way to training camp in Bradenton, Florida in 1972, Briles made a pit stop at a hockey game between the St. Louis Blues and Boston Bruins. Between periods, Blues radio broadcaster Dan Kelly interviewed Briles. Comments Briles made about Pittsburgh sports fans and the Pittsburgh Penguins were deemed insulting by Pittsburgh fans. He denied most of the quotes attributed to him and claimed that his words were misconstrued. His last act while a member of the Pirates was singing "The Star-Spangled Banner" prior to Game 4 of the 1973 World Series.

Kansas City Royals
He was traded with Fernando González to the Kansas City Royals for Kurt Bevacqua, Ed Kirkpatrick and minor league first baseman Winston Cole at the Winter Meetings in Houston on December 4, 1973. Shortly after the trade, Briles released the single "Hey Hank" b/w "Soft the Summer Wind Blows" on Capitol Records. "Hey Hank" was the pitcher's plea to Hank Aaron that he try to hit home run number 715 off somebody else (though Briles was now in the American League). Briles suffered set back after set back with the Royals. Just as the 1974 season was set to begin, he was placed on the disabled list with a sore right knee. After two appearances, he reinjured the knee, requiring surgery.

Likewise, his 1975 season was hampered by injuries. After missing the entire month of June, he returned on the Fourth of July, but was forced to leave his first game back with soreness in his elbow. He was forced out of his final start of the season on September 1 after three innings when his knee began acting up again. After the season, he was traded to the Texas Rangers for second baseman Dave Nelson.

Texas Rangers, Baltimore Orioles
Briles returned healthy to make 31 starts for the Rangers in 1976. With a staff that also included Hall of Famers Gaylord Perry and Bert Blyleven, Rangers pitching kept them in first or near first place in the American League West through May. However, they ended the season at 76–86, and in fourth place. For his part, Briles went 11–9 with a 3.26 ERA to be named the team's "Pitcher of the Year."

With Doyle Alexander and Dock Ellis added to the starting rotation in 1977, Briles was relegated to the bullpen and fifth starter duties. He was claimed off waivers by the Baltimore Orioles on September 19.

Briles' 1978 season with the Orioles was also hampered with injuries. Even when healthy, he was used very sparingly by Orioles manager Earl Weaver (54.1 innings pitched, by far a career low). He was released by the Orioles on January 17, 1979.

Career stats
Briles had good reason to record "Hey Hank." Aaron had six career home runs off Briles in 67 at-bats, second only to Willie McCovey with seven.

Personal life
Nelson Briles met his future wife, Mary "Ginger" Briles through their high school musical, Damn Yankees. Briles was an avid hunter and would frequently travel for hunting. One of his more notable shots was a moose in Canada. He lived with his family in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. He was an avid lover of old movies and jazz music. Briles also enjoyed opera and was known to sing it while riding the gondolas in Disney World.

Retirement
After being released by the Orioles, Briles spent Spring training 1979 with the New York Mets. Though he failed to make the club, he appears in a Saturday Night Live skit featuring actual Mets players. Fictional Dominican second baseman Chico Escuela (portrayed by Garrett Morris) was also with the Mets that Spring attempting to make a comeback at 41 years old. However, he was feeling some resistance from his teammates as his tell-all book about his playing days with the Mets, Bad Stuff 'Bout the Mets, had just hit bookstores. Briles commented that he could not forgive Escuela for writing such a book.

Following his retirement as a player, Briles worked as a television color commentator for the Pirates, Seattle Mariners, and USA Network. He joined the Pirates' front office in 1986 as director of corporate sales. He founded the Pittsburgh Pirates Alumni Association, and was also the director of the team's annual fantasy camp.

Briles collapsed and died of an apparent heart attack in Orlando, Florida, while participating in the annual Pirates alumni golf tournament. He was 61. He was survived by his wife of forty years, Ginger, and their four children, Kelley, David, Christina and Sarah, as well as his 10 grandchildren.

title: Nelson Briles


text:
Talk:Greek diacritics

Merger
I've merged in the material from Polytonic Greek orthography including the "attention" template, which can possibly now be removed, unless anyone things that it still needs a lot more work. rossb 23:30, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I've now taken the liberty of removing the "attention" template, not to say that this article is now finished, but I think it's not in too bad shape. rossb 05:47, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Katharevousa and Dhimotiki
There was some confusion in the existing article between polytonic/monotonic and Katharevousa/Dhimotiki. Both Katharevousa and Dhimotiki were written with polytonic. Also, there was a quick comment on why monotonic was adopted (polytonic too difficult for students), but I don't think it belongs here. If anything, they belong in a History section of the monotonic article, with some reference to the 1982 debates.--Macrakis 16:20, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

consistency issue?
I see that the perispoméni is used in the comparison of the versions of "the Lord's prayer", but that elsewhere a tilde is used. Any rationale for this? ^^^^ oops! (little joke there..sorry...it's late...) Tomer TALK  06:45, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

It is clumsy to use the polytonic template everywhere, so it is not being used consistently. This means that the same character may be rendered with different fonts in different places. I suppose this could be fixed by using the polytonic template everywhere (which would be horribly ugly and bulky), though I'd rather find a better technical solution. --Macrakis 03:59, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Just to expand on the above, different fonts display the perispoméni in different ways — some as a circumflex, some as a tilde. If no font is specified, some browsers will not display polytonic characters at all, hence the need to specify a font. The approved way of doing this in Wikipedia is to use the Polytonic template, but in the case of the Lord's Prayer it is done by specifying the font directly (converting this to use the template would be possible but tedious because of the layout). The Polytonic template has recently been altered, and now uses a different font to that specified for the Lord's Prayer. Depending on what browser you use, you may see things differently. rossb 04:33, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Transliteration
Changing transliteration of eta from i to e or ē. Discussion? Septentrionalis 16:26, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It all depends on whether you regard it as Ancient or Modern Greek, as you say in the article. And indeed if transliterate as Modern Greek then Bareia should logically be Varia, but this would obscure the etymology for those who don't know Modern Greek. rossb 16:42, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The acute accent (as it appeared over the second 'i' in 'psili') was used to notate the modern pronunciation of the modern word; I think that the Alexandrian nomenclature is 'psilon pneuma', not 'psili'.  The article now has 'e' with an acute, which ought to mean the modern 'e' with a stress accent.  Perhaps this is a typo for 'e' with a macron?  This stuff is always messy... it makes sense to use transliteration using e-macron etc. for classical, and to use transcription using i-acute etc. for modern, but what about contexts like this one where both are relevant?... --Macrakis 16:47, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The discrepancy between the spellings bugged me, so I standardized on Classical transliteration, as most direct. If anyone cares, go ahead and revert. Septentrionalis 23:00, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

Rho
Certain computers (it appears to have nothing to do with choice of browser font) show Rho with rough breathing (#8172) as having a smooth breathing; other computers in the same cluster differ. Odd. Septentrionalis 17:40, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Upsilons with smooth breathings
Someone named "Apollon Zinos" has left the following (perhaps well-meaning)graffito: "I am not aware of the existence of the following polytonic characters ὐ ὔ ὒ ὖ." He's got a point, does he not? Upsilons, like Rhos, never occur with smooth breathing marks in Classical and Koine Greek, correct? (All of this formulated as a question because my Classical Greek is very rusty, and I'm hoping some more proficient users can confirm this).--Jacopone 00:46, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Nevermind--of course, upsilons do occur with smooth breathings when they are the second element of an initial dipthong (e.g. αὐ, εὐ, oὐ). My apologies...Looks in that case like it's the capital upsilons that need to be corrected. Jacopone 05:14, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
 * And there is the possibility that someone may want to discuss Ionic sometime, which doesn't aspirate at all. This article is as much for typesetters as for Hellenists. Septentrionalis 18:52, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Error in Greek
I know nothing about Greek, but by simple eye-crossing, I see that the word ὀφελήματα on the right hand side is missing the ι in οφειλήματα on the left hand side. Is this an error? — Omegatron 00:07, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

I just look at wikisource and i cut off the i.If it's incorect here think go and fix it at wikisource too.--Pixel ;-) 07:45, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * That's incorrect, it should have the iota. I've corrected wikisource and will make the corrections here too. Vilĉjo (talk) 16:54, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

Hi! In archean greek and in Katharevousa ι is needed. In Dhimotiki only is incorrect. --Vchorozopoulos (talk) 04:04, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

Polytonic vs. monotonic Greek in English articles
(moved from Talk Pages for broader input)

Hi there Hveziris! I was wondering what your view is of the use of polytonic Greek in wikipedia articles. I see you have changed the font or added polytonic Greek to a number of pages related to ancient Greece, but some like Sparta have modern relevance, too. It seems to me that using polytonic for modern Greek usage is anachronistic, since most diacritical marks were made obsolete in the 1980s. What is your view? Argos'Dad 15:35, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi, my view is that for most articles that refer to Greek words polytonic should be used. Obsoletion of marks (including daseia, which translates to a letter "H" in so-called Latin alphabet) along with other educational modernizations led increasingly to the use of atonic system (most notable in Greek media) and other side-effects such as dyslexia to little children or newer generations unable to read even 20th century literature. Major problems are, one can not figure how Ηρακλής without polytonic, for example, gave Heracles and in composite words also where anti-, for example, is used in conjuction with words starting with daseia. Ultimately, a language that can not be developed further was created. Please, bear in mind that, even after 25 years a great percentage of books is published in polytonic and because of the problems created, a small but on-going debate is on about use of polytonic again. Myself, I was instructed not to use any marks one year before high school graduation (in 1982), but still do.User talk:Hveziris

 * I appreciate your comments and your experience in this, as I am not a native speaker, but what I am getting at is this--should there be a standard for wikipedia use of monotonic and polytonic Greek. I am moving this discussion to the Talk:Polytonic orthography page for others to weigh in.

 * I guess my thought is that for ancient/Byzantine Greek topics we should use polytonic Greek and for modern Greek (post 1800 CE) we would use monotonic. I recognize that this is unsatisfying, since polytonic Greek was the standard until 1982.  However, I would also point out that katharevousa was also the standard until the 1970s? and we don't use katharevousa in articles from that era.

 * Obviously, this is a small matter as we are editing the ENGLISH not the GREEK wikipedia, but I find the occasional Greek word adds to one's understanding and therefore it warrants some attention and hopefully an agreement on a standard of some sort.Argos'Dad 14:36, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm a native speaker,and hvesiris is very pov.No dyslexia is not acuired like this,you have it or you don't have it.It's like the collor of your hair.I'm not aware of the use of atonic system,it's ither new or marginal.I can read 20th century literature,but i don't because i don't like it."Ultimately, a language that can not be developed further was created" well the move tords an atonic system isn't a development?"a great percentage of books is published in polytonic" realy? can you give a aproximate number? "a small but on-going debate" yes ,very small actully,some peopol are complaning,bur the debate was never reopened.What percentage of 20 year olds are using more then one accent?All this has nothing to do with the use of encient greek words for the etimology,it's like refering to latin.--Pixel ;-) 08:37, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

It is certainly true that some people believe that moving to monotonic was a bad idea. It would be useful to document the debate (without taking POV sides), probably in the Monotonic orthography article.

As for adding the polytonic template to all Greek words in WP, there really isn't much point. The purpose of the template is to force correct display on certain buggy browsers (notably Microsoft IE) and is only needed if polytonic characters are used, which they are not in most cases which have been edited recently.

As for whether Wikipedia should use polytonic or monotonic forms in citing Greek words, it would be nice if it used polytonic everywhere simply because it is easy to derive the monotonic form, whereas given the monotonic form, you cannot determine the polytonic form. On the other hand, the monotonic form is now the official form.... --Macrakis 13:23, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

 * My opinion is that for articles having partly or totally to do with ancient Greek or byzantine topics, polytonic should bu used. Otherwise monotonic. I also do not like very much monotonic, but it is for more than 20 years official.--Yannismarou 08:29, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

I think monotonic should be used only for after 1980 greek writings and not for the before ones. The technical issue must be sold as quickly as possoble. Greek chlldren are officialy learning polytonic too from their Grammar School (Gymnasium) and above, (from age 12 to 18). So normaly can read polytonic greek texts too. The most interesting greek literature (archean, byzantine and modern) has also been published translating in Dhimotiki and in monotonic greek. So younger greek chldren can read and understand that literature. In the same time they cannot understand achean and other old greek texts direct from their sourses, even if they knew to read polytonics, because the greek language changed much and many archean words have changed meaning, form, replaced by new or just removed from the today greek language. So, only greek (or others) who learned the archean language totaly by education can realy read and understand those texts. The now able to readed texts in Grammic A and B writing are much more difficult to be understandable too. They used many differend words for the same object and so many of them didn't continue to be used later. So greek language seems to become easier with the time, but even now is one of the most rich one in the world, with more than 5,000,000 word types counted and used in dictionary. --Vchorozopoulos (talk) 04:49, 7 November 2008 (UTC) --Vchorozopoulos (talk) 04:49, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

Characters of the Iliad
I just noticed over in the Iliad article in the /* Major characters */ section that the names of the heroes are written in monotonic - something which strikes me as absurd, but something which I can do nothing about as I do not have the technical expertise to go in and put the polytonic forms in. Anyone willing to help? --5telios 15:02, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Missing table entries
In the table of renderings of polytonic characters, all the capital letters "with circumflex" are missing. Many other entries are also missing. How come? Is it intentional? —Vivacissamamente 10:03, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

Greek polytonic as seen by the 80% of Wikipedia readers
According to these statistics, 80% of the Internet browsers in use today are Microsoft IE.

Microsoft IE version 6 or earlier does not support Greek polytonic. Effectively, approximately 80% of Browser users and Wikipedia readers cannot see Greek polytonic unless properly tagged with {{polytonic... etc.

Therefore, most Wikipedia readers see the phrase "{{lang|grc|Ἓν οἶδα ὅτι ουδὲν οἶδα}}", if not properly tagged (i.e. Ἓν οἶδα ὅτι ουδὲν οἶδα) as:

 * □ν ο□δα □τι ουδ□ν ο□δα

The solution to properly display Greek polytonic is either to use proper tags in Greek polytonic text or to upgrade to the latest browser version. --Odysses (☜) 08:51, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Personally, I think we should use polytonic for all ancient Greek words; that browser problem is very serious, as I know too well.--Aldux 15:31, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
 * If you have browser problems and you are using Microsoft IE, you might consider upgrading to IE 7. It fully supports Greek polytonic.--Odysses (☜) 17:42, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

--Vchorozopoulos (talk) 02:11, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Even with the use of {{polytonic... it doesn't show polytonics in every case, Why?
 * I saw that in greek WP have solved that problem. Why you don't ask them to tell you how to correct the problem here for all?

Politics
I reluctantly added an advocate link to this page that I deleted from Diacritics (Greek alphabet). There are two issues here, one political (the reform was allegedly introduced as a rider to an unrelated bill), the other cultural (the reform disrupts cultural continuity). Both views are POV. If at all, they should be presented in a NPOV fashion. Andreas (T) 20:38, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

Oxeia/tonos
What's the difference between these if they look the same and are used interchangeably? Also Penn U. defines it otherwise: "In polytonic Greek, tonos is a generic name for any accent mark." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.162.53.97 (talk) 21:55, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Disambiguate: Ionian
Please link Ionian to its proper article, possibly Ionia or Ionic Greek. Thank you. —Centrx→talk • 04:40, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Vote in Greek parliament
The introduction of the monotonic system late at night on Jan. 11, 1982 has been contested by some groups of being anti-constitutional on the grounds that it was a rider on a unrelated bill on admission of students to certain types of lyceums. This view is not only POV, but also it does not belong into the description of Greek diacritics because this article is not about politics. Andreas (T) 20:23, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

Hard to read!
I can't see the difference between rough and smooth breathing! The marks needs to be bigger and clearer.

 * This needs to be addressed to the Unicode Consortium for the most part. Wikipedia does its best to try and represent the clearest polytonic vowels as possible. Maybe if I type them you can see it; ἁ vs. ἀ. OK I guess that will not help much but if you click here it will bring you to the section which discusses it. Look where it says "The breathings, written on the first syllable of words that start with a vowel ..." Il  Studioso  01:55, 29 March 2009 (UTC)

 * At least as of today (01:23, 13 October 2010 (UTC)) this problem still existed in the lead section of the article. The characters were in the wikitext as Unicode constants:
 * wiki: and
 * shows: ( ῾ ) and ( ᾿ )
 * I have replaced those with the Unicode entities
 * wiki: ( &#x1ffe; ) and ( &#x1fbf; )
 * shows: ( ῾ ) and ( ᾿ )
 * which makes the distinction much more visible (at least to me...)
 * I have also removed the WP standard boldface on the diaeresis (dialytika) in the fourth paragraph, and made it <big>. The trouble there is that the Unicode Greek character sets have no separate representation of this diacritic, and the separate umlaut character (¨, U+00A8) used in this paragraph to present it -- which is probably the only way to do so -- tends to look like a macron (¯, U+00AF) when boldfaced.
 * was: ( ¨ )
 * now: ( ¨ )
 * -- Thnidu (talk) 01:23, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

Pitch of grave accent
From Smyth:

 * 155. The ancients regarded the grave originally as belonging to every syllable not accented with the acute or circumflex; and some Mss. show this in practice, e.g. πὰγκρὰτής. Later it was restricted to its use as a substitute for a final acute.

This is evidence that the grave accent represented no special pitch (perhaps mid pitch, represented by a macron in IPA?), rather than falling or low pitch as this article says. Does other evidence support the view in the article? Erutuon (talk) 21:32, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

A strange Greek diacritic in Britannica 1911
I don't really know Greek, but occasionally i proofread articles from Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911 for Wikisource, and then i try, to the best of my ability, to type Greek words.

In the article Philology (not yet completely proofread) i found a strange diacritic, which looks like vrachy, but is placed below the letter. See my comment at s:Talk:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Philology for more details. I hoped to find the answer to this problem in the article about Greek diacritics in Wikipedia, but i couldn't find it.

I would expect that vrachy, if it is used in any way in Greek writing, would be at least mentioned here.

Of course it is quite possible that the strange sign in Britannica is not vrachy, that the typesetter of Britannica made a mistake and used a sign that doesn't exist, or that the answer is very simple and i badly misunderstand something.

Thanks in advance. --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 20:39, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

 * The diacritic is an inverted breve below, used to indicate a semivowel. Iota with inverted breve below is not a single character in Unicode, but is written by adding a combining diacritic (check the external link above) to iota.

 * ι̯ represents the Proto-Indo-European y or i̯ (German and Latin j), which disappeared in Greek after causing some interesting sound changes. υ̯ is sometimes used as a replacement for ϝ (digamma), which descended from Proto-Indo-European w or u̯ and also disappeared in Greek early on. — Eru·tuon 17:04, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

Order of polytonic characters
I have proposed a different ordering for the Greek polytonic characters in the insert box below the edit box on the talk page of WikiProject Greece. --Lambiam 04:36, 19 July 2010 (UTC)

Aspiration
I had reworded the explanation of aspiration to make it less opinionated. But Cassowary perceives it as still implicitly criticizing the traditional terminology and therefore removed it. Because the terminological difference is notable, I intend to restore it, but reword it to make it even more neutral. — Eru·tuon 15:10, 18 October 2010 (UTC)

Gereek uncial
The section on Greek uncial is phrased poorly and I am not sure what it is trying to say. In the history of the latin alphabet, there is a figure (File:Evolution_of_minuscule.svg) with Greek uncial if that is of any help. --Squidonius (talk) 22:21, 25 June 2011 (UTC)

Combining character
re by Vilcxjo: Now it is a mess again for me. I have WinXP and Firefox.

But in general: a combining character needs a character to combine with. That is how it works. So I added a space (nbsp). So I suggest to accept my edit as an improvement, and research your own presentation. -DePiep (talk) 00:38, 3 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I wasn't responsible for the previous presentation, but it looked just fine - specifically, all the diacritics lined up vertically. Your edit resulted in those which had a nbsp being offset to the right of those which didn't. I'm mystified by your comment, as none of the characters in those tables are defined by Unicode as "combining characters" – they are all spacing characters. Which leads me to suppose that perhaps Firefox is doing the rendering wrongly. Vilĉjo (talk) 22:41, 5 December 2011 (UTC)
 * You are right. Over at WP:Village pump I discussed and learned. -DePiep (talk) 23:14, 5 December 2011 (UTC)

Tones for Names
Today I noticed that the person who wrote Constantine Phaulkon's name in Greek made a huge spelling mistake. Just as I was about to fix it, I began to question what to do; since he was born before 1982, so I add tone marks to his name, or should I use post 1982 Greek? Is there a rule about this on Wikipedia? Konstantinos (talk) 02:42, 20 June 2013 (UTC)
 * There is a rule for it: . The short version is that popular English forms should be provided first; Greek text should be provided; the Greek text should always be glossed; the gloss should use the appropriate format (the scholarly transliteration formats for ancient or modern Greek as appropriate). There are iffy cases and some minor differences between systems ( e.g. unhelpfully cites the ISO and the UN formats interchangably and Wikipedia articles actually more often use the BGN format), but for the most part just choose one and be consistent in the article and you should be fine.

 * In your case, it's a modern name and there's no difference between names from 1500 or 2000: accent marks and diaereses are included and everything else is left out (in glosses) or everything is left out (article titles). —  Llywelyn II   03:51, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

Macron and breve
These are included in the Beta Code and here but there is no explanation for what they're supposed to do. — Llywelyn II   03:51, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

Circumflex or tilde?
In the beginning of the article it says: "circumflex ( ῀ )". Clearly, one part of the juxtaposition must be wrong. I don't know which one. 157.193.63.115 (talk) 09:36, 14 October 2014 (UTC)

 * The tilde began as a variant of the circumflex, and appears in its place in some Greek fonts. The name of the latter is a Latin calque of the Greek περισπωμένη, and is the name preferred by classicists.  • ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΣ •   13:00, 14 October 2014 (UTC)

Computer encoding / diacritics
There are letters with macron and breve: Ᾱᾱ Ῑῑ Ῡῡ Ᾰᾰ Ῐῐ Ῠῠ. Are there also combinations like macron + acut etc.? -07:47, 13 January 2015 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.133.126.179 (talk)
 * Regrettably there are no Unicode characters for Greek letters with both macrons and other accents, or breves and other accents. Adding those would approximately triple the number of Greek vowel characters, and they didn't do it. — Eru·tuon 16:05, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

Textcritical signs of Aristarchus of Samothrace and other ancient greek writers and Philologists
Does anyone have the time and knowledge to write something about it? Aristarchus of Samothrace and other ancient greek Philologists and their textcritical signs.

I have found some sources, see:

Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship, 2015 (2 Vols.) pp. 549-562 and The ambiguity of signs: critical σημεῖα from Zenodotus to Origen Author: Francesca Schironi

There are also "pictures" of these signs in this book.

Informationskampagne (talk) 14:29, 8 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Capital Rho With Psili (Ρ᾿ or ῵)
The lowercase version of it exists in Unicode (ῤ), but why is there no Capital Version of it in Unicode? (Example: Using Word 2016, turning διάῤῥοια to Uppercase gave me ΔΙΆῤῥΟΙΑ) Why? -GeniusWorkbench4622 16:36, 3 November 2019 (UTC)

 * Use a better font. I use Linux Libertine Display G.
 * Use a better keyboard entry software. I use Keyman.
 * These are not perfect, though. Results:
 * ᾿Ρῤ and Ῥῥ
 * διάῤῥοια
 * ΔΙΆ᾿ΡῬΟΙΑ 100.14.140.111 (talk) 13:14, 29 January 2023 (UTC)
 * It does not exist, because it has never been used in Greek. Lower-case ῤ occurs exclusively before ῥ, and geminate rho (ῤῥ) never occurs at the beginning of a word. Furthermore, diacritics are not used at all when a word is written entirely in upper case. ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΣ (talk) 13:50, 29 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Greek diacritics


text:
List of places in Ceredigion

 * Map of places in Ceredigion compiled from this list
 * See the list of places in Wales for places in other principal areas.

This is a list of towns and villages in the county of Ceredigion, Wales.

A

 * Aber
 * Aberaeron
 * Aberarth
 * Aberffrwd
 * Aber-meurig
 * Abermagwr
 * Aberporth
 * Aberystwyth
 * Alltyblacca

B

 * Banc-y-môr
 * Bethania
 * Betws Bledrws
 * Betws Ifan
 * Beulah
 * Blaenplwyf
 * Blaenporth
 * Borth
 * Bow Street
 * Bronant
 * Brongest
 * Brynhoffnant
 * Bwlchllan

C

 * Caerwedros
 * Cei Bach
 * Capel Bangor
 * Capel Betws Leuci
 * Capel Dewi, Aberystwyth
 * Capel Dewi, Llandysul
 * Capel Seion
 * Cardigan
 * Cellan
 * Cenarth
 * Ciliau Aeron
 * Chancery
 * Commin Capel Betws
 * Comins Coch
 * Cribyn
 * Cross Inn, Llan-non
 * Cross Inn, Cei Newydd/New Quay
 * Cwmbrwyno
 * Cwmerfyn
 * Cwm Rheidol
 * Cwmsychbant
 * Cwmsymlog
 * Cwmtudu
 * Cwm Ystwyth
 * Cwrtnewydd

D

 * Devil's Bridge
 * Dihewyd
 * Dole
 * Drefach

E

 * Elerech

F

 * Felin Fach
 * Y Ferwig
 * Ffaldybrenin
 * Ffair Rhos
 * Ffoshelyg
 * Ffostrasol
 * Ffosyffin
 * Furnace

G

 * Gilfachreda
 * Glan-y-môr
 * Glynarthen
 * Goginan
 * Gors Goch
 * Gwbert

H

 * Henllan
 * Horeb

L

 * Lampeter
 * Llanarth
 * Llanbadarn Fawr
 * Llanddeiniol
 * Llandysul
 * Llanfair Clydogau
 * Llanfihangel y Creuddyn
 * Llangorwen
 * Llangranog
 * Llangwyryfon
 * Llangubi
 * Llanilar
 * Llanon
 * Llanrhystud
 * Llansantffraid
 * Llanddewi Brefi
 * Llanwenog
 * Llanwnnen
 * Llanybydder
 * Llechryd
 * Llwyncelyn

M

 * Monachty
 * Moriah
 * Mwnt
 * Mydroilyn

N

 * Nanternis
 * Newcastle Emlyn
 * New Quay

O

 * Oakford

P

 * Penbryn
 * Pen-y-wenallt
 * Penrhyn-coch
 * Pentregat
 * Penparc
 * Penparcau
 * Penuwch
 * Pen-y-garn
 * Pisgah
 * Plwmp
 * Pont rhyd y groes
 * Pontrhydfendigaid
 * Pontsian
 * Post-bach
 * Post-mawr

R

 * Rhydfelin
 * Rhydlewis
 * Rhydowen
 * Rhyd Rosser
 * Rhydypennau

S

 * Sarnau
 * Silian
 * Strata Florida
 * Synod Inn

T

 * Talgarreg
 * Tal-y-bont
 * Tan-y-groes
 * Temple Bar
 * Trawsgoed
 * Trefenter
 * Tregaron
 * Tremain
 * Tresaith
 * Troed y Rhiw

V

 * Velindre

W

 * Wallog

Y

 * Ysbyty Ystwyth
 * Ystrad Aeron
 * Ystrad Ffin
 * Ystrad Meurig
 * Ystumtuen

Electoral wards
This is a list of electoral wards:

Communities
This is a list of communities:

title: List of places in Ceredigion


text:
Tax cap

A tax cap places an upper bound on the amount of government tax a person might be required to pay. In this case the tax is said to be capped.

An example of this is the American Social Security Tax, which does not apply to wages over an annual limit.

title: Tax cap


text:
Blandville

Blandville may refer to several places in the United States:

 * Blandville, Kentucky, city in Ballard County, Kentucky
 * Blandville, West Virginia, unincorporated community in Doddridge County, West Virginia

title: Blandville


text:
Talk:Monotonic orthography

Merger from Monotonic Greek orthography
I've merged into this article the material from Monotonic Greek orthography. rossb 23:32, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Monotonic orthography


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hashim Chunpir

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 17:44, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Hashim Chunpir
Vanity. Inter 23:33, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 02:28, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity, non-notable student.   — Gwalla | Talk 03:34, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 03:50, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. utcursch 12:44, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Wyss 19:23, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Siemens Plessey

Siemens Plessey was the name given to the Plessey assets acquired by Siemens in 1989. Today most of these units are part of BAE Systems while some units are now part of EADS.

Background : before 1989
The history of the evolution of Siemens Plessey division traces to 1988, when the UK regulatory authorities rejected a full merger between the British-based industrial conglomerate - General Electric Company plc (GEC), and the Plessey company - a historic British-based international electronics, defence and telecommunications company founded in 1917. Plessey was at the time the second largest defence electronics contractor to the Ministry of Defence and the largest supplier of traffic control equipment. As a solution, GEC and Plessey merged their communications businesses the same year to form GEC Plessey Telecommunications (GPT).

Acquisition of Plessey, and Siemens Plessey : 1989-1997
In 1989, GEC and Siemens AG set up a joint holding company, GEC Siemens plc, to launch a hostile takeover of Plessey, which succeeded. Most of Plessey's assets were divided between the companies (see : Plessey); except the 1988 founded GEC-Plessey joint venture - GPT, which was converted to a '60/40 GEC/Siemens joint venture'.

The division of Plessey between these two partners meant the deal met with little regulatory opposition. Siemens acquired Plessey's radar systems, defence systems and traffic control businesses. The defence electronics operations became Siemens Plessey Systems (commonly referred to as Siemens Plessey) and Siemens Plessey Electronics Systems (Australia).

In 1997, Siemens came to an agreement with British Aerospace and DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG (DASA) for the takeover of its defence electronics unit. BAe acquired the Siemens Plessey's defence businesses in UK, while DASA acquired the German part of the operations.

Subsequent history : 1997 - to date
The BAe acquired parts were eventually amalgamated into BAE Systems - formed by the 1999 merger of BAe and Marconi Electronic Systems (MES). The DASA acquired assets became part of EADS in July 2000 when DASA merged with the French Aérospatiale-Matra and Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) of Spain.

Siemens Traffic Controls continued to operate as a unit of Siemens which later became part of Siemens Mobility before being sold to Mundys under the new name Yunex Traffic.

title: Siemens Plessey


text:
Ankang

Ankang is a prefecture-level city in the south of Shaanxi Province in the People's Republic of China, bordering Hubei province to the east, Chongqing municipality to the south, and Sichuan province to the southwest. It covers an area of 23391 km2 and consists Xunyang, a county-level city, one urban district, and eight counties. Its total population was 2,493,436 people according to the 2020 Chinese census, with 1,244,784 living in urban areas.

History
The settlement of Ankang dates to the Stone Age, and its recorded history dates back more than 3000 years. The settlement was originally known as Xicheng. Ankang County was established in 1st Taikang year of the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 280). It later formed part of the Eastern Liang Prefecture, which was reorganized into the Jin Prefecture in the 3rd Feidi year of the Western Wei (AD 554). Under the Sui, this was renamed Xicheng Commandery and, under the Tang, Ankang Commandery.

Climate
Ankang has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with cool, dry winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 3.7 °C (38.3 °F) in January to 27.0 °C (80.4 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 15.7 °C (60.1 °F). Most of annual precipitation occurs from June to September.

Administrative divisions
Ankang includes one District，one county-level city and eight counties, totaling 109 towns, 88 townships and 3 sub-district offices.

title: Ankang


text:
Blissfield

Blissfield can refer to:

Canada

 * Blissfield Parish, New Brunswick

United States

 * Blissfield, Michigan
 * Blissfield Township, Michigan
 * Blissfield, Ohio

title: Blissfield


text: User talk:24.34.218.205

title: User talk:24.34.218.205


text:
International Heliophysical Year

The International Heliophysical Year is a UN-sponsored scientifically driven international program of scientific collaboration to understand external drivers of planetary environments and universal processes in solar-terrestrial-planetary-heliospheric physics. The IHY will focus on advancements in all aspects of the heliosphere and its interaction with the interstellar medium. This effort culminates in the "International Heliophysical Year" (IHY) in 2007-2008. The IHY concluded in February, 2009, but was largely continued via the International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI)

The term "Heliophysical" was coined to refer specifically to this activity of studying the interconnectedness of the entire solar-heliospheric-planetary system. It is a broadening of the concept "geophysical," extending the connections from the Earth to the Sun and interplanetary space. On the 50th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year, the 2007 IHY activities will build on the success of IGY 1957 by continuing its legacy of system-sides studies of the extended heliophysical domain.

History
The IHY 2007 has been planned to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1957-1958, one of the most successful international science programs of all time. The IGY was a broad-based and all-encompassing effort to push the frontiers of geophysics and resulted in tremendous progress in space physics, Sun-Earth connections, planetary science and the heliosphere in general. The tradition of international science years began almost 125 years ago with the first International Polar Year and international scientific studies of global processes at the North Pole in 1882-1883. The IHY has received substantial support from the United Nations, and various space agencies around the world.

Objectives
The IHY has three primary objectives:

 * Advancing our Understanding of the Heliophysical Processes that Govern the Sun, Earth and Heliosphere
 * Continuing the tradition of international research and advancing the legacy on the 50th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year
 * Demonstrating the Beauty, Relevance and Significance of Space and Earth Science to the World

Science goals
The IHY team has also identified the following science goals for 2007-2008:

 * 1) Develop the basic science of heliophysics through cross-disciplinary studies of universal processes.
 * 2) Determine the response of terrestrial and planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres to external drivers.
 * 3) Promote research on the Sun-heliosphere system outward to the local interstellar medium - the new frontier.
 * 4) Foster international scientific cooperation in the study of heliophysical phenomena now and in the future
 * 5) Communicate unique IHY results to the scientific community and the general public

title: International Heliophysical Year


text:
Agudas Israel

Agudas Israel may refer to:
 * Agudas Israel (Latvia), a political party in Latvia during the 1920s and 1930s
 * World Agudath Israel, the political arm of Ashkenazi Haredi Judaism
 * Agudat Yisrael, a political party representing the ultra-Orthodox population of Israel
 * Agudath Israel of America, a Haredi Jewish communal organization in the United States
 * Agudas Israel Housing Association, a British housing association

title: Agudas Israel


text:
Talk:Flannel

Old discussions
Is there any evidence for the statement that the TV ads for paper towels may have insinuated a view of flannel as a token of homosexuality? This sounds more like one individual's POV than anything grounded in public opinion. -- LGagnon 23:40, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

No, this is not true. Michaelbrown loves flannel and he is most definitely not gay. He did go on a mandate once, but that was just a big misunderstanding, and I don't think he's been on one since.

"Flannel is a cloth that is commonly used to make clothing and bedsheets. It is usually made from either wool, wool and cotton, or wool and synthetic fabric"

That's wonderful to know, but it doesn't define what flannel is. If you were looking at a piece of fabric this description doesn't help you answer the question of whether it is flannel or something else.

What characteristics define flannel as distinct from any other piece of fabric? All the rest of the info is just extra background.

This entire article appears to be plagiarized from. I also agree that this article doesn't actually shed any light on what flannel is or how it is made. --Jaurisova6 13:54, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I can assure you that this article isn't plagiarized. Unless someone has changed it dramatically since I first started writing it, it should be mostly my own original work. -- LGagnon 21:48, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

 * That website lists Wikipedia as a source at the bottom of the page, so this article is most definitely not plagarized. Chaos386 19:02, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Interesting.. Google Page Creator preview template links to here. SYSS Mouse 16:47, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

70s?
I don't remember flannel being popular with rock musicians until the 90s. The 70s and 80s rock stars tended to wear more flamboyant clothes. -- LGagnon 12:58, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Creedence Clearwater Revival were noted for wearing it, which in turn inspired The Minutemen to wear it. WesleyDodds 02:10, 15 April 2006 (UTC)
 * That doesn't sound like popularity but the mere fact that someone wore it. It still wasn't widespread. -- LGagnon 13:05, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

 * NEIL YOUNG wore a lot of flannel in the 70s. Is he legit enough? 72.79.194.113 03:01, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

Blue Collar/ Lumberjack image
I'm surprised nothing is said about flannels in blue collar, lumberjack culture. They were wearing flannels long before the grungies in the 90's.

I second this observation. The lumberjack culture is an essential topic.

Removed Michael Palin image
Image:Lumberjack Song.png was used here as an illustratation of a plaid flannel shirt. This doesn't meet our fair use criteria for a copyrighted image, so I've commented it out. I looked for a replacement on commons, but nothing turned up. FreplySpang (talk) 17:23, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

Who's that geek Dylan Hahn?
That picture should really be removed and replaced with something more relevant to the subject of flannel and flannel-related items.

-lol, seriously, what the hell

-- instead of going all out and deleting the picture, I went halfway and recaptioned it. After all, it IS a picture of a young man wearing flannel. It's just that no one gives a crap about Dylan Hahn :P

-I know right? Who actually cares enough to post a picture of himself in flannel? At least he is good looking.

cleanup tag
the whole article needs overhauled. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.70.143.93 (talk) 04:45, 8 January 2007 (UTC).

 * I have removed the cleanup tag, having attempted to tidy the article up, by moving some material to Flannel (food) and Flannel (disambiguation). I have added a litle new material, but probably not comprehensive enough.  I am uncertain as to the correctness of some of the 'History', but have not interfered much with what I found.  Peterkingiron 16:04, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Flannel in Popular Culture
I liked how before there was a list of famous flannel wearers and was wondering if we could re-instate the list under the section, Flannel in popular culture. I was thinking we could include the likes of Kurt Cobain, Easy-E and Paul Bunyan, what do you guys think? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thetrex (talk • contribs) 15:53, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

You're missing the person most known for flannel, Norm Abram. He is the inspiration for Al Borland, from Home Improvement. 75.86.170.211 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 22:38, 12 December 2008 (UTC).

Baize
I am unhappy about the reference here to baize. Bays (like Says) was one of the so-called new draperies introduced in the 16th century, not 17th. Furthermore many new draperies were worsteds not woollens. The statement needs correcting, but I am not sure how. Peterkingiron 14:25, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

Flannel: Statement Verification
I'd be interested to know where the evidence for this statement is please:

"In fact, in some countries (e.g. the United Kingdom), it is illegal to sell flannelettes under the name 'flannel'."

Cookro 15:55, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Terminological morass
A fundamental problem with this article is that it is not about one kind of fabric, but two. In Britain, apparently, flannel is a form of wool fabric, but people sometimes pass off cotton versions as the "real thing". In the US, flannel is a form of cotton fabric, and I think most people would be upset to order a flannel shirt and get one made of wool. With such a strong distinction in usage, it might be an easier article to maintain if some attempt were made to explain the differences in an evenhanded way, state which country's terminology will be used, but to avoid disparaging the other terminology as being erroneous. As an American, I think I can claim to be unbiased in suggesting that the British terminology be used, if only because they have a word "flannelette" which can be used to talk about the cotton version. Mark Foskey 17:21, 4 November 2007 (UTC)
 * That makes sense to me, Marl. In some contexts (tailoring for example) US flannel is also a wool fabric (the gray-flannel suit).  The connection is that flannel is a brushed, lighly napped fabric. - PKM 20:08, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Flannel wearers
I do not know enough about the characters named to know whether they are notable. However, I would appreciate it is some one could prune the list of red links for any persons who are not notable. Peterkingiron (talk) 19:55, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Dictionary time

 * Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
 * Collins English Dictionary
 * Canadian Oxford Dictionary
 * American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

flannel
M-W:
 * 1) soft twilled wool or worsted fabric with a loose texture and a slightly napped surface
 * 2) a napped cotton fabric of soft yarns simulating the texture of wool flannel
 * 3) a stout cotton fabric usually napped on one side

Collins:
 * 1) a soft light woollen fabric with a slight nap, used for clothing
 * 2) "flannels" (plural) trousers or article of clothing made from flannel
 * 3) see Cotton Flannel
 * 4) British term for what North Americans call a washcloth (Collin-Robert Senior tells me it's also called "face flannel")

Canadian:
 * 1) any of various loose-textured soft woollen or synthetic fabrics of plain or twilled weave and slightly napped on one side
 * 2) see flannelette

American:
 * 1) A soft woven cloth of wool or a blend of wool and cotton or synthetics.
 * 2) (flannels)  Outer clothing, especially trousers, made of this cloth. or Underclothing made of this cloth.
 * 3) see Flannelette

It wouldn't hurt for whomever wrote "citation needed" in reference to the colloquial meaning of Flannel in England, to look into a British English dictionary (e.g. Chambers) to conclude that Flannel is used to refer to waffling soft-soap talk to evade an issue or butter someone up. Instead of boringly writing "citation needed", a reference could have been added.Marcvanderloo (talk) 23:13, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

flannelette
M-W: a lightweight cotton flannel

Collins: a cotton imitation of flannel

Canadian: a napped cotton fabric imitating the texture of flannel

American: A soft cotton fabric with a nap

nap
M-W: hairy or downy surface

Collins: raised fibres

Canadian:
 * 1) the raised pile on textiles
 * 2) a soft downy surface

American: a soft or fuzzy surface

cotton flannel
Collins: (also "Canton flannel") a plain-weave or twill-weave fabric napped on one side only

other source: a stout cotton fabric with nap on only one side [syn: Canton flannel]

worsted
M-W:
 * 1) a smooth compact yarn from long wool fibres, used especially for firm napless fabrics
 * 2) a fabric made from worsted yarns

Collins:
 * 1) a closely twisted yarn or thread made from combed long-staple wool
 * 2) a fabric made from this, with a hard smooth close-textured surface and no nap

Canadian:
 * 1) a fine smooth yarn spun from combed long staple wool
 * 2) fabric made from this

American:
 * 1) Firm-textured, compactly twisted woolen yarn made from long-staple fibers
 * 2) Fabric made from such yarn

winceyette
Collins: a plan-weave cotton fabric with slightly raised 2-sided nap

other source: A lightweight napped cotton fabric used for nightclothes ... a light-weight fabric, originally and usually of cotton, raised on both sides, the weave usually being plain or twill.

So how many "flannels" are there?
Maybe we need the following subsections in the article:

 * Wool flannel (which will include worsted)
 * Flannelette (which will include winceyette)
 * Cotton flannel (the one that's referred to as stout)
 * Other meanings (include face flannel as washcloth)

And somewhere mention that they can be blended with each other or with synthetics...

--Sonjaaa (talk) 06:12, 25 May 2008 (UTC)
 * This is a good suggestion, except that I do not think that worsted should not be referred to at all (except possbly in passing): "worsted" is made from long stapled combed wool, whereas "woolens" are made from short staple carded wool. (Or am I getting confused?).  Flannel is one type of woolen cloth.  Peterkingiron (talk) 18:46, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

Plaid
Flannel and plaid can be used interchangeably since they mean the same thing. This page should be merged with the Tartan page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.79.179.119 (talk) 23:02, 20 January 2011 (UTC) "I'm wearing flannel pajamas and they definitely aren't plaid.24.22.78.248 (talk)"
 * Rubbish -- Plaid and tartan may be similar - a traditional Scottish fabric. Flannel is definitely not the same: it was made in Wales, though probably not exclusively.  Peterkingiron (talk) 16:51, 27 April 2012 (UTC)

 * The assertion in the article that “flannel” is synonymous with “plaid” or “tartan” is uncited; it seems like POV and also highly dubious - you could easily have a non-flannel, un-napped tartan shirt, and you could also have a self-coloured flannel shirt (the photo is currently of a self-coloured blue flannel shirt, for example). It just adds more confusion to an already confusing article - and it doesn’t even mention the “face flannel”, which is a napped cotton towling wash-cloth! Jock123 (talk) 21:22, 7 September 2016 (UTC)

Decennial categories
Flannel has been made for centuries. Why is it only categorised for 1990s, 2000s and 2010s, not 19th century fashion, etc? Peterkingiron (talk) 16:49, 27 April 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Winceyette
Should mention since it redirects here. All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 14:05, 8 March 2019 (UTC).

title: Talk:Flannel


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Muddy joy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 18:04, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Muddy joy
Dicdef. Inter 23:41, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC) Reality ain't always pretty, my friends. In the interest of academic integrity, I suggest that we keep the article, despite its unpleasant content.
 * And slang at that. Transwiki to wiktionary?  Otherwise delete.  RickK 23:54, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, slang dicdef. Wyss 19:22, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this Muddy joy. Johntex 21:30, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Wiktionary. Megan1967 06:40, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Wiktionary. Darkwind 13:02, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no google hits for either usage.-gadfium 00:41, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Concur with Gadfium.  FWIW anonymous user(s) who created the article and made comments here are responsible for the whole "Anuzutica" fracas. -- Gyrofrog  (talk) 23:47, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wiktionary. JamesBurns 10:25, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Rasmus

Rasmus may refer to:

People

 * Rasmus (given name)
 * Rasmus (surname)

Arts and entertainment

 * The Rasmus, a Finnish rock band formerly called Rasmus
 * The Rasmus (album), a self-titled studio album by the Finnish band
 * the title character of Rasmus Klump, a Danish comic strip series
 * Rasmus, a character in books by Swedish author Astrid Lindgren

Places

 * Rasmus, Michigan, an unincorporated community

title: Rasmus


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kevin Burdette

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Deathphoenix 07:45, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Kevin Burdette
Vanity? Only 600 hits on google, not all of which are relevant. GRider\talk 23:43, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. He's been a soloist with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and has received good reviews in major newspapers.  He's not far from the line, but I think he's notable.  TSP 00:38, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, artist promo, just under the bar of notability for me. Megan1967 03:52, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * delete. Juntung cleverly (and likeably) added this page after I suggested that dancer Zhenrong Chen's page be deleted.  My thought:  Chen is signicantly less noteworthy a dancer than I singer, and I am certainly not worthy of a Wikipedia entry.  My vote for Chen's deletion was shot down, and Juntung did me the honor.  Note:  Zhenrong is still around, and is even back on the main ballet page along side Margot Fonteyn and Mikhail Baryshnikov! Burdettekevin
 * Keep soloists for major orchestras are distinctive and reasonably notable. From biography: "Well known entertainment figures, such as TV/movie producers, directors, writers, and actors who have starring roles, or a series of minor roles, in commercially distributed work watched by a total audience of 5,000 or more". Kappa 08:22, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep soloist in a major symphony orchestra. Clears the bar by a wide margin. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  10:00, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. In a borderline case, the person himself is a pretty good source on his own notability, especially if he is saying he isn't encyclopedically notable. (Less so if he is claiming to be notable, because of vanity.)   Kevin can be presumed to know what makes for notability in his particular world, and if says he isn't notable, that decides it for me. --BM 13:15, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I know several artists who would sell their mother to have had even one engagement each at the list of venues this gentleman has performed at. The bar for singing at the Met and the NY Opera is pretty high, so Mr. Burdette is probably at least somewhat notable. I will grant that opera is not my milieu, however - I am basing these comments on instrumentalists that I know. HyperZonk 16:36, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Keep, by one of my cat's whiskers (quite happy to change my vote on this one btw). Wyss 19:19, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep just over the notable bar for me. Johntex 21:34, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. James F. (talk) 02:23, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. He's no Bryn Terfel, but a glance at his website reveals he is pretty notable, despite his modest objections to the contrary above. --Angr 08:03, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * That website rocks, by the way. The easter-egg gimmick was genius.  I'm proud of myself for finding the secret Bass Ale page. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  14:29, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Burdettekevin, if you're around I'd like to ask you one thing: If wikipedia already had articles on everyone at your level and above, would you say they should be deleted up to the level you consider genuinely notable? Kappa 23:04, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Good question. I'm inclined to say in that case they should not be deleted.  As you may have guessed, one reason I voted "delete" was because I feel uncomfortable having an entry while knowing that there are others more notable without an entry.  Furthermore, were I pushed, I could not specify where I would draw the "notable" line. BTW: Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd :  glad you liked the easter eggs! Burdettekevin
 * For me it's like this: if I went to an opera with a major company, I'd hope to be able to look up the leading performers in WP, even if they aren't Kiri Te Kanawa. Unfortunately WP doesn't seem to have as many opera enthusiasts as science fiction fans and music lovers, but as long as articles like this one survive, I can still hope. Kappa 02:23, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Never heard of him, but I have now. And he's a Wikipedian, so he can't be all that bad. -- Longhair 18:18, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - dude! He was like, the high-point of L'Etoile. -- Nunh-huh 03:27, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, a Wikipedian editor who claims he isn't notable. JamesBurns 10:46, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:ElMosca

"ElMosca" is the Wikipedia user name of Aldo Mosca, a Venezuelan computer professional, musician, and recording engineer.

title: User:ElMosca


text:
Wilde Beast

Wilde Beast is a wooden roller coaster located at Canada's Wonderland, in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada. It was originally named "Wilde Beast", from 1981 to 1996, when it was renamed to "Wild Beast" in 1997. The ride was reverted to its original name in 2019. It is one of the five roller coasters that debuted with the park in 1981, and is one of three wooden coasters at Canada's Wonderland modeled after a ride at Coney Island amusement park in Cincinnati, Ohio (specifically, Wildcat); the other is the Mighty Canadian Minebuster. The ride's fan curve was rebuilt in 1998.

History
The ride is a double out-and-back coaster encompassing a figure 8 design. The ride was designed by Curtis D. Summers but is based on the original Coney Island Wildcat designed by Herbert Schmeck. It was constructed in-house under the direction of Summers. The coaster was not built by PTC despite a plaque at the operator's booth and several published reports that claim it was. PTC stopped building coasters in 1979. The construction crew likely comprised workers who had previously built coasters for PTC. The two 28-passenger trains were supplied by the Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters. Unlike the three-row PTC trains on Mighty Canadian Minebuster, Wilde Beast utilizes shorter two-row cars that are designed to better negotiate turns.

Curtis D. Summers continued to use this design at other Taft-owned parks including Kings Dominion in Virginia where the coaster, which opened in 1982, is known as Grizzly. Though similar in layout, the ride was tempered when reproduced as The Bush Beast at Wonderland Sydney in 1985 and at California's Great America as Grizzly in 1986.

The coaster was featured in the Fraggle Rock episode "The Thirty-Minute Work Week", where Uncle Travelling Matt took a ride on it, as he mistook it for a form of transportation. Puppeteer Dave Goelz has a cameo in the scene as the man next to Matt.

In 2015, the track was partially reconstructed after the first hill to create a smoother ride experience.

title: Wilde Beast


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/William Connolley

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Deathphoenix 08:00, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

William Connolley
Vanity? Close to 500 hits on google, most of which are relevant. GRider\talk 23:48, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Not created by the subject, though obviously with the knowledge that he was reading... Delete for the moment - notability doesn't seem to have been established. Very willing to reconsider if article establishes why he is notable in the field of climate modelling/the formation of the "IPCC Consensus"/something else...
 * Keep, cleanup and expand. A published climate modellist and research, . Megan1967 04:11, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, I'll go with Megan1967's take. Wyss 19:15, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Comment: I didn't create this article. I don't have a strong opinion as to whether it should stay or not William M. Connolley 09:42, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC).
 * Keep, looks notable. JamesBurns 10:48, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Joetrader

Joe, please do not repost information that has already been deleted. In the case of the "Mr. Kash Jaffrey" contribution, we're talking about a number of previous deletions. You may be banned from editing if this continues. May I suggest you read What Wikipedia is not to get a better understanding of what goes on here? Thanks. - Lucky 6.9 23:49, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joetrader


text:
Canobie Lake Park

Canobie Lake Park is an amusement park in Salem, New Hampshire, located about 31 mi north of Boston. It was founded as a trolley park on the shore of Canobie Lake in 1902. Three local families currently run the park, which draws visitors from throughout the New England and Mid-Atlantic regions. Canobie Lake Park's age and history inspired author Stephen King to use rides and elements from the park in his Joyland novel. It is one of only thirteen trolley parks still operating in the United States as of 2021.

The park originally featured botanical gardens, with few amusement rides. After the automobile became the most popular mode of travel in the United States, the trolley line serving the park was closed. Attendance in the park declined until it was purchased by Patrick J. Holland. He installed a wooden roller coaster named Yankee Cannonball in 1936, a ride which was designated as an ACE Roller Coaster Landmark by American Coaster Enthusiasts in 2013. The park recovered, and the Arrow Development designed Canobie Corkscrew was installed in 1987, after being relocated from the Old Chicago amusement park in Illinois, where it was named the Chicago Loop. It was removed after the 2021 season. Untamed, a Euro-Fighter coaster, is the only coaster with an inversion.

History
Canobie Lake Park opened on August 23, 1902, as a trolley park for the Massachusetts Northeast Street Railway Company. In its early years, the park was known for its flower gardens, promenades and gentle attractions. After the decline of trolley as a mode of travel, the park declined in popularity, culminating in the park's closure on St. Patrick's Day in 1929. In 1931, the park was auctioned off with the intent to subdivide the land into residential lots. Patrick J. Holland, a construction contractor from Ireland, bought the property for US$17,000. He and his workers restored the park with new gardens, attractions, and modern electricity. In 1932, the park reopened, three years after its initial closure. Its popularity recovered, and the Yankee Cannonball was installed, becoming one of the park's most popular attractions for decades. Holland died in 1943, leaving the park with his wife and son, who continued to own the park until 1958. The park is now currently owned by three families; they purchased the park in 1958, continued operating the park ever since, and still operate the park today.

Some films and novels have used Canobie Lake Park as a setting or filming location. Stephen King, an American author of horror novels, based the amusement park in his novel Joyland on Canobie Lake Park. A resident of the nearby state of Maine, King visited after searching for a park "that was nice and clean and sunlit, but wasn't too big". During a visit in 2012, King took photographs inside the dark ride attraction, "Mine of Lost Souls", because he wanted to incorporate a haunted dark ride into his novel. The park was also used as a filming location for the 2013 film Labor Day, based on the novel of the same name by Joyce Maynard. It also appeared in two live action children's TV shows on PBS Kids that were produced by PBS-affiliate WGBH Boston; it was featured in an episode of Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman, as well as in the season 6 opening intro to the show Zoom.

Incidents

 * On July 27, 2001, five people riding the Yankee Cannonball roller coaster were injured when two of the ride's trains collided.
 * On July 1, 2014, a family of five attacked police officers after they were told they could not carry weapons in the park. Three of the family members were charged with felony riot.
 * On August 6, 2016, a stuntman rolled off of a safety net during Canobie Lake Park's "Rocket Man: The Human Cannonball" performance. The stuntman was unharmed.

Rides and attractions
Canobie Lake Park features a variety of rides and attractions. The Yankee Cannonball, a 1930s-era wooden roller coaster, is one of the park's best-known rides. The park was home to a looping, steel roller coaster named the Canobie Corkscrew, designed by Arrow Dynamics. Originally manufactured in 1975, the Canobie Corkscrew operated at Old Chicago from 1975 to 1980 as the "Chicago Loop", at the Alabama State Fairgrounds as "Corkscrew" from 1982 to 1986, before moving to Canobie Lake in 1987. The Canobie Corkscrew was one of the first steel looping roller coasters manufactured in the world and was part of a series of Arrow corkscrew models produced from 1975 to 1979. The Canobie Corkscrew was closed in 2021, and in 2022 the ride was removed from the park. Parts of the ride were subsequently donated to the National Roller Coaster Museum and Archives upon its removal.

Other thrill rides in Canobie Lake Park include Starblaster, an S&S Double Shot, which replaced a ride called the Moon Orbiter in 2002. The park also features a rotor ride named "Turkish Twist", and a shoot-the-chutes ride named "The Boston Tea Party". The park has one dark ride, "The Mine Of Lost Souls". Passengers board mine cars and venture into the depths of a haunted mine. Another flat ride at the park is the "Psychodrome", a scrambler ride located in a dome, with lighting, music and special effects. In 2005, the park opened Castaway Island, a small water park consisting of a water play structure. In October 2017, the park announced an expansion to the water ride complex, including a lazy river and a series of water slides.

The park once had a simulator ride named "USA Missile", built early in the Space Age by John Taggart and Sam Daugherty. Passengers sit facing the nose of the rocket, which is then inclined. A movie is shown on a screen at the front as a simulation of space flight. While at Canobie Lake Park, it was repainted to mimic the markings used on such launch vehicles as the Saturn rockets.

In 2011, the park added Untamed, a Gerstlauer Euro-Fighter 320+ model. This is the fourth Euro-Fighter to be added in the United States, the only one in the Northeast, and the first roller coaster to be opened in Canobie Lake Park since the Canobie Corkscrew in 1987. The following year, the park added Equinox, a ride that lifted and spun riders on a giant mechanical arm. Despite the ride's popularity, it was shut down in 2014 after persistent mechanical problems left the ride operating "sporadically". The park has stated that safety was not an issue.

Events
Canobie Lake Park holds many events in the park throughout the year, including live performances and fireworks shows. The park has multiple venues for live entertainment, including the Country Stage, Midway Stage, and Dancehall Theater. The park's Dancehall Theater has hosted performers such as Duke Ellington, Sonny & Cher, Frank Sinatra, and Ella Fitzgerald. The Canobie Ramblers occasionally perform at the Log Flume Gazebo. On certain weekends in September and October, Canobie Lake Park holds ScrEEEmfest, a Halloween event that they first did in 2008. Run in the afternoon that features Canobie's most popular rides plus five walk-through haunted attractions. Past "haunts" have included Merriment Incorporated, The Dead Shed, Black Hollow Cove, Head Hunters at Cannibal Lake, Cannibal Island, Demons of Darkness, Terro in the Corn Invasion and Virus. Currently as of 2023, the park hosts five haunted attractions, Pinecrest Sanitarium, Carnivus, Breach, Cargo and Facility 235. In 2020, due to COVID-19 restrictions, the park did not host Screeemfest for the first time since its inception. Instead, the park hosted a "food truck festival" within the closed for the season Castaway Island. This hosted trolley carts from around New England serving various foods and beverages to guests. Screeemfest started up again in the fall of 2021 and the park also continued with the "food truck festival" since. The park hosts performances from impersonators of various celebrities, such as Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, Tim McGraw, Justin Bieber, Madonna, Bruno Mars, Lady Gaga, One Direction, KISS, and Aerosmith. Canobie Lake Park is currently hosting tribute shows including Taylor Swift and Freddie Mercury.

title: Canobie Lake Park


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Montalegre

Montalegre is a municipality in northern Portugal, located in the district of Vila Real, along the border with Spain. The population in 2011 was 10,537, in an area of 805.46 km².

History
Early construction in Montalegre date back 3500–4000 years when early inhabitants, around the villages of Mourela, Veiga and Vila da Ponte, buried their dead in funeral mounds. Vestiges of this culture predominate the region, and suggest that settlements have been ongoing since the Metal Ages.

Celt colonies began to appear afterward, constructing castros in many of the places that developed into formal settlements. With the arrival of the Romans, bridges and formal roads began to appear, while many of the castros began to be converted into Roman encampments, later the nuclei of formalized settlements. Remains of the Roman civitas are still common: Praesidium (in Vila da Ponte, popularly known as Sabaraz) and Caladunum (in Cervos).

There were no overt indications that the Moors settled in this region, although oral tradition inferred as much.

With the establishment of the Christian kingdom of Portugal, Afonso Henriques donated portions of the land for charitable hospices (Salto), hospitals (Vilar de Perdizes and Dornelas) or monasteries (Pitões). Owing to its location, on the border with Galiza, defense fortifications were constructed, including the Castles of Gerês and Piconha, and later in Portelo and the village of Montalegre. A lighthouse was also constructed in Tourém, likely by King Sancho in 1187, since he was the master of the Terras da Piconha region.

It was only in September 1273 that King Afonso III bestowed on the citizens a foral (charter), founding the town of Montalegre and making the local sheriff the master of the Terras de Barroso. The foral was later confirmed by King Denis in 1289, and renewed by Afonso IV (in 1340), John II (in 1491), and Manuel (in 1515).

After the Portuguese Interregnum, during the reign of John I, the Terras de Barroso were offered as a gift to Nuno Álvares Pereira for his support.

In 1809, French troops had problems in the region, during the Peninsular Wars, fighting off the Barrosões, in Misarela.

On 6 November 1836, the municipality of Montalegre was divided, in order to create the municipality of Boticas. In course, the parishes of Vilar de Vacas was lost to the neighbouring municipality of Vieira do Minho, and later the parish of Couto Misto de Santiago de Rubiás, was also de-annexed.

Contemporary history of the municipality has been marked by growing emigration, the result of the lack of economic recourse and the abandonment of traditional activities. The institutionalization of local government permitted a revitalization in the municipality, after the Carnation Revolution, which saw a growth in tertiary activities.

Geography
Montalegre is one of the two municipalities that compose the region of Barroso. The Peneda-Gerês National Park comprises 26,26% of its area (211,74 km² out of a total 806,19 km² belonging to that park).

Climate
At an elevation of 1000 m above sea level, Montalegre has a cool Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb). There is a short dry season in summer, but overall plenty of precipitation annually. The average annual temperature is around 10 C and the average annual rainfall is around 1400 mm. The driest month is July, with 23 mm. Most precipitation falls in December, with an average of 252 mm.

Summers are pleasant and dry, and winters are chilly and snowy.

Human geography
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 27 civil parishes that administer local area government and support the local populations:

 * Cabril
 * Cambeses do Rio, Donões e Mourilhe
 * Cervos
 * Chã
 * Covelo do Gerês
 * Ferral
 * Frades do Rio
 * Gralhas
 * Meixedo e Padornelos
 * Montalegre e Padroso
 * Morgade
 * Negrões
 * Outeiro
 * Paradela, Contim e Fiães
 * Peireses
 * Pitões das Júnias
 * Reigoso
 * Salto
 * Santo André
 * Sarraquinhos
 * Sezelhe e Covelães
 * Solveira
 * Tourém
 * Venda Nova e Pondras
 * Viade de Baixo e Fervidelas
 * Vila da Ponte
 * Vilar de Perdizes e Meixide

Notable people

 * Delfim Modesto Brandão (1835–??) the penultimate "Juiz" (head of state) of the micro-state of Couto Misto which lasted 4 years from 1864.
 * Bento António Gonçalves (1902–1942) the second Secretary General of the Portuguese Communist Party.
 * Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, first European to reach California

title: Montalegre