text:
Karana

Karana may refer to:
 * Karana, ancient Assyrian-Babylonian city state, modern day Tell al-Rimah
 * Karrana, a village in Bahrain
 * Karana (dance) are the 108 key transitions in classical Indian dance described in Natya Shastra
 * Karana, a caste of Odisha state in India
 * Karana (astronomy), a historical genre of Indian texts on astronomy
 * Karana (pancanga), one among the five co-ordinate members (pancanga) in the Indian system of astronomical calculations
 * Karana (moth), a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae
 * Kāraṇa, cause and effect in Advaita Vedanta
 * Karana, colloquial term for Indians in Madagascar
 * Karana, the main character in Scott O'Dell's novel Island of the Blue Dolphins, who is based on the historical Juana Maria
 * Karana the Rainkeeper, the god of rain and storms in the EverQuest MMORPG

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Karana


text:
Everything Sucks

Everything Sucks may refer to:

 * Everything Sucks (Descendents album)
 * Everything Sucks (Reel Big Fish album)
 * Everything Sucks (Princess Nokia album)
 * Everything Sucks!, 2018 Netflix TV series
 * Everything Sucks, a book by Hannah Friedman
 * "Everything Sucks", a song by Dope on the album Felons and Revolutionaries
 * "Everything Sucks", a song by Simple Plan on the album Taking One for the Team
 * "Everything Sucks (When You're Gone)", a song by MxPx on the album Before Everything & After

title: Everything Sucks


text: Talk:Everything Sucks

title: Talk:Everything Sucks


text:
Live Forever (Oasis song)

"Live Forever" is a song by the English rock band Oasis. Written by Noel Gallagher, the song was released as the third single from their debut album Definitely Maybe (1994) on 8 August 1994, just prior to that album's release. Gallagher wrote the song in 1991, before he joined Oasis.

Inspired by the Rolling Stones' "Shine a Light", "Live Forever" features a basic song structure and lyrics with an optimistic outlook that contrasted with the attitude of the grunge bands popular at the time. The song was the first Oasis single to enter the top ten in the United Kingdom, and garnered critical acclaim. In 2017, lead singer Liam Gallagher declared the song his favourite Oasis song. The British Phonographic Industry certified the song triple platinum in July 2024.

Background and recording
Noel Gallagher began working on "Live Forever" in 1991, while working for a building company in his hometown of Manchester. After his foot was crushed by a pipe in an accident, he was given a less-strenuous job working in the storeroom, allowing him more time to write songs. One night, he was listening to the Rolling Stones' album Exile on Main St.; while playing one of his own chord progressions, Gallagher noted that it sounded good against one of the vocal melodies from the album: "It was the bit from 'Shine a Light' that goes [sings], 'May the good Lord shine a light on you, Gallagher recalled. Gallagher incorporated the melody, changing the line to "Maybe I don't really want to know". For a period afterwards, that was the only part of the song Gallagher had completed.

Noel Gallagher presented a fully composed "Live Forever" to the band for the first time in early 1993 during rehearsals. According to drummer Tony McCarroll, the band were admittedly awed by it. The song was later instrumental in helping the band secure their record deal with Creation Records. Reflecting on when he first heard the song, Creation boss Alan McGee recalled, "It was probably the single greatest moment I've ever experienced with them".

The demo version of "Live Forever" begins with an acoustic guitar intro. While recording the album version, the record's producer Owen Morris cut out this intro and replaced it with a drumbeat played by McCarroll. Morris further cut a second section in Gallagher's guitar solo. Gallagher was bemused by Morris' decision, and jokingly asked him through manager Marcus Russell to "not cut it in half again on the final mix". Morris said that the removed part made him think of "Slash in leather keks with a wind machine on the Grand Canyon".

Composition
"Live Forever" is in the key of G major (varispeeded up by less than half a semitone during mixing) and is based on a G–D–Am–C–D chord progression, with the G chord becoming an Em during the pre-chorus, though the key changes to A minor following the last chorus. The vocal melody only consists of a few notes. The simplistic arrangement of the song "meant the song never resolved". Guitarist Paul Arthurs said, "for me that song could keep going."

The song begins with a voice whistling briefly and saying "Oh yeah", followed by a drum beat that plays unaccompanied for a few measures. An intermingling of the main guitar line, piano notes, and Liam Gallagher's vocals then enter. Each verse begins with Liam singing the phrase "Maybe/I don't really wanna know/How your garden grows/'Cause I just wanna fly", and each verse ends with the falsetto refrain. A guitar solo appears after the second refrain of "You and I are gonna live forever". After the third verse and refrain section, Liam Gallagher repeats the line "Gonna live forever!" four times with 'ache in his voice', followed by one final guitar solo.

The song is interpreted to be an ode to Noel and Liam Gallagher's mother Peggy. In general the lyrics of the song stress an optimistic outlook. Noel Gallagher explained that "At the time . . . it was written in the middle of grunge and all that, and I remember Nirvana had a tune called 'I Hate Myself and Want to Die', and I was like . . . 'Well, I'm not fucking having that.' As much as I fucking like him [ Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain ] and all that shit, I'm not having that. I can't have people like that coming over here, on smack, fucking saying that they hate themselves and they wanna die. That's fucking rubbish. Kids don't need to be hearing that nonsense." While Gallagher has stated he did not intend "Live Forever" as a direct retort to Nirvana or their music (being a professed fan of the band), he contrasted the lives of Cobain and his band at that point, saying, "Seems to me that here was a guy who had everything, and was miserable about it. And we had fuck-all, and I still thought that getting up in the morning was the greatest fuckin' thing ever, 'cause you didn't know where you'd end up at night. And we didn't have a pot to piss in, but it was fucking great, man". Gallagher considers the line "We see things they'll never see" the most important line of the song, explaining that old friends tend to laugh at jokes and stories that "no one else gets".

Release and reception
"Live Forever" was released on 8 August 1994 as the band's third single, less than a month before the release of their debut album, Definitely Maybe. Like the album cover, the picture sleeve for the single was one of several references to the Beatles that Oasis incorporated into their artwork. In the case of "Live Forever", the sleeve image was a photo of John Lennon's childhood home at 251 Menlove Avenue in the Liverpool suburb of Woolton, taken by rock photographer Michael Spencer Jones.

The song had been part of the band's set for longer than a year at that point, and had amassed so many mentions in reviews of the group that, according to Harris, "its release [as a single] had long seemed inevitable." In its review of the single, NME found "Live Forever" to be an improvement over Oasis's previous singles, concluding, "Basically, what thus far looked like obnoxious Manc arrogance suddenly looks like sheer effortlessness. A terrific record."

While Oasis' first two singles, "Supersonic" and "Shakermaker", were modestly received, it was "Live Forever" that "got the world's attention". "Live Forever" became Oasis' first top-ten hit, reaching number ten on the UK Singles Chart in 1994. In 1995, the song charted in the United States, reaching number two and number ten on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks and Album Rock Tracks charts, respectively. Noel Gallagher commented on the praise given to the song: "People said to me after 'Live Forever', 'Where are you gonna go after that?' And I was like, I don't think it's that good. I think it's a fucking good song, but I think I can do better."

"Live Forever" has garnered additional acclaim years after its release. In 2006, "Live Forever" was named the greatest song of all time in a poll released by Q; the song had ranked ninth in a similar Q poll three years prior. In 2007, "Live Forever" placed number one in the NME and XFM poll of the 50 "Greatest Indie Anthems Ever". Pitchfork labelled the song as Oasis' best-ever track and said of the song: "It's an honest, aspirational sentiment just as the photo of John Lennon's childhood home on the single's sleeve is an honest, tasteful exhibition of fandom." The music site went on to praise the song for its 'fearless optimism'. On 2 April 2018, Live Forever reached number one on Radio X's Best of British poll. On 5 April 2021, "Live Forever" reached number one on Radio X's Best of British 2021 poll. On 10 April 2023, it reached number one for the third time.

Music videos
Two music videos were made for "Live Forever" for British and American airplay. The original video, shot on 24 July 1994, was directed by Carlos Grasso and features unusual imagery such as Liam Gallagher sitting on a chair affixed to a wall, and a number of scenes are devoted to the band burying drummer Tony McCarroll alive. Some of the UK version of the promotional video was filmed at the Strawberry Fields memorial, the area of New York City's Central Park dedicated to John Lennon—the single cover features 251 Menlove Avenue, the childhood home of Lennon. The American video, directed by Nick Egan features the band playing in an office with pictures of Sid Vicious, Kurt Cobain, Jim Morrison, John Lennon, Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Marc Bolan, and Bobby Moore on the wall. Both videos are included on the 2004 Definitely Maybe DVD. The British music video now has over 30 million views on YouTube.

Live performances
"Live Forever" is a crowd favourite to play at concerts. In some concerts, most notably Manchester in 1996, a slideshow of famous deceased musicians Oasis admired—such as Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Bob Marley, and Sid Vicious—would be displayed behind the band, with a picture of John Lennon always at the end of the slideshow. During the early years, Liam Gallagher would personally sing the falsetto part, "You and I, we're gonna live forever." Noel Gallagher eventually picked up the role of singing the falsetto, as "Liam thought it was a bit gay." On 4 June 2017, Liam performed the song with Coldplay frontman Chris Martin and guitarist Jonny Buckland at the One Love Manchester benefit concert for the victims of the Manchester Arena bombing.

In February 2018, Liam performed the song at the 2018 Brit Awards as tribute to the victims of the Manchester Arena attack as Ariana Grande was unable to attend due to illness.

On 26 March 2022, Liam dedicated his performance of "Live Forever" to Foo Fighters drummer Taylor Hawkins, who died a day prior, during a Teenage Cancer Trust fundraiser at the Royal Albert Hall in London.

Track listings
All tracks are written by Noel Gallagher.

 * UK single (CD)
 * 1) "Live Forever" – 4:38
 * 2) "Up in the Sky" (acoustic) – 3:32
 * 3) "Cloudburst" – 5:21
 * 4) "Supersonic" (live April '94) – 5:13

 * UK single (12")
 * 1) "Live Forever" – 4:38
 * 2) "Up in the Sky" (acoustic) – 3:32
 * 3) "Cloudburst" – 5:21

 * UK single (cassette, 7-inch)
 * 1) "Live Forever" – 4:38
 * 2) "Up in the Sky" (acoustic) – 3:32

 * European single (CD)
 * Australian single (CD, cassette)
 * 1) "Live Forever" (radio edit) – 3:43
 * 2) "Live Forever" – 4:38
 * 3) "Up in the Sky" (acoustic) – 3:32
 * 4) "Cloudburst" – 5:21
 * 5) "Supersonic" (live April '94) – 5:13

 * Dutch single (CD)
 * 1) "Live Forever" (radio edit) – 3:43
 * 2) "Up in the Sky" (acoustic) – 3:32

Personnel

 * Liam Gallagher – lead vocals, tambourine
 * Noel Gallagher – lead and acoustic guitars, backing vocals
 * Paul Arthurs – rhythm guitar, piano
 * Paul McGuigan – bass guitar
 * Tony McCarroll – drums

title: Live Forever (Oasis song)


text:
Magomed Omarov (politician)

Magomed Omarov (Магомед Омаров; 15 June 1947 2 February 2005) was the deputy interior minister for the Russian Republic of Dagestan.

Career
Omarov was a major general. He was serving as a deputy to Dagestan's then interior minister late Adilgerei Magomedtagirov. In 1996, Magomed Omarov was appointed Deputy Minister of internal Affairs of the Republic of Dagestan – chief of the public security police of the Republic. In August – September 1999, during the invasion of Chechen and international militants in Dagestan, Colonel Omarov from the first day was in the combat zone, led the fighting of the Dagestan police and coordinated their actions with parts of the Russian troops

Death
Omarov survived an assassination attempt in May 2003 in Makhachkala. He was assassinated by gunmen on 2 February 2005 in Makhachkala. He rushed to hospital after the attack and died there. Cars "Niva" and VAZ-21099, in one of which sat the Deputy Minister, and in another - his guards, were fired from two parties from the automatic weapon on crossing of Lenin and Magomed Yaragsky streets near Drama theater. In addition, three more interior Ministry employees were killed. In the incident, three of his bodyguards were also killed.

The assassination occurred a month after the government announced they prevented a "terrorist attack." Omarov had coordinated all major anti-insurgent operations in the republic and had narrowly escaped another assassination attempt in 2003. It was not the first attempt on Omarov himself. Last may on Lenin Avenue under new bridge crossing through the railroad the explosive device was put. It worked when the Deputy Minister was on his way to work. Then no one was hurt. The investigating authorities were looking for the reasons for the attempt in the professional activities of the Deputy Minister. The main version of the murder will also be the work of the Minister.

title: Magomed Omarov (politician)


text:
Talk:Turn the Radio Off

Untitled
Are the Sellout lyrics really necessary? Kirbyrocks

title: Talk:Turn the Radio Off


text: Category:Reel Big Fish albums

title: Category:Reel Big Fish albums


text:
Alliance Airlines

Alliance Airlines Pty Limited is an Australian airline based at Brisbane Airport in Brisbane, Queensland, with operational bases in Adelaide, Cairns, Perth, Townsville, Darwin, and Rockhampton. Alliance Airlines owns and operates a fleet of Fokker and Embraer jet aircraft: Fokker 70, Fokker 100 and Embraer 190. Alliance runs fly-in fly-out (FIFO) air charter services for the Australian mining and resources industry, as well as private aircraft charters throughout Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific Islands and South East Asia. Alliance also provides aircraft component sales and leasing worldwide.

History
Alliance Airlines was established in 2002 when Brisbane based Queensland Airline Holdings acquired the AOC (Airline Operator Certificate) and assets of the dormant Flight West Airlines, which had been established in May 1987 and ceased scheduled services in 2001. Alliance commenced operations with two Fokker 100 aircraft and has since expanded its fleet and operational capabilities to service the growing demand from the mining and energy sector. It is a subsidiary of Alliance Aviation Services that was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange in 2011 and now has approximately 920 full-time equivalent employees.

Alliance was recognised as the first aircraft operator in Australia to attain Flight Safety Foundation Basic Aviation Risk Standard (BARS) Gold Status in 2013

In November 2015, Alliance announced the purchase of 6 Fokker 70 and 15 Fokker 100 aircraft from Austrian Airlines. In 2016, the airline was recognised as the first regional aircraft operator in Australia to attain IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA) certification. In November 2018, Alliance was awarded CAPA Asia Pacific Regional Airline of the Year.

In February 2019, Qantas acquired a 19.9% shareholding.

In August 2020, Alliance announced a deal to purchase 14 Embraer E190 jets adding to their current fleet and then in December 2020 ordered a further 16 more Embraer E190 jets bringing their total to 30. The first E190, named Brazilian Lad was received by the airline on 29 October 2020 at Brisbane Airport and was expected to enter service in February 2021.

In May 2022, Alliance announced it had agreed terms to be taken over by Qantas. The deal was subject to regulatory and shareholder approval and in April 2023, the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission opposed the takeover, and it was subsequently abandoned by both companies.

On 27 February 2023, Alliance announced it would purchase an additional 30 E190s from Aercap for delivery between September 2023 and January 2026, the aircraft will be initially certified and maintained at their new base in Rockhampton, Queensland.

Scheduled services
As of November 2023, Alliance operates a select number of routes under its own name but with the majority of its services by fly-in fly-out. These include:

 * Adelaide to Olympic Dam
 * Brisbane to Weipa
 * Brisbane to Moranbah
 * Cairns to Weipa
 * Cairns to Groote Eylandt
 * Perth to Kalgoorlie

Fly-in fly-out
Alliance Airlines operates fly-in fly-out air services (FIFO) to over 20 mine sites and services mining projects in Australia including Ballera, Cannington, Cloncurry, Cape Preston, Leinster, Mount Keith, Phosphate Hill, Telfer, Barimunya, Coondewanna, Newman, Leonora, Century Mine and The Granites.

Aircraft lease

 * Qantas; using Twenty Six Embraer 190s under a wet lease from mid 2021 under a three-year deal to operate routes under the QantasLink brand:

 * Virgin Australia; using Fokker 70 and Fokker 100 aircraft under a wet lease agreement
 * Airnorth; using 3 Embraer E190 aircraft under a dry lease agreement

Aircraft charters
Alliance Airlines provides aircraft charters throughout Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific Islands and South East Asia.

Current fleet
, Alliance Airlines operates the following aircraft:

Former fleet
Alliance Airlines has also previously operated the following aircraft types:
 * Boeing 737-400 - 2 aircraft (2012-2013, wet leased from Airwork)
 * Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia - 3 aircraft (2002-2003, inherited from Flight West Airlines, sold to Skippers Aviation)
 * Fokker 50 - 8 aircraft (2007-2022)

title: Alliance Airlines


text:
Astropolis

Astropolis (from the Greek for city of stars) may refer to:

In literature

 * An idealised future civilisation, as in Eugene Jolas' Succession in Astropolis
 * Astropolis, a science fiction cycle by Sean Williams

Fictional structures

 * Astropolis, a space station proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke
 * "Astropolis: The First Space Resort", in Playboy magazine, November, 1968
 * Asteromo, an orbiting arcology proposed by architect Paolo Soleri, sometimes called an Astropolis

title: Astropolis


text:
Talk:List of virus species

Source
Source: public domain CRISP Thesaurus maintained by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health, as amended by automated and manual filtering.
 * Link to the source appears to be dead. Bervin61 (talk) 01:44, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

WikiProject

 * there's a project page at WikiProject Viruses

Gay elephant tycomabanucleoid virus
Is there really such a thing? It sounds a bit like vandalism. I haven't checked elsewhere yet —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jon Fawkes (talk • contribs) 17:22, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Looks like it was added last October. I went ahead and removed it.  A google search reveals only Wikipedia mirror sites or an article from The Meridian Star, a daily newspaper from Mississippi, which was published in March of this year.  It's used as a throwaway line to end a list of viruses named after animals, making me think that the author of the article came here, saw it, and thought it would amusing to include in his article for The Meridian.  I suspect that he knew it wasn't real.  --Joelmills 21:26, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Too specific?
Is it worth having red links for viruses that individually are insignificant but part of a group that is significant? Such as in the case of Rotavirus and Human parainfluenza viruses? Both contain different species but they are individually not notable enough to warrant a creation of their own article, and are discussed in more detail in the Genus articles. Should deletion of these excessive(?) red links be done? ComfyKem (talk) 14:40, 2 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Retracting statement. ComfyKem (talk) 05:25, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

Needs updating
Obviously I would get in trouble if I tried to do it. All the best, Rich Farmbrough, 05:13, 12 April 2014 (UTC). 05:13, 12 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the vandal and error fighting, everyone. I am adding back "AIDS virus" though, as the list includes common names and synonyms. All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 14:49, 5 October 2014 (UTC).

 * What are the thoughts on an alphabetical list that is up-to-date with ICTV? I'm trying to figure out how to update this list, but don't really want to remove the functionality of common names and those that have been renamed. It appears that no one has kept up with this list, so maybe we really do need a clean slate, and work on common names redirecting to the current virus name. What do you think? Bervin61 (talk) 01:54, 17 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Absolutely a good idea is my first thought. Valuable for us to see how well we are progressing with coverage, potentially valuable for readers who want to see a current list.  All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 15:07, 18 March 2015 (UTC).

Taxonomical list of viruses
Hey all, I'm a brand new user, looking to submit my "up-to-date" and "complete" list of viruses. It isn't really in the scope of this alphabetical list, but I was told that someone here might have a better idea of where it ought to end up. If you'd like to have a look at it, it's sitting in my sandbox currently. If anyone could point me in the right direction, I would greatly appreciate it. Thank you! Bervin61 (talk) 19:58, 9 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Hey thanks. I'll have a look presently! All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 21:41, 16 February 2015 (UTC).

Hm.. well the ICTV list is available for all at their web site. This edit makes the scope of article (then called "list of viruses") the same as the the ICTV list.

The value-add of having types, common names, and obsolete names is of course lost.

All the best: Rich Farmbrough, 13:16, 21 August 2016 (UTC).

title: Talk:List of virus species


text:
House of Representatives (Trinidad and Tobago)

The House of Representatives is the elected lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago, along with the President and Senate of Trinidad and Tobago. The House of Representatives sits at the Red House. It has 41 members, each elected to represent single-seat constituencies. The Parliament is elected with a five-year term, but may be dissolved earlier by the President if so advised by the Prime Minister.

After an election, the person commanding the support of the most members of the House is appointed Prime Minister and asked to form a government.

Five constituencies were added in the 2007 election; there were only 36 constituencies prior to 2007. There are now 41 constituencies.

The Presiding Officer of the House of Representatives is the Speaker of the House, who can either be one of the elected 41 members, or come from outside. This has implications for the calculation of special majority votes (42 members instead of 41).

As of 20 April 2021, there are only 12 female members (28.6%), and three members born in Tobago (7.3%).


text:
USS B-1

USS B-1 (SS-10) was the lead ship of her class of submarines built for the United States Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

Description
The B-class submarines were enlarged versions of the preceding Plunger class. They had a length of 82 ft overall, a beam of 12 ft and a mean draft of 10 ft. They displaced 145 LT on the surface and 170 LT submerged. The B-class boats had a crew of one officer and nine enlisted men. They had a diving depth of 150 ft.

For surface running, they were powered by one 240 bhp gasoline engine that drove the single propeller shaft. When submerged the propeller was driven by a 115 hp electric motor. The boats could reach 9 kn on the surface and 8 kn underwater. On the surface, they had a range of 540 nmi at 9 kn and 12 nmi at 4 kn submerged.

The B-class boats were armed with two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes in the bow. They carried two reloads, for a total of four torpedoes.

Construction and career
B-1 was laid down by Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy, Massachusetts, under a subcontract from Electric Boat Company of New Suffolk, Long Island, as Viper, making her the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the viper.

Viper was launched on 30 March 1907 sponsored by Mrs. Lillian Spear, wife of Lawrence York Spear, Vice President of the Holland Torpedo Boat Company. The boat was commissioned on 18 October 1907. She reported to the Second Submarine Flotilla, Atlantic Fleet.

Service history
Viper cruised along the Atlantic coast on training and experimental exercises until going into reserve at Charleston Navy Yard on 30 November 1909. Recommissioned on 15 April 1910, she served with the Atlantic Torpedo Fleet until assigned to the Reserve Torpedo Group at Charleston Navy Yard on 9 May 1911. On 17 November, her name was changed to B-1.

In April 1914, B-1 was towed to Norfolk, Virginia, and later loaded aboard the collier USS Hector (AC-7) for transport to the Philippine Islands. Arriving at Olongapo, Luzon on 24 March 1915, B-1 was launched from the deck of Hector on 15 April and recommissioned two days later.

B-1 was assigned to the First Submarine Division, Torpedo Flotilla, Asiatic Fleet on 19 May 1915 and later served with the Second Submarine Division in Manila Bay's Naval Base Manila. On 1 December 1921, B-1 was decommissioned at Cavite, Philippine Islands, and subsequently used as a target.

title: USS B-1


text:
User talk:Wells22

You have been temporarily blocked for violation of the three-revert rule. Please feel free to return after the block expires, but also please make an effort to discuss your changes further in the future. Jayjg (talk) 23:35, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wells22


text:
USS B-3

USS B-3 (SS-12) was one of three B-class submarines built for the United States Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

Description
The B-class submarines were enlarged versions of the preceding Plunger class. They had a length of 82 ft overall, a beam of 12 ft and a mean draft of 10 ft. They displaced 145 LT on the surface and 170 LT submerged. The B-class boats had a crew of one officer and nine enlisted men. They had a diving depth of 150 ft.

For surface running, they were powered by one 240 bhp gasoline engine that drove the single propeller shaft. When submerged the propeller was driven by a 115 hp electric motor. The boats could reach 9 kn on the surface and 8 kn underwater. On the surface, they had a range of 540 nmi at 9 kn and 12 nmi at 4 kn submerged.

The B-class boats were armed with two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes in the bow. They carried two reloads, for a total of four torpedoes.

Construction and career
B-3 was laid down by Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy, Massachusetts, under a subcontract from Electric Boat Company of then New Suffolk L. I., as Tarantula, making her the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the tarantula. She was launched on 30 March 1907 sponsored by Mrs. George S. Radford, wife of Naval Constructor Radford, and commissioned on 3 December 1907.

Service history
She reported to the Atlantic Fleet, and Tarantula operated along the Atlantic coast with the First and Second Submarine Flotillas on training and experimental exercises until going into reserve at Charleston Navy Yard on 6 November 1909. She was recommissioned on 15 April 1910 and served with the Atlantic Torpedo Fleet until assigned to the Reserve Torpedo Group, Charleston Navy Yard on 9 May 1911 and placed out of commission on 4 December 1912. On 17 November, Tarantula was renamed B-3.

On 6 December 1912, B-3 was towed to Norfolk, Virginia, and loaded onto the collier USS Ajax (AG-15) for transfer to the Asiatic Station. Arriving at Cavite, Philippine Islands on 30 April 1913, B-3 was launched from Ajax on 12 May. She was recommissioned on 2 September and remained in the Philippines where she served with Submarine Division 4, Torpedo Flotilla, Asiatic Fleet.

Excerpts from the autobiography of Captain C.Q. Wright indicate he was the "Officer in Charge" of the B3 at Cavite. His crew launched the two subs off the deck of the Ajax. They then retrofitted the gasoline powered engines and motors in the Cavite Navy Yard shop readying the subs for a 48-hour shake down cruise. The first tour of duty began with sealed orders at 1900 hours, guarding Manila Bay's Naval Base Manila, in the event hostilities broke out with Japan. Orders were to sink any Japanese war vessel that came into sight, although none did. 1914: B-3 awarded the "Battle Efficiency Pennant" for the best operating submarine in the US fleet, C.O. Ensign C.Q. Wright. Decommissioned at Cavite on 25 July 1921, B-3 was subsequently used as a target.

title: USS B-3


text:
USS B-2

USS B-2 (SS-11) was one of three B-class submarines built for the United States Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

Description
The B-class submarines were enlarged versions of the preceding Plunger class. They had a length of 82 ft overall, a beam of 12 ft and a mean draft of 10 ft. They displaced 145 LT on the surface and 170 LT submerged. The B-class boats had a crew of one officer and nine enlisted men. They had a diving depth of 150 ft.

For surface running, they were powered by one 240 bhp gasoline engine that drove the single propeller shaft. When submerged the propeller was driven by a 115 hp electric motor. The boats could reach 9 kn on the surface and 8 kn underwater. On the surface, they had a range of 540 nmi at 9 kn and 12 nmi at 4 kn submerged.

The B-class boats were armed with two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes in the bow. They carried two reloads, for a total of four torpedoes.

Construction and career
B-2 was laid down by Fore River Shipbuilding Company in Quincy, Massachusetts, under subcontract from Electric Boat Company of New Suffolk, L. I., as Cuttlefish, making her the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the cuttlefish, a 10-armed marine mollusk similar to the squid.

Cuttlefish was launched on 1 September 1906 sponsored by Ms. Eleanor Gow, daughter of Commander J. L. Gow, and commissioned on 18 October 1907. She reported to the Second Submarine Flotilla, Atlantic Fleet.

Cuttlefish operated along the Atlantic coast, running experiments, testing machinery and equipment, and conducting extensive training exercises until going into reserve at Charleston Navy Yard on 30 November 1909. Recommissioned on 15 April 1910, she served with the Atlantic Torpedo Fleet until joining the Reserve Torpedo Group at Charleston Navy Yard on 9 May 1911. The boat was renamed B-2 on 17 November. B-2 remained in reserve until placed out of commission on 4 December 1912. On 6 December, she was towed to Norfolk, Virginia, and loaded onto USS Ajax (AG-15) for transfer to the Asiatic Station. Sailing via the Suez Canal, Ajax arrived at Cavite, Philippine Islands on 30 April 1913, and B-2 was launched on 12 May. She was recommissioned on 2 August and assigned to the Torpedo Flotilla, Asiatic Fleet. She remained on duty in the Philippines, Naval Base Manila, until decommissioned at Cavite on 12 December 1919. B-2 was subsequently used as a target.

title: USS B-2


text:
R (New York City Subway service)

The R Broadway Local is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored since it uses the BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan.

The R operates local between 71st Avenue in Forest Hills, Queens, and 95th Street in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, at all times except nights, when it short turns at Whitehall Street–South Ferry in Lower Manhattan from Brooklyn. The R runs via Queens Boulevard in Queens, Broadway in Manhattan, and Fourth Avenue in Brooklyn. One northbound a.m. rush hour trip terminates at 96th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan instead of 71st Avenue in Queens.

The R was originally the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation's 2 service, running along the BMT Fourth Avenue Line in Brooklyn then traveling through the Montague Street Tunnel to Manhattan, then running local on the BMT Broadway Line. The 2 became the RR in 1961. The RR ran local along the BMT Astoria Line in Queens, terminating at Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard until it switched terminals with the N in 1987. The RR became the R in 1985. After 1987, the R ran via the IND Queens Boulevard Line to Forest Hills, Queens. A variant of the RR/R, from Bay Ridge to Chambers Street in Lower Manhattan via the BMT Nassau Street Line, ran from 1967 until 1987.

Early history
The current R service is the successor to the original route 2 of the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation. When 2 service began on January 15, 1916, it ran between Chambers Street on the BMT Nassau Street Line and 86th Street on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line, using the Manhattan Bridge to cross the East River, and running via Fourth Avenue local. Service on the BMT Broadway Line, which at the time ran only between Whitehall Street–South Ferry and Times Square–42nd Street, began exactly two years later on January 15, 1918. On July 10, 1919, service was extended to 57th Street–Seventh Avenue with the opening of that station.

The Montague Street Tunnel and the 60th Street Tunnel both opened on August 1, 1920. At that time, the 2 service was rerouted from the Manhattan Bridge to the Montague Street Tunnel, running local from Queensboro Plaza in Queens to 86th Street–Fourth Avenue in Brooklyn. The Bay Ridge–95th Street station opened on October 31, 1925, and became the service's new southern terminus. During this time, rush-hour specials to Chambers Street were sporadically added and removed, eventually becoming an addition to the line. At one time, including during 1931, additional midday service operated local between 57th Street and Whitehall Street–South Ferry. The 2 also used the Nassau Street Loop during rush hours, entering Manhattan via the Manhattan Bridge or Montague Street Tunnel and leaving via the other.

On October 17, 1949, the platform edges on the BMT Astoria Line had been shaved back to accommodate the larger BMT trains, and the BMT's Astoria Shuttle was replaced with service from the 2 Fourth Avenue Line operating from Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard in Astoria, Queens to Bay Ridge–95th Street in Brooklyn at all times. On June 29, 1950, special rush hour trains began running between Bay Ridge–95th Street and Chambers Street via the south side of the Manhattan Bridge and/or the Montague Street Tunnel. The special rush hour trains were discontinued two years later. On June 28, 1952, special service from 95th Street to the Nassau Street Line was discontinued on Saturdays.

1960s–1970s changes
In the winter of 1960–61, letter designations started to appear on the route with the introduction of the R27s, which featured it on roll signs. The route was labeled the RR "Fourth Avenue Local via Tunnel". This was in accordance with the Independent Subway System's lettering system, which gave double letters to local trains and single letters to express trains. On January 1, 1961, the RR's northern terminus was relocated to its current location at Forest Hills–71st Avenue, via the BMT 60th Street Tunnel Connection, also known as the "11th Street Cut", and the IND Queens Boulevard Line. Night and weekend RR trains still terminated at 57th Street in Manhattan. Evening rush hour Fourth Avenue–Nassau trains went back to the routing that was used prior to 1959, in which trains ran from Broad Street to 95th Street via the Manhattan Bridge, and the Fourth Avenue express tracks.

On November 27, 1967, the day after the Chrystie Street Connection opened, the RR was moved back to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard on the BMT Astoria Line. Replacing it on the Queens Boulevard Line was the new EE service, running weekdays only between Forest Hills–71st Avenue and Whitehall Street (with additional trains terminating at Canal Street). The Nassau Street specials, which could no longer run as a loop via the Manhattan Bridge, were through-routed from Bay Ridge–95th Street to 168th Street in Jamaica as RJ, along the route used today by the J and Z services. Under the first color scheme, RR was colored green and RJ was red. In the original Chrystie Street routing plans, the TA planned to totally eliminate the RR service, and maintain the RJ route as the main Bay Ridge service.

The RJ designation was only used from November 1967 until July 1, 1968, when it was cut back to Chambers Street and renamed as additional RR rush-hour peak-direction service. Because track connections between the Nassau Street Loop and the south tracks of the Manhattan Bridge were severed as part of the construction of the Chrystie Street Connection, these trains could not run in a loop anymore. On August 30, 1976, the EE was discontinued, with the N being extended to Forest Hills on weekdays to replace it.

On January 24, 1977, as part of a series of NYCTA service cuts to save $13 million, many subway lines began running shorter trains during middays. As part of the change, RR trains began running with six cars between 10:45 a.m. and 2:05 p.m.

In 1979, the MTA released a revised coloring scheme; RR service was assigned the color yellow (because it used the BMT Broadway Line). Although BMT Nassau Street Line services were colored brown, the rush hour RR service that used the Nassau Street Line was colored yellow, using a diamond bullet. The RR service via Nassau Street was referred to as the "Chambers Street Special".

1980s–2000s changes
On May 6, 1985, the MTA eliminated double letters for local service; the RR became the R. R service on the Broadway Line continued to use a yellow bullet, while the special Chambers Street–Bay Ridge rush-hour service was signed with a brown diamond with a white R inside, matching the J and M services using the BMT Nassau Street Line.

Starting on April 28, 1986, R service on the Nassau Street Line was extended to Metropolitan Avenue for layups and put-ins from Fresh Pond Yard. After the N/R swap, the Nassau R used East New York Yard equipment. This rush hour service was discontinued on November 20, 1987.

On May 24, 1987, the northern terminals of the N and R were swapped. The swap placed the R along the IND Queens Boulevard Line to Forest Hills–71st Avenue once again, with the N replacing it in Astoria. The change was made to give the R direct access to the Jamaica Yard (where the train is assigned to this day), and previously, R trains had to make non-passenger runs, or "deadheads", to/from the Coney Island Yard. As part of the reroute plan, F service along Queens Boulevard was discontinued during late nights (1 a.m. to 5 a.m.). Late night local service was replaced by the R, which ran as a Queens Boulevard Local at all times. F trains were cut back to 57th Street on the Sixth Avenue Line during late nights. In 1986, the TA studied which two services should serve the line during late nights as ridership at this time did not justify three services. A public hearing was held in December 1986, and it was determined that having the E and R run during late nights provided the best service.

On December 11, 1988, the Archer Avenue Lines opened, and the E was rerouted to its current terminus at Jamaica Center via the Queens Boulevard Line's express tracks. E trains began running express east of Continental Avenue, skipping 75th Avenue and Van Wyck Boulevard at all times. The R was extended from Continental Avenue to 179th Street to provide local service; this allowed F trains to continue running express to 179th Street, and F trains skipped 169th Street between 10 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.  During the morning rush hour, four R trains went into service at Continental Avenue, because local ridership from 179th Street during rush hours did not warrant it. All R trains went to 179th Street during the afternoon rush to avoid taking loaded R trains out of service at Continental Avenue.

Two service plans were identified prior to a public hearing on February 25, 1988, concerning the service plan for the new extension. The first would have split rush-hour E service between the two branches, with late night service to 179th Street provided by the R, while the second would have had all E trains run via Archer Avenue and would have extended R locals to 179th Street. A modified version of the second plan was decided upon: some E trains would run from 179th Street instead of Archer Avenue during morning rush hours, though all E trains would run to Archer Avenue during the afternoon rush hour to reduce confusion for Queens-bound riders. The 1988 changes angered some riders because they resulted in the loss of direct Queens Boulevard Express service at local stations east of 71st Avenue—namely the 169th Street, Sutphin Boulevard, Van Wyck Boulevard and 75th Avenue stations. Local elected officials pressured the MTA to eliminate all-local service at these stations.

As part of service cuts on September 30, 1990, the R was cut back to 71st Avenue outside of rush hours. Local service to 179th Street was replaced by F trains, which provided Queens Boulevard Express service during middays, evenings, and weekends. Late-night R service became a shuttle between 36th Street/Fourth Avenue and 95th Street in Brooklyn; during this time, service along Queens Boulevard to 179th Street was replaced by G service.

In 1992, the MTA considered three options to improve service at these local stops, including leaving service as is, having E trains run local east of 71st Avenue along with R service, and having F trains run local east of 71st Avenue replacing R service, which would be cut back to 71st Avenue at all times. The third option was chosen to be tested for six months starting in October or November 1992. On October 26, 1992, R trains were cut back to 71st Avenue at all times, and in its place, the F ran local east of 71st Avenue at all times, thus eliminating express service along Hillside Avenue. After the six months, the change was kept because there was minimal negative passenger reaction and because of the intensity of the request, even though 77% of passengers had benefited from the pre-October 1992 service plan. The change increased travel time along the F by $3 1/2$ minutes, and reduced travel time for passengers at local stations by one to two minutes.

In October 2000, late-night shuttle trains in Brooklyn began skipping 53rd Street and 45th Street in the northbound direction. This was so shuttle trains could terminate more quickly at 36th Street–Fourth Avenue, their northern terminal. Previously, all northbound B, N and R trains had stopped at the same track at 36th Street, which resulted in delays because it took several minutes for the R trains to be cleared.

On September 11, 2001, after the attack on the World Trade Center, the BMT Broadway Line was damaged, and the R service was cut back to run only south of Court Street. On September 17, R service was completely suspended, being replaced with service in Brooklyn and  service in Manhattan and Queens. All three trains returned to normal service by October 28. Effective December 16, 2001, to accommodate new V service, the frequency of R service during the morning rush hour was decreased, with trains running every six minutes instead of every five minutes.

On September 8, 2002, Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue was closed for reconstruction. As a result, late night R service was extended to Pacific Street, running express between that station and 36th Street. On April 27, 2003, the frequency of Saturday morning and afternoon service was decreased, with trains running every 12 minutes instead of every 8 minutes. Trains also ran every 12 minutes on Sunday mornings and afternoons, instead of every 15 and 12 minutes on Sunday mornings, and every 10 and 8 minutes on Sunday afternoons. Late night service was cut back to 36th Street when the north side of the Manhattan Bridge reopened on February 22, 2004.

2010s and 2020s changes
After Hurricane Sandy flooded the subway system, the Montague Street Tunnel was completely flooded. When service was restored, the R train was split into two sections (between Forest Hills and 34th Street–Herald Square at all times except late nights, and between Jay Street–MetroTech and Bay Ridge–95th Street at all times). On December 4, the Queens–Manhattan section was extended to Whitehall Street–South Ferry. On December 21, full service was restored between Manhattan and Brooklyn after the Montague Street Tubes were drained.

However, from August 2, 2013, to fall 2014, the tunnel was closed again so that extra repairs could be completed, bringing back similar storm changes to the R train. On weekdays, the divided R ran in two sections: one section between Forest Hills and Whitehall Street–South Ferry, and the other between Court Street and Bay Ridge–95th Street. On weekends, the R train ran its full route via the Manhattan Bridge, skipping all stations between Canal Street and DeKalb Avenue. The weekday service between Forest Hills and Whitehall Street essentially recreated the former EE route from 1967 to 1976. Originally slated to open by October 2014, the tunnel reopened a few weeks early, on September 15, 2014, and several million dollars under budget.

Beginning on November 5, 2016, late-night R service was extended north to Whitehall Street-South Ferry in order to provide a one-seat ride into Manhattan. This eliminated the need for northbound trains to skip 45th Street and 53rd Street in order to reverse on the express tracks at 36th Street. The change took place on November 5, 2016. During late weekend evenings, every other R train short turned at Whitehall Street, resulting in waiting time doubling along the entire Brooklyn portion of the route. As part of the changes, these short-turns were extended to 95th Street.

Starting November 6, 2017, one northbound R trip was diverted to serve the then-new Second Avenue Subway in order to increase service on that line during the morning rush hour. In February 2019, in the midst of a transit crisis, several Bay Ridge politicians proposed splitting the R route in half, similar to the pattern enacted during the Montague Street Tunnel closures in 2013 and 2014, citing the route's length and unreliability. This proposal has been met with criticism from local riders, mostly because it would eliminate a one-seat ride into Manhattan.

On March 17, 2023, New York City Transit made adjustments to evening and late night, and R service to accommodate long-term CBTC installation on the Queens Boulevard Line between Union Turnpike and 179th Street. Evening R service originating from 95th Street after 8:30 pm on weekdays and after 9 pm on weekends was cut back from 71st Avenue to Queens Plaza. In August 2023, it was announced that midday headways on the R would be reduced to eight minutes although the MTA delayed the service increase until early 2024.

Service pattern
The following table shows the lines used by the R, with shaded boxes indicating the route at the specified times:

Stations
For a more detailed station listing, see the articles on the lines listed above.

title: R (New York City Subway service)


text:
Tintwistle

Tintwistle is a village and civil parish in the High Peak district of Derbyshire, England, which had a population of 1,400 at the 2011 census. The village is just north of Glossop at the lower end of Longdendale Valley. Tintwistle, like nearby Crowden and Woodhead, lies within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire.

Etymology
The -twistle part of the name is derived from the Old English twisla, meaning "confluence" (English twistle, compare Haltwhistle, Northumberland). The first part of the name possibly preserves a Brittonic river-name, an old name for the River Etherow, of the *Tīn- type (compare River Tyne).

History
Tintwistle was, until 1974, part of the Tintwistle Rural District in the administrative county of Cheshire. After 1936, it shared the rare but not unique distinction of being a rural district in England consisting of one parish. In 1974, when the Local Government Act 1972 came into force, the nearby urban areas of Cheshire were placed in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester. Placing Tintwistle in the new non-metropolitan county of Cheshire would have left it an exclave. Instead it became part of the High Peak district of the non-metropolitan county of Derbyshire.

Geography
Tintwistle sits at the western end of the Longdendale valley and is divided in two by the busy A628. The older part of the village sits on the northern side of the road, set back on the valley side. Some buildings in the old part of the village are said to date back to the 16th century, including the Bull's Head public house.

A section of the village is within the Peak District national park boundary and is designated a conservation area. Most of the buildings in the newer parts of the village are of the Victorian period or later and sit closer to, or to the south of, the A628 towards Hadfield. The Peak District Boundary Walk runs south to north through the village.

Local events
The well in the old part of the village is decorated every year as part of the custom of well dressing and there is a Children's Gala held each summer.

Tintwistle has a history of hosting an annual horticultural show which was organised by the British Legion until circa 2002 when it ceased. In 2011 Tintwistle Allotment Gardeners' Association took up the cudgel and started the Tintwistle Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Village Show, which takes place in September.

At Christmas time, Christ Church holds a candlelit carol service accompanied by Tintwistle Band and the Friends of Conduit Street Playing Fields in conjunction with Arnfield Brass, organise an outdoor carol concert and Christmas fayre, centred around a Christmas tree which is decorated by the Children from the Village School.

Sport
Tintwistle has a football club, Tintwistle Athletic FC, a community charter standard club, who challenge in the Manchester Football League and also have up to 20 junior teams. The village is also home to Tintwistle Cricket Club and Tintwistle Crown Green Bowling Club.

Culture and community
Tintwistle is home to two brass bands, the original Tintwistle Brass Band and Arnfield Brass, a splinter group of junior members of Tintwistle Brass formed in 2003.

Conduit Street Playing Fields is the largest open space in the village and site of the only children's playground. In the summer of 2015, dilapidated play equipment was removed from the site by High Peak Borough Council on safety grounds. This led to the founding of the Friends of Conduit Street Playing Fields, a voluntary community group with the express aim of rejuvenating the dilapidated playground and promoting the site's use as a community resource. The Friends were successful in a bid for £40,000 worth of funding from the Veolia Environmental Trust and a further £10,000 was secured by the group through the Tesco Bags of Help fund. High Peak Borough Council added a further £10,000 to the project. With the funding in place, the design for the new park went out to tender for in February 2017. The tender was based upon responses to the public surveys conducted by the Friends group. A winning bid was chosen, partly by public vote, in March 2017 and work commenced on site in early May. The new play equipment was declared open on 23 May 2017. A small, formal ceremony to officially open the park took place in mid‐June with HPBC Councillor John Haken, Executive Member for Operational Services, in attendance. This was followed by a much larger celebration held on 19 August. Since the completion of the renovations the Friends group has organised a number of community events on the site including an annual Christmas celebration with festive music provided by Arnfield Brass and local businesses providing refreshments.

Notable locals

 * Dame Vivienne Westwood DBE (1941–2022), fashion designer, was born in nearby Hollingworth and grew up in Tintwistle. Her funeral was held, in January 2024, at Christ Church in the village.
 * Andrew (AJ) Harris, cricketer, is from Tintwistle.
 * Nellie Pucell Unthank (1846–1915), Mormon Pioneer, early settler in Cedar City, Utah, was born in the village.

title: Tintwistle


text:
Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago

The Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago is the legislative branch of the Government of Trinidad and Tobago. The Parliament is bicameral. Besides the President of Trinidad and Tobago, it is composed of the House of Representatives, which is composed of the Speaker of the House of Representatives in addition to 41 directly elected members serving a five-year term in single-seat constituencies, and the Senate which has 31 members appointed by the President: 16 Government Senators appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister, 6 Opposition Senators appointed on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition and 9 Independent Senators appointed by the President to represent other sectors of civil society. It is at present the only parliament in the world with an incumbent female President, President of the Senate, Speaker of the House of Representatives and Leader of the Opposition and made history by appointing the Caribbean's first and only transgender parliamentarian on 15 February 2022. As of 20 April 2021, there are only 24 female members, or 32.9% and eight members born in Tobago or 11.0%.

International affiliation(s)

 * ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly
 * Canada-Caribbean Parliamentary Friendship Group
 * Commonwealth Parliamentary Association
 * Inter-Parliamentary Union IPU

title: Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago


text:
Senate (Trinidad and Tobago)

The Senate of Trinidad and Tobago is the appointed upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago, along with the President and House of Representatives of Trinidad and Tobago. The Senate currently sits at the Red House. The Senate has 31 members all appointed by the President: 16 Government Senators appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister, 6 Opposition Senators appointed on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition and 9 Independent Senators appointed on the discretion of the President from outstanding persons who represent other sectors of civil society. The presiding officer, the President of the Senate, is elected from among the Senators who are not Ministers or Parliamentary Secretaries. A senator must be at least 25 years old and a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago. The current President of the Senate is Senator Nigel de Freitas. As of 20 April 2021, there are only 13 female senators, or 41.9% and 6 Tobagonian senators or 19.4%. The Senate made history on 15 February 2022 by appointing Jowelle de Souza as an acting opposition senator, thus making her the Caribbean's first and only transgender parliamentarian.

title: Senate (Trinidad and Tobago)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Threshold in Polish mythology

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE (5 delete, 1 neutral/merge, 1 keep). jni 09:39, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Threshold in Polish mythology
A complete and utter nonesence, badly written by an anon, as far as I can tell. Linked only from an ambigous 'see also' at Slavic mythology. The unused redirects Thresholds (Polish mythology) and Threshold (Polish mythology) should go as well.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 23:45, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * delete, unsupported by anything. Halibutt 01:23, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonsense. Katefan0 19:34, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, original research, article as it stands is un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 00:42, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Utterly useless. Delete. Edeans 03:58, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No vote, but I am not convinced that this is "utter nonsense." There are a wide variety of folklore beliefs about passing through doors; many cultures believe that doors are appropriate places to hang lucky charms or have rituals to bless them.  If this is accurate it wants merger (?) with a larger article that covers these beliefs generally, but I am at a loss to say what that article is.  --Smerdis of Tlön 16:37, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Spinboy 23:48, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Category:Mario Kart

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Mario Kart


text:
User:Carl Henderson

About
Born in 1963, somewhere between the end of the Baby Boom and the beginning of Generation X, Carl Henderson was raised in Fort Worth, Texas. He grew up playing with Legos, attending Fort Worth Country Day School, and reading way too much. After graduating Country Day, he went on Texas A&M University, which he attended on a Lechner Fellowship.

At Texas A&M, he started out as an English major, but grew bored with the general pointlessness of it. After learning that a Dungeons & Dragons major was not an option, he switched to Political Science.

He has a BS in Political Science from Texas A&M University (1985) and a MS in Information Systems from the University of Texas at Arlington's College of Business (1991). Carl Henderson has worked at General Dynamics, UTA's Automation and Robotics Research Institute, Nortel, DSC Communications, Micrin Technologies, USRF Corporation, and Roam Technologies.

His hobbies include reading (science fiction, fantasy, mysteries, fanfiction, history, and science), Second Life (where he co-founded the Caledon Oxbridge Gateway), Dungeons & Dragons Online, gamemastering pen-and-paper role-playing games, goofing off on the internet (since 1991), collecting Tarot decks, and collecting fantasy miniatures.

He is single, a skeptic, and lives in Irving, Texas (an inner ring suburb of Dallas).

He can most easily be reached via email at j.carl.henderson@gmail.com.

Wikipedia articles primarily written by myself
These are articles that I either wrote in their entirety, or so extensively revised and expanded that the article is essentially 90-100% my work:
 * Valz Prize
 * Luis Cruls
 * Council of Governments – DYK for July 2, 2015
 * Clallam County Courthouse – DYK for May 17, 2015
 * William Mundy (composer) – DYK for May 14, 2015
 * Müller (Martian crater)

Wikipedia articles with significant contributions from me
Then there are articles that I’ve contributed to substantially–approximately 50-90% of the writing/rewriting, as well as extensive research and citations for any unreferenced original content.

 * Adland
 * Alliance of Women Directors
 * Thomas M. Blackstock
 * Thomas M. and Bridget Blackstock House
 * Anya Camilleri
 * Hayden Schilling
 * Herschel (Martian crater)
 * Kirby krackle
 * Vernon Jones – Good Article – DYK for November 9, 2015

"No, but I've put a lot work into it"
These articles may not quite meet my "approximately 50-90% of the writing/rewriting" guideline, but I've done extensive work, and collaborated with many excellent editors, and I'm quite pleased with them.

 * 2015 Mina stampede
 * Mecca crane collapse
 * The Hunting Ground

Old articles primarily written by myself (2004 to 2008)
Though I'm still proud of the work I did on these articles, I haven't touched them in years. They have all been greatly expanded and improved by subsequent editors. In some cases, little or nothing of my work remains. But that's how Wikipedia is supposed to work!
 * Frank Belknap Long
 * Michael Whelan
 * Grethe Rask
 * PerkinElmer

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title: User:Carl Henderson


text: Category:Circle dances

title: Category:Circle dances


text: User talk:65.1.183.96

title: User talk:65.1.183.96


text:
Eysenck

Eysenck is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Hans Eysenck (1916–1997), German-born British psychology professor
 * Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, psychological test developed by Hans Eysenck
 * Michael Eysenck (born 1944), British psychology professor, son of Hans
 * Sybil B. G. Eysenck (1927–2020), Austrian-born British psychologist, wife of Hans

title: Eysenck


text:
Template talk:Hiero/ed/bgcolour

What is this template?
 * This template is part of a range of templates used to render Egyptian hieroglyphs in Wikipedia.
 * Specifically, this template encodes the background colour of templates when called by the parameter.
 * This is designed to be used for the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt.
 * Gareth Hughes 23:46, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Hiero/ed/bgcolour


text:
Joachim Hoffmann

Joachim Hoffmann (1 December 1930 – 8 February 2002) was a German historian who was the academic director of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office.

Life
Joachim Hoffmann was born in Königsberg, East Prussia, in 1930. In the latter stages of World War II Hoffmann's family fled to western Germany to avoid the advancing Red Army. There the family settled in Berlin.

From 1951 Hoffmann studied modern history, eastern European history and comparative ethnology at the Free University of Berlin and University of Hamburg. In 1959 he received his PhD in history for his study Die Berliner Mission des Grafen Prokesch-Osten 1849–1852. From 1960 until 1995 Hoffmann was working in the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office, where his field of expertise was the "Armed Forces of the Soviet Union". In his later years he held the post of scientific director. After Hoffmann had retired in 1995, he continued to work as an independent author.

He died in Freiburg in February 2002.

Work
Hoffmann published a number of books and articles mainly on the German-Soviet war (1941–1945). Most of his works were based on little-known topics like Deutsche und Kalmyken 1942 bis 1945 (Germans and the Kalmyk people) (1977), Die Ostlegionen 1941 bis 1943 (1981) and Kaukasien 1942/43: Das deutsche Heer und die Orientvölker der Sowjetunion (Caucasus 1942/43: The German army and the eastern peoples of the Soviet Union) (1991). Also in 1984 he published the book Die Geschichte der Wlassow-Armee (History of the Vlasov Army) (1984). A Russian version of the book was published by YMCA Press in 1990.

From the middle of the 1980s, Hoffmann was involved in the debate about alleged Soviet preparations for an attack on Germany since the summer of 1940. In 1995, right after he had retired, he published his work Stalins Vernichtungskrieg 1941–1945 ("Stalin's War of Extermination").

Controversies
Hoffmann has been criticised by historians for his uncritical attitude to the Nazi regime, and its war in the Soviet Union. Most critics concentrate on his last book, Stalins Vernichtungskrieg 1941–1945 (Stalin's War of Extermination). In particular, his skepticism over the use of gas chambers to execute concentration camp inmates, as well as his claim that the death toll of six million Jews was a product of Soviet propaganda are both criticized. In 1996, the German Bundestag stated that scholars unanimously rejected claims in the book including Hoffmann's preventative war thesis, and his skepticism over of the death toll of roughly 1 million Jews at Auschwitz.

An expert witness on a trial of Holocaust denier Germar Rudolf
In 1995, Joachim Hoffmann served as an expert witness in a court. Wigbert Grabert published the anthology Grundlagen der Zeitgeschichte by Germar Rudolf, a Holocaust denier convicted of Volksverhetzung (incitement of the people), under his pseudonym "Ernst Gauss". Grabert was charged with this. Hoffmann prepared an expert opinion for Grabert's trial. The district court of Tübingen had the anthology confiscated for Holocaust denial and sentenced Grabert to a fine. Rudolf published Hoffmann's opinion in 1997 in the Holocaust-denying journal Vierteljahreshefte für freie Geschichtsforschung (VffG).

Selected works

 * Die Ostlegionen 1941 – 1943. Turkotartaren, Kaukasier, Wolgafinnen im deutschen Heer, 1976
 * Deutsche und Kalmyken 1942 – 1945, 3. edition, 1977
 * Der Angriff auf die Sowjetunion, in: Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, mit Jürgen Förster; Horst Boog, 1987
 * Kaukasien 1942/43. Das deutsche Heer und die Orientvölker der Sowjetunion, 1991
 * "Die Angriffsvorbereitungen der Sowjetunion 1941", in: Zwei Wege nach Moskau. Vom Hitler-Stalin-Pakt bis zum "Unternehmen Barbarossa" , München und Zürich 1991
 * Stalins Vernichtungskrieg 1941–1945, Herbig Verlag, [3rd edition] 1999 ISBN 3-7766-2079-X
 * Reviewed by R.C.Raack in Slavic Review Vol. 55, No. 2 (Summer, 1996), pp. 493–494
 * Berlin Friedrichsfelde. Ein deutscher Nationalfriedhof, 2001
 * Die Tragödie der 'Russischen Befreiungsarmee' 1944/45. Wlassow gegen Stalin, Herbig Verlag, 2003 ISBN 3-7766-2330-6

title: Joachim Hoffmann


text:
Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port

Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port (literally "Saint John [at the] Foot of [the] Pass"; Donibane Garazi; San Juan Pie de Puerto) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is close to Ostabat in the Pyrenean foothills. The town is also the old capital of the traditional Basque province of Lower Navarre. Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port is also a starting point for the French Way Camino Francés, the most popular option for travelling the Camino de Santiago.

Geography
The town lies on the river Nive, 8 km from the Spanish border, and is the head town of the region of Basse-Navarre (Lower Navarre in English) and was classified among the Most Beautiful Villages of France in 2016. The Pays de Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, also called Pays de Cize (Garazi in Basque), is the region surrounding Saint-Jean-Pied-Port. The town's layout is essentially one main street with sandstone walls encircling. It is about 50 km by air and 75 km on road away from Pamplona (Iruña), the capital of Upper Navarre, across the Spanish border.

Neighbouring towns and villages

 * Saint-Jean-le-Vieux
 * Ossès
 * Baigorri
 * Estérençuby
 * Ispoure
 * Uhart-Cize
 * Arnéguy
 * Luzaide/Valcarlos (Spain)

History
The original town at nearby Saint-Jean-le-Vieux was razed to the ground in 1177 by the troops of Richard the Lionheart after a siege. The Kings of Navarre refounded the town on its present site shortly afterwards.

The town was thereafter a town of the Kingdom of Navarre, and the seat of the sheriff of the Lower Navarre district ("merindad" of Ultrapuertos or Deça-Ports). It remained as such up to the period of the Spanish conquest (1512-1528) when King Henry II of Navarre decided to transfer the seat of the royal institutions to Saint Palais (Donapaleu) on safety grounds.

The town has traditionally been an important point on the Way of St. James, the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, as it stands at the base of the Roncevaux Pass across the Pyrenees. Pied-de-Port means 'foot of the pass' in Pyrenean French. The routes from Paris, Vézelay and Le Puy-en-Velay meet at Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port and it was the pilgrims' last stop before the arduous mountain crossing.

In 1998, the Porte St-Jacques (city gate) was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites as part of the sites along the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France.

Main sights
The cobbled rue de la Citadelle runs down hill and over the river from the fifteenth century Porte St-Jacques to the Porte d'Espagne by the bridge. From the bridge, there are views of the old houses with balconies overlooking the Nive. Many of the buildings are very old, built of pink and grey schist, and retain distinctive features, including inscriptions over their doors. One, a bakery, lists the price of wheat in 1789. The 14th-century red schist Gothic church, Notre-Dame-du-Bout-du-Pont, stands by the Porte d'Espagne. The original was built by Sancho the Strong of Navarre to commemorate the 1212 Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa where Moorish dominance of Spain was undermined.

Above the town at the top of the hill is the citadel, remodelled by Vauban in the 17th century.

Outside the walls is a new town, with the Hôtel de Ville and a pelota fronton.

Economy
Traditional crafts and foods remain in the town, including Basque linen from the Inchauspé family since 1848. The town is now an important tourist centre for the Pyrenees and the French Basque country and there are shops, restaurants and hotels.

St-Jean-Pied-de-Port specializes in goat cheese, like the Ossau-Iraty AOP cheese, artisanal trout breeding and piperade omelette with peppers and Bayonne ham.

Mondays see a large market, with sheep and cattle driven into the town. At 5pm, there is a communal game of bare-handed pelote at the fronton. There are large fairs four times a year.

Transportation
Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port station is the southern terminus of the railway line from Bayonne through the French Basque Country, along the valley of the river Nive, with several services each day. It is 1 km from the centre of the town. Biarritz Airport is the closest airport to Saint Jean Pied de Port.

Notable people

 * Bernard Etxepare (late 15th - mid 16th century), writer of first printed book in Basque.
 * Juan Huarte de San Juan (c. 1530–1592), physician and psychologist was born there.
 * Charles Floquet (1828–1896), born in Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, French lawyer and statesman.
 * Imanol Harinordoquy (born 1980), French international rugby union player, grew up in the town.

title: Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port


text:
Talk:Narain Karthikeyan

Timeline section
The "Timeline" section is currently a subsection of the "Early career" section. If it's intended to only be a timeline of his early career, then it should stop at 2004. If it's intended to be a timeline of his entire career, then it shouldn't be a subsection of "Early career". Probably the best solution would be to replace it with a "Career summary" table like this one. DH85868993 (talk) 08:21, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Still with Williams
Is he still a tester for williams. From what i know i dont think he is. He hasnt done any testing for the team in a long time. Pattav2 (talk) 11:57, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Tamil
The tamil version of his name as mentioned is incorrect. It says "Narayan Karthiekayana". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.164.38.153 (talk) 14:37, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

redirect message
typing in "Narain" does not give a redirect to Narain Karthikeayn. It actually gives a "This may refer to" page. i would be grateful if someone could take away the "Narain redirects here" message. Matt G (talk) 18:27, 12 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Done. DH85868993 (talk) 09:16, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

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Talk:Yann Tiersen

Comment
'Polifacetic' isn't really an English word; that is, the only entry for it on OneLook says it means 'versatile' in Spanish. And even if one can find it in English usage (there are a few plainly jocular instances on Google), is it not unnecessarily esoteric a term in the context of a Wikipedia article? I suggest a revision of the sentence, or the creation of a relevant Wiktionary entry.

Versatile
"Polifactic" is an unnecessary neologism. I think they are groping toward "poly-faceted", but "versatile" is a more natural word to use here. The whole article seems to be a somewhat stilted translation from the French. Ogg 13:50, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

'Intimistic' isn't an English word either. Can anyone think of something better? (warm? cosy?)

While we're at it, what is a "multi-instrumentalist"? Does he play multiple instruments? Concurrently? Simultaneously? --maru  (talk)  contribs 02:33, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

- maru, see multi-instrumentalist. Well, in the case of Yann Tiersen it means he plays multiple instruments and tends to switch between them during performances. Sometimes they are played on the same time, see here and here. But he does bring a band with him. necz0r 21:28, 10 Feb 2008 (CET)

Grammar
The Grammar in this article is absolutely horrendous, to change we would need to rewrite the entire thing, and I don't have enought time for that right now, but I need to research further on the topic for now and wait until I have time to rewrite it and turn into a powerful article, because as it stands right now, it is an absolute disgrace. I tried to rewrite the first two paragraphs and fixed them as best as I could for now...but we really need some time to fix it. If anyone has reliable information or suggestions on how to improve please tell me. Kiske 08:12, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Collaboration with Gackt?
This article says that Yann Tiersen collaborated with Gackt in his last album, but I have the album and there isn't Gackt isn't credited anywhere. Should we change that?

- I'm all for changing it 'cause I can't find any confirmation on it. Unetta 11:23, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

New Age Classification
Can someone explain to my how his music is "new age" rather than, say, European folk music? In what way is his music new age other than that it is instrumental? I think articles throw around the new age moniker too often without critically looking at what it means. Does he define himself in this way? And why do critics define him in this way? --Aeranis 17:11, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

- I agree. The term is often used too loosely, even in cases where the artists themselves disagree, like Enya. Indeed, if such two artists like Tiersen and Enya can be considered the same genre it's more like we're talking a "non-genre". Let's change it. - necz0r 21:33, 10 Feb 2007 (CET)

Name & National/Ethnic Origin
Is "Yann Tiersen" a traditional Breton name? Or is it, as it appears, a name of foreign origin? Tiersen would seem to me to be a Scandinavian surname. Unlike most articles on people, there is nothing in his biography about his ethnic/national origin. If anyone knows anything about this I think it should be added to the biography section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Static Sleepstorm (talk • contribs) 16:27, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

 * There is few names more Breton-sounding than "Yann Tiersen". I am Breton, was born in Brest (my first name is also Yann), so I know what I'm talking about. Typical Breton last names end in "-en" or "-ec". As for "Yann", it's exclusively Breton. It's the translation of "Jean" (in French), "John", "Jan", "Ian", "Giacomo", "Juan", etc...  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.58.144.199 (talk) 10:25, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

avant guard link
I suggest directing to Avant-garde_music and not Avant-garde in general Whmice (talk) 20:39, 11 July 2009 (UTC)

Guillaume
His real name is Yann Pierre Tiersen, even though in the last months there are quite a few people adding Guillaume to his name, but this is not true. In this interview (in French), he shows his passport explaining how he doesn't know why this thing originated (start from 12:30). --Barnux (talk) 13:10, 11 April 2011 (UTC)
 * It's most likely just a prank by some kid trying to stir up trouble. It could have something to do with this video: Yann Tiersen-la dispute- Par Guillaume 13ans. The person who first added "Guillaume" to this English article was from Brazil (anonymous IP -- 201.26.153.79): Revision as of 18:19, 26 February 2008. The first to add to the French version, the name "Guillaume," was also from Brazil, with the same IP address: Version du 27 février 2008 à 02:28. It could be an obsessed fan with the name Guillaume, who wants to be as famous as Yann Tiersen. Weirder things have happened here on Wikipedia. --Skol fir (talk) 18:21, 11 April 2011 (UTC)
 * "Weirder things have happened here on Wikipedia."I have no doubts on that. --Barnux (talk) 17:41, 12 April 2011 (UTC)
 * In the interview that you linked to, Yann Tiersen seemed quite annoyed by the whole thing. The quote from him is something like "That irritates me," referring to the anonymous, mysterious addition that he was born "Guillaume Yann Tiersen." They even had the gall (pun intended) to put "Guillaume" first in the order!

 * On the English page it stayed up that way for quite a few months after this interview, probably bec. the French version was noticed first. Thanks, Barnux, for fixing the English one. --Skol fir (talk) 22:38, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Apparently the same prankster from Brazil again inserted "Guillaume" to Tiersen's name in Nov. 2011 (diff here). This most recent vandalism has been reverted by User:Saltuser (thanks for noticing this!). I have also given warning to the anon IP, although it probably won't do much good, as the person may not return to this IP. --Skol fir (talk) 15:03, 29 March 2012 (UTC)

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Glucose/fructose/phosphoric acid

Glucose/fructose/phosphoric acid (trade name Emetrol) is an over-the-counter antiemetic taken to relieve nausea and vomiting. Made by WellSpring Pharmaceutical Corporation, it was formerly distributed by McNeil Consumer Healthcare.

History
Emetrol was created by Kinney and Company of Columbus, Indiana and was first used in 1949.

It is a phosphorated carbohydrate solution, and comes in syrup form.

Contraindications
Since Emetrol contains fructose it is contraindicated for people with hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI). In diabetes patients, it can cause potentially harmful hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar).

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Svetozar Gligorić

Svetozar Gligorić (Светозар Глигорић; 2 February 1923 – 14 August 2012) was a Serbian and Yugoslav chess grandmaster and musician. He won the championship of Yugoslavia a record twelve times, and is considered the best player ever from Serbia. In 1958, he was declared the best athlete of Yugoslavia.

In the 1950s and 1960s, Gligorić was one of the top players in the world. He was also among the world's most popular players, owing to his globe-trotting tournament schedule and a particularly engaging personality, reflected in the title of his autobiography, I Play Against Pieces (i.e., without hostility toward the opponent, and not differently against different players for "psychological" reasons; playing "the board and not the man").

Life
Gligorić was born in Belgrade to a poor family. According to his recollections, his first exposure to chess was as a small child watching patrons play in a neighborhood bar. He began to play at the age of eleven, when taught by a boarder taken in by his mother (his father had died by this time). Lacking a chess set, he made one for himself by carving pieces from corks from wine bottles—a story paralleling the formative years of his contemporary, the renowned Estonian grandmaster Paul Keres.

Gligorić was a good student during his youth, with both academic and athletic successes that famously led to him to be invited to represent his school at a birthday celebration for Prince Peter, who later became King Peter II of Yugoslavia. He later recounted to International Master David Levy (who chronicled his chess career in The Chess of Gligoric) his distress at attending this gala event wearing poor clothing stemming from his family's impoverished condition. His first tournament success came in 1938 when he won the Belgrade Chess Club championship; however, World War II interrupted his chess progress for a time. During the war, Gligorić was a member of a partisan unit. A chance encounter with a chess-playing partisan officer led to his removal from combat.

Following World War II, Gligorić worked for several years as a journalist and organizer of chess tournaments. He continued to progress as a player and was awarded the International Master (IM) title in 1950 and the Grandmaster (GM) title in 1951, eventually making the transition to full-time chess professional. He continued active tournament play well into his sixties.

Chess career

Gligorić was one of the most successful tournament players of the mid-20th century, with a number of tournament victories to his credit, but was less successful in competing for the World Chess Championship. He was Yugoslav champion in 1947 (joint), 1948 (joint), 1949, 1950, 1956, 1957, 1958 (joint), 1959, 1960, 1962, 1965 and 1971.

He represented his native Yugoslavia with great success in fifteen Chess Olympiads from 1950 to 1982 (thirteen times on ), playing 223 games (+88−26=109). In the first post-war Olympiad, on home soil at Dubrovnik 1950, Gligoric played on first board and led Yugoslavia to a historic result, the team gold medal. The Yugoslav team was usually second or third in the world during the 1950s.

His list of first-place finishes in international chess competitions is one of the longest and includes such events as Mar del Plata 1950, Stockholm 1954, Belgrade 1964, Manila 1968, Lone Pine 1972 and 1979, etc. He was a regular competitor in the series of great tournaments held at Hastings, with wins (or ties for first) in 1951–52, 1956–57, 1959–60, 1960–61 and 1962–63. His five wins and shared wins at Hastings remains a record for the event.

His record in world championship qualifying events was mixed. He was a regular competitor in Zonal and Interzonal competitions with several successes, e.g. zonal wins in 1951, 1960 (joint), 1963, 1966, and 1969 (joint) and finishes at the Interzonals of 1952, 1958 and 1967 high enough to qualify him for the final Candidates events the following years. However, he was not as successful in any of the Candidates events, with mediocre results in the 1953 and 1959 Candidates Tournaments and a match loss to Mikhail Tal in the 1968 Candidates match series.

Lifetime scores against world champions
Gligorić had the following record against the world champions he played against: Max Euwe +2−0=5, Mikhail Botvinnik +2−2=6, Vasily Smyslov +6−8=28, Tigran Petrosian +8−11=19, Mikhail Tal +2−10=22, Boris Spassky +0−6=16, Bobby Fischer +4−6=8, Anatoly Karpov +0−4=6 and Garry Kasparov +0−3=0.

Death
On 14 August 2012, Svetozar Gligorić died from a stroke at 89 years of age in Belgrade. Gligorić was buried on 16 August 2012, at 13:30 in the Alley of the Greats at Belgrade's New Cemetery.

Legacy
Although he compiled a superb tournament record, it is perhaps as an openings theorist and commentator that Gligorić will be best remembered. He made enormous contributions to the theory and practice of the King's Indian Defence, Ruy Lopez and Nimzo-Indian Defence, among others; and, particularly with the King's Indian, translated his theoretical contributions into several spectacular victories with both colours (including the notable game below). Theoretically significant variations in the King's Indian and Ruy Lopez are named for him. His battles with Bobby Fischer in the King's Indian and Sicilian Defence (particularly the Najdorf Variation, a long-time Fischer specialty) often worked out in his favour.

As a commentator, Gligorić was able to take advantage of his fluency in a number of languages and his training as a journalist, to produce lucid, interesting game annotations. He was a regular columnist for Chess Review and Chess Life magazines for many years, his "Game of the Month" column often amounting to a complete tutorial in the opening used in the feature game as well as a set of comprehensive game annotations. He wrote a number of chess books in several languages. One of the most notable was Fischer vs. Spassky: The Chess Match of the Century, a detailed account of their epic struggle for the world title in Reykjavík in 1972. He also contributed regularly to the Chess Informant semi-annual (more recently, thrice-yearly) compilation of the world's most important chess games.

In 2019, FIDE established a fair play award named after Gligorić. The Fair Play Svetozar Gligoric Trophy is awarded annually by a three member commission in recognition of sportsmanship, integrity and the promotion ethical behavior within chess.

Quotes
"The moment of death has the power to stress in a single move the achievement or the futility of a life."

Notable games
One of Gligorić's most famous games was this win against the former world champion Tigran Petrosian at the great "Tournament of Peace" held in Zagreb in 1970. It displays Gligorić's virtuosity on the Black side of the King's Indian and his willingness to play for a sacrificial attack against one of history's greatest defenders. Zagreb 1970 was another Gligorić tournament success, as he tied for second (with Petrosian and others) behind Fischer, at the start of the latter's 1970–71 run of tournament and match victories.

1.c4 g6 2.Nf3 Bg7 3.d4 Nf6 4.Nc3 0-0 5.e4 d6 6.Be2 e5 7.0-0 Nc6 8.d5 Ne7 9.b4 Nh5 10.Nd2 Nf4 11.a4 f5 12.Bf3 g5 13.exf5 Nxf5 14.g3 (diagram) Nd4 15.gxf4 Nxf3+ 16.Qxf3 g4 17.Qh1 exf4 18.Bb2 Bf5 19.Rfe1 f3 20.Nde4 Qh4 21.h3 Be5 22.Re3 gxh3 23.Qxf3 Bg4 24.Qh1 h2+ 25.Kg2 Qh5 26.Nd2 Bd4 27.Qe1 Rae8 28.Nce4 Bxb2 29.Rg3 Be5 30.R1a3 Kh8 31.Kh1 Rg8 32.Qf1 Bxg3 33.Rxg3 Rxe4
 * Petrosian vs. Gligorić, Zagreb 1970; King's Indian Defence, Classical Variation (ECO E97)

Indeed, Gligorić was the first person to inflict a defeat on Petrosian (at the First Piatigorsky Cup in 1963) after he won the world title from Mikhail Botvinnik in 1963.

title: Svetozar Gligorić


text:
Template talk:Hiero/2ip/bgcolour

What is this template?
 * This template is part of a range of templates used to render Egyptian hieroglyphs in Wikipedia.
 * Specifically, this template encodes the background colour of templates when called by the parameter.
 * This is designed to be used for the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt.
 * Gareth Hughes 23:57, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Hiero/2ip/bgcolour