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Talk:2005 British Columbia electoral reform referendum

Untitled
Have there been any public opinion polls on this question yet? Kevintoronto 21:37, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Not that I can find. There are three organizations that I know of that do regular political polling in BC:
 * Ipsos-Reid
 * Mustel Group
 * Robbins SCE Research
 * None of these have any polls on the subject. - Jord 14:07, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

General
I wish to flag that I have done considerable new work on this Wikipedia page, using what references I could find on line. While I have made many changes of a significant nature, I have not discussed these on this Talk page (which now appears inactive), except for the change noted under the "Timeline" heading below at an earlier stage. Should anyone want to track the changes made and the reasons for them, please use the View History page. Basically, my aim was to make this Wikipedia page as complete as possible and to include enough analysis so that readers could understand the result, considering that the importance of this referendum as the one which came the closest to yielding a binding result in favour of reform in Canada in the 2000s. --Reallavergne (talk) 19:59, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

Timeline
I moved the timelines up for improved flow and beefed it up considerably. However, I removed the bullet about the new party created in Jan. 2005, because all of the other bullets were about the Assembly, and its work, so it did not make sense to have a bullet out of the blue about the creation of a new party. It just seems like a distraction Here is the removed text, so that it is easy to find if anyone feels really strongly about it for reasons that I don't understand: "January 15, 2005 — The Democratic Reform British Columbia party is created out of a merger of the British Columbia Democratic Coalition and the All Nations Party of British Columbia. The party also boasts the support of key elements of the Reform Party of British Columbia. One of this party's main goals is the support of BC-STV."

--Reallavergne (talk) 01:19, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

NOT BC-STV
The system being voted on in 2005 was not the same as that voted on yesterday (May 12, 2009). This article needs revising, as for one thing the 2005 system was just "STV" and was a pretty simple elimination/preferential ballot, much like the one used in the '52-'53 general elections. The new one involved mega-constituences and proportional rep formauls.Skookum1 (talk) 16:59, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

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Annals of Ulster

The Annals of Ulster (Annála Uladh) are annals of medieval Ireland. The entries span the years from 431 AD to 1540 AD. The entries up to 1489 AD were compiled in the late 15th century by the scribe Ruaidhrí Ó Luinín, under his patron Cathal Óg Mac Maghnusa, on the island of Senadh-Mic-Maghnusa, also known as Senad or Ballymacmanus Island (now known as Belle Isle, where Belle Isle Castle is located), near Lisbellaw, on Lough Erne in the kingdom of Fir Manach (Fermanagh). Later entries (up to AD 1540) were added by others.

Entries up to the mid-6th century are retrospective, drawing on earlier annalistic and historical texts, while later entries were contemporary, based on recollection and oral history. T. M. Charles-Edwards has claimed that the main source for its records of the first millennium A.D. is a now-lost Armagh continuation of the Chronicle of Ireland.

The Annals used the Irish language, with some entries in Latin. Because their sources were copied verbatim, the Annals are useful not just for historians, but also for linguists studying the evolution of the Irish language.

A century later, the Annals of Ulster became an important source for the authors of the Annals of the Four Masters. It also informs the Irish text Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib.

The Library of Trinity College, Dublin, possesses the original manuscript; the Bodleian Library in Oxford has a contemporary copy that fills some of the gaps in the original. There are two main modern English translations of the annals – Mac Airt and Mac Niocaill (1983) and MacCarthy (1893).

Kings
Several kings are mentioned throughout the Annals of Ulster. The Annals tend to follow the lives of the kings, including important battles, raids, and their ultimate death. Between the years of 847 and 879, three different kings are highlighted. For example: Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid, the king of the southern Ui Neill clan from 846 to 862:
 * 839.6 – First mentioned in the Annals of Ulster having killed Crunnmael son of Fiannamail.
 * 841.2 – Kills Diarmait
 * 843.1 – Mael Sechnaill's father, Mael Ruanaid, dies
 * 845.7 – Kills his brother Flann
 * 845.8 – Takes Tuirgéis prisoner
 * 846.7 – Suffers heavy losses at hands of Tigernach
 * 847.2 – Begins his reign.
 * 847.3 – Destroys the Island of Loch Muinremor
 * 848.4 – defeats Vikings at Forach
 * 849.12 – conducts siege in Crupat
 * 850.3 – Cinaed, king of Cianacht, with help from foreign forces rebels against Mael Sechnaill
 * 851.2 – kills Cinaed, king of Cianacht
 * 851.5 – attends a conference in Ard Macha
 * 854.2 – took hostages from Mumu at Inneóin na nDéise
 * 856.2 – took hostages from Mumu at Caisel
 * 856.3 – battle against the Vikings
 * 858.4 – marched against Mumu, took hostages from them and travelled with them "from Belat Gabráin to Inis Tarbnai off the Irish coast, and from Dún Cermna to Ára Airthir."
 * 859.3 – attends a conference at Ráith Aeda Meic Bric "to make peace and amity between the men of Ireland"
 * 860.1 – leads army into the north, attacked, but holds position
 * 862.5 – Dies and is described as "king of all Ireland"

The same pattern is followed for Aed mac Neill, the king of the northern Ui Neill clan. Aed mac Neill appears in the following entries in the Annals of Ulster: 855.3, 856.5, 860.1, 861.1, 862.2, 862.3, 863.2, 864.1, 864.3, 866.4, 868.4, 870.2, 874.4, and finally 879.1

The final entry ends with the entry about his death and includes a poem. It reads "Aed son of Niall, king of Temair, fell asleep on the twelfth of the Kalends of 20 December Nov at Druim Inasclainn in the territory of Conaille.

1.	(Twelve days before the melodious Kalends

Of December—a harsh company—

A wonderful person died to your loss(?),

Aed of Ailech, over-king of the Irish.

2.	A generous prudent man of shields

Who brought plenty to landed Temair,

Against iron-tipped spears a buckler

From the forge-fire of the land of the sons of Mil.)"

Just as with the Irish kings, the Annals of Ulster follows the lives of the Viking kings of Dublin. For example, Amlaíb Conung (Olaf Konung) is mentioned in the following entries: 853.2, 857.1, 859.2, 863.4, 864.2, 866.1, 867.8, 869.6, 870.6, 871.2, and 875.4

The final entry deviates from the Irish kings and instead tells of the death of Amlaib's son, Oistín and reads: "Oistín son of Amlaíb, king of the Norsemen, was deceitfully killed by Albann."

Places
Along with kings and kingdoms, the entries in the Annals of Ulster focus on important places of Ireland such as Armagh, the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland, which appears several times throughout the text. Dublin, for example, referred to in the text as either Áth Cliath or Duiblinn, is described in the Annals of Ulster with entries ranging from the settlement of Dublin by Vikings ("The heathens still at Duiblinn" in 842.2 and "An encampment of the foreigners of Áth Cliath at Cluain Andobuir" in 845.12) to deaths of notable names ("Carlus son of Conn son of Donnchad was killed in Áth Cliath" in 960.2) to Dublin being ruled by the Irish ("The foreigners returned to Áth Cliath and gave hostages to Brian" in 1000.4).

The town appears 66 different times in the Annals of Ulster and can be found in the following entries: 770.1, 790.2, 841.4, 842.2, 842.7, 845.12, 851.3, 870.2, 871.2 893.4, 895.6, 902.2, 917.4, 919.3, 920.5, 921.5, 921.8, 924.3, 926.6, 927.3, 930.1, 936.2, 938.5, 938.6, 939.1, 942.3, 942.7, 944.3, 945.6, 946.1, 947.1, 950.7, 951.3, 951.7, 956.3, 960.2, 961.1, 978.3, 980.1, 994.6, 995.2, 999.8, 1000.4, 1013.12, 1013.13, 1014.2, 1018.2, 1021.1, 1022.4, 1031.2, 1035.5, 1070.2, 1075.1, 1075.4, 1084.8, 1088.4, 1094.2, 1095.4, 1100.5, 1103.5, 1105.3, 1115.4, 1118.6, 1121.7, 1126.7, and 1128.6

Vikings in Ireland
The Annals of Ulster contains a large amount of historical information on the invasions of the Vikings into Ireland and several specific events are mentioned that are paralleled in other Irish works such as the Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib. The Annals of Ulster documents the Viking invasions one year after the common starting event of the Viking Period, the raiding of Lindisfarne in 793, as mentioned by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The first mention of the Vikings is very brief. "794.7 Devastation of all the islands of Britain by heathens," yet over the course of the annals their attacks become more specific "807.8 The heathens burned Inis Muiredaig and invade Ros Comáin."

The Vikings are called several different names throughout the annals: foreigners, dark or fair-foreigners, heathens, Norsemen, Norse-Irish and Danes. It is often unclear if these titles attribute nationalities or certain alliances as they are used intermixed throughout.

The annals mention the foreigners’ beginnings in Ireland as one of plunder and slave-taking. According to the annals, the Norsemen took many slaves in their raids. "821.3 Étar was plundered by the heathens, and they carried off a great number of women into captivity." However, eventually they established a permanent base in Áth Cliath or Dublin by 841. In "841.4 There was a naval camp at Linn Duachaill from which the peoples and churches of Tethba were plundered. There was a naval camp at Duiblinn from which the Laigin and the Uí Néill were plundered, both states and churches, as far as Sliab Bladma."

Although the Vikings are portrayed as heathens, the Annals describes strife between the Irish against each other and often the foreigners are depicted as allies to various Irish factions. The depiction of warfare involving the "heathens" is not one-sided; in the annals, they are often allied with the Irish against other Irish. Some Irishmen are even accused of doing the same sort of raiding as the Viking invaders. In "847.3 Mael Sechnaill destroyed the Island of Loch Muinremor, overcoming there a large band of wicked men of Luigni and Gailenga, who had been plundering the territories in the manner of the heathens."

Several famous battles and characters involving the Vikings can be found in the Annals of Ulster. The Battle of Brunanburh 937.6, the Battle of Tara 980.1, and the Battle of Clontarf 1014.1 are all described in brief detail. Some Viking individuals of note mentioned in the annals with parallels in other historical sources are the foreign chieftain Turgeis, beginning in 845, Ímar and Amlaíb, the later progenitors of the Uí Ímair, rulers of Áth Cliath or Dublin. Irish historical figures included within the text are Máel Sechnaill, Muirchertach son of Niall and Brian Boru.

Editions

 * Mac Airt, Seán and Gearóid Mac Niocaill (eds and trs.). The Annals of Ulster (to AD 1131). DIAS, Dublin, 1983. ISBN 0901282774. Available from CELT: edition in vol. 1 (AD 431–1131), pp. 38–578, which excludes the pre-Patrician sections (Irish World Chronicle), pp. 2–36.
 * Mac Carthy, B. (ed. and tr.). Annala Uladh: Annals of Ulster otherwise Annala Senait, Annals of Senat: a chronicle of Irish affairs from A.D. 431 to A.D. 1540. 4 vols. Dublin, 1895. Available from the Internet Archive: vol. 1 (AD 431–1056), vol. 2 (AD 1057–1378) and vol. 3 (AD 1379–1588). Available from CELT, with notes of warning:
 * AD 1155–1201 (vols. 1 and 2): edition
 * AD 431–1201 (vols. 1 and 2): translation
 * AD 1201–1378 (in vol. 2): edition and translation.
 * AD 1379–1588 (vol. 3): edition and translation.

Sources cited

 * Oxford Concise Companion to Irish Literature, Robert Welsh, 1996. ISBN 0-19-280080-9

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Annals of Ulster


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List of Khazar rulers

The following is a list of Khazar rulers.

Khazar Khagans (Ashina dynasty)
The Khagans were supreme chiefs of the people, holding positions of much influence and spiritual authority, but with little day-to-day command.

Khazar Beks
The Khagan Beks were war chiefs, military commanders who exercised considerable day-to-day authority, and were sometimes regarded by outsiders as the supreme lords of the Khazar nation.

Conversion to Judaism
Hazer Tarkhan's army was annihilated at Itil in 737 AD, and the Umayyad Caliphate imposed Islam upon the Khazars. Nevertheless, the Caliphs could not adequately garrison Khazaria, and within a few years the Khazars were once again independent. The famous conversion to Judaism seems to have occurred about this time. The date of the actual conversion to Judaism is a matter of some controversy. According to Yehuda Halevi in Kuzari, it occurred around 740 AD, though some Arab sources point to a date closer to the end of the 8th century or early 9th century, and more recent scholars have postulated that 861 AD, the date of St. Cyril's visit to Khazaria, was the year of the conversion to Judaism.

The 2002 discovery of a coin hoard in Sweden further complicates the issue, as some of the coins bear dates from the early 9th century and the legends "Ard al-Khazar" (Land of the Khazars) and "Moses is the Prophet of God". Since the coins date from 837 AD or 838 AD, some scholars think the conversion occurred in 838 AD. Bulan Sabriel was the Khazar ruler at the time of the conversion, but in the list below all the dates up to Aaron I are based on a presumed 740 AD conversion date.

Late Khazar Rulers
In 969 AD, Sviatoslav I of Kiev sacked Itil, the capital of the Khazar Khaganate. Khazar successor states appear to have survived in the Caucasus and around the Black Sea. We know of two later Khazar rulers:

Collapse of Khazar power
Georgius Tzul was captured by a joint Rus'-Byzantine expedition and his state was destroyed. Shortly thereafter, the Kipchaks became masters of the Pontic steppe (see Cumans). However, there continue to be tantalizing references, in Muslim sources, of battles against "Khazars" in the Caucasus well into the late 11th century. Whether Khazar states continued to survive or their name was used generically to describe Caucasian highlanders is unclear.

The fate of the Jewish Khazars is unclear. Jewish travelers of the 12th century continue to refer to them in passing. Khazar Jews are known to have lived in Kiev and even to have emigrated to Spain, the Byzantine Empire and Iraq. According to some sources the majority may have gone to Hungary, Poland and the Crimea, mingling with Jews in those areas and with later waves of Jewish immigrants from the west.

title: List of Khazar rulers


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Bout-coupé

In archaeology, a bout-coupé is a type of handaxe that constituted part of the Neanderthal Mousterian industry of the Middle Palaeolithic. The handaxes are bifacially-worked and in the shape of a rounded triangle.

They are only found in Britain in the Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) interglacial between 59,000 and 41,000 years BP, and are therefore considered a unique diagnostic variant.

title: Bout-coupé


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MCCC

MCCC may refer to:

Education

 * Mercer County Community College, New Jersey, United States
 * Monroe County Community College, Michigan, United States
 * Montgomery County Community College, Pennsylvania, United States
 * Mount Carmel Catholic College, Varroville, New South Wales, Australia

Biology and medicine

 * Marie Curie Cancer Care, a British charity
 * Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, a research institute in the United States
 * MCCC1 and MCCC2, genes that encode methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase

Sports

 * Midwest Christian College Conference, an athletics body in the United States
 * Mid-Central College Conference, former name of the Crossroads League, an athletics body of Christian colleges in the Midwestern United States
 * Minor Counties Cricket Championship, in England
 * Middlesex County Cricket Club, a cricket venue in England
 * Monte Carlo Country Club, a tennis venue in the south of France
 * Minnesota College Athletic Conference, formerly known as the Minnesota Community College Conference

Other

 * 1300 in Roman numerals
 * Maneuver Captains Career Course, U.S. Army
 * Missile combat crew commander, U.S. Air Force
 * Marin County Civic Center, government complex in San Rafael, California designed by Frank Lloyd Wright

title: MCCC


text:
Titus Mountain

Titus Mountain or Titus as it is colloquially known, is a popular downhill ski area spread over 3 mountains of northern New York, 7 mi south of the Village of Malone, in the Town of Malone, in Franklin County, New York. The area has a base elevation of 825 ft, summit elevation of 2025 ft and a vertical drop of 1200 ft. Titus is part of the Adirondack Mountains. The ski area boasts 52 trails and glades over three inter-connected mountains. Titus operates 10 lifts, as well as a three-lane tubing hill.

Resort statistics

 * Annual snowfall: 381 cm
 * Total area size: 380 acre
 * Number of Lifts: 10
 * Number of Trails/Glades/Parks: 52

title: Titus Mountain


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Universal synchronous and asynchronous receiver-transmitter

A universal synchronous and asynchronous receiver-transmitter (USART, programmable communications interface or PCI) is a type of a serial interface device that can be programmed to communicate asynchronously or synchronously. See universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) for a discussion of the asynchronous capabilities of these devices.

Purpose and history
The USART's synchronous capabilities were primarily intended to support synchronous protocols like IBM's synchronous transmit-receive (STR), binary synchronous communications (BSC), synchronous data link control (SDLC), and the ISO-standard high-level data link control (HDLC) synchronous link-layer protocols, which were used with synchronous voice-frequency modems. These protocols were designed to make the best use of bandwidth when modems were analog devices. In those times, the fastest asynchronous voice-band modem could achieve at most speeds of 300bit/s using frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation, while synchronous modems could run at speeds up to 9600bit/s using phase-shift keying (PSK). Synchronous transmission used only slightly over 80% of the bandwidth of the now more-familiar asynchronous transmission, since start and stop bits were unnecessary. Those modems are obsolete, having been replaced by modems which convert asynchronous data to synchronous forms, but similar synchronous telecommunications protocols survive in numerous block-oriented technologies such as the widely used IEEE 802.2 (Ethernet) link-level protocol. USARTs are still sometimes integrated with MCUs. USARTs are still used in routers that connect to external CSU/DSU devices, and they often use either Cisco's proprietary HDLC implementation or the IETF standard point-to-point protocol (PPP) in HDLC-like framing as defined in RFC1662.

Operation
The operation of a USART is intimately related to the various protocols; refer to those pages for details. This section only provides a few general notes.

 * USARTs in synchronous mode transmits data in frames. In synchronous operation, characters must be provided on time until a frame is complete; if the controlling processor does not do so, this is an "underrun error," and transmission of the frame is aborted.
 * USARTs operating as synchronous devices used either character-oriented or bit-oriented mode. In character (STR and BSC) modes, the device relied on particular characters to define frame boundaries; in bit (HDLC and SDLC) modes earlier devices relied on physical-layer signals, while later devices took over the physical-layer recognition of bit patterns.
 * A synchronous line is never silent; when the modem is transmitting, data is flowing. When the physical layer indicates that the modem is active, a USART will send a steady stream of padding, either characters or bits as appropriate to the device and protocol.


text:
NKRF

 * NKRF may refer to:
 * NKRF (gene)
 * National Kidney Research Fund, former name of Kidney Research UK

title: NKRF


text:
Mark Borchardt

Mark Borchardt (born August 20, 1966) is an American independent filmmaker. He is best known as the subject of the 1999 film American Movie, which documented three years he spent writing, shooting and editing his horror short, Coven (1997).

Early life
Borchardt was born and raised in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. His mother, Monica, is Swedish. He started making films at the age of fourteen with a super-8 camera that was given to him by a neighbor. After serving three years in the military, he continued his cinematic endeavors at the local university. In the mid-nineties, he wrote and produced Halloween radio dramas which were broadcast annually and won a fellowship from the Milwaukee Art Futures Board.

Career
Filmmakers Chris Smith and Sarah Price began filming Borchardt while he was attempting to put together funding for his unfinished feature Northwestern. After the project collapsed, Borchardt decided instead to finish Coven, which he had started years earlier. After Coven was completed, Smith and Price compiled their footage into American Movie, which was picked up by Sony Classics and won the Grand Jury Prize at the 1999 Sundance Film Festival.

Since then Borchardt has been active appearing on television and in movies. Borchardt made five appearances on Late Show with David Letterman, including serving as Letterman's 2000 election correspondent. He made several TV appearances on The Show with No Name, a show in Austin, TX, between 2000 and 2003. In 2004, he played himself in a cameo appearance on the television cartoon series Family Guy, along with friend and American Movie co-star Mike Schank. He and Mike also had their own series on Zero TV, Mark and Mike and, in 2006, Mark and Mike hosted a national television special called Night of the Living Dead: LIVE from Wisconsin on Halloween night.

Borchardt has appeared in several movies, including The One (2001), The Tunnel (2001), Abby Singer, & The Godfather of Green Bay (2005). Borchardt also starred in Modus Operandi (2009), played a gravedigger in the partially animated comedy Hamlet A.D.D. (2014), had a leading role in the horror feature The Hagstone Demon (2011), and played Mr. Englan in the directorial debut of fellow Milwaukee filmmaker Jozef K. Richards, The Amateur Monster Movie (2011). In addition, Borchardt also made a cameo in the music video for the Leslie and the Ly's song "Zombie Killer" featuring Elvira, Mistress of the Dark on guest vocals.

He has contributed to Kevin Lindenmuth's 2001 book, The Independent Film Experience (ISBN 0786410752 ) and had his short stories published in magazines. Borchardt is one of a trio of hosts on "Cinema Fireside," a weekly film discussion show on WXRW 104.1 in Milwaukee.

In 2004, he announced he would direct Scare Me and sent out casting calls. In 2008, he announced a 2009 release date, which was originally slated for a 2005 release. As of Summer 2010 the movie was still in production and as of 2023, it still has not been released. In April 2012, Borchardt stated that about 65% of the film had been shot, and that he was happy with the first forty pages of the script. However, he maintained parts of the script needed to be revised and while he had rough-cut some of the footage, there was no completion date in place for the project. In a March 2013 update for the Scare Me IMDb page, the release date was set for April 1, 2014.

In 2018 he directed a documentary called The Dundee Project, which focused on attendees of a UFO festival in Wisconsin. The film premiered at Slamdance Film Festival (Park City), then played at Fantastic Fest (Austin), Nighthawk Cinema (Brooklyn), and the Chicago Critics Film Festival.

Personal life
Borchardt has three children.

title: Mark Borchardt


text:
Borovo, Ruse Province

Borovo (Борово ) is a town in Ruse Province, Northern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Borovo Municipality. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 2,330.

The name Borovo comes from the Bulgarian word ‘Bor’ which means ‘pine’ (Бор). The municipality has a temperate climate, with warm summers and cold winters.

Unique objects from a Thracian silver treasure (known as the Borovo Treasure) and a Thracian tomb of c. 4 BC have been discovered on the town's territory. There are evidences of the presence of an old Roman road discovered between the villages of Batin and Gorno Ablanovo near Borovo.

Khristo Markov, who became an Olympic champion in triple jump in 1988, was born in Borovo. Borovo is home to the football/soccer club Vihur (Вихър) (Hurricane), which competes yearly in the Rousse region. The club is over 50 years old. The traditional work of the municipality has centered on the textile industry - there are several big factories manufacturing socks, tights and textile wear.

Business in the area
In this part of Bulgaria are concentrated many clothing factories. These enterprises provide for a considerable number of jobs and form a large part of the local economy. The average salary of those working in the municipality is between 180 – 250 lev a month (or around $120 – $170 /mo.). The major exporters are the firms Elkon (to Belgium), Tri-Co (Finland and Denmark) one of the largest sock producers in Bulgaria, distributes domestically and for export (180 employees) which currently is working with partners from Israel, TIM Bulgaria that manufactures fine stockings and pantyhoses for Europe and Americas and Spiral Ltd. that produces fashion, sporting and textile wear. Other factories in the region are: Cherven 2000, a producer of machines for use in mills (60 employees), Elkon - extension cords and other electronic appliances (50 employees), Stefan Stefanov – KONTEKS - men's dress shirts for export and domestic use (23 employees), Plamen Penchev - men's dress shirts for export and domestic use (20 employees)

title: Borovo, Ruse Province


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Concrete Religion

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 02:10, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Concrete Religion
Joke. Thue | talk 21:44, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Article contains the text "To any administrators who think that this is vandalism, it is not, and people really believe this. Please do not delete this page." However, the god of this religion is the "Great Concrete Pack-Mule"; "Concrete Pack-Mule" has as many (0) web or usenets as you'd (0) expect (0). It is not a notable joke. Delete it, sigh. Samaritan 22:07, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't know if "people really believe this" but I sure as hell believe this should be deleted. Phils 22:18, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense. Gazpacho 00:00, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sc147 00:10, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Jpo 00:49, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page should not be deleted. How would Christians or Jews like it if we deleted their page? Also, this page said that this a new religion! Why would it be on Google yet? It apparently has been kept quiet until now because of fear of people not accepting it as a religion. I certainly accept Christianity and Judaism and all the others, but I don't believe in them. Just because you don't believe in it doesn't mean everyone doesn't!!! You need to leave this page on because some people do believe in a Great-Concrete-Pack-Mule being the god. You say that it is unbelievable, but its only as unbelieveable as the Christian "God", or the Egyptian Gods, or whatever religion YOU are. i mean, how outrageous is it that "God" created everything? I have a hard time believing that, and scientific facts have an easy time of backing me up. All religions have a beginning, most back in the so called "BC" times, but this one was created more recently. To end, why don't you try thinking about all the crazily insane stuff in YOUR religion, and then you will see that it is not a good thing to do to criticise other people's religions. unsigned comment by anonymous user:24.18.105.189
 * Anonymous user 216.177.244.30 later signed his/her IP to this comment in addition to the vote below and a comment made in the middle of the signed comment by user:Superuser840
 * Hear, hear! unsigned comment by user:Superuser840 who voted below.
 * Delete and strongly consider blocking user for disrupting this page with that above rant. - Lucky 6.9 02:04, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As a determined "Great Concrete Pack-Mule" atheist I'm determined to rob this pernicious doctrine of unwarranted publicity, lest it make converts. Oh, and, utterly non-notable, no Google hits, why can't we speedy-delete things like this? -- Jmabel | Talk 02:16, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Because the risk of error is far too high if editors think that "It's stuff that I've never heard of and that seems a bit wacky." is a valid speedy deletion criterion. I rescued no-self from speedy deletion today, for example.  And that's without such expanded CSD criteria. Uncle G 18:25, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)
 * See also the Climate theory nomination above. Rossami (talk)
 * Delete, not notable - zero Google hits, original essay/research. Megan1967 03:10, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Man, I am sick of people promoting their brand new "religion" or "philosophy" in wikiepdia, and acting like we're the damn Pharisees for deleting it. Alright pal, I'll make fun of your religious beliefs all I want, and in return you can make fun of mine. Good luck finding any. Delete. -R. fiend 07:08, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't delete this. We haven't discovered Wikipedia until recently, and we still need time to put it all online completely. -A loyal follower unsigned comment by anonymous user:216.177.244.30.  Comment was somehow deleted from the thread.  Now restored.
 * Save. We don't have enough followers to make this big yet, and Wikipedia is our only way of getting it online without having to pay too much money (we are low on funds). -User: Superuser840 07:56, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * new user whose only contributions so far are to this discussion. Comment was later edited by anon user:216.177.244.30
 * Delete. Boy, is that the wrong argument.  In the unfortunate event that your new religion becomes notable rather than remaining in very well-deserved obscurity, then Wikipedia will document it, just like many other religions which don't deserve any more notability than yours does, but regrettably have it.  Meanwhile, find some other way to publicize it. --BM 17:39, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * SAVE THIS SITE! All of your arguments against my religion are irrelevant! Save THis site!216.177.244.30
 * Delete. You seem to be saying that Wikipedia should give you free web space to publicize your idea because you don't want to pay for your own... and not only that, but the idea should be put in an encyclopedia article. That, of course, makes no sense at all. May I suggest some more viable ways to get free publicity:
 * Get some actually free web space at someplace like Tripod, and put it there
 * Post it on a Wiki that's not an encyclopedia, and which will accept your article, like JnanaBase
 * Participate in online discussion boards, and put a link to your site in your sig
 * Stand on street corners and shout your idea at people
 * Tried and true methods. RSpeer 18:52, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think that we should save this site. After all, even if these people did just want to avoid spending money on a site, what problem do you have with their religion staying on Wikipedia? Isn't Wikipedia supposed to compile all human knowledge? I vote save172.157.229.183
 * No, Wikipedia isn't supposed to compile all human knowledge. What gave you that idea? Most of human knowledge is not worth compiling. RSpeer 19:45, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, by its own admission, it is not notable but only trying to become so. -- Antaeus Feldspar 16:40, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Any reason why this should not be speedy deleted as patent nonsense? -- The Anome 17:50, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Carrp | Talk 04:26, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Alright. If it's a real religion (which I cannot possibly fathom), then ther should be more than a paragraph of information on it, and thus needs to be deleted until better information is obtained.  If it is simply a joke (as I would be tempted to think of as FAR FAR FAR FAR FAR more likely), we need to get rid of it.  Thus, delete this.  -- Cabhan 05:20, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Prince Kusakabe

Prince Kusakabe (草壁皇子) was a Japanese imperial crown prince from 681 until his death. He was the second son of Emperor Tenmu. His mother was the empress Unonosarara, today known as Empress Jitō.

Kusakabe was the sole child of his mother. According to Nihon Shoki, in 681 he was appointed the crown prince. In the summer of 686 his father, Emperor Temmu, fell ill and gave the imperial authority to his wife Empress Jitō and the crown prince Kusakabe. After the death of his father, he surprisingly did not ascend to the Chrysanthemum Throne. He led the funeral ceremony and the construction of Emperor Temmu's tomb but before the coronation, he died in 689 at the age of 28. He was posthumously titled Emperor Okanomiyagyou (岡宮御宇天皇).

The location of Prince Kusakabe's tomb is uncertain. Some suppose it to be in Takatori, Nara.

Prince Kusakabe married his paternal cousin and maternal aunt, Princess Abe, the daughter of Emperor Tenji. They had at least three children, Prince Karu, Princess Hidaka and Princess Kibi. After his death, his mother Empress Jitō ascended to the throne. Later, Karu and Hidaka reigned as Emperor Monmu and Empress Genshō. Asakura clan claimed to be from his lineage.

Family
Parents
 * Father: Emperor Tenmu (天武天皇, c. 631 – 1 October 686)
 * Mother: Empress Jitō (持統天皇, 645 – 13 January 703), Emperor Tenji’s daughter
 * Wife: Princess Abe/Ahe (阿閇皇女) later Empress Genmei, Emperor Tenji's daughter
 * Princess Hidaka (氷高皇女) later Empress Gensho, first daughter
 * Prince Karu (珂瑠/軽) later Emperor Monmu, first son
 * Daughter: Imperial Princess Kibi (吉備内親王, 686–729), Wife of Prince Nagaya, second daughter

title: Prince Kusakabe


text:
Sugar Loaf (Winona, Minnesota)

Sugar Loaf is a bluff on the Mississippi River topped by a rock pinnacle, overlooking the city of Winona, Minnesota, United States. The name "Sugar Loaf" is sometimes taken to mean just the rock pinnacle, which was created by quarrying in the 19th century. The bluff stands above the junction of U.S. Route 61 and State Highway 43. It towers 500 ft over Lake Winona (a former part of the Mississippi River's main channel), and the pinnacle rises more than 85 ft above the remainder of the bluff.

Sugar Loaf was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 for having local significance in the theme of entertainment/recreation. It was nominated for being one of Minnesota's most famous landmarks to early travelers and tourists; a popular subject for stereopticon images, travel literature, and folklore.

Rock pinnacle
Sugar Loaf's distinctive pinnacle resulted from quarrying the bluff's limestone cap layer through most of the 1880s, which was then used for Winona's sidewalks and stone buildings. The mining was done by two brothers, John and Stephen O'Dea. The use of limestone (Oneota dolomite—a sedimentary limestone composed mainly of calcium and magnesium carbonate) began with the need to improve city sidewalks, most of which were made of wood and burned in the 1862 fire that destroyed 90 percent of the downtown district. Many miles of this limestone were installed before the turn of the 20th century and met with such success that a city ordinance was passed in late 1890 specifying stone-only for sidewalks. Buildings in the area also began to utilize the stone because of its texture. Quarry operations were shut down in 1887.

A rare event occurred in March 2004. Tons of limestone sheared off the northwest face of the pinnacle, leaving a dark trail of rock rubble in the snow, down a lower cliff face, and onto the tree-covered slope below. The cascade stopped about 100 yd short of the nearest house. The layers of stone came loose and fell because of the freezing and thawing action of water over time, especially from the unusually wet winter.

History
In its original configuration as a rounded half-dome with a fringe of evergreen on the crown, the bluff was well known to early explorers, traders, tourists, and river boat pilots. Native American legend has it that the mountain represented the cap of Chief Wapasha I transformed into stone. Another legend refers to a mythological dispute at the site of Red Wing, Minnesota, upriver from Winona in which a single bluff split into Barn Bluff (which remained at Red Wing) and Sugar Loaf, which was moved downriver to its present site. The name "Sugar Loaf" refers to the former formation's resemblance to the conical loaves that sugar used to be packaged and sold in. There are many hills and mountains named "Sugar Loaf" in the United States. At least three other hills or bluffs bearing the name "Sugar Loaf" are located in or near the Mississippi River Valley in proximity to Winona.

More than a few local businesses that incorporate Sugar Loaf into their names have been built at the base of the bluff. The Sugar Loaf name is also given to a neighborhood (which shows as a city on some maps) south and east of the hill.

The former Sugar Loaf Brewery (Peter Bub's Brewery) building is nestled into the northeastern slope. The brewery complex, which extended caves into Sugar Loaf, is separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

title: Sugar Loaf (Winona, Minnesota)


text:
Talk:List of OS-tans

Quick note: We-Tan doesn't represent explorer at all. She's a Me-tan groupie, she wants the recognition and attention Me-tan gets. She lives with Astaroth-san (a blue-skinned demon that's a snack food mascot, I believe) and Yamada-san, the boring female equivalent to Toshiaki (and the old abandoned design for 98-tan). It might be good to remove her unless you move the content under Futaba Channel.

Are the unreleased OSes really notable enough to warrant mention? --24.114.252.183 19:22, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I've no objection to the entry being commented out. They were recognized by 'enough' 2channer artists, but they haven't achieved long-term viability as characters, contrary to my expectations.. --203.14.156.192

Isn't ME's blue ! a reference to the ActiveDesktop wallpaper error screen after Explorer crashed? See, for example, wallpaper from The original OS-tan image archive as found on the OS-tan page. --24.69.255.205 10:20, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it's just patterened after error icons in general.--24.114.252.183 01:16, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I've commented out the -USA details, as they're 'one-off' characters from a single artist, and not an accepted part of the Futaba canon. --203.14.156.194

Mozilla
Should we add in the Moezilla characters into this? if norton av and outlook are in, why not these mozilla-tans?

 * There -was- a consensus to keep the 'one-off' characters and those that didn't spring from 2channel/futaba into a seperate list, but someone hijacked the "Unofficial OS-tans" page with their Moezilla article, and made it exclusively for the Mozilla mascots-- so now everyone's dumping the non-futaba one-offs in here. That was poorly thought out. --203.14.156.193

 * I think it should be here, because outlook is here, and Moezillas exist in the manga.

Other OS-kuns
I believe that we should add information about OS9-kun and Shitsuji-kun. They have become somewhat common in the comic archive of Otakubell.com. If there are no objections, I'll proceed to add the information.

Also, I've recently found enough images and information about 98-kun and 98SE-kun, I guess I should add the information.

Suze-tan
Well, what about it? It is not in the list. Also, there exists this image

 * There's quite a few one-shot or unpopular OS-tans for various distributions of Linux; we can't cover them all. Even Ubuntu-tan currently on the list is unknown to me... -Seventh Holy Scripture 03:25, 30 October 2005 (UTC)
 * hmm... there is an images with a several distributions in it, it can be added untill someone will actually have enough knowledge to put some text on each distribution. If windows have a Os-tan for every one, why shouldn't Linux have too?
 * The difference is that the Windows-tans have been drawn by multiple artists and are consistantly popular on the Nijiura and IIchan OS-tan boards, while most of the Linux-tans are largely the work of a single artist, and often only in a single picture. If we listed such one-shots, anyone could come up with NeXTstep-tan or QNX-tan and stick them on an equal footing. It would get messy fast. -Seventh Holy Scripture 17:59, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

Ni K / Nya K / Nyaake
I've seen some pictures of a OS-tan catgirl called Nyaake who seems to be a younger (Perhaps less dependable?) verson of 2000-tan, Does anyone have any more information on her? --Theredstarswl 22:27, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

By Anonymous: I know a bit of information about Nyakee. She follows the "name similarity" that happens with NT. And like so:

NT (Enu Ti) = Enu <-> Inu = Dog 2K (Nii Kee) = Nii (it means 'two') <-> Nya (Meow, in japanese) = Cat

There is also ME portrayed as a little mouse, but I ignore why is that. Anyway, Nyakee is actually 2k-tan portrayed as a catgirl, with real ears instead of hairclips, and a tail (non existant in 2k), dressed in a (I think) blue bathsuit.

OS-tan avatars?
I've wondered where these images used for the OS-tan here came from... and if there are any more available (Maybe a Vista-tan/Vis-tan one is available yet?)... --BPM 04:31, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

One shot (unpopular) Os-tans
I've read Seventh Holy Scripture's comment about those unpopular one shot OS-tans, come to think it maybe it would be a mess if such thing happen like there would be a lot of them listed in this article.

And to think of it, there's an original roster of OS-tans and that was given by Futaba.

The question is, since the OS-tans is more of a fan creation than an established "moe" phenomenon. There's a lot of version of the roster. Isn't that once there is only one MacOs-tan representative in the early (Futaba)version? I believe that was the Mac girl who use to be "throwing bombs" to those Windows-tans. I think that Os9-tan (Sonata-tan) doesn't belong in the Futaba version of the OS tan instead she was included in the Nijiura version of the OS-tan roster. Along with OS-kuns just as seen here (Nijiura official line-up)

So should we really stop the expanding rosters? I think we can just put some section or possibly an article of each version (futaba and nijiura) of the roster including of this continously growing phenomenon among international users. Sure it's gonna get messy, but soon enough in the future it'll surely continue to grow more and we even don't know about them because we are continue to get stuck only in the early version.

Oneshot or not, I believe that they are still part of the OS-tan phenomenon. Let's not ignore them like they were nothing to be seen around

98 and 98 SE-tan
''Many variations exist; however, the most common is a pair of young girls. The First Edition of 98 has a white and blue uniform, a navy blue hair with a clip shaped like "98", and has a windows logo as part of a necktie, she is also somtimes seen as a futanari (female with male genitals) and is said to fancy Homeo. The 98 Second Edition mascot normally has grey-blue hair and a green sailor school uniform with the letters SE on the front, and her most commonly used phrase is "all dicks seriously need to die".''

Whaaaat? Is this for real? Chris411 01:52, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Wikipe-tan?
Shouldn't Wikipe-tan be put in the other characters section as well? 68.228.65.16 10:53, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of OS-tans


text:
Bolyarovo

Bolyarovo (Болярово ) is a small town in Yambol Province, located not far from the border with Turkey. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Bolyarovo Municipality. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 1,303 inhabitants.

During the Ottoman rule it was called Paşaköy.

title: Bolyarovo


text:
Chômeur

The chômeur, in the context of grammar, is an element of a sentence that has been syntactically "demoted" from the nucleus to the periphery of a clause. The term comes from the French word for "unemployed". In a passive sentence, the agent is a chômeur, having been "demoted" from the central or nuclear function of subject. For instance, by changing the sentence Dogs attack the postman into The postman is attacked by dogs, one transforms "dogs" into a chômeur. The concept was introduced and used extensively in relational grammar; however, the term is rarely used outside of this framework. The term was suggested by the linguist Colette Craig.

title: Chômeur


text:
Boychinovtsi

Boychinovtsi (Бойчиновци, also transliterated as Boichinovtsi, Boichovci, Boychonovci, or Boychinovtzi; ) is a town (град) in northwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Boychinovtsi Municipality (Община Бойчиновци), Montana Province (Област Монтана). It is near the city of Montana. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 1,648.

title: Boychinovtsi


text:
Talk:King crab

Article Works Factually but Is Not Written Like A Natural Article
Its more like a list of facts. Correct and cited but not written in a real article format.

Also-- one side point. The leg span of the larger king crabs is really something. Would add interest to the article especially in the opening sentence.

69.171.160.245 (talk) 04:06, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

Fixes
this thing is a total mess, i can't follow it, and the picture box is too big.

Therefore, I have rewritten it. Stemonitis 13:49, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

this article needs a lot of work. the references to stone crabs is ambiguous. its also very very shy on details and could perhaps use some information on catching king crabs.

Missing information
Missing key factual information (notably quantification of size for a creature that is notable for its size), and then refers to the relative size of the varieties of king crab. Halsteadk 22:25, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Weights and/or sizes are now present for the species which are discussed in depth. --Stemonitis 10:34, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Picture
This picture in the upper right corner needs to be replaced. This is not representative of the appearance of king crabs. The one with the woman holding the crab is the real deal. Unschool 19:20, 14 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Two different species. Both are King Crabs, even though they look different. -- Moondigger 23:34, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Hmmmm. That certainly makes sense.  But I don't believe that the one with all the protrusions is commercially harvested, is it?  Might be wise to draw that distinction for those whose only contact comes at Red Lobster. Unschool 04:02, 30 May 2007 (UTC)
 * You know, that must be the record for the longest time between a question I've asked and the reply. 379 days. That's Wikipedia.  :-) Unschool 04:12, 30 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Honestly, I saw "14 May" and thought two weeks was too long for the question to go without a reply... I didn't catch that it was actually a year and two weeks. :) -- Moondigger 18:37, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

Stone Crabs?
Stemonitis, it's obvious, looking at your user page, that you know a thing or two thousand about crabs. But please help me out here and give a citation on this "stone crab" thing. I worked in the king crab industry for four years, both processing and fishing (more than twenty years ago, admitedly), and never heard this term then or since. And when you say " . . . are called stone crabs by some", you really are (unintentionally, I'm sure) employing weasel words. If you had said that in the article itself, I'd have to delete it. But anyway, could you just give some citations that support the stone crabs thing? Unschool 19:50, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Replied on my talk page --Stemonitis 06:38, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Cleanup - Size!!
The article refers to these creatures having a "large size", but nowhere does it give any quantitative size information! Sorry, but it is this lack of key information that gives Wikipedia a poor image and makes it very unreliable as a source for people to use for research. So I shall have to go elsewhere to find out how big a king crab is! Halsteadk 22:13, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, it's worse than that - elsewhere there are references to "largest" and "significantly smaller" - relative to other types of king crabs, which is nowhere quantified. Tagged with "cleanup" Halsteadk 22:18, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Fair points, to be sure. From personal experience, I would point to the photo with the woman holding the crab.  It's not a scientific description of size, but it is accurate and representative.  [I am less impressed with the two other photos of the spiny-looking crabs; in four years of working the king crab (and tanner crab and opilio, bka "snow crab") harvest, I never saw anything resembling those.]  Unschool 22:26, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I have added a couple of figures for two species. I couldn't find any measurements for L. couesi. The numbers aren't really directly comparable (one is an average, the other a maximum), but it gives an idea. I hope this is enough to warrant my removal of the cleanup tag. --Stemonitis 16:14, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for doing this Stemonitis but I think as the article keeps referring to size rather than weight, this really needs to be added. Halsteadk 20:05, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

 * But surely weight is a measure of size — size need not refer solely to lengths. The article makes no reference to "shorter" or "longer". --Stemonitis 20:35, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Fair comment, and there is the photo of the person holding one for scale. I still feel that there is key missing info but I'm happy to leave the cleanup tag off, and thanks for adding something quantitative at all! Cheers, Halsteadk 10:13, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I'll keep my eyes open for any better measurements. At the very least, minimum landing sizes must be available for such commercially significant species. --Stemonitis 10:50, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, there are minimum specs mandated by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game; taking undersize crab can cost a ship more in fines than they take in. But these specs only refer to the width of the head (body), not the weight, nor the distance from leg tip to leg tip. Unschool 04:19, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

Crab Like?
I heard that King Crabs and this article kind of confirms that. Could someone smarter then my self maybe include more information about this and perhaps include a different name for them.Mantion (talk) 21:50, 10 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I don't understand what you mean. Could you explain the problem, please? --Stemonitis (talk) 07:12, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

I think he means that if the article refers to King Crabs as "crab-like", that raises an issue nowhere addressed. If they are not "true" crabs, why not, and what are they?

I'm no expert, but I believe the "king" crab is not also known as a "stone" crab, but as a "snow" crab. The definition of "stone" crab has them too far south. We eat them in Florida. The shell is far harder than what is called the "snow" crab down here. The so-called "snow" crab resembles what we used to call a "king" crab years ago in New England markets. I'd say king crab and snow crab are different words for the same thing, but not stone crab. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tzurinskas (talk • contribs) 16:15, 12 May 2010 (UTC)

 * You're talking about the Florida stone crab, which is indeed different. That doesn't mean that other people don't call lithodid crustaceans "stone crabs", however. Snow crab, is usually used for Chionoecetes opilio, but could well also be used for different taxa. This also demonstrates why scientific names are so useful. --Stemonitis (talk) 16:18, 12 May 2010 (UTC)

Disambiguation
The horseshoe crab was formerly known as the "king crab" but there is no mention of this in the entry or the entry navigation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.92.79.239 (talk) 16:51, 25 July 2010 (UTC)

"Although formerly classified among the hermit crabs in the superfamily Paguroidea, king crabs are now placed in a separate superfamily, Lithodoidea."
My knowledge of Decapoda is small, so I was wondering why there are all these genuses and species of animals without the "supposed" superfamily Lithodoidea. Looking on google books, I am still unclear. Should Lithodoidea be a redirect to this page?

 * Lithodoidea also contains Hapalogastridae, so is not the same taxon and should not redirect here. --Stemonitis (talk) 16:46, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

Bad picture
That picture in the info box is awful. If that's a king crab, it's not like any I ever fished. 50.193.171.70 (talk) 15:20, 9 November 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:King crab


text:
Roadwar 2000

Roadwar 2000 is a 1986 video game published by Strategic Simulations, Inc. It is a turn-based strategy game set in a post-apocalyptic future that resembles the world portrayed in the Mad Max films.

Gameplay and plot
In 1999, terrorists unleash a deadly virus on the United States, leading to its collapse. Various vigilantes and survivalists appear, and cars become the primary form of transportation and combat.

The player starts off as sort of a scavenger and attempts to build up an army capable of crossing between cities on highways, which have become littered with hordes of marauding mutants, cannibals, and criminal gangs.

Winning enough battles and gathering a sizable army may bring the player's character to attention of the ailing US government, which will recruit the player to find eight missing scientists, America's only hope to finding a cure for the disease. The player must bring them back to a secret base. Along the way, the player must loot cities and scavenge for needed supplies and munitions.

The game calculates and displays detailed statistics during combat encounters that, not surprisingly, occur fairly often. While these text messages were displayed in simple text on the early versions of the game, the Amiga and Atari ST versions accompany these battles with digitized sound.

Platforms
Roadwar 2000 was originally released in 1986 for the Apple II and Commodore 64. In 1987, it was ported to the Amiga, Atari ST, Apple II GS, FM-7, NEC PC-8801 and DOS. The Amiga, Atari ST and Apple II GS versions, developed by Westwood Associates, sported digital sound effects and higher-quality graphics than the previous versions.

Reception
SSI sold 44,044 copies of Roadwar 2000 in North America. The game was reviewed in 1987 in Dragon #118 by Hartley and Patricia Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers stated that "Roadwar 2000 is a great offering and is easily enjoyed by players who have fantasy role-playing backgrounds because you do, indeed, control the shots for your crew." In a subsequent column, the reviewers gave the game 5 out of 5 stars. Compute! stated that the game successfully combined individual combat and strategy with good graphics, and concluded that it was "yet another successful product from SSI". In 1992 and 1994 survey of science fiction games, Computer Gaming World gave the title two-plus stars of five, stating that "It is quite dated today, although it can be fun as a semi-'no brainer.'"

Robbie Robberson reviewed Roadwar 2000 in Space Gamer/Fantasy Gamer No. 81. Robberson said, "In short, the Roadwar series is an example of a good idea that is short circuited by its components. If Strategic Simulations, Inc. can release these games with a better and quicker combat routine, or better yet, reduce the incidence of combat, these games would be a required addition to every serious computer gamer's library. As of now, they are simply entertaining in the short run, and tedious in the long."

Reviews

 * Happy Computer (1986)
 * Computer Gamer (Apr, 1987)
 * ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) (May, 1987)
 * Jeux & Stratégie #43

Sequel
Roadwar 2000 was followed by Roadwar Europa in 1987. It was developed for the same platforms as R2000. This game, set in Europe, is graphically almost identical to its predecessor. Terrorists have devastated one city and are threatening to blow up the continent. It is up to the player to stop them.

title: Roadwar 2000


text:
Talk:Worcestershire

Pronunciation
I have changed the phonetic pronunciation from 'wustashur' and 'wustasheer' to the examples shown, as I feel they are more clear.
 * Though "wusta" in the British English spoken in the county would surely rhyme with "[General] Custer" - and I've never heard that!
 * Changed the phonetic spelling again and added the OED format.--Shastrix 22:35, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * After looking at the Worcester page, I have converted the pronunciation into IPA --Shastrix 6 July 2005 14:10 (UTC)
 * The IPA transcription features post-vocalic /r/, which is absent in British English. On that same note, the diphthongs are badly transcribed, too—it should read /iə/, not /iər/.
 * Cambridge & Oxford Dictionary of English omit the /r/——including non-rhotic RP /r/——in the second syllable, e.g. Cambridge "/ˈwʊs.tə.ʃər/". The OGG file is unclear as the syllable is unstressed, but I hear /ə/ not /ər/. American dictionaries omit the /r/ in the middle syllable in some cases or give /ˈwʊs.tə.ʃər/ as an alternative in others; but the word is after all British. I'm going to change the IPA to match the OGG file & British dictionaries. --D Anthony Patriarche (talk) 10:06, 30 July 2019 (UTC)

Places
Not certain where to put this comment, but here seems reasonable as I'm primarily thinking of Worcestershire: there's an inconsistency with the "List of places in X" articles as to whether they refer to the ceremonial county or the modern administrative one. For example, Stourbridge is included in the list of places in Worcestershire, and Telford in the list of places in Shropshire - but Wolverhampton is not included in the list of places in Staffordshire, which historically it is part of. Which is right? Loganberry 00:34, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Stourbridge shouldn't be on the list as it is now in the West Midlands (unless there is a 'places formerly within' section or something). However Telford is OK as it is still ceremonially part of Shropshire if not administratively. Wolverhampton is also part of the West Midlands. G-Man 19:14, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

wtf is going on with the malvern (home of the morgan sports car) thing. lets be honest morgan coming from worcestershire is not first paragraph stuff.seems like advertising to me. -jg.
 * Has been moved at some point from lead to body, subhead Industry and agriculture ✅

Userbox
Just to let you know there's now the user Worcestershire userbox which you can add to your userpage and which will automatically add you to Category:Wikipedians in Worcestershire. -- Daduzi  talk  16:33, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Alternate Userbox
The userbox user from Worcestershire has been created for Wikipedians who were born in Worcestershire. Its related category is Category:Wikipedians from Worcestershire. Chaz6 (talk) 05:45, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

Brummie Twang?
"The north such as Kidderminster, Bromsgrove and Redditch consists of a Brummie twang"

As someone who has lived in Bromsgrove for most of his life this doesn't seem quite right, Redditch and Kidderminster it seems fairly accurate for but not Bromsgrove. I'm not sure how you'd describe the Bromsgrove accent, but I most certainly wouldn't describe as being like the Brummie accent.
 * The unsigned comment above draws attention to the problems of speech accents. I agree that the whole sentence is probably inaccurate. Kidderminster's accent has far more in common with the Black Country towns of Stourbridge, Dudley, Halesowen and the communities of Gornal, Lower Gornal, Blackheath and Cradley Heath with whom it had trading links for over two centuries. Redditch's accent may well have a similarity to that of Birmingham because it was a post-war "New Town" deliberatly rehousing the war damaged housing of its near neighbour Birmingham. However, I have not listened closely to the accents of those residents who were living there before the "New Town" was created.DonBarton 16:59, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * It is possible that a very detailed description  of the accents is not necessary within the scope of the entry  for the county. Such  detail would be probably more appropriate in an article on  Accents of England. I have added the mention of The Archers, not only because of the accent used, but  also for its notability as the world's oldest radio  soap, and being set somewhere in or near the area of our county that has an accent closely resembling  it. --Kudpung (talk) 05:13, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

July, 2007 flooding incident
Where is it being detailed? Anchoress 23:14, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:EH icon.png
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BetacommandBot (talk) 05:15, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

School performance
Is the school performance table appropriate here? It relates to a single year and no information is given about the current data. Chaz6 (talk) 13:34, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

Citation please?

 * The West Midlands County Council existed for only a short period before abolition in April 1986 by the Government, though legally the county still exists to this day.

The first part is unstartling, but the second is completely unmentioned in the West Midlands County Council article, so if it's to stay here it needs a solid reference. Loganberry (Talk) 01:16, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

County History
I have split this into sections (according to Wiki recommendations) for easier reading and editing. However, although all the points are important  and relevant, the article needs rewriting with  all the historical  sequence being put into as near chronological order as possible in their relative sections. At present, it darts back and forth and is not very easy to  follow. --Kudpung (talk) 02:33, 25 May 2009 (UTC)

Radio
The the mammoth article on  radio completely  dominates the Worcs article, is long without any  subsections, contains far too  much  detail for a single subject  for a county  article, probably 99% of it  belongs either in  an article of its own or as a sub-page of radio in  Britain or something  similar.--Kudpung (talk) 02:33, 25 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, I agree, and actually I'd say that wherever it ends up (perhaps Broadcasting in Worcestershire or something?) there's too much detail, full stop. Given that, for example, Wyvern FM already exists, the fine details about its ownership and history surely belong there, not in a general article at all. There's considerable overlink in the section as well. Radio is not my field, but I'd certainly be happy if someone who did know what they were talking about made the changes Kudpung suggests. Loganberry (Talk) 02:43, 25 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Okay, I've tried to cut it down. I've been pretty brutal, but the information is, of course, still available in the history. Would someone read over the sectiion and check it still makes sense? I can't see it any more. GyroMagician (talk) 17:31, 25 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Nice work Gyro :) - I've even hacked a bit more out and copyedited it. Loganberry, thanks for your support in  motivating these actions. --Kudpung (talk) 14:53, 26 May 2009 (UTC)
 * It's nearly there. I think we should be able to reduce that last paragraph a bit more, but I can't really find the words tonight - I'll try again later if you don't get there first ;-) GyroMagician (talk) 19:19, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

Project Worcestershire (pre-proposal)
Several English counties have started projects in order to clean up and apply a code of standards for all the stubs and articles about the cities, towns, and villages in their county, (and in  our case within the category  Villages in Worcestershire), and to  invite more contributors to  complete the infoboxes, extend the information,  and add formal references and images.

According to Wiki guidelines, before a proposal for the creation of a WikiProject is made, the proposing editor should gather a minimum of 5 registered Wiki users who are in favour of the idea. You only need to be in favour - you do not need to be an active Wiki editor/contributor. The place to add your name is here:User:Kudpung/project Worcestershire.

 * Count me in GyroMagician (talk) 08:00, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

 * and me, but it will be a mouth before I will have much time Iccaldwell (talk) 08:21, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

To do
Now that all the settlement articles have been rated and put on 'to  do' lists on  the project  page, probably  a serious look  at  this Worcestershire page is now required because  it  really ought  to  be the project's flagship  article. Apart for a great many  minor edits, there has been a full  two-year  hiatus until Gyro and  one or two  others started taking  an interest in  it  in  April. Most of the information  is in  the article, but  it  needs a massive restructuring and prose rewrite, and has no  formal  references or sources. There iprobably won't  be  any  objections from previous contributors as Gyro and Iccaldwell were the only editors to  respond to  to  the dozens of editors who  were contacted. Maybe a good starting point  would be to  organise the available material around the schema Giro  made on his user page for the malvern article, and then clean up  section  by  section. It might  be an idea to  archive this talk page to  start  here (but  this action  needs a consensus). --Kudpung (talk) 05:58, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

Icon issues
I have reverted the placing of an icon issues banner by User talk:86.42.78.36. After referring back to  MOS I  have been unable to  identify  any  specific problems with  the icons on the page. I have asked the editor to  provide further details. Apologies all round if I  may have acted in error. --Kudpung (talk) 08:20, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

 * They places of interest on this article is the only article I've seen that uses a legend like here. A table with a description would be better 86.42.78.36 (talk) 11:35, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Suggestion for icon removal

 * The above example by user 86.42.78.36 was originally transferred from  my  talk page by me and reverted/replaced by  user 86.42.78.36 (see history) --Kudpung (talk) 17:27, 9 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Definitely not! Its ugly and it adds absolutely nothing to the article apart from taking up more space! Jeni  ( talk ) 18:56, 9 August 2009 (UTC)
 * It's ugly isn't much of an agreement while. Ease of reading is, Ease of sorting is. As is Manual_of_Style_(icons) and ICONDECORATION and it only uses more space if POI are ever listed in 2 columns which I've not seen 86.42.78.36 (talk) 22:59, 9 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I think it would be best to write the section in prose rather than a table. A sortable table might not actually be that helpful, for example there are many types of attractions and being able to sort that column wouldn't serve much purpose. The information you suggest including in the table would be just as good written as prose. Nev1 (talk) 23:07, 9 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree moving this to prose would be the best solution. 86.42.78.36 (talk) 00:00, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

The ultimate aim should be to get this article to Featured status, and so it's a good idea to look at other Featured Articles to see how they deal with such sections. Places of interest is a bit touristy and could be replaced with a more neutral title such as landmarks. On appearances, Somerset (FA) seems to have merged the section with culture. The key and icons are used in several (usually under-developed) articles, however Greater Manchester (FA) does not. It seems the best way to approach a landmarks section is in the form of prose and without the icons. The icons provide a little more info for a bare list, but once the section is expanded, they become superfluous. Nev1 (talk) 19:00, 9 August 2009 (UTC)
 * The icons and the legend used in the article is commonly used in other articles about places in England as well. See Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:EngPlacesKey. --Joshua Issac (talk) 14:27, 10 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing that  out. Please see the preceding  comments  by  Nev1 -  it would be interesting  to  know how many  of those articles a re GA or FA  status. I've had a look  at  one or two  of them and some indeed look  quite messy.--Kudpung (talk) 04:25, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

Malvern Fringe Festival
Currently the article says "Malvern is the home of the Malvern Fringe Festival, one of the oldest festivals of its kind in the world". The reference is to Wikipedia's own article on fringe festivals, and unfortunately doesn't count as a reliable source. Does anyone have something better to back up the claim? Nev1 (talk) 20:27, 21 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Indeed Wikipeida's own Fringe theatre page gives Brighton starting in 1967 and Edinburgh Fringe as founded in 1947 - and that's only the UK. I always though 1977 sounded a bit late for a first fringe festival, but never checked. It sounds like we should remove the claim. GyroMagician (talk) 12:11, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

Evolution of Worcestershire County Boundaries
Hi

Just to let you know that I (with contributions from others) have been working on an article known as Evolution of Worcestershire County Boundaries, which could help clear up the 'Local Government' section on the Worcestershire page. Maybe some parts of the Worcestershire page dealing with historical boundary changes to the Local Government structures can be deleted in favour of a brief overview and concentration on the present local government structures of the county.

This page is already linked from the Worcestershire page.

Evolution of Worcestershire county boundaries

Bellow558 (talk) 14:35, 29 June 2013 (UTC)

""
The usage of Worcester is under discussion, see Talk:Worcester. Found5dollar (talk) 19:53, 7 November 2014 (UTC)

The discussion on whether Worcester should become a disambiguation page has reopened. Please visit Talk:Worcester to add to the discussion.--Found5dollar (talk) 01:41, 29 December 2014 (UTC)

Sauce
I find it odd that Worcestershire Sauce is only mentioned toward the end of the page. The sauce is the only reason most people have heard of this place. 74.58.46.152 (talk) 13:18, 4 December 2015 (UTC)
 * A lot more people have heard of it than Rockland, Ontarion. --Kudpung กุดผึ้ง (talk) 18:15, 4 December 2015 (UTC)
 * From an encyclopedic point of view, Worcestershire sauce is merely a product that originated here. It would be different if this were a promotion for the area. What I am interested in is opinions on the actual size of the Worcestershire sauce image.  If no one objects, I would like to reduce its size to reduce its impact on the entire article.     — BoringJim (talk) 00:56, 18 January 2020 (UTC)

External links modified
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History section
I think the weakest section of this page is the history section. I have been expanding History of Worcestershire so some of that could move here. However I am not sure what the best balance between the two is. I think the Wikipedia advice is that the 'lead' section should be the basis of the crossover? Some time to think, as the history page is not yet complete. Jim Killock (talk) 07:42, 23 July 2018 (UTC)

Proposed changes to guidelines on UK counties
If anyone is interested, there is a discussion taking place here. All comments are welcome. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 22:48, 23 October 2018 (UTC)

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pronunciation -r?
I see discussions in the past and old attempts to change it, so I can't follow why all the pronunciations we are giving insist there is an r sound at the end? --Andrew Lancaster (talk) 20:16, 28 April 2022 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Worcestershire


text:
Zizinho

Thomaz Soares da Silva, also known as Zizinho (14 September 1921 – 8 February 2002), was a Brazilian footballer who played as an attacking midfielder for the Brazil national football team. He came to international prominence at the 1950 World Cup, where he scored two goals. He was lauded as a complete player, with an array of offensive skills such as his dribbling, passing, and shooting ability with both feet, as well as his accuracy from dead ball situations and extraordinary vision. He was Pelé's idol, and is often considered one of the best Brazilian men's footballers of the pre-Pelé era.

Career
Born at Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, he played for Flamengo, Bangu, São Paulo FC, Audax Italiano of Chile among others teams. He is considered the first idol of Flamengo, club that he defended - winning the state championships in 1942, 1943 and 1944 - until he was transferred just before the start of 1950 World Cup to Bangu. In São Paulo he won the state championship in 1957 being extremely important and becoming an idol.

In the 1950 World Cup he helped Brazil to progress to the final, but their surprise 2–1 defeat to Uruguay tarnished his reputation. Zizinho played a total of 53 times for his national team, scoring 30 goals. He turned down last minute invitations by the CBF to join first the 1954 World Cup Squad and then the 1958 squad, citing on both occasions that it would be unfair on the player being dropped at the last minute to make way for him.

Pelé always said that Zizinho was the best player he ever saw. "He was a complete player. He played in midfield, in attack, he scored goals, he could mark, head and cross."

Club

 * Flamengo
 * Campeonato Carioca: 1942, 1943, 1944

 * São paulo
 * Campeonato Paulista: 1957

International

 * FIFA World Cup runner-up: 1950
 * South American Championship: 1949
 * Taça do Atlântico: 1956
 * Roca Cup: 1945
 * Copa Rio Branco: 1950
 * Taça Oswaldo Cruz: 1955, 1956

Individual

 * FIFA World Cup Golden Ball: 1950
 * FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1950
 * IFFHS Brazilian Player of the 20th Century (4th place)
 * IFFHS South American Player of the 20th Century (10th place)
 * Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame

Records

 * South American Championship / Copa América all-time top goalscorer: 17 goals (shared with Norberto Méndez)

title: Zizinho


text:
Municipal mergers and dissolutions in Japan

Municipal mergers and dissolutions carried out in Japan (市町村合併) have occurred since the Meiji era to join the facilities and legal boundaries of municipal districts, towns, and cities. Often, these mergers are driven by a necessity to consolidate villages and 'natural settlements' into larger-scale cities as modernization progressed and consolidation was promoted to provide greater access to public facilities and schools.

History
There have been several "waves" of merger activity between Japanese municipalities. The first wave, known as "the great Meiji mergers" (明治の大合併), occurred in the period from 1888 to 1889, when the modern municipal system was established. Before the mergers, existing municipalities were the direct successors of spontaneous hamlets called hanseison (藩政村), or villages under the han system. This han system is still reflected in the postal system for rural areas as postal units called ōaza (大字). The mergers slashed the number of ‘natural settlements’ (自然集落) that existed at the time from 71,314 to 15,859 cities, towns and villages, justified at the time by the increased scale and relevance of the resulting respective autonomous governing bodies.

The second wave, called "the great Shōwa mergers" (昭和の大合併), took place over the period from 1953 to 1956. It reduced the number of cities, towns and villages by over half, from 9,868 to 3,472 with purposes of the establishment of a National Treasury Subsidy System. 5,000 villages disappeared, but the number of cities were doubled.

In 1965, the Special Law for Municipal Mergers (SLMM) was enacted, but it failed to motivate municipalities to voluntarily merge with others.

Contemporary causes
The declining birthrate of Japan and very poor fiscal state led the Japanese central government to promote national consolidation reform from the late 20th century onwards.

As of January 2006, many municipalities in Japan contained fewer than 200 residents. Japanese municipalities require skilled workers, and 40% of Japan's GDP consisted of debts from local governments. Efforts to merge local governments have been made with aims to expand residential area per municipal government, create different school attendance boundaries for elementary school and junior high school students, and to allow more widespread use of public facilities.

Process
After the decentralisation movement started, based on the Omnibus Decentralization Law and an amendment to the Special Law for Municipal Mergers (SLMM) in 1999, which provided strong financial and economic incentives for municipal consolidation, the central government forced municipal mergers by using incentive schemes according to special financial measures:

 * A grace period was offered to keep an original grant after municipal mergers, combining the grants of the two combined municipalities. If city A received 0, and city B received 100, a merger of A and B would keep 100, guaranteeing the same amount of grants.
 * After mergers, the issue of special local bonds would be paid through central government grants. These special bonds provided very strong incentive for the implementation of public works to support the new merged municipalities.

Although mergers were not mandatory, the central government established a goal of decreasing municipality numbers to 1,000, and used these incentives to urge prefectural governments to promote mergers.

There are two types of municipal merger under this and previous policies:

 * Absorption by one city of others. The core city retains its name, legal status, mayor and legislative body, and municipal offices, while the absorbed entity loses theirs.
 * The creation of a new entity out of the merger cities. When a new entity is created, they receive new legal status, create a new name and location for government offices, and form a new council.

Local referendums
Local governments used local referendums or questionnaire surveys regarding potential mergers to evaluate public opinion. 352 local referendums on merging took place from 1999 to 2006.

Great Heisei Amalgamations
A vast number of municipal mergers, known as "the great Heisei mergers" (平成の大合併), were executed from 1999 to 2010 (the so-called Great Heisei Amalgamations). Municipality numbers dropped from 3,232 to 1,727 during this period. Due to the, a series of administrative and financial reforms that significantly affected smaller municipalities after their implementation in the early 2000s, many of these small municipalities had to voluntary merge with others. The main motivation of the reform was stated as to support small local governments that would become unstable in the event of poor fiscal periods.

From April 1999 to April 2014, there were 188 cases of municipal absorption, and 461 new municipalities. Among them, 582 consolidations were done during the Great Heisei Consolidations period from April 1999 to March 2006. This number includes duplicated consolidations.

Amalgamate patterns
There were 8 merging patterns during the Great Heisei Amalgamations:
 * Merge established by the Merger Council with original members.
 * Merge after creating a new Merger Council with new partners.
 * Merge in another Merger Council after seceding from the original Merger Council.
 * A merger in which the original Merger Council increased in size with new members.
 * Continue as independent municipality after seceding from original Merger Council.
 * Continue as an independent municipality having not joined a Merger Council.
 * Continue as an independent municipality after the Merger Council dissolves.
 * Merge on the basis of the Merger Law alone (without a Merger Council).

Record of changes

 * The list of mergers and dissolutions of municipalities in Japan shows mergers and dissolutions of municipalities sorted by prefecture.

Naming of new municipalities
Naming a new post-merger municipality is not a negligible matter. Disagreement on a name sometimes causes merger talks to break down. If a city is far larger than the towns joining it, no arguments take place; the city's name simply survives. However, if their sizes do not differ significantly, lengthy disputes can ensue. Sometimes, the problem can be solved by adopting the name of the district or compounding the names of the localities to be merged; the latter method is relatively common in Europe, but is unusual in Japan. These compounded names are often abbreviated. For example, the Ōta (大田) ward of Tokyo is a portmanteau of Ōmori (大森) and Kamata (蒲田); Ōkama was not chosen because of its likeness to 'okama', a derogatory word for homosexual. Toyoshina, Nagano, is an acronym of the four antecedent villages: Toba, Yoshino, Shinden, and Nariai.

Another common naming method is borrowing a well known nearby place name and adding a direction, such as in Nishitōkyō ("West Tokyo"), Kitakyūshū ("North Kyūshū"), Higashiōsaka ("East Osaka"), Shikokuchūō ("Central Shikoku") and Higashiōmi ("East Ōmi"). Other towns sometimes use nouns with pleasant connotations, such as peace (平和), green (緑), or future (未来).

A characteristic of the Heisei mergers is a rapid increase of hiragana names. The names of Japan's cities used to be written in Kanji exclusively. The first instance of "hiragana municipalities" was Mutsu (むつ), renamed in 1960. The number of place names using hiragana reached 45 by April 2006, including Tsukuba (つくば), Kahoku (かほく), Sanuki (さぬき), Tsukubamirai (つくばみらい), and Saitama (さいたま), which was upgraded to a designated city in 2003. The creation of Minami Alps in 2003 is the first example of a katakana city name.

Criticisms
Most of Japan's rural municipalities largely depend on subsidies from the central government. They are often criticized for spending money for wasteful public enterprises to keep jobs. The central government, which is itself running budget deficits, has a policy of encouraging mergers to make the municipal system more efficient.

Although the government purports to respect self-determination of the municipalities, some consider the policy to be compulsory. As a result of mergers, some cities such as Daisen, Akita temporarily had very large city assemblies.

Some people see it as a form of federalism; they consider that the ultimate goal is to change Japan into a union consisting of more autonomous states. So far, the mergers have been limited to local municipalities. Mergers of prefectures have been discussed in some regions of Japan.

Suzuki and Ha's empirical research found that municipal merger in Japan during 2008 to 2014 discourages performance of legislative activity and bylaw proposals, using a dataset of 754 Japanese city-level governments. Local councils, after municipal mergers, propose fewer municipal bylaws, showing that these communities produced after municipal mergers appear to experience worse legislative performance. Their research also shows that enlarging municipal size is negatively associated with legislative performance.

Ikuta concluded that, while there are cases of successful mergers that embrace the common characteristics of the region as a whole, there are also many merged municipalities that struggle with a new shared regional image and identity. The Great Heisei Amalgamations were characterized at least in part by misunderstandings of regional brands, resulting in medium- and long-term regional competitiveness for achieving a local identity.

Rausch suggests that post-merger policies need a better framework. He points out an example of the Hirosaki City merger with Iwaki Town and Soma Village, in which the city tourism policy focused only on images of Hirosaki, resulting in a poor outcome in tourism for the smaller municipalities involved.