text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dale Mabry

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 19:27, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Dale Mabry
This person is the son of a former Supreme Court Justice. Is any of this information verifiable? A better question is why would an airfield or road be named after this person? GRider\talk 20:48, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Notable Floridian. Gamaliel 20:57, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment.  Why keep Dale Mabry but delete Dan Reed Olsen Jr.?  What accomplishments did this fellow make which illustrate such notability?  GRider\talk 21:10, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Dan Reed Olsen Jr. is a clear cut case of vanity, given that it was created by User:Danolsen and an edit summary says "this is my father and for a class we are supposed to write an article someone we know that has made contributions in their field." Even without this, he doesn't pass the average professor test for me. Gamaliel 21:55, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm working on expanding Mabry's article to further establish him as a notable figure in Florida. Gamaliel 22:06, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and expand. Megan1967 23:17, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. He seems to have been an airship pilot who died when his airship died in World War I. Apart from the road, an air base and school were named after him. Capitalistroadster 10:54, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, a major road is named after him, so someone thought him notable enough. --SPUI (talk) 00:45, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge with the road if he's not notable for anything else. Kappa 02:31, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable.--Centauri 12:22, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mabry is an important part of Tampa history. Mike H 12:04, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:69.81.171.204

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.81.171.204


text:
Aurelius Arpagius

Aurelius Arpagius was a governor of one of the provinces of Roman Britain, probably Britannia Secunda. He is known from a single building inscription from a Roman fort at Birdoswald (RIB 1912), which describes the rebuilding of several buildings at the fort under the Tetrarchy. The inscription dates to the period AD 296–305, just after Rome had retaken Britain from Allectus.

title: Aurelius Arpagius


text: Category:Ohio Wesleyan University

title: Category:Ohio Wesleyan University


text:
Burbank, South Dakota

Burbank is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place (CDP) in Clay County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 93 at the 2020 census.

Burbank was laid out in 1873, and it is named in honor of John A. Burbank, the fourth Governor of Dakota Territory.

title: Burbank, South Dakota


text:
Caputa, South Dakota

Caputa is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 32 at the 2020 census.

Caputa got its start in 1907 when the Milwaukee Railroad was extended to that point.

title: Caputa, South Dakota


text:
Sumon

People

 * Kabir Sumon previously known as Suman Chattopadhyay, Bengali musician, journalist, writer, actor and a member of the parliament of India.
 * Saidus Salehin Khaled Sumon, Bangladeshi musician from Aurthohin band, also known as Bassbaba.
 * Sumon Saha, a first class cricketer from Bangladesh.
 * Sumon Barua, a first-class and list A cricketer from Bangladesh.
 * Sumon K Chakrabarti, former chief national correspondent and one of the founder employee of Indian CNN-IBN.
 * Sumon - Bangladeshi child actor.

Places

 * Sumon, Niigata, was a village located in Kitauonuma District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan which was later merged to create the city of Uonuma.
 * Sum (administrative division) - also known as sumons, a type of administrative district used in China, Mongolia, and Russia.

title: Sumon


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dan Reed Olsen Jr.

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 03:49, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Dan Reed Olsen Jr.
Vanity, professor-cruft, or notable individual? How is notability being demonstrated within this article? GRider\talk 20:52, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. A clear cut case of vanity, given that it was created by User:Danolsen and an edit summary says "this is my father and for a class we are supposed to write an article someone we know that has made contributions in their field." Even without this, he doesn't pass the average professor test for me. Gamaliel 21:58, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but with reservations. Needs rewrite and expansion. Megan1967 23:10, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fam-van. Doesn't seem a notable professor to me. It's hard to tell what those publications are; if many of them are books or anything substantially beyond the basic publications all professors are required to do I may change my vote. -R. fiend 00:08, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Doesn't seem to pass the professor test. Delete, with the same provision as R.fiend. Radiant! 09:14, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - much more notable than any Pokemon - David Gerard 14:47, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Despite being more relevant that a Pokemon character, he does not meet the recommended criteria for inclusion of biographies.  Wikipedia is inconsistent.  By the way, the picture in the article sure looks like a copyvio from .  Rossami (talk) 00:18, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

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text:
Carpenter, South Dakota

Carpenter is an unincorporated community in Clark County, South Dakota, United States. It is not tracked by the Census Bureau. Carpenter has the post office serving the ZIP code 57322 area. Despite the city's size of one square city block, businesses such as Agtegra, the Carpenter Cafe, Dick's Garage, and the post office flourish here.

History
Carpenter was named by postmaster John C. Opsahl for his recently deceased friend, G. W. Carpenter, a land office agent in nearby Watertown, Codington County.

title: Carpenter, South Dakota


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Daniel Crowley

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 17:00, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

Daniel Crowley
Is this a joke, or vanity? Surely not all Bostom Marathon runners from Ireland are noteworthy? GRider\talk 20:57, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Article does not establish notability.  RickK 21:34, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - 50 Google hits ("Daniel Crowley" + "marathon"). Megan1967 23:07, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete-LtNOWIS 02:12, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Flavius Sanctus

Flavius Sanctus was a governor of the province of Rutupine (now Richborough Castle), of Roman Britain during the mid fourth century AD. Part of the Gallo-Roman aristocracy, he may have descended from a Sanctus, member of the Gallic Empire.

It was also believed he may have been a commander at Regulbium and Richborough Castle but he may have simply lived there. Roman emperor Constans appointed a Roman emperor whose name is unknown and was eventually replaced by Sanctus. Sanctus married Namia Pudentilla, a sister of Ausonius's wife's and Sanctus was praised in one of Ausonius's poems.

Aside from being a Christian, not many details about him are known.

title: Flavius Sanctus


text:
Montgomery County Public Schools (Maryland)

Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS) is a public school district that serves Montgomery County, Maryland. With 210 schools, it is the largest school district in the state of Maryland. For the 2022–23 school year, the district had about 160,554 students taught by about 13,994 teachers, 86.4 percent of whom had a master's degree or equivalent. MCPS receives nearly half of the county's budget—47% in 2023.

As of February 2024, the acting superintendent of schools is Matthew Bailey, the district’s chief operating officer. The board of education includes a student member, elected by all secondary students, who votes on all issues except punishment for individuals; in 2023–24, the student board member is Sami Saeed.

In 2010, MCPS was awarded a Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award.

19th century
Only private schools existed in Montgomery County until 1860, when the public school district was established for white children. The outbreak of the Civil War the following year brought raids by both Union and Confederate forces on local schools, which ultimately closed from 1862 until 1864.

In 1872, the Maryland General Assembly appropriated state money to open schools for children of color. The county established a segregated school system.

In 1892, the county opened its first high school, Rockville High School, which graduated its first class of 12 seniors graduated in 1897. (In 1927, Rockville Colored High School would open, after which the older whites-only school changed its name to Richard Montgomery High School. ) A second high school, Gaithersburg High School, was established in 1904.

20th century
In the early 29th century, the school budget started to see the effects of suburbanization. In 1908, there were 6,483 students and a budget of $76,000. The school system saw more growth in 1912 after the United States Congress passed a "non-resident" law that excluded Montgomery County school children from enrolling in Washington, D.C. schools, which were known for their higher quality. By 1921, the school budget had grown to more than $316,000.

The county's first Board of Education was named by legislative enactments in 1917; the first board consisted of nine men. A woman was appointed to the board in 1920: Mrs. A. Dawson Trumble, who served a five-year term that led to a steady succession of female members.

Edwin W. Broome, superintendent during 1916–1953, combined one-room schoolhouses into multi-room operations at the beginning of his tenure, reducing the number of schools from 108 to 66 by 1949. At that point, school enrollment was over 22,000. When Broome took the job, there were five high schools, all in the northern portion of the county. He built two secondary schools for Silver Spring and two for Bethesda, and also pushed high schools to add the 12th grade.

In 1936, Broome and his board agreed to equalize teacher pay regardless of race in response to a lawsuit brought by William B. Gibbs Jr. and the NAACP.

In the early 1950s, elementary students of color attended one of four elementary schools – Linden, Ken-Gar, Takoma Park, and River Road – all of which were considered substandard. Older students of color attended Lincoln Junior High School and George Washington Carver High School in Rockville. Montgomery County was one of the first seven counties in Maryland to start to desegregate its public schools, which it began in September 1955, following the Brown v. Board of Education ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States that ordered the desegregation of all schools nationwide. Montgomery County completed the integration of its schools in 1960–1961.

In 1961, the school system had 85,000 students and a $70 million budget, having become the largest system in the Washington suburbs. Before 1961, separate schools were maintained for black children. At that time, Rockville's George Washington Carver High School students were rezoned to the previously all-white schools across the county.

MCPS saw enrollment numbers peak in 1972 when they reached 127,912. However, enrollment decreased over the next ten years, hitting a low of 91,030 in 1983. This prompted the closure of 60 schools. However, with more than 96,000 students and 13,000 staff members in 155 schools in 1986, the school system was still one of the 20 largest in the nation. Enrollment was over 100,000 by 1990.

In 1991, Paul L. Vance became the county's first black superintendent when there were 107,000 students and 174 schools. When he left in 1999, MCPS had 129,000 students in 185 schools. Over the next ten years, enrollment grew to more than 150,000.

21st century
In 2014, the board modified the school calendar to remove all references to the Christian and Jewish religious holidays of Christmas, Easter, Yom Kippur, and Rosh Hashanah. The amendment was in response to a campaign by the initiative "Equality for Eid" (E4E), which sought for Montgomery County Public School closures on the Muslim holidays of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The amendment received some media attention. Criticism of the amendment came from a variety of sources, including Montgomery County Executive Isiah Leggett and Congressman John Delaney.

For the 2022–2023 school year, the district has 210 schools and an enrollment of 160,554 students.

On February 2, 2024, Monifa McKnight, the first black woman to serve as superintendent of Montgomery County schools, resigned under pressure from the school board "amid questions about how the district handled sexual harassment, bullying and other allegations involving a former principal," as the Washington Post put it.

Governance and budget
MCPS funding comes mostly from Montgomery County (66%) and the State of Maryland (27%), with additional funds from federal government grants (3%), enterprise funds (3%), and other sources (1%).

MCPS, which covers the entire county as its school district, is governed by a board of education that sets goals, establishes policies, and allocates resources.

In 1977, the Maryland General Assembly amended Section 3-901 of the Education Article of the Annotated Code of the Public General Laws of Maryland to create a seat for a student on the eight-member board of education with a one-year term. From 1978 until 1982, a small representative assembly of students selected the student member. The first was David Naimon, who served during the 1978–1979 school year. Traci Williams, who served during the 1980–1981 school year, was the first African American to serve as a student member. After Williams died in December 2008, the MCPS board released a declaration recognizing her effect on the county.

Since 1982, the student member has been directly elected by vote of all MCPS secondary students (i.e., those in middle and high schools). Kurt Hirsch, the first student member directly elected by secondary students, served during the 1982–1983 school year. During the 1989 session of the Maryland General Assembly, Section 3-901 was again amended and established a limited vote for the student member. In 1995, Charles McCullough was the first African American to be directly elected as a student member of the board, serving during the 1995–1996 school year.

Since 2016, the student member has had full voting rights, except for votes to punish individuals. The student member of the board serves one year and can vote on matters related to collective bargaining, capital and operating budgets, and school closings, re–openings, and boundaries. The student member of the board receives a $5,000 college scholarship, student service learning hours, and one honors-level social studies credit.

The Board of Education student member for the 2023–2024 school year is Sami Saeed, a senior at Richard Montgomery High School. Saeed was elected by 70 percent of the nearly 56,000 students who voted. He was sworn in on July 11, 2023.

The board's current members are:

Students
The MCPS student population has continued to grow over the years. The district saw a record enrollment of 160,564 students at the start of the 2022–2023 school year. MCPS serves a diverse student body, with 32.8% Hispanic, 25.8% White, 21.8% Black, 14.3% Asian, .1% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and 5.0% two or more races.

Graduates from the class of 2018 earned $364 million in college scholarships, an increase of more than $14 million over the previous year.

The class of 2017 outperformed their peers in the state of Maryland, and the nation as a whole, on Advanced Placement (AP) exams, based on AP Cohort Results released by the College Board. In 2017, more than 7,000 MCPS graduates (66%) took one or more AP exams. The percentage of students receiving a college-ready score of 3 or higher on at least one exam rose to 52%, higher than the 31% of the public school graduates in Maryland and 23% of the national graduates.

The total number of AP tests taken declined from 41,048 in 2019 to 31,750 in 2021. Passing scores increased from 71.5% in 2019 to 75.1% in 2020; however, they declined again in 2021 to 68.1%.

Academics
MCPS has established certain criteria for students to graduate high school. Students must achieve 22 credits to graduate, with each semester course worth 0.5 credits. The necessary credits include, among others, the following requirements for the class of 2025:
 * 4 credits — English.
 * 4 credits — Math: At least 1 Algebra and 1 Geometry.
 * 3 credits — Science: At least 1 Life science (e.g., Biology) and 1 Physical science.
 * 3 credits — Social studies: 1 credit each of Government, U.S. history, and World history.
 * 1 credit — Technology: Students can choose among Computer Science, Engineering, or other technology-related courses.
 * Other credit requirements include: Physical Education, Health Education, Fine arts, and Electives.

In addition to these credit requirements, other requirements for graduation include four years of enrollment, student service learning, and assessments.

During the 2017–2018 school year, the district launched data dashboards to focus on learning, accountability, and results. Continuous monitoring of students' progress ensures that students have timely support, focused interventions, acceleration, and enrichment. Readiness data helps the district to monitor students' progress and plan accordingly.

The district has emphasized preparing students for both college and career. In April 2018, the College Board and Project Lead the Way awarded more than 3,000 students in the U.S. for their accomplishments in the 2016–2017 school year. Compared to other school districts, MCPS had the most students who'd earned the AP + PLTW Student Achievements, followed by districts in Illinois and Texas, and its neighboring Howard County Public School System in Maryland. Wheaton High School, which focuses on project-based learning, had the second-most students with the achievement, behind Adlai E. Stevenson High School in Illinois.

Every high school offers courses linked to a variety of careers. A program implemented at Magruder High School during the 2018–2019 school year allows students to get a head start on careers in aviation.

In May 2018, students from Northwest High School were the first in the district to graduate with a two-year degree in general engineering from Montgomery College as well as a high school diploma. In May 2018, five Northwood High School students were the first MCPS students to complete the Middle College Program at their school, which allowed them to earn an associate degree from Montgomery College as well as a high school diploma.

MCPS is one of the few school districts in the nation that offers comprehensive services at the elementary, middle, and high school levels for twice-exceptional students. Twice-exceptional students have a unique profile of significant strengths and weaknesses – they are gifted and talented and also meet the criteria for an Individualized Education Program (IEP) or a Section 504 plan. Twice-exceptional students access accelerated and enriched instruction with appropriate support and services at their local school, a magnet/choice program, or a special education discrete service.

Language immersion programs are offered at several elementary and middle schools.

Schools
MCPS consists of 211 schools: 137 elementary schools, 40 middle schools, 26 high schools, 5 special schools, 1 early childhood learning center, and 1 alternative education program.

MCPS publishes school data annually. Its "Schools at a Glance" document provides information about enrollment, staffing, facilities, programs, outcome measures, and personnel costs for each school.

The district has 39 National Blue Ribbon Schools, a designation that recognizes public and private schools based on their overall academic excellence or their progress in closing achievement gaps among student subgroups.

The school system piloted an extended school year at two elementary schools – Arcola and Roscoe Nix elementary schools – during the 2018–2019 school year. The plan aims to help economically disadvantaged students, who lose the most ground during long summer breaks. As of 2022, the program is still in effect at these schools. The school began July 6 for the 2022–2023 school year, giving students an additional 30 days of school. The county says this extended schedule provides students interactive learning and social/emotional growth.

Notable alumni
Prominent graduates or former attendees of the school system include:

 * Tori Amos, singer
 * Michelle Bachelet, 33rd and 35th president of Chile
 * Jonathan Banks, actor
 * Lewis Black, comedian
 * Carl Bernstein, journalist
 * Mark Bryan, musician
 * Dave Chappelle, comedian
 * Connie Chung, journalist
 * Darrell Docket, football player
 * Michael Ealy, actor
 * Katie Feeney, social media personality
 * Dean Felber, musician
 * John Harwood, journalist
 * Goldie Hawn, actress
 * Dan Heillie, TV anchor
 * John Michael Higgins, actor
 * Thomas Jane, actor
 * Joan Jett, singer
 * Spike Jonze, director/screenwriter
 * Logic, rapper
 * Mia Khalifa, media personality
 * Helen Maroulis, Olympic gold medalist
 * Paula Marshall, actress
 * Shervin Pishevar, entrepreneur
 * Curtis Pride, baseball player
 * Giuliana Rancic, media personality
 * Irvin Smith, football player
 * Sylvester Stallone, actor
 * Darren Star, television and film writer
 * Brian Stelter, journalist
 * Daniel Stern, actor
 * Rebecca Sugar, creator of TV show Steven Universe
 * Scott Van Pelt, TV anchor
 * Wale, rapper
 * Sean Whalen, actor
 * Frederick Yeh, biologist


text:
Christos Sirros

Christos Sirros (Χρήστος Σύρρος; born 2 February 1948) is a politician in the Province of Quebec, Canada. He was a member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA) for the Laurier-Dorion riding for two decades as a member of the Liberal Party of Quebec.

A graduate from McGill University, he first won the Laurier riding in 1981, defeating Parti Québécois (PQ) candidate Nadia Assimopoulos. The riding of Laurier-Dorion was created for the 1994 election, in which Sirros defeated PQ candidate Benoît Henry by 6,930 votes. He was most notably the minister of Indian affairs under Robert Bourassa and minister of natural resources under Daniel Johnson, Jr. He was the National Assembly's first vice-president from June 2003 to July 2004.

Sirros left his seat in July 2004. He was then appointed Quebec Delegate General for Belgium and held that position until 2013. In December 2014, he was appointed the Quebec Delegate General for the United Kingdom.

Electoral record

 * Workers Communist
 * Raymonde Lebreux
 * style="text-align:right;" |469
 * style="text-align:right;" |1.63
 * style="text-align:right;" |

 * Independent
 * Basile Papachristou
 * style="text-align:right;" |263
 * style="text-align:right;" |0.91
 * style="text-align:right;" |

 * Freedom of Choice
 * Stephen J Smith
 * style="text-align:right;" |252
 * style="text-align:right;" |0.88
 * style="text-align:right;" |

! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Total valid votes ! style="text-align:right;" |28,830 ! style="text-align:right;" |98.67 ! style="text-align:right;" | ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Rejected and declined votes ! style="text-align:right;" |389 ! style="text-align:right;" |1.33 ! style="text-align:right;" | ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Turnout ! style="text-align:right;" |29,219 ! style="text-align:right;" |80.21 ! style="text-align:right;" | ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Electors on the lists ! style="text-align:right;" |36,428 ! style="text-align:right;" | ! style="text-align:right;" |
 * Independent
 * Sotirios Athanasiou
 * style="text-align:right;" |73
 * style="text-align:right;" |0.25
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * - style="background-color:white"
 * - style="background-color:white"
 * - style="background-color:white"
 * - style="background-color:white"

title: Christos Sirros


text:
Kreditanstalt

Kreditanstalt or Creditanstalt means "credit institution" in German. It may also refer to:

Germany

 * Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau, a German public financial institution
 * Essener Credit-Anstalt, a German bank
 * Allgemeine Deutsche Credit-Anstalt, a defunct German bank
 * Deutsche Rentenbank-Kreditanstalt, a predecessor to Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank

Habsburg Monarchy / Austria

 * Creditanstalt, a defunct major Austrian bank
 * Allgemeine Bodencreditanstalt, another defunct Austrian bank

Switzerland

 * Schweizerische Kreditanstalt, German name of Credit Suisse

title: Kreditanstalt


text:
Talk:List of former UPN affiliates

Untitled
The page is looking great, 65.103.216.79! Keep up the hard work! :) --Firsfron 20:57, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

WUPL's owner
Unless I missed something, Belo doesn't own WUPL in New Orleans. CBS still owns that station and I changed the ownership status of the station.

A deal was reached last year, but that's now in limbo, at last check. Anyone has any new info on the pending sale? - --Bdj95 16:06, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Jackson's new U: WRBJ (UPN 34)
Very soon, WRBJ (UPN 34)--Jackson's new, full-power UPN affiliate, owned by St. Louis-based Roberts Broadcasting Company--will finally begin broadcasting. (But, for now, WRBJ can only be had by Time Warner Cable.)

209.215.61.9 08:34, 8 January 2006 (UTC)JeffS

Error?
On Helpdesk-l, Bobby Berry wrote: "The station you have listed as the UPN affiliate in Columbus Tupelo is not WKDH it is WCBI –TV Channel 35-2( ECBI)". Can you please check to see if he is correct, and if so correct the article accordingly? --maru (talk) contribs 02:22, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

The CW Network
Please remember that many UPN stations owned by FOX have shut down as a result of the switch to "The CW Network," including the West Coast flagship, KCOP. 70.187.145.80 03:43, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Decommissioned?
From what I'm currently seeing, although the Fox owned affiliates have dropped UPN from the branding of their stations, they're still affiliated, and will probably remain so until CW and My Network TV begin. John

News Corp.
Though the News Corporation (Fox) owned UPN affiliates have dropped the UPN name and logo from their station brand, they continue to broadcast UPN during primetime. All of the News Corp. UPN stations will affiliate with My Network TV in September of 2006. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Grejlen (talk • contribs) 14:31, 28 March 2006

Post-CW status
Should we indicate on the table whether each station will affiliate with the CW, My Network TV, or neither in September? Morgan Wick 15:46, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

Market List Error
Number 159 in the market list should be Palm Springs, CALIFORNIA, not Palm Springs, Florida.

4.232.186.240 04:47, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of former UPN affiliates


text:
Talk:ZSU-23-2

How does this article relate to ZU-23-2? Rl 20:58, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:ZSU-23-2


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dara Shakoh

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus to delete - nobody voted. Rhobite 06:46, Mar 7, 2005 (UTC)

Dara Shakoh
Honestly, are these types sub-stubs really beneficial to our visitors or are we better off without them? Is there a clear policy on this? How does this help the reader looking for information pertaining to this individual? GRider\talk 20:58, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Richard Ebeling

Richard M. Ebeling (born January 30, 1950) is an American libertarian author who was the president of the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE) from 2003 to 2008. Ebeling is currently the BB&T Distinguished Professor of Ethics and Free Enterprise Leadership at The Citadel in Charleston, South Carolina.

Ebeling is a supporter of the Austrian School of Economics and written extensively on the subject, particularly as inspired by the works of Friedrich Hayek, Israel Kirzner, Ludwig Lachmann, and Ludwig von Mises. Much of his career has focused on Ludwig von Mises, for whom he posthumously published a trove of writings that had been looted by the Nazis from his Vienna apartment in 1938 and subsequently captured by the Soviet Army at the end of World War II. Following the documents' discovery and translation, Ebeling edited and published the three volume series Selected Writings of Ludwig von Mises.

Ebeling's most recent works include Political Economy, Public Policy, and Monetary Economics: Ludwig von Mises and the Austrian Tradition (Routledge, 2010), Austrian Economics and the Political Economy of Freedom (Edward Elgar, 2003), Monetary Central Planning and the State (The Future of Freedom Foundation, 2015) and For a New Liberalism (American Institute for Economic Research, 2019). He was a co-author and co-editor of In Defense of Capitalism in 5 volumes.

Biography
Ebeling received his B.A. degree in economics from California State University, Sacramento, his M.A. degree in economics from Rutgers University and a Ph.D. in economics from Middlesex University in London.

Ebeling served as a lecturer at University College Cork, Ireland from 1981 to 1983 as an assistant professor at the University of Dallas from 1984 to 1988 and then as the Ludwig von Mises Professor of Economics at Hillsdale College from 1988 to 2003. From 1989 to 2003, he also served as vice president of academic affairs for the Future of Freedom Foundation. Ebeling was named president of Foundation for Economic Education (FEE) in May 2003 and announced in April 2008 that he was resigning his position to return to teaching. From 2004 to 2005, Ebeling served as an adjunct professor at The King's College in New York City. He also serves as an adjunct scholar at the Ludwig von Mises Institute in Auburn, Alabama.

Ebeling was the Shelby C. Davis Visiting Professor in American Economic History and Entrepreneurship at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut (2008–2009) and a senior fellow at the American Institute for Economic Research (AIER) in Great Barrington, Massachusetts (2008–2009). Ebeling was a professor of economics at Northwood University (2009–2014) in Midland, Michigan.

Ebeling received the Franz Cuhel Award for Excellence in Free Market Education presented by the Liberální Institut (Prague, 2007) and the "Liberty in Theory: Lifetime Award" presented by Libertarian Alliance/Libertarian International (London, 2005). He has also twice been a Hayek Fellow at the Institute for Humane Studies (1975, 1977).

title: Richard Ebeling


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William McCoy (rum runner)

William Frederick "Bill" McCoy (August 17, 1877 – December 30, 1948), was an American sea captain and rum-runner during the Prohibition in the United States. In pursuing the trade of smuggling alcohol from the Bahamas to the Eastern Seaboard, Capt. McCoy, found a role model in John Hancock of pre-revolutionary Boston and considered himself an "honest lawbreaker." McCoy took pride in the fact that he never paid a cent to organized crime, politicians, or law enforcement for protection. Unlike many operations that illegally produced and smuggled alcohol for consumption during Prohibition, McCoy sold his merchandise unadulterated, uncut and clean - therein becoming known as "The Real McCoy".

Biography
McCoy was born in Syracuse, New York in 1877 to a Scottish-American family. He had a brother Ben, five years older, and a sister Violet, five years younger. His father, also William McCoy, was a brick mason who had been in the Union Navy during the American Civil War, serving on the blockade of Southern coasts. Bill McCoy attended the Pennsylvania Nautical School on board the then USS Saratoga in Philadelphia, graduating in 1895 first in his class. He later served as mate and quartermaster on various vessels including the P & O steamer Olivette, which was in Havana, Cuba when the USS Maine exploded in 1898.

Around 1900, the McCoy family moved to a small Florida town named Holly Hill, just north of Daytona Beach. Bill and his brother Ben operated a motor boat service and a boat yard in Holly Hill and Jacksonville. By 1918, having constructed vessels for millionaire customers that included Andrew Carnegie and the Vanderbilts among others, McCoy earned a reputation for being a skilled yacht builder.

McCoy during Prohibition
During Prohibition (1920–33), the McCoy brothers fell on hard times. Their excursion and freight business could not compete with the new highways and buses being built up and down the coast and across Florida. Needing money, the two brothers made a decision to go into rum-running. They sold the assets of their business, traveled to Gloucester, Massachusetts, and bought the schooner Henry L. Marshall.

McCoy then began to smuggle whisky, rum and other spirits into the U.S., traveling from Nassau and Bimini in the Bahamas to the east coast of the United States, spending most time dealing on "Rum Row" off New Jersey. After a few successful trips smuggling liquor off the coast of the United States, Bill McCoy had enough money to buy the schooner Arethusa. Placing the schooner under British registry to avoid being US jurisdiction, Bill renamed the vessel Tomoka (after the river that runs through his hometown Holly Hill).

McCoy made a number of successful trips aboard the Tomoka, and – along with the Henry L. Marshall and up to five other vessels – became a household name through his smuggling activities. Capt. McCoy mostly hauled Rye, Irish and Canadian whisky as well as other fine liquors and wines. He is credited with inventing the "burlock" – a package holding six bottles jacketed in straw, three on the bottom, then two, then one, the whole sewn tightly in burlap. It was compact and easy to handle and stow. These were generally known in the Coast Guard as "sacks."

McCoy became a main target of U.S. Assistant Attorney General, Mabel Walker Willebrandt, and organized crime. When the Coast Guard discovered McCoy, he established the system of anchoring large ships off the coast in international waters and selling liquor to smaller ships that transferred it to the shore. McCoy also smuggled liquor and spirits from the French islands of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon located south of Newfoundland.

Capture and arraignment
On November 23, 1923, the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Seneca, had orders to capture Bill McCoy and the Tomoka, even if in international waters. The New York Times article that reported on the capture and arraignment of McCoy described the incident:

"The report to Collector Elting showed that the Tomaka was first boarded by Lieut. Commander Perkins of the Coast Guard cutter Seneca, who ordered the crew keep silent. The bow of the schooner then was turned out to sea, and when the commander of the cutter observed the movement, he sent a shot across the bow of the Tomaka. She returned the fire with a machine gun set up on her forward deck.  The machine gunners ran to cover when the shells of the Seneca began to fall so close to their mark that they kicked the spray over the Tomaka's deck."

McCoy described the chase that led to his capture:

"When the Tomoka was boarded under cover of the Seneca's guns, I immediately set sail and ran away with the boarding party – one lieutenant, one bos'n and thirteen seamen – and only upon their pleas did I heave to and put them back on the Seneca. The damned radio was too severe a handicap for me. I surrendered after the Seneca had fired four-inch shells at me."

When asked what defense he planned to make at the hearing before the trial, McCoy introduced the details of his operations by replying:

"I have no tale of woe to tell you. I was outside the three-mile limit, selling whisky, and good whisky, to anyone and everyone who wanted to buy."

Instead of a long drawn out trial, Bill McCoy pleaded guilty and spent nine months in a New Jersey jail. He returned to Florida and invested his money in real estate. He and his brother continued the boat-building business and frequently traveled up and down the coast.

In popular culture
In the HBO series Boardwalk Empire, Pearce Bunting portrayed Bill McCoy in nine episodes during the 2010-2013 run of the series.

title: William McCoy (rum runner)


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Administrative divisions of the Tuva Republic

The administrative-territorial structure of the Tuva Republic in 2008–2011 was regulated by the Law #627 VKh-2, adopted on March 19, 2008. According to the law, the units of the administrative division mirror the municipal divisions of the republic and include the municipal districts, urban okrugs, urban settlements, and rural settlements.

The law also allows the use of alternative terminology to refer to the units of the administrative divisions. The term "municipal district" is used on par with the ethnic term "kozhuun", while the term "rural settlement" is used on par with the ethnic term "sumon".

"Kozhuun" (Russian and кожуун) is the Tuvan term of a historical feudal administrative division known as a banner. Tuva historically had nine kozhuuns named Tozhu, Salchak, Oyunnar, Khemchik, Khaasuut, Shalyk, Nibazy, Daa-van and Choodu, and Beezi. Each kozhuun was divided into sumu which was then subdivided into arban. In modern Tuva, the term "arban" is still used to refer to a type of rural locality, which has a population of fewer than 500 inhabitants and no independent budget.


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User:Whalter

Please aspirate in pronouncing my name correctly.

title: User:Whalter


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Talk:List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter K)

This page is looking much better. Thanks 65.103.216.79. --Firsfron 21:00, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Does K._._._ still mean to the "West of the Mississippi River?"
Is that still how the "K" stations are allocated? As being west of the Mississippi River? CaribDigita (talk) 20:33, 31 March 2024 (UTC)


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Mary Polak

Mary Ruth Polak (born 1967 or 1968) is a Canadian politician, who served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (MLA) for the riding of Langley from 2005 until her defeat in the 2020 provincial election. She was re-elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in 2017, having represented the constituents of Langley since 2005 and was appointed Minister of Health on June 12, 2017 by Premier Christy Clark. Prior to her new cabinet post, she served as the Minister of the Environment, Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure, Minister of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation, Minister of Children and Family Development and Minister Responsible for Child Care, Minister of Healthy Living and Sport, and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Health for the Conversation on Health. Before being elected to the legislative assembly, Polak served as a trustee and former chair of the Surrey School Board in Surrey, British Columbia. She currently resides in Langley, British Columbia.

Same-sex-parents book controversy
Polak was recruited to run as a member of the Surrey Electors Team by school trustee Heather Stilwell. As a Trustee on the Surrey School Board, she voted down a request, along with the majority of the school board, to add three specific books dealing with same sex families as recommended learning resources for the kindergarten and grade one curriculum. These books were requested by a kindergarten teacher to reflect the realities of today's families and to teach his pupils about diversity and tolerance. The Government of British Columbia also declined to approve the same books.

A legal battle to overturn the decision to ban the three books went all the way to the Supreme Court of Canada, where the school board's decision was returned to the board. The judgment cited the need for families headed by same-sex couples to be respected. Chief Justice Beverly McLachlin dismissed the school board's argument that children would be confused or misled by classroom information about same-sex parents. The Surrey School Board then approved a different set of books depicting same sex families. In doing so, Surrey became the first school district in British Columbia to approve books depicting same sex families as recommended learning resources for primary grades, including kindergarten.

Results publishing
As school board chair, Polak made Surrey the first school district in British Columbia to publish school-by-school results for both elementary and secondary schools. These results were based on controversial standardized tests, opposed by a majority of public school teachers. They were published in Vancouver newspapers as "rankings" by the Fraser Institute. Polak also served as chair of the Council of British Columbia School Districts and on the board of directors of the British Columbia School Trustees Association.

Provincial politics
She tried unsuccessfully to gain a seat in the Legislative Assembly as a candidate for the BC Liberal Party, but lost the 2004 Surrey-Panorama Ridge by-election to Jagrup Brar, the New Democratic Party of British Columbia candidate. This was a substantial defeat for the governing Liberals.

Polak won a seat in the 2005 provincial election in the riding of Langley by over 52%, 18 points ahead of her next closest competitor. As an MLA for Langley she served as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Health for the Conversation on Health and later as the Minister of Healthy Living and Sport.

Polak ran successfully again in the 2009 Provincial election, earning more than 56% at the polls and increased her margin over her nearest opponent to more than 20 points.

In the 2013 British Columbia general election, Mary Polak sought reelection in Langley for a third term. She won her riding easily with nearly 52% of the popular vote nearly doubling the vote total of Andrew Mercier, the NDP candidate. She also defeated John Cummins, the leader of the British Columbia Conservative Party who received less than 12% of the popular vote. A week before Election Day, Polak's campaign manager, Todd Hauptman, resigned, citing homophobia among the Langley electorate as his reason for stepping down. Polak suggested that Hauptman had not fully disclosed his reasons for resigning. She said that Hauptman quit after being alleged to have leaked information about the Liberal Party's strategy to the New Democratic Party (NDP); Polak said that the New Democratic Party candidate was a friend of Hauptman's. Hauptman, a gay man, issued a press release about his resignation. Xtra!, a magazine that publishes lesbian and gay Canadian news, requested an interview with Hauptman to which he originally assented and later declined.

title: Mary Polak


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Lucius Septimius (Roman governor)

Lucius Septimius (the rest of his name is unknown) was a governor of Britannia Prima, a province of Roman Britain during the later fourth century AD.

He is known only from a dedication to Jupiter on a column base he made at Cirencester. The dedication is most likely to date between AD 360 and 380, perhaps during the reign of the emperor Julian who was a pagan himself although no more precise dating can be attributed. It shows that non-Christian beliefs were still held by people of importance despite the growth of Christianity in the empire at the time.

The inscription reads: To Jupiter, Best and Greatest, His Perfection Lucius Septimius. . ., governor of Britannia Prima, restored [this monument], being a citizen of Rheims. This statue and column erected under the ancient religion Septimius restores, ruler of Britannia Prima.

title: Lucius Septimius (Roman governor)


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Urban Records

Urban Records is a German record label subsidiary of Universal Music Group. The label was founded in 1993 by Sascha Basler as a sub-label of Polydor Germany. In 1994, Urban became a sub-label of Motor Music and in 1995 Urban was Germany's most successful dance label.

In 1999, Urban Records became part of Universal Records as a result of a merger between Polygram-Universal and Universal Music GmbH. Universal decided to merge Urban/Universal Records with the rap label Def Jam Germany into the Urban Def Jam label group.

Artists who have recorded for Urban Records includes Dua Lipa, Ezhel, Pashanim, 2Bona, Joje, Ozan Çolakoğlu, Tarkan, Panjabi MC, Antique, Barcode Brothers, Zascha Moktan, 3 Man Island, and Shaft.

title: Urban Records


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Stockholm Records

Stockholm Records is a Swedish subsidiary of Universal Music Group, founded in 1992, and known for signing musicians such as Army of Lovers and E-Type.

Overview
The boutique label was originally launched in 1992 as an independent record company by its Swedish founders Ola Håkansson and Alexander Bard in partnership with the original distributor and investor PolyGram in London.

Håkansson and Bard ran the company for the first six years, achieving global success with multi-platinum-selling artists like Army of Lovers, The Cardigans, A-Teens, E-Type and Lisa Miskovsky. Another noteworthy signing during this period was Johan Renck, who was originally signed under the artist name Stakka Bo but later became far more famous as a music video director, working for artists like Madonna, Beyoncé and Robbie Williams. Johan Lagerlöf also produced and engineered for the label.

Håkansson and Bard sold their shares in Stockholm Records to Universal Music Group in 1998, after which the company was folded into Universal Music as a boutique label.

Stockholm Records has often been referred to as a model for other music production companies in continental Europe, with the successful and market-dominating Danish enterprise Copenhagen Records and Swedish production powerhouses Cheiron and Murlyn Music Group as obvious examples.

title: Stockholm Records


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User:Ggonnell

I have some practical and theoretical experience with molecular biology and bioinformatics. I am Italian (Pavia) and I currently live in Hamburg, Germany. I contribute (sporadically - lacking the necessary time) to en.wiki, it.wiki and even less to the other Wikimedia projects (although I think they are simply great).

Giorgio Gonnella

it:User:Ggonnell de:User:Ggonnell

title: User:Ggonnell


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Darren Wershler-Henry

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 01:20, Mar 6, 2005 (UTC)

Darren Wershler-Henry
Vanity? Canada-cruft? With 313 unique hits on google (see page 32), does this poet pass the Pokémon Comparative Notability Test? GRider\talk 21:07, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, just under the bar of notability. Megan1967 23:03, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, article makes him sound notable enough. Kappa 02:26, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. --Spinboy 05:40, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Gamaliel 06:49, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Granted he's not one of the superstars of Canadian literature, but he most certainly is a significant figure. It took me all of nine seconds to confirm that he's a frequent contributor to This Magazine, which is among that rare class of magazines in which getting published is in and of itself sufficient grounds to deem someone notable (cf. Harper's, Atlantic Monthly, The New Yorker.) Being managing editor of Coach House Press, a company whose small size belies its huge influence in CanLit, also qualifies, as does having edited the single most important and famous book of Canadian poetry published in at least the past decade. Oh, and just for the record, I get 51 pages of distinct Google hits, not 32. Bearcat 07:52, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * He fails the Pokemon test, but then again that's a rather strange criterium in the first place. Nevertheless, Keep but expand article with Bearcat's remarks. Radiant! 09:19, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable in Canadian literature. Capitalistroadster 11:03, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable.--Centauri 12:20, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - David Gerard 14:51, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, eh? Notable. - Lucky 6.9 01:19, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I agree with Bearcat.  -- James Teterenko (talk) 05:30, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Cornelia Otis Skinner

Cornelia Otis Skinner (May 30, 1899 – July 9, 1979) was an American writer and actress.

Biography
Skinner was the only child of actor Otis Skinner and actress Maud Durbin. After attending the all-girls' Baldwin School and Bryn Mawr College (1918–1919), and studying theatre at the Sorbonne in Paris, Skinner made her professional stage debut on September 20, 1921 as Dona Sarasate in Tom Cushing's Blood and Sand at Broadway's Empire Theatre. She appeared in several plays before embarking on a tour of the United States from 1926 to 1929 in a one-woman performance of short character sketches which she had written. She also wrote numerous short, humorous pieces for publications such as The New Yorker. These pieces were eventually compiled into a series of books, including Nuts in May, Dithers and Jitters, Excuse It Please!, and The Ape in Me, among others.

In a "comprehensive study" of Skinner's work, G. Bruce Loganbill (1961) refers to Skinner's scripts as "monologue-dramas," which were extensions of the "linked monologues" developed by Ruth Draper. Skinner's work differed in structure and content, however, as she created and performed full-length monologue-dramas that were based on the lives of historical figures. Such work was described as a "unique" and important contribution to the one-person show in America.

She starred in successful production of George Bernard Shaw's "Candida" in 1939, that toured venues in cities such as Cleveland before opening on Broadway.

She appeared with Orson Welles on The Campbell Playhouse radio play of "American Cavalcade: The Things We Have" on May 26, 1939.

With Emily Kimbrough, Skinner wrote Our Hearts Were Young and Gay, a light-hearted description of their European tour after college. Kimbrough and Skinner went to Hollywood to act as consultants on the film adaptation of the book, produced as a film of the same name, with Gail Russell playing Skinner. The book was also adapted as a 1950 television series The Girls, in which Skinner was portrayed by Bethel Leslie (replaced by Gloria Stroock).

In 1952, Skinner's one-woman show Paris '90 (music and lyrics by Kay Swift) premiered on Broadway. An original cast recording was produced by Goddard Lieberson for Columbia Records, and is now available on compact disc. In later years Skinner wrote Madame Sarah (a biography of Sarah Bernhardt), and Elegant Wits and Grand Horizontals about the Belle Epoque.

In a 1944 conversation with Victor Borge, Skinner reportedly told the Danish comedian that she decided to drop the term "diseuse" from her act after reading in a Scottish newspaper: "Cornelia Otis Skinner, the American disease, gave a program last night."

Marriage
Cornelia Otis Skinner married Alden Sanford Blodget on October 5, 1928 in Warm Springs, Virginia. On August 28, 1930, she gave birth to her only child, a son, Otis Skinner Blodget, who died on March 11, 2007, aged 76.

As an actress

 * The Uninvited (1943) - Miss Holloway
 * General Electric Guest House (1951, episode dated July 1, 1951)
 * Paris '90 (1952)
 * The Girl in the Red Velvet Swing (1955) - Mrs. Thaw
 * Max Liebman Presents: Dearest Enemy (1955, TV Episode) - Mrs. Murray
 * The Alcoa Hour (1956, Episode: "Merry Christmas, Mr. Baxter") - Susan Baxter
 * The Swimmer (1968) - Mrs. Hammar

As herself

 * Stage Door Canteen (1943)
 * Toast of the Town (later The Ed Sullivan Show) TV episodes #4.7 (1950), #4.14 (1950), #5.32 (1952), and #7.8 (1953)
 * Faye Emerson's Wonderful Town (1951), TV episode dated June 23, 1951
 * What's It For? (1957) TV episode dated October 12, 1957
 * What's My Line? (1959) TV episode dated March 29, 1959
 * This Is Your Life (1959) Charlie Ruggles (TV episode)

Non-fiction

 * Memoirs
 * Our Hearts Were Young and Gay (with Emily Kimbrough, 1942; Dodd, Mead and Company Inc.)
 * Family Circle (1948) – an autobiographical work (entitled Happy Family in the UK)
 * Humorous autobiographical piece.
 * Biographies
 * Madame Sarah (1967) – a biography of Sarah Bernhardt.
 * Life with Lindsay and Crouse (1976) – a biography of Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse.
 * Essay compilations
 * Tiny Garments (1932)
 * Excuse It, Please! (1936)
 * Dithers and Jitters (1937)
 * Soap Behind the Ears (1941)
 * Popcorn (1943)
 * That's Me All Over (1948) – a collection of the best essays from the prior 4 compilations.
 * Nuts in May (1950)
 * Bottoms Up! (1955) Dodd, Mead, and Company, New York
 * The Ape in Me (1959)

Playwriting, screenwriting, scriptwriting

 * Edna, His Wife (1937), play based on the 1935 novel of the same name by Margaret Ayer Barnes
 * The Girls (1950) TV series
 * The Pleasure of His Company (1958) play (adapted as a film in 1961)

Monologues

 * The Wives of Henry VIII (1931)
 * The Empress Eugenie (1932)
 * The Loves of Charles II (1933)
 * The Mansion on the Hudson (1935)

Critical studies and reviews of Skinner's work

 * Cast of One: One Person Shows from the Chautauqua Platform to the Broadway Stage (1989)- Section on Skinner

title: Cornelia Otis Skinner


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File:National Educational Television logo (1969-1970).jpg

Summary
The logo for National Educational Television, as incorporated into the town model during the first season of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1969-70). When NET folded in 1970 and PBS picked up this series, this building was removed from the model, though its replacement retained the distinctive lopsided "roof" of the NET logo.

This low-resolution screenshot illustrates this variant of this ident.


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Chester, South Dakota

Chester is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lake County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 257 as of the 2020 census. Chester has been assigned the ZIP code of 57016.

History
Chester was laid out in 1905, and named after Chester Township.

Geography
Chester is in the southeast corner of Lake County, 1 mi south of Brant Lake and 15 mi southeast of Madison, the county seat. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Chester CDP has an area of 2.1 sqkm, all land. Skunk Creek, the outlet of Brant Lake, forms the western edge of the community and flows south to the Big Sioux River at Sioux Falls.

title: Chester, South Dakota


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Carausius II

Carausius II is the name given by historians to a possible imperial usurper in Roman Britain between the years 354 and 358. The suggestion of Carausius' existence comes exclusively from the study of approximately twenty extant coins, all of which were found in the United Kingdom. No other evidence of Carausius II is known, although Roman Britain at the time was an unstable and dangerous place and pretenders to the throne were likely.

The first coin, found near modern-day Richborough, was published by Arthur J. Evans in 1887. Evans suggested that this coin, bearing the garbled legend DOMINO CARAVƧIO CEƧ, represented that of a junior emperor reigning sometime in the 5th century AD. Specifically, Evans suggested that Carausius II controlled Britannia under Constantine III while he was away suppressing the revolt of Gerontius and Maximus in 409 AD.

C. H. V. Sutherland was among the first to challenge Evan's suggestions, in 1945. All of the coins (five more coins had been discovered since Evan's publication) bore recreations of designs seen on Constantinian coinages, and none resembled official coinage of Constantine III. Furthermore, Sutherland noted that the imperial title of Caesar fell out of common usage following the reign of Julian, far before the suggested dating of 409 AD. Sutherland suggested that the usurpation of Carausius II may have occurred during or after the usurpation of Magnentius, when the incumbent Constantius II had lesser control over Britain.

C. E. Stevens expanded upon Sutherland's work in 1956, suggesting that Carausius' usurpation may have been similar to (or inspired by) that of Vetranio. He cited a single coin whose legend proved that Vetranio had declared himself Caesar in order to ally with Constantius II. John Kent refuted this claim in a paper published the following year, stating that the unique coin that Stevens had cited was not genuine.

It is still highly contested to what capacity, if at all, Carausius II existed. Coins bearing his inscription, or those stylistically related, can be dated with some certainty to between 354 and 358 A.D. Beyond this, no contemporary evidence for or against Carausius' existence has surfaced.

title: Carausius II


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Totterdown

Totterdown is an inner-suburb of Bristol, England, situated just south of the River Avon and to the south-east of Temple Meads railway station and the city centre.

It rises relatively steeply from the river bank to a largely terraced Victorian housing area which is notable for its painted homes - often in bright colours - that can be seen from some distance.

There is a tight network of extremely steep roads in Upper Totterdown, of which Vale Street, although very short, is alleged to be the steepest residential road in England.

History
Built in the mid to late 19th century to house workers for the nearby railway industry, in the 1970s many of the Victorian buildings were demolished in anticipation of constructing a major junction of the Outer Circuit Road, although ultimately this section of the road was never built.

Totterdown has more-recently become a popular area for the younger generation taking up work in the city centre. In 2016 it was named "fifth hippest place to live in the UK" by The Times newspaper.

Food and drink
Totterdown has several local pubs some of which attract a younger clientele with DJ nights. Pubs offering music include The Oxford, Shakespeare, New Found Out and the Thunderbolt (previously known as "The Turnpike"). The Oxford has regular live music including "open mike" events and the Thunderbolt books local and national bands. There was another pub (formerly) the Cumberland which is known now as the Star and Dove. It closed in May 2017 for a short period however, reopened in December 2017.

Totterdown has a growing number of popular restaurants. Mrs Brown's Cafe opened in Victoria Park in 2007, serving Fairtrade coffee and cakes from a caravan.

Local facilities
The area also has a Tesco Express, a garage (repairs and MOTs), a convenience store called Patco Supermarket which offers everything from groceries to key cutting, a chemist, an optician, a wine shop, a fruit and veg shop, various hairdressers and beauty treatment rooms as well as a doctors surgery, and is well served by buses into town and across to Clifton. There is also the Bristol Jamia Mosque close to Victoria Park as well as thriving Methodist, CofE and Baptist churches. In 2015, an artisanal bakery opened for business opposite the Oxford Pub on Oxford Street, replacing a long since closed Chinese restaurant. A number of new independent businesses have also opened along the Wells Road in recent times, including several cafes and a bar, a craft store, a vintage shop and a florist.

Children
Totterdown is popular with young families. There are daily toddler groups at Totterdown Baptist Church. Victoria Park has a good newish play area at the top of the park, as well as tennis courts, basketball courts, football pitches, skatepark, and more. School Road Park has undergone a transformation and contains challenging play equipment for younger children including swings, slides, mini trampolines, and a sandpit. Perrett's Park is a natural amphitheatre with benches around the top along Bayham Road and Sylvia Avenue: a place where the balloon ascent can be seen during the summer Balloon Fiesta. It also has a play area suitable for the under 10s.

Art
The Totterdown Art trail Frontroom invites visitors into the houses of artists in this area of Bristol to view a large range of local artwork.

Aldebury
Totterdown is believed to be the site of the Aldebury Iron Age hill fort behind Bellevue; however, the area is now built over.

title: Totterdown


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Interstate 695 (District of Columbia)

Interstate 695 (I-695), also known as the Southeast Freeway, is a 2 mi auxiliary Interstate Highway in Washington, D.C.. It travels from an interchange with I-395 south of the US Capitol building east then south across the 11th Street Bridges to an intersection with I-295 and District of Columbia Route 295 (DC 295) in Anacostia.

Access also exists from eastbound I-695 to Pennsylvania Avenue at Barney Circle, just northwest of the John Philip Sousa Bridge. Stub ramps at Pennsylvania Avenue, once meant to continue the freeway (as part of I-295) to I-95 and US Route 50 (US 50) northeast of Washington Union Station, now provide access to Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium.

Though the I-695 designation has existed since near the birth of the Interstate Highway System, the route was only signed in late 2011 along with the 11th Street Bridges reconstruction project. The route is planned to be decommissioned in favor of an extension of I-395, but the resigning work is yet to commence.

Route description
I-695 begins at an interchange with I-395, following through the densely populated areas of Washington DC. The road comes to an interchange with South Capitol Street, providing access to the Nationals Park baseball stadium. It then continues east, passing over 6th Street Southeast. The Interstate comes to another interchange, providing access to I-395 north (westbound only) and 11th Street and Southeast Boulevard (eastbound). It then proceeds to cross the 11th Street Bridges over the Anacostia River before reaching its terminus at I-295 and DC 295.

History
Plans from 1955 (numbered in 1958) took I-95 through Washington on what is now I-395, turning east at US 50 and leaving along the Baltimore–Washington Parkway. I-295 was to travel along its current route to south of the 11th Street Bridges, but then would have continued northeast along DC 295, ending at I-95 just outside DC. I-695 was to travel from I-295 over the 11th Street Bridges, turning west on what is now I-695 to end at I-95 (now I-395).

Soon—possibly by 1958, when numbers were assigned—I-95 between Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington DC was shifted to a new alignment, splitting from the US 50 corridor northeast of Washington Union Station. I-295 was shifted to cross the 11th Street Bridges and then turn east in the median of present I-695 (where the ramps to Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium now lie), continuing north and northwest to end at I-95 and US 50 at their split. I-695 would be the short section of freeway between I-95 and I-295, and ramps on both sides of the Whitney Young Memorial Bridge would provide a freeway-to-freeway connection between I-695 and DC 295 (via I-295).

By 1971, an extension was added to the planned I-695. It would travel concurrent with I-95 west to Maine Avenue, where it would split (the existing interchange provides for freeway-to-freeway ramps) and run northwest along Independence Avenue past the Lincoln Memorial to end at I-66, at the east end of the Theodore Roosevelt Bridge (that interchange also has the appropriate ramps).

The Southeast Freeway, including the section planned as I-295 to Pennsylvania Avenue, was built in the late 1960s. Plans for the remaining Interstates in Washington DC were canceled in 1977 after much opposition, and I-295 was later truncated to I-695, with the former I-295 stub to Pennsylvania Avenue renumbered as part of I-695.

In the 1990s, the Barney Circle Freeway was planned to travel from the east end of I-695 across the Anacostia River to DC 295. This would have filled a hole in Washington DC's freeway system, which had no connection between I-395 and DC 295. (This would have been provided by I-295 and the Whitney Young Memorial Bridge.) After the Barney Circle Freeway plan was canceled in 1996, a left-turn movement was added at the interchange between Pennsylvania Avenue and DC 295, allowing traffic coming from I-695 to cross the Anacostia on Pennsylvania Avenue and join DC 295 directly, albeit passing through two traffic signals. No ramp was provided from DC 295 south to Pennsylvania Avenue west, however, and so traffic from DC 295 south to I-395 south needed to cross the Anacostia on South Capitol Street.

That decommissioning was foretold in April 2003, when the DC Office of Planning stated that "the elevated Southeast Freeway and industrial landscape create formidable psychological barriers" between the surrounding neighborhoods. In October 2008, the freeway was named one of ten US "Freeways Without Futures" by Congress for the New Urbanism.

In December 2009, construction began on replacement of the 11th Street Bridges and their interchange with I-295/DC 295, including ramps that now allow for highway-only travel between DC 295, I-295, and I-395 in all directions. The renderings for that project also show a deletion of the connections between the bridge and I-695 east, indicating that the stretch of the Southeast Freeway between 11th Street Southeast and Pennsylvania Avenue would soon be decommissioned and replaced by an at-grade boulevard with traffic signals. In 2011, as a part of the project, I-695 was signed along the Southeast Freeway.

Prior to the 11th Street Bridge Project, the unsigned I-695 did not cross the bridges and terminated north of the Anacostia River. New signage installed by the District Department of Transportation (DDOT) in 2011–2012 marks the first time I-695 has appeared on directional signs in the District of Columbia; some signs referring to I-695, however, still read "To I-295" along I-395, and some remaining "To I-395" signage can still be found along I-695 westbound. The new signs designate I-695 as extending from the point where I-395 branches off from the Southeast Freeway, with I-695 continuing along the Southeast Freeway and over the new 11th Street Bridge to the interchange with I-295. Some commentators contend the new signage is confusing and that the Southeast Freeway is often confused with Baltimore's Beltway, a highway with the same route designation.

In January 2021, as part of an effort to eliminate driver confusion in the area of the Southeast Freeway, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved a request by the District of Columbia to eliminate I-695 and renumber it as an extension of I-395. I-395's previous route along the Center Leg Freeway will be renumbered as a new I-195. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) approved the request of resigning I-695 as I-395 on April 23, 2021, but no progress was made, although some maps have already made this change.

Exit list
Exits were unnumbered until July 2014. The entire route is in Washington, D.C.

title: Interstate 695 (District of Columbia)


text:
WPCG-LP

WPCG-LP (102.9 FM) is an LPFM Christian radio station licensed to Canton, Georgia, an exurb of metro Atlanta. The station is owned by Cherokee FM Radio.

The station's original application was for Woodstock, Georgia, later receiving a construction permit in 2004 for a new facility on 107.9. It city of license was changed to Canton, Georgia, also in Cherokee County. In 2008 WPCG applied to change its frequency to 103.7. The FCC granted permission via special temporary authority, and WPCG began operation at a new tower site on 103.7 on December 30, 2008. On May 14, 2013, the WPCG received permission from the FCC to operate permanently on 103.7. The site is next to Waleska Road on Reinhardt College Parkway, about $2 1/2$ miles or 4 km north of downtown Canton, and has a much greater height, but at a much lower power than its previous site but much closer to Canton, its city of license.

WPCG-LP change frequencies again on August 5, 2014, to 102.7 FM and moved to 2288 Marietta Highway, Suite 170, Canton, GA 3014. On January 5, 2016, WPCG moved to Holly Springs, GA, next to I-575, increasing its predicted coverage from under 50,000 people to about 250,000 in Cherokee and North Cobb counties based on engineering studies.

In June 2009, the transfer of control of the station from original licensee Cherokee Presbyterian Church to Cherokee FM Radio.

WBHF AM 1450 in nearby Cartersville, Georgia previously had broadcast callsign WPCG.

title: WPCG-LP


text:
Interstate 695 (New York)

Interstate 695 (I-695), also known as part of the Throgs Neck Expressway, is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in the New York City borough of the Bronx. It serves as a connector between I-95 (Bruckner Expressway) and I-295 (Cross Bronx Expressway/Throgs Neck Expressway) near the Throgs Neck Bridge, which connects the Bronx with Queens and Long Island.

Route description
I-695 begins at exit 10 on I-295 in the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx. Southeast of the intersection, the Throgs Neck Expresway follows I-295 to the Throgs Neck Bridge, while to the northwest, I-295 becomes the Cross Bronx Expressway. From I-295, I-695 carries the Throgs Neck Expressway to the northwest, passing through the western fringe of Weir Creek Park before descending into a cut and proceeding into Throggs Neck. Here, it connects to Randall Avenue (southbound) and Lafayette Avenue (northbound) as it makes its way northward. I-695 continues to the northern edge of the neighborhood, where it merges into the Bruckner Expressway (I-95) at its exit 7A.

History
The Throgs Neck Expressway was completed in 1961 at a cost of $16 million (equivalent to $ in ), connecting the Throgs Neck Bridge to the Bruckner Expressway. For years, the highway was considered (and signed as) a spur of I-78, which initially followed all of modern I-295 from the Bruckner Interchange to Hillside Avenue (now New York State Route 25). When this section of I-78 was renumbered to I-295 on January 1, 1970, the Throgs Neck Expressway became a spur of that route. In 1986, the New York State Department of Transportation resigned the Throgs Neck Expressway as I-695 to avoid driver confusion with the Cross Bronx Expressway Extension, also signed as I-295. The Federal Highway Administration formally recognized I-695 on April 7, 2008, and the number was approved by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials on May 6, 2008.

Exit list
The entire route is in the Throggs Neck neighborhood of the New York City borough of The Bronx.

title: Interstate 695 (New York)


text:
The Nomura Trust & Banking Co.

The Nomura Trust & Banking Co., Ltd. (野村信託銀行株式会社, Nomura Shintaku Ginkō Kabushiki Gaisha), founded in 1993, is a Japanese bank that provides both trust and banking services. It has over ¥50,000 million in capitalization.

It is part of the Nomura Group and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nomura Holdings, Inc.

title: The Nomura Trust & Banking Co.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dario Martinelli

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 03:52, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Dario Martinelli
If you discount this individual's full name, the article then stands at 3 words in length: "Dario Martinelli is a zoomusicologist." End of substub.  Is there a minimum length for articles on Wikipedia, or should this be kept? GRider\talk 21:13, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I do not believe there is a minimum length for articles. It would be silly, just write more. Hyacinth 21:37, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the link. Hyacinth 00:06, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, just under the bar of notability - 270 Google hits. Megan1967 23:00, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless article is rewritten and can establish some sort of notability. Writing substubs like this is basically forcing someone else to write an article that the original contributor can't be bothered to write. That's what requested articles is for. This is just useless, and likely not encyclopedic anyway. -R. fiend 00:17, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Rewrite, prompted by this vote, delayed by downtime. Hyacinth 03:45, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * That's good, but Dario seems to fail the professor test. Delete unless he's done significantly more than already mentioned on the article. Radiant! 13:05, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * What is the professor test? Hyacinth 23:24, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - a published professor is more notable than Pokemon - David Gerard 14:53, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Sayng "published professor" is somewhat redundant. Basically all professors are forced to publish if they want to keep their jobs. Are you saying all professors belong in wikipedia? Or that Pokemon don't (I agree with you there)? -R. fiend 20:52, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, I assume he's notable within the crowded field of zoomusicology. More notable than the average pokéologist. Kappa 21:32, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Professors who have published a significant number of scientific articles and several books are definitely notable. But Martinelli really is a borderline case, in my eyes. He seems to have a post-doc position and his publications are limited to his PhD thesis (published in an Acta series and not by a major publisher), a co-edited book, and just a handful of scientific articles. Three (!) mentions of his name in the Zoomusicology article might be enough until he has had some more work published. I'll abstain for now. Alarm 00:26, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No evidence yet presented that he passes the "average professor" test (see criteria for inclusion of biographies). Delete unless further evidence can be presented.  Rossami (talk) 23:29, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Elm Springs, South Dakota

Elm Springs is an unincorporated community in Meade County, South Dakota, United States. The locality was settled in 1893. Although not tracked by the Census Bureau, Elm Springs had been assigned the ZIP code of 57736. It now uses the zipcode from Wasta, which is 57791.

The community took its name from a nearby spring where elm trees grew.

title: Elm Springs, South Dakota


text:
Enning, South Dakota

Enning is an unincorporated community in Meade County, South Dakota, United States. The community sits at an elevation of 3035 ft and was named in honor of Anna Enning's land grant for a school. Although not tracked by the Census Bureau, Enning has been assigned the ZIP code of 57737.

The first settlement at Enning was made in 1910.

title: Enning, South Dakota


text:
Talk:FAAQ

Is it that different from FAQ? Should it be merged to FAQ? --Menchi 21:15, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:FAAQ


text:
User talk:Whalter

Whalter [is a vandal.]

title: User talk:Whalter


text: User talk:64.222.49.244

title: User talk:64.222.49.244


text:
Talk:Stephanie Bellegarrigue

This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Stephanie Bellegarrigue. dbenbenn | talk 21:17, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stephanie Bellegarrigue


text:
Agios Vasileios, Achaea

Agios Vasileios (Άγιος Βασίλειος) is a coastal village in the municipal unit of Rio, in the municipality of Patras. It is located on the Gulf of Corinth, 3 km northeast of Rio, Greece. The Greek National Road 8A (Patras - Corinth) passes south of the village.

title: Agios Vasileios, Achaea


text:
Pilgrim Travelers

The Pilgrim Travelers were an American gospel group, popular in the late 1940s and early 1950s.

Musical career
Formed in 1936 in Houston, Texas, United States, they were influenced by another Texas-based quartet, the Soul Stirrers. They achieved popularity after moving to Los Angeles in 1942, where their new manager, J. W. Alexander, helped fashion a new style that went beyond imitating the Soul Stirrers and the Golden Gate Quartet, the other reigning quartet of the era. Like the Soul Stirrers, the Travelers traded the lead between their two best singers, Kylo Turner, a baritone with the same facility as a note-bending falsetto as R.H. Harris of the Soul Stirrers, and Keith Barber, also nicknamed "Doc" or "Crip", who changed from being a sweet-voiced tenor to a hard gospel shouter under Alexander's direction. They added Jesse Whitaker — whom Ray Charles credited as one of his models when he adapted hard gospel style to secular themes to create soul music in the 1950s — as a baritone in 1947.

Alexander also changed the Travelers' performance style from the "flat-footed" style of early quartets to the church-wrecking style of other groups of their era. The singers would punctuate their singing by jumping off stage and running up the aisles in order, in Alexander's words, "to pull the sisters out of their seats". They cemented their popularity with a series of "mother songs", which replayed the same themes of gratitude and guilt for all that mother had done to steer them toward salvation.

After a handful of a cappella songs, the Travelers began recording their material with a microphone picking up the sound of their percussive foot-tapping; Specialty's early press for the group proclaimed "Something New — Walking Rhythm Spirituals," and the unique sound quickly caught on with consumers. In 1948, the group issued six singles; after just three the following year. In 1950, Specialty released ten Pilgrim Travelers sides, all of them to strong sales (particularly "Jesus Met the Woman at the Well" and "Mother Bowed"). However, at the peak of their success, Barber was involved in a 1950 auto accident which left his voice ravaged; at the same time, the emergence of the Soul Stirrers' Sam Cooke made Turner's vocal style appear increasingly outdated.

The Travelers gradually fell apart in the 1950s, however, as accidents and drinking caused both Barber and Turner to leave the group. While the group continued to tour and record, adding Lou Rawls in late 1950s, it lost its hit making power after leaving Specialty Records in 1956. Rawls left the group in 1960; although he returned to record another album with the group after that, it soon faded from the scene. Shortly after Lou Rawls separated from the Travelers, Ben Peters stepped in and continued to be an active member of what was left of the group.

title: Pilgrim Travelers


text: User:Lollo~enwiki

title: User:Lollo~enwiki


text:
Interstate 795

Interstate 795 is the designation for several Interstate Highways in the United States, all related to Interstate 95:
 * Interstate 795 (Florida), a planned connector southeast of Jacksonville
 * Interstate 795 (Maryland), a spur to Reisterstown
 * Interstate 795 (North Carolina), a spur to Goldsboro

title: Interstate 795


text:
Menachem HaMeiri

Menachem ben Solomon HaMeiri (מנחם בן שלמה המאירי; Don Vidal Solomon, 1249 –1315 ), commonly referred to as HaMeiri, the Meiri, or just Meiri, was a famous medieval Provençal rabbi, and Talmudist. Though most of his expansive commentary, spanning 35 tractates of the Talmud, was not publicly available until the turn of the 19th century, it has since gained widespread renown and acceptance among Talmudic scholars.

Biography
Menachem HaMeiri was born in 1249 in Perpignan, which then formed part of the Principality of Catalonia. He was the student of Rabbi Reuven, the son of Chaim of Narbonne, France. In his writings, he refers to himself as HaMeiri ("the Meiri", or the Meirite; Hebrew: המאירי), presumably after one of his ancestors named Meir (Hebrew: מאיר), and that is how he is now known. Some have suggested that the reference is to Meir Detrancatleich, a student of the Raavad, who is mentioned in the Meiri's writings as one of his elders.

In his youth he was orphaned of his father, and his children were taken captive while he was still young, but no further details of these personal tragedies are known.

From the notorial certificates kept from Perpignan, it appears the Meiri made a living as a money lender, and his income was quite high.

The Meiri's principal teacher was Rabbi Reuven ben Chaim, and he kept a close correspondence and relationship with the Rashba, who was arguably the greatest Jewish rabbi of those times. Although the Meiri is known as one of the greatest scholars of his era, and despite his vast Torah knowledge and expertise, as testified to by many rabbis of his time and by his great expansive work Beit HaBechirah, there is no evidence he ever held a rabbinic position, or even a teaching position in a Yeshiva (Jewish school for religious studies). This may have been in accordance with the teaching of the Rambam, who spoke harshly against turning the rabbinate solely into a means of livelihood.

Beit HaBechirah
His commentary, the Beit HaBechirah (literally "The Chosen House," a play on an alternate name for the Temple in Jerusalem, implying that the Meiri's work selects specific content from the Talmud, omitting the discursive elements), is one of the most monumental works written on the Talmud. This work is less a commentary and more of a digest of all of the comments in the Talmud, arranged in a manner similar to the Talmud—presenting first the mishnah and then laying out the discussions that are raised concerning it. Haym Soloveitchik describes it as follows:
 * Meiri is the only medieval Talmudist (rishon) whose works can be read almost independently of the Talmudic text, upon which it ostensibly comments. The Beit ha-Behirah is not a running commentary on the Talmud. Meiri, in quasi-Maimonidean fashion, intentionally omits the give and take of the sugya, he focuses, rather, on the final upshot of the discussion and presents the differing views of that upshot and conclusion. Also, he alone, and again intentionally, provides the reader with background information. His writings are the closest thing to a secondary source in the library of rishonim.

Unlike most rishonim, he frequently quotes the Jerusalem Talmud, including textual variants which are no longer extant in other sources.

Beit HaBechirah cites many of the major Rishonim, referring to them not by name but rather by distinguished titles. Specifically:
 * Gedolei HaRabbanim ("The Greatest of the Rabbis") – Rashi
 * Gedolei HaMefarshim ("The Greatest of the Commentators") – Raavad (or Gedolei HaMagihim, "The Greatest of the Annotaters", when quoted as disputing Rambam or Rif)
 * Gedolei HaPoskim ("The Greatest of the Poskim") – Isaac Alfasi
 * Gedolei HaMechabrim ("The Greatest of the Authors") – Rambam
 * Geonei Sefarad ("The Brilliant of Spain") – Ri Migash (or, sometimes Rabbeinu Chananel)
 * Chachmei HaTzarfatim ("The Wise of France") – Rashbam (or, sometimes Rashi)
 * Achronei HaRabbonim ("The Later of the Rabbis") – Rabbeinu Tam
 * Gedolei HaDor ("The Greatest of the Generation") – Rashba

Historical influence
A complete copy of Beit HaBechira was preserved in the Biblioteca Palatina in Parma, rediscovered in 1920, and subsequently published. Snippets of Beit HaBechirah on one Tractate, Bava Kamma, were published long before the publication of the Parma manuscripts, included in the early collective work Shitah Mikubetzet. The common assumption has been that the large majority of the Meiri's works were not available to generations of halachists before 1920; as reflected in early 20th century authors such as the Chafetz Chaim, the Chazon Ish, and Joseph B. Soloveitchik whom write under the assumption that Beit HaBechira was newly discovered in their time, and further evidenced by the lack of mention of the Meiri and his opinions in the vast literature of halacha writings before the early 20th century.

Beit HaBechira has had much less influence on subsequent halachic development than would have been expected given its stature. Several reasons have been given for this. Some modern poskim refuse to take its arguments into consideration, on the grounds that a work so long unknown has ceased to be part of the process of halachic development. One source held that the work was ignored due to its unusual length. Professor Haym Soloveitchik, though, suggested that the work was ignored due to its having the character of a secondary source – a genre which, he argues, was not appreciated among Torah learners until the late 20th century.

Other works
Menachem HaMeiri is also noted for having penned a famous work used to this very day by Jewish scribes, namely, Kiryat Sefer, a two-volume compendium outlining the rules governing the orthography that are to be adhered to when writing Torah scrolls.

He also wrote several minor works, including a commentary to Avot whose introduction includes a recording of the chain of tradition from Moses through the Tanaim.

The Meiri also wrote a few commentaries (Chidushim) on several tractates of the Talmud which differ to some extent from some of his positions in Beit HaBechira. Most of these commentaries were lost, except for the commentary on Tractate Beitza. In addition, a commentary on Tractate Eruvin was attributed to him, but this attribution was probably a mistake.

Halakhic positions
The Meiri's commentary is noted for its position on the status of gentiles in Jewish law, asserting that discriminatory laws and statements found in the Talmud applied only to the idolatrous nations of old.

According to J. David Bleich, "the Christianity presented so favorably by Me’iri was not an orthodox Trinitarianism but a Christianity that espoused a theology formally branded heretical by the Church". However, Yaakov Elman argued that Bleich had no sources for this assertion.

title: Menachem HaMeiri


text:
Reactive intermediate

In chemistry, a reactive intermediate or an intermediate is a short-lived, high-energy, highly reactive molecule. When generated in a chemical reaction, it will quickly convert into a more stable molecule. Only in exceptional cases can these compounds be isolated and stored, e.g. low temperatures, matrix isolation. When their existence is indicated, reactive intermediates can help explain how a chemical reaction takes place.

Most chemical reactions take more than one elementary step to complete, and a reactive intermediate is a high-energy, hence unstable, product that exists only in one of the intermediate steps. The series of steps together make a reaction mechanism. A reactive intermediate differs from a reactant or product or a simple reaction intermediate only in that it cannot usually be isolated but is sometimes observable only through fast spectroscopic methods. It is stable in the sense that an elementary reaction forms the reactive intermediate and the elementary reaction in the next step is needed to destroy it.

When a reactive intermediate is not observable, its existence must be inferred through experimentation. This usually involves changing reaction conditions such as temperature or concentration and applying the techniques of chemical kinetics, chemical thermodynamics, or spectroscopy. Reactive intermediates based on carbon are radicals, carbenes, carbocations, carbanions, arynes, and carbynes.

Common features
Reactive intermediates have several features in common:
 * low concentration with respect to reaction substrate and final reaction product
 * with the exception of carbanions, these intermediates do not obey the lewis octet rule, hence the high reactivity
 * often generated on chemical decomposition of a chemical compound
 * it is often possible to prove the existence of this species by spectroscopic means
 * cage effects have to be taken into account
 * often stabilisation by conjugation or resonance
 * often difficult to distinguish from a transition state
 * prove existence by means of chemical trapping

Other reactive intermediates

 * Carbenoid
 * Ion-neutral complex
 * Keto anions
 * Nitrenes
 * Oxocarbenium ions
 * Phosphinidenes
 * Phosphoryl nitride
 * Tetrahedral intermediates in carbonyl addition reactions

title: Reactive intermediate


text:
Talk:Craniopagus parasiticus

Untitled
Is this the same condition that nurse Gollum has in the South Park episode titled "Conjoined Fetus Lady"?--Sonjaaa 21:21, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)

>>Not really. The condition Nurse Gollum has is a broader condition known as asymmetrical conjoined twinning. Craniopagus parasiticus is a type of asymmetrical conjoined twinning, but it is not specifically what the nurse had.

What about mention of the Chinese fellow who was featured on Ripley's?   —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.160.174.24 (talk) 15:12, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

Is this really a stub?
Of course, there can be additional information regarding each of the eight cases, but such information is more apropriate in specific articles. As for general information or categorizing, there can hardly be any because there are only eight cases. This means that there is probably, very little information which can be added. Under such circumstances, can this article really be called a stub?--132.68.249.124 22:00, Mar 29, 2006 (UTC)

Just to mention it, while we're on the subject: the sentence talking about the number of cases ("There have only been eight documented cases of this phenomenon, though to-date there have been at least eighty separate cases of this phenomenon written about in various records") does not read clearly - does it mean that there have been eight cases but eighty studies of those eight cases, or what? Hierophany 07:37, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

Why is this genetics
Craniopagus parasiticus seems like it is caused by a physical condition in the womb. Genetics don't determine if twins will be conceived, nor if they will fuse together. Or am I missing something? -- kenb215 talk 01:55, 31 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I think, basically you're right: It primarily is an "accident" in the womb. But maybe there are genetic factors that have an influence on the adhesion of the developing stem cells that are to become a more or less independent twin, or even on the mother's disposition to ovulate two or more ova at the same time, thus leading to a higher chance of a twin pregnancy. But it's a physical condition like a lot of other prenatal defects/conditions in the first place, for unknown reasons until now, so the genetics are just speculations. -- marilyn.hanson 02:04, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
 * So I'm fixing the category thing: Now in cat:Congenital disorders . -- marilyn.hanson 02:11, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Development of the head
Does the second head actually work like another head or is it just a part that is immobile, etc.? Can it talk? or is it just extra and unsentient? Ilikefood 00:36, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
 * It depends on the case. I don't think that there has ever been a second head that was normal and capable of speech. However, sometimes the extra head is able to do things like smiling and suckling. -- kenb215 talk 20:08, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Factual error in reference
This link: http://english.pravda.ru/science/health/27-03-2006/77864-birth-0 states "With this anomaly the embryo divides but does not entirely develop into two twins. In actual fact the second head belonged to the girl’s unborn brother." This is impossible. I'm not sure which sentence is the correct one, perhaps someone with more knowledge of the case knows, but this is clearly not a reliable source. If the baby's birth defect was in fact caused by ONE embryo that began to divide to form twins and then didn't properly do so, it would be impossible for the twin or "second head" to be of a different gender (unless a very rare mutation occurred during development). In all the other articles I've read of this child, they never refer to the other twin or head being the baby girl's undeveloped brother. I still don't think it would be possible for any of the rare mutations or circumstances that can cause monozygotic twins to be different genders are possible in the case of conjoined twins that formed from ONE egg, as the article states. Since I am not 100% certain there wasn't some other anomaly of science involved in this case, I won't remove the reference, but can another editor who knows more check it out please? The article also contains grammatical errors and odd wording, and doesn't appear to be written in a professional way. LibertyCrusader (talk) 13:27, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

The Two-Headed Boy of Bengal
I think that there needs to be an individual article for the two-headed boy of bengal. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.191.216.166 (talk) 17:15, 27 November 2011 (UTC)

Page is being adopted for editing
Hello, in the next few months I (user: crmccoy) will be improving this page for a class project under the supervision of Dr. Susan Chapman (User:Drsusan1968) at Clemson University. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Crmccoy (talk • contribs) 16:46, 29 August 2012 (UTC)

reference 1 Journal of Clinical Neuroscience patient?
There are 4 facts cited from the JCN reference ... but no mention of the guy pictured in the JCN paper: a man (or grown teenager) with a twin head upside down on his head, like the Boy of Bengal. The wikipedia article only mentions 3 cases to have survived birth, and this guy isn't included. I'm confused. I don't know enough about this to add him, because I don't have access to the full JCN paper, but I hope somebody out there can figure this out. Ukrpickaxe (talk) 07:06, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Craniopagus parasiticus. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120405153845/http://www.forteantimes.com:80/features/articles/148/the_twoheaded_boy_of_bengal.html to http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/148/the_twoheaded_boy_of_bengal.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 07:26, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

Wrong statistic in opening sentence?
The start of the article lists this condition as "occurring in about 2 to 3 of 5,000,000 births". The cited reference is not freely readable so I can't confirm, but later in the article it is stated that only ten cases of this condition have been documented, which seems to imply an incidence of closer to 2 to 3 of 5,000,000,000 births (5 billion rather than 5 million), and certainly vastly less than 2-3 in 5 million births, which would imply there should be hundreds if not thousands of documented cases.

If the opening sentence is instead meant to be 2-3 of 5 million parasitic twinning births, this isn't clear from the wording.

Can someone with access to the initial citation confirm that this statistic is accurate? If so, it seems to warrant further explanation of why there are so few documented cases. -- Makosuke (talk) 20:06, 5 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Craniopagus parasiticus