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Coritiba Foot Ball Club

Coritiba Foot Ball Club, commonly known as Coritiba and colloquially referred to as "Coxa", is a Brazilian football club from Curitiba, capital city of the Brazilian state of Paraná. Founded in 1909 by German immigrants, it is the oldest football club and the club with most titles in the state.

Coritiba's home stadium is the Estádio Couto Pereira, built in 1932, with the capacity of 40,000 fans. Its main rivalry is with Athletico Paranaense, with whom it plays the Atletiba derby, one of the great rivalries in Brazilian football, also competing in the derby Paratiba, which is disputed with Paraná Clube.

Coritiba was the first club from Paraná to win the Brazilian Championship in 1985, breaking the hegemony of teams from São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais that had lasted since the 1960s. It has also won two Brazilian Championship Série B titles, in 2007 and 2010. The club has won the Paraná State Championship 39 times – more than both of its main rivals combined (Athletico Paranaense having 27 titles and Paraná Clube 7).

In June 2023, Treecorp Investimentos completed the purchase of 90% of the club's SAF, in a deal valued at 1.1 billion reais.

Overview
Coritiba is the first club from southern Brazil to have won a national title, the 1973 Torneio do Povo, and is also the first southern club to have competed in both main continental competitions, the Copa Libertadores and the Copa Sudamericana.

It was both the first club from Paraná to have won the Série A (the main title in Brazil), and to reach the semi-finals in the second main competition in the country, the Copa do Brasil, in 1991, 2001, 2009, and to reach the finals in 2011 and 2012.

The only one to have six consecutive Paranaense titles, between 1971 and 1976, Coritiba is also the club with the most appearances in this championship. With more than 30,000 members, it is currently ranked #1 in the FPF, 14th place on the CBF ranking, 83rd place on the Conmebol ranking and 125th on the international IFFHS ranking. The club has more than 30,000 members.

As of 2013, it has partnerships (including loans and exchanges of youth players) with Porto and Benfica of Portugal, Chivas Guadalajara of Mexico, Daegu of South Korea and VVV-Venlo of the Netherlands.

The club still holds the record for the most consecutive victories, 24 (twenty-four), in official competitions, and the longest streak among Brazilian teams, having played more than 4,800 games in its history.

Coritiba is the first football club in the south of Brazil to begin to embrace American football. Coritiba Crocodiles is an American football team formed by the merger of Coritiba (American football) and the Barigui Crocodiles, being three times Brazilian champions, nine state champions and twice in the southern conference.

Foundation
In 1909, a group of young men met in the Clube Ginástico Teuto-Brasileiro Turnverein (German-Brazilian Gymnastics Club Turnverein – "Turnverein" being the German word for gymnastics club), where the German immigrant community of Curitiba gathered to play a variety of sports. In July of that year, a prominent member of the club, Frederico "Fritz" Essenfelder arrived with a leather ball in hand. He explained to his friends that it was a football and he explained the rules of this new game. Fritz and his friends within the club started organizing matches in the field of the Quartel da Força Pública (Public Force Headquarters).

Later, an invitation came to play a match against a club of workers, many of them British, from the Ponta Grossa railway. On 12 October 1909, Fritz called a meeting in the old Theatro Hauer (Hauer Theatre) to arrange the first match. A decision was made to form a football club, and he would call it Teuto-Brasileiro. Teuto-Brasileiro would be the first football club in the state of Paraná.

The First Match
On 23 October 1909, in Ponta Grossa, the club had its first official match. The opponents were Clube de Foot Ball de Tiro Pontagrossense, made up of employees from the South American Brazilian Engineering Company. The match was won by Tiro Pontagrossense, with a 1–0 scoreline, the goal being scored by Elias Mota.

Coritiba's team for the first match was: Arthur Iwersen, Erothildes Carlberg, Leopoldo Obladen, Arthur Hauer, Alfredo Labsch, Alfredo Hauer, Walter Dietrich, Teodoro Obladen, Carlos Schleker, Roberto Juchks, Fritz Essenfelder, Johann Maschke, Waldemar Hauer, Alvin Hauer and Rudolf Kaastrup.

Club Foundation
After the match in Ponta Grossa, the club's founders and members were excited by the new game, and decided to dedicate their club exclusively to football. There were already more than 50 players, many of them not of German descent, yet the Clube Ginástico Teuto-Brasileiro Turnverein did not allow non-German members; this led to the formation of a separate club (after many discussions held at Teatro Hauer throughout December 1909). Finally, on 30 January 1910, the independent Coritibano Foot Ball Club was formed. The name was chosen as this is what the team had played as at their first match in Ponta Grossa.

The first club meeting was held 21 April 1910, after they had acquired all of the rules of the sport (from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo). During this meeting, the first Board of Directors was formed, naming João Viana Seiler as president, Arthur Hauer as vice-president, José Júlio Franco and Leopoldo Obladen as first and second secretary respectively, and Walter Dietrich and Alvim Hauer as first and second treasurer respectively. Fritz was named captain of the team. It was also during this meeting that the name of the club was changed, this time to Coritiba, after the old name of the capital of Paraná. This was to avoid confusion with a social club in the city called Coritibano. The foundation of Coritiba Foot Ball Club effectively launched organized football in the state of Paraná.

1910s and 1920s
The search for a football ground began and the Hipódromo do Guabirotuba (Guabirotuba Horse Racing Track) was chosen. It was also the home of the Jockey Clube do Paraná until 1955. Bleachers were needed to accommodate spectators, and after the new stadium was retrofitted for football, it was named Prado de Guabirotuba. The inauguration took place on 12 June 1910, before a match against Ponta Grossa Foot Ball Club (the new name of Clube de Foot Ball de Tiro Pontagrossense). Coritiba won the match 5–3. It was the first football match in Curitiba and was viewed by 200 spectators. Coritiba went on to play at Prado de Guabirotuba until 1917.

In 1915, Coritiba started competing in both the Campeonato da Cidade (City Championship) and the Campeonato Paranaense state championship. Coritiba won both the city and the state championships the following year. On 2 July 1916, Coritiba defeated a club by the name of Spartano in the Campeonato Paranaense state championship by 7 goals to the opponent's nought. That year, star player José Bermudes – better known as Maxambomba – became the first player from a Paraná team to be selected for the Brazil national squad. Coritiba won the Torneio Afonso Camargo (Afonso Camargo Tournament) and, in 1917, the club started playing at their new stadium Parque da Graciosa in Juvevê, where they played until 1932.

In 1920, Coritiba won the Torneio Início and, in 1921, they won it again along with the Torneio da Cruz Vermelha and the Torneio de Tiradentes. On 15 August 1921, the club beat the São Paulo state team, the Seleção Paulista, 1–0. The São Paulo state team formed the backbone of the Brazil national side, so this victory put football in the State of Paraná on the national map. The forward Maxambomba and the midfielder Gonçalo Pena were both selected for the Brazil national team that played in the 1921 South American Championship (now called the Copa América).

In 1924, the great state rivalry between Coritiba and Clube Atlético Paranaense began. On 8 June of that year, Coritiba beat Atlético 6–3, with four goals by Ninho. On 7 November 1926, Coritiba beat Paraná Sports 13–1, the largest goal difference in the history of the Paraná state championship. Staco scored five goals for Coritiba. In 1927, with Antônio Couto Pereira as president, Coritiba soundly won the Campeonato Paranaense by winning eight of their nine matches. Staco scored seven goals in a 9–0 victory over Savoia. In the same year, the club won both the Campeonato da Cidade and the Taça Fox.

1930s and 1940s
In 1930, Coritiba won the Torneio Início. On 23 November, Coritiba beat their arch-rivals Atlético-PR by 7–4, the highest scoring match in the competition. The following year, Coritiba won the Campeonato Paranaense and the Campeonato da Cidade. In the 1931 edition of the Campeonato Paranaense, history was made during a match against Palestra Itália.

Moaçir Gonçalves was a player-manager for Coritiba and he became the first black player for a team from the state capital. There were many black players in the 1930s in Brazil, but Curitiba was a city dominated demographically by German, Polish and Ukrainian immigrants so black players were rare. With his team trailing 3–1, Moaçir Gonçalves substituted himself in and Coritiba won 5–4.

Another notable character that season was Rei, a young ball boy for Coritiba nicknamed Rei dos Vagabundos (King of Bums) due to his lazy, laid-back attitude. During training for a Sunday match, the regular goalkeeper was late and the coach, Pizzatto, put the sixteen-year-old Fontana in the net. He astonished everyone with his performance and he was promptly registered as a player by the next match. He debuted against Atlético-PR in Baixada, and Coritiba won 1–0. José Fontana was selected as Man of the Match and went on to be known as 'The King'. He became the first goalkeeper from Paraná state to be selected for the national side.

In 1932, Coritiba won both the Torneio Inicio and the Torneio dos Cronista Esportivos. On 7 August 1932, Coritiba beat Atlético-PR 6–1, away from home and with a reserve team. On 19 November, Coritiba inaugurated its new Belfort Duarte stadium. The inaugural match was against América-RJ, a team from Rio who were the defending champions of the Campeonato Carioca, which is the state championship in Rio de Janeiro. Coritiba won 4–2 and began a long period of success, winning many titles including the city's championship, Campeonato da Cidade (1933, 1935 and 1939), the Campeonato Paranaense (1933, 1935 and 1939), the Torneio Arthur Friedenreich (1934) and Torneio Início (1939).

On 23 January 1941, Coritiba played its first match against a foreign team, drawing with Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata of Argentina at Belfort Duarte. On 1 February 1942, Neno scored seven goals in a 10–2 victory over Jacarezinho. On 18 March, the club played a friendly against Avaí and won 4–1, the first match played at night under floodlights in the state of Paraná. In 1943, Coritiba won both the Torneio Imprensa and the Torneio Luis Aranha. 1944 saw Coritiba win the Torneio Getúlio Vargas and, in the following year, the Torneio da Cidade de Curitiba. During this time Couto Pereira left the presidency of the club after two terms (a total of thirteen years). In 1946 and 1947, won the Campeonato da Cidade and were twice champions in the Campeonato Paranaense. Also in 1947, Coritiba won all four categories of the Campeonato Paranaense (aspirant, amateur, juvenile and professional) and was dubbed Campeoníssimo or 'Super Champion'. On 12 July 1949, Coritiba played its first match against a club from outside of continental America. They beat Rapid Vienna of Austria 4–0 in Vila Capanema. Rapid Vienna was the Austrian national champion at the time.

1950s and 1960s
The 1950s was a successful decade for Coritiba. The club won the Torneio Triangular de Curitiba in 1950, and the Torneio Quadrangular Interestadual and Torneio Quadrangular de Londrina in 1953. They won the Campeonato Paranaense six times: 1951, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1957 and 1959.

In 1960, Coritiba won the Campeonato Paranaense again. In that year, the club lost the famous coin game to Grêmio for the title of Taça Brasil. After three draws between the clubs, the title was decided with the flip of a coin. In 1967, Evangelino da Costa Neves became the new president of Coritiba and he stayed at the helm for more than twenty years. On August 6, Coritiba defeated Atlético Madrid of Spain in Belfort Duarte 3–2, with three goals from Walter. On December 12, Coritiba beat the Hungary national side 1–0 at Belfort Duarte.

In 1968, Coritiba ended a draught of eight years without titles when they became champion of the Campeonato Paranaense, also winning the Torneio Internacional de Verão. On June 2, Coritiba played Napoli of Italy, at Belfort Duarte. On November 13, Coritiba played the Brazil national team, losing 2–1.

In 1969, Coritiba embarked on its first international tour, playing friendlies in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, the Netherlands and Belgium, and participating in the III Torneio Cidade de Murcia (III Tournament in Murcia), in Spain. The club won the Pierre Colon Cup in France as well. Coritiba played against the likes of Valencia of Spain, Borussia Dortmund of Germany, Bordeaux of France, Feyenoord of the Netherlands, Austria Vienna of Austria, Levski Sofia of Bulgaria, and Anderlecht of Belgium.

1970s
In 1970, in order to rally their fans and boost their finances for an expansion of the Belfort Duarte Stadium, the president Evangelino adopted the strategy used by rivals Atlético-PR, making some major signings. The first wave included players like Rinaldo (Palmeiras), Joel Mendes (Santos) and Hidalgo (XV de Piracicaba). The club embarked on another international tour, this time playing against clubs in France, Yugoslavia, Algeria, Romania and Portugal, as well as the Algeria national side and Sporting CP. Coritiba won the Torneio Internacional de Verão in 1970 and 1971.

In 1971, Coritiba started what is known as The Golden Decade, winning six consecutive state championships (in 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975 and 1976) – a record in Parana state football history. On January 18, 1971, Coritiba played the France national side, who had just beaten Argentina, at Belfort Duarte and won 2–1.

In 1972, on a third international tour, the club played friendlies in Algeria and Morocco, and took part in a tournament in Turkey. On this tour, Coritiba played against Fenerbahçe, as well as the national sides of both Turkey and Morocco. Returning undefeated to Coritiba, they received the Fita Azul. In the same year, Coritiba played Benfica from Portugal, and the national sides of both Hungary and Congo at Belfort Duarte.

In 1973, Coritiba won the Torneio do Povo, becoming the first team from southern Brazil to win a national title. On June 18, Coritiba beat the Paraguaya national side 1–0 at Belfort Duarte. Coritiba won the Quadrangular de Goiás in 1975 and Taça Cidade de Curitiba/Taça Clemente Comandulli in 1976 and 1978. In 1977, the name of the Belfort Duarte stadium was changed to Major Antônio Couto Pereira, and, in 1978 and 1979, Coritiba won two Campeonatos Paranaense. The club ended the 1970s with eight state championships and, in 1979, finished third in the national Brasileirão.

1980s
In 1980, Coritiba finished fourth in the Brasileirão, beating both Ferroviário and Desportiva with a 7–1 scoreline. After this, however, Coritiba encountered both an administrative and a financial crisis, leaving the team without any important titles until 1985.

In 1981, the club won a Quadrangular do Trabalhador, and due to the poor campaigns in Campeonato Paranaense, participated in 1981 and 1983 Taça da Prata, the second division of Brasileirão. In 1983, they beat Torneio Ak-Waba, from the Ivory Coast. In this tournament, Coritiba played Bulgaria national team twice, because the Bulgarians, not disheartened after losing the first match 2–0, challenged Coritiba to a rematch. This ended in a 1–1 draw. In 1984, Coritiba returned to the Brasileirão, finishing in eighth place.

1985 – Brasileirão champion
1985 saw the most glory for football both in Coritiba and Paraná thus far. The club began the season with Dino Sani as head coach. But after a mediocre start to the season, the club's board decided to appoint Ênio Andrade in search for bigger aspirations. He arrived with a clear tactical philosophy, drastically changing the training sessions to focusing on physical fitness regimens.

However, Andrade's drastic change in tactics had a negative effect in the beginning; in his first five games, his team lost four games in a row. But after these first few games, Andrade changed the tactics once more and found something he could exploit; the attacking line, which was composed of Toby, Lela, and Indio. This physical improvement was essential in the latter stages of the Brasileirao, as Coritiba took advantage of the low stamina of their rivals low stamina in the final minutes of their matches and as a result scored many late goals.

In the semi-finals, Coritiba beat Atletico Mineiro 1–0 over two legs. In the final against Bangu, Coritiba scored first through a free kick by Indio, and ten minutes later Bangu tied the score. The score was 1–1 at the end of 90 minutes, so the match went into extra time, where nobody could find a winner and the match went into penalties. With the penalty shootout underway, and the score at 5–5, Bangu's Ado missed a penalty, which meant if Coritiba scored, they would become champions of Brazil. Gomes stepped up and scored the penalty to make Coritiba league champion for the first time in its history in the iconic Maracana. Due to Bangu being a club based in Rio de Janeiro, fans of Vasco, Flamengo, Fluminense, Botafogo and other Rio based clubs attended to support Bangu, totalling more than 90,000 fans. Coritiba's title was strange because it was one of the first teams to win the title with a negative goal difference.

In the same year as their national title, Coritiba also won the Torneio Maurício Fruet, as well as participating in two friendly games against Cerro Porteño. They drew 0–0 in their first friendly, hosted in Asuncion (Paraguay), but won the second 2–0 in Couto Pereira.

In 1986, Coritiba made their Copa Libertadores debut, becoming the first team from the state to participate in the competition. In this year, Coritiba won the Campeonato Paranaense. In 1987, Coritiba were invited to join Clube dos 13 and participate in Copa União (União Cup).

In 1989, Coritiba won the Campeonato Paranaense. In this year, they played a good campaign in Brasileirão, but refused to agree to a change in the calendar of play which meant the club were to play the day before playing Vasco da Gama – their main opponent in their group. Coritiba therefore did not go to the match against Santos, supposed to be held in Juiz de Fora, and was punished by CBF with an automatic loss of 1–0, the loss of five points and thus fell to Série B. On June 18, Coritiba beat the Japan national team 1–0 in Couto Pereira.

1990s
In the year of 1990, the drama of the previous year was still being felt. The club entered a new crisis, which eventually spanned the first half of the decade. Nevertheless, Coritiba made a good performance in Copa do Brasil of 1991, reaching the semi-finals. After two years in Série B, in 1992, Coritiba moved once again up a division, falling yet again in 1993. In 1995, with a loss to Matsubara, Evangelino Neves was pressed to leave the club. Édison Mauad, Sérgio Prosdócimo and Joel Malucelli assumed presidency and fought to beat public doubts about the club. They were successful, and Coritiba moved back up to Série A.

In the state competition, however, Coritiba's winning spell was over. They came close in 1995 in an exciting final against rival Paraná (team), but unfortunately Coritiba eventually lost the match, held in Pinheirão, 1–0. The team came close again in 1996, but did not reach the final.

In 1997, Coritiba were the champions of the Festival Brasileiro de Futebol. Although the championship was not as highly regarded as others they had previously won, the club were struggling so the title was very well celebrated by the Coritiba fans. In the next year, January 19, Coritiba won 3–1 in a friendly against the Jamaica national team, who a month later participated in the World Cup. In the 1998 Brasileirão, Coritiba produced a great performance, ending the first phase in third place. In the knockout phase though, they were eliminated by Portugal, ending the competition in sixth place.

In 1999, Coritiba returned to the Campeonato Paranaense, winning the state title after a nine-year hiatus.

2000s
In 2001, Coritiba had a good first semester, becoming vice-champion of Copa Sul-Minas (South-Minas Cup), and reaching the semi-finals of the Copa do Brasil. But in the Campeonato Paranaense, the club were eliminated in the semi-finals, yet again for Paraná state. Fernando Miguel scored a goal for Coritiba in the 93rd minute (48th minute of the second half).

In 2002, after a bad beginning, Coritiba improved throughout the season. They did, however, lose against Gama.

In 2003, as well as being unbeaten champions of Campeonato Paranaense, they were fifth in Brasileirão, and were allowed to play in the Libertadores da América the next year.

In 2004, they won the Campeonato Paranaense again and participated in the Sul-Americanas and Libertadores da América cups.

In 2005, after a bad campaign in the Campeonato Brasileiro, the team fell to Série B of the competition. In that year, Coritiba had the fourth highest average attendance of the tournament, with 18,688 per match.

2006 brought coach Marcio Araújo to Coritiba, and later Estevam Soares. After eliminations from the Campeonato Paranaense and Copa do Brasil, Estevam was fired, and was replaced by Paulo Bonamigo. During Campeonato, Coritiba won a number of rounds, but ended the championship in sixth place, so did not move up to Série A.

In 2007, Guilherme Macuglia was the new boss. He was in command during the Campeonato Paranaense, Copa do Brasil, and for part of the Campeonato Brasileiro. In July 2007, Renê Simões was hired as the new boss after the sacking of Macuglia. During this period, the players were revealed: people like defender Henrique, the midfielders Marlos and Pedro Ken, and striker Keirrison, as well as players such as Gustavo, Túlio and goalkeeper Edson Baston. On November 3, with four games to spare, Coritiba were back up to Série A of Brasileirão, drawing with Vitória, in Couto Pereira. On November 24, in their last game, with a victory against Santa Cruz in Estádio do Arruda (Arruda Stadium), Coritiba were champions of Serie B in 2007.

In 2009, Coritiba fell to Série B after a tie with Fluminense, the result was a sports riot in the stadium that left 18 injured, damages of R$500 thousand and 6 Coritiba fans in prison.

2010s
In 2010, Coritiba won the Campeonato Paranaense, and the Coritiba fans celebrated the title early against their greatest rival with a 2–0 victory in Couto Pereira. There were goals from Marcos Aurélio and Geraldo. During the Campeonato Brasileiro, Coritiba were not the favorite for the title, because they had lost in Couto Pereira for 10 games. When they returned to Couto Pereira they were first in table. They won again on September 18, with a victory of 2–0 against Portuguesa, with 30,414 fans making a big party.

On November 9, 2010, three games early, Coritiba were back to Série A after a 3–2 win against Duque de Caxias in São Januário. On November 20, with a draw against Icasa in Romeirão, Coritiba were champions of Série B one game early.

On April 24, 2011, the club needed only a draw to win the state championship title a game early, and pulled it off: Coritiba were champion of Campeonato Paranaense again, after defeating Atlético Paranaense 3–0, in a game in Arena da Baixada. The two-time state champions were unbeaten, with only two draws.

On April 28, with a 1–0 win against Caxias in an official game for the 8th-finals of Copa do Brasil of 2011, the club entered the history of Brazilian soccer after beating the record for consecutive wins, replacing Palmeiras in 1996, who made 21 victories. With a win against Cianorte, ending the Campeonato Paranaense of 2011 unbeaten, and having thrashed Palmeiras 6–0 for the Copa do Brasil, Coritiba made 24 consecutive victories and 29 undefeated games.

Coritiba qualified in the 2011 Copa do Brasil final, after defeating Ceará. In the final, against Vasco da Gama, they were defeated 1–0 in the first leg, and won 3–2 in the second leg, but did not win the cup because of the away-goals rule.

In 2012, Coritiba won the Campeonato Paranaense and were the three-time champion. They were once again in the final of the Copa do Brasil. But, in the national tournament, they drew 2–1 against Palmeiras. Coritiba almost lost the first match 2–0, in Barueri.

The following few years were yoyo years as the club was relegated in 2017 and in 2020 and never finished in the top 10 of the league.

2020s
In May 2023, after transitioning to a Sociedade Anônima do Futebol, the club announced that it had reached an agreement to sell 90% of its stocks to Treecorp, a private equity based in Faria Lima Avenue.

Name
The current and official name of the city of Curitiba was established in 1919, ten years after the foundation of club, which was actually called Coritiba. In the early years of football in Brazil, many English terms were used, such as "match", "ground" and "players". It is likely that the founders of Coritiba used these terms, and the name "Foot Ball Club" was the most correct name at the time. It has not been changed since then.

The name "Curitiba" had gone through many orthographies throughout history, such as Coritiba and Curityba due to cultural diversities throughout the city.

Colors and logo
The club colors are green and white, the colors of the Paraná state flag. Founded on 12 October 1909, Coritiba is the oldest "green and white" team in Brazilian football.

The club's logo is a green globe with the initials CFC in white across the centre, along with twelve white stylised pine seeds. The logo's colors, green and white, are the same as Paraná state flag's. Coritiba's first logo was simple: a white background inside a green circle, with the initials CFC in green.

The team kit
Coritiba's first kit was used from 1909 to 1916, and was composed of green and white vertical stripes. Coritiba's second kit, used from 1916 to 1976 was an all-white one.

The current home kit is composed of a white shirt, with two green parallel horizontal stripes and black shorts and white socks. The away kit is composed of a green and white vertical stripes shirt, black shorts and green socks. These kits were adopted in 1976.

Mascot
The club's mascot is an old man nicknamed Vovô Coxa (Grandpa Coxa), and represents the club's tradition of being the oldest football club of Curitiba.

Anthem
The official club anthem lyrics were composed by Cláudio Ribeiro, and the music by Homero Rébuli. An unofficial anthem exists, titled Coritiba Eterno Campeão (Coritiba the Eternal Champion), which was composed by Francis Night. A third anthem, with lyrics composed by Vinicius Coelho, with music by Sebastião Lima, is also called Eterno Campeão.

Market value
According to the 2014 ranking of BDO RCS Auditores Independentes consulting, Coritiba has the 13th highest market value of Brazilian football, valued at approximately R$118.5 million. Despite this, in June 2023, Coritiba was sold to the company TreeCorp Investimentos for a value of R$1.1 billion.

Honours

 * Campeonato Brasileiro (3): 2013, 2014, 2022
 * Liga Brasileira - Divisão Azul (2): 2010, 2011
 * Superliga Centro-Sul (2): 2014, 2015
 * Conferência Sul (5): 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017
 * Torneio Touchdown - Divisão Sul (1): 2009
 * Copa Sul de Flag Football (1): 2023
 * Campeonato Paranaense (10): 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2022, 2023
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Under-20 (1): 2022

Honours

 * Campeonato Paranaense (2): 1944, 1945
 * Campeonato Metropolitano (9): 1930, 1931, 1932, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1940, 1944, 2019
 * Super Torneio 3x3 (1): 2022
 * Campeonato Paranaense Under-22 (1): 2022
 * Campeonato Paranaense Under-19 (1): 2019

Honours

 * Dota Pro Circuit - Tour 3: Division II (1): 2021-22
 * Apex Legends Split 2 - Challenger Circuit #2 (1): 2023

Honours

 * Liga das Américas (2): 2018, 2019
 * Taça Governador do Paraná (3): 2018, 2021, 2022
 * Taça Federação (1): 2015
 * Taça Curitiba (4): 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019
 * Campeonato Metropolitano (1): 2021
 * Taça Trio de Ferro (1): 2019

Honours

 * {{legend|gold|record}}
 * shared record

Others

 * Torneio Início do Paraná (11): 1917, 1920, 1921, 1930, 1932, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1951, 1952, 1957
 * Curitiba International Summer Tournament (3): 1968, 1970, 1971
 * Pierre Colon Cup (1): 1969
 * Algeria-Morocco Tournament (1): 1972
 * Torneio do Povo (1): 1973
 * Akwaba Cup (1): 1983
 * Brazilian Festival (1): 1997

City

 * Curitiba Championship (1): 1927
 * Curitiba League (5): 1931, 1933, 1935, 1939, 1941
 * Curitiba City Cup (3): 1945, 1976, 1978
 * Closing Tournament (1): 1918
 * Lightning Tournament (1): 1943

Runners-Up

 * Copa do Brasil (2): 2011, 2012
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série B (1): 1995
 * Copa Sul-Minas (1): 2001
 * Campeonato Paranaense (23): 1918, 1919, 1920, 1936, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1950, 1962, 1970, 1977, 1983, 1984, 1990, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2005, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020
 * Taça FPF (1): 2003
 * Torneio Início do Paraná (4): 1922, 1925, 1946, 1953

International

 * Dallas Cup (2): 2012, 2015
 * Torneo Internazionale Città di Gradisca (2): 2013, 2014
 * Runner-up (1): 2015
 * IberCup Sub-17 (1): 2020
 * EFIPAN Sub-15 (1): 2015
 * Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil
 * Runner-up (1): 2018
 * Copa Mercosul Sub-13
 * Runner-up (1): 2022

National

 * Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20
 * Runner-up (1): 2017
 * Copa do Brasil Sub-20 (1): 2021
 * Supercopa do Brasil Sub-20
 * Runner-up (1): 2021
 * Taça Belo Horizonte de Juniores (1): 2010
 * Copa Votorantim Sub-15 (1): 2012
 * Runner-up (1): 2016
 * Campeonato Brasileiro Infantil (1): 1991

State

 * Campeonato Paranaense 2º Quadro (7): 1919, 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931
 * Campeonato Paranaense Médios (7): 1931, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939
 * Campeonato Paranaense Aspirantes (11): 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1966, 1994, 1995
 * Campeonato Paranaense Sub-20 (26): 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1989, 1999, 2003, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2022, 2023
 * Campeonato Paranaense Sub-19 (6): 1989, 1999, 2003, 2009, 2012, 2018
 * Campeonato Paranaense Sub-18 (1): 2013
 * Campeonato Paranaense Sub-17 (7): 1983, 1984, 1992, 1999, 2003, 2009, 2013
 * Campeonato Paranaense Sub-16 (1): 2023
 * Campeonato Paranaense Sub-15 (4): 2010, 2012, 2018, 2023
 * Campeonato Paranaense Sub-14 (2): 2008, 2023
 * Campeonato Paranaense Sub-12 (1): 2009

Women

 * Campeonato Paranaense
 * Runner-up (1): 2023

Stadium
Estádio Couto Pereira is Coritiba's home stadium.

 * Name: Estádio Major Antônio Couto Pereira
 * Capacity: 40,502
 * Address: Rua Ubaldino do Amaral, 37
 * Record attendance:
 * (General) – 70,000 (Pope John Paul II, 1980)
 * (Game) – The stadium's attendance record in a football match currently stands at 65,943, set on May 15, 1983 when Atlético-PR played against Flamengo (2–0).
 * Field dimensions: 105,00m x 69,00m
 * Year opened: 1932

Major Antônio Couto Pereira Stadium was founded in 1932 and currently has a capacity of 40,502 people. It is known as Couto Pereira or Alto da Glória by fans and the press.

The land for the stadium was donated by Nicolau Scheffer, or sold for a symbolic price, due to taxes. At the time, it was a remote location, and it was commonly said that it would not be viable due to the distance.

In a renovation that took place in 2005, the dimensions of the pitch were enlarged and the protective fences were removed, facilitating the view of the game from all sectors of the stadium. In addition, equipment such as reserve benches and goals were modernized, as well as the entire pitch was replaced and renovations were made to the internal facilities (changing rooms and rooms).

Originally called Estádio Belfort Duarte, its name was changed to the current one in 1977 after renovations for expansion, as a tribute to one of the people most responsible for the stadium becoming a reality.

Training Ground Graciosa
In 1988, President Bayard Osna ordered the construction of a training center for Coritiba. A land was acquired on the old Estrada da Graciosa (Graciosa's Road), near the Trevo do Atuba, about nine kilometers from the main headquarters, in Alto da Glória (A neighborhood in Curitiba). But it was not until 1995 that the second step was taken. Joel Malucelli, Sérgio Prosdócimo and Édson Mauad took over Coritiba and started the works.

Engineer José Arruda, at the time vice president of the club, was chosen as the person responsible for facing this challenge and he did it with confidence and determination, counting on the support of a competent works committee. Most of the money that made the construction possible came from monthly contributions from the Deliberative Council, presided at the time by Manoel Antonio de Oliveira.

The Graciosa's Training Ground was inaugurated on December 20, 1997. After much dedication and work from everyone who helped, the dream became a reality. In 2002, Giovani Gionédis took over the club and began a bold structural planning, which began with the expansion and modernization of the alviverde heritage.

Today, the Bayard Osna Training Center has become one of the references of modernity and space for the work of football professionals. The serious work made Coritiba one of the clubs in the country with one of the best structures. It is based on the work of improving the base and each year stars emerge on its pitches, always accompanied by the best professionals, until they reach the professional team and become coxa-brancas idols.

The Training Center has five official football fields (70x110m), with different pitches. In addition, three dressing rooms, heated swimming pool, parking lot, press committee. For the medical area there is a modern physiology clinic, a complete gym, as well as physiotherapy, psychology and nutrition clinics.

Supporters
The club's main organized fan group is Império Alviverde, founded in 1977. The group wears green and white colors and is also known as one of the largest organized fan groups in the Southern Region of Brazil, if not the largest.

In addition to being one of the most traditional clubs in the state, the Coxa Branca fan base is also one of the most traditional in Paraná. Back in 1939, Pinha (Luis Vila), a former Coxa goalkeeper, created the first organized fan group in the state of Paraná, which featured drumming and chants of encouragement, differentiating itself from its rivals.

In 2010, the fans still attended all ten of the team's games in Joinville during the severe punishment imposed on the fan group, bringing a total of 33,156 fans and an average of 3,315 people per game, even playing 130 kilometers away from Curitiba, demonstrating that the strength and passion for the club has no limits.

Traditional throughout the South of Brazil, Coxa's fan base is among the largest among southern clubs. A survey conducted by IBOPE in 2010 points to the Paraná club as the third largest fan base in the Southern Region. The Coritiba fan base still has the highest average attendance in the state championship, holding the highest average in 14 of the last 21 years with registered attendances (1994 to 2019); when not the first, almost always the second, similar to what happens in the Brazilian Championship.

The Coritiba fan base is also known for hosting the Green Hell at Couto Pereira, which leads the fans to innovate more and more in pyrotechnics, smoke, paper, fireworks, and lighting, whether during the night or during the day.

The second largest organized fan group of Coritiba is Dragões Alviverde. Dragões Alviverde was founded in 1996.

Rivalries
Coritiba's biggest rivals are from the same city: Atlético-PR and Paraná Clube. The games between Coritiba and Atlético-PR are called "Atle-Tiba" whilst the games between Coritiba and Paraná are known as "Para-Tiba".

Atletiba
The Atletiba classic is the name given to the clash between Coritiba and Atlético Paranaense, both clubs from the city of Curitiba, which have been taking place since June 8, 1924, when Verdão thrashed their rivals by a score of 6-3. Over the years, the rivalry has grown, currently considered one of the biggest rivalries in the southern region of the country, as a result of the numerous decisive games that these two rivals have played, making them the clubs with the largest fan bases in the state of Paraná. The biggest thrashing in the clash occurred on November 14, 1959 when Coxa defeated their rivals by 6-0.

Paratiba
The Paratiba is the classic between Coritiba and Paraná. The first classic, won by Coritiba by 1-0, took place on February 4, 1990. The biggest thrashings of the duel happened in 2002, a 6-1 victory for Paraná, and in 2021, a 5-0 victory for Coxa-Branca.

Players
The players who played and scored the most goals.

Managers
Managers with the most games in charge of Coritiba.

Other Records

 * First goal scorer: Fritz Essenfelter
 * Most appearances: 440 appearances by Jairo (1971–77), (1984–87).
 * Record goal scorer: 202 goals by Duílio Dias (1954–64).
 * Consecutive victories: Coritiba has the Guinness Book worldwide record of consecutive victories (24), achieved between February and May 2011.

Top attendances in Couto Pereira

 * 1) Coritiba 0–2 Flamengo, 58,311 people, 21 November 1983, Campeonato Brasileiro.
 * 2) Coritiba 2–0 Colorado-PR, 53,571 people, 16 September 1979, Campeonato Paranaense.
 * 3) Coritiba 3–0 Atlético-PR, 52,028 people, 1 May 1990, Campeonato Paranaense.
 * 4) Coritiba 1–0 Corinthians, 51,662 people, 11 May 1980, Campeonato Brasileiro.
 * 5) Coritiba 1–1 Vasco, 50,582 people, 12 December 1979, Campeonato Brasileiro.
 * 6) Coritiba 0–0 Atlético-PR, 47,307 people, 13 December 1978, Campeonato Paranaense.
 * 7) Coritiba 2–0 Paranavaí, 47,208 people, 23 March 2003, Campeonato Paranaense.
 * 8) Coritiba 0–0 Atlético-PR, 46,217 people, 10 December 1976, Campeonato Paranaense.
 * 9) Coritiba 2–2 Flamengo-RJ, 45,458 people, 9 November 1988, Campeonato Brasileiro.

Managers (1934 – present)

 * 🇧🇷 Moacyr Gonçalves (?–June 1934)
 * 🇧🇷 Cuka (June 1934–?)
 * 🇧🇷 Hummel Guimarães (1941–August 1942)
 * 🇧🇷 Joaquim Loureiro (January 1945–March 1949)
 * 🇵🇪 Darío Letona (March 1949–April 1949)
 * 🇧🇷 Tonico (interim- February 1952–March 1952)
 * 🇧🇷 Eugenio Vani (March 1952–June 1953)
 * 🇧🇷 Lula (June 1953–October 1953)
 * 🇧🇷 Tonico (October 1953–March 1954)
 * 🇧🇷 Nuno Fernandes (March 1954–August 1954)
 * 🇧🇷 Arion Cornelsen (August 1954–?? 1954)
 * 🇧🇷 Aroldo Veiga (September 1954–October 1954)
 * 🇧🇷 Arion Cornelsen (interim- October 1954–?)
 * 🇵🇾 Sinforiano García (July 1961–November 1961)
 * 🇧🇷 Miguel Checchia (interim- November 1961–?)
 * 🇧🇷 Jaguanhara Torres (January 1964–?)
 * 🇧🇷 Zinder Lins (October 1964–?)
 * 🇧🇷 Francisco Sarno (May 1968–?)
 * 🇦🇷 Filpo Núñez (December 1969–August 1970)
 * 🇧🇷 Mauro Ramos (August 1970–March 1971)
 * 🇧🇷 Lanzoninho (interim- March 1971–April 1971)
 * 🇧🇷 Tim (April 1971–December 1971)
 * 🇧🇷 Aymoré Moreira (January 1972–March 1972)
 * 🇧🇷 Lanzoninho (March 1972–January 1973)
 * 🇧🇷 Tim (January 1973–January 1974)
 * 🇧🇷 Lanzoninho (January 1974–March 1974)
 * 🇧🇷 Yustrich (March 1974–April 1974)

 * 🇧🇷 Hidalgo (interim- April 1974–July 1974)
 * 🇦🇷 Armando Renganeschi (July 1974–March 1975)
 * 🇧🇷 Diede Lameiro (March 1975–?)
 * 🇧🇷 Hélio Alves (interim- August 1975)
 * 🇧🇷 Paulinho de Almeida (August 1975–October 1975)
 * 🇧🇷 Hélio Alves (October 1975–?)
 * 🇧🇷 Dino Sani (July 1976–December 1976)
 * 🇧🇷 Mário Juliato (January 1980–July 1980)
 * 🇧🇷 Daltro Menezes (July 1980–?)
 * 🇧🇷 Nicanor de Carvalho (?–October 1986)
 * 🇧🇷 Dirceu Kruger (interim- October 1986–?)
 * 🇧🇷 Borba Filho (April 1987–July 1987)
 * 🇧🇷 Pedro Rocha (August 1987–?)
 * 🇧🇷 Valdir Espinosa (1988)
 * 🇧🇷 Rubens Minelli (?–February 1998)
 * 🇧🇷 Nedo Xavier (interim- February 1998)
 * 🇧🇷 Júlio Cezar Leal (February 1998–?)
 * 🇧🇷 Valdir Espinosa (1998)
 * 🇺🇾 Darío Pereyra (1998)
 * 🇧🇷 Mauro Fernandes (?–April 1999)
 * 🇧🇷 Abel Braga (April 1999–?)
 * 🇧🇷 Paquito (June 2000–August 2000)
 * 🇧🇷 Fito Neves (August 2000–September 2000)
 * 🇧🇷 Paquito (interim- September 2000)
 * 🇧🇷 Ivo Wortmann (September 2000–August 2001)
 * 🇧🇷 Paquito (interim- August 2001)
 * 🇧🇷 Ricardo Gomes (August 2001–September 2001)
 * 🇧🇷 Ivo Wortmann (September 2001–December 2001)
 * 🇧🇷 Joel Santana (December 2001–April 2002)
 * 🇧🇷 Edson Gonzaga (interim- April 2002)

 * 🇧🇷 Paulo Bonamigo (April 2002–December 2003)
 * 🇧🇷 Antônio Lopes (December 2003–May 2005)
 * 🇧🇷 Cuca (May 2005–October 2005)
 * 🇧🇷 Antônio Lopes Júnior (interim) (October 2005)
 * 🇧🇷 Cláudio Marques (interim) (October 2005)
 * 🇧🇷 Márcio Araújo (October 2005–February 2006)
 * 🇧🇷 Estevam Soares (March 2006–May 2006)
 * 🇧🇷 Paulo Bonamigo (May 2006–November 2006)
 * 🇧🇷 Gilberto Pereira (December 2006–January 2007)
 * 🇧🇷 Guilherme Macuglia (January 2007–June 2007)
 * 🇧🇷 Renê Simões (June 2007–November 2007)
 * 🇧🇷 Ivo Wortmann (December 2008–April 2009)
 * 🇧🇷 Edison Borges (interim - April 2009)
 * 🇧🇷 René Simões (April 2009–August 2009)
 * 🇧🇷 Ney Franco (August 2009–September 2010)
 * 🇧🇷 Marcelo Oliveira (November 2010–September 2012)
 * 🇧🇷 Marquinhos Santos (September 2012–September 2013)
 * 🇧🇷 Marcelo Serrano (Interim- September 2013)
 * 🇧🇷 Péricles Chamusca (September 2013–November 2013)
 * 🇧🇷 Tcheco (Interim- November 2013–December 2013)
 * 🇧🇷 Dado Cavalcanti (December 2013–March 2014)
 * 🇧🇷 Celso Roth (April 2014–August 2014)
 * 🇧🇷 Marquinhos Santos (August 2014–June 2015)
 * 🇧🇷 Ney Franco (June 2015–November 2015)
 * 🇧🇷 Pachequinho (Interim- November 2015/November 2015–December 2015)

 * 🇧🇷 Gilson Kleina (December 2015–June 2016)
 * 🇧🇷 Paulo César Carpegiani (August 2016–February 2017)
 * 🇧🇷 Pachequinho (Interim- March 2017–May 2017/May 2017–July 2017)
 * 🇧🇷 Marcelo Oliveira (July 2017–December 2017)
 * 🇧🇷 Sandro Forner (December 2017–April 2018)
 * 🇧🇷 Eduardo Baptista (April 2018–August 2018)
 * 🇧🇷 Tcheco (Interim- August 2018–September 2018)
 * 🇧🇷 Argel Fucks (September 2018–February 2019)
 * 🇧🇷 Matheus Costa (interim- February 2019)
 * 🇧🇷 Umberto Louzer (February 2019–September 2019)
 * 🇧🇷 Jorginho (September 2019–December 2019)
 * 🇧🇷 Eduardo Barroca (December 2019–August 2020)
 * 🇧🇷 Jorginho (August 2020–October 2020)
 * 🇧🇷 Pachequinho (interim- October 2020)
 * 🇧🇷 Rodrigo Santana (October 2020–December 2020)
 * 🇧🇷 Pachequinho (interim- December 2020–January 2021)
 * 🇵🇾 Gustavo Morínigo (January 2021–August 2022)
 * 🇧🇷 Guto Ferreira (August 2022–December 2022)
 * 🇵🇹 António Oliveira (December 2022–April 2023)
 * 🇧🇷 Antônio Carlos Zago (April 2023–June 2023)
 * 🇧🇷 Thiago Kosloski (interim- June 2023–July 2023/July 2023–November 2023)
 * 🇧🇷 Guilherme Bossle (interim- November 2023)
 * 🇧🇷 Guto Ferreira (November 2023–present)

Greats squads of Coritiba
Some magazines polled for the best Coritiba team of all time, composed of the best Coritiba players of all time. Only two players were present in all polls, Fedato and Miltinho. Jairo, Hildago, Nilo, Krügger and Zé Roberto appear in two of three lists:

 * Grandes Times Brasileiros (1971) : Joel – Tonico, Fedato, Pescuma, Carazzai – Miltinho, Hidalgo, Tião Abatiá – Baby, Ivo, Ronald

 * Lance! – Especial (2005) : Jairo – Hermes, Fedato, Oberdan, Nilo – Miltinho, Hidalgo, Alex, Krügger – Zé Roberto, Aladim

 * Placar – Especial (2009) :Jairo – Ninho, Fedato, Pizzatinho, Nilo – Miltinho, Zé Roberto, Krügger – Lela, Duílio, Pachequinho

title: Coritiba Foot Ball Club


text:
Papa Smurf

Papa Smurf is one of the protagonists from the comic strip The Smurfs. Most Smurfs are said to be about 100 years old, but at the advanced age of 546 (553 in the 1980s series episode "The Littlest Giant"), Papa is the oldest Smurf and the leader of all Smurfs. Despite his age, he is still quite energetic. Easily distinguishable from all the other Smurfs, Papa Smurf has a bushy white mustache and beard and is typically dressed in red pants and a matching red Phrygian cap, making him the only Smurf who does not wear white. He was introduced in Peyo's 1958 Johan and Peewit story "La Flûte à Six Trous", the first appearance of the Smurfs.

Don Messick provided Papa Smurf's voice for the 1980s animated series as well as the special Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue. Jonathan Winters, who voiced Grandpa Smurf on the animated series, was Papa Smurf's voice for the 2011 film and its 2013 sequel, with the latter being Winters' last film before his death. On The Smurfs: A Christmas Carol and The Smurfs: The Legend of Smurfy Hollow, Papa Smurf is voiced by Jack Angel. Mandy Patinkin voiced Papa Smurf in the animated film Smurfs: The Lost Village. David Freeman voices Papa Smurf in the 2021 Smurfs reboot. In the original French version, Papa Smurf's name is "Le Grand Schtroumpf” which means "the Great Smurf" or "the Big Smurf."

History
Papa Smurf debuted in 1958 and is a gentle, humble, and knowledgeable village elder. As the Smurfs' leader, Papa is a central fatherlike figure that the Smurfs typically go to when seeking counsel. Due to his fatherly nature, Papa Smurf is always concerned about the Smurfs’ welfare and harmony. He is very altruistic and is always available to help anybody, whether Smurf or human. His great diplomatic skills are used when encountering humans or other creatures in the forest.

In the original comic books by Peyo, Papa Smurf has a much more forceful personality than in other portrayals. He is often portrayed in these comics as cantankerous and irritable leader. In these comics, Papa has little patience and becomes easily angry with the Smurfs for being disobedient or making mistakes. However, in the 1981 series, he’s a calm leader.

Papa Smurf's duty is to ensure that all the Smurfs of the village get along and respect each other. When real chaos arises, Papa Smurf usually resorts to drastic measures, often through the use of magic. For example, Papa switched bodies with the antagonist Gargamel in order to pretend to attack the village ("Smurf Versus Smurf" comic adventure/"Romeo and Smurfette" TV episode). In another instance, he creates an entire village full of evil doubles of the original Smurfs ("The Smurf Menace" issue).

While Papa Smurf sometimes prefers to not have to constantly fix problems, he realizes that it is his calling. He once said that since he may not be able to be the village leader forever, every Smurf should have a brief experience of commanding the village. To do so, Papa handed over his signature red hat, allowing each Smurf the chance to direct others on a construction project. The Smurfs were then referred to as "Papa Greedy", "Papa Clumsy" or "Mama Smurfette," depending on whose turn it was to be the village leader. While Papa did see the importance of each Smurf gaining leadership skills, his true purpose was to guide the Smurfs and help fix their problems and mistakes.

When he is not actively acting as the leader or helping other Smurfs, Papa Smurf indulges in his favorite hobby: magical chemistry, or alchemy. He often makes elixirs to help Smurfs who get into trouble. The Belgian comic portrays Papa Smurf constantly preparing magical drinks from white hellebore. The drawings that portray the effects of these alchemical brews are shown as both turbulent and amusing. Aside from his house, he also has a laboratory containing several chemical devices. Papa Smurf often tries to create potions to help the Smurfs but sometimes fails; such as the time he accidentally created a substance that turned any living thing into a huge monster (see the album: The Smurfs and the Cracoucass and the cartoon episode "The Smurfs and the Howlibird"). He occasionally leaves the village in order to obtain the necessary ingredients for his potions.

Voice actors

 * Richard Muller (1961-1969, The Smurfs)
 * Bill Owen (1979; The Smurfs and the Magic Flute)
 * Don Messick (1981–1990; The Smurfs, Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue)
 * Bill Capizzi/Michael Sorich (1983; The Smurfs and the Magic Flute)
 * Jack Angel (2011–2013; The Smurfs Dance Party', The Smurfs: A Christmas Carol, The Smurfs: The Legend of Smurfy Hollow)
 * Jonathan Winters (The Smurfs, The Smurfs 2)
 * Mandy Patinkin (Smurfs: The Lost Village, 2017)
 * Scott Innes (briefly)
 * David Freeman (Smurfs Reboot)
 * John Goodman (The Smurfs Movie)

Names in other languages
The character's name variates in other languages, when translated (Papa/Daddy Smurf, Great/Big Smurf, Old Smurf)
 * Czech: Taťka Šmoula
 * Croatian: Papa Štrumpf
 * Danish: Gammelsmølf
 * Dutch/Flemish: Grote Smurf
 * Finnish: Suursmurffi
 * French: Le Grand Schtroumpf
 * German: Großer Schlumpf / Papa Schlumpf
 * Hungarian: Törpapa
 * Italian: Grande Puffo
 * Polish: Papa Smerf
 * Portuguese: Papai / Grande Smurf
 * Slovenian: Ata Smrk
 * Spanish: Papá Pitufo
 * Swedish: Gammelsmurf
 * Turkish: Şirin Baba

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Papa Smurf


text:
Talk:L'Histoire du soldat

To do
– flamurai (t)
 * 1) Expand information about music and make into its own section.
 * 2) Add notes about the percussion part: Stravinsky's meticulous scoring, how it's often played incorrectly.
 * 3) Add notes about different versions of the score and recordings conducted by Stravinsky
 * 4) Make it clear that the piece is notable more for the music than the story.
 * 5) Explain historical significance … 1917 revolution; scaled down from Stravinsky's "big three" ballets; etc. Find sources.

Joseph Dupraz, a Russian soldier? What is he doing between Denges and Denezy, then????? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Arsitarque (talk • contribs) 02:44, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

I have no desire to be an editor, so I am adding this comment merely to make a suggestion for any future editor: The Soldier's Tale is Stravinsky's most frequently choreographed piece, outnumbering even The Rite of Spring by about two to one. It has been choreographed by virtually every major choreographer and many, many minor ones (disclaimer: I have also choreographed it). Therefore there is no reason whatsoever to mention merely a couple of versions of it, especially since those versions are not even particularly important ones. Granted one of them was presented by a major dance company, but so were many, many of the other versions. DudleyBrooks (talk) 05:48, 25 May 2013 (UTC)

Histoire or L'Histoire?
I'm confused already after reading the first 5 words of the lede. --  Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  19:18, 29 July 2015 (UTC)
 * The article should probably be moved to L'Histoire du soldat. In any case, the 1st sentence could be simplified to "L'Histoire du soldat (The Soldier's Tale) is a …". -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 10:31, 30 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Done. Thanks.  --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  11:14, 30 July 2015 (UTC)

This may need to be revisited. The K Catalog (http://www.kcatalog.org/index.php/browse-chapters/kcatalog/217-k029-soldier-s-tale) says firmly 'Not L’Histoire du Soldat. The version with an article harks back to the concert suite Grande Suite de L’histoire du Soldat, where, given the structural understanding of the French language, a definite article is called for in genitive case. The title as printed on the interior page appears correctly without article.'. As indicated,t he title page of the score has no article.GRoe (talk) 14:32, 16 May 2021 (UTC)
 * The people at kcatalog.org are certainly firm in their statement about the title. There's still the question whether WP:COMMONNAME will trump them. It seems there is a considerable number of sources using L'Histoire, but it's not overwhelming. Maybe our previous decision was based on too much trust in our French colleagues who use fr:L'Histoire du soldat and don't even have a redirect at fr:Histoire du soldat, despite some incoming links there (including at fr:Charles Ferdinand Ramuz!). I agree that it could be moved back to . -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 03:01, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:L'Histoire du soldat


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tennerage

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE (already userfied during voting, will delete redirect from main namespace). jni 20:01, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Tennerage
I think the author was trying to make a user page, correct me if I'm wrong, and that's he's not making an article instead. -- Riffsyphon1024 11:21, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Please do not attempt mistake this for a user page, rather, think of it as a person's foray into creating the abstract meaning for a new word.
 * The author does not wish to infringe on any rules enforced by the wikipedia organisation, however, and will not discourage article-removal for consistency's sake.
 * Please note: the author also dislikes having to refer to himself in nameless third person. It is purely for anonymity. -- tennerage 9:58PM, 27 Feb 2005 (CST)
 * Then it only gives me more reason to submit this for deletion. Wikipedia's articles are for notable people only. If you wish you keep this page, I suggest you become a Wikipedian, and place this on your user page, which cannot face deletion. -- Riffsyphon1024 11:34, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I have to admit, from its inception I thought I didn't have a great chance; however there is the possibility that I will become notable from being one of the who's who on Wikipedia dot com. If that isn't notoreity on the Internet, then I have to beg the question: what is? (intended as rhetoric). I'm also a bit frazzled over the seemingly inconsistent formatting that certain tags seem to induce, such as line breaks and unordered list tags (your statements merely format themselves, while I have to be finicky). -- tennerage 10:09PM, 27 Feb 2005 (CST)
 * The easiest thing for you to do is go into edit for this "article", copy everything, start your user page, edit it, and paste everything there. The photos will move just as well. Then I can do whatever with this remnant. I then assume at that point that you will be a contributor to this site in general knowledge, and not trying to make yourself a notable one. For me, my user page states I am here, and states my various edits and creations, but I am nothing special; I just do what I like to do. Also note that even if you became notable somehow, you wouldn't be able to write your own article, because it would natually be filled with POV. Now if you don't mind it's nearly 6 am, and I must rest. Others will come to express their opinions soon. -- Riffsyphon1024 11:51, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Well this is a predicament. I hope somebody with a good sense of.. acceptance.. appreciates my side of the farce.--Tennerage 11:56, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - farce is one way of putting it. Nevermind, all's well that ends well. Nick04 13:29, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity.  --BM 14:18, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious deletion material. I took the liberty of userfying the page by using the "Move" function. Does anybody have any objections to that? / Uppland 14:34, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * That is what I was hoping to do. Teach me how to do that. -- Riffsyphon1024 22:25, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Use the "Move" tab, but put "User:" in front of the name. Only works if the user hasn't already created a User page, of course. Niteowlneils 14:16, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 22:40, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Note. Since the article has been moved to the user's namespace, I assume that we aren't voting for whether the User:Tennerage page should be deleted. I therefore took the liberty of removing the tag from that page. I wasn't able to place a new one on the redirect page, however — something to do with how the page is instantiated. — Asbestos |  Talk  23:04, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Since the article has been moved into the User namespace, the leftover redirect can be speedy-deleted under case R2. I recommend we wait 24 hours to confirm that this is non-controversial.  Rossami (talk) 08:02, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * What's controversial is the implication that I'm vain! It was application of my artistic license for educational and/or entertainment purposes. As far as 'deleting the redirect' goes, I wouldn't discourage you from leaving it there as a figurehead, so to speak, of the event :). Keep in mind the future likelihood of the 'word' ever officially being defined and/or incorporated in something encyclopaedia-worthy! --Tennerage 13:08, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Note "vanity" on vfd has a different meaning than most verbal usages. Wikipedia is not intended to serve "entertainment purposes". Only ten displayed hits for tennerage. Not encyclopedic. Also note there is no "Wikipedia dot com"--it redirects to "dot org", as WP only has non-profit motives. Niteowlneils 14:16, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy (as has been done) with no redirect. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 21:31, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Ashton, West Northamptonshire

Ashton is a village in West Northamptonshire about 1 mi southeast of Roade village close to the Northampton to Milton Keynes A508, ca.3 mi south of junction 15 of the M1 motorway, 6 mi south of Northampton and 11 mi north of Milton Keynes. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 395. The village is about 67 mi north of London via the M1 junction 15. The West Coast Main Line intersects the village on its eastern side.

The villages name means 'At the ash-trees'.

Governance
The village has a Parish Council and the Ashton website publishes name of councillors and their proceedings.

Notable buildings
The church is dedicated to St Michael with the oldest parts 13th and 14th century. It was extensively restored in 1895. There are various monuments:
 * Sir Philip de Lou (d.14th century)
 * Sir John de Herteshull (c.1365)
 * Robert Marriot (d.1584) and his family

The popular pub the Old Crown Inn, on Stoke Road also serves meals.

The village has a single Church of England primary school: Ashton C of E Primary School.

title: Ashton, West Northamptonshire


text:
As-Sirāt

As-Sirāt (الصراط) is, according to Islam, the bridge over which every person must pass on the Yawm al-Qiyamah (lit. 'Day of Resurrection') in order to enter Jannah (lit. 'Paradise').

It is mentioned in the Quran, and is described in the Hadith. As-Sirāt is said to be thinner than a strand of hair and as sharp as the sharpest knife or sword (because of its danger). Below this path are the fires of Hell, which burn the sinners to make them fall. Those who performed acts of goodness in their lives are transported across the path in speeds according to their deeds leading them to the Hawd al-Kawthar (lit. 'Pond of Abundance').

Etymology
Early Muslim writers were uncertain on how to spell this word as it was rendered صراط, سراط and زراط. They were equally uncertain of its gender. It appears ultimately to be the Hellenised στράτα of strata (lit. 'street'), which entered Arabic via.

Background
On Judgement Day, after the dead have been resurrected, assembled, and judged by God, the saved and the damned now being clearly distinguished, the souls will traverse over hellfire via the bridge of As-Sirāt. The faithful will "move easily and swiftly across a broad path", led first of all by Muhammad and other leading lights of the community on their way to Jannah; those judged guilty of sin but still considered to be mu'minun (lit. 'believers') will fall from the bridge into jahannam (lit. 'hellfire') but remain there only for a limited period of purgation; unbelievers, however, will find the bridge has become "sharper than a sword and thinner than a hair" and darkness blinds their way. Their inevitable fall from the bridge will be an "inescapable descent" into their fiery destination of everlasting punishment.

Quran
This specific event is not mentioned in the Quran but is said to be based on verses Q.36:66 and Q.37:23-24, although both sets "are rather indefinite". Only Q.37:23-24 mentions hell in the form of al-jahīm. On this Day We will seal their mouths, their hands will speak to Us, and their feet will testify to what they used to commit.

Had We willed, We could have easily blinded their eyes, so they would struggle to find their way. How then could they see? ˹They will be told,˺ "This is the Day of ˹Final˺ Decision which you used to deny."

˹Allah will say to the angels,˺ "Gather ˹all˺ the wrongdoers along with their peers, and whatever they used to worship

instead of Allah, then lead them ˹all˺ to the path of Hell [ṣirāṭ al-jahīm].

And detain them, for they must be questioned."

˹Then they will be asked,˺ "What is the matter with you that you can no longer help each other?"

Q.37:21-25 Neither set of verses mentions a bridge nor falling into hell, but Ṣirāṭ al-jahīm "was adopted into Islamic tradition to signify the span over jahannam, the top layer of the Fire".

In the hadith about "the bridge" or a bridge to hell or a bridge between heaven and hell, or over hell. According to one Sahih al-Bukhari hadith: "'... We, the companions of the Prophet said, 'O Allah's Apostle! What is the bridge?' He said, 'It is a slippery (bridge) on which there are clamps and (Looks like) a thorny seed that is wide at one side and narrow at the other and has thorns with bent ends. Such a thorny seed is found in Najd and is called As-Sa'dan. Some of the believers will cross the bridge as quickly as the wink of an eye, some others as quick as lightning, a strong wind, fast horses or she-camels. So some will be safe without any harm; some will be safe after receiving some scratches, and some will fall down going into Hell. The last person will cross by being dragged over the bridge.'"

In other religions
"The idea of a bridge crossing to the underworld has found expression in a number of different religious traditions" In Judaism, a version of this doctrine is espoused by Philo of Alexandria in De Somniis, where he interprets "Jacob's ladder" as symbolic of the aerial realm, the air between heaven and earth, through which departed spirits ascend before either united to God or falling back to earth to be reincarnated. The Zohar also seems to have a similar view. (Zohar 1, 99a & b) Zoroastrianism also has this idea. The Chinvat bridge, which occurs in the Gathas of Zarathushtra, has many similarities and is a close concept to As-Sirat. S. G. F. Brandon quotes the Dāstan-i Mēnōk-i Krat " ... pursued by the malevolence of the evildoer Wrath who bears a bloody spear, (the soul) will come to the Bridge of the Requiter, lofty and dreadful, for thither must saved and damned alike proceed." The Chinvat Bridge is also referred to many times in both Avestan and Pahlavi literature.

Certain forms of Christianity also feature a similar bridge or passage, such as the Brig of Dread in folk Western Christianity, or the passage through the aerial toll houses in Eastern Orthodoxy.

Manichaeism calls this path to heaven or paradise the "Pillar of Glory" and identifies it with the Milky Way. Like the versions of this doctrine in Philo and the Kabbalah, the Manichaean account entails reincarnation as a possibility resulting from falling off the path or turning back.

Cultural references
American science fiction author Frank Herbert adopted the idea for his novel Dune. In the Orange Catholic Bible, life is described as a journey across the Sirat, with "Paradise on my Right, Hell on my Left, and the Angel of Death Behind".

There is a Persian curse "meet you [at] Sirat".

title: As-Sirāt


text:
Shuya, Ivanovo Oblast

Shuya (Шу́я) is the third largest town in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. The town is built on the high left bank of the navigable Teza river, a tributary of the Klyazma river, with two suburbs on the right bank. Population: 18,968 (in 1897); 19,560 (in 1882).

Shuya is one of the chief centers of the cotton and linen industries in central Russia.

Middle Ages
The first record of Shuya is dated by 1393. Annalists mention princes of Shuya in 1403. Since 1403, the area was held by a branch of the House of Suzdal, which got their name "Shuysky" after the town. In 1539, the town was sacked by Safa Giray of Kazan. In 1566, it was taken by Ivan the Terrible as his personal property into Oprichnina.

In 1722, Shuya was visited by Peter the Great, who launched textile manufacturing there. The town's first linen manufactures were established in 1755. Town status was granted to it in 1778.

Modern era
By the 19th century, Shuya was developed into a major flax-processing center, although it has been since superseded in importance by the neighboring town of Ivanovo.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Shuya serves as the administrative center of Shuysky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Town of Shuya—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the Town of Shuya is incorporated as Shuya Urban Okrug.

Architecture

Nikolo-Shartomsky Monastery, situated 12 km from Shuya, has one of the largest monastic communities in Russia. It was first mentioned in 1425. It has a cathedral from 1652 and a refectory church from 1678.

The belltower of the Resurrection Cathedral in Shuya is the tallest freestanding bell tower in the world.

Notable people
Notable people from Shuya include peasant Feodor Vassilyev, whose first wife still holds the world record for most children ever born (sixty-nine). Mikhail Frunze led textile workers in the town in a strike action during the Revolution of 1905.

Economy
According to the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, tanneries, especially for the preparation of sheepskins—widely renowned throughout Russia—still maintain their importance, although this industry has migrated to a great extent to the country districts. The cathedral (1799) is a large building, with five gilt cupolas. Nearly every village in the vicinity has a specialty of its own—bricks, pottery, wheels, toys, packing-boxes, looms and other weaving implements, house furniture, sieves, combs, boots, gloves, felt goods, candles, and so on.

As of 1911, the manufacture of linen and cotton in the villages, as well as the preparation and manufacture of sheepskins and rough gloves, occupied about 40,000 peasants. The Shuya merchants carry on an active trade in these products all over Russia, and in corn, spirits, salt and other food stuffs, imported.

title: Shuya, Ivanovo Oblast


text: Talk:Gordon Marshall (sociologist)

title: Talk:Gordon Marshall (sociologist)


text:
User talk:Ta bu shi da yu/copyedit

Do you take requests? — mark ✎ 11:28, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure :-) no guarantee I'll get them done, but why not? - Ta bu shi da yu 12:00, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ta bu shi da yu/copyedit


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/VirginXL

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge and redirect to Virgin Mobile USA. —Korath (Talk) 22:36, Mar 12, 2005 (UTC)

VirginXL
Advertising. Author also created *MTV, listed below. --Plek 11:29, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, not advertising, product from notable company. Kappa 11:55, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- Longhair 12:00, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, doesn't read like advertising to me, notable company. Nick04 13:23, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Virgin Mobile, as it is one of their many services. Radiant! 10:24, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.  Doesn't merit a separate article and shouldn't be a redirect.   VirginXL is a marketing name for the faster of two data services offered by Virgin Mobile USA, currently accessible from only one phone.  The other data service is VirginXtras, which also doesn't merit a separate article.   Virgin Mobile USA itself is only a one paragraph article.  There is also List of Virgin Mobile USA phones.    Virgin Mobile, which describes the British parent company, is only one paragraph too. Someone has gone to town creating a whole series of short one paragraph articles on Virgin Mobile.  All the content in all of these articles would be no more than 3 paragraphs total, which would say little more than that Virgin Group has started a cell phone service in the UK, US, and Australia, in partnership with various networks and content providers, like MTV.   Is there a prize or something for upping the article count?  --BM 13:15, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Second choice merge redir. Mostly agree with what User:BM says, except that leaving redirs at all these one-offs reduces chances of re-creation of these articles. Same for VirginXtras--keep it all in the same article until size constraints dictate otherwise. Artificially upping article count is NOT what Wikipedia is about. I try to assume good faith, but the anon contrib's contribs to date are exclusively to promote Virgin Mobile. Hopefully this is just a case of someone trying to "share" something they recently decided was a 'good deal'. Niteowlneils 13:53, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Recycling Troll 09:57, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect or delete outright. Obvious attempt to hijack Wikipedia for advertsing and promotion. --Calton 00:37, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. Oh look, someone has - David Gerard 00:22, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Count of the Saxon Shore

The Count of the Saxon Shore for Britain (comes littoris Saxonici per Britanniam) was the head of the Saxon Shore military command of the later Roman Empire.

The post was possibly created during the reign of Constantine I, and was probably in existence by AD 367 when Nectaridus is elliptically referred to as such a leader by Ammianus Marcellinus. The Count's remit covered the southern and eastern coasts of Roman Britain during a period of increasing maritime raids from barbarian tribes outside the empire. The Count was one of three commands covering Britain at the time, along with the northern Dux Britanniarum and central Comes Britanniarum.

Originally, the command may have covered both sides of the English Channel as well as Britain's western coast, as Carausius's position had, but by the end of the 4th century the role had been diminished and Gaul had its own dux tractus Armoricani and dux Belgicae Secundae.

In 367, a series of invasions from Picts, Franks, Saxons, Scots and Attacotti appears to have defeated the army of Britain and resulted in the death of Nectaridus. Under Count Theodosius's reforms, the command was reorganised slightly. Although Ammianus speaks of a 'conspiracy of the savages,' he states that the Saxons and Francs attacked the Gallic (French) regions, while in Britain, the savages in question were only Picts, Scots and Attacotti. Eutropius had already spoken of the channel being cleared by Carausius, since the Armorican and Belgian coasts had been 'infested' with Francs and Saxons.

The 5th-century Notitia Dignitatum lists the names of the Saxon Shore forts, from Norfolk to Hampshire that were under the Count's command. Further stations up the North Sea coast were probably also his responsibility. Forces he controlled were classified as limitanei, or frontier troops. In 401 many of his soldiers appear to have been withdrawn for the defence of Italy, rendering Britain much more vulnerable to attack. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, the eighth fort 'Anderida' was stormed by Saxons in 491, and the British garrison and inhabitants exterminated.

title: Count of the Saxon Shore


text:
Joy to the World (disambiguation)

"Joy to the World" is a Christmas carol written by Isaac Watts/George Frideric Handel.

Joy to the World may also refer to:

Music

 * Joy to the World (Mormon Tabernacle Choir album)
 * Joy to the World (Connie Smith album)
 * Joy to the World (Faith Hill album)
 * Joy to the World (Pink Martini album)
 * Joy To The World: A Bluegrass Christmas, a 2009 album by Charlie Daniels
 * "Joy to the World" (Three Dog Night song)
 * "Joy to the World" (Phelps), an adaptation of Watts' lyrics by early Latter Day Saint leader William W. Phelps
 * "Joy to the World", a song by Combichrist from the album The Joy of Gunz
 * Joy to the World (Lincoln Brewster album)
 * Joy to the World: Their Greatest Hits, a Three Dog Night album
 * Joy To The World, a song by Flow and Kiba of Akiba

Other

 * "Joy to the World" (Doctor Who), a 2024 Christmas special of the television series Doctor Who
 * "Joy to the World" (House), an episode of the television series House

title: Joy to the World (disambiguation)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/*MTV

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep.

Please note that 66.31.151.24 (talk · contributions) eventually changed this article into a redirect to MTV, which does not seem to be the consensus here. I am thus reverting back to the pre-VfD stage. If this is wrong, please feel free to let me know or revert my changes. --Deathphoenix 23:57, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC)

*MTV
Advertising. Author also created VirginXL, listed above. --Plek 11:33, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup. Probably from a newby who doesn't know wikipedia's style, I doubt that the guys from MTV are going around spamming wikipedia, and if they were it would look a bit more sophisticated. Kappa 11:53, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * "More sophisticated"? How can you say that? There's nothing inherently subtle or sophisticated about marketing people -- look at last year's Super Bowl commercials. --Calton 00:35, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- and cleanup. Longhair 11:56, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, doesn't read like advertising to me. Nick04 13:25, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Virgin Mobile. Does this really merit its own article when its part of the Virgin Mobile service? I can't see it expanding much. Megan1967 23:06, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's an MTV product, not a Virgin Mobile product.  RickK 23:32, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Virgin Mobile--nixie 08:34, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't have a Virgin Mobile USA phone. Am I doing something wrong?   — J I P | Talk 09:58, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No, you're not doing anything wrong. It's just that the overzealous deletionists seem to be out tonight...  - Eric Herboso  10:38, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. A three sentence article that says that for the Virgin Mobile USA phone, MTV is offering a service with music news, alerts, some games, and access to the "MTV community" via text messaging.   This factoid does not merit a separate article, and if it is of interest to anyone can be edited into the MTV or Virgin Mobile articles.  --BM 12:39, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge/redir to either MTV or Virgin Mobile. Just some random co-marketing campaign like SBC Yahoo!. Here today, gone tomorrow. Nice to see that Civility and Assume good faith apparently have been suspended 'tonight'. :/ Niteowlneils 13:25, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No offense intended, of course. Just consider me another inclusionist attempting to keep info on obscure topics alive...  - Eric Herboso  02:03, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Agree with RickK, our latest convert to inclusionism.  —RaD Man (talk) 02:11, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, concur with Megan. Radiant! 08:28, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Recycling Troll 09:57, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect or delete outright. It's pure advertising. --Calton 00:35, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/*MTV


text:
Huizhou

Huizhou is a city in central-east Guangdong Province, China, forty-three miles north of Hong Kong. Huizhou borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the west, Shenzhen and Dongguan to the southwest, Shaoguan to the north, Heyuan to the northeast, Shanwei to the east, and Daya Bay of the South China Sea to the south. As of the 2020 census, the city has about 6,042,852 inhabitants and is administered as a prefecture-level city. Huizhou's core metropolitan area, which is within Huicheng and Huiyang Districts, is home to around 2,090,578 inhabitants.

History
During the Song dynasty, Huizhou was a prefectural capital of the Huiyang prefecture and the cultural center of the region.

The West Lake in Huizhou was formerly known as Feng Lake. At the age of 59, Su Shi was exiled to Huizhou by the imperial government of Song. When he visited Feng Lake in Huizhou, he found it located in the west of the city and was as beautiful as West Lake in Hangzhou. Therefore, he renamed it the West Lake. In order to solve the traffic problems on both sides of West Lake, he invested to help build two bridges. Later generations named bridges as the bridge Su Di to commemorate his achievements. And the two bridges in the West Lake becomes one of the eight scenic spots in the West Lake, called "Su Di Play Moon".

Huizhou used to be a prosperous region, specializing in commerce and trading, which changed during the 20th century due to wars. After the 1980s, Huizhou developed as a manufacturing base.

Historical demographics
In ancient China, Huizhou and Heyuan were a part of the remote Lingnan region. In pre-Tang times, the population included Baiyue peoples (Zhuang, Yao, Hmong, Tanka, and She) but very few Han Chinese aside from imperial Chinese soldiers. According to the Huiyang County annals (2003), during the late Yuan dynasty (14th century), what is now Huizhou had only 45,410 inhabitants in 9,545 households. That corresponds to one household or five people per square kilometer. Most of the 6 million inhabitants in Huizhou and Heyuan are descended from people who migrated during the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties and during the Qing dynasty after the Great Clearance.

Population
According to the 2020 census, the city's permanent population was 6,042,852, representing an increase of 1,444,450 people, or 31.43%, from the 2010 census. Between 2000 and 2010, the average annual increase over that 10-year period was 3.64%. As of 2010, the population included 2,419,258 males (52.63%) and 2,177,744 females (47.37%), for a sex ratio of 111.09 males for every 100 females. There were 809,270 children aged 0–14 (17.6%); 3,517,928 people aged 15–64 (76.53%), and 269,804 people aged 65 and older (5.87%).

Ethnicity
The majority of Huizhou's residents are Han Chinese, with a population of 3,617,800, 97.69% of Huizhou's population. There are 85,500 residents of minority ethnic groups, including Yao and She, representing 2.31% of the population. The Han population includes Hakka and Hoklo people. The Hakka are distributed widely in each district and county of the prefecture-level city, and Huizhou has Hakka walled villages. The Hoklo are concentrated in Boluo County and Huidong County. In Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, there are more than 800,000 people of Huizhou ancestry.

Economy
Located in the Pearl River Delta, Huizhou is one of the 9 prefecture-level cities in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone (include Huizhou urban area, Huiyang, Huidong and Boluo only). TCL, a major TV and multinational consumer electronics company is headquartered in Huizhou.

Huizhou Dayawan Economic and Technological Development Zone
The Huizhou Daya Bay Economic and Technological Development Zone (DBETDZ) was approved by the State Council in 1993. It had an initial area of 9.98 km2, and in 2006, the State Council expanded the zone to 23.6 km2 in three phases.

Industries encouraged in the zone include Automobile Production/Assembly, Chemical Production and Processing and Electronics Assembly & Manufacturing.

Huizhou Export Processing Zone
The Huizhou Export Processing Zone was approved by Guangdong Provincial Government as a subzone of DBETDZ in June 2005. The planned area was 3 km2 in size. The zone was considered suitable for companies focusing on electronics, auto parts, textiles and chemicals.

Huizhou Zhongkai High-tech Industrial Development Zone
The Huizhou Zhongkai High-tech Industrial Development Zone is connected with Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Dongguan by the Huizhou-Shenzhen Highway, Guangzhou-Huizhou Highway and Dongguan-Huizhou Highway. The Beijing-Kowloon Railway and Huizhou-Aotou Railway also run through the zone, linking it with Beijing, Hong Kong, and other cities along the railway. Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport is a one-and-a-half hour drive from the zone.

The Huizhou Zhongkai HIDZ has also established electronics, information technology and optical-, mechanical- and electronic-integration as its major industries. It also encourages investment in new materials, telecommunications, and other high-tech industries. The zone is one of the National Electronic Information Industry Bases and National Video and Audio Products Parks in China.

Administration
The prefecture-level city of Huizhou administers 5 county-level divisions, including 2 districts and 3 counties.

Transport
Huicheng, the urban center of Huizhou, is served by the Jingjiu Railway (also known as the Guangmeishan Railway in Guangdong) with two stations: Huizhou West and Huizhou. Huizhou itself is vast as Los Angeles County with sparse rail service as compared with bay peer cities.

Huizhou Pingtan Airport reopened in 2015. Additionally the town is about a one and one half-hour drive by bus from Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport. There are also coach bus services connecting Huizhou with Hong Kong International Airport.

A mass rapid transit linking it to Shenzhen was under construction.

In April 2018, the China Daily announced that the world's first automatic railroad was currently under construction between Dongguan and Huizhou. As a pilot project, it would contain ten railway stations, driverless trains and robotic assistance for passengers with luggage and tickets.

Language
The main languages spoken in Huizhou are Hakka Chinese (Huiyang dialect), Huizhou dialect, Hokkien dialect, and Cantonese.

Military
Huizhou is the headquarters of the 42nd Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the two group armies that comprise the Guangzhou Military Region responsible for the defense of China's southern coast and its border with Vietnam.

Education
Educational facilities in Huizhou include:
 * Huizhou University
 * Huizhou Radio and Television University
 * Huizhou Nanshan School
 * Medi's International school

Sport
Huizhou is a well-known city of sports in China with the opening of Huizhou Olympic Stadium in 2010.

Climate
Huizhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cwa). Summers are long, hot and humid. Winters are short, mild and dry.

Daya Bay
Daya Bay is located to the southeast of Huizhou City, on the South China Sea, with waters covering an area of nearly 500 km2. There are nearly 100 islands and reefs in the bay. The climate is described as a typical subtropical oceanic climate, with temperatures averaging 21.8 C over the year. Historically, Daya Bay had whales and turtles. The bay was one of the breeding grounds along the southern coast of China for Asian population of gray whales which are now one of the most endangered whale population in the world. They migrated here to calve in the winter-spring seasons. Other species, such as humpback whales also migrated here historically. All of these were wiped out by Japanese whalers established whaling stations on various sites on Chinese coasts including at nearby Daya Bay. Critically endangered Chinese white dolphins and occasional whales such as humpbacks have been confirmed in the bay recent years.

Twin towns – sister cities
Huizhou is twinned with:
 * 🇦🇹 Hallstatt, Austria
 * 🇨🇦 North Vancouver, Canada
 * 🇺🇸 Milpitas, United States

Friendly cities

 * Apia, Samoa
 * 🇰🇷 Seongnam, South Korea
 * Worcester, England, United Kingdom

title: Huizhou


text:
Nanded

Nanded is a city in Maharashtra state, India. It is the tenth largest city in the state and the seventy-ninth most populated city in India. It is the second largest city in Marathwada region. It is the district headquarters of Nanded district.

Guru Gobind Singh established camp in Nanded and the Gurgaddi was transferred to him. One of the Panj Takhts of Sikhi, Hazur Sahib is located in the city of Nanded. It was here that Guru Gobind Singh initiated Madho Daas whom became Banda Singh Bahadur one of the famous leaders of the Khalsa Panth whom played a role during the downfall of the Mughal Empire.

Location
Nanded is located on the banks of river Godavari in west-central India. Nanded district borders Latur district, Parbhani district and Hingoli district to the west and Yavatmal district to the north. The district is bordered by the Nizamabad, Kamareddy, Nirmal and Adilabad districts of Telangana state to the east and Bidar district of Karnataka state to the south.

Nanded has two parts: Old Nanded 20.62 km2 occupies the north bank of the Godavari river; New Nanded, to the south of the river, 31.14 km2 encompasses Waghala and neighbourhoods.

Etymology
From a copper plate inscription found at Washim, a town approximately 150 km north of Nanded, archaeologists deduce the city was formerly known as (नंदितट). Another name was. Folklore suggests that the name "Nanded" developed from the Vahana of Shiva. Shiva was said to have performed penance on the banks of the Godavari river. This "" later became "Nanded".

History
Nanded is mentioned in Mahabharata as place of Bharat's maternal grandparents. In the 1st century CE, power in the area lay with the Andhrabhrtyas and Satvahanas. In the 5th and 4th centuries BCE, Nanded was ruled by the Nanda dynasty. In the 3rd century BCE (about 272 to 231 BCE), it was part of the Maurya Empire under Ashoka. Local irrigation practices and Nanded itself are recorded in the treatise, Leela Charitra (late 1200s CE). Nanded was the birthplace of three Marathi poet-saints—Vishnupant Shesa, Raghunath Shesa, and Vaman Pandit Construction of Kandhar Fort, located in Kandhar, is attributed to the Rashtrakuta king Krishna III of Malkheda who ruled around 10th century CE.

From 1636, Nanded was the centre of governance of Nizam State, which includes present-day Telangana and Karnataka, and was an imperial province of the Mughal Badshah (emperor) Shah Jahan. In 1657, Nanded merged into Bidah Subah. Guru Nanak (1469 – 1539 CE) passed through Nanded on his way to Sri Lanka. Guru Gobind Singh (1666 – 1708 CE) arrived in Nanded with the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I (1643 – 1712 CE) near the end of August in 1707 CE. When Bahadur Shah moved on to Golconda, Guru Gobind Singh remained in Nanded. Guru Gobind Singh proclaimed he was the last (tenth) living guru and established the sacred text, the Guru Granth Sahib as an eternal "living" leader. Guru Gobind Singh died without a lineal descendant due to the martyrdom of his four sons.

In 1725, Nanded became part of Hyderabad State. In about 1835, Maharaja Ranjit Singh commissioned the construction of a gurdwara at Nanded with the financial aid of Sikander Jah (3rd Nizam of hyderabad) It was built on the site of Guru Gobind Singh's cremation. The gurdwara is part of the Hazur Sahib.

After India gained independence in 1947, the Indian Armed Forces annexed Hyderabad and ended the rule of the Nizam in Operation Polo, making Nanded part of the new Hyderabad State. Nanded remained part of the Hyderabad state until 1956 when it was included in the Bombay Presidency.

On 1 May 1960, Maharashtra state was created on a linguistic basis and the Marathi dominant Nanded district became part of Maharashtra. In December 2022, 25 Nanded district villages renewed their demand to merge with Telangana.

Geography
Nanded urban area is 63.22 km2. Nanded is built on the Deccan Traps lava flows of the upper cretaceous to lower eocene eras. The lava flows are overlain by thin alluvial deposits. The lava flows are horizontal and each flow has two distinct units. The highly weathered vesicular trap and underlying weathered jointed and fractured massive trap constitutes the main water-yielding zones. The soil is mostly formed from igneous rocks and are black, medium black, shallow and calcareous types having different depths and profiles. Godavari River passes through the city.

Demographics
2011 census, Nanded had a population of 550,564. The municipality had a gender ratio of 924 females per 1,000 males. 12.4 percent of the population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 87.40 percent. 81.74 percent of women were literate. Male literacy was 92.68 percent.

Road
Nanded lies on NH 61 (Kalyan–Ahmednagar–Parbhani–Nanded–Nirmal), NH 361 (Nagpur–Wardha-Yavatmal–Nanded-Latur–Solapur–Sangli–Kolhapur–Ratnagiri) and NH 161 (Akola–Washim–Hingoli–Nanded–Degloor–Sangareddy). MSRTC buses connect Nanded to many cities of the Maharashtra state. TSRTC buses connect Nanded to some cities of the Telangana state.

Rail

Hazur Sahib Nanded railway station is located on the Secunderabad–Manmad line of Nanded railway division of the South Central Railway Zone (SCR). Nanded railway division is one of the six railway divisions under South Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. Around 48 trains arrive and depart each day from this station. Maltekdi railway station is another railway station serving city of Nanded.

Air
Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport operates flights to Delhi, Jodhpur, Bangalore, Jaipur, Hyderabad Star Airways operates flights

Economy
Crops grown around Nanded include cotton, bananas, sugarcane, mangoes, soya beans, sweet limes, Grapes, Papaya, and sorghum (jawar). Nanded has a Regional Cotton Research Center to support the Cotton-growing industry. There is an agricultural school operational under the aegis of Krishi Vidyapeeth of Parbhani.

Tourism is supported by 10 million annual visitors who are mostly religious pilgrims.

Education
On 17 September 1994, the Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University (SRTMU) was established in Nanded after a restructuring of the Marathwada University in Aurangabad. The university supervises the educational activities in senior colleges in four districts of Marathwada division.

Notable educational institutions in Nanded include the Dr. Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College and Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology.

Governance
The city of Nanded is managed by the Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation (NWCMC). The corporation consists of 81 democratically elected members. The Municipal Commissioner is the Chief Executive of the corporation.

Nanded fort
Nanded Fort, also known as Nandgiri Fort is a fort located on the banks of Godavari River. The Godavari River encloses the fort on three sides. The fort has been converted into a garden to attract tourists. There is a water tank constructed in the fort.

Mandir
The Vedic rituals are regularly performed on the ghats of Godavari River which include Urvashi Ghat, Ram Ghat, and Govardhan Ghat.

 * Shri Laxmi Narsimha Mandir, Old Mondha, New Bridge.
 * Kaleshwar Mandir, Vishnupuri
 * Shani Mandir, Mondha
 * Yagyavalkya Vedpathshala Saraswati Mandir, Shree Nagar
 * Shri Yadav Ahir Samaj Mahamai Mata Mandir, Devinagar
 * Ganpati Mandir, Trikut
 * Hanuman Mandir, Trikut
 * Datta Mandir, Trikut
 * Rajput Sangh Renuka Mata Mandir, Mahurgarh
 * Siddheshwar Mandir, Hottal – built during the Chalukya era, an example of Hemadpanti temple architecture.
 * Shiva Mandir, Tadkhel, Degloor Taluka – built with large stones displaying scripture by the Hindu king, Senapati.
 * Jagdamba Mata Mandir, Tadkhel
 * Shri Narsinh Mandir, Junna Kautha.

Gurdwara

 * Hazur Sahib was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. It is one of the Panj Takht, the five seats of higher authority for Sikhs. It is built at the site of cremation of Guru Gobind Singh. His remains and weapons are preserved at the site.
 * Gurdwara Nagina Ghat Sahib
 * Gurdwara Banda Ghat Sahib (Baba Banda Singh Bahadur)
 * Gurdwara Shikaar Ghat Sahib
 * Gurdwara Baoli Sahib
 * Gurdwara Heera Ghat
 * Gurdwara Mata Sahib
 * Gurdwara Maal Tekdi
 * Gurdwara Sangat Sahib
 * Gurdwara Nanakpuri Sahib (place of Guru Nanak)
 * Gurdwara Bhajangarh Sahib

Church

 * St. Francis De Sales Catholic Church
 * Methodist Church
 * Bethel AG Church
 * The Pentecostal Mission (Church)
 * Bethesda Ministries Church

Notable people

 * Banda Singh Bahadur, a Sikh military commander.
 * Datta Bhagat, an Ambedkarite author.
 * Ashok Chavan, former Chief Minister of Maharashtra state and former Member of Parliament of the Nanded Loksabha constituency.
 * Shankarrao Chavan, the former Chief minister and former Home minister of Maharashtra state.
 * Prataprao Govindrao Chikhalikar, current Member of Parliament and former MLA
 * Syed Sadatullah Husaini, president (Amir) of Jamaat-e-Islami Hind (JIH).
 * Kamalkishor Kadam, a former minister of education.
 * Nagnath Lalujirao Kottapalle, former Vice-chancellor of BAMU, an educationalist and an author.
 * Narhar Ambadas Kurundkar, a scholar, critic and author.
 * Vaman Pandit, a Marathi scholar and a poet.
 * Guru Gobind Singh, the last Sikh Guru who died in Nanded.

title: Nanded


text:
Baldia

Baldia (بلدیہ) may refer to:

 * The Urdu language word meaning municipal administration:
 * Baldia Town (بلدیہ ٹائون) in the City of Karachi
 * Baldia, Bangladesh
 * Baldia (worm), a genus in the family Capitellidae

title: Baldia