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Prodoxidae

The Prodoxidae are a family of moths, generally small in size and nondescript in appearance. They include species of moderate pest status, such as the currant shoot borer, and others of considerable ecological and evolutionary interest, such as various species of "yucca moths".

Description and affinities

Prodoxidae are a family of primitive monotrysian Lepidoptera. Some of these small-to-medium-sized moths are day flying, like Lampronia capitella, known to European gardeners as the currant shoot borer. Others occur in Africa and Asia. The other common genera are generally confined to dry areas of the United States. Tetragma gei feeds on mountain avens (Geum triflorum) in the US. Greya politella lay eggs in the flowers of Saxifragaceae there. Prodoxoides asymmetra occurs in Chile and Argentina, but all other prodoxid moth genera have a northern distribution. The enigmatic genus Tridentaforma is sometimes placed here and assumed to be close to Lampronia, while other authors consider it incertae sedis among the closely related family Adelidae.

Yucca moths and coevolution
"Yucca moths" have a remarkable biology. They are famous for an old and intimate relationship with Yucca plants and are their obligate pollinators as well as herbivores. Interactions of these organisms range from obligate mutualism to commensalism to outright antagonism. Their bore holes are a common sight on trunks of such plants as the soaptree yucca. Two of the three yucca moth genera in particular, Tegeticula and Parategeticula, have an obligate pollination mutualism with yuccas. Yuccas are only pollinated by these moths, and the pollinator larvae feed exclusively on yucca seeds; the female moths use their modified mouthparts to insert the pollen into the stigma of the flowers, after having oviposited in the ovary, where the larvae feed on some (but not all) of the developing ovules. This obligate pollination mutualism is similar to the mutualistic relationship between the senita cactus and the senita moth. Species of the third genus of yucca moths, Prodoxus, are not engaged in the pollination mutualism, nor do the larvae feed on developing seeds. Their eggs are deposited in fruits and leaves, where they eat and grow, not emerging until fully mature. One species of yucca moth, Tegeticula intermedia, betrays this obligate mutualism by not pollinating the yucca while still laying its eggs on the host plant, cheating the yucca out of any benefits from this relationship.

Coevolution is particularly important in evolutionary biology as it demonstrates increased genetic variance between two organisms that have strong interactions, resulting in increased fitness generally for both species. In an effort to further investigate the traits that have evolved as a result of coevolution, Pellmyr and his team utilized a phylogenetic framework to observe the evolution of active pollination and specializing effects of the yucca moths which eventually lead to the loss of nectar in the genus of yucca plants, requiring them to have Prodoxidae moths around to reproduce. The moths in this case, specifically Tegeticula and Parategeticula, pollinate yucca flower purposefully, and lay their eggs in the flowers. The larvae of the moths rely on yucca seeds as nourishment and this is also cost inflicted on the plants to maintain the mutualism. After setting up a test experiment which involved pairing species of Prodoxidae with different host plants, the results have shown that moths that were able to develop a pollination-type relationship with the new plant species were more successful and would better be able to reproduce than moths that were unable to do so.

Another study takes a look at coevolution as a primary driver of change and diversification in the yucca moth and the Joshua tree, more commonly known as the yucca palm. The researchers tested this hypothesis by setting up a differential selection of two species of yucca moths and two corresponding species of yucca palms which they pollinate. The study showed floral traits involving pollination evolved substantially more rapidly than other flower features. The study then looks at phylogeny and determines that coevolution is the major evolutionary force behind diversification in the yucca palms when pollinated moths were present. The researchers of the Joshua tree show that setting up phylogenetic patterns using maximum likelihood techniques, can be a powerful tool to analyze the divergence in species.

Researchers have again tried to demonstrate the absolute minimal level of evolution needed to secure a yucca plant and moth mutualism. The researchers attempt to find an answer as to how integral coevolution was as the driving force behind various adaptions between the yucca moth and plant species. Phylogenetic examination was also used here to reconstruct the trait evolution of the pollinating yucca moths and their non-mutualistic variants. Certain mutualistic traits have predated the yucca moth-plant mutualism, such as larval feeding in the floral ovary; however, it suggests that other key traits linked to pollination were indeed a result of coevolution between the two species. It is integral to reiterate here that key traits such as tentacular appendages which help in pollen collection and pollinating behaviors evolved as a result of coevolution during a mutualism between moths and host plants. After collecting genetic information from dozens of differing Prodoxidae moths, including ones involved in ideal mutualisms such as Tegeticula, and mapping these extracted sequences using the BayesTraits clade forming algorithm, conclusions could be drawn about trait formation that differentiated the monophylum or clade of strict obligate pollinators in the family Prodoxidae from other moths that did not undergo mutualism.

title: Prodoxidae


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Neverside

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 02:44, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

Neverside
And yet, strangely, despite all this talk of how it has all been revamped and how good it is all going to be Real Soon Now, the site is seemingly incapable of hosting this simple content on its own web pages. Wikipedia is not a hosting service. Uncle G 17:44, 2005 Feb 7 (UTC)

 * Delete. Lovely spam, wonderful spam. --Modemac 18:34, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, Advertising and it's not something WP needs. Inter 20:34, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advertisment.  ElBenevolente 01:15, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as nn spam. GRider\talk 17:51, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Wikipedia:WikiProject Mountains/General Discussion Archive 1

Pictures in infobox
I don't think that pictures should be included in the infobox. In many cases, pictures won't add anything except bandwidth cost. In the other cases, specifying that a picture goes in the info box will reduce the flexibility in layout available to the article editors. Stewart Adcock 18:37, 21 Mar 2004 (UTC) (NB/ I'm assuming that in this context, picture means photograph.)

 * I would probably also vote not to include the picture as part of the infobox. I'm not sure what you meant about the bandwidth cost, whether it's in the infobox or in the main body of the article, how would that affect the bandwidth? I would think all articles deserve at least one picture, even if the mountain is not particularly interesting, given the premise that we tend to compare a mountain's beauty to other mountains. If we don't make the picture part of the infobox, my followup would be: should we define that it be placed in a particular location of the article? For example, at the top of the article. I think once we start on a prototype and see a few incarnations, we can get a better idea of what seems to work best. RedWolf 22:42, Mar 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * I like having pictures in infoboxes for the Tree of Life and for Solar system objects. See below for an initial stab at an infobox. --- hike395 05:56, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Geographical location
One thing that I think would be useful in the infobox is a thunbnail image of the world with the location of the mountain marked on it. This might take some work to create, but I think this would be extremely worthwhile. Stewart Adcock 18:37, 21 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I like this idea but I'm not a graphics artist so I couldn't be much help in creating these images. It would be a good alternative to having a mountain's picture in the infobox. RedWolf 22:42, Mar 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * Like RedWolf, I don't have the tools for making maps. However, given a lat/long, there are web pages that can plot maps. Should we deep link to them? I(I'm thinking of topozone.com for the US). There may be annoying licensing issues surrounding such links. -- hike395 05:56, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Location

There are a few features I like about it:
 * 1) It's simple. Some infoboxes have gotten extremely complex.
 * 2) The row "headers" are not done in bold (which I find ugly), but use a color to indicate row type. We could change the color, if people don't like green.

Note, I would follow Mav's policy of imperial / metric for mountains in the US, metric / imperial for mountains outside the US.

I'm reluctant to add mountaineering route-specific information to an infobox, because that data is non-unique (often there are many approaches to a mountain), and it is partially subjective and non-international (YDS isn't really calibrated, and Europeans probably don't find it intuitive, anyway).

I would love to add infoboxes to all of my favorite mountains. Let's work on this until we get a consensus. Thanks!! -- hike395 05:57, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Some initial thoughts: I like it, but the lat / long stuff can be on a single line called 'Location' or 'Geographic location' (with the continent in parens after the lat / long on the same line). Also the alternate units look like division to me - a more standard way of doing that would be to put the alternate units in parenthesis. The image should fill the white space in the box (I would even go so far as to remove the 'thumb' from the image code in order to get a better looking result - the box in a box looks ugly to me). We might also want to explore adding more info - such as mountain type (volcanic, techtonic, erosional...) and even subtype (type of volcano...). A heading color fill scheme may be nice for that. Age would also be an interesting thing to note (both of the mountain itself and its rocks). Oh ya, volume is always an interesting thing to note (at least for volcanoes), --mav 10:47, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I updated the table per mav's suggestions, the update shown to the right. The table is now constrained to be 5 pixels wider than the photo, elevation with parens, lat/long with decimal degrees, location in human-understandable form (new idea), type added(this could be either type of mountain or type of rock), age of rock added. The age of rock could be listed geologically, too (i.e., Quaternary)

I think volume is not a good thing to add to the infobox, because it is very difficult to estimate accurately --- where do you cut the mountain off at the bottom? And, so, there will be lots of different values in our primary sources, and a lot of editing back and forth. I propose that if people want to add it to the article, they should leave it in the text where it is easier to edit.

More comments? -- hike395 11:31, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Hearing no more comments, I'll move this infobox over to be the template, and start using it on some mountain pages. -- hike395 13:22, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

My comments on the initial infobox: RedWolf 02:58, Apr 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * I would like to see the mountain name using a background color like other infoboxes
 * I think that Age of rock must be made an optional row as I'm certainly not going to know that in a lot of cases.
 * should the labels be linked? (e.g. First ascent, latitude/longitude) This seems to be the standard used in other infoboxes.
 * what about topography map reference for a row?
 * what about difficulty of easiest ascent? I think we should stay away from specific grading systems like YDS and just state something like: scramble, basic rock climb, snow/ice climb, major undertaking/expedition.
 * I guess we can leave the which comes first: feet or metres to be country specific. Most of the world is going to use metres first (including Canada I dare say!) but I suspect feet will be primary for the USA.
 * What are the "Types" available?

 * Thanks for the comments, RedWolf. A possible update that reflects your comments is shown to the right.
 * At first, I liked having the colored text and no background color. But, I tried out the light sky blue background on the right, and after a few hours, I decided I liked it more. That blue is icy, like glaciers, so I thought it was appropriate. Also, it is light, so it doesn't interfere with the text contrast. So, I can put links on top of it and it looks fine. So, I think you are right, RedWolf: let's have a light blue background and links.
 * Are you talking about linking to a site like http://www.topozone.com or http://terraserver.homeadvisor.msn.com ? I'm not sure how they feel about deep linking into their web site. There may be licensing issues involved.
 * Not sure what types are available. I took a stab at some examples on the main page --- I would think that either a kind of mountain, like a volcano or horn, or a type of rock, like metamorphic or sedimentary would be fine.
 * Updated main page to reflect optional rows.
 * More comments? -- hike395 20:58, 10 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Yes, the light blue definitely better than that bright green you originally had (yup, I happened to see it before you changed it). Anyways, my followup comments:
 * I notice that Wilderness Area has color #B5954B at Infobox, which is a moderately dark brown. I originally envisioned a brown or a green for the mountains infobox just because of the association to rock color and forests. The light blue is another option due to association with sky.
 * I would prefer to see the Latitude/Longitude label fit on one line if possible if we are going to combine these two into one line. How about another term like Coordinates?
 * As well for Latitude/Longitude, I'm used to seeing it displayed in degrees, minutes, seconds format (e.g. 48° 55' 20" N)
 * I think "Type" should be linked to something but not sure what. The article is basically just going to be a list of possible types that one should choose from but this kind of list sounds to be better suited to MediaWiki. However, none of the other infoboxes I've seen have a MediaWiki link for the labels.
 * The straight HTML table code should be converted to Wiki table markup. I don't have a problem with the "raw" HTML but I think it's just better if we stick more with the Wiki format like they do with the Albums project.
 * As for the topo map reference, in Canada, Natural Resources Canada issues topo maps using the National Topographic System which divides the country into numbered sections and names. If someone else quotes a top map id such as 83E/03, it's easy to get that map from a map dealer by using that number. I was thinking of using the top map id in the info box (make this optional). I'm sure the US and other countries have something similar. — RedWolf 06:16, Apr 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * Colors: I think whichever we select, it should be light. Here are three candidates (current light blue, a lighter version of National Park green, and a light version of the brown you suggested), I prefer the light blue:

 * Lat/Long: I went to decimal degrees to squeeze into one line. If you prefer DMS (which is fine with me), I think we have to go to Latitude and Longitude as separate entries, to give enough room. See update.
 * Type: I can make a List of mountain types page --- I bet mav can help out, also. I've made a start at the subpage /List of Mountain Types.
 * Wiki table markup: I'll give this a shot. See update.
 * Topo map reference: Now I see what you mean. In the US, the USGS topo maps have names, this can be another optional row.
 * More comments? -- hike395 03:25, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I think we are almost there. Other than that, it comes down to the color selection. I think I'm more inclined to choose the brown over the green but can't quite agree to a yes on the light blue. I have duplicated the table and used the brown you listed just so it's easy to compare the two side by side. If we could get a few others to vote and the consensus is light blue, I would be okay with it then. We should also setup some mediawiki stuff for starting the box and for putting a notice on the talk page. See Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Albums. — RedWolf 05:16, Apr 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * The two lines for latitude and longitude are okay with me.
 * The 'Type' looks good as well and what you added thus far at /List of Mountain Types, is an excellent start.
 * I'd recommend shortening the topo label to just 'Topographic map' or perhaps even 'Topo map' as that would provide more room for the other details column. I've done the latter in my alternate version below.

 * So, we'll need a Template:Mountain_box_start and a Template:Mountain. I'll give it a try. -- hike395 12:03, 17 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I have just added a link to Goings-on about nearing consensus on the infobox. Hopefully, we can get a few more comments and votes before proceeding to a final decision by the end of the week. RedWolf 05:32, Apr 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * Light blue, light brown, or a even lighter stone color?

 * My preference is blue, followed closely by stone, both over light brown(which I think clashes with the blue and purple of links). Other than that, the shortened topo label is fine with me. -- hike395

I agree, the lighter stone color is better than the light brown so it's down to light stone vs light blue at the moment. RedWolf 02:40, Apr 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * I prefer the light brown myself.  —d8uv  (t)  02:49, Apr 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Both RedWolf and I dislike the light brown. If you had to choose between light blue and the light stone color, which would you prefer? We need a tie-breaker vote -- hike395 11:55, 17 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * I thought it said light brown up there. So much for my reading comprehension. I'd go with the stone.  —d8uv  (t)  05:09, Apr 19, 2004 (UTC)

Well, it's been a week since we started hacking on the latest version of the infobox. I'd like to start using it. How shall we break our tie on the colors? RedWolf: how much do you prefer light stone over light blue? A little? A lot? -- hike395 03:20, 19 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * I personally think the light stone makes a better visual analogy.  —d8uv  (t)  05:09, Apr 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, we'll go with the stone color, then. I'll move the template up to the main project page. -- hike395 05:15, 19 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I feel it not quite right (I can't think of the exact word I'm looking for) that stone gets chosen over your choice by a matter of one other vote. There's nothing saying we cannot use more than one color in our project color scheme. We could use both stone and light blue and just choose a context when to use one over the other. We could for example, use light blue for certain mountain types such as volcanos? Or perhaps stone for mountains in the northern hemisphere and light blue for south? Or use light blue for mountains in the Himalayas? Just a thought. If you prefer we stay with one color and you are just fine with the stone color, then I guess we can close the discussion on the initial infobox and proceed with using it in articles. RedWolf 06:43, Apr 19, 2004 (UTC)

To answer your question hike395, I preferred the light stone over the light blue a fair bit because:
 * the stone makes the background blue in pictures stand out better IMHO
 * a brown or greenish color was my original selections on color choice as I tend to think of those colors when associating with mountains (rock color and forest color). The color for wilderness areas is a darker brown color so the light stone color would align better.
 * the links on the lhs side using my link colors look better with stone than light blue. I admit, a weak point.

As a said though above, I wouldn't have a problem using light blue for a smaller percentage of mountain types or some other context.

RedWolf 06:58, Apr 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * It's OK with me for light blue to lose 2-1. To my mind, light stone was almost as good. I mainly wanted to start to use the infobox, since I think it is very useful for the readers.

 * By the way, I believe that multiple alternative colors in an infobox (to signal different contexts) is mainly for the gratification of Wiki-nerds, rather than our readers. I bet that the vast majority of readers who read articles with infoboxes don't notice the differences in colors. So, yes, I am biased towards just choosing one color and getting on with using it. I'm competely happy in abandoning light blue, unless you feel strongly that we should have multiple infobox colors. -- hike395 07:13, 19 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I have no strong desire to use multiple colors although if others wanted to do that, I'd be happy to accommodate it. Ok, sounds like we have consensus on the infobox layout and color. Let's move ahead with using it. I'll add our selected light stone color (#e7dcc3) to Infobox to note it's now reserved for this project. RedWolf 02:23, Apr 20, 2004 (UTC)

Use of prime and Prime entities
I originally used the &prime; and &Prime; entities for some of the articles I created for mountains. However, the resulting output looks a bit strange (at least on a Mac/Mozilla). I have been considering switching it back to simply use the single and double quotes. I noticed that hike395 just updated the template to use the entities. What does everyone else think? RedWolf 05:42, Apr 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * I apologize for making the change without discussion. I saw the &prime; and &Prime; at Mount Robson, and it looked so much more professional on WinXP/IE6 that I thought "That should be in the template." I don't know how it looks on other browsers.-- hike395 15:49, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Not a problem, just mentioning the issue I've had with using those entities on the Mac. I'll have to one of the winpc's at work to see how it looks. The effect I saw on the Mac was a lot of extraneous spacing and what appeared to be a mix of fonts between proportional and non-proportional fonts. Maybe I'll check it in a couple other Macs browsers for curiosity. Could be Mozilla just hasn't implemented it correctly. RedWolf 04:13, Apr 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * I just tried Safari and the entities look just fine so it appears to be a Mozilla issue. RedWolf 05:33, Apr 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * Mozilla is used by 12.2% of Wikipedia readers, so if it looks bad on Windows/Mozilla, we should revert. Maybe we should revert anyway. -- hike395 05:56, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I tried it on Mozilla 1.6 on a pc at work and it looked fine so it looks like the issue is only specific to the Mac version. RedWolf 01:01, Apr 22, 2004 (UTC)


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Pauline de Rothschild

Pauline, Baroness de Rothschild (née Potter; December 31, 1908 – March 8, 1976) was an American fashion designer, writer and, with her second husband, a translator of both Elizabethan poetry and the plays of Christopher Fry. She was named, with Diana Vreeland, who was added to this list in 1964, to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1969, alongside Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Dean Acheson, Angier Biddle Duke, Cary Grant, and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

Early life
She was born Pauline Potter at 10 rue Octave Feuillet in the Paris neighborhood of Passy, to wealthy expatriate American parents of Protestant background. Her mother was Gwendolen Cary, a great-grand-niece of Thomas Jefferson and a distant cousin of Britain's Lords Falkland and Cary. Her father was Francis Hunter Potter, a playboy who was a grandson of Alonzo Potter, an Episcopal Bishop of Pennsylvania, and a nephew and great-nephew of successive Episcopal bishops of New York, Horatio Potter and Henry Codman Potter.

Potter was a member of several families that were prominent in the American South since the 17th century. She was a great-great-granddaughter of Francis Scott Key and a direct descendant of Pocahontas. His wife Mary Tayloe Lloyd Key was both a Lloyd, daughter of Edward Lloyd IV of Wye House and a Tayloe of Mount Airy on her mother, Elizabeth's side, the daughter of John Tayloe II and sister to John Tayloe III of The Octagon House, arguably the wealthiest American, if not Southern planter. Her grand-aunts Jennie and Hetty Cary (wife of the Confederate general John Pegram) were well-known figures during the Civil War, known as the "Cary Invincibles" and considered heroines for sewing battle flags. It was Jennie Cary who put the words of James Ryder Randall's poem "Maryland, My Maryland" to the German folk song "Lauriger Horatius", thereby creating what would become the state song of Maryland. Her mother's cousin and sometime guardian Constance Cary Harrison was one of the United States' best-known women in the late 19th century, a prominent novelist and social reformer. Another cousin, Francis Burton Harrison, served as Governor General of the Philippines and was a Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency.

Due to her parents' frequent separations and subsequent divorce and their later marital and romantic entanglements and custody disputes, she was brought up in varying degrees of poverty and luxury in New York City, Paris, Biarritz, and Baltimore. She was educated at a private finishing school in Groslay, a town north of Paris, as well as schools and tutors elsewhere in France and Maryland, but her formal education was effectively over by the age of 16.

By her father's second marriage to Clara Waterman Knight Colford (formerly Mrs. Sidney Jones Colford), a Philadelphia sugar and utilities heiress, she had two stepsisters, Clara and Dorothy.

First marriage
In 1930, in Baltimore, Maryland, she married Charles Carroll Fulton Leser (1900–1949), a descendant of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, an art restorer, who was the younger son of a prominent judge and a grandson of Felix Agnus one of the city's leading newspaper publishers. He also was an alcoholic and a homosexual. After moving to Majorca, Spain soon after their marriage, they separated in 1934, divorced in 1939, and had no children.

Romances
After she and Leser separated, she was romantically involved with a number of prominent men, including Paul-Henri Spaak (a Prime Minister of Belgium), American diplomat Elim O'Shaughnessy (1907-1966), French horticultural heir (1907-1987), Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovitch Romanov of Russia (one of the assassins of Rasputin), and producer-director Jed Harris. For a period of years she also was the lover of Isabelle Kemp, an heiress to a New York drug-store and real-estate fortune.

Career
In the early 1930s, she worked as a personal shopper in New York City, acting as a fashion advisor to wealthy socialites too busy to shop and too unsure of their personal style. Later, after moving to Europe with her first husband, she operated dress shops on Majorca. She also worked for the couturier Elsa Schiaparelli in London and Paris and often was seen in society columns dressed in the firm's latest creations.

In the early 1940s, she and a friend, Louise Macy, a former editor of Harper's Bazaar, opened Macy-Potter, a short-lived fashion house, in New York City. The firm was bankrolled by a monetary settlement from Macy's former lover, millionaire John Hay Whitney, a.k.a. Jock Whitney, who had left her to marry Betsey Cushing, a former daughter-in-law of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Though Macy-Potter's first (and only) collection was a critical and financial disaster, Potter went on to design a collection for Marshall Field and later to direct the custom-fashion division of Hattie Carnegie, the New York fashion company, succeeding Jean Louis, who left in 1943 to become chief fashion designer for Columbia Pictures.

She remained at Hattie Carnegie for nearly a decade and was known professionally as Mrs. Fairfax Potter. Philippe de Rothschild and Joan Littlewood, Milady Vine: The Autobiography of Philippe de Rothschild (London: Jonathan Cape, 1984) Among her clients were the Duchess of Windsor, automotive heiress Thelma Chrysler Foy, actress Gertrude Lawrence, actress Ina Claire, and prominent others. She also designed the women's costumes for John Huston's Broadway 1946 production of No Exit by Jean-Paul Sartre, starring Ruth Ford and Annabella. The gown she designed for Ford is in the collection of the Museum of the City of New York.

Potter also worked briefly as an uncredited fashion model. One assignment for Harper's Bazaar had her posing in the latest Grecian-style gowns for the photographer Louise Dahl-Wolfe.

Second marriage
On 8 April 1954, she became the second wife of Baron Philippe de Rothschild, a polymath and poet who was the owner of the fabled French winery Château Mouton Rothschild. The baron's previous wife, Elisabeth Pelletier de Chambure, died in 1945 in Ravensbrück concentration camp.

By this marriage, she had one stepchild, Philippine de Rothschild (1933–2014).

Literary pursuits
De Rothschild admired the works of the Japanese novelist Yukio Mishima and the stories of Danish writer Isak Dinesen, and she hoped to make her mark as a writer. Her articles about fashion, travel, and other subjects were published in Harper's Bazaar and Vogue (the latter's editor in chief, Diana Vreeland, was a distant cousin). In 1966, Harcourt Brace published her only book, The Irrational Journey, a brief, atmospheric memoir of a trip she and her husband took to the Soviet Union in the dead of winter.

Death
De Rothschild died on 8 March 1976, of a heart attack in the lobby of the Biltmore Hotel, in Santa Barbara, California. She previously had been diagnosed with breast cancer and had undergone open-heart surgery for a deteriorated valve in 1975. Rothschild's health problems were exacerbated by Marfan's syndrome, a genetic abnormality.

Burial
She is buried on the grounds of Château Mouton Rothschild in Pauillac, Bordeaux, France, beneath a translucent tomb made of Lalique glass and marble. The monument also contains the remains of her second husband and his parents, Mathilde and Henri de Rothschild.

title: Pauline de Rothschild


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Basketball at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Basketball at the 1988 Summer Olympics was the twelfth appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event. It took place at the Jamsil Gymnasium in Seoul, South Korea from 17 September to 30 September 1988. The United States won the gold medal in the women's competition, repeating their performance from the 1984 tournament.

In the men's tournament, the Soviet Union took home their second gold medal in the team's history for this event. That team included a large percentage of Baltic basketballers: Sabonis, Chomičius, Kurtinaitis and Marčiulionis from Lithuania, Miglinieks from Latvia, and Tiit Sokk from Estonia.

This was the last Olympic basketball tournament where NBA players were not allowed to participate; FIBA voted in a rule change in 1989 that lifted that restriction, leading to the dominance of 1992's Dream Team.

Qualification
A NOC could enter one men's team with 12 players and one women's team with 12 players. For both tournaments, automatic qualifications were granted to the host country and the winners from the previous edition. For the men's tournament, the remaining teams were decided by the continental championships in Asia, Oceania, Africa and Americas and European qualifying tournament. Champions of Asia and Oceania, top two teams from Africa and top three from Americas earned direct qualification. The last three berths were allocated from the European qualifying tournament, held in the Netherlands, two months before Olympics tournament. For the women's tournament, qualification was decided by a tournament held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where the top six teams earned a spot.

Format
Men's tournament:
 * Two groups of six teams are formed, where the top four from each group advance to the knockout stage.
 * Fifth and sixth places from each group form an additional bracket to decide 9th–12th places in the final ranking.
 * In the quarterfinals, the match ups are as follows: A1 vs. B4, A2 vs. B3, A3 vs. B2 and A4 vs. B1.
 * The four teams eliminated from the quarterfinals form an additional bracket to decide 5th–8th places in the final ranking.
 * The winning teams from the quarterfinals meet in the semifinals as follows: A1/B4 vs. A3/B2 and A2/B3 vs. A4/B1.
 * The winning teams from the semifinals contest the gold medal. The losing teams contest the bronze.

Women's tournament:
 * Two groups of four teams are formed, where the top two teams from each group advance to the knockout stage.
 * Third and fourth places from each group form an additional bracket to decide 5th–8th places in the final ranking.
 * In the semifinals, the match ups are as follows: A1 vs. B2, A2 vs. B1.
 * The winning teams from the semifinals contest the gold medal. The losing teams contest the bronze.

Tie-breaking criteria:
 * 1) Head to head results
 * 2) Goal average (not the goal difference) between the tied teams
 * 3) Goal average of the tied teams for all teams in its group

Preliminary round
The top four places in each of the preliminary round groups advanced to the eight team, single-elimination knockout stage, where Group A teams would meet Group B teams. Hosts Korea could not advance, finishing at the bottom of their group. The other Asia representative, China, met the same fate, together with the two African teams, Egypt and Central African Republic.

Preliminary round
The first two places in each of the preliminary round groups advanced to the semifinals, where Group A teams would meet Group B teams. Like their male counterparts, the Korea women's team did not manage to advance to the knockout stage and ended up battling for 5th place against the other Asian representative, China and two European teams, Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia.

title: Basketball at the 1988 Summer Olympics


text:
User:Kmg90

Page is in a total make-over  someday . Eventually...

title: User:Kmg90


text:
Yucca moth

Yucca moth may refer to:

 * Prodoxidae moth family
 * Parategeticula moths
 * Tegeticula moths
 * Tegeticula yuccasella

title: Yucca moth


text: User talk:24.165.168.227

title: User talk:24.165.168.227


text:
Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi

Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi (English: Bahujan Development Front) is a regional political party in the Vasai-Virar region of Maharashtra. It was originally known as Vasai Vikas Aaghadi. The party is led and founded by Hitendra Thakur who was a one-time member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly on an Indian National Congress ticket and two time independent MLA before founding the party.

Baliram Sukur Jadhav of the BVA, backed by Hitendra Thakur, was elected to the 15th Lok Sabha in 2009 and declared unconditional support to the UPA government. Kshitij Thakur, MLA from Nalasopara, Rajeev Patil, the first mayor of Vasai-Virar City Municipal Corporation are some of the well known local leaders associated with the party.

Career
In 2009, in the 15th Lok Sabha election, Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi won the Palghar seat and Baliram Jadhav became the first member of parliament from the party.

Aaghadi lost the 16th Lok Sabha election to BJP's Chintaman Vanga.

In 2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election, Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi bagged two seats: Boisar where Vilas Tare and Nalasopara where Kshitij Thakur won the elections.

In the 2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election, Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi increased its tally to 3 seats, holding Boisar and Nalasopara and adding Vasai where Hitendra Thakur won.

Vasai Virar Municipal Corporation
In 2015, The BVA swept the Vasai Virar Municipal Corporation polls by winning 106 seats. Vasai elected its first woman Mayor, Pravina Thakur for Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi. Pravina Thakur is married to Hitendra Thakur, MLA from Vasai.

Many of the winners faced no opposition candidate. The BVA is one of the strongest parties in Vasai-Virar region.

2019 Assembly election
In the 2019 Assembly Elections, Bahujan Vikas Aghadi won all three of the seats it contested. The newly elected MLA's are Rajesh Raghunath Patil, Kshitij Thakur, and Hitendra Thakur.

title: Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi


text:
Talk:Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events

Resources to use
Resources to use. — Erik (talk • contrib) 17:10, 14 July 2009 (UTC)
 * (On production design for LEMONY SNICKET'S A SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE EVENTS)
 * (Cinematographer Emmanuel Lubezki talks about working on LEMONY SNICKET'S A SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE EVENTS)
 * (Director Brad Silberling comments on the making of LEMONY SNICKET'S A SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE EVENTS, adapted from Daniel Handler's dark Lemony Snicket books. Also brief look at other children books' adaptation to the screen)
 * (Details of the effects shots created by Industrial Light & Magic for LEMONY SNICKET'S A SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE EVENTS)
 * (Casting and location for LEMONY SNICKET'S A SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE EVENTS, with comments by directore Brad Silberling & actor Jim Carrey)
 * (Director of photography Emmanual Lubezki discusses the technical challenges of creating the highly stylised look of the film 'Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events')
 * Wow! You rule man. I'm crossing out the American Cinematographer link because it has already been implemented in the article. Awesome. Wildroot (talk) 22:18, 14 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I like to dig deep with resources. :P No worries, you don't need these implemented for Good Article status, but if you or anyone else wants to get the article to Featured Article status, these would contribute to comprehensiveness. :) — Erik  (talk • contrib) 22:21, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

Reference 21
I think there is a problem with reference 21. It is supposed to be supporting that filming was finished on May 2004, but the article was published on September 2003, and it hasn't any information related to the ending of principal photography. --Danielba894 (talk) 20:12, 4 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Same thing with reference 18b. In the article they do not even mention "Littlest Elf". --Danielba894 (talk) 21:27, 15 June 2011 (UTC)

Fantasy?
The movie has some anachronisms and plenty of extremely unlikely scenarios, but is that really enough to call this a fantasy film? —Will(B) 03:41, 18 October 2013 (UTC)

No, that's called an alternative reality. Fantasy requires something more substantial, like a sorcerer, a dragon or an ogre. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.6.85.184 (talk) 21:10, 3 February 2014 (UTC)

There is no fantasy in this movie, it’s an adventure black comedy AlienChex (talk) 05:16, 6 August 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 4 October 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Not moved, claim of WP:COMMONNAME countered (non-admin closure) — Andy W.  ( talk  · ctb) 22:59, 12 October 2016 (UTC)

– Per WP:COMMONNAME. Also, please see other examples in situations like this concerning WP:OFFICIALNAME and COMMONNAME: Lee Daniels' The Butler is at The Butler, Marvel's The Avengers is at The Avengers (2012 film). - Favre1fan93 (talk) 17:52, 4 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events → A Series of Unfortunate Events (film)
 * Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (video game) → A Series of Unfortunate Events (video game)
 * Conflicted: This one is a rather tricky situation. It won the Academy Award for Best Makeup in it's year and it won as Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events. The trailer also verbally refers to the film as such too Link (gotta add the http as it wont let me direct link): youtu.be/cj-e039An04?t=1m46s. Rusted AutoParts 18:10, 4 October 2016 (UTC)
 * It's the same exact situation for The Butler, yet the WP:COMMONNAME still is used for the title. (See The Butler Trailer where "Lee Daniels' is spoken here.) I don't see why this should be any different. - Favre1fan93 (talk) 18:19, 4 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose. At the awards databases for Bafta and Oscar, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events is referenced by its full title, while Lee Daniels' The Butler is referenced as The Butler, thus indicating that the two examples are not analogous at those databases. However, at the American Film Institute Catalog of Feature Films, both films  are listed by the full title, while at IMDb, Lee Daniels' The Butler, has the full title, but A Series of Unfortunate Events , has the short title. AllMovie has both  and  at the long title, as do TCMDb  and  and TVGuide  and . —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 19:46, 4 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose. How is this the common name? Every source in the article uses "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events", and there are several sources in the article that use just "Lemony Snicket" to refer to the film. There's some promotional material that heavily emphasizes the "Lemony Snicket" part of the title. Shouldn't be moved. Nohomersryan (talk) 19:49, 4 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose, per COMMONAME, in fact I've always known it as "Lemony Snicket's". The difference with "Lee Daniels' The Butler" "Marvel's The Avengers" or any "Disney's NameOfTheFilm" is that a) this film is not by Lemony Snicket (unlike the others), so his name is part of the title, and b) the title is well-known as written by the reliable sources found in the article itself. ©   Tb hotch ™ (en-2.5). 23:47, 5 October 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
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text: User talk:221.126.122.101

title: User talk:221.126.122.101


text:
User talk:Kmg90/2005-2006

No Adverts, thank you--User:Boothy443 | comhrÚ 17:48, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

thank you for reverting my test, but
I have no memory of ever visiting that page (Rashad Khalifa). Furthurmore, when I visited that page's history, it has no record of my IP address, 67.183.74.243. The link you give, link, seems to have been done by 62.135.9.188. Maybe you should talk to him. Thanks, 67.183.74.243 04:28, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

what?
are you talking about

To save your tool from deletion, I moved it your user page which was empty. I hope you don't mind. A page like this should not be in article space, but probably somewhere in the Wikipedia: namespace (check that link!) or on some page with other similar tools. Look around a bit, and I'll think you will find a place for it. Please understand that, as Wikipedia gets lots of vandalism and spam, some users may overreact at what looks like unencyclopedic content in the article space without really checking it out. / Tupsharru 20:07, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure exactly where to put it, but you could perhaps ask on Village pump (technical). There may already be a page with other tools where it could be added. / Tupsharru 22:27, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * No, just make a good header, explain what the tool is for and ask if there is any place it could be made more easily available. / Tupsharru 22:59, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

nospam
I've reverted your edit to c/v games:

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Computer_and_video_games&diff=10487214&oldid=10481490

You may have missed the notice, reprinted here out of spite:

"PLEASE REFRAIN FROM ADDING ANY LINKS HERE WITHOUT DISCUSSING THEIR ADDITION AT THE TALK PAGE (select the "discussion" tab).

''There have been concerns raised over having too many external links. Some people feel that this section is being used to spam, or that these links are irrelevant to the article's content. The current link limit is three. If you feel that you have a better link than those listed, propose it in the talk page. Alternatively, start a page where they may be appropriate. If you add them here, YOUR LINKS WILL BE REMOVED. If you are against this policy, say so at the talk page.''" Slike2 06:23, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Image of 2ch on Internet forum
Hiya Kmg90, as you've contributed to internet forum in the past, could you please read this part of the talk page, and offer your opinions, so we can reach consensus on which image to include? Talrias (t | e | c) 09:11, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Picture of the Superdome with tiles torn off.
Does this picture have a license? It probably should have one- where did you get this picture? ral 315  19:44, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

Electronic Gaming Monthly Issue History
Your article Electronic Gaming Monthly Issue History has appeared in the Dead End Pages list because it is not wikified. Please consult the Wikipedia Guide to Layout for more information on how to write a good, wikified article. I would encourage you to revisit your submissions and them. Thanks and happy editing! James084 03:25, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Newyahoo.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Newyahoo.JPG. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 12:58, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

AWB Approval
Regretfully, I've denied your AWB approval, as you do not have 500 article space edits. Sorry. alpha Chimp (talk) 04:42, 5 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I have also denied your VP approval. You do not have 250 artice space edits. Sorry :) Computerjoe 's talk 14:48, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Upper Canada Rebellion
Thanks for catching the vandalism that I missed on this page. I didn't see at first that the anonymous user had posted a series of several edits. Irongargoyle 20:34, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

List of QI episodes
Hi, the edits to List of QI episodes by 69.108.175.213 looked perfectly legitimate to me, so I'm not sure why they were reverted by you? Heycos 11:12, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Welcome to VandalProof!
Thank you for your interest in VandalProof, Kmg90! You have now been added to the list of authorized users, so if you haven't already, simply download and install VandalProof from our main page. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me or any other moderator, or you can post a message on the discussion page. Prodego talk  01:54, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank you for removing vandalism from my editor's review. Best regards.-- Hús  ö  nd  04:45, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

December 25th
I did an anonymous edit on the page for December 25th that was reverted. I was looking at that page earlier then I went and checked the date of JonBenet Ramsay agaist the wikipedia article and it appears twice; both on December 25 and December 26. The JonBenet Ramsay article quotes her death date as 26th of December. I was not meaning to vandalise anything merely bring it into line with your other literature on the subject.

Test5-n
I don't think Test5-n does what you think it does. Test4 and Test4-n are final warnings. Test5 is a blocking message, and test5-n is a blocking message where the n is the duration, not the article name. for warnings you should stick to Test1 through Test4 or use bv or Test4im for a final warning. Thatcher131 19:27, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

Joseph McCarthy
You recently added an template to this page, but you have to be an admin to protect a page. Us mere mortals have to go to Requests for page protection and request protection for an article. KarlBunker 16:06, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Why did you delete my addition?
On E. M. Forster's page, I added his short story "My Wood". Then you delete this submision. Why

title: User talk:Kmg90/2005-2006


text: User talk:204.141.39.59

title: User talk:204.141.39.59


text:
Linnéa Handberg Lund

Linnéa Handberg Lund, (born Linnéa Handberg 22 October 1976 in Hillerød, Denmark) also known as Papaya and Miss Papaya, is a Danish musician. She has achieved Gold and Platinum status as a songwriter within Europe and Asia in the 2000s after her two albums released as an independent artist.

Several of her songs, including "Operator", "Hero", and "Pink Dinosaur", have appeared in the popular Dance Dance Revolution video games. Papaya has also contributed the songs "No Princess" and "Spaceman" to In The Groove 2, along with Dynamic Hero.

History
Papaya began her music career in the early 1990s, signing with record labels Maverick, Warner, and Scandinavian Records. Papaya teamed up with producers Honeycutt to release the "Miss Papaya Project". Papaya released her first single, "Jingle Bells" in 1997. The next single, "Hero", was a smash hit.

Pink
Her first album, Pink, was released in 1998, produced by Papaya and Honeycutt. In 1998, "Hero" was released in the U.S. Two singles were released after Pink, "Supergirl" in 1998 and "Operator" in 1999. Papaya soon quit her contract with Scandinavian Records & Honeycutt, and abandoned the Miss Papaya Project. She began a solo career and in 2000 released an album, This Is Who I Am, under her real name. Papaya still works as a songwriter and backup singer for CH!PZ, from the Netherlands.

Papaya was an artist behind Bambee, writing many of Bambee's songs along with Honeycutt. Papaya released some songs under the pseudonym Lynn including "Are You Online?" and "No Princess", for Bambee and In The Groove 2, respectively.

Albums

 * Pink (as Papaya) (1998)
 * This is Who I Am (as Linnea) (2000)

Video games
Miss Papaya has a total of three songs which appear in the Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) arcade series and StepManiaX, plus two remixes of "Hero" in DDR. Two other songs appear in In the Groove 2 and StepManiaX.

A yellow check mark indicates:
 * For 3rdMix: only the 3rdMix Plus edition includes "Hero (KCP Discotique Mix)".
 * For StepManiaX: "Spaceman" features Lynn and Bambee.

title: Linnéa Handberg Lund


text:
Audio normalization

Audio normalization is the application of a constant amount of gain to an audio recording to bring the amplitude to a target level (the norm). Because the same amount of gain is applied across the entire recording, the signal-to-noise ratio and relative dynamics are unchanged. Normalization is one of the functions commonly provided by a digital audio workstation.

Two principal types of audio normalization exist. Peak normalization adjusts the recording based on the highest signal level present in the recording. Loudness normalization adjusts the recording based on perceived loudness.

Normalization differs from dynamic range compression, which applies varying levels of gain over a recording to fit the level within a minimum and maximum range. Normalization adjusts the gain by a constant value across the entire recording.

Peak normalization
One type of normalization is peak normalization, wherein the gain is changed to bring the highest PCM sample value or analog signal peak to a given level – usually 0 dBFS, the loudest level allowed in a digital system.

Since it searches only for the highest level, peak normalization alone does not account for the apparent loudness of the content. As such, peak normalization is generally used to change the volume in such a way to ensure optimal use of available dynamic range during the mastering stage of a digital recording. When combined with compression/limiting, however, peak normalization becomes a feature that can provide a loudness advantage over non–peak-normalized material. This feature of digital recording systems, compression and limiting followed by peak normalization, enables contemporary trends in program loudness.

Loudness normalization
Another type of normalization is based on a measure of loudness, wherein the gain is changed to bring the average loudness to a target level. This average may be approximate, such as a simple measurement of average power (e.g. RMS), or more accurate, such as a measure that addresses human perception e.g. that defined by EBU R128 and offered by ReplayGain, Sound Check and GoldWave.

For example, YouTube's preferred loudness level is −14 LUFS, so if an audio program is analyzed to be −10 LUFS, YouTube will lower the loudness by 4 dB to bring it to the preferred level.

Loudness normalization combats varying loudness when listening to multiple songs in a sequence. Before loudness normalization, one song in a playlist might be quieter than the rest, so the listener would have to turn a volume knob up to adjust the playback volume.

Depending on the dynamic range of the content and the target level, loudness normalization can result in peaks that exceed the recording medium's limits, causing clipping. Software offering loudness normalization typically provides the option of dynamic range compression to prevent clipping when this happens. In this situation, signal-to-noise ratio and relative dynamics are altered.

Loudness standards
Standardised normalized loudness levels vary by territory and application.
 * −24LUFS: ATSC A/85 (US TV), NPRSS, and PRX radio broadcast
 * −23LUFS: EBU R 128 broadcast
 * −19 to −16 LUFS: PRX podcasts
 * −14LUFS: Spotify, YouTube and other streaming platforms

title: Audio normalization


text:
Ivan Magill

Sir Ivan Whiteside Magill KCVO (23 July 1888 – 25 November 1986) was an Irish-born anaesthetist who is famous for his involvement in much of the innovation and development in modern anaesthesia. He helped to establish the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Several medical devices are named after him.

Biography
Originally a general practitioner, he accepted a post at the Queen's Hospital, Sidcup, in 1919 as an anaesthetist. The hospital had been established for the treatment of facial injuries sustained in World War I. Working with plastic surgeon Harold Gillies, he was responsible for the development of numerous items of anaesthetic equipment but most particularly the single-tube technique of endotracheal anaesthesia. This was driven by the immense difficulties of administering "standard" anaesthetics such as chloroform and ether to men with severe facial injury using masks; they would cover the operative field.

Following the closure of the hospital, and the diminishing numbers of patients seen from the war era, he continued to work with Gillies in private practice but was also appointed to the Westminster and Brompton Hospitals, London. He was Knighted by Elizabeth II in 1960. He was closely involved in the establishment of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland as well as the Faculty of Anaesthesia of the Royal College of Surgeons where he developed the Diploma in Anaesthesia, the first professional examination in the specialty. Doctors can still be awarded the Magill medal for outstanding performance in the December sitting of the Final Fellowship examination.

In 2010, a plaque marking his birthplace was unveiled in the town of Larne, Northern Ireland.

History of the endotracheal tube
The original tubes were cut from a roll of rubber industrial tubing by his assistant, hence the natural curve of the tube. A curved metal adaptor was designed (Magill oral and nasal connectors) and a 4" black rubber connecting hose to fit to the anesthetic circuit was adapted from an MG car brake hose and named the 'catheter mount' by Magill's theatre technician at Westminster Hospital. Originally, there was no inflatable cuff. The tube was packed either side of the sub-glottis by two green anaesthetic swabs, with ribbon gauze sewn on by hand to aid extraction at extubation of the endotracheal tube. Anaesthetic gel or ointment was used to lubricate the tube and provide some relief for the patient's sore throat post-procedure.

Magill's developments

 * Endotracheal tube, anaesthesia (The Magill endotracheal tube, oral & nasal designs)
 * An anaesthetic breathing system (Magill circuit and expiratory valve)
 * Intubating forceps (Magill forceps)
 * Laryngoscope (a straight bladed version)
 * Catheter mount (endotracheal tube-to-circuit connector)
 * Endotracheal tube connectors, oral & nasal versions
 * Magill tracheal spray (glottic anaesthetic)
 * Single-lung anaesthesia
 * Endobronchial tubes and bronchial blockerss
 * Bobbin flowmeters
 * Helped establish the Diploma in Anaesthesia
 * Helped found the Association of Anaesthetists in 1932
 * Initiated the foundation of Association of Operating Theatre Technicians in 1945 (Now the College of Operating Department Practitioners)

Papers

 * Magill IW. "Endotracheal Anaesthesia" Proc RSM, 1928, 22(2):85-88
 * Magill I. "Warming Ether Vapour for inhalation" Lancet 1921,i:1270 (letter)
 * Magill I. "An apparatus for the Administration of Nitrous Oxide, Oxygen and Ether" Lancet 1923,ii: 228
 * Magill I. "The Provision for Expiration in Endotracheal insufflation" Lancet 1923,ii: 68-9
 * Magill I. "A Portable Apparatus for Tracheal Insufflation Anaesthesia" Lancet 1921,i: 918
 * Rowbotham ES, Magill I. "Anaesthetics in the Plastic Surgery of the Face and Jaws" Proc RSM 1921, 14: 17-27
 * Magill also contributed a chapter to Gillies HD, Millard R: Principles and Art of Plastic Surgery (Boston, Little Brown & Co, 1957)

title: Ivan Magill


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Centritek

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 02:42, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

Centritek
Wikipedia is not a way to avoid paying Google for placed advertising. Uncle G 17:51, 2005 Feb 7 (UTC)
 * Delete When a company's name turns up only 24 Google hits, that's a not a good sign... when only 13 of those are displayed, that's a bad sign... when 5 of those are unrelated, that's a real bad sign... when the remaining 7 are mostly forum posts, that's an even worse sign... but when you realise that this company with virtually no web presence is a web services company of all things, you just want to stop and give them a hug just for trying. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 18:39, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as blatant ad. Unlikely to be encyclopedic if Starblind is right. Mgm|(talk) 19:18, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Giggle at Starblind. Inter 20:35, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for reasons already given; I'm giggling at Starblind too. --Idont Havaname 23:45, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikivertisment.  ElBenevolente 01:13, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Primate city

A primate city is a city that is the largest in its country, province, state, or region, and disproportionately larger than any others in the urban hierarchy. A primate city distribution is a rank-size distribution that has one very large city with many much smaller cities and towns and no intermediate-sized urban centers, creating a statistical king effect.

The law of the primate city was first proposed by the geographer Mark Jefferson in 1939. He defines a primate city as being "at least twice as large as the next largest city and more than twice as significant." Aside from size and population, a primate city will usually have precedence in all other aspects of its country's society such as economics, politics, culture, and education. Primate cities also serve as targets for the majority of a country or region's internal migration.

In geography, the phenomenon of excessive concentration of population and development of the main city of a country or a region (often to the detriment of other areas) is called urban primacy or urban macrocephaly.

Measurement
Urban primacy can be measured as the share of a country's population that lives in the primate city. Relative primacy indicates the ratio of the primate city's population to that of the second largest in a country or region.

Significance
There is debate as to whether a primate city serves a parasitic or generative function. The presence of a primate city in a country may indicate an imbalance in development—usually a progressive core and a lagging periphery—on which the city depends for labor and other resources. However, the urban structure is not directly dependent on a country's level of economic development.

Many primate cities gain an increasing share of their country's population. This can be due to a reduction in blue-collar population in the hinterlands because of mechanization and automation. Simultaneously, the number of educated employees in white-collar endeavors such as politics, finance, media, and higher education rises. These sectors are clustered predominantly in primate cities where power and wealth are concentrated.

Examples
Some global cities are considered national or regional primate cities. An example of a global city that is also a primate city is Istanbul in Turkey. Istanbul serves as the primate city of Turkey due to the unmatched economic, political, cultural, and educational influence that the city possesses in comparison to other Turkish cities such as the capital Ankara, İzmir, or Bursa. Mexico City, Paris, Cairo, Jakarta, and Seoul have also been described as primate cities of their respective countries. However, not all regions and countries possess a primate city. The United States has never had a primate city on a national level due to the decentralized nature of the country and because the country's second-largest city, Los Angeles, is not far behind the country's largest city, New York City, in either population or GDP. The metropolitan area of New York City has over 19 million residents, while that of Los Angeles has roughly 13 million residents, as of 2022.

Sub-national divisions can also have primate cities. For instance, New York City is New York State's primate city, because its population is 32 times bigger than the state's second-largest city of Buffalo. New York City has 44% of the population and 65% of the GDP of New York State. The city of Anchorage is another U.S. example, with around 40% of the total population of Alaska living within the city's limits. China does not have a primate city at a national level, but several provincial capitals are disproportionately larger than other urban areas in the respective provinces. For example, Henan, Hubei, and Sichuan have provincial capitals (Zhengzhou, Wuhan, and Chengdu, respectively) that are significantly larger than the second-largest cities in those provinces, and each of those provinces has a population similar to that of a large European country. India does not have a primate city, as Delhi is not much larger than Mumbai or Kolkata in terms of population. However, many Indian states, such as Karnataka, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, do have primate cities: Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, and Mumbai, respectively. Other Indian states, such as Uttar Pradesh and Kerala, do not have any primate cities.

Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, has been called "the most primate city on Earth": in 2000 it was 40 times larger than the second-largest city of that time, Nakhon Ratchasima. As of 2022, Bangkok is nearly nine times larger than Thailand's current second-largest city of Chiang Mai, which has been growing in population and has also had its boundaries expanded to reflect that growth. Taking the concept from his examination of the primate city during the 2010 Thai political protests and applying it to the role that primate cities play if they are national capitals, researcher Jack Fong noted that when primate cities like Bangkok function as national capitals, they are inherently vulnerable to insurrection by the military and the dispossessed. He cites the fact that most primate cities serving as national capitals contain major headquarters for the country. Thus, logistically, it is rather "efficient" to target a national capital that is also a primate city; most of the governing power is contained in that one small area, and so are most of the people.

The metropolitan area of the city of Moscow, the capital of Russia, is almost four times the size of the metropolitan area of the next largest city, Saint Petersburg, and plays a unique and uncontested role of the cultural and political center of the country. It can therefore be considered a primate city.

Primate cities need not be capital cities: governments may establish a new capital city in an attempt to challenge the primacy of the largest city or provide more balanced growth. For example, in Tanzania, Dar es Salaam is still the primate city even though the capital was moved to Dodoma, a new city built to a plan, in 1996. A similar process (though without building a planned city) occurred when the existing city of Wellington was chosen as New Zealand's capital in 1865; Auckland had been the capital, and commanded a greater share of the population and economy.

Asia
For the Philippines, figures are for Metro Manila and Metro Cebu. Manila is the national capital, which is within Metro Manila, a region. Meanwhile, Cebu City is the capital city of the province of Cebu, with Metro Cebu being its main urban center. Metro Manila is within Mega Manila, the megapolis that has a population of around 25 million.

For Malaysia, data for Kuala Lumpur includes the surrounding state of Selangor and the Federal Territory of Putrajaya; while data for George Town includes the entire State of Penang and adjoining regions of Kulim and Kuala Muda (Sungai Petani) in the neighbouring State of Kedah.

Europe
In Germany, Munich (city proper population ca 1.5 million, with surrounding Landkreise ~3 million) is the primate city of the state of Bavaria, having nearly three times the population than the state's second largest, Nuremberg (ca 500,000 people, metro area ~1.35 million). Likewise, in Hesse, Frankfurt (~750,000 people) is nearly three times larger than the state's second largest, Wiesbaden (~275,000) and they are both part of the Rhine-Main metropolitan area, the largest city outside of the area, Kassel, has a population of ca. 200,000 people.

In Italy, primate cities exist at regional level: capital Rome (~2.7 million) alone has nearly half of the population of the Lazio region and is about 21 times larger than the second largest city Latina, and nearly three quarters of the region's population live in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. In Lombardy, Milan at ~1.35 million is seven times larger than second largest Brescia (ca 200,000); in Piedmont, Turin has eight-nine times the population of Novara and Alessandria; in Campania, Naples has 7 times the population of second-largest Salerno and in Liguria, Genoa at ~550,000 has six times the population of second largest La Spezia and the Metropolitan City of Genoa has three times the population of Province of Savona.

There are many more regional primate cities in Europe. If excluding national capitals, examples include Gothenburg in Västra Götaland, Sweden, Bergen in Vestland and Trondheim, Trøndelag in Norway, Tampere in Pirkanmaa, Finland and Aarhus in Midtjylland, Denmark.

In Portugal, the Lisbon Metropolitan Area has around 2.8 million people while the Porto Metropolitan Area, the second biggest and other only official metropolitan area, has only around 1.7 million people, these 2 big metropolitan areas have around 40% the country's population and are multiple times larger than the third-biggest city, Braga.

North and Central America
Although Belize does not have a primate city, Belize City is more than twice the size of San Ignacio, the country's second-largest city and urban area. Belize City is also the cultural and economic centre of Belize. The country's capital is Belmopan, the third-largest city in Belize.

In the United States, many primate cities exist at the state level. In California, the population of Los Angeles (~4 million) is nearly three times that of the second-largest city in the state, San Diego. Likewise, in Illinois, Chicago has 15 times the population of the state's second-largest city, Aurora, which itself is a suburb of Chicago, and 18 times the population of Rockford, the state's fifth-largest city and the largest outside of the Chicago metropolitan area, which comprises nearly two-thirds of the state's population. In New York, New York City, with a 2022 population of about 8.3 million, is more than 30 times larger than the state's second-largest city of Buffalo. Erie County, where Buffalo is located, is the eighth-largest county in the state and the largest outside of the New York metropolitan area, with around 950,000 residents; on the other hand, New York City alone contains four of the six largest counties in the state, each with at least 1.35 million residents.

Canada also has several primate cities at the provincial level: Vancouver, BC; Winnipeg, MB; Toronto, ON; Montreal QC; Halifax, NS; and St. John's, NL.

Oceania
Australia does not have a primate city, but at the state level, each of the capital cities of the states and territories act as the primate city of that state or territory.

Partially recognized states
This list only includes cities that the breakaway state controls.

title: Primate city


text:
Lee MacPhail

Leland Stanford MacPhail Jr. (October 25, 1917 – November 8, 2012) was an American front-office executive in Major League Baseball. MacPhail was a baseball executive for 45 years, serving as the director of player personnel for the New York Yankees, the president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, chief aide to Commissioner of Baseball William Eckert, executive vice president and general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League.

Four-generation baseball family
Born in Nashville, Tennessee, he was the son of Larry MacPhail (Leland S. MacPhail Sr.), front office executive with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and the Yankees. Larry and Lee MacPhail are the only father-and-son pair to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Lee was honored in 1998.

His brother Bill MacPhail was president of CBS Sports and later became president of CNN Sports, recruited by Ted Turner to create the department when the CNN was launched.

Lee MacPhail's son Andy has been a senior executive with four MLB clubs: general manager of the Minnesota Twins (1986–94), president/CEO of the Chicago Cubs (1994–2006), president/baseball operations of the Orioles (2007–11), and president of the Philadelphia Phillies (2015–20). Son Lee MacPhail III had begun a career in baseball and was an executive with the Reading Phillies of the Eastern League upon his untimely death at age 27 in an automobile accident on February 18, 1969. In addition, grandson Lee MacPhail IV has been active in baseball as a scout or scouting director for numerous teams, including the Orioles, Twins, New York Mets, Seattle Mariners, Cleveland Indians, Washington Nationals and Texas Rangers.

Front office career
Lee MacPhail graduated from Swarthmore College and entered baseball in his father's Brooklyn Dodger organization, became business manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the International League in 1942, then served in the United States Navy during World War II. He joined the Yankees in 1946 as general manager of their Kansas City Blues Triple-A farm team, a year after Larry MacPhail became a co-owner of the Bombers.

The younger MacPhail rose through the Yankees system, eventually becoming farm system director in 1948 (after his father sold his one-third share and left baseball) and contributing to the organization's seven World Series championships from 1949 to 1958. He then moved to the Baltimore Orioles front office as general manager and, later, club president. During MacPhail's seven-year stewardship (1959–65), the Orioles became pennant contenders in the American League, winning 612 of 1,118 games (.547) and finishing in the league's first division four times. Led by Most Valuable Player Brooks Robinson, the 1964 Orioles finished only two games behind the pennant-winning Yankees.

At the time of his departure for the commissioner's office in November 1965, MacPhail and his successor, Harry Dalton, were beginning negotiations with the Reds for a blockbuster trade that would bring Frank Robinson to Baltimore; Robinson would lead the Orioles to the 1966 world championship and win the American League Triple Crown and Most Valuable Player award.

After a brief term as top aide to the new commissioner, Eckert, in 1965–66, MacPhail served as the Yankees' general manager from October 14, 1966, through the 1973 season, a rebuilding phase that saw no pennants or postseason appearances. However, it was marked by the promotion of Bobby Murcer and Thurman Munson to the club, and the 1972 acquisitions, via trade, of Sparky Lyle and Graig Nettles; Munson, Lyle and Nettles would be major pieces when the Yankees returned to the top of the American League from 1976 to 1978. Overall, the Yankees compiled a record of 569–557 (.505) during MacPhail's term as GM, with one second-place finish (in 1970).

After the 1973 season, in late October, MacPhail was elected the fifth American League president, serving from January 1, 1974, to December 31, 1983. In replacing Joe Cronin, he moved the league's headquarters to New York City from Boston.

Although no AL franchise moved during MacPhail's term, he was in office for the dawning of the free agency era in 1976, and nine of the 12 league clubs in existence in 1974 underwent ownership changes. MacPhail also oversaw the league's 1977 expansion to 14 teams with the creation of the Toronto Blue Jays and the Seattle Mariners, and was credited with bringing an end to the 1981 baseball strike when he stepped in for the owners to handle stalled negotiations. During his ten full years in office, the American League continued to struggle against the National League in All-Star Game competition: it lost the first nine midsummer classics it played under MacPhail's presidency, winning only in his last season, 1983, by a 13–3 score. The Junior Circuit compiled a 4–6 mark in World Series play over the same period.

MacPhail also played a major role in the Pine Tar Incident in 1983, where he ruled on a protested game stemming from a home run that had been taken away from Kansas City Royals slugger George Brett. After his retirement as AL president, MacPhail spent two final years in baseball as chairman of Major League Baseball's Player Relations Committee.

Later life
MacPhail lived in Delray Beach, Florida, where he died November 8, 2012, at his home. He was 95. At time of his death he was the oldest living Hall of Famer.

Honors and awards
When he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, he joined Larry MacPhail, who had been elected in 1978, as its only father and son members.

In 1966, he received the Sporting News Executive of the Year Award. MacPhail had spent as assistant to the Commissioner of Baseball prior to taking over the Yankees' general manager post. The award was bestowed for his efforts in building the 1966 World Series champion Orioles.

The American League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award is named for Lee MacPhail.

In 2013, the Bob Feller Act of Valor Award honored MacPhail as one of 37 Baseball Hall of Fame members for his service in the United States Navy during World War II.

title: Lee MacPhail


text:
Marche slave

The Marche slave, also Marche slav in B-flat minor, Op. 31, is an orchestral tone poem by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky published in 1876. It was written to celebrate Russia's intervention in the Serbo-Ottoman War.

Titling
It has been published variously as Slavic March (Словенски марш / Slovenski marš; Славянский марш), Slavonic March, and Serbo-Russian March (Српско-руски марш / Srpsko-ruski marš; Сербско-русский марш).

Background
In June 1876, Serbia and the Ottoman Empire were engaged in the Serbian-Ottoman War, in which Russia openly supported Serbia. The Russian Musical Society commissioned an orchestral piece from Tchaikovsky for a concert in aid of the Red Cross Society, and ultimately for the benefit of wounded Serbian veterans. Many Russians sympathized with their fellow Slavs and Orthodox Christians and sent volunteer soldiers and aid to assist Serbia.

Tchaikovsky referred to the piece as his "Serbo-Russian March" while writing it. It was premiered in Moscow on November 17 1876, conducted by Nikolai Rubinstein.

The march is highly programmatic in its form and organization. The first section, written in the somber key of B-flat minor, describes the oppression of the Serbs by the Ottoman Turks. It uses two Serbian folk songs, "Sunce jarko, ne sijaš jednako" (Bright sun, you do not shine equally), by Isidor Ćirić and "Rado ide Srbin u vojnike" (Gladly does the Serb become a soldier) by Josip Runjanin. This eventually gives way to the second section, written in the relative key of D-flat major, which describes the Russians rallying to help the Serbs. This is based on a simple melody with the character of a rustic dance that is passed around the orchestra, until finally it gives way to a solemn statement of the Russian imperial anthem "God Save the Tsar". The third section of the piece is a repeat of Tchaikovsky's furious orchestral climax from the first section, reiterating the Serbian cry for help. The fourth and final section describes the Russian volunteers marching into battle to assist the Serbs. It uses a Russian folk tune, this time in the tonic major key of B-flat major, and includes another blazing rendition of "God Save the Tsar", prophesying the triumph of the Slavonic people over the Ottomans. The overture finishes with a virtuoso coda for the full orchestra.

The piece is frequently paired in performance with Tchaikovsky's "1812 Overture," which also quotes "God Save the Tsar." In Russia, during the Soviet era, the imperial anthem was replaced in both pieces with the chorus "Glory, Glory to you, holy Rus'!" (Славься, славься, святая Русь!), which ironically came from the finale of Mikhail Glinka's opéra A Life for the Tsar, a historical drama about a patriotic commoner named Ivan Susanin. The original version of the song, written by Vasily Zhukovsky and Egor Fyodorovich Rozen, praised the Tsar and the Russian Tsardom, while the latter version by Sergey Gorodetsky was one of a patriotic form and is sometimes regarded as the unofficial anthem of Russia in the 20th century and even today. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of the Cold War, the original scores of both pieces returned.

Instrumentation
The march is scored for two flutes, two piccolos, two oboes, two clarinets in B flat, two bassoons, four horns in F, two cornets in B flat, two trumpets in B flat, three trombones (two tenor, one bass), tuba, three timpani, snare drum, cymbals, bass drum, tamtam, and strings.

Notable performances

 * Sir Adrian Boult conducting the London Philharmonic Orchestra
 * Antal Doráti conducting the Detroit Symphony Orchestra
 * Charles Dutoit conducting the Montreal Symphony Orchestra
 * Claudio Abbado conducting the Berlin Philharmonic
 * Herbert von Karajan conducting the Berlin Philharmonic
 * Bernard Haitink conducting the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam
 * Fritz Reiner conducting the Chicago Symphony Orchestra
 * Leonard Slatkin conducting the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra
 * Leopold Stokowski conducting the London Symphony Orchestra
 * Neeme Järvi conducting the Gothenburg Symphony
 * Leonard Bernstein conducting the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
 * Eugene Ormandy conducting the Philadelphia Orchestra
 * Gennady Rozhdestvensky conducting the London Symphony Orchestra
 * Yuri Temirkanov conducting the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
 * Valery Gergiev conducting the Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra

title: Marche slave


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dipverse

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 02:42, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

Dipverse
I'm not really sure what this is, but it looks like it should be deleted (if not speedy deleted). — Itai (f&t) 17:53, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as original research, nonsense, incompatible with Wikipedia license, non-encyclopedic... pretty much anything. Take your pick, really. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  18:33, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, original research, licensing issues regarding an article about licensing issues. Appears to be promoting a new form of intellectual-property licensing.  Appears to claim association with efforts of Free Software Foundation, but I've never seen FSF announcements mentioning this.  Article includes pseudonym of apparent creator/proponent of this program, which appears to be an attempt to claim control of all the IP that passes through digital forms.  Someone more active in F/OSS should correct me if I'm wrong and this is legitimate, but it hasn't showed up in, for example, Groklaw's extensive discussions about IP and copyright/patent/licensing issues.  Barno 19:38, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Per the anonymous creator's comment ( edit history shows creator posted as Wyl.newland, new user created 31 Dec, only edit was this article on 2 Jan ) below, Move to user page and delete from article namespace. See What_Wikipedia_is_not, including under "not a soapbox", items 1 (advocacy), 5 (primary research), and 6 (self-promotion).  However, per the creator's comments, I retract any implication of a hoax.  Well-intentioned newbie was trying to "stake a ... claim in WP" and "invite the future to coexist alongside the recorded past".  That's not the purpose of the wikipedia.  Barno 23:44, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Josh Cherry 01:27, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * PatiencePlease review: and leave the dipverse page in place until mid March so I can use it as a living example of why my proposed umbrella license needs to handle trademarks.  Mr. Stallman will require some persuading on the matter.  I also plan to raise the mathematical need for a set comprising all intellectual property works sharing a given set of properties, for example, all works being compatible with wikipedia.  I was going to add the word "wikiverse" but researched it enough to understand that the name was forbidden, because of intellectual property wranglings from the past.  Therefore I made up a word.  I need a linguistic anchor in your universe so that I can explain my theories, show my equations, and publish my inventions.  I understand that my intent is to construct a hypothetical encyclopedia of the future.  Rather that creating yet another intellectual property project, to add to the confusion, I decided to stake an intellectual property claim in wikipedia and see if I could persuade wikipedians to invite the future to coexist alongside the recorded past.  In my estimation, the only requirement for cohabitation is that and “future POV” be demarcated in some obvious manner.
 * Can't you put this on your user page? Kappa 21:03, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pretty dippy. Noel (talk) 23:31, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Utah

This project was formed to better organize information in articles related to the U.S. state of Utah. This page and its subpages contain various suggestions to help focus the efforts of other Wikipedians. If you would like to help, please introduce yourself on the talk page and add your signature to the "Participants" section below. You are also welcome to add our user template to your user page.

Scope
This project shall coordinate the creation and editing of articles related to the US State Utah, its cities, sites, history, etc. It aims primarily to expand Wikipedia's resources on Utah and present Utah in a fair and accurate manner.

Goals

 * 1) To improve the quality and quantity of Utah related articles as exemplified by the featured articles, Bryce Canyon National Park, Zion National Park, Geology of the Capitol Reef area, Geology of the Bryce Canyon area and Geology of the Zion and Kolob canyons area; the Good Articles, Salt Lake City, Utah and Great Salt Lake; and the former featured article Liberal Party (Utah).
 * 2) Present a well-rounded view of Utah as a whole.
 * 3) To make Wikipedia one of the premier online resources on Utah.

Statistics
See /Assessment.

Related WikiProjects

 * LDS movement
 * Utah State Highways
 * Deletion sorting: Utah

Templates
Applying to a talk page gives:

and adds the page to Category:WikiProject Utah.

Applying Utah-stub to an article page gives:

and adds the page to Category:Utah stubs.

Applying Utah-geo-stub to an article page gives:

and adds the page to Category:Utah geography stubs.

Applying Utah-bio-stub to an article page gives:

and adds the page to Category:Utah people stubs.

Applying to a talk page adds the page to Category:Wikipedia requested photographs in Utah.

Tools

 * Main tool page: toolserver.org

 * Reflinks - Edits bare references - adds title/dates etc. to bare references
 * Checklinks - Edit and repair external links
 * Dab solver - Quickly resolve ambiguous links.
 * Peer reviewer - Provides hints and suggestion to improving articles.

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Utah


text:
R13

R13 or R-XIII may refer to:

Aviation

 * Fouga CM.8 R13 Cyclone, a French sailplane
 * Lublin R-XIII, a Polish army-cooperation plane
 * Tumansky R-13, a Soviet turbojet engine

Roads

 * Jalan Gua Kelam, in Malaysia
 * R-13 regional road (Montenegro)

Other uses

 * R13 (drug), an antidementia agent
 * R-13 (missile), a Soviet missile system
 * R13 (Rodalies de Catalunya), a regional rail line in Catalonia, Spain
 * Chlorotrifluoromethane, a refrigerant
 * Nyaneka language
 * R13: Extremely flammable liquefied gas, a risk phrase
 * Rebellion R13, a prototype racing car
 * ROT13, a simple cipher
 * USS R-13 (SS-90), a submarine of the United States Navy
 * R 13, a Buffet Crampon clarinet model

title: R13


text:
The Bait (1973 film)

The Bait is a television film about LAPD Detective Tracy Fleming, who is out to catch a serial killer preying on women in Los Angeles. Filmed in 1971 and released in 1973, it stars Donna Mills. The film was based on former police officer Dorothy Uhnak's first novel, also titled The Bait, which won the MWA's Edgar for Best First Novel. She was reportedly embarrassed over the liberties taken with her work by this film. The film itself was the pilot for an unlaunched weekly TV series.

The Ledger, a later book by Ms. Uhnak featuring the same character, NYPD Detective Christie Opara, was adapted into the TV-film Get Christie Love! It also took liberties with the source material, but was, nonetheless, successfully turned into a TV series the following season.

title: The Bait (1973 film)


text:
Abor Hills

The Abor Hills is a region of Arunachal Pradesh in the far northeast of India, near the border with China. The hills are bordered by the Mishmi Hills and Miri Hills, and drained by the Dibang River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra.

During the British Raj, the hills had a reputation as a troublesome area, and military expeditions were sent against the residents in the 1890s. The region was administered as the Abor Hills District from 1948, with headquarters at Pasighat, but later reorganized into the Lower Dibang Valley and Lohit districts.

Colonial history
The Abor Hills are a tract of country on the north-east frontier of India, which was occupied by an independent tribe, the Adi people, formerly called the Abors. It lays north of Lakhimpur district, in the province of eastern Bengal and Assam, and is bounded on the east by the Mishmi Hills and on the west by the Miri Hills. The villages of the tribe extended to the Dibang river. The term Abor is an Assamese word, signifying "living free" or "independent," and is applied in a general sense by the Assamese to many frontier tribes. In its restricted sense, it refers specifically to this area because the Adi were considered to be difficult to control and resistant to centralized authority. In former times, they frequently raided the plains of Assam, and had been the object of more than one retaliatory expedition by the British government. The first Bor Abor expedition occurred in 1893-1894. Some military police sepoys were murdered in British territory. Then the Bomjir outpost was attacked by the Bor Abor men, killing 42 British sepoys. As a result, a force of 2,000 troops and 1,000 coolies was sent to the area under Col. J.F. Needham. The force traversed the Abor country and destroyed the villages involved in the murder as well as other villages that opposed the expedition. It was partially successful, though with the loss of many lives in the battle and failure to accomplish its objectives in defeating the Damroh village of Bor Abors. Therefore, a blockade was placed against them from 1894 to 1900.

The Abors, together with the cognate tribes of Miris, Daphlas and Akas, are supposed to be descended from a Tibetan stock.

title: Abor Hills


text:
Talk:Brong-Ahafo region

What is the copyright status of this? It seems to come from http://www.world66.com/africa/ghana/brong_ahafo_region, which has a creative-commons license. Kappa 17:56, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:57, 15 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Flag of Brong-Ahafo Region.gif
 * Flag of Western Region (Ghana).gif
 * Flag of the Eastern Region, Ghana.svg

title: Talk:Brong-Ahafo region


text:
Airtime (software)

Airtime is a radio management application for remote broadcast automation (via web-based scheduler), and program exchange between radio stations. Airtime was developed and released as free and open-source software, subject to the requirements of the GNU General Public License until it was changed to GNU Affero General Public License.

History
The initial concept for Airtime, originally named LiveSupport, and then Campcaster was developed in 2003 under GPL-2.0-or-later by Micz Flor, a German new-media developer. The concept was further developed by Ákos Maróy, a software developer and then-member of Tilos Radio, Robert Klajn, a radio producer at Radio B92, and Douglas Arellanes and Sava Tatić from the Media Development Loan Fund (MDLF). The initial development was financed from a grant from the Open Society Institute's Information Program, through its ICT Toolsets initiative. The development was originally coordinated by MDLF through its Campware.org initiative, now spun off as the independent not-for-profit organisation Sourcefabric.

In January 2011, Sourcefabric announced a rewrite of Campcaster, beginning with the 1.6 beta release. The new product, known as Airtime, replaced the C++ scheduler of Campcaster with Liquidsoap, and includes a drag and drop web interface based on jQuery. 1.6 was released in February 2011 under GPL-3.0-only.

Airtime 1.8.1 was released on May 3, 2011 following up on releases 1.7 and 1.8 in April. The ability to edit shows was introduced, show repeat and rebroadcast made possible, and the calendar improved with reported loading times five to eight times faster. Airtime's default output stream became Ogg, rather than MP3.

SoundCloud support, allowing users to automatically upload recorded shows, was announced in May 2011.

Airtime 1.8.2 was released on June 14, 2011, with improvements to installation, upgrade, file upload limit and the interface.

Airtime 1.9 was released on August 10, 2011, with a new file storage system that allowed users to set 'watch' folders, to synchronise files and to browse their audio archives. Also added were SHOUTcast support, a one line Ubuntu install command and improved front-end widgets. 1.9.4 was released on September 27 with DEB packages for Ubuntu and Debian.

The Airtime 2.0 release on 25 January 2012 added new features including stream configuration through the browser, live stream preview, and uploading of any audio file to SoundCloud.

On 5 June 2012, Airtime 2.1 added live stream rebroadcasting from remote sources and on-the-fly editing of live shows in a revised Now Playing interface. A bugfix update 2.1.2 was released on June 18.

Airtime 2.2 added smart blocks, live assist features and new streaming capabilities and was released on 29 October.

Airtime 2.5.2 added a new / rewritten installer, stability improvements and several new APIs. Released on March 16 of 2015 under AGPL-3.0-only. 2.5.2.1 is the last version released on April 8 of 2015.

Stalled Development and LibreTime Fork
In August 2016 a representative from the Sourcefabric development team released a statement that their focus for Airtime had shifted primarily to its SaaS offering to increase revenue stream, with hopes to concentrate on the open source project in the future. He mentioned the possibility of forking the project. In 2017, a group of broadcasters made the announcement of a new fork to continue open source development of the software under the new moniker LibreTime.

Campcaster
Campcaster is a free and open source radio management application for live broadcasting, remote broadcast automation (via web-based scheduler), and program exchange between radio stations. Campcaster was designed to allow implementation in a number of use scenarios, ranging from an unmanned broadcast unit accessed from remote through the Internet to a local network of Campcaster machines inside a radio station handling live broadcasts and delivering program automation by accessing a central audio storage system.

The initial concept for Campcaster, originally named LiveSupport, was developed in 2003 by Micz Flor, a German new-media developer. The concept was further developed by Ákos Maróy, a software developer and then-member of Tilos Radio, Robert Klajn, a radio producer at Radio B92, and Douglas Arellanes and Sava Tatić from the Media Development Loan Fund (MDLF). The initial development was financed from a grant from the Open Society Institute's Information Program, through its ICT Toolsets initiative. The development was originally coordinated by MDLF through its Campware.org initiative, now spun off as the independent not-for-profit organisation Sourcefabric.

Awards
In September 2011, Airtime was nominated as one of five finalists in the Packt Open Source Awards 2011 in the Multimedia category. In 2012, Airtime won the Guardian Awards for Digital Innovation in the category Best Use of Technology for Social Change.

West Africa Democracy Radio won a Knight-Batten Award for Innovations in Journalism in July 2011, with Airtime cited as part of the platform.

Radio stations using Airtime
On 18 January 2011, Resonance FM announced in Issue #324 of UK music magazine The Wire a partnership with Sourcefabric to help "with testing the software and developing new features."

West Africa Democracy Radio (WADR) launched a news platform that incorporated Airtime on April 1, 2011. Catalyst Radio announced the use of airtime for organising and broadcasting transmission content on June 13, 2011. Stress FM, a radio station based in Lisbon, uses Airtime to program its transmissions.

From July 15, 2012, Airtime uses Russian radiostation of international modern intelligent music Playpoint.fm

title: Airtime (software)


text:
User:JoergenF

Hallo Welt.

title: User:JoergenF


text: User talk:81.205.224.196

title: User talk:81.205.224.196