text:
Budgie (musician)

Peter Edward Clarke (born 21 August 1957), known professionally as Budgie, is an English drummer best known for his work in Siouxsie and the Banshees. He is also the co-founder of the Creatures.

He was the drummer of the Slits in 1979. He was then a member of Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1979 to 1996 and a member of the Creatures from 1981 to 2004. Budgie worked with other musicians including John Cale, Leonard Eto (formerly of the Kodo Drummers), John Grant and Anohni with Hercules and Love Affair. In 2023, he released the album Los Angeles with Lol Tolhurst and Jacknife Lee: the lead single and title track featured James Murphy of LCD Soundsystem on vocals.

Spin rated him one of "the 100 Greatest Drummers of Alternative Music".

Career
Budgie grew up in St Helens in the north west of England. He then lived in Liverpool in the 1970s, studying at an art school while being part of the local music scene. He rehearsed with other musicians at Eric's Club when there was no concert billed for the evening. He debuted as a drummer with the Spitfire Boys and Big in Japan before playing with the Slits on the 1979 album Cut. Years later in 2010, Slits singer Ari Up commented: "Budgie could play anything. [...] Sting loved the Slits album Cut and what he said about it was that the drumming, he was fanatic about the drums. A lot of people at the time were raving about the drums. They knew that he had a lot of technique but he had a sensitivity, you know, and a variation about him. He could go from reggae to punk to funk to jazz, you know, all over the place, but still very steady."

In September 1979, he joined Siouxsie and the Banshees on their Join Hands tour. Initially he was intended to be a temporary replacement for Kenny Morris, who had left the band two days into a tour, but Budgie remained with the group. He first performed with renowned guitarist John McGeoch on the album Kaleidoscope: Budgie became a permanent member of the band until they split up in 1996. He released nine studio albums with the Banshees. In 1981, he formed a second group with Siouxsie Sioux, named the Creatures. Their music was based more on drums and percussion, with marimba and vibraphone. The 1981 Wild Things EP and 1983 full-length Feast were their first releases.

On subsequent Creatures albums, Budgie also played keyboards, guitars and harmonica. He conceived brass arrangements with Peter Thoms on 1983 single "Right Now" and 1989's Boomerang album. Within the Banshees, he wrote the lyrics of several songs, including "She's Cuckoo", "Silver Waterfalls", "Staring Back", "Sick Child", "Hang Me High" and "Return" (the latter was co-written with Siouxsie). He also read the text on the 1992 b-side "Hothead". For the Creatures, he wrote the lyrics for several Boomerang-era songs, including "Willow", "Morriña" and "Pluto Drive" (the latter was co-written with Siouxsie).

In August 2002, Budgie first collaborated with Japanese taiko player Leonard Eto (formerly of the Kodo Drummers), recording spontaneous drum-duet improvisations in Tokyo for the fourth Creatures album, Hái!. The drum performances were then edited, and the rest of the sessions took place in France. Budgie was the sound engineer of the album, and he mixed it near Toulouse before its release in 2003. After recording four studio albums as the Creatures, Budgie's final performance with Siouxsie (featuring Eto and the Millennia Ensemble) was filmed in 2004 at the Royal Festival Hall in London for the DVD Dreamshow. This was Budgie's last concert and collaboration with Siouxsie.

Other projects including Los Angeles
Outside the Banshees and Creatures, Budgie played drums and harmonica for a Annie Hogan song called "Vixo", featuring Nick Cave on lead vocals which was recorded in October 1983: the track was released in 1985 on the 12" inch vinyl "Annie Hogan – Plays Kickabye". Budgie also worked with the Indigo Girls in 1992 on Rites of Passage, and briefly toured with them in the US and Europe at the end of that year. In 1994, Budgie recorded percussion on Hector Zazou's Chansons des mers froides, including a song for Jane Siberry. He later played drums for former Velvet Underground member John Cale on a US 1998 tour with The Creatures. Budgie played two sets each night, one with Cale and one with The Creatures. In 2009, he toured Europe with Juno Reactor and moved to Berlin. Later that year, he also recorded drums for Jessie Evans' Is It Fire? album.

In 2010, he teamed up with two other drummers, Eto and Mabi, plus multi-instrumentalist Knox Chandler and guitarist Sugizo, for a programme called "The Butterfly Effect: East-West Percussive Parade." It was described as a "drumming extravaganza, featuring Western kit, Japanese taiko and African drums, that will launch the musicians into a new sonic galaxy!". The programme's world première took place in Hong Kong in November 2010 as part of the New Vision Arts Festival. "The Butterfly Effect" featured improvised solos and ensemble works as well as new pieces and arrangements specially created for the festival, inspired by the pace, rhythm and character of Hong Kong.

He served as the drummer for Efterklang on their worldwide tour in 2012. They were accompanied by an orchestra. The premiere at the Opera House in Sydney was praised by Time Out. His last concert with Efterklang took place in Brussels in November. The Piramidia Concert, a live album recorded in Copenhagen, was issued in 2013.

Budgie and Eto performed live material from Hái! in Tokyo, 11 years after conceiving the drum parts in that city. The concert took place at the Studio Coast as part of Juno Reactor's set. He also played drums for CocoRosie at several shows.

He played drums on John Grant's third solo album, 2015's Grey Tickles, Black Pressure, playing in November with Grant on the accompanying tour. He performed again with Grant in the UK in 2015 at the latter's March concerts. That year, he also played with tabla player Talvin Singh for the first time since their collaboration on the Siouxsie and the Banshees' 1991-92 Superstition tour: Singh and Budgie gave a one-off performance at the "100 Years of Beat" festival in Berlin. He recorded percussion for Peaches for her cover version of Marc Bolan's "Solid Gold Easy Action" in 2020.

In October 2021, Budgie and Lol Tolhurst launched the Curious Creatures podcast, in which they talk about "post punk’s enduring legacy and contemporary relevance". The second season of the Curious Creatures podcast started in March 2022, with a new episode uploaded every week.

On a suggestion of Anohni who admired the percussion work on the Creatures' records, Budgie contributed to Hercules and Love Affair's album In Amber: they contacted him "to derail some of the arrangements for more impact". In Amber was released in June 2022 on vinyl. The lead single "Poisonous Storytelling" featured a collaboration with Anohni on lead vocal.

He featured on Thomas Truax's album Dream Catching Songs, "A Wonderful Kind Of Strange" was out in 2022.

Budgie, Tolhurst, and Jacknife Lee released their album Los Angeles in November 2023. They recorded it with guest musicians and singers including LCD Soundsystem frontman James Murphy, U2 guitarist the Edge, Primal Scream vocalist Bobby Gillespie, and Modest Mouse singer Isaac Brock. Mojo praised it as "thrilling", saying that "Los Angeles lands with a visceral impact, rich texturing and smart distortions adding a destabilising wobble". After touring in spring 2024, Budgie and Tolhurst added a US extra-date in Seattle at Bumbershoot festival on September 1st.

Legacy and influence
NME readers voted Budgie the best drummer of 1983. Spin rated him at No. 28 in their list of "The 100 Greatest Drummers of Alternative Music", writing: "Post-punk introduced a lot of amazing drummers, but none more influential than Budgie. With the Banshees, Budgie didn't just play rhythms—he played hooks and leads, brilliant parts that set the songs on fire. His tom-tom-intensive approach, [was] enlightened by his awareness of world music". Spin considered his "most booming moment" to be "Into the Light", from 1981's Juju, saying: "Budgie drums up a marvel of kinetic syncopation and invention".

Stewart Copeland of the Police described Budgie's playing as "very economical and offbeat", adding, "Budgie didn’t play your standard hi-hat–kick–snare; there were a lot of tom-toms and a big throb." Ari Up of the Slits felt that he was "a very sensitive drummer", saying, "He could go from reggae to punk to funk to jazz [...] but still very steady." Music journalist David Cavanagh commented that "Terry Chambers was, along with Budgie of Siouxsie and the Banshees, the outstanding English drummer of the post-punk era". Ian McCulloch said that Echo & the Bunnymen's drummer "Pete de Freitas loved his drumming". Taylor Hawkins of the Foo Fighters said: "I discovered Juju in my early 20s:... The way Budgie played drums was so influential – the tribal thing he was doing was so innovative."

Personal life
Budgie married Siouxsie in May 1991. In 2007, the pair publicly announced their divorce. Budgie has remarried and he is the father of two children: a daughter born in 2012 and a son born in 2014.

title: Budgie (musician)


text: File:Robot Stories movie.jpg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Robot Stories movie.jpg


text:
Talk:Greg Egan

Computer Programmer
Why is this in the category of Australian computer programmers? --198.160.96.7 (talk) 19:39, 8 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, that's a tricky one, but my guess is that it's because Greg Egan (a) is Australian, and (b) says on the front page of his own website "I am a science fiction author and computer programmer". Acasson (talk) 23:18, 8 March 2012 (UTC)

Picture Of The Author?
Is there a picture available to use of Egan anywhere on the net? There is a picture on Facebook in a users group paying tribute to his work, but unfortunately everyone there is fairly sure its the *wrong* Greg Egan. It would be nice to know what the man actually looks like. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.219.123.251 (talk) 13:37, 7 July 2008 (UTC)
 * No, there is not. See https://www.gregegan.net/ESSAYS/GOOGLE/Google.html – Fayenatic  L ondon 16:31, 3 July 2019 (UTC)
 * It would be contrary to the wishes of Mr. Egan to include an image on this page, as he's known to have expressed a desire for anonymity. Atomic putty? Rien! (talk) (talk) 18:42, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

Trivia section
Trivia sections on Wikipedia are considered very bad form. All imformation within this section should be dispersed to apropriate places within the article. --The_stuart 18:26, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

In the short story compilation Luminous, the word "luminous" occurs exactly once in every story (except for the title story Luminous in which it occurs many times). Continuing the tradition, a large number of Egan's other published novels and short stories include the word "luminous" exactly once.

 * I've confirmed it for the story The Planck Dive. Has anyone confirmed it with the other stories?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.167.111.178 (talk) 13:38, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

In an issue of the Top 10 comic book, an AI officer is asked whether he would have ethical issues with transferring his mind into a new body for purposes of undercover work. He answers that, as he is a "High Church Eganite", he would have no problem.

Other discussion
part of the edit on 29 Jan by 203.40.244.79:

"Like all good science fiction writers, Egan deals in ideas, but he also writes very well too. His 1994 novel Permutation City was a highly praised exploration of the copying of human personalities or minds, with a visionary hero who challenges society's understanding of 'copies', and of identity, computing, the laws of physics and reality."

Although I agree he is a good writer I have a sneaking suspicion that he may also not be the most modest person in the world ;) Anyone think this edit was infact perpetrated by Greg Egan himself?

 * Nah, that line seems more like the work of a crazed fan (no offense to the author). 63.130.197.32 03:29, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed - Egan also has a reputation as quite a recluse. - Jdowland

Either here or in Permutation City should include a summary and explanation of Dust Theory, which essentially says something that quantum physics says about reality and has been known in programming for some time -- that instructions computed out of order, so long as they maintain their relativism to each other, will always produce the same result. Time is an illusion; lunch time doubly so. -- zuzu

 * I think the correct home for such an article would be Dust Theory. -- Jon Dowland 13:17, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Is there ever going to be another book? Bethefawn 0011; 9.1.06

 * He's apparently signed for two short stories in the near future: details at http://www.ttapress.com/discus/messages/541/660.html?1114156632 -- Jon Dowland 13:17, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks very much! Bethefawn 07:46, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * He has another novel in progress called Incandescence. 4.89.245.114 00:18, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * There's a new short story set in the same universe -- not sure how long it's been on his site: Riding the Crocodile Tlogmer ( talk / contributions ) 17:29, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

In one of his earlier stories, Greg Egan wrote (bitterly) about the tendency of modern mystics to invoke quantum physics in their dogma -- from memory, he talked about how much these people love the Uncertainty Principle, and also how little they understand the actual meaning of the whole quantum thing. Since then, I've noticed the phenomenon several times - recently in "What the Bleep Do We Know" movement - and am thinking of naming the principle 'Egan's Law'. Problem is, I've forgotten the title of the story - can any of you help? Adambrowne666 00:21, 28 February 2006 (UTC) -- (oops -- belatedly googling the term, I now see there's already some strange new law in the States called Egan's Law - might have to come up with another name.)Adambrowne666 00:32, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * There are a lot of stories on those themes, but I don't remember exactly which one dealt with quantum mechanics centrally. Two I can think of are "Silver Fire" and "Our Lady of Chernobyl", from Luminous. Tlogmer 17:02, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Greg Egan happens to be listed also on the Wikipedia List of Anarchists - Now I realise that in Egan's novel 'Distress', the narrative is largely sympathetic towards the Anarcho-syndicalist island where much of the tale unfolds, but if Egan is indeed an anarchist, would it be worth mentioning in the Greg Egan article? I'll also put something in the discussion fro the list of Anarchists with a view to clarifying whether he in fact is etc. - Unregistered user.

Greg Egan has now been removed from the article List of Anarchists - so I guess that's the end of that. ;) - Unregistered user.

short story footnotes
Just some observations on how the stories tie together. Those who are interested in more non-encyclopaedic analysis may find my page on the subject interesting (when it's finished at least): http://alcopop.org/media/fiction/egan/. -- Jon Dowland 10:06, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

Add years for all the short stories?
Right now there are years of first publication listed for all the novels but not for the short stories. I'm willing (and inclined) to dredge all the years out of the bibliography on his website and incorporate them. Does anyone object? It'll probably take half an hour or more so I don't want to do it and then get reverted. 4.89.246.163 00:40, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Australian Atheist category
Egan was placed into category: Australian Atheists and then removed. I think it's pretty clear he is an atheist, and that he's from Australia ... Ppe42 19:32, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

 * yes well it does seem that way. but we should realy find something to back it up first.
 * Joeyjojo 15:21, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Egan is an intelligent man. Of course he's an atheist .... 1 .... 2Gardener of Geda 15:58, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Please die in a fire, Gardener of Geda. The world will be a better place without you being enlightened by your intelligence. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.0.82.213 (talk) 23:17, 7 July 2015 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 16:31, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

removed picture
I removed the picture from the article which was added by an unlogged in user on 29th September (forgot to log in myself though, doh!)

It's completely out of place in the article, doesn't conform to Wikipedia image guidelines and is a pretty ugly picture to be put in the middle of an article!

If you want to add it, please discuss why you think it would make a good addition on the talk page first, as well as making sure you can legally upload and use the picture.

Grahamhopgood 13:43, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

political picture
In one of the stories that Greg Egan wrote there's a section about a picture where John Howard is a small lice trying to suck on an appendage of bigger picture of George Bush. There are also other world leaders on there as well each sucking on an appendage of a bigger leader.

Has there been any artwork that is similar that was either the inspiration for the greg egan story or was inspired by the story? What was the story called?

 * Can't answer your other questions but the story was Chaff (and published in 1993, pre-George W. Bush). AnimalExtender (talk) 03:09, 6 January 2009 (UTC)

Ditmar Awards
In the Awards section of this page there is the following statement: "Egan was nominated for award of the 2000 Ditmar Award for best novel with Teranesia. He declined the award, which resulted in any of his future works being ineligible for the award." It is true that Egan declined the nomination of his novel in 2000, but I don't think that the rest of the sentence holds true. If he stated, in 2000, that he declined the Ditmar Award nomination for his novel Teranesia and all future works then that is a different matter. Just because he declined one nomination does not automatically preclude him from other nominations.Perry Middlemiss (talk) 23:13, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Removed Japanese collections
Removed Japanese books from the collections list since I think they don't fit in English wikipedia. --Fukumoto (talk) 17:07, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Oceanic and Other Stories (2000), ISBN 4-15-011337-8
 * Reasons to Be Cheerful and Other Stories (2003), ISBN 4-15-011451-X

Removed New Scientist quote
Removed the following quotation from New Scientist from the top of the article:

 * "The Universe may be stranger than we can imagine, but it's going to have a tough time outdoing Egan."

The problem is not the content of this quotation, but the style of presentation, which is not appropriate for Wikipedia (and you won't find comparable examples in other well-written articles). If you wish to include this quotation, it should be worked into the main text in a suitable place, and accompanied by an objective commentary. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Acasson (talk • contribs) 13:03, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

should go on wikiquotes then crosslink it. --Buridan (talk) 15:56, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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Hi, Greg! Welcome to your Wikipedia Page.
Having read your novels, I believe that you're exactly the sort of eccentric author who may feel the urge to visit his own Wikipedia page from time to time. If that's the case, I've left this as a little easter egg for you! Also, check out this link. Happy Wikipedia-ing, and gotcha. Atomic putty? Rien! (talk) (talk) 18:53, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Greg Egan


text:
USS Oak Hill (LSD-51)

USS Oak Hill (LSD-51) is a Harpers Ferry-class dock landing ship of the United States Navy. She is named in honor of Oak Hill, the residence of James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States. The Monroe Doctrine was penned at Oak Hill, and subsequently delivered at an 1823 congressional address which asserted that the Western Hemisphere was never to be colonized again. This doctrine is the inspiration for the ship's motto: Nations' Protector. Oak Hill is the second ship to honor the residence.

Oak Hill is currently homeported at Little Creek Amphibious Base, Virginia Beach, Virginia, and is assigned to Amphibious Squadron 8.

Operational history
Oak Hill was commissioned on 8 June 1996 and shortly after commissioning, Oak Hill served as command and control ship for the recovery of TWA Flight 800 wreckage.

Her maiden deployment came shortly thereafter (October 1996 to April 1997) and was scheduled to be a cruise to the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea for a series of exercises, foreign engagements, and port visits. However, near the end of the deployment, the ship was sortied from Alicante, Spain to join the Atlantic and Pacific Amphibious Task Forces into a single force to head to the Northern Arabian Sea and put pressure on the regime in Iraq to cooperate with UN inspectors. After spending time in 5th fleet, "Oak Hill" headed home in the spring of 1998. Ports visited in her maiden deployment were: Rota, Spain, Operation Bright Star (Egypt), Constanta, Romania, Thessaloniki, Greece, Haifa, Israel, Civitavechia, Italy, Cartegena, Spain, Alicante, Spain, Kuwait City, and Bahrain.

"Oak Hill" participated in Fleet Week in New York City over Memorial Day 1997.

From February to July 2000 the ship deployed with the USS Wasp (LHD-1) Amphibious Readiness Group (ARG) in the Mediterranean Sea in support of the military exercises Dynamic Mix and Noble Shirley. In May 2001 the ship was opened to public tours for Fleet Week at Port Everglades, Florida. From February to August 2002 Oak Hill was sent with the Wasp ARG and the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) to the Persian Gulf in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.

From January to March 2005 the vessel was sent to the Caribbean Sea as part of the USS Saipan (LHA-2) Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) in support of a New Horizons humanitarian assistance to Haiti. From January to May 2006, Oak Hill sailed with the destroyer USS Roosevelt (DDG-80) and the cruiser USS Vicksburg (CG-69) to the Persian Gulf in support of the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT).

From January to July 2007 the ship was a member of the USS Bataan (LHD-5) ESG that sailed to the Horn of Africa in support of the GWOT. In March, the ship was surge deployed to the Horn of Africa to conduct maritime interdiction operations (MIO) in support of the GWOT. This deployment lasted until October 2008. From June to August 2009 Oak Hill sailed to South America in support of the multi-national amphibious exercise, Southern Partnership Station 2009.

On 4 July 2011 the vessel participated in Independence Day activities in Boston with USS Constitution, through public tours, ceremonial guard, and training. From October to December that year, the ship traveled to South America to take part in the multi-national amphibious exercise, Southern Partnership Station 2011 and Anti-Trafficking operations and seized over 4 tons of cocaine. Upon Oakhill's arrival home the first same sex "first kiss" in the navy took place.

In May 2014, Oak Hill was designated the flagship for New York Fleet Week at Pier 92 in Manhattan. In September, the ship was designated the flagship for the "Star Spangled Celebration" (bicentennial celebration of the War of 1812) at Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland. In October the ship participated in Operation Bold Alligator 2014.

From May to September 2015 Oak Hill completed pre-deployment certification operations with the USS Kearsarge (LHD-3) ARG. From October 2015 to May 2016 the ship deployed with USS Arlington (LPD-24) and Kearsarge as part of the Kearsarge ARG to 6th Fleet and 5th Fleet areas of responsibility in support of Operation Freedom's Sentinel.

In June 2016 the ship completed surge deployment to 4th Fleet area of responsibility in support of the Panama Canal Expansion Ceremony. In August 2016 Oak Hill made a guest ship visit to Rockland, Maine in support of Annual Rockland Main Lobster Festival.

Oak Hill was deployed to the Texas coastline to assist with recovery from Hurricane Harvey. When Hurricane Irma threatened the US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, it was sent along with Kearsarge to assist there instead, and was then on station in Puerto Rico to assist with recovery from Hurricane Maria.

In December 2020 the U.S. Navy's Report to Congress on the Annual Long-Range Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels stated that the ship was planned to be placed Out of Commission in Reserve in 2025.

Shield
The dark blue and gold represent the U.S. Navy. The eagle's head, derived from the coat of arms of the Monroe family, represents both the heritage of the home Oak Hill for which the ship is named, and also the United States. The compass rose symbolizes navigation and a world-wide scope of operations. The anchor represents the trials and tribulations in the life of a sailor. A fouled anchor is the worst enemy. Gold stands for excellence, red for courage and sacrifice, and white for integrity.

Crest
The torch, derived from the Statue of Liberty's torch, symbolizes freedom, and also refers to the protection denoted in the ship's motto. The gold mullets record the five Battle Stars awarded to the first USS OAK HILL (LSD 7) for service in World War II. Gold signifies excellence.

Supporters
The crossed Navy and Marine Corps officer swords symbolizes the ship's united mission with the United States Marine Corps in amphibious operations.

Motto
"Nations' Protector" is a nod to the Monroe Doctrine. "Oak Hill" was the homeplace of James Monroe in Virginia.

title: USS Oak Hill (LSD-51)


text:
Talk:Head of the Commonwealth

Untitled
The title is not vested in the British Crown, and the Commonwealth's members may not agree that Charles, Prince of Wales, should automatically succeed the Queen as Head of the Commonwealth on his accession to the British throne.

This sentence is somewhat misleading, as it is unknown that Charles will actually succeed the Queen on the throne. SYSS Mouse 02:53, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Short of him pre-deceasing his mother, I very much doubt that he will fail to succeed her.
 * James F. (talk) 02:57, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Much content not relevant to title
Much of the content of this article is not relevant to the Head of the Commonwealth. Though Queen Elizabeth II happens to be Head of the Commonwealth of Nations as well as Sovereign of the Commonwealth Realms, the one has nothing to do with the other. She could well be Queen of the Realms without being Head of the Commonwealth of Nations, and vice versa. Likewise, when Charles ascends to the Throne he will become King of the Commonwealth Realms, but may not become Head of the Commonwealth of Nations.

I propose that much of the information relating to the Queen's past and present roles as Queen of various Realms be moved elsewhere, and this article stick purely to her role as Head of the Commonwealth. --gbambino 21:00, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Confusing Intro
The intro does little to properly explain what the formal title "Head of the Commonwealth" signifies. While the Queen currently holds this title, I am under the impression that other people in the future could hold this title, including future kings or queens. The article should be rewritten to explain first, what the title signifies, what duties it imparts on the holder (if any) and then explain other important details such as the fact that Queen Elizabeth holds it currently and has held it since such and such a date. --Cab88 11:40, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

Head of the Commonwealth's successor
"The title is not vested in the shared Crown [1] However, the assumption is that the title itself would become extinct were it not held by the shared monarch"

This doesn't make sense, since Elizabeth II isn't monarch of ALL the Commonwealth realms. It also implies that the "core" of the Commonwealth are the ones where she is head of state.

-aside from the fact that she is; by definition, monarch of all the commonwealth realms.JWULTRABLIZZARD (talk) 01:29, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

Opening line
I've 'tweaked' the opening line, so as it conforms to the article title & content. GoodDay 17:35, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Elizabeth II is Queen of 16 commonwealth realms (equally); my edit reflects this (as do the relating articles). GoodDay 13:22, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

1921 precedent
I am reasonably sure (and will try to find the ref) that in the tortuous negotiations to try to end the Ango-Irish War, Eamon de Valera put forth a proposal under which Britain and Ireland would be associated in a international organization of which the King would be President -- it was an attempt to satisfy British feelings while keeping Ireland a Republic. This is in essence the role that the British monarch holds today in the Commonwealth, and indeed Eamon O Cuiv (de Valera's grandson and an Irish politician in his own right) has proposed that Ireland return to the Commonwealth on that basis. If I can scrape up the reference, does anyone think it worthy of mention here? --Jfruh (talk) 22:48, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Definitely. --Gazzster (talk) 11:33, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

Propose deleting othing languages
I don't think its that important to know the Africaans and French titles for head of the commonwealth - there are of couse a great number of languages used by commonwealth states. YeshuaDavid (talk) 17:26, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

 * It's important enough to be in the article, but not important enough to be in the introduction. This article ought to be as comprehensive as possible, and that would, preferably, involve a comprehensive list of all languages' renderings.
 * On a side note, Afrikaans and French ARE notably different to most other languages, as they are official parts of the monarch's style in other countries in which the monarch is sovereign. Why is that important?  Non-realms are not necessarily required to have a separate language version of 'Head of the Commonwealth'.  However, Canada has to have a French language version and South Africa had to have an Afrikaans version.  Excluding the added fact that South Africa was instrumental in formulating the title, and that French is used officially in more Commonwealth countries than any language except English (six, whereas I believe only Swahili, SiSwati, Sotho, and Hindi are also official in more than one, although I stand to be corrected). Bastin 10:52, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

Gone with that and made it a seperate section. If anyone can add more about the languages, it would be appreciated, I know very little about it myself. Thanks, YeshuaDavid (talk) 17:26, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

Succession
The article presently states: "The title is not vested in the Crown as shared amongst the Commonwealth realms." This seems an odd claim, given that the title is granted to the monarch by law in sixteen countries. Also, the London Declaration recognises "The King as the symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth"; Elizabeth II inherited the title from her father without question or debate. Why then the claim that the title will not pass to Elizabeth's heir? -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  18:30, 10 March 2010 (UTC)
 * The reasons are that things have moved on a lot since the London declaration the best part of a century ago; the fact that the Queen is head of state in 16 stats has no legal bearing on her title as head of the Commonwealth. Its as simple as this - when she dies, there will be no head of the Commonwealth until (or if, a big IF) all member states agree to a new Head of the Commonwealth. One cannot say "The Head of the Commonwealth is Dead; Long live the Head of the Commonwealth". That's not the way it works here. 109.76.63.192 (talk) 13:43, 4 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Do you have a single source for those claims? Such as an amendment or retraction of the London Declaration, if that is one of the things that "have moved on a lot"? -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  00:12, 21 January 2012 (UTC)

Maori title
The article says that the Maori phrase for "Head of the Commonwealth" is Upoko o Nga Herenga ki Ingarangi. Now, I don't speak Maori, but I do know that Ingarangi is the Maori word for England. So the literal meaning of the phrase is presumably "Head of the Commonwealth and of England", or some such. Given that a) the position is not related to the Queen's functions in Britain, and that b) there is no English monarchy (only a British monarchy), this could do with being corrected. Is anyone fluent enough in Maori to be sure what the correct phrase should be? Aridd (talk) 11:33, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Well don in spoting that; I doubt the veracity of the claim that that is in any way an official translation. But, alas, I don't speak Maori. 109.76.63.192 (talk) 13:44, 4 June 2011 (UTC)
 * A Google search provides absolutely no usage of that expression (other than in websites that copy this page). I'm therefore deleting it. Aridd (talk) 11:26, 25 April 2018 (UTC)

The article is misleading as to who is the Head of the Commonwealth
This is what the Commonwealth website says:

Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II * Who will be the next Head of the Commonwealth? '''The Queen is Head of the Commonwealth in a personal capacity and the position is not an inherited one. It will be up to the Commonwealth Heads of Government to decide what they want to do about this symbolic role.'''
 * Who is Head of the Commonwealth?

Yet the article contains some nonsense that the person who is "monarch of the Commonwealth realms" (as if (a) it related to an Office ; and (b) as if the phoney term "monarch of the Commonwealth realms" had some official status. This is plain nonsense; QE2 is Head of the Commonwealth in a purely personal capacity, plain and simple. As per the Commonwealth's own website. 84.203.74.43 (talk) 21:34, 5 July 2011 (UTC)
 * The London Declaration states quite clearly: "The King [is] the symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth." As far as can be discerned, that has never changed; hence, Elizabeth inherited the position immediately upon the death of her father; there was no Commonwealth conference called to pick a new head when George VI passed. Also, the title "Head of the Commonwealth" is bestowed upon the sovereign of sixteen states by their respective domestic laws; note: the title isn't just Elizabeth's, it will pass to her heir upon their accession to the thrones of the Commonwealth realms. I don't know where the Commonwealth Secretariat got this "the position is not an inherited one" idea from. -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  02:11, 21 January 2012 (UTC)
 * The London Declaration does indeed state that the office is bestowed on the King, i.e. George VI. So, the office was personal to him. If it was combined with the office of British monarch the correct form is "the King and his heirs and successors according to law". That formula was not followed, and so the office is not inherited and Elizabeth's position is a personal one. From memory, I think this was agreed at one of the early CHOGMs. Apparently, she became Head because Nehru agreed to it at the time (India was the only republic in the Commonwealth at her accession). DrKay (talk) 22:44, 21 January 2012 (UTC)
 * And yet, the London Declaration also doesn't say the office was bestowed on George VI, specifically; it simply says "the King". In Commonwealth realms law, "the King" (as well as "the Queen", "the Crown", "His Majesty", "Her Majesty", and so on) means the reigning sovereign.
 * I'm not saying the Commonwealth Secretariat is necessarily wrong when stating the Queen's successor won't automatically become Head of the Commonwealth; I just don't see undeniable proof they're right. It's too odd that it's possible the next sovereign of the Commonwealth realms will be titled "Head of the Commonwealth" while not actually being Head of the Commonwealth. -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  04:20, 23 January 2012 (UTC)
 * The press is currently reporting that CHOGM is considering a resolution that would make the office hereditary, which implies that it isn't already. The article should have a section on this issue of succession, including a referenced statement of how the office passed from G6 to E2.  --BlueMoonlet (t/c) 11:30, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

Anglophiles would not like a title change...
...I am sure. This one has me torn. In a global context, "Head of Commonwealth" is confusing, because it could technically refer to the heads of any republic or state that styles itself a Commonwealth. There are a few such entities outside the British Commonwealth. However, I do not think any of them use an official title "Head of the Commonwealth." So, to avoid confusion, do we change the primary reference to "Head of the British Commonwealth," or continue to use the unique-to-the-British-Commonwealth name of "Head of the Commonwealth?" Dovid (talk) 13:13, 4 June 2013 (UTC)
 * The title, in law, in "Head of the Commonwealth". -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  16:50, 4 June 2013 (UTC)
 * AFAIK this is the only actual position whose title is "Head of the Commonwealth." I live in a different commonwealth, and we would never use that title to refer to our governor.    Hot Stop   21:42, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

Next Head of the Commonwealth
In the last paragraph of the top section, it reads that Prince Charles is "overwhelmingly likely" to be the next Head of the Commonwealth. However, the source does not support that. The source only says that the Queen seeks to make the role hereditary, and it remains to be seen that the Commonwealth would agree to that. It also mentions that the Commonwealth countries can choose the next head.-- Joshua Talk to me What I've done? 12:28, 20 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Don McKinnon discusses this in his book "In the Ring" on his time as Sec-Gen of the Commonwealth. It's essentially already been agreed that Charles will become head of the Commonwealth; there is agreement between the heads of govt of the Commonwealth that they will meet shortly after the end of the Queen's reign to confirm this. --LJ Holden 21:44, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

The official transition of the title has been speculated about for years, and an official report is to be presented to the Heads of Government Council at their summit in April of 2018. At 92, she's desirous of a retirement of some sort, and with the leaking of existence of secret negotiations on the subject a week or so ago, the question of whether or not Chuck should start now or whenever Mummy kicks off has already started a raucous debate. Not only that, it seems that Prince Harry has been offered an official job, and perhaps Wills as well.

With little Prince George only five or six, it's within the realm of possibility that QE2 will die of old age and a couple of years later a King Charles III might die of old age as well. If then, god forbid, King William V dies in an accident or is forced to abdicate, would an eleven year old George VII be Head of the Commonwealth? These are real questions and are going to be a topic of the report to be submitted to the April summit. Just a head's up. Arglebargle79 (talk) 19:47, 18 February 2018 (UTC)

Misread
I see now the edit summary was "Pre-Elizabeth II accession proclamation"; not "See Elizabeth II accession proclamation". Scratch my response in my edit summary, then. Instead: EIIR's accession proclamations are a red herring. George VI became Head of the Commonwealth after the Balfour Declaration and the Statute of Westminster; indeed, those two documents are the origins of the Commonwealth itself. He thus was, at that time, not only "of the United Kingdom", but also "of" Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ceylon, and Pakistan. -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  23:29, 26 October 2015 (UTC)
 * The sentence reads... "The title was created for...", meaning the very moment before it was created, George VI was "King of the United Kingdom... the British Dominions.." He couldn't have been given the new title, if he already had it. GoodDay (talk) 04:44, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Um, okay. But your point isn't clear. -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  05:01, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
 * His title wasn't already Head of the Commonwealth, when the title was bestowed on him. This is the reason I inserted "...of the United Kingdom" into the sentence, among other reasons. GoodDay (talk) 05:07, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Him not having a title before he got it is a statement of the obvious. What still isn't obvious is why you keep saying it. The point is: George VI was, before and after he possessed the title Head of the Commonwealth, king of more countries than the UK, which you acknowledge in your edit here, a change from before. The question now, then, is: does it need to be said in this article what countries George VI was king of? If yes, then maybe there actually needs to be more explanation of what the Commonwealth was pre-1949 and George's relationship to India before it became a republic. -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  06:03, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
 * I've expanded on that in the history section, as the lede is supposed to be only a summary. -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  06:14, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Probably no need to say "of the United Kingdom" or "King" for that matter, as its clear we talking about the King of the UK, not the King of Greece.   Like to mention too that the British Commonwealth was not created on a specific date, but was the name that came to replace "British Empire."  In the list of Heads, I think we should start with Elizabeth II at her coronation, since she became the first person to hold the title.  Obviously Elizabeth I was head of the Empire and Elizabeth II became head of the Commonwealth before the title was created.  But when the one became the other is a matter of speculation.  TFD (talk) 02:27, 30 October 2015 (UTC)
 * It isn't obvious at all. Elizabeth I didn't actually HAVE an empire, and the only colony, so to speak, was Ireland. The Headship of the Commonwealth was created in 1949, when George VI was still very much alive. Arglebargle79 (talk) 19:17, 18 February 2018 (UTC)

When does Charles take over?
I've deleted "upon succeeding his mother as monarch", because none of the references say when he will take over, only that he will. The leaders' statement says only that "The next Head of the Commonwealth shall be ... Prince Charles ...". Queen Elizabeth has only said that she wants him to take over "one day". According to news.com.au, "The Queen will turn 92 on Saturday and it’s likely this is her last CHOGM meeting" which suggests the possibility that she will retire from the position of head of the Commonwealth (but not necessarily Queen of England). Is there any reference that specifically says when Charles will take over? Mitch Ames (talk) 07:06, 22 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Some source say that he is already Head of the Commonwealth—seemingly an immediate succession to the position when Queen Elizabeth II died, as it was for his succession to the throne. See https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2022/09/09/king-charles-iii-is-now-head-of-the-commonwealth-but-what-is-it_5996381_8.html, https://www.thestar.co.uk/read-this/what-is-the-commonwealth-which-countries-is-king-charles-iii-head-of-state-for-what-role-will-he-play-3837942, etc. Compusolus (talk) 03:50, 10 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't know anymore. Some are saying he's already the Head of the Commonwealth & some are saying he isn't (yet). It's going to take awhile for the dust to settle. GoodDay (talk) 05:34, 10 September 2022 (UTC)

Footnote 4
...reads "Date of Elizabeth II's accession as Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand." Any particular reason South Africa, Ceylon, and Pakistan were left off this list? --Jfruh (talk) 19:16, 20 May 2018 (UTC)

Designated successor in infobox
Not a huge concern. But should we list the 'designated successor' in the infobox. In this case Prince Charles? as it's been about 3 years, since he was chosen. GoodDay (talk) 03:03, 10 August 2022 (UTC)
 * How would that be coded? DrKay (talk) 08:48, 10 August 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm not certain. GoodDay (talk) 16:28, 11 August 2022 (UTC)

Dubious
The Letters Patent creating Charles Prince of Wales also declare him to "preside", "direct" and "defend" Wales, none of which he does, therefore the patent is merely poetic and has no legal force. Besides which, the IP has misread the patent; the patent says that Wales will be held by Charles and his heirs for ever, not the Commonwealth. DrKay (talk) 06:41, 11 August 2022 (UTC)

Both of the sources introduced in an attempt to bolster this content were written after the content was introduced into the article and exactly mirror the same phraseology. So, we can safely assume that both copied from wikipedia, and are therefore not reliable sources. DrKay (talk) 15:54, 11 August 2022 (UTC)
 * In agreement, with deleting the IPs changes. GoodDay (talk) 16:32, 11 August 2022 (UTC)

 * The lettters patent have legal force; Charles would not have been Prince of Wales if they didn't. Regardless, the article doesn't claim the letters have legal force or don't. All the article states is "Queen Elizabeth II declared in 1958, through the letters patent creating Prince Charles as Prince of Wales, that Charles and his heirs and successors shall be future heads of the Commonwealth," which is exactly what the letters say: "to hold him and his heirs Kings of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of our other Realms and Territories Heads of the Commonwealth forever". -- ₪   MIESIANIACAL  09:49, 2 May 2023 (UTC)
 * And William's letters patent just dropped a while ago which also holds "to him and his heirs Sovereigns of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Our other Realms and Territories Heads of the Commonwealth for ever".  Peter Ormond  💬  16:43, 2 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I know that you know that Letters Patent issued by a British monarch have no legal force in determining the succession or the headship. Succession and headship of the Commonwealth can only be changed by agreement of all the realms in the former case and all the member states in the latter. If you wish to retain sourced material in the article then I cannot prevent it against consensus, but we are not under any obligation to retain material even if it is sourced. We can exercise our own judgment and choose not to include something we deem dubious. DrKay (talk) 18:10, 2 May 2023 (UTC)
 * The matter of leagal force is still not relevant. The letters say something about the headship of the Commonwealth and the article presently, as I see it, merely reflects what the letters patent say. Is there something wrong with the wording of the article as it stands now? -- ₪   MIESIANIACAL  18:14, 2 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm not objecting to the wording. I see no reason to include an irrelevant factoid constructed by a wikipedian which is then picked up and repeated by lazy journalists copying from wikipedia. DrKay (talk) 20:14, 2 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm unsure what you see as constructed. However, I think the letters patent deserve some mention, especially in light of the report of Elizabeth having been determined to see Charles as the next HotC. -- ₪   MIESIANIACAL  21:07, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Linking the 1958 letters patent to the succession. DrKay (talk) 21:11, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

Charles
Is Charles now the Head of the Commonwealth? I know that in 2018 the statement here said: "The next Head of the Commonwealth shall be His Royal Highness Prince Charles, The Prince of Wales." But, nothing was said about whether that would happen automatically, or immediately, upon Elizabeth's death. It was a statement of intent, and I have seen nothing to say that it has already been implemented (as at 0800 on the day after her death). Indeed, the Commonwealth website here at the time of writing says: "Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II is Head of the Commonwealth." It has not been updated. I have seen no public statement from the Commonwealth secretariat. The post is not hereditary. There may well need to be some process of formal ratification of the succession. We, as editors, should not jump the gun or make too many assumptions. Ghmyrtle (talk) 07:08, 9 September 2022 (UTC)

PS: This statement by the Commonwealth secretary-general makes no mention of the succession process. Ghmyrtle (talk) 09:02, 9 September 2022 (UTC)

 * I’ve taken the liberty of removing Charles III from the List of heads as well so that it reflects the rest of the article. This can be re-added when the matter is confirmed:

!3
 * 2019 Reunião Bilateral com o Príncipe Charles - 48848389972 (cropped).jpg
 * scope="row" |Charles III
 * 14 November 1948
 * 8 September 2022
 * Incumbent
 * Living
 * Living

 * 93.19.248.151 (talk) 08:13, 9 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Charles was chosen as Elizabeth' successor-to-be, at the 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting. Why are we holding back, having him installed as her successor? Last time I checked? Elizabeth is dead. PS - Isn't it possible that the people at the Commonwealth office, in all the excitement, forgot to update their webpage? GoodDay (talk) 21:41, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * The statement that "The next Head of the Commonwealth shall be His Royal Highness Prince Charles, The Prince of Wales" says precisely nothing about the process or timetable by which that will happen. There is nothing to say that it will be automatic, or immediate, and it would be wrong to assume that is the case.  There may well need to be a process of ratification, that will (presumably) implement the previous notice of intent.  We should wait until the secretariat makes an announcement.  Their website still says "Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II is Head of the Commonwealth", and adds: "The role... is not hereditary, and future Heads will be chosen by Commonwealth leaders.".  Just wait.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 22:01, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * We're overthinking this, TBH. When he's named? will we backdate it to September 8, 2022? or use the exact date he's named, even if it's months later. PS - Thank goodness we're not taking their website too literally & are keeping Elizabeth II listed, as the current head. GoodDay (talk) 22:07, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * We are not "overthinking". We are relying on our sources, rather than making guesses as to what we think may be happening.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 22:12, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * IF we're going to take the website so literally? Then Elizabeth II should still be shown in the infobox & other related infoboxes & pages, as the current Head of the Commonwealth. GoodDay (talk) 22:15, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Clearly not as she is deceased (and the Commonwealth is not North Korea), but we expect there to be an announcement, and that has not yet happened. Ghmyrtle (talk) 22:19, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * You can't have it both ways. Either we go by the website (you've mentioned) or we don't. GoodDay (talk) 22:21, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * The Secretary-General has commented on her death. No doubt, in due course (perhaps after a period of mourning or reflection) she will comment on her successor (or simply ensure that the website is updated).   Until then, just chill.  We can wait.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 22:27, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * It was automatic for Elizabeth in 1952. Did something change since then in regard to when the head of the Commonwealth takes office? -- ₪   MIESIANIACAL  22:14, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Who knows? We. Do. Not. Know.  We simply report what sources tell us, not our suspicions.  The website updated in 2022 says ""The role... is not hereditary, and future Heads will be chosen by Commonwealth leaders."    Perhaps you are unfamiliar with the idea that, on rare occasions, governments say one thing and then do something else.  We. Do. Not. Know.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 22:17, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Okay.
 * "King Charles III is now Head of the Commonwealth"
 * "Charles has become Head of the Commonwealth"
 * "the new Head of the Commonwealth, King Charles III"
 * "As king, Charles has become Head of the Commonwealth"
 * "Charles is also now Head of the Commonwealth"
 * "Charles has also become Head of the Commonwealth"
 * "King Charles III upon his mother's death on Thursday ... become the ceremonial head of the Commonwealth"
 * "Charles has become Head of the Commonwealth"
 * Do we need more? -- ₪   MIESIANIACAL  22:30, 9 September 2022 (UTC)

 * And here the Commonwealth Secretariat site has been revised overnight. "His Majesty King Charles III is Head of the Commonwealth."  All good. Ghmyrtle (talk) 07:30, 10 September 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
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 * HM The King, Charles III.jpeg

Succession section
Propose: the information in the 'Succession' section is fundamental to this article, and should be split into (key points in) the lede, and the rest in the History section. Onanoff (talk) 19:25, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

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 * King Charles III in 2022.png

title: Talk:Head of the Commonwealth


text:
Grand Théâtre de Québec

The Grand Théâtre de Québec is a performing arts complex in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. It was conceived to commemorate the Canadian Centennial of 1967 and the Quebec Conference, 1864, one of the key meetings leading to the Canadian Confederation of 1867.

Designed by Polish-Canadian architect Victor Prus, construction began in 1966 under Premier Jean Lesage but was stopped by the Union Nationale government of Daniel Johnson. Construction resumed in late 1967 but the theatre was not officially opened until January 16, 1971.

The theatre has two venues:
 * Salle Louis Fréchette, with 1,885 seats, is named after the 19th-century French-Canadian writer Louis-Honoré Fréchette.
 * Salle Octave Crémazie, with 510 seats, is named after the 19th-century Canadian poet, Octave Crémazie, who was known as "the father of French-Canadian poetry".

Since October 1972, the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Québec has been located in the Grand Théâtre's complex. In 1991, the theatre complex housed 49 classrooms, 70 teaching and practice studios, and a multi-media centre with a recording studio and electroacoustic lab. The complex is also home to a library which in 1991 included more than 60,000 documents of books, scores, monographs, periodicals, and recordings in various media formats.

The theatre was used for the 1985 Shamrock Summit when Prime Minister Brian Mulroney entertained U.S. President Ronald Reagan.

In 2020, the Grand Théâtre de Québec was restored and covered with a glass envelope supported by a steel frame, designed by Lemay and Atelier 21, to preserve the structure's architecture and a sculptural mural from artist Jordi Bonet embedded into the façade. Protected from temperature and humidity fluctuations, the approach was considered a first in North America at the time of its implementation.

Organizations which use the theatre include the Orchestre symphonique de Québec, the Théâtre du Trident, and the Opéra de Québec. The Quebec City Summer Festival often hosts events in the theatre.

title: Grand Théâtre de Québec


text:
User talk:Shingen

Since I'm the only person to edit my page, I'm biased. So my user page isn't NPOV-compliant. - Shingen 02:55, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedia Canada
Hi there! I'd like to invite you to explore Wikimedia Canada, and create a list of people interested in forming a local chapter for our nation. A local chapter will help promote and improve the organization, within our great nation. We'd also like to encourage everyone to suggest projects for our national chapter to participate in. Hope to see you there! -- user:zanimum

ES21 is up for Anime Collaboration of the Week
The Eyeshield 21 main article is up for the Anime Collaboration of the Week. It seems that ES21 is the frontrunner and in the event of the article being the AnCOTW, either one of us will have to take ownership of the article during this time. --TcDohl 05:12, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Hey man
"Well. This is rather interesting. We need some form of continuity. Half the DB pages refer to Funi names as alternate names. The other half consider them the actual names. I keep missing the votes, so I guess I'll be paying more attention to this talk page... If this page remains at Hercule, perhaps we should change Usagi Tsukino to Serena, Sakura Kinomoto to Sakura Avalon, and Doctor Tenma to Doctor Boynton. It's my opinion that if a work was released FIRST in another language, that the names of characters from the original language be the title of the articles. Do I make sense? I think so. Teh Shingen 12:28, 11 December 2006 (UTC)"

But here are the problems: 1. All English-language versions of Sailor Moon are now out of print anyway. 2. Sakura Kinomoto is known as Sakura Kinomoto in the English-language releases of the English manga 3. Doctor Tenma is known as such in the English-language versions of the manga AND the English-language release of the 2003 series 4. "It's my opinion that if a work was released FIRST in another language, that the names of characters from the original language be the title of the articles" - Would you rename Pokemon as Pocket Monsters? WhisperToMe 21:30, 11 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, that IS my opinion. Teh Shingen 00:09, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
 * To add.... That is my opinion but there is overwhelming released information to the contrary. Video games, comic books, lunchboxes. Thus, my opinion may be valid to me - but there would be a supermajority, hell, an almost unanimous opposition to such a move. So your example is an invalid one. Try not to use too many bad examples when you "rip up" my argument, k?

lol
Internet toughguy — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.196.37.80 (talk) 18:37, 13 August 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Keyconpic.jpg

The file File:Keyconpic.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unused personal photo."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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title: User talk:Shingen


text: User talk:203.148.187.196

title: User talk:203.148.187.196


text:
Shawwal

Shawwal (شَوَّال) is the tenth month of the Islamic calendar. It comes after Ramadan and before Dhu al-Qa'da.

Shawwāl stems from the Arabic verb shāla (شَالَ), which means to 'lift or carry', generally to take or move things from one place to another. The month was so named because a female camel would normally be carrying a fetus at this time of year in pre-Islamic Arabia.

Fasting during Shawwāl
The first day of Shawwāl is Eid al-Fitr; fasting is prohibited. Some Muslims observe six days of optional fasting during Shawwāl beginning the day after Eid ul-Fitr since fasting is prohibited on this day. These six days of fasting together with the Ramadan fasts are equivalent to fasting all year round. The reasoning behind this tradition is that a good deed in Islam is rewarded 10 times, hence fasting 30 days during Ramadan and 6 days during Shawwāl is equivalent to fasting the whole year in fulfillment of this obligation.

The Shia scholars of the Ja'fari school do not place any emphasis on the six days being consecutive, while among the Sunnis, the majority of Shafi`i scholars consider it recommended to fast these days consecutively. They based this on a hadith related by Tabarani and others, wherein Muhammad is reported to have said, "Fasting six consecutive days after Eid al-Fitr is like fasting the entire year." Other traditional scholarly sources among the Hanafiyya and Hanbaliyya do not place an emphasis on consecutive days, while the strongest opinion of the Malikiyya prefers any six days of the month, consecutively or otherwise.

Timing
The Islamic calendar is a purely lunar calendar, and its months begin when the first crescent of a new moon is sighted. Since the Islamic lunar year is 11 to 12 days shorter than the solar year, Shawwāl migrates throughout the seasons. The estimated start and end dates for Shawwāl, based on the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia, are:

Islamic events

 * Every 1st day of Shawwāl, Eid al-Fitr is celebrated throughout the Muslim World for three consecutive days until the 3rd day of this month (but celebrations of the festival lasts until the 29th/30th day as per the festive season's duration).
 * 07 Shawwāl 3 AH, early Muslims took part in the Battle of Uhud.
 * 10 Shawwal, birth of Ahmed Raza Khan.
 * 13 Shawwāl, primary traditionist of the Sunni Muslims, Muhammad al-Bukhari, was born in 194 AH.
 * 18 Shawwal, urs of Sufi Mystic And Poet Amir Khusro.
 * 22 Shawwāl 1284 AH, death of Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari, an Afghan Sufi master of Naqshbandi tradition.
 * 25 Shawwāl 148 AH, martyrdom of Imām Ja‘far as-Sādiq.
 * 28 Shawwāl 1409 AH, Ayatollah Khomeini dies due to bleeding in his digestive system after suffering numerous heart attacks.

title: Shawwal


text:
Yarmouth, Iowa

Yarmouth is an unincorporated community in northwestern Des Moines County, Iowa, United States.

History
The village was laid out by Andrew C Kline after arriving here in 1876 and opening a general store. Around the same time, a blacksmith set up shop here.

In 1881, around the time the Burlington and Northwestern Railway arrived, the La Vega post office, originally about a mile to the east, was moved here and renamed Yarmouth. By 1885, the village had close to 100 residents, and included 3 general stores, a drug store, blacksmith shop, billiard hall, and two churches. In 1897, Yarmouth had a stock yard across the tracks from the depot, two grain elevators, and the Starker Brother's Lumber Yard and Corn Cribs. The post office was across the street from a bank, and there was a Baptist and a Methodist Episcopal church, along with perhaps 20 houses. Many of the vacant lots were owned by the Narrow Gauge Land Company.

In 1902, Yarmouth's population was 55. By 1905, There was a Masonic lodge, Federal Lodge No, 445, and the Mutual Telephone Company of Yarmouth was in business.

Geography
Yarmouth is located on a broad low ridge that has been identified as a terminal moraine of the Illinoian glaciation. The land to the west is pre-illinoian, while the land to the east of this ridge is Illinoian glacial till. Geological investigation of wells drilled in Yarmouth led to the discovery of a paleosol on top of the pre-illinoian surface and buried under the terminal moraine. This has been named the Yarmouth paleosol, and the interglacial era during which this soil layer was built was formerly called the Yarmouth interglacial.

205th Avenue passes north–south through Yarmouth at an elevation of 810 feet above sea level; this forms part of Des Moines County Highway X31.

title: Yarmouth, Iowa


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Bath/archive1

Bath
Clearly not a FAC yet, but I'd like to know what exactly people feel needs to be done to get it to this standard. --Oldak Quill 02:56, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Considering the importance of the architecture, I don't think you've got anything near enough on that aspect. How about roping in a specialist for a substantial section on it? Giano comes to mind. Less essential, but for my taste interesting, would be a short section on Bath as depicted in literature, and maybe in other arts. A large portion of Jane Austen's Persuasion (1816) takes place in Bath, with topical descriptions of taking the waters, social life, and cultural resources like music recitals. (Jane Austen lived there for some time, and disliked the place, which kind of shows in the novel.) I guess that's optional, though; expanding the architecture isn't. Very nice pictures, btw! I love the top one. Bishonen | Talk 00:23, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The whole thing needs pulling together, as requested I've done an architectural section, but there is insufficient space for an architectural appraisal of each street and building, somebody needs to take the 'bull by the horns' and do a bold re-write redistributing the information already there under new headings. Don't look to me me I dislike Bath -  It's faux and contrived (my POV) Giano 19:34, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Based on my experience with San Jose, California, it would likely get objections for the number of redlinks (mostly in Culture section), and possibly for "Places of interest" being a list, instead of prose. It would be nice if the Demo section noted what nationalities the 3% were, or most likely to be. Any sport (US meaning) teams? Something on education--ie any universities? Ah, just found mention under Industry--might try to add enuf to make education its own section. Media?--TV/radio/newpapers. Economy/workforce/resident companies (more specifics than currently under "Industry")? Favorite sons?--notable people born or raised in Bath? Libraries/Parks? any particular damage from either world war (or any of the 'I had no idea how many' wars prior)? For a timeless encyclopedia, maybe put History before 'Local government'? San Jose is not perfect, but it did make it as an FA. Seattle, Washington (which seems to have comprable physical limitations) is another example of a near FA-quality article--most of my comments are based on my knowledge of those articles (although I think Seattle puts too much emphasis on the current elected leadership--most of those people will be historical footnotes, at best, 100 years from now). The History section mostly covers up to the 18th century, with a brief mention of the 19th cent. Seems like a discussion of the 18th-21st cent is in order, even if faily bland. I agree with Bishonen that 'Bath in lterature' might deserve more coverage. How about Transportation?--any light rail, airports, bus system, etc.? Try to put yourself in the mind of a 22nd cent. historian--what would you want to know about 21st cent Bath, and how it got there? Niteowlneils 12:53, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I suppose a section on the university would be comtemporary and useful, isn't a new spa being opened there also last year or next year, it went grossly over budget, or am I thinking of somewhere else? Giano 16:22, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, compared to Paris or London, it's missing coordinates, area, a map, coat of arms, transport and an origin of the name. Otherwise it looks pretty decent, if sketchy in places. Perhaps merge Tourism and Industry into Business. — RJH 23:52, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Peer review/Bath/archive1


text:
Robot Stories

Robot Stories is a 2003 American independent anthology science fiction comedy-drama film written and directed by Greg Pak. The film consists of four stories in which human characters struggle to connect in a world of robot babies and android office workers.

Plot
The film is divided up to four short stories:

My Robot Baby
A young Marcia hides in the closet from her parents' fighting due to a mistake she has made. Marcia apologizes when her mother finds her in the closet; her mother tells Marcia to never fall in love, get married, and have children. Twenty-five years later, Marcia is married to Ray and they are looking towards adopting a child. After going to an adoption clinic, they apply for an adoption trial where they take care of a robotic baby before they can adopt a human child. Marcia begins to struggle when she is alone to take care of the robot baby, as she becomes flustered with what to do when the baby cries. Marcia brings the robot baby to her father, a handyman, and sees if he can tamper with the electronics of the robot. However, Marcia’s father worries that the doctors of the adoption clinic will detect the alteration of the robot. Nonetheless, Marcia persists on getting the baby reprogrammed and leaves the baby to her father while Marcia goes to work. As Marcia comes home to the robot baby now automated, she attempts to talk to the baby. However, the robot baby goes berserk and attacks Marcia. Marcia finds the robot baby in the closet, then remembers her young self hiding in the closet as her own mother was angry. Marcia then cries and is able to hug her robot baby, finding closure to her past.

The Robot Fixer
Bernice witnesses her son, Wilson, in a severe accident that left him in a coma. Upset, she heads to Wilson's apartment and cleans up the place with her daughter, Grace. Bernice finds Wilson's old toy robot collection and attempts to find the missing parts through yard sales and hobby shops. Throughout the search, Bernice remembers flashbacks of how little she really knows of Wilson, as the young Wilson would play with his robot toys and not hear Bernice's callings. As Bernice learns that Wilson will inevitably die, Bernice scrambles to find the last robot, specifically, a missing wing from the only "girl" robot her son's collection. (In a flashback, Bernice remembers carelessly vacuuming up the now missing wing). She finds the complete female robot shop at a local hobby shop, only to find it is not for sale, as it is very rare. In an act of desperation, she steals the wing, attaches it to Wilson's toy, and pretends to fly it through the air, perhaps as a way to accept that her son is now truly gone, and is making his way toward heaven. To apologize for the theft, she sends all of Wilson's toys to the shop/collector, but keeps the angel like female robot as a way to stay connected to her son, even though she now finally accepts his death.

Machine Love
An office worker android, Archie, arrives at a workplace to do computer work. As he attempts to make acquaintance with people in the office workplace, he is rejected and shunned because he is a robot. Bob, the technician in charge of Archie, forgets to turn off Archie one night, letting him wander about the empty office complex after he finishes his work. He spots another office worker android across the street and stares at her all night. This becomes a reoccurring event for Archie, as Bob keeps forgetting to turn off Archie. As morning arrives, the workers are angry that Archie is not doing his work as he is low on power. Bob is then forced to turn Archie off, but Archie signals to Bob that he wants to meet the other office worker android across the street. As the two robots meet, they talk to each other and interact in a sexual manner.

Clay
John, an old sculptor, is told that he has only one year left to live. The doctors have recommended him to merge his consciousness into the digital world so he can live forever. He goes home and talks about his life expectancy to his wife (who has died in the past and is now a virtual hologram). The following day, John's son asks him to merge his consciousness in order for John to assist him, but John refuses as he wants to keep using his physical senses to make sculptures. John visits his wife in virtual space to ask her where she is, to which she responds multiple locations. John, unable to accept life after death through virtual reality, dies.

Cast

 * Tamlyn Tomita as Marcia
 * Gina Quintos as young Marcia
 * James Saito as Ray / Groper
 * Wai Ching Ho as Bernice
 * Greg Pak as Archie
 * Julienne Hanzelka Kim as Lydia
 * Sab Shimono as John
 * Eisa Davis as Helen
 * Ron Domingo as Tommy
 * Cindy Cheung as Grace
 * Louis Ozawa Changchien as Wilson
 * Angel Desai as Amanda
 * Bill Coelius as Bob
 * Vin Knight as Doug
 * Karen Tsen Lee as Mrs. Ito
 * Glenn Kubota as Mr. Ito
 * John Cariani as Salesman

Production
Principal photography began on September 10, 2001, one day prior to the 9/11 attacks.

Authenticity as Ideology
The characters in Robot Stories all have ideological developments, which they accept in some form. In Robot Baby, Marsha forgives herself from the past by accepting the robot baby as a child that she can care for. Her revelation that she is becoming what she feared from her past was the climax of her change, leading to her discovery of her true identity. In The Robot Fixer, Bernice notes how she never had a strong connection with her son due to their contrasting ideologies. It led her to rediscover who her son really is and to bring the relationship closer as her son nears death. Machine Love provides Archie a way to connect with others when others would not connect with him due to his “race” as a robot. By finding another robot working at a different corporation, Archie would finally be able to communicate without rejection. Clay allows John to decide the meaning of life in a world where consciousness can be permanently stored. As a sculptor, John is unable to cope with the fact that life without a physical body was not authentic life as the emotions of his wife have slowly become artificial to him while physical activities can no longer be a challenge. Hence, he finds that eternal consciousness is not worth living for.

Reception
The film received largely positive reviews and has a score of 74% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 43 reviews with an average rating of 6.6 out of 10, the consensus being that "Although its 4 stories vary in quality, Robot Stories is still worth a look for Twilight Zone fans".

Wesley Morris from The Boston Globe in his review said "In Robot Stories, technology hasn't colonized human life, it's finding ways to make living (and loving) better".

The San Francisco Chronicle in their glowing review said that "This is a science fiction film, but like all excellent movies in the genre, the focus never strays from the human heart."

The TV Guide review awarded it with three and a half out of four, and wrote that the film is "ostensibly about artificial life forms, each of these four short, expertly crafted stories offers a poignant perspective on what it means to be human".

The Christian Science Monitor's review of Robot Stories said that it was "Four stories with automatons as important characters...The last is the most touching, but all are skillfully made."

Robot Stories received much praise for the direction by Greg Pak. Variety magazine said "Pak understands the short form well, mercifully avoiding blatant O'Henry twists while pulling off neat reversals of expertly set-up genre expectations", and Elvis Mitchell of The New York Times wrote of Pak's directing saying that "The most startling aspect of Robot Stories is not the mix that the director built from spare parts left on the curb but the evolving dramatic acumen of its maker; he's a talent with a future."

title: Robot Stories


text:
File:Vigorita PIE-Saturnian.png

created and submitted by Angelo O. Mercado based on John Vigorita, Indo-European Comparative Metrics, University of California, Los Angeles Ph.D. Dissertation, 1973
 * Proto-Indo-European reconstruction of the Old Latin Saturnian by John Vigorita

title: File:Vigorita PIE-Saturnian.png


text: User talk:68.100.255.152

title: User talk:68.100.255.152


text:
User:Thanathos

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!  — Zeimusu | Talk 03:01, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
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Images
When uploading images please always edit the image description page and do two things:
 * 1) State the source of the image (created yourself, the address of a web page or another source.)
 * 2) State the copyright. The easiest way to list the copyright is to use a copyright tag. The most important tags are {{GFDL}}, {{PD}}, and {{fairuse}}. GFDL is for images that you create yourself. PD is for public domain images (pre-1923 in most cases). Fair use is for copyrighted images that we can use under the fair use rules in the USA.

Without proper source and copyright information, images will eventually be deleted!  — Zeimusu | Talk 03:01, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Thanathos


text:
Blind Shaft

Blind Shaft is a 2003 film about a pair of brutal con artists operating in the illegal coal mines of present-day northern China. The film was written and directed by Li Yang (李杨), and is based on Chinese writer Liu Qingbang's short novel Shen Mu (Sacred Wood).

Plot
Most coal mines in China are worked by migrant workers who are forced to endure back-breaking, dangerous work in order to send money home. Some of them have additional schemes of their own.

Song Jinming (played by Li Yixiang) and Tang Zhaoyang (Wang Shuangbao) are professional con artists, running an intricate scam they have perfected through repeated practice. They find a naive young man looking for work, and convince him that they have arranged three lucrative coal mining jobs for themselves and a relative. The relative has not arrived in time, leaving a gap which they generously offer to the victim, on the condition that he pretend to be the missing relative. After a few days of working in the mine, they murder the victim, and by making the murder look like an accident, they use his death to extort compensation money from the mine's management.

After introducing the scam, the film follows the pair as they repeat it on a new victim, sixteen-year-old Yuan Fengming (played by Wang Baoqiang). Tensions arise as Song begins to have reservations, touched by the victim's youth and innocence and the uncanny resemblance of Yuan's father to their first victim of the film, while Tang remains focused on making money for himself and his own family.

Production history
Most of the filming took place 700 meters underground on the border between the Hebei and Shanxi provinces of northern China. Li and his crew were harassed and threatened during the filming.

Reception
Blind Shaft has won at least twelve awards, including a Silver Bear for Outstanding Artistic Contribution at 53rd Berlin International Film Festival in 2003.

Ban in China
Blind Shaft has not been approved for release in China. The Economist noted how "directors are eager to comment on the rapid changes in Chinese society. But films such as Li Yang's Blind Shaft (a bleak, compelling picture about life in China's illegal coal mines)... were not shown to local audiences even though they had been acclaimed abroad."

The director has stated that although he is not sure exactly why the film was banned in China, he believes the film's content has "no political stigma" attached to it, noting that the novel received China's highest literary award, the Lao She Literary Prize.

Discussing the film's themes, Li emphasizes the universal, human elements:

Economic disparity is a common problem of all humanity. Man’s desire for money and other attractions is boundless and this is how he loses his humanity. My film is set in China but the story could have occurred in Germany, the US or in Australia. I made it in China simply because I am Chinese and familiar with the country. The basic theme is universal.

title: Blind Shaft


text:
Repeal

A repeal (O.F. rapel, modern rappel, from rapeler, rappeler, revoke, re and appeler, appeal) is the removal or reversal of a law. There are two basic types of repeal; a repeal with a re-enactment is used to replace the law with an updated, amended, or otherwise related law, or a repeal without replacement so as to abolish its provisions altogether.

Removal of secondary legislation is normally referred to as revocation rather than repeal in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Under the common law of England and Wales, the effect of repealing a statute was "to obliterate it completely from the records of Parliament as though it had never been passed." This, however, is now subject to savings provisions within the Interpretation Act 1978.

In parliamentary procedure, the motion to rescind, repeal, or annul is used to cancel or countermand an action or order previously adopted by the assembly.

Partial or full repeals
A partial repeal occurs when a specified part or provision of a previous Act is repealed but other provisions remain in force. For example, the Acts of Union 1800, providing for the union between the formerly separate kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland as the United Kingdom, was partially repealed in 1922, when (as a consequence of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty), twenty-six of the thirty-two counties of Ireland were constituted as the Irish Free State, and ceased to form part of the United Kingdom.

A full repeal occurs where the entire Act in question is repealed.

Repeal with or without re-enactment
A typical situation where an Act is repealed and re-enacted is where the law in the area is being updated but the law being repealed needs to be replaced with one suitable for the modern era. Re-enactment can be with or without amendment, although repeal and re-enactment without amendment normally occurs only in the context of a consolidation bill (a bill to consolidate the law in a particular area).

For example, the repeal of the Poor Laws in England in 1948 reflected their replacement by modern social welfare legislation.

A repeal without replacement is generally done when a law is no longer effective, or it is shown that a law is having far more negative consequences than were originally envisioned.

If a campaign for the repeal of a particular law gains particular momentum, an advocate of the repeal might become known as a "repealer". The Repeal Association in 19th-century Ireland advocated Irish independence through repeal of the Acts of Union 1800.

Many repeals without replacement are the result of significant changes in society. Major examples include:
 * The old Jim Crow laws or blue laws in the US
 * The Corn Laws in England, repealed in 1846 after a passionate campaign.
 * Repeal of Prohibition in the United States. Enacted by the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibition of alcoholic beverages was repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment. This is the only constitutional amendment to have ever been repealed in the United States.
 * The massive Statute Law Revision Act 2007 in the Republic of Ireland, through which 3,225 Acts were repealed, dating back over eight centuries to 1171 and the earliest laws enacted by England when it began its invasion of Ireland. The statutes repealed include a number of Acts of significant historical interest, including an Act of 1542 providing that the Kings of England shall be Kings of Ireland. This Act is the largest single repealing statute in the history of Ireland.

Express or implied repeal
The repeal of a statute may be either express or implied.

Express repeal occurs where express words are used in a statute to repeal an earlier statute. They are now usually included in a table in a schedule to the statute, for reasons of convenience.

In the United States, when a bill is passed by the House and Senate and signed by the president, or Congress overrides a presidential veto, the various provisions contained within the newly enacted law are rearranged according to their policy content and cataloged in the United States Code—a compilation of the general and permanent federal laws of the United States. To repeal any element of an enacted law, Congress must pass a new law containing repeal language and the codified statute's location in the U.S. Code (including the title, chapter, part, section, paragraph and clause). In this way, Congress (and the president) must follow the same rules and procedures for passing any law. When statutes are repealed, their text is simply deleted from the Code and replaced by a note summarizing what used to be there. Once deleted, the repealed statute no longer has the force of law. All repeals of parts of the US Code are, therefore, express repeals.

Implied repeal occurs where two statutes are mutually inconsistent. The effect is that the later statute repeals the earlier statute pro tanto (in so far as it is inconsistent). As past and future parliaments are equally sovereign, later parliaments can carry out implied repeal of earlier statute by passing an inconsistent statute, but inconsistency needs to be established before implied repeal can occur.

Repeals with or without savings
Repeals can be with or without savings.

A repeal without savings eliminates the repealed statute completely.

A repeal with savings preserves the effect of the repealed statute for limited purposes, such as preventing the reversal of any repeals contained within it, or ensuring that rights granted under its authority are retained. In England and Wales, sections 15 to 17 and 19(2) of the Interpretation Act 1978 set out general savings for all repeals. These re-enact similar provisions from the Interpretation Act 1889, and before 1953 all Statute Law Revision Acts contained a different general savings provision deemed the Westbury saving, which has now fallen out of use. Similar provisions exist in the law of Ireland and other common law countries.

Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (RONR)
In meetings of a deliberative assembly, the motions to rescind (or "repeal" or "annul") and amend something previously adopted are used to change action that was taken. They are two forms of the same incidental main motion and they follow the same rules. A motion to postpone an event or action previously scheduled is a particular case of the motion to amend something previously adopted.

Under Robert's Rules of Order, the rules for this motion protect against instability arising from small variations in attendance from one meeting to the next. For this reason, the requirements for changing a previous action are greater than those for taking the action in the first place. A motion to rescind, repeal, annul or amend something already adopted requires a two-thirds vote, a majority vote with previous notice, or a vote of a majority of the entire membership, any one of which would suffice. Demeter's Manual imposes a similar requirement.

When this motion is used in a committee, RONR requires a two-thirds vote unless all committee members who voted for the motion to be rescinded or amended are present or have received ample notice; in which case a majority vote is required.

The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure (TSC)
Under The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure, a repeal or amendment of something already adopted requires only the same vote (usually a majority) and notice that was needed to adopt it in the first place. This book states, "As a general rule, fewer than a majority should not be authorized to decide anything, and more than a majority should not be required for most decisions"; the book further states that the problem with situations in which a supermajority is required is that "the minority, not the majority, controls."

Legislative use
In legislative bodies, the motion to rescind is used for much the same purpose as the motion to reconsider; many court decisions treat the two motions as one motion. However, in legislative contexts, it is not the same as a motion to repeal. The difference between rescind and reconsider is that the motion to rescind is ordinarily applied to actions that have been taken and are already in effect. It has been described as being in the nature of a motion to amend by striking out the entire proposal and leaving nothing remaining. It is not in order when the question can be reached by a motion to reconsider. Once legislation has been actually enacted, it is too late to rescind. The vote required to rescind is the same as would be required to repeal the act which it sought to rescind (usually a majority).

Rescind and expunge from the minutes
The motion to rescind and expunge from the minutes is used to express the strongest disapproval about action previously taken by a deliberative assembly. Using Roberts Rules of Order Newly Revised, this motion requires a vote of a majority of the entire membership. Using The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure, the motion to expunge requires a majority vote (of those voting). The secretary does not erase the expunged motion, but draws a line around it, marks it "expunged by order of this assembly," gives the date of the expunging, and signs the notation. The expunged motion is not included in any minutes published thereafter.

title: Repeal


text:
Zburător

Zburător or sburător (Romanian word meaning 'flyer') is a supernatural being in Romanian folklore, described as a "roving spirit who makes love to maidens by night".

General description
The zburător is also likened to an incubus, and described as a malevolent demon active in a "oniric-erotic" manner, i.e., visiting women in their dreams in the guise of a handsome young man.

The zburător is otherwise referred to as a zmeu (another dragon-like creature) in some regions, though perhaps perceived to have more human-like aspects than the zmeu.

History of lore
Dimitrie Cantemir, writing about the myth concerning it in Descriptio Moldaviae (1714–1716), stated that the "zburator" meant "flyer", and according to the beliefs of the Moldavan it was "a ghost, a young, handsome man who comes in the middle of the night at women, especially recently married ones and does indecent things with them, although he cannot be seen by other people, not even by the ones who waylay him".

A literary reworking of the myth later appeared in the romantic poem by Ion Heliade Rădulescu Zburătorul ('The Flyer/Flying Incubus', 1843), and the "incubus" with flowing black hair visiting a young girl and inducing her erotic awakening. The myth reappears in the late romantic literature, in poems such as Călin (file de poveste) (Călin (story pages)) and Luceafărul (The Evening Star) (1884) by Romanian poet Mihai Eminescu.

The zburător (sburător ) myth became one of the four fundamental myths in Romanian folk poetry according to the framework of George Călinescu (1941).

title: Zburător


text:
File:West PIE-Saturnian.png

created and submitted by Angelo O. Mercado based on M. L. West, “Indo-European Metre,” Glotta 51 (1973): 161–187
 * Proto-Indo-European reconstruction of the Old Latin Saturnian by John Vigorita

title: File:West PIE-Saturnian.png


text:
American Red Cross Nursing Service

The American Red Cross Nursing Service  was organized in 1909 by Jane Arminda Delano (1862-1919). A nurse and member of the American Red Cross, Delano organized the nursing service as the reserve of the Army Nurse Corps to be ready just before the entry of the United States into World War I. Key wartime decisions were made by Delano along with Mary Adelaide Nutting, president of the American Federation of Nurses, and Annie Warburton Goodrich, dean of the Army School of Nursing.

title: American Red Cross Nursing Service


text:
File:West Saturnian.png

The Old Latin Saturnian schematized by M. L. West created and submitted by Angelo O. Mercado based on M. L. West, “Indo-European Metre,” Glotta 51 (1973): 161–187

title: File:West Saturnian.png


text:
Willie Pastrano

Wilfred Raleigh Pastrano (November 27, 1935 – December 6, 1997) was an American former professional boxer who competed from 1951 to 1965. He held the undisputed WBA, WBC, and The Ring light heavyweight titles between 1963 and 1965.

Early life
Pastrano was born in New Orleans. Pastrano's best friend, Ralph Dupas started training in boxing at a local gym. Pastrano, who weighed over 250 pounds, decided to start working out with his friend.

As Willie lost weight, he realized two things. First, he loved boxing. Second, he hated getting hit. So, Pastrano developed a style of boxing in which he hardly got hit, and in return, tried not to hurt his opponent as well.

Pastrano was already married as a teenager, and by 1962, he and his wife Faye had five children: John (born 1955), Donna (1957), Frank (1959), Nicholas (1960), and Angelo (1962).

Pro career
Pastrano began his career at the age of 16. He fought many heavyweights and outpointed heavyweight contenders Rex Layne, Brian London, and Tom McNeeley.

Pastrano won the world light heavyweight championship when he outpointed the great Harold Johnson on a close 15-round decision. He successfully defended his crown by stopping Gregorio Peralta of Argentina on a TKO, and by coming back from a certain defeat on points to KO English challenger Terry Downes in 11 rounds in Manchester, England. Pastrano lost his crown when he was TKOed by José Torres in 10 rounds (the same fight where the ringside doctor asked if he knew where he was, leading to Pastrano's legendary line of "You're damn right I know where I am! I'm in Madison Square Garden getting the shit kicked out of me!"). In the Torres fight, Pastrano was knocked down for the only time in his career by a powerful left hook to the liver. Pastrano retired after that match and never fought again.

Managed by the legendary Angelo Dundee, Pastrano was a smooth, quick boxer with a great left hand. He was a stablemate of Cassius Clay and often sparred with the future champion early in Clay's career. His talent was dissipated by his aversion to training and a fondness for partying and carousing. His success was also limited by his lack of punching power, hence his record of only 14 knockout wins in his 84 fights. Nevertheless, he defeated most of the light heavyweight challengers of his generation. He also outpointed former light heavyweight champion Joey Maxim, and boxed a draw with the legendary Archie Moore. He retired with a record of 63 wins (14 by KO), 13 losses and 8 draws.

Perhaps in the high point of his career, Pastrano appeared on the cover of March 22, 1965, issue of Sports Illustrated with the caption reading "Light Heavyweight Willie Pastrano Ready to Defend His Title".

Life after boxing
After he retired from boxing, Pastrano became a spokesman for a local Miami, Florida milk company. On August 30, 1966, in the Milwaukee Sentinel, it was reported that Pastrano had been secretly training for a comeback, but an auto injury had sidelined it.

In 1967, Pastrano became the official host of the Presidential Steak House in Miami Beach, Florida.

However, urged on by his good friend, singer Steve Alaimo, Pastrano embarked on a film career which spanned from 1967 to 1971.

In 1964, Pastrano appeared on the Jackie Gleason Show.

Pastrano's best regarded acting role was in the "B" motorcycle gang film, The Wild Rebels, which starred Steve Alaimo.

Pastrano said in a 1980 interview he was a heroin addict from 1966 to 1969. In the same interview, he claimed to have robbed to support his drug addiction.

He became a drifter. Owen Thomas helped him out in his time of need. He worked as a host in a restaurant in Reno, Nevada; a chip runner in Las Vegas, and a bouncer in a strip-club in Miami

His well-documented party life-style led to health problems, and Pastrano's film career ended. While living in Las Vegas in the early 1970s, he claimed to be training for a comeback when interviewed for the book, In This Corner.

Pastrano was reported to be boxing in Puerto Rico in 1972, but a fighter was using a name similar to the former champion, Willie Pastrana. Pastrano never made a comeback.

In 1980, Pastrano was the manager for pro-boxer, Chubby Johnson in New Orleans.

After many years of failing health, Pastrano died of liver cancer on December 9, 1997, at the age of 62.

title: Willie Pastrano


text:
User talk:Tfoss

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Carrp | Talk 03:13, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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Transthyretin
Great work there on transthyretin! It was my fault - I was under the impression that it was identical to TBG. Having just read a lot about serpins, I expanded the TBG page accordingly.

What is your field? We desperately need biochemists/clinical chemists to update the material in this field, which is becoming so collossal that the few Wikipedia chemists cannot possibly cover everything. JFW | T@lk  07:04, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Transthyretin image
This image that you uploaded Image:Uno side.png unfortunately lacks info both on its source and copyright status. It is risking deletion. I have also sent you an email, in case you don't see this note. / Habj 03:44, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tfoss