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Government failure

Government failure, in the context of public economics, is an economic inefficiency caused by a government intervention, if the inefficiency would not exist in a true free market. The costs of the government intervention are greater than the benefits provided. It can be viewed in contrast to a market failure, which is an economic inefficiency that results from the free market itself, and can potentially be corrected through government regulation. However, Government failure often arises from an attempt to solve market failure. The idea of government failure is associated with the policy argument that, even if particular markets may not meet the standard conditions of perfect competition required to ensure social optimality, government intervention may make matters worse rather than better.

As with a market failure, government failure is not a failure to bring a particular or favored solution into existence but is rather a problem that prevents an efficient outcome. The problem to be solved does not need to be market failure; governments may act to create inefficiencies even when an efficient market solution is possible.

Government failure (by definition) does not occur when government action creates winners and losers, making some people better off and others worse off than they would be without governmental regulation. It occurs only when governmental action creates an inefficient outcome, where efficiency would otherwise exist. A defining feature of government failure is where it would be possible for everyone to be better off (Pareto improvement) under a different regulatory environment.

Examples of government failure include regulatory capture and regulatory arbitrage. Government failure may arise because of unanticipated consequences of a government intervention, or because an inefficient outcome is more politically feasible than a Pareto improvement to it. Government failure can be on both the demand side and the supply side. Demand-side failures include preference-revelation problems and the illogic of voting and collective behaviour. Supply-side failures largely result from principal–agent problem. Government failure may arise in any of three ways the government can involve in an area of social and economic activity: provision, taxation or subsidy and regulation.

History
The phrase "government failure" emerged as a term of art in the early 1960s with the rise of intellectual and political criticism of government regulations. Building on the premise that the only legitimate rationale for government regulation was market failure, economists advanced new theories arguing that government interventions in markets were costly and tend to fail.

An early use of "government failure" was by Ronald Coase (1964) in comparing an actual and ideal system of industrial regulation:
 * Contemplation of an optimal system may provide techniques of analysis that would otherwise have been missed and, in certain special cases, it may go far to providing a solution. But in general its influence has been pernicious. It has directed economists’ attention away from the main question, which is how alternative arrangements will actually work in practice. It has led economists to derive conclusions for economic policy from a study of an abstract of a market situation. It is no accident that in the literature...we find a category "market failure" but no category "government failure." Until we realize that we are choosing between social arrangements which are all more or less failures, we are not likely to make much headway.

Roland McKean used the term in 1965 to suggest limitations on an invisible-hand notion of government behavior. More formal and general analysis followed • Charles J. Wolf, (1979). "A Theory of Non-Market Failure," Journal of Law and Economics, 22 (1), pp. 107–139. • _____ (2003). Markets Or Governments: Choosing between Imperfect Alternatives, MIT Press. Description and chapter-preview links.  • Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri (1990). "Market Failure and Government Failure." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4(3), pp. 25–39. • Aidan R. Vining and David L. Weimer (1990). "Government Supply and Government Production Failure: A Framework Based on Contestability," Journal of Public Policy Journal of Public Policy, 10(1), pp. 1–22. Abstract. • Joseph E. Stiglitz (1998). "The Private Uses of Public Interests: Incentives and Institutions," Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12(2), pp. 3–22. • Richard O. Zerbe Jr. and Howard E. McCurdy (1999). "The Failure of Market Failure," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 18(4), pp. 558–578. Abstract. Reprinted in Economic Efficiency in Law and Economics, pp. 164–187.  • Clifford Winston (2006). Government Failure versus Market Failure: Microeconomics Policy Research and Government Performance. Brookings Institution Press. Link. in such areas as development economics, ecological economics, political science, political economy, public choice theory, and transaction-cost economics. Later, due to the popularity of public choice theory in 1970s, government failure attracted the attention of the academic community.

Imperfect information
While a perfectly informed government might make an effort to reach the social equilibrium via quality, quantity, price or market structure regulation, it is difficult for the government to obtain necessary information (such as production costs) to make right decisions. This absence may then result in flawed quantity regulation when either too much or too little of the good or service is produced, subsequently creating either excess supply or excess demand. Imperfect information can come in many forms including; Uncertainty, Vagueness, Incompleteness and impreciseness. All creating flaws in government policy's and therefore in turn creating inefficiencies within the economy.

Political Interference
Is not uncommon where government policies are influenced by groups of people with common interests (unions or political parties). The influence of these groups can affect policies, where they could overlook market failures leading to greater inefficiency or the government could overpursue policy changes due to the influence creating market failures as this is an incorrect allocation of resources.

Political self-interest
Political self-interest is very similar to political interference however instead of being persuaded by others, the politicians are persuaded by self-interests. This could look like inappropriate allocation of funds or time. Public funds could be pushed to influence voters or time could be allocated to pursue personal inequalities instead of actual market failures.

Policy myopia
Another cause of the government failure, as many critics of government intervention claim, is that politicians tend to look for short term fixes with instant and visible results that do not have to last, to difficult economic problems rather than making thorough analysis for solving long-term solutions.

Government intervention and evasion
It is believed that when a government tries to levy higher taxes on goods such as alcohol, also called de-merit goods, it can lead to increase attempts of illegal activities as tax avoidance, tax evasion or development of grey markets, people could try to sell goods with no taxes. Also legalizing and taxing some drugs may arise in a quick expansion of the supply of drugs, which can lead to overconsumption, which can mean a decrease in welfare.

Government subsidies may lead to excess demand, which can be solved in two ways. Either the government chooses to meet all the demand, leading to higher consumption than socially efficient or if it knows the socially efficient amount, it can decide who gets how much of this quantity, a goal accomplished either through queuing and waiting-lists or through delegating the decisions to bureaucrats. Both solutions are inefficient, queueing first meets the demand of people at the front of the queue, which might not be the ones who need or want the product or service the most, but rather the luckiest or the ones with the right connections. Delegating the decisions to bureaucrats leads to problems with human factor and personal interests.

High Administrative and Enforcement costs
Market failure can occur when the costs of the project outweigh the benefits. Costs that are included are; Tax collection through government departments, law enforcement and policy creation. All these costs allocations are quite broad however a lot of people are required to run a secure and efficient system. Cost in the system are classified as a credence-costs as the buyer cannot tell the quantity bought even after buying them. This means that Administration and enforcement costs for a project can be over or under assumed and therefore a market failure can therefore be dismissed easily or over analyzed (however benefits can also be credence-benefits).

Regulatory Capture
Regulatory capture is a problem which occurs whilst trying to implement regulations in selected industry. As government regulators usually have to meet with the industry representatives, they tend to form a personal relationship, which may lead them to be more sympathetic towards requirements and needs of given industry, subsequently making the regulations more favourable towards the producers rather than the society.

Economic crowding out
Crowding out is when the government over corrects the market failure leading to the displacement of the private sector investment. This involves an excess amount of spending in the public sector, excess increase in interest rates or excess increase in taxes all of which will decrease the public sectors borrowing demand from banks. This whole situation forces inefficiencies in the private sector and therefore shrinks, causing a market failure from a government failure.

Regulatory
Regulatory arbitrage is a regulated institution's taking advantage of the difference between its real (or economic) risk and the regulatory position.

Regulatory capture is the co-opting of regulatory agencies by members of or the entire regulated industry. Rent seeking and rational ignorance are two of the mechanisms which allow this to happen.

Regulatory risk is the risk faced by private-sector firms that regulatory changes will hurt their business.

Alexander Hamilton of the World Bank Institute argued in 2013 that rent extraction positively correlates with government size even in stable democracies with high income, robust rule of law mechanisms, transparency, and media freedom.

Many Austrian economists, such as Murray Rothbard, argue that regulation is the source of market failure in the form of monopoly, adding that the term "natural monopoly" is a misnomer. From this perspective, all governmental interference in free markets creates inefficiencies and are therefore less preferable to private market self-correction.

Distortion of markets
Taxation can lead to market distortion. They can artificially change prices thus distorting markets and disturb the way markets allocate scarce resources. Also, taxes can give people incentive to evade them, which is illegal. Minimum price can also result in markets’ distortion (i.e. alcohol, tobacco). Consumer would spend more on harmful goods, therefore less of their income will be spent on beneficial goods. Subsidies can also lead to misuse of scarce resources as they can help inefficient enterprises by protecting them from free market forces.

Price floors and price ceilings can also lead to social inefficiencies or other negative consequences. If price floors, such as minimum wage, are set above the market equilibrium price, they lead to shortage in supply, in case of minimum wage to a higher unemployment. Similarly the price ceilings, if set under the market equilibrium price, lead to shortage in supply. Rent ceiling for example may then lead to shortage in accommodation. Other problems often arise as consequences of these interventions. Black market of labor and higher unemployment among uneducated and poor are possible consequences of minimum wage while deterioration of residential buildings might be caused by rent ceiling and subsequent lack of incentive for landlords to provide the best services possible.

Principal-agent problem
The principal agent problem; In this situation the agent is the government and the principal is the population that elected them. When the government is elected they now do not just represent the group of people that elected them but everyone who voted. So this can lead to some of the population viewing the new policy as a government failure and some seeing it as a success. This will cause market failure because the agent will peruse their own self-interest instead of the interest of the principals that elected them (political self interest).

State monopolies
Most government providers operate as monopolies (e.g. post offices). Their status is sometimes guaranteed by the government, protecting them from potential competition. Furthermore, as opposed to private monopolies, the threat of bankruptcy is eliminated, as these companies are backed by government money. The companies are thus not facing many efficiency pressures which would push them towards cost minimisation - causing a social inefficiency.

There are still some existing efficiency pressures on state monopoly managers. They mostly come from the possibility of their political masters being voted out of office. These pressures are however unlikely to be as effective as market pressures, the reasons being that the elections are held quite infrequently and even their results are often fairly independent on the efficiency of state monopolies.

Corruption
The private utilization of public resources by the government officials. Corruption can take many forms, ranging from direct misappropriation of government funds to the collection of bribes in exchange for public policies.

EU Fisheries Policy
A leading example of governmental failure can be seen with the consequences of the European Union's Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). Set up to counteract a concern of balancing natural marine resources with commercial profiteering, the CFP has in turn created political upheaval.

Overcoming government failure
When a country gets into this kind of complicated situation it is not possible to reverse it right away. However, there are some arrangements that the government could do, to try to overcome it step by step. For example:
 * The government could assign itself some future goals, and also try to fulfil them
 * Competitive Tendering – making good offers to private and public sector which may arise on into competition between them, which is good for moving forward
 * Public & Private Partnerships – involving private professional to make decisions to cut less necessary costs or to help to make some decisions. One of the key steps can also be to delegate the power and decisions, which may release the pressure from the government and help it to concentrate on more important cases

title: Government failure


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Talk:Señor Smoke

I've listed the producer as 'Peters & Peters' as that's what it says in the CD Inlay. It does sound a little odd tho. If anyone knows any more, post it here or update the page - Drak2 19:24, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

It's correct. The album was produced by brothers Drew and Chris Peters. Philmein 13:16, 07 Dec 2005

I'm correcting the title of "Dark Angel", currently listed as "Be My Dark Angel", as this is how it is listed on Google Music, Spotify, and Metropolis Records (the official Electric 6 distributor) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tombrend (talk • contribs) 13:22, 18 July 2019 (UTC)

Just goes to show...
...that the NME really do know nothing. No wonder the band largely dropped off the UK radar with reviews like that (still doing shows, however!). Bought it on blind faith after Fire, and though it didn't completely match up to the first album, haven't regretted it at all. (Actually ended up here out of curiosity to see what the wiki said, as I was researching something else whilst half-boogying to it :D its a fantastic, big, stupid, sing-along mosh of a record, with a secret political heart)

We'll kareoke all night long... 82.46.180.56 (talk) 13:11, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Señor Smoke


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User talk:Harðor~enwiki

Note: Older, inactive conversations which were copied from my acounts on other wikipedias / wikibooks are stored in here. Please post new topics on this page. The achive is only for reference. If you are sure you already contacted me but can not find it here, it might be stored in the archive.

= Germanic Wikiportal =

I'm here!
Hi! I'm Andylandandrew, and I came to the rescue to help you manage your Wikiportal, Ancient Germanic Cultures! I'll help you update. E-mail me with your response, and one more thing. Don't go looking for my userpage, because I don't have one! Sincerly, Andylandandrew,aka Andrew James Coldrick from New Jersey, USA! P.S My e-mail adress is nfcoldrick@aol.com

What do you want me to do on your board, Haroor?
What do you want me to do on your board, Haroor?

Help with a Got-1 template
Hi Harðor. I've just registered, and wanted a Got-1 Babel box to stick on my user page. As you're the only person listed under Got at all, I presumed you made the Got-2 template, but I can't read it as the Gothic you used in your template (and user page) won't display on my browser. Rather than just knock something up, I thought it'd be better to have consistent terminology on both, so could you give me a Roman alphabet transliteration of what your template says, please? Ta! Murrian 20:46, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Noticed that Harðor's been away for a spell, so I'll tell you. The transliteration of got-2 is: Sah brukjands mag qiþan miþ midjai gutiskai. – Krun 22:44, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you! Murrian 08:39, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

VWN en WCN
Beste allemaal Al enige tijd is er een Nederlandstalig chapter in oprichting, te vinden op http://nl.wikimedia.org. Dit wordt de Vereniging Wikimedia Nederland (VWN). Je kunt je interesse om lid te worden van deze vereniging hier aangeven.

Deze vereniging gaat eind augustus/begin september een Wikimedia Conferentie in Nederland (WCN) houden, volgend op Wikimania in Boston, gedeeltelijk erop inspelend middels een aantal discussiegroepen. Om iets dergelijks te organiseren is imput erg gewenst. Dus als je wilt meehelpen, of als je interesse hebt om bij een dergelijk evenement aanwezig te zijn, geef dat dan aan op nl.wikimedia. Ik hoop daar snel je imput tegemoet te zien! Met vriendelijke groet, effeietsanders 13:53, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Names?
What's with the Icelandic pseudonyms? (I like them by the way). SKC

Gothic Language
I wish I could learn the gothic language. That's just how I found your account on here, through google looking for "Learn Gothic Language free". lol —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sirsanjuro (talk • contribs) 05:09, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Harðor. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Harðor~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:29, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:38, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

MfD nomination of Portal:Ancient Germanic culture
Portal:Ancient Germanic culture, a page which you created or substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Ancient Germanic culture and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Portal:Ancient Germanic culture during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Mark Schierbecker (talk) 18:02, 19 November 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Harðor~enwiki


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Talk:Akdamar Island

King Gagik
(Note by Andrys: Correction: "Kung Gagik" should be "King Gagik" and I've corrected that on my source page, thanks.)
 * Thanks, Andrys. Please open up a Wikipedia account & start contributing with your wonderful images! :) mu5ti/✏ 19:27, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

never mind..! --Mightier than the sword 09:20, 12 April 2006 (UTC), --Mightier than the sword 20:00, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

References & Footnotes
I have removed the footnote references for '''Hewsen, Robert H. (2001). Armenia: a historical atlas'''. The work is a tertiary source and all the information about Aghtamar contained within it are already contained in the works cited in the references section. I don't think any of the points that had the those Hewson citations needed citations anyway, since none were contentious. Meowy 02:17, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
 * It's always nice to have references for facts. I still don't see why you've removed the references.  I can imagine some people disputing the fate of the Armenian monks on the island during the Armenian Genocide, as well as people (e.g. the Turkish government, or others working for them) disputing that there was an Armenian catholicos there upto 1915.  Serouj 06:36, 20 January 2007 (UTC)
 * But you don't need references for facts that are undisputed. It just breaks up the flow of the page and (in a way) it suggests that undisputed facts are actually in dispute. I can see a point in having a reference for the 1915 event (so I should not have removed that reference), but better maybe to use a primary source (such as Nogales, who was an eyewitness) rather then a tertiary source like Hewsen Meowy 17:38, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

New article for the church?
It might be a good idea to have a new article for the church since it has been restored and that there are quite a few sources in the Internet about it + pictures already.. If there is one already, take no notice, maybe I just missed it.. Baristarim 23:31, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I would wait until the actual re-opening. Meowy 00:34, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * No worries, I was just throwing it out there :) Baristarim 00:40, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Btw, about the Kurdish pronounciation of the island's name - I have been to Van and can say that most of the local population still pronounce it the original way. That is not a source of course! But I imagine that there must be language websites out there that would indicate that there is no "gh" in modern Turkish, but that there is in Kurdish. Meowy 14:55, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Ok, I updated the intro and removed the fact tag for the moment - however I don't know if anyone else will ask for sources. Baristarim 23:01, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

 * By the way, on follow-up to my note from a week earlier above, there was an article created today at Akdamar church - it included only one paragraph taken from this article, and no improvements on it whatsoever. I went ahead and was bold and redirected here. I thought that there would be no problems since I aired a similar proposal for a new article before. It still stands obviously, but I think we might take another look at it since it is not clear how we will seperate content between articles since the island is only notable because of the church. Obviously, if anyone wants to write a new and longer article for the church, go ahead. Just wanted to note the merge for the record.. Baristarim 22:51, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Moving on from the discussion above, the church has reopened, and has had a service, and there is an article Armenian Cathedral of the Holy Cross. However, much of the text of the article is duplicated in the section 'The Armenian Cathedral of the Holy Cross' in the Akdamar Island article. So now, this section needs to be reduced in size - it already has a link to the article on the same subject. Coyets (talk) 11:52, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

Possible Latin origins of the name Աղթամար (Altamar)
Many people don't know this, but the letter <ղ> in Classical Armenian stands for a letter similar to the Latin .

Hence, in Classical Armenian, Աղթամար was pronounced like Altamar or Althamar. In breaking Altamar to its Latin roots, we get "Alta"+"Mare" or "above sea" or "high (altitude) sea."

In conclusion, Աղթամար may really be the Classical Armenian spelling (or approximation) for the Latin "alta mare", meaning "above sea" island or "high altitude sea" island.

(this is just a thought, though...) Serouj 07:11, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Actualy the most probable origin of the name of the island may come from Indo-European ancestry, being formed by *alt- ("salt", Armenian aght- or agh-) and *maar ("see", Russian "море", the Armenian analogue of this word is մոր "swamp" as in Մեծամոր "Great swamp")
 * Vazgen Ghazaryan 15:02, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Photographic evidence of desecration?
Please provide reliable and verifiable references showing that "desecretion" pictures are indeed caused by acts of desecration and not by other motives, reasons, and even non-human factors such as acts of nature including earthquakes for which the region is famous for. Until then I am leaving the pictures but removing the title of "Desecration after the Armenian Genocide". Thanks. 85.107.39.162 (talk) 08:30, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

"Desecration"
Aram van, what is the reason to describe the photos as Desecration after the Armenian Genocide. Is there any RS identifying them so? --Quantum666 (talk) 18:48, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

Aram van, please provide the sources to call the gallery "before and after genocide". --Quantum666 (talk) 15:28, 13 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Enough references has been added related to the vandalism of the church. After this point you can not oppose to the term desecration Ali55te (talk) 03:43, 2 March 2011 (UTC)

Requested move 1

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page not moved per discussion. - GTBacchus(talk) 17:37, 26 June 2011 (UTC)

Akdamar Island → Akhtamar Island – I don't know why this island is called akdamar on wikipedia. This island has been called as akhtamar for centruies and recently the Turkish government changed the name of the island as Akdamar which has no sense. The only purpose is to mislead the people that there were no armenians lived in that region ever, they try to erase all armenian heritage in Anatolia. But they could not managed to demolish the Armenian church on that island with the great effort of famous turkish writer Yasar Kemal. Is wikipedia an official propaganda web site of the Turkish government ? The situation is so funny in Turkey that they even changed the biological names of the animals http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4328285.stm. This is a writing from a famous journalist from turkey http://www.aztagdaily.com/EnglishSupplement/20070330%20TDN%204%20%281%29.pdf Akdamar Island should be moved to Akhtamar Island unless wikipedia is not an organization works for Turkish government relisting Andrewa (talk) 21:22, 10 June 2011 (UTC) Ali55te (talk) 23:04, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment See WP:COMMONNAME "Wikipedia does not necessarily use the subject's "official" name as an article title; it instead uses the name that is most frequently used to refer to the subject in English-language reliable sources". Do you know when exactly did the renaming occur? From the article you linked is clear that it was prior to 2007, and the Wikipedia article used this title since its creation in 2005. --Elekhh (talk) 21:25, 4 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment I tried to search it on google and I found that somewhere around 1980s the turkish government changed the name of the island as Akdamar. This 'Akdamar' name is a crime against humanity. It is part of a cultural genocide. The name is changed from Akh Tamar to Akdamar just because Tamara is an Armenian princess which gives a clue that once there were armenians living in that region. The situation is becoming so frustrating that there are a considerable amount of people in Turkey which claims that the Armenian race never existed they were christian Turks and the church is a Turkish church. You can translate this website and read yourself http://www.turksolu.org/300/basyazi300.htm

Relisting. Despite all the nationalistic fervour above, the proposed move is possibly valid. See WP:official names for a start. Andrewa (talk) 21:22, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose per google books: "Akdamar Island" -Llc 140 results/"Akhtamar Island" -Llc 54 results Takabeg (talk) 08:32, 19 June 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Tumanyan
I heard a similar story when I visited this island. They said "Ax (akh) Tamara". I don't know how they come to know this story. Maybe oral history, maybe folklore... Takabeg (talk) 21:03, 29 June 2011 (UTC)

Requested move discussion 2

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move, again. Vegaswikian (talk) 19:00, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

Akdamar Island → AkhTamar Island – This is the second dicussion about the renaming of this page. The reason is that in the previous discussion an imporant evidence about the motivation of the moving was forgotton. If we search this two strings in googlebooks : akdamar island and  akhtamar island with "-lic" option we get this following results

 * Akhtamar Island -> 56 results
 * Akdamar Island -> 154 results

But an imprtant point is missing here. In most cases the "island" word is ommited while referencing this island. If we search akhtamar and akdamar with "-lic" option we get this followint results

If you look at the sentences related to the books you can clearly identify that the authors are talking about the island. In addition there is no other significant place in the world called akhtamar or akdamar. If we look at the results we see that they are almost identical that means none of the name is dominating.
 * Akhtamar 1630 results
 * Akdamar 1690 results

 * The name of the island changed by Turkish government from Akhtamar Island to Akdamar Island around 1970s ( look at the results with akdamar you will see that the books using this name is published much more recently compared to akhtamar). The reason was the policy of the Turkish government to change the native names of the palces so that people will not question that there were other people lived in that region before. The city of Van which the island is located was a very important city for the ancient Armenian Kingdom and since it is the policy of the Turkish government to deny the Armenian Genocide most of the cities and places which has Armenian names are changed after the Turkish Republic has been established. For example a famous Turkish journalist Cengiz Çandar identifies this event as cultural genocide in his writing with the title "Akhtamar Church or the so-called akdamar museum"[]. For example you can look at this news report from CNN international. The journalist calls the island as akhtamar (00:45 and 1:02) more clearly "ɑχtʰɑmɑr" as it mentioned in the article. There is no χ word in latin alphabet hence the closest translation is akhtamar. If you look at the article you can see where the akhtamar comes from. Akh is used in Armenian language when something bad happens and the Tamar is the name of the Armenian Princess lived on that island. You can read the story of this word from the article. You can see a lot of old literature work about the story of akhtamar on the article page and everywhere. Akdamar means "white vein" in Turkish which has nothing to do with that island it is chosen just because the pronounciation is close to akhtamar. This is an article from an turkish university [Gazi University] in page 13 of the document it is written that some of the names of the regions turkified with finding turkish names that will sound similar to the original even though it the meaning has nothing to do with the original name at all and you can see the akhtamar example there. Sometimes people identify this explanation as nationalistic but I just wanted to show you that why this island called akdamar currently. Otherwise you might think what is the significance between akhtamar and akdamar. Ali55te (talk) 21:36, 8 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Ali55te (talk) 21:36, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

Oppose: WP:COMMONNAME & Naming conventions (geographic names)

According to google books:
 * "Akdamar Island" -Llc minimum 53
 * "Akhtamar Island" -Llc minimum 25

 * Akhtamar -Llc includes not only other "Akhtamar" ("Akhtamar Records", "Akhtamar Monastery", "Church of Akhtamar", "Catholicos of Akhtamar", "medieval Armenian cathedral of Akhtamar", "Patriarchate of Akhtamar", "Patriarch of Akhtamar", "Zakaria of Akhtamar", "Helen's Dance Studio (Akhtamar)" etc. Most of them are used in historical context), but also non-Enlish books ("Church of Akhtamar", "reliefs d'Akhtamar", "Catholicos d'Akhtamar" etc.)

P.S. Personally I'm displeased with the policy of "Turkification" of place names. But it can't be helped. Takabeg (talk) 23:24, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

Takabeg (talk) 23:24, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

almost 90% of the names you mentioned is directly linked with the Island because the only building on the island is the Armenian Church which has been identified as Akhtamar church in the literature usually. The armenian catholicos used to live there thats why you can see results about cahtolicos, same applies for patriarchate and Zakaria. If you look at carefully you will sure see that some of the Akdamar names also comes from the shops, restaurants in that region or in Turkey mostly. Ali55te (talk) 23:32, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

Even an academician from a respected university in Turkey calls the church on the island as Akhtamar Church in 2009. He talks about the restoration of the church which happened a very short time ago means it is not in the context of history. http://research.sabanciuniv.edu/11476/1/Insight_Turkey_Vol_11_No_2_2009_Aybars_Gorgulu.pdf Ali55te (talk) 23:40, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

United States House of Representatives just passed a billed this year called "return of churches" short time ago. One of the matters in the resolution is ” “return to their rightful owners all Christian churches and other places of worship” and “allow the rightful Christian church and lay owners of Christian church properties, without hindrance or restriction, to preserve, reconstruct and repair, as they see fit, all Christian churches.” Which means the right of the Turkey to own the Armenian churches in Turkey is still questioned. The island was once had an Armenian church and the island belonged to Armenians hence still the name of the Armenians is very important even lawsuits can start in the future about the territory of the island.Ali55te (talk) 00:17, 9 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Have you ever compared Gyumuri -Llc (Gyumri + Armenia -Llc) and Leninakan -Llc (Leninakan + Armenia -Llc) ? Do you understand why we didn't request move ? Because of Modern names. Of course, if one name overwhelming other alternative names, I don't hesitate to request. Takabeg (talk) 02:00, 9 September 2011 (UTC)
 * I did not understand your point. Lenin lived between 1870-1924. I assume if an old soviet nation have a city called leninakan, the name leninakan can not be more than 100 years and it is very possible that the name will be replaced. But we are discussing the name akhtamar which the island almost first called in history as akhtamar and the name is still used as akhtamar.Ali55te (talk) 02:09, 9 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Comment why is the requested new name camelCased? 76.65.129.5 (talk) 05:02, 15 September 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Systemic bias
Unfortunately, this article was de-neutralized by User:Ali55te.

Using only article of Dink (Agos), article cannot be neutral. For example, vandalism section, according to another article,

Binlerce kurşun deliğinin yüksek tarhribata uğrattığı cephelerde, defineciler tarafından kimi blok taşların sökülmüş olduğu farkedilmiş.

Treasure hunters became aware of that some block sthones, on the facade which had been highly damaged with thousands of bullet holes, was removed.

We cannot understand who damaged facade, when it was damaged. Maybe during WWI, maybe yesterday. It's clear that block stones was removed.

In short this article is about Zakaria Mildanoğlu's criticism on the way of restoration. Maybe this is also useful.

Takabeg (talk) 15:51, 2 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Damaging a historical building is called vandalism. Please make sense what you want to write about. Ali55te (talk) 16:49, 2 October 2011 (UTC)
 * In addition Yasar Kemal explains the governments effort to demolish the church what else you want to see ? Ali55te (talk) 16:52, 2 October 2011 (UTC)

 * According to Identifying reliable sources, we have to use third party sources. Articles of Hrant Dink cannot be considered as third party sources.
 * Yaşar Kemal was a novelist.

Takabeg (talk) 22:39, 2 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Wikiepdia says that "This means that we only publish the opinions of reliable authors" I put the Yasar Kemals testimony from the book of Alain Bosquet. Both of this authors are world wide known authors. The bullet hole information comes from the architecht involved in the restoration process which I can not imagine a more reliable source than that. Secondly I do not put only the article of Hrant dink but the other websites related to architecture from Turkey. By the way how do you claim that Hrant Dink's article or Yaşar Kemal is not reliable ? Yasar kemal is one of the leading and respecetd authors in Turkey and worldwide. I don't feel like to explain Hrant Dink either I think apart from you most of the world knows him. If you want I can add the yasar kemals testimony from turkish newspapers first example http://www.zaman.com.tr/yazar.do?yazino=985573

 * We don't discuss the definition of the term "vandalism". There are same problems in the article Armenian Cathedral of the Holy Cross. We need neutral sources and neutral wording. Takabeg (talk) 02:53, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

Turkish / Azeri REVISIONISM
As I remember it, Akhtamar Island has always been Akhtamar, not "Akdamar" in Turkish. Whoever requested Akhtamar be changed to "Akdamar" is a biased Turk propagandist. To begin with, *****"en.wikipedia.org"***** means this is the ENGLISH version, not Turkish. Akdamar is a Turkish spelling of the same name, Akhtamar is the accepted convention and MAY NOT BE CHANGED simply because you some Turks "feel like Turkifying Armenian names and places". Secondly, if Akhtamar is named "Akdamar" this creates an inaccuracy and confusion in the English language because Akhtamar and Akdamar are in fact the same, the latter being merely a Turkish spelling. Thirdly, Turkish propagandists have tried this with the 'Turkey' country name before, trying to change Turkey into "Turkiye" in an attempt to distance themselves from a gobbling bird of the same name, and no one accepted it in the English world. We call Turkey as Turkey and not Turkiye, because this is English Wikipedia, not Turkish Wikipedia. Likewise Akhtamar and not "Akdamar" because in all convention, articles and books Akhtamar or its variant 'Aght'amar' has always been used. On English Wikipedia Armenia is called Armenia, not Hayastan. Germany is called Germany, not Deutschland. Italy is called Italy, not Italia, etc etc etc. I am disgusted to see en.wikipedia.org fell hostage to Turkish Wikipedia revisionists. I suppose their next step is to get rid of Ararat from Wikipedia and change it to "Agri Dagi" <-- another Turkish attempt to Turkify an Armenian mountain and name. THIS BEHAVIOR IS UNACCEPTABLE. Thinkfood (talk) 06:12, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

 * As I am sure you are aware of, Wikipedia is based on co-operation and consensus, not on edit-warring. Your move of this article from "Akdamar Island" to "Akhtamar Island" is not founded on consensus. On the contrary, this move has been suggested twice before, and in both cases the result has been "page not moved".
 * If you want to, you may start the discussion again and request a move. If you manage to create a consensus this time, then it will be proper to make the move.
 * In order to create a consensus, it is a good idea to use a civil language and to avoid name-calling, abuse, accusations and SHOUTING. Regards. --79.160.40.10 (talk) 07:20, 26 July 2012 (UTC)
 * It would have been better to make a proposal for a name change (the earlier proposal and result was little more than a joke given only 2 people participated) rather than just doing it. And the talk page is still under the old title. Meowy 10:50, 16 August 2012 (UTC)

Supposed Eastern vs Western Armenian spelling difference
There is absolutely no proof that the name of the island is spelled Աղթամար Aghtamar in Eastern and Ախթամար Akhtamar in Western Armenian. On the contrary, I've added Eastern Armenian sources for both spellings. Hovhannes Tumanyan, arguably the best known Eastern Armenian poet, used Akhtamar for the title of his poem. -- Ե րևանցի talk  17:54, 10 September 2016 (UTC)

I didn't realize poets were historians. There is also no evidence to support YOUR claim. Just because, you say something does not make it fact. Got it? HyeSK (talk) 20:43, 10 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Tumanyan wrote in Eastern Armenian. He used what you claim is the Western Armenian spelling. Do you not see any contradiction here? I've added sources in Eastern Armenian that use both spellings. I dare you add a single reliable source claiming its spelled Aghtamar in Eastern and Akhtamar in Western Armenian. -- Ե րևանցի talk  22:27, 12 September 2016 (UTC)

"You dare me". LOL! He was a poet, not a historian, genius. He has artistic license to write as he pleases. His poem proves nothing. Also, let us not forget he went to Nersisian School in Tblisi surrounded by Western-speaking Armenians. Reverting. HyeSK (talk) 15:57, 3 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Tumanyan is not the only source I cited. Try to come up with better arguments. I explictly cited two reputable sources in Eastern Armenian which use Ախթամար Akhtamar. -- Ե րևանցի  talk  17:04, 7 October 2016 (UTC)
 * HyeSK, you dismiss a source (which is there to indicate usage) as "a poet, not a historian" - but you do not present ANY source that supports your content change. All you present is your own opinion - an opinion from neither a poet or historian but just some Wikipedia editor. Tiptoethrutheminefield (talk) 21:39, 8 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. Community Tech bot (talk) 14:36, 7 July 2018 (UTC)
 * The Church of the Holy Cross on Akhtamar Island.JPG

Migrate parts to Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar?
The Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar has less info about its opening than in the present article of Akdamar Island. Could we agree that we could migrate some of it to the article Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar? Paradise Chronicle (talk) 23:08, 21 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Akdamar Island


text:
USS Fort Jackson

USS Fort Jackson was a wooden sidewheel steamer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She was successful in enforcing the Union blockade of Confederate ports, capturing five ships carrying contraband. She participated in the battles for Fort Fisher, which effectively closed the port of Wilmington, North Carolina to the Confederacy. Most notably, the surrender of Confederate forces in Texas was signed aboard the ship, formally ending the Civil War in that portion of the country.

After the war, she was sold by the Navy. Her new owners named her North America. She spent the rest of her career carrying passengers, cargo, and mail between New York and ports in Brazil. She was idled in 1872 in favor of more modern vessels, and was finally broken up in 1879.

Construction and characteristics
In the mid-nineteenth century, Cornelius Vanderbilt developed a profitable trade route from New York to San Francisco. His ships sailed from New York to the Caribbean coast of Panama, and from the Pacific coast to San Francisco. Passengers and freight connected from one ocean to the other via the Panama Railroad. In 1862, Vanderbilt ordered the steamer Union from Jeremiah Simonson for one of the ocean-going legs of this route. Simonson built her at his Greenpoint, New York shipyard. She was launched on 30 October 1862. Her original cost was estimated to be $400,000.

Her hull was 250 ft long, with a beam of 38 ft, and a draft of 18 ft. She displaced 1,800 tons. Her depth of hold was 11 ft.

She was propelled by her two side-mounted paddlewheels. These were turned by a single coal-fired walking-beam steam engine, which was built by the Neptune Iron Works. It had a single cylinder 80 in in diameter with a stroke of 12 ft. Steam was provided by four boilers, which were heated by fourteen furnaces.

It is not clear that Union ever sailed for Vanderbilt. As early as December 1862, before the ship was ready for sea, it was reported that he offered to sell her to the U.S. Government for $350,000.

Civil War Service (1863–1865)
Vanderbilt's merchant ship Union was converted into the gunboat Fort Jackson at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. During her time at the Navy Yard she was fitted with eight 9-inch smooth-bore guns, two 30-pounder rifled guns, and a single 100-pounder Parrott rifle. The ship had to be renamed because the Navy already had a USS Union in service. Fort Jackson was named for the fortification on the Mississippi River that was taken by Flag Officer David Farragut on April 28, 1863.

During her period in the shipyard, a string of officers were appointed to her command, seemingly as an administrative convenience rather than because there was any sailing to be done. On 17 April 1863, Commander R. W. Shufeldt was ordered to take command of Fort Jackson. On 19 June 1863, Captain John Rogers was ordered to replace him. On 25 July 1863, Captain Henry A. Walke was placed in charge of the ship, and he had the honor of commissioning Fort Jackson on 18 August 1863. However, he was succeeded on 22 August 1863 by Captain James Alden and it was he who finally took her to sea.

On 2 September 1863 Fort Jackson departed New York for Fortress Monroe, where she arrived on 4 September. There she joined with steamer USS Connecticut (1861) in an attempt to intercept British arms shipments from Bermuda to Wilmington, North Carolina. She arrived at Bermuda on 10 September 1863, and indeed found a Confederate steamer, Ella and Annie, in St. Georges harbor. Fort Jackson lay off the island waiting for the Confederate steamer to sail, but was blown off station by a gale. Having survived the storm, the ship was damaged due to an error by of one of the ship's engineers. Second Assistant Engineer John T. Wilson was dismissed from the Navy for gross neglect of duty for burning out one of the ship's boilers. Fort Jackson limped into Fortress Monroe and was sent on to New York for permanent repairs. She arrived there on 21 September 1863.

In December 1863 Fort Jackson was assigned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron to cruise off the North Carolina coast. On 21 April 1864, Captain Benjamin F. Sands, her new commanding officer, organized a boat expedition in which her crew crossed the bar to Masonboro Sound, destroyed valuable salt works, and seized 56 prisoners. Fort Jackson captured the blockade runner Thistle between Bermuda and Wilmington after a 6-hour chase in June 1864. While the ship was taken as a prize, most of her cargo had been thrown overboard during the chase. Fort Jackson captured the blockade runner Boston on 8 July 1864, off Wilmington. She had a cargo of 450 sacks of salt, 100 boxes of soap, and twenty four barrels of copperas. On 21 October she captured CSS Wando after a 5 1/2 hour chase. The blockade runner left Wilmington for Nassau with a cargo of 600 bales of cotton, but managed to throw about 50 overboard during the chase.

In late 1864, the ship was reassigned from blockade duty to support Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter in his efforts to capture Fort Fisher at the mouth of the Cape Fear River. As part of Porter's fleet, on 24 December 1864, the ship bombarded the fort. The next day, Christmas, Fort Jackson was converted into a hospital ship; small boats transferred her ammunition to Susquehanna. It is not documented why Fort Jackson was selected for this service, but it is likely that the quality of the ship's surgeon, Phillip S. Wales, played a role. He was recognized at the time as a superior medical professional, and ultimately rose to become Surgeon General of the United States Navy. During this first assault, naval gunfire silenced Fort Fisher's guns, but the landing force was unable to take the bastion and was withdrawn. Porter's fleet, including Fort Jackson, sailed back to Fortress Monroe to resupply.

Porter immediately began work on a new invasion plan, this time with a different army general. Porter's fleet got underway from Fortress Monroe on January 12, 1865. Fort Jackson towed the monitor Mahopac back to the fort. By 11 pm on 13 January 1865, the fleet had once again anchored off of Fort Fisher. The bombardment of shore facilities, in which Fort Jackson participated, began at dawn on the 14th. Fort Jackson was the second ship in "line of battle No. 3", which shelled the southeast face of Fort Fisher. On 15 January 1865, the army landed troops to the north of the fort, and Fort Jackson's division provided a creeping bombardment in front of them as they advanced to the south. Fort Fisher was taken but the victory was hard fought; Fort Jackson suffered five men wounded badly enough to be admitted to hospital.

After the successful operation against Fort Fisher, on 1 February 1865, Fort Jackson was transferred to the West Gulf Blockading Squadron. She underwent repair at Pensacola, Florida, and took up station on the Texas coast. There, off Galveston, she aided steamer USS Cornubia (1858) in capturing the schooner Chaos on 21 April 1865. She captured the blockade runner Denbigh on 24 May 1865. Confederate Major Generals E. Kirby Smith and J. B. Magruder met with Union Brigadier General E. J. Davis aboard Fort Jackson on 2 June 1865 and signed the formal surrender of Confederate forces in Texas, ending the Civil War in that portion of the country.

Fort Jackson returned to New York via Pensacola on 29 July 1865 with Captain Sands still in command. She was decommissioned there on 7 August 1865 and sold at auction on 27 September 1865. She was bought by William H. Starbuck for $108,000.

United States and Brazil Mail Steamship Company (1865–1879)
Steamship entrepreneur William R. Garrison obtained a contract to carry the U.S. mail, and opened a new steamship line between New York and Brazil. Under the terms of the mail contract, the United States and Brazil Mail Steamship Company was obligated to provide monthly sailings from New York to St. Thomas, Para, Pernambuco, Bahia, and Rio de Janeiro. The company received an annual subsidy of $150,000 from the U.S. Post Office and a smaller subsidy from Brazil. Fort Jackson was renamed North America by her new owners and became a mainstay of the new line.

The new North America sailed from New York bound for Brazil for the first time on 30 October 1865. She returned to New York from Rio de Janeiro on 27 December 1865. She sailed south again on 29 January 1866. This became the cycle of her regular employment; four round-trips per year between New York and Brazil. She carried passengers, freight, and the mails. Among the freight she carried north were hundreds of bags of coffee beans.

North America was overhauled in June 1869. The ship was hauled out on the great balance dock. Damaged hull planking was replaced, her hull was recaulked, and a new layer of copper sheeting was applied to her bottom to protect it from boring worms, and marine growth.

While most of her trips were completed safely, several noteworthy events occurred. On 22 January 1867 North America collided with the Danish bark Christina off Sandy Hook. While the steamer was uninjured, the bark sank in ten minutes. Four of Christina's crew were rescued by North America, and they were left at St. Thomas, the ship's next port of call. During her return to New York from the tropics in December 1867, two passengers on board died of yellow fever. On her arrival, the remaining passengers were quarantined, and the ship was fumigated.

North America's last sailing to Brazil departed from New York on September 23, 1872. After her return in December 1872, she was replaced in the Brazil Line's sailings by the steamer Ontario, a more modern propeller-driven ship. North America sat idle in New York Harbor for the remainder of her existence. In 1875 the ten-year contract to carry the U.S. mail expired, and without the benefit of the $150,000 annual subsidy, the United States and Brazil Mail Steamship Company ceased operations. Its four remaining ships were disposed of variously, with North America being sold for scrap in 1879.

title: USS Fort Jackson


text:
Christow

Christow is a village and civil parish in the Teignbridge district of Devon, England, about 12 mi southwest of Exeter. The village is in the Teign Valley, just off the B3193 road that links Chudleigh and Dunsford. Christow is on the eastern edge of Dartmoor National Park.

Manor
The parish includes the tything of Canonteign, where there are two notable historic houses. Canonteign Barton is a late Tudor stone house and a Grade I listed building. Canonteign House is a neo-classical building completed for Captain Pownoll Pellew, who in the last year of his life succeeded his father as Viscount Exmouth.

Parish church
Christow's Church of England parish church of St James the Apostle has a 12th-century Norman baptismal font but otherwise seems to be largely a 15th-century building.

The west tower is a Gothic Survival addition of 1630 and has a ring of eight bells. John III and Christopher IV Pennington of Stoke Climsland, Cornwall cast a ring of six bells for the tower in 1785. John Taylor & Co of Loughborough, Leicestershire added a new treble and second bell in 1973, increasing the ring to eight.

Inside the church are monuments including two to Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth and his son the 2nd Viscount, both of whom died in 1833. The church was restored in 1862 to designs by the architect Edward Ashworth. It is a Grade I listed building.

Railway
The Teign Valley Railway was built from Heathfield to Christow in 1882. But Christow railway station was not opened until 1903, when the line was extended to Exeter. The line was closed to passenger trains in 1958 and freight in 1961.

Notable former residents
As well as the Viscounts Exmouth, Christow was the home of Lady daughter of the 1st Viscount. She was the wife of Admiral Sir Lawrence Halsted, died in 1835 and is buried at Christow. Arthur Marshall (1910–89) lived in Christow in later life, and fictionalised the village as "Appleton". The adventurers The Turner Twins (born 1988) grew up in Christow.

Amenities
Christow has a pub, the Artichoke Inn, that was built in or before the 17th century. The village has also a community primary school. The village has also a Community Hall with tennis courts and a skate park. There is also a GPs' practice and Gidley's Meadow, a small industrial estate.

title: Christow


text:
File:Duxford UK Feb2005 concordecockpit.JPG

Concorde Cockpit at Duxford Imperial War Museum Photographed by me Martin Richards Feb 2005


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Npls spectrum

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 18:15, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

Npls spectrum
This page appears to be a vanity page.

No offence, but there are literally thousands of theatre companies appearing at the Edinburgh Fringe each year, and in my opinion, to warrant an inclusion on Wikipedia, a company would need to be more notable than having received a 3-star Scotsman review and being "among the youngest" companies.

I frankly can't see why anyone unconnected to the group concerned would be interested. Sorry... Don't mean to be insulting, but I don't think it's appropriate for Wikipedia.

Cal T 19:32, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - Check the history of the page to see the major vanity revisions I took out. I contest recieving 3 stars in the Scotsman is "notable" (with all reviews being out of 5), and I've seen younger participants at the Fringe. The only way I can see this article working is as a stub, since there's nothing that notable that I can see about the company. There must be at least two dozen or more youth groups of that age or lower at the Fringe, and I've heard nothing of their work whilst working at the Fringe (2003 - 2004). Nick04 22:04, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 00:02, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Do not delete. Firstly, declaration of interest: I made, and did almost all the updating of, this page. I am obviously biased; I do not claim not to be. However, do I think it should be deleted? No. Why? 1. There is nothing factually incorrect about the page. I am in the company, and I can tell you that the details on the page are correct. 2. Just because you have never seen us at the Fringe does not mean we have not been there; and in fact we HAVE been there, 5 times as I have said. In total, well over a thousand people have paid to come and see us, and many more have seen us singing in the streets to promote the show. 3. I accept that putting a link to this page onto the fringe page was shameless self-publication, and I apologise for that. However, with the potential for updates (which I will gladly do; indeed our next show, the blurb on the page of which has been editted out, is performing its world premiere in two months' time) I do not see the harm in letting this page be. Furthermore, the qualification for "famous" is very difficult. Are we famous? Probably, but not definitlely, not. I have been approached in the street in Edinburgh with people recognsing me. Am I a celebrity? No. Are the company worth adding to the sum of human knowledge? I do not see why not. Obviously if you all disagree go ahead and delete - wikipedia has to be a democracy. But I thought an opposing view had to be heard before the guillotine is brought out. - Batmanand

 * Thank you for expressing your view, and being polite about it. However, I'm sorry to say that I'm still going to vote delete on your article. The reason is that, as you say yourself, you are probably not famous. When you become famous, one of your fans will undoubtedly write an article about you.
 * Wikipedia is not the sum of all human knowledge, or of all verifiable fact, merely of the notable parts. For instance, the name of my neighbor's cat, while knowable and verifiable, is not very interesting to the rest of the world. What exactly qualifies as notable is up to (heavy) debate, but we have a number of consensual guidelines. And I'm afraid you fall below them. Radiant! 15:23, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Uniform property

In the mathematical field of topology a uniform property or uniform invariant is a property of a uniform space that is invariant under uniform isomorphisms.

Since uniform spaces come as topological spaces and uniform isomorphisms are homeomorphisms, every topological property of a uniform space is also a uniform property. This article is (mostly) concerned with uniform properties that are not topological properties.

Uniform properties

 * Separated. A uniform space X is separated if the intersection of all entourages is equal to the diagonal in X × X. This is actually just a topological property, and equivalent to the condition that the underlying topological space is Hausdorff (or simply T0 since every uniform space is completely regular).
 * Complete. A uniform space X is complete if every Cauchy net in X converges (i.e. has a limit point in X).
 * Totally bounded (or Precompact). A uniform space X is totally bounded if for each entourage E ⊂ X × X there is a finite cover {Ui} of X such that Ui × Ui is contained in E for all i. Equivalently, X is totally bounded if for each entourage E there exists a finite subset {xi} of X such that X is the union of all E[xi]. In terms of uniform covers, X is totally bounded if every uniform cover has a finite subcover.
 * Compact. A uniform space is compact if it is complete and totally bounded. Despite the definition given here, compactness is a topological property and so admits a purely topological description (every open cover has a finite subcover).
 * Uniformly connected. A uniform space X is uniformly connected if every uniformly continuous function from X to a discrete uniform space is constant.
 * Uniformly disconnected. A uniform space X is uniformly disconnected if it is not uniformly connected.

title: Uniform property


text:
Identification badges of the uniformed services of the United States

Identification badges of the uniformed services of the United States are insignia worn by service members conducting special duties, many of which can be awarded as permanent decorations if those duties are performed successfully. There are a few identification badges that are awarded to all services (such as the Presidential Service Badge), others are specific to a uniform service (such as the U.S. Army's Drill Sergeant Identification Badge). The Office of the President and Vice President and department/service headquarters badges are permanent decorations for those who successfully serve in those assignments. Some of the service level identification badges can be permanent decorations and others are only worn by a service member while performing specific duties, such as the Military Police Badge.

Command insignia/badges are another form of identification badge used to identify an officer or non-commissioned officer who is/was in command or in-charge of a unit. If the service member performs their leadership duties successfully, the command insignia/badge they wear can become a permanent uniform decoration regardless of their next assignment.

The following is a list of identification badges currently in use by the uniformed services:


text:
User talk:Ern.rod

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You recently deleted the copyright violation on Ernesto rodrigues and replaced it with the text in question. If you continue to post copyrighted material without the original author's permission, you face a possible ban from the Wikipedia. Please stop this practice. However, if you are the rightful author of the copywrited text, please post that here. Thank you for your cooperation. Bratsche 19:34, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Um, that page was deleted in accordance with the copyright violation rules about two months ago. The page doesn't exist anymore. Bratsche talk  random 02:56, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

Guilherme Rodrigues
Please don't revert changes to this article which are designed to bring it into Wikipedia style, and don't delete the and  templates until the work has been done (they include links to help pages that explain what needs doing and how to do it). Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 13:58, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

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May 2011
Hello Ern.rod. If you are affiliated with some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article Ernesto Rodrigues, you may have a conflict of interest. In keeping with Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy, edits where there is a conflict of interest, or where such a conflict might reasonably be inferred, are strongly discouraged. If you have a conflict of interest, you should avoid or exercise great caution when:
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For information on how to contribute to Wikipedia when you have a conflict of interest, please see our frequently asked questions for organizations. Thank you. AllyD (talk) 07:55, 2 May 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Ernesto Rodrigues

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title: User talk:Ern.rod