text:
Talk:Red Herring Artists

 * This article was nominated for deletion on June 3, 2005; the consensus was no consensus. For discussion, please see Votes for deletion/Red Herring Artists.

I considered wether this was applicable to be in the wikipedia and concluded that under the guidelines it should be. for one the organisation is not a profitmaking business and more importantly It is regularly the subject of academic papers on art history and the history of design.

I will return when possible to add more detail - including a list of signifigant artists that have been associated with the group. DavidP 13:44, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I am highly sceptical of this entry. It seems to be promotional, and I only find 28 Google hits for it (not enough to substantiate it being "regularly the subject of academic papers on art history and the history of design"). Also, the entire entry has been plagiarised from the About.com topic about this artists' collective. I'm listing it on VfD.216.158.31.195 16:37, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * There is still not enough information about artists, just generalisations. jglc | t | c 22:03, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * names and references to the two artists mentioned as having been shortlisted for the booker and turner prizes have been added. Jason, why do you use two seperate usernames (216.158.31.195|216.158.31.195 and Jasonglchu)?
 * The entry is not promotional in a comercial sense, as the organisation does not trade and is not profitmaking. there is no benefit to be gained by the existance of a wiki page for this organisation or itsw members other than to inform the wiki user.
 * If you try searching "red herring" & "art" you will get 214,000 hits of which this organisation first appears as the 11th.DavidP 10:02, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * To the anonymous user who is editing the page: please source any quotes about the artist's group that you edit in. jglc | t | c 22:17, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

No longer anonymous
I am a member of Red Herring Studios and I have just been tidying up the spelling and punctuation of the entry and making sure the links work.

Red Herring is exactly as it is described - a not for profit artist's collective and its members have been active in the Brighton area and much further afield since 1985.

I agree we need to be more explicit with the references to members and their achievements. Being a relatively new member I am not best placed to do this but I will ask DavidP who is a founder member and origional author of this piece to have a look at it.

 * The fact that you are a member of Red Herring studios makes me even more suspicious that this entry is self-promotion. Don't take that too harshly - I'm not denigrating your collective or your own body of work.  I'm just saying that you may be viewing the importance of your group's work in a biased light.
 * I also still question the verifiability and, especially, the notability of the group. Keep going at it, though, the more work you put in cleaning it up, the better it looks (and the more likely it is to not be deleted). jglc | t | c 23:35, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

It is good to be suspicious jasongchu. but bias is something that is very hard to avoid. for instance as an american citizen you are probably not aware that the booker prize is britains most prestigious literary award and the Turner Prize is britains most prestigious award for the visual arts. I am sure that if you were aware of this your assertion that the subject is not 'notable' would be less rigourous. As you can probably imagine it is quite a notable feat for both of these awards to be associated with a single establishment. DavidP 10:02, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The statement about the group being of "historic importance" was made by Paul Greenhalgh, director of postgraduate studies at the Victoria and Albert museum, london. the statement was made at a presentation, that was made before such things were posted on the web, as such it is impossible to reference.
 * If the entry was made for self promotion purposes - do you not think that we would have added our names to the page? perhaps under a list of members.

reply
Actually, I do know about the Turner and Booker prizes; after seeing them in the article, I did some looking up on wikipedia and google. I take your point, however, that matters of some great significance may be overlooked simply by regional bias. That said, if Vong Phaophanit is part of the collective, it is definitely notable. jglc | t | c 15:48, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

VfD response
Hey DavidP; I'm glad to see your changes to the article. It looks good, now, and I'm looking forward to reading more about your collective. Thanks for your work, and I hope to learn more from your entries on Wikipedia. jglc | t | c 14:11, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red Herring Artists


text:
Talk:Charles E. Bohlen

date of death right?
I wonder if the date of death might be wrong. There is at least one bio that says he died 1973 not 1974. -- PullUpYourSocks 13:46, 27 February 2005

 * I'm looking at his obituary from the New York Times dated Jan. 2, 1974. He had died the day before. - jude 64.19.74.247 00:23, 10 December 2005

related to
It should mention that he was related as a cousin to Gustav and Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach -- PDMacGuire 12:46, 27 July 2006

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Charles E. Bohlen


text:
Talk:Matt Bloom

Name
This artical states that A- Train's real name is "Matthew Jason Bloom" but recently i went to a wrestler bio website that states his real name as Matt Michael Bloom, can anyone confirm either way? Paulley 13:49, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Hi Paulley, I can confirm that Trains name is Matthew Jason Bloom. I am a family member, his fathers name is Michael. 65.32.218.161 03:35, 28 December 2006 (UTC)Matts Cousin

His mother and sister are also teachers. I am another cousin. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.163.115.219 (talk) 21:06, 17 August 2010 (UTC)

Newer picture?
his bio says he now has tiger stripe tattoos but the picture seems to be from his WWE days - any chance of an up to date one? 86.29.93.118 16:49, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Also states that his tattoos go all the way to his wrists, but watching Kurt Angle's debut in Japan which is very recent, he only had tattoos down to his elbows.

TNA
He'll be coming to TNA. I read some news about the Women's Division and Andrew "Test" Martin and A-Train coming to TNA. Test just showed up, and seeing as TNA recognizes IWGP champions, there's a high chance A-Train will be showing up to TNA soon, to obviously side with Tomko. 69.156.176.223 06:54, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Age
So if he was born in 1974 and got a degree in sign language in 1990 it means he graduated college at the age 16?(Lakers244805 13:52, 12 September 2007 (UTC))

Pierced Pals
According to his first WWF paragraph, he saved Droz and formed a trio called the Pierced Pals. There's no indication of who the third member of the group is, and I can't recollect them being a threesome. Anyone with the WWE Encyclopedia shed some light? Tony2Times (talk) 02:18, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

It was Key aka Vic Grimes from ECW. He didn't last long. Brody's Ghost (talk) 07:06, 3 September 2011 (UTC)

Keep rumors out...
I removed the following section:

Return to WWE (2012-present)
On March 17 2012 it was announced that Bloom had been resigned to WWE,8 years since his WWE release in 2004. he is to re-debut in a role as an henchman for the current interm WWE Raw general manager John Laurinaitis.

Why? Because this came from an internet "dirt sheet". It isn't fact and it wasn't an announcement made by the WWE. It is a rumor, and the source of the rumor wasn't even properly cited (nor would it have been a credible source if it were). Wikipedia is not a gossip hub. It is an archive of historical data (the -pedia stands for encyclopedia...). Please don't damage the integrity of pages by inserting random internet rumor -- wait until official, credible information is available. 24.13.43.231 (talk) 11:40, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
 * A quick view of the page history reveals that this is something that's been back and forth the past couple of days. That's unfortunate. 24.13.43.231 (talk) 11:42, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Again, the recently aired video for the WWE character "Lord Tensai" did not confirm that Bloom is working for the WWE. A collection of circumstantial evidence (such as matching tattoos) isn't enough to declare that someone is or is not working for the company (as the company often brings in outside talent without necessarily signing contracts). Until it is announced by the WWE either on one of their television shows or via their corporate website, we cannot make assumptions and present them as fact, regardless of how strong the circumstantial evidence may be. Please refrain from expressing rumor as fact; this is a rumor until it is officially acknowledged. 24.13.43.231 (talk) 12:06, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

Before editing this article any more please reference WP:BLP, WP:V, and WP:! to ensure that your additions meet criteria. 24.13.43.231 (talk) 12:20, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 3 April 2012
Can I please add that Lord Tensai defeated Alex Riley in his WWE debut?

90.217.189.160 (talk) 06:47, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
 * If you can find a Reliable Source (RS) that says so, you can reactivate this request and someone can add it. Dru of Id (talk) 11:29, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

Article on wwe.com
Can somebody please edit the link (http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2012-04-02/who-is-lord-tensai) into the article? There you can read that the WWE says that Lord Tensi was formely in the company as A-Train and not ignored it. I would do it but my english isn't the best. Thanks. --H96lg93114 (talk) 12:57, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

 * His Wikipedia article doesn't say anything about it ignoring his past. It says that during his debut, he WAS acknowledged as a former member of the roster but that they didn't state who he was. There's no need to go into so much detail concerning what their website said. Per WP:NOT, "Wikipedia is not..... a complete exposition of all possible details. Rather, an article is a summary of accepted knowledge regarding its subject." NJZombie (talk) 14:15, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

Height
WWE website lists him as 6'7", and the announcers usually called him 6'7" back in his previous tenure in WWE.

http://www.wwe.com/superstars/lord-tensai

add John Cena
early i added him defeating John Cena on Raw and it was removed add it back thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Edge4life42 (talk • contribs) 14:45, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is a Encyclopedia that means that not every week by week event has to be mentioned thats why your addition has been removed--Nakurio (talk) 20:28, 17 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Defeating John Cena in the main event is significant, can you say the same about the match against Yoshi Tatsu? I say remove the Yoshi Tatsu match and put the John Cena match in its place.--FLStyle (talk) 21:37, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

 * why is it significant to beat john cena one time and then never compete against him again ( only for an example) because we don´t know if they start a feud or not. But for sure they don´t start their feud yet because the Cena-Lesnar feud which won´t end at extreme rules.--Nakurio (talk) 07:46, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Sweet T
He was announced to the ring on several occasions as "Sweet T." So leave it and stop removing it out of names called please. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.42.81.158 (talk) 20:34, 14 March 2014 (UTC)

The result of the proposal was not moved. --BDD (talk) 23:40, 16 September 2013 (UTC)

Matt Bloom → Tensai – This is the name he is best known as. Most current WWE fans do not know of his success as Giant Bernard in Japan. Not to mention, most people who watched Giant Bernard wrestle live speak Japanese. Less-hardcore WWE fans do not know of his time as A-Train or Albert, so it's safe to say that Tensai is where the article should go. Most importantly, since Matt Bloom is "not" the common name, this should not be the title for his page. GeicoHen (talk) 03:37, 5 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose He's wrestled under a laundry list of names and not one of them stands out as his WP:COMMONNAME. For instances like this the article takes the real name of the person.  Examples include Mark LoMonaco and Nelson Frazier, Jr..LM2000 (talk) 20:36, 5 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose Absolutely not. He is at least just as well known as both Albert and Giant Bernard.リボン・サルミネン (Ribbon Salminen) (talk) 20:58, 5 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose. He's used too many names, and Albert may still be his best known one. WP:RECENTISM. oknazevad (talk) 21:07, 5 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose We are an enclyclopedia. WWE Fans aren't a criteria to put the name of the articles. He was Lord Tensai, A-Train against Taker, Albert as Alber and Test... and he had a huge success as Giant Bernard. --HHH Pedrigree (talk) 21:34, 5 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose Hip-hop hippos don't fit in pigeonholes. That newer, WWE-only or non-fans aren't familiar with Bloom's history is only more reason to educate them here. Japanese speakers mostly saw Giant Bernard live, sure, but the majority of fans (of all languages) watch the majority of matches on video. InedibleHulk (talk) 01:07, 6 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Comment The main thing to know here is that Matt Bloom's common name is not "Matt Bloom." --GeicoHen (talk) 05:04, 6 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose. As GeicoHen says, Matt Bloom is not his best known name, but neither is Tensai. If anything, the page should be at Prince Albert (wrestler), since the WWF/E had far higher ratings during his stint there under that name than presently. Probably safest to leave it at Matt Bloom though. McPhail (talk) 18:30, 6 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Not entirely fair to go by Neilsen ratings to determine exposure. Keep in mind, in Prince Albert's day, the Internet was mainly for reading and talking about wrestling, not watching it. InedibleHulk (talk) 05:20, 7 September 2013 (UTC)
 * True but IIRC there were several Albert chants when he first returned. Indicating that several fans still recognized him after his long departure from the WWE.--64.229.165.126 (talk) 22:01, 7 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Definitely. I didn't mean to imply he wasn't a popular character, or even the most popular (though I'd probably guess A-Train). Just that the rating system is even less reliable now than then. InedibleHulk (talk) 11:17, 8 September 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

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Used the "Last Ride" before the Undertaker
No idea if this is significant enough for someone to want to write up, but Undertaker seemingly loved the move and had Albert stop doing it so he could use it as his new finisher. Or at least Albert never did it again once the Undertaker started doing it. 2601:193:8300:1380:D1B9:CB7C:E517:4D30 (talk) 15:03, 25 August 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Matt Bloom


text:
Panckoucke

The Panckoucke family was a French family engaged in publishing and printing.

 * Amélie Panckoucke (1750-1830), writer and salonnière, sister of Charles-Joseph;
 * André Joseph Panckoucke (1703-1753), founder of the Panckoucke bookstore in Lille;
 * Charles-Joseph Panckoucke (1736-1798), son of André Joseph, writer and publisher;
 * Charles-Louis-Fleury Panckoucke (1780-1844), also writer and publisher, son of Charles-Joseph;
 * Collection Panckoucke, collection familiale de classiques latins;
 * Ernest Panckoucke (1808-1886), son of Charles-Louis, publisher and mayor of Onzain;
 * Henry Panckoucke (1780-1812), directeur des Domaines in Rome, Placide-Joseph's son and husband of painted by Ingres;
 * Placide-Joseph Panckoucke (1740-1800), director of the Panckoucke bookstore in Lille, Henry's father.
 * Ernestine Panckoucke née Désormeaux (1784-1860), botanical illustrator of François-Pierre Chaumeton's "Flore médicale" (1818)

title: Panckoucke


text:
Talk:Prayers on Fire

Brass section
The tenor sax player was Mick Hauser of Equal Local. The original LP of Prayers on Fire, and all subsequent re-issues misspelt his name as Mick Hunter. Design 01:40, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Prayers on Fire


text:
Richard Ferber

Richard Ferber is a physician and the director of The Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders, at Children's Hospital Boston. He has been researching sleep and sleep disorders in children for over 30 years. He is best known for his methods—popularly called Ferberization—that purports to teach infants to learn how to fall asleep on their own, which are described in his book Solve Your Child's Sleep Problems (first edition 1985).

He graduated from Harvard College and Harvard Medical School.

title: Richard Ferber


text:
Dølehest

The Dole Gudbrandsdal, Dølahest, or Dole is a draft- and harness-type horse from Norway. The Dole Trotter is alternately considered a subtype of the Dole Gudbrandsdal  and a separate breed;  it is also considered a part of the coldblood trotter type. The Dole Gudbrandsdal is a small draft horse, known for its pulling power and agility, while the Dole Trotter is a smaller, faster horse used for harness racing. The two types were previously commonly interbred, but the studbooks have been separate since 2000 and since 2016 the criteria for entry into the Gudbrandsdal horse studbook has required a strict critique of eligible mares. The Dole is originally from the Gudbrandsdal Valley, and is probably descended in part from the Friesian horse. Over time, the breed has had Thoroughbred, Arabian, and other breeds added in, especially during the creation of the Dole Trotter in the 19th century. The first studbook was created in 1941, and the current breed association was formed in 1947. Although originally used mainly as a pack horse, today, the heavier Dole type is used mainly for agricultural purposes. The Dole Gudbrandsdal been crossed with other breeds to develop horses for harness racing and riding.

Breed characteristics
Dole horses generally stand at high, weigh 1190 to 1390 lbs, and are usually bay, black, or chestnut. Gray is present in the population, as is the cream gene, meaning palomino, buckskin and smoky black occurs. Double dilute individuals are considered undesirable in the stud book due to now-disproven associations with albinism. Double-dilute stallions are prohibited from breeding, whilst double-dilute mares are not certified at studbook inspections but their progeny may be registered in the studbook. The dun gene does not exist in the population. White markings may occur on the head and legs. The head is heavy with a straight profile, the neck rather short and muscular, the withers moderately pronounced and broad, the chest wide and deep, and the shoulder strong, muscular, and sloping. The back is long and the croup broad, muscular, and slightly sloping. The legs are short but sturdy and well muscled, with broad, solid joints and tough hooves. At one point in the breed's history, it was prone to weak legs and low fertility, but these problems have since been corrected. Dole horses closely resemble the British Fell and Dales ponies, which developed from the same ancestral stock.

When presented for grading and studbook inspection, the heavy-type Dole Gudbrandsdals are tested for pulling power and trotting. In the lighter type, X-rays showing the knee and lower legs to be free of defects must be presented. Trotting-type mares with proper conformation that are not fast enough during grading may be registered as draft-type Doles. These strict and organized standards have improved the quality of the Dole breed over the past few decades. Although the Dole horse is one of the smallest draft breeds, it shows great pulling power, and is also hardy and agile. They are especially known for their excellent trot, as is shown by the lighter subtype of the breed. During the late 20th century, interbreeding between the two types became quite common; due to this, the breed became much more uniform in type, with fewer differences between the trotter and draft sections.

Breed history
The Dole is thought to have originated in the Gudbrandsdal, an inland valley in the county of Oppland. It is likely that the Dole is in part a descendant of the Friesian, as the two breeds are similar in conformation, and the Frisian people were known traders in the area between 400 and 800 AD. There was also equine movement between western Norway and northern England during the 9th century through the mid-11th century; this extended period of trade between these areas likely influenced the strong resemblance between the Dole, Friesian, Fell Pony and Dale Pony breeds.

Two stallions, Odin and Mazarin, had a large influence on the development of the Dole breed. Odin (son of Partisan), was a stallion of Thoroughbred (some sources say Norfolk Trotter ) breeding, imported to Norway in 1834. Odin was said to cost £257 at the time and to have been bred to over 100 mares in his first four years in Norway. All Dole Trotter horses today contain Odin bloodlines. Mazarin was an Arabian imported to Norway in 1934. In 1849, another influential stallion was foaled, named Veikle Balder 4; he was a grandson of Odin and is considered the foundation stallion of the heavier Dole type. A stallion named Brimen 825 was used by breeders to maintain and improve some horses of the heavier Dole type for draft uses.

In the 19th century, harness racing began to rise in popularity in Norway and breeders looked to create a horse suitable for that sport. The Dole Trotter, a smaller, lighter, faster variation of the draft-type Dole Gudbrandsdal, was then developed. Infusions of Thoroughbred blood, as well as that of various trotting and heavy draft breeds, was used to create this new type. The Dole Trotter was especially influenced between 1840 and 1860 by two other stallions, Toftebrun and Dovre (an Arabian ); the latter is the foundation stallion of the Dole Trotter type. The two types are commonly interbred, especially since 1960.

In 1872, the Dole Gudbrandsdal was split into two types, a class for heavier agriculture and driving horses and a class for lighter racing and riding horses. In 1875, the Norwegian Trotting Association was formed by enthusiasts of the second type. In 1902, the first Dole Gudbrandsdal studbook was published, containing stallions from both types born between 1846 and 1892. In 1903, the Norwegian Trotting Association split their registration between purebred Norwegian trotters and trotting crosses. At the same time, standards for entry were tightened and the first inspection committee was created. In 1965, the Norwegian or Dole Trotter studbook was taken over by the Norwegian Trotting Association, as part of the new coldblood trotter program approved by the Norwegian Ministry for Agriculture. The Dole Trotter studbook is still coordinated with the original Dole Gudbrandsdal registry, and horses have to meet many of the same standards. The Dole Trotter is alternately considered a subtype of the Dole Gudbrandsdal  and a separate breed.

Interest in the Dole Gudbrandsdal continued through World War II, and the horses were used heavily during Norway's occupation by Germany. Breed numbers and interest diminished after the war, as increasing mechanization reduced demand for draft animals; however, a breeding center was established in 1962 to help maintain population numbers. In 1947, the National Dølehorse Association was formed to promote and preserve the breed. As of 2002, about 4,000 Dole Gudbrandsdals are registered, with around 175 new foals added annually.

Uses
When originally developed, Dole Gudbrandsdals were used as pack horses on overland trade routes across Norway, the main one of which connected Oslo with the North Sea and ran through the Gudbrandsdal Valley. The Dole Gudbrandsdal is used mainly for heavy draft and agricultural work, as well as timber hauling, while the lighter Dole Trotter is used mainly for harness racing. The Dole Gudbrandsdal was an influential breed in the formation of the North Swedish Horse, and the two breeds are very similar in conformation. When the Dole and North Swedish breeds are crossed, they produce a lighter-weight horse with more forward gaits that is often used for harness racing. The Dole Gudbrandsdal has also been crossed with Swedish Warmbloods to produce riding-type horses, and Dole/Thoroughbred crosses may produce nice hunter horses.

title: Dølehest


text: User talk:68.38.147.115

title: User talk:68.38.147.115


text:
List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1990s

The following lists the number one singles on the Australian Singles Chart, along with other substantial hits, during the 1990s. The source for this decade is the ARIA Charts.

1990
Top 5 singles by Australian and New Zealand artists
 * 1) "Better the Devil You Know" – Kylie Minogue
 * 2) "Mona" – Craig McLachlan and Check 1–2
 * 3) "I Need Your Body" – Tina Arena
 * 4) "Crying in the Chapel" – Peter Blakeley
 * 5) "Lay Down Your Guns" – Jimmy Barnes
 * 6) "Show No Mercy" – Mark Williams

Other hits Songs which peaked at number two included "I Feel the Earth Move" by Martika, "I Want That Man" by Deborah Harry, "Ride On Time" by Black Box, "Don't Know Much" by Linda Ronstadt featuring Aaron Neville, "How Am I Supposed to Live Without You" by Michael Bolton, "Hold On" by Wilson Phillips, "Joey" by Concrete Blonde, "Close to You" by Maxi Priest, and "Suicide Blonde" by INXS.

Songs which peaked at number three were "Crying in the Chapel" by Peter Blakeley, "Black Velvet" by Alannah Myles, "Girl I'm Gonna Miss You" by Milli Vanilli, "How Can We Be Lovers?" by Michael Bolton, "Mona" by Craig McLachlan & Check 1–2, "I Need Your Body" by Tina Arena, "Doin' the Do" by Betty Boo, and "Show Me Heaven" by Maria McKee.

Other major hits (with their peak positions noted) included "Lay Down Your Guns" (4) by Jimmy Barnes, "I Don't Want to Be with Nobody but You" (4) by Absent Friends, "Pump Up the Jam" (4) by Technotronic featuring Felly, "Love and Kisses" (4) by Dannii Minogue, "Justify My Love" (4) by Madonna, "Lambada" (5) by Kaoma, "Chain Reaction" (6) by John Farnham, "Summer Rain" (6) by Belinda Carlisle, "Sacrifice" (7) by Elton John, "Hanky Panky" (6) by Madonna, "Blue Sky Mine" (8) by Midnight Oil, "Step by Step" (8) by New Kids on the Block and "Vision of Love" (9) by Mariah Carey.

1991
Top 5 singles by Australian and New Zealand artists
 * 1) Tingles (EP) – Ratcat
 * 2) "The Horses" – Daryl Braithwaite
 * 3) "Read My Lips" – Melissa
 * 4) "I Touch Myself" – Divinyls
 * 5) "Better" – The Screaming Jets

Other hits Songs which peaked at number two included "Sadeness (Part I)" by Enigma, "Rhythm of My Heart" by Rod Stewart, "Rush Rush" by Paula Abdul, "Unforgettable" by Natalie Cole and Nat King Cole, "More Than Words" by Extreme, and "Break in the Weather" by Jenny Morris.

Songs which peaked at number three were "Fantasy" by Black Box, "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)" by C+C Music Factory, "Wiggle It" by 2 in a Room, "How to Dance" by Bingoboys featuring Princessa, "3 a.m. Eternal" by The KLF, "You Could Be Mine" by Guns N' Roses, "Here I Am (Come and Take Me)" by UB40, "Sexy (Is the Word)" by Melissa, "When Something Is Wrong with My Baby" by John Farnham and Jimmy Barnes, and "Mysterious Ways" by U2.

Other major hits (with peak positions shown), included "Better" (4) by The Screaming Jets, "The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)" (4) by Cher, "I Wanna Sex You Up" (4) by Color Me Badd, "I've Got To Go Now" (5) by Toni Childs, "Ain't No Sunshine" (5) by the Rockmelons featuring Deni Hines, "Burn for You" (5) by John Farnham, "Black Cat" (6) by Janet Jackson, "When Your Love Is Gone" (7) by Jimmy Barnes, "Set Adrift on Memory Bliss" (7) by P.M. Dawn, "From a Distance" (8) by Bette Midler, "Can't Stop This Thing We Started" (9) by Bryan Adams, "Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes off You)" (9) by the Pet Shop Boys, "Crazy" (9) by Seal, "It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" (10) by Lenny Kravitz, "Treaty" (11) by Yothu Yindi, "Where Are You Now?" (13) by Roxus.

1992
Top 5 singles by Australian and New Zealand artists
 * 1) "The Day You Went Away" by Wendy Matthews
 * 2) "Take It from Me" – Girlfriend
 * 3) "Ordinary Angels" (Clunk (EP)) – Frente!
 * 4) "Way Out West" – James Blundell and James Reyne
 * 5) "Love You Right" – Euphoria

Other hits Songs which peaked at number two included "Cream" by Prince and The New Power Generation, "Rocket Man" by Kate Bush, "Get Ready for This" by 2 Unlimited, "Way Out West" by James Blundell and James Reyne, "Please Don't Go" by KWS, "Life Is a Highway" by Tom Cochrane, "The Best Things in Life Are Free" by Janet Jackson and Luther Vandross, and "The Day You Went Away" by Wendy Matthews.

Songs which peaked at number three were "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" by Elton John and George Michael, "Justified & Ancient (Stand by The JAMs)" by The KLF, "Dizzy" by Vic Reeves and The Wonder Stuff, "Stay" by Shakespears Sister, Clunk (EP) by Frente!, "Too Funky" by George Michael, "Rhythm Is a Dancer" by Snap!, "Love Is in the Air" by John Paul Young, and "Would I Lie to You?" by Charles & Eddie.

Other major hits (with their peak positions noted) included As Ugly as They Wanna Be (EP) (4) by Ugly Kid Joe, "That Word (L.O.V.E.)" (4) by the Rockmelons featuring Deni Hines, "Erotica" (4) by Madonna, "November Rain" (5) by Guns N' Roses, "Smells Like Teen Spirit" (5) by Nirvana, "Cry" (5) by Lisa Edwards, "In the Closet" (5) and "Remember the Time" (6) by Michael Jackson, "Not a Day Goes By" (5) and "Heaven Knows" (6) by Rick Price, "Everything's Alright" (6) by John Farnham, Kate Ceberano and Jon Stevens, "Be My Baby" (6) by Teen Queens, "Damn I Wish I Was Your Lover" (7) by Sophie B. Hawkins, "I Can Feel It" (7) by Radio Freedom, "Gett Off" (8) by Prince and The New Power Generation and "This Used to Be My Playground" (9) by Madonna.

1993
Top 5 singles by Australian and New Zealand artists
 * 1) "Gimme Little Sign" – Peter Andre
 * 2) "Stone Cold" – Jimmy Barnes
 * 3) "This Is It" – Dannii Minogue
 * 4) "You Were There" – Southern Sons
 * 5) " Kelly Street" – Frente!

Other hits Songs which peaked at number two were "Can't Get Enough of Your Love" by Taylor Dayne, "Sweat (A La La La La Long)" by Inner Circle, "What's Up?" by 4 Non Blondes, and "Dreams" by Gabrielle.

Songs which peaked at number 3 were "How Do You Talk to an Angel" by The Heights, "December 1963 (Oh, What a Night)" (Remix) by Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons, "You Ain't Thinking (About Me)" by Sonia Dada, "Gimme Little Sign" by Peter Andre, "Two Princes" by Spin Doctors, "Freak Me" by Silk, and "If I Can't Have You" by Kim Wilde.

Other major hits (with peak positions noted) included "Accidently Kelly Street" (4) by Frente!, "House of Love" (4) by East 17, "Give In to Me" (4) by Michael Jackson, "Dreams" (4) by Gabrielle, "The Key: The Secret" (4) by Urban Cookie Collective, "Would I Lie to You?" (4) by Charles & Eddie, "Oh Carolina" (4) by Shaggy, "Rain" (5) by Madonna, "Sexy MF" (5) and "My Name Is Prince" (9) by Prince and The New Power Generation, "The Floor" (5) by Johnny Gill, "Creep" (6) by Radiohead, "Everybody Hurts" (6) by R.E.M., "Dreamlover" (7) by Mariah Carey, "Believe" (8) by Lenny Kravitz and "Go West" (10) by the Pet Shop Boys.

Hits by Australasian artists also included "The Weight" (6) by Jimmy Barnes and The Badloves, "I Want You" (10) and "In Your Room" (10) both by Toni Pearen, "You're So Vain" (11) by Chocolate Starfish and "Funky Junky" (13) by Peter Andre.

1994
Top 5 singles by Australian and New Zealand artists
 * 1) "Tomorrow" – Silverchair
 * 2) "Confide in Me" – Kylie Minogue
 * 3) "Chains" – Tina Arena
 * 4) "Mountain" – Chocolate Starfish
 * 5) "Lonely"/"Bizarre Love Triangle" – Frente!

Other hits Songs which peaked at number two were "Shoop" by Salt-N-Pepa, "Asshole" by Denis Leary, "Slave to the Music" by Twenty 4 Seven, "Said I Loved You...But I Lied" by Michael Bolton, "Whatta Man" by Salt-N-Pepa with En Vogue, "Breathe Again" by Toni Braxton, "Right in the Night (Fall in Love with Music)" by Jam & Spoon featuring Plavka, "Absolutely Fabulous" by Absolutely Fabulous (Pet Shop Boys), "100% Pure Love" by Crystal Waters, "Endless Love" by Mariah Carey and Luther Vandross, "Always" by Bon Jovi, and "All I Want for Christmas Is You" by Mariah Carey.

Songs which peaked at number three were "Without You" by Mariah Carey, "Stay" by Eternal, "Swamp Thing" by The Grid, "7 Seconds" by Youssou N'Dour and Neneh Cherry, "Closer" by Nine Inch Nails, and "Spin the Black Circle" by Pearl Jam.

Other major hits (with peak positions noted) included "Chains" (4) by Tina Arena, "Streets of Philadelphia" (4) by Bruce Springsteen, "Closer" (4) by Nine Inch Nails, "Doop" (4) by Doop, "Around the World" (4) by East 17, "Secret" (5) by Madonna, "Moving on Up" (5) by M People, "Stay (I Missed You)" (5) by Lisa Loeb, "One" (live) (5) by Metallica, "On Bended Knee" (7) by Boyz II Men, "I'll Remember" (7) by Madonna, "Come Out and Play" (8) by The Offspring, "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (9) by Elton John and "Things Can Only Get Better" (9) by D:Ream.

Hits by Australasian artists also included "Hands Out of My Pocket" (9) by Cold Chisel, "The Winner Is..." (9) by Southend with Nik Fish and "More Wine Waiter Please" (10) by The Poor.

1995
Top 5 singles by Australian and New Zealand artists
 * 1) "Mouth" – Merril Bainbridge
 * 2) "Let's Groove" – CDB
 * 3) "Tomorrow" – Silverchair
 * 4) "Mysterious Girl" – Peter Andre
 * 5) "Under the Water" – Merril Bainbridge

Other hits Songs which peaked at number two were "Pure Massacre" by Silverchair, "Here Comes the Hotstepper" by Ini Kamoze, "Total Eclipse of the Heart" by Nicki French, "Think Twice" by Celine Dion, "Scream" by Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson, "Excalibur" by F.C.B., "Alice, Who the Fuck Is Alice?" by The Steppers, "Where the Wild Roses Grow" by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds and Kylie Minogue, "Let's Groove" by CDB, and Merkin Ball ("I Got Id") by Pearl Jam.

Songs which peaked at number three were "Stay Another Day" by East 17, "Sukiyaki" by 4 P.M., "Strong Enough" by Sheryl Crow, and "Shy Guy" by Diana King.

Other major hits (with peak positions noted) included "Waterfalls" (4) by TLC, "You Oughta Know" (4) by Alanis Morissette, "Short Dick Man" (4) by 20 Fingers featuring Gillette, "This Ain't a Love Song" (4) by Bon Jovi, "Under the Water" (4) by Merril Bainbridge, "It's Alright" (4) by Deni Hines, "Somebody's Crying" (5) by Chris Isaak, "Don't Stop (Wiggle Wiggle)" (5) by The Outhere Brothers, "Ode to My Family" (5) by The Cranberries, "Bedtime Story" (5) by Madonna, "Self Esteem" (6) by The Offspring, "A Girl Like You" (6) by Edwyn Collins, "You Are Not Alone" (7) by Michael Jackson, "When I Come Around" (7) by Green Day, "As I Lay Me Down" (7) by Sophie B. Hawkins, "Runaway" (8) by Janet Jackson, "Cotton Eye Joe" (8) by Rednex, "Baby Did a Bad, Bad Thing" (9) by Chris Isaak and "You'll See" (9) by Madonna.

Hits by Australasian artists also included "Sorrento Moon (I Remember)" (7) by Tina Arena and "Put Yourself in My Place" (11) by Kylie Minogue.

1996
Top 5 singles by Australian and New Zealand artists
 * 1) "How Bizarre" – OMC
 * 2) "I Want You" – Savage Garden
 * 3) "Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit" – Gina G
 * 4) "Get Down on It" – Peter Andre featuring Past to Present
 * 5) "Apple Eyes" – Swoop

Other hits Songs which peaked at number two were "Boom Boom Boom" by The Outhere Brothers, "One Sweet Day" by Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men, "Be My Lover" by La Bouche, "Missing" by Everything but the Girl, "Father and Son" by Boyzone, "X-Files Theme" by Triple X, "Nobody Knows" by The Tony Rich Project, "Theme from Mission: Impossible" by Adam Clayton and Larry Mullen, "Return of the Mack" by Mark Morrison, "Macarena" by Los del Mar, "Hero of the Day" by Metallica, "You're Makin' Me High" by Toni Braxton, "I Love You Always Forever" by Donna Lewis, "What's Love Got to Do with It" by Warren G featuring Adina Howard, and "Where Do You Go" by No Mercy.

Songs which peaked at number three were "Give Me One Reason" by Tracy Chapman, "Breakfast at Tiffany's" by Deep Blue Something, "Have a Little Faith" by John Farnham, "Spaceman" by Babylon Zoo, "Ironic" by Alanis Morissette, "Just a Girl" by No Doubt, and "I'll Be There for You" by The Rembrandts.

Other major hits (with peak positions noted) included "I Want You" (4) by Savage Garden, "California Love" (4) by 2Pac featuring Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman, "Sometimes When We Touch" (5) by Newton, "Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit" (5) by Gina G, "Children" (5) by Robert Miles, "Mother Mother" (5) by Tracy Bonham, "Glycerine" (5) by Bush, "It's Oh So Quiet" (6) by Björk, "Diggin' on You" (6) by TLC, "That Girl" (7) by Maxi Priest with Shaggy, "Let's Make a Night to Remember" (7) by Bryan Adams, "Blue" (10) by LeAnn Rimes and "Lump" (11) by The Presidents of the United States of America.

Hits by Australasian artists also included "Get Down on It" (5) by Peter Andre, "Apple Eyes" (9) by Swoop, "Lover Lover" (6) by Jimmy Barnes, "Have a Little Faith (In Us)" (3) by John Farnham, and "Wishes" (6) by Human Nature.

1997
Top 5 singles by Australian and New Zealand artists
 * 1) "Truly Madly Deeply" – Savage Garden
 * 2) "To the Moon and Back" – Savage Garden
 * 3) "Freak" – Silverchair
 * 4) "Every Time You Cry" – John Farnham and Human Nature
 * 5) "Burn" – Tina Arena

Other hits Songs which peaked at number two were "Break My Stride" by Unique II, "I Finally Found Someone" by Barbra Streisand and Bryan Adams, "Breathe" by The Prodigy, "Last Night" by Az Yet, "2 Become 1" by Spice Girls, "Your Woman" by White Town, "When I Die" by No Mercy, "Burn" by Tina Arena, "Bitch" by Meredith Brooks, and "Where's the Love" and "I Will Come to You" by Hanson.

Songs which peaked at number three were "Discothèque" by U2, "Pony" by Ginuwine, "Don't Let Go (Love)" by En Vogue, "One More Time" by Real McCoy, "You Were Meant for Me" by Jewel, "When Doves Cry" by Quindon Tarver, "How Do I Live" by Trisha Yearwood, "Every Time You Cry" by John Farnham and Human Nature, "Do Ya Think I'm Sexy?" by N-Trance, and "Everybody (Backstreet's Back)" by Backstreet Boys.

Other major hits (with peak positions noted) included "Even When I'm Sleeping" (4) by Leonardo's Bride, "Everybody (Backstreet's Back)" (4) by Backstreet Boys, "Song 2" (4) by Blur, "How Come, How Long" (5) by Babyface featuring Stevie Wonder, "Blood on the Dance Floor" (5) by Michael Jackson, "Sexy Eyes" (6) by Whigfield, "Alone" (6) by the Bee Gees, "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" (7) by Madonna, "Honey" (8) by Mariah Carey, "Semi-Charmed Life" (8) by Third Eye Blind, "Got 'til It's Gone" (10) by Janet Jackson featuring Q-Tip and Joni Mitchell, "The End Is the Beginning Is the End" (10) by The Smashing Pumpkins, "Mo Money Mo Problems" (10) by The Notorious B.I.G. featuring Puff Daddy and Mase and "Lovefool" (11) by The Cardigans.

Hits by Australasian artists also included "Break Me Shake Me" (7) by Savage Garden, "Don't Say Goodbye" (8) by Human Nature, "Abuse Me" (9) and "Cemetery" (5) by Silverchair, "Calypso" (13) by Spiderbait, "All I Wanna Do" (11) by Dannii Minogue and "Did It Again" (15) by Kylie Minogue.

1998
Top 5 singles by Australian and New Zealand artists
 * 1) "Second Solution"/"Prisoner of Society" – The Living End
 * 2) "Buses and Trains" – Bachelor Girl
 * 3) "Torn" – Natalie Imbruglia
 * 4) "Big Mistake" – Natalie Imbruglia
 * 5) "Sway" – Bic Runga

Other hits Songs which peaked at number two were "As Long as You Love Me" by Backstreet Boys, "Torn" by Natalie Imbruglia, "Fuel" by Metallica, "Ghetto Supastar (That Is What You Are)" by Pras Michel featuring Ol' Dirty Bastard and introducing Mýa, "When the Lights Go Out" by Five, "Viva Forever" by Spice Girls, "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)"/"Redundant" by Green Day, and "From This Moment On" by Shania Twain.

Songs which peaked at number three were "Lollipop (Candyman)" by Aqua, "The Boy Is Mine" by Brandy and Monica, "If You Could Read My Mind" by Stars on 54, and "Finally Found" by Honeyz.

Other major hits (with peak positions noted) included "Second Solution"/"Prisoner of Society" (4) by The Living End, "Together Again" (4) by Janet Jackson, "All I Have to Give" (4) by Backstreet Boys, "Music Sounds Better with You" (4) by Stardust, "Buses and Trains" (4) by Bachelor Girl, "Last Thing on My Mind" (5) by Steps, "Stop" (5) by Spice Girls, "Frozen" (5) by Madonna, "Under the Bridge"/"Lady Marmalade" (5) by All Saints, "Ray of Light" (6) by Madonna, "You Make Me Wanna..." (6) by Usher, "Everybody Get Up" (6) by Five, "Gettin' Jiggy wit It" (6) by Will Smith, "Big Mistake" (6) by Natalie Imbruglia, "This Is How We Party" (7) by S.O.A.P., "Walkin' on the Sun" (7) by Smash Mouth, "Life" (8) by Des'ree, "Crush on You" (9) by Aaron Carter and "I'll Never Break Your Heart" (10) by the Backstreet Boys.

Hits by Australasian artists also included "Pash" (10) by Kate Ceberano, "Polyester Girl" (14) by Regurgitator, "Cruel" (14) by Human Nature, "The Things I Love in You" (10) by Cold Chisel, Pushing Buttons (EP) (13) by Grinspoon, "I Don't Like It" (10) by Pauline Pantsdown, "Now I Can Dance" (13) by Tina Arena, "Cry" (13) by The Mavis's and "Addicted to Bass" (15) by Josh Abrahams and Amiel Daemion.

1999
Top 5 singles by Australian and New Zealand artists
 * 1) "Don't Call Me Baby" – Madison Avenue
 * 2) "The Animal Song" – Savage Garden
 * 3) "I Knew I Loved You" – Savage Garden
 * 4) "Absolutely Everybody" – Vanessa Amorosi
 * 5) "Jackie" – B.Z. featuring Joanne

Other hits Songs which peaked at number two were "That Don't Impress Me Much" by Shania Twain, "Why Don't You Get a Job?" by The Offspring, "We Like to Party" and "Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!" by Vengaboys, "I Want It That Way" by Backstreet Boys, "Sometimes" by Britney Spears, "If Ya Gettin' Down" by Five, "Genie in a Bottle" by Christina Aguilera, "Don't Call Me Baby" by Madison Avenue, and "The Millennium Prayer" by Cliff Richard.

Songs which peaked at number three were "Goodbye" by Spice Girls, "Jackie" by B.Z. featuring Joanne, "Anthem for the Year 2000" by Silverchair, "The Animal Song" by Savage Garden, "Look at Me" by Geri Halliwell, "Larger than Life" by Backstreet Boys, "When You Say Nothing at All" by Ronan Keating, "Unpretty" by TLC, "Bring It All Back" by S Club 7, and "Sister" by Sister 2 Sister.

Other major hits (with peak positions noted) included "When You're Gone" (4) by Bryan Adams and Melanie C, "I Knew I Loved You" (4) by Savage Garden, "Livin' la Vida Loca" (4) by Ricky Martin, "2 Times" (4) by Ann Lee, "This Kiss" (4) by Faith Hill, "All Star" (4) by Smash Mouth, "Touch It" (5) by Monifah, "No Matter What" (5) by Boyzone, "Absolutely Everybody" (5) by Vanessa Amorosi, "Lullaby" (5) by Shawn Mullins, "Beautiful Stranger" (5) by Madonna, "Sweet Like Chocolate" (6) by Shanks & Bigfoot, "Honey to the Bee" (6) by Billie Piper, "Silence" (6) by Delerium featuring Sarah McLachlan, "(7) "Changes"  by 2Pac, "Got the Feelin'" (6) and Until the Time Is Through" (8) by Five, "Doo Wop (That Thing)" (8) by Lauryn Hill, "Wild Wild West" (8) by Will Smith featuring Dru Hill and Kool Moe Dee, "Fly Away" (8) by Lenny Kravitz, "Thank ABBA for the Music" (9) by B*Witched, Steps, Cleopatra, Tina Cousins and Billie Piper and "Heartbreaker" (10) by Mariah Carey featuring Jay-Z.

Hits by Australasian artists also included "Sister" (3) by Sister2Sister, "Weir" (6) by Killing Heidi, "Eternal Flame"/"Shake You Outta My Head" (8), "Don't Cry" (5) and "Last to Know" (14) by Human Nature, "Have a Look" (13) by Vanessa Amorosi and "Everywhere You Go" (15) by Taxiride.


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Term loan

A term loan is a monetary loan that is repaid in regular payments over a set period of time. Term loans usually last between one and ten years, but may last as long as 30 years. A term loan involves paying interest with the interest amount being added to the amount that needs to be repaid. The interest rate which could fixed or floating is often based on the borrower's credit rating and when floating is often based on a benchmark rate such as LIBOR, SOFR or a similar.

Term loans are normally business loans and are in contrast to a line of credit or short term demand loans. The ability to repay over a long period of time can be attractive for new or expanding enterprises, as the assumption is that they will increase their profit over time thus being able to repay the loan. Term loans are a way for a business to quickly increase capital in order to raise a business’ supply capabilities or range. For instance, a new companies may use a term loan to buy a company vehicles or rent more space for their operations.

Considerations
The cost of the loan is the interest rate which can be fixed or floating. A fixed interest rate means that the percentage of interest will never increase, regardless of the financial market. Floating interest rates will fluctuate with the market, which can be good or bad depending on what happens with the global and national economy. Since some term loans last for 10 years or more the interest rate is an important risk consideration for both borrower and lender.

Most term loans will use compound interest. If it does, the amount of interest will be periodically added to the principal borrowed amount, meaning that the interest keeps getting bigger the longer the term lasts. Although the term is fixed, the borrower may be able to repay it early in full, but there may be penalties for early repayment of the loan.

Some lending institutions offer a variety of repayment plans for a term loan. Commonly, the loan is structured to pay off the debt in even amounts. However it may be structured so that payment gradually increase over the loan period or step up over time. This may be advantageous, if the borrower considers that it will be in better position to repay the loan in the future, but this would increase the interest amount and increases the risk for the lender. Even payments tend to help prevent a default on the loan.

title: Term loan


text:
Talk:Fuck buddy

This page borders on self parody of Wikipedia. In an effort to create some semblance of respectability, I've moved the 'Morality' section to the top. If someone feels that this is inappropriate, you can move it back down, and I'll let the issue drop.
 * I feel the 'Morality' should be moved back to the end (in alphabetical order), as not adding any real value by being on top. Also, I think it would be better to reword it (I couldn't think of a proper way yet), as to avoid absolutism (concept of f.b. is not in accordance with traditional moral values implies that any culture's traditional moral values do not fit, and never did, whereas I am sure there were cultures that permited, and possibly even encouraged such relationships. Of course, this is not a researched fact, thut I'm commenting, not fixing). --Yurik 15:15, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)

The concept
It seems that the concept of non committed sex has existed for the length of the human condition. Perhaps the sitcom Sex In The City has brought this topic to the point of open discussion and labeling as a phenomena. The possible fact that young women now may avail themselves officially of the behavior always attributed to young men seems to stick mainly in the egos of those young men who now may feel as utilized by the women as they had once taken advantage of the female sex. In the movies made in the 1950's, there emerged a double standard of good women, who were suitable for marriage and motherhood, and bad women, who were ultimately doomed to a life as whores. Prior to that time, women who enjoyed sex and sexual behavior were accepted as equals. There has recently been television program which outlined the distinction via class structure for this acceptance. The "lower" working class were more open about their sexuality whereas the "upper" classes were more prone to condemn sexual interest outside of marriage for women.

Isn't there a better term than fuck buddy?
I think the term "friend with benefits" is a better and more commonly used term for this. What would you think about moving the article and setting up "fuck buddy" as a redirect? -Ld | talk 15:54, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps it could be merged into casual sex? violet/riga (t) 16:01, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Just saw you found friends with benefits - that'd be better, though I think that name is still somewhat unencyclopedic. violet/riga (t) 16:03, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I think you're right. I thought about this, and I think "casual relationship" might be the most appropriate term.  Afterall, they used it in the New York Times.  -Ld | talk 16:18, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Good name for it. violet/riga (t) 16:22, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * All right, I'm going to attempt to merge the 2 of these into a third article (watch me screw this up :) -Ld | talk 19:35, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Upon visiting this article, I was redirected to casual relationship. I'm of the opinion a redirect to casual sex is more suitable. 'Fuck' means to fuck afterall. -- Longhair | Talk 20:47, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fuck buddy


text:
2005 in men's road cycling

The 2005 season will be best remembered for Lance Armstrong's unparalleled seventh successive victory in the Tour de France, however it was also notable for other reasons. After months of wrangling between the UCI, teams, and organizers of the major tours, the ProTour finally became a reality.

November – December
No major races.

title: 2005 in men's road cycling


text:
Goderich, Ontario

Goderich ( or ) is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario and is the county seat of Huron County. The town was founded by John Galt and William "Tiger" Dunlop of the Canada Company in 1827. First laid out in 1828, the town is named after Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, who was prime minister of the United Kingdom at the time. It was incorporated as a town in 1850.

As of the Canada 2016 Census, the population is 7,628 in a land area of 8.64 square kilometres.

Located on the eastern shore of Lake Huron at the mouth of the Maitland River, Goderich faces the lake to the west and is notable for its sunsets. Some claim that Queen Elizabeth II once commented that Goderich was "the prettiest town in Canada" although no reigning monarch has ever visited Goderich. The town indicates that tourism is among its important industries. It has been named one of Ontario's best small towns by Comfort Life, a website for retirement living in Canada.

The town participates yearly in the Communities in Bloom competition; and has won awards in many categories. In 2012, Goderich was a National Finalist in the competition, and was also part of the Circle of excellence.

History
According to the historic plaques erected by the Province, the Canada Company acquired the vast amount of land called the Huron Tract in 1826 and in 1827, under Superintendent John Galt, established its base in what would become Goderich. Development was under way by 1829. In 1850, with a population of about 1,000, the community was incorporated as a town. In addition to Galt, another important individual was Dr. William "Tiger" Dunlop who was Warden of the Forests for the Canada Company, and helped develop the Huron Tract and later, to found Goderich. Also noteworthy, Thomas Mercer Jones administered much of the million acre Tract and built a richly furnished mansion, Park House, in Goderich in about 1839.

Town records indicate that the Huron Tract had been acquired by the government from the Chippewa First Nation and that the location of the community was based on coastal surveys completed in 1824 by Captain Bayfield. A log cabin was erected, at the top of the hill overlooking the harbour in 1827; this building, the home of Dr. William "Tiger" Dunlop, was later referred to as "The Castle".

An 1846 Gazette indicated that a harbour was operating, but the docks were not in a good state of repair. A light house was being erected. Roads were available to Wilmot Township, Ontario and to the town of London, Ontario. Shipbuilding was already underway. A fishing company had started but did not succeed and closed down. There were five churches in Goderich, four Protestant and one Roman Catholic. By 1869 the population was 4,500; a railway station and steamship docks were in operation. Wheat was the primary crop shipped from this area.

Research by the University of Waterloo indicates that the Canada Company built piers to protect ships in the harbour between 1830 and 1850 and in 1872 the first modern harbour was created. The railway arrived in June 1858 and a grain elevator was erected in 1859. Harbour Hill was graded in 1850. Fishing became an important part of the community, and the pier was lined with fish shanties. A modern rail station was built near the harbour and the building still stands today. Goderich became a very busy rail shipping location by the 1940s and had a roadhouse and turntable until the 1960s. Salt mining, which eventually became a major industry, was started in 1866 when Samuel Platt began opening salt mines beside his flour mill on the Maitland River. The harbour at Goderich was also the home of large flour mills starting in the 1870s.

The Smith's Canadian Gazetteer of 1846 describes Goderich as follows: "It was laid out in 1827 by Mr. Galt ... the town is rather exposed to north and north west winds from the lake, in consequence of which the weather is occasionally wintry, even in the middle of summer ... Owing to its remote situation ... Goderich has not increased as fast as many other places of the same age. A harbour has been constructed but the piers are now getting out of repair. This is the only harbour between Port Sarnia and the Saugeen Islands. A light house is just about being erected .... A steamboat and several schooners have been built here. Stages run twice a week from Goderich to London and Galt, and during the last season the steamboat Goderich called here on her weekly trips ... A fishing company was established here, some years since, but from some mismanagement did not succeed very-well, and is now broken up. Goderich contains five churches and chapels, ... there is also a stone jail and court house, and the Canada Company's offices... Post Office, post four times a week. Population, 659.'"

The Goderich lighthouse, the first on the Canadian side of Lake Huron, opened in 1847 with a tower and the keeper's house. After the 1913 storm it was remodelled. A severe storm on Lake Huron in November 1913 caused the loss of 19 ships and 244 lives. A great deal of wreckage floated to the Goderich area shore. The bodies of the sailors were identified and collected by a Lake Carriers' Association committee based at Goderich.

In 1866, four artesian wells began providing the town's water and also attracted tourists who had heard about the water's medicinal properties. The Ocean House Hotel, built in the 1850s, housed many tourists. From about 1910, the sandy beach near town were also used heavily by locals and by visitors who appreciated the shallow, warm water. In 1930, a "bathing house" was built with lockers, restrooms and a small store.

Early in World War II, what is now the Goderich Airport became the site of one of Canada's air training facilities; it opened in December 1939, at Sky Harbour. The school operated until March 1945. A Lancaster X airplane, FM 213, was donated in the 1960s by Branch 109 Royal Canadian Legion in honour of those who died or went missing during the war.

Goderich has many historically designated buildings, listed on a map published by the Town.

In 2018, a strike involving over 350 salt mine workers broke out in Goderich, following labour disputes between the Unifor Local 16-0 union and the American-owned company Compass Minerals, which owns the mine, over a new contract. The strike ended in July 2018 having lasted for 12 weeks.

On August 9 2022, the at-the-time Mayor, John Grace, died in a boating accident in Northwestern Ontario. The Deputy Mayor, Myles Murdock, took over as the acting Mayor for the remainder of the 2022 term of council. Myles Murdock was elected as the Mayor of Goderich for the 2022-2026 term of council during the 2022 Ontario Municipal Election.

The Square

Goderich's downtown has an octagonal roundabout known as 'The Square'. The county courthouse stands in the middle of The Square. This is where, in 1959, Steven Truscott was convicted of murdering Lynne Harper. The conviction was overturned in 2007.

The Square was formally listed in the Register of Historic Place by the Government of Canada in May 2007. The Town had already recognized the value of the area in 1982, under the Ontario Heritage Act.

The Square was designed and developed between 1840 and the mid 1890s and in its early days, contained the main office of the Canada Company which helped to develop much of the county. The design of the square - a "radial composition" - is attributed to John Galt of the Company, inspired by ancient Roman city plans. Over the years it was called "Market Square", "The Square" or "Courthouse Square" by locals. The original courthouse was located here but was destroyed in a fire and replaced by a modern structure in the 1950s.

Contrary to a popularly held belief, plans for The Square were not intended for Guelph. It is thought this rumour started when Goderich was founded, as town planners the Canada Company originally wanted their community to be called Guelph after the Royal Family; the Company eventually resigned to accepting the decisions of Superintendent John Galt to keep the name Goderich.

2011 tornado

On the afternoon of 21 August 2011, an F3 tornado touched down in the area, after coming ashore as a waterspout, with the mesocyclone thunderstorm cell moving across Lake Huron. It was the strongest tornado that had hit Ontario since the Arthur, Ontario tornado of April 20, 1996, though on average, F3 tornadoes occur in Ontario every eight years. The devastating storm downed power lines, tore roofs from houses, and left cars and trees scattered along city streets. Hundred-year-old trees surrounding the Goderich Courthouse were uprooted in seconds. The tornado killed one person: Norman Laberge, 61, of Lucknow, who was working on a dock associated with a salt mine on the coast of Lake Huron when the storm hit. 37 people were injured. The Environment Canada weather forecast office in Toronto issued a tornado warning for Goderich and southern Huron County 12 minutes before the tornado struck. The town did not have a tornado siren unlike some other Ontario cities.

News reports later indicated that one hundred houses, 25 buildings and thousands of 150-plus-year-old trees were seriously damaged or destroyed.

Rebuilding The Square area
After the tornado, the roofs of several buildings around the square had been destroyed, and the trees in the green space around the courthouse had been damaged or uprooted.

A year later, 152 of the 170 downtown businesses had reopened but reconstruction of the courthouse, some historic buildings and the trees in the area took much longer.

By 2015, the park had re-opened with a new band shell. New trees, greenery, a statue and a water feature had been installed in front of the court house. Much of the area around the park had been reconstructed including commercial building on Kingston Street and The Square. The last work to be completed was the Kingston block of commercial buildings on Kingston Street and The Square. Although the farmers' market and flea market had closed before the tornado, it re-opened.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Goderich had a population of $7,881$ living in $3,667$ of its $3,899$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $7,628$. With a land area of 8.54 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Economy

Goderich is in Huron County which is primarily agricultural. In fact, the Official Plan indicates that "Huron leads all counties and regions in Ontario in total value of production; and it also exceeds the production totals of several provinces." However, the town does have some manufacturing with companies such as Compass Minerals and Vestas.

The salt mining industry in Goderich is one of the oldest in Ontario. In 1866, petroleum exploration crews found a massive ancient salt deposit about 300 m under the surface.

To date, 150 million tons of salt has been produced from the mine and by 2012, after recent investments, it will be able to produce 9 million tons a year This all started in 1866 when prospector Sam Platt was searching for oil and instead discovered rock salt 300 metres beneath Goderich Harbour. Just over 50 years ago harvesting of the salt began, and continues today by Sifto Canada. The mine is 1750 ft below surface, extending 7 km2 under Lake Huron - roughly the size of the town. It is the largest underground salt mine in the world.

The salt deposits at Goderich are from an ancient sea bed of Silurian age, part of the Salina Formation. The halite rock salt is also found in Windsor, Ontario, both located on the eastern periphery of the Michigan Basin, on the southeastern shores of Lake Huron.

The Town currently lists Canadian Salt Co./ Windsor Salt Warehouse and the Compass Minerals Evaporator and its Goderich Mine as businesses involved in this industry.

Volvo once operated a road grader manufacturing plant in Goderich. The plant, originally operated by locally-owned Champion Road Machinery, was one of the world's oldest manufacturers of road equipment. It was acquired by Volvo in 1997. In September 2008, Volvo announced plans to close all operations in Goderich and move operations to Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. Production in Goderich ceased in 2009.

Tourism
Tourism is also significant because many visitors spend time on the Lake Huron shore, including three beaches near Goderich, and may shop or stay overnight in town. Goderich has festivals and events each year that appeal to some visitors as well as local attractions.

The Huron Historic Gaol is a National Historic Site of Canada. It served as the region's gaol (old English form of jail) from its opening in 1842 until 1972. It is open to the public between April and October. This is the site of the last public hanging in Canada. James Donnelly Sr. of the Black Donnellys also spent time here before his trial. As well, Steven Truscott was held here for some time.

The Huron County Museum is a community museum which offers modern exhibition galleries. Permanent exhibits depict the early settlement and development of Huron County, including a full-size locomotive, a World War II Sherman tank, an extensive military collection, and an exhibit related to salt mining in the area. The museum also collects and maintains the Huron County Archives.

Goderich features three public-use beaches which can be reached by car following signage in town to the beach hill, also known as West Street. After parking, beach users can also walk along a wooden boardwalk over a mile in length (in late 2019, the boardwalk was damaged by strong waves, and it has been under repairs through 2020 ). The main beach, at the north end of the walkway is a sand and fine gravel beach where swimmers and sunbathers can watch lake freighters loading up with salt on the other side of the pier. Further south is St. Christopher's beach and at the far end of the boardwalk is "Rotary Cove", a family-friendly sand beach with lifeguards and playground equipment. Of interest as well, are the man-made groynes along the beach, put in place to control sand migration from the action of water currents.

Aside from annual festivals and events, Goderich hosts occasional special events, such as during Goderich's 150 year celebration - Jubilee 3 - there was a Skydiving Jamboree at the Goderich Airport. This event attracted hundreds of parachutists from all over the U.S.A. and Canada.

Flag
Goderich has its own official flag, which was adopted in 1977 for the town's 150th birthday celebration. A contest was held, open to all Goderich schools and residents. It was won by Goderich resident Judge Carter from St. Vincent St. The flag shows the royal crown centred in an octagon (representing the 1/4 mile octagonal 3-lane town square) with 3 waves at the bottom on a blue background representing Lake Huron and the Port of Goderich. The Town also has a full town crest.

Sports
Besides school teams, during the winter season, hockey is prevalent in most Canadian small towns, Goderich being no exception. The town supports the Jr. C Goderich Flyers, much of the talent on the Flyers being of local origin.

Government
The Goderich municipal council includes a Mayor, Deputy Mayor and five Councillors. The Mayor and the Deputy Mayor are also members of the County Council.

The Huron County Council consists of fifteen members from the nine area municipalities. Each is represented on this Council. Each year, a Warden is elected from the group and chairs meetings and represents the County at various functions. In 2022, the Warden was Glen McNeil, also Reeve of Ashfield-Colborne- Wawanosh Township.

Ports

Goderich Airport (known unofficially as Sky Harbour Airport) is a community airport with three runways: two are paved, with runway lighting, and one is grass. It is located directly north of the town, and is accessible via the Bluewater Highway north of the community. During WWII, The airport was the site of an Elementary Flying Training School as part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. In addition to flight services, several industries are located in the immediate area of the airport to provide the full range of services that aviation requires, including interior and exterior re-finishing, and mechanical repairs.

Goderich Harbour is owned by the town, but is operated under contract by Goderich Port Management Corporation. It is an industrial harbour, used primarily to load salt from the Sifto salt mines onto lake and ocean freighters.

Snug Harbour is a marina located within the industrial harbour basin; Maitland Valley Marina is also located near Goderich.

Railways

The Goderich-Exeter Railway currently operates freight service to Goderich. The line was built by the Buffalo and Lake Huron Railway in 1859. The railway was soon taken over by the Grand Trunk Railway, later CN. In 1992, the line was sold to the GEXR.

The Canadian Pacific Railway built its own line, the Guelph and Goderich Railway, into Goderich in 1907. Passenger service ran until the 1960s. The entire line was abandoned in 1989. The trestle crossing over the Maitland River was converted through public fund-raising into a public walkway, offering views of the harbour, Maitland Valley golf course and the river valley itself. The Ontario West Shore Railway started to build a railway from Goderich to Kincardine in 1909, but it was never completely opened.

Education
Public education in Goderich is managed by the Avon Maitland District School Board, with Goderich District Collegiate Institute (GDCI) and Goderich Public School (grades from junior Kindergarten to grade 6) in the town. GDCI was founded in 1841, and stood at the corner of Waterloo St. and Britannia Road, until the present building was completed. Goderich Public School is an amalgamation of Victoria Public School and Robertson Memorial Public School.

Catholic schools are managed by the Huron-Perth Catholic District School Board, which has St. Mary's Catholic School in town. The nearest Catholic high school is located in Clinton.

Newspaper

 * The local newspaper is the Goderich Signal Star, owned by Quebecor/Sun Media Corporation through Bowes Publishers.

AM
None

FM

 * CIYN-FM-1 99.7 "Oldies" - classic hits
 * CHWC-FM 104.9 "Today's Best Country" - local news and country music
 * CKNX-FM 101.7 "The One" - local, regional and national news and adult contemporary music
 * CIBU-FM 94.5/91.7 "Cool 94.5" - local, regional and national news and classic rock music

Notable people

 * Albert Dewsbury (1926–2006) former NHL defenceman
 * Gary Doak (1946-2017) former NHL defenceman
 * William "Tiger" Dunlop (1792–1846) Founding father of Goderich associated with Canada Company
 * Brock Dykxhoorn (born 1994) Professional baseball player, inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame as a member of the 2015 Pan American Games gold medal winning baseball team
 * Brenda Elliott (born 1950) Former Ontario cabinet minister
 * Larry Jeffrey (1940 - 2022) former NHL forward, won the Stanley Cup in 1967 with the Toronto Maple Leafs
 * C. E. McIntosh member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
 * Ted Nasmith fantasy illustrator, best known for his illustrations of the works of J. R. R. Tolkien
 * Jack Price (1932–2011) former NHL defenceman
 * Jennifer Robinson (born 1976) former six-time Canadian national figure skating champion
 * Tim Sale (born 1942), retired cabinet Minister in the province of Manitoba, Canada
 * Dick Treleaven (born 1934) Ontario politician
 * Steven Truscott, wrongfully convicted of murder in 1959 and sentenced to hang but sentence was commuted to life in prison. Released in 1969.
 * Ron Van Horne (1932–2017) Ontario politician

title: Goderich, Ontario


text:
Talk:School bus yellow

Archived discussions
Archive 1

Dubious source, circular support
I have removed the following text: ''The color was chosen because it attracts attention and is noticed quickly in peripheral vision, faster than any other color. Scientists describe this as follows: "Lateral peripheral vision for detecting yellows is 1.24 times greater than for red."'' This text was added on 5 February 2013, with this as a ref. The ref is problematic—it is a blog, first of all, and it appears to be a commercial one. That alone probably makes it unreliable as a source (per WP:BLOGS). Even worse, it offers no support for the claim about what "scientists" say. Which scientists, in what research conducted and published when and where? Were these scientists, if they exist, talking about yellow emitted light (as from a traffic signal) or yellow reflected light (as from a bus painted yellow)? Under what conditions? Versus what collection of other colors? As measured how? In what kinds of observers? How strong was the conclusion? We have no way of knowing any of this, and it all matters. It seems very unlikely that any real scientist would come out and say "Any yellow is exactly 1.24 times easier to see in peripheral vision than any red, by any human, without exception, in all circumstances, period, end of the discussion; we've answered that question completely and no further research is needed" -- that isn't how legitimate scientists really describe their work.

Unfortunately, because the text was in the article for so long, searching for a solid source results in a flood of sites and pages just parrotting it, verbatim, probably after reading it here on Wikipedia. That makes the claim very difficult to verify reliably.

If reliable sources can be found for the claim, it could be put back in if reliable sources link any such peripheral-vision advantage (if it exists) to the requirement that school buses be painted School Bus Yellow. Without that link it would be synthesis, which isn't allowed.173.180.13.37 (talk) 22:20, 13 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:School bus yellow


text: Category:541 deaths

title: Category:541 deaths


text:
Talk:Joni Madraiwiwi I

this page should be moved to Joni Madraiwiwi I or something, as his name was not Jone but Joni.

 * I've actually seen both spellings in print. However, feel free to move the page if you wish - it's not something I feel passionate about. David Cannon 00:16, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

born in suva - reference?
being born in suva is highly unlikely - in 1859 Suva was a minor village, and a noble woman would not have any business giving birth in such a place. --Xorkl000 04:24, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Good to see you back! I believe I based my information on Kathleen Hancock's Men of Mana - which contains biographies of three Pacific leaders.  The section on Ratu Mara includes references to Ratu Sukuna and his family background.  I have no problem with removing the Suva reference, however, as I found quite a number of things in that book that I know to be inaccurate.  So perhaps we should delete that reference unless we can substantiate it. David Cannon 10:42, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi, I realize that the two preceding comments were quite a while back, I made some additions to this article and would be interested in your feedback. I agree that Ratu Madraiwiwi was probably not born in Suva. However, his father Ratu Kamisese Kapaiwai Mara was hung around the time he was born, his family while still being quite noble was in a state of disgrace. People still refer to his descendants today on Bau as "kawa ni kuna" or "descendents of someone who was hung".

 * After his defeat and capture at the battle of Kaba, he was taken to Bau and he made a request that he be clubbed as a noble warrior. When Adi Litia Samanunu, Radi Levuka [title of the "Watina bau" (principal wife) of the Vunivalu], returned to Mara with the reply, she told him she had two "tukutuku" or things she needed to inform him: first, Adi Loaloakubou (his first cousin and half sister to the Vunivalu) had borne him a son; second, his request had been denied. He replied, "sa vinaka" ie so be it! He also asked that the child be given the name Madraiwiwi (lit. Sour Bread) as life had soured in his mouth. That is the origin of the subject's name.

 * Sorry I rambled a bit, my point was that its not completely impossible that he was born in Suva, it was small but allied to Bau and a disgraced soon-to-be-widow may have been sheltering there with Ratu Ravulo, the Tui Suva (Suva chief)at the time; her and the Vunivalu's nephew (son of another of their half-sisters) . More likely though, she was in Lasakau, the neighbouring village still on Bau island, before bearing child to Mara she had been the wife of Ratu Gavidi, the Komai Nadrukuta (the Lasakau chief who was killed in a skirmish with Verata on the 26th of April 1850 ) and her descendants are still the ruling family there.Tukutukudina (talk) 15:55, 23 February 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joni Madraiwiwi I


text: Category:541 births

title: Category:541 births


text:
Turners Hill

Turners Hill is a village and civil parish in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England. The civil parish covers an area of 1390 ha, and has a population of 1,849 (2001 census) increasing to 1,919 at the 2011 Census.

The village is located three miles (5 km) south-west of East Grinstead, four miles (6 km) to the south-east of Crawley, and stands on a steep ridge line at one of the highest points (580 feet above sea level) of the High Weald, where two historically important routes, the B2110 and B2028, cross.

The village
In the centre is the village green which, together with the shops, the Crown pub and the Free Church, form the focal point. St Leonard's Anglican church is on a ridge of the hill. St Leonard's was built in 1895–7 by Lacy Ridge, with porches and the rock-faced tower added by Sir Aston Webb in 1923. The stained glass windows are all by Charles Eamer Kempe. The reredos seems to be a composite of salvaged pieces from different sources. The Free Church building dates from 1906 and replaced a church on the same site formed in 1824 by members of Zion Chapel in East Grinstead and the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion.

The village has two pubs, the Crown and the Red Lion. Facilities for football, netball, five-a-side and tennis are available on the large recreation ground while the cricket club now has its own ground. There is a Victorian primary school, Turners Hill Church of England primary school, which has recently been extended, and has a wind turbine. Pupils usually move to Imberhorne School after year six. A community centre, The Ark, and parish council facilities involving a village housing scheme has been built adjacent to the recreation ground.

The area to the north of the cross-roads represents the major residential development in recent years while the older parts of the village, and in particular Lion Lane, have retained their historic character. Many buildings date from the 17th and 18th centuries and a number have been listed by the Department of the Environment. The village centre with its pubs and churches has been designated a conservation area.

Sport
Football is a very popular sport in the village. There are two football teams, Turners Hill and Turners Hill reserves. Football is often played at the recreation ground (always called "the rec or the ark" by villagers) for fun as well as by all three teams. There is a traditional rivalry with the nearest village Crawley Down. The rec also holds events such as the annual village fair.

The village is known as one of the hardest sections of the London to Brighton bike ride, perhaps second only to Ditchling Beacon, and every year causes severe congestion.

Landmarks
Within the parish, there is a Site of Special Scientific Interest also called Turners Hill. This is a disused quarry whose workings have left vertical sections in the sandstone making it a valuable resource for paeleoenvironmental research.

Worth Abbey and Worth School are situated near the village.

Notable residents
Antiques appraiser David Battie, who is an expert on Antiques Roadshow and previously at Sotheby's.

Olympic athlete Daley Thompson lived in the village for a short time.

Jimmy Page, former guitarist for Led Zeppelin, currently owns a house near the village.

Phatfish singer Lou Fellingham grew up in the village and attended the Free Church.

Olympic athlete (4th 1984 Olympic 5,000m) and TV Commentator Tim Hutchings was brought up in the cottage next to the White Hart Inn, 1.5 miles to the south of the village. He attended Worth School.

Twin towns
In 1992 Turners Hill entered into a Town Twinning relationship with St Leger en Yvelines in the Île-de-France region of France. The active Turners Hill Twinning Association meets at monthly social events and has an annual exchange visit with the residents of St Leger, each town visiting the other on a bi-annual rotation.

title: Turners Hill


text:
Dux Britanniarum

Dux Britanniarum was a military post in Roman Britain, probably created by Emperor Diocletian or Constantine I during the late third or early fourth century. The Dux (literally, "(military) leader" was a senior officer in the late Roman army of the West in Britain. It is listed in the Notitia Dignitatum as being one of the three commands in Britain, along with the Comes Britanniarum and Count of the Saxon Shore.

His responsibilities covered the area along Hadrian's Wall, including the surrounding areas to the Humber estuary in the southeast of today's Yorkshire, Cumbria and Northumberland to the mountains of the Southern Pennines. The headquarters were in the city of Eboracum (York). The purpose of this buffer zone was to preserve the economically important and prosperous southeast of the island from attacks by the Picts (tribes of what are now the Scottish lowlands) and against the Scots (Irish raiders).

History
The Dux Britanniarum was commander of the troops of the Northern Region, primarily along Hadrian's Wall. The position carried the rank of viri spectabiles, but was below that of the Comes Britanniarum. His responsibilities would have included protection of the frontier, maintenance of fortifications, and recruitment. Provisioning the troops would have played a significant part in the economy of the area. The Dux would have had considerable influence within his geographical jurisdiction, and exercised significant autonomy due in part to the distance from headquarters of his superiors.

The Notitia Dignitatum lists the garrison along Hadrian's Wall (along with several sites on the coast of Cumbria) under the command of the Dux Britanniarum. Archaeological evidence shows that other units must have been stationed here, which are not, however, mentioned in the Notita. Most of them were established during the 3rd Century.

Castles and units
His troops were limitanei or frontier guards and not the comitatenses or field army commanded by the Comes Britanniarum. Fourteen units in north Britain are listed in the Notitia as being under his command, stationed in either modern Yorkshire, Cumbria or Northumberland. Archaeological evidence indicates there were other posts occupied at the time which are not listed. His forces included three cavalry vexillationes with the rest being infantry. They were newly raised units rather than being third century creations. In addition to these fort garrisons, the dux commanded the troops at Hadrian's Wall: the Notitia lists their stations from east to west, as well as additional forts on the Cumbrian coast. These troops appear to have been third century regiments, although the reliability of the Notitia makes it difficult to infer any solid information from it.

From Chapter XL:

 * sub dispositione viri spectabilis Ducis Britanniarum (literally "made available to the most honorable military commander of the British provinces")

...in addition to the administrative staff (Officium) lists 14 prefects and their units with their deployment locations under the command of this Dux:

 * Praefectus Legionis sextae
 * Praefectus Numeri directorum, Verteris
 * Praefectus Numeri exploratorum, Lavatrae
 * Praefectus Equitum Dalmatarum, Praesidio
 * Praefectus Equitum Crispianorum, Dano
 * Praefectus Numeri defensorum, Barboniaco
 * Praefectus Equitum, catafractariorum, Morbio
 * Praefectus Numeri Solensium, Maglone
 * Praefectus Numeri barcariorum Tigrisiensium, Arbeia
 * Praefectus Numeri Pacensium, Magis
 * Praefectus Numeri Nerviorum Dictensium, Dicti
 * Praefectus Numeri Longovicanorum, Longovicium
 * Praefectus Numeri vigilum, Concangis
 * Praefectus Numeri supervenientium Petueriensium, Deruentione (Derventio?)

Then follow the garrisons along Hadrian's Wall (per item lineam Valli):

 * Cohortis quaternary Lingonum, Segedunum
 * Tribune Alae Petrianae, Petriana
 * Praefectus cohortis primae Cornoviorum, Pons Aelius
 * Tribune Alae primae Asturum, Cilurnum or Cilurvum
 * Praefectus Numeri Maurorum Aurelianorum, Aballaba
 * Praefectus cohortis primae Frixagorum, Vindobala
 * Tribune cohortis secundae Lingonum, Segedunum
 * Tribune Alae Sabinianae, Hunnum or Onnum
 * Praefectus cohortis primae Hispanorum, Uxelodunum or Petriana
 * Tribune Alae secundae Asturum, Aesica
 * Praefectus cohortis secundae Thracum, Gabrosenti
 * Tribune cohortis primae Batavorum, Procolita
 * Tribune cohortis primae Aeliae Classicae, Tunnocelo
 * Tribune cohortis primae Tungrorum Classicae, Vercovicium
 * Tribune cohortis primae Morinorum, Glannoventa
 * Tribune cohortis quaternary Gallorum, Vindolanda
 * Tribune cohortis tertiae Nerviorum, Alione (Alauna?)
 * Tribune cohortis primae Asturum, Aesica
 * Cuneus Sarmatarum, Bremetenraco (Bremenium?)(no officer stated)
 * Cohortis secundae Dalmatarum, Magnis
 * Tribune Alae primae Herculeae, Olenaco
 * Praefectus cohortis primae Aeliae Dacorum, Camboglanna or Banna
 * Tribune cohortis sextae Nerviorum, Virosido

and an unknown unit in the fort Luguvalium

The Dux Britanniarum held command over thirty-eight regimental commanders. Infantry units were concentrated along the Wall. A Sarmatian unit of heavy cavalry (Cuneus Sarmatarum), was stationed near the crossroads at Ribchester. As their name suggests the Praefectus Numeri exploratorum were used for reconnaissance. The Equites Crispianorum was located at Doncaster, and a naval unit at the mouth of the Tyne. Collins estimates troop counts from a low of 7,000 to as much as 15,000, with the average approximating 12,500.

Origin
The Legio sexta is an ancient tribal legion of Britain, the Legio VI Eburacum (York). They seem to have had in late antiquity no fixed posting. One might expect that this legion (full name: Legio VI Victrix Pia Fidelis Britannica) at this time still to be stationed in Eburacum: this absence may indicate that the unit had been moved to another site when the list of the Dux Britanniarum was compiled in the Notita Dignitatum. ("Possibly is the VI."?) but also in connection with the non-historically tangible primani iuniores in the army of the Comes Britanniarum.

The men under the Praefectus Numbers Solensium could (per Arnold Hughes Martin Jones, 1986) be the descendants of another British unit, the Legio XX Valeria Victrix. This is the only legion no longer listed in the Notitia Dignitatum. The last epigraphic evidence of their presence in Britain is a mention on coins of the usurper Carausius, a century before the Notita Dignitatum was compiled.

title: Dux Britanniarum


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Outside Closer

Outside Closer is the sixth studio album by Hood. It was released on Domino Recording Company on 17 January 2005.

Critical reception
At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 80, based on 27 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

No Ripchord placed it at number 14 on the "Top 50 Albums of 2005" list.

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.

 * Hood – music, production, mixing, photography, sleeve design
 * I. Haywood – additional drums (3)
 * Nicola Hodgkinson – vocals
 * Andrew Johnson – vocals
 * G. S. Brown – piano, keyboards
 * M. Wright – flute, clarinet
 * E. Marcasi – trumpet, horns
 * Omar Puente – viola
 * Choque Hosein – percussion, production, recording, mixing
 * C. Adams – recording
 * Richard Formby – additional recording
 * Julian Scott Wellington – additional recording
 * Dallas – mastering
 * Matt Cooper – sleeve design

title: Outside Closer


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René-Louis Baire

René-Louis Baire (21 January 1874 – 5 July 1932) was a French mathematician most famous for his Baire category theorem, which helped to generalize and prove future theorems. His theory was published originally in his dissertation Sur les fonctions de variables réelles ("On the Functions of Real Variables") in 1899.

Education and career
The son of a tailor, Baire was one of three children from a poor working-class family in Paris. He started his studies when he entered the Lycée Lakanal through the use of a scholarship. In 1890, Baire completed his advanced classes and entered the special mathematics section of the Lycée Henri IV. While there, he prepared for and passed the entrance examination for the École Normale Supérieure and the École Polytechnique. He decided to attend the École Normale Supérieure in 1891. After receiving his three-year degree, Baire proceeded toward his agrégation. He did better than all the other students on the writing portion of the test but he did not pass the oral examination due to a lack of explanation and clarity in his lesson. After retaking the agrégation and passing, he was assigned to teach at the secondary school (lycée) in Bar-le-Duc. While there, Baire researched the concept of limits and discontinuity for his doctorate. He presented his thesis on March 24, 1899 and was awarded his doctorate. He continued to teach in secondary schools around France but was not happy teaching lower level mathematics. In 1901 Baire was appointed to the University of Montpellier as a "Maître de conférences". In 1904 he was awarded a Peccot Foundation Fellowship to spend a semester in a university and develop his skills as a professor. Baire chose to attend the Collège de France where he lectured on the subject of analysis. He was appointed to a university post in 1905 when he joined the Faculty of Science at the University of Dijon. In 1907 he was promoted to Professor of Analysis at Dijon where he continued his research in analysis.

Illness
Since he was young, Baire always had "delicate" health. He had developed problems with his esophagus before he attended school and he would occasionally experience severe attacks of agoraphobia. From time to time, his health would prevent him from working or studying. The bad spells became more frequent, immobilizing him for long periods of time. Over time, he had developed a kind of psychological disorder that made him unable to undertake work that required long periods of concentration. At times this would make his ability to research mathematics impossible. Between 1909 and 1914 this problem continually plagued him and his teaching duties became more and more difficult. In 1914 he was given a leave of absence from the University of Dijon due to his poor health, after which he spent the rest of his life in Lausanne, Switzerland, and around Lake Geneva. He retired from Dijon in 1925 and spent his last years living in multiple hotels that he could afford with his meager pension. He committed suicide in 1932.

Contributions to mathematics
Baire's skill in mathematical analysis led him to study with other major names in analysis such as Vito Volterra and Henri Lebesgue. In his dissertation Sur les fonctions de variable réelles ("On the Functions of Real Variables"), Baire studied a combination of set theory and analysis topics to arrive at the Baire category theorem and the definition of a nowhere dense set. He then used these topics to prove the theorems of those he studied with and further the understanding of continuity. Among Baire's other most important works are Théorie des nombres irrationnels, des limites et de la continuité (Theory of Irrational Numbers, Limits, and Continuity) published in 1905 and both volumes of Leçons sur les théories générales de l’analyse (Lessons on the General Theory of Analysis) published in 1907–08.

title: René-Louis Baire


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Ruben Garcia (racing driver)

Ruben Garcia (born April 1, 1946) is an American NASCAR racer from South El Monte, California. He started out in the Winston West Series. He is best remembered for hitting the wall at the Riverside International Raceway on June 12, 1988, when he came off turn 9 and hit the wall near the grandstands. He wasn't injured, but did not race in the Winston West again.

He is from Mexican ancestry, since his mother was Mexican.

Despite the same name, he is not related to Rubén García Jr.

title: Ruben Garcia (racing driver)


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User:Jguk/admin criterion

Jguk has only one criterion on whether he supports or opposes a request for admin status (though he will oppose if a user meeting that criterion has a recent pattern of acting disruptively - my "sense test override").

The criterion is:

The candidate must have helped get at least one article up to featured article status.

The reasons for this criterion included:

 * User has demonstrated they know this is an encyclopaedia
 * User must have contributed to the Wikipedia namespace
 * User will have had to liaise constructively with other Wikipedians (either in preparing the article, or in dealing with oppose votes)
 * To write a featured article, the user would have had to be familiar with the featured article criteria and our standards - any user will take some time to pick this up
 * Sets a clear goal of how to get my support for adminship (subject to the sense test override)
 * Whilst featured articles aren't the be-all-and-end-all of Wikipedia, to create one means you have to show lots of qualities that are desirable in an admin.
 * We have loads of admins anyway, so we can afford to be picky.

Note:This is my personal test. Other users have other tests. I am not proposing that it becomes policy, and others are welcome to follow it or not follow it as they wish.

title: User:Jguk/admin criterion