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School social work

School social work is a specialized area of social work concerned with the psychosocial functioning of students to promote and maintain their health and well-being while assisting students to access their academic potential. The School Social Work Association of America defines school social workers as "trained mental health professionals who can assist with mental health concerns, behavioral concerns, positive behavioral support, academic, and classroom support, consultation with teachers, parents, and administrators as well as provide individual and group counseling/therapy."

Some of the roles of school social workers include psycho-social assessment and intervention, student and family counseling, adaptive behavior assessment, recreational therapies, health education, assessing social and developmental histories of students with disabilities, identifying students at-risk, integrating community resources into schools, advocacy, case management for identifying students in need of help and to promote systematic change within a school system, crisis intervention and conflict resolution.

United Kingdom
Margaret Frere, who ran a poor school in inner London, realised in 1898 that despite volunteers handing out dinners, clothing, and shoes, poor children remained under fed and badly clothed. She realised that unless the homes were visited and assisted then there was no permanent improvement.

In 1914 London County Council decided to create a school care service that would be modelled on her "Charitable Funds Committees". Frere had come to believe that a care service should "unite the home with the school education". The new school care service relied on volunteers but they were initially organised by two women employed by London City Council and Helen Nussey was one of them. Theodora Morton was their boss and head of the new service.

In 1939 there were 158 employed staff and 5,000 volunteers servicing every elementary school in London.

United States
School social work in America began during the school year 1907–08 and was established simultaneously in New York City, Boston, Chicago and New Haven, Connecticut. At its inception, school social workers were known, among other things, as advocates for new immigrants and welfare workers of equity and fairness for people of lower socioeconomic class as well as home visitors. This unheralded and extensive process led to the expansion of school social work services with the encouragement of the community.

By 1900 over two-thirds of the states had compulsory attendance laws and by 1918, each state had passed compulsory school attendance laws based on the philosophy of inclusion, making school attendance obligatory by rights, and as a privilege of equal opportunity for those with individual differences (including differences in rate of learning). These pupil personnel workers or attendance workers were replaced by visiting teachers by the 1920s, they were later called as school-based caseworkers. They made different emphases and methods in their work. E.g. Special schools, Psycho-social assessment and referrals and family based intervention.

A 1917 study of truancy in Chicago supported "findings that the need for school attendance officers who understood the social ills of the community" and school social workers were best equipped for that responsibility (Allen-Meares, 1996, p. 25). Mary Richmond, one of the founding figures of social work, devoted an entire chapter to the visiting teacher in her 1922 book on What is Social Casework? The testing movement influenced school social work growth as well. Through the testing movement, educators were gaining knowledge about individual differences, underscoring the need for some children to attend school, children whose social conditions related to their test scores. Lastly during this time, leaders in the field like Sophonisba Breckinridge, expressed concerns of how school and education would relate to future success and happiness, and expressed the need to connect school and home in order to relate to the needs of children.

Later in the 1920s, with the mental hygiene movement school social work was concerned with treating nervous disorders and behavioral problems in difficult children and prevention of social maladjustment, this was the beginning of therapeutic role for school social workers. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, like school counseling, school social work also declined. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 sought social work efforts to be initiated in the schools.

From the 1940–1960 case work and group work in schools had become an established specialty. In 1960, pupil-personnel laws called for a greater emphasis by school social workers on the development of school policies and reforms. School social workers were affected by the governmental reforms and education research. Like school counselors, social workers were now called upon to address student needs while also addressing the sources of student troubles within the school. The school social worker was considered as an expert by then, who could help schools on varying psychosocial issues.

During the 1970s, school social work gave more emphasis on family, community, collaborative approach with teachers and others school personnel. In 1975, the United States passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHC, P.L. 94-142). It gave special importance to the role of School social work services. The legislation was later renamed as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in 1990. In the latter part of the 1970s, inflation was rising at an alarming rate and budget cuts threatened the profession of school social work, especially as many social workers were being replaced by other school personnel claiming similar roles. The National Association of Social Work (NASW) published a newsletter to bring attention to the issue and get responses from practitioners. Through this, NASW conducted research and replicated the findings of others' studies on the roles of school social workers and models of practice, and school social work continued to expand.

In the 1980s, school social workers were included as "qualified personnel" in many pieces of legislation, especially in the Elementary and Secondary School Improvement Amendments of 1988. These led to NASW giving more attention to the profession and more service to meet the needs of the category. NASW's active participation in the profession eventually led to a school social worker credential with exams in 1992. Since then, there has been a trend of integrative collaborative services. In 1994, school social workers were included in American Education Act. In July 1994 64 school social workers from across the USA, and spearheaded by the Midwest School Social Work Council, met in Edwardsville, Illinois and formed the School Social Work Association of America. They drafted the first constitution and by-laws for the organization. In June 2009, a second national organization incorporated, the American Council for School Social Work, after reviewing the direction of the profession and concluding that a stronger, enhanced national voice would benefit the profession.

Germany
School social work in Germany began in the 1970s. The German term for school social work "Schulsozialarbeit". It dealt with helping students with social skills, interpersonal relations, and personal growth. Initially it was an institutionalized form of both school and youth welfare for providing underprivileged children support regarding healthy socialization and adjustment in school for rising above the demands of school settings. German school social workers find solution to problems in school environment and personal ones of students. The German Youth Institute provided the first social work training with school social work concentration. Apart from this the changing social and economic paradigms of the 21st century that affects lives of families as wells as of children rises the importance of school social work in German pedagogy.

India
School social work in India was officially recognized by Government of India in the 21st century. From the 1970s, school social workers were prominent in elite schools, adopting the American model of school counseling, based on the client or person centered approach of Carl Rogers and others. The main objective was whole welfare of the child. Central Board of Secondary Education refers to school social workers as Health Wellness Teachers, while the Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) strictly enforces requirement of a School Social Worker and School Counselor. The psycho-social service scheme instituted under ICPS in Kerala with the guidance of a child development center (CDC) have contracted social workers for 800 schools to provide the professional services. The services are limited to only teenage girls, and excludes boys from equal rights to access of the program.

School social work values
Florence Poole in 1949 described a school social worker as a skilled worker required to determine which needs within the school can be met through school social work service. A school social worker must develop a method of offering the service that will fit with the general organization and structure of the school, and which could be identified as using social work knowledge and skill. They must define the service and their contribution so that the school personnel can accept it as a service that contributes to the major purpose of the school.

The values that school social work upholds are:

 * Each pupil is valued as an individual regardless of any unique characteristic.
 * Each pupil should be allowed to be participate in the learning process.
 * Individual differences should be recognized; intervention should be aimed at guiding pupils' goals with educational support to train them to the life to which they look forward.
 * Each child, regardless of race and socioeconomic characteristics, has a right to equal treatment in the school.

The National Association of Social Workers in the U.S. provides a code of ethics for school social work professionals.

Theoretical framework and services
School social work is structured around a range of practice models.

Traditional-clinical model
John Alderson was the first to describe the existed traditional-clinical models. Generally the schools followed social change model whose major focus was the dysfunctional conditions of the school; the community school model which urged school social workers to employ community organization methods; and the social interaction model which de-emphasized a specific methodology and required the worker to intervene with the systems interacting with the target system. These were known as the Traditional models. Students who have disabilities are defined as exceptional children by federal and state legislation, including the Individuals with Disability Education Act (P.L. 94-142), the Rehabilitation Act (Section 504) in the United States of America.

In the clinical model, school social workers work primarily through casework methods supplemented by group methods with students and family members; A greater emphasis is placed on evidence-based practice and promising intervention methods that is supported empirically.

Home-school-community relations model
Later school social workers used an approach that draws on components of the existing multidisciplinary models - Social interaction model, focusing on working with students with social and emotional difficulties and their problems in families(parents) and schools with a flexible and dynamic reciprocal interaction. This model is grounded on systems theory and transactional systems perspective. This model was an answer to organize the methodological diversity inherent in the role, rather than limiting to individual change or systems change.

School-community-pupil relations model
Leading social worker Lela B. Costin, in 1973 developed this model which focuses on the school, community, and student and the interactions among the three. In this model, school social workers serve as mediators, negotiators, consultants, and advocates for students and school personnel, listening to student grievances. They also set up informal groups for students, teachers, and other school personnel. This model also focuses on evaluation by a school social worker of the characteristics of students, the school, and community conditions and their relational effect on the availability and quality of educational opportunities to specific target groups (students with chemical dependency, disabilities, and so on). They are grounded in social learning theory and systems theory.

Clinical and environmental interaction model
This model is grounded on the ecological systems theory. This was developed by Frey and Dupper (2005) and Germain (2006). The model promotes view of person and environment as a unitary interacting system in which each constantly affects and shapes the other. This model attends the complexities of the person as well as the environment by engaging progressive forces in people and situational assets, and impinging the removal of environmental obstacles for growth and adaptive functioning. This model leads to an effecting dynamic change.

The role of school social workers continues to expand as the knowledge-base and the level of student need grows or the recognition of opportunities to address student need. Two examples of this role expansion include functional behavior assessment, an efficient, empirically - supported, and amenable approach to undesirable school behavior that can be accomplished in a classroom collaboration model with teachers (Waller, 2008) and a leadership role in helping schools become foundational in promoting the mental health of children and adolescents in a manner similar to the role that schools already play in promoting physical health. Indeed, the roles played by School Social Workers has grown so substantially as a direct result of student needs, consultation, education, and collaboration with other school personnel (e.g. Waller, 2008) is a practice which is only destined to grow as a means of insufficient resources being used to their greatest advantage.

Functions
A survey published in 1989 by school social work experts categorized five job function dimensions.

 * Relationships with and services to children and families.
 * Relationships with and services to teachers and school staff.
 * Administrative and professional tasks.
 * Services to other school personnel.
 * Community services.

Further research on these roles revealed other important areas that are frequently addressed - Consultation and teamwork; needs assessment and program evaluation; Social work interventions with systems; developmental programs management. A role where school social work falls short is in the range of administering diagnostic psychological tests.

Education and training in the USA
American States regulate school social work practice in different ways. Approximately 33 jurisdictions license or certify school social workers. Most require a master's degree in social work (MSW), but a smaller number of states also license Bachelors of Social Work (holders of the BSW degree). The National Association of Social Workers with 150,000 members also offers a Certified School Social Work Specialist (C-SSWS) Certificate in school social work revised from the 1992 School Social Work Credential Exam. It does not replace any license or certification that individual states require of school social workers.

The Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) is the American accrediting body for social work education at the BSW and MSW levels. It specifies foundational social work program components, but social work specialties areas are defined by the individual accredited MSW programs. "Social work education is grounded in the liberal arts and contains a coherent, integrated professional foundation in social work practice from which an advanced practice curriculum is built at the graduate level.

Associations & professional journals
School social workers work to promote student learning and well-being, address academic and non-academic barriers to learning, develop comprehensive and cohesive academic and social supports, and understand and apply diverse frameworks for evidence-based practice and program development for the educational process to work the fullest extent.

Major associations in North America include the School Social Work Association of America, the American Council for School Social Work, and the Canadian Association of School Social Workers and Attendance Counsellors.

School social work journals have been published across the globe including the School Social Work Journal sponsored by the Illinois Association of School Social Workers, the Journal of School Social Work (JSSW) from Chennai, India and the Canadian Journal of School Psychology from SAGE Publications, Canada.

title: School social work


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Farim

Farim is a town of northern Guinea-Bissau. It sits on the north bank of the Farim/Cacheu River, about 215 km (135 miles) up the river from Cacheu. Population 8,661 (2009 census).

History
Farim was founded about 1641 by the Captain-Major of Cacheu, who recruited lançados from Geba to move to where they would be less vulnerable to attack by African tribes. The name derived from farim, the title of the local Mandinka people's ruler. For their part, the Mandinkas and Soninke called the settlement Tubabodaga ("village of the whites"). It was well-situated as a port, since the river was continuously navigable by sailing vessels from Cacheu.

It became a presídio (garrisoned place) though an order dated 10 November 1696, in reaction to an anticipated attack from nearby Canico. The area remained generally peaceful, and the defenses gradually deteriorated. However, control of the surrounding region remained in the hands of the Buramo kings, and Portuguese control was limited to the fortress. In the late 17th century, the Buramo King of Farim held significant control over the Cacheu River, with the exception of several islands at the mouth of the river, ruled by independent principalities.

It was a base for operations against Oio in 1897 and 1902. Farim started to grow in earnest in the 1910s, with over twenty trading firms based there, and became a vila (town) in 1918.

Farim had become a centro comercial by 1925, and experienced an influx of Lebanese and Syrian merchants, dealing in peanuts and timber. Its economy was hit hard by the independence struggle in the 1960s and 1970s.

Sports
There are several sports clubs (notably football and athletics) in Farim and area, including SC Farim.

Named after
A crater on Mars is named after the town.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Farim


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andrew Kennedy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CSTAR 01:12, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Andrew Kennedy
This has had an tag on it for a month or so. I agree - this guy isn't notable. CDC  (talk)  04:34, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. The article has had the tag for too long. Zzyzx11 04:53, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 04:54, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no relevant hits for Kennedy as general manager of Smackdown!. Current general manager appears to be Stephanie McMahon. - Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)  02:30, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. not notable. —Brim 17:20, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity hoax. —Korath (Talk) 07:09, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)


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Ceará State University

The Ceará State University (Universidade Estadual do Ceará, UECE) is a public university in the Brazilian state of Ceará. It is the second largest university in Ceará, the eighth best state university in Brazil and considered the best state university in the North, Northeast and Center-West of the country.

Established in 1975 by the Act No. 9.753 which authorizes the State Executive Branch to create Ceará State Educational Foundation (FUNEDUCE), UECE is the largest state university of Ceará. It is involved in teaching, research and science outreach in many areas of knowledge. Its structure consists of a network of campuses that privileges the courses aimed at the training of teachers. The undergraduate programs in Business Administration, Accounting and Psychology are among the best in the country according to Students Performance National Exam (Enade).

On January 27, 2021, the then governor of Ceará, Camilo Santana, authorized the start of construction of the Ceará University Hospital (HUC), which will be the largest hospital in the state. The unit will be built within the Itaperi campus and will be deeply integrated with the university, whether in physical, urban or academic aspects. Nevertheless, the university also has the largest veterinary hospital in the North Northeast located on the Itaperi campus and linked to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Favet).

According to the 2019 Folha de S.Paulo University Ranking (RUF), it is considered the 9th best state university in Brazil, and the best state university in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions. By this same ranking, it is the 55th best Brazilian university. In 2013, it was the state's top-rated higher education institution in the National Student Performance Exam (Enade). In addition, the courses of Administration, Psychology and Business Administration were among the best in the country. In 2021 the Times Higher Education (THE) published The Impact Rankings 2021 and the Latin America University Rankings 2021, which place Uece 92nd in the world and 4th in Brazil in "Quality Education" and one of the best universities in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is also the only Brazilian university cited in the Bright Green Book, the 21st Century Green Book, a partnership between the Euro-Brazilian Council for Sustainable Development (EUBRA) and UN-Habitat, the urban settlements program of the United Nations.

It has ten campuses, two of them in Fortaleza (the main campus is called Campus do Itaperi). The other campuses are in the cities of Quixadá, Itapipoca, Quixeramobim, Canindé, Aracati, Crateús, Limoeiro do Norte, Mombaça, Iguatu, Tauá, Guaiúba, and Pacoti.

Centers, Schools and Institutes
Center for Humanities (CH)

Center for Education (CED)

Center for Applied Social Studies (CESA)

Center for Health Sciences (CCS)

Center for Science and Technology (CCT)

School of Veterinary Medicine (FAVET)

Don Aureliano Matos School of Philosophy (FAFIDAM)

Education School of Itapipoca (FACEDI)

Education School of Crateús (FAEC)

Education, Science, and Letters School of Central Sertão (FECLESC)

Education, Science, and Letters School of Iguatu (FECLI)

Mombaça Advanced Campus (FECLI/MOMBAÇA)

Education, Science, and Letters School of Inhamuns (CECITEC)

Health Sciences School of the Central Sertão (FACISC)

Education and Integrated Sciences School of Canindé (FECISC)

Education and Integrated Sciences School of the Eastern Coast (FECILL)

Institute of Biomedical Sciences

Postgraduate Courses
Doctorates/PhD:

 * Administration (PPGA)
 * Biotechnology (RENORBIO)
 * Biotechnology in Human and Animal Health (PPGBiotec)
 * Computer Science (PPGCC)
 * Physiological Sciences (PPGCF)
 * Natural Sciences (PPGCN)
 * Veterinary Sciences (PPGCV)
 * Education (PPGE)
 * Geography (PROPGEO)
 * Clinical Care in Nursing and Health (PPCCLIS)
 * Applied Linguistics (POSLA)
 * Public Policies (PPGPP)
 * Collective Health (PPSAC)
 * Family Health (RENASF)
 * Sociology (PPGS)

Academic Masters:

 * Administration (PPGA)
 * Computer Science (PPGCC)
 * Applied Physical Sciences (MACFA)
 * Physiological Sciences (PPGCF)
 * Natural Sciences (PPGCN)
 * Veterinary Sciences (PPGCV)
 * Clinical Care in Nursing and Health (PPCCLIS)
 * Education (PPGE)
 * Education and Teaching (MAIE)
 * Philosophy (CMAF)
 * Geography (PROPGEO)
 * History (MAHIS)
 * History and Letters (MIHL)
 * Applied Linguistics (POSLA)
 * Nutrition and Health (CMANS)
 * Public Health (CMASP)
 * Social Work, Work and Social Matters (MASS)
 * Sociology (PPGS)

Deans
Dean of Undergraduate (PROGRAD)

Dean of Graduate Studies and Research (PROPGPQ)

Dean of Science Outreach (PROEX)

Dean of Student Policies (PRAE)

Dean of Management (PROAD)

Dean of Planning (PROPLAN)

Councils
Board of Directors (CD)

University Council (CONSU)

Council of Teaching, Research and Science Outreach (CEPE)

Libraries
Prof. Antônio Martins Filho Library

Center of Humanities Library

Prof. Paulo de Melo Petrola Library

Canon Misael Alves de Sousa Library

Education School of Crateús Library

Raquel de Queiroz Library

Humberto Teixeira Library

Education, Science and Letters School of Inhamuns Library

Other facilities
University Restaurant (RU)

UECE Publisher (EdUECE)

Executive Committee of Admission (CEV)

title: Ceará State University


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Stout Creek

Stout Creek is a stream located in central Cannon Township of Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan.

This water source is named for the frontier family of Andrew Stout, 1850s founder of the Kent County lumber town of Plainfield at the Rogue and Grand Rivers intersection. Stout Creek sources deep in an oak, maple and white pine woodland and winds its way Southwesterly through ancient dunes and spring beds. The waterway is joined by Schutte's Creek before eventually emptying into Trout Creek, (sometimes known as "Kaiser's Creek"), which in turn joins Bear Creek on its southwesterly flow to the Grand River.

This medium-sized brook is said to have once served as a water source for a small Native American settlement reported to have nestled upon a nearby sandy slope. In the late 19th century and early 20th century Stout Creek bordered potato fields which were later turned back to marshland. In addition it served to water the cattle and horses of a nearby hamlet inhabited by Seventh-day Adventists.

The black-mud springbeds and loamish hillsides of the Stout Creek Valley are host to a number of woodland plants enjoyed by nature lovers. Among this flora are found the following; marsh marigold, skunk cabbage, scour grass, partridge berry, wintergreen, elderberry, wild ginseng, wild ginger, bloodroot, blue violet, white violet, yellow violet, hypatica, Turk's cap, columbine, christmas fern, fiddle head fern, snowberry, sassafras, thorn apple and a host of others.

The Stout Creek valley holds the charm of several legends known to locals. There is the story of the nearby Pow Wow Hill, where natives once gathered around a hilltop fire pit. The marshland is said to hide a quicksand pit to which an early 20th-century farmer once lost a horse. Nearby dunes once concealed a liquor still in the age of prohibition and, in the early 1970s, locals enjoyed combing a sandpit said to hold a treasure of arrowheads. Stout Creek Valley can be accessed by Seven Mile Road NE, and has become part of a wooded bedroom community serving Northeast Grand Rapids.

title: Stout Creek


text:
Talk:Marquez, Texas

Untitled
How about creating a disambiguation page for Marquez, Texas and Gabriel Garcia Marquez? --Poseidon 04:39, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marquez, Texas


text:
Shark fin

Shark fin or Shark Fin may refer to:

 * The fins of a shark
 * Shark fin soup, a soup made with shark fins
 * Shark fin medicinals as quackery
 * Shark Fin, a peak in Antarctica
 * Shark Fin Glacier, a glacier near the Antarctic peak

title: Shark fin


text:
Wolfsheim, Germany

Wolfsheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Geography
The municipality lies in Rhenish Hesse.

History
The placename likely goes back to a Frankish settler named Wulfilo. In the geographer Gerardus Mercator’s 1595 world atlas, the place was catalogued under the name WOLFZIM

In 1844, within Wolfsheim’s limits, an important gold find was made at a princely grave from the time of the Migration Period (Völkerwanderung). The find comes from the early 5th century and today can be found in the Wiesbaden Museum in the collection of Nassau antiquities.

A Late Roman “knob glass” – crafted with glass knobs on it – shaped like a kantharos, was found while some drainage pits were being dug in the Im Weiler rural area. That can be found in the Landesmuseum Mainz.

On 15 May 1950, the Rheinsender (“Rhine Transmitter”) near Wolfsheim was brought into service by Südwestfunk SWF (now Südwestrundfunk SWR).

In 1974, Wolfsheim was split away from the Alzey-Worms district and incorporated into the Mainz-Bingen district.

Rheinsender Wolfsheim
The municipality's landmark is the Rheinsender, a large medium-wave transmission facility that can be seen from a great distance, broadcasting on the frequency 1 017 kHz.

Until the mid-1990s, the transmitter's output power was 600 kW. Over the last few years that has been reduced to 100 kW.

The sending antenna originally consisted of two identical 150-metre tall mast radiators insulated against ground, which were electrically split into two parts by a dividing insulator. They ensured that the signal faded out towards the southeast as called for by international agreements with a 600-kilowatt operation. After the radiant power was reduced to 100 kilowatts, this fading was obsolete and the second mast superfluous. On 26 February 2003, it was blown up.

title: Wolfsheim, Germany


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Wolfsheim (band)

Wolfsheim was a German synthpop duo from Hamburg that consisted of Markus Reinhardt and Peter Heppner. Although never officially disbanded, Wolfsheim has been inactive since 2005 due to a dispute between the two members, which even led to trials in 2007 and 2008 that forbade either member to continue Wolfsheim without the other. The band's musical style takes cues from the 1980s New Romanticism and new wave, usually considered synthpop or darkwave. They are best known for their singles "The Sparrows and the Nightingales" (1991), "Once in a Lifetime" (1998) and "Kein Zurück" (2003). Their lyrics tend to be melancholic, but at the same time modernist.

History
The band was founded in 1987 by Markus Reinhardt and Pompejo Ricciardi and was named after Meyer Wolfsheim, a fictional character from F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby. Markus' brother Oliver joined the band some time afterward. After co-founder Ricciardi left the band and was replaced by Peter Heppner who had known the band members from mutual friends and from growing up in the same neighborhood in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg, they produced their first demo tape Ken Manage in 1988. Their first performance was at Werkstatt 3, a small club in Hamburg. Oliver Reinhardt left the band, leading to the band's definitive lineup of Markus Reinhardt (music) and Peter Heppner (lyrics and vocals).

After making a second demo tape Any But Pretty (1989), Wolfsheim applied at various labels to no avail, until they caught the attention of the one-man independent record label Strange Ways Records. Wolfsheim's "The Sparrows and the Nightingales" (1991), was the first single to be released on Strange Ways. The song became a fast hit, even though it was not heavily promoted. Their debut album No Happy View (1992) was also released on Strange Ways and did well in the charts. The follow-up Popkiller (1993) reached the German Media Control Charts, albeit at a low position. In February 1995, Wolfsheim released the compilation album 55578, comprising many tracks previously featured on singles, as well as some unreleased material. The first 55,578 copies were special editions that contained a bonus disk with material recorded at the Strange Ways Festival. The album remained in the German charts for five weeks. The 1996 album Dreaming Apes reached number 91. Following its release, Wolfsheim embarked on their first tour in May 1996. A live recording was released in October 1997 named Hamburg Rom Wolfsheim.

Throughout the band's existence, both members were involved with various side projects. Reinhardt started the bands Nefkom and Neustart, both of which released their albums on Strange Ways. Heppner collaborated with Joachim Witt in 1998 on the song "Die Flut", which reached No. 2 in the German Single Charts and garnered them a platinum record. His increased popularity also boosted Wolfsheim's success; their album Spectators, released in February 1999, was the first to reach the top-10 in Germany, at number two. Since 2001, the album was distributed in the United States by Metropolis Records. Spectators reached gold status in Germany in 2004. The singles released off this album, "Once in a Lifetime", "It's Hurting for the First Time" and "Künstliche Welten" were all successful. That summer, Wolfsheim played at many of the major German festivals, including the Bizarre Festival, Rock am Ring, and Rock im Park. They also played their first show outside of Germany, at Belgium's Eurorock Festival.

Since 1999 Reinhardt focused on Care Company, a band whose 2001 album In the Flow was released on Motor/Universal. Heppner featured on tracks by several other artists. He collaborated among others with the dance project Schiller on the songs, "Dream of You" and "Leben... I Feel You", which were a big success all over Europe. He also collaborated on "Glasgarten" with Goethes Erben and "Wir sind Wir" with trance/techno-DJ Paul van Dyk.

In anticipation of a forthcoming album, Wolfsheim released the live DVD Kompendium on 16 April 2002, containing a recording from the Spectators tour, an interview, and various music videos. In March 2003, the release of Casting Shadows instantly sent it to the top spot in the German album charts and reached platinum status. The single "Kein Zurück", released on 2 February was the band's first single to enter into the Media Control Charts top-10, debuting at number five and moving up to the fourth spot. It remained in the charts for 10 weeks and reached gold status. Greatest highlight in the band's career was receiving an ECHO in 2004 for Best Alternative Domestic Band. A sold-out tour through Germany was followed by Wolfsheim's only tour through the US in March and April 2004.

Discography
Albums
 * 1992: No Happy View
 * 1993: Popkiller
 * 1995: 55578
 * 1996: Dreaming Apes
 * 1999: Spectators
 * 2003: Casting Shadows

Live albums
 * 1997: Hamburg Rom Wolfsheim

Demos
 * 1988: Ken Manage
 * 1989: Any But Pretty

Singles
 * 1991: "The Sparrows and The Nightingales"
 * 1992: "It's Not Too Late (Don't Sorrow)"
 * 1992: "Thunderheart"
 * 1993: "Now I Fall"
 * 1994: "Elias"
 * 1995: "Closer Still"
 * 1996: "A New Starsystem Has Been Explored"
 * 1998: "Once in a Lifetime"
 * 1998: "It's Hurting for the First Time"
 * 1999: "Künstliche Welten"
 * 1999: "Sleep Somehow" (vinyl only)
 * 2003: "Kein Zurück"
 * 2003: "Find You're Gone"
 * 2004: "Blind 2004"

DVDs
 * 2002: Kompendium

Awards

 * ECHO 2004: Best German Alternative Band

title: Wolfsheim (band)


text:
Talk:C band

Complaints
A quote from a contributor to slashdot, "not only inflammatory but factually incorrect: 'This contrasts with direct broadcast satellite, which is a completely closed system used to deliver subscription programming to small satellite dishes connected to proprietary receiving equipment ' Note this anecdotal comment that the author had evidently pulled out of thin air:  'Service is generally spotty and expensive, but it generally superior to dial-up service and is often the only option.' " — Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.250.132.149 (talk) 04:40, 27 February 2005 (UTC)

Band definition
From my understanding, C-band is from 4-8 GHZ - which is different from what the article states. My info comes from "Radar Principles" by Peyton Z. Peebles, Jr. Page 20. Published by John Wiley and sons, Inc. 1998

 * A previous revision of this article agreed with that, but the article evidently has a copyright violation issue. —Fleminra 21:32, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Palapa C band receive frequency is not 6.425-6.725 GHz. It is 3.400 - 3.700 GHz. The table is copied from a link that on the page shows the correct information but not on the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.123.22.22 (talk) 14:30, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

good day everyone
Hy gays, I'm second mate on the ro-ro fleet, and i have russian crew on board but i can't find for them russian radio frequince, maybe somebody knows about that? thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 148.122.23.91 (talk) 02:44, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Cordless Phones
In the preamble, the article states that C-Band is used by cordless phones, but the link points to mobile (cellular) phones. Anyone know which of these is correct? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.23.126.147 (talk) 01:51, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Electromagnetic spectrum
The page states 'electromagnetic spectrum' and 'microwaves' as if they were two different things. Microwaves ARE part of the electromagnetic spectrum, so this statement is nonsense and should be removed. This is middle school physics stuff. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.115.127.130 (talk) 23:24, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

Proposed merger
I do not support the proposed merger of C band and 5 centimeter band. The two topics do not have the same scope. C band is about a larger swath of spectrum, in a similar manor as SHF. 5 centimeter band is about a specific amateur radio band, and I see potential for it to expand into a longer standalone article of similar length to other amateur radio band articles. –Sparkgap (talk) 04:12, 5 August 2011 (UTC)

Lets keep them separate. The meanings are not the same, and there would be enough material to support the narrower topic. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 05:51, 5 August 2011 (UTC)

I'm removing the merger tags. –Sparkgap (talk) 02:57, 12 January 2012 (UTC)

Wavelength, anyone ?
Isn't it between 3.75 and 7.5 cm ? --Jerome Potts (talk) 17:24, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

Split
IEEE C band and NATO C band have nothing in common except the title; wavelengths are 10x different. fgnievinski (talk) 02:05, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:C band


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/AndhraOne

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CSTAR 01:18, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

AndhraOne
This is a substub identifying an online forum of only regional interest. Such a forum would need to be interesting in some other way in order to be encyclopedic. It also basically doesn't register on Google, for what that's worth. CDC  (talk)  04:41, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, unless someone provides more notable content. Zzyzx11 04:54, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, promo. Megan1967 04:55, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Foobaz · ✐  08:23, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It gets 12 hits on Google, of which 4 are from this VfD discussion. Not notable. -- Brhaspati (talk, contribs) 05:15, 2005 Mar 2 (UTC)
 * Delete. If it is indeed what this article says it is, then a link in Andhra Pradesh will suffice. It doesn't need its own article. Gamaliel 05:18, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, forumvertisement. Zero google hits besides us, them, and "this domain name is unregistered". —Korath (Talk) 07:11, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Kenzie MacNeil

Kenzie MacNeil (2 September 1952 – 24 July 2021) was a Canadian songwriter, performer, producer and director in television, film, radio and stage, and a former Conservative Party of Canada candidate. MacNeil completed a Bachelor of Arts degree from St. Francis Xavier University. He also studied at the University of Botswana in Lesotho and Swaziland while accompanying his parents on field work with CIDA in Africa for three years.

Biography
MacNeil was a major force behind The Rise and Follies of Cape Breton Island, a satirical sketch review that ran from 1978 to 1982. The revue included songs inspired by the coal and steel industry of Cape Breton and featured local musicians. He also served as Artistic Director/Producer of the Cape Breton Music and Theatre Company, and worked as Director of the UCCB Press.

Over the years he contributed to Peter Gzowski's This Country in the Morning and Morningside on CBC Radio, and on some of the most popular television shows of the time: Singalong Jubilee, Ceilidh, Tommy Hunter, Ryan’s Fancy, Ian Tyson, and many others. Kenzie MacNeil also had an active theatrical career performing in productions like Tom Gallant's Step/Dance and with Gordon Pinsent in John and the Missus, and was nominated for an ACTRA award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in Last Night in Town. He was involved in the production of the National Film Board's Empty Harbours, Empty Dreams, 12,000 Men, and Scoggie. As well, MacNeil worked as Chair of the Nova Scotia Film Development Corporation and helped with the creation of soundstages across the mainland and on the Island, and in particular, assisted with bringing the productions Pit Pony and New Waterford Girl to Cape Breton.

MacNeil is best known for his song “The Island,” an unofficial anthem of Cape Breton Island. The song is a tribute to coal industry workers in Nova Scotia. According to Men of the Deeps musical director, John O'Donnell, "the words offer a vivid demonstration that labour in Cape Breton has indeed had a deep cultural impact on the community." He also worked as a development officer with the Nova Scotia Department of Economic Development, and has been the editor and publisher of the Cape Bretoner magazine.

Politics
MacNeil ran as a Conservative Party of Canada in Cape Breton—Canso in the 2004 and 2006 federal elections, coming third and second respectively behind Liberal incumbent Rodger Cuzner. In the 2019 federal election, MacNeil ran as an independent candidate in Sydney—Victoria, but finished in sixth place.

Personal
MacNeil died on 24 July 2021. He was posthumously awarded the Order of Nova Scotia in 2022.

title: Kenzie MacNeil


text:
Talk:Wonderwall (band)

German article
The German article on this band is very extensive; it would be interesting if somebody with more knwoledge in German than me got around translating/partially migrating it. For the sake of convenience, here is the revision from ''19:49, 13. Feb 2005'':

 * Wonderwall ist eine deutsche Musikgruppe, bestehend aus Kati (Kathrin) (* 25. Dezember 1981, in Köln) und eLa (Daniela) (* 17. März 1982, in Köln). Bis November 2003 war Jule (Julia) (* 11. September 1983 in Leverkusen) ebenfalls Teil von Wonderwall. Doch nach musikalischen Differenzen haben sich die drei nach sechs Jahren getrennt. Jule startete eine Solokarriere und lebt mit ihrem Freund in London. Die Freundschaft der drei hat darunter jedoch nicht gelitten.

 * Wonderwall betonen, dass sie keine gecastete Mädchenband sind. Sie zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie alle ihre englischen Songs selbst komponieren und schreiben und darüber hinaus durch ihre sprudelnde Natürlichkeit und ihren lockeren Umgang mit den Fans und Medien. Ihre Musik ist softer Akustik-Gitarren-Pop mit Piano und Percussions.

 * Jule und Kati hatten sich im Ballett kennen gelernt. Kati und eLa kannten sich aus der Schule und fingen an mit Akustik-Gitarren zusammen hobbymäßig Musik zu machen. In diesem Alter von 11, 12 Jahren nannten sie sich "McDowell-Brothers", schrieben englische Texte und dachten sich dazu Gitarrengriffe aus.

 * Durch ein gemeinsames Theaterstück lernten sich dann alle drei zusammen kennen und traten von da an immer zu dritt auf. Sie spielten ihre Lieder auf Gartenfesten und lokalen Events im Raum Köln. Zufällig gerieten sie an einen Produzenten, der ihren Vorstellungen entsprach. Die erste Single "Witchcraft" wurde im Mai 2001 veröffentlicht und landete auf Platz 77 in den Single-Charts.
 * Nach einer weiteren Single ("Who am I?", November 2001), die nicht in die Charts gelangte, kam der Durchbruch mit der Single "Just More" im Mai 2002. Sie hielt sich 3 Wochen lang auf Platz 2 der deutschen Single-Charts.

 * Das erste Album "Witchcraft", das kurz danach veröffentlicht wurde, kam auf Platz 4 der deutschen Album-Charts. Im September 2002 erreichte die vierte Single "In April" Platz 33 in den Charts. Danach gingen die drei als Vorband von Ronan Keating mit ihm auf Europa-Tournee.

 * Bei der ECHO-Verleihung 2003 waren Wonderwall vier Mal nominiert und wurden als beste Newcomer national ausgezeichnet.

 * Das zweite Album ("What does it mean?"), das eLa und Kati im November 2003 veröffentlichten, gelangte nur noch auf Platz 48 der Album-Charts. Ebenso war auch die kurz zuvor veröffentlichte Single (noch gemeinsam mit Jule) "(One more) Song for you" nicht so erfolgreich, wie die vorherige.

 * Im Januar/Februar 2004 gingen Kati und eLa erstmals mit ihrer Band (The Mighty Sleepwalkers) auf Deutschland-Tournee. "Silent Tears" wurde im März 2004 als Single veröffentlicht. Mit diesem Lied traten Wonderwall auch bei der diesjährigen Deutschen Vorentscheidung zum Eurovision Song Contest an und belegten Rang vier.

 * Am 8. April 2004 wurde offiziell bekanntgegeben, dass Wonderwall fortan bei der Firma Seven Days Music von Produzent Jack White unter Vertrag stehen werden und damit verließen sie ihr bisheriges Label, die Warner-Tochter WEA.

 * Kati und eLa sprachen bisher für zwei Hörbücher die Rollen und unterstützten sie mit einem Song. Beide aus der Reihe "Freche Mädchen-Freche Hörbücher", erschienen im "Der Audio Verlag".
 * Zum einen das Hörbuch "Alles Machos - außer Tim", von Thomas Brinx und Anja Kömmerling. eLa spricht die Rolle der "Rubi", Kati spricht "Alina", als Lied wurde "Everything-you-do-is-wrong-day" ausgewählt. Es erschien Ende September 2004.
 * Im zweiten Hörbuch von Sabine Both, "Umzug nach Wolke Sieben", spricht Kati die Rolle der "Jule" und eLa spricht die der "Mechthild", unterstützt durch das Lied "This is". Es erschien Ende Oktober 2004.

 * Zusammen mit Hans Zimmer arbeiteten Wonderwall an der Musik zu dem Zeichentrickfilm Lauras Stern, eine deutsche Produktion, die am 23. September 2004 in die Kinos kam. Dafür komponierten sie unter anderem den Titelsong "Touch The Sky", der unter demselben Titel als Singleauskopplung am 20. September 2004 erschien. Im Herbst 2004 veröffentlichten Wonderwall ihr drittes Album "Come Along".

title: Talk:Wonderwall (band)


text:
User talk:Pedant/2005-02-27

Been off-wiki a lot, busy on projects, but I check in often.Pedant 04:45, 2005 Feb 27 (UTC)

Archived Talk
Archive 1 Archive 2 Archive 3

adminship
I'd like to know a bit more about you if I'm to support you at this stage. Perhaps a bit about you're background, age, who you are. Enough to show you'd use sysop powers sensibly. At the moment, all I can see is your edits - which aren't (to date) enough to convince me. Kind regards, jguk 23:43, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * --You need to research me some more? Please feel free to do so, the answers to all your questions can be found in my edits on wikipedia namespace discussions.  Since my age and background don't seem germaine to the issue, though, I'll decline to repeat myself.  You voted to oppose me because you don't know enough about me?  If I don't know enough about a candidate, I don't vote on them, or I find out more... I don't vote against someone if I have no reason to oppose them.  Did you have some reason for opposing me?  I think yours should have been a neutral vote if you don't.  I'd prefer to gain adminship on the merits of the content and discussion I have added to wikipedia, not on the basis of my biography. Pedant 19:06, 2005 Jan 31 (UTC)

COORDINATOR'S OFFICIAL AMA MEETING NOTICE
The first AMA Membership meeting will be held on Sunday January 23, 2005 at 19:00 UTC on freenode IRC channel #AMA. That is 2 PM Eastern NA (Miami/Montreal) Time, 11 AM Pacific NA (Los Angeles/Vancover)Time, and 8 PM Central European (Amsterdam/Stokholm/Warsaw/Venice) Time. All members are invited to attend. — ©   Alex756   01:31, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)

NASA
Man this is starting to turn into an awesome resource, keep up the good work :)  ALKIVAR ™ 06:15, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I'll be scanning and uploading as quickly as I can, now that I have an idea of the framework to put it in... (Alkivar is talking about NASA FACTS on Wikisource and on the Commons which are collections of old NASA documents provided by Alkivar and uploaded by me, in text format and as images of the originals.) Pedant

Logs of first AMA Membership meeting
You may view the log of the first meeting on the following two pages: AMA IRC Meeting log (1-23-05) (first hour) and AMA IRC Meeting log (1-23-05) Pt II (remainder of meeting). If you are interested in commenting on the agenda of the meeting please do so here:AMA Meeting (suggested topics).

OFFICIAL SECOND MEETING NOTICE AND REQUEST FOR INFORMATION

 * "The second AMA Membership meeting will be held on Sunday January 30 2005 at 19:00 UTC on freenode IRC channel #AMA. That is 2 PM Eastern NA Time, 11 AM Pacific NA Time, and 8 PM Central European (Amsterdam/Stokholm/Warsaw/Venice) Time. All members are invited to attend."

The coordinator is requesting that members submit the following information for the upcoming coordinator’s report:

 * How many individuals did you help as an advocate
 * What is the maximum amount of time you put into a case
 * Do you feel your work as an advocate was successful?
 * How can the advocacy program of the AMA be improved?

Thank you. Please submit your responses here: AMA Coordinator/January 2005 Survey

 * — ©   Alex756   23:29, 23 Jan 2005 (UTC) (The Coordinator)

To Table or Tabled
Thanks for reminding me about the dual meaning of table the verb. Being in the U.S. I have fallen prey to its American meaning, but in Canada it follows British usage, so it is confusing to me as well(being a Canadian, that is). In the future I'll try and clarify which meaning I am using to make it clear to our various English speaking members. — ©   Alex756   01:45, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

OFFICIAL AMA THIRD MEETING NOTICE
The second AMA IRC Membership meeting was held on Sunday January 30, 2005 at 19:00 UTC on freenode.net IRC channel #AMA. Attending were Wally, Metasquares, Anthere, Sam Spade, and alex756 (coordinator). The log of the second meeting can be found here: AMA IRC Meeting log (1-30-05).

"The third AMA Membership meeting will be held on Saturday February 12, 2005 at 17:00 UTC on freenode IRC channel #AMA. That is 12:00 Noon Eastern NA Time, 9 AM Pacific NA Time, and 6 PM Central European (Amsterdam/Stokholm/Warsaw/Venice) Time. All members are invited to attend.

Suggested Topics and Specific Proposals

 * MEMBERS PLEASE REVIEW

 * Suggestions for topics/proposals and agenda to be discussed at the next meeting are to be found at: AMA Meeting (suggested topics). All members are requested to make proposals there and respond to proposals on the talk page there before the beginning of the next meeting so discussion can be held forthwith concerning such proposals. Thank you, your Coordinator.

The coordinator is requesting that members who have not done so already submit the following information for the upcoming coordinator’s report:

 * How many individuals did you help as an advocate
 * What is the maximum amount of time you put into a case
 * Do you feel your work as an advocate was successful?
 * How can the advocacy program of the AMA be improved?

Thank you. Please submit your responses here if you have not done so already. — ©   Alex756   23:33, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pedant/2005-02-27


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/2006-07 NHL season

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CSTAR 01:24, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

2006-07 NHL season
Delete, speculation about a future season before even the season before it started, this information more pertains to the 2005-06 NHL season then the next one. And said information could be said about every other forthcoming season as well, considering the current state of the league, but i don't see a rush to write articles for the 2007-08 NHL season or the 2008-09 NHL season. Also considering that the future of the league as a whole has yet to be determined, as their could possibly be no NHL in for the 2006-07. --User:Boothy443 | comhrÚ 04:52, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, Wikipedia is not a fortune teller. Megan1967 05:18, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Premature, and any information relating to the next season being jeopardized by the strike can be discussed in the 2004-2005 season article, though by the look of the red link above, there doesn't appear to be one. 23skidoo 06:17, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Fixed link. There's nothing on that page either, but it has more scope for expansion. sjorford →•← 10:56, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's possible to write an encyclopedic article about a future event, but only if there's anything that can be said about it. That doesn't seem to be the case here; what can you say about a sports season that won't happen for a year and a half without pure speculation? /sɪzlæk  ˺/  07:10, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I predict this article will be deleted. Jayjg (talk) 21:05, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Duplicates info in the 2005-06 article. If there was anything unique to be said, I'd be all for keeping it. – flamurai (t) 16:42, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Bat Lash

Bartholomew "Bat" Aloysius Lash is a fictional Western superhero character in the DC Universe. A self-professed pacifist, ladies' man, and gambler, Bat Lash's adventures have been published by DC Comics since 1968.

Character origin
In 1968, Carmine Infantino, newly installed editorial director of DC Comics, and his editor, Joe Orlando, came up with the name and basic premise of the loner whose family had been wiped out by murderous thugs, and then brought in Sheldon Mayer (former DC editor and creator of Sugar and Spike) and Sergio Aragonés (an artist best known for his comedic illustrations for Mad magazine) to further flesh out the concept.

Mayer wrote the first appearance (Showcase #76, August 1968). Infantino claimed to have greatly rewritten it. The assignment was then handed to Aragonés, with Denny O'Neil doing the dialog over Aragonés' plots, and Nick Cardy providing the art. Issues were produced in a variation of the full script method. First, Aragonés would create a plot in thumbnail sketch form, then O'Neil would write the dialog, and last came Cardy's finished art.

Publication history
Bat Lash first appeared in 1968, in a house ad running in Superman DC Comics. It featured a gangly figure, in silhouette, stalking toward the reader, with the tagline: "Bat Lash. Will he save the West, or ruin it?".

The character's first published story appeared in Showcase #76. It featured a devil-may-care character, a peaceful, violence hating man who attracts trouble wherever he goes. Dialoguer Denny O'Neil summarized that, "he was a charming anti-hero, or as close to a charming anti-hero as comics ever came—at least as we did him. In subsequent handlings Bat Lash became a churlish anti-hero. Sergio [Aragonés] and I tried to make him in the tradition of the charming rogue. Bat had a conscience represented by the flower in his hat which he inevitably threw away whenever he was doing something ratty" [emphasis in original].

Bat Lash's own series only lasted seven issues. Even though editorial director Carmine Infantino claimed it sold well in Europe, sales in the States were not enough to sustain a run of the title. O'Neil has questioned this, remarking that low sales was "always" the reason given for cancellation in those days, and that he had reason to believe that this was not the case with Bat Lash. The character and the series bearing his name have been recognized in the industry, including the 1968 and 1969 Alley Awards for Best Western Titles.

Bat Lash made several other appearances after his cancellation in issues of Weird Western Tales and other titles. He had a story in DC Special Series #16 and a brief backup series in Jonah Hex #49 & 51–52 in 1981. In the 1989/90 miniseries Time Masters Bat Lash makes a brief appearance along with Jonah Hex. He appears in an alternate time-line in Justice League Europe Annual #2, written in 1991. An older Crimson Fox, through a time travel accident, appears in the middle of a card game, allowing Bat Lash the opportunity to save himself (and her) from Bat's own cheating. During the chase, Bat encounters one "Miss Sally", who is sad that she has not seen Bat in months.

A 1998 miniseries, "Guns of the Dragon" set in 1927 China, teams an elderly Bat Lash with Biff Bradley and Enemy Ace on an adventure that sends them to Dinosaur Island.

In 2006, writers Jimmy Palmiotti and Justin Gray wrote Lash into Jonah Hex #3. For Halloween in 2007 Bat Lash rides with Jonah Hex to save Lazarus Lane, the host Body of El Diablo, in Jonah Hex #24. He also appears in Jonah Hex #70.

In 2008, Bat Lash appeared in a self-titled, six issue miniseries from DC, written by Aragones, with dialog by acclaimed western novelist Peter Brandvold, art by John Severin and covers by Walt Simonson. It was reprinted in trade paperback as Bat Lash: Guns and Roses in 2008.

In the Weird Western Tales #71 tie-in to the Blackest Night crossover, Bat Lash was reanimated as a member of the Black Lantern along with Black Lantern Jonah Hex and Scalphunter.

Bat Lash is one of six DC heroes featured in Walt Simonson's 2012 graphic novel, The Judas Coin.

During the "Dark Nights: Death Metal" storyline, Bat Lash is among the superheroes revived by Batman using a Black Lantern ring.

Television
Bat Lash appears in the Justice League Unlimited episode "The Once and Future Thing Part One: Weird Western Tales", voiced by Ben Browder. This version is easy-going and good-mannered, though he possesses a mischievous streak and is prone to quoting his father.

Film
An illusionary version of Bat Lash appears in Justice League: Warworld, voiced by Brett Dalton.

Miscellaneous

 * Bat Lash's popularity was discussed on Conan during an interview between Conan O'Brien and Peter Girardi, creative director of Warner Bros. Animation, in regards to DC characters that "sucked".
 * Bat Lash's alien abduction in Crisis on Infinite Earths #3 is adapted into "Westerner", a 2012 song by electro-rock band Judge Rock.

title: Bat Lash


text:
User:Whicky1978

Occupation
Child Protective Services

Education

 * Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Carson-Newman College
 * Master of Science in School Counseling from The University of Tennessee at Knoxville

Residence
Middle Tennessee, United States

(I am originally from East Tennessee).

My Major Contributions

 * Frank Parsons
 * Empathy (Style edits, human development)
 * psychotherapy ("behavioral")
 * Psychoanalysis added cultural and managed care adaptations, my references.
 * School counselor
 * School psychologist
 * School Social Worker
 * Sigmund Freud added info. about early life
 * B.F. Skinner (added awards)
 * Solution focused brief therapy (questions)
 * Jesse B. Davis
 * Educational psychology listed sources with footnoting.
 * History of school counseling

WP Links

 * WP:VP villiage pump
 * help desk
 * WP:COMM Community Portal
 * WP:UBX User Box
 * user:whicky1978/sand box

Sister Project Links

 * | Wiktionary
 * | wikimedia

My talk pages

 * Talk:Frank Parsons
 * Talk:Psychoanalysis
 * Talk:School social worker
 * Talk:Solution focused brief therapy
 * Talk:Dot matrix printer
 * Talk:Educational psychology
 * User talk:Peterbdvp
 * Talk:Psychotherapy
 * User talk:Maurreen
 * Talk:Person-centered psychotherapy
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:GA/R#School_counselor

My to do list

 * Create and/or complete article on RIASEC theory, career personality
 * Behavioral counseling
 * Group counseling or group therapy
 * Paradoxical intentions or reverse psychology
 * Create and/or complete article for Donald Super, career theorist
 * Create an article or stub for Jesse B. Davis
 * Complete stub for psychoanalysis in groups
 * Expand Calvin Tuteao
 * Clean up REBT
 * Referencing on Educational psychology
 * Expand Play therapy

title: User:Whicky1978


text:
Super Fighter

Super Fighter (in Chinese: 快打至尊) is a fighting game for MS-DOS. It was developed by C&E, Inc. of Taiwan, and first released in Taiwan on February 20, 1993. An English version of the game was also released, albeit in much shorter supply, under the name Fatal Encounter.

Plot
The game's plot centers on a drug broker and his murderous minions who claim ownership of the world's combined freedom. Showing their true menace by murdering top ranking government officials, they send a shockwave of fear across the United Nations. Eight heroes, trained to readiness, accept the challenge of going face to face with the top three of this evil circle. The outcome of this battle will truly decide where man's freedoms lie. During the course of the game, players will select their hero and fight through eleven antagonists in hopes of reaching the much sought-after goal of peace. Each of the heroes are armed an effective set of attacks, stemming from their chosen martial art. In addition, they have all learned powerful special attacks, such as combination punches and kicks, projectiles and enhanced throws. With each unique hero coming from a different background and possessing different skills, there's a great deal of replay possibility.

Characters
Many of the characters were inspired by characters from the Street Fighter game series.
 * 🇯🇵 Jaan: This character is based on Ryu, from his clothes to his techniques. Jaan is a triple world champion in karate, has already reached a very high level of fighting skill. However, since he still believes that there are stronger fighters in the world, he never quits practicing. Influenced by his father (who was a soldier in the military), Jaan lives a simple and subtle life. His home is free of dust. Of course, he cares about his personal appearance; his hairstyle is a good example.
 * 🇷🇺 Sarkov: Based on Zangief, Sarkov was born into a poor family. He lost his parents when he was very young, making his only relative his elder brother. He was truly a child detached from the outside world. As a child, Sarkov was thin and weak, and was often humiliated. That is, until his brother was slain by ruffians while protecting him! Sarkov swore before his brother's tombstone that he would someday become the strongest man in the world. From that day forward, he trained his body hard by practicing wrestling skills every day. Through this extensive training, he has built up the physical power we can now see.
 * 🇺🇸 Bullet: This is one of the most original characters of the game, because his design and moves are completely original, based on Vega. He grew up in the dark streets of the Brooklyn district of New York, where he became an assistant in a boxing gym. There he learned many of the pro boxers' techniques. He became a mysterious fellow who trusted no one. No one, that is, until he met Vanessa. She was a simple and lovely girl, who lightened him up from the brutal and violent world. They were happy together until one day, when she fainted. The hospital revealed that she had a strange illness which would require a large sum of money to cure. Bullet entered the Super Fighter tournament because the only way to bring back the cheerful Vanessa would be to defeat the evil kingpin and win the bounty. Though Bullet is extremely fast, his strength is comparably weak. His speed advantage usually works well enough to help him defeat his enemies, however.
 * 🇨🇳 Lan: Based on Guile and Ryu for his techniques, Lan is one of the most important characters in the game's storyline. Since Lan's family was well known for their achievements in the old Chinese martial arts, he received plenty of training from his father when he was young. As a result, he has learned a large variety of different fighting skills, both with and without the use of weapons. Lan is free and handsome, even when performing his special attacks. Though he is an expert in the Chinese martial arts, Lan continues to train himself fiercely in order to further improve upon his skill.
 * 🇨🇳 Phoenix: Loosely based on Chun-Li and M. Bison, Phoenix is the youngest fighter in the Super Fighter tournament. Once a champion in the Chinese martial arts contest, she and Lan were rivals. They had challenged each other several times, but the result was always a draw. Phoenix and Lan are good friends, but they are not lovers - for she thinks that Lan is still too young, and not mature enough. Like every twenty-year-old girl, her mind was filled with illusions. That is until she met Frank, whom she considers to be a real man. The reason Phoenix entered the Super Fighter contest was probably because she could not find any other opponents in China that were strong enough.
 * 🇺🇸 Frank: This slightly older version of Ken is one of the most popular characters of the game. With moves of Ken and Balrog, he is an American street fighter that has become very popular because of his "Aura Punch" move. Frank has overlooked the abilities of his opponents, making him lose a lot of battles. Despite his losses, Frank fought bravely each time. Therefore, everyone who has fought with him thinks he's a tough guy, and they all appreciate his morale.
 * 🇯🇵 Onimaru: This cybernetically-enhanced older man is the perfect combination of Vega and Dhalsim is a descendant of the Iga ninja group, and had his face disfigured in a mission. For twenty years, he has been hunting for an international drug broker whose true identity remains a mystery. The only things known about this wicked man are that he has radical thoughts, and is planning to dominate the world with drugs. This, and that he is a good fighter. Getting rid of this drug broker is the main reason that Onimaru entered the Super Fighter tournament.
 * 🇰🇷 Kim Tai Chi: A Pili puppet show character. Kim "King" Tai Chi led a poor and simple life. When he was young, he had to do all of the work by himself, such as: gathering firewood, collecting herbal medicine and hunting. These chores kept him in good physical condition. Though Kim Tai Chi was poor, he had always been content with his life. He fights using many taiji moves, as his names remains.
 * Black Widow: The “spider lady” is an extremely fast fighter. Just like a spider, she is able to attack her opponents very quickly. Her moves are all venomous, just like her nickname: “black widow.” If you wish to stay alive, don't be tempted by her beautiful appearance!
 * 🇪🇬 Joker: Born rich, Joker has developed a lazy character; all he does every day is wander around and bully others. He grows more impatient with each passing day, longing to dominate the world. Joker is definitely a big, tough guy, and his dark ambitions are probably the reason that he is a follower of Red Man, the “Avenger.” Only you can stop this evil man, so be prepared!
 * 🇺🇸 Red Man: The final boss. “Red Man,” whose true identity is a mystery, has brought fear to the United Nations. He yearns to contaminate the whole world, and thinks that having power is the only reason for living; that only evil can conquer everything. Radical thoughts have driven him so far that he calls himself the reincarnation of Satan, and that he must exact his revenge for being exiled to hell. To bring about this revenge, he plans to kill all of God's people. It is rumoured that Red Man was once an apprentice of Lan's father, who abandoned his discipline and killed his master. He truly is a merciless monster.

Super Fighter Team
Since 2001, North American company Super Fighter Team are in charge of continued, new developments and general support for Super Fighter, with full permission of C&E, Inc, who also gave Super Fighter Team their source code for the original game. Their efforts are showcased at the Official Super Fighter Website, which includes a freeware download of the full game (both Chinese and English language editions are offered).

A Flash version of Super Fighter was created by a team in Germany for online play, which was offered for several years. However, it was eventually dropped from the official website due to its simplicity and crudeness. Even so, it can still be found on many Flash game websites around the world.

On December 21, 2008, Super Fighter Block Battle was released as freeware for mobile phones operating under the Symbian S60 software platform. As it features the same characters as the original game, and continues on its storyline, it is the first official follow-up to Super Fighter.

On November 6, 2013, Super Fighter Special Edition was released as a free download for Windows, to commemorate the game's 20th anniversary. Notable features of this edition include a new soundtrack, additional attacks for each fighter, and nearly one hundred new frames of character animation.

title: Super Fighter


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Buddhist topics

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. CSTAR 01:32, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

List of Buddhist topics
You have already deleted the imitation, Index of topics in alternative medicine see, now here is your chance to delete the original. The same dumb reason should apply since only the subject matter differs. The original reason was unintelligible, so here is a rough translation: Redundancy with their more complete list of terms and concepts article. This redundant list should probably be deleted and merged into the more complete list of Buddhist terms and concepts article. -- John Gohde 04:55, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Don't disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point. Come up with a reason that isn't sour grapes. Until then, Keep. Snowspinner 05:01, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete simply because Category:Buddhism now does a better job. Are all articles on this list entered in the Category:Buddhism? That is the only question. --Wetman 05:05, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - What is true for one index is also true for an identical index on another topic, unless of course the first index was deleted for bogus reasons. -- John Gohde 05:09, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, duplicate/redundant list. Megan1967 05:20, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It is beginning to look like Index of topics in alternative medicine was deleted for completely bogus reasons because these votes for deletion are nothing but a popularity contest by editors without a life who live on Wikipedia that has nothing to with anything. -- John Gohde 05:40, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Lists and categories have different purposes.  RickK 06:33, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Valid list, and not redundant with Buddhist terms and concepts. Listed on vfd solely for the purpose of making a stink. Wile E. Heresiarch 06:36, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I'm sick of people using VfD as a tool to disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point. /sɪzlæk  ˺/  07:04, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Definitely Keep This list is far more easy to use than any category. It allows to have some clear formatting which unfortunately a category doesn't have. It also permits the listing "in red" of some article names which do not exist yet, signalling gaps and inviting contributions, which also a category cannot do. By the way, I thought edits on Wikipedia should try to be constructive, rather than destructive: in doubt, and if many people find such a list useful, please leave it to them, even if it creates some sort of redundancy. PHG 12:06, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Put here for WP:POINT-making. See also the entry for Template:Buddhism on WP:TFD (removed by Netoholic as obvious bad faith). Nominator is upset at nomination of pet articles a few months ago - David Gerard 12:53, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. ✏ Oven Fresh  ²  17:55, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep for reasons given by User:PHG Shantavira 18:52, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep can we instead delete disruptive users like John Gohde? —ExplorerCDT 22:32, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Useful list. Jonathunder 03:47, 2005 Feb 28 (UTC)
 * Keep. Invalid nomination.   — Gwalla | Talk 04:36, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Antandrus 04:45, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Hopefully the redlinks on the list will show the areas on Buddhism where articles need to be created. Capitalistroadster 08:05, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * While I generally favor categories over lists, this one seems finite enough to have a point. Keep. Radiant! 10:08, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Obviously, John Gohde nominated this because he is upset that Index of topics in alternative medicine was deleted.  That makes this a bad-faith nomination.  It seems that we should remove bad-faith nominations, rather than vote on them.  If we are going to vote, however, we should vote on the merits and not vote to "Keep" something simply because it has been submitted to VfD in bad faith to make a point.   The arguments that were used to justify the deletion of Index of topics in alternative medicine do indeed justify the deletion of this article.    As was already argued, there is no need for a manually-maintained list of topics in a subject area.  That is what categories are for.   As for using such a list as a place to call for the creation of articles by inserting red links, there are other, better, mechanisms for that also.  --BM 15:04, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The category template does a fine job, as should Buddhist terms and concepts. Seems redundant to me, and far more difficult to maintain that a category. However, I believe that it may be a bit disingenuous to submit both the list (this VfD) and the Buddhism template for deletion, as has been done in this case. Listing both seems to indicate that someone is trying to disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point. IMO, the template should stay. HyperZonktalk 17:47, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Recycling Troll 09:56, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain Malicious nomination.--Lee Hunter 13:41, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Current policy is to use both catagories and lists.  Lists can contain red links.  Then again, red links could be included in the catagory pages themselves... hmmm....  --L33tminion | (talk) 15:20, Mar 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. May be of use to some people. -- Infrogmation 17:24, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)


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Lançados

The lançados (literally, the thrown out ones or the cast out ones) were settlers and colonizers of Portuguese origin in Senegambia, Cabo Verde, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and other areas on the coast of West Africa. Many were Jews—often New Christians—escaping persecution from the Portuguese Inquisition.

Lançados often took African wives from local ruling families, thereby securing protection and trading ties that worked to the advantage of both sides. They established clandestine trading networks in weaponry, spices, and slaves. This black market angered the Portuguese Crown by disrupting its ability to collect taxes.

Although never large in numbers, the mixed-race children born to the lançados and their African wives and concubines served as crucial intermediaries between Europeans and native Africans. They were often bilingual and grew up in both cultures, sometimes working as interpreters with traders. These mixed-race people wielded significant power in the early development of port economies in Bissau, Cacheu, and surrounding areas.

Origin
At the time of Prince Henry the Navigator's death in 1460, the Portuguese had visited the West African coast from Cabo Verde as far south as the equator. They were familiar with points in between such as present-day Sierra Leone and Elmina (the latter in present-day Ghana). The Portuguese monarchy attempted to hold a total monopoly over the West African slave trade by nominating official intermediaries for that purpose.

In 1479 Portugal and Castile signed the Treaty of Alcáçovas ending the War of the Castilian Succession. During the war Castile had contested the Portuguese slave trade monopoly by threatening Portuguese outposts and unsuccessfully attacking their fleet in the Gulf of Guinea. With their main European rival neutralized, Portugal expanded its trade networks and settlements in West Africa essentially unopposed throughout the 15th century. During that century various Portuguese settlers, adventurers, and merchants traveled to the coastal areas and archipelagos of West Africa—particularly Cabo Verde—either voluntarily or by force. Some were merchants or agents of commercial enterprises who "threw themselves" willingly ("lançavam") into contact with African peoples for trading purposes, and often circumvented the Portuguese monarchy's monopolistic taxes.

But, the majority of lançados were legally or self-exiled to Africa, including Jews and New Christians escaping the Portuguese Inquisition, and persons called degredados serving out legally-imposed exiles. A small minority of lançados were not Portuguese, but Spanish, Greek, or Indian.

Lançados would live and trade in coastal areas, either individually or in small groups, and with the knowledge and protection of native Africans. Over time some lançado settlements grew large enough that they could impose violence on local peoples without fear of reprisal. They also built their own ships and recruited Africans known as  to serve as auxiliary soldiers.

The lançados were primarily active on the Senegal, Gambia, Casamance, and Guinea valleys; the Cacheu and Geba River regions in current-day Guinea-Bissau; and in the Port Loko region in current-day Sierra Leone. They lived as far southwest as Elmina. Perhaps their largest settlements were at Buba and Rio Grande de Buba in present-day Guinea-Bissau.

It was uncommon for male lançados to bring Portuguese or other white women with them to Africa. Instead, they took African wives or concubines, fathering Afro-Portuguese children with them. Some individual lançados lived so long with African people that they integrated into local cultures, abandoning their previous Portuguese identities. Sustained contact between the Portuguese and local African peoples established Portuguese—or at least a proto-creole derived from Portuguese—as a West African lingua franca almost as widespread as the native Mande languages.

The coastal lançados and their descendants constituted a new sociocultural group that spoke Portuguese, dressed in European clothes, and lived in rectangular Portuguese-style houses with whitewashed walls and verandas. They also adopted local African customs such as tattooing and scarification. Their religious beliefs were likewise a mix of Catholicism, West African Vodun, and ancestor worship. The strong linguistic and familial ties between the lançados, their descendants, and native people resulted in a distinct Luso-African culture that partially persists into the 21st century.

Peak and decline
The number of lançados grew quickly during the first half of the 16th century in response to the persecution of Jews by Portuguese kings Manuel I and João III. The lançados supported and acted as intermediaries for an increasing number of French, English, and Dutch trading along the West African coast from Cabo Verde to Elmina. In order to combat this trade, the Kingdom of Portugal established fortified trading posts called feitorias at strategic points along the Gulf of Guinea coast.

During the Iberian Union—from the late 16th to early 17th centuries—lançados started trading with the Susu and Mandé peoples. They lived relatively far inland. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, lançados and their descendants controlled local commerce in the inland regions of Guinea.

As the quantity of white Portuguese migrants declined from the 17th century onward, lançado descendants with mixed European and African blood began to outnumber Europeans. Towards the end of the 17th century these mulattos or mestiços became a sociocultural elite in the wider Afro-Portuguese community, as they outnumbered both white and black people. During this time they also controlled trade with the Biafada people and the Port Loko region.

The lançados declined in importance starting in the 18th centuryt. At that time he Portuguese monarchy assumed direct colonial control of coastal areas and began negotiating with indigenous rulers.

Notable Lançados

 * Bibiana Vaz (c. 1630–1694+)
 * Ganagoga (literally, The Man who Speaks all the Languages in Biafada, born João Ferreira) was a lançado New Christian. He was married to a Fula king's daughter in Fuuta Tooro during the sixteenth century, and they had a child together. Speaking many languages, he was influential among the Fula aristocracy and was close with the lineage head of Casão on the Gambia River.

title: Lançados


text:
Harrison station (PATH)

Harrison station is a station on the PATH system. Located on Frank E. Rodgers Boulevard (County Route 697) between I-280 and the Passaic River in Harrison, New Jersey, it is served by the Newark–World Trade Center line at all times. The station's two side platforms are on the outside of the Northeast Corridor's three tracks.

The station opened in 1911 as part of the extension of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad to Newark–Park Place, and was relocated in 1937. It was rebuilt in the late 2010s and early 2020s.

History
On November 26, 1911, the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad (H&M) began running from Manhattan Transfer to Newark–Park Place, stopping at Harrison station at the intersection of Fourth Street (now Frank E. Rodgers Boulevard South) and New Jersey Railroad Avenue, three blocks north of the present station. The H&M used an elevated right-of-way above the Pennsylvania Railroad's Center Street Branch.

The station moved to a new location on June 20, 1937, when the H&M was realigned southward from Park Place to Newark Penn Station.

Both Harrison stations were part of a joint operation of the PRR and the H&M under the legal name "Joint Service Electric Railroad", which required a separate or surcharge fare. Beside H&M service, Harrison also served the PRR-owned New York and Long Branch Railroad line, which was partially owned by the Central Railroad of New Jersey south of Perth Amboy, and ran as far east as Exchange Place Terminal in Jersey City. Hudson and Manhattan Railroad was bought by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in 1962 and renamed Port Authority Trans-Hudson, but the 1937-built H&M/PRR depot remained intact.

Reconstruction
The area around the station has undergone redevelopment since the early 2000s. The first phase of a mixed-use development called Harrison Station opened in December 2011. Meanwhile, the Port Authority began reconstructing the station in 2009. The $256 million project essentially rebuilt the station because the original structure's architecture could not easily be updated. The station has longer and wider platforms to allow 10-car trains; street-level-to-platform elevators within the platform extensions, in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990; and architectural modifications to its appearance. Funding for this project was provided by a portion of the March 2008 toll and fare hike, which increased the overall spending budget of the corporation. In 2011, the Port Authority began acquiring real property in preparation for construction.

In 2012, a parking garage opened adjacent to the Newark-bound platform and the entrance/exit was rebuilt with a modern, glass walled enclosure. A new staircase facing the opposite direction from the original goes down to a small plaza with bike racks outside the garage. The major reconstruction was approved on March 28, 2012, and construction started in January 2013. The Port Authority had originally planned to finish construction by April 2017. The start of construction was celebrated by Gov. Chris Christie, Mayor Raymond McDonough and Port Authority Executive Director Bill Baroni on August 16, 2013. The completion target was tentatively moved to 2018, and settling a required right-of-way renewal agreement with Amtrak may delay the completion further. Work on the station continued even in the absence of an agreement. The renovation and expansion of the station will also accommodate large crowds of spectators taking the PATH for sporting events held at nearby Red Bull Arena, home of Major League Soccer (MLS) club New York Red Bulls.

The westbound platform of the new station opened to the public on October 30, 2018. On June 15, 2019, the eastbound head house and platform of the new station opened to the public completing the first two of the four-phase project of the station reconstruction. Following the new eastbound platform's opening, the older existing entrances on the west side of Frank E. Rodgers Boulevard were expected to be demolished by December 2019 for the third phase to make way for similar new headhouses, but no action was taken until April 12, 2021, when the Pennsylvania Railroad station headhouse to the eastbound platform was closed and subsequently demolished.

On February 21, 2024, the new eastbound station's headhouse was completed and opened to the public, thus completing the project for the modernization of the station. The new 3200 sqft station house cost $47.2 million, and includes many modernization and accessibility upgrades, including an elevator, public plaza with seating, 82 bicycle parking spots, and a dedicated turnstile. Additionally, the new facility has enhanced flood protection from the Passaic River, with the house being above the floodplain and water runoff being collected and stored in water retention tanks for irrigation. The new facility allows for pedestrian access without needing to cross the street.

Station layout
This station is located on the Northeast Corridor. It has two side platforms and five tracks. Only the side tracks serving the PATH platforms have third rail power; the three center tracks, with overhead catenary wires, are used by passing Amtrak and New Jersey Transit's Raritan Valley Line, Northeast Corridor Line and North Jersey Coast Line trains.

The platforms have low tubular fencing along their extreme ends and a wooden canopy held up by metal posts toward their midsection. Each platform has its own entrance/exit to the west side of Frank E. Rogers Boulevard and there are no crossovers or crossunders. The Newark-bound platform has an additional entrance/exit on the east side of the boulevard, and a similar entrance/exit was built for the New York-bound platform.

The Newark-bound platform entrance on the west side of Frank E. Rodgers Boulevard is under a roll-up steel gate. It leads to a small, modern fare control area with smart card turnstiles, installed here and at all other PATH stations in January 2005. Before then, passengers could take the short ride to Newark for free (trains discharge and pick up passengers at different fare-control areas in Newark Penn Station, so fare beating to New York was not possible). These six turnstiles lead past a Ticket Vending Machine and another machine for two trip PATH MetroCards to a covered staircase. This staircase goes down to an intermediate landing where another staircase turns right and goes down to the street. A new staircase facing the opposite direction from the original goes down to a small plaza with bike racks outside the parking garage.The former entrance to the New York-bound platform was inside a 1930s brick building. It had a circular awning that covers two blue doors. Above this awning was a window to allow natural light in followed by a concrete etching of the Pennsylvania Railroad logo and was a reflection of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad former joint operated with the Pennsylvania Railroad between Journal Square (then called Summit Avenue) and Newark. Above this was a station's name and ornate clock, although the latter was removed at an unknown point. Inside the building were two more doors at a split. These two areas lead to separate banks of turnstiles that lead to an enclosed staircase up to platform level, where there was a small, enclosed waiting area with benches before doors lead out to the back of the platform. As part of ongoing renovations at the station, the 1930's entrance was closed, demolished and will be replaced. The 2018–2019 entrances on the east side of Frank E. Rodgers Boulevard contain separate semicircular glass headhouses for each platform. The Newark-bound headhouse opened to passengers on October 30, 2018, and the New York-bound headhouse opened to passengers on June 15, 2019. The headhouses curve outward toward plazas on the street. Each headhouse's ceiling is around three stories above ground level, creating an airy and open effect. Directly inside each headhouse is an escalator, a set of double-wide stairs, and an elevator leading to each respective platform level. The turnstiles are located at platform level, and there is no free transfer between directions.

title: Harrison station (PATH)


text:
Ashbrooke

Ashbrooke is a residential area of Sunderland, North East England directly south and south-west of the city centre.

Ashbrooke developed through the Victorian era as Sunderland's first suburb. Originally occupied by large middle-class families, including much of Wearside's Jewish population, a fair number of the larger residences have been reorganised into dwellings of multiple occupancy, home to the local University of Sunderland's students and young professionals.

The large, well-built houses, the wide, tree-lined avenues, and the often colourful street names ('The Esplanade', 'The Oaks', 'The Elms', 'West Lawn', 'Holmlands Park') signify the area's affluence.

The area lies within walking distance of Park Lane and University stations on the Tyne and Wear Metro system.

Local punk band The Toy Dolls wrote a song about Ashbrooke Launderette on their 1987 album Bare Faced Cheek. Various members of the band still either live or work in Ashbrooke.

Ashbrooke is part of St. Michael's ward and is represented by three Conservative councillors; Lyall Reed, Peter Wood and Michael Dixon.

Sport
Ashbrooke Sports Ground, opened on 30 May 1887 for cricket and rugby, is home to many amateur sports associations such as bowls, cricket, tennis, hockey, squash and rugby union. A Tennis tournament before Wimbledon was used as a warm up for players such as Jimmy Connors and Martina Navratilova.

While a minor county, Durham County Cricket Club played games at Ashbrooke, including fixtures against touring international sides. The 1926 Australians attracted a crowd reputed to be over 20,000 for their two-day game in 1926, and the ground also hosted a match between Durham and the West Indians in 1950, notable for Kenneth Trestrail scoring a century in each innings. In 1990, Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar made his first appearance in England at Ashbrooke Sports Ground against a League Conference Cricket Conference XI.

Sunderland Rugby Football Club currently play in the Durham/Northumberland Division 2.

title: Ashbrooke