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User:Jhawley-peters

I come from a family of five: I am the eldest child and have two younger sisters. I was born in the bay area; my sisters were born in Ukiah, CA. Since then we have moved to Davis. My father received a degree in mechanical engineering from UCD, and I took up performing magic at the Farmer’s Market. My sisters attend the Davis Waldorf School, just as I attended Waldorf both in Ukiah and Davis. After attending Waldorf through eighth grade I formed a rock band with my friends and began attending DHS. Over the years, the band has been successful on a small scale and has not, at any point broken up. I currently attend DaVinci High School, and because of this past I am well prepared for work. These early experiences have lead to myriad of skills: During my education I have been forced me to learn to organize a group of people by their abilities and make things happen: this has lead to my ability to communicate; I have organized task lists for these groups and written persuasive documents. This collaboration has also required that I orally communicate with my groups and to present the ideas that I was supporting. My performance has made me a strong speaker, and I have been getting up in front of people and convincing them of things (even untrue things as a magician) since fourth grade when I started making presentations and performing magic. I am currently enrolled in a technology high school and have already seen that my intellectual gains through technology will be awesome. I understand how important it is to have and apply these skills in the workplace and I am prepared. I have gained much from the good intentions of my parents. Some of the things that have helped me are that my parents choose to put me in a private (Waldorf) school, my performing at that school, as a magician and as a bassist, and my attendance of DaVinci High school. Overall their nurturing attitude has helped make me who I am. The performing has helped my skills talking to both crowds and individuals, and the education both at DaVinci and Waldorf has improved my ability to solve problems and relate information. These experiences have been very gratifying and I hope to face many challenges in my future work experience. I love to perform. I also love to express myself through art. I have been doing both since childhood and it has benefited me greatly. I have participated in plays and music performance as well as creating art since the age of six, when I started the awesome education that my parents provided me with. I am extremely self confident as a result of all the performing and have learned how to express myself better because of the art. In my opinion, it is extremely important that people be able to express themselves. Being able to do so with an audience of hundreds is a priceless skill.

title: User:Jhawley-peters


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HMS Polychrest

HMS Polychrest is a fictional naval vessel from Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin series of historical novels about the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars. The ship features in the second book in the series, Post Captain, and is a very unconventional sloop-of-war with sharp ends at both bow and stern, no tumblehome (inward curvature at the top of the hull), drop keels (similar to daggerboards on some modern sail boats), and the remnants of the launching system for an unsuccessful secret weapon (a giant rocket).

The physical form of Polychrest (except for the secret weapon) was taken from the real Dart class of sloops. The sliding keels, originally designed by Captain John Schank, were employed upon a number of small Royal Navy vessels around this period, although problems with leaking centerboard cases perhaps discouraged wider experimentation. Unlike Polychrest with her extraordinary leeway and propensity for missing stays, the real HMS Dart (1796) and her sister ship HMS Arrow (1796) performed satisfactorily during their Royal Navy service. Dart was broken up in 1809 and Arrow captured by two French frigates in 1805. O'Brian likely took the poor sailing qualities of Polychrest and perhaps the notion of a new secret weapon from HMS Project. Project was a much smaller vessel than Dart or Polychrest with a very shallow draft to carry a new design of howitzer into coastal waters. Project was broken up in 1810 after only five years of service.

Aubrey, having heard of the ship before, upon being offered command reflected that "she was known as the 'Carpenter's Mistake', and no one in the service had ever imagined she would be launched.". After several months of service in the English Channel, Polychrest is severely damaged after running aground during a raid on a French port, and sinks soon thereafter.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: HMS Polychrest


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Radio Silence (Boris Grebenshchikov album)

Radio Silence is an album by Boris Grebenshchikov (simplified to "Grebenshikov" on the cover), leader of the Russian group Aquarium. The album was recorded in 1988 – 1989 in studios in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada, mostly with Western musicians, and produced by David A. Stewart. It was hailed as the first contract of a Russian (then, Soviet) rock musician with a Western label.

Having by then achieved the status of the most prominent rock musician in Russia, Boris had just recently been permitted to travel abroad (thanks to Perestroika). On most tracks, only Alexander Titov (bass) is of the then-current Russian Aquarium band, the rest being Western musicians (with the exception of Death of King Arthur where many Aquarium musicians can be heard). It was originally planned that the album would have half songs in Russian and half in English, but in the final album there are only two Russian songs on the B side.

History
In 1987, American music producers Marina Albi and Kenny Shaffer noticed Grebenshchikov; they helped him to obtain a US visa and to sign a contract with CBS for recording eight albums. Radio Silence was the first one. It was recorded and presented in 1988 and distributed in 1989. The recording process was documented in the 1989 film The Long Way Home by Michael Apted.

"Russian critics don't like Radio Silence because a) it is atypical for Aquarium, b) it never won any prize, implying the inferiority of Russian rock, and c) is atypical. As usual, they are right, and they understood nothing. RS crashed Aquarium, which then lived by its huge success in the Soviet Union (since late 1986 we were constantly cheered by the crowds, as if we had crushed socialism in the USSR), and placed us face to face with worldwide reality .. after 11 albums, it would make no sense for me to move to New York just for recording a 12th album of the same music. Its style was shaped after my encounter with David Stewart. (Boris Grebenshchikov in 1997)"

Track listing
All songs were written by Grebenshchikov, except for "Death of King Arthur" and "China".

 * 1) "Radio Silence"
 * 2) "The Postcard"
 * 3) "The Wind"
 * 4) "The Time"
 * 5) "Winter"
 * 6) "That Voice Again"
 * 7) "Молодые Львы (The Young Lions)"
 * 8) "Fields of My Love"
 * 9) "Death of King Arthur" (music by BG, lyrics by Sir Thomas Malory)
 * 10) "Real Slow Today"
 * 11) "Mother"
 * 12) "Китай (China)" (music by Alexander Vertinsky and lyrics by Nikolay Gumilyov)

Personnel

 * Boris Grebenshchikov – vocals, guitar
 * David A. Stewart – guitar
 * Olle Romo – drums, synclavier
 * Patrick Seymour – keyboards
 * Sasha Titov, Chucho Merchan – bass
 * Michael Kamen – oboe
 * Darryl Way – violin
 * Ray Cooper – percussion
 * Dave Plews – trumpet
 * Annie Lennox, Siobhan Stewart, Billy MacKenzie, John Stewart, Harry Dean Stanton, Seva Gakkel, Charlie Wilson, Chrissie Hynde, Joniece Jamison – vocals


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Big Bend Dam

Big Bend Dam is a major embankment rolled-earth dam on the Missouri River in Central South Dakota, United States, creating Lake Sharpe. The dam was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as part of the Pick-Sloan Plan for Missouri watershed development authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1944. Construction began in 1959 and the embankment was completed in July 1963. Power generation began at the facility in 1964 and the entire complex was completed in 1966 at a total cost of $107 million. The hydroelectric plant generates 493,300 kilowatts of electricity at maximum capacity, with an annual production of 969 million kilowatt hours, and meets peak-hour demand for power within the Missouri River Basin.

Located near Fort Thompson, South Dakota, just south of the Big Bend of the Missouri River, a large meander, Big Bend Dam creates Lake Sharpe, named after South Dakota Governor Merrill Q. Sharpe. The lake extends for 80 mi up the course of the Missouri River passing through Pierre, the State Capitol, to Oahe Dam, another major power-generating and flood control dam. Lake Sharpe covers a total of 56884 acre and drains an area just under 250000 sqmi.

South Dakota Highway 47 crosses over the dam, connecting Lyman and Buffalo Counties. Big Bend Dam is located approximately 17 mi north of I-90, and approximately 60 mi southeast of Pierre.

The next dam upstream is Oahe Dam, near Pierre, and the next dam downstream is Fort Randall Dam, near Pickstown.

Native American tribes
The construction of the dam resulted in the dislocation of people on the Crow Creek and Lower Brule Reservations. The flooding of the land for the reservoir also resulted in the loss of limited plant life resources used by them for food and medicine.

A monument at Big Bend Dam dedicated in 2002, the Spirit of the Circle Monument, honors the more than 1,300 people who died over a three-year period in the 1860s at the Crow Creek Reservation near the present site of the dam.

2011 Missouri River flood
For the first time in the dam's history, the US Army Corps of Engineers opened the dam's spillway gates on the morning of June 3, 2011. In response to the 2011 Missouri River Floods, the dam was releasing 150000 cuft/s, which greatly exceeded its previous record release of 74000 cuft/s set in 1997.

title: Big Bend Dam


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XHXO-FM

XHXO-FM is a radio station on 95.7 FM in Ciudad Mante, Tamaulipas. It is owned by Organización Radiofónica Tamaulipeca and is known as La Súper Buena.

History
XEXO-AM 1390 received its concession in December 1972. It was owned by Jorge Cárdenas González and broadcast with 5,000 watts during the day and 100 at night, later increased to 500. It was transferred to the current concessionaire in 1990 and approved to migrate to FM in December 2011.

title: XHXO-FM


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Baker Lake, Nunavut

Baker Lake (Inuktitut syllabics: ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑐᐊᖅ 'big lake joined by a river at both ends', Inuktitut: Qamani'tuaq 'where the river widens') is a hamlet in the Kivalliq Region, in Nunavut on mainland Canada. Located 320 km inland from Hudson Bay, it is near the nation's geographical centre, and is notable for being Nunavut's sole inland community. The hamlet is located at the mouth of the Thelon River on the shore of Baker Lake. The community was given its English name in 1761 from Captain William Christopher who named it after Sir William Baker, the 11th Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company.

History
In 1916, the Hudson's Bay Company established a trading post at Baker Lake, followed by Anglican missionaries in 1927. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police had been in the area for fifteen years before establishing a post at Baker Lake in 1930. In 1946 the population was 32, of which 25 were Inuit. A small hospital was built in 1957, followed by a regional school the next year.

In 1979 the Baker Lake Hunters and Trappers Association and the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (ITK) took the Canadian federal government to court for giving exploration licences to mining companies in areas where the Inuit hunt caribou. Judge Mahoney of the Federal Court of Canada, in Hamlet of Baker Lake v. Minister of Indian Affairs, recognized the existence of Aboriginal Title in Nunavut. The plaintiffs were concerned that "government-licensed exploration companies were interfering with their aboriginal rights, specifically, their right to hunt caribou."

Videos of elders sharing oral histories have been collected by Inuit students as part of the Nunavut Teacher Education Program.

Demographics
In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Baker Lake had a population of 2,061 living in 577 of its 661 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 2,069. With a land area of 179.54 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Baker Lake is home to eleven Inuit groups:
 * Ahiarmiut/Ihalmiut, originally from the north of Back River area, and from Ennadai Lake
 * Akilinirmiut, originally from the Akiliniq Hills, Thelon River area of Beverly Lake, Dubawnt Lake, Aberdeen Lake
 * Hanningajurmiut, originally from Garry Lake
 * Harvaqtuurmiut, originally from the Kazan River area
 * Hauniqturmiut, originally from Whale Cove's south, between Sandy Point and Arviat
 * Iluilirmiut / Illuilirmiut, originally from Adelaide Peninsula (Iluilik), Chantrey Inlet area
 * Kihlirnirmiut, originally from the Garry Lake area between Bathurst Inlet, Cambridge Bay
 * Natsilingmiut, originally from Baker Lake area between Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak, Kugaaruk, Repulse Bay
 * Padlermiut, originally from the Baker Lake to Arviat area
 * Qaernermiut, originally from the lower Thelon River, Baker Lake, Chesterfield Inlet, Corbett Inlet areas, between Rankin Inlet and Whale Cove
 * Utkuhiksalingmiut, originally from the Back River and Gjoa Haven/Wager Bay area

Economy
Many of the town's residents work in the Meadowbank gold mine for Agnico Eagle Mines Limited. Much of the local infrastructure and logistics-related employment is based around aiding mineral exploration and mining efforts in the wider area. The main source of employment and growth in this sector is Canadian-based mining company Agnico Eagle Mines, which in 2010 began work at its Meadowbank mine site 110 km north of Baker Lake by road. The construction of the mine employed over 1,000 workers, over 30% of whom were locals from the general area of the Kivalliq Region. Along with employing local people, the company helped build cellphone towers to get the community connected to Northwestel's cellphone service. The coming of workers from all across Canada also helped developing tourism in this community. There is also potential for a uranium mine, called the Kiggavik Project, approximately 80 km to the west, which is being proposed by Orano Canada.

Climate
Baker Lake features a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc), bordering closely on a tundra climate, with short, cool summers and long, extremely cold winters. Winters run from October/November until April/May with temperatures averaging between −21 and −25 C. In contrast to Fairbanks, Alaska on a similar parallel, May is a subfreezing month and June is chilly considering the long hours of daylight.

Summers are usually cool, short and rainy; but can be hot and sometimes humid; with a record high of 33.6 C. Under the Nordenskjöld formula for distinguishing polar from non-polar climates, however, Baker Lake's climate is polar (Köppen ET) because with a coldest-month mean of −31.3 C, the warmest-month mean would need be above 12.1 C to keep Baker Lake out of the polar category, while Baker Lake's warmest-month mean is only 11.6 C — the lack of trees at Baker Lake vindicates this judgement.

Wildlife
Baker Lake is host to a variety of wildlife including caribou, muskox, Arctic hares, wolves, wolverines, sik-siks, geese, and lake trout among others.

Arts and culture
Baker Lake is known for its Inuit art, such as wall hangings, basalt stone sculptures and stone cut prints. The community has been home to internationally exhibited artists such as Matthew Agigaaq, Elizabeth Angrnaqquaq, Luke Anguhadluq, Barnabus Arnasungaaq, David Ikutaq, Toona Iquliq, Janet Nungnik, Jessie Oonark, Ruth Qaulluaryuk, Irene Avaalaaqiaq Tiktaalaaq, Simon Tookoome, Marion Tuu'luq, and Marie Kuunnuaq.

The Jessie Oonark Arts and Crafts Centre, which opened in 1992, is a work area for the community's artists. It provides space for carving, print making, sewing and jewellery making. It is also home to Jessie Oonark Crafts Ltd. a subsidiary of the Nunavut Development Corporation, a Government of Nunavut crown corporation.

Transportation
The settlement is served by Baker Lake Airport, linking it to the nearby coastal town of Rankin Inlet, about 35 minutes away by air. Calm Air serves the town with at least two flights daily. Every day there are connecting flights to Winnipeg.

While the local road network does not connect to another community, there is an approximately 110 km all-weather gravel highway named Mine Road. An 8 km road runs east from the townsite to the Geographic Centre of Canada monument.

Broadband communications
The community has been served by the Qiniq network since 2005. Qiniq is a fixed wireless service to homes and businesses, connecting to the outside world via a satellite backbone. The Qiniq network is designed and operated by SSi Canada. In 2017, the network was upgraded to 4G LTE technology, and 2G-GSM for mobile voice.

Services
Baker Lake has a women's shelter, health centre (Baker Lake Health Centre), dental clinic, heritage centre, visitor's centre, counselling centre, elders' centre, three hotels (Baker Lake Lodge, Iglu Hotel and Nunamiut Lodge), swimming pool, library, primary and secondary school (Rachel Arngnammaktiq Elementary School and Jonah Amitnaaq Secondary School), and youth centre.

There are three churches in the community, Anglican (St. Aidan's), Catholic (St. Paul's) and Glad Tidings.

title: Baker Lake, Nunavut


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Personal liberty laws

In the context of slavery in the United States, the personal liberty laws were laws passed by several U.S. states in the North to counter the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850. Different laws did this in different ways, including allowing jury trials for escaped slaves and forbidding state authorities from cooperating in their capture and return. States with personal liberty laws included Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Vermont.

Overview
The personal liberty laws were a series of legislative acts that were implemented in the United States between the 1800s and the beginning of the Civil War. These laws were a direct response to the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and of 1850. The Personal Liberty Laws were designed to make the legal system more fair for all people and to ensure the safety of freedmen and escaped slaves without employing the controversial tactic of nullification. The reasoning behind this decision was simply to avoid more feuding between the northern and southern states. Only two states, New Jersey, and California, gave direct official sanction or assistance to the forced return of fugitive slaves, but Indiana, Illinois and Oregon, did so indirectly, by prohibiting the entrance within their borders of black people either slave or free. However, the United States would still endure a tense and strained relationship between the Northern and Southern states in the years leading up to the civil war.

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 did not provide for trial by jury. Indiana (1824) and Connecticut (1828) enacted laws making jury trials for escaped slaves possible upon appeal. In 1840 Vermont and New York granted fugitives the right of jury trial and provided them with attorneys. After 1842, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act was a federal function, some Northern state governments passed laws forbidding state authorities to cooperate in the capture and return of fugitives. In the reaction to the Fugitive Slave Act contained in the Compromise of 1850, most Northern states provided further guarantees of jury trial, authorized severe punishment for illegal seizure and perjury against alleged fugitives, and forbade state authorities to recognize claims to fugitives. These laws were cited as a justification for secession by Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas in 1860–1.

Causes
The Fugitive Slave Laws of 1793 were grossly unfair to the accused. The intended purpose of the laws was to give slave owners the legal protection when dealing with the problem of escaped slaves. In reality, the Fugitive Slave Laws actually expanded the slave trade. These laws provided the opportunity for slave owners to go into northern states and reclaim previously freed slaves. The laws gave any slave owner the ability to seize an alleged escaped slave, present the slave to a federal or local judge, and, upon proof of ownership, have the slave legally returned to their service. However, the only proof that was required was the testimony of a witness. This meant that many freedmen were taken back into slavery because of rigged courts and injustice. Another reason that the Fugitive Slave Laws created the need to be counteracted by the Personal Liberty Laws, was the threat to those who tried to help a fugitive. The Fugitive Slave Laws placed a five hundred dollar fine on anyone who helped an escaped slave or obstructed a slave owner's attempt to retake a slave. This made it extremely daunting for those who wanted to end slavery by assisting those slaves seeking their freedom. The Personal Liberty Laws sought also to protect the rights of those who didn't want to turn in escaped slaves. In 1850, amendments were made to the Fugitive Slave Laws, which made them even more onerous. These amendments decreed that the alleged fugitive was not allowed to testify at the hearing and federal marshals were financially liable if they did not execute the warrants or if they allowed fugitives to escape. The 1850 amendments also provided Commissioners with twice as much compensation, ten dollars verses five dollars, for granting certificates of ownership as for denying them. Furthermore, penalties were increased for obstructing slave owners or helping fugitives, and included imprisonment. These laws were blatantly unfair, intrusive, and prompted some northern states to introduce the Personal Liberty Laws preemptively to offset the infringements to personal liberties the Fugitive Slave Laws allowed.

Prigg v. Pennsylvania
The case between Edward Prigg and Margret Morgan demonstrated one of the complications that arose out of the fugitive slave laws. The case began when Margret Morgan, a slave to John Ashmore, was granted her freedom. This was not a formal change, merely a promise that she could do as she pleased. After her former owner's death, Ashmore's heirs hired Edward Prigg, a slave catcher, to go to Pennsylvania and bring Margret Morgan, and her children, back with him to Maryland. It was his plan to reinstate them as slaves. The Personal Liberty Law of 1826 decreed that no person could be taken out of the state of Pennsylvania to be held as a slave. Prigg was arrested and tried upon his return to the state with Margret and her family. Prigg argued in front of the Supreme Court that the Personal Liberty Laws were unconstitutional. He argued that the crime that he was being charged for was a perfectly legal act under the constitution. In the end, the Court held that the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause granted Congress authority to pass the Fugitive Slave Act, and that Prigg had acted lawfully under the authority Congress granted slaveholders under that act. Consequently, Pennsylvania had exceeded its authority when it criminalized the conduct done pursuant to federal law for which the Commonwealth had convicted Prigg. In this example, Prigg claimed that he was acting under article IV, section 2, of the Constitution, which clearly states that criminals or fugitives cannot escape punishment or recapture by leaving their state for another. The Personal Liberty Law that had passed in 1826 directly stated that anyone, including escaped slaves, could not be brought into Pennsylvania and kept as a slave. This contradiction made the Personal Liberty Laws controversial.

Threats
Prigg was not the only one to openly attack the Personal Liberty Laws. Many of these laws were ignored by officials of the law and judges. This unequal treatment however did not stop the abolitionists from their fight to win justice for all people. Because most of the abolitionists and supporters of the Personal Liberty Laws resided in the northern states, the controversy added to the already growing rift  between the two halves of the country. The northern states refused to repeal the laws and the southern states were not willing to give up slavery. The end result was the bloodiest war of American history; the Civil War. At the end of this bloody chapter, it was not the Personal Liberty Laws that were changed but the constitution itself.

title: Personal liberty laws


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Category:New York City Subway rolling stock

Rolling stock that is or has been used on the New York City Subway.


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XHFW-FM

XHFW-FM/XEFW-AM is a radio station in Tampico, operating on 88.5 FM. It's owned and operated by Multimedios Radio. 810 AM is a United States clear-channel frequency; KGO and WGY share Class A status on this frequency.

History
XEFW-AM 1240 received its concession in 1932. The 70-watt station owned by José Expedito Martínez until 1937, when the Flores family entered broadcasting by way of a joint partnership with Martínez. XEFW later moved to 810 kHz and ramped up its power to 50,000 watts day and night, earning it the distinction of being a border blaster in the eyes of some.

In the 1980s, XEFW cut its power back to 10,000 watts day and a mere 250 watts at night, later boosted back to 50,000/1,000. The station was now exclusively owned by the Flores family, which had built a local cluster featuring XEFW, AM sister XETW-AM 860, XHON-FM 96.1, and XHFW-TV channel 9.

In 2011, the Flores family took advantage of the government's program to migrate AM stations to FM and converted XEFW into XHFW-FM broadcasting on 106.3 MHz. XHFW was known as La Estrella.

In 2016, the Flores family ceded operation of its radio stations to Multimedios Radio, which converted them to their own formats. XHFW was given the Hits FM pop format. On April 26, 2018, XHFW-FM moved to 88.5 MHz in order to clear 106-108 MHz for community and indigenous stations, as a condition of the renewal of its concession in 2017.

On April 25, 2018, the Federal Telecommunications Institute approved the transfer of XHFW-FM to Radio Centinela, S.A. de C.V., a direct subsidiary of Multimedios Radio.

title: XHFW-FM


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Counties of Lebanon

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. Rje 06:03, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

Counties of Lebanon
Delete, for two reasons: first, County is a very unsuitable name for the districts of Lebanon, since this country doesn't have any counts. Second, another page Districts of Lebanon have the same information (compare it) and have a more suitable name for the political division of Lebanon. 500LL 21:52, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The United States doesn't have counts either, yet every state except Alaska and Lousiana has counties. Nevertheless we don't need this information twice. Merge and Redirect to Districts of Lebanon. --Angr 00:22, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, duplicate information. Megan1967 05:40, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: duplicate article. Wile E. Heresiarch 06:19, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * delete ComCat 01:47, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, redirect to Districts of Lebanon, remember though that counties don't have to have counts (see Counties of Romania) Ronline 11:54, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As above. Carrp | Talk 14:55, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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Eurocypria Airlines

Eurocypria Airlines Limited was a charter airline with its head office in the Artemis Building in Larnaca, Cyprus, owned by the government of Cyprus, operating mostly chartered flights. Its main base was Larnaca International Airport, with a secondary base at Paphos International Airport. On 4 November 2010 it was announced that the airline would file for bankruptcy and cease all flights by 13 November. All flights were suspended by decision of the Board of Directors on 4 November 2010.

History

Eurocypria was established on 25 March 1992 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Cyprus Airways, as the first Cyprus based charter airline. Operations began on 12 June 1992 with two new Airbus A320 aircraft. Two more were added later. Since 2001, the airline has operated scheduled services from Cyprus, and charter flights. In 2003 Eurocypria replaced its Airbus fleet with four new Boeing 737-800 aircraft. Three of its former Airbus A320s were transferred and operated by Cyprus Airways. Two additional units of the same type and configuration were added in 2006. On 28 June 2006, Cyprus Airways sold the share capital of Eurocypria to the Government of Cyprus for CY£13,425,000. The charter arm was sold mostly due to the poor financial situation at Cyprus Airways and because it was one of the few ventures of Cyprus Airways Group to make a profit.

The airline has a long history of operating flights on behalf of Egyptian carrier AMC Airlines between Egypt and Europe.

Bailout
It was announced on 19 February 2010 that the Cyprus Government would inject €35m into Eurocypria's capitalization, to enable the airline to pay off €28m of owed debt and invest in the airline's future. Cyprus Airways stated Eurocypria should shut down as "a small island cannot withstand two state-owned airlines and if they're not shut down, we might both go bust", but the government declined this prospect and the House of Representatives went ahead with the bailout.

Yet the approval of the cash injection for Eurocypria was, as the 'Cyprus Mail' reported on 19 February 2010, "unlikely to be the final word". Anastasios Antoniou LLC, a Law Firm based in Limassol, filed an official complaint on 17 February 2010 with the European Commission regarding the proposed financing of Eurocypria on behalf of a client who wished to remain anonymous. As national daily 'Phileleftheros' reported on 19 February 2010 - based on its own sources - the complainant could be a competitor in the relevant market that has unsuccessfully attempted to enter the market. In a statement issued on 19 February 2010 in response to the media commentary, Anastasios Antoniou LLC explained that the capital injection on the part of the Republic of Cyprus is likely to be in violation of the applicable EU legislation regarding State Aid. The Firm pursued its complaint before the European Commission further in the following months, also filing a request for interim measures on behalf of the Commission pursuant to the provisions of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999.

In June 2010, it was unveiled that two reports, prepared in February 2010 before the capital injection had been approved, were opposed to the bailout. Made public by Finance Minister Charilaos Stavrakis on 10 June 2010, the two reports created a series of debates and rows with the island's political parties, who felt they were misled into approving the money. The first report, carried out by the Accountant-general on February 3, proposed a strict implementation of Eurocypria's business plan to reinforce its profit-making abilities. Meanwhile, it was proposed that a strategic investor be found. Failure to do so by mid-2010, it added, would lead to Eurocypria going bankrupt, in combination with some of its human and material resources being absorbed by national carrier Cyprus Airways. According to the Accountant-general, this would reduce the cost of bankruptcy from €84 million to €55 million. The second report - carried out by technocrats at the Finance Ministry and Planning Office – contradicted Finance Minister Charilaos Stavrakis’ claims that the reports had nothing to do with the €35 million injection, as its conclusions were centred on the specific fund.

In September 2010, Minister of Finance Mr Stavrakis announced that a possible merge of operations between Cyprus Airways and Eurocypria Airlines was under consideration, in an attempt to staunch losses. These considerations were geared, after the disclosure of the 1H2010 troubled financial results of Cyprus Airways Ltd, in which the Government is the major shareholder. European Union rejected this possibility, and Eurocypria ceased operations in November 2010.

Destinations
All flights were suspended on 4 November 2010 and the company entered liquidation by decision of the board of directors.

Fleet
Eurocypria Airlines fleet consisted of the following aircraft as at 1 November 2010:

Erocypria also operated 5 Airbus A320-200

Eurocypria's aircraft were named after a wind and each featured a differently colored tailfin.

In July 2010, the average age of Eurocypria's fleet was 6.1 years.

On 3 September 2010, Eurocypria pilots went on strike due to the government's proposal of reducing Eurocypria's fleet to 4 aircraft in 2011. Finally, all operations ceased on 4 November 2010.

title: Eurocypria Airlines


text: User talk:66.58.77.75

title: User talk:66.58.77.75


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Farkas Bulkmeier

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 14:19, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Farkas Bulkmeier
Almost no info; nothing links to it; doesn't look like candidate for full article. Elf | Talk 21:02, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Somebody's replaced the Vfd tag with a Speedy tag, it's that bad. Three displayed hits. The current content reads as if one sentence from a lengthy and HIGHLY detailed article about absolutely everything known about the Power Rangers universe (canonnical or not) somehow fell off/out, and landed here. Niteowlneils 04:39, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Lake Sharpe

Lake Sharpe is a large reservoir impounded by Big Bend Dam on the Missouri River in central South Dakota, United States. The lake has an area of 56884 acre and a maximum depth of 78 ft. Lake Sharpe is approximately 80 mi long, with a shoreline of 200 mi. Lake Sharpe is the 54th largest reservoir in the United States. The lake starts near Ft. Thompson and stretches upstream to Oahe Dam, near Pierre. The lake is located within the following counties: Buffalo, Lyman, Hyde, Hughes, and Stanley. The Big Bend of the Missouri is about 7 mi north of the dam.

Construction of Big Bend Dam began in 1959, and Lake Sharpe was named for Merrill Q. Sharpe, the 17th Governor of South Dakota.

Species of fish in the reservoir include walleye, sauger, smallmouth bass, channel catfish, flathead catfish, northern pike, white bass, yellow perch, black crappie, and rainbow trout. Walleye are the primary gamefish in the lake, and gizzard shad are the main food source for the walleye. Big game animals include whitetail and mule deer, elk, bison, coyotes and wild turkeys. Waterfowl and upland game birds include ducks, geese, pheasants, prairie chickens, and grouse.

There is over 80,000 acres of public land and water associated around Lake Sharpe. The South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks maintains several recreation areas and boat launching facilities around the lake. West Bend Recreation Area and Farm Island State Recreation Area are both located on the lake.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers maintains recreation areas and wildlife areas near Big Bend Dam, including Left Tailrace Campground.

Much of the western shore of the lake is within the Lower Brule Indian Reservation, while the Crow Creek Indian Reservation lies along the eastern shore. Both tribes lost extensive fertile bottomlands when the government acquired property that would be inundated by the manmade lake. This loss of agricultural lands adversely affected each of the tribes and the ability of their peoples to support themselves on the reservations.

title: Lake Sharpe


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Enter (magazine)

Enter was an American magazine published from October 1983 to May 1985 by Children's Television Workshop (CTW, later renamed Sesame Workshop). The magazine was published ten times per year. Seventeen issues were printed. Similar to sibling titles Sesame Street, The Electric Company, and 3-2-1 Contact magazines, the title was aimed at school-age children.

The focus of the magazine was, as declared on the cover, "The world of computers and new technology". Each issue included programs in the BASIC computer language, which readers could type into their own home computer. Readers were introduced to technological innovations of the day, such as optical disc recording technology, which was new at the time.

Unlike other magazines produced by Children's Television Workshop, Enter did not tie into a television series produced by the organization. Beginning in June 1985, some of its features were folded into 3-2-1 Contact magazine, which printed computer programs as part of an "Enter section" for a short while. This section was later renamed "BASIC training."

title: Enter (magazine)


text: User talk:64.162.188.58

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Match moving

In visual effects, match moving is a technique that allows the insertion of 2D elements, other live action elements or CG computer graphics into live-action footage with correct position, scale, orientation, and motion relative to the photographed objects in the shot. It also allows for the removal of live action elements from the live action shot. The term is used loosely to describe several different methods of extracting camera motion information from a motion picture. Sometimes referred to as motion tracking or camera solving, match moving is related to rotoscoping and photogrammetry. Match moving is sometimes confused with motion capture, which records the motion of objects, often human actors, rather than the camera. Typically, motion capture requires special cameras and sensors and a controlled environment (although recent developments such as the Kinect camera and Apple's Face ID have begun to change this). Match moving is also distinct from motion control photography, which uses mechanical hardware to execute multiple identical camera moves. Match moving, by contrast, is typically a software-based technology, applied after the fact to normal footage recorded in uncontrolled environments with an ordinary camera.

Match moving is primarily used to track the movement of a camera through a shot so that an identical virtual camera move can be reproduced in a 3D animation program. When new animated elements are composited back into the original live-action shot, they will appear in perfectly matched perspective and therefore appear seamless.

As it is mostly software-based, match moving has become increasingly affordable as the cost of computer power has declined; it is now an established visual-effects tool and is even used in live television broadcasts as part of providing effects such as the yellow virtual down-line in American football.

Principle
The process of match moving can be broken down into two steps.

Tracking
The first step is identifying and tracking features. A feature is a specific point in the image that a tracking algorithm can lock onto and follow through multiple frames (SynthEyes calls them blips). Often features are selected because they are bright/dark spots, edges or corners depending on the particular tracking algorithm. Popular programs use template matching based on NCC score and RMS error. What is important is that each feature represents a specific point on the surface of a real object. As a feature is tracked it becomes a series of two-dimensional coordinates that represent the position of the feature across a series of frames. This series is referred to as a "track". Once tracks have been created they can be used immediately for 2-D motion tracking, or then be used to calculate 3-D information.

Calibration
The second step involves solving for 3D motion. This process attempts to derive the motion of the camera by solving the inverse-projection of the 2-D paths for the position of the camera. This process is referred to as calibration.

When a point on the surface of a three-dimensional object is photographed, its position in the 2-D frame can be calculated by a 3-D projection function. We can consider a camera to be an abstraction that holds all the parameters necessary to model a camera in a real or virtual world. Therefore, a camera is a vector that includes as its elements the position of the camera, its orientation, focal length, and other possible parameters that define how the camera focuses light onto the film plane. Exactly how this vector is constructed is not important as long as there is a compatible projection function P.

The projection function P takes as its input a camera vector (denoted camera ) and another vector the position of a 3-D point in space (denoted xyz ) and returns a 2D point that has been projected onto a plane in front of the camera (denoted XY ). We can express this:

 * XY = P( camera, xyz )

The projection function transforms the 3-D point and strips away the component of depth. Without knowing the depth of the component an inverse projection function can only return a set of possible 3D points, that form a line emanating from the nodal point of the camera lens and passing through the projected 2-D point. We can express the inverse projection as:

 * xyz ∈ P'( camera, XY )

or

 * { xyz :P( camera, xyz ) = XY }

Let's say we are in a situation where the features we are tracking are on the surface of a rigid object such as a building. Since we know that the real point xyz will remain in the same place in real space from one frame of the image to the next we can make the point a constant even though we do not know where it is. So:

 * xyz i = xyz j

where the subscripts i and j refer to arbitrary frames in the shot we are analyzing. Since this is always true then we know that:

 * P'( camera i, XY i) ∩ P'( camera j, XY j) ≠ {}

Because the value of XY i has been determined for all frames that the feature is tracked through by the tracking program, we can solve the reverse projection function between any two frames as long as P'( camera i, XY i) ∩ P'( camera j, XY j) is a small set. Set of possible camera vectors that solve the equation at i and j (denoted Cij).

 * Cij = {( camera i, camera j):P'( camera i, XY i) ∩ P'( camera j, XY j) ≠ {})

So there is a set of camera vector pairs Cij for which the intersection of the inverse projections of two points XY i and XY j is a non-empty, hopefully small, set centering on a theoretical stationary point xyz.

In other words, imagine a black point floating in a white void and a camera. For any position in space that we place the camera, there is a set of corresponding parameters (orientation, focal length, etc.) that will photograph that black point exactly the same way. Since C has an infinite number of members, one point is never enough to determine the actual camera position.

As we start adding tracking points, we can narrow the possible camera positions. For example, if we have a set of points { xyz i,0,..., xyz i,n} and { xyz j,0,..., xyz j,n} where i and j still refer to frames and n is an index to one of many tracking points we are following. We can derive a set of camera vector pair sets {Ci,j,0,...,Ci,j,n}.

In this way multiple tracks allow us to narrow the possible camera parameters. The set of possible camera parameters that fit, F, is the intersection of all sets:

 * F = Ci,j,0 ∩ ... ∩ Ci,j,n

The fewer elements are in this set the closer we can come to extracting the actual parameters of the camera. In reality errors introduced to the tracking process require a more statistical approach to determining a good camera vector for each frame, optimization algorithms and bundle block adjustment are often utilized. Unfortunately there are so many elements to a camera vector that when every parameter is free we still might not be able to narrow F down to a single possibility no matter how many features we track. The more we can restrict the various parameters, especially focal length, the easier it becomes to pinpoint the solution.

In all, the 3D solving process is the process of narrowing down the possible solutions to the motion of the camera until we reach one that suits the needs of the composite we are trying to create.

Point-cloud projection
Once the camera position has been determined for every frame it is then possible to estimate the position of each feature in real space by inverse projection. The resulting set of points is often referred to as a point cloud because of its raw appearance like a nebula. Since point clouds often reveal some of the shape of the 3-D scene they can be used as a reference for placing synthetic objects or by a reconstruction program to create a 3-D version of the actual scene.

Ground-plane determination
The camera and point cloud need to be oriented in some kind of space. Therefore, once calibration is complete, it is necessary to define a ground plane. Normally, this is a unit plane that determines the scale, orientation and origin of the projected space. Some programs attempt to do this automatically, though more often the user defines this plane. Since shifting ground planes does a simple transformation of all of the points, the actual position of the plane is really a matter of convenience.

Reconstruction
3-D reconstruction is the interactive process of recreating a photographed object using tracking data. This technique is related to photogrammetry. In this particular case we are referring to using match moving software to reconstruct a scene from incidental footage.

A reconstruction program can create three-dimensional objects that mimic the real objects from the photographed scene. Using data from the point cloud and the user's estimation, the program can create a virtual object and then extract a texture from the footage that can be projected onto the virtual object as a surface texture.

2-D vs. 3-D
Match moving has two forms. Some compositing programs, such as Shake, Adobe Substance, Adobe After Effects, and Discreet Combustion, include two-dimensional motion tracking capabilities. Two dimensional match moving only tracks features in two-dimensional space, without any concern to camera movement or distortion. It can be used to add motion blur or image stabilization effects to footage. This technique is sufficient to create realistic effects when the original footage does not include major changes in camera perspective. For example, a billboard deep in the background of a shot can often be replaced using two-dimensional tracking.

Three-dimensional match moving tools make it possible to extrapolate three-dimensional information from two-dimensional photography. These tools allow users to derive camera movement and other relative motion from arbitrary footage. The tracking information can be transferred to computer graphics software and used to animate virtual cameras and simulated objects. Programs capable of 3-D match moving include:
 * 3DEqualizer from Science.D.Visions (which won an Academy Award for Technical Achievement)
 * Blender (open source; uses libmv)
 * Voodoo
 * ACTS an automatic camera tracking with dense depth recovery system for handling image/video sequences
 * LS-ACTS a robust and efficient structure-from-motion system which can handle large image/video sequence datasets in near real-time and robustly work in challenging cases (e.g. loopback sequences and multiple sequences)
 * VISCODA VooCAT
 * Icarus (University of Manchester research project, now discontinued but still popular)
 * Maya MatchMover
 * The Pixel Farm PFTrack, PFMatchit, PFHoe (based on PFTrack algorithms)
 * KeenTools GeoTracker, PinTool
 * SynthEyes by Andersson Technologies
 * Boujou (which won an Emmy award in 2002)
 * NukeX from The Foundry
 * CameraTracker (a plug-in for Adobe After Effects) from The Foundry.
 * VideoTrace from Punchcard (software for generating 3D models from video and images)
 * IXIR 2D Track Editor It is capable of 2D tracks and Mask files of software like 3D Equalizer, PFTrack, Boujou, SynthEyes, Matchmover, Movimento, Nuke, Shake, Fusion, After Effects, Combustion, Mocha, Silhouette
 * mocha Pro from Imagineer Systems, Planar Tracker-based utility for post production
 * fayIN a plug-in for Adobe After Effects from fayteq (acquired by Facebook in 2017)
 * Meshroom from Alicevision, a free and open-source photogrammetry application that also allows users to export an animated camera along with a 3D reconstruction of a scene

Automatic vs. interactive tracking
There are two methods by which motion information can be extracted from an image. Interactive tracking, sometimes referred to as "supervised tracking", relies on the user to follow features through a scene. Automatic tracking relies on computer algorithms to identify and track features through a shot. The tracked points movements are then used to calculate a "solution". This solution is composed of all the camera's information such as the motion, focal length, and lens distortion.

The advantage of automatic tracking is that the computer can create many points faster than a human can. A large number of points can be analyzed with statistics to determine the most reliable data. The disadvantage of automatic tracking is that, depending on the algorithm, the computer can be easily confused as it tracks objects through the scene. Automatic tracking methods are particularly ineffective in shots involving fast camera motion such as that seen with hand-held camera work and in shots with repetitive subject matter like small tiles or any sort of regular pattern where one area is not very distinct. This tracking method also suffers when a shot contains a large amount of motion blur, making the small details it needs harder to distinguish.

The advantage of interactive tracking is that a human user can follow features through an entire scene and will not be confused by features that are not rigid. A human user can also determine where features are in a shot that suffers from motion blur; it is extremely difficult for an automatic tracker to correctly find features with high amounts of motion blur. The disadvantage of interactive tracking is that the user will inevitably introduce small errors as they follow objects through the scene, which can lead to what is called "drift".

Professional-level motion tracking is usually achieved using a combination of interactive and automatic techniques. An artist can remove points that are clearly anomalous and use "tracking mattes" to block confusing information out of the automatic tracking process. Tracking mattes are also employed to cover areas of the shot which contain moving elements such as an actor or a spinning ceiling fan.

Tracking mattes
A tracking matte is similar in concept to a garbage matte used in traveling matte compositing. However, the purpose of a tracking matte is to prevent tracking algorithms from using unreliable, irrelevant, or non-rigid tracking points. For example, in a scene where an actor walks in front of a background, the tracking artist will want to use only the background to track the camera through the scene, knowing that motion of the actor will throw off the calculations. In this case, the artist will construct a tracking matte to follow the actor through the scene, blocking that information from the tracking process.

Refining
Since there are often multiple possible solutions to the calibration process and a significant amount of error can accumulate, the final step to match moving often involves refining the solution by hand. This could mean altering the camera motion itself or giving hints to the calibration mechanism. This interactive calibration is referred to as "refining".

Most match moving applications are based on similar algorithms for tracking and calibration. Often, the initial results obtained are similar. However, each program has different refining capabilities.

Real time
On-set, real-time camera tracking is becoming more widely used in feature film production to allow elements that will be inserted in post-production be visualised live on-set. This has the benefit of helping the director and actors improve performances by actually seeing set extensions or CGI characters whilst (or shortly after) they do a take. No longer do they need to perform to green/blue screens and have no feedback of the result. Eye-line references, actor positioning, and CGI interaction can now be done live on-set giving everyone confidence that the shot is correct and going to work in the final composite.

To achieve this, a number of components from hardware to software need to be combined. Software collects all of the 360 degrees of freedom movement of the camera as well as metadata such as zoom, focus, iris and shutter elements from many different types of hardware devices, ranging from motion capture systems such as active LED marker based system from PhaseSpace, passive systems such as Motion Analysis or Vicon, to rotary encoders fitted to camera cranes and dollies such as Technocranes and Fisher Dollies, or inertia & gyroscopic sensors mounted directly to the camera. There are also laser based tracking systems that can be attached to anything, including Steadicams, to track cameras outside in the rain at distances of up to 30 meters.

Motion control cameras can also be used as a source or destination for 3D camera data. Camera moves can be pre-visualised in advance and then converted into motion control data that drives a camera crane along precisely the same path as the 3-D camera. Encoders on the crane can also be used in real time on-set to reverse this process to generate live 3D cameras. The data can be sent to any number of different 3D applications, allowing 3D artists to modify their CGI elements live on set as well. The main advantage being that set design issues that would be time-consuming and costly issues later down the line can be sorted out during the shooting process, ensuring that the actors "fit" within each environment for each shot whilst they do their performances.

Real time motion capture systems can also be mixed within camera data stream allowing virtual characters to be inserted into live shots on-set. This dramatically improves the interaction between real and non-real MoCap driven characters as both plate and CGI performances can be choreographed together.

title: Match moving


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Passport to Eternity

Passport to Eternity is a collection of science fiction short stories by British writer J. G. Ballard.

Contents

 * "The Man on the 99th Floor"
 * "Thirteen to Centaurus"
 * "Track 12"
 * "The Watch Towers"
 * "A Question of Re-Entry"
 * "Escapement"
 * "The Thousand Dreams of Stellavista"
 * "The Cage of Sand"
 * "Passport to Eternity"

title: Passport to Eternity


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Edo van Belkom

Edo van Belkom (born 1962) is a Canadian author of horror fiction.

Early life and education
Edo van Belkom was born in Toronto, Ontario, in 1962. he graduated from York University with an honors degree in creative writing. He worked as a full-time journalist for five years, first as a sports reporter at The Brampton Times from 1987 to 1990, then as a police reporter with the North York Mirror for two months, and then he had the position of assistant sports editor for the Cambridge Reporter. He re-evaluated his career and his finances and then became a full-time freelance writer in 1992. He has also taught short story writing for the Peel Board of Education, was an instructor at Sheridan College, and has lectured on horror and fantasy writing at the University of Toronto and Ryerson University.

Early in his career, he admired writers such as Kurt Vonnegut and Ray Bradbury before deciding that the horror genre was the best fit for him.

Career
Van Belkom is the author of the Dragonlance setting novel Lord Soth (1997), and the novels Wyrm Wolf, Mister Magick, Teeth, Martyrs, Scream Queen, Army of the Dead and Wolf Pack, amongst others. He is also the editor of Aurora Awards: An Anthology of Prize-Winning Science Fiction (1999).

He has published about 200 stories of science fiction, fantasy, horror and mystery in such magazines as Parsec, Storyteller, On Spec and RPM, and the anthologies Northern Frights 1, 2, 3, 4, Shock Rock 2, Fear Itself, Hot Blood 4, 6, Dark Destiny, Crossing the Line, Truth Until Paradox, Alternate Tyrants (where his story "The October Crisis" was featured), The Conspiracy Filed, Brothers of the Night, Robert Bloch's Psychos, The Year's Best Horror Stories 20 and Best American Erotica 1999. His short story collection, Death Drives a Semi, which includes twenty of his stories, was published by Quarry Press in 1998. His non-fiction book, Northern Dreamers: Interviews with Famous Authors of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror, published by Quarry Press in 1998, has interviews with twenty-two of the best writers in Canada. He also wrote a how-to book, Writing Horror.

He was hired as an on-air host at Scream TV in 2001.

Van Belkom has been described by the Vancouver Sun as "one of Canada's leading writers of erotica", mostly under the pseudonym Evan Hollander. He wrote the how-to book Writing Erotica (2001).

Outside of the horror genre, for several years he wrote a magazine serial for Truck News that recounts the adventures of a former private investigator who becomes a trucker.

Awards
Wyrm Wolf is a Locus bestseller and a finalist for the 1995 Bram Stoker Award for Best First Novel. In 1997, he won the Bram Stoker Award for Short Fiction from the Horror Writers Association for "Rat Food" (co-authored with David Nickle). His story, "The Rug" was a 1998 Stoker finalist. Other stories have twice been nominated for both the Aurora Award and the Arthur Ellis Award (presented by the Crime Writers of Canada). He has also won the Ontario Library Association's Silver Birch award.

Personal life
He lives in Brampton, Ontario, with his wife Roberta and son Luke. Roberta is a librarian.

title: Edo van Belkom


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BEG

BEG may refer to:

Transportation

 * BEG, IATA code for Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport in Serbia
 * Bayerische Eisenbahngesellschaft, the state rail transport authority for Bavaria
 * Belgrave railway station, Melbourne

Other uses

 * Bengal Engineer Group or Bombay Engineer Group, regiments of the Corps of Engineers of the Indian Army
 * Brown Eyed Girls, a South Korean girl group

title: BEG


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Diavik Diamond Mine

The Diavik Diamond Mine is a diamond mine in the North Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, about 300 km northeast of Yellowknife.

Description
Diavik Diamond Mine is an industrial complex set in a remote, subarctic landscape. It consists of four kimberlite pipes associated with the Lac de Gras kimberlite field and is located on an island 20 km2 in Lac de Gras informally known as East Island. It is about 220 km south of the Arctic Circle.

In the 2015 satellite image below, one can see the two main open pits, waste rock pile, and an airstrip capable of landing aircraft as large as Boeing 737s and C130 Hercules. The complex also houses processing, power and boiler plants, fuel tanks, water and sewage processing facilities, maintenance shop, administrative buildings, and accommodations for workers. It is connected to points south by an ice road and Diavik Airport with a 5234 ft gravel runway regularly accommodating Boeing 737 jet aircraft.

Commercial importance
The mine is owned by a joint venture between the Rio Tinto Group (60%) and Dominion Diamond Corporation (40%), and is operated by Yellowknife-based Diavik Diamond Mines Inc., a subsidiary of Rio Tinto Group. Commercial production commenced in 2003, and the lifespan of the mine is expected to be 16 to 22 years. It has become an important part of the regional economy, employing 1,000, and producing approximately 7 million carats (1,400 kg) of diamonds annually.

History
The area was surveyed in 1992 and construction began in 2001, with production commencing in January 2003. In 2006, the ice road from Yellowknife to the Diavik mine, and neighbouring mines, froze late and thawed early. The Diavik mine was unable to truck in all the supplies needed for the rest of 2006 before the road closed and arrangements had to be made to bring the remainder of the supplies in by air. Subsequent annual ice road resupply has been completed as planned.

On July 5, 2007, a consortium of seven mining companies, including Rio Tinto, announced they are sponsoring environmental impact studies to construct a deep-water port in Bathurst Inlet. Their plans include building a 211 km road connecting the port to their mines. The port would serve vessels of up to 25,000 tonnes.

In March 2010, underground mining began at the mine. The transition from open pit to underground mining was completed in September 2012.

In September 2012, Diavik completed construction of the Northwest Territories' first large scale wind farm. The four turbine, 9.2 megawatt facility provides 11 per cent (2015) of the Diavik mine's annual power needs and operates at 98% availability. Diesel fuel offset is about 5 e6l per year. Diavik operates the world's largest wind diesel hybrid power facility at its remote off-grid mine. The wind farm, operational down to -40 C, sets a new benchmark in cold-climate renewable energy.

In 2015, $US350 million was announced to fund the exploitation of a fourth kimberlite pipe ore body, known as A21. Construction of the A21 rockfill dike (like the other three ore bodies, A21 kimberlite pipe is under shallow waters of Lac de Gras) is expected to be complete in 2018 with first diamonds expected in the fall of that year. To build the dike, Diavik will use the same technologies as were used to build the A154 and A418 dikes.

In December 2015, Rio Tinto announced discovery of the 187.7 carat Diavik Foxfire diamond, one of the largest rough gem quality diamonds ever produced in Canada. The Diavik Foxfire was bestowed an indigenous name, Noi?eh Kwe, which, in the Tlicho First Nation language means caribou crossing stone.

In October 2018, a yellow diamond of 552 carat was found at the mine. This is the largest diamond ever found in North America.

On January 23, 2024, a Northwestern Air charter flight carrying workers to the mine crashed shortly after takeoff from Fort Smith Airport, killing six people and injuring one.

title: Diavik Diamond Mine


text: File:Secant.png

title: File:Secant.png


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User talk:Matevzk

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alai 21:09, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Matevzk


text:
Diavik

Diavik may refer to:

 * Diavik Diamond Mine, in Canada's Northwest Territories
 * Diavik Airport, that serves the Diavik Diamond Mine

title: Diavik


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Recent additions 20

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was N/A (vandalism issue, several vandalbot revisions speedy deleted) jni 09:08, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Recent additions 20
Spam Dub4u 21:11, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Nomination vandalized by anonymous user:83.25.94.242. Delete.  Rossami (talk) 00:23, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, article on "housewife pictures" is un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 05:39, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: The nomination was again vandalized - this time, by anonymous user:201.2.252.89. Discussion restored. Rossami (talk) 15:00, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Nomination vandalized again. Same pattern. This time by anonymous user:84.133.94.13.  Help.  Rossami (talk) 23:05, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Carrp | Talk 14:55, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment This is one of the pages attacked by the Russian spambot, and has been speedied several times and recreated by the bot. See Category:Protected against spambots for a description of the bot. -- Curps 15:41, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Note this page is currently unused, but will eventually be used (see Recent additions 19, Recent additions 18, etc.), so this VfD should not entail an automatic re-delete when the page is created with legitimate content in the future. -- Curps 15:41, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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John Wayles Eppes

John Wayles Eppes (April 1772 –September 13, 1823) was an American lawyer and politician. He represented Virginia in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1803 to 1811 and again from 1813 to 1815. He also served in the U.S. Senate (1817–1819). His positions in Congress occurred after he served in the Virginia House of Delegates representing Chesterfield County (1801–1803).

Early life and education
Eppes was born in April 1772 at Eppington, in Chesterfield County in the Colony of Virginia, the sixth child and only son of Elizabeth (née Wayles) and Francis Eppes, who would serve one term in the House of Delegates a decade later. A member of the First Families of Virginia, he was related through both his parents to Martha Jefferson, his mother's half-sister and the wife of Thomas Jefferson, with whom Eppes was close.

After being taught by tutors as was customary in his planter class, Eppes attended the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, and graduated from Hampden–Sydney College in Virginia in 1786. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1794, commencing practice in the state capital, Richmond.

Marriage and family
Eppes married his first cousin Mary Jefferson (known as "Polly" in childhood and "Maria" as an adult) on October 13, 1797, at Monticello. They resided at Mont Blanco plantation in Chesterfield County, Virginia.

After several miscarriages, Maria and John had three children:

 * Unnamed daughter Eppes (December 31, 1799 – January 1800)
 * Francis Wayles Eppes (September 20, 1801 – May 30, 1881)
 * Maria Jefferson Eppes (February 15, 1804 – February 1806)

Mary died at Monticello on April 17, 1804, two months after the birth of Maria, and is buried there.

On April 15, 1809, Eppes married Martha Burke Jones, daughter of Willie Jones, a prominent North Carolina planter and politician. They had six children.

Betsy Hemmings
After Mary's death, Eppes moved his household and slaves from Mont Blanco to another of his plantations called Millbrook in Buckingham County, Virginia. Among the slaves was Betsy Hemmings, the mixed-race daughter of Mary Hemings and granddaughter of Betty Hemings. According to her descendants, Hemmings became a concubine to Eppes in a relationship that began when he was a young widower. She bore his son, Joseph, likely named for her brother. She named their daughter Frances, a name traditional among men in the Eppes family. She lived at Milbrook for the rest of her life, and when she died in 1857, was buried next to John Wayles Eppes in the family cemetery there.

Political career
Eppes was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1801 to 1803 alongside Matthew Cheatham. On March 4, 1803, he won election as a Democratic-Republican to the Eighth United States Congress and the next three succeeding Congresses, so he was frequently away from his plantations. He chaired the Ways and Means Committee for the Eleventh Congress but lost his re-election attempt so did not serve in the Twelfth, but instead spent the next two years at his Milbrook plantation.

Eppes won election to the Thirteenth Congress (March 4, 1813 – March 4, 1815) and again chaired the Committee on Ways and Means. After losing the election to the Fourteenth Congress, he was elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1817, until December 4, 1819, when he resigned because of ill health. He chaired the Committee on Finance during the second session of the Fifteenth Congress.

Retirement and death
Late in life Eppes suffered from various ailments. He died at Millbrook on September 13, 1823, and was buried in the Eppes family cemetery at Millbrook.

title: John Wayles Eppes


text:
Talk:UltraEdit

Unicode Support
UltraEdit can open unicode file names (at least middle-European and Nordic) - it does not open file names containing Kanji only, and mixed Kanji/ASCII7 as 8.3 (Windows XP, UEStudio 9). It has full support for UTF8/16 (both BE and LE), including support for decomposed characters (interestingly enough, the "ḱṷṓn (U+006B U+0301 U+0075 U+032D U+006F U+0304 U+0301 U+006E" Comparing precomposed and decomposed characters example is displayed correctly, unlike in most of the browsers I've seen so far). 84.63.240.214 (talk) 01:21, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

I find that it opens files the name of which is entirely in Kanji without any problem.Bellthorpe (talk) 11:15, 21 March 2011 (UTC)

About License
What is the license of UltraEdit? Zhangyunfan 22:08, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Not free or open source if that is what you want to know. 2 seconds of Google-Fu. — RevRagnarok  Talk Contrib 01:51, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

This is not spam!
There are a lot of FLOSS fanatics on Wikipedia trying to label every article covering a commercial software product not made by Microsoft / Apple as spam, often resulting in edit wars. Some little open source project used by only a handful of people gets a detailed article, but a product that's been used by over a million people, like UltraEdit is labeled for speedy deletion. If this continues, it will become a major liability for Wikipedia's reputation in the future. -AlexLibman 23:26, 15 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Agree; I doubt those who put this up for deletion are programmers at all.Springbreak04 19:32, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

New section requested: Releases
It would be nice with a section named "Releases" with a least version numbers and release dates for the various versions of UltraEdit.

Example, for Eclipse.

--Mortense (talk) 18:20, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

I'm surprised this section is still not included. I checked the mfg website and Wikipedia and cannot find version release dates nor end-of-life dates for versions.

--kbachman 5/15/2017 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.177.52.245 (talk) 18:40, 15 May 2017 (UTC)

Respected program
Rather surprised that there's no mention of how respected this program is within the hacking community. Ultraedit is used as one of the tutorials on many hacking sites as an advanced example of how to obtain a registration code. And then afterwards, students are encouraged to register the program since it's a very good tool and the respect many have towards it. I know I registered my copy way back when I first started out and renew with every new version that comes out just to support the author. (And that's with living on a disability check.)

Also it;s one of the few editors, at least that I've been able to find, that can handle very large multiple meg files. Most editors choke on them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.131.155.12 (talk) 13:43, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:UltraEdit


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Consultative Group on Indonesia

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETED (vandalism). jni 09:05, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Consultative Group on Indonesia
Spam Dub4u 21:13, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Page blanked already. Remove VfD notice and treat as if it's been deleted.  Speedy if necessary; I'm not quite sure of the protocol there.  --Idont Havaname 00:07, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, Dub4u blanked the page when the VfD tag was added (a mistake). The original contents were To be informed on housewifes picture the housewifes picture ! [URL deleted to avoid triggering spam filter]  which, in context of the article's title and "what links here", I am speedy-deleting as vandalism.  I do think that a serious article on this group could be encyclopedic.  For some reason, this article is a very frequent target for this same kind of vandalism.  Rossami (talk) 00:16, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, obvious vandalism. Megan1967 09:31, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment This is one of the pages attacked by the Russian spambot, and has been speedied several times and recreated by the bot. See Category:Protected against spambots for a description of the bot. -- Curps 15:41, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text: Category:High schools in Connecticut

title: Category:High schools in Connecticut


text:
Talk:Bulgarian-Vlach Kingdom

the following is a personal crusade of user:VMORO

The Bulgarian-Vlach Kingdoms of Wallachia and Moldova were two medieval states which got independent in the middle of the 14th century, to become vassals of the Ottoman Empire in 1453.

''The two states were populated by both Bulgarians and Vlachs, the official language of the state and church was, however, only Bulgarian, well until the 17th century when the Bulgarians were eventually assimilated by the Vlach majority. The trace of the Bulgarian population can, however, be clearly seen in the predominantly Slavic toponyms of Wallachia - for example, the name of the old capital of Wallachia, Targovishte (bul. "marketplace).''

title: Talk:Bulgarian-Vlach Kingdom


text:
Miss Kitty (disambiguation)

Miss Kitty is a ring name of professional wrestler Stacy Carter.

Miss Kitty may also refer to:

 * Miss Kitty, a character portrayed by Amy Irving in the animated film An American Tail: Fievel Goes West
 * Miss Kitty Mouse, an entertainer portrayed by Melissa Manchester in The Great Mouse Detective
 * Miss Kitty Russell, a character in the radio and television series Gunsmoke
 * Miss Kitty, a sculpture by Paolo Schmidlin

title: Miss Kitty (disambiguation)


text:
Ross Shafer

Ross Alan Shafer (born December 10, 1954) is an American comedian, network television host, and motivational and leadership speaker/consultant. He has authored nine business books, and earned six Emmys as a network talk and game show host.

Biography
Born in McMinnville, Oregon, Shafer graduated from Federal Way High School in Federal Way, Washington. As a high school All-Conference football player, he received a scholarship to play linebacker for the University of Puget Sound in Tacoma, Washington, where he earned a business marketing degree.

Shafer said, "I had trouble finding anything that I was passionate about, or that made me happy." He then opened a "combination pet and stereo store". His first act came in the form of a community play; afterward, he tried out for a stand-up comedy competition.

From 1984 to 1989, Shafer hosted the local Seattle-based talk and comedy show, Almost Live!, and also hosted Fox's late night talk show, The Late Show.

In the 1986–1987 season, Shafer hosted the Canadian game show Love Me Love Me Not. It also aired in the United States on the USA Network and ended after one season of 130 episodes.

From 1990 to 1991, Shafer hosted a short-lived revival of Match Game on ABC.

Ross works as a keynote speaker and leadership coach in the areas of market share growth, customer friction, and workforce motivator.

title: Ross Shafer


text:
Talk:John Wayles Eppes

Untitled
The text of article was obtained from public domain site. Darwinek 22:14, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:John Wayles Eppes


text:
Commonwealth Club

Commonwealth Club may refer to:

Organizations

 * Commonwealth Club of California, in San Francisco, America's oldest public affairs forum
 * Commonwealth Club (Australia), a private members' club in Canberra founded by Frank Lukis
 * The Commonwealth Club, a private gentlemen's club in Richmond, Virginia, US
 * Commonwealth Club, formerly a private members' club of the Royal Commonwealth Society

title: Commonwealth Club


text:
Irish conjugation

Irish verb forms are constructed either synthetically or analytically.

Synthetic forms express the information about person and number in the ending: e.g., molaim "I praise", where the ending -aim stands for "1st person singular present". In this case, a pronoun is not allowed: *molaim mé is ungrammatical. Molann mé is allowed but using the -aim ending is more common.

Analytic forms are those whose endings contain no information about person and number, and a pronoun is necessary: e.g., molann sibh "you (pl.) praise", where the ending -ann expresses only the present tense, and the pronoun sibh "you" (pl.) must accompany it in order to express "2nd person plural".

In addition to the three persons, Irish also has an impersonal form (also called the "autonomous" form), which is used in forming the passive and can conveniently be translated with "one" or "someone" as the subject. Shown below are the distribution of synthetic and analytic forms in the standard language; in the dialects, other patterns may be found, although some of the most important distinctions made in certain dialects are pointed out in this article.

See Irish orthography for the pronunciation of verb endings.

Regular verbs
There are two conjugation classes of regular verbs, as illustrated below. Forms in italics are not part of the standard language. The suffixes shown change to agree with the word ending in a velarised ("broad") consonant or palatalised ("slender") consonant. In the examples below, verbs ending with "broad" consonants are shown above those ending with "slender" consonants.

In the imperfect, preterite, and conditional, a consonant-initial stem undergoes lenition (and dialectally is preceded by do), while a vowel-initial stem is prefixed by d’. A stem beginning with + a vowel takes both, e.g. fan "wait", d'fhan sé "he waited". The preterite impersonal, e.g. fanadh "one waited", neither undergoes lenition nor receives d'. The -- in future and conditional stems is pronounced ; except in the conditional 2nd person singular and the impersonal, where it remains.

2nd conjugation
Second stem verbs take the same base suffixes as first conjugation verbs, but add the infix in -- (most forms), or -- (in the future and conditional).

Roots ending in a slender consonant undergo syncope before the addition of --.

Irregular verbs
There are eleven irregular verbs in Standard Irish; individual dialects have a few more. Most of them are characterized by suppletion, that is, different roots are used to form different tenses. Analytic forms are indicated by the symbol +. The preterites of many irregular verbs take the nonpreterite forms of preverbal particles, i.e. an (interrogative particle) and ní (negative particle), instead of ar (pret. interrogative particle) and níor (pret. negative particle). Some verbs have different independent and dependent forms in certain tenses; the independent forms are used when no particle precedes the verb, and also after má "if" (open conditional) and the direct relative particle a, while the dependent forms are used after all other particles.

Abair "to say"
The - in this verb's independent forms is not lenited, and the dependent forms are slightly archaic.

Bí "to be"
If a noun phrase is in the predicate, then forms of the particle "is" are used rather than anything below.

Clois/Cluin "to hear"
Clois is used in southern and south-central Irish (Munster, Connemara, Aran Islands etc.), whereas cluin is used in northern and north-central varieties (Mayo, Ulster).

Faigh "to find, to get"
The - in forms of this verb is eclipsed rather than lenited after ní.

Tabhair "to give, to bring, (to be named)"
The meaning "to be named" is often found in writings and can therefore be considered as strange for learners. When meaning "to be named" the verbform is usually followed by the preposition "ar", which is also inflected due to the person it is connected with. e.g.:
 * Bhí Seán, mar a thugtaí air, an-shásta. "Seán, as he was (usually) called, was very happy."
 * Tá Seán ag tabhairt an úill dom. "Seán is giving me the apple."

Preverbal particles
Irish uses a number of preverbal particles to modify the meaning of a sentence. In a positive statement, no particle is used and the verb comes first (except in Munster Irish where do is placed before verbs in the past, habitual past and conditional, leniting the verb that follows). This is still seen in the Standard Language in said tenses, prefixed to verbs beginning with vowels, e.g. d'ól mé (Munster Irish: d'ólas) "I drank":
 * Tuigeann Seán Gaeilge. "Seán understands Irish."
 * Thuig Seán Gaeilge. "Seán understood Irish."
 * Thuigfeadh Seán Gaeilge. "Seán would understand Irish."

Negative particles
To negate a statement, the particle ní is used, which causes lenition; a before a vowel or lenited  is omitted: In the preterite, the particle níor is used. There is lenition but no d’. (In Ulster, the negative particles cha(n), pret. char are also used)
 * Ní thuigeann Seán Gaeilge. "Seán doesn't understand Irish."
 * Ní thuigfeadh Seán Gaeilge. "Seán wouldn't understand Irish."
 * Ní ólfadh Séamas an bainne. "Séamas would not drink the milk." (cf. D'ólfadh Séamas an bainne. "Séamas would drink the milk.")
 * Ní fhanfadh Úna liom. "Úna would not wait for me." (cf. D'fhanfadh Úna liom. "Úna would wait for me.")
 * Níor thuig Seán Gaeilge. "Seán didn't understand Irish."
 * Níor ól Séamas an bainne. "Séamas didn't drink the milk." (cf. D'ól Séamas an bainne. "Séamas drank the milk.")
 * Níor fhan Úna liom. "Úna didn't wait for me." (cf. D'fhan Úna liom. "Úna waited for me.")

Interrogative particles
To pose a simple yes/no question, the particle an is used, which causes eclipsis (no eclipsis of vowels, because an already ends with ). In the preterite ar (+ lenition) is used. The prefix d’ is omitted:
 * An dtuigeann Seán Gaeilge? "Does Seán understand Irish?"
 * An dtuigfeadh Seán Gaeilge? "Would Seán understand Irish?"
 * An ólann Séamas bainne? "Does Séamas drink milk?"
 * An bhfanfadh Úna liom? "Would Úna wait for me?"
 * Ar thuig Seán Gaeilge? "Did Seán understand Irish?"
 * Ar ól Séamas an bainne? "Did Séamas drink the milk?"
 * Ar fhan Úna liom? "Did Úna wait for me?"

These particles are also used to introduce an indirect question:
 * Níl a fhios agam an dtuigeann Seán Gaeilge. "I don't know if Seán understands Irish."
 * Ní mé ar ól Séamas an bainne. "I wonder if Séamas drank the milk."

Negative interrogative particles
To pose a negative yes/no question, the particle nach is used, which causes eclipsis (in preterite: nár + lenition): (In Munster ná is used instead of nach.)
 * Nach dtuigeann Seán Gaeilge? "Doesn't Seán understand Irish?"
 * Nach dtuigfeadh Seán Gaeilge? "Wouldn't Seán understand Irish?"
 * Nach n-ólfadh Séamas an bainne? "Wouldn't Séamas drink the milk?"
 * Nach bhfanfadh Úna liom? "Wouldn't Úna wait for me?"
 * Nár thuig Seán Gaeilge? "Didn't Seán understand Irish?"
 * Nár ól Séamas an bainne? "Didn't Séamas drink the milk?"
 * Nár fhan Úna liom? "Didn't Úna wait for me?"

Wh-interrogative particles
To pose a wh-question, one of the interrogative particles cá, cad a/céard a, cathain a, cé a, conas a etc. is used.
 * Cá gcuirfidh tú an litir? "Where will you put the letter?"
 * Cad/Céard a cheapfaidh na comharsana? "What will the neighbors think?"
 * Cathain a dhíolfaidh sibh bhur dteach? "When will you sell your house?"
 * Cé a sheasfaidh i m'aice? "Who will stand next to me?"
 * Conas a ghlanfaidh tú an gúna? "How will you clean the dress?"

Formation
Irish has no infinitive and uses instead the verbal noun. The verbal noun can be formed using different strategies (mostly suffixes). The most common of these are:
 * Suffix -adh, e.g., bog "soften": bogadh
 * Suffix -áil, e.g., fág "leave": fágáil
 * Suffix -ú, e.g., ardaigh "lift": ardú
 * Suffix -amh, e.g., caith "spend": caitheamh
 * Suffix -t, e.g., cosain "defend": cosaint
 * Suffix -úint, e.g., lean "follow": leanúint
 * Slender consonant is made broad, e.g., coisc "prevent": cosc
 * Suffix -ach, e.g., ceannaigh "buy": ceannach
 * No change, e.g., ól "drink": ól
 * Suffix -cht, e.g., dúisigh "awake": dúiseacht
 * Suffix -e, e.g., rinc "dance": rince

Usage
The verbal noun is used as the infinitive would be used in English.
 * D'iarr sé orm imeacht. "He asked me to go."
 * B'fhearr liom fanacht. "I would rather stay."

A progressive can be expressed with the preposition ag and is equivalent to the English present participle.
 * Tá Seán ag obair. "Seán is working."
 * Bhí Máire ag caint. "Máire was speaking."

A perfect tense can be formed with either of the compound prepositions tar éis or i ndiaidh and the verbal noun.
 * Tá sí tar éis baint an fhéir. "She has (just) mowed the grass." (cf. Hiberno-English "She is after cutting the grass.")
 * Bhí sé i ndiaidh ní na gcupán. "He had (just) washed the cups." (cf. Hiberno-English "He was after washing the cups.")

The subjunctive
The subjunctive covers the idea of wishing something and so appears in some famous Irish proverbs and blessings. It is considered an old-fashioned tense for daily speech (except in set phrases) but still appears often in print. E.g.,

 * Go dté tú slán. "May you be well." (lit: May you go well.)
 * Go dtuga Dia ciall duit. "May God give you sense."
 * Go ndéana an Diabhal toirneach de d'anam in Ifreann. "May the Devil make thunder of your soul in Hell."

It is important to note that when the subjunctive is used in English, it may not be used in Irish, and another tense might be used instead:

 * Dá mba (past/conditional of the copula) mise tusa, dhéanfainn (conditional) staidéar ar don scrúdú amárach. "If I were (past subjunctive) you, I would study for the exam tomorrow."
 * Tá sé tábhachtach go roghnaíonn (present indicative) sé ar an mbealach ceart. "It is important that he choose (present sub.) the right way."
 * Nuair a bheidh (future ind.) tú níos sine, beidh tú a thuiscint. "When you're (present ind.) older, you'll understand."
 * Is mian liom go raibh (present sub.) tú anseo. "I wish (that) you were (past sub.) here."

While the relative pronoun that can be omitted in English, the corresponding go is mandatory in Irish.

title: Irish conjugation


text:
Jacob Sullum

Jacob Z. Sullum (born September 5, 1965) is a syndicated newspaper columnist with Creators Syndicate and a senior editor at Reason magazine. He focuses most of his writings on shrinking the realm of politics and expanding individual choice. He was interviewed in the 2004 documentary Super Size Me.

Sullum is a native of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.

Career
Sullum writes a weekly column distributed nationally. He has contributed essays to The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the San Francisco Chronicle, Cigar Aficionado, and National Review, among many others.

Sullum has been a frequent guest on many TV and radio programs. He has appeared on Fox News Channel, CNN, The O'Reilly Factor, Hardball, Paula Zahn Now, The Charlie Rose Show, and NPR while also speaking at the International Conference on Drug Policy Reform and the Conference on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy.

When Sullum first joined Reason in 1989, he was an assistant editor. He eventually worked his way up to becoming an associate editor and managing editor. He previously worked as an editor for National Review and a reporter for the News and Courier/Evening Post in Charleston, South Carolina.

Personal
Sullum obtained his degree from Cornell University, where he majored in economics and psychology. During his time in schools, he was an editor and columnist for The Cornell Daily Sun. He is a fellow of the Knight Center for Specialized Journalism. Sullum is married and together they have three daughters and two dogs. The family resides in Dallas, Texas.

Views
Sullum is for a non-interventionist foreign policy and has defended then-presidential candidate Ron Paul stating that it is inaccurate to call him an isolationist. Sullum has also made the case that Presidents, including 45th U.S. President Donald Trump, have been reckless with the lives of soldiers.

Awards and honors
Over the span of his career, Sullum's work has won a handful of awards which include:
 * Thomas S. Szasz Award – 2004
 * Sullum won the Keystone Press Award for investigative reporting – 1988
 * First Prize in the Felix Morley Memorial Journalism Competition – 1991
 * National Magazine Award for his Reason cover story about treating pain – 1998
 * Drug Policy Alliance's Edward M. Brecher Award for Achievement in the Field of Journalism – 2005
 * Won first place for commentary or feature in the Southern California Journalism Awards for "Thank Deng Xiaoping for Little Girls" – 2007

title: Jacob Sullum