text:
The Armed Man

The Armed Man is a Mass by Welsh composer Karl Jenkins, subtitled "A Mass for Peace". The piece was commissioned by the Royal Armouries Museum for the Millennium celebrations, to mark the museum's move from London to Leeds, and it was dedicated to victims of the Kosovo crisis. Like Benjamin Britten's War Requiem before it, it is essentially an anti-war piece and is based on the Catholic Mass, which Jenkins combines with other sources, principally the 15th-century folk song "L'homme armé" in the first and last movements. It was written for SATB chorus with soloists (soprano and muezzin) and a symphonic orchestra. Guy Wilson, then master of the museum, selected the texts for the mass.

Overview
In addition to extracts from the Ordinary of the Mass, the text incorporates words from other religious and historical sources, including the Islamic call to prayer, the Bible (e.g., the Psalms and Revelation) and the Mahabharata. Writers whose words appear in the work include Rudyard Kipling, Alfred Lord Tennyson and Sankichi Toge, who survived the Hiroshima bombing but died some years later of leukaemia.

The Armed Man charts the growing menace of a descent into war, interspersed with moments of reflection; shows the horrors that war brings; and ends with the hope for peace in a new millennium, when "sorrow, pain and death can be overcome". It begins with a representation of marching feet, overlaid later by the shrill tones of a piccolo impersonating the flutes of a military band with the 15th-century French words of "The Armed Man". After the reflective pause of the Call to Prayer and the Kyrie, "Save Us From Bloody Men" appeals for God's help against our enemies in words from the Book of Psalms (Psalm 59). The Sanctus has a military, menacing air, followed by Kipling's "Hymn Before Action". "Charge!" draws on words from John Dryden's "A song for St. Cecilia's day" (1687) and Jonathan Swift citing Horace (Odes 3,2,13), beginning with martial trumpets and song, but ending in the agonised screams of the dying. This is followed by the eerie silence of the battlefield after action, broken by a lone trumpet playing the Last Post. "Angry Flames" describes the appalling scenes after the bombing of Hiroshima, and "Torches" parallels this with an excerpt from the Mahabharata (book 1, chapter 228), describing the terror and suffering of animals dying in the burning of the Khandava Forest. Agnus Dei is followed by "Now the Guns have Stopped", written by Guy Wilson himself as part of a Royal Armouries display on the guilt felt by some returning survivors of World War I. After the Benedictus, "Better is Peace" ends the mass on a note of hope, drawing on the hard-won understanding of Lancelot and Guinevere that peace is better than war, on Tennyson's poem "Ring Out, Wild Bells" and on the text from : "God shall wipe away all tears".

Derived works
In 2002, Boosey & Hawkes published a chorale suite with excerpts from the work for choir and orchestra (or organ), containing Kyrie, Sanctus, Benedictus, Agnus Dei and "Hymn before Action". Jenkins wrote an Agnus Dei setting for choir a cappella based on the material from the Agnus Dei from the mass, basically assigning the chords of the accompaniment to divided male voices.

Performances
The Armed Man: A Mass For Peace was premiered at The Royal Albert Hall, London, on 25 April 2000, performed by The National Youth Choir of Great Britain and the National Musicians Symphony Orchestra with Julian Lloyd Webber as the cello soloist, and conducted by Grant Llewellyn.

The piece is one of Jenkins' most popular works, and is regularly performed by professional and amateur musicians. By 2023 it had received nearly 3000 performances worldwide. The 3000th performance was held at the Royal Albert Hall on the 10th March 2024, in a celebration of Karl Jenkins’ 80th birthday, under the leadership of Sir Karl himself.

Recordings
The first CD release was recorded at AIR Studios during summer of 2000 by The London Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Karl Jenkins and The National Youth Choir of Great Britain conducted by Mike Brewer, and released on the Virgin label on September 10, 2001.

Track listing

 * 1) "The Armed Man" – 6:25
 * 2) "The Call to Prayers (Adhaan)" – 2:04
 * 3) "Kyrie" – 8:12
 * 4) "Save Me from Bloody Men" – 1:42
 * 5) "Sanctus" – 7:00
 * 6) "Hymn Before Action" – 2:38
 * 7) "Charge!" – 7:26
 * 8) "Angry Flames" – 4:44
 * 9) "Torches" – 2:58
 * 10) "Agnus Dei" – 3:39
 * 11) "Now the Guns Have Stopped" – 3:25
 * 12) "Benedictus" – 7:36
 * 13) "Better Is Peace" – 9:33

In October 2010, a special edition re-release of the album added a 14th track, and was packaged with a bonus DVD of a live performance of the work:

 * 14. "For The Fallen: In Memoriam Alfryn Jenkins" – 4:41

Personnel

 * London Philharmonic Orchestra
 * Karl Jenkins – conductor
 * National Youth Choir of Great Britain
 * Mohammed Gad – muezzin
 * Guy Johnston – cello
 * Tristan Hambleton – treble vocals
 * Jody K Jenkins – additional percussion
 * Dave Hassell – additional percussion
 * Neil Percy – additional percussion

Links with other works by Karl Jenkins
The track "Sanctus" shares its theme with the Adiemus piece "Immrama" which was introduced on the album set More Journey: Adiemus New Best & Live. "Benedictus" borrows its theme from "The Eternal Knot" from Adiemus IV: The Eternal Knot.

Other media
There are two films made to accompany live performances of The Armed Man:

1. The Armed Man Film was created by film maker and director Hefin Owen, and was premiered in its current form in Johannesburg, South Africa in September 2007 with Karl Jenkins conducting. "The film echoes and traces the story as told in the text of the work; the build up to conflict, conflict itself and the aftermath, finally looking forward to a better future," says Karl Jenkins.

2. The Armed Boy, an original film that was created exclusively to accompany live performances of The Armed Man, premiered in March 2007. The story of the film revolves around a young boy who suffers under the merciless hands of a bully and his gang. When he finally retaliates, he learns the greater consequences of taking up arms—an allegorical representation of Jenkins’ call for peace in times of war. Created by Robert Cucuzza and Thomas Cucuzza, the film was designed to correspond harmoniously with the theme and tone of each individual piece and the footage was edited in precise synchronicity with Jenkins’ music. The Armed Boy was commissioned by Rackham Symphony Choir and premiered in Detroit, Michigan on March 25, 2007. In January 2008, the filmmakers were presented with a Peace Award at the Ninth Annual World Sabbath of Religious Reconciliation for their work on the film.

Instrumentation
The mass is scored for a large symphony orchestra with extensive percussion.

 * Piccolo
 * 2 flutes (both doubling piccolo)
 * 2 oboes
 * Cor anglais
 * 2 clarinets in B♭
 * Bass clarinet in B♭
 * 2 bassoons
 * Contrabassoon
 * 4 horns in F
 * 4 trumpets in B♭
 * 3 trombones
 * Tuba
 * Timpani
 * Solo cello in 12th movement - 'Benedictus'
 * Strings

and 5 percussionists playing:

 * 3 snare drums
 * Field drum
 * 4 tom-toms
 * Surdo
 * Floor toms
 * Cymbals
 * 2 bass drums
 * Chekere
 * Congas
 * Drum kit
 * Tam-tam
 * Triangle
 * Taiko drum
 * Wind chimes
 * Mark tree
 * Low "D" (tubular) bell
 * Tenor drum
 * Tambourine
 * Tambourim
 * Tubular bells

title: The Armed Man


text:
Louise Suggs

Mae Louise Suggs (September 7, 1923 – August 7, 2015) was an American professional golfer, one of the founders of the LPGA Tour and thus modern ladies' golf.

Amateur career
Born in Atlanta, Suggs had a very successful amateur career, beginning as a teenager. She won the Georgia State Amateur in 1940 at age 16 and again in 1942, was the Southern Amateur Champion in 1941 and 1947, and won the North and South Women's Amateur three times (1942, 1946, 1948). She won the 1946 and 1947 Women's Western Amateur and the 1946 and 1947 Women's Western Open, which was designated as a major championship when the LPGA was founded. She also won the 1946 Titleholders Championship which was also subsequently designated as a women's major. She won the 1947 U.S. Women's Amateur and the next year won the British Ladies Amateur. She finished her amateur career representing the United States on the 1948 Curtis Cup Team.

Professional career
After her successful amateur career, she turned professional in 1948 and went on to win 58 additional professional tournaments, with a total of 11 majors. Her prowess on the golf course is reflected in the fact that from 1950 to 1960 she was only once out of the top 3 in the season-ending money list. Suggs' victory in the 1957 LPGA Championship made her the first LPGA player to complete a career Grand Slam.

Suggs was an inaugural inductee into the LPGA Tour Hall of Fame, established in 1967, and was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1979. She was inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1966.

She was one of the co-founders of the LPGA in 1950, which included her two great rivals of the time, Patty Berg and Babe Zaharias. Suggs served as the organization's president from 1955 to 1957.

Honors
The Louise Suggs Rolex Rookie of the Year Award, given annually to the most accomplished first-year player on the LPGA Tour, is named in her honor. In 2006 Suggs was named the 2007 recipient of the Bob Jones Award, given by the United States Golf Association in recognition of distinguished sportsmanship in golf. In February 2015 she became one of the first female members of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews.

Amateur wins

 * 1940 Georgia Women's Amateur, Southern Women's Amateur
 * 1942 Georgia Women's Amateur, North and South Women's Amateur
 * 1946 North and South Women's Amateur, Women's Western Amateur
 * 1947 Southern Women's Amateur, Women's Western Amateur, U.S. Women's Amateur
 * 1948 North and South Women's Amateur, British Ladies Amateur

LPGA Tour wins (61)

 * 1946 (3) Titleholders Championship, Women's Western Open (as an amateur), Pro-Lady Victory National Championship (as an amateur, with Ben Hogan)
 * 1947 (1) Women's Western Open (as an amateur)
 * 1948 (1) Belleair Open
 * 1949 (4) U.S. Women's Open, Women's Western Open, All American Open, Muskegon Invitational
 * 1950 (2) Chicago Weathervane, New York Weathervane
 * 1951 (1) Carrollton Georgia Open
 * 1952 (6) Jacksonville Open, Tampa Open, Stockton Open, U.S. Women's Open, All American Open, Betty Jameson Open
 * 1953 (9) Tampa Open, Betsy Rawls Open, Phoenix Weathervane (tied with Patty Berg), San Diego Open, Bakersfield Open, San Francisco Weathervane, Philadelphia Weathervane, 144 Hole Weathervane, Women's Western Open
 * 1954 (5) Sea Island Open, Titleholders Championship, Betsy Rawls Open, Carrollton Georgia Open, Babe Zaharias Open
 * 1955 (5) Los Angeles Open, Oklahoma City Open, Eastern Open, Triangle Round Robin, St. Louis Open
 * 1956 (3) Havana Open, Titleholders Championship, All American Open
 * 1957 (2) LPGA Championship, Heart of America Invitational
 * 1958 (4) Babe Zaharias Open, Gatlinburg Open, Triangle Round Robin, French Lick Open
 * 1959 (3) St. Petersburg Open, Titleholders Championship, Dallas Civitan Open
 * 1960 (4) Dallas Civitan Open, Triangle Round Robin, Youngstown Kitchens Trumbull Open, San Antonio Civitan
 * 1961 (7) Naples Pro-Am, Royal Poinciana Invitational, Golden Circle of Golf Festival, Dallas Civitan Open, Kansas City Open, San Antonio Civitan, Sea Island Open
 * 1962 (1) St. Petersburg Open

LPGA majors are shown in bold.

Wins (11)
(a)=Amateur

Team appearances
Amateur
 * Curtis Cup (representing the United States): 1948 (winners)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Louise Suggs


text:
246 Asporina

Asporina (minor planet designation: 246 Asporina) is a sizeable main-belt asteroid. It is classified as one of the few A-type asteroids.

It was discovered by A. Borrelly on 6 March 1885 in Marseilles and was named after Asporina, a goddess worshipped on Mount Asporenus, Asia Minor.

The spectrum of 246 Asporina reveals the strong presence of the mineral olivine, a relative rarity in the asteroid belt.

title: 246 Asporina


text:
Bring Your Own Film Festival

The Bring Your Own Film Festival (BYOFF) is a film festival that began in 2004 on the beaches of the temple town Puri, in the Indian state of Odisha.

Its uniqueness lies in the fact that there is no formal screening or qualifying process, but it is a forum for independent filmmakers. Anyone can walk-in, register, and exhibit his or her work. The festival has proven to be popular and has generated considerable interest in the Indian film-making community. Here, any filmmaker can bring their works to the festival and screen it. Not only filmmakers, but also artists from other fields like music, theatre, painting, sculpture, dance, literature and photography are encouraged to participate and show their work.

This film festival was founded by Susant Misra and his friends from the Film and Television Institute (FTII) that include Gurpal Singh, late Swagat Sen and others. There is no hierarchy, no completion, no juries and no awards.

The film entries have to pay a nominal registration fee that is ₹5,000 and a screening fee.

The film is held from February 21 to 25 every year.

title: Bring Your Own Film Festival


text:
Harald Szeemann

Harald Szeemann (11 June 1933 – 18 February 2005) was a Swiss curator, artist, and art historian. Having curated more than 200 exhibitions, many of which have been characterized as groundbreaking, Szeemann is said to have helped redefine the role of an art curator. It is believed that Szeemann elevated curating to a legitimate art form itself.

Personal life
Szeemann was born in Bern, Switzerland on June 11, 1933. He studied art history, archaeology and journalism in Bern and at the Sorbonne in Paris from 1953–60, and in 1956 to 1958 he began working as an actor, stage designer and painter, and produced many one-man shows. In 1958 he was married to Francoise Bonnefoy and in 1959 their son Jerome Patrice was born. In 1964 his daughter Valerie Claude was born. He was twice married, the second time to artist Ingeborg Lüscher. Their daughter is Una Szeemann. Szeemann was hospitalized for pleural cancer in Locarno, Switzerland and died in 2005 at the age of 71 in the Ticino region.

Curatorial career
Szeemann began organizing exhibitions in Switzerland in 1957, and in 1961 he was appointed as director of the Kunsthalle Bern at the age of 28. Despite being a somewhat "provincial institution" at the time Szeemann managed to open a new exhibition every month, often with young and promising artists.

There he organised an exhibition of works by the "mentally ill" from the collection of the art historian and psychiatrist Hans Prinzhorn in 1963, and in 1968 gave Christo and Jeanne-Claude their first opportunity to wrap an entire building: the Kunsthalle itself. The Kunsthalle Bern is also where Szeemann mounted his "radical" landmark 1969 exhibition "Live in Your Head: When Attitudes Become Form" that included works by artists including Eva Hesse and Gary Kuehn, which caused such a reaction that it prompted his resignation as Kunsthalle director.

For decades Szeemann worked out of a studio, which he referred to as "Fabbrica Rosa" or "Pink Factory", in the Swiss village Maggia, where he conceived international exhibitions and experimented with traditional museological practices. After leaving the Kunsthalle he founded the "Museum of Obsessions" and the Agentur für Geistige Gastarbeit ("Agency for Spiritual Migrant Work"). In 1972 he was the youngest artistic director at documenta 5 in Kassel. He revolutionised the concept: conceived as a hundred-day event, he invited the artists to present not only paintings and sculptures, but also performances and "happenings" as well as photography. The show had various sections named "Artist's Museum" or "Individual Mythologies". In an interview in June 2001, he explained: "All the former Documentas followed the old-hat, thesis/antithesis dialectic: Constructivism/Surrealism, Pop/Minimalism, Realism/Concept. That's why I invented the term, 'individual mythologies'—not a style, but a human right. An artist could be a geometric painter or a gestural artist; each can live his or her own mythology. Style is no longer the important issue." Artists of individual mythology are among others Armand Schulthess, Jürgen Brodwolf, Michael Buthe, James Lee Byars, the musician La Monte Young, Etienne Martin, Panamarenko, Paul Thek, Marian Zazeela, Horst Gläsker or Heather Sheehan.

For the 1980 Venice Biennale, he and Achille Bonito Oliva co-created the "Aperto", a new section in the Biennale for young artists. He was later selected as the Biennale director for both 1999 and 2001. This marked him as the first to curate both documenta and the Biennale. Until 2014, he was the only curator who had this distinction, which since the 2015 Venice Biennale is now shared with Okwui Enwezor.

From 1981 to 1991, Szeemann was a "permanent freelance curator" at the Kunsthaus Zürich. During this time, he also curated for other institutions including the Deichtorhallen Hamburg for its inaugural exhibition "Einleuchten: Will, Vorstel Und Simul In HH." In 1982 he commissioned a three-dimensional reconstruction of Kurt Schwitters's Hannover Merzbau (as photographed in 1933) for the exhibition "Der Hang zum Gesamtkunstwerk" in Zürich the following year. It was built by the Swiss stage designer Peter Bissegger and is now on permanent display in the Sprengel Museum in Hanover.

Early exhibitions
1957

 * 03.08 – 20.10
 * Kunstmuseum St. Gallen
 * Malende Dichter – Dichtende Maler
 * 24.09 – 27.09
 * Kleintheater Kramgasse 6, Bern
 * Hugo Ball (1886–1927): Manusckripte, Photographien, Bücher
 * (Bern – Zürich: 4.11.1957)
 * Club Bel Etage, Zürich

1961

 * 08.07 -03.09
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Otto Tschumi
 * (Bern – Glarus)
 * Kunsthaus, Glarus
 * 02.09 – 24. 09
 * Städtische Galerie, Biel
 * Buri, Gürtler, Iseli, Luginbühl, Meister, Spescha, Schaffner
 * 09.09 -15.10
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Hans Aeschbacher: Skulpturen und Zeichnungen
 * 21.10 – 26.11
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Prähistorisch Felsbilder der Sahara: Expedition Henri Lhote im Gebiet Tassili-n-Ajjer

1962

 * 17.02-11.03
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Puppen-Marionetten-Schattenspiel: Asiatica und Experimente
 * 17.03-23.04
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Charles Lapicque
 * (Bern-München-Grenoble-Le Havre)
 * Städtisch Galeri im Lenbachhau, München/ Musée de Peinture et de Sculpture, Grenoble/Maison de la Culture, Le Havre
 * 28.04-27.05
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Lenz Klotz, Friedrich Kuhn, Bruno Müller, Matias Spescha
 * 02.06-01.07
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Walter Kurt Wiemken
 * (Bern – St Gallen)
 * Kunstmuseum St Gallen
 * 07.07-02.09
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Francis Picabia (1879–1953): Werke von 1909 bis 1924
 * (Marseille-Bern)
 * 4 Amerikaner: Jasper Johns, Alfred Leslie, Robert Raushenber,
 * Richard Stankiewicz
 * (Stockholm-Amsterdam-Bern)
 * Moderna Museet, Stockholm/Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam
 * 13.10-25.11
 * Städtische Galerie, Biel
 * Harry Kramer: Automobile Skulpturen-Marionetten-Filme
 * 20.10-25.11
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Kunst aus Tibet

1963

 * 16.02-24.03
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Auguste Herbin (1882–1960)
 * (Bern-Amsterdam)
 * Stedlijk Museum, Amsterdam
 * 20.04-19.05
 * Städtische Galerie, Biel
 * Englebert van Anderlecht, Bram Bogart
 * (Bern-Bruxelles)
 * Palais des Beaux-Arts, Bruxelles
 * 04.05-03.06
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Alan Davie
 * (Baden-Baden – Bern – Darmstadt – London – Amsterdam)
 * Staatliche Kunsthalle, Baden-Baden
 * Piotr Kowalski
 * 12.07-18.08
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * William Scott
 * (Bern-Belfast)
 * Ulster Museum, Belfast
 * Victor Pasmore
 * 18.08-15.09
 * Städtische Galerie, Biel
 * Heinz-Peter Kohler, Gregory Masurovsky
 * 24.08-15.09
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Bildnerei der Geisteskranken-Art Brut- Insania pingens
 * 21.09-27.10
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Louis Moillet
 * 02.11-01.12
 * Kunsthalle, Bern
 * Etienne-Martin
 * (Bern-Amsterdam – Eindhoven)
 * Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam/Stedelijk van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven

Major exhibitions

 * Live In Your Head: When Attitudes Become Form (1969)
 * Happening and Fluxus (1970)
 * Documenta 5 (1972)
 * Der Hang zum Gesamtkunstwerk (1983)

Live in Your Head: When Attitudes Become Form
Live In Your Head: When Attitudes Become Form was a landmark show for Post-Minimalist American artists in 1969 at the Kunsthalle Bern.

Following the opening of the exhibition "12 Environments" in the summer of 1968, which featured the works of Andy Warhol, Martial Raysse, Soto, Jean Schnyder, Kowalski, and Christo, Harald Szeemann was asked to do a show of his own. Representatives of Philip Morris, American Tobacco Company, and Rudder and Finn, Public Relations Firm, visited Szemmann in Bern to recruit his expertise for a project. This project would entail substantial funding, with the additional benefit of collaborating with the Stedelijk (sponsored by the Holland American Line), and complete artistic freedom.

This was an entirely new opportunity for Szeemann therefore he accepted the sponsored proposal. The project was initially conceived whenever Szeemann, with the Director of the Stedelijk named de Wilde, traveled through Switzerland and Holland to select the works of younger artists for national shows. When visiting the studio of a Dutch painter, Reinier Lucassen, Szeemann was immediately impressed with the work of the painter's assistant Jan Dibbets. Jan greeted Szeemann from behind two tables; one of which had neon light coming out of the surface and the other one was covered in grass which he watered. Szeemann was thereafter inspired to focus the upcoming exhibition on behaviors and gestures.

Shortly after the conception the show developed quickly. A published diary of Attitudes details trips, studio visits, and installation. The show became a dialog of how works could either assume material form or remain immaterial, documenting an important revelatory concept in the history of art. This show was a moment of intensity and freedom in which a work could be produced or imagined, according to Lawrence Weiner. 69 Artists, Europeans and Americans controlled the Kunsthalle. For example, Robert Barry irradiated the roof; Richard Long did a walk in the mountains; Mario Merz made among his first igloos; Michael Heizer "opened" the sidewalk; Walter de Maria produced his telephone piece; Richard Serra showed lead sculptures, the belt piece, and splash piece; Weiner took a square meter out of the wall; Beuys made a grease sculpture. The Kunsthalle Bern became a laboratory of exhibiting "organized chaos".

Following When Attitudes Become Form and the following exhibition Friends and their Friends a scandal was provoked in Bern. Szeemann believed to be showing artwork contrary to the opinions of critics and the public. The city government and parliament eventually became involved in the issue. It was decided that Szeemann's directorship was "destructive to humankind". As well the exhibition committee, largely composed of local artists, decided they would dictate the programming and rejected shows proposed by Szeeman they had previously agreed to, including the solo show of Beuys. Thereafter Szeemann, tired of this open war, decided to resign and become a freelance curator and operated under his newly founded Agency for Spiritual Guest Work.

1997 Lyon Biennial L'autre (the Other)
Originating in 1991, the city of Lyon's Musee d'art Contemporain co-directors, Thierry Raspail and Thierry Prat, has hosted a biennial art exhibition, which generally has garnered little attention to international audiences. Each biennial has a specific theme and guest curator who determines the components of the exhibition. The choice for the Fourth Biennial, in 1997, was Harald Szeemann. The co-directors chosen theme for the exhibition was derived from the post-structuralist term L'autre, the other. L'autre was held at L'Halle Tony Garnier in the outskirts of Lyon. The structure from the 1920s is an example of extraordinary engineering of the era. The large scale of the space made it suitable for showing large-scale works such as by Richard Serra or Serge Spitzer, which would otherwise be excluded from such exhibitions in conventional spaces.

Szeemann's choices were eclectic but consistently focused on the subject of contemporary artists' personal mythologies. Large-scale sculptures by artists as: Bruce Nauman, Louise Bourgeois, Joseph Beuys, Richard Serra, Chris Burden, Jessica Stockholder, Hanne Darboven, and Ute Schroder were viewed in relation to video installations by: Gary Hill, Mariko Mori, Zhang Peili, Paul McCarthy, and Igor and Svetlana Kopystiansky. There were "physical/ ephemeral" pieces by younger artists, such as Jason Rhoades and Richard Jackson, and the famous large-scale black rats by Katharina Fritsch, which were shown earlier at the Dia Center for the Arts in New York.

Szeemann included a historical section with bronze cast self-portraits of the eighteenth-century artist Franz Xaver Messerschmidt, an ancestral figure to contemporary performance art. Szeemann mounted the bronze heads in a circular arrangement, thereby asserting their relationship to closely placed works by the Vienna Actionists of the 1960s. Surrounding the Messerschmidts were photographs, drawings, and relics by artists as Rudolf Schwarzkogler, Hermann Nitsch, Otto Muhl, Günther Brus, and Arnulf Rainer. Another portion of the "historical" section was an entry in the exhibition catalog by the French art historian and curator Jean Clair.

An apparent theme intended by Szeemann in L'Autre was to position artists at the end of modernism within the context of a "self-historifying mythos". The diversity of works chosen for the Fourth Biennial reflected the constant edge of what was modernism, also what is perceived at its boundaries.

Visual arts director of 1999 and 2001 Venice Biennale
At the time of Szeemann's appointment the Venice Biennale was no longer a state-run enterprise but has become a foundation. The representation of 15 has been reduced to five people; one representing the city, another the region, another the province, another the National Government, and lastly an unaffiliated third party.

Paolo Baratta named directors for the different sections of film, architecture, theater, music, dance, and also visual arts, Szeemann's area of appointment. Szeemann was appointed the Visual Arts Director, succeeding his predecessor Jean Clair, with only five months to prepare for the 1999 Venice Biennale but with the expectation that he would also direct the following show in 2001. A contingency of this appointment was that he would be able to bring his own people with him as well as have more flexibility with the structure of the Biennale. In addition to the regular crew he uses for installation he brought with him Agnes Kohlmeyer to help with the show and Cecilia Liveriero to work on the catalog. Szeemann was responsible for organizing the international exhibition in the Giardini and Arsenale, to give recommendations for the exhibitions a latere, for contributions outside the pavilions and in the city, to keep contact with the commissioners of the national pavilions, and the like.

With the last two Biennales as example, under the directorships of Jean Clair and Germano Celant, Szeemann determined that the international exhibition and national pavilions should be dedicated to young artists and he informed this to all participating countries. As a result of many countries' selection systems this came as late news, but for a few others who were more unencumbered to react this was not problematic. Szeemann decided that the international exhibition and Aperto, created by Szeemann in 1980, would be combined and artists would no longer be divided by age. As well there would be an emphasis on the representation of female artists and their contributions to contest their past roles, with such artists as Rosemarie Trockel from Germany and Ann Hamilton from the USA. Changing the inner structure of the Biennale, breaking up the divisions, and expanding the space were among Szeemann's contributions.

Szeemann was largely concerned with traditional structure of the Biennale and believed the treatment of artists during installation required improvement. Another result of Szeemann's acceptance was fair representation for Italian artists. The Italian Pavilion, a sequence of rooms displaying Italian art, was kept in a ghetto and inadequate in comparison to other national pavilions. Another concern was from a resulting breakup of the Soviet Union and the history of conflict in Yugoslavia had created many issues, Macedonia renounced its participation and Yugoslavia was an unknown, in addition to the growing number of countries which demanded a presence in the Biennale.

Other work
Juries for art awards

2000: Contemporary Chinese Art Award

2002: The Walters Prize

2002: The Vincent Award

Memberships and boards

1961-2005: Collège de 'Pataphysique' (artist group)

1967-?: Founding member, International Association of Curators of Contemporary Art (IKT)

1996: Szeemann played a key role in shaping the architecture faculty at the Università della Svizzera italiana, the first university in Italian Switzerland, for the first six years after its founding.

1997-2005: Department of Visual Arts, Akademie der Künste, Berlin, Germany

Awards received
1998: Award for Curatorial Excellence, Center for Curatorial Studies, Bard College

2000: Max Beckmann Prize

2005: Das Glas der Vernunft

2005: Awarded a "Special Gold Lion" at the Biennale in Venice

Archive and library
Throughout Szeemann's life he had collected all documentation related to his work and life. The end result was his personal archive, consisting  of books about art, artists, art theory, exhibitions, curation, and the like. It also included anything acting as correspondence: letters and messages which were traded with artists, curators, sponsors, and any other relevant stakeholder. H This archive also encompassed articles akin to formal records, documentation, or notation which had been collected during Szeemann's various endeavors. Anything of any bearing with his various professional projects and curatorial plans had been collected and documented and curated.

Harald Szeemann died in 2005, leaving behind his vast collection to an unknown beneficiary, until, in June 2011, the Getty Research Institute publicized purchase of The Harald Szeemann Archive and Library, probably one of the most important research collections for Western and Modern and Contemporary Art. Szeemann had devoted himself to his archive and library and resultingly it contains thousands of documents related to his practice as an art historian, art critic and curator which continue to be studied today. At the time, it was the largest acquisition in the Getty Research Institute's history.

This collection encompasses of over 1,000 boxes of research. It consists of:
 * Correspondence with individual artists, such as those frequently exchanged such as: Bruce Nauman, Richard Serra, Cy Twombly, and Christo and Jeanne-Claude.
 * The library portion consists of approximately 28,000 volumes.
 * The archive also includes about 36,000 photographs and drawings as well as other materials Szeemann assembled through organizing and exhibition over 200 exhibitions.

The collection is open to researchers and a published finding aid is available online: http://hdl.handle.net/10020/cifa2011m30

Notability
Szeemann invented the modern-day Großausstellung ("great exhibition"), in which the artworks are tied to a central concept and are assembled into new and often surprising interrelationships. His over 200 exhibitions were distinguished by a great abundance of material and a broad range of themes. Important reference points were subversiveness, alternative lifestyles (for example Monte Verità), and the Gesamtkunstwerk ("total artwork", Wagner's concept of a work which spans all the arts, to which his own exhibitions were also indebted).

Literature

 * Hans-Joachim Muller, Harald Szeeman: Exhibition Maker, Hatje Cantz, 2006, ISBN 978-3-7757-1705-2
 * Tobia Bezzola, Roman Kurzmeyer, Harald Szeemann: With, by, through, because, towards, despite, Springer Architecture, Vienna, 2007, ISBN 978-3-211836-32-3
 * Florence Derieux, Harald Szeemann: Individual Methodology, JRP-Ringier, Zurich, 2008, ISBN 978-3-905829-09-9

Publications

 * Klaus Albrecht and Harald Szeemann, Egon Schiele and His Contemporaries: Austrian Painting and Drawing from 1900 to 1930 from the Leopold Collection, Vienna, Vienna, Munich: Prestel, 1989
 * Elsa Longhauser and Harald Szeemann, eds., Self-Taught Artists of the Twentieth Century: An American Anthology (Chronicle Books 1998). ISBN 978-0-8118-2099-8

title: Harald Szeemann


text:
Cabinet of Denmark

The Cabinet of Denmark (regering) has been the chief executive body and the government of the Kingdom of Denmark—Denmark proper together with the Faroe Islands and Greenland—since 1848. The Cabinet is led by the Prime Minister. There are around 25 members of the Cabinet, known as "ministers", all of whom are also heads of specific government ministries. The Cabinet has usually been composed of Ministers from two or more parties forming a coalition government. Still, most of these governments have been minority governments, relying on the support of still other parties.

Cabinets are formally appointed by the Monarch. In practice, once a government has stepped down, there is a fixed set of rules for appointing an investigator (most often the future Prime Minister), with the job of trying to form a new government. The Prime Minister will lead the Cabinet by convention. Cabinets are named after the Prime Minister, although they may gain shorthand names (e.g. "VK Cabinet", for the recent Venstre–Conservative cabinet).

As of 15 December 2022, the Prime Minister is Mette Frederiksen, leading a coalition government led by the Social Democratic Party with Venstre and the Moderates. It relies on parliamentary support from the Faroe Islands-based and Greelandic parties.

List of Cabinets
Below is a list of all Cabinets since 1848.

title: Cabinet of Denmark


text:
247 Eukrate

Eukrate (minor planet designation: 247 Eukrate) is a rather large main-belt asteroid. It is dark and probably a primitive carbonaceous body. The asteroid was discovered by Robert Luther on March 14, 1885, in Düsseldorf. It was named after Eucrate, a Nereid in Greek mythology.

In 2001, the asteroid was detected by radar from the Arecibo Observatory at a distance of 1.18 AU. The resulting data yielded an effective diameter of 134 ± 15 km.

There have been 9 occultation observations of this asteroid since 2004. The latest of 2018 May 12 was a 5 chord observation that allows, using Occult (Software), the scaling of the DAMIT model 1207, to yield a mean volume-equivalent diameter of 137.5 km and a mean surface-equivalent diameter of 140.0 km.

title: 247 Eukrate


text:
248 Lameia

Lameia (minor planet designation: 248 Lameia) is a typical main belt asteroid. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on 5 June 1885 in Vienna and was named after the Lamia, a lover of Zeus in Ancient Greek mythology. 248 Lameia is orbiting the Sun with a period of 1418.9 days and a low eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.067. The semimajor axis of $18.95 km/s$ is slightly inward from the 3:1 Kirkwood Gap. Its orbital plane is inclined by 4° to the plane of the ecliptic.

On 27 June 1998 an occultation of the 8th magnitude star PPM 236753 (HD 188960) by 248 Lameia was timed by five observers near Gauteng, South Africa. The chords produced a rough size estimate of a 62 × 53 km ellipse. The size estimate based on IRAS Minor Planet Survey data is $48.66 km$. The rotation rate of this object is commensurate with the rotation of the Earth, requiring observations from different locations to build a complete light curve. These yield a rotation estimate of $0.062$ with a brightness variation of $2.47 AU$ magnitude in amplitude. The same data set gives a size estimate of $~49 km$, in agreement with earlier measurements.

Infrared imaging of this body shows a relatively featureless spectra that suggests materials that are similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites.

title: 248 Lameia


text:
249 Ilse

Ilse (minor planet designation: 249 Ilse) is a Main belt asteroid. It has an unusually slow rotation period, about 3.5 days.

It was discovered by C. H. F. Peters on August 16, 1885, in Clinton, New York and was named after Ilse, a legendary German princess.

Due to the long rotation period, a possible asteroidal satellite of Ilse was proposed by R. P. Binzel in 1987 however no evidence of this has been found.

title: 249 Ilse


text:
250 Bettina

Bettina (minor planet designation: 250 Bettina) is a large main belt asteroid that was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on September 3, 1885, in Vienna. It was named in honour of Baroness Bettina von Rothschild (née de Rothschild; 1858–1892), wife of Baron Albert von Rothschild who had bought the naming rights for £50. Based upon the spectrum, it is classified as an M-type asteroid.

In 1988, the asteroid was observed from the Collurania-Teramo Observatory, allowing a light curve to be produced that showed "an irregular behavior with a deeper minimum and a narrower maximum". The data showed a rotation period of 5.055 hours and a brightness variation of 0.17 ± 0.01 in magnitude. The ratio of the lengths of the major to minor axes for this asteroid were found to be 1.51 ± 0.03.

title: 250 Bettina


text:
Tommy Broughan

Thomas Broughan (born 1 August 1947) is an Irish former Independent politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1992 to 2020.

He sat as a TD for the Labour Party until late 2011, representing the Dublin North-East constituency from 1992 until constituency changes for the 2016 general election.

Early life
Broughan was born in Dublin in 1947. He was educated at Moyle Park College, Clondalkin, University College Dublin and University of London. He worked as a teacher at St. Aidan's CBS, Whitehall, before entering politics in 1991, when he was elected to Dublin City Council.

Labour Party
The following year, Broughan was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1992 general election to the 27th Dáil as a Labour Party TD for Dublin North-East. He retained his seat at the 1997, 2002, 2007, 2011 and 2016 general elections.

Broughan previously served as Labour Party Spokesperson for Enterprise, Trade and Employment; Communications, Energy and Natural Resources; and Transport.

Broughan was regarded as being on the left-wing of the Labour Party. He first lost the party whip in 1994, during the Fianna Fáil-Labour Party coalition when he disagreed with the government decision to sell Team Aer Lingus, but he returned when that coalition collapsed at the end of 1994.

During Pat Rabbitte's leadership of the Labour party from 2002 to 2007, Broughan was a leading critic of Rabbitte's decision to form an electoral alliance with Fine Gael, instead advocating an independent strategy for the party, in addition to closer co-operation with the Green Party and Sinn Féin.

He had the Labour parliamentary party whip withdrawn on 29 June 2010, for failing to attend a vote on the Wildlife (Amendment) Bill 2010 in the Dáil. He along with fellow TD Joanna Tuffy both opposed the Labour Party going into coalition with Fine Gael in the aftermath of the 2011 general election.

During the 31st Dáil, he became increasingly critical of a number of government policies. In November 2011, he criticised Transport Minister Leo Varadkar's decision to defer the Dublin Metro, claiming it would have been a "huge boost" to economic growth and employment in the Dublin/Mid-Leinster region. He lost the parliamentary Labour Party whip after voting to reject a government amendment to extend the bank guarantee for another year on 1 December 2011. This was his third time to lose the Labour whip, having previously done so in 1994 and 2010. He stated he could not support adding more debt and called on Labour party TDs to join him on the opposition benches to oppose elements of the Government's economic policy.

Social Democratic Union
In April 2014, it was reported that Broughan had left the Labour Party, was forming a "Social Democratic Union" for his constituency supporters, and hoped like-minded Independent TDs would join.

The group is unconnected to the Social Democrats, formed by Broughan's former Labour Party colleague Róisín Shortall along with two other Independent TDs. Broughan has ruled himself out of joining the new party stating he planned to remain an Independent deputy. As of July 2015, the Social Democratic Union remains unregistered.

2016 general election
At the 2016 general election, he stood as an Independents 4 Change candidate in the Dublin Bay North constituency. He was re-elected to the Dáil. He voted for Richard Boyd Barrett for Taoiseach when the 32nd Dáil first met.

Broughan left the party on 26 July 2016.

On 22 January 2020, he announced that he would not be contesting the 2020 general election.

title: Tommy Broughan


text:
Category:French lawyers

This category is for those who have practiced law in the country of France by representing or advising clients, whether private or government. Technically, anyone with a law degree is a lawyer; this category is reserved for those who meet the most obvious connotation of the word. Also, please see Category:French jurists. More than one designation may apply to certain individuals—please see individual category descriptions for proper application.

title: Category:French lawyers


text:
Jack Wall (politician)

Jack Wall (born 1 July 1945) is an Irish former Labour Party politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kildare South constituency from 1997 to 2016 and a Senator from 1993 to 1997, after being nominated by the Taoiseach.

Wall was born in Castledermot, County Kildare in 1945. He was educated at Castledermot national school and Castledermot vocational school. He worked as an electrician before entering into local politics in 1991 when he was elected to Athy Town Council and Kildare County Council.

In 1993, Wall was nominated to Seanad Éireann. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Labour Party TD for Kildare South at the 1997 general election, and was re-elected at each subsequent general election until his retirement in 2016. He previously served as Labour Party Spokesperson for Agriculture, Defence and Arts, Sport and Tourism, and also for Community and Rural Affairs.

He was the chairperson of the Parliamentary Labour Party from 2007 to 2016.

On 10 July 2015, he announced that he would not be contesting the 2016 general election.

title: Jack Wall (politician)


text:
Whit Bissell

Whitner Nutting Bissell (October 25, 1909 – March 5, 1996) was an American character actor.

Early life
Born in New York City, Bissell was the son of surgeon Dr. J. Dougal Bissell and Helen Nutting Bissell. He was educated at the Allen-Stevenson School and the Dalton School in New York City. He was related to Daniel Bissell, who was awarded the Badge of Military Merit, the predecessor of the Purple Heart, by George Washington.

He trained with the Carolina Playmakers, a theatrical organization associated with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he majored in drama and English.

Career
Bissell had a number of roles in Broadway theatre, including the Air Force show Winged Victory, when he was an airman serving in the United States Army Air Forces.

In a film career that began with Holy Matrimony (1943), Bissell appeared in hundreds of films and television episodes as a prominent character actor. Regularly cast in low-budget science fiction and horror films, his roles include a mad scientist in the film I Was a Teenage Werewolf (1957) and Professor Frankenstein in I Was a Teenage Frankenstein (also 1957).

He played the attending psychiatrist who treats the protagonist, Dr. Miles Bennell, played by Kevin McCarthy, in Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) and appeared in Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954).

Bissell appeared as a guest star in many television drama series between the early 1950s and the mid-1970s, with more sporadic appearances after that. He guest-starred in a couple of episodes of The Lone Ranger. He appeared on other syndicated series, including Sheriff of Cochise, Whirlybirds, Peyton Place and The Brothers Brannagan. He was cast in the religion series Crossroads and Going My Way, and in the NBC education drama series Mr. Novak.

Bissell played murderer Larry Sands on CBS's Perry Mason ("The Case of the Crooked Candle", 1957), along with Max Pompey in "The Case of the Lavender Lipstick" (1960), Laurence Barlow in "The Case of the Nautical Knot" (1964) and Dennison Groody in "The Case of the Carefree Coronary" (1965). He appeared in an episode of Mr. Adams and Eve in 1957 and of Peter Gunn in 1958. He played different roles in multiple episodes of the ABC series The Rifleman, and as Sinclair Bruder in "The Great Guy" (1956) on Father Knows Best.

Bissell portrayed the undertaker (who sees every man, no matter his race, as "just another future customer") in the film The Magnificent Seven (1960).

In 1960, Bissell had appeared in George Pal's production of The Time Machine, as Walter Kemp, one of the Time Traveller's dining friends. He also appeared in a 1978 TV movie adapting the H. G. Wells novel for a more modern setting. Bissell's Time Tunnel co-star John Zaremba also appeared in the telemovie. Thirty-three years later, in 1993 the documentary film Time Machine: The Journey Back (which featured Bissell, Rod Taylor and Alan Young), Bissell recreated his 1960 role as Walter in the opening sequence. It was Bissell's last acting performance.

From 1959 to 1961, Bissell was a regular for the third and fourth seasons of the television series Bachelor Father, costarring John Forsythe, Noreen Corcoran, and Sammee Tong. He appeared in an episode of Straightaway in 1961. He was cast three times on the NBC Western series The Virginian.

Bissell played General Heywood Kirk in 30 episodes in the 1966–1967 season of the science-fiction television series The Time Tunnel. He often played silver-haired figures of authority, here as in many other roles (as described by AllMovie), "instantly establishing his standard screen characterization of fussy officiousness", leavened in many instances with a military bearing. Other examples of such authoritative roles as military or police officials, include appearances in The Caine Mutiny, The Manchurian Candidate, Hud (1963), The Outer Limits (1963), Hogan's Heroes (1966), and The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (1966). Bissell also appeared in the Barnaby Jones episode, "Murder in the Doll's House" (March 25, 1973).

Bissell appeared in the classic episode "The Trouble with Tribbles" of Star Trek, footage of which was re-used in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine's "Trials and Tribble-ations".

In 1978 and 1980, Bissell appeared in two episodes of The Incredible Hulk, first in the second-season episode "Kindred Spirits" as Professor Williams, and later as Professor John Zeiderman in the second part of the fourth season two-parter "Prometheus".

Bissell was a guest of honor at New York City's Tele-Fantasy Con 1975 on August 1 - 3, along with celebrities Noel Neill, Jim Danforth and Joseph Stefano, and spent the weekend meeting his fans and signing hundreds of autographs free of charge. He also received a life career award from the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films in 1994. He also served for many years on the board of directors of the Screen Actors Guild, and represented the actors' branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences board of governors.

Personal life
Bissell was married three times and had three daughters (Kathy Marden, Victoria Brown and Amanda Whiteley) and a stepson, Brian Forster. Forster was the second actor to play the role of Chris Partridge on The Partridge Family TV series.

Wives:
 * Adrienne Marden (November 23, 1938 – 1954; divorced); 2 children
 * Dilys Mary Shan Jukes (December 5, 1954 – January 11, 1958; her death); 1 child
 * Jennifer Raine (November 24, 1967 – January 5, 1993; her death)

Per confirmation, from his daughter, Amanda Whiteley, Bissell was a practicing Unitarian and a lifelong Democrat.

Death
Bissell died on March 5, 1996 (aged 86) at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California. He had suffered from Parkinson's disease. He was interred in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles.

Broadway roles

 * The Star-Wagon (1937) as Park
 * The American Way (1939) as Karl
 * Two On An Island (1940) Frederic Winthorp
 * Cafe Crown (1942) as Walter
 * Winged Victory (1943) as Lieutenant Jules Hudson

Selected filmography

 * The Sea Hawk (1940) as Gate Guard at Palace Entrance (uncredited)
 * Holy Matrimony (1943) as Harry Leek (uncredited)
 * Destination Tokyo (1943) as Yo Yo (uncredited)
 * Winged Victory (1944) as Lieutenant Hudson (uncredited)
 * The Horn Blows at Midnight (1945) as Heavenly Piccolo Player (uncredited)
 * Cluny Brown (1946) as Archie, Dowager's Son (uncredited)
 * Somewhere in the Night (1946) as John (uncredited)
 * It Shouldn't Happen to a Dog (1946) as Chester Frye (uncredited)
 * The Sea of Grass (1947) as Ted, the Clerk (uncredited)
 * Brute Force (1947) as Tom Lister
 * Night Song (1947) as Party Guest (uncredited)
 * A Double Life (1947) as Dr. Stauffer
 * The Senator Was Indiscreet (1947) as Oakes
 * Another Part of the Forest (1948) as Jugger
 * Raw Deal (1948) as Murderer
 * Canon City (1948) as Richard Heilman
 * That Lady in Ermine (1948) as Giulio
 * He Walked by Night (1948) as Paul Reeves
 * Chicken Every Sunday (1949) as Mr. Robinson / Robby
 * The Crime Doctor's Diary (1949) as Pete Bellem
 * Anna Lucasta (1949) as Stanley
 * Tokyo Joe (1949) as Captain Winnow (uncredited)
 * And Baby Makes Three (1949) as Party Guest (uncredited)
 * Side Street (1949) as Harold Simpson
 * When Willie Comes Marching Home (1950) as Lieutenant M.J. Hanley, Psychiatrist (uncredited)
 * Perfect Strangers (1950) as Mr. Lister, Defense Attorney (uncredited)
 * Convicted (1950) as States Attorney Owens (uncredited)
 * A Life of Her Own (1950) as Rental Agent (uncredited)
 * Wyoming Mail (1950) as Sam
 * The Killer That Stalked New York (1950) as Sid Bennet
 * The Du Pont Story (1950) as Dr. Wallace Carothers
 * For Heaven's Sake (1950) as Doctor (uncredited)
 * The Great Missouri Raid (1951) as Bob Ford
 * The Red Badge of Courage (1951) as Wounded Officer (uncredited)
 * Tales of Robin Hood (1951) as Will Stutely
 * Sealed Cargo (1951) as Schuster (uncredited)
 * Night into Morning (1951) as Monument Salesman (uncredited)
 * Lost Continent (1951) as Stanley Briggs
 * The Family Secret (1951) as Joe Elsner
 * Red Mountain (1951) as Miles
 * Boots Malone (1952) as Lou Dyer (uncredited)
 * Hoodlum Empire (1952) as Filby, The Pickpocket (uncredited)
 * Skirts Ahoy! (1952) as Mr. Yarbrough (uncredited)
 * The Sellout (1952) as Wilfred Jackson
 * The Turning Point (1952) as Buck (uncredited)
 * Devil's Canyon (1953) as Virgil Gates
 * It Should Happen to You (1954) as Robert Grau
 * Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954) as Dr. Edwin Thompson
 * Riot in Cell Block 11 (1954) as Snader
 * The Shanghai Story (1954) as Paul Grant
 * The Caine Mutiny (1954) as Navy Psychiatrist Lieutenant Commander Dickson (uncredited)
 * Three Hours to Kill (1954) as Deke
 * Target Earth (1954) as Tom, Chief Research Scientist
 * Masterson of Kansas (1954) as Joe the Poker Player winning against Doc Holliday (uncredited)
 * The Atomic Kid (1954) as Dr. Edgar Pangborn
 * The Big Combo (1955) as Doctor (scenes deleted)
 * Not as a Stranger (1955) as Dr. Dietrich
 * The Naked Street (1955) as District Attorney Blaker
 * The Desperate Hours (1955) as FBI Agent Carson
 * Trial (1955) as Sam Wiltse
 * Shack Out on 101 (1955) as Eddie
 * At Gunpoint (1955) as Clem Clark
 * Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) as Dr. Hill (uncredited)
 * The Proud Ones (1956) as Mr. Sam Bolton
 * Dakota Incident (1956) as Mark Chester
 * Man from Del Rio (1956) as Breezy Morgan
 * Cheyenne (06/04/1956) (Season 2 Episode 20: "The Broken Pledge") as General Custer (credited as Whit Bissel)
 * Sneak Preview (1956) (Season 1 Episode 2: "The Merry Go-Round")
 * The Young Stranger (1957) as Grubbs, Theater Manager
 * Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957) as John P. Clum
 * I Was a Teenage Werewolf (1957) as Dr. Alfred Brandon
 * Johnny Tremain (1957) as Josiah Quincy
 * The Wayward Girl (1957) as Ira Molson
 * The Tall Stranger (1957) as Adam Judson
 * Mr. Adams and Eve (1957) (Season 1 Episode 9: "The Business Manager") as Manager
 * I Was a Teenage Frankenstein (1957) as Professor Frankenstein
 * Have Gun Will Travel (1957) (Episode: No Visitors) as Mr. Jonas, store owner
 * Perry Mason (1957–1965) (4 episodes)
 * (1957) (Episode: "The Case of the Crooked Candle") as Larry Sands
 * (1960) (Episode: "The Case of the Lavender Lipstick") as Max Pompey
 * (1964) (Episode: "The Case of the Nautical Knot") as Laurence Barlow
 * (1965) (Episode: "The Case of the Carefree Coronary") as Dennison Groody
 * Gang War (1958) as Mark (scenes deleted)
 * Colgate Theatre (1958) (Season 1 Episode 4: "Mr. Tutt" or "Strange Counsel")
 * The Defiant Ones (1958) as Lou Gans
 * The Black Orchid (1958) as Mr. Harmon
 * Monster on the Campus (1958) as Dr. Oliver Cole
 * No Name on the Bullet (1959) as Pierce
 * Warlock (1959) as Petrix
 * Never So Few (1959) as Captain Alofson, Psychiatrist
 * The Untouchables (1959) (Season 1 Episode 11: "You Can't Pick the Number") as Pat Danning
 * The Time Machine (1960) as Walter Kemp
 * The Magnificent Seven (1960) as Chamlee the Undertaker
 * The Tom Ewell Show (1961) (Season 1 Episode 12: "Advice to the Lovelorn") as Harry Burton
 * Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1962) (Season 7 Episode 21: "Burglar Proof") as Mr. Bliss
 * Birdman of Alcatraz (1962) as Dr. Ellis
 * Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man (1962) as Ludstrum (scenes deleted)
 * The Manchurian Candidate (1962) as Medical Officer (uncredited)
 * The Virginian (1963-1965) (3 episodes)
 * (1963) (Season 1 Episode 30: "The Final Hour") as Burns
 * (1964) (Season 2 Episode 27: "The Long Quest") as Andrew Cass
 * (1964) (Season 3 Episode 10: "Return a Stranger") as Whit Parsons
 * Spencer's Mountain (1963) as Dr. Campbell
 * Hud (1963) as Mr. Burris
 * The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1964) (Season 2 Episode 22: "Behind the Locked Door") as Adam Driscoll
 * Seven Days in May (1964) as Senator Frederick Prentice
 * Advance to the Rear (1964) as Captain Queeg
 * Where Love Has Gone (1964) as Professor Bell
 * The Hallelujah Trail (1965) as Hobbs
 * Fluffy (1965) as Dr. Braden
 * I Dream of Jeannie (1966) (Season 2 Episode 7: "The Fastest Gun in the East") as Horace Sedgwick
 * The Time Tunnel (1966–1967) (30 episodes) as Lieutenant General Heywood Kirk
 * A Covenant with Death (1967) as Bruce Donnelly
 * The Invaders (1967) (Season 2 Episode 8: "Dark Outpost") as Colonel Harris
 * 5 Card Stud (1968) as Dr. Cooper
 * Once You Kiss a Stranger (1969) as Dr. Haggis
 * Airport (1970) as Mr. Davidson
 * Justin Morgan Had a Horse (1972) as Mr. Mays
 * The Salzburg Connection (1972) as Jim Newhart
 * Pete 'n' Tillie (1972) as Minister
 * Soylent Green (1973) as Governor Santini
 * Barnaby Jones (1973) as Mr. Bantree
 * Cannon (1973) as Warden Sheppard
 * Psychic Killer (1975) as Dr. Paul Taylor
 * Flood! (1976) as Dr. Ted Horne
 * The Lincoln Conspiracy (1977) as Senator John Conness
 * The Last of the Mohicans (1977) (TV Movie) as General Webb
 * Casey's Shadow (1978) as Dr. Williamson
 * The Time Machine (1978) (TV Movie) as Ralph Branly

title: Whit Bissell


text:
Prayers on Fire

Prayers on Fire is the debut studio album by Australian rock group the Birthday Party, released on 6 April 1981 on the Missing Link label in Australia, later licensed to the 4AD label. This was the band's first full-length release on an international record label and the first after changing the group's name from the Boys Next Door to the Birthday Party. It was recorded at Armstrong's Audio Visual Studios in Melbourne and Richmond Recorders in the nearby suburb of Richmond, between December 1980 and January 1981.

Background
In February 1980 Melbourne-based new wave group, the Boys Next Door, changed their name to the Birthday Party. They consisted of the same lineup of Phill Calvert on drums, Nick Cave on vocals, Mick Harvey on guitar and organ, Rowland S. Howard on guitar and Tracy Pew on bass guitar. They relocated to London and signed with the 4AD label which issued the extended play, The Friend Catcher in the United Kingdom. In July, their Australian label, Missing Link Records, released "Mr Clarinet" from the EP as a single. In November, Missing Link released the album, The Birthday Party / The Boys Next Door, which combined previously unreleased material with tracks that has been issued under the Boys Next Door name.

Also in November 1980, the Birthday Party returned to Australia and toured. According to Australian music historian, Ian McFarlane, "It was during this time that the band cemented its reputation as a peerless live act, with its omnipresent influence settling over the Melbourne scene". On 6 April 1981 they issued the album and followed in June with its lead single, "Nick the Stripper". The group returned to London.

Members of Melbourne post-punk band Equal Local contributed the brass section to "Nick the Stripper" – tenor saxophonist Mick Hauser was mis-credited as "Mick Hunter". Equal Local had formed in 1980 by Dean Richards on guitar, Philip Jackson on synthesisers, trumpet and rhythm generator, Melissa Webb on synthesiser and piano, Bryce Perrin on acoustic bass, and Hauser. Richards and Jackson were bandmates from the post-punk group Whirlywirld and contemporaries of the Boys Next Door. Equal Local disbanded in early 1982.

Composition and recording
In Melbourne, in December 1980 and January 1981, they joined engineer and producer, Tony Cohen, in Armstrong's Audio Visual Studios (A.A.V. Studio 2) and Richmond Recorders, to record their tracks. Music journalist Toby Creswell noted that the band "struggled with creating their own identity some of them also began indulging an appetite for alcohol and heroin". Cave was embarrassed by "Zoo Music Girl" but noted "we were digging for something and we kind of just found it with some songs" and cited "King Ink" as an example of "a certain kind of sound that we wanted to work with on records after that". Eight of the eleven tracks on Prayers on Fire were written or co-written by Cave, "[it] was a kind of reaction to the major disappointments we felt when we went to England... [we] began to see a vision and I don't think we were positively influenced ... we didn't want to be like the English New Wave pop groups of the time". Pew observed "[it] stinks, quite honestly ... The engineer slept through the entire session for a start".

Reception
About.com's Anthony Carew felt Prayers on Fire was able to "capture the qualities of their infamous live-shows on record ... the evocatively-produced set dared dress key cuts in blaring brass; giving a sense of perverted-cabaret to their mordant racket, turning Cave from nihilist, self-destructive savant to theatrical, flamboyant showman". AllMusic's Greg Maurer found "a fascination with the dark, (self-)destructive side of religion is more than evident in his later work... While there might not be any of the explicit Biblical imagery on [the album] that Cave would later ejaculate, the title ... is apt". Ian McFarlane stated it showed the band was "irrevocably and unashamedly changing for the better, being more aggressive than anything they had ever recorded". SoundStageDirect described it as "a creepy carnival of tribal rhythms, wonky discordance and garbled surrealism". Music critic Ed St John summarised, "this is an expression which ebbs out beyond the confines of proficiently played music ... [it] is akin to watching a film of Jackson Pollock painting or listening to Dylan Thomas in full alcoholic flight".

The track "Ho-Ho" is featured in the 2004 German film Head-On.

Personnel

 * The Birthday Party members
 * Nick Cave – lead vocals, piano (track 7), saxophone (track 9) , drums (track 11)
 * Rowland S. Howard – guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals (track 5), saxophone (track 11)
 * Mick Harvey – organ, piano, guitar, snare drum (track 7) ,
 * Tracy Pew – bass guitar, clarinet (track 8), double bass (track 9)
 * Phill Calvert – drums

 * Equal Local members on "Nick the Stripper"
 * Phillip Jackson – trumpet
 * Mick Hauser – tenor saxophone (incorrectly credited as "Mick Hunter")
 * Stephen Ewart – trombone

 * Recording details
 * Producer – Tony Cohen, the Birthday Party
 * Engineer – Tony Cohen
 * Studios – Armstrong's Audio Visual Studios (tracks 1–5, 7–9, 12–13), Richmond Recorders (tracks 6, 10, 11)
 * Mixing studios – Armstrong's Audio Visual Studios (tracks 6, 10, 11)

 * Art work
 * Photography – Jenny, Polly Borland, Evan English (cover photo)

title: Prayers on Fire


text:
Talk:General MIDI

Some things to note: (will probably fix later) "Music Box" goes to a movie. "Tubular Bells" goes to a record album "Strings" and "String" go to different entries. "Calliope" (synth) goes to the muse, not the instriment "Kalimba" goes to a disambugation page. "Woodblock" (Patch #116) goes to the object made to make wood prints. "Bongo" goes to the antolope

 * These links have all been fixed now - Computergeek84 14:09, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

What is GM2, or "general midi 2"? --Abdull 14:42, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * See GM2 --Cyhawk (talk) 13:03, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Need disambiguation between the technology standard and the techno musical group (see http://www.myspace.com/generalmidi) -- User:dc2000

 * Has been done. --Cyhawk (talk) 13:03, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

"" This is completely wrong, should start at zero not one, so minus a number from each instrument. Many Thanks myself Paul Moore and my partner in crime Mitchel Gladwin."" (this comment was in the article, moved it to the discussion page here.)

 * This has been explained since. --Cyhawk (talk) 13:03, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Are you sure about this list of instruments in the article? The seemingly official list by MMA at http://www.midi.org/about-midi/gm/gm1sound.shtml differs subtly in a few places. It goes like this:

 * 1) Acoustic Grand Piano
 * 2) Bright Acoustic Piano
 * 3) Electric Grand Piano
 * 4) Honky-tonk Piano
 * 5) Electric Piano 1
 * 6) Electric Piano 2

Yesterday I have "fixed" MIDI, because it said that in General MIDI instrument 1 is the Grand Piano, but this page said instrument 3 was Grand Piano. If someone can tell which list is better, these things should be fixed. --Cyhawk (talk) 13:03, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

"note velocity"
Whuzzat? Loudness? (See Dynamics (music)). Please link properly, or use a more affordable term. TIA. --Jerome Potts (talk) 03:14, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

Percussion
The percussion instruments were listed in an order that appeared to mirror the MIDI numbers of the melodic ones. However, the numbering started in the 30s, and moreover, the ordering does not match that which is in my MIDI program or on my synthesizer. I left the order for now - but I did remove the numbers - but should the sounds not be grouped by "category"? For example, placing all variations of cymbals together?  -RadicalOne --- Contact Me  17:10, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Note 37 says Side Stick but the link is to Rimshot. These are two completely different things. Alensiljak (talk) 20:58, 20 February 2021 (UTC)

Additional percussion instruments were added that are not defined in the General MIDI 1.0 spec. I'm reverting those changes, as they already appear in GS extensions. Parking the ones not listed: --Brianflakes (talk) 16:55, 16 May 2023 (UTC)
 * 25 Snare Roll
 * 26 Finger Snap

Chiff
Anyone know what a Chiff?--JesusGTAFAN (talk) 20:31, 4 January 2012 (UTC)
 * A synth sound with a strong attack. - Master Bigode (Talk) (Contribs) 19:41, 14 January 2012 (UTC)

Copyright on MIDI program names
Yesterday, I received a worrying question about a similar list. The same issue would probably affect this page as well. In short, the claim is that TMA holds the copyright on the instrument list, and that publication of any modified form is prohibited. For the complete discussion, see — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.224.240.191 (talk) 08:28, 1 September 2017 (UTC)

Program change descriptions
The "GM 1 Sound Set" Web page, which is the only source cited for the list of Program Change names, explicitly says that "General MIDI does not actually define the way the sound will be reproduced, only the name of that sound." The article contains fairly detailed parenthesized descriptions for many synthesized sounds, such as "119 Synth Drum (a synthesized tom-tom derived from Simmons electronic drum)." Many of the descriptions are also about what a sound "usually" sounds like, which strongly implies original research into how a variety of different synthesizers interpret that program change number. Those descriptions certainly didn't come from the reference cited. The reference doesn't mention "the Simmons electronic drum" at all, for instance. And from the reference, which I emphasize is the only reference for the list, it actually seems that no such detailed descriptions can correctly exist at all, because the specification is limited to the names. If descriptions of sounds beyond their names are going to be included in the article, then they need a reliable source. I'm not deleting them, at least not yet, because I've heard rumours that GM is actually just a codification of the sound set that was built into a specific synthesizer produced by one of the MIDI Consortium members at the time. If that's true, if it can be sourced, and if there are good descriptions of that synthesizer's sounds, then including them in the article would be quite worthwhile to give readers some idea of what the authors of the spec had in mind, notwithstanding that the authors of the spec said they were leaving the actual sounds deliberately unspecified. I'd really like to see descriptions like this for all GM sounds - if they are really verifiable. But if the descriptions are just a consensus of what one or more Wikipedia editors believe, without a reliable source, then the article should not be presenting these descriptions as factual information. 2607:FEA8:1280:5D00:0:0:0:D06B (talk) 03:21, 23 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:General MIDI


text:
SuperValu (United States)

SuperValu, Inc., was an American wholesaler and retailer of grocery products. The company, formerly headquartered in the Minneapolis suburb of Eden Prairie, Minnesota, had been in business since 1926. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of United Natural Foods (UNFI).

On July 26, 2018, SuperValu announced that it had agreed to be purchased by Providence, RI-based United Natural Foods Inc., the largest distributor to Whole Foods Market and other natural foods stores. UNFI would pay $1.3 billion in cash and assume another $1.6 billion in SuperValu debt and liabilities. UNFI said it expects the deal to result in roughly $175 million in savings over three years and that it would divest itself of SuperValu's grocery stores.

As of June 8, 2022, the SuperValu brand seems to be discontinued for everything besides some small-scale grocery stores. The distribution facility in Hopkins, Minnesota, has been rebranded to UNFI.

History
In 1870, Hugh G. Harrison provided the money for B.S. Bull and Company, a dry goods wholesaler serving Minneapolis. Though B.S. Bull and Company was short lived, its founders went on to create a similar company. In 1926, SuperValu's direct ancestor, Winston and Newell Company, was founded from the merger of Winston, Harper and Fisher and the Newell Company, two companies founded by B. S. Bull's backers.

Winston and Newell was a charter member of the Independent Grocers Alliance in 1928, but left IGA in 1942 in favor of forming a "virtual chain" of independently owned stores that operated under the SuperValu and U-Save banners. However, it still serves as a supplier to many IGA stores. This concept proved to be such a success that in 1952, the company changed its name to SuperValu Inc. The name was modified to SuperValu in 1992.

The company was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1967.

Acquisitions
In 1955, SuperValu acquired Joannes Brothers Company of Green Bay, Wisconsin, a wholesale and retail grocer serving Wisconsin and northern Michigan since 1872. Joannes Brothers became SuperValu's Green Bay Division, moving from its original downtown Green Bay location to a modern facility in the city's suburbs.

In 1963, the company acquired the Food Marketing Corporation of Fort Wayne, Indiana, which traced its roots to the early 1800s, as Bursley & Company. The acquisition of Food Marketing brought SuperValu into the institutional market. George W. McKay, The President of Food Marketing, joined SuperValu as an Executive Vice President and later as president and Chief Executive Officer of SuperValu in 1970.

In 1971, the discount store chain ShopKo was acquired by SuperValu, Inc., and was spun off in 1991 to form a separate, publicly traded company. SuperValu retained a 46% interest in the new company, which Shopko later purchased in 1997. SuperValu founded the clothing store County Seat in 1973 and sold it to Carson Pirie Scott in 1983.

In 1975, SuperValu acquired Hornbacher's.

In 1980, the company acquired Minnesota-based Cub Foods, which operated five stores in the Twin Cities area. As of 2011, Cub is operating more than 73 stores in Minnesota and Illinois.

In the early 1990s, SuperValu started acquiring several chains such as Scott's Food & Pharmacy in 1991, Wetterau, Inc. and its holdings Shop 'n Save and Save-A-Lot in 1992, and bigg's in 1994. Scotts & Biggs have been divested. Biggs was sold to Remke Markets and Kroger bought Scotts. SuperValu acquired Richfood Holdings for $1.5 billion, adding a Mid-Atlantic distribution presence and stores including Farm Fresh Food & Pharmacy, Shoppers Food & Pharmacy, and Metro.

In 2003, SuperValu acquired the former Midwest operations of Fleming Companies from C&S Wholesale Grocers, including the Sentry Foods and Festival Foods brands.

On January 23, 2006, SuperValu announced that it, along with CVS Corporation and a collection of investors led by Cerberus Group, agreed to acquire Albertsons, Inc. for $9.7 billion. The acquisition was completed on June 2, 2006.

SuperValu acquired over 2150 stores in the deal including:
 * Acme (134 locations) (sold to Cerberus)
 * Acme Express, Jewel Express, and Albertsons Express (107 fuel centers) (units were divested to various operators)
 * Albertsons (564 locations) (sold to Cerberus)
 * Bristol Farms (15 locations) (later sold off)
 * Jewel and Jewel-Osco (198 locations sold to Cerberus)
 * Lazy Acres Market (1 location) (later sold off)
 * Max Foods (3 locations) (later rebranded Lucky)
 * Osco Pharmacy and Sav-on Pharmacy (906 pharmacies) (Stand-alones sold to CVS)
 * Save-A-Lot (2 locations franchised by Shaw's)
 * Shaw's (188 locations) (sold to Cerberus)
 * Star Market (20 locations) (7 re-branded Shaw's) (sold to Cerberus)

In 2009, former Walmart executive Craig Herkert took over for Jeff Noddle as CEO of SuperValu.

On January 6, 2011, SuperValu announced it would close 20 underperforming stores. On January 11, 2011, SuperValu reported a loss of $202 million for the quarter; revenue also fell 6% to $8.67 billion. Stock prices fell 12 percent to $7.52 per share.

In September 2011, SuperValu announced the sale of all but 27 of its fuel centers to several convenience store chains, including Tesoro, Holiday Stationstores, Couche-Tard (which operates Circle K Stores), and Stinker Stores. The company announced that it was seeking buyers for the remaining fuel centers as well.

In 2012, SuperValu operated 2,505 food and food/drug combination stores, 878 in-store pharmacies, and 117 fuel centers and served as primary distributor to an additional 2,200 stores. SuperValu also supplied a network of independent retailers (often found in smaller cities) that sometimes use the SuperValu name. However, these stores were not owned by the company. SuperValu also franchised the Cub Foods and Save-A-Lot brands to independent retailers. The company operated on a strategy of effective and efficient food distribution, conducting its retail food operations through a total of 2,349 retail food stores that were supplied by 32 distribution centers.

On July 11, 2012, after the close of trading, SuperValu reported net sales of $10.6 billion and net earnings of $41 million for the first quarter of fiscal year 2013, compared to net sales of $11.1 billion and net earnings for $74 million for the year-earlier period. Those results sent SuperValu shares down some 45% after the start of trading on July 12, 2012, and hurt performance of other outstanding SuperValu debt, including its high yield bonds and CDS (credit default swap).

On July 30, 2012, Craig Herkert was let go as CEO of SuperValu, replaced with Wayne Sales. Sales was CEO of Canadian Tire from 2000 to 2006.

In January 2013, the company announced it was selling the Acme Markets, Shaw's, and Jewel-Osco chains and their remaining Albertsons stores to Cerberus Capital Management for $100 million in cash with Cerberus assuming $3.2 billion in existing debt. SuperValu would keep its Cub, Farm Fresh, Shoppers Food & Pharmacy and Shop ‘n Save brands as well as its wholesale supply operation while the Acme, Shaw's, Star Market, and Jewel-Osco stores were reunited with Albertsons. The deal closed March 21, 2013. On March 14, 2018 Supervalu announced it would be closing 21 of its 38 Farm Fresh locations, selling 18 to Kroger and 3 to Food Lion.

On January 13, 2013, Sam Duncan, who had retired as CEO of OfficeMax in 2011, was named CEO of SuperValu. Duncan announced his retirement in October 2015.

In July 2016, it was announced that SuperValu had entered into a purchase agreement with Ahold and Delhaize Group for 22 Food Lion locations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia as part of the divestiture of stores to gain clearance from the Federal Trade Commission for the Ahold/Delhaize merger. The 22 stores were rebranded under the Shop ‘n Save retail banner.

On February 3, 2016, Mark Gross was named CEO of SuperValu, replacing Sam Duncan.

In October 2016, SuperValu announced they were selling Save-A-Lot to Onex Corporation.

In April 2017, the company announced that it had entered into a $375 million merger agreement with Unified Grocers, based in Commerce, California, in which Unified Grocers would become a wholly owned subsidiary of SuperValu when the merger is completed. The deal is expected to be finalized in late summer 2017, with the merger process then taking about two years to implement. Later in 2017, SuperValu acquired Associated Grocers of Florida.

Sale of Company
On July 26, 2018, United Natural Foods agreed to buy Supervalu for $2.9 billion in cash.

On October 22, 2018, UNFI completed the acquisition of Supervalu. Sean Griffin was named the CEO of Supervalu, replacing Mark Gross.

Overview
As a supplier to IGA stores for over 80 years, SuperValu necessarily has formed close relationships with these family owned grocery businesses, some of which have had relationships with the corporation for over two or three generations. But Walmart's newly arrived grocery competition to these stores also affects SuperValu, Inc. In addition, SuperValu is selling its Shop 'n Save stores in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania market as a result of being unable to compete with Walmart and fast-growing local chain Giant Eagle. Most will be sold to independent owners, and continue to operate under the Shop 'n Save banner. SuperValu will continue to supply all area FoodLand, Save-A-Lot and the independent Shop 'n Save locations of western Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia.

SuperValu enjoys economies of scale when dealing with the well-known national food firms like Kraft Foods, General Mills, Kellogg's, the beer manufacturers, meat suppliers, produce suppliers and dairy suppliers, as well as the health and beauty product suppliers, by purchasing in bulk and then distributing the goods by Direct Store Delivery from its distribution centers, which are located nationwide.

The ethnic foods market is an emerging sector and remains a challenge for this business, as well as the natural and organic foods sector, as there are no clear market leaders for the corporation to deal with in these sectors. It remains to be seen whether SuperValu's tradition of dealing with small grocery businesses can be extended to these emerging markets.

SuperValu brands include:

SuperValu also owns two third-party logistics firms, Advantage Logistics and Total Logistic Control. In 2005, SuperValu launched a specialty produce company, W. Newell & Company which is headquartered in Champaign, Illinois.

Chains
At the time of its acquisition by United Natural Foods in 2018, the company operated under multiple retail banners, or chains:
 * County Market over 100 locations independently owned (Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Washington, and Wisconsin)
 * Cub Foods 77 locations of which 31 are franchised (Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN and IL.)
 * Festival Foods licensed locations in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan.
 * FoodLand licensed locations in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio and Kentucky.
 * Sentry Foods 6 licensed locations in Wisconsin
 * Shoppers Food & Pharmacy 56 locations (Washington, D.C., Baltimore, MD and Northern VA)
 * Shoppers Value Foods licensed cost-plus supermarkets
 * SuperValu Pharmacies 109 pharmacies (Nationwide)

Former chains
SuperValu had previously operated other chains:
 * Acme Markets 117 locations (DE, Eastern & Northern MD, NJ, Eastern PA) Sold to Albertsons LLC
 * Albertsons 453 locations (Southern CA, CO, ID, MT, ND, NV, OR, UT, WA and WY) Sold to Albertsons LLC
 * Acme Express, Albertsons Express and Jewel Express (nationwide) Fuel centers and convenience stores - sold in 2011
 * bigg's (Cincinnati, OH; Clarksville, IN; and Florence, KY) Locations sold to Remke Markets in 2010
 * Bristol Farms (Southern CA) Spun off in 2010
 * Farm Fresh Food & Pharmacy (Norfolk, Virginia) In 2018, 21 locations sold to The Kroger Co. and Ahold Delhaize and converted to their existing brands, 6 locations were bought by independent franchisers, and the remaining locations closed.
 * Hornbacher's (Fargo-Moorhead/Grand Forks, ND/MN) 8 locations with 7 of those locations were sold to Coborns in 2018, the remaining location was in Grand Forks, North Dakota, and closed.
 * Lazy Acres
 * Max Foods (Southern CA) Locations rebranded Lucky
 * Jewel-Osco 182 locations in IL, eastern IA, northwestern IN and southeastern WI Sold to Albertsons LLC

 * Marsh Supermarkets-former Indianapolis based supermarket with 86 stores in 2013 in Ohio and Indianapolis

 * Lucky Stores 5 locations (Las Vegas and Southern CA) Sold to Albertsons LLC
 * Osco Pharmacy and Sav-on Pharmacy 722 pharmacies (Nationwide) Sold to Albertsons LLC
 * Rainbow Foods (Minnesota) Closed in 2018
 * Save-A-Lot 1250 locations of which 860 were franchised (Nationwide) Sold to Onex Corporation
 * Scott's Food & Pharmacy (Fort Wayne, IN and Northeastern IN) Sold to The Kroger Co. in 2007
 * Shop 'n Save (St. Louis, MO, Southern IL and Springfield, IL) Sold 19 locations to Schnuck Markets, Inc. Those 19 stores were converted to Schnucks stores. SuperValu closed the remaining locations on November 19, 2018 after SuperValu couldn't find a buyer for the remaining locations.
 * Shop 'n Save (Pittsburgh) (Pittsburgh-based), sold off to independent owners who collectively manage the brand. Not to be confused with the former St. Louis-area Shop 'n Save stores.
 * ShopKo Spun off in 1991, remaining interest sold in 1997
 * Shaw's and Star Market 169 locations (MA, ME, NH, RI and VT) Sold to Albertsons LLC.
 * Sunflower Market (Indianapolis) Five locations closed in 2008
 * Twin Valu (Ohio) Hypermarket concept, closed in 1996
 * KMART food supplier to all Kmart locations-Fate now defunct

Product labels
Many of the banners have "private labels".

These are the current active private label brands for SuperValu:

 * Arctic Shores - Seafood products.
 * Baby Basics - Baby products (originally an Albertsons brand)
 * Carlita - Hispanic foods
 * Cub - Store generic brand
 * Culinary Circle - Restaurant quality food
 * Essential Everyday - Private Label National Brand Equivalent
 * Equaline - OTC Pharmacy and Personal Care National Brand Equivalent (originally an Albertsons brand)
 * Farm Fresh - Store generic brand
 * Farm Stand - Produce
 * Flavorite - introduced by store 178 in year 1997, the focus of this label is low cost soda.
 * Happy Tails (now Whole Care Pet) - Line of pet foods. (originally an Albertsons brand)
 * Heritage - Liquors
 * Java Delight - Supervalu's own brand of coffee, is sourced from Distant Lands Coffee
 * Max Velocity - Energy Drinks
 * NutriPlan - Pet Foods
 * Richfood - Store generic brand
 * Shoppers Value - Extreme value generic brand
 * Stockman & Dakota - Premium beef
 * Stone Ridge Creamery - Ice cream, frozen yogurt and sherbet
 * Wild Harvest - Organic Produce, Meat and Snack Foods (originally a Shaw’s brand)
 * SuperChill - Soft Drinks and New Age Beverages
 * SuperCrunch - Snack Foods
 * Village Market
 * Wild Harvest Organic Foods - Natural and organic products

Some of the older inactive private label brands are:
 * Hillfarm
 * Economy Buy
 * Home Best
 * Essensia (originally an Albertsons brand)
 * Chateau
 * Quality Plus
 * Elf

Diversity
SuperValu received a 100% rating on the Corporate Equality Index released by the Human Rights Campaign starting in 2008.

Environment
Cub Foods and its parent company, SuperValu, was the first grocer in Minnesota to be awarded LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Gold NC2.2 Certification for one of its stores. The Cub store, located in the Phalen neighborhood of St. Paul is one of just three grocery stores in the nation to successfully achieve LEED Gold Certification.

Albertsons was the first major retailer to earn a LEED Certification on their remodeled La Habra store. It features water saving faucets, over 40 skylights, "Night" curtains over open cold cases and LED lighting.

In August 2009, SuperValu was recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for achieving their emissions target.

Accounting irregularities and practices in 2002
In June 2002, SuperValu announced it would restate previous financial reports due to accounting irregularities uncovered at its pharmacy division. As a result, shares of the company slumped 18 percent. On July 12, 2002, SuperValu lost a lawsuit over the use of improper accounting practices regarding the cost of goods sold for at least the previous four years, and paid a $4,000,000 settlement.

title: SuperValu (United States)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dr. Christopher M. Reyher

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 02:56, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

Dr. Christopher M. Reyher
Non-notable doctor who died about 70 years ago. Google turns up zero hits for "Dr. Christopher M. Reyher" and only 10 unique hits for a more general search of "Christopher Reyher". None of those hits appear to be the subject of this article. Delete Carrp | Talk 14:45, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Methinks it's vanity on behalf of grandpa.  HowardB 18:30, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:German Romanticism

[Untitled]
Personal chat. No relationship to existing articles. --Wetman (talk) 19:22, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:German Romanticism


text:
Brian O'Shea (politician)

Brian O'Shea (born 9 December 1944) is an Irish former Labour Party politician who served as Minister of State at the Department of Health from 1994 to 1997 and Minister of State at the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine from 1993 to 1994. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Waterford constituency from 1989 to 2011.

O'Shea was born in Waterford and educated at Mount Sion CBS, Waterford and St Patrick's College, Dublin. He worked as a teacher before entering politics. He was elected to Tramore Town Council in 1979, and in 1985 was elected to Waterford City Council and Waterford County Council. He served on these local authorities until 1993.

He first stood for election to Dáil Éireann at the February 1982 general election but was unsuccessful. He stood again at the November 1982 and 1987 general elections but was not elected on either occasion. O'Shea was elected to Seanad Éireann in 1987 as a Senator for the Industrial and Commercial Panel. Two years later, at the 1989 general election he was first elected to Dáil Éireann for the Waterford constituency.

In 1993, O'Shea was appointed Minister of State at the Department of Agriculture and Food with responsibility for Food and Horticulture. In 1994, he was appointed Minister of State at the Department of Health with responsibility for Mental Handicap, Public Health and Food Safety. He was party spokesperson for Defence (1997–1998); Education; Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands; Communications and Sport (1998–2002); Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs (2002–2007); and Defence and the Irish language (2007–2011).

He retired from politics at the 2011 general election.

title: Brian O'Shea (politician)


text:
Lionel Jeffries

Lionel Charles Jeffries (10 June 1926 – 19 February 2010) was an English actor, director, and screenwriter. He appeared primarily in films and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for his role in The Spy with a Cold Nose.

Early life
Jeffries was born in Forest Hill, south London. Both his parents were social workers with the Salvation Army. As a boy, he attended the Queen Elizabeth Grammar School in Wimborne Minster in Dorset.

In 1945, he received a commission in the Oxford and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry and served in Burma at the Rangoon radio station during the Second World War, being awarded the Burma Star. (He blamed the humidity there for his hair loss at the age of 19. ) He also served as a captain in the Royal West African Frontier Force.

Career
He trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He entered repertory at the David Garrick Theatre, Lichfield, Staffordshire for two years and appeared in early British television plays. Jeffries built a successful career in British films mainly in comic character roles and as he was prematurely bald he often played characters older than himself, such as the role of father to Caractacus Potts (played by Dick Van Dyke) in the film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968), although Jeffries was actually six months younger than Van Dyke, who was born on 13 December 1925.

His acting career reached a peak in the 1960s with leading roles in other films like Two-Way Stretch (1960), The Trials of Oscar Wilde (1960), Murder Ahoy! (opposite Margaret Rutherford), First Men in the Moon (1964) and Camelot (1967).

Jeffries turned to writing and directing children's films, including a well-regarded version of The Railway Children (1970) and The Amazing Mr. Blunden (1972). He was a member of the British Catholic Stage Guild.

Jeffries had a negative attitude towards television and avoided the medium for many years. He reluctantly appeared on television in an acting role in the 1980 London Weekend Television Dennis Potter drama Cream in My Coffee and realised that television production values were now little different from those in the film industry; as a result he developed a belated career in television. He appeared in an episode of the Thames Television/ITV comedy drama Minder in 1983 as Cecil Caine, an eccentric widower, and in an episode of Inspector Morse in 1990 (Central Television/Zenith/ITV).

He starred as Tom (Thomas Maddisson) in the Thames/ITV situation comedy Tom, Dick and Harriet with Ian Ogilvy and Brigit Forsyth. During location filming with Ogilvy for a 1983 episode, a stunt involving a car and a lake went very badly wrong, ending up with Jeffries only just managing to get out of the car's front window before the vehicle sank in 45 feet of water.

Retirement and death
Jeffries retired from acting in 2001 and his health declined in the following years. He died on 19 February 2010, at a nursing home in Poole, Dorset. He had suffered from vascular dementia for the last twelve years of his life. He was 83.

He was married to Eileen Mary Walsh from 1951 until his death. They had a son and two daughters. His son Ty Jeffries is a composer, lyricist and cabaret artist. Lionel Jeffries' granddaughter is the novelist and playwright Amy Mason.

His name is mentioned before the ending titles in the film The First Men in the Moon, released in 2010: "For Lionel Jeffries 1926–2010".

Filmography
Acting roles

 * Stage Fright (1950) – Bald RADA Student (uncredited)
 * Will Any Gentleman...? (1953) – Mr. Frobisher
 * The Black Rider (1954) – Martin Bremner
 * The Colditz Story (1955) – Harry Tyler
 * The Quatermass Xperiment (1955) – Blake
 * No Smoking (1955) – George Pogson
 * All for Mary (1955) – Maitre D', Hotel
 * Windfall (1955) – Arthur Lee
 * Jumping for Joy (1956) – Bert Benton
 * Bhowani Junction (1956) – Captain McDaniel
 * The Baby and the Battleship (1956) – George
 * Eyewitness (1956) – Man in Pub
 * Lust for Life (1956) – Dr. Peyron
 * High Terrace (1956) – Monkton
 * Up in the World (1957) – Wilson
 * The Man in the Sky (1957) – Keith
 * Doctor at Large (1957) – Dr. Hatchet
 * Hour of Decision (1957) – Elvin Main
 * The Vicious Circle (1957) – Geoffrey Windsor
 * Barnacle Bill (1957) – Garrod
 * Blue Murder at St Trinian's (1957) – Joe Mangan
 * Dunkirk (1958) – Colonel – Medical Officer
 * Charles and Mary (1958, TV Movie) – George Dyer
 * Up the Creek (1958) – Steady Barker
 * The Revenge of Frankenstein (1958) – Fritz
 * Law and Disorder (1958) – Major Proudfoot
 * Orders to Kill (1958) – Interrogator
 * Girls at Sea (1958) – Harry, the Tourist
 * Behind the Mask (1958) – Walter Froy
 * Further Up the Creek (1958) – Steady Barker
 * Nowhere to Go (1958) – Pet Shop Clerk (uncredited)
 * Idol on Parade (1959) – Bertie
 * The Nun's Story (1959) – Dr. Goovaerts
 * Bobbikins (1959) – Gregory Mason
 * Please Turn Over (1959) – Ian Howard
 * Two-Way Stretch (1960) – Chief P.O. Crout
 * Jazz Boat (1960) – Sergeant Thompson
 * Life Is a Circus (1960) – Genie
 * Let's Get Married (1960) – Marsh
 * The Trials of Oscar Wilde (1960) – John Sholto Douglas, Marquis of Queensberry
 * Tarzan the Magnificent (1960) – Ames
 * Fanny (1961) – Monsieur Brun (The Englishman)
 * The Hellions (1961) – Luke Billings
 * Operation Snatch (1962) – Evans
 * Mrs. Gibbon's Boys (1962) – Lester Gibbons
 * The Notorious Landlady (1962) – Inspector Oliphant
 * Kill or Cure (1962) – Det. Insp. Hook
 * The Wrong Arm of the Law (1963) – Inspector Fred 'Nosey' Parker
 * Call me Bwana (1963) – Ezra
 * The Scarlet Blade (1963) – Col. Judd
 * The Long Ships (1964) – Aziz
 * First Men in the Moon (1964) – Cavor / Joseph Cavor
 * Murder Ahoy! (1964) – Captain Sydney De Courcy Rhumstone
 * The Truth About Spring (1965) – 'Cark' / Cark
 * You Must Be Joking! (1965) – Sgt. Maj. McGregor
 * The Secret of My Success (1965) – Insp. Hobart / Baron von Lukenberg / The Earl of Aldershot / President Esteda
 * The Spy with a Cold Nose (1966) – Stanley Farquhar
 * Drop Dead Darling (1966) – Parker
 * Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad (1967) – Airport Commander
 * Camelot (1967) – King Pellinore
 * Jules Verne's Rocket to the Moon (1967) – Sir Charles Dillworthy
 * Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) – Grandpa Potts
 * 12 + 1 (1969) – Randomhouse
 * Twinky (1970) – Solicitor
 * Eyewitness (1970) – Grandpa
 * The Railway Children (1970) – Malcolm (uncredited)
 * Whoever Slew Auntie Roo? (1972) – Inspector Ralph Willoughby
 * Royal Flash (1975) – Kraftstein
 * What Changed Charley Farthing? (1976) – Houlihan
 * Wombling Free (1978) – Womble (voice)
 * The Prisoner of Zenda (1979) – General Sapt
 * Cream in My Coffee (1980, TV Movie) – Bernard Wilsher
 * Better Late Than Never (1983) – Bertie Hargreaves
 * Abel's Island (1988 short) – Gower (voice)
 * Danny, the Champion of the World (1989, TV Movie) – Mr. Snoddy
 * A Chorus of Disapproval (1989) – Jarvis Huntley-Pike
 * First and Last (1989, TV Movie) – Laurence
 * Ending Up (1989, TV Movie) – Shorty
 * Jekyll & Hyde (1990, TV Movie) – Jekyll's Father
 * Heaven on Earth (1998, TV Movie) – Isaac Muller

title: Lionel Jeffries


text:
Kathleen Lynch (politician)

Kathleen Lynch (born 7 June 1953) is an Irish former Labour Party politician who served as Minister of State from 2011 to 2016. She served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork North-Central constituency from 1994 to 1997 and 2002 to 2016.

1985 to 2009
She first held political office in 1985 when she was elected to Cork Corporation for the Workers' Party. She came to prominence as a campaigner against service charges being introduced by the corporation. When that party split in 1992, Lynch and other members of the Cork organisation were initially undecided as to their stance, but she subsequently decided to follow former party president Proinsias De Rossa and the bulk of the party's TDs into the new organisation which later took the name Democratic Left. Lynch was first elected to Dáil Éireann as Democratic Left TD for Cork North-Central at a by-election in 1994 caused by the death of Labour Party TD Gerry O'Sullivan. She lost her Dáil seat at the 1997 general election but was re-elected again at the 2002 general election, this time for the Labour Party following the merger of Democratic Left with that party in 1999.

2010s
On 10 March 2011, she was appointed by the Fine Gael–Labour coalition government as Minister of State at the Department of Health and at the Department of Justice and Equality with special responsibility for Disability, Equality and Mental Health. On 15 July 2014, she was redesignated as Minister of State with special responsibility for Primary Care, Mental Health and Disability, after her brief in Equality was allocated to Aodhán Ó Riordáin.

She lost her seat at the February 2016 general election. She remained as a junior minister until 6 May 2016 during the prolonged talks on government formation.

Shortly after losing her seat Lynch gave an interview to Catherine Shanahan of the Irish Examiner in which, among other things, she praised former cabinet colleagues James Reilly and Alan Shatter, was scathing of Leo Varadkar, Michael McDowell and Róisín Shortall, spoke of her preference for Brendan Howlin (or even Seán Sherlock) over Alan Kelly, and stated that she had no idea as to why Máiría Cahill was chosen as the party's Seanad by-election candidate.

Controversies
In April 2008, she was involved in a controversy where she wrote a letter testifying the good character of the parents of a man accused of raping two teenage sisters. The man was convicted and sentenced for 13 years. In a statement she said: "Having heard an interview with one of the victims in the case, who was clearly distressed by my letter and having considered the matter and discussed it with colleagues I now accept that it was inappropriate for a TD to have become involved in any way in a case of such seriousness. If my action has in any way added to the ordeal of the two victims in this case, then I deeply regret that and offer them my apologies."

In June 2011, Kathleen Lynch caused controversy when she appointed her husband, Bernard, to the role as a personal assistant, which is a taxpayer-funded role.

Early and personal life
Kathleen Lynch was born in Cork in 1953. She is married to Bernard Lynch and they have three daughters and one son. Bernard Lynch was a member of Official Sinn Féin. She is a sister-in-law to Ciarán Lynch who was a Labour Party TD for Cork South-Central from 2007 to 2016 and of Cork City Council Councilor Catherine Clancy, who originally had been co-opted to replace her on the council.

title: Kathleen Lynch (politician)