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List of neighborhoods in San Francisco

San Francisco, in the US state of California, has both major, well-known neighborhoods and districts as well as smaller, specific subsections and developments. While there is considerable fluidity among the sources, one guidebook identifies five major districts, corresponding to the four quadrants plus a south central district. These five broad districts, counterclockwise are: Central/downtown, Richmond, Sunset, Upper Market and beyond (south central) and Bernal Heights/Bayview and beyond (southeast). Within each of these five districts are located major neighborhoods, and again there is considerable fluidity seen in the sources. The San Francisco Planning Department officially identifies 36 neighborhoods. Within these 36 official neighborhoods are a large number of minor districts, some of which are historical, and some of which are overlapping.

Some of San Francisco's neighborhoods are also officially designated as "cultural districts".

Alamo Square
Alamo Square is a subset of the Western Addition neighborhood. Its boundaries are not well-defined, but are generally considered to be Webster Street on the east, Golden Gate Avenue on the north, Divisadero Street on the west, and Oak Street on the south. It is characterized by Victorian architecture that was left largely untouched by the urban renewal projects in other parts of the Western Addition. On a clear day, the Transamerica Pyramid building and the tops of the Golden Gate Bridge and Bay Bridge can be seen from the park's center. San Francisco's City Hall can be seen directly down Fulton Street. A row of Victorian houses facing the park on Steiner Street, known as the painted ladies, are often shown in the foreground of panoramic pictures of the city's downtown area.

Ashbury Heights
Ashbury Heights is a neighborhood on the hill to the south of the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood. It is at the base of Tank Hill and neighboring Cole Valley.

Balboa Hollow
Balboa Hollow is a neighborhood within the Inner Richmond District of San Francisco, centered around the City recognized Inner Balboa Street Neighborhood Commercial District. West of Park-Presidio Boulevard and bordering Golden Gate Park's northeast corner, Balboa Hollow is the gateway to the main park attractions, including the de Young Museum, California Academy of Science, Conservatory of Flowers, Music Concourse, and the San Francisco Botanical Garden.

Balboa Terrace
Balboa Terrace is a small residential neighborhood in southwestern San Francisco bounded by Junipero Serra Boulevard, Monterey Boulevard, Aptos Avenue and Ocean Avenue along the southern edge of the exclusive St. Francis Wood development.

The Bayview
The Bayview stretches along Third Street south of Evans Avenue, west of the Hunters Point neighborhood. The neighborhood library was recently renamed the Linda Brooks-Burton Branch Library after a new and larger building was constructed at the same location on Third Street and Revere. Within a block or two of the library are three urban gardens and public art projects, developed entirely by residents, known as the Quesada Gardens Initiative (the Quesada Garden, Bridgeview Garden, and Latona Garden). The Bayview is known for its friendly and diverse residents, warm weather and inviting vistas, community gardens, independent businesses, artists' community, and rich history as an African American and working-class neighborhood. During the 1950s it was largely an Italian, Maltese and French Basque neighborhood, centered on St. Paul of the Shipwreck Church and the Maltese American Social Club, both on Oakdale Avenue. The Bayview district was known as "Butcher Town" because of the slaughterhouse on Third Street. The area is served by the T-Third light rail line, and is home to the Bayview Opera House and City College Evans and Southeast Campus. The area is undergoing rapid development as the City tries to meet the demands of population growth and corporate investors have revalued the relatively large amount of buildable land. Hunters Point Shipyard and Candlestick Park areas are primary centers of development in the neighborhood. Despite its diversity, residents have a long history of coming together to create change and protect neighborhood assets. The Bayview Footprints Network maintains the neighborhood's longest-running blog, and the San Francisco Bay View is the local newspaper. Hunters Point Shipyard, a former Superfund site, and a polluting power plant have been focal points for environmental activists. The neighborhood was highly organized during the Civil rights movement, led by social justice advocates such as Julia Commer, Osceola Washington, Ruth Williams, Rosie Williams, Elouise Westbrook, Essie Webb, Espanola Jackson, Shirley Jones, and Alex Pitcher. Sam Jordan, boxing champion and tavern owner, was the first African American to run for Mayor of San Francisco.

Belden Place
A small neighborhood near the Financial District, being the historical location of the French Quarter in San Francisco.

Bernal Heights
Bernal Heights is a neighborhood perched on a hill in between the Mission district, Bayview, and the Portola district. The neighborhood is known for its community feeling and progressive vibe. The majority of the neighborhood is white, but there are significant Southern Italian, Latino and African American populations in the area as well. The main shopping area in Bernal Heights is Cortland Avenue, with a variety of storefronts that include a health food store, a community center, a yoga studio, bars, bakeries, and restaurants. Many of the quaint, hilly streets in the neighborhood are so narrow that two cars cannot pass in opposite directions without one car pulling over to the side of the road.

Buena Vista
The Buena Vista neighborhood surrounds Buena Vista Park, south of the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood. Market Street is to the south, and Corona Heights Park and neighborhood is to the east.

Butchertown (old and new)
Butchertown (new) (see Islais Creek) is an industrial neighborhood in San Francisco that historically housed the city's slaughterhouses. It is one of the few remaining industrial sectors of San Francisco.

Originally, Butchertown extended into the neighborhood now known as Dogpatch. Today's street borders are Cesar Chavez to the north, Interstate 280 to the west, Industrial Street and Oakdale Avenue to the south, and 3rd Street to the east. There are still two meat rendering plants in the neighborhood, and until pollution control measures were taken in 1995 the stench was still quite apparent. Butchertown is also headquarters to San Francisco's only active freight railroad, the San Francisco Bay Railroad, a Class 3 short-line carrier.

Old Butchertown was along the shores of Mission Creek on Mission Bay. Mission Bay, was subsequently to become the land-filled Mission Bay neighborhood.

Cathedral Hill
Cathedral Hill is a small area in the Western Addition neighborhood surrounding Saint Mary's Cathedral on Geary Boulevard near Gough Street. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco and Sacred Heart Cathedral Preparatory are located in Cathedral Hill.

The Cathedral Hill Hotel, a historic building previously named the Jack Tar Hotel, was closed on October 30, 2009, and was demolished in 2014 to make room for an expansion of the California Pacific Medical Center.

China Basin
China Basin is a neighborhood built on landfill along the San Francisco Bay. It lies north of Mission Creek and the Mission Bay neighborhood, and includes Oracle Park, home of the San Francisco Giants, numerous restaurants, and the Caltrain railroad station. It borders on the South-of-Market (SOMA) neighborhood to the northwest and the South Beach neighborhood to the north. The term China Basin also refers to the body of water from which the neighborhood takes its name. This inlet where Mission Creek flows into the bay, home to a number of houseboats, was once an active industrial waterfront, though in recent decades the shore has been developed with residential condominiums. The portion of the waterway adjacent to the ballpark is often referred to as McCovey Cove, named after Willie McCovey of the San Francisco Giants. The China Basin Heliport (IATA code JCC), used by the SFPD Aero Division until the division was disbanded, was located near the waterfront in the neighborhood.

Clarendon Heights
The Clarendon Heights neighborhood is in the central part of San Francisco, to the north of Twin Peaks and east of Mount Sutro. It stretches down to Corbett Avenue or Market Street, and Clarendon Avenue borders the north and west side.

Cole Valley
Cole Valley is a small neighborhood tucked into a u-shaped valley. Frederick Street is the northern boundary, Stanyan Street on the west, Clayton Street on the east, and the foothill (Belgrave Street) of Twin Peaks on the south.

Sometimes referred to as a subsection of the Haight district, Cole Valley's main street is at Cole and Carl streets, where Cole Hardware, Luke's Local and La Boulangerie cafe anchor the neighborhood, with Tank Hill in the southeast corner with views toward the ocean, Marin and the eastern half of the city.

Corona Heights
The Corona Heights neighborhood is a small affluent district in San Francisco that surrounds the Corona Heights hill and park, south of Buena Vista Park and west of the Duboce Triangle. The Randall Museum is located at the end of Museum Way, in Corona Heights Park. It is roughly bordered by Museum Way to the north, Castro to the east, Clayton to the west, and Market to the south. Corona Heights is officially designated as part of District 5 (Central), subdistrict G, also known as neighborhood 5g, by the San Francisco Association of Realtors. The community is in close proximity to The Castro neighborhood.

Cow Hollow
Cow Hollow is a generally affluent neighborhood located between Russian Hill and the Presidio and bordering the Marina District on one side and Pacific Heights on the other. The land was used for cow grazing (as its name would imply) and a settlement for fishermen (the coastline was much closer to this area than it is now). The main shopping thoroughfare is Union Street, known for its restaurants, boutique shopping, health spas, and wellness centers.

Design District
The Design District is located in the low-lying area between Townsend Street and 16th Street, west of Mission Bay. It is a mixed industrial-office-retail area, with a concentration of showrooms and upscale shops, as well as the San Francisco campus of the California College of the Arts.

Dogpatch
The "Dogpatch" is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California, roughly half industrial and half residential. It was initially a working-class neighborhood, but has experienced rapid gentrification since the 1990s. Now it boasts similar demographics to its western neighbor Potrero Hill – an upper middle-class working professional neighborhood.

Dogpatch was originally part of Potrero Nuevo and its history is closely tied to Potrero Hill. Dogpatch has its own neighborhood association but shares a merchant association, Democratic caucuses, and general neighborhood matters with Potrero Hill.

Dolores Heights
Dolores Heights is a hilly neighborhood named after the eponymous hill within the neighborhood. It borders the Castro to the north, Dolores Park to the east, Noe Valley to the south, and Upper Market to the west. Parts of it are so steep that the Muni Metro J Church line has to be routed through Dolores Park and into the Liberty Hill area before rejoining Church Street in Noe Valley at 22nd street. It contains the Liberty Hill Historic District, and the Liberty Street Historic District.

Many streets within Dolores Heights are dead-end cul de sacs connected by steep staircases with beautiful views. It is an affluent and quiet neighborhood with a mixture of Victorians, apartment buildings, and detached houses. In part due to its elevation, Dolores Heights does not have a visible homeless population as much as the Castro and the Mission District. Benefiting from Twin Peaks blocking the strong winds and fog found almost year-round in San Francisco, Dolores Heights remains relatively warm, sunny, and fog-free.

Eureka Valley
The neighborhood known as "Eureka Heights" refers to the hill streets above Eureka Valley to the west, bounded by Market Street to the north and west, Douglas Street to the east, and 22nd Street to the south. Kite Hill park falls within the boundary of the Eureka Heights neighborhood and has beautiful views of San Francisco. It's also the geographic "center" of the city.

The Financial District South
This new neighborhood stretches from Market to Brannan and Main to 3rd Streets, and will be anchored by the new Transbay Transit Center. This neighborhood is adjacent to Yerba Buena.

Forest Knolls
Forest Knolls is a neighborhood within the Inner Sunset built on the southwestern side of Mount Sutro, near the main UCSF campus. Warren Drive is the southern and western border, Mount Sutro is the northern border and the Midtown Terrace neighborhood is to the east. Homes are mostly fully detached and many have views of the San Francisco Bay or Pacific Ocean.

Golden Gate Heights
Golden Gate Heights is a hilly neighborhood south of the Inner Sunset and northwest of Forest Hill. It is roughly bordered by Kirkham Street to the north, Rivera Street to the south, 8th Avenue to the east and 17th Avenue to the west. Grand View Park is a park on a hill on the northern side of the neighborhood; Golden Gate Heights Park and Hawk Hill Park are on hills on the southern side of the neighborhood. The 16th Avenue Tiled Steps are a local attraction near Grand View Park. Golden Gate Heights has 14 blocks of stairways and more than 2,500 stairs.

Ingleside
The Ingleside neighborhood is located in the southwestern part of San Francisco, near City College. It is bordered by Ocean Avenue to the north, Ashton Avenue to the west, Lakeview Avenue to the south and Interstate 280 to the east. The Ingleside Library is located on Ocean Avenue at Plymouth, and the Bay Area Rapid Transit Balboa Park Station is at the edge of the neighborhood on Geneva Avenue at I-280 toward San Jose Avenue. The neighborhood is served by three Muni rail lines and several bus lines. The commercial center of the neighborhood runs along Ocean Avenue, which offers a range of shopping and dining institutions. The Lakeview and Ashton Mini Park is capped by a rocky outcropping providing views of the ocean and all directions.

Ingleside Terraces
Ingleside Terraces is an affluent neighborhood of approximately 750 homes built at the former location of the Ingleside Racetrack in the southwestern part of San Francisco. It is adjacent to the Ingleside neighborhood, and is bordered by Ocean Avenue to the north, Ashton Avenue to the east, Holloway Avenue to the south and Junipero Serra Boulevard to the west. The main local event that occurs is the Annual Sundial Park Picnic, in which the local residents host bicycle, chariot, and wagon racing. There is a large sundial located on Entrada Court, surrounded by oval-shaped Urbano Drive, which was once a horse race track.

The Inner Sunset
The Inner Sunset is the northeasternmost corner of the Sunset District. The commercial district around 9th Avenue and Irving Street is its general center. The neighborhood features the historic Catholic church, St. Anne of the Sunset, which was the original Catholic parish for the Sunset District and has stood at 14th and Judah for more than 100 years. The Inner Sunset is west of Stanyan Street, south of Golden Gate Park, and north of Kirkham Street (the northern border for Golden Gate Heights) but may encompass some parts south all the way to Ortega (at 8th and 9th Avenues). Today, most would place the Inner Sunset's western border at 19th Avenue. However, historically, the Inner Sunset's borders extend out to 20th Avenue where the former Market Street Railway Company's #17 line used to run.

Islais Creek
Also called Islais Landing, see Butchertown (Old and New))

Jackson Square
A six-block neighborhood, adjacent to the North Beach and Chinatown located immediately north of the Transamerica Pyramid.

Jordan Park
Jordan Park is a small neighborhood in the northern portion of San Francisco as part of the Western Addition of the city, bordered by Arguello Boulevard to the west, Geary Boulevard to the south, California Street to the north and Parker Avenue to the east. It is oftentimes mistaken as being part of the Laurel Heights or Richmond District neighborhoods.

Laguna Honda
Laguna Honda (or Forest Hill Extension) is a small neighborhood between Forest Hill and Mount Davidson. Laguna Honda Hospital and the Muni Metro Forest Hill Station are both located at the neighborhood's northeast corner near the intersection of Laguna Honda Boulevard and Dewey Boulevard. Ruth Asawa San Francisco School of the Arts high school, (SOTA) is in the southeast corner of the neighborhood on Portola Drive.

Lake Street
The Lake Street neighborhood is bounded by the Presidio of San Francisco to the north (including Mountain Lake Park and the Presidio Golf Course), Presidio Heights to the east (Arguello Boulevard), the Inner Richmond to the south (California Street), and Sea Cliff to the west (27th Avenue). It offers large and traditional San Franciscan homes including many grand Edwardians, Victorians, and Queen Annes. The Lake Street neighborhood provides ease of access to commercial strips on Geary, Clement and California streets in the Richmond, points north and south via Route 1, the Golden Gate Bridge, biking and hiking trails in the Presidio and Lincoln Park, and the Legion of Honor Museum.

Its name is derived from its proximity to Mountain Lake, one of the few remaining natural lakes in San Francisco, and Lake Street, the neighborhood's northernmost east–west artery. Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza ended his second northward expedition at the lake, stopping for two days in 1776. While here he located a site for the Spanish presidio that was later built. A plaque was placed in September 1957 near the point where he stayed.

Lakeside
Lakeside is a long, narrow neighborhood between 19th Avenue (Highway1) and Junipero Serra Boulevard to the south of Sloat Boulevard. San Francisco State University and the Stonestown Galleria shopping mall are both located opposite the neighborhood on 19th Avenue, and the Merced Library is located in the Lakeside on Stonecrest Drive at Winston Drive.

Lakeshore
The Lakeshore district is bounded by Sloat Blvd, 26th Avenue, Gellert Drive and Lake Merced. Lakeshore is west of Stonestown, south of Parkside, west of Lakeside, and east of the Zoo. Lowell High School and Lakeshore Elementary are located in Lakeshore. Lakeshore Plaza is also located here.

Laurel Heights
Laurel Heights is a neighborhood to the south of the Presidio and the Presidio Heights neighborhood, the east of the Richmond District, and the west of the Lower Pacific Heights neighborhood. It is bordered by Geary Boulevard or the University of San Francisco campus to the south, Arguello Boulevard to the west, California Street to the north and Presidio Avenue to the east. The Laurel Village shopping center is located on California between Laurel and Spruce, the California Pacific Medical Center is on California between Arguello and Maple, and a UCSF campus is located in the northeastern corner of the neighborhood.

Little Hollywood
Little Hollywood is a small neighborhood in the southeastern edge of San Francisco. It is centered around Blanken Avenue between Bayshore Boulevard and U.S. Route 101. Little Hollywood Park is located on Lathrop Avenue, and the Bayshore Caltrain station is just south of the neighborhood, on Tunnel Avenue.

Little Russia
Little Russia is a concentration of Russian-speaking immigrants along Geary Boulevard between the Russian Cathedral of the Holy Virgin at 27th Avenue and the Russian Renaissance restaurant at 17th Avenue, in the Richmond District, both established in the 1920s. The term is in local unofficial use. It is the heart of San Francisco's 80,000 Russian-Americans. The neighborhood was established in the 1920s, with subsequent arrivals in the 1940s, 1950s (from China and the Philippines) and the "Third Wave" in the 1970s and 1980s. Additional limited immigration took place after the breakup of the Soviet Union in the 1990s and 2000s.

Lower Pacific Heights
Lower Pacific Heights is located between Pine Street on the north and Geary Boulevard on the south. The area borders Japantown to the east, the Western Addition to the south, Pacific Heights to the north and Laurel Heights to the west.

Lower Nob Hill
Lower Nob Hill is the southern side of Nob Hill, and generally bounded by Geary Street to the south, California Street to the north, Larkin Street to the west, and Powell Street to the east. This area of Nob Hill was rebuilt after the 1906 earthquake as a fireproof multi-story walk-to-work residential area and is considered to be part of Nob Hill. Lower Nob Hill is also home to the first high-rise condominium in California. A region of the neighborhood is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the Lower Nob Hill Apartment Hotel District. The successful nomination was written by architectural historian Anne Buenger Bloomfield in 1991.

Merced Heights
Merced Heights, also known as Lakeview, is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of the city, west of the Ingleside and Oceanview neighborhoods. It is bordered to the south by Brotherhood Way, to the west by Junipero Serra Boulevard, to the north by Holloway Avenue, and to the east by Orizaba Avenue. The Oceanview Library is located on Randolph Street at Ramsell Street, and there are two public parks on Shields Street. Brooks Park is at Arch Street, and Merced Heights Playground is at Byxbee Street. There is also a "mini-park" at Randolph and Bright. At an elevation of 500 ft, the Shields Orizaba Rocky Outcrop is the highest point in Merced Heights.

Merced Manor
Merced Manor is a neighborhood in southwestern San Francisco, between Stern Grove and Lake Merced. It is bordered by 19th Avenue (State Route 1) to the east, Sloat Boulevard to the north, 26th Avenue to the west and Eucalyptus Drive to the south. Lowell High School is located on Eucalyptus Drive, and the Merced Manor reservoir is on Sloat between 22nd and 23rd Avenues. The Stonestown Galleria shopping mall and San Francisco State University are both on 19th Avenue to the south of Merced Manor.

Midtown Terrace
Midtown Terrace is a neighborhood in central San Francisco, on the western slope of Twin Peaks. Created as a single housing development in the late 1950s. Clarendon Avenue where it joins Twin Peaks Boulevard borders the neighborhood on the north and west. Panorama Drive winds through the neighborhood. Portola Drive borders the neighborhood's southern edge. Sutro Tower is on the northern side of Midtown Terrace, and the winding portion of Twin Peaks Boulevard that takes viewers to the Twin Peaks lookout forms the neighborhood's eastern edge. The Midtown Terrace Recreation Center is on Olympia Way at Clarendon. Views include the Pacific Ocean, San Francisco, Mount Davidson and Twin Peaks.

Miraloma Park
The Miraloma Park neighborhood is in the central part of San Francisco, between Glen Canyon Park and Mount Davidson. Portola Drive borders Miraloma Park to the north, and the neighborhood of Sunnyside is to the south. Miraloma Playground is located on Omar Way at Rockdale, and Sunnyside Playground is south of Teresita Boulevard near Foerster Street.

Mission Bay
The Mission Bay neighborhood is built on landfill located on San Francisco Bay south of Townsend Street, east of Interstate 280 and north of Mariposa Street. The new UCSF research campus at Mission Bay is part of the rapid growth of a new neighborhood of office buildings and luxury condominiums being built in an area that was formerly an industrial area dominated by rail yards. The Dogpatch neighborhood lies to the south of it.

Mission Dolores
Mission Dolores, bounded by Market Street, the Central Freeway, Valencia Street, Twentieth Street, and Church/Sanchez streets (transitioning at Eighteenth Street), is the oldest neighborhood in San Francisco and therefore its birthplace. It is named after the Spanish Mission Dolores settlement of 1776, and is a sub-area of the much larger Mission District. The location of the Mission Dolores was chosen because of proximity to the Yelamu grouping of the Ramaytush band of Ohlone-speaking peoples living in the villages of Chutchui and Sitlintac on Mission Creek which date to approximately A.D. 500. The Ohlone people together with the Coast Miwok served as laborers to build the Mission San Francisco de Asís as part of the Spanish colonization. On March 17, 2010, the San Francisco Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) unanimously adopted the final Mission Dolores Neighborhood Historic Context Statement and Survey. That document outlines the historic importance of the neighborhood. It can be found on the Planning Department's web site.

Mission Terrace
Mission Terrace is a neighborhood in the south-central part of San Francisco. It is bounded on the north and west by Interstate 280, to the east by Mission St. and to the south by Geneva Ave. Mission Terrace borders Glen Park and Bernal Heights to the north, Excelsior to the east, Outer Mission to the south, and Sunnyside, City College, and Ingleside to the west. Balboa Park and the Balboa Park Station are located in its southwest corner.

Monterey Heights
Monterey Heights is a small neighborhood on the western slope of Mount Davidson. It is bounded on the south by Monterey Boulevard and to the east by Yerba Buena Avenue.

Mount Davidson
Mount Davidson is not a neighborhood per se, but rather is encircled by the Miraloma Park neighborhood. Other nearby neighborhoods often associated with Mount Davidson include Monterey Heights, Sherwood Forest, and Westwood Highlands.

Oceanview
The Oceanview neighborhood is located in southern San Francisco, south of the Ingleside neighborhood and the Ocean Avenue campus of City College. It is bordered by Interstate 280 to the south and east, Lakeview Avenue to the north and Orizaba Avenue to the west. Oceanview Playground and Minnie and Lovie Ward Recreation Center is located in the middle of the neighborhood, between Plymouth, Capitol, Lobos and Montana. Ocean View Branch Library is located at 345 Randolph St. Oceanview is served by MUNI Routes M and 54. Oceanview, also referred to as Lakeview by the natives of the community, has a rich history.

Particularly noteworthy is its African American community, who migrated there in the 1960s from the Western Addition and Bayview neighborhoods. Until the mid-1990s African Americans accounted for over 50% of its residents, many of whom were forced out due to the rising cost of living in San Francisco. Approximately 45,000 people live in the OMI (Oceanview-Merced-Ingleside), and, as of the 2000 United States Census, 45% of the population identifies itself as Asian-American, 25% as African-American, 14% as Latino and 13% as white.

The demographic character of the OMI neighborhoods began to change after World War II. Many African-Americans, who had migrated to the Bay Area for work during the war, secured good-paying jobs and settled permanently in new homes in Ingleside, Merced Heights and Oceanview when the war ended. In 1950, African-Americans made up 5% of the population in the Ingleside, Merced Heights and Oceanview census tracts, and by 1970 the percentage had increased to 62%.

Fueled by vacant land in Merced Heights and Oceanview, the post-war housing boom, the desire to own their own homes, and the already significant presence of African-Americans in the neighborhoods, the black population exploded from 1950 to 1960. By 1960, African-Americans made up 40% of Merced Heights, 32% of Ingleside and 59% of Oceanview. While some whites moved out, generally to suburban tracts heavily marketed to them, the number of blacks living in OMI increased twelvefold (from 602 in 1950 to 7,273 in 1960), while the citywide black population less than doubled (43,000 in 1950 to 74,000 in 1960).

There is anecdotal evidence that African-Americans moved to the OMI after being displaced by the first phase of urban renewal in the Western Addition (the A-1 Project) in the late 1950s. Relocation records, while incomplete, show that the vast majority of displaced residents of the Western Addition found nearby accommodations. Of the 3,700 households of all races (family and single households) living in the project area in 1957, about 2,010 moved without relocation assistance and to unknown whereabouts. Of the remaining 1,602, 67% moved to other parts of the Western Addition and only 2.6%, or 34 households, moved to the West of Twin Peaks area.

By 1970, the OMI had matured into a middle-class district of single-family, owner-occupied homes. Seventy-six percent of the land area in the Ingleside, Oceanview, and Merced Heights neighborhoods was residential (100% was residential in Ingleside Terraces), compared with 39% citywide. The housing stock was overwhelming single family (95% vs. 68% citywide) and owner- occupied (72% vs. 31% citywide), while the population was mostly African American (63% compared with 13% citywide). In recent years, the OMI has witnessed an influx of Asian-American and other ethnic groups, making it one of San Francisco's most diverse neighborhoods. The OMI is more Hispanic, Black, and Asian than San Francisco as a whole.

The Outer Mission
The Outer Mission neighborhood is bounded by Geneva Avenue, San Jose Avenue, and Mission Street. It is bordered by the Excelsior, Outer Mission, and Ingleside. The Muni streetcar historic "car barn" is at one corner of this neighborhood. Cayuga Park is located in this neighborhood. The Cayuga Improvement Association (CIA) covers the area bounded by Interstate 280, Mission Street, Sickles and Onondaga. Some folks have attempted to define "Cayuga Terrace" as a subset neighborhood of the larger Mission Terrace neighborhood, but maps show Geneva Avenue as the cutoff.

The Parkside
Parkside is to the south of the Sunset District, mainly south of Quintara Street between 19th Avenue and Sunset Boulevard. Abraham Lincoln High School is located on 24th Avenue, and the Parkside Library is located on Taraval Street at 23rd Avenue. Stern Grove borders the neighborhood to the south.

Parnassus
South of Cole Valley and Ashbury Heights; north of Claredon Heights and Forest Knolls; east of Inner Sunset; west of Corona Heights.

Polk Gulch
Polk Gulch, a section of Polk Street is sometimes defined as the commercial section of Polk Street, roughly between Eddy Street to the south and California Street to the north. The Polk Corridor Business Association has announced in June 2006 the local business owners intend to publicize the neighborhood as "Polk Village"

Portola
Portola is a neighborhood in the southeastern part of San Francisco, northeast of McLaren Park. It is roughly bordered by San Bruno Avenue and the James Lick Freeway (U.S. Route 101) to the east, Mansell Street to the south, University Street to the west and the Southern Freeway (Interstate 280) to the north. The adjacent Portola Heights extension lies west uphill from University Street to the Excelsior District, bordering McLaren Park to the south.

Phillip and Sala Burton Academic High School (formerly Wilson High School) is located on Mansell Street, and the Portola Library is at Bacon and Goettingen streets (380 Bacon Street), between Edward Robeson Taylor Elementary School and Martin Luther King Middle School (which replaced the former Portola Junior High School). The large University Mound Reservoir is located along University Street, between Felton and Woolsey streets.

Portola (pronounced PORE-toe-luh, by denizens) was named after the old Portola School, which in turn was named after the Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portolà (credited by some as the discoverer of San Francisco Bay). Originally settled after the 1906 earthquake by Jewish and Italian immigrants, the area evolved into a community populated by nurserymen and their families who grew much of the city's flower crop there and uphill to the west in the Portola Heights extension. "The Road", as San Bruno Avenue was affectionately referred to by the locals, still hosts businesses that include bakeries, grocery stores, pharmacies, and in earlier times the Avenue Theater, now a church. The Portola was also once home to a significant population of Maltese immigrants and settlers and at one time the Maltese Consulate. According to the U.S. Census, the Asian population in the Portola has been steadily increasing since the 1990s. The Portola is marked by Census Tract 257.

Portola Place
Portola Place is a new development located in the Bayview district, and used to be a brewery. Portola Place is bounded by Williams Avenue to the north, Egbert Avenue to the south, Kalmanovitz Street and the CalTrain railroad tracks to the east, and Newhall Street to the west.

Presidio Heights
Presidio Heights is a small, affluent neighborhood located between the Presidio and the Laurel Heights neighborhood. It is bordered by Pacific Avenue and the Presidio parklands to the north, Arguello Boulevard and the Richmond District to the west, California Street (Laurel Village shopping center, previously the Laurel Hills Cemetery) and Laurel Heights to the south, and Presidio Avenue and Pacific Heights to the east.

The neighborhood's name predates the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. It is often listed together with Pacific Heights, its neighbor to the east, in real estate listings. The homes were mostly built in the early 1900s, many of which are of the Edwardian style.

There are shopping districts on Sacramento Street and on California Street in the neighborhood. The Consulate-General of South Korea in San Francisco is located at 3500 Clay Street. The Consul General of India's residence is 3435 Jackson Street.

The Jewish Community Center of San Francisco is on California Street at Presidio Avenue in Presidio Heights. The 1933 building was designed in the Mediterranean Revival Style with Art Deco details by Arthur Brown Jr.

The neighborhood was the site of the murder of Paul Stine by the Zodiac Killer near the corner of Washington and Cherry.

Rincon Hill
Rincon Hill, one of the hills of San Francisco, was a former industrial, and now a developing highrise neighborhood located south of the Financial District, in the South of Market area, as it also serves as an anchor to the Bay Bridge. Due to its proximity to downtown, following the Gold Rush this was San Francisco's first affluent neighborhood, but later became mostly industrial. Most of the natural landscape was demolished in the 1930s to make way for the Bay Bridge. After several iterations of comprehensive planning, the hill is transitioning into a pedestrian oriented, high density, mixed use neighborhood. The neighborhood is again becoming one of the premier residential spots in San Francisco with the addition of many luxury buildings, the close proximity to the water, and the increase in green space and public parks.

A marketing effort, started in 2017, attempts to give Rincon Hill and parts of South Beach / SOMA a new neighborhood name: The East Cut.

Sherwood Forest
Sherwood Forest is a small neighborhood on the south western slope of Mount Davidson, with Dalewood Way to the north and east and Lansdale Avenue to the south and west.

Silver Terrace
Silver Terrace is a neighborhood in the south eastern corner of San Francisco, between the Bayview and Portola neighborhoods. It is roughly bordered by Third Street to the east, Palou Avenue and Silver Avenue to the north, Williams Avenue to the south and Bayshore Boulevard and U.S. Route 101 to the west. A tunnel used by Caltrain runs under Silver Terrace.

South Beach
The South Beach neighborhood encompasses the moderately affluent, medium-density mixed-use blocks which border The Embarcadero and King Street from south of the Bay Bridge down to 3rd Street. From two blocks inland westward is the South of Market neighborhood, and from south of Townsend Street and west of 3rd Street begins China Basin. The most notable feature of South Beach is Oracle Park in its south-east corner.

In addition, the main buildings for the local Academy of Art University are found in South Beach.

South End
South End Historic District, San Francisco, California

South Park
Dating to 1852, South Park is a small neighborhood South of Market. It centers on the small, oval-shaped park of the same name, and South Park Street, which encircles the park.

Sunnydale
Sunnydale is a small neighborhood in Visitacion Valley located between McLaren Park and the Cow Palace. Bordered by Geneva Avenue to the south, Sawyer Street to the east, Sunnydale Avenue to the north and geographically isolated McLaren Park to the west. Known for its notoriously high crime rate and housing projects on Sunnydale Avenue, also known as "the Swamp" or "the Dale". It is the center of Visitacion Valley's African American community.

Sunnyside
Sunnyside is a medium-sized neighborhood to the north of Highway 280, bordered by the neighborhoods of Glen Park to the east, Miraloma Park to the north, and Westwood Park/Highlands to the west. In addition, City College of San Francisco (CCSF) has its main campus on the border of Sunnyside to the south. CCSF was built on a hillside formerly occupied by the city jail until 1934. CCSF has been extensively remodeled and modernized since 2000 and offers superior sports facilities, modern buildings, BART and MUNI access, and is the largest city community college in the United States. The primary shopping street is Monterey Boulevard, from Acadia Street to Ridgewood Avenue, with small businesses, restaurants, cafes, and a Safeway.

The neighborhood was developed in 1891 as land lots for single-family houses and sold through the Sunnyside Land Development Company. This company installed an electric streetcar line to access the new neighborhood from downtown San Francisco. This allowed expansion and created "suburbs" of the day. Houses were built as individual, custom homes. Developers purchased multiple lots and usually built three to ten houses of similar look and size. The neighborhood was 75% built by 1941 when World War II began. Construction resumed in 1946 and was completed in the 1980s.

The Sunnyside Neighborhood Association is the "voice" of Sunnyside and incorporated in 1975.

The residents are very diverse and from all walks of life. It is primarily a middle- to upper-middle-class neighborhood with 75% of residents owning their home. Sunnyside Park was remodeled in 2009 by the city and offers a recreation center, a children's play area and dog park.

The Sunnyside Conservatory (at Monterey Boulevard and Congo Street), built in 1902, is a botanical garden and restored hot house. It was completely restored in 2006, and now serves as a meeting and events room for community groups.

The Sunset
The Outer Sunset district includes the corridor from 46th Avenue to Ocean Beach. Some definitions also include everything west of Sunset Boulevard from Lincoln Boulevard south to Vicente Street.

Everything east of 19th Avenue is thought of as the Inner Sunset. 19th Avenue is a six-lane thoroughfare that is designated as part of California State Route 1, as it connects the Golden Gate Bridge to San Mateo County and points south. Within the Inner Sunset is a sub-district called Sunset Heights.

The current efforts to develop a comprehensive plan for this neighborhood of San Francisco is the Ocean Beach Master Plan (OBMP). The OBMP is an interagency effort to develop a long-term vision for Ocean Beach that will address a multitude of issues.

Twin Peaks
Twin Peaks refers to the hill summits near the center of San Francisco, south of Mount Sutro. For the neighborhood immediately to the west of Twin Peaks, see Midtown Terrace.

University Mound
University Mound is a neighborhood to the north of McLaren Park, and is part of the Portola district. It is roughly bordered by Silver Avenue to the north, University Street to the east, McLaren Park to the south and the Excelsior District to the west. Once considered as a location for a university campus, many of the streets running north–south in University Mound are named after universities, while those running east and west are named for famous educators. University Mound is a primarily residential neighborhood; however it contains a large reservoir, Portola Gardens assisted living community (formerly the University Mound Ladies Home), and Phillip & Sala Burton High School. The neighborhood is significantly diverse in its population it and has a varying landscape.

Upper Market
Upper Market is the area between the southern end of Market Street and Twin Peaks mainly spanning Corbett Avenue and Burnett Avenue. Clayton Street is on the north side of Upper Market, and Portola Drive is to the south.

Vista del Mar
Vista del Mar is a small neighborhood of the Outer Richmond. It is bordered by 45th and 48th avenues, and Seal Rock Drive and Balboa Street. It is also referred to as Sutro Heights.

Westwood Highlands
Westwood Highlands is a small neighborhood northeast of the intersection of Monterey Boulevard and Plymouth Avenue. The Westwood Park neighborhood is to the south, Saint Francis Wood is to the west, Sherwood Forest is to the north and Sunnyside is to the east.

Yerba Buena
This new neighborhood, anchored by the Yerba Buena Gardens, stretches from 2nd to 5th and Market to Harrison Streets. It is enhanced through the work of the Yerba Buena Community Benefit District (YBCBD ). This east boundary of this neighborhood is adjacent to the Financial District South.

Specific neighborhoods

 * San Francisco Neighborhoods (Cole Valley)
 * Cole Valley Home Page
 * Ingleside Terraces Homes Association
 * Midtown Terrace Home Owners Association
 * Mission Dolores Neighborhood Association
 * Mission Terrace Neighborhood
 * Miraloma Park Improvement Club
 * Monterey Heights Homes Association
 * Sunnyside Neighborhood Association

title: List of neighborhoods in San Francisco


text: User talk:68.192.211.255

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:68.192.211.255


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Talk:Polish Wikipedia

Old talk
I know that this is stupid to say, but is there any reason why the Polish Wikipedia has more pages than such pages as Spanish and Italian Wikipedia? I like to see Polish promoted as much as anyone and am glad to see it beat said articles. But Spanish has some 100 million+ speakers. Its one of the seven official languages of the UN. In about 25 years, there will be more Spanish-speaking Americans than English. Polish has no where near the credentials of Spanish, but still has more articles. Do Poles spend more time on the computer than Spaniards? It makes little sense. But, again, good to see.
 * I am afraid ultimate neglect of quality due to jingoism and perverted sense of competition are the answer. See the Depth Section in this article.

 * Then take a look on swedish wikipedia...
 * In Sweden probably 5 times more people have access to broadband internet then in Poland.

South America seems to have a lot less Internet access than Poland, and Spain is not linguistically uniform. So the difference in number of speakers with Internet access is smaller than the difference in raw number of speakers.

Spanish Wikipedia also had a problem due to the Enciclopedia Libre fork. Some people worked at the EL, some at the Spanish Wikipedia, and it lost a lot of its initial momentum (Spanish Wikipedia was the second largest for some time).

Still, 40-45M native speakers of Polish is not a small number, the Swedish case is much more interesting. Taw 21:09, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

In response to the original poster, only an idiot would think that the number of speakers of a language is proportional to the size of its Wikipedia. Have you seen the state of the Bengali Wikipedia recently??

For me the most funny thing about our number of articles is that we have about 70k to 100k stubs generated by bots about French and Italian communes which propably will never be developed into valually articles ;P Yeah and we're happy of being the biggest slavic wiki kicking out ru:wiki :P D_T_ G ( P  L ) 17:55, 5 April 2006 (UTC) P.S. Are we able Taw to enlarge this art to more or less Japanese Wikipedia quality level? D_T_ G ( P  L ) 17:55, 5 April 2006 (UTC) P.S. Why don't you fellows sign up (writing ~ ) ;)
 * No, we have 38k about the French and Italian communes, not 100k. See the list at pl:Wikipedysta:Tsca.bot. tsca @ 16:03, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Italian and French communes, and now more than 50k articles with the "Josef.k bot", about all the universe, NGC, asteroids, and I don't know what. Well done... Enmerkar 12:47, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

It's actually simple. Italian, portuguese and even the polish wikipedia use automated scripts, which increase the number of articles (As an example, in a few days the italian wikipedia increased in 50.000 in a few days). That's the reason to see the true size of different wikipedias. The spanish wiki doesn't use automated scripts.--87.217.159.119 (talk) 17:53, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

I have slightly expanded the article useing the info from the pl wiki. ;) ---Botev

DVD 2007
See Polska Wikipedia na DVD (z Helionem)/en. Unfortunately it is an invalid reference for wikipedia. Are there any externally published press-releases to be used for a reference? `'Míkka 00:25, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

???
although having quite low depth parameters compared to other Slavic editions.

Says who?

Semper malus (talk) 13:34, 1 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Says this site. Voyevoda (talk) 18:59, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't see such a statement there. What is the "low depth parameters" anyway? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 19:30, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The article states, The "Depth" column ((Edits/Articles) × (Non-Articles/Articles) × (Stub-ratio)) is a rough indicator of a Wikipedia’s quality. The depth of Polish Wikipedia (8) is the lowest among Wikipedias with 100,000+ articles. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Drmugg (talk • contribs) 10:24, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

I moved this statement out of the lead paragraph of the article and gave it its own paragraph. It is useful information, but was receiving undue emphasis. — ℜob C. alias ᴀʟᴀʀoʙ 01:40, 7 December 2008 (UTC)
 * It is still WP:UNDUE. "low depth parameters" are result of deleting old useless discussion etc. And why only "Depth" rating is mentioned as sth important? There is more than one method to compare wikis. Bulwersator (talk) 10:59, 24 February 2011 (UTC)

The 20-20 Vision of Wales Challenge
Many thanks for your contribution to the Challenge! Unfortunately, only one of the articles have been amended since 24th May; please have a quick look at the rules above the main table or here. We need a minimum of 2000 bytes before we can tick. I'm sorry things are not clear enough. I look forward to seeing you at the Challenge! It's good sometimes to have an international focus. Llywelyn2000 (talk) 16:00, 8 June 2014 (UTC)

Wikipedia or Wikipedii
I used Google Translate and translated Wikipedia into Polish and it translated into Wikipedii. AmirMMMMM (talk) 21:41, 15 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Polish Wikipedia


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/A Heinlein Trio

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge. -- AllyUnion (talk) 08:23, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

A Heinlein Trio
This article will never mature beyond a stub, because there isn't any content beyond stub content. It's a reprint of three books. That's all that can be said. Snowspinner 01:05, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, it's Heinlein and may be helpful to someone. Wyss 02:12, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * What content can you figure out to expand? If the article is only ever going to be a list of the three books it contains, there's no content to be helpful. We are not a card catalogue. What content can ever possibly be added to this article? Snowspinner 04:50, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Obviously useful.--Centauri 03:07, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, agree quite strongly with Wyss on this one. —RaD Man (talk) 04:29, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 05:03, 2005 Feb 10 (UTC)
 * Delete. It sets a bad precedent to have an article for a collection of previously published stories. If i wanted more info on a story in one of my Heinlein collections, i'd look up the title of the story. foobaz·✐ 05:16, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Random compilation albums, books etc are annoying. Merge into List of Heinlein books or Heinlein. Kappa 06:26, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, useful. Megan1967 06:27, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, an important compilation by one of the most influential aurhors of early science fiction. This compilation is important because of the socio-political message of all three groups. The historical context ("Pan-Asian" xenophobia) - which, although culturally acceptible aat the time, in a modern context shows what now would be considered obvious, blatant racism of the author that is not reflected, but influenced in his later work, including the cultural mileston, Stranger in a Strange Land. -- D AVODD   06:33, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * All the individual titles already have articles. What's "important" about this particular compilation? Calton 12:37, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: If there was anything in the article to indicate it was more than a random compilation, I might change my vote. Kappa 07:44, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into the "Editions" and "Publication History" sections in the articles on the individual books. All the relevant information can still be preserved, and is more useful, in those sections. Nateji77 12:28, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's an omnibus edition of three books that already have their own articles. What more could possibly be said about it that doens't go into the individual articles, or the one on Heinlein himself? Calton 12:37, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It doesn't so much matter what can be said about it, but rather that someone searching for "A Heinlein Trio" on wikipedia will find out exactly what it is on that page, which means that it will have fulfilled its purpose as an encyclopedia. —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 13:26, 2005 Feb 10 (UTC)
 * Comment: No, that would mean that WP has fulfilled a library index's purpose, which is not WP's. Barno 20:04, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into articles on the individual books. If there was evidence that this could be expanded beyond a stub, I would change my vote to "Keep". Carrp | Talk 13:30, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If anybody thinks it is a notable fact about Heinlein that his publisher decided to print three of his novels together, then it should be mentioned in the Heinlein article, or perhaps in the articles about the novels.  (We have an article on each of the three novels already.)   If a particular edition of a novel or compilation of novels was so notable to book collectors or for some other reason then we could conceivably have articles about them.  For example, perhaps the term "Heinlein Trio" occurs frequently in discussions of his work.  But the independent notability would have to be established.  It has not been in this case. --BM 15:16, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect, probably to Heinlein. Each of the novels already has a separate article.  The marketing decision to republish three of them as an anthology is not encyclopedic.  Rossami (talk) 18:50, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge relevance (as provided above by D AVODD  ) to the three stories' articles and to Heinlein. Since one term can't redirect multiple places, also Redirect to Heinlein.  I noticed as a kid that several RAH stories from a certain period had that Pan-Asian xenophobia that didn't feel like his later work.  This is "notable" to Heinlein fans, some general SF fans, and people studying racism in literature, but doesn't stand on its own as an encyclopedic item.  Agree with comments that compilations aren't generally separately notable enough for inclusion.  Barno 20:04, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, in no way warrants deletion under the Deletion policy. Dan100 21:39, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with the Bibliography section of Robert A. Heinlein and redirect. Gamaliel 05:32, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge (what little extra there is - basically the publisher and the individual titles) with Robert A. Heinlein and remove circular link from the latter. Uncle G 17:47, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. Don't see any avenues for expansion.  Noisy | Talk 01:15, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge => Robert A. Heinlein Courtland 05:47, 2005 Feb 13 (UTC)
 * Merge to Robert A. Heinlein - this volume didn't add anything to the Heinlen canon, in itself.  CDC   (talk)  03:01, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge and redirect Kevin Rector 22:46, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Dmitry Paperno

Dmitry Paperno (1929 in Kyiv – 2020 in Northbrook, IL) was a Soviet and American concert pianist.

In 1955, Paperno won 6th Prize in the V International Chopin Piano Competition, and then recorded and performed widely throughout the Soviet Union. He attended the Moscow Conservatory where he studied under Alexander Goldenweiser. Paperno recorded for Melodiya and prior to recording with Cedille Records. Paperno became a tenured professor at DePaul University after moving to the United States in 1976. He is the author of the book Notes of a Moscow Pianist.

title: Dmitry Paperno


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Norman Robertson

Norman Alexander Robertson, (March 4, 1904 – July 16, 1968) was a Canadian diplomat and was one of Prime Minister Mackenzie King's advisers.

Background and early life
Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, he was educated at the University of British Columbia and was a Rhodes Scholar attending Balliol College, Oxford.

In 1929 he started with the Department of External Affairs.

Senior diplomatic appointments
In 1941, he became Under Secretary of State for External Affairs.

From 1946 to 1949 and 1952 to 1957, he was Canadian High Commissioner in London, during which time he participated at the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II as Standard Bearer, and from 1957 to 1958 he was Canadian Ambassador in Washington, D.C.

Honours; death
In 1967, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. Robertson is buried at Maclaren Cemetery in Wakefield, Quebec. Robertson is buried at the same cemetery as fellow diplomats and friends Hume Wrong and Lester B. Pearson.

title: Norman Robertson


text: User talk:68.214.99.33

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List of Catch-22 characters

The following is a list of characters in the 1961 novel Catch-22 by Joseph Heller.

Yossarian
Captain John Yossarian is a fictional character in Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22 and its sequel Closing Time, and the protagonist of both books. In Catch-22, Yossarian is a 28-year-old Captain (later Major) and the bombardier of a North American B-25 Mitchell in the 256th Bombardment Squadron of the Army Air Forces, stationed on the small island of Pianosa off the Italian mainland during World War II. Yossarian's exploits are based on the experiences of the author; Heller was also a bombardier in the USAAF, stationed on an island off the coast of Italy during World War II. Yossarian is described as a tall, broad, Assyrian man, who frequently causes panic by starting rumors or orchestrating events that either keep him out of direct battle or somehow usurp authority. Examples of these exploits include poisoning the mess hall with bath soap, accepting an award while naked, and altering a map so a mission will be canceled.

Chaplain Tappman
Tappman (also called R. O. Shipman in some editions) is a naïve Anabaptist minister from Kenosha, Wisconsin. As he is extremely timid and terrified of authority, the chaplain is tormented throughout the novel by his rude, manipulative, atheist assistant, Corporal Whitcomb. Easily intimidated by the cruelty of others, the Chaplain is a kind, gentle, and sensitive man who worries constantly about his wife and children at home. He is described as a man of 32 years of age with tan hair, brown eyes, and a narrow, pale face. His sister is a Master Sergeant in the Marines.

Colonel Cathcart
A full colonel, Chuck Cathcart is a group commander at the USAAF base in Pianosa and is obsessed with becoming a general. As such, he does whatever it takes to please his superiors, in particular by repeatedly raising the number of missions in a tour of duty beyond norms. Ironically, this provokes no reaction from the generals, who are apathetic to the war efforts, but becomes the bane of Yossarian's and Hungry Joe's lives. He is a 36-year-old man with short graying curly hair, a tall yet beefy build, extremely pale skin, and a host of self-confidence issues. He is described as mildly conceited, and yet is found to be constantly comparing himself to others, often finding himself displeased with the conclusions he reaches. Cathcart is also obsessed with forging and maintaining a public image of extreme masculinity, most likely due to his apparent insecurity.

Doc Daneeka
Dr. Dan Daneeka is the squadron flight surgeon and a friend of Yossarian. Doc Daneeka's main motivation is for his own welfare, whether that be making money or protecting his own life. He generally forgets his moral duty as a physician except in the most extreme of circumstances. Doc Daneeka resents the military, both for drafting him and for finding out he lied on his drafting papers. He is constantly terrified of being transferred to the far more dangerous Pacific theater. Afraid of flying, he often has himself falsely listed as being aboard flights; this practice comes back to bite him when McWatt crashes a plane Daneeka is supposedly aboard and he is pronounced dead.

Milo Minderbinder
First Lieutenant Milo Minderbinder is the mess officer at the Pianosa USAAF base. He is a highly entrepreneurial black marketeer who becomes obsessed with expanding mess operations and trading goods for the profits of the syndicate (in which he and everyone else "has a share"). Milo is both a satire of the modern businessman and a living representation of capitalism, as he has no allegiance to any country, person, or principle unless it generates profit. Milo even begins contracting missions for the Germans, fighting on both sides in the battle at Orvieto and bombing his own squadron. He is capable of extreme feats of self-justification to the point of sociopathy.

Lieutenant Nately
Nately's family originally enlisted him to serve in the USAAF, believing the war would be over by the time he finished his training and that he would mingle with "gentlemen." Therefore, Nately could gain the pride of enlisting without actually having to fight. Instead, he mingled with Yossarian and Dunbar, and was sent overseas. He lives in a tent with McWatt next to Havermeyer's tent. His most notable contribution in the book is his involvement with a whore, "Nately's Whore," who is for the most part uninterested in him until he saves her from a sleepless night with generals, thus giving her an opportunity to get some sleep. He is often filled with American optimism, shown by his desire to marry his whore and send her kid sister to a respected college in the United States. He is killed on a mission when Dobbs flies his plane into Nately's. Nately's Whore blames Yossarian and spends the rest of the book trying to murder him.

Orr
A bomber pilot in the squadron who is continually being shot down and ditching in the sea. Described as "a warm-hearted, simple-minded gnome," Orr is the only person in the group considered to be crazier than his good friend Yossarian, with whom he shares a tent. Orr appears to take great joy in thoroughly confounding those around him by being completely nonsensical, though this later appears to have been deliberate. He is declared 'missing in action' halfway through the novel after another crash-landing in the Mediterranean, but it later transpires that he has intentionally rowed to neutral Sweden to escape the war. At this point, Yossarian realizes that Orr's constant crashes have been rehearsals for the escape plan, which inspires Yossarian to finally flee the army.

Snowden
Snowden is a radio-gunner in Yossarian's crew. When their aircraft is hit by anti-aircraft fire and Snowden is hit, Yossarian bandages his visible leg wound, but misses a fatal wound hidden by his clothing. This incident is generally referred to in the novel as "the death over Avignon". Yossarian obsesses over Snowden's death and loses his nerve on account of it.

Captain Aardvark
Captain Aardvark (called Aarfy) is the navigator in Yossarian's B-25 bomber (but only when Yossarian is flying in the lead ship – hence Aarfy's sporadic appearances in the air in the novel). He is oblivious to incoming flak, repeatedly gets lost on missions, and always smokes a pipe. Yossarian comments that Aarfy is just not intelligent enough to be afraid of the war. He befriends Nately in the hope of working for Nately's wealthy father after the war. Aarfy sees himself as moral and protects well-connected women from the sexual advances of other officers, but he ends up raping and murdering the innocent maid Michaela. When asked by Yossarian why he did not simply hire a prostitute, he repeats his common admonition that "Old Aarfy has never paid for it." He shows no remorse for these crimes until he begins to worry that he might be brought to justice for them.

Major Major Major Major
The ineffectual squadron commander of the base in Pianosa, who was named Major Major Major by his father as a joke – passing up the lesser possibilities of "Drum Major, Minor Major, Sergeant Major, or C Sharp Major" – and was later made a Major by an IBM machine with a sense of humor. He is disliked by most of the enlisted men in Pianosa because he was promoted so suddenly, and he chooses to remain isolated from the other people at the base, letting Sergeant Towser handle the operations of the base. He doesn't allow people to see him in his office while he is in his office; they can only see him when he isn't there. He utilizes Yossarian's alias, Washington Irving, to shirk official document duties.

Lieutenant (later Colonel and eventually General) Scheisskopf
Scheisskopf is the training unit commander for Yossarian and Clevinger, and takes a particular dislike to Clevinger. Even though Clevinger is just as serious about parades as Scheisskopf, and his ideas help the squadron win multiple parades, Scheisskopf still considers him a "wise guy", and someone that needs to be "brought down a peg or two." He is at constant odds with his wife's masochistic libido, as his severe love for parades leaves him too busy to pay any attention to her. Scheisskopf is an ambitious and humorless man who is absolutely in love with war and is only happy in life when the opposing side is losing.

Other characters

 * Appleby – A fair-haired young pilot from Iowa. He is described as being "as good at shooting craps as he was at playing ping-pong, and he was as good at playing ping-pong as he was at everything else." Appleby's character appears to represent those who thrive to a certain extent within a bureaucratic system and feel threatened by others who do not play along as much as they would like them to. He follows regulations without question and does everything he is supposed to do, managing to succeed with minimal effort at whatever he does. He believes in God, the Motherhood, and the American Way of Life.
 * Lieutenant Balkington – The officer in charge of the squadron's motor vehicles. He was forced to sign loyalty oaths every time a truck was driven down to the airfield.
 * Captain Black – The squadron's intelligence officer. Because of the lack of risk involved in not flying missions, Captain Black wanted to take over Major Duluth's position as squadron commander when the Major was killed over Perugia. He was thwarted in this by the appointment of Major Major to the position. Captain Black constantly mocks his fellow countrymen at the Pianosa airbase when they are faced by dangerous missions by telling them to "eat your liver." Since he is the camp's intelligence officer, he is not on combat duty and can therefore maintain his gleeful attitude to the men risking their lives in the air. Black is a paranoid anti-Communist and pressures all the men to take loyalty oaths, but out of personal spite prevents Major Major from taking one. He deliberately seeks out Nately's Whore on his visits to Rome and brags about their trysts to Nately.
 * Colonel Cargill – Before the war, Cargill was a successful, though completely untalented, marketing executive who was well known for being completely terrible at his job. In the Air Force, Colonel Cargill provided his legendary lack of skills as General Peckem's troubleshooter.
 * Clevinger – A highly principled, highly educated man who acts as Yossarian's foil within the story. He is a Harvard graduate whom Yossarian characterises as having "lots of intelligence but zero brains". Clevinger is very unmoving in his own opinions and is further described as such: excessively philosophical, politically a humanitarian, lacking in social tact, and a person of all facts but no passion. His optimistic view of the world causes Yossarian to consider him to be a "dope," and he and Yossarian each believe the other to be crazy. Yossarian also comments that Clevinger crusades against bigotry by balking in its face, proving Clevinger to be an extremely submissive character. During cadets course he is brought to trial and found guilty on phony charges by Lt. Scheisskopf. His plane mysteriously vanishes in a cloud and he's never seen again.
 * Lieutenant Coombs – The previous assistant intelligence officer. He dies in the same plane crash that kills Kraft.
 * Nurse Cramer – Nurse Duckett's best friend. She is a shapely, pretty, young girl who refuses to have any relations with the men at all, so Yossarian dislikes her. After Nurse Duckett starts a relationship with Yossarian, puritanical Nurse Cramer stops speaking to her.
 * Major Danby – The fighting group operations officer. An intellectual college professor with a passive and somewhat melancholic yet serene outlook on life who sees himself as a poor match for the armed services due to his lack of aggression. He briefs the airmen on upcoming missions and often acts as a mediator for disputes between enlisted men and as a confidant to most of the officers.
 * Mrs. Daneeka – Doc Daneeka's wife. When the doctor is mistakenly declared dead after listing himself fraudulently on a flight manifest for a doomed flight, she finds herself suddenly rich and widowed, and moves away, leaving no forwarding address.
 * Major de Coverley – Major de Coverley has a terrifying visage in the Biblical tradition, such that men will do his desires without his even saying a word. No one dares ask his first name, and the exact nature of the Major's duties within the bomber group is uncertain. He is Major Major's executive officer, but at the squadron base in Pianosa his only official duties are pitching horseshoes, renting apartments for the soldiers on rest leave, and kidnapping Italian laborers to help around the base. He also rapidly put an end to Captain Black's "Glorious Loyalty Oath Crusade" by demanding “gimme eat” then demanding that they “give everybody eat”. His frequent appearance during the fall of major cities makes him an object of interest to intelligence agencies on both sides, neither of which can identify him.
 * General Dreedle – The commander of the USAAF base in Pianosa, Dreedle is a blunt and ill-tempered man. He is an archetypal no-nonsense military man who does not care what the men under his command do as long as they fight and die unquestioningly when given orders. Despite this, he is generally apathetic to the war effort (having lost all drive after he was made General and he found he had "nothing more to aim for") and now mostly busies himself with harassing his son-in-law, Colonel Moodus. He despises Moodus simply because he hates weddings and does not wish to attend another one. His arch-rival is General Peckem, head of Special Services in Rome; the two men frequently have their disputes mediated without their knowledge by the desk clerk, ex-P.F.C. Wintergreen.
 * Dobbs – Originally a healthy young man, the effects of excessive combat missions have shot Dobbs' nerves, and when the narration of the book begins he is emotionally unstable and physically spent. He is described as being one of the worst pilots in the corps and his mid-air panic leads him to snatch the controls of the plane away from Huple, leading to the death of Snowden. He plots to kill Colonel Cathcart but will only do it if Yossarian tells him it's a good idea, which Yossarian never does. He shares a tent with Kid Sampson. He accidentally collides with Nately's plane, killing both crews.
 * Nurse Sue Ann Duckett – At the start of the novel Nurse Duckett does not like Yossarian; later, she has a relationship with him, jeopardizing her friendship with Nurse Cramer. She breaks off her affair with Yossarian when she decides to marry a doctor, and realizes she should not jeopardize her chances by carrying on openly with Yossarian.
 * First Lieutenant Dunbar – An airman and fellow bombardier stationed at the same base as Yossarian, on the island of Pianosa. He and Yossarian seem to have similar personalities, and so they make fast friends. Like Yossarian, Dunbar's chief goal is to prolong his life to whatever extent possible, often by cultivating boredom. He frequently accompanies Yossarian in the hospital, faking injuries to stay out of combat like his friend does. He is later 'disappeared' by the army when he becomes rebellious and unstable.
 * Major Duluth – The previous squadron commander. He was killed over Perugia.
 * Dori Duz – Scheisskopf's wife's close friend. A lively “tart” who has relations with all the men in the company once as she refuses to sleep with anyone she finds to be mediocre again. Thus, she sleeps with Yossarian once and he spends a small part of the novel pining after her since he knows she doesn't want him.
 * Second Lieutenant Anthony F. Fortiori - A patient staying in the same hospital where Yossarian is being treated for his leg wound for having a stone in his Salivary gland. He is easily pushed around by both Dunbar and Yossarian, who pull rank on him. Due to Major Sanderson getting Fortiori's official army record instead of Yossarian's, he is sent home instead.
 * Captain Flume – Captain Flume is the squadron's public relations officer, until he moves out of the trailer he shares with Chief White Halfoat after Halfoat jokingly threatens to slit Flume's throat open from ear to ear. He spends most of the book living like a hermit in the woods, which gradually drives him insane. By the end of the novel, Flume moves back into the trailer he shared with Halfoat after the latter starts dying of pneumonia.
 * Giuseppe (the soldier who sees everything twice) – A delirious soldier who creates a panic in the hospital by shouting, "I see everything twice!" Yossarian imitates him (by seeing two fingers regardless of whether a doctor holds up one, two, or none) and later impersonates him when he dies. The soldier's family does not notice that Yossarian is not their son.
 * Gus and Wes – Doc Daneeka's two orderlies, whose main activity is to paint airmen's gums and toes purple with gentian violet solution. They are extremely efficient and have a list of steps on determining if someone is sick so that there will be certainty when diagnosing. Daneeka hates them because they refuse to declare him ill so that he can go home.
 * Captain Havermeyer – Havermeyer lives in the tent next to Yossarian's, and according to Colonel Cathcart he is "the best damn bombardier we've got." This was because he insists on flying his plane dead straight to, over, and past the target despite any anti-aircraft fire he receives. Yossarian despises him because of his insistence in putting his (Yossarian's) life at stake. He is also slightly unstable and enjoys shooting mice at night with the gun he stole from the dead man in Yossarian's tent. However, despite their love of duty, even Havermeyer begins to hate the constant raising of the number of missions. By the end he also reveals his main ambitions, to not embarrass his wife and kid and to join the reserves after the war.
 * Huple – A fifteen-year-old pilot who lied about his age to get into the Army. He shares a tent with Hungry Joe on the wrong side of the railway tracks and is shy and nervous, but is a thoroughly idealistic patriot, which is why Yossarian feels sorry for him; he feels he'll probably die too young. He has a cat that constantly sleeps on Hungry Joe's face. He owns a wristwatch that Hungry Joe forces him to keep in a sock. He is the pilot flying when Snowden dies over Avignon.
 * Hungry Joe – A perverted soldier who is noted for constantly trying to photograph women nude, claiming to be a photographer for Life magazine (which, ironically, he was before the war, although none of his pictures developed correctly). He is the only pilot who consistently finished the required number of missions (but was forced to continue flying as his paperwork was always delayed until the flight limit was elevated) and has screaming nightmares until he's ordered back onto combat status. He is constantly triggered by loud or sudden noises, making Huple keep his watch in a sock due to the constant ticking and getting startled when McWatt purposefully snaps his cards. He enjoys randomly choosing diseases to worry about at will. He dies when he's suffocated by Huple's cat.
 * Sergeant Knight – The turret gunner on Yossarian's plane; he accidentally begins a panic prior to the Bologna operation when he brings extra flak jackets, causing everyone to think the target is deadly.
 * Corporal Kolodny – Captain Black's despised assistant. He erroneously reports that Bologna has been captured by the Allies after Yossarian surreptitiously redraws the lines on the battle map. Kolodny is forced to sign hundreds of loyalty oaths in Black's name each day. During a Thanksgiving party, he drunkenly shoots himself in the leg while playing with his pistol.
 * Lieutenant Colonel Korn – Colonel Cathcart's intellectual assistant and right-hand man. Korn appears alongside Cathcart throughout the novel and it becomes clear to the reader that Korn does most of the thinking and most of the work for Cathcart, who only takes the credit. Korn is portrayed as much more relaxed and less ostentatious than his superior, but much more sadistic and cynical. Much like Cathcart he has ambitions for higher military ranks but chooses to be below Cathcart and remain outside the limelight so that, if something goes wrong, Cathcart will take the fall instead of him.
 * Kraft – A man killed at the bombing of a bridge at Ferrara. Yossarian blames himself, as he ordered the planes back after they missed the first time. He was a skinny, harmless kid from Pennsylvania who only wanted to be liked. It is later revealed that his death was actually Aarfy's fault because he didn't accurately navigate them.
 * Luciana – A woman whom Yossarian briefly dates in Rome and whom he spends a great deal of the second half of the book looking for, without success. She refuses to marry Yossarian because she believes he's crazy for wanting to marry her at all.
 * McWatt – The pilot of Yossarian's plane, one of his closest friends and Nately's roommate as well. A young man who appears to be very calm and serene and whom Yossarian considers to be crazy because he remains sane during the war. He enjoys flying his plane low to scare Yossarian, which eventually leads to Yossarian choking him and threatening to murder him during one of their combat training sessions. After this, McWatt is sympathetic towards Yossarian and seems to realize that Yossarian might actually be going insane. McWatt accidentally kills Kid Sampson when flying too low and slicing him in half with a plane propeller, driving him to commit suicide by crashing his plane into a mountain.
 * Major Metcalf – One of the judges presiding over the Action Board during Clevinger's trial. He is extremely cowardly and strongly resembles Clevinger in many ways, inevitably leading to him being shipped away as well at the end of the trial.
 * Michaela – The poor, plain, simple-minded, hard-working young maid who works in the apartments where Yossarian and his unit stay while in Rome. She is a sweet and innocent girl who doesn't speak English and whom the enlisted men mostly leave alone, except when they mock her in English so she can't understand them. She is raped and murdered by Aarfy, who simply dismisses the murder as inconsequential because he's "good old Aarfy, who never pays for it".
 * Colonel Moodus – General Dreedle's son-in-law, whom the general hates and constantly tries to harass and have demoted. Moodus thinks Dreedle is a know-it-all that cannot take criticism. He is the only colonel that Cathcart trusts. He is also depicted as slightly heroic, correcting his father-in-law when the aforementioned ordered for Major Danby's execution, when even Cathcart and Korn wouldn't.
 * Lieutenant Mudd – More frequently referred to as "the dead man in Yossarian's tent," Mudd was killed in action before officially joining the squadron. Due to the bureaucratic uncertainty over the status of Mudd, no one will accept responsibility for Mudd and his belongings, and Sergeant Towser refuses to accept the man existed at all.
 * Colonel Nevers – The colonel who held Cathcart's position before he was killed on Yossarian's 23rd mission.
 * General P. P. Peckem – A pompous, pretentious and highly delusional general who desperately wants to take over General Dreedle's post as the superior commanding officer of Pianosa. Because of this ambition, he has a vicious rivalry with Dreedle and constantly tries to undermine him and have him demoted. His attempts are mostly thwarted without his knowledge by desk clerk ex-P.F.C. Wintergreen, who enjoys making Peckem look foolish.
 * Piltchard and Wren – Two captains in charge of squadron operations that are always mentioned in tandem and are in charge of organizing combat crews for missions. They are sympathetic towards Yossarian, despite his desire to avoid missions. Both are described as mild, soft-spoken men who are average in pretty much every aspect and yet love flying and so they assign themselves to every single mission.
 * Corporal Popinjay – The clerk present at Clevinger's trial; he is imprisoned for being too specific in his shorthand.
 * Lieutenant Kid Sampson – A young soldier described as having "...an angular, comical face with arched eyebrows and a scrawny blond mustache". He is killed by the propeller of McWatt's airplane. The event drives McWatt to suicide which in turn causes Doc Daneeka's bureaucratic "death". He shares a tent with Dobbs.
 * Major Sanderson – A neurotic psychiatrist who is convinced that Yossarian is mentally unstable because he acts rationally.
 * Mrs. Scheisskopf – Scheisskopf is always too busy planning parades to fulfill his wife's masochistic sexual fantasies. Instead, she sleeps with Scheisskopf's cadets, so they can all get revenge on her husband and she can get back at him for the lack of attention. She purports to be atheist but is actually a devout believer.
 * Sammy Singer – The tailgunner on Yossarian's bomber when Snowden dies. While he is just a minor character in Catch-22, he becomes one of the main characters in the sequel, Closing Time.
 * Corporal Snark – The mess sergeant before Milo Minderbinder. He was demoted for purposely poisoning sweet potatoes with soap chips, giving the squadron diarrhea, which he did at Yossarian's request. Snark is now referred to as Milo's "first chef". He is described as "...an intellectual snob who felt he was twenty years ahead of his time and did not enjoy cooking down to the masses."
 * Dr. Stubbs – The doctor in Dunbar's squadron who grounds any pilot who requests it. He falls into an existential crisis after Colonel Korn shuts down his medical tents.
 * Sergeant Towser – Major Major's assistant; he prevents anyone from seeing the Major while he is in his office, and only allows them in when the Major is gone. Due to Major Major's unwillingness to see anyone, Towser is the de facto head of the 256th squadron. Towser also holds no desire for a promotion or any interest in the war.
 * Corporal (later Sergeant) Whitcomb – An atheist who constantly antagonizes and looks to usurp Chaplain Tappman, his direct superior. He is openly rude and contemptuous, absolutely detests his seclusion in the woods, and is very easily offended. He is later promoted to sergeant by Cathcart after telling him about his idea with sending fake personalized letters to deceased soldiers families.
 * Chief White Halfoat – An American Indian whose family was forced to move from wherever they settled because oil was always discovered. He is transferred to Pianosa after Wintergreen strikes an oil pipe and nearly drowns. In the army, he works as Captain Black's assistant. He jokingly threatens to slit Captain Flume's throat while he sleeps, which accidentally drives Flume to paranoid madness. After this, he becomes Doc Daneeka's tent mate and terrorizes him as well. During the Siege of Bologna, he decides that he will eventually die of pneumonia, which he ultimately does.
 * Ex-P.F.C. Wintergreen – An ex-P.F.C. because of his constant urge to go AWOL, Wintergreen has been demoted so many times that he entertains hopes of becoming an ex-general. Due to his position in charge of mail distribution, he wields a great amount of power in the novel. By forging documents and destroying mail, he becomes more powerful than the generals. His main concern throughout the novel is humiliating General Peckem because he was the first person to have demoted him. He also frequently butts heads with Milo as they are both in the black market business.

Unnamed characters

 * The C.I.D. Investigators The first CID man is sent to investigate the excessive censoring being done by a soldier signing his name as "Washington Irving", an alias Yossarian used on a whim. He enters the hospital, posing as a patient, then comes down with pneumonia and becomes a real patient. The second CID man is sent to investigate the continued use of "Washington Irving"'s name, which is now at the hands of Major Major. He goes undercover as a pilot but blows his cover by telling everyone who he is. The two investigators end up pursuing each other instead of making any actual headway in their cases.
 * Dreedle's girl – Allegedly a nurse, she follows General Dreedle wherever he goes. She is a very attractive woman and Dreedle keeps her around to torment his son-in-law, Colonel Moodus, hoping to catch him in an adulterous situation for which he can punish him.
 * The maid with the lime-colored panties A woman with whom Yossarian paradoxically falls in love, because she is the only woman that Yossarian can't possibly fall in love with. Her charm lies in how willing she is to have relations with anyone who asks her.
 * Nately's Whore A prostitute in Rome with whom Nately is deeply in love. She despises Yossarian and is wildly apathetic towards Nately until he allows her to get some sleep. She has a young sister whom Nately is determined to send to college. After Nately dies, Nately's whore blames Yossarian for his fate and spends the rest of the novel attempting to murder him.
 * Nately's Whore's Kid Sister The young sister of the prostitute Nately fancies in Rome. After her older sister develops a mania against Yossarian, she and the prostitutes are turned out onto the streets.
 * The new recruits A group of new young officer-pilots whom Yossarian hates. They are friends from back home and are excited to take part in the war. They take over most of Yossarian's tent and throw out all of Mudd's belongings.
 * The old man in Rome – A 107-year-old man who lives in the brothel frequented by Nately. He sides with whoever is in power and mocks Nately's idealism. He reminds Nately uncomfortably of his own father for the reason that the old man is absolutely nothing like his father.
 * The Soldier in White – An unnamed soldier wrapped completely in bandages. He is connected to two bottles of unidentified liquid, one of which feeds into him through an IV, while the other drains from his catheter. When the bottles are respectively empty and full, their roles are exchanged. Dunbar claims there is actually no one under the bandages. The other patients avoid him because they dislike the fact that he is worse off than they are. The Texan is the only patient who talks to him and tries to convince the others to do so. He eventually dies without anyone realizing. Later, a burn victim named Lieutenant Schmulker is admitted to the hospital with similar bandages; the other patients experience mass hysteria, convinced that the original Soldier in White has mysteriously returned.
 * Cathcart's chauffeur and meteorologist - Two lieutenants present at the synchronization of the watches during Major Danby's briefing. After Dreedle commands for Major Danby to be taken out and shot, Cathcart turns to the lieutenants and commands them to do it. After Colonel Moodus corrects Dreedle, he orders the lieutenants to take Major Danby out of the tent in general.
 * The Texan – A patriotic soldier who keeps the men from staying in the medical ward to hide out from the war by being overly friendly. He is in the ward when Dunbar and Yossarian enter, attempting to escape their duties in their respective squadrons, but they are eventually chased out by his pleasant demeanor.

title: List of Catch-22 characters


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Orihuela

Orihuela is a city and municipality located at the foot of the Sierra de Orihuela mountains in the province of Alicante, Spain. The city of Orihuela had a population of 33,943 inhabitants at the beginning of 2013. The municipality has an area of 367.19 km2, and stretches all the way down to the Mediterranean coast, west of Torrevieja, and had a total population of 92,000 inhabitants at the beginning of 2013. This includes not only the city of Orihuela, but also the coastal tourist development hub (urbanización turística) of Dehesa de Campoamor with 33,277 inhabitants (2013) and a few other villages.

The river Segura flows through Orihuela. The city was settled by Romans who called it Orcelis and subsequently Aurariola (Latin: "breeze").

History
Orihuela is the capital of the region of the "Vega Baja del Segura" (floodplain of the Segura River), located near its mouth; it has been the capital of a province and even of a kingdom. The city was named the first city of the province of Alicante, 11 September 1437.

In 576 Orihuela was the capital of the Visigothic province of Aurariola, to which it gave its name. In 713 (5 April) the military man and Count Teodomiro, proclaimed himself King of Tudmir.

At the end of the 9th century, the city was attacked by the Vikings in the first Viking wave across the Mediterranean (858-861).

In 825 the Kingdom of Tudmir became a dependent kingdom under Umayyad control, and the capital was moved to Murcia. In 910 the Kingdom of Tudmir passed to the Emirate of Cordova.

In 1053 the principality of Murcia, part of the Kingdom of Denia, was created. In 1086 it become independent from Denia. In 1212 the area passed to the Kingdom of Murcia.

In 1304 Orihuela was considered to be on the border between the kingdoms of Castile and Aragón. In 1366 it passed to the kingdom of Valencia.

In 1437, it was declared a city and in 1507, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor made Orihuela capital of the province of Orihuela. In 1737 Alicante, Elche, Monforte, Jijona, Villajoyosa, Agost, Busot, San Juan or Mutxamel became independent from the province of Orihuela, forming the one of Alicante.

In the Middle Ages, a Jewish community was present in Orihuela until its expulsion in 1492.

1799 Orihuela was part of the province of Alicante. In 1810, Napoleon made Orihuela part of the Department of Segura with the capital at Murcia. In 1822, Orihuela passed to the province of Murcia. 1833 it became part of the province of Alicante. In 1873, during the Cantonal Rebellion, it became an independent canton after the Battle of Orihuela. In 1920 nationalistic movements spoke of Orihuela as belonging to the "country of Murcia."

Between 1988 and 2006 various research studies from the Universities of Andalusia, Castile and Murcia demonstrated that Orihuela was more culturally part of Murcia than Valencia in terms of phonetics, lexicon, architecture, agriculture, folklore, musical celebrations, instruments, language, burial customs, gastronomy and varieties.

In recent years, there has been growing support for the "independence" of Orihuela Costa (Dehesa de Campoamor) from Orihuela itself. This is due to the perception among the largely foreign born population of Orihuela Costa that they are being unfairly treated by the local government. For example, the Orihuela Costa's share in the 2010-2014 municipal budget was 6x less than that for the city itself, or 4,2% of the 295 million € budget, even though the Costa creates around 30% of municipal tax income.

City and suburbs
The municipality had a total population of 92,000 inhabitants at the beginning of 2013, of which the city of Orihuela accommodated 33,943. Another major locality within the municipality is the tourist centre of Dehesa de Campoamor, also known as Orihuela Costa, located on the coast, more than 20 km from Orihuela. It had 33,277 inhabitants at the beginning of 2013.

Only 59.6% of the local population are Spanish; the British account for almost 20%, followed by the Irish, Bulgarians and Moroccans, with around 3% each. In total there are 106 people of different nationalities were living in Orihuela as of 2013.

The metropolitan area of Orihuela includes the eleven municipalities of Vega Baja del Segura: Benejúzar, Benferri, Beniel, Bigastro, Callosa de Segura, Cox, Jacarilla, Rafal, Redován and Santomera. It had a total population of 151,358 inhabitants at the beginning of 2006, and a total area of 510.3 km2.

The municipality of Orihuela includes the following villages:
 * Arneva
 * Barbarroja
 * Camino de Beniel
 * Correntías Altas
 * Correntías Bajas
 * Correntías Medias
 * El Escorratel
 * El Mudamiento
 * Hurchillo
 * La Aparecida
 * La Campaneta
 * La Murada

The metropolitan area of Orihuela is also part of the larger Murcia-Orihuela conurbation, with a total population of 727,741 inhabitants (2006) and an area of 1,743.5 km2.

Economy
The agriculture of Orihuela is based on lemons, oranges, almonds, olives, palm trees, pomegranates, cotton, hemp and vegetables. It also has an important industry of silk, wool and preserved food. The tourism industry is today the single most important sector in the economy, and has been the main engine of growth for Orihuela in the 21st century.

Main sights

 * Orihuela Cathedral - built between the 14th and 16th centuries
 * Orihuela Castle - ruins of a mountaintop Arab castle
 * Church of Santa Justa y Rufina
 * Baroque church of Santo Domingo.
 * Santiago Apostol - a 15th-century Catholic church.

The medieval town center houses five National Monuments and an urban layout that is the result of its former rank as a University Centre and Episcopal See.

The holiday celebrations: the processions of Holy Week, and the parades of Moors and Christians, in July, are well-known celebrations.

In September 2012 the shopping mall La Zenia Boulevard opened and became the largest shopping mall in the Costa Blanca and Costa Cálida region with 150 stores and 20 restaurants and bars.

The city is home to the Franciscan convent of Santa Ana.

Notable people

 * Miguel Hernández (1910–1942), poet and playwright
 * Carolina Pascual (born 1976), rhythmic gymnast

title: Orihuela


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Talk:13818-2

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title: Talk:13818-2


text: User talk:24.153.226.7

title: User talk:24.153.226.7


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Talk:Branded and Exiled

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Jerome Lowenthal

Jerome Lowenthal (born February 11, 1932) is an American classical pianist. He has served as chair of the piano department at the Juilliard School in New York. Additionally, Lowenthal is on the faculty at Music Academy of the West in Montecito, California.

Lowenthal was born in Philadelphia. He made his debut as a solo pianist at the age of 13 with the Philadelphia Orchestra. Returning to the United States from Jerusalem in 1963, he made his debut with the New York Philharmonic, playing Bartók's Piano Concerto No. 2. Since then, he has performed with famous conductors such as Daniel Barenboim, Seiji Ozawa, Michael Tilson Thomas, Yuri Temirkanov, Leonard Slatkin, Leonard Bernstein, Eugene Ormandy, Pierre Monteux, Josef Krips, and Leopold Stokowski. He has played sonatas with Itzhak Perlman, piano duos with Ronit Amir, and with Ursula Oppens, as well as quintets with the Lark Quartet, Avalon Quartet, and Shanghai Quartet.

His studies included lessons with Eleanor Sokoloff and Olga Samaroff in Philadelphia, William Kapell and Eduard Steuermann at the Juilliard School in New York, and Alfred Cortot at the École Normale de Musique de Paris in Paris, France. A prizewinner at Queen Elisabeth Music Competition in Brussels (1960) and Busoni Competition, he is a frequent judge in international piano competitions.

He is recognized as a specialist of Franz Liszt, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Béla Bartók, and more generally of virtuoso and late romantic music. His recordings include piano concertos by Liszt with the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra and the complete Tchaikovsky concerto cycle with the London Symphony Orchestra. He has an extensive repertoire, including 59 performed piano concerti. He is the dedicatee of many new works, such as Ned Rorem's Piano Concerto (No. 3) in Six Movements, and has unearthed some rare romantic piano works, such as the Liszt Third Piano Concerto edited by his former student Jay Rosenblatt.

title: Jerome Lowenthal


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Category:Climate forcing

This category is for mechanisms which affect climate. Specific events are to be included only in the subcategory Category:Events that forced the climate.

title: Category:Climate forcing