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Juan María Bordaberry

Juan María Bordaberry Arocena (17 June 1928 – 17 July 2011), was an Uruguayan politician and cattle rancher who served as the 34th President of Uruguay from 1972 until his resignation in 1976 and the 1st President of the Civic-Military Dictatorship from 1973 to 1976. Previously, he was the Minister of Agriculture from 1969 to 1972.

He came to office following the Presidential elections of late 1971. In 1973, Bordaberry dissolved the General Assembly and was widely regarded as ruling by decree as a military-sponsored dictator until disagreements with the military led to his being overthrown before his original term of office had expired.

On 17 November 2006 he was arrested in a case involving four deaths, including two of members of the General Assembly during the period of civilian-military rule in the 1970s.

Background and earlier career
Bordaberry was born in 1928 in Montevideo, Uruguay's capital. Juan María Bordaberry's father was Domingo Bordaberry, who served in the Senate and in Ruralist leadership, and he was the heir to one of the largest ranches in the country. Initially, Juan María Bordaberry belonged to the National Party, popularly known as the Blancos, and was elected to the Senate on the Blanco ticket. In 1964, however, he assumed the leadership of Liga Nacional de Accion Ruralista (Spanish for "National Rural Action League"), and in 1969 joined the Colorado Party.

Agriculture Minister
That year he was appointed to the Cabinet, where he sat from 1969 to 1971 as agriculture minister in the government of President Jorge Pacheco, having had a long association with rural affairs (see Domingo Bordaberry).

President of Uruguay
Bordaberry was elected president as a Colorado candidate in 1971. He actually won the second-most overall votes, finishing 60,000 votes behind Wilson Ferreira Aldunate of the National Party. However, the combined Colorado vote exceeded the combined National vote by just over 12,000 votes. Under Uruguay's Ley de Lemas system, the highest-finishing candidate of the party that won the most votes was elected president.

Bordaberry took office in 1972 in the midst of an institutional crisis caused by the authoritarian rule of Pacheco and the terrorist threat. Bordaberry, at the time, had been a minor political figure; he had little independent standing as a successor to Pacheco other than being Pacheco's handpicked successor. He continued Pacheco's authoritarian methods, suspending civil liberties, banning labor unions, and imprisoning and killing opposition figures. He appointed military officers to most leading government positions.

Before and after his period of Presidential office, he was identified with schemes for agricultural improvement; his Agriculture minister was Benito Medero. In personal terms, one of Bordaberry's actions which proved in hindsight to have been disadvantageous was his appointment of Jorge Sapelli as Vice President of Uruguay, given the latter's resignation and public repudiation of him in 1973. On June 27, 1973, Bordaberry dissolved Congress, suspended the Constitution and gave the military and police the power to take whatever measures it deemed necessary to restore order. For the next three years, he ruled by decree with the assistance of a National Security Council ("COSENA").

There were several important public figures in his cabinet. During the first, democratic years, Julio María Sanguinetti, José Antonio Mora, Luis Barrios Tassano, Pablo Purriel; later, during the dictatorial period, Alejandro Végh Villegas, Juan Carlos Blanco Estradé, Walter Ravenna, Néstor Bolentini.

Ousted by military
Gradually, Bordaberry became even more authoritarian than his military partners. In June 1976, he proposed a new, corporatist constitution that would have permanently shuttered the parties and codified a permanent role for the military. This was further than even the military wanted to go, and it forced him to resign. Bordaberry then returned to his ranch.

Family
Bordaberry and his wife, Josefina Herrán, had nine children. One of Bordaberry's sons, Pedro Bordaberry, was Minister for Tourism and Industry in the government of Jorge Batlle. Another son, Santiago, is a rural affairs activist.

Arrest
On 17 November 2006, following an order by judge Roberto Timbal, Bordaberry was placed under arrest along with his former foreign minister Juan Carlos Blanco Estradé. He was arrested in connection with the 1976 assassination of two legislators, Senator Zelmar Michelini of the Christian Democratic Party and House leader Héctor Gutiérrez of the National Party. The assassinations took place in Buenos Aires but the prosecution argued they had been part of Operation Condor, in which the military regimes of Uruguay and Argentina coordinated actions against dissidents. Timbal ruled that since the killings took place outside Uruguay, they were not covered by an amnesty enacted after the return of civilian rule in 1985.

On 23 January 2007, he was hospitalized in Montevideo with serious respiratory problems. Because of his health problems the judge Paublo Eguern ordered that Bordaberry be transferred to house arrest. From 27 January he served his prison term in the house of one of his sons in Montevideo. On 1 June 2007, an Appellate Court confirmed the continuation of the case of the murders of Michelini and Gutiérrez Ruiz. On 10 September 2007, another Appellate Court opened a new case to be tried by Judge Gatti for 10 homicides, for violations of the constitution.

On 7 February 2008, the BPS, Social Security Administration, suspended Bordaberry's retirement payments as ex-president of the country.

Opposition and support
Bordaberry's arrest was generally met with satisfaction and regarded as the end of impunity in Uruguay, a country considered by some to have lagged behind other Latin American nations in this matter. However, former President Julio Sanguinetti has been critical of the one-sided prosecution of individuals involved in the conflict, and there has been lively media debate regarding issues surrounding Bordaberry's arrest.

One of his sons, Pedro Bordaberry, himself presidential candidate and a former minister, has been vocal in public support for his father and, by strong implication, for a measure of justification for the role of the civilian-military government of 1973–1985. Another son, Santiago Bordaberry, is a rancher and religious activist and has been prominent in the former President's public defence.

Conviction
On 5 March 2010, Bordaberry was sentenced to 30 years in prison (the maximum allowed under Uruguayan law) for murder and of being the intellectual author of kidnappings and disappearances of political opponents of the regime, becoming the second former Uruguayan dictator sentenced to a long prison term; in October 2009, Gregorio Conrado Álvarez was sentenced to 25 years. He had also been unsuccessfully tried for violating the constitution in the 1973 coup.

Death
On 17 July 2011, Bordaberry died, aged 83, at his home. He had been suffering from respiratory problems and other illnesses. His remains are buried at Parque Martinelli de Carrasco.

title: Juan María Bordaberry


text:
Anmitsu Hime

Anmitsu Hime (あんみつ姫), known outside Japan as Sugar Princess, is a manga series by Shosuke Kurakane. The original manga was serialized between 1949 and 1955. In 1986, Izumi Takemoto retold the original manga series, releasing it under the same title and simultaneously with the anime adaptation.

Plot
Anmitsu is a beautiful princess living happily at the Amakara Castle. The only thing is that she is a tomboy and doesn't act very ladylike. When Anmitsu turns ten years old, her parents present her with a tutor named Castella, who's from the Pudding Kingdom, in hopes of getting Anmitsu more serious about being a princess. Nonetheless, Anmitsu is still up to her usual antics and frequently escapes from the castle to have fun. However, she learns many things about the world outside the castle and about life in general in her adventures. She also makes new friends and continues to cause trouble for the royalty in Amakara Castle.

Manga
The manga was published in Kobunsha's Shōjo magazine from 1949 to 1955. The series helped boost the magazine's circulation to 700,000 copies. It was one of the most popular manga of the early 1950s.

Live-action adaptations
The first adaptations of Anmitsu Hime came in 1954 with two films. Both starred Izumi Yukimura as Anmitsu Hime. Another film was made in 1960, but with an entirely new staff and cast, starring Haruko Wanibuchi as Animtsu Hime.

Live-action television dramas

 * The first TV drama series was broadcast in 1958–1960, featuring Misao Nakahara as Princess Anmitsu.
 * The second TV drama series was broadcast in 1983–1984, featuring Kyōko Koizumi as Princess Anmitsu.
 * The third TV drama mini-series was broadcast in 2008 and 2009 in the form of two television specials. They feature Mao Inoue as Princess Anmitsu.

Anime television series
An anime adaptation, called Anmitsu Hime: From Amakara Castle was made by Studio Pierrot and produced by Tatsunoko Productions, aired on Fuji TV from October 5, 1986, to September 27, 1987, for a 51-episode run. The broadcast time is from 18:00 to 18:30 on Sunday, it is the time zone which is assigned to "Chibi Maruko-chan" since 1990.

The series is about a tomboy princess in the late Edo-period world, but with modern-day technology. This anime is tied up with the "Dream Factory" and "Sunset Meow Meow" that were planned by Fuji TV at that time, stories of Princess Anmitsu visiting the "Dream Factory" appears in this anime, and theme songs are also sung by the Onyanko Club.

 * Theme songs
 * Opening theme : Koi wa Question
 * Singer : Onyanko Club / Lyricist : Yasushi Akimoto / Composer : Akira Mitake / Arranger : Akira Mitake
 * Ending theme : "Anmitsu Great Strategy" (あんみつ大作戦)
 * Singer : Onyanko Club / Lyricist : Yasushi Akimoto / Composer : Hiro Nagasawa / Arranger : Etsuko Yamakawa

Anime staff

 * Director : Masami Annō
 * Series composition : Yoshio Urasawa
 * Scenario : Yoshio Urasawa, Yoshiyuki Suga
 * Character design : Kōji Nanke
 * Music : Kan Ogasawara
 * Sound director : Fusanobu Fujiyama
 * Animation director : Yoshiyuki Kishi
 * Art director : Torao Arai
 * Producer : Yoshitaki Suzuki (Studio Pierrot), Ryūnosuke Endō (Fuji TV), Kyōtarō Kimura (Yomiuri Advertisement)
 * Planning : Kazuo Shimamura (Yomiuri Advertisement)
 * Production Desk : Ken Hagino

Anime cast

 * Princess Anmitsu : Mami Koyama
 * Awanodango no Kami : Takuzō Kamiyama
 * Shibucha : Hisako Kyōda
 * Hikozaemon Abekawa : Jōji Yanami
 * Court Lady Ohagi : Reiko Suzuki
 * Kaki no Tanesuke : Shigeru Chiba
 * Amaguri no Suke : Yūko Mita
 * Manjū : Yuriko Fuchizaki
 * Shiomame : Sakurako Hoshino
 * Sembei : Tesshō Genda
 * Gen'ai Hiraga : Kei Tomiyama
 * Narrator : Tomoko Ōno

Video game
A Master System video game based on the series was made, and translated for the Europe, North America and Oceania markets as Alex Kidd in High-Tech World, with the main character replaced with Alex Kidd and other characters and parts of the game slightly edited to fit the change from a female to a male protagonist; where as the goal of Anmitsu Hime is to reach a cake shop in time before it closes, the localized version changes this to a game center.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Anmitsu Hime


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Roger Rogerson

Roger Caleb Rogerson (3 January 1941 – 21 January 2024) was an Australian detective sergeant in the New South Wales Police Force and a convicted murderer. During his career, Rogerson received at least thirteen awards for bravery, outstanding policemanship and devotion to duty, before being implicated in two killings, bribery, assault and drug dealing, and then being dismissed from the force in 1986.

Rogerson was also known for his association with other New South Wales detectives who are reputed to have been corrupt, including Ray "Gunner" Kelly and Fred Krahe, and also with several organised crime figures, including Abe Saffron, Christopher Dale Flannery, and Arthur "Neddy" Smith. Smith was a convicted heroin dealer, rapist and armed robber who claimed Rogerson gave him the "green light" to commit crimes in New South Wales, while Flannery specialised in contract killing.

In 1999, Rogerson was convicted of perverting the course of justice and lying to the Police Integrity Commission, and in May 2014, Rogerson and fellow former NSW detective Glen McNamara were charged with the murder of 20-year-old student Jamie Gao, and taking his supply of drugs. Both pleaded not guilty in January 2015. Their trial was started in July 2015, but was aborted when McNamara's barrister Charles Waterstreet made a reference to Rogerson "killing two or three people when he was in the police force". Following a retrial, both Rogerson and McNamara were found guilty of murder. In September 2016, both were sentenced to life for the murder of Gao.

Early life
Rogerson was born in Sydney on 3 January 1941. One of three children, he grew up in the suburb of Bankstown (moving there from Bondi at six years of age). Rogerson's father Owen Rogerson immigrated from Kingston upon Hull, England during his career as a boilermaker; his mother Mabel Boxley immigrated from Cardiff, Wales, with her parents as a youth (her English-born father Caleb Boxley was the reason for Rogerson's middle name). Rogerson attended Bankstown Central School and later Homebush Boys High School. In January 1958, he joined the New South Wales Police Cadet Service. He had two daughters by his first wife, Joy Archer.

Police career
Rogerson worked on some of the biggest cases of the early 1970s, including the Toecutter Gang Murder and the Whiskey Au Go Go fire in Brisbane. Soon after the Whiskey Au Go Go nightclub fire on 8 March 1973, Sydney detectives Roger Rogerson and Detective Sergeant Noel Morey were called to Brisbane to assist in the investigation. This was because John Andrew Stuart, accused of lighting the fire, had said criminals from Sydney were behind the nightclub extortion attempts.

By 1978, Rogerson's reputation was sufficient to gain convictions based on the strength of unsigned records of interviews with prisoners (known as "police verbals"). He was brought in to investigate the Ananda Marga conspiracy case, despite having no connections to the Special Branch investigating the case. Tim Anderson, one of the three released in 1985, claimed the confession Rogerson extracted was fabricated, and that he and two other members of the Ananda Marga group were convicted in part because of Rogerson's fabrications.

The Peter Mitchell Award was presented to Rogerson in 1980 for the arrest of escaped armed robber Gary Purdey. This was tainted by Purdey's claims that Rogerson assaulted him, prevented him from calling his solicitor and typed up to five different records of the interview.

Shooting death of Warren Lafranchi
Rogerson was responsible for the 1981 shooting death of Warren Lanfranchi. During the inquest, the coroner found that Rogerson was acting in the line of duty, but a jury declined to find he had acted in self-defence. However, it was alleged by Lanfranchi's partner, Sallie-Anne Huckstepp, and later by Neddy Smith, that Rogerson had murdered Lanfranchi as retribution for robbing another heroin dealer who was under police protection and for firing a gun at a police officer. Huckstepp, a heroin addict and prostitute, appeared on numerous current affairs programs, including 60 Minutes and A Current Affair, demanding an investigation into the shooting. She also made statements to the New South Wales Police Internal Affairs Branch. Huckstepp was later murdered, her body found in a pond in Centennial Park.

Charges of shooting Michael Drury
Fellow police officer Michael Drury has alleged that Rogerson was involved in his attempted murder. Drury claims he refused to accept a bribe Rogerson offered in exchange for evidence tampering in a heroin trafficking trial of convicted Melbourne drug dealer Alan Williams. On 6 June 1984, Drury was shot twice through his kitchen window as he fed his three-year-old daughter. Rogerson was charged with the shooting and Williams testified that Rogerson and Christopher Dale Flannery had agreed to murder Drury for A$50,000 each. However, on 20 November 1989, Rogerson was acquitted.

Trial for drug dealing
Rogerson received a criminal conviction, which was overturned on appeal, for involvement in drug dealing, allegedly conspiring with Melbourne drug dealer Dennis Allen to supply heroin.

After dismissal from the police force
Rogerson was dismissed from the New South Wales Police Force on 11 April 1986, while suspended from active service since 30 November 1984 as a result of the Drury investigation. After leaving the force, Rogerson worked in the building and construction industry as a supplier of scaffolding. He also became an entertainer, telling stories of his police activities in a spoken-word stage show called The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, with former Australian footballers Warwick Capper and Mark "Jacko" Jackson.

In 1988, Rogerson told a Bulletin reporter that he and the other lead detectives fabricated evidence. They did so because, although they 'knew' Stuart and Finch were involved, they had insufficient evidence to convict them. The police confirmed Rogerson was the 'mole' during an early 1990s secret investigation called 'Operation Graveyard'. The journalist has refused to discuss the matter.

Rogerson was subsequently convicted of perverting the course of justice in relation to A$110,000 deposited by him in bank accounts under a false name. He spent nine months in jail in 1990 before being released on bail pending an ultimately unsuccessful appeal. He spent a further three years in jail.

On 17 February 2005, Rogerson and his wife, Anne Melocco, were convicted of lying to the 1999 Police Integrity Commission. Rogerson served twelve months of a maximum two-and-a-half-year sentence. He was released from Kirkconnell Correctional Centre on 17 February 2006. Melocco was sentenced to two years' periodic detention for the same offence. Following his release from prison in 2006, Rogerson resumed his entertainment career with Mark "Jacko" Jackson by appearing in a show called The Wild Colonial Psychos with Jackson and Mark "Chopper" Read.

Writing and autobiography
In 2008, Rogerson reviewed episodes of the Underbelly series and Melbourne's underworld war in The Daily Telegraph. He also wrote about the 2009 series of Underbelly for the same paper.

In 2009, he published an autobiography about his time as a detective, entitled The Dark Side, launched by broadcaster Alan Jones.

Extortion allegations
During legal proceedings surrounding the trial against suspects involved in the 2009 contract murder of Michael McGurk, the Supreme Court heard evidence that, while in the Cooma Correctional Centre in 2014, Rogerson, McNamara, and Fortunato "Lucky" Gattellari attempted to extort Ron Medich, a businessman and suspect for masterminding the murder of McGurk.

Murder charge and conviction
On 27 May 2014, Rogerson was charged with the murder of Sydney student Jamie Gao, allegedly after a drug deal had gone wrong. On 21 January 2015, he and his co-accused, Glen McNamara (also a former police detective), were committed to stand trial over the alleged murder. On 6 March 2015, both accused were arraigned at a hearing in the Supreme Court of New South Wales. Both pleaded not guilty to the murder of Gao and also not guilty to supplying 2.78 kilograms (6.1 lb) of "ice" (methamphetamine). The men were due for trial in the Supreme Court on 20 July 2015. On the second day, the trial was aborted because of the potential prejudice caused after McNamara's then-barrister Charles Waterstreet made a reference to Rogerson "killing two or three people when he was in the police force".

A new trial started on 1 February 2016. On 15 June 2016, Rogerson and McNamara were found guilty of Gao's murder. On 25 August 2016, Rogerson and McNamara faced a sentencing hearing. The NSW crown prosecutor, Christopher Maxwell sought for the judge to sentence Rogerson and McNamara for life, stating there was no distinction between a contract killing and killing for the purpose of financial gain. One detective witness told The Daily Telegraph it was like tracking the "stars of Amateur Hour", regarding the killing of Jamie Gao.

On 2 September 2016, Justice Geoffrey Bellew sentenced Rogerson and McNamara to life in prison, with the statement "The joint criminal enterprise to which each offender was a party was extensive in its planning, brutal in its execution and callous in its aftermath". Lawyers for both Rogerson and McNamara indicated they would appeal against the sentence. However, neither Rogerson nor McNamara formally lodged appeals in time. In July 2019, Rogerson's last application for an extension of time to do so was refused by the NSW Supreme Court. Nonetheless, Rogerson lodged an appeal in 2020, which he lost. The High Court refused to allow a further appeal.

Death
On 18 January 2024, Rogerson was taken to Prince of Wales Hospital after suffering an aneurysm. He was taken off life support the following day, and died on 21 January, at the age of 83. Due to the New South Wales protocol surrounding deaths in custody, Rogerson's death is subject to both an official Corrective Services NSW and NSW police investigation, as well as a coronial inquest. As of 22 January 2024, no date has been publicly announced for either.

Media portrayals
Richard Roxburgh portrayed Rogerson in the 1995 TV mini-series Blue Murder and its 2017 sequel Blue Murder: Killer Cop.

title: Roger Rogerson


text:
Acts of Andrew

The Acts of Andrew (Acta Andreae), is a Christian apocryphal work describing acts and miracles of Andrew the Apostle. It is alluded to in a Coptic 3rd-century work titled the Manichaean Psalm Book, so it must have been composed prior to that century. By the 4th century, the stories told in the book were considered apocryphal, and the book was relegated to the New Testament apocrypha.

Historically, it was often classed as Gnostic in origin before the works discovered at Nag Hammadi clarified modern understanding of Gnosticism. It is now considered encratite—a product of an ascetical sect of Christians that forbade marriage.

Prior to the twentieth century, Acts of Andrew was known chiefly through a book about Andrew by the medieval bishop Gregory of Tours. At that time, Gregory's book was considered to be a reliable epitome of the Acts of Andrew. The first modern edition of the work was a reconstruction published in 1924 by M. R. James that based on Gregory's book. A new edition was published in 1989 by Jean-Marc Prieur based on manuscripts that had come to light in the years since 1924.

Two main manuscript traditions have been rediscovered, as well as some citations and fragments that are assumed to have come from other lost sections. One of the two longer manuscripts is an early Coptic manuscript first published by Gilles Quispel in 1956 and now held at Utrecht University Library. Of an original fifteen pages, five had survived, constituting part of one of the narratives about Andrew. In this narrative, Andrew confronts a demon possessing a soldier. The other, much longer manuscript tradition is embodied in the Greek Martyrdom of Andrew (Martyrium Andreae prius), which, when supplemented by other manuscript fragments, totals 65 chapters.

According to Prieur, the Acts of Andrew shows several signs of a mid-2nd-century origin. "The distinctive christology of the text" and its lack of mention of church organisation, liturgy, and ecclesiastical rites, lead one to "militate for an early dating". Prieur also stated that its "serene tone" and innocence of any polemic or disputes concerning its ideas or awareness of heterodoxy, particularly in the area of christology, show that "it derived from a period when the christology of the Great Church had not yet taken firm shape".

Traditionally, the text is said to have been based on the Acts of John and the Acts of Peter, and even to have had the same author, the "Leucius Charinus" who is credited with all the 2nd-century romances. Like these works, the Acts of Andrew describes the travels of the title character, the miracles he performed during them, and finally his martyrdom. In fact, Dennis MacDonald, in his book Christianizing Homer: The Odyssey, Plato, and the Acts of Andrew, speculates that the book was a Christian retelling of Homer's Odyssey.

In a separate text known by the name of the Acts of Andrew and Matthias, which was edited by Max Bonnet in 1898 and translated by M.R. James, Matthias is portrayed as a captive in a country of anthropophagi (literally 'man-eaters', i.e. cannibals) and is rescued by Andrew and Jesus; it is no longer considered to be a portion of the text of Acta Andreae.

Like those in the two books of Acts on which it appears based, the miracles are extremely supernatural and highly extravagant. For example, aside from the usual miracles of raising the dead, healing the blind, and so forth, he survives being placed amongst fierce animals, calms storms, and defeats armies simply by crossing himself. There is also a great deal of moralising - Andrew causes an embryo which was illegitimate to die, and also rescues a boy from his incestuous mother, an act resulting in her laying false charges against them, requiring God to send an earthquake to free Andrew and the boy. So much does the text venture into the realm of extreme supernatural events, that, while being crucified, Andrew is still able to give sermons for three days.

Eusebius of Caesarea knew the work, which he dismissed as absurd and the production of a heretic. Gregory of Tours was delighted to find a copy and wrote a drastically reduced recension of it about 593, leaving out the parts for "which, because of its excessive verbosity, [it] was called by some apocryphal", for which he felt it had been condemned. His free version expunges the detail that the apostle's ascetic preaching induced the proconsul's wife to leave her husband—socially and morally unacceptable to a Merovingian audience— brings the narrative into conformity with catholic orthodoxy of his time, then adds new material.

title: Acts of Andrew


text:
Northpark Mall

Northpark Mall, NorthPark Mall, or North Park Mall may refer to:

 * NorthPark Mall (Iowa) in Davenport, Iowa
 * Northpark Mall (Mississippi) in Jackson, Mississippi
 * Northpark Mall (Missouri) in Joplin, Missouri
 * NorthPark Mall (Oklahoma) in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
 * NorthPark Mall (Charlotte, North Carolina) in Charlotte, North Carolina
 * North Park Mall, a defunct mall in Villa Park, Illinois
 * North Park Mall, a defunct mall in El Paso, Texas
 * NorthPark Center in Dallas, Texas

title: Northpark Mall


text:
Farewells & Fantasies

Farewells & Fantasies is the 1997 posthumous box set of the work of singer/songwriter Phil Ochs, chronicling his life and career in music from 1964 through 1970. With its non-chronological running order, it plays like three separate albums, each showcasing a different side of Ochs. The compilation was produced by Gary Stewart, Michael Ochs (Phil's brother) and Meegan Lee Ochs (Phil's daughter). Liner notes include a foreword by Meegan Lee Ochs, "The Sound of Freedom Callin'" by Michael Ventura and "Song of a Soldier: The Life and Times of Phil Ochs" by Mark Kemp, (Music News Editor of Rolling Stone,) track-by-track explanations by Ben Edmonds, discography, selected bibliography, and many photographs, some of which are from the family's private collections. The box set is dedicated to a friend, co-writer, and inspiration to Phil Ochs, Bob Gibson, who died while the box set was in production. Its title comes from the back of Ochs' LP Tape from California.

Track listing
Disc One
 * 1) "What's That I Hear?"
 * 2) "The Bells"
 * 3) "Morning" (previously unreleased)
 * 4) "Bound for Glory"
 * 5) "The Highwayman"
 * 6) "The Power and the Glory"
 * 7) "That's What I Want to Hear"
 * 8) "Links On The Chain"
 * 9) "Love Me, I'm a Liberal"
 * 10) "Too Many Martyrs"
 * 11) "In the Heat of the Summer"
 * 12) "Here's to the State of Mississippi"
 * 13) "I'm Going To Say It Now"
 * 14) "One More Parade"
 * 15) "Draft Dodger Rag"
 * 16) "I Ain't Marching Anymore"
 * 17) "We Seek No Wider War"
 * 18) "Ringing of Revolution"
 * 19) "When I'm Gone"
 * 20) "Song of My Returning"
 * 21) "There but for Fortune"

Disc Two
 * 1) "The War Is Over"
 * 2) "I Ain't Marching Anymore" (electric)
 * 3) "White Boots Marching in a Yellow Land"
 * 4) "Is There Anybody Here"
 * 5) "Santo Domingo"
 * 6) "Song of a Soldier" (unreleased)
 * 7) "Cops of the World"
 * 8) "Bracero"
 * 9) "Canons of Christianity"
 * 10) "I Kill Therefore I Am"
 * 11) "The Confession" (unreleased)
 * 12) "William Butler Yeats Visits Lincoln Park and Escapes Unscathed"
 * 13) "A Toast to Those Who Are Gone"
 * 14) "Changes"
 * 15) "The Doll House"
 * 16) "When in Rome"

Disc Three
 * 1) "Pretty Smart on My Part"
 * 2) "The World Began in Eden and Ended in Los Angeles" (live)
 * 3) "Tape From California" (live)
 * 4) "Chords of Fame"
 * 5) "Gas Station Women"
 * 6) "Miranda"
 * 7) "Outside of a Small Circle of Friends"
 * 8) "Cross My Heart"
 * 9) "Flower Lady"
 * 10) "The Scorpion Departs but Never Returns"
 * 11) "Pleasures of the Harbor"
 * 12) "Jim Dean Of Indiana"
 * 13) "Rehearsals for Retirement"
 * 14) "Doesn't Lenny Live Here Anymore"
 * 15) "No More Songs"
 * 16) "Crucifixion" (live)

title: Farewells & Fantasies


text:
Dr Alimantado

Dr Alimantado (born Winston James Thompson; 1952), also known as The Ital Surgeon, is a Jamaican reggae singer, deejay, and producer.

Life and career
Thompson adopted the Rastafarian faith at an early age. He honed his talents on local sound systems such as Coxsone Dodd's 'Downbeat' and 'Lord Tippertone', and started to record very young under various names (Winston Price, Winston Cool, Ital Winston, or Youth Winston). His first recordings were for Lee "Scratch" Perry and Bunny Lee - "Place Called Africa Version 3" and "Maccabees Version". He returned to Lee "Scratch" Perry in 1976, recording the DJ portion of Devon Irons' 12" "Ketch Vampire". Between 1971 and 1977 his singles were unreleased outside Jamaica, only being available in the UK on import. He built his reputation with tunes such as "Oil Crisis" (versioning Horace Andy's "Ain't No Sunshine", originally by Bill Withers), "Sons of Thunder", (toasting over Jackie Brown's "Wiser Dread"), "Gimme Mi Gun" on Gregory Isaacs' "Thief a Man" and "Poison Flour", on a recut of The Paragons "Man Next Door" rhythm. He achieved more stable success and renown in the mid to late 1970s, with his best-known album being Best Dressed Chicken in Town (1978), a Greensleeves Records collection of tracks recorded in the mid-1970s, featuring Alimantado toasting over singers such as John Holt, Gregory Isaacs, Jackie Edwards and Horace Andy. His tunes mixed his Rastafari movement beliefs with commentary on events then going on in his community; "Poison Flour" referenced a January 1976 incident when 79 persons in Jamaica were acutely poisoned by consuming flour, contaminated by leakage of the insecticide parathion in a ship's hold. Seventeen died.

Alimantado became popular with punk rockers in the 1970s following Johnny Rotten praising him in an interview. He was mentioned in the 1979 song "Rudie Can't Fail" by The Clash in the line "Like the doctor who was born for a purpose".

He recorded "Born for a Purpose" in 1977 at Channel One Studios, one of Alimantado's biggest hits (along with "A Place Called Africa"). "Born for a Purpose" was originally released on his Vital Food label, and told of his Rastafarian faith supporting him after bus driver had driven into him in Kingston on 26 December 1976, causing serious injuries. Bim Sherman provided backing vocals on the track. The musicians who played on the record did so without payment. The single, and its accompanying version "Still Alive" were released in the UK firstly as two 7" 45s, then as a 12", featuring the full extended mixes. By 1977, he had largely abandoned his toasting style, apart from occasional records such as "Go Deh Natty Go Deh" on a heavily dubbed mix of Delroy Wilson's "Trying to Conquer Me", preferring to release singing tunes, including "Mama (I Thank You)", "Jah Love Forever", and a cover of Billy Stewart's "Sitting in the Park".

Following the success of Best Dressed Chicken and its follow-up compilation Sons of Thunder he signed to Virgin Records as a singer. While not without vocal talent, his singing records never captured the public imagination to the extent that his "toasting" records did.

His last recording appears to be "Stop Your Fighting" for the Mad Professor's Ariwa label, on a Channel One Studios remake of Horace Andy's "Fever" rhythm. He is a member of the Rastafari movement.

The film Hancock used the song "Best Dressed Chicken in Town".

2009 marked the 30th anniversary of the issue of Best Dressed Chicken in Town. To mark the occasion, Alimantado re-released the album in its original sleeves with a bonus DVD on his own Keyman Records label.

title: Dr Alimantado


text:
Diocles (mathematician)

Diocles (Διοκλῆς; c. 240 BC – c. 180 BC) was a Greek mathematician and geometer.

Life and work
Although little is known about the life of Diocles, it is known that he was a contemporary of Apollonius and that he flourished sometime around the end of the 3rd century BC and the beginning of the 2nd century BC.

Diocles is thought to be the first person to prove the focal property of the parabola. His name is associated with the geometric curve called the Cissoid of Diocles, which was used by Diocles to solve the problem of doubling the cube. The curve was alluded to by Proclus in his commentary on Euclid and attributed to Diocles by Geminus as early as the beginning of the 1st century.

Fragments of a work by Diocles entitled On burning mirrors were preserved by Eutocius in his commentary of Archimedes' On the Sphere and the Cylinder and also survived in an Arabic translation of the lost Greek original titled Kitāb Dhiyūqlīs fī l-marāyā l-muḥriqa (lit. “The book of Diocles on burning mirrors”). Historically, On burning mirrors had a large influence on Arabic mathematicians, particularly on al-Haytham, the 11th-century polymath of Cairo whom Europeans knew as "Alhazen". The treatise contains sixteen propositions that are proved by conic sections. One of the fragments contains propositions seven and eight, which is a solution to the problem of dividing a sphere by a plane so that the resulting two volumes are in a given ratio. Proposition ten gives a solution to the problem of doubling the cube. This is equivalent to solving a certain cubic equation. Another fragment contains propositions eleven and twelve, which use the cissoid to solve the problem of finding two mean proportionals in between two magnitudes. Since this treatise covers more topics than just burning mirrors, it may be the case that On burning mirrors is the aggregate of three shorter works by Diocles. In the same work, Diocles, just after demonstrating that the parabolic mirror could focus the rays in a single point, he mentioned that It is possible to obtain a lens with the same property.

title: Diocles (mathematician)


text:
Talk:Serpent Mound

Untitled
I've done some major expanding on this page. If you could clean it up or wikify it more, it would be greatly appreciated. Last Pantagruelist 03:41, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The first image is dead...anyone know why? Alex 03:44, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
 * deleted? I just noticed the same thing.  Annoying.  +sj  +  18:22, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

Nice article - one quibble regarding Serpent Mound and cryptoexplosion structure

"Though the meaning is grounds for debate, the mound's placement on such an area is almost undoubtedly not by coincidence"

I would argue that it is likely coincidence and they they simply chose a local topographic high. The structure is several km across and the mound is not in the center but rather at the rim uplift. The word "undoubtedly" seems strong.

Otherwise it suggests that the mound builders knew that the local geology was slightly anomalous (at least by Ohio standards). I would argue that while the builders were undoubtedly keen observers and may have noted some differences, the change in bedrock geology definitely not obvious, especially prior to roadcuts, quarries, and the like. It is clear that the meteor or possibly volcanic explosion occurred tens of millions of years before humans existed.

There are a few minerals (flourite, etc) that are rare in this part of Ohio that occur in the Serpent Mound disturbance and maybe those were noticed but otherwise it takes systematic mapping of faults, strikes, and dips to identify it.

HEAD
The article should be titled, IMO, "Great Serpent Mound" vice "Serpent Mound"--there are other serpent mounds such as the serpent mound in Ross County Ohio! Thoughts? Doc Rock 16:10, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

Sexual interpretation
The 1848 map illustration suggests an obvious sperm/vagina interpretation, but the article does not seem to mention any sexual possibilities. -69.87.200.153 22:57, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Although I suppose I see what you mean, it is unlikely prehistoric Native Americans had ever seen sperm, which are microscopic. TriNotch 05:34, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Bad introduction
The present introduction contains a detailed description of the snake figure which does not belong in the introductory paragraph at all. Other stuff belongs in the introduction however that aren't there. __meco (talk) 16:05, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

-- Style -- This article has very poor style for an encyclopedia article. Asides about 'archaeological interests' and problems with terminology are written in an opinionated style. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.211.104.116 (talk) 21:17, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
 * WP:SOFIXIT §hep   •   ¡Talk to me!  21:26, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

I just removed this
"which suggest the mound may have been built 3,000 years ago. " Unless it is sourced, we can draw our own conclusions, thank you. Carptrash (talk) 17:11, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

WP:WEASEL wording concerning attribution of mound to Ft Ancient
Please do not reinsert this material,, User:Ross hamilton unless you have reliably sourced WP:CITEs showing that other scholars disagree with the current attribution of the mound to the Fort Ancient culture. Edit warring over this matter without providing the relevant requested citations will only exacerbate the situation.  He  iro 18:15, 20 April 2011 (UTC)

Progeny/Mathematics
I'm sitting here dumbfounded by the fact that 1000 years ago, people were capable of projecting a 2D image onto a 3D surface and then somehow pulled enough workers into the project to carve it out. I'm not going to touch the page at all but shouldn't there be some wiki page about causality? Even if it's just conjecture it's part of the evolving wiki. Are there really no sources to try to explain why and how these geograms exist? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.87.1.230 (talk) 23:12, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

Tribe of Dan Egyptian gods nonsense
User:Wheres Dan, this Native American archaeological site has ZERO to do with ancient egyptians, mesopotamians or isrealites. Insert any information that implies this in any way and it will be removed. Any source that states that this site is connected to those things is WP:FRINGE and not WP:RELIABLE.  He  iro 02:55, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * The insertion didn't suggest the Tribe of Dan, it simply said historians have noted its similarities to the worship of the Egyptian deity Kneph, the Iranian deity Ahura Mazda, as well as Indian and Japanese traditions relating to the serpent, the egg, and the creation of the world. {See: "Rosicrucian Digest 1938"}

 * Wheres Dan (talk) 03:09, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * It is WP:FRINGE, at best, and will not stand up to WP:RELIABLE, not to mention WP:UNDUE. Insert anything that implies this site is connected to Ancient Egypt, Iran, Isreal, Martians, Japan, etc. without ironclad reliable modern scholarship and it will be removed.  He  iro  03:13, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * How about you find the source that says the Native Americans you're talking about worshipped the egg coming from the mouth of a serpent as being religious? Most of the so-called "Native Americans" share DNA links with the Far East and Middle East. This mound could be from the Far East tradition given the propensity of Asian haplogroups among the so-called Native Americans found in the area of this mound, but there is also a large collection of the Middle Eastern group X found in the region, as well. {See: "Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the Ohio Hopewell of the Hopewell Mound Group}, {See: "Migration and Social Structure among the Hopewell: Evidence from Ancient DNA")

 * Wheres Dan (talk) 03:35, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * No it does not, read it closer, "Ohio Hopewell Mound Group sample shares unique mutations with mtDNA lineages in China, Korea, Japan and Mongolia.", confirming the current theory that Native Americans originated from northeastern Asia. No DNA evidence has ever been found linking Native American populations to the Middle East. Ask the Mormons, they'd love to find that smoking gun, lol.  He  iro 03:42, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Read the second one closer. There was an X found in there. {See: "Indians in the Americas: the untold story"}
 * Wheres Dan (talk) 03:55, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Does that article say anywhere that Native Americans are connected to Egyptians, Iranians, or the Middle East in any way? That X haplotype is found all over northern Europe and Asia, it came with the Asian immigrants who crossed Beringia many thousands of years ago, you wont find a reliable source that states otherwise. read here Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas and Origin and Diffusion of mtDNA Haplogroup X.  He  iro 04:02, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * The article itself says that is hasn't been concluded who built the mound. You've already conceded Middle East links to the region by admitting the X is found in the ancient Americas, which is already confirmed by bioarcheology. The X came from N, which came from West Asia, largely found around present-day Turkey and throughout the region. One of the Odin's ancestors came from the area of modern-day Turkey, and the X has been found in similarities to groups both in Sweden and ancient America, while the Adena mound sites have been found to be similar to those found in Sweden. The high-level of X found along the Atlantic-Arctic travel routes suggest it could have came to the continent that way, but that is for archeologists to determine. See:
 * "Who built the ancient stone architecture of Canada and New England," Richard Thornton. 22 aug 2010.
 * Wheres Dan (talk) 04:55, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Speculation unsupported by sources, see WP:OPINION and WP:NPOV. Find reliable modern scholars who specifically state your above conclusions or pack it in. Otherwise, it will not be added to this article. End of story.  He  iro 05:18, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

"Historians have noted its similarities to the worship of the Egyptian deity Kneph, the Iranian deity Ahura Mazda, as well as Indian and Japanese traditions relating to the serpent, the egg, and the creation of the world." This would be acceptable based on the source provided. It doesn't say that is what it is, rather was it resembles.

What we know is that 1) it is an effigy mound, i.e. religious. 2) Ancient Egyptians, Iranians, Indians, and Japanese worshipped similar things. 3) DNA has been found to link Middle Easterners and Asians to the region. 4) It is similar to the egg on the mound from the Ogdoad and Kneph was a hawk-headed serpent which is similar to the Ogdoad egg coming from a bird on a mound. {See: "The new Schaff-Herzog encyclopedia of religious knowledge"} 5) The Hopi people and Kickapoo people were known to have built dracontia serpentine mounds in North America; {See: "The new Schaff-Herzog encyclopedia of religious knowledge"} this serpentine mound is aligned with the Draco constellation. 6) Haplogroup A from Africa has been found in the Hopi. {See: "Prehistoric lifeways in the Great Basin wetlands: bioarchaeological reconstruction and interpretation"} Haplogroup Q from Central Asia/India has been found in the Kickapoo, who are a Northeastern American tribe {See: "Asymmetric Male and Female Genetic Histories among Native Americans from Eastern North America"} 7)The ancient Ohio Valley races have been compared to the Ancient Egyptians and Indian Brahmin with their geometric accuracy and societal order {See: "New light from the great pyramid"} 8) Kshetras are Indian pilgrimage sites, and also refer to the cosmos serpent Draco going back to Vedism {See: "Buddha and early Buddhism"}

Wheres Dan (talk) 06:38, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
 * WP:NOT to all of the above unless you can find a reliable modern scholar who specifically states these things. Also, per the original link you wanted to use : See WP:UNDUE. What a person 100 years ago thought it might resemble, before numerous archaeological investigations, carbon dating, not to mention the 100 years of archaeological investigations of the entire continent of North America and the chronologies of all the cultures that existed here and the recent DNA evidence, etc. See where I'm going with this? This persons uneducated suppositions before 100 years archaeological investigations have no bearing on this site, therefore to include it here would give it undue weight.  He  iro 06:50, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * The entire first half of the article is based on speculation that is was the Hopewell, Adena, or Fort Ancient cultures. It includes beliefs of the last 100 years not even supported by concrete proof. All I was adding was what an historian believed it resembled in line with the rest of the material of the article completely speculative. Maybe it was the Kickapoo who built it?
 * Wheres Dan (talk) 08:07, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * The speculation in the article? You mean the material sourced to citations based on dozens of professional archaeologists in the last one hundred years of peer reviewed archaeological research involving DNA research, ceramic chronologies, radiocarbon dating, etc. as opposed to one armchair historian writing in the predawn era of modern archaeological science musing about how lots of ancient peoples worshipped serpents? I dont know how else to explain this to you. Read our policies on WP:Original research, WP:UNDUE, WP:FRINGE and WP:NPOV. Until you can read and understand these policies, we obviously pretty much don't have anything to discuss.  He  iro 08:24, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Riiiight.
 * Over the years, scholars have proposed that the mound was built by members of the Adena culture, the Hopewell culture, or the Fort Ancient culture.

 * Historically, researchers first attributed the mound to the Adena culture.

 * Scholars currently think that the Fort Ancient culture (1000-1650 CE), an Ohio Valley-based, mound-building society, constructed Serpent Mound about 1070 CE.

 * Researchers have speculated that perhaps ancient native people created large totemic shrines that were built on platforms made of earth and stone.

 * Wheres Dan (talk) 09:02, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Read my last post.  He  iro 09:30, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Read my last post. What was inserted in the article is no different than all of your researchers and scholars' speculation already incorporated.

 * Wheres Dan (talk) 19:16, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
 * No it is not. If you can not tell the difference between the two then you have serious WP:COMPETENCE issues and will not be allowed to edit here long. Seriously, read those policy links, also WP:SYNTHESIS. Seek to insert any material like what you did, into ANY Native American archaeological site article, and I will treat it as disruptive editing by an already repeatedly warned editor. I will take this to the appropriate admin board. And you really should address this Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents.  He  iro 19:23, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

Just leave. If you can't tell the difference between para-masonic armchair philosophers and modern archaeologists, and are incapable of looking at sources younger than Strom Thurmond, you are useless to this site. Ian.thomson (talk) 19:28, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

Open Presentation of Conceptually and Actually Related Topics
I'm a very serious scholar of anthropology, linguistics, and archaeology, and I find the above discussion amateurish and close-minded. So what if there is no connection between Egyptian snake-eclipse myths or such and Serpent Mound ? Then at least there is a conceptual connection worth mentioning if it's not original research. What editors like Hiero represent is the grass-roots version of the USA nationalistic propoganda goal of erasing Indians, no, Amerinds, no, now Native Americans from public, private, or academic discussion by intolerating any conceptual or possibly actual connection they might have to the larger Eurasian historical paradigm.

Sigh. So many other Wikipedia pages at least give some (disdainful) voice to these "dissidents" or "creative thinkers" and their proposed theories. Apparently I find here that the Serpent Mound is a backwater of Wikipedia, which is not surprising considering the memory-genocide the USA government continues to wage against the Indians : that first it sought to slaughter them without warning under General Sherman and now under with the pens of men like Lyle Campbell it writes the Indians out of American memory and discussion.

And as all humans are probably from the same place, and the Native Americans supposedly came over here from Eurasia some 25 thousand years ago or so, does it really boggle the mind of editors like Hiero that they might share myths with peoples living in Eurasia ? Are myths and religions known to be so transient that they change completely over time, or more conservative ? Editors like Hiero not only seem to view the Serpent Mound Builders (let's call them the Cherokee, gasp) but also Pre-Islamic Egypt and Israel as irrelevant, though they seem to mean a whole lot to people all over the world and in every country.

But I suggest that future contributors try to find in the literature these things, and add them : Solstice-equinox alignments are known from many other ancient sites around the world. Apparently, knowing the seasons helped humans do their hunter-gatherer or early-agriculture thing, along with structuring a religious calendar of worship of their perceivedly supernatural beings. Also, even slightly unusual geological phenomena are used the world over by every religion that has ever existed. The Kaab in Mecca supposedly houses a meteorite, and hills and big stones and nice waterfalls, etc, are prime places for designation as a place of worship the world over. (And mentioning the Kaab is nonsense?) The Serpent Mound is not some big mysterious thing IF you study a whole ton. It could be a fluke that they built it at the rim of a million+ year old meteorite crater - look at all the other mounds and stuff we have from Indians in America, are they built next to craters ? No. The Indians perhaps found a nice cliff. And what if they were led by some supernatural entity? Most peoples do claim things like this. Is it the place of Wikipedia to surpress theories of supernatural phenomena ? Well, apparently it is, since neutral point of view tends to wind up being modern Western academiaical Socialist-Atheism, but it shouldn't be this way.

Also, totally lacking from the internet as a whole, and from this article, are the viewpoints of the people who think Serpent Mound is evil and should be destroyed, or even what local people think of it. From my reading and travels, I have encountered people like this, and I think the article as it stands sounds too much like what the State of Ohio has at the site and on its websites.

Dwarfkingdom (talk) 04:27, 20 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Please go read WP:SOAPBOX and WP:FRINGE. And this page is for bettering the article, not ranting because you cant insert fringey nonsense into articles.  He  iro 08:24, 20 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Also, it would be useful for Dwarfkingdom to read more work of religious scholars such as Mircea Eliade, who have shown how numerous cultures have independently developed religious symbolism that appears to have some similarities and is based on natural features of the world: the sun, moon, tides, water, seasons, etc. It has not been developed in only one culture or at one historic time.Parkwells (talk) 19:57, 8 January 2023 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 05:48, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

'Three cultures' in lede
MAybe I am missing something. The lede says it has been attributed to three cultures, Adena, Fort Ancient, and then Adena again. By my count, that is only two cultures. Am I missing something (is the lede missing something)? Agricolae (talk) 03:27, 15 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Not sure why that was like that, to my knowledge never attributed to any other actual native cultures (unless you count the 19th century mythical "mound builders"). Fixed.  He  iro 03:40, 15 November 2017 (UTC)

Building time
I just read in 'Hamlyn History - Archeology' by Maev Kennedy © 1998 'that the Great Serpent Mound could not have been built by a small community'. My back of envelope calculation disagrees: Using data from the book: 1.6m high, 6m across => cross area ~ 6sqm 370m length => volume ~ 2.500cum

Assumptions: 10 liter buckets, 5 min per bucket => ~ 21.000 man hours 16 men at 3 hours/day => ~ 450 days

Formulas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_segment

Ing.walter.hartmann (talk) 10:15, 28 December 2017 (UTC)
 * interesting but our articles have to be based on what reliably published sources say and our own research can’t be used. See WP:NOR and WP:VERIFY. Maybe you can find another source. Doug Weller  talk 11:19, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

Museum
Does anyone have a source for the museum discussion? — Preceding unsigned comment added by DkcOhio (talk • contribs) 18:10, 7 November 2019 (UTC)

dating
The dating of the mound is no longer disputed too much. I clarified the matter somewhat. Eio-cos (talk) 02:18, 16 May 2022 (UTC)

 * I propose we got back to the disputed version of this article. The dating still seems to me to be much in doubt. The citations don't indicate any resolution of the issue. DkcOhio (talk) 21:33, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

Date of creation
Graham Hancock's account should be considered that serpents mount is over 20,000 years old. 2603:8080:DC00:A4D8:1ED0:2490:C0A7:1E00 (talk) 19:00, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

 * I can’t imagine why, he doesn’t meet our criteria as a reliable source. Maybe if that date is discussed in some actual reliable sourced, eg peer reviewed archaeological papers. Doug Weller  talk 19:03, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Even suggesting this shows you do not have the requisite knowledge of the subject to edit it. As Doug Weller states above, bring an iron clad WP:RS or this will not even be considerd. JFW.  He  iro  22:18, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks to Doug Weller and Heiro for following this article so closely and preserving it. I would like to help. I'm not sure where some of the changes started, maybe with the NYU student group, but there seems to be a confusion of the terms "culture" (as in Adena or Fort Ancient cultures) and "civilization". It was my understanding that "civilization" has a specific meaning in anthropology and archeology, and these ancient cultures do not qualify. I have changed the use of "civilizations" throughout this article to "cultures." It was my understanding that Norte Chico and Mesoamerica were the two first independent civilizations that arose in the Western Hemisphere. Parkwells (talk) 20:39, 7 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Good changes/improvements in the cleanup/copyedit, Parkwells. - CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 21:16, 7 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Besides not being an "iron clad reliable source," Hancock did not even speculate that "Serpent Mount is over 20,000 years old". What Hancock imagined was that Serpent Mount is 12,800 years old and stated that North America "...was covered by an immense ice cap over a mile deep..." at 20,000 years ago. It is sort of ironic and fitting that Hancock is misquoted by one of his supporters. Paul H. (talk) 21:47, 7 January 2023 (UTC)

Given the ongoing nature of the Graham Hancock situation, and the continuing multiple IP attempt to insert UNCITED and WP:FRINGE material based on it, would it be appropriate to ask for a month or two semi-protected or autoconfirmed status edit filter for this article so editors with other things to do don't have to come here every other day to revert the change? It's been going on for almost two months now, and doesn't seem like it will let up any time soon. The filter may break the pattern. He  iro  18:40, 8 January 2023 (UTC)

 * IIRC, I've only done fairly minor edits here. So if you would like me to press the button, I could semi the article. I'd probably start with a month as it's never been protected before. - CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 20:12, 8 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I think it's worth the attempt. Due to the Netflix shows spread we are getting so many one off IP edits on this subject, a filter may slow it down. A month would be fine, if it pops back up afterward, we can address it again then.  He  iro  20:52, 8 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Done - CorbieVreccan  ☊ ☼ 20:58, 8 January 2023 (UTC)
 * ThanksParkwells (talk) 21:05, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks Paul H. (talk) 21:48, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

"Meaning"
Given the much earlier dates shown in recent radiocarbon analysis, the "meaning" section comes off as anomalous. It begins with a reference to the CE 1070 date as if it's solid fact. If one is reading the article from the beginning, that date has already been fairly convincingly set back at least a millennium or two. So the references to Halley's comet and a supernova around 1070 are, well, kind of ridiculous, and contribute nothing to the reader's understanding. It might be better to say "we just don't know" than to perpetuate a hypothesis that, while reasonable, seems more to be based on faulty assumptions. Kellymac (talk) 05:20, 15 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Serpent Mound


text: Category:Ballet choreographers

title: Category:Ballet choreographers


text:
Anahí (disambiguation)

Anahí is a Mexican actress and singer.

Anahí may also refer to:

 * Anahí (album), a 1993 album by Anahí
 * Anahí de Cárdenas, a Peruvian actress, model, dancer and singer
 * María Dora "Anahí" Sánchez, a former Argentine Senator
 * Anahi, from Guarani ana-i “cockspur coral tree (Erythrina crista-galli)”.

title: Anahí (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Acts of Andrew

Decontextualizing
This article really needs a decent contextualising sentence right at the beginning ("The Acts of Andrew is a Broadway musical about singing penguins" or whatever). -- John Fader 03:41, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Acts of Andrew


text:
Teijirō Toyoda

Teijirō Toyoda (豊田 貞次郎) was a career naval officer who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1941 and as admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

Early life
Toyoda was born in Wakayama Prefecture as the son of a former samurai retainer of the Wakayama Domain. He studied at Tennoji junior high school before entering the Tokyo Foreign Languages School where he studied English. He graduated as the top student out of 171 cadets in the 33rd term of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1905. The Russo-Japanese War ended in November 1905 during the time of Toyoda’s graduation and he was assigned as a midshipman to serve in Southeast Asia on the cruisers JAPANESE CRUISER Itsukushima and JAPANESE CRUISER Katori, destroyer JAPANESE DESTROYER Yayoi, and cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Chitose. After completing naval artillery and torpedo warfare course, he was promoted to ensign and assigned to the battleship JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Shikishima, followed by JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Satsuma.

In 1910, Lieutenant Toyoda studied an advanced artillery course at the Navy Staff College a second grade student for a year, and then was assigned to studies in the United Kingdom, as part of an exchange program under the new Anglo-Japanese Alliance. Toyoda remained in England, studying at Oxford University for two and a half years, returning to Japan in 1914.

World War I
After his return to Japan, Toyoda was appointed as squad leader of the 4th Squadron on the JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Hiei. During the later period of the First World War, the Empire of Germany declared unrestricted U-boat operations and attacked transport ships indiscriminately. This resulted in a request by the United Kingdom for Japan to send warships to escort transports under the terms of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. Toyoda, who had been promoted to lieutenant commander in 1916, was sent to command the 4th Squadron based in Sydney from 1917. His assignment was to patrol the sea lanes between Australia and New Zealand.

In December 1917, after the safety of Australia was secured, Toyoda returned to Japan and re-entered the Naval Staff College where he studied for two years as a first-class student. Again, he graduated the top of his class. After graduating with the rank of commander in 1920, he was appointed as a central member of staff for Naval Affairs at the Naval Department. He served for three years between 1920 and 1923.

Interwar years
After serving as executive officer for six months on JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Kongō, Toyoda returned to London in 1923 as a naval attaché. He lived in London for four years, during which time he was promoted to captain, and handled intelligence collected by paid-spy William Forbes-Sempill, Master of Sempill. He was then assigned as a member of the Japanese delegation to the League of Nations-sponsored Geneva Naval Conference. He returned to Japan at the end of 1927. Due to his extensive period abroad, Toyoda had become an expert on foreign affairs but knew little of the domestic situation within Japan and therefore often had conflicting views with the other members of his delegation at the disarmament talks.

After his return to Japan, Toyoda was assigned as captain of the cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Abukuma, followed by the battleship JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Yamashiro.

Toyoda was called upon again for the London Naval Disarmament Talks and returned to England again as a member of the Japanese delegation. After the treaty was signed he returned to Japan and was promoted to rear admiral.

In 1931, Toyoda was appointed as commander of the Yokosuka Naval District. However, after only six months, he was relieved from the position. It is supposed that the dismissal was caused by something Toyoda said to Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu, who had been newly appointed as head of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff.

Although his military specialty was in naval artillery, Toyoda was reassigned to flight navigation headquarters. In November 1932, at the time of periodic personnel transfer, he was placed in charge of a military aircraft factory at Hiroshima. Both assignments were considered demotions; however, Toyoda renewed his efforts and waited for an opportunity with a positive outlook. As Toyoda’s grasp of aircraft technology slowly increased, he became dissatisfied with factory operations, as it was difficult to obtain the necessary tools and parts. Toyoda took steps to improve productivity.

In November 1935, Toyoda was promoted to vice admiral, and by February 1936, he had become director of the Kure Naval Arsenal. In December 1937, he was reassigned as commander of the Sasebo Naval District.

In November 1938, Toyoda became commander of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service, and during three months in the summer of 1939, he jointly managed the Naval Shipbuilding Command.

Political career
In 1940, Navy Minister Zengo Yoshida resigned. Despite opposition by Naval Minister Koshirō Oikawa, the Tripartite Pact between Japan, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy was signed. Toyoda, who also personally opposed the treaty, became Vice Minister of the Navy on September 6, 1940.

In April 1941, the cabinet was reorganized and Toyoda was requested by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe to become Minister of Commerce and Industry. After careful consideration, Toyoda decided to leave the Imperial Japanese Navy; however, his letter of resignation was not accepted and he was promoted to full admiral and transferred to reserve duty instead. Admiral Mineichi Koga, who had switched to the world of politics as well, was critical of Toyoda's attempted resignation, accusing him of using the navy as a stepping stone to a political career.

After only three months, a cabinet reshuffle became necessary due to the forced resignation of the increasingly strident pro-Axis Foreign Minister Yōsuke Matsuoka. Toyoda, who had earlier opposed the Tripartite Pact and was vocal in this opposition to prospects for war with the Soviet Union, replaced Matsuoka as Minister of Foreign Affairs on July 18, 1941. One of his first priorities was to attempt to smooth over the rapidly deteriorating diplomatic relations with the United States, and he dispatched Admiral Kichisaburō Nomura as ambassador to Washington DC. Toyoda also advanced plans for a face to face meeting between Prime Minister Konoe and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt. However, the negotiations failed to occur. In July, Toyoda also predicted that the further Japanese aggression southwards per the Nanshin-ron policy, and specifically plans for the Japanese occupation of French Indochina, would lead to a total trade embargo by the United States, if not war. In October 1941, the entire Konoe Cabinet resigned.

Later career
After his resignation from the cabinet, Toyoda accepted the post of director of the nationalized Japan Iron and Steel Works. He was finally able to pursue his interest in improving steel production, a topic in which he had shown much interest since his days as director of the Kure Naval Arsenal. Between the last half of 1941 and the first half of 1942, Japanese steel production decreased for lack of workers. Toyoda improved work methods and initiated welfare programs for children who had graduated from junior high school and for Korean workers as well as for those who had lost their jobs. By ensuring that there was always a steady work force, work conditions improved, which allowed steel production to keep up with war-created worsening conditions that created problems in maintaining the necessary amount of resources.

Toyoda remained distant from politics but in March 1943 he was called to be a special adviser to the Cabinet. There was intense confrontation between the army and navy over how war materials should be allocated between them. While Toyoda provided a formula to resolve this problem, it did not go according to plan.

Toyoda once again became a cabinet minister during the Suzuki administration and was appointed Minister for Transportation and Communications as well as Minister of Munitions. With an increasing portion of Japan's industrial base and infrastructure damaged by Allied air raids, Toyoda struggled to improve efficiency and to increase production levels, particularly that of combat aircraft.

After the surrender of Japan, most members of the wartime Japanese cabinets were accused of war crimes by the Allied occupation authorities and arrested. However, Toyoda was not prosecuted due to his efforts for peace prior to the start of the war.

In 1958, Toyoda was appointed Chairman of the Japan–Usiminas joint venture steel development in Brazil. On November 21, 1961, he died of kidney cancer at the age of 76.

title: Teijirō Toyoda


text: User talk:64.229.240.72

title: User talk:64.229.240.72


text:
User talk:Bngrybt

Welcome!

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Good catch on the plesiosaur date. Since you uploaded an image to another article, you might want to check out Image use policy and Image copyright tags (there should be a label on it :) 68.81.231.127 03:44, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Tree Sculptures
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title: User talk:Bngrybt


text:
MoneySense

MoneySense is a Canadian online personal finance and lifestyle magazine published by Ratehub.

History and profile
MoneySense was founded by Rogers Media in 1999 and started publishing in September 1999. It covers articles on personal finance and targets both men and women.

In 2009 MoneySense launched a new website to distinguish its brand within Rogers Publishing and to address navigation challenges their customers were having with the old site. The site launch was sponsored by TD Canada Trust. Prior to this, MoneySense was merged with the Canadian Business and Profit under the CB Online brand banner.

In 2016 Rogers Media announced it was moving four publications, including Moneysense, Flare, Sportsnet and Canadian Business to a digital, online format. A significant cut back to its publishing division. The print edition was terminated in December 2016 and since January 2017, it has been published only online.

In 2018 it was reported that Rogers was looking to sell MoneySense along with Maclean's, Canadian Business, Today's Parent, Hello! Canada, Flare and Chatelaine in a single bundle. This was announced approximately two months after approximately 75 people were laid off.

Rogers sold the publication to Ratehub, a Toronto-based financial technology company, in 2018.

title: MoneySense


text:
Russian Don

The Russian Don is a breed of horse developed in and named after the steppes region of Russia where the Don River flows. Utilized originally as cavalry horses for the Cossacks, they are currently used for under-saddle work and driving.

Characteristics
The Don usually stands, and may be bay, black, gray or chestnut. They have a clean head with a straight or dished profile, well set onto a well-formed neck, high withers, and a wide, deep chest. Their shoulders can be straight, limiting the length of their stride, but are often well-formed. The back is long and straight, flowing into a croup that is long and sloping. The legs are long, well-muscled, and clean with broad joints, strong tendons, and tough hooves.

History
The first type of Don horse, generally called the "Old Don," evolved from semi-feral Russian steppe horses and Oriental horse breeds such as the Karabakh horse, Turkmenian, and Arabian that were brought to Russia as a product of Cossack raids. The Old Don was a medium-sized, agile horse with immense endurance; a result of the survival-of-the-fittest selection methods that guided the development of many Russian breeds. This hardy horse was used as the foundation for the current Russian Don, and was also used to improve the Orlov, Orlov-Rostopchin, and Thoroughbred breeds. Cossack cavalry mounted on the Old Don horses were instrumental in the destruction of Napoleon's Russian campaign, and the horses were important in proving the supremacy of Cossack cavalry over their European counterparts.

During the early 19th century, the breed was improved into the newer type through the addition of Orlov Trotter, Arabian, Thoroughbred, and Karabakh blood. During the second half of the 19th century, the Don breed was in high demand as cavalry horses. Private breeders began to focus on the Dons, and bred for conformation, endurance, height, and the characteristic color of chestnut with a gold sheen. Dons were also gaining popularity outside of Russia, and many were exported. During the 1920s, after much of the Don stock had been wiped out in World War I and the Russian Revolution, the remaining horses were reassembled at several military studs, as well as within the Cossack population, and with concentrated breeding the stock was fairly quickly restored.

Uses
The main use of the Russian Don breed in past times was as the mount of the Cossack cavalry. Known for their endurance and stamina, these horses could cover long distances in short amounts of time, with reserves of energy left for battle. Today, the Don is widely used as a saddle horse, and is also used in harness, often in the traditional Russian tachanka, where four horses are hitched side-by-side.

The Don played an important role in the development of many other USSR-developed breeds, including the Budyonny.

title: Russian Don


text: Category:Ballet dancers

title: Category:Ballet dancers


text: File:Monster Magnet Dopes to Infinity.jpg


text:
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mobile

Former names: Apostolic Vicariate of Alabama and the Floridas (1825-1829), Diocese of Mobile (1829-1954; 1969-1980), Diocese of Mobile-Birmingham (1954-1969).

The Archdiocese of Mobile (Latin: Archidiœcesis Mobiliensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church in southern Alabama in the United States. It is the metropolitan see of the Province of Mobile, which includes the suffragan bishopric sees of the Diocese of Biloxi, the Diocese of Jackson, and the Diocese of Birmingham in Alabama. It was established as the Archdiocese of Mobile on November 16, 1980. The Archbishop of Mobile is the pastor of the Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception located in Mobile, Alabama.

Territory
The Archdiocese of Mobile encompasses 22,969 square miles with 76 parishes and seven missions and a total Catholic population of approximately 108,000. It comprises the counties of Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bullock, Butler, Choctaw, Clarke, Coffee, Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw, Dale, Dallas, Elmore, Escambia, Geneva, Henry, Houston, Lee, Lowndes, Macon, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Pike, Russell, Washington and Wilcox.

Name changes
The present day Archdiocese of Mobile has undergone several name changes over the past 200 years:

 * Vicariate Apostolic of Alabama and the Floridas (1825 to 1829)
 * Diocese of Mobile (1829 to 1954)
 * Diocese of Mobile-Birmingham (1954 to 1969)
 * Diocese of Mobile (1969 to 1980)
 * Archdiocese of Mobile (1980 to present)

1700 to 1829
In 1703, the first Catholic church in present day Alabama, the Church of Fort Louis de la Louisiane, was founded by the French at the original site of the City of Mobile. That next year, Henri Roulleaux De la Vente became the first resident priest, under the authority of the Diocese of Quebec.

By the beginning of the 19th century, Mobile and the Florida Panhandle area were controlled by Spain. However, by 1821 they had fallen into American hands. In 1825, Pope Leo XII removed these territories from jurisdiction by a Spanish diocese, creating the Vicariate Apostolic of Alabama and the Floridas (East Florida and West Florida). The pope named Michael Portier as the vicar apostolic.

The new vicariate included all of Alabama, Florida, and Arkansas. At the time of his accession, Portier was the only clergyman in the vicariate; he had two churches in Florida and one in Mobile, with an estimated Catholic population of 6,000. Portier began his administration by riding through his vicariate, offering communion preaching, and administering the sacraments.

1829 to 1859
In 1829, Pope Pius VIII erected the Diocese of Mobile, taking the Florida Territory and the new State of Alabama from the vicariate. Portier became the first bishop of Mobile. His cathedral was a small church twenty feet wide by fifty feet deep, his residence a still smaller two-roomed frame structure. In 1827, the cathedral was destroyed in a fire that ravaged Mobile. In 1830, Portier established Spring Hill College in Mobile, the first institution of higher learning in Alabama. That same year, Portier sent his priests into interiors parts of Alabama to minister to small clusters of Catholics in the area. In 1833, Portier brought a group of nuns from Georgetown Visitation Monastery in Washington, D.C. to establish the Convent and Academy of the Visitation in Mobile. St. Peter's Church in Montgomery, Alabama, the first Catholic church in that city, was constructed in 1834.

Portier started construction of a new cathedral in Mobile in 1837. Saint John's Parish, the first Catholic parish in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, was established in 1844. Portier brought the Brothers of the Sacred Heart from France to the diocese about 1847, and the Daughters of Charity from Emmitsburg, Maryland, to manage orphan asylums for boys and girls, respectively. In 1850, Portier consecrated the Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception in Mobile. That same year, Pope Pius IX erected the Diocese of Savannah and moved eastern Florida out of the Diocese of Mobile. In Rome at this time, Portier returned to Mobile with another priest and several seminarians.

In 1854, Know Nothing elements in Mobile forced the Daughters of Charity to leave the City Hospital, spreading false charges of mismanagement. In reaction, the Catholic community raised funds to start Providence Infirmary for the sisters. Within five years, the City Hospital had requested the sisters return to their facility to reverse its decline.

1859 to 1896
After Portier died in 1859, Pope Pius IX named John Quinlan as the second bishop of Mobile. When he took office, the Catholic population of Alabama was approximately 10,000. Unlike many other states, there were few immigrant Catholics in Alabama. In 1860, Quinlan traveled to Ireland, France and Rome, hoping to raise funds and recruit more priests for the diocese. During the American Civil War, several priests from the diocese served as chaplains for the Confederate States Army. Quinlan himself was a strong supporter of the Confederacy. In 1861, several Sisters of Charity travelled to Pensacola, Florida, to work in a military hospital there. When Mobile was occupied by the Union Army in 1865, Catholic churches and facilities did not suffer any damage. Quinlan died in 1883.

The third bishop of Mobile was Dominic Manucy, named by Pope Leo XIII in January 1884. However, he resigned in September 1884 due to poor health. The pope then appointed Jeremiah O'Sullivan. O'Sullivan was successful in restoring the financial status of the diocese. He also established several new churches, chapels, and schools, and oversaw the addition of two towers to the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception. O'Sullivan died in 1896.

1896 to 1954
In 1897, Edward Allen from the Archdiocese of Boston was appointed the fifth Bishop of Mobile by Leo XIII. During Allen's administration, the Catholic population of the diocese increased from 18,000 to 48,000, and the number of priests more than doubled. He also established several new churches, hospitals, orphanages, and schools. The diocese was devastated by a major hurricane in 1906; many churches were either totally or partially destroyed, but were rebuilt or repaired under Allen's direction. Deeply concerned for the African American community, he invited the Josephite Fathers to direct the black missions in the diocese, founded St. Joseph's College in order to "educate young colored men to be catechists and teachers," and sanctioned the establishment of the Knights of Peter Claver. Allen died in 1926.

Pope Pius XI in 1927 selected Thomas Toolen to be the next bishop of Mobile. In connection with the centennial celebration of the diocese, he erected Allen Memorial Hospital in honor of his predecessor Allen in December 1929. In 1941, Toolen prohibited Catholic parents who sent their children to public schools from receiving the sacraments. He explained, "'The Catholic system of education has been the greatest boon this country has ever known. We are prepared to take care of our children from the first grade to the university...Catholic parents must send their children to the Catholic school. Parents who do not obey are rebellious and should be treated as such.'"

1954 to 1968
In 1954, Pope Pius XII renamed the Diocese of Mobile as the Diocese of Mobile-Birmingham to reflect the growth of Birmingham, Alabama. Toolen opened several new churches, orphanages, hospitals, and other institutions that were meant to minister exclusively to African Americans, leading opponents to call him "the nigger bishop". In 1950, he oversaw construction of St. Martin de Porres Hospital in Mobile, which was the first hospital in Alabama where African American doctors could work alongside their white colleagues. He also persuaded a local hospital to become the first one in Alabama to accept pregnant African American women. In 1948, however, he denied the request of Joseph Howze, an African-American to be accepted as a seminarian for the diocese.

In 1957, Toolen invited Mother Mary Angelica and the Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration to establish a religious community for African Americans in the diocese. He broke ground on Our Lady of the Angels Monastery in Irondale in 1961, and dedicated the monastery in 1962. Eternal Word Television Network would be established here in 1981. In 1964, Toolen ended racial segregation in Catholic schools throughout Alabama. He wrote: "'After much prayer, consultation and advice, we have decided to integrate all the schools of the diocese. I know this will not meet with the approval of many of our people, but in justice and charity, this must be done. I ask all of our people to accept this decision as best for God and country.'"However, Toole publicly denounced the methods of civil rights activists, favoring a less confrontational approach to civil rights. In 1965, Toolen ordered the Society of Saint Edmund to remove Maurice Ouellet from his post as pastor in Selma. Ouellet had allowed his rectory to serve as a headquarters for participants in the Selma to Montgomery marches.

1968 to 1980
Pope Paul VI in 1968 erected the Diocese of St. Augustine, removing all of Florida from the Diocese of Mobile-Birmingham. In June 1969, the pope erected the Diocese of Birmingham in Alabama, separating northern Alabama from what became again the Diocese of Mobile. Toolen resigned as bishop in September 1969. Paul VI named Auxiliary Bishop John L. May of Chicago as the bishop of the second Diocese of Mobile. . During his 10-year-long tenure in Mobile, May established eight parishes and two deaneries, dedicated twelve churches, founded two schools, and erected a convent. He also dedicated several other institutions, including parish centers, elderly homes, and a new wing and intensive-care unit at Providence Hospital.

May continued to implement the liturgical reforms of the Second Vatican Council, authorizing the laity to distribute communion, the reception of communion in the hand, and a new rite for the Sacrament of Penance. He founded an Office of Youth Ministry, Diocesan Pastoral Council, and Diocesan Board of Catholic Education. May also established a retirement program for all lay church employees, a new health insurance program, a marriage preparation program, and anti-abortion programs. In 1977, he imposed a term limit of six years for parish priests in the diocese. He ordained the diocese's first class of permanent deacons in 1979. In 1980, May became archbishop of St. Louis.

1980 to present
On November 16, 1980, Pope John Paul II erected the Archdiocese of Mobile. He designated the Dioceses of Birmingham, Biloxi and Jackson as suffragan dioceses of the new archdiocese. The pope appointed Oscar Lipscomb as the first archbishop of Mobile.

In 1993, David Trosch, a archdiocesan priest in Magnolia Springs, started advocating the theory of justifiable homicide as a justification for killing medical professionals providing abortion services to women. Trosch then attempted to place an advertisement in the Mobile Press-Register newspaper with a cartoon showing a man pointing a gun at a doctor holding a knife over a pregnant woman. The Press-Register did not published the ad. Lipscomb offered Trosch "the alternative of publicly abiding by the [Archbishop's] judgment on this erroneous teaching or relinquishing his public position in the church." Lipscomb removed Trosch from his pastoral assignments in August 1993, allowing him to continue celebrating mass but banning him from any "...public persona in the Church".

When Lipscomb retired in 2008, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Bishop Thomas Rodi of Biloxi that same years as the next archbishop of Mobile. As of 2023, Rodi is the current archbishop of Mobile.

Reports of sexual abuse
In 2004, Linda Ledet, a parishioner in the archdiocese, sued the archdiocese, claiming it broke an agreement regarding Paul Zoghby, a high profile priest. In 1997, Ledet had reported to the archdiocese that Zoghby was making unwanted sexual advances and exposing himself to her. According to Ledet, the archdiocese agreed to pay for her counseling and to send Zoghby away for treatment. However, the archdiocese instead just transferred Zoghby to a different parish in Foley. The archdiocese and Ledet settled the lawsuit in 2007.

In December 2018, Archbishop Rodi released the names of 29 priests and religious order clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors while serving in the Archdiocese of Mobile, dating back to 1950. At least two Catholic clergy on this list were convicted, with one other being sued. Rodi also issued an apology and asked for forgiveness.

In November 2019, Amal Samy, an archdiocesan priest from Mt. Vernon, was charged with lewd conduct towards a masseuse while receiving a massage on the Carnival Cruise ship Fantasy. Samy denied the charges.

In July 2023, Alexander (Alex) Crow, a 30-year-old priest of the archdiocese who had been ordained in 2021, abandoned his clerical duties and run away to Europe. On 26 July, the Archdiocese released statement on Twitter: Fr. Alex Crow abandoned his assignment in the Archdiocese. His behavior is totally unbecoming of a priest. He has been informed by the archbishop that he may no longer exercise ministry as a priest, nor to tell people he is a priest, nor to dress as a priest.

In addition, due to the circumstances of his departure, we have reported this to the district attorney. It was reported to the government authority because Crow was accompanied by an 18-year-old girl who had just graduated from the McGill-Toolen Catholic High School. Crow was immediately removed from his position as the Parochial Vicar at Corpus Christi Parish. There were initial speculations that they went to Spain to perform exorcism. Crow had a degree in exorcism and demonology from the College of Sant'Anselmo in Rome, and had often indicated interests in demonic possssesions and exorcism in Mobile. On 28 July, the girl's family located the two in Italy, and said that their daughter left on "her own free will". Mobile County Sheriff Paul Burch also announced from the family's report that there were no intimate relationship between the two. The girl's family then raised a concern that Crow might be involved with other girls earlier.

Previous letters from Crow were investigated and the police found out the nature of the run away. Crow had planned the trip and had sent love letters to the girl on Valentine's Day, asserting: "Now, we are in love and we are married!"

In April 2024, Archdiocese of Mobile priest Rev. David Tokarz was arrested on two misdemeanor sexual misconduct charges. He was released on bail three hours after he was booked. His accuser was an adult woman.

Vicariate Apostolic of Alabama and the Floridas
Michael Portier (1825–1859)

Bishops of Mobile

 * 1) Michael Portier (1825–1859)
 * 2) John Quinlan (1859–1883)
 * 3) Dominic Manucy (1884)
 * 4) Jeremiah O'Sullivan (1885–1896)
 * 5) Edward Patrick Allen (1897–1926)
 * 6) Thomas Joseph Toolen (1927–1954), title changed with title of diocese; also elevated to Archbishop ad personam in 1954

Bishop of Mobile-Birmingham
Thomas Joseph Toolen (1954–1969), archbishop ad personam

Bishop of Mobile
John Lawrence May (1969–1980), appointed Archbishop of Saint Louis

Archbishops of Mobile

 * 1) Oscar Hugh Lipscomb (1980–2008)
 * 2) Thomas John Rodi (2008–present)

Former auxiliary bishops

 * Joseph Aloysius Durick (1954–1964), appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Nashville and subsequently succeeded to that see
 * Joseph Gregory Vath (1966-1969), appointed Bishop of Birmingham in Alabama 1969-1987

Other diocesan priests who became bishops

 * John Stephen (Jean Étienne) Bazin, appointed Bishop of Vincennes in 1847
 * Anthony Dominic Ambrose Pellicer, appointed Bishop of San Antonio in 1874
 * John William Shaw, appointed Coadjutor Bishop of San Antonio in 1910
 * William Benedict Friend, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Alexandria-Shreveport in 1979
 * William Russell Houck, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Jackson in 1979

High Schools

 * McGill-Toolen Catholic High School – Mobile
 * Montgomery Catholic Preparatory School – Montgomery
 * St. Michael Catholic High School – Fairhope

Middle Schools
Montgomery Catholic Preparatory School – Montgomery

Elementary Schools

 * Christ the King Catholic School – Daphne
 * Corpus Christi School – Mobile
 * Little Flower Catholic School – Mobile
 * Montgomery Catholic Preparatory School, Holy Spirit – Montgomery
 * Most Pure Heart of Mary School – Mobile
 * St. Benedict Catholic School – Elberta
 * St. Dominic School – Mobile
 * St. Ignatius School – Mobile
 * St. Joseph Catholic School – Tuskegee Institute
 * St. Mary Catholic School – Mobile
 * St. Patrick School – Robertsdale
 * St. Pius X Catholic School – Mobile
 * St. Vincent de Paul Day Care – Mobile

Private Schools
These are independent schools within the territory but not under the administration of the Archdiocese of Mobile.
 * Resurrection Catholic School – Montgomery
 * St. Joseph Child Development Center – Fort Mitchell

title: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mobile


text:
Mike Murphy (ice hockey, born 1950)

Michael John Murphy (born September 12, 1950) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League for 13 years for the St. Louis Blues, New York Rangers and the Los Angeles Kings and has been assistant and head coach in the NHL for the Los Angeles Kings, Ottawa Senators, Vancouver Canucks, Toronto Maple Leafs and the New York Rangers. Murphy also played for Team Canada, winning a bronze medal in 1978, and coached Team Canada, International Hockey League (IHL). Murphy is presently Senior Vice President of the NHL, hockey operations.

Playing career
As a youth, he and teammate Peter Sullivan played in the 1963 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey from North York.

In the National Hockey League, he played for the St. Louis Blues, New York Rangers, Los Angeles Kings. Murphy was captain of the Los Angeles Kings for 7 years and played in Los Angeles for 13 years. He played for Team Canada (bronze medal winner) and was an assistant coach for Team Canada. Murphy was selected to play on the NHL All-Star team in 1980. He has career totals in the NHL of 231 goals, and 318 assists for 556 total points in 831 games played.

Coaching career
Upon retiring from hockey with the Los Angeles Kings, he became their head coach. Murphy went on to be assistant coach of the Vancouver Canucks, Ottawa Senators, and New York Rangers. Murphy was promoted from assistant coach of the Vancouver Canucks to head coach of their farm team, the Milwaukee Admirals of the American Hockey League (AHL). Murphy left Milwaukee for an assistant coach position with the Toronto Maple Leafs hockey team. Murphy was then promoted to be the 24th head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs.

NHL vice-president
As NHL vice-president of hockey operations, Murphy was forced to make a tough call during game three of the first round of the 2010 Stanley Cup. Murphy disallowed what was first ruled as a 3-4 goal on the ice for the Vancouver Canucks against Murphy's former team, the Los Angeles Kings. The incident is one of many that has called for greater NHL transparency from the public. The official ruling stated that "Video Review was used to determine whether the puck was kicked into the net by Vancouver's Daniel Sedin with a kicking motion. Upon review, it was determined that the puck was propelled into the net by a kicking motion. This was not a deflection. The direction the puck was moving and the force of the skate were the determining factors in concluding 'no goal'". According to rule 49.2 of the NHL, "A puck that is directed into the net by an attacking player’s skate shall be a legitimate goal as long as no distinct kicking motion is evident." Later, in an interview with CBC Hockey Night in Canada, Murphy admitted that the puck was not kicked in a "distinct kicking motion", as the official NHL rules require, yet Murphy maintained his position on the judgement.

title: Mike Murphy (ice hockey, born 1950)


text:
Parthasarathy Swami Sabha

Parthasarathy Swami Sabha is a Carnatic music Sabha in the city of Chennai, India. It is one of the oldest of its kind in existence. Sabha has instituted three awards annually namely, Sangeetha Kalasarathy for a Musician, Natya Kalasarathy for a Dancer and Nataka Kalasarathy for a Dramatist. And also it confers best performer awards for young talents were given for Vocal, Violin, Mrudangam two awards on each category who performs during the December Music Festival. The Sabha also has confers two awards The Palghat Mani Iyer Centenary Award, instituted by Nithyashree Mahadevan and M.L. Vasanthakumari Award, instituted by Sudha Raghunathan

History
The Parthasarathy Swami Sabha was founded by Manni Thirumalachariar in 1900. The sabha acquired its first permanent venue, the site of a cremation ground, in 1959. In 1962, the sabha constructed an open-air theatre.

title: Parthasarathy Swami Sabha