text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Abstract theory

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 09:19, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Abstract theory
This is mumbo jumbo JoJan 19:17, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Probably Speedy delete as patent nonsense.  User should be pointed to the sandbox.  Barno 21:00, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.  I agree with Barno. Aleph4 23:23, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, there aren't any references to this theory. Zzyzx11 23:40, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonsense. - Jpo 00:51, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Abstraction. Megan1967 02:55, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Category:International charities

Charities with a substantial presence in multiple countries.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:International charities


text:
User:Beta m/Charity list

Charities that do not test on animals
Category:Charities that do not test on animals
 * Action for Blind People ^
 * Allergy UK +
 * Back-Up Trust ^
 * Bath Cancer Research Unit ^
 * Big C Appeal &
 * British Deaf Association ^
 * British Institute for Brain Injured Children &
 * British Polio Fellowship ^
 * British Red Cross ^
 * Caring Cancer Trust &
 * Dr Hadwen Trust for Humane Research &
 * Eating Disorders Association ^
 * Humane Research Trust ^
 * IBS Appeal
 * Lord Dowding Fund for Humane Research ^
 * Menopausal Helpline &
 * Menopausal Research and Info Service &
 * Migraine Action Association ^
 * National Deaf Children's Society ^
 * Natural Medicines Society
 * New Approaches to Cancer
 * Pain Relief Foundation ^
 * Quest Cancer Research Charity &
 * Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation ^
 * Samantha Dickson Research Trust ^
 * Sense-National Deafblind and Rubella Association &
 * York Against Cancer ^

Charities that test on animals
Category:Charities that test on animals
 * Action Research (charity)
 * British Heart Foundation
 * Alzheimer's Society
 * Arthritis Research Campaign
 * Association for International Cancer Research
 * BackCare
 * Brain Research Trust
 * Breakthrough Breast Cancer
 * British Homeopathic Association
 * British Lung Foundation
 * Brittle Bone Society
 * Cancer Prevention Research Trust
 * Cancer Research Campaign
 * Children's Nationwide Medical Research Fund
 * Cystic Fibrosis Research Trust
 * DEBRA
 * Defeating Deafness
 * Diabetes UK
 * Digestive Disorders Foundation
 * Epilepsy Research Foundation
 * Imperial Cancer Research Fund
 * Iris Fund for Prevention of Blindness
 * Lepra
 * Leukaemia Research
 * Marie Curie Cancer Care
 * ME Association
 * Migraine Trust
 * Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain
 * Muscular Dystrophy Campaign
 * National Asthma Campaign
 * National Heart Research Fund
 * National Kidney Research Fund
 * National Meningitis Trust
 * National Society for Colitis and Crohn's Disease
 * Parkinson's Disease Society of the UK
 * Research Into Aging
 * Royal National Institute of the Blind
 * SCOPE
 * Tenovus ^
 * Wellcome Trust &
 * World Cancer Research Fund ^

Key
& no official website found

^ i've sent out an e-mail requesting the permission to use text from their official sites in the article

- permission was denied

+ permission was granted

title: User:Beta m/Charity list


text:
User talk:Armygirlzrock

jhdflhusiffahfiuhddddddfalhdiuafhhhhheuuhwpaoiudhsoidhjjsijdiweoirrrrrrrpert

that native language hard type in englis i know not what it called i from gibberia not on maps secret to white not to gibbers we know where it is i know not where it is located i know not what this is but armygirlzrock translets to hott chic yes we have that language we invented it need learn more englis

above writing translates to all that is here in englis

title: User talk:Armygirlzrock


text:
John Lloyd Dorsey Jr.

John Lloyd Dorsey Jr. (August 10, 1891 – March 22, 1960) was a Representative from the U.S. state of Kentucky. He was born in Henderson, Kentucky, August 10, 1891; educated in the public schools and at Bethel College, Russellville, Kentucky. He graduated from Centre College, Danville, Kentucky, in 1912. He studied law at Centre College, was admitted to the bar in 1913 and commenced practice in Henderson, Kentucky.

Dorsey served as a private in Headquarters Company, One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Depot Brigade, in 1918; executive Democratic committeeman 1920–1924; city attorney of Henderson in 1926 and 1930. He was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of David H. Kincheloe and served from November 4, 1930, to March 3, 1931. He was not a candidate for election to the Seventy-second Congress in 1930, and resumed the practice of law. He again served as city attorney of Henderson in 1936 and 1937, and continued the practice of law until his death in Henderson, Kentucky, March 22, 1960. He is interred in Fernwood Cemetery.

title: John Lloyd Dorsey Jr.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dual bash

Dual_bash
Delete - not an encyclopedia entry jk 19:20, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Lawrence Lessig

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CUNY Graduate Center Class discussion
This is a new discussion section for students in the ITP Core 1 Seminar who are going to be adding a few sentences to this page. --Theredproject (talk) 23:19, 20 November 2017 (UTC)

Our focus is going to be on Remix Culture.

I am thinking that this would be a good spot expand his view on why it is a "desirable concept for society". Alone that sentiment feels incomplete, and we can cite his piece in The Social Media Reader: REMIX How Creativity Is Being Strangled by the Law.

We can also relate this section to his work on the Creative Commons, as that work is presented with no clear connection to his views

--False-mirror (talk) 17:44, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

Yes, I agree. I was doing some research and found the following which I have drafted in to a paragraph:

[Text Moved Below]

The above has a nexus to the excerpt in The Social Media Reader of REMIX (p. 166) What do you think of the above and how we can relate this section to the Creative Commons (if at all?) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Producer06 (talk • contribs) 20:05, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

That citation is used a lot in the Remix_culture articles so it seems suitable, I'm just wondering how to best incorporate it in a way which maintains focus on Lessig. Perhaps around three sentences total. We can mention the purported importance of remix culture (maybe his legal work protecting it), and that others have extended his ideas into a historical context. I'll work on that first part and maybe you can edit down your text to ~1-2 sentences?(I moved your except to below so we can continually edit and comment above it).--False-mirror (talk) 20:55, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

Good to know, as I didn't realize the citation I found was so widely used, and also good that it's suitable. Good point on maintaining focus on Lessig through the citation. Yes, I will down my text to 1-2 sentences, and will probably select this: [moved below]

What do you think? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Producer06 (talk • contribs) 21:16, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

Yeah I think that's a lot better, I just moved it below. My portion is running a little long and didn't really address its "importance to society". Maybe switching the order of yours then mine will help with that? --False-mirror (talk) 21:54, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

Great, glad the edit is good. I like the re-ordering of the paragraph, good idea, thank you for that. Your paragraph is great, I think the importance to society is related to Lessig not wanting our kids to be thought of as criminals for their remixes, a situation which is caused by the current copyright laws. So, maybe we could say that Lessig's balancing the maintaining of the "rule of law" with creative expression is the importance to society? Do you think that weaves the two together? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Producer06 (talk • contribs) 22:06, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

P.S. I don't know why my responses are going unsigned or as "unsigned comment". Here is my signature for the above Producer06 5:09pmProducer06 (talk) 22:09, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

Maybe we could delete this phrase from the opening sentence: "he presents this as a desirable concept for society." Maybe we could try this: "in his 2008 book Remix, Lessig articulates that Remix Culture..."

Do you think the above edit works?

Producer06 (talk) 22:17, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

Good suggestion, I think the only issue is that it suggests your contribution comes from the book? What do you think of the edits below? I'm wondering if we can internally link to read/write culture or the hybrid economy since they don't have clear meaning. --False-mirror (talk) 23:01, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

I think we can can clarify my contribution and that we're getting somewhere, I want to mull it offline for a moment. Just two editorial observations: 1) the antecedent is not clear to me for "this" in "...the problem with this is..." and 2) "Instead he proposes..." vs. "purposes".

Be back in a few...Producer06 (talk) 00:07, 26 November 2017 (UTC)

I think internally linking to read/write culture and/or the hybrid economy is a really good idea. [Add'l editorial note: delete "a" from the phrase "and the [a] hybrid economy."

As it reads to me now, our/the contribution hits good points summarizing Remix Culture. When we clean it up with the minor edits and add the additional internal links, do you think we're nearly there?

Producer06 (talk) 00:53, 26 November 2017 (UTC)

I edited the paragraph but didn't add the internal links. If you think we're on the right track with the edited paragraph, could you add the internal links? Here's the edit:

'''Lessig has been a proponent of the Remix culture since the early 2000s.[25] In his 2008 book Remix,[26][27] he presents Remix culture as a cultural practice preferable to and distinct from piracy. Lessig further articulates Remix Culture as intrinsic to technology and the Internet. Remix Culture is therefore an amalgam of practice, creativity, "read/write" culture, and the hybrid economy.

'''According to Lessig, the problem with this [Remix culture] is when it is at odds with an overly stringent US copyright law. He has compared this to the failure of Prohibition, both in its ineffectiveness and in its tendency to normalize criminal behavior. Instead he proposes more lenient licensing, namely Creative Commons licenses, which will help maintain a "rule of law" while combating plagiarism. [1]

Feedback welcome at your convenience...to be continued. Producer06 (talk) 19:51, 26 November 2017 (UTC)

I'm not sure where we are with the edited paragraph as I don't see any feedback to my entries. I will be online again from 1:00-4:00pm EDST. Producer06 (talk) 13:28, 27 November 2017 (UTC)

I posted the above edited paragraph to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Theredproject per the assignment to turn it in there with a note that it may be tweaked before class time Monday. Producer06 (talk) 19:28, 27 November 2017 (UTC)

I also posted the edited paragraph to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig#Remix_Culture to see what sticks. Producer06 (talk) 19:49, 27 November 2017 (UTC)

Contribution
Lessig has been a proponent of the Remix culture since the early 2000s,[25] in his 2008 book Remix[26][27] he presents this as a desirable cultural practice distinct from piracy. Lessig further articulates Remix Culture as intrinsic to technology and the Internet.

According to Lessig, the problem with the Remix comes when it is at odds with stringent US copyright law. He has compared this to the failure of Prohibition, both in its ineffectiveness and in its tendency to normalize criminal behaviour. Instead he purposes more lenient licensing, namely Creative Commons licenses, as a remedy to maintain "rule of law" while combating plagiarism.

External links modified
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title: Talk:Lawrence Lessig


text:
Category:Old World babblers

Old World passerine birds that were united in the family Timaliidae when this was polyphyletic. Many are now placed elsewhere. See also Category:Old World warblers.

title: Category:Old World babblers


text:
Talk:John Lloyd Dorsey Jr.

Untitled
Text of the article was obtained from public domain site. Darwinek 19:18, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Lloyd Dorsey Jr.


text:
User talk:Wagiles

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 19:23, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Maori Creation Story
The maori creation story is not a copyvio, it is not "copy and paste at its finest". The Indopedia is simply reproducing that article under the GFDL. Please bear in mind that several sites legitimately mirror Wikipedia content. -- FirstPrinciples 10:15, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Please don't feel discouraged, and please don't take my criticism personally. We really appreciate people who take copyright concerns seriously, and I want to congratulate you for trying to do the right thing :) -- FirstPrinciples 10:24, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Generally, if you're unsure if a site has been plariarised, try looking for a copyright policy on the site concerned. Most decent sites have at least a rudimentary policy. If the site information is in the public domain (or if it's been created by government employees), then chances are there are no problems. As for the MATADOR article - it is from a definitely copyrighted site, so you were right to flag it. For more information see Copyright problems. -- FirstPrinciples 09:26, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

Manga/Anime overload
From my talk page:

Many people have raised similar objections, and I sympathise with you. Wikipeida has many "nooks and crannies" that have been overtaken by somewhat "overzealous" enthusiasts. The Pokémon category is a good example, as are the instances you mention. I think this is simply due to Wikipedia's nature as a freely editable encylopedia; some people simply are very interested in certain areas, and have chosen to pool their knowledge here. Personally, I'm not too worried about it. I recommend the following pages to address your concerns: Replies to common objections, Why Wikipedia is not so great and Why Wikipedia is so great.

For general help using Wikipedia, I recommend visiting the help desk. A good place to ask questions about the direction of Wikipedia is the village pump.

Please let me know if you have any more queries. Best wishes, -- FirstPrinciples 12:06, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Evelyn beatrice longman c1910.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Evelyn beatrice longman c1910.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of that website's terms of use of its content. However, if the copyright holder is a party unaffiliated from the website's publisher, that copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider verifying that you have specified sources for those files as well. You can find a list of files you have created [ in your upload log]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged per Wikipedia's criteria for speedy deletion, F4. If the image is copyrighted and non-free, the image will be deleted 48 hours after 09:07, 30 August 2010 (UTC) per speedy deletion criterion F7. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 09:07, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wagiles


text: User talk:206.67.179.4

title: User talk:206.67.179.4


text:
William of Shoreham

William of Shoreham (fourteenth century) was an English poet.

Little is known of his life, but he probably lived in Shoreham, Kent and was vicar of Chart Sutton (near Leeds, Kent). Seven poems in English are attributed to him, all contained in a single manuscript now in the British Library (Add MS 17376). Four of the poems are didactic and address points of Christian doctrine, the other three are in praise of the Virgin Mary (one of them a translation from Robert Grosseteste's Latin). He was once thought to be the author of an English psalter, but this is now considered spurious.

title: William of Shoreham


text:
Prevost

Prevost, Prévost or Prévôt may refer to:

Places

 * Prévost (electoral district), Quebec, a provincial electoral district
 * Prévost, Quebec, a community in the Laurentians region of Quebec, Canada
 * Prévost station
 * Prevost, a community on Stuart Island, San Juan County, Washington, USA

Ships

 * HMCS Prevost, a Canadian naval reserve unit in London, Ontario
 * HMS Prevost (1803), a 12-gun schooner that the Royal Navy purchased in 1803 and that the French privateer Austerlitz captured in 1807
 * HMS Sir George Prevost, a British naval warship
 * USS Lady Prevost (1812), a United States warship

Other uses

 * Prevost (bus manufacturer), a bus manufacturer and division of Volvo Buses
 * Prévost reaction, a chemical reaction
 * Prevost's ground sparrow, a sparrow
 * Prevost's squirrel, a rodent

People with the surname

 * Abbé Prévost (1697–1763), French novelist
 * André Prévost (composer) (1934–2001), Canadian composer
 * Augustine Prévost (1723–1786), British general
 * Charles Prévost (1899–1983), French chemist
 * Codie Prevost (born 1984), Canadian country singer
 * Constant Prévost (1787–1856), French geologist
 * Daniel Prévost (born 1939), writer
 * Daniel Prévost (born 1939), French actor
 * Eddie Prévost (born 1942), English drummer and percussionist
 * Eugène Prévost (carpenter) (1898–1965), founder of Prevost Car
 * Eugène Prévost (cyclist) (1863–1961), French cyclist
 * Eugène Prévost (musician) (1809–1872), French composer and conductor
 * Florent Prévost (1794–1870), French naturalist
 * Françoise Prévost (1680–1741), French dancer
 * Françoise Prévost (actress) (1930–1997), actress
 * Gédéon-Mélasippe Prévost (1817–1887), Quebec notary and political figure
 * George Prévost (1767–1816), British general and governor
 * George Prevost McKay (1840–1924), Canadian business executive and politician
 * Hippolyte Prévost (1808–1873), inventor of a stenography system; see Théodore-Pierre Bertin
 * Isaac-Bénédict Prévost (1755–1819), Swiss theologian, plant pathologist and naturalist
 * James Charles Prevost (1810–1891), British admiral
 * Jean Prévost (1901–1944), French writer and Resistance fighter
 * Jean Prévost (politician) (1870–1915), Quebec lawyer, journalist and politician
 * Jean-Louis Prévost (1838–1927), Swiss neurologist and physiologist
 * Jean-Louis Prévost (1790–1850), botanical artist
 * Joël Prévost (born 1950), musician
 * Leonardo Prevost (born 1971), Cuban sprinter
 * Louis Prévost de Sansac (1496–1576), a Marshal of France
 * Lucien-Anatole Prévost-Paradol (1829–1870), French journalist and essayist
 * Marcel Prévost (1862–1941), French writer
 * Marie Prevost (1896–1937), actress
 * Maurice Prévost (1887–1948), French pioneer aviator
 * Michael Prevost (born 1953), German-Canadian boxer
 * Nicholas Le Prevost (born 1947), English actor
 * Pierre Prévost (physicist) (1751–1839), Swiss philosopher and physicist
 * Pierre André Prévost de La Prévostière, governor general of Pondicherry
 * Prevost baronets, title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
 * Robert Prévost (1927–1982), Canadian set designer
 * Robert Francis Prevost (born 1955), Catholic prelate and Curial official
 * Victor Prevost (1820–1881), photographer
 * Wilfrid Prévost (1832–1898), Quebec lawyer and politician
 * Yves Prévost (1908–1997), Quebec lawyer and politician
 * Yvonne Prévost (1878–1942), tennis player

title: Prevost


text:
Fornasari

Fornasari was an Italian car manufacturer that was created in 1999 by Giuseppe Fornasari. The company made sports cars and SUVs, entering the market when Italian cars were dominating the sports car scene. Their first vehicle was an odd three-door SUV fitted with a Chevy-sourced engine. A couple of years later, the company started venturing into more conventional sports cars.

Fornasari was declared bankrupt by the Tribunal of Vicenza on 9 September 2015, but rose again with their new model, Gigi 311 GT at the 2019 Geneva Motor Show.

Models
Model lineup:

 * Fornasari LM (Le Mans) (1996), a coupé based on the Callaway Le Mans cars, which mounts a 5700cc v8 with 450 PS at 5700 rpp, speed> 300 km/h
 * Fornasari RR450 (2003), a three-door SUV mounted with a Chevrolet engine with 450 hp, Speed 280 km/h, 0–100 km/h in 4.5 sec
 * Fornasari RR600 (2004 —), a three-door SUV mounted with a Chevrolet engine with 600 hp, Speed 280 km/h, 0–100 km/h in 4.2 sec
 * Fornasari Gruppo B (2007 —), a non-offroad "hot hatch" version of the RR450/RR600.
 * Fornasari Tender (2008 —), a two-door offroad pickup with yacht-like styling.
 * Fornasari RR99 (2009 —), a four-door SUV mounted with a Chevrolet engine with 610 hp that does 0–100 km/h in 3.8 seconds with a top speed of 280 km/h.
 * Fornasari Racing Buggy (2009 —), a street legal three-door buggy made for racing.
 * Fornasari Gigi 311 GT (2019 —), a two-seater sports car based on Maserati A6G/2000 Zagato, lying custom space frame with components sourced from the Corvette C7, including a V8 engine available with up to 641hp (650CV) and 590lb-ft (800Nm) of torque, a top speed can reach 340 km/h.

title: Fornasari


text:
Jimmy McGrory

James Edward McGrory (26 April 1904 – 20 October 1982) was a Scottish footballer who played for Celtic and Clydebank as a forward and then went on to manage Kilmarnock before returning to Celtic as manager after the end of the Second World War.

He is the all-time leading goalscorer in top-flight British football with a total of 550 goals in 547 competitive first-team games at club and international level. McGrory is a legendary figure within Celtic's history. He is the club's top scorer of all time with 522 goals from 501 games and holds their record for the most goals in a season, with 62 goals from 46 games in the 1927–28 season. He has also notched up a British top-flight record of 55 hat-tricks, 48 coming in League games and 7 from Scottish Cup ties. Some argue that he scored 56, as he hit 8 goals in a Scottish League game against Dunfermline on 14 January 1928: The eight goals scored in that match against Dunfermline is also a British top-flight record.

He played for Celtic for 15 years between 1922 and 1937, although he did spend the majority of the 1923–24 season on loan at fellow Division One side Clydebank. After a spell managing Kilmarnock from December 1937 to July 1945, he became Celtic manager, where he remained for just under 20 years, until March 1965 when he was succeeded by Jock Stein.

Although he was only five feet and six inches tall, he was renowned for his prowess and ability for headers. His trademark was an almost horizontal bullet header, which he performed and scored with regularly, and which earned him the nicknames "the Human Torpedo" and "the Mermaid."

Early life
McGrory was born at Millburn Street, Garngad, Glasgow. He was the son of Henry McGrory and Catherine Coll, both of whom were Irish Catholic immigrants from Ulster. Henry and Catherine had been married at Saint Baithin's Church (known locally as 'the Chapel') in St Johnston, a village in The Laggan district in the east of County Donegal, before emigrating to Scotland. Catherine was from the townland of Cavanacaw and Henry was from the townland of Tullyowen, both in St Johnston, County Donegal. Jimmy's elder brother was born in St Johnston before the family left for Glasgow. They lived in Glasgow's East End on his father's wages as a gasworks labourer.

St Roch's
McGrory began playing for St Roch's Juniors aged 16, earning £2 a week. In his first season of 1921–22, he helped the side win a Double. St Roch's won the Scottish Junior Football League and the Scottish Junior Cup, where he scored the equalizer in a 2–1 win over Kilwinning Rangers. In 2013, St Roch's renamed their ground in honour of McGrory, changing it from Provanmill Park to The James McGrory Park.

1920s
With many clubs now scouting him, such as Third Lanark and Fulham, Celtic jumped in first and approached to sign him. He signed his first full professional contract for Celtic on 10 June 1922, for £5 a week, in the pavilion at Third Lanark's Cathkin Park. He made his debut on 20 January 1923, in a 1–0 away defeat, also at Cathkin Park. His first goal came two weeks later on 3 February 1923, in a 4–3 League defeat against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park. In total, he made three League and one Scottish Cup appearances, scoring that one goal at Rugby Park.

He was loaned out to Clydebank on 7 August 1923 and later that month scored on his debut against Aberdeen at Pittodrie in a 3–1 defeat. On 1 March 1924, he lined up in the Clydebank side to face Celtic at Parkhead. It ended up being quite a bizarre day for him, as he ended up scoring the winner in a shock 2–1 victory for Clydebank.

Not long after this, and before the season was out, he was recalled to Celtic. In his time at Clydebank he played 33 League and Scottish Cup games, scoring 16 goals. Having returned to Celtic, he featured in the Glasgow Charity Cup semi-final against Queens Park on 6 May 1924, scoring in a 2–0 win. The final was two days later on 8 May 1924, where he played at outside-left in a 2–1 win over Rangers.

The 1924–25 season started poorly, with McGrory not scoring in his first three games, but worse was to come when his father was killed after accidentally being struck by a stone in a local park. McGrory played against Falkirk the following Saturday, just hours after having just attended his father's funeral, and yet managed to get off the mark for the season with his first goal in a 2–1 win. With his goal scoring touch returned, he continued to add to his tally until a knee injury in November 1924 ruled him out until into the following year. McGrory returned in stunning form in the Scottish Cup, scoring a hat-trick against Third Lanark and a double against Rangers in a 5–0 semi-final victory. He then headed a last minute winning goal in the 2–1 Scottish Cup Final victory over Dundee on 11 April 1925, the first major honour of his career. He finished his first full season at Celtic with 30 goals.

The 1925–26 season was a successful one both personally and collectively, with Celtic winning the First Division and him finishing the season with 49 goals in all competitions, which included a streak that saw him scoring in seven consecutive league games. Celtic reached their second successive Scottish Cup Final, but McGrory this time was on the losing side as they lost 2–0 to St Mirren.

While Celtic relinquished the Scottish League title in 1926–27 title, finishing in 3rd place, McGrory had his best goalscoring season. He started the season well, twice scoring four goals and twice scoring five, and by New Year had only one less goal League goal (34) than the previous season's final tally of 35. He was just as prolific in the 1926–27 Scottish Cup, where he scored nine goals in only six outings, although in a cruel twist of fate he missed out on playing in the final, which Celtic won against East Fife 3–1, due to breaking two ribs in an April league defeat to Falkirk.

Despite missing the final, he still received a winner's medal on manager Willie Maley's recommendation due to the goals he had scored during their cup run. His 48 league goals throughout the season, including seven hat-tricks, saw him finish the top scorer in the Scottish top flight for the first time. He also scored a further hat trick in the Scottish Cup, in a 6–3 win away at Brechin City, to make a total of 8 hat-tricks for the season. A further two goals in the Glasgow Cup brought McGrory's total for the season to 59 goals.

By the late 1920s McGrory was a wanted man; in five seasons he had scored 143 League and Scottish Cup goals in just 152 games, and Celtic had already received and turned down countless offers for him. However, in August 1927 they decided to accept an offer from Arsenal for £10,000, which would have set a new world football transfer record.

McGrory had accepted a paid holiday invitation from Celtic to make a pilgrimage to the shrine at Lourdes, as a guest of Celtic manager Willie Maley. What McGrory didn't know was that Celtic had arranged a meeting with Arsenal manager Herbert Chapman and chairman Sir Samuel Hill-Wood MP in London. Upon arriving in London at Euston railway station, McGrory was surprised to be met on the station platform by Chapman and Hill-Wood (Maley knew, but had said nothing to McGrory about the ulterior motive). Chapman tried his hardest to charm and persuade McGrory to sign for Arsenal, but he turned him down flatly. Upon their return from Lourdes, McGrory and Maley were again met in London by Chapman and Hill-Wood in a surprise (even to Maley this time) visit. Arsenal made one last attempt at getting McGrory's signature, but again failed to persuade him.

In the aftermath of his refusal to leave Celtic, McGrory's weekly wage was reduced from £9 to £8 from the beginning of the season, with no warning or reason given. It is generally assumed that this was done out of spite for his refusal to sign for Arsenal and the club's loss of a £10,000 windfall. McGrory would later quip about the episode that "McGrory of Arsenal just never sounded as good as McGrory of Celtic".

It was ultimately an unsuccessful season though, with Celtic finishing second in the First Division and losing the Scottish Cup Final. Despite all his disappointment, he kept up his exceptional goal scoring feats, completing back to back finishes as top League scorer in Scotland with 47 goals in 36 games. He scored a total of 53 League and Scottish Cup goals in 42 games that season, and a further nine goals in the Glasgow Cup brought his tally up to a total of 62 goals for the season. Among these goals, which again included eight hat-tricks, he created what is still a Celtic, Scottish and British record for the most goals in a top-flight League match by one player, with 8 goals in a 9–0 win over Dunfermline on 14 January 1928.

Celtic finished second in the 1928–29 league season, but were 16 points behind winners Rangers. They were knocked out of the Scottish Cup at the semi-final stage, losing 0–1 to Kilmarnock at Rugby Park. McGrory spent a lengthy spell on the sidelines after picking up a very bad injury in an appearance for the Scottish League XI at Villa Park in November 1928.

Due to this prolonged period on the treatment table, McGrory missed a lot of games that season and in turn his goal scoring tally was down on the previous three seasons. Nevertheless, he still managed a tally of 31 League and Scottish Cup goals in 27 games.

1930s
No honours were achieved either in 1929–30, although McGrory continued to score regularly, netting 36 goals in 29 League and Scottish Cup games. Injuries were by now starting to take their toll on McGrory, who was always a regular target for some brutal 'defending'. He missed the first six games of season 1930–31 due to such an injury. While the League campaign was to ultimately prove disappointing, the team had shown promise and improved on the previous seasons finish of fourth place, running eventual winners Rangers close and finishing in second place only two points behind them. Celtic scored 101 goals in the process, with McGrory helping himself to a very credible 36 of them in only 29 games.

The 1930–31 Scottish Cup was to prove more fruitful all round, where he ended up with a winners medal and 8 goals from 6 games. In the Cup Final on 11 April 1931, he scored the opening goal in a 2–2 draw against Motherwell in front of crowd of 104,863 at Hampden Park, Glasgow. The replay took place on 15 April 1931, which Celtic won 4–2 thanks to two goals each from McGrory and Bertie Thomson.

Celtic found themselves way off the pace again in the 1931–32 Scottish Division One, finishing in third place, 18 points behind champions Motherwell. A huge factor in Celtic's indifferent season was the death of their goalkeeper John Thomson on 5 September 1931 at Ibrox Park. Rangers forward Sam English collided with Thomson and his knee struck the Celtic goalkeepers temple, fracturing his skull. Thomson was rushed to the Victoria Infirmary in Glasgow, but died later that evening. The effect on the team was evident in their general performance from that point onwards.

McGrory, on top of losing a teammate and friend, was succumbing to more serious injuries and missed large chunks of the season, only playing in 22 of the 38 League games. He and Celtic fared little better in the Scottish Cup, again losing out to Motherwell at the first round of entry, in round three. The injuries put paid to his usual high goal tally, and he suffered his lowest seasonal total since his first full season in 1924–25 season, with 28 goals in 23 League and Scottish Cup games.

On 14 March 1936, McGrory achieved the fastest hat-trick in Scottish League history, scoring three goals in less than 3 minutes, during a 5–0 win over Motherwell. McGrory was allowed to leave Celtic in December 1937 to become the manager of Kilmarnock, on the condition that he retired from playing.

International career
McGrory gained a total of seven caps for the Scottish national team, scoring six goals. In the mid and late 1920s he was generally overlooked, as were Dave Halliday and Hughie Ferguson, in favour of Hughie Gallacher who played 18 times in that period, scoring 24 goals in 17 victories and one draw. McGrory's full international debut was at Firhill in 1928 against Ireland when Gallacher was on a two-month suspension; Scotland lost 1–0 to an opponent Gallacher usually scored freely against. McGrory became something of a scapegoat, waiting over three years for his full international recall.

McGrory's six other caps were in the 1930s when Gallacher was unavailable due to a ban affecting non-English players playing for English clubs (Gallacher had been at the centre of this club-versus-country dispute when, under pressure from Newcastle United directors in April 1930, he played for them against Arsenal rather than for Scotland against England – Arsenal felt especially aggrieved since they had released Alex James and David Jack to play in the international at Wembley). In these six games, McGrory scored six goals, but despite this strike rate he was never given an extended run in the team; his final appearance, the only one in which he did not score aside from his debut, was also against Ireland and resulted in defeat, this time at his home club ground Celtic Park. The press were critical of the Scottish players individually and collectively, and McGrory was one of five in the Scotland team who were not selected for international duty again.

McGrory received his first calling to play for the Scottish Football League XI on 27 October 1926 to play against the Irish League XI at Tynecastle Park, scoring once in a 5–2 win. He then featured in the match with the English League XI at Filbert Street on 19 March 1927, and scored one goal in a 2–2 draw. He scored twice in a 6–2 defeat against the same opposition at Ibrox Park on 10 March 1928. McGrory played in six Inter-League matches in all, scoring 6 times.

Style of play
Although he was only 5 ft 6ins, McGrory was renowned for his prowess and ability from headers. His trademark was an almost horizontal, bullet header, which he performed and scored regularly from and which earned him his nicknames, of the "Human Torpedo" and the "Mermaid". Johnny Paton, who played for Celtic and Chelsea, described McGrory as being "all strength and muscle" and having a "great bull neck", adding that he was "the hardest header of a ball I ever saw" and also had "a great shot in his right boot."

Kilmarnock
McGrory became the first full-time manager of Kilmarnock in December 1937. Kilmarnock were struggling in the league, and lost their first two games under McGrory; a humiliating 9–1 rout at the hands of Celtic in his debut as manager and a 4–0 loss to Hibernian. However, the team's form improved and they went on a run of losing only once in a dozen games, and eventually managed to stay up. He also led Kilmarnock to the Scottish Cup Final, knocking both Celtic and Rangers out en route. The final took place on 23 April 1938 between Kilmarnock and East Fife, finishing in a 1–1 draw. The replay was held four days later, Kilmarnock losing 2–4.

Kilmarnock improved further in McGrory's first full season as manager, finishing in a comfortable mid-table position in the league at the end of 1938–39. They weren't able to replicate the previous season's cup form however, going out of the Scottish Cup in the second round to Hibernian. Hopes that McGrory's side of efficient journeymen and enthusiastic youngsters could progress further were quashed by Britain's declaration of war against Germany in September 1939. The Scottish League was abandoned and regional competitions organised in their place to minimise travelling across the country during wartime. Kilmarnock's ground, Rugby Park, was then requisitioned by the army in the summer of 1940 as a fuel depot. The combination of losing their ground and players being conscripted resulted in Kilmarnock stopping playing football altogether. McGrory was kept on officially as manager, but had virtually nothing to do. During this time he found work as chief storeman at a munitions factory in Ayrshire, and he also joined the Home Guard.

Kilmarnock finally returned to playing football again in the summer of 1944, although they had to play their home games at a nearby junior team's ground as Rugby Park was still being used by the army. Eventually their ground was returned to them in April 1945, and the club joined the Southern League for the forthcoming season. However, in July 1945 a Glasgow newspaper reported that McGrory would "make a sensational move soon." He himself later confirmed that Tom White, the Celtic chairman, had telephoned to arrange a meeting. McGrory duly travelled to Glasgow to speak with him, and was offered the job as manager of Celtic.

Celtic manager
On 24 July 1945, McGrory returned to Parkhead to manage Celtic. His first season proved to be difficult, with the side comprising an uneasy blend of veterans and youngsters. Winger Jimmy Delaney's sale to Manchester United in February 1946, after asking Celtic for a £2 rise in his weekly wage, and the transfer of Malky MacDonald to Kilmarnock further weakened the side. The season then ended in controversy when Celtic lost to Rangers in the semi-final of the Victory Cup, with numerous dubious decisions made against Celtic by a referee who appeared to be affected by alcohol. Celtic made a poor start to the following season, winning only one of their first five games. A further defeat against Third Lanark in September 1946 saw a large number of fans protest outside the ground, although it was the chairman Tom White who was subject of their criticism and not McGrory.

In March 1947, Tom White died and director Robert Kelly was elected as his successor as chairman. For the next 18 years, Kelly would be the dominant personality at Celtic Park; imposing his will in the running of the club at all levels including having direct involvement in team selection.

In 1948, the club endured an even worse season, and went into their last league game of the season with the possibility of being relegated. Celtic went on to win 3–2 against Dundee, to the relief of all associated with the club. McGrory later described Celtic's flirtation with relegation as "the worst experience I've ever had in football." In June 1948, McGrory signed Charlie Tully from Belfast Celtic for £8,000. Tully was a charismatic performer who combined audacious dribbling with outright showboating and razor sharp wit, making him hugely popular with the Celtic support. Celtic also appointed Jimmy Hogan during the summer of 1948 as a coach. He had previously worked throughout Europe, notably Hungary, and spent six years as the English FA's coach. Hogan only spent two years at Parkhead but is credited with the improvement in Celtic's football in the early 1950s.

Matters improved in the 1950s, with Bobby Evans, Bertie Peacock, Bobby Collins, along with Tully, making a positive impact on the team. In April 1951, a John McPhail goal saw Celtic defeat Motherwell 1–0 in the Scottish Cup Final for the club's first major trophy since the war. Two years later, Celtic defeated Arsenal, Manchester United and Hibernian to win the Coronation Cup, a one-off tournament held in May 1953 to commemorate the coronation of Elizabeth II.

In 1954 Celtic won their first league and cup double for forty years, and their first league title since 1938. Celtic finished five points ahead of Hearts in the league and had the best defensive record in the division (only 29 goals conceded). The Scottish Cup Final was contested between Celtic and Aberdeen. A keenly contested match was won by a Sean Fallon goal after excellent play from Willie Fernie.

He also led Celtic to their famous 7-1 Scottish League Cup Final win over Rangers in 1957, which to this day remains a record score-line in a major British cup final. The game and McGrory are remembered in the supporters' song "Hampden in the Sun". McGrory is also remembered in another popular song amongst the supporters named after his manager, the "Willie Maley Song".

His time as manager, however, is considered largely a period of underachievement, and with chairman Robert Kelly's domineering influence in the running of the club, many questioned how much say McGrory had in team selection. The years that followed the League Cup Final win over Rangers saw Celtic struggle and, despite the emergence of hugely promising players such as Billy McNeill, Paddy Crerand, Bertie Auld and Jimmy Johnstone, Celtic won no more major trophies under McGrory.

Celtic's third-place finish in the league in season 1961–62 saw them qualify for the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1962–63; the club's first participation in European club competitions. Drawn against Spanish side Valencia in the first round, Celtic were beaten 4–2 in the first leg in Spain on 24 October 1962, having trailed 3–0 at half time. Bobby Carroll scored Celtic's two goals in the second half, becoming the club's first ever European goalscorer. A modicum of pride after the first leg defeat was restored, however, in the return leg in Glasgow, which finished in a 2–2 draw, albeit seeing Celtic lose the tie on aggregate and be eliminated from the competition.

The following season, 1963–64, saw Celtic return to European competition, this time in the European Cup Winners Cup. Celtic belied their mediocre domestic form in Scotland by reaching the semi-final of the tournament, eliminating Basel, Dinamo Zagreb and Slovan Bratislava en route. The first leg of the semi-final against MTK Budapest took place at Celtic Park, and goals from Jimmy Johnstone and Stevie Chalmers gave Celtic an impressive 3–0 win. A combination of tactical naïveté and questionable refereeing saw Celtic slump to a 4–0 defeat in the return leg in Hungary and go out on aggregate.

McGrory was manager for nearly 20 years, before Jock Stein succeeded him in March 1965. At this time, the Celtic board appointed McGrory to the new role of Public Relations Officer, a post he would retain until his retirement in 1979.

Legacy
McGrory is the all-time leading goalscorer in top-flight British football with a total of 550 goals in 547 competitive games. This total includes 6 goals that he scored in 6 Inter-League matches for the Scottish Football League XI. McGrory is a legendary figure within Celtic's history. He is their top scorer of all time with 522 goals from 501 games, and holds their record for the most goals in a season, with 62 goals from 46 games in season 1927–28. He has also notched up a British top-flight record of 55 hat-tricks, 48 coming in League games and 7 from Scottish Cup ties. It could be argued he in fact scored 56, as he hit 8 goals in a Scottish League game against Dunfermline on 14 January 1928. The eight goals scored in that match against Dunfermline is also a British top-flight record. The boots worn by McGrory and football used in that game are on display at the Scottish Football Museum.

In 2004, he was inducted into both the Scottish Football Hall of Fame and the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame.

Career statistics
The statistics below are based on research compiled by Celtic Football Club historian Pat Woods, who is the author or co-author of ten books on the club.

Managerial record
A FibaStats includes a total of 39 games for season 1939–40, however 34 of these were for the unofficial regional league and cup competitions that were introduced during WW2. These games have been removed from the statistics in the above table.

Player

 * St Roch's
 * Scottish Junior Cup
 * Winner: 1921–22
 * Scottish Junior Football League
 * Winner: 1921–22
 * Inter-Parish Tournament:
 * Winner: 1921–22
 * Glasgow Junior Charity Cup
 * Runner-up: 1921–22

 * Celtic

 * Scottish League Division One
 * Winner: 1925–26, 1935–36, 1937–38
 * Scottish Cup
 * Winner: 1924–25, 1926–27, 1930–31, 1932–33, 1936–37
 * Runner-up: 1925–26, 1927–28
 * Glasgow Cup
 * Winner: 1926–27, 1927–28, 1928–29, 1930–31
 * Runners-up: 1924–25, 1925–26, 1929–30, 1935–36
 * Glasgow Charity Cup
 * Winner: 1925–26, 1935–36, 1936–37
 * Runner-up: 1928–29, 1929–30, 1933–34
 * St Vincent de Paul Charity Cup
 * Winner: 1928

Manager

 * Kilmarnock
 * Scottish Cup
 * Runner-up: 1937–38
 * St Vincent de Paul Charity Cup
 * Winner: 1938

 * Celtic

 * Scottish League Division One
 * Winner: 1953–54
 * Scottish Cup
 * Winner: 1950–51, 1953–54
 * Runner-up: 1954–55, 1955–56, 1960–61, 1962–63
 * Scottish League Cup
 * Winner: 1956–57, 1957–58
 * Runner-up: 1964–65
 * Coronation Cup
 * Winner: 1953
 * Saint Mungo Cup
 * Winner: 1951–52
 * Glasgow Cup
 * Winner: 1948–49, 1955–56, 1961–62, 1963–64
 * Runner-up: 1950–51, 1951–52, 1960–61, 1962–63
 * Glasgow Charity Cup
 * Winner: 1949–50, 1952–53, 1958–59, 1960–61
 * Runner-up: 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49

Individual

 * Scottish Football Hall of Fame:
 * Inducted – 2004
 * Scottish Sports Hall of Fame
 * Inducted – 2004

title: Jimmy McGrory


text: Category:Health charities

title: Category:Health charities


text:
User talk:PaulHammond/archive1

Incivility
Hi, no, it is not a typo. My english is not the best you could dream of, and I started the article at uncivility, and even now, I have trouble remembering which one is the correct one :-)

Thanks for reading it :-)

SweetLittleFluffyThing

Charles Darwin
You read the whole Darwin/Lincoln talk page!? Wow. Even I don't do that anymore. It's about half as long as a short Agatha Christie mystery. Anyway, I'd like to point out that the comment you moved off the vote section was placed there by JoeD. I had placed it on his talk page. (Just so you know.) Cheers, Vincent 04:16, 10 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Re: revert question
You're welcome. I figured that was the problem. And by the way, it is generally considered inappropriate to remove material from your talk page, unless it has been vandalized (especially if a vandal has modified others' comments). If the page gets too large, you may archive the earlier discussions; people usually have links to these at the top of their talk pages. — Knowledge Seeker দ (talk) 09:30, 10 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Yeshiva naming
To answer your question on Talk:Mir Yeshiva - many yeshivoth (= plural of yeshiva) are a continuation of those colleges in Eastern Europe that were wiped out during the Holocaust. There are various other examples, such as the Telz (= Telsiai) yeshiva which is presently in Wickliffe, Ohio. They usually retain their original name in memory of their legacy.

Many Hasidic groups do the same: Chabad Lubavitch takes its name from a Byelorussian town, although this Hassidic group is presently based in Brooklyn, NY. JFW | T@lk  19:54, 10 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Doctor Who
Sorry for the delay in responding; I just took a bit of an unannounced wikibreak and didn't catch your message until today. I've been a Doctor Who fan for about two years, and have been watching rerun episodes on a local independent public TV station (WYBE) since towards the end of the Fourth Doctor (it's now at the very end of the Seventh Doctor). I've also read quite a bit of the literature on Doctor Who and a few of the novels. --Goobergunch|? 18:27, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Talk page vandalism
Hi Paul.. I just noticed that guy when I was doing "Recent Changes" patrol - I saw that he'd vandalised Minor Bahá'í divisions, so I reverted it, and left him a message. Then, as is my habit, I checked his contributions again an hour or so later, and spotted that he'd hit up this page and also User talk:Rboatright. No idea what his grudge was with you! --Stormie 02:06, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think his grudge was probably with the Baha'is rather than me - but I think you might have gotten me into something now - have a look here. PaulHammond 02:24, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC) (cc to Stormie's talk page)

Bahai attacks
I know you're not a Baha'i but... yikes, this is getting quite aggressive. Has it been like this for long or I just joined at an awkward time? -- Tomhab 16:03, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Firstly... does this come up as a new message, or is it only if you add a new comment?

 * Secondly have you seen Amir having a go at Refbot now?? Geez. I joined wikipedia because a friend always went on about how great the ethos is. Even if people make random changes, someone will correct them and it all works out in the long run. I was pretty convinced for a while (as the amount and quality of the articles must be far greater than Britanica by now), but upon getting sucked into this I'm having my doubts. Amir and Martin can't compromise and I just can't see them letting up. The only thing thats keeping me on here is the fact that I can't let them win :). They have made the interesting point that these pages are pretty much Baha'i leaflets mind.

 * Heh my watch list is almost entirely Baha'i pages though as I don't actually know enough about another topic to contribute. -- Tomhab 22:28, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * To be honest I was born a Baha'i, and am now 21 - quite young but I've always taken a clinical approach towards the religion and am pretty well read. I've had quite a liberal upbringing and am quite familiar with pretty much all the crap thats been brought up by people trying to put a (how to put this)... less positive POV of the Baha'i faith compared to pamphlet literature (I've just rolled my eyes reading what I've missed since I went to visit my brother on Thursday). One thing I hadn't heard of is the two wives bit for Babis, and still not found much on the topic. I know one can argue that Baha'is are good at hiding details, but they're also good at defending themselves so its a tad odd I can't find any details anywhere. One thing which was interesting was reading one of the few early sources on Babism/Bahaism History and Doctrine of the Babi Movement. Its a little negative towards the Babis, but it does fill in a few gaps and seems reasonably factual. I only read the history sections though to be honest.
 * I think I'll be taking a step back from it all though. I'm tired of working against so many people, such as the whole issue of putting the image at the bottom of the page, debate going on between 4-5 people, free for anyone to put input into for several days and we finally get a consensus to try something. Then Raul - a wikipedia admin and arbiter comes in and ignores it all enforcing his own rules on standards. Wikipedia is great for some things, but its awful at anything where opinion can vary. There are too many pre-pubescent kids who think they know it all on the net, and yet more people who aren't, but still need to have a second go at puberty.
 * The idea of the Wiki being perfect for any situation has lost my vote I'm afraid. There needs to be a father figure who runs contentious pages and personally goes over every change. Not gonna happen but oh well. -- Tomhab 23:58, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Baha'u'llah's photo
Paul, here's my take on it. I'm the one who posted the original request that the photo of Baha'u'llah NOT be on the wiki. I _did_ post a photo of the shrine. :-/ I knew then, and know now, that this was a futile request, but the darn thing worked for nearly a year. :-)

As a moderator of soc.religion.bahai I have become used to the fact that in order to have discussion ABOUT the faith, it is nessesary to allow attacks ON the faith. If the moslems can't post on SRB stuff like "Baha'u'llah is short, ungrammatical liar" how can we RESPOND to the hate they're spewing elsewhere. We learn by doing.

The simple reality is, that photo has been up on the web for over 3 years, possibly longer. It's certainly been published in any number of books longer than that. Would you ask the nice folks over at H-Bahai to take down the pdf's of the books of Ahmad Sorhab because he was proclaimed a covenant breaker? Nope. It's historical context. We have to deal with that.

We deal with the orthodox Baha'is and mad-Joel. We deal with the occasional afnan who still feels shortchanged of his inheritance but will not embrace the cause as it exists. These things are part of growing a religion.

The photo of Baha'u'llah isn't an attack. It's a historical document. It's what he looked like on that day, in that place, at that time. The challenge before us as a community is not to waste our effort and credit on these small battles.

The challenge we face will come when attempting to participate in editing definitive encyclopaedic articles on Ahmad Sorhab or Ruhi Effendi Afnan, or even a definitive encyclopaedic article on Mirza Yahya himself, will be a true challenge. Save your breath, and blood for the fights before us, glance in passing at the face of the Manifestation of God for our day as you work on His page, and do the best you can. God can certainly ask nothing more of us.

Rick Boatright 06:24, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the coffee message; I am amazed at how much time can be spent on this thing. I just hope that most of the hours my children were spending online were on editing encyclopaedias rather than games. And thanks for removing the two references in Baha'i Faith. One tries so hard to be even-handed that it is easy to become tied up in knots. --Occamy 21:01, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

And thanks for the external links guidance. I scanned the Editing Help pages without being wiser on the subject....and I complain about my mother's technology skills! --Occamy 19:04, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Paul: the passport photograph would have been taken shortly after Baha'u'llah's December 1852 release from the Siyah-Chal dungeon and before the start of His exile on 12 January 1853. Adib Taherzadeh, in The Covenant of Baha'u'llah, writes "...His neck badly injured and His back bent by the weight of heavy chains..." which would contribute to why Baha'u'llah appears as He does in the photo. I am minded that it is probably best to let the dispute about the photo come to a resolution before offering this information. What do you think? I am asking Rick Boatright, Tomhab and Gini too. --Occamy 07:31, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Archives
Thanks Paul for your work and pointing me to the Refactoring and Talk pages. I hope that working on non-controversial sites is less frustrating than these pages. --Occamy 14:12, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Maybe that is what Amir et al want to happen. Maybe we shouldn't spend so much time on the pages and take a long term view of it all. --Occamy 14:27, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * That sounds like a very sensible suggestion to me. --PaulHammond 17:45, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:PaulHammond/archive1


text:
Talk:Expensive Typewriter

Steve Piner's Recollections
I wrote Expensive Typewriter in 1961 initially as a program editor - at that time, the PDP-1 used paper tapes, prepared off-line on a Friden Flexowriter. It was very difficult to edit these tapes on the Flexowriter. You had to read the tape on the Friden, watching closely until you got to the part you wanted to edit. Then you would shut off the reader, enter the next text on the keyboard (or to delete, shut off the punch, then turn the reader back on until you were past the incorrect portion). For long tapes, it was quite tedious. The original version of ET, which ran using the Soroban as a control, was a line-number oriented editor; you could copy N lines, skip N lines, insert new lines, etc. It didn't take long for me to add primitive search capabilities, so then you could address relative to tags (labels) in place of line numbers. This then led to more general use as a letter writer, and I added justification capabilities to it. L. Peter Deutch later contributed to the development, adding many improvements. The inspiration for ET was Collossal Typewriter, which was a very primitive editor. The PDP-1 (to my knowledge), and certainly ET, never "drove" a Friden Flexowriter.

Steve Piner

 * Thanks for posting that!

 * Atlant 20:17, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Expensive Typewriter


text:
Talk:Remote procedure call

Packet Format
Packet formats should be added

First/Second class RPC
I think inclusion of an explanation between first and second class RPC calls is necessary, with examples of each.

Cheesysam (talk) 20:07, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

IDL and Windows COM objects
It is my understanding that Windows COM objects (originally Object Linking and Embedding or at least the linking part of it) were based on RPC, at least to the extent that OLE and COM use an Interface Definition Language. I think it would help to emphasize that connection. I think it would help to at least include a description of the IDL or whatever it is that RPC uses. Sam Tomato (talk) 06:59, 6 March 2011 (UTC)
 * DCOM is based on RPC 82.82.138.197 (talk) 18:39, 4 January 2015 (UTC)
 * No The only difference between COM and DCOM is the communication part. COM uses type libraries that are compiled Microsoft Interface Definition Language. Sam Tomato (talk) 23:47, 16 May 2018 (UTC)

There should at least be something about the Interface description language; it is fundamental to RPCs and is more important than much of the other stuff in this article. Sam Tomato (talk) 23:47, 16 May 2018 (UTC)

Spyne link refers to something else
The link to Spyne on this page refers to the wrong Spyne. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.174.183.31 (talk) 14:43, 5 February 2013 (UTC)

Indefinite article
See Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents and Talk:XMPP. Andrewa (talk) 15:13, 24 May 2013 (UTC)

"Remoting"
Remoting redirects to this article. What is the meaning with respect to RPC? --Abdull (talk) 13:08, 6 August 2013 (UTC)

gRPC
I came across this today, so decided to drop it here. • Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 16:16, 28 August 2015 (UTC)
 * http://www.grpc.io/
 * http://www.grpc.io/faq/
 * http://eighty-twenty.org/2015/08/28/grpc-dot-io.html
 * https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10135347

External links modified
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Client-server in introduction
"This is a form of client–server interaction (caller is client, executor is server),". Given that this is in distributed computing, a peer-to-peer definition would be more appropriate, e.g. dialer-listener (which is a term that IPFS uses).

Jamesray1 (talk) 02:04, 22 May 2018 (UTC)

Talk:Remote procedure call-..
Domain example Younggun7759 (talk) 18:05, 6 April 2021 (UTC)

RPC
Telugu 202.21.42.122 (talk) 16:41, 11 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Remote procedure call


text:
Upper atmosphere

Upper atmosphere is a collective term that refers to various layers of the atmosphere of the Earth above the troposphere and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets, and includes:

 * The mesosphere, which on Earth lies between the altitudes of about 50 and 80 km, sometimes considered part of the "middle atmosphere" rather than the upper atmosphere
 * The thermosphere, which on Earth lies between the altitudes of about 80 and 700 km
 * The exosphere, which on Earth lies between the altitudes of about 700 km and 10,000 km
 * The ionosphere, an ionized portion of the upper atmosphere which includes the upper mesosphere, thermosphere, and lower exosphere and on Earth lies between the altitudes of 48 and 965 km

title: Upper atmosphere


text:
User talk:JSN7

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 19:33, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:JSN7


text:
Comforter

A comforter (in American English), also known as a doona in Australian English, or a continental quilt (or simply quilt) or duvet in British English, is a type of bedding made of two lengths of fabric or covering sewn together and filled with insulative materials for warmth, traditionally down or feathers, wool or cotton batting, silk, or polyester and other down alternative fibers. Like quilts, comforters are generally laid over a top bed sheet (and sometimes also blankets) and used to cover the body during sleep. Duvets are another form of quilt, traditionally filled with feathers, though since the late 20th century often made of synthetic fibres or down alternatives.

A comforter is sometimes covered for protection and prolonged use. Comforter covers are similar in principle to pillowcases, usually closed with zippers or buttons.

In the United Kingdom, the term comforter is not generally used. It is instead called a quilt (or continental quilt), a duvet or an eiderdown. A duvet differs in that it is thicker and usually used with a cover, and without blankets or extra sheets.

In Indonesia, the term comforter is not generally used. It is instead called a Bed Cover. Usually bed cover is sold in packages containing sheets and comforter.

Sometimes a comforter is sold as part of a "bed in a bag", usually a case of some sort with handles that contains an entire set of bedding in the same or a matching pattern: comforter and top sheet, fitted sheet, pillowcase(s), and perhaps pillow sham(s). Some sets have a duvet and duvet cover (more popular in Europe) in place of a comforter and top sheet. More deluxe sets may include a bed skirt and pillows.

Comforters are usually used in the winter season when it is very cold, although a variety of different thicknesses means that they can be used in other seasons as well, with lighter examples being used in warmer weather. Due to the thickness of a comforter or the amount of down/feathers or other filling it has, a person is insulated against cold.

Comforter sizes correspond with bed sizes: twin, full, queen, king, and cal-king. Comforter sizes run slightly larger than mattress sizes to allow for draping over the sides of the bed. Typical sizes in the United States for comforters are:
 * Twin Bed = 64 in width × 87 in length
 * Queen Bed / Full = 87 in width × 87 in length
 * King Bed = 101 in width × 90 in length

Construction
Filling – Comforters are filled with layers of natural material such as down feathers, wool, or silk; alternatively, polyester batting is used. Comforters can also be made out of fur, usually with a backing of satin or silk. The loft of the filling determines the weight as well as the level of insulation. The comforter is stitched or quilted to secure the filling and keep it evenly distributed.

Shell/covering – The outer shells of comforters are typically made with cotton, silk, or polyester fabrics or blends, of varying thread counts. Comforter shells vary in design and color, often designed to coordinate with other bedding.

title: Comforter


text: User talk:206.225.84.11

title: User talk:206.225.84.11


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dual Bash

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETE. Stormie 19:22, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

Dual Bash
Short version of others - community / chat page This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete jk 19:52, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 21:09, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Jpo 00:53, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, article as it stands is un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 02:52, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedily Deleted as "CSD#3 -- indisputable bad faith addition." SWAdair | Talk  07:01, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Cherry Hinton Hall

Cherry Hinton Hall is a house and park in Cherry Hinton, to the south of Cambridge, England. The house and grounds are owned and managed by Cambridge City Council.

The Hall hosts the annual Cambridge Folk Festival that draws thousands to the park. During the summer Cherry Hinton Hall is popular including with young families. Community activities also take place in the park, such as an archaeological and buildings survey carried out by local schoolchildren in 2007.

In 2007, Cherry Hinton Hall became home to Cambridge International School.

The Friends of Cherry Hinton Hall was formed in 2009 as a group concerned about the usage, environment, welfare and future of the park for the benefit of those who use it most.

Owners and residents
Cherry Hinton Hall was built in 1839 by John Okes (1793-1870), a surgeon at Addenbrookes Hospital in Cambridge. He had been apprenticed to his father, Thomas Verney Okes, a doctor at Addenbrookes Hospital, before qualifying at the University of Cambridge as a surgeon. In 1824 Okes married Mary Elizabeth Collin, only daughter of Joseph Martin, of Epping. They lived in Cambridge for some time; from 1831 Okes purchased the old enclosures at Mill End Close, and the land at Mill End common, and in 1839 built Cherry Hinton Hall on this land. John Okes outlined in a court case the improvements he made to the land. He said when he bought it there was only an old farm house on it. He built the Hall and then laid out the gardens. He made the following statement in 1854: “I have laid out a considerable sum of money in planting. When I purchased the estate the Cherry Hinton Brook ran through it. The whole stream came from two springs skirting my property. In building the house I selected the spot with a view of making ornamental water. I cut a channel and made the lake in a great measure and have been every year enlarging it. I have stocked the stream for trout and dug a pond for pike". On Okes's death in 1870 the Cherry Hinton estate was sold to the Cambridge University and Town Waterworks Company. One of the Directors of the Waterworks Company was the next resident.

Charles Balls was born in 1810 in Cambridge, son of farm labourer Henry Balls. He became a shoe-maker, subsequently making his fortune as a leather merchant. In 1858 and 1859 he was appointed Mayor of Cambridge, and was later one of the Directors of the Cambridge University and Town Waterworks Company and, at one time, was Chairman of the Cambridge University and Town Gas Light Company. His wife Eliza died in 1876 at Cherry Hinton Hall and Charles and his daughters lived at the Hall until 1888 when they moved back to Cambridge. Charles died in 1892 in his Cambridge home at the age of 82. By 1902, Richard Thomas Lyons MD lived at the Hall. In 1902 solicitor Sir William Phene Neal, 1st Baronet (Lord Mayor of London in 1930) and his wife came to live at the Hall, and remained there for many years.

It appears that Neal operated a dairy farm on the estate, as reference is made in a trade magazine to the “Cherryhinton Hall Farm Dairy". In the 1930s the Hall and surrounding land was purchased by the Cambridge City Council and they still own it today.

title: Cherry Hinton Hall


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Climate theory

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was REDIRECT.

The votes were 4 delete, 2 redirect, 2 keep. dbenbenn | talk 02:58, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Climate theory
Not encyclopedic JoJan 19:40, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Seems like utter nonsense to me. Can this be speedied? Katefan0 21:57, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research. - Jpo 00:51, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, original research, bordering on patent nonsense. Alphax (t) (c) (e) 02:28, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu. It's mentioned in that article. Megan1967 02:57, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename (and disambiguate) or delete. The term 'Climate theory' is much more often used in the context of weather, meteorology, and climate change than to refer to the good Baron's theory.  Perhaps a disambiguation page at this title, with appropriate links to climate, weather, and psychology topics?  I fear that a plain redirect would not take most people where they wanted to go.  If there is a substantial amount to be said on the topic then move this article to Climate theory (psychology) or something similar.  Otherwise it can quite happily exist as a section within the Baron of Montesquieu's article. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 16:50, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur Kappa 19:22, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Megan1967 is correct. This is neither original research nor patent nonsense.  It is the discredited theory of a historical figure. I'm not sure it deserves an independent article, however.  The current content is completely redundant with the section in Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu's article.  Given that it is discredited, I don't know what could be added. I'm inclined to redirect for now.  Future editors can turn it into a disambiguation page when they need it later.  Right now, nothing from "what links here" points back to any meteorology topic. Rossami (talk) 22:47, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dual Bash 2

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETE. Stormie 19:23, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

Dual Bash 2
More of the same chat / community stuff This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete jk 19:55, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 21:09, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. - Jpo 00:52, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, article as it stands is un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 02:53, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and the images too. Rhobite 04:02, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedily Deleted as "CSD#3 -- indisputable bad faith addition." SWAdair | Talk  07:02, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Radhanite

The Radhanites or Radanites (רדנים; الرذنية) were early medieval Jewish merchants, active in the trade between Christendom and the Muslim world during roughly the 8th to the 10th centuries. Many trade routes previously established under the Roman Empire continued to function during that period, largely through their efforts. Their trade network covered much of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of India and China.

Only a limited number of primary sources use the term, and it remains unclear whether they referred to a specific guild, to a clan, or generically to Jewish merchants in the trans-Eurasian trade network.

Name
Several etymologies have been suggested for the word "Radhanite". Many scholars, including Barbier de Meynard and Moshe Gil, believe it refers to a district in Mesopotamia called "the land of Radhan" in Arabic and Hebrew texts of the period.

Another hypothesis suggests that the name might be derived from the city of Ray (Rhages) in northern Iran. Still others think the name possibly derives from the Persian terms rah "way, path" and dān "one who knows", meaning "one who knows the way".

Two western Jewish historians, Cecil Roth and Claude Cahen, have suggested a connection to the name of the Rhône River valley in France, which is Rhodanus in Latin and Rhodanos (Ῥοδανός) in Greek. They claim that the center of Radhanite activity was probably in France as all of their trade routes began there.

English-language and other Western sources added the suffix -ite to the term, as is done with ethnonyms or names derived from place names.

Activities
The activities of the Radhanites are documented by Ibn Khordadbeh – the postmaster, chief of police (and spymaster) for the province of Jibal, under the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tamid – when he wrote Kitab al-Masalik wal-Mamalik (Book of Roads and Kingdoms), in about 870. Ibn Khordadbeh described the Radhanites as sophisticated and multilingual. He outlined four main trade routes used by the Radhanites in their journeys; all four began in the Rhone Valley in southern France and terminated on China's east coast. Radhanites primarily carried commodities that combined small bulk and high demand, including spices, perfumes, jewelry, and silk. They are also described as transporting oils, incense, steel weapons, furs, and slaves.

Text of Ibn Khordadbeh's account
In his Book of Roads and Kingdoms (كِتَاب ٱلْمَسَالِك وَٱلْمَمَالِك, Kitāb al-Masālik wa-l-Mamālik), Ibn Khordadbeh listed four routes along which Radhanites traveled in the following account.

 * These merchants speak Arabic, Persian, Roman, the Frank, Spanish, and Slav languages. They journey from West to East, from East to West, partly on land, partly by sea. They transport from the West eunuchs, female slaves, boys, brocade, castor, marten and other furs, and swords. They take ship from Firanja (France), on the Western Sea, and make for Farama (Pelusium). There they load their goods on camel-back and go by land to al-Kolzum (Suez), a distance of twenty-five farsakhs. They embark in the East Sea and sail from al-Kolzum to al-Jar and al-Jeddah, then they go to Sind, India, and China. On their return from China they carry back musk, aloes, camphor, cinnamon, and other products of the Eastern countries to al-Kolzum and bring them back to Farama, where they again embark on the Western Sea. Some make sail for Constantinople to sell their goods to the Romans; others go to the palace of the King of the Franks to place their goods. Sometimes these Jew merchants, when embarking from the land of the Franks, on the Western Sea, make for Antioch (at the head of the Orontes River); thence by land to al-Jabia (al-Hanaya on the bank of the Euphrates), where they arrive after three days’ march. There they embark on the Euphrates and reach Baghdad, whence they sail down the Tigris, to al-Obolla. From al-Obolla they sail for Oman, Sindh, Hind, and China.

 * These different journeys can also be made by land. The merchants that start from Spain or France go to Sus al-Aksa (in Morocco) and then to Tangier, whence they walk to Kairouan and the capital of Egypt. Thence they go to ar-Ramla, visit Damascus, al-Kufa, Baghdad, and al-Basra, cross Ahvaz, Fars, Kerman, Sind, Hind, and arrive in China.

 * Sometimes, also, they take the route behind Rome and, passing through the country of the Slavs, arrive at Khamlidj, the capital of the Khazars. They embark on the Jorjan Sea, arrive at Balkh, betake themselves from there across the Oxus, and continue their journey toward Yurt, Toghuzghuz, and from there to China.

Historical significance

During the Early Middle Ages, Muslim polities of the Middle East and North Africa and Christian kingdoms of Europe often banned each other's merchants from entering their ports. Privateers of both sides raided the shipping of their adversaries at will. The Radhanites functioned as neutral go-betweens, keeping open the lines of communication and trade between the lands of the old Roman Empire and the Far East. As a result of the revenue they brought, Jewish merchants enjoyed significant privileges under the early Carolingian dynasty in France and throughout the Muslim world, a fact that sometimes vexed local Church authorities.

While most trade between Europe and East Asia had historically been conducted via Persian and Central Asian intermediaries, the Radhanites were among the first to establish a trade network that stretched from Western Europe to Eastern Asia. They engaged in this trade regularly and over an extended period of time, centuries before Marco Polo and ibn Battuta brought their tales of travel in the Orient to the Christians and the Muslims, respectively. Ibn Battuta is believed to have traveled with the Muslim traders who traveled to the Orient on routes similar to those used by the Radhanites.

While traditionally many historians believed that the art of Chinese papermaking had been transmitted to Europe via Arab merchants who got the secret from prisoners of war taken at the Battle of Talas, some believe that Jewish merchants such as the Radhanites were instrumental in bringing paper-making west. Joseph of Spain, possibly a Radhanite, is credited by some sources with introducing the so-called Arabic numerals from India to Europe. Historically, Jewish communities used letters of credit to transport large quantities of money without the risk of theft from at least classical times. This system was developed and put into force on an unprecedented scale by medieval Jewish merchants such as the Radhanites; if so, they may be counted among the precursors to the banks that arose during the late Middle Ages and early modern period.

Some scholars believe that the Radhanites may have played a role in the conversion of the Khazars to Judaism. In addition, they may have helped establish Jewish communities at various points along their trade routes, and were probably involved in the early Jewish settlement of Eastern Europe, Central Asia, China and India.

Besides ibn Khordadbeh, the Radhanites are mentioned by name by a handful of sources. Ibn al-Faqih's early 10th century Book of the Countries mentions them, but much of ibn al-Faqih's information was derived from ibn Khordadbeh's work. Sefer haDinim, a Hebrew account of the travels of Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir of Mainz, named Przemyśl and Kiev as trading sites along the Radhanite route. In the early 12th century, a French-Jewish trader named Isaac ben Dorbolo wrote that he traveled with Radhanite merchants to Poland.

Disappearance
The activities of the Radhanites appear to cease during the 10th century. The causes may have been the fall of Tang China in 908, followed by the collapse of the Khazarian state at the hands of the Rus' some sixty years later (circa 968–969). Trade routes became unstable and unsafe, a situation exacerbated by the rise of expansionist Turco-Persianate states, and the Silk Road largely collapsed for centuries. This period saw the rise of the mercantile Italian city-states, especially the maritime republics, Genoa, Venice, Pisa, and Amalfi, who viewed the Radhanites as unwanted competitors.

The Radhanites had mostly disappeared by the end of the 10th century; there have been suggestions that a collection of 11th century Jewish scrolls discovered in a cave in Afghanistan's Samangan Province in 2011 may represent a remnant of Radhanites in that area.

The economy of Europe was profoundly affected by the disappearance of the Radhanites. For example, documentary evidence indicates that many spices in regular use during the early Middle Ages completely disappeared from European tables in the 10th century. Jews had previously, in large parts of Western Europe, enjoyed a virtual monopoly on the spice trade. The slave trade appears to have been continued by other agents, for example, for the year 1168, Helmold von Bosau reports that 700 enslaved Danes were offered for sale in Mecklenburg by Slavic pirates. In the Black Sea area, slave trade appears to have been taken over by the Tatars, mostly selling enslaved Slavs to the Ottoman Turks.

title: Radhanite


text:
USS Plymouth Rock

USS Plymouth Rock (LSD-29) was a Thomaston-class dock landing ship of the United States Navy, named for Plymouth Rock, the legendary landing site of the Pilgrims in 1620.

Plymouth Rock was laid down by Ingalls Shipbuilding Corp., Pascagoula, Mississippi on 4 May 1953; launched on 7 May 1954; sponsored by Mrs. Francis C. Denebrink; and commissioned on 29 November 1954.

Service history
After sailing in January 1955 to Norfolk, her homeport, Plymouth Rock conducted shakedown off the East Coast and in the Caribbean. In the summer of 1955 she transported men and equipment to early warning sites in the far north. In March 1956 she deployed to the Mediterranean for amphibious operations, returning in October. During 1957 she made numerous trips to the Caribbean, and again resupplied the Arctic Distant Early Warning Line.

From May to October 1958 Plymouth Rock operated as a unit of the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean, participating in the landing of U.S. Marines in Lebanon in July. After developing the concept of "vertical envelopment" by helicopter assault in early 1959, she made a Caribbean cruise to Puerto Rico and Cuba. In February 1960 she participated in "Operation Amigo", carrying support helicopters and other equipment for President Dwight Eisenhower's visit to South America. From March to December, she again deployed to the Mediterranean.

During 1961 Plymouth Rock made several cruises to the Caribbean and one to the Mediterranean, including work on Project Mercury and Project ASROC. During 1962 she made several deployments to the Caribbean, and was a member of the blockade force during the Cuban Missile Crisis. On 7 May 1963 she again deployed to the Mediterranean, returning in October.

In 1964 Plymouth Rock made two Caribbean cruises and then took part in Operation Steel Pike I off the coast of Spain, the largest amphibious operation since World War II. Early 1965 found Plymouth Rock on another Caribbean cruise. From 28 January to 7 March 1966 she was involved in H-Bomb recovery operations off Palomares, Spain following the Palomares hydrogen bombs incident. Late 1966 found her once again in the Caribbean, providing for the victims of Hurricane Inez in Haiti. After three Caribbean cruises in early 1967, Plymouth Rock deployed to northern Europe. She made two more Caribbean deployments in 1968. From June to July 1969 she again deployed to northern Europe.

Plymouth Rock was decommissioned on 30 September 1983 and transferred to the Maritime Administration on 8 November 1989 and laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet. Her name was struck from the Navy List on 24 February 1992 and she was sold for scrapping, 25 August 1995, to Peck Recycling, Richmond, Virginia, for $268,707.

title: USS Plymouth Rock


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tigrawot

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 03:02, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Tigrawot
''Please use this page for voting only. For further discussion, please visit the discussion page.'' - Gyrofrog 15:22, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The name of a speaker of the Tigrignan language. This article is a dictionary defintion, & I cannot see how it will become anything more. I have already moved the material to the article on the language (which is currently a stub, & could benefit from some work). Speedy delete if appropriate.
 * Keep, add tag and expand. Google results look to me like this is used as a term for an ethnic group. Here's one of them: "If there is no peace in Eritrea it is just because of you. If we ingaged at war it is just because of you guys. Tigrawot have been our enemies since day one".  Kappa 20:32, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and Redirect to Tigrignan language. Sc147 00:07, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Pending - See discussion. Keep and expand. My assumption is that ethnic groups in Ethiopia are distinguished from one another by more than just language.  If this is not the case, then merge and redirect to Tigrignan language.  One more thing, shouldn't the person who listed this here sign his or her name?  I'm not sure a VfD should be started anonymously. OK, I can see your name in the page history, but please consider signing on the page itself. - Gyrofrog 01:09, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Also note there are separate articles for Amhara and Amharic language. Granted, that's a bit different, since many Ethiopians who are not Amhara do speak Amharic. - Gyrofrog 01:23, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry about forgetting to sign my articles. One reason I nominate so few. -- llywrch 18:54, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and Redirect to Tigrignan language. Article will probably stay stubbish at best. Tigrawot only returns 33 Google hits. Megan1967 03:00, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep if an ethnic group name, as ethnic groups are inherently notable, and not just for their language. Merge and redirect if Tigrawot simply refers to a speaker of that language though. — Ливай | ☺ 03:15, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep appears to be an ethnic group in Ethopia and Eritrea. It would be good if we could expand it from a stub. Capitalistroadster 10:21, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I am not a sociologist and do not know any thing on the differences between ethnicity, nationality and the like. What I know is that it is not correct to refer to the Tigray ethnicity as Tigrinya. That was what I edited out from the original entry. The language the Amhara speak is Amharigna (that is, the Amharic language). It would not be correct to refer to the Amhara as Amharigna either.Yewqet 15:02 (GMT) 11 Feb 2005
 * Comment: viewing the discussion page I feel a tag should be added if kept. Kappa 06:42, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
USCGC Storis

USCGC Storis (WAGL-38/WAG-38/WAGB-38/WMEC-38) was a light icebreaker and medium endurance cutter which served in the United States Coast Guard for 64 years and 5 months, making her the oldest vessel in commission with the Coast Guard fleet at the time of her decommissioning.

World War II
The ship was laid down by the Toledo Shipbuilding Company of Toledo, Ohio, on 14 July 1941. Storis was launched on 4 April 1942 and commissioned on 30 September 1942 as an ice patrol tender. Initially assigned to the North Atlantic during World War II, Storis participated in the Greenland Patrols. She was tasked with patrolling the east coast of Greenland to prevent the establishment of German weather stations. During her first years, Storis operated in the very waters from which her name was derived. Originally to be named Eskimo, the U.S. Department of State objected to the name of the new cutter on the basis that the natives of Greenland would be offended by the name. "Storis" is a Scandinavian word meaning "great ice."

On 10 June 1943, she began escorting convoy GS-24 from Narsarssuak to St. John's, Newfoundland, in company with the USCGC Mojave (flag), USCGC Tampa, USCGC Escanaba, and USCGC Algonquin, the convoy consisting of USAT Fairfax and USS Raritan (WYT-93). At 0510 on the 13th, dense black and yellow smoke was reported rising from the Escanaba. She sank at 0513. Storis and Raritan were ordered to investigate and rescue survivors while the rest of the convoy began zigzagging and steering evasive courses to avoid submarines. At 0715 the two cutters returned, having rescued 2 survivors and found the body of Lt. Robert H. Prause, which was on the Raritan. No explosion had been heard by the other escort vessels. The entire crew of 103 of the Escanaba was lost with the exception of these two men.

Post World War II career
Following the war, the homeport of Storis was changed from Boston to Curtis Bay, Maryland. On 15 September 1948, Storis was reassigned to Juneau, Alaska where she participated in the Bering Sea Patrol, which entailed delivering medical, dental and judicial services to isolated native villages in the far reaches of the territory. At the same time, Storis assisted in establishing Alaskan LORAN radio-navigation stations, provided supplies for the Distant Early Warning Line and conducted hydrographic surveys in the uncharted waters off the Arctic.

On 1 July 1957, Storis departed in company with the Coast Guard Cutters USCGC Bramble and USCGC Spar to search for a deep draft channel through the Arctic Ocean and to collect hydrographic information. Shortly after her return in late 1957, the Storis was reassigned to her new homeport of Kodiak, Alaska.

In 1972, Storis underwent a major renovation converting her from a light icebreaker to a medium endurance cutter. With the change in designation, there also came a change in primary duties. The primary functions of Storis shifted to enforcing laws and treaties of the domestic and foreign fisheries in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska. Storis underwent another major maintenance overhaul in 1986 that replaced her power plant and expanded her living quarters to include a new berthing area for women and a lounge for the crew.

Media
Storis participated in the rescue of the fishing vessel Alaskan Monarch, off Saint Paul Island, in March 1990. Video of this incident often appears on TV shows such as Deadliest Catch, to illustrate the dangers of working in Bering Sea waters. Storis also had a cameo in the 2006 film The Guardian.

Decommissioning
Storis was decommissioned in a ceremony in Kodiak on 8 February 2007. The cutter then sailed to Alameda, California, where it was made ready for its immediate destination as part of the "Mothball Fleet" at Suisun Bay.

In July 2012 the nomination of the Storis for listing on the National Register of Historic Places was accepted by the State of California. It was formally listed on the Register on 31 December 2012.

On 12 June 2013 the Storis was put up for public auction by the General Services Administration with a starting bid of US$60,000 after an unforeseen "procedural difficulty" ended negotiations with the Storis Museum. However the auction failed to reach its reserve price when the auction closed on 27 June 2013. The Storis was towed on 25 October 2013 from California to Mexico where the ship was scheduled to be scrapped.

Awards

 * Coast Guard Presidential Unit Citation with Hurricane Device
 * Secretary of Transportation Outstanding Unit Award
 * Coast Guard Unit Commendation (8 awards)
 * Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation (7 awards)
 * Coast Guard E Ribbon (11 awards)
 * Coast Guard Bicentennial Unit Commendation
 * American Campaign Medal
 * European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with one battle star
 * World War II Victory Medal
 * National Defense Service Medal with three service stars
 * Coast Guard Arctic Service Medal (8 awards)
 * Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
 * Humanitarian Service Medal
 * Special Operations Service Ribbon

title: USCGC Storis