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Devolved English parliament

A devolved English parliament is a proposed institution that would give separate decision-making powers to representatives for voters in England, similar to the representation given by the Senedd (Welsh Parliament), the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. A devolved English parliament is an issue in the politics of the United Kingdom.

Public opinion surveys have resulted in widely differing conclusions on public support for the establishment of a devolved English parliament.

Background
The future prospects of a devolved English Parliament have been raised in relation to the West Lothian question, which came to the fore after devolutionary changes to British parliaments. Before 1998, all political issues, even when only concerning parts of the United Kingdom, were decided by the British Parliament at Westminster. After separate regional parliaments or assemblies were introduced in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland in 1998, issues concerning only these parts of the United Kingdom were often decided by the respective devolved assemblies, while purely English issues were decided by the entire British Parliament, with MPs from Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland fully participating in debating and voting. The establishment of a devolved English parliament, giving separate decision-making powers to representatives for voters in England, has thus become an issue in British politics.

The political parties which are campaigning for an English Parliament are the English Democrats, and the UK Independence Party (UKIP). Since 1997, the Campaign for an English Parliament (CEP) has been campaigning for a referendum on an English Parliament. Despite institutional opposition in Westminster to a Parliament for England, the CEP has had some success in bringing the issue to people's attention, particularly in political and academic circles.

During general elections, all of the single-member constituencies (seats) that constitute the UK Parliament are subject to separate, simultaneous contests, between several candidates. While these constituencies span the entire UK geographically, because of the way that the population of the UK is distributed – i. e. the population of England is greater than that of Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales combined – the 533 MPs from English constituencies represent a majority within the House of Commons. Nevertheless, there are often occasions when the votes of MPs from non-English constituencies have proved to be decisive with regard to England-specific legislation (regarding matters that are devolved outside England). (Examples of this phenomenon since devolution include issues with such as foundation hospitals, top-up fees and runways at Heathrow.) To a limited extent, the Scotland Act 1998 has reduced the potential for non-English MPs to form decisive regional blocs – that is, Section 81 of the Act abolished the previous system of apportionment, under which Scottish constituencies required a smaller electoral quota and Scotland was over-represented, relative to the other components of the UK; England now provides more MPs per capita than Scotland.

Surveys of public opinion on the establishment of an English parliament have given widely varying conclusions. In the first five years of devolution for Scotland and Wales, support in England for the establishment of an English parliament was low at between 16 and 19 per cent, according to successive British Social Attitudes Surveys. A report, also based on the British Social Attitudes Survey, published in December 2010 suggests that only 29 per cent of people in England support the establishment of an English parliament, though this figure had risen from 17 per cent in 2007. One 2007 poll carried out for BBC Newsnight, however, found that 61 per cent would support such a parliament being established.

In January 2012 Simon Hughes, the deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats, supported calls for a devolved English parliament. While the Conservatives were in government from 2010 to 2015 in coalition with the Liberal Democrats, the coalition government approved the creation of the McKay Commission to look into the question. The Commission proposed that bills in the House of Commons which affected England solely or differently should require a majority vote of MPs representing English constituencies, a system known as English votes for English laws (EVEL).

The Labour Party opposed the idea, arguing that this creates two classes of MPs in the House of Commons, and that a regional approach should be taken, in the form of regional English devolution. However, in July 2015, then Shadow Secretary of State for Business, Chuka Umunna, suggested that the Labour Party should support the creation of a separate English parliament as part of a federal United Kingdom. He also called for a federal structure to the Labour Party with the creation of a distinct English Labour Party.

The Conservative Party manifesto for the 2015 general election included a proposal that England-only legislation should require approval from a Legislative Grand Committee prior to its Third Reading in the House of Commons. Having won a majority in that election, the Conservative government used a change in standing orders in October 2015 to give MPs representing English constituencies a "veto" over laws only affecting England. EVEL was scrapped in July 2021.

In October 2021, a poll by Public First found that 62% of English voters would vote for an English Parliament. Furthermore, an even bigger majority of 'English identifiers' – 72% – want laws that only apply in England to be made by MPs elected in England, whilst 64% of all English voters, including 'British identifiers', thought the same.

Campaigning
Several groups are working to raise this issue of a devolved English parliament, including the Campaign for an English Parliament and the English Constitutional Convention. The English Democrats also support the creation of an English parliament. Electoral support for English nationalist parties is low, however, even though there is public support for many of the policies they espouse. The English Democrats gained just 64,826 votes in the 2010 UK general election, accounting for 0.3 per cent of all votes cast in England.

Public opinion
A 2007 poll of 1,953 people throughout Great Britain carried out for BBC Newsnight, found 61 per cent support among the English for a parliament of their own, with 51 per cent of Scots and 48 per cent of Welsh people favouring the same. An earlier ICM poll of 869 English people in November 2006 produced a slightly higher majority of 68 per cent backing the establishment of such a body.

A 2014 poll by Cardiff and Edinburgh universities found that 54% of English people surveyed agreed with a devolved parliament, while 20% neither agreed nor disagreed, 15% disagreed, and 10% were undecided.

Opinion polls
Polling data for English devolution, English votes for English laws and independence may be found in the table below.

Note: Responses with the plurality of the vote are outlined in bold and are coloured in, those with at least 50% of the vote have more saturated colours.

British Social Attitudes research
The British Social Attitudes surveys have collated data on the question of English devolution since 1999, it has given participants three options.

Note: Responses with the plurality of the vote are outlined in bold and are coloured in, those with at least 50% of the vote have more saturated colours.

title: Devolved English parliament


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Carrie Nuttall

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 16:05, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

Carrie Nuttall
Carrie Nuttall is a photographer who works primarily in the music industry. Does this alone make her notable and worthy of inclusion on Wikipedia? Does the added fact that she is married to the drummer of the progressive rock band Rush make a difference? Are wives of rock band members who take photographs as a profession inherently notable? If so, why? GRider\talk 20:12, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as a photographer, she's notable enough to have published a book. I don't think being married makes a difference, but lots of photographers are notable by themselves.  Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  20:41, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but with reservations. Article needs expansion. Megan1967 23:42, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The article should definitely be expanded though. Neil Peart is sufficiently noteworthy that his wife warrants discussing merely by association with him.  He isn't just any "rock band member".  The fact that she's an artist in her own right as well (and a pretty good one too as far as I can tell) is a bonus.
 * Keep going by others' assertions of notability. If it was just by the article, I'd say ideally but non-urgently "merge" with the drummer's article. Kappa 02:19, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * According to Amazon.com, she has only published the one book. It has a respectable but not exceptional sales ranking of 26,036.  A review of the google hits confirms that she is a photographer but gives little indication of her skill or renown (ignoring the fluff pieces by her publisher).  Unless other evidence can be presented of her independent notability, I am inclined to merge and redirect.  Again, if this were a new article, I'd give it the benefit of the doubt.  The fact that it has had no new content since June 2004 argues that there may not be additional content to add.  Rossami (talk) 07:35, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - David Gerard
 * Delete. In the article on Rush, write "Neil Peart is married to Carrie Nuttall, a published photographer".

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Cinema 16

Cinema 16 was a New York City–based film society founded by Amos Vogel. From 1947 to 1963, he and his wife, Marcia, ran the most successful and influential membership film society in North American history, at its height boasting 7000 members.

History
Vogel was inspired by Maya Deren's independent exhibitions. Deren exhibited and presented lectures on her films across the United States, Cuba and Canada. In 1946, she booked the Provincetown Playhouse in Greenwich Village for a public exhibition titled Three Abandoned Films, which consisted of showings of Meshes of the Afternoon, At Land, and A Study in Choreography for the Camera. Deren took the word "abandoned" to refer to Paul Valéry's observation that a work of art is never completed, just abandoned. While the title was ironic, the exhibition was successful.

Cinema 16 closed in 1963, after 17 years in operation. In that year Amos went on to programme the New York Film Festival. Grove Press acquired Cinema 16 in 1966.

Programming
The movies shown at Cinema 16 consisted mostly of the experimental film that began flourishing after World War II, as well as nonfiction films – not only documentaries, but educational films as well. In that, it differed even from the narrative-oriented art cinemas that appeared in the postwar years.

Filmmakers exhibited

 * Jonas Mekas
 * Maya Deren
 * Gregory Markopoulos
 * Ron Peterson
 * Carmen D'Avino (one of his films, the 1963 Oscar-nominated animated short Pianissimo, was distributed by Cinema 16)
 * Stan Brakhage
 * Shirley Clarke
 * Bruce Conner
 * Joseph Cornell
 * Brian De Palma
 * Georges Franju
 * Richard Lester
 * Nagisa Oshima
 * Yasujiro Ozu
 * Roman Polanski
 * Alain Resnais
 * Jacques Rivette
 * Carlos Saura
 * François Truffaut
 * Agnès Varda
 * John Cassavetes

title: Cinema 16


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Alte Pinakothek

The Alte Pinakothek (, Old Pinakothek) is an art museum located in the Kunstareal area in Munich, Germany. It is one of the oldest galleries in the world and houses a significant collection of Old Master paintings. The name Alte (Old) Pinakothek refers to the time period covered by the collection—from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century. The Neue Pinakothek, re-built in 1981, covers nineteenth-century art, and Pinakothek der Moderne, opened in 2002, exhibits modern art. All three galleries are part of the Bavarian State Painting Collections, an organization of the Free state of Bavaria.

The building
King Ludwig I of Bavaria ordered Leo von Klenze to erect a new building for the gallery for the Wittelsbach collection in 1826. The Alte Pinakothek was the largest museum in the world and structurally and conceptually well advanced through the convenient accommodation of skylights for the cabinets. Even the Neo-Renaissance exterior of the Pinakothek clearly stands out from the castle-like museum type common in the early 19th century. It is closely associated with the function and structure of the building as a museum. Very modern in its day, the building became exemplary for museum buildings in Germany and in Europe after its inauguration in 1836, and thus became a model for new galleries like the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, and galleries in Rome, Brussels and Kassel.

The museum building was severely damaged by bombing in World War II but was reconstructed and reopened to the public on 7 June 1957, with President Theodor Heuss attending. Director Ernst Buckner oversaw the rebuilding project, ensuring that the building remained true to its original architecture. The ornate, pre-war interior, including the large loggia facing the south façade in the upper floor, was not restored. A new wall covering was created in 2008 for the rooms on the upper floor of the Alte Pinakothek with a woven and dyed silk from Lyon. The new color scheme of green and red draws on the design of the rooms dating back to the time of construction of the Alte Pinakothek, and was predominant until the 20th century. Already for King Ludwig I and his architect Leo von Klenze, the use of a wall covering alternately in red and green represented the continuation of a tradition that dates back to the exhibition of the old masters of the late 16th century in many of the major art galleries of Europe (Florence, London, Madrid, St. Petersburg, Paris, Vienna).

History
The Wittelsbach collection was begun by Duke Wilhelm IV (1508–1550) who ordered important contemporary painters to create several history paintings, including The Battle of Alexander at Issus of Albrecht Altdorfer. Elector Maximilian I (1597–1651) commissioned in 1616 four hunt paintings from Peter Paul Rubens and acquired many other paintings, especially the work of Albrecht Dürer. He even obtained The Four Apostles in the year 1627 due to pressure on the Nuremberg city fathers. A few years later however 21 paintings were confiscated and moved to Sweden during the occupation of Munich in the Thirty Years war. Maximilian's grandson Maximilian II Emanuel (1679–1726) purchased a large number of Dutch and Flemish paintings when he was Governor of the Spanish Netherlands. So he bought for example in 1698 in Antwerp from Gisbert van Colen 12 pictures of Peter Paul Rubens and 13 of Van Dyck, with the pictures of Rubens from the personal estate of the artist which were therefore not intended for sale. Under Max Emanuel's successors, the purchases were largely discontinued due to the tight budget.

Also Max Emanuel's cousin Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (1690–1716) collected Netherlandish paintings. He ordered from Peter Paul Rubens The Big Last Judgment and received Raphael's Canigiani Holy Family as a dowry of his wife. Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria (1742–1799) had a strong preference for Netherlandish paintings as well, among other paintings he acquired Rembrandt's The Holy Family. By the late 18th century a large number of the paintings were displayed in Schleissheim Palace, and accessible to the public.

After the reunion of Bavaria and the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1777, the galleries of Mannheim, Düsseldorf and Zweibrücken were moved to Munich, in part to protect the collections during the wars which followed the French revolution. Even though 72 paintings including The Battle of Alexander at Issus were taken to Paris in 1800 by the invading armies of Napoleon I (1769–1821), who was a noted admirer of Alexander the Great. The Louvre held it until 1804, when Napoleon declared himself Emperor of France and took it for his own use. When the Prussians captured the Château de Saint-Cloud in 1814 as part of the War of the Sixth Coalition, they supposedly found the painting hanging in Napoleon's bathroom. Most of the paintings have not been returned.

With the secularisation many paintings from churches and former monasteries entered into state hands. King Ludwig I of Bavaria collected especially Early German and Early Dutch paintings but also masterpieces of the Italian renaissance. In 1827 he acquired the collection Boisserée with 216 Old German and Old Dutch masters; in 1828, the king managed to also purchase the collection of the Prince Wallerstein, with 219 Upper German and Upper Swabian paintings. In 1838 Johann Georg von Dillis issued the first catalogue.

After the times of King Ludwig I the acquisitions almost ended. Only from 1875 the directors Franz von Reber and Hugo von Tschudi secured important new acquisitions, such as the Madonna of the Carnation of Leonardo da Vinci and The Disrobing of Christ of El Greco.

The predilection of the Wittelsbach rulers for some painters made the collection quite strong in those areas but neglected others. Since the 1960s the Pinakothek has filled some of these gaps: for example, a deficit of 18th-century paintings was addressed by the integration into the collection of works loaned from two Bavarian banks. Among these paintings were Nicolas Lancret's The Bird Cage and François Boucher's Madame Pompadour.

In April 1988, the serial vandal Hans-Joachim Bohlmann splashed acid on three paintings by Albrecht Dürer, namely Lamentation for Christ, Paumgartner Altar and Mater Dolarosa inflicting damage estimated at 35 million euros. In 1990 Dierick Bouts' Ecce agnus dei was acquired.

On 5 August 2014, the museum rejected a request by a descendant of the banker Carl Hagen for the repatriation of Jacob Ochtervelt's Das Zitronenscheibchen (The Lemon Slice) on the grounds that it had been unlawfully acquired as a result of Nazi persecution. An investigation by the museum established that it had been lawfully purchased at the time for a fair price and that the Hagen family's interest extended only to a security on the painting.

Collection

The museum is under the supervision of the Bavarian State Painting Collections which also owns an expanded collection of several thousand European paintings from the 13th to 18th centuries. Especially its collection of Early Italian, Old German, Old Dutch and Flemish paintings is one of the most important in the world.

More than 800 of these paintings are exhibited at the Old Pinakothek. Due to limited space in the building, some associated galleries throughout Bavaria such as the baroque galleries in Schleissheim Palace and Neuburg Palace additionally have works by the Old Masters on display. From 2014 through 2017, wings of the museum were sequentially closed for renovation, and the artworks in closed sections were unavailable for viewing.

 * German paintings 14th–17th century:
 * The Alte Pinakothek comes with the most comprehensive collection of German Old Masters worldwide. Among many others, the Pinakothek shows works of Stefan Lochner (Adoration of the Christ Child by the Virgin (The Nativity)), Michael Pacher (Altarpiece of the Church Fathers), Martin Schongauer (Holy Family), Albrecht Dürer (The Four Apostles, Paumgartner Altar, Self-Portrait), Hans Baldung Grien (Margrave Christoph of Baden), Albrecht Altdorfer (The Battle of Issus), Cranach (Lamentation Beneath the Cross), Holbein (St. Sebastian Altar; Central panel: Martyrdom of St. Sebastian), Matthias Grünewald (SS. Erasmus und Maurice), Hans von Aachen (The Triumph of Truth), Adam Elsheimer (The Flight into Egypt), and Johann Liss (Death of Cleopatra).

 * Early Netherlandish paintings 15th–16th century:
 * One of the most impressive collections worldwide especially for Early Netherlandish paintings with masterpieces like Vera Icon (van Eyck) and other exceptional paintings for example of Rogier van der Weyden (Saint Columba altarpiece), Dieric Bouts (Ecce Agnus Dei), Lucas van Leyden (Virgin and Child with Mary Magdalen and a Donor), Hieronymus Bosch (Fragment from the Last Judgment), Hans Memling (The Seven Joys of the Virgin), and Jan Gossaert, aka. Mabuse (Danae).

 * Dutch paintings 17th–18th century:
 * Due to the passion of the Wittelsbach rulers this section contains numerous exquisite paintings. Among the masters are Rembrandt van Rijn (The Descent from the Cross, The Holy Family), Frans Hals (Portrait of Willem Croes), Pieter Lastman (Odysseus and Nausikaa), Carel Fabritius (Self-Portrait), Gerard Terborch (The Flea-Catcher (Boy with His Dog)), Jacob van Ruisdael (Torrent with Oak Trees) and many others.

 * Flemish paintings 16th–18th century:
 * The collection contains masterpieces of painters like Jan Mabuse (Danae), Pieter Brueghel the Elder (Harbour Scene with Christ Preaching, The Land of Cockaigne), Jan Brueghel the Elder (Harbour Scene with Christ Preaching), Peter Paul Rubens (Rubens and Isabella Brant in the Honeysuckle Bower, The Fall of the Damned, The Great Last Judgement), van Dyck (Deposition, Self-Portrait, Susanna and the Elders), Jacob Jordaens (Satyr with Peasants) and Adriaen Brouwer (Village Barbar's Shop).

 * The Rubens Collection with 72 paintings the largest permanent one worldwide.

 * Italian paintings 13th–18th century:
 * The Italian Gothic paintings are the oldest of the gallery, among them Giotto's famous The Last Supper, then all Schools of Italian Renaissance and Baroque Painting are represented with works of Fra Angelico (Entombment of Christ), Domenico Ghirlandaio (Virgin and Child with SS. Dominici, Michael, John the Baptist and John the Evangelist), Sandro Botticelli (Lamentation over the Dead Christ), Fra Filippo Lippi (The Annunciation), Lorenzo Lotto (The Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine), Raphael (The Canigiani Holy Family, Madonna della tenda, Madonna Tempi), Leonardo da Vinci (Madonna of the Carnation), Antonello da Messina (Annunciata), Titian (Vanity, Charles V), Tintoretto (Christ in the House of Mary and Martha), Paolo Veronese (Amor with two dogs), Guido Reni (The Assumption of the Virgin), Luca Giordano (A Cynical Philosopher), Tiepolo (The Adoration of the Kings), Francesco Guardi (Regatta on the Canale della Guidecca), Canaletto (Piazetta in Venice) and others.

 * French paintings 16th–18th century:
 * In spite of the close relationship of the Wittelsbachs to France it is the second smallest section with works, for example, of Claude Lorrain (The Expulsion of Hagar), Nicolas Poussin (Midas and Bacchus), François Boucher (Madame de Pompadour, Reclining Girl), Nicolas Lancret (The Bird Cage), Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin (Woman Cleaning Turnips), Maurice-Quentin de la Tour (Mademoiselle Ferrand Meditating on Newton), Claude Joseph Vernet (Eastern Harbour at Dawn) and Jean-Honoré Fragonard (Girl with Dog).

 * Spanish paintings, 16th–18th century:
 * Though this is the smallest section, all major masters are represented, such as El Greco (The Disrobing of Christ), de la Cruz (Infant Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain), Velázquez (Young Spanish Gentleman), Jusepe de Ribera (Saint Bartholomew), Francisco de Zurbarán (The Entombment of St. Catharine of Alexandria on Mount Sinai, St. Francis in Ecstasy), and Murillo (Beggar Boys Eating Grapes and Melon). The paintings of Francisco de Goya were moved into the New Pinakothek.

title: Alte Pinakothek


text: User talk:209.184.226.126

title: User talk:209.184.226.126


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Supreme People's Procuratorate

The Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China (SPP; ) is the highest national agency responsible for legal prosecution and prosecutorial investigation in China. The SPP reports to the National People's Congress (NPC).

Under the state's Organic Law, the primary function of the SPP is to suppress illegal activities, particularly those which undermine the interests of the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The Procuratorate acts as a public prosecutor for criminal cases, conducting both the relevant investigations and prosecutions of such cases. The agency also reviews the legal rulings of the local and special procuratorates, the lower people's courts, and issues judicial interpretations. The SPP does not have judicial independence or authority beyond what is granted to it by the NPC under the state's system of unitary power.

Conceived initially in 1949 as the Supreme People's Prosecutor's Office, the agency was renamed the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 1954. The Procuratorate was abolished during the Cultural Revolution, before being re-instated in 1978. Between the 1990s to 2010s, the agency experienced a host of reforms pertaining to its selection of personnel, internal organization and role in the management of corruption.

Beginning in March 2018, the Supreme People's Procuratorate no longer undertakes the initial investigation of corruption cases by government officials; this task is undertaken by the newly formed National Supervisory Commission.

The Supreme People's Procuratorate is organized into ten specialized prosecutor's offices, which operate under the direction of a Procuratorial Committee. Led by a Prosecutor-General, the Procuratorate is also composed of several Deputy Prosecutors-General and additional prosecutors. The Prosecutor-General is appointed by the NPC, which also elects the other members of the Supreme People's Procuratorate at the Prosecutor-General's recommendation. The current Prosecutor-General of the People's Republic of China is Ying Yong.

Origins
The most rudimentary version of the Supreme People's Procuratorate was established in September 1949 with the promulgation of the Organic Law of the Central People's Government. Initially titled the "People's Prosecutor-General's Office", the Supreme People's Procuratorate was the first national agency tasked with the supervision of the law in the newly founded People's Republic of China.

The responsibilities of the initial Procuratorate were formalized in the 1951 Statutes. As described by academics Ginsburgs and Stahnke, the agency's powers encompassed:

 * Overseeing the abidance of the law by all individuals, public organizations and state agencies;
 * The investigation of individuals who breach the law or state interests;
 * The ability to reject judgements made by lower judicial bodies;
 * The supervision of legal abidance in the nation-wide prison system;
 * The ability to review and reopen cases dropped by lower procuratorates when petitioned;
 * Serving as a legal representative for the Party's interests in civil and administrative lawsuits.

Alongside these functions, the Procuratorate was able to prosecute anyone deemed suspicious and warranting investigation and could request information from other state organs to assist with the prosecutorial process. The Procuratorate also had the ability to establish an office in each local government area to supervise and lead the judicial system in the locality. However, the Procuratorate was largely inactive following its inception. This changed in 1953 when investigation departments within the body were created.

Rise and early years
In 1954, the People's Prosecutor-General's Office was renamed the "Supreme People's Procuratorate" at the first session of the First National People's Congress. The new Procuratorate was formally enacted in the 1954 State Constitution subsequently adopted by the Congress, retaining its legal supervisory role. The jurisdiction of the Procuratorate was established as encompassing all government bodies, public functionaries and citizens of China, except the Central People's Government, which oversaw the agency's operation.

Cultural Revolution
During the Cultural Revolution of 1966 – 1976, the people's procuratorates lost favor as they were perceived as an interference to the ideology of the Chinese Communist Party. Reflecting this sentiment, the Supreme People's Procuratorate was abolished from the 1975 State Constitution alongside all other procuratorates. Following its dissolution, the Procuratorate's powers of legal supervision over the state and individuals were transferred to the police. The Supreme People's Procuratorate was subsequently re-established in 1978 via the reinstatement of the Organic Law of the People's Procuratorates in the 1978 State Constitution. Its renewal served as a mechanism for the Party to oversee and prevent misconduct within the administration.

In 1980, the Supreme People's Procuratorate established a Special Procuratorate to investigate and prosecute the Lin Biao and Jiang Qing "counter-revolutionary cliques." In a trial led by the serving Prosecutor-General Huang Huoqing, the defendants were found guilty of plotting a coup to overthrow the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party during the Cultural Revolution.

Development and reform
In the 1990s, major reforms were made to the Chinese judicial system, including the people's courts and procuratorates. These changes occurred primarily in response to the economic reform of China as a socialist market economy, a development instigated by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992. In 1995, the Procurator's Law was introduced to "professionalize the judicial personnel" by raising the stringency of the requirements used to select procurators and other procuratorate personnel. Emphasis was placed on the selection of prosecutors and personnel based on merit, performance and experience in legal practice.

Further reform of the Procuratorate accompanied the adoption of the "Implementing Opinions of the Three-Year Procuratorial Reform" in January 2000. This reform affirmed the hierarchy of the procuratorates and formalised the role of the higher procuratorates supervising and directing procuratorates located beneath them. Alongside the reform, a new training program for procurators was introduced from 2001–2005 to manage workforce performance within the Procuratorate.

In December 2018, major alterations were made to the internal organization of the Supreme People's Procuratorate through the restructuring of existing departments and the establishment of ten new prosecutor's offices. Four of these offices were established to handle the prosecution of various types of criminal cases. The remaining six departments oversee "civil, administrative, public interest and juvenile cases, complaints handling, and investigation into duty crimes committed by judicial personnel," respectively, as reported by Xinhua News Agency, China's official state-run media agency.

In November 2020, the Intellectual Property Prosecution Office of the Supreme People's Procuratorate was established to handle the investigation and prosecution of intellectual property rights infringements.

Anti-corruption enforcement
In 1979, the Supreme People's Procuratorate began its involvement in the investigation and prosecution of corruption by establishing a specialized department to investigate economic crimes. Further pressure from student activists and Party members alike in the early 1990s led to the people's procuratorates developing more stringent protocols to manage corruption. Anti-corruption enforcement by the Supreme People's Procuratorate's grew in 1995 with the introduction of three new departments to manage corruption: the Anti-Corruption and Bribery Bureau, the Corruption Prevention Department, and the Anti-Dereliction of Duty and Infringement of Citizens’ Rights Department. However, the Procuratorate's supervision of corruption was later streamlined by legislation from the National People's Congress in late 2014, which resulted in the amalgamation of the agency's three anti-corruption departments into a single anti-corruption authority.

The management of corruption by the Chinese Communist Party was broadly transformed in 2018. At the March meeting of the 13th National People's Congress, a new anti-corruption agency titled the National Supervisory Commission was formally installed to consolidate the various anti-corruption authorities which existed under the Party, including those of the Procuratorate. The Supreme People's Procuratorate role in anti-corruption enforcement was largely rescinded, with all these responsibilities directly transferred to the new National Supervisory Commission. The Procuratorate's anti-corruption personnel saw a similar transition.

Powers and jurisdiction
The Supreme People's Procuratorate serves as the highest prosecutorial power in the People's Republic of China, overseeing the nation's local and special procuratorates. As determined by the Organic Law, the primary function of the Procuratorate is to suppress illegal activities, particularly those which undermine the interests of China's ruling party, the Chinese Communist Party.

The jurisdiction of the Procuratorate encompasses all cases related to criminal law, public and state security, people's courts, prisons, detention centers and labour institutions within the People's Republic of China. The agency does not oversee the prosecution of cases from the special administrative regions of Hong Kong or Macau, except those that are investigated by the Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR.

As specified in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the Supreme People's Procuratorate nominally exerts its powers independently, without interference from "any administrative organ, social organization or individual." However, like the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate must report to the National People's Congress, the highest state body in China.

Prosecution and litigation
The Supreme People's Procuratorate acts as a public prosecutor by handling both the investigation and prosecution of criminal cases in court, thus functioning as a civil law inquisitorial system. Such systems are also seen in Japan and socialist legal systems. Within the Procuratorate, criminal prosecution is overseen by four specialized departments that oversee "regular crimes, serious crimes, duty crimes, and new-type crimes," respectively. The agency reviews and arbitrates on which criminal suspects should be investigated and which criminal cases should be taken to a public prosecution. It may also initiate public interest litigation.

Legal supervision
The Supreme People's Procuratorate conducts reviews of rulings and investigations performed by local and special procuratorates. Additionally, for all types of cases, the Procuratorate may protest any rulings of the lower people's courts that it deems inappropriate or flawed by lodging a formal appeal with the Supreme People's Court. For civil and administrative cases, including intellectual property cases, this intervention mainly occurs after the court has handed down a legally binding and enforceable decision. The Procuratorate may act in this manner by choice or when petitioned by a litigant involved in a given case.

Judicial interpretations
The Procuratorate, either independently or in conjunction with the Supreme People's Court, may also issue judicial interpretations, which are official and legally binding interpretations of the law. These interpretations may serve as "replies" to individual cases, reminiscent of Roman law, or apply more broadly. Despite theoretically possessing less legal authority than the law, academics C.H. van Rhee and Yulin Fu perceive the Procuratorate's judicial interpretations as being "almost as effective as law" in court.

Supervision of the state
Between the 1980s to the early 2010s, the Supreme People's Procuratorate investigated and prosecuted corruption and bribery through its anti-corruption departments. The Supreme People's Procuratorate also assisted the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection with the prosecution of party members relegated to a form of extralegal detention known as Shuanggui. Shuanggui is a procedure used to extract evidence and confessions from CCP members under investigation. Material obtained using Shuanggui was passed onto the Procuratorate and used in the prosecution of party members.

As of March 2018, the Supreme People's Procuratorate no longer performs these responsibilities. These powers have instead been assumed by the National Supervisory Commission, which campaigns against corruption in conjunction with the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection – the anti-graft agency of the Chinese Communist Party. Some academics prompted that these changes have reduced the overall power of the Procuratorate.

Organisation
The Supreme People's Procuratorate is led by a Procuratorial Committee, which oversees the operation of the Procuratorate under the direction of the Prosecutor-General. The agency is further organised into ten prosecutor's offices, which each oversee a specific type of crime or litigation. Various additional departments, such as the Political Work Department, also exist within the Procuratorate, to oversee additional affairs. Several subordinate institutions are also directly affiliated with the Procuratorate.

The organisation of the Supreme People's Procuratorate is detailed below:

Executive bodies

 * Procuratorial Committee of the Supreme People's Procuratorate
 * Office of the Prosecutor General

Internal departments
• General Affairs Office (Press Office)

• The First Prosecutor's Office (Regular Crime Prosecutor's Office)

• The Second Prosecutor's Office (Serious Crime Prosecutor's Office)

• The Third Prosecutor's Office (Occupational Crime Prosecutor's Office)

• The Fourth Prosecutor's Office (Economic Crime Prosecutor's Office)

• Fifth Prosecutor's Office (Judicial Personnel Crime Prosecutor's Office)

• Sixth Prosecutor's Office (Civil Prosecutor's Office)

• Seventh Prosecutors' Office (Administrative Prosecutors' Office)

• The Eighth Prosecutor's Office (Public Interest Litigation Prosecutor's Office)

• The Ninth Procuratorate (Juvenile Case Prosecutor's Office)

• Tenth Prosecutor's Office (Complaint and Appeal Prosecutor's Office)

• Legal Policy Research Office

• International Cooperation Bureau

• Political Work Department

• Planning, Financial and Equipment Bureau

• Investigation Supervision Department

• Reporting and Charges Center

• Bureau of Retired Officers

• Intellectual Property Prosecution Office

Subordinate institutions

 * Supreme People's Procuratorate Service Center
 * The Procuratorate Daily (newspaper)
 * China Procuratorate Publishing House
 * Procuratorate Technology Information Research Center
 * Procuratorate Theory Research Institute
 * State Procurators College

Prosecutor-General
The Supreme People's Procuratorate is led by a Prosecutor-General, who serves as the Chief Grand Prosecutor and President of the Procuratorate. The office of the Prosecutor-General serves a five-year term, corresponding with the term length of the National People's Congress. Each Prosecutor-General may serve a maximum of two terms.

The Prosecutor-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate is elected by the National People's Congress, in accordance with the Procurators Law of the People's Republic of China. The National People's Congress also carries the executive ability to remove a serving Prosecutor-General from power. The current serving Prosecutor-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate is Zhang Jun. Zhang was elected to the position of Prosecutor-General in March 2018 at the first session of the 13th National People's Congress.

Other members of the Procuratorate
In addition to the Prosecutor-General, the Supreme People's Procuratorate is also composed of multiple Deputy Prosecutors-General, members of the Procuratorial Committee and additional procurators. All other members of the Procuratorate are appointed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress at the Prosecutor-General's recommendation. Likewise, members may be removed from the Procuratorate at the will of the People's Congress and the Prosecutor-General. The current Deputy Prosecutors-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate are Tong Jianming, Sun Qian, Zhang Xueqiao, Chen Guoqing and Yang Chunlei.

List of Prosecutors-General
Prosecutor-General of the Supreme People's Prosecutor's Office of the Central People's Government Prosecutor-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China
 * Luo Ronghuan (罗荣桓), October 1949 – October 1954
 * Zhang Dingcheng (张鼎丞), 25 September 1954 – 21 January 1976
 * Huang Huoqing (黄火青), 21 March 1978 – 23 March 1983
 * Yang Yichen (杨易辰), 23 March 1983 – 31 March 1988
 * Liu Fuzhi (刘复之), 2 April 1988 – 14 March 1993
 * Zhang Siqing (张思卿), 14 March 1993 – 15 March 1998
 * Han Zhubin (韩杼滨), 15 March 1998 – 19 September 2004
 * Jia Chunwang (贾春旺), 19 September 2004 – 16 March 2008
 * Cao Jianming (曹建明), 16 March 2008 – 17 March 2018
 * Zhang Jun (张军), 17 March 2018 – 11 March 2023
 * Ying Yong (应勇), since 11 March 2023

title: Supreme People's Procuratorate


text:
Talk:Close Quarters Battle Receiver

Manufacture
FWIW: NSWC-Crane has shopped out orders for complete CQBR and uppers to Colt. I believe that I've mentioned this to you before in the thread at Militaryphotos.com. --D.E. Watters

Ammunition ?
There is no piece of information about the CQBR ammunition : is it 62-grain SS109 (US M-855) or 77-grain Mk.262 Mod 0/1 widely used by Special Forces ? (and is it possible to use 6.8mm Remington SPC ?
 * OK I have seen the main page ; thanks !

I removed the bit about using Mk262Mod1 -- aside from heavier (additional stopping power), I can't understand why a match round would be used in a dedicated CQC firearm -- and naturally the 262Mod0 is unacceptable due to the lack of cannelure.

 * Please don't remove unless you have evidence otherwise. The Mk 262 cartridge is indeed used for the reasons D.E. Watters stated. Look at the Ammo Oracle. Black Rifle II on p. 118 also states:

As of this writing a large percentage of the 5.56 ammunition being utilized by SOCOM in their M4/M4A1 carbines, CQB carbines as well as their Mk 12 Mod 0 and Mod 1s in Afghanistan and Iraq consists of Mk 262 Mod 0 cartridges.
 * Pettifogger 03:43, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

It is possible to modify the gun to use the 6.8mmSPC catridge, would require basically a whole new addon upper and modified magazines -- it wouldn't exactly be an Mk18 anymore. The other issue that would face should likely is the added impulse of the 6.8 -- fully automatic fire would be difficult to control, and potentially undesirable on missions such as VBSS 02:31, 2 March 2006 (UTC)TehLlama

Mk 262 Mod 1 has a lower threshold velocity for reliable fragmentation than does M855 Ball. The CQBR's short barrel length cuts velocity enough that M855 has a very limited range before fragmentation ceases. The use of Mk 262 Mod 1 in the CQBR allows for fragmentation at longer distances. This is handy if you are caught out in the open while trying to reach your objective. --D.E. Watters 19:21, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

other photo...
I found another interesting photo of yhe Mk.18 :. Used by Deltas in protection of afghan president Hamid Karzaï, on september 5, 2002. But it's copyrighted. Do you think it's a good idea to put un link on the main page ?

 * No, I don't think so. It's copyrighted. It's a small image. The current images are already representative enough. Pettifogger 21:55, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, but it is kind of evidence of Delta's CQBR usage... Rob1bureau

 * Those guys were claimed by the US Navy as members of Navy Special Warfare (Seal Team 6). They are not Delta Force.  -- Thatguy96 18:01, 11 July 2006

 * Wouldn't be a stretch to assume Delta has access to Mark 18s, though. Spartan198 (talk) 06:29, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

Source
Do you have any sources or Links?--Sanandros 15:59, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

An M4 buys you 10 or 100 Kalasnikovs?
It is reported each new M4 as issued to a GI Joe in Iraq or Afghanistan costs US taxpayers 4000 dollars (four thousand USD). That looks like insane. What is the true price? A new AK-47 can be had for 40USD or a barrel of corn some places in Africa. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 195.70.32.136 (talk) 10:51, 29 January 2007 (UTC).

How is this relevant? Koalorka (talk) 06:51, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Just say "Wikipedia is not a forum" and move on - Thatguy96 (talk) 12:32, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Are we allowed to remove this kind of crap? Koalorka (talk) 14:27, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * According to this website, the price of the M4 is $1K per carbine. You were misinformed, Anon. Spartan198 (talk) 06:29, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

Regarding the CQBR acronym controversy
The operator's manual for the Mk 18 Mod 0 specifically states that the Mk 18 is a carbine, and its parts include the CQBR upper receiver. CQBR is defined as "Close Quarter Battle Receiver", not rifle.

Ironically, the current Navy citation in the article seems to indicate that the CQBR uppers on the Mk 18 have been exchanged for M4A1 uppers, at least in regards to the Mk 18 issued to ship armories for VBSS use. --D.E. Watters (talk) 00:38, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I suppose I should mention that the wrong image was placed in the Navy's article. For some reason they used a picture with M4s in standard configuration instead of CQBR, and I checked further and found that by clicking the image, it turns up the same image but with a different description naming them as standard M4s.--LWF (talk) 06:21, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I have previouly seen claims elsewhere that the Navy was pulling the CQBR uppers from non-NSW Mk 18 carbines. The article cited essentially implies that the Mk 18 lowers were recycled by adding M4A1 uppers, at a cost savings over buying complete M4A1.  Navy briefings and contract activity also indicate that the Navy is buying complete M4A1 to replace the older Colt Model 727 in inventory.

 * I've seen references to a new CQBR upper configuration for NSW, which results in an updated designation for the complete carbine: Mk 18 Mod 1. The US Coast Guard also appears to be keeping their Mk 18 Mod 0.  There was an USCG solicitation just the other day for replacement 10.3" barrel assemblies from Colt.  --D.E. Watters (talk) 20:29, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

 * From what I've been able to gather, the Mod 1 designation is being applied to Mark 18s with the Mark 12 low profile gas block and Daniel Defense Mark 18 RIS II. Spartan198 (talk) 06:29, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Close Quarters Battle Receiver


text:
Talk:Ice hockey at the 1980 Winter Olympics

Merge
I disagree that this should be merged. That would be POV, as the term "Miracle on Ice" refers only to the American victory, not to the entire ice hockey competition. Plus, the Olympic ice hockey articles (should) have a consistent format, listing winners, scores, etc. and a brief summary of any important events. – flamurai (t) 20:16, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * My POV concerning what info should be in this article is introduced in Talk:Miracle on Ice. Cmapm 20:52, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * These articles should not be merged, I agree with Flamurai. Earl Andrew 23:51, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

In my opinion, a good example of information about Winter Olympics Ice Hockey Tournament is: Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics. A good example of a brief summary of WOIHT is Ice hockey at the 1994 Winter Olympics. Information in this article covers only two teams performance:USSR team and USA team, besides this, it hasn't any results and is an exact subset of information, presented in the Miracle on Ice. That's why I think, that it is the worst example of an article about WOIHT. Let's keep going in this direction. Cmapm 14:46, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Have you seen Ice hockey at the 1988 Winter Olympics? I think it is better than the 2002 article. :-D Earl Andrew 21:06, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Haven't, better indeed. But it's not the point. The point is that while good examples like Ice hockey at the 1988 Winter Olympics, Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics and Ice hockey at the 1994 Winter Olympics (the latter is with a good brief summary) exist, articles like this one go in a different (and wrong IMHO) way. Cmapm 10:57, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Medallists
I understand, that Finland played the last game against the gold medallist and because of this some people think that Finland is the silver medallist. But facts are facts. USA got gold, USSR got silver, Sweden got bronze, Finland was fourth.

The point is that the competition system in the medal round was round-robin, not play-offs. USA won 4-3 over USSR, tied 2-2 with Sweden and won 4-2 over Finland. USSR lost 3-4 to USA, won 9-2 over Sweden and won 4-2 over Finland. Sweden tied 3-3 with Finland, lost 2-9 to the USSR and tied 2-2 with the USA. Finland's "perfect" scores you can see above. Final standings:
 * 1) USA 5pts
 * 2) USSR 4pts
 * 3) Sweden 2pts
 * 4) Finland 1pt

See medallists e.g., at the official website of International Olympic Committee. See also , Is it enough??? Cmapm 14:13, 15 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It appears that you're correct. But note the list of medalists in the first paragraph of Miracle on Ice... GeeZee 15:29, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry, first I thought it was your personal mistake, but it turned out, that you were mistaken by that article (I've just corrected it). This article deserves all results and detailed description of the competition system. I have them, but I haven't dates for some matches so far. May be one day... Cmapm 09:45, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * No need to be sorry. You're right on what the article needs.  If you put in the info you have, I'll see if I can track down the dates and insert them.GeeZee 21:18, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

 * All right, I pasted the results and notes on the competition system. I used Ice hockey at the 1988 Winter Olympics as a template. By the way, the competition system there is nearly the same, the only difference is that into the medal round advance top three (not top tweo) teams from each group. When I collect dates, known to myself I'll add them in the format, used in that article. I suggest you to rely on that format too, when you'll add dates known to you. Cmapm 00:56, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow. Nice work.  Somewhere at my folks' house, I have a reference book--remember those?--that should have the 1980 Winter Olympics results & dates in it; hopefully I can locate it by this weekend.  If not, I'll track it down online using a subscription service, if need be.   GeeZee 03:44, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. No, I haven't seen the reference book. We could glimpse all the required info in the Official Report submitted by the US Organizing Committee to the IOC after the Games, it is supposed to appear on this page by the end of this year. Unfortunately, it is not scanned yet. Cmapm 11:05, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

Source for leading scorers
I looked up info about leading scorers in. At least data for top 5 scorers is the same, as in the book, which I have. Pretty surprising scores of three Czechoslovakian players on top, while Czechoslovakia even didn't advance to the medal round! Cmapm 13:31, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

Further surprising is that the USSR won 2 games with 16 and 17 goals respectively, and still managed to not have the leading scorer. Wierd.

Final push?
Official Report from the Organizing Committee appeared on AAFLA website: http://www.aafla.org/5va/reports.htm. Data added/ corrected to comply with the 2nd volume of the report. Cmapm 2 July 2005 13:07 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:47, 8 August 2020 (UTC)
 * TeamUSA1980 stamp.png

Finals
They won 4-2 against Finland 184.148.2.20 (talk) 16:04, 16 March 2024 (UTC)
 * There was no 'Finals' so please explain what you mean.18abruce (talk) 18:20, 16 March 2024 (UTC)


text: User talk:68.148.203.57

title: User talk:68.148.203.57


text: User talk:69.105.72.128

title: User talk:69.105.72.128


text:
Talk:Bridges in art

Keep
This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Bridges in art. The consensus was to keep it. dbenbenn | talk 20:17, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The boy stood on the burning bridge
As far as I can tell there is no poem of this title by Macaulay or anyone else. Amazing that the reference has survived for so long. The only poem of this title is a schoolboy parody of "The boy stood on the burning deck", properly Casabianca, by Mrs. Felicia Dorothea Hemans (which, of course, does not belong on this page). See http://endtimepilgrim.org/boystood.htm

Mhkay (talk) 10:01, 13 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks Mhkay - it I was I who first suggested this needed a citation. I think the original contributor may have been thinking of Macaulay's Horatius - often known as Horatius at the Bridge and confusing it with Casabianca.
 * Jmrichardson (talk) 17:01, 7 December 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Bridges in art


text:
Area code 218

Area code 218 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the northern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is assigned to the largest of Minnesota's original two numbering plan areas (NPAs), although its geographical boundaries have been modified since inception. It comprises roughly the northern half of the state, and includes the cities of Duluth, Hibbing, Brainerd, Bemidji, Fergus Falls, and Moorhead.

History
In the initial 1947 map of the North American Numbering Plan, area code 218 was conceived as a lower-case r-shaped area in the northern and western two-thirds of Minnesota. The southeastern portion, including the Twin Cities, was located in area code 612.

As the implementation of the new telephone numbering plan proceeded, the Minnesota area code boundaries were redrawn in 1954 to avoid cutting across major toll traffic routes out of the Twin Cities. This resulted in three area codes, with 218 covering the northern band of the state, 612 covering the central band, and the new area code 507 forming a southern band. The southern portion of the old 218 (Worthington, Marshall, and Pipestone), was merged with the southern portion of 612 to form the new 507, which ran along the entire length of the Iowa border. 612 was rotated to stretch from the Wisconsin border to the South Dakota border, absorbing a slice of the old 218 (St. Cloud, Alexandria, Appleton). 218 was pushed into east-central Minnesota, absorbing the old 612's eastern portion and taking on roughly its present shape.

A small change in the 1990s brought the Northwest Angle into the 218 area code; that region had previously been part of Bell Canada's Clearwater Bay exchange in area code 807.

Because of the low population density in northern Minnesota, the region was unaffected when the 612 area was subdivided in 1996. The resulting area code 320, the former western portion of 612, runs the length of the southern border with 218, and the 612 area code has been reduced in size so much that it now just includes the city of Minneapolis and a few nearby suburbs.

The western portion of 218, generally everything from Brainerd westward, shares a LATA with the eastern half of North Dakota, including Fargo and Grand Forks.

Exhaust Projections by the NANP Administrator estimate that northern Minnesota will not need another area code until about 2028.

Prior to October 2021, area code 218 had telephone numbers assigned for the central office code 988. In 2020, 988 was designated nationwide as a dialing code for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, which created a conflict for exchanges that permit seven-digit dialing. This area code was therefore scheduled to transition to ten-digit dialing by October 24, 2021.

Service area

 * Ada
 * Aitkin
 * Akeley
 * Ashby
 * Aurora
 * Babbitt
 * Backus
 * Bagley
 * Barnesville
 * Barnum
 * Battle Lake
 * Baudette
 * Baxter
 * Bemidji
 * Bena
 * Big Falls
 * Bigfork
 * Biwabik
 * Bovey
 * Boy River
 * Brainerd
 * Breckenridge
 * Brookston
 * Carlton
 * Cass Lake
 * Chisholm
 * Clearbrook
 * Cloquet
 * Cohasset
 * Coleraine
 * Cook
 * Cromwell
 * Crookston
 * Crosby
 * Dalton
 * Deer River
 * Deerwood
 * Detroit Lakes
 * Dilworth
 * Duluth
 * East Grand Forks
 * Elbow Lake
 * Ely
 * Emily
 * Erhard
 * Erskine
 * Eveleth
 * Federal Dam
 * Fergus Falls
 * Fertile
 * Floodwood
 * Fosston
 * Frazee
 * Gilbert
 * Glyndon
 * Grand Marais
 * Grand Portage
 * Grand Rapids
 * Greenbush
 * Hackensack
 * Hallock
 * Hawley
 * Hermantown
 * Hibbing
 * Hill City
 * Hoyt Lakes
 * Humboldt
 * International Falls
 * Karlstad
 * Keewatin
 * Littlefork
 * Longville
 * Lutsen
 * Mahnomen
 * McGregor
 * Menahga
 * Miltona
 * Mizpah
 * Moorhead
 * Moose Lake
 * Motley
 * Mountain Iron
 * Nashwauk
 * Newfolden
 * New York Mills
 * Northome
 * Nisswa
 * Ogema
 * Outing
 * Orr
 * Park Rapids
 * Parkers Prairie
 * Pelican Rapids
 * Pequot Lakes
 * Perham
 * Pine River
 * Proctor
 * Red Lake Falls
 * Remer
 * Roseau
 * Rothsay
 * St. Hilaire
 * St. Vincent
 * Sebeka
 * Silver Bay
 * Staples
 * Sturgeon Lake
 * Thief River Falls
 * Thomson
 * Tower
 * Twin Valley
 * Two Harbors
 * Ulen
 * Vergas
 * Virginia
 * Wadena
 * Walker
 * Warren
 * Warroad
 * Wawina
 * Willow River
 * Wrenshall

title: Area code 218


text:
Aleksandr Kvyatkovsky

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Kvyatkovsky (Александр Александрович Квятковский; January 1852 – 16 November 1880) was a Russian revolutionary and member of the Executive Committee of Narodnaya Volya.

Life
Kvyatkovsky was born in Tomsk. His family were minor nobility. His father was a gold miner. He studied at St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, but left in 1874 to take part in the Going into the people movement. He and his brother set up a locksmith business in a village in the Tula region, south of Moscow, with the intention of spread in political ideas among the peasants. His brother was arrested, and was sentenced to hard labour at the Trial of the 193. Aleksandr returned to St Petersburg, where he was arrested in November 1874, but released in April, after which he worked in a factory in the Kostroma region. In July 1876, he joined an agricultural colony in Nizhny Novgorod, but had to leave after a police raid in June 1877. He was involved in an unsuccessful attempt to free Porfiry Voynaralsy, one of the leading defendants at the Trial of the 193. During 1878, he and a fellow socialist, Mikhail Popov, toured markets in the Voronezh region, making contact with peasants. According to Popov, they were encouraged by the responses they got, but in autumn 1878, he was called back to St Petersburg by Alexander Mikhailov, who persuaded him to join the Liberty or Death (Свобода или смерть) group, dedicated to assassinating the Tsar Alexander II.

Kvyatkovsky participated in the Lipetsk and Voronezh Congresses of Zemlya i volya or Land and Liberty. When Land And Liberty broke into two factions as the result of an internal dispute over tactics in August 1879, Kvyatkovsky opted to side with the stance taken by the more adventurous People's Will or Narodnaya Volya group.

He was also one of the organizers of Narodnaya Volya. In September–November 1879, Kvyatkovsky was in charge of a clandestine print shop and acted as a liaison between the Executive Committee and Stepan Khalturin during the planning stages of a terrorist act in the Winter Palace.

Death
Kvyatkovsky shared lodgings in St Petersburg with Vera Figner. When she was sent by the organisation to Odesa, she suggested that her younger sister, Yevgenia, should take her room. Yevgenia Figner volunteered to distribute revolutionary literature among students, but out of inexperience, she used the same false name under which she was registered at her address. This brought police to their lodgings, where they were both arrested, on November 24, 1879. The police found dynamite in Kvyatkovsky's room, and a piece of paper containing a diagram. After an explosion at the Winter Palace, three months later, the police realised that the diagram was a plan of the palace, which marked the spot where the bomb was set off.

Kvyatkovsky was sentenced to death at the Trial of the Sixteen in 1880. He was executed at the age of 28 in the Peter and Paul Fortress.

title: Aleksandr Kvyatkovsky


text:
Wendy Fulton

Wendy Fulton (born March 26, 1954) is a retired American actress, who is known for her roles on television during the 1980s.

Career
Fulton's television credits include guest appearances on Knight Rider, Jake and the Fatman, Diff'rent Strokes, The A-Team, V and Matlock. In 1982, she starred in the CBS soap opera miniseries Bare Essence alongside Linda Evans and Donna Mills. The show later was picked up as a regular series by NBC, but was canceled after a single season. The following year, she had her first and only movie role in the comedy film The First Time.

In 1985, Fulton starred in the ABC miniseries North and South, Book 1. During 1986–87, she played Jean Hackney in the CBS prime time soap opera Knots Landing. Her last role was in 1991. She currently runs her own therapy practice.

Personal life
Fulton was born and raised in Stewartstown, Pennsylvania and went to Kennard-Dale High School. Her father was a doctor with a practice in the community. She has been married to actor Dwight Schultz since 1983. They have a daughter named Ava (b. 1987), and currently live in Santa Clarita, California.

title: Wendy Fulton


text:
Air Inuit

Air Inuit (Inuktitut syllabics: ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᖓᑦᑕᔪᖏᑦ) is an airline headquartered in the Montreal borough of Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada. It operates domestic passenger services and charter and cargo services in Nunavik, southern Quebec, and Nunavut. Its main base is Kuujjuaq Airport.

History
The airline was established and started operations in 1978 using a de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver aircraft. The airline is collectively owned by the Inuit of Nunavik through the Makivik Corporation.

In 1984 acquired Chaparal Charters and its fleet of two Twin Otters and one Douglas DC-3.

In 2012, Air Inuit relocated their headquarters to a new multi-purpose facility on Côte-Vertu Boulevard near the Montréal–Trudeau International Airport.

In 2016, Air Inuit pilot Melissa Haney became the first female Inuk pilot to reach the rank of captain. She was featured on a commemorative postage stamp released by the Canadian Ninety-Nines.

In 2023, Air Inuit announced the retirement of its Boeing 737-200 Combi aircraft. The airline will replace the Boeing 737-200 with three Boeing 737-800 Combi aircraft.

Destinations
Air Inuit operates scheduled services to the following domestic destinations (July 2023):

Charters
Air Inuit also offers other charter services to anywhere in North America.

Current
, the Air Inuit fleet includes the following aircraft:

Air Inuit also has access to a Eurocopter Écureuil (Aerospatiale ASTAR 350) through Nunavik Rotors and a de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter through Johnny May's Air Charters.

On 1 March 2016, Bombardier Inc. announced that Air Inuit would be the launch customer for the Bombardier Q300 Large Cargo Door freighter.

Former
Previously Air Inuit have also flown the following aircraft:
 * Beechcraft King Air
 * Cessna 185 Skywagon
 * Cessna 421
 * Convair Liner 340 (580)
 * Convair 440 (580)
 * Grumman Gulfstream I (G-159)
 * Hawker Siddeley HS 748

Accidents and incidents

 * On 16 March 1981, Douglas C-47 Skytrain, C-FIRW, was damaged beyond repair when it broke through the frozen surface of Lake Bienville while taxiing for take-off on a cargo flight.

title: Air Inuit


text:
Sudan I

Sudan I (also known as CI Solvent Yellow 14 or Solvent Orange R) is an organic compound, typically classified as an azo dye. It is an intensely orange-red solid that is added to colorize waxes, oils, petrol, solvents, and polishes. Historically, Sudan I has also acted as a food coloring agent, especially for curry powder and chili powder. Owing to its classification as a category 3 carcinogenic hazard by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans), Sudan I (as well as its derivatives Sudan III and Sudan IV) has been banned in many countries including the United States and European Union. Nevertheless, Sudan I remains valuable as a coloring reagent for non-food-related uses, such as in the formulation of orange-colored smoke.

Application
The Sudan dyes are a group of azo compounds which have been used to color hydrocarbon solvents, oils, fats, waxes, shoes, and floor polishes. As recently as 1974, about 270,000 kg of Sudan I, 236,000 kg of Sudan II, 70,000 kg of Sudan III, and 1,075,000 kg of Sudan IV were produced in the United States.

Sudan I and Sudan III (1-(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl) azonaphthalen-2-ol) are used for mostly the same application. Sudan III melts at a 68°C (154.4°F) higher temperature than Sudan I.

Synthesis
The synthesis involves two steps, the first being the preparation of a solution of the diazonium salt, benzenediazonium chloride, from aniline. In the second step, the solution of the phenyldiazonium is added to 2-naphthol to produce the diazo dye.

Sudan I suffers from oxidative photo-degradation by two mechanisms, singlet oxygen degradation and free radical degradation, decreasing its fastness on materials.

Degradation and metabolism
The metabolism of Sudan I, as characterized in rabbits, involves both oxidative or reductive reactions.

Azo-reduction of Sudan I produces aniline and 1-amino-2-naphthol, and this reaction seems to be responsible for the detoxification. In vivo, after oxidation of Sudan I, C-hydroxylated metabolites are formed as major oxidation products and are excreted in urine. These metabolites are also found after oxidation with rat hepatic microsomes in vitro.

The C-hydroxylated metabolites may be considered as the detoxification products, while the benzenediazonium ion (BDI) formed by microsome-catalyzed enzymatic splitting of the azo group of Sudan I, reacts with DNA in vitro. The major DNA adduct formed in this reaction is identified as the 8-(phenylazo)guanine adduct, which was also found in liver DNA of rats who were exposed to Sudan I.

The formation of C-hydroxylated metabolites and DNA-adducts from Sultan I oxidation were also demonstrated with human CYP enzymes, with CYP1A1 being the major enzyme involved in the oxidation of Sudan I in human tissues rich in this enzyme, while CYP3A4 is also active in human liver.

The expression of CYP1A1 in human livers is low, less than 0.7% of the total hepatic CYP expression, while it contributes up to 12 to 30% in the oxidation of Sudan I in a set of human liver microsomes. Moreover, Sudan I strongly induces CYP1A1 in rats and human cells in culture due to activation of the cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

In addition to oxidation by CYP enzymes, Sudan I and its C-hydroxylated metabolites are oxidized by peroxidases, such as a model plant peroxidase, but also by the mammalian enzyme cyclooxygenase. In bladder tissue, CYP enzymes are not detectable, while there are relatively high levels of peroxidases expressed in these tissues. As a consequence, DNA, RNA, and protein adducts are formed. Therefore, peroxidase-catalyzed activation of Sudan I has been suggested as mechanism in a similar way to other carcinogens, such as the carcinogenic aromatic amines.

It has been suggested that a CYP- or peroxidase-mediated activation of Sudan I or a combination of both mechanisms may be responsible for the organ specificity of this carcinogen for the liver and urinary bladder in animals. The Sudan I metabolites formed by peroxidase are much less likely to be formed at physiological conditions, because in vivo there are many nucleophilic molecules present which scavenge the Sudan I reactive species. Hence, the formation of adducts of Sudan I reactive species with nucleophilic species, such as DNA, tRNA, proteins, polynucleotides, and polydeoxynucleotides seems to be the preferred reaction under physiological conditions, with deoxyguanosine as the major target for Sudan-I DNA binding, followed by deoxyadenosine.

Effect on humans
Sudan I is a compound being warned of for health hazards by the EU regulation. It may cause allergic skin reactions and irritation of the skin. Exposure to the skin can happen by direct exposure to textile workers or by wearing tight-fitting textiles dyed with Sudan I. Allergic reactions are induced when the azo dye binds to the human serum albumin (HSA), forming a dye-HSA conjugate, which immunoglobulin E binds to, which causes a release of histamine.

Sudan I is also suspected of causing genetic defects. The mutagenicity and genetic hazard have been evaluated with the Ames test and animal experiments. Furthermore, it is suspected of causing cancer. The carcinogenicity is estimated by animal testing.

Safety and regulation
The regulation of Sudan I in Europe started in 2003 after repeated notifications were published in the EU rapid alert system. The EU rapid alert system announced that Sudan I was found in chili powder and the foods that were prepared with it. Due to the suspicion of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Sudan I, a daily intake was not tolerable. The European Commission therefore prohibited the import of chili and hot chili products. Also the BfR (Bundesinstitut fuer Risikobewertung) was asked for their opinion and came to the conclusion that Sudan dyes are principally harmful to the health. Sudan I was classified as a category three carcinogen and category three mutagen in Annex I of Directive 67/548/EC. This classification was based on findings from animal experiments, conducted by the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR).

The regulation of azo colorants by ‘The EU azo Colorants Directive 2002/61/EC’ has been replaced by the REACH regulation in 2009, when azo dyes were put on the REACH Restriction list Annex XVII. This includes that these dyes are forbidden to be used in textiles and leather, that may come in direct and prolonged contact with the skin or oral cavity. No textile of leather product are allowed to be colored with azo dyes a specific list of the items can be found in the Official Journal of the European Union. Furthermore, it is prohibited to place any textile or leather articles colored with azo dyes on the market.

A certificate for azo dyes exists to ensure that dyes that cleave to one of the forbidden amines are not being used for dyeing. All dyers should ensure that the supply company is fully informed about the legislation of the prohibited azo dyes. To ensure this, they should be members of the ETAD (Ecological and Toxicological Association of Dyes and Organic Pigments Manufacturers) from which they can receive their certificate. Non-ETAD member sources suppliers correlate with doubt about the origin and safety of the dyes. Dyes without certification are not advised to be used.

Humans
No specific information exists on Sudan I related to the toxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effect on humans.

Animal Experiments
Sudan I was associated with a significant increase in neoplastic nodules and carcinomas in both male and female rats. Other studies, however, showed no significantly increased incidence of micro-nucleated hepatocytes after the administration of Sudan I. These results suggest that the liver carcinogenicity may not be due to the genotoxic effects of Sudan I. No carcinogenic effects were visible in livers of mice after the application of Sudan I. But when Sudan I is applied subcutaneously to mice, liver tumors were found.

Furthermore, DNA damage was depicted in the stomach and liver cells of mice. In rats there was found to be no significant increase in the amount of micro-nucleated epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. This indicates the absence of genotoxic compounds in the gastrointestinal epithelial cells in rats.

Contradictive to the findings in the gastrointestinal tract and liver, there was an increase in micro-nucleated cells found in the bone marrow. The frequency of micro-nucleated bone marrow cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. Significantly higher incidences of micro-nucleated immature erythrocytes (MNIME)were found at a dose of 150/mg/day or more. This supports the explanation that Sudan I is oxidized or activated by peroxidase in the blood cells and thereby forming micro-nucleated cells.

Guanosine DNA adducts derived from peroxidase metabolites of Sudan I were also found in vivo in the bladder of rats. The bladder also contains high levels of tissue peroxidase.

Toxicology
Sudan I is genotoxic. It is also carcinogenic in rats. Comparisons between experimental animals and human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) strongly suggest animal carcinogenicity data can be extrapolated to humans.

Sudan I is also present as an impurity in Sunset Yellow FCF, which is its disulfonated water-soluble version.

Food scare
In February 2005, Sudan I gained attention, particularly in the United Kingdom. It was identified as a contaminant in Worcestershire sauce produced by Premier Foods. The Food Standards Agency traced the source of the contamination to adulterated chili powder.

title: Sudan I


text:
Antropophagus

Antropophagus (also known as Anthropophagus: The Beast, The Savage Island, and The Grim Reaper) is a 1980 Italian horror film directed by Joe D'Amato, who is also the co-writer along with George Eastman. Eastman also stars as a cannibal. The film also features Tisa Farrow, Zora Kerova, Saverio Vallone, Serena Grandi, Margaret Mazzantini and Mark Bodin.

Antropophagus has been described as having "a noted place in the annals of the escalation of gore". The film has gained cult status - if only "amongst fringe horror video audiences". It has been argued that the reason for its cult status lies in its theme of cannibalism, hence "consumption of humans", which lends itself to cult reception. The scene in which the titular man eater strangles a pregnant woman, tears out the fetus from her womb and bites into it, made it become one of the infamous "video nasties" that were prosecuted in the United Kingdom in the early 1980s, and the "controversy greatly aided its cult reputation" as well.

Plot
A pair of Germans visiting a remote Greek island go to the beach and are slaughtered by someone who emerges from the ocean. 5 travelers are preparing to tour the islands and are joined by Julie, who asks for a ride to an island some of her friends live on. The only one who objects to this detour to the island (which Julie explains has only a few permanent residents and only sees tourists a few months out of the year) is Carol, whose tarot cards, the Tarocco Piemontese, convince her something bad will happen if they go. The group sails to the island anyway. While disembarking, the pregnant Maggie hurts her ankle, so she stays behind on the boat with its owner. A man attacks the ship, ripping the sailor's head off and abducting Maggie.

The others explore the island's town, discovering it in disarray and abandoned, except for an elusive woman in black, who writes "Go Away" on a dusty window. A rotting corpse that appears to have been cannibalized is uncovered in a house, prompting everyone to rush back to the boat, which is adrift. With no other options, the group goes to the house owned by Julie's friends, where they find the family's blind daughter, Henriette. After wounding Daniel in a panic, Henriette is calmed down and rants about there being a madman who smells of blood prowling the island.

Andy and Arnold search the town for antibiotics to stop Daniel's wound from infecting. Carol walks in on Daniel flirting with Julie and goes into hysterics, running off into the night. Julie goes after Carol but loses her and meets up with Andy and Arnold. The disfigured killer breaks into the house and rips Daniel's throat out but leaves Henriette alone and flees as the others return. Everyone treks through the island in the morning and finds a mansion belonging to Klaus Wortman. Julie mentions that she read that Klaus, his wife, and their child are assumed dead, having been shipwrecked, a tragedy which caused Klaus' sister Ruth to become unhinged. Ruth (the woman in black from earlier) watches the group enter the building, comforts the sleeping Carol, and hangs herself.

After Carol wakes up, Andy and Arnold look out a window and see that the boat has drifted close to shore. The 2 men go to secure the vessel, and Julie finds a partially destroyed journal among the objects in the mansion. it reveals that the killer is Klaus and that the bodies of all of Klaus' victims are in a hidden room. Andy and Arnold split up, and the latter reaches an abandoned church, where he finds Maggie and is confronted by Klaus. Klaus has a flashback that reveals he and his family were stranded in a raft after being shipwrecked and that Klaus accidentally stabbed his wife while trying to convince her that they should eat the body of their dead son to survive. Klaus then ate his wife and son's corpses, driving him insane. Klaus regains his composure, stabs Arnold, then strangles Maggie to death. As Arnold slowly dies, he watches in horror as Klaus rips out and eats Maggie's unborn child.

Julie uncovers the room where Klaus' victims are at the mansion and skims another diary she finds. Carol stumbles into the chamber and drops dead from a slit throat. Klaus then attacks Julie, who locks herself and Henriette in the attic after a short chase. Klaus breaks through the ceiling and kills Henriette, and is then knocked off the roof by Julie and falls into a well. When Julie peers down the well, Klaus attacks her, but she is saved when Andy appears and stabs Klaus in the stomach with a pickaxe, causing the cannibal's intestines to spill out. As a last dying act, Klaus gnaws on his innards, staring at Andy, while Julie looks at Klaus in horror; Klaus then falls over and dies. The film ends with Andy and Julie standing over Klaus' body, staring at each other in shock.

Cast

 * Tisa Farrow as Julie
 * Saverio Vallone as Andy
 * Serena Grandi as Maggie
 * Margaret Mazzantini as Henriette
 * Mark Bodin as Daniel
 * Bob Larson as Arnold
 * Rubina Rey as Ruth Wortman
 * Simone Baker as First Victim
 * Mark Logan as Second Victim
 * George Eastman as Klaus Wortmann
 * Zora Kerova as Carol

Pre-production
Antropophagus was produced in collaboration between Produzioni Cinematografiche Massaccesi International (PCM International), which had recently been founded by Joe D'Amato to distribute his film Sesso nero, and Filmirage, founded by both Donatella Donati and D'Amato. Additional funding was supplied by Eureka International, a company founded by Edward Sarlui which specialized in licensing films abroad.

In an interview, D'Amato stated that it was the first film his company Filmirage had produced.

Filming
Shooting for Antropophagus lasted from 31 March 1980 to May 1980. D'Amato said it was filmed in Italian, unlike its sequel Rosso Sangue, which was filmed in English.

Although the film is set on a Greek island, only part of the production crew went to Greece to film around the Acropolis of Athens. The rest of the film was shot in Italy. Sperlonga was used for the scenes in the white village, the catacombs were those of Santa Savinilla close to the lake of Nepi, and the man-eater's villa was the "Conservatorio di Santa Eufemia" in Rome. Many interior shots were made in the small villa in Sacrofano owned by Donatella Donati's father, Ermanno Donati; it had already been used as set for some Black Emanuelle films. The Greek island that the barque approaches in the film is in reality Italian Ponza.

Ursula-Helen Kassaveti observed in the film an "irrational transformation and geographical restructuring of Athens. The experienced editor Ornella Micheli links places of the city which in no other case could be tied together".

Like in Sesso nero, the credit for cinematography went to Enrico Biribicchi, whereas D'Amato only took credit as cameraman. Both D'Amato and Biribicchi later claimed to have done the cinematography. Biribicchi stated that he had started together with D'Amato at the age of 28 and therefore had been very proud when D'Amato asked him to act as cinematographer, not only as cameraman. Biribicchi also said that he was very satisfied with his own work on the film, in particular the scenes in the catacombs and the ones on the barque they had rented for the occasion. He further stated that after Antropophagus, D'Amato asked him to act as cinematographer on some red light films as well, for which he had to use a pseudonym for reasons of censorship. D'Amato, on the other hand, claimed that he had done the cinematography himself and that Biribicchi's name was only put in the credits because the union had placed a limit on the number of jobs a single person was allowed to do for a film.

In an interview, D'Amato stated that Antropophagus had been "perhaps the lowest costing movie of my film career (made on 16 mm film and then blown up to 35 mm)." He said "I had to shorten the scene where Montefiori devours Serena Grandi's fetus, which, in actual fact, was a skinned rabbit covered in blood. ".

Score
The electronic music for the film was performed by Marcello Giombini on two ARP 2600 synthesizers. The original recordings of this music are considered to be lost. The version of the film titled The Grim Reaper which was released in the United States uses music from Kingdom of the Spiders instead of Giombini's score.

Some of Giombini's music was newly performed and recorded by Deak Fearance and Roger Conrad and released by the Austrian label Cineploit.

Release
Antropophagus was released in Italy on 9 August 1980. It was released in the United States on 9 October 1981, under the title "The Savage Island".

On home video, an English language cut of the film intended for UK audiences, titled The Grim Reaper, was distributed on VHS and DVD by Film Ventures International (FVI). It is heavily edited and discards most of the gore scenes and presents a shorter and different film, one that is 87 minutes long instead of 92. This release also did not include special features.

In 2005, Shriek Show released a two-disc special edition DVD of the film, released as Anthropophagus: The Grim Reaper. Despite retaining the "Grim Reaper" title on the case, this is the original Italian uncut version of the film (albeit without the Italian language opening and closing credits), featuring an English and Italian audio tracks, subtitles, photo gallery, trailers, a feature length Joe D'Amato documentary called "Totally Uncut Two", the film's alternate U.S. theatrical opening and a Q&A with actors Zora Kerova and George Eastman.

In 2018, along with its "spiritual sequel", Absurd, Severin released a Blu-ray of Antropophagus that was an improvement on prior releases. It features a 1080p presentation of the film sourced from a 2K scan of the original 16mm camera negative, color correction, uncompressed English and Italian audio tracks and newly translated English subtitles. For special features, the release contained a never-before-seen deleted scene, "The Eastman Chronicles": a 2017 interview with George Eastman, "Cannibal Frenzy": an interview with special effects artist Pietro Tenoglio, interviews with actors Zora Kerova, Saverio Vallone and editor Bruno Micheli, a featurette with film historian Alessio di Rocco, Italian opening and closing credits and theatrical trailers.

Critical reception
According to D'Amato, Antropophagus "had a tremendous, though totally unexpected, success both with the critics and the public" abroad.

From retrospective reviews, the book Spaghetti Nightmares called the film "professionally and cleverly made" and stated that it "immediately became the symbol for Italian gore". AllMovie gave the film two out of five stars, describing it as a "Z-grade Italian 'gorror' movie", but also as a "yummy bit of fun". DVD Verdict wrote that "Anthropophagus may be the most notable horror effort mounted by Euro-skin and sin maestro Joe D'Amato, but that doesn't mean that it's particularly a good film."

title: Antropophagus


text: User talk:68.76.85.202

title: User talk:68.76.85.202


text:
W. O. Forsyth

Wesley Octavius Forsyth (January 26, 1859 – May 7, 1937) was a Canadian pianist, composer and music educator based in Toronto, Ontario. Most of his compositions were written for the piano and voice.

Early life and education
Forsyth was born in Markham Township, York County, Canada West. As a child Forsyth studied piano with Edward Fisher (musician). As a young man he studied at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig with Salomon Jadassohn (composition, harmony, counterpoint, canon, and fugue), Martin Krause (piano), Gustav Schreck (composition), Paul Klengel (composition), Richard Hofmann (composer) (orchestration), Robert Papperitz, Bruno Zwintscher, (piano) and Adolf Ruthardt,(piano).

Career
While studying in Leipzing, Forsyth wrote articles for Toronto's The Musical Courier, and created his first successful composition, "Romanza", as part of his Suite in E minor, in 1888. The piece was performed in Leipzig that year by a military orchestra. He made his debut that year as a solo pianist, but did not achieve success as an instrumental performer, and returned to Toronto to teach. In 1892 he travelled to Vienna and Ischl to study with Julius Epstein In 1893 he was the director of Toronto's Metropolitan College of Music, later renamed Metropolitan School of Music.

In the 1890s he wrote music reviews and other articles for the publications The Musician and The Week.

By 1913 his compositions had been published internationally, and he continued to produce a large volume of work after World War I. By 1923, his pupils had formed a "Forsyth Club", and a number of his works were performed on the radio.

A collection of Forsyth's papers and other documents about his life are preserved at the National Library of Canada.

Select works

 * "Love took me softly by the hand" : op. 30, no. 2
 * "Showers are falling"
 * "The homelight"
 * Prelude and fugue : no. 1 in C minor : for the organ", op. 18
 * "No. 2 : Song of the silver night (romance)"
 * 'Frülingsabend = Spring evening : Alt oder Mezzo-Sopran mit Pianofortebegleitung", op. 16, no. 2
 * "Through enchanting meadows", op. 54

title: W. O. Forsyth


text: User talk:65.101.140.147

title: User talk:65.101.140.147