text:
User:Humus sapiens/contribs

There is no ownership in Wikipedia. This project is all about collaboration.
 * [[Image:Featured_article_star.svg|15px]] indicates a Featured Article
 * [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|15px]] indicates a Good Article
 * [[Image:Symbol opinion vote.svg|15px]] indicates a Did You Know...? entry.
 * The red items are yet to do.

Bios

 * Abdul Hadi Palazzi
 * Abram Ioffe
 * Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi
 * Alexander Esenin-Volpin
 * Alexander Ginzburg
 * Andrei Makarevich
 * Andrei Yushchinsky
 * Baruch ben Neriah [[Image:Symbol opinion vote.svg|15px]]
 * Boris Kaufman
 * Cesare G. De Michelis
 * Dan Gillerman
 * David Dragunsky
 * Dina Pronicheva
 * Eduard Kuznetsov
 * Ehud Olmert
 * Eleazar ben Simon
 * Elsa Triolet
 * Emil Fackenheim
 * Farouk Kaddoumi
 * Felix Landau [[Image:Symbol opinion vote.svg|15px]]
 * Gavriil Belostoksky
 * Gregory Stanton
 * Howard Sachar
 * Heinrich Graetz
 * Herzl Yankl Tsam
 * Isaac Levitan
 * Isaac Nachman Steinberg
 * Ismail Khaldi
 * Jacob Mantino ben Samuel
 * Jekuthiel Sofer
 * Johannes Pfefferkorn
 * John Camden Hotten
 * Joseph Brodsky
 * Joseph ibn Naghrela
 * Joseph Schechtman
 * Judah he-Hasid (Jerusalem)
 * Kenneth S. Stern
 * Kozma Prutkov
 * Leon Pinsker
 * Leon Poliakov
 * Lev Kopelev
 * Lilya Brik
 * Lina Stern
 * Liviu Librescu
 * Lodewyk van Berken
 * Lubov Orlova
 * Luis Corvalan
 * Manetho
 * Maria Weizmann
 * Matvei Golovinski
 * Maxim Gorky
 * Menahem Ussishkin
 * Menahem Mendel Beilis (Beilis trial)
 * Mia Bloom
 * Michael Oren
 * Mikhail Gurevich
 * Mikhail Kaufman
 * Mikhail Mil
 * Musa Alami
 * Nadezhda Mandelstam
 * Natan Sharansky
 * Pavel Krushevan
 * Philip Graves
 * Polina Zhemchuzhina
 * Pyotr Grigorenko
 * Pyotr Rachkovsky
 * Robert Satloff [[Image:Symbol opinion vote.svg|15px]]
 * Ruth Gruber [[Image:Symbol opinion vote.svg|15px]]
 * Sergei Botkin
 * Sergei Kovalev
 * Shalom Yoran [[Image:Symbol opinion vote.svg|15px]]
 * Simon Dubnow
 * Steven Plaut
 * Tamar Gozansky
 * Umm Nidal
 * Varlam Shalamov
 * Vasily Grossman
 * Vasily Tatishchev
 * Victor E. Marsden
 * Viktor Nekipelov
 * Vladimir Begun
 * Vladimir Bukovsky
 * Vladimir Burtsev
 * Vladimir Voinovich
 * Waldemar Haffkine (Vladimir Havkin)
 * Yehuda Bauer
 * Yelena Kamburova
 * Yevgenia Ginzburg
 * Yossef Bodansky
 * Yuli Daniel
 * Yuri Fedorov
 * Yuri Galanskov
 * Yury Orlov
 * Zinovy Peshkov

Other

 * 101st kilometre
 * 1066 Granada massacre
 * 1920 Palestine riots
 * 1929 Palestine riots
 * Al-Hayat al-Jadida
 * Alliance Israelite Universelle
 * American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
 * Amsterdam Esnoga
 * Anti-Arabism
 * Antisemitic canard
 * Antisemitism
 * Anti-Zionist committee of the Soviet public
 * Arab League and the Arab-Israeli conflict
 * Argumenty i fakty
 * Babi Yar
 * Bar Kokhba revolt
 * Berdichev
 * Bilu
 * Black Book
 * Black Hand (Palestine)
 * Black September in Jordan
 * Bourgeois nationalism
 * Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
 * Cantonist
 * Caucasian Avars
 * Chateau de Chabannes
 * Circus (1936 film)
 * Collectivisation in the USSR
 * Commissar (movie)
 * Damascus affair
 * Disputation
 * Disputation of Barcelona
 * Dissident movement in the Soviet Union
 * Doctors' plot
 * Dymshits-Kuznetsov hijacking affair
 * Enemy of the people
 * Farhud
 * First Jewish-Roman War
 * Foreign relations of Israel
 * Fraternity of peoples
 * Freeland League
 * Germany-Israel relations
 * Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain
 * Gratitude Fund
 * Green Army
 * Gulag
 * Hep-Hep riots
 * Hero of Socialist Labor
 * History of antisemitism
 * History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|15px]]
 * Hope Simpson Royal Commission
 * Hovevei Zion
 * Hurva Synagogue
 * International Council of Christians and Jews
 * International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism
 * Interregional Academy of Personnel Management (MAUP (Ukraine))
 * Israeli passport
 * Jackson-Vanik amendment
 * Jaffa riots
 * Jerusalem Law
 * Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
 * Jewish Autonomism
 * Jewish diaspora
 * Jewish ethnonym
 * Jewish Brigade
 * Jewish Legion and Jewish legion (disambiguation)
 * Jewish partisans [[Image:Symbol opinion vote.svg|15px]]
 * Jewish refugees
 * Jewish-Roman wars
 * Jews for Jesus
 * Jolly Fellows (1934 film)
 * Judensau
 * Judenzählung
 * Judeophobia
 * Kielce pogrom
 * Kimberley Plan
 * Komzet
 * Krasnaya Zvezda
 * Life and Fate (book)
 * List of Jewish history topics
 * List of the UN resolutions concerning Israel
 * May Laws
 * Medzhybizh
 * Mikveh Israel
 * Moscow Helsinki Watch Group
 * Moscow State Jewish Theater
 * Night of the Murdered Poets
 * Nili
 * Odessa Committee
 * Odessa pogrom
 * Oeuvre de secours aux enfants
 * OZET
 * Palestinian National and Islamic Forces
 * Palestinophilia
 * Pamyat
 * Pogroms in the Russian Empire of 1880s
 * Pogroms in the Russian Empire of 1900s
 * Pogroms in the Russian Empire of 1910s
 * Prague Trials
 * Proletarian internationalism
 * The Protocols of the Elders of Zion [[Image:Featured_article_star.svg|15px]]
 * Psikhushka
 * Ramban Synagogue [[Image:Symbol opinion vote.svg|15px]]
 * Refusenik (Soviet Union)
 * Righteous Among the Nations
 * Rome and Jerusalem
 * Rootless cosmopolitan
 * Russia and the Arab-Israeli conflict
 * Rwandan Genocide and Aftermath
 * Samizdat
 * Scaif
 * Shanghai ghetto [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|15px]]
 * Shanghai Ghetto (2002 movie)
 * Sharashka
 * Shtadlan, Kahal
 * Social parasitism
 * Sakharov Gardens
 * Southern Syria
 * Soviet people
 * Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict
 * Sovnarkom
 * Special Interrogation Group
 * Targeted killing
 * Tel Hai
 * Timeline of antisemitism
 * Trans-Israel pipeline
 * Tourism in Israel
 * United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights
 * Useful Jew
 * Vaad Leumi
 * Victim of peace
 * The War on Britain's Jews
 * White Paper of 1939
 * Yellow badge
 * Yevsektsiya
 * Yid
 * Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland
 * Zionology

Templates & timelines

 * Hebrewterm
 * History of the Jews in England
 * Infobox Arab-Israeli conflict
 * Israelis
 * Jerusalem
 * Russianterm
 * Timeline of Intifadas
 * Timeline of wars involving Israel
 * WPJewish nav

Images
Here the red color means that the image was removed.
 * Image:1154 world map by Moroccan cartographer al-Idrisi for king Roger of Sicily.jpg
 * Image:1283 Descriptio Terrae Sanctae.jpg
 * Image:1349 burning of Jews-European chronicle on Black Death.jpg
 * Image:14c ed of the Guide for the Perplexed by Maimonides.jpg
 * Image:1524 dictionary by Yuhanna al-Asad and Jacob Mantino Arabic-Hebrew-Latin p alif.jpg
 * Image:1543 On the Jews and Their Lies by Martin Luther.jpg
 * Image:1581 Bunting clover leaf map.jpg
 * Image:1695 Eretz Israel map in Amsterdam Haggada by Abraham Bar-Jacob.jpg
 * Image:1735 Grammar of Hebrew by Judah Monis.jpg
 * Image:1759 map Holy Land and 12 Tribes.jpg
 * Image:1818 letter Jefferson to Mordecai Noah.jpg
 * Image:1819 Hepp-Hepp Riots.jpg
 * Image:1819 Mordecai Noah Travels.jpg
 * Image:1833 certificate Schutzgeld for a Schutzjude.jpg
 * Image:1844 Discourse on the Restoration of the Jews p1.jpg
 * Image:1844 Discourse on the Restoration of the Jews p2.jpg
 * Image:1886 seal Moses Montefiore's land purchase in Jerusalem.jpg
 * Image:1889 French elections Poster for antisemitic candidate Adolf Willette.jpg
 * Image:1890s caricature Dreyfus Le Traitre.jpg
 * Image:1890s winemaking barrel shop in Zikhron Yaakov.jpg
 * Image:1892 Self Emancipation by Birnbaum.jpg
 * Image:18960415 antisemitic political cartoon in Sound Money.jpg
 * Image:18990910 Edouard Drumont and Libre Parole.jpg
 * Image:1900 yalta-gorky and chekhov.jpg
 * Image:1900 yasnaya polyana-gorky and tolstoy.jpg
 * Image:1900s Jerusalem old city.jpg
 * Image:1904 Russian Tsar-Stop your cruel oppression of the Jews-LOC hh0145s.jpg
 * Image:1910s antisemitic flier Andrei Yushchinsky.jpg
 * Image:1912ed TheProtocols by Nilus.jpg
 * Image:1914 Golda in Milwaukee.jpg
 * Image:1915 Dance by Rodchenko.jpg
 * Image:19170704 Riot on Nevsky prosp Petrograd.jpg
 * Image:1918 Lev Kamenev.jpg
 * Image:1918 Private BenGurion volunteer in Jewish Legion.jpg
 * Image:1918 vmayakovsky-lbrik retouched.jpg
 * Image:1919 Subjectless Composition by Rodchenko.jpg
 * Image:1920 International Jew reprint from Dearborn Independent.jpg
 * Image:1920 poster 12000 Jewish soldiers KIA for the fatherland.jpg
 * Image:1920s Rodchenko and Stepanova.jpg
 * Image:19210816 TheTimes exposes TheProtocols as a forgery.jpg
 * Image:1922 Bezbozhnik magazine cover.jpg
 * Image:1923 Bolshevik propaganda train.jpg
 * Image:1923 one-sixth part of the world poster by Rodchenko for film by Dziga Vertov.jpg
 * Image:1924 Alexander Rodchenko in industrial suit by Mikhail Kaufman.jpg
 * Image:1924 Lilya Brik portrait by Rodchenko.jpg
 * Image:1928 LYuB editing film.jpg
 * Image:1929 Shostakovich Meyerhold Mayakovsky Rodchenko rehearsing Klop.jpg
 * Image:1930 Jewish kolkhoz AJJDC 05.jpg
 * Image:1930 Stairway by Rodchenko.jpg
 * Image:1930 Trumpeter by Rodchenko.jpg
 * Image:1933 Belomorkanal Work in the rhythm of orchestra by Rodchenko.jpg
 * Image:1938 Interior of Berlin synagogue after Kristallnacht.jpg
 * Image:1938 Jews arrested during Kristallnacht line up for roll call at Buchenwald.jpg
 * Image:1938 V Burtsev PEZ Proven Forgery.jpg
 * Image:19381011 NYT frontpage Kristallnacht.png
 * Image:1943 Belorussia Jewish resistance group.jpg
 * Image:19430218 shanghai herald ghetto restrictions.jpg
 * Image:1944 Soviet investigators at Babi Yar.jpg
 * Image:1945 HitlerJugend age 13 captured by Americans near Nartinzell.jpg
 * Image:19450420 Hitler 65bd awards HJ Iron Cross.jpg
 * Image:19450715 Buchenwald survivors arrive in Haifa.jpg
 * Image:19460124 Dina Pronicheva testifies during military tribunal in Kiev.jpg
 * Image:1946 Ruth Gruber the1st journalist to enter Trans-Jordan.jpg
 * Image:1948 arab israeli war - May15-June10.jpg
 * Image:1948 arab israeli war - Oct.jpg
 * Image:1948 arab israeli war - Dec22-Jan07.jpg
 * Image:1948 Golda in Moscow crowd.jpg
 * Image:1948 Jerusalem Bevingrad Princess Mary Ave.jpg
 * Image:19480516 PalestinePost Israel is born.jpg
 * Image:19480910 Kremlin Israeli amb Meir hands cert.jpg
 * Image:1958 Sakharov Kurchatov.jpg
 * Image:1967 Six Day War - The Jordan salient.jpg
 * Image:1967 Six Day War - Battle of Golan Heights.jpg
 * Image:19670530 Hussein of Jordan and Nasser of Egypt sign agreement.jpg
 * Image:19730110 Soviet refuseniks demonstrate at MVD.jpg
 * Image:2001 ed The International Jew by Henry Ford.jpg
 * Image:2nd century Hebrew decalogue.jpg
 * Image:2nd century Rome gold goblet shows Jewish ritual objects.jpg
 * Image:Al-Farida, Lebanon pre-1967 war.jpg
 * Image:Altalena off Tel-Aviv beach.jpg
 * Image:Andrei Sinyavsky.jpg
 * Image:Anne Frank the Hollywood photo Oct10 1942.jpg
 * Image:ANT-20.jpg
 * Image:Arch gulag cover.jpg
 * Image:Babel-nkvd-photo.png
 * Image:Bagel of Zion.jpg
 * Image:Bar Kokhba's papyrus.png
 * Image:Bat Zion I want your Old New Land join Jewish regiment.jpg
 * Image:Belomorkanal.png
 * Image:Beria timemag 1101530720 400.jpg
 * Image:Bookcover Brodsky Collected Poems in English.jpg
 * Image:Bookcover Brodsky Trudy i dni.jpg
 * Image:Bookcover The ABC of a Russian Nationalist.jpg
 * Image:Bookcover-1880-Marr-German uber Juden.jpg
 * Image:British checkpoint at Jerusalem-Tel Aviv road.jpg
 * Image:Bukovsky young.jpg
 * Image:Bulla-(belonging) to Berekhyahu-son of Neria-the scribe.jpg
 * Image:C952 map of ash-Sham by Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Istakhri.jpg
 * Image:Chekhov 1898 by Osip Braz.jpg
 * Image:Children in the Holocaust concentration camp liberated by Red Army.jpg
 * Image:Coin issued by Mattathias Antigonus c 40BCE.jpg
 * Image:Collectivization-get-rid-of-kulak.jpg
 * Image:Decalogue parchment by Jekuthiel Sofer 1768.jpg
 * Image:DPs aboard Runnymede Park protest British policies.jpg
 * Image:Dziga Vertov.jpg
 * Image:Eduard kuznetsov poster.jpg
 * Image:Elsa Triolet portrait by Rodchenko.jpg
 * Image:Evgenia ginzburg.jpg
 * Image:Execute 346 Berias letter to Politburo.jpg
 * Image:Execute 346 Stalins resolution.jpg
 * Image:Execute 346 Politburo passes.jpg
 * Image:Fateh-logo.jpg
 * Image:First aliyah BILU in kuffiyeh.jpg
 * Image:Gabriel Riesser 2.jpg
 * Image:Golda working in kibbutz Merhavia1.jpg
 * Image:GPU.jpg
 * Image:Grossmufti-inspecting-ss-recruits.jpg
 * Image:Havlagah bus during 1936-1939 Arab revolt-British Mandate of Palestine.jpg
 * Image:Herzl Yankl Tsam.jpg
 * Image:Himmler to Mufti telegram 1943.png
 * Image:India Israel Locator.png
 * Image:Indians paying tribute to French in Flordia.jpg
 * Image:Isaac Babel.png
 * Image:Isaac Babel writing.jpg
 * Image:Isaac Levitan selfportrait1880.jpg
 * Image:Isaac Levitan Ozero Rus 1900.jpg
 * Image:Isaac Steinberg.jpg
 * Image:Israel and Arab states and Iran map.png
 * Image:Israel and arab states map.png
 * Image:Israel and Arab states map k.png
 * Image:Israel and Arab states map n.png
 * Image:Israel-1948-prestate-stamps-Hebrew-mail.jpg
 * Image:Iudaism bez prikras 63-7.gif
 * Image:JB HQ.jpg
 * Image:JB recruitment poster Salvation and Vengeance.gif
 * Image:JB sleeve patch.jpg
 * Image:JerusalemEmblem.jpg
 * Image:Jewish legion hakotel 1917.jpg
 * Image:Jewish People in the Fight Against Fascism.jpg
 * Image:Kaufman brothers mikhail and david.jpg
 * Image:KKK holocaust a zionist hoax.jpg
 * Image:Krokodil-doc-plot-01-1953.jpg
 * Image:Leon Pinsker.jpg
 * Image:Leningrad Codex Carpet page e.jpg
 * Image:Lev Kopelev.jpg
 * Image:Levitan Sokolniki Autumn 1879.jpg
 * Image:Levitan older.jpg
 * Image:Lillian Wald young in nurse uniform.jpg
 * Image:Lilya-brik.jpg
 * Image:Lina Stern.png
 * Image:LYuB in Chained by film.jpg
 * Image:Maabarah camp city.jpg
 * Image:Maabarah children.jpg
 * Image:Magazine cover Vienna Illustrated.jpg
 * Image:Manuscript page by Maimonides Arabic in Hebrew letters.jpg
 * Image:Map of Jericho in 14c Farhi Bible by Elisha ben Avraham Crescas.jpg
 * Image:Masoleum-gorky kaganovich molotov voroshilov stalin kalinin.jpg
 * Image:Maxim Gorky authographed portrait.jpg
 * Image:Maxim gorky bw.png
 * Image:Maxim litvinov official.jpg
 * Image:Medieval manuscript-Jews identified by rouelle are being burned at stake.jpg
 * Image:Menorah7a.png
 * Image:Mikhail kaufman.jpg
 * Image:Mikhail kaufman on train.jpg
 * Image:Mikhoels and Einstein 1943.jpg
 * Image:Mikhoels at JAC meeting.jpg
 * Image:Mikhoels in January 1948.jpg
 * Image:Mikhoels plays King Lear.jpg
 * Image:Mikhoels with sig.jpg
 * Image:Mikveh Israel first students.jpg
 * Image:Nicholas Poussin Conquest of Jerusalem by Titus.jpg
 * Image:NKVD Mandelstam.jpg
 * Image:Nadezhda mandelshtam.jpg
 * Image:Op Magic Carpet (Yemenites).jpg
 * Image:Orlova bw.jpg
 * Image:Orlova in circus movie 3.jpg
 * Image:Osip Mandelstam.jpg
 * Image:Otpusti narod moi.png
 * Image:Page from Yiddish-Hebrew-Latin-German dictionary by Elijah Levita.jpg
 * Image:Pale of Settlement map.jpg
 * Image:Pamyat-eagle-swastika-150.png
 * Image:Path to happiness is work (Gorky).jpg
 * Image:Pavel Krushevan.jpg
 * Image:Peelmap-a.png
 * Image:PIJ emblem.png
 * Image:Plo emblem.png
 * Image:Pnif-emblem.png
 * Image:Pravda-otsovruk-c.jpg
 * Image:Pro eto by rodchenko.jpg
 * Image:Protocols of the Elders of Zion 1927 Paris Ru emig.jpg
 * Image:Protocols of the Elders of Zion 1943 Poland Poznan.gif
 * Image:Protocols of the Elders of Zion 1992 Russia.jpg
 * Image:Protocols of the Elders of Zion 1997 Syria ed by Ajaj Nuwayhid pubd by Mustafa Tlass's PubHse Damascus.jpg
 * Image:Protocols of the Elders of Zion 2005 Syria al-Awael.jpg
 * Image:Protocols of the Elders of Zion and their Biblical and Talmudic Origins 2003 by Ahmad Hijazi al-Saqa prof Comp Religion Al-Azhar U.jpg
 * Image:Red Army recruitment poster.jpg
 * Image:Rishonleyehuda.jpg
 * Image:Sergei_nilus.jpg
 * Image:Shalamov mono.jpg
 * Image:Sharansky's book Fear No Evil.jpg
 * Image:SimonDubnow old.jpg
 * Image:SimonDubnow.jpg
 * Image:Smoke of chimneys is the breath of Soviet Russia.jpg
 * Image:Sov-mold-aug-27-1971.jpg
 * Image:Soviet Jews participation in WW2.png
 * Image:Stalin-Gorky-Voroshilov.1931.jpg
 * Image:Stamp Ruppin.jpg
 * Image:Stamp Sarah Aaronsohn.jpg
 * Image:Stamp1950-stalinu-za-detstvo.jpg
 * Image:Tishreen-Apr-30-2000.jpg
 * Image:To the trumpeting place.jpg
 * Image:Vgrossman1.jpg
 * Image:Vladimir Burtsev.jpg
 * Image:Vladimir Korolenko bw.jpg
 * Image:Vladimir Korolenko young.jpg
 * Image:Vladimir mayakovsky and lilya brik.jpg
 * Image:Vrachi-timashuk.png
 * Image:Weizmann and feisal 1918.jpg
 * Image:World October revolution poster.jpg
 * Image:Yuli Daniel Letters from Prison bookcover.jpg

title: User:Humus sapiens/contribs


text: User talk:65.94.181.77

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:65.94.181.77


text:
Talk:Celluloid

Manufacture
Surprised to see there doesn't seem to be any detail of it's manufacture. The article would be much more useful if there were. Someone removed manufacture links. I had one to my site lashing guitars where I manufacture celuuloid guitar pickguards. Someone came and deleted it —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.57.201.174 (talk)

 * @24.57.201.174, your site is purely commercial. Wikipedia is not a collection of links. Please read the guidelines for external links. Feel free to wright about manufacturing of celluloid. It has been startet in the Formulation section, but keep commercial interests out. --Langbein Rise (talk) 08:27, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Totally wrong. I manufacture Celluloid items. You are terribly uninformed and ignorant. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.57.201.174 (talk) 04:57, 29 December 2010 (UTC)

(outdent) The article could use more information about manufacture, but as Wikipedia policies & guidelines against spammy linking and other forms of promotion make clear (see WP:EL, WP:SPAM, WP:COI, WP:NOT, etc.), links like that are not the way to do this. — SMcCandlish  Talk⇒ ʕ(Õلō)ˀ  Contribs. 09:08, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

Parkes
I have finished a brief run down on Parkes' creation and failure, and I have added the important part about Spill persuing Hyatt's patenting of their similar product, the judge ruled Parkes as the rtue inventor but he wasn't around to worry about sadly, then again maybe this helped in the U.S. advances that took place after this final court case. See here for my sources. Thanks Nick Boulevard 21:13, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Other categories
This should also be somewhere under one of the polymers categories, possibly this one http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organic_polymers

Xylonite
For many years celluloid was also known as Xylonite through its parallel development on both sides of the Atlantic. I have noted this and linked Xylonite to Celluloid. Ephebi 17:33, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

Henry Merton
I have taken the liberty of removing the incorrectly-formatted, unsourced addition from one "Henry Merton". If this info can be backed up, it may warrent its own section, but please read Manual_of_Style first, especially Manual_of_Style.Phsyron (talk) 20:37, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

Re Hyatt
I've just finished adding some details on Parkes at Alexander Parkes (reference added) and the D'Andrea article (added another source in the discussion section). (Parkes got an English patent #2359 in 1855 for 'parkesine'.) I'd agree that at least some of the stuff in the D'Andrea article belongs here. The 'history' section under the term Plastics is an aching opportunity for improvement. (out of my bailiwick.) ... Parkes is the only subject there! Twang (talk) 08:54, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Celluloid. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100124231926/http://www.dandreapicks.com:80/about.htm to http://www.dandreapicks.com/about.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:02, 29 August 2015 (UTC)

Changes january 2016
I made some changes but did not add referencies since they are not available in english. I am quite familiar with the subject even though and there is no reason to question my adds. More information available in fiinnish at vapaalehdykkä.net. Wrote many sections of the article earlier...88.114.19.78 (talk) 00:22, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Please add the sources, even if they aren't in English. --Junkyardsparkle (talk) 00:37, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Celluloid. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130803122739/http://www.plasticsindustry.org:80/AboutPlastics/content.cfm?ItemNumber=670 to http://www.plasticsindustry.org/AboutPlastics/content.cfm?ItemNumber=670

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:33, 14 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Celluloid. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130105050050/http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/sc22082.htm to http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/sc22082.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:38, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

Production Section Unclear
Article reads "cellulose nitrate has 2.8 molecule of nitrogen per molecule of cellulose", this isn't really meaningful because cellulose is a polymer with arbitrarily large molecules. Even on the monomer level this doesn't really make sense. Better to talk about either ratio of nitogen to carbon, or amount of unreacted hydroxyls remaining e.g. per monomer. 49.178.150.70 (talk) 06:50, 29 October 2021 (UTC)

Underline 45.159.185.246 (talk) 19:23, 17 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Celluloid


text:
Borsheims

Borsheims is a luxury jewelry store that sells fine jewelry, timepieces, engagement rings and home decór in Omaha, Nebraska. In 1870, Norwegian immigrant and silversmith Louis Borsheims founded his independent jewelry business that would later become known as Borsheims. The luxury jewelry retailer began as Brown and Borsheim. In 1907, Louis A. Borsheim sold his interests in Brown and Borsheim, thus began the Omaha staple, Borsheims. The business was sold to Louis Friedman and Simon Gorelick in 1947. In 1950, Louis bought out his brother in law, Simon Gorelick and his son Ike joined the business, who both retained the Borsheims name. In 1980, Ike Friedman bought out his father, Louis. Ike's son Alan and son in law joined the business. In 1985, his other son in law, Donald Yale joined the business. His two daughters, Janis Yale and Susie Cohn also worked in the business.

In 1986, Borsheims moved to the Regency Court Mall. In 1989, investor Warren Buffett purchased a majority of Borsheims stock, making it part of his holding company, Berkshire Hathaway. It was the first of Berkshire Hathaway’s jewelry companies and the business is still part of its portfolio, being also featured in Buffett's letters to shareholders and used for its annual shareholder meeting in Omaha, Nebraska. Donald Yale stayed CEO until 1994, and when he retired, Buffett offered Susan Jacques the job of running the business. Ike Friedman died in 1991 and Donald Yale was named President and CEO. Alan Friedman left the business. Donald Yale served in that post until he retired in 1994. Susan Jacques was named his successor.

Borsheims is now led by Karen Goracke, who became Borsheims president and CEO in 2013. The store maintains an inventory that includes more than 50,000 pieces of jewelry and watches.

It has been the location of Berkshire shareholder-only events held in association with its annual general meeting.

title: Borsheims


text:
Mick Talbot

Michael Talbot (born 11 September 1958) is an English keyboardist. He was a co-founder of the Style Council with Paul Weller, and has also been a member of Dexys Midnight Runners, the Merton Parkas and the Bureau.

Style Council
In 1982, he started working with Paul Weller to form the Style Council, who released their first records in early 1983. Since the break-up of the Style Council in March 1990, Talbot has continued to play with Weller on his solo material. He has also released albums with fellow former Style Council member Steve White, under the name Talbot/White.

He has since begun playing alongside former Style Council bandmate White and former Ocean Colour Scene bass guitar player Damon Minchella, in the jazz/funk band the Players.

Other work and collaborations
Talbot played with late-1970s mod revivalists the Merton Parkas, Dexys Midnight Runners and the Bureau and can be seen in The Bureau's music video for their song "Only for Sheep".

Talbot was a member of Dexys (formerly Dexys Midnight Runners) in 1980 and from 2003 to 2013. Talbot played keyboards in Galliano, on tour with Gene, and on the 1991 Young Disciples album Road to Freedom. Talbot toured the UK in 2009 with Candi Staton.

In 2014, Talbot worked with Wilko Johnson and Roger Daltrey on the collaborative studio album Going Back Home. He also worked with Daltrey and Pete Townshend on their 2014 single release "Be Lucky." and on Pete Williams' album Roughnecks Roustabouts (Basehart Recordings), released in March 2015.

title: Mick Talbot


text:
Lougheed Island

Lougheed Island is one of the uninhabited members of the Queen Elizabeth Islands of the Arctic Archipelago in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It measures 1312 km2 in size. It is relatively isolated compared to other Canadian Arctic islands, and is located in the Arctic Ocean, halfway between Ellef Ringnes Island to the northeast and Melville Island to the southwest. It is part of the Findlay Group.

History
The first known sighting of the island was in 1916 by Vilhjalmur Stefansson, during his Canadian Arctic Expedition.

The island is named for Canadian businessperson and politician James Alexander Lougheed.

On April 14, 1993, Environment Canada revoked a permit issued to Panarctic Oils Ltd. to dispose of 400 tonnes of scrap metal in the ocean off Lougheed Island. The decision was taken in response to concerns expressed by residents of Grise Fiord, Resolute, Arctic Bay and Pond Inlet. Instead of disposing of the material at sea, a research project was initiated to evaluate the environmental impact of stockpiling scrap metal on Lougheed Island.

In 1994, Larry Newitt of the Geological Survey of Canada and Charles Barton of the Australian Geological Survey Organization established a temporary magnetic observatory on Lougheed Island, close to the predicted position of the North Magnetic Pole, in order to monitor short-term fluctuations of the Earth's magnetic field.

title: Lougheed Island


text:
Talk:Star City

Untitled
Star city that have many rides it is found in manila near in the intramuros

title: Talk:Star City


text:
Music in Mordovia

The music of the Republic of Mordovia has a long history.

The Republic of Mordovia is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). Its national anthem is "Šumbrat, Mordovija" (Hail, Mordovia!) by Sergey Kinyakin and Nina Kosheleva, adopted in 1995.

Mordovian folk music has become an inspiration for revivalist work of contemporary groups, such as Toorama and Oyme. Bakich Vidiai is an Erzya pop singer.

Among the traditional Mordvin musical instruments is the puvama, a double-chantered bagpipe.

title: Music in Mordovia


text:
File:Gold embroidery.jpg

A gold embroidery cloth, depicting the Eight Immortals (top)and a Qilin (middle). The Qilin's "eyes" are made of jade. On the bottom left and right corner are Chinese New Year decorations added for the celebration and NOT part of the embroidery.

title: File:Gold embroidery.jpg


text: User talk:82.181.93.83

title: User talk:82.181.93.83


text:
Talk:Stradivarius

Stradivarius listen for yourself
"According to their reputation, the quality of their sound has defied attempts to explain or equal it, though this belief is disputed.[1][2][3] The many blind experiments from 1817[4][5] to as recently as 2014[2][6][1] have found no difference in sound between Stradivari's violins and high-quality violins in comparable style of other makers and periods, nor has acoustic analysis.[7][8]"

'No difference' is disputable, while which one is 'better' is of course subjective. I'm not sure this link belongs in wikipedia but one can quite trivially find comparisons to listen for yourself on youTube, such as this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9e0Tuvitkgs  — Preceding unsigned comment added by CW (talk • contribs) 11:53, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

Modern Strad or Baroque? Re-converted?
Most of the Strads are in the hands of Modern Violin players, and therefore were adapted to modern playing, being substantially modified, mostly in the 19th century. Just a few of them- if any of them- remain in original setups, as baroque violins.

I think that this should be pointed out really well. Also, in the list of known Strads, there should be a column specifying if these instruments are either original, converted to modern instruments, or reconverted into their original baroque setup.

I would like to point out that this is something crucial to know how actually these instruments were conceived. -Francisco

Prices of Strads
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13258256 "An exceptionally well-preserved Stradivarius violin, the Lady Blunt, which fetched $10m at its last sale in 2008, is to be auctioned for charity." "The Lady Blunt set a record price every time it was sold last century." These values seem way bigger han anything currently quoted in the article.2.24.54.216 (talk) 15:21, 2 May 2011 (UTC)

I think this section needs updating. The article says that "the highest price paid for a Stradivarius was £947,500 ($1.6 million) for the "Kreutzer Strad" at Christie's in London, 1998", but just off the top of my head, Joshua Bell sold his 1732 Strad violin for over $2 million and bought the 'Gibson Ex Huberman' Strad for perhaps a little less than $4 million. A quick look at his website seems to confirm this.

NEW YORK - A nearly 300-year-old Stradivarius violin sold Tuesday for more than $3.5 million, shattering the record for the highest amount paid for a musical instrument at auction, Christie's said. The instrument, made in 1707 by Italian violinmaker Antonio Stradivari, sold at Christie's auction house for $3,544,000 after less than five minutes of bidding.

Construction, etc.
The statement	+ -	:"Recent studies indicate that Antonio Stradivari may have used wood from an old cathedral for its construction which might be a reason for its sound quality." +	-	needs explanation (What about the wood from an old cathedral is so special?), and a source--it's definately not common knowledge. — siro χ  o  07:12, May 13, 2005 (UTC)	+
 * To hell with you internet geek-savants. You want all sort of citations, but admit it, you would never read the whole thing through. You foul Wikipedia with your pseudo-literacy. You should limit your vain comments to computer subjects since about 1995, which are the only subjects you can comprehend, due to your lack of liberal arts training. Mea (talk) 01:18, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

-	* Yeah, calls for research. My recollection is that wonderful things happen as wood ages long enuf, changing from a composite material made of fibers bonded to each other to something that at least resembles (and perhaps actually constitutes) a crystalline structure. That may be some help. +	-	: I also think i heard yet another theory recently that involved getting access to wood intended for the Venetian navy when they cancelled a planned expansion:--Jerzy·t 02:44, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * "Recent indicam que Antonio Stradivari pode ter usado a madeira de uma catedral velha para sua constru��o que p�de ser uma raz�o para sua qualidade sadia." necessita a explana��o (o que sobre a madeira de uma catedral velha � assim especial?),  e uma fonte -- n�o � definately conhecimento comum.  [ [ User:Siroxo|]]�< pia batismal color=#627562>siro < pia batismal color=#627562>χ [[Special:Contributions/Siroxo|< pia batismal color=#627562>o ] ] 07:12, maio 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * yeah, chamadas para a pesquisa. Meu recollection � que as coisas maravilhosas acontecem porque a madeira envelhece o enuf longo, mudando de a [ [ material composto ] ] feito das fibras seligaram-se a algo que se assemelha ao menos (e constitui talvez realmente) a uma estrutura cristalina.  Aquela pode ser alguma ajuda:  Eu penso tamb�m que eu me ouvi contudo uma outra teoria recentemente que o acesso come�ando involvido � madeira pretenda para a marinha venetian quando cancelaram uma expans�o de planeamento.  -- [[User:Jerzy|Jerzy ] ]�[ [ usu�rio talk:Jerzy|t ] ] 02:44, 1 junho 2005 (UTC)

 * These naive excursi simply arise from hearsay of the properties of well-aged wood. All the first-rank cabinet-makers of Stradivarius' time had timbers seasoning in covered, ventilated sheds behind their workshops, a major item in inventories. The magical "cathedral" element appears to come from some credulous editor's DRB. --Wetman 23:45, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

The old cathedral wood theory came from a believe that a bell tower structural wood was absorbing vibrations and contributing to the quality of the wood resonance.

please do not remove other people's comments from discussion page. --JeremyLydellHaugen 05:35, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

It was my content that I deleted, and as there is no system of authority in the artisan fields, there aren't any references. I can tell you the names of some respected luthiers who know the principle as a fact, but I'm sure that wouldn't be enough. Which is why this information stays esoteric, and is why I removed my entry. - Uvirith

please do not remove other people's comments from discussion page. Also I would say the larger goal of projects like Wikipedia are the elimination of the unknown and of esoteric knowledge, so deleting info of this type is unacceptable in this fourum. Further, I'm restoring the last deleted section, although I would like some references to back up the assertions made (studies, etc.) --JeremyLydellHaugen 03:40, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Davidov cello
Re Davidov I gots no source & i won't make the change even to "being played by", but i'm pretty sure (even if i may have originated the wording "owned by") that i recently heard Ma has it on indefinite loan, i suppose from her estate. (I think what i heard also said he usually chooses a custom made modern instrument over it.) --Jerzy·t 02:44, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * the article is correct as it is, everything I read suggests she left it to Yo Yo Ma who now owns it. Paradiso 08:34, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I might add that Yo-Yo Ma uses the Davidov in slightly modified form as his Baroque cello. His main cello is a 1733 Montagnana. --JeremyLydellHaugen 05:43, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Removed entry
re: Joban-Horsteiner-Stradivarius. A German made violin built almost 100 years after Antonio Stradivari's death is outside the scope of true Strads. I have removed the reference. Listed instruments should be confined to Stradivarius instruments made during the lifetime of Antonio Stradivari by AS in Cremona, Italy (or in later years with help from his sons Francesco and Omobono). --JeremyLydellHaugen 05:40, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Verfiability and Citations
Currently, this page's ranking is about 0% on the verifiability scale. While it's somewhat common knowledge that there are really nice old musical instruments called Stradivarius in existence, practically everything else included in the article is not. A vast majority of the listed extant instruments link to empty pages (where no citations will be found) and we have only the word of the editor who included them to document that these instruments do, indeed, exist. This simply isn't acceptable. Tomorrow I will remove any instruments which link to empty pages since they aren't supported with citations, and will then remove any who do have individual pages which don't include citations. They can be added back in once citations are available. Freaking Wonderful 18:34, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

The bulk of links on the Stradivarius page are placeholder links based on a common naming scheme for Strad instruments. To say the least, creating linked pages for almost 700 or so odd Stradivari instruments is a heddy job. Some of the instruments link to specific external articles regarding some piece of trivia regarding the instrument, but the bulk of them are just yet-unwritten internal wikipedia links. Adequate proof of most of these instruments existence can be easily found (  for example lists 682 - which often includes photos and a list of prior owners), especially when associated with a current musician. All the instruments that I have personally made notes on do indeed exist. While I certainly would not mind removing links on instruments that do not yet have any internal wikipedia page, to delete anything that doesn't currently have an external link seems extreme. --JeremyLydellHaugen 19:48, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Removing red links is fine but there is no reason to delete instruments. I'll put the cozio.com link at the bottom of the article, it helps with verifiability. Paradiso 03:13, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

Is it just me or does the detailed theories and reproduction attempts section sound like they came from a paper someone written for class? The style of writing doesn't feel like it was written for an encyclopedic medium. It also utilizes the first person.129.21.189.174 19:16, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Violin materials
The two references I added contain information on the type of wood used. The National Geographic article states Stradivari used violins built from spruce wood contemporary to his lifetime, while the Physics Web article says: ''The front plate of the violin is carved from a solid block of fine-grained pine. Maple is usually used for the back plate and pine for the sides.'', which seems to distinguish them. If Strads are or were indeed distinctive in this way, it should be pointed out. The Wiki article says that the top is usually spruce, so perhaps the Physics Web article stumbled on this (though it won an award from the Acoustical Society of America). I am happy to defer to experts who can sort this out. --Blainster 17:26, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

I'll agree that a section of information on materials is a good idea, but there seems to be a lot of conjecture and rumor about Strad instrument materials, almost to the degree of myth. It would seem that AS used many woods for his instruments (spruce, maple, pine, poplar), and there is no definitive commonality between all of them, and so the section would have to reflect that. Comments on the varnish, workmanship, etc. would also be useful. Modern instruments are much the same way, most, but not all being a spruce top and maple back and sides. I wouldan expert on the subject should be asked to contribute, and that most certainly is not me. In the meantime, perhaps links at the bottom to the two articles you mention... --JeremyLydellHaugen 21:54, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

harps
if Stradivarius never made any harps, then why is there even a section about it? I see no reason to have the "harps" section in the main article and am requesting it be removed. i will check back here in 5 days and see if anyone objects to having the section removed. Osmo250 04:03, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Antonio Stradivari made A SINGLE harp in his lifetime. He did make ONE (at least if the source material is accurate). There's even an external reference listed, which leads to this quote: "Stradivarius made over 1,000 instruments, 600 of which are known to have survived, including two guitars and a very ornamental harp.". That's why the section is there. --JeremyLydellHaugen 07:35, 5 January 2006 (UTC)
 * ok, thanks for the reply. when i made the post, all that was said in the harps section is that he never made one, thats why i wanted it removed.Osmo250 01:51, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I added a foot-note on the single Strad harp. It is in the Naples music conservatory. I have a photo of it. Not quite sure where to load it. Jeffmatt 06:02, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Another stradivarius
It appears a violin by Stradivari has been found in the hungarian city of Debrecen, which was left in a cellar by a jewish musician before he was taken to the WWII eastern front for slave labour, where he was killed. His grandson found it a month ago. Many are skeptic of this.

http://groups.google.co.cr/group/rec.music.makers.bowed-strings/browse_thread/thread/2724938b21d67b62/844169537ae4eed0?hl=es#844169537ae4eed0

213.178.103.162 12:08, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

 * That violin is said to have been made in 1727. It is claimed the great grandfather of the family, a violinist himself, became a POW in the WWI, where his russian captor gave him this violin from war loot to him, so he can amuse the prison camp guards. He was able to return with the violin to Hungary during the turmoil of russian bolshevik revolution and white-red civil war. It is said the violin was recently authenticated also by a certain Bela Szabo living in the Uzhgorod region of Ukraine, he is a elderly master violin maker who has already restored two confirmed Stradivariuses, one in 1963 and other in the late 1970's, so he should know the issue. 213.178.103.162 12:17, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

I remember seeing a Stradivarius violin named Elphinstone, but I do not see it on the list. Is this violin not a real Strad?

Red links
Is there a good reason to have so many red links to articles for individual instruments? Might we at least thin the ranks to those that are likely to be created soon (or are of particular importance and ought to be created)? —ptk✰fgs 12:48, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

One in particular looks incorrect, Jhon Paul Reynols, under Daniel (1713), would appear to be spelled incorrectly. Before I changed it, I wanted to know what it should be changed to or if the link should be removed. Tannermyoung (talk) 19:52, 7 August 2009 (UTC)

Known Missing/Destroyed Strads
Both the instruments of Thibaud and Neveu were destroyed in known air crashes; maybe there should be a section for strads confirmed lost forever. (Anon)

Lord Dunn-Raven?
Sure sounds like Lord Dunraven to me. (America's Cup trivia runs in my family.) --Wetman 09:16, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Antonio with no cirumflex
Antonio has no circumflex in Italian, thus it should be corrected.

One unsourced sentence not enough
I will make this as brief as possible: One sentence does not explain a disputed and deep scientific theory about how he may have made his violins. Take a look at the following websites, and tell me where somebody gets the power to write off this complex theory with one completely basic, weak, and unsupported claim: http://www.primidi.com/2003/12/06.html http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/biology/b103/f03/web3/s1kim.html

What about the fact that you would not build them the way Stradivarius did? From what I have heard there was virtually no sanding but rather many repetitions of shaving and planing the wood with successively smaller tools. When I prune bushes around my house, I use only manual instruments. Therefore you could attempt to copy how I prune a bush, once you see exactly what I have done. But when you do one on your own, your approach will be based on the tools you are using. Mea (talk) 01:06, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

List merge
Much of the content in the list in this article overlaps the list in Antonio Stradivari. Anybody want to attempt a section merge? If not, I can do it, but somebody might be planning on reworking the list anyway. — atchius (msg) 21:41, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I think a separate page "List of Stradivarius violins" is appropriate here, since there are so many. ALTON   .ıl  01:26, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The two lists are overwhelmingly similar, and maintenance of two separate lists is an unnecessary duplication of effort. I would support the creation of a separate page titled "List of Stradivarius intruments".  On a separate note, the design of the table in Antonio_Stradivari is more visually appealing. +  A.0u  01:44, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the two lists should be merged onto this page (Stradivarius). The layout should be redone as a table for clarity (as on the Antonio Stradivari page). Columns should include 'Instrument' 'Year' 'Current Owner/Current Player' and 'Notes' All instruments that do not already have an individual entry (those with 'dead' links) should have the links removed. Great stress should be put on making sure there is verifiable citations where they exist, and an overall progress in getting outside citations for all instruments should be made. Instruments should be grouped by type and then sorted by year of manufacture first and name second. All references to 'The' can be removed (except with a titled as opposed to named Strad - 'The Lady Tennant' strad for example is probably better rendered as that full title. Any reference in the name to Stradivarius can be assumed and dropped. Any 'ex' at the beginning of the name (where it is the only name associated with the instrument) can be assumed and dropped (but left on where there are two or more names associated with it, as in Gibson ex Huberman). Biography of Antonio Stradivari should be largely confined to his bio page and the list and history of his instruments should belong on the Stradivarius page. Quotes in names should be eliminated. Internal wiki links on the year entry can be dropped. --JeremyLydellHaugen 23:29, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Removed "Airwolf" trivia
I removed the following trivia about the show "Airwolf":

"The fictional character of Stringfellow Hawke serenaded eagles with his Stradivarius cello in the TV series Airwolf."

This sentence felt tacked on to its paragraph, and is niether relevant or significant but quite possible the dumbest trivia I have ever read. Thanks for taking a part of my life that I will never have back.

Found Stradivarius
My grandmother is in the possession of a Stradivarius not in the best of conditions, I checked and inside the violin is a Stradivarius label. Who, where, and how can I verify if the violin is authentic or a copy?

Sharain Jones

Thanks

There is a modern instrument brand named 'Stradivarius'. Most likely, that is all it is, especially if it has a label on the inside. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 153.91.70.187 (talk) 15:42, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

One to add
1727 “Vesuvius” (or “Vesuvio”) ex Brosa, left by Remo Lauricella to the comune di Cremona and now in the collection “Gli Archi di Palazzo Comunale”.

A good bit more on the violin and its owners at http://www.arteliutaria.it/article_lauricella_page_1.shtml (and the three pages following; text in both English and Italian). Cozio.com page is. I’d add it myself, of course, but I am not quite sure how the table is intended to work.

Incidentally, does anyone know what relation Cozio the collector was to Carlo Cozio (also count of Salabue) the chess player? —Ian Spackman 21:18, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Goddard and Lauterbach violins
I am concerned that hoaxes may have been inserted in the article. I have no expertise on the subject, so I'm reluctant to take action myself. I am referring to: --Atavi 14:24, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) Edits  and :this is highly likely to be a hoax.
 * 2) Edit : This would be a very elaborate hoax. I have also found a page through google: where ostensibly the same person John A. Thornton claims to be in possession of the violin and presents some history. See also:

The (2) edit seems plausible. There is evidence that such a violin was owned by Henryk Grohman.--Atavi 15:03, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

If you lack the experience or knowledge to question my edits, then please leave them alone! I'm not familiar with all this "computer language": - Anyone who can help me with instructions as to how I may post photographs of archival documents relating to the research I've conducted and other available information, I will be more than happy to provide it. This ongoing effort to locate and recover lost, stolen, or missing violins is NOT a hoax. If I were trying to perpetrate a hoax or insert dis-information in this archive, I most certainly would not sign my name to it.

```` —Preceding unsigned comment added by JohnAThornton (talk • contribs) 09:26, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi JohnAThornton. As I've said on your talk, I'm going to seek help on your behalf.--Atavi (talk) 11:19, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I am now completely convinced that John A. Thornton has acted in good faith in adding the information about the Lauterbach Stradivarius. Per the above policy I should have assumed so. Citations and documents are still needed of course.--Atavi (talk) 11:44, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I am baffled by this forum topic.--Atavi (talk) 13:55, 24 November 2007 (UTC)
 * And this one. John Thornton is stradivari1719.--Atavi (talk) 14:27, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

I think John Thornton is trying to perpetrate fraud by claiming to "own" the Lauterbach Stradivari (he is known to sell violins). Let's think about this a second... if the provenance in the article is correct, why would anyone claim to have this violin is his/her possession? If the verifiable chain of custody goes from a Polish museum, to a Nazi officer who "stole" it, doesn't mere possession of this violin amount to "receiving stolen property"? Thus the claim to "own" it is *highly* suspect. John Thornton has been banned from at least four violin forums (at least that's what Google knows about!) and seems to be a crackpot, never being able to supply any documentation on the history or provenance of violins he claims to have discovered. —Preceding unsigned comment added by IMSA Dude (talk • contribs) 21:48, 22 June 2008 (UTC) --- Edit: Friday, May 25, 2012: To Mr. "Unsigned" - from John A. Thornton. There is a huge difference between what "you think" and what I know to be factual information, gleaned through hard nosed research into every available microfilm document pertaining to the subject, in the OMGUS archives, dating from WWII and afterwards. John A. Thornton, Brewton, Alabama. --- I am most certainly not trying to perpetrate a hoax regarding the 1719 Stradivari I personally identified during the last week of December, 2004 and physically recovered, taking possession on Jan. 7, 2005. I cannot prove beyond a reasonable doubt that this particular violin is the "Lauterbach", but no one can prove it isn't. No living violin dealer has ever seen the "Lauterbach" Stradivarius and there are no "known" photographs of it, according to James Warren, a violin dealer in Chicago, Ill. I know this for a fact through a telephone conversation I had with Mr. Warren in 2007. In fact on August 17, 2007, William M. Townsend, an internationally known Violin~Maker and chairman of the Amati Foundation visited me that he might see the violin with his own eyes as well as a 1741 Guarneri del Gesu that I also identified and recovered in 2006. (The 1741 Guarneri del Gesu has now been certified as authentic by Mr. Gerard Murphy, Atelierviolins, Bushey, U.K.) That said, rest assured I am by no means a hoaxster but a serious minded collector and connisseur dedicated to finding and recovering lost, missing, and stolen 18th century Cremonese Italian violins. JohnAThornton (talk) 08:30, 26 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Assuming the above to be true, would it not constitute "original research", which Wikipedia works so diligently to exclude from its pages? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.95.43.249 (talk) 22:53, 17 April 2014 (UTC)

Andre Rieu
Andre Rieu claims to perform with a 1667 violin made by Antonio Stradivarius. This isn't reflected in this article.

http://www.andrerieu.com/site/index.php?id=music-violin

24.128.237.232 (talk) 22:22, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I am not sure the article absolutely needs to have this piece of information, especially since it's not complete, i.e. we only know the current owner and the date of manufacturing and not much else.--Atavi (talk) 12:00, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

San Lorenzo
Sorry, I don't know how to edit the table- the news reports that David Garrett damaged the San Lorenzo Strad have now changed - it was in fact a Guadagnini, so somebody should take that out. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.30.249.139 (talk) 14:39, 15 February 2008 (UTC) Also, the article links to the wrong David Garrett —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.30.249.139 (talk) 16:11, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Corrected. Thank you for pointing it out. Oda Mari (talk) 17:02, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

Akiko Meyers and the Royal Spanish
This past weekend, Akiko Meyers played her strad here in San Diego and they both did quite well. From her website: In 2005 Anne was fortunate to acquire the "Royal Spanish" violin made in 1730 by the legendary Italian maker Antonio Stradivari. The "Royal Spanish" earned its name because it previously belonged to the King of Spain. Shouldn't it be on the list? 207.167.97.18 (talk) 22:59, 25 February 2008 (UTC)mike207.167.97.18 (talk) 22:59, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:Stradivarii
Category:Stradivarii has been nominated for renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. –

The question at this point is whether it should be or. Your input would be much appreciated. Cgingold (talk) 02:41, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

Need Information About My violin
I have my violin since the age of 10 years old. The violin has a lable inside that reads "antonius stradivarius cremonensis faciebat anno 1713, made in czechoslovakia." On the corner left side of the lable it has a loin with its pews on a shield, on the bottom lignalone, St 103-6418. I need information about my violin.

Thanks Mornstarjdh (talk) 06:22, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Another Strad
Recently attended a concert by the Perlman Music Program at Metropolitan Museum of Art. In the bio for Kristin Lee, currently studying at Juilliard, it states she "is currently playing on a 1697 Antonio Stradivarius through the generous support of the Juilliard School." There are no 1697's listed in the article.

--74.73.140.216 (talk) 03:26, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

1723 Antonio Stradivari "Ex-Keisewetter"

 * Virtuoso to play, thanks to driver who returned $4M violin. Ling.Nut (talk) 02:56, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Joseph Nagyvary
This section has been moved to Mr. Nagyvary's page, since it is about him and his experiments, which have been controversial within the musical/lutherie community and have been rebuked. Makers who are indeed getting much praise for their modern instruments are Samuel Zygmuntowicz, Stefan-Peter Greiner, Joseph Curtin and Gregg Alf to name a few. These makers are also involved in intensive scientific research of old instruments.

" Texas A&M University biochemist Joseph Nagyvary succeeded in making a violin somewhere near the quality of a Stradivari by leaving the wood to soak in brine. Because of the lack of land in Venice, during that period imported wood was often stored in the seawater of the Venetian Lagoon, where a type of decomposition had a slight effect on the wood. Nagyvary managed to acquire wood shavings from a Stradivarius violin, and under a microscope he found the natural filter plates in the pores between the tracheids were gone. He also treated the wood with a preparation of borax in the manner of Stradivari, who used it to prevent infestation.

By late 2003, Nagyvary refined his techniques and produced a violin that was tested in a duel with the Leonardo da Vinci of 1725, an instrument not from Stradivari’s golden period. Both violins were played in each of four selections of music by violinist Dalibor Karvay behind a screen to an audience of 600 attended by 160 trained musicians and 303 regular concert goers. This was the first public comparison of a Stradivari with a contemporary instrument before a large audience where the audience would cast ballots on the performance quality of each violin. The consensus was that Nagyvary's instrument surpassed the Stradivarius in each category by a small margin. "  Milliot (talk) 20:13, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Edvin Marton
The Stradivarius on loan to Edvin Marton is billed as a "1697 Stradivarius" on loan from a "Swiss Bank". Since Marton and his Strad are involved in the winning song "Believe" in the 2008 Eurovision contest— a Strad makes everything so tasteful— shouldn't we identify the Strad in question— "it was actually played by Paganini over 300 years ago" says Marton here (hmm)— in the table of this article?--Wetman (talk) 05:21, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

Footnoted quotes
I was interested to see that a, which made a number of improvements to the article, also removed the quotes from three citations in the entry for the Artot-Alard violin (1728). The sources and quotes were added by me in a series of.

Although such an alteration would not normally concern me unduly, there are some considerations that might not be immediately apparent from the edit history. It may therefore help if I try to explain some of the circumstances and reasoning involved at the time I made the edits.

Background to Artot-Alard revisions
The revisions were made in response to a previous edit by 83.61.219.190, which stated that the Artot-Alard was owned by one "Louis Von Spencer IV". The claim was unsourced, and a web search for that name (even without the "IV") yielded only a couple of references to a facebook user.

The Artot-Alard entry at Cozio.com gives "Andre Balogh" as the name of the current owner and player. This information might normally have been enough to run with, but I was conscious of directly contradicting a fellow editor's statement, and felt that any supporting citation(s) should be reasonably watertight. I was also somewhat troubled that most of the top Google hits referred to André Balogh, the professor of space physics—with only a handful of matches relating to violins. After some further digging, it eventually became evident that the first name of Balogh (the musician) is actually Endre.

Nevertheless, Cozio seems a reputable source for this kind of information, and the linked entry was retained as an initial source. Additional citations were sought, however, to indicate that our use of the name "Endre" was not erroneous—and that Cozio's Balogh was the same as ours. On locating a couple of decent supplementary sources (one identifying the owner, the other confirming him as the current player), I realised that the story they told was probably of sufficient interest to warrant a mention in the Notes column. (It could even be used to help expand the Artot-Alard Stradivarius stub, should anyone have some time on their hands...)

Supplementing citations with quotes
Given the possibility that my revisions might result in some kind of dispute, I assumed the burden of evidence to help readers find the text supporting the statements made, and included direct quotes from the sources. Even without the potential for disagreement, I believe there were other good reasons for using quoted material:

 * While the Cozio entry is from a generally reliable source, the name of the owner/player does not fully match that in the Wikipedia article. Without some form of acknowledgement of this, a casual observer might be forgiven for assuming an error, either typographical or citational, on our part. To avoid this, the quote was presented in a way that discreetly indicated our awareness of the difference.

 * The linked feature story "The Mysterious Technology of the Violin" was initially added to confirm Endre Balogh's ownership. It's a sizeable piece of about 32 KB that might, were it a Wikipedia article, begin to raise readability and technical issues. With such a large body of text, the inclusion of a relevant quote to help readers locate a particular passage seemed reasonable.

 * The final citation links to Balogh's illustrated piece, "Will The Real Stradivarius Please Play An A?" This supports the story from the preceding source, and confirms the owner's player status. The quote focuses briefly on the similarity between the original and replica instruments, and points to Balogh as the current player of them both. Like the other quotes, it was intended to highlight the relevance of the citation in relation to the referenced statements.

To quote, or not to quote?
I hope the above helps to clarify why, after due consideration, I included quotes with the citations in question—and why I still feel they should be retained.

I'm aware of legitimate concerns over, and agree that care should be taken to avoid the inclusion of extraneous text, the gratuitous bloating of reference sections, and the risk of copyright violations. On the other hand, I believe that relevant, carefully selected, and judiciously edited quotes can reinforce citations and enhance their overall usefulness. The trick, as ever, is in finding the right balance.

Since my revisions were introduced with these points in mind, I'm a little puzzled by the removal of the quotes. I was unable to find any discussion here to suggest some earlier consensus on citation formats, and have not managed to deduce a reason from the edit summary. No matter. I'm sure none of this should be a major issue, anyway—and the situation may just be the result of a misunderstanding. I'm therefore restoring the quotes on the basis of the rationale described above.

My apologies for the rather long-winded explanation. If I've missed or misinterpreted anything, please feel free to set me straight.

Thanks. --Error -128 (talk) 23:22, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

 * wow...lot's of words. i can boil my response down to just a few sentences. it's basically duplicating information, creating a redundant repository for information that already exists. the article is already dreadfully slow to load--not everyone has t1 internet access--and it really doesn't add any legitimacy to the claim, particularly since one must still click through to validate whether or not the quote is accurate. in an article that basically amounts to a 'list'--one of the lowest categories of articles in wikidom--each line item is not intended substitute for an article. if there's more than a couple points to make, either 1) include the data in the article already created for the instrument (particularly so with the alard-artot), or 2) create a new page and include all the details you can find. cheers --emerson7 05:50, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, I take your point about the size of the article and its list status. (Editing the long list of violins alone can be a somewhat cumbersome process.) I also appreciate that a link must still be followed for verification—even though I maintain that a brief, carefully selected quote can sometimes provide a useful, at-a-glance snippet that points to relevant content (particularly in controversial cases, or when the link connects to a sizeable article).

 * In view of the constraints here, the Artot-Alard article probably is, as you suggest, a more appropriate place for this more detailed information. The stub is sorely in need of fleshing out anyway, and the story about the replication of the instrument is an interesting one. Commitments elsewhere generally preclude any prolific editing on my part, but I'll endeavour to have a crack at the article as time permits (assuming nobody else gets there first)...

 * Thanks for the explanation, and for the speedy response. --Error -128 (talk) 13:16, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

Ex-cess
Simple question. Why do many of the instruments have "ex-" as part of their soubriquet? What does it mean? 91.105.14.40 (talk) 20:24, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

This indicates a subsequent or other owner/user/name association. These instruments have been passed down over generations, with multiple musicians and collectors possessing them. If the owner is noteworthy, the name is appended to the most common name used to identify the instrument. --JeremyLydellHaugen (talk) 22:19, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Should "Stradivarius Myth" be included?
Should "psychoacoustics" be mentioned as a possible explanation for the unique sound of Stradivarius violins? Here are some possible references: Telegraph article, Reader's Digest and Forbes article mentioned here, and this radio interview. There may be more, I just saw one and then took the other two from the top two google links. --Bescoto (talk) 04:31, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I added the Telegraph article (which I should have done earlier). The second one has an off-putting polemical quality, and I don't have the patience to listen to radio interviews unless I'm in my car, but maybe the third one should go in.  —JerryFriedman  (Talk) 04:15, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

Martinelli-Gingold
The Martinelli-Josef Gingold violin (1683) is lent to the winner of the Indianapolis Competition: it should be listed by someone more competent than I.--Wetman (talk) 14:21, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

"Age of instrument" hypothesis
I have always heard that one reason Stradivarius' are so highly valued is that the sound of any good violin improves as they age. There are many reasons suggested for this. I don't know if this is true, but it seems to be widely believed, and should probably be included among the hypotheses for the quality of the sound. Does anyone have a reference? —MiguelMunoz (talk) 01:23, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

1732 "Baillot"
Just added the "Baillot" of 1732, which is under ownership of Fondazione Casa di Risparmio in Bologna, Italy. I took this information from the liner notes of Giuliano Carmignola and Viktoria Mullova's Vivaldi double violin concertos CD from last year. I'm not sure who to reference as the author of the booklet (the overall booklet, not the booklet's essay, which was written by Linsday Kemp), so I used the booklet editor's name: Eva Zollner. Mikenike504 (talk) 05:08, 15 April 2009 (UTC) I need information about my violin.

I have a violin since my father past away in 2001. The violin has a lable inside that reads "antonius stradivarius cremonensis faciebat anno 1713, made in Italy. I need information about my violin still in a very good conditions. Who, where, and how can I verify if the violin is authentic or a copy?  Thank you.

Intro
shouldn't the intro in some way mention that it is a violin, and not some unique instrument called the Stradivarius? 188.176.142.95 (talk) 09:12, 22 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Probably. I just changed it. —JerryFriedman  (Talk) 15:26, 22 December 2009 (UTC)

Wood density
At different points in the article it talks about violins having exceptional sound quality because the wood used for their construction is either high density or low density. This obviously seems a little counterintuitive. Can somebody confirm this is correct? –CWenger (talk) 02:34, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Good point. High density, low density, or consistent density.  Maybe the real question is the one brought up by Badger Drink: How much discussion of the reasons for Strads' superiority should the article have when the evidence suggests they're not superior? —JerryFriedman  (Talk) 03:36, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

Stradivarius museum
The following text was removed from Violin. It may be useful in this article: - Stradivari has his own museum in which it was named after him, the Stradivarius Museum which is located in Cremona, Italy.

The history of the Stradivarian Museum began in 1893, the year in which the town of Cremona accepted Giovanni Battista Cerani's donation of moulds, patterns and various tools that had belonged to Cremonese violin makers, including some of Antonio Stradivari's. But the most significant part of the Museum is represented by the artefacts originating from the collection of Ignazio Alessandro Cozio, Count of Salabue. Born in 1755, he is considered to be the first great violin making scholar. Purchasing what remained of Stradivari's workshop, Alessandro Cozio was able to foster the great interest he had always shown in violin making and he soon became a personage of rare competence on the subject. The Salabue Collection, composed of wooden moulds, paper patterns and various tools which had been used for the construction of violins, violas, cellos and other instruments, was finally sold in 1920 by the last heir to Cozio, the Marchioness Paola Dalla Valle del Pomaro, to the Bolognese violin maker Giuseppe Fiorini for the sum of 100,000 lire. Fiorini was faced with numerous difficulties in trying to set up an Italian school of violin making which could avail itself of this precious material. After several attempts in different Italian towns, Giuseppe Fiorini donated the entire collection of artefacts emanating from the great Cremonese violin maker to Cremona's Municipal Museum in April 1930. On 26 October 1930 the senator Alfredo Rocco, at that time Minister of Justice, inaugurated the Stradivarian Room in the Palazzo Affaitati, that had only recently become the seat of the Muncipal Museums, where the Salabue- Fiorini Collection was exhibited together with the items from the previous donations. After moving from its original location to the Palazzo dell'Arte, the Stradivarian Museum returned to the Palazzo Affaitati, only to be transferred to the rooms once occupied by the State Archives in Via Palestro in 1979. Since 13 December 2001 the Museum has been definitively housed in the noble, eighteenth-century rooms of the Palazzo Affaitati. The Museum is organised in three sections: • an itinerary that explains the construction of a contralto viola in accordance with the tradition of the classical Cremonese school; the equipment for the contralto viola of 1690 was chosen for this first section, as it is one of the most complete sets among those kept within the museum; the itinerary has also been studied and organised for the blind and those with poor eyesight; • the group of instruments which represents mainly Italian violin makers active from the second half of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century; • the Salabue-Fiorini Collection, displayed in sixteen showcases containing 710 artefacts, originating from the workshop of Antonio Stradivari.

ref
-

Blind tests
The statement about blind tests may contradict the article on blind tests which says one of the earliest suggestions that blind tests would be valuable came in the second half of the 19th Century. Were tests done in the first half of the 19th Century proper blind tests? None of this invalidates the suggestion that Stradivarius violins don't have unique sound quality. Proxima Centauri (talk) 07:48, 16 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Your comparing wiki text to wiki text. Dont trust wiki; spend time looking up any sources you can find, form an openion an change whichever article as needed. Ceoil  07:53, 16 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I've removed the citeneeded tag, as the year 1817 is in the citation given. Since the specific date, the more likely explanation was that the editors of the Blind Experiment article didn't happen to know about the 1817 Strad test or didn't think it was worth mentioning (thus "one of the earliest").  Nonetheless, I agree with Ceoil that the thing for you to do was a little research before editing articles on the basis of the most likely explanation or anything else.
 * Following up the citation in the article, I searched Google Books for "violin 1817 French Academy" and found this. I'll use it to improve this article and Blind_experiment "real soon now", unless someone else does or finds a better source or whatever.  So I'm glad you brought this up. —JerryFriedman  (Talk) 15:49, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

Removed text on Westerlund
The following text was cited only to an e-mail on the violin maker's own Web site. I don't think we should use sources like that. A quick google didn't turn up any independent source.

 * A blind test in 2011 in New York with 21 instruments including 4 Stradivarius put a modern Stradivarius copy by Peter Westerlund as the winner.

—JerryFriedman (Talk) 04:30, 28 December 2011 (UTC)

recent anon edit reverted
Diff There are too many difficulties with these edits to make it worth while attempting to fix them in place. For one thing,
 * "The varnish. Many violin makers, luthier, say varnish is essential to the beauty of a violin, and the secrets of the varnish are jealously guarded. Luthier swear by oil-based varnishes. However, oil penetrates deep into wood, dries, becomes gummy and can dampen down the vibrations."

shows complete ignorance of the varnishing systems used on violins. Cooked oil/resin varnishes are applied over sealer and ground layers which prevent the oil from penetrating the wood.

Unencyclopedic tone ("tickle the ear and brain with their flickering, transient change") and possible copyvio ("© 2000 Discover magazine") are other problems with the reverted blocks of text. __ Just plain Bill (talk) 00:34, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

Inconsistent/Contradictory Information
The Construction section states: "A recent study in PLOS ONE[4] found no significant differences in median densities between modern and classical violins, or between classical violins from different origins; instead the survey of several modern and classical examples of violins highlighted a notable distinction when comparing density differentials. These results suggest that differences in density differentials in the material may have played a significant role in the sound production of classical violins."

This is confusing. It says first that "no significant differences in density" were found between classical and modern instrument. Then is says that there was a "notable distinction" between the two groups of instrument when comparing "density differentials". There is no explanation of how "differences in density" denote something distinct from "density differentials". They sound like the same thing. If these are technical terms with distinct meanings, then the terms either need to be explained in the article, or more simply graspable colloquial/lay terms should be substituted.

The problem is compounded in the Theories and Reproduction Attempts section, which states" "researchers announced further evidence that wood density caused the claimed high quality of these instruments", and then goes on to cite the SAME STUDY as in the Construction section -- which earlier was cited as indicating that there were NO significant differences in density.   If "density differential" is indeed a different quailty than "difference in density", then the term "density differential"  needs to be used in both sections, else the information in the each section contradicts the other.

In any case, this needs to be cleaned up and/or clarified.

Haselfichte (bear claw, abete maschiatto)
I just reverted a good-faith edit which claimed "The spruce used was a particular form of spruce called haselfichte...", unsupported by WP:RS citation. Some Stradivari violins show this figure in the top wood, but not all. Michael Darnton, a respected Chicago luthier, has written that "this figure is favored by the Germans, but not the old Italians, which I don't consider to be a good sign." The first page of that Maestronet thread shows some images of spruce with bearclaw figure, if anyone wants to see what it looks like. Just plain Bill (talk) 23:24, 21 May 2016 (UTC)

Recently added reference: "Distillations"
I am a bit uncomfortable with this source: "Distillations". It is a somewhat lengthy article; it would be nice if brief quotes could be included, showing where and how the article supports the encyclopedia's text. Of more concern to me is that it seems to be written for a popular audience, motivated by the story of the Ames Strad stolen from Roman Totenberg. The author seems to have done a fair amount of diligent interviewing and research, but his condensation or paraphrasing of some technical matters contains a few rookie-level simplifications which make me wonder if this source is suitable as a reference for this article. Just plain Bill (talk) 18:19, 14 June 2018 (UTC)

Varnish
The seasoned woods may have been varnished with a mix of warm linseed oil and honeybee's wax (candle wax), with some coloring added from beetroots, grapes and carrots. The sound is always good. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Philotrio (talk • contribs) 01:45, 23 March 2023 (UTC)

Wrong article linked for German language
Selecting the German language for this article from the English version, it links to a subsection on the article on Antonio Stradivari. This would be the correct article to link: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stradivari_(Musikinstrument) 84.57.69.250 (talk) 22:27, 19 February 2024 (UTC)

 * . –CWenger ( ^ •  @ ) 14:32, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stradivarius


text: User talk:69.197.202.117

title: User talk:69.197.202.117


text:
Hyperbolic motion (relativity)

Hyperbolic motion is the motion of an object with constant proper acceleration in special relativity. It is called hyperbolic motion because the equation describing the path of the object through spacetime is a hyperbola, as can be seen when graphed on a Minkowski diagram whose coordinates represent a suitable inertial (non-accelerated) frame. This motion has several interesting features, among them that it is possible to outrun a photon if given a sufficient head start, as may be concluded from the diagram.

History
Hermann Minkowski (1908) showed the relation between a point on a worldline and the magnitude of four-acceleration and a "curvature hyperbola" (Krümmungshyperbel). In the context of Born rigidity, Max Born (1909) subsequently coined the term "hyperbolic motion" (Hyperbelbewegung) for the case of constant magnitude of four-acceleration, then provided a detailed description for charged particles in hyperbolic motion, and introduced the corresponding "hyperbolically accelerated reference system" (hyperbolisch beschleunigtes Bezugsystem). Born's formulas were simplified and extended by Arnold Sommerfeld (1910). For early reviews see the textbooks by Max von Laue (1911, 1921) or Wolfgang Pauli (1921). See also Galeriu (2015) or Gourgoulhon (2013), and Acceleration (special relativity).

Worldline
The proper acceleration $$\alpha$$ of a particle is defined as the acceleration that a particle "feels" as it accelerates from one inertial reference frame to another. If the proper acceleration is directed parallel to the line of motion, it is related to the ordinary three-acceleration in special relativity $$a=du/dT$$ by

 * $$\alpha=\gamma^3 a=\frac{1}{\left(1-u^2/c^2\right)^{3/2}}\frac{du}{dT},$$

where $$u$$ is the instantaneous speed of the particle, $$\gamma$$ the Lorentz factor, $$c$$ is the speed of light, and $$T$$ is the coordinate time. Solving for the equation of motion gives the desired formulas, which can be expressed in terms of coordinate time $$T$$ as well as proper time $$\tau$$. For simplification, all initial values for time, location, and velocity can be set to 0, thus:

This gives $$\left(X+c^{2}/\alpha\right)^{2}-c^{2}T^{2}=c^{4}/\alpha^{2}$$, which is a hyperbola in time T and the spatial location variable $$X$$. In this case, the accelerated object is located at $$X=0$$ at time $$T=0$$. If instead there are initial values different from zero, the formulas for hyperbolic motion assume the form:

 * $${\scriptstyle \begin{array}{c|c}

\begin{align}u(T) & =\frac{u_{0}\gamma_{0}+\alpha T}{\sqrt{1+\left(\frac{u_{0}\gamma_{0}+\alpha T}{c}\right)^{2}}}\quad\\ & =c\tanh\left\{ \operatorname{arsinh}\left(\frac{u_{0}\gamma_{0}+\alpha T}{c}\right)\right\} \\ X(T) & =X_{0}+\frac{c^{2}}{\alpha}\left(\sqrt{1+\left(\frac{u_{0}\gamma_{0}+\alpha T}{c}\right)^{2}}-\gamma_{0}\right)\\ & =X_{0}+\frac{c^{2}}{\alpha}\left\{ \cosh\left[\operatorname{arsinh}\left(\frac{u_{0}\gamma_{0}+\alpha T}{c}\right)\right]-\gamma_{0}\right\} \\ c\tau(T) & =c\tau_{0}+\frac{c^{2}}{\alpha}\ln\left(\frac{\sqrt{c^{2}+\left(u_{0}\gamma_{0}+\alpha T\right){}^{2}}+u_{0}\gamma_{0}+\alpha T}{\left(c+u_{0}\right)\gamma_{0}}\right)\\ & =c\tau_{0}+\frac{c^{2}}{\alpha}\left\{ \operatorname{arsinh}\left(\frac{u_{0}\gamma_{0}+\alpha T}{c}\right)-\operatorname{artanh}\left(\frac{u_{0}}{c}\right)\right\} \end{align} & \begin{align}u(\tau) & =c\tanh\left\{ \operatorname{artanh}\left(\frac{u_{0}}{c}\right)+\frac{\alpha\tau}{c}\right\} \\ \\ X(\tau) & =X_{0}+\frac{c^{2}}{\alpha}\left\{ \cosh\left[\operatorname{artanh}\left(\frac{u_{0}}{c}\right)+\frac{\alpha\tau}{c}\right]-\gamma_{0}\right\} \\ \\ cT(\tau) & =cT_{0}+\frac{c^{2}}{\alpha}\left\{ \sinh\left[\operatorname{artanh}\left(\frac{u_{0}}{c}\right)+\frac{\alpha\tau}{c}\right]-\frac{u_{0}\gamma_{0}}{c}\right\} \end{align} \end{array}}$$

Rapidity
The worldline for hyperbolic motion (which from now on will be written as a function of proper time) can be simplified in several ways. For instance, the expression

 * $$X=\frac{c^{2}}{\alpha}\left(\cosh\frac{\alpha\tau}{c}-1\right)$$

can be subjected to a spatial shift of amount $$c^2/\alpha$$, thus

 * $$X=\frac{c^{2}}{\alpha}\cosh\frac{\alpha\tau}{c}$$,

by which the observer is at position $$X=c^2/\alpha$$ at time $$T=0$$. Furthermore, by setting $$x=c^2/\alpha$$ and introducing the rapidity $$\eta=\operatorname{artanh}\frac{u}{c}=\frac{\alpha\tau}{c}$$, the equations for hyperbolic motion reduce to

with the hyperbola $$X^{2}-c^{2}T^{2}=x^{2}$$.

Charged particles in hyperbolic motion
Born (1909), Sommerfeld (1910), von Laue (1911), Pauli (1921) also formulated the equations for the electromagnetic field of charged particles in hyperbolic motion. This was extended by Hermann Bondi & Thomas Gold (1955) and Fulton & Rohrlich (1960)

 * $$\begin{align}E_{\rho'}'= & \frac{\left(8e/\alpha^{2}\right)\rho'z'}{\xi^{\prime3}}\\

E_{z'}'= & \frac{-\left(4e/\alpha^{2}\right)1/\alpha^{2}+t^{\prime2}+\rho^{\prime2}-z^{\prime2}}{\xi^{\prime3}}\\ E_{\varphi'}'= & H_{\varphi'}'=H_{z'}'=0\\ H_{\varphi'}'= & \frac{\left(8e/\alpha^{2}\right)\rho't'}{\xi^{\prime3}}\\ \xi'= & \sqrt{\left(1/\alpha^{2}+t^{\prime2}-\rho^{\prime2}-z^{\prime2}\right)^{2}+\left(2\rho'/\alpha\right)^{2}} \end{align}$$

This is related to the controversially discussed question, whether charges in perpetual hyperbolic motion do radiate or not, and whether this is consistent with the equivalence principle – even though it's about an ideal situation, because perpetual hyperbolic motion is not possible. While early authors such as Born (1909) or Pauli (1921) argued that no radiation arises, later authors such as Bondi & Gold and Fulton & Rohrlich showed that radiation does indeed arise.

Proper reference frame

In equation ($$) for hyperbolic motion, the expression $$x$$ was constant, whereas the rapidity $$\eta$$ was variable. However, as pointed out by Sommerfeld, one can define $$x$$ as a variable, while making $$\eta$$ constant. This means, that the equations become transformations indicating the simultaneous rest shape of an accelerated body with hyperbolic coordinates $$(x,y,z,\eta)$$ as seen by a comoving observer

 * $$cT=x\sinh\eta,\quad X=x\cosh\eta,\quad Y=y,\quad Z=z$$

By means of this transformation, the proper time becomes the time of the hyperbolically accelerated frame. These coordinates, which are commonly called Rindler coordinates (similar variants are called Kottler-Møller coordinates or Lass coordinates), can be seen as a special case of Fermi coordinates or Proper coordinates, and are often used in connection with the Unruh effect. Using these coordinates, it turns out that observers in hyperbolic motion possess an apparent event horizon, beyond which no signal can reach them.

Special conformal transformation
A lesser known method for defining a reference frame in hyperbolic motion is the employment of the special conformal transformation, consisting of an inversion, a translation, and another inversion. It is commonly interpreted as a gauge transformation in Minkowski space, though some authors alternatively use it as an acceleration transformation (see Kastrup for a critical historical survey). It has the form

 * $$X^{\mu}=\frac{x^{\mu}-a^{\mu}x^{2}}{1-2ax+a^{2}x^{2}}$$

Using only one spatial dimension by $$x^{\mu}=(t,x)$$, and further simplifying by setting $$x=0$$, and using the acceleration  $$a^{\mu}=(0,-\alpha/2)$$, it follows

 * $$T=\frac{t}{1-\frac{1}{4}\alpha{}^{2}t^{2}},\quad X=\frac{-\alpha t^{2}}{2\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\alpha{}^{2}t^{2}\right)}$$

with the hyperbola $$\left(X-1/\alpha\right)^{2}-T^{2}=1/\alpha^{2}$$. It turns out that at $$t=\pm(x+2/\alpha)$$ the time becomes singular, to which Fulton & Rohrlich & Witten remark that one has to stay away from this limit, while Kastrup (who is very critical of the acceleration interpretation) remarks that this is one of the strange results of this interpretation.

title: Hyperbolic motion (relativity)


text:
Talk:Marine reserve

Untitled
I added the statistic because it is important for people to know how little Marine reserves have been taken into account. Hupacheco (talk) 04:26, 3 May 2012 (UTC) What are some possible reliable sources I can use to find information about this topic as a whole? Hupacheco (talk) 05:11, 27 April 2012 (UTC)

Difference to marine parks
what are the differents between marine park and marine reserve ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.102.97.224 (talk • contribs) 13 February 2005
 * There is a difference in New Zealand. A marine reserve has a higher protection than a marine park. Alan Liefting 03:48, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Does anyone know where I can find more information on this topic? Hupacheco (talk) 04:58, 27 April 2012 (UTC) I think an addition of a couple photos would be excellent. Hupacheco (talk) 04:03, 1 May 2012 (UTC)

Locations
Hupacheco (talk) 19:40, 18 April 2012 (UTC) Is there any marine reserve areas near the United States of America? Hupacheco (talk) 19:40, 18 April 2012 (UTC) How many total Marine Reserve areas is there? Hupacheco (talk) 19:40, 18 April 2012 (UTC) How do they decide where to place these locations? Hupacheco (talk) 19:40, 18 April 2012 (UTC) This page should be called "Marine Reserve Areas" so that people do not confuse it with the actual Marine Reserve as in Military. Hupacheco (talk) 19:10, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

 * There is a hatnote linking to Marine Forces Reserve. -- Alan Liefting (talk - contribs) 22:33, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

I added the facts about the Chagos Islands so that people can know a bit more about the location itself. Hupacheco (talk) 04:50, 3 May 2012 (UTC) The information added about marine reserves in new Zealand is something people should be aware about. Hupacheco (talk) 02:02, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Marine reserve. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20030323214527/http://www.piscoweb.org/outreach/pubs/reserves/ to http://www.piscoweb.org/outreach/pubs/reserves

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:02, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

Rationale for content deletion: fish table & by-country section
Hi there, I have deleted 1) the table titled, "Scale of movement (km) of coral reef and coastal pelagic fish species" in the Design section and 2) the section By-country or territory as they are both much too specific and unesccessary for a Wikipedia entry in line with the section on excessive lists in What Wikipedia is not.

1) The fish dispersal ranges scientists would consider in marine reserve construction would vary from region to region, and the paragraph beginning with "Movement patterns..." captures some nice examples of the differences between migration of species (e.g.: tuna vs damselfishes).

2) It would be beyond the scope of Wikipedia to list marine reserves in every country/territory. One could modify this section to make it a short list of notable marne reserves, although care would be needed to identify marine reserves and not MPAs for the list. The MPA vs marine reserves vs marine parks difference needs clearer distinction with good citations on Wikipedia.

Thank you! TatjanaBaleta (talk) 09:28, 3 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marine reserve


text: User:Fg2/Photos by Place

title: User:Fg2/Photos by Place


text:
User talk:Brockert/sig

Googlebombing with a signature template
At 04:37, Jan 22, 2005, I edited my signature template to include, which renders as a bullet between the link to my user page and talk page, like this:
 * —Ben Brockert [[Image:George W. Bush.jpeg|2px|brain damaged chimp]] (RE: be CRT knob)

which renders as

I chose brain damaged chimp specifically because it had relatively few hits on google (less than 10,000). I then monitored the Google standings of the search term whenever I remembered to, to evaluate if user signatures could be used for effective Google bombing. I was also trying to evaluate the function of Google. Ideally, Image:George W. Bush.jpeg would have shown up under the Google image search.

Results
On Google:
 * Made #3 for Wikipedia talk:Bots within a week.
 * Later, #1 for User talk:Anárion.
 * At 07:06, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC), #3 again, for Wikipedia talk:Wikipedia Signpost.
 * At 03:27, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC), #4 for User talk:Brockert.
 * At 20:31, May 21, 2005 (UTC), #4 for Votes for undeletion.

With quotes,
 * At 07:06, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC):
 * The Smirking Chimp, my arch-nemesis.
 * Wikipedia talk:Wikipedia Signpost
 * Wikipedia talk:How to edit a page
 * User talk:SPUI

 * At 03:27, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC):
 * The Smirking Chimp, my arch-nemesis.
 * User talk:Brockert
 * Wikipedia talk:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents (a redirect)
 * easycooking - Community Info
 * wicked_wish: The Lost Skeleton of Cadavra
 * A mirror of User:Brockert, User:Brockert. Learn all about User:Brockert

 * At 20:31, May 21, 2005 (UTC):
 * The Smirking Chimp
 * The Smirking Chimp
 * Votes for undeletion
 * Wikipedia talk:How to edit a page
 * Ringtones, Logos ? Wikipedia:Votes_for_undeletion a mirror of Votes_for_undeletion.
 * easycooking - Community Info
 * wicked_wish: The Lost Skeleton of Cadavra
 * Wikipedia talk:Criteria for speedy deletion - Wikipedia, the free ... a mirror of Wikipedia_talk:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion

Conclusions
This type of tampering with Wikipedia and Google is both effective and difficult to detect. The signature was in place, unchanged, for four months, and I did not receive one comment on it. Either no one noticed it, or no one cared. Doing this in a normal signature would have failed quickly, because every person who edited a page with the signature would have seen the full text. Signature templates allow a level of secrecy about the signature that is not always in Wikipedia's best interest. The signature was used on at least 197 pages, and appeared many more times than that due to multiple signatures on a single talk page.

That user signatures only show up on talk pages is one drawback of this approach. If a person found a common article template that wasn't closely watched, and inserted some hidden text or hid an image, they might be more successful. I do not know if any templates are unwatched to that degree, but sometimes even the most brazen vandalism goes unchecked for a surprising length of time. For a google bombing to be successful, the alteration only has to persist long enough for the site to be re-indexed, which is likely a short interval for such a popular site. That Wikipedia is then mirrored by a number of leeches only strengthens the durability of such an approach.

Google image search apparently does not use the alt text of links to include them in the search, so it never did show up there. If it was possible to use the img tag on Wikipedia, I am confident that it could have been accomplished by using the text . That it isn't possible to do that on en: is a good thing.

Comments
If you happen upon this page, please leave me a comment here.
 * You're a sneaky devil! Rich Farmbrough 21:16, 18 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, and thank you for noticing. :) —Ben Brockert (42) UE News  00:39, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Brockert/sig