text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jason Kottke (1st nomination)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Keep. Rje 02:47, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

Jason Kottke
The summary of this thing is already on Slashdot trolling phenomena. An article whose existence essentially reflects the systemic bias of wikipedia. Non-notable. ''nomination by anon user:67.180.61.179. typos in the nomination later fixed by anon user:192.246.231.121'' This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * No notability established. Delete. -- Antaeus Feldspar 01:36, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)  Revisions have established notability.  Changing vote to Keep. -- Antaeus Feldspar 18:27, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable blogger. Deletion isn't a valid response to systemic bias, either. Rhobite 01:38, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable - 200,000+ Google hits, needs cleanup and expansion. Megan1967 01:52, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm voting cleanup for the moment. Surely one offhand comment about copying a file isn't truly his greatest accomplishment?!  If he is notable, this article utterly fails to establish that.  If nothing more worthwhile can be added during the course of this VfD, I'll change my vote to Delete UPDATE: Additional details added by  Capitalistroadster show notability. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  02:10, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have heard this guy's name somewhere before. I guess that means he must have some sort of notability. Expand and keep.--ZayZayEM 02:51, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Seems notable within the blogger community. JoaoRicardo 02:54, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Utterly devoid of notability. — Trilobite (Talk) 03:07, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * As a rule we should answer systemic bias by adding, not by tearing down. Keep and expand. Samaritan 04:15, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I partially agree, but if a subject is notable only in a small subculture which happens to be disproportionately represented among Wikipedia users, we should be aware of this and not make it an exception to our policies regarding notability. The original VfD and the state of the article at the time of the VfD made it seem like the only people Kottke was "well-known" to were those who write or read trolling posts on Slashdot. -- Antaeus Feldspar 18:35, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Have added to article added details about his blog including winning a Lifetime Achievement Award in the Bloggie awards. Designed the Silkscreen font in 1999 which is widely used and on the advisory board for the SXSW board since 2000. Capitalistroadster 08:41, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, obviously. Who has not heard of this person?  GRider\talk 22:04, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Huh? It's some blogger. Seems completely non-notable. Delete. Everyking 23:10, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Resisting... urge... to say many things. Rhobite 00:19, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not. What the hell? -- Cyrius|✎ 00:22, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Will wonders never cease? An article that Everyking thinks should be deleted and which I think should be kept!   I normally don't add "me-too" keep votes.  (Believe it or not, if I did, there would be quite a few.)  But I cannot resist.  Blogging has become a very significant phenomenon on the Internet, and Kottke won the Bloggie Lifetime Achievement Award in, IIRC, 2002, which is about as notable as you can get as a blogger.  You can quibble about the Bloggies, since sometimes the results seem kind of stacked (kind of like Wikipedia), and some types of blogs, such as political blogs, are under-represented and under-appreciated, though they have a wider significance than blogs that receive a lot of Bloggie votes.  But that doesn't prevent the Bloggies from being used as a strong, although not exclusive, indicator of the notability of bloggers.    Having said that, it can't be true that the quote about the Mac is his most "famous" quote.  It's a dorky quote and it is hard to believe that he hasn't said anything more interesting than that to win the Bloggie.  --BM 01:12, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Extreme keep. This person is equally as notable as paniq is within his own field.  —RaD Man (talk) 08:37, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * As best I can tell, all this guy is "notable" for—and I have a very liberal interpretation of notability—is winning some award that sounds like an honor roughly equivalent to The Montgomery Burns Award for Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Excellence, and he designed some font or some such thing. And some trolls quote him saying something incomprehensible. What? We delete articles less notable than that every other day. It actually seems like there's an exception being made here for "nerdcruft", which doesn't seem terribly fair to me. Everyking 08:46, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Here's a violin. —RaD Man (talk) 10:02, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * There is some similarity between the paniq case and this one, which I thought about when I voted. There is the hazard of narcisism for Wikipedia to have articles about Internet phenomena, I would agree.  However, blogging is a much bigger Internet phenom than the demoscene, and Kottke has more clearly established himself as notable within it than paniq has within the demoscene.   But I'm impressed that you are paying attention. --BM 14:48, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed. Lets all give ourselves a nice pat on the back for ascribing to double standards. —RaD Man (talk) 20:31, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Since you spoke up again, Everyking: I'm dumbfounded. I hate to bring the Ashlee Simpson thing into this, but it's hard to ignore the hypocrisy of your statements. You're writing off the blog community as "nerdcruft". It's hard not to notice the similarities between your argument, and the mindset which you've railed against for wanting to scale down the Ashlee Simpson coverage. Kottke is without a doubt significant in the weblog community, and Simpson is an unquestionably notable in pop music. Well, you're accusing the blog community itself of being insignificant and using that as an excuse to delete an article about a notable blogger. Hey, does that type of closed-minded bias remind you of anything? Such as people who argue that pop singers are inherently less notable than classic rock acts? Rhobite 21:16, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The difference, of course, is the number of people affected. How many people read this guy's blog, or consider his work significant? If it's more than a few thousand, I'll vote keep. But my suspicion is that the number is pretty damn small, and he's receiving magnified attention due to the general tendency of Wikipedia's contributors to be especially interested in topics relating to technology and computers. Ashlee and her music, on the other hand, are known and important to millions, so I see little grounds for comparison. Everyking 07:48, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't find a more authoritative number, but his Alexa trafic rank is 23,502. This isn't some guy with a blog, it's some guy with a reallly popular blog. If it were any other sort of web site, people would be all over it with keep votes due to Alexa's number alone. -- Cyrius|✎ 13:21, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. As someone who formerly had root on his webserver, I can speak from experience about the levels of traffic reaching kottke.org. I'm not sure Jason would care for me divulging specifics, but his hit counts are into the millions per month and there are over 100k unique IPs hitting the site every month.  I believe the blogging community is a significant modern sociological  phenomenon and within that community Kottke is one of the major players.  He carries something akin to celebrity status within the weblog community, and the intersection between Wikipedia usership and weblog audiences is significant. Mouser 18:27, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * All right, you and Cyrius have convinced me, he seems sufficiently notable after all. My vote can be considered a keep. Everyking 22:32, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Blogcruft, blogpromo. Blogger navel gazing. Hey, let's set up Jason Kottke and Ashlee Simpson on a blind date. We can have a TV show, and then write a Wikipedia article about it. It's just crazy enough to work. Wile E. Heresiarch 07:29, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * discussion thread blanked here by anon user:64.170.192.95. restored by CryptoDerk
 * Strong Keep. Blogging is almost a household word (Many reporters and columnists no longer feel the need to define what "blogging" or a "weblog" is anymore when they mention it), and Jason kottke is one of the most, if not the most, well-known of all bloggers. He is also mentioned in at least three books that I could find with Amazon's search inside this book feature (probably many more). Milquetoast 18:39, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * user has a very light contribution history
 * Keep - a frontman in blogging. One of the most notable bloggers on the web. Also, its helpful to be able to look him up if you dont know who he is.
 * Vote left by IP 132.236.117.156. Please log in for your vote to be fully counted.  —RaD Man (talk) 19:43, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Please delete this guy, he's one in a million. Who cares about his online diary? unsigned comment by anon user:66.194.111.1. later deleted by user:Radman1.  restored by Rossami
 * Keep. Needs to be cleaned up/expanded, as does Anil Dash. On the other hand, Wikipedia's getting too big - someone should start a Blogopedia, a PopCultoPedia, etc. Also, Kottke voted for deletion for the article in its current form. Salasks 21:30, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * STRONG Keep and cleanup. Kottke is one of the foremost in blogging these days- numerous websites link to him.  ral315 22:22, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Kottke is very notable, in my opinion. --OntarioQuizzer 23:41, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete- The person does not create any content except some mediocre css/xhtml design (for internet) some photo collections and other daily content, but nothing notable and special. I check this site often for links to other sites and interesting articles. The design which is represented on this page reflecting this period (2001 - 2006->) unsigned comment by anon user:80.203.35.239
 * Delete. Maybe I should put STRONG DELETE since that would make my vote count twice as much, maybe? 15 minutes of fame does not make one notable. Wagiles 01:11, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * this user's account created since this vote began
 * keep ComCat 01:50, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The man has no redeeming qualities. And his blog is mediocre at best. unsigned comment by anon user:68.81.182.85. later deleted by user:Radman1.  restored by Rossami
 * Keep - Even the votes for delete mark his notability as link shepherd and stylistic lamp-post. He's not famous; just notable and influential. His web-presence is widely felt. -- Jonathan Bruder 9 Feb 2005
 * this is the user's only contribution so far
 * Extreme keep. His blog is widely read, representative of an increasing interest in the area of blogging, enough so that people hearing of him will want to look him up. denmise 02:40, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * this is the user's only contribution so far
 * Keep. Jason Kottke is a notable and influential blogger. Repeatedly referenced by many community sites. Created the silkscreen font, widely used on the web and by television networks such as MTV. This article needs editing and expansion of context, not deletion. --ElfWord 07:45, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Documenting online culture, and the people who create online culture, is one of the most notable accomplishments of Wikipedia. Jason Kottke's influence on blogging is more or less undisputed within the blogging community. Deleting his entry would be a real disservice. Chuck Olsen
 * this is the user's only contribution so far
 * Keep - Quoted everywhere, read by everyone, definitely influential at least in the webdesign microverse. phnk unsigned comment by anon user:129.215.13.83
 * Keep. One of the most influential bloggers. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 16:54, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Supercalifragilisticexpialadocious super gamma-level extreme death ray wacka wacka doo doo yeah 10th-level "I choose you, Pikachu!"-level Keep. Or, to put it another way, keep.  I agree with other remarks here about revising things to meet standards, rather than deleting those that don't meet them.  Besides, like other people on Wiki such as Cory Doctorow, Kottke is notable amongst a good chunk of the 'Net community, and there's no harm in having information on him on Wiki.WCityMike 17:28, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Writer of a niche (nyc and some webdesign) weblog - not globally applicable.
 * Vote left by IP 203.79.118.172. Please log in for your vote to be fully counted.  WCityMike 22:19, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * user:WCityMike refactored the discussion here, accidentally losing some comments in the process
 * Keep. kottke.org ranks 24th on the Blogging Ecosystem, which ranks blogs by inbound links -- which is higher than both Matt Drudge and Salam Pax. He doesn't write about himself nearly as much as he writes about web technology trends, and the people who link to him are generally name web designers. --Dhartung | Talk 00:29, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. —tregoweth 14:46, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Jesus, Keep! - this guy is so much more famous than a lot of the other people on wikipedia. Also, he is an icon of a movement that is happening right now that involves millions of people.  Deleting this is nuts. --Philosophistry 06:46, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. --Easyas12c 12:17, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wills Sainte Claire

Wills Sainte Claire was an American automobile brand manufactured by C. H. Wills and Company, in Marysville, Michigan, from 1921 to 1927. Childe Harold Wills, the company founder, was a perfectionist and his automobile company focused on very high quality cars.

As a metallurgical engineer, Wills was an aide of Henry Ford. Wills introduced vanadium steel for the production of the Ford Model T; it was the first the large scale application of the alloy. Wills was also a designer and is credited with designing the script "Ford Blue Oval" emblem that the company uses to this day. Wills left Ford on his own terms and with a severance package of more than 1.5 million dollars, which he used to establish his own car company he originally named "Wills Saint Clair" – Wills for himself and "Saint Clair" for the Saint Clair River near his new factory. Wills later added the extra e's, thinking that the French spelling elevated the cachet of the product.

The first Wills Sainte Claire rolled off the assembly line in 1921. Production was delayed due to metallurgy issues surrounding the use of molybdenum in castings, which Wills insisted be used in the production of the car in order to ensure its durability. Despite the durability of the cars, once production got underway most of Wills' executive staff abandoned him by 1922 because Wills was known to shut the whole assembly line down if a new and innovative method occurred to him. After going into receivership that year, the company was refinanced by a group of bankers from Boston and reincorporated as Wills Sainte Claire Incorporated in 1923. Automotive designer Amos Northup worked at Wills Sainte Claire until 1924.

Wills cars rode on either 121 in or 127 in wheelbases and featured either V8 or inline-6-cylinder overhead cam engines. There was also a wide range of body styles - four-passenger roadster; five-passenger Gray Goose special touring car; seven-passenger touring car; 4-door brougham; four-passenger coupe; five-passenger sedan; five-passenger Imperial sedan and town car. Unable to sustain volume sufficient to make a profit, Wills closed the factory in 1927. Wills was later involved in the development of the front-wheel drive Ruxton automobile. The factory was later acquired by Chrysler.

All Wills Sainte Claire automobiles are classified as "Classic Cars" by the Classic Car Club of America. Outside of automotive circles, Wills Sainte Claire is best known for its Canada goose logo. Wills chose it because he felt the Canada goose was the ultimate traveler of the world.

Wills Ste. Claire Auto Museum
In 2002, volunteers opened the Wills Ste. Claire Auto Museum at 2408 Wills Street in Marysville, Michigan. It is open the second Sunday of every month. Of the approximately 80 Wills Sainte Claire cars believed to exist (of approximately 12,000 manufactured), eleven are on display, plus several unrestored Wills Sainte Claire cars stored awaiting restoration.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wills Sainte Claire


text:
User:Finnefrock

Hi,

I'm Adam Finnefrock. I do research on HIV, specifically HIV vaccines, at Merck & Co.. I live in Tredyffrin Township, Pennsylvania, not far from Valley Forge.

title: User:Finnefrock


text: Template:PH indicator

title: Template:PH indicator


text:
Wildstein list

The Wildstein List is a list which contains the names of some 162,617 (originally thought to contain 240,000) individuals who are believed to either have worked for the Polish Służba Bezpieczeństwa (secret intelligence service of the socialist era), or who SB considered recruiting (with or without their knowledge), or who were under investigation by SB. It is named after the reporter who supposedly secretly copied the list from the national archives, Bronisław Wildstein. The list eventually found its way to the Internet. At least one Polish official has confirmed (Marek Dukaczewski in Monika Olejnik's program) which is believed to contain the names of at some current agents working abroad.

The list contains names from archives of former (communist) Polish political police, military intelligence and other secret agencies. This list could contain former workers of those agencies and their secret agents (confidants), but also there are names of people that secret police wanted to make confidants but never succeeded. It is not clear how this list leaked from the IPN (Institute of National Remembrance), but it is commonly assumed that it was Bronisław Wildstein who copied that list to his pendrive and then made it available for journalists.

title: Wildstein list


text: Category:Danish boxers

title: Category:Danish boxers


text:
Western Digital Raptor

The Western Digital Raptor (often marketed as WD Raptor, 2.5" models known as VelociRaptor) is a discontinued series of high performance hard disk drives produced by Western Digital first marketed in 2003. The drive occupied a niche in the enthusiast, workstation and small-server market. Traditionally, the majority of servers used hard drives featuring a SCSI interface because of their advantages in both performance and reliability over consumer-level ATA drives.

Although pitched as an “enterprise-class drive”, it won favor with the PC gaming and enthusiast community because the drive was capable of speeds usually found only on more expensive SCSI drives. Adopting the SATA interface meant that it could be used easily on all modern motherboards with no separate host adapter card. Also, integration was made easier still by the inclusion of a standard 4-pin Molex power connector in addition to the standard SATA power port. This, however, was available only in 3.5" models.

Despite having been in production since early 2003, there was no direct competition in the same market for many years.

In 2006, Western Digital acknowledged the primary consumer of its Raptor brand drives by releasing a revision of its 150 GB drive. In keeping with the PC case modding trend of stylizing, the drive was given a Perspex window to match the internals of computer cases. This allows the user to see the drive's inner workings while it is in operation.

History
On February 10, 2003, Western Digital announced the first consumer 10,000 RPM hard drive, sold in 36 GB and 74 GB versions.

On April 21, 2008, Western Digital announced the next generation of its 10,000 RPM SATA Raptor hard drive series. The new drives, called WD VelociRaptor, feature 300 GB capacity and 2.5-inch platters enclosed in the IcePack, a 3.5-inch mounting frame with a built-in heat sink. Western Digital claimed that the new drives were 35 percent faster than the previous generation Raptors.

On April 6, 2010, Western Digital updated the VelociRaptor series. The drives contain up to three platters and a 600 GB total capacity, upgraded from the dual-platter 300 GB design of the prior flagship model. Western Digital claims the new models are 15 percent faster than the previous generation of VelociRaptors.

On April 16, 2012, Western Digital updated the VelociRaptor series for the second time. The new drives contain up to three platters and a 1000 GB total capacity, upgraded from the triple-platter 600 GB design of the prior flagship model. It was the last generation of Raptor hard drives to be manufactured; Western Digital removed it from its product catalog in mid-2016, without any direct successor.

Alongside VelociRaptor, Western Digital also produced S25, rebranded XE in May 2012, an SAS version of VelociRaptor. It was first launched on November 3, 2009 with capacities of 147 and 300 GB, which are similar to competing drives from other manufacturers. They were later expanded to 450 and 600 GB in January 2011, and to 900 GB in March 2012. XE was removed from Western Digital's product catalog before VelociRaptor, in March 2015.

EL36
In 2003, Western Digital released the first incarnation of the Raptor series: the WD360GD. It featured a capacity of 37 GB on a single platter, a Serial ATA interface, and was the first ATA drive to operate at a spindle speed of 10,000 rpm. Like many early SATA drives, the Raptor was not a "real" SATA drive because it was really a PATA drive that used an 88i8030C interface bridge chip from Marvell. However, this fact did not significantly hamper the Raptor's performance. WD360GD Raptors do not use the 3.3 V Serial ATA power line. There is no need to use a SATA power connector as it will not be fully utilized.

As is usually the case for hard drives featuring a faster spindle speed, the Raptor outperformed other ATA drives and in some situations was even able to reach the performance of contemporary 10,000 rpm SCSI drives. SCSI drives still outperformed the Raptor in multi-user scenarios, but for high-end home computers it fared very well. For enthusiasts' systems, the Raptor also had the key advantages of low noise and temperature levels compared to similarly performing drives.

All WD360GD drives with Part Number WD360GD-00FNA0 (December 2003) and earlier cannot accept SATA latch cables, as the SATA data connector does not have the required rails. Therefore, only normal cables can be plugged into these connectors.

WD360GD Raptors with the Marvell 88i8030-TBC PATA to SATA bridge chip, such as WD360GD-00FNA0 (December 2003) and earlier, are limited to UDMA 5 transfers. In Linux, "applying bridge limits" is displayed and then it allows transfers up to UDMA/100. In Microsoft Windows, they are reported as UDMA 6, but give a burst rate of 104 MB/s, while WD360GD with the 88i8030-TBC1 chip are reported as UDMA 6 and give a burst rate of 122 MB/s, close their theoretical limit of UDMA 6. Those Raptors limited at UDMA 5 were bought for SATA I 150 MB/s support, but they only support the legacy PATA UDMA 5 at 100 MB/s.

Like its larger brother the WD740GD, the WD360GD was revised in 2006 and released with the designation WD360ADFD - incorporating twice as much on-board cache (16 MB vs 8 MB), at least one side of a single platter that offers twice the areal density, and enabling NCQ.

EL74
The second generation Raptor was introduced in early 2004, featuring two platters for 74 GB of storage space. Unlike its predecessor, the WD740GD didn't use ball bearings to support the spinning disks, but rather used fluid dynamic bearings. These allowed the new Raptor to operate at a noise level comparable to the quieter 7,200 rpm drives.

Another advantage the WD740GD had over its predecessor was Tagged Command Queuing, a feature that had previously been available only in SCSI drives. Command queuing resulted in a notable increase in the WD740GD's multi-user performance—a key discipline where its predecessor failed compared to SCSI drives. However, enabling command queuing on the WD740GD resulted in a performance decrease in single-user scenarios. It is worth noting that, only a few SATA controllers could fully support command queuing. This drive became immensely popular in high-end gaming systems because of these features.

In 2006 Western Digital revised the WD740GD specification and released the WD740ADFD, ostensibly the same drive but with 16 MB of on-board cache, and a larger single platter (one 75 GB platter vs two 37 GB platters). Support for TCQ (rarely supported on SATA RAID controllers) was dropped in favor of NCQ, and at the same time replacing the SATA-to-PATA bridge controller chip with a native SATA controller. Unfortunately one of the major enhancements of WD740ADFD, the NCQ, is implemented so badly in the WD740ADFD-00NLR1 that it has been added to the Linux libata drive blacklist. The WD740GD did not apply because it uses TCQ and not NCQ. In order to deal with it, NCQ is disabled Link to the NCQ-Bug in the Kernel Bug Tracker. In TCQ capable controllers, the WD740GD is possibly faster than its successor as some of the WD740ADFDs' gains are lost. The WD740ADFD has also caused problems in some motherboards and their manufacturers had to release BIOS updates.

EL150
The third generation Raptor was released by Western Digital in January 2006. It features two 75 GB platters (for a total of 150 GB) and a more advanced system of Native Command Queuing. At the same time, the Raptor X was released. It has identical specifications to the standard Raptor, but it has the addition of a clear polycarbonate window in the drive cover, making the movements of the disks and magnetic heads visible. This unique feature is likely to be popular with case modders. Like the regular Raptor, the Raptor X has a MTBF rating of 1.2 million hours, or 137 years. Both drives are covered by a five-year warranty. While this drive uses the NCQ feature of SATA 2, it lacks support for the increased bandwidth of SATA 2.

VR150M

The fourth-generation Raptor was announced by Western Digital in April 2008. The new drive is being sold under the VelociRaptor name. As well as increasing the capacity to 300 GB (split over two 150 GB platters), the form factor is as follows:
 * GLFS models – 2.5-inch drive in a 3.5-inch IcePack frame (serving as a heatsink)
 * HLFS models – 2.5-inch drive in a redesigned 3.5-inch IcePack with proper SATA connector position (see below)
 * BLFS models – 2.5-inch bare drives (incompatible with notebooks)

Earlier GLFS models have been criticised for being incompatible with 3.5-inch SATA hot swap bays due to the position of the connectors; however, a new revision (HLFS models) has been released which remedies this problem. Furthermore, TLER has been enabled by default on HLFS models.

Western Digital later released a 2.5-inch Velociraptor (BLFS models) which is nearly identical to the 3.5-inch version, but without the IcePack heat sink. These drives are designed for use in servers and are unsuitable for laptops because of their power requirements and 15 mm thickness. TLER is also enabled by default on BLFS models.

A severe issue with the fourth generation of raptor drives was faulty firmware, which caused the drive to report TLER timeouts after roughly 50 days of continuous operation (precisely 49.71 days counted in milliseconds, which corresponds to the overflow of a 32-bit number). The bug has been present in all models of drives shipped, from their introduction up to late 2009. WDC never admitted the existence of this bug, or officially released a firmware update; however, an update was leaked by a WDC technician and is still readily available through various download sites. The bug was of minor significance for desktop users, but prolonged drive operation in RAID setups could result in mass drive dropouts after 49.71 days, causing maintenance problems and potentially data loss.

VR200M
The fifth-generation Raptor (or second-generation VelociRaptor) drive was announced in April 2010. Besides increasing the total capacity to 600 GB, the SATA interface speed had been increased to 6 Gbit/s. The drives are sold either in the same IcePack mounting frame as the previous generation, or as bare drives (intended for rackmount servers). While the drive width of 2.5 inches may entice users to try to install a VelociRaptor drive in a laptop, this is not possible. Not only are the drives a thicker-than-usual 15 mm high, but they require both +12 V and +5 V power that most laptops cannot provide. Standard laptop hard drives typically only require +5 V.

VR333M

The sixth-generation Raptor (or third-generation VelociRaptor) was announced by Western Digital in April 2012. The drives are 2.5-inch devices with 15 mm in height, sold either as bare drives (CHTZ and BHTZ models) or mounted in the IcePack 3.5-inch mounting frame (DHTZ and HHTZ models), which continues the variants available in the previous generation. Beside increasing the capacity to 1000 GB, the buffer size has been doubled to 64 MB. They are also the first Raptor models employing the Advanced Format (AF) 512e internal layout.

title: Western Digital Raptor


text:
User talk:Geneviève

Talk to me! :)

Welcome Geneviève, and please excuse our shyness. We look forward to articles about your part of the world. Meggar

Bonjour
Bonjour, et soyez la bienvenue (bien que c'est un peu tard); on a toujours besoin de quelqu'un capable de s'exprimer en plusieurs langues :-).

Cela dit, pourrez-vous, de temps en temps, jeter un coup d'oeil sur cette page-ci: WP:PNT Lectonar 1 July 2005 08:00 (UTC)

Salut
Il y a un film anglais qui s'appelle 'Genevieve': []. J'espere que vous il aimez! Smallbone10 11:55, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Source information?
Hi Geneviève, could you please provide source information for Image:Stockings.jpg so that its public domain status can be verified? A URL pointing to the image on the web would be preferable. Thanks, Fawcett5 12:33, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Wouaou Superbe :)
J'ai vu votre nom dans l'historique d'un stub que j'ai crée il y a quelque temps : vintage clothing, j'ai ensuite atteri sur votre page, joli sourire. Merci pour l'image du jupon --Khalid hassani 00:12, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Merci beaucoup! Peut-être l'article maintenant est sauvé d'être expulsé à wiktionary. :) Geneviève 00:28, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:ABledel.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:ABledel.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Baikonur 20:50, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm so sorry! I don't remember where I found this image, and I may have misunderstood its licensing. Maybe it could qualify as fair use, or then again, you'd better delete it. Geneviève 22:00, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, no problem. Thanks for your fast answer. I listed it on "Images and media for deletion". I don't know if it qualifies as fair use, because I'm from the German Wikipedia and don't know much about the fair use doctrine, so let's see what they decide. --Baikonur 21:03, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Hsociety.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Hsociety.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Image legality questions page. Thank you. Wgfinley 18:32, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry about this. The image isn't GFDL. It's a promotional photo. Geneviève 02:14, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Babydoll article
Hi!,

When I found no article about Babydoll nightgowns, I started this article. I really appreciate the images you made here. Thank you for that. I need to speak with you about other changes you made here.

Supercool Dude 10:23, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your kind words! What do you want to speak with me about? Geneviève 14:09, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

HEY GENEVIÈVE, are you from Venus or something? The s.c. dude is ofcourse very much interested in you.!!

 * Is that so?? ;-) Geneviève 01:08, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Collection
Hi Genevieve, I have a passion for similar Nightgowns and slips, and have quite a collection. Interested in your's, how many do yuo have and what brands are you favourite. I have some Vanity fair (40's) some with the labels missing but I guess must be around the 30's - 50's. That white nightgown looks very much like a "Miss Elaine", I have several very similar in Pale blue,pink and Lilac. Love to have a white one. Will I hear rom you? hope so its good to find a budding collector. see you here soon Zab Zab1 17:22, 2 October 2006 (UTC) Zab1 17:22, 2 October 2006 (UTC)ZabZab1 17:22, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello! Yes, I have quite a collection myself. Some of my favourites are Dior, Vassarette and Miss Elaine. Miss Elaine's nightgowns are incredibly soft and sensual. I simply adore them! :) Geneviève 20:21, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for replying so quickly. I know, your absolutely right about Miss Elaine's Nightgowns being so soft and certainly very very sensual. Have you ever tried wearing a few together they have such a silky soft feeling to them. Its strange that they have to be sought out and only some of the large but obscure department stores hold stock. I was lucky some short while back I found a Miss Elaine White and Oh Oh so soft Neglige:¬) I guess its up there as one of my favourites and looks and feels again so sensual. I guess I ought to get some images uploaded for you.! Where do you get your's from? Have you any more Pix of yours? Hope to heare very soon ZABZab1 13:00, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi again! I don't really think that this is the place to discus these matters. But you may send me a wikimail. Thanks. Geneviève 18:45, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Hello, Yes your quite right. I've registered Mail but how do I wikimail you. I'm lost can you guide me Plese? Zab1 16:22, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

 * It's easy! Just click "E-mail this user" and write your wikimail to me. :) Geneviève 02:09, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

Hi There went to where you said on this page and got this message back:-!!

"No e-mail address From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. Return to Main Page."

Have you got to allow mail from other users? Zab1 08:17, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry about that! I've fixed it now. Geneviève 01:42, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

Hello: I've sent some Via Wiki mail but have not received anything, Should I have?Zab1 10:29, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Hey, what du you really want with me? Geneviève 22:52, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Hi :) Your posting of

"Miss Elaine's nightgowns are incredibly soft and sensual. I simply adore them! :) Geneviève" So I share the same feelings and would like a friend who understands this feeling also. Have I found a friend???

Zab1 15:52, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

 * D'accord! :) Geneviève 00:16, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Thankyou, that's good to know. Let me know your thoughts on mail ;¬)Zab1 09:28, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Certainly, I will let you know! :) Geneviève 17:29, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Have'nt had anything in the mail yet Should I have got something? :¬)) 217.22.88.28 13:01, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, sir! ;) Geneviève 22:39, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Nothing their Madam! :¬(
 * Very strange! :/ So, tell me, what do you love about Miss Elaine? Geneviève 17:16, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Hello!
And thanks for the kind welcome! It's nice to see another female here, and such a beauty! ;) There doesn't seem to be very many of us! Aristoc 16:36, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you! *blushing* Geneviève 21:09, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

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Proposed deletion of Miss Elaine

The article Miss Elaine has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No coverage that I can find.

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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion.  Mbinebri  talk ← 15:21, 17 March 2012 (UTC)

A kitten for you!
Are you the person that made recent changes to "Slip (clothing)" ? Originally,I was just giving the page ratings,but when I saw I had the option to edit the page,I figured I'd give it a try.If you are indeed the author,it was never my intention to be critical of your earlier work.Did you post the most recent photo of the full slip,and if yes,do you make them yourself--they are really awesome !

Bronxthruexp (talk) 02:22, 12 May 2012 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Geneviève


text: User talk:195.93.21.100

title: User talk:195.93.21.100


text:
Category talk:LGBT artists

Removed and to be added
Removed Marcel Duchamp - no evidence at all that I know of.

The following artists of the Steiglitz circle need adding, when pages for them are created: Charles Dumuth and Marsden Hartley.
 * It seems like the case for Marcel Duchamp entry would probably based on his alter-ego, Rrose Selavy. I will add the category for Charles Demuth and Marsden Hartley --Larrybob 20:39, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:LGBT artists


text:
Stealware

Stealware refers to a type of malware that covertly transfers money or data to a third party.

Specifically, stealware uses an HTTP cookie to redirect the commission ordinarily earned by the site for referring users to another site.

The term “Stealware” falls under the category of Spyware. Spyware are software applications that collect information about users without their permission instead of directly harming devices. Both of these terms, in the broader classification, fall under the category of Malware. Due to their broad definitions, Spyware and Malware both refer to a lot of different types of Malicious Software and in the more niche sense, stealware is any type of malicious software that "redirects the payment of affiliate marketing revenues from the legitimate affiliate to the spyware vendor by placing the spyware operator's affiliate tag on the user's activity or replacing any other tag, if there is one." The niche aspect of the term stealware makes it a less known and rarely used term. Hence, it is more generalized as a type of spyware in mainstream usage.

Stealware has also broadened its capabilities through the manipulation of online banking systems. In a more mainstream term, this is known as banking malware. This malicious software manipulates online banking transactions and launders the stolen money to the operator of the malware.

title: Stealware


text: Category:Reporting

title: Category:Reporting


text: Category:2005 singles

title: Category:2005 singles


text:
Ron Vawter

Ron Vawter (December 9, 1948 – April 16, 1994) was an American actor and a founding member of the experimental theater company The Wooster Group. Vawter performed in most of the group's works until his death from a heart attack in 1994 at the age of 45.

Life and career
Vawter was born in Latham, New York, to Matilda (Buttoni) and Elton Lee Vawter. As a founding member of The Wooster Group, directed by Elizabeth LeCompte at the Performing Garage in downtown New York, Vawter originated roles in Rumstick Road, Nayatt School, Point Judith (an epilog), Route 1 & 9, Hula, L.S.D. (...Just the High Points...), Frank Dell's The Temptation of Saint Antony, North Atlantic, and Brace Up!. He appeared on video in Fish Story, and in the Group's video pieces White Homeland Commando and Flaubert Dreams of Travel but the Illness of His Mother Prevents It.

Vawter was a member of The Performance Group, from which The Wooster Group emerged in 1980. With The Performance Group, Vawter performed in Mother Courage and Her Children (Bertolt Brecht), The Marilyn Project (David Gaard), Cops (Terry Curtis Fox), and The Balcony (Jean Genet) -- all directed by Richard Schechner. In addition to his work over 15 years at the Performing Garage, Vawter appeared in films, including King Blank, Philadelphia, The Silence of the Lambs, and Sex, Lies, and Videotape, generally playing character roles. He also performed in theatre pieces by Richard Foreman, Jeff Weiss, and Mabou Mines.

Vawter explored themes of sexual identity in his 1992 work for the stage, Roy Cohn/Jack Smith, two linked monologues that contrast the characters of two gay men who died of AIDS. The Jack Smith section was a re-creation of Smith's performance "What's Underground About Marshmallows?," and the Roy Cohn section was written by Gary Indiana. It was directed by Greg Mehrten and created with Clay Shirky and Marianne Weems. The piece was released as a film directed by Jill Godmilow in which the sections were intercut.

Vawter's last piece of work was considered his artistic testament: the Philoktetes-variations, written by John Jesurun on Vatwer's request, and performed while the actor was dying of HIV/AIDS. Based on the story about Philoctetes—the ancient Greek warrior whose wound smelled so intolerably noxious that he was banished to the uninhabited island of Lemnos and abandoned by his comrades-in-arms on the way to Troy—it has consequently also become a metaphor for AIDS, with Philoktetes as a plagued outcast.

In director Jan Ritsema's triptych at the Brussels Kaaitheater in 1994, Vawter embodied Philoktetes in three forms, using his own body naked and covered with purple Kaposi rash. Through his visible being, he illuminated the connection between the performance's "here and now" and the story's "there and then," as well as between life and death, subject and object—as in his first audience address, when Vawter said that he was suffering from AIDS: "I am dying; I am on my way to the grave but am just doing this performance on the way."

Vawter was a graduate of Siena College, where he performed in Little Theater productions. Vawter died of a heart attack on April 16, 1994, in-flight on a commercial plane from Zürich to New York. He was 45.

Ron Vawter's papers are held by the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.

title: Ron Vawter


text:
Minkowski's question-mark function

In mathematics, Minkowski's question-mark function, denoted $?(x)$, is a function with unusual fractal properties, defined by Hermann Minkowski in 1904. It maps quadratic irrational numbers to rational numbers on the unit interval, via an expression relating the continued fraction expansions of the quadratics to the binary expansions of the rationals, given by Arnaud Denjoy in 1938. It also maps rational numbers to dyadic rationals, as can be seen by a recursive definition closely related to the Stern–Brocot tree.

Definition and intuition
One way to define the question-mark function involves the correspondence between two different ways of representing fractional numbers using finite or infinite binary sequences. Most familiarly, a string of 0s and 1s with a single point mark ".", like "11.001001000011111..." can be interpreted as the binary representation of a number. In this case this number is $$2+1+\frac18+\frac1{64}+\cdots=\pi.$$ There is a different way of interpreting the same sequence, however, using continued fractions. Interpreting the fractional part "0.001001000011111..." as a binary number in the same way, replace each consecutive block of 0's or 1's by its run length (or, for the first block of zeroes, its run length plus one), in this case generating the sequence $$[3;3,1,2,1,4,5,\dots]$$. Then, use this sequence as the coefficients of a continued fraction: $$3+\frac{1}{\displaystyle 3+\frac{1}{\displaystyle 1+\frac{1}{\displaystyle 2+\frac{1}{\displaystyle 1+\frac{1}{\displaystyle 4+\frac{1}{\displaystyle 5+\dots}}}}}}\approx 3.2676$$

The question-mark function reverses this process: it translates the continued-fraction of a given real number into a run-length encoded binary sequence, and then reinterprets that sequence as a binary number. For instance, for the example above, $$\operatorname{?}(3.2676)\approx\pi$$. To define this formally, if an irrational number $$x$$ has the (non-terminating) continued-fraction representation $$x=a_0+\frac{1}{\displaystyle a_1+\frac{1}{\displaystyle a_2+\cdots}}=[a_0;a_1,a_2,\dots]$$ then the value of the question-mark function on $$x$$ is defined as the value of the infinite series $$\operatorname{?}(x) = a_0 + 2 \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\left(-1\right)^{n+1}}{2^{a_1 + \cdots + a_n}}.$$ In the same way, if a rational number $$x$$ has the terminating continued-fraction representation $$[a_0;a_1,a_2,\dots,a_m]$$ then the value of the question-mark function on $$x$$ reduces to a finite sum, $$\operatorname{?}(x) = a_0 + 2 \sum_{n=1}^m \frac{\left(-1\right)^{n+1}}{2^{a_1 + \cdots + a_n}}.$$

Analogously to the way the question-mark function reinterprets continued fractions as binary numbers, the Cantor function can be understood as reinterpreting ternary numbers as binary numbers.

Self-symmetry
The question mark is clearly visually self-similar. A monoid of self-similarities may be generated by two operators $S$ and $R$ acting on the unit square and defined as follows: $$\begin{align} S(x, y) &= \left( \frac x {x+1}, \frac y 2 \right), \\[5px] R(x, y) &= (1 - x, 1 - y). \end{align}$$

Visually, $S$ shrinks the unit square to its bottom-left quarter, while $R$ performs a point reflection through its center.

A point on the graph of $?(x) − x$ has coordinates $?(x)$ for some $x$ in the unit interval. Such a point is transformed by $S$ and $R$ into another point of the graph, because $?$ satisfies the following identities for all $(x, ?(x))$: $$\begin{align} \operatorname{?}\left(\frac{x}{x+1}\right) &= \frac{\operatorname{?}(x)}{2}, \\[5px] \operatorname{?}(1 - x) &= 1 - \operatorname{?}(x). \end{align}$$

These two operators may be repeatedly combined, forming a monoid. A general element of the monoid is then $$S^{a_1} R S^{a_2} R S^{a_3} \cdots$$

for positive integers $?$. Each such element describes a self-similarity of the question-mark function. This monoid is sometimes called the period-doubling monoid, and all period-doubling fractal curves have a self-symmetry described by it (the de Rham curve, of which the question mark is a special case, is a category of such curves). The elements of the monoid are in correspondence with the rationals, by means of the identification of $x ∈ [0, 1]$ with the continued fraction $a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3}, …$. Since both $$S : x \mapsto \frac{x}{x+1}$$ and $$T : x \mapsto 1 - x$$ are linear fractional transformations with integer coefficients, the monoid may be regarded as a subset of the modular group $a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3}, …$.

Quadratic irrationals
The question mark function provides a one-to-one mapping from the non-dyadic rationals to the quadratic irrationals, thus allowing an explicit proof of countability of the latter. These can, in fact, be understood to correspond to the periodic orbits for the dyadic transformation. This can be explicitly demonstrated in just a few steps.

Dyadic symmetry
Define two moves: a left move and a right move, valid on the unit interval $$0\le x\le 1$$ as $$L_D(x) = \frac{x}{2}$$ and $$L_C(x) = \frac{x}{1+x}$$ and $$R_D(x) = \frac{1+x}{2}$$ and $$R_C(x) = \frac{1}{2-x}$$ The question mark function then obeys a left-move symmetry $$L_D \circ \text{?} = \text{?} \circ L_C$$ and a right-move symmetry $$R_D \circ \text{?} = \text{?} \circ R_C$$ where $$\circ$$ denotes function composition. These can be arbitrary concatenated. Consider, for example, the sequence of left-right moves $$LRLLR.$$ Adding the subscripts C and D, and, for clarity, dropping the composition operator $$\circ$$ in all but a few places, one has: $$L_D R_D L_D L_D R_D \circ \text{?} = \text{?} \circ L_C R_C L_C L_C R_C$$ Arbitrary finite-length strings in the letters L and R correspond to the dyadic rationals, in that every dyadic rational can be written as both $$y=n/2^m$$ for integer n and m and as finite length of bits $$y=0.b_1b_2b_3\cdots b_m$$ with $$b_k\in \{0,1\}.$$ Thus, every dyadic rational is in one-to-one correspondence with some self-symmetry of the question mark function.

Some notational rearrangements can make the above slightly easier to express. Let $$g_0$$ and $$g_1$$ stand for L and R. Function composition extends this to a monoid, in that one can write $$g_{010}=g_0g_1g_0$$ and generally, $$g_Ag_B=g_{AB}$$ for some binary strings of digits A, B, where AB is just the ordinary concatenation of such strings. The dyadic monoid M is then the monoid of all such finite-length left-right moves. Writing $$\gamma\in M$$ as a general element of the monoid, there is a corresponding self-symmetry of the question mark function: $$\gamma_D\circ \text{?} = \text{?}\circ \gamma_C$$

Isomorphism
An explicit mapping between the rationals and the dyadic rationals can be obtained providing a reflection operator $$r(x)=1-x$$ and noting that both $$r\circ R_D\circ r = L_D$$ and $$r\circ R_C\circ r = L_C$$ Since $$r^2=1$$ is the identity, an arbitrary string of left-right moves can be re-written as a string of left moves only, followed by a reflection, followed by more left moves, a reflection, and so on, that is, as $$L^{a_1}rL^{a_2}rL^{a_3}\cdots$$ which is clearly isomorphic to $$S^{a_1}TS^{a_2}TS^{a_3}\cdots$$ from above. Evaluating some explicit sequence of $$L_D,R_D$$ at the function argument $$x=1$$ gives a dyadic rational; explicitly, it is equal to $$y=0.b_1b_2b_3\cdots b_m$$ where each $$b_k\in\{0,1\}$$ is a binary bit, zero corresponding to a left move and one corresponding to a right move. The equivalent sequence of $$L_C,R_C$$ moves, evaluated at $$x=1$$ gives a rational number $$p/q.$$ It is explicitly the one provided by the continued fraction $$p/q=[a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots,a_j]$$ keeping in mind that it is a rational because the sequence $$(a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots,a_j)$$ was of finite length. This establishes a one-to-one correspondence between the dyadic rationals and the rationals.

Periodic orbits of the dyadic transform
Consider now the periodic orbits of the dyadic transformation. These correspond to bit-sequences consisting of a finite initial "chaotic" sequence of bits $$b_0,b_1,b_2,\ldots, b_{k-1}$$, followed by a repeating string $$b_k,b_{k+1},b_{k+2},\ldots, b_{k+m-1}$$ of length $$m$$. Such repeating strings correspond to a rational number. This is easily made explicit. Write $$y=\sum_{j=0}^{m-1} b_{k+j}2^{-j-1}$$ one then clearly has $$\sum_{j=0}^\infty b_{k+j}2^{-j-1} = y\sum_{j=0}^\infty 2^{-jm} = \frac{y}{1-2^m}$$ Tacking on the initial non-repeating sequence, one clearly has a rational number. In fact, every rational number can be expressed in this way: an initial "random" sequence, followed by a cycling repeat. That is, the periodic orbits of the map are in one-to-one correspondence with the rationals.

Periodic orbits as continued fractions
Such periodic orbits have an equivalent periodic continued fraction, per the isomorphism established above. There is an initial "chaotic" orbit, of some finite length, followed by a repeating sequence. The repeating sequence generates a periodic continued fraction satisfying $$x=[a_n,a_{n+1},a_{n+2},\ldots,a_{n+r},x].$$ This continued fraction has the form $$x = \frac{\alpha x+\beta}{\gamma x+\delta}$$ with the $$\alpha,\beta,\gamma,\delta$$ being integers, and satisfying $$\alpha \delta-\beta \gamma=\pm 1.$$ Explicit values can be obtained by writing $$S\mapsto \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 1 & 1\end{pmatrix}$$ for the shift, so that $$S^n\mapsto \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0\\ n & 1\end{pmatrix}$$ while the reflection is given by $$T\mapsto \begin{pmatrix} -1 & 1\\ 0 & 1\end{pmatrix}$$ so that $$T^2=I$$. Both of these matrices are unimodular, arbitrary products remain unimodular, and result in a matrix of the form $$S^{a_n}TS^{a_{n+1}}T\cdots TS^{a_{n+r}} = \begin{pmatrix} \alpha & \beta\\ \gamma & \delta\end{pmatrix}$$ giving the precise value of the continued fraction. As all of the matrix entries are integers, this matrix belongs to the projective modular group $$PSL(2,\mathbb{Z}).$$

Solving explicitly, one has that $$\gamma x^2 + (\delta-\alpha)x-\beta=0.$$ It is not hard to verify that the solutions to this meet the definition of quadratic irrationals. In fact, every quadratic irrational can be expressed in this way. Thus the quadratic irrationals are in one-to-one correspondence with the periodic orbits of the dyadic transform, which are in one-to-one correspondence with the (non-dyadic) rationals, which are in one-to-one correspondence with the dyadic rationals. The question mark function provides the correspondence in each case.

Properties of $[0; a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3},…]$
The question-mark function is a strictly increasing and continuous, but not absolutely continuous function. The derivative is defined almost everywhere, and can take on only two values, 0 (its value almost everywhere, including at all rational numbers) and $$+\infty$$. There are several constructions for a measure that, when integrated, yields the question-mark function. One such construction is obtained by measuring the density of the Farey numbers on the real number line. The question-mark measure is the prototypical example of what are sometimes referred to as multi-fractal measures.

The question-mark function maps rational numbers to dyadic rational numbers, meaning those whose base two representation terminates, as may be proven by induction from the recursive construction outlined above. It maps quadratic irrationals to non-dyadic rational numbers. In both cases it provides an order isomorphism between these sets, making concrete Cantor's isomorphism theorem according to which every two unbounded countable dense linear orders are order-isomorphic. It is an odd function, and satisfies the functional equation $PSL(2, Z)$; consequently $?(x)$ is an odd periodic function with period one. If $?(x + 1) = ?(x) + 1$ is irrational, then $x$ is either algebraic of degree greater than two, or transcendental.

The question-mark function has fixed points at 0, $1⁄2$ and 1, and at least two more, symmetric about the midpoint. One is approximately 0.42037. It was conjectured by Moshchevitin that they were the only 5 fixed points.

In 1943, Raphaël Salem raised the question of whether the Fourier–Stieltjes coefficients of the question-mark function vanish at infinity. In other words, he wanted to know whether or not $$\lim_{n \to \infty}\int_0^1 e^{2\pi inx} \, \operatorname{d?}(x)=0.$$

This was answered affirmatively by Jordan and Sahlsten, as a special case of a result on Gibbs measures.

The graph of Minkowski question mark function is a special case of fractal curves known as de Rham curves.

Algorithm
The recursive definition naturally lends itself to an algorithm for computing the function to any desired degree of accuracy for any real number, as the following C function demonstrates. The algorithm descends the Stern–Brocot tree in search of the input $x$, and sums the terms of the binary expansion of $x ↦ ?(x) − x$ on the way. As long as the loop invariant $?(x)$ remains satisfied there is no need to reduce the fraction $y = ?(x)$, since it is already in lowest terms. Another invariant is $qr − ps = 1$. The  loop in this program may be analyzed somewhat like a   loop, with the conditional break statements in the first three lines making out the condition. The only statements in the loop that can possibly affect the invariants are in the last two lines, and these can be shown to preserve the truth of both invariants as long as the first three lines have executed successfully without breaking out of the loop. A third invariant for the body of the loop (up to floating point precision) is $m⁄n = p + r⁄q + s$, but since $d$ is halved at the beginning of the loop before any conditions are tested, our conclusion is only that $p⁄q ≤ x < r⁄s$ at the termination of the loop.

To prove termination, it is sufficient to note that the sum  increases by at least 1 with every iteration of the loop, and that the loop will terminate when this sum is too large to be represented in the primitive C data type. However, in practice, the conditional break when  is what ensures the termination of the loop in a reasonable amount of time.

Probability distribution
Restricting the Minkowski question mark function to ?:[0,1] → [0,1], it can be used as the cumulative distribution function of a singular distribution on the unit interval. This distribution is symmetric about its midpoint, with raw moments of about m1 = 0.5, m2 = 0.290926, m3 = 0.186389 and m4 = 0.126992, and so a mean and median of 0.5, a standard deviation of about 0.2023, a skewness of 0, and an excess kurtosis about −1.147.

title: Minkowski's question-mark function


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Should consider addition of zootomy as a sub-category Courtland 01:41, 2005 Feb 7 (UTC)

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Cris Collinsworth

Anthony Cris Collinsworth (born January 27, 1959) is an American former football player and sports broadcaster. Collinsworth was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons (1981–1988), all with the Cincinnati Bengals. He played college football at the University of Florida, where he was recognized as an All-American. He is a television sportscaster for NBC, Showtime, and the NFL Network, and winner of 17 Sports Emmy Awards. He is also the majority owner of Pro Football Focus.

Early life
Collinsworth was born in Dayton, Ohio, the son of Abraham Lincoln "Abe" Collinsworth and Donetta Browning Collinsworth. Abe, known as "Lincoln" in high school, was one of the top scorers in Kentucky high-school basketball history, and played for the Kentucky Wildcats "Fiddling Five" who won the 1958 national championship. Both of Cris's parents were educators; Donetta was a teacher, and Abe was a high-school teacher and coach who later became a principal and eventually the superintendent of schools for Brevard County.

His family, including Cris and his younger brother Greg, moved from Ohio to Melbourne, Florida, in 1963, when Cris was four years old. They moved to nearby Titusville in 1972, where he and his brother attended Astronaut High School, while their father was the principal. Cris was successful in multiple sports for the Astronaut War Eagles, and during his senior year in 1976, he won the Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA) Class 3A 100-yard-dash state championship and was named a high-school All-American quarterback.

College career
Collinsworth's combination of height and speed attracted the attention of college football programs throughout the South, and he accepted an athletic scholarship from coach Doug Dickey to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Though he was recruited as a run-first quarterback for the Gators' option offense, Collinsworth threw a 99-yard touchdown pass to Derrick Gaffney against the Rice Owls in his first collegiate attempt, a toss which remains tied for the longest touchdown pass in NCAA history.

Florida's option attack struggled against top defenses in Collinsworth's freshman season of 1977, so Coach Dickey decided to transition his team from a run-oriented offense to a more balanced pro set attack for 1978. Collinsworth was moved to wide receiver, where his new position coach was former Gator quarterback Steve Spurrier in his first year as a coach. Though Florida's offense did not improve enough to save the jobs of Dickey or his coaching staff, Collinsworth flourished in his new role. He was named a first-team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) selection in 1978, 1979 and 1980, and was named both a first-team All-American and a first-team Academic All-America in 1980. Collinsworth was a senior captain on the 1980 Gator team that posted the biggest one-year turnaround in NCAA Division I football history at the time, improving to 8–4 after posting a 0–10–1 record in 1979, Charlie Pell's first season as Florida's head coach. Collinsworth finished his collegiate career by being named the MVP of the 1980 Tangerine Bowl.

During his career at Florida, Collinsworth caught 120 passes for 1,937 yards, and rushed for another 210. He scored 14 touchdowns receiving, two rushing, one on a kickoff return, and threw two touchdown passes. He also returned 30 kickoffs for 726 yards for an average of 24.2 yards per return. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in accounting in 1981 and was inducted into the University of Florida Student Hall of Fame the same year. He was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Gator Great" in 1991, and as part of a recognition of 100 years of Florida football in 2006, The Gainesville Sun recognized him as the No. 12 all-time Gator player.

Professional career
Collinsworth was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the second round (37th pick overall) of the 1981 NFL Draft, and spent his entire eight-year NFL career with the Bengals. In his first season, Collinsworth was the team's leading receiver and set the Bengals franchise record for receptions by a rookie with 67, the most by an NFL rookie wide receiver in 21 years. He surpassed 1,000 yards receiving four times (in 1981, 1983, 1985, and 1986) and was named to the Pro Bowl in 1981, 1982 and 1983. At 6ft 5in in height, Collinsworth often created mismatches against much smaller cornerbacks. In addition to his height advantage, he was a legitimate deep threat due to his speed.

In Super Bowl XVI, Collinsworth was the game's leading receiver with five receptions for 107 yards, but committed a costly second quarter fumble when he was hit by San Francisco defensive back Eric Wright. The fumble was immediately followed by a 92-yard 49ers touchdown drive, and San Francisco won 26–21.

In 1985, Collinsworth signed with the Tampa Bay Bandits of the United States Football League (USFL), but the contract was voided when he failed the physical due to a bad ankle. He returned to the Bengals and played for them through the end of the 1988 season, catching three passes for 40 yards in Super Bowl XXIII, the final game of his career. He finished his eight-season NFL career with 417 receptions for 6,698 yards and 36 touchdowns in 107 games.

Broadcasting career
After his retirement as an NFL player, Collinsworth began a broadcasting career as a sports radio talk show host on Cincinnati station WLW. Initially, he was a guest host for Bob Trumpy (also a Bengals alumnus), but took over the show full-time as Trumpy accepted more television assignments. He then became a reporter for HBO's (now Showtime's) Inside the NFL in 1989.

In 1990, he became a part of the NBC network's NFL broadcasts, as well as some of the college programming. He joined the NBC pregame show in 1996.

In 1995, he appeared on HBO broadcasting at Wimbledon with Billie Jean King, Martina Navratilova, and Barry MacKay.

In 1998, Collinsworth joined the NFL on Fox team after NBC lost their broadcast rights to CBS. After several years as a color commentator on the Fox NFL Sunday pregame show, Collinsworth was assigned to the network's lead game broadcasting crew (teaming with Joe Buck and Troy Aikman) in 2002. He worked on Fox's Super Bowl XXXIX telecast three years later. Collinsworth was also the host of the television show Guinness World Records Primetime during his stay at Fox.

In 2006, Collinsworth could be seen on three networks during football season. In addition to co-hosting Inside the NFL on HBO, he returned to NBC as a studio analyst for that network's Sunday night NFL coverage and did color commentary on the NFL Network. He also served as color commentator for NFL Network Thursday night games (and one Saturday-night game) alongside play-by-play man Bryant Gumbel and Bob Papa.

In the NBC broadcasts of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Collinsworth appeared alongside Bob Costas as a commentator on numerous occasions. Collinsworth and Costas paired again during the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada. He also continued his work on Inside the NFL when it debuted on its new home on Showtime.

Collinsworth is also the color commentator on Madden NFL 09 and Madden NFL 10 with Tom Hammond, as well as in Madden NFL 11 and Madden NFL 12 with Gus Johnson.

In 2009, Collinsworth filled the color-commentator role vacated by John Madden on NBC's Sunday Night Football, with Al Michaels. and as of 2022 is in his fourteenth season of the high-profile telecast, paired with Mike Tirico, after Michaels was named the new play-by-play announcer for Prime Video’s coverage of Thursday Night Football.

Collinsworth was the host of Inside the Vault on WGN America.

Collinsworth is on the Board of Selectors of Jefferson Awards for Public Service.

One of the most well-known trademarks of Collinsworth's work in the broadcasting booth was his performance of the "Collinsworth Slide" before each game. After Al Michaels gave a brief introduction for the upcoming game, the camera would pan out slightly and allow Collinsworth to slide himself into the picture via his broadcasting chair, after which he provided insights of his own.

Awards and honors
Football
 * 1980 First-team All-American
 * 1983 First-team All-Pro
 * Three-time Pro Bowl selection
 * Academic All-America Hall of Fame inductee (class of 2001).
 * University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame inductee

Broadcasting
 * 17-time Sports Emmy Award winner (eight for Studio Analyst and nine for Field Analyst)
 * In 2023, he was inducted into the Sports Broadcasting Hall of Fame.

Personal life
Collinsworth received a juris doctor degree from the University of Cincinnati College of Law in 1991. He lives in Fort Thomas, Kentucky, with his wife, Holly (Bankemper) Collinsworth, an attorney, and their four children. His son, Austin Collinsworth, is a former football player and team captain at the University of Notre Dame. Another son, Jac, also attended Notre Dame and was a featured reporter for ESPN's Sunday NFL Countdown before joining his father at NBC, where he is the on-site host for Football Night in America and also hosts NBC's Notre Dame football, NASCAR, and coverage for other big events such as the [Indianapolis 500, ] and Kentucky Derby.

On March 12, 2011, Collinsworth reportedly was among 83 people rescued from Jeff Ruby's Waterfront restaurant in Covington, Kentucky, when the floating restaurant tore loose from its moorings and began to drift on the Ohio River, only to be stopped by the Brent Spence Bridge that links Ohio to Kentucky. Collinsworth also has a steak named after him by the same restaurant.

title: Cris Collinsworth


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title: User talk:209.247.222.87