text:
File:Mentmore towers dining room.jpg

Source
This image is part of a promotional brochure produced in the early 1980s by The World Government of the Age of Enlightenment, (a branch of Transcendental Meditation) the former owners of Mentmore Towers, who occupied the near empty house and gave flying lessons there (not London to New York, but straight up and down while sitting on a magic carpet or whatever). Realising this had limited success as a business venture, they then branched into the rather more lucrative world of film. Their brochure was sent out to many film companies in the hope of leasing the house as a film set.

Licence and fair-use-rationale
Mentmore Towers Dining Room

Use of this image in the article Mentmore Towers is fair as it is used to illustrate the subject discussed, it is small and reproduction here cannot harm the copyright holder, and no alternative is known to exist.

Because this room no longer exists in this form no new photograph can be taken of it. Giano (talk) 20:52, 12 August 2008 (UTC), revised Hoary (talk) 13:16, 3 December 2011 (UTC)

title: File:Mentmore towers dining room.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Danny Janda

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE.

Danny Janda
See also Votes for deletion/The Wind of the West. Non-notable, article in first person. RickK 22:10, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Vanity page. --Gabriel Beecham/Kwekubo 22:15, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just another vanity article that makes me sigh and ask "Who bloody cares?" Zzyzx11 00:19, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. - Jpo 01:15, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Useless waste of electrons. Johntex 02:25, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 02:29, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Longhair 14:40, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Calumet, Michigan

Does the "Calumetopoly" game really have any encyclopedic significance? --64squares 22:11, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

No. Bigturtle 17:04, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think that almost ever city of any notability has a Cityname-opoly. -- dcclark (talk) 21:07, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * And quite a few unremarkable cities as well. This has no place in an encyclopedia. I can see it now: List of places with a version of Monopoly made for it. Gah. older ≠ wiser 21:33, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Caluet to be Michigan Capital?
The article previously mentioned the following: Calumet is famously known as the runner up in the decision of the location of the Michigan State Capitol, having lost to Lansing by one vote. It seems interesting and would be great to put back in. Does anyone have a source?--24.209.135.229 (talk) 21:59, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

 * It's bogus information. Most of the UP west of the Mackinac/Sault area was wilderness in the 1840s when the location of the capital was being decided. older ≠ wiser 23:03, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

 * This is referred to as an urban legend in Larry Lankton's "Cradle to Grave". Not to mention that C&H wasn't even founded until the mid 1860's, so Red Jacket / Calumet / Laurium didn't even exist yet. -- dcclark (talk) 01:24, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

Having worked at the Keweenaw National Historical Park, and based upon SEVERAL books, inculding Lankton, Calumet was defintely NOT ever a contender with Lansing to be the capital. The Keweenaw was still largely a wasteland when Douglass Houghton, the Michigan state geologist made his survey in 1841. It wasn't until *1864* that Edwin Hulbert discovered the load of copper called the Calumet Conglomerate upon which the town would revolve around and Red Jacket (Calumet) wasn't organized as a town until 1867, 20 years AFTER Lansing was chosen as the capital. So how in the name of sanity can a non-existent town be a contender for the state capital 20 years before it was founded? And who started this ahistorical rumor anyway? 67.247.147.235 (talk) 15:39, 18 June 2013 (UTC)

Brick Pavement
First in Michigan, should be mentioned. --Daniel C. Boyer 20:19, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

I added the oldest paved road in Michigan. Feel free to edit t as needed! Moonlandingwasahoax (talk) 18:40, 11 July 2019 (UTC)

JROTC
Link seems to be dead. Someone should investigate. --141.219.44.44 21:51, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Calumet historical population
In the 3rd paragraph under History, we learn:
 * "By 1900, Red Jacket and the surrounding company towns had a population of some 60,000."

But then the article explains that Calumet township actually had only slightly more than half that population, and that to arrive at that 60,000, we have to include Hancock, Dollar Bay, South Range, Atlantic, and Dodgeville. Honestly, do the folks in South Range really think of themselves as part of the "greater Calumet metroplex"? Why don't we just give the population of Calumet township and leave it at that? Plazak (talk) 19:14, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

I corrected the population figures to reflect only Red Jacket and Calumet Township. Now as the the following statement in the article: "Red Jacket suffered from mining labor strikes, and the population began to decline." The above wording implies that the labor troubles caused the decline in population; if anyone can substantiate such a connection, please add documentation. A more likely cause for the period 1910-1920 is greater mining productivity due to mechanization. Plazak (talk) 16:49, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I just noticed this comment. The strike did indeed cause a population decline. As the strike dragged on, workers moved to the non-striking mines in the Ontonogan and Marquette areas. Mechanization had some impact, but not actually that much. The biggest reason was mine closure during the great depression: almost no mines stayed open during that time. -- dcclark (talk) 14:02, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Whatever declines suffered during the strike 1913-1914 would have been quickly made up during WWI, when Michigan copper production soared to all-time record highs. However, use of pneumatic drills, which was one of the issues during the strike, meant that fewer miners were needed per ton of ore.  You are right about the depression; that was the greatest cause of decline.Plazak (talk) 14:23, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Pronunciation
An indication would be helpful for non-locals. Which syllable is stressed? Is it roughly CA-lu-met? Ca-LOO-met? Ca-lu-MET? Draggleduck (talk) 04:37, 23 May 2010 (UTC)
 * It's CAL-you-met. I live here, so that's how I know. --Saukkomies talk  01:25, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

George Gipp?
Uhm. It says that George Gipp is a notable person from Calumet. However, adjacent Laurium also claims his as one of their own. And Laurium actually has a memorial shrine dedicated to Gipp's memory erected in a prominent place in the town. However, I don't want to get picky about this. --Saukkomies talk 01:27, 11 July 2013 (UTC)
 * I guess some of the question is what is meant by "native" or "from" Calumet. He was born in Laurium (which at the time of his birth was officially called Calumet, and Calumet was Red Jacket, just to make things confusing). It's hard to separate the two towns, so I don't think there is a problem with him being in both lists. I see here that he attended Calumet High (which I believed served both towns at the time, as it does now). Don't know if this helps. Chris857 (talk) 02:25, 11 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I agree with you, Chris. Gipp is also buried in the Calumet Cemetery, which is not actually in the city limits of Calumet, but is where most people who have lived in the Calumet area (including Laurium) are interred. I believe both Calumet and Laurium could therefore make a claim to being Gipp's home town, and this is confusing to people who may not understand how the two communities are so intertwined geographically, but I think it is good to have at least brought up the subject in the "Talk" page of this article, in case someone wants to delve into this deeper. --Saukkomies talk 11:15, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

Being from Laurium, I highly believe that the story is true that George Gipp is from Laurium. I have heard this many times, and there are two memorial service for him (one being the George Gipp Arena located at the corner of 3rd St and Isle Royale St.) Moonlandingwasahoax (talk) 18:34, 11 July 2019 (UTC)

"Red Dawn" the 1984 movie...
Correction: As stated: in the 1984 movie, "Red Dawn", 'Calumet'  was not re-created in Colorado but in Las Vegas, New Mexico as meticulously detailed in this Utube video by 'adamthewoo'. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I35Y2qp19vw — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.128.177.207 (talk) 20:25, 11 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Calumet, Michigan. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov to http://factfinder2.census.gov
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 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html

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Calumet name change revert edit
The revert edit on 17 January 2017 done by user Daniel C. Boyer is legitimate. He removed erroneous information regarding the history of Calumet, though originally it was added by another user with honest good intent. The information removed discussed the name change and incorporation of the communities of Red Jacket, Calumet, Hecla and Laurium, and included a link to a web page hosted by InfoMi, a dubious source at best. The confusion in the wording of the reference is due to the fact that it is talking about the US Post Office that opened in Calumet in 1866 that eventually took over the mail delivery of the surrounding areas. However, this does not mean that these separate communities merged civil governments. The communities of Red Jacket, Calumet, Hecla, South Hecla and others did merge to form the single town of Calumet, but Laurium always remained a separate civil entity. Additionally, Laurium was once called Calumet, and in 1893 it acquired its own separate post office and changed its name to the present Laurium.

Much of this confusion is made more clear if one takes into consideration that the communities derived their original names from the copper mine shafts they were built around to provide housing for the mine workers. Sometimes the same mine would have several shafts built far apart from each other to access the intricate mine tunnels below. The Calumet/Hecla Mine is such a case, and the shaft bearing the name of Calumet Mine Shaft was located in the present-day town of Laurium. The same is the case with the other communities: Red Jacket, Hecla, South Hecla, etc. all were the names of the mine shafts located in various places, and gave their names to the communities that surrounded them, even though sometimes those communities were directly adjacent to each other, forming a cohesive, uninterrupted town. When Red Jacket, Hecla, South Hecla merged their civil governments and formed the town of Calumet, it was in response to the often confusing situation in which people often had no idea what town they were living in, as the boundaries were often unclear. Laurium, however, being the community where many of the more affluent mine employees lived, refused to merge with Calumet, and so when the other adjacent communities merged, Laurium voted to change its name and remain as a separate civil entity, and retained its separate social identity to this day. Today, Laurium is by far the larger community, however it is Calumet that is more widely known.

Here is the cited text from the reference that the original editor used as the basis for the erroneous edit:
 * ″Calumet was given a post office in 1866. Gradually it encompassed the seperate communities of Laurium, Hecla, and South Hecla. In 1929 it united with the incorporated village of Red Jacket, keeping the name of Calumet.″ − //www.infomi.com/city/calumet/

--Saukkomies talk 15:32, 17 January 2017 (UTC)

Calumet Public Library
Hello all, I had just went to look at the Calumet Public Library page and had seen that it now redirects to this page. Was it moved? What happened? Archigan (talk) 20:31, 2 May 2020 (UTC)
 * It was BOLDly redirected by on April 28. I think I likely would have done the same. Libraries have no presumption of notability and as you should know, notability is based on how much has been written about a subject. For a local library to be notable, it would have to meet ORGDEPTH, which requires that a showing be made of notability beyond the subject's local area. Library systems that span a significant geographic area are usually notable. Older libraries in large cities, the same. Many many small town libraries are notable, but they are generally notable for the building they occupy, not the library itself. Many Carnegie Libraries are on the NRHP  and that is generally considered a presumption of notability. If you disagree,, your next move is to undo the edit, but if PC doesn't take it to WP:AFD, I will. That's the next step after you revert the redirect if others disagree, and I'd guess at least two will. John from Idegon (talk) 01:48, 3 May 2020 (UTC)

I fully agree with you, John from Idegon. It is not near as notable as, say, the old C&H Historic Library. I will not undo the edit nor will I contest it. Archigan (talk) 20:32, 6 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Calumet, Michigan


text: User talk:80.168.130.126

title: User talk:80.168.130.126


text: User talk:81.132.37.232

title: User talk:81.132.37.232


text:
Epilepsy Action

Epilepsy Action is a British charity providing information, advice and support for people with epilepsy.

Activities
Epilepsy Action provides freephone and email helplines and a wide range of information booklets, web pages and e-learning courses. It has around 100 local support groups across England, Wales and Northern Ireland and a network of volunteers working in the community. It also organises conferences for people with epilepsy and health professionals with an interest in the condition. It also has a website that includes information about epilepsy.

It undertakes and encourages non-laboratory research into epilepsy and the issues surrounding living with the condition.

Since 2008, the charity has organised the annual Bradford 10K athletics race which in 2019 attracted 3,000 runners.

Campaigns
The charity has received international media coverage on a number of occasions due to its work in highlighting bad practice in online videos in relation to photosensitive epilepsy.

 * In 2007, it claimed that 30 people had seizures as a result of a segment of animated footage commissioned by the organising committee of the London 2012 Summer Olympics to promote its logo.
 * In 2011, Epilepsy Action highlighted issues with the video for the Kanye West song "All of the Lights". Tests of the video showed that it failed the flashing images guidelines set down by UK broadcasting watchdog Ofcom and so was likely to trigger a seizures in someone with photosensitive epilepsy. A warning was placed on YouTube for people watching the video on its website.
 * In 2015, it highlighted the presence of advertisements with flashing content that were posted on Vine by Twitter. The Advertising Standards Authority confirmed that Twitter were in breach of its guidelines.

title: Epilepsy Action


text: User talk:69.162.41.33

title: User talk:69.162.41.33


text:
User:Gpvos

See nl:Gebruiker:Gpvos.

af:Gebruiker:Gpvos cs:Wikipedista:Gpvos da:Bruger:Gpvos de:Benutzer:Gpvos el:Χρήστης:Gpvos es:Usuario:Gpvos eo:Vikipediisto:Gpvos fr:Utilisateur:Gpvos fy:Meidogger:Gpvos id:Pengguna:Gpvos it:Utente:Gpvos la:Usor:Gpvos li:Gebroeker:Gpvos nl:Gebruiker:Gpvos ja:利用者:Gpvos no:Bruker:Gpvos pl:Wikipedysta:Gpvos pt:Usuário:Gpvos ru:Участник:Gpvos fi:Käyttäjä:Gpvos sv:Användare:Gpvos tr:Kullanıcı:Gpvos zh:User:Gpvos

title: User:Gpvos


text:
Alan Hutton

Alan Hutton (born 30 November 1984) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a right back.

Hutton started his career with Rangers, and won the league title in 2005. He moved to English football with Tottenham Hotspur in 2008, and helped them win the League Cup later that year. After a loan spell with Sunderland in 2010, Hutton joined Aston Villa in 2011. He initially struggled with Villa, and was loaned to Mallorca, Nottingham Forest and Bolton Wanderers. Hutton then enjoyed a renaissance with Villa, where his defensive exploits earned him the moniker "The Scottish Cafu". He left the club after helping them win promotion back to the Premier League in 2019, making over 200 appearances for the club.

Hutton made 50 appearances for the Scotland national team between 2007 and 2016. He was also shortlisted for selection to the Great Britain Olympic football team for the London 2012 Olympics, but did not make the final squad.

Rangers
Hutton joined Rangers on 4 September 2000. He made his debut against Partick Thistle in a Scottish Premier League match on 22 December 2002. It was his only appearance that season; however, he made eleven appearances during 2003–04, scoring his first goal against Dunfermline Athletic at Ibrox on 23 March 2004.

He made twelve appearances during 2004–05 as the club won both the Scottish Premier League title and the Scottish League Cup. He broke his leg in February 2005 whilst playing in a league match against Kilmarnock, and was sidelined for eight months.

The 2005–06 season proved to be difficult for Rangers domestically, and Hutton only made 23 appearances in the first team, competing with Dutchman Fernando Ricksen for the right back position. He signed a new five-year contract with Rangers in the summer of 2007.

Hutton started the 2007–08 season well, earning praise from Sir Alex Ferguson. He played a part in Rangers' opening UEFA Champions League group match victories against VfB Stuttgart and Olympique Lyonnais. Hutton made a total of 94 league appearances for Rangers, scoring two league goals against Dunfermline and Hibernian. He also scored goals against Partizan Belgrade in the UEFA Cup and East Stirlingshire in the Scottish Cup.

Tottenham Hotspur
During the January transfer window in the 2007–08 season, Premier League side Tottenham Hotspur made a bid, believed to be in the £5 million region, for Hutton. He initially rejected the chance to join Spurs, and did so again when they improved their offer. The protracted transfer was finally completed on 30 January 2008, with the fee reported to be in the region of £9 million. He made his Spurs debut on 2 February in a 1–1 draw with Manchester United. Hutton was cup-tied for the remainder of Spurs' UEFA Cup campaign. In just his third appearance for the club he played as Tottenham won the 2008 Football League Cup Final against Chelsea.

Loan to Sunderland
On 1 February 2010, Hutton signed for Sunderland on loan until the end of the season, and made his debut in the 1–1 draw with Wigan Athletic. On 24 April 2010, he was shown a red card for a clash with Jozy Altidore. Sunderland and Hutton were keen to make the move permanent, however they were unwilling to pay the fee that Spurs were demanding.

Return to Tottenham
After Sunderland failed to sign Hutton on a permanent deal, he returned to Spurs, scored in the opening game of the season, and won a penalty, allowing newly signed Rafael van der Vaart to convert and score Tottenham's first goal in the match, a 3–1 win against Wolverhampton Wanderers. He since started and played the full 90 minutes against Manchester United at Old Trafford in a 2–0 Premier League defeat. At the end of the 2010–11 season, he made 26 appearances for Spurs in all competitions. The next appearance, Hutton scored again, as Tottenham Hotspur lost to Bolton Wanderers. He was Tottenham's first choice right-back for the majority of the 2010–11 season, often being preferred to Croatian international Vedran Ćorluka on the right hand side of the Spurs defence. Hutton was also an important fixture in Tottenham's 2010–11 UEFA Champions League campaign that saw them reach the quarter-finals, including being part of the team that produced a memorable 3–1 victory over European champions Internazionale. However, his season ended in April, after suffering a knee injury, which ruled him out for the rest of the season.

However, at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, Tottenham Hotspur right-back Kyle Walker was regularly chosen ahead of Hutton in defence following his return from a loan spell away at Villa Park. Hutton was heavily linked with a £3 million transfer to Aston Villa, the club that Walker had recently returned from. After joining Aston Villa, Hutton made accusations towards Harry Redknapp of making his life a misery by training with the youth side and that he was treated as an 'outcast' during his three years spell at Tottenham Hotspur.

Aston Villa
On 31 August 2011, Aston Villa confirmed that they had signed Hutton on a four-year contract in a deal thought to be worth £40,000 a week to Hutton, along with fellow Tottenham player Jermaine Jenas, who arrived on loan. This move reunited Hutton with Alex McLeish, one of his former managers at Rangers. Upon joining Villa, Hutton said that the club was the 'only place he wanted to go'.

Hutton made his debut for Aston Villa on 10 September in a 2–2 draw away at Everton. Hutton also took part in Villa's 2–1 defeat to local rivals West Brom, where a tackle on Shane Long injured Long's knee keeping him out for six weeks. The tackle received no punishment during the game but later sparked a retrospective debate as to the fairness of the challenge. After the match his tackle was labelled 'vicious' by West Brom manager Roy Hodgson. Hutton was defended by Villa assistant manager Peter Grant, who insisted that Hutton is not a dirty player. McLeish also came out in support of Hutton, as well as expressing sympathy for Long. Later in the season Hutton's fiery reputation continued, as he was shown a second yellow card and sent off in Villa's 2–1 defeat at home to Arsenal on 21 December.

Hutton's first season at Villa Park was disappointing, and his future at the club remained in doubt during the close season. The speculation intensified when new Villa manager Paul Lambert signed Sheffield United right-back Matthew Lowton on 6 July 2012. Ten days later, Hutton was left out of the 25-man squad chosen to represent the club on the pre-season tour of the United States. Having been left out of the first team, Hutton admitted that he found himself in a difficult situation, but said that he hoped to force himself back into first-team contention.

Loan to Nottingham Forest
Having his first team opportunities limited at Aston Villa, Hutton joined Nottingham Forest on an emergency loan, until 2 January 2013, making him available for nine matches. Upon his loan move, Chairman Omar Al Hasawi described Hutton's move to Nottingham Forest, as a "big asset". Two days later, Hutton made his debut, making a quick impact by providing an assist for Billy Sharp to score the opener, as Nottingham Forest beat Wolves 2–1. Hutton established himself, playing right back in defence and played all the matches until his loan spell ended.

Loan to Mallorca
On 29 January 2013, Hutton was loaned out to Spanish side Mallorca until the end of the season. On 3 February 2013, Hutton made his debut, playing at right-back, in a 3–0 loss against Real Sociedad. The club were relegated, but despite this, Hutton expressed a desire to stay at the club next season. On 30 June 2013, Hutton's loan spell with Mallorca came to an end. The club then tried to sign Hutton, this time on a permanent basis. However, the move never materialised as the club could not afford a permanent deal.

Loan to Bolton
On 28 February 2014, he completed an emergency loan move to Football League Championship side Bolton Wanderers. He will spend an initial 28-day spell at the Reebok Stadium. He was on the bench for their next two games and made his Wanderers debut on 11 March 2014 in a goalless draw with Derby County at Pride Park. Bolton extended his loan deal at the club until the end of the 2013–14 season after he made a good impression in his first few games for the club.

Return to Aston Villa
Following his various loan spells, Hutton returned to Villa in 2014 and earned a surprise recall in a 3–1 pre-season friendly win over Mansfield Town on 18 July, putting in a good performance and assisting the equalising goal scored by Darren Bent, who had also returned following a massive absence from selection. Hutton's good pre-season form continued, and once the new Premier League season began he found himself as first choice right back again. On 16 September, after a strong start to the season both for Hutton personally and for Aston Villa, Hutton capped off a remarkable turnaround in his Villa career by signing a new 3-year contract at the club. He scored his first Villa goal against Leicester City on the half volley in December 2014.

He started and completed the 2015 FA Cup Final, a 4–0 defeat to Arsenal, and featured regularly (28 appearances) as Aston Villa finished bottom and were relegated from the Premier League the following season. On 14 June 2018, Hutton signed a new contract to remain at Villa Park until 2019. Hutton scored in a Second City derby win against Birmingham City on 25 November 2018, running from inside his own half before finishing with his left foot.

Hutton was released by Aston Villa at the end of the 2018–19 season. On 19 February 2020, he announced his retirement from professional football.

Scotland
Hutton was capped by the Scotland men's national football team as well as at under 21 and B levels.

Along with his then-Rangers teammate Charlie Adam, Hutton was called up by manager Alex McLeish to the Scotland squad for the first time on 11 May 2007 for a friendly against Austria and a Euro 2008 qualifying match against the Faroe Islands. He made his international debut against Austria on 30 May 2007, coming on as a substitute. Hutton made his competitive debut against Lithuania in September 2007. Hutton was part of the Scotland team that beat France at Parc des Princes in September 2007.

Hutton won his 50th cap in March 2016, in a 1–0 win against Czech Republic. Scotland manager Gordon Strachan said in November 2016 that Hutton had retired from international football.

Club

 * Source:

International

 * Source:

Honours
Rangers
 * Scottish Premier League: 2004–05

Tottenham Hotspur Aston Villa
 * Football League Cup: 2007–08

 * FA Cup runner-up: 2014–15

Individual
 * Scottish FA International Roll of Honour (50 caps): 2016

title: Alan Hutton


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of terms and concepts used in alternative medicine

List of terms and concepts used in alternative medicine
Redundant with Index of topics in alternative medicine. This page is just a series of dicdefs of key entries in the index of topics. Content should be merged to index of topics, and this page should be made a redirect. Snowspinner 22:16, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC) I am reasonably persuaded that this should actually be the list to survive, and that Index of topics in alternative medicine should be deleted instead. Snowspinner 21:51, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I agree one of the two of them should go, but I kind of like this one more than Index of topics in alternative medicine, and I think it is the latter that I would delete.  For one thing, a category can handle what the Index article is doing, but not what this one is doing. --BM 18:23, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC) (Oops, missed a tilde the last time)
 * Fair enough I was thinking of merging with index, but I can take the other way around. Who are you? Snowspinner 05:47, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, redundant/duplicate page, no redirect. Megan1967 06:37, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP -- This is quite an ingenious List that is actually very practical. It happens to be part of a set of 5 Lists called the Core Project Lists and Articles of the Wikiproject on Alternative Medicine. Together these 5 Lists provide a master list of alternative medicine topics. The Wikiproject on Buddhism uses the same kind of article.  Their List is called the Buddhist terms and concepts. Instead of editors writing 100s, if not 1,000s, of stub articles on the various terms and concepts used in alternative medicine all these quick and to the point stub writeups are written in one very long List called the: List of terms and concepts used in alternative medicine. What does this list do?  Quoting Categories, lists, and series boxes: "Lists have a substantial advantage over categories and series boxes in that they can be annotated. A list can include items that do not yet have an article, and can also show series or groups where the items would be completely separate on the category page. A well-annotated list may duplicate a category, but not be redundant with it.". That is precisely what this List does for terms and concepts used in alternative medicine.  As the above quote stated this List is heavily annotated. It is in effect a glossary on alternative medicine. The Index of topics in alternative medicine is NOT annotated. This list shares absolutely nothing in common with the Index of topics in alternative medicine. -- John Gohde 14:18, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Feel free to recreate the content of the miscellaneous article into one of your project subpages, then. The article namespace should be used for articles - not lists of things needing expansion. If an article would stop being useful once its contents all have articles, it should be moved somewhere out of the article namespace. Snowspinner 17:47, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Its clearly a glossary and should be part of the Glossaries category. It can quite easily co-exist with an index as the two do in many books. Lumos3 16:07, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * That's fine, but ultimately limiting. Ideally, the terms and concepts should all be defined. If the two were merged, it would clearly show areas in which more definitions are needed. Snowspinner 17:47, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Paul August  ☎ 16:27, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Annotated lists are extremely useful. WpZurp 16:47, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Perhaps a better title for this might be: "Glossary of terms and concepts used in alternative medicine". Paul August ☎ 18:03, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Merge and redirect with Index of topics in alternative medicine --Lee Hunter 19:02, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and move to Glossary of alternative medicine. Once other cleanup is done (see my suggestion on Votes for deletion/List of miscellaneous topics related to alternative medicine), Index of topics in alternative medicine could then just be a list of lists. --Zigger 19:27, 2005 Feb 16 (UTC)
 * Keep. For link source purposes, a list of terms actually seems more concrete to me than "topics", but seems useful either way.  Chris Rodgers 02:20, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Certainly this information should be kept, regardless of whether it's merged with another article or kept separate.  (And regardless of whether the ideas on this page have any medical validity or not; there are, for example, pages on theories in physics that were shown long ago to be erroneous; nobody says that's a reason to delete them.)  I'm inclined to say "list of terms and concepts" is often not the same thing as "list of topics"; that may depend on the subject matter.
 * Keep Let's remember that we're trying to look at things from the perspective of the legitimate seeker for information. It's more practical from that perspective and more educationally useful. SimonATL 11:45, 23 June 2006 (UTC)


text:
Talk:2005 Labrador by-election

Wouldn't it be best to merge this into Labrador? - SimonP 22:17, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:2005 Labrador by-election


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Game development/archive1

Game development
I recently rewrote this article and it occurred to me that a lot of people might be interested in the topic. Pretty thorough walkthrough of the stages of computer and video game development. It's been through peer review and has had a few copyedits. Some people suggested that it should be renamed, but that was discarded since we don't have any articles on other types of game development (at least not yet), such as board game or card game development. The articles game design, game designer, game programmer and game programming are nice sister articles to this one. Self-nomination.— Frecklefoot | Talk 22:18, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC) 5) The "The development process" is the only section with reasonable content, while it's contents do not appear very specific to game development (see 4)). The other sections are single paragraphs mostly. This indicates that the structure should be revised and/or the article is lacking content. Looking at the article, I think both should be addressed. 5) The "sidebars" are non-standard and look ugly in my browser. This is not a magazine article, but an encyclopedia. If the content of these bars is not relevant enough to be in the main article, remove them or put them in another article and link to it. 6) I don't get a good picture of the development of a typical game. How many people work on it? What kind of education/work experience do they have? What tasks do they perform? How many time does it take? Etc. etc. etc. 7) The article focusses mainly on "big, high profile games", and only briefly mentions "independent" developers (whatever "independent" may mean). What about simple games, for example for the web or even cell phones? What about simpler and smaller Games? Jeronimo 07:47, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Very interesting and informative but still need some work: 1) The two sidebars ("Regression testing" and "What's an asset?") make the sections next to them difficult to read. It's a combination of the spacing and colors. They might work better as separate sections. 2) There should be a separate section for "Completion" that details what happens when the game goes gold. 3)I'd like to see more specific examples of how long certain games took to make. Mention a few popular games, their development time and reason for that time duration. Carrp | Talk 22:46, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. 1) No lead section. 2) No references. These first two are basic requirementes for an FAC. Please don't nominate articles that do not even meet such basic requirements. Furthermore: 3) There's no history section. How did this field develop over the years? 4) We get no comparison with development of "ordinary" software - I am a software developer, and I see a lot of parallels (and differences). These should be highlighted. I'm especially missing information about the visual and audio parts of the game, which differ most from normal software.
 * Object. Agreed with Jeronimo on all points. Get rid of/expand/merge non-sections like culture, locales, overview. Apart from the main development process section, none is really thorough/satisfying. An elegant way of addressing two of the concerns cited above by other users would be to move up content from the Overview section into the lead, after slight editing. Phils 10:08, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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Soccer Bowl

The Soccer Bowl was the annual championship game of the North American Soccer League (NASL), which ran from 1968 to 1984. The two top teams from the playoffs faced off in the final to determine the winner of the NASL Trophy. From the league's founding in 1968 through 1974, the championship game (or series, as it was played through 1971) was known as the NASL Championship Final, and in 1984 the single game was replaced by a best-of-three series known as the Soccer Bowl Series.

History
The NASL championships began as a two-game aggregate goal series in 1968 and switched to a best-of-three series in 1971. In 1972, the league adopted a single-game championship hosted by the higher-seeded club.

Then-NASL Commissioner Phil Woosnam wanted to build excitement for the championship game. He envisioned a week-long, neutral-site championship event in the mold of the NFL's Super Bowl. On August 24, 1975, the first Soccer Bowl was played at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California, as the Tampa Bay Rowdies defeated the Portland Timbers. Unlike the Super Bowl, the NASL's annual numbering scheme did not use Roman numerals (e.g., Super Bowl IX), but instead used the last two digits of the year played (e.g., Soccer Bowl '78).

Under Woosnam's guidance, the Soccer Bowl became a major sporting event. The biggest attendance was for Soccer Bowl '78, when 74,091 filled Giants Stadium in the New York metropolitan area, still the highest attendance to date for any club soccer championship in the United States.

The last Soccer Bowl returned to a best-of-three series format and occurred in early October 1984. The league ceased operation in 1985.

Format
The NASL used several different formats for its championship matches over the course of its history.

The 1968 and 1970 NASL Finals were contested with a two-game series, one in each of the two teams' stadiums, and the winner decided by aggregate goals.

The NASL contracted from 17 teams to 5 for the 1969 season, so no final was held. Instead, as in many leagues in Europe, the championship was awarded to the team with the most points at season's end.

The 1971 NASL Final was played in a best-of-three series, with games one and three hosted by the higher-seeded team.

After 1971, the NASL Championship Final switched to a single game. The 1972 through 1974 were hosted by the highest-seeded team. In 1975, Woosnam's dream of a neutral-site event became reality, and the Soccer Bowl was born. That format continued through the 1983 final.

For the league's final season in 1984, the finals reverted to a best-of-three series, although it retained the "Soccer Bowl" moniker, used alternately with "Soccer Bowl Series".

Legacy
A new minor league North American Soccer League began play in 2011, borrowing much of the iconography of the original. This second league used the name "Soccer Bowl" for their championship match in 2013, and then only for the championship trophy itself from 2014 through the end of the league in 2017.

Results
Sources: WildStat, NASL, Steve Dimitry, Soccer Times

 * Notes

title: Soccer Bowl


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Open Your Eyes (Goldfinger album)

Open Your Eyes is the fourth album by American punk rock band Goldfinger. It was released on May 21, 2002. This was the first album to feature former Ünloco guitarist, Brian Arthur, after Charlie's departure from the band.

Release
On March 7, 2002, Open Your Eyes was announced for release in two months' time. "Open Your Eyes" was released to radio in late March. In April and May 2002, the band toured the US and Canada with Sum 41. Open Your Eyes was released on May 21, 2002, through Jive and Mojo Records. In May and June, the band toured across the US, which was followed by three shows in Canada in July. In August, the band appeared at a few of the North-eastern Warped Tour shows. On August 13 and September 23, the band performed on the Last Call with Carson Daly. In October, the band toured across Australia. In April 2003, the band headlined the Skate and Surf Fest.

Reception
Open Your Eyes was met with generally favourable reviews from music critics.

Track listing
All songs are written by John Feldmann, except where noted.

Personnel

 * John Feldmann – rhythm guitar, lead vocals
 * Brian Arthur – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Kelly LeMieux – bass, backing vocals
 * Darrin Pfeiffer – drums, backing vocals

title: Open Your Eyes (Goldfinger album)


text: Talk:Open Your Eyes (Goldfinger album)

title: Talk:Open Your Eyes (Goldfinger album)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Advanced Office Password Recovery

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was COPYVIO; VfD inapplicable

Advanced Office Password Recovery
Blatant ad for a non-encyclopedic software package. Page created by an anon whose only other edit was to add this software package to a list of certain types of software on another page. Katefan0 22:18, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

It's a copyvio. I'll deal with it accordingly. RickK 22:23, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

There are three other password recovery programs at Wikipedia (l0phtcrack for example). What's wrong with this one ?
 * As I said above, it's a copyright violation. Unless you own the rights to information at http://www.elcomsoft.com/aopr.html, you can't copy it to Wikipedia.  RickK 22:28, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Keep and delete any existence of copyvio. With over 45,700 hits on google this passes "the test".    GRider\talk 00:01, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Rewrite. The original author of this article needs to recover his lost or forgotten writing skills on how to avoid copyright violations. Zzyzx11 00:55, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, rewrite and expand, passes Google test. Megan1967 02:51, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think the google test is relevant for this one. The first few pages are all software download sites.  The few that I checked did not show it as heavily downloaded nor did the review sites give it particularly high marks.  I'm inclined to delete unless stronger evidence can be found.   Rossami (talk) 05:15, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Are the people voting keep aware of the way copyright violations are handled? The article has to be deleted so that the copyright violation is removed from the history.  Then the article can be rewritten without the copyvio.  There is nothing to vote on until the article has gone through the copyvio procedure.  RickK 05:23, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't speak for others, but I was trying to express the opinion that whether or not it is deleted as a copyvio, the topic does not appear to meet our generally accepted standards of inclusion and that, therefore, no one should waste their time writing a non-copyvio version. Rossami
 * Keep, seems notable. JamesBurns 08:02, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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Duleek

Duleek is a small town in County Meath, Ireland.

Duleek takes its name from the Irish word daimh liag, meaning house of stones, referring to an early stone-built church, St. Cianán's Church, the ruins of which are still visible in Duleek today.

As per the 2022 census, the population of Duleek reached 4,899, a two-fold increase since 2002. The town is 8 km south-west of Drogheda, and 35 km north of Dublin city centre. Duleek is in a civil parish of the same name.

History

Duleek began as an early Christian monastic settlement. Saint Patrick established a bishopric here about 450 AD, which he placed in the care of Saint Cianán on 24 November 489. The place was sacked several times by the Norsemen between 830 and 1149 and was also pillaged by the Normans in 1171. In April 1014, the bodies of Brian Ború and his son lay in state in Duleek on their way to Armagh. The original monastery settlement is reputed to be the place where Saint Patrick and several contemporaries spent the winter period while compiling the Seanchas Mór, the first written compiled form of the ancient Brehon Laws of Ireland, in the fifth century. The 12th century saw the reconstitution of the original monastery as Saint Mary's Abbey and the subsumption of the Diocese of Duleek by the Diocese of Meath.

The first Anglo-Norman Lord of Meath, Hugh de Lacy, established a manor and constructed a motte castle at Duleek. In 1180, he granted Saint Cianán's Church, together with certain lands, to the Augustinians. The churchyard of the now disused Church of Ireland church occupies part of the site of the early monastery. On the opposite side of the village, in the town land of Abbeyland, close to the river Nanny and Duleek House there are ruins of the Grange of Saint Michael. This grange was established in about 1172 by Augustinian monks from Llanthony in Monmouthshire; the lands were granted to them by the De Lacy family. The village's four crosses and the lime tree on the village green are reminders of Duleek's links to the struggle between William III and James II and to wider European unrest at the time of Louis XIV of France. However, one of the four, the Wayward Cross, was erected in 1601 by Janet Dowdall in memory of her husband, Sir William Bathe of Athcarne Castle, outside the village. During World War II, or The Emergency, German bombers accidentally struck the village on 1 January 1941, causing minor damage without casualties.

The Duleek Heritage Trail covers a number of sites in the village centre and was "conceived as a series of stepping stones through the village" and its history.

Rail
Duleek railway station was opened on 1 August 1850, as part of the line from Drogheda to Navan (and later to Oldcastle). It closed on 1 June 1958. Zinc ore trains from Tara Mines to Dublin Port continue to pass through the station.

Road
Duleek is on the R150 and R152 regional roads. Bus Éireann regional routes serve Duleek from Dublin and Drogheda.

Notable people

 * Mick McGowan, darts player, is from the village
 * Keane Barry, darts player, is from the village
 * Sir William Bathe of Athcarne Castle (died 1597)
 * Frederick Smith, recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Kate Kennedy (educator), women's rights advocate

title: Duleek


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of miscellaneous topics related to alternative medicine

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was title redirected to Index of topics in alternative medicine. Cyrius|✎ 05:34, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

List of miscellaneous topics related to alternative medicine
There is no reason for both this and Index of topics in alternative medicine to exist. Snowspinner 22:19, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, redundant/duplicate page, no redirect. Megan1967 06:38, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, do not redirect. Gazpacho 06:40, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP I just edited this List to make the introduction consistent with the new name. This article  happens to be an index or list of other articles on alternative medicine. It happens to be part of a set of 5 Lists called the Core Project Lists and Articles of the Wikiproject on Alternative Medicine. Together these 5 Lists provide a master list of alternative medicine topics.  What does this list do?  Quoting Categories, lists, and series boxes: "Lists have a substantial advantage over categories and series boxes in that they can be annotated. A list can include items that do not yet have an article, and can also show series or groups where the items would be completely separate on the category page. A well-annotated list may duplicate a category, but not be redundant with it.". That is precisely what this List does for miscellaneous topics in alternative medicine. The key difference betweeny this list and Index of topics in alternative medicine is that this list as the quote states above includes items that do not yet have an article.  In other words, it is how the project on alternative medicine is suggesting what new articles can be written by any editor.  Index of topics in alternative medicine lists only articles currently existing on Wikipedia. -- John Gohde 13:48, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It is not accidental that I did not list five CAM lists on VfD. List articles are fine. I love list articles. Miscellaneous topics, index of topics, and terms and concepts, however, do not have any clear difference among them, thus two of the three should go. Snowspinner 14:02, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Each of the 5 lists covers a different topic. As the guideline you have been referring me to lately states, lists can make suggestions for new articles that can be written. That is what this List does. You could merge the red color open links into the Index as those are articles that have not been written yet.  But, I see no reason to mess with it.  It is fine just the way it is. -- John Gohde 14:26, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You are misunderstanding the guideline. Perhaps this is because it is unclear. I am not sure. Regardles, yes. One of the advantages of lists is that they can show places where Wikipedia needs expansion. However, that is an advantage - not a primary purpose. If the major purpose of this article is a form of "pages needing creation/expansion," it should be moved to the Wikipedia namespace and filed under your Wikiproject. Snowspinner 17:52, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * I was under the impression that making comments like yours in a VfD vote was not permitted. Am I wrong on this? And, why are you constantly talking about guidelines, as if you had the final authority on every guideline? You do not seem to be very knowledgeable about many things, such as to what you are trying to delete for who knows what reason. -- John Gohde 13:21, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * man that is a badly defined article. Delete.Geni 17:35, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Index of topics in alternative medicine and delete, unless someone can explain to me the distinction between this article and "index of topics" article, which so far, I fail to see. Paul August ☎ 17:59, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Index of topics in alternative medicine and delete --Lee Hunter 19:03, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but move overlapping topics to List of branches of alternative medicine and List of famous people in alternative medicine as appropriate so that the list is indeed miscellaneous. Remove the sub-list of Illness targeted by alternative treatments.  Move List of terms and concepts used in alternative medicine to Glossary of alternative medicine.  Index of topics in alternative medicine could then just be a list of lists.  --Zigger 19:23, 2005 Feb 16 (UTC)
 * I'm neutral on exactly the disposition of this, but can we get consensus that at the very least it would be appropriate to keep in Wikipedia space or user space? -- Jmabel | Talk 20:31, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * If not deleted, move to the project space - David Gerard 13:51, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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De Havilland Canada Dash 7

The de Havilland Canada DHC-7, popularly known as the Dash 7, is a turboprop-powered regional airliner with short take-off and landing (STOL) performance. Variants were built with 50–54 seats. It first flew in 1975 and remained in production until 1988 when the parent company, de Havilland Canada, was purchased by Boeing in 1986 and later sold to Bombardier. In 2006 Bombardier sold the type certificate for the aircraft design to Victoria-based manufacturer Viking Air.

Design and development
In the 1960s, de Havilland Canada was already well known worldwide for their series of high-performance STOL aircraft, notably the very popular DHC-2 Beaver and DHC-6 Twin Otter. However, these aircraft were generally fairly small and served outlying routes, as opposed to the busier regional airliner routes which were already well served by larger, higher-performance turboprop aircraft such as the Fokker F27, Fairchild F-27, Convair 580, Convair 600, and Hawker Siddeley 748.

The de Havilland Canada company personnel felt they could compete with these designs in a roundabout way. With their excellent STOL performance, their designs could fly into smaller airports located in city centres and smaller, outlying, more austere airports having runways that the other aircraft could not easily use (unpaved, unimproved). The original specification called for an aircraft that could carry 40 passengers and operating from runways only 2,000 ft, and designed for, with a full load of passengers, the ability to fly 700 nautical miles (1296km), or a range of 805 statute miles.

With new noise restrictions coming into effect throughout the 1970s, an aircraft tailored for this role would also have to be very quiet. Propeller noise is a factor of blade length and chord and the speed at which it rotates. To meet these new regulations, the new design used much larger (oversized) propellers geared to rotate at a lower speed than is normally designed. Much of the problem sound from a typical propeller is generated at the tips of the blades which are rotating at or just beneath the speed of sound. By using oversize propeller blades, there is no need to have the blade tip reaching near the speed of sound, and the rotating speed can therefore be reduced without sacrificing thrust. In reducing the speed, this noise is reduced substantially. The Dash 7 often landed at only 900 rpm, and took off at only 1,210 rpm.

In other respects, the new DHC-7 was essentially a larger, four-engine version of the Twin Otter: the general layout remained similar, with a high aspect ratio, high-mounted wing, and similar details of the cockpit and nose profile. Changes included the addition of cabin pressurization (requiring a switch to a fuselage with a circular cross-section), landing gear that folded forward into the inner engine nacelles, and a large T-tail intended to keep the elevator clear of the propwash during take-off (the Twin Otter's empennage was a cruciform arrangement).

The Twin Otter incorporated "flaperons" that drooped the ailerons as part of the flaps, but these were not included in the Dash 7 due to weight and complexity. Instead, the ailerons were reduced in size to allow more flap area, and were augmented with two sets of roll spoilers, or "spoilerons". The inboard roll spoilers operate at all speeds. while the outboard roll spoilers only operate at speeds less than 130 KIAS to allow for more roll control at slower speeds. Upon touchdown, both the inboard and outboard roll spoilers extend in unison to aid in destroying lift created by the wing. Each wing also includes two ground spoilers which only extend on touchdown. Most of the trailing edge is spanned by a complex, double Fowler flap arrangement for high lift at low speed. During a typical STOL landing, flaps are selected to the 45° position, generating more lift and drag, thus allowing for steeper descents and lower approach speeds. Depending on weight, the VREF speed with flaps at 45° is between 70 and 85 knots. On touchdown, through "squat switches" in the main gear, the flaps automatically retract to the 25° position, thus reducing lift once on the runway and producing better braking performance. The flaps also retract to 25° when engine power is increased during a go-around procedure. The four-engine layout aids lift at low speeds due to the wide span of the propellers blowing air over the wing ("propwash"). When reverse thrust is selected on landing, the props reverse pitch, push air forward, and slow the aircraft very effectively along with the antiskid main wheel brakes. More importantly, if an engine fails, the asymmetric thrust is much less than on a twin-engine layout, thereby increasing safety and allowing for a lower minimum control speed with an engine inoperative.

Operational history

Development started in 1972 and the prototype first flew on March 27, 1975. Testing went smoothly, and the first delivery took place to Rocky Mountain Airways on February 3, 1978. The Dash 7 enabled Rocky Mountain Airways to operate scheduled passenger air service from Denver into the Avon STOLport in Colorado which was controlled by the airline. The Avon STOLport was located in a mountain valley in close proximity to the Vail, CO ski resort. Another close-in ski resort airfield served by Rocky Mountain Airways with Dash 7 flights from Denver was Steamboat Springs Airport in Colorado. With a relatively short runway length of 4,452 feet and an airfield elevation of 6,882 feet, the Dash 7 was well suited for operations from this airport located in the Rocky Mountains. Flying as Continental Express via a code sharing agreement with Continental Airlines, Rocky Mountain Airways also operated the Dash 7 into the Telluride Airport located in the San Juan Mountains of southwest Colorado with this mountain airport having an airfield elevation of 9,078 feet thus making it one of the highest airports in the U.S.

Kapalua Airport on the island of Maui, Hawaii was built by Hawaiian Airlines with a 3000-foot runway, specifically for Dash 7 operations. Scheduled passenger flights with new Dash 7 turboprops began on March 1, 1987. In 1993, this private airport was acquired by the state of Hawaii.

One hundred Dash 7 turboprops were delivered by 1984, when the production line was put on hold in favour of the Dash 8. Another 13 were delivered between 1984 and 1988, when the production lines were removed when Boeing bought the company. The last Dash 7 was bought by Tyrolean Airways.

The original Series 100 represents the vast majority of the aircraft delivered, and came in two models; the DHC-7-102 passenger version and -103 combi with an enlarged cargo door. These were followed by the Series 110 which met British CAA requirements, including the -110 and -111, and finally the Series 150 which included additional fuel capacity and an improved interior in the -150 and -151. Plans were made for a Series 200 with the new PT6A-50/7 engines which improved hot-and-high power, but these plans were shelved when Boeing ended production of the design.

The mixture of features on the Dash 7 met with limited commercial success. Most commuter airline turboprop operators used the aircraft as feeder liners into large airports, where the STOL performance was not considered important. In comparison to other feeder liners, the Dash 7's four engines required twice the maintenance of a twin-engine model, thereby driving up operational costs. Finally, those airports that did require a high-performance STOL operation were generally small and well served by the Twin Otters; had an airport needed a larger plane to serve its customer base, they would have built a longer runway. One exception to this was operations at London City Airport (LCY), which upon opening in 1987, was capable of handling few other aircraft types besides the Dash 7 due to its relatively short runway and steep approach. The runway at LCY was subsequently lengthened, and the approach angle reduced somewhat and since accepts airliners such as the Airbus A220, Airbus A318, British Aerospace BAe 146 and Embraer 190 types. Noise criteria remain strict in comparison with other international airports.

The Dash 7 also gained a number of military orders. The first of these was for two aircraft for the Canadian Armed Forces, which needed them to transport high-ranking passengers and freight around Europe. These aircraft received the CF designation CC-132 and were delivered to 412 Transport Squadron at Canadian Forces Base Lahr, in West Germany.

The United States Army operates several Dash 7 aircraft as surveillance platforms with the designation EO-5C (RC-7B before 2004) under the Airborne Reconnaissance Low program.

Transport Canada operates a single DHC-7-150IR aircraft to conduct maritime surveillance, pollution monitoring, and ice patrols as part of the Transport Canada National Aerial Surveillance Program. The aircraft's home base is Ottawa, Ontario. During the summer, this aircraft conducts patrols throughout the Canadian Arctic, Alaska, and Greenland. During the fall and winter, this aircraft conducts patrols of the Great Lakes and east or west coasts of Canada as required.

The design of a much more "conventional" twin-engine design commenced at de Havilland in 1978, resulting in the extremely popular Dash 8. The DHC-7 production line eventually delivered 113, of which six have been lost and one scrapped. Many of the rest remain in service.

The American band Wilco released a song called "Dash 7" on their 1995 album A.M.

Variants

 * DHC-7-1
 * Prototypes, two built

 * DHC-7-100
 * Production passenger variant with a maximum of 54 passengers (with 43000 lb takeoff weight)

 * DHC-7-101
 * Production passenger/cargo variant with a maximum 50 passengers and a left-hand forward cargo door (with 43000 lb takeoff weight)

 * Production passenger variant with a maximum of 54 passengers (with 44000 lb take-off weight)
 * Production passenger variant with a maximum of 54 passengers (with 44000 lb take-off weight)

 * Production passenger/cargo variant with a maximum of 50 passengers and a left-hand forward cargo door (with 44,020 lb take-off weight)
 * Production passenger/cargo variant with a maximum of 50 passengers and a left-hand forward cargo door (with 44,020 lb take-off weight)

 * DHC-7-110
 * DHC-7-102 certified for use in the United Kingdom

 * DHC-7-111
 * DHC-7-103 certified for use in the United Kingdom

 * DHC-7-150
 * Improved 1978 version with higher gross weight, increased fuel capacity, and improved passenger amenities

 * DHC-7-150IR
 * One series 150 modified in 1986 for Transport Canada for ice/pollution patrols of the Canadian Arctic

 * CC-132
 * Canadian military designation for the Series 102/103

 * O-5A ARL-I (Airborne Reconnaissance Low – IMINT)
 * Converted by California Microwave Incorporated 1991–92

 * EO-5B ARL-C (Airborne Reconnaissance Low – COMINT)
 * United States military designation for Series 102

 * EO-5C ARL-M (Airborne Reconnaissance Low – Multi-sensor)
 * Converted by California Microwave Incorporated 1996

 * RC-7B ARL-M (Airborne Reconnaissance Low – Multi-sensor)
 * Redesignated EO-5C in 2004

Accidents and incidents
The de Havilland Canada DHC-7 has been involved in six accidents (and 10 incidents overall) with a total of 68 fatalities.
 * April 28, 1982 – an Aerovías Nacionales de Honduras DHC-7-103 was hijacked at Le Ceiba-Goloson International Airport in Honduras with no loss of life.
 * May 9, 1982 – an Alyemda DHC-7-103 crashed into sea near Aden International Airport in Yemen, killing 23 of 49 on board.
 * June 23, 1982 – a Henson Airlines DHC-7 was hijacked at Staunton-Shenandoah Valley Airport, in Virginia with no lives lost.
 * February 15, 1983 – Rio Airways Flight 252 DHC-7-102 was hijacked at Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, with none of 20 on board injured.
 * May 6, 1988 – Widerøe Flight 710 DHC-7-102 crashed on a hillside during poor weather near Brønnøysund Airport in Norway, killing 36 on board.
 * November 28, 1998 – a DNK Aviation Leasing Group DHC-7-102 crashed after an engine failed during a test flight near Ashburton, United Kingdom killing the crew of two.
 * July 23, 1999 – a US Army DHC-7-102 (O-5A) crashed into a mountain near Orito in Putumayo province in Colombia, killing all seven on board.
 * September 7, 1999 – a Skyline Nigeria DHC-7-102 was damaged from a belly landing at Port Harcourt Airport with 19 on board (no fatalities).
 * September 4, 2002 – Asian Spirit Flight 897 DHC-7-102 slid off the runway at Manila-Ninoy Aquino International Airport with 49 on board (no fatalities).
 * May 1, 2006 – Trans Capital Air (a Toronto-based charter company) for United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) DHC-7-102 crash-landed at Zwedru Airport in Liberia after its landing gear failed to extend, with 40 on board (37 Ethiopian soldiers) all uninjured.

Current airline and other operators

As of July 2018, a total of 17 Dash 7 aircraft (all variants) remain in commercial service. Other aircraft remain in other services.

 * Air Tindi (5)
 * National Aerial Surveillance Program (1)
 * Trans Capital Air (9)
 * Airkenya Express (2)
 * British Antarctic Survey (1)
 * United States Army (3)
 * British Antarctic Survey (1)
 * United States Army (3)
 * United States Army (3)
 * United States Army (3)

Former operators

 * Kaikén Líneas Aéreas
 * Jetcraft Aviation
 * Tyrolean Airways
 * Air Atlantic
 * AirBC
 * Air Tindi
 * City Express
 * Time Air
 * Trans Capital Air
 * Wardair (both aircraft named 'Don Braun')
 * Voyageur Airways
 * Helicol
 * Maersk Air
 * Air Greenland
 * Aviones Comerciales de Guatemala (Avcom)
 * Aéro Ruta Maya
 * Sahsa
 * Pelita Air Service (2)
 * Arkia
 * Air Greenland
 * Aviones Comerciales de Guatemala (Avcom)
 * Aéro Ruta Maya
 * Sahsa
 * Pelita Air Service (2)
 * Arkia
 * Sahsa
 * Pelita Air Service (2)
 * Arkia
 * Arkia
 * Arkia

 * Berjaya Air
 * Berjaya Air

 * Newmans Air
 * Skyline (Nigeria)
 * Widerøes Flyveselskap
 * DNK Aviation Leasing Group
 * Air Niugini
 * Asian Spirit
 * Zest Airways (Formerly Asian Spirit, now Air Asia Zest)
 * Adria Airways
 * Inter Air - Operated one aircraft
 * Regional Air Services (Tanzania)
 * Brymon
 * London City Airways
 * Air Oregon
 * Air Pacific (United States) (commuter airline based in California, acquired by Golden Gate Airlines)
 * Air West (commuter air carrier in Texas not to be confused with Hughes Air West)
 * Air Wisconsin
 * Allegheny Commuter
 * Atlanta Express Airline Corp.
 * Atlantic Southeast Airlines (ASA) (subsequently renamed as ExpressJet)
 * Continental Express (operated by Rocky Mountain Airways in code share service for Continental Airlines)
 * Crown Airways (operated on Allegheny Commuter service)
 * Delta Connection (operated by Atlantic Southeast Airlines (ASA) and Rio Airways in code share services for Delta Air Lines)
 * Era Aviation (operated code share service for Alaska Airlines in Alaska)
 * Golden Gate Airlines
 * Golden West Airlines
 * Gulfstream International Airlines
 * Hawaiian Airlines
 * Henson Airlines (operated code share service for Piedmont Airlines)
 * MarkAir Express (operated code share service for MarkAir in Alaska)
 * Maverick Airways (operated code share service in Colorado for the current version of Frontier Airlines)
 * Pan Am Express (operated by Ransome Airlines for Pan Am via a code sharing agreement)
 * Paradise Island Airlines
 * Ransome Airlines
 * Rio Airways
 * Rocky Mountain Airways – worldwide launch customer
 * Ross Aviation
 * Trans World Express (operated by Ransome Airlines on behalf of TWA via a code sharing agreement)
 * Conviasa
 * Linea Turistica Aerotuy (1)
 * Maverick Airways (operated code share service in Colorado for the current version of Frontier Airlines)
 * Pan Am Express (operated by Ransome Airlines for Pan Am via a code sharing agreement)
 * Paradise Island Airlines
 * Ransome Airlines
 * Rio Airways
 * Rocky Mountain Airways – worldwide launch customer
 * Ross Aviation
 * Trans World Express (operated by Ransome Airlines on behalf of TWA via a code sharing agreement)
 * Conviasa
 * Linea Turistica Aerotuy (1)
 * Linea Turistica Aerotuy (1)

 * South Yemen
 * Alyemda

Other civilian operators
The British Antarctic Survey operates a single Dash 7 in support of its research programme in Antarctica. The aircraft undertakes regular shuttle flights between either Stanley on the Falkland Islands, or Punta Arenas, Chile, and the Rothera Research Station on Adelaide Island. It also operates to and from the ice runway at the Sky Blu Logistics Facility on the Antarctic mainland.

Military operators

 * Canadian Forces (two delivered 1979 to Canadian Air Mobility Tasking for use at CFB Lahr, flown until 1987 - replaced by DHC-8)
 * United States Army (10 – 1 O-5A, 2 EO-5B, 5 RC-7B)
 * Venezuelan Navy (one delivered in 1982)
 * United States Army (10 – 1 O-5A, 2 EO-5B, 5 RC-7B)
 * Venezuelan Navy (one delivered in 1982)
 * Venezuelan Navy (one delivered in 1982)

title: De Havilland Canada Dash 7


text:
Don Quixote (album)

Don Quixote is Canadian singer Gordon Lightfoot's seventh studio album, released in 1972 on the Reprise Records Label. The album reached #42 on the Billboard album chart.

The album contains little innovation on Lightfoot's trademark folk sound, although it is notable for containing Lightfoot's third and fourth seafaring songs, "Christian Island (Georgian Bay)" and "Ode to Big Blue" (his first two being "Marie Christine" from Back Here on Earth and "Ballad of Yarmouth Castle" from Sunday Concert). Lightfoot would continually revisit nautical themes over the next ten years. Don Quixote also contains a rare Lightfoot foray into the protest song genre in the form of the longest track on the album, "The Patriot's Dream", a ballad describing the enthusiasm of soldiers on a troop train "riding off to glory in the spring of their years", followed by the pathos of a woman receiving news that her husband's aircraft had been shot down in combat. The title track is a lyrical paean to Cervantes’ half-mad hero.

"Beautiful" was released as a single and peaked at #13 in Canada and #58 on the Billboard singles chart. The album itself was on the Canadian charts from March 11, 1972, to January 27, 1973.

On February 13, 1988, Lightfoot performed "Alberta Bound" in McMahon Stadium during the Opening Ceremonies for the 1988 Winter Olympics held in Calgary, Alberta, with Ian and Sylvia.

Track listing
All compositions by Gordon except as indicated. Lightfoot was 34 at the time of the release.

Side 1

 * 1) "Don Quixote" – 3:41
 * 2) "Christian Island (Georgian Bay)" – 4:02
 * 3) "Alberta Bound" – 3:07
 * 4) "Looking at the Rain" – 3:40
 * 5) "Ordinary Man" – 3:19
 * 6) "Brave Mountaineers" – 3:36

Side 2

 * 1) "Ode to Big Blue" – 4:48
 * 2) "Second Cup of Coffee" – 3:03
 * 3) "Beautiful" – 3:23
 * 4) "On Susan's Floor" (Shel Silverstein, Vince Matthews) – 2:58
 * 5) "The Patriot's Dream" – 6:04

Personnel

 * Gordon Lightfoot - 6- & 12-string guitar
 * Red Shea - hi-string guitar, classical guitar, dobro
 * Terry Clements - lead acoustic guitar
 * Rick Haynes - bass
 * Ry Cooder - mandolin
 * Bob Thompson - string arrangements "Don Quixote" and "The Patriot's Dream"
 * Nick DeCaro - all other string arrangements

title: Don Quixote (album)


text:
Doc Films

Doc Films, formerly the Documentary Film Group, is a student-operated film society at the University of Chicago. According to a 2007 Chicago Tribune article, it is "the longest-running collegiate film society in the country" and may be the oldest film society of any kind in the United States. Formed in 1932 as a group of students who gathered to screen documentary films, it officially adopted the name International House Documentary Film Group in 1940. It has since expanded both the genres it screens and the activities it sponsors.

History
Doc Films began in 1932 as the Documentary Film Group, as the students involved collected money to pay for documentaries they would screen. In 1940, it officially became the International House Documentary Film Group.

Activities
As the student organizers realized that they could not sustain the organization on documentaries alone, they expanded to incorporate fictional and experimental films. While the University's classes are in session, Doc Films hosts nightly screenings of films selected from one of these categories at Max Palevsky Cinema, located in Ida Noyes Hall. Doc's screening selection is eclectic. Each quarter of the academic year, students and members of the public propose series of nine films that are somehow related to each other (filmmaker, actor, language, genre, era, theme, etc.). The Programming Committee, which consists of any interested students or members of the public, then chooses among these proposals to schedule a different series for each weeknight (Sunday through Friday). Recent films, normally delayed one quarter from their nationwide release date, are shown on weekends. Occasionally, Doc screens films which have not yet been released to the general public in the area, including The Rules of the Game and Brokeback Mountain. The daily operations of the theater are also completely run by volunteers, either students or interested members of the community. These volunteers sell and collect tickets, present films, and project the films.

Other events include showings of student films and conversations with faculty and professionals connected to the film industry. It has hosted a number of film directors, including Alfred Hitchcock, Woody Allen and John Ford.

title: Doc Films


text:
Talk:Cribbs Causeway

Tom Cribb
I have a vague memory, probably based on a newspaper article that isn't online, that Cribbs Causeway gets its name from Tom Cribb, the Hanham-born bare-knuckle boxing champion - the idea being that it (the road from Henbury towards Over, that is) was on his training route. How much truth there is in any of that, I don't know, and I can't find any confirmation online. --rbrwr± 22:20, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The Street Names of Bristol - Their Meanings and Origins (vol 1) by Veronica Smith has this to say on Cribb's Causeway:
 * Legend has it that the place owed its name to Tom Cribb, the fabled bare-fist fighter, but that was quashed by the discovery that the name had appeared on a map four years before the boxer was born. The name Crybe could have been a personal name - Crybe's dwelling - or it could have derrived from Crib - a manager or hovel. Thryduulf 01:22, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Good work. --rbrwr± 15:16, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Merge proposal
If you remove the parts of The Mall, Cribbs Causeway that duplicate this article then there is actually very little extra information. Some of that, for example the car parking, could (and imho probably should) be expanded to cover the car parking for all of Cribbs Causeway. Thryduulf (talk) 12:49, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

Okay, I could do some work expanding this article, and merging them. Mark999 13:15, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Well done for your work merging The Mall and bus station articles (I hadn't spotted the existence of the latter). Thryduulf (talk) 21:14, 15 June 2009 (UTC)

That's fine, I'd created The mall, Cribbs Causeway article, so only fair, I merge it back into this article Mark999

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title: Talk:Cribbs Causeway


text:
Portal:Aviation/Selected picture

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Selected article

Selected biography

Selected aircraft

Usage

 * 1) Add a new Selected article to the next available subpage. Use Portal POTD or Selected picture.
 * 2) Update max to new total for its Random portal component on the main page.

title: Portal:Aviation/Selected picture


text:
User talk:Willamwmass

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * —Brim 22:21, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Willamwmass


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yulay

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 12:47, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Yulay
Just a foreign name. Deb 22:22, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Wikipedia is for encyclopedia articles, not a reference for transliterations. Zzyzx11 00:24, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. - Jpo 01:14, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Agree with Zzyzx11.  Johntex 02:23, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, geneaology, article as it stands is un-encycloapedic. Megan1967 02:30, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'm sure it's not "foreign" in whatever country it comes from, but this isn't encyclopedia-worthy. – Beginning 02:37, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Yulay


text: User talk:68.225.229.4

title: User talk:68.225.229.4


text:
Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg

Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg (8 February 1744 – 10 February 1817) was a Catholic German bishop and statesman. In various capacities, he served as Prince-Archbishop of Regensburg, Arch-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire, Bishop of Constance and Worms, Prince-Primate of the Confederation of the Rhine and Grand Duke of Frankfurt. Dalberg was the last Archbishop-Elector of Mainz.

Early life and career

Born in Mannheim, as a member of Dalberg family, he was the son of Franz Heinrich von Dalberg (1716–1776), administrator of Worms, one of the chief counsellors of the Prince-elector and Archbishop of Mainz and his wife, Baroness Maria Sophie Anna von Eltz-Kempenich (1722–1763). Karl devoted himself to the study of canon law, and entered the church. At the beginning of 1765 he entered the administrative service of the ministry in Mainz.

Having been appointed in 1772 governor of Erfurt, he won further advancement by his successful administration. He was rector of the cathedral school in Würzburg in 1780.

In 1787 he was elected coadjutor cum iure successionis of the Archbishopric of Mainz and the Bishopric of Worms, and in 1788 of the Bishopric of Constance; at the same time, he became titular archbishop of Tarsus in Cilicia and was ordained priest (11/11/1787) and bishop (8/31/1788). After succeeding the respective bishops in Constance (1800) and Worms (1802), he also succeeded in Mainz as the last archbishop-elector, albeit temporally only in the electorate's left bank territories and also, de facto, in the pastoral ones as far as the right bank of the Rhine.

As statesman, Dalberg was distinguished by his patriotic attitude, whether in ecclesiastical matters, in which he leaned to the Febronian view of a German national church, or in his efforts to galvanize the atrophied machinery of the Holy Roman Empire into some sort of effective central government of Germany. Failing in this, he turned to the rising star of Napoleon, believing that he had found in him the only force strong enough to save Germany from dissolution.

By the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801, in which all territories on the left bank of the River Rhine were ceded to France, Dalberg's predecessor had to surrender Mainz and Worms; the Concordat of 1801 had reduced Mainz to a simple diocese in the province of Mechelen that conscribed the French department of Mont-Tonnerre (including the city of Worms). For Mainz, Joseph Ludwig Colmar was soon appointed as bishop. (Worms, though it had lost its city, remained an extant diocese on the right bank of the Rhine, so Dalberg could succeed there.)

In the Final Recess of the Extraordinary Imperial Deputation of 1803, it was decided to compensate German princes for their losses to France by distributing the church land among them, so Dalberg lost a couple of territories there (among other things, Constance), though (due to his prominent position of the Arch-Chancellor of the Empire, and perhaps also due to his personality and skilled diplomacy), he would be the only spiritual prince to retain at least some territory for temporal government: the Mainzian lands around Aschaffenburg, the Reichsstadt (Free Imperial City) of Wetzlar (with the rank of a Countship) and the Principality of Regensburg containing the Imperial City, the prince-bishopric, and some independent monasteries. (Regensburg was also where the Imperial Deputation had taken place.) In addition, he was designated Archbishop of the (former Salzburg suffragan) Regensburg, to which (spiritually now) the former Mainz lands on the right bank of the Rhine, and the former Mainzian suffragans were attached.

This was, of course, the decision of a state authority which, in its spiritual part, could not take effect until ratified by the Pope; in any case, Regensburg's bishop, Josef Conrad of Schroffenberg-Mös, was still alive at the time. So, Dalberg did not exercise spiritual authority in the older part of the Regensburg diocese until Bishop Schroffenberg died, at which point he made himself elected vicar capitular of the diocese; finally, on 1 February 1805, he received the papal assent and was Archbishop of Regensburg.

Prince-Primate of the Confederation of the Rhine
After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Dalberg together with other princes joined the Confederation of the Rhine. He formally resigned the office of Arch-Chancellor in a letter to Emperor Francis II, and was appointed prince-primate of the Confederation of the Rhine by Napoleon. At that point, the Reichsstadt of Frankfurt was included among his territories. Not long after, Dalberg appointed Napoleon's uncle, Cardinal Fesch, coadjutor in his archdiocese (an action for which he had no canonical rights).

After the Treaty of Schönbrunn (1810), he was elevated by the French to the rank of Grand Duke of Frankfurt. This greatly augmented Dalberg's territories, although he had to cede Regensburg to the Kingdom of Bavaria. As Grand Duke of Frankfurt he ordered all restrictions on the Jews of Frankfurt lifted. This was opposed by the Lutheran town council, until 1811, when Dalberg issued a proclamation ending the requirement that Jews live in the ghetto or pay special taxes.

On 14 January 1806 he performed the wedding of Eugène de Beauharnais, Napoleon's stepson, and the Bavarian Princess Augusta of Bavaria. In 1813 he ceded all his temporal offices (about to be overrun by the Sixth Coalition) to Beauharnais.

Death and legacy
Dalberg died in 1817 in Regensburg. Although his political subservience to Napoleon was resented by a later generation in Germany, as a man and prelate he is remembered as amiable, conscientious and large-hearted. Himself a scholar and author, Dalberg was a notable patron of letters, and was the friend of Goethe, Schiller and Wieland.

title: Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg


text:
User:Bodera

I'm a theoretical physicist.

title: User:Bodera


text:
Revox

ReVox (on-logo styling  RE V OX ) is a brand name, registered by Studer on 27 March 1951 for Swiss audio equipment.

History
The first Studer-designed tape recorders were branded Dynavox. After the first production series of Dynavox recorders, a new marketing company was formed in 1950 called ELA AG. Revox was adopted as the brand name for amateur recorders, while the professional machines retained the Studer name.

The first Revox-branded tape recorder was the T26, in 1952, successor to the Dynavox 100.

The T26 was also made available as a radio-recorder combination unit. 2500 T26 recorders were made, priced at 1395.00 Swiss francs.

The A36, the first 36 series recorder. became available in 1954. Unusual features for the time were pushbutton solenoid transport operations and a direct-drive capstan with no belts or idler wheels. The B36 of 1956 was the first 3-head model, the D36 of 1960 was the first stereo model. The company moved to Löffingen and Bonndorf, West Germany, in 1966, due to labour issues in Switzerland. But the building of a second factory was started in Regensdorf, Switzerland in 1967 - to open in 1968. In 1967 the 36-series tape recorders ended with the G36, and were superseded by the transistorised A77 with a servo-controlled direct drive capstan. Over 80,000 36-series recorders had been manufactured. The A77, of which more than 460,000 were built, was complemented by an integrated amplifier (A78) and FM tuner (A76). The start of the 1980s saw the introduction of the "B7xx" series of high fidelity components, which was in turn replaced by the B2xx series in the mid 1980s. The B2xx series was versatile (the B250 amplifier offering 10 signal inputs, each with automatic sensitivity calibration) and feature-rich, all components containing microprocessors. Contrastingly, the "H" line, with "H" standing for Human, went to the opposite extreme, with minimalist control interfaces: several "H" components having only three buttons.

In 1990 Willi Studer sold the Studer Revox Group to the Swiss company Motor-Columbus AG, including all subsidiary companies. In 1991, Motor-Columbus split the Studer Revox Group into Studer (Pro), Revox (HiFi) and a Manufacturing-division. Motor-Columbus sold several subsidiaries and plants.

The extensive reorganization culminated in the sale of the Studer Group to Harman International Inc., in March 1994. The Revox Group was excluded and sold to private investors. On 17 March 1994 Harman International Industries completed its acquisition and acquired from Motor-Columbus AG 100% of Studer Revox AG. Harman paid 100 Swiss Francs (approximately US $70.00) for all of the issued and outstanding stock in Studer Revox. Harman assumed post-acquisition indebtedness of Studer Revox of approximately 23 million Swiss Francs (approximately US $16 million). The founder of Revox, Willi Studer, died on 1 March 1996.

The company logo is the word "REVOX" in capitals, with a "V" larger than the other letters; when printed in fixed-size type, the mixed-case spelling "ReVox" is sometimes used, but in all older and most newer references the name is shown as "Revox".

Many consider ReVox open-reel tape recorders to be high-end audio equipment. The most famous of these are the G36 (valve type), A77 (solid state with relay controls) and B77 (solid state with logic control and direct-drive). The A700 was the top-of-the-line 1970s machine with 3-speed quartz PLL capstan, or, like the B77 which appeared in 1979, variable tape speed from 2.5 to 22.5 inches per second. Pictured to the right is the PR99 Mk2, a variant of the B77 for professional users, differing from the B77 in having balanced line in/out, and a real-time counter and auto-locator. The PR99 series was superseded by the C270 series, available also in multi-track formats (C274, C278).

Robert Fripp used Revox machines to produce his Frippertronics recordings in the late 1970s onward, until he replaced the recorders with digital delays in the 1990s.

Cassette recorders, CD players, televisions
Revox also produced well-regarded cassette tape recorders, notably the B710 and later the B215, which used the same transport and substantially the same electronics as the more expensive Studer A710 and Studer A721, respectively. It is worth noting that the Revox H11 and C115 cassette recorders are not true Revox or Studer products, but rebadged Philips Model FC60. As such, they do not meet the exacting performance standards of the B710, B215 and H1 which are Studer designed and built.

In the same fashion, the Revox B225 and B226 compact disc players were very heavily based on the Studer A725 and A727 professional CD players. Likewise, the Revox FM tuners were almost identical to the Studer professional models. A limited run of the B226 CD player was issued to celebrate Studer's 40th anniversary. Dubbed 'The Signature', it featured a black faceplate (in contrast to the then silver (anodized aluminium) B226) and used the high performance Silver Crown version of the Philips TDA1541 DAC, which later featured in non-Signature B226-S versions.

Revox was one of the first manufacturers to market a plasma television set, the model E542 in 1999. Before that, they commissioned Loewe to manufacture a limited number of models of S-VHS and VHS video cassette recorders and CRT television sets branded with the Revox name. A DVD player bearing the Revox name (model S27) was built by the French company Micromega.

Current technology
In 2002, Revox introduced with the Re:system M51 a modular audio video system in the market. This system can provide up to 32 rooms in 4 different listening zones with music. Different modules allow the user to select which sources he would like to use in his home, available sources (modules) for the M51 and M10 are amongst others FM-tuner, SAT-radio, Internet-radio, Multiroom, Audio server and also Audio streams. Solutions are available for all imaginable application possibilities up to the control via Apple products with the corresponding Apps. The operation of Multiroom require the availability of the corresponding Multiroom module and small amplifiers of the type M219 in the remote rooms. Also the first audio server of the company, the Revox M57, was perfectly in line with the Multiroom concept.

The M51 MKII is available with two different amplifiers. The analogue version performs 5 x 60 Watt sinus, the digital Class-D-amplifier 5 x 200 Watt sinus.

The M-series was extended in 2006 by the M10, a 19“ rack solution as central nerve and source centre and in 2010 by the M100, an audiophile Hifi-stereo amplifier with 2 x 200 Watt sinus power, FM-tuner and DVD-drive in an extremely compact housing. For the models M10 and M51, the latter is currently available in version MKII, the insertable modules are identical. For the M100 the modules, except for Multiroom, are offered as pluggable supplementations to the basic model. In the Multiroom operation the control of the rooms is effected by wall control units of the type M217/M218, by the remote controls M207 or M208 or by Apps, which are momentarily only available for the iOS-operating system.

In addition to the pure Audio server M37 MKII the Multimedia server M117 was introduced in 2011. In 2012 Revox presented the new audiophile network receivers Revox Joy S120, S119 and S118.

The workmanship of the devices is typically for Revox on a very high level and is characterised by the selection of precious materials like aluminium and glass.

At the begin of 2020 Revox surprised with a new belt-driven turntable Studiomaster T700, which has a tone arm made of carbon fiber and a built in MC-Pre-amplifier. It is delivered with an Ortofon Quintet Bronze pick up.

Reel to reel revived
As of May 2016, Revox announced the re-introduction of a reel-to-reel tape player, to be released in the first quarter of 2017. Manufactured and developed in conjunction with HORCH HOUSE (a division of Lutz Precision k.s.), it will initially be a playback-only machine, with a recorder/reproducer to follow. To date there is no sign of this being a reality.

Loudspeakers
For more than 40 years, Revox has been producing loudspeakers. The first speaker of the brand Revox was the series 46 (1970), which was developed for the former HiFi system A77, A76 and A50. The AX- (1976), the BX- (1977) and the BR-series (1980) followed. All speakers were developed and manufactured in the Revox plant in Ewattingen / Black Forest.

Numerous other speakers went along with the company in the 1980s. The most famous speakers were the Symbol B (1983) as well as the first Revox active speaker Agora B (1986). A milestone in the speaker development was the two digital active speakers Scala 4.7 (1994) and Scala 3.6 (1996). 1980 also saw the introduction of the Triton, one of the first sub-woofer / satellite systems for home high fidelity. The Triton subwoofer comprised a 200 lb cabinet designed to also act as a piece of furniture on which the entire B7xx series (including B77) could stand. The Triton system was superseded by the smaller and more compact Piccolo, and later the Power Cube, which was a Piccolo bass unit with built-in power amplifiers and optional remote control and multi-room controller.

In 1987, Revox acquired the rights to manufacture the Stereolith Duetto, a single-box stereo loudspeaker. Built in the shape of a triangular prism, the Duetto was designed to complement, in acoustics and appearance, the Piccolo bass unit (passive operation) or the Power Cube (active operation).

Today’s Revox range includes a very comprehensive speaker assortment. Classical three-way speakers such as the Prestige of the Re:sound G or Re:sound S series, medium and small speakers as well as a very comprehensive range of installation speakers, which come into operation especially in the multi-room field.

title: Revox


text:
Talk:Neo-Aramaic dialect of Hertevin

Said?
How is the name of this language pronounced? Is it (IPA) or  or  or even  (the n possibly signifying nasalization as in many orthographies)? — mark ✎ 22:23, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The pronunciation is usually. I think that is under Kurdish influence; the n is certainly pronounced. The native name for the language is, which is the usual name for all Christian Northeastern Neo-Aramaic. Gareth Hughes 12:37, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 03:48, 4 May 2021 (UTC)

"Hertevin" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Hertevin. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 July 10 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. (t · c)  buidhe  23:34, 10 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Neo-Aramaic dialect of Hertevin