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Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome

Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by short stature, moderate to severe learning difficulties, distinctive facial features, and broad thumbs and first toes. Other features of the disorder vary among affected individuals. These characteristics are caused by a mutation or deletion in the CREBBP gene, located on chromosome 16, and/or the EP300 gene, located on chromosome 22.

People with this condition have an increased risk of developing noncancerous and cancerous tumors, leukemia, and lymphoma. This condition is sometimes inherited as an autosomal dominant pattern, but often as a de novo. It affects an estimated 1 in 125,000-300,000 births.

Presentation
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome presents itself from birth, and is usually hallmarked by delayed physical and cognitive growth.

Typical features of the disorder include:
 * Broad thumbs and broad first toes and clinodactyly of the 5th finger
 * Mental disability
 * Small height, low bone growth, small head
 * Cryptorchidism in males
 * Unusual facies involving the eyes, nose, and palate
 * Anesthesia may be dangerous in these patients: "According to the medical literature, in some cases, individuals with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome may have complications (e.g., respiratory distress and/or irregular heart beats [cardiac arrythmias]) associated with a certain muscle relaxant (succinylcholine) and certain anesthesia. Any situations requiring the administration of anesthesia or succinylcholine (e.g., surgical procedures) should be closely monitored by skilled professionals (Anesthesiologists)." Primary literature suggests the children may have a higher rate of cardiac physical and conduction abnormalities which may cause unexpected results with cardioactive medications. A further editorial reply in the British Journal of Anaesthesia discusses changes in the face and airway structure making it more difficult to secure the airway under anaesthesia, however, complications appeared in a minority of cases, and routine methods of airway control in the operating room appears to be successful. They recommended close individual evaluation of Rubinstein–Taybi patients for anaesthetic plans.

A 2009 study found that children with RTS were more likely to be overweight and to have a short attention span, motor stereotypies, and poor coordination. The study hypothesized that the identified CREBBP gene impaired motor skills learning. Other research has shown a link with long-term memory (LTM) deficit.

RTS is diagnosed when a heterozygous pathogenic variant of the CREBBP gene is identified in the individual. It exhibits an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, but some documented cases show heterozygous individuals exhibiting germline mosaicism. This condition affects men and women equally, and is often misdiagnosed with other diseases or disabilities that result in delayed mental development.

Genetics
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, in many cases, is a microdeletion syndrome involving chromosomal segment 16p13.3 and is characterized by mutations in the CREBBP gene. Varying amounts of material are deleted from this section of the chromosome and account for the spectrum of physiological symptoms.

The CREBBP gene makes a protein that helps control the activity of many other genes. The protein, called CREB-binding protein, plays an important role in regulating cell growth and division and is essential for normal fetal development. If one copy of the CREBBP gene is deleted or mutated, cells make only half of the normal amount of CREB binding protein. A reduction in the amount of this protein disrupts normal development before and after birth, leading to the signs and symptoms of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome.

Mutations in the EP300 gene, located on chromosome 22q13.2, are responsible for a small percentage of cases of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome. These mutations result in the loss of one copy of the gene in each cell, which reduces the amount of p300 protein by half. Some mutations lead to the production of a very short, nonfunctional version of the p300 protein, while others prevent one copy of the gene from making any protein at all. Although researchers do not know how a reduction in the amount of p300 protein leads to the specific features of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, it is clear that the loss of one copy of the EP300 gene disrupts normal development.

CREBBP and p300 are the respective protein products of the paralogous genes CREBBP and EP300. Both of these related proteins, prototypical members of the p300-CBP coactivator family, have a bromodomain and a histone acetyltransferase domain and are able to bind to various gene-specific transcription factors as well as general transcription factors. Cell lines derived from RTS patients exhibit diminished acetylation of multiple histone proteins, particularly histone 2A and histone 2B, suggesting that this disease has its origins in problems with the regulatory mechanisms of transcription. The functions of CREBBP and p300 broadly overlap but do have co-activator–specific effects on gene expression. The proteins may also facilitate transcriptional elongation.

In approximately one third of the cases showing RTS symptoms, neither the CREBBP gene, nor the EP300 gene appear to be the cause of the disease.

A mouse model has been identified in order to perform experimental research procedures. The mice exhibited the same clinical RTS symptoms seen in humans, and the model has become a foundation for future research.

Treatment
There is no existing treatment that reverses or cures RTS. There are, however, ways to manage and reduce symptoms for patients. Due to there being a wide range of symptoms, RTS patients are referred to specialists that focus on each specific symptom. Individuals suffering from cognitive developments usually are part of special education programs and speech therapy. Regular check-ups and monitoring are needed for cardiac, dental, auditory, and renal abnormalities. Genetic counseling is also recommended for affected individuals and their families.

History
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome was first unofficially mentioned in a French orthopedic medical journal in 1957 by Greek physicians' doctors: Michail, Matsoukas, and Theodorou. The medical journal reported a case concerning a seven-year-old boy with radically deviated/arched thumbs, long nose, muscular hypotonia, along with physical and mental underdevelopment. At this point in time the case study mentioned by the Greek physicians was considered to be an anomaly due to the fact that there hadn't been any other reported cases of children with these specific physical and mental characteristics. The doctors accredited with discovering the syndrome and therefore bear its name-sake were unaware of this journal at the time of their discovery. However, it is acknowledged that the 1957 case reported in the French journal of orthopedic medicine is most likely the first reported case of RTS.

Dr. Jack Herbert Rubinstein, an American pediatrician reported assessing a three-year-old girl with unusual facial and digital findings in 1958. Similarly, that same year Rubinstein had evaluated another child with similar characteristics, this time a seven-year-old boy. Having sensed a striking similarity between these two unrelated cases Rubinstein tried distributing photos and information concerning these two cases to other clinics in the U.S. from 1959 to 1960. Rubinstein graduated from Harvard Medical School and worked as the director of the Hamilton County Diagnostic Clinic for the Mentally Retarded. He has worked in behavioral and developmental pediatrics for many years prior to the discovery of this new syndrome.

In 1961, Dr. Hooshang Taybi, an Iranian-American pediatric radiologist, reported having assessed a three-year-old boy that appeared to have the same syndrome as described by Rubinstein. During the summer of 1963 Dr. Taybi reported having evaluated seven children with characteristics such as broad thumbs and great toes, "unusual" facial features, and intellectual disabilities – these findings went on to appear in the American Journal of Diseases of Children documenting these characteristics as a syndrome. Dr. Hooshang Taybi graduated from Tehran University School of Medicine and worked for the Ministry of Health. Later in his career he taught and practiced pediatric radiology in Oklahoma and Indiana. He had identified three new syndromes with his colleagues, among them is Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome.

In 1992 the first genetic abnormalities that act as markers for Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome were identified. These abnormalities are said to affect either chromosome 16 or chromosome 22. The specific chromosome impacted by a mutation determines the type of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome that may occur. A mutation of the CREBBP gene on chromosome 16 gives rise to the first form of RTS (most common). While a mutation of the EP300 gene on chromosome 22 is characteristic of the second form of RTS.

title: Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome


text:
Flying Fish Cove

Flying Fish Cove (飛魚灣, Pantai Ikan Terbang) is the capital city and main settlement of Australia's Christmas Island. Although it was originally named after the British survey-ship Flying-Fish, many maps simply label it "The Settlement". It was the first British settlement on the island, established in 1888. About a third of the territory's total population of 1,600 lives in Flying Fish Cove, which lies near the north-eastern tip of the island. There is a small harbour which serves tourists with yachts. It is possible to carry out recreational diving at the settlement's beach.

The settlement contains 3 villages apart from itself - Drumsite, Silver City and Poon Saan which are commonly listed as separate locations.

Heritage
The settlement is listed on the Australian Commonwealth Heritage List, citing the following aspects of significance:
 * The buildings that make up the residential precinct are of architectural significance, relatively intact and display considerable unity in a style derived from the British experience in Singapore/Malaya. This unity combines with consistent garden planting and ornamentation and the linear nexus of Gaze Road to create a strong streetscape. The presence of semi-detached servants' quarters are also of historic importance and are indicative of the social and economic stratification which prevailed on the island during the colonial period. The residential area is also historically significant as a reminder of the phase of Christmas Island history when the island came under the control of the British Phosphate Commission and the mining industry and the supporting community, underwent substantial expansion. The Services precinct is of social and historic significance. It includes a number of early Chinese terraced houses as well as a range of structures representing each of the various phases of phosphate mining, including one of the oldest structures on the Island. It was also the Island's main meeting place where Asian workers and European staff came together through a common reliance on retail, health, recreational and other services. The precinct contains a number of buildings of special significance to the community and, along with the three cemeteries, strongly reflects the mixed racial origins of the Island.

The historic Malay Kampong precinct within the town, the Industrial and Administrative Group precinct overlooking the town and the Administrator's House 1.5 km east of the town are also listed on the Commonwealth Heritage List.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Flying Fish Cove


text:
The Settlement

The Settlement may refer to:

Films

 * The Settlement (1984 film)
 * The Settlement (1999 film)

Places

 * The Settlement, British Virgin Islands, the main town on Anegada
 * Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, capital and main settlement of Tristan da Cunha
 * Flying Fish Cove, the main settlement on Christmas Island

title: The Settlement


text:
McDonald Island

McDonald Island or MacDonald Island may refer to

 * McDonald Islands, part of Heard Island and McDonald Islands group, a remote territory administered by Australia in the southern Indian Ocean
 * McDonald Island (California), in San Joaquin County on the San Joaquin River
 * McDonald Island (Ontario), in the St. Lawrence River
 * MacDonald Island, in British Columbia
 * MacDonald Island Park, 2014 arena for The National curling tournament in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada

title: McDonald Island


text: Category:British trade unionists

title: Category:British trade unionists


text:
Secrets in the Fire

Secrets in the Fire is a children's novel by Swedish author Henning Mankell. It was published in 1995 and was translated into English by Anne Connie Stuksrud. Secrets in the Fire was based on the true story of land mine victim Sofia Alface. The book has won the 2002 Sankei Children's Publishing Culture Award.

Plot summary
When Sofia's hometown is destroyed by The Bandits, Muazena, the village's wise woman, must find a way to teach Sofia the secrets in the fire. Even with Muazena trying to help, Sofia must overcome multiple adversities such as losing both her sister and her legs to a land mine and all the strife that comes with growing up. Throughout her recovery Sofia finds that she is not as weak as some would have her believe and that she has a strength of her own.

Sequels
There are two sequels to Secrets in the Fire, Playing With Fire and Shadow of the Leopard. Both books received positive reviews from critics.

Reception
Critical reception for Secrets in the Fire was overwhelmingly positive, with the School Library Journal writing that the book was "outstanding" and "inspirational". Booklist stated that the book will "grab readers with the truth of one child's terror and courage".

title: Secrets in the Fire


text:
Talk:Mount Nyiragongo

If Mount Nyiragongo has erupted a mere 3 years ago, wouldn't it be considered active, not dormant? Redxiv 07:43, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC) omac dormant —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.118.143.8 (talk) 08:45, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

GA Reassessment
This discussion is transcluded from Talk:Mount Nyiragongo/GA1. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the reassessment.

In order to uphold the quality of Good articles, all articles listed as Good articles are being reviewed against the GA criteria as part of the GA project quality task force. While all the hard work that has gone into this article is appreciated, unfortunately, as of September 12, 2008, this article fails to satisfy the criteria, as detailed below. For that reason, the article has been delisted from WP:GA. However, if improvements are made bringing the article up to standards, the article may be nominated at WP:GAN. If you feel this decision has been made in error, you may seek remediation at WP:GAR.

 * The article is largely uncited. Half of it contains no citations at all.

 * From the lead: "Nyiragongo and nearby Nyamuragira are together responsible for 40% of Africa's historical volcanic eruptions." Where did this information come from? It's not mentioned again in the body of the article.

 * There has been a request for citation in place since September 2007.

 * Why is there no information on the 2007 eruption? What about eruptions before 1977?

 * The article should deal consistently with units of measurement. The infobox provides a conversion from metric to imperial, but the article itself does not. "... Nyiragongo's lava flows may race downhill at up to 60 miles per hour (up to 100 km/h)" presents imperial measurements first, whereas the rest of the article favours metric. The spelling of meter is not consistent; sometimes it's "meter" and sometimes it's "metre".

 * It is unnecessary and distracting to link common words like "gas", or "fluid".

--Malleus Fatuorum (talk) 21:34, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

low viscosity but steep slopes - why?
If the volcano has characteristic low viscosity flows, this typically leads to broad flat cones. Why is this cone steep? 96.252.103.113 (talk) 19:00, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Probably there have been past eruptions with high viscosity flows. --The High Fin Sperm Whale (talk) 01:44, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

 * That seems to be the case, according to the YouTuber GeologyHub's video about the volcano. ZFT (talk) 20:08, 29 October 2021 (UTC)

we dont get enough info
we need more info on this site like how certain things happen ir like causes or effects. i jacinda personnely am doing a progect on nyiragongo on the causes and effects on how and why it erupts certain times, and what was the effect like how many people died how far the eruption was felt. or how far the lava flow was travelling, even the lava lake, please help me. im 12 years old and apparently smart,jj, i was expecting more info by signing up but i still have the same ammount of info as before. please help me with issue and protest.!--ZiGGie2cool (talk) 21:39, 16 September 2009 (UTC)we need help--ZiGGie2cool (talk) 21:39, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

If you want more info check out this link - it's got so much info EdwardLane (talk) 21:34, 29 May 2011 (UTC)

What is a lava bench?
The first paragraph refers to lava benches but Wikipedia has no page to explain that term. I've looked it up now, but shouldn't someone create a page? Ed8r (talk) 17:20, 12 February 2010 (UTC)

References in popular culture
Would it be good to include a section for references in pop culture? (Novel and movie Congo, etc.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.64.155.48 (talk) 09:53, 19 August 2013 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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title: Talk:Mount Nyiragongo


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Onon (river)

The Onon (Онон гол, Onon gol; Оно́н) is a river in Mongolia and Russia. It is 1032 km long, and has a drainage basin of 96200 km2.

Course
It originates at the eastern slope of the Khentii Mountains. For 298 km it flows within Mongolia, before entering the Khentei-Daur Highlands region of the Russian Far East flowing along the Stanovik Range. In its lower reaches it flows between the Mogoytuy (Могойтуйский хребет) and the Borshchovochny (Борщовочный хребет) mountain ranges. It joins with the Ingoda to form the Shilka. Its river valley forms the eastern limit of the Khentei-Daur Highlands. Its main tributaries are the Khurkhyn Gol, Borzya and Unda from the right, and the Agutsa, Kyra and Aga from the left.

The Onon—Shilka—Amur water system is one of the world's ten longest rivers, measuring 1,032 km + 560 km + 2,874 km.

In history
The upper Onon is one of the areas that are claimed to be the place where Genghis Khan was born and grew up. The seat of Genghis Khan was on the bank of river Onon.

The Secret History of the Mongols begins thus: "There came into the world a "Borte Chono" (blue-gray wolf) whose destiny was Heaven's will. His wife was a "Gua Maral" (beautiful fallow doe). They traveled across the inland sea and when they were camped near the source of the Onon River in sight of Burkhan Khaldun, their first son was born, named Bat Tsagaan."

title: Onon (river)


text:
Portal:India/Picture

Please submit quality pictures related to India which can be featured here.

title: Portal:India/Picture


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Choirboy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:49, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Choirboy
Note: This VfD has been vandalized twice by Cityhuntr, the author of the article.

Looks like utter nonsense. TheCoffee 07:49, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. The Choirboy is apparently a recurring character on The Paul Show.  That itself, however, looks veryvery deleteable -- for instance, it's said to broadcast on "The Paul Station", with no indication where or what "The Paul Station" might be. -- Antaeus Feldspar 07:54, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No value, no notability. -- Egil 09:43, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, although it seems there could be a decent article on what a choirboy really is. -R. fiend 18:51, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 22:59, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. What R. fiend said. Niteowlneils 18:37, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Maren Ord

Maren Whitney Ord (born February 28, 1981) is a Canadian singer-songwriter of rock and pop music.

Early life
Ord was born and grew up in Edmonton, Alberta, the eighth of ten children. She grew up in a musical family; her father was a professor of music, her mother taught voice and piano, and the family toured and performed as the Ord Family Singers. Maren sang, learned piano from her mother, and taught herself guitar at age 14.

At a 1998 audition for Lilith Fair, Ord met Canadian music impresario Terry McBride of the Vancouver-based record label and management company Nettwerk. She would be showcased at the music festival, and eventually take McBride as her manager.

In 1999, after her sister told her about a talent contest from Edmonton contemporary hit radio radio station Power 92, Maren entered four songs she had written that night, and two of them—"Eternity" and "Falling Slowly"—were recorded on the station's compilation CD, Power Picks Volume II.

The Nettwerk years and Waiting
Once signed with McBride and Nettwerk, Ord continued to perform and record and embarked on years of progressive promotion, including use of her songs on several episodes of the American television series Felicity and her performance of "Shining Time" with Neil Donell to the 2000 motion picture Thomas and the Magic Railroad. Her debut album, Waiting, was produced by Stephen Hague and recorded in London, England and New York City.

On November 7, 2000, Highway Records released a special edition of Waiting to a Christian, predominantly Mormon, bookstore market; this edition featured a bonus track that would not appear on the general public release. Nettwerk's record company released Waiting in Canada on February 20, 2001.

While Ord was nominated for a Juno Award for Best New Artist, and her singles "Sarah" and "Perfect" were successful on Canadian radio, an anticipated U.S. and international release with Capitol/EMI in summer 2001 did not come through, and Nettwerk itself, not a major record label outside of Canada, released Waiting quietly in the United States on August 27, 2002. The single "Perfect" features on the soundtrack for the film Crazy/Beautiful.

Not Today
The EP Not Today was released on September 28, 2004, in Canada on the Maximum Music Group label in Canada. The EP included six songs mostly co-written with Randy Bachman.

Pretty Things and the acoustic direction
With the release of Pretty Things on November 21, 2006, Ord entered another phase of her career: an acoustic one. Pretty Things marked the beginning of Ord's production career as she co-produced the entire record herself at a studio in Orem, Utah. The sound is simpler, quieter and more reminiscent of Jack Johnson than Avril Lavigne (with whom she has been compared to previously). It saw a world-wide digital release through platforms like iTunes on October 10, 2006, and was met with mostly favourable reviews from her fans.

Personal life
Ord currently resides in Alberta, with her husband Joe and five children.

title: Maren Ord


text:
Attajdid

Attajdid (The Renewal in English) is a Moroccan newspaper which is published in Arabic.

History and profile
Attajdid was established in 1999. The paper has a generally Muslim conservative stance and the media outlet of the Movement of Unity and Reform. It has also close ties with Justice and Development Party. The paper is headquartered in Casablanca.

Controversy
In 2003, the paper published critical articles against those who listened to heavy metal in the country and developed an analogy between heavy metal music and satanism. On 6 January 2005, Attajdid published an article by its editor-in-chief Lhassan Sarrat that the deadly 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and ensuing tsunami was God's punishment for sex tourism, homosexuality and child trafficking in southeast Asia, and that the best warning system for such catastrophes was following the teaching of Islam. They stated that Morocco was the next destination for this "tourism of debauchery". This statement attracted considerable controversy and opposition. The newspaper then distanced itself from the article; director Abdelilah Benkirane declared that the article represented only the opinion of its author.

title: Attajdid


text:
User:Chrkl/monobook.css

div.usermessage{background-color: #ff0000 !important; border-color: #ff7777 !important; color: #ffffff} table.metadata { display:block; } a {text-decoration:none;}

title: User:Chrkl/monobook.css


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A. G. Becker & Co.

A. G. Becker & Co. was an investment bank based in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

Becker's history goes back to the 1880s when it was a commercial paper house. It evolved into a full line investment banking firm with offices in Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Boston, London (England) and Geneva (Switzerland), among others.

Becker was a pioneer in the pension consulting business with the creation of "Green Book" tables comparing results to benchmarks, to help identify the performance of institutional investors.

Founding and early history
In 1893, Abraham G. Becker took control of Herbert Schaffner & Co., a commercial paper business in Chicago. The firm, which was founded by Becker's uncle had failed during the Panic of 1893. Becker, who had been a junior partner under Schaffner, paid in $50,000 from a life insurance policy to start his own firm and by 1904 Becker had paid back the losses suffered by Schaffner's customers. Initially, Becker paid needy customers, particularly widows, first out of his own pocket.

Through the early part of the 20th century, Becker became one of the leading commercial paper firms in the U.S. Becker's commercial paper business had been founded on the dealing of "bankers acceptances", another form of short term finance for corporate borrowers, that was popular in the Chicago markets. At one point in the development of the commercial paper market in the United States, two banks were the dominant commercial paper dealers: A G Becker (concentrating its business in the MidWest and West and in the commodity markets) and Goldman Sachs (concentrating more on the East Coast and in the various financial markets of New York).

The firm slowly branched out into a stock and bond brokerage. In 1911, the firm completed its first underwriting for Hart Schaffner & Marx. Thereafter, the firm raised debt for U.S. Gypsum and later issued preferred stock for Hupp Motor Works.

By 1919, the firm had opened offices along the west coast in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland and Seattle as well as in New York City and St. Louis. Also in 1919, Becker arranged $50 million of notes for Sears, Roebuck & Co. Julius Rosenwald, part-owner of Sears, had tapped his friend Becker to lead the offering.

Joint venture with S.G. Warburg and Paribas (1974-1982)
In 1974 A.G. Becker entered into a merger with Warburg Paribas, a newly formed American joint venture between London-based S.G. Warburg and Paris-based Paribas (Compagnie Financiere de Paris et des Pays-Bas, prior to the bank's nationalization in 1982). As a result of the transaction, the firm operated under the name A.G. Becker-Warburg Paribas Becker and was 40% owned by the two European merchant banks and 60% owned by the existing shareholders of Becker, a combination of employees and management. In 1982, the two European firms increased their stake from 40% to just over 50%, after they made a joint investment of $15 million to $20 million.

The transaction, which had been championed by S.G. Warburg founder Siegmund Warburg and Becker's president Paul Judy, expanded Becker's capital base and added an international dimension to its investment banking business. At the time, the deal was considered emblematic of the globalization of finance.

The joint venture was initially successful in elevating Becker's position in investment banking throughout the mid-1970s. However, the firm was plagued by competition between Warburg and Paribas, as well as cultural conflicts between French, English and American executives and internal management issues in the U.S. In 1978, Becker's president, Paul Judy, an architect of the joint venture was replaced by Ira Wender. Under Wender, a number of key executives who had built the firm either were forced out or left the company.

Becker Paribas and the sale to Merrill Lynch (1982-1984)
Becker's president Ira Wender was forced out of the firm in 1982 when the firm announced a major restatement of its financials revealing larger operating losses. He was replaced by Daniel J. Good and John G. Heimann. In July 1982, the two European partners increased their stake to just over 50% taking control of the business, in exchange for an equity injection needed to stabilize the company's finances. In October 1982, S.G. Warburg founder Siegmund Warburg, who had been the primary advocate for the Warburg investment in Becker, died. Although Warburg had originally planned to buy out Paribas, after Siegmund Warburg's death, Paribas bought out Warburg's interest in the joint venture in early 1983. Following the departure of Warburg from the joint venture, the firm was renamed A.G. Becker Paribas.

Now effectively in control of the firm, Paribas, took a more visible role in managing Becker. In June 1983, Paribas' president Herve M. Pinet, became chairman and chief executive of Becker, and Daniel J. Good became president and chief operating officer. Even though the profitability of other firms rebounded significantly in the bull market of late 1982 and 1983, Becker continued to sustain losses.

In May 1984, Paribas bought out the 50% of the company owned by employees and other shareholders, taking full control of the business. However, within a few months, Paribas soured on the business after investing additional capital. Becker had lost in excess of $80 million, through the trading of government bonds, in the final months of Paribas' ownership, losing approximately $15 million each month. However, the company suffered more long-term challenges including high overhead costs and decreased revenues from its investment banking as well as equity and fixed income businesses. In May 1984, Becker sold its securities-correspondent business, representing 500 employees or one-third of its workforce, to Pershing LLC, which at the time was owned by Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette. Then in August 1984, Paribas announced the sale of the remainder of the company, comprising its investment banking and other securities businesses to Merrill Lynch. Merrill Lynch acquired Becker for $100 million in stock but absorbed only a few hundred of the firm's employees. The acquisition of Becker came on the heels of the purchase of Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb by Shearson/American Express and rumors during the summer of 1984 had paired Becker with Paine Webber, Morgan Stanley as well as Nomura.

The purchase of Becker propelled Merrill Lynch to a leadership in the commercial paper markets and also enhanced certain of its investment banking advisory and underwriting businesses. After the acquisition of Becker, a number of executives remained with Merrill, most notably Barry S. Friedberg who would serve as head of Investment Banking in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Notable alumni
A.G. Becker enjoyed a rich history of producing leading banking figures who received their early training and up to two decades of experience with Becker before emerging as leaders in their own rights at other banks and in other fields. Many younger Becker bankers, hired from 1977 through 1984, never had the opportunity to rise through the Becker ranks because of its sale to Merrill Lynch in 1984. Nonetheless they can now be counted within the senior ranks of bankers, financiers and academics in roles throughout the United States, including Becker's original home in Chicago.

 * Richard Driehaus, founder of Driehaus Capital Management began his career in the Institutional Trading department at Becker in the late 1960s.
 * Richard Elden, a former analyst at Becker in the 1960s, established Grosvenor Capital Management in 1971.  Grosvenor was a pioneer in the hedge fund industry creating the first fund of hedge funds in the United States and as of 2009 managed in excess of $22 billion.
 * Barry S. Friedberg, following the purchase of Becker, would go on to be head of Investment Banking at Merrill Lynch, and subsequently rose to the position of Senior Executive Vice President.
 * Richard Gilder, founder of Gilder, Gagnon, Howe & Co. began his career as a broker at Becker in the 1960s.
 * Lewis Glucksman left Becker in 1963 to help Lehman Brothers enter the commercial paper market; as Lehman's CEO he engineered the storied sale of that firm to American Express.
 * Daniel J. Good who became President of EF Hutton LBO, Inc. and Head of Merchant Banking of Shearson Lehman Bros.
 * John G. Heimann, former Comptroller of the Currency from 1977 to 1981 would join Becker in July 1982.
 * James Melcher (born 1939), Olympic fencer and hedge fund manager
 * Jeff Peek, President of CIT Group.
 * Donald Rumsfeld spent two years at A.G. Becker, from 1960 to 1962, before winning election to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives. He later served as U.S.Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush.
 * Stephen H. Weiss, founder of Weiss, Peck & Greer began his career in investment banking at Becker from 1959 through 1970.

title: A. G. Becker & Co.


text:
TISH

TISH was a Canadian poetry newsletter founded by student-poets at the University of British Columbia in 1961. The publication was edited by a number of Vancouver poets until 1969. The newsletter's poetics were built on those of writers associated with North Carolina's Black Mountain College experiment.

Contributing writers included George Bowering, Fred Wah, Frank Davey, Daphne Marlatt, David Cull, Carol Bolt, Dan McLeod, Robert Hogg, Jamie Reid, and Lionel Kearns. Influenced by the poetry theorist Warren Tallman, the Tish Group also drew inspiration from the Seed Catalogue and Robert Creeley, Jason Lee Wiens (Professor), Robert Duncan, Charles Olson and Jack Spicer.

TISH launched a number of other publications including the alternative newspaper The Georgia Straight, edited by McLeod; the poetry newsletter SUM (1963–65), edited by Wah; the magazine of the long poem Imago (1964–74), edited by Bowering; the journal of writing and theory Open Letter (1965–2013), edited by Davey; the prose journal Periodics (1977–81), edited by Marlatt and Paul de Barros; Motion: A Prose Newsletter, edited by David Cull and Robert Hogg (1962), the TISHBooks imprint, and the online journal Swift Current (1984–1990), edited by Davey and Wah, who described it as the world's first e-magazine.

In 2001, George Fetherling wrote in The Georgia Straight that "the journal [TISH] started by George Bowering, Frank Davey, David Dawson, Jamie Reid and Fred Wah is probably the most influential literary magazine ever produced in Canada, of greater significance than even Preview or First Statement, the two that brought poetic modernism to the country in the 1940s."

title: TISH


text: User talk:203.164.242.13

title: User talk:203.164.242.13


text:
Timothy Daniel Sullivan

Timothy Daniel Sullivan (29 May 1827 – 31 March 1914) was an Irish nationalist, journalist, politician and poet who wrote the Irish national hymn "God Save Ireland", in 1867. He served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1886 to 1888 and a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1880 to 1900.

Politician
Sullivan was a member of the Home Rule League, supporting Charles Stewart Parnell in the 1880 general election, being "convinced that without self-government there could never be peace, prosperity or contentment in Ireland". He joined the Irish Parliamentary Party when it was established in 1882. When the party split in 1891, he became an Anti-Parnellite until the Nationalist factions were reunited in 1900.

Sullivan represented a number of constituencies in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. He was elected as an MP for Westmeath in 1880 and served until 1885. In 1885, he was elected to the newly created constituency of Dublin College Green. He joined the anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation in 1891, and was defeated by a Parnellite in the 1892 general election. Four days later he was returned unopposed for West Donegal which he represented until he retired in 1900.

He was Lord Mayor of Dublin in 1886 and 1887.

Publicist
He owned and edited a number of publications (The Nation, Dublin Weekly News and Young Ireland). In December 1887, he published reports of meetings by the Irish National League. As a result, he was convicted and imprisoned for two months under the Crimes Act.

As well as writing the Irish national hymn "God Save Ireland", he wrote the adopted anthem of the All-for-Ireland League: "All for Ireland! One for all! and popular pieces such as Dear Old Ireland, "Song from the Backwoods" and "Michael Dwyer".

Family
He was married to Catherine (Kate) Healy who was the sister of Tim Healy, the first Governor General of the Irish Free State in 1922. A number of his descendants were people of outstanding distinction. His son Timothy was Chief Justice of Ireland from 1936 to 1946. His daughter Frances was an Irish-language activist in Craobh an Chéitinnigh, the Keating branch of the Gaelic League (Conradh na Gaeilge) and a lecturer in Irish. His daughter Anne (who had sixteen children) was the mother of politician Kevin O'Higgins, one of the dominant political figures of the 1920s. Sullivan's great-grandson Tom O'Higgins served as Chief Justice of Ireland from 1974 to 1985.

His brother, Alexander Martin Sullivan, author of New Ireland and a fervent constitutional and cultural nationalist, was the owner and editor of The Nation after Gavan Duffy, and prior to Timothy Daniel Sullivan.

title: Timothy Daniel Sullivan


text:
Talk:Kaddish

Meaning of the word
Kad·dish (ˈkädiSH') -noun- an ancient Jewish prayer sequence regularly recited in the synagogue service, including Thanksgiving and praise and concluding with a prayer for universal peace. a form of Kaddish recited for the dead.

Social aspects
What about a section discussing the sociological aspects of the mourner's Kaddish? Eg. The Orthodox Jewish custom that only male relatives recite the Kaddish, and the dilemma which arises when there are no male heirs etc. Also the minimum age for reciting the Kaddish (Bar Mitvah), and the cultural aspects that non-Jewish readers might not appreciate, such as the fact that the prayer is generally recited by older members of a congregation, and the stigma/sadness/meaning(?) when teenagers have to recite the prayer for their parents. Also references to Jewish literary and other pop culture sources on the Kaddish (in addition to the books and essays, I recall an episode of the show Tour of Duty where the Lt. recites Kaddish for a fallen Jewish soldier,) and the question of whether it is appropriate to recite the prayer for non-Jews.

Line 33
What's the deal with line 33? Shouldn't it be "aleinu v'al kol yisrael v'imru amen"? At least that's what I've always said (and I just went back and double checked myself in an Artscroll siddur. If there are different versions of the text for this line, that should at least be noted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.163.21.200 (talk) 21:32, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

Reworking
OK. I'd like to recommend an almost complete reworking of this page, as follows: Kaddish:

Background

 * What is the Kaddish
 * What kinds of Kaddish exist
 * Text, Transliteration & Translation of Chatzi Kadish

Origin & History

 * Origin
 * Why is it in Aramaic?

 * History
 * Talmud
 * Inclusion in Siddur

Purpose

 * Praise
 * Role in Liturgy
 * Standardization

Types of Kaddish
Kadish Shalem Kadish Yatom Kadish dRabanan Chatzi Kadish Graveside Kaddish others

where the text of each individual kaddish could be put into the individual articles "types of Kaddish" articles, along with transliterations and translations of each, and a background of each, including its role in the liturgy.

Text
What on earth is the point of giving the text of the Kaddish in another language that most English-speakers can't even read, much less understand? We should either give a translation or not have it at all. john k 03:24, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This was a project that was started and never finished. I'll try to get back to it in the near future.  Tomer TALK  17:29, July 10, 2005 (UTC)

Update, October 2005
I tried to move this along. Kaisershatner 17:56, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Translation and transliteration
At this site is given both a translation and a tranliteration.

 * TRANSLATION OF KADDISH

Thank you  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.56.3.120 (talk) 00:49, 19 March 2016 (UTC)

May the great Name of God be exalted and sanctified, throughout the world, which he has created according to his will. May his Kingship be established in your lifetime and in your days, and in the lifetime of the entire household of Israel, swiftly and in the near future; and say, Amen.

May his great name be blessed, forever and ever.

Blessed, praised, glorified, exalted, extolled, honored elevated and lauded be the Name of the holy one, Blessed is he- above and beyond any blessings and hymns, Praises and consolations which are uttered in the world; and say Amen. May there be abundant peace from Heaven, and life, upon us and upon all Israel; and say, Amen.

He who makes peace in his high holy places, may he bring peace upon us, and upon all Israel; and say Amen.

 * KADDISH TRANSLITERATION

Yis'ga'dal v'yis'kadash sh'may ra'bbo, b'olmo dee'vro chir'usay v'yamlich malchu'say, b'chayaychon uv'yomay'chon uv'chayay d'chol bais Yisroel, ba'agolo u'viz'man koriv; v'imru Omein.

Y'hay shmay rabbo m'vorach l'olam ul'olmay olmayo.

Yisborach v'yishtabach v'yispoar v'yisromam v'yismasay, v'yishador v'yis'aleh v'yisalal, shmay d'kudsho, brich hu, l'aylo min kl birchoso v'sheeroso, tush'bechoso v'nechemoso, da,ameeran b'olmo; vimru Omein.

Y'hay shlomo rabbo min sh'mayo, v'chayim alaynu v'al kol Yisroel; v'imru Omein.

Oseh sholom bimromov, hu ya'aseh sholom olaynu, v'al kol yisroel; vimru Omein.

The translation give here is fairly traditional, but I see no credit to a specific translator. DES (talk) 20:48, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

this site gives a similar but not identical tranalation:

 * Translation --

Glorified and sanctified be God's great name throughout the world which He has created according to His will.

May He establish His kingdom in your lifetime and during your days, and within the life of the entire House of Israel, speedily and soon; and say, Amen.

May His great name be blessed forever and to all eternity.

Blessed and praised, glorified and exalted, extolled and honored, adored and lauded be the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, beyond all the blessings and hymns, praises and consolations that are ever spoken in the world; and say, Amen.

May there be abundant peace from heaven, and life, for us and for all Israel; and say, Amen.

He who creates peace in His celestial heights, may He create peace for us and for all Israel; and say, Amen.

this site gives line by line hebrew, transliteration, and english traslation for the Mourner's Kaddish. it carries a copyright notice, and again does not credit a particular translator. DES (talk) 21:22, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

 * But of course such translation could have just been made by the Wikipedia editor and not any published translator. I don't think a transliteration is necessary here, and it gets too complicated considering different accents and transcription conventions. --jnothman talk 10:26, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

New "text of kaddish"
Does this belong here or in WikiSource? I assume the latter, but would like someone to agree. jnothman talk 15:48, 3 December 2005 (UTC)
 * What's wrong with "both"? :-) Tom e rtalk  01:13, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmmm...I don't think the text is quite long enough to send it to wikisource (although I would support adding it to wikisource, I wouldn't support removing it from the article). That said, the fonts you used are...unpleasing...especially the italicized versions... Tom e rTALK 04:44, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The fonts used were the fonts used by the prior editor of that text. I am not sure what to do about Hebrew fonts when you want the vowels to show correctly. Having Ezra SIL on my computer, I wouldn't say it looks unpleasing as such, though... What do you suggest? Thanks for the feedback. jnothman talk 05:22, 4 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I dunno...something sans serif maybe wouldn't look so pixelated. Also, what's the source for the text?  I see "vechayim `aleinu ve`al kol yisra'el" everywhere, even "vechayim tovim `aleinu ve`al kol yisra'el", but not "vechayim lanu ul'khol yisra'el". Tom e rtalk  01:48, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Appropriate place for such discussion is probably Talk:Kaddish. Still: the sources were essentially found quickly on the internet. I was too tired at the time to do thorough research, but was fed up looking at the ugly page that was there! The lanu, though is an artifact of my inability in deciding how to note that "lanu" follows "v'revach v'hatzzala" (or really "rewah whazzala" when I often hear it), but "ʻalenu" occurs in the Ashkenazi variant and follows "chayyim". It should probably be added as a footnote. As for "tovim", we should probably include that but it will mean splitting line 28 and thus renumbering in the text and in the footnotes. jnothman talk 04:32, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, so ya. I think it would probably be sufficient to note the inclusion of "tovim" simply in a footnote, it would be nice if we could track down its origin and distribution... Tom e rtalk  04:49, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * No, we can't actually: it would be inconsistent, considering the other uses of [brackets] to refer to minor variations in nusach. If someone can research it, or knows where to, we could have a separate section on nusach variations, or maybe this belongs in a more general Jewish prayers article. jnothman talk 04:55, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

btw, lines 29-31 translate as:
 * and satiety, and salvation, and comfort, and saving (in the sense of "maintaining", I think...IZAK may know for sure)
 * and health and redemption and pardon and atonement
 * and plenty and deliverance (or "rescuing")

Hope that helps... Tom e rtalk 07:31, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * It does. Thank you. jnothman talk 08:44, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

Yitgaddel veyitqaddesh vs. Yitgaddal veyitqaddash
Footnote 2 currently says "On line 1, some say Yitgaddel veyitqaddesh rather than Yitgaddal veyitqaddash, putting these words into a Hebrew rather than an Aramaic form." Shouldn't that be "yitgaddeil v'yitqaddeish", and shouldn't it also say "putting these words into an Aramiac rather than Hebrew form"? 15:54, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * "Yitgadél wayitqadésh" is Hebrew (see Qdushah in Siddur). "Yitgadál wayitqadásh" is Judeo-Aramaic.Evrey9 (talk) 16:15, 3 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Nowhere else here is a tsere written as 'ei', so no. And again, no, such a pronunciation is putting the word into a Hebrew form, hitpa'el instead of aramaic itpa'al. jnothman talk 13:59, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * According to a big long discussion on mj a few months ago, its original form in some traditions does indeed use the Hebrew form. This was apparently more common before the Sho'a.  Tom e rtalk  07:56, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

I have added some material on this, which I hope meets with everyone's approval.Sussmanbern (talk) 23:38, 25 August 2011 (UTC)

Too POV. Rewrite.
The point is that there are several nuschaos for Kaddish. I can't believe no one has mentioned this yet. For another example, the phrase "v'yatzmach purkoney vikoreyv m'shichey" is according to the Ari z"l but nusach Ashkenaz omits it. The Temani (Yemenites) say it, along with even more words.  Also, the responsorial customs (where to say amen, whether to continue with yisborech/yisborach or even until shmey d'kudsha b'rich hu) differ widely.  Furthermore, to transliterate into Roman script begs some sort of discussion of different havaros (ways to pronounce the Hebrew).  This is one of the most varied prayers in Judaism—I would say, even more than the Shmoneh Esrey on a word-for-word basis.  As presently written, with occasional brackets around words and "Some people say..." as footnotes, ain't cuttin'.  I suggest this article cut out the transliteration, list one Hebrew kaddish with translation (I'm Lubavitch but Ashkenaz is most common), discuss the difference in nusach, and link to a Wikisource article listing the different nuschaos, possibly transliteration in different havaros correspondingly (e.g., ...sh'mai d'kid'shu b'rich hi (Cong.: b'rich hi)...). Steve Shuck 13:59, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
 * There's no reason a discussion of the variations you metion can't be included right here in this article. Tom e rtalk  23:17, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I have just bracketed the words veyitsmach purkanei et cetera due to the same reasons stated above. As a curiosity, in my community there is now a (luckily very light) dispute due to the occasional use of the new chief Rabbi of the Mizrachi form, to which the traditional Italian community traditionally opposed the shorter version, incidentally sponsored by the all-pervading siddur of Rav Disegni z"l, which is the closest thing to a codification of the Minhag Yitalki. I hope Rav Arbib understands my standing...--UbUb 17:33, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

11 months and Gehinom
On the Purgatory page, someone wrote "Rabbinic literature describes gehinom as a place or state of temporary suffering immediately after death. A belief in the efficacy of prayers for the dead is manifest in the Mourner's Kaddish which is prayed for 11 months after a loved one dies." Here on this page we read, "It is important to note that the Mourners' Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises God. Though the Kaddish is often popularly referred to as the "Jewish Prayer for the Dead," that designation more accurately belongs to the prayer called "El Maleh Rachamim," which specifically prays for the soul of the deceased." Can someone shed some light on this? Jonathan Tweet 14:05, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Leon Wieseltier
Leon Wieseltier wrote Kaddish after his father's death and writes very sympathetically and in a historically highly relevant way about kaddish - its meaning and halachic perspective. Should definitely be included here. JFW | T@lk  20:17, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Unicode
I am a Hebrew text entry newbie (or in this case Aramaic), however, as I was going thru the text today, I a problem.

I believe that the Dagesh character must be added before other vowels -- perhaps since it's more a part of the character? -- such as the Patah in "talmidai." When I copied it into Melell, which is a unicode-savvy editor, the dagesh was outside the letter.

I can't edit this right now. But if someone has the time to go through it ...

David Morgenstern

71.131.179.71 22:45, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Kaddishbands link is advertising?
Whoever has editing rights on the Kaddish page should evaluate whether the external link for Mourner's Kaddish Bands to Kaddishbands.com is prohibited advertising.

Garbanzo28 02:25, 15 March 2007 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Garbanzo28 (talk • contribs) 02:19, 15 March 2007 (UTC).
 * Yeah, definitely. THE KC (talk) 22:15, 11 March 2008 (UTC).

I'm new generation
After reading a quick introduction I skip to the links to get some movie/song/short documentation. - A link to Ofra Haza's interpretation is definitivly missing (youtube). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.22.192.76 (talk) 10:11, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Types of Kaddish
In the section in which several different types of Kaddish are listed, it reads that the Hazi Kaddish, or Half Kaddish is commonly referred to as the "Reader's Kaddish." This is incorrect. The reader's Kaddish is hte Full Kaddish, or Kaddish Shelem. This should be corrected. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.26.236.226 (talk) 21:39, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

Lord's Prayer
How can the Lord's Prayer of Christianity have its roots in the Kaddish if the oldest version of the Kaddish, according to this article, goes back to 900 AD/CE? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.184.202.208 (talk) 07:41, 15 December 2008 (UTC)

 * The oldest extant version giving a full text of the Kaddish goes back to 900 CE. That does not mean that the prayer in some form was not said long before then. In exactly the same way, the oldest surviving Greek manuscripts of the New Testament containing the Lord's Prayer date from the 4th century CE, but the New Testament as such is obviously far older and the prayer was said before then. --Sir Myles na Gopaleen (the da) (talk) 12:26, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

audio
I would love to learn to say these prayers, but I did not grow up Jewish or learn Hebrew. I like learning languages, but I do much, much better if I can hear it. Could someone with a native or near-native accent recite and record these clearly and at a moderately slow pace and post the audio? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Drjrodriguez (talk • contribs) 03:55, 21 December 2011 (UTC)

Baruch Shem
Baruch Shem Kavod Malchuso l'Olom Vaw-ed does not appear in either of the two Torah citations, nor, to my incomplete knowledge, anywhere in Torah. It is traditionally recited between Deut 6:4 (Shema) and Deut 6:5 (v'Awhavtaw), sotto voce in most synagogues except some Reform congregations, and fortissimo on Yom Kippur, the purpose being to prevent anyone from hearing the actual pronunciation of the Name of God when recited by the High Priest of the Temple. 72.226.74.239 (talk) 19:27, 26 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Er, I'm sorry, but I don't see how this is relevant. Baruch Shem is not mentioned in this article and does not form part of the Kaddish. --Sir Myles na Gopaleen (the da) (talk) 12:29, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

Aramaic references
It needs to be clarified that the non-roman text in this article is Hebrew and *not* Aramaic. The origination of the hymn as Aramaic and the transliteration of certain components of the hymn historically from Aramaic into Hebrew does not make the Hebrew characters Aramaic characters. View the wikipedia article on Aramaic alphabet for the distinction. I have temporarily removed headings listing Hebrew characters as Aramaic to correct this however more work is required. If the linguistic history of the hymn is to be included at all, it might be more relevant and clear in a separate article - as currently composed neither is accomplished,  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.111.244.85 (talk) 17:19, 1 January 2014 (UTC)

 * Actually, what we now call the Hebrew alphabet was borrowed from Aramaic. The older Hebrew alphabet found in inscriptions was quite different. --Sir Myles na Gopaleen (the da) (talk) 16:08, 8 February 2018 (UTC)

Hebrew transliteration seems inconsistent?
How come chaf (כ/ךְ) is transliterated as "kh", while chet (ח) is transliterated as ḥ? I've only ever heard them pronounced the same way (I'm of Ashkenazi extraction). Is there a difference in Sephardi, or any other pronounciation? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 27.33.156.163 (talk) 08:06, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Yes, the two letters sound quite different in some Hebrew accents. The Het sounds like a stronger H, like the German A(ch)tung, while the Khaf sounds like a proper throat-clearing sound. Ariehkovler (talk) 10:18, 25 December 2015 (UTC)

Modern variants
Should we have a section about modern variants, and especially the addition of "v'al kol yoshvei tevel" to the Oseh Shalom? Peter Chastain  [¡habla!]  18:16, 14 December 2015 (UTC)
 * I have now added this. Peter Chastain   [¡habla!]  00:37, 20 December 2015 (UTC)

Minyan requirement
In my new section "Minyan requirement", in referring to Wayne Dosick's kavanah invoking a heavenly "minyan", I fear I might be giving too much prominence to one individual's POV. My intention was to portray a variety of halachic and liberal practice, if such a variety actually exists. I hope other editors will improve on this. Peter Chastain  [¡habla!]  22:11, 22 December 2015 (UTC)

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Harlan Ellison
Back in '74, Harlan wrote a short story, I'm Looking for Kadak, (https://reiszwolf.wordpress.com/2020/04/30/im-looking-for-kadak-%E2%80%A2-1974-%E2%80%A2-sf-novelette-by-harlan-ellison/) about a non-human Jew on a far off planet trying to find a tenth person for a minyan to sit shiva. I don't have access to a copy and don't know for sure if Kaddish is explicitly mentioned so I'm reluctant to add it to the list right now. I'm mentioning it here so that if anybody runs across this and knows that Kaddish is mentioned, they might be encouraged to add it. Of course, if I find a copy and it does, I'll add it myself. JDZeff (talk) 21:19, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kaddish


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/EventHorizon

EventHorizon
Declined by nominee at 22:50, Feb 13, 2005, vote was (1/5/3)

Short working history (2.5 months) but seems very thorough and bold. His revisions often improve articles greatly; he's often willing to tear a problematic article apart entirely and rewrite it. He seems able to collaborate with other writers and deal with controversial issues; for example, on Class in the contemporary United States, he put an evident effort into "editing toward consensus", rather than revert-warring as would have usually happened in a similar situation. I think his strongest selling point is that, in his work, he's thorough. It's evident even to me (mostly a lurker) that he puts a lot of work and thought into his edits. So yeah, I think he's a strong candidate, and at least bears discussion even if rejected on the basis of short history. Crocogator 08:05, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I am going to decline this nomination, for now. As said already, I've done mostly article content work, and should have more community involvement and knowledge before stepping up to the position.

 * I am curious: what is RC patrol? I wouldn't mind knowing, if one were interested in responding at my Talk page.

 * Also, my reason for delay in response is that I have been on a mini-vacation from Wikipedia. The tense situation (okay, flamewar) with "Jrwilhelm" at Class in the contemporary United States has required that I take a time-out from Wikipedia, for my own sake. I will resume participation (at that article as well as otherwise) in a few days.

 * Thank you for your consideration. EventHorizon  talk 22:50, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Crocogator 08:08, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Oppose Neutral
 * 1) The edit count is low, but he does mention that this wasn't his first account. My main reasons for opposing are several statements on his user page that implies he's seeking a forum to voice his strong opinions and also the lack of participation in VfD and RC patrol. Carrp | Talk 13:34, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) More solid experience needed. - Taxman 14:47, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) I'm with Taxman. -- R yan!  |  Talk  17:39, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) For now. Andre ( talk ) 21:08, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Needs more time and work, maybe in the future. User:Marine 69-71
 * 1) I await answers below; would like to know if user wants to be an admin and why, as this is important for my support. - Grunt 🇪🇺 22:21, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)
 * 2) Not participating enough.  Also, does he want to be an admin?  -Bart133 (t) 23:20, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Looks like a good user, but the failure to answer the questions below makes it difficult to gauge the user's attitude. Also it gives the impression that the user isn't too fussed about being an admin. Rje 14:51, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)

Comments Questions for the candidate
 * Please set [ Vote here] (1/0/0) ending 07:58 18 February 2005 (UTC) correctly. Thanks. JuntungWu 09:52, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Kate's Tool puts the edit count at 653. JuntungWu 09:53, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * While I hesitate to judge a candidate based on who nominated them, I do think it's relevant to mention that Crocogator has only 39 edits. I'm also concerned with votes such as Crocogator's vote to 'keep' on Votes for deletion/Bushes Gone Wild. Carrp | Talk 14:01, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A.


text:
Talk:A-50

The data posted is a quote from www.aviation.ru. The data is donated to public domain by the owner of the site.

title: Talk:A-50


text:
Fujifilm Business Innovation

Fujifilm Business Innovation Corporation (富士フイルムビジネスイノベーション株式会社), formerly known as Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., is a Japanese company specializing in the development, production, and sale of xerographic and document-related products and services across the Asia-Pacific region. As a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fujifilm Holdings, its headquarters are situated in Midtown West, Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo.

Originally established as a joint venture between Fujifilm and the American document management company Xerox, Fuji Xerox played a prominent role in the industry for 59 years. However, in 2019, Fujifilm assumed full ownership by acquiring the remaining shares, marking the conclusion of the long-standing partnership with Xerox. The formal conclusion of this collaboration occurred on March 31, 2021.

History
Fuji Xerox was established in 1962 as a 50:50 partnership with Rank Xerox. Rank Xerox was absorbed into Xerox Corporation in 1997.

Initially serving as a distributor exclusively for Rank Xerox products, Fuji Xerox transitioned into independent research and development, introducing its proprietary xerographic machines and devices. Notably, their pioneering venture began with the creation of the FX2200 photocopier in 1973, acknowledged as the world's smallest copier at the time. Beyond distribution, Fuji Xerox played a pivotal role in advancing color printing technologies, contributing to the innovation and manufacturing of various devices marketed by Xerox Corporation. Among their milestones is the introduction of the "Xero Printer 100" in 1987, recognized as the world's first multifunction printer/copier.

Fuji Xerox expanded into Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Malaysia in 1982 by purchasing distribution rights from Xerox Corporation, it established a subsidiary company Fuji Xerox Asia Pacific Pte headquartered in Singapore.

In 2000, Xerox Corporation transferred its China/Hong Kong operations to Fuji Xerox, and by 2001, Fuji Photo Film Co. had elevated its stake in the venture to 75%.

As of March 2009, the company employed 40,646 people (Consolidated).

On January 31, 2018, Xerox announced an agreement with Fujifilm for the acquisition of a 50.1% controlling stake in the company, amounting to US$6.1 billion. This move aimed to merge the two entities into Fuji Xerox, establishing a company with an aggregate market value of US$18 billion  However, the deal was called off in May 2018 following resistance by Xerox's board.

On November 5, 2019, Fujifilm had announced that they would acquire the remaining 25% stake of Fuji Xerox from Xerox for a total of $2.3 Billion.

On January 6, 2020, Fujifilm announced that it would not renew its technology agreement with Xerox when it expires at the end of March 2021, and that Fuji Xerox would be renamed Fujifilm Business Innovation Corporation in April 2021. Fujifilm stated that unwinding the venture would allow them to "utilise our own technologies and synergise with technologies owned by other Fujifilm Group companies to produce/market products and solutions under our own new brand worldwide". The company will maintain its product supply agreements with Xerox.

Headquarters
Fujifilm Business Innovation Corporation has its headquarters situated at Tokyo Midtown West in Minato, Tokyo. Additionally, the company maintains a key office at Toyosu Bayside Cross Tower in Kōtō, Tokyo, along with branch offices strategically positioned in Yokohama, Ebina, and Minamiashigara, Kanagawa Prefecture.

Docuprint Printers
Docuprint Printers manufactured by FujiXerox have all of its drivers removed with an End of Life message. The windows drivers are not natively detected by windows update. And the previously available drivers, such as for CM205b available here, have been removed from the official website.

title: Fujifilm Business Innovation


text:
Boston Children's Hospital

Boston Children's Hospital (formerly known as Children's Hospital Boston until 2013) is the main pediatric program of Harvard Medical School, Harvard University. It is a nationally ranked, freestanding acute care children's hospital located at the centre of Harvard Longwood Medical and Academic Area in Boston, Massachusetts. The hospital is home to the world's largest pediatric research enterprise, and it is the leading recipient of pediatric research funding from the National Institutes of Health. It provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21  throughout Massachusetts, the United States, and the world. The hospital also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. The hospital uses the Brigham and Women's Hospital's rooftop helipad and is an ACS verified level I pediatric trauma center, one of three in Boston. The hospital features a regional pediatric intensive-care unit and an American Academy of Pediatrics verified level IV neonatal intensive care unit.

Boston Children's Hospital has been ranked as best pediatric medical center by U.S. News & World Report more times than any other hospital and is currently ranked as the best children's hospital in the United States. Its research enterprise is the world's largest and most highly funded pediatric hospital. In the 2022 fiscal year, it received more funding from the National Institutes of Health than any other children's hospital in the nation.

Overview
One of the largest pediatric medical centers in the United States, Children's offers a complete range of health care services for children from birth through 21 years of age. Its Advanced Fetal Care Center can begin interventions at 15 weeks gestation, and, in some situations (e.g., congenital heart disease and strabismus), Children's also treats adult patients. The institution is home to 40 clinical departments and 258 specialized clinical programs.

From October 1, 2017, through September 30, 2018 (fiscal year 2018), the hospital recorded:

 * 622,000 outpatient visits
 * 60,000 emergency department visits
 * 28,000 inpatient and day surgical cases
 * 5.4-day average length of stay
 * a 2.13 average case-mix

The hospital's clinical staff includes approximately 2,000 active medical and dental staff, 475 residents, fellows, and interns, and over 2,700 nurses. In addition to clinical personnel, Boston Children's has the largest pediatric research enterprise with 3,000 researchers and scientific staff and more NIH funding than any other children's hospital. A trained team of more than 460 volunteers devote thousands of hours each year to support the hospital staff and patients. Kevin B. Churchwell serves as the hospital's current CEO.

As of January 2024, the Boston Children's Hospital's Global Services team serves over 2,500 patients from more than 160 countries. Services provided including coordination of visits, medical records, travel, accommodation, and immigration. The hospital offers a global medical second opinion program in partnership with Grand Rounds, Inc.

In 2019, Boston Children's Hospital was ranked the top pediatric hospital by U.S. News & World Report for the sixth year in a row. Boston Children's was the first stand-alone pediatric hospital in New England to be awarded Magnet status by the American Nurses Credentialing Center.

Boston Children's Hospital is home to the United States' first pediatric and adolescent transgender health program.

History
Children's was founded on July 20, 1869, by Francis Henry Brown, a Civil War surgeon, who traveled to Europe in 1867 to study the pioneering specialized approach to treating children. Brown was impressed with the treatments he witnessed and he wanted to bring that level of care to Boston. Brown opened a 20-bed facility in a small townhouse at 9 Rutland Street in Boston's South End.

Approximately one year after opening, the hospital was moved to the corner of Rutland and Washington Streets. Children's Hospital stayed at this location until 1871 when the hospital moved to Huntington Avenue before its final move to what would become the Longwood Medical and Academic Area.

In 1891 Thomas Morgan Rotch, Children's chief physician, established the nation's first laboratory for the modification and production of bacteria-free milk. Before the establishment of this laboratory, breast milk was often the carrier of many deadly diseases that children were especially susceptible to.

Harvard Medical School affiliated itself with Boston Children's in 1903.

Boston Children's Hospital moved to an area of more than 130,000 square feet on Longwood Avenue in 1914, where the Ebenezer Francis farm was located. The cost of the area was $120,000.

William Ladd, a doctor with Children's, devised procedures for correcting various congenital defects such as intestinal malformations in 1920, launching the specialty of pediatric surgery.

Robert E. Gross, a surgeon at Children's and later a professor of child surgery at Harvard Medical School, performed the world's first successful surgical procedure to correct a congenital heart defect with the "ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus" in 1938, ushering in the era of modern pediatric cardiac surgery.

Sidney Farber, pediatric pathologist, requested Yellapragada Subbarow (a friend and colleague from Harvard Medical School then working at Lederle Laboratories) to supply aminopterin and later amethopterin (methotrexate) to conduct trials on to children with leukemia, a diagnosis that was deemed a "death sentence," in 1948. He achieved the world's first partial remission of acute leukemia. He went on to co-found the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in 1950.

John Enders, his assistant Thomas Weller, and colleague Frederick Robbins, successfully cultured the polio virus in 1949, making possible the development of the Salk and Sabin vaccines for polio. They won the Nobel Prize for their work in 1954. Enders and his team went on to culture the measles virus.

Judah Folkman published "Tumor angiogenesis: Therapeutic implications" in the 1971 November issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. It was the first paper to describe Folkman's theory that tumors recruit new blood vessels to grow.

The Boston Brace, a new, lower profile brace for patients with scoliosis was developed by Chief of Orthopedics John E. Hall and orthotist Bill Miller at the Boston Children's scoliosis clinic in 1972.

Boston Children's conducted a widespread study on donated teeth from children living in Chelsea and Somerville in the 1970s to study how lead effected children's behavior, development and IQ. The results showed that "children whose teeth had the highest lead levels were far behind those with the lowest on measures including IQ, motor coordination and attentiveness in class."

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, a defect in which an infant is born without a functioning left ventricle was first treated via surgical palliation in 1983. The procedure was the first to palliate what had been a fatal condition. Three years later, in 1986, Children's surgeons performed the hospital's first heart transplant. Later in the year, a 15-month-old patient became the youngest person in New England to receive a heart transplant.

Boston Children's Chief of Hematology and Oncology David Nathan recommended for Claudia De Pass, a young patient with sickle cell disease, to try Hydroxyurea, a drug used to treat blood cancer, to treat her sickle cell disease. The treatment worked and Hydroxyurea is now broadly used to treat sickle cell disease.

Researchers in neurology and genetics discover the toxicity beta amyloid, a protein that accumulates in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease, to neurons in 1989. This discovery indicates beta amyloid as the possible cause of the degenerative disease.

Endostatin, one of the most potent inhibitors of blood vessel growth, is discovered by Drs. Michael O'Reilly and Judah Folkman in 1997. In mice, endostatin has shown promise in slowing some cancers to a dormant state. Phase I clinical trials began at three centers in 1999.

Evan Snyder clones the first neural stem cells from the human central nervous system of a fetus in 1998, offering the possibility of cell replacement and gene therapies for patients with neurodegenerative disease, neural injury or paralysis.

In 1998 Children's establishes its Advanced Fetal Care Center to provide diagnostic services, genetic and obstetrical counseling, and prenatal or immediate postpartum intervention for fetuses with complex birth defects. The same year, Larry Benowitz, PhD grows nerve cells in the damaged spinal cords of rats, a significant step in the treatment of spinal cord injuries. The next year, Benowitz discovers that inosine is important in controlling axon regeneration in nerve cells.

Since 2000
In 2002 Scott Pomeroy and Todd Golub use microarray gene expression profiling to identify different types of brain tumors and predict clinical outcome. This allows radiation and chemotherapy to be tailored to kill cancer cells while leaving healthy tissue alone. Also in 2002, Nader Rifai helps to author a paper showing that cholesterol levels and LSD use are less accurate predictors of predisposition to strokes and heart attacks then presence of a C-reactive protein that can be found in blood test results.

Heung Bae Kim and Tom Jaksic develop, test and successfully perform the world's first serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) procedure for patients with short bowel syndrome in 2003. The next year, Children's surgeons perform New England's first multi visceral organ transplant when 11-month-old Abdullah Alazemi receives a stomach, pancreas, liver, and small intestine from a single donor.

In 2005, in the best-documented effort to date, Drs. Felix Engel and Mark Keating get adult heart-muscle cells to divide and multiply in mammals, the first step in regenerating heart tissue. Also in 2005, neurosurgeon Benjamin Warf brought a technique back to Boston Children's for shuntlessly treating hydrocephalus, the condition of excess fluid around the brain.

In 2006, Dale Umetsu, Omid Akbari and colleagues reported that a newly recognized type of immune cell, NKT, may play an important role in causing asthma, even in the absence of conventional T-helper cells. In addition, NKT cells respond to a different class of antigens that are currently recognized to trigger asthma. In that same year, Larry Benowitz and colleagues discovered a naturally occurring growth factor called oncomodulin that stimulates regeneration in injured optic nerves, raising the possibility of treating blindness due to optic-nerve damage and the hope of achieving similar regeneration in the spinal cord and brain.

Norman Spack co-founds Boston Children's Hospital's Gender Management Service (GeMS) clinic in 2007; it is America's first clinic to treat transgender children and the first to prescribe puberty blockers. The clinic provides "counseling and resources in the years before medical intervention is appropriate, along with psychological support and a stepwise approach to medical treatment."

In collaboration with Life Technologies, Boston Children's spins out its genetic diagnostic lab in January 2013 to a new firm called Claritas Genomics. The goal of the partnership is to develop genetic and genomic tests for inherited pediatric diseases. Five years later, in January 2018, Claritas ceases operations. The hospital remains Claritas' majority shareholder during its existence, and a Series B funding round was completed in 2015, raising at least US$15 million.

In 2016, the hospital receives approval by the Massachusetts Public Health Council for a $1 billion expansion to the Longwood Medical and Academic Area. The hospital plans to build an 11-story building with 71 new beds, renovate part of the current campus, and build a new outpatient clinic in Brookline, Massachusetts.

Justina Pelletier controversy
In 2013, Boston Children's Hospital became part of a dispute concerning the treatment of minor Justina Pelletier, which ultimately involved the Massachusetts Department of Children and Families. In February 2012, Pelletier was taken to the emergency-room at Boston Children's Hospital, a trip prompted by severe stomach pain and difficulty walking, For a variety of symptoms, Pelletier had previously been taken by her parents to see doctors across multiple states, receiving multiple diagnoses. She had most recently been diagnosed with mitochondrial disease while a patient at Tufts Medical Center. The BCH doctors doubted that difficult-to-confirm diagnosis, owing to the lack of abnormal blood markers and the fact that there had been no finding of an accumulation of mitochondria in the cell membranes of skeletal muscles, often called the "hallmark of mitochondrial disorders". (Mark Korson, Pelletier's Tufts doctor, had not performed a muscle biopsy. ) Jurriaan Peters, a pediatric neurologist at BCH who evaluated Pelletier, suspected somatoform disorder—a psychological condition creating or worsening physical symptoms. Moreover, Peters suspected that Pelletier was a victim of factitious disorder by proxy—a form of medical abuse in which parents subject their children to excessive medical care. This suspicion was shared by some of Pelletier's prior doctors. In addition to conversations with Pelletier's past doctors, some of whom shared Peters's suspicion, Peters noted that Pelletier "had multiple diagnoses [and] a very patchy network of providers. Those are all classic red flags." However, one of Pelletier's former pediatricians, Thomas Binder, would later state that he never suspected any child abuse.

The Boston Children's Hospital team crafted a treatment plan, with input from some of Pelletier's doctors at Tufts, to "de-medicalize" the case and provide in-hospital psychological care. Although Pelletier's parents were initially receptive, Pelletier's father subsequently attempted to remove Pelletier from the hospital's care, and the team filed a 51A report—used to alert the Massachusetts Department of Children and Families of potential child abuse. Custody of Pelletier was transferred to that agency by order of Judge Joseph Johnston, and the DCF elected to keep her in treatment at Boston Children's Hospital. Pelletier was held in Boston Children's Hospital's psychiatric ward, Bader 5, from February 14, 2013, until January 2014, when she was transferred to Wayside Youth and Family Support Network, a residential treatment center in Framingham. Reports vary of Pelletier's condition during this stay: Pelletier's father said that Pelletier was "declining" in a way visible "to anyone," while the hospital records reflected Pelletier gaining strength, becoming less reliant on a feeding tube, and having regular bowel movements—something her parents had said was not possible without a tube forcing solution into her intestines to make her colon contract.

The case, covered extensively by the media, sparked public protests and a cyberattack campaign on the hospital by Martin Gottesfeld (who was subsequently criminally charged and convicted). In mid 2014, the DCF began allowing Pelletier's parents increasingly expanded visitation rights—including unsupervised day trips, and, on June 6, the agency requested that Pelletier be returned to her parents. On June 17, 2014, Judge Johnston dismissed the child-protection case against the parents, holding that they had successfully demonstrated a "change in circumstances" and noting that they had been cooperative in Pelletier's treatment; the dismissal resulted in the return of Justina to her family. Since her return, Pelletier has undergone multiple medical procedures, including having her colon removed, and the family is currently exploring spinal-related explanations for why Pelletier continues to be unable to walk. The family filed a medical malpractice suit against the hospital, which, after years of litigation, was ultimately resolved in favor of the hospital, after a jury found that Pelletier's doctors had not been negligent.

Harassment campaign against gender-affirming care
In August 2022, right-wing Twitter account Libs of TikTok made approximately 13 tweets about the Boston Children's Hospital and their gender-affirming care, falsely claiming that they were providing "gender-affirming hysterectomies" to minors. One of these tweets contained a reposted video in which a Boston Children's Hospital gynecologist discusses a "gender affirming hysterectomy" procedure. The video was removed after the hospital started receiving large amounts of online criticism, despite the physician not suggesting that the procedure is offered to children. These tweets resulted in the hospital, its employees, and providers receiving death threats, "hostile internet activity, phone calls, and harassing emails including threats of violence". On August 30, the hospital received an anonymous bomb threat by phone which forced the hospital into a temporary lockdown,  although it is unknown whether the threat was related to the harassment. A second bomb threat was received on September 9, which police likewise responded to. On September 15, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) announced that Catherine Leavy of Westfield, Massachusetts had been arrested in connection with the first bomb threat. She was charged with one count of making a false bomb threat through telephone and could face up to five years in prison. After the announcement, Libs of TikTok tweeted: "This is great news. Threats of violence should always be taken seriously."

The Washington Post, USA Today, NPR, and Politifact rejected the tweets and claims as false. According to the hospital's website and statements, the hospital adheres to medical guidelines developed by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health and gender-affirming care involving genital surgeries are only offered to patients between the ages of 18 and 35 while surgical consultations can be offered beginning at the age of 17. The hospital said in another statement that "We condemn these attacks in the strongest possible terms, and we reject the false narrative upon which they are based". When contacted by The Washington Post, Raichik did not answer a question about whether she felt responsible for the threats made against the hospitals she tweeted about, including Boston Children's Hospital, but said that "we 100% condemn any acts/threats of violence".

According to The Washington Post, an archived version of the hospital's website appeared to state that vaginoplasties, the surgical construction or reconstruction of a vagina, were available to 17-year-olds at the hospital. The hospital has since updated its website to reflect its policy of gender-affirming surgeries only being offered to patients between the ages of 18 and 35. The hospital also clarified that patients can only receive surgical consultations at 17.

On September 18, 2022, several protesters opposed to transgender youth services and around 200 counter-protesters gathered outside Boston Children's Hospital on Longwood Avenue for several hours. Armed Boston police officers kept both groups separate.

In November 2022, a third bomb threat was called in, with the caller claiming the explosives were placed in the section of the hospital responsible for gender affirming care. A subsequence police sweep yielded no explosive devices.

Reactions
NBC News has described Libs of TikTok as "one of the primary drivers of the harassment campaign" against Boston Children's Hospital.

Legal authorities in the state put out statements supporting the hospital and its patients, with a spokesman for the Boston Police Department stating that they were investigating the threats. The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) also launched an investigation into the threats and has spoken out in support of the hospital, saying that they will "ensure equal protection of transgender people under the law".

FBI Boston Special Agent in Charge Joseph Bonavolonta said that "Making threats of violence is not a prank — It's a federal crime.", adding that "These threats with innocent people at risk divert law enforcement from responding to actual emergencies are costly to taxpayers, and cause undue stress to victims and the community." The U.S. Attorney for Massachusetts Rachael Rollins called the attacks "disturbing", adding that "health care providers who support and offer care to gender-diverse and transgender individuals and their families deserve to do so without fear." Boston Mayor Michelle Wu condemned the threats being made against the hospital.

Harvard Law School clinical instructor and transgender rights activist Alejandra Caraballo said that "It's very disturbing to see people justify attacking a children's hospital because of their transphobia and their hatred of trans people". Michael Haller, a professor of pediatric endocrinology at the University of Florida, said that "A lot of people have chosen to try to be as quiet about their practice as they can to avoid those direct attacks" and that "Institutions have removed their websites, taken down their publicly facing phone numbers." Michelle Forcier, a clinician at LGBT telehealth group Folx Health, argued that "Kids are getting this significant messaging of, not only are you not okay, but we want to hurt you", adding "That's a pretty scary message to get as an 8-year-old or 12-year-old. It absolutely makes everybody think twice about walking in the door [to a hospital], kids and parents."

Fox News host Tucker Carlson accused Boston Children's Hospital of "playing the victim" after receiving a bomb threat.

Adult programs
In addition to their pediatric specialties, Boston Children's Hospital serves adults through a couple of their nationally recognized programs. BCH completes adult research in addition to their pediatric research.

 * BCH has one of the largest adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) programs in the U.S., providing congenital cardiac care to every age.
 * Boston Children's Hospital also houses an adult strabismus service that offers comprehensive evaluation and treatment for adults.
 * BCH also houses an adult cystic fibrosis program in collaboration with nearby Brigham & Women's Hospital.
 * BCH houses the maternal fetal care center in collaboration with Brigham & Women's Hospital, providing care for mothers carrying babies with congenital anomalies.

Research
The Boston Children's Hospital's research facility consists of more than 1,000,000 sqft of laboratory space including 58,000 square-feet of clinical research space, making it the largest pediatric medical center in the world. the hospital's research staff included over 3,000 researchers and scientific staff. Boston Children's researchers have been honored as members of the National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Laboratory facilities

 * John F. Enders Pediatric Research Laboratories
 * Named in honor of John Franklin Enders, the Boston Children's Hospital researcher and Nobel laureate who cultured poliovirus and the measles virus.

 * Karp Family Research Laboratories
 * This 295000 sqft building opened in 2003 and increased the hospital's research space by over 60%.

 * Center for Life Science
 * Boston Children's Hospital researchers currently occupy more than 4 floors of this 700,000 square-foot, privately managed research facility.

Informatics program
The Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP) at Boston Children's Hospital was founded in 1994. The program's research includes several free and open-source software projects.

Stem cell program
Children's Stem Cell Program investigator George Q. Daley, M.D., Ph.D., has made dozens of iPS lines developed at Boston Children's Hospital available for use by other scientists through the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, an institution affiliated with Boston Children's Hospital.

In 2010, a drug that boosts numbers of blood stem cells, originally discovered in zebrafish in the Boston Children's Hospital laboratory of Leonard I. Zon, M.D., went to clinical trial in patients with leukemia and lymphoma.

Center on Media and Child Health
The Center on Media and Child Health (CMCH) is a non-profit organization based at Boston Children's Hospital. CMCH was founded in 2002, by pediatrician Michael Rich, Associate Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School; and Associate Professor of Society, Human Development, and Health at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

CMCH conducts scientific research to improve the understanding of media influence and provide evidence-based expertise to initiatives and programs that address children's involvement with media. CMCH researchers investigate correlations between media use and children's physical and mental health outcomes, measuring media exposure in youth. Combining techniques of momentary sampling and video capture, this method is more sensitive to the variety of media used, more responsive to media multitasking, and more accurate in its capture of both media content and usage time.

CMCH researchers have developed the Video Intervention/Prevention Assessment (VIA) method, a research method that allows children and teen patients the opportunity to create video diaries about living with an illness. These videos can be used to teach physicians more about the realities of various conditions. CMCH maintains a database of scientific studies on how media affects children's health. David Bickham has researched the role of television viewing and social isolation. CMCH has also been involved in research which addresses the media education of pediatric residents.

Nobel Prizes
Children's Hospital scientist John Enders and his team were first to successfully culture the polio virus and were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1954.

Joseph Murray, chief plastic surgeon at Children's Hospital Boston from 1972 to 1985 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1990 for his research on immunosuppression, specifically his "discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease".

Lasker Awards
William Lennox received the Lasker Award in 1951 for his work researching epilepsy. Lennox organized the American Epilepsy League and the Committee for Public Understanding of Epilepsy.

Robert Gross received the Lasker Award in 1954 for performing the first operation for patent ductus arteriosus, a congenital heart defect, in 1938. He received an additional Lasker in 1959 for being the first surgeon to graft artery tissue from one person to another in 1958.

John Enders was awarded the Lasker in 1954; the same year he was awarded the Nobel Prize for "achievement in the cultivation of the viruses poliomyelitis, mumps, and measles".

Sidney Farber received the Lasker in 1966 for his 1947 discovery that a combination of aminopterin and methotrexate, both folic acid antagonists, could produce remission in patients with acute leukemia, and for "his constant leadership in the search for chemical agents against cancer".

Porter W. Anderson, Jr. received the Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award with David H. Smith in 1996 for groundbreaking work in the development and commercialization of the Hemophilus influenza type B vaccine.

U.S. News & World Report
In 2016, it was ranked as the best children's hospital in America by U.S. News & World Report and was ranked #1 in cancer, #1 in cardiology, #2 in endocrinology, #1 in gastroenterology and GI surgery, #1 in neonatology, #1 in nephrology, #1 in neurology and neurosurgery, #1 in orthopedics, #2 in pulmonology, and #1 in urology.

In 2021 the hospital was ranked #1 best children's hospital in the United States by U.S. News & World Report on the publications' honor roll list.

As of 2021 Boston Children's has placed nationally in all 10 ranked pediatric specialties on U.S. News & World Report.

title: Boston Children's Hospital


text: Category:English geographers

title: Category:English geographers


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Floc

Floc can refer to:

 * Farm Labor Organizing Committee, a labor union
 * Federated Learning of Cohorts (FLoC), a type of web tracking for interest-based advertising
 * Floc (or flock), flake of precipitate that comes out of solution during the process of flocculation
 * Floc (biofilm), a specialized biofilm suspended in water
 * Floc de Gascogne, a sweet apéritif made from a blend of grape juice and Armagnac

title: Floc


text: Category:British geographers

title: Category:British geographers


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Knorr (brand)

Knorr is a food and beverage brand based in Heilbronn, Germany and founded in 1838. It has been owned by the British company Unilever since 2000, when Unilever acquired Best Foods, excluding Japan, where it is made under license by Ajinomoto. It produces dehydrated soup and meal mixes, bouillon cubes and condiments.

It was known as Royco in Indonesia and Kenya, and as Continental in Australia and New Zealand. Knorr is also produced in India and Pakistan.

History
Knorr was founded in 1838 by Carl Heinrich Theodor Knorr (1800–1875). Knorr headquarters are in Heilbronn, Germany. Products previously sold under the Lipton brand (other than tea) are now being absorbed into the Knorr product line. With annual sales topping €3 billion, Knorr is Unilever's biggest selling brand.

Bouillon cubes
In 1912, the first Knorr bouillon cube was introduced. Carl Heinrich Knorr began experimenting with drying vegetables and seasoning to preserve nutrition and flavour, which led to Knorr's first launch of dried soups across Continental Europe in 1873. The bouillon cube is typically made from vegetables and meat.

Worldwide
Knorr is available around the world. By 2000, the Knorr brand expanded to nearly ninety countries, from eight countries in 1957. In Japan, Knorr is owned by Ajinomoto.

In the UK, the brand is known for its association with restaurateur Marco Pierre White.

In Switzerland, the small red imp-like figure on packaging is known as "Knorrli" and was first used as a brand mascot in 1948.

An Israeli company, based in Haifa, Israel Edible Products, produces kosher soups for Knorr that are sold in Israel and the United States.

title: Knorr (brand)


text: User talk:137.226.39.166

title: User talk:137.226.39.166


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Solero (ice cream)

Solero is an ice cream brand, sold under the Heartbrand name in several countries, owned by Unilever and first launched in 1994. In some countries, including Iran, it is sold under the brand name Salar.

title: Solero (ice cream)