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Blair Academy

Blair Academy is a coeducational, boarding and day school for students in high school. The school serves students from ninth through twelfth grades as well as a small post-graduate class. The school's campus is located on a 463 acre campus in Blairstown Township in Warren County, New Jersey, approximately 60 mi west of New York City.

As of the 2021–22 school year, the school had an enrollment of 479 students and 59.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.0:1. The school's student body was 55.1% (264) White, 23.0% (110) Asian, 11.1% (53) two or more races, 7.9% (38) Black and 2.9% (14) Hispanic.

Academics
Blair's academic program follows the traditional four-year college-preparatory plan. Diploma requirements are governed by college entrance requirements.

Athletics
Blair primarily competes in the Mid-Atlantic Prep League (which includes Blair Academy, The Peddie School, The Lawrenceville School, The Hill School, Hun School of Princeton and Mercersburg Academy). The school's traditional mascot is the "Buccaneer" (with the team called the Bucs) and the school colors are navy blue, white and grey. Blair's traditional arch-rival is The Peddie School of Hightstown, New Jersey. Since 1903, Blair and Peddie have competed in football, and the rivalry constitutes New Jersey's oldest continuous prep football competition. Each November, the two schools compete against one another in a fall sports competition, with the winner receiving the Kelley-Potter Cup.

During the days leading up to Peddie Day, spirit abounds at Blair. The campus is bedecked with banners hanging from windows, often poking fun at Peddie's Falcon mascot (known to Blair as the Peddie Chickens). On Peddie Day "Eve," a spirited pep rally, torch procession and stories-high bonfire pave the way for a day of athletic competition. The Bonfire at Blair in the past has been over 80 ft tall, however fire regulations prohibit such large fires now. On Peddie Day held at Blair in November 2021, Blair claimed the Kelley-Potter Cup for the ninth time.

The most successful athletic program is wrestling. Under previous head wrestling coach Jeff Buxton, the team won 31 consecutive National Prep Titles (from 1981–2012) and produced a number of NCAA champions and Olympic gold medalist Robert B. Weaver. Most recently, Blair has produced PAC12 Champion Evan Martin Silver. He has gone on to wrestle for Stanford University after leading as wrestling team captain at Blair. The academy's wrestling team is considered one of the most successful high school wrestling programs in the nation, winning 41 National Team Championships.

The boys swimming team won the NJSIAA state Non-Public state championship in 1926, 1932 and 1935-1940.

Blair's basketball program has developed alums including NBA players Luol Deng, Charlie Villanueva, and Royal Ivey.

Former Blair football player Dion Lewis was drafted in the 5th round of the 2011 NFL Draft by the Philadelphia Eagles. He has received numerous honors in 2010 such as, Sporting News Top 5 Heisman Trophy Candidate, Top 25 Overall Players (No. 6), All America Team (first team), All-Big East, as well as ESPN.com "Big East's 25 Best" No.1. Other notable alums from the Blair football program include Baltimore Raven players Odafe Oweh (1st round 2021) and David Ojabo (2nd round 2022).

Facilities
Almost all campus architecture is in the Richardson Romanesque style, and modern buildings reflect the features and themes of the older structures. There are five major academic buildings: Clinton Hall, Bogle Science Center, Timken Library, Armstrong-Hipkins Center for the Arts and the Chiang-Elghanayan Center for Innovation and Collaboration.

Bogle Science Center, dedicated in 1989 and expanded and renovated in 2019, provides laboratories and classrooms for the science department and includes the 100-seat Cowan Auditorium. Armstrong-Hipkins Center for the Arts was dedicated in 1997 and includes the 500-seat DuBois Theatre, the black box Wean Theatre, and practice rooms. The renovated Timken Library opened in 1998. Annie Hall, a girls' dormitory, opened in the fall of 1999. The Romano Dining Hall was completed in the fall of 2000, and renovation of Insley Hall was completed in 2001.

A major expansion and renovation of the school's athletic and activities facilities and fields occurred between 2006 and 2009: a lighted, synthetic turf field for football, field hockey, and soccer, with new stands, press box, and 400 meter all-weather track; ten new tennis courts (five lighted), a new junior varsity baseball field, and expansion of the existing, natural grass fields. The renovation and expansion of the existing athletic center, including a new student center, concluded in March 2009. This facility, known as Hardwick Hall, houses seven squash courts, three gymnasiums, wrestling facilities, aerobic space, a fitness center, a training room, and locker rooms, and also includes Blair Commons, home of the School's bookstore, The Black Canteen, and college counseling offices. Blair's athletic facilities also include a nine-hole golf course.

The School's pedestrian campus was completed in 2010, making the center of campus vehicle-free. In 2015, the School opened Kathryn Hall, an upper-school girls' dormitory, and Lakeside Hall, an upper-school boys' dormitory, each of which includes three faculty apartments. The Chiang-Elghanayan Center for Innovation and Collaboration, a modern, technology-rich academic facility was completed in 2017 and serves as home to Blair's technology and fine arts departments. Also in 2017, Weber Hall was renovated to best facilitate the teaching of math. In 2018, Blair added the J. Li Golf Training Center and seasonal winter sports complex to its athletic facilities. In 2021 a crew training center was opened and the "Shipyard" outdoor basketball court was named.

Enrollment
Characteristics of the student body:
 * Total Enrollment: 470 (83% boarding / 17% day)
 * Male/Female Ratio: 51% / 49%
 * Number of postgraduate students: 8
 * Number of countries represented: 23 (17% of student body)
 * Number of states represented: 28

Tuition and fees
For the 2023–24 academic year, Blair charges $72,700 for tuition, room and board. Day students are charged $50,600, which covers tuition, study rooms, and meals at school.

In rankings based on tuition, room and board and required fees for the 2013–14 school year, Business Insider ranked the school as the 29th-most-expensive boarding school in the United States. The school was 26th-most expensive based on the publication's rankings based on 2012-13 data.

Faculty

 * Student/Faculty Ratio: 6:1
 * Head of School: Peter G. Curran

Accreditation

 * Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools (since 1928). The school's accreditation status was extended for seven years in Fall 2018.

School memberships

 * ADVIS – Association of Delaware Valley Independent Schools
 * CASE – Council for Advancement and Support of Education
 * NAIS – National Association of Independent Schools
 * NJAIS - New Jersey Association of Independent Schools

Endowment

 * Current Market Value (approximate): $140 million as of June 30, 2022.

Campus

 * The campus, set among 463 acre of rolling hills in the shadow of the Delaware Water Gap, is home to numerous grand old buildings and in 1992 was entered into the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of its historic and architectural significance.

 * In the 1960s and 1970s, the campus was used in the summer by Camp Racquet, a tennis camp run by Charlie Lundgren, then the coach of the tennis team at Upsala College.

Notable alumni

 * Jabri Abdur-Rahim (born 2002), basketball player, Georgia Bulldogs
 * Mahlon Apgar IV (born 1958), businessman and former Assistant Secretary of the Army.
 * John C. Bogle (1929–2019), founder of The Vanguard Group
 * John W. Campbell (1910–1971), science fiction writer and editor of Astounding Science Fiction
 * John Cassavetes (1929–1989), actor, screenwriter, and director
 * Anthony D'Amato (born 1987), singer and songwriter
 * Ray Davis (born 1999), American football running back for the Buffalo Bills
 * Branson DeCou (1892–1941), photographer and traveler
 * Luol Deng (born 1985), former professional basketball player for the Chicago Bulls, Cleveland Cavaliers, Miami Heat, Los Angeles Lakers, and Minnesota Timberwolves
 * Jordan Dingle (born 2000), college basketball player for the Penn Quakers and former Ivy League Men's Basketball Player of the Year
 * Tim Eustace (born 1956, class of 1974), member of the New Jersey General Assembly from the 38th Legislative District from 2012 to 2018
 * A.J. Ferrari (born 2001, class of 2020), wrestler at the Oklahoma State University
 * Reid Fliehr (1988–2013), professional wrestler
 * Thomas F. Goldsmith (1938–2020, class of 1957), mayor of Easton, Pennsylvania 1993-2003
 * Bob Guccione (1930–2010), Penthouse magazine publisher
 * John R. Guthrie (1921–2009, class of 1938), United States Army four-star general
 * James Hagerty (1909–1981), White House Press Secretary during the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower
 * Max Heidegger (born 1997), American-Israeli basketball player for Maccabi Tel Aviv of the Israeli Basketball Premier League
 * Andrew R. Heinze (born 1955, class of 1973), writer and scholar of American history
 * Royal Ivey (born 1981), former professional basketball player, currently an assistant coach with the New York Knicks
 * George P. Jenkins Jr. (1915–2009), chairman of Metropolitan Life
 * Sanoussi Kane (born 2001, class of 2020), American football safety for the Baltimore Ravens
 * Jesse L. Lasky Jr. (1910–1988), screenwriter, novelist, playwright and poet
 * Dion Lewis (born 1990), running back for the University of Pittsburgh and the Tennessee Titans
 * Stuart Loory (1932–2015, class of 1950), author who was managing editor of the Chicago Sun-Times and executive vice president of Turner Networks
 * Tucker Max (born 1975), Internet celebrity and New York Times best-selling author
 * Olivia Miles (born 2003), college basketball player for Notre Dame
 * Steve Mocco (born 1981), 2008 Olympic wrestler, professional Mixed Martial Artist, formerly with WSOF
 * David Ojabo (born 2000, class of 2019), American football outside linebacker for the Baltimore Ravens
 * Odafe Oweh (born 1998, class of 2018), American football outside linebacker for the Baltimore Ravens
 * Frank Perantoni (1923–1991), American football center who played professional football for the New York Yankees
 * Tucker Richardson, college basketball player for the Colgate Raiders
 * Justin Robinson (born 1987), professional basketball player for the London Lions of the British Basketball League
 * Ed Ruth (born 1990), mixed martial artist and former freestyle wrestler
 * Albert G. Rutherford (1879–1941), U.S. Congressman
 * Ed Sabol (1916–2015), founder of NFL Films
 * John Sebastian (born 1944, class of 1962), lead singer and guitarist for the band The Lovin' Spoonful
 * Marial Shayok (born 1995, class of 2014), a Canadian professional basketball player for the Philadelphia 76ers
 * Joseph Horace Shull (1848–1944), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 26th congressional district from 1903–1905
 * William E. Simon (1927–2000), businessman and 63rd Secretary of the Treasury
 * Joe Stanowicz (1921–1999), football player who attended the United States Military Academy where he played at the guard position for the Army Black Knights football team
 * Samuel S. Stratton (1916–1990), U.S. Congressman
 * Hudson Taylor (born 1987), college wrestling coach at Columbia University, straight ally, and founder of Athlete Ally
 * Taki Theodoracopulos (born 1937, class of 1955), conservative writer
 * Mike Tobey (born 1994), professional basketball player for Valencia Basket of the Liga ACB
 * Charlie Villanueva (born 1984), former professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks, who is now a free agent
 * Alexis Wangmene (born 1989), Cameroonian basketball player at the University of Texas at Austin
 * Bobby Weaver (born 1958), Olympic Gold Medalist in Wrestling at the 1984 Summer Olympics

title: Blair Academy


text:
List of hospitals in Hong Kong

This is a list of hospitals and other medical facilities in Hong Kong.

Public hospitals
All public hospitals in Hong Kong are managed by the Hospital Authority. They are organised into seven hospital clusters based on their locations.

Hong Kong West Cluster

 * Grantham Hospital
 * MacLehose Medical Rehabilitation Centre
 * Queen Mary Hospital
 * The Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital at Sandy Bay
 * Tsan Yuk Hospital
 * Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Fung Yiu King Hospital
 * Tung Wah Hospital

Hong Kong East Cluster

 * Cheshire Home, Chung Hom Kok
 * Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital
 * Ruttonjee Hospital
 * St. John Hospital
 * Tang Shiu Kin Hospital
 * Tung Wah Eastern Hospital
 * Wong Chuk Hang Hospital

Kowloon Central Cluster

 * Hong Kong Buddhist Hospital
 * Hong Kong Children's Hospital
 * Hong Kong Eye Hospital
 * Kowloon Hospital
 * Kwong Wah Hospital
 * Our Lady of Maryknoll Hospital
 * TWGHs Wong Tai Sin Hospital
 * Queen Elizabeth Hospital
 * Kai Tak Hospital (under construction)

Kowloon West Cluster

 * Caritas Medical Centre
 * Kwai Chung Hospital
 * North Lantau Hospital
 * Princess Margaret Hospital
 * Yan Chai Hospital

Kowloon East Cluster

 * Haven of Hope Hospital
 * Tseung Kwan O Hospital
 * United Christian Hospital

New Territories East Cluster

 * Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital
 * Bradbury Hospice
 * Cheshire Home, Shatin
 * North District Hospital
 * Prince of Wales Hospital
 * Shatin Hospital
 * Tai Po Hospital

New Territories West Cluster

 * Castle Peak Hospital
 * Pok Oi Hospital
 * Siu Lam Hospital
 * Tin Shui Wai Hospital
 * Tuen Mun Hospital

Private hospitals

 * Canossa Hospital
 * CUHK Medical Centre
 * Evangel Hospital
 * Gleneagles Hong Kong Hospital
 * Hong Kong Adventist Hospital – Stubbs Road
 * Hong Kong Adventist Hospital – Tsuen Wan
 * Hong Kong Baptist Hospital
 * Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital
 * Matilda International Hospital
 * Precious Blood Hospital
 * St. Paul's Hospital
 * St. Teresa's Hospital
 * Union Hospital

Teaching hospitals

 * CUHK Medical Centre
 * Gleneagles Hong Kong Hospital
 * Queen Mary Hospital
 * Prince of Wales Hospital
 * Prince Philip Dental Hospital

Future hospitals

 * Kai Tak Hospital – proposed in 2015 Policy Address, located near Hong Kong Children's Hospital at old Kai Tak Airport site

Defunct hospitals

 * HMS Minden, 1843–1857
 * Medical Missionary Hospital Hong Kong, 1843–1853
 * Seamen's Hospital, 1843–1873
 * Government Civil Hospital, c. 1849–1937
 * Sai Ying Pun Hospital 1937–1978
 * Lock Hospital, 1858–1894 – venereal diseases hospital
 * Cheung Chau Fong Bin Hospital, 1872–1988
 * Royal Naval Hospital, 1873–1949
 * British Military Hospital, Hong Kong, 1907–1996
 * Lai Chi Kok Hospital, 1938–2004
 * Hong Kong Central Hospital, 1966–2012
 * Nam Long Hospital, 1967–2003
 * Victoria Hospital, Hong Kong, 1903–1945

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of hospitals in Hong Kong


text:
Extravagant Worship: The Songs of Reuben Morgan

Extravagant Worship: The Songs of Reuben Morgan'' is a compilation praise and worship album of contemporary worship music by the Hillsong Church. ''Cross Rhythms reviewer John Baugh wonder "why this collection needs to be released apart from 'If you liked ... then you will like ... '", but concluded that apart from that minor complaint, "the album itself is of course great if somewhat unsurprising".

Album details
All tracks on this double-CD album have been written (or co-written) by Hillsong worship leader, Reuben Morgan. All tracks are taken directly from previous Hillsong Music Australia and Integrity Music Inc. albums. The album includes Morgan's hit song "I Give You My Heart."

Track listing
All songs, words and music by Reuben Morgan, except where noted.

Disc one
 * 1) "Hear Our Praises" (from Shout to the Lord 2000) – 5:37
 * 2) "One Day" (from For This Cause) – 4:06
 * 3) "Your Love Is Beautiful" (Morgan, Steve McPherson & Nigel Hendroff; from You Are My World) – 4:25
 * 4) "Eagle's Wings" (from Shout to the Lord 2000) – 4:36
 * 5) "My Heart Will Trust" (from Shout to the Lord 2000) – 5:00
 * 6) "You Are Near" (from For This Cause) – 6:11
 * 7) "You Said" (from By Your Side) – 4:35
 * 8) "Heaven" (from Everyday) – 4:49
 * 9) "In Your Hands" (from All Things Are Possible) – 6:12
 * 10) "Jesus' Generation" (from Best Friend) – 5:11
 * 11) "Touching Heaven Changing Earth" (from Touching Heaven Changing Earth) – 3:55

Disc two
 * 1) "My Redeemer Lives" (from By Your Side) – 4:01
 * 2) "This Is How We Overcome" (from By Your Side) – 3:32
 * 3) "Faith" (from For This Cause) – 3:50
 * 4) "You Are Holy" (from Touching Heaven Changing Earth) – 5:32
 * 5) "Your Love" (from All Things Are Possible) – 5:38
 * 6) "Your Unfailing Love" (from By Your Side) – 6:29
 * 7) "I Belong to You" (from Simply Worship 2) – 5:05
 * 8) "Glory to God" (from Christmas) – 5:18
 * 9) "On the Lord's Day" (from Everyday) – 5:42
 * 10) "I Give You My Heart" (from God Is in the House) – 7:51
 * 11) "What the Lord Has Done in Me" (from By Your Side) – 5:04


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Digivolution

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Keep. Deathphoenix 04:24, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Digivolution
Granted, this has been expanded beyond a mere dictdef, but what makes this term notable and encyclopedic? "Digivolution" garners 728 google hits. Is this what Jimbo had in mind when he sought out to create the "sum of all human knowledge"? GRider\talk 19:24, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Surely Jimbo Wales would CSD'ed if he saw it! Just kidding. This is not a worthy topic for an encyclopaedia. --Neigel von Teighen 20:18, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, yes it was what Jimbo had in mind. Kappa 22:22, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I expected to vote for deletion when I took a look at the article, but in honesty it's actually an example of what I think a breakout from a main article that's gotten too large should look like. This could use cleanup, sure, but it focuses on a high-level topic, of non-trivial complexity, which is present in varying forms through all incarnations of the series, and it discusses the incarnation of the topic across all the various Digimon series, and it's hard to think of a more important central concept to the series.  I have to vote Keep and cleanup. -- Antaeus Feldspar 00:32, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, just under the bar of notability, digimon fancruft. Megan1967 01:17, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. An article cataloging all the wonderous ways by which Digimon transform to their wonderous higher forms is not encyclopedic.  For one thing, Digimon characters are fiction; and encyclopedias are not fiction.  Lets try to keep Wikipedia from to digivolving into the Encyclopedia of Digimon.  --BM 15:52, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - the term is only one used in the dub (the original uses plain old shinka), although it's a central plot device to the series and universe. kelvSYC 18:20, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is at least marginally useful; the fact that a different term is used in the Japanese version is not all that significant, as we would want to use the English term anyway. (But if we didn't, we could always move it.) -Aranel (" Sarah ") 22:14, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Part of the full encyclopedic description of the series which is too large for the main article. Google search clearly gets almost 5000 hits, not 728. Encyclopedias do summarize fiction; there are thousands of unchallenged articles about fictional items. Gururvishnu 21:22, 26 Feb 2005
 * Keep. It seems marginally useful, as it explains one of the less-mentioned but important points in the Digimon series. --Andylkl 08:45, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, agree with others. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)  03:17, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Digimon: Digital Monsters, which isn't so long that this needs to be broken out.   — Gwalla | Talk 04:05, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as per Gwalla. —RaD Man (talk) 04:34, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Digimon article is too large. And I see no problem with it.  Explains major concept in the show.  Suggest that it remain in the encyclopedia. Unsigned vote by 143.200.225.151 (talk • contribs)
 * Keep - Interesting article that provides insight on the show. Unsigned vote by 143.200.145.27 (talk • contribs), who has two edits.
 * Keep - I worked long and hard with my experience to try and keep the facts acurate and besides with a good look as well as the right cleanup then it deserves to stay. Unsigned vote by 24.20.153.45 (talk • contribs)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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John Wigham Richardson

John Wigham Richardson (7 January 1837 – 15 April 1908) was a British shipbuilder on Tyneside during the late 19th and early 20th century.

Career
Richardson was born on 7 January 1837, the son of devout Quakers Edward Richardson and Jane Wigham, and grew up in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. He was educated at Bootham School, York. His nephew, Charles Merz, was a pioneer of electricity distribution in the UK and internationally conceiving the idea of a synchronised electricity grid, now common throughout the world.

Although the family business was in leather tanning, he devoted his life to shipbuilding, learning his skills initially as a draughtsman for Lloyds Register of Shipping in Liverpool (in 1853) and then as an apprentice to Jonathon Robson, a steam-tug builder in Gateshead (from 1853 to 1856).

In 1860, at the age of just 23, he founded the Neptune Works, often incorrectly referred to as Wigham Richardson, at Walker on Tyne, with a loan of less than £5,000 from his father. This was one of the world's first shipyards to build ships in steel, and the original steam engine on the site also provided electric lighting to the neighbourhood.

The company later merged with Swan Hunter's yard to become Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson in 1903. This Company became the most technically advanced ship building facilities anywhere and built the RMS Mauretania for Cunard which was launched in 1906 and held the Blue Riband as the fastest liner across the Atlantic for 26 years.

True to his Quaker beliefs, John Wigham Richardson cared greatly for the workers in his company and was a founder of the Workers’ Benevolent Trust in the region, a forerunner to the trades’ union movement. In 1890 he became President of North East Coast Institution of Engineers & Shipbuilders. The yard built all sorts of ships, other than warships. However, in his later years, Richardson moved away from the Quaker faith and attended an Anglican church.

Among his many passions was one for sundials. He wrote papers on the construction of sundials which were advanced for their time. His most famous sundial was on the store house at the Neptune shipyard at Walker on Tyne. This is now in the collection of the Tyne and Wear Museums.

In 1864, he married Marian Henrietta Thöl, the daughter of a prominent Hamburg businessman, Nicolaus Johann Phillip Thöl, founder of J.P. Thöl & Co Merchants of London. They had seven children, Philip Wigham Richardson (1865–1953), Ernestine (1868–1953), Maurice Wigham (1869–1937), Cecil (1870–1885), Theodora Wigham (1871–1932), George Beigh (1872–1935), Felix Gabriel (1878–1894). He died on 15 April 1908 and is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London.

Publications

 * Memoirs of John Wigham Richardson, 1837-1908. Glasgow, H. Hopkins, 1911. Digital version at Hathi Trust

title: John Wigham Richardson


text:
User talk:Pmacock

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

title: User talk:Pmacock


text:
National Institute on Aging

The National Institute on Aging (NIA) is a division of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), located in Bethesda, Maryland. The NIA itself is headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland.

The NIA leads a broad scientific effort to understand the nature of aging and to extend the healthy, active years of life. In 1974, under Public Law 93-296, Congress granted authority to form NIA to provide leadership in aging research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs relevant to aging and older people. In January 2011, President Obama signed into law the National Alzheimer’s Project Act, designating the NIA as the primary federal agency on Alzheimer's disease research.

NIA is led by Director, Richard J. Hodes, M.D, and Acting Deputy Director Melinda Kelley, M.D.

Past directors
Past directors from 1975–present

Mission
NIA's mission is to improve the health and well-being of older Americans through research, and specifically to:
 * Support and conduct high-quality research on:
 * Aging processes
 * Age-related diseases
 * Special problems and needs of the aged
 * Train and develop highly skilled research scientists from all population groups.
 * Develop and maintain state-of-the-art resources to accelerate research progress.
 * Disseminate information and communicate with the public and interested groups on health and research advances and on new directions for research.

Programs
NIA sponsors research on aging through extramural and intramural programs. The extramural program funds research and training at universities, hospitals, medical centers, and other public and private organizations nationwide.

One such example is the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers (ADRCs). As of 2022, the NIA funds over 30 centers at medical institutions throughout the United States.

The intramural program conducts basic and clinical research in Baltimore, Maryland, and on the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland.

title: National Institute on Aging


text:
Talk:RSA problem

Definition of the problem?

 * decrypting a message without knowing the recipient's private key, or of finding someone's private key.

Thanks for starting this article! Quick question: are both of the above the RSA problem? I thought the RSA problem was finding a plaintext corresponding to a ciphertext, given the public parameters; and that finding the private key from the public key is not (yet known to be...) an equivalent problem? I was under the impression that the second problem was known to be equivalent in difficulty to integer factorisation, but the first is still an open question? I'm not very au fait with RSA, though, so please put me right if necessary ;-) — Matt Crypto 19:26, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, it turns out you're right. The Handbook of Applied Cryptography states the problem thus: "Given a positive integer n that is a product of two distinct odd primes p and q, a positive integer e such that gcd(e, (p − 1)(q − 1)) = 1, and an integer c, find an integer m such that me ≡ c (mod n)." So it's just decrypting a ciphertext. However, I wonder if we shouldn't keep in the information about finding private keys. It's relevant to breaking RSA. Also, I'm not sure if finding someone's private key is known to be equivalent in difficulty to integer factorization. The first question (decryption w/o the private key) is definitely an open question. It's not known if there isn't a way of doing it without factoring the modulus. That I'm sure of. Also, it might be worth mentioning that there are some variants of RSA that have been proven to be equivalent to factoring (it's in Schneier). Anyway, sorry about the mistake. Decrypt3 22:19, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * There are no such variants on RSA. Perhaps you're thinking of the Rabin cryptosystem. -- ciphergoth 19:07, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

uhh
What does RSA stand for?

 * Its the initials of the protocols authors, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA--Bah23 10:59, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Total rewrite
Hope I'm not treading on anyone's toes, but what was there before was pretty much utterly wrong. I've rewritten it to give a more accurate description of what cryptographers mean when they say "RSA problem". -- ciphergoth 19:07, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)

Once you've got the prime factors...
I know it's then "easy" to come up with the solution once you've got the prime factors of N. However it would be nice if this page stated the equation or method. 99of9 (talk) 05:01, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Be our guest! P*Q is a dual prime composite, R*S is a smaller composite that may or may not have one even and one odd component integer (non-prime or prime makes no difference) If the ratio of R to S is very similar to the ratio of P to Q such as in a trivial prime composite 10057, (113 x 89) then the ratio 26:33 is almost the same. 113 x 26 = 2938 * 89 x 33 = 2937. the square root of P*Q*R*S^0.5 = 2937.499957..., THE SQUARE ROOT OF 4 X P*Q*R*S = 5874.99991489..., This is an artefact of one of the Sub-Ratio integers being even. We need to multiply by four, 2938 + 2937 = 5875.

So lets try another random generated trivial dual prime composite:- 448492986412087 A deterministic asymtotic protocol establishes that the Sub-Ratios 2:1, 19:10, 21:11, 223:117 approximates to a similar ratio. 448492986412087 x 223 x 117 = 11701630508477761917 and 11701630508477761917^0.5 = 3420764608.7501785186321174938593 call that 3420764609, 3420764609^2 = 11701630510186922881 and 11701630510186922881 - 11701630508477761917 = 1709160964 = 41342 x 41342, 3420764609 + 41342 = 3420805951 and 3420805951 / 223 = 15339937 3420764609 - 41342 = 3420723267 and 3420723267 / 117 = 29236951

FACTORED! P = 29236951 and Q = 15339937

BTW these two primes spell "BITCOIN'S SECURITY" ie. non existent! , (A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, J = 10 = 1, K = 11 = 2, S = 19 = 10 = 1, etc.)

The deterministic method involves analysis of the square roots of trial sub-ratios. The square roots that are closest to P*S + Q*R will reveal themselves very clearly. Some methods reach a perfect Sub-Ratio almost instantly. RSA-2048 can be factored in the blink of an eye! CAVEAT! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.159.184.78 (talk) 01:13, 1 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Of course the claims above are incorrect. A method like this has been proposed by Lehman (Fermat's_factorization_method). The method has complexity O(N^(1/3)), and hence is not suitable to factor RSA moduli. (Btw, Bitcoin is based on hash chains and not RSA) 2A02:1205:34DB:D060:8C68:AF3A:FF26:947F (talk) 11:30, 1 June 2013 (UTC)

Database method
I imagine that for at least 40 years all major governments have secretly been compiling databases of the products of two primes. It would be very very very large, but surely not impossible? If my surmise is correct, finding the prime factors of N would be a 5 minute look-up task (for such a government, though not for you or me). Would that count as a solution of the RSA problem? Apuldram (talk) 10:15, 10 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Per the Prime number theorem, the number of 512 bit primes (you need two of them to make a 1024 bit RSA key) is more than 2^500 or 10^150, which is vastly more than the number of atoms in the universe. So what you are suggesting is very very very very very very impossible.--agr (talk) 15:30, 10 April 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:RSA problem


text: User talk:204.185.4.253

title: User talk:204.185.4.253


text:
Category:Pediatricians

Pediatricians practice pediatrics, the study of the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.

title: Category:Pediatricians


text: Category:Market failure

title: Category:Market failure


text:
Norton Disney

Norton Disney is a small village and civil parish on the western boundary of the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the border with the adjacent county of Nottinghamshire and shares a boundary with Collingham in that county. This county and parish boundary of Collingham and Norton Disney also splits the Potter Hill area which has important Iron Age and Roman archaeology. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 226. It lies midway between Lincoln and Newark, 2 mi to the south-east of the A46.

Norton Disney was one of the seats of the Disney family, whose name was an Anglicised version of the original French surname d'Isigny, of Isigny-sur-Mer, Normandy, from whom film producer Walt Disney's family might be descended. The Disney family were also lords of the manor in Swinderby, Carlton-le-Moorland and Kingerby.

The Church of England parish church, St Peter's, is a Grade I listed building. The village has one public house, The Green Man, formerly the St Vincent Arms.

History
The Disney family were lords of the manor subsequent to the Norman Conquest in 1066; a charter of 1386 naming their estate as Disnayland. They continued to be lords of the manor up until 17th century. Within the medieval parish church of St Peter there are a number of memorials to the family. There is a commemorative brass in the church commemorating three generations of the d'Isigny or Disney family, installed in about 1580. In the bottom panel is an inscription reading:
 * "The lyfe, conversacion and Service, of the first above named William Disney and of Richard Disney his sonne were comendable amongest ther Neighbours trewe and fathefull to ther Prince and cuntre & acceptable Thallmighty of whom the truth they are received to Salvation accordinge to the Stedfast faythe which they had in & throughe the mercy and merit of Christ our savior Thees thuthes are thus sett for the that in all ages God maybe thankfully Glorified for thes and suche lyke his gracius benifites."

There have been two manor houses in Norton Disney: an original moated house opposite the church, now demolished, and a 17th-century replacement, sited off Main Road.

The lordship of the manor subsequently passed on in the following two centuries with Lord St Vincent's estate, with the Brown family taking the title.

In 1933 a Roman villa was discovered with two mosaic floors in the parish off Folly Lane. Subsequently excavated in 1934/5 the finds were taken to nearby Newark Museum. The villa site is a scheduled monument of national importance. The site in the following 80 years has revealed complex and a high density of both Middle Iron Age and Roman archaeology. Nearby Gallows Nooking Common, running alongside the A46 between Folly Lane and Hill Holt Wood, has an Iron Age and Roman British boundary bank and ditch. It has been excavated three times in 1991, 2001 and 2002 and is thought to be a boundary for the Roman villa. Villa Farm has also revealed through geophysical surveys and two excavations in 2019 and 2022 to be the site of Iron Age roundhouses and a Roman road that runs between North Scaffold Lane and the Roman villa. Finds have included a Roman dodecahedron, described as "exceptional not just because it's the first to have been found in the Midlands, but also because it's a large, very finely-made example in excellent condition."

The fields to the east and south of the Roman villa had geophysical surveys carried out by the Norton Disney History and Archaeology Group in 2020. These surveys and the group’s subsequent excavations in 2021 and 2022 revealed a roundhouse site to the south of the villa. Also extensive evidence of iron smelting dated by XRF analysis to the Middle Iron Age. To the south of Villa Farm, next-door Brills Farm in a 2019 excavation showed evidence of Iron Age pottery. In 2023 an excavation near the farmstead confirmed it was a 2nd to 3rd-century farming settlement. The farmstead itself has a double ditched and banked enclosure feature which is potentially Iron Age in origin. Close to the Lincolnshire boundary a mounted Iron Age deity was discovered in 1989 by metal detectorists. This deity, aka the “Norton Disney rider god” was subsequently bought by the British Museum.

The site is also important in that William Stukeley, the antiquarian, visited Potter Hill in 1722. He described the site as having a Roman pottery and drew a view of the landscape taking in the Fosse Way, Potter Hill, Crococalana and Newark. This correctly linking Crococalana and the Fosse Way within the landscape with Potter Hill as Roman sites. The Roman town of Brough or Crocoalana, lies on the Fosse Way, just over the border in Nottinghamshire.

During the Second World War, RAF Swinderby (later renamed RAF Norton Disney) was home to No 93 Maintenance Unit (No 93 MU) from August 1939 until 1958. It was also a mustard gas filling station and required a site decontamination subsequently.

Walt Disney visit
Walt Disney visited the village on the afternoon of Thursday 7 July 1949, in an attempt to trace his ancestry. The visit is recorded in the British magazine Illustrated.

Disney had been in the UK from 20 June 1949, arriving at Southampton on RMS Queen Elizabeth; he embarked on a six-day motoring holiday with his two teenage daughters, Diane and Sharon, and his wife, with a convoy of cars. After seeing the village, he left for a night at Boroughbridge in North Yorkshire, later visiting 8 Howard Place in Edinburgh on 8 July. He visited Loch Ness. Disney also planned to visit the Derbyshire Peaks, Stratford-upon-Avon, the Scottish Highlands, and Burns country. Disney spoke to the vicar, Rev R K Roper, who said that Disney was a 'charming unaffected person'. Disney's daughters had decided that their father had been working too hard, and needed a rest.

His film Treasure Island was being filmed at Denham Film Studios from 4 July 1949, being also filmed at Falmouth and Hartland Quay at Bideford, in Devon, from 4 July 1949 on the Ryelands 158-ton schooner, owned by Plym Shipping Line, for three weeks. It was the first film that Disney had made abroad.

In 2023, Disney historian Sebastien Durand commented on Norton Disney and its connection to Walt Disney: "This is the oldest place in England where you can find a trace of Disney, of Walt Disney's history and his family tree and even his coat of arms. The name comes from here. The exact possibility that Walt Disney is related to that is, I would say, 99%."

title: Norton Disney


text:
Dystopia (band)

Dystopia was an American crust punk/sludge metal band that formed in Orange County, California in 1991. They were popular in both the heavy metal and punk scenes, due in large part to the band's bleak, misanthropic imagery. Dystopia's lyrics often dealt with human emotions and social or political issues such as environmentalism, racial equality, substance abuse, and animal rights.

Members

 * Todd Kiessling – bass (Confrontation, Mange, Agrimony, Kontraklasse, Sour Vein, Screaming Fetus, Sex Powers)
 * Matt "Mauz" Parrillo – guitar, vocals, samples (Cantankerous, Mindrot, Medication Time, Nigel Pepper Cock, Drain the Sky, John the Baker and the Malnourished, Kicker, Tension Span)
 * Anthony "Dino" Sommese – drums, vocals (Carcinogen, Ghoul, Asunder, Lachrymose, Insidious, Noothgrush, Deadform)

Previous members

 * Dan Kaufman – vocals (1991–1993) (Mindrot, Eyes of Fire, Destroy Judas)
 * Phil Martinez – drums (1991) (Phobia, Apocalypse)

Discography

 * Studio Album
 * Human = Garbage 12-inch (1994, Life Is Abuse/Misanthropic Records)
 * The Aftermath 12-inch (1999, Life Is Abuse/Misanthropic Records)
 * Dystopia CD/LP (2008 Life Is Abuse)

 * EPs
 * Backstabber 7-inch (1997, Life Is Abuse/Misanthropic Records/Common Cause

 * Live Albums
 * Live in the Studio demo tape (1992, self-released)

 * Splits
 * Dystopia/Grief 7-inch (1993 Life Is Abuse/Misanthropic Records)
 * Dystopia/Embittered 12-inch (1993 Life Is Abuse/Misanthropic Records)
 * Dystopia/Suffering Luna 7-inch (1995 Life Is Abuse/Misanthropic Records)
 * Dystopia/Skaven 12-inch (1996 Life Is Abuse/Misanthropic Records)
 * Twin Threat to Your Sanity[Bongzilla/Noothgrush/Corrupted/Dystopia] 2-7"(2001 Bad People Records)

 * Compilation appearances
 * "Anger Brought by Disease" on Cry Now Cry Later Vol. 2 2×7″ (1995 Pessimiser Records)
 * "Backstabber" (live) on Fiesta Comes Alive LP/CD (1997 Slap-A-Ham Records)
 * "Backstabber" on Reality Part Two LP/CD (1997 Deep Six Records)
 * "Cosmetic Plague (Rudimentary Peni)" on Whispers 2xLP/CD (1997 Skuld Records)
 * "Anger Brought by Disease" on Cry Now Cry Later Vol. 1 & 2 CD (1998 Pessimiser Records)
 * "Diary of a Battered Child" on Twin Threat to Your Sanity 2×7″ (2001 Bad People Records/Riotous Assembly Records)
 * "Stress Builds Character" on Hymns For The Hearing Impaired  CD (1999 Bad People Records)

title: Dystopia (band)


text:
Talk:Pinctada

Pearl diving
Please link appropriately with the page about Pearl diving (Pearl hunting). This would seem helpful, but I am myself not a expert in this topic. So if you are one, please add this connection. Thanks. 83.76.179.107 15:05, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Japanese pearls
So what is Japanese pearls are they just oysters or they really pearls or are oysters pearls. so i know this is my homework but i do not have a computer

Answer: The term Japanese Pearls is no longer used. This used to refer to Japanese Akoya pearls and pearls from Lake Biwa. But today Lake Biwa no longer produces pearls, and the Japanese Akoya pearl industry is dying - the Japanese are now importing Akoya from China, stringing them, and selling them as "made in Japan". But in reality they are now simply Akoya pearls. The Japanese pearl oyster is the Akoya, or Pinctada fucata martensii. This oyster is still used in Japan, China, and a few other countries to culture pearls.

For further reading visit: http://www.pearl-guide.com/japanese-akoya-pearls.shtml help me this is my homework —Preceding unsigned comment added by George J M (talk • contribs) 15:05, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

Errors
Paragraph 4: is "phycological" an error for "physiological", or is there actually something seaweed-related here? I would correct it except I don't want to make it incorrect. User:Octopod —Preceding undated comment added 22:32, 24 March 2011 (UTC).

Stubs
Hello. What's the word on Pinctada maxima and Pinctada margaritifera? Are they true species or just varieties of a single species? I would like to stub them. Thanks. --Anna Frodesiak (talk) 07:47, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

File:Pinctada margaritifera MHNT.CON.2002.893.jpg to appear as POTD soon
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Pinctada margaritifera MHNT.CON.2002.893.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on March 20, 2016. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2016-03-20. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 23:46, 4 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Ok Update performed --Archaeodontosaurus (talk) 06:13, 5 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pinctada


text: Talk:Extravagant Worship: The Songs of Reuben Morgan


text:
Barnett effect

The Barnett effect is the magnetization of an uncharged body when spun on its axis. It was discovered by American physicist Samuel Barnett in 1915.

An uncharged object rotating with angular velocity $ω$ tends to spontaneously magnetize, with a magnetization given by
 * $$M = \chi \omega / \gamma, $$

where $γ$ is the gyromagnetic ratio for the material, $χ$ is the magnetic susceptibility.

The magnetization occurs parallel to the axis of spin. Barnett was motivated by a prediction by Owen Richardson in 1908, later named the Einstein–de Haas effect, that magnetizing a ferromagnet can induce a mechanical rotation. He instead looked for the opposite effect, that is, that spinning a ferromagnet could change its magnetization. He established the effect with a long series of experiments between 1908 and 1915.

title: Barnett effect


text:
Robert Lorick

Robert Lorick (died January 2016) was a lyricist, actor, and writer, best known as a Broadway lyricist and for his work portraying Jack Flanders, the lead character in a series of ZBS Foundation audio adventures produced from 1972 until Lorick's death in 2016.

In 1972, Lorick made his debut as a lyricist with the Off-Broadway musical Hark! at the Mercer-O'Casey Theatre. In the 1980s, he wrote the lyrics for the Broadway show The Tap Dance Kid, which ran for 669 performances (Dec 83 - Aug 85) at the Broadhurst Theatre (capacity 1150) and the Minskoff Theatre (capacity 1620), New York and won two Tony Awards in 1984. He received a Grammy nomination for best cast album for The Tap Dance Kid.

Lorick also wrote for ABC's All My Children, Afterschool Specials, Disney's Polly Comin' Home and wrote the theme song for NBC's Millennium Special. His voiceover clients included Volvo, Cadillac, Ford, IBM, American Express, most of the world's leading fragrance houses, and he was the "voice of Chanel" for more than a decade. His corporation, Lorick, Inc., is a video production company, and he held a master's degree from Columbia University. He died in January 2016 after a period of kidney dialysis.

title: Robert Lorick


text:
Thierry Breton

Thierry Breton (born 15 January 1955) is a French business executive, politician, writer and the current Commissioner for Internal Market of the European Union. Breton was vice-chairman and CEO of Groupe Bull (1996–1997), chairman and CEO of Thomson-RCA (1997–2002) and chairman and CEO of France Télécom (2002–2005). In 2005 he entered politics serving as Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry (2005–2007) in the governments of Prime Ministers Jean-Pierre Raffarin and Dominique de Villepin, during the presidency of Jacques Chirac. From 2007 to 2008 he was a professor at Harvard Business School before joining group Atos from 2009 to 2019 as its CEO. Since 2019, Breton has been European Commissioner for Internal Market under the presidency of Ursula von der Leyen, an appointment that met with controversy, as he was considered by anti-corruption association Anticor to be at serious risk of conflicts of interest over his previous posts at France Télécom and Atos.

Early life and education
Breton was born in the 14th arrondissement of Paris. His father was a civil servant in the agency responsible for developing nuclear energy. He completed his middle and high school education at the École alsacienne in Paris and University-preparatory school classes for the Grandes écoles at Lycée Louis-le-Grand.

Breton received a master's degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from École Supérieure d'Électricité (Supélec, now CentraleSupélec) in 1979 and later graduated from the Institut des hautes études de défense nationale (IHEDN).

Career in business
Breton began his career in 1979 as a teacher of IT and Mathematics at the Lycée Français de New York as part of his military service through cooperation. In 1981 he created Forma Systems, a systems-analysis and software-engineering company of which he became CEO until 1986.

In 1986 Breton became adviser to the French Ministry of Education and Research René Monory and designed open-air science and technology theme park Futuroscope. From 1990 to 1993, he was managing director of CGI Group, a global information technology company.

Groupe Bull
In 1993, the French government hired Breton to help turn around troubled national computer maker Groupe Bull. As second in command, he managed to restructure the stock-market listed company and became in 1996 Vice-President of the board of directors. He is widely credited with pulling Bull from the edge of bankruptcy.

Thomson
In 1997, the French government named Breton chairman and CEO of Thomson Multimedia, a state-owned consumer-electronics company that was on the verge of collapse. A year before France's prime minister Alain Juppé unsuccessfully tried to sell the company to South Korea–based Daewoo for a single franc.

Breton made stock offerings to generate cash and diversified the company's businesses, figuring that consumer-electronics products were not high-end enough to consistently earn profits over the long term. Breton involved Thomson in interactive television, electronic publishing, and the Internet, as well as the higher-margin business of digital film-editing services. Thomson began manufacturing televisions with built-in software to run the electronic reference.

Thomson's new ventures instilled investors with renewed confidence in the company and allowed Breton to attract big name companies such as Microsoft, Alcatel-Lucent, NEC, and the DirecTV division of Hughes Electronics. By 1999 Thomson was turning a $230 million profit on sales of $6.5 billion. By the time Breton left in 2002, revenues had increased by more than 80 percent and Thomson was outperforming Sony, Matsushita, and Philips, its major consumer-electronics competitors.

He was named Honorary President of the company in September 2002 following his departure for France Télécom.

France Télécom
Widely acclaimed as a "turnaround whiz", Breton was named by French government as head of multinational telecommunications corporation France Télécom on 2 October 2002.

In the previous year, the company's share price had fallen about 70% while debts have ballooned to 60 billion euros ($54bn). A risky acquisition strategy that included mobile phone operator Orange, data carrier Equant and Internet service provider (ISP) Freeserve as well as several new, third-generation mobile phone licences had left France Telecom with the infamous title of the world's most indebted listed company.

At the time Breton took over share prices were worth less than 7 euros. Two months after his arrival these share prices had risen by 170%. He launched Ambition FT 2005 and generated a three-tiered plan that called for cutting costs to increase cash flow, refinancing debt, and generating $16 billion from shareholders through a capital increase, all in efforts to save $30 billion over three years.

The operator was simultaneously facing an intensification of the competition in its long time market of France, as well as a demand from the ARCEP to unbundle ADSL. As a response to these challenges Breton notably ended Orange's venture on the stock market and took back complete control over the subsidiary and its earnings.

In July 2003 he launched the plan Broadband internet for all with the objective of providing broadband to 90% of the French population. To do this he increased spending in the innovation sector by 20% and launched the charter Innovative Departments to speed up the development of broadband in rural areas. The following year the company recorded more than 7000 patents filed in France and abroad. In the same year France Télécom reintegrated with Wanadoo to integrate fixed telephony and service provider activities. In July 2004 Breton announced the launch of Livebox, the operator's first Triple Play offer and France Télécom would become the first organisation to implement the concept of integrated operator.

In September 2004 the French government finalised the privatisation of France Télécom on which it had been working progressively since 1996. However, in accordance with the law of 31 December 2003 proposed and supported by Breton, the specific status of the employees was maintained. When he left the company for the Ministry of the Economy in February 2005 the share price was 23 euros. In less than three years the company's debt was reduced to less than 40 billion euros. He was named as Honorary President of France Télécom.

In January 2010 the Harvard Business Review first published a list of "The 100 Best-Performing CEOs in the World" which was based on an academic study comparing the performances of the heads of industry of the 2,000 biggest global companies, in their relevant fields, from 1995 to 2009. Breton held the 62nd position for his term as CEO of France Télécom.

Atos
After two years of government service (2005–2007) Breton became in November 2008 the executive chairman and CEO of private-owned Atos S.A., formerly Atos Origin. On the announcement of his nomination the share price, which was previously valued at 18 euros, rose by 7.84%.

In 2008 Atos generated a sales revenue of 5.5 billion euros with a headcount of 50,000 employees but according to Breton was "managed too compartmentally" and the company's inferior profitability margins compared to those of its competitors required a complete transformation plan.

In July 2011 Breton orchestrated the acquisition of the IT activities of German industry group Siemens which allowed the company to rank number one among the European IT services players and in the Top 5 worldwide, with 75 000 employees in 42 countries. The deal, valued at €850m ($1.1bn), was the biggest Franco-German transaction since an alliance between Germany's premium carmaker Daimler and France's Renault early this year. The operation was lauded by the financial markets and the Atos share price rose by 11.6%.

With the integration of 28,000 engineers Atos became one of the most important Franco-German industrial collaborations since Airbus, illustrated particularly by a financial partnership (Siemens took 15% of Atos’ capital), and a common investment fund of 100 million euros was created as well as a joint response to international tenders. This strategy was awarded the prize for Industrial cooperation by the Franco-German Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

In 2012 Breton adopted the Societas Europaea for Atos which gave the company two headquarters, one in France and a second in Munich, Germany. Furthermore, he participated in other European institutional projects in which the Franco-German partnership played a central role such as the European Commission’s European Cloud Partnership (2012–2014) over which he co-presided with Jim Snabe, the co-CEO of the German software company SAP.

In May 2014 Breton launched a friendly takeover on French historic IT industry player Bull, turning Atos into the number one European company and one of the major global players in Big Data and Cybersecurity. This acquisition, again commended by the markets (Atos’ share price rose by 6.2% and Bull's by 21.9% the day of the announcement) notably allowed the company to position itself in the supercomputing segment and to become the sole European manufacturer.

Six months later Breton announced Atos’ acquisition of Xerox’s IT outsourcing activities as well as a strategic partnership with the American company. This operation, which was viewed favorably by the Stock Market, made Atos one of the five largest digital companies in the world. The company had doubled in size within six years with a headcount of around 100,000 employees. Breton received world attention after an interview with the Wall Street Journal in 2011 when he reiterated his intention to ban internal email, dubbed as "the pollution of the information age", at Atos within 18 months (known as the zero-email strategy), replacing internal emails by a set of enterprise social networks, enterprise instant messaging, collaborative tools etc..., both being developed inhouse and partially aggregated from other vendors.

In May 2015 the company's market capitalization rose to 7.29 billion euros, an increase of more than 5 billion euros compared with November 2008 when Breton took over office. The market share price of Atos grew by 268% in five years.

In 2018 October Atos announced acquisition with Syntel Pvt. Lmt. An Indian company.

Minister of Finance
Having already been proposed twice to succeed Nicolas Sarkozy as Finance Minister, Breton was appointed on 24 February 2005 while at France Telecom, replacing Hervé Gaymard. At the time, he was the country's fourth finance minister within just one year.

During his two and a half years at the head of Bercy, Breton centred his economic policy on the need to reform public finances, specifically to reduce debt. In June 2005 he declared that France lives beyond its means, a sentiment echoing the words of the Prime Minister Raymond Barre in 1976. He stated to the French people that the entirety of their income tax would serve only to finance the interest payments on the national debt. A month later he set up a commission presided over by BNP Paribas CEO Michel Pébereau which was given the task of breaking the pattern of public debt.

He stipulated the maintenance of public deficit below a level of 3% of GDP in 2005 and 2006 as his primary goal. At the end of 2005 France's deficit fell to 2.9% of its GDP after three consecutive years of surpassing the figure of 3%. In 2006 the public deficit was further reduced to 2.5% and public debt was recorded to have dramatically fallen to 63.9% of GDP. For the first time since 1995 the country's budget was in a situation of primary surplus. At the same time France's GDP rose by 2.1% in 2006 compared with 1.7% in 2005.

In October 2005 Breton proposed a law on "the modernization of the economy" which was voted in the same year and looked to prioritize SMEs’ access to financial markets, encourage research and promote giving employees a stake in the company's outcomes. On this occasion he also announced himself in favor of the status of the Societas Europaea being written into French legislation to allow businesses to operate throughout the EU on the basis of a unified set of financial rules.

At the same time he led a reform for fiscal simplification which attempted to reduce the number of tax brackets from seven to four and put in place a pre-filled internet based declaration of revenues.

During this period he unveiled the concept of the tax shield, which he would initiate in 2006 at a level of 60% excepting health insurance and social debt reimbursement. This was taken up again by Sarkozy in 2007 with a lowering of the level to 60% and an inclusion of health insurance and social debt reimbursement.

Breton wanted France to be the first country to move forward in developing its immaterial heritage. Thus in March 2007 he entrusted a report to Maurice Lévy and Jean-Pierre Jouyet on the economy of the immaterial with the goal of creating an agency for the immaterial heritage of the state which ambition would be to valorize the state's immaterial assets (use of image; brands etc.) This one-of-a-kind agency was put in place on 23 April 2007. This immaterial heritage was recorded as 10 billion euros worth of assets in the state's annual report in 2010.

By February 2007 the unemployment rate was at 8.4%, the lowest recorded score since June 1983.

Breton finished his term on 15 May 2007 at the end of Jacques Chirac's five-year term. The handover of power to Jean-Louis Borloo, named as Minister of the Economy by the newly elected President of the French Republic Nicolas Sarkozy, took place the following day.

Other activities
In 2008, Breton was considered for chairing Protectinvest, a private foundation in Belgium set up by billionaire Bernard Arnault to safeguard the integrity of the LVMH group until 2023.

International organizations

 * Asian Development Bank (ADB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2005–2007)
 * European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2005–2007)
 * European Investment Bank (EIB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2005–2007)
 * International Monetary Fund (IMF), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2005–2007)

Corporate boards

 * Sonatel, Independent Member of the Board of Directors (2016-2019)
 * Bank of America, Member of the Global Advisory Council (2013–2019)
 * SATS Ltd., Member of the Board of Directors (2015–2018)
 * Worldline SA, Chairman of the Board of Directors (2014–2019)
 * Carrefour, Independent Member of the Board of Directors (2008–2019)
 * Rhodia, Member of the Board of Directors (–2005)
 * Groupe Bull, Chairman of the Board of Directors (2004–2005)
 * AXA, Member of the Board of Directors (2001–2005)
 * La Poste, Member of the Board of Directors
 * Dexia, Member of the Board of Directors (2000–2005)
 * Schneider Electric, Member of the Board of Directors (2000–2005)

Non-profit organizations

 * French Academy of Technologies, Member
 * Global Talent Competitiveness Index (GTCI), INSEAD, Member of the Advisory Board (2013)
 * Harvard Business School, Member of the European Advisory Board
 * University of Technology of Troyes, Chairman (1997–2005)

Academic career
After leaving the government, Breton briefly worked as professor at Harvard Business School (2007–2008) where he taught Leadership and Corporate Accountability (LCA).

Author
He is the author of many books about information technology and economy, and co-author of a novel about cyberspace.

 * 1984 : Softwar, The Emergence of Computer Virus as a weapon of mass destruction (La Guerre douce), Thierry Breton – Denis Beneich, éd. Robert Laffont, Paris; (translated in 25 countries).
 * 1985 : Vatican III, The emergence of a World made of information based Communities, Thierry Breton, éd. Robert Laffont, Paris
 * 1987 : Netwar, The Networks War (La guerre des réseaux), Thierry Breton, éd. Robert Laffont, Paris
 * 1991 : La Dimension invisible, The Emergence of Information Society (Le défi du temps et de l'information), Thierry Breton, éd. Odile Jacob, Paris
 * 1992 : La Fin des illusions, The end of the Geek Age, Thierry Breton, Plon, Paris.
 * 1993 : Le Télétravail en France, An early description of Teleworking in France, Thierry Breton, La Documentation française, Paris.
 * 1994 : Le Lièvre et la Tortue, France and The Knowledge Revolution, Thierry Breton – Christian Blanc, éd. Plon, Paris.
 * 1994 : Les Téléservices en France, An early description of the internet world, Thierry Breton, La Documentation française, Paris.
 * 2007 : Antidette, How to reduce the over spending and major indebtedness of France, Thierry Breton, Plon, Paris.

Recognition
Breton is an officer of the Légion d'honneur and a commander of the Ordre National du Mérite. He is also a member of Le Siècle.

On 24 April 2018, Breton was among the guests invited to the state dinner hosted by U.S. President Donald Trump in honor of President Emmanuel Macron at the White House.

Decorations

 * 🇧🇷 Brazil: Grand Officer	 of the Order of the Southern Cross - 2006
 * 🇨🇱 Chile: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit - 2006
 * 🇫🇷 France: Commander of the Order of Legion of Honour - 2015 (Offier 2008 ; Chevalier 1997)
 * 🇫🇷 France: Grand Officier of the National Order of Merit (France) - 2012 (Commander 2004)
 * 🇲🇦 Morocco: Commander of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite - 2010
 * 🇪🇸 Spain: Commander of the Order of Civil Merit - 2006

Awards

 * 2015: Montgelas Prize, for outstanding actions in favor of French-German cooperation, Munich, Germany.
 * 2012: Les Echos Strategist of the Year
 * 2002: La Tribune Strategist of the Year and was

Honors

 * 2001: Honorary Citizen of the City of Foshan, Guangdong Province, China

Controversy
On 1 April 2021 Breton told the media that no vaccines would be exported from the EU unless Astrazeneca fulfills its obligations towards the EU. This prompted outrage from the British Government, who claimed to have invested heavily in a factory in the Netherlands to produce vaccines for the UK. The UK threatened to block exports of the raw ingredients to the EU should their position not change. Breton and Ursula von der Leyen were described as "vaccine pirates" on social media, despite production and export figures in established news sources showing otherwise. In an attempt to resolve the issue, Breton initiated negotiations between all involved parties, i.e. the CEO of AstraZeneca Pascal Soriot, and the Dutch, Leiden-based AZ subcontractor vaccine plant, HALIX. During these meetings, it emerged that AstraZeneca had conceded that all but one batch of the plant's vaccines would stay in the EU.

In late 2005, French police carried out at least a dozen raids – including on Breton's office –  in connection with complaints about accounting irregularities at Rhodia between 1999 and 2004 and in connection with the sale of assets by the pay-television company Canal Plus to the electronics company Thomson.

Personal life
Breton has been married to journalist Nicole-Valerie Baroin since 1981. They have one son and two daughters, with grandchildren living in Berlin. Breton speaks some German.

In July 2019, two men wearing ski masks and gloves and wielding handguns broke into Breton's Paris home, beat him and locked him up along with his wife and their live-in chauffeur. The thieves made off with a diamond bracelet worth €50,000 and several hundred euros in cash.

In 2023, Breton purchased Gargilesse Castle in Gargilesse-Dampierre from a local painter, Annick Thévenin, who had bought the castle in 1998 to use as an art gallery. Breton is not planning to live there and intends to keep it as a cultural space.

title: Thierry Breton


text:
Twenty, Lincolnshire

Twenty is a village in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 3 mi east of Bourne, and 5 mi west of Spalding.

Location
Twenty is situated on the A151 road, possibly originally a Roman road or Norman causeway, a road today notable for the very deep drainage dyke that runs alongside it. Nearby are Guthram Gowt and West Pinchbeck. Immediately to the south is the River Glen.

No separate population statistic is available for Twenty. The best available report lumps together Dyke, Twenty, South Fen and Spalding Road outside Bourne, with a total of 495, with Dyke being the largest.

Modern drainage
The area falls within the drainage area of the Black Sluice Internal Drainage Board. They maintain a small electric pumping station to the west of the crossroads, called Twenty Pumping Station

title: Twenty, Lincolnshire


text:
Judith Rich Harris

Judith Rich Harris (February 10, 1938 – December 29, 2018) was an American psychology researcher and the author of The Nurture Assumption, a book criticizing the belief that parents are the most important factor in child development, and presenting evidence which contradicts that belief. Harris was a resident of Middletown Township, New Jersey.

Early life and education
Born in Brooklyn in 1938, Harris spent her early childhood moving around the United States until her parents eventually settled in Tucson, Arizona. The dry climate suited her father, who had ankylosing spondylitis, an autoimmune disease.

Harris graduated from Tucson High School and attended the University of Arizona, and then Brandeis University where she graduated magna cum laude in 1959. Harris was dismissed from the Ph.D. program in psychology at Harvard University in 1960, because the 'originality and independence' of her work were not to Harvard's standards. She was granted a master's degree in her field, before departing.

Research: 1977–1995
In the late 1970s, Harris developed a mathematical model of visual information processing which formed the basis for two articles in the journal Perception and Psychophysics (1979, 1984).

After 1981 she focused on textbooks about developmental psychology. With Robert Liebert, she co-authored The Child (Prentice-Hall, 1984) and Infant and Child (1992).

In 1994 she formulated a new theory of child development, focusing on the peer group rather than the family. This formed the basis for a 1995 article in the Psychological Review, which received the American Psychological Association's George A. Miller Award for an Outstanding Recent Article in General Psychology. George A. Miller was chair of the Department of Psychology at Harvard in 1960, when Harris was dismissed from that Ph.D. program (see above)

The Nurture Assumption
Harris's most famous work, The Nurture Assumption, was first published in 1998, with a revised version published in 2009.

In this book, she challenges the idea that the personality of adults is determined chiefly by the way they were raised by their parents. She looks at studies which claim to show the influence of the parental environment and claims that most fail to control for genetic influences. For example, if aggressive parents are more likely to have aggressive children, this is not necessarily evidence of parental example; it may also be that aggressiveness has been passed down through the genes. She also points out that correlations between parent and child personalities may result as easily from child-to-parent effects as the reverse. As part of her presentation, she also argues against Frank Sulloway's theory of the effects of birth order. The book looks to influences outside the home as the primary socializing agents of children, with peers being particularly important in personality development. Harris argues that children identify with their classmates and playmates rather than their parents and other adults, and that personality is formed both through efforts to fit in with the group or to compete with specific others.

No Two Alike
No Two Alike: Human Nature and Human Individuality, was published in February 2006. Harris attempts to explain why people are so different in personality, even identical twins who grow up in the same home.

She proposes that three distinct systems shape personality:
 * A relationship system allows us to distinguish family from strangers and tell individuals apart.
 * A socialization system helps us to become members of a group and absorb the group's culture.
 * A status system enables us to acquire self-knowledge by measuring ourselves against others.

No Two Alike expands on some of the ideas from The Nurture Assumption and attempts to answer some of the criticisms leveled at the former book. For example, Harris denies that the message of 'The Nurture Assumption' is that "Parents are not important." Instead, she emphasizes that their importance lies, not in shaping or determining the people their children will become, but in determining to a large extent the quality of their children's first important relationships (i.e., with their parents) and the quality of life within the home. Harris claims that a happy home life in itself is a positive good—not because it necessarily will determine a happy adulthood.

Selected publications

 * Harris, J. R., & Liebert, R. M. (1984, 1987, 1991). The Child: Development from Birth through Adolescence. Prentice Hall, ISBN 978-0-13-131046-9
 * Harris, J. R., Shaw, M. L., & Altom, M. J. (1985). "Serial position curves for reaction time and accuracy in visual search: Tests of a model of overlapping processing." Perception & Psychophysics, 38, 178–187.
 * Harris, J. R. (1995). "Where is the child's environment? A group socialization theory of development". Psychological Review, 102, 458–489.
 * Harris, J. R. (1998). The nurture assumption: Why children turn out the way they do. Free Press, ISBN 978-0-684-84409-1.
 * Harris, J. R. (2000). Socialization, personality development, and the child's environments. Developmental Psychology, 36, 699–710.
 * Harris, J. R. (2000). "Context-specific learning, personality, and birth order". Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 174–177.
 * Harris, J. R. (2002, January 17). "Why do people believe that birth order has important effects on personality?" The Nurture Assumption Web Site. Retrieved 2007-08-27
 * Harris, J. R. (2006). No Two Alike: Human Nature and Human Individuality. W.W. Norton, ISBN 978-0-393-05948-9

Personal life
She married Charles S. Harris in 1961; they had two daughters (one adopted) and four grandchildren. Since 1977 Harris had suffered from a chronic autoimmune disorder, diagnosed as a combination of lupus and systemic sclerosis. Her friend and colleague, cognitive scientist Steven Pinker, reported her Dec. 29 death via Twitter on December 30, 2018.

title: Judith Rich Harris


text:
User:Cburnett/image sig

This picture/image was taken/created by me. See my User:Cburnett page for attribution or for other licenses.

title: User:Cburnett/image sig


text:
Category:Anti-competitive practices

Articles relating to anti-competitive practices, business or government practices that prevent or reduce competition in a market. Anti-trust laws differ among state and federal laws to ensure businesses do not engage in competitive practices that harm other, usually smaller, businesses or consumers. These laws are formed to promote healthy competition within a free market by limiting the abuse of monopoly power.

title: Category:Anti-competitive practices


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Brokaw

Brokaw is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Ann Clare Brokaw (1924–1944), the only child of Clare Boothe Luce and George Tuttle Brokaw
 * Charles Brokaw, author of the Thomas Lourds book series
 * Chris Brokaw (born 1964), American musician, mostly known for his work with the bands Come and Codeine
 * Gary Brokaw (born 1954), retired American basketball player and a basketball coach
 * George Tuttle Brokaw (1879–1935), American lawyer and sportsman
 * Isaac Brokaw (1746–1826), New Jersey clockmaker
 * Isaac Vail Brokaw (1835–1913), New York City clothing merchant
 * Irving Brokaw (1871–1939), American figure skater, artist, lawyer, and financier
 * Mark Brokaw, American stage director
 * Norman Brokaw (1927–2016), American talent agent
 * Paul Brokaw, expert on integrated circuit design
 * Tom Brokaw (born 1940), American television journalist and author notable for hosting NBC Nightly News

title: Brokaw


text:
Adminius

Adminius, Amminius or Amminus was a son of Cunobelinus, ruler of the Catuvellauni, a tribe of Iron Age Britain. His name can be interpreted as Brittonic *Ad-minios, "he who is very tender".

Based on coin distribution, where his name appears as Amminus it appears that, in the early to mid 1st century, he was ruler of the Cantiaci of eastern Kent, a kingdom which presumably fell within his father's sphere of influence. Suetonius tells us he was deposed and exiled by his father c. 39 or 40. Cunobelinus had maintained friendly relations with the Roman Empire, and it has been speculated that the elderly king had lost control to an anti-Roman faction led by his other sons, Togodumnus and Caratacus, who may have been instrumental in forcing Adminius out of power. Alternatively, his fall may have been the result of a revolt of the Cantiaci against Catuvellaunian rule. Adminius fled to continental Europe with a small group of followers and surrendered to the Romans. The emperor at the time, Caligula, presented this relatively minor event as a great victory over the foreign tribes of Britain and even penned an extravagant report which he insisted be read to the Roman senate.

Adminius / Amminus may have persuaded Caligula that Britain was vulnerable to attack and that an invasion would be an even more famous victory for him. It is further likely that the capture of the British prince was the germ of Caligula's initiative to launch an invasion of Britain. The invasion never happened, either because of Caligula's famous eccentricity, which Roman historians record led him to order his army to collect seashells from Gaulish beaches as war trophies, or because of a mutiny in the invasion force assembled at Boulogne.

In any case, Rome's refusal to return the fugitive Adminius to his father was one of the contributory factors to growing anti-Roman sentiment in Britain, which necessitated Claudius' successful invasion of that land in 43.

An inscription found in Chichester names a "Lucullus, son of Amminus". Dr. Miles Russell of Bournemouth University argues that Sallustius Lucullus, Roman governor of Britain in the late 1st century (and who is also cited from an inscription found in Chichester), was therefore a son of this prince.

title: Adminius


text:
Tupholme

Tupholme is a village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 11 mi east from Lincoln, and is the site of the ruined Tupholme Abbey on the road between Horncastle and Bardney. The population is included in the civil parish of Bucknall.

The Abbey, founded before 1190 by Gilbert and Alan de Neville, was the home of Premonstratensian white canons, numbering around 24 in the 15th century. The ruins chiefly consist of parts of the Early English wall of the refectory with lancet windows, and a reader's pulpit with trefoiled arches.

The site of the abbey was granted to Sir Thomas Heneage of Hainton. Sir Thomas built a grand house, based on the monastic buildings, for his daughter Elizabeth and her husband William Willoughby, 1st Baron Willoughby of Parham. This mansion passed through the Willoughby family until it was sold in 1661 to the Vyner family. Around 1700 the Vyners demolished the Tudor mansion and built a new hall (Tupholme Hall, demolished 1976) nearby. They retained one wall of the medieval abbey/house as an eye-catching ornament in their surrounding parkland.

The notorious slave-owner Thomas Thistlewood was born in Tupholme.

The site held a Folk Festival in 1970 and 1971, and in 1972 a Rock Festival with Rod Stewart and The Beach Boys.

title: Tupholme


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/S.S. Aqua

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was ambiguous.

Several people voted "merge and redirect" but gave no indication where this should or could redirect to. The best recommendation was to move it to the Wikibooks section for Pokemon but apparently that's not an option yet. Had I seen this earlier, I would have voted to consider this an unexpandable stub (by which I mean that the only possible expansions would have broken the rule that "Wikipedia is not a gameguide"). I am going to exercise my discretion and delete this for now. If someone can determine an appropriate redirect, please do so. If you need help restoring it in order to move it to Wikibooks when that's ready, please contact me. Rossami (talk) 08:51, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)

S.S. Aqua
Are oceanliners from Pokémon-related video games inherently noteworthy and encyclopedic? If not, what makes this one in particular notable and worthy of inclusion on Wikipedia? GRider\talk 19:41, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay. There have been a number of very short and seemingly trivial Pokarticles on the VfD list lately. Would you think it a good idea to set up a 'grouped discussion' on all of them, similar to those on Maltese nobility and Local politicians?
 * Merge or keep "fancruft". 22:22, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect with the Pokemon article for the games where it appears (please tell me that there's one article for Pokemon Gold/Silver/Crystal and not three...) -- Antaeus Feldspar 00:25, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * There are two: Pokémon Gold and Silver and Pokémon Crystal. If redirects are cheap, does this article merit a redirection?  Or would a merge and delete be sufficient?  GRider\talk 00:33, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, pokemon fancruft. Megan1967 01:34, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment, most of the stuff here would be good material for Pokémon (that's why the wikibook was created in the first place - the wikibooks is first and foremost a game guide and only a game guide). Again, as the guy in charge of Pokémon, the guide isn't ready for it yet.  Anything that looks remotely game-guidey could be moved over and somehow integrated... kelvSYC 18:18, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * ... as of this stuff, delete. It's not of too much importance being here. kelvSYC 19:20, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Recycling Troll 09:54, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Leigh, Worcestershire

Leigh is a village and civil parish (with a parish council shared with Bransford) in the Malvern Hills district of the county of Worcestershire, England.

With just a few hundred inhabitants the parish lies on the A4103, the main Worcester to Hereford road, about 5 miles out of Worcester, whilst Malvern is also about 5 miles away. The parish includes Leigh, Brockamin, Leigh Sinton, Sandlin & Smith End Green. The local pronunciation is that the name rhymes with "lie".

Due largely to the significant reduction of the hop industry in the area, Leigh, like many local villages, declined in the late 20th century; it lost its pub, its police station and its railway station (with the closure of the Bromyard branch line in the 1960s).

History
Leigh's Norman church (St. Edburga's) was built in 1100 by Benedictine monks from Pershore Abbey. It is listed by English heritage as a Grade I listed building.

Leigh Court Barn is the largest and one of the oldest cruck framed barns in Britain.

A mile to the south at Castle Green are the earthwork and buried remains of a medieval motte and bailey castle.

Enclosures of common lands caused riots at Leigh in 1778, where anti-enclosure rioters attacked the physical enclosure:

"with their faces blackened and being otherwise disguised, and armed with guns and other offensive weapons; … in the most daring manner did cut down, burn, and entirely destroy all the posts, gates and rails."

Following the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 Leigh Parish ceased to be responsible for maintaining the poor in its parish. This responsibility was transferred to Martley Poor Law Union.

The area is reputedly haunted by the ghost of a robber named Edmund Colles, who is said to appear in a coach drawn by four fire-breathing horses.

title: Leigh, Worcestershire


text:
Talk:Mike Harcourt

Untitled
I find it oddly political that the pages on Mike Harcourt and Glen Clark state them by their proper names, but Gordon Campbell's is referred to as "the Honourable Gordon Campbell"

Then again, BC politics has always been cut throat in all aspects

 * If you look up Canadian usage for "The Honourable", you'll find that you're only entitled to use it while in office. I assume that Campbell's title will be updated when he is no longer in office. --Westendgirl 07:40, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Why is there no mention of the specific scandals which plagued Mr. Harcourt and his successor? Details should be included.

I'd love to include a picture of Mr. Harcourt, but the self-appointed copyright nazis keep deleting the free images from BC politics articles. They delete and ask questions later. WikiMart 22:20, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Mr Motorist decided to add a long-winded rant about how Mike Harcourt destroyed Vancouver by opposing the highway in downtown during the 1960s. I have removed his addition for flagrant breaches of neutrality and for completely mis-representing the tone and content of the article that he was citing: http://www.hcn.org/issues/46.1/mary-lee-and-the-butterfly-effect. -- Yrjana 08:30, 21 January, 2015 (PST).

External links modified
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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Mike Harcourt. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090321164802/http://www.ctv.ca:80/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1100881449694_96290649 to http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1100881449694_96290649

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:29, 19 February 2023 (UTC)
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title: Talk:Mike Harcourt


text:
Georges Cottier

Georges Marie Martin Cottier O.P., (25 April 1922 – 31 March 2016) was a Swiss prelate and theologian of the Catholic Church who served from 1990 to 2005 as theologian to Pope John Paul II as Theologian of the Pontifical Household after a career as a theologian and teacher. He was made a cardinal in 2003.

Biography
Cottier was born in Carouge, Switzerland, on 25 April 1922 and took his vows as a member of the Dominican Order on 4 July 1946. Cottier studied theology and philosophy at the Pontificium Athenaeum Internationale Angelicum, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, until 1952 obtaining a baccalaureate in philosophy and a licentiate in theology. While there he was ordained a priest on 2 July 1951.

He was a professor at the Universities of Geneva and Fribourg. He became a member of the International Theological Commission in 1986 and its secretary in 1989, a post he held until 2003. He was appointed Theologian of the Pontifical Household in 1990.

As papal theologian, he participated in the development of works authored by the pope, either drafting, researching, or editing. In 2004, Cottier told an interviewer: "Going back to the early years, the first “big” text I worked on was the social encyclical Centesimus annus. And then the Ut unum sint on ecumenicalism, the moral encyclical Veritatis splendor, and the Fides et ratio... also the Catechism of the Catholic Church."

He was appointed titular archbishop of Tullia in 2003 and received his episcopal consecration on 20 October 2003 to meet the requirement that only bishops be cardinals. The next day, 21 October, Pope John Paul II made him Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Domenico e Sisto.

His service as papal theologian ended on 1 December 2005.

After ten years, he exercised his option to become a member of the order of cardinal priests, to which Pope Francis gave his consent on 12 June 2014.

Cottier died on 31 March 2016. His funeral was celebrated in St. Peter's Basilica by Pope Francis on 1 April 2016.

Views
In the run-up to President Barack Obama's 10 July 2009 meeting with Pope Benedict XVI, Cottier praised Obama's “humble realism” in recognizing that the president's "words move in the direction of reducing the evil [of abortion]," and in this manner might align to the thinking of St. Thomas Aquinas and early Christian tradition in terms of framing laws in a pluralistic society.

Cottier reacted to John Paul II's encyclical Ecclesia de Eucharistia by saying that the Catholic Church rejects the concept of open communion. Cottier defended the Church's view that the embryo is fully a human being.

He came out in defense of Pope Pius XII against those who continue to criticize his legacy.

Cottier was critical of anonymous Christianity, saying that a theological system that absorbs all realities into Christ ends by turning Christ into a kind of metaphysical postulate of the affirmation of human values, which makes the Church incapable of engaging in serious dialogue, even on the level of human rights. Then, saying that everybody is already of Christ, whether they know it or not, can make the mission futile.

Cottier said that the use of condoms may be morally licit in the context of fighting AIDS.

title: Georges Cottier


text:
1990 in games

This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 1990. For video games, see 1990 in video gaming.

Games released or invented in 1990
• Ancients

• Battlelords of the 23rd Century (role-playing game)

• Careers for Girls

• Carrier

• Cyberpunk 2020 (role-playing game)

• De Bellis Antiquitatis

• Eurorails

• GURPS Cyberpunk (role-playing supplement)

• Hoity Toity

• Nightlife (role-playing game)

• Republic of Rome

• Rifts (role-playing game)

• Space Crusade

• Timelords 2nd Edition (role-playing game)

• Torg (role-playing game)

Game awards given in 1990

 * Spiel des Jahres: Adel Verpflichtet (English name Hoity Toity)
 * Deutscher Spiele Preis: Adel Verpflichtet

Significant games-related events in 1990

 * GMT Games founded.
 * Wizards of the Coast founded in Renton, Washington.

title: 1990 in games


text:
Baksheesh

Baksheesh (from bakhshesh ) is tipping, charitable giving, and certain forms of political corruption and bribery in the Middle East and South Asia.

Etymology and usage
Baksheesh comes from the Persian word بخشش (bakhshesh), which originated from the Middle Persian language.

The word had also moved to other cultures and countries. In the Albanian, Arabic, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Indian, Macedonian, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, and Turkish languages, bakshish or бакшиш means "tip" in the conventional western sense. In Greek, μπαξίσι (baksisi) can mean a gift in general. In German and French, Bakschisch is a small bribe (in Romanian as well, depending on the context; usually employed as a euphemism to șpagă, which means outright bribe). In Maltese, the word buqxiex refers to a very small payment.

Types

 * Charity to beggars: In Pakistan, beggars solicit alms by crying "baksheesh, baba!".
 * Tipping: This does not correlate with the European system of tipping, as it also includes demonstrations of gratitude, respect, or veneration. An offering to the gods may be considered baksheesh. A faqir may also ask for baksheesh, but no thought is in his mind that he is begging. In fact, in Pakistan and the Muslim world, the giver of alms often salutes the beggar for having been given the opportunity to gain merit. In Egypt, baksheesh is often requested on top of fares to taxi drivers, and as service charges to waiters, doormen, shopkeepers, garage attendants, and many others employed in service-sector jobs.
 * Outright bribery: In countries with endemic corruption, for instance, a member of the police force, a migration or customs officer, or any other type of government official may be swayed from legitimately or illegitimately arresting, issuing a fine, or imposing a tax on someone by a suitable payment of baksheesh which would constitute a bribe, whether it was offered to the official or requested by the official.

In literature
When American mythologist Joseph Campbell travelled on his maiden visit to India in 1954, he encountered pervasive begging which he called the "Baksheesh Complex".

Mark Twain, after riding through the Biblical town of Magdala in 1867, makes note of his encounter with beggars and the term bucksheesh in his published work The Innocents Abroad: "They hung to the horses' tails, clung to their manes and the stirrups, closed in on every side in scorn of dangerous hoofs—and out of their infidel throats, with one accord, burst an agonizing and most infernal chorus: Howajji, bucksheesh! howajji, bucksheesh! howajji, bucksheesh! bucksheesh! bucksheesh! I never was in a storm like that before."

Leo Deuel, a writer on archaeology, sardonically described baksheesh as "lavish remuneration and bribes, rudely demanded but ever so graciously accepted by the natives in return for little or no services rendered".

title: Baksheesh


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/J/Boats

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 16:03, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

J/Boats
Another 'stale speedy'-clearing nomination (been there almost two days, now). Based on info at their About us page, may be notable, but the current orphan, dead-end sub-stub is virtually worthless. No vote. Changing vote to delete unless someone can make a strong case to fix/keep--current content is useless. Niteowlneils 19:51, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete Brookie 13:48, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unless some notability can be retrieved from somewhere, it's pointless.  Why not just document all businesses in Rhode Island? :) —Neuropedia 23:08, 2005 Feb 27 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/J/Boats


text: User talk:4.63.195.161

title: User talk:4.63.195.161