text:
GEOS (eikaiwa)

GEOS (株式会社ジオス) was one of the Big Four private eikaiwa, or English conversation teaching companies, in Japan. Its extensive network of overseas schools made it the world's largest language school chain. The firm went into bankruptcy in Japan on April 20, 2010. Its headquarters were in the Shin Osaki Kangyo Building (新大崎勧業ビルディング) in Shinagawa, Tokyo.

GEOS (eikaiwa), which stands for Global Education Opportunities and Services, was formed in 1973 by Tsuneo Kusunoki. The first school was based in Tokushima City, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, also the location of one of the company's main registered offices.

The GEOS eikaiwa group also ran children-only schools called "Kodomo Schools" (子供校) throughout Japan. The adult GEOS eikaiwa schools had themselves taken on more classes for children. As of February 2007, GEOS had a total of around 500 "Kodomo" and adult schools in Japan and over 55 schools outside Japan.

The main language the school taught was English. Other languages included French, Spanish, Italian, German, Chinese and Korean. The school also taught Japanese to foreigners living in Japan at their Kudan Japanese Culture, Research Center and Language Institute in Kudanshita, Tokyo. The school used a one-teacher system it calls "Tanninsei" where students keep the same teacher for an extended period of time and advertised this system as having benefits of promoting continuity and strong teacher-student relationship.

The GEOS Eikaiwa Corporation filed for bankruptcy on April 21, 2010; 99 schools were closed and the remaining 230 were sold to G.Communication, which is also the "sponsor" of Nova. On October 1, 2010, the schools were resold to Inayoshi Capital.

The GEOS Eikaiwa Group has subsequently ceased trading. After a successful purchase in 2011 the German-based Sprachcaffe Languages Plus currently operates 11 of the former GEOS eikaiwa schools under the GEOS brand.

History
In 1973, roommates Kiyoshi Aki and Tsuneo Kusunoki founded the company AMVIC, an acronym of the phrase, "AMbition and VICtory". The company would focus on foreign language studies.

Later, AMVIC International split into two divisions. Aki became the head of AMVIC Gaigogakuin (AMVIC外語学院), which provided foreign language training for students. Kusunoki would assume control of the AMVIC Eikaiwa (AMVIC英会話), which specialized in English language education for non-native speakers. In 1989, Kusunoki's branch of AMVIC International entered negotiations with Warner Pacific College to assume control of 49% of its physical plant for $6 million, a 30-year lease on the schools facilities and a seat as a regent of the school.

International
International expansion began in Vancouver in 1987, and New York, Brighton (UK) in 1989 and Montreal, San Francisco in 1997, Ottawa and Halifax in 1998 (though the Halifax school later closed in 2001). In 2001, GEOS Eikaiwa created a network of international support offices, starting with GEOS International Korea and followed by offices in Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, Brazil, Hong Kong, Mexico and the Czech Republic. On July 6, 2007, The Japan Times reported that GEOS Eikaiwa would open a school for 150 students in St. Petersburg, Russia as part of a recent expansion into the Russian market by Japanese companies including Toyota and Nissan. Kusunoki, CEO, said the company had "high growth potential in Russia", and that GEOS Eikaiwa would be "targeting business people, aspiring athletes and artists, including aspirants in figure skating, ballet and music".

Closure of Australian schools
On January 29, 2010, the eight Australian GEOS Eikaiwa branches suspended operations, with the nine companies responsible for the schools forced into voluntary administration. On February 1, 2010, Ernst & Young closed all eight GEOS Eikaiwa schools in Australia permanently, citing insufficient finances to continue carrying out business in Australia. Despite a request to GEOS Eikaiwa Japan for funding, it was not forthcoming, leaving 2300 students without the courses they had paid for and 390 employees without jobs or payouts. In their Report to Creditors of GEOS Melbourne Pty Ltd, dated February 23, 2010, Ernst & Young stated that the school had been operating profitably but "in the 18 months prior to closure, approximately $1.36 million was made available for the purpose of transfer from GEOS Australia Holdings to GEOS Corporation (Japan) or other GEOS entities.

Bankruptcy
On April 21, 2010, GEOS Eikaiwa Corporation filed for bankruptcy with the Tokyo District Court with an outstanding debt of about 7.5 billion yen. 99 schools closed, and 230 schools were handed over to G.Communication, which is also the "sponsor" of Nova.

Around 36,800 students were studying at GEOS Eikaiwa schools at the time of the collapse, around 7,800 of these were studying at schools designated for closure. The GEOS Eikaiwa schools in New Zealand were taken over by previous employees.

Future of the brand
While the company GEOS Eikaiwa now ceases to exist, the 11 GEOS schools currently operating in the United States and Canada were successfully purchased by the German-based language travel operator Sprachcaffe Languages Plus in 2011. These schools are now operated under the 'GEOS Languages Plus' brand but are also marketed under the Sprachcaffe brand in Europe. Sprachcaffe Languages Plus is continuing to expand its operations outside of Europe, however not currently under the GEOS brand.

title: GEOS (eikaiwa)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Ringed-Billed-Gull

Ringed-Billed-Gull
Ringed-Billed Gull. Bruce Park, Greenwich, Connecticut. January 2005
 * Self-Nominate and support. - Alight 02:34, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, it's in black and white. Surely some readers would want to use the pic for identification so what use would a BW pic be? Doesn't seem right to feature a bird pic in black and white. - Adrian Pingstone 10:35, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you opposing it simply because you claim it can't be used for identification because it's black & white? If so, you are incorrect. Please tell me, what other species of gull might you confuse this with? What "hidden" features of the gull would be visible if the picture were to be in color?
 * The hidden features that would be visible are its colours! By the way, please sign your contribution - Adrian Pingstone 14:37, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * That's not quite what I mean. What I'm trying to say, is that for this particular bird, all of the features that are required for identification are clearly visible, even in b&w. This is the case, even if I didn't indicate that the photo was taken in the eastern U.S., but given that I did it pretty much nails the identification. Alight 19:22, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I do not feel this picture is "beautiful, striking, shocking, impressive, titillating, fascinating, or in short just brilliant" -- AllyUnion (talk) 09:49, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Not particularly striking, and I agree that it should be in color for the articles it's probably going to be used for. Junes 15:44, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, color would have been nicer, and as far as bird pictures go, it is nice but not particular special. -- Chris 73 Talk 13:55, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. These days, there needs to be a good reason for B&W. This is not one of them. Denni ☯ 01:12, 2005 Feb 8 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The fact that it's b&w is not a problem for me. it's just that there's nothing really special about it. Enochlau 23:43, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose Colour would have been nicer -- Longhair 20:42, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Not promoted +1/-7 BrokenSegue 20:15, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Ballina, New South Wales

Town name
Ballina, according to all reports I've ever seen, was named after an Aboriginal word, bullinah (or something close to it) and was changed to Ballina. Its resemblance to the Irish town is a coincidence. I'll research this one and make any changes accordingly. Peter1968 02:36, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

User:203.221.62.84 added this sentence to the "Name" section of the article: "In late 2005, a petition for changing the name to the Germanic name of Bromberg was only just defeated." Sounds unlikely to me. Does anyone have a source to support it? Blarneytherinosaur talk 04:39, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

The Irish town is pronounced more like balin-ah (with a pause bewteen balin and ah). This and the fact that there is no aboriginal written language makes this statement make absotetly no sense "according to all reports I've ever seen, was named after an Aboriginal word, bullinah". IAmCylon (talk) 23:13, 31 May 2009 (UTC)

"Goolmangar, the water gum tree; boi boi gar (the true name for Rosebank), meaning apple tree; Gerrangi (the true name for Bexhill) meaning red gum tree. Coondoorimba now Gundurimbah was the aboriginal name for a man with a palsy or crossed eyes, so evidently a man with one of these inflictions resided in that locality. Bulloona, now known as Ballina, meant the outlet of a river." http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/72145215?searchTerm=THE%20BATTLE%20OF%20LISMORE.%20A%20TRUE%20STORY%20OF%20THE%20DAYS%20OF%20THE%20DARKIE.&searchLimits=l-state=New+South+Wales|||l-title=81|||sortby=dateAsc National library of Australia scan of The Northern Star, Tuesday 13 October 1914, Page 4 from the memories of a long term resident of the region. Seasalt (talk) 14:19, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

Prawn greeting
I've just removed this quote from the article "and a common greeting in ballina is "hail the prawn" this can be very confusing for turists . " An amusing piece of vandalism (unless of course there is a source!). Blarneytherinosaur talk 12:02, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Whaling
I assume this is the place referenced by Harry Robertson in The Ballina Whalers? Does Ballina have a history as a whaling station? Bastie 23:33, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * That could be right. There was a bit of whaling about in the early days of Australia (more so New Zeland), and I don't know of anywhere else called Ballina. Blarneytherinosaur talk 01:09, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Ballina Bypass
The Ballina bypass is expected to be completed in 2012 or so because of the very swampy land around the proposed alignment of the bypass. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 58.168.57.62 (talk) 04:19, 11 May 2007 (UTC).

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Ballina, New South Wales. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090924233903/http://www.cbonline.org.au/index.cfm?pageId=13,12,6,3204 to http://www.cbonline.org.au/index.cfm?pageId=13,12,6,3204

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title: Talk:Ballina, New South Wales


text: Category:Musical performance techniques

title: Category:Musical performance techniques


text:
Category talk:Musical performance techniques

Shouldn't this be "musical performance techniques"? Otherwise, as a category name in isolation, it could just as well apply, for example, to method acting. -- Jmabel | Talk 01:15, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, according to Categorization. Hyacinth 02:34, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Jeff Rense

Jeffry Shearer Rense is an American radio talk-show host. His show, the Jeff Rense Program, was broadcast via satellite radio and is now released through his personal website.

Rense's radio program and website propagate conspiracy theories, including those of 9/11 conspiracists, ufologists and advocates of the paranormal, the creation of diseases, chemtrails, evidence of advanced ancient technology, emergent energy technologies, and alternative medicine.

Rense's writings and website have been deemed pro-Nazi and antisemitic by the Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center.

Radio host
Rense's first on-air experience came while he was a student at University of California, Santa Barbara in the 1970s.

In 1994, Rense self-financed a radio show on Santa Barbara's KTMS. The show was originally broadcast as Sightings on the Radio, the title being a direct reference to the television series Sightings. The show was originally distributed by Premiere Radio Networks but was dropped in the late 1990s after it was deemed hate speech and banned in Europe. Talk Radio Network then carried the show through the early 2000s, when all references to Sightings were dropped and the title Jeff Rense Program was adopted.

Genesis Communications Network took over distribution and carried the show through August 2009, when Rense accused fellow GCN host Alex Jones of threatening to "destroy" him. Jeff Rense Program is now streamed through Rense's personal website.

Guests on the show have included former Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney, host of The Political Cesspool James Edwards, Brad Steiger, British conspiracy theorist David Icke, Texe Marrs, and David Duke.

Criticism of anti-Semitic content
The Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center have stated that Rense disseminates antisemitic and pro-Nazi speech while promoting people with similar ideologies.

title: Jeff Rense


text:
User:Torqueing

This user doesn't care about boxes or barnstars and just fixes, tidies and completes with as little fuss as possible.

This user is fed up of the complete bureaucratic mess that Wikipedia has become and the small-minded people that are attracted to the bureaucracy

title: User:Torqueing


text:
Syrinx (Debussy)

Syrinx, L. 129, is a piece of music for solo flute which Claude Debussy wrote in 1913. It generally takes three minutes or less to perform. It was the first significant piece for solo flute after the Sonata in A minor composed by C. P. E. Bach over 150 years before (1747 ), and it is the first such solo composition for the modern Böhm flute, developed in 1847.

Syrinx is commonly considered to be an indispensable part of any flutist's repertoire. Many musical historians believe that "Syrinx", which gives the performer generous room for interpretation and emotion, played a pivotal role in the development of solo flute music in the early twentieth century. Some say Syrinx was originally written by Debussy without barlines or breath marks. The flutist Marcel Moyse may have later added these, and most publishers publish Moyse's edition.

The piece is commonly performed off stage, as it is thought when Debussy dedicated the piece to the flutist Louis Fleury, it was for him to play during the interval of one of Debussy's ballets.

Syrinx was written as part of incidental music to the play Psyché by Gabriel Mourey, and was originally called "Flûte de Pan". It was given its final name in reference to the myth of the amorous pursuit of the nymph Syrinx by the god Pan, in which Pan falls in love with Syrinx. Syrinx, however, does not return the love to Pan; she turns herself into a water reed and hides in the marshes. Pan cuts the reeds to make his pipes, in turn killing his love.

Syrinx has also been transposed and performed on the saxophone and other instruments. It quickly became a piece of standard literature for the saxophone, and has been recorded on both the alto and soprano saxophones. It is also a track on Caprice by the trumpeter Alison Balsom.

title: Syrinx (Debussy)


text:
Battle of Fort Ridgely

The Battle of Fort Ridgely was an early battle in the Dakota War of 1862. As the closest U.S. military post to the Lower Sioux Agency, the lightly fortified Fort Ridgely quickly became both a destination for refugees and a target of Dakota warbands after the attack at the Lower Sioux Agency. It came under attack by the Dakota on August 20, 1862, two days after a company of soldiers responding from the fort to the attack on the Lower Sioux Agency had been ambushed and defeated at the Battle of Redwood Ferry. The Dakota besieged and partially destroyed the fort, but were unable to storm it before the August 27 arrival of Colonel Henry Sibley with 1,400 men from Fort Snelling prompted them to retreat.

Background
Built between 1853–1855 in the southern part of what was then the territory of Minnesota, Fort Ridgely was the only military post between the Dakota Reservation and the settlers of central Minnesota. As of August 18, 1862, the fort was garrisoned by 76 men and two officers of Company B of the 5th Minnesota Infantry Regiment, under the command of Captain John S. Marsh, who had fought in the Civil War in the First Battle of Bull Run. The fort had no stockade, trenches, or other fortifications.

On August 18, 1862, the Lower Sioux Agency in Renville County, Minnesota, was attacked by Dakota men. They had come to the Agency to barter for the food that had been withheld from them and starvation had set in. The primary Indian Agent was against it, but the other men persuaded him to give the Dakota a small amount of porkback and flour. The Agent then added that the food would only be delivered to the reservation in the morning and only if the Dakota returned to the reservation immediately. Until that point, the well-armed Dakota men had stood by peacefully in the hot August temperatures. The greatly out-numbered 67 white men gathered there became uncomfortable with the stipulation and began to form small groups to head back to their homes.

Fighting broke out as some of the Dakota men pursued the departing whites, while the rest surrounded those holed up in Agency buildings. Within a few hours 20 white settlers had been killed and 10 captured. Some white settlers escaped, heading for Fort Ridgely, while the majority tried to race for their homes and families. The men heading for their homes made plans to assemble in the morning to try to reach the fort.

Mr. J.C. Dickinson, who seems to have been the first to escape, took his family in a wagon to Fort Ridgely, where nobody believed that there had been an attack. More settlers arrived, convincing Captain Marsh that the Agency had been attacked. Marsh ordered Drummer Charles M. Culver, a twelve-year-old (who would die in 1943, at 93, as Company B's last survivor) to beat the long-roll. About 74 men fell in, amongst who were Captain Marsh, Second Lieutenant Thomas P. Gere, about 4 sergeants, 7 corporals, and about 62 privates. Marsh chose 46 men, along with Dakota Interpreter Peter Quinn, to set out for the Agency. The soldiers passed burning buildings and numerous fresh corpses of men, women, and children on their way.

At Redwood Ferry Marsh's party was ambushed by the Dakota under White Dog. Quinn, the interpreter, was one of the first killed, along with about 10 of the soldiers. By late afternoon, Capt. Marsh had only eleven men left in his command, with twenty-four having been killed. Marsh decided to head back to the fort and tried to take the men across the Minnesota River. Marsh was a strong swimmer, but he was seized by a cramp and would drown, despite the efforts of three of his men to save him. Sergeant John F. Bishop, the ranking officer, did order Privates John Brennan, James Dunn, and Stephen Van Buren to swim for Marsh. Brennan reached him first, and Marsh grabbed Brennan's shoulder but fell off. Marsh drowned and the men saw his body float by in the river. He was about 28 when he died. Sergeant Bishop led the remaining eleven back to the fort, arriving shortly before midnight.

The defeat of Marsh and B Company, combined with Sheehan's departure, had left Fort Ridgely severely undermanned, and it had no fortifications. Little Crow held a war council outside Fort Ridgely but chose to attack New Ulm on August 19 instead, giving time for reinforcements to reach the fort. Oscar Wall ascribes this miscalculation to dissension among the Dakota and their mistaken belief that the fort held more than 100 trained soldiers.

Before Marsh left, he had sent word to Lt. Sheehan, who left Fort Ridgely on August 17, to return with the 50 men of Company C, Fifth Minnesota. Sheehan arrived at the fort on August 18. Upon Bishop's report of the ambush at Redwood Ferry after arrival at the fort that night, Bishop and Sheehan sent a Private William J. Sturgis to ride through the night and spread the warning of the uprising, including to Minnesota Governor Alexander Ramsey about the uprising. Sturgis rode through the night, covering the 125 miles in eighteen hours. Lt. Norman K. Culver, Company B, and others responded to Sturgis's plea by recruiting volunteers in St. Paul, who arrived at Fort Ridgely with the "Renville Rangers" as reinforcements on the evening August 19. There were about 50 white men under First Lieutenant James Gorman, men who were going to muster into Civil War Service, but went instead to Fort Ridgely with a Harper rifle and three rounds of ammunition each. Altogether, about 70 Minnesota citizens volunteered. About 10 of them were women and others were related to soldiers. Company B membership rose from about 65 to over 200. Some notables include Sutler B.H. Randall, Ordnance Sergeant John Jones, Dr. Alfred Muller, and Major E.A.C. Hatch, an experienced cavalry man who would one day lead Hatch's Battalion, Minnesota Volunteer Cavalry.

By the morning of August 20 the number of civilian refugees sheltering at the small fort had surpassed 300.

Battle
At 1 o'clock in the afternoon of August 20, Little Crow rode out alone into the open beyond the picket line west of the fort, close enough to be recognized but just out of musket range. After Sergeant Bishop offered to meet him at the picket line rather than rushing out in an attempt to capture him, the diversion was revealed as shots rang out from the wooded ravine near the northeast corner of the fort. Little Crow's force of 400 Dakota was only prevented from reaching the fort by Lieutenant Gere's decision to move his howitzer into the open northwest of the building while under fire from the Dakota and clear the field north of the fort with canister shot.

Unable to reach the fort from the northeast and overwhelm its outnumbered defenders in hand-to-hand combat, the Dakota offensive gradually spread around the fort until Little Crow attempted to enter the fort en masse from an advantageous position to its southwest. Sergeant Jones, supported by Lieutenants Culver and Gorman and the Renville Rangers, held the Dakota at bay with his six-pound field gun. The battle continued until nightfall, but the Dakota were unable to take the fort.

On August 20, 1st Lt. Timothy J. Sheehan, C Company, commanded Fort Ridgely. Captain Marsh had been the post commander until he died at the Battle of Redwood Ferry two days before. 1st Lt. Culver, B Company, was quartermaster-commissary. Eight men were wounded or assigned hospital duty. The first shots killed Private Mark. M. Greer, Co. C, and wounded Corporal William Good, Co. B. Good had a head wound and was declared dead. Actually, he managed to live and was discharged for disability in October. Sergeant Bishop commanded the pickets. Several soldiers were wounded. Private William H. Blodgett, Company B, was wounded in the spinal column but continued to fight. By the end of the battle three soldiers were killed and another 13 wounded.

The next day it rained, so the men and women worked at preparing the fort and strengthen the defenses. Ordnance Sergeant Jones had three six-pound cannons, two twelve pounders, and one twenty-four pound gun positioned. The 24-pounder was his while Sgts. James G. McGrew and Bishop commanded the twelve pounders. For miles around the settlers had been trying to evade and escape for two days. Bodies and burning homes dotted the landscapes. The Dakota had ransacked everything looking for food and goods. Some women and children had been kidnapped, but for the most part, the settlers were killed instead of captured. One account, a narrative of Justina Kreiger tells of a group of settlers who set off on August 18 and were almost all killed, while Mrs. Kreiger did not arrive at the Fort until September 3. It took great effort to save her life as she had sustained many life-threatening injuries and was also almost starved.

On August 22 the Dakota again attacked the fort, this time with more than 800 men. The first attack came from the southwest and succeeded in capturing two outbuildings, but was repelled after McGrew intentionally shelled one to start a fire and the Dakota burned the other before retreating. Dakota attempts to set fire to the rest of the fort with flaming arrows failed, as the shingles were still damp from the previous day's rains. Still, the larger Dakota force managed to reach the fort, and was only repulsed after Jones fired canister shot at them from close range after Little Crow gave the order for his men to club their guns and rush the fort. Nearly out of ammunition, the garrison resorted to firing 3/4" sections of iron bars from the blacksmith shop that had been cut to size under the direction of Mrs. Muller.

Towards evening the Dakota staged a more serious attack from the north. Lt. Sheehan was forced to order the buildings on that side to be set ablaze to stop the Indians sneaking into the Fort through them. It is recorded the buildings went up in a greenish smoke.

Fighting at the fort ceased the night of August 22 and did not resume, though the garrison at Fort Ridgeley remained inside the fort until August 27, when Colonel Henry H. Sibley arrived with 1,400 from Fort Snelling.

Aftermath
After Fort Ridgely small groups of Dakota continued to attack various settlements until September 23. An estimated 500 settlers, militia and military were killed in the uprising. Governor Ramsey placed a $25/scalp bounty on the Sioux men. President Lincoln reduced the condemned to thirty-eight. One was pardoned as it proven he was ten miles away from the deed for which he was convicted. Thirty-eight Sioux were hung December 26, 1862, in Mankato, Minnesota, the largest mass-execution in U.S. history. Another two were drugged and kidnapped in Canada and brought back to be hanged in 1864. Governor Ramsey's replacement raised the bounty to $200/scalp. The State paid $500 for Little Crow's which the State Historical Society displayed for years.

title: Battle of Fort Ridgely


text:
User:Halibutt/OOB

The Polish part uses the traditional Polish abbreviations. These are:
 * GO - Grupa Operacyjna - Operational Group
 * DP - Dywizja Piechoty - Infantry Division
 * BP - Brygada Piechoty - Infantry Brigade
 * BK / BKaw - Brygada Kawalerii - Cavalry Brigade
 * BArt - Artillery Brigade

 * pp - pułk piechoty - infantry regiment
 * puł - pułk ułanów - uhlan's regiment
 * psk - pułk strzelców konnych - mounted riflemen regiment

 * Ochotn - Ochotnicza - volunteer
 * Leg - Legionów - of the Polish Legions

Haller's Blue Army

 * 1 Dywizja Strzelców Polskich (??.??.1919 ==> Poland ==> 9.09.1919 ==> 13 Dywizja Piechoty)
 * 2 Dywizja Strzelców Polskich (19.04.1919 ==> Volhynia ==> 9.09.1919 ==> 11 Dywizja Piechoty)
 * 3 Dywizja Strzelców Polskich (11.05.1919 ==> arrived to Modlin ==> 9.09.1919 ==> divided between 11th, 12th and 13th)
 * 6 Dywizja Strzelców Polskich (??.??.1919 ==> Poland ==> 9.09.1919 ==> 12 Dywizja Piechoty)
 * 7 Dywizja Strzelców Polskich (??.??.1919 ==> Grupa gen. Bonin ==> 18 Dywizja Piechoty)
 * Dywizja Instrukcyjna (??.??.1919 ==> Grupa gen. Tranie ==>18 Dywizja Piechoty)
 * Pułk Czołgów
 * Pułk Czołgów

September 1920

 * HQ Reserves
 * 20 DP (forming, 4000 men)
 * 7 BP rez. (155,167 pp, 4263 men)
 * Siberian Brigade (1,2 pssyb; 1640 men, elite)
 * 2 BK (4,10 puł, 600 men)
 * 8 DP (6210 men)
 * 13 & 33 pp
 * 36 & 21 pp

 * 2 Armia
 * 4 Bryg. Jazdy (Nieniewski)
 * 1 DPLeg (Dąb-Biernacki)
 * 1 BPLeg (Kruszewski)
 * 3 BPLeg (Olszyna-Wilczyński)
 * 3 BArt (Kowalewski)
 * 21 DPGór (Galica)
 * 41 BP (Wróblewski)
 * 42 BP (Fara/Boruta-Spiechowicz)
 * 21 BArt (Merawiglia)
 * 19 DP (1 Lit-Biał, Rządkowski)
 * 1 BL-B (Bejnar)
 * 2 BL-B (Rybicki)
 * 1 BArtL-B (Mazurski)
 * 3 DPLeg (Berbecki)
 * 5 BP (Bończa-Uzdowski)
 * 6 BP (Wieczorkiewicz)
 * III BArt (Heinrich)
 * 17 DP (Pick)
 * 33 BP (Thiel)
 * 34 BP (Taczak)
 * 17 BArt (Szczaniecki)
 * 22 DP (Dywizja Ochotnicza, Koc)
 * 1 BPOchotn (Ścierzyński)
 * 2 BPOchotn (Kopa)

 * 3 Armia
 * 18 DP (Krajowski)
 * 35 BP (Wróblewski)
 * 36 BP (Dąbrowski)
 * 18 BArt (Rohoziński)
 * 2 DPLeg (Żymierski)
 * 2 BPLeg (Tessaro)
 * 3 BPLeg (Smorawiński)
 * 2 BArt
 * 7 DP (Szubert)
 * 13 BP (Herman)
 * 14 BP (Pogórzelski)
 * 7 BArt (Luberadzki)
 * 10 DP (Żeligowski)
 * 19 BP (Sikorski)
 * 20 BP (Latour)
 * 10 BArt (Jastrzębski)
 * GO Bułak-Bałachowicza (4 słabe pułki, Bułak-Bałachowicz)
 * (2) Dywizja Jazdy (Dreszer)
 * 8 BJ (Głogowski)
 * 9 BJ (Grzmot-Skotnicki)
 * 13 DP (Haller)
 * 25 BP (Pachucki, Szylling)
 * 26 BP (Becker)
 * 1 Dywizja Jazdy (Rómmel)
 * 6 BJ (Plisowski)
 * 7 BJ (Buczkowski)
 * 7 BJ (Buczkowski)

 * 4 Armia
 * 14 DP (Konarzewski)
 * 27 BP (Milewski)
 * 28 BP (Brezany)
 * 14 BArt (Pankowicz)
 * 15 DP (Jung)
 * 29 BP (Przeździecki)
 * 30 BP (Gałecki)
 * 15 BArt
 * 16 DP (Pomorska, Ładoś)
 * 31 BP (Mischke)
 * 32 BP (osłabiona: 65pp bez półtora batalionu, Krauss)
 * 16 BArt (b. osłabiona)
 * 11 DP (Małachowski)
 * 21 BP (-1/46pp, Łukowski)
 * 22 BP (bez dowódcy)
 * 11 BArt (Mansch)

 * 6 Armia - as of November 1st
 * D-two 6 A (6th Army HQ, 1700 men)
 * 6 DP
 * 12 & 20 pp
 * 16 & 17 pp
 * 15 puł
 * 4 DP
 * 10 & 14 pp
 * 18 & 37 pp
 * 12 DP
 * 52 & 53 pp
 * 54 & 51 pp
 * 5 DP
 * 38 & 19 pp
 * 39 & 40 pp
 * 240 pp
 * 240 pp

 * grupa płk. J. Sopotnickiego - 2000 men
 * d-two obrony Lwowa - hq + 6726 men
 * 1 BK (5,11,17 puł)
 * grupa rtm. R. Abrahama - 820 men (Roman Abraham)
 * grupa gen. M. Palenki - 8453 men (Ukrainian volunteers under M Palenko)
 * 6th Ukrainian Division (remnants of a Ukrainian en cadre division - 650 men)

Polish airforce in XII 1918 - IV 1920
1 aerial fleet - 6 planes

 * 18 aerial fleets
 * 3 fighting
 * 14 reconnaissance
 * 1 unknown

 * 7 Haller aerial fleets
 * 3 disbanded (planes went to other squadrons)
 * 2 reconnaissance,
 * 2 fighting

 * In 1920 aerial fleets were merged into squadrons:
 * 4 reconnaissance
 * 2 fighting
 * 3 reserve

In period XII 1918 - IV 1920, 1800 planes were used, (100 types, models).

WUPL (ZURL)

 * broader info

1919

 * I Corps (between Sokal and Kulikovo)
 * V Sokil Bde
 * VI Rava Russka Bde
 * IX Uhnov Bde
 * X Yaroslav Bde
 * II Corps (Central front)
 * I Sich Rifles Brigade
 * II Kolomyia Bde
 * III Bzhezhany Bde
 * IV Zlochiv Bde
 * III Corps (between Gródek Jagieloński and Czechoslovakian border)
 * VII L'viv Bde
 * VIII Sambir Bde
 * XI Stryi Bde
 * Mountain Bde

1919

 * Sich Rifles - around 15,000 men
 * 9th,
 * 10th,
 * 11th Divisions

 * Zaporizhia Army - around 15,000 men
 * 6th,
 * 7th,
 * 8th Divisions

 * Volhynian Army - around 10 to 15,000 men
 * 1st,
 * 4th Divisions
 * 3rd Iron Rifles Division

 * Ataman Tiutunniks Group
 * Kyiv Peasant Division,
 * Zaporizhska Sich Div,
 * 2nd,
 * 5th
 * 12th Divisions

1920
Sztab: dowódca dywizji - płk. Marko Bezruczko szef sztabu ppłk. Wsewołod Zmijenko
 * 2 DS - 3904 men, 11 cannons, 56 heavy machine-guns -formed in II 1920
 * 10 battalion
 * 11 battalion
 * 12 battalion
 * Udowyczneka group:
 * 1 "Mohylevian" infantry regiment
 * Galitzian battalion
 * remnants of 4 Galitzian Brigade
 * horse detachment - płk. Bilecki
 * horse detachment - płk. Smagłyj
 * artillery squadron
 * 6 DS - 2185 men, 4 cannons, 36 heavy machine-guns
 * 16 Infantry Brigade
 * 17 Infantry Brigade
 * artilery regiment
 * technic (sotnia) hundred
 * cavalry hundred
 * After capturing Kiev to URL joined:
 * Two brigades Sich Rifles (joined and desserted Red Army)
 * Gen. M.Omeljanowicz-Pawlenko's Group - 6347 men, 14 cannons, 144 heavy machine-guns
 * Partisants bands from east shore of Dniepr

Airforce

 * 1 Dnieper Air Squadron Ukrainian

Rosja Bolszewicka/ Bolshevic Russia
S.S. Kameniev Szef sztabu - Szef operacyjny - (B.M. Shaposhnikov)

Zachodni front north - belarussia (06.20 - 92tys.) od 29.04.20 (Mikhail Tukhachevskiy) szef sztabu - (Vladimir Lazarievich), od 25.02.20 - od 1.10.20 -

3rd Army (Vladimir Lazarievich) 4th Army - od 1.06.20(Dimitriy Savelyevich Shuvayev ) 15th Army (Avgust Kork) 16th Army (Nikolai Sollohub) 3rd Cavalry Corps (Gay Dimitriyevich Gay)

II Zachodni front - south - ukraine szef sztabu - 12th Army 14th Army 1st Cavalry Army (Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny) 4th Cav. (31aug20) 6th Cav. (31aug20) 11th Cav. (31aug20) 14th Cav. (31aug20) 44th Inf (31aug20)

-

- at west front's infanty divisions: 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 21, 24, 25, 27, 29 (disband 10.06.20), 33, 41, 44, 45, 47, 48, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60

at west front's cavalry divisions: 4, 6, 8, 9 (disband 26.5.20), 10**, 11, 14, 15, 17**

 * form twice

close

 * Northern Corps - Estonia (20,000 men)
 * 1st White Estonian Division
 * 2nd White Estonian Division

 * Baltische Landeswehr - Lithuania/Latvia (30,000 men)
 * Eiserne Division
 * Baltische Landwehr
 * Deutsche Legion

 * North West Army - North West Ukarine (60,000 men)
 * 1st Infantry Division
 * 2nd Infantry Division
 * 3rd Infantry Division
 * 4th Infantry Division
 * 5th Infantry Division
 * 6th Infantry Division

 * Volunteer Army - Northern Ukraine (50,000 men)
 * 1st Infantry Division
 * 2nd Infantry Division
 * 3rd Infantry Division
 * 4th Infantry Division
 * 1st Cavalry Division

 * 1st Army Corps - West Ukarine (30,000 men)
 * Drozdovska Infantry Division
 * 1st Cavalry Division
 * 2nd Cavalry Divisions

 * 2nd Army Corps - East Ukarine (30,000 men)
 * 13th Infantry Division
 * 34th Infantry Division
 * Tersko-Astrakhanska Cavalry

 * Composite Cavalry Corps - South-East Ukraine (20,000 men)
 * Kuban Cavalry Division
 * 3rd Cavalry Division

 * Don Corps - South-East Ukraine (30,000 men)
 * 1st Donskaya Horse Division
 * 2nd Donskaya Horse Division
 * 3rd Donskaya Horse Division

 * Army of the Don - Western Ukraine (80,000 men)
 * 1st Infantry Division
 * 2nd Infantry Division
 * 3rd Infantry Division
 * 4th Infantry Division
 * 1st Cavalry Division
 * 2nd Cavalry Division
 * 3rd Cavalry Division
 * 4th Cavalry Division

far

 * Detached Corps - North Russia (20,000 men)
 * 1st Detached Rifle Division
 * 2nd Detached Rifle Division

 * Lower Volga Detachment - Lower Volga region (20,000 men)
 * Astrakhan Cossack Division
 * 3rd Kuban Cossack Division

 * Trans-Volga Detcahment - Upper Volga region (10,000 men)
 * Kavkazkaya Rifle Division

 * 1st Uralsky Corps - Ural Region (50,000 men)
 * 1st Uralsky Cossack Division
 * 2nd Uralsky Cossack Division
 * 3rd Uralsky Cossack Division
 * 1st Uralsky Infantry Division
 * 3rd Iletzkaya Division

 * Army of Turkestan
 * Zakaspiyskana Composite Division
 * Turkestan Rifle Division
 * Cavalry Division
 * 1st and 2nd Basmanchi - Uzbek irregulars

 * 2nd Iletzky Cossack - Ural region
 * 3rd Uralskaya Cav. Division
 * 5th Iletzkaya Division
 * plus several detcahed units

 * Admiral Kolchaks Army of Siberia
 * The army was formed in Novonikolayevsk (Novosibirsk)

 * 1st Middle Siberian Corps
 * 1st Siberian Rifle Div
 * 2nd Siberian Rifle Div

 * 2nd Stepnoy Siberian Corps
 * 3rd,
 * 4th
 * 5th Siberian Rifle Div's

 * 3rd Uralsky Army Corps
 * 7th Uralskaya Rifle Div
 * 2nd Czech In. Regt
 * 1st, 2nd and 3rd Orenburg Cossack Regt's

 * Composite Corps
 * 3rd Irkutskaya Siberian Rifle Div
 * 15th Omskaya Siberian Rifle Div
 * Votkinskaya Div
 * Krasnoufimskaya Brigade

1919
At the begining of 1919 there were at least 20,000 men fighting for Makhno, but this incraesed to 40,000 by the end of the year.
 * Chiefs Hell Squadron
 * the Iron Infantry Division

1920

 * 1 Dywizja Strzelców Wlkp ( ==>14 DP)
 * 2 Dywizja Strzelców Wlkp ( ==> 15 DP)
 * 3 Dywizja Strzelców Wlkp ( ==>17 DP)
 * 4 Dywizja Strzelców Pomorskich (16.08.1919; po wojnie==>16DP)
 * 4 Dywizja Strzelców Pomorskich (16.08.1919; po wojnie==>16DP)

title: User:Halibutt/OOB


text:
Lenny Moore

Leonard Edward Moore (born November 25, 1933) is an American former football halfback and flanker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Baltimore Colts from 1956 to 1967. He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions. He was named the NFL Rookie of the Year in 1956 and was selected to the Pro Bowl seven times. Moore was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1975.

Early life
Moore was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, on November 25, 1933. He had exceptional athletic ability. He attended Reading Senior High School, where his speed on the field earned him the nicknames "The Reading Rocket", "The Reading Rambler", "Lightning Lenny" (for his unmatched speed); and "Spats" (for the way he taped his high-top shoes, making them look like low-tops, and one of the first to expose tapings outside the shoes).

College
Moore's speed and athletic ability earned him a football scholarship at Pennsylvania State University; when he enrolled in the fall of 1952 he was the first individual in his family to attend college. In an era before freshmen were allowed to play in games and "redshirt" status did not exist, he achieved great success in three seasons on the Nittany Lions varsity, scoring 24 touchdowns in 27 games. Moore finished as Penn State's all-time leader in 100-rushing yard games (12), rushing yards (2,380), all-purpose yards (3,543), and single-season all-purpose yards (1,486 in 1954).

NFL
Moore's achievements at Penn State did not go unnoticed by scouts from the NFL, and he was taken by the Colts ninth overall in the 1956 draft.

Moore was both a great runner and receiver, lining up in the backfield as a halfback and split wide as a flanker, and was equally dangerous at both positions in the Colts' offense run by quarterback Johnny Unitas. Moore averaged at least seven yards per carry in three seasons, and has a career average of 4.8 yards per carry. He had 40 receptions for 687 yards and seven touchdowns in 1957, the first of five years in which he would have 40 or more catches. In an era of pounding running games, Moore was a glimpse of things to come in the NFL, with a career average of 30 receptions per year out of the backfield.

During his rookie season in 1956, Moore established himself as one of the most well-rounded runners and receivers in the league, and won the NFL Rookie of the Year award. In 1958, he caught a career-high 50 passes for 938 yards and seven touchdowns in helping the Colts win the NFL championship. In 1959, Moore had 47 receptions for 846 yards and six touchdowns as the Colts repeated as champions.

In a 1962 preseason game against the Pittsburgh Steelers at Forbes Field, Moore was seriously injured being tackled out of bounds while running the ball as a halfback.

He recalled the event in his 2005 memoir: "I hit the ground hard and my knee slid over an exposed spike used to anchor first base during Pittsburgh's baseball season. The spike cracked my kneecap in two. At first I didn't realize how severe the injury was. But as I tried to run back onto the field and join the huddle after the tackle, I was bewildered by the inability to bend my knee. It would only flex so far, and then it would lock up."

The injury would force Moore into a cast encasing his leg from his ankle to his knee, causing him to lose half the 1962 season and ending his consecutive starts streak at 73 games.

Moore lost his starting job in 1963. He rebounded in 1964 with his greatest overall season, scoring 20 touchdowns to lead the league in scoring and helping to lead the Colts to a 12–2 regular-season record and a trip to the NFL Championship Game for the third time in seven years. He was named Comeback Player of the Year and voted Most Valuable Player by his fellow players, remarkable achievements considering he'd played most of the season with complications from appendicitis, and reinforcing his reputation as one of the toughest players in the NFL.

Moore scored a touchdown in an NFL-record 17 consecutive appearances starting in 1963 and continuing through the entire 1964 season, ending in 1965. This record stood for 40 years until being equaled by LaDainian Tomlinson in 2005. Because his streak was interrupted by a five-game absence due to injury in 1963, he does not hold the NFL record for scoring a touchdown in a team's consecutive games, only in games which he appeared.

Race and football
Moore faced the difficult task of being an African American in the NFL during the 1950s and 1960s. Most teams averaged about six African American players on their roster during his time in the league. His race also came into question after his retirement in 1968 when he was not given a long-term contract with CBS Television, ending his attempt to be the first black sports broadcaster for CBS.

Moore occasionally speaks to student groups about his experiences as a black football player during an era when, in the words of Baltimore Sun sportswriter Rick Maese, "Moore could travel with his teammates but couldn't always eat in the same restaurant, couldn't always stay at the same hotel, couldn't always fraternize with them the same way out of the locker room as he had in it."

"There was never anybody ever closer than me and the guys that I played football with on that Baltimore team – on the field," Moore told the Sun. "We were just like glue. One for all, all for one." But "once they blew the whistle and the game was over, they (the white players) went their way, we (the black players) went our way. We split. It was race."

Fellow NFL player Ollie Matson mentored Moore and warned him that "'they're going to call you the big N. You're going to hear it all. So don't get yourself all worked up, because it's going to happen.'"

Legacy
Moore retired from professional football after the 1967 season. In 12 seasons and 143 regular-season games he scored 111 total touchdowns, accumulated 11,213 total yards from scrimmage, made seven Pro Bowls, and five all-NFL teams. His uniform number 24 was retired by Baltimore, and in 1969 a sportswriters' poll named him to the NFL's 50th Anniversary Team.

In 1975 Moore was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and was named to the NFL's 1950s All Decade Team. In 1999, The Sporting News' ranked Moore 71st on its list of the 100 Greatest Football Players. He is the only player in NFL history to have at least 40 receiving touchdowns and 40 rushing touchdowns.

Football Outsiders, in their book Pro Football Prospectus 2007, named six of his seasons among the top 500 running back seasons of all time, which was tied for the 5th most seasons among the top 500 of any player. Moore's retired number is honored along with all of the other Baltimore Colts retired numbers in M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore, home of the Baltimore Ravens.

On January 19, 2008, Moore was inducted into the East-West Shrine Game Hall of Fame class. Moore was an honorary captain for Penn State's game versus Syracuse on September 12, 2009. It was the first time a former Penn State player had been invited to participate in the pre-game coin toss. Moore is a member of The Pigskin Club of Washington, D.C. National Intercollegiate All-American Football Players Honor Roll.

Moore retired in 2010 from the Maryland Department of Juvenile Services after 26 years of service. His job with the state included traveling to middle and high schools, mixing and mingling with at-risk children, trying to keep them straight. He was a keynote speaker for churches, organizations and youth groups, teaching children and adults about the risks of drugs and he worked to improve the lives of troubled teens.

On October 8, 2013, Moore had a road in Baltimore County named after him in his honor.

Moore's charity work includes raising money for the fight against scleroderma. He holds an annual benefit dinner in memory of his son Leslie, who died at 43 of that disease.

title: Lenny Moore


text:
Selenide

A selenide is a chemical compound containing a selenium with oxidation number of −2. Similar to sulfide, selenides occur both as inorganic compounds and as organic derivatives, which are called organoselenium compound.

Inorganic selenides
The parent inorganic selenide is hydrogen selenide (H2Se). It is a colorless, malodorous, toxic gas. It dissolves in aqueous solution, to give the hydrogenselenide or biselenide ion HSe−. At higher pH, selenide forms. Solutions of hydrogen selenide and selenide are oxidized by air to give elemental selenium:
 * 2 SeH- + O2  ->  2 Se  +  2 OH-

Most elements form selenides. They sometimes have salt-like properties, e.g. sodium selenide, but most exhibit covalent bonding, e.g. molybdenum diselenide. Their properties are diverse, mirroring the diverse properties of the corresponding sulfides.

As indicated by the fact that only a few thousand tons of selenium are produced annually, the subset of selenium compounds called selenides find few applications. Commercially significant is zinc selenide, which is used in some infrared optics. Cadmium selenide is a pigment but its use has been declining because of environmental considerations. Copper indium selenide (CuInSe2) has attractive potential for photovoltaic devices, but these applications have not been implemented widely. Similarly, quantum dots based on metal selenides have been extensively investigated for their distinctive spectral properties. Core-shell alloys of cadmium sulfide and selenide are of interest in imaging and phototherapy.

Many selenide minerals are known. Usually selenium partially substitutes for sulfide in many sulfide minerals. The degree of substitution is only of commercial interest for copper sulfide ores, in which case selenium is recovered as a by-product of copper refining. Some selenide minerals include ferroselite and umangite

Organic and biological selenides
Selenides are common in organic chemistry. They have two Se-C bonds, akin to organic sulfides. Examples include dimethyl selenide, selenomethionine, and Se-methylselenocysteine. Such compounds have few applications.

Examples

 * Gallium(II) selenide
 * Indium(III) selenide
 * Lead selenide
 * Copper selenide

title: Selenide


text:
Talk:John 20:16

[Untitled]
This page as nomianted for Votes for deletion and was voted to keep by a 9 vote majority. An archived discussion may be found here. --Oldak Quill 20:36, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * It's worth noting that over 50 votes were cast (I counted about 55, didn't see an official tally)), so a 9 vote majority, while a majority, is by no means a landslide. (Sure, I admit it, this is sour grapes from someone on the losing side of the vote. ;-) Now time will tell if this creates the sort of mess I predicted.  Wesley 05:05, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Initiator's introduction
This page was created as an experiment. I was wondering if it would be possible to have a decent article on every single Bible verse, so I picked one at random and wrote and article on it. Unfortunately the one picked seems to be of an above average notability. In retrospect a better test would be to find the single most uninteresting verse and try to do an article on it. I do think that this page shows that there is a possibility for such a detailed annotation project. Each verse has centuries of interpretation, debates over translation, and uses outside the Bible. In most cases enough material for a good article. - SimonP 02:45, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd say every Bible verse is at least notable. Probably someone of significance has commented on every verse, though it may be difficult to find something worthwhile to say about some of the less-remembered ones. Twinxor 02:56, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This page should be deleted. Commentaries and discussions of one's personal views on one part of a book are not encyclopedic in character. Albatross2147 05:54, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This page should not be deleted. A Commentary on every verse in the Bible should be part of Wikipedia's scope. Even if an article may be biased, that is what we have community collaboration for. --One Salient Oversight 07:40, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Albatross - what nonsense! To create entries on verses in an important literary work in an NPOV and objective manner is not "[discussing] one's personal views". I certainly am not a Christian and would even go so far as to count myself as strongly anti-Christian - this is not to say that I cannot read and take interest in Christian mythology. However, my interest in reading an article is irrelevent as to whether it should be kept or deleted. This is a varifiable, factually accurate entry that many people WILL read and take information from. It is most definately not for WikiBooks. Keep up the good work SimonP - fight for the right to write Wikipedia articles on any worthy cause - not just those which some deem appropriate! --Oldak Quill 09:50, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I want to say that I strongly support the idea to create an article on every Bible verse. I'm not too knowledgeable about theology and such, but I think it is very important that we as a project recognize the encyclopedic nature of content such as this. Everyking 15:32, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I oppose this chiefly because we would essentially be creating a Bible commentary, and any Bible commentary is inherently POV, either by what it says or what it does not say about a given verse. I know Wiki is not paper, but having an article on each verse would make it impossible to police them all to ensure that POV pushing didn't explode in some article or other. It's just an invitation for trouble. Although we have a lot of good NPOV articles on controversial subjects, I don't think we can sustain that at this level. Wesley 22:12, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * SimonP is being somewhat disingenuous above when he claims that he "picked one at random". He has, quite properly, dived in at the heart of Christianity - the Resurrection. -- RHaworth 07:40, 2005 Feb 6 (UTC)
 * I did pick one at random, but it somewhat unfortunately turned out to be one the more notable verses, certainly in the top 10%. This page is thus not a great proof of concept. John 20:14 and John 20:18 are considerably less notable, but each generated good articles. - SimonP 15:16, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * I was about to suggest to you that the real test of this theory would be John 11:35. And then I immediately discovered that it already exists, and isn't a complete stub.
 * I would recommend you start e.g. WikiProject Bible Verses to organize this, which may help prevent the messiness some predict and the massive stubbery or gaps that others predict.
 * Now -- If you and others in the Judaic religious lineage proceed to carry out this project, I would say then we should be prepared for an article on every quatrain of the Qur'an, etc. (See Category:Religious texts.) The potential scope almost seems to be beyond WP, frankly.
 * - Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ]  22:38, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)

Should the articles be on sections of text longer than a single verse?
It looks pretty unlikely that this will win consensus for deletion, so some thought should go into the issue of whether these articles should be merged, with perhaps an article per chapter rather than an article per verse. Divisions by sub-chapter are also common, though there are many such systems and picking one would be difficult.

The main advantages of giving each verse its own article is that it allows easy linking, it would be useful if every time John 20:16 was mentioned a user could click through to a detailed article on the verse. Length is also an issue, if as it seems a five hundred word article on each verse is possible then an article on a 30 verse chapter would be quite bulky. The third concern is that of copyright. The newer versions of the Bible are copyrighted, and those copyrights are enforced. Quoting a single verse at a time is certainly fair use, but adding longer chunks of the text may get us into trouble.

The advantages of larger group of text is that there will be less repetition as every verse does not need its context and setting explained. Issues with some verses also affect neighbouring ones, e.g. both John 20:16 and John 20:17 seem to contradict Mark 28:9. With the current set up these issues are discussed separately, if there was an article on the whole chapter all of the contradictions could be brought up in one place. There is also the issue of whether it is possible to write a decent article on every verse. John 20:16 is of above average notability, and there may very well be verses that would be perennial sub-stubs.

A potential compromise that might work is to have separate articles on each verse of the Pentateuch, Gospels, and Revelations. These are by far the most quoted and analyzed and there is a truly vast body of analysis and literature about them. The other books would be subdivided by chapter. Each verse will have also have a navbox at the bottom so that readers can easily read through the articles in the order in which they are presented in the Bible. - SimonP 17:59, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * That sounds reasonable. This could potentially satisfy people on both sides of the inclusion debate: particularly notable verses, on which a great deal can be written, still get their own articles, but the great majority of the Bible is dealt with through articles on chapters or some such system. Everyking 18:13, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I would vote for deletion - while a noble cause, and one worthy perhaps of writing a book on, it could become hopelessly POV and is not a topic for an encyclopedia (try Wikibooks, I believe there is a book on the Bible already?) --Mark Lewis 18:01, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Mark: yes, my sentiments exactly. Wesley 22:12, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * You said it. What kind of fool would think of writing an article about an ethno-religious conflict, a hot-button contemporary issue, a micronation or even an Ashlee Simpson album? It's a good thing we prohibit content on controversial subjects, otherwise just imagine what a POV mess we'd be in. Everyking 22:28, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * You seem to miss the point entirely. It's not that the subjects are controversial, it's that by going verse by verse we'll be addressing many of the same subjects separately, in literally thousands of articles. Also, even identifying a block of verses as related to each other is an act of interpretation; in many cases leading to massive article moves and renamings before being settled. I've been involved in plenty of controversial religious articles over the years, with mostly satisfactory outcomes to all involved, but I really think this is opening an entirely new can of worms. Wesley 18:24, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The controversy that would result if we tried to develop our own method of dividing the text is exactly why we should use the standardized, though still arbitrary, division by verses. I don't see the duplication of content as a problem. Of the dozen articles I have so far created the duplication is minimal. Issues like the authorship of John do not belong in the article on each verse just as debates over evolution do not belong in the article for each species.  Verse articles should just make sure they link to a more general one that will detail these major issues. - SimonP 22:57, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, at least we agree about sticking to the verse divisions rather than some larger more subjective division like a "passage." How do you plan to number the Psalms chapters; do you favor the chapter divisions found in the Masoretic text or those in the Septuagint? Choosing either for the chapter title is bound to reflect your bias, whether intended or not. Wesley 04:48, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * There is no ideal solution, but the Hebrew division of the Psalms would be the more common one among English speakers. Picking the common usage is how most ambiguous names are dealt with on Wikipedia.  We should, however, make sure to mention both possible names in each article. (The alternative system would be to see Masoretic vs. Septuagint as equivalent to British English vs. American English and allow a mishmash of systems, but this would get very complicated very quickly.)  - SimonP 14:35, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * So essentially you're saying to adopt the usage and implicit POV most common among English speakers. This isn't just about naming or American vs. British spelling; the choice between Masoretic vs. Septuagint has a large impact regarding whether Jesus fulfilled Messianic prophecies in the Psalms. Wesley 18:05, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This is only the titles, the text of the articles should give equal weight to each version. It is an unfortunate necessity, but also standard practice, to have POV titles for these articles. - SimonP 18:48, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:John 20:16


text:
User:Pantherarosa

 Who??

{| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"

title: User:Pantherarosa


text:
Talk:Selenide

Untitled
Cation redirects to ion so this should probably be reworded. (please removed this entry if you fix it).

Does anyone know what selenides are used for? H2Se is used for doping with selenium in semiconductors. ZnSe seems to be used in photoelectronics. RJFJR 02:47, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)

The part of the article related to selenides' applications in phototherapy and quantum dots is misleading. It is true that selenide could be applied in this field; however, it is mainly used under laboratory conditions, as it is described in the indicated references. Besides selenide quantum dots, there is a variety of other quantum dots, and this application is more a scientific challenge than a practical application. However, one of the fields where selenide has a huge practical impact is solar cells, especially copper indium gallium selenide solar cells (CIGS). A short citation from a CIGS Wikipedia page: "CIGS is one of three mainstream thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technologies, the other two being cadmium telluride and amorphous silicon. Like these materials, CIGS layers are thin enough to be flexible, allowing them to be deposited on flexible substrates." In brief, it is one of the leading photovoltaic technologies, and it is a real practical application. This is way more important to mention in this article than other theoretically possible practical applications. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Technologasnano (talk • contribs) 20:55, 1 April 2023 (UTC)

Error in "Applications" segment
In the "Applications" segment it says: "Quantum dots based on metal selenides have been extensively (?) for their distinctive spectral properties." I'm guessing it should say "extensively researched", but I'm not sure, so I don't want to edit it. Jonhelmererikb (talk) 12:53, 18 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Selenide


text:
User talk:Demoro

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. If this is really your first time here, it's always a good idea to take a look at this tutorial to learn a few things about how this site works. Hope you enjoy it. =]

By the way, I see you added this image to the Gisele Bündchen article, but looks like you didn't add any copyright tag to it, so there's no way for us to know where it came from, and what's its situation. Could you please add a description about its origin and its copyright situation? Thank you.--Kaonashi 02:47, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Demoro


text:
Doak Walker

Ewell Doak Walker II (January 1, 1927 – September 27, 1998) was an American football halfback and kicker who played with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) for six seasons from 1950 to 1955. He played college football for the SMU Mustangs, where he won the Heisman Trophy in 1948.

Walker was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1959 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1986. The Doak Walker Award, awarded annually since 1990 to the top running back in college football, is named after him.

Early life
Walker was born in Dallas, Texas, in 1927. His father, Ewell Doak Walker Sr., was a Tennessee native and a school teacher who later became assistant superintendent and personnel director of the Dallas school system. His mother Emma was a Texas native, and he had a younger sister, Elsa.

Walker attended Highland Park High School in University Park, where he was a five-sport athlete in football, basketball, baseball, swimming, and track and field. In 1944, Doak Walker led his high school football team to the state championship game. He and future college and NFL star Bobby Layne were teammates at Highland Park; Layne played college football at the University of Texas in Austin.

Following his graduation from high school in 1945, Walker joined the Merchant Marine. The war ended in August 1945, and Walker was discharged from the Merchant Marine on November 1, 1945.

SMU (1945; 1947–1949)
Two days after being discharged from the Merchant Marine, Walker appeared in his first college football game for Southern Methodist University. Walker played in five games for the SMU Mustangs in November 1945 and was sufficiently impressive as a halfback and placekicker as to win All-Southwest Conference honors and a spot in the annual East–West Shrine Game in San Francisco. In the Shrine game, he threw a tying touchdown pass for the West team.

Walker did not play college football in 1946, as he was inducted into the U.S. Army in March 1946. His stint was brief, playing football for the Brooke Medical Center service team in San Antonio before being discharged in January 1947.

Following his discharge, Walker re-enrolled at SMU and rejoined the Mustangs football team. As a sophomore, he led Southern Methodist to a 1947 SWC championship and was named to a myriad of All-American teams. He gained similar All-American honors in 1948, and 1949. Walker won the Maxwell Award as a sophomore in 1947 and the Heisman Trophy in 1948 as a junior.

During his award-winning 1948 season, Walker gained 532 yards on the ground, carrying the ball 108 times for a 4.9 yards per carry average. He also threw six touchdown passes from the halfback position, going 26-for-46 and gaining 304 yards in the air. As a receiver, Walker hauled in 15 passes for 279 yards and 3 touchdowns. On the defensive side of the ball, he intercepted three passes. He also punted for a 42.1 yard average for the Mustangs, returned punts and kickoffs, and did duty as the SMU placekicker. Walker finished the year with 11 touchdowns scored, which combined with his kicking put 88 points on the scoreboard for the year.

Walker's impact on SMU and football in the Dallas area led to the Cotton Bowl's expansion and nickname: "The House That Doak Built." He was also a member of Phi Delta Theta fraternity, the men's society Cycen Fjodr, and lettered on the SMU basketball and baseball teams.

Detroit Lions (1950–1955)
Following his junior year at SMU, Walker was selected by the Boston Yanks with the third pick of in the 1949 NFL draft, held in December 1948. The Detroit Lions acquired Walker's rights from Boston in exchange for John Rauch, whom the Lions had selected with the second pick of the 1949 NFL Draft. The Cleveland Browns held the AAFC to arbitrate their conflicting claims or flip a coin. Instead, the Browns agreed in January 1950 to forego their claim to Walker in exchange for the Lions' second pick in the 1950 NFL draft.

In Detroit, Walker was reunited with former high school teammate Bobby Layne who the Lions acquired by trade in April 1950. The two Texans led the Lions to one of the top scoring offenses during the 1950 NFL season, as Layne led the NFL with 2,323 passing yards and Walker led the league with 128 points on five rushing touchdowns, six receiving touchdowns, 38 extra points, and eight field goals. Walker appeared in all 12 games for the 1950 Lions at the left halfback position; he rushed for 386 yards on 83 carries (4.7 yards per carry), caught 34 passes for 534 yards, and totaled 1,262 all-purpose yards. He was selected by both the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) as a first-team player on the 1950 All-Pro Team. His 128 points in 1950 was the second highest single-season total in NFL history to that time.

Walker had another strong season in 1951, appearing in all 12 games at left halfback for the Lions, totaling 1,270 all-purpose yards (fourth best in the NFL), scoring 97 points (third best in the NFL), and leading the NFL with 43 extra points. He was again selected by the AP and UP as a first-team All-Pro.

Walker suffered leg injuries that limited him to seven games during the 1952 season. He was fully recovered in time for the post-season and rushed for 97 yards and caught two passes against the Browns in the 1952 NFL Championship Game.

Healthy for the full 1953 season, Walker helped lead the Lions to their second consecutive NFL championship. He ranked third in the NFL with 93 points scored and totaled 978 all-purpose yards, including 502 receiving yards and 337 rushing yards. In the 1953 NFL Championship Game, he scored a touchdown and kicked a field goal and an extra point to account for 10 of the Lions' 17 points. At the end of the 1953 season, Walker was selected by the AP as a first-team All-Pro and by the UP as a second-team All-Pro.

In 1954, Walker helped lead the Lions to their third consecutive NFL Western Division championship. He led the NFL with 43 extra points (out of 43 attempted) and an average of 14.4 yards per touch. He ranked second in the NFL with 106 points scored and third with 11 field goals. He also kicked a field goal and an extra point in the 1954 NFL Championship Game and was selected by the AP, UP, and The Sporting News as a first-team back on the 1954 All-Pro Team.

In July 1955, Walker signed a contract worth $27,500 to play a final season for the Lions and to serve as a special scout for the Lions in Texas in 1956 and 1957. At age 28, Walker retired not because his abilities had diminished but because of the need to attend to multiple business interests in Texas. In his final season, he appeared in all 12 games for the Lions and led the NFL in scoring with 96 points. Walker scored 11 points in the final game of the season to secure the league's scoring title. His 1955 scoring title was remarkable given the fact that it was achieved while playing for a team that won only three games and compiled the worst record in the NFL.

On December 11, 1955, the day of Walker's final regular season game, the Lions held a "Doak Walker Day" at Briggs Stadium at which he was presented with a silver football engraved with the names of his teammates and coaches. Walker's jersey (No. 37) was also retired as part of the ceremony.

Walker's final NFL appearance was in the 1956 Pro Bowl at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on January 15, 1956.

At the time of his retirement, Walker ranked third in NFL history with 534 points scored (not including 21 post-season points) in six NFL seasons. Only Don Hutson (825 points in 11 seasons) and Bob Waterfield (573 points in eight seasons) had scored more points. Walker also totaled 1,520 rushing yards on 309 carries (4.9 yards per carry) and 152 receptions for 2,539 yards (16.7 yards per reception).

Honors and legacy
Walker received numerous honors for his football career. His honors include the following:
 * In 1955, the Detroit Lions retired his jersey (No. 37), the first uniform number retired by the Lions.
 * In 1959, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
 * In 1981, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Tom Landry. He was presented alongside fellow honoree Bobby Layne.
 * In 1986, he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Bobby Layne presented Walker for his induction and said of Walker, "He was the greatest clutch player I ever saw. . . . I'll tell ya, if we were ahead 28-0 or somethin', you might not notice Doak on the field. But if it was a close game, everybody knew he was there and he would be the difference."
 * The Doak Walker Award, first awarded in 1990, is presented annually to the best running back in college football.
 * In 2007, Walker was ranked No. 4 on ESPN's list of the top 25 players in college football history.
 * A statue of Walker was placed between Gerald Ford Stadium and SMU's Dedman Center for Lifetime Sports.

Sports Illustrated writer Rick Reilly said of Walker shortly before his death: "He's Doak Walker, and he was as golden as golden gets. He had perfectly even, white teeth and a jaw as square as a deck of cards and a mop of brown hair that made girls bite their necklaces. He was so shifty you couldn't have tackled him in a phone booth, yet so humble that he wrote the Associated Press a thank-you note for naming him an All-American. Come to think of it, he was a three-time All-American, twice one of the Outstanding Players in the Cotton Bowl, a four-time All-Pro. He appeared on 47 covers, including Life, Look and Collier's. One time, Kyle Rote, another gridiron golden boy, saw a guy buying a football magazine at a newsstand. 'Don't buy that one,' Rote said. 'It's not official. It doesn't have a picture of Doak Walker on the cover.'"

Shortly after Walker's death in 1998, Texas running back Ricky Williams wore Walker's number 37 in a game as opposed to his customary number 34 in remembrance of Walker. Williams would go on to set the NCAA all-time rushing record that season (though it has since been eclipsed by Ron Dayne), winning the Heisman Trophy in the process.

Family and later years
In March 1950, Walker married his college sweetheart, Norma Jane Peterson, at the Highland Park Presbyterian Church in Dallas. His groomsmen included Bobby Layne and Kyle Rote. They had four children: Laurie ('52), Kris ('56), Russ ('60), and Scott ('63), but divorced in 1965. Walker married Olympic ski racer Skeeter Werner in 1969, and they lived in her hometown of Steamboat Springs, Colorado.

Walker left pro football in 1955 to concentrate on his private business interests in sporting goods and as a sales executive with an electrical contracting company. Walker took a position as a coach with the Akron Vulcans of the Continental Football League. When the Vulcans owner was exposed as a con-artist and stopped paying his bills, Walker and his assistant coaches (Tobin Rote and Lou Rymkus being among them) kept the team alive as long as they could with funds out of their own pockets; Walker eventually quit before the team folded. He later founded Walker Chemicals in Denver, a company he sold upon retirement.

In January 1998, at age 71, Walker was paralyzed from the neck down in a skiing accident at Steamboat Springs. After hitting a change in terrain, he flew 20 to 30 feet in the air and tumbled 75 feet. He died that September from injuries sustained in the accident.

title: Doak Walker


text:
Xihu, Hangzhou

Xihu District is one of ten urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province, East China, named after and containing the West Lake.

It has an area of 263 km2, and a population of 520,000. The postal code is 310013.

The district government is located at 1 Zheda Road.

Renowned companies such as Nongfu Spring and Ant Financial have their headquarters in the district.

Administrative divisions
Subdistricts:
 * Beishan Subdistrict (北山街道), Lingyin Subdistrict (灵隐街道), Xixi Subdistrict (西溪街道), Cuiyuan Subdistrict (翠苑街道), Wenxin Subdistrict (文新街道), Gudang Subdistrict (古荡街道), Xihu Subdistrict (西湖街道), Zhuantang Subdistrict (转塘街道), Jiangcun Subdistrict (蒋村街道), Liuxia Subdistrict (留下街道)

Towns:
 * Shuangpu (双浦镇), Sandun (三墩镇)

title: Xihu, Hangzhou


text:
Laurus

Laurus is a genus of evergreen trees or shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The genus contains three or more species, including the bay laurel or sweet bay, L. nobilis, widely cultivated as an ornamental plant and a culinary herb.

Description
They are slow-growing, large, evergreen aromatic shrubs or trees with alternate, ovate leaves and insignificant yellow male and female flowers borne on separate plants (dioecious). They are frost-hardy but in temperate zones they require a sheltered spot in full sun that is not subject to prolonged freezing. Plants in pots can be moved into a cold greenhouse during the winter months.

Species
The number of species in the genus has not yet been fully resolved. Three species are currently accepted:

 * Laurus azorica, (Seub.) Franco – Azores laurel. Native to the Azores.
 * Laurus nobilis L. – bay laurel, true laurel, or sweet bay. Native to the Mediterranean region. Used as an ornamental plant and culinary herb (one type of bay leaf) used in Mediterranean style dishes. It was also the original source of the laurel wreath of ancient Greece.
 * Laurus novocanariensis Rivas Mart., Lousã, Fern.Prieto, E.Días, J.C.Costa & C.Aguiar – native to Madeira and the Canary Islands. Formerly included in L. azorica.

Fossil history

Fossils dating from before the Pleistocene glaciations show that species of Laurus were formerly distributed more widely around the Mediterranean and North Africa, when the climate was more humid and mild than at present. It is currently thought that the drying of the Mediterranean basin during the glaciations caused Laurus to retreat to the mildest climate refuges, including southern Spain, Portugal and the Macaronesian islands. With the end of the last glacial period, L. nobilis recovered some of its former range around the Mediterranean.

title: Laurus


text:
Talk:2003 Atlantic hurricane season

FA Class?
So, what's left for this to go to FAC? It would be nice if a featured topic could have a featured article as its capstone... Tito xd (?!?) 18:45, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

 * More outside of the storms section. Forecasts would be needed. Cite webs and non-breaking spaces also. Some of the storm sections might have to be a bit longer, as well. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 19:03, 17 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah... (see /Comments.) I just asked so the ball would get rolling. Tito xd (?!?) 19:09, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Nice :) Hurricanehink ( talk ) 19:11, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Design
Shouldn't we design the 2003 atlantic hurricane season page the way we designed its many predecesor's pages. We don't have it showing the track, picture, and peak intensity stats in a table to the right and there isn't enough info per each storm. We should design it like the 2002 atlantic hurricane season or the 2001 atlantic hurricane season or the 2000 atlantic hurricane season just to give a few examples. I would do it myself but I am more new to how the pages are designed to I'm not so sure I would do it correctly. I'll try. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60'smusic (talk • contribs) 13:14, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
 * This article is based off featured articles 2005 Atlantic hurricane season and 2006 Atlantic hurricane season. Juliancolton Tropical Cyclone  13:24, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

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Dead link 4
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

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 * In Effects of Hurricane Isabel in Virginia on 2011-03-18 00:42:18, 404 Not Found
 * In 2003 Atlantic hurricane season on 2011-05-25 07:30:04, 404 Not Found
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Tropical Storm Peter article
Can someone make a Tropical Storm Peter article? I might post a draft if I make one. - CyclonicStormYutu

Extremely active
I think that an ACE of 153 is needed but it also needs either ten hurricanes or five major hurricanes. And I am trying to find sources to prove it. I am attanining consensus before readding it. Leaving it open for anyone’s thoughts. Will ping people if necessary. HurricaneTracker495 (talk) 20:14, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Hurricane Kate (2003) into 2003 Atlantic hurricane season
Fails WP:NWX since there was virtually no damage and no deaths. Most of the preparations and impact mentioned would be considered routine. This could be summarized within the season article since the section there is a bit lacking. Noah, AATalk 14:22, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Support as author. Hurricanehink mobile (talk) 17:17, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Support merge – Based on its storm history and the preparation/impact details, this storm does not pass the notability threshold for a standalone storm article. As the article introduction states, "The storm had minimal effects on land, limited to moderately strong winds and heavy rainfall over Newfoundland". Drdpw (talk) 22:38, 8 February 2024 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Tropical Storm Nicholas (2003) into 2003 Atlantic hurricane season
I do not believe this storm passes on notability due to the lack of impact and the season section could use an increase in content from this article. Noah, AATalk 14:43, 23 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Support - I figured this one would be coming soon. Yea, I think I was fascinated by Nicholas's post-tropical history, but I don't think there's anything in the article that can't fit in the season section. ♫ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 02:30, 24 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Support: Little impact or overall notability for this storm. Drdpw (talk) 13:31, 11 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Support - Its longevity does not mean that it's notable enough. It has very little impacts, too, making it unremarkable in that regard. The season article could use more details from the storm article, and it can be easily achieved. ~  Sandy 14156   ( Talk ✉ )  21:05, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:2003 Atlantic hurricane season


text: User talk:63.252.66.105

title: User talk:63.252.66.105


text:
Dave Casper

David John Casper (born February 2, 1952) nicknamed "the Ghost", is an American former professional football tight end who played in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Oakland Raiders. Casper has been inducted into both the College Football Hall of Fame (2012) and the Pro Football Hall of Fame (2002).

High school
Casper spent his first three years of high school at St. Edward Central Catholic High School in Elgin, Illinois, and his senior season was at Chilton High School in Chilton, Wisconsin, 35 miles south of Green Bay. He was a member of the 1969 Chilton team that outscored their opponents 363–0 in eight games. The small-town team was ranked eighth in the state behind the largest schools in the state; there was no playoff system at the time.

College career
Casper played collegiate football at the University of Notre Dame, where he earned Honorable Mention All-America for the Fighting Irish as a tackle in 1972. In 1973, he was an All-American on the 1973 National Championship Team. He was the 1973 ND Offensive MVP as a tight end and recorded 21 receptions for 335 yards and four touchdowns in his career.

Casper earned his bachelor's degree in economics and graduated in 1974. He was also the captain of the Omicron Delta Epsilon Honor Society for Economics. In 2012, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

Professional career
Casper was selected in the second round of the 1974 NFL draft by the Oakland Raiders. Casper only caught a total of nine passes his first two seasons, but was a top-ten receiver in their championship season in 1976, in which he had 53 catches for 691 yards and 10 touchdowns.

Ghost to the Post
One of Casper's most memorable games as a Raider came in a 1977 Divisional Playoff game against the Baltimore Colts. Casper made an over-the-head catch of a soft pass lofted by Ken Stabler on "The Ghost to the Post." The 42-yard reception set up a game-tying field goal that forced overtime and the Raiders went on to a 37–31 victory with Casper's 10-yard touchdown reception in the second overtime period. He finished the game with four receptions for 70 yards and three touchdowns.

The Holy Roller
Casper was also involved in another famous NFL contest in 1978 on September 10, between the Raiders and San Diego Chargers. The Raiders trailed the Chargers 20–14 with just ten seconds left in the game when Oakland quarterback Ken Stabler, about to be sacked, dropped the football. He flicked it toward the goal line in an effort to save the game and Raiders running back Pete Banaszak recovered the ball at the San Diego 12-yard line but dropped the ball again, and it rolled further forward. Casper kicked the ball at the San Diego 5-yard line and finally recovered it in the end zone to tie the game. The extra point attempt was good and Oakland won the game by a point, 21–20. Stabler, Banaszak, and Casper all admitted afterwards that they had deliberately fumbled or batted the ball towards the end zone.

The Chargers protested on the grounds that Stabler's fumble was actually a forward pass, and therefore should have been ruled incomplete when it hit the ground. As a result of the play, the NFL changed its rules to make it illegal for the teammate of a ball carrier to advance the ball if the ball carrier fumbles on fourth down or in the last two minutes of the game.

Other career highlights
Casper caught the first touchdown of Super Bowl XI, a 32–14 Raiders victory over the Minnesota Vikings. As a Raider, Casper was selected to four straight Pro Bowls (1976–1979).

Along with his three touchdown catches in the "Ghost to the Post" game, Casper caught two more TD's in the 1977 AFC Championship Game. His five TD's in a postseason is an NFL record for tight ends that still stands today.

Midway through the 1980 season Casper was traded to the Houston Oilers for their first and second-round draft picks. He was reunited with his former Raider quarterback, Ken Stabler, when he was traded to the Oilers. He finished the 1980 season with 56 receptions and was named to his fifth Pro Bowl. However, the trade caused him to miss out on a second Super Bowl ring, as the Raiders went on to win the Super Bowl that year, beating Houston in the playoffs on the way there. After the 3rd week of the 1983 season, Casper and quarterback Archie Manning were traded to the Minnesota Vikings. In 1984, he returned to the Raiders (who won another Super Bowl the year before) for his final NFL season.

Casper finished his pro career with 378 receptions, 5,216 yards and 52 touchdowns. In 2002, he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He was the 13th Raider to be inducted.

Current activities
In recent years, Casper has been working for Northwestern Mutual Financial Network in Walnut Creek, California (and now Vernon Hills, Illinois) assisting business owners with financial planning and consultation work.

title: Dave Casper


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rubberninja

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 08:11, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Rubberninja
Appears to be a non-notable vanity page. Evil Monkey∴Hello 02:52, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC) "Self promotion? Well I wasn't the one who made this wikipedia entry, so I think you're talking crap :)" This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, possible vanity. Megan1967 03:58, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, almost certain vanity? Peter Shearan 07:47, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity. Do they really call themselves "Flashers"? That just about saps my will to flash (animate, sickos) someday.--ZayZayEM 08:31, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Looks like non notable vanity. Inter 11:16, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Self-promotion. jni 14:29, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, self promotion (rhetorical side comment, not directed at this person- what is it with "flash artists" and their egos, anyway?). Wyss 22:18, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Omar Filini 07:11, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. How can vanity pages be about notable people?  Bart133 (t) 02:18, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:70.240.241.128

title: User talk:70.240.241.128


text: Category:Collage

title: Category:Collage


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Clunes, New South Wales

Clunes is a small town in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. It is located approximately 18 km northeast of Lismore. In, Clunes had a population of 559 people.

Description and history
Situated in hilly country, the volcanic soils provided by nearby Mount Warning allow for macadamia and coffee-growing.

Also nicknamed "The Holy City" because of the number of fine early Australian churches in the village. Clunes has a number of good local services including: a general store and café, petrol station, butcher, bookstore, nurseries and an antiques shop. With many attractive North Coast federation houses in the district, the area is popular with people working in nearby Lismore and Byron Bay. The village is named after Robert Mortimer Clunes, an early engineer in the dairying industry.

title: Clunes, New South Wales


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User:Radical Mallard

Interested in political subjects. While I have a left-libertarian slant, I am interested in maintaining fairness and accuracy on Wikipedia. Please let me know if anything I add is out of place, and why.

Also interested in science, technology, philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, history, and militaria.

title: User:Radical Mallard