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Bristol Filton Airport

Filton Airport or Filton Aerodrome was a private airport in Filton and Patchway, within South Gloucestershire, 4 NM north of Bristol, England.

Description
The airfield was bounded by the A38 road to the east, and the former London to Avonmouth railway line to the south. To the north it was bounded by the Filton Bypass. A major road now crosses this bypass, running across former airfield land and linking Filton and Patchway to Cribbs Causeway. The housing development of Charlton Hayes is being built on the section of the airfield that is in the town of Patchway.

The airfield had a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Ordinary Licence (number P741) allowing flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee. Several private jets had the airfield as their home.

Filton's runway was wider than most, at 91 m (300 ft), and had a considerable length of 2,467 m (8,094 ft), having been extended for the maiden flight of the Bristol Brabazon airliner in 1949. Its size was beneficial in the late 1960s and early 1970s for development and manufacture of the supersonic Concorde.

Filton had a succession of owners. Following a review of its commercial viability, the last owners, BAE Systems Aviation Services Limited, decided to close the airfield for business effective 31 December 2012. BAE left the site, selling parts of the industrial buildings and land to Airbus, who have expanded their presence there. , Airbus is the main company left on the site. Airbus has built new offices and refurbished one of the original, listed 'Aircraft Works' buildings, Pegasus House, as well as restoring the historic Filton House. Planning permission was granted for Airbus to build a new Engine Development Centre, and in 2016 for a new Wing Building and Wing Development Centre.

The regional West of England Royal Mail letter sorting depot was built on part of the airfield site approximately ten years before the airfield closed.

, the only flights originating at Filton were from an area given to National Police Air Service for its helicopter and for an Air Ambulance helicopter operated by the Great Western Air Ambulance Charity, with both services then moving to a new base in nearby Almondsbury in October 2018.

History
The manufacture of aeroplanes started in 1910, when Sir George White, the owner of Bristol Tramways, established the British and Colonial Aeroplane Company in the maintenance sheds of Bristol Tramways. A small 'flying ground' was set up opposite Fairlawn Avenue in 1911, at the top of Filton Hill.

First World War
The company grew rapidly during the First World War, building thousands of Bristol Fighters and other aircraft. In 1915, as the Aircraft Works expanded over the original flying area, the Royal Flying Corps established Filton Airfield in fields at the bottom of Filton Hill. Access was via the hamlet of Charlton. The hamlet was taken over by the War Office, with people being re-housed and most of the houses demolished, though some survived up until the airfield was closed and the land readied for the Charlton Hayes housing estate.

The First World War buildings on the military base were wooden huts, but eventually more permanent structures were erected, including Barnwell Hall. During the war, RFC Filton was mainly used as an aircraft acceptance facility.

A flying school was located beside the airfield runway, and the site eventually became part of the Engine Division of the Bristol Aeroplane Company.

Inter-war years

Aero-engine production started close to Filton Airfield, with the acquisition of Cosmos Engineering in 1920. In the same year, the British and Colonial Aeroplane Company became the Bristol Aeroplane Company, often abbreviated to BAC. From 1929 the No. 501 (City of Bristol) Squadron RAF was based at RAF Filton. The squadron was equipped with Hawker Hurricanes by 1939 and formed part of the British forces sent to France.

Second World War
Before the Second World War, there were only grass runways at Filton. The re-armament programme from 1935 to the outbreak of war saw further expansion of the Bristol Aeroplane Company, and East Works on Gypsy Patch Lane and Rodney Works along Gloucester Road North were established for the production of aircraft engines.

Until the war, there was a belief that German bombers had insufficient range to reach Filton; however, the invasion of France by the Nazis in 1940 changed the situation. As war approached, anti-aircraft guns were set up in a field pasture on Filton Hill, next to Filton Golf Club, to defend the aircraft factories. On 25 September 1940, German aircraft, based in France, raided Filton, causing extensive damage to the aircraft factories, as well as heavy loss of life when several air-raid shelters were hit. In response, a squadron of Supermarine Spitfires was based at Filton. Before D-Day, US-manufactured aircraft were assembled at Filton Aerodrome, from assemblies imported via Avonmouth docks. Filton became a major port-of-entry for US casualties after the D-Day landings in June 1944, most of them taken to Frenchay Hospital. Aircraft produced at Filton during the war included the Blenheim, Beaufort, Beaufighter and Brigand. Filton Aerodrome was upgraded to a concrete runway during 1941/42.

Post war
After the Second World War, the concrete runway at Filton Aerodrome was extended westwards by John Laing & Son to enable the huge Bristol Brabazon airliner to take off safely. This extension required demolition of the hamlet of Charlton; it also severed the pre-war Filton bypass. The three-bay Brabazon Hangar was built in the late 1940s under the direction of T. P. O'Sullivan. The hangar doors and the railway level crossing for the aircraft were the largest in the world at the time. After a worker was crushed and killed while taking a sleep in one of the folds of the hangar doors, a siren was installed to warn employees when the doors were being operated.

During the late 1940s and early 1950s, BAC branched out into the development and production of pre-fabricated buildings, plastics, helicopters, guided weapons, luxury cars, gas turbines and ramjet motors. The Bristol Britannia (Whispering Giant) airliner and Bristol Freighter were produced.

In 1948, 501 Squadron was equipped with De Havilland Vampire jets. These were a common sight in the skies around Filton in the early to mid-1950s. 501 was disbanded on 3 February 1957. As a protest, one of the pilots flew his aircraft under the Clifton Suspension Bridge, but he crashed into a hillside on the Leigh Woods side of the Avon Gorge, near Sea Mills, Bristol, and was killed.

During the late 1940s and early 1950, British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) flew their Lockheed Constellations and Boeing Stratocruisers into Filton to be serviced in the newly completed Brabazon Hangar, then the largest hangar in the world. Maintenance flights to Filton ceased when suitable hangars were completed at London Heathrow Airport. In 1954, BAC opened a technical college for apprentices and trainees at the bottom of Filton Hill. This was eventually absorbed by Filton Technical College, that had opened on the opposite side of Filton Avenue in 1961. In 1958, the aero engine interests of the Bristol Aeroplane Company and Armstrong Siddeley were amalgamated to form Bristol Siddeley Engines. Rolls-Royce purchased Bristol Siddeley Engines in 1966. On 4 February 1971, Rolls-Royce were declared bankrupt due to the burden of development of the RB211 engine for the Lockheed L-1011 Tristar jetliner. Due to the importance of Rolls-Royce engine division to the Royal Air Force, the Government nationalised the company. Frederick Corfield the then local MP, was then Minister for Aviation, and presumably had influence over what was an unusual decision for a Conservative administration.

In 1960, the British Aircraft Corporation took over the aircraft interests of the Bristol Aeroplane Company. In 1960 an RAF Vulcan bomber, approaching from the west, landed at Filton in heavy rain. The pilot braked, but started to aquaplane. He decided to abort the landing. Although he managed to take-off and eventually land successfully elsewhere, the jet blast from the aircraft's four Bristol Siddeley Olympus 201 engines severely damaged a filling station at the eastern end of the runway, sent cars spinning on the A38 trunk road and wrecked the boundary fence steel railings. Eyewitnesses claimed that the aircraft barely cleared the engine test beds next to the Bristol to South Wales railway embankment. Subsequently, the filling station was moved further north, to a safer location. In the early 1960s a new Filton bypass was constructed, roughly parallel to the old one, and this later became part of the M5 motorway. The 1960s and 1970s saw the development and production of Concorde at Filton and a further extension of the Filton runway. The first flight of the Concorde 002 prototype took place on 9 April 1969 at Filton Aerodrome. All other British-built Concordes also used the main Filton runway for their first flights. Because of jet blast, gates and traffic lights were installed to close off the A38 road when Concorde took off. A few Lightning fighters were produced during this period.

The length of the runway and its closed-to-passengers status made it an ideal dispersion site for the nation's airborne nuclear deterrent during the Cold War. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in February 1962, Vulcan Bombers were stationed at the airfield, on short-notice stand-by. On 3 December 1962, Bristol Siddeley Engines were using Vulcan XA894 as a flying test bed for the Olympus 22R, which was designed to power the ill-fated BAC TSR-2 bomber. On that particular day, the aircraft was positioned at Filton on an apron near the former RAF station, with the 22R discharging its exhaust into a de-tuner. The power was increased to maximum reheat. An LP turbine disc was ejected from the engine, rupturing two fuel tanks and starting a fire. A brand new fire truck positioned in front of the aircraft was quickly enveloped in flames. The fire took hold so quickly that there was little the fire crew could do. Both the aircraft and fire truck were destroyed. The test engineers managed to exit the aircraft so there were no significant casualties.

After the disbanding of 501 squadron, Bristol Siddeley Engine apprentices and British Aircraft Corporation apprentices used Barnwell Hall, the former RAF Officers Mess, for accommodation. The Bristol University Air Squadron continued to use some of the RAF facilities. Nowadays, many of the RAF buildings are derelict and Barnwell Hall has been demolished. For many years a surplus Concorde, G-BBDG, was housed in one of the hangars and cannibalised for spares by British Airways; following the decommissioning of Concorde, it was moved to the Brooklands Museum and restored. A further downhill extension to the main runway was made for the Concorde project in the late 1960s. There was also a shorter concrete runway at Filton with a roughly north–south orientation, which was sometimes used by a Dakota to ferry key BAC personnel to Fairford during Concorde development in the early 1970s. This has now been demolished for the Charlton Hayes housing development.

1977 onwards
In 1977, British Aerospace, who owned a share in what became Airbus, had a major share of the site. Work undertaken included production of components for BAe 146 and Airbus aircraft. During the late 1990s and up to 2010 Douglas DC8 and Airbus A300 B4 aircraft flew regularly in and out of Filton. Airbus A300 B4 aircraft would be lined-up, awaiting conversion from passenger to freight use by BAE Systems. Boeing 747-200 maintenance was also undertaken. In 2002 BAE Systems left civil aircraft development and manufacture, to reorganise into a military manufacturer of aircraft, ships and other military products. Airbus continues on the site. The runway will be lost under housing developments.

On 26 November 2003, Concorde 216 (G-BOAF) made its last flight, and also the last flight by any operational Concorde. It flew from Heathrow, passing over the Bay of Biscay before making several low passes over Bristol, including over the Clifton Suspension Bridge where crowds had gathered, before landing at Filton. A new museum, Aerospace Bristol, opened in 2017 to the north of the old runway. This followed the closure of a previous visitors centre in 2010 after a fatal accident in which a man fell from a walkway. Concorde is one of the exhibits in the Bristol Aero collection.

On 21 November 2006, a public inquiry meeting was held with South Gloucestershire Council to discuss the building of 2,200 homes on the airfield (Patchway section). The first residents moved in to Charlton Hayes in October 2010.

The aircraft interests of the formerly named British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) are now owned by Airbus, GKN and BAC rebranded as BAE Systems, whilst the aero engine facilities are part of Rolls-Royce. MBDA owned the guided weapons facilities.

Refurbishment by Airbus of Filton House and Pegasus House (both Grade II listed buildings), as part of a new major office complex, was completed in 2013. Pegasus House, also known as New Filton House, was reopened by the Duke of Gloucester after standing vacant for 20 years. Built in 1936 as headquarters for the Bristol Aeroplane Company, the large Art Deco office building has sculptures, plaster panels and foyer flooring by Denis Dunlop.

Next to the A38 road, Airbus UK purchased 26 acre of the former Rolls-Royce Rodney Works in order to build a facility for wing development and manufacture, which was completed following the granting of planning permission by South Gloucestershire Council in 2016.

Units
The following units were here at some point:
 * No. 2 Aircraft Preparation Unit
 * No. 2 Elementary and Reserve Flying Training School RAF
 * No. 2 Elementary Flying Training School RAF
 * No. 2 Ferry Pilots Pool RAF
 * No. 2 Overseas Aircraft Preparation Unit
 * No. 7 Radio Maintenance Unit
 * No. 7 Radio Servicing Section
 * No. 8 Anti-Aircraft Co-operation Unit RAF
 * No. 10 Group Anti-Aircraft Co-operation Flight
 * No. 10 Group Target Towing Flight
 * No. 12 Reserve Flying School RAF
 * No. 15 Ferry Unit RAF
 * No. 19 Squadron RAF
 * No. 20 Squadron RAF
 * No. 25 Squadron RAF
 * No. 33 Squadron RAF
 * No. 42 Squadron RAF
 * No. 62 Squadron RAF
 * No. 66 Squadron RAF
 * No. 101 Squadron RAF
 * No. 110 (Anti-Aircraft Co-operation) Wing
 * No. 118 Squadron RAF
 * No. 236 Squadron RAF
 * No. 263 Squadron RAF
 * No. 286 Squadron RAF
 * No. 501 Squadron RAF
 * No. 504 Squadron RAF
 * No. 528 Squadron RAF
 * Bristol UAS
 * Centaurus Flight

Closure
Sections of the land that made up Filton Airfield were sold by BAE Systems for £120 million.

Revival
In the autumn of 2017, several hangars were re-opened as Aerospace Bristol, a museum about aerospace and the heritage of aerospace manufacturing in Bristol.

Current situation
The former airfield site has been earmarked by South Gloucestershire Council for 2,675 new homes. This new suburb, to be called Brabazon, is being developed by YTL Corporation and will begin construction in 2020 with the first residents arriving in 2021. As of 2023, parts of the old runway have already been dug up, and construction on areas that were formerly taxiways and aprons is well underway, as the development continues.

title: Bristol Filton Airport


text: User talk:204.128.192.8

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Norman Gunston

Norman Gunston is a satirical TV character performed by Australian actor and comedian Garry McDonald. Norman Gunston was primarily well known in his native Australia, and to a lesser extent, the United States during the mid to late 1970s. He was the only Gold Logie winning fictional character on Australian television, with McDonald collecting the 1976 Gold Logie and the George Wallace Memorial Logie for Best New Talent in character.

Early years
The Gunston character was originally conceived by comedy writer Wendy Skelcher and first appeared as a minor character to appear in a single sketch in the second series of the cult Australian TV comedy series The Aunty Jack Show in 1973. Cast member Garry McDonald portrayed Gunston as a dull and talentless local TV reporter from the industrial city of Wollongong – a locale that was the butt of many jokes throughout the series. The Gunston character made enough of an impression for him to be revived in a subsequent comedy mini-series made by the Aunty Jack team, Wollongong the Brave (1974), in which he starred in a satirical mock documentary Norman Gunston: The Golden Weeks. His segments as Norman in What's on in Wollongong became one of the most popular parts of the Aunty Jack Show, and Norman appeared on the Aunty Jack Sings Wollongong album along with McDonald's other character, Kid Eager.

National fame
In his later and most famous incarnation, Gunston had evolved to become the unlikely host of his own national TV variety show, The Norman Gunston Show, which premiered with a live broadcast on ABC television on 18 May 1975. Dubbed "the little Aussie bleeder" (a play on the term "Aussie battler"), he satirised parochial Australian culture, media "personalities" and egocentric talk show hosts.

After a faltering start, the Norman Gunston Show rapidly gained a huge national audience and the series became the pre-eminent Australian TV comedy program of its day, with McDonald winning a Gold Logie and having several pop hits. He is, notably, the only Logie recipient who has received the award in the name of his character rather than in his own name.

According to McDonald, the Gunston character and his show were initially devised as a parody of an (unintentionally bad) late-night Sydney TV variety show of the early 1970s hosted by expatriate American club entertainer Tommy Leonetti.

The series producer director was John Eastway.

Format
The Gunston show was a subversive parody of the established variety "Tonight Show" format, centring on a weekly roster of celebrity guests who were 'interviewed' by Norman. Genuine musical performances by guest stars were countered by Norman's own unique interpretations of popular songs – he specialised in portraying his lyrics through mime and sign language and frequently punctuated the song with 'dramatic' interjections. Among his memorable performances were his histrionic rendition of the Tom Jones hit "Delilah", his charades-like version of "Send in the Clowns" and his heroic interpretation of the Liza Minnelli's theme-song "Liza with a Z", which Norman back-announced by guilelessly expressing surprise at the fact that few singers except "Miss Lisa Minnulli" had ever attempted the song. McDonald is in real life an accomplished blues harmonica player (he jammed with Frank Zappa in an interview recording during Zappa's second Australian tour) and many of Norman's musical performances were regularly punctuated by poorly executed and inappropriate harmonica playing, such as in his rendition of the Billy Joel signature tune "Piano Man".

Norman's distinctive interview "shtick" included several recurring features. He habitually presented himself as ill-prepared and under-researched, seeming largely ignorant of and/or uninterested in his guests' achievements, although he was always quick to exploit any chance that their celebrity status might enable him to achieve one of his ambitions, such as being chosen to star in a cigarette ad (which he eventually achieved with 'Dukes' Cigarettes), or winning a Gold Logie.

Norman would further undercut his guests' star status by linking any aspect of their lives and careers to the most mundane features of his own life; he also habitually employed malapropisms and made a particular feature of mis-pronouncing stars' names, or apparently mistaking them for someone else. In his debut show he repeatedly referred to wealthy Sydney socialite Lady Fairfax as "Mrs Lady Fairfax" and in a later show he introduced progressive union leader Jack Mundey as "Mister Jack Mondaay" – a satirical inversion of the Australian habit of pronouncing the morphograph '-day' as '-dee' in the days of the week (e.g. "Sat'dee" for "Saturday").

As the series developed McDonald and his team introduced additional live and pre-taped segments including:

 * "Norman's Dreamtime" – a mock-fairytale segment in which Gunston regaled a group of increasingly bored children with readings from a book of iconic Australian fables, with titles such as "Why Underpants Ride Up"
 * "Consumer Straight Talk" – helpful tips on alternative uses for everyday household items, which later evolved into the even more grandiose-sounding "Spaceship Southern Hemisphere"
 * a weekly review of the show's ratings over previous weeks, with suggestions on how viewers and the studio audience might help them skyrocket; later in Series 1 this focused on Norman's increasingly desperate campaign to win the coveted Gold Logie – which is, ironically, exactly what transpired at the 1976 Logies.
 * in Series 2 Gunston presented (but did not appear in) a 3-minute satirical 'micro-soap' called Checkout Chicks, which parodied current Australian TV soap operas and starred actresses well known for their appearances in such programs, including Number 96 stars Abigail and Philippa Baker, Class of 74 star Anne Louise Lambert, who went on to star in Picnic at Hanging Rock (in which McDonald also appeared in a 'straight' role).

Stage settings were defiantly downmarket and rooted in Australian suburbia and kitsch RSL club stylings – after being introduced, bemused guests were offered their choice of dubious delicacies (such as pineapple doughnuts or the infamous Chiko Roll) from Norman's hot food bar, before being invited to sit on his vinyl-clad "night-and-day" (an Australian term for sofa bed). Perhaps the most memorable example of this was his interview of Edward Woodward and Michele Dotrice, during which he performed his version of Othello 'for the rugby leagues clubs', which involved him squirting tomato sauce over a ventriloquists's dummy, reducing Woodward to helpless laughter.

Gunston's personal appearance satirised club performers and TV interviewers of the time – for the studio segments he wore an ill-fitting blue lurex tuxedo jacket (wrongly buttoned) and the fly on his (too short) trousers was habitually left undone, with the shirt-tail poking out through the zip. Gunston also adopted a deliberately bad comb over hairstyle to partially cover his balding head. One of his visual trademarks was the small pieces of tissue paper applied to his pasty white face to cover supposed shaving cuts. This comic device led to his memorable exchange with visiting American actress Sally Struthers – noting Norman's apparent shaving cuts, she kindly suggested that perhaps Gunston should use an electric razor; the nonplussed Norman replied "Uh, I do", at which point Struthers collapsed in a fit of laughter.

Gunston performed subversive TV interviews with many major celebrities – during a Wings press conference he quipped to Linda McCartney: 'That's funny, you don't look Japanese.' (referencing Yoko Ono); other famous victims included Mick Jagger, Warren Beatty, Charlton Heston, and Muhammad Ali. Perhaps Norman's most well known interview was with Keith Moon at Charlton stadium in 1976. Moon famously ended his brief encounter with Norman by tipping Vodka over his head and yelling "Piss off, you Australian slag".

McDonald was one of the pioneers of the satirical "ambush" interview technique, which was founded on his considerable improvisational acting skills and precise comic timing. The "Gunston Method" relied on the fact that, especially in the early days of the series, the Norman persona was still relatively unknown in his home country, and completely unknown outside Australia. Thus, he was successfully able to hide behind the guise of a fully rounded and highly plausible character who appears to be stupid in order to throw his otherwise media-savvy quarry off their guard. This caused various results, from hilarity (Sally Struthers and Cheech and Chong), to clever play-alongs like Muhammad Ali ("I'm punchy – what's your excuse?") to bewilderment (Warren Beatty), to complete outrage (Rudolf Nureyev, Michael Cole).

The Gunston technique has since been employed by many comedians. In both style and appearance, Paul Kaye's character Dennis Pennis was strongly reminiscent of Gunston. It later had a very successful revival thanks to the British satirist Sacha Baron Cohen through his characters Ali G, Borat and Brüno. Canadian comedian and actor Martin Short also employed a similar technique with his best-known character, the fawning, morbidly obese celebrity interviewer Jiminy Glick; another notable resemblance between Glick and Norman is the Glick show's "fairytale" segment "Lalawood Fables", which is very similar to the "Norman's Dreamtime" segments of the Gunston show, in which the host reads a satirical mock-fable (intercut with pre-produced vision) to a group of assembled children. The Australian satirical comedy team The Chaser have also frequently used the Gunston Method to ambush unwitting targets—examples include the Julian Morrow character the "Citizens' Infringment Officer", and the team's now-legendary stunt in which they managed to penetrate a tight security cordon around the APEC Forum, despite the fact that Chas Licciardello was masquerading as Osama bin Laden.

Through sheer good luck, Gunston was immortalised in Australian political history when, on the morning of 11 November 1975, McDonald and his film crew – who happened to be in Canberra at the time – found out that the Labor government led by Gough Whitlam had just been dismissed by the Governor-General Sir John Kerr. On hearing the news, McDonald and his crew raced to Parliament House, where they were able to film McDonald (as Gunston) briefly addressing the assembled crowd, only moments before Whitlam and the Governor-General's Official Secretary David Smith appeared for the reading of the now-famous proclamation announcing Whitlam's dismissal.

In 1976, the ABC aired a third season of The Norman Gunston Show. By this stage, increased production budgets afforded Gunston more opportunities for overseas interviews, including Malcolm Muggeridge, Michael Caine, John Sturges, Glenda Jackson, John Stonehouse, and Rudolph Nureyev. One memorable encounter with Frank Zappa ended with Zappa and Norman duetting respectively on guitar and harmonica in a spontaneous blues jam (McDonald is in fact a proficient harmonica player). As the jam concluded, McDonald threw in a witty musical quote from the well-known ABC news theme, a nod to Zappa's well-known proclivity for inserting musical quotes such as TV themes into his work.

In November 1976, a specially prepared 45-minute UK Gunston TV special was screened on BBC2 TV. Some of Gunston's guests on the show included Diana Dors and Tony Greig.

After the third and final ABC TV season finished in late 1976, Gunston was popular enough to approach commercial TV networks. In particular, the Seven Network showed interest in producing another Norman Gunston series. Because of McDonald's other commitments, the series did not commence production until early 1978.

Between July–September 1977, Norman Gunston was included in the 8-episode ABC TV series, The Garry McDonald Show. Other characters were also played by McDonald, including Harry Butler, and Mo McCackie.

Channel 7 years
In 1978, the Australian Seven Network aired another Norman Gunston series, which continued over an 18-month period till 1979. Ten 60-minute episodes were produced by John Eastway and ATN7. Highlights of this series were also screened on UK Channel 4 TV from November to December 1982.

In February and March 1981, Channel 7 aired a program called Gunston's Australia, which intended to show the Gunston character approaching the end of his shelf life. In a satirical reference to personalities like former ABC current affairs host Bill Peach, the series parodied the perennial Australian TV practice of hiring celebrities to host magazine-style programs after leaving the show that had brought them to fame. Wearing a safari jacket and shorts, Gunston travelled around outback Australia, interfering and adventuring in high and low places in his usual cack-handed manner. This series was later screened from February to March 1983 on UK Channel 4 TV.

In 1985, a 2-hour video was released titled, The Gunston Tapes. This was a compilation of interviews and comic sketches from the first, second and third 1975–1976 ABC TV series. McDonald also temporarily revived the Gunston character for the purpose of narrating the video.

In February and March 1993, McDonald briefly revived the Gunston character for the Channel 7 network. However, by the time the series premiered McDonald was suffering from severe depression, and his much-publicised nervous breakdown and abrupt departure saw the series prematurely terminated. A 3-set DVD compilation of the 1993 series was subsequently released in 2003.

During the late 1990s, Foxtel's The Comedy Channel repeated all but the premiere episode from the 1975–76 ABC series. (A previously unaired pilot was screened in place of episode one, which is presumed lost.) This marked the first time the series had been aired since the late 1970s. The same episodes have been screened again, albeit in random order, from 2008 as part of the channel's Aussie Gold block hosted by Frank Woodley.

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by the Australian Recording Industry Association. They commenced in 1987.

! Ref.
 * 1993
 * "Amigos Para Siempre"/"Venereal Girl (Tribute to Madonna)" (with Effie)
 * Best Comedy Release
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

Program history

 * 1973 The Aunty Jack Show (ABC TV – six B/W episodes)
 * 1974 Wollongong the Brave (ABC TV)
 * 1975 The Norman Gunston Show – season 1 (ABC TV – nine 30-minute colour episodes)
 * 1975 The Norman Gunston Show – season 2 (ABC TV – eight 30-minute colour episodes)
 * 1976 The Norman Gunston Show – season 3 (ABC TV – eight 30-minute colour episodes)
 * 1976 The Norman Gunston Show (UK BBC TV one-off 60-minute special)
 * 1977 The Garry McDonald Show (ABC TV – eight 30-minute colour episodes)
 * 1978–79 The Norman Gunston Show (7 Network – ten 60-minute episodes)
 * 1981 Gunston's Australia (7 Network 1981 – eight 30-minute episodes)
 * 1993 The Norman Gunston Show (7 Network – five 30-minute episodes)

1975 season 1 ABC TV episodes
Series 1 episode 1 (18 May 1975)
 * Premier Norman Gunston Show episode filmed at ABN2 Gore Hill, Sydney TV studios. Norman Gunston interviews Mary Fairfax, Kerrie Biddell, and Rolf Harris.

Series 1 episode 2 (May 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Prince Leonard and Lord Davies from the Hutt River Province, Western Australia; Rick Morosi (Junie Morosi's brother); Colleen Hewett before her departure overseas; Mrs Phillis Johnson; and Edward Woodward. Norman's dreamtime segment. Gunston concludes the show by performing "Keep You Satisfied".

Series 1 episode 3 (June 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Stratford Johns; Chelsea Brown; Mrs Andrea (local talk back radio personality); and Fred Nile. Norman's dreamtime: "How Josyln Mathew got her spots". Consumer straight talk: Chewing gum special report. Gunston concludes the show by performing "If (They Made Me a King)".

Series 1 episode 4 (June 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Ray Barrett; Edith Dahl, and Jack Thompson. Australian rock group Skyhooks perform "Horror Movie". Norman's dreamtime segment: "Why underpants ride up". Consumer straight talk: Venus flytrap.

Series 1 episode 5 (June 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Jack Mundey; Paul Graham, Warren Beatty. Australian harmonica performing trio, The Horrie Dargie Trio, perform Theme From "Shaft" by Isaac Hayes. Paul Graeme wrestles alligator. Gunston performs "Sweet Caroline".

Series 1 episode 6 (June 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews the Carlton Football team in their dressing room; Mike Willesee; Marcia Hines; and Dr. Bertram Wainer. Gunston reports on "The joys of funny business". Gunston concludes show by performing "Liza with a Z".

Series 1 episode 7 (July 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Al Grassby; Bobbi Sykes; Little Pattie; and Cheech & Chong. Norman's dreamtime segment: "The beach umbrella finds Mr. Right". Consumer straight talk segment. Gunston closes show by performing "I Got You Babe" with Little Pattie.

Series 1 episode 8 (July 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Michele Dotrice; Edward Woodward; Beatrice Faust, and Peter Wherrett. Consumer straight talk segment: super shopping trolley reviewed by Peter Wherrett. Gunston closes show by performing "Out of Sight, Out of Mind".

Series 1 episode 9 (July 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Gary Glitter. Norman Gunstan stands outside Parliament House Canberra. Gunston performs "Here Come the Jets". Gunston promotional film for "Something or Other" brand cigarette commercial. Norman's nymphette 1975 competition final. Consumer straight talk – Norman's last eight video tapes. ABC chairman, Professor Downing announces new Norman Gunston series due to commence in early September 1975. Gunston concludes show by performing "Tomorrow Belongs to Me".

1975 season 2 ABC TV Episodes
Season Two featured recurring sketch, "The Checkout Chicks". This sketch, a send-up of melodramatic soap operas set in a supermarket, mostly featured former cast members of the then-popular serial Number 96: Abigail, Vivienne Garrett, Candy Raymond, Philippa Baker, Judy Lynne, Anne Louise Lambert.

Series 2 episode 1 (September 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Joe Frazier; Muhammad Ali, Lady Fairfax; and Winifred Atwell. Special report on GI cordial nutrition. Norman's $400,000 slice of the good life competition. Gunston commences show with "Colour my World" and concludes with "Pinball Wizard".

Series 2 episode 2 (September 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Ray Charles; Junie Morosi; Peter Allen; and Telly Savalas. Episode one of Checkout Chicks. Spaceship Southern Hemisphere incorporating consumer straight talk. Gunston concludes show with "Send in the Clowns".

Series 2 episode 3 (September 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Australian rock group Ayers Rock; Denise Drysdale; and President Nixon's security guard. Special announcement to the nation regarding Norman's false girlfriend. Norman's dreamtime: "Why the orange juice gets swished around in that glass thing". Junior jaws kitchen tidy bin review.

Series 2 episode 4 (September 1975) (Note: this episode only exists in black and white)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Hugh Hefner, Don Dunstan, and Barry Crocker.

Series 2 episode 5 (October 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Renée Geyer; Paul & Linda McCartney; Denny Laine; and radio talk-back priest Fr. Jim McLaren. Special report on keeping pets in units.

Series 2 episode 6 (October 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews John Gorton; The Seekers; and Miss Australia 1975; Sally Struthers. Checkout chicks. Special report on LA smog verses Australia smog. Gunston concludes show by performing Vesti La Giubba.

Series 2 episode 7 (December 1975)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Debra Byrne; Senator Albert Field; Michael Cole; and Vidal Sassoon. Norman Gunston appears on the steps of Parliament House with Gough Whitlam – 11 November 1975. Gunston concludes show with "Delilah".

Series 2 episode 8 (January 1976)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Edith Head; and Frank Zappa. Norman's dreamtime: "Why Aunty Pat took the kittens to the vet". Norman look alike awards 1975. Gunston concludes show with "I who have nothing".

1976 season 3 ABC TV Episodes
Series 3 episode 1 (September 1976)
 * Norman Gunston interviews Malcolm Muggeridge; Frank Hardie; The Ink Spots; and Rudolf Nureyev. Gunston reports on the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games. Gunston concludes show with ABBA melody.

Series 3 episode 2
 * Norman Gunston interviews Julie Ismay, Miss Australia 1976; Michael Caine; Brenda Kristen; Tim Taylor; and Tony Greig (from BBC2 UK special). Norman attempts to speak with UK prime minister. Special report on Cambridge University life. Gunston concludes show with "A taste of water".

Series 3 episode 3
 * Norman Gunston interviews Australian Olympic team; Diana Trask; Margaret Fulton; and John Stonehouse. Norman's dreamtime: "How the garden hose got where it is today". Special report on storing food under the house. Gunston concludes show with "Howzat".

Series 3 episode 4
 * Norman Gunston interviews 1976 ABC chairman; Fred Daley; and Glenda Jackson. 1976 budget report. Royal marines song contest. Norman will do his best segment: "How hundreds and thousands are made". Report on farming in your own flat. Gunston concludes show with "Don't tell me what to say".

Series 3 episode 5
 * Norman Gunston interviews Leyland Brothers; John Sturgess; Donald Smith; and Mary Whitehouse. Gunston concludes show with "Jailhouse Rock".

Series 3 episode 6
 * Norman Gunston interviews Jack Brabham; and Malcolm Fraser. Gunston concludes show with "Piano Man".

Series 3 episode 7
 * Norman Gunston interviews Caroline Jones; Delilah; and Diana Dors (from BBC2 UK special). Marathon telethon 1976. Norman's dreamtime: "How the shaving cream gets in a lather". Gunston concludes show with duet with Delilah.

Series 3 episode 8
 * Norman Gunston interviews Vera Lynn, Margaret Thatcher, and George Davis. Keith Moon pours vodka bottle over Norman's head.

BBC2 1976 Norman Gunston special
(19 November 1976)
 * Michael Caine, Diana Dors, Tony Greig, Glenda Jackson, Malcolm Muggeridge, Diane Solomon.

1978–1979 ATN7 Episodes
Series 1 episode 1 (5 April 1978)
 * Interviews: Henry Winkler, Phil Silvers, Charles Collinson, Billy Carter. Guests include: John Singleton, and Colleen Hewett.

Series 1 episode 2 (1978)
 * Interviews: James Garner, James Franciscus, Robert Stack, Elke Summer. Guests includes: Bob Simpson, Judy Connelly, 'Saturday Night Fever' take off.

Series 1 episode 3 (1978)
 * Interviews: Dawn Fraser, Ian 'Molly' Meldrum, John Farnham and Martin Landau.

Series 1 episode 4 (11 October 1978)

Series 1 episode 5 (1978)

Series 2 episode 1 (1979)

Series 2 episode 2 (1979)

Series 2 episode 3 (29 August 1979)

Series 2 episode 4 (1979)

Series 2 episode 5 Xmas special (December 1979)

 * Summary: Norman Gunston's Christmas special includes take off of Blondies' single "Heart of Glass"; interviews with Karen Black; Lee Marvin; hippies in Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco; Leif Garrett; Elliott Gould; Henry Winkler; Ed Asner; George Segal; Zsa Zsa Gabor; Ricky Schroder; the Bee Gees; Robert Stigwood. Also shows Norman Gunston doing songs "Use Your Hanky" and a take-off of the "Rocky" theme.

Gunston's Australia 1981 ATN7 episodes
Series 1 episode 1 (February 1981)

 * Summary: Garry Mcdonald (Norman Gunston) in a runners starting position under a banner with 'GI book of records' wearing summer clothing and a backpack.

Series 1 episode 2 (1981)

 * Summary: Garry Mcdonald (Norman Gunston) wearing safari jacket and shorts crouching as he uses spakfilla on a red dirt hill. An Ansett-ana bag sits nearby (the same bag appears in the 1993 series).

Series 1 episode 3 (1981)

 * Summary: Garry Mcdonald (Norman Gunston) as Dr. Strange 1981; Grammy awards report.

Series 1 episode 4 (1981)

Series 1 episode 5 (1981)

Series 1 episode 6 (1981)

Series 1 episode 7 (1981)

Series 1 episode 8 (1981)

The Norman Gunston Show (1993)
(Seven Network – February to March 1993)

episode 1 episode 2 episode 3 episode 4 (hosted by Mary Coustas as Effie) episode 5 (hosted by Mary-Anne Fahey as "Kylie Mole") episode 6 (Top Gunston part 1) episode 7 (Top Gunston part 2)
 * Shirley MacLaine, Ian Botham, Dr John Hewson, musical guest Girlfriend, Gunston sings "Achy Breaky Heart"
 * Paul Mercurio, Billy Crystal, Julian Clary, musical guest Sonia Dada, Gunston sings "Simply Irresistible"
 * Guns N' Roses, Lionel Richie, Laurie and Noeline Donaher, musical guest Mahotella Queens, Gunston sings "I Will Always Love You"
 * Paul Keating, Bryan Brown, Sam Neill, Gough Whitlam, Warwick and Joanne Capper, Brian Austen Green, musical guests The Dukes
 * Jeff Fenech, Jane Flemming, Corbin Bernsen, Colonel Tom Parker, musical guest Peter Andre
 * repackaged highlights from previous series
 * repackaged highlights from previous series

title: Norman Gunston


text:
Talk:Fastlane (TV series)

Since the show has been canceled, most Fan pages have disappeared. If you are a Fastlane fan, and you want to meet some other fans--check out the Union

http://fastlaneunion.hyperboards.com/index.cgi

Raymond Ray's nickname
One of the pecularities of written English: How does one properly annotate Raymond Rays nickname "Ray-Ray"? Raymond "Ray-Ray" Ray? Ray(mond) Ray? Raymond "Ray" Ray? Tierlieb 18:19, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fastlane (TV series)


text:
User talk:Kotoviski

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Images
Thanks for uploading Image:Olympos lesbos.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images (on my talk page) and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, BrokenSegue 23:37, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Credits in images
Thank you for uploading many beautiful pictures to Wikipedia. I notice, however, that all but one of the images you've uploaded have a small blue "Kotoviski" somewhere in the picture. (The exception appears to be Image:Tacv1.jpg.) Please note that by the Wikipedia image use policy, user-created images may not have any credits in the image itself. If you can, please upload your pictures again, this time without the "Kotoviski" in the corner. If you have any questions, please let me know. —Bkell (talk) 05:29, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Images
Thank you for your service to Wikipedia by uploading excellent images for use in articles. however, I note that all but one of the images you have uploaded contain a small blue watermark reading Kotoviski. this is a violation of Wikipedia Policy. as such, please upload a copy of the images without the watermark, or perhaps remove the images and find a suitable replacement. if you have any questions, don't hesitate to drop a note on my Talk page. --Master Runner 04:49, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Żubr i Klub Otrycki
Mam sprawe zwiazana ze zdjeciem, umieszczonym przez Ciebie w Wikizasobach - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wisent.jpg :).

Wraz ze znajomymi z bieszczadzkiego Klubu Otryckiego (http://www.otryt.bieszczady.pl), opiekujacego sie Chata Socjologa postanowiliśmy wytyczyc i oznakowac pierwsza w ukrainskich Bieszczadach sciezke dydaktyczna (historyczno-przyrodniczą). Przygotowujemy ja wspolnie z Ukraincami ze Starego Sambora, w okolicy ktorego bedzie ta sciezka. Sciezka bedzie sie skladac z 10 tablic, z czego czesc bedzie poswiecone faunie i florze Bieszczad. Na jednej z tablic chcielibysmy wykorzystac Twoja, powyzej wymieniona, grafike. Z uwagi na oczywiste ograniczenia miejsca na tablicy (na ktorej bedzie takze kilka innych grafik i opisow fauny/flory) nie jestesmy w stanie zamiescic na niej tekstu licencji GNU, czy nawet CC. Czy wyrazilabys zatem zgode na umieszczenie tej grafiki na tablicy jedynie z podaniem Twojego autorstwa (imie i nazwisko, wikipseudonim lub w innej formie)?

Bede wdzieczny za szybka odpowiedz:)

Patryk Slowicki

Patryk 22:12, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedysta Avadoro (PL) - http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedysta:Avadoro

e-mail: patryk TU.WSTAW.AT samorzad.uw.edu.pl

Image:L-410 aircraft.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:L-410 aircraft.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —Nv8200p talk 13:55, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Żubr i Klub Otrycki raz jeszcze
I czy byloby mozliwe uzyskanie od Ciebie tego zdjecia w wyzszej rozdzielczosci (1200x1200, ew. 900x900)? Bylbym bardzo wdzieczny :).

Pozdrawiam Patryk Slowicki

Speedy deletion of Marek garztecki
A tag has been placed on Marek garztecki requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. xenocidic (talk) 13:39, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

The article that was deleted contained no assertion that the subject is notable. Biographies of non-notable persons are deleted on a regular basis. If you believe that he is notable, then consider creating a version of the article with citations of evidence of his notability, as well as an explicit assertion of that notability. The deleted item lacked both of those. We have plenty of non-notable journalists here in Wisconsin, some of them of Polish heritage (not me, although I do speak Esperanto, which was invented in Białystok); articles about them would have been deleted just as quickly. Although I am more conscious than most about the cultural biases inherent in the English Wikipedia's contents, nobody here has any bias against the Polish people or their journalists. -- Orange Mike  |   Talk  21:40, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

Re: Deleting stub "Marek Garztecki"
The article didn't assert any kind of notability and I did in fact search and didn't find a single news article on the individual. P.S. I'm not American. If you had spent even half a second looking at my userpage before you launched your personal attack, you would know that. I suggest you look at Wikipedia's criteria for entries and ensure you assert notability in future article. Best regards, xenocidic (talk) 22:03, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

NPA
Please see Wikipedia's no personal attacks policy. Comment on content, not on contributors. Personal attacks damage the community and deter users. Note that continued personal attacks will lead to blocks for disruption. Please stay cool and keep this in mind while editing.

73 (magazine)
Hi Henryk. Regarding the material you added in this edit; unfortunately Wikipedia WP:V verifiability policy requires that our article content be verifiable in reliable secondary sources. The reference you supplied appears limited to its own view of the subject and can't be quoted in broad, universal terms. Have the details you wish to add regarding nonpayment of authors been covered in a newspaper, magazine, or professional journal? - LuckyLouie (talk) 16:59, 10 April 2012 (UTC)

Thank You for the Wikipedia Picture
Hello, My name is Duane Hurst and I recently made a free (non-commercial) English web site to share information with people. I added links to your Wikipedia/Wikimedia freeware picture (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wisent.jpg). I also gave credit to you on my web pages for your work. Thank you for sharing with the public. My website is:

http://www.freeenglishsite.com/

I add pictures such as yours to one of the following major sections of my site: 1. World section - contains information and over 10,000 images of every world country and territory. Link at: http://www.freeenglishsite.com/world/index.htm

2. USA section - contains information and images of every USA state and territory. Link at: http://www.freeenglishsite.com/world/usa/index.htm

3. English section - "Mel and Wes" lessons in conversation format. Stories are located in various USA states and world countries such as China, England, Germany, Japan, Mexico and Thailand. Each lesson has many slang terms and idioms, which I link to my Slang Dictionary. This eventually will have over 5,000 terms. Currently, it has about 3,000 slang and idioms. I regularly add new lessons and slang terms. Link at: http://www.freeenglishsite.com/english/lessons/index.htm Slang Dictionary link at: http://www.freeenglishsite.com/english/slang/Eslang_a.htm

Prior to retirement, I taught English at several private and public universities in the United States.

Please share this free site with your friends. I hope all will enjoy the pictures and find the English information useful. Sincerely, Duane Hurst in Utah, USA

Email address: duanerhurst@freeenglishsite.com --75.169.5.71 (talk) 16:57, 13 December 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Lietuva012.jpg

The file File:Lietuva012.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "unused, low-res, no obvious use"

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This bot DID NOT nominate any file(s) for deletion; please refer to the page history of each individual file for details. Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 01:01, 11 May 2020 (UTC)

File:Lietuva012.jpg listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Lietuva012.jpg, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. --Minorax «¦talk¦» 10:02, 14 August 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kotoviski


text:
Gothenburg City Hall

The Gothenburg City Hall (Göteborgs rådhus) is located in Gothenburg, Sweden. It was designed in the Beaux-Arts style and was used primarily as a law court until 2010.

The older building was built circa 1670. The architect was Nicodemus Tessin the Elder. The newer part was finished in 1936 after the design and supervision by architect Gunnar Asplund.

title: Gothenburg City Hall


text:
Ploegsteert Wood

Ploegsteert Wood was a sector of the Western Front in Flanders in World War I, part of the Ypres Salient. It is located around the Belgian village of Ploegsteert, Wallonia.

After fierce fighting in late 1914 and early 1915, Ploegsteert Wood became a quiet sector where no major action took place. Units were sent here to recuperate and retrain after tougher fighting elsewhere, and before returning to take part in more active operations. British Tommies referred to Ploegsteert Wood as "Plugstreet Wood". From January to May 1916, Winston Churchill served in the area as Commanding Officer (Lieutenant-Colonel) of the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers.

There are numerous Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) cemeteries and memorials around the wood, including the Hyde Park Corner (Royal Berks) CWGC Cemetery and the Berks CWGC Cemetery Extension with the Ploegsteert Memorial to the Missing. The Ploegsteert Memorial commemorates more than 11,000 British and Empire servicemen who died during the First World War and have no known grave. It is one of several CWGC Memorials to the Missing along the Western Front. Those lost within the Ypres Salient without a known grave are commemorated at the Menin Gate and Tyne Cot Memorial to the Missing, while the missing of New Zealand and Newfoundland are honoured on separate memorials.

title: Ploegsteert Wood


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ike Awgu

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 16:01, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Ike Awgu
Does hosting a politics-oriented television show on a Canadian cable-network equivalent of C-SPAN establish notability? How about running for mayor and receiving 2.92% of the voters support? What if you're doing both of these things while currently enrolled as a student at Carleton University? Do these three things combined amount to being "notable enough" for inclusion on Wikipedia? GRider\talk 23:42, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, media personality + a run for public office = justified entry, Padraic 25 Fed 2005
 * Keep, Wikipedia should be the first to feature someone who has already done so much at so young an age and is sure to rise to national prominence in due course. prowsej 05:58, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, just under the bar of notability. Megan1967 01:59, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, he is also a columnist for the Ottawa Sun. I think it is foolish to even consider deleting this article. Running for the mayor of the capital city of Canada is certainly important in its own right! So is hosting a television show for that matter. Earl Andrew 03:06, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, concur with Megan. Running for mayor is not notable as anyone can do that. Hosting a TV show is only notable if the TV show itself is notable. Radiant! 12:22, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. He has done a few notable things, and is likely to be around for quite a while. Are we running out of space here? Is his article taking up real estate that could be used for something else? Of course not. If there can be bunches of pages dedicated to computers and fantasy games, surely there can be pages dedicated to political also-rans and media personalities, and especially to people who are both. Kevintoronto 18:54, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep --Spinboy 18:57, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Borderline keep. His accomplishments are somewhat notable given his age.  -- James Teterenko (talk) 19:59, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Does not meet my understanding of the recommended criteria for inclusion of biographies. A young candidate for local election who lost.  He's still several years older than the Ohio kid who ran for local mayor and won (and who also doesn't deserve an encyclopedia article though it did make a good news article).  Rossami (talk) 04:37, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It's certainly in need of improvement, but I can envision a scenario where people would come to Wikipedia looking for information about the subject.Fernando Rizo 04:41, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, although I hasten to point out mayoral candidates are not inherently notable just for being candidates; they need to have some additional criteria of notability. Hosting a television show with national exposure across Canada qualifies. Bearcat 06:56, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Easily falls within the bounds of notability. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)  23:18, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
John Laurie

John Paton Laurie (25 March 1897 – 23 June 1980) was a Scottish stage, film, and television actor. He appeared in scores of feature films with directors including Alfred Hitchcock, David Lean, Michael Powell and Laurence Olivier, generally playing memorable small or supporting roles. As a stage actor, he was cast in Shakespearean roles and was a speaker of verse, especially of Robert Burns. He is perhaps best remembered for his role in the sitcom Dad's Army (1968–1977) as Private Frazer, a member of the Home Guard.

Early life
Laurie was born on 25 March 1897 in Dumfries, Dumfriesshire, to William Laurie (1856–1903), a clerk in a tweed mill and later a hatter and hosier, and Jessie Ann Laurie (née Brown; 1858–1935). He attended grammar school at Dumfries Academy, then abandoned a career in architecture to serve in the First World War as a member of the Honourable Artillery Company. Upon demobilisation he trained to become an actor under Elsie Fogerty at the Central School of Speech and Drama, then based at the Royal Albert Hall, London. He made his debut on stage in 1921.

Theatre and radio
A prolific Shakespearean actor, Laurie made his first appearance on the London stage in 1922 at the Old Vic where he played many leading roles. Soon after joining the Old Vic Laurie became involved with the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon where he played such roles as Richard III, Othello and Macbeth. In only his second season at Stratford, Laurie got the chance to play Hamlet, which was almost unheard of for someone with such little experience. Laurie later said that he believed that his performance of the role was the definitive version, saying "That's the way to play Hamlet, don't wait too long, like some of the boys are doing today."

On radio, he created the role of John the Baptist in Dorothy L Sayers' cycle of plays The Man Born to Be King, and reprised the role in two further versions of the cycle. Laurie also played the part of MacDuff in a radio adaptation of Macbeth, with Ralph Richardson in the title role.

TV and film
Laurie's first film was the 1930 film Juno and the Paycock, directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Hitchcock next cast him as John the Crofter in 1935's The 39 Steps, a breakthrough role for Laurie in just his third film. In 1936 Laurie and fellow Old Vic alumnus Laurence Olivier made their first film appearance together in As You Like It. Laurie went on to appear in Olivier's three Shakespearean films, Henry V (1944), Hamlet (1948), and Richard III (1955). During the Second World War Laurie served in the Home Guard, experience that would be useful for later projects. Other roles included Peter Manson in Michael Powell's The Edge of the World (1937), Clive Candy's batman in Powell and Pressburger's The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943), a gardener in Medal for the General (1944), the farmer recruit in The Way Ahead (1944), and the brothel proprietor in Fanny by Gaslight (1944). In the 1945 Powell and Pressburger film I Know Where I'm Going! he had a small speaking part in a céilidh sequence for which he was also credited as an adviser. In the next decade, he played the psychiatrist Dr. James Garsten in Mine Own Executioner (1947), the repugnant Pew in Disney's Treasure Island (1950), Angus in Pandora and the Flying Dutchman (1951), and Dr. MacFarlane in Hobson's Choice (1954).

In 1954, Laurie joined the Edinburgh Gateway Company to play the leading role in Robert Kemp's The Laird o' Grippy, a translation into Scots of Molière's L'avare.

Laurie's role as Private Frazer, the gaunt-faced, intense, pessimistic undertaker, and British Home Guard soldier in the sitcom Dad's Army (1968–1977) remains his best known TV role. Dad's Army co-star Frank Williams noted in his autobiography that Laurie had ‘a sort of love-hate relationship with the show’, as despite earning him a lot a money he felt that a sitcom was beneath him. Said Graham McCann in his book Dad's Army: The Story of a Very British Comedy: "John Laurie was cantankerous, he was rather mischievous, he was someone who enjoyed playing a kind of a professional pessimist." He featured in many British series of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s including Tales of Mystery, Doctor Finlay's Casebook, and The Avengers.

Laurie starred as Mad Peter in the Hammer film The Reptile (1966), and later appeared in The Abominable Dr. Phibes (1971), the Disney film One of Our Dinosaurs is Missing (1975), and The Prisoner of Zenda (1979). One of his last appearances was in Return to the Edge of the World (1978), in which Michael Powell revisited his film of forty years earlier. Laurie's final work was in the BBC Radio 2 comedy series Tony's (1979) along with Victor Spinetti and Deborah Watling.

Personal life
Laurie was married twice, first to Florence May Saunders, whom he met while at the Old Vic; she died from meningitis in 1926. His second wife was Oonah Veronica Todd-Naylor, who survived him. Together they had a daughter, Veronica (1939–2022).

Death
Laurie died in 1980, aged 83, from emphysema in the Chalfont and Gerrards Cross Hospital, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire. His body was cremated and his ashes were scattered in the English Channel. His widow Oonah (1901–1990) died ten years later.

title: John Laurie


text:
Red Cell

Red Teams or Red Cells are United States government terms for National Security Co-ordination Teams (NSCT). These teams or units are designed to test the effectiveness of American tactics or personnel. In a war game, Red Cell can also refer to the opposing side.

In 1984, Red Cell was formed after Richard Marcinko relinquished command of SEAL Team Six to Commander Robert Gormly. Red Cell members demonstrated the vulnerabilities of military bases and would regularly use false IDs, dismantle fences, barricade buildings, take hostages, and kidnap high-ranking personnel. Additionally, Red Cell planted bombs near Air Force One and snuck into submarine bases and took them over. Their operations were recorded and subsequently displayed to base personnel. This was done to expose vulnerabilities that they should patch.

The original Red Cell was a 14-man team composed of 13 former members of SEAL Team Six and one Force Recon Marine. The unit was also known as OP-O6D which had been organized to attempt to infiltrate and otherwise test the security of US military bases and other installations sensitive to US security interests.

The team was led by the former commander of SEAL Team Six (DEVGRU) Richard Marcinko until he was relieved of duty and charged with conspiracy, conflict of interest and misappropriating funds. Marcinko maintains that these were made-up allegations as part of a vendetta against him, due to anger felt at senior levels at how easily Marcinko and his team had infiltrated bases and procured top secret information from high-ranking individuals. A high-ranking Navy official cited in People magazine said there was no vendetta and that "the general take was that Red Cell was a good thing."

Realistic exercise scenarios executed around the world involved documentation using both civilian and military personnel. Remote, fixed and handheld, video cameras captured all aspects of the exercises and were used to compile quick-look after-action reviews as well as in-depth lessons learned catalogs.

The name was derived from "Red Team", a term for the opposing force in a war game by Western states during the Cold War, a reference to the predominantly red flags of Communist states (i.e., the USSR and PRC) with the Western forces being the Blue Team. The Warsaw Pact countries used the same colors, but reversed meaning—they were the Red Team and the opposing force was the Blue Team.

A new Red Cell team was formed by the CIA following the 9/11 attacks to brainstorm ways to attack America. The goal of renovating the former Red Cell team was to produce better security measures to prevent them. Novelist Brad Meltzer was recruited to write plots as part of this program.

1986 kidnapping incident
On March 20, 1986, Red Cell team members kidnapped Ronald D. Sheridan, a civilian security guard who worked at Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach in Southern California, as part of an exercise to test the defenses of the base. They took him to a nearby hotel, where he was held for 30 hours and tortured: stripped, kicked, beaten, and repeatedly dunked into a flushing toilet and a bathtub filled with water. While, in theory, the kidnapping could prove a weakness, actually committing the torture served no useful purpose. In addition, the kidnapping was not even successful as a show of weakness; Sheridan's wife saw the suspicious men with a van and neutralized them with her own pistol. She was prevented from shooting the would-be kidnappers by her husband calling her off and insisting it was part of an exercise, as he thought at the time it would be a brief matter. Since Sheridan was not naval personnel, he sued the government afterward.

title: Red Cell


text:
River Crake

The River Crake is a short river in the English Lake District. The name probably derives from the Celtic languages (most likely Brythonic languages; ie Cumbric language) and means rocky stream. The river drains Coniston Water from its southernmost point and flows for about 6 miles (9.5 km) in a southerly direction before joining the upper estuary of the River Leven at Greenodd. The river is in the historic county of Lancashire, but in an area that formed part of the county Cumbria after the 1974 reorganisation of local government.

The villages of Water Yeat, Blawith, Lowick Bridge, Spark Bridge and Penny Bridge are located close to the river in the Crake Valley. As well as receiving the outflow from Coniston the river also drains Beacon Tarn in the Blawith Fells above the southern end of Coniston.

In the 19th century numerous industries including a cotton mill and iron foundry flourished along the river, making use of the fast flowing water to drive machinery. A bobbin mill at Spark Bridge, which manufactured wooden bobbins for the Lancashire cotton industry, used water-powered lathes to turn the wood. The factory survived into the 1970s using Gilkes water turbines to generate electricity and turn the lathes. The factory was eventually forced to close by the punitive water usage charges levied by the North West Water Authority. Today there are no obvious signs of any of the riverside industries.

The Crake is a noted salmon river.

The River Crake is the model for the Amazon River in Arthur Ransome's Swallows and Amazons series of children's novels according to Hugh Brogan, although the Crake flows out of Coniston Water but the Amazon flows into the Lake. The Allan Tarn at the beginning of the river became the Octopus Lagoon.

title: River Crake


text:
Talk:Milton S. Hershey

Needs more information
this artical nrd mo info ok — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.8.45.79 (talk) 23:41, 17 February 2005 (UTC)

 * the info is pretty good — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.134.63.52 (talk) 01:09, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

 * i agree with both..a little more information would be nice, such as who owns the business now, it needs more recent information — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.62.218.203 (talk) 20:48, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * it does need mo info — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.100.171.179 (talk) 22:50, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

 * It needs to tell a quote from him — Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.38.102.3 (talk) 17:02, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Be bold! --Thisisbossi 10:01, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The info on here is pretty weak. There's only a date of death with no cause (even if it was natural) and no real exploration on his life. A lot of insperation could be taken from documentries on television or buying a DVD from A&E, the History Channel or another network. And could someone at least put a picture up of him or even his grave sight?

 * By the way the above comment was left my myself, I recently remebered my password.My eyes see all 03:35, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

Medical Center
I don't have the time to find "verifiable" info on this, but Milton Hershey did not build the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. The Hershey Trust Co. used the M.S. Hershey Foundation as a conduit to donate the money. It was built well after Milton Hershey's death. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.254.198.242 (talk) 01:07, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The Hershey Company's major owner is the Hershey Trust Co., who controls the assets of the Milton Hershey School, the school Milton Hershey founded. The remainder of the stock is publicly held. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.254.198.242 (talk) 01:10, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, what's going on now would be really, really nice, especially for those of us who have to do SCHOOL REPORTS on him and the company. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.206.107.229 (talk) 17:11, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Category Jewish Americans
I would delete this since it was not sourced. Any thoughts? Thanks--Tom 02:15, 23 December 2006 (UTC)
 * He isn't Jewish at all. Mennonite Germanic and the like. The category was just added by that anon who is trying to muscle up the "Jewish American businesspeople" list for his own special reasons, no doubt. I removed the Swiss and German categories also. Although they are likely true, they were unsourced. And besides, the Hersheys have been in the US for a couple of generations before Milton's birth. Mad Jack 06:47, 24 December 2006 (UTC)
 * His ancestry was Swiss. This is commemorated by a huge mural map of Switzerland in the Hershey Lodge...or WAS...I haven't been in there in ages. But I'd have to look for footnotable sources on this...don't think you can cite a wall decoration. PurpleChez (talk) 18:40, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

According to "History and Records of the Hershey Family from the year 1600" written in 1913 after a family reunion in 1908 (sponsored by Milton), the writer, Scott F Hershey, traces the Hershe (Hirsch, Herschel, etc) family to Jewish decent, first migrating to Italy, and then Switzerland where they converted to Christianity in the 1600s. But labeling Milton Hershey Jewish based on that would be a stretch. Interesting history though. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mikezung (talk • contribs) 06:48, 2 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Well that genealogy is bogus. According to Family Tree DNA's "Mennonite and Amish Immigrants - Y-DNA Classic Chart," the Hersey/Hershey/Hirschi lines of Switzerland/Germany all fall under the same Y-DNA subclade:
 * R1b1a1a2-M269 > L23 > L51 > L151 > P312 > DF99 > FGC16982 > S16136 > FGC16979 > FGC55515 > BY62958 > BY98354
 * This is a non-Jewish Y-DNA line that's a part of the greater R1b-DF99 subclade, which is found in various European ethnic groups, especially those from Northern, Northwestern, and Central Europe. Here's a link to FTDNA's Y-DNA chart: https://www.familytreedna.com/public/MennoniteandAmishImmigrants?iframe=yresults
 * Furthermore, Family Search has baptism records going back to 1510-1570 in the Swiss village of Appenzell, which demonstrate the baptisms of several Hersche/Herschi children. So in terms of both genealogy and Y-DNA, there is no evidence of a Jewish origin, in fact, in light of both of these factors it's an impossibility: https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/sources/KHND-6DF 2600:1700:DAE0:1AA0:992B:9F0A:C6D6:6D03 (talk) 03:49, 7 July 2023 (UTC)

Weak about Hershey's wife
The article is weak about Milton S. Hershey's wife.What desease killed her?I found some years ago, on an internet site, that she went to charlatans, but such as the doctors, they were useless. Agre22 (talk) 00:11, 8 June 2008 (UTC)agre22
 * This article is about Milton Hershey, not about his wife. Thus, it is weak on her life, that of his parents, and any other acquaintences he may have had.  It is weak because it is not about them, and only says enough to help fill out the description of the main topic, Milton Hershey himself. Loren.wilton (talk) 05:43, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

Catherine E. S. Hershey died of muscular dystrophy
The Hershey's wife, Mrs. Catherine Elizabeth Sweeney Hershey(1872-1915), died of muscular dystrophy in 1915.I think that Mrs. Hershey deserved, an article about her on wikipedia.On an internet site http://www.nndb.com/people/969/000160489/, I found some informations about Mrs. Hershey. Agre22 (talk) 23:26, 9 June 2008 (UTC)agre22

Agre22 - That's the first record I've seen discuss her illness. I believe most accounts say that she had lung problems, either cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis or chronic asthma/bronchitis. (They traveled quite a bit to find suitable climates, which would not fit with an MS-like illness.) --Typetive (talk) 17:54, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Hershey's wife was not Mrs. Cathrine Elizabeth Sweeney Hershey. It was Veronica Snavely, or Fanny as she was known by her friends and family. Cathrine E. S. Hershey must have been a Henry Hershey's mother or some other relationship like that. Checks Facts (Talk) 22:56, 22 December 2016 (UTC)

To clarify, Fanny or Fannie is his mother. Catherine or Katherine is his wife. His wife's mother is also Catherine. Henry is his father. This duscussion may be OBE but I wanted to chime in. SWP13 (talk) 04:42, 6 September 2018 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 16:05, 3 July 2008 (UTC) does it matter how she died. Geez!!! Give the lady a break. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.176.111.195 (talk) 19:00, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

Vandalism
I reverted the article back to the April 4, 2008 version, as it appeared that much of the article (about 6k) had gone missing due to vandalism. If any of the information had been removed intentionally, please comment here - and in your edit summary removing it - for future reference. I've also semi-protected the article for 2 weeks - if the vandalism resumes, please leave a message on my talk page and I'll re-protect it. Thank you. --Philosopher Let us reason together. 17:57, 12 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you . Checks Facts (Talk) 22:46, 28 December 2016 (UTC)

Founder's Hall
The acoustics in the Founder's Hall auditorium at the Milton Hershey school may well be the best in the world. A stage whisper can be heard in any of the 3000 seats. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.86.233.156 (talk) 04:33, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
 * It's been my understanding that Hershey's transfer of his stock to the school was made entirely in secret and that, when he died, he was technically penniless. Don't know how much of this is verifiable, but I always thought those were great details. PurpleChez (talk) 18:43, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

who was Mattie?
If I read and re-read very carefully, I can infer that Mattie was his aunt -- is that right? If that's correct then then the relationship should be made clear with the first mention of her name. Sorry for the nit-pick - it's a small but worthwhile point Cabbageears (talk) 16:18, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Mattie Snavely was Milton's aunt, you are correct. She was Veronica Snavely's sister Checks Facts (Talk) 22:40, 22 December 2016 (UTC)

Nonsensical sentence, poor punctuation/grammar, lack of antecedents
"Milton Hershey was born on September 13, 1857, to Veronica "Fanny" Snavely and Henry Hershey, in the tricks of caramels, Milton went back home to prove himself to his uncles, who had by then stopped aiding Milton financially and as Milton suspected had stopped believing in him too. He stopped by Chicago and sold some of his candy there too, but soon grew tired of the big city life and headed back to Lancaster, Pennsylvania leaving his father behind.

"Milton returning was a great joy for Mattie who loved Milton as if he were her own son. Milton's return was short-lived though. He soon left for New York."

- That first sentence makes NO SENSE WHATSOEVER. "In the tricks of caramels"??!!!

The writer here seems to have an aversion to commas. "Milton went back home to prove himself to his uncles, who had by then stopped aiding Milton financially and, as Milton suspected, had stopped believing in him, too." "... headed back to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, leaving..." "a great joy for Mattie, who loved Milton..." "Milton's return was short-lived, though. He soon left for New York." Better yet: "His return, however, was short lived; he soon left for New York."

Grammar: "Milton's return," not "Milton returning"

Who is Mattie?? There is no previous reference.

-

I couldn't bring myself to read beyond these two paragraphs of the article. I've not seen something this poor on any other Wikipedia entry.

Lms419 (talk) 02:12, 27 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Hello Lms419, That first sentence actually does make sense. When Milton Hershey took his first job, he began with the Lancaster Caramel Company. Mattie Snavely was Veronica Snavely's sister, or in other words, Milton Hershey's aunt. I will fix what you have brought up, as I have reliable resources to use.Checks Facts (Talk) 13:11, 25 December 2016 (UTC)

Incomplete (Resolved)
The article is incomplete. Under the Hershey Chocolate company section, at the last paragraph:

The factory was in the center of a dairy farmland, but with Hershey’s support, houses, businesses, churches, and a transportation infrastructure accreted around the plant. Because the land was surrounded by dairy farms, Hershey was able to use fresh milk to mass-produce quality milk chocolate. Hershey continued to experiment and perfect the process of

THE PROCESS OF WHAT?! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.112.56.127 (talk) 03:24, 2 October 2015 (UTC)

 * That part has been resolved, when I do not know, but I know that it is resolved. Checks Facts (Talk) 00:38, 23 December 2016 (UTC)

Milton Snavely Hershey
make that his name not milton s hershey — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.157.63.130 (talk) 13:07, 26 May 2016 (UTC)

he was a very good man — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.145.82.243 (talk) 15:48, 26 May 2016 (UTC)

Birthday discrepancies
According to the book "Hershey" by Michael D'Antonio, Milton Snavely Hershey's birthday is October 13, 1945 in Lebanon Valley, Pennsylvania. Is there a reason for this problem? Checks Facts (Talk) 23:26, 22 December 2016 (UTC)

Close call of the Titanic
I believe that the check is still on display, although how at "The Hershey Story," which replaced the old Hershey Museum a decade or so ago.... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 162.249.207.195 (talk) 19:36, 7 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Milton S. Hershey


text: User:Ta bu shi da yu/temp1

title: User:Ta bu shi da yu/temp1


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Andy the Clown

Andrew Rozdilsky Jr. (December 6, 1917 – September 21, 1995) was an American clown. As Andy the Clown, he was well-known for performing at Chicago White Sox games at the original Comiskey Park from 1960 to 1990.

Early life
Andrew Rozdilsky Jr., the youngest of five brothers and one sister, was born in Chicago to a family of Polish descent. Rozdilsky grew up on the Southwest Side of Chicago and began clowning at ten years old to amuse his family. As a teenager, Rozdilsky worked as a hot dog vendor at Comiskey Park. In the early 1940s, he worked as a drill press operator before being drafted into the U.S. Army in March 1942. He completed his military service in June 1943 when he was discharged due to a pre-existing medical condition. Upon returning to civilian life, Rozdilsky worked as a hearse driver before being hired as a research clerk at International Harvester. Rozdilsky also began working on the side as a clown in the 1940s, doing his routine at parties and luncheons and visiting numerous hospital patients.

Career
Although a lifelong White Sox fan and a clown since childhood, Rozdilsky only made his first appearance in costume at Comiskey Park in 1960. Rozdilsky dressed as a clown one day to amuse his friends from a local bowling league, and they encouraged him to attend a White Sox game with them in the outfit. Performing as Andy the Clown, Rozdilsky became popular with the crowd. By coincidence, Rozdilsky won White Sox season tickets for 1961 in a Knights of Columbus raffle, and soon began to attend almost every game as Andy the Clown. In the early part of his career, Rozdilsky had no official status and was not paid for his performances at White Sox games; he was only able to appear consistently because he happened to have won season tickets. Not restricting himself to baseball, Rozdilsky also occasionally clowned at other professional sporting events, including Chicago Bears games. In addition to his prolific appearances in Chicago, Rozdilsky was hired by Charlie Finley to perform at Oakland Athletics games at the new Oakland Coliseum for a short time in 1968.

As Andy the Clown, Rozdilsky's physical trademarks were a suit covered with polka dots and a battery-powered nose which would light up when he shook a child's hand. He was known for his distinctive cheer, "Come on, you White Sox!" He could hold the word "on" for over 45 seconds. Comedian Bob Newhart reportedly joked that Rozdilsky was louder than an air raid siren. Rozdilsky made some risqué jokes as Andy the Clown. During a White Sox–Cubs exhibition game in 1981, for instance, he sat on Chicago Mayor Jane Byrne's lap, put his arm around her, lit up his nose and said to her husband Jay McMullen, "Jay, your wife is turning me on."

In the 1980s, Rozdilsky came into conflict with White Sox management after the team was purchased by Jerry Reinsdorf and Eddie Einhorn. On August 27, 1981, the Sox returned from a road trip in first place, and the organization informed Rozdilsky that he would no longer be allowed to attend games dressed as a clown. At the same time, the team introduced new mascots Ribbie and Roobarb. The news was poorly received by the public. WLS-TV anchor Al Lerner led a public campaign demanding that Rozdilsky be allowed back as Andy the Clown and the White Sox reversed the decision within one day. From 1981, Rozdilsky became officially sanctioned by the team, now being paid a $1000-per-year stipend, but he was required to remain in the upper deck. Rozdilsky did not strictly observe this restriction, sneaking into the Golden Boxes when fans would call him by name. Rozdilsky alleged that ownership did not deliver on a promise of lifetime box seats, and so both he and the organization had breached their verbal contract. Despite the animosity, Rozdilsky commented, "You can be anti-Einhorn, but you can't be anti-Sox. I say, if you can't fight it, join 'em." Still, Rozdilsky was openly critical of management, even participating in rallies to keep the White Sox in Chicago as ownership proposed a move to the suburbs. Despite their conflict, the White Sox honored Rozdilsky before a game in 1985 for his 25 years of service.

The longevity of Rozdilsky's presence at White Sox games was notable. He attended all three All-Star games at Comiskey Park — in 1933, he was a vendor, in 1950, he was a fan, and in 1983, he was a clown. Rozdilsky took pains to appear even when it was difficult. He appeared at the 1980 home opener despite having suffered a heart attack shortly prior; he only missed one home opener between 1961 and 1990 (in 1989, due to the death of his wife). In 1983, Rozdilsky attended a game within an hour of being released from the hospital where he was being treated for a bleeding ulcer.

Rozdilsky was forced to retire at the conclusion of the 1990 season, the last played at the original Comiskey Park. On September 28, the White Sox presented Rozdilsky with a commemorative plaque; he commented sarcastically that he had wished for something more significant such as a new TV. Rozdilsky's daughter Ruth characterized the retirement as "tough", noting that "For a while [Andy] put the Cubs on at home."

After being forced into retirement, Rozdilsky continued to attend White Sox games at New Comiskey Park. No longer allowed into the stadium wearing his clown makeup, he instead wore a jacket which read "Andy the Clown". Rozdilsky continued to maintain his trademark cheers even after shedding his costume and upset team ownership by quietly accepting small tips for taking photos with fans. Rozdilsky continued to appear as Andy the Clown at community events until his death in 1995.

Death and legacy
Rozdilsky died on September 21, 1995, at his home on the Southwest Side of Chicago after suffering a heart attack. Rozdilsky was the last clown regularly associated with Major League Baseball. While Emmett Kelly and Max Patkin, among others, clowned prominently (especially in the 1940s and 1950s), Rozdilsky outlasted these other baseball clowns. Andy the Clown was the last MLB mascot to be an actual individual person as opposed to a costumed character, as well as the last to have an "outsider" or "grassroots" origin rather than being a creation of team management. With Rozdilsky's departure and passing, combined with the 1988 retirement of Ribbie and Roobarb — the mascots who, despite being intended to replace Andy, were outlasted by him — the White Sox would not have another mascot until the 2004 introduction of a new costumed mascot, Southpaw.

title: Andy the Clown


text:
Talk:Sylvester Graham

Mergers
Graham diet article merged with this one: See old talk-page here.

Grahamites article merged with this one: See old talk-page here.

Mike Hayes (talk) 17:10, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Ordained when?
Although The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and drink in America says that Graham was ordained in 1846 (I don't have it, so if you need more info you can ask User:Othello), I did a quick google search, and it looks like the information here before was correct, viz. He was ordained in 1826.(britannica 1911)(newer britannica, look at the summary 2nd to the bottom so you don't have to pay to see it ;) -Frazzydee|✍ 23:45, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I used the weblinks for most of my additions for this article on Graham, in addition to the OED of Food & Drink. The OED entry was helpful, and I did refer to it quite a bit. I am tempted to add the literary references that the OED author used, however, I question if this is appropriate - as I haven't read the books. In addition, I did not use any primary sources. For example, I did not go to research old newspapers (which are referred to in the article). I relied on other people's research, instead of doing my own. I think that is worth consideration in evaluating the article's content and for future revisions. Otto 16:33, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Dead, how?
The fact that Mr. Health Nut died at 58 piqued my interest; after some superficial research I can't find anything referring to his cause of death. If nobody knows then the article should say so. Would anybody with a more thorough knowledge of Graham know his cause of death?

Old death files get a new life By Trudy Tynan, Associated Press |  April 25, 2004

AMHERST -- When Sylvester Graham died in 1851 the cause of death was listed as "Congress waters and tepid baths." According to the records in Northampton City Hall, the eccentric health food pioneer remembered for inventing the graham cracker died at the age of 57 from drinking too much mineral water and ignoring his own advice to take bracing cold baths.

http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2004/04/25/old_death_files_get_a_new_life/
 * What does "congress waters" mean? Maikel (talk) 14:09, 22 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I would like to add to Maikel's questions asking also what does "bracing cold baths" mean? I looked up the word "brace" (i.e. 'to fasten tightly') and word for word I easily understand but the whole phrase, "bracing cold baths", what does it mean? --213.250.11.157 (talk) 09:14, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Shouldn't there be more written on his death? Also, what does "bracing cold baths" mean? --89.142.53.95 (talk) 12:26, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

Bracing means invigorating. Actio (talk) 04:23, 29 May 2017 (UTC)

Special K
The article says: "Graham influenced notable figures in America, including Horace Greeley and John Harvey Kellogg of Battle Creek Sanitarium fame, and founder of Kellogg's." It was actually John Harvey Kellogg's brother, Will Keith Kellogg that founded the company that became Kellogg Company after they argued. Here's the reference from the John Harvey Kellogg article:

With his brother, Will Keith Kellogg, they started the Sanitas Food Company to produce their whole grain cereals around 1897. ... John and Will eventually argued over the addition of sugar to the cereals and in 1906 Will started his own company called “the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company”, which eventually became the Kellogg Company. They never spoke to each other again. John then formed the Battle Creek Food Company to develop and market soy products.

74.108.134.84 06:10, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I'll remove the "founder of Kellogg's" part of the sentence. Tweisbach (talk) 04:14, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Merge Grahamites here
I propose that the article "Grahamites" should be merged here as it is essentially redundant. Could be made into an intro to this article here. What do you think? Maikel (talk) 13:25, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Merge Graham diet here
Same for Graham diet, it would make more sense as a chapter of this here article. Maikel (talk) 09:13, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

It would make a lot of sense in my opinion. After all, i hadnt even heard of the graham diet until reading the article on graham crackers. Cleave6 02:52, 29 July 2008 (EST)

health topic
perhaps a heading stating that the graham diet is not beneficial should be included, as spices such as peppers have positive health benefits, and page seems misleading towards this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.1.229.15 (talk) 10:59, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Confusing Sentence
The article states, "He died the following year, at the age of 57, in Northampton, Massachusetts, where a restaurant, Sylvester's, now sits on the former location of his house." I have rarely, in my life, seen so many, commas, in a sentence, of this, length. It's confusing, too. Does Sylvester's stand on the place where he died? Did he die at home? Was his house located at the site of Sylvester's when he died, or was it already the site of his "former" home by the time he died? I'm guessing it should read "He died the following year, at the age of 57, in Northampton, Massachusetts. A restaurant called 'Sylvester's' now sits on the former location of his house." But I'll leave it to someone else in case I've misunderstood the sentence.Sadiemonster (talk) 16:55, 19 February 2015 (UTC)

unsourced, moved here
The following is almost all unsourced and was moved here per WP:PRESERVE. Per WP:BURDEN please do not restore without finding independent, reliable sources, checking the content against them, and citing them, and ensuring that this content has appropriate WP:WEIGHT in the article overall.

Grahamites, as Graham's followers were called, accepted the teaching of their mentor with regard to all aspects of lifestyle. As such, they practiced abstinence from alcohol, frequent bathing, daily brushing of teeth, vegetarianism, and a generally sparse lifestyle. Graham also was an advocate of sexual abstinence, especially from masturbation, which he regarded as an evil that inevitably led to insanity. He felt that all excitement was unhealthful, and spices were among the prohibited ingredients in his diet. As a result, his dietary recommendations were inevitably bland, which led to the Grahamites consuming large quantities of graham crackers, a concept inspired by Graham's teachings. White bread was strongly condemned by Graham and his followers, however, as being essentially devoid of nutrition, a claim echoed by dietitians ever since. Some Grahamites lost faith when their mentor died at the age of fifty-seven. Other than the crackers, the Grahamites' major contribution to American culture was probably their insistence on frequent bathing. However, Graham's doctrines found later followers in the persons of Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and his brother Will Keith Kellogg. Their invention of corn flakes was a logical extension of the Grahamite approach to nutrition.
 * Grahamites

Grahamism was influential in the vegan movement. Sylvester Graham focused on meat and milk, which he believed to be the cause of sexual urges. In fact, he claimed animal byproducts produced lust; Grahamism thus rejected meat, animal byproducts, and alcohol in order to develop a purer mind and body.

Quite popular in the 1860s–1880s, Grahamism rapidly lost momentum and is now remembered mostly for its graham crackers, even though graham crackers do not resemble the graham bread he ate.

-- Jytdog (talk) 02:44, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

"Edenic diet" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Edenic diet and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 March 20 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Steel1943 (talk) 21:25, 20 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sylvester Graham


text:
Celtic religion

Celtic religion may refer to:

 * Ancient Celtic religion
 * Druidism
 * Celtic Christianity
 * Celtic Orthodox Church
 * Celtic Rite
 * Celtic Neopaganism
 * Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
 * Celtic Wicca
 * Neodruidism

title: Celtic religion


text: User:Ta bu shi da yu/temp2

title: User:Ta bu shi da yu/temp2


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kenya (movie)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was MERGE. dbenbenn | talk 15:58, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Kenya (movie)
Not notable. A Flash movie from Jonti Picking but less famous than Weebl and Bob or Magical Trevor. r3m0t 23:45, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 02:01, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep - I don't care for flash movies but I've heard of this one in multiple places. --SPUI (talk) 03:47, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Valid topic and on par with the other articles on internet phenomenon. --Andylkl 19:37, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Half keep. —RaD Man (talk) 11:32, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Am I allowed to change my old vote? Is so, I change it to Merge and redirect --DooMDrat 13:13, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with ... something ... and redirect - unless an article on Jonti hits 32K, there's no earthly reason for an article on each Weebl's Stuff video - David Gerard 23:53, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Jonti Picking, which is too short to justify splitting out stub articles on his individual works.   — Gwalla | Talk 01:33, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/redirect as above. Kappa 22:31, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User:Ta bu shi da yu/temp3

title: User:Ta bu shi da yu/temp3