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Bicycle lock

A bicycle lock is a security device used to deter bicycle theft, either by simply locking one of the wheels or by fastening the bicycle to a fixed object, e.g., a bike rack.

Locking devices vary in size and security, the most secure tending to be the largest, heaviest and least portable. Thus, like other security equipment, bicycle locks must balance the competing interests of security, portability, and cost. Some are made of particularly expensive materials chosen for their acceptable strength and low density.

U-locks and D-locks
A U-lock is a rigid metal ring in the shape of the letter U. The U part of the lock attaches to a crossbar section, and for this reason they are also called D-locks. To lock the bicycle, one locks it physically to some other object, such as a bike rack, parking meter or other pole installed securely in the solid ground. Merely locking the bike frame to the wheel is not recommended because, although it cannot be rolled away, the entire bicycle can still be lifted and carried away.

U-locks are more secure than most other kinds of locking mechanism because they are more resistant to cutting with high-leverage hand tools such as bolt cutters. A common brute force method to break open U-locks is to use a long length (perhaps 2 metre) of pipe to twist the lock open (although this method is more commonly used to defeat chain and cable locks).

Chain
A chain lock is a chain with a lock. It often has a key or a combination lock attached to it. A long enough chain can pass through both wheels, the frame and attach the bicycle to an immovable object. Because of their inherent flexibility, chains are easier to secure around tricky-shaped objects than D-locks.

Chains vary widely in their security level. If the chain is bought from a hardware store, it is most likely made from basic iron or steel and can easily be cut with a relatively inexpensive pair of bolt cutters. Chains specifically designed for bike security are often case hardened and may feature Hexagonal or Trapezoidal link surfaces more impervious to hand tools.

A chain is only as strong as its weakest link, which may be the lock itself. Although a cheap keyed or combination lock may be an appropriate match for a hardware store chain, a case-hardened security chain necessitates a specialized lock such as a monobloc padlock or mini u-lock. Compared to other locks, chains tend to be the heaviest solution, especially in the case of long and/or tough chains.

Cable locks

Cable locks are in many ways similar to chain locks. Cable locks often come with the locking mechanism already permanently integrated. Otherwise, a length of cable with loops on both ends can also be used.

The main advantage of cable locks over chains is the ease of transporting them. Simple cable locks, however, are only sufficient for use in low-risk areas. Even the largest diameter unprotected cable can be quickly cut with bolt cutters. More robust cable locks have overlapping steel jackets threaded over the cable. This can make it more difficult to cut the central cable.

Many cyclists use a long cable to secure bicycle components (such as the wheels or seat) in conjunction with a U-lock or padlock to secure the frame. Special strong cables are available which are made with a loop at each end continuous with the cable, which enable linking with a locking device.

A common design flaw among low-quality combination-lock cables allows thieves to peer into the grooves between the disks. This allows them to decipher the unlock combination while cycling through the individual numbers on each disk. Also, if the number of disks is low, the thief doesn't even need to peer into it and can simply use a brute-force attack (try every combination until it opens).

Wheel lock
Also called an O-lock, ring-lock or frame lock. This is a low security mechanism mounted on the frame that immobilizes the rear wheel by moving a steel bolt through the spokes to prevent motion.

An O-lock prevents riding the bicycle but does not, by itself, secure the bicycle to a stationary object. This type of lock is effective and convenient for securing a bicycle against opportunistic theft, when the bike is left unattended momentarily. It forces the thief to carry the bicycle. It is a common way to secure bicycles when someone is at home, if their company provides indoor bicycle parking, and at railway station parking.

The O-lock also conveniently secures the rear wheel: only locking the frame is needed, to secure both the frame and the rear wheel. Used in addition to a U-lock it can be a convenient second lock. Some models have an optional cable or chain that plugs into the body of the lock to enable the bicycle to be secured as well.

Smart locks
Smart locks use Bluetooth technology to allow a lock to be unlocked with a smartphone, and can send a notification if they are breached. Several smart bicycle locks have been produced through crowdfunding and sold as consumer products. Some bicycle-sharing systems also use them. Smart locks introduce added security risks through the possibility of hacking.

Disc rotor locks
Disc brakes are a popular braking system for bicycles, most notable for mountain bikes but recently there has been an increase in their popularity for road bikes, especially after the UCI approved them for use in professional races in May 2018.

Disc rotor locks have been popular for motorcyclists for many years but with the proliferation of bicycles now using them smaller, more compact versions for bicycles have been created. They work by inserting a metal pin through the hole in the disc rotor between the seatstay and chainstay, preventing the wheel from rotating and virtually immobilising the rear wheel. The locks themselves are small, metal devices that sit around the edge of the disc rotor and are locked with a key insertion.

Standards and tests
Test standards that rate the effective security of bicycle locks are provided by various companies and organizations, depending on location.

In the UK, a lock certified by Sold Secure or Thatcham is usually required in order to insure a bicycle or motorcycle against theft.

Tests carried out on behalf of Cycle magazine showed that all of the bicycle locks tested, which had a variety of certifications, could be broken in less than 42 seconds. Cables and chains were breached using either small cable cutters or 36″ bolt croppers, and D-locks were breached using a stubby bottle jack. Of the locks tested, five had a Sold Secure Gold rating, varying in price from £25 to £100. Two of these Gold rated locks withstood only 10 seconds of attack.

The Dutch consumer news show Kassa 3 published a four-minute show in which a former bicycle thief removed eight consumer-grade locks (cheaper than €30 / ≈$40) from a bike in times ranging from 10 to a maximum of 84 seconds. The locks included those from manufacturers ABUS, Hema and Halfords.

Effectiveness
Bicycle locks are only effective when they are used on secure objects. For example, a bicycle lock is useless when connected to a "sucker pole", which is a pole that gives the biker the appearance of security. A bicycle thief may target the bicycle because the pole can be quickly and easily dismantled, even in broad daylight.

title: Bicycle lock


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Talk:Robert Starer

Thanks for the article
Thanks for the article. I've made the french version: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Starer.

Blaujacket (talk) 17:37, 20 May 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Robert Starer


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Disneyland Railroad

The Disneyland Railroad (DRR), formerly known as the Santa Fe & Disneyland Railroad, is a 3-foot narrow-gauge heritage railroad and attraction in the Disneyland theme park of the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, in the United States. Its route is 1.2 mi long and encircles the majority of the park, with train stations in four different park areas. The rail line, which was constructed by WED Enterprises, operates with two steam locomotives built by WED and three historic steam locomotives originally built by Baldwin Locomotive Works. The ride takes roughly 18 minutes to complete a round trip on its main line when three trains are running, and 20 minutes when four trains are running. Two to four trains can be in operation at any time, three on average.

The attraction was conceived by Walt Disney, who drew inspiration from the ridable miniature Carolwood Pacific Railroad built in his backyard. The Disneyland Railroad opened to the public at Disneyland's grand opening on July 17, 1955. Since that time, multiple alterations have been made to its route, including the addition of two large dioramas in the late 1950s and mid-1960s. Several changes have been made to its rolling stock, including the conversion of one of its train cars into a parlor car in the mid-1970s, and the switch from diesel oil to biodiesel to fuel its locomotives in the late 2000s.

The railroad has been consistently billed as one of Disneyland's top attractions, requiring a C ticket to ride when A, B, and C tickets were introduced in 1955, a D ticket to ride when those were introduced in 1956, and an E ticket to ride when those were introduced in 1959. The use of E tickets stood until a pay-one-price admission system was introduced in 1982. With an estimated 6.6 million passengers each year, the DRR has become one of the world's most popular steam-powered railroads.

Attraction concept origins
Walt Disney, the creator of the concepts for Disneyland and the Disneyland Railroad, always had a strong fondness for trains. As a young boy, he wanted to become a train engineer like his father's cousin, Mike Martin, who told him stories about his experiences driving main-line trains on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. As a teenager, he obtained a news butcher job on the Missouri Pacific Railway, selling various products to train passengers, including newspapers, candy, and cigars. Many years later, after co-founding the Walt Disney Company with his older brother Roy O. Disney, he started playing polo. Fractured vertebrae and other injuries led him to abandon the sport on the advice of his doctor, who recommended a calmer recreational activity. Starting in late 1947, he developed an interest in model trains after purchasing several Lionel train sets.

By 1948, Walt Disney's interest in model trains was evolving into an interest in larger, ridable miniature trains after observing the trains and backyard railroad layouts of several hobbyists, including Disney animator Ollie Johnston. In 1949, after purchasing 5 acre of vacant land in the Holmby Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, he started construction on a new residence for himself and his family, and on the elaborate gauge ridable miniature Carolwood Pacific Railroad behind it. The railroad featured a set of freight cars pulled by the Lilly Belle, a 1:8-scale live steam locomotive named after Disney's wife Lillian and built by the Walt Disney Studios' machine shop team led by Roger E. Broggie. The locomotive's design, chosen by Walt Disney after seeing a smaller locomotive model with the same design at the home of rail historian Gerald M. Best, was based directly on copies of the blueprints for the Central Pacific No. 173, a steam locomotive rebuilt by the Central Pacific Railroad in 1872. The Lilly Belle first ran on the Carolwood Pacific Railroad on May 7, 1950. Walt Disney's backyard railroad attracted visitors interested in riding his miniature steam train, and on weekends, when the railroad was operating, he allowed them to do so, even allowing some to become "guest engineers" and drive the train. In early 1953, after a visitor drove the Lilly Belle too fast along a curve, causing it to derail and injure a five-year-old girl, Walt Disney, fearing the possibility of future accidents, closed down the Carolwood Pacific Railroad and placed the locomotive in storage.

Prior to the incident that closed his railroad, Walt Disney consulted with Roger Broggie about the concept of including his ridable miniature train in a potential tour of Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, north of Downtown Los Angeles. Broggie, believing that there would be limited visitor capacity for the attraction, recommended to Disney that he make the train bigger in scale. The idea of a studio tour was eventually replaced by the idea of an amusement park named Disneyland across the street from the studio, and in one of its first design concepts at that proposed location, a miniature steam train ride was included, as well as a larger, narrow-gauge steam railroad attraction. During this time, Disney proposed that the narrow-gauge Crystal Springs & Southwestern Railroad, which the nearby Travel Town Museum in Griffith Park planned to build, be extended to run through Disneyland. Planned construction of the Ventura Freeway across land between the two sites, and rejection by the Burbank City Council of a new amusement park in their city, led Disney to look for a different location to build the park and its narrow-gauge railroad.

Planning and construction
By 1953, 139 acre of orchard land in Anaheim in Orange County, southeast of Downtown Los Angeles, were chosen as the location for the planned Disneyland park, and on August 8, Walt Disney drew the triangular route for the future Disneyland Railroad (DRR) on the park's site plan. After financing for Disneyland was secured and all of the parcels of land at the Anaheim site were purchased, construction of the park and its railroad began in August 1954. In order to cut costs, a sponsorship deal was arranged with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (AT&SF), and when it was finalized on March 29, 1955, the DRR was officially named Santa Fe & Disneyland Railroad. The DRR was known by that name until September 30, 1974, when the AT&SF Railway's sponsorship ended.

Prior to the start of construction of the DRR, in the hope of saving money by buying already-existing trains for the attraction, Walt Disney tried to buy a set of gauge ridable miniature locomotives from William "Billy" Jones, but after Jones declined his offer, Disney decided that he wanted the railroad's rolling stock to be bigger and made from scratch. For this task, Disney again turned to Roger Broggie, who was confident that he and the Walt Disney Studios' machine shop team could use the design for Disney's 1:8-scale miniature Lilly Belle locomotive and enlarge it to build the DRR's locomotives. The exact size of the rolling stock for the new railroad was determined after Disney saw a set of narrow-gauge Oahu Railway and Land Company passenger cars that had recently arrived at the Travel Town Museum, whose dimensions Disney found to be favorable. The scale of the design for the DRR's passenger cars, based on the narrow-gauge passenger cars at the Travel Town Museum, was nominally 5:8-scale when compared to the size of  rolling stock. The same scale was also chosen for the steam locomotives planned for the DRR, and when its locomotives and passenger cars were completed and paired with its narrow-gauge track, the railroad had nearly identical proportions to those of a conventional standard gauge railroad.

Through WED Enterprises, a legally separate entity from Walt Disney Productions, Walt Disney retained personal ownership of the DRR and financed the creation of two trains to run on it in time for Disneyland's opening day. The names of both trains contained the word Retlaw, which is Walter spelled backwards. The first train, referred to by Disneyland employees as Retlaw 1, would be pulled by the No. 2 locomotive, which was given a turn-of-the-20th-century appearance with a straight smokestack (typical of coal-burning locomotives), a circular headlamp, and a small cowcatcher. The No. 2 locomotive would pull six 1890s-style passenger cars designed by Bob Gurr, consisting of a combine car, four coaches, and an observation coach. The second train, referred to by Disneyland employees as Retlaw 2, would be pulled by the No. 1 locomotive, which was given a late-19th-century appearance with a spark-arresting diamond smokestack (typical of wood-burning locomotives), a rectangular headlamp, and a large cowcatcher. The No. 1 locomotive would pull six freight cars consisting of three cattle cars, two gondolas, and a caboose. Walt Disney Studios built the train cars and most of the parts for the locomotives; Dixon Boiler Works built the locomotive boilers, and Wilmington Iron Works built the locomotive frames. Both locomotives were designed to run on diesel oil to generate steam. Final assembly of the locomotives and their tenders took place at the Disneyland site in the DRR's new roundhouse, which was built in one week by a construction crew directed by Park Construction Administrator Joe Fowler, a former US Navy rear admiral. The two original DRR trains cost over $240,000 to build, with the two locomotives costing over $40,000 each.

Before the opening of Disneyland, a station in the Main Street, U.S.A. section and a station in the Frontierland section were built for the DRR. Main Street, U.S.A. Station, an example of Second Empire-style architecture, was built at the entrance to Disneyland using an original design that incorporated forced perspective elements on its upper levels to make it appear taller. Frontierland Station was built based on the design of the depot building located on the Grizzly Flats Railroad, a full-size narrow-gauge railroad owned by Disney animator Ward Kimball in his backyard. Besides the depot building, the DRR's functioning water tower was also built at Frontierland Station.

Railroad-building expert Earl Vilmer created the track layout and operations for the DRR. Roger Broggie hired Vilmer because of his experience building railroads in Iran for the Allies during World War II, in France after the war, and later in Venezuela for U.S. Steel. Vilmer designed the operations of the DRR in such a way that each of its two trains would be assigned to a single station on the rail line, making only complete round trips possible. The Retlaw 1 passenger train pulled by the No. 2 locomotive only serviced Main Street, U.S.A. Station while the Retlaw 2 freight train pulled by the No. 1 locomotive only serviced Frontierland Station, and with sidings at both stations, each train would operate simultaneously and continue down the rail line even if the other train was stopped at its station. The first test run of the DRR's trains along the full length of its route occurred on July 10, 1955, one week before Disneyland's opening. The steam trains of the DRR were the first of Disneyland's attractions to become operational.

On July 17, 1955, Disneyland and the Disneyland Railroad opened, and the day began with Walt Disney driving the DRR's No. 2 locomotive and its passenger train into Main Street, U.S.A. Station with California Governor Goodwin J. Knight and AT&SF Railway President Fred Gurley riding in the locomotive's cab. They were greeted at the station's platform by the park opening ceremony's host Art Linkletter, actor Ronald Reagan, and several television camera crews broadcasting the festivities nationwide. After exiting the locomotive, Linkletter briefly interviewed Disney, Knight, and Gurley before they walked towards the town square in the Main Street, U.S.A. section where Disney officially dedicated Disneyland. The DRR eventually became one of the most popular steam-powered railroads in the world with an estimated 6.6 million passengers each year.

Additions in the late 1950s
Shortly after the Disneyland Railroad opened, A, B, and C tickets were introduced in Disneyland for admission to its rides, and C tickets, the highest-ranked tickets, were required to ride the DRR. These tickets were joined by the higher-ranked D ticket in 1956, and D tickets from that point forward were needed to gain access to the DRR.

One of the first additions to the DRR occurred in March 1956 when new covered shelters were built on each end of Frontierland Station's depot building. The shelters were added after the DRR's track on the western edge of its route, and the depot building standing next to it, were moved outwards.

Also during 1956, the Fantasyland Depot, a new station with a Medieval theme and consisting of a covered platform with no station building, was created for the DRR in the Fantasyland section. By the time this new station was added, the DRR's system of having one train assigned to a single station and using sidings to pass trains stopped at stations was abandoned and replaced by the current system where each train stops at every station along the railroad's route. Fantasyland Depot was removed by July 1966 when the It's a Small World attraction, originally built for the 1964 New York World's Fair, was installed.

By 1957, the DRR was becoming overwhelmed by ever-increasing crowds; Disney determined that a third train was needed. Instead of having another locomotive built from scratch to pull the train, Disney believed that costs could be saved by purchasing and restoring an already-existing narrow-gauge steam locomotive, and the job of finding one was given to Roger Broggie. With the assistance of Gerald Best, a suitable locomotive was found in Louisiana; it had been built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1894, had previously been used as a switcher at a sugar cane mill in Louisiana owned by the Godchaux Sugar Company, and was initially used by the Lafourche, Raceland & Longport Railway in Louisiana. After its purchase, the locomotive was delivered to the Walt Disney Studios' machine shop where restoration work began, which included installing a new boiler built by Dixon Boiler Works and having its firebox reconfigured to burn diesel oil for fuel to generate steam. This locomotive became the DRR's No. 3 locomotive and it went into service on March 28, 1958, at a cost after restoration of more than $37,000. Joining the No. 3 locomotive when it went into service were five new open-air Narragansett-style excursion cars with front-facing bench seating collectively referred to by Disneyland employees as the Excursion Train, which was designed by Bob Gurr and built at Walt Disney Studios.

On March 31, 1958, the No. 3 locomotive participated in the inauguration ceremony for the DRR's Grand Canyon Diorama, which features a foreground with several lifelike animals, a background painted by artist Delmer J. Yoakum on a single piece of seamless canvas measuring 306 ft long by 34 ft high, and musical accompaniment from Ferde Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite. Located inside a tunnel on the DRR's route, the diorama was claimed by Disneyland to be the longest in the world, and during its inauguration it was blessed by Chief Nevangnewa, a 96-year-old Hopi chief. The diorama cost over $367,000 and took 80,000 labor hours to construct.

The addition of the Grand Canyon Diorama in 1958 prompted changes to the Retlaw 2 freight train pulled by the DRR's No. 1 locomotive, which involved adding side-facing bench seating pointed towards Disneyland and red-and-white striped awnings on all of the cattle cars and gondolas. The walls on the cattle cars facing the park were also removed to allow for better views of the diorama. That same year, a third gondola with the same modifications as the other gondolas was added, and a fourth gondola with the same attributes was added in 1959. This brought the total number of freight cars in the train set, now referred to by Disneyland employees as Holiday Red, to eight. Prior to these modifications, the cattle cars and gondolas of this train set had no seating, requiring passengers to stand for the duration of the ride. Despite safety concerns voiced by Ward Kimball related to the lack of seats on these train cars, Walt Disney, for the purpose of authenticity, had insisted that there be no seats on them; he wanted the passengers to feel like cattle on an actual cattle train.

In April 1958, Tomorrowland Station, a new station with a futuristic theme and consisting of a covered platform with no station building, was built in the Tomorrowland section for the DRR. The station was updated in 1998 as part of a redevelopment of the Tomorrowland section.

Around the same time that the No. 3 locomotive was placed into service in 1958, Roger Broggie decided that a fourth locomotive was needed for the DRR. After Walt Disney concurred, Broggie once again began searching for a narrow-gauge steam locomotive to purchase and restore. Broggie eventually found an advertisement in a rail magazine offering a suitable locomotive for sale in New Jersey, and after contacting the seller, Broggie passed on the information to Gerald Best to research the locomotive. Best was able to determine that the locomotive had been built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1925, that it had previously been used to pull tourist trains on the Pine Creek Railroad in New Jersey, and that it had been initially used by the Raritan River Sand Company in New Jersey. After its purchase, the locomotive was delivered to the Walt Disney Studios' machine shop where restoration work began, which included installing a new boiler built by Dixon Boiler Works and adding a new tender built by Fleming Metal Fabricators designed to hold diesel oil. This locomotive became the DRR's No. 4 locomotive and it went into service on July 25, 1959, at a cost after restoration of more than $57,000. 1959 was also the year in which E tickets arrived, and the attractions deemed to be the best in the park required them, including the DRR.

Changes since 1960
To have sufficient space for the planned New Orleans Square section, the Disneyland Railroad's track on the western edge of its route was expanded outwards again in 1962, Frontierland Station's depot building in that same vicinity was moved across the DRR's track, and a covered platform with no station building was built on the opposite side to serve as the new Frontierland Station. Although the station was no longer in the Frontierland section, its name was not changed to New Orleans Square Station until September 1996.

By 1965, the six passenger cars of the DRR's Retlaw 1 train, due to their slow passenger loading and unloading times, began to be phased out of service. In July 1974, the Retlaw 1 passenger cars were retired and stored in the DRR's roundhouse, except for the Grand Canyon observation coach, which was converted into a parlor car and renamed Lilly Belle after Walt Disney's wife Lillian. The Lilly Belle was given a new exterior paint scheme and a new interior, which included varnished mahogany paneling, velour curtains and seats, a floral-patterned wool rug, and Disney family pictures framed and hung on the walls. The first official passenger to come aboard the Lilly Belle after its conversion into a parlor car in September 1975 was Japanese Emperor Hirohito, and since then it can be regularly seen coupled on the ends of the DRR's trains. In 1996, rail collector Bill Norred acquired the five other Retlaw 1 passenger cars. Norred died two years later, and in 1999 his family sold the four coaches of the former Retlaw 1 passenger train to Rob Rossi, owner of the Pacific Coast Railroad located within Santa Margarita Ranch in Santa Margarita, California, leaving only the Retlaw 1 combine car in the Norred family's possession. On July 10, 2010, the Norred family sold the Retlaw 1 combine car to the Carolwood Foundation, which restored it and put it on display next to Walt Disney's Carolwood Barn within the Los Angeles Live Steamers Railroad Museum complex in Los Angeles' Griffith Park.

In 1966, a five-gondola train set with green-and-white-striped awnings and a five-gondola train set with blue-and-white-striped awnings, referred to by Disneyland employees as Holiday Green and Holiday Blue respectively, were added to the DRR's rolling stock. Both train sets had side-facing bench seating like the Holiday Red freight train. By the time that the new Holiday Green and Holiday Blue trains sets were introduced in 1966, the DRR's original roundhouse, located on the end of a spur line connected to the main line near the Rivers of America in the Frontierland section, had been replaced by a larger roundhouse, located on the end of a new spur line connected to the main line in the Tomorrowland section. The new roundhouse, where the DRR's locomotives and train cars are stored and maintained, was also built to house the storage and maintenance facility for the Disneyland Monorail.

The DRR's Primeval World Diorama was put on display later in 1966, adjacent to the Grand Canyon Diorama. One year prior, the DRR's track on the eastern edge of its route had been expanded outwards to accommodate the diorama's construction. The Audio-Animatronic dinosaurs from Ford's Magic Skyway, one of the attractions created by Disney for the 1964 New York World's Fair, were incorporated into the diorama, including a Tyrannosaurus confronting a Stegosaurus. The diorama was one of the last additions made to the DRR, and Disneyland in general, before the death of Walt Disney on December 15, 1966.

From 1982, A, B, C, D, and E tickets were discontinued in favor of a pay-one-price admission system for Disneyland, allowing visitors to experience all of the park's attractions, including the DRR, as many times as desired. In June 1985, the new Videopolis Station, consisting of a covered platform with no station building, was constructed in the Fantasyland section for the DRR. That same year, the DRR's track on the northern edge of its route was expanded outwards in order to make room for the new Videopolis stage. With the Mickey's Toontown expansion of the park, Mickey's Toontown Depot, a cartoon-themed depot building, replaced Videopolis Station in 1993.

Out of a desire to have four trains regularly running at once each day on the DRR, in the mid-1990s the Disneyland park began to search for an additional narrow-gauge steam locomotive to add to the railroad's rolling stock. One such locomotive was acquired from Bill Norred in 1996 in exchange for the combine car and four coaches from the DRR's retired Retlaw 1 passenger train set, but after the park received it, the new locomotive was deemed to be too large for the DRR's operations. In 1997, it was sent to the Walt Disney World Railroad in the Magic Kingdom park of Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida, where the locomotive was dedicated, despite being too small for the railroad's operations, and named after Disney animator and rail enthusiast Ward Kimball. Still needing a fifth locomotive for the DRR, the park traded the Ward Kimball locomotive in 1999 to the Cedar Point & Lake Erie Railroad in the Cedar Point amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio, for a new locomotive suitable for the railroad. Named Maud L., the locomotive was built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1902 and was originally used to haul sugar cane at the Laurel Valley Sugar Plantation in Louisiana owned by the Barker and Lepine Company. After arriving in Disneyland, the Maud L., later renamed Ward Kimball like the locomotive for which it was traded, was given a new cab built by Disney and a new boiler built by Hercules Power, which was subcontracted by Superior Boiler Works.

Due to budget issues, the restoration of the locomotive was suspended not long after its arrival, and its parts were planned to be placed in long-term storage in late 2003. The Ward Kimball locomotive's restoration efforts were resurrected soon after, when it was decided that its addition to the DRR would be incorporated into the celebration of Disneyland's fiftieth anniversary in July 2005. In late 2004, Boschan Boiler and Restorations in Carson, California, led by Paul Boschan, a former roundhouse manager and engineer at the Roaring Camp & Big Trees Narrow Gauge Railroad in Felton, California, was awarded the contract to complete the restoration of the Ward Kimball. The restoration work performed included installing new driving wheels, attaching a new smokebox door, and applying gold-leaf silhouettes of Kimball's Jiminy Cricket character on the sides of the headlamp. The Ward Kimball locomotive, which entered service on June 25, 2005, became the DRR's No. 5 locomotive, and on February 15 the following year, John Kimball, the son of Ward Kimball, who died in 2002, christened the locomotive during its dedication ceremony. In 2011, Ward Kimball's grandson Nate Lord became a DRR engineer and frequently drove the Ward Kimball locomotive.

A few weeks before the debut of the No. 5 locomotive, the railroad, for the first time in its history, hosted a privately owned train on its track. On the morning of May 10, before Disneyland opened for the day, a private ceremony was held at New Orleans Square Station to honor Disney animator and rail enthusiast Ollie Johnston, supposedly to thank him for helping to inspire Walt Disney's passion for trains, which led to the creation of Disneyland. The true motive for having Johnston there was soon revealed when a simple steam train not part of the DRR's rolling stock, consisting of a locomotive named Marie E. and a caboose, rolled towards the station and stopped at its platform. Johnston, a previous owner of the steam train, used to run it on his vacation property, which he sold, along with the train, in 1993. The man who now owned the train was Pixar film director John Lasseter, who had brought the train to Disneyland in order to give Johnston, his mentor, an opportunity to reunite with and drive his former locomotive. Johnston, then in his nineties, was helped into the Marie E., and with Lasseter at his side, he grasped the locomotive's throttle and drove his former possession three times around the DRR's main line. Although Johnston died in 2008, Lasseter continues to run the Marie E., the caboose, and an assortment of train cars on his private Justi Creek Railway.

The diesel oil used for fuel to generate steam in the DRR's locomotives was replaced in April 2007 with B98 biodiesel, consisting of two percent diesel oil and ninety-eight percent soybean oil. Due to problems with storing the soybean-based biodiesel, the DRR briefly switched back to conventional diesel oil in November 2008 before adopting new biodiesel incorporating recycled cooking oil in January 2009.

On January 11, 2016, the DRR temporarily closed to accommodate the construction of Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge. Additionally, the original DRR roundhouse building, which became a maintenance facility for ride vehicles of other Disneyland attractions, was demolished around April 2016. The DRR reopened on July 29, 2017, with a new route along the northern edge of the Rivers of America named Columbia Gorge, which features rock formations, waterfalls, a trestle bridge, and the line's only left-hand turn. The DRR's dioramas were also given new special projection effects. During a media preview for the attraction's reopening the previous day, Lasseter brought his Marie E. locomotive and drove it along the DRR's new route. Pulled behind the Marie E. were an inoperable locomotive and train car, which were both previously owned by Ward Kimball and run on his former Grizzly Flats Railroad. The inoperable locomotive, named Chloe, and the train car are now owned by the Southern California Railway Museum (formerly the Orange Empire Railway Museum) in Perris, California, which was in the process of restoring the Chloe to operating condition at the time of the DRR's media preview.

On May 31, 2023, the Splash Mountain log flume attraction containing one of the DRR tunnels permanently closed to be rethemed as the new Tiana's Bayou Adventure ride. The DRR temporarily closed between August 24 and 25 due to work being done on the former Splash Mountain tunnel. Since January 2024, the New Orleans Square Station has been temporarily closed due to retheming with the Haunted Mansion ride.

Ride experience
Beginning at Main Street, U.S.A. Station adjacent to Disneyland's entrance, where a pump-style handcar built by the Kalamazoo Manufacturing Company can be seen on a siding, the trains of the Disneyland Railroad travel along its single track in a clockwise direction on its circular route. The train will take around 18 minutes to complete a round trip on the main line when three trains are running, and 20 minutes when four trains are running; on any given day, between two and four trains run, with three trains running on average. Each train arrives at each station every 5-10 minutes. An engineer accompanied by a fireman operates the locomotive, while conductors at each end of the train supervise the passengers. Prior to departing Main Street, U.S.A. Station, the engineer must confirm whether the signal light in the locomotive's cab is green, indicating that the track segment ahead is clear, or red, indicating that the track segment ahead is occupied by another train. The DRR's route is divided into eleven such segments, or blocks, and each locomotive has a block signal in its cab to communicate the status of each block. Prior to the installation of cab signalling in the locomotives around 2005, the status of each block along the railroad's 1.2 mi of main-line track was displayed by track-side block signals, of which only the ones at the four stations remain. The speed limit of the DRR is 10-15 mph.

Once the signal light in the locomotive turns green, the journey from the Main Street, U.S.A. section begins with the train traversing a small bridge, passing by the Adventureland section, and going through a tunnel before arriving at New Orleans Square Station in the New Orleans Square section. While the train is stopped at this station, where the locomotive takes on water from the railroad's water tower if needed, the train crew will perform a boiler blowdown on the locomotive. At the old Frontierland Station depot building, a sound effect of a telegraph operator using a telegraph key to enter Morse code can be heard emanating the first two lines of Walt Disney's 1955 Disneyland dedication speech. Adjacent to the old Frontierland Station depot building, a freight house building used as a train crew break and storage area can be seen, as well as a fully functioning historic semaphore signal connected to the station's block signal.

After the journey restarts, the train travels past the Haunted Mansion dark ride attraction, enters a tunnel through the upcoming Tiana's Bayou Adventure log flume attraction, and crosses a trestle bridge over the Critter Country section. It then moves over another trestle bridge that wraps around the Rivers of America in the Frontierland section. Occasionally, the Mark Twain Riverboat can be seen in the Rivers of America alongside the train, at which time they will sound their whistles at each other to the tune of Shave and a Haircut. Afterwards, the train rolls through another tunnel before reaching Mickey's Toontown Depot between the Mickey's Toontown and Fantasyland sections. While the train is stopped at this station, a non-functioning water tower can be seen on the opposite side of the track to the station's depot building.

Once the journey resumes, the train moves across an overpass and passes by the façade of the It's a Small World water-based dark ride attraction before reaching a fuel pump disguised as a boulder, where the train stops if the locomotive needs to be refueled. From this point, the train cuts across an access road and goes underneath the track of the Disneyland Monorail before stopping at Tomorrowland Station in the Tomorrowland section.

When the journey continues, the train goes across another access road and enters a tunnel containing the Grand Canyon Diorama followed by the Primeval World Diorama. As the train runs alongside the Grand Canyon Diorama, the main theme from On the Trail, the third movement of Ferde Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite, can be heard; and as the train runs alongside the Primeval World Diorama, music from the 1961 film Mysterious Island can be heard. Shortly after leaving the tunnel, the train arrives back at Main Street, U.S.A. Station, completing what the park refers to as The Grand Circle Tour.

The DRR usually runs at night during evening fireworks shows, but sometimes closes due to adverse weather conditions. An option to ride on a seat in the tenders of the DRR's Nos. 1 and 2 locomotives is available upon request at Main Street, U.S.A. Station at the start of each operating day. The option to ride in the DRR's Lilly Belle parlor car is also available upon request at Main Street, U.S.A. Station when a Disneyland employee is available to monitor the passengers aboard it and no heavy rain is falling. The DRR's roundhouse, which cannot normally be viewed by the public, is made available for viewing to participants of specific runDisney events where the race course organized for the runners goes past the facility. On May 11, 2024, the DRR's roundhouse opened to guests taking the new Disneyland Railroad Guided Tour.

Locomotives
The first four steam locomotives to enter service on the Disneyland Railroad are named after former AT&SF Railway presidents. The fifth is named after a former Disney animator. Walt Disney himself, after putting on an engineer's outfit, occasionally drove the DRR's locomotives when they were pulling trains with passengers on board. Each year, the DRR locomotive fleet consumes about 200,000 gal of fuel. The DRR locomotives each require 75 gal gallons of water for one trip around the park. Since 2006, the DRR locomotives have been featured as static displays multiple times at Fullerton Railroad Days, an annual festival that takes place at the Fullerton Transportation Center in Fullerton, California. Since 2010, the DRR locomotives received overhauls one by one at the Hillcrest Shops in Reedley, California.

Train cars
The Disneyland Railroad today operates four sets of train cars, as well as a parlor car. The combine car from the railroad's former Retlaw 1 passenger train, one of the DRR's two original train sets, was Walt Disney's favorite train car on the railroad, as it brought back memories from his youth working as a news butcher on the Missouri Pacific Railway. On May 5 and 6, 2012, the Retlaw 1 combine car and the Lilly Belle parlor car were temporarily put on static display at Fullerton Railroad Days.

Incidents

 * Within a week of Disneyland's opening on July 17, 1955, a brakeman pulled the switch connecting the Disneyland Railroad's main line with a siding at Main Street, U.S.A. Station too soon as the Retlaw 2 freight train on the siding was passing the Retlaw 1 passenger train stopped at the station on the main line. The caboose on the end of the freight train had not made it fully across the switch when it was pulled, and as a result the caboose's front set of wheels correctly traveled along the siding while the rear set of wheels incorrectly traveled along the main line towards the passenger train, causing the caboose to swing to the side before colliding with a concrete slab and derailing upon impact. During the ensuing commotion, the erring brakeman, presumably to avoid disciplinary action, quietly left the scene of the accident, exited the park, and was not seen again.  No injuries were reported, and by the following year the use of sidings at stations on the DRR's main line came to an end.
 * In February 2000, a tree in the Adventureland section fell onto the DRR's Holiday Red freight train while it was in motion, damaging the awnings and their supports on the gondolas as well as knocking off the cupola on top of the caboose before the train came to a stop. No injuries occurred as a result of this accident.
 * On the night of April 4, 2004, at Tomorrowland Station, accumulated diesel fumes in the firebox of the DRR's No. 3 locomotive exploded after its fire suddenly went out. The explosion ejected the engineer from the locomotive's cab and inflicted serious burns on the fireman.
 * On the afternoon of August 11, 2019, the DRR's No. 5 locomotive broke down on a trestle over the entrance to Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge with a broken axle, forcing an evacuation of the train. No injuries were reported and the DRR was back in service by the following day.
 * Between the night of December 28 and early morning of December 29, 2022, a fire broke out in the New Orleans Square section, damaging the freight depot. The cause of the fire is under investigation.
 * On May 26, 2023, one of the DRR locomotives broke down on a trestle bridge over the Critter Country section near the entrance to Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge, forcing an evacuation of the train 45 minutes later.

title: Disneyland Railroad


text:
Anthony Mundine

Anthony Steven Mundine is an Australian former professional boxer and rugby league footballer. In boxing he competed from 2000 to 2021, and held the WBA super-middleweight title twice between 2003 and 2008. He also held the IBO middleweight title from 2009 to 2010, and the WBA interim super-welterweight title from 2011 to 2012. Mundine is well known for his heated rivalries with fellow Australians Danny Green and Daniel Geale.

Early life and education
Anthony Steven Mundine is the son of former professional boxer Tony Mundine and hails from the Bundjalung people of northern coastal areas of New South Wales. Both of his parents are Aboriginal. He was raised as a Christian but converted to Islam in the late 1990s.

Mundine played junior rugby league for Hurstville United and, while attending Kingsgrove High School, Mundine starred for the school in the 1993 and 1994 teams which won the University Shield both of those years. He also played for the Australian Schoolboys team in 1993. That year, Mundine signed with the St. George Dragons as an eighteen-year-old. Mundine also attended Canterbury Boys' High School and Cleveland Street High School.

Rugby league
In 1994, Mundine represented the Junior Kangaroos, the team that beat Great Britain's under-19s in the curtain-raiser to the Australia v. France Test at Parramatta Stadium.

In 1996, he played in a losing grand final, against the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles. That year, he was the victim of racial vilification when Rugby League player Barry Ward called Mundine a "black c- - - -". Ward was fined $10,000 for the offence. At the end of that season Mundine announced that he was signing with the Brisbane Broncos in the Super League competition.

In 1997 he played 18 games for the Brisbane club, scoring three tries. He also played at centre in his second consecutive grand final, this time a victory against the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in Brisbane.

In 1998 he returned to St. George.

Mundine was selected to play for New South Wales in each of the three matches of the 1999 State of Origin series, scoring a try in Game I on debut.

That year he also assisted St. George Illawarra's run to the Grand Final, with a hat-trick against the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the major semi-final. The following week the club lost to the Melbourne Storm in the 1999 NRL Grand Final during which and Mundine, playing at five-eighth knocked-on over the try line early in the second half when the score was 14-0 in favour of St. George Illawarra, which proved to be a major turning point in the match.

The following year, Mundine said before the club's grand final rematch with Melbourne that Melbourne were not worthy premiers. Melbourne would hand St. George Illawarra a 70-10 defeat at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

Mundine was disappointed that further representative honours did not follow, and believed that his representative opportunities did not reflect his abilities and achievements at club level. He raised the issue of racism as the main explanation for this.

Mundine left rugby league halfway through the 2000 season, after being inspired to go into boxing, when a friend, Abdi Osman, showed him a video of Muhammad Ali. He later cited what he claimed was racism concerning rugby league as one of the reasons he quit to take up boxing. Mundine would later make implications during a promotion for a boxing match that former chairman of selectors and respected Aboriginal figure Arthur Beetson may have been an "Uncle Tom" who went along with the alleged racism.

In 2005 Mundine was reported to be making a comeback to the NRL, but this did not eventuate.

In 2007 Mundine was appointed Indigenous Liaison Officer at the South Sydney Rabbitohs.

Mundine has close family ties to rugby league: he is a relative of Wes Patten, Amos Roberts, Beau Mundine, Blake Ferguson and Reece Robinson, all NRL footballers. He is also the brother-in-law of Tyran Smith who married Mundine's sister, Kellie. Mundine's son CJ Mundine is currently on the path to playing in the NRL.

In September 2016, after stating on previous occasions he wanted to return to rugby league, Mundine claimed that St George chief executive Peter Doust had been in contact with him regarding his availability to play. On 8 December 2017, Mundine again declared that he desired to return to rugby league and singled out St George as the club for which he wanted to play. Mundine said in an interview with Fox Sports regarding his possible return that "It could be possible, you don't know. Anything is possible with me,".

On 21 April 2019 it was announced that Mundine would make a return to rugby league and had signed with the Matraville Tigers in the South Sydney District Rugby League.

Boxing career
Mundine is trained by his father, Tony Mundine, who was a middleweight contender during the 1970s.

Mundine fought his first professional boxing match in July 2000, at the age of 25. After a limited amateur career (he had 4 amateur fights when he was 17), his first professional fight was against New Zealander Gerrard Zohs. Only 10 professional bouts later Mundine fought for his first world title against long reigning IBF supermiddleweight champion Sven Ottke in January 2001.

Mundine vs. Sven Ottke
In 2001 Anthony Mundine took on then Super Middleweight champion Sven Ottke for the IBF Super Middleweight belt, Mundine was ahead on points before being knocked out by a right hand to the temple in the 10th round. This was the first time Mundine lost.

Mundine vs. Antwun Echols
Since the WBA and IBF super middleweight titles had been unified by Sven Ottke, Ottke was upgraded to "super" champion status by the WBA and the WBA "regular" super middleweight title was declared vacant (see undisputed champion). Mundine went on to claim the vacant WBA Super Middleweight title with a unanimous points decision over Antwun Echols on 3 September 2003, in front of his home crowd at the Sydney Entertainment Centre.

Mundine vs. Manny Siaca
After gaining the vacant WBA title and defending the title once, Mundine fought against Manny Siaca, In a hesitant performance Mundine lost in a 12-round split points decision.

Mundine vs. Mikkel Kessler
Mundine failed in his attempt to win the WBA super middleweight title after losing by decision to Mikkel Kessler on 6 August 2005 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre.

Mundine vs. Danny Green
Mundine's biggest Australian rivalry is with Perth-based Danny Green. In 2001, Mundine called Danny Green "a bum" in response to Green using Mundine's name to garner media attention, and stated that Danny would be a "no hoper" against him. Green waged a consistent media war with Mundine, using the media to build up his own name, and interest in a potential fight with Mundine. The two boxers finally, after much anticipation, fought on 17 May 2006, at Sydney Football Stadium, Sydney. The bout was one of the most anticipated in Australian boxing history, and was thought to eclipse the attendance record of 37,000 when Jeff Fenech fought Azumah Nelson in their rematch in 1992. The fight was broadcast on Main Event helmed by Michael Schiavello. It was the biggest Pay Per View event in Australian television history. Green became the slight favourite about 2 hours before the bout. Green had little answer to Mundine's speed and jab, giving Mundine the upper hand. Mundine won a twelve-round unanimous decision by the following scores: Judge Michael Lee 116–113, Judge Pinij Prayadsub 118–111, Judge Derek Milham 118–112.

Mundine vs. Sam Soliman II
Soliman and Mundine would meet for a second time, this time competing for the vacant WBA "regular" super middleweight championship of the world. Unlike the first fight, Mundine dominated the proceedings, knocking his opponent down once in the second round, and three times in the ninth, prompting a knockout ruling by the referee.

Mundine vs. Daniel Geale
On 27 May 2009, Mundine faced then-undefeated International Boxing Organization middleweight champion Daniel Geale (21–0–0). Mundine won by split decision with two judges scoring it 116–113 and 114–113 in favour of Mundine, the third judge scoring 115–113 for Geale. After the fight, Mundine admitted that he had barely studied Geale prior to the fight. The fight undercard also marked the debut of Mundine's close friend and league-turned-rugby player Sonny Bill Williams.

Mundine vs. Garth Wood
On 8 December 2010 Mundine took on the winner of The Contender Australia boxing series, Garth Wood. After an awkward first four rounds, consisting of grappling, Mundine was on his way to a wide decision (being ahead 4–0 on the cards). Mundine was knocked out in the 5th round by Wood. Wood was able to land a flush left hook on Mundine's chin, sending him to the canvas. The result was reported to be one of the biggest upsets in Australian boxing history.

Mundine vs. Garth Wood II
On 13 April 2011 Mundine gained revenge for his loss when he defeated Wood in a rematch won every round and dropped him twice and won, via a 10-round unanimous points decision.

Mundine vs. Rigoberto Alvarez
On 19 October 2011 Mundine faced former WBA champion Rigoberto Alvarez for the interim WBA Light Middleweight world title. Mundine won by unanimous decision and as a result became the mandatory challenger for the full belt holder Austin Trout.

Mundine stripped of title
Trout was previously in negotiations with Mundine, but when Trout's management put additional options in the contract Mundine's team decided to force the fight through mandatory position enabling a more favourable negotiation. In March 2012 Mundine turned down the opportunity to face Trout. The promotion of the fight went to a purse bid which Mundine did not pursue. The WBA stripped Mundine of his title in May 2012 for failing to meet the obligations for the mandatory fight. Mundine signed a short-term deal with American promoter Cameron Dunkin.

Mundine vs. Bronco McKart
On 14 July 2012, Mundine faced American Bronco McKart. It was Mundine's first fight in the United States, with the stated aim being to eventually challenge undefeated champion Floyd Mayweather Jr. Mundine went on to win the bout by seventh-round TKO. McKart's loss was his first stoppage defeat since 2006, when he lost to Kelly Pavlik, and only his third TKO defeat in 65 fights.

Mundine vs. Daniel Geale II
On 30 January 2013, Mundine fought Daniel Geale for the second time, with Geale's IBF title on the line. The bout was the first time two Australians have fought for the IBF world middleweight title. The fight was sought by Mundine as a stepping-stone to his ultimate desire of fighting world champion Floyd Mayweather Jr., while Geale was seeking to avenge his only professional career loss – which was to Mundine in 2009. This was the biggest boxing event in Australia since Mundine fought Danny Green in 2006. Featured on the undercards were Kimbo Slice and Joel Brunker, among others. Mundine went on to lose the bout by unanimous points decision 112–116, 111–117 and 111–117. However, he refused to accept the result and immediately after ring announcer Jimmy Lennon Jr. read out the result, Mundine and his entourage stormed out of the ring and left the arena. Following Mundine's attack on the fight judges and their scoring, New South Wales Combat Sports Authority chairman Denis Fitzgerald is seeking legal advice to determine whether Mundine can be sued for his outburst.

Mundine vs. Shane Mosley
Mundine was to have fought American boxing legend Shane Mosley on 23 October 2013, at the Sydney Entertainment Centre; however, the fight was called off at the last minute by Shane Moseley, who demanded $1 million before entering the ring. Mundine had sent $300,000 of his own money, and his friend Jeff Fenech also put in 1/2 million upon Mosely's arrival to Australia, but this was short of the required $1 million. Mundine was keen to reschedule the fight and managed to raise the required $1 million appearance money with his manager, and the fight eventually took place on 27 November at Allphones Arena. The fight ended after round 6 with Shane Mosley retiring due to back spasms, giving Mundine the victory via TKO.

Mundine vs. Joshua Clottey
On 9 April 2014 Mundine fought former IBF welterweight champion Joshua Clottey in Newcastle and lost by unanimous decision.

Mundine vs. Sergey Rabchenko
On 12 November 2014, Mundine fought then-undefeated European champion Sergey Rabchenko at Hisense Arena, Melbourne. The sponsorship manager of the fight was suspected Melbourne underworld figure, Mick Gatto. The undercard featured former NRL player Cory Paterson. Mundine came into the fight a huge underdog after his defeat to Clottey. Mundine went on to win the fight in a split decision, with the three judges scoring the fight 115–113 and 116–112 for Mundine, and 113–115 for Rabchenko. This made Mundine the mandatory contender for Floyd Mayweather Jr.'s WBC light middleweight title.

Following Rabchenko, Mundine was due to fight Austin Trout in San Antonio, Texas on 9 May 2015; however, Mundine had to pull out after sustaining a perforated ear drum prior to the fight. Mundine was later replaced with Luis Galarza.

Business interests
Mundine has an extensive real estate portfolio and is also the owner of the sporting brand Boxa (est. 2000) and the Boxa Bar cafe in Hurstville. Early on the morning of 14 November 2013 the bar was destroyed by fire. Between 2000 and 2012 Mundine was managed by Khoder Nasser.

Music career
Mundine appeared in the music video of Angry Anderson's 1990 hit song "Bound for Glory". In 2001 Mundine appeared as himself in the music video "Like a Dog" by the Australian rock group Powderfinger, whose frontman Bernard Fanning praised Mundine as "the perfect lead, in terms of what the song is about and the fact that he's prepared to speak up for what he believes in." In 2005 he featured on beatboxer Joel Turner's single "Knock U Out". He then released his own debut single, "Platinum Ryder", which also featured Nathan Merritt and Amos Roberts in the music video. The film clip created controversy for the burning of the Union Jack and a photo of then Prime Minister of Australia John Howard. Mundine also appeared in the Brothablack music video, Are You With Me Out There, along with league player Joe Williams. In 2008 Mundine featured in the video of a GetUp Mob version of the song "From Little Things Big Things Grow". In 2009 Mundine also appeared alongside Shannon Noll on the Street Warriors' debut album, Unstoppable Force.

Other media
Mundine has had a stormy relationship with the media: his conversion to Islam in 1999, self-promotion and outspoken opinions have created a love–hate relationship with the Australian public. Mundine has been described as "the most polarising athlete in Australian sports history".

In July 2002, both Anthony and his father Tony appeared on an episode of Burke's Backyard with veteran Australian Gardening guru Don Burke.

Also in 2002 he appeared with other stars and celebrities in Celebrity Big Brother. In 2003 he was in an episode of Greeks on the Roof and in 2005 he appeared on Dancing with the Stars.

From 2007 to 2009 he appeared on The Footy Show. He was in a five-hour interactive DVD called Raising Children: A Guide to Parenting from Birth to Five. This DVD also featured Russell Crowe, Danielle Spencer, Neil Perry, Stan Grant and Johanna Griggs. He has also appeared in The Contender Australia three times. And been a guest, starring as himself, on the Pizza TV series. In 2010 Mundine was a Special Guest Trainer on The Biggest Loser Australia: Couples 2.

Mundine's portrait by James Hunt, entitled Bora Anthony Mundine, was a notable finalist in the 2002 Archibald Prize.

Mundine is featured as part of the roster on the Fight Night Round 4 and Fight Night Champion videogames.

In October 2016 he appeared on Anh Do's Anh's Brush with Fame on ABC Television.

In January 2018, Mundine was revealed as a celebrity contestant on the fourth season of the Australian version of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. As of 8 February 2018, Anthony Mundine became the second celebrity to walk out on the 2018 series of I'm a Celebrity Get me out of here Australia following Bernard Tomic.

Recognition and awards
Mundine was named the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Person of the Year in 2000. He is the first boxer in history to have had every one of his professional fights broadcast for television and has generated more pay-per-views than any other Australian boxer since he turned professional.

Steve Bunce described him as "arguably the greatest crossover athlete in boxing history".

In June 2014, the annual Anthony Mundine Award for Courage was created as one of three awards at the newly-established National Indigenous Human Rights Awards in Sydney, New South Wales.

Deadly Awards

 * 2007
 * Indigenous Male Sportsperson of the Year
 * Deadly Award Male Sportsperson of the Year
 * Won
 * 2006
 * Indigenous Male Sportsperson of the Year
 * Deadly Award Male Sportsperson of the Year
 * Won
 * 2003
 * Indigenous Male Sportsperson of the Year
 * Deadly Award Male Sportsperson of the Year
 * Won
 * }
 * Deadly Award Male Sportsperson of the Year
 * Won
 * }

Public controversy
In an interview in October 2001, Mundine said of the 11 September terrorist attacks, "They call it an act of terrorism, but if you can understand religion, and our way of life, it's not about terrorism. It's about fighting for God's law, and America's brought it upon themselves". Offering some insight into his tendency to make controversial comments in the media, Mundine stated, "If you want to toe the line, if you want to be some corporate guy and say the right things, do the right things, you might be okay in the media's eye, but it won't be real for me". Mundine later claimed he was taken out of context: "Those comments were just spun around like I was clapping my hands. I have a family too, I know what it is like to suffer the loss of someone close to me, and I would never wish that upon anyone. The point I was trying to get across was that it was in a war state of mind, and there is always going to be tit for tat, so why put yourself in a situation where you can endanger people. I have got nothing against any American, I have got nothing against any human being. It breaks my heart that people think I would even have that line of thought about being happy about people dying. That is crap and I want to clarify that because it is wrong".

Mundine also referred to Cathy Freeman as a sellout: "Cathy Freeman. She sold out, toeing the line. And that ain't me. I'm not a fake." He also went on to state repeated times that men, not women, are more qualified to lead. "As far as being a leader, that's not her anyway, a man can only lead."

In late 2012, Mundine questioned former opponent WBA/IBF champion Daniel Geale's indigenous Tasmanian heritage by saying that he should not wear the Australian Aboriginal Flag on his shorts: "I thought they wiped all the Aborigines from Tasmania out.... He's got a white woman, he's got white kids. I keep it real, all day every day". When asked whether Geale deserved to sport the Aboriginal flag on his trunks, he said, "No". Mundine later apologised to the Tasmanian Aboriginal community and added that he felt many people claimed indigenous heritage to receive government benefits but had no real connection with their Aboriginal roots. He also claimed that Australia was one of "the most racist nations in the world" before calling for the Australian anthem and the Australian flag to be changed to be more inclusive of indigenous Australians.

In November 2013, Mundine, an Aboriginal Australian, made comments on Twitter stating that homosexuality was incompatible with Aboriginal beliefs. Following Mundine's comments, Aboriginal actor Luke Carroll pointed out that Mundine's own religious beliefs that led him to form his opinions on homosexuality were incompatible with the Aboriginal Dreamtime. On coming out in a 2015 interview with NITV, former NRL player Casey Conway described Mundine's comments as "really disappointing" and unrepresentative of the Aboriginal community, describing the damage that homophobic comments can do to young people.

Mundine is a strong opponent of lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 25 July, he attended a large anti-lockdown protest in Sydney breaching gathering laws, despite previously receiving two fines for breaking lockdown laws by flying from Sydney to Ballina without a reasonable excuse and refusing to wear a mask while shopping. He also opposes COVID-19 vaccination, writing on Facebook, “You take the shot then you will have serious health problems even death!”. Mundine considers the vaccine rollout to be an attempt to depopulate the Earth.

In March 2024, Mundine became involved in a war of words with South Sydney player Latrell Mitchell in relation to a racism controversy in the NRL. Mundine had originally responded with an instagram video where he said Ezra Mam needed to “take it on the chin” and “toughen up” in relation to Mam being called a "Monkey" by Sydney Roosters player Spencer Leniu. Mitchell then responded with a post to Mundine attacking him for his comments. Mundine then responded to Mitchell saying “You’ve been underperforming far too long & been lucky to have Cody by your side to hold your hand, Earn the right to talk before you start trying to disrespect the OG of the game. Remember, despite what you might think, you’re no Greg Inglis & you’re certainly no Anthony Mundine".

title: Anthony Mundine


text:
User talk:Wordrider

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Carrp | Talk 00:49, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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Linking
Hi Wordrider! I noticed you were off to good start by linking terms in Spousal rape. When possible, links are usually made to an appropriate Wikipedia article. The How to edit a page article is very in-depth and helpful but the quick way to link is to put the link name inside of brackets like this: link name. For example, to link to encyclopedia you'd type encyclopedia  and the link would look like this: encyclopedia. Hope this was helpful and have fun editing! Carrp | Talk 01:07, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Gormless
Hi Wordrider. I wonder why you choose to remove the unencyclopedic tag I had placed on the gormless article. The entry is certainly far from Wikipedia standards; whatever little content it may have is strictly etymological or concerned with word usage. Both issues, while valid and interesting in their own right, are strictly Wiktionary material. See the notice on slang and word use in the Wikipedia policy. I understand that it may be a matter of pride for UFies to keep the article alive, but it certainly doesn't belong here. Taragui 12:26, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

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text:
File:Hope (Album).jpg

Summary
Hope album cover.

Licensing
Source: Hillsong Music Australia

title: File:Hope (Album).jpg


text: User talk:85.74.32.216

title: User talk:85.74.32.216


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title: User talk:4.250.150.162


text:
User talk:Rusty2005

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 | Talk 00:50, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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Red Alert Storyline
Are u the author of the red alert story line? If so I think while not fit for wikipedia it would make a nice addition to the laternate history wikicites. If you still have it please post it. http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page --Gary123 20:54, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Rainbowwarrior1977
I read your comment on the Fatherland VFD page and took a look at Rainbowwarrior1977's edit history. I'm particularly disturbed by his comments on the Cali discussion page and obvious delusions of grandeur. I'm not an administrator, but I dare say I'd have far better chance of becoming one than that insulting little twit. It really says something about the direction society is going in that a fifteen year old kid is already so critical of everything he comes into contact with; I have to feel sorry for his parents. -Soltak 16:24, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * If he keeps up this behavior there's several things we can do. Read over WP:DR for more information on that. In any event, I'll be keeping a close eye on Rainbowwarrior. And, to answer your question, I'm from Ohio, US. -Soltak 16:36, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Reviewing his contribs it appears that he's already managed to piss off at least two individual admins. Given that, I think we might as well just leave it to him to be his own undoing. I'll continue to keep an eye on him, though. -Soltak 16:56, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The vote will either have to be closed by an admin or withdrawn by Rainbowwarrior (not likely). Because the vote is overwhelmingly to keep, in a couple of days an admin will close the vote and remove the header. -Soltak 17:05, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

I noticed the above unpleasant interaction with Rainbowwarrior1977 as well as your comments on his talk page; I've included it in an RfC against him. Please consider commenting here. Thanks. -- Essjay ·  Talk 23:52, August 7, 2005 (UTC)

I deleted all of what Rainbowwarrior left on my talk page but most of it is archived at the RfC and in my discussion page history. Thanks for certifying the RfC and endorsing my response :-) Soltak 19:58, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Brave new world
Why did you put the article back up for nomination. It was removed for the purpose of it having to go through a peer review. Second, when you put it back you, you should have followed the instructions laid out because it states your supposed to archive the previous vote. -- ZeWrestler  Talk 14:46, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I thought I had followed the instructions. I couldn't see a function to move the archived votes to the necessary place, so I thought it had been done automatically. I thought I could put it back up once it had been improved? Rusty2005 15:18, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, i took the liberty of archiving the vote. I personally still recommend it going through a Peer review.  That process normally tends to last a few weeks, but articles come out of their a lot better than before they went in. -- ZeWrestler   Talk 16:28, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Seems fair, thanks for your help! :)  Rusty2005 16:31, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

RfAr
Rusty:

Yes, the RfAr is continuing. Once the ArbCom has accepted a case, only they can decide what to do with it, so there is no other option but to continue it. I've made my comments, directing the arbitrators to the RfC; honestly, I don't see why a completely different format is necessary for ArbCom after one has gone to the trouble of setting up an RfC. As it stands, unless they request something more from me, I eagerly await thier decision. -- Essjay ·  Talk 23:20, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Xen thumpers
Hi Rusty2005. Just to say that I've put a picture of your thumper onto my talk page. Have a look and see what you think. Cheers, --Plumbago 17:33, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

Race X
Hi again Rusty2005. In case you've not spotted them, I managed to get my copy of Opposing Force working again, and have added screenshots for four of the five Race X species. I must admit that they're not brilliant (the Pit Worm is probably the best), but they'll at least act as place-holders for now. I'm afraid there's nothing for the Geneworm just yet, but I'll try to get one for that soon. Cheers, --Plumbago 08:16, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * They're good, thanks for puttin them up! Don't worry about the others though, the ones you have seem ok! One thing I will be very cheeky and ask for though - could we get a shot of the Black Mesa logo? And if possible, a shot of the room Gordon walks into at the very beginning of the game - you know, the room with the big map on one wall saying "Black Mesa Research Facility", and the security guard fiddling with the computer? That would be a really good one to get! Rusty2005 18:54, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll see what I can do. In the meantime, I've added a shot of the Geneworm.  Hope you like it.  --Plumbago 19:23, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi again Rusty2005. How's the graphic below for you?  I've also added a couple of shots on the Black Mesa Research Facility page.  See what you think.  Cheers, --Plumbago 20:02, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

I lik it, I like it a lot! But the one you've put on the Black Mesa page is even better - I think we should keep that one. Those Race X pics are good as well, thanks for doin them all, you're a star : )   Rusty2005 14:17, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * No worries. So long as I know where to find a good screenshot it's not hard for me to go get it.  I might take some more of Black Mesa - there are a few interesting areas mentioned in the article for which there aren't any screenshots anywhere (e.g. the biodomes).  Anyway, glad you liked the pictures.  Cheers, --Plumbago 15:11, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, few more couldn't hurt. How about one of the office complex - maybe that canteen where the zombies are - or the "Questionable Ethics" labs? Blue Shift And Opposing Force have got some great setpieces as well - I really liked that food court you pass on the tram! How about that one in Blue Shift where the two scientists and the security guard are trying to fix the big computer? That would be a great one to put in the "Employees" section : )  Rusty2005 15:20, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

HL2
Hi Rusty2005. Any luck with HL2 yet? I used to have a bookmark for a website that could tell you if your computer was up to spec for particular games. I seem to have mislaid it however. If you're still having trouble, have a Google for it. I certainly found its advice pretty useful.

 * Hi! Sorry for delay, our network's been a bit buggy last couple days and I havent been able to get online. I've tried resetting the video and audio modes to their lowest specs (most of them already were), but when I do this, the game just crashes, and reboots with the original settings. I keep getting a little window flashing at me saying the virtual memory is too low, so I'll see if I can get that upgraded! The Ravenholm and Nova Prospekt levels were fine, probably because they were indoor areas, whilst Highway 17 was the slowest so far. To be honest, I don't think it's what it was cracked up to be... those levels with the speedboat and that bloody dune buggy were just annoying! But it's rapidly improving - I've just started Anticitizen One and I'm liking it a lot :D   I'll have a google for that site you mention, could be very handy! Rusty2005 22:27, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh dear. If your machine's complaining about virtual memory I'm guessing you've not got much RAM.  I think my box has got 512Mb, and I'm sure HL2 would prefer more.  Alternatively, if you've got anything running in the background, that might cause trouble.  Previously I've found all sorts of unnecessary little programs running behind the scenes on my PC.  If you find anything like that, best kill it before running the game.

 * Sorry to hear that HL2 hasn't met your expectations. I have to admit that I wasn't a huge fan of the vehicle levels either.  Not least because it's a lot harder to drive in first-person than it is in third-person (e.g. Halo).  But I did absolutely love using the sawblades in Ravenholm and the antlions in Nova Prospekt though.  And the use of the physics engine really impressed me.  So I'm a bit of an uber-fan.  If I had any complaints at all, it'd be that the whole game is rather shrouded in mystery, and the mystery isn't anywhere near resolved by the end.  Anyway, hope you like the latter levels - street fighting's quite fun as I recall.  --Plumbago 11:37, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

image
If you are right about post 2000 images being included then you have a good point. I don't remember but a small number of images from America, but I couldn't recognize several of the images. Do you have a list?

As for whether your collage is better than the one already there, I'd have to see yours before giving an opinion. I just didn't want to see the existing collage gone with nothing in its place. Rick Norwood 23:31, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Well the images, as I make them out, are:

>Ones from American 21st century history, shoved into a collage of 20th century images: Saddam Hussein at his trial, World Trade Centre attacks, Girl in Afghanistan in 2003, Cleanup in New York, Bin Laden (ALL 21st century, not 20th) >Several which show American events and people, or events in which America was directly involved/people America was concerned with: Nixon, Clinton, Regan, Kennedy, LB Johnson, several of the Vietnam War, Ayatollah Khomeni, Apollo programme, atom bomb, P51 Mustang, Iwo Jima, Great Depression (All to do with USA) >A handful which represent the rest of the world, but which are dominated by images of the Second World War: Hitler and Mussolini, Churchill, Potsdam Conference, Soviets on Reichstag, Concentration Camp. The rest of the planet is summed up by a Beatles album cover, Tianenmen Square, Einstein, General Giap, and a shot of Earth. Five cheap pictures to sum up the whole planet over a hundred years.

A collage of 20th century imagery should not include 21st century pictures. The collage is overwhelmingly dominated by images from American history, many of which are unimportant. Even if it was meant to sum up American history, it's woefully incomplete. The collage I'm working on will be using some of the same themes as the existing one, but will also include people such as Lenin, Stalin, Woodrow Wilson, Chamberlain, Mao, Martin Luther King, Nasser, Ghandi, Nelson Mandela, places such as UN headquarters, Brandenburg Gate, Pentagon, and pictures of events such as the Battle of Verdun, Mau-Mau, Khmer Rouge, etc etc. The existing collage is barely good enough to sum up American history from 1900, and has conveniently ignored anything which didn't directly involve America. I know it's not easy to sum up a century in pictures, but that image is really not good enough. Rusty2005 03:17, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Brave New World, cellulose acetate, K-mart
Rusty, here's an explanation of the confusion with acetate in Brave New World:

 * I summarized changing fine --> synthetic with the summary ''acetate is NOT fine material - in the words of my English teacher, a "k-mart bra"'

 * You re-added fine, stating/asking "fine" is used in the meaning of "thin/delicate". when the book was written, acetate was considered a very futuristic and high-tech material. what's "k-mart", anyway?)

So, answers: K-mart is/was a chain of retail stores in the US, similar to Wal-mart and Target; until very recently it had a slightly unsavory reputation. (In the last year or so it was bought out by the Sears company, or vice versa, and the whole store chain is undergoing changes.) When we read Brave New World in my British Literature class, the teacher made a huge deal about how cellulose acetate was not a high quality clothing material, it's actually rather cheap: the sort of thing a mediocre-level retail chain would sell. (Presumably she was trying to point out the dystopia stuff.) Anyway, when I read "fine", I read it as "high-quality", not "thin", and thought it needed a change. Admittedly, the fibers were futuristic at the time. I think it reads well enough now as it is, with "fine synthetic", although I did redirect acetate to cellulose acetate. -- stillnotelf   has a talk page  22:05, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello! I can see what you mean about it being cheap stuff, probably because in Brave New World, things are designed to be worn out quickly, forcing people to buy new ones and so keeping factories busy and the economy strong. But it was seen as futuristic at the time! This K-Mart does seem pretty shabby. You ever heard of "Poundstretcher"? Gotta love these cheap shops ;-)  Rusty2005 00:05, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

LordRevan
Rusty

I have noticed that you have been engaged in a lengthy debate on the user page of LordRevan. Although I can understand it must be tempting to challenge his contentious views I think it may be wise in this instance to avoid further debate. Arguing with him appears to feed this editors need to expand his particular POV on Wiki talk pages. He does not yet seem to understand the function of Wikipedia, and thus I have formally explained that his additions are not appropriate. It's important that article talk pages stick to the task of creating the encyclopedia and do not become clogged up with his personal views.

Thanks --Zleitzen 05:22, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Your images have been updated
Hi. Just dropping by to let you know the following image have been updated, if you don't mind:

 * Image:Halflife7.JPG
 * Image:Halflife23.JPG

Thanks in advance. ╫ ２５ ◀RingADing▶  19:54, 26 April 2006 (UTC) ╫

Pétroleuses
Hello there, I thought I should let the French Military TaskForce people know that I've updated the page on pétroleuses, not sure if it counts as "military" history, but thought I should let you know anyway :) Rusty2005 10:42, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Hello! Sure it counts. I'll add the appropiate tags and categories to the article so other members can know about it. Feel free to do it for any article you think has any kind of connection to the military history of France (and this one surely does). By the way, if you wish, you can add yourself to the list of members of the Task Force. There's no committment whatsoever; it's mostly just a list of people interested in the topic. Andrés C. 13:53, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

Graduation
Hi Rusty2005. Congratulations on getting your degree! You must be really pleased - well done. And good luck with your work out in Ghana. I'm glad someone's doing something worthwhile! But will you be able to play Half-Life out there ... ;-) Best wishes, Plumbago 13:45, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

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Fatherland map
Rusty,

Thanks for your kind words regarding the map. I do not recall any specific discussion of Britain's Asian and African territories in the book. If you remember, Charlotte told Marsh that Queen Elizabeth and Winston Churchill were active in Canada, and I think Artur Nebe reveals many of the former Dominions (Australia, NZ, Canada) are in the American sphere of influence. So I think it's not clear in the book what happened to Britain's other colonies (i.e., whether they were kept by Nazi-dominated UK or taken over by the government-in-exile the way some French colonies were seized by the Free French).

I don't have a copy of the book handy but if you find reference to Britain's colonies being under Nazi influence I would be happy to modify the map accordingly.

Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 12:51, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Well I was just wondering why the map has most of Africa orange but some areas (eg: Ghana, Nigeria, Egypt, Sudan etc) as independent - where did you get that from? Surely all of Africa should be orange? Also I think those three little countries in north-east South America, and Honduras, should be orange. They were all still under European control in our world until recently, so I guess they would have been in Fatherland's world. Rusty2005 12:58, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It was a little conjecture on my part - the orange countries in Africa were the French, Portuguese, Italian and Spanish colonies which would presumably have been under the control of their colonial masters. As I've said, the British Empire is a little trickier because many British clients switched to American control (as ARtur Nebe describes).
 * With regard to Honduras (I think you mean Belize, which was a British colony under the name "British Honduras", and not Honduras proper) and the Guyanas, the book makes no mention of what happened in Latin America; it's unlikely, though, that the USA would in such a scenario tolerate Nazi dominions so close to its borders. Remember that in Wikipedia we are supposed to report what is in Harris's book, not expand on his fictional universe (as interesting as such a project would be). It's very important not to take speculation too far- in fact I fear I have already colored in far too much orange.
 * As I said, if there's support for your position in the book that I am forgetting, please let me know. Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 13:54, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Book question
I was going to expand the citation for your recent (interesting!) edition to condom, but I'm not sure exactly which book you were trying to cite. There appears to be Gulag:A History by Anne Applebaum, The Gulag Archipelago: 1918-1956 by Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn , and The Gulag Archipelago Volume 2 by Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn (Author), Anne Applebaum (Narrator). Which one of these books is the correct citation? Or is there another book my search didn't turn up? LyrlTalk C 14:39, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

Zulu Dawn
You have mentioned: 'We don't need ... references to Zulus as "mocking"'

"...hold the Colours aloft mockingly" is original text from the Zulu Dawn movie script.

But you're right, of course it’s not NPOV. Discriminating Zulus was not my intention. Felix c 17:41, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

Now to something completely different, you have edited Zulu Dawn in October 2006 as follows:

''Ken Gampu: Mantshonga. A leading general in the Zulu army, Mantshonga masterminds various schemes to confuse British forces, using scouts to gain intelligence on the lumbering British army, and small raiding parties to confuse British and Boer scouts on the whereabouts of Zulu impis. Mantshonga realises that the only chance he has of defeating the British invasion force is to overwhelm the British while they are exposed and vulnerable; and that an open battle between British and Zulu forces will result in a crushing Zulu defeat at the hands of British rifles, artillery, and Gatling guns. Mantshonga therefore keeps his impis hidden from the British, allowing the invaders to progress deep into Zululand, waiting for them to commit an error that will give the impis the opportunity they need to overwhelm the British before they have time to commit their technology to the battle. While chasing a Boer scout, Mantshonga instructs three of his warriors to allow themselves to be captured by the British, who eventually escape and advise Mantshonga on British weaknesses. In contrast to the British commanders, Mantshonga displays immense bravery, and is last seen leading his warriors into the débâcle of the British camp, where he is shot and presumably killed.''

Are you sure, this is correct? To my understanding, Mantshonga acts as Sir Henry Bartle Frere’s negotiator, meeting Cetshwayo, informing him about the ultimatum?

Here is an excerpt from the movie script:

MANTSHONGA: (...) "They are angry and send these demands. They say you rule in old ways that are wrong, that you kill your people without trial. The Great White Queen herself cannot kill her lowliest subject though she rules forty lands... "

BAYELE: "Kill the Traitor, Father"

(...) BARTLE FRERE, CHELMSFORD, CREALOCK & MANTSHONGA are now standing. BARTLE FRERE addresses the entire garden party.

You are mentioning: Mantshonga displays immense bravery, and is last seen leading his warriors into the débâcle of the British camp, where he is shot and presumably killed.

I think, the Induna who is shot by Private Storey is not Mantshonga! The Induna leading the attack on the camp is wearing a scalp lock, different to Mantshonga, who has a shaved head. Felix c 18:54, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

Glacis
Hi Rusty, Please have a look at the Glacis talk page. Norwegian visitor to en: KjellG (talk) 19:40, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

Red Napoleon
Have you find a site to host it yet? --Gary123 (talk) 05:26, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

I have an humble suggestion for hosting Red Napoleon

Alternatehistory.com

I've already post some of it during your long abscence (had to use web archive in order to recuperate it, still have word version of it) don't worry I've credit them to you,

- Redem

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title: User talk:Rusty2005


text:
File:Arches Mist.jpg

Arches Mist by Roger Dean. Featured inside the booklet of the Yes album Keys to Ascension, 1996.

 * Source: Roger Dean's official web site

Fair use in Roger Dean (artist)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because
 * 1) It illustrates an educational article about the artist who created the painting that is represented in this image.
 * 2) It is a low-resolution image.
 * 3) It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.

Fair use in Keys to Ascension
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because
 * 1) It illustrates an educational article about the music album from which this artwork first appeared.
 * 2) Its inclusion in the article adds significantly to the article because it forms part of a thematic sequence of images that is described in the article.
 * 3) It is a low-resolution image.
 * 4) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 5) It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.

title: File:Arches Mist.jpg


text: User talk:63.249.97.96

title: User talk:63.249.97.96


text:
Market Street Railway

Market Street Railway may refer to:
 * Market Street Railway (nonprofit), a nonprofit organization that supports the operation of the F Market historic streetcar line in San Francisco
 * Market Street Railway (transit operator), a former commercial streetcar operator in San Francisco

title: Market Street Railway