text:
Battle of Fisher's Hill

The Battle of Fisher's Hill was fought September 21–22, 1864, near Strasburg, Virginia, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. Despite its strong defensive position, the Confederate army of Lt. Gen. Jubal Early was defeated by the Union Army of the Shenandoah, commanded by Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan.

Military situation
Sheridan had almost 35,000 men in the Shenandoah Valley opposing Early, with just under 10,000. Early, following the Third Battle of Winchester, took a strong position. His right rested on the North Branch of the Shenandoah River. The left flank of his infantry was on Fisher's Hill. Confederate cavalry was expected to hold the ground from there to Little North Mountain. Maj. Gen. George Crook advised Sheridan to flank this position. His command was assigned to move along the wooded slopes of the mountain to attack the cavalry.

Battle

Crook's attack began about 4 p.m. on September 22, 1864. The infantry attack pushed the Confederate troopers out of their way. Maj. Gen. Stephen Dodson Ramseur tried refusing the left flank of his division. Crook and Brig. Gen. James B. Ricketts's division, of Horatio G. Wright's VI Corps struck Ramseur's line, pushing it in. Wright's remaining divisions and XIX Corps broke the Southern line.

Aftermath
The Confederates fell back to Waynesboro, Virginia. Brig. Gen. Alfred Torbert was sent into the Luray Valley with 6,000 cavalrymen to force his way through the 1,200 Confederate cavalrymen under Brigadier General Williams Wickham. Torbert was then supposed to move through the New Market and Luray Gap in Massanutten Mountain and come up behind Early and cut-off his retreat at Fisher's Hill. Torbert fell back after making a token effort against Wickham's force at Milford (present day Overall) and Early escaped.

Four Union Army enlisted men and one officer received the Medal of Honor in the action at Fisher's Hill.

 * Private James Connors, 43rd New York Infantry
 * Private John Creed, 23rd Illinois Infantry
 * Private George G. Moore, 11th West Virginia Infantry
 * Sergeant Sylvester D. Rhodes, 61st Pennsylvania Infantry
 * First Lieutenant Edward N. Whittier, 5th Battery Maine Light Artillery

Battlefield preservation
The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 362 acres of the battlefield. The preserved portion of the battlefield is marked by trails and interpretive signs.

Memoirs and primary sources

 * Early, Jubal A. A Memoir of the Last Year of the War for Independence in the Confederate States of America. Edited by Gary W. Gallagher. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001. ISBN 1-57003-450-8.
 * Sheridan, Philip Henry. Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan, General, United States Army in Two Volumes, Vol. II. New York, New York: Charles L. Webster & Company, 1888.
 * U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.

title: Battle of Fisher's Hill


text:
File:AnnaMayWongPiccadillyCover.jpg

Fair use in Piccadilly (film)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:AnnaMayWongPiccadillyCover.jpg


text:
Dunbar Armored robbery

On September 12, 1997, six men robbed the Dunbar Armored facility on Mateo St. in Downtown Los Angeles, California of US$18.9 million (equivalent to $ million in ). The robbery was orchestrated by Allen Pace III, of Compton, with childhood friends Erik Damon Boyd, of Buena Park; Eugene Lamar Hill Jr., of Bellflower; Freddie Lynn McCrary Jr., of Arleta; Terry Wayne Brown Sr., of Los Angeles; and Thomas Lee Johnson, of Las Vegas, Nevada. It was the largest cash robbery to have occurred in the United States until the Easter Sunday Heist on March 31, 2024 which was estimated at over $30 million.

While the group left almost no evidence, Hill was implicated two years later when he accidentally gave a real estate broker a stack of banknotes that were still secured in their original currency straps; the broker contacted the police. Hill confessed, implicating the five other robbers, and three other men who had assisted in laundering the money. Pace was sentenced to 24 years in prison in 2001; Boyd was sentenced to 17 years, and the other four robbers received sentences ranging from 8 to 10 years. Two of the men who assisted in money laundering were sentenced to 2.5 years.

Robbery
The robbery was masterminded by Allen Pace III, who worked for Dunbar as a regional safety inspector. While on the job, Pace had time to photograph and examine the company's Los Angeles armored car depot. He recruited five of his childhood friends, providing them with detailed floor plans and camera locations, ski masks, pistols, a shotgun, and radio headsets. The day before the robbery, Pace was fired by Dunbar for tampering with company vehicles. On the night of Friday, September 12, 1997, the group of six assembled at a house party – to establish an alibi – before leaving, where Pace used his keys to gain admittance to the facility. Pace had timed the security cameras and determined how they could be avoided. Once inside, they waited within the staff cafeteria, ambushing the guards one by one as they took their lunch breaks at approximately 12:30 am.

Pace knew that on Friday nights, the vault was left open due to the large quantities of money being moved. Rushing the two vault guards, the robbers managed to subdue all employees with duct tape before they could signal any alarms and did not fire a shot. In 30 minutes, the robbers had loaded $18.9 million into a waiting U-Haul truck. Pace knew which bags contained the highest denominations and non-sequential bills. He also knew where the recording devices for the security cameras were located and took them. The group then returned to the house party.

The police immediately realized it was an inside job, and closely examined Pace – due to his recent firing – but could find nothing. Investigators at the depot only found a plastic taillight lens, matching a U-Haul truck. The gang worked hard to conceal their new wealth, waiting six months before attempting to launder the $18.9 million. They enlisted the help of David Matsumoto, a Los Angeles immigration attorney, paying him and his office manager Joaquin Bin $1 million each for their assistance. Matsumoto structured the transactions via buying property and cars, investing in companies, and writing checks and W-2 tax forms for the robbers to give the impression they were earning wages. Pace also created his own front companies to launder more money and enlisted another man's help to buy property, so they would not be listed under Pace's name. Boyd, through his father's company, laundered $177,000. Most or all of the robbers were laundering cash through real estate.

Two years after the robbery, Hill made a critical error when he paid one of his friends - a real estate broker - with a stack of cash bound together with the original branded currency straps; suspicious, the broker then went to the police. Detectives noticed Hill had rented a U-Haul on the day of the robbery. Arrested, Hill soon confessed and named all co-conspirators.

Aftermath
Allen Pace, initially claiming innocence, was arrested and sentenced to 24 years in prison on April 23, 2001, and was incarcerated at a Federal Correctional Institution in Safford until his release on October 1, 2020. Another collaborator, Boyd, was sentenced to 17 years, due to his use of a gun and a prior criminal record. The four others, pleading guilty, received sentences between 8 and 10 years. Matsumoto was also implicated, resigning from the State Bar. He and Bin were indicted on 71 counts related to money laundering and sentenced to 2.5 years. Less than a third (US$5 million) of the money was ever recovered, with some US$13.9 million still unaccounted for.

In September 2020, Charm City Kings producer Caleeb Pinkett announced a film based on the robbery.

title: Dunbar Armored robbery


text: User talk:199.43.32.68

title: User talk:199.43.32.68


text:
User talk:Aidje

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. To read up on the latest wikinews, have a look at the Wikipedia Signpost.

You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 16:40, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Wookieepedia
Seeing how youve been a steady contributor to the area of Star Wars, maybe you could help us with the new Star War Wiki (aka Wookieepedia), and so I invite you to contribute information there that would normally get booted off Wikipedia for being "fancruft". -- Riffsyphon1024 17:21, Mar 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Just noticing your continuous good work. Have you considered contributing for SWW yet. It would be much appreciated. -- Riffsyphon1024 03:08, Mar 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * I just signed up yesterday (I think it was yesterday), although I haven't done any editing over there yet. Thanks for the invitation and everything. I'm still wondering how this is all supposed to stay coordinated, and that kept me from signing up for a little bit (are we even going to try for any level of coordination?). It sort of seems to me like the Star Wars stuff could stay here, but I'm seeing the advantages moreso now. For one thing, it'll be nice not having to type Force instead of Force . There are other issues of course, the main ones being level of detail and such. I'm still a bit reluctant to do too much on Wookieepedia because the whole transwiki thing is still confusing to me—I don't want to try to move an article and do it wrong I guess. Maybe I'm just paranoid. I'll be doing more editing on Wookieepedia as time progresses. Thanks again. Aidje 04:26, 2005 Mar 31 (UTC)

Seven forms of lightsaber combat
Hi Aidje, I don't really think you were doing anything wrong either, but I'm of the view that the vfd box should remain on the page because the VFD discussion is still "live" (it hasn't officially closed). VFD discussions will normally remain open for a set period and then be delisted, by an administrator. You could ask someone at the administrators' noticeboard to delist the page, but I don't think it will do any real harm to keep it on there for a week (the page isn't in any danger of being deleted). Slac speak up!  05:59, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, I guess I didn't realize that an administrator needed to officially close the discussion. Thanks for letting me know, and thanks for putting the VfD box back up. Aidje 04:29, 2005 Mar 31 (UTC)

At World's End?
In your comment for renaming the Pirates of the Caribbean 3 article, you said: title was recently announced. Where, exactly? Would you please give me a link to the announcement from Disney? - Brian Kendig 10:05, 9 July 2006 (UTC)
 * This was a while ago, but I believe I was taking my information from IMDb . I thought that IMDb was considered reliable. Sorry about that. – Aidje talk 19:13, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aidje


text: Category:Municipalities of Flemish Brabant


text:
Talk:Friends Seminary

Building expansion, Controversy, Bo Lauder
The deletion of the content was probably best, but it might be good to include a section on the current physical expansion and the controversy thereof--it is a significant aspect of how the school is defining itself lately. Polymathematics 02:50, 21 April 2007 (UTC)
 * If you think it can be done in an unbiased way, I say go for it. I don't know much of anything about what's going on at Friensd Seminary, so I can't help much. --Ahc 03:17, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Documentation - inclusion of Rosenblatt, Waldman
Thought I should document my including Roger Rosenblatt and Anne Waldman as notable alumni of the Friends Seminary. Rosenblatt, best known as an essayist with the News Hour with Jim Lehrer, talks about his experiences attending high school at the Friends Seminary (circa 1958) in his book Anything Can Happen, specifically in the essay "13 Ways of Looking at a Blackboard" (pp. 117-122). His comments are NOT flattering. Waldman mentions attending the school in her book Vow to Poetry. - klarsen 28 July 2007, 11:26PM EST (-0800)

Missing ref
please fill in a full citation for the ref you named "New York Magazine". -- Fyrael (talk) 23:49, 16 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Friends Seminary


text:
John of Hexham

John of Hexham (c. 1160 – 1209) was an English chronicler, known to us merely as the author of a work called the ''Historia XXV. annorum, which continues the Historia regum'' attributed to Symeon of Durham, and contains an account of English events from 1130 to 1153.

From the title, as given in the only manuscript, we learn John's name and the fact that he was prior of Hexham. It must have been between 1160 and 1209 that he held this position; but the date at which he lived and wrote cannot be more accurately determined. Up to the year 1139 he follows closely the history written by his predecessor, Prior Richard; thenceforward he is an independent though not a very valuable authority. He is best informed as to the events of the north country; his want of care, when he ventures farther afield, may be illustrated by the fact that he places in 1145 King Stephen's siege of Oxford, which really occurred in 1142.

Even for northern affairs his chronology is faulty; from 1140 onwards his dates are uniformly one year too late. Prior Richard is not the only author to whom John is indebted; he incorporates in the annal of 1138 two other narratives of the Battle of the Standard, one in verse by the monk Serlo of Wilton, another in prose by Abbot Aelred of Rievaulx; and also a poem, by a Glasgow clerk, on the death of Somerled.

The one manuscript of John's chronicle is a late 12th-century copy; Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 139. The best edition is that of Thomas Arnold in Symeonis monachi opera, vol. 2 (Rolls Series, 1885). There is an English translation in Joseph Stevenson's Church Historians of England, vol. 4 (London, 1856).

title: John of Hexham


text:
Palafox

Palafox is a somewhat uncommon surname that originated in Spain and may refer to:
 * Palafoxia, a genus of flowering plants from the sunflower family
 * Antonio Palafox (born 1936), Mexican tennis player
 * Manuel Palafox (1886–1959), Mexican politician
 * José de Palafox y Melzi, Duke of Saragossa (1775-1847), Spanish general
 * Juan de Palafox y Mendoza (1600–1659), Spanish bishop, politician and writer in colonial Mexico
 * Luis Rebolledo de Palafox y Melci, 1st marqués de Lazán (1772-1843), Spanish general

title: Palafox


text:
Talk:Kurdistan/Archive (Kurds v. Kurdistan)

Discussion moved from Talk:Kurdistan.

 * This article is called 'Kurdistan' not 'Kurdish inhabited areas of the middle-east' (or whatever). So it makes sense for it have section for each of the parts of Kurdistan. Iota 16:46, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This article is called 'Kurdistan' however there is no such thing as Kurdistan. The map shows the Kurdish inhabited regions. Kurdistan officialy does not exists as far as wikipedia goes its completely fictional as otherwise its propoganda. 'Kurdish inhabited areas of the middle-east' (or whatever) because its wikipedia policy not to have propoganda and neutrality. Only a minority within kurds claim it. -Coolcat

 * Your objection here seems to be based on a misunderstanding of Wikipedia. This encyclopaedia has articles on topics that are real, fictional, theoretical, imaginary, ideological, sensible and stupid. Contrary to what you believe Wikipedia does include propaganda concepts. All that is not allowed is to report propaganda as fact. There is an article on Kurdistan because it is a concept that some people believe in and/or talk about. The same applies to Turkish Kurdistan. If we are describing the concept of Kurdistan we must describe its parts. What this amounts to is not saying there is a Turkish Kurdistan, just that the notional region of Kurdistan is believed to include the notional region of Turkish Kurdistan.

 * The problem with Turkish Kurdistan is, people living there dont refer to it as "Kurdistan" now people who call it Kurdistan is an opinion. --Cool Cat| My Talk 16:46, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

There is currently no country or state Kurdistan, but there may be a nation and there has been one in the past. In my opinion, Turkish Kurdistan is more correct. It does not imply there is a country or state with the name: one can also talk about "Euskadi" (Basque Country) or Catalonia, referring to the region generally referred to as such by it's political proponents. Gerritholl 14:44, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Kurdistan is a geographical name that has been used from time of Saljuqs as another name for Aljebal province.This name has been used in Ottoman and Iran agreements (see as an example 1635 Zahab protocol)many times. Some members must remember that here is not a general forum for spreading their politic ideas.Here is a online encyclopedia which every comment must be written with sense of responsibility and having full knowledge of that specific matter. Jamshid

 * Talking about politic ideas "Kurdistan" is a political idea. The region is not refered as Kurdistan by Turkey. Ottoman Empire today does not exist. Naming a large region of a country with some random name is not right. neither Iraq nor Turkey can be considered as "Kurdistan" it is NOT generally refered as Kurdistan as this article claims. I've lived there. No one Ive met refered to the region they live as Kurdistan, they refer it as, the soulth, soulth east, city they live in, etc... It's generally refered as Kurdistan by people who want independece. I have full knowlege of the issue. The nation of Kurdistan only existed at best for a brief time period between the Treaty of Sevres and the Treaty of Lausanne treaties. Since the Treaty of Sevres was not accepted its void. Since that time, over 8 decades, was not reffered in any official documentation... Officialy it's not there. This isn't a forum. --Cool Cat| My Talk 14:59, 24 Feb 2005

(UTC)

No it is not,Just some people turn it to political Ideas.15 years ago saying that there are kurds in turkey was considered a political idea.It is your personal opinion.You don't have right to generelize your personal view point. This does not change and show anything.It is your country politics.Thats all.Here is not a billboard for your country political opinions. It is not a random name. 1)First it is a historical and geographical name that has been used through last 1000 years. 2)It also shows a teritory that some seperatist movements want to build their dreaming country in it.This area was the one of most crtical points in the middle east in last 200 years.So even If this name has not any geographical and historical meaning (which absoloutly has),a neutral encyclopedia should refer to it.(because many events has taken place under cover of this name) It is generally referd in all of the world.Even in turkey.Saying that it is not considered is wrong ,because it is considered. Saying that it must not be considered,is a political and persoanl opinion and must not be mentioned here. This article does not discuss about your pesonal opinions or those you have met,(which surely are turks or kurds that hide their own opinion in front of a turk).This article refers to name that is known for all world.If it bother you or your country (for security reasons)This does not change anything.YOU MUST MENTION THE FACTS,ONLY FACTS AND JUST FACTS and nothing else,regardless of their political meaning or security consequences.If you have any objection you can mention in the article that in Turkey the name Kurdistan is not afficially accepted and it is referd to as turkey southeast or northern Iraq or western and northwestern Iran.You can mention it but you can not change or revert this fact,because majority in the world call this area as Kurdistan. No they are not the only people,but even because of these people this name must be used and then say that Turkey goverment don't recognize this name. I'm sorry you don't have.YOU THINK you have full knowledge. 1)There is not (and was not) a thing as nation of kurdistan.We have kurds that have been living in this area atleast from Xenephon Time. 2)Nation and citizens of a country don't have the same meaning. 3)This article does not speak about a virtual country which has (or had) the name of Kurdistan,It speaks about a REAL geographical region that has this name.(And wether it is offically accepted by you or your govement or not does not change this fact) Not being referd in official documents ,(only  in Turkey,ofcourse), is not a reason that this name does not exist. There are many names that historically used in Anatolia and now Turkey Goverment don't mention it officially. Armenia (eastern part of Turkey), Pontus,Galathia,Bythinia,Asia,Cilicia (ofcourse this name has been used ,but it has no official meaning in Turkey),Paphlagonia,Phrigia,....... All of the above names has no official meaning in modern Turkey,But all of them refer to an ancient geographical region,and because in modern geographical administration of turkey these name are not used, we don't have to erase these names. The problem with the name of Kurdistan (and also ancient Armenia which have many overlapping areas with eachother) is that they are used as a tool for political agenda,this does not change the fact they are geographical names that had been used in reality. (and in the case of kurdistan it is still used .)
 * Talking about politic ideas "Kurdistan" is a political idea.
 * The region is not refered as Kurdistan by Turkey.
 * Naming a large region of a country with some random name is not right.
 * neither Iraq nor Turkey [parts]can be considered as "Kurdistan" it is NOT generally refered as Kurdistan as this article claims
 * I've lived there. No one Ive met refered to the region they live as Kurdistan, they refer it as, the soulth, soulth east, city they live in, etc..
 * It's generally refered as Kurdistan by people who want independece
 * I have full knowlege of the issue
 * The nation of Kurdistan only existed at best for a brief time period between the serves and the loussanne treaties.
 * Since that time, over 8 decades, was not reffered in any official documentation

No here is not,but you changed it to a forum,Here you discuss your political and personal ideas and want to impose it to others,like the Kurdish nationalist that participate with you in changing this article into a political discussion.We don't want to know the personal viewpoints of you and your kurdish friends.We just want to know that this name Kurdistan refer to what and means what.We also want to know its real history.thats all.
 * This isn't a forum.

You reverted this article and changed it many times without giving any convincing reasons behind it .you just discuss your political views.Unfortunately I think you don't have full knowledge on this issue.Many of this omissions and parts of this article are not neutral.I want you if you can't support your ideas with propper reasons,stop reverting back this article to your own version.By signing in in Wikipedia you must respect Wikipedia policy even if it does not coincide with your own opinion. I don't revert back any changes and wait to see your reasons. Jamshid

 * Coolcat, have you read my comments on this above? I agree Turkish Kurdistan is a political idea. Having a subsection called Turkish Kurdistan does not amount to suggesting that it is a de facto entity or that any country recognises it. Please see my comments above.

 * On "the province of Kurdistan in Iran and the Kurdish Autonomous Region in Iraq are both in the area generally considered Kurdistan". Your interpretation of these words is not the meaning I intended them to have. I've reworded the sentence to make it clearer. Iota 16:47, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Looks ok. --Cool Cat| My Talk 16:58, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I am not sure who placed the bullets so I refrain from commenting. Kurdistan is however a political idea, like all ideas it has a palce in Wilipedia although I dont agree with it. Article looks fine and Neutral. Jamshid, Discussion supposed to be a discussion area (by deffinition). You are trying to put bias in to the argument while I am trying to make it Neutral. Your views cloud your judgement. I am not accusing anyone of anything, I am not claiming things either in the article. Officialy Kurdistan is not a country officialy it was never a state either. Asside from the time period between the serves and laussane. You have no idea what you are talking about. Learn what neutrality is and come back --Cool Cat| My Talk 04:06, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
London Fields

London Fields is a park in Hackney, London, although the name also refers to the immediate area in Hackney surrounding it and London Fields station. It is common land adjoining the Hackney Central area of the London Borough of Hackney. The park covers an area of 12.65 ha, and includes sporting and recreation facilities. The park's history is recorded as early as the 13th century, and it has been known as London Fields since the mid-16th century.

History

In 1275, the area now known as London Fields was recorded as common pasture land adjoining Cambridge Heath.

The park was first recorded by name in 1540; in the singular as 'London Field'. Still common ground, it was used by drovers to pasture their livestock before taking them to market in London. By the late 19th century the name had become pluralised to 'London Fields' and parts of the Fields were being lost to piecemeal development. There was a threat of comprehensive development of the park in 1860 but this threat was averted.

In WW2 the park hosted an anti-aircraft battery in the south-west corner (the tarmac is still visible under the grass) and a bomb shelter in the vicinity of the tennis courts.

The area was heavily bombed during the Blitz and houses along the northern and eastern edges of the park were among those destroyed. These houses had been built on land that was originally part of London Fields and the land was subsequently restored to the park. The previous boundary is marked by a wide arc of Plane trees.

Sport and facilities
London Fields features a cricket pitch, a heated 50m lido and lido cafe, grass areas, a small BMX track, tennis courts, a table tennis table, toilet blocks and two children's play areas. In 2013 the Council turned a sandy, gritty area of London Fields into a pictorial meadow the size of a football pitch.

There is a public house called the Pub on the Park on the east side of the park; this was opened in 1855 and known as the Queen Eleanor until 1992.

London Fields received a Green Flag award in July 2008. A much-used cycle path runs from the Pub on the Park to Broadway Market.

A document in Hackney library records a game of cricket to have been played on the park as early as 1802, and the cricket square on London Fields continues to host competitive games throughout the summer (late April – mid September). Several teams use the park as their home pitch, most notably London Fields CC, based at the Pub on the Park. During the summer the park can be extremely busy with many people combining an afternoon's picnic with watching the cricket. The Turley End of the ground is a popular vantage point for those watching the cricket.

The park is used as the starting point for an annual night-time cycle ride called the Dunwich Dynamo.

The park is a training and competition base for Hackney Aquatics Club, the London Fields Triathlon Club and Team London Fields Running Club.

Crime
The area has been connected with instances of gun crime. Members of the London Fields gang which operates in and around the area were convicted on 12 April 2011 for the shooting of 16-year-old Agnes Sina-Inakoju at a chicken shop in Hoxton in April 2010. There have been multiple accidental bystander shootings including 2010 and 2019. In August 2022, a man was shot at close range while sitting in his vehicle at the junction of Shrubland Road and Albion Drive, roughly 100 meters from the parks east entrance. On August 10th & 11th, 2023, two consecutive shootings took place at London Fields Lido and Stoke Newington High Street, in the second incident a man suffered a gunshot injury to the arm and was taken to hospital.

Governance
The surrounding area to the west has, since 2014, formed part of a new London Fields electoral ward, electing three councillors to Hackney Council.

Education
There is also a primary school named after the area, London Fields Primary School, opposite one of the south entrances to London Fields park. There is also a second primary school, Gayhurst Primary School, located by London Fields Lido opposite one of the western entrances to the park.

Housing
The area includes several housing estates. One of the largest, the Holly Street Estate, is undergoing regeneration, and the new development by United House won Apartment Building of the Year at the Daily Mail British Homes Awards in 2009. During the 1950's much of the original Georgian and Victorian housing stock in the area had been intended for demolition as part of a plan to remove what was considered slum housing. Due to a successful legal challenge made by some of the local residents most of the planned demolitions were prevented and it is this housing stock that principally makes up what is now London Field Conservation Area.

Transport
London Fields railway station is a London Overground station close to the park which links the area to Liverpool Street in the City.

title: London Fields


text:
Lisa and Lottie

Lisa and Lottie, published in the United Kingdom and Australia as The Parent Trap, (original German title: Das doppelte Lottchen, "The Double Lottie") is a 1949 German children's novel by Erich Kästner. The book is about identical twin girls whose parents separated them in infancy upon divorcing, only to reunite at a summer camp years later before switching places.

The book originally started out during World War II as an aborted film scenario. In 1942, when Kästner was briefly allowed by the Nazi authorities to work as a screenwriter, he proposed the plot to Josef von Báky, under the title The Great Secret, but the Nazis once again forbade him to work. After the war, Kästner wrote his idea into the book Das doppelte Lottchen, which was illustrated by Walter Trier.

A successful novel, Das doppelte Lottchen has been adapted for the screen multiple times, most notably Disney's 1961 American film The Parent Trap starring Hayley Mills, its sequels and 1998 remake starring Lindsay Lohan, and other localized versions.

In 1962, Cyrus Brooks translated Das doppelte Lottchen into English as Lottie and Lisa (later as Lisa and Lottie), an edition still published in the United States and Canada.

In 2014, the book was faithfully retranslated into English by Anthea Bell, featuring Walter Trier's illustrations and republished in the United Kingdom and Australia by Pushkin Press as The Parent Trap, after Disney's adaptation. In 2020, Australian actress Ruby Rees recorded an unabridged narration of Bell's translation for Bolinda.

Plot summary
Chapter One

At a German all-girls' summer camp at Seebühl on Lake Bühl (Bohrlaken on Lake Bohren in Cyrus Brooks' translation and Seebühl am Bühlsee in the German original), two nine-and-a-half-year-old girls named Luise Palfy (Lisa Palfy in Brooks' translation) and Lottie Körner (Lottie Horn in Brooks' translation and Lotte Körner in the original) are surprised to see how identical they look. Despite looking alike, Luise has her hair curled in ringlets and is rude while Lottie has her own hair styled in two braids and is shy. Summer camp head Mrs Muthesius and camp assistants Miss Ulrike and Miss Gerda also marvel at the two girls' uncanny resemblance, considering the facts that Luise lives in Vienna, Lottie lives in Munich, and they have never met before. At suppertime, the camp staff arranges for Luise and Lottie to sit together at the same table and to sleep in the same room. After kicking Lottie in the shin during supper, Luise has a change of heart and strokes Lottie's hair before sleeping beside her.

Chapter Two

Luise and Lottie begin getting to know one another and become good friends. At lunchtime, the two girls both show up in braids and have everyone guessing who is who. Luise and Lottie are then allowed to go into the village, where local photographer Mr Josef Eipeldauer takes pictures of them to send home. Upon learning they were both born on October 14 and in Linz, Luise and Lottie realise they are identical twin sisters, a fact that Miss Ulrike has also discovered while checking on the girls' personal information; yet Mrs Muthesius forbids her from revealing the truth, correctly suspecting that the two sisters already know it. When the sisters return to camp, Lottie gives Luise a photograph of their mother.

Chapter Three

Rather than send the pictures home, Luise and Lottie tear them up and dump the pieces into the lake. The sisters deduce that they had lived together until they were two years old, when their parents divorced and split them up just as their mother, Luiselotte, divided her own first name to give her daughters theirs'. Luise has even requested her father to send her a photograph of himself, which she then gives to Lottie.

Chapter Four

For the past weeks, Luise and Lottie have been exchanging notes on how to impersonate one another for they secretly plan to switch places and spend time with the parents they have never known before. When the time comes for the campers to go home, Luise (as Lottie) braids her hair and takes the train to Munich and Lottie (as Luise) curls her own hair and takes the train to Vienna.

Chapter Five

Luise is now living in Munich with her mother, Luiselotte Körner (Lisalotte Horn in Brooks' translation), an editor for the Munich Illustrated Weekly Newspaper.

Lottie is now living in an apartment in Vienna with her father, Ludwig Palfy (Arnold Palfy in Brooks' translation), a Music Director at the Opera House, and his housekeeper, Resi. While Lottie and her father are having supper at the hotel, paediatrician Dr Strobl shows up with his dog, Peperl, who sniffs at the girl and knows she is not Luise. At home, Resi is surprised by "Luise's" sudden interest in housework.

It is revealed that whenever Ludwig holds a concert in Munich, Luiselotte secretly buys a ticket and watches him perform, aware that he is unhappy despite his successful career.

Chapter Six

In Munich, Luise messes up while trying to cook like her sister, but her mother happily helps her "little housewife", her nickname for the real Lottie, who always keeps house whenever Luiselotte works overtime.

In Vienna, Lottie watches her father conduct a performance of Engelbert Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel. Sitting next to Lottie is a woman named Irene Gerlach, whom she suspects is her father's new girlfriend. That night, Lottie dreams that Miss Gerlach is an evil witch who divides the family of four.

Chapter Seven

When school resumes, "Luise" surprises her teachers and classmates by becoming a model student. By then, Peperl has accepted Lottie as a friend as she resumes impersonating her sister and does many of Resi's chores for her. Meanwhile, Ludwig, who has been giving Lottie piano lessons, tells Irene of his plan to write his own children's opera.

In Munich, "Lottie" surprises everyone by repeatedly slapping Anni Habersetzer to punish her for bullying a classmate named Ilse Merck. When Lottie's teacher, Miss Linnekogel, informs Luiselotte of her daughter's sudden change in behaviour, Luiselotte blames herself, thinking that "Lottie" has changed due to the stress of doing housework. So one weekend, Luiselotte takes Luise on a short holiday at the alps in Garmisch, an experience mother and daughter enjoy together.

Chapter Eight

In Vienna, Lottie befriends her apartment neighbour, an artist named Anton Gabele, who draws her. One day, Ludwig tells Lottie that he and Irene are getting married. Shocked by the news, Lottie individually begs her father and Irene to call off their engagement, but both adults refuse, with the latter intending to send "Luise" to a boarding school once the wedding is over. Overwhelmed, Lottie becomes seriously ill to the concern of Dr Strobl and Ludwig.

Chapter Nine

In Munich, Dr Bernau, the editor-in-chief of the Munich Illustrated, shows Luiselotte the photos Mr Eipeldauer had taken of her daughters. Despite the twins destroying their own copies, Mr Eipeldauer had actually printed more to send to Dr Bernau out of amazement at the girls' uncanny resemblance. Shocked by the pictures, Luiselotte leaves work to go to Miss Linnekogel, whom she tells of the split custody arrangement and of her suspicions that the twin living with her is actually Luise. Miss Linnekogel responds by telling Luiselotte that what matters most is the twins' happiness. Since switching places, the twins themselves have been secretly corresponding to each other; Luise, who is now aware of her father's relationship with Irene, becomes concerned because Lottie has suddenly stopped sending her letters. When Luiselotte comes home, she calls Luise by her real name, prompting the girl to confess everything to her mother.

Chapter Ten

Luiselotte and Luise call Ludwig on the telephone, telling him of the switch. Upon learning of Lottie's illness, Luise and their mother board an aeroplane to Vienna. Even with the truth revealed and the twins reswitched, Luiselotte and Lottie decide to stay with Ludwig and Luise for the time being. When Ludwig later informs Irene of the events that have transpired the past few months, she angrily leaves him, thinking Luiselotte is trying to get Ludwig back. Despite losing Irene, Ludwig finds in his daughters the inspiration to compose his own children's opera.

Chapter Eleven

Still together in Vienna, the two families celebrate Luise and Lottie's tenth birthday. When their parents ask them what they want for their birthday, the twins wish for them all to be one family again. Pondering on this revelation, Ludwig and Luiselotte realise they still care for each other and fall in love again to their daughters' delight.

Chapter Twelve

Ludwig and Luiselotte remarry, their second wedding officiated by one Mr Benno Grawunder and witnessed by Luise, Lottie, Mr Gabele, Dr Strobl, and Peperl. After the wedding, the Palfy family goes to Luise's school to enroll Lottie as herself. The amused headteacher, Mr Killian, says the sisters' actions have reminded him of the time he taught Sepp and Anton, identical twin brothers whose impoverished parents enrolled them as one boy, making them take turns going to school as such. As Luise's classmate Trude-who was present at the time the twins met at camp-tells the other students and their teachers the whole story, the Palfy family takes a taxi home, passing by Irene along the way. When Resi asks Luise and Lottie if they want a baby brother or sister now that their parents are remarried, they respond by wishing for both brothers and sisters and that they also be pairs of twins.

Differences between American and British translations
In 2014, the novel was retranslated into English by Anthea Bell and republished in the United Kingdom and Australia by Pushkin Press as The Parent Trap, after the successful Disney films, replacing the 1962 English translation by Cyrus Brooks which is still published in the United States and Canada. Bell's translation is more faithful to the German original in line with the publisher's aim of introducing children to stories from different languages and cultures. In Bell's translation, the twins are named as Luise Palfy and Lottie Körner, explaining the use of a different title, and are stated to be named after their mother Luiselotte. In the same translation, the location of the summer camp is named as Seebühl on Lake Bühl.

Adaptations

 * 1950: Two Times Lotte (Das doppelte Lottchen in German) with Isa and Jutta Günther (Germany), screenplay and narration by Erich Kästner
 * 1951: Hibari no komoriuta (Japan)
 * 1953: Twice Upon a Time (United Kingdom)
 * 1961: The Parent Trap with Hayley Mills (United States)
 * 1965: Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum (India, Tamil)
 * 1968: Do Kaliyaan (India, Hindi)
 * 1991: The Two Lottes (わたしとわたし～ふたりのロッテ in Japanese) (Japan), a 29-episode anime TV series
 * 1994: Charlie & Louise (Germany)
 * 1995: It Takes Two with Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen (United States)
 * 1995: Strange Sisters (Iran)
 * 1998: The Parent Trap with Lindsay Lohan (United States)
 * 2001: Kuch Khatti Kuch Meethi (India)
 * 2007: Das doppelte Lottchen (Germany), an animated film
 * 2016: Das doppelte Lottchen: Ein Comic (Germany), a graphic novel adaptation by Isabel Kreitz, with the artwork styled after Walter Trier's
 * 2017: Das doppelte Lottchen (Germany), a television film
 * 2022: Identical (United Kingdom), a musical

title: Lisa and Lottie


text:
TV1 (Malaysian TV network)

RTM TV1 (stylised as tv1) is a Malaysian free-to-air public television channel owned and operated by Radio Televisyen Malaysia, a broadcasting department of the Malaysian Government. Launched on 28 December 1963, TV1 is the first and oldest TV station in Malaysia. The channel features mostly news, talk shows and documentaries and some in-house, local and international kids, drama and sports programming.

Setup
Speaking at his return from the Commonwealth Broadcasting Conference in New Delhi on 13 February 1960, Mr. A. T. Read said that television would soon come to Malaya, and that the existing network of microwave transmitters, with adequate modifications, would be used for television transmission. A 1963 target was set on 8 January 1962.

On 8 May 1962, Mohamad Sopiee announced that the first television station would be built in Kuala Lumpur, covering the states of Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. Initial projections aimed at the installation of 20,000 television sets, compared to 9,000 in Thailand and 4,000 in the Philippines. The radio and TV licences were going to be merged, as well as an allotment for a TV test survey and the arrival of two members of the Colombo Plan by the end of the year.

Early in 1963, television experts from Canada assisted in the building of the national television service, aiming to build the Kuala Lumpur station within a year. The plan was budgeted at $10 million. Programmes were scheduled to start in December a one-channel service (Singapore had two channels under Malaysian rule) covering a radius of 15 miles from the capital. The service was planned to cover all of Malaya by June 1964, with a plan for two channels like Singapore.

The British-owned Pye company had been given the contract to provide equipment to the then-upcoming television service in October 1963, namely a television transmitter and a film unit.

Single channel years
The prime minister of the time Tunku Abdul Rahman announced on 27 November 1963 that Televisyen Malaysia would start broadcasting on 28 December 1963. The station wasn't yet equipped with an outside broadcasting van, which was due to arrive in March 1964. Studio facilities were limited, and video recording facilities were due to start after the station would be on the air. Initially it broadcast from channel 10 in Kuala Lumpur before moving to channel 5 on 16 May 1964. The new transmitter was easily susceptible to ghosting.

The pilot service opened on the appointed date with Tunku delivering a speech in a 30-minute ceremony. A staff union was formed on 25 March 1964.

Broadcasts were extended to Ipoh and Malacca in April 1964 followed by Penang and Johor by July. For Johor, a sub-station at Bukit Treh, Muar was being built from April, costing $80,000. The plan was shelved within more than one month. In late April, work started for another relay station at Gunong Banang in Batu Pahat.

The pilot service upgraded to a regular service on 6 July 1964. At the start of the pilot service the number of weekly hours of operation was 21, increasing to 25 in April 1964, and to 40 with the start of the permanent service. Broadcasts were now from 5:45pm to 11:15pm. On Saturdays, an extra period was added running from 3pm to 5pm. This increase also came due to a demand from the government to expand the programming offer. The news now started on the hour: Tamil at 6pm; English at 7pm; Mandarin at 8pm; Malay at 9pm.

The increase in broadcast hours caused concern to parents, with one parent writing to the Straits Times (which Malaysian edition would be later spun off into the New Straits Times) that the earlier start damaged children's studies, suggesting the service to start at 8pm instead. Television Malaysia said that the schedule would remain as it was since the start of the month.

With an increase of staff, Television Malaysia vowed to progressively increase the quality and variety of its programmes.

After delays, the transmitter at Gunong Pulai was activated on 26 November 1964, broadcasting on channel 3, enabling Singapore to receive its broadcasts via overspill. Test broadcasts were conducted in late January 1965, but wouldn't become regular for a few more weeks.

An educational television pilot project, forerunner of TV Pendidikan, started on 8 June 1965. There was also the possibility of bringing television to Sabah and Sarawak, as part of the First Malaysia Plan period, including the extension of the signal to the east coast of West Malaysia by the end of 1965.

On 13 July 1966, the state of Sabah approved plans for the extension of the television service, specifically in Jesselton (Kota Kinabalu) and Sandakan. In July 1968, it was calculated that the new station would take $3 million to build. Following the purchase of the land to build the station, it was projected that it would be on the air by June 1969.

Effective 8 February 1969, the channel expanded its daily schedule from Thursdays to Sundays to nine hours (3pm to midnight) in order to adjust to viewers in Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu where Thursday was partially a weekend in those areas. The east coast station in Kuantan was set to begin in May. As of then, the service in East Malaysia was still under consideration - at the time, plans for the Sabah station were outlined for it to begin operations in 1970, worth $10 million.

1969–1984
It was the nation's sole television channel until 1969 when TV2, then Rangkaian Kedua (Second Network) began its operation and the channel became known as Rangkaian Pertama (First Network). At the same time, Televisyen Malaysia merged with Radio Malaysia to form a single broadcasting department - Radio Televisyen Malaysia.

One of the plans upon the launch of the second network was for the first network to broadcast exclusively in Malay. In 1973, it was suggested that English-language programming should be phased out in favor of increased local output, with the target being 60% for both channels.

Television broadcasts extended to Kuala Terengganu on 16 August 1971.

Colour tests started on both channels in early January 1978. RTM TV1 started broadcasting in colour since December 1978 in Peninsular Malaysia and 1980 in Sabah and Sarawak. In 1981, it was supposed that all programmes would have made the switch to colour by 1985. At the time, the output was 80 to 85% in colour.

National broadcasts to Sabah and Sarawak start an hour early at 7:30 pm Peninsular Malaysia time on 7 May 1979.

Post–1984
According to a viewership survey carried by Survey Research Malaysia in October 1985, TV1 was seen by people in the rural areas with 2.532 million viewers compared to urban with 1.395 million.

In late 1987, TV1 along with TV2 revamped their programming to compete with rival TV3 with movies, American serials and Chinese dramas. Public affairs programmes were planned to be included. Sign off time were now at midnight on weekdays and 1 am on weekends.

A report by the United Malays National Organisation organ Merdeka suggested that foreign feature films screened on the network should be dubbed in Malay, per a suggestion to convert TV1 to an all-Malay network. In local variety shows, all songs, regardless of ethnic background, would be performed in Malay. In the wake of the report, TV1 switched to an all-Malay channel in stages, beginning 31 August 1987 with the move of RTM's English news broadcast to TV2 and expected to be completed in late 1987. Programmes in English would also move to TV2. The purpose of the switch is to promote the use of Malay as a national language. The amount of Malay programming was increased to 72% instead of 55% previously.

RTM had plans to introduce separate primetime news programmes for TV1 and TV2 in 1991. At that time, TV2 simulcast TV1's 8 pm news. The Information Ministry believes that along with TV3's news, it would provide "a wider range of information through the electronic media" and "keep viewers informed of developments" from Malaysia and abroad. In July 1992, RTM decided that TV1's news will be on issues of national interest. TV1 went on non-stop broadcast in conjunction with Malaysia's 35 years of independence on 30 and 31 August 1992.

In April 1993, TV1 and TV2 underwent news broadcast timeslot reschedulling.

Starting in 1994, RTM revamp TV1 and TV2 programmes by airing religion, information and educational programmes in primetime slot.

In March 1994, TV1 started full-time morning and afternoon broadcasts along with TV3, signing on as early as 5:50 am. Its programming included children's shows, cooking programmes, news broadcasts from BBC World Service Television (which would later be removed in May),  Asia Business News, CNN, documentaries and business news. However, entertainment programmes were not aired in the daytime in which the then-Information Minister, Mohamed Rahmat said that it would "contrary to a concept of creating the hardworking society".

TV1 ended airing Jendela Dunia as a result of CNN news broadcasts. The morning broadcasts cost an additional RM 18 million a year. In April 1995, TV1 and its sister channel, TV2 facing a disruption of broadcast transmissions for two hours due to power surge after Tenaga Nasional's cables went damaged.

On 31 August 1995, TV1's prime time slot was extended to 10:30 pm, half an hour more than before. Its prime time starts at 7 pm.

In conjunction with RTM's 50th anniversary on 1 April 1996, TV1 began 24 hour broadcast for the first time while its sister channel, TV2 began 18 hour broadcast.

Most of the local programming on TV1 in 1998 were provided by Home Video Distributors (HVD), Wayang Tinggi and Eurofine.

In April 1998, TV1 and TV2 decided to decrease transmission hours and save RM50 million in costs, with TV1 in particular losing one hour of its broadcast day; its sign on time now would be at 7 am. A similar proposal made in November 1998, meant to start in January 1999, was to "cut operating costs" and would save RM30 million. In April 2001, in conjunction with RTM's 55th anniversary, TV1 and TV2 underwent restructuring on their respective scheduling time to adapt with current situation.

On 1 January 2003, TV1 and its sister channel, TV2 underwent programme reschedulling in order to "give a satisfaction" to its viewers and to attract its advertisers. The new schedulling saws both channels aired programmes in English. In August the same year, both channels went on to reschedulling their news broadcast.

Upon RTM's new logo launching in August 2004, TV1 along with TV2 launches their respective new logo and image branding. In February 2005, TV1 and its sister channel, TV2 programmes began to aired on MiTV until the latter's shutdown in November 2006.

On 1 April 2006, in conjunction with RTM's 60th anniversary, TV1 and its sister channel, TV2 rebranded again as RTM1 and RTM2. These names were first used in 1978 prior to 1990 rebranding.

In 2008, TV1 along with its sister channel, TV2 gained the increasing of viewership ratings and revenue in the last six months. On 1 January 2009, RTM1 along with its sister channel RTM2 reverted to its old primary name, which has been used since 1990, and at the same time, their respective new logo was introduced.

During its early years, it only broadcast in the evenings, with daytime broadcasts for schools under the TV Pendidikan banner from 1972 until 1 March 1994 when daytime transmission was introduced on the channel. TV1 transmits 24 hours a day since 21 August 2012 (the channel had first began trial broadcast 24 hours in 2005), more than 6 years after its sister channel did so (3 April 2006). TV1 and its sister channel, TV2 also airs programmes during the Hari Raya Aidilfitri celebration annually. On 1 April 2019, TV1 has started its HDTV broadcasting in conjunction of RTM's 73rd anniversary, and available exclusively through myFreeview DTT service on channel 101.

title: TV1 (Malaysian TV network)


text:
Obafemi Ayanbadejo

Obafemi Devin Ayanbadejo (born March 5, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a running back, fullback and special teams player in the National Football League (NFL) and United Football League (UFL). He was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 1997. In 1998 as a member of the Vikings, he was allocated to the London Monarchs of the NFL Europe. Ayanbadejo also played for the Baltimore Ravens (1999–2002), Miami Dolphins (2002–2003), Arizona Cardinals 2004–2007), and Chicago Bears (2007) of the NFL, as well as the California Redwoods (2009) of the UFL. He played college football at San Diego State.

Ayanbadejo earned a Super Bowl ring with the 2000 Ravens via Super Bowl XXXV. He is the older brother of NFL linebacker Brendon Ayanbadejo.

Early years
Ayanbadejo was born in Chicago, Illinois to a Nigerian father and an American mother of Irish descent. His family moved to Santa Cruz, California just after his 11th birthday. He attended Mission Hill Junior High. As a high schooler he played football, baseball and basketball at Santa Cruz High School.

College career
Ayanbadejo played at San Diego State University where he was used as a tight end, receiver and out of the backfield. Prior to attending SDSU he began his college career as a two-sport athlete playing football and baseball at Cabrillo College in Aptos, California. He was all-Coast conference in both sports.

Minnesota Vikings
Following his collegiate career at San Diego State, Ayanbadejo was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Vikings. He was cut by the team before the season began and did not play football that year. However, he was resigned by the Vikings in January, of 1998 and allocated to the London Monarchs of NFL Europe. That fall he resumed his Viking career where he spent time on both the practice squad and active roster. In 1999 he began the season on the Vikings active roster and was cut after week 3. He signed with the Baltimore Ravens in week 4 of the 1999 season.

Baltimore Ravens
Ayanbadejo was signed by the Baltimore Ravens in week 4 of the 1999 season after his week 3 release by the Vikings. He remained in Baltimore until Ayanbadejo was released by the Ravens after the 2001 season. His official release was in March 2002.

After a late signing with the Miami Dolphins in June 2002 he was the final roster cut at the end of training camp and failed to sign with another team, he sat out the 2002 NFL season.

Miami Dolphins
Ayanbadejo signed with the Miami Dolphins in 2003, appearing in 16 games (two starts) and catching 12 passes for 53 yards. His brother, Brendon Ayanbadejo, was a linebacker for the Dolphins that season.

Arizona Cardinals
In March 2004 Ayanbadejo signed a three-year deal with the Arizona Cardinals where he was reunited with head coach Dennis Green. He appeared in all but three games over that three year time period and was voted NFL player representative by his teammates. After playing out that contract, the Cardinals re-signed Obafemi Ayanbadejo to a two-year extension, though he was cut three months later.

Chicago Bears
Ayanbadejo signed with the Chicago Bears in 2007, becoming professional teammates with his younger brother, Brendon, for the third time in their careers.

In August 2007, Ayanbadejo was suspended for the first four games of the 2007 season after testing positive for a banned substance. Ayanbadejo's failed drug test was attributed to a tainted supplement and the company responsible settled with Ayanbadejo before the case went to trial. Ayanbadejo was the second player in NFL history to bring suit against a supplement company. Following his suspension, he was released from the Bears' roster.

California Redwoods
Ayanbadejo was drafted by the California Redwoods of the United Football League in the UFL Premiere Season Draft in 2009. He signed with the team on August 18. Ayanbadejo officially retired in January 2010.

Personal life
Ayanbadejo is the older brother of former NFL linebacker Brendon Ayanbadejo.

He went on to get an MBA from the Carey Business School at Johns Hopkins University.

title: Obafemi Ayanbadejo


text:
Battle of Yellow Tavern

The Battle of Yellow Tavern was fought on May 11, 1864, as part of the Overland Campaign of the American Civil War. Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan was detached from Grant’s Army of the Potomac to conduct a raid on Richmond, Virginia, and challenged Confederate cavalry commander Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart. The Confederates were outnumbered, and Stuart was mortally wounded. However, Sheridan’s 'sideshow' did not achieve any of its other objectives and had meanwhile deprived Grant’s army of key cavalry functions at Spotsylvania.

Background
The Overland Campaign was Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 offensive against Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. The two had fought an inconclusive Battle of the Wilderness and were engaged in heavy fighting at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. Up to this point, Union cavalry commander Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan was dissatisfied with his role in the campaign. His Cavalry Corps was assigned to the Army of the Potomac, under Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, who reported to Grant. Meade had employed Sheridan's forces primarily in the traditional role of screening and reconnaissance, whereas Sheridan saw the value of wielding the Cavalry Corps as an independently operating offensive weapon for wide-ranging raids into the rear areas of the enemy. On May 8, 1864, Sheridan went over Meade's head and told Grant that if his Cavalry Corps were let loose to operate as an independent unit, he could defeat "Jeb" Stuart, long a nemesis to the Union army. Grant was intrigued and convinced Meade of the value of Sheridan's request.

On May 9, the most powerful cavalry force ever seen in the Eastern Theater—over 10,000 troopers with 32 artillery pieces—rode to the southeast to move behind Lee's army. They had three goals: first, and most important, defeat Stuart, which Sheridan did; second, disrupt Lee's supply lines by destroying railroad tracks and supplies; third, threaten the Confederate capital in Richmond, which would distract Lee.

The Union cavalry column, which at times stretched for over 13 mi, reached the Confederate forward supply base at Beaver Dam Station that evening. The Confederate troops had been able to destroy many of the critical military supplies before the Union arrived, so Sheridan's men destroyed numerous railroad cars and six locomotives of the Virginia Central Railroad, destroyed telegraph wires, and rescued almost 400 Union soldiers who had been captured in the Battle of the Wilderness.

Battle
Stuart moved his 4,500 troopers to get between Sheridan and Richmond. The two forces met at noon on May 11 at Yellow Tavern, an abandoned inn located 6 mi north of Richmond (Present day location is at the intersection of Mountain Rd, Brook Rd, and Telegraph Rd. 37.640111, -77.459593). Not only did the Union outnumber the Confederates by three divisions to two brigades, it had superior firepower—all were armed with rapid-firing Spencer carbines. The Confederate troopers tenaciously resisted from the low ridgeline bordering the road to Richmond, fighting for over three hours. A countercharge by the 1st Virginia Cavalry pushed the advancing Union troopers back from the hilltop as Stuart, mounted on horseback, shouted encouragement. As the 5th Michigan Cavalry streamed in retreat past Stuart, a dismounted Union private, 44-year-old John A. Huff, a former sharpshooter, turned and shot Stuart with his .44-caliber revolver, from a distance of 10–30 yards. Stuart died in Richmond the following day. Huff was killed at the Battle of Haw's Shop a few weeks later.

The fighting kept up for an hour after Stuart was wounded with Maj. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee taking temporary command.

Aftermath
The Union cavalrymen suffered 625 casualties, but they captured 300 Confederate prisoners and recovered almost 400 Union prisoners. Sheridan disengaged his men and headed south toward Richmond. Although tempted to burst through the modest defenses to the north of the city, they continued south across the Chickahominy River to link up with Maj. Gen. Benjamin Butler's force on the James River. After resupplying with Butler, Sheridan's men returned to join Grant at Chesterfield Station on May 24. Sheridan's raid achieved a victory against a numerically inferior opponent at Yellow Tavern but accomplished little overall. Their most significant achievement was killing Jeb Stuart, which deprived Robert E. Lee of his most experienced cavalry commander, but this came at the expense of a two-week period in which the Army of the Potomac had no direct cavalry coverage for screening or reconnaissance.

title: Battle of Yellow Tavern


text:
Lopez (disambiguation)

López is a surname of Spanish origin. López or Lopez may also refer to:

Fictional characters:
 * Lopez, a character in Red vs. Blue; see
 * López (portrayed by Pedro Armendáriz Jr.), a character and antagonist in the 1999 film Herod's Law

In geography:
 * Lopez, Cauca, town and municipality in the Cauca Department, Colombia
 * Lopez, Quezon, a municipality in the Philippines
 * Lopez Jaena, Misamis Occidental, a municipality in the Philippines
 * López, Chihuahua, one of the municipalities of Chihuahua, Mexico
 * Lopez Island, San Juan Islands, Washington, USA
 * Lopez River in Monroe County, Florida
 * López (Santa Fe), town and municipality in Santa Fe province, Argentina

Other uses:
 * United States v. Lopez, a United States Supreme Court case
 * Lopez (TV series), a television series starring George Lopez

title: Lopez (disambiguation)


text:
St Margaret's Island

St Margaret's Island (Welsh: Ynys Farged) is a small tidal island to the northwest of Caldey Island in Carmarthen Bay, Pembrokeshire, Wales.

Name
The island derives its modern (English) name from a chapel that was built there, probably in the 17th century. The island has also been known as Little Caldey.

Description
At high tide the island is separated from Caldey Island by Little Sound. There are a number of ruins on the island. There is no public access to the island; access on foot from Caldey is ill-advised. Its highest point is 40 m and its area is 7 ha.

The waters around the island are popular with divers.

History
Religious connections to the island date back to at least 1748. In Victorian times the chapel was converted into housing for local quarry workers, who mined limestone on the island, which was abandoned by 1851. The buildings subsequently fell into ruin. The chapel ruins and a field enclosure are recorded by the Royal Commission on Ancient monuments.

Since 1950 the island has been leased from Picton Castle Estate. It is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest. It is managed by The Wildlife Trust of South & West Wales, with management limited to monitoring seabird populations owing to difficult access.

Wildlife
St Margaret's Island is a sensitive conservation site because of the birds that nest on its cliffs: cormorants (the largest population of this species in Wales, constituting 3% of the total British population), guillemots, razorbills, shags, kittiwakes, great black-backed gulls, lesser black-backed gulls and herring gulls. Puffins breed in rock fissures, but the existence of brown rats prevents burrow nests.

Vegetation
Common vegetation is red fescue, common nettle, hogweed, false oat grass and cocksfoot. On seaward edges sea beet, common scurvy grass and common mallow can be seen.

title: St Margaret's Island


text:
Book of the Wars of the Lord

The Book of the Wars of the Lord is one of several non-canonical books referenced in the Bible which have now been completely lost. It is mentioned in Numbers 21:13–14, which reads:

"From there they set out and camped on the other side of the Arnon, which is in the desert and bounding the Amorite territory. For Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites. That is why the Book of the Wars of the says: '... Waheb in Suphah and the ravines of Arnon, and at the stream of the ravines that lead to the dwelling of Ar, which lies along the border of Moab.'"

- Numbers 21:13–14

David Rosenberg suggests in The Book of David that it was written in 1100 BC or thereabouts. Theologian Joseph Barber Lightfoot suggested that it was merely another title for the mysterious biblical Book of Jasher.

The Book of the Wars of the Lord is cited in the medieval Book of Jasher as being a collaborative record written by Moses, Joshua, and the children of Israel. It was likely a collection of victory songs written about Israel's military conquest of Canaan.

A notable reference to an unnamed book is found in Exodus 17:14, where God commanded Moses to inscribe an Israelite military victory over the Amalekites in a book and recount it later in the hearing of his successor Joshua. The book is not specifically mentioned by name. However, some Torah scholars such as Moses ibn Ezra have suggested this book may refer to the Book of the Wars of the Lord.

title: Book of the Wars of the Lord


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Velența

Velența (, Váradvelence) is a quarter, or district, in eastern Oradea, Romania. The quarter is crossed by the E60 European Road, and has retained many of its old buildings, escaping the massive Communist urbanisation programme.

History
Its name Velence means Venice in Hungarian, as this settlement served as the home for the Venetian builders who worked on the expansion of the Fortress. It was legally considered a separate town until 1872, when it merged with Orașu Nou (Várad-Újváros), Olosig (Várad-Olaszi), and Subcetate (Várad-Váralja) to form Nagyvárad (Oradea-Mare).

title: Velența


text:
User:Can'tStandYa

"Can'tStandYa" was a boyhood schoolyard taunt used by bullies against George Costanza of the TV comedy Seinfeld.

"Can'tStandYa" is also the pseudonym for a contributor to the English Language edition of Wikipedia.

title: User:Can'tStandYa


text:
Yar

Yar, Yare or Yars may refer to:

Geography

 * Yar, Russia, name of several inhabited localities in Russia
 * Babi Yar, a ravine in Kyiv where mass murders took place during World War II
 * Eastern Yar, a river on the Isle of Wight, England
 * Western Yar, a river on the Isle of Wight, England
 * River Yare, a river in East Anglia, England
 * Yemen Arab Republic (YAR)

Enterprises

 * Yar (restaurant), Moscow

Art, entertainment, and media

 * Tasha Yar, a fictional character on Star Trek: The Next Generation
 * Yar, the hero in the video game Yars' Revenge
 * Yar, a lemur in the 2000 Disney animated film Dinosaur

Biology

 * Yar (gene), a long non-coding RNA gene found in Drosophila
 * YARS, an enzyme in humans encoded by the YARS gene

title: Yar


text:
Tippi

Tippi or Tippie can refer to:

 * Tippi (name), list of people with the name
 * Tepi, Ethiopia, a town in Ethiopia
 * Tippi Airport, a former airport
 * Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa, United States
 * Tippi, a diacritic used in the Gurmukhi script

title: Tippi


text:
Robert Carrier (chef)

Robert Carrier McMahon, OBE (November 10, 1923 – June 27, 2006), usually known as Robert Carrier, was an American chef, restaurateur and cookery writer. His success came in England, where he was based from 1953 to 1984, and then from 1994 until his death.

Biography
Robert Carrier McMahon was born in Tarrytown, New York, the third son of a wealthy property lawyer father of Irish descent; his mother was the Franco-German daughter of a millionaire. After his parents went bankrupt in the 1930s Great Depression, they maintained their lifestyle by firing their servants and preparing their own elaborate dinner parties.

Educated in New York City, Robert took part-time art courses and trained to become an actor. He had a part in the Broadway revue New Faces, before touring Europe with a rep company, singing the juvenile lead in American musicals. After returning to America, Robert often stayed at weekends with his beloved French grandmother in upstate New York. She taught him to cook, making biscuits and butter-frying fish caught in a nearby stream.

Post World War II
Carrier volunteered to serve in the United States Army during World War II as an intelligence officer in the Office of Strategic Services, a wartime forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency. Speaking fluent French and understanding German thanks to his parentage, Carrier arrived in England in 1943, and after D-Day served in Paris as a cryptographer in General Charles de Gaulle's headquarters.

Carrier chose to remain in Paris as a civilian after the cessation of hostilities, and dropped his surname McMahon: "It (Robert Carrier) sounds good in French and it looks well visually." Carrier initially worked for a US forces radio station and for a Gaullist publication, Spectacle, set up to support de Gaulle's RPF party in its failed bid for post-war power.

After a theatrical magazine that he edited and partly owned was shut down in 1949, Carrier moved to St. Tropez to work in a friend's restaurant, Chez Fifine, where he found relief from a bout of depression. Starting to write about food as ration-restricted Europe got used to flavour again, Carrier moved to Rome, Italy, to improve his cookery repertoire, and take the role of a cowboy in an Italian musical revue.

After a friend invited him to Great Britain for the 1953 coronation of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, he decided to relocate to London. He worked in the developing industry of public relations, marketing various food products including stock cubes, cornflour, New Zealand apples and a vegetarian dog food. With Oliver Lawson Dick, Carrier wrote The Vanished City, a historical perspective of London illustrated with reproductions of old engravings.

Cookery career
In 1957 Carrier wrote his first article on food, which he sold to Harper's Bazaar editor Eileen Dickson. He was soon writing regularly for the magazine before becoming a contributor to Vogue and then writing a weekly column for the colour supplement of the Sunday Times. This column brought him celebrity; the articles were collected and expanded to create his first cookery book, the lavishly illustrated Great Dishes of the World, in 1963. Although priced at 70/-, the present day equivalent of around £100, it sold 11 million copies.

Assured of publicity, Carrier opened the eponymous restaurant Carrier's in 1966 in Camden Passage, Islington, then developed an international chain of cookshops, with the first in Harrods in 1967. His recipes were printed on wipe-clean cards (a convenient innovation), and were more specific in their quantities and directions than some of those of his competitor Elizabeth David; they made it feasible for an amateur to prepare food that would satisfy the eye and palate of even demanding dinner guests.

In 1971, he saw a full-page advertisement in Country Life for Hintlesham Hall near Ipswich, Suffolk and bought it, unsurveyed, for £32,000. He planned to renovate it slowly as a country retreat but, realising its vulnerability and near dereliction with rotten floors and ceilings, he decided to save it all immediately. He employed 60 people to restore the house and opened it as a hotel and restaurant in August 1972. He also revived the Hintlesham Festival.

A few years later, Carrier met a woman who lived near his Paris apartment. He thought her a remarkable cook but a poor businesswoman; so, when she got into financial difficulties over non-payment of tax, he offered to set her up as a cookery teacher at Hintlesham if she would learn to speak English. He invested about £300,000 converting the 16th-century outbuildings into a modern school. The school had a double auditorium and two classrooms, each with 12 cooking stations. The woman never learned English so he ran the school himself. He presented beginners' and intermediate courses. The mornings were devoted to generic cooking skills and, in the afternoons, students cooked recipes from the Hintlesham Hall restaurant menu. The school attracted people from throughout the anglophone world, but Carrier was disappointed to find that many were attracted more by his celebrity than by an interest in cookery. He found the repetitive work of teaching onerous and dull.

In the late 1970s, Carrier began presenting a television series, Carrier's Kitchen, based on the cooking cards from his Sunday Times articles. After the more traditional British fare often presented by British TV cooking programme host Fanny Cradock in her black and white shows, Carrier in colour television format introduced British TV viewers to a more exotic range of Continental cooking. With a highly theatrical and camp style, and "a penchant for superlatives ("Gooorgeous… Adooorable… Faaabulous!"), he "attracted viewers as much for his drawling American vowels and shameless self-promotion". His later followed this with three other series, titled Food, Wine and Friends, The Gourmet Vegetarian and Carrier's Caribbean. From this greater publicity flowed a substantial magazine published weekly by Marshall Cavendish between 1981 and 1983.

Retirement
By the early 1980s, Carrier's television style was considered kitsch and too old-fashioned, and his food too complex. Ejected from his television show and bored with the celebrity culture, Carrier closed the Michelin two starred Hintlesham Hall in 1982, and sold it the following year to English hotelier Ruth Watson and her husband. After closing the also Michelin two starred Camden Passage restaurant, Carrier took a short stay in New York, and from 1984 went to live in France and at his restored villa in Morocco, regularly accompanied by his friend Oliver Lawson Dick.

On January 19, 1983, Carrier was the subject of the United Kingdom television show This Is Your Life. He became popular in the United States in the 1980s, writing a weekly European food column for a popular US magazine. In 1984 he became the face of the British restaurant industry, arguing vigorously and vocally for changes to the licensing laws. His efforts were rewarded by appointment as honorary OBE.

Having lived in Marrakesh for several months of each year since the 1970s, Carrier used his Moroccan experiences as the basis for another cookbook in 1987, which further funded his retirement. His 1999 rewrite of Great Dishes of the World did not sell, because he replaced rich and calorific Carrier classics with modern pared-down Nouvelle Cuisine.

By 1994 Carrier had returned to London, realising that most of his Christmas cards were from Britain. He also returned to television with GMTV, proclaiming the virtues of economical and vegetarian eating. Having sold his villa in Morocco, he owned a property in Provence where he spent his time painting pictures, tended by good friend Liz Glaze after the death of Oliver Lawson Dick. Carrier was admitted to hospital in the South of France on the morning of June 27, 2006; his death was announced to the Press Association by Liz Glaze on the afternoon of the same day.

Television

 * 1975 Carrier's Kitchen
 * 1980 Food, Wine & Friends
 * 1994 The Gourmet Vegetarian
 * 1996 Carrier's Caribbean, BBC2 12-part series

title: Robert Carrier (chef)


text:
Talk:Saturnian (poetry)

Recitation
Is it possible to insert in the page an audio file of someone actually reciting a Saturnian verse? This will be much more self explaining. Than you. Ennio Fabbro (talk)

I think it would be worth including more on Angelo Mercado's recent discoveries (cf his book, "Italic Verse: A Study of the Poetic Remains of Old Latin, Faliscan, and Sabellic" (Innsbruck 2012).) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:23C4:3988:C101:2559:A382:2E16:6AFB (talk) 01:45, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saturnian (poetry)


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Marfil (band)

Marfil is a Costa Rican music group.

The group's main records are "Celebrando", "Amuletos" and "Que no paren". They have toured in Europe, Latin America and the United States.

Marfil means 'Ivory', in Spanish.

History
Marfil was founded as “Bocaracá” in 1969 in the Atlantic port town of Limón on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. Limón (and other Central American countries with Caribbean coast) is known for its Jamaican, Bahamian & Lesser Antillean heritage and reggae rhythms which had a direct influence on the sound of the band. Their sound blends reggae, soca, soul, and jazz.

It wasn’t until the 1980s decade when Marfil acquired local fame. In 1985, they released “Menealo”, which was their first commercial success. In 1987, they released their iconic song “Represento”, which became their iconic song. “Represento” was originally a Puerto Rican song composed by Lou Briel, which Marfil turned into salsa.

In 1997, the group released “Saca Boom”, one of their last commercial successes. In recent years, Lou Briel & other Puerto Rican artists claimed that Marfil’s version of “Represento” was actually plagiarized.

Members

 * Isidor Ash - director and guitarist
 * Roberto Moscoa - percussionist and trumpeter
 * Rogelio Royes - vocalist
 * Omar Gauna - vocalist
 * Orlando Quezada - bass
 * Ricardo Espinach - drums
 * Armando Conejo - keyboard
 * Jose Hernandez - guitarist

title: Marfil (band)


text:
Template talk:RAF WWII strategic bombing

Comments
Why the devil is Guy Gibson listed in this? He had no particularly prominent role, at least not more prominent that many other RAF officers I could name trivially? Noel (talk) 17:00, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Does Monte Cassino relate to this template? Gangleri | [ Th] | T 21:48, 2005 Mar 20 (UTC)

 * No it was a tactical attack not a strategic one -Philip Baird Shearer 11:49, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

need add Mitchell to aircraft, for not many time 1 or 2 squadrons of BC used this — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.234.224.199 (talk) 18:56, 22 March 2012 (UTC) also Fortress — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.234.224.199 (talk) 19:01, 22 March 2012 (UTC)


text:
Spartacus (Gibbon novel)

Spartacus is a historical novel by the Scottish writer Lewis Grassic Gibbon, first published in 1933 under his real name of James Leslie Mitchell.

Although Gibbon is mainly known for his trilogy A Scots Quair, this is his best-known full-length work outside that trilogy.

As its name suggests, it is an account of the great slave revolt in Ancient Rome, led by the former gladiator Spartacus.

Plot summary
The central character is not Spartacus himself, but Kleon, a fictional Greek slave and eunuch who, despite occupying a privileged position in his master's household, flees to join Spartacus' rebel army. In the first chapter, we are told how he was sold into slavery as a child and sexually abused by his first owner before being castrated and receiving his education.

Another important character is Elpinice, a slave woman who helps Spartacus and his fellow gladiators escape from Capua, and who becomes Spartacus's lover. She gives birth to a son, but while Spartacus is distracted leading his men, she is raped and murdered by Roman soldiers; her infant child is also killed. The novel touches on Gibbon's views on human history, with Spartacus seen as a survivor of the prosperous but decadent Golden Age.

However, in spite of various additions and speculations, it does stick fairly closely to the known historical facts about the revolt. Plutarch's written life of Crassus (who suppressed the revolt) is clearly the main source, but it does make use of some other classical sources, including Appian and Sallust.

title: Spartacus (Gibbon novel)


text:
Radio France

Radio France is the French national public radio broadcaster.

Stations
Radio France offers seven national networks:
 * France Inter — Radio France's "generalist" station, featuring entertaining and informative talk mixed with a wide variety of music, plus hourly news bulletins with extended news coverage in the morning, midday, and early-evening peaks
 * France Info — 24-hour news
 * France Culture — cultural programming covering the arts, history, science, philosophy, etc. together with in-depth news coverage at peak times
 * France Musique — classical music and jazz
 * France Bleu — a network of 44 regional stations, mixing popular music with locally based talk and information, including:
 * France Bleu 107.1 — for the Paris-Île-de-France region
 * France Bleu Béarn — Pyrénées-Atlantiques
 * France Bleu Nord — Nord and Pas de Calais
 * FIP — specialising in a wide range of music – classical, hip hop, jazz, chanson, rock, blues, world music – and minimal speech
 * Mouv' — urban music, aimed at a young audience

Mission
Radio France's two principal missions are:
 * To create and expand the programming on all of their stations; and
 * To assure the development and the management of the following four orchestras and choirs:
 * l'Orchestre National de France (National Orchestra of France)
 * l'Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France (Radio France Philharmonic Orchestra)
 * Le Chœur de Radio France (Choir of Radio France)
 * La Maîtrise de Radio France (Choir School of Radio France with a choir of children and teenagers)

History

 * 1897: A year after Marconi's experiments, Eugène Ducretet begins his trials of radio broadcasting from a mast on the third level of the Eiffel Tower
 * 1921: The weather forecast and the stock market prices are read from a studio in the Eiffel Tower.
 * 6 November 1922 (eight days before the BBC): Radiola, the first French private radio transmitter, begins regular broadcasts. It changes its name to Radio Paris in 1924. It is followed by Radio Toulouse and Radio Lyon, and in 1932/1933 by Radio Luxembourg. Before World War II, 14 commercial and 12 public sector radios operate in France.
 * 1940–44: In both the German-Occupied zone and under the Vichy regime in the south, radio is taken over by the State.
 * 1942–43: With the agreement of Vichy, Radio Monte Carlo and its financial holding company la SOFIRAD are born.
 * 1944: At the Liberation of France, the state broadcasting monopoly is retained for practical and ideological reasons. Public service radio broadcasting is ensured by the RDF, soon to be called the RTF, then the ORTF in 1964.
 * 1955: The commercial station Europe No. 1 begins broadcasting from across the border in the Saarland region of Germany, freed from French occupation in that year.
 * 1965: Under the management of Roland Dhordain, the four French radio stations are reorganised: France I and II are merged to "RTF Inter", later renamed "France Inter"; France III is renamed "RTF Promotion", and later "France Culture"; France IV is renamed "RTF Haute Fidelité", and later "France Musique".
 * 1975: When the ORTF is broken up into separate TV channels (TF1 (Télévision française 1), Antenne 2, France Région 3), technical services (TDF — Télédiffusion de France), archive services and professional training (INA — Institut National de l'Audiovisuel), production and audiovisual creation services (SFP — Société Française de Production) and radio, Radio France gains its independence from other media institutions as the state-controlled public service radio broadcaster.
 * 1981: Following pressure from the independent and commercial radio lobbies and pirate broadcasters, the newly elected President François Mitterrand allows the licensing of "free" radio stations, to become "radios locales privées", initially with a state subsidy and then financed by commercial advertising (1984), and finally to group themselves into national networks (1986). A private radio sector broadcasting from within French borders is reborn.
 * 1999: The daily radio audience (reach) is 83%. They listen on average for over three hours a day. 99% of French homes have a radio. 80% of French households have a car radio, and 26.8% a personal stereo.
 * 2000: Radio France re-organises its radio network. France Bleu becomes a regional-only network, primarily on FM (the national AM radio network was re-attributed to France Info) and several FIP stations in large cities were closed down and replaced with youth station Le Mouv'.
 * 2015: Radio France announced the end of its Medium Wave (AM) broadcasts at the end of 31 December.

Headquarters
Radio France has its headquarters at the Maison de la Radio et de la Musique, a circular building designed by the architect Henry Bernard (architect) and inaugurated in December 1963 by President Charles de Gaulle, which stands beside the River Seine in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. In addition to housing Radio France's central services and the studios of several of its channels, the building is home to the Musée de Radio France, a museum of radio and television broadcasting and recording techniques. The building caught fire in October 2014.

Equipment
The head office has around a hundred studios (for radio broadcasts, fictions, concerts etc.) and an auditorium:
 * Auditorium of Radio France: built on the site of the former studios 102 and 103;
 * Studio 104 (856 sits) ;
 * Studio 105 (237 sits) and studio 106 (137 sits) dedicated to public broadcasts and concerts of musical broadcasts;
 * Studios 611 and 621 dedicated to the France Inter channel (just like studios 511 and 521);
 * Studio 221 is the "telegenic" studio, where programs such as "Les Informés", "8.30 Franceinfo", or "Questions Politiques" are broadcast on the television channel France Info.

Budget
The Radio France group is 100% owned by the French State. Nearly 80% of Radio France's funding comes from Television licence, the remaining 20% comes from own resources, mainly from advertising and diversification activities developed by Radio France.

General
In September 2019, a bill emanating from the Ministry of Culture announces the creation of “France Médias”, a parent company which will bring together France Télévisions, Radio France, France Médias Monde and the INA. This bill also provides for the end of the appointments of directors of Radio France by the CSA, a power which will be attributed to the board of directors of the radiophonic entity, which will continue to operate independently, but also in synergy with the other entities of France Médias.

Presidents and CEOs
Mathieu Gallet, former President and CEO of the Institut national de l'audiovisuel|National Audiovisual Institute (INA) from 2010 to 2014, was unanimously appointed by the members of the Higher Audiovisual Counci] (CSA)

Communication
Beyond its primary profession which is to make radio, Radio France works on many political, social or cultural projects. The group deploys resources to support various causes, is committed on several fronts, and makes it known through communication actions. Thus, in 2018 Radio France indicates that:
 * The new 2018-2020 company agreement "supports Radio France's proactive policy in favor of equal opportunities";
 * A new three-year company agreement to promote professional and salary equality between men and women was signed on 1 July 2018.
 * Since 2016, "project partnerships" have been carried out for the cultural development of French-speaking countries (Benin, Haiti, Gabon).
 * The audiovisual group and the France-China Committee join forces to promote economic and cultural exchanges between France and China around music
 * He signs the creation of an artistic exchange program based on a circle of patrons in China
 * It supports the European Week for the Employment of People with Disabilities, by providing activities at the Maison de la Radio

Ethics committee
In application of the law of 14 November 2016 and its implementing decree of 21 March 2017, an ethics committee is created to strengthen freedom, the independence and pluralism of the media. […] This committee is made up of five independent individuals appointed for three years, and whose mandate is renewable.

Information and investigation
The investigation unit of Radio France, the usual name of the investigation and investigation department of Radio France, is divided into three poles: production, digital, and investigation. This last pole includes five investigators.

The investigation unit has been a partner of Disclose since 2018.

Regular and event-based partnerships
When the news so requires, Radio France stations resort to event programming, which is no longer subject to the program schedules. These events, whether political, economic, societal, cultural or sporting, can be found in the pages retracing the annual chronologies of the radio media.

Diffusion
Hertzian broadcasting

Since 1975, Radio France has been broadcasting in FM on almost the entire territory.

Radio France broadcast between 1975 and 2016 in AM: France Inter GO (1939–2016); France Inter PO (1956–1996); France Inter OC (1975–1981), France Culture PO (1975–1980); Radio Bleu PO (1980–2000); France Info PO (2000–2016).

In 2016, Radio France's programs were broadcast in RNT ( DAB +) over the Paris region via an experiment. In 2019, the CSA allocates to all the national frequencies of Radio France, via a call for tenders procedure, broadcast in DAB +. This technology mainly aims to allow better sound quality, the addition of data synchronized or not with the radio (scrolling texts, images, information, websites, etc.) and a lower broadcasting cost than that of FM.

Digital broadcasting
Since 2006, Radio France has produced its programs entirely in digital and since 2012 has offered numerous programs in podcast in MP3 format. From 2014, faced with the boom in the consumption of videos on the Internet, and the development of the use of tablets or smartphones, Radio France introduced the concept of "enriched radio" which consists of filming the studio during the recording some radio broadcasts. The video is then put online live (in  streaming ) on the station's website or inserted into a video catalog so that it can be viewed after the broadcast on air.

title: Radio France


text:
Anitere Flores

Anitere Flores (born September 8, 1976) is a Republican politician from Miami, Florida. She served three terms in the Florida House of Representatives from 2004 to 2010. Subsequently, she served in the Florida Senate from 2010 to 2020. In the 2016–18 legislative session, Flores served as president pro tempore of the Senate.

History
Flores was born in Miami, and attended Florida International University, graduating with her bachelor's degree in 1997. She then attended the Fredric G. Levin College of Law at the University of Florida, receiving her Juris Doctor in 2001. After graduation, she worked for the Florida House of Representatives on the Education Policy Council, for then-Governor Jeb Bush as his Education Policy Chief, and as Director of State Relations for Florida International University.

Florida House of Representatives
In 2004, incumbent State Representative Gaston Cantens declined to seek re-election in the 114th District, which stretched from University Park to South Miami Heights in Miami-Dade County. With Cantens's endorsement, Flores ran in the Republican primary to succeed him, facing former State Representative Carlos A. Manrique, Victor Bao, Joel Bello, Lisa Sacco, and Luis E. Orta. Flores won the primary handily, receiving 56% of the vote, and advanced to the general election, where she faced businesswoman and Kendall community council member Millie Herrera, the Democratic nominee. Flores defeated Herrera by a wide margin, winning 64% of the vote to Herrera's 36%. Flores was re-elected without opposition in 2006 and 2008.

During her career in the Florida House, Flores served as Deputy Majority Leader, Chair of the PreK-12 Appropriations Committee, and Chair of the PreK-12 Policy Committee. In order to increase college completion, she passed legislation that created a scholarship program for students who are the first in their family to attend college.

Florida Senate
When State Senator J. Alex Villalobos was unable to seek re-election due to term limits, Flores ran to succeed him in the 38th District, which stretched from Doral to Homestead. She faced David Nelson in the Republican primary and defeated him handily, winning 81% of the vote to Nelson's 19%. Flores faced veterinarian Les Gerson, the Democratic nominee, in the general election. After vastly outspending Gerson, Flores won the seat in a landslide, receiving 68% of the vote to Gerson's 32%.

Following the reconfiguration of the state's legislative districts, Flores ran for re-election in the 37th District, which contained most of the territory that she had previously represented. She was unopposed in the Republican primary and the general election, and won her second term uncontested.

As a member of the Florida Senate, Flores chaired several committees including the Judiciary Committee, Communications, Energy and Public Utilities Committee, Fiscal Policy Committee, Banking and Insurance Committee, and Appropriations Subcommittee on Health and Human Services. She also served on various committees including the Budget Subcommittee on Criminal and Civil Justice, the Ethics and Elections Committee, the Health Policy Committee, the Regulated Industry Committee, the Rules Committee, and the Appropriations Committee. From 2010 to 2012, Flores also served as the Majority Whip. In the Senate, she championed several issues important to South Florida, including working towards finding affordable options for property insurance.

Flores also serves on various national and community boards. She is a member of the National Assessment Governing Board (a bipartisan board that sets policy for the National Assessment of Educational Progress-NAEP), the National Association of Latino Elected Officials (a leadership organization of the Hispanic elected and appointed public officials in the United States), and the Board of Spectrum Programs, Inc. (a drug and mental health service organization).

Flores was the first Republican Hispanic woman to serve in both the Florida House and Senate since 1986. Due to her unwavering support of education, the American entrepreneurial spirit as well as the elderly, she was most recently recognized in The Huffington Post's “40 under 40: Latinos in American Politics.” Her campaign website describes her as a conservative.

In 2015, litigation concerning Florida Senate maps was resolved with an admission by the Senate that the maps violated the Fair Districts provision of the Florida Constitution. Following the inability of the legislature to create and pass new maps into law, the Florida Supreme Court selected maps drawn by the League of Women Voters of Florida. Consequently, Flores's home was drawn into the 40th District, the same district in which fellow State Senator Dwight Bullard lived. Flores decided to run for re-election in the 39th District instead, given that she was raised in that district and previously represented portions of it. Flores defeated Democrat Debbie Mucarsel-Powell in the general election, 54 to 46%.

During the opening of the 2018 Florida Legislative Session, Flores and Democratic Florida legislator Oscar Braynon jointly apologized for an extramarital affair they had, which had been made public when an anonymous website uploaded a video showing Flores entering and leaving Braynon's apartment on multiple occasions.

For the 2019 and 2020 Sessions, Flores chaired the Community Affairs Committee, and served as Deputy Majority Leader. After sixteen years in office, Flores was term-limited from the Senate in November 2020.

title: Anitere Flores


text:
Talk:Robert Carrier (chef)

Development
The bibliography is incomplete and the list of TV series could do with work. Is it worth mentioning that most of his later works were written by teams of researchers under his brand? --Theo (Talk) 17:03, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Death
I have added a BBC news report of his death as a link. Capitalistroadster 17:55, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

"Close companion"
The Telegraph obituary refers to Oliver Lawson-Dick as his "close companion", which is a standard, fusty euphemism in obit world. Is this enough evidence to define him as a gay man, I wonder? CulturalSnow (talk) 13:20, 23 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Carrier (chef)