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Roque Dalton

Roque Antonio Dalton García (14 May 1935 – 10 May 1975) was a Salvadoran poet, essayist, journalist, communist activist, and intellectual. He is considered one of Latin America's most compelling poets. He wrote emotionally strong, sometimes sarcastic, and image-loaded works dealing with life, death, love, and politics.

He studied at the University of Chile and the University of El Salvador (where he studied law) without taking an academic degree. He also visited the National Autonomous University of Mexico. While in Chile, he began studying Marxism. Upon his return to El Salvador, he became a figure in local politics. He began writing poetry after helping found the University Literary Circle. He joined the Communist Party of El Salvador. He was imprisoned in 1959 and 1960 for inciting revolt during the presidency of José María Lemus.

In 1961, he was exiled from El Salvador. He spent time in Mexico, Czechoslovakia, and Cuba, where most of his poetry was published. In Cuba, he received military training after the Bay of Pigs Invasion. After returning to El Salvador in 1965, he was arrested and interrogated by an agent of the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1969, he returned to Cuba and then Prague to work as correspondent for The International Review: Problems of Peace and Socialism. In the same year, he won the Poetry Prize Casa de las Américas for his book Taberna y otros lugares.

After leaving Cuba, Dalton became involved in El Salvador's civil war, joining the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP) in 1973. In the ERP, he found himself in a serious internal dispute with leader Alejandro Rivas Mira, who had become an influential leader of the armed group. As a consequence of the dispute, the leadership of the ERP decided to execute him.

He is remembered for his bohemian lifestyle and the jovial, irreverent personality reflected in his literary work, as well as his commitment to social causes in El Salvador. His work is diverse, going beyond the influences of his Marxist beliefs. He is considered one of the most influential Salvadoran writers. Posthumously, he has received recognition as "Hijo Meritísimo" and "Poeta Meritísimo" by the Salvadoran government and an honorary doctorate degree from the Universidad de El Salvador.

Early life and education
Dalton was the son of Winnall Dalton and María García Medrano. Winnall Dalton emigrated to Mexico, and came to El Salvador in the early 1920s. Winnall Dalton married Aida Ulloa, and gaining control of his wife's large farm  dedicated his life to agriculture. He survived an assassination attempt. The nurse who took care of Winnall Dalton in the Salvadoran hospital, María García Medrano, later gave birth to Roque Dalton. Her hard work and good luck allowed her to provide their children a high-quality education.

Roque graduated from Externado San José, an exclusive Jesuit school for boys in San Salvador. Afterwards he was sent by his father to Santiago, Chile to study law in the Universidad de Chile. There, he established close relationships to leftist students and attended lectures with the Mexican artist Diego Rivera. Around this time, he developed a great interest in socialism.

When he returned to El Salvador, he was accepted by the law school of the Universidad de El Salvador (UES), and in 1955 he and the Guatemalan poet Otto René Castillo founded Círculo Literario Universitario, which published some of Central America's most recognized literary figures.

Writing and political career

In 1961 he travelled to Havana, where he was welcomed by Casa de las Américas, a gathering place for many exiled leftist Latin American writers. Dalton returned clandestinely to El Salvador in 1965 but was soon caught and taken prisoner. He awaited execution in Cojutepeque, but was miraculously saved. There was an earthquake and the wall of his prison cell fell down. Dalton took advantage of this and escaped. He slipped into a passing religious procession and managed to meet his fellow revolutionaries, who helped him escape to Cuba again. He was then sent to Prague as a correspondent for The International Review: Problems for Peace and Socialism. While in Prague, he wrote his internationally acclaimed Taberna y Otros Lugares. He also produced a landmark biography of Miguel Mármol, a prominent Salvadoran communist who had participated in the 1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising and was living in exile in Prague.

In 1970, Roque Dalton had become a recognized figure in the Salvadoran left. He tried hard to become a revolutionary soldier, for which reason he participated in military training camps in Cuba several times. He once wrote, "Politics are taken up at the risk of life, or else you don't talk about it".

Roque Dalton (1937–75) was the major literary figure and an important political architect of the revolutionary movement in El Salvador. Dalton represents a new type of Latin American writer: no longer the genial 'fellow traveler' of the revolution, like Pablo Neruda, but rather the rank and file revolutionary activist for whom the intricate cabbala of clandestine struggle-pass- words, safe houses, escape routes, forged documents, sectarian squabbles- was as familiar as Parisian surrealism. A dangerous and difficult profession, in which the event that seals a writer's reputation is often precocious martyrdom.

When he felt properly trained as a soldier, he sought admission to the Salvadoran Marxist-Leninist, political-military organization Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front. However, the organization's leader, Commander "Marcial" (whose real name was Salvador Cayetano Carpio), rejected his application, arguing that Roque's role in the revolution was as a poet, and not as a foot-soldier. Because of this, he applied to join the ERP - Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo- (People's Revolutionary Army in English). Though Dalton himself was not allowed to become part of the FPL, both his sons joined the FPL in the late 1970s. Roque Dalton's military career also included cooperation with Guatemalan revolutionaries in creating EGP - Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (Guerrilla Army of the Poor in English).

Assassination by the ERP
Once an active member in ERP, Dalton stressed the importance of establishing bonds with organizations from civil society. Some of the other members of ERP disagreed with him. They accused him of trying to divide the organization. This group, whose most internationally known leader was Joaquín Villalobos ("Atilio"), allegedly condemned him to death on 10 May 1975, four days before Roque was to turn 40. Therefore, Dalton's literary production stopped when a group of commandos, whose members were Villalobos and Jorge Meléndez (nom de guerre 'Jonas') ended his life. This commando was sent by Edgar Alejandro Rivas Mira. Roque was shot to death in a house in the Santa Anita neighbourhood in San Salvador. There were possibly others involved in his execution, but these are the ones still alive today: Villalobos settled in Great Britain; Meléndez was an MP for San Salvador for the FMLN, and Rivas Mira hides behind plastic surgeries, which were paid with money obtained from the kidnapping and murder of the multi-millionaire Roberto Poma. The most commonly accepted version of facts suggests that Dalton was "mistakenly accused" of operating as an agent for the CIA, the reason for which he was executed.

In 1975, he was back in El Salvador working in the underground. This was a difficult time for the revolutionary movement, and Dalton's own organization, the ERP, was torn by a bitter factional fight. Dalton criticized the organization's military adventurism and argued the need to build a mass base. Under circumstances that still remain obscure, he was accused of complicity with the CIA and assassinated by members of a rival faction of the ERP.

Recent developments
On May 4, 2010, the magazine Contrapunto published an interview with Jorge Meléndez, at the time the director of Civil Protection, and known during the civil war as Commander Jonas. During the interview he said with respect to the murder, “I was there and know that which transpired there.” Although the comments by Tomás André, the correspondent for Contrapunto who conducted the interview are not known, the historical importance of the interview can be certainly discerned by the depth and extraordinary nature of the encounter that Melendez was well aware of the nature of the process that resulted in the assassination of Dalton and his friend Pancho. To those who knew the author, the answer by Roque Dalton to the statements by this man could be easily imagined. What is clear is that Roque Dalton would have not been displeased if anyone had then said that even now, the murderers are afraid of him, and that the accusations of CIA collaboration were then and now a simple after the fact excuse of a group of terrorists fully aware of the hideous nature of their acts. ("Yo, Roque Dalton", 2012).

On January 7, 2012, the Fiscalía Nacional, prosecuting agency for the FMLN lead Salvadoran government, decree that the statute of limitations for the murder of Roque Dalton had expired. Juan José Dalton said of the act “Villalobos gave an interview where he states who made the decision to kill [my father]: Vladimir Rogel, [Jorge] Meléndez  [y Villalobos]. That would be enough in any decent nation of this planet for a prosecutor to proceed.” El Salvador, not one of those places, instead printed a stamp with his effigy and declared his death a national tragedy.

Legacy
Dalton's writing includes almost 15 poetry collections, a novel, a personal testimony, and a play, as well as short stories, critiques, and essays on both literature and politics. Some of his poetry has been translated to English, French, Czech, Russian and Italian. According to Luis Melgar Brizuela, he had the greatest influence from 1967 until the end of the Salvadoran Civil War in 1992. This was especially the case in leftist literary and intellectual groups, among them the literary groups Piedra y Siglo, La Masacuata and Xibalbá, as well as in the content of the magazines Abra and Taller de Letras, published by José Simeón Cañas Central American University, the Literary Supplement 3000 in the Diario Co Latino, Amate, and La Universidad.

Trivia

 * Roque Dalton is currently featured on Salvadoran postage stamps.
 * According to a legend, Roque Dalton underwent plastic surgery. He did this in order to be able to return clandestinely to El Salvador. According to the Salvadoran writer Claribel Alegría, he had to disguise his long nose and flapping ears. He grew a moustache, started using eyeglasses and went around with a different hairdo.
 * Roque Dalton was already politically active in El Salvador when the Cuban revolution started in 1959. This year he was arrested and was allegedly sentenced to be executed by a firing squad. The day before his execution, Colonel José María Lemus was overthrown from the presidency, and because of this, Dalton's life was spared. Once he was freed from prison, he travelled to Mexico in exile and wrote much of the material that appeared in his books El Turno del Ofendido and La Ventana en el Rostro
 * Roque Dalton is credited with the following quote: "Poetry, like bread, is for everyone."
 * Roque Dalton's "Poema de Amor" (Love Poem) is the most popular poem among the Salvadoran community abroad. Many of his poems have been put into songs. Dalton's "Poema de Amor" was musicalized by the group Yolocamba Ita. and Bohemia
 * Roque Dalton's two sons, Roquito (i.e. Roque Dalton Jr.) and Juan José (also known as "El Vaquerito"), joined the FPL and were founding members of the FMLN in 1980. Juan José (whose FPL nom-de-guerre was Joaquin) had the honor to have the main speech on the FMLN's founding parade in Cuba. The other orator during the parade was supposed to be Commander Fidel Castro, but due to security reasons, the speech was delegated to Division General Arnaldo Ochoa.
 * The short story "Yo, Roque Dalton" is the latest published work of the author, although he has been dead for almost 40 years, the story is the poet's response to an interview by one of his alleged murderers. A tale of a poet's ghost in Habana Salvadoran short story.
 * The prose piece "The Unforgivable" (May 10) by Eduardo Galeano in his book Children of the Days: A Calendar of Human History recounts the assassination of Roque Dalton.
 * Roque Dalton is mentioned in a poem by Allen Ginsberg, “On the Conduct of the World Seeking Beauty Against Government.”

Poetry

 * Mía junto a los pájaros, San Salvador,1957
 * La ventana en el rostro, México, 1961
 * El mar, La Habana, 1962
 * El turno del ofendido, La Habana, 1962
 * Los testimonios, La Habana, 1964
 * Poemas. Antología, San Salvador, 1968
 * Taberna y otros lugares, Premio Casa de las Américas, La Habana, 1969
 * Los pequeños infiernos, Barcelona, 1970
 * In Translation to English: "Small Hours of the Night", translated by Jonathan Cohen, James Graham, Ralph Nelson, Paul Pines, Hardie St. Martin and David Unger. Edited by Hardie St. Martin, Curbstone Press, 1997.

Essays

 * "César Vallejo", La Habana, 1963
 * "El intelectual y la sociedad", 1969
 * "¿Revolución en la revolución? y la crítica de la derecha", La Habana, 1970
 * "Un libro rojo para Lenin", La Habana, 1970
 * "Miguel Mármol y los sucesos de 1932 en El Salvador", 1972
 * "Las historias prohibidas del Pulgarcito", México, 1974
 * "El Salvador (monografia)" UCA Editores.

Fiction
Pobrecito poeta que era yo, San Salvador: UCA Editores, 1994, 2005

title: Roque Dalton


text:
Talk:Gifford Miller

Untitled
That's quite an amusing image. Ground 03:58, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I have placed the image for future use. --Blue387 04:42, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

most of the links are either outdated or broken. does anyone have more relavent links to add?? ejk254 10:16, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Gifford Miller


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/FunBrain.com

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. -- AllyUnion (talk) 11:30, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

FunBrain.com
Non-notable web site. (Probably not an advertisement; the page creator didn't even add a link to the site.) —tregoweth 04:00, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * "FunBrain.com's monthly pageviews are 35 million and the number of teachers registering to its QuizLab tool is 65,000", says this press release. Its Alexa rank is a very heady 2629. Owned by Pearson PLC. Keep and expand. Samaritan 04:15, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, needs expansion. Google gets 500,000+ hits with "Funbrain", mostly related to this site. Megan1967 05:11, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I have added an external link and some details as a start. Megan1967 05:29, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, seems rather notable per Samaritan. Shimeru 05:34, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Given the above comments, and because I can't cancel this VfD, I'd like to declare never mind, if I may. —tregoweth 17:40, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep it, obviously. Wyss 22:09, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * keep. Yuckfoo 01:21, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable educational website. Capitalistroadster 08:02, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable website. - Mailer Diablo 03:21, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * keep, and expand. Bart133 (t) 02:27, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:69.40.49.227

title: User talk:69.40.49.227


text: User talk:203.124.2.8

title: User talk:203.124.2.8


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User talk:HappyMutant

Hi. Please, speak clearly into the microphone. The people in the back want to hear.

Welcome!
It looks like you were never officially welcomed to the great Wikipedia (though that hasn't stopped you from doing some great work!). So, welcome! I hope that are enjoying your time here. If you need anything, feel free to ask me at my talk page, or head over the village pump. Thanks for the work on Destination Imagination; the example IC there is actually based on a real one from a few years back. Maybe you've seen it? Cheers, Whosyourjudas\talk 03:11, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:HappyMutant


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Chaim Ben Pesach

Victor Vancier (born December 25, 1956), commonly referred to by his Hebrew name, Chaim Ben Pesach (חיים בן פסח) or as Chaim Ben Yosef is an American political activist and the founder and director of the United States-based Kahanist organization, Jewish Task Force (JTF) and the former National Chairman of the Jewish Defense League (JDL) in the United States. In 1987, he was convicted on charges related to a series of terrorist bombings conducted during his time with the JDL to protest Soviet treatment of Jews. He served five and a half years in federal prison for his involvement in 18 bombings in New York and Washington.

Activities and imprisonment
Pesach was the National Chairman of the Jewish Defense League, but resigned in December 1978 after he went to jail for bombing Egyptian targets in an effort to stop the Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula. After his release and upon the completion of his probation in July 1983, Meir Kahane again appointed Pesach to be National Chairman of the JDL.

On May 8, 1987, Pesach was arrested along with Jay Cohen and Sharon Katz in relation to multiple bombings in New York, including a tear gas attack on a performance of the Moiseyev Dance Company, after an anonymous former member of the JDL cooperated with police to capture them. He said he did this in the hopes of influencing the Soviet Union to allow Jewish emigration. His court-appointed lawyer Thomas Concannon said about him that it is "fair to say he's a little bit nuts". The judge Israel Leo Glasser regarded Pesach as "a danger to this community". One of his accomplices, 24-year-old Jay Cohen, committed suicide after facing a possible maximum prison sentence of 20 years. Pesach said at that time that he felt personally responsible for Cohen's death. The JDL, as overseen by Pesach, is also believed to be responsible for the 1982 fire set at the Tripoli Restaurant on Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn, New York, which destroyed it, killing one person and injuring seven. An anonymous caller claiming to represent the JDL telephoned news organizations to take credit for the arson, justifying the attack by stating the restaurant was the undercover headquarters in New York City of the Palestine Liberation Organization, though JDL officials denied having any involvement in the attack. He served five and a half years for the bombings.

Jewish Task Force
Pesach is the current head of the Jewish Task Force, a Kahanist organization in the United States. Pesach created JTF in 1991. The Jewish Task Force raises money for the claimed purpose of funding Jewish settlers in the West Bank and runs a website with the stated goal of saving Israel, the United States, and the West. Pesach is banned from entering Israel because of his terrorist acts and his Kahanist associations, which are outlawed in Israel. The Jewish Task Force is considered a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center.

The Jewish Task Force program aired on public access television in the mid-1990s, in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens. Pesach became known for his criticisms of African American culture that included resorting to racial slurs and offensive stereotypes, as well as his views on homosexuality, and he was criticized in local magazines and newspapers as a result. During the 1994 New York State Comptroller election, while Pesach extolled Herbert London as "a real Jewish man", he derided London's opponent, African American Carl McCall, as "a low, Jew-hating, Jew-killing cockroach". He further described attorney general candidate Karen Burstein as a "disgusting, ugly lesbian" and continued:

"The God of Israel will not tolerate homosexuality or lesbianism. It is an abomination onto the Lord... I have a cure for AIDS that doesn't cost one penny. Stop being fags!"

Pesach has described Baruch Goldstein, who perpetrated the 1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre, as "a great hero".

Pesach has referred to Nelson Mandela as a "Black Nazi", Yasser Arafat as the "Arab Hitler" and a "Muslim terrorist pedophile who died of AIDS". He has also targeted former First Lady and senator Hillary Clinton and former U.S. President George W. Bush on his website, calling Clinton "Hillary Sodom Arafat" and Bush "Jorge Wahabi Bush" whom he calls a "low, disgusting traitor" and "excrement". He also uses language such as schvartze when referring to African-Americans and "kike" for Jews he considers to be traitors. JTF's messages have been condemned for "racism" by the Anti-Defamation League.

title: Chaim Ben Pesach


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Sentence diagram

A sentence diagram is a pictorial representation of the grammatical structure of a sentence. The term "sentence diagram" is used more when teaching written language, where sentences are diagrammed. The model shows the relations between words and the nature of sentence structure and can be used as a tool to help recognize which potential sentences are actual sentences.

History
The Reed–Kellogg system was developed by Alonzo Reed and Brainerd Kellogg for teaching grammar to students through visualization. It lost some support in the 1970s in the US, but has spread to Europe. It is considered "traditional" in comparison to the parse trees of academic linguists.

Reed-Kellogg system
Simple sentences in the Reed–Kellogg system are diagrammed according to these forms:

The diagram of a simple sentence begins with a horizontal line called the base. The subject is written on the left, the predicate on the right, separated by a vertical bar that extends through the base. The predicate must contain a verb, and the verb either requires other sentence elements to complete the predicate, permits them to do so, or precludes them from doing so. The verb and its object, when present, are separated by a line that ends at the baseline. If the object is a direct object, the line is vertical. If the object is a predicate noun or adjective, the line looks like a backslash, \, sloping toward the subject.

Modifiers of the subject, predicate, or object are placed below the baseline:

Modifiers, such as adjectives (including articles) and adverbs, are placed on slanted lines below the word they modify. Prepositional phrases are also placed beneath the word they modify; the preposition goes on a slanted line and the slanted line leads to a horizontal line on which the object of the preposition is placed.

These basic diagramming conventions are augmented for other types of sentence structures, e.g. for coordination and subordinate clauses.

Constituency and dependency
Reed–Kellogg diagrams reflect, to some degree, concepts underlying modern parse trees. Those concepts are the constituency relation of phrase structure grammars and the dependency relation of dependency grammars. These two relations are illustrated here adjacent to each other for comparison, where D means Determiner, N means Noun, NP means Noun Phrase, S means Sentence, V means Verb, VP means Verb Phrase and IP means Inflectional Phrase.

Constituency is a one-to-one-or-more relation; every word in the sentence corresponds to one or more nodes in the tree diagram. Dependency, in contrast, is a one-to-one relation; every word in the sentence corresponds to exactly one node in the tree diagram. Both parse trees employ the convention where the category acronyms (e.g. N, NP, V, VP) are used as the labels on the nodes in the tree. The one-to-one-or-more constituency relation is capable of increasing the amount of sentence structure to the upper limits of what is possible. The result can be very "tall" trees, such as those associated with X-bar theory. Both constituency-based and dependency-based theories of grammar have established traditions.

Reed–Kellogg diagrams employ both of these modern tree generating relations. The constituency relation is present in the Reed–Kellogg diagrams insofar as subject, verb, object, and/or predicate are placed equi-level on the horizontal base line of the sentence and divided by a vertical or slanted line. In a Reed–Kellogg diagram, the vertical dividing line that crosses the base line corresponds to the binary division in the constituency-based tree (S → NP + VP), and the second vertical dividing line that does not cross the baseline (between verb and object) corresponds to the binary division of VP into verb and direct object (VP → V + NP). Thus the vertical and slanting lines that cross or rest on the baseline correspond to the constituency relation. The dependency relation, in contrast, is present insofar as modifiers dangle off of or appear below the words that they modify.

Functional breakdown
A sentence may also be broken down by functional parts: subject, object, adverbial, verb (predicator). The subject is the owner of an action, the verb represents the action, the object represents the recipient of the action, and the adverbial qualifies the action. The various parts can be phrases rather than individual words.

Critical sources

 * Kitty Burns Florey (2006). Sister Bernadette's Barking Dog. Melville House Publishing. ISBN 978-1-933633-10-7.
 * Mazziotta, N. (2016). "Drawing syntax before syntactic trees: Stephen Watkins Clark's sentence diagrams (1847)". Historiographia Linguistica, 43(3), 301–342..

title: Sentence diagram


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Jacques Chausson

Jacques Chausson (c. 1618 – 29 December 1661) was a French ex-customs manager and writer. He was arrested on 16 August 1661 and charged with attempted rape of a young nobleman, Octave des Valons. He was convicted of sodomy and sentenced to death. His tongue was cut out and he was burned at the stake (without being suffocated first, the more common and "merciful" practice).

Legal proceedings
"This Friday, twenty-ninth day of the month of August, is judged before us one dressed in a cinnamon-colored garment, he who declared to us that he was coming in order to obey our ruling of yesterday, he whom we had questioned and interrogated in the manner and fashion that follow: Asked his name, he answered that he is Octave des Valons, Equestrian, son of Germain des Valons, Equestrian, lord of Duchesne; and of the late Louise Angelique du Vesnien, his wife. Asked his age, he answered that he turned seventeen years old the eighteenth day of this past March.

"Asked the subject of the dispute he had had on Tuesday the twelfth of last August, with the named Jacques Chausson and Jacques Paulmier, in a third-floor apartment in a house on rue Saint Antoine, near the old rue du Temple, occupied by the same Chausson, he answered that, having known Chausson, and having been led to his home by a young man named le Sueur, he had finally gone August twelfth. Paulmier said to Chausson while speaking of Octave des Valons, 'There is a pretty blond!' to which Chausson replied 'I believe he is a pretty enough boy to offer us his services.' When des Valons retorted that he wished to be appropriate to the task, Chausson made a statement, and said that the service they were asking of him would cost him nothing, and that the same Paulmier was for his part obliged to treat him the same way when he wanted. Des Valons having had the misfortune to realize that he had not asked to have carried out for him the wish that he was obliged to grant Paulmier, Chausson advanced, and while embracing him undid the button of his pants at the same time, and then Paulmier began knowing him carnally, and committing with him the crime of sodomy. Having felt this, he began to shout and struggle, and then an old woman, working that day at the home of Mr. Petit, merchant and head of the house, came running."

Popular ditties
Si l'on brûlait tous ceux qui font comme eux dans bien peu de temps hélas plusieurs seigneurs de France grands prélats d'importance souffriraient le trépas.

Savez-vous l'orage qui s'élève contre tous les gens de bien? Si Chausson perd son procès en Greve, le cu ne servira plus de rien. Si Chausson perd son procès en Greve, le con gagnera le sien.

Je suis ce pauvre garçon nommé Chausson si l'on m'a rôti a la fleur de mon âge c'est pour l'amour d'un page du prince de Conti.

Si le bougre D'Assouci. eût été pris il aurait été rôti tout au travers des flammes comme ces deux infâmes de Chausson et de Fabri.

If they burned all those who do as they do In short order, alas, Several lords of the realm and great men of the cloth Would pay with their heads.

Do you know the storm that is rising against all good people? If Chausson loses his trial in Greve, The ass will serve no purpose If Chausson loses his trial in Greve, The cunny will win his own.

I am this poor boy named Chausson If they roasted me at the flower of my age It is for the love of a page of the prince of Conti.

If that fellow d'Assouci had been taken He would have been roasted Surrounded by flames Like these two scoundrels de Chausson and de Fabri.

By Claude Le Petit (1638–1662)
French poet, burned at the stake for "atheism," but in particular for having written the poem below. Amis, on a brûlé le malheureux Chausson... 1661

Amis, on a brûlé le malheureux Chausson, ce coquin si fameux, à la tête frisée; sa vertu par sa mort s'est immortalisée: jamais on n'expira de plus noble façon.

Il chanta d'un air gai la lugubre chanson et vêtit sans pâlir la chemise empesée, et du bûcher ardent de la pile embrasée, il regarda la mort sans crainte et sans frisson.

En vain son confesseur lui prêchait dans la flamme, le crucifix en main, de songer à son âme; couché sous le poteau, quand le feu l'eut vaincu,

l'infâme vers le ciel tourna sa croupe immonde, et, pour mourir enfin comme il avait vécu, il montra, le vilain, son cul à tout le monde.

Friends, they have burned the unfortunate Chausson, This famous rascal with the curly hair; His virtue is by his death immortalized: Never will one expire in a more noble fashion.

He sang in a gay air the lugubrious song and wore without paling the starched shirt and from the eager chopping to the lit pile He watched death without fear and without a shiver.

In vain, his confessor preached to him in the flame, crucifix in hand, of thinking about his soul; Seated under the post, when the fire had vanquished him,

The scoundrel turned toward the sky his filthy rump, and, finally to die as he had lived, He showed, the villain, his ass to everyone.

title: Jacques Chausson


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Serving Sara

Serving Sara is a 2002 American romantic comedy film directed by Reginald Hudlin and starring Matthew Perry, Elizabeth Hurley, and Bruce Campbell. The story follows a process server given the assignment to serve a British socialite with divorce papers, but is persuaded to serve her husband instead so that she can get a larger portion of his money in the divorce. The film was panned by critics and did poorly at the box office, debuting in the top 10 when it was released on August 23, 2002, in the US, where it grossed only $5,750,000 on the weekend.

Plot
Joe Tyler, a process server, is a week late serving a Mafia kingpin known as Fat Charlie with a summons to appear as a witness in court. Joe's abrasive boss Ray ridicules him while complimenting Joe's rival, Tony, for serving multiple summonses in record time. Willing to give Joe one last shot, Ray gives him an assignment to serve British socialite Sara Moore with divorce papers from her husband, Gordon, who is at his ranch in Texas with his mistress, Kate, while Sara is vacationing in upstate New York.

While Joe is attempting to serve Sara, Tony tips her off, thus revealing that Joe has been failing lately because Tony is sabotaging his efforts. Eventually Joe does serve her, but is mugged soon thereafter. Joe and Sara are forced to take the same bus; while they are riding together, Joe informs her that, under Texas law, she stands to gain nothing from the divorce. When she learns that "half of everything" would apply if the papers had been served under New York law, Sara offers Joe a million dollars to serve her husband and rip up her papers. Despite knowing that he might lose his job, Joe agrees and the two set off together to serve Gordon.

When Ray hears of their plan, he informs Gordon and sends Tony off to re-serve Sara. Gordon hires a bodyguard named Vernon to protect himself, and Joe, expecting Tony to tail him, leaves a set of bogus clues that lead Tony to Miami, Florida, Bangor, Maine, and then Amarillo, Texas, where Tony is shot in the back as he attempts to get on the grounds of the wrong ranch to try to serve the papers. Sara and Joe trail Gordon to his ranch, but Gordon evades them. At the ranch, Sara takes some money and Gordon's passport so that he cannot leave the country. Sara and Joe stay overnight at a hotel, and Joe tells Sara of his dream of owning a vineyard. While Sara is bathing, Joe goes to the bar, and Gordon's mistress appears to suggest a new deal to Joe; for one million dollars from the divorce settlement, she will reveal Gordon's location. Joe agrees, but the entire deal is a setup to get Tony into the hotel room to serve Sara, which he does. Furious, Sara kicks Joe out.

While Joe contemplates his lost fortune and budding affection for Sara, he notices Tony's watch in the picture Tony took of him serving Sara, and calls Ray to inform him that Tony forgot to set his watch to Central Time Zone, so that the papers do not take effect until 7:04 pm Central Time. With mere minutes until they both lose a fortune, Joe and Sara trail Gordon to a monster truck rally. They chase Gordon and evade both Vernon and Tony, and with seconds to spare, Sara knocks Gordon down by dropping a six-pack of beer on his head. Joe serves him under New York law and Gordon receives the papers. Tony and Vernon are carried out of the stadium on stretchers (due to Tony accidentally running over Vernon) and then attempt to fight one another. The final scene shows Joe and Sara at Joe's vineyard, where they taste-test a bottle of Joe's first vintage before going inside to have sex.

Cast

 * Matthew Perry as Joe Tyler
 * Elizabeth Hurley as Sara Moore
 * Bruce Campbell as Gordon Moore
 * Vincent Pastore as Tony
 * Cedric the Entertainer as Ray Harris
 * Amy Adams as Kate
 * Terry Crews as Vernon
 * Jerry Stiller as Milton the Cop
 * Marshall Bell as Warren Cebron
 * Joe Viterelli as Fat Charlie

Production
Matthew Perry was struggling with drug and alcohol addiction during the production. He was working on the show Friends and filming Serving Sara at the same time. He was taking Xanax, Methadone, and drinking a quart of vodka a day. Filming was delayed for two months while Perry went to rehab.

Critical response
Serving Sara was panned by critics. It was ranked number 82 in a Rotten Tomatoes editorial on the 100 worst movies of all time.

Cynthia Fuchs from PopMatters found the progression of the plot "increasingly incoherent, a string of rehashed sight gags based in insipid vulgarity." Entertainment Weekly's Lisa Schwarzbaum described the film's humor as being "a cattle ranch full of joke droppings and mooing shtick not worth stepping in." Scott Tobias of The A.V. Club said about the film, "[A] third-rate conflation of Midnight Run and It Happened One Night, Serving Sara relies heavily on Perry's perpetually exasperated shtick, which fits more comfortably among the democratic ensemble of TV's Friends." Manohla Dargis of the Los Angeles Times called it, "One of the more cynical and insulting Hollywood offerings in recent memory," saying that, "Unfunny and lacking any sense of commitment to or affection for its characters, the Reginald Hudlin comedy relies on toilet humor, ethnic slurs." In a review for The New York Times, Stephen Holden criticized the film for utilizing a similar cattle gag scene from the Farrelly brothers comedy Say It Isn't So to grab laughs from the audience, saying that "Some jokes, apparently, are just so uproarious they have to be recycled." He also gave note of the performances of Perry and Hurley, finding the latter coming out unscathed but felt the former doesn't do well because "his blocky, charmless screen presence and attitude of blustery impatience make the movie sometimes hard to watch."

Box office
The film opened at #6 at the U.S. box office and earned $5.7 million in its opening weekend. The film had a budget of $29 million and the film's total gross in the United States was $16.9 million. The film grossed a further $3,215,965 at the international box office.

title: Serving Sara


text: User talk:210.49.177.232

title: User talk:210.49.177.232


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Unfair games

Category:Unfair games was listed on December 5, 2004. Consensus was to delete. RedWolf 04:09, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)

The name isn't as POV as it seems; it refers to "games which are biased in a particular player's favor, assuming equal skill." In any event, it only has one item, and doesn't look like it will grow much. —tregoweth 04:50, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - unfair games are mentioned in game theory as a game where a given player has an advantage. According to this definition, the game does not have to be un-winable.  A google search for "game theory"+"unfair game" turns up 608 hits.  Among these hits is this one claiming Dreidel is an unfair game:  http://mathforum.org/library/resource_types/games/?keyid=11792260&start_at=51&num_to_see=50  This is a well known game so perhaps it will be added to this category with others.
 * Comment. Why isn't Tic-Tac-Toe in there? More seriously, I'm concerned that one of the two articles, Last stone game, includes two other uncreated categories, Category:Number games and Category:Tricks. This topic of game categories needs review by someone who is familiar with it. -Willmcw 11:16, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Well, now it has two entries but unfair games doesn't even have an article. RedWolf 06:35, Jan 17, 2005 (UTC)


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Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Gay or lesbian politicians

 * Category:Gay or lesbian politicians]] listed for deletion on January 8, 2005. Consensus was to delete.

I question the value of this category. I wonder, what is the intention? To me, it seems similar as creating categories that single out Jewish politicians in Christian countries. It gives me the impression that Wikipedia here serves to boost prejudices and reinforce negative perceptions by means that are not related to the policies and ideologies these politicians represent. /Tuomas 06:31, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't see the problem really. We have Category:Gay writers and a few others I've noted.--ZayZayEM 14:50, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or refocus to Category: Gay activists. Gay writers can at least be assumed to cover Gay themes with a certain degree of self-acquired experience, but people listed as (or factually being) gay politicians do not have to make much use of their sexual orientation in their role as politicians. Beside Tuomas' argument, I think it makes Wikipedia too much of a gossip source. Sexual orientation of politicians, of professionals, of athlets, of militaries are of limited relevance.Roy Cohn is probably an example of how this category is used for the purpose of defamation. --Ruhrjung 16:13, Jan 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Presumably you don't live in one of the many countries where such issues as gay marriage are being debated at government level. In circumstances such as these, gay politicians do make use of their sexual orientation in their role as politicians. Gay politicians and gay activists are overlapping categories, but nowhere near identical. Keep. Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 07:53, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * "Gay activists" is far too broad. If the current category invites speculation about closeted politicians, then change it to Category:Openly gay or lesbian politicians. BTW I don't get the Roy Cohn example; how is it defamatory, unless what's written in the article is untrue? Rd232 17:00, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe my grip of English is insufficient with regard to the meaning of defamation. I mean: How should his (closetted) sexual orientation be relevant? How should a summary of people with a certain stigma in a certain profession be relevant to anything? To me it has the taste Guilt by association, and of producing lists of Muslim shopkeepers, where patriots aren't supposed to do one's purchases, or of Jewish corporations whose products are to be shunned by Christians. Beware! --Ruhrjung 20:36, Jan 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, sexual orientation isnt relevant for categorization RustyCale 20:42, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. They are Gays who are politicians, there are Gay activists, and there are [locality] politicians, but I don't think there are "Gay politicians" per se. We wouldn't have a "left-handed politicians " category, though we might have separate categories for politicians and for lefties. -Willmcw 21:02, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep An imperfect analogy would be the 50's when magazines for African-Americans would report every appearance of a Black on television because there were so few of them. A gay politician, especially one who is fully open about their sexual orientation, is still fairly rare in the 21st century. I might have heard about many of those politicians in Southern California that are gay, but it is rare that I will know about a gay politician outside of California (for example Pim Fortuyn), and that is why the Category should be kept. On the other hand, this category should be used only for those politicians that are fully out, and shouldn't be used for speculation or "outing" anyone (such as the conservative S. Calif. Representative who may, or may not be, gay). Dead people, however, who might not have been out, but where the evidence is pretty convincing (e.g. Roy Cohn) should still be in this category. gK ¿? 02:37, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * If it's to stay it should at least have some of the more notable gay politicians such as Peter Mandelson, Peter Tatchell, Ron Davies or Nick Brown. And Jeremy Thorpe, maybe, too. I was interested to see Daniel O'Donnell there - but then I saw that it wasn't the famous one that's being referred to:) jguk 12:42, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * It seems that every time somebody creates a category even remotely connected to LGBT anything, somebody else tries to have it deleted. In fact, I seem to recall that when Category:Gay, lesbian or bisexual people came up here, somebody proposed breaking it down into smaller categories such as "Gay writers", "Gay politicians", "Gay activists", etc., and now that that's been done, somebody wants to delete those, too. Gay politician qua gay politician is still a notable thing in and of itself, precisely because there are still relatively few who are open about it, and it is a categorization of specific interest to many people. After all, people regularly maintain entire websites devoted just to listing famous LGBT people. Bottom line: there is no valid reason for deleting this category that doesn't ultimately boil down to flat-out homophobia. (And as for Roy Cohn, it's a recorded fact that he regularly had sex with men, and it's a recorded fact that he died of AIDS. I just don't see how it's defamation to call him what he quite obviously was.) Bearcat 23:08, 10 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * "as for Roy Cohn, it's a recorded fact that he regularly had sex with men, and it's a recorded fact that he died of AIDS"   I'm pretty sure that dying of AIDS is irrelevant to being gay.  I'm not quite sure that only gay people have sex with people of their own gender either.  I'm not against keeping this category, but I think it should only include people who have stated themselves that they are gay.  I also prefer Homosexual to Gay as being more clinical and precise in meaning, more suitable for an encyclopedia.  Gay is a little ambiguous. (Is it queer for someone to be a gay heterosexual?) Also prefer the term heterosexual to the term straight.  Just a comment.  Pedant 00:55, 2005 Jan 11 (UTC)

Delete Make it a list and not a category.Lokifer 22:51, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Seems to me that it's a valid sub-category of Category:Gay, lesbian or bisexual people, although it should be changed to include bisexuals and transfolk. Iotha 23:24, Jan 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, so he may have been bisexual. Sue me. But he regularly had sex with other men, so he definitely wasn't straight. (Straight people might experiment once or twice, I'll grant, but if it's a regular ongoing feature of their sex lives, straight they ain't.) And as for dying of AIDS, well, no, it's not diagnostic of being gay, but it does have some bearing on the fact that he was having sex with men. Bearcat 01:38, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, and I'm also sick of the argument that we shouldn't have gay categories if we don't have left-handed categories; the two are in no way comparable in their relevance to understanding a person's historical or cultural context. Bearcat 01:44, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (and not much reason not to, and some reason to, move to a bi- and trans-inclusive title). Samaritan 06:50, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Even if sexual orientation were a valid wikipedia classification (which I don't think it is), this is over-categorization.  What's next, Category:Adopted handicapped African-American gay or lesbian politicians from Arizona?  If you want this particular cross-section of information on wikipedia, then make a list article.  Postdlf 01:08, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or devolve to list - This is critical information for both pro-gay (to identify positive role models and allies) and anti-gay (to identify negative role models and enemies) advocates, and for the average citizen. An annotated list may be less likely to offend because it can say exactly why someone is included on the list.  However, we do have Category:Gay, lesbian or bisexual people.  After debating on Categorization of people, we decided to put little disclaimers at the top of some categories, including that one, and deal with ambiguity in terminology by stating clear inclusion criteria.  This category could/should have both of those, since the main one does.  I think I've voted previously to convert these categories to lists, where it would be much easier to distinguish gay from bi from maybe-gay from not-gay-wink-wink, for anyone who cares.  Though the lists we have, last time I checked, aren't particularly meticulous. But we should either do that for all the BLTG etc. categories, or none. -- Beland 11:41, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Some people are uncomfortable putting LBGT people in the spotlight, because it sounds to them like discrimination to point out people's differences.  Other people are uncomfortable leaving people in the dark about the sexual orientation of notable individuals because it makes them, as well as any discrimination they might experience, invisible.  It sounds like there are well-meaning, pro-LBGT people in both the "no darkness" and "no spotlight" camps who suspect everyone in the other camp of being anti-LBGT.  It would be funny if it weren't sad and a little alarming.  (Not that there aren't anti-LBGT folks around, though they are probably also split between the spotlight and darkness camps, wanting either to expose behavior they see as immoral to public shame, or to "protect the children" from what they see as negative role models, and so on.)  I hope that keeping that in mind will help make such debates more civil and more productive. -- Beland 11:41, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep please it's a useful category. CDThieme


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Bill Shadel

Willard Franklin "Bill" Shadel (July 31, 1908 – January 29, 2005) was an American news anchor for CBS Radio and ABC Television. Shadel was born in Milton, Wisconsin, one of five children and the younger of two sons of Franklin Luther and Ida Louise Pachel Shadel. He was musically talented and in his early years provided music for silent movies. He graduated from Andrews University in Michigan. Shadel assumed direction of the college band and orchestra in 1929, while still a student and then worked as an assistant program manager for the college's radio station, responsible for music presentations that included his performing as a soloist on marimba, saxophone, clarinet, and trombone and him directing bands and choirs for the station. His work as a soloist and with these groups, which also gave programs for the school, was an immediate hit with their members and the campus at large. While at Andrews University, he married Marion I. Kocher and they had two sons, Willard F., Jr. and Gerald I. He led the groups for two years following his graduation in 1932, while teaching political science courses, and then left to lead the band, orchestra, and choirs at Washington Missionary College, now Washington Adventist University, in Washington, D.C. He received a master's degree in history from the University of Michigan. Shadel began his career as a musician in silent-movie theaters before taking his marimba to live radio. Shadel began writing for The American Rifleman - a journal of the National Rifle Association of America (NRA). Shadel received press credentials from CBS and shipped overseas to cover the European Theater. His duties were taken over by his associate editors, and The American Rifleman carried articles and interviews by Shadel up until the end of the war. Edward R. Murrow recruited Shadel while he was working in Europe as a correspondent for the National Rifle Association. During World War II, Shadel covered the June 6, 1944, D-Day invasion for CBS Radio. During his years at CBS, Shadel worked alongside Murrow, Howard K. Smith, Walter Cronkite, and Eric Sevareid. He and Murrow were the first reporters in the German concentration camp at Buchenwald. They came by jeep and were swarmed by the starving and dying. Mr. Shadel said it was the memory of the living, not the multitudes of dead, that stayed with him most. After the war, Shadel reported from Washington, D.C., trying his hand at  television at WTOP-TV as a Capitol Hill reporter for the local CBS news program then anchored by Walter Cronkite. Each week on WTOP-TV, a local department store sponsored a fashion show; Shadel met and fell in love with one of the models. She became his wife of more than 56 years, Julie Strouse.

In 1954 Shadel became the first host of the Sunday-morning interview show Face the Nation. He later became one of several anchors for ABC's Evening News after John Charles Daly stepped down in 1960, and also that year moderated the third presidential debate between Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy. Anchored ABC's 12 hour coverage of John Glenn's three-orbit flight around the Earth in 1962. He left the news business in 1963, then taught as Professor of communications at the University of Washington until retiring 12 years later. Given the "Witness to the Truth" award by the Simon Wiesenthal Center in 1990. Shadel was the 1951 president of the Radio-Television Correspondents Association.

title: Bill Shadel


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BBC Philharmonic

The BBC Philharmonic is a national British broadcasting symphony orchestra and is one of five radio orchestras maintained by the British Broadcasting Corporation. The Philharmonic is a department of the BBC North Group division based at MediaCityUK, Salford. The orchestra's primary concert venue is the Bridgewater Hall, Manchester.

History
The 2ZY Orchestra was formed in 1922 for a Manchester radio station of the same name. It gave the first broadcast performances of many famous English works, including Elgar's Dream of Gerontius and Enigma Variations and Holst's The Planets. The orchestra was part-funded by the British Broadcasting Company (precursor of the BBC), and renamed the Northern Wireless Orchestra in 1926.

When the BBC Symphony Orchestra was established in London in 1930, the new Corporation cut its regional orchestras' funding. The Northern Wireless Orchestra was downsized to just nine players, and renamed the Northern Studio Orchestra.

Three years later, however, the BBC reversed its decision and maintained a full orchestra again – from 1934 it was called the BBC Northern Orchestra. This was the beginning of the orchestra in its present form. It rehearsed and broadcast from the Milton Hall, Deansgate, Manchester. The orchestra played at its first Prom in 1961, and regularly gave concerts at the Free Trade Hall, sharing the venue with the Hallé.

On 21 January 1967, the name of the orchestra was changed to the BBC Northern Symphony Orchestra. Following a labour dispute in 1980, the orchestra received a vote of confidence from the BBC in 1982. The BBC expanded the orchestra and changed its name to the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, or the BBC Philharmonic for short. Yan Pascal Tortelier was principal conductor of the orchestra from 1992 to 2002, and now holds the title of conductor laureate. Gianandrea Noseda became principal conductor of the orchestra in September 2002. In October 2006, the orchestra changed Noseda's title to chief conductor, in conjunction with his contract extension through 2010. Noseda concluded his tenure as chief conductor in 2011 and now has the title of conductor laureate along with Tortelier. In July 2010, the orchestra announced the appointment of Juanjo Mena as its next chief conductor, effective with the 2011–2012 season, with an initial contract of three years. Vassily Sinaisky, principal guest conductor of the orchestra from 1996 through January 2012, now has the title of conductor emeritus with the orchestra. In March 2011, the orchestra announced the appointment of John Storgårds as its next principal guest conductor, effective January 2012. In January 2017, the orchestra announced the appointment of Ben Gernon as its next principal guest conductor, as of the autumn of 2017. In parallel, Storgårds took the title of chief guest conductor of the orchestra. Mena concluded his tenure as principal conductor in the summer of 2018.

In March 2018, Omer Meir Wellber first guest-conducted the orchestra. On the basis of this appearance, in October 2018, the orchestra announced the appointment of Wellber as its next chief conductor, effective with the 2019-2020 season, with an initial contract of 4 years. Following his withdrawal from his two scheduled 2022 Proms appearances, Wellber was no longer listed as affiliated with the BBC Philharmonic as of the summer of 2022. Gernon likewise stood down as the orchestra's principal guest conductor in 2022. In November 2022, the orchestra named Storgårds its next chief conductor, with immediate effect. Ludovic Morlot currently has the title of artist-in-association with the orchestra.

Since September 2007, the orchestra has been in a major partnership with Salford City Council, enabling the Orchestra to build active links with Salford and its communities. In 2011, the BBC Philharmonic moved to their new dedicated 6,400 sq ft (590 m2) studio at dock10 studios in Media City, Salford Quays, along with a number of other BBC departments that made the move.

Performances
Like all BBC performing groups, the orchestra contributes to the schedule of BBC Radio 3. Since 1996, most of the orchestra's live performances have been at the city's Bridgewater Hall, although it frequently tours the UK and internationally.

Whilst not having a formal "composer in residence", since 1991, the orchestra has appointed major composers to collaborate in programs of contemporary music, including Peter Maxwell Davies, James MacMillan, and HK Gruber. In more recent years, the orchestra has collaborated with BBC Radio 1 in producing orchestral performance with modern artists, including symphonies with bands Nero, The xx and The 1975.

The BBC Philharmonic has made over 150 recordings, including series of British film music, the music of George Enescu, and Stokowski's Bach transcriptions have been featured, all on the Chandos label.

Principal conductors

 * Charles Groves (1944–1951)
 * John Hopkins (1952–1957)
 * George Hurst (1958–1968)
 * Bryden Thomson (1968–1973)
 * Raymond Leppard (1973–1980)
 * Edward Downes (1980–1991)
 * Yan Pascal Tortelier (1992–2002)
 * Gianandrea Noseda (2002–2011)
 * Juanjo Mena (2011–2018)
 * Omer Meir Wellber (2019–2022)
 * John Storgårds (2022–present)

title: BBC Philharmonic


text: User talk:67.160.91.103

title: User talk:67.160.91.103


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Ulick na gCeann Burke, 1st Earl of Clanricarde

Ulick na gCeann Burke, 12th Clanricarde or Mac William Uachtar, 1st Earl of Clanricarde (died 1544; styled MacWilliam, and na-gCeann, meaning "of the Heads", "having made a mount of the heads of men slain in battle which he covered up with earth") was an Irish noble and son of Richard Mór Burke, 9th Clanricarde (d. 1530) by a daughter of Madden of Portumna.

Biography
Ulick succeeded his father to the headship of his clan, and held estates in County Galway. In March 1541 he wrote to Henry VIII, lamenting the degeneracy of his family, which had rebelled against England in the mid-14th century, and "which have been brought to Irish and disobedient rule by reason of marriage and nurseing [sic] with those Irish, sometime rebels, near adjoining to me", and placing himself and his estates in the king's hands. The same year he was present at Dublin, when an act was passed making Henry VIII King of Ireland.

In 1543, in company with other Irish chiefs, he visited the King at Greenwich and made full submission in accordance with the King's policy of "surrender and regrant". He was confirmed in the captainship and rule of Clanricarde, and on 1 July 1543, he was created Earl of Clanricarde and Baron of Dunkellin in the peerage of Ireland. He was regranted the greater part of his former estates, with the addition of other lands. The grant of the English titles was conditional upon the abandonment of native titles, the adoption of English customs and laws, the pledging of allegiance to the English crown, apostasy from the Roman Catholic Church, and conversion to the Anglican Church. In his review of the state of Ireland in 1553, Lord Chancellor Cusake stated "[t]he making of McWilliam earl of Clanricarde made all the country during his time quiet and obedient."

He did not live long to enjoy his new English dignities, but died shortly after returning to Ireland in about March 1544. He is called by the annalist of Loch Cé "a haughty and proud lord," who reduced many under his yoke, and by the Four Masters "the most illustrious of the English in Connaught".

Marriages and family
Burke married three times. Firstly, he was married to Grany or Grace, daughter of Mulrone O'Carroll. This marriage was the only one declared valid and he eventually divorced her. They had a son:
 * Richard, who eventually succeeded him as Second Earl of Clanricarde.

Secondly, he married Honora de Burgh, sister of Ulick de Burgh. He later divorced her as well.

Thirdly, he married Maire Lynch. They had a son:
 * John Burke, who claimed the earldom in 1568.

According to Burke's Peerage, he had several other sons, Thomas "the Athlete" Burke (shot in 1545), Redmond "of the Broom" Burke (died 1595), and Edmund Burke (died 1597).

Legacy
As a result of his marriages and relationships, there were a number of candidates contending for the titles of Clanricarde and Earl. The eventual successor was Ulick's eldest legitimate son, Richard Sassanach Burke, 2nd Earl of Clanricarde.

Genealogy

 * Richard an Fhorbhair de Burgh (d.1343)
 * Sir William (Ulick) de Burgh (d. 1343/53), 1st Mac William Uachtar (Upper Mac William) or Clanricarde (Galway)
 * Richard Óg Burke (d. 1387), 2nd Clanricarde
 * Ulick an Fhiona Burke (d. 1424), 3rd Clanricarde
 * Ulick Ruadh Burke (d. 1485), 5th Clanricarde
 * Edmund Burke (d. 1466)
 * Ricard of Roscam (d. 1517)
 * John mac Richard Mór Burke (d. 1536), 10th Clanricarde
 * Ulick Fionn Burke (d.1509), 6th Clanricarde
 * Ulick Óge Burke (d. 1520), 8th Clanricarde
 * Richard Mór Burke (d. 1530), 9th Clanricarde
 * Ulick na gCeann Burke (d. 1544), 12th Clanricarde, 1st Earl of Clanricarde (1543)
 * Richard Bacach Burke (d. 1538), 11th Clanricarde
 * Richard Óge Burke (d. 1519), 7th Clanricarde
 * Sir Uilleag Burke (d. 1551), 13th Clanricarde
 * William mac Ulick Burke (d. 1430), 4th Clanricarde
 * Edmund de Burgh (d. 1410)


text:
***

***, a series of three asterisks, may refer to:

 * *** (novel), a 1994 novel by Michael Brodsky
 * Dinkus, a row of 3 spaced asterisks (* * *) usually used to indicate a section break
 * Asterism (typography) (⁂), three asterisks in a triangle, a variant of the dinkus
 * Therefore sign (∴), three dots in a triangle


text:
User talk:Mah weigiap

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will normally be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.Geni 04:21, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mah weigiap


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Karen Lancaume

Karen Lancaume (born Karine Bach, 19 January 1973 – 28 January 2005) was a French pornographic film actress. She appeared in over 83 pornographic films between 1996 and 2000. She starred as Nadine in the 2000 film, Baise-moi, a mainstream film in which she performed unsimulated penetration and fellatio.

She was a nominee for the Best French Actress Hot d'Or in March 2000.

Early life
Karine Bach was born in the suburbs of Lyon, France, into a wealthy family. Her father was German and her mother was Moroccan. She spent her childhood in the Lyon countryside and completed her studies in communications.

She stated that she had her first sexual experience at the age of 17, just before embarking on her university course, and that she worked weekends at a nightclub to pay for her studies. At the nightclub, she met Franck Ceronne, a disc jockey, whom she married. The couple divorced in 1997.

Career
In 1996, to escape their crippling debts, at Franck's suggestion, the couple began working as a couple in pornographic films. In the film L'Indécente aux enfer (1997) she for the first time performed unsimulated sex scenes with other partners. The couple divorced shortly after. Following their divorce, Franck quit the pornographic film industry but Karen continued to appear in pornographic films both in Europe and the United States. Lancaume's debut in the United States was in Private Gold 25 - When the Night Falls.

She later worked with European porn film directors, including Mario Salieri, Alain Payet and Luca Damiano, whose films highlighted oral and anal sex, double penetrations, lesbianism and orgies.

Her appearances alternated between the two continents, working with producers Elegant Angel, Wicked Pictures and Sin City, and directors Marc Dorcel, Mario Salieri, Andrew Blake, Alain Payet, Alessandro Del Mar, and Luca Damiano.

She appeared in Exhibitions 1999 (John B. Root, 1998), a pornographic film shot as a documentary on the porn scene, which combined interviews with the protagonists. Lancaume came to feel distaste for her work, saying in an interview: "I was covered in spunk, wet, freezing to death and no one even offered me a towel. When the scene ends, you are worthless."

In 1999, she exhibited at the Cannes Film Festival, and met Virginie Despentes, who was seeking actresses to perform explicit unsimulated sex in her first film Baise-moi (Fuck Me, Virginie Despentes and Coralie Trinh Thi, 2000). In addition to Lancaume, Raffaëla Anderson, another French porn actress, was also chosen. The film is based on the novel by Virginie, which narrates the encounter between Nadine (Karen) and Manu (Raffaëla) and her subsequent flight, transformed into an vengeance against society and the male gender.

Despentes described her début as a feminist argument in the style of Thelma and Louise but with real sex scenes, rape and murder. Following the film, Anderson decided to pursue a career in mainstream film, while Lancaume started easing her workload compared to previous years. She eventually abandoned the pornographic industry in 2002, after six years in the business.

Death
Lancaume died by suicide on 28 January 2005, by taking an overdose of temazepam and alcohol, in her ex-boyfriend's apartment in Paris, France. She was 32.

Filmography

 * Black Bastard 12 (video) (2002)
 * La marionnette (video) (2001)
 * Lady Chérie (video) (as Karen Lacome) (2001)
 * À feu et à sexe sur la Riviera (video) (2001)
 * Alta borghesia (video) (as Karen Lacombe) (2000)
 * Baise-moi as Nadine (as Karen Bach) (2000)
 * Harcèlement au féminin (video) (2000)
 * Inferno (video) (2000)
 * Les interdits de la gynéco (video) as Le docteur Lancaume (2000)
 * Niqueurs-nés (video) (1999)
 * L'empreinte du vice (video) as Maid in the bordello (1999)
 * Acteurs porno en analyse (video) (1999)
 * World Sex Tour 21: France (video) (1999)
 * Anal Power 3 (video) (1999)
 * Danila Visconti (video) (1999)
 * Hotdorix (video) (1999)
 * Il residence della vergogna (video) (1999)
 * Le château des désirs (video) (1999)
 * L'enjeu du désir (video) (1999)
 * Le principe de plaisir (video) (1998)
 * Cindy (video) as Veronica (1998)
 * Lili (video) (1998)
 * Girl of Casino (1998)
 * Mad Sex (video) (1998)
 * An American Girl in Paris (video) (1998)
 * Bérénice nique (video) (1998)
 * Don Tonino (video) (1998)
 * Exhibition 99 (1998)
 * Fuga dall'Albania (video) as Helen (1998)
 * Journal d'une infirmière (video) (1998)
 * Necrofilia (video) (1998)
 * Racconti dall'oltretomba (video) (1998)
 * Le fétichiste (video) (1997)
 * The 5 Beginners (video) (1997)
 * Sacro e profano (video) (as Karen Lancoume) (1997)
 * La maledizione del castello (video) (1997)
 * Antefutura (video) (1997)
 * Bourgeoisie violée (video) (1997)
 * Incest' Air (video) as La fille (1997)
 * La mante religieuse (video) (1997)
 * Papà, ti scopo tua moglie (video) (1997)
 * Sexe en Eaux Troubles (video) (1997)
 * Private Gold 25: When the Night Falls (video) (1997)
 * Teeny Exzesse 48 - Sperma zum Dessert (video) (1997)
 * Teeny Exzesse 51 - Karbol-Mäuschen (video) (1997)
 * Oberstabsärztin (video) (as Carene Lancome) (1997)
 * L'indécente aux enfers (video) (1997)
 * World Sex Tour 15: France (video) (1996)

 * Le Majordome (video) (1995)

title: Karen Lancaume


text:
Joaquín Villalobos

Joaquín Villalobos (born 1951 in San Salvador) is an international authority on security and conflict resolution, and was formerly a Salvadoran guerrilla leader and politician. He is alleged to have been involved in the murder of the Salvadoran poet, Roque Dalton.

Villalobos was one of the main leaders of the People's Revolutionary Army, or Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, a group that emerged in El Salvador in the early 1970s as a loose federation of cells with roots in various Marxist and left-wing Catholic groups. The ERP was one of the five organizations that joined together in 1980 to form the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front during the Salvadoran Civil War, in which left-wing guerrillas fought El Salvador’s military-dominated and US-backed right-wing government. An economics student and left-wing activist, Villalobos joined the ERP in 1971, at the age of 19. He has since been accused of involvement in the killing in 1975 of Roque Dalton, the revolutionary poet and fellow ERP leader who was shot by his comrades after a power struggle in the group led to accusations that he was a CIA spy. At the time, the killing led to splits and recriminations within the ERP and criticism from other leftists, but after 1980 Villalobos rose to become one of the FMLN’s main military strategists. The ERP under his leadership has been described as “the most efficient military organisation on the Salvadoran left” during the civil war, with Villalobos developing a “reputation for brash strategic brilliance”. The Financial Times described Villalobos as "The true master of 20th-century Latin American guerrilla warfare", above Che Guevara.

He subsequently played a major role in the negotiations that ended the civil war, presenting himself as the conciliatory face of the ERP. In 1992, the year in which the peace agreement was signed, The New York Times described him as a “feared military commander with a reputation for ruthlessness”, but also noted his admission of errors in the rebels’ tactics and his stated regret for many of the killings they had been involved in.

As a result of the 1992 peace accords, the FMLN was legalized as a political party. Villalobos remained a member until 1995, when he and other former leaders of the ERP split from the FMLN to form a new centrist political party, the Democratic Party, which signed a deal with the then government accepting a series of neoliberal reforms.

Villalobos became an outspoken critic of the left in Latin American countries.

In the 1990s, Villalobos went to England to study at St Antony's College, Oxford on a scholarship funded by the British Foreign Office. He obtained a Master's Degree from St Antony's College and is now a visiting scholar there.

Villalobos has advised various governments and politicians on security and conflict resolution. He has served as a consultant on peacemaking efforts in countries including Colombia, Mexico, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Northern Ireland. He has also advised the UN, served as an advisor to the Center of Cooperation Initiatives for Development at the University of Alcalá de Henares and as a member of the Inter-American Dialogue in Washington DC, USA. Villalobos has also been asked for his advice with respect to Islamic State.

In 2015, Villalobos was named one of the fifty most influential Ibero-American intellectuals.

In December 2016, Villalobos, along with Jonathan Powell, Bill Ury and Shlomo Ben-Ami, was awarded a medal by President Juan Manuel Santos of Colombia, in recognition of his contribution to the successful Colombian peace process.

title: Joaquín Villalobos


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Machinedramon

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Delete 10 / Keep 3 / Merge 3. -- AllyUnion (talk) 12:07, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Machinedramon
This is obscure details of an anime series. Wikipedia is not a fan site. The same goes for all the articles contributed by user 68.200.81.62. --70.104.81.173 04:29, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I disagree I think as long as they are not too long and complicated I think they should be okay. I am also the one contributating information and the occasional summaries to help User 68.200.81.62. I admit that that user needs to work on spelling and sentance grammer but other then that I like it. Heck I am also the one who created the knowledgeable summary for the Legendary Warriors and am also the one who helped make sure that Japanese Digimon Information was in the summaries. So in other words I have also been a major player in this as well. So my decsion is that you are taking this a little to far. Keep 24.20.153.45
 * What links here (for Machinedramon): Digimon, Agumon, WarGreymon, MetalGreymon,	Piedmon, Digimon: Digital Monsters (anime). 5050 web and 667 Usenet hits. Unless a merging swath is cut through Digimon characters, of which this seems to be an entirely notable one, keep. Samaritan 04:48, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per above but no oppostion to merging (in swathes, not individual articles). Kappa 06:59, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as it hold information on the show & the offical profile gaven about it by Bandai.
 * Delete. The problem I have with all of these is that people like me who aren't interested in Digimon have no way to know which of the characters are notable without doing mind-numbing research on the subject, which none of us want to do.  But the people who are interested in Digimon think that every last Digimon character is absolutely above the threshold of notability for inclusion in a general encyclopedia like Wikipedia.  It makes no sense to me that we have a notability test for the biographies of actual people, and we have no such test for Digimon (etc) characters.  This undermines the Wikipedia in a major way.  How many times have you read something like: "(fill in the blank) is definitely more notable than Machinedramon, and we do have an article on Machinedramon".  Digimon/Pokemon characters (along with Star Trek episodes) are almost the paradigm example of things which ALMOST ANYTHING is more notable than.   For this reason, my opinion is that no individual Digimon character is notable enough for a general encyclopedia and every single last one of these articles, including this one, should be deleted, transwikied to Wikimon (or something) or else merged into one or a few summary articles about Digimon.  --BM 21:48, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not encyclopedic. Wyss 22:07, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I agree 100% with User:BM: we need some standards for notability of cartoon characters.   — Gwalla | Talk 02:08, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Most of these Digimon articles resemble utter gibberish ("Drambuiemon is a mutant digimon who is derived from the Great Volovoron. His powers were granted by Drabblemon.  He fights little pink newts.  Attacks: Lice, Peanuts.  He lifts in baby form.") and it's hard to tell which ones are notable.  Indeed, it would be hard to know if there weren't someone generating hoax Digimon articles.  (Pop quiz: Without checking, are you able to tell whether the example that I gave is a hoax?)  As it is, these articles are fiction masquerading as fact.  I've added  to several as I have seen them added, in the hope that at least it would nudge the Digimon-Dumpers into checking their fiction, but that hasn't happened.  And a look at how many dangling hyperlinks there still are in List of Digimon gives me a feeling of dread.  Perhaps a Merge the lot, or failing that Delete, will get the message across. Uncle G 02:26, 2005 Feb 6 (UTC)
 * Delete, fancruft, article as it stands is unencyclopaedic. Megan1967 02:28, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Uncle G's argument about the verifiability of the article. Rossami (talk) 05:24, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Grue 10:33, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. ugen 64 16:05, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (unsigned vote by an anon user, 68.200.81.62, therefore invalid)
 * Delete. Or let them create a new Wiki just for Digimon as BM has suggested above. -- RHaworth 22:56, 2005 Feb 9 (UTC)
 * Keep. Not delete. At least merge it into one article if you're going to do that. ✏ Oven Fresh  ²  02:40, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Merge with Digimon. -- AllyUnion (talk) 05:28, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I don't like it, but Digimon are notable. Hordes of kids are obsessed about them. However, a seperate wiki or notability standards would really help. And I'd like to ask Pokemon fans to assist the Digimon people in formatting the pages into a more appealing look. They seem to have the taxobox thing down. Mgm|(talk) 13:19, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * That may be true, but nobody is proposing that Digimon be deleted. It seems a logical fallacy to conclude from the fact that Digimon is notable and merits an article that every single aspect of Digimon, including all the separate characters, is notable and merits its own article.  Just because the Digimon company keeps churning out characters so that they can sell comic books, TV episodes, trading cards, and action figures, doesn't mean that Wikipedia needs an article on each one of them.   --BM 14:07, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Cal T

Welcome
--Slowking Man 04:30, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)

Great Orchestral Article
Cal,
 * You have some definite skills.

You must have been an Art Critic for a time.
 * Glad to see you here, and I'd love to open up a dialogue with you.

I've learned a bit about tables and experimented with both HTML tables and Wiki Tables.
 * You can steal some of my code if its clear enough. I still need to work on my style, but I'm getting there.

Talk to you soon.

--Noisecontrol 21:48, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)Chris

Thanks for Guide dog
I wanted to thank and compliment you on recording Guide dog for the spoken Wikipedia project--very well done! Demi T/C
 * Agreed, I just listened to it and thought it was very well done. —jiy (talk) 06:33, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

Category:UK Wikipedians
Hi, just to let you know that the list of UK participants at the UK notice board was getting rather long, so I have replaced it with the above category which I have added to your user page. -- Francs2000 | Talk 30 June 2005 18:56 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Wikiproject Spoken Wikipedia Revival
Hello, I'm Jamesjpk. I wanted to let you know that the Wikiproject Spoken Wikipedia, has been tagged with a semi-active tag. I am messaging you about this because you are listed under the wiki-project's list of active participants. Please contribute to the WikiProject if you want to keep it alive! I hope that it becomes active again! Jamesjpk (talk) 22:25, 9 April 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cal T


text:
Wilhelm Sihler

Wilhelm Sihler (November 12, 1801 – October 27, 1885) was a German American Lutheran minister. A proponent for Christian education, Wilhelm Sihler founded Concordia Theological Seminary, in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

Biography
Wilhelm Sihler was born in Germany in Bernstadt, near Breslau, in the historical region of Lower Silesia. He studied in Berlin 1826–29. He was employed as a private tutor in Breslau during 1829 and 1830. He was an instructor at a private college in Dresden during 1830. From 1838 until 1843 he worked as a private tutor within the Baltic area.

Sihler immigrated to the United States in 1843. He served as a teacher in Pomeroy, Ohio, and vicinity during 1844. He was ordained within the Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio in June 1844. Sihler served as the third pastor of St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Fort Wayne, Indiana.

Wilhelm Sihler had arrived in America as the result of a call for help by F.C.D. Wyneken. Pastor Wyneken had arrived in Fort Wayne in 1838 to find that the only pastor in Indiana had died a few days before. Shocked at the condition of the Lutheran church in the area, Wyneken returned to Germany to search for new pastors willing to emigrate. In June 1841, Pastor Wyneken met with and sought assistance from Dr. Wilhelm Löhe. Sihler was one of those who read Wyneken's The Distress of the German Lutherans in North America (German: Die Noth der deutschen Lutheraner in Nordamerika) and decided to leave his home country for America.

In September 1846, Wilhelm Sihler started a small seminary in the parsonage at St. Paul's Lutheran Church of Fort Wayne. This marked the foundation of the Concordia Theological Seminary. The seminary trains pastors for the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod. Sihler was also the father of prominent classicist Ernest Gottlieb Sihler.

Sihler encouraged zeal and love for the Word of God and the Lutheran Confessions. He especially criticized the General Synod for lacking these, claiming that their leaders, for example, Samuel Simon Schmucker, were apostate "open counterfeiters, Calvinists, Methodists, and Unionists... traitors and destroyers of the Lutheran Church".

title: Wilhelm Sihler


text: User talk:66.121.26.50

title: User talk:66.121.26.50