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Apatin

Apatin (Апатин, Apatin, Apatin) is a town and municipality located in the West Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2022 census, the population of the town is 14,613, while the municipality has 23,155 inhabitants.

Name
In Serbian, the town is known as Apatin (Апатин), while the same name is also used in Romanian, Croatian (Šokac), and Hungarian. In German it was called Abthausen. According to some claims, the name Apatin is derived from the old form Opaty, by which the town was first mentioned in the 11th century.

Geography
The Municipality of Apatin is located on the left bank of the Danube river between the municipalities of Sombor (to the northeast) and Odžaci (to the southeast).

Apatin is situated in the north-western part of the spacious plain in Bačka, on the left side of the Danube. It is in the autonomous province of Vojvodina.

History
The favourable geographic position, proximity to the Danube, and natural wealth of this area (fruitful ground, woods next to the river, abundance of fish in swampy regions and backwaters, and game in woods) attracted people through all ages and made them settle here. Because of these reasons, even in pre-historic times, cultures such as the Sarmatians, the Celts, the Goths and many others were replacing each other within this region, one by one.

In the first century, during the Roman conquest, the settlement was turned into a military trench with fortifications, and played an important role in the defense of the Pannonia province. Subsequently, the area came under control of the Huns, Gepids and Avars. In the sixth century the Slavs settled, and in the ninth century, the area was included into the Bulgarian Empire. Bulgarian duke Salan who had residence in Titel ruled over region of Bačka. In the tenth century the Hungarians came to Central Europe, thereby establishing a state, which was populated by both, Hungarians and Slavs.

The first mentioning of Apatin in any written script was in the year 1011, by the Abbey of Kalocsa Bishopric. According to other source, Apatin was firstly mentioned in 1407. During this time, settlement was part of the Bodrogiensis County within the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.

During the 14th and 15th centuries, the area became feudalistic, and in exchange for lands, the vassals would need to complete military service to the lord of the property. Many fishermen, hunters, and millers then began to settle down in this area.

In 1417, Apatin is mentioned as a property of Stefan Lazarević, who was crowned as the Despot of Serbia in 1402. In 1526-1527 it belonged to the short-lived Serb state of Emperor Jovan Nenad, and soon after (in 1541) this area became part of the Ottoman Empire. During the Ottoman administration Apatin was part of the Sanjak of Segedin and was mainly populated by ethnic Serbs.

In the end of the 17th century it became part of the Habsburg monarchy. Many of the refugees during the massive migration of Serbs led by Arsenije Čarnojević in 1690, came to Apatin, Sombor and Prigrevica, thus the Serb population in this area increased. A new wave of colonisation occurred in 1748 when many German colonists settled in Apatin, pushing out the Serbs mostly by force, who then evacuated towards Stapar. The German colonists came from many different regions. The gathering centre was in Ulm, Germany and from that point they were transported by the Danube to Apatin, which became the main base of the German expansion in Vojvodina. The church was built near the port and the city square was also built at this time. The real estate value of buildings, such as schools, fishermen's station, hand craft's workshops, began to rise.

The Chamber of Court decided to put forth economic objectives to better the economy, and in 1756 the brewery and distillery were built. In 1764 a large textiles factory was built. In 1760 Apatin was officially proclaimed a town and a main trade centre with a special status.

At the end of the 18th century, a catastrophic flood destroyed the old town square, and ruined half of the settlement. The new square was built north-westward from the brewery. The town as seen today, began to take shape. During the 18th and in the early part of 19th century, Apatin had prospered economically, mostly because of developed trade, handcraft and shipbuilding.

During the initial years of the Habsburg administration, Apatin was administratively a part of the Batsch County within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. Subsequently, it was included into the newly formed Batsch-Bodrog County. In 1848-1849 Apatin was part of the Serbian Voivodship, a Serb autonomous region within Austrian Empire, and between 1849 and 1860 it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, a separate Austrian province. After abolishment of the voivodeship, in 1860 it was again included into Batsch-Bodrog County within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, which became one of two autonomous parts of the Monarchy after 1867. In the year of 1869 numerous banks and saving-banks were established, and that opened the door to industrial development. A great number of brickyards produced brick and tile, which were used to construct many buildings in Vienna and almost all in Pest. In 1912 Apatin was connected to Sombor and Sonta by the railroad, and the following year, a shipyard was founded. Today, the shipyard has been modernized as it the only shipyard on the whole Danube which has a special lift for quickly drawing boats out onto the docks. According to 1910 census, most of the inhabitants of Apatin spoke the German language.

In 1918, as part of Banat, Bačka and Baranja, Apatin became part of the Kingdom of Serbia, which later together with the Kingdom of Montenegro and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs formed the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929). In 1918–1919, Apatin was part of the Banat, Bačka and Baranja region and also (from 1918 to 1922) part of the Novi Sad District. Between 1922 and 1929, the town was part of the Bačka Oblast and between 1929 and 1941, part of the Danube Banovina, one of the provinces of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

When Axis Powers invaded, occupied and partitioned Yugoslavia in 1941, Apatin was included into Bács-Bodrog County within the Horthy's Hungary. The town remained under Axis control until 1944. During the Battle of Batina, the front was stretched all the way to Apatin and Bogojevo, and these places became military bases overnight. Yugoslav Partisans entered Apatin on October 24, 1944, and since then Apatin was part of the Yugoslav Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, which (from 1945) was part of the People's Republic of Serbia within the new Socialist Yugoslavia.

In 1944, as a consequence of World War II events in Yugoslavia, one part of Yugoslav citizens of German ethnicity left from the area, together with defeated German army. The antifascist council for deliberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) declared the remaining German population as public enemies and sent them to communist prison camps, where one part of them died from disease, cold and malnutrition. The death toll among the German population of Apatin amounts to 2,074 people known by name. This figure includes the victims of deportation to the USSR. After prison camps were dissolved (in 1948), most of the remaining German population left Yugoslavia in subsequent decades, mainly because of economic reasons. After the war, Apatin was populated by (mainly Serb) settlers from other parts of Yugoslavia, largely from Lika. Population censuses conducted after World War II recorded Serbs as the largest ethnic group in the town.

Between 1992 and 2003, Apatin was part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, between 2003 and 2006 part of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, and since 2006 it is part of an independent Serbia.

Inhabited places
Apatin municipality includes the city of Apatin and the following villages:
 * Kupusina
 * Prigrevica
 * Svilojevo
 * Sonta

Demographics
According to the last official census done in 2011, the municipality of Apatin has 28,929 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups in the municipality
As many as 24 ethnic groups live in the Apatin municipality, including:
 * Serbs = 18,164 (62.79%)
 * Hungarians = 3,102 (10.72%)
 * Croats = 3,015 (10.42%)
 * Romanians = 1,148 (3.97%)
 * Romani = 654 (2.26%)
 * Others (including Montenegrins, (Macedonians)Bulgarians, Bosniaks, Germans, Slovaks, etc.).

Settlements by ethnic majority
Settlements with a Serb ethnic majority are Apatin and Prigrevica. The settlement with a Croat/Šokac ethnic majority is Sonta. Settlements with Hungarian ethnic majority are Kupusina and Svilojevo.

Ethnic groups in the town

 * Serbs = 13,990 (72.41%)
 * Romanians = 967 (5.01%)
 * Hungarians = 848 (4.39%)
 * Croats = 658 (3.41%)
 * Yugoslavs = 612 (3.17%)
 * Roma = 369 (1.91%)
 * Germans = 142 (0.74%)
 * Montenegrins = 100 (0.52%)
 * Others.

Spa
Near the city of Apatin lies the Junaković spa. It is a modern and well-equipped rehabilitation and recreation centre with sports fields, outdoor pools, indoor therapy, and saunas.

Buildings
Major buildings in Apatin include the new Orthodox Christian cathedral, the Catholic church of The Assumption of Mary (built in the 18th century), the Apatin city hall, and the Speiser mausoleum.

Economy
As of September 2017, Apatin has one of 14 free economic zones established in Serbia. It covers 160 hectares of ground next to river Danube, and forms so called "Free Port Apatin" ("Slobodna zona Apatin").

The largest companies in Apatin today are the Apatin Brewery, "Jedinstvo" (agricultural company) and "Apatin Shipyard" (formerly known as Boris Kidrič Shipyard).

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):

Tourist attraction
Apatin has popular tourist location, and because of its proximity to the Danube river and the forests, it is gathering place for fishermen and hunters. There is also an annual gathering called Apatinske ribarske večeri (Apatin Fishermen Nights), which has taken place for the last forty some years. Ribarske večeri usually starts on July 1, and lasts five or seven days.

Sport
Apatin has a rich history in sports. Željko Rebrača is by far the most famous athlete from this area, but in the past, Apatin has had athletes represent Yugoslavia (and now Serbia) on the international stage. Today, some of the well known professional sports clubs are:
 * FK Mladost - member of the Serbia First League Soccer Association
 * RK Apatin - member of the Serbia Second League Handball Association

Notable natives and residents

 * Paul Abraham, composer of Jewish-Hungarian descent
 * Frank Dancevic, Serbian-Canadian tennis player whose father hails from Apatin
 * Nenad Medić, poker player
 * Gyula Pártos, Hungarian architect
 * Lajos Szűcs, Hungarian footballer
 * Željko Rebrača, basketball player
 * Ervin Šinko, writer of Croatian–Hungarian descent

title: Apatin


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Rokkō Island

Rokkō Island (六甲アイランド) is a man-made island in Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan. It is located in the southeast region of the Port of Kobe. The island has a 3.4 by 2 km rectangular shape and covers 5.80 km2. The residential area of the island, featuring apartment buildings—many with views of the sea—and single family homes, is located in the center of the island. A green belt separates the residential area from industrial and port activities. The two international schools located on the island attract many foreign residents to the island.

Creation
Kobe is a long and narrow city wedged between the coast to the south and the Rokkō Mountains to the north. As Kobe's population grew, there was no more space to expand. This situation is similar to the rest of Japan, which has an abundance of dense forests and a shortage of livable land. Urban planners in Kobe created new land by using rock from nearby mountains.

Workers sliced off the tops of some of the heavily wooded local mountains to the northwest of the city. A ten-mile long underground conveyor belt was created to move the reclaimed land into the sea. A conveyor carried the rock and earth to barges, which dumped the contents two miles out into the bay. The project took almost twenty years, from 1973 until 1992, to construct. The 1400 acre island is shaped like a rectangle.

Rokkō Island is not the first island that Kobe city planners had built. Port Island was completed a decade before Rokkō Island. In 1173, Taira no Kiyomori, a military leader of the late Heian period of Japan, built an island known as Kyogashima.

Access
There are two main forms of public transportation to the island. The Rokko Liner, an automated guideway transit system, runs on an elevated viaduct through the central axis of the island and connects to the mainland. The Rokkō Liner stops at three stations on the island: Marine Park, Island Center, and Island Kita-Guchi. It connects Rokkō Island to Minami Uozaki, Uozaki Station on the Hanshin Line and Sumiyoshi Station on the JR Kobe Line. The Kobe Minato Kanko Bus is another option.

The Harbor Highway is a toll road which links in Sannomiya and Port Island from Rokko Island. The Hanshin Expressway Route 5 Wangan Route heads to Osaka. Limousine buses depart from the Kobe Bay Sheraton Hotel to Kansai Airport or to Universal Studios Japan. Ferry boats (Hankyu Ferry and Ferry Sunflower) leave the island every day for Kyushu and Shikoku.

Economy
The major business on the island is related to the Kobe-Osaka International Port Corporation which operated both port container terminals, port liner berths and port ferry terminals. Several manufacturing companies also operate on the island including the chocolatier, Morozoff Ltd. The Asia One Center used to house the P&G Japan Head Office. Rokkō Island also features businesses catering to the local residents and tourists including two hotels, shopping, and restaurants.

Universities

 * Kobe International University

Public schools
All are operated by Kobe municipality:
 * Rokkō Island High School
 * Kōyō Junior High School (神戸市立向洋中学校) - Covers all chome in all three districts in Rokko Island
 * Rokkō Island Elementary School (神戸市立六甲アイランド小学校)
 * Koyochohigashi and Koyochonaka 1-4 and 9-chome
 * Kōyō Elementary School (神戸市立向洋小学校)
 * Koyochonishi and Koyochonaka 5-8-chome

International schools

 * Canadian Academy
 * Deutsche Schule Kobe/European School

Sports and leisure
Residents can walk, run, or bike on the 5 km long green belt pathway that encircles the island. At Marine Park, there are views of a row of palm trees and the Pacific Ocean. The River Mall is an artificial river about one kilometer long that flows through the center of the island. In the summer, many children play in the wading pool. There are also several playgrounds on the island.

There is a community fitness center with exercise equipment, classes, and an indoor lap pool. Residents can play tennis or take lessons. There is an indoor skateboarding park. There are also several places to play futsal. A waterpark opens during the summer.

Museums
Two museums are located on Rokkō Island. Kobe City Koiso Memorial Museum of Art is a small museum that commemorates the works of Kobe botanical artist Ryohei Koiso. The museum features a replica of his art studio, an art library, and three exhibition rooms.

The island is also home to the Kobe Fashion Museum, located in a futuristic-looking building, with exhibits on the history of fashion, seasonal exhibitions, and a library.

Events on the island
Christmas caroling and a farmer's market are just two of the events held throughout the year for island residents and visitors to enjoy. People of various nationalities dance bon odori together during the RIC Summer Evening Carnival. The Rokkō Island Halloween and Harvest Festival is an annual event featuring a costume parade, costume contest, pumpkin carving, a haunted house, live shows, and trick-or-treating.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rokkō Island


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Betamethasone

Betamethasone is a steroid medication. It is used for a number of diseases including rheumatic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, skin diseases such as dermatitis and psoriasis, allergic conditions such as asthma and angioedema, preterm labor to speed the development of the baby's lungs, Crohn's disease, cancers such as leukemia, and along with fludrocortisone for adrenocortical insufficiency, among others. It can be taken by mouth, injected into a muscle, or applied to the skin, typically in cream, lotion, or liquid forms.

Serious side effects include an increased risk of infection, muscle weakness, severe allergic reactions, and psychosis. Long-term use may cause adrenal insufficiency. Stopping the medication suddenly following long-term use may be dangerous. The cream commonly results in increased hair growth and skin irritation. Betamethasone belongs to the glucocorticoid class of medication. It is a stereoisomer of dexamethasone, the two compounds differing only in the spatial configuration of the methyl group at position 16 (see steroid nomenclature).

Betamethasone was patented in 1958, and approved for medical use in the United States in 1961. The cream and ointment are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 251st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1million prescriptions.

Medical uses
Betamethasone is a corticosteroid that is available as a pill, by injection, and as an ointment, cream, lotion, gel, or aerosol (spray) for the skin, and a foam for the scalp. When given by injection, anti-inflammatory effects begin in around two hours and last for seven days.

It is used as a topical cream to relieve skin irritation, such as itching and flaking from eczema. It is used as a treatment for local psoriasis, as betamethasone dipropionate and salicylic acid, or as the combination calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate. Betamethasone sodium phosphate is used orally and via injection with the same indications as other steroids. Many betamethasone-based pharmaceuticals include the steroid as the valerate ester.

In a randomized controlled trial betamethasone was shown to reduce some of the ataxia (poor coordination) symptoms associated with ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) by 28-31%.

Betamethasone is also used to stimulate fetal lung maturation in order to prevent infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) and to decrease the incidence and mortality from intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants.

A cream with 0.05% betamethasone appears effective in treating phimosis in boys, and often averts the need for circumcision. It has replaced circumcision as the preferred treatment method for some physicians in the British National Health Service.

Side effects

 * Euphoria
 * Depression
 * Adrenal suppression
 * Hypertension
 * Groupings of fine blood vessels becoming prominent under the skin, petechiae
 * Excessive hair growth (hypertrichosis)
 * Ecchymoses

Prolonged use of this medicine on extensive areas of skin, broken or raw skin, skin folds, or underneath airtight dressings may on rare occasions result in enough corticosteroid being absorbed to have side effects on other parts of the body; for example, by causing a decrease in the production of natural hormones by the adrenal glands.

Betamethasone is also used prior to delivery of a preterm baby to help prepare the lungs for breathing. However, because betamethasone crosses the placenta, which is required for its beneficial effects, it may also be associated with complications, such as hypoglycemia and leukocytosis in newborns exposed in utero.

When injected into the epidural space or the spine, it may cause serious side effects like loss of vision, stroke, and paralysis.

Forms
Betamethasone is available in a number of compound forms: betamethasone dipropionate (branded as Diprosone, Diprolene, Celestamine, Procort (in Pakistan), and others), betamethasone sodium phosphate (branded as Bentelan in Italy) and betamethasone valerate (branded as Audavate, Betnovate, Celestone, Fucibet, and others). In the United States and Canada, betamethasone is mixed with clotrimazole and sold as Lotrisone and Lotriderm. It is also available in combination with salicylic acid (branded as Diprosalic) for using in psoriatic skin conditions. In some countries, it is also sold mixed with both clotrimazole and gentamicin to add an antibacterial agent to the mix.

Betamethasone sodium phosphate mixed with betamethasone acetate is available in the United States as Celestone Soluspan.

title: Betamethasone


text: User talk:62.103.187.192

title: User talk:62.103.187.192


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Talk:St Asaph

untitled
Hi! Feel free to add to/edit the entry for St. Asaph, give our city a proud place in the Wikipedia!

There seems to be a contradiction between this article and the article A55 road - this article claims locals are still campaigning for a bypass, the A55 road article says it bypasses St Asaph!--213.162.108.112 19:46, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Town / City
The intro seems to contradict itself - it calls St Asaph a city in the first line, then a town in the second line. I always thought it was a city. Can anyone confirm? Kingbumpkin (talk) 09:27, 31 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Officially, it's a town. Historically, it's a city. – PeeJay 09:28, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Fair enough, but the contradiction still exists. If St Asaph is officially a town then the first paragraph should be changed to reflect this. I will edit if there are no objections. Kingbumpkin (talk) 19:19, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

 * OK, done. Kingbumpkin (talk) 20:51, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

St Asaph seems to be a town and a city, at the same time. It had city status in 1911, and (as far as I know) the locals never agreed to a change of any kind. In nearby counties, it is universally known as a city.

If there is some kind of office, that lists cities, we should ask it how this dual status came to be, and update the article in accordance. I'll have a sniff about and try to find out about this, else it'll be classified as a "city-town", to reflect the reality of the situation. 87.115.136.154 (talk) 12:46, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

 * In general, every city is also a town. More precisely, city status bestowed on an area does not deprive that area of any other status. A city as exceptionally small as St David's, for example, might perhaps even be seen as a village, just as St Asaph is both a small town and an exceptionally small city. Township is not generally an official status, so there is no official list, and people may have different views as to whether a place is a large village or a small town. On the other hand, city status is established by royal charter or (formerly) by being home to a cathedral. So for example the two towns of Brighton and of Hove together comprise the administrative county, district and (latterly) city of Brighton and Hove. See City status in the United Kingdom for more info. Richardguk (talk) 15:57, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your comments on towns and villages, which seem right. St Asaph is certainly a town, and (as there is no disputing that St Asaph is home to a cathedral) it is a city as well. I'm not aware of any way for a place that was once a city to become a non-city (e.g. even Machu Piccu is still called a city). Also, it has been known as a city since "since time immemorial" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City#United_Kingdom_and_Ireland). It is thus a city on at least two counts. As there seem to be no particular priorities between the necessary criteria (time immemorial, royal charter or cathedral) then any is sufficient to quality St Asaph as a city. Should the article be updated? 138.253.48.80 (talk) 09:27, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

 * NB: Unless anyone objects, I intend to update the intro to say "St Asaph ... is a town and Cathedral City ...". Please let me know. Cheers, 138.253.48.80 (talk) 09:42, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

 * See Rochester and Perth. Technically, the only British place with time-immemorial city status is the City of London; all others have had their city status reconferred when local government changes abolished their original council. St. Asaph is categorically not a city. Wereon (talk) 02:07, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

St.Asaph may have now been denied the status of a MUNICIPAL CITY but it is certainly a CATHEDRAL CITY. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.11.10.0 (talk) 21:14, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:St Asaph


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Anto

Anto or Antos may refer to:

 * Anto (name), including a list of people with the surname or given name
 * Antos (name), including a list of people with the surname or given name
 * Antofagasta PLC, stock symbol ANTO
 * Antăș (Hungarian: Antos), a village in Romania

title: Anto


text: User talk:80.137.127.248

title: User talk:80.137.127.248


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Category:Satellaview games

The Satellaview is a satellite modem add-on for Nintendo's Super Famicom system in Japan released in 1995. It was used to download digital game content broadcast via St.GIGA's BS-5ch. St.GIGA broadcasts ran from April 23, 1995 to June 30, 2000.

title: Category:Satellaview games


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Talk:International Socialists (Netherlands)

question of meaning
Is monthly magazine De Socialist, really a copy i.e. a direct translation of the SWP's magazine the Socialist Review or did the writter rather mean that it is based on it?--JK the unwise 18:36, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The formatting of De Scialist is based on the Socialist Worker newspaper and they do use translations of articles from it, though most of it is original writing. I'll clarify this in the text.--Martin Wisse 06:30, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

references?
can we have some? In particular, the membership numbers are very hard to verify, and perhaps should be cut. --79.73.74.98 (talk) 18:35, 21 November 2007 (UTC)


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San Nicolás de los Garza

San Nicolás de los Garza, sometimes known only as San Nicolás, is a city and coextensive municipality in the Mexican state of Nuevo León that is part of the Monterrey metropolitan area. It has become primarily a city for residences and family houses, although it still has several factories that tend to relocate to the periphery of the metropolitan area. It is the fifth-largest city in the state, behind Monterrey, Guadalupe, Ciudad Apodaca and General Escobedo.

It houses the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (Autonomous University of Nuevo León), one of the most prestigious public schools in Mexico and Latin America.

San Nicolás, although less populated than Monterrey, has the higher population density.

History
San Nicolás de los Garza was founded on 5 February 1597 and given the name of Estancia de Pedro de la Garza (Pedro de la Garza’s Estate), then Estancia de San Nicolás (Saint Nicholas’ Estate), and finally Estancia de San Nicolás de los Garza (Saint Nicholas of the Garzas’ Estate).

San Nicolás was founded right after Monterrey, when Diego de Montemayor granted permission to inhabit the area to his secretary, Diego Díaz de Berlanga; Pedro de Iñigo; Domingo Manuel; and D. Pedro de la Garza. The members of these families are considered the first settlers of the city.

Diego Díaz de Berlanga was the person that redacted Monterrey's Foundation Act, and authorized the first land permissions to its first settlers.

In 1830 the area was declared to the category of village, with the name of San Nicolás de los Garza, in honor of the patron saint of the town. On 12 May 1970 it was declared a city.

Government
San Nicolás de los Garza is a municipality governed by a democratically elected Presidente Municipal (Municipal President or Mayor) for three years with no right to reelection. The political environment is one of civility. Since the 1980s, the PAN has remained in office.

The City Council of San Nicolás de los Garza (Cabildo de San Nicolás de los Garza) is an organ integrated by the Mayor, the Regidores and the Síndicos. The Mayor is the executor of the determinations of the City Council and the person directly in charge of the public municipal administration. The Regidores represent the community and their mission is to collectively define the city policies in all the subjects affecting it. The Síndicos are in charge of watching and legally defend the city interests, as well as in charge of watching the City Treasury status and the municipal patrimony.

The current Mayor of San Nicolás is Pedro Salgado Almaguer (PAN), who was elected in the past municipal election and will remain in office until 2016.

The political parties with representation in the city are the Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI, the National Action Party or PAN, the Party of the Democratic Revolution or PRD, the Labor Party or PT, the Green Party, Convergence, Socialdemocratic Party, and Nueva Alianza.

Economy
In the first part of the 20th century, several important Mexican companies built factories in the municipality, making San Nicolás primarily an industrial center. Companies like Cemex (concrete), Vitro (glass), Peñoles, and Hylsa (steel) were known for their large facilities in the city.

In the 1970s, San Nicolás increased its reputation as a good place to live, and the municipality experienced a tide of house construction. This house construction boom was possible because there were a lot of lands available within the territory of the city. In the 1980s several industrial facilities moved to other municipalities, mainly to Apodaca, which is still within the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, but farther from downtown.

At the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s, huge commercial centers or malls were constructed to serve the large population. The first economic activity became commerce instead of industrial production. The most important malls are La Fe (east), Citadel (east), Las Plazas Outlet (northwest), Plaza Fiesta Anahuac (south), Sendero (North) and Universidad Avenue. The city count with several commercial centers in construction.

Education
The main campus of the UANL, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (Autonomous University of Nuevo León) is located in this municipality. It is the third-largest Mexican university and among the most recognized schools in Mexico, ranked by the Reader's Digest-AC Nielsen Survey 2005 as the top university (both public and private) in the northeast region of Mexico. Its main campus is called Ciudad Universitaria (University City) with an approximate area of 67,630,000 square meters. The UANL system comprises 26 colleges (faculties), 22 post-graduate divisions, 24 high schools (throughout the metropolitan area of Monterrey), one center of bilingual education, and three technical high schools.

Notable people

 * Adán Zapata, rapper
 * Alicia Villarreal, singer
 * César Paz Sr., coach of the 1957 Little League World Series champions, held in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, United States.
 * Édgar González, pitcher for the Arizona Diamondbacks
 * Manuel Uribe Garza, one of the world's fattest men in history

Sports
San Nicolás de los Garza also serves as the home of Tigres UANL, a Liga MX professional football team associated with UANL, whose rivals are C.F. Monterrey. They hosted matches as far as the quarter-finals at the 1986 FIFA World Cup.

Twin towns – sister cities
San Nicolás de los Garza has five sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc (SCI):
 * 🇺🇸 Denton, Texas, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Kansas City, Missouri, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Seguin, Texas, United States
 * Taipei, Taiwan
 * 🇨🇦 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

title: San Nicolás de los Garza


text:
Talk:Graphonomics

Graphonomics is an interdisciplinary field in science. The definition of the field is given by the International Graphonomics Society's home page. Rewording can be applied to the entry in Wikipedia if necessary.

A member of the IGS

 * If you'd like to take care of that, go ahead and do that as Graphonomics/Temp. --InShaneee 18:39, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Graphonomics


text:
Twenty-one (basketball)

Twenty-one, also called play21basketball, cutthroat, hustle, tip-it, noyceball, roughhouse, scutter, rough, or rebound is a popular variation of street basketball. The game is played with any number of players on a half court, but typically when not enough players are available to at least play three-on-three. Twenty-one is an individual game that does not utilize team play.

Rules
The rules and game play may vary regionally, locally, and even by specific court.

Basic rules are as follows:

Typically play begins with one player shooting the ball from a significant distance. This shot must hit the rim, but cannot go through the basket. If either of these violations occur, the ball must be re-shot. Once the ball is legally shot, all players then fight over the rebound. This is meant to mimic the "tip-off" of a standard game. Once the ball is in play, there are technically no rules, but due to peer pressure most players abide by all rules with the exception of out of bounds violations and personal fouls.

Shots made after the ball is live count two points for a player's score (or three points if a 3-pointer is made). After each made field goal, the player making the field goal shoots up to three free throws in a row, until he misses. All free throws count as one point towards a player's count. If three free throws are made in a row, the free throw shooter is handed the ball back at the top of the key and play is live again.

The game is won by the player who accumulates exactly 21 points. If a player goes over 21 points, his score is reduced to 11 points. To avoid going over 21, players may choose to miss a free throw intentionally. In this instance, a free throw must hit the rim to be legal. If it does not, the player must shoot again. Sometimes this results in the player accidentally making the shot.

Variations
Common additional rules include:
 * Allowing the starting shot to score points for the shooter if it goes in
 * If a player is shooting for the win and misses, their score is reduced to 15.
 * Inverting scoring values such that a field goal is worth 1 and a free throw worth 2
 * The shot must be a top shot/ a shot that is scored when the ball is shot over your eyeline
 * Forcing a player to take a fourth free throw and intentionally miss if he has made all 3 free throws, instead of just returning the ball to him
 * A player can attempt a 3-pointer instead of attempting three free throws
 * Variations on what a score is reset to if 21 is exceeded (7, 10, 11, 13, and 15 are common)
 * "Wotring Rule" "Taps" or "Tips" : With these rules, if a player jumps up, gets a rebound in the air and makes a shot before touching the ground, the player who initially shot the ball is said to have been "tapped," or "tipped,". This can result in their score being reset to zero or 11, or the tapper "stealing" 5 points from shooter. In some games, if a player gets tapped 3 times, or if their score is already zero, they are out of the game. In another variation, if a player is tapped using only one hand, they are immediately eliminated. Once eliminated, a player can only return to the game by catching an airball of a player currently in the game.
 * If three-pointers are used instead of free-throws and the player is on 20 and shooting for the win, the player must make an extra long three-pointer to win the game. (This type of finishing is used with experienced players and even then causes the game to last a prolonged time.)
 * If a player who has 11 points misses the next shot, regardless of whether it is a free throw, then that player's points revert to 0. This is referred to as "poison points".
 * Players with fewer than 11 points at the end of a game keep their points into the next game (a sort of handicapping system for when there is a wide variation in skill between the players).
 * After exactly 21 points are reached, the player must make a final 3-pointer.
 * When a player makes his 21st point and is playing with "tips" or "taps" the shooter must miss his free throw but also hit the rim. This gives the other players a chance to spoil the win and steal points from the shooter.
 * If the game was started without a traditional jump ball, then the player (s) who did not receive the ball first receive 1 chance to even the game
 * "Breaking the ice" : There is no penalty for going over 21, but if a player scores 21 or more with a two or three-point shot, the player must first hit a free throw successfully. If he does so, he then shoots a 3-pointer to win the game. If he misses the free throw, he does not lose any points, and the game continues. If he makes the free throw but misses the 3-pointer, his score is reset to a lower value (e.g. 13, as above) and the game continues.
 * Players on 19, shooting at the foul line, must hit rim or be forced back to 11. (This prevents a player on 19 from simply slamming the ball off the backboard to himself, thereby regaining possession without having to rebound normally.
 * If the score is tied at 19, one of the tied players must first reach 21, then score 2 additional points to win. Once you get to 21 you shoot one free throw to win or go back down to 11.

Formal use
Twenty-one is frequently used in physical education classes and by basketball team coaches as skill development. Because only one player is on offense at any given time against several defenders, quickness and shooting skills are essential to successful play.

title: Twenty-one (basketball)


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The Bod Squad

The Bod Squad is a series of short public service announcements broadcast on Saturday mornings on the ABC television network, from 1974 through 1988. These thirty-second and one-minute segments promoted healthy nutrition and personal hygiene through humorous animation and catchy music with clever lyrics. The shorts were written by Lynn Ahrens and animated by DePatie–Freleng Enterprises.

The segments generally appeared at half-hour intervals, interspersed with regular commercials, between Saturday morning cartoon programs. While many were not labeled as such, the first four segments ended with an announcement, "Another nutritional message from the ABC Television Network", and accompanying stock animation identifying the series as The ABC Bod Squad.

The same original segments produced in the 1970s repeated every Saturday morning for several years, so that many if not most American TV-watching children during that period are familiar with them. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s ABC broadcast several other series of educational public service cartoon spots as well, including Time for Timer and, perhaps the most famous of all, Schoolhouse Rock.

Episodes

 * Yuk Mouth: Yuk Mouth (Scatman Crothers) doesn't brush his teeth and eats junk food, causing him to get a cavity.
 * The Munchies: encourages children to do other things instead of letting "the Munchies" make them eat more.
 * Quickfast: suggesting pre-made or leftover foods for breakfast, or easily prepared foods such as toast, for children who don't have much time to eat breakfast.
 * Nutty Gritty: Scatman Crothers sings about making a "Nutty Gritty" snack with nuts and raisins.

Three more Bod Squad shorts were produced in 1977:

 * Chopper: The Chopper, a Fonzie lookalike, reminds you to exercise your teeth with healthy food.
 * Make A Saturdae: about using healthy foods such as bananas and yogurt to make a "Saturdae", which is like a sundae.
 * Don't Drown Your Food: Louis the Lifeguard (Arnold Stang) rescues a drowning potato and encourages children not to overuse condiments, such as gravy, ketchup and salad dressing, and learn to enjoy the natural flavors of vegetables, eggs, etc.

Additional ABC nutritional spots, by the production team of Schoolhouse Rock

 * Beans and Rice: (Sung by Jack Sheldon and Bob Dorough)
 * Gimme Some Skin: The health benefts of potatoes (sung by Jack Sheldon)
 * Slow Food: About not eating too fast
 * Love Won't Add Weight: Parents should reward or console their children with affection, rather than desserts
 * Pop Corn: A snack that doesn't load you down with calories.
 * Water: The Best No Calorie Drink: (Sung by Bob Dorough)

title: The Bod Squad


text:
User talk:Ion Zone

I tend to just write stubs as I have trouble understanding markup.

Ion Zone (talk) 14:36, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

Revising "Religious Violence" Page
Hey Ion Zone,

Just wanted to encourage you to "clean up" whatever you think is necessary on Religious violence. I can help you a little bit if you want.

I already corrected two sections where I though that people were just being incredibly sloppy. The one I mentioned earlier and the "Conflicts and Wars" section. I balanced those out a few months ago.

There is lots of work to be done. There are a few things that can be removed such as Sam Harris comments on "Christianity" sections. He is NOT a good source for speaking on religion in violence sine his work is a polemic, not an academic or scholarly research book. He is not an expert on this issue.

You can edit it as much as you want.

Ramos1990 (talk) 19:13, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks Ramos, I'll help however I can but I am a bit tied up at the moment with a project that is due next week. I'll have a quick look over the article now and come back to it more fully when I have time.

 * Ion Zone (talk) 21:41, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

Hey Ion Zone, I made a few edits on the criticism of religion page today. I reduced much redundancy in the list of criticisms and made it more neutral. I also added a detail on Lucretius's views. What kind of things are you trying to add? I noticed you were reverted a few times. Have you posted your thoughts on the talk page? I think if you have solid points editors can reach a consensus there. Tell me what you need and I'll see what I can do to support you. Ramos1990 (talk) 06:45, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

Article for Deletion/Keeping
Hey Ion Zone,

Long time no see. I thought you may be interested in a new article that is quite controversial. Unscientific claims in religious scriptures. Some are considering deleting it and others keeping it. Want to provide your thoughts on it?--Ramos1990 (talk) 21:23, 27 September 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ion Zone


text:
Drexel Burnham Lambert

Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc. was an American multinational investment bank that was forced into bankruptcy in 1990 due to its involvement in illegal activities in the junk bond market, driven by senior executive Michael Milken. At its height, it was a Bulge Bracket bank, as the fifth-largest investment bank in the United States.

The firm had its most profitable fiscal year in 1986, netting $545.5 million, which represented the most profitable year ever for a Wall Street firm at the time, equivalent to $ billion in. Milken, who was Drexel's head of high-yield securities, was paid $295 million, the highest salary that an employee in the modern history of the world had ever received. Even so, Milken deemed his salary to be insufficient for his contributions to the bank, and received $550 million the next fiscal year.

The firm's aggressive culture led many Drexel employees to stray into unethical, and sometimes illegal, conduct. Milken and his colleagues at the high-yield bond department believed the securities laws hindered the free flow of trade. Eventually, Drexel's excessive ambition led it to abuse the junk bond market and become involved in insider trading. In February 1990, Drexel was forced into Chapter 11 bankruptcy to avoid being seized by the Securities and Exchange Commission. It was the first Wall Street firm to be forced into bankruptcy since the Great Depression.

Drexel "fueled many of the biggest corporate takeovers of the 1980s."

Early history
I.W. "Tubby" Burnham, a 1931 graduate of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, founded the firm in 1935 as Burnham and Company, a small New York City–based retail brokerage. Burnham started the firm with $100,000 of capital (equivalent to $ million in ), $96,000 of which was borrowed from his grandfather Isaac Wolfe Bernheim, the founder of a Kentucky distillery.

It became one of the more successful brokerages in the country, eventually building its capital to $1 billion. While Burnham eventually branched out into investment banking, the company's ability to expand was limited by the structure of the investment banking industry of that time. A strict unwritten set of rules assured the dominance of a few large firms by controlling the order in which their names appeared in advertisements for an underwriting. Burnham, as a "sub-major" firm, needed to connect with a "major" or "special" firm in order to further expand.

Burnham found a willing partner in Drexel Firestone, an ailing Philadelphia-based firm with a rich history. Drexel Firestone traced its history to 1838, when Francis Martin Drexel founded Drexel & Company. His son, Anthony Joseph Drexel, became a partner in the firm at age 21, in 1847. The company made money in the opportunities created by mid-century gold finds in California. The company was also involved in financial deals with the federal government during the Mexican–American War and the U.S. Civil War. A. J. Drexel took over the firm when his father died in 1863. He partnered with J. P. Morgan and created one of the largest banking companies in the world, Drexel, Morgan & Co.

In 1940, several former Drexel partners and associates formed an investment bank and assumed the rights to the "Drexel and Company" name. The old Drexel, which chose to concentrate on commercial banking after the Glass–Steagall Act regulated the separation of commercial and investment banking, was completely absorbed into the Morgan empire. The new Drexel grew slowly, relying on its predecessor's historic ties to the larger securities issuers. By the early 1960s, it found itself short on capital. It merged with Harriman, Ripley and Company in 1965 to form Drexel Harriman Ripley. In the mid-1970s, it sold a 25 percent stake to Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, renaming itself Drexel Firestone.

Despite having only two major clients by the 1970s, Drexel was still considered a major firm, and thus got a large chunk of the syndicates formed to sell stocks and bonds. It was a shell of its former self, however, in 1973 when a severe drop in the stock market sent the firm reeling. Drexel management soon realized that a prominent name was not nearly enough to survive and was very receptive to a merger offer from Burnham.

Even though Burnham was by far the dominant partner and nominal survivor in the merger, the more powerful investment banks insisted that the Drexel name come first as a condition of inheriting the old Drexel's place in the "major" bracket. Burnham had no choice but to agree, since his enlarged firm needed the informal blessing of the more powerful firms to survive on Wall Street. Thus, Drexel Burnham and Company, headquartered in New York, was born in 1973 with $44 million in capital. The merged firm claimed 1935 as its founding date.

In 1976, it merged with William D. Witter (also known as Lambert Brussels Witter), a small "research boutique" that was the American arm of Belgian-based Groupe Bruxelles Lambert. The firm was renamed Drexel Burnham Lambert and incorporated that year after 41 years as a limited partnership. The enlarged firm was privately held; Lambert held a 26 percent stake and received six seats on the board of directors. Most of the remaining 74 percent was held by employees. Burnham remained the enlarged firm's chairman. He handed the posts of president and CEO to Robert Linton, who had begun at Burnham and Company in 1945 as a stock certificate runner. Burnham handed the chairmanship to Linton as well in 1982.

Business
Drexel's legacy as an advisor to both startup companies and fallen angels remains an industry model today. Michael Milken, one of the few senior executives who was a holdover from the old Drexel, got most of the credit by almost single-handedly creating a junk bond market. However, another key architect in this strategy was Fred Joseph. Shortly after buying the old Drexel, Burnham found out that Joseph, chief operating officer of Shearson Hamill, wanted to get back into the nuts and bolts of investment banking and hired him as co-head of corporate finance. Joseph, the son of a Boston taxicab driver, promised Burnham that in 10 years, he would make Drexel Burnham as powerful as Goldman Sachs.

Joseph's prophecy proved accurate. The firm rose from the bottom of the pack to compete with and even top the Wall Street Bulge Bracket firms. While Milken was clearly the most powerful man in the firm (to the point that a business consultant warned Drexel that it was a "one-product company"), it was Joseph who succeeded Linton as president in 1984, adding the post of CEO in 1985.

Drexel, however, was more aggressive in its business practices than most. When it entered the mergers and acquisitions field in the early 1980s, it did not shy away from backing hostile takeovers—long a taboo among the established firms. Its specialty was the "highly confident letter", in which it promised it could get the necessary financing for a hostile takeover. Although it had no legal status, by this time Drexel (i.e., Milken) had a reputation for making markets for any bonds it underwrote. This made a Drexel "highly confident letter" as good as cash to many of the corporate raiders of the 1980s. Among the deals it financed during this time were T. Boone Pickens' failed runs at Gulf Oil and Unocal, Carl Icahn's bid for Phillips 66, Ted Turner's buyout of MGM/UA, and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts successful bid for RJR Nabisco.

Organizationally, the firm was considered the definition of a meritocracy. Divisions received bonuses based on their individual performance rather than the performance of the firm as a whole. This often led to acrimony between individual departments, who sometimes acted like independent companies rather than small parts of a larger one. Also, several employees formed limited partnerships that allowed them to invest alongside Milken. These partnerships often made more money than the firm itself did on a particular deal. For instance, many of the partnerships ended up with more warrants than the firm itself held in particular deals.

The firm had its most profitable fiscal year in 1986, netting $545.5 million—at the time, the most profitable year ever for a Wall Street firm, and equivalent to $ billion in. In 1987, Milken was paid executive compensation of $550 million for the year.

1986–1989
According to Dan Stone, a former Drexel executive, the firm's aggressive culture led many Drexel employees to stray into unethical, and sometimes illegal, conduct. Milken himself viewed the securities laws, rules and regulations with some degree of contempt, feeling they hindered the free flow of trade. He was under nearly constant scrutiny from the Securities and Exchange Commission from 1979 onward, in part because he often condoned unethical and illegal behavior by his colleagues at Drexel's operation in Beverly Hills. He personally called Joseph, however, who believed in following the rules to the letter, on several occasions with ethical questions.

The firm was first rocked on May 12, 1986, when Dennis Levine, a managing director in Drexel's M&A department, was charged with insider trading. Levine had joined Drexel only a year earlier. Unknown to Drexel management, he had spent his entire Wall Street career trading on inside information. Levine pleaded guilty to four felonies, and implicated one of his recent partners, super-arbitrageur Ivan Boesky. Largely based on information Boesky promised to provide about his dealings with Milken, the SEC initiated an investigation of Drexel on November 17. Two days later, Rudy Giuliani, then the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, launched his own investigation. Ominously, Milken refused to cooperate with Drexel's own internal investigation, only speaking through his attorneys. A year later, Martin Siegel, the co-head of M&A, pleaded guilty to sharing inside information with Boesky during his tenure at Kidder, Peabody.

For two years, Drexel steadfastly denied any wrongdoing, claiming that the criminal and SEC investigations into Milken's activities were based almost entirely on the statements of Boesky, an admitted felon looking to reduce his sentence. This was not enough to keep the SEC from suing Drexel in September 1988 for insider trading, stock manipulation, defrauding its clients and stock parking (buying stocks for the benefit of another). All of the transactions involved Milken and his department. The most intriguing charge was that Boesky paid Drexel $5.3 million in 1986 for Milken's share of profits from illegal trading. Earlier in the year, Boesky characterized the payment as a consulting fee to Drexel. Around the same year, Giuliani began seriously considering indicting Drexel under the powerful Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. Drexel was potentially liable under the doctrine of respondeat superior, which holds that companies are responsible for an employee's crimes.

The threat of a RICO indictment unnerved many at Drexel. A RICO indictment would have required the firm to put up a performance bond of as much as $1 billion in lieu of having its assets frozen. This provision was put in the law because organized crime had a habit of absconding with the funds of indicted companies, and the writers of RICO wanted to make sure there was something to seize or forfeit in the event of a guilty verdict. Most Wall Street firms, then as now, relied heavily on loans. However, 96 percent of Drexel's capital was borrowed money, by far the most of any firm. This debt would have to take second place to any performance bond. Additionally, if the bond ever had to be paid, Drexel's stockholders would have been all but wiped out. Due to this, banks will not extend credit to a securities firm under a RICO indictment.

By this time, several Drexel executives—including Joseph—concluded that Drexel could not survive a RICO indictment and would have to seek a settlement with Giuliani. Senior Drexel executives became particularly nervous after Princeton Newport Partners, a small investment partnership, was forced to close its doors in the summer of 1988. Princeton Newport had been indicted under RICO, and the prospect of having to post a huge performance bond forced its shutdown well before the trial. Indeed, the discovery of Milken's role in many of Princeton Newport's illicit doings led Joseph to conclude that Milken had indeed engaged in illegal activity. Joseph said years later that he'd been told that a RICO indictment would destroy Drexel within a month, if not sooner. As it turned out, even though Milken and Drexel signed a co-counsel agreement, Milken's legal team warned him that Drexel would almost certainly be forced to cooperate rather than risk being driven out of business by the pressures of the investigation.

Nonetheless, negotiations for a possible plea agreement collapsed on December 19 when Giuliani made several demands that were far too draconian even for those who advocated a settlement. Giuliani demanded that Drexel waive its attorney–client privilege, and also wanted the right to arbitrarily decide that the firm had violated the terms of any plea agreement. He also demanded that Milken leave the firm if the government ever indicted him. Drexel's board unanimously rejected the terms. For a time, it looked like Drexel was going to fight.

Only two days later, however, Drexel lawyers found out about a limited partnership set up by Milken's department, MacPherson Partners, they previously hadn't known about. This partnership had been involved in the issuing of bonds for Storer Broadcasting. Several equity warrants were sold to one client who sold them back to Milken's department. Milken then sold the warrants to MacPherson Partners. The limited partners included several of Milken's children, and more ominously, managers of money funds. This partnership raised the specter of self-dealing, and at worst, bribes to the money managers. At the very least, this was a serious breach of Drexel's internal regulations. Drexel immediately reported this partnership to Giuliani, and its revelation seriously hurt Milken's credibility with many at Drexel who believed in Milken's innocence—including Joseph and most of the board.

With literally minutes to go before being indicted (according to at least one source, the grand jury was actually in the process of voting on the indictment), Drexel reached an agreement with the government in which it entered an Alford plea to six felonies—three counts of stock parking and three counts of stock manipulation. It also agreed to pay a fine of $650 million—at the time, the largest fine ever levied under the Great Depression-era securities laws.

The government had dropped several of the demands that had initially angered Drexel but continued to insist that Milken leave the firm if indicted—which he did shortly after his own indictment in March 1989. Drexel's Alford plea allowed the firm to maintain its innocence while acknowledging that it was "not in a position to dispute the allegations" made by the government. Nonetheless, Drexel was now a convicted felon.

In April 1989, Drexel settled with the SEC, agreeing to stricter safeguards on its oversight procedures. Later that month, the firm eliminated 5,000 jobs by shuttering three departments—including the retail brokerage operation. In essence, Drexel was jettisoning the core of the old Burnham & Company. The retail accounts were eventually sold to Smith Barney.

1989–1990
Due to several deals that did not work out, as well as an unexpected crash of the junk bond market, 1989 was a difficult year for Drexel even after it settled the criminal and SEC cases. Reports of an $86 million loss going into the fourth quarter resulted in the firm's commercial paper rating being cut in late November. This made it nearly impossible for Drexel to reborrow its outstanding commercial paper, and it had to be repaid. Rumors abounded that the banks could yank Drexel's lines of credit at any time. Drexel had no corporate parent that could pump in cash in the event of such a crisis, unlike most American financial institutions. Groupe Bruxelles Lambert refused even to consider making an equity investment until Joseph improved the bottom line. The firm posted a $40 million loss for 1989—the first operating loss in its 54-year history.

Drexel managed to survive into 1990 by transferring some of the excess capital from its regulated broker/dealer subsidiary into its holding company, Drexel Burnham Lambert Group—only to be ordered to stop by the SEC on February 9 out of concerns about the broker's solvency. This sent Joseph and other senior executives into a near-panic. After the SEC, the New York Stock Exchange, and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York cast doubts about a restructuring plan, Joseph concluded that Drexel could not stay independent. Unfortunately, concerns about possible liability to civil suits derailed an eleventh-hour attempt to find a prospective buyer.

By February 12, it was obvious Drexel was headed for collapse. Its commercial paper rating was further reduced that day, and the holding company defaulted on $100 million in loans. Citibank led a group of banks that tried to put together a loan package for the reeling firm, but this came to nothing. With other firms shutting Drexel out of deals, Joseph's last resort was a bailout by the government. Unfortunately for Drexel, one of Drexel's first hostile deals came back to haunt it at this point. At the time of Pickens' raid on Unocal, the company's investment bank was the establishment firm Dillon, Read. Dillon, Read's former chairman, Nicholas F. Brady, was now Secretary of the Treasury. Brady had never forgiven Drexel for its role in the Unocal deal and would not even consider signing off on a bailout.

Early on the morning of February 13, New York Fed president E. Gerald Corrigan and SEC chairman Richard Breeden called Joseph and told him that they, Brady and NYSE chairman John J. Phelan Jr. saw "no light at the end of the tunnel" for Drexel. They gave Joseph an ultimatum–unless Drexel filed for bankruptcy, the SEC would seize Drexel that morning before the markets opened. After Joseph told the board that Drexel had effectively been told to "go out of business", the board voted to file for bankruptcy. That night, Drexel officially filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Drexel was the first Wall Street firm since the Depression to be forced into bankruptcy. The filing covered only the parent company, not the broker/dealer; executives and lawyers believed that confidence in Drexel had deteriorated so much that the firm was finished in its then-current form.

Even before the firm's bankruptcy, Tubby Burnham spun off the firm's funds management arm as Burnham Financial Group, which currently operates as a diversified investment company. Burnham was reportedly still arranging deals until his death in 2002 at age 93. The rest of Drexel emerged from bankruptcy in 1992 as New Street Capital, a small investment bank with only 20 employees (at its height, Drexel employed over 10,000 people) and strict limits on its activities. In 1994, New Street merged with Green Capital, a merchant bank owned by Atlanta financier Holcombe Green.

Richard A. Brenner, the brother of a president with controlling stakes stated in his memoir My Life Seen Through Our Eyes that other firms at Wall Street did not support Drexel or come to its aid when the company got into trouble because they were "smelling an opportunity to grab this business".

Criticism
By the late 1980s, public confidence in leveraged buyouts had waned, and criticism of the perceived engine of the takeover movement, the junk bond, had increased. Innovative financial instruments often generate skepticism, and few have generated more controversy than high yield debt. Some argue that the debt instrument itself, sometimes dubbed "turbo debt", was the cornerstone of the 1980s "Decade of Greed". However, junk bonds were actually used in less than 25% of acquisitions, and hostile takeovers during that period. Nevertheless, by 1990 default rates on high yield debt had increased from 4% to 10%, further eroding confidence in this financial instrument. Without Milken's cheerleading, the liquidity of the junk bond market dried up. Drexel was forced to buy the bonds of insolvent and failing companies, which depleted their capital and would eventually bankrupt the company.

Survivors
A few other firms emerged or became more important from Drexel's collapse, besides Burnham Financial.

 * There was also the 1838 Group named after the founding date of Drexel established by another group of investment fund managers. The funds suffered from under performance and the group folded.
 * Drexel Burnham Lambert Real Estate Associates II operates as a real estate management firm.
 * Apollo Global Management, a private equity firm, was founded by Drexel alumni Leon Black, Josh Harris, and Marc Rowan following the company's bankruptcy.
 * Richard Handler joined Jefferies Group immediately following the Drexel bankruptcy with a number of partners and began building the firm into what today is the largest, independent, full service, global investment bank (non bank-holding company).
 * Fred Joseph bought into a firm founded by John Adams Morgan to establish Morgan Joseph, a middle-market investment bank that caters to many of the same kinds of clients as Drexel had. In 2011, the firm merged with Tri-Artisan Partners, a merchant bank, to form Morgan Joseph TriArtisan.  Although the firm carried Joseph's name and he was part-owner, he was only co-head of corporate finance until his death in 2009.  In 1993, the SEC barred him from serving as president, chairman or CEO of a securities firm for life for failing to properly supervise Milken.  Morgan Joseph TriArtisan's chairman and CEO is John Sorte, Joseph's successor as president and CEO of Drexel from 1990 to 1992.   In 2011, Portfolio.com and CNBC named Joseph the seventh-worst CEO in American business history, saying that "his poor management left the company without a crisis plan."

Former employees

 * Peter Ackerman (1946–2022), former head of Drexel's international capital markets department, also political activist and co-founder of the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict and Americans Elect
 * Guy Adami, panelist on CNBC's Fast Money
 * Leon Black, co-founder of Apollo Global Management
 * Joseph Cassano, founder of AIG Financial Products
 * Abby Joseph Cohen, partner and chief U.S. investment strategist at Goldman, Sachs & Co
 * Jerry Doyle (1956–2016), actor and talk radio host
 * Marc Faber, formerly managing director of Drexel's Hong Kong office, famous for the Gloom Boom & Doom Report investment report; "Dr Doom"
 * Nigel Farage, leader of UK Independence Party
 * Steve Feinberg, Cerberus Capital Management
 * Gerard Finneran, cofounder of TCW Group later arrested after 1995 air rage incident
 * James Stephen Fossett (1944–2007), aviator, sailor, and adventurer
 * Mark Gilbert, Major League Baseball player, and US ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa
 * Joel Greenblatt, founder of Gotham Capital
 * Richard B. Handler, current CEO of Jefferies & Company
 * Josh Harris, co-founder of Apollo Global Management
 * Roderick M. Hills (1931–2014), former chairman of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
 * Frederick H. Joseph (1937—2009), co-founder of Morgan Joseph
 * Mark N. Kaplan, former CEO of Drexel from 1970 to 1977, CEO of Engelhard, and senior partner at Skadden
 * Jack Langer (born 1948/1949), basketball player and investment banker
 * Dennis Levine, chairman & CEO, Adasar Group, Inc.
 * Michael Milken, former head of the non-investment-grade bond department; almost single-handedly created the market for "high-yield bonds" (also known as "junk bonds")
 * Ken Moelis, former president and head of investment banking at UBS; founder of Moelis & Company
 * Anthony J. Parkinson, former senior vice president, later co-founder Kronos; European VP Hasbro
 * Terren Peizer, former CEO of Ontrak Inc., arrested for insider trading
 * Tony Ressler, former senior vice president, high yield bond market
 * Marc Rowan, co-founder and CEO of Apollo Global Management
 * Richard Sandor, chairman of the Chicago Climate Exchange
 * Rick Santelli, current on-air editor for CNBC's Squawk on the Street, known for remarks on CNBC in 2009 which were credited with helping ignite the Tea Party movement.
 * Tom Sosnoff, founder of the thinkorswim trading platform and current CEO of tastytrade.com
 * Gary Winnick, founder and former chairman of Global Crossing

title: Drexel Burnham Lambert


text:
Category:Rapists

This category consists of individuals who have been convicted of rape in a court of law as well as those who are considered by most historians to have committed the crime.

Rape is a form of assault.

Note: Individuals are listed in this category only if their offense is relevant to their notability.

title: Category:Rapists


text:
Leeudoringstad

Leeudoringstad (Afrikaans for Lion thorn city) is a small farming town situated on the main Cape Town - Johannesburg railway line in North West Province of South Africa.

Origin
Leeudoringstad was established in 1920 and named after the Lion-thorn, the African Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens).

Dynamite Disaster
The town hit the headlines on 17 July 1932 when a train carrying 320 to 330 tons (previously incorrectly stated as 1,200 tons) of dynamite from the De Beers factory at Somerset West to the Witwatersrand exploded and flattened the town. Five people were killed.

According to the: A.P.Cartwright "The Dynamite Company", a goods train delivering explosives from the Cape Explosives Factory to the Rand, with thirty-one trucks was loaded with 10685 cases. Just outside the station, about 1 km down the track, the driver noticed a cloud of smoke coming from one of the trucks in the middle of the train. He immediately stopped the train and was about to get down from the foot plate when a series of explosions occurred. The driver and his fireman escaped unharmed and managed to uncouple the engine and take it into the station to warn the people there that there could possibly be more explosions.

A nearby farm house received the full blast and four people in there were killed instantly as well as most of the livestock.

The board of inquiry found that the initial fire was due to the trailing axle of the first dynamite truck had become hot and ignited the grease and oil in the axle box. What saved the driver and fireman was that by regulation there had to be three empty trucks between the engine and the first explosives truck.

The paper, "The Star" of July 18, 1932 carried extensive articles.

Agriculture
Today, Leeudoringstad hosts the headquarters of Suidwes Landbou, one of the largest agricultural companies in South Africa.

title: Leeudoringstad


text: User talk:83.109.149.194

title: User talk:83.109.149.194


text:
Joseba Etxeberria

Joseba Andoni Etxeberria Lizardi (born 5 September 1977) is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played mostly as a winger, currently manager of Eibar.

After starting his career at the age of 17 with Real Sociedad, he quickly switched to Athletic Bilbao, going on to spend the rest of his extensive career there.

Exteberria earned 53 caps for Spain, representing the nation at the 1998 World Cup and two European Championships.

Club career
Born in Elgoibar, Gipuzkoa, Etxeberria began his career with Real Sociedad, making his La Liga debut at only 17 in a 2–0 home win against Espanyol on 29 January 1995. That summer, he moved to neighbouring Athletic Bilbao in a controversial transfer that cost over €3 million and caused the clubs to break off formal relations – at the time, it was the highest transfer fee paid for an under-18 player in Spanish football. When he returned to Anoeta Stadium in 2001, the Real Sociedad supporters prepared banners of his face on banknotes denoting him as a 'mercenary', and when he scored they responded with a hail of bottles and verbal abuse which earned the organization a fine from the Royal Spanish Football Federation.

In 1997–98, Etxeberria scored 11 league goals as Athletic finished second, achieving a career-best 14 five seasons later. He netted the goal that took his team into the group stage of the UEFA Champions League as they overcame Dinamo Tbilisi on the away goals rule, and repeated the feat in that phase of the competition against Rosenborg (1–1 home draw); in his first 12 years he never appeared in less than 28 league games, his lowest scoring output being three in the 2004–05 and 2006–07 campaigns, while he was also eventually awarded team captaincy.

On 1 October 2008, already playing second-fiddle, Etxeberria agreed a deal with the Basque side according to which he effectively played 2009–10, his last season as a professional, for free, after his contract expired in June 2009.

Etxeberria's last year was not a successful one individually as he only appeared in seven league matches, adding another seven with two goals in the season's UEFA Europa League, including his final for the club (a late penalty equaliser) against Nacional in the group phase of the UEFA Europa League on 5 November 2009. On 15 May 2010, he was replaced to a standing ovation in Athletic's 2–0 home victory over Deportivo de La Coruña, and represented his main club in 514 official matches (104 goals), third-best in its history only behind José Ángel Iribar and Txetxu Rojo.

Etxeberria's testimonial match at the San Mamés Stadium was played against 200 children, and he scored twice in a 5–3 win.

International career
After leading the 1995 FIFA World Youth Championship scoring charts and winning fourth place, Etxeberria was called up to the Spain full national team, making his debut on 19 November 1997 in a friendly against Romania in Palma de Mallorca and scoring in the 1–1 draw. He was capped 53 times and netted 12 goals, representing his country at the 1998 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2000 and Euro 2004. On 18 June, in the second tournament, he scored the 2–1 winner in the group stage match to defeat Slovenia.

Etxeberria also featured for the unofficial Basque Country side in 11 matches, a record number of appearances at the time which was honoured by the territorial federation upon his retirement.

Coaching career
Etxeberria began a coaching career after retiring, his first job being with the Basque Country representative youth teams. In 2012 he returned to Athletic, starting out at the youth academy; having spent so many years at the club as a player, he described the Lezama training centre as a "second home".

In 2015, Etxeberria moved to the first team under manager Ernesto Valverde. The following year he was appointed at affiliate Basconia, controlling a group of players he had previously managed at the Juvenil age group level.

In summer 2017, Etxberria departed from the Athletic internal structure whilst remaining contracted to the club and moved within the same region to become manager of third-tier side Amorebieta, replacing the departed Aitor Larrazábal (a former Athletic teammate and coaching colleague). On 5 February of the following year, he replaced fired José Luis Martí at the helm of Tenerife.

In May 2018, Athletic Bilbao confirmed that Etxeberria had cut all ties with the club to continue his coaching career independently. On 17 September, he was fired by Tenerife after the team failed to record a victory in the first five league matches of the season.

Etxeberria returned to the Athletic Bilbao staff in late May 2019, now as head coach of the reserve team Bilbao Athletic, on a two-year contract. On 14 February 2022, he replaced Lolo Escobar at the helm of Mirandés in the Segunda División.

On 24 May 2023, Etxeberria announced that he would leave the Jabatos at the end of the campaign. On 14 June, he replaced Gaizka Garitano at the helm of fellow second division side Eibar.

Personal life
Etxeberria was not related to former Athletic teammate Imanol Etxeberria. Coincidentally, they were raised just a few miles from one another (Imanol hailed from Bergara).

International

 * Scores and results list Spaon's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Etxeberria goal.

title: Joseba Etxeberria


text:
Talk:Tariff

Material copied from Keynes article
An IP editor copied a large section from the Keynes article without proper attribution, so doing on their behalf:

--John Maynard Friedman (talk) 14:24, 28 December 2021 (UTC)

 * I saw that; I think that that edit made the section overly large and Keynes-heavy. I think that should be trimmed to be about a one or two paragraph summary of Keynes's views.--- Avatar317 (talk) 01:49, 6 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree. Go ahead, make our day! :-D --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 16:27, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

De-industrialization, salary deflation and debt crisis
This new section added by an IP editor is on the edge of OpEd. It is substantially reliant on one source, the economist Jacques Sabir. The article as a whole needs to reflect a reasonable balance between the favourable and unfavourable (rational) views of the economic impact of tariffs. I suggest that this new section takes the balance too far and question whether it should stand. 𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 18:04, 8 December 2022 (UTC)
 * It looks like a massive NPOV violation to me. Possibly it could be fixed up as a paragraph in some other section, if someone were willing to do the work, but as it stands I'd prefer just removing it. - CRGreathouse (t | c) 21:06, 8 December 2022 (UTC)

Wow, this article is really klunky
Sorry, but this article needs a lot of work. Why is there a section heading with nothing underneath it? The Optimal Tariff section is completely unintelligible. I see it was added during a mysterious period in 2018 when several months worth of revisions have disappeared. (My understanding is there are two senses: (1) where the tariff is set at the rate that maximizes revenue; and (2) when a tariff can get foreign exporters to lower their prices in response and thus in effect pay part or all of the tax revenue, increasing net welfare for the home country.)

The Keynes section should probably be cut out into a separate article. Way too long making it WP:UNDUE. The American history section is rambling and way too long, especially considering there is a separate article on that subject.

And the supply & demand chart is ugly & not properly labeled. It should be replaced with the old chart that is much easier to understand. I see it still exists in the Free Trade article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EffectOfTariff.svg

The subsections on how tariffs are calculated nowadays is interesting & potentially useful, I guess, but why are they under the History section?

Then there's a big section on the history of Armenian tariffs since 2015 with no citations. Why?

I could go on, but you get the idea. This thing needs major surgery. Warren Platts (talk) 17:22, 4 January 2023 (UTC)
 * So you know what to do. "If you want anything done properly around here, you have to do it yourself". --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 20:15, 4 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tariff


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Carl Adolph Agardh

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 14:17, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

Carl Adolph Agardh
If I were to tell you that Carl Adolph Agardh was a Swedish botanist during the 1800s, you would then know everything there is to read within this substub. What is it about this article that makes it worthy of keeping? GRider\talk 18:50, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with the sentiment that six word (plus a couple of dates) substubs aren't worth adding--better to have a redlink until someone with more to say comes along. However, I also have difficulty with deleting encyclopedic subjects, so I added a bit paraphrased from a machine translation of the fr: WP. There apparently is much more about the guy that is encyclopedic (I couldn't figure out enuf about why it is claimed he was also an economist to add it) so I vote a weak keep on the slightly expanded article. Also, the original contrib is a long-time, respected WP editor, so any questions/comments about the brevity of the original article should probably be raised on his (I'm assuming) Talk page. Niteowlneils 20:09, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and expand. Noted botanist and economist. Megan1967 00:05, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Notable botanist.  --Viriditas  | Talk 04:50, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Notable botanist. Someday someone will add something. --LexCorp 05:02, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Generally speaking, this amount of biographical information is better to add to an annotated list of people, and start the article, whenever one gets the time, with at least a two- or three-paragraph stub. I have destubbed or at least desubstubbed a number of Swedish scientists. Agardh has been on my to-do-list for a while, together with his son Jacob Georg Agardh. They were both among the leading algologists of the 19th century (CAA probably the leading algologist of his generation). I don't know anything about algae, though, so if somebody who does will fill in that part, I will add the general biographical info from Swedish sources eventually. / u p p l a n d 08:38, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Expand. Notable Swedish botanist and MP. Also on our List of members of the Swedish Academy which also indicates that he was fairly notable in the scientific community. Thst he has an article on the French Wikipedia also tends to indicate notability. Well done Niteowlneils for the rewrite and look forward to Uppland's rewrite. Capitalistroadster 10:59, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Privilege (law)

Defined this way suggests chose.This is a dangerous use of language fueling perception not generic or literal fact. I'm white English, primarily a human being as we all are.Using phrases like this fir the most part negative and divisive. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.199.20.6 (talk) 21:54, 22 September 2023 (UTC)

.
The following bleat of dismay does not convey much hard information. Can it be rethought?: ''This term is also used to describe certain advantages that some groups of people are felt to have more than others. Examples include race, social class, attractiveness, and gender.'' --Wetman 18:53, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I've added a link to Privilege (computer science) under the 'see also' section, since I fealt that is of interest to many people too. I'm not sure though if this is the right way to do it, since the article goes in the category 'legal ethics' which does not exactly go for the privileges in computer science. However the roots for the term in computer science are of course what is described in this article.

Maybe it would make sense to put in one of these branching pages for people to chose whether they mean privileges in the context of law or computer science? I don't know how to do that and whether it is adequate... --Crispy 13:50, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

I added a "See also" link to the article on Executive privilege. It seems like an important example--but it may not quite fit the explanation of "privilege" given here, since it refers to a kind of exemption rather than a special power to take action. I'm not sure whether this is a problem or not.

Is there a well-defined concept of "privilege" in legal theory as contrasted (say) with what we call a "right?" If so, it would be great to have that made clear in this article; that seems to be missing. DSatz 15:02, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

I would like to move the second paragraph into a seperate article Privilege (evidence). The inadmissability of certain evidence in a court of law is quite distinct from the original concept of special entitlements, and it seems sufficiently relevant to justify an own article. - Framhein (talk) 16:49, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Err.. the text in the article:

'By contrast, a right is an inherent, irrevocable entitlement held by all citizens or all human beings from birth.'

is patently incorrect on several points.

Firstly, 'rights' are generally seen as being dependent on the state (I suppose due to the fact that the state is the embodiment of the social contract of the society). This tends to be a bit confused in states which uphold the concept of 'natural rights' (such as the USA) but can still be seen. 'Human Rights' are conceptualized in a way which better fits the definition in the article, and are of course highly contentious as many major states (such as the USA) do not recognize many of the rights outlined in the 'Universal Declaration of Human rights' (http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html) (for example, #25), and states such as PRC put a different emphasis on aspects of universal rights (placing community aspects such as health and education above personal freedoms).

Secondly, rights can certainly be revoked (by the state) such as when individuals are imprisoned for their crimes - an uncontroversial revocation of a universally agreed fundamental right. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Llaith (talk • contribs) 03:48, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Err.. the text in the article:

'By contrast, a right is an inherent, irrevocable entitlement held by all citizens or all human beings from birth.'

The Thesaurus treats "privilege" and "right" as synonyms; therefore implying a contrast between them is incorrect. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.51.107.103 (talk • contribs)

 * You cannot properly define the terms "privilege" and "right" merely by referring to a "Thesaurus." And, you are wrong; you can most certainly "imply a contrast" between the two terms.

 * As editor Bermicourt noted back in 2010, the basic problem is that the article is indeed too narrow. The article is also poorly sourced. In law, as in life generally, the terms "right" and "privilege" have more than one meaning. For example, in law, some rights can be granted by statute or taken away by statute. Some rights exist at birth and others do not. Some "privileges" exist at birth, while others do not. Some privileges may be granted by statute or taken away by statute. In law, a privilege can be a type of right. There are legal rights and natural rights, and they're not always the same. Famspear (talk) 12:11, 10 June 2016 (UTC)

Article too narrow
The text of this article is much too narrow. Privilege has a variety of meanings wider than simply a (US) legal status. Should this not be moved to Law of Privilege? --Bermicourt (talk) 17:53, 12 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Agreed. -- RP459  Talk/Contributions 18:56, 12 September 2010 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Pages moved. Unanimous consent that there is no primary topic. Note: the disambig move not yet done as it needs administrator assistance. Requested via db-move. — Amakuru (talk) 09:40, 27 November 2013 (UTC)

– There doesn't seem to be a WP:PRIMARYTOPIC for this common term. Scanning, Privilege (social inequality) is more common. Indeed, there have often been synthetic attempts to tie that concept in with this one. For now, I think it's enough to say that if there is a primary topic, the legal concept isn't it. I'm open to other alternatives for this title. The old title of Privilege (law) is unsuitable due to Privilege (evidence).
 * Privilege → Privilege (legal ethics)
 * Privilege (disambiguation) → Privilege

Incidentally, it might be a good idea to move Privilege (social inequality) to something like Privilege (sociology), but that's a conversation for another day. BDD (talk) 23:30, 19 November 2013 (UTC)

 * I suppose it's not feasible to ask for an article about the concept with links to more specific articles, but can I suggest it anyway? Red Slash 00:44, 20 November 2013 (UTC)
 * I considered that, but I don't see how that could be anything more than a WP:DICDEF. --BDD (talk) 01:00, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

 * In that case, I support. I think we can all agree that there is no primary topic here. Red Slash 03:04, 21 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Support - nom makes sense. In ictu oculi (talk) 06:42, 20 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Support - Privilege would be better as the disambiguation page. --Rushton2010 (talk) 01:28, 21 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Comment - I agree that the legal sense is not the primary topic of privilege, but I also think that there is a broad primary topic sense covering all senses relating to people holding certain positions or engaged in certain endeavors being held to a different standard than people not holding those positions or engaged in those endeavors. Such a concept covers all senses except for the proper names of a few the relatively minor media and business entities. bd2412  T 18:00, 25 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Support.  GregJackP   Boomer!   03:32, 26 November 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Privilege (law)


text:
Talk:National Center for Missing & Exploited Children

Deletion
This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. The consensus was to keep it. dbenbenn | talk 14:51, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup
I have added the cleanup-tone tag, Radiant! has suggested that it may actually need a cleanup-rewrite tag, as it appears to simply be a direct copy of the organization's mission statement. HyperZonktalk 18:53, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

I've written about the Center and can write an entry. One problem: The name of the organization uses an ampersand, and I don't know how to change the name above or do a redirect, and the Help instructions stymie me on this. Would anyone be able to help? --24.199.120.207, Fri, Sept 23, 2005

reply: To de a redirect, create a blank page with the following text in it only:

#REDIRECT internal link

Where "internal link" is the name of the page you want to redirect to.

Arundhati Bakshi 10:56, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Reverted edits
This addition of NCMEC criticisms by User:Nazz uses a encyclopedic tone, but does not cite reliable sources; instead, it cites blogs and blog comments. It also mentions the WSJ and Congressional testimony, both of which are far more acceptable as sources, and I see no reason why Nazz didn't cite them directly. Oh wait, yes I do: here's the actual "Wall Street Journal" piece: It's an an op-ed column on WSJ Online and Nazz mischaracterizes it. The columnist is only documenting his efforts to find a source for the NCMEC's figures for the size (dollar-wise) of the child porn industry – information which someone else (Chris McElroy of the 'faith-based' Kidsearch Network) is using as ammunition in their criticism of the Center. This doesn't constitute an endorsement by the WSJ of McElroy's allegations of NCMEC impropriety. The WSJ Online column could still be mentioned, just not in connection with McElroy. I didn't look up the Congressional testimony.

I'm actually not opposed to having a criticism section, nor am I opposed to ever citing blogs as sources (though the purveyors of WP:V would have my hide for saying so). It's just evident to me that in this particular case, a relatively non-notable criticism is being given undue weight, and the contributor's attempt to use mentions of the WSJ and Congress to artificially inflate the credibility of McElroy's blog smells fishy. I'd rather just revert it due to suspicious motivations rather than attempt to clean it up. The onus is on the contributor to write more neutrally. Ask here first if you need help figuring out a good way to characterize the debate.

I also reverted edits made later in the day by User:24.225.89.38. This user had made changes to both the AMBER Alert article and this one. The edits clearly reflect a malicious agenda; the reason for reversion (especially in the AMBER Alert article) should be self-evident. —mjb 05:24, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Member of the center for missing and exploited children.

I voluntarily join the center as I'm now the senior law enforcement officer of the Cambodian National Police and the Police Trainer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.82.248.67 (talk) 02:21, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

Merge tag on since 2008
Since the merge tag has been on the article Missing Kids Website for two years, with little activity and no comment regarding the merge, I'm going to work on the article's other three tagged issues ( advert, reference, wikify), and then merge it into this article as a section. Nihola (talk) 16:41, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

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text:
Extender

Extender may refer to:
 * DOS extender, a technology for bypassing the limitations of the DOS operating systems family
 * Extender (ink), a transparent material added to printing inks
 * KC-10 Extender, an air-to-air tanker aircraft
 * Meat extenders
 * Media extender
 * Seafood extender or Surimi
 * Tele extender, a secondary lens for SLR cameras
 * Quickdraw or extender, a piece of climbing equipment used by rock and ice climbers to allow the climbing rope to run freely through bolt anchors or other protection while leading
 * Extender (set theory)
 * MG Extender, a pickup truck vehicle built by SAIC Motor and sold in Thailand

title: Extender


text:
Category:Disney radio stations

Radio stations owned by Disney and subsidiaries such as ABC.

title: Category:Disney radio stations


text:
Category:ABC Owned Television Stations

This category is for television stations owned by The Walt Disney Company, parent company of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), carrying or planning to carry an affiliation with ABC.

title: Category:ABC Owned Television Stations