text:
Lavandula stoechas

Lavandula stoechas, the Spanish lavender or topped lavender (U.S.) or French lavender (U.K.), is a species of lavender occurring natively in several Mediterranean countries, including France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Turkey and Greece.

Taxonomy
The flower was first recorded by Greek botanist Pedanius Dioscorides as the name στοιχάς stoikhas coming from the Stoechades Islands, the Greek name became its specific epithet.

Subspecies
The recognised subspecies are:
 * L. stoechas pedunculata, the common type specific plant, once taxonomically considered L. pedunculata. There is considerable variation in this subspecies, and it may be split into a number of distinct forms. It is native to many coastal regions of the Mediterranean, with some populations on the Atlantic coasts of Morocco and Spain.
 * L. stoechas luisieri, which has petals much less interconnected. It is found mainly in Portugal and adjacent regions of Spain.
 * L. stoechas subsp. sampaiana
 * L. stoechas subsp. lusitanica
 * L. stoechas subsp. atlantica
 * L. stoechas subsp. maderensis
 * L. stoechas subsp. cariensis

Description
It is an evergreen shrub that usually grows to between 30-100 cm tall, but occasionally up to 2 m tall in the subspecies L. stoechas subsp. luisieri. Its leaves are 1–4 cm long, greyish and tomentose. The inflorescence is crowned by a mass of purple elongated ovoid bracts about 5 cm long. Lower flowers form a tight rectangle in cross-section. The upper of the five teeth has a wrong-heart-shaped appendage. The crown is blackish-violet, up to 8 mm long and indistinct two-lipped.

The flowers, which appear in late spring and early summer, are pink to purple, produced on spikes 2 cm long at the top of slender, leafless stems 10 - 30 cm long; each flower is subtended by a bract 4–8 mm long. At the top of the spike are a number of much larger, sterile bracts (no flowers between them), 10–50 mm long and bright lavender purple (rarely white). It blooms in spring and early summer, from the month of March in its native habitat, depending on the climate in which it grows.

Cultivation
This species is more tender than common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), being less frost-resistant, but harsher and more resinous in its oils. Like other lavenders, it is associated with hot, dry, sunny conditions in alkaline soils. However, it tolerates a range of situations, though it may be short-lived. Hardy down to -10 C (USDA zones 8–10).

The following cultivars have won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-
 * 'Ballerina'
 * 'Pretty Polly'
 * 'Willow Vale'

Other uses
The flowers are used in aromatherapy to prepare infusions and essential oils that contain ketones (d-camphor and d-fenchone) and alcohols (borneol and terpineol).

Invasive species
Since its introduction into Australia, it has become an invasive species, widely distributed within the continent. It has been declared a noxious weed in Victoria since 1920. It also is regarded as a weed in parts of Spain.

title: Lavandula stoechas


text: Template:Pioneer program

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:Pioneer program


text:
Talk:Hood Canal Bridge

Untitled
I worked as an oiler in the Operating Engineers while going through college, and worked on the bridge two different summers. I am dismayed at how little information is available on the official State Site on the bridge. I shall look more carefully, the information surely is there, and will be adding to this page from time to time. Rob

Why are there no illustrations on the Web or anywhere showing how the bridge opens, showing which parts lift up and which parts go under? There must be someone in the Department who can show us how ther thing works!! It’s not rocket science! —bill

This bridge represents the boundary for me between the mayhem of the city and the relative peace of the Olympic Peninsula. Often the smell of the sea is prominent here and is a reminder to breathe and relax. It's fun to cross this bridge in a storm. Even when the winds are blowing hard enough to blow waves completely over the roadway, you'll see seaguls cruising the wind wake. I have clocked many guls doing over 50 mph along the roadway even though they were canted into the wind and not flapping their wings at all. - Eric

Drawbridge
How is the span opened? How often? Wikiak 01:24, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

Yes, there is too much discussion of politics and no mention of the retractable span. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.118.61.239 (talk) 20:34, 4 August 2009 (UTC)

It's for sale!
http://www.frenchcreekboatsales.com/Custom/Spec1009_hood_canal_bridge/spec1009_hood_canal_bridge.asp

"Easily towed"? I'd add a bow to the east end of the east half, add some engines and create the worlds largest private barge.

The same company also had the HMS_Vengeance_(R71) for sale for a while.

It's Sold
...the state of Washington is currently replacing the old bridge as we speak. A company from B.C. bought the complete used bridge and they intend on towing it to Canada, and then disassemble the bridge into numerous lengths. They are going to remove all the roadway and pillars from the pontoons and sell the floating concrete pontoons in sections, that can be used for piers, breakwaters etc. ...

Regards,

Garth Leighton Sales Manager Pacific Boat Brokers Inc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bizzybody (talk • contribs) 22:46, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Tide Level Changes
How do the east and west approaches to the bridge adjust for the changes in tide levels?

Just interested —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.31.244.213 (talk) 20:42, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Future Pontoons
It says pontoons “will be” constructed and floated there — looks like that is from 2006; was it done? Pbackstrom (talk) 12:22, 7 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hood Canal Bridge


text:
Talk:Slam

See also Grand Slam (disambiguation).

title: Talk:Slam


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bridges in art

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 20:16, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Bridges in art
This isn't encyclopedic. Letting this survive will lead to articles such as Chairs in art, Oranges in art, Pyramids in art, etc.. (unsigned)

 * I think it would be best to include such info in the article about bridges. Move and delete. Mgm|(talk) 09:45, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * I note that it was originally split out of bridge. Interesting, useful information. Keep or merge back with bridge. Kappa 09:53, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I've expanded this, and may continue Kappa 11:54, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Entirely encyclopedic. If we can have a book The Pig in Art, Michael Ryba, ISBN 0-85613-544-5 or this external page Noli me tangere in art, then we can have many articles such as this in Wikipedia. -- RHaworth 12:36, 2005 Feb 8 (UTC)
 * Marge back interesting and encyclopedic, but doesn't need its own article. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 13:15, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. Keep information, definitely. Does not much matter whether it is a separate article or merged somewhere, but I think there is enough content here now to warrant keeping. I don't agree that this is a precedent for a family of Cruft in Art articles, because bridges are widely regarded as having an aesthetic dimension. "Earth has not anything to show more fair:/Dull would he be of soul who could pass by/A sight so touching in its majesty"—Wordworth, and I will add this to the article soon. Dpbsmith (talk) 15:48, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep the information; no opinion really on whether this belongs in a separate page, but there seems to be enough here to justify a page separate from bridge. -- Smerdis of Tlön 16:22, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.  Bridges can be aesthetic, like many designed objects, and partly because of this, they have been the subject of art works.  So what?   There might be something interesting to say about what makes a subject fit for a picture or a poem and why bridges fit those criteria. But that wouldn't be this article, since it is just a dumb raw list of poems, songs, paintings, etc that have some connection to bridges, in some cases a very slight connection.   For example, it includes "Bridge TV", a cable channel that tries to bridge between opposing factions in the Middle East.    If it is not deleted, at least it should be retitled to something like List of art works about bridges, and cleaned up.  --BM 16:54, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Perhaps a move, or a merge into something (not bridge), but this is quite encyclopedic. —Korath (Talk) 18:13, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with bridge. Wyss 19:43, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Enyclopedic, interesting and useful. The sort of article Wikipedia needs more - not less - of.--Centauri 21:52, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Well done. Gamaliel 22:17, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Centauri and Gamaliel said it best. - Lucky 6.9 18:44, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, excellent. —RaD Man (talk)  21:40, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, well done. humblefool® 00:30, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep.--Patrick 00:50, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Portal:Visual arts/Did you know/Archive

Suggestions
This is an area to leave suggestions for the "Did you know" section on the Portal:Visual arts. Eligible articles may only be up to 20 days old, or significantly expanded in the last 20 days.

List new suggestions at the bottom of this page. See Template talk:Did you know for examples of proper format. If there's a suitable image, place it after the suggestion.

Remember:
 * Proposed articles should be over 1,500 characters (ignoring infoboxes, categories, references) cite sources (these sources should be properly labelled, that is, not under an "External links" header), and be no more than 15 days old (unless it was under 1,500 characters or marked as a stub, and has been expanded by at least an additional 1,500 characters), and should not be marked as stubs. Articles with good references and cites are preferred to those without.
 * Suggested facts should be:
 * Interesting to draw in a variety of readers around the world.
 * Short and pithy (under about 200 characters).
 * Neutral.

 * Definite facts, mentioned in the article.
 * Suggested pictures should be:
 * Suitably freely (PD, GFDL, CC etc) licensed (NOT fair use) as the main page by policy can only have freely licensed pictures.
 * Attractive and interesting, even at a very small (100px wide) resolution
 * In the article already
 * Relevant to the article
 * Please check back for comments on your nomination. Your entry may miss out if you don't respond to reasonable objections.

Suggestions here:
 * ...that one of the first art galleries to exhibit photographs as fine art was the Terrain Gallery in NYC?
 * ...that the Russian painter Grigory Gagarin was also a military leader and a diplomat in Paris, Rome, and Istanbul?
 * ...that the 1991 Spanish film Amantes shocked audiences due to the frankness of its sex scenes?
 * ...that the Hallie Ford Museum of Art in Salem, Oregon, is the third largest museum in the state - and Yahoo! Travel's tenth best thing to do in Salem?
 * ...the Huguenot Hubert Le Sueur cast the giant equestrian sculpture of Charles I in Charing Cross, London in 1633?
 * ...that the opening sequence to the 1983 Thai film, Gunman was shot by the director, Chatrichalerm Yukol, while riding on the back of a motorcycle?
 * ...that according to the controversial Hockney-Falco thesis, the rise of realism in Renaissance art, such as Jan Van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait, was largely due to the use of curved mirrors and other optical aids?
 * ...that the 1957 film La Anam in 1996 was selected as one of the best Egyptian films in history by the Egyptian Film association?
 * ...that Danish painter Carl-Henning Pedersen was known as the "Scandinavian Chagall"?
 * ...that the Fenari Isa Mosque (pictured) in Istanbul represents one of the first examples of edifices with a quincuncial plan in Byzantine architecture?
 * ...that Fyodor Schechtel, the architect of Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal in Moscow, Russia, was expelled from his classes at Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1878 for "bad attendance"?
 * ...that the Russian architect Alexander Zelenko was one of the authors of the linear city urban concept?

title: Portal:Visual arts/Did you know/Archive


text:
School District of Mystery Lake

The School District of Mystery Lake provides educational services in the city of Thompson, Manitoba at six elementary schools and one high school. The School District of Mystery Lake offers programs in both English and French languages.

During the late 1990s, it was recognized that many of the cultural and language needs of First Nations peoples in northern Manitoba were not being adequately addressed by the predominantly English school system. Programming that encourages the use of Cree language has been initiated by the school district to address these needs. The staff of Wapanohk - Eastwood Community School have worked closely with the Manitoba First Nations Education Resource Centre in program development. Approximately half of the instructional and support staff of Wapanohk - Eastwood Community School are speakers of the Cree language, and the student population is an estimated 80 - 85% Cree.

Secondary
R.D. Parker Collegiate (Grade: 9–12)

Knights of Columbus
(Indoor Track Meet)

Grades Four(4) to Eight(8), every April all six(6) Elementary Schools participate in the annual event.

The following are the events, High Jump, Shot Put, 50 Metres, 300 Metres, 1000 Metres, CO-ED Relay and 4x1 Relay.

This event takes place in the C.A. Nesbitt Arena of the Thompson Recreational Centre which is located near the R.D. Parker Collegiate.

Notable alumni

 * Hon. Steve Ashton, Member of the Manitoba Legislative Assembly

title: School District of Mystery Lake


text: User talk:4.43.220.6

title: User talk:4.43.220.6


text:
Talk:Francis Greenway

Various comments
i reackon that this artical should have more information because it only has a little and it needs more

i think someone should put some more on it!!!!!!

so come on people put some information in it and it will be a usefull site to use!!!! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 144.139.164.220 (talk • contribs) 18:38, 8 February 2005  (UTC+11 hours)

yer come on people who are using this site u should put some effort into it and have a go at finding usfull imformation that other people can use for this subject —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 203.54.74.231 (talk • contribs) 18:45, 8 February 2005  (UTC+11 hours) Francis greenways children number is 4!!~_~ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 110.174.96.95 (talk) 07:43, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Eponym addition
A road was also named after him in Cherrybrook, NSW, Australia. Francis Greenway Drive. Bugsy2126 10:13, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

More info
What we need here is a list of Greenway's works. I'm working on it now, but if anybody knows of more of his buildings, please put it here so I can add it to the list.

Sardaka 09:04, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

I've gone through the book Heritage of Australia, which covers evreything on the National Estate, and I seem to have everything that survives of FG's work, as far as I can see. It's all in the list of his works.

Sardaka 09:58, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Christ Church Downend
I removed this:

 * He also designed Christ Church Downend near Mangotsfield (see Gomme an Architectural history of Bristol and church website).

Gomme et al, Bristol: An Architectural History says "Greenway's oddly named brother Olive was also an architect and designed Christ Church Downend". The church website doesn't seem to say anything on the matter, either in its current form or (via the Wayback Machine) as it was in 2010 when this sentence was added. The English Heritage listing for Christ Church Downend credits it to "Oliver Greenway" and dates it to 1831, long after Francis was transported. So it wasn't the work of Francis.

-- rbrwr± 10:50, 20 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Francis Greenway


text:
IND Sixth Avenue Line

The IND Sixth Avenue Line is a rapid transit line of the B Division of the New York City Subway in the United States. It runs mainly under Sixth Avenue in Manhattan, and continues south to Brooklyn. The B, D, F, and M trains, which use the Sixth Avenue Line through Midtown Manhattan, are colored. The B and D trains use the express tracks, while the F, <F> and M trains use the local tracks.

The Sixth Avenue Line, constructed in stages during the 1930s, was the last trunk line built by the Independent Subway System (IND) before it was incorporated into the modern-day New York City Subway. It was more difficult to build than other subway trunk lines in New York City because construction had to proceed around, over, and under existing tunnels and elevated structures. The Sixth Avenue Line replaced the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT)'s Sixth Avenue elevated, which closed in 1939. The first section of the line opened in 1936 from West Fourth Street to East Broadway with service provided by Eighth Avenue Line trains. This section was initially referred to as the Houston-Essex Street Route. The Sixth Avenue subway was completed in 1940, providing service north of West Fourth Street, connecting to the Queens Boulevard Line and the Eighth Avenue Line.

Initially, the Sixth Avenue Line carried only local service, since there were no express tracks between 34th Street and West 4th Street. In 1967 and 1968, the Chrystie Street Connection was completed, connecting the line with former BMT lines in Brooklyn via the Manhattan Bridge and with the BMT Jamaica Line over the Williamsburg Bridge. Two new stations at 57th Street and Grand Street, as well as a pair of express tracks between 34th and West 4th Streets, were built to provide the necessary capacity for the new service to Brooklyn.

There are branches on both ends of the line. On the south end, the express tracks used by the diverge to Grand Street and the Manhattan Bridge. The local tracks continue through the Rutgers Street Tunnel and to York Street in Brooklyn (used by the ) or via the Chrystie Street Connection and the Williamsburg Bridge to the BMT Jamaica Line in Brooklyn (used by the ). On the north end, north of 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center, the express tracks diverge to Seventh Avenue–53rd Street and the IND Eighth Avenue Line, while a spur used by the continues under Sixth Avenue to 57th Street and the 63rd Street Lines; the local tracks, used by the, merge with the IND Queens Boulevard Line and continue to Queens.

Extent and service
The following services currently use part or all of the Sixth Avenue Line, whose services' bullets are colored :

The majority of the Sixth Avenue Line has four tracks, two local and two express. At each end, these pairs of tracks split, giving the line two north and two south ends. One of the north ends is at 57th Street, where two tracks lead south under Sixth Avenue from the IND 63rd Street Line (used by the F train at all times). The other is just south of 59th Street–Columbus Circle, where a two-track line splits from the IND Eighth Avenue Line at a flying junction (with connections to the local and express tracks), immediately turns east under 53rd Street, and crosses the IND Queens Boulevard Line, which parallels it just to the north. At Seventh Avenue, the southbound track is above the northbound track (the same is true on the Queens Boulevard Line, though north is the opposite direction from the Sixth Avenue Line). These tracks are used by the B and D express trains.

The express tracks from Columbus Circle then turn south to go under Sixth Avenue, merging with the branch from 57th Street and the local tracks' split from the IND Queens Boulevard Line (used by the M local train). The branch from 57th Street merges into both the local and express track pairs; there are no direct track connections between the local and express tracks. South of this point, the Sixth Avenue Line consists of four tracks from west to east: the southbound express track, the southbound local track, the northbound express track, and the northbound local track. After passing through 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center, the two southbound tracks cross each other; the tracks from Columbus Circle become the two center express tracks, and the tracks from the Queens Boulevard Line are the two outside local tracks.

South of 42nd Street–Bryant Park is a large interlocking with six crossovers and switches. The original express tracks ended just to the south at 34th Street–Herald Square and some services switched to the local tracks at the interlocking. This was done because the PATH's Uptown Hudson Tubes already existed under Sixth Avenue south of 33rd Street, and so the Sixth Avenue Line local tracks were built on each side of PATH. The section between West Fourth Street–Washington Square and 34th Street–Herald Square, the only express section of this line, was originally built as a two-track subway with the provision to expand to four tracks later. The express tracks were added in the 1960s in conjunction with the Chrystie Street Connection project. As a result, they are placed under the local tracks and PATH using the deep-bore tunneling method. At West Fourth Street–Washington Square, the express tracks return to the same level as the local tracks, and the two pairs of tracks in each direction are connected with diamond crossovers. A flying junction just to the south connects the local tracks of the Sixth and Eighth Avenue Lines. The Sixth Avenue Line then turns east under Houston Street with an express station at Broadway–Lafayette Street.

East of Broadway–Lafayette Street, the express tracks turn south and use the Chrystie Street Connection to Grand Street before crossing the north side of the Manhattan Bridge into Brooklyn. The express tracks used to continue on to the express tracks at Second Avenue before the tracks were rerouted to the Chrystie Street Connection. The local tracks split at this point. One pair continues east to Second Avenue (used by the F train) while the other pair merges with the BMT Nassau Street Line at Essex Street (used by the M train). Since the IND typically installed express–local crossovers beyond the fronts of the station platforms, an anomaly in the track layout was created when the Chrystie Street Connection was built. A crossover exists west of Broadway–Lafayette Street only on the northbound side, allowing trains from the Manhattan Bridge to reach the Eighth Avenue local tracks at West Fourth Street but not vice versa. As a result, unusual routings are required whenever a train on the Eighth Avenue Line needs to access the Manhattan Bridge.

Just before approaching Second Avenue, the local tracks split into four tracks again. The two center tracks, which are not used in revenue service, dead-end just east of the Second Avenue station. They were built as part of the IND's proposed expansion in the 1930s, and would have merged with the never-built IND Worth Street Line and then entered Brooklyn. The line would have run to Utica Avenue in Brooklyn if it had been completed. Other provisions for unbuilt lines exist at the mezzanine levels of the Second Avenue and East Broadway stations, where unfinished open spaces indicate where stations for the Second Avenue Subway and IND Worth Street Line, respectively, would have been built.

The local tracks in Manhattan turn south under Essex Street and Rutgers Street before crossing under the East River via the Rutgers Street Tunnel. The tracks then become IND Culver Line in Brooklyn, stopping at the outer tracks of Jay Street–MetroTech.

Planning
New York City mayor John Francis Hylan's original plans for the Independent Subway System (IND), proposed in 1922, included building over 100 mi of new lines and taking over nearly 100 mi of existing lines. The lines were designed to compete with the existing underground, surface, and elevated lines operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT). The IND Sixth Avenue Line was designed to replace the elevated IRT Sixth Avenue Line. However, since the Sixth Avenue corridor was such an important subway link, the elevated remained open while construction on the Sixth Avenue subway proceeded.

In 1924, the IND submitted its list of proposed subway routes to the New York City Board of Transportation (NYCBOT), which approved the program. The IND's program consisted of two lines underneath Sixth Avenue in Manhattan. The first line would be a 0.74 mi section in Lower Manhattan between Lispenard Street to the south and Eighth Street to the north, comprising part of the present-day Eighth Avenue Line. The second line would be a 2.47 mi section running between Carmine Street to the south and 53rd Street to the north, comprising much of the present-day Sixth Avenue Line. South of Carmine Street, the Sixth Avenue Line would curve east under Houston Street, then south under Essex Street and Rutgers Street before continuing south into Brooklyn.

Work on the core section of the IND Sixth Avenue Line, located between Fourth and 53rd Streets, was not to begin for several years. The section of Sixth Avenue from Ninth to 33rd Streets was already occupied by the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad (H&M)'s Uptown Hudson Tubes. At first, the city intended to take over the portion of the Uptown Tubes under Sixth Avenue for IND use, then build a pair of new tubes for the H&M directly underneath it. The IND had committed to building the Sixth Avenue line, and the H&M's 33rd Street terminal was located both above and below preexisting railroad tunnels, hence the IND's plan to convert part of the H&M tubes. However, the H&M objected, and so negotiations between the city and IND and the H&M continued for several years.

The IND and H&M finally came to an agreement in 1930. The city had decided to build the IND Sixth Avenue Line's local tracks around the pre-existing H&M tubes, and add express tracks for the IND underneath the H&M tubes at a later date. However, the city still planned to eventually take over the H&M tracks, convert them to express tracks for the IND line, then build a lower level for the H&M.

The IND started advertising bids for the section of the Sixth Avenue Line between 43rd and 53rd Streets in April 1931. However, that May, construction was postponed because of fears that it would disrupt the Catskill Aqueduct, one of the New York City water supply system's crucial water mains to Brooklyn and Queens. The NYCBOT wanted to start work on the section between 33rd and 39th Streets first so that the engineering issues with the H&M tubes and water main could be resolved. In January 1932, the city announced an agreement with the New York City Water Supply Board. The IND wanted to start construction on the Sixth Avenue line by June so that some of the projected train traffic on the Eighth Avenue line, which was slated to open that year, could be rerouted through Sixth Avenue instead. In 1933, the New York City Board of Estimate requested a $25.5 million federal loan for the construction of the Sixth Avenue line.

Opening of southern section
The first portion of the line to be constructed was then known as the Houston–Essex Street Line, which ran under Houston, Essex, and Rutgers Streets. The contract for the line was awarded to Corson Construction in January 1929, at which time the city began evicting 10,000 residents within the line's route. Construction of this section officially started in May 1929. The contract for the Rutgers Street Tunnel, connecting Manhattan and Brooklyn, was awarded in May 1930. In May 1933, the city started widening Essex and Rutgers Streets to accommodate the future subway line underneath.

The Houston and Essex Street Line began operations at noon on January 1, 1936, with two local tracks from a junction with the Eighth Avenue Line south of West Fourth Street–Washington Square east under Houston Street and south under Essex Street to a temporary terminal at East Broadway. E trains, which ran from Jackson Heights, Queens to Hudson Terminal, were shifted to the new line to East Broadway. Two express tracks were built on the portion under Houston Street until Essex Street-Avenue A; the tracks were intended to travel under the East River and connect with the never-built IND Worth Street Line in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.

Just after midnight on April 9, 1936, trains began running under the East River via the Rutgers Street Tunnel, which connected the Houston-Essex Street Line with the north end of the Culver Line at a junction with the Eighth Avenue Line north of Jay Street–Borough Hall. E trains were sent through the connection to Church Avenue. Simultaneously, the Fulton Street Line was opened to Rockaway Avenue and the A and C trains, which had used Smith Street, were rerouted to Fulton Street.

Construction and opening of Midtown section
In April 1935, engineers started planning in earnest for the Midtown section of the Sixth Avenue Line. The first contract, for the section between 40th and 47th Streets, was awarded to Rosoff-Brader Construction in October 1935. Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia broke ground for the Sixth Avenue subway at Bryant Park on March 23, 1936. The Carleton Company was hired in September 1936 to construct the section from 27th to 33rd Streets, and Rosoff-Brader was hired that October to build the segment from 33rd to 40th Streets. The next month, the George A. Flynn Corporation received a contract for the construction of the section between 47th and 53rd Streets. The Arthur A. Johnson Corp. and Necaro Co. received the contract to build the segment between 18th and 27th Streets in January 1937. The final contract, between 9th and 18th Streets, was awarded to Spencer White & Prentis in June 1937.

The construction of the Sixth Avenue Line was very difficult because of the various utilities and tunnels above, below, and beside the line. At the time, it was considered the costliest subway line in the city. The line was built as a four-track tunnel north of 33rd Street, but there were only two tracks south of that street. The work largely involved cut-and-cover excavations, although portions of the subway had to be tunneled through solid rock. Builders had to use very small charges of dynamite so that they would not disrupt the H&M tunnels alongside the route, the street and elevated line above, and the water main below. The Sixth Avenue Elevated had to be underpinned during construction, adding another $4 to $5 million to construction costs. The Catskill Aqueduct was located around 200 ft below the avenue's surface, and workers on the new subway had to be careful to not cause any cracks in the aqueduct. As part of the construction of the IND line, the H&M's 14th Street and 23rd Street stations had to be rebuilt to provide space for the IND's 14th Street and 23rd Street stations, which would be located at a similar elevation. The 19th Street station was not affected because the IND tracks were located below the H&M tracks at that point. However, the 33rd Street station had to be relocated to the south of its existing location, above the new IND line. The IND platforms were to be located at the same elevation as the present H&M station, and there was no room to build a new subway station either above or below the level of the existing H&M station.

The H&M's 33rd Street terminal closed on December 26, 1937, and service on the H&M was cut back to 28th Street to allow for construction on the subway to take place. The 33rd Street terminal was moved south to 32nd Street and reopened on September 24, 1939. The city had to pay $800,000 to build the new 33rd Street station and reimbursed H&M another $300,000 to the H&M for the loss of revenue. The 28th Street station was closed at this time because the southern entrances to the 33rd Street terminal were located only two blocks away, rendering the 28th Street stop unnecessary. It was demolished to make room for the IND tracks below. The IRT's Sixth Avenue elevated ultimately closed in December 1938, just before the Sixth Avenue subway was completed.

In addition to threading around the H&M tunnel, the line had to pass over the BMT Canarsie Line along 14th Street, over the tunnels leading to Penn Station, under the four-track BMT Broadway Line at Herald Square, over the IRT Flushing Line at 41st Street, and under the 42nd Street Shuttle. Even though the line had to pass around multiple transit lines, the grades were kept to a minimum. The line included four-track stations at West Fourth, 34th, 42nd, and 47th–50th Streets. There were four sets of crossovers between 34th and 42nd Streets, and the southbound express track crossed over the southbound local track at a grade-separated flyover between 42nd and 47th–50th Streets. Bellmouth tunnels north of 47th–50th Streets were built to allow for a future extension under Central Park and along Morningside Avenue to 145th Street. This extension was part of the Board of Transportation's long-range program, and was estimated to cost $34.914 million as of August 1940. Construction was expected to start some time after 1946.

On December 15, 1940, local subway service began on Sixth Avenue from the West Fourth Street subway station to the 47th–50th Streets station with track connections to the IND 53rd Street Line. The construction of the Sixth Avenue Line cost $59.5 million. The opening of the Sixth Avenue Line relieved train traffic on the Eighth Avenue Line, which was used by all services except for the G Brooklyn–Queens Crosstown service. The additional capacity allowed for the reintroduction of the AA for off-peak service between 168th Street and Hudson Terminal via the Eighth Avenue Line, and the creation of the rush-hour BB between 168th Street and 34th Street-Herald Square via Sixth Avenue. In addition, the D train, which ran between Norwood–205th Street and Hudson Terminal via Sixth Avenue, was introduced to provide service between Sixth Avenue and the Concourse Line. The F train, running between Parsons Boulevard and Church Avenue via Sixth Avenue, was created to provide express service between Sixth Avenue and Queens. Finally, the E train was cut back from Church Avenue to Broadway–Lafayette Street, running to Queens via the Eighth Avenue Line.

Sixth Avenue express tracks and the Chrystie Street Connection
On April 19, 1961, ground was broken for a $22 million project to build two express tracks between the West Fourth Street and 34th Street–Herald Square stations. The express tracks were built 80 ft beneath the surface. The construction was done in two portions. The first section was between West 9th and 19th Streets, and the second section was between West 19th and 31st Streets. The express tracks were part of an $80 million subway improvement program that began with the reconstruction of the DeKalb Avenue station in Brooklyn. The second phase of construction was the Chrystie Street Connection, which would connect the BMT lines coming over the Manhattan Bridge and the Williamsburg Bridge with the IND Houston Street Line. There was also to be a new two-track spur line between West 52nd and 58th Streets with a terminal at 57th Street to allow trains to short turn. The two projects would allow 45 additional trains per hour, carrying a combined 90,000 passengers, to enter Manhattan during rush hours.

However, the section between 9th and 19th Streets soon experienced various delays: although it had started in April 1961, work was halted by a water main break in 1962, and by July 1963, the work was only 20 percent complete. Construction on the section between West 19th and 31st Streets was further along: it had started in the middle of 1961, and was 60 percent complete in July 1963. The first section was 88 percent complete on June 30, 1965, and the second section was 99 percent complete on that date. Between West 55th and 58th Street, a third of the structural work was done by this date. No stations were constructed along the new express tracks, but provisions were incorporated into the design of the tunnel to permit the addition of future lower level stations at 14th Street and 23rd Street without disturbances to train operation.

On November 26, 1967, the first part of the Chrystie Street Connection opened and Sixth Avenue Line express tracks opened from 34th Street–Herald Square to West Fourth Street–Washington Square. With the opening of the connection to the Manhattan Bridge, BB service was renamed B and it was extended via the new express tracks and the connection to the BMT West End Line in Brooklyn. D service was routed via the connection and onto the BMT Brighton Line instead of via the Culver Line. It only ran express during rush hours. F service was extended from Broadway–Lafayette Street during rush hours, and from 34th Street during other times to Coney Island via the Culver Line. On July 1, 1968, the 57th Street station and the portion of the Chrystie Street Connection connecting the line with the Williamsburg Bridge opened. Service on the KK was inaugurated, running from 57th Street to 168th Street on the BMT Jamaica Line. B service was extended during non-rush hours from West Fourth Street to 57th Street. D trains began running express via the Sixth Avenue Line at all times.

Later improvements
The Program for Action, a series of subway and commuter rail expansions proposed by the MTA to then-Governor Nelson Rockefeller, included a spur of the line to the underserved Alphabet City neighborhood on the Lower East Side. The spur would run under Houston Street, Avenue C, and 14th Street. The branch's construction was delayed in 1971 after voters blocked a bond issue, then canceled along with most of the Program's new projects after the 1975–76 New York City fiscal crisis and extreme MTA fare revenue fluctuations.

The tracks at 57th Street were originally built for a proposed extension under Central Park to Harlem. The stub-end tracks were eventually connected to the IND 63rd Street Line when the latter opened in October 1989. The 63rd Street line only extended to the 21st Street–Queensbridge station in Queens, and did not connect to any other lines in that borough. The Q train served the 63rd Street extension on weekdays and the train stopped there on the weekends; both services used the Sixth Avenue Line. The Q train, a part-time express within Brooklyn via the BMT Brighton Line, ran along the Sixth Avenue Line between 1988 and 2001, when the Manhattan Bridge south tracks were closed for reconstruction.

Planning for the 63rd Street Line's $645 million connection from the 21st Street–Queensbridge station to the IND Queens Boulevard Line in Queens began in December 1990, and construction began on September 22, 1994. The Connector came into regular use on December 16, 2001. A new Sixth Avenue local service, the V, was introduced operating local via Sixth Avenue and terminating in the center tracks of the Sixth Avenue Line's Second Avenue station. The V ran local on the Queens Boulevard Line, and it only operated during weekdays. At this time, the F, which ran express along the Queens Boulevard Line, was rerouted to operate via the 57th Street station and the 63rd Street line north of the 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center station, rather than via the 53rd Street tunnel. Both the 63rd Street and the 53rd Street lines merge into the Queens Boulevard Line in Queens. On June 28, 2010, the V was replaced by the M, which began using the Chrystie Street Connection to the Williamsburg Bridge. Regular M trains make all former V stops except for Second Avenue.

In 2004, full Manhattan Bridge service was restored. This resulted in full B and D express service being restored from 34th Street–Herald Square to the Manhattan Bridge, where the services continued to Brooklyn. However, the terminals of the B and D were reversed from prior to the Manhattan Bridge service suspensions. B service operates weekdays only via the Brighton Line express tracks to Brighton Beach, replacing the <Q> express on the Brighton Line. D service operates 24/7 along the West End Line because residents of Bensonhurst, a neighborhood located near the West End Line, wanted full-time direct subway service to Manhattan.

The 2015–2019 Metropolitan Transportation Authority Capital Plan called for the Sixth Avenue Line's 23rd Street and 57th Street stations, along with 31 others, to undergo a complete overhaul as part of the Enhanced Station Initiative. Updates would include cellular service, Wi-Fi, USB charging stations, interactive service advisories and maps, improved signage, and improved station lighting. The renovations at both stations were supposed to last from July to December 2018. The renovations were conducted under a $124.9 million contract that also included the renovation of the 28th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line. 23rd Street reopened ahead of schedule on November 29, 2018, while 57th Street reopened on December 19, 2018.

As part of the 2015–2019 Capital Program, the 34th Street and West Fourth Street interlockings on the IND Sixth Avenue Line were upgraded at a cost of $356.5 million. The interlocking upgrades would support communications-based train control (CBTC) installation on the Queens Boulevard, Culver, and Eighth Avenue lines.

title: IND Sixth Avenue Line


text:
Talk:Harlequin (software company)

From Harlequin to Global Graphics
In the summer of 1999, Harlequin Ltd. went into bankruptcy. The US subsidiary of Harlequin Group PLC did not enter bankruptcy. In July of 1999, Global Graphics purchased Harlequin Group PLC out of bankruptcy and acquired the worldwide assets. At the time, Global Graphics has both hardware and software divisions. Harlequin, the company, eventually became Global Graphics Software (ltd in the UK and Inc in the US). A while after the sale of the hardware division, Global Graphics Software became just Global Graphics.

The ScriptWorks RIP remained, eventually to be renamed to what most people called it: the Harlequin RIP. I suppose this means a new entry for this RIP should be made to this page?

FTR: This is my first Wikipedia posting of any sort.

Source: Well, I worked for Harlequin in 1999 and continue in the employ of Global Graphics. So the source, such as it is, is my memory.

Global Graphics

 * Bankruptcy is not a legal status for a company in the UK, just a colloquial usage. I wonder what actually happend.  Insolvency?  Receivership?  Clearly Harlequin wasn't liquidated, as a lot of it continued intact.  I note that the main article uses the phrase "was declared bankrupt" which can't actually be true.  RPTB1 (talk) 19:46, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

 * There were definitely receivers; I remember talking with them. NDL will have definitive information in his filing cabinet. Nick Barnes (talk) 19:52, 24 June 2013 (UTC)

Discussion of page move from Harlequin Inc.
I have performed the move; I preserve the discussion here Nick Barnes 12:32, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

Harlequin Inc. was the name of just one subsidiary of the company which started life in the UK as Harlequin Ltd and later changed its name to the Harlequin Group Ltd. All this history is a bit too much for a title and the proposed disambiguation will convey the right meaning. Nick Levine 11:32, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Support Nick Levine 11:41, 25 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. The article is about the whole entity, not just the US subsidiary. Nick Barnes 11:44, 25 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Austin Hair ✍ ✉ 20:41, 26 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The name of the company was "The Harlequin Group Limited" and that should have been the article name.  There is no need for a disambiguated article name if it is not needed.  Also, what is the name of the company for sure?  harlequin.com redirects to Global Graphics.  As noted below, the company name did change.  So the article should be moved and a redirect left from all of the old names.  In cleaning up the article, this can be explained under the history. I'll probably be bold and do the move.  Vegaswikian 00:20, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

In response to Vegaswikian's remarks: The name of the company *became* "The Harlequin Group Limited", in about 1992 or 1993, when Harlequin Inc was formed. The name prior to that was simply "Harlequin Limited". As I recall, Harlequin Limited became The Harlequin Group Limited, and a new UK company was formed to be Harlequin Limited (a wholly owned subsidiary, like Inc and Pty). In other words, the entity which is the subject of this article *changed its name* about half-way through its existence, but everyone apart from the company lawyers and accountants knew the whole entity simply as "Harlequin", or as "Harlequin, the software company" when disambiguation was necessary. Nick Barnes 10:28, 30 November 2005 (UTC) _____________

I think the page title may be wrong. My recollection is that the parent company was Harlequin Group plc, which owned Harlquin Limited (the UK arm) and Harlequin, Inc. (the US arm). Bovlb 07:42, 2005 Feb 8 (UTC)

I don't think that Harlequin was ever a plc.Nick Barnes 13:05, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

So far it seems that Global Graphics is now the name of the company. All of the other names should be explained in the History section. I have not seen anyone correcting GG as the name of the company, so I'm thinking this is correct. Vegaswikian 20:17, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

"So far it seems" to whom? The only basis for that is the remarks below (under "From Harlequin to Global Graphics"). It's a ridiculous assertion. If I bought IBM, renamed it "Spong Frobnicators Inc", sold off the consultancy business, spun out the mainframe division, and turned the remainder into a company making polystyrene packing peanuts, should the IBM page be renamed Spong Frobnicators Inc? No, the very idea is absurd. Nick Barnes 11:46, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

I would have agreed with Nick Barnes about this (that Hqn wasn't wever a plc), excecpt that I made the mistake of looking it up. Top piece of paper that came out of my filing cabinet (letter from the receivers, after Harlequin went into liquidation, to all employees, dated 1999-06-30) is signed on behalf of "Harlequin Group Plc and Harlequin Limited (both in administrative receivership)". So now we know. Another set of papers (hmm, contains a list of creditors, really interesting) is headed "Hqn Realisations Limited (formerly Harlequin Limited in Administrative receivership)" and lists under the the heading of "Previous names": "Harlequin Limited (until 27 July 1999)" and "Bridevale Limited (until 14 April 1993)". --Nick Levine 04:35, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

Another gem from the filing cabinet - a four page "history of the business". I'll take it into work and scan it. --Nick Levine 04:35, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

Functional Objects ceased operation in January 2006 and the former Dylan product line of Harlequin is now open source ( . This should be added. pet-ro 21:21, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Harlequin (software company)


text: User talk:210.49.31.3

title: User talk:210.49.31.3


text:
Kandyse McClure

Candice McClure (born 22 March 1980 ), known professionally as Kandyse McClure, is a Canadian actress. She gained prominence through her roles in the Fox Family series Higher Ground (2000), the NBC and Syfy adaptations of Stephen King's Carrie (2002) and Children of the Corn (2009), and as Anastasia Dualla in Battlestar Galactica (2004–2009), also on Syfy. She led the film Sew the Winter to My Skin (2018).

McClure was in the main casts of Persons Unknown (2010) and Ghost Wars (2018), also on NBC and Syfy. She had a recurring role as Dr. Clementine Chasseur in the Netflix series Hemlock Grove (2013).

Early life
Candice McClure was born in the Greenwood Park area of North Durban, South Africa. Her mother is an educator and her father is a musician. From the age of four, McClure moved back and forth between South Africa and Canada. She completed her secondary education at West Vancouver Secondary School in 1998. McClure was cast in a production of Athol Fugard's Valley Song at the age of 17.

Career
McClure's first television appearance was a lead role with Lou Diamond Phillips in the 1999 television film In a Class of His Own that was followed by the Fox Family teen drama Higher Ground and the NBC Saturday-morning series Just Deal, both of which premiered in 2000. The year 2000 was also the time period when McClure played a recurring role in the Canadian drama television series Da Vinci’s Inquest.

In 2002, McClure portrayed the recurring role of Elizabeth Munroe on Showtime's Jeremiah. Also in that year, the actress played the role of Sue Snell in the television film remake of Stephen King's novel Carrie. Also in 2002, McClure guest starred as Annie Fisher in two episodes of James Cameron's science fiction drama television series Dark Angel on Fox.

From 2003 to 2009 , McClure played the role as Anastasia "Dee" Dualla on the Sci Fi Channel series Battlestar Galactica. McClure's character, a Petty Officer Second Class in the Colonial Fleet, has never appeared in the original 1978 series, but was initially an analogue of Sarah Rush's original series character Flight Corporal Rigel. McClure was a regular cast member of the series until January 2009.

McClure then appeared in a 2009 television adaptation of King's Children of the Corn and the Carl Bessai feature film from the same year Cole. In 2010 the television series Persons Unknown, in which McClure co-starred, premiered, but the series was not renewed for a second season after it was initially picked up by NBC.

In 2011 McClure played the girlfriend of Stuart Davis in the independent short film Just Be Yourself, a comedy about a desperate man who is offered a job to "just be himself." McClure then joined Davis again in 2011 to co-host the second season of the late-night HDNet program Sex, God, Rock 'n' Roll. In 2012 McClure joined the cast of Netflix original series Hemlock Grove (premiered in January 2013 ) and completed the feature film Broken Kingdom (alongside Rachael Leigh Cook). McClure has also appeared in other television programs, such as Whistler, Andromeda, Jake 2.0, Smallville, and Reaper.

On 2 February 2016, Historica Canada featured Viola Desmond in the 82nd Heritage Minute, to mark the beginning of Black History Month. The video was filmed on location in High River, Alberta in June 2015. It features Kandyse McClure as Viola Desmond, a civil rights activist and entrepreneur who challenged segregation in Nova Scotia in the 1940s.

Personal life
As of 2013, McClure continues to work with the non-profit organization CARE Canada to address poverty in the world's developing regions. , McClure resides in Vancouver, British Columbia.

McClure is married to musician Ian Cylenz Lee. He proposed to her when they were visiting her family in South Africa in December 2012.

Awards and nominations

 * Leo Awards; Nominated in 2003 (Best Supporting Performance by a Female: Feature Length Drama) for her role in Carrie, and nominated again in 2010 (Best Lead Performance by a Female: Feature Length Drama) for her role in Cole.
 * Peabody Awards, Peabody Award for Excellence in Television, 2005, Battlestar Galactica R&D TV in Association with NBC Universal Television Studio, Sci Fi Channel

title: Kandyse McClure


text:
User talk:Parleyvous

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title: User talk:Parleyvous


text:
User:SPUI/New York City Subway service changes

 * 19401205 6th ave tube adds two new services.pdf
 * 19490929 wide ind changes scheduled by city.pdf
 * 19541018 bronx to coney ride in new subway link.pdf


text:
Hellboy: Conqueror Worm

Hellboy: Conqueror Worm is a Hellboy comic book mini-series, written and drawn by Mike Mignola and published by Dark Horse Comics.

This work was inspired by the Edgar Allan Poe poem of the same name.

Plot
In 2000, BPRD Director Tom Manning tells Hellboy and Roger that a satellite photo has captured a space capsule with a Nazi symbol reentering the atmosphere on course towards Hunte Castle in Austria, from which it was launched in 1939. A local police officer, Laura Karnstein, has offered to guide them there. In private, Manning reveals to an appalled Hellboy that Roger has been fitted with a bomb, just powerful enough to destroy him, and gives Hellboy the detonator in case the worst should happen.

Reaching the castle, Hellboy and Roger are separated and ambushed by Herman von Klempt and one of his cybernetic Kriegaffen ("war apes"). Hellboy awakes in a torture chamber, where "Karnstein" stands at von Klempt's side, revealing herself to be his granddaughter, Inger.

Roger is guided to the castle's power plant by Lobster Johnson, where he absorbs the generator's energy and deprives the castle of its power, allowing Hellboy to free himself from his restraints. Wandering through the castle, Hellboy encounters an extraterrestrial prisoner disguised as a man, who explains that the Nazis somehow made contact with ancient evil beings in space, and sent the capsule carrying a dead body for one of them to inhabit. Roger reunites with Hellboy just as the capsule lands.

Gas streams out of the capsule and transforms Inger's men into mindless frog monsters. The monstrous Conqueror Worm emerges and begins devouring the transformed men, growing larger as it does so. Inger, protected in part from the gas's effects by a gas mask, asks her grandfather how he can hope to control something like the Worm. Herman replies that he does not intend to; after the fall of the Third Reich, and the failure of his multiple projects to bring about the Nazis' planned conquest of the world, Herman no longer cares about causes, or his family, and simply wants to watch the end of the world. Inger removes her mask to realize that it has not protected her from the gas, only minimized the transformative effects, leaving her a humanoid frog creature who is just barely able to think and speak.

Von Klempt attacks Hellboy and Roger, but Roger destroys his robotic body and sends his preserved head falling off a cliff to his death. Roger initially urges Hellboy to let him get close to the Worm and then detonate the bomb, but Hellboy refuses, and instead they use Roger's body as a conductor to deliver a massive electrical shock to the Worm via a lightning rod, destroying it.

Inger is tempted by the ghost of Grigori Rasputin, who says she cannot prevent the end of the world, but can play a pivotal role in the world that will follow. Before she can act, however, she is shot dead by Lobster Johnson.

Hellboy, disgusted by the Bureau's actions toward Roger, gives the detonator back to Manning and announces that he's quitting, telling Kate Corrigan that he plans to travel to Africa, and after that "wherever the wind blows."

In an epilogue, Rasputin's ghost is confronted by Hecate, now inhabiting the body of Ilsa Haupstein imprisoned in an iron maiden. Hecate taunts Rasputin that all of his attempts to manipulate events in the living world are useless, since the only force that can release the Ogdru Jahad is Hellboy's stone right hand, and Rasputin will never control him. Rasputin screams in defiance at this with such force that his spirit shatters into bone splinters. Baba Yaga takes one of these splinters and puts it into an acorn, to wear around her neck.

Collected editions
It was collected as the fifth Hellboy trade paperback:

 * The Conqueror Worm (4-issue mini-series), 2001, Dark Horse Comics, tpb, 144 pages, 2002, ISBN 1-56971-699-4, 2004, ISBN 1-59307-092-6

Awards

 * 2002: Won "Best Finite Series/Limited Series" Eisner Award

title: Hellboy: Conqueror Worm


text: User talk:4.28.136.225

title: User talk:4.28.136.225


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Roby Thomas

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 20:24, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Roby Thomas
Only two Google hits for "Roby Thomas" + vioxx, and one of them (ironically named vioxxsucks.com) doesn't seem to exist any more. Note that the article was created by User:MrThomas. RickK 07:47, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity. JimmyShelter 09:13, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Mgm|(talk) 09:48, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete likely vanity. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 13:24, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Wyss 19:41, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Carrp | Talk 19:43, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity and no content Brookie 15:08, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Binding Triad

The Binding Triad (or World Parliament) is a proposal to amend the United Nations Charter to allow the United Nations General Assembly to pass binding resolutions with the approval of a supermajority of members. For a resolution to be binding, it would require the support of nations:
 * Comprising a majority of members of the United Nations.
 * Whose combined contributions in dues comprise a majority of the U.N. budget.
 * Whose combined populations comprise a majority of the world population.

The Binding Triad appeals to some world federalists because it could theoretically institute a world government with only one change to the U.N. Charter. However, further amendments would be needed to secure representative government. In addition, it is unclear what impact such a change would have on the role of the United Nations Security Council, which enacts and enforces its own resolutions.

Proposal
Richard Hudson (Executive Director, Center for War/Peace Studies, New York) argues that the U.N. can become a world parliament, making global decisions on wars. The key notion is the adoption of a new three-part decision-making rule by all U.N. members. The nations would accept as "binding" decisions those resolutions that carried two-thirds of the General Assembly (see above).

Hudson held three weekend "mock U.N. sessions" where the participants are actually from the diplomatic corps of U.N. members. These conferences are "trials" on how the new decision-making might go in "real life".

Limitations
Two general decision limits are obtained. First, the U.N. would never make decisions about any nation's internal affairs, but only its international ones. Second, the U.N. would not have military forces of its own. Doubts would be referred to the U.N.'s World Court for resolution. Hudson also fields a few of the tough questions raised by his scheme. This ending, of course, invites viewers to their own questions about the scheme.

title: Binding Triad


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vioxx (band)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 20:25, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Vioxx (band)
Only one Google hit for vioxx +hodowanez. See also Roby Thomas, above. RickK 07:51, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, band vanity. Megan1967 08:26, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity. JimmyShelter 09:13, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity. Mgm|(talk) 09:49, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete bandity. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 13:24, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity. Wyss 19:40, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Beverly Center

The Beverly Center is a shopping mall in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is an eight-story structure located near the West Hollywood border but within Los Angeles city limits, bounded by Beverly Boulevard, La Cienega Boulevard, 3rd Street, and San Vicente Boulevard. The mall's anchor stores are Bloomingdale's and Macy's. The mall's dramatic six-story series of escalators offer visitors views of the Hollywood Hills, Downtown Los Angeles, and Los Angeles Westside.

History
The site was formerly occupied by Beverly Park, a small amusement park featuring a Ferris wheel, merry-go-round, mini roller-coaster, and a pony ride called "Ponyland".

The Beverly Center opened on February 4, 1982. It was built, at a cost of $100 million, by developers A. Alfred Taubman, Sheldon Gordon, and E. Phillip Lyon. The mall was anchored by Bullock's and The Broadway department stores. Because of the small size of the plot of land, the mall was built entirely atop its own multi-story parking garage. The northeast corner of the mall, at the intersection of Beverly and La Cienega Boulevards, is the geographic center of the city's studio zone.

The mall's unusual shape and lack of street frontage along San Vicente Boulevard are the result of both its position at the intersection of a number of angled streets and its location above the Salt Lake Oil Field. , the western portion of the mall property contained a cluster of oil wells in an active drilling enclosure operated by Freeport-McMoRan (formally Plains Exploration & Production.

On July 16, 1982, the Cineplex Beverly Center 14 opened. The 14-screen multiplex was the largest in the US at the time. The opening was national news and was covered in The New York Times. In the late 1980s, three smaller screens were removed on the main floor, so two larger auditoriums could be built on the roof.

On October 24, 1982, America's first and the world's second Hard Rock Cafe opened on the ground level of the mall. It closed on December 31, 2006.

In 1989, Terence Conran's Habitat, a high-end British furniture company, opened an anchor store on the mall's ground level. It closed in 1993 and was converted later that year to Bullock's Men's Store. In 1996, Bullock's became Macy's and the Bullock's and Bullock's Men's Store anchors became Macy's and the Macy's Men's Store. The Broadway closed in 1996, when it too was absorbed into Macy's, and reopened in 1997, after renovations, as Bloomingdale's.

In 2004, Taubman Centers, the public Real Estate Investment Trust and successor to A. Alfred Taubman's shopping center interests, purchased its partners minority investments stake in the property.

The cinema closed in January 2006, as a result of the Loews/AMC merger. The theater reopened in February 2006, operated by Mann Theatres. It closed again in August 2009, and reopened again in September 2009, operated by Rave Motion Pictures. The theater closed permanently on June 3, 2010.

The Beverly Center underwent a renovation from 2006 to 2008. These renovations included reconstructing the escalators visible from the outside.

A food court operated at the mall until 2014, when it was eliminated. Uniqlo opened one of its first Southern California locations in the space. As part of renovations starting in 2016, the mall aims to bring restaurants back to the empty spaces on the street level.

Starting in March 2016, the Center underwent a major renovation that aimed to add a food hall and several new street-level restaurants and a skylight. Renovation costs were given as US$500 million. The renovations added a perforated steel facade on the outside of the building and an upgraded parking structure which includes technology to help drivers remember where they've parked.

Macy's Men's Store closed around 2021, and the space is currently being converted to a Gold's Gym and a Lucky Strike Lanes bowling alley.

In popular culture

 * A chapter in the 1985 Bret Easton Ellis novel Less than Zero is set in The Beverly Center.
 * Beverly Center was the setting of the 1991 film Scenes from a Mall starring Bette Midler and Woody Allen. The movie's interior mall scenes were filmed between the Beverly Center and Stamford Town Center in Connecticut, another Taubman mall.
 * Beverly Center played a part of the plot near the end of the 1997 disaster thriller 'Volcano' starring Tommy Lee Jones and Anne Heche. A triage and childcare center for neighboring Cedars-Sinai Medical Center was set up in the mall's Hard Rock Cafe. This was evacuated when a geyser of lava erupted out of San Vicente Boulevard, threatening the structure and its occupants.
 * Beverly Center was shown briefly in the 1997 film Selena, where Selena (played by then up-and-coming actress Jennifer Lopez) and her friend went shopping at an upscale store in the mall before Selena attended the Grammy Awards.
 * On May 18, 2009, rap artist Dolla was fatally shot at the Beverly Center.
 * In the film Eraserhead, industrial wasteland scenes were shot at the present location of Beverly Center. Prior to its current state of development, the site was an oil field.
 * On the 2013 SNL sketch "Waking Up With Kimye", Lady Gaga plays an Apple Store employee at the mall who works at the Genius Bar.
 * Beverly Center (named as Beverly Hills Mall) was the setting in the animated series Totally Spies!, is shown from the first three seasons until was destroyed in the episode "Head Shrinker Much?" and was replaced by The Groove in the fourth season.
 * Appears in the video game Grand Theft Auto V as "Rockford Plaza"
 * Referenced by musician Lana Del Rey in her song "Sweet" on the 2023 studio album Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd?

title: Beverly Center


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Antonina Liedtke

Antonina Liedtke, aka Nina, is a Polish science fiction writer and a technical editor.

Life
She became known in Poland with her short story CyberJoly Drim (Fenix, 1(80) 1999). Her other stories include Psychika ofiary (Psychic of the victim, Framzeta 8(2000)).

CyberJoly drim has been awarded with Janusz A. Zajdel Award, Srebrny Glob Award, and the On-Line Award (Elektrybałt) from the ezine Fahrenheit The story was extremely popular, despite being initially rejected by Maciej Parowski, the editor-in-chief of Nowa Fantastyka. Some quotes entered Polish internet jargon, e.g. "You can log off, but you can never leave".

She is a graduate of librarianship and information science from the University of Warsaw and worked in the library and publishing house of Warsaw University of Technology, and then the Publishing School of Economics. She is now editorial secretary in the publishing house Runa (Agencja Wydawnicza RUNA), created by an editor and translator Paulina Braiter-Ziemkiewicz, fantasy author Anna Brzezińska, and Edyta Szulc.

title: Antonina Liedtke


text:
User talk:Broquaint

Hi, and welcome! I saw your message on Talk:Togo. I couldn't find the version you mentioned, but I think I got the article to the correct version. If not, please let me know.

By the way, to revert an article, just follow these easy steps. First, in the history, click on the date/time of the version to which you want to revert. This will open that version of the article. Then click "edit", which will let you edit that version of the article, along with a warning that you are editing an out-of-date version. Without making any changes, choose "save"--the article will now be reverted. At the very least, you should put something like "rv" in the edit summary, although it's better to be clear exactly which edits you are reverting. Furthermore, I prefer explaining briefly in the summary why I'm reverting, so my edit summaries go something like: "reverted edits by 111.111.111.111 [added irrelevant text] to last version by UserXYZ". Let me know if you have any questions! — Knowledge Seeker দ (talk) 08:04, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * You're very welcome; I'm glad to be able to share my experience. Please let me know if I may be of further assistance. — Knowledge Seeker দ 22:19, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

Welcome!
Oh, and by the way...

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! — Knowledge Seeker দ (talk) 08:09, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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title: User talk:Broquaint


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Ariel Award

The Ariel Award (Premio Ariel) is an award that recognizes the best of Mexican cinema. Given annually, since 1946, by the Mexican Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences (AMACC), the award recognizes artistical and technical excellence in the Mexican film industry. The purpose of the Ariel recognition is to stimulate and increase the excellence of Mexican cinema, favor the growth of the industry, and promote the meeting and strengthening of the national film community. It is regarded as the most prestigious award in the Mexican film industry and considered Mexico's equivalent to the Oscars of the United States.

History
The statuette is in the image of a man and it was designed by the sculptor Ignacio Asúnsolo. The original statuette is currently found inside Churubusco Studios in Mexico City. The name "Ariel" was inspired by a series of short writings called El Ariel by Uruguayan writer José Enrique Rodó that inspired generations of young Latin Americans in the first decades of the 20th century.

Awards

 * Ariel de Oro (Golden Ariel)
 * Ariel Award for Best Picture
 * Ariel Award for Best Director
 * Ariel Award for Best Actress
 * Ariel Award for Best Actor
 * Ariel Award for Best Supporting Actor
 * Ariel Award for Best Supporting Actress
 * Ariel Award for Best Breakthrough Performance
 * Ariel Award for Best Original Screenplay
 * Ariel Award for Best Cinematography
 * Ariel Award for Best Editing
 * Ariel Award for Best Original Score
 * Ariel Award for Best Sound
 * Ariel Award for Best Art Design
 * Ariel Award for Best Costume Design
 * Ariel Award for Best Makeup
 * Ariel Award for Best Special Effects
 * Ariel Award for Best First Work
 * Ariel Award for Best Short Documentary
 * Ariel Award for Best Documentary Feature
 * Ariel Award for Best Animated Feature Film
 * Ariel Award for Best Fiction Short
 * Ariel Award for Best Animated Short
 * Ariel Award for Best Ibero-American Film
 * Ariel Award for Best Actor in a Minor Role
 * Ariel Award for Best Actress in a Minor Role
 * Ariel Award for Best Child Performance
 * Ariel Award for Best Youth Performance
 * Ariel a Mejor Ambientación
 * Ariel a Mejor Argumento Original (Best Original Story)
 * Ariel a Mejor Cortometraje Educativo, Científico o de Divulgación Artística (Best Educational, Scientific, or Artistic Short Film)
 * Ariel a Mejor Escenografía (Best Production Design)
 * Ariel a Mejor Guión Adaptado (Best Adapted Screenplay)
 * Ariel a Mejor Guión Cinematográfico (Best Screenplay for Cinema)
 * Ariel a Mejor Música de Fondo (Best Score)
 * Ariel a Mejor Mediometraje Ficción (Best Medium-Length Fiction)
 * Ariel a Mejor Mediometraje Documental (Best Medium-Length Documentary)
 * Ariel a Mejor Tema Musical (Best Song)

Additional awards

 * Ariel Especial de Plata (Special Silver Ariel)
 * Premio Especial (Special Ariel)
 * Premio de Honor (Honorary Award)†
 * Premio Medalla Salvador Toscano (Salvador Toscano Medal)
 * Reconocimiento del Instituto Mexicano de Cinematografía (Special Recognition)
 * Diploma de Honor (Honorary Diploma)

title: Ariel Award


text:
List of wars: 1500–1799

This is a list of wars that began between 1500 and 1799. Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity. Major conflicts of this era include the Italian Wars and Thirty Years' War in Europe, the Kongo Civil War in Africa, the Qing conquest of the Ming in Asia, the Spanish conquest of Peru in South America, and the American Revolutionary War in North America.

Based on statistics from Our World in Data (starting in 1400), 1525 (the end of the German Peasants' War) was, at its time, the deadliest year in terms of conflict deaths with 160k deaths, until it was surpassed by 1618 which saw 316k deaths. As the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and the Manchu conquest of China (1618–1683) continued, 1618 was surpassed by 1619 (359k deaths), 1625 (443k deaths), 1627 (453k deaths), 1628 (456k deaths) and 1629 (456.8k deaths). 1629 was later surpassed by 1756 (457.5k deaths), at the start of the Seven Years' War.

title: List of wars: 1500–1799


text:
Matt Greenfield

Matthew Brian Greenfield (born January 12, 1965) is an American producer, scriptwriter, director and voice actor. He produces English-language versions of Japanese anime, including Neon Genesis Evangelion, and was the co-founder of A.D. Vision.

Early life
Matthew Brian Greenfield was born on January 12, 1965, in Sacramento, California to Patricia (née Doering, born 1938) and Virgil Greenfield (1934–2006). His grandparents, Esther (née Weaver, 1917–2013) and Joseph Doering (1906–1975), worked at jewelry shops in Los Angeles; Esther was also a longtime member of the Shasta Dam Methodist Church (now known as the Shasta Lake Community United Methodist Church).

Career
Originally a fan who ran an anime club in Houston, Texas (known as "Anime NASA") starting in 1985 alongside classmate and AD Vision founder David Williams, Greenfield and Williams met fellow enthusiast John Ledford in 1992 and the three quickly formed AD Vision, a name later condensed to ADV Films. The company, which began as an importer of anime, marketing primarily to the existing network of anime fans, rapidly expanded and soon had its own dedicated dubbing studios and a distribution network that also handled international marketing, licensing and North American home video distribution for a wide variety of other programming, including non-ADV produced animated titles such as Sailor Moon, Robotech, Hello Kitty and ReBoot, and a diverse lineup of live action programming that ranged from Japanese horror and kaiju productions such as Gamera: Guardian of the Universe, Daimajin and the all-time Godzilla classic Destroy All Monsters.

Still growing, ADV also launched the first all anime television channel, The Anime Network, and a publishing division that distributed the authorized English version of the popular Japanese magazine Newtype and Japanese manga.

During a nearly 17-year period, Greenfield served first as ADV's general manager, then as a vice president of the company, and was involved with the majority of the company's releases, either as producer or executive producer, until 2009, when ADV ceased actively acquiring new media. By that time, Greenfield had already stepped into place as the front person for two new companies: Switchblade Pictures, which specializes in Japanese live-action exploitation films, and Maiden Japan, an animation label that began operations with the faux ecchi anime, Papillon Rose.

He continues to write and produce English dubs for new companies and distributors such as Sentai Filmworks and Section23 Films via post-production house/dubbing studio Seraphim Digital.

Greenfield has also worked as a voice actor, often going by the pseudonym Brian Granveldt.

He married voice actress Tiffany Grant in 2003 (divorced in 2018). Greenfield is a frequent guest at anime and sci-fi conventions around the world, where he speaks on both the history and future of animation.

title: Matt Greenfield


text:
House Party 2

House Party 2 is a 1991 American comedy film and the sequel to the 1990 film House Party released by New Line Cinema. The film returns most of the cast of the first film such as Kid 'n Play, Full Force, Tisha Campbell, and Martin Lawrence along with new cast members such as Iman, Queen Latifah, and Georg Stanford Brown and more guest appearances by other famous entertainers, such as Tony! Toni! Toné! and Ralph Tresvant. The film is directed by Doug McHenry and George Jackson in their directorial debut.

In contrast to the original, House Party 2 doesn't focus more on the party aspect of the plot. Instead, it focuses more on the characters' personal lives ranging from dating to education and career ambitions. The titular festivities, this time around, is a college pajama party instead of a high school house party.

The film is dedicated to the memory of Robin Harris, who played Pops in the first film and died nine days after the first film's release. As a result of Harris' death, his character Christopher "Pop" Robinson Sr. died before the events of this film.

Plot
After high school graduation and his father's death, Kid, with scholarship money provided by the congregation of his church, goes off to college with his girlfriend, Sidney. Play, now driving a Ford Mustang instead of his beat up old wagon, meets Sheila Landreaux and her associate Rick. Really a con artist, Sheila convinces Play she is a record executive who would like to sign him, he just has to put some money down first.

Lured by dreams of stardom, Play signs over Kid's college scholarship check. Unaware of this, Kid starts school and meets his roommate Jamal Johnson, a white kid obsessed with all things Black. Kid eventually finds out what Play did and fights him. Unable to pay his tuition and enrollment fees, Kid tries to reason with the dean but is only given a week to gather the money he needs. The dean's assistant, Miles, helps Kid with an extension and a job in the dining hall, working for Mr. Lee, a man who runs the hall like a military officer.

Kid struggles having to work to pay for school as well as writing a paper for a demanding professor. To top it off, Kid is hunted by his high school bullies, Stab, Zilla, and Pee Wee, who take jobs as campus security.

Kid's perseverance pays off, and he gains the trust of Mr. Lee. Meanwhile, Play is unable to get the money back from the con artists in time to pay for Kid's tuition. Plus, Sidney breaks up with Kid and starts dating Miles, who only helped Kid in order to get close to her.

In order to raise the money he needs and win back Sidney, Kid, Play, Bilal and Jamal secretly hold a pajama themed party for the students in the faculty dining hall. For this, Kid steals the hall's key. Admission is $10 for men and free for women who wear nightwear. Campus security tries to get information on the party by pretending to be students, but their antics are unsuccessful.

The party is a success as hundreds of students turn up wearing elaborate costumes and dance the night away, including to a performance by Kid and Play.

Eventually, Play sees the con artists trying to coerce Zora, Sidney’s socially conscious roommate. Meanwhile, Kid sees Miles with Sidney trying to drug her. Kid, Play and campus security run upstairs to stop the con artists and Miles. Kid fights Miles on the roof. The dean and the police come in to stop the party. Play tells the dean that Sheila and Rick stole Kid’s check. They, along with Miles, are arrested.

The dean tells Kid, Play, Bilal, and Jamal to clean up the hall, or they will face expulsion. Kid gives the money to Mr. Lee for the damages. With all of his options exhausted, Kid still has to drop out of school and He goes to his father's grave inside the cemetery to try to sort things out until Play comes inside the cemetery trying to talk to Kid. Kid is still disappointed with Play for causing him to drop out of college.

Meanwhile,Kid heads back to his dorm room to move his things out. Play then arrives in his beat up old wagon, and gives Kid money, feeling guilty about using the check. Kid wants to go out and celebrate with him and Bilal, but Play tells him to hit the books. He also says he is gonna visit the university periodically, seeing as Kid is his "investment" now moving back inside his dorm and Play driving off to the sunset.

Cast

 * Christopher Reid as Christopher "Kid" Robinson, Jr.
 * Christopher Martin as Peter "Play" Martin
 * Paul Anthony George as Stab
 * Lucien "Bowlegged Lou" George, Jr. as Pee-Wee
 * Brian "B-Fine" George as Zilla
 * Tisha Campbell as Sidney
 * Iman as Sheila Landreaux
 * Queen Latifah as Zora Henderson
 * Georg Stanford Brown as Prof. Sinclair
 * Helen Martin as Mrs. Deevers
 * William Schallert as Dean Kramer
 * Kamron as Jamal Johnson
 * Tony! Toni! Toné! as themselves
 * Ralph Tresvant as himself
 * Martin Lawrence as Bilal
 * Tony Burton as Mr. Lee
 * Louie Louie as Rick
 * Christopher Judge as Miles (credited as D. Christopher Judge)
 * Whoopi Goldberg as the Professor

Soundtrack
A soundtrack containing hip hop and R&B music was released on October 15, 1991 by MCA Records. It peaked at 55 on the Billboard 200 and 23 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, becoming the most successful of the House Party soundtracks.

Box office
The movie debuted at No.1 at the box office.

Critical response
Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 27% based on reviews from 15 critics.

Sequel
A sequel to the film, titled House Party 3, was released on January 12, 1994.

title: House Party 2