text:
Talk:Yellowstone Caldera

Holy Contradictory Statements Batman
Notice the part where it says "none of these things are likely to have any effect and would likely cause an eruption." Well which one is it!?
 * I removed the offending line. Now the sense of the paragraph (I think) is to indicate that such things would have no effect; there is no real need for such things anyway. Cheers Geologyguy 13:57, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Recent Volcanic Activity
The current article claims "Smaller explosive eruptions, similar to the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption, occur every 20,000 years or so; an explosion 13,000 years ago left a 5 kilometer diameter crater at Mary Bay, on the edge of Yellowstone Lake (located in the center of the caldera)." This contradicts with the statement "The most recent volcanic activity consisted of rhyolitic lava flows that erupted approximately 70,000 years ago. The largest of these flows formed the Pitchstone Plateau in southwestern Yellowstone National Park." from the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory FAQ. Does anybody know which version is correct? --Jochen 16:39, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The Mary Bay eruption was actually caused by steam, not direct volcanism. I have corrected this. Gwimpey 17:47, Mar 28, 2005 (UTC)

Discovered with satellite images?
I noticed the article now states that the caldera was discovered using satellite imagery. I haven't heard that before; any references from anyone? Gwimpey 03:51, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I saw confirmation of this fact on the BBC, on a documentary about a natural phenomena they called super-volcano. Revmachine21 13:29, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

 * According to the USGS Yellowstone VO it's an urban myth, see here
 * I went to view the article in Mar 2018, and the page is about an engineer/employee of the USGS who had died. SkoreKeep (talk) 20:36, 19 March 2018 (UTC)

 * I reccomend editing the article  Ralph 22Feb06

 * I took that part out; the linked information seems pretty clear on the matter. I do think that Bob Christiansen's work should be mentioned in this article (see the link above.)

Oldest Caldera
On 29 Jan 06 the user 68.49.15.215 added the text "The oldest identified caldera remnant is straddling the border near McDermitt, Nevada-Oregon" Does anyone know the source for this? I admit I am not current, but the last I read the chain stopped in the Blue Mountains area of eastern Oregon/Idaho. In fact, summer 05 the geologist at Craters of the Moon said the same thing. But then both of us could have been wrong. Ralph 16March06
 * NEVER MIND... See  Ralph

We all are going to die...

Lance it?
Why cannot this bubble of magma be lanced like a boil to let it all out slowly?--Light current 02:55, 24 January 2007 (UTC)
 * With a probable depth to magma of 8 to 10 km (26,000 to 32,000 ft), it is toward the limit of modern drilling technology, but not beyond it. But, most drill bits and steel drill strings would probably melt in the magma, and as the pressure was released volatiles (water, CO2, etc) would come out and the magma would freeze.  Even if it could come up a drill hole, the volume would be soooooo tiny that even dozens of holes would have little effect - the "bubble" is huge.  And actually, long before the "supervolcano" explosion, great volumes of magma must come out naturally, to create the void space into which the roof of the caldera collapses, releasing the pressure over a wide area catastrophically, and thereby setting off the supervolcano eruption.  It will likely be a span of dozens, if not hundreds of years or more, of such small eruptions before the "big one" can happen.  Of course, maybe sometime in the next 100,000 years, we will learn how to "de-fuse" such an event.  I live 120 miles from it and I'm going to sleep very well tonight.  Cheers Geologyguy 03:12, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Well as a geology guy, cant you think of any way to release this pressure?--Light current 03:16, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Sure - I would just let nature do it in her own good time. Cheers Geologyguy 03:18, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

But if you drilled into the magma while pumping drilling mud down the hole, the magma around the hole would solidify as the hole is drilled. Keep pumping water down the hole and the wall of the hole could be kept solid indefinitely. Hopefully the wall of the hole would be porous enough to allow the gasses trapped in the magma to pass through the wall and then exit up the hole. As I understand it, it's the trapped gasses in the magma that are the biggest problem. If dozens of drill holes won't relieve enough pressure, then drill thousands of holes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.151.193.249 (talk) 01:37, 29 March 2009 (UTC)

 * If I really needed to do this, I'd using consider a hydrogen bomb. However, this has certain drawbacks of its own, and often, trying things like this leads to quickly creating a very bad situation that otherwise might have been avoided. (See for example Chernobyl_disaster.) If Mama Nature decides that it's time to drop the hammer on us, there isn't a whole lot we can do. -- 201.53.7.16 (talk) 18:30, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I guess the silver bullet would be a huge geothermal power plant on top of the bubble to transform the destructive power of this volcano into infinite amounts of usable energy. But I also guess that we will just have to hope that the volcano won't erupt until such a project is somehow feasible. --Mudd1 10:10, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

 * If the thing really becomes active, this is rather like having a windmill in a tornado. -- 201.53.7.16 (talk) 18:30, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Perhaps you may want to take an object lesson from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4Of8cm0kS8 71.229.179.61 (talk) 10:23, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

Dunno if I should have created a whole new topic of this, but I was thinking that should there be placed some reassurance on the article that, on the span of it's activity humanity has observed it very little and we don't exactly know if the sudden elevation changes mean much anything or are indicative of anything else than normal activity. I'm not that easily mentally stressed, but I'd be lying if the report of "never before seen rise of upwards of 7 centimetres" didn't cause me some anxiety. --Petrim (talk) 14:03, 22 October 2008 (UTC)

the volcanic triangle
If you draw points on a map for the 3 supervolcanoes in the US, and make a triangle, in the middle of the triangle seems to be a basin located in Utah. Also, around the triangle seems to be a rim of mountains, some over 3 km high, and in the middle and around it is mostly lower land. This sounds like the shape of a volcano, so is it possible that this whole area is a massive supervolcano? Should it be kept away from the article? How big is the largest supervolcano except for this hypopethical one? Thanks. A stroHur  ricane  00  1 (Talk+Contribs+Ubx) 21:54, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what you mean by the three supervolcanoes in the US, but in any event and no matter what they are, no, it is not possible that the whole areas is a massive supervolcano. The geology, tectonics, history, and everything else about Utah or any other vast area like that makes it completely clear that this is not the case. Cheers Geologyguy 22:00, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks, also, have any valuable minerals ever been discovered in this area (diamonds, gold, silver, oil, coal, gas, water)? The landscape of this area seemsideal for that. When I said the 3 volcanoes, that includes Yellowstone, Long Valley, and anotherone in New Mexico. Should any of this (minerals, etc.) be in the article? Or is it unverifiable due to WP:NOR? Thanks. A  stroHur  ricane  00  1 (Talk+Contribs+Ubx) 22:04, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Warehouse 13 showed a map in episode 2-12 of the Long Valley Caldera, Yellowstone Caldera and Valles Caldera triangle (but since 3 points always make a triangle....). They are all still active.  Long and Valles aren't over hotspots and are not understood as to their source of energy.    —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.85.163.245 (talk) 00:41, 28 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes to the minerals question, all of the above except diamonds, plus huge amounts of copper and many other things. Many, many verifiable and reliable sources cite these dozens of mineral occurrences - I'm sure we have articles about them, see for example Bingham Canyon. It is the rich and diverse geologic history that enhances the occurrence of these useful commodities, but it has nothing really to do with the Yellowstone Caldera and certainly does not belong in this article, IMO. Cheers Geologyguy 22:44, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

A few comments from someone who knows about the Yellowstone caldera but not much about editing in Wikipedia.
Smaller steam explosions occur every 20,000 years or so; an explosion 13,000 years ago left a 5 kilometer diameter crater at Mary Bay on the edge of Yellowstone Lake (located in the center of the caldera).

No. Volcanic eruptions occurred every 20,000 years from 640,000 years ago until 70,000 years ago. During the last 15,000 years, there have been no volcanic eruptions but lots of steam (hydrothermal) explosions, including the one at Mary Bay. Some may have occurred earlier, but evidence was largely wiped out by the glaciers.

''A full-scale eruption of the Yellowstone caldera could result in millions of deaths locally and catastrophic climatic effects globally, but there is little indication that such an eruption is imminent.[citation needed] '' Best citation is probably that by two of the coordinating scientists of YVO. Lowenstern, J.B., Smith, R.B., and Hill, D.P., 2006, Monitoring Super-Volcanoes: Geophysical and Geochemical signals at Yellowstone and other caldera systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, v.264,no. 1845, p. 2055-2072.

It is available in pdf on the home page of the YVO website (link is there). Article is written for a general scientific to lay audience.

>Geologists are closely monitoring the rise and fall of the Yellowstone Plateau, which averages +/- 1.5 cm yearly, as an indication of changes in magma chamber pressure.[citation needed]

The up and down movement is highly variable. An average is not very meaningful. The caldera has moved up about 7 cm each of the past two years. A good description is in the article above, or you can simply link to the GPS data on the website. There is also another USGS Fact Sheet (Brantley et al., 2004) on the YVO website that discusses uplift in some detail.

>Occasionally proposals are suggested for ways to safely relieve the buildup of dissolved gas in the Yellowstone magma chamber, usually involving drilling holes or using explosives to release small amounts of pressure in a controlled manner.[citation needed]

You won't find any citations because there aren't any credible plans. This is not technically feasible, as is pointed out here on the comment page.

69.144.201.130 14:13, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Time to Update Movement Data?
This report was released on March, but it doesn't appear to have made it here yet...

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17629668

"Data shows that the caldera floor sank 4.4 inches from 1987 until 1995. From 1995 until 2000, the northwest rim of the caldera rose about 3 inches, followed by another 1.4-inch rise until 2003. Then between 2000 and 2003, the caldera floor sank a little more than an inch.

And then from 2004 to 2006 the central caldera floor rose faster than ever, springing up nearly 7 inches during the three-year span."

-Electrostatic1 10:05, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Inasmuch as these sort of measurements haven't been able to be made until GPS came into general use, it's not known whether these movements are indicative or just normal; there's simply no track record. We already know the whole area lies above a lava pool 10-20 km down, so whether these measurements mean anything other than business as usual has yet to be learned. SkoreKeep (talk) 17:46, 12 January 2014 (UTC)

Where's the discussion of Yellowstone Plateau merge?
The banner at the top of this article and the Yellowstone Plateau one say to come here to find the discussion of a merge. I don't see any. Is something out of sync or is there just no discussion?

This article appears to have been lifted word for word from wordpress.com (or vice versa).

I'd like to comment that the Plateau article talks a lot more about a caldera than a plateau. IMHO, as it stands, merging it makes sense. But speaking as a casual passer-by, it would be nice to see it stand on its own by showing and telling the how, what, and where of the plateau. I don't usually think of plateaus and caldera as coexisting. Kkken 08:23, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Either expanding both articles or combining them is feasible, but the plateau itself has the caldera inside it, so merging this article into the one about the plateau would be best if done at all. That wordpress article is likely a mirror of this one.--MONGO 13:56, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Hmm, Merge is definately warranted. especially considering the size of the Plateau article. Maybe use a name like "geography of the Yellowstone region"?--Marhawkman (talk) 10:32, 22 June 2008 (UTC)
 * This article is currently confused b/c the Yellowstone Caldera is merely a geographic feature created by the most recent supereruption on the plateau! Yet the article goes on as if the two previous supereruptions on the plateau were from a thing called the "Yellowstone Caldeara." True, the plateau was largely created by these three eruptions and Yellowstone Plateau needs to be expanded. But I don't think a merge is in order; a move is. This article should therefore be moved to Yellowstone Supervolcano (which is now a redirect here) or to the more academic Yellowstone volcanic field if the focus is only the last three supereruptions and minor eruptions between. Eventually, we need to create Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Hotspot to describe the creation of the Snake River Plain through the entire series of eruptions (super and not so super). Yellowstone Supervolcano will be summarized in a section in that article and expanded on here. --mav (talk) 22:01, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I was thinking about creating the hotspot article a few months ago but I don't know too much about the subject. Yellowstone hotspot appears to be the most common used term and currently redirects to Yellowstone Caldera which I find is inappropiate. The Yellowstone hotspot is also responsible for older calderas in the area. Black Tusk (talk) 04:17, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm not particularly fond of the name "Yellowstone hotspot" b/c the hotspot is not unique to the Yellowstone area. But I concede that common usage dictates otherwise and we should probably go with that - so long as - the proper geologic name of 'Snake River Plain-Yellowstone' hotspot is given in bold in the first sentence. --mav (talk) 05:22, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * It's probably better to use Yellowstone hotspot also because the other hotspot articles don't have "hotspot" capitalized. Black Tusk (talk) 15:03, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Went ahead and made a stub for the Yellowstone hotspot article and made Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Hotspot as a redirect. Black Tusk (talk) 18:56, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

Confused mess
From the article: "The caldera's apparent motion to the east-northeast forms the Snake River Plain." No, that is wrong: The caldera is a geographic feature that doesn't move any more than a mountain or a lake moves. The hotspot stays more or less in place while the continent moves above it; separate calderas are formed above the hotspot. Yellowstone caldera is merely the last caldera formed via this process from a supereruption. Younger calderas exist, but they weren't from a supereruption. Older calderas exist, but they are not older expressions of this caldera. The article also gives the impression that the Huckleberry Ridge and Island Park supereruptions and calderas were from a feature called the "Yellowstone Caldera". I'll fix the glaring errors but this article needs to be moved to a more appropriate place. --mav (talk) 22:01, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
 * This is now more-or-less fixed. But a move is still needed. I'll do this myself before too long. --mav (talk) 00:30, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree with a move, but I'm not 100% sure that Yellowstone Supervolcano is the right spot. What would a geologist call this article?  Would Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Hotspot be better, or is that a even more general article that would encompass more then just Yellowstone? - CosmicPenguin (Talk) 00:26, 29 September 2008 (UTC)
 * The hotspot article would cover all the eruptions it caused as it created much of the Snake River Plain. Much more is known and written about the last 3 overlapping supereruptions from the hotspot. Thus it makes sense to have an article just on those 3 supereruptions and other eruptions in-between. --mav (talk) 05:18, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

Near extinction of Humans?
I had seen a show on TV about the Yellowstone supervolcano. In the show, they said it was likely to have caused the near-extinction of humans. I wondered if this kind of thing could be integrated into the article. Brian Pearson (talk) 02:54, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, our species of human, sapiens, have only been around for about 200,000 years. But the last super-eruption of Yellowstone occurred several hundreds of thousands of years before that. However, there is good evidence that the supereruption of the Lake Toba supervolcano about 75,000 years ago may have caused the near-extinction of our species. See Toba catastrophe theory. --mav (talk) 03:55, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I guess the previous version of humans could've almost gotten wiped out, too, which would've put a crimp in the evolution tree leading to HSs. Lake Toba sounded pretty severe, though. These big eruptions could still occur and we could be sent back to primitive conditions, if we survived. Plants, fish, animals, and birds would all be affected. Brian Pearson (talk) 19:43, 30 November 2008 (UTC)
 * The eruption they're referring to is the Toba eruption in Sumatra, whcih occurred 75,000 years ago. There exists in our DNA a so-called "bottleneck", which indicates a point when our genetic stock became drasically reduced, some say to as few as 200 individuals worldwide. Genetic dating estimates put the bottleneck at roughly the same era as the Toba eruption, suggesting it could almost have wiped us out.  Serendi pod ous  15:34, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

The near extinction of humans has been speculated by various scientists looking at a variety of other factors (a larger set of factors than just the eruption and it's environmental and geological aftermaths). For instance, the destruction of the "Bread Basket" of the US will lead to a drop in available food in the US to levels that cannot sustain our population at even a tenth of it's current level. Similar things were taken into account worldwide.

Basically, these claims are based on the differences of such an explosion a few thousand years ago where our population's survival needs (food, water, shelter) were quite minimal compared to now when we are already having problems with resources. They also include other societal impacts such as war if memory serves. Inotherwords, if there were only a few million people on the Earth and we were still hunter/gatherers, the death rate (as a percentage) would be small. But with the billions currently alive, and with most not knowing how to fend for themselves (much less "simple" things like how long food lasts without refridgeration, how to make clothing or find/build shelter) the expected extinction level is supposedly going to be much higher in the case of a VEI8 eruption.

RobertMfromLI | RobertMfromLI 20:09, 22 December 2009 (UTC)

December 2008 Quakes
There have been three additional quakes on 31 December 2008, with the most recent one occurring at 0842 MST. I have edited that section to reflect this. I am watching activity here. University of Utah Seismograph Stations: Recent Earthquakes for Yellowstone Tr1290 (talk) 15:52, 31 December 2008 (UTC)
 * A question for you: how unusual is this seismic activity, really? I originally created the "2008 Quakes" section, and have since been reflecting on the flood of 'end-of-the-world' stories in the media in the last few days. Could this story be another one of those? Sstteevvee (talk) 16:22, 31 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Short answer - yes. Swarms happen all the time, and anybody can track these this data in near real time and over-react to it.  About once a year, on average, the press gets caught up and this is what we have.  Thats not to say that the earthquake activity isn't interesting, its just that December 2008 isn't particularly special - at least not unless something more extensive happens then an earthquake swarm.  I'm going to take a shot at turning the current section into something a little bit less sensational. CosmicPenguin (Talk) 16:39, 31 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Hey, rock on. Sstteevvee (talk) 16:45, 31 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I used to be a camp counselor in Yellowstone. Alot of times different things in Yellowstone can "turn on". The whole place comes alive. Gysers may erupt that haven't for tens or somtimes hundreds of years. It's really kind of neat to think about. I agree that people can over react and the recent swarm isn't anything special as much as it is cool. It should however be watched. --Npnunda (talk) 04:33, 3 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Seriously, are these earthquakes really that unusual? This is a geologically active area, after all, and earthquakes do often happen here, in fact earthquakes up to magnitude 6 are not unheard of. The recent quakes would barely be felt by someone standing right over the epicenter. ~ A H  1 (TCU) 17:56, 3 January 2009 (UTC)
 * No, they are not that unusual. Which is what we just said. --Npnunda (talk) 04:12, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Unsure much?
Observe

Due to the volcanic and tectonic nature of the region, the Yellowstone Caldera experiences between 1000 and 2000 measurable earthquakes a year, though most are relatively minor, measuring a magnitude of 3 or less. Occasionally, numerous earthquakes are detected over a short period of time, an event known as an earthquake swarm. In 1985, more than 3000 earthquakes were measured over several months. More than 70 smaller swarms have been detected between 1983 and 2008. It is believed that these swarms are not caused by movements of magma but of hot water and gas.[9] The most recent swarm occurred in December 2008 and continued into January 2009, with more than 500 quakes detected under the northwest end of Yellowstone Lake over a seven day span, with the largest registering a magnitude of 3.9

more than 3000 over 'several months' 'it is believed that' perhaps re-word this article to be more informative then questioning —Preceding unsigned comment added by GamesMaxter (talk • contribs) 12:57, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

A contradiction?
Second paragraph under "Volcanism" states: "At least a dozen or so of these eruptions were so massive that they are classified as supereruptions." In the next paragraph, "within the past 17 million years, 142 or more caldera-forming eruptions have occurred from the Yellowstone hotspot." Is this a difference in opinion (I know the 142 number just came out recently), or is there a distinction here between caldera-forming eruptions and supereruptions? Do the last three eruptions over the last 2.1 million years qualify as either? SkoreKeep (talk) 09:18, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

 * There are about a dozen caldera sites; see map in Bruneau-Jarbridge. 71.229.179.61 (talk) 10:03, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

Caldera-forming eruptions are just any eruption where enough magma is expelled to reduce the pressure to below that needed to support the overlying crust, resulting in a large area of crust collapsing over the depressurized area. Eruptions of magnitude 5 and higher have been known to produce calderas. Supereruptions are magnitude 8, 1000 times the size of a 5. Only a very small fraction of the world's calderas were created by eruptions of this scale. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.45.169.2 (talk) 13:36, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

Bruneau-Jarbridge
Perhaps a mention of the Bruneau-Jarbridge eruption, which caused the ashfall that killed all the fauna at Ashfall State Park in northeastern Nebraska, 1000 miles away? I essayed a mention.71.229.179.61 (talk) 10:03, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

excessive overkill leading to ambiguity
In the "Infobox Mountain", it says,

Last eruption= 70,000 years ago (magmatic) / 1350 BC ± 200 years ago (hydrothermal)

and I have no problem with the figure for "(magmatic)". (This comment is mostly about ambiguity, anyway, -- not [mainly] about whether the numbers are correct.)

However, the figure given for "(hydrothermal)" is ambiguous. It does not make sense, with the ridiculously repetitively ambiguity-prone words, "BC" and "years ago".

If it just said "1350 BC ± 200 years", (without the word "ago"), then that would make sense -- it would mean "somewhere in the range 1550 BC to 1150 BC". I don't know whether that is what was intended, but at least it would not be ambiguous. (It also would not have to be updated, from one year's "edition" of Wikipedia to the next.)

[...snip... (long comments not needed any more!) ]

I looked again at the "source" web page, http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1205-01-, -- that is, the web page that reference "[2]" (the one that says ) has a hyper-link to -- and NOW I see, where those numbers (the numbers "1350" and "200") came from! They are in the "Last Known Eruption:" field at the top of that web page.

SO... the answer is, that the word "ago" just needs to be removed. I plan to make that change.

Thanks, --Mike Schwartz (talk) 15:33, 22 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Now, if anyone is interested in the (even longer) text of this section, that was deleted because it is no longer needed, then you can refer to the non-latest version (before this one), in the "history" of this "TALK" page. :-)  ["revised":] --Mike Schwartz (talk) 16:01, 22 December 2009 (UTC)

 * PS: One of the nice things about this CHANGE [which has now been MADE], to the (Infobox of) the article, is that NOW, the "Last eruption" field, has a value that can fit on 2 lines!  (vs. 3 lines). Just FYI.  --Mike Schwartz (talk) 16:15, 22 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I pulled it before, and I won't edit war, but I would pull it again. Technically the caldera is still experiencing hydrothermal eruptions even as we speak.  It is a bit of a stretch to directly equate periodic violent hydrothermal activity with an "eruption" of the caldera; in my opinion the hydrothermal behavior at best can be categorized as side effect of the caldera. CosmicPenguin ( talk• WP:WYOHelp! ) 16:16, 22 December 2009 (UTC)
 * That is a lot of verbage to make one small change. Whoo.  After all that the text doesn't plainly mention the last event.  It was Indian Pond and I tied the text to the caption.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.85.163.245 (talk) 01:04, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

Update on last eruption: A figure stating the last eruption as 1350 BC is not correct. This implies an actual volcanic eruption involving stuff like magma and ash being released. The activity in the 1350 BC timeframe was nothing more than a particularly nasty steam explosion. We don't update our 'Days Since Last Eruption' signs every time a geyser blows its top. Even steam explosions that leave mile wide craters (which have occured in Yellowstone's past) do not count as eruptions. '70,000 years ago' is the most scientifically correct, unambiguous statement you can make regarding the last true eruption. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:7:6002:418B:941D:6754:C42F:5A1B (talk) 05:45, 24 April 2015 (UTC)

Edit Warring, Ambiguity, and Misinformation...
Regarding the edit warring, ambiguity and misinformation:

Here's what I would like to say. Those updating this article may wish to solely base their edits and conclusions on the scientific data and actual reports released than on the various other speculative, misinformative and/or downright incorrect sources - including the USGS's very own little video segments on this issue (look at their reports - not their "for public consumption" material).

As a for instance, the US government, on the NON USGS site, has a page about Yellowstone that downplays the possibility of an eruption as nigh impossible due to the "mountain" it sits under (I'll provide the link if I can dig it out of my bookmarks). This is totally erroneous and based on absolutely no scientific data whatsoever - moreso, the scientific data and history prove otherwise.

For instance, we already know that the Snake River Plain was created by the vulcanism of this hotspot... this hotspot has already ripped a chunk out of the Rocky Mountains big enough to fit the majority of the Appalachian Mountain Range in. (See: http://www.robertmauro.com/Images/Yellowstone/Yellowstone_and_Elevations.jpg) - this has already been outlined in various USGS reports, yet a non USGS government site contains such a nonsense claim.

The above map is the LongValley Caldera Digital Elevation Data (DEM) by the USGS with a box overlaid showing the hotspot's "travel"/eruption path (Yellowstone-Newberry hotspot map) - and yes, I know it's not the hotspot that's travelling - it's the tectonic plate. So, we know this hotspot has already levelled a lot of mountain, and we also know it really isn't sitting under one right now - it's sitting under a valley and plateau it created.

That is just one example. Another interesting thing I found was this... if one reads Bob Christiansen's report (the 90+ page 2005 one I believe), he notes on the first page that a large super-eruption is unlikely because certain other criteria need to be met. Yet, about 2/3rd of the way through the report, he notes that most of the precursors are already occurring. The rest (larger hotspot than we previously believed containing molten rock, increased ground swelling, etc) we have come to understand (since the report) are also occurring.

So, my point is this... I suspect all this edit warring and misinformation is being caused because a lot of people are simply reading the misinformation out there on this topic.

I'm not sure why various other sites (especially other governmental sites) are spreading such misinformation - nor why the USGS themselves (in possibly their attempt to "dumb down" the content to understandable levels for the general public) are stating things that are either somewhat or entirely different than their own scientific conclusions... but fact of the matter, that seems to be the case. Maybe it's to prevent mass hysteria or a public scare?

Regardless, it will be the cause of a lot of conflicting information on this topic (and thus probably more edit warring). Perhaps properly and/or thoroughly citing each conflicting claim or piece of information will retain the article's accuracy and minimize edit warring. I haven't added anything to the Yellowstone page simply because I've got over 100 links, articles and reports I'd have to wade through to properly cite any claim I post (and dont have the time to do that) - and thus wish to avoid becoming embroiled in an edit war or create additions to the article that are not properly cited.

Related (or unrelated?) note: I've been studying this issue (as in researching the existing reports, claims and data - not as in going to Yellowstone as part of the survey team) for one of the jobs I am working on. So, it's more than just a passing interest to me.

RobertMfromLI | RobertMfromLI 20:09, 22 December 2009 (UTC)

In my opinion the supervolcano term is not supposed to be use, instead only super eruptions (VEI 8) are produced by a extreme tapping of the system of magma chambers. In caldera setting the majority of the eruptions are relatively small, usually less than 1-2 km3. The 95> % of the eruptions are VEI 0-4. Caldera volcanoes naming as a supervolcano might distract the people mind from the more relaistic and frequent event and the resulting hazards, such as hydrotermal explosions and lower VEI eruptions. Cheers, Szabolcs Kosik — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.123.103.11 (talk) 03:50, 10 June 2016 (UTC)

Oldest caldera remnant
The article currently states that the oldest identified caldera remnant of the Yellowstone hotspot straddles the border near McDermitt, Nevada-Oregon. However there may be a dispute with this claim. Volcanics of the Carmacks Group in southwest-central Yukon were previously thought to be products of volcanic arc of back-arc basin volcanism due to the potassic character of them, but more recent studies have shown that the Carmacks Group was erupted during a magmatic lull and they lack coeval calc-alkalic batholiths such as are commonly associated with continental volcanic arcs. Volcanics of the Carmacks Group are petrologically similar to plume-related Eocene to Pliocene age potassic lavas of western United States and hotspots with lifespans of around or greater than 100 million years are common. The Yukon-Tanana Terrane and Intermontane Belt appear to have experienced less than 1000 km northward translation with respect to North America since 70 million years ago, consistent with geological estimates of motion along plausible accommodiating faults. In addition, past mobility of the Hawaii hotspot implies that hotspots in the Pacific Ocean may have experienced 1200 km of southward motion from 81 to 47 million years ago. If this analysis is correct, the Late Cretaceous location of the Yellowstone hotspot if it existed 70 million years ago would likely have created the Carmacks Group, which currently lies more than 1000 km north of the plume. Volcaniclastic piles and arcuate faults in the group are understood to define caldera complexes with diameters of more than 60 km. So the claim The oldest identified caldera remnant straddles the border near McDermitt, Nevada-Oregon is likely to be doubtful. BT (talk) 13:41, 9 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The Northwest Nevada volcanic field and the McDermitt volcanic field activity was at the time of the Columbia Basalt Group activity, i.e. 17 Ma. As stated on the Yellowstone hotspot article. Anything that happened 81 to 47 Ma does not modifiy this. The claim can be modified if the reference is good enough. We need an animation of the Pacific sea floor plate during the last 100 Ma. --Chris.urs-o (talk) 17:21, 9 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Have a look here and here. They are reliable sources. BT (talk) 00:46, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

Could we not leave the sentences so, and add a note about the Carmacks Group? 17 Ma is "quite recent", the Hawaii-Emperor Bend, 81 to 47 Ma, and the Pacific Plate rotation at 110 to 100 Ma, are "quite far away", another "epoch/ cycle". --Chris.urs-o (talk) 05:11, 10 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, that is what I am suggesting. It would be better off doing that because it would make this article go way off topic. More information about the Carmacks Group would be better on the Yellowstone hotspot article. BT (talk) 12:31, 10 June 2010 (UTC)
 * There is a 60–50 million year old volcanic feature called the Crescent Terrane that was likely formed by the Yellowstone hotspot as well. BT (talk) 16:03, 10 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Location and reference available? :P --Chris.urs-o (talk) 06:38, 12 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Sure. It states here that both the Carmacks volcanics as well as the Crescent Terrane volcanics have been interpreted as originating from earlier stages of the Yellowstone plume, prior to its main expression as the Columbia River LIP at 0.017 Ga. A map of the terrane can be found here. BT (talk) 14:42, 12 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The animated graphik shows a island arc being accreationed to Washington (U.S. state), . So, or is the Crescent Terrane part of the Yellowstone hotspot trail or the Carmacks volcanics, not both. If I see it right. --Chris.urs-o (talk) 06:44, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Left is not Right
This article states that " Although the hotspot's apparent motion is to the east-northeast, the North American Plate is really moving west-southwest ". The last time I checked, Wyoming was to the west of Nebraska, not east. North and south are correct, though. I just changed it, so it should be right, but I make mistakes too. Just thought it should be known. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thetrellan (talk • contribs) 21:09, 28 July 2010 (UTC)
 * It was right. The North American craton is moving to the Pacific Ocean, resulting in an apparent motion of the Yellowstone hotspot from NW Nevada to Wyoming. --Chris.urs-o (talk) 00:20, 29 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Thankfully, in another 30 million years or so, it will be Canada's problem, not ours. SkoreKeep (talk) 17:09, 12 January 2014 (UTC)

New Information about Frequency of Eruption
This article may need to be updated to include the lastest info on frequency of eruption. I am not qualified to do so. However, here is where I saw the new info: Closer Than You Think — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.19.148.242 (talk) 21:06, 1 May 2012 (UTC)

Obsessively Cataloging Earthquakes
There's no reason we should include running tables with every earthquake since 2000 down to magnitude 1, is there? Geogene (talk) 18:48, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
 * I'd say no...anything under 3 is probably unnecessary.--MONGO 19:20, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Excellent. I think that reads better now and File:Yellowstone earthquakes.JPEG has it covered in a neat, concise manner. I didn't even notice that figure before. Geogene (talk) 20:05, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
 * It would be a lot easier to just have it in text a a brief mention of anything over 3-4 or if there have been earthquake swarms.--MONGO 20:18, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

Unauthoritative Reference
I'd like to call attention to reference #37, "Yellowstone is being monitored!". This is someone's private blog, not an authoritative source. Belnova (talk) 08:12, 22 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Good catch. Blogs by non-experts aren't a reliable source, even when they're summarizing a news article. Given that that statement is forward looking ("experts have proposed") and is referring to a paper from 2005, I'm going to strike that sentence and its reference from the article. If there are objections, feel free to revert. Geogene (talk) 21:23, 27 December 2013 (UTC)

Something Does Not Belong....
I'm so sorry, I was reading this article, and saw some weirdness at the end of the "Earthquakes" paragraph. It reads as follows: "This swarm reached the background levels by 21 February. i was pua stoned and it went fucking kaboom martin shit himsel"  I seriously don't think this belongs. Just figured I would bring it to y'alls attention, so you could get it fixed. Thank you! :) 24.249.236.5 (talk) 21:00, 9 January 2014 (UTC) Phoenix L.

 * It was, within a minute of it being placed (according to the edit history, both the edit and the reversion of it are registered at 13:48, 9 January 2014. Ignorant screwballs are forever, apparently. Thanks for your caring.  SkoreKeep (talk) 21:10, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

Reality following art?

 * The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory issued a statement on its website stating,

 * "Although fascinating, the new findings do not imply increased geologic hazards at Yellowstone, and certainly do not increase the chances of a 'supereruption' in the near future. Contrary to some media reports, Yellowstone is not 'overdue' for a supereruption.[31]

I was tempted to add to that:

 * Also, from Rick Liebermann* of the Yellowstone Observatory,
 * "The chances of a so-called super-eruption are on the order of 1 out of 600,000."
 * (*) BBC, "Supervolcano".

Not that I do totally agree with the real quote, but unfortunately the ground has already been plowed with salt and the well truly poisoned. One has to fight the good fight, nonetheless. SkoreKeep (talk) 17:26, 14 February 2014 (UTC)

Present-day caldera size and eruption history
A the segment that is both italicized and bolded was recently added to the article: ''This is about 2.5 times bigger than scientists had previously imagined it to be, approximately the same size that Yellowstone's magma chamber was during its last major eruption. However, some scientists believe that the proportion of melt is much too low to allow another supereruption.[15][16] I can't find the bolded text explicitly in the sources given, but I do have something similar in one : The larger imaged size of the magma reservoir better matches the geologic record of Late Quaternary volcanic eruptions and lava flows but, importantly, does not increase the volcanic hazard in the Yellowstone region.'' I find these two statements are not equivalent in meaning and am inclined to strike the bolded part from the article as well as the qualifier "some" which implies this is a minority view among scientists. A lot of readers are probably interested in the possibility of a "supereruption" at Yellowstone, I think it's a good idea not to put things in that article that are likely to be taken out of context or reinforce fears. The most important thing in the source is the explicit statement that the risk is not increased by the findings. Geogene (talk) 19:55, 10 October 2014 (UTC)

Picture of the US at 3.5 km depth
Could this be an interesting picture to add? http://www.smu.edu/~/media/Site/Dedman/Academics/Programs/Geothermal%20Lab/Graphics/TemperatureMaps/SMU_2011_35kmTemperature.ashx?la=en (yeah, the red dot is Yellowstone) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.113.87.62 (talk) 07:55, 7 April 2015 (UTC)

Last eruption was 70,000 years ago, not 1350 B.C.
Firstly, no need to create public panic about a volcano that isn't likely to erupt soon. Showing the last eruption as 1350 B.C. gives the impression it erupts more commonly than it does.

Secondly, a volcanic eruption, by common definition, requires the release of lava or volcanic ash. Neither of these has happened in at least 70,000 years.

The 1350 B.C. time frame refers to a single, or possibly a series of steam explosions. Steam explosions are a by-product of volcanic activity in the same way that earthquakes are. Even if the steam explosions produce mile-wide craters (which Yellowstone has produced in the past), these are not volcanic eruptions.

If steam explosions were classified as eruptions, you'd have to pick a line where a steam explosion is big enough to be an eruption, or just a geyser exploding. We can't reset our 'Days since last eruption' signs every time a geyser blows its top off.

The most scientifically correct statement to make regarding the last eruption of the Yellowstone Caldera is that the last eruption was a lava flow at least 70,000 years ago. This is the correct figure for anyone searching for this information to find. If they want to look deeper into it, then they can find information regarding massive steam explosions in the Yellowstone Caldera in the references and know that these are not technically eruptions. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:7:6002:418B:941D:6754:C42F:5A1B (talk) 07:10, 24 April 2015 (UTC)

 * I'd agree with that. Please, be our guest and do a rewrite. SkoreKeep (talk) 20:29, 26 April 2015 (UTC)

New lower crust chamber
I removed a block of text that had been recently added on the University of Utah study. Firstly, it's not exactly correct that the size of the reservoir is larger than was thought. Rather, it's that a connection between the shallow chamber and the plume that had been predicted by theory was located. As the source says, the actual volcanic hazard is concerned with the shallow chamber. The quote was also unnecessary (don't quote in an article unless the person quoted is saying something potentially ambiguous) and there was a copyright issue with the text, which was much too close to that of the source. And finally, I'm not sure this was weighted appropriately. It's a recent finding, by one research team, that seems to fit with the existing theory. It could be left out completely, or better yet, worked into the text in a less conspicuous place. Geogene (talk) 18:14, 5 May 2015 (UTC)

 * I'm honestly surprised copyright would be a concern. Nevertheless, it feels unfortunate that the verification of the aforementioned theory should be left out - if not you then could someone do a rewrite that would be more fitting?  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.128.250.165 (talk) 01:39, 9 May 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 19 September 2017
The current earthquake swarm is missing from this article. 108.171.131.168 (talk) 19:49, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I honestly had no idea any of this was going on until you mentioned it just now. Definitely seems like it's worth mentioning, but I'm no expert. Anyone else? Pure RED  |  talk to me   | 19:57, 19 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. Rivertorch   FIRE WATER   03:31, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * @PureRED: The article you linked quotes a researcher who says it's "nothing out of the ordinary", so at least there's no urgency in adding it. Rivertorch   FIRE WATER   03:31, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Ah, yeah the headline got me. Good catch. Pure RED  |  talk to me   | 16:59, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

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Resequenced text
The section "Yellowstone hotspot origin" relies in its vocabulary on a term defined elsewhere in the article. I therefore thought it advisable to make "Volcanism" the first section, clarifying its title in the process, and to relegate the "origin" section to appearing second. Harfarhs (talk) 18:17, 17 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Looks reasonable to me. Rivertorch FIREWATER  19:14, 17 February 2018 (UTC)

West Thumb Bay/Lake
At Talk:Main Page, User:Jesseleeo has pointed out that two different names and dates are given for the eruption that created Big Thumb Bay/Lake:
 * "...West Thumb Lake which is said to have been created 174,000 years ago. Later on in page West Thumb Bay of Yellowstone Lake is correctly named but with date of 150,000 YA. They are the same geologic feature. The correct date is 174,000 YA."

And presumably the correct name is "West Thumb Bay' not "West Thumb Lake".

Is that correct? And if so, can someone correct it in the article, please? 213.205.251.81 (talk) 07:53, 28 July 2018 (UTC)

 * The source cited in citation 10, which is reliable, calls it "the West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake". This appears to be consistent with the official NPS map, and I have changed the wording accordingly. The 150,000-year wording does say "around"; we obviously don't know the exact date. Rivertorch FIREWATER  23:34, 2 August 2018 (UTC)

Useful information or just a reiteration?
This showed up in print today. Mapsax (talk) 15:23, 7 September 2018 (UTC)

Malachite Man, Sandstone Layers and Azurite Mines
Malachite Man paleo.cc/paluxy/moab-man.htm ...was discovered in the 1970s, and has been revisited yearly by professionals from all over the U.S. It would seem quite possible, that the layers under which the skeletons were recovered, were deposited by eruptions of Yellowstone. The age of the layer under which the skeletons were recovered should reflect the eruption on a timeline that will coincide. This will offer some kind of relative dating for the nativity theorys present at #42LE561 The Lacamas Morass in SW Washington State. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Muleywagon (talk • contribs) 22:49, 12 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Per the linked source, the bones appear to be Native American bones buried in excavations in the Dakota Formation, and likely no more than a few centuries old. They're not relevant to the Yellowstone caldera. --Kent G. Budge (talk) 00:14, 10 March 2021 (UTC)

Would a name change be viable?
I think we should change the name of the article to 'Yellowstone Supervolcano' or 'Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field' and remove the other page called that. USGS refers to the volcano as the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field on their website and the Yellowstone Caldera only refers to the caldera formed by the latest eruption. Faren29 (talk) 18:14, 22 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Or we can migrate stuff on this page that is not specific the caldera to Yellowstone Supervolcano, renaming the latter to Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field if that seems appropriate, and focus this article on the actual Yellowstone caldera. I think a hatnote "Not to be confused with Yellowstone Supervolcano" might be in order. --Kent G. Budge (talk) 18:28, 22 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yellowstone Caldera


text:
Talk:Goosebumps (television series)

In the Goosebumps books thar are "Monster Blood", "Monster Blood II", "Monster Blood III" and "Monster Blood IV". In the TV series there are, according to the list, only one named "Monster Blood" and one named "More Monster Blood". Can anyone explain which movies is made from which books?

 * I guess this reply is kind of late, but to clear up your question, "More Monster Blood" was aired right after "Monster Blood." It was a story that was never featured in the books, if I'm correct (although I never read "Monster Blood IV", but that book came at least a couple of years after "More Monster Blood", and the cover art looks unrelated anyway). The story of "More Monster Blood" featured the main protagonist from the "Monster Blood" series, Evan, and a couple of other kids trapped in an airplane with Monster Blood released (his female friend, Andy or whatever, was not in this episode though). They have to save the plane and its crew, basically. Shadowolf 03:09, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

David Niven
The credits of one of the shows -- I believe it was Be Careful what you Wish for -- has David Niven listed, and he apparently did some camera work. Could this be the same David Niven?

--GatesPlusPlus 13:43, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Probably not. Not to sound rude, but the main reason is because (according to David Nivens Wikipedia page) he has been dead since 1983, and the Goosebumps series aired in the late 90's.

What?
What's the name of the episode where the girl gets the little town and she gets trapped in it because the man in the trenchcoat?

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Goosebumps (television series)


text:
Template talk:GBvoss

 * TEMPLATE NOW REDIRECTED TO DUE TO CHANGES IN OLD-MAPS.CO.UK SITE BREAKING LINKS
 * Note. This template is obsolescent. creates much better links to the same site. GBvosi generally does not require County codes but if they are needed, they are different from those used by this template.

Creates a link to the excellent maps at old-maps.co.uk.

The template name means:
 * GB:Great Britain - not UK - there is a separate OS for Northern Ireland
 * v:Victorian
 * os:Ordnance Survey
 * s:simple - bare-bones link - this template could be nested within others

Parameters

 * e, n - Eastings and Northings for the centre of the map - in metres. Leading zeroes optional. All digits are significant - a one metre change generates a different map.
 * cty - County Number from list below
 * txt - link text - may be left null or blank

The generated maps are large, with a seemingly arbitrary size of 2666 x 1786 pixels. (I have not found out yet how to generate maps that are smaller or on a smaller scale.)
 * This link www.old-maps.co.uk does what you need. See Template:Infobox England place and it's talk page  for a way of using it in a template. 80N 23:09, Apr 16, 2005 (UTC)

To save the user having to scroll the map, you may care to offset the centre so that the point of interest is nearer the top left of the map - try e+750,n-450.

How to create
If your browser's status line is on, it will also show the co-ordinates as you move the mouse over the map.
 * Cruise round old-maps.co.uk to find the map you want. Some places are listed under more than one county - with different maps
 * When you have found the map you want, the main page map (not the enlarged view) shows the required parameters above the map.

The date can be included in the link or article text - but see note below regarding the reliability of the dates.

County Numbers
1 BEDFORDSHIRE                             54 ABERDEENSHIRE 2 BERKSHIRE                                55 ARGYLLSHIRE AND BUTE 3 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE                          56 AYRSHIRE 4 CAMBRIDGESHIRE & ISLE OF ELY             57 BANFFSHIRE 5 CHESHIRE                                 58 BERWICKSHIRE 6 CORNWALL & ISLES OF SCILLY               59  not used 7 CUMBERLAND                               60 CAITHNESS-SHIRE 8 DERBYSHIRE                               61  not used 9 DEVON                                    62 DUMBARTONSHIRE 10 DORSET                                   63 DUMFRIESSHIRE 11 DURHAM                                   64 EDINBURGHSHIRE 12 ESSEX                                    65 ELGINSHIRE 13 GLOUCESTERSHIRE                          66 FIFESHIRE 14 HAMPSHIRE & ISLE OF WIGHT                67 FORFARSHIRE 15 HEREFORDSHIRE                            68 HADDINGTONSHIRE 16 HERTFORDSHIRE                            69 INVERNESSSHIRE & SKYE 17 HUNTINGDONSHIRE                          70 KINCARDINESHIRE 18 KENT                                     71  not used 19 LANCASHIRE AND FURNESS                   72 KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE 20 LEICESTERSHIRE                           73 LANARKSHIRE 21 LINCOLNSHIRE                             74 LINLITHGOWSHIRE 22 not used                                 75 NAIRNSHIRE 23 MIDDLESEX                                76 ORKNEY 24 NORFOLK                                  77 PEEBLESHIRE 25 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE                         78 PERTHSHIRE & KINROSS 26 NORTHUMBERLAND                           79 RENFREWSHIRE 27 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE                          80 ROSS & CROMARTY 28 OXFORDSHIRE                              81 ROXBURGHSHIRE 29 RUTLAND                                  82 SELKIRKSHIRE 30 SHROPSHIRE                               83 STIRLINGSHIRE 31 SOMERSET                                 84 SUTHERLAND 32 STAFFORDSHIRE                            85 WIGTOWNSHIRE 33 SUFFOLK                                  86 ZETLAND (SHETLAND) 34 SURREY                                   87 OUTER HEBRIDES 35 SUSSEX                                   88 ISLE OF LEWIS 36 WARWICKSHIRE 37 WESTMORLAND 38 WILTSHIRE 39 WORCESTERSHIRE 40 YORKSHIRE 41 ANGLESEY 42 BRECKNOCKSHIRE 43 CAERNARVONSHIRE 44 CARDIGANSHIRE 45 CARMARTHENSHIRE 46 DENBIGHSHIRE 47 FLINTSHIRE 48 GLAMORGANSHIRE 49 MERIONETHSHIRE 50 MONMOUTHSHIRE 51 MONTGOMERYSHIRE 52 PEMBROKESHIRE 53 RADNORSHIRE

Dates
It looks, and is, more professional to quote a date rather than saying something like this Victorian OS map. However dates should be marked as only approximate for several reasons:

On the website, old-maps have created an audit trail back to the dates of the individual paper sheets they have used (each county needed a few dozen sheets). As you pan across the map display, you may see the date change, usually from one year to a range then back to one year. Where a range is shown, this means that the map on display is derived from two or more of the underlying sheets - the "stitch lines" between them are usually obvious at the largest scale. By judicious panning, keeping the point of interest in view, it is possible to get a single date shown which is the one to quote.

Even then the date is only the publication date as printed on the map, not the date of the survey. Before 1866, railways were sometimes added without changing the publication date. Conversely, the map may have been updated with important changes, such as railways, but other new developments are not shown.

See the old-maps help page for more details.

title: Template talk:GBvoss


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Carl Michael von Hausswolff

Carl Michael von Hausswolff (born 1956) is a composer, visual artist, and curator based in Stockholm, Sweden. His main tools are recording devices (camera, tape deck, radar, sonar) used in an ongoing investigation of electricity, frequency, architectural space, and paranormal electronic interference. Major exhibitions include Manifesta (1996), documenta X (1997), the Johannesburg Biennial (1997), Sound Art - Sound as Media at ICC in Tokyo (2000), the Venice Biennale (2001, 2003, and 2005), and Portikus, Frankfurt (2004). Von Hausswolff received a Prix Ars Electronica award for Digital Music in 2002.

Von Hausswolff was born in Linköping. He is an expert in the work of Friedrich Jürgenson, an electronic voice phenomenon (EVP) researcher who claimed to have detected voices of the dead hidden in radio static. Von Hausswolff's own sound works are pure, intuitive studies of electricity, frequency, and tone. Collaborators include Erik Pauser, with whom he worked as Phauss (1981-1993), Leif Elggren, and John Duncan (artist). He also collaborates with EVP researcher Michael Esposito, filmmaker Thomas Nordanstad, and with Graham Lewis (Wire) and Jean-Louis Huhta in the band OSCID. Von Hausswolff is noted for creating sound works that "charge the air with subliminal force" using "drones, radio signals, and sonic frequencies".

Von Hausswolff is co-monarch (with Elggren) of the conceptual art project The Kingdoms of Elgaland-Vargaland (KREV): all areas of no-man's land, territories between national boundaries on both land and sea, and digital and mental spaces. This nation has its own national anthem, flag, coat of arms, currency, citizens, and ministers.

Recent audio works include "800 000 Seconds in Harar" (Touch), "Matter Transfer" (iDeal), "The Wonderful World of Male Intuition" (Oral), "There Are No Crows Flying Around the Hancock Building" (Lampo), "Rats", "Maggots", and "Bugs" (all three on Laton), "Three Overpopulated Cities ..." (Sub Rosa), "A Lecture on Disturbances in Architecture" (Firework Editions), and "Ström" and "Leech" (both on Raster-Noton).

Other visual works include "Red Pool" (Cities on the Move, Bangkok, 1999), "Red Night" (SITE Santa Fe, 1999), "Red Code" (CCA Kitakyushu, 2001), "Red Empty" (Lampo/WhiteWalls, Chicago, 2003), and "Red Mersey" (Liverpool Biennial, 2004).

He is also the curator and producer of the sound-installation "freq out", shown at Moderna Museet (Stockholm), Henie-Onstad Center (Oslo), Sonambiente (Berlin), and other places.

Around the year 1986, he formed the Swedish independent label Radium 226.05 and in 1990 he formed the label Anckarström.

In 2012, Von Hausswolff was heavily criticized for allegedly using ashes of Holocaust victims from the Majdanek concentration camp in a painting. , the Martin Bryder Gallery in Lund had pulled the painting from exhibition.

In 2019, von Hausswolff formed a new musical collaboration with the Icelandic musician Jónsi (Sigur Rós), which they named Dark Morph. On 10 May 2019, they released their first album, also titled Dark Morph. The project "promises to explore the ramifications of ongoing environmental collapse to the oceans and its inhabitants." The album consists mainly of ambient sounds, often simulating the sounds of animals and nature, and contains very few actual melodies.

Carl Michael is the father of musician/composer Anna von Hausswolff.

title: Carl Michael von Hausswolff


text: File:Millencolin - The Melancholy Collection cover.jpg


text:
Talk:Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport

Misc
Discussion about the title of this article and its recent change can be found at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (acronyms). Feel free to contribute. -- hike395 16:43, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Why was this page renamed? I think that Birmingham International Airport (US) would be more appropriate than Birmingham International Airport (Alabama). It's not like there is more than one Birmingham International Airport in the United States. ClarkBHM 22:57, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Renaming from Birmingham Municipal
Can anyone provide the details on the renaming of the airport from the Birmingham Municipal Airport to the Birmingham International Airport? I vaguely remember that they were planning on building a new airport, but when the proposed site was revealed to be in Gadsden, the city and state dropped the idea and simply renamed the existing airport. Clarkbhm 05:54, 20 February 2006 (UTC)\
 * From the BHM official webpage at http://www.bhamintlairport.com/aboutbhm-history.html: "Direct service was added to destinations in Mexico and Canada and on October 20, 1993 the name was officially changed to Birmingham International Airport." Hope this answers your question about the name change. Sorry, I don't know anything about the proposed new airport idea. I had heard similar ideas long ago for a new airport between BHM and ATL or BHM and MGM as a reliever airport for ATL. Civilengtiger (talk) 13:39, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

 * This is an international airport? I'm confused. Why doesn't Alabama have any significant airports?  For a state with 4 million people, it seems to be a victim of its neighbors like Atlanta (ATL). Ricardo630 (talk) 06:31, 3 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Because the airport had direct service to Canada and Mexico in the 1990s and that is why it is an international airport. The airport was renamed a year ago to Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport after civil rights activist Fred Shuttlesworth who mad a great impact on B'ham. After the airport was renamed, Mayor Langford wanted to make this airport a true "international" airport with flights to other countries. It is also Alabama's largest and busiest airport. Cashier freak (talk) 06:18, 30 January 2009 (UTC)

Rumway 6/24 Expansion
Does anyone know if runway 6/24 has been expanded to 12,000 feet? Bucs2004 22:13, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * To my knowledge, nothing has been done beyond clearing the land. The most recent approach plate for the airport still lists the runway as 10,000.  The same is true for the most up-to-date entry in the Airport/Facility Directory . -  auburn pilot   talk  22:21, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Granted I haven't landed at BHM in two months, but I've been told construction is actually occurring on the taxiways for the runway extension and that the runways are also in mid construction. Can't find any links to support it though. BHM released a construction notice which provides a color-coded map on page two. -  auburn pilot   talk  22:29, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

I have checked FAA information, and it marks the length of runway 6/24 as 12002 feet. Hope this helps.--Press208 (talk) 23:14, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

Contested move request
''The following request to move a page has been added to Requested moves as an uncontroversial move, but this has been contested by one or more people. Any discussion on the issue should continue here. If a full request is not lodged within five days of this request being contested, the request will be removed from WP:RM.'' —Stemonitis 13:49, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Birmingham International Airport (US) → Birmingham International Airport (United States) — Main article is at "United States" not "US." —-Justin (koavf)·T·C·M 22:21, 5 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Isn't the article at Birmingham International Airport (US) with a redirect from Birmingham International Airport (United States)? There is only one article. Are you asking to expand the abbreviation of the country nameVegaswikian 08:34, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Elsewhere, "(U.S.)" is used as a disambiguating suffix. I would like to see a wider consensus (full WP:RM) before making the move. --Stemonitis 13:49, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Inconsistency You're right about the inconsistency: X (U.S. band), for instance. I contend that all {US) and (U.S.) and (USA), etc. disambiguations should be changed to {United States) disambiguations per the name of the main article - it is located at United States, rather than U.S., USA, etc. -Justin (koavf)·T·C·M 23:54, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Should the same be done for all the (UK) disambiguations? Sounds like a major style guideline discussion, not just a requested move. --Dystopos 00:02, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with Dystopos that this should be more of a manual of style discussion than one limited to this article. As it is, the standard practice appears to be using "US" rather than "United States". So long as that's the case, I'd be opposed to moving this article to a title that goes against that format. - auburn pilot   talk  00:36, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

History section copyvio
Due to the distinctly un-wikipedia style prose in the history section, I checked around for copyvios, specifically at the BHM website and found the history section was started as a copy/paste from the BHM history page added in this edit by User:Leonard23 (now apparently inactive). I am removing the remaining copyvio text and hope some wikipedian(s) can do the research to source and write a good history. Regards, AU Tiger » talk 03:08, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

Delta Air Lines Boeing 757 Service
User 75.143.110.44 added a note on 04:09, 11 February 2008 that Delta Air Lines uses Boeing 757 aircraft during the busier Spring and Summer travel periods. I agree that at a minimum in Summer 2007 that was true as I remember seeing this aircraft with a mid-day departure, however I wondered if that upgauging is expected on an ongoing basis. A check of Delta's schedule for 6 weekdays in June, July, August 2008 found only MD88, CRJ700, and CRJ900 scheduled service between BHM and ATL. Unless someone has a reliable source for ongoing 757 service, I propose (gently) reverting this change. Thoughts? Civilengtiger (talk) 20:23, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and undid the reference to Delta use of Boeing 757 aircraft at BHM. The basis is a review of the Delta Air Lines timetable effective February 1, 2008 and use of the tools on http://www.delta.com/schedules/travel/reservations/flight_sched/ which allow viewing of flight schedules through the summer months. I did not find any indication of a return of the 757 to BHM and given Delta's decision to use the 757 primarily on international routes, do not see the 757 returning soon. While Delta used the 757 at BHM in the past, I can't find support for a forward looking statement regarding Delta 757s at BHM. I do encourage user 75.143.110.44 to keep contributing to the BHM page and sign up for an account, we always need more knowledgable editors. Civilengtiger (talk) 17:31, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Airport Rename
I was wondering if the airport officially changed names? The airport's official website shows the name Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport but signage to the airport on B'ham interstates still show the airport as Birmingham International Airport. I was wondering if the name change was official cuase I renamed the article to the new name per their official website. Cashier freak (talk) 02:04, 12 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, the new name is official. The signs will be replaced sooner or later. --Dystopos (talk) 05:08, 12 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for clearing it up! Road signs and the sign on the terminal building still says Birmingham International Airport but their website shows the new name. I live in B'ham so I know. Cashier freak (talk) 05:45, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

Delta and Southwest flights LAX
Delta and Southwest added flights from BHM to LAX in order to accomodate Bama football fans to the Rose Bowl game. These flights will only operate for 1 day only (January 7). Please do not add them as regularly scheduled destinations as these are charter flights. Thanks! Snoozlepet (talk) 21:39, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Airlines and Destinations
There are a couple of oddities here that don't appear in any other Wiki article on an airport's airlines and destinations that I've seen. First, the statement: is an odd way of saying that Southwest operates 14 flights daily at BHM. The statement about 180 flight pairs is inaccurate in that (a) the Southwest timetable cited does not state that BHM is a connecting point for over 180 flight pairs; and (b) all of those 180-flight-pair connections are not offered for travel or purchase by Southwest. Those 180 flight pairs span the entire day, and Southwest does not offer connections with excessively long layover times. Removed for improved accuracy.
 * "Additionally, Southwest Airlines operates BHM as a connecting airport for over 180 different flight pairs."

Also, the statement that: is a bit more encyclopedic about Southwest Airlines, not about BHM, and thus it adds nothing to the article. This statement, like the first one, was made based on one Southwest Airlines timetable, and, as such, this information could change from one schedule release to the next. Best to leave it out altogether for improved readability. abl (talk) 00:10, 15 August 2013 (UTC)
 * "Southwest uses Las Vegas and Phoenix to connect passengers to the west coast."

New Terminal pics
If anyone gets a chance, we need a couple of pictures of the new terminal that opened on March 13, 2013 including the baggage claim area, departures (exterior, interior, ticketing, security checkpoint), post-security (restaurants, shops), Concourses A and B gate area (Delta, Southwest, United, American, and US Airways). Thanks! 68.119.73.36 (talk) 06:44, 16 August 2013 (UTC)

Flags at half-mast?
The flags in the picture in the Images section seem to be at half-mast. Is this just an optical illusion, or was there some special occasion for that? --Tim Landscheidt (talk) 14:37, 17 February 2014 (UTC)

 * The only thing that comes to mind around that time was the death of former US President Gerald Ford. Flags are flown at half-staff for 30 days following the death of a current or former president. The photo's metadata says it was taken 14:07, 26 January 2007, which would have been the 30th day following Ford's death. -- auburn pilot  talk  03:43, 19 February 2014 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on the Main Page
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Out-Dated Images
Should images of the airport prior to its "reconstruction" still appear in this article? I think it is reasonable for maybe one, or two, photos of the old terminals/concourses to remain, but there is little to show for the reconstruction of the airports commercial passenger facility.Sedriskell (talk) 21:49, 28 April 2019 (UTC)

Art at shuttlesworth airport
why not photograph and link artists featured at the airport, especially Charley Lucas! 2604:CA00:10C:166E:0:0:460:B819 (talk) 20:45, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

Accidents at KBHM
AL Air National Guard RF-4C crashed onto a commercial Beech 18 (N19T) while trying to land at Birmingham AP (1995) 75.57.23.134 (talk) 10:45, 7 August 2023 (UTC)


text:
List of Major League Baseball players from Australia

The first recorded baseball event in Australia took place in Melbourne, Victoria in 1857, between teams from Collingwood and Richmond. Accounts vary as to the details, including whether it was a single game or a series of three games, though details in common include a score of 350–230 in favour of Collingwood, and that the rules used were some form of hybrid between cricket and baseball, with teams batting until all players were out, and runs being scored for every base crossed, rather than just for reaching home plate. Though there are no records to confirm it, the commonly held belief is that baseball in Australia originated on the Ballarat gold-fields among American miners. The Claxton Shield, the first annually recurring national tournament, commenced in 1934. Though the tournament itself has been supplanted at various points in its history, the physical Shield is still awarded to the national champions in the Australian Baseball League.

, 36 Australians have played in at least one MLB game. Of those players, 33 were born in Australia, the remainder having been born elsewhere but raised in Australia and have played for the Australia national baseball team at International Baseball Federation or sanctioned tournaments such as the Olympic Games and World Baseball Classic. 24 of the players have been pitchers and the other 12 have been position players.

Australia became the sixth country (not counting the United States) to have a player represented in the major leagues, when Joe Quinn made his debut on 26 April 1884 for the St. Louis Maroons. Quinn also became the first Australian-born manager, as a player-manager for the St. Louis Browns in 1895. After Quinn played his last MLB game, it was almost 85 years before another Australian would appear in an MLB game: Craig Shipley on 22 June 1986 for the Los Angeles Dodgers. The most recent Australian-born player to make his debut in the major leagues is Jack O'Loughlin, who played for the Oakland Athletics on 27 May 2024.

, Grant Balfour, David Nilsson and Liam Hendriks are the only Australians to have played in an MLB All-Star Game. In 2013, Balfour was added to the squad by AL manager Jim Leyland as a 'Sunday replacement' pitcher. In 1999, Nilsson was one of two players from the Milwaukee Brewers to be selected. At this time the starting lineup was selected by the fans through voting at stadiums and online. The remaining players were selected by the managers of the respective teams, themselves having been the managers of the league champions from the previous season: in Nilsson's case, he was selected by Bruce Bochy, who had managed the San Diego Padres to the 1998 World Series against the New York Yankees. Liam Hendriks became the third Australian to make the MLB All-Star Game in 2019, as a replacement for Charlie Morton.

Trent Durrington became the only Australian position player to pitch in an MLB game when he appeared for the Milwaukee Brewers on 17 April 2004 against the Houston Astros. Durrington had already entered the game initially as a pinch hitter and remained in the game playing at third base. With two outs in the bottom of the eighth inning, Durrington faced one hitter and induced a fly ball out.

Players

 * Notes

Postseason appearances
Joe Quinn became the first Australian to make an appearance in a postseason game for a Major League team, when the Boston Beaneaters met the Cleveland Spiders in a best-of-nine-game series between the season's first half and second half leaders. In 1892, the National League (NL) was the only active Major League, and Boston were already considered to be the NL pennant winners as they had the best record at the end of the season, and the series—won by the Beaneaters 5–0 (with one tie)—was considered an exhibition series.

In the modern era (considered to be from 1901 to today by MLB, as it was the first season with both of the current Major Leagues in operation), six Australians have played in postseason games, all but one of them pitchers. Graeme Lloyd became the first, playing with the New York Yankees in 1996. He made appearances against the Texas Rangers in the League Division Series, the Baltimore Orioles in the League Championship Series, and the Atlanta Braves in the World Series. Lloyd was credited with the win in game 4 of the 1996 World Series, becoming the first Australian player to do so, as well as becoming the first Australian to be a World Series champion when the Yankees won in 1996 and again in 1998.

Grant Balfour holds the record for most appearances in postseason games for an Australian, having played in a total of seventeen games, thirteen with the Tampa Bay Rays, two with the Minnesota Twins and two with the Oakland Athletics. Damian Moss and Peter Moylan also made postseason appearances, both having played for the Atlanta Braves against the San Francisco Giants: Moss in the 2002 National League Division Series, and Moylan in the 2010 National League Division Series. Liam Hendriks is the most recent Australian to play in the postseason, and the only such player to start a postseason game, pitching in the 2018 American League Wild Card Game for the Oakland Athletics.


text:
Talk:Recorder warning tone

Discussion
Discussion about the title of this article and its recent change can be found at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (acronyms). Feel free to contribute. -- hike395 16:44, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Recorder warning tone


text:
Centaurus X-3

Centaurus X-3 (4U 1118–60) is an X-ray pulsar with a period of 4.84 seconds. It was the first X-ray pulsar to be discovered, and the third X-ray source to be discovered in the constellation Centaurus. The system consists of a neutron star orbiting a massive, O-type supergiant star dubbed Krzemiński's star after its discoverer, Wojciech Krzemiński. Matter is being accreted from the star onto the neutron star, resulting in X-ray emission.

History
Centaurus X-3 was first observed during experiments of cosmic X-ray sources made on May 18, 1967. These initial X-ray spectrum and location measurements were performed using a sounding rocket. In 1971, further observations were performed with the Uhuru satellite, in the form of twenty-seven 100-second duration sightings. These sightings were found to pulsate with an average period of 4.84 seconds, with a variation in the period of 0.02 seconds. Later, it became clear that the period variations followed a 2.09 day sinusoidal curve around the 4.84 second period. These variations in arrival time of the pulses were attributed to the Doppler effect caused by orbital motion of the source, and were therefore evidence for the binary nature of Centaurus X-3.

Despite detailed data from the Uhuru satellite as to the orbital period of the binary, and the pulsation period in the X-ray band as well as the minimum mass of the occulting star, the optical component remained undiscovered for three years. This was partly because Cen X-3 lies in the plane of the Galaxy in the direction of the Carina Spiral Arm, and so observations were forced to differentiate among dozens of faint objects. Centaurus X-3 was finally identified with a faint, heavily reddened variable star lying just outside the error box predicted by Uhuru observations. The visible star was later named after its discoverer, Poland astronomer Wojtek Krzemiński.

Centaurus X-3 was the first sources observed by the Russian x-ray telescope ART-XC. An image was released with the title "First Light Image of the Spektr-RG Observatory", showing the source imaged by the individual telescopes of ART-XC, as well as the light curve of Centaurus X-3 folded at its pulse period of 4.8s.

System
Centaurus X-3 is located in the galactic plane about 5.7 kiloparsecs away, towards the direction of the Carina–Sagittarius Arm, and is a member of an occulting spectroscopic binary system. The visible component is Krzemiński's Star, a supergiant; the X-ray component is a rotating, magnetized neutron star.

X-ray component
The X-ray emission is fueled by the accretion of matter from the distended atmosphere of the blue giant falling through the inner Lagrangian point, L1. The overflowing gas probably forms an accretion disc and ultimately spirals inwards and falls onto the neutron star, releasing gravitational potential energy. The magnetic field of the neutron star channels the inflowing gas onto localized hot spots on the neutron star surface where the X-ray emission occurs.

The neutron star is regularly eclipsed by its giant companion every 2.1 days; these regular X-ray eclipses last approximately 1/4 the orbital period. There are also sporadic X-ray off durations.

The spin period history of Centaurus X-3 shows a spin-up trend that is very prominent in the long-term decrease in its pulse period. This spin-up was first noted in Centaurus X-3 and Hercules X-1 and is now noted in other X-ray pulsars. The most feasible way of explaining the origin of this effect is by a torque exerted on the neutron star by accreting material.

Krzemiński's Star
Krzemiński's Star is a 20.5 solar mass, slightly evolved hot massive star with a radius of and spectral type O6-7 II-III.

There is little doubt as to the correctness of the optical candidate, since it is in apparent agreement with the period and phase of Cen X-3, and exhibits the same similarity in its double wave and amplitude light curve seen in other known massive binary systems. The double wave ellipsoidal light variations are produced by a tidally deformed giant that nearly fills its Roche lobe. The visible component corresponds to an OB II class star, comparable with the mass derived from X-ray data, consistent with the minimum radius that has been fixed by X-ray eclipse duration.

title: Centaurus X-3


text:
Talk:African reggae

Untitled
This was originally a three sentence article:
 * African reggae is true roots music.
 * Reggae has never been "roots music". It has always been popular music, even in Jamaica, and certainly in Africa.
 * If foucuses primarily on Black separitism.
 * Why would Africans focus on black separatism? The African countries in which reggae is most popular are black-dominated.
 * Afican reggage roots are deeply embeded in the slave songs song of their ancestors.
 * "deeply embeded" (presumably a misspelling of embedded?) does not make sense in this context. Presumably, it is meant to claim that the roots of African reggae come from slave songs.  This isn't true.  African reggae comes from Jamaican reggae, which is a mixture of ska, soul and R&B.  One could certainly trace these styles back to slave songs, but then one could also trace them back to Spanish classical guitar styles and English hymns. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TUF-KAT  (talk • contribs) 16:48, 27 February 2005

title: Talk:African reggae


text:
Talk:Gulf States (US)

Discussion about the title of this article and its recent change can be found at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (acronyms). Feel free to contribute. -- hike395 16:49, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gulf States (US)


text:
Tom Curren

Thomas Roland Curren is an American former professional surfer, known for being the first American to win the World Surf League Title. He secured three World Titles in 1985, 1986, and 1990, and achieved 33 event wins in his career, the second most of all time, surpassed only by Kelly Slater. Curren is celebrated for his competitive drive and distinctive surfing style. He retired from competitive surfing in the mid-1990s.

Professional career
Thomas Curren joined the ASP World Tour in 1983, where he competed against established professionals such as Rabbit Bartholomew, Shaun Tomson, and Cheyne Horan.

In 1990, at Margaret River, Curren rode a wave all the way from the take-off zone to the Rivermouth, roughly a 1200-foot ride. He then had to walk back to Mainbreak from the Rivermouth to re-enter the surf. Those who saw it say it has never been repeated, in or out of competition.

Curren still surfs in contests on the ASP World Qualifying Series (WQS.) He is also often invited to surf in World Championship Tour (WCT) trials or contests as a wildcard. He has competed in the Annual Switchfoot Bro-Am Surf Contest for 3 years in a row, surfing on the Switchfoot team.

In his five-year rise to World Surfing Champion, Curren appeared under a contract with surfboard company Channel Islands. He co-produced and rode pro surfboard models such as the Black Beauty and the Red Beauty.

Early in his professional career, he signed with OP swimwear then later changed sponsorships deals to Rip Curl Wetsuits and Clothing.

The Fish Revolution
After his hiatus, Curren temporarily re-appeared at an ASP Surfing Competition in France in 1993, armed with a 1970s 5'5" Twin Fin he'd reportedly bought second hand in a New Jersey Surf Shop (Surfers Supplies in Ocean City, NJ). He entered and proceeded to beat Matt Hoy, who was ranked eighth in the world at the time. Curren showed the world how to use the fish board and how to use it with a modern style of surfing. Curren has collaborated on retro fish and egg designs with surf craft design engineer and fellow Santa Barbaran George Greenough.

Cheers Tom
Curren is a playable character in the video game Kelly Slater's Pro Surfer.

title: Tom Curren


text:
Talk:Glacier National Park (U.S.)

Picture
That picture is too large and covers over the template. It should be tweeked to fit, but know not how to do it myself so I thought I'd bring it up here.

-E. Brown--Squawk Box 12 July 2005

Map error
The location indicated on the map is the location of Yellowstone National Park.

FA sweeps
I reviewed this article as it is one of the oldest unreviewed featured articles. I noticed that it has accumulated some unsourced statements, and flagged them. I am not a specialist in this area so there may well be other issues that I didn't notice. (t · c)  buidhe  06:01, 31 December 2020 (UTC)
 * The article had a major update in 2010 and while that is still a decade ago, it is a few years after ti went to FAC. The reason for the update was to prepare it for the 100th anniversary of the founding of the park in 1910.--MONGO (talk) 08:26, 31 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I really don't get why people like yourself can find the time to slap cite needed tags on articles (asking in many cases for a citation for what is hardly a controversial issue that needs a citation!) and not the time to do a tiny bit of reference searching on their own. It looks like shit to be frank. are cites really needed for obvious details like where route 2 goes or about whether dogs are allowed on trails or that guide and shuttle services are available?? Also if you're going to festoon FAs with such pollution, add a date to the tags would you?--MONGO (talk) 08:46, 31 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm going to mark this as satisfactory with note. There are two sentences that need updating in my opinion, and I can't get the climate template to expand per default for the manual of style. @MONGO, if you agree with me, you're also invited to mark your own featured article(s) as satisfactory at URFA/2020. FemkeMilene (talk) 20:34, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

this is the sort of thing that needs to be reviewed and updated throughout:. The article is still largely cited to very old pages, which have been updated, and as of dates should be provided. This is a sample only (which I saw as I was adjusting images); please ping me when done, so I can mark “Satisfactory” at WP:URFA/2020. MONGO, re your comment above, we have 4,000 very old featured articles to go through and most of us are working ‘round the clock on those; it’s not possible for reviewers to get to all of the work ourselves, even for articles like this (my favorite place on Earth), no matter how much we want to :). There is no pressure, but we can’t do it all, and have to keep checking back as to which articles we can check off. Best regards, Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  21:33, 4 March 2021 (UTC)
 * This is another example of the kind of thing that needs to be checked throughout. MONGO, few FAs endure long enough to need this sort of change, and I’m glad this one has :). Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  21:48, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

 * There are still some failed verification tags in this article. Is anyone interested in adding new sources for these tags? If not, can someone bring this to WP:FAR, so interested editors may discover this article there and make improvements? Unfortunately, I am at my 5 article limit at FAR (and Sandy probably is, too) so I would not be able to nominate this for a while. Z1720 (talk) 02:16, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Sure, I'll get started on it tomorrow.  Atsme 💬 📧 06:11, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Why are you at a limit on FAR nominations?--MONGO (talk) 11:22, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * This article will be updated in 2022.--MONGO (talk) 12:12, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * editors at FAR are limited to five nominations at a time, and can only nominate one per week. This is because nominators are expected to provide regular reviews of articles they nominate (if someone is willing to work on them) and to prevent the FAR system from being overwhelmed. I am happy that Atsme is going to work on this, and I saw your message at WT:URFA/2020 stating that you are working on various FAs, too. Please ping me if this article is ready for another review. Z1720 (talk) 15:41, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Glacier National Park (U.S.)