text:
Talk:Henry Heth

Source
Text of the article was obtained from public domain site. Darwinek 10:05, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Complete rewrite in February 2005. Hal Jespersen 01:46, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

pronunciation
rhymes with teeth, not with death? kwami 13:43, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeth. It's pronounced like Heath. Hal Jespersen 18:49, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Confusing sentence
"He fought in the Battle of Chancellorsville, showing aggressive, but misguided, qualities in his first large-scale combat, attacking without reserves against a Union force emerging from the Wilderness." "the Wilderness" is linked to the Battle of the Wilderness, which was not fought until 1864, a year after Chancellorsville. I assume this is supposed to mean the Union force was emerging from the area where the battle will be fought the next year? Can somebody please clarify? -Cwenger (talk) 18:59, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

 * You're right. I removed the link. (We have no link for the Wilderness of Spotsylvania.) Hal Jespersen (talk) 00:07, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

"Battle" of Giles Court House
This is a placemark to remind myself or the legendary Hal Jespersen that this article requires some amendment. While Heth was promoted Brigadier in early 1861, he remained in command of the Army of the New River (realistically the 45th and 22nd VA Regiments, with a smattering of cavalry and artillery) and had a very important if largely unacknowledged role in the defense of Virginia in the spring of 1862. When General T. J. Jackson ordered all rolling stock and engines to be removed from the railroad west of Staunton in early 1862, Heth's base of operations around Lewisburg became untenable, and he was forced to withdraw to the Dublin area, leaving a 100-mile gap in Confederate defenses, including a wide-open back door to Staunton, VA, arguably the most strategic objective in the Valley of Virginia. When federal forces penetrated the Narrows, Heth felt compelled to attack and, once successful at the Action at Giles Court House, to pursue the enemy back to Lewisburg, where he fought a losing action on May 29, 1962. Heth's actions were absolutely critical to the success of Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign, for only by throwing back and tying up Jacob Cox's forces could Jackson's movement North have been possible. Had Heth remained in Giles County, Cox would have been free to move upon Staunton, VA, by the same route that Crook and Averell eventually took to invest that city in 1864, which in turn certainly would have compelled Jackson to cease offensive operations away from Staunton. In his report on the Skirmish at Giles Courthouse, Heth rather cleverly detailed how he divided his two-regiment "army" into two "brigades," then had his two subordinates (including John McCausland) submit reports as brigade commanders. Thus Heth presented himself as a theater commander, an army commander, and a divisional commander, while his two subordinates became "brigadiers." Heth would in fact be promoted Major General, and McCausland would make Brigadier, though it appears as if the third "brigade" commander, Col. Jenifer, inventor of the saddle by the same name, was overlooked. One of the few wounded at Giles Court House was Col. George S. Patton. OR vol. XII chapter XXIV, pp. 491-495 Heth's campaign-let and the action at Giles probably both deserve mention in his biography, at the very least.Sofa King (talk) 00:49, 4 July 2013 (UTC)

At Hal's prodding I have added a paragraph about Heth's New River Campaign, if it can be called that. I did add a sentence which suggests Heth was playing politics in his reports. I think that the evidence for this is implicit in the structure of the reports submitted within the OR; however, if one wished to further pursue the matter one might look to the subordinates named in the reports, who include prominent last names such as Lewis, Patton, Hampton, and one "Henry Fitzhugh," who may or may not be related to the Lees. I think the question as to whether Heth's high promotion was due to martial prowess or strong interpersonal skills should be asked, but probably cannot be definitively answered. If anyone feels this is too speculative, feel free to change it. Sofa King (talk) 16:08, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

Shoes
I must object to the deletion of my copy for the lede by Joshmaul. The current ending reads very oddly, almost like vandalism: '...sending his division in force into the town of Gettysburg supposedly in search of shoes.'

I would like suggest reverting my own version: 'He is generally blamed for accidentally starting the Battle of Gettysburg before Lee was ready. Against orders, he sent forward a reconnaissance force that collided with Union troops and was beaten back. Heth insisted that he had wanted to capture a local shoe-factory, to equip Lee’s barefoot army, but historians doubt this claim.'

Either that, or delete the mention of shoes altogether. Valetude (talk) 13:22, 24 January 2014 (UTC)

 * There are a few problems with your proposed change. First, I do not know that he was acting against explicit orders to send his reconnaissance in force. The orders were to avoid a general engagement before the Army was concentrated. So the expedition was perhaps ill advised, but not necessarily insubordinate. Second, he said in his memoirs that he wanted to find shoes, not mentioning a factory (and we know that there was no such factory in the town). Third, some historians (and some prominent ones among them) take his claim at face value, so the blanket statement at the end is not correct. (To be clear about my personal opinion, not that it matters, I think the idea that he would send an infantry division on a shoe expedition is ridiculous.) Hal Jespersen (talk) 17:09, 24 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you, Hal, for clarifying the record about Heth's movements, and I stand corrected. In the light of your input, I reckon the shoe story sounds like a popular canard that does not have much factual support, so I now feel it has no place in the lede. Have abbreviated accordingly, and I hope, appropriately. Valetude (talk) 18:48, 24 January 2014 (UTC)

 * You're welcome. The lead section needs to be expanded to a few paragraphs, but that probably takes lower priority than a general improvement pass of the entire article, most importantly adding citations. I cannot say that I have the time scheduled to do this in the near future, so any other volunteers would be welcome. Hal Jespersen (talk) 21:24, 25 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Well, I've done what I can with the lede, Hal, though I reckon it's long enough in pro. Maybe it's the main article that needs lengthening -  if his notability justifies it. Valetude (talk) 15:19, 29 January 2014 (UTC)
 * For the sentence about Early/Gordon knowing there are shoes in Gettysburg or taking shoes, Harry Pfanz Gettysburg the First Day 2001, says "Heth did not say why he believed that Gettysburg contained a lot of provisions. Perhaps he did not know that Gordon's brigade had passed through the town four days earlier and should have picked it clean." p.25. I looked at Stephen W. Sears Gettysburg, 2003 and it didn't say that Early knew about the shoes. And I didn't see it in Early's autobiography either. Qstor2 (talk) 22:10, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

According to Timothy H. Smith in a National Park Service Gettysburg Seminar Paper, there was no such shoe factory in Gettysburg, or the surrounding Adams County. He cites "The War Of The Rebellion: A Compilation Of The Official Records Of The Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Vol. 27, Pt. 2, p. 298." as saying that "on June 28, Robert E. Lee, ordered his "whole force" to "concentrate at Gettysburg.""These were days of Horror--87.112.5.168 (talk) 13:24, 1 July 2019 (UTC)

Suggest merge of Heths father and grandfather into this article
I would like to suggest that the two seperate articles on Henry Heths father and grandfather be merged into this one. I dont envision there is much more to say about these two individuals and the contents on their current respective article can easily fit into the more famous Henry Heth subject. 90.229.193.208 (talk) 20:54, 5 June 2017 (UTC)

Shoes (update)
I was told that there were no shoe manufactories in Gettysburg at that time. But I note that the Wiki page on Gettysburg states: By 1860, the borough "had around 450 buildings [which] housed carriage manufacturing, shoemakers, and tanneries". Valetude (talk) 11:31, 16 August 2017 (UTC)

Harry Heth clarification
I was wondering whether the term "Harry Heth" should go to the Confederate General's grandfather as he was virtually never termed "Henry Heth" and was always called Harry Heth whereas the general was frequently referred in official documents as "Henry Heth." I know the grandfather is not today as famous as his grandson, but he is still a very important figure in Virginia history as he ran the most successful coal mine in North America at the time. I believe he should get the official title of "Harry Heth" instead of that page being a redirect to Gen. Henry Heth. A couple disambiguation pages could be listed at the top of each respective page to help clear up any confusion some readers may have. Bradylang (talk) 13:39, 30 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Henry Heth


text: User talk:83.249.134.241

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:83.249.134.241


text:
User:Charles Matthews/Gale Dictionary

Fleur Adcock - A. Alvarez - John Ash - Patricia Beer - Anne Beresford - D. M. Black - Eavan Boland - Alison Brackenbury - Edwin Brock - Michael Dennis Browne - Alan Brownjohn - Gillian Clarke - Tony Connor - David Constantine - Kevin Crossley-Holland - Peter Dale - Dick Davis - Douglas Dunn - Gavin Ewart - Elaine Feinstein - James Fenton - Ian Hamilton Finlay - Roy Fisher - John Fuller - Robin Fulton - Ian Hamilton - Tony Harrison - David Harsent - Lee Harwood - Seamus Heaney - Geoffrey Hill - Philip Hobsbaum - Michael Hofmann - David Holbrook - Molly Holden - Anselm Hollo - Jeremy Hooker - Ted Hughes - B. S. Johnson - Jenny Joseph - P. J. Kavanagh - Brendan Kennelly - Peter Levi - Michael Longley - Edward Lucie-Smith - George MacBeth - Derek Mahon - Roger McGough - Medbh McGuckian - Matthew Mead - Christopher Middleton - Adrian Mitchell - John Montague - Andrew Motion - Paul Muldoon - Richard Murphy - Eilean Ni Chuilleanain - Desmond O'Grady - Tom Paulin - Tom Pickard - Peter Porter - J. H. Prynne - Craig Raine - Tom Raworth - Peter Reading - Peter Redgrove - Christopher Reid - John Riley - Carol Rumens - Michael Schmidt - Peter Scupham - Penelope Shuttle - James Simmons - Iain Crichton Smith/Iain Mac A'Ghobhainn - Ken Smith - Jon Stallworthy - Anne Stevenson - D. M. Thomas - Anthony Thwaite - Charles Tomlinson - John Tripp - Gael Turnbull - Frederick Turner - Jeffrey Wainwright - Ted Walker - Andrew Waterman - Robert Wells - Hugo Williams - Clive Wilmer

title: User:Charles Matthews/Gale Dictionary


text:
File:DraynefleteRevealed.jpg

Summary
Dustjacket of Osbert Lancaster, Draynfleet Revealed 1949

Dustjacket: fair use

title: File:DraynefleteRevealed.jpg


text: Category:British clergy

title: Category:British clergy


text:
Category:Fictional mountains

Fictional mountains.

title: Category:Fictional mountains


text:
Talk:Declinometer

Untitled
This article has potential. If anyone knows enough about the topic to expand on it and tell how a declinometer works, for example, then it would make a fine article. — Brim 08:25, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nobody has done this since 2005 so I suggest it be merged with Magnetic declination. Biscuittin (talk) 23:34, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Declinometer


text:
University of Illinois Willard Airport

University of Illinois Willard Airport is south of Savoy in Tolono Township, Champaign County, Illinois, United States. It is owned and operated by the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign and is named for former University of Illinois president Arthur Cutts Willard.

History
The airport was dedicated on 26 October 1945. Airline flights began in 1954. The terminal building built in 1960 was used until the present terminal was completed in 1987. By 1969, Willard was the second-busiest airport in the state of Illinois. After the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, many airlines found service to small airports to be inefficient, the price differential to airfares from major hub airports such as Chicago O'Hare grew, which limited demand for tickets from Willard and caused airlines to leave.

Until 2014, the airport was home to the University of Illinois Institute of Aviation, a research and pilot training facility. The university trustees voted to shutter the institute in 2011 while allowing enrolled students to complete their studies. In 2013, the university agreed to transfer the pilot training function of the institute to Parkland College, a local community college. The university continues to operate the airport and provides an annual subsidy of $433,000 for its operations.

Traffic at Willard airport declined significantly from 2005 to 2013. According to FAA published data, in CY2013 there were 84,853 passenger enplanements compared to 132,077 in 2005. Overall traffic also declined to 54,653 total Combined TRACON / Tower operations in CY 2013 compared to 123,341 in CY2005.

In 2013, the airport ranked 285th out of 320 airports for on-time performance according to government statistics and was ranked 251st out of 324 airports for the first 11 months of 2014.

The airport gained some notoriety for a January 21, 1998, incident in which Air Force One became stuck in mud, requiring a backup aircraft to transport President Bill Clinton from a speaking engagement at the University of Illinois' Assembly Hall. The pilot opted to enter the main taxiway from the ramp using a feeder taxiway with an unusually large angle. Due to the wide turn, the right main gear left the taxiway and slipped into the soft turf, causing the aircraft to be lodged in the mud. The Air Force dispatched backup aircraft SAM26000, which first entered service during the Kennedy Administration and would be retired later in 1998.

In January 2023, the airport announced that larger planes will service Dallas–Fort Worth and that expanded service will be offered to Chicago O'Hare. Also, the Institute of Aviation announced an expanded pilot training program.

The airport also announced plans to expand the passenger terminal and TSA facilities as well as to upgrade the taxiway design to remain aligned with FAA standards. In addition, plans for new firefighting facilities are in the works, especially featuring the airport's first new fire truck in 19 years.

Facilities and aircraft

Willard Airport covers 1799 acre and has three runways:
 * Runway 4/22: 6502 by, Grooved asphalt
 * Runway 14L/32R: 8101 by, Grooved asphalt-concrete with ILS
 * Runway 14R/32L: 3816 by, Asphalt

The terminal has five gates.

For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2021, the airport averages 127 aircraft operations per day, or roughly 46,000 per year. This includes 70% general aviation, 28% air taxi, <1% military, and <1% commercial. For the same time period, there were 75 aircraft based on the field: 56 single-engine and 4 multi-engine airplanes, 12 jets, and 3 helicopters.

Airline and destinations

American Eagle has two daily flights to Dallas Fort Worth International Airport on 75-seat ERJs and two daily ERJ flights to Chicago's O'Hare International Airport on ERJ-170’s. Those aircraft come in a dual cabin configuration offering First-Class and Economy.

Delta Air Lines dropped Willard Airport on August 31, 2010. Vision Airlines also ceased service to Willard Airport on January 6, 2012 after three weeks of service. United Airlines as well ceased service to Willard Airport on September 5, 2018 after a year of service.

The airport saw a 72% decrease in arrival and departure passengers during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. That loss cost the airport roughly $500,000. Demand had recovered by 2022, and the airport began seeking ways to attract additional flights to Washington, DC.

Ground transportation
As of 2023, there is no public transit service to the airport. The Champaign–Urbana Mass Transit District provides service approximately one mile to the northeast in Savoy.

Four car rental agencies have offices in the terminal building. The airport is reached from U.S. Route 45, five miles south of downtown Champaign. The nearest expressway exit is Exit 229 (Monticello Road) on Interstate 57, about a four-mile drive from the terminal. Parking facilities include a paid parking lot, rental car parking lot, and curbside loading zone.

Economic impact
In 2016, the Champaign County Economic Development Corporation commissioned an Economic Impact Report with support from community sponsors. The report found that the airport had a total of $74,325,994 annual economic impact and a $204,000 daily impact within Champaign County. The 23,266 visitors coming to the area each year because of the airport helped created 112.8 jobs locally. Further, the airport was found to generate $10.2 million in annual tax receipts and $2.3 million in annual local taxes. More than $800,000 of these local tax dollars goes to local schools.

Accidents and incidents

 * On September 9, 1978, a Piper PA-31-310 Navajo crashed near CMI. The aircraft encountered an engine failure, and the pilot in command was unable to maintain the minimum safe flying speed. The plane stalled and ultimately spun, killing all six on board. The family on board was related to a football player at Northwestern University and were departing after the team's game against the University of Illinois.
 * On November 12, 1994, a Cessna 210 Centurion crashed soon after a 7 p.m. take-off in inclement weather. The crash killed the pilot and 3 passengers.
 * On May 17, 1997, a Piper PA-38-112 Tomahawk crashed after performing a touch and go landing. The pilot was the only occupant of the plane and was killed.
 * On January 18, 2017, a Robinson R22 crashed while operating at CMI. The aircraft was attempting two auto rotations at the time when the helicopter skidded across the runway and flipped over. The student and instructor on board were not injured.

title: University of Illinois Willard Airport


text:
Gambia International Airlines

Gambia International Airlines Limited (GIA) was the national airline of the Gambia, headquartered in Banjul. It operated mostly regional passenger services within West Africa out of Banjul International Airport, as well as flights to London. The airline was owned by the Government of the Gambia (99%) and Gambia Telecommunications Company (1%).

History
Gambia International Airlines was established on 23 January 1996 and started operations (originally only ground handling) on 1 March of the same year. Even though claiming net profit of 1.3 million dollars in 2003, the airline was forced to suspend its flight operations again in April 2004 due to operational problems. Gambia International Airlines could never re-establish any flight operations, and was finally shut down in 2007.

Destinations
Upon closure, Gambia International Airlines served the following scheduled destinations:
 * The Gambia
 * Banjul - Banjul International Airport
 * Nigeria
 * Lagos - Murtala Muhammed International Airport
 * Senegal
 * Dakar - Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport
 * Sierra Leone
 * Freetown - Lungi International Airport
 * United Kingdom
 * London - London Gatwick Airport

Fleet
In 2004, the Gambia International Airlines fleet consisted of the following aircraft:

 * 1 Boeing 737-200
 * 1 Boeing 737-800

title: Gambia International Airlines


text: Category:Welsh painters

title: Category:Welsh painters


text: User talk:4.231.161.192

title: User talk:4.231.161.192


text: Category:Welsh clergy

title: Category:Welsh clergy


text:
Talk:Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area

Renaming and Redirecting Proposal

 * I'd like to expand this article but feel that the first step is in renaming this page as Champaign-Urbana Metropolitan Area, and creating a redirect to it from Chambana. Chambana being a nickname for the Metro area isn't likely to be a useful article, however I can put together a very nice article on the metro area, including a bit on the term Chambana.  I'm going to leave this open for a few days before making these changes, to gather feedback on this idea.  Agriculture 08:30, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree, go for it (By the way, the move will also create a redirect). Dori | Talk 13:41, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

Criteria for Famous People
John Bambenek has no reason to be on the list of famous people. His only claim to fame is that he writes a column in the DI once a week and is a system's administrator on campus. Obviously someone (perhaps Bambenek himself) is exploiting Wikipedia by adding him(self) inappropriately to as many articles as possible. Please continue to remove this joker. 67.171.73.202 07:10, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Rather than continue in a tug of war, I'm inviting someone else to resolve this issue. Let me reiterate, John Bambenek is in no way famous when compared to any of the other individuals on this list who have either achieved some high level of (verifiable) national or international notability (Miss America, Olympic Medal Winners, Nobel Prize winners) or are celebrity-level artists, performers, and writers (e.g. Ludacris, Roger Ebert). Chances are you have either heard of these people, or can in a matter of a few minutes verify their fame, except for John Bambenek. Bambenek's fame seems to be restricted to the one person (or handful of people) who add him to these types of lists. 67.171.73.202 22:42, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

It's clear you have an axe to grind here. It's also clear you haven't heard of google. He may be arguable not notable for his DI articles (even though they've been syndicated), but you can't argue his contributions to information security are irrelevant, not with dozens of papers referencing him as an expert. -- 12.203.38.138 22:50, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

My only axe to grind is that I grew up in Urbana and graduated from the University of Illinois and know for a fact that John Bambenek is not a famous person in Champaign-Urbana. Being an expert doesn't make someone famous. This is the University of Illinois. Everyone granted a PhD is a subject matter expert in their field, most having more significant publications in terms of both quantity and quality than Bambenek, in addition to national and international awards. 67.171.73.202 23:22, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Champaign-Urbana MSA
There is an official census definition of the metropolitan area surrounding the Champaign urban area. It consists of Champaign county, Ford county, and Piatt county. But the article only seems to be talking about the Champaign urbanized area (also defined by the Census Bureau). Polaron | Talk 07:18, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

My edits
Absinthe blind needs to be added to the famous people section —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.23.145.135 (talk) 03:17, 28 July 2008 (UTC) I've added Nina Paley to the "famous people" list. She's at least as famous as Braid(not knocking Braid, I have two of their albums). I've also cleared up the constant adding-in of Hugh Hefner to this article. *Sigh*. I'm going to be in C-U some time in the Spring. Please notify me of any meet-ups, or I might schedule one myself:).NinaEliza (talk • contribs • [ logs ] ) 23:04, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

C-U vs. U-C
Please explain the history of why the area is called Champaign-Urbana, but the University is called Urbana-Champaign?-69.87.202.28 13:00, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

I'll try to explain -- The U of I is mostly (or at least originally) in Urbana, therefore Univeristy of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Champaign is the bigger city of the two, therefore when not speaking of the university it is called Champaign Urbana. I was raised in Champaign and that's what I've always thought of it all... Kkemper (talk) 07:17, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

I always thought that they decided to use Urbana-Champaign to avoid confusion with the University of Illinois at Chicago when referring to the two schools using acronyms. The acronym would be too similar for the two schools if Champaign-Urbana was used (UIC vs. UICU). Therefore, the University decided to go with UIUC. Nkcomp (talk) 08:15, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Edit: Colloquial References to Champaign-Urbana Metropolitan Area
I added the colloquial names "Chambana" and "Urbaign" to the introductory paragraph. Nkcomp (talk) 08:24, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Incidents Involving New Champaign Skyline
I think this title is irrelevant and should be removed. And there is only one incident. SlaterDeterminant (talk) 00:57, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

Education Section
I deleted the part of Parkland's description that followed its current state. The 'sentence' in question was "Cheap source of education." Besides being a sentence fragment, I found it dismissive. Hopefully nobody has an issue with this. George The Man (talk) 12:47, 6 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area


text:
Ģirts Valdis Kristovskis

Ģirts Valdis Kristovskis (born 19 February 1962) is a Latvian politician. He is a member of the centre-right Unity party.

Kristovskis served in several previous Latvian governments as the Minister for the Interior from 3 August 1993 to 28 October 1994, when he resigned), and the Minister of the Defense from 26 November 1998 to 9 March 2004. He was elected to the Saeima in four subsequent elections since 1993, being a member of Latvian Way party in 1993–1998 and a member of For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK party in 1998–2008. At the 2004 European election he was elected as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK, but lost his mandate in the 2009 elections. Subsequently, he was elected to the Riga City Council where he was the leader of the opposition.

In 2008 he founded the centre right Civic Union party which became a founding member of the Unity coalition which won the largest mandate the 2010 Saeima elections. On 3 November 2010 Kristovskis became the Foreign Minister in the new Cabinet. In November, a scandal erupted in Latvia concerning the minister's correspondence with a doctor, who had expressed views perceived as Russophobic. Kristovskis survived the vote of non-confidence held on 9 November (36 deputies representing the opposition parties of the pro-Russian Harmony Center coalition and the right-wing For a Good Latvia voted for the proposal, with 51 deputies from the governing coalition voting against). Between 3 November 2010 and 25 October 2011 he served as the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Latvia. Kristovskis lost his seat in the Saeima as a result of the 2011 Latvian parliamentary election.

He is a signatory of the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism, and co-sponsored the European Parliament resolution of 2 April 2009 on European conscience and totalitarianism.

title: Ģirts Valdis Kristovskis


text:
Inese Vaidere

Inese Vaidere (born 3 September 1952) is a Latvian politician who currently serves as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP).

Role in national politics
Vaidere was Minister of State for the Environment in the Krištopans cabinet from 1998 to 1999, Vice-Mayor of Riga from 2001 to 2002 and a member of the Saeima from 2002 to 2004.

Member of the European Parliament, 2004–present
Vaidere was elected to the European Parliament in 2004 from the For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK list and sat with the Union for a Europe of Nations group. In 2009 she was elected from the Civic Union list and sat with the European People's Party group.

Between 2004 and 2014, Vaidere was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Subcommittee on Human Rights. In 2013, she drafted the parliament's report on the impact of the financial and economic crisis on human rights, which calls for the EU to help developing countries create social-protection schemes.

In 2014, Vaidere was placed 6th on the Unity list and was preferenced 5th by voters. Unity won 4 of Latvia's European Parliament seats and she was not elected. However the first candidate elected on the list, Valdis Dombrovskis, became the European Commissioner for the Euro and Social Dialogue on 1 November 2014 and ceased to be an MEP. Vaidere, as next in line on the Unity list, replaced him in the Parliament.

From 2014 until 2019, Vaidere was a member of the Committee on Budgets. Since 2019, she has been serving on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. In addition to her committee assignments, she is a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on Integrity (Transparency, Anti-Corruption and Organized Crime), the European Parliament Intergroup on Traditional Minorities, National Communities and Languages, the European Parliament Intergroup on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs), the European Parliament Intergroup on the Digital Agenda and the European Internet Forum.

Political positions
Vaidere is a signatory of the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism.

In 2015, news media reported that Vaidere was included in a Russian blacklist of prominent people from the European Union who are not allowed to enter the country.

title: Inese Vaidere


text:
Carcinisation

Carcinisation (American English: carcinization) is a form of convergent evolution in which non-crab crustaceans evolve a crab-like body plan. The term was introduced into evolutionary biology by L. A. Borradaile, who described it as "the many attempts of Nature to evolve a crab".

Definition of carcinised morphology
It was stated by Lancelot Alexander Borradaile in 1916 that: "… the phenomenon which may be called 'carcinization' … consists essentially in a reduction of the abdomen of a macrurous crustacean, together with a depression and broadening of its cephalothorax, so that the animal assumes the general habit of body of a crab" Keiler et al., 2017 defines a carcinised morphology as follows:

An important and visually evident marker of difference between true crabs and carcinised Anomura is the amount of leg pairs. While Brachyura (true) crabs have four pairs of legs used for locomotion, Anomura possess one much smaller set and therefore three sets of walking legs.
 * "The carapace is flatter than it is broad and possesses lateral margins."
 * "The sternites are fused into a wide sternal plastron which possesses a distinct emargination on its posterior margin."
 * "The pleon is flattened and strongly bent, in dorsal view completely hiding the tergites of the fourth pleonal segment, and partially or completely covers the plastron."

Examples
Carcinisation is believed to have occurred independently in at least five groups of decapod crustaceans: The extinct probable crustacean order Cyclida are also noted to "strikingly resemble crabs," and probably had a similar ecology.
 * Order Decapoda:
 * Infraorder Anomura:
 * King crabs, which most scientists believe evolved from hermit crab ancestors
 * First appearance: Late Cenozoic
 * Porcelain crabs, which are closely related to squat lobsters
 * First appearance: Late Jurassic
 * The hairy stone crab (Lomis hirta)
 * Hermit crabs:
 * The coconut crab (Birgus latro)
 * Patagurus rex
 * Infraorder Brachyura (true crabs) First appearance: Early Jurassic

King crabs
The example of king crabs (family Lithodidae) evolving from hermit crabs has been particularly well studied, and evidence in their biology supports this theory. For example, most hermit crabs are asymmetrical, and fit well into spiral snail shells; the abdomens of king crabs, even though they do not use snail shells for shelter, are also asymmetrical.

Hypercarcinisation
An exceptional form of carcinisation, termed "hypercarcinisation", is seen in the porcelain crab Allopetrolisthes spinifrons. In addition to the shortened body form, A. spinifrons also shows similar sexual dimorphism to that seen in true crabs, where males have a shorter pleon than females.

Selective pressures and benefits
Independently arising from multiple ancestral crustacean taxa, the crab-like traits exhibited vary between individual species and taxa. However, all crabs and carcinised organisms are decapods. Correlations between the folding of the pleon tail and widening of the cephalothorax across disparate decapod species suggest similar evolutionary pressures. Some occurrences of carcinisation are derived from convergent but distinct developmental pathways, while others may be instances of homologous parallelism from shared ancestral body plans.

Most carcinised organisms are descended from the infraorder Anomura, which includes hermit crabs. Many carcinised Anomura evolved from ancestors with morphologically intermediate forms reminiscent of modern squat lobsters, not including the King Crab which is hypothesized by researchers to be descended directly from a variety of Pagurid hermit crab. There may be various advantages to adopting brachyuraform (true crab-like) traits.

The adoption of a crab-like body structure can convey a number of selective advantages for crustacean species. Carcinisation is associated with a lowered center of gravity, allowing these creatures to invest in sideways walking. This evasive adaptation is particularly useful in an ocean environment with forward-moving predators. The pleon is held tightly under the animal’s cephalothorax with reduced musculature, which protects the pleon’s organs from attack. The smaller and more balanced frame facilitates concealment within rocks and coral. The folding of the pleon below the carapace reduces the crustacean’s exposed surface area, and associated hardening of the pleonal cuticle are all thought to benefit the fitness of this body type.

Evolutionary tradeoffs
The caridoid escape reaction is an innate danger response in crustaceans such as lobsters and crayfish, which contracts abdominal flexions and sends the crustacean flying backward in the water. Brachyura and species which have undergone carcinization have strongly bent and immobile tails, which prevent them from utilizing this evasion strategy. The necessary muscles are no longer developed enough in these species to facilitate the necessary tail flipping. Crabs and false crabs are best suited to escape by ground pursuit in comparison to the quick aquatic escape provided by the caridoid escape reaction.

Porcelain crabs’ closest relatives are squat lobsters, taxa which occupy a morphological middle ground, described by Keiler et. al. as “half-carcinized” due to their partially flexed pleons and carapaces that remain longer than they are wide. Many species do not become fully carcinised but only undergo the crab-like adaptations that are contextually beneficial, to varying degrees.

Coconut crabs (Birgus latro)
While most incidences of carcinization are in aquatic Anomura populations, it has evolved in the planet’s largest land-dwelling invertebrate, Coconut crabs. A number of true crab-like features, such as a wide carapace, and a low abdomen with strong supporting legs, allow these crustaceans to wield muscular claws and manipulate their terrestrial environments with greater ease. The lack of an extended pleon greatly benefits their mobility. In this case, brachyuraform traits accommodate comfortable terrestrial locomotion and are far more pronounced in maturity, after the larval and post-larval stages which remain obligatorily aquatic. The repeated emergence of carcinised morphological structures suggests selective pressures in various Anomura niches and habitus often favor carcinization, though this may fluctuate and is sometimes reversed by the opposite process of decarcinisation.

Decarcinisation
Some crab-shaped species have evolved away from the crab form in a process known as decarcinisation. Decarcinisation, or the loss of the crab-like body, has occurred multiple times in both Brachyura and Anomura. However, there are varying degrees of carcinisation and decarcinisation. Thus, not all species can necessarily be classified as "carcinised" or "decarcinised." Some examples include the coconut crab as well as other hermit crabs that have lost or reduced their outer casing, often referred to as "domiciles." While they retain their crab-like phenotype, their reduction in or lack of domicile necessitates a "semi-carcinised" label.

title: Carcinisation


text:
Henk Krol

Henricus Cornelis Maria "Henk" Krol (born 1 April 1950) is a Dutch journalist, publisher, entrepreneur, activist and politician. He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 10 September 2014. He used to be the leader of 50PLUS, but left the party in 2020, due to disagreements with the rest of the party's leadership. From 3 May to 18 October 2020, Krol was the leader of the Party for the Future.

Career
Krol served as the main spokesman for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) in the House of Representatives from 1978 until 1985.

Krol was editor-in-chief of the magazine Gay Krant, which he founded in 1980.

Between March 2011 and September 2012, he was member of the States-Provincial of North Brabant.

For the 2012 general election Krol was the lijsttrekker (top candidate) for the Pensioners' Party 50PLUS.

Krol was the Parliamentary leader of 50PLUS in the House of Representatives from 13 September 2012 until 4 October 2013 and a Member of the House of Representatives from 20 September 2012 until 4 October 2013.

On 4 October 2013, de Volkskrant published an article alleging that Krol withheld pension money from his employees from 2004 until 2007, and then again in 2009, while working for the Gay Krant. De Volkskrant said that the tip-off leading to the article had come via Publeaks NL, a new Dutch anonymous whistleblowing initiative. The same day, Krol announced his resignation from the House of Representatives in a letter, admitting that he made 'many mistakes'. Although he did not address the allegations directly, he concluded that "it is impossible for me to continue in my function as representative". He was replaced in the House of Representatives by Martine Baay-Timmerman on 29 October 2013.

He was elected with preferential votes for the Ouderen Appèl party to the municipal council of Eindhoven in March 2014. Krol returned to the House of Representatives on 10 September 2014, when Martine Baay-Timmerman went on sick leave.

After disagreements with the party top of 50PLUS he resigned from the leadership position and exited the party. He founded the Party for the Future together with formerly independent member of the House of Representatives Femke Merel van Kooten, but left the party a few months later.

Decorations

 * Order of Orange-Nassau ribbon - Knight Grand Cross.svg Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau (Netherlands, 1999)

title: Henk Krol


text: Category:Welsh journalists

title: Category:Welsh journalists


text:
Roberts Zīle

Roberts Zīle (born 20 June 1958) is a Latvian economist and politician and Vice President of the European Parliament for the National Alliance, a free market national conservative right-wing populist political party in Latvia. In the seventh term of the European Parliament, he works in the European Conservatives and Reformists group; he is a member of European Conservatives and Reformists Group Executive and a member of the group Bureau. He was formerly vice-president of the now defunct Union for a Europe of Nations group.

Background
Zīle was born in Riga on 20 June 1958 and gained his first education in the Riga 25th high school. After graduating in 1976, Zīle continued his education at the University of Latvia, Faculty of Economics, culminating in a baccalaureate degree in economics in 1981. In 1983, Zīle began part-time studies at the Latvian Institute of Agriculture and Agricultural Economics. During the period between 1992 and 1994, Zīle interned at the Iowa State University in the US, at the Brandon University in Canada, and at the La Trobe University in Australia. Finally, in 1997 Zīle gained a doctorate degree of economics from the Latvian University of Agriculture.

Early career
Zīle began his career in 1980 as editor of the publishing house "Avots". From 1982 until 1986 Zīle was a research fellow, later appointed to head of unit, at the Latvian State Institute of Agrarian Economics. From 1989 to 1993, Zīle was editor of the economics section of the Citizens' Congress of the Republic of Latvia newspaper "Citizen" ("Pilsonis") and the LNNK newspaper "National Independence" ("Nacionālā Neatkarība").

Political career in Latvia
Zīle began his political career in 1990, when he became member of the executive institution of the Latvian Citizens' Congress, the Committee of Latvia.

In 1994, Zīle ran in the Riga City Council elections from the "For Fatherland and Freedom" party's list. After being a deputy in the Riga City Council, he became an assistant to Ilmārs Dāliņš, a member of the 5th Saeima (Parliament of Latvia). In 1995, Zīle was himself elected in the 6th Saeima from the "For Fatherland and Freedom" list. He worked there as a member of the European Affairs committee and the Budget and Finance committee. Later, Zīle became chairman of the Budget and Finance committee.

In February 1997, Zīle became Minister of Finance of Latvia under Prime Minister Andris Šķēle. The position was extended from July 1997 to November 1998 in the government of Guntars Krasts. In October 1998, Zīle was elected to the 7th Saeima from the recently founded political Union's "For Fatherland and Freedom"/LNNK (TB/LNNK) list. In the 7th Saeima, Zīle continued his work in the European Affairs committee and the Budget and Finance committee. Zīle also served as the Minister of Special Affairs for cooperation with international financial institutions in the government of Vilis Krištopans from November 1998 to July 1999, in the government of Andris Šķēle from July 1999 to May 2000, and in the government of Andris Bērziņš from May 2000 to July 2002. In January 2000, Zīle resigned his seat in the Saeima due to a new legislation which banned simultaneous holding of positions of a Minister and a Member of Saeima.

In 2002, Zīle was elected to the 8th Saeima from the TB/LNNK list. In November 2002, Zīle resigned from the Parliament, because he was confirmed as a Minister of Transport in the government of Einars Repše. Zīle held this position until March 2004.

In July 2006, TB/LNNK nominated Zīle as a candidate for the position of Prime Minister. In December 2006, he was elected chairman of TB/LNNK. In July 2011, upon the creation of the new association of political parties National Alliance "All for Latvia!" - "For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK", Zīle became co-chairman of the association from the TB/LNNK side. In August 2011, he resigned his post as co-chairman, declaring that he wishes to focus his attention on the events in the European Parliament and believes that the leaders of the National Alliance should be based in Latvia.

Political career in the European Parliament
For the sixth term of the European Parliament, Zīle ran in the 2004 European Parliament elections as representative of TB/LNNK. As a result, he was elected in June 2004 and became Member of the European Parliament (MEP). As MEP, Zīle joined the nationally conservative Union for Europe of the Nations political group, where he served as vice-president. Zīle worked in the Transport and Tourism committee, the Industry, Research and Energy committee, as well as in the Delegation for Relations with Australia.

At the 2009 European Parliament elections, Zīle was the top candidate for the For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK ticket. He was elected and became MEP in June 2009. Due to the departure of several parties, the Union for Europe of the Nations group was terminated. Zīle thereafter joined the British Conservative party's initiated European Conservatives and Reformists group (ECR), whose largest members include the British Conservative Party, the Czech Civic Democratic Party and the Polish Law and Justice party. He is a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group Executive. Zīle currently has been working in the European Parliament's Transport and Tourism committee, the Delegation for Relations with the People's Republic of China, and, as a substitute, in the Economic and Monetary Affairs committee. He was also active in the temporary Special Committee on the Financial and Economic Crisis, created in 2009.

The creation of the ECR brought TB/LNNK and Zīle into the political media spotlight in Britain. Left-wing British politicians including the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, David Miliband and Denis MacShane criticised the activities and views of Zīle and his party. Miliband wrote of TB/LNNK "its members attend commemorations for the Waffen-SS". In a response, Shadow Foreign Secretary William Hague demanded an apology to TB/LNNK and the Latvian government from Miliband, describing his remarks as recycling "false Soviet propaganda" and noting that "the majority of parties forming Latvia’s current Government including the Prime Minister’s party, have attended the commemoration of Latvians who fought in the Second World War". Zīle himself wrote a response in the left-wing Guardian newspaper: "I am proud of the new European Conservatives and Reformists group we have formed in the European parliament. Its foundations are strong, and the more bile and mud thrown by the leftwing press and domestic opponents, the more united and resolved we have become".

Academic activities
During his career, Zīle has represented Latvia in a variety of international scientific projects, including programmes developed by the FAO, OECD and the European Commission ACE programme. He has published articles and research papers on property rights and agricultural policy issues in the United States of America, Australia, Norway, Finland, Hungary, Slovakia and Germany.

Political and social activities
Zīle began his political activities as a member of the 18th November Association, Latvian Citizen's Congress and Union "For Fatherland and Freedom". Simultaneously, he was also active in the Popular Front of Latvia. He is one of the founders of the Economists Association 2010, which was launched in 1994. The association was created to stimulate economic growth of the national economy and to educate the public on economy issues. The association is widely known due to its connection with the Spīdola Award. At the moment, Zīle is a member of the board of the association.

Zīle has been a member of the board of the "Foundation for the Development of Public Ideas -- Think!" ("Domā!") since 2012. The objective of the foundation is to offer and introduce new ideas for the political, economic and social life in Latvia and the EU, based on nationally conservative values. Zile has managed or partly managed three of the conferences organized by the foundation - on the unemployment and quality of life of the Latvian youth in May 2012, on conservative values in the modern world in October 2012, and on drivers of energy sector in the Baltics.

Zīle has participated in numerous public guest lectures in universities in Latvia on topics related to the economy and politics of the European Union, as well as various conferences on macroeconomic and energy related issues in the European Parliament.

Prior to the 9th Saeima elections Zīle developed an extensive economic reform program (sometimes called Zīle's program), designed to prevent a looming real estate crisis and to create a socially equitable tax system in Latvia, which would be oriented towards productive investments.

In the European Parliament, Zīle's current agenda is focused on issues related to the EU transport policy, especially the "Rail Baltica" railway project; overcoming the economic crisis; the economic governance of the EU and solving banking issues; energy, especially ensuring the energy independence of the Baltic countries from Russia.

In Latvian domestic affairs, Zīle has been continuing activities focused on ensuring the long term macroeconomic stability and overhaul of the tax system. His objective is to prevent the creation of a new banking and real estate bubble based on non-resident activities, as well as to decrease the tax burden on labour, especially low income households and families with children. He also advocates tax increase on capital gains and income from speculative activities with real estate, as well as calls for a state aid for the acquisition of residence for new families.

title: Roberts Zīle


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wikibility

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 21:44, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

Wikibility
The article is about a non-notable research study being done by some Cal Poly students. They seem to want people to use the article to comment on their experience using Wikipedia. Dave6 08:37, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't see how this can be developed into a full article. — Brim 09:19, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think this could be placed on the user (User:Redstar918's) home page, I suggested that on their talk page. Kappa 11:34, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. People can test wikipedia already. Redirect to Sandbox if necessary. — Asbestos | Talk 12:26, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-encyclopedic on so many levels. It's signed (which hasn't been apropos for quite awhile here at WP) and seems to be encouraging people to edit the article with their wikipedia experiences, guestbook-style I suppose. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  15:44, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Move, To that user page. Otherwise delete. Inter 15:47, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to a user subpage, which is where this belongs. Leave the resulting redirect for the moment, but list it on redirects for deletion so in time it goes, and meantime doesn't disrupt what I'm assuming is a good faith project. Andrewa 16:14, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Move and list redirect for deletion, per Andrewa. Very annoying. I'm assuming he's going to invite Cal Poly people to play in the sandbox he's created in our main article space. As good guys, we might as well let him do this in his user space, even though Wikipedia is not a free Wiki host and it's not utterly clear that what's he's doing is directly relevant to our purposes. We probably should contact him and insist that any brilliant UI improvements he comes up with be properly licensed so they could be incorporated into MediaWiki. It was rather discourteous of him to do this without even trying to contact the community via the Village Pump and asking. Dpbsmith (talk) 16:24, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this is not an article and could be speedied. Wyss 19:17, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, users can add to their user pages, and advertise via community pages etc. Rich Farmbrough 19:50, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete outright. There isn't so much here that the user can't recreate it himself in his User space. Furthermore, the article is nonsense, and it is hard to believe that such a moronic project is connected with a university-level course.  Even if Cal Poly is not a very prestigious school, surely its courses are not so easy that you can get credit for such stupidity.  The experience of working on the Wikipedia is not even remotely captured by hacking on some arbitrary text and reporting your subjective reactions. Anyway the students didn't need a special sandbox on Wikipedia for that.  Almost any wiki software on a PC with an internet connection would have served as well.  --BM 22:37, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and don't let the User recreate it in his/her User space. The User space is not a chat board.  RickK
 * Delete - shallow nonsense of no note Brookie 15:26, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Camp Delta (Guantanamo Bay)

Camp Delta is a permanent American detainment camp at Guantanamo Bay that replaced the temporary facilities of Camp X-Ray. Its first facilities were built between 27 February and mid-April 2002 by Navy Seabees, Marine Engineers, and workers from Halliburton subsidiary Kellogg, Brown and Root. It is composed of detention camps 1 through 6, Camp Platinum, Camp Iguana, the Guantanamo psychiatric ward, Camp Echo and Camp No. The prisoners, referred to as detainees, have uncertain rights due to their location not on American soil. There are allegations of torture and abuse of prisoners.

Most of the security forces are U.S. Army military police and U.S. Navy Masters-at-Arms.

The camps have different amenities and levels of comfort. Detainees are quartered in different parts of Camp Delta according to their level of cooperation with guards and interrogators, with the exception of newly arriving detainees who always go to maximum security in Camp 3. Thereafter, cooperative detainees are moved to Camp 2 and then Camp 1 as rewards for cooperation. When detainees cooperate and are thought to show no security risk they can be moved to the buildings of Camp 4, which have a shower and lavatory, plus four communal living rooms for 10 detainees each. In Camp 4, each detainee has a bed and a locker. Camp 4 detainees may eat their meals together, instead of alone in their own cells as in the other camps, and Camp 4 detainees are set apart by their white jump suits, in contrast to the orange worn by detainees in other camps. In addition to these benefits, detainees are also allowed special meal supplements to their diets, along with longer shower periods and longer exercise periods.

Camp one
Camp one is one of the camps where the United States held detainees classified as "enemy combatants in extrajudicial detention". Although the camp was reported to have been closed, Human Rights Watch reported in June 2008 that it currently houses non-compliant detainees. At that time they said the camp held 25 detainees in adjacent cells.

Camp three
Camp three is one of the camps that held detainees classified as "enemy combatants in extrajudicial detention."

Although the camp was closed in 2006, Human Rights Watch reported in June 2008 that it was then used to house half a dozen non-compliant detainees who had to be housed in isolation. The detainees' cells were sufficiently isolated from one another that they could not see one another.

Camp four
Camp four is the camp that most closely resembles a traditional Prisoner of War camp. Captives held there live in communal dormitories, and have day long access to communal exercise yard, games, and books.

Camp authorities only allow the captives they considered "compliant" to stay in camp four and they are allowed to wear white or tan uniforms which distinguish them from the orange uniforms "non-compliant" captives wear.

Camp five

According to Commander Jeff Hayhurst, deputy commander of the Guard force, "...the camp opened in 2004, cost $17.5 million. It's modeled on a max security facility in Terre Haute, Indiana." The camp was built by Kellogg, Brown and Root. Hayhurst said that the camp was used to hold the most non-compliant detainees.

In September 2006, National Public Radio reported that the camp could hold 100 detainees, and was about half full.

Initially the press was told the fourteen "high value detainees" transferred from CIA custody on 5 September 2006 were held in Camp five. But they were in fact held in a small, secret, ultra high security facility – Camp seven.

The Department of Defense reports that Mohammad Ahmed Abdullah Saleh Al Hanashi committed suicide in camp five on 1 June 2009.

Camp Five Echo
Camp Five Echo is a "disciplinary block" for "non-compliant" prisoners. Lawyers claim that the cells are too small to be regarded as humane, that the toilets are inadequate, the lights are too bright and the air in the cells is foul. The cells are only half the size of the cells in Camp Five and have squat toilets in the floor instead of standard prison toilets. David Remes described Camp Five Echo in 2011 as violating the Geneva Conventions, and called it "a throwback to the bad old days at Guantánamo."

Camp six
Camp Six, constructed by Halliburton, was modeled on US Federal medium-security penitentiaries.

It was constructed to have individual cells that surrounded and looked in on a communal mess area, where it was planned compliant detainees could interact for part of the day. However, while the building was still under construction, the decision was made to confine all detainees to their cells, except when they were taken to shower, taken for solitary exercise, or for official business. The communal areas were left unused. This transformed the facility to a high-security facility.

In April 2010 The Guardian published a photo essay that showed that a TV had been installed in the common areas. Detainees were shackled to the floor during their TV privileges.

Camp seven
Camp Seven, also known as Camp Platinum, is an isolated outpost, strictly off-limits from the Pentagon's media tour. A group of six mostly military lawyers representing prisoners at Camp seven concluded in February 2012 that the conditions at the camp fall short of the minimum guarantees of humane treatment under the Geneva Conventions.

Prisoner torture
In a 2005 interview, Erik Saar, an Arabic translator, said that Camp Delta prisoners were subjected to sexual interrogation techniques and physically assaulted by "snatch squads"; in one such case, a prisoner's arm was broken. He said that during an initial reaction force training, one U.S. soldier posing as a prisoner was beaten to the point of brain damage. Saar also told that Camp Delta employees deliberately ignored the Geneva Conventions.

In November 2007, WikiLeaks published a leaked document called "Camp Delta Standard Operating Procedures". The 238-page document includes rules for dealing with hunger strikes, as well as instructions on psychologically manipulating prisoners, intimidating them with the use of military dogs, and burying dead Muslim detainees. American Civil Liberties Union lawyer Jamil Dakwar raised concerns over the fact that some detainees were hidden from representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

title: Camp Delta (Guantanamo Bay)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Darth Bask

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 21:44, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

Darth Bask
This is a Star Wars character from someone's home roleplaying game, not from any the movies or licensed spin-offs. As a consequence, it should be deleted. QuentinGeorge 08:38, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not encyclopedic, but a query: is this a character from someone's home role-playing campaign? Or is it a character introduced in the rulebooks of the Star Wars RPG? Makes no difference to my vote, but may to others. —Stormie 08:45, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no Google hits for Darth Bask so I doubt this is an official character in the spin-offs. — Brim 09:22, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not in the films, and so even if he did appear in some RPG somewhere, wouldn't deserve an article of his own. Suspect this is someone making it up themselves. Average Earthman 14:13, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as either non-canonical or hopelessly minor character. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 14:14, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, slash cruft. Wyss 19:16, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Expanded Universe (Star Wars). Megan1967 07:58, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Do not merge. This character is part of someone's home game, not part of the Star Wars Expanded Universe, so should not be added to the Expanded Universe (Star Wars) article. Taco Deposit | Talk-o to Taco
 * Delete. Apparent fanfic. -R. fiend 20:34, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Samgyeopsal

Samgyeopsal (lit. 'three-layer meat'), samgyeopsal-gui (삼겹살구이 lit. 'grilled three-layer meat'), or grilled pork belly is a type of gui (grilled dish) in Korean cuisine.

Etymology
Directly translated from Korean, samgyeop-sal (삼겹살) means "three layer flesh", referring to striations of lean meat and fat in the pork belly that appear as three layers when cut.

It is the part of the abdomen under the loin from the 5th rib or 6th rib to the hind limb. In Korea, the word samgyeop-sal, meaning "pork belly", often refers to samgyeop-sal-gui (grilled pork belly), in the same way that the word galbi, meaning "ribs", often refers to galbi-gui (grilled beef ribs). Gui refers to roasted, baked, or grilled dishes.

One can also find ogyeopsal (오겹살), with an o meaning "five" and "gyeop" meaning a layer. Ogyeop-sal includes the skin part of the pork belly, unlike samgyeop-sal where the skin is removed.

History
The first mention of the meat dish was in a Donga-ilbo article published on November 3, 1984, titled "How to Distinguish Between Good and Bad Meat", where the dish is called "segyepsal (세겹살)" instead of samgyeopsal. The word samgyeopsal only became an entry for the Standard Korean Language Dictionary after 1994.

Until the 1980s, the main type of meat the Koreans preferred was beef, but pork and chicken meat were encouraged at a national policy level as a good alternative as most of the cattle were used for agriculture and thus beef supplies were deficient. In response to government policies, chaebols, especially Samsung, started to run pork farms. Samsung later shut down the farms due to backlash from farmers worried that Samsung was attempting real estate speculation.

During the late 1980s to the 1990s, the dish became a popular menu along with Jokbal and sundae, as Samsung and Lotte entered the meat processing industry. The use of pork in traditional Korean cuisine such as Bossam or jeyuk-bokkeum focused on methods of hiding its smell with strong seasoning using spices such as ginger, garlic, and leek. After the smell problem was solved by scientific methods such as castration of pigs at the production level, the popularization of samgyeopsal became possible. In 1996, "daepae samgyeopsal", a samgyeopsal that is named because it is thinly cut like it was cut by a Plane (called "daepae" in Korean. A tool to cut wood), was invented. The Hoesik culture after the 1998 financial crisis also popularized the dish as part of the South Korean office cuisine. During the 2000s, beoljip samgyeopsal, which was named as such because the way the meat is cut resembled a beehive (beoljip in Korean) appeared. From 2005, the Jeju island culture of providing bigger portions of meat in geun (a traditional Korean unit that is equivalent to 600gs) instead of 100 grams, and the popularization of Jeju Black pig meat influenced the samgyeopsal culture.

Preparation
Thick, fatty slices of pork belly, sometimes with the skin left on and sometimes scored on the diagonal, are grilled on a slanted metal griddle or a gridiron at the diners' table, inset with charcoal grills or convex gas burners. Usually, diners grill the meat themselves, flipping and cutting them with tongs and scissors, and eat directly from the grill.

The meat is usually neither marinated nor seasoned, although marinated samgyeopsal in flavors such as ginseng, wine, garlic, herbs, curry, doenjang, and gochujang has gained popularity since the late 2000s. Slices of garlic, onions, green chili peppers, mushrooms, and kimchi are often grilled alongside using the fat trickling from the pork belly.

Common accompaniments for samgyeopsal include ssam vegetables such as lettuce, kkaennip (perilla leaves), ssammu (pickled radish paper) and dipping sauces such as ssamjang (made with seasoned mixture of chili paste and soy bean paste) and gireum-jang (made with sesame oil, salt, and black pepper), jangajji (soy sauce-pickled vegetables) such as myeongi-jangajji (pickled Siberian onion leaves) or yangpa-jangajji (pickled onions), kimchi, as well as sliced garlic, onions, and seasoned shredded scallions. Garlic, onions, and kimchi can be either grilled with the meat or consumed raw with the cooked meat. Mushrooms, such as button mushrooms or oyster mushrooms, are also grilled with the meat.

Consumption
Grilled meat is placed on fresh and/or pickled leaves of vegetables, with some ssamjang, and rolled up to make ssam (wrap) which is eaten in one mouthful. Any combination of accompaniments mentioned above can be added to the roll according to preference, most popularly sliced garlic.

Cooked rice, stews such as kimchi-jjigae and doenjang-jjigae, as well as naengmyeon (cold noodles), can be served as meals. Sometimes, leftover meat is mixed with rice, gim-garu (seaweed flakes), and seasonings to make bokkeum-bap (fried rice) at the end.

Samgyeopsal is often accompanied by, or accompanying (as anju) shots of soju. Somaek, a simple cocktail made by dumping a shot of soju into a glass of beer, is also a popular beverage consumed with samgyeopasal.

In culture
In South Korea, the third day of March is "Samgyeopsal Day", due to samgyeopsal's three-layered composition. According to a 2006 survey by National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, 85% of South Korean adults stated that their favourite slice of pork is the pork belly.

There is a myth in South Korea that eating Samgyeopsal protects humans from air pollution by particulates (sometimes translated as fine dust 미세먼지 in Korean). This is thought to have originated from the practice of Korean miners eating pork after an intensive mining operation. Contrary to the myth, samgyeopsal can rather help the absorption of chemicals in the particulates that are soluble in oil.

title: Samgyeopsal


text: Category:Welsh artists

title: Category:Welsh artists


text:
Tatjana Ždanoka

Tatjana Ždanoka (Татьяна Аркадьевна Жданок, Tatyana Arkadyevna Zhdanok; born 8 May 1950) is a Latvian politician and a Member of the European Parliament. She is co-chairwoman of the Latvian Russian Union and its predecessor parties (Equal Rights and For Human Rights in a United Latvia) since 1993. In 2024 she was accused of being a Russian intelligence agent since at least 2004.

From 1988 to 1989 she was one of the leaders of the Interfront, a political front organization opposing Latvia's independence from the Soviet Union and rapid market reforms. She remained active in the Communist Party of Latvia after January 1991, when the party leadership called for a coup against the government of the Latvian SSR (in opposition to a restoration of independence). In 1997, Ždanoka was elected to Riga municipal council, but was deprived of the mandate in the Council in 1999 and is prohibited from further nomination for election to the Latvian Parliament or local councils under Latvian law due to her former allegiance with the Communist Party after January 1991. Together with Alfrēds Rubiks, she is in the peculiar position of being restricted to European Parliament elections only. Government documents from 2024 linked her to the Russian FSB.

Biography
Tatyana Khesin was born in 1950 in Riga in the family of Soviet navy officer Arkady Khesin and mathematics teacher Tamara Ivanovna, and is of mixed Latvian Jewish-Russian origin. Much of Ždanoka's paternal family was killed by the Latvian Auxiliary Police in 1941 during the Holocaust. In 1975, she married Aleksandr Zhdanok, whom she divorced in the late 1980s.

In 1972, Ždanoka graduated from the Latvian State University with a degree in mathematics and started teaching mathematics at the university until 1990. In 1980, she gained the Candidate of Sciences degree in physics and mathematics and in 1992 a Doctor of Sciences degree in mathematics, both from the Latvian State University.

After the restoration of the independence of Latvia, Ždanoka applied for Latvian citizenship through naturalisation but was denied since her paternal grandmother had moved to St. Peterburg before World War I and not returned to Latvia before 1940. In 1996, after a lengthy legal battle Ždanoka finally acquired Latvian citizenship, blaming her difficulties on alleged anti-Semitism.

Latvian politics (1988–2004)
Ždanoka became politically active in the late 1980s during the perestroika, first as a member of the Popular Front, then as one of the leaders of the Interfront, a political organization opposing Latvia's independence from the Soviet Union. In 1989, she was elected to the Riga City Council, and in 1990, to the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR. From 1971 to 1991 Ždanoka was also a member of the Communist Party of Latvia, but maintains she was "not part of the party hierarchy."

From 1995 till 2004 Ždanoka was co-chairwoman of the Latvian Human Rights Committee (a member of FIDH). She has also been one of the leaders of Equal Rights since it foundation in 1993 and of the For Human Rights in United Latvia alliance.

In 1999, Ždanoka was banned from running for the Latvian parliament Saeima and deprived of her seat on Riga City Council, because she had participated in two seats of the Communist Party's Audit Committee after the party leadership called for a coup against the elected government of the Latvian SSR in January 1991. Subsequently, she sued Latvia in the European Court of Human Rights. Ždanoka argued that the Communist Party was still legal until September 1991 and she had remained because she believed the Communist Party would be part of the democratic, multi-party system and "considered it dishonest to leave one's party because of hard times."

Member of the European parliament (2004–2018)
With the court case pending, the Latvian parliament decided not to impose restrictions on former members of the Communist Party in the 2004 European Parliament election. Ždanoka was elected to the European Parliament in June 2004 and won the court case a few days later with a margin of 5-2. Latvia appealed the decision to the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights on the grounds that Latvia's emergence from totalitarian rule brought about by the occupation of Latvia had not been sufficiently taken into account, and on March 16, 2006, the court ruled 13-4 that Ždanoka's rights had not been violated.

In 2004, she ran successfully for MEP as a candidate of the largest Russian political bloc in Latvia becoming a member of the Greens–European Free Alliance fraction in the European Parliament. In 2005, Ždanoka became one of the founders of the EU Russian-Speakers' Alliance. She also won a seat in 2009.

On 11 March 2014, Ždanoka and her party organized a rally at the European Commission Representation in Riga in support of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, with about 200 participants. In May, Ždanoka proposed European Council to classify Ukrainian political bloc Right Sector as a terrorist organization. In response, Ukrainian Congress of Latvia petitioned Ministry of Justice of Latvia to declare the political activities of Ždanoka and her party as anti-constitutional.

A submission was made by another Latvian MEP, Kārlis Šadurskis, to the Latvian state prosecutor to investigate Ždanoka for undermining the Latvian state in her support for Russia. In his submission, Šadurskis pointed to her participation at events organised by "Essence of Time" that advocates the restoration of the USSR. The application of Šadurskis was rejected by Security Police who did not find a crime in Ždanoka's actions.

In 2016, Ždanoka voted against the European Parliament resolution of 23 November that condemned the use of disinformation and propaganda by Russia and Islamist terrorist organisations and called for strengthening EU's "strategic communication" task force, as well as investing more in awareness raising, education, online and local media, investigative journalism and information literacy. Prior to the vote she distributed a letter to other MEPs, saying that the resolution crosses "all red lines" and that Russia's state-sponsored news and information channels are no different to Western media that exhibit "double standards", recommending them to watch Russia Today and form their own opinion of the channel.

Return to Latvian politics (2018–2019)
In January 2018 Ždanoka left European Parliament and returned to Latvian politics with the intention of running in the 2018 Latvian parliamentary election in October. She was named Latvian Russian Union's number 1 candidate for Vidzeme Region, but was removed from the list of candidates by Latvia's Central Election Commission on the same basis that barred her from running in 1999. Ždanoka contested it in the Administrative District Court, but the court upheld the decision made by the Central Election Commission. Ždanoka applied to the European Court of Human Rights, which communicated her application to the Latvian government in 2021.

Member of the European parliament (2019-2024)
In the 2019 European Parliament election her party received 6.24% of the votes, which gave it one seat at the European Parliament that, again, was filled by Ždanoka who personally received 18,098 plusses and was crossed out 739 times. She started serving as vice-chairperson in the Petitions Committee and replacement member in the Employment and Public Affairs Committee and named youth and pre-pension employment, adoption of benefits for young families and equalization of social rights in the European Union as her priorities.

On 2 March 2022, she was one of 13 MEPs who voted against condemning the Russian invasion of Ukraine. For this she was eventually forced to leave the European Greens–European Free Alliance group. On 13 May, Ždanoka and six other people were detained in the at an unauthorized protest against the demolition of the Monument to the Liberators of Soviet Latvia and Riga from the German Fascist Invaders.

On 15 September 2022, she was one of 16 MEPs who voted against condemning President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua for human rights violations, in particular the arrest of Bishop Rolando Álvarez.

Views
Ždanoka has described herself as a social democrat "combining the good parts of socialism and capitalism". During perestroika, she advocated for economic reform within the Soviet Union and called the pro-independence Popular Front of Latvia "dangerously nationalistic". For a long time, she opposed the accession of Latvia to the European Union believing that "complete acceptance of the EU's rules would lead to the destruction of our industry and agriculture" and that Latvia should be a "financial bridge between the East and the West" but gave up her Euroscepticism after attending the 2000 New European Left Forum in Sweden. Ždanoka still continues opposing NATO and advocates for the Baltic region to retain its "historical closeness to Russia" as a way to avoid the "destruction of Russia and the whole region".

Ždanoka said that during the presidency of Boris Yeltsin she was "ashamed to admit" she was Russian, but "was no longer embarrassed for Russia and its leadership" when Vladimir Putin became president, although still critical of his state capitalism and corruption. She supports the recognition of Russian as an official language in Latvia and the European Union, pointing to the 9 million EU citizens who are native Russian speakers in the Baltic states and Southeast Europe.

Criticism
In 2020, Ždanoka, alongside her party members Miroslav Mitrofanov and Andrejs Mamikins, was included in the European Platform for Democratic Elections database of "biased observers" for backing disputed elections in Russia and separatist areas in Ukraine.

On March 5, 2019, State Security Service (SSS) launched a criminal procedure over incitement to ethnic hatred or discord for Ždanoka's remarks at a discussion organized by her at the European Parliament, where she likened the situation of ethnic Russians and Russian speakers in Latvia to Jews prior the World War II. The case was terminated by the SSS in 2020, for absence of any crime in Ždanoka's remarks.

Ždanoka's participation in the controversial 2014 Crimean referendum as an "international observer" in a trip paid by the European Union and her remarks in support of it were criticised by the president of the European Parliament Martin Schulz as "completely contradictory to the position of the European Parliament and the EU." Ždanoka responded by pointing out that Schulz is an MEP "just like she is", and that only her voters can tell her what to do. Co-chairwoman of the Greens/European Free Alliance Rebecca Harms called Ždanoka's actions and statements as "totally unacceptable" and "in complete and direct opposition with the very clear position the Greens/EFA group has taken since the outset on this issue", calling the European Free Alliance to expel Ždanoka from its ranks. Ždanoka's actions were also condemned by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Latvia Edgars Rinkēvičs, with Ministry's press secretary Kārlis Eihenbaums pointing out that Ždanoka did not to represent Latvia nor the EU, as she did not have any official authorization from either.

In 2024, a report from an investigative journalism website The Insider accused Ždanoka of being a spy for Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) since at least 2004.

title: Tatjana Ždanoka


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Navron

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:33, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Navron
This is a Star Wars character from someone's home roleplaying game, not from any the movies or licensed spin-offs. As a consequence, it is of no interest to anyone outside of this person's gaming group, and should be deleted. QuentinGeorge 08:42, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: It's not a home roleplaying game though, but from [Expanded Universe http://www.starwars.com/eu/] (RPG page). It is a licensed official product made by Wizards of the Coast. --Sketchee 20:44, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, not encyclopedic, but a query: is this a character from someone's home role-playing campaign? Or is it a character introduced in the rulebooks of the Star Wars RPG? Makes no difference to my vote, but may to others. —Stormie 08:45, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. — Brim 09:22, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as either non-canonical or hopelessly minor character. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 14:00, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The name of the country house in a Daphne du Maurier book that was made into a film starring Basil Rathbone. That's what Google tells me anyway (mind you, it also says it was the surname of the 5th President of Israel, which only goes to show how many people on the internet can't type, since that was Navon). The Expanded Universe Role-Playing Game character appears well, well down the list, and isn't notable separate from the game. Average Earthman 14:27, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The Expanded Universe (Star Wars) is considered canonical by Lucas et al. So I'd vote to merge a brief paragraph into a list of characters on the Expanded Universe page. — RJH 17:26, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, slash fiction cruft. Wyss 19:15, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge a reduced version into the game page. --Sketchee 20:44, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Expanded Universe (Star Wars). Megan1967 07:57, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Despite the fact the Star Wars RPG is an official product, there is no evidence that the character Navron, or either of the other two characters listed, exist outside the specific game being played by the contributor. This page should therefore not be merged into the Expanded Universe (Star Wars) page. Taco Deposit | Talk-o to Taco 16:03, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Apparent fanfic. -R. fiend 20:32, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Navron


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Blain Starhawk

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:37, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * This page cannot be deleted because of block-compress errors. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:37, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Blain Starhawk
Like the previous two pages, this is a Star Wars character from someone's home roleplaying game, not from any the movies or licensed spin-offs. As a consequence, it is of no interest to anyone outside of this person's gaming group, and should be deleted. QuentinGeorge 08:44, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

These three entries appear in no SW Official RPG Rulebook, and are from someone's home campaign. QuentinGeorge 08:48, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as above. —Stormie 08:57, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. — Brim 09:22, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as either non-canonical or hopelessly minor character. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 14:00, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as above. Inter 15:43, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep As any Star Wars character warrants salvation. (Seriously, Delete) --BenWilson 17:13, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge a brief paragraph on the Expanded Universe page or the Minor characters in Star Wars page. — RJH 17:31, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as slash fiction cruft. Wyss 19:14, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Expanded Universe (Star Wars). Megan1967 07:57, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Do not merge. This character is part of someone's home game, not part of the Star Wars Expanded Universe, so should not be added to the Expanded Universe (Star Wars) article. Taco Deposit | Talk-o to Taco
 * Delete. Fanfic. All google hits say nothing or are WP mirrors. All the information available is "Blain Starhawk a fictional character from the Star Wars Expanded Universe Role-Playing Game." Which apparently isn't even true. -R. fiend 20:30, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Drayneflete Revealed

Osbert Lancaster's Drayneflete Revealed (1949, published in the US as There'll Always be a Drayneflete 1950), is an illustrated book on architectural style.

It takes the form of a parody of an antiquarian study of an imaginary English town's development. This moves from its muddy Saxon origins — the Fleet River is the ancient river that runs in sewers under the City of London— and is profusely illustrated at each turn with Lancaster's caricature architectural views, always showing the same corner of Drayneflete, as it appears through history. Lancaster follows the changing fortunes of the architectural development from village to small city, and wittily captures the foibles and fashions of the inhabitants, all rendered in flawlessly deadpan camp.

Lancaster's Drayneflete may have taken its initial hints from a public lecture delivered in 1947 by Sir John Summerson outlining the issues in historic preservation that underlie Lancaster's comedy. Summerson described tongue-in cheek the typical English village's "laminations of architecture which would take a whole library of Mumfords to describe in detail:"
 * "The 'matrix' is medieval and a few Tudor gables jut out in the High Street; the one where Cromwell is conclusively proved not to have slept is an antique shop; another is the Nell Gwynne Cakery. These are the much-photographed 'old bits' The remainder of the High Street is 70 per cent Georgian—I should, perhaps, say 35 per cent, because the shopfronts have eaten up half the façades and sash windows peer over the enormous flashing fascias of the chain stores..."

Drayneflete is a fairly high-toned joke, that any reader with some experience of English architecture and the English county way-of-life and the style of English antiquarian notes about parish churches and curious village harvest traditions and the like will recognize. The sensibility resurfaced in Susan Sontag's famous 1964 Partisan Review essay and was broadened for general public consumption.

Drayneflete rated an entry in Robert Cowan's Dictionary of Urbanism. 2005 ISBN 0-9544330-0-9

The aesthetic of this haphazard jumble of a collage as an art in its own right, though seen in American contexts, was first set out by Robert Venturi and Robert A. M. Stern in the 1970s and has provided part of the context of post-Modernism.

title: Drayneflete Revealed


text:
Georgs Andrejevs

Georgs Andrejevs (30 October 1932 – 16 July 2022) was a Latvian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Latvian Way party; part of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party. He was the Foreign Minister of Latvia from 1992 to 1994.

Andrejevs died on 16 July 2022 in Riga, Latvia at the age of 89.

title: Georgs Andrejevs


text:
Category:Welsh historians

Please Note: Welsh historians (i.e. historians who are of Welsh ancestry) may or may not be historians of Wales.

title: Category:Welsh historians


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Irlam i16

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 21:46, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

Irlam i16

 * Appears to be advertising/spam. An obscure, obsolete product for an aging computer, all to provide a pointer to this driver update. --Dhartung | Talk 08:50, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - less than 39 Google hits, advertisement. Megan1967 09:14, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. — Brim 09:23, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weakish keep I happen to know some musicians in the UK still use these machines, especially to process MIDI. This information could be useful. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  15:50, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Whether this is deliberate Wikispam or just a review of an obscure driver update by an enthusiastic user isn't obvious to me, but either way it doesn't belong. Impressive list of Wikilinks though. Andrewa 15:56, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * That list just reflects its inclusion in Template:Opentask. I've now removed it. --Dhartung | Talk 18:16, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, WP not a DIY guide or driver database. Wyss 19:12, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Funhistory

 * User since 4 February 2005
 * 182 pages edited
 * 65 images uploaded (click here for a subpage of thumbnails)
 * 26 song samples uploaded

On April 24, 2016 I "was automatically updated from (none) to extended confirmed user."

Pages I Always Have Trouble Finding When I Need Them

 * Help:Table
 * Cite_sources/example_style
 * Extended_image_syntax
 * WikiProject_Albums

title: User:Funhistory


text:
Mari Mori

Mari Mori (森 茉莉) was a Japanese author, best known for writing male homosexual romances.

Early life and family
Mari Mori was born in Hongō, Tokyo. Her father was novelist Mori Ōgai.

Career
Mori won the Japan Essayist Club Award in 1957 for a collection of essays called My Father's Hat. She began a movement of writing about male homosexual passion (tanbi shousetsu, literally "aesthetic novels") in 1961 with A Lovers' Forest, 恋人たちの森 (koibito tachi no mori), which won the Tamura Toshiko Prize. Later works include I Don't Go on Sundays (1961) and The Bed of Dead Leaves (1962).

She was greatly influenced by her father; in A Lover's Forest, the older man can be seen as imbued with the same virtues and honor as she saw in her father. An older man and younger boy are trademarks of Mari Mori's work. The older man is extremely rich, powerful, wise, and spoils the younger boy. In The Lover's Forest, for example, the older man, Guido, is 38 or so, and Paulo is 17 or 18. (However, he is not yet 19, the age that Mori was when her father died). Paulo is extraordinarily beautiful, prone to lounge lazily, and has a lack of willpower in all but the field of his pleasure. (Guido dies when Paolo is 19, and Paulo subsequently falls in love with a man who's been waiting in the wings, another one just like Guido). New York University Professor Keith Vincent has called her a "Japanese Electra", referring to the Electra complex counterpart put forth by Carl Jung to Sigmund Freud's Oedipal complex.

In 1975 her novel The Room Filled with Sweet Honey (甘い蜜の部屋) won the 3rd Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature.

Personal life
Her first husband was Tamaki Yamada (1893-1943), an assistant professor of French literature and librarian at the Tokyo Imperial University who co-founded the University of Tokyo Buddhist Literature Department, whom she married in 1919 and divorced in 1927, having had two children. Her second husband was Akira Sato 佐藤彰.

Mori Mari died of heart failure on 6 June 1987.

Novels and essays

 * Chichi no bōshi (父の帽子), 1957
 * Kutsu no oto (靴の音), 1958
 * Nōkaishoku no sakana (濃灰色の魚), 1959
 * Koibito tachi no mori (恋人たちの森), 1961
 * Kareha no nedoko (枯葉の寝床), 1962
 * Zeitaku binbō (贅沢貧乏), 1963
 * Kioku no e (記憶の絵), 1968
 * Watashi no bi no sekai (私の美の世界), 1968
 * Amaimitsunoheya (甘い蜜の部屋), 1975

Posthumous publication

 * Besuto Obu dokkirichan'neru (ベスト・オブ・ドッキリチャンネル), 1994
 * Maria no kimagure kaki (マリアの気紛れ書き), 1995
 * Ma ri no hitorigoto (魔利のひとりごと), 1997
 * Binbō savu~aran (貧乏サヴァラン), 1998
 * Boyaki to ikari no Maria aru henshū-sha e no tegami (ぼやきと怒りのマリア ある編集者への手紙), 1998
 * Maria no unuborekagami (マリアのうぬぼれ鏡), 2000
 * Maria no kūsō ryokō (マリアの空想旅行), 2006
 * Mori mari watashi no naka no Arisu no sekai (森茉莉 私の中のアリスの世界), 2010
 * Kōcha to bara no hibi (紅茶と薔薇の日々), 2016
 * Zeitaku binbō no oshare jō (贅沢貧乏のお洒落帖), 2016
 * Kōfuku wa tada watashi no heya no naka dake ni (幸福はただ私の部屋の中だけに), 2017
 * Kuro neko Jurietto no hanashi (黒猫ジュリエットの話), 2017
 * Chichi to watashi ren'ai no yōna mono (父と私 恋愛のようなもの), 2018

Collections

 * Mori mari roman to essē (森茉莉・ロマンとエッセー), 1983-1983
 * Sēn mòlì quánjí (森茉莉全集), 1993-94

Illustrated books

 * Yōsei sofi ishikawa yōji shashin-shū (妖精ソフィ 石川洋司写真集), 1981
 * Watashi no binanshi-ron (私の美男子論), 1995

title: Mari Mori


text:
Valdis Dombrovskis

Valdis Dombrovskis (born 5 August 1971) is a Latvian politician serving as Executive Vice President of the European Commission for An Economy that Works for People since 2019 and European Commissioner for Trade since 2020. He previously served as European Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union from 2016 to 2020 and Prime Minister of Latvia from 2009 to 2014.

Dombrovskis served as Minister for Finance of Latvia from 2002 to 2004. He then served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the New Era Party from 2004 to 2009. He became the Prime Minister of Latvia 2009, serving until his resignation in 2014. He was Vice-President of the European Commission for the Euro and Social Dialogue from 2014 to 2019. Following the resignation of Lord Jonathan Hill, Dombrovskis served as European Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and the Capital Markets Union from 2016 to 2020. Following the resignation of Phil Hogan, it was announced that he would take over the portfolio for Trade.

Education and science career
Born in Riga to a family with Polish roots (the original Polish surname is Dąbrowski), Dombrovskis earned a bachelor's degree in economics for engineers from Riga Technical University in 1995 and a master's degree in physics from the University of Latvia in 1996. He worked as a laboratory assistant at the Institute of Physics of the University of Mainz in Mainz, Germany, from 1995 to 1996, as an assistant at the University of Latvia's Institute of Solid-State Physics in 1997, and as a PhD student at the A. James Clark School of Engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park for electrical engineering in 1998.

Career in national politics
In 2002, Dombrovskis became a board member of the New Era Party. He was Minister of Finance from 2002 to 2004 and a Member of the Latvian Parliament during its 8th parliamentary term (2002–2004). Then he was Observer at the Council of the European Union (2003–2004).

Member of the European Parliament, 2004–2009
As Member of the European Parliament, Dombrovskis was a member of three European Parliament Committees: Committee on Budgets, Delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly. He is also a Substitute at Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, Committee on Budgetary Control and delegation to the EU-Kazakhstan, EU-Kyrgyzstan, and EU-Uzbekistan Parliamentary Cooperation Committees, and for relations with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia.

Dombrovskis was also one of six Members of the European Parliament participating in the European Union's observer mission in Togo for the October 2007 Togolese parliamentary election.

Prime Minister of Latvia, 2009–2014
On 26 February 2009, following the resignation of Ivars Godmanis, President Valdis Zatlers nominated Dombrovskis to succeed Godmanis as Prime Minister. It was believed that his government would consist of three of the four previously governing parties (all but Godmanis' LPP/LC), his own New Era Party, and a smaller right-wing party (the Civic Union); the government was approved on 12 March 2009.

Dombrovskis resigned as Prime Minister on 27 November 2013 following the Zolitūde shopping centre roof collapse in which 54 people were killed. He announced that a new government is needed with strong support in the parliament after the tragedy, considering all related circumstances. His spokesman said that "the government takes political responsibility for the tragedy". He denied the president had urged him to step down, stating that he had considered the decision for days and that the country needs government with strong support in parliament in the moment of crisis.

Member of the European Commission, 2014–present
In February 2014, Dombrovskis officially lodged his application to be the candidate of the centre-right European People's Party (EPP) for the presidency of the European Commission; shortly after he withdrew his candidacy to endorse Jean-Claude Juncker instead. The Latvian government later nominated Dombrovskis to be the country's European Commissioner.

Dombrovskis served as European Commission Vice-President for the Euro and Social Dialogue from 2014 to 2019. From July 2016, he was also in charge of the financial services portfolio formerly overseen by British Commissioner Jonathan Hill, who resigned after the Brexit vote. In addition, he has been serving as co-chair of the EPP Economic and Financial Affairs Ministers Meeting – alongside Petteri Orpo (2016-2019) and Paschal Donohoe (since 2019) – which gathers the center-right EPP ministers ahead of meetings of the Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN).

Following the 2019 European election, Dombrovskis was nominated by the coalition government of Prime Minister Arturs Krišjānis Kariņš for a second term as Latvia's European Commissioner. He subsequently decided to relinquish the seat he won in the election; he was succeeded by Inese Vaidere, also once again in 2024. Ursula von der Leyen has since proposed that Frans Timmermans, Margrethe Vestager and Dombrovskis all serve as Executive Vice-Presidents of the commission with Dombrovskis having responsibility for an "Economy that Works for People". As Vice-Presidents of the commission, Dombrovskis has been a co-chair of the Trade and Technology Council since its creation in 2021.

Supporter of the University of Latvia Foundation
Dombrovskis is a supporter of the University of Latvia Foundation. In 2018, he donated 1,500 euros, awarding 3 one-time Valdis Dombrovskis Excellence Scholarships to Bachelor of Science students of the University of Latvia.

Other activities

 * European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (since 2019)

Personal life
He is married to Ārija Dombrovska. The two have no children. Dombrovskis plays basketball and goes skiing in his freetime.

title: Valdis Dombrovskis


text:
Buro

Buro may refer to:

Places

 * Burao, a city in Somaliland

People

 * Burro Banton or Buro Banton, born Donovan Spalding (born 1956), Jamaican dancehall reggae deejay popular in the mid-1980s and 1990s
 * Edi Buro (born 1987), Bosnian footballer
 * John J. Buro, American sportswriter, author, screenwriter and lyricist

Food

 * Burong isda, fermented fish and rice in Filipino cuisine
 * Burong mangga, pickled mangoes in Filipino cuisine
 * Tapai, fermented rice known in some Filipino languages as buro ("pickled")

title: Buro


text:
Aldis Kušķis

Aldis Kušķis (born 6 October 1965, in Riga) is a Latvian politician. From 2004 till 2009 he was Member of the European Parliament for the New Era Party; part of the European People's Party.

title: Aldis Kušķis


text:
User:Joerg Kurt Wegner/To Do

What's next:
 * TODOs
 * Create overview for Category:Hypothesis testing, Category:Analysis of variance, Category:Statistical tests
 * update Virtual high throughput screening
 * change layout of German user page
 * Tools
 * PDFCreator
 * Scribus
 * I am a Wikipedian stuff
 * How to archive a talk page
 * Warn Wikipedia vandals using templates
 * Template messages
 * Template messages/User talk namespace
 * WP:VAND
 * WP:SPAM
 * Template substitution
 * Edit counters
 * edit counter

title: User:Joerg Kurt Wegner/To Do


text: Category:British criminals

title: Category:British criminals