text: Category:Communes of Lot-et-Garonne

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Communes of Lot-et-Garonne


text:
Sepp Herberger

Josef "Sepp" Herberger (28 March 1897 – 28 April 1977) was a German football player and manager. He is most famous for being the manager of the West Germany national team that won the 1954 FIFA World Cup final, a match later dubbed The Miracle of Bern, defeating the overwhelming favourites from Hungary. Previously he had also coached the Breslau Eleven, one of the greatest teams in German football history.

Early life and career
Born in Mannheim, Herberger grew up in a poor, Catholic family of farmers, which moved to Mannheim in order to work in the local Saint-Gobain glass factory.

He later played three times for the German football team between 1921 and 1925 before becoming assistant to Otto Nerz in 1932. Herberger succeeded him as national coach after Germany's uninspired loss to Norway in quarter finals at the 1936 Olympics. After the war, he had a short spell as interim coach with Eintracht Frankfurt, before being recalled as national team coach in 1950. He remained the position until 1964, when he was succeeded by Helmut Schön. He died of pneumonia in Weinheim-Hohensachsen (de), aged 80.

1954 World Cup win, "The Miracle of Bern"
Hungary was the overwhelming favourite to win the 1954 World Cup. Its legendary Golden Team, also known as the Mighty Magyars, had not lost a match in four years. They were the reigning Olympic Champion and had won the Central European International Cup in 1953. Once the World Cup started, Hungary had been dominant, outscoring their opponents 17–3 in their two group games while West Germany had been outscored 9–7. In their match against each other, Hungary had won 8–3. The final was played in heavy rain. Hungary scored an early goal and minutes later doubled their lead. Germany pulled one back within two minutes, and equalized eight minutes after that. Hungary had more chances the rest of the way, but was unable to score. West Germany scored with six minutes left in the match to win 3–2. Among Herberger's moves credited with helping the team in the final are: fielding a below strength and largely out-of-position team in the first match against Hungary, to disguise the team's strengths; giving Fritz Walter defensive help, so he could concentrate his energies on attacking; and instructing his team to attack the Hungarian penalty area from the wings, instead of down the middle.

References in popular culture
Three of Herberger's popular sayings are quoted in the beginning of the 1998 film Run Lola Run. The first is at the very beginning of the film (Nach dem Spiel ist vor dem Spiel, "After the game is before the game"). The second quote is "Der Ball ist rund und das Spiel dauert 90 Minuten"," says a character later introduced as a security guard at the bank in which Lola visits her father. Both of which is a commonly used amalgamation of two separate famous quotes.

The 2003 film, The Miracle of Bern, following Herberger and his team's path to victory in the 1954 World Cup, also features a number of these quotations including the amalgamation of two of the above, "The ball is round and the game lasts for 90 minutes" (Der Ball ist rund und das Spiel dauert 90 Minuten).

Controversy
Herberger joined the Nazi Party in 1933. His nomination to the Germany's Sports Hall of Fame in 2008 caused some criticism because of his Nazi past.

As a player
VfR Mannheim
 * South German Championship: 1925

As a manager
West Germany
 * FIFA World Cup: 1954

Individual

 * World Soccer 20th Greatest Manager of All Time: 2013

Filmography

 * The Big Game (1942)

title: Sepp Herberger


text:
Shelfanger

Shelfanger is a village situated about 3 miles from the town of Diss in Norfolk, England. There is a church and a village hall in the village. It covers an area of 6.99 km2 and had a population of 362 in 150 households at the 2001 census, the population increasing to 378 at the 2011 census.

In years gone by there was a school, a post office, a pub, three shops, a blacksmiths and a garage run by a family of brothers called Bowman. These have all now been closed down. Josh Kirby (died 2001), an artist lived there.

History
The villages name means 'Shelf wood'.

This village has been previously recorded as Scelvangra, Schelfangyll, Shelfangles, Shelfhangre and Shelfhanger, though the significance of its name is largely unknown. In 1603, it had 142 communicants and in 1736 had nearly 40 dwellinghouses, and contained about 200 inhabitants.

title: Shelfanger


text: Category:Communes of Cantal

title: Category:Communes of Cantal


text:
Talk:Risk (Futures)

I can find no evidence that Market risk is the risk usually faced by futures traders. There are three links provided that includes a definition, none of which say anything at all about market risk. Risk in futures is NOT limited to market risk. GT

prices move first, fundamentals come second.

title: Talk:Risk (Futures)


text:
Boise (disambiguation)

Boise is the capital of the U.S. state of Idaho.

Boise may also refer to:
 * Boise, Texas
 * Boise, Portland, Oregon
 * Boise City, Oklahoma
 * Boise County, Idaho
 * Boise (CL-47), a light cruiser commissioned in 1938
 * Boise (SSN-764), a Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine
 * Boise National Forest, a US national forest north and east of the city of Boise, Idaho
 * Boise River

People with the surname

 * Reuben P. Boise (1819-1907), former chief justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
 * Charles Watson Boise (1884-1964), mining engineer and a sponsor of Louis Leakey

title: Boise (disambiguation)


text: Category:Communes of Côte-d'Or

title: Category:Communes of Côte-d'Or


text:
Talk:Eric Clapton

Semi-protected edit request on 15 April 2024
change 18 Grammy awards to 17 Grammy awards DylanLow108 (talk) 10:13, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made.  (talk | contribs) 14:10, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Sorry, here: https://www.grammy.com/artists/eric-clapton/11243 DylanLow108 (talk) 16:01, 29 May 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 June 2024
I would like to add to Eric Clapton’s music which is featured in movies and media.

Eric Clapton’s song Cocaine was featured in the movie Lord Of War featuring Nicolas Cage. The scene where the song is played in the movie is easily found on YouTube.

Please credit myself for the edit. Kind regards, Wayne Wayneshanmugam (talk) 16:24, 13 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Lightoil (talk) 18:53, 13 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Also, WP:TRIVIA:
 * Cultural references about a subject should not be included simply because they exist. A Wikipedia article may include a subject's cultural impact by summarizing its coverage in reliable secondary or tertiary sources (e.g., a dictionary or encyclopedia). A source should cover the subject's cultural impact in some depth; it should not be a source that merely mentions the subject's appearance in a movie, song, television show, or other cultural item.

 * WP:NOTTVTROPES, WP:TRIVIALMENTIONS. --Nicknack009 (talk) 19:37, 13 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eric Clapton


text:
Eurotiales

The Eurotiales are an order of sac fungi, also known as the green and blue molds. It was circumscribed in 1980.

Classification
Currently the order Eurotiales contains 5 families, 28 genera and 1280 species:
 * Family Aspergillaceae Link [=Monascaceae J. Schröt.]
 * Aspergillago – 1 species
 * Aspergillus – 428 species
 * Dichlaena – 4 species
 * Hamigera – 9 species
 * Leiothecium – 2 species
 * Monascus – 38 species
 * Penicilliopsis – 15 species
 * Penicillium – 467 species
 * Phialomyces – 5 species
 * Pseudohamigera – 1 species
 * Pseudopenicillium – 3 species
 * Sclerocleista – 2 species
 * Xerochrysium – 2 species
 * Xeromyces – 1 species
 * Family Elaphomycetaceae Tul. ex Paol.
 * Elaphomyces – 101 species
 * Pseudotulostoma – 2 species
 * Family Penicillaginaceae Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
 * Penicillago – 4 species
 * Family Thermoascaceae Apinis
 * Paecilomyces – 10 species
 * Thermoascus – 5 species
 * Family Trichocomaceae E. Fisch.
 * Acidotalaromyces – 1 species
 * Ascospirella – 1 species
 * Dendrosphaera – 1 species
 * Evansstolkia – 1 species
 * Rasamsonia – 11 species
 * Sagenomella – 8 species
 * Talaromyces – 149 species
 * Thermomyces – 6 species
 * Trichocoma – 2 species

title: Eurotiales


text:
RTT

RTT may refer to:

Computing and communications

 * Real-time text, text transmitted as it is generated
 * Régie des Télegraphes et Téléphones, a Belgian telecom company (now Proximus Group)
 * Render to Texture, in computer graphics
 * Round-trip time, in telecommunications

Entertainment

 * Radio and Television of Montenegro (formerly Radio-Televizija Titograd), a public broadcaster
 * Real-time tactics, a genre of strategy game
 * Télévision Tunisienne 1, a TV channel (formerly RTT 1966–1983)

Government and military

 * Race to the Top, a US federal education grant (2010–2013)
 * Recapture Tactics Team, a US Marine Corps specialist unit (formed 1987)

Transport

 * Realtime Trains, a British rail service tracker (launched 2012)
 * River Trade Terminal, an inland port in Hong Kong (founded 1996)

Other uses

 * Rett syndrome, a neurological disorder
 * Rooftop tent

title: RTT


text: Category:Communes of Corse-du-Sud

title: Category:Communes of Corse-du-Sud


text: Category:Communes of Savoie

title: Category:Communes of Savoie


text:
Wikipedia talk:Descriptive image tagging

Sex and nudity

 * The sex category is way too broad. For a start nudity does not equal sex. There is a big difference the two - the image at Nudism matches the first 5 points but it has nothing to do with sex. It would also result in the image at Speedo (suit style) being tagged as a sex image.
 * Even nudity won't do. Is someone wearing only one sock on nude? Strictly, no, but I assume we're looking for a category that would include that too... --fvw *  20:56, 2005 Feb 4 (UTC)
 * I think that people would understand nudity to mean a state of a certain part of the body being unclothed, else we would need to have some contrived title. I agree with 'sex' being inappropriate, as nudity can very easily be non sexual, and for instance a school or library would want to filter all sexual content, without restricting nudity. However, would you consider 'passionate kissing' as being sexual, as I am pretty sure that under some rating schemes it is classified as such. I --Neo 19:40, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The goal of this system is to be as objective as possible, and catagorizing "nudity" under "sex" is just a way of making the "nudity" tag easy to find.
 * Classifying "nudity" under "sex" is not objective - indeed it may be very offensive to some. Thryduulf 22:53, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Is the current title better? --Carnildo 21:06, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The title is more reflective of its contents, but I still think that sex and nudity should be separate top-level entries. I'm not a fan of the human body descriptor for a category such as this though, as you will get pictures such as that at elbow and ear categorised under that system and censored as a result of a policy that blocks nudity. Thryduulf 23:28, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I doubt it. Which of the tags in the "Sexuality/Human body" section applies to Image:Ear.jpg? --Carnildo 00:46, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * None. However, if the category is spearate from Sexuality (as imo it should be) I can see people tagging those images as "Human Body". Thryduulf 09:07, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * They won't be tagging the image as "human body". The category headings are not tags.  What they will be tagging it as is one or more of "Visible male genitals" "Visible female genitals", "Uncovered buttocks", "Uncovered breasts", "Bare male torso", "Naked male", "Naked female", "Sexual act (humans)", "Sexual act (animals)", "Sex toys", or "Sex toys in use", clearly none of which apply to Image:Ear.jpg. --Carnildo 20:48, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, that makes sense now. However I still think that you should separate nudity and sex. Thryduulf 21:11, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Violence/death/medical
Thryduulf 09:52, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The Violence/death/medical category is also too broad imho, and Blood/gore is just too vague a term. There is difference between a picture of a medical operation, a picture of disease symptoms, and pictures of dead people/animals. The images at Measles, Surgery, Funeral, Blood, and the second picture at Road fauna could all receive the same tag.
 * If you want to tag religions separately you will need more categories than that. What about Buddism, Hinduism, Bahá'í Faith etc. Christianity may be too broad - Catholocism and Scientology are very different denominations.

 * The categories are mainly to make selecting the appropriate descriptions easier, so if, for example, the image you're tagging contains only a naked woman, you can skip the "death/violence/medical" group entirely. The "violence", "death", and "medical" groups are combined just because separating them is too difficult -- is a dead body that's been cut open the result of violence, or the result of a medical procedure?  The religion tags are just for the religions that I could think of right off-hand that had prohibitions on "graven images".

 * As for specific examples:
 * Image:H9991083.jpg would be tagged as "disease symptom, photo"
 * Image:Brewster dr splatt2.jpg would be tagged as "dead animal, photo"
 * Image:Redbloodcells.jpg would not be tagged
 * Image:20000 graveyard.jpg would probably not be tagged, as no dead body is actually visible. If it was, it would be "dead human, painting".
 * Image:Surgery pd.jpg would probably not be tagged, as just about everything is obscured.
 * Image:goatse screenshot.jpg would be tagged "visible male genitals, uncovered buttocks, bare male torso, photo"

 * --Carnildo 18:08, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Best idea so far
If there is going to be a sitewide policy on such images, this is probably the best idea I've seen. Maurreen 05:06, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Looks good to me, on a first look. I'd hope that inline image 'guidelines' can be relaxed if this is implemented, though it looks like a decent idea even if that isn't done. I guess one way to approach it is to think of any image that a decent number of POV people might consider offensive, and find a tag to NPOV describe it. Which is probably what's being done. --SPUI (talk) 00:51, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Alcohol
We might also want an 'alcohol' category under 'other'. --SPUI (talk) 00:56, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * What sort of "alcohol" category would you recommend? Remember, it needs to be something that is an objective description of image contents. --Carnildo 01:05, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Alcohol bottles? I'm just thinking along the lines of what a school might want to censor. Same for drugs (not just 'drug apparatus'). We'd have to define which drugs. --SPUI (talk) 11:38, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * with the alcohol you have the potential difficulty in language. In the UK cider is what Americans term hard cider - in the UK the distinction between differen types of apple juice is not made. Similarly to the drugs issue below, Absinthe is legal in the UK but illegal in the USA (its more complicated than this, but see the article for details). Thryduulf 12:31, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * re drugs, an organisation might want to treat aspirin, viagra, cannabis, nicotine and Rohypnol differently. I don't know how we'd categorise these. Legal vs illegal wont do as cannabis is legal in The Netherlands but illegal in the UK. Thryduulf 12:31, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * How about the following tags:
 * Recreational drugs
 * Medicinal drugs
 * Cannabis/marijuana
 * Tobacco
 * Alcohol
 * where the distinction between medicinal and recreational is whether the drug is approved for treating a non-drug-related medical condition. --Carnildo 18:08, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * As quite a few drugs can be medicinal and recreational, perhaps we could specify that medicinal drugs are in a government (which government is irrelevant assuming it approves drugs - for instance the FDA) approved container, or are explicitaly the contents of such a container (for instance the highly recognisable viagra tablets, although any self-certified image would be adequat). --Neo 12:15, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * We should make it clear that the categorisation relates to current useage, not historical, as the status of some has changed hugely over the years. (e.g. laudanum) Thryduulf 13:29, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I think this is a great idea
I think this is a great idea. Basically, different people have differnet boundaries about what kinds of images they find acceptable, either for themselves or for their children. For example, someone at work may wish to deactivate all images of nudity, drugs, and overt violence. Another person, say a horny 14-year-old, may wish to see only pictures of female full nudity. Descriptive image tagging allows one to see or not see the images they want to see, allowing people to set their own boundaries, instead of having Wikipedia set up boundaries, something which will be inheritly POV and will be an endless edit war where consensus will never be reached. Samboy 07:20, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Is there really a problem? Recent consensus says, "no"
In the recent poll at Graphic and potentially disturbing images, the majority (by a pretty wide margin) agreed to the statement, "do nothing now, as there's not really a problem now."

In that debate, I took a look at actual examples (and you can see a verbose attempt at tagging in my write-up). (See ) I would support a neutral scheme like that you suggest, except that it appears to be overkill. The most elegant solution (and current consensus) appears to be to leave this alone. --Chris vLS 22:22, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I oppose tagging for content
As it stands, I belive that nudity tagging may be used by opressive governments to identify people who viewing nude images. Thus, any tag which can be read in the Wikipedia data flow may be used to opress people who view the images. This is not to say that I oppose some way for users to avoid disgusting images, but tagging doesn't seem to be safe for this. Can someone suggest a way of tagging where nobody could detect whether the tags were actually sent to the end user? How can we ensure that tags aren't used for censorship between Wikipedia and the end user? How can we ensure that the tags can never be collected and used by censorship organisations? Mozzerati 22:31, 2005 Feb 14 (UTC)

 * That's the advantage of this system. Because the tags are Wikipedia-internal, it is possible to set up filtering in the Wikipedia software, so images are filtered without the actual tags ever leaving the Wikipedia servers. --Carnildo 22:57, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The choice to turn on or off a particular tag will still be in the data stream. In particular, if a user finds an image blocked and unblockes it by changing a preference, that will be possible to see.  I've started gathering the risks to try to do a proper analysis and then (later) see what can be done about each of these threats.  Any other suggestions welcome Mozzerati 21:50, 2005 Feb 20 (UTC)

 * So what you're asking for is a miracle or a telepathic input device attached to the Wikipedia servers? If this is a serious risk, then we could use encrypted https for setting preferences, but I think a government willing to go to the level of effort needed to tap and interpret even an unencrypted preferences change is more likely to be doing searches of hard drives or spot-checks of image downloads.  If we want to go to that level of censorship paranoia, then our best bet is to offer secure http access to Wikipedia. --Carnildo 22:23, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * nope, what I'm saying is that there are a bunch of associated risks. I guess that these are too complex to be worth handling.  More importantly, I am guessing that the people who do the implementation will be more concerned with getting it done and working than handling these.  I'd like to see each one analysed and agreement made to handle it.  If it turns out not to have been handled, then the whole project should be reversed.
 * HTTPS access to preferences is one thing (and a good answer; it should be a requirement; this could be quite low cost and effective), but another thing is how do we protect the database of preferences which now has to be stored on a central server.  I bet it can be used to work out the list of "muslims who like pictures of naked men" which could be used for blackmail.  There are a whole bunch of these risks which need to be listed and mitigated.  Where we can't mitigate them sufficiently then we have to abandon the project.  The fact that supporters of the proposal don't seem willing to do so forces me to point blank opposition.
 * My opposition is bad since I have become convinced that there is "encyclopedic" material which I would like to block myself. I really have no need to see the goatse picture ever again and yet I might be interested to see the article to find out what happened to the domain registration.  Mozzerati 20:46, 2005 Feb 21 (UTC)

I favor image tagging
A weakness of Wikipedia is that society at large has standards of, er, decency. The no-holds-barred editorial policy of Wikipedia's formative years must eventually acknowledge the needs of the wider body of encyclopedia consumers. For every Wikipedian who feels free to edit occasionally (or incessantly!), there are dozens and possibly hundreds who do nothing more than view pages. We're also thinking of issuing a print edition.

Any system must reconcile two interests which (at first glance) are at odds.
 * 1) Writers and artists want their works to be included and made available world wide. Similarly, readers all over the world want access to the unvarnished truth.
 * 2) Some parties, such as parents of small children or ideology-based governments, evince a need to "protect" some or all from immoral, subversive, shocking, etc. things.

I am confident that a suitable system of tags can be proposed and implemented which satisfies both groups.

I myself would like to be able to click on an image once, and then never see it again. Whether this means I get a browser cookie, or the database adds a record in a table is immaterial. Either option is technically feasible, and has no effect on others.

Also, a prominent body might want to establish a "we think this is best omitted" tag, kind of like the MPAA's system of rating films: (G, PG-13, R, NC-17). We already have the ability to add category tags to articles about films. Why not give users an option to hide articles which are in a certain category?

 * Some users may disdain the "tame" films which are rated G: ''Yuch! Who wants to see Barney and Power Rangers"
 * Some users may be unable to stomach NC-17 films like Basic Instinct; or even might want to skip all the R-rated films.

Imagine being able to filter out ALL links to objectionable material - stuff YOU have indicated that you want hidden from yourself. No images of Muhammed or Jesus (for devout Muslims who regard such things as sinful). No graphically violent or "excessively sexy" images for us, er, prudes.

Meanwhile, everyone else could see it without even being aware of the tags! -- Uncle Ed (talk) 15:51, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, this page is pretty dead; but I think that was nicely put, Ed. +sj +

 * Agreed. Take a look at the Actual Examples section of Graphic and potentially disturbing images.  It shows three things: 1) decent tags aren't that hard to come up with, 2) industry standard tags are very pov, 3) the problem just isn't that big.  There just aren't that many examples that makes this worth a lot of effort (at least in the opinion of the consensus). Chris vLS 22:46, 12 May 2005 (UTC)


text: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Log/2005 February 5


text:
Human Engineered Software

Human Engineered Software (HES, also known as HesWare) was an American software developer and publisher from 1980 until 1984. The company sold video games and educational and productivity software, in addition to several hardware products. It focused on the Commodore 64, VIC-20, and Atari 8-bit computers.

History
The company was located in Brisbane, California. Published titles included games, educational and productivity programs. Among them were Project Space Station, Mr. TNT, Turtle Graphics by David Malmberg, several Jeff Minter games (Llamasoft), such as Attack of the Mutant Camels, Gridrunner, Hes Games, and HesMon, Graphics BASIC, 64Forth (a cartridge-based Forth implementation), and the HesModem and HesModem II.

The company was started by Jay Balakrishnan and Cy Shuster in 1980. The company was founded in Balakrishnan's apartment in Los Angeles, where he took down the door to his bedroom, put it across two file cabinets, and used that as a desk for his development (winding the cables around the doorknob). With research into the PET ROM, Balakrishnan wrote the first 8K 6502 Assembler, HESbal (HES Basic Assembler Language) in BASIC, and an accompanying text editor, HESedit. Having HESbal allowed numerous creative follow-on products, such as HEScom, software and a user port cable that allowed VIC20 programs to be saved to a PET hard disk (since the first VIC20 didn't have a hard disk). Shuster soldered the HEScom cables in his garage and wrote HESlister, a print utility for BASIC programs, that he ported from a TRS-80 Model I to the PET, to the VIC, and later to the IBM PC. HESware published OMNIWRITER, a word processor for the Commodore 64.

Game writers Lawrence Holland and Ron Gilbert, who later worked for LucasArts, started their careers at HES.

Demise
By early 1984 InfoWorld reported that HES was tied with Broderbund as the world's tenth-largest microcomputer-software company and largest entertainment-software company, with $13 million in 1983 sales. In October 1984, HES filed for bankruptcy. It was reported that Avant Garde Publishing Corp would buy HES in a straight cash deal, but later detailed that the offer was blocked in bankruptcy court and HES shut down.

title: Human Engineered Software


text: Category:Communes of Loir-et-Cher

title: Category:Communes of Loir-et-Cher


text: Category:Communes of Doubs

title: Category:Communes of Doubs


text: Category:Communes of the Territoire de Belfort


text:
Elaphomycetaceae

The Elaphomycetaceae are a family of fungi in the order Eurotiales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains two genera and 27 species.

title: Elaphomycetaceae


text:
Talk:Klaatu (The Day the Earth Stood Still)

Untitled
Original author created article by mistake and I believe the original author also nominated the article for speedy (logged out IP). Article describes the robot Gort, not Klaatu. Klaatu is a fictional humanoid extraterrestrial, not a robot. Please delete. --Viriditas | Talk 10:05, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * This page was created as Klaatu (fictional robot). Klaatu, of course, was human and Gort was the robot (Gort also already has a page, although not actually about the robot but anyway...)  There was a redlink to Klaatu (film character) so I moved the old page here and deleted the redirect as nothing used it. HTH. -- ALoan (Talk) 17:46, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I think this article should be moved to Klaatu (The Day the Earth Stood Still). Klaatu is a fictional character in other works, like Star Wars.  We need to be specific.  --Viriditas  | Talk 20:17, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Should some reference be made in a trivia section to the Klaatu Nebula of Galaxy Quest? The Thermians indicate they come from this nebula, and I'm pretty convinced it is an homage to The Day the Earth Stood Still. I would add it myself, but I'm still relatively new to Wikipedia and don't know the conventions for that type of thing. --AlphaEtaPi 19:12, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

The majority of this page seems to be a shortened version of the synopsis section of The Day the Earth Stood Still. I am unfamiliar with merging being relatively new to Wikipedia but something seems warranted here. -- Quezlath 06:03, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

 * or Klaatu barada nikto JohnGerity (talk) 01:23, 21 October 2022 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:GoodnightVCover.jpg
Image:GoodnightVCover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 16:21, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Number of Klaatu images
I'd like to keep the current four until we have images of the Kneau Reeves portrayal. I like the reduced size. Please advise if you feel strongly otherwise or if four images is inconsistent with policy. There will be no edit war. IMO four is better but I defer to both policy and consensus. Conrad T. Pino 20:47, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Noticed this after removing prior batch of images. I do not believe an article this small needs four images showing the same character.  Two are sufficient.  -FeralDruid 20:57, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * It seems we're down to taste and preference. Please reconsider until a consensu emerges.  Conrad T. Pino 21:10, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Following up on my prior comment, notice that most bio articles contain only one or two images. Emma Watson, for example, contains one -- and is a relatively small article.  Sean Connery contains three, but is a much larger article.  Queen Elizabeth II contains several, but it's also a very large article.  -FeralDruid 21:01, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * As an inexperienced editor I'm unclear if this is evidence of best practice or general consensus. As said before, there shall be no edit war.  I defer to last edit until a consensus emerges.  Conrad T. Pino 21:10, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Heh, interesting thing is, the Michael Rennie article doesn't even contain an image. -FeralDruid 21:05, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * How about using the "Klaatu incognito as Mr. Carpenter" image in the Michael Rennie article? I'd prefer "Klaatu departing" image for the clear face shot in silver space suit as the 2nd image on this page. Conrad T. Pino 21:19, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, there's a Wikipedia policy against using fair-use images on bio pages. It doesn't make a lot of sense to me, and I think there's a proposal to offer up a fair-use image until a free one can be found.  You can put it there, but there's a chance another editor will remove it from the page.  -FeralDruid 21:22, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Fair enough on fair use and bio pages. How about replacing "Klaatu incognito as Mr. Carpenter" with "Klaatu departing" in this article? Conrad T. Pino 21:27, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Okay, an admin pointed me to this: Non-free_content. The Klaatu images you've placed on the page are fair-use, and thus should be used sparingly. Ideally, only one or two should actually appear in the article (see #3a on the list). If you want to put up the departing image instead, go ahead. My only concern was a large number of images. Thanks... -FeralDruid 21:33, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * OK, two it shall be, both in the full and partial space suit in keeping with fictional in-universe alien characterization. I deem this a consensus and thank you for the help.  Conrad T. Pino 01:16, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Notability / references
IMO notability is not an issue as (1) the 1951 film is iconic, (2) the chracter is the protagonist of said film, and (3) the role is notable for the actor; the 2008 film may fail notability but the 1951 film certainly does. Additional references is the better assertion. – Conrad T. Pino (talk) 18:59, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

Powers And Abilities (Should we add?)
I think we should add a subheading for the 2008 version's abilities.

He seems to have some sort of mechanical/psionic ability, as he appears to be able to manipulate machines, as well as manipulate the human body to an extent with the help of a machine.

As such, I think this should at least be noted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.151.41.165 (talk) 01:40, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

We must definitely add powers and abilities of the character
This article seems to be more of a narration of both versions of the films from Klaatu's perspective. Rather I think we must explain things like powers and abilities apprehended from specific scenes in the films. Also the article should try to add many more headings like Origin of Klaatu (probably assumable information about the planet from which he comes with premises for the assumptions), Personality, Interaction with Others, Differences between both versions of Klaatu, Appearances in Other Media etc.

I am new here; if someone tells me whether these edits are okay, and if possible start one or more of the topics above said it would be great. I do not know where to place the existing information so as to bring in new headings. Any experienced person's help needed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jinjanjaa (talk • contribs) 16:23, 27 May 2011 (UTC)


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Trichocomaceae

The Trichocomaceae are a family of fungi in the order Eurotiales. Taxa are saprobes with aggressive colonization strategies, adaptable to extreme environmental conditions. Family members are cosmopolitan in distribution, ubiquitous in soil, and common associates of decaying plant and food material.

Taxonomy
When first described, the family contained some of the most familiar fungi, such as Penicillium and Aspergillus. In 2011, it was proposed, that the family should be split into the three families Aspergillaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae.

In an updated phylogeny of the Eurotiales published in 2020, there were 8 genera included in the Trichocomaceae. Several more genera are connected to the Trichocomaceae in the Mycobank database, some of which await clarification of their standing.

 * Aspergillopsis
 * Chaetosartorya
 * Chaetotheca
 * Cladosarum
 * Cleistosoma
 * Edyuillia
 * Hemisartorya
 * Neocarpenteles
 * Neopetromyces
 * Neosartorya
 * Petromyces
 * Phialosimplex
 * Polypaecilum
 * Redaellia
 * Sagonema
 * Sphaeromyces
 * Sporophormis
 * Stilbodendron
 * Stilbothamnium
 * mitosporic Trichocomaceae

title: Trichocomaceae


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Squat lobster

Squat lobsters are dorsoventrally flattened crustaceans with long tails held curled beneath the cephalothorax. They are found in the two superfamilies Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea, which form part of the decapod infraorder Anomura, alongside groups including the hermit crabs and mole crabs. They are distributed worldwide in the oceans, and occur from near the surface to deep sea hydrothermal vents, with one species occupying caves above sea level. More than 900 species have been described, in around 60 genera. Some species form dense aggregations, either on the sea floor or in the water column, and a small number are commercially fished.

Description
The two main groups of squat lobsters share most features of their morphology. They resemble true lobsters in some ways, but are somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, and are typically smaller, ranging from 0.7 to 3.5 inches in length. Squat lobsters vary in postorbital carapace length (measured from the eye socket to the rear edge), from 90 mm in the case of Munidopsis aries, down to only a few millimetres in the case of Galathea intermedia and some species of Uroptychus. As in other decapod crustaceans, the bilaterally symmetrical body of a squat lobster may be divided into two main regions: the cephalothorax (itself made up of the cephalon, or head, and the thorax), and the pleon or abdomen. The pleon only being partly flexed under the cephalothorax and the cephalothorax being more long than it is broad makes the squat lobster a morphological intermediate between a lobster and crab.

The cephalothorax is made of 19 body segments (somites), although the divisions are not obvious and are most easily inferred from the paired appendages. From front to back, these are the two pairs of antennae, six pairs of mouthparts (mandibles, maxillae, maxillules and three pairs of maxillipeds), and five pairs of pereiopods. The cephalothorax is covered with a thick carapace, which may extend forwards in front of the eyes to form a rostrum; this is highly variable among squat lobsters, being vestigial in Chirostylus, wide and often serrated in some genera, and long, narrow, and flanked with "supraorbital spines" in others. The degree of ornamentation on the surface of the carapace also varies widely, and there are almost always at least a few setae (bristles), which can be iridescent in some members of the Galatheidae and Munididae. A pair of compound eyes also project on stalks from the front of the carapace; these are made up of ommatidia with square facets, which is typical of the "reflecting superposition" form of eye. Many deep-sea species have reduced eyes, and reduced movement of the eyestalks. In the families Munididae and Galatheidae, there is often a row of setae close to the eyes, forming "eyelashes".

The mouthparts consist of six pairs of appendages— three posterior cephalic appendages and the first three pairs of thoracic appendages. While their function was traditionally believed to be limited to food handling, the mouthparts have a more complex movement pattern that allows them to perform a variety of functions such as prey- and sediment-gathering, sediment transfer, and sediment sorting/particle rejection. In Munida Sarsi, the farther the mouthparts are located from the mouth, the more complex in movement and functional scheme they are.

The most conspicuous appendages are the pereiopods, and the largest of these is the first pair. These each end in a chela (claw), and are therefore known as the "chelipeds"; they can be more than six times the body length, although some groups show sexual dimorphism, with females having proportionally shorter chelipeds. The following three pairs of pereiopods are somewhat smaller than the chelipeds and are without claws, but are otherwise similar; they are used for walking. The fifth pair of pereiopods are much smaller than the preceding pairs, and are held inconspicuously under the carapace. They each end in a tiny chela, and are generally believed to be used for cleaning the body, especially the gills, which are in a cavity protected by the carapace.

The pleon is made up of six somites, each bearing a pair of pleopods, and terminating in a telson. The first somite is narrower than the succeeding somites, and the last pair of pleopods are modified into uropods, which flank the telson. The pleon is usually curled under the thorax, such that only the first three somites are visible from above. The form of the pleopods varies between the sexes. In females, the first one or two pairs are missing, while the remaining pairs are uniramous, and have long setae, to which the eggs can be attached. In males, the first two pairs are formed into gonopods, and are used to transfer the spermatophore to the female during mating; the first pair is often missing. The remaining pleopods can be similar to those of the females, or reduced in size, or entirely absent. In both sexes, the uropods are biramous.

Carcinisation has previously been explored in regards to outer morphology; however, the external change in body shaped has influence on the internal anatomical features as well. The use of micro-computer tomography and 3D reconstruction have brought to light anatomical disparity within Galatheoidea. Differences have been found in the ventral vessel system between porcelain crabs and squat lobsters. Carcinisation is also responsible for the loss of the caridoid escape reaction which caused a shift in gonads and the pleonal neuromeres for squat lobsters.

Development
Fecundity or number of eggs increases with smaller sized eggs and increasing body size of the parent. This results in increasing incubation time and consequently, increased egg volume. The trend of larger numbers of eggs and smaller sized eggs is mostly found in lower latitudes and cooler temperatures in order to accommodate for the longer incubation time.

The development period of the embryo consists of five distinct stages in which the lasts several months. Throughout the five stages, both the diameter and volume of the egg increases. In the first stage of embryo development, the spherical egg is a uniform dark color. In stage II, the optic lobe and appendages begin formation. Stage III is when the abdominal segments and terminal spines begin to develop. In stage IV, there is pigmentation of the ocular lobe, segmentation of the maxillipeds, and cardiac movement. In the fifth and final stage, the eyes are enlarged and the abdomen is extended.

Benthic aggregation
Squat lobster aggregation is theorized to be proportional to the amount of available organic particulate carbon reaching the seafloor. As such, many species of benthic squat lobsters aggregate into groups of very high population density around a number of different types of highly productive areas of the deep sea, like hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, sites of food falls like whale falls or wood falls, and shipwrecks. Squat lobsters seem to aggregate in these areas because they are associated with the fauna that thrives in them, like Bathymodiolus mussels and vestimentiferan tubeworms, but they are also attracted to the three-dimensional structures found in them. Burrows, crevices, or debris from shipwrecks are suggested to serves as shelter against predators, as well as food accumulation sites. A variety of squat lobster called Emmunida picta were found to almost exclusively reside on some type of structure, mostly Lophelia pertusa.

Squat lobster species found on seamounts typically have smaller bodies with shorter larval stages, as opposed to rise and ridge habitats. It has been suggested that this is due to the difference in substrates at these habitats.

In March 2022 it was reported that a squat lobster, possibly from the genus Munidopsis, had been filmed on the wreck of the Endurance, which sank in 1915 in the Antarctic. This was the first record of a living squat lobster in the Weddell Sea.

Ontogenetic migrations and pelagic aggregation
Pleuroncodes planipes perform vertical migration into the water column from the benthos at different stages in development, an example of ontogenetic migration. Early larval stages are found mostly near the sea surface, but older larval and juvenile stages have a wide vertical distribution through the water column, and adults become almost purely benthic, with only a few vertical migrations in their remaining lifetime. In these migrations, they will form large swarms (up to 200 m vertically, and up to 10 km horizontally) in which they rely the selective tidal stream for feeding.

Munida gregaria form aggregations in warm summer waters of the Pacific Ocean associated with river plume fronts, headland fronts, and shallow internal waves. Density of these aggregations are, on average, 2700 individuals per cubic meter. M. gregaria are able to aggregate in the pelagic region due to a number of unique features as compared to benthic squat lobsters, including fast swimming speeds, reduced density, reduced sinking rates as a result of greater morphological surface area, and optimized aerobic metabolism. M. gregaria also exhibit ontogenetic migration through larvae accumulation in highly productive nearshore waters, which then move toward the mid-continental shelf as they mature, and move completely offshore around full maturation.

In 2020, a study of squat lobsters determined that these crustaceans are far more diverse than previously thought. Through this study, 16 new species within the Leiogalathea genera were described. It was also revealed that diversity of squat lobsters in the Atlantic Ocean is relatively poor in comparison with the Pacific Ocean.

Claw position behavior
In a resting posture, squat lobsters rest their claws on the substrate in front of them. E. picta were observed most frequently in all conditions with their claws extended into the water column, perpendicular to the substrate. In the case of this study, the behavior was thought to be an avoidance response to the surveillance submersible, hence why this behavior was so often observed. In general, it is thought that this behavior may be a mechanism to increase the perceived size of the squat lobster as an aggressive or perhaps illusory display to ward off predators, as well as an active "fishing" strategy to catch prey.

Aggression and agonistic behavior
While squat lobsters look like true lobsters, they are more closely related to hermit crabs. Instead of carrying shells on their backs, they squeeze their bodies into crevices and leave their claws exposed to defend themselves from predators or other squat lobsters.

Squat lobsters are generally unaggressive toward each other, but instances can occur in particular scenarios. Individuals among dense populations will make decisions about whether to hunt for food or engage in deposit feeding on the basis of minimizing aggressive interactions. In general, squat lobsters exhibit no lasting dominance hierarchies, nor do they engage in territorialist behavior. When aggressive displays do occur, as a result of competition for mates or food, the aggressive behavior is ignored 70% of the time, met with submission 20% of the time, and met with reciprocal aggression 10% of the time. A 2001 study examined the effects of serotonergic and octopaminergic systems in Munida quadrispina, and found that injected serotonin elicits aggressive postures and behaviors, including increased likelihood and intensity of aggressive reactions to real or artificial squat lobsters, while injected octopamine reduced instances of aggressive behavior, including increasing the likelihood of escape responses.

Feeding
Squat lobsters feed on a variety of foods, with some species filter feeding, while others are detritus-feeders, algal grazers, scavengers, predators, and occasionally cannibals. Some are highly specialised; Munidopsis andamanica is a deep-sea species that feeds only on sunken wood, including trees washed out to sea and timber from shipwrecks. Squat lobsters are large enough to be caught by top predators, and can thus form a "direct trophic shortcut" between the primary producers at the bottom of the food web, and the carnivores at the top.

Breeding
Squat lobsters, in particular Cervimunida johni and Pleuroncodes monodon, are known to mate during the intermolt period. Squat lobster mating was shown to be unrelated to the female molt period, unlike many other crustacean species; instead, mating occurs when most females are found to be ovigerous and there is no or only minor molting activity, i.e the intermolt period. These species of squat lobster also displayed very short interbrood intervals, or time between mating, generally not longer than a few days.

Fisheries
Flesh from these animals is often commercially sold in restaurants as "langostino" or sometimes dishonestly called "lobster" when incorporated in seafood dishes. As well as being used for human consumption, there is demand for squat lobster meat to be used as feed in fish farms and shrimp or prawn farms. This is in part because they contain astaxanthin, a pigment that helps to colour the meat of farmed salmon and trout.

Despite their worldwide distribution and great abundance, there are few functioning fisheries for squat lobsters. Experimental fisheries have occurred in several countries, including Argentina, Mexico, and New Zealand, but commercial exploitation is currently restricted to Latin America, and chiefly to Chile. The main target species are Pleuroncodes monodon, P. planipes, and Cervimunida johni.

In Central America, the primary species of squat lobster targeted by fisheries is a species of Pleuroncodes. There is a great deal of confusion over both scientific names and common names, and the exact species is often unknown. In El Salvador, for instance, the commercial catch is generally referred to as "P. planipes", but is in fact P. monodon. Commercial fishing for squat lobsters in El Salvador began in the early 1980s; production increased markedly in the 2001 season, and has continued to grow, now making up 98% of the demersal resources landed in El Salvador, with annual catches peaking at 13,708 t in 2005. In Costa Rica, aggregations of squat lobsters are avoided, as the fishermen fear the squat lobsters will clog their nets. In Nicaragua, squat lobsters are heavily exploited, especially following a large increase in fishing effort in the 2007 season. In Panama, production reached 492 t in 2008. Chilean squat lobster fisheries initially targeted Cervimunida johni, beginning in 1953. By the mid-1960s, effort had largely switched to P. monodon. In an effort to conserve stocks, the Chilean government instituted quotas for squat lobsters, and the fishery is closely monitored. In New Zealand, Munida gregaria has been considered as a potential fisheries resource, particularly to feed farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).

Classification
Broadly, squat lobsters are classified into two superfamilies: Chirostyloidea and Galatheoidea. Chirostyloidea contain the families Chirostylidae, Eumunididae, and Kiwaidae. Galatheoidea contain the families Galatheidae, Munididae, Munidopsidae, and Porcellanidae. The systematics of squat lobsters and the classification of deep-sea squat lobsters is an area of active research due to the limited fossil record. Deep-sea squat lobsters, exist at depths greater than 200m, are classified in the Mundidiae and Munidopsidae families of the superfamily Galatheoidea. Deep-sea squat lobsters display greater morphological divergences and lower genetic divergences evolutionary compared to their shallow-water counterparts. In early classifications, squat lobsters were placed in the superfamily Galatheoidea alongside the porcelain crabs of the family Porcellanidae. This relationship, however, was re-examined in the late 21st-century. Molecular and morphological data indicate that Galatheoidea is not a monophyletic group; Galatheidae, Porcellanidae, Kiwaidae, and Chirostylidae have independent origins. Galatheoidea is the largest superfamily in the Anomura suborder, which is reflected in the wide range of habitats of species belonging to this "superfamily." Few morphological characteristics distinguish squat lobsters from other families in the Anomura. Hence, deep-sea squat lobsters were classified in the Chirostyloidea superfamily in 2012 as DNA sequencing indicated that squat lobsters are not a monophyletic group. For example, Chirostylidae and Kiwaidae are distantly related to the other squat lobsters, and are closer related to hermit crabs and king crabs (Paguroidea), the mole crabs in the superfamily Hippoidea, and the small families Lomisidae and Aeglidae. Squat lobsters continue to be described in both the Chirostyloidea and Galatheoidea superfamilies.

Evolutionary history
Squat lobsters contain a total of around 60 genera, divided into over 900 recognized species; more than 120 undescribed species likely exist. It is likely that squat lobsters underwent deep sea colonization multiple times in evolutionary history. Squat lobsters underwent rapid diversification in the late Oligocene through the Miocene likely due to a variety of selection pressures, beginning in the Southwest Pacific. Fossil galatheoid squat lobsters have been found in strata dating back to the Middle Jurassic of Europe. No fossils are currently assigned to the Chirostyloidea. Pristinaspina may belong either in the family Kiwaidae or Chirostylidae.

Distribution
Generally, species richness of deep-sea squat lobsters increases with proximity to the equator and the Western Pacific. A split in the galatheid fauna exists between the Eastern Pacific, containing much less species richness, and the Western Pacific. The center of diversity for squat lobsters is the "coral triangle", or Indo-Australian Archipelago, especially in the region of New Caledonia (with more than 300 species) and the region of Indonesia and the Philippines. High endemism is reported in this area and it is hypothesized this is due to many independent evolutions. This region results in high diversification due to global warming, tectonic activity, and oceanic currents. Modern regions of high speciation of squat lobsters includes seamounts near ocean trenches in the West Pacific, but squat lobsters are found in a range of habitats including continental shelfs, ridges, and abyssal seabeds. The hotspot distribution of squat lobsters in shallow waters seems to mirror the distribution of deep-sea species.

title: Squat lobster


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Noreen Branson

Noreen Branson (16 May 1910 – 25 October 2003) was a British communist activist, historian, founder of Revolt newspaper, and a life-long member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB). In 1931 she married fellow communist and International Brigadeer, Clive Branson, and in 1934 she carried out a mission for Harry Pollitt to smuggle funding to Indian communists resisting the British colonial occupation of India. Noreen Branson was most known for her work as a historian, working as a researcher for the Labour Research Department, collaborating with historians Eric Hobsbawm and Roger Simon, and writing the 3rd and 4th volumes of the CPGB's official history.

Early life
Branson was born on 16 May 1910 in London, her father was colonel Alfred Browne and her paternal grandfather Henry Browne, 5th Marquess of Sligo, a UK and Irish peer.

Both of Noreen Branson's parents died when she was eight years old. In August 1918, Noreen's mother died from typhoid fever, and eleven days later Noreen's father was killed in combat in France. The experience of losing her parents sparked her life-long interest in anti-imperialist and anti-war politics. After losing both her parents, she was raised by her wealthy maternal grandparents in Berkley Square. Her grandparents raised her with bourgeois and aristocratic values, and presented her as a debutante in court in 1928. Despite being indoctrinated with upper class values, she would seek out socialist groups due to her anti-war beliefs.

Husband and daughter
Noreen Branson joined The Bach Choir in 1929, and in 1931 at the age of 20 took part in a Charity Concert at the Scarlet Theatre in east London. During this event she met the painter and poet Clive Branson, and agreed to marry him within days of first meeting him. Noreen Branson married Clive Branson in June 1931, and two years later the couple had their only child, the future artist Rosa Branson. Noreen was at this point in her life not very interested in politics, however her husband Clive held strong socialist beliefs and was a supporter of the Soviet Union and Marxism–Leninism. The couple began having more frequent discussions on politics and often lent each other books.

Joining the Communist Party
Wishing to become more politically active and feeling betrayed by Ramsay MacDonald's "defection", both Noreen and Clive Branson joined the Independent Labour Party in Chelsea in Autumn 1931. The couple began campaigning in the poorest parts of the borough and began distributing a newspaper titled Revolt which they along with a small group of associates produced. While conducting political work in run-down housing blocks, she became more aware of the poverty which existed under British capitalism, and came face-to-face with issues such as unemployment. These experiences convinced her that capitalism was a failed system, and both she and her husband joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in July 1932 and turned Revolt into a communist party newspaper. Soon after joining the CPGB, Noreen and her husband moved to Battersea where they became icons of the working class community and Noreen became the secretary of the local CPGB branch in 1936.

Anti-fascist and anti-colonial activism
Noreen Branson's talent as a communist party activist was noticed by Harry Pollitt who in 1934 dispatched her to Mumbai to smuggle funding to Indian communists resisting the British colonial occupation of India.

In 1935 she attended the 7th World Congress of the Communist International in Moscow and spent several months as a comintern messenger to underground parties in Europe without being caught. Her aristocratic upbringing allowed her to move throughout Europe without arousing suspicion. Noreen Branson and Clive Branson dedicated much of their time to opposing fascism, opposing Oswald Mosley and his supporters, but also rallying opposition to Hitler, Mussolini and Franco. Noreen then joined the North Battersea Co-operative Women's Guild and represented the organisation on the Aid Spain Committee, established in 1936 by the Battersea Trades Council. In early 1938 Noreen's husband Clive joined the International Brigades to fight against Nazi backed nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, however he was captured on the 3rd of April and was kept prisoner for 8 months. Noreen sent Clive and fellow republican prisoners funding to buy cigarettes, as a way of letting the prisoners know that they had not been forgotten. While Clive was being held as a POW, Noreen began working as a researcher for Harry Poillitt and then for the Labour Research Department where she specialised in welfare and social services. She published her first article in the Labour Research Department magazine in September 1938 and continued to routinely contribute to the magazine for another 65 years. She also edited the magazine for 25 years.

Second World War
Come the beginning of the World War II, Noreen Branson signed up to become an air raid warden. Inspired by her work as an air raid warden, her husband Clive included Noreen's likeness in his painting Bombed Women and Searchlights (1940) which is currently held by the Tate art museum in London. Noreen's home city of Battersea soon became a key target for German V1 and V2 rockets due to the presence of its close network of railway tracks and power station. While Clive was away on military duty, his and Noreen's home was bombed by the Germans, after which Noreen moved to Hampstead. In 1944, Noreen's husband Clive Branson was killed in Burma by the Japanese when he was hit by an anti-tank shell near Point 315 at the end of the Battle of the Admin Box.

After Clive's death, Noreen published his letters, sketches and poems as a book titled A British Soldier in India.

Later life
After the death of James Klugmann, Noreen Branson took over the authorship of the official History of the Communist Party of Great Britain, adding volumes for the years 1927–41 and 1945–51.

Death and legacy
Branson died on 25 October 2003. She was survived by her daughter Rosa Branson who was born in 1933 and is a painter.

Works

 * The British State (1958) as Katherine Hood, with Roger Simon as James Harvey
 * Room At The Bottom: National Insurance in the Welfare State (1960) as Katherine Hood
 * Britain In The Nineteen Thirties (1971) with Margot Heinemann ISBN 0586037578
 * Britain in the Nineteen Twenties (1977) ISBN 0297770098
 * Poplarism, 1919–1925: George Lansbury and the Councillors' Revolt (1979) ISBN 0853154341
 * History of the Communist Party of Great Britain 1927–1941 (1985) ISBN 0853156115
 * History of the Communist Party in Britain 1941–1951 (1997) ISBN 0853158622

title: Noreen Branson


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Transmission Electron Aberration-Corrected Microscope

Transmission Electron Aberration-Corrected Microscope (TEAM) is a collaborative research project between four US laboratories and two companies. The project's main activity is design and application of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a spatial resolution below 0.05 nanometers, which is roughly half the size of an atom of hydrogen.

The project is based at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California and involves Argonne National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, as well as FEI and CEOS companies, and is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. The project was started in 2004; the operational microscope was built in 2008 and achieved the 0.05 nm resolution target in 2009. The microscope is a shared facility available to external users.

Scientific background
It has long been known that the best achievable spatial resolution of an optical microscope, that is the smallest feature it can observe, is of the order of the wavelength of the light λ, which is about 550 nm for green light. One route to improve this resolution is to use particles with smaller λ, such as high-energy electrons. Practical limitations set a convenient electron energy to 100–300 keV that corresponds to λ = 3.7–2.0 pm. The resolution of electron microscopes is limited not by the electron wavelength, but by intrinsic imperfections of electron lenses. These are referred to as spherical and chromatic aberrations because of their similarity to aberrations in optical lenses. Those aberrations are reduced by installing in a microscope a set of specially designed auxiliary "lenses" which are called aberration correctors.

Hardware
The TEAM is based on a commercial FEI Titan 80–300 electron microscope, which can be operated at voltages between 80 and 300 keV, both in TEM and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) modes. To minimize the mechanical vibrations, the microscope is located in a separate room within a sound-proof enclosure and is operated remotely. The electron source is a Schottky type field emission gun with a relatively low energy spread of 0.8 eV at 300 keV. In order to reduce chromatic aberrations, this spread is further lowered to 0.13 eV at 300 keV and 0.08 eV at 80 keV using a Wien-filter type monochromator. Both the illumination lens, which is located above the sample and is conventionally called the condenser lens, and the collection lens (called the objective lens) are equipped with fifth-order spherical aberration correctors. The electrons are further energy filtered by a GIF filter and detected by a CCD camera. The filter makes it possible to select electrons scattered by specific chemical elements and so identify individual atoms in the sample being studied.

Applications
The TEAM has been tested on various crystalline solids, resolving individual atoms in GaN ([211] orientation), germanium ([114]), gold ([111]) and others, and reaching the spatial resolution below 0.05 nm (about 0.045 nm). In the images of graphene—a single sheet of graphite—not only the atoms, but also the chemical bonds could be observed. A movie has been recorded inside the microscope showing hopping of individual carbon atoms around a hole punched in a graphene sheet. Similar pictures, resolving carbon atoms and bonds between them, have been independently produced for pentacene—a planar organic molecule consisting of five carbon rings—using a very different microscopy technique, atomic force microscopy (AFM). In AFM, the atoms are probed not by electrons, but by a sharp vibrating tip.


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Meliorist

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete as a confirmed copyright violation.

Megan1967's revised version will be put in the Transwiki queue to go to Wiktionary. Thanks. Rossami (talk) 23:42, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Meliorist
Dictdef. Inter 10:13, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Claims to be a copyvio, so delete instead of transwiki. (I'm not listing it on WP:CP since I don't have the software mentioned to confirm the copyvio, and can't see any benefit from someone writing a replacement at /Temp.) —Korath (Talk) 12:05, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * WP:CP is also for suspected copyright problems. And, to be honest, there's little reason to doubt that it is.  Whilst I agree that Meliorist/Temp will almost certainly be , unless someone comes up with a suitable redirect, the overriding consideration is to stop the publication of copyright violations as soon as possible.  I've listed it. Uncle G 16:51, 2005 Feb 4 (UTC)
 * Cleanup copyvio and move to Wiktionary. Megan1967 05:31, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I have modified the article since original VfD to avoid copyvio. Updated possible Wiktionary entry at Meliorist/Temp, for further comments/votes. Megan1967 04:51, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Cheam railway station

Cheam railway station serves Cheam in the London Borough of Sutton. It is located on the Sutton & Mole Valley Lines section from Sutton to Epsom with trains to London Victoria and London Bridge both via Mitcham Junction and West Croydon.

Location
Cheam Railway station is located between Cheam Village and South Cheam. This is approximately 200 meters south of Cheam High Street (A232), near its junction with the A217. The railway goes under the A217 (Belmont Rise) at the eastern end of the station.

History
In 1844 Cheam was on the planned route for the London to Portsmouth atmospheric railway. The section of line between Croydon and Epsom was part of the London & Croydon Railway company who promoted the Clegg and Samuda atmospheric principle, utilizing a 15 in pipe. This project failed, and Cheam station became part of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway on 10 May 1847. The station is almost 16 miles (26 km) from London Bridge station. Over the years Cheam station expanded, and was rebuilt and the rail bed widened in preparation for the installation of AC overhead electric services, which would have included the building of an additional central platform island. Due to the outbreak of the First World War, the full planned expansion was cancelled and was never completed. Nevertheless, the through lines were still in place until 1978 after the Bognor Regis and Portsmouth express services were withdrawn from the Sutton and Dorking route to serve an expanding Gatwick Airport. The wide space between the tracks still remains and shows where the fast lines had been laid prior their removal. The brick main buildings are on the down side of the station.

Services
All services at Cheam are operated by Southern using EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:

 * 2 tph to London Victoria via Hackbridge
 * 2 tph to London Bridge via West Croydon
 * 2 tph to Epsom
 * 2 tph to Dorking of which 1 continues to Horsham

On Saturday evenings (after approximately 18:45) and on Sundays, there is no service south of Dorking to Horsham.

Connections
London Buses route S2 serves the station.

title: Cheam railway station


text:
Talk:Munchies

As of now this is a non-encyclopedic slang-definition article that should be moved to Wiktionary. Alternatively it might be moved to a "cannabis and appetite" article with internal and external links, medical uses, and scientific studies. Cacycle 10:17, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This article was proposed for deletion February 2005. The discussion is archived at Votes for deletion/Munchies. The consensus was that the article should be moved to Wiktionary. Joyous 03:30, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)

Should be a page for the Nestle chocolate snack 'Munchies' but don't know how to start it as there's already a page titled 'Munchies (food)' Cavie78 20:28, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

No page on the actual munchies and lab controlled studies of getting the munchies :O JayKeaton 19:46, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

Insertion of Dicdefs and non-likely search terms
Regarding this edit and previous others like it. I have reverted these as the inclusion is IMHO (a) a Dictionary definition and (b) Not a likely search-term/candidate for disambiguation. The rationale given by both Yaharl
 * It doesn't matter if it's "likely to be confused" with the rest of the definitions. It's a piece of information and we don't want to exclude it.

and Jason Palpatine
 * It doesn't matter if it's "likely to be confused" with the rest of the definitions. It's a piece of information and we don't want to exclude it. MOD Squad is a valid liting.

(I assume the similarity is down to lazy cut-and-pasting) is incorrect, and they clearly don't know what dab pages are for. Disambiguation pages are *not* the place for general information, they are solely for differentiating similar meanings and helping searches.

Anyway, I'm referring this to Third Opinion.

(BTW, the edit summary "removed, this isn't Urban Dictionary" referred to a piece that I'd meant to remove in a separate edit; unfortunately, I mistakenly removed/reverted both that and this in one go). 15:11, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Third opinion
I say that the "munchies" (craving of food when not hungry) should be included. It is a slang term, but, from my experience, it's fairly common. It should also possibly be noted that many use it to denote feeling hungry while high on marijuana. -  hmwith  talk   16:06, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

I'd have to tentatively agree with Fourohfour here. Its omission seems rather glaring; but Wikipedia isn't a dictionary, and unless a substantial article on the term itself can be created, it doesn't warrant inclusion on the disambiguation page. --84.65.22.233 16:14, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Can I make clear that the main problem I have is with stuff like:

 *  Bod Squad - Watch Out For The Munchies, An animated 80's ABC Network short about proper eating habits.

 *  * The munchies, a slang term for a food craving when a person is not hungry; taken from the Bod Squad - Watch Out For The Munchies short.

 * relating to a particular episode (that happened to *include* "Munchies" in the title and no more) of a particular programme. If anyone is looking for the origin of "munchies", they can click the relevant (food cravings) link and the information can be included in that article section. (Although unless it's able to be reliably cited as the origin of the expression, it doesn't belong there either.)

 * As an expected article for someone typing "munchies", I don't think it's plausible, and it's clear that the people who wanted to include it don't know what a dab page is for. The Bod Squad article itself only mentions it in passing.

 * FWIW, I don't have a problem with the cravings meaning being *listed* here, so long as it's a link to a relevant article section and no more (i.e. not a dicdef). In fact, someone has already done exactly what I had in mind, so... thanks. :-) Fourohfour 17:52, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Yeah, I did it. I decided that it should be here, so I did it. As for the stuff relating to the show, no, don't put that here. -  hmwith  talk   17:55, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Include -- The munchies (craving of food when not hungry) was the subject of an ABC Bod-Squad episode. The term in this sense originated from this segment.  The episode is the most famous segment of the short-lives info-series.  People aware of this fact may do a search for it here -- after all I did.  True, the only article is the The Bod Squad article itself, and only a mention at that, as the article describes the series overall.  Sometimes a piece of information that only exists as a mention needs to be listed.  There are many such entries in any published encylopedias -- items listed that only have one or two sentences of information instead of 3 or 4 pages of subject material.

 * Bod Squad - Watch Out For The Munchies, An animated 80's ABC Network short about proper eating habits.
 * The munchies, a slang term for a food craving when a person is not hungry; taken from the Bod Squad - Watch Out For The Munchies short.

 * If you followed the link and read The Bod Squad article, you know that the fact set forth here is correct. There is no seperate episode article for it -- in fact, I have come to learn that some administrators here disaprove of such articles and have begun activly deleting some of them.  Someone may be looking up just that particular piece of information.  There is just too little material for it to justify having an article of it's own.  The info takes up one line.  Perhaps this is more to your likeing:

 * Bod Squad - The Munchies, An animated 80's ABC Network short about proper eating habits. The title is taken from a slang term for a food craving when a person is not hungry.

 * This is a disambiguation page. And the entry being deleted points to what is clearly a retalted data entry on the site.  If there is a reason for it not to be here, please make it known rather than deleting it.  Yes, this is not a dictionary, but this is a link to another related article that justifiably could be what someone here doing a search for The Munchies just may be looking for.  Isn't that significant enough?

You say The Bod Squad article itself only mentions it in passing. Just how much article info can you create about a 90 second television spot? If that is really a problem to you -- expand it.

 * If it's not that important, then it certainly doesn't belong on a dab page. It's not a problem, we're using the shortness of its entry as an indication of its importance. It's not our job to expand it. You're the one that implied its importance. Fourohfour 20:17, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

And I don't know where you get this association with marajuana. I'd like to see some source info on that. -- Jason Palpatine 17:59, 5 May 2007 (UTC)  This User wishes (but too often fails) understanding of Wikipedia's Systematized Logistical Projection of its Balanced Policy Contingency. (speak your mind | contributions)
 * Hi, Jason. Do you have any proof that the animated short is the origin of the term? Thanks, William Pietri 18:04, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Looking further, the term certainly does not originate with the animated short you mention, and the term has a long association with marijuana. The New York Times had an article on December 14, 1973 titled "Getting High in Mountainside" that contains the following: "Marijuana is as integral a part of my high school as its doors. My school is literally high. The incidence of staggering students, 11 o'clock munchies, and rolling papers falling out of lockers is commonplace." William Pietri 18:12, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Jason, please don't make substantive edits to your posts after people have replied to them. It can destroy all hope of a coherent discussion. Just add a new post instead. As to saying, "If that is really a problem to you -- expand it," I think you have it backward. You're the one suggesting that the link be put on the disambiguation page. But the point of the disambiguation page is to connect people with useful information. That there was something whose title mentions the word twenty years ago doesn't seem to merit a disambiguation link; disambiguation pages are generally for substantive references. If people really want to know every place the word "munchies" has been used, I think they're better off just searching. Hope that helps, William Pietri 18:29, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

(edit conflict) Hi. I'm stopping by from the WP:3O listing. I agree that the Bod Squad stuff is not necessary. One possible solution to the rest is described at WP:DAB: mention the definition briefly and refer to the proper source. Wiktionary covers both the normal and drug-related meanings already, so you could just link to them. If we had a better article or section on the phenomenon I'd say just link to that and forget the dictionary, but the current link to Cannabis (drug) is slightly confusing as the actual text they should read is in the middle of the paragraph. Hope that helps! -- William Pietri 18:02, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I have always been taught to err on the side of caution. It's a small piece of information that a person here may be looking up.  There is a link to the related article.  Such a little piece of info being here is helpful.  Even withoiut reading the guidelines page, I know that a disambiguation page is intended to help a user in finding information they may be looking for.
 * The omission of information is an entirly different matter, I have been called up to justify the prescience of a very small piece of information I've added to this DBD. It's being listed here serves a purpose.  What possible pupose could be served by it not being on the list?  I DEMAND someone justify it's deletion!  -- Jason Palpatine 17:59, 5 May 2007 (UTC)  [[Image:confused-tpvgames.gif]] This User wishes (but too often fails) understanding of Wikipedia's Systematized Logistical Projection of its Balanced Policy Contingency. (speak your mind | contributions)

 * Jason, here is the first source that popped up for that info: http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro02/web2/kfong.html. Search for "munchies - marijuana" on any search engine, and you will get hundreds of results, thousands if you use a slang term for marijuana.
 * EDIT: Or there's always USA Today (http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2001-04-11-marijuana-munchies.htm) -  hmwith  talk   18:35, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Jason, you don't get to demand anything here; you're addressing colleagues, not minions. Please try to keep the atmosphere friendly and calm. Thanks, William Pietri 18:47, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

(Writing my response here, as indentation above is getting more confusing than it's worth).

Jason, we've already explained our reasons, and William Pietri explained it well; dab pages aren't for every use of a term.

You should have known that by now. But you admit to still not having read the the guidelines page- even *after* we pointed out your misunderstanding of them and you were aware of that page's existence(!!!!!) (See discussion here).

Saying- incorrectly- that a dab page should do X, Y and Z and that you "know" this without having to bother reading the guidelines when we've already pointed out that your understanding of the guidelines is wrong (and linked to them) is mindbogglingly arrogant and lazy.

We've already justified our point-of-view. If you'd bothered reading the guidelines, they'd make sense to you; in fact, we'd probably not even need to spell them out explicitly. Don't expect us to waste our time re-explaining things because of your laziness.

Fourohfour 20:13, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

 * You don't see me making a third revert do you? I apologize for the choice of words.  But I belive a negative needs more justification than a positive.  THe negative in question is of course your decision to remove the DAB info we a discussing.  I do not belive this project operates on a principle of significance.  I do not recall seeiong such a policy.

 * If by "significance" you mean "notability" (see Notability), then Wikipedia very much does operate under such a policy. In fact, it's one of its basic principles. Fourohfour 11:15, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * And I do not recall reading such a policy on the DAB policy page -- which I have read! From my POV, it supports and justifies my earlier actions.  --Jason Palpatine 03:08, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The stated purpose of a dab page inherently requires notability. Dab pages differentiate separate articles with the same (or *very* similar) titles. To have an article (or at least subsection), the subject/content should be notable.

 * But the issue here was never with notability in itself. The episode you mentioned certainly warrants inclusion in the Bod Squad article; possibly more than it has at present. It was whether that specific entry (and the related information) belonged on a dab page entitled "Munchies". We explained why it didn't. Fourohfour 11:15, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

OK -- Let's just keep it here. I always did dislike ping-pong discussions.

From the DAB policy:

 * "Disambiguation in Wikipedia is the process of resolving conflicts in article titles that occur when a single term can be associated with more than one topic. In many cases, this same word or phrase is the natural title of more than one article. In other words, disambiguations are paths leading to different topic pages that could have essentially the same term as their title."

 * For example, to create a link to Munchies, just put double square brackets around the word — Munchies — producing Munchies. Now, Munchies is a disambiguation page, listing the multiple usages of the word. All Munchies links in an article probably refer to a particular meaning of Munchies, such as the 1987 comedy film (Munchies (film)), the brand of snack mix sold by Frito-Lay Munchies (snack mix), a brand of confectionery sold by Nestlé Munchies (confectionery), a craving for junk food (usually associated with using marijuana) Munchies (food craving), Hunger as redirected from The munchies, or Bod Squad - The Munchies, An animated 80's ABC Network short about proper eating habits. The title is taken from a slang term for a food craving when a person is not hungry.

The second para is taken (paraphased) from the DAB policy page you keep telling me to read. Additionally, it goes on to say ''A disambiguation page is not a list of dictionary definitions. A short description of the common general meaning of a word can be appropriate for helping the reader determine context.''

Which is what I am doing!

As an experiment, I did a search for the other segment titles. Beans and Rice was the only other hit. The others, like Yuck Mouth and Nutty Gritty did not produce a direct hit. But, Munchies does produce a direct hit, which is the reason I felt it necessary to include the information you are in an uproar about. Regretably, there are no hit meters on the individual articles; how many hits have each of the seqperate entries on the DAB page (including the Bod-Squad) got? The only real reason you are deleting the link is because you consider it to be insignificant. If that is true, then you are telling me the Bod-Squad article is so insignificant that you don't belive anyone would be searching for it utilizing any of the segment titles. That's how I DID find it -- I didn't know it was under Bod-Squad until I did some serious digging! Are you saying that I am the only one to do that particular search? Are you saying that nobody else here has/is/will look up the Bod-Squad article? --Jason Palpatine 16:21, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I changed the munchies redirect. Someone who did that was incorrect. Having "the munchies" is a craving for food when one is not hungry. It's not always associated with marijuana, but it usually is. I've heard it mentioned when not talking about being high, but I've never even heard of that show you added. The show just mentioned it. It didn't make it up. -  hmwith  talk   16:44, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi, Jason. Thanks for trimming back that signature. You make a good case, if a little stridently for my tastes. Thinking about Schoolhouse Rock, which I think was much better known than the Bod Squad episodes, I looked at the disambiguation pages for the ones that came to mind: Zero, Lolly (disambiguation), and Bill. They don't have the Schoolhouse Rock episodes listed, but they do have such a variety of other things that it seems like links to the Schoolhouse Rock episodes wouldn't be out of place. And the use case you mention, where somebody remembers the episode, types in the keyword, and ends up here, is plausible. So if you were talking about dropping the claim about the phrase origin and just adding an entry like  The Munchies, a 1980s animated public service announcement from the ABC Bod Squad series , then that's sounding more reasonable to me. Is that what you're proposing? Thanks, William Pietri 16:53, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes that is what I am proposing. The earlier problem you mention is just a bad choice of words on my part.  When you pointed out that particular error, correction is necessary.  Thanks.  As for my signature, I was just to tired to do it the way I usuallt do, so I just used the sig-button.  --Jason Palpatine 17:16, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with you, William. That would be perfectly fine. Add it! -  hmwith  talk   17:05, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Jason, please add your comments to the bottom of the talk page/section, so you can see the chronology of posts. This made it seem as if your comment was before mine, when it wasn't, as you can see by the times. Thanks. -  hmwith  talk   17:32, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Confusingly, Jason also posted the exact same comment (the long one above, dated 16:21, 6 May 2007) on my talk page. Hence the non-sequiteur about "ping-pong discussions" which doesn't belong here.

 * Jason; inserting your own link into the quote from WP:DAB doesn't prove anything. William Pietri suggests a good compromise, and presents your case in a better light than you did yourself.

 * Personally, I still don't see the point though. The Bod Squad article says little about that specific episode, so I don't think it's going to help anyone looking for information about it. If you feel that strongly about it, it might be more productive to expand details on that important episode first. Fourohfour 18:29, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry guys, I put the reply where I did in order to make it clear that the post was in reply to that particular message. As for the Bod-Squad article, based on what you are saying, Fourohfour (is that as in fourth-of-four, a borg designation?), —This is part of a comment by  Jason Palpatine   which got interrupted by the following:

 * No, it's a reference to the 404 "Page not found" error on the web. There isn't any real significance to it, I just needed a user name. Fourohfour 16:37, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * it needs info about the individual segments added. The material is next to impossible to find.  Apart from some discussion boards, the Wikipedia entry appears to be to only significant reference about it.  There is a site which does have some very poor quality strem videos of the segments though.

 * as for the "ping-pong discussions" comment -- well, I do mean what I say. All future posts be me will be here -- I'll just leave a note on you page telling you.  —This is part of a comment by  Jason Palpatine   which got interrupted by the following:

 * No need, I have this page on my watchlist anyway. So should anyone else who's interested. Fourohfour 16:44, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Today I just dicovered something. The main tag line is "Soon you're not just bored, you're FAT!!"  I always thought is went "Soon you've ruined your act, kid you're FAT!!"  Live and learn.  Time period for any discussion is supposed to be a week.  Let's see what else is posted he before acting on the 13th.  I see a couple of people aggree with me.  But my wording was a problem.  Sorry about that.  -- Jason Palpatine 04:13, 7 May 2007 (UTC)  [[Image:confused-tpvgames.gif]] This User fails to understand Wikipedia's Systematized Logistical Projection of its Balanced Policy Contingency. (speak your mind | contributions)

 * It's okay, Jason. It was an honest mistake. It just made my post look out of order and dumb being in the wrong place/context. -  hmwith  talk   04:36, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * As I mentioned above, William Pietri's compromise

 *  The Munchies, a 1980s animated public service announcement from the ABC Bod Squad series

 * is acceptable to me, even if it's not what I'd have chosen. (Although we only need one blue link in the line, as per WP:MOSDAB.) Fourohfour 16:44, 7 May 2007 (UTC)
 * You're absolutely right: the multi-linked stuff would be confusing. Thanks for catching that. William Pietri 16:48, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hmmm. Interesting variant.  But it get the point acrosss succincly.  I understand Von Braun wasa hard-sell to the throw-it-all-away-as-you-use-it aproach to getting men to the moon -- I won't be as difficult.  It was said earlier that another here argued the case here far better than I did -- it is appreciated.  This alternate version appears to be a better and more acceptable proposal on the matter than my two submitted versions.  So, William Pietri's version also gets my vote.  --Jason Palpatine 08:34, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Munchies


text:
Earl Watson

Earl Joseph Watson Jr. (born June 12, 1979) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who most recently served as an assistant coach for the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the UCLA Bruins, where he was a four-year starter and named all-conference as a senior in the Pac-10 (now known as the Pac-12). Watson was drafted by the Seattle SuperSonics in the second round of the 2001 NBA draft with the 39th overall selection. He played 13 seasons in the NBA with seven teams before becoming a coach in 2014. He was the head coach of the Phoenix Suns from 2016 to 2017.

High school and college career
Watson is a graduate of Washington High School in Kansas City, Kansas. In his senior year of high school he averaged 23.4 points, 8.3 assists and 14 rebounds per game.

Watson was a starter in college at UCLA, at one point playing alongside future NBA All-Star Baron Davis. They were the first two freshmen to start at UCLA since the 1979 season. A four-year starter, Watson started the most consecutive games in the history of UCLA basketball. As a senior in 2000–01, he averaged 14.7 points (2nd on the team, 9th in the pac-10), 5.2 assists, (1st on the team, 2nd most in the Pac-10) 3.7 rebounds, 0.3 blocks, and 1.9 steals (most in the Pac-10, most on the team) per game. He earned first-team All-Pac-10 honors.

Professional career
Watson was selected in the second round (39th overall) by the SuperSonics in the 2001 NBA draft. In the 2007–08 NBA season, Watson averaged 10.7 points and 6.8 assists with the Sonics. On February 6, 2008, Watson recorded his first-ever triple-double in a game against the Sacramento Kings. Watson logged 23 points, 10 rebounds and 10 assists in 32 minutes. It was Seattle's first triple-double since Ray Allen registered one on January 28, 2004, against the Los Angeles Lakers.

On July 17, 2009, Watson was waived by the Thunder. He signed a one-year deal with the Indiana Pacers on July 28, 2009.

He signed with the Utah Jazz on September 26, 2010.

On July 10, 2013, he signed with the Portland Trail Blazers.

Watson's final NBA game was played in Game 4 of the 2014 Western Conference Semi-Finals between the Trailblazers and the San Antonio Spurs on May 12, 2014. In his final game, Watson only played for a minute and half and recorded no stats. The TrailBlazers won the game 103 – 92 but this would be their only victory of the series, as they would go on to lose the series in 5 games to San Antonio. Watson retired as a player on October 2, 2014.

Coaching career
On October 2, 2014, Watson was hired as an assistant coach by the Austin Spurs of the NBA D-League, effectively ending his 13-year playing career. He joined the Phoenix Suns as their new assistant coach on July 30, 2015. However, after a poor start to the 2015–16 season, the Suns fired coach Jeff Hornacek and replaced him with Watson as the interim head coach for the rest of the season. While Watson would make his coaching debut on February 2, 2016, at home against the Toronto Raptors, it wouldn't be until February 27, almost a month later, where he'd record his first win with the Suns at home against the Memphis Grizzlies, a team he had previously played under. He would then get his first two-game winning streak on the road as a coach with victories on March 4 against the Orlando Magic and March 6 against the Grizzlies, respectively. After starting out the season with only one victory in ten games for February, he'd end the season with an 8–15 record the rest of the way, including ending the season with a 3–1 stint.

On April 19, the Suns announced that they had agreed to a three-year deal with Watson due to the positive nature he had that was instilled upon the team after he was first hired, making him the full-time head coach of the team. At the time of his promotion to permanent head coach, Watson was the second-youngest head coach in the NBA (behind only Luke Walton), being 36 when he first started coaching. Watson also became the first former UCLA Bruins player to become a head coach in the NBA, as well as the first NBA head coach of Hispanic descent. During Watson's first full season as head coach, he continued to promote the same philosophical mindset he had for the Suns back when he first started coaching them, but he'd also adjust the team's focus to being more involved with defense first and then offense second.

Before the start of the 2017–18 season, Suns owner Robert Sarver had told sports agent Rich Paul of Klutch Sports, who represented Watson at the time, that he planned to fire Watson if the coach did not sever ties with Klutch. After the Suns got off to a 0–3 start, with two blowout losses (including the worst loss in franchise history and worst season opening performance in NBA history), Watson was fired on October 22, and replaced on an interim basis by associate head coach Jay Triano for the rest of the season. Watson later worked with the Junior Basketball Association in 2018 and then worked as a Pac-12 Network and NBA TV studio analyst from 2019 to 2021.

On August 2, 2021, Watson was hired by the Toronto Raptors as an assistant coach.

Personal life
Watson's father, Earl, is African-American and his mother, Estella, is Mexican-American. Because his maternal grandparents were born in Mexico, Watson was eligible to play for the Mexico national basketball team. Watson has four brothers and one sister. He is also involved with the local Hispanic Chamber of Commerce in Arizona. One of his brothers, Dwayne, was a retired police officer who died due to blood clots in his legs that were dislodged during an altercation. The assailant, Tremaine Quinn, was sentenced to 36 months of probation for the action. That incident would be a major driving force for Earl to take up coaching in basketball. Watson founded the organization "Emagine" to positively impact the youth of his hometown Kansas City, Kansas.

On May 16, 2009, he married actress Jennifer Freeman. They have a daughter together Isabella Amora Watson. They separated in 2011.

Watson has stated he takes coaching inspiration from UCLA all-time great John Wooden.

Watson is considered a supporter of the Amateur Athletic Union programs, saying that the right program and right people involved can lead towards more positive experiences for the people involved. He also stated that he likely would have never gotten a scholarship for UCLA if he didn't have the AAU around. He is part-owner of AAU program Earl Watson Elite. He also joined LaVar Ball's Junior Basketball Association committee.

Watson started Earl Watson Early Childhood Center, a preschool in his hometown of Kansas City.

Establishing 70 Earl Watson Elite travel teams on the west coast has helped Earl develop a strong connection in grassroots basketball. Becoming the first head coach in the NBA of Latino descent has allowed Earl to lead the way for diversity in leadership in sports along with receiving a multitude of other awards, including:

 * 2019 UCLA Latino Alumnus of the Year
 * NAHREP – National Association of Hispanic Real Estate Professions
 * 2017 Vanguard Award
 * NCLR – National Council of La Raza – Roberto Clemente Lifetime Achievement Award
 * Establishing the Earl Watson Early Childhood Center in 2013
 * 2006 Reasons to Believe Award

title: Earl Watson


text: Template:London fare zones

title: Template:London fare zones


text:
Kerrier District

Kerrier District may refer to:

Places

 * Kerrier, a former administrative district in Cornwall
 * Kerrier (hundred), one of the hundreds of Cornwall

Music

 * Kerrier District (musician), one of a number of names used by the recording artist Luke Vibert
 * Kerrier District (album), an album by Kerrier District
 * Kerrier District 2, an album by Kerrier District

title: Kerrier District