text:
Atlantic City (song)

"Atlantic City" is a song written and recorded by Bruce Springsteen, which first appeared on Springsteen's 1982 solo album Nebraska. Springsteen has often played the song in a full band arrangement in concert.

Recording background
Springsteen wrote in his Greatest Hits sleeve notes that he recorded the track in his bedroom "for $1,050 (the cost of the four-track Tascam recorder), mixed through an old Gibson guitar unit to a beat box". He provides the vocals, guitar, harmonica, and mandolin for the song.

Springsteen first recorded two demos of the song in April 1981 at his home in Colts Neck, New Jersey. Initially he titled the song "Fistful of Dollars" (from the Clint Eastwood movie A Fistful of Dollars). He recorded another demo in late 1981, this time changing the title to "Atlantic City". He recorded at least five takes on his Portastudio at Colts Neck during a two-week period, December 17 to January 3, 1982, with take three chosen for Nebraska. In a letter to Jon Landau, Springsteen noted that "this song should probably be done with the whole band really rockin' out". At The Power Station on April 26–28, 1982, with the E Street Band during the 'Electric Nebraska' sessions, Springsteen spent three days trying to make a rock record out of the demo. Landau insisted on releasing the solo version, "No way was it as good as what he had goin' on that demo tape".

Historical context and lyrical significance
The lyrics of "Atlantic City" depict a young couple's escape to Atlantic City, New Jersey, but it also wrestles with rebirth and the inevitability of death. The man in the relationship intends to take a job in organized crime upon arriving in Atlantic City, due at least partly to desperation over his "debts."

The song's opening lines reference violence perpetuated by the Philadelphia crime family in Philadelphia in the early 1980s, with Springsteen singing, "Well, they blew up the Chicken Man in Philly last night/Now they blew up his house too." "Chicken Man" is a reference to Philadelphia crime family boss Phil "the Chicken Man" Testa, who was killed by a rival gangster who planted a nail bomb in his Philadelphia rowhouse in March 1981.

While Atlantic City is considered the turf of the Philadelphia crime family, there was considerable in-fighting at the time among the Italian-American Mafia for dominance of the organized crime rackets in the city following the city's proposed legalization of gambling in 1976.

By the 1970s and early 1980s, Atlantic City experienced a significant decline from its heyday as a prominent resort town in the early 20th century, and the introduction of legal gambling was proposed as a potential means of reviving the economically struggling city. The song evokes the widespread uncertainty regarding legalized gambling during its early years in Atlantic City and its promises to resurrect the city. The young man's uncertainty about taking the less-than-savory job is referenced in the lyric, "Everything dies, baby, that's a fact, but maybe everything that dies someday comes back."

The song is included on Springsteen's Greatest Hits album, released in 1995, and on The Essential Bruce Springsteen, released in 2003.

In popular culture
In 2006, "8 Years", a Cold Case episode, was based around nine Springsteen songs, with "Atlantic City" played during its climactic murder scene.

In 2012, following Hurricane Sandy, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie quoted the song's chorus during a cameo on Saturday Night Live.

In 2019, the song played over the opening of episode 3 of season 4 of Billions. A few scenes later, the character "Dollar" Bill Stern, played by Kelly AuCoin, sings the opening lines of the song.

In September 2021, Rolling Stone ranked the song 289th on its list of the “500 Best Songs of All Time”.

Music video
The music video for "Atlantic City" was directed by Barry Ralbag. It received moderate play on MTV in the United States. Springsteen does not appear in the video, which features stark, black-and-white images of Atlantic City. The video also includes clips of the October 1978 demolition of the main dome of the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel.

Live performances
Beginning with the Born in the U.S.A. Tour, "Atlantic City" has made fairly regular appearances in Springsteen's band concerts, with a soft-hard-cycle arrangement similar to that of "Darkness on the Edge of Town". Live versions of "Atlantic City" appear on Springsteen's In Concert/MTV Plugged, released in 1993, and Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band: Live In New York City, released in 2001.

For the 2006 Bruce Springsteen with the Seeger Sessions Band Tour, "Atlantic City" was drastically rearranged and featured multiple outros, a version of which appears on Bruce Springsteen with The Sessions Band: Live in Dublin album, released in 2007.

Personnel

 * Bruce Springsteen, vocals, guitar, harmonica, mandolin

Other versions

 * In 1993, The Band covered the song for their album Jericho. Rolling Stone called it a "clear highlight". After the Band split up, Levon Helm continued to perform "Atlantic City" in his solo performances.
 * In 2001, country singer John Anderson recorded the song for his album, Nobody's Got It All.
 * In 2002, Hank Williams III covered the song on his album Lovesick, Broke and Driftin'.
 * In 2009, The Hold Steady covered the song on the War Child soundtrack.
 * In 2010, English singer song-writer, Jamie T, covered the song on his EP "Emily's Heart".
 * In 2017, Jason Isbell and the 400 Unit covered the song on their album Live from Welcome to 1979.
 * In 2018, Sam Fender covered the song on for 'Five Essential Tracks'.
 * In 2018, country artist Riley Green covered the song on his EP County Line.
 * In 2019, Greensky Bluegrass performed the song live.
 * In 2021, St. Louis–based folk duo River Kittens recorded the song and released an accompanying video.
 * In 2022, Ryan Adams covered the song on his album Nebraska.
 * In 2024, Boyish covered the song on their EP We're All Gonna Die, But Here Are Some Covers.

title: Atlantic City (song)


text:
Rihards Pīks

Rihards Pīks (born December 31, 1941, in Riga) is a Latvian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the People's Party; part of the European People's Party. He served as the Foreign Minister of Latvia from 2004 to 2009.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rihards Pīks


text:
Mervyn Bunter

Mervyn Bunter is a fictional character in Dorothy L. Sayers's novels and short stories. He serves as Lord Peter Wimsey's valet, and served as Wimsey's batman during the First World War. Bunter was partially based on the fictional butler Jeeves, created by P. G. Wodehouse.

Background
Sayers wrote a number of novels and short stories concerning the adventures of a fictional private detective called Lord Peter Wimsey, beginning with a Sexton Blake story Sayers wrote in 1920.

The first Wimsey novel, Whose Body?, was published in 1923, and the last by Sayers alone, Busman's Honeymoon, was published in 1937. Further stories based on original material were published under the authorship of Sayers and Jill Paton Walsh, the last appearing in 2013. The original stories written by Sayers take place between 1921 and 1937; the continuation novels by Walsh extend through the Second World War and into the 1950s.

Role
Mervyn Bunter is Wimsey's manservant. Sayers admitted having partially based Bunter's character on P. G. Wodehouse's Jeeves.

Bunter ensures that his master is dressed well. He is knowledgeable about cuisine, drinks, cigars, and social etiquette.

Bunter is solemn and dignified, with occasional understated sarcasm. He uses carefully correct and sometimes stilted English. He has a talent for music hall mimicry, and assists Wimsey in purchasing rare books and solving crimes.

As a manservant
Bunter occupies a high social position among domestic staff, due to his role as a valet. He is referred to as "Mr Bunter" by all other servants and tradesmen. His dress sense and manners command respect from his colleagues and impress cooks and maids.

He is possesses a calmness which is only broken on two occasions. In The Nine Tailors, Bunter becomes upset after a maid is caught polishing a beer bottle taken as evidence. In Busman's Honeymoon, he becomes furious when Mrs. Ruddle stands all the bottles upright and washes them.

As assistant detective
Bunter regularly assists in deduction, undertaking tasks not suitable for a lord. He possesses a wide-angled lens and a spy camera in his pocket, and photographs crime scenes and fingerprints. He also follows suspects and checks alibis.

With Lord Peter Wimsey and Harriet Vane
Sergeant Bunter was Major Wimsey's batman during the Great War. They served in the Rifle Brigade. In autumn 1918, Wimsey was buried in a dugout by a shell, and was rescued by Bunter, among others. Bunter has saved Wimsey's life several times, notably from a bog in Yorkshire.

Immediately after the war, Bunter took up service with Wimsey. Wimsey was afflicted with shell shock, and Bunter devoted himself to his recovery. Bunter seems to have no other interests than serving Wimsey; he is even ready to give up marriage rather than leave.

In Strong Poison, Wimsey begins a courtship with Harriet Vane, which eclipses Bunter's role in the story. Wimsey is relieved when Bunter accepts Vane. Bunter is consoled when Wimsey turns to him instead of to Vane for assistance in a case. At the end of the case, Bunter and Vane join forces to save Wimsey.

Fictional biography
1850: Birth of Bunter's mother, who lived at least until 1936; his father died earlier. The family was religious: Bunter quotes from the Bible and attends Church of England services; he is High Church.

c. 1880–1889: Bunter is born in Kent; one of seven, including a brother called Meredith.

c. 1885–1894: At age 5, he moves to London.

1914: Bunter is head footman in the house of Sir John Sanderton. He learns housekeeping skills in this household. Bunter joins the Rifle Brigade, presumably as a volunteer, and is posted to France. His social position allows him to rise no higher than sergeant.

1918: In October, Wimsey, with Bunter now his batman, moves into the trenches of Caudry. Within a few weeks, Wimsey is buried in a dugout by shell fire, and Bunter is among those who rescue him.

1919: In January, Bunter appears at the Wimsey's ducal residence to serve him.

1920: To assist Wimsey's recovery, Bunter finds a modern flat in Piccadilly. As well as having a small apartment for photography and chemistry, Bunter is paid £200 per year.

1921: Wimsey and Bunter become involved in their first investigation, which concern the Attenbury Jewels. This case is mentioned several times, but never described until The Attenbury Emeralds.

1921: Bunter assists a doctor friend of Wimsey's with his photographic skills, then helps to solve a murder. The doctor invites Bunter to join them at lunch; Bunter refuses.

1922-1923: The first major investigation. Bunter is on holiday with Wimsey and has allowed Wimsey to go unwashed and unshaven and is photographing scenery instead of fingerprints. On their return Wimsey, refers to Bunter having had "a regular affair with an inn-keeper's daughter." Bunter sees newspaper items referring to the duke's arrest, and they return by air to Yorkshire. Wimsey strays into a bog, and Bunter saves his life. Bunter attends the trial of the duke in Westminster Hall.

c. 1923: Bunter works in the background of the events of "The Abominable History of the Man with Copper Fingers", set in America.

1923-1926: Bunter takes photos of suspects in Paris using a small camera hidden in his breast pocket. On the boat back to England he develops the photos in the cabin. Bunter helps to hold and disarm a female impersonator. Bunter helps Wimsey solve a crossword problem and find a missing will. In The Unprincipled affair of the Practical Joker, Bunter stays at a hotel with Wimsey, but has no part in the story. In The Learned Adventure of the Dragon’s Head, Bunter assists in capturing burglars, but has no part in finding the treasure.

1927: In Unnatural Death, Bunter's photographic skills provide a vital clue to a double identity.

1928: The events of The Unpleasantness at the Bellona Club occur.

1929: In The Adventurous Exploit of the Cave of Ali Baba, a decoy will leaves £500 per annum to Bunter, plus the lease of the flat in Piccadilly, but Bunter does not appear in the story.

c. 1929: In Absolutely Elsewhere, Bunter is heard on the telephone helping to show how an alibi was faked.

1930: In Strong Poison, Harriet Vane is introduced, and Bunter realises that Lord Peter has fallen in love. Bunter's liaison with a domestic staff member is a major help in proving that a mysterious powder is arsenic.

1931: In The Five Red Herrings, Bunter is living in a Kirkcudbrightshire cottage. He takes a local maid to the cinema, getting her to speak about her employer's secrets. He receives little mention, however, and is not included in the reconstruction of the crime. In Have His Carcase, Bunter appears very little. He is allowed to carry out a difficult piece of surveillance. In "The Incredible Elopement of Lord Peter Wimsey", Wimsey travels by train with Bunter and asks him to get the train staff to open up the commissariat and secure food for Langley.

1932: In "The Queen's Square", at a country house Christmas party attended by Wimsey, Bunter assists with the refreshments. After a murder, Bunter and Wimsey take a number of photographs which are developed in the cellar. Bunter's explanation of the effects of light enables Wimsey to solve the crime. In Murder Must Advertise, there is only one reference to Bunter.

1933: In The Nine Tailors, Bunter plays a significant role, serving as valet and assistant investigator. The servant Emily upsets Bunter by wiping fingerprints from a beer bottle. When the village is flooded, Bunter acts as butler for the whole parish, including his music hall impressions.

1934: In Gaudy Night, Bunter plays a minor part. He is allowed to use his camera and find a hairpin.

1935: In Busman's Honeymoon, Bunter prepares Wimsey and his nephew for Wimsey's wedding. He takes part in the subterfuge which whisks the couple away from reporters afterwards. He deals with the strange circumstances surrounding their arrival at Talboys and efficiently sets up a support group over which he presides. He also hires a number of animals to scare off reporters. The housekeeper provokes an outburst from him when she washes the bottles of Cockburn '96 port. Bunter is almost overwhelmed when Wimsey turns to him, not his new wife, for help. Bunter and Vane together help Wimsey at the execution of the murderer.

1936-1937: In Thrones, Dominations, Bunter is in service to Vane and Wimsey in their London house with his brother Meredith as butler. Bunter is called upon to assist in an investigation. He uses his camera at the scene of the crime and discovers a blocked sink; he goes to France with Wimsey on a diplomatic mission concerning the new king Edward VIII. Bunter marries professional photographer Hope Fanshaw. They have a son, Peter Meredith, born December 1937.

1940: In A Presumption of Death, Vane moves with her children from London to Talboys at Paggleham, Hertfordshire. Bunter accompanies Wimsey on secret missions in Europe. He returns without Wimsey and resumes service with Vane. His wife, Hope, is working on aerial reconnaissance at Lopsley Manor; their son is with her parents in Evesham. Bunter attempts to rejoin the services, but is too old and instead takes part in organising the local Home Guard unit; he makes pellets for their shotguns. Bunter makes himself quarters in the attic. After Wimsey's return, he becomes involved in the death of a spy. He visits his son and in-laws in Evesham, and a friend in Gloucester. He deals in the country black market for the family.

1941: Hope's studio is blitzed, so the Bunters rent a cottage in Paggleham near Talboys.

1942: In "Talboys", Bunter is only mentioned as a servant who sleeps in the attic. The last words of the story refer to "Bunter who knew everything without asking."

In popular culture
In the 1998 horror novel Bag of Bones by Stephen King, Bunter is the name given to the moose head that sits over the fireplace of main character Mike Noonan's vacation house.

Reception
Bunter has been described as resembling P. G. Wodehouse's Jeeves. A perfect manservant and a detective's assistant, he has been said to be more intelligent then Holmes' Watson.

title: Mervyn Bunter


text:
Mullion

A mullion is a vertical element that forms a division between units of a window or screen, or is used decoratively. It is also often used as a division between double doors. When dividing adjacent window units its primary purpose is a rigid support to the glazing of the window. Its secondary purpose is to provide structural support to an arch or lintel above the window opening. Horizontal elements separating the head of a door from a window above are called transoms.

History
Stone mullions were used in Armenian, Saxon and Islamic architecture prior to the 10th century. They became a common and fashionable architectural feature across Europe in Romanesque architecture, with paired windows divided by a mullion, set beneath a single arch. The same structural form was used for open arcades as well as windows, and is found in galleries and cloisters.

In Gothic architecture, windows became larger and arrangements of multiple mullions and openings were used, both for structure and ornament. This is particularly the case in Gothic cathedrals and churches where stained glass was set in lead and ferramenta between the stone mullions. Mullioned windows of a simpler form continued to be used into the Renaissance and various Revival styles. Italian windows with a single mullion, dividing the window into two equal elements are said to be biforate, or to parallel the Italian bifore windows.

Design

Mullions may be made of any material, but wood and aluminium are most common, although glass is also used between windows. I. M. Pei used all-glass mullions in his design of JFK Airport's Terminal 6 (National Airlines Sundrome), unprecedented at the time.

Mullions are vertical elements and are often confused with transoms, which lie horizontally. In US parlance, the word is also confused with the "muntin" ("glazing bar" in the UK) which is the precise word for the very small strips of wood or metal that divide a sash into smaller glass "panes" or "lights".

A mullion acts as a structural member, in most applications the mullion transfers wind loads and weight of the glazing and upper levels into the structure below. In a curtain wall screen, however, the mullions only support the weight of the transoms, glass and any opening vents. Also in the case of a curtain wall screen the weight of glazing can be supported from above (providing the structure can take the required loads) this puts the mullions under tension rather than compression.

When a very large glazed area was desired before the middle of the nineteenth century, such as in the large windows seen in Gothic churches or Elizabethan palaces, the openings necessarily required division into a framework of mullions and transoms, often of stone. It was further necessary for each glazed panel, sash or casement to be further subdivided by muntins or lead cames because large panes of glass were reserved primarily for use as mirrors, being far too costly to use for glazing windows or doors.

In traditional designs today, mullions and transoms are normally used in combination with divided-light windows and doors when glazing porches or other large areas.

title: Mullion


text:
User:Ocollard

I am 33 years old, male, software engineer at Atos Origin.

I live in Paris.

I am the author of Amiglobe (http://www.amiglobe.com), a shareware geographical atlas for Windows.

title: User:Ocollard


text: Category:English psychiatrists

title: Category:English psychiatrists


text: Category:British psychiatrists

title: Category:British psychiatrists


text:
Osorno

Osorno may refer to:

Places and administrative divisions

 * Osorno, Chile, a city in Chile
 * Osorno Province, a province of Chile
 * Osorno (volcano), a 2,661-meters (8700-feet) tall conical volcano, located in Chile
 * Osorno la Mayor, a municipio in Palencia Province, Castile and León, Spain

Nobility

 * Count of Osorno, a Spanish title
 * Marquis of Osorno, title granted to Ambrosio O'Higgins, 1st Marquis of Osorno

People

 * José Francisco Osorno (1769–1824), Mexican revolutionary active in Zacatlán
 * Daniel Osorno (born 1979), retired Mexican football player
 * Guillermo Osorno, Nicaraguan pastor and radio evangelist, founder of the Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path
 * Nicolás Osorno, President of Nicaragua from 1 to 5 August 1889

Other

 * Osorno Airport, a public use airport near Osorno, Chile
 * Osorno Pilauco Airport, a public use airport near Osorno, Chile
 * Osorno Básquetbol, a basketball team in the Liga Nacional de Básquetbol de Chile
 * Provincial Osorno, a football club based in Osorno, Chile
 * SS Osorno, a German cargo ship, launched in 1938, beached on 25 December 1943, and permanently destroyed on 26 August 1944

title: Osorno


text:
Talk:1,2-Dimethyl-chickenwire

This article was listed on Votes for deletion and the consensus was merge with Chicken wire (chemistry) and redirect: see Votes for deletion/1,2-Dimethyl-chickenwire —Stormie 09:02, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:1,2-Dimethyl-chickenwire


text: Category:Welsh scientists

title: Category:Welsh scientists


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/55 bar

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Keep 8 / Delete 5... Lucky made an agreement to Katefan0, which could be assumed as a keep. The author expressed a transwiki to Wikitravel, which did not appear in any of the votes after the nomination. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:43, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

55 bar
This is a listing for one of the many jazz clubs in NYC, but I don't think this is a historically important jazz club which would qualify as being Wikipedia article-worthy. This bar listing would be better served at Wikitravel. — Brim 09:14, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, article does not establish notability. Megan1967 09:32, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There are thousands of bars in New York. A Google search for this one ("55 Bar" "New York") finds just 14 hits. — Asbestos | Talk 12:30, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I get 6,000 hits for that Google... sjorford// 16:59, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Not notable. Inter 15:35, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep fairly notable, it's been around for 86 years and is notable within the NY jazz scene. Certainly not just another corner pub. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  15:56, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP! It is an extremely popular historical jazz bar in NYC and in fact used to be a speakeasy during Prohibition. Try Googling "55 bar" NYC and you'll see lots more hits than 14. Katefan0 16:51, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia isn't a guide to NYC bars and jazz clubs.  And, in the context of the history of Jazz, it doesn't appear that this club is an important enough venue that an Encyclopedia of Jazz would have an article on it, assuming that Wikipedia is an Encyclopedia of Jazz.  --BM 18:07, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think you're correct about that. AllAboutJazz, a Jazz website, mentions 55 Bar some 500+ times.  See http://www.google.com/custom?sitesearch=allaboutjazz.com&domains=allaboutjazz.com&q=55+bar Also, a Google search for "55 Bar" +jazz brings up 7,690 hits.  Clearly it's notable within a jazz context.  Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  18:17, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * I did those kind of searches too.  Sure its a venue for jazz, which means that jazz musicians do gigs there.  These are announced on allaboutjazz.com, which produces Google hits.    But to be significant, I'd want to see some evidence that this is a place which is more than just another venue.  Is it the place where important jazz musicians got their start, for example?   Have the owners of it been impresarios who were important in encouraging the development of new styles.  Any place that is in business as a jazz venue has to have enough local notability to attract paying customers; but that doesn't make it encyclopedically notable.    There must be 30 jazz clubs in NYC.  What makes this one stand out, apart from cheap beer and a low cover charge?   No change of vote.  Notability still not established. --BM 19:35, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. The article does not establish notability by itself but there are plenty of hits on Google. Cleanup and expand the article. Carrp | Talk 18:13, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Clearly the article needs some work, but I remind everyone that the bar for inclusion is not the current shape of the article, but whether it has the potential to become encyclopedic. Katefan0 18:40, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, helpful. Wyss 19:07, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with Katefan. Sub-stubbish as is, but certainly serviceable.  Notability established, too. - Lucky 6.9 22:27, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * keep. Mikkalai 07:14, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral. Current article does not establish notability, number of Google hits is just par for a live music venue. If someone wants to demonstrate notability, they should do so in the article. -- Jmabel | Talk 08:05, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Extreme keep, agree with Katefan0. —RaD Man (talk) 09:39, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, rather famous. James F. (talk) 14:52, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, famous if you know about such things. Of course, if a bunch of deletionists haven't heard of it, it must go, musn't it ;) Dan100 21:41, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Now now. I am a deletionist, and you see how I have voted. Katefan0 22:13, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * If the inclusionists would take the trouble to mention why its famous, apart from citing Google hits, which are not indicative of the importance of a jazz venue, the deletionists might not be saying delete. Deletionists don't want to delete the Wikipedia, you know; they just want to have articles that are about significant, important, notable, subjects.  You know, like an encyclopedia.  --BM 22:32, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'd be very willing to vote keep, but googling and vague generalities about importance are not enough to do so.  Please establish notability in the article. Tuf-Kat 03:31, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/55 bar


text:
AeroHonduras

AeroHonduras S.A./C.V. was an airline based at Toncontín International Airport in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. It operated scheduled flights within Central America and the United States.

History
Originally established as Sol Air in January 2002, the airline leased a Boeing 727-200 from Falcon Air Express and started operations on July 12 of that year. In July 2004, the Venezuelan state-owned airline Aeropostal acquired a 45% stake in the company and rebranded it as AeroHonduras; the airline's President, Ricardo Martinez, retained the remaining 55% stake.

On August 5, 2005, AeroHonduras suspended operations after its only operating Boeing 737-300 leased from Falcon Air Express and was taken back by the company. Although the airline initially indicated that it was a temporary move, there had been issues with financial payment for services, delays associated with repairs and financial mismanagement associated with its suspension of service.

Destinations
AeroHonduras operated flights to the following cities:

Fleet
AeroHonduras operated the following aircraft:

title: AeroHonduras


text: Talk:Henry Wong (Digimon Tamers)

title: Talk:Henry Wong (Digimon Tamers)


text:
Talk:Nuker

This article was listed on Votes for deletion and the consensus was keep: see Votes for deletion/Nuker —Stormie 09:02, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

Other positions
Should the article have a section that lists other positions/name of persons? Such as SiteOps, courier, etc?

title: Talk:Nuker


text:
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna

Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP / PLF; lit. 'People's Liberation Front') is a Marxist–Leninist communist party in Sri Lanka. The party was formerly a revolutionary movement and was involved in two armed uprisings against the government of Sri Lanka: once in 1971 (SLFP), and another in 1987–89 (UNP). The motive for both uprisings was to establish a socialist state.

The JVP was initially a small organisation that became a well-organised party that could influence mainstream politics. Its members openly campaigned for the left-wing coalition government of the SLFP-led United Front. However, following their disillusion with the coalition, they began an insurrection against the Dominion of Ceylon in early 1971, which intensified following the ban on the party. The JVP's military wing, the Red Guard, captured over 76 police strongholds throughout the island of Ceylon.

The JVP entered democratic politics in 1977 when President J.R. Jayewardene released the JVP leader, Rohana Wijeweera, from prison. Wijeweera contested in the 1982 presidential elections and was the third most successful candidate, winning 4.16% of the votes cast. Before the elections, he had been convicted by the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC) for conspiring to overthrow the state violently. The JVP launched a more organized insurrection for the second time in 1987 after the signing of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord.

Following Operation Combine and Wijeweera's death, the JVP returned to elections as the National Salvation Front. The surviving JVP members campaigned in the 1994 elections, but eventually withdrew and supported the nationalist Sri Lanka Freedom Party, the main opposition party at the time. In 2004, it joined the government as a part of the United People's Freedom Alliance and supported the government in its war against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), but subsequently left the coalition government. Later, it contested under its own national coalition, the National People's Power (NPP) and has since been a prominent third party in Sri Lankan politics.

History
The JVP was founded in 1965 to provide a leading force for a communist revolution in Sri Lanka. In 1965, there were four other leftist political parties: the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP), established in 1935 as the first political party in Sri Lanka; the Communist Party of Sri Lanka (CPSL), which broke away from the LSSP and formed their own party in 1943 due to differences of opinion on supporting Britain during the 2nd World War; the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP); and the Peking Left.

Since the country's independence, the two main parties, the United National Party (UNP) and the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP, which broke away from the UNP in 1951), governed the country for eight years each, and the country's economic outlook worsened. According to the JVP's founders, neither party had been able to implement even a single measure to resolve the crisis. The JVP considered the entry of three left parties into the United Front (UF) of Sri Lanka in 1964 as a conscious betrayal of the aspirations of the people and the working class. Inflation, unemployment, and food prices increased despite government efforts to prevent it.

Rohana Wijeweera
Rohana Wijeweera's father was a political activist of the CPSL. During an election campaign in the 1960s, he was severely assaulted by UNP members and was paralysed; Wijeweera was likely emotionally affected, which may have changed his views and caused his hatred against the UNP. When Wijeweera's further education was threatened as a result of his father's incapacitation, the CPSL arranged a scholarship for him to study medicine at the Patrice Lumumba Friendship University in Moscow, where he read the works of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Lenin, and became a committed Marxist.

Effects of the Sino–Soviet split
By this time, the United Socialist Party (USP) was divided into two factions: the Chinese faction and the Soviet faction. Wijeweera broke away from the CPC which was aligned with the USSR and joined the Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist).

After a visit to Sri Lanka in 1964, he was not permitted to return to the USSR: his student activism in favour of Maoism while in Moscow displeased the Russians. The Chinese faction was led by Premalal Kumarasiri. Through his father's political activities, Wijeweera contacted Kumarasiri and joined the party's staff and became part of the trade union office.

Split
Wijeweera increasingly felt that the Left movement (generally referred to in Sri Lanka as "old left") that existed until then had not produced enough professional revolutionaries and had never made a meaningful effort to educate the masses on Marxism. Workers accepted the words mouthed by the leaders of the "old left" as the final word. He also believed that the leadership of the "old left", aware of this aspect, utilised it to the fullest to blunt workers' militancy. Wijeweera and others decided in mid-1965 to launch a new party that was explicitly revolutionary in character; it was formed without breaking off from other established parties. The cadres engaged themselves in political activities that consisted mainly of trying to increase the political awareness of the working class.

Five classes
Wijeweera felt that one of the more important tasks was to educate the masses politically. After deliberating on the issue, it was decided that an uncomplicated Marxist analysis of the socio-politico-economic problems of the country should be the introductory step. The Marxist analysis was split into five discussions along with five main themes.

Throughout the rest of 1968, Wijeweera traveled across the country, conducting political classes for the members of the party. An education camp followed the five basic political classes. Precautions had to be taken to keep this educational camp a secret to avoid alarming the government and the "old left". All conducted by Wijeweera, the classes stretched from 17 to 18 hours a day, interrupted only by meals.

By 1971, the JVP established itself as a political party and offered an alternative to those disillusioned with the politics of the other left organizations. Most of the members and supporters of the JVP at the time were young adults. Alarmed at the JVP's political potential and challenge, the government and its leftist allies levelled a variety of slander against it. Many representatives of the "old left" called the JVP members "CIA agents attempting to overthrow the pro-Eastern bloc party".

Building cells
JVP built cells in multiple countries, including South Yemen, Belgium, the UK, and Ba'athist Iraq; South Yemen also promised to hold some weapon supplies; although the manufacturer later said that there was no possible way to supply weapons, the government congratulated the organisation with a letter that read "Revolutionary Greetings".

1971 uprising
The 1971 uprising led by the JVP was unsuccessful and allegedly claimed nearly 5,000 lives. The JVP drew worldwide attention when it launched an insurrection against the Bandaranaike government in April 1971. Although the insurgents were young, poorly armed, and inadequately trained, they seized and held major areas in the southern and central provinces of Sri Lanka before they were defeated by the security forces. Their attempt to seize power created a major crisis for the government and forced a fundamental reassessment of the nation's security needs. In March 1971, after an accidental explosion in one of the bomb factories, the police found fifty-eight bombs in a hut in Nelundeniya, Kegalle District. Shortly afterward, Wijeweera was arrested and sent to Jaffna Prison, where he remained throughout the revolt. In response to his arrest and the growing pressure of police investigations, other JVP leaders acted immediately, and started the uprising at 11:00 p.m. on 5 April. After two weeks of fighting, the government regained control of all but a few remote areas. In both human and political terms, the cost of the victory was high: an estimated 30,000 insurgents, according to the JVP, many of them in their teens, died in the conflict. The army and police were also widely perceived to have used excessive force. In order to win over an alienated population and to prevent a prolonged conflict, Bandaranaike offered amnesties in May and June 1971, and the top leaders were imprisoned. Wijeweera, who was already in detention at the time of the uprising, was given a twenty-year sentence.

Insurgency 1987–1989

The Indian intervention through the Indo-Sri Lanka accord and the plan to divide the island led to the 1987–1989 revolt. The JVP exploited the arrival of the Indian Peace-keeping Force and the widespread nationalist sentiments of large sections of the Sinhalese people to terrorise both the state machinery and sections of civil society that opposed its thinking, which almost overpowered the state. Organised in multiple cells countrywide and mostly based around the capital Kandy in the centre, the JVP murdered probably thousands of people and crippled the country with violently enforced hartals (general strikes) for three years. Government forces captured and killed Wijeweera and his deputy in November 1989 in Colombo; by early 1990 they had killed or imprisoned the remaining JVP politburo and detained an estimated 7,000 suspected JVP members. Although the government won a decisive military victory, there were credible accusations of brutality and extrajudicial methods. The number of deaths during the insurgency is uncertain, as the government was also fighting Tamil insurgent groups at the time. Multiple official and unofficial forces and reports confirm that the death toll exceeded 60,000. In addition, many people took advantage of the chaos to instigate deadly local feuds.

What is certain is the methods of death, including necklacing, victims eviscerated and left to die, and even the occasion of eighteen heads arranged around the Alwis pond at the University of Peradeniya, which occurred the day after T.E. Nagahawatte, the Assistant Registrar of the university and a volunteer officer, was killed by two gunmen inside university premises. For genocide studies, it was an example of politicide that happened in a democratic regime, which resulted in the killing of at least 13,000 and 30,000 JVP members and its alleged supporters.

Military organization
The JVP military section which was made up mostly of inadequately trained youths, were responsible for attacks on several locations throughout Ceylon, including on the Jaffna prison, SLAF Ekala and the Wellawaya town in 1971. Later in the 80s, JVP with the assistance of several other militant organisations trained the Patriotic People's Armed Forces. PPAF carried out more well planned attacks such as the attack on the Pallekele detachment. The military section of the JVP in the late 80s were led by the DJV leader Keerthi Vijayabahu.

1971
Despite the lack of training they received, the JVP militants were armed with shotguns, wore blue colored uniforms with boots and helmets, carried hatchets, and ammunition. The primary source of funding were bank robberies.

1987–1989
During its second insurgency, they were armed with stolen weapons such as AK 47, T 56, and .303 British rifles.

International relationships
The JVP has been internationally affiliated to multiple organisations, some of which were the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the National Liberation Front of Yemen, and the Korean Workers' Party (KWP).

North Korea
In the early 1970s, North Korea backed the JVP by supplying training. As a result, diplomatic connections between Sri Lanka and North Korea were cut off and were not re-established. 18 North Koreans were expelled from the island, but it did not stop their support of the JVP, and Indian patrol boats deployed around the island were attacked by North Korean gunboats that raided the territory. Prior to expulsion, the North Koreans spent 14,000 dollars supporting the movement with propaganda. They also supplied militant equipment and instructions on making explosives and conducting guerrilla warfare. In 2017, the Sri Lankan government imposed UN sanctions on North Korea. The leader of the JVP, Anura Kumara Dissanayake, criticised the procedure, claiming North Korea is socialist and that Sri Lanka should support it.

Maintaining relations with North Korea
In 1970 a North Korean trade office in Colombo became an embassy and started its work the same year. While in Sri Lanka, North Korean diplomats cultivated links to the JVP, and the nation helped the group directly through the office. Wijeweera visited North Korea prior to the establishment of the JVP.

Iraq
The JVP sectors before the 1970s were limited to the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Iraq (ASBPI). Wijeweera and Shantha Bandara visited Iraq multiple times in order to meet the members of the ASBPI. Bandara successfully formed the Inter-University Students' Federation to work as a liaison point between the two parties. When the Iran–Iraq War began, a few members of the JVP protested in front of the Iranian embassy. During the second JVP insurgency, the JVP received money from Iraq to fund the Patriotic People's Movement.

Soviet Union
The Soviet Union began to recognise the JVP in 1978 when it was no longer affiliated to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The Soviet Communist Party invited the organisation along with the CPSL to participate in the International Federation of Youths and Students. All financing was provided by the Soviet Union for the parties that visited the meeting upon Soviet invitation.

Ideology
The JVP's ideology has occasionally changed depending on its leadership or other national and political issues within Sri Lanka or any other influential group. The JVP's mixed ideology was shaped by its origin from Maoism and transition to other forms of Marxism like Guevarism and Ho Chi Minh Thought. In the beginning, it had schisms from internal ideological conflicts.

First five lectures (1965–1983)
The first five lectures of the JVP based on class and social struggle were about the "failures" of the old left and the "path" for a new left. Wijeweera, who held anti-Indian sentiments, gave lectures against Indian irredentism. The rest of the lectures are based on economy and unemployment.

Jathika Chintanaya (1983–1989)
In 1983, the JVP's ideology was modified, as the party foresaw the consequence of inaction against Indian intelligence agencies (particularly the Research and Analysis Wing) infiltrating the national patronage. By this time it developed its own ideology named Jathika Chintanaya.

Third lecture (1994–present)
Somawansa Amarasinghe, who subsequently became the leader, modified the JVP from the roots re-socialised with other democratic groups. It refused to be affiliated nationally, but later joined some left-right alliances such as the United National Front. The organisation believes in democracy-based political lines rather than insurrectionist lines it appreciated since its conception. The JVP formed the National People's Power in 2015, which consists of various leftist groups that follow various leftist ideologies such as agrarian socialism, democratic socialism and revolutionary socialism. The current ideology of the group is democracy and anti-imperialism.

Prior to the 1971 insurrection
JVP was not recognised as a political party until its first uprising. The party rejected being a democratic party following the military coup in Indonesia against the Indonesian Communist Party. It complained that the Ceylonese government would try to militarily defeat the group if it stopped arming itself. The government banned the JVP following an attack on the United States high commission in Ceylon. The government blamed the protests that led to the attack on the JVP members, but it was revealed that the attack was conducted by a Maoist organisation.

After the 1971 uprising
The brief conflict created turmoil in Sri Lanka's national politics and its international relations. Many countries were blamed for supporting the JVP, including the People's Republic of China (China) and North Korea; China denied supporting the party. As a result of the struggle, the UF government denounced the JVP in April 1971, and it became an underground organisation, though it participated in the 1978 local government elections. It refrained from attacking the government as the UF government was already facing persecution.

Entrance to elections
After the 1978 elections, the organisation's reputation among revolutionaries decreased; however, the public began to recognise it, and it quickly gained members. In 1982 the JVP participated in the District Development Council (DDC) elections and the presidential elections; it was the only radical party that contested the DDC elections in 1982.

The UNP had introduced the District Development Council as a solution to the ethnic conflict. The Nava Sama Samaja Party (NSSP), CPSL, and the nationalistic SLFP boycotted the elections, but as the JVP contested, it won a couple of seats in the council's elections. Around this time, the Election Commission of Sri Lanka formally recognised the JVP as a legitimate political party.

Persecution of the United Front
In 1978, the UNP introduced commissions to charge UF members for ignoring or violating human rights in events such as the humiliation, rape, and murder of Premawathie Manamperi. The UNP called JVP members to give evidence against the UF; the UF criticised the procedure, calling it capitalist. Afterwards, the UF members lost their civil ownership, and were not allowed to participate in the 1978 elections. As a result, the Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) came to become the opposition, which the JVP tried to remove.

1982 presidential election
In 1982, Wijeweera contested the presidential elections. The party expected to win more than 500,000 votes but won only 275,000. Although it received more votes than Colvin R. de Silva, the party was disappointed by the results. The government banned the party again, and JVP membership dropped as people began to doubt its electoral viability.

1983 ethnic riots
After the ethnic riots, the government denounced the JVP, CPSL, and NSSP to get the UK and US' attention, claiming that the parties were involved in the Black July riots that killed thousands of Tamils. The proscription on the CPSL was lifted due to its Tamil representation, but the JVP continued to be banned.

Full-time performance in elections
After JVP leadership was eliminated by state repression during the Premadasa government, it was resurrected as a political party joining the mainstream led by Somawansa Amerasinghe – the only surviving member of the decimated JVP politburo. However, the JVP had an internal conflict: JVP supported Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaranatunga's election campaign after withdrawing their candidate. The JVP contested the presidential elections in 1999 and their candidate Nandana Gunatilleke received 4.08% of the vote. The JVP was contested by the National Salvation Front.

The high point of the JVP's electoral effort was at the legislative elections held on 2 April 2004. The party was part of the United People's Freedom Alliance that won 45.6% of the popular vote and 105 out of the 225 seats in Parliament. As the second-largest party of this coalition, it became part of the government with 39 Members of Parliament and three cabinet portfolios.

Post-tsunami violence
Shortly after the 2004 tsunami, the JVP believed the Sri Lankan government was seeking assistance from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). After multiple arguments, the JVP and Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU; Sinhala National Heritage) protested against the peace involvement from Norway. Subsequently, Tamil journalist Dharman Sivaram was assassinated. The Therraputtabaya Brigade, unknown before, issued death threats to multiple other journalists, which included former JVP member Victor Ivan.

2005 presidential election
In 2005, Mahinda Rajapaksa was elected president of Sri Lanka. Some political analysts believed that the majority of support and endorsement to Rajapakse came from the JVP due to Rajapaksha opposing the peace process. A few analysts reject this idea, saying that JVP was too weak to make an influence in mainstream elections. Other independent intellectuals, like Dayan Jayatilleka, Nalin de Silva and Mohan Samaranayake, pointed out that the Rajapaksha agreement with the JVP ensured his victory.

Internal conflict of April 2008
The party experienced an internal conflict between the two factions of Wimal Weerawansa and the party leadership in April 2008. The party decided to suspend Weerawansa's on 21 March 2008. Media reports said that Weerawansa had an argument with the leadership based on the disarmament of the Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal political party, which was attempting to participate in the country's eastern provincial council elections to be held in May 2008 under the ruling United People's Freedom Alliance.

A member of the party, Piyasiri Wijenayake, accused the UNP of conspiring against the JVP at a media conference held at Nippon Hotel in Colombo on 8 April 2008. He alleged that Ravi Karunanayake, a UNP member who had attended a meeting with senior JVP leaders at his residence, was the main conspirator. Wijenayake told BBC that his and Achala Suranga Jagoda's vehicles were forcefully removed by the group led by Jayanatha Wijesekara, a Member of Parliament from the Trincomalee district.

Weerawansa's group visited the most senior Buddhist monks of Asgiriya and Malwatte chapters on 20 April 2008 to seek blessings for their new political movement. Weerawansa also accused the UNP Kotte leaders of the conspiracy against the JVP. Weerawansa's group then formed a new political party called the Jathika Nidahas Peramuna (JNP). Party activities began on 14 May 2008, the anniversary of the day Wijeweera had formed the JVP in 1965 and of the day the LTTE killed 146 pilgrims during the Anuradhapura massacre at the Sri Maha Bodhi in 1985. The party leaders said that the new political party was an alternative to the two main political parties, UNP and SLFP, but not the JVP. In December 2008, the JNP joined the government, and claimed that the government should be supported at this moment as it was successfully fighting the LTTE in the north of Sri Lanka. JVP politicians blamed the government, saying that it had mishandled many problems, and alleged that their rivals had joined the government for personal gain.

2010 presidential and parliamentary elections
JVP formed a coalition with UNP to support Sarath Fonseka, the former army chief, in the 2010 presidential elections, but he was defeated by the incumbent, Mahinda Rajapaksa. After this, the UNP left the coalition and the JVP contested the general elections along with Sarath Fonseka's factions under the banner of Democratic National Alliance. The alliance won 7 seats, of which 4 were won by JVP candidates. The party had 39 seats before the elections.

Internal conflict in April 2012
The party had a schism in 2012 when a group of members left the party to make the new Frontline Socialist Party (FLSP). Although the FLSP was not as successful as the JVP, they still participated in elections. FLSP failed to overcome the JVP's popularity, but they remained more active by conducting protests and anti-American propaganda.

Formation of the FLSP
Premakumar Gunaratnam was an elusive leader and JVP leaders denied his existence. In April 2012, the internal crisis within the party heated up between the hard-core socialist Gunaratnam and the party leader Somawansa Amarasinghe. As a result, the party's media unit was shut down once a majority of the members extended their support to Gunaratnam. The women's wing and a majority of the students and youth wings have extended their support to the Gunaratnam group.

Several student union leaders like Duminda Nagamuwa, Udul Premaratne, and Chameera Koswatta sided with the FLSP.

2015 presidential and parliamentary elections
JVP neither contested nor directly supported any coalition in the January 2015 presidential election, but it heavily criticised incumbent President Mahinda Rajapaksa, which assisted in his defeat. Later in August the party participated in the parliamentary election and obtained six seats, receiving 543,944 votes.

2019 presidential elections
The party went to the elections as National People's Power, and its candidate was Anura Kumara Dissanayake. He received 418,553 votes, which accounted for 3.16% of valid votes in the presidential election. Since then, the party has been called the NPP or JJB (Jathika Jana Balavegaya), but is still referred to as JVP casually.

2020 parliamentary elections
The NPP participated in the 2020 elections, and became fourth from votes. The party gained a total of 445,958 (3.48%) votes, which is the least the party gained since the second election in 1994.

Other notable leaders

 * Sarath Wijesinghe
 * Victor Ivan
 * Jayadeva Uyangoda
 * Upatissa Gamanayake
 * D.M. Ananda
 * H.B. Herath
 * Shantha Bandara
 * Premakumar Gunaratnam
 * P. R. B. Wimalarathna
 * Piyadasa Ranasinghe
 * Nandathilaka Galappaththi
 * Gunaratne Wanasinghe

Offshoots
Since its creation in 1965, JVP has had several major schisms: some branches emerged as militant factions while others participated in elections. Many schisms were due to ideological changes, while others were caused by internal conflicts with other major leaders within the party.

 * The Viplavakari Tharuna Peramuna (Ceylon Revolutionary Youth Front) participated with the JVP and the Lanka Sama Samaja Party in a rally on May Day; it is believed to be an offshoot.
 * The Motherland Defense Front was a patriotic front that was formerly a coalition between the JVP and the Maoists. It was succeeded by the Patriotic People's Movement.
 * The Maoist Youth Front was created in 1970 as a Maoist offshoot of the JVP when a certain number of JVP members were expelled from the group. It emerged as a militant organization before collapsing after the first JVP insurrection in 1971. Its leader was Dharmasekara.
 * The Frontline Socialist Party was formed in 2012.
 * The Jathika Nidahas Peramuna or National Freedom Front (NFF) is a left-wing offshoot of non-radicals formerly part of the JVP led by former JVP member Wimal Weerawansa. To this day, the NFF is a significant minor party in Sri Lankan politics, closely aligned with the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.

Official website

 * English website

Youth wing
syusrilanka.com

Independent sources

 * Rohana Wijeweera: The Killing of Sri Lanka's Stalinist Icon – BBC News
 * JVP in 88–89,"srilankaguardain.org"
 * THE 1971 CEYLONESE INSURRECTION – Fred Halliday
 * SRI LANKA – A LOST REVOLUTION? The Inside Story of the JVP by Rohan Gunaratna
 * Indian Intervention in Sri Lanka : The Role of India's Intelligence Agencies
 * A Lost Revolution: The JVP Insurrection 1971
 * Methek Kathawa Divaina
 * Present Conflict (Tamil Version), Wathman Arbudaya Dutu Nodutu Pathi (Sinhala)
 * Review of 'Satanin Satana' – Book on second JVP insurgency to be released on 20 December, Gamana Akmeemana, Daily Mirror, 24 Jun 2019
 * Book on second JVP insurgency to be released on 20 December, Friday, 16 December 2016,
 * 'Comrade Lionel' to be launched on November 5, Daily News, October 23, 2019

title: Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna


text:
Gábor Demszky

Gábor Demszky (born 4 August 1952) is a Hungarian politician, lawyer and sociologist by qualification. Demszky was the Mayor of Budapest from 1990 to 2010. He was a founding member of the Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) between 1988 and 2010.

Biography
As a teenager, Demszky joined an informal Maoist radical group, which criticized the socialist Kádár's government from an ultra-hardliner communist viewpoint. After two years, he lost faith in political left ideas and took interest in libertarian ideology. He earned a degree in sociology from Eötvös Loránd University. During the late period of communist regime, Demszky was a leading figure of the then illegal underground democratic opposition to the Kádár-system. His main anti-government activities included the organizing of printing and publishing of illegal books, periodicals, and newspapers collectively called 'samizdats'. During this time he was surveyed by the secret services, harassed by authorities and he clashed multiple times with the state police during demonstrations for free press and multi-party democracy.

In the last years of the regime, he was a founding member of the SZDSZ party, which he led briefly during the late 1990s, before he resigned the post of party premier in protest over factionary in-fighting. He did not ask for his membership's renewal in 2010, therefore ceased to be a member. Since he left his office, he is in a set of former mayors who, despite being younger than the retirement age, are eligible for state-pensions, according to the law on local governments. He declared he doesn't plan full-time activity in the future.

Office
Demszky was first elected as Mayor of Budapest in 1990, and has won all the elections in which he run for that position since then (1994, 1998, 2002, 2006). He is with one of the longest serving time among politicians holding the same offices since the fall of communism. During his first term, the primary goal of his mayorship was working against the collapse of public services and order and working against increasing homelessness and unemployment, while dealing with the soviet-era legacy: the environmental damages and the ruined down working infrastructure that had been suffering from underinvestment and lacked satisfactory repairs for at least one decade. Cityscape quality was also ruined because of the pragmatic modernizations of a shortage-economy.

In the first five years they managed to bring unemployment and homelessness down by inviting private investors and building relationships with employee-trainers, but the economy of the city mainly depended on government policy. During the first two terms reconstruction of the Millennium Underground to its Dualism-Era quality was done, as well as building the new Lágymányosi Bridge, and the Hungary Boulevard (the boulevard that is currently the furthest from the city center), while the national government built the southern sector of M0, albeit temporarily on a decreased capacity.

A government denial of transferring of even compulsory funds to compulsory services of the city in the 1998–2002 term led to a stop in infrastructure investment and, in spite of the metropolitan government's own funds were diverted to repair-politics, statistical degradation of the pipe system and all materials (schools, buses, trams, heat plants) in metropolitan ownership took place for four years. Only the cultural life of the city was boosted from government funds constructing the House of Terror, the National Theatre, in Park Millenáris the House of Future and the Palace of Miracles, etc. After what all notable political analysts described as the government fell in trying to make Demszky fall (no Fidesz MEP-nominee could win in, e.g., any electorate district of all districts affected by cancellation of metro line 4, the number of people voting there impacted the rate-defined parliamentary seats dramatically), a faster development started with comprehensive repairs.

From 2004, BKV started a modernization, by 2010 50% of the city's main roads were reconstructed, only the northwestern sector of M0 was missing, the tunnel of metro line 4 was started and metró line 2 was reconstructed, 1 more bridge (Megyeri Bridge) was built and 3 others were completely reconstructed and renovated (Liberty Bridge, Margaret Bridge and North Rail Bridge). Sewage treatment increased from 20% of generated sewage in 1990 to 98% in 2010, pipe-coverage also increased to near 100%. The lighting and traffic-light systems were reconstructed with energy-efficient and non-skypolluting lamps, and the central heating and electric power systems were also reconstructed. In the two last terms the problems to be worked against and finally decreased were rapid increase in modern cars and traffic, and intrusive effects of nightlife. The attention of the local government gradually turned to urban renewal as infrastructure-modernization programs finished and funds spent on them freed up.

Criticism
His party initiated the dissolution of the central local government to district governments which had significant powers like deciding the layouts of areas on the micro-level, or deciding on allowing demolition of large areas after selling them to private investors, which in return built and paved roads and built and replaced pipes in outer districts. He after getting elected as mayor worked for recentralising the city, but could never get the parliament modify the law created during the moment of the second world melting forever.

He became a vocal critic of the districts because they achieved accelerated improvement at the cost of intrusion to the structure of the city, especially to its contiguous areas with potential in tourism or historical reconstruction, and he also became a vocal critic of the passages of the local government law applying to the capital. The districts in turn complained of negligence from the metropolitan government's part and of unfair dealings and distribution of funds and cooperation which outer districts and even professionals of the metropolitan government described as solving problems beginning from the center. His administration was also criticized for not stepping into direct oversight of the financial activities of its companies. This was achieved in cooperation with government agencies (National Bureau of Investigation, Police) during the last government's country-level program of transparency.

In 2006, after the Ferenc Gyurcsány's audiotape-created political crisis broke out, Demszky's actions to seek ways to limit or otherwise restrict demonstrations critical of the government were criticised by his party's opposition and as well as by civil rights groups. He ordered the posting of 100–150 signs forbidding agricultural vehicles to use Budapest's main roads and enter the city center, to prevent an agricultural association staging a protest against the government and also he initiated a regulation, that mandates a permission to be obtained from the mayor's office to set up a stage for the purpose of a political event and also mandates a permission to be obtained for placing vehicles on public property for non-parking reasons. The regulation has been passed in the city council by the government majority, but it has been widely criticised for contradicting the constitution and the law which regulates public assembly (this is a so-called qualified majority law, i.e. in order to modify that law, a 2/3 majority has to be obtained in the national assembly).

In an interview, Demszky stated that the reason for forbidding the tractors was that they would have eroded the freshly reconstructed roads (200 km roads were reconstructed in the year 2006 only) and would have completely disrupted the full traffic of Budapest and since that they would have expressed only a few hundred people's opinion, it was unacceptable. Nevertheless, he thought that the protest had no real basis, as all fund transfers were done that year, the tractors were funded by the government 40–45%, and the leaders of the agricultural association happening to organise were members of that Fidesz faction which agitated to radicals in front of parliament, and refused to be present in the assembly during the Prime Minister's speeches, the only difference was that these members have drawn into battle their supporters' tractors also. However, he stated he never denied the right of protesting and only protected the reconstructed roads from vehicles not supposed to function there.

He was criticized for the worn state of Metro Line 3, which his successor, István Tarlós inherited. During Tarlós' first term trains started burning or smoking multiple times, but this caused neither fatality nor serious injury. Tarlós reacted by scrapping all carriages older than 40 years and by starting the work leading to reconstruction of the line.

Demszky had mobilized and tied down half of the budgets of his last term to investments in infrastructure (like building Metro Line 4 and the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant, which now treats 50% of the capital's sewage), for which he had also secured national and EU funds supplementing the invested amount of the capital multiple times. Thus he could not afford to reconstruct Metro Line 3, but financing the reconstruction's planning would have cost only a few hundred millions of Forints in the approximately 500-billion-Forint yearly budgets, and it would have allowed the reconstruction to start years earlier.

Honours and awards

 * 🇦🇱 Albania: On 29 February 2008 received a copy of the key of the city of Tirana on the occasion of his state visit to Albania.

title: Gábor Demszky


text: File:SteveVaiFlex-Able.jpg

title: File:SteveVaiFlex-Able.jpg


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Talk:Siegen

New Info for Siegen This article is being translated from the German Wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegen New Info should be uploaded by the end of Feb 2005.

--Tommunist 09:22, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Siegen Still coming!
Translation still coming sorry! Been too busy at uni

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:06, 15 November 2019 (UTC)
 * HeinrichKreutz.jpg

title: Talk:Siegen


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mike Elephant

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 07:13, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Mike Elephant
Delete. The actor is not notable, at least as far as I can find. A mere appearance on the Gong Show should not warrant inclusion. His information could perhaps be moved to a Gong Show page, if warranted. --Westendgirl 09:27, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Man gets gonged on the Gong Show. Does anyone else need pointing out the obvious flaw in making that the major claim to fame? Average Earthman 14:31, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete though I would have absolutely loved to see that. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 15:04, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Not notable. Inter 15:34, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, sounds funny though. Rje 17:46, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Wyss 19:03, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Flex-Able

Flex-Able is the debut studio album by American virtuoso guitarist Steve Vai. This was his first as a solo artist, and was created in Stucco Blue, a shed converted into a studio in Vai's old back garden. It is very different from many of his other albums, and is largely influenced by Frank Zappa, whom Vai was a member of his backing band from 1980 to 1983. Flex-Able does not rely as much on massive guitar arrangements and shred moments as the rest of his output from the 1990s onwards, with the exception of Leftovers which is a compilation of bonus tracks and remasters from his sessions at 'Stucco Blue'.

The cover of the May 2009 issue of Guitar World features a photograph of Vai in a pose similar to the album's cover, including the bending guitar neck.

Track listing (Original LP release)
The album was originally released on vinyl in 1984.

All songs written by Steve Vai.

Side one

 * 1) "Little Green Men" – 5:39
 * 2) "Viv Woman" – 3:09
 * 3) "Lovers Are Crazy" – 5:39
 * 4) "Salamanders in the Sun" – 2:26
 * 5) "The Boy/Girl Song" – 4:02

Side two

 * 1) "The Attitude Song" – 3:23
 * 2) "Call It Sleep" – 5:09
 * 3) "Junkie" – 7:23
 * 4) "Bill's Private Parts" – 0:16
 * 5) "Next Stop Earth" – 0:34
 * 6) "There's Something Dead in Here" – 3:46

Track listing (extend edition re-release)
The album was re-released on CD in 1988 by Akashic Records, with four bonus tracks from the Flex-Able Leftovers EP; and again remastered and reissued by Epic Records in 1997, with the same track listing as the Akashic reissue. There is also one European reissue on Curcio Records (released in 1992 in Italy) that features the same cover on the vinyl and just the first eleven tracks.

All songs written by Steve Vai unless otherwise indicated.

 * 1) "Little Green Men" – 5:39
 * 2) "Viv Woman" – 3:09
 * 3) "Lovers Are Crazy" – 5:39
 * 4) "Salamanders in the Sun" – 2:26
 * 5) "The Boy/Girl Song" – 4:02
 * 6) "The Attitude Song" – 3:23
 * 7) "Call It Sleep" – 5:09
 * 8) "Junkie" – 7:23
 * 9) "Bill's Private Parts" – 0:16
 * 10) "Next Stop Earth" – 0:34
 * 11) "There's Something Dead in Here" – 3:46
 * Bonus From Flex-Able Leftovers EP
 * 1) "So Happy" (Steve Vai, Laurel Fishman) – 2:44
 * 2) "Bledsoe Bluvd" – 4:22
 * 3) "Burnin' Down the Mountain" – 4:22
 * 4) "Chronic Insomnia" – 2:05

Trivia
The first song on the album, 'Little Green Men', is dedicated to Nina Hagen and features David Lee Roth as "The Diamond Man."

Personnel

 * Steve Vai – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, synthesizer, bass, percussion, piano, keyboards, sitar, vocals, bells, producer, engineer, drum machine, drum programming, design, and mixing

 * Additional Musicians
 * Scott Collard – synthesizer, keyboards, Fender Rhodes
 * Larry Crane – lyre, xylophone, bells, vibraphone
 * Greg Degler – clarinet, flute, saxophone
 * Joe Despagni – sound effects
 * Laurel Fishman – vocals
 * Peggy Foster – bass
 * Chris Frazier – drums
 * Stuart Hamm – bass, sound effects, vocals, vocals (background)
 * Bob Harris – trumpet, vocals (as Irney Rantin)
 * Suzannah Harris (as Ursula Rayven) – vocals
 * Billy James – percussion, drums
 * Paul Lemcke – keyboards
 * Pia Maiocco – vocals
 * Tommy Mars – violin, keyboards, vocals
 * Lill Vai – sound effects
 * Chad Wackerman – drums
 * Pete Zeldman – percussion, drums

 * Production
 * William Becton – composer
 * Aaron Brown – design, illustrations
 * John Matousek – mastering
 * Mark Pinske – assistant
 * Neil Zlozower – photography

title: Flex-Able


text:
Came

A came is a divider bar used between small pieces of glass to make a larger glazing panel.

There are two kinds of came: the H-shaped sections that hold two pieces together and the U-shaped sections that are used for the borders. Cames are mostly made of lead, zinc, copper, brass or brass-capped lead. Of the metal strips, lead is softer and more flexible, making it easier to cut and bend. The harder metals are used to work with slightly curved lines and pieces that require greater structural support. They can also be used as border came, once again for stability and support.

Purpose
Came serves three purposes:
 * 1) it joins the pieces of glass (the H-shaped channels are used to join two pieces of glass and the U-shaped are used for the border),
 * 2) forms the lines within the glasswork and
 * 3) provides the metal to be soldered, thus joining the pieces of came.

Came face
Came comes in varying face sizes and shapes. They can be round, flat or colonial shaped strips. They can also be narrow or have wide faces.

Came strips
Came strips are 4 to 6 feet in length. The came strips can be a leaf, channel or heart came:

"'The leaf is the surface on either side of the came that overlaps the edges of the glass and is left exposed once the panel has been assembled. It has either a flat or rounded profile and its width is the measurement given when a came size is listed."

"The channel runs the length of the came. H-shaped came has 2 back-to-back channels that hold adjoining glass pieces in position on the interior of a stained glass panel. It can also be used as a border came in certain situations. U-shaped came has only one channel and is used as a border around the perimeter of panels."

"The heart is the part of the came that the glass pieces rest against inside the channel. The width of lead came pattern lines is usually 1/16 inch and allows for the thickness of the came's heart to fit between the adjoining pieces of glass.'"

The width and depth of the came used to assemble the piece affect the pattern for cutting glass and for creating the finished piece.

Border cames
Border cames are U-channel cames that are used on the outside edges of works. The selection of the metal of the came may vary depending upon the work. For instance, zinc may be a solid selection for free-hanging panels, because it is rigid, but lightweight. Architectural panels, on the other hand, are often enclosed in framing and therefore do not require a hard metal.

Bumpers or lead spacers
Bumpers, or lead spacers, are pieces of cut came strips that are left over. They can be used temporarily in the glasswork process to hold together two pieces of glass to estimate the spacing of the finished project.

title: Came


text:
Nimesulide

Nimesulide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with pain medication and fever reducing properties. Its approved indications are the treatment of acute pain, the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis, and primary dysmenorrhoea in adolescents and adults above 12 years old.

Side effects may include liver problems. It has a multifactorial mode of action and is characterized by a fast onset of action. It works by blocking the production of prostaglandins (a chemical associated with pain), thereby relieving pain and inflammation.

Medical uses
It may be used for pain, including period pains. Nimesulide is not recommended long-term, as for chronic conditions such as arthritis. This is due to its association with an increased risk of liver toxicity, including liver failure. Despite its risk of hepatotoxicity, a 2012 evaluation by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) concluded that the overall benefit/risk profile of nimesulide is favourable and in line with that of the other NSAIDs such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen provided that the duration of use is limited to 15 days and the dose does not exceed 200 mg/day.

Children
Less than 10 days of nimesulide does not appear to increase the risk of hypothermia, gastrointestinal bleeding, epigastric pain, vomiting, diarrhea, or transient, asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes compared to ketoprofen, paracetamol, mefenamic acid, aspirin, or ibuprofen in children. However, data does not speak to populations less than 6 months old.

Pregnancy and lactation
Women should use the drug with caution during lactation and nimesulide is contraindicated during pregnancy, and research suggest that it is also contraindicated in lactating women.

Available forms

Nimesulide is available in a variety of forms: tablets, powder for dissolution in water, suppositories, mouth dissolving tablets, and topical gel.

Contraindications
It should be avoided by children under 12 and people with liver problems.

Side effects
Due to concerns about the risk of liver toxicity, nimesulide has been withdrawn from market in several countries (Mexico, Spain, Finland, Belgium, and Ireland). Liver problems have resulted in both deaths and the need for transplantation. This may occur in as little as three days after starting the medication.

Continuous use of nimesulide (more than 15 days) may cause the following side effects:

 * Diarrhea
 * Vomiting
 * Skin rash
 * Itchiness
 * Dizziness
 * Bitterness in mouth

Pharmacodynamics
Nimesulide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), acting specifically as a relatively selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. However, the pharmacological profile of nimesulide is peculiar, and additional, unknown/yet-to-be-identified mechanisms appear to also be involved. One pathway that has been implicated in its actions is the ecto-5'-nucleotidase (e-5′NT/CD73)/adenosine A2A receptor pathway.

Pharmacokinetics
Nimesulide is absorbed rapidly following oral administration.

Nimesulide undergoes extensive biotransformation, mainly to 4-hydroxynimesulide (which also appears to be biologically active).

Food, sex, and advanced age have negligible effects on nimesulide pharmacokinetics.

Moderate chronic kidney disease does not necessitate dosage adjustment, while in patients with severe chronic kidney disease or liver disease, nimesulide is contraindicated.

Nimesulide has a relatively rapid onset of action, with meaningful reductions in pain and inflammation observed within 15 minutes from drug intake.

The therapeutic effects of nimesulide are the result of its complex mode of action, which targets a number of key mediators of the inflammatory process such as: COX-2 mediated prostaglandins, free radicals, proteolytic enzymes, and histamine. Clinical evidence is available to support a particularly good profile in terms of gastrointestinal tolerability.

History
Nimesulide was launched in Italy for the first time as Aulin and Mesulid in 1985 and is available in more than 50 countries worldwide, including among others France, Portugal, Greece, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia, Thailand, and Brazil. Nimesulide has never been filed for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluation in the United States, where it is not marketed.

Brand names
Nimesulide is available throughout the world as original product with the following trademarks: Sulide, Nimalox, Mesulid (Novartis, Brazil, Boehringer Ingelheim, Greece, Italy), Coxtal (Sanofi, China, Bulgaria), Sintalgin (Abbott, Brazil), Eskaflam (GSK, Brazil, Mexico), Octaprin, Nimside (Teva, Pakistan), Nise (Russia, Venezuela, Vietnam, Ukraine), Nilsid (Egypt); Aulin (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Italy, Romania, Poland), Ainex, Drexel, Donulide, Edrigyl, Enetra, Heugan, Mesulid, Minapon, NeRelid, Nexen, Nidolon, Nilden (Mexico); Emsulide, Nimed, Nimedex, Nimesil (Czech Republic, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Kazhakhstan, Georgia, Poland), Nimulid (Trinidad & Tobago), Nimutab, Nimdase, Nimopen-MP Nise, Nimuwin, Nisulid, Nodard Plus, Nicip, Nimcap, Nic-P, Nic-Spas, Nimupain (India); Mesulid, Novolid, Relmex (Ecuador); Remisid (Ukraine); Coxulid, Emulid, Frenag, Fuzo, Motival, Nimeksil, Nimelid, Nîmes, Nimesdin, Romasulid, Sulidin, Suljel, Thermo Sulidin (Turkey), Xilox (Hungary); Modact-IR (Pakistan); and ad Sulidene and Zolan for veterinary use. Many generic and copy-products also exist (Lusemin, Medicox, Nidol, Nimalox, Nimesil, Nimotas, Nimulid, Nizer, Sorini, Ventor, Vionim, Neolide, Willgo among others), new-aid, Nexulide (Syria), Nims, Nice, Nimulide (Nepal)

India
Several reports have been made of adverse drug reactions in India. On February 12, 2011, Indian Express reported that the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare finally had decided to suspend the pediatric use of the analgesic, Nimesulide suspension. From 10 March 2011 onward Nimesulide formulations are not indicated for human use in children below 12 years of age.

On September 13, 2011 Madras High Court revoked a suspension on manufacture and sale of paediatric drugs nimesulide and phenylpropanolamine (PPA).

EMA confirms the positive benefit/risk ratio
On September 21, 2007 the EMA released a press release on their review on the liver-related safety of nimesulide. The EMA has concluded that the benefits of these medicines outweigh their risks, but that there is a need to limit the duration of use to ensure that the risk of patients developing liver problems is kept to a minimum. Therefore, the EMA has limited the use of systemic formulations (tablets, solutions, suppositories) of nimesulide to 15 days.

Irish Medicines Board
The Irish Medicines Board has decided to suspend Nimesulide from the Irish market and refer it to the EU Committee for Human Medicinal Products (CHMP) for a review of its benefit/risk profile. The decision is due to the reporting of six cases of potentially-related liver failures to the IMB by the National Liver Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital. These cases occurred in the period from 1999 to 2006.

Bribes
In May 2008, Italy's leading daily paper Corriere della Sera and other media outlets reported that a top-ranking official at Italy's medicines agency AIFA had been filmed by police while accepting bribes from employees of pharmaceutical companies. The money allegedly was being paid to ensure that certain drugs would be spared scrutiny from the drugs watchdog. The investigation had started in 2005 following suspicions that some AIFA drug tests had been faked. Eight arrests were made. Nimesulide can be bought carrying a prescription from a physician that is kept as a receipt at the chemist shop, nominally allowing strong control over selling.

The original manufacturer of nimesulide is Helsinn Healthcare SA, Switzerland, which acquired the rights for the drug in 1976. After the patent protection terminated in 2015, a number of other companies started production and marketing of Nimesulide.

title: Nimesulide


text: File:SteveVaiPassionAndWarfare.jpg

title: File:SteveVaiPassionAndWarfare.jpg


text:
Leaded glass

Leaded glass may refer to:

 * Lead glass, potassium silicate glass which has been impregnated with a small amount of lead oxide in its fabrication
 * Lead came glasswork, glass panels made by combining multiple small pieces of glass, which may be stained, textured or beveled, with cames or copper foil
 * Leadlight or leaded lights, decorative windows made of small sections of glass supported in lead cames
 * Flint glass, an optical glass that has relatively high refractive index and low Abbe number

title: Leaded glass


text: User talk:69.208.125.247

title: User talk:69.208.125.247


text: File:SteveVaiSexAndReligion.jpg

title: File:SteveVaiSexAndReligion.jpg


text: User talk:69.209.161.206

title: User talk:69.209.161.206