text:
Talk:Sobriquet

October 2006
I disagree with several of the examples given on the list. * * * For example "Jock – (derog.) a Scotsman" and "Jack Tar – sailor in the British Royal Navy." I find evidence that sobriquets are individual rather than categorical, hence these are slang terms or colloquialisms rather than sobriquets. * * * I think several of the examples lack what someone has eloquently described in this articles as the "salient characteristic...of sufficient familiarity. * * *  I agree with the comment below that "The Wicked Lord Byron" is really just "Lord Byron" with an epithet.  I agree that "The City of Angels", being a mere translation of Los Angeles, disqualifies it for inclusion on this list. * * * I agree that "The City" is used by people in the NYC area to refer to Manhattan – and it is also used by people elsewhere talking ABOUT Manhattan as a sort of snobbery (maybe I’ll coin the neologism "snobriquet” for terms in this category). However, when the average person from a suburb of any American city says that they are going to "the city" they are referring to their own local urban center, not Manhattan. -- House of Scandal 09:36, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

Two early variants are found, sotbriquet and soubriquet
 * Is this right? One of those should be sobriquet surely? hypnox 00:53, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I don't think that the example London - Londonistan qualifies as a sobriquet. It is rather mocking than paraphrase. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.51.45.44 (talk • contribs) 17:03, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

I don't think 'non-mocking' is necessarily a requirement. I think though that "J.M." for John Meriwether is really just an abbreviation. I also think that "The Wicked Lord Byron" is really just "Lord Byron" with an epithet. -C 87.74.46.242 12:37, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

The Black Country is not the West Midlands per se, just an area within it. See the entry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Country

old ironsides
it says oliver cromwell butit also refers to the USS Constuition. id edit it but i cant do links which it needs

The City
Surely most metropolises are known as "the City" to those in the general vicinity. I would keep London (because I understand the term distinguishes a particular geographical area within the patch of real estate willy-nilly designated "London" in informal contexts) but I don't see why San Francisco is any more "the City" to people in the Bay Area than Atlanta or Chicago are to people around there.

Boston is a conurbation that has, perhaps, a similar situation to London's (what's called "Boston" by people includes quite a bit of land that's not called "Boston" by the post office or the Commonwealth of Massachusetts), but I don't know how the term is used there. New York exhibits the opposite: "the City" means Manhattan, even though those of us in the outer boroughs live within the jurisdiction of New York's municipal government. But I'm hesitant to add Boston, because I could be wrong, or New York, because I live here and fear that may bias me in favor of the idea that it has any more claim than San Francisco. --♥ «Charles A. L.» 00:38, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Surely most metropolises are known as "the City" to those in the general vicinity.
 * I thought so, too, until I moved from a suburb of San Francisco to a suburb of Seattle. The first time I said "We're going into the city for dinner," I was greeted with a sincerely raised eyebrow, and the person asked whether by "The City" I meant Seattle. To him, The City was not automatically synonymous with Seattle.  I've found that the common "area" term for Seattle is "downtown". Even if you and your neighbor both work in Bellevue, saying "I will be downtown most of the day" means Seattle, even though Bellevue has its own vigorous and well-known downtown area. Petershank (talk) 21:12, 13 December 2010 (UTC)

Not sure this qualifies
The City of Angels – Los Angeles

That's just a translation of the Spanish name, can it really be called a Sobriquet?

Los Angeles translates to "the angels" in English so it could be a sobriquet.

sure are a lot of references to Oliver Cromwell
it almost seems like someone is playing a joke.

source for "Brian – Prince Charles"
can anyone provide a source for above? I love it but accuracy counts for something and verafiability just a little more. Which suggewsts that every entry needs a cited source.SmithBlue 03:28, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

Sobriquet list and Wikipedia:Verifiability
Wikipedia:Verifiability says in a nutshell:
 * 1. Articles should contain only material that has been published by reliable sources.
 * 2. Editors adding new material should cite a reliable source, or it may be challenged or removed by any editor.
 * 3. The obligation to provide a reliable source lies with the editors wishing to include the material, not on those seeking to remove it.

Has anyone got reasons why this policy is better not applied to the list of sobriquets? SmithBlue 23:22, 16 December 2006 (UTC)
 * With no demonstration to date of why Verifiability should not be applied to this list I will commence removing all uncited sobriquets. SmithBlue 03:03, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * A 'sobriquet' is not a fact but a part of our language. As with all words, phrases, proverbs, idioms, etc. what you must verify, if verification is what you want, is not that one person has used a particular 'sobriquet' but that it has 'entered the language'.  The way dictionaries do this is by analysing hundreds or even thousands of sources: television, newspapers, books etc. to examine the way words are used.  Is this what you propose? 82.153.15.121 15:24, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

 * p.s. If you care so much about citations, why don't you add them all yourself? And in any case, if you are going to remove everything uncited, you had better remove the whole lot, because there aren't any citations at all. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 82.153.15.121 (talk) 15:31, 27 January 2007 (UTC).

I think that WP:Verifiability is important in this case as in the rest of an encyclopedia. What mechanism do you propose to ensure that only bona fide sobriquets are included? SmithBlue 12:45, 28 January 2007 (UTC)
 * In absence of discusion over Verifiability of sobriquets list I will begin removign uncited Sobriquets on 3 Feb 2007. SmithBlue 03:13, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

The Fifth Beatle
That's rather George Best than Pete Best, no?
 * pete best was a beatle, george best was an irish footballer —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 4.249.147.215 (talk) 15:13, 2 May 2007 (UTC).

I've usually understood Murray the K to be the Fifth Beatle; at least he's the only one I know of to have actively promoted himself with that title, apparently jokingly given to him by band member George Harrison. In any case, I don't see that honorific on the current version of the list, although it does have its own article. B7T (talk) 20:22, 29 January 2015 (UTC)

what's an encyclopedia?
I'm having a hard time distinguishing this `article' from a definition, aka a topic for a dictionary. 70.18.242.118 02:04, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Hear, hear. As it stands, this article is a definition, some loose etymology and a list of examples. Not hugely encyclopædic, in my view. 202.7.166.182 (talk) 01:24, 19 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Rite a letter to Brittanica then, see the tag at the top of the page. MickMacNee (talk) 02:36, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Can we add a pronunciation guide to this? How do you say Sobriquet anyway? Bounton 03:19, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

Citations for Sobriquets
At present the standard for inclusion is a WP:RS showing use of the sobriquet. I plan to remove the tag unless other editors demostrate its usefulness/currency. SmithBlue (talk) 06:59, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

Redirect to nickname ?
Dictionaries are simply calling sobriquet a synonym for nickname, for which we have a well-developed and decidedly encyclopedic entry. I did find one dictionary (can't remember which) which defines sobriquet as a humorous nickname.

Unless somebody can come up with a source for the claim that a sobriquet is a particular kind of nickname in which the nickname is more familiar than the real name, I would assert that sobriquet should simply be a redirect to nickname.

If we agree and find sources that a sobriquet is by definition more familiar than the original name, we still need to trim the list dramatically. "Genghis Khan" is not to "Temujin" as "Big Smokey" is to "Toronto" Petershank (talk) 22:09, 13 December 2010 (UTC)

 * My interpretation is that the sobriquet is at least as familiar as the original name, whereby the proverbial Man In The Street would know instantly what/who you are referring to without the use of the "real" name. This will obviously vary regionally - Scots may all know that Auld Reekie is Edinburgh, whereas a Malaysian (or even many English) might not. Conversely, I had no idea that Kolkata is the City of Joy (and it reeks of Tourist Board Nickname to me) but for all I know it's common currency in India.

 * I would suggest an aggressive trim of examples under that definition, and I see no reason they shouldn't be cited. After all, if "Dubya" is a true example according to the familiarity rule there must be citable material out there that uses the nickname with no further context. Brickie (talk) 13:28, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

Battle of the Begums
User 122.248.0.10: you've added "Battle of the Begums" but the link doesn't explain it. Can you add an explanation? --Wikiain (talk) 04:17, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

Overlap with Metonymy?
Several of the examples are Metonyms - saying "Foggy Bottom" to refer to the US Intelligence services, for instance. Can something be a metonym and a sobriquet, or do these examples want removing? Brickie (talk) 13:10, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

Taiwan
Taiwan is listed as an example for the Republic of China. I do not think this fits into the definition listed in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 180.222.200.15 (talk) 06:48, 29 March 2011 (UTC)

Apodo [Spanish]
This word seems more in line with the Spanish word "Apodo," which is often translated as nickname. But nicknames are often diminutives or endearing epithets for someone. Whereas, even when a person embraces it, an apodo can have a pejorative origin. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.72.195.12 (talk) 16:21, 9 October 2011 (UTC)

Why the high-brow word?
Just out of curiosity, what is the deal with wikipedians feeling the need to use high-brow words such as this, instead of much simpler and much more broadly understood terms? "...is nominally rated with a minimum breaking strength of 550 pounds, thus the sobriquet "550 cord"." Why not just say "nickname"?? Seriously folks, there's no reason for this linguistic snobbery. Stop it. If a word you want to use would require the average person to use a dictionary, and a suitable substitute is available that would not, use the simpler word. 207.171.191.60 (talk) 15:29, 25 October 2011 (UTC)
 * You stop it. Should we destroy the historical usage of a word just because you think it's not required in daily usage? The average person doesn't discuss cricket or rugby, should we get rid of those articles just because they're not in your daily vocabulary? This is an encyclopedia, a place of knowledge. The article doesn't go into sufficient detail, but not all nicknames are sobriquets. The list is getting out of hand though. --Walter Görlitz (talk) 15:45, 25 October 2011 (UTC)
 * reply "sobriquet" carries a suggestion of approval and even adulation that is often missing in a mere "nickname." In fact a nickname can be, as often as not, quite unflattering or even derogatory. Orthotox (talk) 19:02, 8 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Wikipedians don't "feel the need to use high-brow words" necessarily. Other people do, and that is why we have an entry for it. I agree with others that the term is more of a definition thus should be in Wiktionary only instead...except for the fact that it falls under the linguistics Wikiproject and secondly, it receives a huge number of hits (19,992 in the past 30 days).--FeralOink (talk) 14:00, 24 February 2024 (UTC)

middle or low brow?
I'd say "sobriquet" is employed mainly by hack writers straining to impress. As such, it's a kine of specialized cliche bit of language that is virtually NEVER used in speech. Any thoughtful person knows this. Perhaps linguists have a category for this sort of thing, although this particular example may be a phenomenon of what was formerly called "mass communication," rather than of language per se.

"Moniker" is in a similar category, which, if it can be defined, could be the subject of another Wikipedia "list article" so beloved of the "I memorized the phone book" crowd.

Also, many and perhaps even most of the so-called "sobriquets" listed here exist only through repetition, again, by hack writers, rather than because of "actual" use.--Badiacrushed (talk) 10:47, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * It doesn't matter if the word is used mostly by hack writers. We're not here to pass judgement or to declare what should be "self-evident to thoughtful people"! Nor is sobriquet a phenomenon of mass communication whatever that is supposed to mean: it has been part of the English and French languages since the 16th century or earlier, see the article. Also, as you can see by the sources under the "Use" sub-heading, it is a term applied in academic contexts by scholars of everything from the Dead Sea Scrolls to Tang dynasty poetry. I think there are is Islamic historical usage as well.--FeralOink (talk) 14:00, 24 February 2024 (UTC)

Separate list?
It seems that the list given would be better presented as a separate List of Nicknames. I'd propose List of Sobriquets, but as has been observed even when citation is possible, definitively determination of whether a sobriquet or nickname will prove elusive for many of the examples herein. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.174.208.4 (talk) 16:51, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

Father of "his" country?
I know this phrase as "father of our country". Is the variation in the article used widely outside of the United States, in reference to George Washington? B7T (talk) 20:44, 29 January 2015 (UTC)

Removed edit
Hi Walter Görlitz You removed my edit on the page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobriquet because ostensibly I did not make references to a reliable source. However, the original entry itself did not have any citations either. I took it as an entirely subjective entry.41.76.66.11 (talk) 00:02, 27 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes I did remove it. I also warned you for not supplying a source. I agree, your edit was entirely subjective. You see the linked article, Eminem, as a reference to Rolling Stone where the term was used. Personally, I don't think that the term is synonymous with Eminem, but I'll let others decide to remove it entirely. Your edit, along with removing a heading, linked to Tupac Shakur. There is no supporting statement there for the sobriquet. You didn't provide one to supersede the one in article. Finally, if you google for "the king of hip hop", you don't get any hits for your preferred revision, but you do to Eminem. So instead of acting like I'm in the wrong, you can explain your edit. Walter Görlitz (talk) 03:33, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

Hi Walter and thanks for your reply.

1. You will notice that your referenced article http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/introducing-the-king-of-hip-hop-20110815?page=9 is an analysis of Hip-Hop artists only from 2009. The magazine article itself admits this. That would be like surveying Pop music from 2009 and then concluding that Justin Bieber is the King of Pop or Miley Cyrus is the Queen of Pop-just to take some examples.

2. This Rolling Stone article is an entirely subjective interpretation by the magazine's writer. MTV named JayZ the greatest Hip-Hop artist, Tupac came second, Eminem came ninth http://www.mtv.com/bands/h/hip_hop_week/2006/emcees/index11.jhtml Wikipedia itself calls Tupac the "Most influential Rapper in history" with several credible references. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupac_Shakur Why take the Rolling Stone's word over MTV or Wikipedia itself?

3. Has there been any credible recording industry organization e.g. Rock n Roll Hall of Fame, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States, the Hip-Hop Community, Hip-Hop industry etc that has produced a "King of Hip-Hop" competition / analysis and announced a winner? No. There is also no consensus from the media music critics as to who the "King" of Hip-Hop" is. There was wide consensus for Elvis Presley in Rock n Roll, Michael Jackson and Madonna in Pop, Bob Marley for Reggae, Aretha Franklin and James Brown for Soul, B.B. King for the Blues, Donna Summer for Disco, R Kelly and Ruth Brown for R&B and so on.

4. I could also link to a thousand articles that say Tupac or Biggie or JayZ, Kanye West, Dr. Dre 50 Cent, Birdman, Master P.... etc are Kings of Hip-Hop. This is the point, this is entirely subjective. I frankly find it ridiculous that such a title can be decided only by the Rolling Stone magazine. There needs to be consensus. I suggest we all agree to disagree and rest any "King of Hip-Hop" titles for now.41.76.66.11 (talk) 10:24, 27 February 2015 (UTC)
 * It's not my reference. I agree with the rest of your argument the subjectivity about the term and it probably shouldn't apply to any individual in this article since it's not synonymous with that subject, but it is referenced and that is the threshold for inclusion on the subject's article on Wikipedia.
 * This does not deflect in any way from your behaviour. Your change was not in any way appropriate. Walter Görlitz (talk) 16:57, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

Thanks for your reply and for agreeing with the premise of my argument.

1. Now about my "behaviour" as you put it; the link in the article was to Eminem's Wikipedia page! How is that a reference? I assumed that since it appeared to be a subjective entry (which in retrospect it was) then I might as well change it to reflect an alternative reality. As you can see from my above link to the MTV article, I am vindicated. Still, we haven't sorted the issue, have we? I conceded that at this point there's no real "King" of Hip-Hop as such and this particular sobriquet should be left out of the article.

2. I assume you're some sort of Wikipedia editor. In that case, you might want to also have a look at this page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music. The "King" of Hip-Hop sobriquet should be removed there as well. Still on that page, to be quite honest with you, I find it puzzling that the much maligned and ridiculed (by both critics and fans)Paul Whiteman can be considered "King of Jazz" in any way or form. We might as well put Kenny G in there. I suggest Miles Davis or Louis Armstrong as the "Kings of Jazz" for obvious reasons.41.76.66.11 (talk) 22:10, 3 March 2015 (UTC)
 * You still don't get it. You're not vindicated. You're a disruptive editor. Walter Görlitz (talk) 05:13, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

Hi Mr. Walter

1. I would kindly like to know how you've come to the conclusion that I am "disruptive". This is my first time ever since I started using the internet in the year 2000 to edit Wikipedia. My nephew and niece here in Nigeria (Africa) have been using Wikipedia to advance their knowledge for a while but were outraged by the audacity of this particular entry.

2. That concern prompted me to conduct further research on this issue. Despite presenting my arguments and evidence to you and sharing them with the kids-which they agreed with, it appears that Wikipedia is not interested in my facts but in straw-man arguments. The children feel that they do not trust Wikipedia anymore. This casts a pale shadow over the integrity of Wiki entries.

3. We thought Wikipedia is a public resource to be used by all citizens of this planet to advance knowledge. I have articulated my reasons why I feel that this particular entry is factually incorrect. I have given references and evidence. Yet the only thing you seem fixated on is my alleged being "disruptive" i.e. a straw man's argument.

4. I feel this is an unfair tag and I am beginning to doubt the veracity of Wikipedia's own Mission Statement "The Free Encyclopedia that anyone can edit" I strongly feel that the only reason this issue is not being resolved is because I had the temerity to question this particular subjective and biased entry. I find no other reason for this obfuscation and focus on my person.

I wish there was a way I could appeal to a higher authority in your organization or to the general public for support.41.76.66.11 (talk) 11:05, 13 March 2015 (UTC)
 * You may appeal. Start a requests for comment (WP:RFC). I have removed the original entry. It's clearly not a Sobriquet so I'm not sure what's to appeal.
 * Your disruptive behaviour is explained clearly above. Try to explain what I wrote on 03:33, 27 February 2015 in your own words and then explain what you don't understand. Walter Görlitz (talk) 05:26, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Hi Walter. Thanks for your positive and constructive engagement even though we might not see eye-to-eye on some of the issues.

To be quite honest with you, this issue has moved on from this particular entry onto wider issues revolving around Wikipedia's integrity. For example, we have this entry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music with the absurd notion that Paul Whiteman is the "King of Jazz". Now, I am a Jazz aficionado and an amateur player (clarinet) and IMHO this is the most laughable and ridiculous "fact" in Wikipedia's history. Paul Whiteman is considered to be a bit of a joke in the Jazz world, and an object of ridicule by critics and fans alike-a bit like Kenny G is. Yes, he was immensely successful financially but "King of Jazz" he wasn't.

Which leads to the question; considering the earlier entry on this very page which I've discredited, many of us are now extremely skeptical over Wikipedia entries as a whole. Is this really a reservoir of knowledge or a tool of social conditioning? There are wider issues to be debated here.41.76.66.11 (talk) 19:57, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

Candidates for consideration: sobriquets for "America"
"Home of the Brave" and "Land of the Free" are, I would think, standard stand-ins for the USA, at least among Americans. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_of_the_Free_(disambiguation) Orthotox (talk) 19:26, 8 March 2015 (UTC)

Crooked Hillary
We have an editor who wished to see "Crooked Hillary" added. Does it qualify as a sobriquet or is it simply slanderous campaign statement? Walter Görlitz (talk) 01:42, 23 January 2017 (UTC)
 * It is more of a moniker. Sobriquets usually have positive or fond connotations.--FeralOink (talk) 14:01, 24 February 2024 (UTC)

Oxford Dictionary of Nicknames as a source of citations
I'm a new editor so I thought to practice adding citations to Sobriquet from the Oxford Dictionary of Nicknames by Andrew Delahunty. My adding the nickname for Oliver Cromwell was reverted. Is the standard that a reference book like this is not enough when the same nicknames are reused in history for more than one person? In the same reference book, both President Grant and General Macarthur are listed as The American Caesar. I was adding that nickname for both of them. Is this wrong? thank you. Garnetbibliophile (talk) 22:49, 25 October 2017 (UTC)
 * It's a great idea. But again, one reference does not mean it's a universal sobriquet. If it's not on the first page of a Google search, it's not sufficiently common to be considered here, even with a good reference. Walter Görlitz (talk) 00:06, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Doesn't the first page of the Google search results test bias towards 20th and 21st century sources? I can see it for contemporary nicknames but I hesitate to adopt it for historic figures. If I find more book references would the first page of Google search results test still hold?Garnetbibliophile (talk) 00:59, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Does it? If it's sometime more common that the original name, it shouldn't matter. If it is a sobriquet that could be equally applied to other subjects, it's not appropriate to state it only applies to one subject. Walter Görlitz (talk) 01:08, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
 * What about how the American Caesar was General Grant in the 19th century and General MacArthur (especially after the Manchester book) is the 20th century American Caesar. Should all the 19th century citations to American Caesar as Grant be ignored because the nickname was reused? Is uniqueness absolutely required when the use is separated by nearly a century? Go to Google Books (not regular Google) enter american caesar grant, then use the Tools to select free Google ebooks instead of any books. The results will be filled with 19th century usage of Grant's nickname as American Caesar.  This is an example of how the first page of a regular Google search is biased towards recent usage. The Google Books with free Google ebooks gave me The Presidents of the United States 1789-1894 edited by James Grant Wilson. On p. 183 it  has a list of Presidential nicknames as used when the book was published in 1894 that includes Grant as American Caesar.  What's to be done? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Garnetbibliophile (talk • contribs) 05:18, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Good thing we don't list it here. I'm not sure what you're asking about that though. Walter Görlitz (talk) 05:39, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I tried to list American Caesar but in the editing conflict it was one of the edits that didn't get saved. So would it be proper to list The American Caesar - Ulysses Grant, Douglas MacArthur showing that the nickname has applied to both generals as long as there are specific citations individually applied to the two gentlemen? thank you for being patient with this. Garnetbibliophile (talk) 13:50, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
 * American Caesar. Has the term become more common than their actual names? Has the name become synonymous with either individual so that in general conversation you could use the term and most would understand it? That's what a sobriquet is. If that's not the case, it's a nickname. Walter Görlitz (talk) 13:58, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
 * That's a definition and distinction that makes sense to me. Of course, it implies that sobriquets fade into nicknames as time goes on and people become less familiar with the fame of particular individuals. So this article is for current sobriquets in the current popular knowledge more than I thought. The Velvet Fog was always Mel Torme, now maybe that doesn't mean the test? Thank you. Garnetbibliophile (talk) 19:56, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Agreed. And I would argue that many of the items listed here are in fact nicknames (or less). Walter Görlitz (talk) 19:59, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Ulysses S. Grant is now mentioned with his period sobriquet which is sourced to the Library of Congress. (It isn't "American Caesar".)--FeralOink (talk) 14:03, 24 February 2024 (UTC)

Example farm
As Citizen Canine pointed out three months ago, the section has become an example farm: The list contained 440 entries. Nothing has happened to remedy this since (apart maybe from adding the translation of "caligula", which still is not a very elucidating explanation.). In my view, the purpose of an "example" section is to provide examples that help understand the topic. So I started applying a clear measuring stick: keeping only those that are commonly used for the particular meaning and well explained and referenced or for which we have dedicated articles.

I started with, reducing that section from 102 to 5. Extrapolating, one can assume that the whole list will contain some 22 entries, already quite a long list for examples. At least we can do away with the alphabetical subsections and maybe instead divide the examples between people, cities, or some such.

When removing the following, I had some regrets, but I wanted to stay with the yardstick I set. If someone else feels, too, that one or some of them merit inclusion, let's think about how to bring the entry or entries up to par.
 * Billy the Kid, William H. Bonney (1859–1881), the notorious Western outlaw
 * Blackbeard – Edward Teach, English pirate
 * Bloody Mary – Queen Mary I of England
 * Bollywood – [Hindi cinema], film industry
 * Buddha – Siddhartha Gautama
 * Buffalo Bill – American frontier showman William Frederick Cody
 * Caligula ("Little Boots") – Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
 * Capitol Hill - United States Capitol, United States of America Legislative branch of Government
 * The Celtic Tiger – Republic of Ireland and/or its economy during boom period of mid-1990s – mid-2000s decade
 * Christ – Jesus of Nazareth
 * The City of Brotherly Love – Philadelphia
 * Colosseum - Flavian Amphitheatre (Rome)

BTW, many of the entries I removed had double links: One to the article, the other one to a redirect. ◄ Sebastian 12:59, 6 May 2019 (UTC)

Continuation: pared down D-G. I forgot one important criterion: We also need a reference that a given example is actually considered a “sobriquet“ by a reliable source. The vast majority of those I removed were probably never described as “sobriquet”.

Boderline cases of this tranche: I cut down the entry on “Dixie, Dixieland” since it had several problems, above all it apparently confused the Mason–Dixon line with the Missouri Compromise line (Parallel 36°30′ north, see also Mason–Dixon line). ◄ Sebastian 16:43, 7 May 2019 (UTC)
 * The Eternal City – Rome
 * The Five O'Clock Follies – U.S. Military press briefings during the Vietnam War
 * Genghis Khan – Temüjin
 * GOP (Grand Old Party) – Republican Party (United States)
 * The Grauniad – The Guardian newspaper, England (because of its formerly frequent typographical errors, such as an edition where the masthead was spelled The Gaurdian)
 * The Greatest – Muhammad Ali, boxer -- no explanation of how he got the sobriquet; reference needs subscription
 * Grits – a media term for the Liberal Party of Canada

Boderline cases of portion H-M: Those would be good examples if we had (a) a reference describing them as “sobriquet” and (b) some explanation of how the sobriquet came about. ◄ Sebastian 13:21, 8 May 2019 (UTC)
 * The Holy Land – Israel or Palestine
 * Honest Abe – Abraham Lincoln
 * The Iron Lady – Margaret Thatcher
 * Mahatma Gandhi – Mohandas K. Gandhi

Boderline cases of portion N-S: In this portion, there were particularly many unimaginative ones, such as simple abbreviations like “Para” for “Parachute Regiment” or borrowings of fame from another person or place, such as, such as “the Paris of ...”, as well as blunt honorifics of unstated provenience. Also some, such as Sin City and Steel City, where the linked article shows that these are general terms, by no means limited to the given specific cities. ◄ Sebastian 13:53, 8 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Obamacare – Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, generally derogatory
 * Old Nick – in Christianity, the Devil
 * Old St. Nick – Santa Claus
 * The Old Bailey – The Central Criminal Court in England
 * Papa Doc – François Duvalier, Haitian president
 * Pelé – Edson Arantes do Nascimento
 * Perfidious Albion – Great Britain (from French, Albion perfide)
 * Pommy (or Pom) – Australian name for an English person, vaguely affectionate except when "Pommy" is succeeded by "bastard"
 * Professor of politics (Kenya) – Daniel arap Moi
 * The Rat Pack – A group of American singers and entertainers from the late 1950s to the early 1970s
 * The Red Planet – Mars -- could contribute to the variety of the examples
 * Sassenach – Scottish and Irish term for an English person
 * Silicon Valley - Santa Clara Valley, which includes the cities of San Jose, Mountain View, Cupertino, and Palo Alto.
 * Slowhand – Eric Clapton -- there's at least a nice explanation in the linked article.

Done, with the conclusion of section T-Z. Borderline cases: I also realized that for many of the names I removed there are already topical lists that, judging from their name, seem more appropriate. Those are listed in section. ◄ Sebastian 14:13, 8 May 2019 (UTC)
 * The Toxic Twins – Aerosmith members Steven Tyler and Joe Perry, due to their massive drug intake during the '70s and '80s -- at least there's an explanation given
 * The Twin Cities – Saint Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota -- well known example
 * The Twin Towers – former World Trade Center, New York City -- well known example
 * Tinseltown – Hollywood -- well known example
 * Turd Blossom – name given by George W. Bush to Karl Rove -- at least the linked article explains the sobriquet.

Examples need more diversity
Most of the examples are American, and (to this non-American) are very locally specific ones that I've never heard (dixie, Columbia, the Windy City). There should be more diverse examples from Europe, Africa, Asia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:4B00:87FF:9B00:19E1:EF91:EDC1:781F (talk) 11:23, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Is Blighty a common sobriquet for the United Kingdom? Anon has a point though, Columbia should probably not be on the list either. Walter Görlitz (talk) 23:02, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I did not see the section above, so I have merged. No I do not think that we need more diversity. What we need is more actual sobriquets and not local slang or phrases. Walter Görlitz (talk) 23:04, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
 * As you can see from the section above ... What do you have to say,  Walter Görlitz (talk) 23:05, 3 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes, Blighty is a common term for the UK. Just because you haven't heard of it doesn't make it not true. I've never heard of most of the examples currently listed, but I don't doubt they are true. Here's some examples:

 * discussing "Blighty" and etymology https://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2014/08/brits-call-u-k-blighty
 * examples of the name in common use
 * https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/31/cafe-blighty-protesters-community-colonialism
 * https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/feb/18/tv-channel-blighty-ted-baker-join-forces
 * https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/jan/01/doctor-who-spyfall-review-only-jodie-whittaker-can-save-blighty-now User :2a01:4b00:87ff:9b00:10cd:119c:ce71:8cca
 * Take me back to dear old Blighty. It's very common, but rather 1930/40s Ceoil  (talk) 09:45, 4 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Aye, the song is, but the name "Blighty" is still in everyday use — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:4B00:87FF:9B00:10CD:119C:CE71:8CCA (talk) 16:10, 4 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Grand. Anyway the point is, agree with op; "Blighty" should remain in the article. Ceoil  (talk) 18:47, 4 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Oh, look! All sources from Britain. Clearly a local term. Walter Görlitz (talk) 20:26, 4 October 2020 (UTC)
 * One thing further, I can find occasional usage of any term, but a sobriquet (as opposed to a nickname) is both descriptive and a familiar name. Neither Dixie nor Blighty meet that criteria well and so are poor examples. "The Big Apple", however, is a familiar name, and over time, people state that they move to the "big apple" to take a bite out of it, and so what may have started as a nickname has become descriptive. I can't imagine that in England want to be associated with blight, although I'm sure many on the Continent think of them as such and need no assistance to make make the association. These two monikers I mentioned here fail on both account. Walter Görlitz (talk) 20:44, 4 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Just one point @Walter Goerlitz, "blight" and "Blighty" are false friends and not etymologically linked. The source of "Blighty" is the Urdu word "vilayati" meaning "foreigner", as described in the BBC articled linked above. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:4B00:87FF:9B00:3C1F:D983:F085:2604 (talk) 08:38, 5 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm now finding it hard to take you seriously Walter. Note am Irish, so decidedly not British. How many more sources do you need. "The Big Apple", however, is a familiar TO YOU.   Ceoil  (talk) 20:48, 4 October 2020 (UTC)
 * No, I'm Canadian, and "the big apple" is generally familiar, but the point is that we should be focusing on both descriptive terms (If you want to be associated with a disease, fine) and a generally familiar words. "Apple" here is an excellent example of that. Not many know what blight is.
 * As for how many sources do I need: none. Wikipedia requires reliable sources, so a few would be worthwhile. The three from The Guardian are useless as they uses of the term and they do not show claim it is a commonly used term. In Canada, we call ourselves "Canucks". It would not be a good example of a sobriquet because the term is not used for anything else, nor is it descriptive, and it is not well-known outside of Canada. Dairy products, is inexpensive in the US (for reasons too complicated to go into here) and many Canadians will cross the U.S.-Canada border to purchase it in those border states. Canadians are often called "cheese heads" there, and that would be a better sobriquet because cheese is a commonly used term, however, even one hundred kilometres south of the border towns, the term is generally unknown. The BBC America article makes my point well: blighty is used in the UK to describe themselves. The term fails on main levels in being an actual sobriquet. See the definitions and examples provided in Oxford Cambridge Collins. Walter Görlitz (talk) 21:14, 4 October 2020 (UTC)
 * > In Canada, we call ourselves "Canucks". It would not be a good example of a sobriquet because the term is not used for anything else, nor is it descriptive, and it is not well-known outside of Canada.
 * Actually, "Canuck" is well known around the world. I am much more familiar with this term than any of the USA-related ones in the article!
 * Your links to dictionary definitions don't back up the claim you are making. What has Canada got to do with anything. Ceoil  (talk) 21:28, 4 October 2020 (UTC)
 * The links were for your education. The Canadian example is simple: these are locally known terms that are neither descriptive nor familiar names. An apple is a familiar name and so the Big Apple is a good example. It is also known sufficiently well as a stand-in for New York City that it can be considered a sobriquet. While cheese is a familiar term, the use is not so it would not make a good term. The same can be said for Blighty. It is a nickname, but it's not a familiar term (unless you consider it to be derived from blight, which I linked above). It is also not known well outside the UK.
 * As for your dismissal of the links, the Oxford example is an excellent one as "He was a tiny man, and so earned the sobriquet 'The Little Wonder'" makes the point clearly. Here subject's smallness is epitomized with the familiar term "little". Similarly, at Cambridge charms and heartthrob. The Collins example is much poorer, but we can assume that the subject did not speak clearly and so was known as mumbles. What we are aiming for here are examples like those, but with well-known subjects; ones that would be immediately recognized. Again, blighty does not fit that bill. Walter Görlitz (talk) 01:40, 5 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Again, "blight" as in disease and "Blighty" have no correlation. They are false friends. They are as closely etymologically linked as "Canada" and "Can o' Coke".
 * All of the dictionary definitions you provided simply state that a sobriquet is a nickname. There is no requirement that a sobriquet be well-known or descriptive according to all three definitions. Can you provide an authoritative source that states a sobriquet must be well-known and descriptive? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:4B00:87FF:9B00:3C1F:D983:F085:2604 (talk) 09:38, 5 October 2020 (UTC)
 * : If you say so. You won't be able to convince many who don't give a toss. Walter Görlitz (talk) 01:44, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Etymology section
The “Etymology” section of the article is completely uncited, and its theories seem implausible to me. I did not find any support for any of its claims in either Wiktionary or in the OED; nor in the Online Etymology Dictionary. If it can't be cited to a reliable source, I think it should be removed entirely. —Mark Dominus (talk) 16:00, 21 August 2023 (UTC)

The mention of Walter William Skeat may refer to his Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language; there is an entry for sobriquet on pages 498–499 of the 1967 edition, which reads as follows:

 * Sobriquet, Soubriquet, a nickname. (F.) F. sobrequet, ‘surname, nickname, a jeast broken on a man;’ Cot. He also spells it sotbriquet, soubriquet.  From O.F. soubzbriquet, a chuck under the chin (14th cent.); hence, a quip, an affront, a nickname.  Here O.F. soubz, F. sous, is from L. subtus, below; briquet has been conjectured to stand for bequet, dimin. of bec, beak, mouth; cf. Ital. sotto-becco, a chuch under the chin. ‘Percussit super mentonem faciendo dictum le soubriquet;’ A.D. 1335. See Körting, and Littré.

(“Cot.” here refers to Randle Cotgrave's English-French Dictionary, 1660 edition.)

The Wikipedia section also mentions Émile Littré, possibly referring to his Dictionnaire de la langue française. Skeat also says to see Littré. The explanation given by Skeat above is attributed by our article to Littré. Our article makes some claims about German and Italian and says “Skeat considers this spelling to be an example of false etymology”. If he does, he must have said it somewhere else.

My current plan is to eliminate the Etymology section entirely and move the verifiable information to the Wiktionary article. If anyone wants to object, please do it soon.

Incidentally, I notice that this section already had an “unreferenced section” note added in March 2022, which was removed only a month ago: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sobriquet&diff=prev&oldid=1166115285

—Mark Dominus (talk) 20:58, 22 August 2023 (UTC)

Here's what Littré says:

 * ÉTYMOLOGIE
 * Picard, surpiquet. Origine inconnue. Diez prenant en considération l'orthographe sotbriquet, le tire de sot, et du vieux français briquet, mauvais drôle ; mais cette étymologie ne peut subsister devant l'historique. Le sens primitif est coup sous le menton ; puis le sens figuré est propos railleur, bon mot et surnom. Malheureusement, cela n'apprend rien sur l'étymologie.
 * SUPPLÉMENT AU DICTIONNAIRE
 * SOBRIQUET. - ÉTYM. Ajoutez : M. Bugge, Romania, n° 10, p. 158, propose une conjecture : sobriquet ou soubzbriquet serait pour soubzbequet, petit coup sous le bec ; pour l'insertion de l'r comparez fanfreluche, pimprenelle. Il faut enregistrer la conjecture de M. Bugge.

(Source)

It seems to me that the discussion in the article confuses Skeat and Littré.

—Mark Dominus (talk) 06:42, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Those are brilliant contributions, it seems you more than most people would be fit for rewriting that section. I encourage you to. Thank you. Julkhamil (talk) 03:50, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sobriquet


text:
Henry Tanner

Henry Tanner may refer to:

 * Henry Ossawa Tanner (1859–1937), African American artist
 * H. W. Lloyd Tanner (Henry William Lloyd Tanner, 1851–1915), British mathematician
 * Henry Schenck Tanner (1786–1858), American cartographer
 * Henry S. Tanner (doctor) (1831–1919), American doctor known for his 1880 great fast in New York
 * Henry Ernest Tanner (1868–1940), English-born farmer and political figure in British Columbia
 * Henry Tanner (architect) (1849–1935), British architect, President of the Concrete Society

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Henry Tanner


text:
Ken Hechler

Kenneth William Hechler (September 20, 1914 – December 10, 2016) was an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented West Virginia's 4th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1959 to 1977 and was West Virginia Secretary of State from 1985 to 2001.

Early life and military service
Of German-American descent, Hechler was born in Roslyn, New York, on September 20, 1914, to Charles Henry and Catherine Elizabeth (Hauhart) Hechler. He held a BA from Swarthmore College, and an MA and PhD from Columbia University in history and government. Hechler served on the faculty of Columbia University, Princeton University, and Barnard College in the years leading up to World War II.

Hechler held a series of minor appointed positions in the federal civil service until he was drafted into the United States Army during World War II in July, 1942. After graduation from Armored Force Officer Candidate School, he was assigned as a combat historian in the European Theater of Operations. Hechler helped chronicle the liberation of France, the 1944 Normandy invasion, Battle of the Bulge, and entrance into Nazi Germany. He was attached to the 9th Armored Division when an armored and infantry task force, part of Combat Command B, unexpectedly captured the Ludendorff Bridge spanning the Rhine River during the Battle of Remagen. He interviewed both U.S. and German soldiers involved at the time. He was awarded a Bronze Star and 5 battle stars. He returned after the war twice to interview Germans who took part in the battle. He found Captain Willi Bratge, whom a German military court had sentenced to death in absentia because he had been captured, and spent a week with him in the Remagen area learning about details of the battle. In 1957 he published the book The Bridge at Remagen: The Amazing Story of March 7, 1945, which was adapted into a film in 1969.

After the war ended, he was assigned to interview many of the defendants prior to the Nuremberg Trials, including Hermann Göring. (Hechler recorded him making a delusional offer to join the American side and "knock hell out of the Russians.")

Entry into politics
Next Hechler was a White House assistant to Harry S. Truman from 1949 to 1953 and Research Director for Adlai Stevenson's 1956 Presidential campaign. From 1953 to 1957 he was associate director of the American Political Science Association in Washington, DC. Hechler then was appointed to the faculty at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. He ran for the United States House of Representatives from West Virginia's Fourth Congressional District, which then included Huntington and many unionized mill towns along the Ohio River north of that industrial city, in 1958. He won a narrow victory by 3,500 votes. He never faced another general election contest anywhere near that close.

In Congress, he earned a reputation as a liberal Democrat and in 1965, he was the only member of Congress to join Martin Luther King Jr. on the Selma to Montgomery marches. Hechler voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1960, 1964, and 1968, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He was the principal architect of the Coal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969, which for the first time put a ceiling on the amount of respirable coal dust allowed in coal mines, and stipulated stringent safety regulations. Though an opponent of the state Democratic machine, he faced little opposition in Democratic primaries and was reelected eight times.

Election of 1972
In 1972, Hechler faced a strong primary challenge for the first time since his initial run for the seat. Following the 1970 Census, West Virginia's declining population cost it a congressional district. The state legislature merged Hechler's district with most of the old 5th District, comprising several coal-mining counties around Bluefield and Beckley. The 5th had been represented by Democrat James Kee of Bluefield since 1965, and members of his family had held the district continuously since 1933. While the new district retained Hechler's district number–the 4th–it was geographically and demographically more Kee's district. Kee retained 65 percent of his former territory. However, Hechler made the most of his union ties and routed Kee in the Democratic primary by almost 26 points. He easily won reelection in November, and was unopposed for reelection in 1974.

Running for Governor
In 1976, he entered a multi-candidate primary for governor, but lost that statewide race by a large margin. He then attempted a write-in campaign in his old district against the Democratic nominee, Nick Rahall. Rahall was a follower and former staffer for Robert Byrd. He lost to Rahall in a close election, taking 36 percent of the vote and pushing the Republican candidate into third place, and lost again to Rahall in the Democratic primary of 1978. Following these unsuccessful political bids, Hechler resumed his teaching career at Marshall University, the University of Charleston and West Virginia State University.

Later career
In 1984 Hechler ran for West Virginia Secretary of State and won. He was re-elected in 1988, 1992, and 1996. In 1990, he again ran, in the middle of his Secretarial term, for his old Congressional seat, but was defeated by Rahall in the primary. His term as Secretary of State is most known for his successful prosecution of Johnie Owens, who sold his position as Sheriff of Mingo County for $100,000 and was sentenced to fourteen years in federal prison. He also persuaded the West Virginia State Legislature to require that candidates publicly register loans, with specific terms of repayment. There was a growing rift between him and union leaders over his support of tough environmental laws, thought by union leaders to be at the cost of jobs.

As secretary of state, in 1985 he moved his legal residence to Charleston. Charleston is located in the 2nd District, which was vacated in 2000 by nine-term Democrat Bob Wise, who was running for governor. Hechler lost a three-way Democratic primary bid for that seat. In 2000, at the age of 85, he walked 530 miles in joining Doris "Granny D" Haddock in her cross country walk on behalf of campaign finance reform, shortly before the passage of the McCain–Feingold Act.

In 2004 he ran yet again for his old post as secretary of state. This time, he won the Democratic primary by a plurality, but lost the general election to Republican Betty Ireland.

After the 2004 election
Beginning in 2004, Hechler campaigned against mountaintop removal mining. On June 23, 2009, Hechler, then aged 94, participated in a protest near mountaintop removal mining sites in the West Virginia coalfields in the Coal River valley along with others. He was one of 29 protesters arrested for trespass.

On July 21, 2010, Hechler filed to run in the special election to succeed the late Senator Robert Byrd, running in the primary against Gov. Joe Manchin. Hechler indicated that his primary goal in entering the race was to draw attention to what he viewed as the devastating impact of mountaintop removal mining in West Virginia. Hechler lost to Manchin, with less than 20% of the vote. He then endorsed Jesse Johnson of the Mountain Party for the Senate seat in the general election.

One of his last public political endorsements was of Charlotte Pritt for Governor of West Virginia in 2016. Pritt, whom Hechler often publicly referred to as one of his protege's, was running this time as the nominee of the Mountain Party. Hechler had supported Pritt in her two other bids for Governor as a Democrat in 1992 and 1996 (when she was the nominee.) Pritt later gave one of the eulogies at his Memorial Service after his death.

On August 12, 2013, Hechler, at the age of 98, married his long-time companion, Carol Kitzmiller, in Winchester, Virginia. On September 20, 2014, he turned 100. "The secret of longevity is to exercise," Hechler said. "I always exercised on the tennis court until I had to give that up, but I've got a new hip." In July 2016, Hechler was placed into hospice care in Romney, West Virginia, after suffering from a recurring lung infection. Hechler died on December 10, 2016, at his home in Romney from a stroke at the age of 102.

Works

 * Ken Hechler, The Enemy Side of the Hill: The 1945 Background on the Interrogation of German Commanders as Seen Subjectively by Major Kenneth W. Hechler, U.S. Dept. of the Army (1949)
 * Ken Hechler, The Bridge at Remagen, Ballantine, First edition (January 1, 1957)
 * The Bridge at Remagen (Presidio War Classic; World War II), Presidio Press (July 26, 2005), ISBN 978-0-89141-860-3
 * The Bridge at Remagen: The Amazing Story of March 7, 1945 - The Day the Rhine River was Crossed, Pictorial Histories Pub, Rev Sub edition (December 30, 1993), ISBN 978-0-929521-79-4
 * Ken Hechler, Endless Space Frontier: A History of the House Committee on Science and Astronautics, 1959-1978 (Aas History Series), Univelt (February 1982), ISBN 978-0-87703-157-4
 * Ken Hechler, Working With Truman, Putnam Adult; First Edition (November 19, 1982), ISBN 978-0-399-12762-5
 * Ken Hechler, Working With Truman: A Personal Memoir of the White House Years (Give 'em Hell Harry Series), University of Missouri Press (March 1996), ISBN 978-0-8262-1067-8
 * Ken Hechler, Holding the line the 51st Engineer Combat Battalion and the Battle of the Bulge, December 1944-January 1945 (SuDoc D 103.43/4:4), Office of History, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1988)
 * Ken Hechler, Holding the Line, University Press of the Pacific (January 30, 2005), ISBN 978-1-4102-1962-6
 * Ken Hechler, River-Horse: The Logbook of a Boat Across America, Penguin Books (1991)
 * Ken Hechler, Hero of the Rhine: The Karl Timmermann Story, Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, (January 1, 2004), ISBN 978-1-57510-110-1
 * Ken Hechler, Super Marine!: The Sgt. Orland D. "Buddy" Jones Story, Pictorial Histories Publishing Company (January 2007), ISBN 978-1-57510-135-4

title: Ken Hechler


text:
Ruth Dicker

Ruth Doerschuk Dicker (March 9, 1919 – December 2, 2004) was a California painter of landscapes. She primarily lived in New York City, Palo Alto, and Santa Rosa.

Personal life
Ruth Doerschuk was born in Niagara Falls, New York, on March 9, 1919. She had a sister named Anne. She received private lessons in oil painting between the ages of nine and twelve.

Doerschuk met her husband, Ralph Dicker, in New York and they were married on August 25, 1942, in California. They raised their sons Thomas and Scott in Palo Alto, California.

Education
She went to Salem Academy boarding school. She studied art history and painting and graduated from College of William and Mary in 1940. She moved to New York City where she studied at the New York School of Fine and Applied Art and at the Art Students League of New York under Ernest Fiene.

Career
While in New York, Dicker worked as a freelance illustrator, a fashion model and a draftsman for Sperry Gyroscope. In 1970, Dicker moved to Bennett Ridge in Santa Rosa, California, where she found her most recognizable style in depicting the landscapes of Sonoma County. Her style includes vibrant acrylic colors, splatters of paint and strips of wood covered in rice-paper to give dimensionality and texture.

Throughout her career, her work was shown in galleries, museums, corporate offices in New York City and in and around the San Francisco Bay area. She participated in one woman or group shows at the Legion of Honor, the Oakland Museum of California, and Stanford University.

After her husband died in 1980, she enjoyed the most productive years of her career. In 1983, Dicker traveled with a group of California artists led by Earl Thollander to China. She enjoyed the art of the Southwest United States and often traveled to Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Her notable paintings include the large paintings depicting the seasons in the dining room of The Nut Tree (now closed) in Vacaville, California, and a 24 ft wood mural at the Yosemite Art and Education Center, now the Valley Wilderness Center.

Dicker died on December 2, 2004, when she was living Santa Rosa, California.

Awards
Dicker was named American Association of University Women's "Women Artist of the Year". In 1964, she won the Society of Women Artists' President's prize at the San Francisco Museum of Art. At the De Saisset Museum she won first and second prizes.

Collections
Dicker's art is in many private and public collections in the United States and abroad, including:
 * Bank of America
 * Barnes-Hine Pharmaceutical
 * Crown Zellerbach
 * Harrah's, Reno, Nevada
 * Price Waterhouse Coopers
 * Wells Fargo Bank

Exhibitions

 * 1961, Impressions of Trees - Stanford Research Institute, Stanford, California
 * 1962, the little studio, New York City, New York
 * Gallery House, Menlo Park, California
 * Quay Gallery, Tiburon, California
 * 1962, "Forth Winter Invitational Exhibition", Legion of Honor, San Francisco, California
 * 1964, The Nut Tree, Vacaville, California
 * 1964, "San Francisco Women Artists Fortieth Annual Exhibition", awarded first prize - San Francisco Museum of Art
 * 1966, "85th Annual Exhibition", San Francisco Museum of Art, San Francisco, California
 * 1968, Ampex Corporation, Hayward, California
 * 1974, The Nut Tree, Vacaville, California
 * "Painted Wood Constructions and Assemblages", The Marshall Gallery, Tomales Bay, California
 * Arlene Lind Gallery, San Francisco, California
 * 1983, Piper Sonoma
 * 1983, Marin County Civic Center, San Rafael, California
 * 1985, California Museum of Art, Santa Rosa, California
 * 1986, Spring Invitational Exhibition - Alden Arts Gallery, Santa Rosa, California
 * 1987, "An Exhibition of bas relief painting", Sterling Vineyards
 * 1987, "Vineyards and Beyond", Kaiser Arts Center Gallery, Oakland, California
 * 1989, The Nut Tree, Vacaville, California
 * 1993, The Nut Tree, Vacaville, California
 * 1994, Marin County Civic Center, San Rafael, California
 * 1995, "Indian Summer", Danny & Company, Santa Rosa, California
 * 2001, Mixed Media Paintings - Solano Bank
 * 2003, "Nut Tree Artist Reunion", Vacaville Museum, Vacaville, California
 * 2003, "12th ROTATION, Honoring the Art of Ruth Dicker", Next Level Communications

title: Ruth Dicker


text:
Wikipedia:Article improvement drive/Removed/27 February 2005

Antigua and Barbuda*

 * Reason: Could be longer. Needs a map.

 * Support
 * 1) Maurreen 07:07, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Dmcdevit 18:21, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Tuf-Kat 03:18, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) kaal 06:02, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Darwinek 19:32, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Comments
 * Has a CIA map and a map of the administrative divisions. What specific map did you have in mind? --Golbez 21:07, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * The map does not show for me, but the box does. Maurreen 01:46, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Criticisms of War on Terrorism*

 * Reason: Writing needs work. It's not cohesive and there are grammar problems. Attribution is also weak. On the other hand, this could become contentious.

 * Support
 * 1) Maurreen 06:29, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Litefantastic 17:48, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) 119 19:28, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Darwinek 19:30, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) GuloGuloGulo 01:44, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Comments
 * Totally agree. Important but volitile subject; heavily POV just now. -Litefantastic 17:48, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Culture*

 * Reason: The article is now fairly deep but narrow.

 * Support
 * 1) Maurreen 05:58, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Tuf-Kat 17:47, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Comments

Graphic design*

 * Reason: Mostly about the history, little on the principles and practices.

 * Support
 * 1) Maurreen 05:58, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Comments

Poetry*

 * Reason: Saw this on the featured article removal candidates. It's a holdover from the less stringent FA rules, I'd guess. It definitely needs work -- that list is ugly, it's nowhere near comprehensive and there's a single reference! --Dmcdevit 07:35, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Support
 * 1) Dmcdevit 07:35, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Maurreen 08:20, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Tuf-Kat 01:29, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Felix Wan 22:55, 2005 Feb 26 (UTC)

 * Comments

Pope John Paul I*
I tried to get this passed to FA, but couldn't. Too heavily biased and very rumor-ridden, it needs help.
 * Reason:
 * Support
 * 1) Litefantastic 17:46, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) 119 08:21, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Maurreen 04:22, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comments
 * Not that far away from FA, methinks. It needs POV patching and maybe some reasearch, but the framework is there. -Litefantastic 17:46, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Voyager 1*

 * Reason: Both the voyager missions did a lot of science and very little is covered in the article.
 * Support
 * 1) kaal 06:11, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) 119 08:21, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comments
 * cannot nominate for the COTW as not stub, but still very brief.

Voyager 2*

 * Reason: Both the voyager missions did a lot of science and very little is covered in the article.
 * Support
 * 1) kaal 06:11, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) 119 08:21, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comments
 * cannot nominate for the COTW as not stub, but still very brief.

Non-Aligned Movement*

 * Reason: Extensively linked-to article which is currently very far from comprehensive and lacks references.

 * Support
 * 1) 119 08:33, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Maurreen 04:22, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comments

Duck and Cover (film)*

 * Reason: The cold war paranoia film!

 * Support
 * 1) Litefantastic 00:17, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Circeus 00:57, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) 119 05:00, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Comments
 * I tried to get this passed to FA twice, and was shut down both times. When I discovered the COTW, I posted it there, but had to remove it when they told me things had to be stubs. Perhaps it will do better here. -Litefantastic 00:17, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Bishop ring

This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Bishop ring. dbenbenn | talk 00:57, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bishop ring


text:
Template talk:Animation-stub

To Marcus2: I'm curious, why would you replace perhaps one of the most widely known animated characters, with a picture of a generic mouse I've never seen before in any animated films or TV series? -Kaizersoze 01:12, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Because it is a picture of a cartoon and better fits the topic of animation. Marcus2 15:11, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Um, since when are "animation" and "cartoon" synonymous? They are completely different things. The Bart Simpson image was added because he (or perhaps Homer) is one of the most widely known and easily identifiable animated characters. It's either him or Mickey Mouse, and I chose not to use Mickey to set this template apart from the ({disney-stub}} template. If you want to create a template and use your generic cartoon mouse icon, then by all means do so. -Kaizersoze 05:17, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * I looked up the article on animation and it and "cartoon" are quite similar. Such figures as Walt Disney, Bill (William) Hanna, and Joe (Joseph) Barbera are listed under animation, and they were creators of cartoons.  This mouse drawing is an example of animation in perhaps its purest form. Marcus2 12:45, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You obviously still have no idea what animation is. To quote the Animation article, "Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model and then photographing the result". If you read that and still think animation and cartoons are the same thing, then there is something wrong with you. Plain and simple, animation is a medium. Cartoons are a specific style of art. This stub template is meant to be used in articles covering the entire field of animation, not just cartoon animation. This means your image would be completely inappropriate for articles about things like claymation, rotoscoping, and articles on the animation process itself. Again, I only chose to use an image of Bart because he is one of the most easily identifiable animated characters. Your image is a generic cartoon "character" that has never been animated. But since you can't get it through your head that animation and cartoons are two completely different things, then no image will be used at all. -Kaizersoze 18:57, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay. I think I get the point.  Though I think it might be a good compromise not to have an image, I was wondering about using maybe Bugs Bunny or Scooby-Doo or something else, or put the old Bart Simpson image back. Marcus2 21:53, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Bugs Bunny and Fred Flintstone would be other good choices for an image; they each represent a certain age in Hollywood animation. Bugs is a symbol of the "golden age" of film animation, Fred represents the "television era" of the 60s, and Bart or Homer represent the animation "renaissance" of the late 80s and 90s. Of course, Mickey is probably the best universal symbol of animation, period, but since there's already a disney-stub template, that can't be used. Now that I think about it though, it would probably be more appropriate to use a general image for animation that doesn't imply any specific studio or era (the same way film-stub uses a film reel rather than a picture of a famous movie character). Perhaps a picture of an animation disc would work? Although, then it'd be ignoring other forms of animation (3D, claymation, cutout animation), but I think that would be acceptable. -Kaizersoze 22:59, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, all of these suggestions are not acceptable for use in (stub) templates like this one, since fair use material cannot be used outside articles. --Sl g randson (page - messages - contribs) 22:43, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Animation-stub


text:
Air Slovakia

Air Slovakia was an airline based in Bratislava, Slovakia, operating out of M. R. Štefánik Airport. The airline offered scheduled and chartered passenger flights, as well as aircraft lease (ACMI).

History
The airline was established on 2 June 1993 as Air Terrex, with its first revenue flight (from Bratislava to Tel Aviv) taking place in January 1994. The new name Air Slovakia was adopted in 1995, following the re-positioning of the airline after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

In October 2006 the airline was sold by Indian businessman Ninder Singh Chohan and purchased by Indian businessman Harjinder Singh Sidhu, who aimed at focusing the airline towards his home country, launching several new destinations.

On 2 March 2010, Air Slovakia had its AOC removed by Slovak authorities with immediate effect, which led to the airline being dissolved in June 2010.

Destinations

Over its time of existence, Air Slovakia operated an extensive network of charter flights, most of them to the Mediterranean region, but also to the Seychelles, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Destinations that saw scheduled flights included Amritsar, Goa and New Delhi in India, as well as Beirut, Dubai, Kuwait and Tel Aviv. Air Slovakia once also offered some intra-European scheduled flights (to Barcelona, Birmingham, Cologne, Larnaca, London and Milan).

Upon closure, Air Slovakia served the following destinations:

Asia

 * India
 * Amritsar - Raja Sansi International Airport
 * Bangladesh
 * Dhaka - Shahjalal International Airport

Europe

 * Italy
 * Bergamo - Orio al Serio Airport
 * Slovakia
 * Bratislava - M. R. Štefánik Airport - base
 * Spain
 * Barcelona - Barcelona El Prat Airport
 * United Kingdom
 * Birmingham - Birmingham International Airport

Last fleet
Upon closure, the Air Slovakia fleet consisted of the following aircraft, equipped with an all-economy class seating:

Fleet development
The ageing Boeing 727 aircraft that formed the initial Air Slovakia fleet were replaced with Boeing 737-200 in 1999, and later again with the more modern Boeing 737-300 (from 2007) and Boeing 757-200 (from 2003).

title: Air Slovakia


text:
The Boy I Love is Up in the Gallery

"The Boy I Love Is Up in the Gallery" (correctly The Boy in the Gallery) is a music hall song written in 1885 by George Ware for music hall star Nelly Power, and made famous by Marie Lloyd. It was also sung by Jenny Hill.

The song is unusual in that it places the singer in the actual location of the theatre, with the words traditionally directed to an imaginary beau in the cheapest seats.

Lyrics
These are the lyrics in the sheet music published by EMI Music Publishing, London, 1977:

I'm a young girl, and have just come over,

Over from the country where they do things big,

And amongst the boys I've got a lover,

And since I've got a lover, why I don't care a fig.

 * The boy I love is up in the gallery,
 * The boy I love is looking now at me,
 * There he is, can't you see, waving his handkerchief,
 * As merry as a robin that sings on a tree.

The boy that I love, they call him a cobbler,

But he's not a cobbler, allow me to state.

For Johnny is a tradesman and he works in the Boro'

Where they sole and heel them, whilst you wait.

 * The boy I love is up in the gallery,
 * The boy I love is looking now at me,
 * There he is, can't you see, waving his handkerchief,
 * As merry as a robin that sings on a tree.

Now, If I were a Duchess and had a lot of money,

I'd give it to the boy who's going to marry me.

But I haven't got a penny, so we'll live on love and kisses,

And be just as happy as the birds on the tree.

 * The boy I love is up in the gallery,
 * The boy I love is looking now at me,
 * There he is, can't you see, waving his handkerchief,
 * As merry as a robin that sings on a tree.

In popular culture
1940 film Gaslight features the song in a music hall scene. The lyrics prompt Anton Walbrook's character Paul Mallen to abort his date and return home to see his wife.

The 1960 film version of John Osborne's 1957 play The Entertainer features the song. It is sung by Brenda de Banzie as Phoebe Rice, wife of main character Archie Rice.

1968 film A Little Of What You Fancy has Helen Shapiro singing the song.

In 1969, Barbara Windsor sang the song in the original cast of Sing a Rude Song, a musical biography of Marie Lloyd written by Caryl Brahms and Ned Sherrin. In 1978, she performed the song as part of a Marie Lloyd medley in an episode of BBC light entertainment programme The Good Old Days.

1972 British mini-series The Edwardians features the song. Georgia Brown plays Marie Lloyd, singing the song in an episode titled "The Reluctant Juggler".

1975 British drama-series Edward the Seventh features the song. Adrienne Posta plays Marie Lloyd, singing the song in an episode titled "The Years of Waiting".

In 1977, Miss Piggy sings the song - accompanied by Rowlf on piano, and with the audience joining in - in the UK spot of the Rich Little episode of The Muppet Show.

In 1980, the song was included in the television detective series Cribb, in an episode titled "Abracadaver".

In 1990, the song was included in the television series "Oh, Mr. Toad", in an episode titled "Toad in Love".

1996 British/French film Different for Girls has Rupert Graves singing a version of the song using the word "girl" and female pronouns.

A 1999 episode of British sitcom Goodnight Sweetheart featured the song. Emma Amos played Marie Lloyd, singing the song in an episode titled "The 'Ouses in Between."

The BBC's 2007 biographical drama Miss Marie Lloyd has Jessie Wallace singing the song in the title role.

2013 British drama-series Ripper Street has Charlene McKenna singing the song in the instalment titled "Our Betrayal: Part 2".

The song was featured in Season 1, Episode 1 of the BBC Two series Peaky Blinders. Original air date was September, 12, 2013 but it was filmed in 2012. Annabelle Wallis's character Grace Burgess sang it; vocal credit was Dara MacMahon.

2018 film The Happy Prince has Rupert Everett singing the song in the role of Oscar Wilde.

The song featured in a 2018 episode of CBBC TV series Hetty Feather, based on the novel by Jacqueline Wilson. Polly Allen's character Sheila Ormsby briefly sings it in the eighth episode of Series 4 in order to win the title of Festival Queen.

title: The Boy I Love is Up in the Gallery


text: Category:Airlines of Slovakia

title: Category:Airlines of Slovakia


text:
User:Venier

Hi my name is Patrick.

And I like to drink milk sometimes.

something something something

Milk!

title: User:Venier


text:
Baris dance

Baris dance (ᬩᬭᬶᬲ᭄) is a family of traditional war dances in Bali, Indonesia, accompanied by gamelan, in which dancers depict the feelings of a young warrior prior to battle, glorify the manhood of the triumphant Balinese warrior, and display the sublimity of his commanding presence. Baris derives its name from the word bebarisan, which literally means "line" or "file formation", referring to the soldiers who served the ancient rajas of Bali.

Performance
There are two main types of baris dance which can be found throughout the island of Bali. The non-ritual dance is performed by a solo male dancer and is often the first dance that a budding dancer learns. However, there are over thirty different types of ritual baris dances, each of which is performed by a group of people, still imitating the movements of the warrior.

Baris tunggal
A baris tunggal dancer, namely a baris dancer who performs on his own, is dressed in white leggings, known as celana. Around his ankles are coverings, known as setewel, which reach halfway up his calves. The dancer wears a belt (setagen), reaching up on his body; inside this belt, a keris is tucked near the shoulder. Around the dancer's torso is a collection of fabric panels, known as awiran, which hang from his body. Another panel, larger, is fixed to his chest. Around his neck he wears a circular collar known as a badong; this collar may or may not be decorated with beads. The costume is completed with a triangular headdress made of shells on springs, which shake during the performance.

At first, as he takes the stage, the dancer's movements are studied and careful, as if he were seeking out foes in an unfamiliar place. When he reaches the middle of the stage, hesitation gives way to self-assurance. He rises on his toes to his full stature, his body motionless with quivering limbs, he whirls on one leg, his feet tread the ground to the tumult of the gamelan, and his face renders the storm of passions of a quick-tempered warrior.

Group dances
There are a variety of group formats for the baris dance, including baris gde, baris keris, baris omang, baris perisi, and baris dadap. These dances are accompanied by different types of music and involve different movements. Dancers may carry a variety of weapons, including a kris, a spear, a bow, or other weapons; often dances are named after the weapons carried. The performances may or may not attempt to convey a story. All, however, are considered sacral, and used for religious ceremonies and events.

Among these dances is the baris demang, which dates back to the 19th century (a drawing of a performance was acquired by Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk while in Bali). In such a dance, dancers wear costumes similar to those worn by the demang in gambuh performances and carry wooden knives. This dance is usually performed during the Pemayun ritual.

In baris biasa, dancers are armed with spears. Such dances are generally brief, and involve a form of playfighting known as masesraman, in which the wooden spears are knocked against each other. Dancers (who can be either male or, when they are fulfilling priestly roles, female) do not wear special costumes; they are only garbed in normal headgear and cloth. The baris biasa dance is generally performed in the morning, following temple activities.

Other versions include baris panah (in which the dancers are armed with arrows), baris presi (in which the dancers are armed with round shields), and baris dadap (in which dancers are armed with elongated, oblong shields). Baris presi is common throughout northern and southern Bali. Baris dadap, however, was limited in range by the 1980s. Dancers

title: Baris dance


text:
Showcase (comics)

Showcase is a comic anthology series published by DC Comics. The general theme of the series was to feature new and minor characters as a way to gauge reader interest in them, without the difficulty and risk of featuring untested characters in their own ongoing titles. Showcase is regarded as the most successful of such tryout series, having been published continuously for more than 14 years, launching numerous popular titles, and maintaining a considerable readership of its own. The series ran from March–April 1956 to September 1970, suspending publication with issue #93, and then was revived for eleven issues from August 1977 to September 1978.

Original series
Showcase featured characters in either one-shot appearances or brief two- or three-issue runs as a way to determine reader interest, without the financial risk of featuring "untested" characters in their own ongoing titles. The series began in March–April 1956 and saw the first appearance of several major characters including the Silver Age Flash, the Challengers of the Unknown, Space Ranger, Adam Strange, Rip Hunter, the Silver Age Green Lantern, the Sea Devils, the Silver Age Atom, the Metal Men, the Inferior Five, the Creeper, Anthro, Hawk and Dove, Angel and the Ape, the Silver Age Spectre, and Bat Lash.

In 1962, DC purchased an adaptation of the James Bond novel and film Dr. No, which had been published in British Classics Illustrated, and published it as an issue of Showcase. It was the first American comic book appearance of the character.

Showcase stood out from other tryout series in that it maintained its own readership; readers who liked a feature would buy the series when it came out, but would often continue buying Showcase as well. The series was canceled in 1970 with issue #93, featuring Manhunter 2070.

Reprint collections
In 1992, DC Comics published a trade paperback reprint collection titled The Essential Showcase: 1956–1959 (ISBN 978-1563890796). This collection reprints selected stories/characters from issues #1, 4, 6, 9, 11, 13, and 17 of the original Showcase series. Several other issues were included in other reprint collections.

Revival
In August 1977, Showcase was revived for 11 issues after the cancellation of 1st Issue Special, which ran from 1975 to 1976. Writer Paul Kupperberg reminisced: "1977 was an expansionary time at DC, and Jenette Kahn was supportive of trying new things. There were a lot of new ideas being thrown around at that time. A lot of books came around, lasted a few issues, and then went away. [DC] decided to create Showcase for the very same reason it was originally created, to have a place to experiment, and if [the feature] sold, great. If not, they were already on to the next idea".[emphasis in original]

The revived Showcase, using the original numbering, began with issue #94 and published the first appearance of the new Doom Patrol and the solo adventures of Power Girl. Issue #100 (May 1978) had a cameo by almost every character that had premiered in the original run of Showcase in a story co-written by Paul Kupperberg and Paul Levitz and drawn by Joe Staton. The series was cancelled again after issue #104 (September 1978), as part of what is commonly called the "DC Implosion". Issues #105 and #106 saw print in Cancelled Comic Cavalcade and #105 was later published in Adventure Comics. Issue #106 was included in The Creeper by Steve Ditko hardcover collection published by DC in 2010. Two other series were announced before the series cancellation: The Huntress, which would have spun out of her feature in Batman Family; and World of Krypton, which was published as DC's first miniseries in 1979. According to editor Paul Levitz, at the time of the cancellation there were still no Huntress stories in production, and the slated content for Showcase #107–109 was Gerry Conway's Western adventure The Deserter.

New Talent Showcase
DC published New Talent Showcase, which ran for 15 issues (Jan. 1984 – March 1985), briefly changed its title to Talent Showcase, and then ended with issue #19 (Oct. 1985). For the most part edited by Karen Berger (and for a short time by Sal Amendola), the series gave new writers and artists their first professional opportunity in the comics industry. Notable creators who made their DC debuts with New Talent Showcase include Mark Beachum, Norm Breyfogle, Tom Grindberg, Steve Lightle, Mindy Newell, and Stan Woch. Per editorial policy, the series featured only new characters.

Showcase '93-'96
DC revived the Showcase title in 1993 when the 1950s retailer reluctance to order new, untested series had largely vanished, and was replaced in the 1990s with reader enthusiasm for the "#1" issues of new series. The new series was published as Showcase '93, a monthly 12-issue miniseries, replaced yearly by Showcase '94,  '95 and  '96, each one also a miniseries lasting 12 issues.

For the first three years (1993–1995), Showcase featured characters and concepts from the Batman family of titles with an emphasis on villain-centric one-off stories. The 1994 Azrael series launched out of Showcase '94 with #10 while a prototype story for what became the Birds of Prey ongoing appeared in Showcase '96 #3. The series also had a series of crossover tie-ins. Showcase '93 had a two-part crossover with the "Knightfall Saga" set while Batman recovered from having his back broken by Bane, which revealed a previously untold story from earlier in the "Knightfall" storyline where Batman fought Two-Face. Showcase '94 #4-5 were part of a crossover with Robin, involving Tim Drake and Huntress fighting a masked priest/vigilante attempting to eliminate his evil mob boss sister's criminal empire. Showcase '94 #8-9 featured a prelude to "Zero Hour Crisis In Time" that featured Monarch's transformation into Extant and #10 featured a crossover story involving Clock King fighting a series of temporal dopplegangers during "Zero Hour" while trying to obtain a powerful time travel artifact.

With the 1996 Showcase series, the focus switched from Batman centric characters to Superman centric characters. This included a story involving the Matrix Supergirl that led into her ongoing series written by Peter David (Showcase '96 #8) and a two-part story involving the Post-Zero Hour Legion of Super-Heroes (#11-12) which featured the first post-Zero Hour meeting of Brainiac 5 and his ancestor Vril Dox and the villain Brainiac, which ultimately served as the final storyline as the series was canceled with #12.

Showcase Presents
In 2005, DC began publishing thick, black-and-white reprints of older material under the umbrella title Showcase Presents.

title: Showcase (comics)


text:
Talk:FIS Nordic World Ski Championships

Section hierarchy depth
My rationale for having only two section levels has been to avoid a very deep section hierarchy which leads to small-character/indistinguishable sub(sub(sub))section headings for most combinations of web browsers and text size settings. --Wernher 01:01, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Flags and tables
I think we need to do the inclusion of national flags in the tables in another way than the one which has been used up till now, for two reasons: 1) the loading time for the article is soon becoming far too long (unless anyone can tell me otherwise?), and 2) the standard, orderly, way of including flags in sports results listings is by using templates like these and others, long since established in WKP for us to use: 🇸🇪 = 🇸🇪, 🇫🇮 = 🇫🇮,  🇩🇪 = 🇩🇪,  🇳🇴 = 🇳🇴,  🇷🇺 = 🇷🇺,  etc.*

Talking about 'standards', I think we should also use the prettytable template for the tables. The tables will need to be converted to the Wikimedia table format, I guess. Please do not add more flags until we have settled these issues. Examples of 'standard' sports results tables can be found in 2005 World Championships in Athletics*. --Wernher 01:07, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

(* However, allow me to suggest that we probably don't need full nation names everywhere in the listings in this article, since the number of nationalities of top-notch Nordic skiing contestants is very small compared to world class contestants in athletics and other popular summer sports. I therefore propose we make do with a flag icon and an IOC code; the latter could link to the country if deemed necessary. --Wernher.)

 * Hm. Dunno if you still care about this, but anyway. I just cleaned up an IP address addition to this page - I've added some stuff before as well. Personally, I like the format I've used (naturally! :D ) for things like Nordic_skiing_World_Championships, although that of course has the disadvantage that you have to know the flags first. I like your idea as well, but maybe write the nation names out in full for the relays and team competitions? Sam Vimes 19:30, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, thanks for the info. I think the anon IP person's changes should be overwritten as outlined above, e.g. replaced with proper template flag icons/contry codes. And, of course, full nation names should be used for all kinds of team events, just like you say. If I make any changes (I hope to be able to find a suitably non-tedious method to do the replacement work, using emacs, naturally :-) ). I'll start with just a couple of tables, so you may have a say before we hopefully reach a concensus on the overall format. --Wernher 11:35, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

Update: this article now having become over 83 KB long and thus taking forever to load, I think we should do something to reduce its size. I'll experiment with replacing all the separate flag markers+name links by the template biathlon flagresult, which has the added advantage of considerably tidying up the wp source. --Wernher 19:43, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Converting into wikitables ought to help a bit, too - removing all the trs and tds... Sam Vimes 21:33, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed, as I suggested in my initial comment. Luckily, there are several tools to transmogrify HTML tables to wikitables. I'll probably use one of these to do the conversions RSN :-) --Wernher 04:16, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Combining two sections in the Championships
Have we considered the combining the 18km and 15km together in the Men's Section and the 20km and 30km in the Women's section? This is what the distances are shown in the Winter Olympics. Chris 14:47, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Medal Table
In the table West Germany is recorded with 5. The correct number is 7 (ref: 1966,1985 and 1987)Stavol2 09:29, 3 December 2006 (UTC) If you count the silver medals for Sweden, you will see that the correct number is 28Stavol2 09:58, 3 December 2006 (UTC)If you count the silver medals for Finland, you will see that the correct number is 67Stavol2 10:25, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Medal count for Russia and the USSR should be distinct, because they were different countries, in particular USSR consisted of Russia and 14 other republics, now independent states, that contributed to USSR successes. Also, period of time, during which Soviet athletes competed should be mentioned. I'll try to fix it myself, if I find corresponding inf. Cmapm 19:58, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

If USSR and Russia are split, Czechoslovakia and the Czech Rep. also should be. The important thing is that the numbers of medals are correct. However, should it be considered to sort the nations after gold, then silver, then bronze, like it's very often being done in medal tables? Leaving the last column with the total number of medals? Stavol2 20:58, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Sorted medal table by gold, then silver and bronze as Stavol2 suggested many years ago. Should some sort of top athletes (all athletes with more that 2 or 5 medals) list be made? Steinarbe 21:19, 1 March 2013 (UTC)

2010
I challenge anyone to find information that states that a world championship in 2010 will be held. I recognize that world championships were held for events not on the Olympic program back in the 80's, but past history is of little value in determing future events. A team ski jumping event was part of the program in 2005 but was NOT included in the 2006 Olympic program. I have examined the FIS website throughly and there isn't even an indication that a 2010 world championship will be held. Wikipedia is not in about speculation. I would like to see the 2010 world championship page taken down. - dw

Olympic Games as World Championships
In Yukio Kasaya, there is a sentence: In 1972 the Olympic Games also doubled as the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, so Kasaya's gold medal victory in the individual normal hill made him world champion as well.

I thought this was not true, but I found this in here: ''From 1924 to 1939, the World Championships were held every year, including the Winter Olympics. After World War II, the World Championships were held in even-numbered years from 1948 to 1982, including the Winter Olympics.''

Still, the Olympics from 1924 to 1980 are not listed here. They should be if they indeed are considered as world championships too. 85.217.39.127 (talk) 15:22, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20120731171641/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/majorevents/fisworldskichampionships/nordicwsc.html to http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/majorevents/fisworldskichampionships/nordicwsc.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050305075135/http://www.sports123.com/cco/index.html to http://sports123.com/cco/index.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:43, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:FIS Nordic World Ski Championships


text: Category:Cabinets of Denmark

title: Category:Cabinets of Denmark