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Cinefex

Cinefex was a quarterly journal that debuted in 1980 and covered visual effects in films. Each issue featured lengthy, detailed articles that described the creative and technical processes behind current films, the information drawn from interviews with the effects artists and technicians involved. Each issue also featured many behind-the-scenes photographs illustrating the progression of visual effects shots – from previsualization to final – as well as the execution of miniatures, pyrotechnics, makeup and other related effects.

Cinefex was made available for the iPad, enabling users to purchase digital copies of back issues of the magazine.

Publication history
The magazine was founded by Don Shay, who alone wrote and produced the first issue, which covered the effects work in the films Alien and Star Trek: The Motion Picture. Earlier, Shay had written extensively on the stop-motion effects work in the original 1933 film King Kong, published in the British publication Focus on Film, and had authored a definitive piece on the effects in Close Encounters of the Third Kind for the magazine Cinefantastique. Shay had also published five issues of an earlier fantasy film magazine from 1962 to 1967, titled K'scope (for Kaleidoscope, which appeared on the cover of the first issue), as well as collaborating with Ray Cabana on the one-shot magazine Candlelight Room in 1963.

A defining characteristic of Cinefex is its unusual 8"×9" configuration, a format Shay chose to enable him to reproduce film frames in a format similar to their original film aspect ratio.

The magazine was entirely reader-supported for its first ten years. In 1990, advertising director Bill Lindsay launched an advertising program that enabled Shay to hire editor Jody Duncan, the publication's head writer for several years, and later, associate editor Joe Fordham. In late 2015, as the quarterly magazine transitioned into bimonthly publication, Cinefex blog editor Graham Edwards joined the team as a full-time writer.

In 2004, Don Shay received the Board of Directors Award from the Visual Effects Society for "illuminating the field of visual effects through his role as publisher of Cinefex."

A 2014 event sponsored by the Visual Effects Society and held at UCLA celebrated "36 Years of Cinefex," and featured a panel discussion with Don Shay and Jody Duncan, moderated by Matte World Digital founder Craig Barron.

That event highlighted the magazine's definitive coverage of the most explosive and innovative era in visual effects history, a period that saw the early use of motion control technology in The Empire Strikes Back, the development of computer animation (showcased in the groundbreaking 1993 film Jurassic Park), the pinnacle of performance capture techniques, as executed in 2009's Avatar, as well as advancements in hydraulics and robotics employed in practical, in-camera effects.

In 2014 Shay retired as publisher, handing the reins to his son, Gregg – who took over ownership in 2016.

As larger, better-funded magazines folded, Cinefex – once described in Hollywood Reporter as 'a niche survivor' – expanded from quarterly to bimonthly publication beginning in 2016.

In its February 2021 issue, #172, Cinefex announced its final issue of the magazine after 40 years of publications. Gregg Shay, the magazine's publisher, cited the effects of COVID-19 pandemic as a reason for the magazine to officially end and discontinue its publication.

Reception
In 2001, twenty years after the original publication of Cinefex, Ramin Zahed of Variety praised the magazine, writing that it "is one of the few places where you can turn to when you're desperate for the right information about special effects credits."

title: Cinefex


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Talk:Gotcha (programming)

The text is from Eric S. Raymonds Jargon File, which is in the public domain. See for details. D.Cutter 15:14, 4 Feb 2005 (CET)

Why I deleted the Transwiki tag
Gotchas are potentially vast subject and it is extreeeeeemly useful to have a page warning people of some of the common gotchas.Dejvid 11:20, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

Notability
Googling for programming gotcha yields 619,000 hits. Clearly it's notable, though I'm not sure how to "establish" this in the text. More examples in more languages would help. Perhaps a reference to books on the subject, such as Koenig's C Traps and Pitfalls? Tualha (Talk) 10:04, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Number of hits in Google does not establish notability. The phrase "purple donkey" yeilds 1,480,000 results. This article should either be broadened to include every kind of gotcha (including those having nothing to do with computers)-- or deleted. Gotcha is a general term. (-XDXFP 4:13PM / Nov 17th)

 * Okay. This is clearly a topic that's not confined to be a dicdef. Gotchas as a programming term are well known among programmers. Thus, probably notable (we don't have notability guide for technical concepts, though, but the gut feeling says this is important). If the article was expanded to cover more on the usage, then this would be definitely notable. I'll thus remove the notability tags and tag it for expansion instead. --wwwwolf (barks/growls) 14:39, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

In my opinion this article not notable and could be deleted. Gotcha is a generic term and this article could equally be called "programming pitfalls" or "one line programming errors". Quimn (talk) 00:41, 3 May 2020 (UTC)

Gotchas in the C programing language
This section is about C programming language but the example code is written in C++. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.21.19.168 (talk) 01:19, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

yes and this function parathesis is NOT a gotcha, you just HAVE to know how declarations are working. if you do it 'by eye' then i agree. and == = := is kind of corect 84.16.123.194 (talk) 00:41, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

 * #IF 0 up to #ENDIF should be deleted. It's a syntax error. The "gotcha" in the C function example  is a very good gotcha however - it compiles fine and does nothing of value - it puts the address of the function on the stack, whereafter the address is dropped. ... said: Rursus ( m bork³  ) 17:08, 21 November 2009 (UTC)

Iterating Range
I don't think this is a gotcha. The example in particular works as expected. A (3..1) Range does not include any element. It's an empty one, since the initial element of the Range is bigger than the final one. Since it's an empty range, iterating over it produces no output, correctly and unsurprisingly.

I think this particular gotcha should be removed. I have removed this gotcha.

 * It's still a gotcha because it behaves not the way people expect it to (which would be, iterating backwards: 3,2,1). It may be by design, but it's still a poor design that leads to errors. -- Wesha (talk) 17:58, 9 November 2010 (UTC)

Returns from the block
As a ruby beginner wannabe, I simply don't understand the example. I think it could be improved by showing where  has been defined, explaining what the return will actually return from (, AFAIU). It is also unclear to me why “the code in transaction taking care of that will never be executed if ”. Does it means that the code after the return in transaction will not be executed? This is the normal behaviour I would expect. shtrom (talk) 02:27, 16 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, what we have between  and   is actually an anonymous, isolated code block, that gets passed as a parameter to function , and as such one would expect return to return from that particular block. Function transaction internally looks like:

 * The problem is that when you return inside the block, the remainder of  after   will not be executed, i.e. transaction will NOT be properly closed in the DB. -- Wesha (talk) 18:06, 9 November 2010 (UTC)

Relevance of Examples
Wikipedia is supposed to contain a description of important information relevant to the topic and perhaps a notable example or two simply as illustration. This article is composed almost entirely of examples. Wikipedia simply is not an exhaustive list of every possible thing that may potentially be confusing to a majority of people. I don't think the page should be deleted, but I do think that the entire contents of it should be thrown out and the article re-written. Anyone have any thoughts? Westphjm (talk) 19:45, 1 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Belatedly, your advice was acted upon. I deleted the whole unreferenced example farm. A reference to a reliable source must attest that the particular case is a notable "gotcha", i.e., a very common source of programmer's mistake. I can name a dozen of these right out of my head. Such as having items named  aValidNameOfATop and aValidNameOfABot and confuse them by cut and paste. Or name a variable 'tmp' and re-use it in two distant pieces of code, and then next coder modifies the code accidentally removing re-initialization of 'tmp'. Or zillion of other sloppiness a compiler will never catch. Staszek Lem (talk) 17:06, 17 August 2015 (UTC)

I agree that this article is not the place for an "example farm", but differ with the rationale, namely that every "particular case" of a notable topic must itself be notable. Certainly concepts such as "person", or many particular species, are notable; but it would be misleading (and sometimes difficult) to limit oneself to notable examples.Sderose (talk) 17:32, 5 December 2017 (UTC)

Not a programming-specific term
This is just the normal word "gotcha" meaning a trap. I don't see why it deserves a special programming-specific page. Equinox ◑ 20:16, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Gotcha (programming)


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Talk:Mikhail Marynich

Untitled
My opinion is that he's gonna be really famous, with the likes of Viktor Yuschenko and the other events happening in the world today. So I added him, hope there will be no NPOV problems as the article grows longer. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Humble Guy (talk • contribs) 09:25, February 4, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mikhail Marynich


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Lambert Wilson

Lambert Nicolas Wilson (born Willson, 3 August 1958) is a French actor. He is best known internationally for his portrayal of The Merovingian in The Matrix film series, beginning with The Matrix Reloaded.

Early life
Wilson is the son of Georges Wilson, who was an actor, theatrical manager and director of the Théâtre National Populaire. As a teenager, he had little interest in the French theatre and aimed to become an "American actor" and appear in Hollywood pictures. He studied acting at the Drama Centre London to learn English. He played his first movie role in the 1977 American film Julia, directed by Fred Zinnemann.

Five years later, he played his first starring role in another film by Zinneman, Five Days One Summer, opposite Sean Connery. But the film was not a commercial success, and neither was Sahara in which Wilson co-starred with Brooke Shields. Wilson ultimately found success in his home country: during the 1980s, he became popular with French audiences by appearing in successful films such as La Boum 2, The Public Woman and Rendez-vous. At the time, he was often cast either as tormented characters or in romantic parts, although he found himself more convincing in the former kind of roles.

Wilson screen tested for The Living Daylights (1987) for the role of James Bond, appearing in test footage opposite Maryam d'Abo (the Bond girl in The Living Daylights) as Tatiana Romanova, re-enacting scenes from From Russia with Love (1963). In 1991, Wilson was featured in a series of Calvin Klein ads for its Eternity perfume brand, featuring Christy Turlington, reuniting for a poster ad in 1998.

Career
In musical theatre Wilson has appeared as Count Carl-Magnus Malcolm in the 1995 National Theatre London production of A Little Night Music, where "every word and note was fiercely projected", and of which a recording was later issued. In 2007 he was Voltaire/Pangloss (bilingually) in Robert Carsen's production of Candide at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris. He appeared as Eric Thomson in Resnais's 2003 film version of the 1925 comédie musicale Pas sur la bouche by Yvain.

Wilson released Musicals on the EMI label in 1989 (re-issued in 2004), with John McGlinn conducting Orchestre Philharmonique de Monte-Carlo. It features him singing songs of the American Musical Theatre catalogue, those well-known ("Maria" from West Side Story, "There But For You Go I" from Lerner & Loewe's Brigadoon, "The Cafe Song" from Les Misérables, "Johanna" from Stephen Sondheim's Sweeney Todd), rare ("Love Song" from Kurt Weill and Alan Jay Lerner's Love Life, "It Must Be So" from Leonard Bernstein's Candide, and "Silly People", which was cut from Sondheim's A Little Night Music), and those in-between ("Finishing the Hat" from Sunday in the Park with George, "You Do Something to Me" from Cole Porter's Fifty Million Frenchmen, "Never Will I Marry" from Frank Loesser's Greenwillow).

He has directed stage presentations of Alfred de Musset's Les Caprices de Marianne starring Laure Marsac at Paris' Bouffes du Nord as well as Jean Racine's Bérénice starring Kristin Scott Thomas and Didier Sandre at Avignon and then Chaillot.

In 1989, his performance as Abbé Pierre in the film Hiver 54, l'abbé Pierre, for which he received the Jean Gabin prize, won him critical accolades. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, however, his screen career suffered from a series of box office failures, such as The Possessed and El Dorado.

He later said that the French producers had come, at the time, to regard him as "box office poison". He eventually won back the favour of French audiences by appearing in the successful comedies Same Old Song (1997) and Jet Set (2000).

Wilson was cast in the role of The Merovingian in The Matrix Reloaded (2002) and The Matrix Revolutions (2003), perhaps his best-known role in the American cinema. Being completely fluent in English, his strong French accent in the film is fabricated for the role. The role also popularised the Ediety tie knot, now commonly referred to as "The Merovingian".

Recent years
In November 2012, he was selected as a member of the main competition jury at the 2012 International Film Festival of Marrakech. In April 2013, Wilson was invited by MINUSTAH (United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti) to visit Haiti in the capacity of helping with various UN-backed environment and cultural programmes.

He was the master of ceremonies for the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2014 and 2015 Cannes Film Festival.

In February 2016, he released a tribute album called Wilson chante Montand to the singer Yves Montand to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the death of the artist. Among the 17 tracks on the album there is Mais qu’est-ce que j’ai ? which was composed by Henri Betti with the lyrics by Édith Piaf in 1947. The musical arrangements of the 17 songs were made by Bruno Fontaine. Also in 2016, he portrayed Jacques Cousteau in the biopic The Odyssey.

Wilson's commitment to safeguarding the environment is manifest in his support of Greenpeace and Agir pour l'Environnement amongst others. He works on behalf of the Fondation Abbé-Pierre and the Mouvement Emmaüs in France to eradicate hunger and poverty. Wilson is an ambassador for Les Toiles Enchantées (an association that brings contemporary cinema to hospitals and hospices for children), and parrain (patron) for a proposed new cinema at the Institut Français in London.

Wilson is Chevalier and Officier des Arts et des Lettres and Chevalier and Officier de l'Ordre National du Mérite. He was raised to Commandeur de l’Ordre du Mérite by President Emmanuel Macron in 2017.

In January 2018 he engaged to assist the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) in communications regarding work to eradicate world hunger and poverty ("Working for Zero Hunger"). The same year he starred in Volontaire by Hélène Fillières.

In 2021, Wilson reprised his role of The Merovingian from The Matrix franchise in The Matrix Resurrections.

title: Lambert Wilson


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HMS Lutine (1779)

Lutine was a frigate which served in both the French Navy and the Royal Navy. She was launched by the French in 1779. The ship passed to British control in 1793 and was taken into service as HMS Lutine. She sank among the West Frisian Islands during a storm in 1799.

She was built as a French Magicienne-class frigate with 32 guns, and was launched at Toulon in 1779. During the French Revolution, Lutine came under French Royalist control. On 18 December 1793, she was one of sixteen ships handed over to a British fleet at the end of the Siege of Toulon, to prevent her being captured by the French Republicans. In 1795, she was rebuilt by the British as a fifth-rate frigate with 38 guns. She served thereafter in the North Sea, where she was part of the blockade of Amsterdam.

Lutine sank during a storm at Vlieland in the West Frisian Islands on 9 October 1799, whilst carrying a large shipment of gold. Shifting sandbanks disrupted salvage attempts, and the majority of the cargo has never been recovered. Lloyd's of London has preserved her salvaged bell – the Lutine Bell – which is now used for ceremonial purposes at their headquarters in London.

French career
In 1780, Lutine was under Cambray, and called the ports of Foilleri, Smyrna and Malta, before returning to Toulon, escorting a convoy. Later that year, she was under Garnier de Saint-Antonin, conducting missions in the Eastern Mediterranean.

In 1781, she was under Flotte, also escorting convoys in the Eastern Mediterranean and calling Marseille, Malta, Smyrna and Foilleri. At Athens, Flotte was gifted an antique relief, that he reported to Navy Minister Castries. From 13 July 1782 to 16 July 1783, she continued the same missions under Gineste.

With the outbreak of the War of the First Coalition, Lutine was recommissioned as a bomb ship in 1792.

British career
On 27 September 1793, the royalists in Toulon surrendered the city, naval dockyards, arsenal, and French Mediterranean fleet to a British fleet commanded by Vice Admiral Lord Hood. The French vessels included: "...seventeen ships of the line (one 120, one 80 and fifteen 74s), five frigates and eleven corvettes. In various stages of refitting in the New Basin were four ships of the line (one 120, one 80, and two 74s) and a frigate. Mainly in the Old Basin and, for the most part, awaiting middling or large repair, were eight ships of the line (one 80 and seven 74s), five frigates and two corvettes."

Lutine was one of the ships from the Old Basin. During the siege of Toulon, the British converted Lutine to a bomb vessel that fired mortars at the besieging French artillery batteries, which were under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte. When they abandoned Toulon on 19 December, the British took Lutine with them.

The ship was sent to Portsmouth in December 1793 for a refit and commissioned as HMS Lutine.

The loss of the Lutine occurred during the Second Coalition of the French Revolutionary Wars, in which an Anglo-Russian army landed in the Batavian Republic (now the Netherlands), which had been occupied by the French since 1795. (The French had captured the Dutch fleet the previous year in a cavalry charge over the frozen polders.) Admiral Duncan had heavily defeated the Dutch fleet in 1797 at the Battle of Camperdown and the remainder of the Dutch fleet was captured on 30 August 1799 by the Duke of York.

During this period Lutine served as an escort, guiding transports in and out of the shoal waters around North Holland.

In October 1799 under command of Captain Lancelot Skynner she was employed in carrying about £ in bullion and coin (equivalent in value to £ in 2024), from Yarmouth to Cuxhaven in order to provide Hamburg's banks with funds in order to prevent a stock market crash and, possibly, for paying troops in North Holland. In the evening of 9 October 1799, during a heavy northwesterly gale, the ship under Captain Lancelot Skynner, having made unexpected leeway, was drawn by the tidal stream flowing into the Waddenzee, onto a sandbank in Vlie off the island of Terschelling, in the West Frisian Islands. There, she became a total loss. All but one of her approximately 240 passengers and crew perished in the breaking seas.

Captain Portlock, commander of the British squadron at Vlieland, reported the loss, writing to the Admiralty in London on 10 October:

"Sir, It is with extreme pain that I have to state to you the melancholy fate of H.M.S. Lutine, which ship ran on to the outer bank of the Fly [an anglicisation of 'Vlie'] Island passage on the night of the 9th inst. in a heavy gale of wind from the NNW, and I am much afraid the crew with the exception of one man, who was saved on a part of the wreck, have perished. This man, when taken up, was almost exhausted. He is at present tolerably recovered, and relates that the Lutine left Yarmouth Roads on the morning of the 9th inst. bound for the Texel, and that she had on board a considerable quantity of money.

The wind blowing strong from the NNW, and the lee tide coming on, rendered it impossible with Schowts [probably schuits, local fishing vessels] or other boats to go out to aid her until daylight in the morning, and at that time nothing was to be seen but parts of the wreck.

I shall use every endeavour to save what I can from the wreck, but from the situation she is lying in, I am afraid little will be recovered." Three officers, including Captain Skynner, were apparently buried in the Vlieland churchyard, and around two hundred others were buried in a mass grave near the Brandaris lighthouse in Terschelling. No memorials mark these graves.

Captain Lancelot Skynner came from Easton on the Hill, near Stamford, England, where his father was rector for many years. Plaques on the former rectory (known for a time as Lutine House) and in the church commemorate this and Captain Skynner.

The failure of the gold to arrive precipitated the very crisis that it had been designed to prevent.

Site of the wreck
The site of the wreck, the Vlie, was notorious for its strong currents and the danger of storms forcing ships onto the shore. The area is composed of sandbanks and shoals, which the currents continuously shift, with channels through them: in 1666, during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, Admiral Holmes had managed to penetrate these shoals and start Holmes's Bonfire, surprising the Dutch who had considered the shoals impassable. The depth of water also constantly changes, and this has caused much of the difficulty in salvage attempts.

Lutine was wrecked in a shallow channel called the IJzergat, which has now completely disappeared, between the islands of Vlieland and Terschelling. Immediately after Lutine sank, the wreck began silting up, forcing an end to salvage attempts by 1804. By chance, it was discovered in 1857 that the wreck was again uncovered, but covered again in 1859. The wreck was probably partially uncovered between 1915 and 1916, although no salvage was attempted because of World War I.

The gold
Lloyd's archives were destroyed by the fire at Lloyd's headquarters in 1838, and the amount of cargo lost is based on the estimate made by Lloyd's in 1858: £1.2 million, consisting of both silver and gold ''60 years after the disaster. Only the general assessment of the cargo and the amount of insurance are known for sure''. The gold was insured by Lloyd's of London, which paid the claim in full. The underwriters therefore owned the gold under rights of abandonment and later authorised attempts to salvage it. However, because of the state of war, the Dutch also laid claim to it as a prize of war.

Captain Portlock was instructed by the Admiralty on 29 October 1799 to try to recover the cargo for the benefit of the persons to whom it belongs; Lloyd's also sent agents to look over the wreck. The Committee for the Public Properties of Holland instructed the local Receivers of Wrecks to report on the wreck, and F.P. Robbé, the Receiver on Terschelling, was authorised in December 1799 to begin salvage operations. All three parties had drawn attention to the difficulty of salvage due to the unfavourable position of the wreck and lateness of the year. At this point, the wreck was lying in approximately 7.5 m of water.

In 1821, Robbé's successor as Receiver at Terschelling, Pierre Eschauzier successfully petitioned King William I and by royal decree received the sole right "to attempt the further salvage of the cargo of the English frigate, the Lutine, which foundered between Terrschelling and Vlieland in the year 1799, proceeding from London and bound for Hamburg, and having a very considerable capital on board, consisting of gold and silver as well as thousands of Spanish coins, believed to amount in all to 20 million Dutch guilders." In return, the state would receive half of all recoveries. Eschauzier and his heirs therefore became the owners of the wreck by royal decree and thus are known as the 'Decretal Salvors'.

Eschauzier's attempts spurred Lloyd's to approach the British government to defend their rights to the wreck. In 1823, King William revised by subsequent decree the original decree: everything which "had been reserved to the state from the cargo of the above-mentioned frigate" was ceded to the King of Great Britain as a token "of our friendly sentiments towards the Kingdom of Great Britain, and by no means out of a conviction of England's right to any part of the aforementioned cargo." This share was subsequently ceded back to Lloyd's.

The gold was apparently stored in flimsy casks bound with weak iron hoops and the silver in casks with wooden hoops. Within a year of the wreck, these casks had largely disintegrated, and the sea had started to scatter and cover the wreck.

Lloyd's records were destroyed by fire in 1838, and the actual amount of the gold lost is now unknown. In 1858 Lloyd's estimated the total value at £, made up of both silver and gold. Despite extended operations, over 80% remains to be salvaged. An uncorroborated newspaper report in 1869 referred to the Dutch crown jewels being on board.

Initial salvage attempts 1799-1938
1799-1801: An 1876 account reports that fishermen-with the sanction of the Dutch government in return for two-thirds of the recovered salvage-for a year and a half prior to 1801 recovered £80,000 of Bullion consisting of 58 bars of gold; 35 bars of silver; 42,000 Spanish silver pistoles; 212 half-pistoles, 179 Spanish gold pistoles; with smaller quantities of quarter; eighth and sixteenth pistoles. A 1911 account reports that, besides the gold, silver and pistoles listed above, there was also recovered 41,697-not 42,000- Spanish Silver pistoles; 81 double Louis d'or; 138 single Louis d'or and 4 English guineas with an estimated value of £83,000 pounds sterling. The Dutch government's two-thirds share was re-minted into £56,000 worth of Dutch guilders. Sent to England was a packet of silver spoons initialled "W.S" and recognized as belonging to Lutine's captain; likewise, a salvaged sword was identified as belonging to Lt. Charles Gustine Aufrere.

In August 1800 Robbé recovered a cask of seven gold bars, weighing 37 kg and a small chest containing 4,606 Spanish piastres. Over 4–5 September, two small casks were recovered, one with its bottom stoved in, yielding twelve gold bars. There were also other, more minor, recoveries, making this year the most successful of all the salvage attempts; however, the expenses of the salvage were still greater than the recoveries by 3,241 guilders.

In 1801, although recoveries were made, conditions were unfavourable and the wreck was already silted up. By 1804 Robbé reported: that the part of the wreck in which one is accustomed to find the precious metals has now been covered by a large piece of the side of the ship (which had previously been found hanging more or less at an angle), thus impeding the salvage work, which was otherwise possible. Salvage attempts appear to have been given up at this point.

In 1814, Pierre Eschauzier was allocated 300 guilders for salvage by the Dutch King and recovered "8 Louis d'or and 7 Spanish piastres fished out of the wreck of the Lutine".

In 1821, Eschauzier put together a syndicate with the intention of using a diving bell manned by amphibicque Englishmen. However, Mr. Rennie, the engineer died that year; in 1822, the diving bell arrived at the end of June, but operations were frustrated by bad weather and silting-up of the wreck; at this stage the wreck was reckoned to be 1 m under the sand. Although salvage attempts continued until 1829, little was gained and the diving bell was sold on to the Dutch navy. In 1835, the sandbank covering Lutine shrank and moved southwards, with the depth of water being 9 - 10 m and desultory attempts at salvage were made. Further attempts to raise capital were largely unsuccessful.

In 1857, it was discovered by chance that "a channel had formed straight across the Goudplaat sandbank, leading over the wreck, so that the latter was not merely clear of sand but had also sunk further below the surface with the channel [...] the bows and stern, together with the decks and sides, had come completely away, leaving only the keel with the keelson above it and some ribs attached to this". Recovery work immediately recommenced, now using helmeted divers (helmduikers) and bell divers (klokduikers), the latter using a bell called the Hollandsche Duiker ('Dutch diver'). However, a large number of unauthorised salvors also displayed an interest, which led the Dutch government to station a gunboat in the area. Over the course of the season approximately 20,000 guilders-worth of specie was recovered.

The 1858 season was hampered by poor weather but yielded 32 gold bars and 66 silver bars. This ship's bell was also discovered in this year (see below). In 1859 it became apparent that the treasure had been stored towards the stern of the ship, and that the stern was lying on its side, with the starboard side uppermost and the port side sunk into the sand. This area, however, only gave up 4 gold bars, 1 silver bar, and over 3,500 piastres.

In 1859 the rudder from the wreck was salvaged. This was transported to Lloyd's and used to make a desk and a chair for Lloyd's of London. These are still kept at Lloyd's and used on special occasions. On the table is a plaque of silver with the text:

"H.B.M. Ship La Lutine.

32 Gun Frigate Commanded by Captain Lancelot Skynner, R.N. Sailed from Yarmouth Roads On the morning of the 9th October, 1799 with a large amount of specie on board, And was wrecked off the Island of Vlieland the same night,

When all on board were lost except one man."

The chair has a similar inscription.

Less known is that in addition to the table and chair, two ink sets are also made from the wood of the rudder. These feature lloyd's coat of arms and a silver plaque with the text: Ink set made of lutine rudder with silver plaque THIS INKSTAND is made of the RUDDER of LUTINE Frigate wrecked off the island of Vlieland Oct. 9. 1799. The Rudder was recovered in 1859 after being submerged 60 years

By 1860, the depth of the wreck had reached 14 m and the quantity of salvage was declining. Nonetheless, over the four years salvage worth half a million guilders had been recovered: 41 gold bars, 64 silver bars, and 15,350 various coins, and the syndicate paid a 136% return; attempts were finally ended in 1863 as the wreck again silted up.

After 1860 to 1889 attempts at salvage are reported to have recovered 11,164 coins valued at $4,600.

In 1867, an inventor, Willem Hendrik ter Meulen, proposed using a 'zandboor' ('sand drill'), a device which forced water into the sandy sea bed in order to clear a way for a helmet diver and signed a three-year contract, subsequently extended for another three years and then a further twenty years. The plan was that when the depth of water reached 7 m, the machine would be used to excavate the same depth of sand down onto the wreck. Ter Meulen bought a steel-hulled, paddlewheel-driven 50 h.p. steam tug, Antagonist. The engine was modified such that it could be disconnected from the paddlewheels and used to drive the centrifugal 'whirlpool' pump. The pump was capable of pumping water at a rate of 21.5 m3/min, but tests showed that 1.5 m3/min was sufficient, and the 'zandboor' took only a couple of minutes to penetrate through to the wreck. It was also found that the sand did not collapse once the diver descended through the drilled hole into the cavity excavated by the machine.

Unfortunately, the wreck remained heavily silted up, with the depth of water varying between a high of 2 m (in 1873) to a low of 5 m (in 1868 and again in 1884). However, ter Meulen was responsible for re-establishing the landmarks used for taking transits of the wreck site and for establishing its position: 53.34306°N, 5.02611°W.

In 1886 a cannon was salvaged and presented by Lloyd's to Queen Victoria: it is now on display at Windsor Castle. Another was offered to the City of London Corporation and is on display at the Guildhall, London. A final cannon was passed to the Lloyd's sports club in Essex. More are on display in Amsterdam's Stedelijk Museum, and at least four are in Terschelling. A number of coins and small relics were recovered to the value of £700.

In 1891 a few small coins were found, and in 1896 a cannon was presented to Queen Wilhelmina.

In 1898, of timber was salvaged. This was donated to the Liverpool Underwriters' Association, whose chairman had it made into a chair. Where this chair is now is unknown.

In 1911 a Salvage Company was organized to salvage the reported treasure. In 1912 this effort is reported to have recovered silver coins, cannon, cannonballs, grapeshot and an anchor but no treasure.

In 1913 the two bower anchors, carried at the ship's bow, each weighing 3900 kg were recovered and put on display in Amsterdam. Consideration was given by Lloyd's to setting the anchors up as a monument behind the Royal Exchange in place of a statue to Sir Robert Peel, but this was not carried out and only the wooden stocks, marked Lutine were forwarded to Lloyd's. Reportedly the outbreak of World War I prevented another salvage attempt.

In 1933 an attempt was made to salvage the reported treasure, but was stopped when the salvage bell was wrecked by a World War I naval mine. This was followed by a further unsuccessful attempt in 1934.

In 1938, yet another attempt was made to salvage the reported treasure. During this attempt, the largest dredger in the world (75 metres long, 23 metres wide), Karimata, which was operated by the Anglo–Dutch Billiton mining company. Despite these spectacular means, only one gold bar was raised on this occasion, along with 8 gold and 123 silver coins, 13 tons of steel, 3 tons of lead, 18 cubic meters of wreck wood, 5 cannons and some other objects. The expedition, which cost Billiton 442,500 Dutch guilders, brought a return of only 189,035.

In 1956, the Dutch engineer van Wienen proposed the construction of a vast floating pontoon (35 meters in diameter) to explore up to 10 meters deep in the sand while following the path of the shipwrecked ship from its stranding to its dislocation. But funding is not found for this ambitious project of 1.5 million guilders and its "plunging saucer" remains at the project stage 36.

In 1979, at the request of New Zealand underwater treasure hunters Lyle Henry Mortmore and Kelly Tarlton37, a tracking campaign is led by the company Oretech, which locates more than 4,000 objects using the latest information technologies. This makes it possible to establish with precision what was the trajectory of the Lutine in perdition. The following year, an American supply ship, the Yak,equipped with two large turbines to evacuate large quantities of sand by the pressure of the jet, was leased. While this method has proven itself in other cases of sandblasted wrecks, and despite the advanced technology that has been used for spotting, this new yard is another disappointment. The turbines dig wells 25 meters in diameter and eight meters deep in the space of half an hour, but only various debris, anchors and a fragment of pipe lost by a dredge during a previous site are recovered. The fact that these discoveries belonged to the Lutine could not be guaranteed, but they were shipped to New Zealand where Kelly Tarlton exhibited them as coming from the Lutine in her wreck museum in Waitangi.

The Lloyd's Act 1871
A brief history of the loss and salvage attempts is given in the preamble to the Lloyd's Act 1871:

"And whereas in or about the year 1799 a vessel of war of the Royal Navy, named the Lutine, was wrecked on the coast of Holland with a considerable amount of specie on board, insured by underwriters at Lloyd's, being members of the Society, and others, and Holland being then at war with this country the vessel and cargo were captured, and some years afterwards the King of the Netherlands authorized certain undertakers to attempt the further salvage of the cargo on the conditions (among others) that they should pay all expenses, and that one half of all that should be recovered should belong to them, and that the other half should go to the Government of the Netherlands, and subsequently the King of the Netherlands ceded to King George the Fourth on behalf of the Society of Lloyd's, the share in the cargo which had been so reserved to the Government of the Netherlands:

And whereas from time to time operations of salving from the wreck of the Lutine have been carried on, and a portion of the sum recovered, amounting to about twenty-five thousand pounds, is by virtue of the cession aforesaid in the custody or under the control of the Committee for managing the affairs of Lloyd's: [...]

And whereas it is expedient that the operations of salving from the wreck of the Lutine be continued, and that provision be made for the application in that behalf, as far as may be requisite, of money that may hereafter be received from those operations, and for the application to public or other purposes of the aforesaid sum of twenty-five thousand pounds, and of the unclaimed residue of money to be hereafter received as aforesaid [...]"

The ownership of the remaining, unsalved, gold is vested in half shares between the 'decretal salvors' and the Society of Lloyd's, Lloyd's ownership being governed under the terms of the Lloyd's Act 1871, §35:

"Salvage operations as to wreck of Lutine

The Society may from time to time do or join in doing all such lawful things as they think expedient with a view to further salving from the wreck of the Lutine, and hold, receive, and apply for that purpose so much of the money to be received by means of salving therefrom as they from time to time think fit, and the net money produced thereby, and the said sum of twenty-five thousand pounds, shall be applied for purposes connected with shipping or marine insurance, according to a scheme to be prepared by the Society, and confirmed by Order of Her Majesty in Council, on the recommendation of the Board of Trade, after or subject to such public notice to claimants of any part of the money aforesaid to come in, and such investigation of claims, and any such barring of claims not made or not proved, and such reservation of rights (if any), as the Board of Trade think fit."

The Lutine Bell
The ship's bell (engraved "ST. JEAN – 1779") was recovered on 17 July 1858. The bell was found entangled in the chains originally running from the ship's wheel to the rudder, and was originally left in this state before being separated and re-hung from the rostrum of the Underwriting Room at Lloyd's. It weighs 48 kg and is 46 cm in diameter. It remains a mystery why the name on the bell does not correspond with that of the ship. The bell was traditionally struck when news of an overdue ship arrived – once for the loss of a ship (i.e. bad news), and twice for her return (i.e. good news). The bell was sounded to stop the transaction of business while all brokers and underwriters were made aware of the news simultaneously. This was because reinsurance on an overdue vessel was often placed (so that an underwriter could close their books on a block of older business), so making the latest information on a ship highly material to a partly placed reinsurance contract. The bell has developed a crack and the traditional practice of ringing news has ended: the last time it was rung to tell of a lost ship was in 1979 and the last time it was rung to herald the return of an overdue ship was in 1989.

During World War II, the Nazi radio propagandist Lord Haw-Haw asserted that the bell was being rung continuously because of Allied shipping losses during the Battle of the Atlantic. In fact, the bell was rung once, with one ring, during the war, when the GERMAN BATTLESHIP Bismarck was sunk.

It tolls when a member of the Royal Family dies and was heard after the deaths of Diana, Princess of Wales, His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, and Queen Elizabeth II. It is now rung for ceremonial purposes to commemorate disasters such as the 9/11 disaster, the Asian tsunami, and the London Bombings, and is always rung at the start and end of the two minutes silence on Armistice Day. It was rung once after the death of Richard Rogers, architect of the present Lloyd's building.

The bell has hung in four successive Lloyd's Underwriting Rooms:

 * The Royal Exchange 1859 – 1928;
 * Lloyd's building in Leadenhall Street 1928–1958;
 * Lloyd's first Lime Street headquarters 1958–1986;
 * The present Lloyd's building in Lime Street since 1986.

There is also a chair and table at Lloyd's made from the frigate's rudder. The rudder was salvaged on 18 September 1858. This furniture was previously in the Lloyd's writing room and was used by the Chairman of Lloyd's at the annual general meeting of members, but is now kept in the Old Library of the Lloyd's building.

Reference

External links
 * Wreck entry at wrakkenmuseum.nl
 * Wreck entry at wrakkenmuseum.nl

title: HMS Lutine (1779)


text:
Erubiel Durazo

Erubiel Durazo Cárdenas (born January 23, 1974) is a Mexican former professional baseball player. Durazo played for the Arizona Diamondbacks (–) and the Oakland Athletics (–) in Major League Baseball.

Major league career
He helped the Diamondbacks by hitting a 2-out, 2-run home run off Tom Glavine in Game 5 of the 2001 National League Championship Series against the Atlanta Braves, which proved to be the series-winner, and the Diamondbacks went on to win the 2001 World Series.

On May 17, 2002, in a game against the Philadelphia Phillies, Durazo went 4-for-5, with three home runs (all of them 2-run shots), including a 3-run double in his final at-bat in the bottom of the 8th inning to give him a total of nine RBI's for the game, and extending Arizona's lead to 12–7. Those three runs Durazo batted in turned out to be more than enough, as the Diamondbacks ended up winning 12–9.

Durazo enjoyed his best season in when he hit .321 with 22 home runs and 88 RBI with Oakland. However, his career was derailed by injuries. In, the Texas Rangers invited him to spring training, but he did not make the major league club. He split the 2006 season between the Triple A Oklahoma Redhawks of the Rangers organization, the Triple A Columbus Clippers of the New York Yankees organization, and the Triple A Rochester Red Wings of the Minnesota Twins organization.

Durazo was invited to 2007 spring training by the Oakland Athletics, where he played well, but was released before the start of the season. He joined Sultanes de Monterrey of the Mexican League. On July 17, 2007, Durazo signed a minor league contract with the Yankees, playing in 29 games for their Triple-A team. Durazo became a free agent at the end of the season. He currently resides in Chandler, Arizona with his wife Martha and their daughter Mariana Durazo.

In 624 games over seven seasons, Durazo posted a .281 batting average (547-for-1948) with 333 runs, 108 doubles, 6 triples, 94 home runs, 330 RBI, 307 bases on balls, .381 on-base percentage and .487 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .988 fielding percentage playing at first base and several games at right field. In 16 postseason games, he hit .234 (11-for-47) with 5 runs, 3 doubles, 2 home runs, 7 RBI and 8 walks.

Career in Mexican Pacific League
Durazo has been playing in Mexico for the Naranjeros de Hermosillo since the 1997–1998 season in which he was the rookie of the year. For the 2009–2010 Mexican Pacific League season he was sent to Águilas de Mexicali, but later that same season he was sent on loan to Yaquis de Obregón.

On December 2, 2018, the Naranjeros retired Durazo's 44 number.

title: Erubiel Durazo


text:
Talk:Government of Ukraine

Bios
For bios of most of the new cabinet members, see: http://www2.pravda.com.ua/en/ http://www.mirror-weekly.com/nn/index/532/

—206.231.91.2 22:17, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

List as of Feb. 4, 2005
Prime Minister Yuliya Tymoshenko

First Vice Prime Minister Anatoliy Kinakh

Vice Prime Minister on Eurointegration Oleh Rybachuk

Vice Prime Minister on Humanitarian Policy Mykola Tomenko

Vice Prime Minister on Territorial Administrative Reform Roman Bezsmertnyy

Minister of Agrarian Policy Oleksandr Baranivskyy

Minister of Internal Affairs Yuriy Lutsenko

Minister of Economy and European Integration Serhiy Teryokhin

Minister of Foreign Affairs Borys Tarasyuk

Minister of Culture and Arts Oksana Bilozir

Minister of Defense Anatoliy Grytsenko

Minister of Education and Science Stanislav Nikolayenko

Minister of Health Mykola Polishchuk

Minister of Environmental Protection Pavlo Ihnatenko

Minister of Fuel and Energy Ivan Plachkov

Minister of Labor and Social Policy Vyacheslav Kyrylenko

Minister of Industrial Policy Volodymyr Shandra

Minister of Transportation and Communication Evhen Chervonenko

Minister of Family, Children, and Youth Yuriy Pavlenko

Minister of Finance Viktor Pynzenyk

Minister of Emergencies and Affairs of Population Protection from Consequences of Chornobyl Catastrophe David Zhvania

Minister of Justice Roman Zvarych

Criteria for personal pages needed
People, I think we should work out the criteria for internallinking of the Ukrainian politicians, i.e. for starting their personal pages. Do we really need Kryvobokov, Shandra and Zvarych in the English=global Wikipedia? I mean other nations should not laugh at our egocentric over-reporting. May be we should have few dozens pages for indeed internationally-important people, and a big list fo others? What are the WP guidelines for that?AlexPU
 * I cannot subscribe to your opinion. I don't think we should devise any criterion to divide Ukrainian politicians (as well as any other individuals) into those who are "worth" and those who are "not worth". Every person counts, including the last "bomzh".
 * Second, I don't care and am rather skeptical that anyone should, in principle, care whether "other nations" laugh or not. I sometimes heard from Ukrainian citizens, "We, Ukrainians, are a modest nation. We won't publicize Holodomor." Forget about it! We, as a dying out and relatively small nation, are playing a complicated survival game in the world economy and politics. Information aspect must be an integral part of the survival strategy.
 * Modesty is suicide. No one would care unless we literally make them care. Take the example of Holocaust. We must seriously study and follow the clever and praiseworthy information strategy of the Jewish nation. Orange revolution is an opportunity that happens once in a century. Either exploit its potential, or die.
 * Sashazlv 16:13, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Quite reasonable notes, Sasha. My new idea is to put such important/unimportant lists on the talk pages instead of articles. I mean we're extremely short of qualified contributors (like you) so we should somehow guide their efforts to the priority persons. E.g., somebody did Kryvobokov, but nobody actually mentioned Cassette Scandal on Moroz' page. Давайте сили не розпорошувати? Such priority lists may be a part of a special Wikiproject concentrating on Ukrainian politics. The extreme way of setting the priorities is the confidential e-mail briefings. Pryvit, AlexPU
 * Makes sense. Just compile the list of priorities to get an idea what needs to be done. Do you know whether there is a way to get how many users viewed a given page in Wikipedia? I examined their statistics page and there is nothing similar to that (or, at least, I couldn't find it). Maybe, it's just too resource consuming to track every single page. However, given the deficit of contributors, I wouldn't want to spend a lot of time expanding the Constitution of Ukraine page if hardly anyone views it. Sashazlv 00:20, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Moving criteria discussion to Talk:Category:Ukrainian politicians.

As for the statistics, Sasha, you've got it! That is what I always wanted to know! As a politics related guy, I'm used to rely on some kind of polls in addition to my intuition. Such view counters would significantly optimize the efforts of the systematic writers like us. I mean I could write hundreds of articles (mostly factual and not only Ukraine-related) if I freaking had enough time. Knowing readers demand would ease the choice dramatically! We should raise this question on the highest Wiki level. So people, on what page do you think we can do it? Michael?

About the Constitution, I think the politics-oriented overview would be the best decision for now. Best wishes, AlexPU

 * I suspect that statistics aren't available in Wikipedia at least partly by design. I think it's desirable that people work on articles that they think are significant, and won't be dissuaded because the subject will get only .0000001 percent of the hits.

 * I wouldn't purposely omit any politicians. It's okay to leave red-linked names, and maybe someone else will start an article.  Tiny stubs are fine, too, even if they just identify the subject in one sentence.  Sometimes that's all someone needs to know when they type the name into the search box.  It's all encyclopedic, and it may be significant to someone in a different context from us (e.g., someone studying local politics of the Piddupka raion centre).

 * That said, it's still valuable for each of us to prioritize our work and co-ordinate group efforts. I spend too much time jumping around, formatting, and responding to others' edits, and do very little concerted writing.  —Michael Z. 2005-02-20 16:54 Z

Nominations in Fain?
On June 26, 2009 Prime Minister Tymoshenko nominated Oleksandr Klymenko for coal minister, Mykhailo Zgurovsky and Yuriy Liubonenko for vice premiers, Fedir Yaroshenko for finance minister, Tariel Vasafze for transport and communications minister, and Viktor Shemchuk for justice minister. What ever happend to these dudes? Klymenko didn't become coal minister cause Poltavets recalled his letter of resignation, the other nominations where never considered by Parliament? —  Mariah-Yulia  • Talk!  21:55, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

Party Of Regions to reduce size of civil service if it forms next Cabinet of Ministers
I case it forms the next Cabinet of Ministers lets see if they keep there word. —  Mariah-Yulia  • Talk to me!  13:11, 26 February 2010 (UTC)
 * In particular the opinion that there are too many deputy ministers and that the optimum number of deputy prime ministers should be 4-5. —  Mariah-Yulia  • Talk to me!  13:12, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

In case second Tymoshenko Government survives vote of no confidence
Because OU-PSD ready to dismiss government only after creation of new coalition? —  Mariah-Yulia  • Talk to me!  09:03, 3 March 2010
 * For the record: it did not survive the vote (see: Second Tymoshenko Government). —  Mariah-Yulia  • Talk to me!  12:47, 4 March 2010

In case proposed changing the law on the formation of a majority coalition on Mar. 4, 2010 are put in place
This and this reference can be used. —  Mariah-Yulia  • Talk to me!  12:45, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

Petro Poroshenko is nominated as Minister of Trade and Economic Development while Yuri Kolobov is in running for the post of Finance Minister
See here and here. In my book that means they are not yet apointed... No matter what the Party of Regions says.... —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  19:07, 23 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Apparently there are three candidates for finance minister. —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  17:45, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

Appointment and dismissal
The current article gives the idea that the Prime Minister appoints Ministers and then seeks to get the parliaments (=Rada) approval for that; while it seems to be the President per presidential decree (with the Rada seems to have no say in this however). On October 1, 2010 the Constitutional Court of Ukraine recognized the constitutional amendments of 2004 illegal was the appointment of Ministers per Prime Minister + Rada approval one of these constitutional amendments that now is defunct? —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  16:48, 26 March 2012 (UTC)

Confusion between government-cabinet
It is not right to confuse the entire government with cabinet. Are distinct issues. Also the Government of Ukraine use the Coat of arms of Ukraine. Don't use the seal of the cabinet. --IM-yb (talk) 13:23, 20 January 2016 (UTC)
 * This article is about the government, which is formally called the "Cabinet of Ministers". The membership of the government is listed here. RGloucester  — ☎ 17:15, 20 January 2016 (UTC)

If we put the button GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY, we can see all the activities of the government (Cabinet meetings and Governmental Committees). Cabinet meetings are not the government. Is only a (important) activity of the government. --IM-yb (talk) 12:31, 21 January 2016 (UTC)
 * That's correct, but the body itself is called the "Cabinet of Ministers". RGloucester  — ☎ 17:19, 21 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Government of Ukraine


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Goliard Time

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 15:14, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Goliard Time
Non-notable neologisms (zero google hits). 68.81.231.127 14:28, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete SCA cruft. -- Jmabel | Talk 22:08, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as original humour, essay. Wyss 22:49, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Neigel von Teighen 22:51, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wiplet

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE (done by Neutrality, who forgot to archive this). jni 15:15, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Wiplet
Non-existent computing term. Zero Google hits. jni 14:30, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, never heard of it. Sounds like a vanity neologism to me. Wyss 22:48, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wiplet


text:
Talk:Brush

Unsourced
The article is start quality in terms of length, but there are no references.Mercurywoodrose (talk) 23:59, 21 July 2012 (UTC)

time to split?
I think it's time to split "paintbrush" out from the general "brush" article. There are many specialty kinds of paintbrushes and more detail that can be gone into. -- phoebe / (talk to me) 00:21, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

Agree Editor8778 (talk) 13:59, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

potential sources

 * The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Mayer
 * The Painter's Handbook: A Complete Reference, Gottsegen

The history section is ridiculous
Referenceless "branches used to sweep" which is a broom I believe. Then something about a factory in NY. Well people were making brushes in shops in the US long before the mid nineteenth. So the factory reference really tells more about social and industrial organizational development than anything having to do with a brush. It's obvious that someone recognized the need for a history section but then simply didn't do the work. 162.154.248.143 (talk) 13:37, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brush


text:
User talk:Anárion/monobook.js

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:An%E1rion/monobook.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s

title: User talk:Anárion/monobook.js


text:
Integration with Britain Party

The Integration with Britain Party (IWBP) was a political party in Gibraltar. Although it never won an election, it was briefly in power from 1969 to 1972 when Robert Peliza of the IWBP was Chief Minister.

History

The party was established in February 1967 by Robert Peliza, a former member of the Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (AACR), and called full integration with the United Kingdom, including electing MPs to the British Parliament. In the 1969 elections the AACR emerged as the largest party with seven of the 15 seats in the House of Assembly, with the IWBP winning five and the Isola Group three. Joshua Hassan, the leader of the AACR was unable to get the support of the Isola Group, who supported Peliza and allowed him to form a government.

After the defection of an Isola Group member, Peliza dissolved the House of Assembly in June 1972 and called early elections. Although the IWBP won seven seats, it was defeated by the AACR, which obtained eight seats and 52% of vote, as the Isola Group lost all three seats. The results returned Joshua Hassan to power, leaving Peliza as leader of the Opposition. In October 1972, Maurice Xiberras took over as party and Opposition leader.

The party political stands were mainly two: the parity of wages between the labour force in Gibraltar and that in the United Kingdom and the achievement of the integration with the United Kingdom. Although the struggle on parity was successful, with Gibraltar workers gaining parity in July 1978, the party's main aim of closer links with the UK was dealt a severe blow when in 1975, the British Foreign Office Minister, Roy Hattersley, stated that integration was not acceptable to the British Government. In spite of this, during early 1976, a Gibraltarian cross-party Constitution Committee began to work on a proposal of constitutional changes that involved a further integration of Gibraltar with the United Kingdom. A delegation of the Constitution Committee, comprising Joshua Hassan and Maurice Xiberras visited London in June 1976, but were unable to convince the United Kingdom Government which, in response, issued a memorandum rejecting the proposals.

As a result of the British government's stance, the IWBP was dissolved shortly before the 1976 elections. The AACR won eight seats (with a personal vote of 75.3% for its leader Hassan) and returned to power, although Xiberras was elected as an independent.

Other former IWBP members
Another Chief Minister, Joe Bossano, began his political career in the IWBP, and was elected to the House of Assembly in 1972. However, he left the party in 1975 and formed the Gibraltar Democratic Movement after the IWBP was dissolved.

Lloyd Devincenzi Sr. was an IWBP member, who served as Minister for Education and Recreation from 1969 to 1972, and as shadow Minister from 1972 to 1976.

title: Integration with Britain Party


text:
Lairg

Lairg (An Luirg, meaning "the shank/shin") is a village and parish in Sutherland, Scotland. It has a population of 891 and is at the south-eastern end of Loch Shin.

Lairg is unusual in the northern Highlands in being a large settlement that is not on the coast. One of the reasons that Lairg is slightly bigger than other non-coastal Highland villages is its central location within the county of Sutherland. Having four roads which meet in the village, it used to be known as "The Crossroads of the North". In the 19th century, it was provided with a railway station (at ), on what is now the Far North Line. This development means that the north-west of Sutherland is now easier to reach. (The Far North Line links Inverness in the south with Thurso and Wick in the north.)

Sheep sales
Lairg is the location of the largest single-day sheep sale in Europe. These auctions take place in August and bring people from all over Scotland to buy or sell their animals.

Gala Week
In July, Lairg holds a Gala Week. This is organised by a local committee in order to put on fun activities for adults and children. Events include fancy-dress parades, a pet show, fishing competitions on Loch Shin or the Little Loch Shin, and dances with live music in the community centre.

Lairg Crofters' Show
This one-day event has been running for 100 years. It attracts many spectators and participants for activities such as horse-jumping, sheep and cow judging, children's sports, Highland sports (e.g. tossing the caber, throwing the wellie/haggis) and homemade crafts. Sheep racing has even become a significant attraction in recent years.

Little Loch Shin
Little Loch Shin lies directly in the centre of the village. It is a manmade loch created by the hydroelectric dam scheme, and is the home of the "Broon's hoose", a small, wooden dwelling on an islet. Loch Shin itself lies to the north of Lairg and is 17 mi long.

Facilities
Lairg has a petrol station, pub/hotel, post office, bank, caravan site, primary school, tourist information centre, and various shops, cafes and B&Bs. Tourists attractions include the Shin Falls, fishing, sightseeing and hillwalking.

Transport
Lairg railway station lies on the picturesque Far North Line, north of Invershin and west of Rogart. It is managed by ScotRail.

A proposal on the rail routes to the north of Inverness is to create a more direct rail from Inverness to Dornoch via a new bridge and an old branch line, which would leave Lairg isolated on a circuitous loop away from the main route. Although the link would shorten journey times to Thurso and Wick, reducing the rail service to Lairg would be detrimental to the local economy. Given the huge cost of building a rail bridge over the Dornoch Firth and both the Scottish government and the Highland Regional council's lack of enthusiasm for the project, it seems unlikely the proposal will become reality.

The B864 road leads south and passes through the hamlet of Achany. The parallel A836 road also runs south to Bonar Bridge, and passes through the village of Achinduich. The areas to the north and west are sparsely populated and crossed by just three single track roads.

Impact crater
Lairg is prospectively the site of the fifteenth largest impact crater on Earth, the Lairg Gravity Low which dates from 1.2 billion years ago and is 25 mi across.

Evidence for a bolide impact centered on Ullapool was published by a combined team of scientists from the University of Oxford and the University of Aberdeen, in March 2008.

IV27 (Lairg) postcode area
IV27, with Lairg as its postal town, is the largest postcode area in the United Kingdom, at 1393 sqmi. It covers a vast area of far north west Scotland, including Lochinver, Cape Wrath and Tongue.

People associated with Lairg

 * Sam McDonald (1762–1802), soldier and strongman
 * Sir James Matheson (1796–1878), entrepreneur
 * Alastair Bruce of Crionaich K.stJ OBE VR (born 1960), Fitzalan Pursuivant Extraordinary and historical advisor to film and television productions including Downton Abbey, as well as the current Governor of Edinburgh Castle (appointed July 2019).
 * Rev John MacKay MacLennan, minister of Lairg Free church 1923 to 1965, Moderator of the General Assembly in 1938

title: Lairg


text:
Talk:Multi-function printer

Does anyone think it would be a good idea if i added a Konica Minolta Multifunction Printer link in the external links. I also see that there is no infotec external link either.

Regards

George

Became affordable in 2005?
I removed the following from the artice: "In early 2005, the first affordable color MFPs became available, costing less than $/€1000 in the form of the Canon imageCLASS MF8170c. Based on A4 color laser printers, other manufacturers followed." MFPs have been extremely affordable for many years (our first one cost £120 in 2000). If you're referring to laser colour printers, then reinsert saying so. Also, be careful as to what you define "affordable". Mouse Nightshirt 12:55, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

Concerns over content
This article seems very one sided towards the "small" MFPs in the market, designed for home or SOHO use. However, without completely rewriting the article, I don't see any good way to include more information about "office" MFPs and POD (print on demand / AKA "Production") MFPs. I'll give it a go when I'm not so tired, but if anyone checking this doesn't like what I've done, please consider how to improve it. 78.53.146.35 (talk) 21:22, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

Updates and More updates
The above un-logged-in user was me. I've started doing some major updates now, but still have a lot more that I want to do. Looking at the direction it's going, I think this may end up as a rather large article. If it gets too large, I wonder if it could perhaps be split it to two articles - one "AIO" and one "MFP" since that's where the main split with regard to features, functions and so on is. I'll carry on with both here in this article for now, but I'd appreciate others thoughts on this. YttriumOx (talk) 05:59, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

I'm doing yet more updates now, and have expanded the "Types of MFP" section a bit. I also added images for the missing MFP types except Production Printing (I'll get a photo of one soon). Due to where I work (Konica Minolta), I was only able to get photos of one brand of MFP though (Konica Minolta). I think it's best for neutrality to keep a range of different brands for the images (which of course is why I didn't replace the Canon, Samsung or HP images), so if anyone can supply alternative pictures from other manufacturers (maybe a Ricoh MFP of some kind for example?), it would be appreciated. I can't find any that fit with the licensing for Wikipedia images, which is why I took my own photos at the office. YttriumOx (talk) 17:11, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

For anyone keeping track of all my updates, the next thing I want to do is really clean up that "Characteristics" section - I want to re-organise it to be easier to understand for the lay-person, so was thinking of getting rid of the "scanning", "printing" and "copying" bits and instead rewriting them as "input" and "output" and then moving some of the parts that fall in to the network areas of those removed sections in to "network" instead since it's pretty small right now. Just at this moment, I have neither the time nor the patience to do so, but if anyone has any thoughts on this before (or after) I do it, please comment here. YttriumOx (talk) 02:02, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

To the person that tried to hijack the page
Clearly, you have some interest in Sharp specifically, and that's fine. But please improve the article by adding more information or clarifying existing information rather than just removing information about non Sharp products and adding links to a Sharp dealership that serve no useful purpose in the article. I'd really appreciate that if you know anything about Sharp OSA, create an article for it, since that's an article that currently doesn't exist. I MIGHT write something on it soon as I have some idea about it and can find some good/reliable public sources for information, but I'd prefer someone who knows it well (and can find good/reliable public sources for their information as well of course) do so. This also applies to anyone who can create an article on Xerox EIP or Canon MEAP (or any other technologies that aren't listed here yet). YttriumOx (talk) 02:02, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Multi-function printer


text:
Bobby Layne

Robert Lawrence Layne (December 19, 1926 – December 1, 1986) was an American professional football quarterback for 15 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Longhorns before being selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers with the third overall pick of the 1948 NFL draft and traded to the Chicago Bears. Layne played one season with the Bears, and then with the New York Bulldogs in 1949, the Detroit Lions from 1950 to 1958, and the Steelers from 1958 to 1962.

Layne was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1967 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1968. His number 22 is retired by the Texas Longhorns and the Lions.

Early life
Born in Santa Anna, Texas, Layne grew up on a farm in Coleman County just north of Santa Anna. His father, only 36, died of a heart attack when Layne was eight years old. His mother, Bea, was so destitute, she could not afford to keep the family together. Layne's two sisters stayed with his mother while he was sent to Fort Worth to live with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and Wade Hampton. The Hamptons eventually adopted Layne and moved to Highland Park, Texas, which was then a suburb just north of Dallas. He attended Highland Park High School in University Park. Layne's best friend and football teammate was fellow future hall of famer Doak Walker, the Heisman Trophy winner in 1948 for the SMU Mustangs and a pro teammate with the Detroit Lions.

In his senior year, Layne was named to the all-state football team, played in the Oil Bowl All-Star game, and led Highland Park to the state semifinals where they fell to eventual state champions San Angelo, 21–20.

College football
One of the most successful quarterbacks ever to play for Texas, Layne was selected to four straight All-Southwest Conference teams from 1944 to 1947, and was a consensus All-American in his senior year. World War II caused a shortage of players, and rules were changed to allow freshmen to play on the varsity, thereby allowing Layne a four-year career.

Freshman play was sporadically allowed by various conferences during wartime, but would not be allowed universally until the rules were permanently changed in 1972. In his freshman season, Layne became a very rare player (in that era) to start his first game. He missed his second game due to an injury and was replaced by future North Texas transfer Zeke Martin, but Layne played the rest of the season and led the Longhorns to within one point of the Southwest Conference Championship when they lost to TCU 7–6 on a missed extra point.

Prior to and during his sophomore year, he spent eight months in the Merchant Marine, serving with his friend Doak Walker. He missed the first six games of the season, and was replaced by Jack Halfpenny. The last game he missed was the team's only loss, to Rice, by one point. Texas went 10–1, won the Southwest Conference, and despite playing only half a season, Layne again made the all-conference team.

In the Cotton Bowl Classic following that season, Texas beat Missouri 40–27, and Layne played perhaps the best game of his career. He set several NCAA and Cotton Bowl records that have lasted into the 21st century. In that game, he completed 11 of 12 passes and accounted for every one of the team's 40 points, scoring four touchdowns, kicking four field goals, and throwing for two other scores, thus he was named one of the game's outstanding players.

In 1946, the Longhorns were ranked first in the preseason for the first time, but after beating #20 Arkansas, they were upset by #16 Rice and later by unranked TCU. They went 8–2, finished third in the conference, ranked fifteenth nationally, and missed out on any bowl games. Layne led the Southwest Conference in total offense (1420 yards), total passing (1115 yards), and punting average (42 yards). Despite the unexpected finish, Layne was named All-Conference again and finished eighth in Heisman Trophy balloting to Glenn Davis of Army.

In 1947, Blair Cherry replaced Dana X. Bible as head coach at Texas and he decided to install the T-formation offense. Cherry, Layne, and their wives spent several weeks in Wisconsin studying the new offense at the training camps of the Chicago Bears and Chicago Cardinals of the National Football League. The change was a success, as Layne led the Southwest Conference in passing yards, made the All-Conference and All-American teams, and finished sixth in Heisman Trophy voting to John Lujack of Notre Dame. The Longhorns, after beating #19 North Carolina, started the season ranked third. They then beat #15 Oklahoma, but as happened in 1945, Texas was again denied an undefeated season by a missed extra point. After coming back once against Walker's number-8 SMU, Texas again found itself behind late in the game.

Layne engineered a fourth-quarter touchdown drive that would have tied the game, but kicker Frank Guess pushed the extra point wide and the Longhorns lost 14–13. They fell to eighth, and finished behind SMU in the Southwest Conference, but gained an invitation to the Sugar Bowl, where Layne and the Longhorns beat number-six Alabama. As a result of his 10-of-24, 183-yard performance, Layne won the inaugural Miller-Digby award presented to the game's most valuable player. The Longhorns finished ranked fifth, the best finish in Layne's career. Layne finished 6th in Heismann voting that season as well. Layne finished his Texas career with a school-record 3,145 passing yards on 210 completions and 400 attempts and 28 wins.

Layne was one of the first inductees into the Cotton Bowl Hall of Fame and made the Cotton Bowl's All-Decade team (1937–1949) for the 1940s. Later, both of Layne's sons, Rob and Alan, played college football. Robert L. Layne Jr., was a kicker for Texas, playing on the 1969 national championship team, and Alan played tight end for TCU in 1973.

Records

 * NCAA & Cotton Bowl – Most touchdowns responsible for, bowl game (6), tied by Chuck Long in 1984, Dan LeFevour in 2007 and Paul Smith in 2008
 * NCAA & Cotton Bowl – Most points responsible for, bowl game (40)
 * NCAA – Highest completion rate (min. 10 attempts), bowl game (0.917), surpassed by Mike Bobo in 1998
 * NCAA – Most points scored, bowl game (28), surpassed by Barry Sanders in 1988
 * UT – Most Pass attempts, career (400), surpassed by Bret Stafford in 1986
 * UT – Most Pass completions, career (210), surpassed by Stafford in 1986
 * UT – Passing Yards, career (3,145), surpassed by Stafford in 1986
 * UT – Lowest percentage of passes intercepted (minimum 300 passes), career (7.8%), surpassed by Donnie Little in 1981
 * UT – Most starts, career (34), surpassed by Marty Akins in 1975
 * UT – Best winning percentage (minimum 1 season), career (80.5%), surpassed by T Jones in 1952
 * UT – Most quarterback victories, career (28), surpassed by Vince Young in 2005
 * UT – Most touchdowns, game (4), tied by Jim Bertelsen in 1969, Steve Worster in 1970, Earl Campbell in 1977 and A.J. "Jam" Jones in 1979; surpassed by Ricky Williams in 1997
 * UT – Most touchdown passes, career (25), surpassed by Peter Gardere in 1992
 * UT – Most points scored, game (28), broke his own record of 24 set earlier that year, surpassed by Williams in 1997
 * Cotton Bowl – Most consecutive completions, game (8), tied by Tony Graziani in 1996 and Clint Stoerner in 2000
 * Cotton Bowl – Highest completion rate (min. 10 attempts), game (0.917)
 * Cotton Bowl – Most points scored, game and career (28)
 * Cotton Bowl – Most touchdowns, game & career (4), tied by Tony Temple in 2008
 * Cotton Bowl – Most points responsible for, career (40)
 * Cotton Bowl – Most touchdowns responsible for, game & career (6)
 * Cotton Bowl – Most points rushing, game (18), surpassed by Temple in 2008
 * Cotton Bowl – Most touchdowns rushing, game (3), tied by Dicky Maegle in 1954 and Jim Brown in 1957, surpassed by Temple in 2008
 * Cotton Bowl – Most touchdowns rushing, game (3), tied by Maegle in 1954, Brown in 1957, and Jim Swink in 1957, surpassed by Temple in 2008
 * Cotton Bowl – Most yards per attempt (min 10 attempts), game (13.2), surpassed by James Street in 1969

College baseball
Layne was one of the best pitchers to ever play at Texas. He made the All-Southwest Conference team all four years he played, and played on teams that won all three Conference Championships available to them (none was named in 1944 due to World War II). He won his first career start, in 1944, when he was managed by his future football coach Blair Cherry, versus Southwestern, 14–1, in a complete-game, 15-strikeout performance. Similar to football, he missed the 1945 season because he was in the Merchant Marines, but returned to play three more seasons. In 1946, he threw the school's first and second no-hitters and posted a 12–4 record. In 1947, he went 12–1 and led Texas to a third-place finish in the first NCAA baseball Tournament.

In 1948, he went 9–0 and again helped Texas win the Southwest Conference, but though they qualified for it, Texas decided not to attend the 1948 NCAA tournament because the players felt they had too many obligations with family and jobs.

Texas went 60–10 overall, and 41–2 in the SWC during Layne's final three years in Austin. When his career was over, Layne had a perfect 28–0 conference record and set several school and conference records during his time on the team, including a few that still stand today. Between baseball and football, he was All-Conference an astounding eight times and won four conference championships.

In 1948, after earning his degree in physical education, Layne played a season of minor league ball for the Lubbock Hubbers baseball team of the Class C West Texas–New Mexico League. He went 6–5 with a 7.29 ERA, and had bids from the New York Giants, the Boston Red Sox, and the St. Louis Cardinals to join their staffs, but he preferred to go to the National Football League, where he could play immediately rather than grind out several years in the minor-league system.

Records
Bold means "active" record; as the Southwest Conference became defunct in 1996, these records have essentially become permanent
 * Southwest Conference & UT – Most conference victories, career, pitcher (28)
 * Southwest Conference & UT – Highest conference winning percentage (min 10 decisions), career (1.000) (28–0)
 * UT – Most runs scored, game (5), tied 11 times since
 * UT – Most shutouts, season (4), tied Bus Gillet, surpassed by Burt Hooton in 1969
 * UT – Winning percentage, season (min 9 decisions) (1.00) (9–0), surpassed by Hooton in 1969
 * UT – Most bases on balls, career (187), surpassed by Richard Wortham in 1976
 * Southwest Conference & UT – Most strikeouts, season (134), surpassed by Hooton in 1969
 * UT – Most strikeouts, career (386), tied by Hooton in 1971, surpassed by Wortham in 1976
 * UT – Most strikeouts per nine innings pitched, career (10.78), surpassed by Hooton in 1971
 * UT – Most wins, career (35), surpassed by Hooton in 1971
 * UT – Highest winning percentage, career (0.921), surpassed by Terry Jackson in 1961
 * UT – Most innings pitched, career (322.1), surpassed by Wortham in 1976
 * Southwest Conference & UT – Most no-hitters, season (2), tied by Hooton
 * Southwest Conference & UT – Most no-hitters, career (2), tied by James Street, Hooton and Greg Swindell
 * Southwest Conference & UT – Most consecutive conference victories (28)
 * Southwest Conference – Most strikeouts in conference play, season (84)

Professional football
Drafted into the National Football League by the Pittsburgh Steelers, Layne was the third overall selection in the 1948 NFL draft and was the second overall selection in the 1948 AAFC Draft by the Baltimore Colts. Layne did not want to play for the Steelers, the last team in the NFL to use the single-wing formation, so his rights were quickly traded to the Chicago Bears.

He was offered $77,000 to play for the Colts, but George Halas, who attended the Sugar Bowl victory over Alabama and sat with Cherry and Layne after the game, "sweet talked" him into signing with the Bears. He promised a slow rise to fame in the "big leagues" with a no-trade understanding.

After one season with the Bears in 1948, during which Layne was the third-string quarterback behind both Sid Luckman and Johnny Lujack, Layne refused to return and tried to engineer his own trade to the Green Bay Packers, while the Bears opposed a separate attempt by the Chicago Cardinals. Halas, preoccupied with fending off a challenge from the AAFC but also didn't want him to play for his rivals in the league, traded Layne to the New York Bulldogs for two draft picks and $50,000 cash to be paid in four installments, with a clause barring Layne from ever playing for the Cardinals:

"After Charles Bidwill death his wife Violet had inherited $50,000 worth of Bears stock and she offered it to Halas in exchange for Layne. Although Halas and Charles Bidwill enjoyed a long friendship, the relationship between the two teams soured after Violet married Walter Wolfner, so Halas refused the deal and traded the future hall of famer to the Bulldogs for $50,000 and two draft choices. He also demanded a clause in the contract that Layne could never be sold or traded to the Cardinals. Halas took the $50,000 from the trade and bought off the stocks from Violet Bidwill."

With Layne at quarterback, the Bulldogs won only one game and lost 11, but Layne played well and developed quickly. Layne compared one season with the soon-to-be-defunct New York Bulldogs as worth five seasons with any other NFL team.

In 1950, he was traded to the Detroit Lions for wide receiver Bob Mann, and the Lions agreed to make the final three payments to Halas (Halas later remarked that the Lions should have continued the yearly payments indefinitely to him in view of Layne's performance). For the next five years, Layne was reunited with his great friend and Highland Park High School teammate Doak Walker, and together they helped make Detroit into a champion.

In 1952, Layne led the Lions to their first NFL Championship in 17 years, and then did so again in 1953 for back-to-back league titles. They fell short of a three-peat in 1954 when they lost 56–10 to Cleveland Browns in the NFL championship game, a loss which Layne explained by saying, "I slept too much last night."

In 1955, the team finished last in their conference and Walker surprisingly retired at the top of his game. As Walker had been the team's kicker, Layne took over the kicking duties in 1956 and 1957, and in 1956 led the league in field-goal accuracy. In 1956, the Lions finished second in the conference, missing the championship game by only one game. In 1957, the season of the Lions' most recent NFL championship, Layne broke his leg in three places in a pileup during the 11th game of the 12-game season. His replacement, Tobin Rote, finished the season and led the Lions to victory in the championship game in Detroit, a 59–14 rout of the Cleveland Browns.

After the second game of the season, Pittsburgh Steelers coach Buddy Parker, formerly in Detroit, arranged a trade on October 6 that brought Layne to the Steelers. During his eight seasons in Detroit, the Lions won three NFL championships and Layne played in four Pro Bowls, made first-team All-Pro twice, and at various times led the league in over a dozen single-season statistical categories.

Following the trade, Layne played five seasons with the Pittsburgh Steelers. Though he made the Pro Bowl two more times, he never made it back to the playoffs, and the team's best finish was second in the conference in 1962. During his last year in the NFL, he published his autobiography Always on Sunday. Later he stated that the biggest disappointment in his football career was having never won a championship for the Pittsburgh Steelers and specifically, Art Rooney.

By the time Layne retired before the 1963 season, he owned the NFL records for passing attempts (3,700), completions (1,814), touchdowns (196), yards (26,768), and interceptions (243). He left the game as one of the last players to play without a face mask and was credited with creating the two-minute drill. Doak Walker said of him, "Layne never lost a game...time just ran out on him."

Following his retirement as a player, Layne served as the quarterback coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1963 to 1965 and the St. Louis Cardinals in 1965. He was a scout for the Dallas Cowboys from 1966–67. He later unsuccessfully sought the head coaching job at Texas Tech, his last professional involvement with the sport.

After football
For his on-the-field exploits, Layne was inducted into a vast assortment of halls of fame. These included the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 1960, the Longhorn Hall of Honor in 1963, the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1967, the state halls of fame in Michigan and Pennsylvania, and the Texas High School Sports Hall of Fame in 1973. In 1981, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Tom Landry. He was presented alongside fellow honoree Doak Walker.

In 2006, he was a finalist on the initial ballot for pre-1947 inductees to the College Baseball Hall of Fame. He was a finalist again the following year.

In a special issue in 1995, Sports Illustrated called Layne "The Toughest Quarterback Who Ever Lived." In 1999, he was ranked number 52 on the Sporting News' list of Football's 100 Greatest Players. After retirement, Layne spent 24 years as a businessman back in Texas in Lubbock, working with his old college coach, Blair Cherry. His business ventures included farms, bowling alleys, real estate, oil, and the stock market.

In his younger days, he was often accompanied by Alex Karras, and was well known for his late-night bar-hopping and heavy drinking. It was said of him, "He would drink six days a week and play football on Sunday", and Layne would in fact drink during games - this heavy drinking may have contributed to his death.

Layne is reported to have stated: "If I'd known I was gonna live this long, I'd have taken a lot better care of myself." That line was later used by baseball player Mickey Mantle, a Dallas neighbor and friend of Layne's, who also died in part due to decades of excess alcohol consumption. Layne suffered from cancer during his last years.

Death
In November 1986, he traveled to Michigan to present the Hall of Fame ring and plaque to his old friend and teammate Doak Walker, but was hospitalized with intestinal bleeding in Pontiac after a reunion dinner with his former Detroit teammates. He returned to Lubbock on November 12, but three days later was hospitalized again. He died of cardiac arrest on December 1 in Lubbock and was buried there. Doak Walker and three other members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame were among the pallbearers.

"My only request," he once said, "is that I draw my last dollar and my last breath at precisely the same instant."

"Curse of Bobby Layne"
In 1958, the defending NFL champion Lions traded Layne to the Pittsburgh Steelers in early October for Earl Morrall and two draft choices. Layne responded to the trade by supposedly saying that the Lions would "not win for 50 years."

While this story has been called a hoax, particularly because the quote was never published at the time, over the next half-century after this trade, the Lions had the sixth lowest winning percentage of any team in the NFL.

The Lions have had multiple consecutive losing seasons and have been swept by division rivals constantly, and are 3-13 in postseason appearances since their 1957 championship, the worst record of any team; their three playoff wins were over Dallas in 1991, and Los Angeles and Tampa Bay in 2023. They have played in only two NFC Championship games since their 1957 championship, in 1991 and 2023, with both being losses. In 2008, the last year of the supposed curse, the Lions lost all sixteen games.

As for the Steelers, they won the Super Bowl that year, as well as in their previous appearance (in Detroit) in 2006, and became one of the most dominant teams in the NFL, though this took place after Layne's career, winning six Super Bowls: 1974 (IX), 1975 (X), 1978 (XIII), 1979 (XIV), 2005 (XL) and 2008 (XLIII).

In the 2009 NFL draft, immediately after the supposed curse had expired, the Detroit Lions selected University of Georgia quarterback Matthew Stafford first overall. Stafford was an alumnus of Layne's former school Highland Park High School and lived in a house on the same street as Layne's. In 2011, Stafford's first full injury-free season, he led the Lions to their first playoff berth since 1999, but lost to Drew Brees and the New Orleans Saints.

In 2021, the Detroit Lions traded Stafford to the Los Angeles Rams for Jared Goff in a blockbuster trade. Stafford went on to win Super Bowl LVI in his first season with the Rams, while the Lions started the 2021 season 0–10–1, and eventually finished 3–13–1, the second worst record in the NFL.

Further, in the 63 years since the curse, the Lions also endured multiple playoff droughts lasting more than six years: including the year of the trade, the Lions did not make the playoffs for twelve consecutive seasons (1958–1969; 1971–1981; 1984–1990; 2000–2010).

In October 2022, Hall of Fame quarterback Peyton Manning - who once led his Indianapolis Colts to a blowout victory over the Lions on Thanksgiving Day in 2004 - dedicated an episode of his ESPN series "Peyton's Places" to the curse and its effects on the Lions. Manning placed a bathtub filled with whiskey (in place of water, owing to Layne's hard-drinking) and a cup of salt in an endzone at Ford Field to perform a chant over it with actor Jeff Daniels in an attempt to lift the curse. After starting their 2022 season 1–6, the Lions performance notably improved after the episode aired; they won eight of their remaining ten games to end with a winning record, prompting speculation that Manning may have succeeded in lifting the curse. The following season the Lions won their first NFC North title, their first divisional title since 1993. On January 14, 2024, the Lions won their first playoff game since 1992 against the Los Angeles Rams and former Lions quarterback Matthew Stafford. The Lions then won a divisional round game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, marking the first time since 1957 that the Lions won two playoff games in a season. However, the Lions have yet to win a road playoff game since 1957.

In the 2023-24 NFC Championship Game, the Lions held a 24-7 lead at halftime against the San Francisco 49ers, the team the Lions won their last conference championship against in 1957, and a mirror image of the 49ers' blown lead in that game. The Lions’ defense gave up 27 unanswered points and failed to recover an onside kick as the 49ers won 34-31.

title: Bobby Layne


text:
User talk:Pprevos~enwiki

I appreciate the radical updates to Sociological imagination! Soc articles as a general rule on Wikipedia have been sadly neglected, so it's nice to see someone helping to fill in the blanks. Sarge Baldy 14:41, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)

Your edit to Coliban water
Your edit is most likely a copyright violation as it is a cut and paste from a commercial web-site, so the copyright is owned by the company, so without their permission a Wikipedia administrator will likely delete this page. ww2censor 05:04, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

File:Cathedralb.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Cathedralb.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Calliopejen1 (talk) 14:39, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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Renamed
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title: User talk:Pprevos~enwiki


text:
My Last Duchess

"My Last Duchess" is a poem by Robert Browning, frequently anthologised as an example of the dramatic monologue. It first appeared in 1842 in Browning's Dramatic Lyrics. The poem is composed in 28 rhyming couplets of iambic pentameter (heroic couplet).

In the first edition of Dramatic Lyrics, the poem was merely titled "Italy".

Historical background
The poem is preceded by the epigraph "Ferrara:", indicating that the speaker is Alfonso II d'Este, the fifth Duke of Ferrara (1533–1598), who, in 1558 (at the age of 24), had married Lucrezia di Cosimo de' Medici, the 13-year-old daughter of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Eleonora di Toledo.

Lucrezia was well-educated, and the Medicis could be considered "nouveau riche" in comparison to the venerable and distinguished Este family (Alfonso II d'Este's remark regarding his gift of a "nine-hundred-years-old name" clearly indicates that he considered his bride beneath him socially). She came with a sizeable dowry. He then abandoned her for two years before she died on 21 April 1561, at age 16. Although there was a strong suspicion of poisoning, it is more likely that the cause of her death was tuberculosis. It is speculated that the rumour of poisoning was started by enemies of Alfonso II.

The Duke then, in 1564, sought the hand of Barbara, eighth daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary and the sister of the Count of Tyrol, Ferdinand II. The count was in charge of arranging the marriage; the chief of his entourage, Nikolaus Madruz, a native of Innsbruck, was his courier. Madruz is presumably the person addressed by the duke in the poem.

The artists named in the poem – painter Frà Pandolf and sculptor Claus of Innsbruck – are fictional.

Synopsis
The speaker (presumably the Duke Alfonso of Ferrara) is giving the emissary of the family of his prospective new wife a tour of the artworks in his home. He draws a curtain to reveal a painting of a woman, explaining that it is a portrait of his late wife; he invites his guest to sit and look at the painting. As they look at the portrait of the late Duchess, the Duke describes her happy, cheerful, appreciative and kind nature, which had displeased him.

He says, "She had a heart – how shall I say? – too soon made glad..." He goes on to say that his complaint of her was that "'twas not her husband's presence only" that made her happy. Eventually, "I gave commands; then all smiles stopped together." In an interview, Browning said, "I meant that the commands were that she should be put to death ... Or he might have had her shut up in a convent." The duke now keeps her painting hidden behind a curtain that only he is allowed to draw back, thus now she only smiles for him.

The Duke demonstrates many narcissistic tendencies as he recalls the time he shared with his now-deceased Duchess. He then resumes an earlier conversation regarding wedding arrangements, and in passing points out another work of art, a bronze statue of Neptune taming a sea-horse by Claus of Innsbruck, so making his late wife just another work of art.

The envoy remains silent throughout the Duke's discourse and revelations.

Form
Browning characterized this poem as a dramatic lyric; but essentially it is a dramatic monologue, a genre typically associated with Browning, where one person speaks to a presumed audience. It is written in iambic pentameter, employing rhyming couplets and the enjambment technique of not always concluding the sentences at the ends of lines. Because of these techniques, the poem has a conversational quality and can be read as a long speech.

Modern adaptations

 * In 1941, while attending Bowdoin College, novelist Charles Mergendahl was awarded first prize in the school's annual one-act play competition for his blank-verse dramatization of the poem.
 * The 20th century American poet Richard Howard wrote a sequel to the poem, "Nikolaus Mardruz [sic] to his Master Ferdinand, Count of Tyrol, 1565", in the form of a letter from the listener in Browning's original that details his response to the Duke's monologue.
 * The short story "My Last Girlfriend" by Robert Barnard is a take-off on "My Last Duchess" with a new twist.
 * Science fiction author Eric Flint uses portions of "My Last Duchess" in his book 1634: The Galileo Affair (2004).
 * Canadian author Margaret Atwood's short story "My Last Duchess" appears in her short story anthology Moral Disorder (2006). It is about two high school students who study the poem and argue about its meaning.
 * South African author Judy Croome based the main character Rax-ul-Can in her apocalyptic short story "The Last Sacrifice" (published in The Weight of a Feather and Other Stories, Aztar Press, 2013) on the Duke in Browning's "My Last Duchess".
 * In "The Painter", a song by Chris de Burgh, the lyrics also take the Duke's point of view, but show a less stable mindset than the original poem.
 * Historical novel His Last Duchess by Gabrielle Kimm is based upon the events narrated in the poem.
 * "The Marriage Portrait" by Maggie O'Farrell also expands on the framework provided by Browning.
 * "My Last Missis" is a short story by David Lodge forming part of his contemporary collection The Man Who Wouldn't Get Up and Other Stories. The narrator is a crass and wealthy businessman whose wife died suddenly just before he was obliged to surrender half of his assets to her as part of a divorce settlement. A society photograph substitutes for Browning's portrait.

title: My Last Duchess