text:
Talk:2005 Danish general election

Where's the RV party in the table?
Something is screwy with the table on this page. The article says: "The Radical Left party made the biggest gains of any party, although it remains outside the governing group of parties." The preliminary results have the entry: "Radical Left (RV)                       307,306   09.2  +04.0     16 ". Yet in the spiffy table with the party logo, the Radical Left (RV) is nowhere to be found. What's the story? --Jfruh 15:02, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, I see now: the name of Det Radikale Venstre was being translated in two different ways. I changed the text to match the party's official translation. --Jfruh 15:12, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

It's a very important distinction. Even though the literal translation is the radical left the name is historical. They are not even a left wing party but a liberal party in the middle of the political spectrum between the social democrats and venstre from which they originally broke out in 1905. Just to make the sure there is no confusion about it. 195.249.184.249 00:18, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

Faroe and Greenland
Which parties won the seats from Faroe and Greenland? Gangulf 11:46, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The Interior Ministry website gives no information on that. Perhaps they are elected on another date, or perhaps they are not directly elected but chosen by the local legislatures. Adam 12:29, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

They are directly elected on election day. From Greenland Lars Emil Johansen from Siumut won one seat and Kuupik Kleist from Inuit Ataqatigiit won the other. From the Faroe Islands Høgni Hoydal, Tjóðveldisflokkurin won a seat and Anfinn Kallsberg from Fólkaflokkurin won the last seat. Isfisk 10:43, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Danish electoral system
Has Denmark changed its electoral system? At the last election 135 members were elected at county level, and another 40 were elected by proportional representation at national level. At this election all 175 seats seem to have been allocated at county level, according to the figures at the Interior Ministry website. Adam 09:23, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

No, the danish electoral system is still a mix between county representation and proportional representation. The numbers you are talking about is the combined numbers divided among the counties. Isfisk 10:33, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Then why doesn't the Interior Ministry give separate figures for the proportional seats and the county-level seats? How do I know who was elected for a county and who was elected on the national list? Adam 14:36, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Later: Now I have found the place at the website where this is explained, although it doesn't tell me the names of the candidates elected at the higher level. It is possible to figure this out when only one candidate from each party is elected at the higher level, but not when there is more than one, as in Copenhagen County. Can you refer me to a list of the 40 members elected at the higher level? Adam 23:25, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Dk-KF-logo nyt.png
Image:Dk-KF-logo nyt.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:2005 Danish general election


text:
User talk:Ground Zero/Archive 1

Social Credit
Yeah, I don't know much about Social Credit, being an ign'rant 'mer'can (I was basically just trying to categorize Canadian political parties, and saw the problem relating to Social Credit) - it was referred to as the "Social Credit Party of Canada" in the article, so I used that. Obviously, if that's not what it called itself, we should use something else. Another problem, I'd add, is at Labour Party (Canada), which tells of a large number of different parties. Separate stubs on each one would be nice. john k 15:53, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)

The problem with "Labour" is that for much of the last century candidates were able to just declare themselves as they wished without there being a formal party so a lot of the candidates who ran as "Labour" were just individuals who had no connection with one another.

Anyway, thanks for the kudos on Social Credit. Do you have any info on Ken Sweigard?AndyL 17:25, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Sweigard was also a Christian minister of some sort. I haven't been able to find much else, but I will get around to compiling his electoral history as a start.

 * As far as Labour goes, johnk, I'll take a look at it, but it may be best left as is for the reason that AndyL identifies. It may also be worth making the comment up front about it being a convenient label more often than it was an actual party. Thanks for your comments. Kevintoronto 13:40, 20 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Reform
I agree with you completely, Democrat is a meaningless term. I also cut back severely on the grandstanding in the Reform Party of Ontario article. -SimonP 15:56, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)

Kevin: I have no problem whatsoever with the changes you made to the Manitoba Liberal leadership site -- in fact, I think it's a better format than the one I used (I still haven't mastered Wikipedia formatting). I'll be creating similar articles for the Manitoba NDP & PCs in the near future, btw. CJCurrie 17:17, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Kevin: If you want to know more about Stan Roberts, look for a book by Trevor Harrison called "Of Passionate Intensity". Some of my information was taken from this source (although not to the point of plagiarism, obviously). ;) CJCurrie 20:11, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

FLQ and terrorism
Kevin: My decision to remove the word "terrorism" from the Kashtan and Caouette pages came after User:AndyL's comments on the Edward Schreyer page. I don't always withdraw my comments in the face of criticism, but in this case it struck me as valid -- mostly because I'd had doubts about using the term in the first place.

I personally think that the FLQ (the Chenier cell, at least) *was* a terrorist organization, and I suspect that I would have little difficulty acquiring evidence in support of this position. At the same time, the word "terrorism" invariably comes with high levels of political baggage, and has been used too many times for politically skewed purposes to be considered a neutral description (in most cases). I've long considered the CBC's policy of using the term sparingly as a good one [1] -- and it follows that such a policy should apply to domestic as well as foreign situations. (I would have some difficulty applying the term to the Mohawk Warriors vis-a-vis the Oka standoff of 1990, for instance.)

([1] how ironic that I should be referencing CBC policy in a discussion on this particular subject...)

There's probably a compromise term that could be used, to indicate that the FLQ were willing to use violent methods. CJCurrie 23:23, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Incidentally, I'd been using the abbreviation "FLQ" because the archaic computer that I'm currently using can't do accents! (Though I suppose I could have just copied someone else's text ...) CJCurrie 23:32, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

The compromise that you've suggested sounds fine. My "natural" inclination is still to use the word "terrorist" in describing the FLQ, but even as I was writing it I had some doubts about using the word in a public forum. (Given the number of times that I've defended the CBC's policy on this front, I should probably make use of it myself.)

An alternate suggestion for a compromise would be the approach I took on the William Kashtan page -- use the word "terrorism", but only in conveying someone else's opinion. Something like "The FLQ were widely regarded as ...", for instance.

(Btw, is there any particular figure in Canadian politics that you'd like to see a page for?) ;) CJCurrie 02:10, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

I can't promise anything about the two politicians whom you've named, but I'd recommend that you look over the Rod Bruinooge page that I created moments ago. This one has to be seen to be believed ... CJCurrie 23:38, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Terrorism
Kevin, While I personally agree that the FLQ was terrorist the fact is that terrorist is a subjective term. The CBC, for instance, tries not to use the word "terrorist" for that reason. One person's terrorist is another's freedom fighter. AndyL 01:12, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Manitoba CPC-ML
re: "Thanks for catching my mistake."

Not to worry -- I watch these Manitoba pages like a hawk. ;) CJCurrie 23:55, 26 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Articles on votes for deletion
Kevin,

Just to give you a quick heads-up: Someone is recommending the deletion of some bio-pages for minor candidates in the 2004 federal election. As you can probably guess from my recent edits, my own view is that anyone who campaigns for the Canadian House of Commons is eligible for a Wikipedia article. Whether you would agree with this position or not, there are currently five "minor candidate" bios on the possible chopping block, and there hasn't been time for a consensus to emerge yet. Your contributions to the voting would be appreciated. CJCurrie 00:24, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Kevin: The other four articles are located directly above the Magnus Thompson article on the vfd list (and they're all "borderline" at this point). CJCurrie 19:42, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Kevin: Three more "fringe candidate" articles have been placed on vfd; they're listed in sequential order, with the first being Alex Kreider. The vote is currently 6-4 to delete. CJCurrie 17:26, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Adrien Arcand
Well, my thinking was that everyone already knows who Trudeau is where many don't know who George Drew is. Anyway, I think its sufficient to describe Trudeau as a "Liberal MP", saying "future Prime Minister" seems to me like priming the pump a bit (and needless given Trudeau's stature). AndyL 18:46, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Well, the "future Prime Minister" reference is more a style thing for me than a point of principle - if you feel strongly it should be mentioned then I'll defer to you. As for Drew, to be accurate, he was leader of the Ontario Conservative Party when Arcand was incarcerated and some years away from being Premier of Ontario or Leader of the Opposition in Ottawa. AndyL 19:27, 4 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Arthur Roebuck
Would you happen to know (or be able to find out) what years Arthur Roebuck served as an MPP in the Ontario legislature?AndyL 01:58, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the info. Last I knew the Ontario Legislative Assembly website only went back to the mid-80s. Don't know when they put up a complete record of MPPs from 1867 but this is very useful. AndyL 22:42, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

1900 election
Hi, re the 1900 Canadian election, one table indicates there was one Independent Labour and no Laobur MPs elected, the second province by province table indicates one Labour MP (from BC) and one Independent Labour MP (Arthur Puttee) from Manitoba and when I check the Parliamentary website I can only find [[Arthur Puttee. Any way we can get to the bottom of this? Who is this BC Labour MP supposed to be? AndyL 22:36, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Sam Spade== ==

You may want to vote on whether Sam becomes a sysop at Requests_for_adminship/Sam_SpadeAndyL AndyL 18:20, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

1872 Canadian election
I don't think George Brown led the Liberals into the 1872 Canadian election as he didn't run for a seat in Parliament that year. Any idea who, if anyone, was the Liberal leader?AndyL 19:16, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I'm going to remove reference to Brown from the 1872 election article until we get to the bottom of this. I think someone will have to pull up the newspaper microfilm for the Globe or some other newspaper from the 1872 election campaign and see if they can figure it out. Are you at a university? If not perhaps we can ask User:CJCurrie to look into it since he spends a lot of time at the libarary at Queen's. AndyL 19:36, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

You mention "The Liberals were officially leaderless until 1873 but Brown was considered the party's "elder statesman" even without a seat in the Canadian House of Commons and was regularly consulted by leading Liberal parliamentarians."

I actually added that to the Brown article a few minutes ago:) I was trying to say that after Brown's defeat the Liberals were considered leaderless but, you're right, while Brown was doubtlessly the "leading Liberal" in the 1867 election he wasn't necessarily Liberal leader in the way we understand the phrase. In the unlikely event that the Liberals had won the 1867 election Brown likely would have become PM but it seems he likely thought his chances of becoming Ontario Premier were greater (as it was he lost on both levels). Of course, had the Liberals won the 1872 election it's possible Brown would have been approached to be PM even without a seat (he would have then run in a byelection) not unlike how when the UFO won the 1919 Ontario election, Drury was asked to become Premier even though he didn't even run in the 1919 election. It might be more accurate, in regards to the 1872 election, to list several Liberal leaders eg Blake, Mackenzie (?) and one or two others rather than list a single leader but we need research before we can do that.

The article on Alexander Mackenzie says that after the Liberals won the election Mackenzie was the fourth person asked to become PM and the first not to say no so it seems that in 19th century politics even if Mackenzie was "Liberal leader" in 1874 this did not mean he'd automatically become PM if the Liberals won the election. Of course the same situation existed in Britain where Lloyd George became Liberal PM during WWI even though he was NOT Liberal leader and did not become Liberal leader till after he'd ceased to be PM. 20:23, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

All I know is what it says in the wikiarticle. No source is listed, unfortunately. The parliamentary website does say Mackenzie was Liberal leader from March 1873 so we're safe in saying he was Liberal leader during the 1874 election even if he wasn't the automatic choice for PM.As for 1867 and 1872 we need to do more research. AndyL 20:40, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Before we can add a footnote or anything we need to know who the leading Liberals were in the 1872 election. Probably Blake and Mackenzie, maybe one or two others, but I'd rather not say that until we know for certain. AndyL 20:53, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

According to the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, Blake stepped down as federal Leader of the Opposition in 1871 when he became Premier of Ontario. Then, when dual representation was abolished he resigned as Premier in order to run for re-election to the House of Commons in 1872. Following the election he was offered the leadership of the Liberal party but declined due to ill health. AndyL 21:12, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Early Liberal Leaders
(This is a summary of some of my recent comments on Andy's page.)

The short answer is that the Liberal Party didn't have an official leader in the 1872 campaign.

Digging into the DBC reveals the following: In Canada's first parliament, the Liberal Party was dominated by Alexander Mackenzie and Edward Blake in Ontario, and by Luther Hamilton Holton and Antoine-Aime Dorion in Quebec (I'm not sure who the NS leader was, and many of the NB "Liberals" were actually tacit supporters of the Tory government). There was no official leader. A move was made to bring Brown back in 1869, but this failed. Afterwards, Mackenzie became the main "coordinator" for the party in the Commons.

In the 1872, Mackenzie was the leading figure in the Ontario campaign (Blake was ill), but was not an official "leader". He had no influence over the Liberal campaign outside of the province.

Contrary to what the parliamentary site has, Blake was *not* the federal Liberal leader from 1869-1871. He *was* the provincial leader during this period (or I should say most of this period -- the record is actually a bit ambiguous even here). CJCurrie 02:20, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I misread the 1911 Britannica article I cited above. It mentions Blake's dual mandate in the federal and provincial parliament but only identifies him as opposition leader provincially. AndyL 02:26, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Saskatchewan Socreds
I discovered this information while going through a general overview of Saskatchewan's political history. [I'm just digging up the information now from one of my files ... ah, yes ...]

The Socreds expressed a desire to merge with the Tories in early 1970, and the Tories agreed in March of the same year. Formal merger occurred in 1971, albeit that it was under the PC name.

Roy Hardeman Bailey (who ran for the Sask-Tory leadership in 1973, and was later a Reform-Alliance MP) began his career as a Socred. CJCurrie 20:49, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

My understanding is that the Sask Tories attempted to consolidate a general "anti-Liberal" campaign around themselves in 1921, but failed miserably. My recollection is that they ran only three candidates, and had no leader. (The situation is covered in a book called The Progressive Party in [or of] Canada.) CJCurrie 21:37, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Dick Collver
I actually have a fair bit of information on this figure -- I just haven't turned my attentions to the Saskatchewan political scene yet.

Short version:

-political outsider in 1973, selected over Roy Bailey for his presumed skills in business -Sask Tory popularity in the 1975 election was artificially "boosted" by the NDP, who used them as a foil against the Liberals -Collver was known as an eccentric -- actually spoke about telepathy in an early interview as party leader -claimed he was still attempting to help the Sask Tories during his time as Unionest leader - by asking damaging questions of the NDP that more cautious parliamentarians would have avoided -was a key crown witness in the trial of Colin Thatcher, and provided crucial testimony re: Thatcher's desire to see his wife disappear

I may end up creating a page shortly ... CJCurrie 17:04, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Somehow, nothing from the article comes as an especially great shock ... CJCurrie 17:56, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Well, these are the same people who gave Grant Devine a landslide mandate in 1982, and that was more in response to the Canadian Constitution than anything else. Regarding Collver, though, I suspect that his brief uptick in the polls may have had more to do with national factors than anything else (ie. the Trudeau government was losing support in Saskatchewan, and the provincial Tories were displacing the provincial Liberals as the local opposition accordingly). I doubt the party could have won in 1982 if he had stayed as leader. CJCurrie 18:17, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Your assistance is requested
Kevin,

I've just created a page entitled Manitoba Minister of Labour and Immigration (which, for the moment, simply contains a list of the ministers concerned). This position was created in 2001; I've decided to include the province's previous Ministers of Labour on a separate list on the page as well.

The problem is, I'm having some difficulty getting the subject headers to match with the actual lists. I don't suppose you'd know how to resolve this particular problem. CJCurrie 23:42, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Canadian election wikiproject?
Hi there. I know that you are a regular contributor to Canadian election topics, and I was wondering if you thought it would be a good idea to create a Wikiproject to standardize some of these articles? --timc | Talk 02:51, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Reform Party
Oh, don't worry. I actually really don't much care, as long as the article doesn't get into blatantly meaningless bullcrap like "democrat-populist". Mostly I just had to get my two cents in while the debate was still open. (Can ya tell I never liked them much? *grin*) Bearcat 19:25, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Elections
Go ahead and email me the spreadsheets then. My email is rwashburn@sympatico.ca The reason for the dates at the bottom is, that it helps me tremendously, as I dont have to scroll up or scroll down. I guess it's because I am lazy, but I like it. Earl Andrew 23:02, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Belinda Stronach
Kevin: Point taken about michealm--you've probably had more experience dealing with him than I have. However, I would say that when a couple of people reasoned with him about the "social democrat" tag on Stronach, he did back off. After several reverts and some discussion on the talk page, he droped it and went with the wording I had suggested "to the left of many conservatives." He certainly is difficult to deal with, though, and the Belinda Stronach article is not one of my priorities. If he responds to our current attempts at reason, it will be a small victory. I've often found that learning can occur when the motivation is right. We shall see. In any case, it is good to deal with reasonable people like you. Sunray 21:52, 2004 Dec 13 (UTC)

Where do we go from here? It's apparent michaelm won't accept anything but 'like I said, Belinda is a social democrat. She should join the NDP,' the evidence coming from sources he does not provide and ducks talking about, or that he himself disagrees with. What now? Samaritan 06:12, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC) (crossposted to Sunray and AndyL)

 * I would suggest that we wait to see what michaelm does. Since the page has been unprotected, he has been relatively moderate.  I note that he has been asking "Is this o.k." for many of his edits.  I would suggest that we continue as we are, editing his unsupportable statements (e.g. "fair trade").  As long as he accepts this and doesn't try to insert one of his pet opinions it should be fine.  I would suggest zero tolerance if he starts reverting reasonable edits.  In that case, I would suggest that we ask AndyL to block both his IP address and his user account for 24 hours (per Blocking policy: Vandalism).  If he continues with egregious valdalism, we block him for 30 days.  He cannot argue that he wasn't warned.  We could send him a message via the talk page about this just to be sure he is clear.  Sunray 18:19, 2004 Dec 19 (UTC)

*blush*
Aw, thank you! Why Samaritan? I guess I wanted to convey that I was a bit of an outsider, but ready to reach in and help. So it was that or Friendly Stranger, and, well... :) Your work here rocks. your small party pieces are among what hooked me on Wikipedia. Samaritan 00:19, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ground Zero/Archive 1


text:
List of municipalities of the Province of Brescia

The following is a list of the 207 municipalities (comuni) of the Province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy.

A

 * Acquafredda
 * Adro
 * Agnosine
 * Alfianello
 * Anfo
 * Angolo Terme
 * Artogne
 * Azzano Mella

B

 * Bagnolo Mella
 * Bagolino
 * Barbariga
 * Barghe
 * Bassano Bresciano
 * Bedizzole
 * Berlingo
 * Berzo Demo
 * Berzo Inferiore
 * Bienno
 * Bione
 * Borgo San Giacomo
 * Borgosatollo
 * Borno
 * Botticino
 * Bovegno
 * Bovezzo
 * Brandico
 * Braone
 * Breno
 * Brescia
 * Brione

C

 * Caino
 * Calcinato
 * Calvagese della Riviera
 * Calvisano
 * Capo di Ponte
 * Capovalle
 * Capriano del Colle
 * Capriolo
 * Carpenedolo
 * Castegnato
 * Castel Mella
 * Castelcovati
 * Castenedolo
 * Casto
 * Castrezzato
 * Cazzago San Martino
 * Cedegolo
 * Cellatica
 * Cerveno
 * Ceto
 * Cevo
 * Chiari
 * Cigole
 * Cimbergo
 * Cividate Camuno
 * Coccaglio
 * Collebeato
 * Collio
 * Cologne (pronunciation: ko-LOH-nyeh)
 * Comezzano-Cizzago
 * Concesio
 * Corte Franca
 * Corteno Golgi
 * Corzano

D

 * Darfo Boario Terme
 * Dello
 * Desenzano del Garda

E

 * Edolo
 * Erbusco
 * Esine

F

 * Fiesse
 * Flero

G

 * Gambara
 * Gardone Riviera
 * Gardone Val Trompia
 * Gargnano
 * Gavardo
 * Ghedi
 * Gianico
 * Gottolengo
 * Gussago

I

 * Idro
 * Incudine
 * Irma
 * Iseo
 * Isorella

L

 * Lavenone
 * Leno
 * Limone sul Garda
 * Lodrino
 * Lograto
 * Lonato
 * Longhena
 * Losine
 * Lozio
 * Lumezzane

M

 * Maclodio
 * Magasa
 * Mairano
 * Malegno
 * Malonno
 * Manerba del Garda
 * Manerbio
 * Marcheno
 * Marmentino
 * Marone
 * Mazzano
 * Milzano
 * Moniga del Garda
 * Monno
 * Monte Isola
 * Monticelli Brusati
 * Montichiari
 * Montirone
 * Mura
 * Muscoline

N

 * Nave
 * Niardo
 * Nuvolento
 * Nuvolera

O

 * Odolo
 * Offlaga
 * Ome
 * Ono San Pietro
 * Orzinuovi
 * Orzivecchi
 * Ospitaletto
 * Ossimo

P

 * Padenghe sul Garda
 * Paderno Franciacorta
 * Paisco Loveno
 * Paitone
 * Palazzolo sull'Oglio
 * Paratico
 * Paspardo
 * Passirano
 * Pavone del Mella
 * Pertica Alta
 * Pertica Bassa
 * Pezzaze
 * Pian Camuno
 * Piancogno
 * Pisogne
 * Polaveno
 * Polpenazze del Garda
 * Pompiano
 * Poncarale
 * Ponte di Legno
 * Pontevico
 * Pontoglio
 * Pozzolengo
 * Pralboino
 * Preseglie
 * Prevalle
 * Provaglio d'Iseo
 * Provaglio Val Sabbia
 * Puegnago sul Garda

Q

 * Quinzano d'Oglio

R

 * Remedello
 * Rezzato
 * Roccafranca
 * Rodengo-Saiano
 * Roè Volciano
 * Roncadelle
 * Rovato
 * Rudiano

S

 * Sabbio Chiese
 * Sale Marasino
 * Salò
 * San Felice del Benaco
 * San Gervasio Bresciano
 * San Paolo
 * San Zeno Naviglio
 * Sarezzo
 * Saviore dell'Adamello
 * Sellero
 * Seniga
 * Serle
 * Sirmione
 * Soiano del Lago
 * Sonico
 * Sulzano

T

 * Tavernole sul Mella
 * Temù
 * Tignale
 * Torbole Casaglia
 * Toscolano-Maderno
 * Travagliato
 * Tremosine
 * Trenzano
 * Treviso Bresciano

U

 * Urago d'Oglio

V

 * Vallio Terme
 * Valvestino
 * Verolanuova
 * Verolavecchia
 * Vestone
 * Vezza d'Oglio
 * Villa Carcina
 * Villachiara
 * Villanuova sul Clisi
 * Vione
 * Visano
 * Vobarno

Z

 * Zone


text:
Nouvelle Air Affaires Gabon

Nouvelle Air Affaires Gabon is an airline based in Libreville, Gabon. It operates corporate and freight charter services. Its main base is Libreville International Airport.

History
Nouvelle Air Affaires Gabon, founded by Raymond Bellangeras as Air Affaires Gabon, started on 30 June 1975 as a regional, domestic, passenger and cargo carrier. It was participating in supporting the construction of the Trans-Gabon Railway railroad line in the 1970s. and merged with Gabon Air Transport to form the new airline in 1996.

Following the closure of Afrijet and Gabon Airlines, Nouvelle Air Affaires Gabon is the last carrier in Gabon not on the list of air carriers banned in the European Union.

Fleet
The Air Affaires Gabon fleet includes the following aircraft (as of 10 February 2010):

 * 1 Challenger 601
 * 1 Cessna 208
 * 1 Bombardier Dash 8-Q300 (as of August 2019)
 * 1 Hawker 800XP
 * 2 Raytheon Beech 1900D Airliner

The airline fleet previously included the following aircraft:
 * 1 Fokker 100

title: Nouvelle Air Affaires Gabon


text:
Sculthorpe Training Area

Sculthorpe Training Area, previously Royal Air Force Sculthorpe and commonly abbreviated RAF Sculthorpe, is a training site owned by the British Ministry of Defence (MoD). It is approximately 3 mi west of Fakenham in the county of Norfolk in England. It forms part of the Defence Training Estate.

The training area is part of the former larger Royal Air Force Sculthorpe, a military airbase which officially closed as an RAF station on October 2, 1992. The airfield had been home to many visiting airmen and support crews of the Royal Air Force (RAF) and United States Air Force (USAF). In 1997, the Ministry of Defence sold the entire technical, domestic and administrative site, including the married quarters site previously occupied by the USAF to the Welbeck Estate Group. After the sale, the airfield, along with the dispersed secure weapon storage area, was retained for military training usage.

Second World War
RAF Sculthorpe was built between the villages of Sculthorpe (to its east) and Syderstone (to its west-north-west) as the second satellite airfield of RAF West Raynham (itself a few miles to the south), the first satellite airfield being RAF Great Massingham. Work began on Sculthorpe in the spring of 1942, and the airfield was laid out as one of only two Royal Air Force (RAF) heavy bomber airfields (the other was the nearby RAF Marham), with the familiar wartime triangular three runway layout expanded by 50 per cent, the main runway being 9000 ft long (compared to the standard 6000 ft) and the subsidiary runways being 6,000 feet (compared to around 4000 ft. The work involved construction of the concrete runways, dispersals site, mess facilities, and accommodation.  Much of the work was completed by Irish labour working for the company Bovis Construction.

As work was drawing to a close in May 1943, the first aircraft squadrons started to arrive. The first was No. 342 Squadron (Lorraine) of the Free French Air Forces within No. 2 Group RAF from RAF West Raynham. This squadron operated two flights of the Douglas Boston aircraft, along with the related Douglas Havoc aircraft for training. No. 342 Squadron stayed until 19 July 1943, when they moved to RAF Great Massingham.

On July 20, 1943, the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) and Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) moved in with No. 487 Squadron RNZAF and No. 464 Squadron RAAF taking up residence, with their Lockheed Ventura aircraft having moved from RAF Methwold, before converting at Sculthorpe onto the de Havilland Mosquito. On 20 September 1943, 21 Squadron moved in from RAF Oulton, also with Mosquitos, to form the Sculthorpe Wing (No. 140 Wing RAF). The wing stayed at Sculthorpe, completing more than 100 missions, before departing for RAF Hunsdon in Hertfordshire on 31 December 1943.

In January 1944, No. 214 Squadron RAF of 100 Group RAF moved in with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress aircraft for use in electronic warfare support of RAF Bomber Command, to be joined by crews from the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) 96th Bomb Group from RAF Snetterton Heath, known at Sculthorpe and thereafter as the 803rd Bomb Squadron of the USAAF. In April 1944, the 803rd and 214 Squadron departed for RAF Oulton, leaving Sculthorpe empty for its redevelopment as a 'very heavy bomber base', with the work not being completed until the spring of 1946.

A number of units were also posted here:
 * No. 11 Heavy Glider Maintenance Section RAF
 * No. 140 Airfield RAF
 * No. 1699 (Fortress Training) Flight RAF
 * No. 2755 Squadron RAF Regiment
 * No. 3207 Servicing Commando RAF
 * Mosquito Conversion Flight RAF

Cold War
RAF Sculthorpe was refurbished for use by the United States Air Force (USAF) during the Berlin Crisis in 1949, and then later, in 1952, it became home for the 49th Air Division (Operational) (49th AD) and the 47th Bombardment Wing (47th Bomb Wg), who were to stay for a decade. The 49th Air Division maintained operational control of the 47th Bomb Wg and the 20th Fighter-Bomber Wing (20th FB Wg), which provided tactical nuclear weapons support to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR). Later, the 81st Fighter-Bomber Wing (81st FB Wg) was provided a nuclear capability and assigned to the operational control of the 49th Air Division.

The Soviet Union's enormous conventional force in eastern Europe posed a major problem for NATO, due to the Soviets' maintaining high personnel levels after World War II, when most of the American and British forces had demobilised.

To counter this Soviet threat to Western Europe, NATO decided to expand their tactical nuclear force by introducing the North American B-45 Tornado to the United Kingdom. The U.S. Tactical Air Command had about 100 of these four-engine jet bombers, each capable of delivering five tactical nuclear bombs. In the summer of 1952, The Pentagon decided to forward-deploy the 47th Bomb Wing to Sculthorpe in Norfolk, from its then home base of Langley Air Force Base in Virginia, USA. The movement of the 49th AD, 47 Bomb Wg and the 20th FB Wg was the first unit deployment since World War II. Due to a shortage of space at Sculthorpe, the 86th BS operated from RAF Alconbury as a detachment of the 47th. In addition to the B-45 squadrons at Sculthorpe, the 47th's sister wing, the 20th Fighter-Bomber Wing with the nuclear capable North American F-84G Thunderjet were transferred to RAF Wethersfield in Essex.

From 1954 to 1958, the 19th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (19th TRS) also flew the aerial reconnaissance version of the North American B-45 Tornado known as the RB-45. The 19th TRS was assigned to the 47th Bomb Wing from May 1954 to December 1958. When the 19th TRS began to re-equip with Douglas RB-66's in 1957, its RB-45's were transferred to other squadrons of the 47th Bomb Wing.

By 1957, hosting 10,000 personnel it was the biggest United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) base in Europe. In May 1958, the re-equipping of the 47th Bombardment Wing began and Douglas B-66 Destroyers began to replace the B-45s. With this equipment change, the 47th's squadrons were redesignated 'Bombardment Squadron (Tactical)'.

During 1960 to 1962, the 47th performed aerial refuelling missions assigning Boeing KB-50J tankers to the 420th Air Refueling Squadron from 15 March 1960 to 22 June 1962. The KB-50s were specially equipped with two General Electric J47 turbojet engines that enabled the tanker aircraft to match the speed of the faster jet fighters during refuelling; however most of the KB-50s were more than fifteen years old, and were too slow to refuel the faster tactical jets of USAFE. The 420th ARS was inactivated on 25 March 1964.

In 1962, Project Clearwater halted large scale rotational bomber deployments to Britain with Sculthorpe, along with RAF Fairford, RAF Chelveston, and RAF Greenham Common, being turned over to USAFE for tactical air use. As a result, the 47th Bomb Wing was inactivated on 22 June 1962. A number of the aircraft were reassigned to the 42d Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (42nd TRS), 10th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing at RAF Chelveston, and modified with the electronic counter-measures tail system. With the inactivation of the 47th, Sculthorpe was put under the command of the 7375th Combat Support Group, the 7375th was later replaced by the Detachment 1, 48th Tactical Fighter Wing.

Visiting aircraft
In 1976, Many of the F-100's used by France were flown to Sculthorp and held for de-commissioning.

In 1979, Handley Page Victor aerial tankers from 55 and 57 Squadrons, and Canberra target towing aircraft of 100 Squadron operated from Sculthorpe when the runway at RAF Marham was re-surfaced.

In spring 1982, units from RAF Coltishall in north-east Norfolk moved to Sculthorpe while the Coltishall runway was resurfaced.

During the spring and summer of 1983, units of the 48th Tactical Fighter Wing deployed to RAF Sculthorpe because their home station, RAF Lakenheath was having its runway resurfaced.

During the summer of 1984, the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II F-4E and F-4G squadrons from Spangdahlem Air Base, West Germany, operated from RAF Sculthorpe to allow runway re-surfacing at Spangdahlem to take place.

During most of 1988 and part of 1989, deploying Lockheed C-130 Hercules units from the 463rd Tactical Airlift Wing (Dyess Air Force Base, Texas), the 314th Airlift Wing (Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas), and the 317th Airlift Group (Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina), were forced to operate from RAF Sculthorpe due to runway resurfacing at RAF Mildenhall.

In August 1989, the Lockheed TR-1A squadron from RAF Alconbury operated from RAF Sculthorpe whilst Alconbury's runway was re-surfaced.

Post RAF use
Royal Air Force Sculthorpe became inactive at the end of the Cold War and was officially closed on October 2, 1992.

The airfield, together with the dispersed secure weapon storage area, known as the Sculthorpe Training Area since 18 October 2015 and occasionally known as MoD Sculthorpe, is retained by the Ministry of Defence (MoD), and forms part of the Defence Training Estate, in accordance with the Military Lands Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. 43).

During the mid-1990s the entire technical and domestic site was sold to Roger Byron-Collins' Welbeck Estate Group by Defence Estates. The domestic married quarters site included a number of single storey 'tobacco houses'. The housing estate was renamed Wicken Green Village and, after refurbishment, the houses were sold on the open market. The remaining technical site including barrack blocks, post exchange (PX), church, guardroom, gymnasium, community centres, and extensive storage and industrial units were sold to a single purchaser and there is now a fledgling industrial park. The Welbeck Estate Group went on to acquire the nearby technical and married quarters estate at RAF West Raynham.

During 2016 it was used by the USAF 352nd Special Operations Group (352nd SOG), based at RAF Mildenhall, to perform training in low flying airdrops and rescue and recovery missions. These exercises were conducted by Lockheed MC-130 Hercules and CV-22 Ospreys. In October 2022, a AgustaWestland Apache AH.1, military registration ZJ221, operated by the Army Air Corps (AAC) from Wattisham Flying Station (formerly known as RAF Wattisham) in Suffolk was witnessed conducting exercises, including ground refuelling on the airfield. This activity has continued into 2024 with aircraft such as the Lockheed Martin MC-130J Commando II (16–5839) operating over the Sculthorpe area.

The only military buildings on the airfield that had remained were the control tower, the fire station (next to the control tower) and a small half-moon concrete shelter,, now used by a farmer for machinery and equipment storage. As of week commencing 21 February 2022, demolition of the control tower had begun. The fire station is to be retained, for USAF use.

Heritage centre
RAF Sculthorpe Heritage Centre opened in a room at Green Park Rural Centre, Wicken Green Village, in August 2019. It features many Sculthorpe-related items and has parts of a Douglas RB-66 Destroyer including its Allison J71 jet engine, which is the only known surviving example in the country. Queen Elizabeth II made a private visit to the centre and met the curator and volunteers in February 2022.

As of January 2023, the Heritage Centre is moving into its new home in the former Chapel building. This will include the UK's only B-29 wreckage on public display.

title: Sculthorpe Training Area


text: User talk:194.83.29.253

title: User talk:194.83.29.253


text:
Drang Nach Osten!

Drang Nach Osten! ("Drive to the East!") is a monster board wargame published in 1973 by Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) that simulates Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. The game was the first of what was envisioned as a series of games with identical wargame rules and map scale that would simulate the entire Second World War in Europe.

Description
Drang Nach Osten!, characterized as a "monster game" because it has more than 1000 counters, is a two-player (or two-team) game that covers Operation Barbarossa along World War II's Eastern Front between 22 June 1941 and 31 March 1942.

Components
The game, packaged in a ziplock bag, contains:
 * 1792 die-cut counters
 * Five 21" x 27" maps that, when put together, cover the Eastern Front from Warsaw in the west to Stalingrad in the east, and from Murmansk in the north to Sevastopol in the south. The map scale used in the entire Europa series is 25 km (16 mi) per hex.
 * Rules folder with 20-page rulebook and game cover art
 * Ten charts and aids

Gameplay
Each turn represents 2 weeks of game time – characterized as first half of the month and last half of the month. Movement is modified by both terrain and weather. Combat results are determined by the ratio of attackers to defenders. Supplies are dependent upon home cities that act as supply depots.

Victory conditions
To win, the Axis player/team must capture every major Soviet city hex before the end of the 19th turn (second half of March 1942). The Soviet player/team wins by preventing this.

Publication history
In 1973, GDW published Drang Nach Osten!, a game designed by Paul R. Banner and Frank Chadwick, as the first in the 'East Front Trilogy'. Cover art was by Don Lowry. GDW also published an expansion kit, Unentschieden ("Stalemate"), in 1973, that extends the simulation to the end of the war in May 1945. This was the first game of Europa, a planned series of games with identical wargame rules and map scale that would simulate the entire Second World War in Europe.

In 1984 Banner, Chadwick, Marc Miller and John Astell revised and greatly expanded Drang Nach Osten! and GDW published this expansion as Fire in the East.

GDW went out of business before the entire Europa line could be completed. Following the demise of GDW, Game Research/Design (GRD) acquired the license to Fire in the East, and announced a new edition titled Total War, which to date, has not been published.

Reception
In a 1976 poll of 202 wargames conducted by Simulations Publications Inc., wargame players rated Drang nach Osten! as Number 1.

In his 1977 book The Comprehensive Guide to Board Wargaming, Nick Palmer wrote, "There is a school of thought which holds that the Europa series is for admiring and revelling in the rules rather than playing, but it is playable [...] given enough time or (more realistically) enough players."

In the 1980 book The Complete Book of Wargames, game designer Jon Freeman questioned the balance of the game, stating "The Germans roll. [...] Only a top group of Russian players will be able to overcome this." While Freeman admitted that Drang nach Osten! was a legend, he said it was not because of its playability, but "because it proved big games — nay, monster games — had a place in the hobby." With its extreme size and complexity, Freeman found playing the game was like "sucking wind uphill." He also found that due to the length of time needed to play — he estimated two years — "Playability is limited to large groups with plenty of time on their hands." Freeman refused to give an Overall Evaluation grade for the game, saying "Its significance far exceeds its intrinsic merit {...] Not for public consumption."

In The Guide to Simulations/Games for Education and Training, Martin Campion summarized the complexity of this game, saying it "shows a lot about the war but at a terrific cost in time and trouble."

Other reviews

 * Fire & Movement #17 and #63
 * Grenadier #11
 * Panzerfaust #59 and #64
 * Moves #50, p27
 * Games & Puzzles #57

title: Drang Nach Osten!


text:
A Static Lullaby

A Static Lullaby was an American post-hardcore band that formed in Chino Hills, California, in 2001.

Early years and formation (2001–2002)
A Static Lullaby came together after a high school jam session led to the members to quit their existing bands and come together as one. The group began with singer Joe Brown, bassist Phil Pirrone, drummer Brett Dinovo, and guitarists Dan Arnold and Nathan Lindeman. Their first show was a mere two weeks after forming, and it started a buzz about the band that continued to be built upon throughout the local circuit.

In September of 2001, the band recorded their first home made song called "Withered". They additionally recorded the songs "Love to Hate, Hate to Love", "The Shooting Star That Destroyed Us All", "A Sip of Wine Chased With Cyanide" and "Charred Fields of Snow" for their self-titled demo EP. They then recorded 2 other songs; "A Sip of Wine Chased With Cyanide" and "A Song for a Broken Heart" and released them on the Withered demo EP, which sold 6,000 copies. After the EP's release the band toured across the West Coast.

Signing and first two albums (2002–2005)
The band signed a contract with Ferret Records in 2002. After this, the band went on to create their first album, ...And Don't Forget to Breathe in early 2003 and spent 18 months on the road supporting it, sharing stages with such acts as AFI, My Chemical Romance and Brand New. During a 16-week tour with Strung Out, drummer Brett Dinovo left the band and was replaced by then guitar tech Ben Newsham. In late 2004 the band recorded a cover of "The Everlasting Gaze", originally by The Smashing Pumpkins, for the album The Killer in You: A Tribute to Smashing Pumpkins. After extensive touring, they signed to Columbia Records and recorded their second album, Faso Latido, which was released on April 5, 2005. It received mixed reviews and they were eventually dropped from Columbia.

In this time, bassist and vocalist Phil Pirrone was involved in a serious car crash, causing him to rethink his life and eventually leave the band. He formed his own record label, Longhair Illuminati, and formed the band Casket Salesmen with guitarist Nathan Lindeman. ASL went on a successful Taste Of Chaos in 2005.

A Static Lullaby (2006–2007)
A Static Lullaby reached a turning point and was signed by Fearless Records. They hunted for new musicians to fill the positions of Phil Pirrone and Nathan Lindeman. After finding John Martinez and Dane Poppin for guitar and bass, respectively, the band recorded their third full-length album. A Static Lullaby was released October 10, 2006 did significantly better than their previous album. The self-titled album returned to the more aggressive style the band had been known for, with a noticeable influence from melodic "guitar pop".

In 2007, the band parted ways with new guitarist John Martinez, and did not look for a replacement. Dane Poppin stated, "We are currently much better off and comfortable as a four-piece." In addition, they found a permanent new drummer, Tyler Mahurin.

Rattlesnake! and break-up (2008–2015)
The band released a video stating that the title of their new album produced by Steve Evetts was to be titled Rattlesnake!. It was released on September 9, 2008. In November 2008, a tour with Maylene and the Sons of Disaster, Confide, Showbread and Attack Attack! ended.

With the compilation album Punk Goes Pop 2, the band released a post hardcore cover version of "Toxic" by Britney Spears, as well as a related music video featuring several Spears look-alikes wearing various outfits from her music videos.

A Static Lullaby toured most of the 2009 Zumiez Couch Tour with Canadian band, Silverstein. They also performed with the bands Vanna, Asking Alexandria, Motionless in White and Tides of Man for the Blaze of Glory tour.

In June 2010, lead singer Joe Brown started a side project with former guitarist John Martinez and eventual A Static Lullaby guitarist Kris Comeaux called "Elevate: I Am", who released their debut record, The Ghost Eclipse Sessions, in 2011. Brown also signed the San Diego-based band A Shattered Hope to his record label A Lullaby Factory Records.

In 2011, the band released Cinematic Attractions, their first non-album single. It features Dan Arnold performing vocals, guitar & piano, with lyrics by Joe Brown & mixing & mastering done by Kris Comeaux.

Dan Arnold joined the band New Year's Day, playing guitar for the group. He also announced a new project "Ghost Town" on A Static Lullaby's Facebook page in early 2012. Dan Arnold would end up leaving New Year's Day after about a year with the group.

Dane Poppin toured with post-hardcore act Of Mice & Men to fill in for Jaxin Hall who left the band for personal reasons.

Dan Arnold announced on the band's Facebook account on January 10, 2012, that the band would be breaking up and was later confirmed by stating that the band's very last show will be played in Indonesia on July 7, 2012.

Since the band broke up, Dan Arnold, Matt Faulkner, and Kris Comeaux started a band called "Deadhorse" which released a demo track in January 2014. Dane Poppin is currently touring and performing with Twin Forks & Dashboard Confessional, Phil Pirrone plays in his new band JJUUJJUU, and Tyler Mahurin is currently playing with Hollywood Undead.

Reunion (2015–present)
On Christmas Eve, 2015, the band announced on their Facebook page that they would return to perform for the first time in four years with four shows in California in 2016 where they played their debut record, ...And Don't Forget To Breathe, in its entirety. The band welcomed back former members John Martinez (Self-Titled era) & Kris Comeaux (Cinematic Attractions era), as well as introducing new member Joey Bradford for the reunion shows. A Static Lullaby returned to their hometown for a successful reunion at the Glasshouse on Saturday, February 27, 2016.

In January 2019, Joe Brown announced on the A Static Lullaby Facebook page that he had started a metal band called Dead Inside with Dave Miller, formerly of Senses Fail.

In June 2024, the band was asked through a post on Instagram to play the 2024 iteration of the California Is For Lovers Festival. Through a comment on the post, the band agreed to the request.

Musical style
The band's primary genre was post-hardcore/alternative rock. The band has been compared to AFI, the Used, and My Chemical Romance.

Band members
Last lineup

 * Joe Brown – unclean vocals (2001–2012, 2015–2016)
 * Dan Arnold – rhythm guitar, clean vocals, programming, keyboards (2001–2012, 2015–2016)
 * John Martinez – lead guitar, backing vocals (2006–2008, 2015–2016)
 * Joey Bradford – bass guitar, backing vocals (2015–2016)
 * Kris Comeaux – drums, percussion (2015–2016); lead guitar (2011–2012)

Former members
 * Brett Dinovo – drums, percussion (2001–2005; 2011–2012)
 * Matt Faulkner – bass guitar (2011–2012)
 * Tyler Mahurin – drums, percussion (2007–2011)
 * Jarrod Alexander – drums, percussion (2006–2007)
 * Nate Lindeman – lead guitar (2001–2005)
 * Phil Pirrone – bass guitar, clean vocals (2001–2005)
 * Dane Poppin – bass guitar, backing vocals (2006–2011)
 * Phil Manansala – lead guitar (2008–2009)

Timeline

Videography

 * 2003: "Lipgloss and Letdown"
 * 2003: "The Shooting Star That Destroyed Us"
 * 2005: "Stand Up"
 * 2006: "Hang 'Em High" (Directed by Nicholas Peterson)
 * 2008: "The Art of Sharing Lovers"
 * 2009: "Toxic" (Britney Spears cover)

title: A Static Lullaby


text:
Talk:Octopus Cards Limited

HK government shareholding
I would say Hong Kong Government's shareholding is rather indirect, and has little say (and decision power) over the company. hello — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.153.181.194 (talk) 03:04, 18 May 2017 (UTC)

One more note: the MTRCL has only 49% of voting power, regardless of its share. — Instantnood 15:13, Feb 9 2005 (UTC)

Why does this page have a copy of a press release
Why does this page have a copy of a press release - lets do some sensible editing of it so that it looks like a proper wikipedia entry not a brochure for ERG! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.130.117.164 (talk • contribs) 2006-03-16 08:56:42

move to Octopus Holdings?
Since there is no article for parent company Octopus Holdings, should we make this article about Octopus Holdings instead? Hong Qi Gong (Talk - Contribs) 07:43, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Octopus Cards Limited


text:
Adamstown, Dublin

Adamstown is a planned suburban development in western County Dublin, located circa 16 km from Dublin city centre, in the jurisdiction of South Dublin County Council. The first new town in Ireland since Shannon Town in the 1960s, the development-in-progress is based on a 220 hectare Strategic Development Zone site south of the N4 road and Lucan, west of Liffey tributary the Griffeen River and north of the Grand Canal. No date has been set for the official granting of any specific long-term official status (as of 2020 the local authority terms it an "emerging new town") but development is underway since 2005 and as of 2015, perhaps 4,500 of a planned population of 25,000 were resident. As per the 2022 census, the population is just above 10,000. The planned scale of development is 9,000 to 10,000 dwellings, with aligned supporting infrastructure including public transport links.

Location and access
Adamstown is beside the Dublin–Kildare railway line, and was provided with a new, privately-funded railway station, with 5 platforms. The settlement is south of the N4 national primary route road. Weston Airport is nearby.

Concept and commencement
Adamstown originated with the 1998 South Dublin County Development Plan, which considered the creation of several "new towns" – only Adamstown made it to the development stage, and the area was legally designated as a Strategic Development Zone. The advance or parallel provision of a new railway station was an integral part of its development plan, together with the provision of new schools, shopping, entertainment and sporting facilities, all within walking distance in the neighbourhood, and aligned to the build-out of housing. The homes built in Adamstown were to be familiar types of houses and apartment blocks but with a layout dissimilar to other later 20th-century developments in Ireland in that they were to incorporate modern urban design concepts. The development was designed to reduce car usage, with the ease of access to the train station is intended to promote walking and cycling. There was a strict limit on high-rise buildings, three to four storeys being the planned norm.

The foundation stone was laid by Taoiseach Bertie Ahern in February 2003 and infrastructure works officially commenced on 7 February 2005. On 16 February 2006 the first houses went on the market, and the developer-funded railway station opened on 10 April 2007.

Development, delays and resumption
It was intended that after an initial ten years of development, it would have around 10,000 homes, and about 25,000 people, with schools, a library, community and healthcare centres, a cinema and a range of retail facilities. Development slowed after the initial phases – which saw around 1,270 homes completed – partly due to the aftermath of the financial crisis, and parts of the proposed settlement remained boarded off for years. Only 20 homes were completed from 2010 to 2014, leaving a total of less than 1,400 from the target 10,000 after 10 years. The local authority applied to alter aspects of the area's development plan, and while some requests were rejected by An Bord Pleanala, target densities were reduced, as developers lobbied that apartments were not viable for sale, and some features, notably the swimming pool, were allowed to be decoupled from the phased construction of housing. Additionally, some infrastructure which had been supposed to be funded by developers was to be provided with State funding instead.

In 2015 Ulster Bank moved to sell 90% of the largely undeveloped zoned lands (with space for around 7,000 dwellings). By then facilities comprised three schools, two shops and a hairdressing salon, along with multiple playing pitches and a park. Development was planned and delivered with an emphasis on family safety, with enclosed green spaces overlooked by housing and wide cycle paths; mature trees were also planted. At this time the population consisted of about 3,500 in a housing development on one side of the railway line and 1,000 in another development on the other, about 90% being private purchases, and 10% social housing clients. A third housing development went on sale in October 2016, selling out by 2017. Further development launched in 2017.

As of mid-2020, 2,613 homes had been built, and subject to delays due to the Covid pandemic, development of thousands more were expected to proceed, with 3,500 new dwellings already covered by some form of county council permission. The train station and three schools, a modest range of retail facilities, a community centre, and an all-weather sports pitch were operating as of the same time.

Amenities
The area features a Liffey tributary stream, the Tobermaclugg, which is planned to be used as the centrepiece of a public park.

Adamstown's first neighbourhood shopping centre included a small Londis supermarket, a hair and beauty salon, and a cafe/pizzeria, situated in the Sentinel Building. In April 2023, a Tesco and Aldi opened beside the train station, as part of 'The Crossings' shopping centre. Existing in the broader vicinity is a Supervalu shopping centre on Newcastle Road, while a short distance further is Lucan village. Some distance away, off the N4, is Liffey Valley shopping centre.

Education
As of 2016, there were a crèche and two primary schools, Adamstown Educate Together and St. John the Evangelist, which commenced in September 2007. The local secondary school, Adamstown Community College, opened in September 2009, and from sixty nine students entering the school it had around 870 by 2015. The school crest, of a castle, originates from an old castle that use to stand where the current school stands today. The secondary school is operated by the County of Dublin VEC.

Sport
Adamstown has a soccer club, Adamstown Football Club, and a GAA club, Adamstown GAA club, for both girls and boys, including hurling and camogie groups. Adamstown Football Club was established in November 2005 and plays in the United Churches League, with two teams (as of 2008). The GAA club was authorised on 11 June 2007 at a meeting of the Dublin County Board. There are also Adamstown Cricket Club, and a cycling club. A new structure, Club Adamstown, was being put in place as of 2020 by the local council to offer sporting opportunities, including expanded cricketing, to local children.

Sustainable Communities Award 2009
In February 2009, Adamstown, the new neighbourhood being built on the west side of Dublin, won a "Sustainable Communities" award from the UK's Royal Town Planning Institute. It was the only non-UK project to pick up a prize at the annual awards ceremony and was entered by South Dublin County Council and Chartridge, the developers (comprising Castlethorn Construction, Maplewood Homes and Tierra Construction). The award recognises that Adamstown has been properly planned and balances living accommodation with infrastructure, such as shops, cinema, train station, swimming pool, library, health centres, restaurants, schools, mixed places of worship and parks, among other facilities. Adamstown is Ireland's first Strategic Development Zone, which means that the construction of homes runs in tandem with such facilities. The judges praised the design and layout of Adamstown for its "modern vernacular" and said it would be a "model for development elsewhere".

title: Adamstown, Dublin


text:
Talk:Drancy internment camp

Critique
First, I suspect that this article draws heavily from this single document. Some sentences are identical.

Second, I had to rephrase a misleading statement about the acknowledgment by the French government of the role of the French police. I've been to school in a public school in France, and, as far as I remember, the collaboration activity of Vichy France, including its complicity in the extermination of Jews, was well-documented.

However, the official point of view of the government was that Vichy France was a regime that took power illegally to replace the Republic, and thus that the Republic was not responsible for the actions of Vichy France. David.Monniaux 15:17, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Internment camp (not "deportation camp")
The French Wikipedia article, Camp de Drancy, refers to it descriptively as "camp d'internement de Drancy". The English-language term "internment camp" is well known, in common usage, and more suitable to describe this camp than the present "deportation camp", as it was not merely a waystation for deportation of all its internees. Therefore I'm suggesting a name change for this article. -- Deborahjay 12:21, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

== The German name for this type of camp was "sammellager", literally "assembly camp". Although I appreciate the suggestion of "internment camp", the term "deportation camp" has the merit of reminding us that most of the occupants were destined for the death camps in the East. The term "sammellager" was also used to denote similar camps elsewhere in Europe. Personally I think that the best compromise would be to use sammellager throughout. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Augusta2 (talk • contribs) 15:56, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

Eduard Bloch?
There is a photo in this article that is supposedly from 1941 and supposedly shows Eduard Bloch. Is the person in the photo a different person with the same name as the one linked to (Eduard Bloch)? That article says he emigrated in 1940 to the USA, and neither it or its versions in other languages mention Drancy. --Espoo (talk) 12:17, 27 January 2016 (UTC)

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Simone Weil
What’s the reference for her being detained at the camp? As 2600:1700:8A10:54A0:5918:DFAB:3835:A055 (talk) 07:19, 8 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Corrected to Simone Veil. 148.87.23.10 (talk) 00:12, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drancy internment camp


text: Portal:United Kingdom

title: Portal:United Kingdom


text:
1925 in Germany

Events in the year 1925 in Germany.

National level

 * President of Germany - Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrats) (to 28 February), Paul von Hindenburg (from 12 May)

 * Chancellor - Wilhelm Marx (Centre) (to 15 January), Hans Luther (German People's Party) (from 15 January)

Events

 * 15 January – Centre Party member Hans Luther becomes Chancellor of Germany after the resignation of Wilhelm Marx.
 * 25 February – Adolf Hitler makes his first public appearance since being released from prison
 * 25 April – Paul von Hindenburg, winning 48.5% of the popular vote against the Centre Party's Wilhelm Marx with 45.2%, is elected President of Germany.
 * 13 July – France begins to withdraw from the Rhineland.
 * 18 July – Publication of Mein Kampf
 * 29 August – Walther von Lüttwitz and members involved in the attempted "Kapp Putsch" coup of March 1920 are granted amnesty by the German government.
 * 5–16 October – The United Kingdom, France, Italy, Belgium, and Germany agree to the established western borders and signs mutual assistance pacts in order to stabilize Germany's eastern borders at the local area Locarno Conference.
 * 12 October – Germany and the Soviet Union sign an economic treaty.
 * 1 December – The UK withdraws from Cologne, Germany.

Births

 * 8 January – Helmuth Hübener, German youth political activist against the Hitler regime (died 1942)
 * 1 February – Lucille Eichengreen, German writer and Holocaust survivor (d. 2020)
 * 7 March
 * Josef Ertl, German politician (died 2000)
 * Willigis Jäger, German Benedictine friar, mystic and Zen master (died 2020)
 * 24 March – Puig Aubert, French rugby league footballer (died 1994)
 * 2 April – Hans Rosenthal, German television presenter (died 1987)
 * 11 April – Emil Mangelsdorff, German jazz musician (died 2022)
 * 5 May – Eddi Arent, German actor (died 2013)
 * 7 May – Wolf Schneider, German journalist, author and language critic (died 2022)
 * 16 May – Hannes Hegen, German cartoonist and illustrator (died 2014)
 * 28 May – Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, German lyric baritone and conductor (died 2012)
 * 31 May – Frei Otto, German architect (died 2015)
 * 17 July – Anita Lasker-Wallfisch, German-born British cellist
 * 18 July – Friedrich Zimmermann, German politician (died 2015)
 * 19 July – Michael Pfeiffer, German footballer (died 2015)
 * 15 August – Leonie Ossowski, German writer (died 2019)
 * 25 August – Hilmar Hoffmann, German film and culture academic (died 2018)
 * 6 September – Moshe Goshen-Gottstein, German-born Israeli linguist (died 1991)
 * 7 October – Fred Bertelmann, German singer (died 2014)
 * 12 November – Heinz Schubert, German actor and comedian (died 1999)
 * 20 November – Clytus Gottwald, German choral musician (died 2023)
 * 19 December – Tankred Dorst, German dramatist (died 2017)
 * 28 December – Hildegard Knef, German actress (died 2002)
 * 30 December – Frank Meisler, Danzig-born Israeli architect and sculptor (died 2018)

January

 * 4 or 5 January – Richard Saran, (72) German architect (born 1852)
 * 7 January – Emil Schäpe, (34) German fighter pilot (born 1890)

February

 * 28 January – Friedrich Ebert, (54) President of Germany (born 1871)

May

 * 12 May – Hans-Georg von der Marwitz, World War I German flying ace (born 1893)

June

 * 15 June – Richard Teichmann, (56) German chess master (born 1868)

October

 * Anna Schäffer, German woman who lived in Mindelstetten in Bavaria. Canonised by Pope Benedict XVI on 21 October 2012. (born 1882)
 * 9 October – Hugo Preuß, (64) German lawyer and liberal politician (born 1860

November

 * 14 November – Agnes Zimmermann, (78) German concert pianist and composer (born 1847)

December

 * 9 December – Herman Schalow, (73) German ornithologist (born 1852)

Date unknown

 * Martin Zander

title: 1925 in Germany


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/First settlers

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 07:11, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

First settlers
Vague overgeneral title about subject already covered in depth in History of the Strathfield area article. Rmhermen 15:20, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * I guess they bought one of those old models of the universe where everything revolves around Strathfield. delete as unnecessary duplication. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  15:47, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — RJH 17:37, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wyss 18:53, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete 220.244.224.72 18:13, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * That was me too. 220.244.224.72 16:57, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oops. The above two comments were from me. Capitalistroadster 15:14, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
User:Saraphim

Hi I'm Sarah! This is my page which, sadly, has no content More to come, possibly!

title: User:Saraphim


text:
Talk:John Nathan-Turner

Lime Grove Studios
Was Doctor Who still in Lime Grove in 1969? I thought they were all being done in TVC or Riverside by then? Angmering

 * According to ABHOTT and The Second Doctor Handbook, the last serial to be filmed at Lime Grove D (between 21.02.69 and 28.03.69) was The Space Pirates, which JNT (as John Turner) worked on as a floor assistant. --khaosworks 17:00, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Well that's fair enough then! :-) Angmering 13:57, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * ABHOTT makes no such claim. It quite specifically says only episode 1 was filmed at the Grove.  And the DW Locations Guide backs this up by saying Studio D was only used for one day.  So what I've never been particularly clear about is whether JNT worked at the Grove as a general floor assistant to whatever happened to be filming that day, or whether he was actually attached to Doctor Who specifically.  (His mid-1960s work in the BBC Costumes Department had not been programme-specific, but location specific, which is what makes me ponder.)  If it's the former, then he only worked for the one day on Episode 1, because after that "Pirates" shifted to TC4.   Czech Out   ☎ |  ✍  01:59, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Oh, and with the exception of The Dominators, every Troughton adventure from The Wheel in Space to The Space Pirates had at least some footage recorded at the Grove.

 * Sydney Newman, who had taken up Verity Lambert's crusade to get the hell out of Lime Grove — and secured it by threatening to stop production of Doctor Who — was nearing the end of his reign at the BBC by The Wheel in Space, and frankly, even if he had cared to fight about it again (instead of focusing his energies on creating Adam Adamant Lives!, the trick wouldn't have worked twice. The BBC Controller at the time, Michael Peacock, flatly turned down Innes Lloyd's request to move back to Riverside and then he threatened to take Doctor Who off the schedule.  That, combined with the fact that Lloyd was himself leaving for other projects, seemed to stop the bitchin' about Lime Grove for a few months.

 * Then, somehow, Peter Bryant — who had been like the third guy on the list of people to replace Lloyd — suddenly got the gift of freedom from Lime Grove dropped in his lap. At least, that's what it seems like, cause nobody ever really talks about Peter Bryant.  The dude is a cipher.  Is it that the BBC listened to him because he had been a member of The Grove Family?  Is it that his BBC Controller, Paul Fox, had been heavily involved with the British JFK assassination coverage and therefore felt a mystical affinity for the program, which led him to finally approve the move to TC?   Is it that Bryant had a talent to get things done quietly, like a good agent (which he would later become)?  Was it that he didn't fuss too much when he was asked to move around from one program to another, or to not get screen credit he was technically due?  I dunno.  But whatever happened, somehow, some way, the "Battle of Lime Grove", which had been exceptionally heated at several points in the 1960s just sort of ended.   I'd love to find out why some day.     Czech Out   ☎ |  ✍  02:38, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

JNT Picture
I'm the one who uploaded the free picture of JNT. It's a picture I took of him in Whovent 86 in.. I can't remember this second what city it was. Either Philadelphia or somewhere in New Jersey. Anyway, the original photograph that I scanned for this was pretty darned mangled 21 years later. I turned up the dust and scratch repair functions of my scanning program as high as they can go. It still made for a jpg that had some scratch damage. It doesn't look bad in the thumbnail on the JNT page itself, but if you look at the larger version, you can see it pretty clearly on the right side of the picture. If someone wants to take a stab at cleaning it up, let me know via my talk page. Thanks. Dopefish 17:54, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Weasel Words
Are there still any present in the article? If so, can someone please point them out, or better still remove them? DavidFarmbrough (talk) 11:33, 14 August 2008 (UTC)
 * After reading and tweaking without looking for too many new sources, I think there is still some weasel phrasings in this article. Can I pinpoint them? Not really, it is just the general feel I get from the amount of weight given to fan criticism. Maybe its more of an WP:Undue weight issue? Zue Jay (talk)  02:06, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

the criticism section is largely unreferenced
And let's be honest with ourselves, the fans don't care about the casual viewer except as a stick to beat JN-T (and Graham Williams) with, in order to prop up their messiah, Phillip Hinchcliffe. Paul Benjamin Austin (talk) 14:46, 1 November 2018 (UTC)

 * That would be a bit of a whitewash of the criticism of the show's most controversial producer, I would have thought. The '80s is usually seen as the programme's nadir (mentioned by Christopher Eccleston in his Friday Night with Jonathan Ross interview in 2005) and his production decisions are even criticised by Peter Davison and Janet Fielding on the DVDs of their era. Michael Grade and Jonathan Powell, whatever you think of them, are very successful people in British TV and they obviously had utter contempt for him. There must be a reason he never worked as a producer again after Doctor Who was cancelled. However, I have added Mark Ayres' comment about him for some balance, but even he admits "a lot of what John did didn't work". Rodericksilly (talk) 17:13, 5 May 2020 (UTC)

 * The problem is that much of the criticism and analysis over the years has come from fans and biased industry staff rather than objective outsiders viewing it through the general context of how things actually worked in the industry. And it's complicated by a contemporary fan base that was absorbing all the rumours and internal arguments in the 1980s in the way without parallel in the 1960s & 1970s - television has always been a stressful environment with disagreements, favourites and blackballing but the average row in the 1960s and 1970s didn't get covered in fanzines until decades later, even around the times when the series was facing cancellation (1965/6 & 1969/70). A lot of the DVD extras seem to have been produced by fans who grew up on a diet of DWB attacks on JNT and do seem to be aiming to flesh out the stories they grew up on and push for the negative. Had JNT lived even another seven years it's quite likely there would have been more balance, not least because he would have been able to address head on some of the specific criticisms. It's also become fashionable amongst cast and crew from earlier decades to bash the 1980s but it's hardly the only period of the series that did not find favour with previous crews - Verity Lambert's dislike of the Pertwee years springs to mind though it's not found in the article on Letts.
 * JNT never worked again as a producer in part because he had worked himself into a corner that was crumbling around him. He was brilliant at working the BBC system to get the best out of the budget but by 1990 the BBC was moving heavily towards outsourcing both production as a whole and individual resource departments and so his knowledge and skills were not easily transferable and also the BBC was actively trying to weed out the position of staff producer so were not rushing to assign series. Had he moved on in the mid 1980s he probably would have found success in the independent production companies but he stayed at the BBC too long. Timrollpickering (talk) 18:11, 5 May 2020 (UTC)

 * "A lot of the DVD extras seem to have been produced by fans who grew up on a diet of DWB attacks on JNT and do seem to be aiming to flesh out the stories they grew up on and push for the negative. Had JNT lived even another seven years it's quite likely there would have been more balance, not least because he would have been able to address head on some of the specific criticisms." Actually, the DVD of Greatest Show in the Galaxy, where I got the Ayres comment from, is very kind towards Nathan-Turner, with everyone acknowledging he - more than anyone else - saved that particular production and it was one of his finest hours. But the biggest problem with Nathan-Turner, it seems to me, was that he had somehow got himself into the wrong department of the BBC. He'd have been a brilliant light entertainment producer but he wasn't really cut out for drama. The silly costumes, daft guest stars (with the perhaps sole exception of Nicholas Parsons, who surprised everyone) and his dependence on the script editors due to his lack of interest in storytelling all meant it was easy to kill off the show in the end. Rodericksilly (talk) 21:13, 5 May 2020 (UTC)

 * The Greatest Show DVD is something of an exception to the pattern, in large part because JNT's role in ensuring the story was completed at all is hard to brush over. As for the rest, this talk page is for discussing improving the article (including problems with the sources and details of the environment the subject was in), not foruming about the subject. Timrollpickering (talk) 21:50, 5 May 2020 (UTC)

 * With respect, your post did a lot more foruming than mine and was a hell of a lot longer. Rodericksilly (talk) 21:55, 5 May 2020 (UTC)

liver failure
Can we not just leave out the contentious content?--  Deep fried  okra    21:28, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/5132026.stars-tribute-to-doctor-who-kingpin/ Guy (help!) 23:51, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

That book

 * https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/mar/22/jnt-scandalous-doctor-who-review establishes the significance and credibility of the source
 * https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/doctor-who-sex-scandal-claims-1783650
 * https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=10873666

Any sources for the final outcome? Or was it all dropped because he was dead? Guy (help!) 23:46, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Nathan-Turner


text:
Tangata whenua

In New Zealand, tangata whenua is a Māori term that translates to "people of the land". It can refer to either a specific group of people with historical claims to a district, or more broadly the Māori people as a whole.

Etymology
According to Williams' definitive Dictionary of the Māori Language, tangata means "man" or "human being", whilst tāngata (with the macronated "ā") is the plural, and means "people". Tangata—without the macron—can also mean "people" in reference to a group with a singular identity.

Whenua means both "land" and "placenta" (again referencing Williams, who lists five definitions). It is an ancient Austronesian word with cognates across the Malayo-Polynesian world, from Malay benua (now meaning "continent"), Visayan *banwa and to Rapa Nui henua; ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *banua. Unlike European thought, wherein people own land, in the Māori worldview the land is regarded as a mother to the people. The relationship to land is not dissimilar to that of the foetus to the placenta. In addition, there are certain Māori rituals involving burying the afterbirth of a newborn in ancestral land, which may further illustrate the word whenua meaning both "land" and "placenta".

Contexts

 * In the context of tribal descent and ownership of land, tangata whenua are the people who descend from the first people to settle the land of the district; the mana may reside with later arrivals.
 * At a particular marae, the tangata whenua are the owners of the marae, in contradistinction to the manuhiri (guests). After the welcoming ceremony on a marae, the guests may be afforded the temporary, honorary status of tangata whenua, and may even be invited to participate as locals as the ceremonies continue.
 * Tangata whenua has also become a New Zealand English term with specific legal status.

Law and custom
The indigenous peoples of New Zealand may be divided into three levels of kinship, on which traditional governance was based.

Whānau
The smallest level, whānau, is what Westerners would consider the extended family, perhaps descended from a common great-grandparent. Traditionally a whānau would hold in common their food store (their forest or bush for hunting birds and gathering or growing plant foods, and a part of the sea, a river or a lake for gathering eels, fish, shellfish, and other seafood). These food stores were fiercely protected: when one's resources could no longer support a growing whānau, war with a neighbouring tribe might eventuate.

Hapū
The next level, hapū (sub-tribe), is a group of several related whānau, and was traditionally the primary governance unit. In war, and when decisions needed to be made in negotiations with outside tribes, whānau leaders would gather and the hapū would make collective decisions.

Iwi
Several (or many) hapū can trace their ancestry, usually on the male line, back to a particular waka, the ocean-going canoe upon which the common ancestors of that tribe arrived in Aotearoa New Zealand, and this unified level is called the iwi. Until the British arrived, the iwi was not a governance unit, but was, among other things, a way to establish kinship and commonality—a kind of "who's who". For example, it is part of the formal greeting ceremony of "pōwhiri" when one group visits another.

However, under British and subsequent New Zealand law, typically an iwi forms itself into a legally recognised entity, and under the Treaty of Waitangi these entities are accorded special rights and obligations under New Zealand law, when they are recognised as tangata whenua. Iwi must have a provable relationship with a specific area of geography, and if this is acknowledged by the national or local authority, they become the legal tangata whenua. (Some areas may have several groups given tangata whenua status, which can make the process more complex).

When, for example, a major real-estate development is proposed to the territorial authority, the tangata whenua must be consulted, although the mere fact that "consultation" take place does not mean that the views of the tangata whenua will necessarily be listened to. When bones are found, the tangata whenua are supposed to be called. In addition to these sorts of legally mandated requirements, when a person wishes to have land blessed, or when a sudden death occurs, an elder (kaumātua or tohunga) of the tangata whenua may be asked to perform a cleansing ritual.

Tangata tiriti
The notion of tangata whenua is sometimes contrasted with tangata tiriti—literally, "the people of the Treaty". The latter term refers to non-indigenous New Zealanders who are in the country by virtue of the Treaty of Waitangi. Although some see it as close to (but not necessarily synonymous with) the term pākehā, the peoples who have arrived through the auspices of the monarchs of Great Britain and then of New Zealand range in ethnicity, ancestry and roots from most parts of the world including the continents of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas, as well as many islands in the Pacific. As used notably by Judge Eddie Durie, the notion of tangata tiriti underlines partnership and acceptance. Unlike tangata whenua, the term tangata tiriti is not commonly used in New Zealand.

title: Tangata whenua


text:
Accidental Empires

Accidental Empires: How the Boys of Silicon Valley Make Their Millions, Battle Foreign Competition, and Still Can't Get a Date (1992, 1996), is a book written by Mark Stephens under the pen name Robert X. Cringely about the founding of the personal computer industry and the history of Silicon Valley.

The style of Accidental Empires is informal, and in the first chapter Cringley claims that he is not a historian but an explainer, and that "historians have a harder job because they can be faulted for what is left out; explainers like me can get away with printing only the juicy parts." Notably, the book was critical of Steve Jobs and Apple, as well as Bill Gates and Microsoft. The book described how companies in the technology industry were built and critiqued the public-relation campaigns that explained such narratives.

The book was revised and republished in 1996, with new material added. A documentary based on the book, called Triumph of the Nerds: The Rise of Accidental Empires was aired on PBS in 1996, with Cringely as the presenter. In November of 2011, a film based on the miniseries called Steve Jobs: The Lost Interview, was exhibited at the Landmark Theatres. It included the missing footage of the interview that Jobs did with Cringely in 1995 for the PBS documentary.

In February 2012, Cringely wrote on his blog that he will republish the book online, free for all to read.

Release details

 * 1991, United States, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc ISBN 978-0-441-00652-6, Pub date February 1992 Hardback
 * 1993, United States, HarperCollins ISBN 978-0-88730-621-1, Pub date February 1993, Paperback
 * 1996, United States, HarperCollins ISBN 978-0-88730-855-0, Pub date October 23, 1996, Hardback
 * 1996, United States, Penguin Books Ltd ISBN 978-0-14-025826-4, Pub date April 4, 1996, Paperback

title: Accidental Empires