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WMAQ-TV

WMAQ-TV (channel 5) is a television station in Chicago, Illinois, United States, serving as the market's NBC outlet. It is owned and operated by the network's NBC Owned Television Stations division alongside Telemundo station WSNS-TV (channel 44); it is also sister to regional sports network NBC Sports Chicago. WMAQ-TV and WSNS-TV share studios at the NBC Tower on North Columbus Drive in the city's Streeterville neighborhood; both stations are broadcast from the same transmitter atop the Willis Tower in the Chicago Loop.

Early years (1948–1964)
The station first signed on the air on October 8, 1948, as WNBQ; it was the fourth television station to sign on in Chicago. It was also the third of NBC's five original owned-and-operated television stations to begin operations, after WNBC-TV in New York City and WRC-TV in Washington, D.C., and before WKYC in Cleveland and KNBC in Los Angeles. WNBQ initially broadcast a minimum of two hours of programming per day.

The station originally proposed WNBY as its call letters. However, at NBC's request, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved an application filed by the network to change the station's calls to WNBQ. This move was announced on March 3, 1948.

NBC officials cited the need to avoid possible confusion with WMBI (1110 AM, now WXES) and to obtain a callsign that was closer to co-owned NBC Red Network radio station WMAQ (670 AM, now WSCR) and WMAQ-FM (101.1, now WKQX) as the reasons for the change.

The station's first mid-week broadcast occurred the month following its sign-on when Paul Winchell and Joseph Dunninger were featured on the NBC variety series, The Floor Show. The half-hour program was recorded via kinescope and rebroadcast on WNBQ at 8:30 p.m. on Thursdays.

WNBQ originated several programs for the NBC television network from its original studio facilities—a 170000 sqft studio on the 19th floor of the Merchandise Mart on the city's Near North Side—during the 1950s, including Kukla, Fran and Ollie, featuring Burr Tillstrom and Fran Allison; Garroway at Large, starring Dave Garroway; and Studs' Place, hosted by Studs Terkel. Television critics referred to the broadcasts—often low-budget with few celebrity guests but a good deal of inventiveness—as examples of the "Chicago School of Television".

Reborn as WMAQ-TV (1964–1995)
Although NBC had long owned the WMAQ radio stations, the television station continued to maintain call letters separate from those used by its co-owned radio outlets; this changed on August 31, 1964, when the network changed the station's calls to WMAQ-TV.

The call letters of its sister radio station were initially assigned by the government but were creatively used to form the phrase "We Must Ask Questions", which the radio station took as its motto in the 1920s. Although the station's role as a program provider to NBC diminished in the 1960s, WMAQ-TV gathered and distributed more than 200 news footage feeds per month from overseas and the Central United States to NBC News.

On December 3, 1985, NBC signed a $100 million+ agreement to lease office space in a three-story annex to the north of a planned 34-story, 1000000 sqft skyscraper—a project developed by the Equitable Life Assurance Society and Tishman-Speyer Properties—that would be constructed as part of the Cityfront Center development on the northwest corner of Columbus Drive and North Water Street, in which WMAQ-TV's operations would occupy 251000 sqft of the building. Under the plans for the project, NBC was given the option of acquiring an approximately 25% interest in the building. On October 1, 1989, after 40 years at the Merchandise Mart, the station officially relocated its operations and began broadcasting from the NBC Tower, located on 455 North Columbus Drive, six blocks east of the Mart.

In the spring of 1992, the NBC-owned television stations, including WMAQ-TV, announced that they would no longer air paid programming. The last local infomercial aired on the station was a local weekly real estate show aired in 1992. Paid programming has since returned in a much more reduced capacity, but as an NBC O&O with a fully-filled schedule otherwise on weekdays, is usually limited to overnights on weekends and occasional Sunday mornings.

1995–present
On April 10, 1998, Rev. Michael Pfleger, a priest at St. Sabina Church in Auburn Gresham and a group of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish leaders and clergy as part of the "Dump Jerry Springer!" coalition, called for a viewer and advertiser boycott of WMAQ-TV due to one of its syndicated shows, The Jerry Springer Show, which was filmed at the station's NBC Tower studios until 2009. On April 23, 1998, Pfleger and the coalition organized a rally at the station's NBC Tower studios. On May 1, 1998, WMAQ-TV announced that they would cancel the show. Studios USA (now NBCUniversal Syndication Studios), one of the show's distributors, said that the show would move to Fox-owned WFLD the following month. The show moved production to Stamford, Connecticut, in 2009, and ended in 2018.

On June 5, 2000, to improve station reception, the station extended its Sears Tower (now Willis Tower) transmitter's western antenna height to 1730 ft. In July 2000, NBC entered into a local marketing agreement (LMA) with WCPX-TV (channel 38) that indirectly resulted from NBC's partial ownership interest in WCPX-TV network partner Pax TV (now Ion Television) and a related management agreement with that network's owned-and-operated stations. Under the LMA, the two stations shared certain programs, while WMAQ handled advertising sales services for channel 38. The agreement also allowed WCPX to air rebroadcasts of channel 5's 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. newscasts on a half-hour delay. The LMA ended on July 1, 2005, upon Pax's rebranding as i: Independent Television.

On September 6, 2003, WMAQ agreed to lease 4000 sqft of space at the Equitable Building at 401 North Michigan Avenue (one block east of the NBC Tower), with the intent to build a streetside studio for the Chicago market, the first to be used for live broadcasting purposes by a Chicago television station. On February 26, 2004, WMAQ-TV garnered national attention when Katie Couric, Al Roker, and Lester Holt hosted the Today show on Cityfront Plaza to unveil the new studio (known as "Studio 5") at the building's northwest corner. The station's morning and noon newscasts were broadcast from the Michigan Avenue facility until February 2013, when the studio was closed and the space within the 401 Michigan Avenue building was put up for sale, at which time production of both newscasts was moved back to the NBC Tower.

In November 2007, the FCC proposed to fine WMAQ-TV $10,000 for "failure to publicize the existence and location of its children's television programming reports" because the station did not keep adequate records on commercial limits in children's TV programs.

In the fall of 2008, WMAQ-TV's website was relaunched, including a new layout, as part of a larger revamp of the websites of NBC's entire owned-and-operated station group.

In December 2009, the Chicago local division of the National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians-Communication Workers of America (NABET) launched a boycott of WMAQ-TV. The station spokeswoman told Lewis Lazare of the Chicago Sun-Times that they did not comment on the labor-related issues affecting the station. In October 1994, prior to the boycott of the station, the union, along with Republican candidate George Larney, had joined forces to boycott WMAQ-TV due to its negotiations involving its national contract with the network. In the summer of 1987, a handful of technicians at WMAQ-TV, WMAQ radio, and WKQX went on strike; technicians at other NBC-owned stations in New York, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., and Cleveland also went on strike as a result.

On January 18, 2011, the FCC and the Department of Justice approved the acquisition of WMAQ-TV's parent company NBCUniversal by Comcast (one of the largest cable providers in Chicago), with the deal being closed on January 28. As a result, WMAQ, WSNS, and regional sports network Comcast SportsNet Chicago (now NBC Sports Chicago) became sister stations. On March 18, 2013, longtime WVIT president and general manager David Doebler was appointed president and general manager of WMAQ-TV, replacing longtime president and general manager Larry Wert, who later became president of WGN-TV's parent Tribune Broadcasting.

On February 3, 2012, the station rejected a political advertisement that contained anti-abortion talking points from activist and Democratic presidential candidate Randall Terry to air during Super Bowl XLVI. With the FCC's approval, the station determined that Terry did not have the bona fides of a serious candidate. The ad included the term "Democrat Party", which the Democratic National Committee considers a pejorative label, and it was contrary to the party's pro-choice platform in general.

In February 2015, WMAQ and the other NBC-owned stations offered live, web-based streaming of programming to subscribers of participating cable and satellite television providers, as provided through TV Everywhere Mobile apps. A month later, in March 2015, WMAQ, WSNS, and Comcast SportsNet Chicago, along with sister stations in New York City, Los Angeles, Dallas–Fort Worth, Miami, Philadelphia, and San Francisco, went live on Sony's internet television service PlayStation Vue as part of its Access package. Two years later, in April 2017, WMAQ-TV, WSNS and NBC Sports Chicago, along with sister stations in New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and San Francisco, went live on YouTube TV.

On April 20, 2021, Kevin Cross, the senior vice president and general manager of NBC Sports Chicago, was officially appointed as president and general manager of WMAQ-TV, beginning in June, taking over from David Doebler, who retired after eight years at the station. Cross became the first president of NBCUniversal's Chicago broadcasting properties and the second Black president of the station in 25 years.

Syndicated programming
, syndicated programming broadcast by WMAQ-TV includes Access Hollywood (including its afternoon counterpart) and The Kelly Clarkson Show (all of which being distributed by corporate sister NBCUniversal Syndication Studios).

Programming irregularities

 * WMAQ-TV was one of four NBC-owned stations (along with sister stations WCAU in Philadelphia, WRC-TV in Washington, D.C. and KNSD in San Diego) that did not carry Access Hollywood Live. The talk show spin-off of Access Hollywood aired from the program's NBC O&O debut in September 2010 until September 2014, when all four stations dropped the program due to low local viewership in those markets.
 * On September 17, 2015, WMAQ-TV and the City of Chicago announced a partnership to broadcast the city's New Year's Eve celebrations entitled Chi-Town Rising, a special also syndicated to NBC affiliates across the Midwest. The inaugural, 2015–16 edition began on December 31, 2015, became the highest-rated New Year's Eve television event with a 12.2 household rating, and an 11.2 to 14.7 rating among the age group of 25-54. On September 1, 2016, it was announced the event would return for 2016–17, which began December 31, 2016. The New Year's Eve event was watched by 335,911 households and gained a 9.7 rating and 25 share but lost to WLS-TV's "Countdown Chicago 2017" which had 425,949 households, a 12.3 rating, and a 31 share. On September 11, 2017, WMAQ-TV, Arena Partners and Choose Chicago announced that Chi-Town Rising would not return for 2017. The station had numerous replacement specials including New Year's Eve Live in Chicago from 2017 to 2020 (later remained as New Year's Eve in Chicago for 2020–21 due to the COVID-19 pandemic), and A Very Chicago New Year beginning in 2021.

Bank of America Chicago Marathon and Bank of America Shamrock Shuffle 8K
From 2001 to 2002, and again since 2008 (with the exception of 2020 due to the event's cancellation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic), WMAQ has served as an official broadcaster of the Chicago Marathon, which is held annually every second Sunday in October. Because of its commitments to air the event, the station has had to reschedule NBC News programs preempted or delayed by the telecast of the marathon. Since 2012, WMAQ, through their station's official website NBCChicago.com, currently serves as an official web broadcaster of the Bank of America Shamrock Shuffle. On June 15, 2017, the Bank of America Chicago Marathon, the Bank of America Shamrock Shuffle 8K, and WMAQ-TV announced they will extend their partnership. Sister Telemundo station WSNS-TV announced they would air the marathon in Spanish beginning with the 40th anniversary of the running of the marathon on October 8, 2017. On December 10, 2020, the marathon, the 8K shuffle, WMAQ and WSNS announced that they will extend their partnership again for three more years beginning in 2021 and will cover it through least 2023.

Chicago Fire Soccer Club
In 2012, WMAQ-TV partnered with the Chicago Fire Soccer Club (now Chicago Fire FC) to carry its matches in the 2012 season live on its NBC Chicago Nonstop subchannel. The local free-to-air rights to the Chicago Fire Soccer Club matches moved to WPWR-TV in 2013.

Chicago Blackhawks and Bulls
In 2023, WMAQ will simulcast two Blackhawks and two Bulls game broadcast by sister network NBC Sports Chicago.

News operation
WMAQ-TV presently broadcasts 41 hours, and 25 minutes of locally produced newscasts each week (with 6 hours, 35 minutes each weekday, four hours on Saturdays, and 4½ hours on Sundays). In addition, the station produces the half-hour sports highlight program Sports Sunday, which airs Sunday evenings after the 10 p.m. newscast.

1990s
In January 1991, WMAQ announced plans to launch the Suburban News Source, a 24-hour local cable news channel featuring 4½-minute-long inserts of news headlines specific to suburban localities, placed within live simulcasts of the station's noon, 4 p.m., and 6 p.m. newscasts. Originally scheduled to debut on January 14, 1991, the service was to be distributed to Centel Videopath systems in Chicago's northern, northwestern, and southern suburbs. However, the service's launch was postponed three times due to logistical issues and demands by cable providers to gain a share of the service's advertising revenues. Station management scrapped plans for the channel in June 1991.

On August 24, 1998, WMAQ debuted NBC 5 Chicago Daytime, a one-hour daily lifestyle and entertainment show. The program was hosted by Rosati and Nesita Kwan alongside meteorologist Byron Miranda. The show was reduced to a half-hour on April 26, 1999.

In the spring of 1999, after negotiations between WMAQ-TV management and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA), nearly all of the station's on-air talent went on strike. On March 30, 1999, the station's on-air talent planned to authorize a strike vote, if a bargaining session with the station scheduled for late April failed. On May 14, 1999, four of the station's high-profile personalities—including 6 p.m. & 10 p.m. anchor Allison Rosati, chief meteorologist Brant Miller, sports anchor Mike Adamle and weekend evening meteorologist Shelly Monahan—broke ranks with the union, following the strike authorization vote.

2000s
In early fall 2006, additional changes were made to WMAQ's early evening lineup. On September 18, the station moved the afternoon newscast, with Sirott and Brooks, to 4 p.m. and moved the newsmagazine show Extra to 4:30 pm. The early evening newscast remained at 5 pm. A week later on September 25, 2006, Saunders and Rosati were promoted to anchor the 5 p.m. newscasts.

On January 14, 2008, WMAQ-TV became the second television station in the Chicago market (after WLS-TV) to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition. Only in-studio footage and some of the remote footage, from the field, were presented in HD, while most remote footage was in standard definition, using a mixture of 16:9 (widescreen) and 4:3 cameras.

In March 2008, Johnson was demoted from the weekday newscast but continued his reporting work; Elgas was promoted to weekday morning anchor. On January 12, 2009, WMAQ and Fox owned-and-operated station WFLD entered into a Local News Service agreement, in which the two stations would share helicopter footage. This agreement reportedly paved the way for a larger pooling effort between the two stations. In spring 2009, WMAQ-TV laid off an undisclosed number of employees. In addition, they canceled the Sunday morning newscasts due to budget cuts at the station. The Sunday morning newscasts were revived on November 7, 2010.

In May 2009, the station announced that it would conclude the public affairs program City Desk after 57 years; the show had its final broadcast on May 17, 2009. Two weeks later, on May 31, 2009, The Talk debuted on WMAQ with Brooks as host. Prior to this, Sunday morning anchor Ellee Pai Hong left the station after six years. On June 12, 2009, Bob Sirott left WMAQ-TV for the second time, as his contract with the station had not been renewed. Later, on July 29, 2009, Davlantes' contract with the station was not renewed. On August 10, 2009, WMAQ promoted Stafford to main anchor. He, along with Rosati, co-anchored the 5 pm, 6 p.m., and 10 p.m. newscasts.

For years, WMAQ-TV's 10 p.m. newscast was in second place behind WBBM-TV and, later, WLS-TV, with WBBM-TV third. At the conclusion of the November 2009 Nielsen ratings sweeps period, WBBM-TV's 10 p.m. newscast overtook WMAQ-TV for second place for the first time in many years, largely due to the low ratings of the latter station's lead-in The Jay Leno Show, as WLS-TV continued to dominate the local newscast ratings in the Chicago market.

For five years, beginning in 2006 when WMAQ canceled its 11 a.m. newscast, WMAQ differed from most NBC stations in the Central Time Zone in that it did not carry a newscast in the weekday midday time period. This changed on September 12, 2011, when it debuted a half-hour newscast at noon (the program returned to 11 a.m. when it was reformatted as an hour-long newscast on September 8, 2014). On December 6, 2011, WMAQ-TV announced a partnership with The Chicago Reporter as part of a larger effort by NBCUniversal to partner with non-profit news organizations, following its acquisition by Comcast.

2010s
In January 2012, WMAQ-TV announced testing a news partnership with Merlin Media's WIQI (now WKQX) to use audio from all of WMAQ-TV's newscasts, including morning, noon, afternoon, 5 p.m., 6 p.m., and 10 p.m. newscasts, as well as the sharing of assignments and online content between the two stations. The news partnership ended on July 17, 2012, when WIQI switched to an adult hits format, branded as "i101".

On July 27, 2013, WMAQ expanded its weekend morning newscasts, with the early edition of the program on both days expanding to two hours with the addition of an hour-long broadcast at 5 a.m. (from a previous 6 a.m. start) and an additional half-hour added at 10 a.m. on Sundays. On February 9, 2014, the Chicago Sun-Times announced that it would end its content partnership with WMAQ-TV, and enter into a new content agreement with ABC-owned station WLS-TV on February 10, 2014. In 2015, WMAQ became the first television station in the Chicago market to upgrade its news helicopter's camera system to shoot footage in ultra high definition. On August 24, 2015, WMAQ expanded its weekday morning newscast to three hours, with the addition of a half-hour at 4 am, becoming the second Chicago television station to expand into the timeslot – possibly to compete with WGN-TV, which began expanding its weekday morning newscast into the time period in July 2011.

On August 8, 2016, the station's hour-long 4 p.m. newscast was revived after a 21-year absence, serving as a replacement for Extra, which moved to WFLD after a 20-year absence. WMAQ-TV became the third station in Chicago to expand into the time period, following WGN-TV (which began its 4 p.m. newscast in September 2014) and WLS-TV (which began expanding into the time period in the 1980s), indicating a decreased reliance on syndicated programming. With this addition, WMAQ-TV was reduced to only three hours of syndicated daytime shows to back up its newscasts outside of NBC network programming.

On August 23, 2019, WMAQ-TV announced that they were cutting the 11 a.m. newscast to a half-hour on Fridays in favor of its new lifestyle show Chicago Today effective September 6 (The Monday to Thursday editions later cut them to 45 minutes on December 6, 2021, on a temporary basis during the holiday season; then it became permanent on January 3, 2022 ).

2020s
On March 16, 2020, WMAQ-TV announced that the 6 p.m. newscast would expand to a full hour with a half-hour extension at 6:30 pm, making channel 5 the second station in Chicago to have a 6:30 p.m. newscast (after WGN-TV's hour-long 6 p.m. weeknight newscast which debuted in 2017). This extension was intended to be temporary due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

On January 20, 2022, WMAQ-TV launched a new 24-hour streaming channel on NBCUniversal's streaming service Peacock. "NBC Chicago News" features simulcasts and encores of the station's newscasts as well as original content made for the channel. Prior to the launch of the streaming channel, the station had a curated playlist available on the streaming service since its April 2020 launch. The streaming channel was later launched on The Roku Channel on June 28, 2022.

Notable current on-air staff

 * Steve Dolinsky – food reporter
 * Mark Giangreco – A Very Chicago New Year host (formerly served as sports anchor from 1982 to 1994)
 * Stefan Holt – anchor; also the son of NBC Nightly News anchor Lester Holt
 * David Kaplan – contributor
 * Brant Miller (AMS Seal of Approval) – chief meteorologist
 * Leila Rahimi – sports anchor (also with WSCR-AM)
 * Allison Rosati – anchor
 * Rob Stafford – anchor; also investigative reporter

Notable former on-air staff

 * undefined Indicates deceased

 * Mike Adamle (retired)
 * Jackie Bange (now at WGN-TV)
 * Jonathon Brandmeier
 * Danny Bonaduce
 * Susan Carlson (now a voice-over artist)
 * John Coleman
 * Chet Coppock
 * Jim Cummins
 * Anna Davlantes (now at WGN-AM)
 * Billy Dec (now Founder and CEO of Rockit Ranch Productions)
 * Jill Dougherty (now at CNN)
 * Alex Dreier
 * Tom Duggan
 * Roger Ebert
 * Russ Ewing
 * Paula Faris (now at ABC News)
 * Tsi-Tsi-Ki Felix
 * Greg Gumbel (now at CBS Sports)
 * Daniella Guzman (now at KPRC-TV in Houston)
 * Steve Handelsman (retired)
 * Chuck Henry (later at KNBC in Los Angeles; now retired)
 * Cassidy Hubbarth (now at ESPN as host of NBA Tonight and co-anchor of SportsCenter)
 * Amy Jacobson
 * Walter Jacobson (later at WBBM-TV, then WFLD; now retired)
 * Dick Johnson
 * Floyd Kalber
 * Jon Kelley (now host of Funny You Should Ask)
 * Sarah Kustok (now at YES Network)
 * Don Lemon (later at CNN from 2006 to 2023)
 * Tammy Leitner (now NBC News Investigative reporter)
 * Shelley Long
 * Ron Magers (later at WLS-TV; now retired)
 * Carol Marin (now as a co-director and co-founder of Depaul University Center for Journalism Integrity & Excellence)
 * Robin Meade (now at HLN)
 * Erin Moriarty (now at CBS News)
 * Johnny Morris (later with WBBM-TV and WFLD-TV; now retired)
 * Byron Miranda (now at WPIX in New York City)
 * Deborah Norville (now host of Inside Edition)
 * Mike North
 * Pat O'Brien
 * Anita Padilla (now at WFLD)
 * John Palmer
 * Jane Pauley (now at CBS News)
 * Maury Povich (now host of the syndicated talk show Maury)
 * Cindy Preszler (now at WFOR-TV in Miami)
 * Ash-har Quraishi (now at E. W. Scripps Company as a national correspondent)
 * Carol Anne Riddell (later at WNBC)
 * Max Robinson
 * Zoraida Sambolin
 * Warner Saunders
 * Mark Schanowski (now at NBC Sports Chicago and WLS-TV)
 * Carole Simpson (later at NBC News and then at ABC News)
 * Bob Sirott (now at WGN-AM)
 * Jerry Springer (news commentator in 1997 for two appearances until he resigned, while he was hosting his now-defunct syndicated talk show)
 * Tammie Souza
 * Amy Stone
 * Ray Suarez
 * Mark Suppelsa (later at WFLD and WGN-TV; now retired)
 * Jerry Taft
 * Martha Teichner (now at CBS News)
 * Charlie Van Dyke (now a radio and television announcer, WMAQ served as one of his television station clients from 1994 to 1997)
 * Harry Volkman
 * Jenniffer Weigel
 * Tim Weigel
 * Bruce Wolf
 * Linda Yu (later at WLS-TV; now retired)
 * Ginger Zee (now at ABC News)

Community outreach
Carol Cooling-Kopp, WMAQ-TV's longtime community relations assistant and longtime vice president for Special Projects & Community Relations died on October 30, 2013, after a battle with Lung Cancer; longtime WVIT Community Projects director Emma Asante appointed as WMAQ-TV's Vice President for Special Projects & Community Relations in March 2014, following her death.

Wednesday's Child
In 1999, WMAQ-TV partnered with the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services and the Freddie Mac Foundation to create a news series called Wednesday's Child, which is aired on the 6 p.m. newscast on Wednesdays and on the Sunday morning newscasts. The mission of the news series is to bring the children to the living rooms of about 500,000 Chicago area residents that have never adopted. Allison Rosati, a former foster child, served as a host for the news series, and remained until their last report in 2005.

Bruce Sagan and Lee O'Conner
Veteran newsman Len O'Connor worked his way up from a news writer for NBC Radio's Blue Network to be the commentator at WMAQ-TV. O'Connor, who was well known for his often-acerbic political commentary, ran afoul of the station's management in 1974, when he reported on Governor Dan Walker's appointment of Bruce Sagan as head of the Illinois Arts Council. O'Connor was troubled by the council's funding grant to the Chicago Dance Foundation, which was headed by Sagan's wife. Following O'Connor's original, January 1974 commentary on the grant, Sagan was invited to appear on the station and rebut O'Connor's statements. He declined and subsequently filed a complaint with the FCC in May 1974. Sagan claimed that he had been personally attacked and felt that the station was not enforcing the FCC's Fairness Doctrine. He was again offered an opportunity to refute O'Connor's comments but declined once again after the FCC dismissed the charges he levied. Sagan appealed the FCC's decision, and O'Connor believed that the company's attorneys had secretly met with Sagan and offered him airtime in exchange for Sagan withdrawing his appeal. WMAQ-TV management stated that they had been open with O'Connor on the matter.

O'Connor proceeded to deliver three commentaries on the 10 p.m. newscast from September 25 to 27, 1974, which were severely critical of the situation's handling by WMAQ-TV station management. In the commentaries, O'Connor claimed he had been deprived of his freedom of speech, that the station compromised his integrity, and that station management had made secret plans to fire him within a short time after his broadcasts. O'Connor left the station and continued his political commentaries, on WGN-TV, until his retirement from broadcasting in 1980.

Disappearance of Joanna Lopez
On January 14, 1989, a missing persons poster with a grainy black-and-white photo of Joanna Lopez, a presumably Hispanic adolescent, and a white banner reading "MISSING" in black letters was displayed after the station signed off. Below the banner was her name and an outdated Chicago Police Department youth division phone number. This very same poster was displayed in 1991 for a much shorter time than the original 1989 broadcast, but Lopez's whereabouts have never been discovered and there have been no leads since. This has been subject to controversy within the online community with frequent YouTube deciphers and conspiracy posts to online applications such as Reddit, Quora, and others.

Hiring of Jerry Springer
WMAQ achieved notoriety in 1997 when, in an effort to boost ratings for its newscasts, the station hired Jerry Springer as a commentator.

Though Springer was once a two-term mayor of Cincinnati before becoming a news anchor for that city's NBC affiliate WLWT, his association with his infamous syndicated talk show (which, until 2009, was recorded at WMAQ's NBC Tower studios, and later distributed by NBCUniversal through its syndication division) led to the belief that the newscast was being dumbed down. There were a handful of Springer supporters; nevertheless, the incident triggered a lot of negative publicity, on both the local and national levels. The station's longtime anchor team of Carol Marin and Ron Magers resigned in protest (with Marin resigning on May 1, and Magers following suit on May 16). As Marin signed off her last newscast, station personnel stood en masse in the newsroom behind her—WMAQ's newscasts at that time originated from a studio that opened into the station's newsroom—in a symbolic show of support for her decision to resign. Ratings declined, with the station's newscasts losing 20% of its audience share by the November 1997 sweeps period. Springer only made two commentaries before he resigned on May 8, feeling unhappy with the criticism he received.

Magers wound up at rival WLS-TV, where he remained until his retirement in 2016. Marin, meanwhile, joined rival WBBM-TV, while contributing reports for CBS News, before returning to WMAQ in 2004 as a special correspondent until she stepped down from the station for the second time in 2020. Lyle Banks, who had hired Springer as a commentator, was fired from his position as general manager in January 1998 and was replaced by Larry Wert, who served as WMAQ's president and general manager until 2013, when he left to become president of WGN-TV parent Tribune Broadcasting. Five months later, on May 20, 1998, Cheatwood resigned as news director and was replaced by former WLS-TV news director Frank Whittaker, who served as WMAQ's news director until 1999, when he was promoted to vice president of news, where he remains today.

Amy Jacobson and Craig Stebic
On July 10, 2007, Amy Jacobson, who had been a reporter at WMAQ-TV since 1997, negotiated her exit with the station, after the release of a videotape in which she and her two sons were spotted at the home of Craig Stebic, with Jacobson clad in a bikini. Craig's wife, Lisa Stebic, was missing and had not been found as of that date. The incident raised the issue whether Jacobson crossed a journalistic ethical line by being friendly with the subject of the story. The video of Jacobson at Craig Stebic's home was obtained by rival WBBM-TV, either taken by or given to its news department, which posted the entire six-minute video on its website. In 2008, Jacobson filed a libel lawsuit against WBBM for $1 million after the video was posted. The suit was thrown out by an Illinois judge in July 2013.

Pat Quinn campaign commercial
In October 2014, WMAQ-TV strongly objected to a video clip from one of its news reports appearing in a commercial for Governor Pat Quinn's re-election campaign. The commercial included an excerpt from a news report about Bruce Rauner, and an audio clip of reporter Carol Marin, based on the joint investigation by the station and its former news partner the Chicago Sun-Times—reported by Marin, producer Don Moseley, and Sun-Times political reporter Dave McKinney—into Rauner's business practices. On October 10, 2014, the station released a statement on the 10 p.m. newscast, and on the station's website, that said that the station is required by law to air campaign commercials bought by bona fide candidates for public office and the commercial is not an endorsement of Governor Quinn by Marin and WMAQ-TV.

Death of JongHyun
On December 19, 2017, during the station's morning newscast, the station mistakenly ran a video of South Korean pop group BTS, from their appearance on the syndicated program The Ellen DeGeneres Show in November, while reporting on the death of SHINee's founding member JongHyun. Fans of the respective K-pop groups commented on social media, using the hashtag #NBCChicagoApologize, with the hashtag trending worldwide on Twitter. The station apologized for the mistake on the morning newscast and on the station's social media accounts the next day.

In popular culture

 * In the 1986 action-comedy film Running Scared, the billboard of the station's news team including John Coleman, Ron Magers, Carol Marin, Deborah Norville, Mark Giangreco, Jim Ruddle, and Warner Saunders are shown.
 * The 1992–1995 station logo seen in the Sears Skate on State ice rink is shown during the title sequence of the 1995 comedy film While You Were Sleeping.
 * Most of the station's former 2000–2012 news set was used in Nicolas Cage's 2005 drama film The Weather Man, although the station's news branding and graphics were not used.
 * The NBC 5 News branding and logo are seen in the mic flags and the news van is occasionally shown in the Chicago franchise, as well as the long-running medical drama ER.
 * In the 2021 Netflix comedy action film Thunder Force, the station's 2012 logo is shown as a mic flag.

Subchannels
{{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}} Subchannel broadcast with MPEG-4 video

WMAQ-DT2
In January 2005, WMAQ launched digital subchannel 5.2 as a charter affiliate of NBC Weather Plus. On December 1, 2008, the weather network ceased national broadcasts, although afterward, as NBC Plus, the subchannel continued to provide local weather maps and traffic reports, as well as "raw" coverage of various live events, including Barack Obama's victory rally in Grant Park and Governor Rod Blagojevich's impeachment trial. On November 1, 2010, WMAQ launched NBC Chicago Nonstop, a news and lifestyle network featuring local programming and programs produced by corporate sister LXTV. NBC Nonstop was relaunched as Cozi TV, which soft-launched on December 20, 2012 (officially launching on January 1, 2013).

Analog-to-digital conversion
On June 12, 2009, WMAQ-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 5, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal continued to be broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 29, using virtual channel 5

From June 13 to July 12, 2009, in an "unprecedented" four-station partnership, WMAQ-TV simulcast most of its newscasts as a contributor to WWME-CA (channel 23)'s analog nightlight service for the Chicago area. The "lifeline" programming provided on analog UHF channel 23 included WMAQ's weekday and Saturday morning, weeknight 6 p.m. and weekend 5 p.m. newscasts, along with WGN-TV (channel 9)'s 9 p.m. newscast. The lifeline continued only as a simulcast of entertainment programming from WWME's sister station WCIU-TV (channel 26) until January 2011, when it switched to a simulcast of WCIU's "The U Too" subchannel.

On April 13, 2017, it was revealed that the over-the-air spectrum of sister station WSNS-TV had been sold in the FCC's spectrum reallocation auction, fetching $141.7 million. WSNS-TV did not sign off for good, but it now shares broadcast spectrum with WMAQ-TV. WMAQ-TV was reallocated from UHF channel 29 to UHF channel 33 on October 18, 2019, as part of the FCC's 5G network spectrum reallocation.

title: WMAQ-TV


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Potatoe

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP or REDIRECT.

The decision of whether to keep it as a disambiguation page should be made elsewhere. dbenbenn | talk 08:21, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Potatoe
All of the relevant information is already included at Dan Quayle, and this article can't really be expanded. The only time it'll ever come up is in discussions of Quayle, and even then it doesn't deserve its own page. – Beginning 05:30, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Might as well redirect to potato. It's a common enough misspelling, and literacy is in its death throes anyway. —Korath (Talk) 06:50, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Or would that be, in this context, "death throws"? Denni ☯
 * I suppose, though it's rather embarassing to think we'd have to do that. I don't profess to be the best speller around, but that's pretty atrocious. – Beginning 07:16, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Dan Quayles of this world need encylopedias too. Kappa 08:26, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The Dan Quayles need encyclopaedias, and we do redirect some reasonable mis-spellings already, in deference to that. However, the rest of us need encyclopaedias that note that this term is more that just one mere mis-spelling amongst many.  Redirect to Dan Quayle (and remove the resulting self-redirect from Dan Quayle) . Uncle G 13:39, 2005 Feb 6 (UTC)
 * Delete this page. Can't we delete also the page on Dan Quayle on the grounds that he's non-notable? --Angr 14:39, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * If you seriously want that, nominate it. However, I predict that it will not be deleted.  I'll vote to keep it, for starters. Uncle G 15:02, 2005 Feb 6 (UTC)
 * Redirect to potato as a misspelling. Redirect to Dan Quayle seems less useful, since the incident was many years ago and was not very significant, let alone for the non-Americans among us. Martg76 15:46, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to potato, not to Dan Quayle. People aren't going to type "potatoe" or make a link called "potatoe" and expect it to go to Dan Quayle. They know where to go for information about him. However, bad spellers may type this word expecting to learn about the plant Solanum tuberosum. — Ливай | ☺ 15:50, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect. In fact, I've been bold and created the redirect to Potato.  Joyous 16:33, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Redirecting to Dan Quayle would have been a bit insulting to our former V.P., and therefore a bit POV, as deserved as it might be.    I wonder if Misunderestimated goes where I think it might go?  (Looks like it does.)  --BM 18:19, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. The reason that I recommended redirecting to Dan Quayle is that the spelling bee incident is usually what people are referring to when spelling it as potatoe, at least in my experience.  It wasn't an example of a POV or insult. – Beginning 21:15, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirecting potatoe to Dan Quayle is neither POV nor insulting. The particular association of this word with this person is a simple matter of fact, not a point of view.  It is a fact that some people associate the word with the person significantly more so than mis-spellings are generally associated with particular people.  (The author of the article and pretty much all of the participants here apparently do, for starters.) The insult would be to say that Dan Quayle is a potatoe (or even a potato).  But a redirect does not necessarily imply identity, especially since redirects can result from mergers, and shouldn't be assumed to imply it. Uncle G 03:43, 2005 Feb 7 (UTC)
 * Comment Given the obvious disagreement of where it should redirect, I think I've done what's necessary and sufficient by rewriting the article to read as follows, to serve both those readers who have innocently made the same mistake as Dan Quayle, and those who are looking it up specifically in search of a description of the Dan Quayle incident. Dpbsmith (talk) 23:10, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Potatoe is a misspelling of the word potato. It is associated with an June 15, 1992 incident which was national news in the U. S. involving then-vice-President Dan Quayle. For details, see: Dan Quayle.

 * Redirect to Potato. Megan1967 01:13, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as disambig per Dpbsmith's version. Kappa 01:43, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as disambig per Dpbsmith. I've reverted Potatoe to that version because some well-meaning soul has changed it to a straight redirect to Potato and stripped the VfD tag. --TenOfAllTrades 02:50, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * My major concern is preventing (poor) duplication. As long as any article expansion or hyperlinking from other articles on the two subjects is clearly directed toward either Dan Quayle or potato, I'm happy with a disambiguation instead of a redirect.  It's a pity that  doesn't really fit this page, as that would help. Uncle G 03:43, 2005 Feb 7 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Potato. Jonathunder 04:14, 2005 Feb 7 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Potato. Potato now includes a bit about the Dan Quayle incident. -- SGBailey 09:31, 2005 Feb 7 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Potato. The Quayle incident is mentioned there, which is the correct place for it.  One could also refer to it at spelling bee? Cal T 13:57, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I see problems with redirecting to Potato in its present state. Two classes of users might look up potatoe: A) those who are simply making the same mistake Dan Quail made, and B) those who are using it as an entry point for the Dan Quaille incident, perhaps because they can remember how Dan Quale spelled "potato" better than they can remember the correct spelling of his name.

 * Currently, the way the Potato article is structured, the class B user redirected to Potato might well be baffled. It's not obvious at a glance that the page really will lead them to what they seek. If they don't give up right away, and can't guess that Miscellany is the right subtopic, they will need to scroll down and skim past six screensful of Burbank russets and shepherd's pie before reaching the link to Dan Quayl.

 * We could solve this by moving the brief Dann Quail note-and-link to the top of the Potato page, but we then annoy class C—the users interested in potatoes, who are now confronted by a crumb of J. Dan Quayle-cruft in the article's place of honor.

 * My feeling is that potatoe is truly ambiguous in that it can be either a simple misspelling or a reference to a famous news item, and therefore a disambiguation-like page is appropriate. Dpbsmith (talk) 14:00, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * On reflection, I'm going to reverse myself and go with a keep the disambig per Dpbsmith (and, pretty much, the originally VfD'd article). Who knows, someone who clicks on a mislinked potatoe and gets this might go back and actually fix it. —Korath (Talk) 02:59, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to potato. Wile E. Heresiarch 04:51, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, list on Unusual articles. Neutralitytalk 03:05, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and disambig as suggested above. Do not delete, do not merely redirect.   GRider\talk 18:45, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

When I was in school, potatoe (with an E) was the spelling that was taught. It was not just a local spelling; I moved often as a child and attended several schools, yet potatoe with an E was the spelling taught in many of them.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Potatoe


text:
Indian Harbour Lake, Nova Scotia

Indian Harbour Lake is a rural community and lake of the same name located in Guysborough County Nova Scotia, Canada. It is nestled ten minutes outside of Sherbrooke (the seat of power for the District of St. Mary's), and 2.5 hours from the capital of Nova Scotia, Halifax. Seven lakes are located around Indian Harbour Lake, which are named Mitchell Lake, First Lake, Second Lake, Third Lake, Indian Harbour Lake, Monument Lake, and Archibald's Lake. Indian Harbour Lake is also located 5 minutes from the community of Port Hilfordd, which has a sand beach.

The main source of employment for people in the area is primarily forestry and fishing, but there is a restaurant located in the community as well. Over the years Indian Harbour Lake has seen the majority of its young people move to larger urban centers like Halifax or moving out to work in the Alberta Tar Sands. Though a lot of people are not giving up on the community and are still waiting for an opportunity that will bring jobs to the area.

There are two churches located in the community, an Anglican church and Pentecostal church. Both still in active service. A Community Hall, shared by Jordanville and PortHilford, is located in Indian Harbour Lake. A baseball field used to be located in the community but due to declining numbers and insurance issues it had to be torn down and replaced with a gravel pit.

Indian Harbour Lakes primary resource is trees but it also has a vast abundance of fresh water (from many different springs) and there is a possibility of gold. The surrounding areas were major gold mining centers back in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and so it is possible that Indian Harbour Lake has some gold reserves buried in the ground.

title: Indian Harbour Lake, Nova Scotia


text: User talk:68.44.34.75

title: User talk:68.44.34.75


text:
Talk:Shield (science fiction)

This should be merged with deflector shield-LtNOWIS 05:34, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shield (science fiction)


text:
User:R. S. Shaw/old

The slot rack entries have been disabled

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from old2 Includes links for Feb through May (no link for freq & watched)

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title: User:R. S. Shaw/old


text:
User:LockeShocke/Philosophy

 * The necessity of believing without knowledge, nay, often upon very slight grounds, in this fleeting state of action and blindness we are in, should make us more busy and careful to inform ourselves than to restrain others....There is reason to think, that if men were better instructed themselves, they would be less imposing on others.
 * -John Locke

I've got a lot of time to think. Or, maybe I just make it a priority. Let me offer two words right now. The first is promethean: boldly creative or original. The second is iconoclast: seeking to overthrow established institutions.

 * Note that anything in italics and indented, like so, is me arguing with or second-guessing myself.

My Philosophy
I've spent a lot of time thinking about my personal philosphy: What means a lot to me? What do I want to do with my life? What should be my goals?

Like René Descartes, I started with a fundamental truth: either everything matters or nothing matters. I started with this through a proof-by-contradiction. Otherwise, who's to say what matters and what doesn't? (Am I the judge? Is God? Is there a God? I believe there is, but how do I know what He thinks is important? Should I read the Bible? Which translation? And who's interpretation? Ad infinitum.) For simplicity's sake, then, it's all or nothing.

And if you believe strongly enough in something, enough to dedicate your life to it, that it means that much to you, then that one thing truly matters. In my case, altruism. I believe the meaning of life is to better the lives of others, without necessarily damaging your own. And if one thing matters to you, truly matters, then everything must matter.

I recently had an epiphany. Drawing on my fascination with the Golden Ratio, the Fibonacci Sequence, e, and other related mathematical principles as they relate to nature, I learned to take pleasure in the simplest things: a blade of grass, a lizard sunbathing, the sun, the moon, the stars. My all-too-human curiosity gets the best of me while looking up at the stars at night. Maybe I'll be stressed over schoolwork or a personal problem. But, looking up at Orion's belt, imagining: ''there's perhaps an infinity of other worlds out there. My problems are so small in the grand scheme of things.''

And notice how beautiful the stars look tonight. Why not take some joy in the simple things?

 * Because I have problems down here to worry about.

Resultant Disillusionment
The next progression was a rebellion against the status quo of my life. Being an adolescent learning advanced calculus, statistics, and physics... I asked myself, "Why?" Why is this important to me? Rather, why should it be? Will physics and calculus help me be a better person, lead a better life, improve the world?

 * Well, I'll go to college, and I'll learn some big words,
 * And I'll talk real loud, Goddamn right, I'll be heard!
 * You'll remember that guy who said all them big words
 * That he must've learned in college.
 * -Modest Mouse, "Bankrupt on Selling"

On a separate note, the world is full of problems today. I'm not the first to say you can't turn on the news without seeing some reports of violence, war, starvation, etc. And I'm not the first to say we should do something about it. But what can I do? I'm one man. Should I turn my head and look at the beautiful lizard sunbathing instead?

Take pleasure in the small things, but it goes without saying that one shouldn't ignore the bad, either. When I consider the bad, I become overwhelmed, disillusioned, dispirited. How can one man make a difference?

 * One of America's favorite beliefs is that one man can make a difference. As hard as I want to, I find it difficult to believe that. Or, at least, to take the one step to begin a journey of a ten thousand miles.

So, where I stand right now is somewhere between the inspired, nature-loving altruist and the pessimistic "realist" who forces himself to take the bad with the good. Where do I go from here?

My Future
If I want to be a graphic designer, how am I going to change the world for the better? The respective organizations I support need newsletters. The presidential candidates I support need campaign posters. The protesters I rally around need signs. Is that a way to make a living? I want to make a difference, and this is the most realistic application I have for my skills. But, thinking about sitting in a cubicle all day long creating a logo for a presidential candidate... gets me more depressed than I was when I started.

I see the field as being saturated enough already. There's so much talent in the world, can I contribute? Recently I got upset, chastising myself for not being original enough. "Everything I make," I told myself, "is an imitation of someone else's work." And, for the most part, it's true. I find it hard to start with a blank canvas and make art from scratch.

 * Good artists copy. Great artists steal. -Steve Jobs, attributed to Picasso

But, I want to be an artist. I want to create, to inspire mankind. I have a vague vision. This page is an attempt to hammer it out.

This Mortal Coil: Government, Economy, &c.
I was raised a Democrat. That is, my parents always encouraged me to think for myself, avoid peer pressure, etc., but they couldn't avoid having at least some influence on me...

 * ...as much as I'd like to think I'm starting tabula rasa with my beliefs.

Government
I stand by Thomas Jefferson's By the people, for the people belief. I believe a government should protect the rights of individual citizens and nothing else. I believe this is the sole purpose of government. But, who's to say what a person's rights are?

I have dubbed my beliefs Social Internalism: concern for one's own citizens first, without sacrificing the wellbeing of the outside world. My beliefs lean towards George Washington's isolationist principles and clash strongly with the current administration's policies of pre-emption.

 * But, every nation can't care for itself. What about the 3rd world? Who's responsibility are they? Should the first world, like America, take care of developing nations? Perhaps they should donate a portion of their GNP to third world countries - but who's to say how large of a portion? Everything is a gray area.

I believe in the strict separation of church and state, as it makes it more difficult and impractical to equally represent every person in a democracy—especially in the melting pot of America. I believe the words "Under God" should be removed from the Pledge of Allegiance because it is an unconstitutional endorsement of religion. ("Congress shall pass no law respecting an establishment of religion..." - God is a religious tenet and the government should be free of His mention.)

 * But, in a democracy, what if the people vote to involve religion in government? Shouldn't the democracy honor the will of the people. Yes. It should. It's a paradox.

I believe a two-party system stifles choice. But, other parties exist, they are just lesser known. Is this the people's fault for not informing themselves or lacking faith in a third party? Perhaps.

I have not made up my mind about the Electoral College, abortion, stem cell research, and many other issues.

Economy
I read the book Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy in 11th grade. I believe it contains a good description of capitalism's flaws and goes on to paint a beautiful picture of a Socialist utopia. To me it seemed possible, and I immediately became an ardent Socialist.

 * Note that my economic policies are the result of idle pondering with no formal economic schooling.

Henry Clay's Protectionism and American System are good, internalist economic ideas. I stand by their theory and goals of lessening foreign dependence.

I am against consumer-side ("trickle-down") economics. I believe it has failed in the past. I am against Laissez-faire capitalism for the same reason. I am against a free-market economy. I support a high tarrif, encouraging consumers to buy within the country instead of importing.

I support a mixed economy, combining capitalism and the redistribution of wealth. I believe that capitalism can exist fairly with government regulation of large industries and public ownership of others. I am opposed to absolute communism, and believe that if a person is sheltered and pampered their entire life that they will have no motivation to better themselves or society.

 * Quite the paradox: by providing entirely for your neighbor's food, healthcare, etc., you undermine his own drive. This is a problem that gives me much pause. But, I am confident that there is a healthy medium, and a mixed economy is a start.

I have looked into problems like the welfare trap and proposed solutions like the guaranteed minimum income, but not enough to form an opinion. I believe in a progressive income tax. I don't know how anyone can defend a reverse income tax.

Conclusions
All in all, I believe this life is just a shell. It's a hunch I have.

It's hard for me, after taking biology in 11th grade, to believe that everything around me is a complete coincidence. (But, maybe that's just the beauty of nature.) I mean, is my consciousness right now the result of 4 billion years' worth of coincidental mutations that started from some amino acids and self-replicating RNA strands?

It's hard to understand, life. But this page is a step in the right direction. For me, at least. I hope I got you thinking as well.

title: User:LockeShocke/Philosophy


text:
P60

In the United Kingdom, a P60 (End of Year Certificate) is a statement issued to taxpayers at the end of a tax year. It is important a taxpayer does not destroy the P60 forms issued to them, as they form a vital part of the proof that tax has been paid. They were also issued in Ireland until the 2018 tax year.

Ireland
In Ireland, P60s were abolished from 1 January 2019.

In 2018 and previous years, it detailed a taxpayer's taxable income and deductions made by PAYE, PRSI (Pay Related Social Insurance), health levy, and Universal Social Charge (which replaced the income levy that had started in 2009) for that year. If the taxpayer's liability to tax for any year needed to be reviewed, they would need to send one part of the Form P60 to their Revenue Office. If they needed to claim a Social Welfare benefit, they would send the second part to the Department of Social Protection as evidence that they had paid PRSI contributions.

For employers, the P60 documents for their employees accompanied other documents sent in an end-of-year package which included the P35 document. The employers then passed on the P60 to their employees.

Proprietary company directors also filled in a "Form 11" or a "Form 12 Directors" at end of year.

United Kingdom
In the UK, the P60 form has been issued since 1944 by employers to each of their employees to detail the employees' taxable income and deductions made by PAYE (both for income tax and National Insurance contributions) for that year. Historically, it was the third part of a triplicate form, the front two parts being P14 (End of Year Summary). P14 part 1 was sent to the Contributions Office, P14 part 2 was retained by the tax office with which the PAYE scheme is registered, however P60 (never referred to as P14 part 3) continues to be issued to the taxpayer. The P60 has to be given to employees (and by the Department for Work and Pensions to those claiming taxable benefits such as Jobseeker's Allowance) by 31 May. Parts 1 and 2 of the P14 were rendered redundant by RTI at the beginning of the 2013/2014 tax year.

title: P60


text:
Talk:List of companies of France

Untitled
Would it not be useful to add the industry the company is in? i.e. What it does? Because a simple alphabetical list with no explanation makes it hard to search for a particular type of company. Paper Toad (talk) 20:44, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:38, 16 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Palazzo AXA.JPG

title: Talk:List of companies of France


text:
Tim Raines Jr.

Timothy Raines Jr. (born August 31, 1979) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He is the son of Major League Baseball (MLB) Hall of Famer Tim Raines. Raines played for the Baltimore Orioles organization through 2005, playing for the Orioles in and -. He played for the New Orleans Zephyrs and Harrisburg Senators in 2006. Like his father, Raines is a switch-hitter and throws right-handed.

In a three-season career, Raines is a .213 hitter with seven RBI and no home runs in 75 games.

On October 4, 2001, Raines Jr. played center field and his father, Tim Raines Sr., played left field, in an Orioles' 5–4 loss to the Boston Red Sox. They became the second major league father-son duo to play in the same game, matching the feat turned by Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr. (with the Seattle Mariners, on August 31, ).

Raines signed with the Chicago White Sox on March 7, 2009, to a minor league contract. He then signed with the Kansas City Royals on May 29, 2009, to a minor league contract.

In 2011, Raines played for the Newark Bears of the Can-Am League, who were managed by his father.

In 2017, the Orioles named Raines the hitting coach for the Short-Season A affiliate Aberdeen IronBirds.

title: Tim Raines Jr.


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-02-07/Three-revert rule

The three-revert rule was debated extensively last week after long-time editor Steve Rubenstein was blocked for violating it.

The incident started with an edit war last Tuesday over the Race article between Rubenstein and Jalnet2. Jalnet2 asked for an administrator to block Rubenstein, and Dante Alighieri elected to block both users, since they had both violated the rule.

After he was blocked, Rubenstein posted a message on the mailing list, not asking to be unblocked but questioning the application of the rule itself. This prompted an extended debate, much of it about how literally to apply the rule. One of the main issues discussed was whether the rule deals with three reverts of the same content, or simply any three reverts of the same article, even if different material is involved.

Jimbo Wales commented that a fairly literal interpretation was needed to keep the enforcement process simple. While acknowledging that a mechanical rule was problematic, he argued that the rule "is necessary and useful *even though* it also has some unfortunate negative side effects."

Acidmonkey and CheeseDreams
After his return to editing, Rubenstein was soon involved in another incident that led to a request for arbitration. This involved Acidmonkey, who began making nonsensical edits to several articles where Rubenstein had been working, including Race. Most of the other articles were those where Rubenstein had been disputing with CheeseDreams earlier, leading to suspicions that this might be yet another of CheeseDreams' sockpuppets.

Apparent sockpuppet activity proliferated last week, starting with Tigermoon, who engaged in conversations with CheeseDreams to give the impression of being a different person (however, as OneGuy pointed out, it was rather unusual that Tigermoon responded to an email from CheeseDreams on a Wikipedia talk page). After an initial block was reversed, Tigermoon reinstated the same edit for CheeseDreams, and was thereafter blocked for one week.

More accounts followed, using CheeseDreams' usual pattern of small variations on her username, and were quickly blocked. Because CheeseDreams edits from a dialup connection, the IP autoblocker had little effect.

A conclusive connection between Acidmonkey and CheeseDreams was not established, but Acidmonkey was blocked anyway simply for vandalism. Ambi reported that after consulting with a developer, "it looks more likely than not that this is someone trying to set up CheeseDreams," rather than being CheeseDreams herself.

Over the course of the day on Saturday, several more IPs were blocked for 24 hours as vandalism continued. But since the matter could be handled normally under the blocking policy, the Arbitrators concluded that they did not need to accept Rubenstein's request to hear the case.


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User:Nessalc

My name is James. I'm a music addict, avid reader, computer geek, and hobby cyclist. I'm extremely interested in quantum and astronomic physics, as well as linguistics, artificial intelligence, compression algorithms, and Internet security.

I love Wikipedia, and pledge to do my best to keep it as reliable a source of information as possible.

That's about it...

title: User:Nessalc


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Category:Atlanta Hawks players

This is a category for basketball players who have played in the NBA for the Atlanta Hawks.

title: Category:Atlanta Hawks players


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Category:Boston Celtics players

This is a category for players who have played in the National Basketball Association for the Boston Celtics.

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Category:Charlotte Bobcats players

This is a list of basketball players in the National Basketball Association who played for the Charlotte Bobcats after the original franchise suspended operations upon relocating and before the team was again renamed "Charlotte Hornets" in 2014.

title: Category:Charlotte Bobcats players


text: User talk:68.189.239.62

title: User talk:68.189.239.62


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Category:Chicago Bulls players

This is a list of basketball players who have played in the NBA for the Chicago Bulls.

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Category:Cleveland Cavaliers players

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Category:Dallas Mavericks players

This is a list of basketball players who have played in the NBA for the Dallas Mavericks.

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Category:Denver Nuggets players

This is a list of basketball players who have played in the NBA or the ABA for the Denver Nuggets. For players who competed for them between 1948 and 1950, see Category:Denver Nuggets (1948–50) players.

title: Category:Denver Nuggets players


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Category:Golden State Warriors players

This category is for basketball players who have played in the NBA for the Golden State Warriors.

title: Category:Golden State Warriors players


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Katy Gallagher

Katherine Ruth Gallagher (/'gæləhər/ GAL-ə-her; born 18 March 1970) is an Australian politician who has been serving as the Minister for Finance, Minister for Women, Minister for the Public Service and Vice-President of the Executive Council in the Albanese Government since 2022 having formerly served as the 6th Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory from 2011 to 2014. She has been a Senator for the Australian Capital Territory since the 2019 federal election, as a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). She previously served in the Senate from 2015 to 2018.

Gallagher grew up in Canberra and was a social worker and union organiser with the Community and Public Sector Union (CPSU) before entering politics. She was elected to the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly in 2001, representing the electorate of Molonglo. She was made a minister under Jon Stanhope in 2002, and appointed Deputy Chief Minister in 2006. Gallagher became Chief Minister in 2011 after Stanhope's retirement, and led her party to a fourth consecutive term at the 2012 general election. She resigned in 2014 to seek preselection to the Senate.

In March 2015, Gallagher was appointed to fill the casual vacancy caused by the retirement of Senator Kate Lundy. She was appointed to Bill Shorten's shadow ministry later in the year, and elected to the Senate in her own right at the 2016 federal election. She was subsequently elected Manager of Opposition Business in the Senate. In December 2017, during the parliamentary eligibility crisis, Gallagher was referred to the High Court. The court ruled in May 2018 that she was disqualified from sitting in the Senate for failing to renounce her British citizenship before nomination for election in 2016. She returned to her previous Senate seat at the 2019 federal election.

Early years and background
Gallagher was born and raised in Waramanga, a suburb in the Weston Creek district of Canberra to Betsy and Charles Gallagher. Her father was born in Stoke-on-Trent, England in 1939 and her mother in Guayaquil, Ecuador in 1943. Both were British citizens who later became Australian citizens after their arrival from England via New Zealand in 1969. She has an elder sister, Clare, along with two younger brothers who were adopted, Richard and Matthew. Her father died in 1995 of lung cancer and her mother in 2005 with peritoneal cancer.

Educated at Duffy Primary School, Melrose High School and Canberra College (previously known as Stirling College), Gallagher completed her studies by obtaining a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Sociology at the Australian National University in 1990.

She was initially employed as a social worker, assisting with a community life skills project and working with children with disabilities. From 1994 to 1997, she worked as an advocate for People First ACT, a support and advocacy organisation for the intellectually disabled.

On 30 January 1997, Gallagher's fiancé, Brett Seaman, was killed in a cycling accident in Merimbula. At the time, Gallagher was 13 weeks pregnant with her first daughter. An 86-year-old female pensioner narrowly escaped a jail term for dangerous and irresponsible driving for the crash. The union movement assisted Gallagher with the funeral and court case that followed the accident.

Gallagher left her previous employment and was offered an administrative job at the Community and Public Sector Union (CPSU) where Seaman had worked by Margaret Gillespie who later went on to become her chief of staff during her time as a politician. It was during this time she became involved in the labour movement, going on to become a national organiser with the union after her pregnancy.

Early career
The support provided to Gallagher by the Labor Party and union movement inspired her to run for pre-selection as one of the Labor candidates for the electorate of Molonglo for the 2001 ACT general election. At the time, Labor had two incumbent members in the Assembly representing Molonglo. Long-serving independent Michael Moore retired at the election. The election saw Labor come to power, led by Jon Stanhope. Despite Gallagher winning just 4.38% of the first preference vote, following distribution of preferences, Gallagher was elected as the fifth member to the seven member seat, behind Humphries, Tucker, Corbell, and Quinlan.

Gallagher was appointed to the second arrangement of the first Stanhope ministry on 23 December 2002, when she was given the portfolios of education, youth and family services; women; and industrial relations. A minor change on 26 May 2004 saw Gallagher's ministry for education, youth and family services divided into separate responsibilities.

At the 2004 ACT general election, Gallagher polled strongly, generating 11.59% of the first preference vote and was the first candidate elected to represent Molonglo in the Assembly, ahead of both Labor colleagues, Quinlan and Corbell.

Deputy Chief Minister
Gallager's ministerial responsibilities were unchanged in the first arrangement of the second Stanhope ministry and, on 20 April 2006, following the retirement of Ted Quinlan, she was promoted to Deputy Chief Minister with ministerial responsibilities including health, disability and community services, and women. The ministry for children and young people was restored to Gallagher's responsibilities on 17 April 2007.

At the 2008 ACT general election, Gallagher again polled strongly, generating 15.78% of the first-preference vote and was the second candidate elected to represent Molonglo in the Assembly, behind Liberal leader, Seselja. In the third Stanhope ministry, Gallagher took on ministerial responsibility for treasury, in addition to retaining both health and women; whilst a subsequent reshuffle on 9 November 2009 saw her resume ministerial responsibility for industrial relations and lose the portfolio of women.

Health portfolio
Amid allegations of bullying, it was reported in early 2010 that nine obstetricians had resigned from Canberra Hospital in the preceding 13 months. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists called on Gallagher to conduct an external, transparent review of the hospital; and, although initially denying the claims, Gallagher agreed to two external reviews, one to look at workplace issues and the other to investigate patient outcomes. The patient outcome review, when handed down in August 2010, sharply criticised hospital management with regards to workload, but stated that patient care was adequate. A number of months earlier, Gallagher faced pressure from the Catholic Church, following an agreement that the ACT Government would purchase Calvary Hospital (in Bruce) from the Little Company of Mary Health Care (LCMHC) – an independent arm of the Church – for $77m. Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Cardinal George Pell claimed that the Government's motives were ideological and driven by anti-Christian elements. Gallagher denied the claims. A dispute subsequently arose between LCMHC and the Government over an accounting concession and the government withdrew from the purchase. The culmination of these matters led the Liberal leader, Zed Seselja, on 17 August 2010, to move a no confidence vote in the Assembly against Gallagher as Minister for Health as follows: "That this Assembly no longer has confidence in the Minister for Health, Katy Gallagher, for her continued neglect of the Health portfolio, most particularly... management failure, staff bullying, over working, and poor processes; ... complete failure in the Calvary Hospital purchase; ... and many instances of attacking those who made complaints, ignoring those who gave advice, and dealing with the problems through denial and neglect; ... and the ongoing poor performance of the ACT health system ..."

The motion was defeated (five in favour, nine against), with the ACT Greens supporting the government.

Chief Minister

On 12 May 2011, while Gallagher was deputy chief minister, the current chief minister at the time, Jon Stanhope, resigned. On 16 May 2011, Gallagher was elected by the Assembly as the ACT's 6th Chief Minister and 3rd female Chief Minister. The ALP won an additional seat in the 2012 election, and remained in government after securing the support of the sole remaining Green MLA, Shane Rattenbury.

Gallagher is a supporter of same-sex marriage and on 22 October 2013, she oversaw the ACT becoming the first jurisdiction in Australia to pass a law allowing couples of the same sex to marry. This was later overturned by the High Court on 12 December, just days after the first marriages took place. The court ruled only the Commonwealth has the power to make changes to the Marriage Act.

During her term as Chief Minister, Gallagher welcomed The Queen during her 16th tour to Australia in October 2011 along with the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge in April 2014.

On 5 December 2014, Gallagher announced that she would resign as chief minister to pursue the upcoming Senate vacancy left by the resignation of Kate Lundy. She resigned as Chief Minister and her deputy Andrew Barr was elected as her replacement on 11 December 2014.

Opposition
Gallagher is a member of Labor Left. She was sworn in as a Senator on 26 March 2015 and on 25 September 2015 nominated to join the Shadow Ministry in the Labor Party Caucus. She was elected by the caucus alongside Jim Chalmers unopposed.

On 13 October 2015, Gallagher was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet in the roles of Shadow Minister for Mental Health, Shadow Minister for Housing and Homelessness, and Shadow Minister Assisting the Leader on State and Territory Relations. She held those positions until 23 July 2016 when she was promoted to Shadow Minister for Small Business and Financial Services after the 2016 election. On 12 September 2016, Gallagher was also appointed as Manager of Opposition Business in the Senate.

In 2016, Gallagher accused fellow senator Mitch Fifield of "mansplaining" during a debate in a Senate committee hearing regarding social services legislation, which subsequently went viral.

On 6 December 2017, at her own request, the Senate referred Gallagher to the High Court of Australia to determine her eligibility for election in the 2016 federal election as a part of the 2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis.

On 9 May 2018, in a unanimous decision, the full bench of the High Court of Australia found that Gallagher was not eligible for election at the 2016 federal election given that she had still been a British citizen when nominating as a candidate on 31 May 2016 for the election which was held on 2 July 2016. Gallagher completed her Form RN declaration of renunciation of British citizenship on 20 April and the ACT Labor Party lodged it with the UK Home Office on 26 April, the court finding "Senator Gallagher retained that status until 16 August 2016, when her declaration of renunciation of that citizenship was registered by the Home Office of the United Kingdom."

Return to politics
After her disqualification from the Senate, Gallagher worked as a consultant at Calvary Hospital and joined the board of the RSPCA ACT division. In June 2018, Gallagher announced that she would seek nomination for an ACT seat in the Senate at the next federal election. She successfully sought re-election at the 2019 federal election and took on the role of Shadow Minister for Finance and the Public Service in the Albanese shadow ministry.

In April 2020, she was appointed Chair of the parliamentary committee into the government's response to the Coronavirus pandemic. In August 2021, she criticised the rollout of the vaccine program after her youngest daughter Evie tested positive to the virus. At the conclusion of the parliamentary term, the committee handed down its report which included recommending a royal commission into the government's handling of the pandemic.

Gallagher also introduced a bill to parliament to amend the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 titled The Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Amendment (Improved Grants Reporting) Bill 2021, in response to the grant programs being administered by the Morrison government which had resulted in criticism from both the Productivity Commission and through various ANAO reports.

Albanese Government (2022–present)
On 23 May 2022 after Labor's victory at the federal election, Gallagher was sworn in as Minister for Finance, Minister for Health, Minister for Women, Minister for Social Services and Attorney-General. The portfolios of health, social services and attorney-general were only interim until the full Albanese ministry could be sworn in. She is the only holder of the Attorney-General portfolio to have had no prior legal experience, as she was appointed on the basis of holding the office for an interim period and act to "take care" of issues. On 1 June with the swearing in of the full cabinet, Gallagher was also sworn in as Minister for the Public Service. She was additionally appointed Manager of Government Business in the Senate.

In October 2022 with Jim Chalmers overseas for meetings, Gallagher became Acting Treasurer, only the second woman to do so.

As part of her election platform, Gallagher campaigned for the repeal of the Euthanasia Laws Act 1997 which prevented the territories from passing legislation to legalise euthanasia and secured a commitment from Albanese to have it as one of the new government's first order of business if elected. The bill was introduced into parliament and passed the lower house on 3 August and voted into law on 1 December with Gallagher managing the debate in the Senate.

In June 2023 Gallagher was accused of misleading parliament after private text messages were released suggesting she may have had prior knowledge of Brittany Higgins' alleged sexual assault before the allegations became public. She subsequently made a speech in parliament clarifying this knowledge and denied any wrongdoing.

Personal life
Gallagher was previously engaged to Brett Seaman, who died in a road accident in 1997 when she was pregnant with her first child. She and her partner Dave Skinner are raising three children. Gallagher is a vegetarian and is a classically trained cellist, who used to play with Canberra's Youth Orchestra.

title: Katy Gallagher


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Category:Houston Rockets players

This is a list of basketball players who have played in the NBA for the Houston Rockets.

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User:Neutralrobotboy

qualifications
i have no degrees and no professional qualifications. if i edit an article, it's because i have acquired knowledge about it by other means. if i am mistaken about anything, or if i've gone against some important wikipedia convention that i've missed, please feel free to let me know. as of the time of my making this page, i am still very new to the wikipedia community.

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Category:Star images

NOTE: This category is for stellar images, and not for articles about stellar images.

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Category:Indiana Pacers players

This category is for basketball players who have played for the Indiana Pacers.

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Category:Los Angeles Clippers players

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Pierre de Larivey

Pierre de Larivey (20 July 1549 – 12 February 1619) was a French dramatist of Italian origin. He is credited with introducing the Italian "comedy of intrigue" into France.

Life
Little is known of Larivey's biography. The suggestion made by Pierre Grosley of Troyes that Pietro Giunti, called "Larivey" (the name Larivey or l'Arrivey would have been taken by way of translation from giunto) was a member of the family of the Giunti, the famous printers of Florence and Venice, is subject to caution.

Larivey's family was established at Troyes in the Champagne region. Pierre studied law in Paris, and was in close contact with the milieu of the lawyers of Parlement. He participated in a literary circle around Jean Voyer and frequented the jurist Gilles Bourdin (Larivey would write 2 sonnets to his memory) and met there the dramatists Guillaume Le Breton and François d'Amboise. He was friends with Gilles Corrozet.

In 1572, he accompanied François d'Amboise into Poland, on a diplomatic mission and would return the year later for the crowning of the Duke of Anjou (future king Henry III) elected King of Poland. In 1585, in Paris, he was accorded the benefice of the chapel of Saint-Léonard. After, he acted as clerk to the chapter of the church of St Etienne at Troyes, and he eventually became a canon. The first volume of the Comedies facetieuses appeared in 1579, and the second in 1611. Only nine in all were printed.

Works
Larivey is the author of nine plot-centered "comedies of intrigue" in prose adapted (rather than "translated") from Italian originals. He has no claim to be the originator of French comedy—the Corrivaux of Jean de la Taille dates from 1562—but Larivey naturalized the Italian comedy of intrigue in France. Despite closely following his Italian models, he succeeded in conveying a lively spoken language, often full of saucy humor. The licence of the manners depicted in these plays is matched by the coarseness of the expression. Larivey's merit lies in the use of popular language in dialogue, which often rises to real excellence, and was not without influence on Molière and Regnard. Molière's L'Avare (The Miser) owes much to the scene in Larivey's masterpiece, Les Esprits, where Séverin laments the loss of his purse, and the opening scene of the play seems to have suggested Regnard's Retour imprévu. It is uncertain whether Larivey's plays were represented, though they were evidently written for the stage. In any case, prose comedy gained very little ground in popular favor before the time of Molière.

In 1579, at Paris (with the publisher Abel L'Angelier), he published six farcical comedies:
 * Le Laquais, a version of Ludovico Dolce's Il Ragazzo - Larivey introduces the character of the pedant.
 * La Veuve, a version of Niccolò Buonaparte's La Vedova
 * Les Esprits, a version of Lorenzino de' Medici's L'Aridosia
 * Le Morfondu, a version of Antonio Francesco Grazzini's La Gelosia
 * Les Jaloux, a version of Vincenzo Gabbiani's I Gelosi
 * Les Escolliers, a version of Girolamo Razzi's La Cecca

The scene of these comedies is Paris. In his author's epistle to this edition, he catalogues briefly the names of his Italian models.

In 1611, in Troyes (with the publisher Pierre Chevillot), he published his Three New Comedies (Trois Nouvelles Comédies). Their tone is different from the preceding. The plots center less around overcoming obstacles to love and the characters are already married. The "unity of action", one of the Three Unities, is better respected and Larivey brings fewer modifications to the Italian originals. In his epistle to the edition (dedicated to François d'Amboise), Larivey explains how he came upon these comedies one day while cleaning his study and decided to rework them in the French manner ( "me print envie d'agencer un peu de livres que j'ay en mon estude [...] je trouvay de fortune entre quelques brouillards et manuscripts six [...] comedies toutes chargées de poussières [...]. j'ay tasché de les r'habiller [...] à la façon de ce pays").

 * La Constance, a version of Girolamo Razzi's La Gostanza
 * Le Fidèle, a version of Luigi Pasqualigo's Il Fedele
 * Les Tromperies, a version of Nicolὸ Secchi's Gl'Inganni

The plot of these stories takes place in Troyes.

Early in his career, Larivey worked as a translator of other Italian works, including The Facetious Nights of Straparola (Facétieuses Nuits, 1573) of Straparole (Giovanni Francesco Straparola), the Philosophie fabuleuse (1577), the Philosophie (1581) of Piccolomini (Pope Pius II), and The Discourses of Capelloni (1595). In 1604, he published a translation of Ilumaniti de Jesus-Christ by Pietro Aretino.

title: Pierre de Larivey


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Talk:Military history of Australia

Napoleonic Wars
I have seen referenced in some academic texts that the first overseas engagement the colonials participated in was when a couple of dozen were on the British side of the Napoleonic Wars. It was also during these wars that the colonials suffered their first overseas battle casualties. Can anybody confirm this and add it to the article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 27.32.135.162 (talk) 15:16, 8 October 2013 (UTC)
 * G'day, yes I believe this is true, although there doesn't seem to be exact information on the numbers of Australians that served. A while back I was working on the Colonial forces of Australia article and added a small amount to that article. The reference to look at is Wilcox's Red Coat Dreaming: How Colonial Australia Embraced the British Army (2009), which is a very interesting account. The contention is that the British Army did not actively recruit from Australia at the time, although it is believed that "hundreds" of Australians served in the British Army. Wilcox identifies at least one Australian, Andrew Douglass White, who served as an engineer officer at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, and another, Spicer Cookworthy, who served as a subaltern in the 1st Regiment of Foot during the Crimean War. It might be worthy of a quick paragraph, although I think it should be discussed first, given that it is already covered in the other article. Regards, AustralianRupert (talk) 23:10, 8 October 2013 (UTC)

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CfD nomination of Category:History of Australia topical overviews
Category:History of Australia topical overviews has been nominated for deletion, merging, or renaming. You are encouraged to join the discussion on the Categories for discussion page. --Sm8900 (talk) 21:53, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

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text: Category:Los Angeles Lakers players

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Johannes de Garlandia (music theorist)

Johannes de Garlandia (Johannes Gallicus) (fl. c. 1270 – 1320) was a French music theorist of the late ars antiqua period of medieval music. He is known for his work on the first treatise to explore the practice of musical notation of rhythm, De Mensurabili Musica.

Life and problems of identification
Until the mid-1980s it was believed that Johannes de Garlandia lived in the first half of the 13th century and wrote two treatises, De Mensurabili Musica and De plana musica, and thus was intimately connected with the composers of the Notre-Dame school, at least one of whom – Pérotin – may still have been alive in the earlier part of his career. Unfortunately the linking of his name with those two works only began after 1270, and it now seems likely that Garlandia was one Jehan de Garlandia, a keeper of a bookshop in Paris, records of whom appear on various official Parisian documents between 1296 and 1319. Most likely he was an editor of the two previous anonymous treatises, and while he did much to clarify them and transmit them to posterity, he did not write them.

Sources writing about Garlandia in the late 13th and early 14th century also call him a magister, indicating he probably had a role as a teacher at the University of Paris.

Works
De mensurabili musica, most likely written around 1240, is the single most important treatise in the early history of rhythmic notation, for it is the first to propose notation of rhythm. Specifically, it describes a practice already in use, known as modal rhythm, which used the rhythmic modes. In this system, notes on the page are assigned to groups of long and short values based on their context. De mensurabili musica describes six rhythmic modes, corresponding to poetic feet: long–short (trochee), short–long (iamb), long–short–short (dactyl), short–short–long (anapest), long–long (spondee), and short–short (pyrrhic). Notation had not yet evolved to the point where the appearance of each note gave its duration; that had still to be understood from the position of a note in a phrase, which of the six rhythmic modes was being employed, and a number of other factors.

Modal rhythm is the defining rhythmic characteristic of the music of the Notre Dame school, giving it an utterly distinct sound, one which was to prevail throughout the 13th century. Usually one mode prevailed through a phrase, changing to a different mode only after a cadence. Only with the development of the music of the ars nova in the early 14th century was the regular modal rhythm to break down and be supplanted by freer rhythms, as made possible by the development of precise notation.

It is not certain how much of the treatise was written anonymously, and how much Garlandia edited it, except that Garlandia probably wrote some of the later chapters in their entirety. Franco of Cologne, writing around 1280, clearly borrowed portions of the unedited version. Garlandia's achievement was to refine and disseminate it; his position as a bookseller may have something to do with its wide distribution and influence.

title: Johannes de Garlandia (music theorist)


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Category:Memphis Grizzlies players

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Category:Miami Heat players

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