text:
List of films set in Detroit

Detroit, Michigan in the United States, has been used as a setting and/or filming location for many Hollywood feature films, as well as several television series:
 * 17000 Block, Curtis Franklin. 2005. Theo Williamson, Walter Harris, Rebecca Dawn.
 * 61*, Billy Crystal. 2001. Barry Pepper, Thomas Jane, Anthony Michael Hall This baseball film was set in New York but largely filmed in Detroit, with a digitally altered Tiger Stadium used to simulate Yankee Stadium.
 * 8 Mile, Curtis Hanson. 2002. Eminem, Kim Basinger, Brittany Murphy, Mekhi Phifer.
 * 8 Simple Rules for Dating My Teenage Daughter (TV). 2002–2005.
 * Action Jackson, Craig R. Baxley. 1988. Carl Weathers, Craig T. Nelson, Sharon Stone.
 * Assault on Precinct 13 2005 Set in Detroit but filmed in Toronto.
 * Barbarian, Zach Cregger, 2022. Georgina Campbell, Bill Skarsgård, Justin Long.
 * The Betsy, Daniel Petrie. 1978. Laurence Olivier, Robert Duvall, Katharine Ross, Tommy Lee Jones.
 * Beverly Hills Cop, Martin Brest. 1984. Eddie Murphy, Judge Reinhold, Ronny Cox. (#1 film in U.S)
 * Bird on a Wire, 1990.
 * Blue Collar, Paul Schrader. 1978. Richard Pryor, Harvey Keitel, Yaphet Kotto.
 * Brother Future, 1991.
 * The Butterfly Effect 3: Revelations, Seth Grossman. 2009. Chris Carmack, Rachel Miner. Set and filmed mostly in Detroit.
 * Collision Course, Lewis Teague. 1989. Jay Leno, Pat Morita.
 * CornerStore, Joseph Doughrity. 2011.
 * Crossing the Bridge, Mike Binder. 1992. Josh Charles, Jason Gedrick, Stephen Baldwin.
 * The Crow, Alex Proyas. 1994. Brandon Lee, Rochelle Davis, Ernie Hudson. Although story is set in Detroit, production took place in North Carolina.
 * Darkman, Sam Raimi, 1990.
 * Detroit 1-8-7 (TV). Michael Imperioli. 2010. David Zabel, Executive Producer.
 * Detroit 9000, Arthur Marks. 1973. Hari Rhodes, Alex Rocco.
 * Detroit (film), Kathryn Bigelow. 2017. Although set in Detroit principal photography took place in Boston, Massachusetts with later scenes shot at the Fox Theater (Detroit).
 * Detroit Rock City. Shot mostly in Toronto, only part of the movie was shot in Detroit, the Fox Theatre and a few other areas of Woodward Ave were shot in Detroit. The skyline of Detroit was shot from Windsor, Canada. 1999.
 * Don't Breathe. 2016 (#1 film in U.S.)
 * Dreamgirls, Bill Condon. 2006. Jamie Foxx, Beyoncé Knowles, Jennifer Hudson.
 * Eternal Torture, Pete Peter, Pam. 2013.
 * Evil Dead, Sam Raimi. 1981. Bruce Campbell, Ellen Sandweiss.
 * Exit Wounds. 2001. Although story is set in Detroit, production took place mostly in Canada.
 * Flash of Genius, Greg Kinnear, 2008.
 * For Love of the Game, Kevin Costner. 1999. Film about Detroit Tigers Pitcher pitching a perfect game in Yankee Stadium.
 * Four Brothers, John Singleton. 2005. Mark Wahlberg, André 3000, Tyrese Gibson, Garrett Hedlund/ Although story is set in Detroit, production took place mostly in Toronto.
 * Freaks and Geeks (TV). Seth Rogen, Jason Segel, James Franco, Busy Philipps, Linda Cardellini and John Francis Daley. 1999. Judd Apatow, Executive Producer.
 * The Giant Mechanical Man:  Jenna Fischer, Chris Messina, Malin Akerman, Rich Sommer, Lucy Punch. The two main characters work at the Detroit Zoo.
 * Gran Torino, Clint Eastwood. 2008. Brian Haley, John Carroll Lynch.  Set in and filmed in the Detroit area including the cities of Center Line, Royal Oak, Highland Park and Grosse Pointe. (#1 film)
 * Gridlock'd. 1997.
 * Grosse Pointe Blank, George Armitage 1997. John Cusack, Minnie Driver, Alan Arkin, Dan Aykroyd, Joan Cusack, Hank Azaria, K. Todd Freeman, Jeremy Piven. Set in Grosse Pointe.
 * Hoffa, Danny DeVito. 1992. Jack Nicholson, Danny DeVito, Armand Assante.
 * Home Improvement (TV). 1991–1999. set in Royal Oak, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.

 * Home Run Showdown, Oz Scott. 2015. Matthew Lillard, Dean Cain, Annabeth Gish, Barry Bostwick, Wayne Duvall.
 * The Island, Michael Bay. 2005. Ewan McGregor, Scarlett Johansson Scenes shot in Downtown Detroit.
 * It Follows, David Robert Mitchell. 2014. Maika Monroe.
 * Jimmy B. & Andre (TV). Guy Green. 1980. Alex Karras, Curtis Yates.
 * Lost River, Ryan Gosling. 2015. Christina Hendricks, Saoirse Ronan, Iain De Caestecker, Matt Smith, Eva Mendes, Ben Mendelsohn. Filmed in Detroit, and possibly set in a surreal version of the city although this is never explicit.
 * Low Winter Sun (TV). 2013. Mark Strong, Lennie James. Originally a British miniseries, the American remake is set, and was filmed, in Detroit.
 * The Man, 2005. Samuel L. Jackson, Eugene Levy. Set in Detroit but filmed in Ontario, Canada.
 * Martin (TV). 1992–1997.
 * Miami Cops, Alfonso Brescia. 1989. Richard Roundtree, Harrison Muller Jr. Despite the title the first part is set/partially filmed in Detroit.
 * Mickey One, Arthur Penn. 1965. Warren Beatty.
 * Mr. Mom, Stan Dragoti. 1983. Michael Keaton, Teri Garr, Jeffrey Tambor, Ann Jillian, Christopher Lloyd, Martin Mull.
 * My Life, Bruce Joel Rubin. 1993 Michael Keaton, Nicole Kidman.
 * Naked Angel. Shot in a combination of Ann Arbor, Michigan and Detroit.
 * Narc. 2002.
 * No Sudden Move, Steven Soderbergh. 2021. Don Cheadle, Benicio del Toro, David Harbour, Jon Hamm.
 * Only Lovers Left Alive, Jim Jarmusch. 2013. Tilda Swinton, Tom Hiddleston, Mia Wasikowska, Anton Yelchin.
 * Out of Sight, Steven Soderbergh. 1998. George Clooney, Jennifer Lopez, Ving Rhames.
 * Paper Lion, Alan Alda, Alex Karras.
 * The PJ's (TV). 1999–2001. Set in Detroit's Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects.
 * Polish Wedding, Theresa Connelly. 1998. Claire Danes, Lena Olin, Gabriel Byrne.
 * Presumed Innocent, Alan J. Pakula. 1990. Harrison Ford, Brian Dennehy, Raul Julia.
 * Private Parts, Betty Thomas. 1997. Howard Stern, Robin Quivers, Mary McCormack.
 * Project 313, Jay Anthony White. 2006. David Craze, William Bennett, Big Herk.
 * Real Steel Shawn Levy. 2011. Hugh Jackman. (#1 film in U.S.)
 * Red Dawn Remake filmed in Detroit and surrounding cities.
 * Renaissance Man, Penny Marshall. 1994. Danny DeVito, Gregory Hines.
 * RoboCop, Paul Verhoeven. 1987. Peter Weller, Nancy Allen. Though set in Detroit, with fly-overs filmed there, the majority of the movie was filmed in Dallas, Texas. (#1 film)
 * RoboCop 2 1990. Mostly filmed in Houston. The Harley Davidson scene was shot in Los Angeles.
 * RoboCop 3 1993. Mostly filmed in Atlanta.
 * RoboCop. 2014. Set in Detroit, but mountains in the trailer background reveal the movie was filmed partially in Vancouver.

 * The Rosary Murders, Fred Walton. 1987. Donald Sutherland, Charles Durning.
 * Scarecrow, Jerry Schatzberg. 1973. Gene Hackman, Al Pacino.
 * Scream 4 2011. Scenes shot in Ann Arbor, Plymouth and Northville; also Woodworth Middle School in Dearborn.
 * Semi-Pro 2008. Scenes at the Michigan State Fairgrounds
 * Sister, Sister (TV). 1994–1999. Set in the Detroit suburb of Dearborn.
 * Star Trek: Enterprise episode "Carpenter Street". Set in Detroit, but mountains and palm tree in background reveal the episode was filmed in L.A.
 * SWAT: Firefight (2010). Gabriel Macht, Carly Pope, Robert Patrick, Giancarlo Esposito. An LAPD SWAT commander is assigned to train the Detroit police SWAT team to get the team certified in the latest FBI HRT tactics. The first 10 minutes are set in L.A., but the rest of the movie is set in Detroit.
 * Tiger Town (TV), Alan Shapiro. 1983. Roy Scheider, Justin Henry.
 * Transformers 2007. Scenes of the monumental Michigan Central Station. (#1 film in U.S.)
 * Traveling Husbands. 1931. An American comedy film directed by Paul Sloane and starring Evelyn Brent.
 * True Romance, Tony Scott. 1993. Christian Slater, Patricia Arquette, Dennis Hopper. The opening industrial scenes of the Ford Rouge plant and Cass Corridor, the Drexl scenes, the Sicilian Scene (exteriors only) and the wedding scene where Clarence and Alabama walk down the steps of the Courthouse are shot in Detroit. The rest was shot in L.A.
 * The Upside of Anger, Mike Binder. 2005. Joan Allen, Kevin Costner, Erika Christensen.
 * Vanishing on 7th Street. 2011. Hayden Christensen, Thandie Newton and John Leguizamo Street scenes shot at the Russell Industrial Center. Church interiors shot at St. Albertus Roman Catholic Church
 * The Virgin Suicides, 1999.
 * Whip It. Scenes feature the Lafayette Coney Island and Ferndale High School.
 * Zebrahead, Anthony Drazan. 1992. Michael Rapaport, Kevin Corrigan, N'Bushe Wright.
 *  Coffee & Kareem *, 2020. Ed Helms, Taraji P. Henson, Terrence Little Gardenhigh
 * Brick Mansions, 2014 action film starring Paul Walker, David Belle, RZA
 * Transformers: The Last Knight, 2017 Mark Wahlberg; Josh Duhamel; Stanley Tucci; Anthony Hopkins. A scene was filmed in the pool of Waterford Mott Highschool and the Pontiac Silverdome

title: List of films set in Detroit


text:
FlexNet Publisher

FlexNet Publisher (formerly known as FLEXlm) is a software license manager from Flexera Software which implements license management and is intended to be used in corporate environments to provide floating licenses to multiple end users of computer software.

Computer software can be licensed in a variety of ways. A license to use a piece of software may be associated with a specific machine (node-locked), permitting it to only run on that machine (node in a network); alternatively, a company may buy a pool of floating licenses and these licenses may be allocated dynamically to machines, a license being checked-out when a user begins using the software on any given machine and checked-in when the user finishes using the software. In this way, for example, a company might buy a pool of 50 licenses but support a user community of hundreds of occasional users of the software (so long as no more than 50 users ever want to use the software simultaneously).

History
FLEXlm was originally a joint development by GLOBEtrotter Software and Highland Software in 1988. Highland's rights to the FLEXlm product were acquired by GLOBEtrotter in 1994; Highland continued as a reseller of 3rd party software. GLOBEtrotter was then acquired by Macrovision in 2000. Combining features from the Safecast protection system and FLEXlm, FlexNet featured product activation and executable wrapping, supporting floating licensing and node locked licensing models. Macrovision subsequently renamed FLEXlm to FLEXnet Publisher.

The original FLEXlm development team moved on to develop the Reprise License Manager (RLM) at Reprise Software in 2006.

On 1 April 2008 Macrovision's Software Business Unit, which included FLEXnet Publisher, was sold to the private equity company Thoma Cressey Bravo and subsequently relaunched as Acresso Software. It was a cash transaction valued at approximately $200 million.

In October 2009 Acresso Software announced its name change to Flexera Software and FLEXnet Publisher was changed to FlexNet Publisher.

A July 2011 announcement said that Teachers' Private Capital, the private investment department of the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, had agreed to acquire a majority stake in Flexera Software from Thoma Bravo, LLC, a private equity firm.

The product is currently marketed by Flexera Software as FlexNet Publisher.

Issues with bootloaders
Due to the way the digital rights management (DRM) works in FlexNet Publisher, FlexNet affects bootloaders; this makes FlexNet Publisher incompatible with drives encrypted with TrueCrypt and renders Linux-based systems unable to boot. The TrueCrypt developers also state that "the issue is caused by inappropriate design of the third-party activation software."

Other license management software

 * IBM LUM
 * LM-X License Manager
 * Open iT
 * OpenLM
 * Reprise License Manager (RLM)
 * Wibu-Systems
 * Windows Genuine Advantage

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: FlexNet Publisher


text: Category:School sport in the United Kingdom


text:
Cynthia Ozick

Cynthia Ozick (born April 17, 1928) is an American short story writer, novelist, and essayist.

Biography
Cynthia Ozick was born in New York City. The second of two children, Ozick was raised in the Bronx by her parents, Celia (née Regelson) and William Ozick. They were Jewish immigrants from Russia, and proprietors of the Park View Pharmacy in the Pelham Bay neighborhood.

She attended Hunter College High School in Manhattan. She earned her B.A. from New York University and went on to study at Ohio State University, where she completed an M.A. in English literature, focusing on the novels of Henry James.

She appears briefly in the film Town Bloody Hall, where she asks Norman Mailer, "in Advertisements for Myself you said, quote, 'A good novelist can do without everything but the remnant of his balls'. For years and years I've been wondering, Mr. Mailer, when you dip your balls in ink, what color ink is it?".

Ozick was married to Bernard Hallote, a lawyer, until his death in 2017. Their daughter, Rachel Hallote, is a professor of history at SUNY Purchase and head of its Jewish studies program. Ozick is the niece of the Hebraist Abraham Regelson.

Yale University has acquired her literary papers. A forthcoming special issue of Studies in Jewish American Literature will examine her contributions to the art of non-fiction.

Literary themes
Ozick's fiction and essays are often about Jewish American life, but she also writes about politics, history, and literary criticism. In addition, she has written and translated poetry.

Henry James occupies a central place in her fiction and nonfiction. The critic Adam Kirsch wrote that her "career-long agon with Henry James... reaches a kind of culmination in Foreign Bodies, her polemical rewriting of The Ambassadors."

The Holocaust and its aftermath is also a dominant theme. For instance in "Who Owns Anne Frank?" she writes that the diary's true meaning has been distorted and eviscerated "by blurb and stage, by shrewdness and naiveté, by cowardice and spirituality, by forgiveness and indifference." Much of her work explores the disparaged self, the reconstruction of identity after immigration, trauma and movement from one class to another.

Ozick says that writing is not a choice but "a kind of hallucinatory madness. You will do it no matter what. You can't not do it." She sees the "freedom in the delectable sense of making things up" as coexisting with the "torment" of writing.

Awards and critical acclaim
In 1971, Ozick received the Edward Lewis Wallant Award and the National Jewish Book Award for her short story collection The Pagan Rabbi and Other Stories. For Bloodshed and Three Novellas, she received, in 1977, The National Jewish Book Award for Fiction. In 1997, she received the Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award for the Art of the Essay for Fame and Folly. Four of her stories won first prize in the O. Henry competition.

In 1986, she was selected as the first winner of the Rea Award for the Short Story. In 2000, she won the National Book Critics Circle Award for Quarrel & Quandary. Her novel Heir to the Glimmering World (2004) (published as The Bear Boy in the United Kingdom) won high literary praise. Ozick was on the shortlist for the 2005 Man Booker International Prize, and in 2008 she was awarded the PEN/Nabokov Award and the PEN/Malamud Award, which was established by Bernard Malamud's family to honor excellence in the art of the short story. Her novel Foreign Bodies was shortlisted for the Orange Prize (2012) and the Jewish Quarterly-Wingate Prize (2013).

The novelist David Foster Wallace called Ozick one of the greatest living American writers. She has been described as "the Athena of America's literary pantheon", the "Emily Dickinson of the Bronx", and "one of the most accomplished and graceful literary stylists of her time".

Novels

 * Trust (1966)
 * The Cannibal Galaxy (1983)
 * The Messiah of Stockholm (1987)
 * The Puttermesser Papers (1997)
 * Heir to the Glimmering World (2004) (published in the United Kingdom in 2005 as The Bear Boy)
 * Foreign Bodies (2010)
 * Antiquities (2021)

Short fiction

 * Collections
 * The Pagan Rabbi and Other Stories (1971)
 * Bloodshed and Three Novellas (1976)
 * Levitation: Five Fictions (1982)
 * Envy; or, Yiddish in America (1969)
 * The Shawl (1989)
 * Collected Stories (2007)
 * Dictation: A Quartet (2008)
 * Antiquities and Other Stories (2022)
 * Stories

Drama

 * Blue Light (1994)

Non-fiction

 * Essay collections
 * All the World Wants the Jews Dead (1974)
 * Art and Ardor (1983)
 * Metaphor & Memory (1989)
 * What Henry James Knew and Other Essays on Writers (1993)
 * Fame & Folly: Essays (1996)
 * "SHE: Portrait of the Essay as a warm body" (1998)
 * Quarrel & Quandary (2000)
 * The Din in the Head: Essays (2006)
 * Critics, Monsters, Fanatics, and Other Literary Essays (2016)
 * David Miller, ed. Letters of Intent: Selected Essays (2017)
 * Miscellaneous
 * A Cynthia Ozick Reader (1996)
 * The Complete Works of Isaac Babel (introduction 2001)
 * Fistfuls of Masterpieces

Critical studies and reviews of Ozick's work
———————
 * 2000 The New York Times: "The Girl Who Would Be James" by John Sutherland (on Ozick's book Quarrel & Quandary)
 * 2002 Partisan Review: "Cynthia Ozick, Aesthete" by Sanford Pinsker
 * 2005 The Guardian: "The World is Not Enough" by Ali Smith (on Ozick's book The Bear Boy)
 * 2006 The New York Times Book Review: "The Canon as Cannon", by Walter Kirn (on Ozick's book The Din in the Head)
 * 2010 The New York Times Book Review: "Cynthia Ozick's Homage to Henry James", by Thomas Mallon (on Ozick's book Foreign Bodies)
 * 2010 The New York Times Book Review: "A Jamesian Pays Tribute in a Retelling", by Charles McGrath (on Ozick's book Foreign Bodies)
 * Notes

title: Cynthia Ozick


text:
Talk:Exa-

Does exa really come from ἕξ (ancient Greek) and not έξι (modern Greek)? I mean, the SI system is a modern construction, isn't it? Just wondering… –Peter J. Acklam 19:39, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Exa-


text:
Talk:Principle of linguistic relativity

I think this is important, and somebody who knows better than I should summarize it:

[Language, Learning, and Color Perception]

Deleted the note at the bottom of the page. It rehashes something mentioned above while slightly contradicting it, and is decidedly unencyclopedic. If it merits inclusion someone should rephrase it and work it back into the article. 203.199.50.16 06:11, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Is this article sufficiently different from the one on the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? Superabo 00:37, 10 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I think not. I can see no reason why it should not redirect to Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Cnilep (talk) 16:43, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Principle of linguistic relativity


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Straight, No Chaser EP

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 02:09, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

Straight, No Chaser EP
Delete as a non-notable album. All information on this page is duplicated on the bands page. Remuel 19:40, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Since it is duplicate. Inter 19:55, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable EP, duplicates existing page. Megan1967 02:14, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Erlendds

Games Workshop
An English based company which makes miniature games. It has stores in most countries. www.games-workshop.com

--Erlendds 19:40, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Erlendds


text:
List of people from Detroit

The following is a list of people from Detroit, Michigan. This list includes notable people who were born, have lived, or worked in and around Detroit as well as its metropolitan area.

Activists

 * Octavia Williams Bates
 * Gin'nnah Muhammad
 * Rosa Parks
 * Betty Shabazz
 * Jalonne White-Newsome
 * Malcolm X

Architects

 * Charles N. Agree
 * C. Howard Crane
 * Joseph Nathaniel French
 * Francis E. Griffin
 * Nathan Johnson
 * Beverly Hannah Jones
 * Albert Kahn
 * Roger Margerum
 * Wirt C. Rowland
 * Bernard C. Wetzel
 * Donald F. White
 * Minoru Yamasaki

Ceramists

 * Horace Caulkins
 * Tom Lollar
 * Diana Pancioli
 * Mary Chase Perry Stratton

Dancers

 * Lottie "The Body" Graves

Fashion designers

 * Tracy Reese
 * Anna Sui
 * John Varvatos

Painters

 * Larry D. Alexander
 * Ian Hornak
 * Charles McGee
 * Allie McGhee
 * Gari Melchers
 * Eric Millikin
 * Niagara
 * Carl Owens
 * John Mix Stanley
 * Carol Wald

Photographers

 * Bill Schwab
 * Irakly Shanidze
 * Taro Yamasaki

Sculptors

 * Marshall Fredericks
 * Mike Kelley
 * Julius T. Melchers
 * Carl Milles
 * Corrado Parducci
 * Richard Ritter
 * Carlo Romanelli
 * Edward Wagner

Textile designers

 * Ruth Adler Schnee

Astronauts

 * Gregory Jarvis

Business, industry, academics, and labor

 * Steve Ballmer
 * Elissa P. Benedek
 * William E. Boeing
 * George Gough Booth
 * Eli Broad
 * Roy D. Chapin
 * Roy D. Chapin Jr.
 * Nina Clifford
 * Louis-Césaire Dagneau Douville de Quindre
 * Bertrand Curtis Spitzley
 * William Davidson
 * John DeLorean
 * Horace Elgin Dodge
 * John Francis Dodge
 * Shel Dorf
 * George Doundoulakis
 * William C. Durant
 * Jeremiah Dwyer
 * William R. Farrand
 * Mark Fields
 * Charles T. Fisher
 * Alfred Ford
 * Edsel Ford
 * Edsel Ford II
 * Henry Ford
 * Henry Ford II
 * William Clay Ford Jr.
 * William Clay Ford Sr.
 * Charles Lang Freer
 * Dan Gilbert
 * Elizabeth L. Gleicher
 * Les Gold
 * Berry Gordy
 * Edgar Gott
 * Tyree Guyton
 * Arthur Hayes
 * Frank J. Hecker
 * Jimmy Hoffa
 * Joseph L. Hudson
 * Christopher Ilitch
 * Denise Ilitch
 * Marian Ilitch
 * Mike Ilitch
 * Peter Karmanos Jr.
 * William J. Keep
 * Sebastian S. Kresge
 * Henry M. Leland
 * Charles Lindbergh
 * Michael J. Malik Sr.
 * Alex Manoogian
 * Oscar F. Mayer
 * Elijah McCoy
 * Manuel "Matty" Moroun
 * Alan Mulally
 * David Overton
 * Francis Palms
 * Roger Penske
 * Heinz Prechter
 * David Preston
 * Ashley Qualls
 * Walter Reuther
 * Stephen M. Ross
 * Jeffrey Sachs
 * James E. Scripps
 * Robert J. Shiller
 * Art Van Elslander
 * James Vernor
 * Hiram Walker
 * B. Joseph White
 * Kate Williams
 * Ralph Wilson
 * Mark Zbikowski

Clergy and religion

 * Solanus Casey
 * Gregory Dickow
 * C. L. Franklin
 * Lucien Greaves
 * Elijah Muhammad
 * Wallace Fard Muhammad
 * Jack Van Impe

Government and politics

 * Albert M. Bielawski
 * James Blanchard
 * Sonny Bono
 * Walter B. Brady
 * Cora Brown
 * Henry Billings Brown
 * Vern Buchanan
 * Ella Bully-Cummings
 * Ralph Bunche
 * Mickey Cafagna
 * Walter H. Campbell
 * Ben Carson
 * Lewis Cass
 * Roy D. Chapin
 * J. Michelle Childs
 * John Conyers
 * Francis X. Desnoyers
 * Thomas E. Dewey
 * Emma Didlake
 * John Dingell
 * John Dingell Sr.
 * Gershwin A. Drain
 * Keith Ellison
 * Jack Faxon
 * William Webb Ferguson
 * Moses W. Field
 * Burley Follett
 * Michael Fougere
 * Nathan Goodell
 * Reneé Hall
 * Albert Hammond
 * Tom Hayden
 * Robert J. Huber
 * Tupac A. Hunter
 * Jon A. Husted
 * Marilyn Jean Kelly
 * Kwame Kilpatrick
 * T. John Lesinski
 * Carl Levin
 * Viola Liuzzo
 * Henry W. Lord
 * Alfred Lucking
 * John N. Mitchell
 * Frank Murphy
 * Simon J. Murphy Jr.
 * John Stoughton Newberry
 * Casmer P. Ogonowski
 * Dorothy Comstock Riley
 * Mitt Romney
 * Joseph P. Sanger
 * Henry Hastings Sibley
 * Augustus B. Woodward
 * Coleman Young

Military

 * Charles Keller

Movie, radio, television figures and journalists

 * Nicole Alexander
 * Byron Allen
 * Tim Allen
 * Maureen Anderman
 * Curtis Armstrong
 * Lucille Ball
 * Joan Barry
 * Josh Becker
 * Kristen Bell
 * Mary L. Bell
 * Jim Bellows
 * Elizabeth Berkley
 * Mike Binder
 * Selma Blair
 * Bill Bonds
 * Jerry Bruckheimer
 * Ellen Burstyn
 * Dean Cain
 * Bruce Campbell
 * Bill Carruthers
 * Kim Carson
 * Seymour Cassel
 * Jessica Cauffiel
 * Carol Christensen
 * Art Clokey
 * Francis Ford Coppola
 * Roger Corman
 * Dave Coulier
 * Wally Cox
 * Nicole Curtis
 * Vondie Curtis-Hall
 * Pam Dawber
 * Jude Demorest
 * Ryan Destiny
 * Doris Dowling
 * Wayne Dyer
 * Dana Elcar
 * Sherilyn Fenn
 * Audrey Ferris
 * Jeremy David Fisher
 * Dann Florek
 * Fred Foy
 * Max Gail
 * Sara Ganim
 * Cyndy Garvey
 * Marla Gibbs
 * Robin Givhan
 * Reagan Gomez-Preston
 * Chuck Goudie
 * Gael Greene
 * Judy Greer
 * David Alan Grier
 * Karl Haas
 * Norman Hackett
 * Kirsten Haglund
 * Chris Hansen
 * Elisabeth Harnois
 * Julie Harris
 * Butch Hartman
 * Charlie Hill
 * Jemele Hill
 * Ellen Hollman
 * Telma Hopkins
 * Royce Howes
 * Ernie Hudson
 * Hughes brothers (Albert and Allen Hughes)
 * John Hughes
 * Tom Hulce
 * Kim Hunter
 * Darren James
 * Al Jean
 * Ken Jeong
 * Gus Johnson
 * Walter Emanuel Jones
 * Ella Joyce
 * Casey Kasem
 * Andrew Keenan-Bolger
 * Celia Keenan-Bolger
 * Maggie Keenan-Bolger
 * Brian Kelly
 * David Patrick Kelly
 * Carrie Keranen
 * Keegan-Michael Key
 * Richard Kiel
 * Michael Kinsley
 * Jana Kramer
 * Neil LaBute
 * Ray Lane
 * Piper Laurie
 * Joan Leslie
 * Lashonda Lester
 * James Lipton
 * Brandi Love
 * Loni Love
 * Robert Mac
 * Lee Majors
 * Dick Martin
 * Greg Mathis
 * Karen McDougal
 * Antoine McKay
 * Ed McMahon
 * Tim Meadows
 * S. Epatha Merkerson
 * Nicki Micheaux
 * Ivana Miličević
 * Martin Milner
 * David Robert Mitchell
 * Kenya Moore
 * Naima Mora
 * Harry Morgan
 * Michael Moriarty
 * Bob Murawski
 * Tariq Nasheed
 * Vincenzo Natali
 * Denise Nicholas
 * George Noory
 * Rob Paulsen
 * George Peppard
 * Gilda Radner
 * Sam Raimi
 * Ted Raimi
 * Joyce Randolph
 * Amber Rayne
 * Della Reese
 * Gene Reynolds
 * Sam Richardson
 * Tim Robinson
 * Fred Roggin
 * Bruce Joel Rubin
 * Michelle Ruff
 * Roz Ryan
 * Pat St. John
 * Soupy Sales
 * Chris Savino
 * George C. Scott
 * Tom Selleck
 * Dax Shepard
 * Serena Shim
 * Sicily
 * Stirling Silliphant
 * J. K. Simmons
 * Donnie Simpson
 * Tom Sizemore
 * Tom Skerritt
 * Nick Sousanis
 * David Spade
 * Elaine Stritch
 * Geoff Stults
 * George Stults
 * William Talman
 * Danny Thomas
 * Marlo Thomas
 * Lily Tomlin
 * Courtney B. Vance
 * Jordan Vogt-Roberts
 * Robert Wagner
 * Cynthia Watros
 * Peter Werbe
 * Billy West
 * Rachelle Wilkos
 * Robin Williams
 * John Witherspoon
 * Max Wright
 * H.M. Wynant
 * Lucky Yates
 * Steven Yeun

Musicians, bands and composers

 * 2 Sins
 * 42 Dugg
 * Aaliyah
 * Geri Allen
 * Almighty Dreadnaughtz
 * The Amboy Dukes
 * Anybody Killa
 * Dorothy Ashby
 * Juan Atkins
 * Bad Meets Evil
 * Anita Baker
 * Florence Ballard
 * Hank Ballard
 * Ortheia Barnes
 * Max Bendix
 * Theodore Bendix
 * Brendan Benson
 * Big Herk
 * Big Sean
 * Bizarre
 * The Black Dahlia Murder
 * Blade Icewood
 * Blaze Ya Dead Homie
 * Bliss 66
 * Blue Stahli
 * Brainstorm
 * Broadzilla
 * Roy Brooks
 * Danny Brown
 * Kenny Burrell
 * Donald Byrd
 * Robert Byrne
 * Carl Carlton
 * Ron Carter
 * Celldweller
 * Cha Cha
 * Champtown
 * Cherrelle
 * The Clark Sisters
 * George Clinton
 * Anita Cochran
 * Alice Coltrane
 * The Contours
 * Alice Cooper
 * Marshall Crenshaw
 * D12
 * Dark Lotus
 * DeBarge
 * Warren Defever
 * Dej Loaf
 * Ken Delo
 * Johnny Desmond
 * Destroy All Monsters
 * The Detroit Cobras
 * Marcella Detroit
 * David DiChiera
 * The Dirtbombs
 * Vinnie Dombroski
 * Lamont Dozier
 * The Dramatics
 * Dwele
 * Dennis Edwards
 * Jango Edwards
 * Electric Six
 * Eminem
 * Enchantment
 * Esham
 * Maria Ewing
 * Factory 81
 * Abdul Fakir
 * Henry Fambrough
 * Fatt Father
 * Shamari Fears
 * Tommy Flanagan
 * The Floaters
 * Sean Forbes
 * The Four Tops
 * Aretha Franklin
 * Erma Franklin
 * Paul Franklin
 * Glenn Frey
 * Curtis Fuller
 * The Funk Brothers
 * Gallery
 * Kenny Garrett
 * Marvin Gaye
 * Nicci Gilbert
 * The Go
 * King Gordy
 * Gore Gore Girls
 * The Gories
 * Josh Gracin
 * Troy Gregory
 * Tee Grizzley
 * Jeff Gutt
 * Fred Hammond
 * Roland Hanna
 * The Hard Lessons
 * Barry Harris
 * Louis Hayes
 * Joe Henderson
 * Michael Henderson
 * Dallas Hodge
 * Cha Cha Hogan
 * Brian Holland
 * Edward Holland Jr.
 * Major Holley
 * House of Krazees
 * Hush
 * I Prevail
 * I See Stars
 * Insane Clown Posse
 * J Dilla
 * Milt Jackson
 * Oliver Jackson
 * Herb Jeffries
 * JMSN
 * Little Willie John
 * Marv Johnson
 * The Jones Girls
 * JR JR
 * Jumpsteady
 * Ray Kamalay
 * Kash Doll
 * Kem
 * Kid Rock
 * Kina
 * Nahru Lampkin
 * Bettye LaVette
 * Yusef Lateef
 * Hugh Lawson
 * Laura Lee
 * Legz Diamond
 * Lizzo
 * Joseph LoDuca
 * Lene Lovich
 * Madonna
 * Teairra Marí
 * Martha and the Vandellas
 * The Marvelettes
 * Derrick May
 * MC5
 * Thema "Tayma Loren" McKinney
 * Tomo Miličević
 * Jeff Mills
 * The Miracles
 * Guy Mitchell
 * Jack Montrose
 * Moodymann
 * Motown Rage
 * Alicia Myers
 * Negative Approach
 * Ted Nugent
 * Norman O'Connor
 * Bobby Ogdin
 * One Way
 * The Originals
 * Ray Parker Jr.
 * Parliament-Funkadelic
 * Theo Parrish
 * Daniel Passino
 * Freda Payne
 * Scherrie Payne
 * Lawrence Payton
 * Peekaboo
 * Dave Pike
 * Terry Pollard
 * Iggy Pop
 * Porcelain Black
 * Mike Posner
 * Proof
 * Psychopathic Rydas
 * Mike Quatro
 * Suzi Quatro
 * The Raconteurs
 * Rare Earth
 * Martha Reeves
 * Karriem Riggins
 * Robert Bradley's Blackwater Surprise
 * Smokey Robinson
 * Rockwell
 * Sixto Rodriguez
 * The Romantics
 * Rosetta Pebble
 * Frank Rosolino
 * Diana Ross
 * Royce Da 5'9"
 * Rucka Rucka Ali
 * Mitch Ryder
 * Kevin Saunderson
 * Search the City
 * Bob Seger
 * Slum Village
 * Chad Smith
 * Brian Southall
 * J. D. Souther
 * The Spinners
 * Sponge
 * Edwin Starr
 * Sufjan Stevens
 * Jason Stollsteimer
 * Levi Stubbs
 * The Suicide Machines
 * The Supremes
 * Tally Hall
 * The Temptations
 * Mark Tremonti
 * Obie Trice
 * Trick-Trick
 * Twiztid
 * Uncle Kracker
 * The Von Bondies
 * Leon Ware
 * Don Was
 * Dinah Washington
 * Keith Washington
 * We Came as Romans
 * Mary Wells
 * Kim Weston
 * Jack White
 * The White Stripes
 * Margaret Whiting
 * Brandi Williams
 * Jackie Wilson
 * Joyce Vincent Wilson
 * Mary Wilson
 * The Winans family
 * Marv Won
 * Stevie Wonder
 * Belita Woods
 * Ali-Ollie Woodson
 * Xzibit
 * Val Young

American football

 * Anthony Adams
 * Erik Affholter
 * Fred Arbanas
 * Alan Ball
 * Willie Beavers
 * Kevin Belcher
 * Walter Bender
 * Jerome Bettis
 * Earl Blaik
 * Kevin Brooks
 * Gilbert Brown
 * Rick Byas
 * Walt Clago
 * Dan Currie
 * Gary Danielson
 * Joe DeLamielleure
 * Bob Dozier
 * Braylon Edwards
 * Stan Edwards
 * Bump Elliott
 * Tony F. Elliott
 * Phil Emery
 * Larry Fitzpatrick
 * Willie "The Wisp" Fleming
 * Larry Foote
 * Ed Frutig
 * Devin Funchess
 * Devin Gardner
 * Sauce Gardner
 * Antonio Gates
 * Vernon Gholston
 * William Gholston
 * Jerry Glanville
 * Kevin Glenn
 * Brandon Graham
 * Bobby Grier
 * Ruffin Hamilton
 * K. J. Hamler
 * Aaron Hayden
 * Matt Hernandez
 * Derek Hill
 * Lano Hill
 * Lavert Hill
 * Pepper Johnson
 * Matthew Judon
 * Desmond King
 * Jason Lamar
 * T. J. Lang
 * Jourdan Lewis
 * Tony Lippett
 * Mike Martin
 * Greg Marx
 * Derrick Mason
 * Norm Masters
 * Malik McDowell
 * Ray McLean
 * Lou Mihajlovich
 * Harry Newman
 * Michael Ojemudia
 * Donovan Peoples-Jones
 * Nick Perry
 * Ron Pitts
 * Ron Rice
 * Allen Robinson
 * Paul Rudzinski
 * Robert Saleh
 * Bart Scott
 * Paul Seymour
 * Dion Sims
 * Dwight Smith
 * Ambry Thomas
 * Milt Trost
 * Chance Warmack
 * Mike Weber
 * Norm Wells
 * Michael Westbrook

Baseball

 * Ryan Anderson
 * Anthony Bass
 * Augie Bergamo
 * Arlene Buszka
 * Danny Fife
 * Bill Freehan
 * Paul Fry
 * Chris Getz
 * Kirk Gibson
 * Eric Haase
 * Harry Heilmann
 * Pat Hentgen
 * Willie Horton
 * Art Houtteman
 * Al Kaline
 * Dolores Klosowski
 * Ryan LaMarre
 * Charley Lau
 * Ron LeFlore
 * DJ LeMahieu
 * Stan Lopata
 * Derek Lowe
 * John Mayberry
 * Bob Miller
 * Anthony Misiewicz
 * Mary Ann Moore
 * Hal Newhouser
 * Milt Pappas
 * Billy Pierce
 * Nick Plummer
 * J. J. Putz
 * Ed Reulbach
 * Mary Rini
 * Chris Sabo
 * John Schreiber
 * Matt Shoemaker
 * Ted Simmons
 * John Smoltz
 * Frank Tanana
 * Jason Varitek
 * Margaret Wenzell
 * Connie Wisniewski
 * Tom Yawkey

Basketball

 * Maurice Ager
 * Bacari Alexander
 * Keith Appling
 * B. J. Armstrong
 * Jamie Arnold
 * Sam Balter
 * Shane Battier
 * Dave Bing
 * Mark Brisker
 * P. J. Brown
 * Bill Buntin
 * Kris Clyburn
 * Will Clyburn
 * Derrick Coleman
 * Jordan Crawford
 * Earl Cureton
 * Mel Daniels
 * Dave DeBusschere
 * Chris Douglas-Roberts
 * Terry Duerod
 * Howard Eisley
 * Kay Felder
 * Dane Fife
 * Marcus Fizer
 * Derrick Gervin
 * George Gervin
 * Willie Green
 * Malik Hairston
 * Reggie Harding
 * Jaden Hardy
 * Manny Harris
 * Spencer Haywood
 * Jermaine Jackson
 * Josh Jackson
 * Rickea Jackson
 * Greg Kelser
 * Voshon Lenard
 * Grant Long
 * John Long
 * Kalin Lucas
 * Tim McCormick
 * Terry Mills
 * Eric Money
 * Jordan Morgan
 * Rob Murphy
 * Derrick Nix
 * Scott Perry
 * Rashad Phillips
 * Tajuan Porter
 * Aerial Powers
 * Shawn Respert
 * Jalen Reynolds
 * Jalen Rose
 * Chase Simon
 * Steve Smith
 * Durrell Summers
 * Edmond Sumner
 * Roy Tarpley
 * Maurice Taylor
 * Rudy Tomjanovich
 * Robert Traylor
 * Terry Tyler
 * Derrick Walton
 * Gary Waters
 * Terrence Watson
 * Rocket Watts
 * Chris Webber
 * Romeo Weems
 * Kevin Willis
 * Cassius Winston

Bodybuilding

 * Lenda Murray

Boxing

 * Johnathon Banks
 * Eddie Futch
 * Mickey Goodwin
 * Thomas Hearns
 * Jackie Kallen
 * Hilmer Kenty
 * Joe Louis
 * Milton McCrory
 * Steve McCrory
 * Jimmy Paul
 * Sugar Ray Robinson
 * Mary Jo Sanders
 * Emanuel Steward

Fencing

 * Byron Krieger

Frisbee

 * Ken Westerfield

Golf

 * Donna Caponi
 * Calvin Peete

Hockey

 * Sid Abel
 * Jeff Blashill
 * David Booth
 * Adam Burt
 * Jimmy Carson
 * Shawn Chambers
 * Kyle Connor
 * Alex DeBrincat
 * Danny DeKeyser
 * Alex Delvecchio
 * Cam Fowler
 * Nathan Gerbe
 * Tim Gleason
 * Andy Greene
 * Mike Grier
 * Mike Hartman
 * Derian Hatcher
 * Kevin Hatcher
 * Connor Hellebuyck
 * Gordie Howe
 * Mark Howe
 * Marty Howe
 * Al Iafrate
 * Max Jones
 * Megan Keller
 * Ryan Kesler
 * Vladimir Konstantinov
 * Torey Krug
 * Pat LaFontaine
 * Dylan Larkin
 * David Legwand
 * Nicklas Lidström
 * Ted Lindsay
 * Cooper Marody
 * Alec Martinez
 * Mike Modano
 * David Moss
 * Josh Norris
 * Chris Osgood
 * Pat Peake
 * Jeff Petry
 * Kevin Porter
 * Brian Rafalski
 * Erik Reitz
 * Gordie Roberts
 * Bryan Rust
 * Gordon Tottle
 * John Vanbiesbrouck
 * Don Waddell
 * Doug Weight
 * Zach Werenski
 * James Wisniewski
 * Mike York
 * Steve Yzerman

Mixed martial arts

 * Daron Cruickshank
 * Kevin Lee

Motorsports

 * Bob Keselowski
 * Brad Keselowski
 * Brian Keselowski
 * Ron Keselowski
 * Gordon Mineo
 * Benny Parsons
 * Phil Parsons

Olympians

 * Pat Costello
 * Jim Gardiner
 * James McIntosh
 * Art McKinlay
 * John McKinlay
 * John Welchli

Professional wrestling

 * Luther Biggs
 * Eric Bischoff
 * Bruiser Brody
 * Terry "Sabu" Brunk
 * D-Ray 3000
 * Danhausen
 * Excalibur
 * Terry "Rhino" Gerin
 * Allysin Kay
 * Mighty Igor
 * Kevin Nash
 * Brandi Rhodes
 * Bert Ruby
 * Chris Sabin
 * The Sheik
 * Alex Shelley
 * Sgt. Slaughter
 * George Steele
 * Rick Steiner
 * Scott Steiner
 * Robert Teet

Soccer

 * Cobi Jones
 * Alexi Lalas
 * Kate Markgraf

Swimming and diving

 * Barbara Gilders
 * Fletcher Gilders

Tennis

 * Michael Russell

Track and field

 * Avery Brundage
 * Henry Carr
 * Marshall Dill
 * Ken Doherty
 * Guy Murray
 * Allen Tolmich
 * Delisa Walton-Floyd
 * Quincy Watts
 * Lorenzo Wright

Writers, novelists and poets

 * Mitch Albom
 * Nelson Algren
 * Ron Allen
 * Harriette Arnow
 * Mathis Bailey
 * Alice Elinor Bartlett
 * Jack Berry
 * E. Jean Carroll
 * Jeremiah Curtin
 * Christopher Paul Curtis
 * Jeffrey Eugenides
 * Donald Goines
 * Edgar Guest
 * Judith Guest
 * Carla Harryman
 * Robert Hayden
 * Royce Howes
 * Alice Emma Ives
 * Geoff Johns
 * William Kienzle
 * Tim LaHaye
 * Helen Landgarten
 * Elmore Leonard
 * Philip Levine
 * Thomas Ligotti
 * Thomas Lynch
 * Robert Lyons
 * Dwayne McDuffie
 * Ron Milner
 * James O'Barr
 * Joyce Carol Oates
 * Daniel Okrent
 * Marge Piercy
 * Alice Randall
 * Dudley Randall
 * John Sinclair
 * Jim Starlin
 * Paul Vachon
 * Barrett Watten
 * Michael Zadoorian
 * Helen Zia

title: List of people from Detroit


text:
User:WinyatesStud1

hi im really User:WinyateStud but have forgotten my password. Thx.

title: User:WinyatesStud1


text:
AeroSur

AeroSur (legally incorporated as Compañía Boliviana de Transporte Aéreo Privado Aerosur, S.A.)  was the second largest privately owned airline in Bolivia, headquartered in Santa Cruz de la Sierra. It operated a domestic and international flight network from its main hub at Viru Viru International Airport to major cities in Bolivia and destinations in South America, the United States and Spain. Founded in April 1992 to take advantage of the deregulation of Bolivia's air transport, it started flying on 24 August that year between Santa Cruz and Potosí.

For most of its operational history, AeroSur's main fleet was the Boeing 727-200. The airline even operated the type for its services to Miami, although the flight required a refueling stop due to the type's range. They were gradually replaced with more modern Boeing 737 aircraft. Additionally, the airline operated single Boeing 747 and 767 aircraft for its long-haul destinations to North America and Europe. Since 2008, AeroSur became Bolivia's flag carrier following the demise of the country's main airline, Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano, which eventually ceased operations in 2010. In 2012, AeroSur declared bankruptcy and ceased operations, the airline had 1,200 employees.

Foundation and background
AeroSur was established in April 1992, following the deregulation of the Bolivian airline market, which had been previously controlled by the then state-owned airline Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano (LAB), Bolivia's flag carrier, which had been in service since 1925, making it South America's second oldest airline.

On August 24 1992, AeroSur commenced its operations with an inaugural flight between Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Potosí using a Let L-410 Turbojet short-range aircraft. During the first year of its operations, the airline had carried around 400,000 passengers. Regular revenue flights on regional routes soon followed as the airline then acquired several Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner and British Aerospace 146 aircraft. Over the following years, AeroSur acquired larger Boeing 727-200 airliners, which allowed the airline to expand its network of operations by adding international flights and helped the airline increase the number of passengers transported.

Further expansion in the 21st century
During the 2000s AeroSur renewed and expanded its fleet, introducing larger aircraft of the types Boeing 747 and Boeing 757, which made the inauguration of long-haul flights possible. In 2002, President Hugo Banzer declared the airline the flag carrier of the Republic of Bolivia (línea aérea bandera), in that very year AeroSur became the first airline in Bolivia to offer business and first class flights. In 2004, AeroSur had started to operate nostalgic flights with a Douglas C-117 to tourist destinations such as the Salar de Uyuni and Rurrenabaque, both of which are internationally recognized.

When Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano went bankrupt in 2007, AeroSur became the largest airline of Bolivia and the only one with intercontinental flights (to Central and North America as well as to Europe). Since 2009, the domestic fleet of ageing Boeing 727s is replaced by more modern, though second-hand purchased Boeing 737 Classic airliners, and looked to start a Peruvian subsidiary, however that project was suspended indefinitely.

The subsidiary dubbed AeroSur Paraguay was planned to operate two Boeing 737-200 aircraft of mainline AeroSur. The further development of the project was postponed in mid-2009 pending Paraguayan governmental approval, and later deferred indefinitely. In 2010, AeroSur added five new aircraft to its fleet: three Boeing 737-300s, one Boeing 737-400 and a Boeing 767-200ER.

Bankruptcy
On March 31, 2012, the airline suspended operations because of unpaid taxes, but resumed all flights on April 6, except for its Madrid route. AeroSur had used a 747 leased from Virgin Atlantic on that route but had returned it to the lessor. The airline planned to resume that route with an ex-Aerolíneas Argentinas 747-400. Ultimately, AeroSur struggled to keep its operations running smoothly and returned its 767 aircraft to the lessor.

On May 17, 2012 AeroSur suspended all its flights again, and other airlines such as state-owned Boliviana de Aviación have since begun to fill the void left by AeroSur. The airline was in talks with potential US investor William Petty who signed a memorandum of understanding to invest up to US$15 million in the Bolivian carrier. AeroSur's air operator's certificate was revoked on July 20, 2012. A group of former employees, as well as William Petty, planned to create a new airline called TU Aerolínea, but, as of 2018, nothing had happened as far as that venture.

AeroSur Paraguay
AeroSur Paraguay was a brand of its parent company which was trying to become a future airline based at the Silvio Pettirossi International Airport, in Asunción, Paraguay and to be a subsidiary of the Bolivian airline. Unfortunately, the brand could never be consolidated as one legitimate and legally operational airline, it only became the name for one of the Bolivian airline's aircraft that has already been withdrawn from its fleet due to the financial problems that afflict one of the most important private airlines in Bolivia in recent years.

AeroSur Cargo
AeroSur had freight transport service nationwide and international with direct shipments. AeroSur did not operate any dedicated cargo aircraft, but used the cargo holds of its passenger aircraft for network-wide freight transport.

Destinations
AeroSur's destination network was organized around Viru Viru International Airport from where it offered services to various cities in South America, as well as direct flights to Miami and Madrid.

Last fleet

As of November 2011, the AeroSur fleet consisted of the following aircraft:

Fleet development
Over the years, AeroSur operated the following aircraft types:

Accidents and incidents

 * On 31 December 1997, an AeroSur Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner (registered CP-2321) was substantially damaged when it veered off the runway at Teniente Jorge Henrich Arauz Airport. The two pilots had lost control of the aircraft during take-off run. There were no notable injuries amongst the 18 passengers on board.

Awards and recognitions

 * 2008: Named Most Powerful Brand among Bolivian airlines by PricewaterhouseCoopers.
 * 2009: Awarded one Bizz Award as Inspiring Company.

Contributions
AeroSur also greatly supported the sport, especially football, where it created the Copa Aerosur and la Copa AeroSur del Sur and in mid 2009, the AeroSur Futsal Cup was organized for the first time, where CRE and AeroSur from Bolivia, River Plate of Argentina and President Hayes of Paraguay, in which the host team AeroSur won.

Many street signs amongst others in Cochabamba, such as the signs for C. Mexico street, were financed by AeroSur and to this day still bear the Airline's name.

title: AeroSur


text:
Talk:Nasdaq

Please check the CMT Codeamaster8.com is it trustworthy? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2405:201:5502:D0F0:B5E4:FC99:E8FB:BA44 (talk) 10:31, 6 March 2023 (UTC)

Requested move 27 January 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved  (t · c)  buidhe  05:31, 3 February 2021 (UTC)

NASDAQ → Nasdaq – Formalizing the above move request, the all-caps styling has not been the proper name of this stock exchange in many years. It is not only no longer styled as such by the exchange themselves in either text or their logo, but also by third-party coverage from such reliable sources as The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, who might know a thing or two about the stock markets. oknazevad (talk) 05:08, 27 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Support per nom.--Ortizesp (talk) 05:25, 27 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. Should NASDAQ Composite also be moved to Nasdaq Composite? LSGH (talk) (contributions) 07:00, 27 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Comment I think so. None of the sources I've seen spell it as all caps anymore, just like the exchange itself. oknazevad (talk) 20:08, 27 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Support as noted it isn't even styled with caps, clearly caps are inappropriate.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 19:26, 27 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Support Rreagan007 (talk) 20:58, 27 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Support move per nom and above.  O.N.R.  (talk) 21:25, 27 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Support per Nasdaq website. Sideriver84 (talk) 04:53, 1 February 2021 (UTC)

creation date
The Internet wasn't created till 1983, so I don't think the NASDAQ was really created in 71, as a global trading system. Perhaps there were 5 or 6 guys with file on companies on their computers, but they had to punch cards to talk to the thing, so.... come on now, let's get it right. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2603:6010:4404:D1D4:5DCB:8741:C016:882C (talk) 14:17, 3 February 2022 (UTC)
 * You do realize that computer networking long predates the global internet, right? oknazevad (talk) 15:12, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

"Founded" vs "inception"?
Wikidata says that NASDAQ had its conception on the 4th of February 1971, while the article says it was found on the 8th of February. Which is correct? toreau (talk) 20:11, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

Should all the "NASDAQ" acronyms be changed to "Nasdaq" to conform with their name change SEC filing from 2017
Link to source:

https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro/nasdaq/2017/34-81917.pdf ScratchyGamer314 (talk) 13:42, 2 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Only for ones after the change. The ones from before were still properly all caps reflecting the name's original creation as an acronym. That they later went to mixed case can and should be mentioned, and references after that should be in said mixed case, but it would be anachronistic to use it before the official change. oknazevad (talk) 13:51, 2 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nasdaq


text:
San Vicente de Cañete

San Vicente de Cañete, commonly known as San Vicente or Cañete, is a city and capital of the Cañete Province, in southern Lima Region. With a population of 85,533 (2015 estimate).

The warm and peaceful town of Cañete is located just one and a half hour to the south of Lima (144 km) and serves, for tourists, primarily as a gateway to the Lunahuaná District. The Plaza de Armas lies on 2 de Mayo, a few blocks inland from the spot on the Pan-American Highway, where buses pause for passengers to get on or off. All buses heading south from Lima or north to Lima on the Pan-American Highway pass through Cañete. This is one of the most important homes of the most representative liquor from Peru: the Pisco.

Cerro Azul, Peru is a district north of the city centre San Vicente de Cañete. The first inhabitants of these lands were the Huarcos. Later, the area was inhabited by descendants of slaves forced to work on the plantations. The slaves and their descendants lived here. The slaves arrived from Guinea, the Congo, and Angola, brought to the Peruvian coast during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to work in the cotton and sugar cane fields and in the vineyards.

It also has a district called Asia which has a lot of beaches which people from Lima rent houses and there is also a mall called Sur Plaza Boulevard.

title: San Vicente de Cañete


text:
Paul Lo Duca

Paul Anthony Lo Duca (born April 12, 1972) is an American former professional baseball player and television personality. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers (–), Florida Marlins (2004–, ), New York Mets (–), and Washington Nationals (2008). He later became a horse racing analyst for the TVG Network and New York Racing Association. In November 2019, he agreed to a contract to work for Barstool Sports as a horse racing and gambling analyst.

Collegiate career
Lo Duca walked on to the baseball team at Glendale Community College in Arizona after he was not recruited or drafted out of high school. He hit .449 and .461 in his two years at the community college before transferring to Arizona State University. In 1993 (the one year he played at ASU), Lo Duca was named The Sporting News Player of the Year, setting school records with a .446 batting average and 129 hits. He also was named a finalist for the Golden Spikes Award, and his 37-game hitting streak is the second longest in school history. He was named ASU "On Deck Circle" Most Valuable Player; other winners include Dustin Pedroia, Willie Bloomquist, Ike Davis, and Barry Bonds.

Los Angeles Dodgers
Despite his college success, Lo Duca spent many years in the minor leagues after being drafted in the 25th round of the 1993 Major League Baseball Draft. After spending 1995 with the Vero Beach Dodgers, Lo Duca was sent to the Australian Baseball League to play with the Dodgers Australian affiliate the Adelaide Giants during the 1995–96 off-season to help with his development. He finally achieved a breakthrough year with the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2001 at age 29, recording career highs of 25 home runs, 90 RBIs and a .320 batting average. Lo Duca drew comparisons to Dodgers predecessors Mike Scioscia and Mike Piazza; all three were capable and popular everyday catchers who were homegrown through the Dodgers' organization, and all three are of Italian-American ancestry. Lo Duca's primary strength was as a contact hitter, like Scioscia, but unlike the power-hitting Piazza.

After becoming an everyday big league player, Lo Duca was named to four All-Star Games. In 2002, he was one of the best contact hitters in the majors — only Jason Kendall struck out less often, and no one had a better percentage of swings and misses. In 2003, Lo Duca's 25-game hitting streak was the second longest in Dodgers history, and defensively, he ranked first in the National League in throwing out baserunners. In 2004, he led National League catchers in RBIs. In the field in 2004, he allowed 93 stolen bases, more than any other catcher in Major League Baseball.

Florida Marlins
Lo Duca was traded from Los Angeles along with Juan Encarnación and Guillermo Mota to the Marlins for Hee-seop Choi, Brad Penny, and minor league pitching prospect Bill Murphy at the 2004 trading deadline.

New York Mets
Later, Lo Duca was traded to the Mets for two minor league prospects: pitcher Gaby Hernandez and outfielder Dante Brinkley. This was part of a Marlin "market correction" where most of their high-paid players were traded away after the 2005 season. Lo Duca was a member of the 2006 All-Star Team, and the Mets finished that year with a 97-65 record and made the postseason (his first playoff experience). Lo Duca hit .318, his highest average since 2001. He also had a .355 on-base percentage, a career high. Lo Duca collected his 1,000th career hit on May 30, 2007, off Barry Zito. His batting average fell 48 points that year to .272, and he played only 119 games after making a trip to the disabled list in August.

Washington Nationals
After the 2007 season, Lo Duca agreed to a $5 million, one-year deal with the Washington Nationals on December 10. He was released by the Nationals on July 31, 2008, after batting .230/.301/.281.

Second stint with Marlins
On August 8, 2008, Lo Duca signed a minor league deal to return to the Florida Marlins organization. LoDuca was called up on August 16.

Retirement
Lo Duca became a free agent after the 2008 season and did not play in 2009. In June 2009, he joined TVG Network as an analyst and began working on 2009 Belmont Stakes day.

Colorado Rockies
On January 19, 2010, Lo Duca signed with the Colorado Rockies and came out of retirement. He only appeared in the minor leagues with the Colorado Springs Sky Sox during his stint in the Rockies organization, batting .233/.292/.302.

Second retirement
On May 29, 2010, Lo Duca was released, and in June, he returned to work for TVG. He continues to work as a horse racing analyst for the network.

Defamation lawsuit
On October 22, 2019, MLB umpire Joe West filed a defamation lawsuit in New York against Lo Duca and Action Network over comments Lo Duca made on a podcast in April 2019, recalling his Mets teammate Billy Wagner telling him, "Joe loves antique cars so every time he comes into town I lend him my ’57 Chevy so he can drive it around so then he opens up the strike zone for me." In the complaint, West denied this and said he suffered unspecified damages as a result of Lo Duca's comments. Analysis of MLB records indicated that West was the home plate umpire for a single Mets game during the two seasons that Lo Duca and Wagner were teammates in New York, but Wagner did not pitch in that particular game. West was awarded a $500,000 judgment by the court.

Mitchell Report
On December 13, 2007, Lo Duca was named in the Mitchell Report in connection with human growth hormone use. Lo Duca allegedly received the hormone HGH from former Mets clubhouse attendant and steroids dealer Kirk Radomski, who produced three checks from Lo Duca totaling $3,200. Federal investigators also seized handwritten notes from Lo Duca to Radomski during a search of Radomski's house. The report also claims that Lo Duca introduced several other baseball players to Radomski, including Adam Riggs, Kevin Brown, Éric Gagné, and Matt Herges.

The Mitchell Report cites an October 2003 meeting among Dodgers officials that included discussion of the possible use of steroids by some players. The notes of the meeting say:

Steroids aren't being used anymore on him. Big part of this. Might have some value to trade ... Florida might have interest. ... Got off the steroids ... Took away a lot of hard line drives. ... Can get comparable value back would consider trading. ... If you do trade him, will get back on the stuff and try to show you he can have a good year. That's his makeup. Comes to play. Last year of contract, playing for 05.

Six months later, the Dodgers traded Lo Duca to the Florida Marlins. Mitchell did not identify the Dodgers officials involved, nor if other players were traded because they stopped taking steroids.

On January 9, 2013, in response to the Baseball Hall of Fame announcement in which no players were elected, Lo Duca acknowledged his steroids use, tweeting "I took PEDs and I'm not proud of it...but people who think you can take a shot or a pill and play like the legends on that ballot need help."

Personal life
Lo Duca was born in Brooklyn, New York, but was raised in Glendale, Arizona, and attended Apollo High School, after attending St Simon and Jude Middle School. On August 7, 2006, the New York media leaked a story about his divorce suit with his wife, Sonia (Flores) Lo Duca, a former Playboy model. The leak by the New York Post led Lo Duca to threaten to stop giving interviews to the media. Lo Duca had been "one of the most helpful and available players in the Mets clubhouse", and afterward resumed giving interviews, as long as they pertained to baseball. Lo Duca has a daughter, Bella Lucia, with his ex-wife. Lo Duca is a TV analyst and handicapper in the horseracing industry, currently working on the Saratoga Live telecast.

title: Paul Lo Duca


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chris Hinchcliffe

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete. Joyous 02:09, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

Chris Hinchcliffe
An attempt at humour, but ultimately fails. Possibly a speedy candidate, but I'll put it on here anyway. Xezbeth 19:46, Feb 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Speedied as patent nonsense. A short bio of Hitler with someone else's name substituted. -- Curps 19:54, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Nsumi

Nsumi, or "Nsumi Collective" is an art collective, initially formed as a New School student association called Nsumiscope in the fall of 2001 the week directly following September 11th. Their projects last for years at a time, and are not always documented or publicized.

Nsumi's work occurs mostly within the back-end of the art world where ideas wobble around before becoming embodied as art. Members of Nsumi have claimed that the group spawns art collectives and experimental groups through a gift economy consulting project and other tactics, such as workshops, art exhibitions and performances, zines, street classes, academic research, and public interventions. The group's changing membership has included educators, artists, scientists, architects, landscape designers, curators, collectors, and others.

Nsumi operates fluidly, frequently collaborating with artists and collectives including Trevor Paglen, Brandon Ballengée, Rainer Ganahl, AUNTS Collective and Peter Fend, in addition to those who participate anonymously.

Their insider/outsider practice involves a range of disciplines including traditional art, trend analysis and Network theory, urban planning and mapping, interventions within ecosystems, grassroots political organizing and prefigurative politics.

Sometimes Nsumi fully or partially joins other art groups, adopting an individual or quasi-individual identity. Occasionally the group will exchange or swap members with different collectives, bring on temporary members, or work with artists who join the group for one-off events and exhibitions. Nsumi blurs its own boundaries since it is unclear which identity the group is operating through at a given moment or who exactly is involved. Nsumi operates under different monikers, such as Lightning Chasers, Black Magic Guild and Nsumi Group, and has been known to appear in the same group exhibition under multiple individual and group names.

Nsumi also appears in more conventional art exhibitions at galleries, universities and museums including the Queens Museum, Momenta Gallery, Deitch Projects and the Center for Architecture in New York City. Their work has appeared in Satya magazine, ARTE Television and TRACKS TV in Europe, Total Theatre Magazine, The New York Times, Archinect, The Economist, the New York Sun, and Art News.

Between 2013 and 2014 Nsumi launched two projects that blur the lines between creative production and grassroots politics. Banner Action (2013) is a performance involving protest banners, formal decentralization, semiotics and memetics. Oubliettes (2014) is a project about prison abolition and the human rights crimes at the MDC federal prison in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, following up on their 2005 collaboration with Trevor Paglen. The project resulted in a protest outside MDC prison on New Year's Eve, December 2014.

title: Nsumi


text:
Democratic Action Congress

The Democratic Action Congress (DAC) was a Tobago-based political party in Trinidad and Tobago.

History
The party was established in 1971 by A. N. R. Robinson, and was originally an autonomist party. It first contested general elections in 1976, in which it won both Tobago seats, taken by Robinson and Winston Murray. The party went on to dominate the Tobago House of Assembly, and retained both seats in the 1981 elections.

In 1986 the party merged into the National Alliance for Reconstruction. However, after the NAR lost control of the Tobago House of Assembly in 2001, an attempt was made to oust Hochoy Charles as the NAR leader in Tobago in 2004. As a result, Charles left the NAR and re-formed the DAC. In the 2005 elections the DAC routed the NAR (which was reduced to just 113 votes), but only won a single seat.

In the 2007 national general elections the party failed to win a seat, despite forming an alliance known as the Tobago United Front. From this grouping emerged a new party— the Tobago Organisation of the People. Whilst the majority of the DAC supported the merger, Charles withdrew from the merger claiming that the DAC still existed as a separate organisation. However, it did not put forward any candidates for the 2009 elections.

title: Democratic Action Congress


text: Talk:Pannonia

title: Talk:Pannonia


text: Category:Sialkot cricketers

title: Category:Sialkot cricketers


text: Category:Gujranwala cricketers

title: Category:Gujranwala cricketers


text:
Charley Parkhurst

Charley Darkey Parkhurst (born Charlotte Darkey Parkhurst; January 17, 1812 – December 28, 1879) also known as "One-Eyed Charley" or "Six-Horse Charley", was an American stagecoach driver, farmer and rancher in California. Raised in New England and assigned female at birth, Parkhurst ran away as a youth, taking the name Charley. Now presenting as a man, he started work as a stable hand and learned to handle horses, including to drive coaches drawn by multiple horses. He worked in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, traveling to Georgia for associated work.

In his late 30s, Parkhurst sailed to California following the Gold Rush in 1849; there he became a noted stagecoach driver. In 1868, he may have been the first person who was assigned female at birth to vote in a presidential election in California. After his death in 1879, others discovered his sex, as well as that he had given birth at an earlier time.

Life and career
Charley Parkhurst was born Charlotte Darkey Parkhurst January 17, 1812 in Lebanon, New Hampshire, to Mary (Morehouse) Parkhurst and Ebenezer Parkhurst. Parkhurst had two siblings, Charles D. (1811–1813) and Maria. His mother, Mary, died in 1812. Some time after Charles D. died, Charley and Maria were taken to an orphanage in Lebanon, New Hampshire. (Some sources say Charley was born there. ) They were raised under the care of Mr. Millshark.

Parkhurst ran away from the orphanage at age 12, adopted the name Charley, and assumed a masculine presentation. According to one account, Parkhurst soon met Ebenezer Balch, who had a livery stable in Providence, Rhode Island. Balch took him under his care and returned to Rhode Island. Treating Parkhurst like a son, Balch taught him to work as a stable hand and gradually with the horses. He developed an aptitude with horses, and Balch taught him to drive a coach, first with one, then four, and eventually six horses. Parkhurst worked for Balch for several years. He may have gotten to know James E. Birch, who was a younger stagecoach driver in Providence.

In 1848, the 21-year-old Birch and his close friend Frank Stevens went to California during the Gold Rush to seek their fortunes. Birch soon began a stagecoach service, starting as a driver with one wagon. He gradually consolidated several small stage lines into the California Stage Company.

Seeking other opportunities as well, Parkhurst, in his late 30s, also left for California, sailing on the R. B. Forbes from Boston to Panama; travelers had to cross the isthmus overland and pick up other ships on the west coast. In Panama, Parkhurst met John Morton, returning to San Francisco where he owned a drayage business; Morton recruited the driver to work for him. Shortly after reaching California, Parkhurst lost the use of one eye after a kick from a horse, leading to his nickname of One Eyed Charley or Cockeyed Charley. Later, Parkhurst went to work for Birch, where he developed a reputation as one of the finest stagecoach drivers (a "whip") on the West Coast. This inspired another nickname for him, Six-Horse Charley. He was ranked with "Foss, Hank Monk and George Gordon" as one of the top drivers of the time. Stagecoach drivers were also nicknamed "Jehus," after a Biblical passage in Kings 9:20: "…and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously."

Among Parkhurst's routes in northern California were Stockton to Mariposa, "the great stage route" from San Jose to Oakland, and San Juan to Santa Cruz. Stagecoach drivers carried mail as well as passengers, and had to deal with hold-up attempts, bad weather, and perilous, primitive trails. As historian Charles Outland described the era, "It was a dangerous era in a dangerous country, where dangerous conditions were the norm."

Seeing that railroads were cutting into the stagecoach business, Parkhurst retired from driving some years later to Watsonville, California. For fifteen years he worked at farming and lumbering in the winter. He also raised chickens in Aptos.

He later moved into a small cabin about six miles from Watsonville, and suffered from rheumatism in his later years. Parkhurst died there on December 28, 1879, due to tongue cancer.

Posthumous revelation
After Parkhurst died in 1879, neighbors came to the cabin to lay out the body for burial and discovered that his body appeared to be female. Rheumatism and cancer of the tongue were listed as causes of death. In addition, the examining doctor established that Parkhurst had given birth at some time. A trunk in the house contained a baby's dress. The LA Times reported that this discovery became a local sensation and was soon carried by national newspapers.

The obituary about Parkhurst from the San Francisco Call was reprinted in The New York Times on January 9, 1880, so the extraordinary driving career and the post-mortem discovery of Parkhurst's sex received national coverage. The headline was: "Thirty Years in Disguise: A Noted Old Californian Stage-Driver Discovered. After Death. To be a Woman."

"He was in his day one of the most dexterous and celebrated of the famous California drivers ranking with Foss, Hank Monk, and George Gordon, and it was an honor to be striven for to occupy the spare end of the driver's seat when the fearless Charley Parkhurst held the reins of a four-or six-in hand...

Last Sunday [December 28, 1879], in a little cabin on the Moss Ranch, about six miles from Watsonville, Charley Parkhurst, the famous coachman, the fearless fighter, the industrious farmer and expert woodman died of the cancer on his tongue. He knew that death was approaching, but he did not relax the reticence of his later years other than to express a few wishes as to certain things to be done at his death. Then, when the hands of the kind friends who had ministered to his dying wants came to lay out the dead body of the adventurous Argonaut, a discovery was made that was literally astounding. Charley Parkhurst was a woman."

The article noted how unusual it was that Parkhurst could have lived so long with no one discovering his sex, and to "achieve distinction in an occupation above all professions calling for the best physical qualities of nerve, courage, coolness and endurance, and that [he] should add to them the almost romantic personal bravery that enables one to fight one's way through the ambush of an enemy..." was seen to be almost beyond believing, but there was ample evidence to prove the case.

1868 vote, legacy, and honors
The Santa Cruz Sentinel of October 17, 1868, lists Charles Darkey Parkhurst on the official poll list for the election of 1868. There is no record that Parkhurst actually cast a vote.

Parkhurst has been variously interpreted as either a woman using a persona to be able to work and have freedoms that were not allowed for women during that time, or a transgender man or other figure in trans history. If Parkhurst did vote in 1868, he may have been the first person of the female sex to vote in a presidential election in California. Local legend and Parkhurst's gravestone claims that Parkhurst was "the first woman to vote in the U.S." and the fire station in Soquel, California, has a plaque reading: "The first ballot by a woman in an American presidential election was cast on this site November 3, 1868 by Charlotte (Charlie) Parkhurst who masqueraded as a man for much of her life. She was a stagecoach driver in the mother lode country during the gold rush days and shot and killed at least one bandit. In her later years she drove a stagecoach in this area. She died in 1879. Not until then was she found to be a woman. She is buried in Watsonville."

In 1955, the Pajaro Valley Historical Association erected a monument at Parkhurst's grave, which reads: "Noted whip of the gold rush days drove stage over Mt. Madonna in early days of Valley. Last run San Jaun to Santa Cruz. Death in cabin near the 7 mile house, revealed “One Eyed Charlie,” a woman. The first woman to vote in the U.S. Nov. 3, 1868"

In 2007, the Santa Cruz County Redevelopment Agency oversaw the completion of the Parkhurst Terrace Apartments, named for the stagecoach driver and located a mile along the old stage route from the place of his death.

Representation in popular culture

 * On March 13, 1958, during the sixth season of the television series Death Valley Days, the episode "Cockeyed Charlie Parkhurst" aired. It was loosely based on his life. It featured Frank Gerstle in the role of Parkhurst.
 * In 1969, Janice Holt Giles had Charley Parkhurst as a character in the novel Six Horse Hitch, a historical fiction novel about stage coaching covering the period from 1859 to 1869.
 * In 1999, Pam Muñoz Ryan wrote a fictionalized biography of Parkhurst's life for children, titled Riding Freedom. It is illustrated by Brian Selznick.
 * In 2008, Fern J. Hill wrote a fictional memoir based on Parkhurst's life, Charley's Choice: The Life and Times of Charley Parkhurst.
 * From 2009 to 2010, the Autry National Center of Los Angeles had a series of programs and events, entitled Out West, which included exhibits, lectures, films and other material about LGBT people's contributions to the Old West. Parkhurst was one of the individuals featured in this series.
 * In 2012, Karen Kondazian wrote historical fiction novel, The Whip based loosely on Parkhurst's life.
 * In 2019, an opera about Parkhurst's life premiered at the Cohen New Works Festival in the University of Texas at Austin. Good Country portrays Parkhurst's life in the California Gold Rush, based on written historical accounts, incorporating Old West slang and late 19th century clothing. The opera begins in the year 1849. The libretto was written by Cecelia Raker, and the musical score was composed by Keith Allegretti. The protagonist tenor role of Parkhurst can be considered the first opera composed with a trans man lead vocalist in mind. Over a dozen transgender opera singers around the world applied for the role. The role of Parkhurst was given to Holden Madagame, an American classically trained tenor and trans activist based in Berlin, who risked losing his career by transitioning. As of 2019, Raker and Allegretti hoped to continue working with Madagame as a dramaturgical consultant and performer to pitch the work to opera companies in hopes of creating a full production.

title: Charley Parkhurst


text: Category:Great Britain at the Olympics

authors: Алексей Густов

title: Category:Great Britain at the Olympics


text:
User talk:Metroplex~enwiki

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Metroplex~enwiki


text:
Time Machines

Time Machines is a 1998 studio album by English experimental group Coil, originally released under the one-off project alias Time Machines. The album was created under the premise of psychedelic drone pieces named after corresponding hallucinogenic drugs, "tested and retested" during the album's studio sessions for apparent narcotic potency. Main member John Balance also described the album as an attempt to create "temporal slips".

Background and composition
Time Machines is composed of four electronic drone pieces created with modular synthesizers, which as hinted at in their track names are an attempt to recreate the chemically derived psychedelic and narcotic potency of telepathine, DOET, DMT and psilocybin mushrooms (telepathine and DMT being primary components of ayahuasca). As well as this, Balance intended the album to cause "temporal slips": he commented that the musical effect was demonstrated when the group "listened to it loud [and] lost track of time". Drew McDowall created the original demo for the record, at first inspired by what he saw as a hypnotic state created in Tibetan music, but his final idea with Balance and Christopherson was to use filters and oscillators on the tones of the demo to induce trancelike effects.

In a 1998 interview, given to David Keenan for The Wire magazine, Balance explained the album's concept and intent, inspired by trancelike states: One of the interesting things with Time Machines is that there's a handful of responses which we've had where what happened to the listeners was exactly what we intended to happen. There would be some kind of temporal disruption caused by just listening to the music, just interacting with the music. The drugs thing is actually a hook we hung it on – it originally came out of me and Drew talking that some of the types of music you listen to – sacred musics like Tibetan music or anything with a sacred intent which often is long ceremonial type music which could last for a day or three days or something. There are periods of time in that where you will come out of time. That's the intention of it to go into a trance and achieve an otherness. We thought can we do this sort of electronic punk-primitive? We did demos with a simple mono synth and we managed it. We sat in the room and listened to it loud and we lost track of time – it could be five minutes in or 20 minutes in but you suddenly get this feeling, the hairs on the back of your neck, and you'd realise that you'd had some sort of temporal slip. We fine-tuned, well, filters and oscillators and stuff, to try and maximise this effect. It was that we were after with simple tones – somehow you could slip through.

When Time Machines was first released, the group was initially very conscious that it should not be labeled as a Coil album due to how abstract and different it was compared to previous Coil albums. However, the group later tended towards regarding Time Machines a part of the Coil catalog; this led the 2000 follow-up live album Coil Presents Time Machines to be released as a Coil album.

Legacy
A five-disc Time Machines box set was announced in 1998, but never developed. A two-disc version was announced in January 2006 as a future release, but this was never expanded on either, although an album by Peter Christopherson, called Time Machines II, was released posthumously. In retrospect, Drew McDowall has remarked that "[p]eople tell me how much of an impact it had on them – which is always pretty surprising."

In 2018, surviving member Drew McDowall collaborated with British visual artist Florence To to perform an updated audio-visual version of the entire album in selected venues and festivals around the world.

Reception
Sean Cooper of AllMusic gave the album four out of five stars and described it as "[e]njoyable, if a mite limited in scope." Record distributor Boomkat praised the album upon its re-release, calling it a "now-classic chemical songbook".

Personnel
According to AllMusic:

 * Peter Christopherson – performer
 * John Balance – performer
 * Drew McDowall – performer

title: Time Machines


text:
File:Ogre microgame.jpg

 * Description: This is a flatbed scan of the cover from the 1977 Ogre "microgame" wargame from Steve Jackson Games. The image has been reduced in size from the original and a drop-shadow added using Paint Shop Pro.
 * Width: 205
 * Height: 346

title: File:Ogre microgame.jpg


text:
Bessel

Bessel may refer to:
 * Bessel beam
 * Bessel ellipsoid
 * Bessel function in mathematics
 * Bessel's inequality in mathematics
 * Bessel's correction in statistics.
 * Bessel filter, a linear filter often used in audio crossover systems
 * Bessel Fjord, NE Greenland
 * Bessel Fjord, NW Greenland
 * Bessel (crater), a small lunar crater
 * Bessel transform, also known as Fourier-Bessel transform or Hankel transform
 * Bessel window, in signal processing
 * Besselian date, see Epoch (astronomy)
 * MV Bessel, a German merchant ship in service 1928–45, latterly for the Kriegsmarine

People

 * Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784–1846), German mathematician, astronomer, and systematizer of the Bessel functions

title: Bessel


text:
File:United Provinces 1909.jpg

From the Imperial Atlas and Gazetteer, 1911.

title: File:United Provinces 1909.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad/archive1

Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad
As I add details to this article, it's starting to look like a featured article candidate. At this point, I'd like others to take a look at it to see what else should be added beyond what I've already got on the to do list in order to get it up to featured quality. I've found a mix of paper, governmental and website references (listed in the article), but there have got to be others out there. Thanks! slambo 19:56, Feb 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd be interested in knowing what major commodities the railway currently ships and/or who its major customers are. Also, are you interested in some pictures of DM&E hoppers?  If so, I may have some. JYolkowski 22:24, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I remember seeing something about the railroad's major customers and commodities hauled on their website. I'll see if I can find it again.  As to the photos, yeah, that'd be great.  I'd been thinking of renaming the "Locomotives" section to "Rolling stock" and describing more than just the motive power. slambo 14:39, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Cool, I uploaded one this afternoon. Two other minor things I noticed about the article:  I noticed that the map was "as of 2002".  Has the DM&E's route changed significantly since then?  If not, would it make more sense to say "as of 2004/2005" (or if it has, to update the map, although that might be more work)?  Also I've noticed that "Class 1/2/3" is used in the article.  Personally, I tend to think that using "Class I/II/III" is somewhat more correct, as that's what the AAR uses (although I have seen both formats in other places, so you probably could make an argument either way).  As for the references, I think they look great as they are.  JYolkowski 02:23, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the photo upload and copyedit. The map is one that I transcribed from the 2002 Trains Magazine article in the references.  I'll have to check a couple other references to see if there are any changes since then.  I have no strong preference for 1/2/3 vs I/II/III, it's just easier for me to hit the 2 key once than it is for the Shift and I key combination twice; maybe this is something that we should bring up on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Trains as part of the standardization discussion? slambo 15:16, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, here isn't the place for an in-depth discussion of the merits of each format. See Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Trains.  JYolkowski 02:58, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Two things: to be honest, the lead section just doesn't grab me. It needs something to make things more interesting to regular readers. Secondly, I notice that Trains magazine was referenced. It doesn't seem to be in the references section. Could we put that in there? - Ta bu shi da yu 03:26, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll work on the lead, but I'm curious why these two references weren't noticed:
 * Gilchinski, Steve (February 2002), Coming: A third Powder River Basin player, Trains Magazine, p. 10-11.
 * Gilchinski, Steve (May 2002), DM&E begomes "a significant national player", Trains Magazine, p. 14.
 * slambo 11:55, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Geodesic Sphere

Geodesic Sphere
I'm not sure that a full sphere is the best illustration of a geodesic dome, and I might prefer it if it were primarily constructed of hexagons rather than the finer mesh of triangles. That way the necessary closing pentagons would be more obvious. Nevertheless, it is quite eye catching and leads to an interesting subject. Uploaded by User:DavidLevinson. - Solipsist 19:59, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Nominate and support - Solipsist 19:59, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Although it was rendered by a GNU program, that doesn't mean the resulting product is a GFDL document. The website from which it came has a copyright statement on it, and does not appear compatible with the GFDL - or have I misread this? Enochlau 21:51, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You could be right. I interpreted the image page info as the user using the GNU software and source files to render the image, but given that there is an image of the same size on the linked website, it is more likely it was just copied. -- Solipsist 07:08, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose even if it's free; jpg artifacts, and could really stand to be higher resolution. —Korath (Talk) 18:22, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. A nice image, but does not adequately display the hexagonal structure which is the signature of geodesic architecture. That it is a ray-traced image is not sufficient to make it a featured image in the 21st century. Denni ☯ 01:07, 2005 Feb 4 (UTC)


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Organic synthesis

Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds. Organic compounds are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of synthetic routes that can be completed including total synthesis, stereoselective synthesis, automated synthesis, and many more. Additionally, in understanding organic synthesis it is necessary to be familiar with the methodology, techniques, and applications of the subject.

Total synthesis
A total synthesis refers to the complete chemical synthesis of molecules from simple, natural precursors. Total synthesis is accomplished either via a linear or convergent approach. In a linear synthesis—often adequate for simple structures—several steps are performed sequentially until the molecule is complete; the chemical compounds made in each step are called synthetic intermediates. Most often, each step in a synthesis is a separate reaction taking place to modify the starting materials. For more complex molecules, a convergent synthetic approach may be better suited. This type of reaction scheme involves the individual preparations of several key intermediates, which are then combined to form the desired product.

Robert Burns Woodward, who received the 1965 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for several total syntheses including his synthesis of strychnine, is regarded as the grandfather of modern organic synthesis. Some latter-day examples of syntheses include Wender's, Holton's, Nicolaou's, and Danishefsky's total syntheses of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (trade name Taxol).

Methodology and applications
Before beginning any organic synthesis, it is important to understand the chemical reactions, reagents, and conditions required in each step to guarantee successful product formation. When determining optimal reaction conditions for a given synthesis, the goal is to produce an adequate yield of pure product with as few steps as possible. When deciding conditions for a reaction, the literature can offer examples of previous reaction conditions that can be repeated, or a new synthetic route can be developed and tested. For practical, industrial applications additional reaction conditions must be considered to include the safety of both the researchers and the environment, as well as product purity.

Synthetic techniques
Organic Synthesis requires many steps to separate and purify products. Depending on the chemical state of the product to be isolated, different techniques are required. For liquid products, a very common separation technique is liquid–liquid extraction and for solid products, filtration (gravity or vacuum) can be used.

Liquid–liquid extraction
Liquid–liquid extraction uses the density and polarity of the product and solvents to perform a separation. Based on the concept of "like-dissolves-like", non-polar compounds are more soluble in non-polar solvents, and polar compounds are more soluble in polar solvents. By using this concept, the relative solubility of compounds can be exploited by adding immiscible solvents into the same flask and separating the product into the solvent with the most similar polarity. Solvent miscibility is of major importance as it allows for the formation of two layers in the flask, one layer containing the side reaction material and one containing the product. As a result of the differing densities of the layers, the product-containing layer can be isolated and the other layer can be removed.

Heated reactions and reflux condensers
Many reactions require heat to increase reaction speed. However, in many situations increased heat can cause the solvent to boil uncontrollably which negatively affects the reaction, and can potentially reduce product yield. To address this issue, reflux condensers can be fitted to reaction glassware. Reflux condensers are specially calibrated pieces of glassware that possess two inlets for water to run in and out through the glass against gravity. This flow of water cools any escaping substrate and condenses it back into the reaction flask to continue reacting and ensure that all product is contained. The use of reflux condensers is an important technique within organic syntheses and is utilized in reflux steps, as well as recrystallization steps.

When being used for refluxing a solution, reflux condensers are fitted and closely observed. Reflux occurs when condensation can be seen dripping back into the reaction flask from the reflux condenser; 1 drop every second or few seconds.

For recrystallization, the product-containing solution is equipped with a condenser and brought to reflux again. Reflux is complete when the product-containing solution is clear. Once clear, the reaction is taken off heat and allowed to cool which will cause the product to re-precipitate, yielding a purer product.

Gravity and vacuum filtration
Solid products can be separated from a reaction mixture using filtration techniques. To obtain solid products a vacuum filtration apparatus can be used.

Vacuum filtration uses suction to pull liquid through a Büchner funnel equipped with filter paper, which catches the desired solid product. This process removes any unwanted solution in the reaction mixture by pulling it into the filtration flask and leaving the desired product to collect on the filter paper. Liquid products can also be separated from solids by using gravity filtration. In this separatory method, filter paper is folded into a funnel and placed on top of a reaction flask. The reaction mixture is then poured through the filter paper, at a rate such that the total volume of liquid in the funnel does not exceed the volume of the funnel. This method allows for the product to be separated from other reaction components by the force of gravity, instead of a vacuum.

Stereoselective synthesis
Most complex natural products are chiral, and the bioactivity of chiral molecules varies with the enantiomer. Some total syntheses target racemic mixtures, which are mixtures of both possible enantiomers. A single enantiomer can then be selected via enantiomeric resolution.

As chemistry has developed methods of stereoselective catalysis and kinetic resolution have been introduced whereby reactions can be directed, producing only one enantiomer rather than a racemic mixture. Early examples include stereoselective hydrogenations (e.g., as reported by William Knowles and Ryōji Noyori ) and functional group modifications such as the asymmetric epoxidation by Barry Sharpless; for these advancements in stereochemical preference, these chemists were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001. Such preferential stereochemical reactions give chemists a much more diverse choice of enantiomerically pure materials.

Using techniques developed by Robert B. Woodward paired with advancements in synthetic methodology, chemists have been able synthesize stereochemically selective complex molecules without racemization. Stereocontrol provides the target molecules to be synthesized as pure enantiomers (i.e., without need for resolution). Such techniques are referred to as stereoselective synthesis.

Synthesis design
Many synthetic procedures are developed from a retrosynthetic framework, a type of synthetic design developed by Elias James Corey, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1990. In this approach, the synthesis is planned backwards from the product, obliging to standard chemical rules. Each step breaks down the parent structure into achievable components, which are shown via the use of graphical schemes with retrosynthetic arrows (drawn as ⇒, which in effect, means "is made from"). Retrosynthesis allows for the visualization of desired synthetic designs.

Automated organic synthesis
A recent development within organic synthesis is automated synthesis. To conduct organic synthesis without human involvement, researchers are adapting existing synthetic methods and techniques to create entirely automated synthetic processes using organic synthesis software. This type of synthesis is advantageous as synthetic automation can increase yield with continual "flowing" reactions. In flow chemistry, substrates are continually fed into the reaction to produce a higher yield. Previously, this type of reaction was reserved for large-scale industrial chemistry but has recently transitioned to bench-scale chemistry to improve the efficiency of reactions on a smaller scale.

Currently integrating automated synthesis into their work is SRI International, a nonprofit research institute. Recently SRI International has developed Autosyn, an automated multi-step chemical synthesizer that can synthesize many FDA-approved small molecule drugs. This synthesizer demonstrates the versatility of substrates and the capacity to potentially expand the type of research conducted on novel drug molecules without human intervention.

Automated chemistry and the automated synthesizers used demonstrate a potential direction for synthetic chemistry in the future.

Characterization
Necessary to organic synthesis is characterization. Characterization refers to the measurement of chemical and physical properties of a given compound, and comes in many forms. Examples of common characterization methods include: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and melting point analysis. Each of these techniques allow for a chemist to obtain structural information about a newly synthesized organic compound. Depending on the nature of the product, the characterization method used can vary.

Relevance
Organic synthesis is an important chemical process that is integral to many scientific fields. Examples of fields beyond chemistry that require organic synthesis include the medical industry, pharmaceutical industry, and many more. Organic processes allow for the industrial-scale creation of pharmaceutical products. An example of such a synthesis is Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen can be synthesized from a series of reactions including: reduction, acidification, formation of a Grignard reagent, and carboxylation. In the synthesis of Ibuprofen proposed by Kjonass et al., p-isobutylacetophenone, the starting material, is reduced with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to form an alcohol functional group. The resulting intermediate is acidified with HCl to create a chlorine group. The chlorine group is then reacted with magnesium turnings to form a Grignard reagent. This Grignard is carboxylated and the resulting product is worked up to synthesize ibuprofen.

This synthetic route is just one of many medically and industrially relevant reactions that have been created, and continued to be used.

title: Organic synthesis