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Tabley House

Tabley House is an English country house in Tabley Inferior (Nether Tabley), some 3 km to the west of the town of Knutsford, Cheshire. The house is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. It was built between 1761 and 1769 for Sir Peter Byrne Leicester, to replace the nearby Tabley Old Hall, and was designed by John Carr. The Tabley House Collection exists as an exhibition showcased by the University of Manchester.

In the early part of the 19th century, three of Carr's rooms on the west side of the house were converted to form a single room, the gallery. After Sir Peter's death, the house was re-orientated and the main entrance moved from the south to the north front. The house and estate continued to be held by the Leicester family until the death of Lt. Col. John Leicester Warren in 1975.

Under the terms of his will the house, contents and estate were offered to the National Trust, which declined the offer. The house was then acquired under the terms of the will by the Victoria University of Manchester, and the house was used as a school. Since 1988 its lease has been held by a healthcare company. The 3600 acre estate surrounding the house was sold in 2007 to the Crown Estate.

The house is symmetrical and designed in Palladian style. It is constructed in brick with stone dressings, with a large sandstone portico on the south front. On the east and west sides of the main house are pavilion wings connected to the house by curved corridors. To the west of the house is St Peter's Church, also listed Grade I, which was moved from a position adjacent to Tabley Old Hall to its present site in 1927. In the grounds are other listed buildings, including the ruins of the Old Hall.

As of 2012 the ground and top floors of the main house, together with the adjacent wings, are used as accommodation for the elderly. The reception rooms of the first floor are open to the public at advertised times, and are entered by the original stairway on the south front; they contain paintings and furniture collected by the Leicester family. Some items in the collection had formerly been displayed on this floor, whilst others were moved from elsewhere in the house. The first floor may also be hired for weddings, meetings, and conferences. It is managed by a trust, which is supported by a group of Friends and by volunteers.

Old Hall

The original house was built on an island in Nether Tabley Mere, known as the Moat, in about 1380 by John de Leycester. The house contained a Great Hall with a large central arch formed by two massive cruck beams, which were carved to imitate Gothic stonework. During the 16th century Adam de Leycester made alterations to the hall, and built a half-timbered gatehouse to the bridge crossing the mere. Peter Leycester (1588–1647) installed an ornate chimneypiece dated 1619 in the Great Hall.

In 1671 his son, the historian Sir Peter Leycester, 1st Baronet (1614–78), enlarged the house, adding a staircase and an upper storey. He arranged for the exterior to be encased in brick in Jacobean style, with a mixture of mullioned and round windows, and a porch with statues of lions. In 1674 Sir Peter replaced the chapel adjacent to the hall, designed in a mixture of Gothic and Jacobean styles, and a tower was added to the chapel in 1724.

After the new house was built in the 1760s, the Old Hall continued to be furnished, and the chapel was used for family worship. But in 1927 part of the hall collapsed because of subsidence resulting from the extraction of brine nearby. The building was abandoned, and is now a ruin. The chapel (now known as St Peter's Church) was demolished and rebuilt near to the west front of the new house. The ornate chimneypiece was moved and reinstalled in the Old Hall Room on the west side of the house.

Present house
The present house was built by Sir Peter Byrne Leicester. He inherited the estate through his mother's line on the death of his grandfather in 1742, at which time he was aged 10. At this time his name was Peter Byrne, and the name of Leicester was added by an Act of Parliament in 1744. One of the requirements of his inheritance was to keep the Old Hall in good condition, but Sir Peter considered it to be "old and not commodious". When he came of age in 1753 he decided to build a new house to replace the Old Hall. The provisions of his grandfather's will made it difficult for him to build a new house outside the parish of Nether Tabley, therefore Sir Peter decided to build it nearby in the estate, higher on the ground sloping down to the Moat. He appointed John Carr of York as architect; building began in 1761 and was completed in about 1769. Carr designed the house in Palladian style, even though by the 1760s this style was becoming less fashionable. His design consisted of a rectangular building in three storeys, with a projecting portico on the south front, and two pavilions on each side, which were set back and approached by curved corridors. On each side of the portico was a curved stairway leading to the main middle floor, the piano nobile. As the house was originally planned, it had a central staircase, with three rooms on the south front. The middle of these rooms was the entrance hall, to the west of it was the drawing room, and to the east was the dining room. Behind the drawing room was the library, and behind the dining room was a room known as the common parlour. Across the back of the house, on this floor, there were two bedrooms and three dressing rooms. The western pavilion contained the servants' bedrooms, and in the eastern pavilion was the kitchen. The interior of the house contained craftsmanship of a high quality. The plasterwork was created by Thomas Oliver of Warrington, the woodcarving of the doorcases and staircase was by Mathew Bertram, assisted by Daniel Shillito. Much of the furniture was made by Gillow of Lancaster. Sir Peter also commissioned a number of paintings, which included full-length portraits of himself and his wife by Francis Cotes, and landscapes of the grounds and the halls by J. M. W. Turner and Richard Wilson amongst others. An interest in paintings continued in the family's next generation. Sir John Fleming Leicester, the 1st Lord de Tabley, built a collection of modern British art that was hung in a gallery in his London house at Hill Street, Berkeley Square. Sir John has been described as "the first important patron of British art". In 1823 he offered his collection to Lord Liverpool to form the basis of the planned National Gallery, but the offer was declined. After his death in 1827 the best works were sold by auction and the remainder moved to Tabley, where most of them are today. Between 1808 and 1810 the three original rooms on the west side of the first floor of the house had been converted into a single tripartite room to form a picture gallery by Thomas Harrison. Further work was carried out in the room following this; Peter Cannon Brookes, the author of the 1991 guide to the house, concludes that the final appearance of the room "dates almost entirely from 1840–45".

After Sir John's death the house was structurally reorganised for George Warren, 2nd Baron de Tabley by Robert Curzon, a family friend and an "amateur architect". The house was re-orientated to move the front entrance to the north side of the house. The architecture of the north front had previously been "simple and dignified", but it was enhanced to make its appearance more impressive. The alterations included adding rustication to the bottom storey and around the central window, and quoins to the three projecting central bays. The arms of the 2nd baron were added to the previously blank pediment, and in 1915 a small porch was built over the new entrance. The south portico had become redundant, other than serving as an entrance to the garden. The new entrance led by way of a small lobby to a new staircase up to a new entrance hall on the first floor. A new dining room was created in the northeast corner.

The house and estate continued to be owned by the Leicester family until the death of Lt. Col. John Byrne Leicester Warren in 1975. The first request in his will was that the estate should if possible be taken into the care of the National Trust, but this was declined by the Trust. The executors then acted on Warren's second request, to pass the estate to a charitable institution, and thus it came into the care of the Victoria University of Manchester. By the time of Warren's death the manor of Nether Tabley, comprising the estate and the halls, had been owned by the Byrne-Leicester family for almost exactly 700 years. Col. Leicester-Warren used the house as a school from the late 1940s until 1984, after his death. In 1988 a 125-year lease of the house, the stables, and the associated buildings was sold by the university to Cygnet Health Care, on condition that the suite of rooms on the first floor of the house, and their contents, should be preserved. Between 1988 and 1990 the health care company carried out structural repairs to deal with damage caused by dry rot and the death watch beetle. The ground and top floors of the house, and the wings, have been converted into nursing accommodation, leaving the appearance of the exterior virtually unchanged. In 1990 the first floor was opened to the public under the care of the Tabley House Collection Trust. The original entrance by the stairway on the south front was re-instated for this purpose.

In 2007 the university sold the estate - but not the house - to the Crown Estate in a deal worth "over £35m". Its 3600 acre included 18 tenanted farms, 18 farmland lettings, 52 residential properties and 13 commercial leases generating a total rent roll of £500,000.

Architecture
Tabley House was designated as a Grade I listed building on 5 March 1959. Its architectural style is Palladian, the only 18th-century Palladian country house in Cheshire. The house has three storeys; the bottom storey is constructed in rusticated stone, with the upper storeys in Flemish bond brick with stone dressings. A Doric frieze runs around the whole building below the eaves. The roofs are in green slate with lead flashings. The south front has nine bays, the central three bays projecting forward. On each side of the central projection is a semi-circular stairway leading to the middle floor. The stairway is built in rusticated stone and it has a moulded balustrade. From the top of the stairway a portico rises through the top two storeys. It consists of four columns in Doric style constructed from red Runcorn sandstone. Its tympanum contains the arms of Sir Peter Byrne Leicester and his wife, Catherine. All the windows in the ground floor are sashes with 3×2 panes and over each window there are splayed voussoirs. The central bay of the middle storey contains a doorway with an architrave and a segmental pediment carried on brackets. On each side of the door is a window with similar architraves and segmental pediments, but not carried on brackets. In the lateral three bays on each side are sash windows with 3×5 panes over which are architraves and triangular pediments. The top floor windows are also sashes, these having 3×3 panes, and architraves with scrolls at the top and bottom.

The north front is also symmetrical and is in seven bays, with the central three projecting slightly forwards. Over the bays is a pediment containing the arms of the 2nd Baron de Tabley and his wife Catherina. In the centre of the ground floor is a porch, on either side of which are two 3×2 sash windows, plus a narrow two-pane window. The middle floor has a central Venetian window surrounded by a rusticated stone arch. All the other windows on this floor are 3×5 sashes; those on each side of the central window have triangular pediments, while those in the lateral bays have horizontal architraves. The top storey has seven 3×3 sash windows; the central three have scrolls similar to those on the south front, while the surrounds to the lateral two windows on each side are plainer. On each side elevation there are central canted bay windows. The middle floor has arched windows on the west front, while the corresponding windows on the east front are blind. On each side of the house are two-storey pavilion wings joined to the main block by quadrant (curved), single-storey corridors. Each pavilion is symmetrical and identical, built in brick with stone dressings. Each is in three bays, the central bay forming a canted bay window. Again, the windows are sashes.

To the east of the house, and linked to it by the Old Hall Room, is St Peter's Chapel. Incorporated in the Old Hall Room (now used as the tea room) is the painted and gilded wooden chimney-piece from the Old Hall, which had been installed in the Old Hall by Sir Peter Leycester in 1619. It includes carvings of caryatids, statues of Lucretia and Cleopatra in niches, and a female nude lying on a skull and holding an hourglass. The windows in the Old Hall Room contain stained glass panels with various designs, including depictions of English monarchs from William II to George II.

Interior
The entrance to the first floor on the south front leads to a room now known as the Portico Room. This was the original entrance hall to the house, but as a result of the 19th-century alterations it was converted into a billiard room. It was later used as a drawing room, and during the time the house was used as a school, it was the school library. From 1990 it has been restored as the entrance hall. It contains a white chimney-piece and a cast iron grate. The mahogany woodwork was carved by Daniel Shillito and Mathew Bertram and the plasterwork was by Thomas Oliver. In the side walls are plaster figures of Isis and the Capitoline Flora in niches, and on the walls are plaster relief medallions representing the four seasons. Much of the furniture in the room has been moved from elsewhere in the house. The breakfast table carries the mark of the Lancaster firm of Gillow. The lantern suspended from the middle of the ceiling was made by Ince and Mayhew in about 1770, and was restored by Plowden and Smith in 1998. To the east of the Portico Room is the Drawing Room. This was designed by Carr as the dining room, and contains a white marble chimneypiece designed by Carr. The plasterwork is again by Oliver. The furniture and paintings are original to the house. The paintings include one of John, 1st Baron Byron by William Dobson, one of his wife as Saint Catherine by Peter Lely, and two paintings by John Opie. The most important painting in the room is Tabley, the Seat of Sir J. F. Leicester, Bart: Windy Day, by J. M. W. Turner. Also in the room are two still life paintings by Thomas Lister, 4th Baron Ribblesdale, a cousin of the Leicesters.

The room to the north of the Drawing Room was originally the common parlour, and is now known as the Octagon Room. It provided a link between the public rooms on the south of the house and the more private rooms on the north side. Again designed by Carr, its canted corners contain china cabinets. It also contains a set of five paintings of Tabley by Anthony Devis. The ceiling has Rococo plasterwork by Oliver. This room leads to the Dining Room on the north side of the house, which contains paintings of the Leicester family. These include 3rd Lord Tabley by Frank Holl, Colonel Sir John Leicester, Bart., and the King's Cheshire Yeomanry Cavalry exercising on the Sands at Liverpool by George Jones, Portrait of 2nd Lord de Tabley by Margaret Carpenter, a full-length Portrait of 2nd Lord de Tabley as Colonel Commandant of the Earl of Chester's Yeomanry Cavalry by Francis Grant, Hilda, Mrs Cuthbert Leicester Warren by Simon Elwes, Lt. Colonel John Leicester Warren by Graham Rust, and Margaret Leicester Warren by Philip de László. Also in the room is Extensive Picturesque Landscape, with Gypsies by Francis Bourgeois and, over the sideboard, is the Portrait of the Prince Regent, later George IV by Thomas Lawrence and his studio. The fireplace in the Dining Room is made from Anglesey marble and was designed by George Bullock.

In the centre of the first floor is the Oak Hall, so-called because of the oaks formerly growing on the site of the new hall. It contains a mahogany four-flight staircase. The staircase has triple balusters, and was carved by Shillito. Again the plasterwork is by Oliver. More family portraits hang on its walls and the hall's contents include a hobby horse, a man trap, and an 18th-century sedan chair. Also in the hall is a memorial display for Tabley House School. The other room on the north side of the house is known as the Marble Hall. This was created from Carr's original rooms in the 19th-century alterations. It contains five reliefs on its wall, one of which depicts the nine muses.

The west side of the first floor is occupied by the gallery, which has been described as "one of the great rooms of Cheshire". It contains most of the finest furniture from the house. The items include mirrors and marble tops attributed to the London workshops of Thomas Chippendale, and sofas attributed to George Bullock. There is more furniture by Gillow, a "very rare" 17th-century English virginal signed "Phillip Jones", and an Italian spinet dating from about 1598. Paintings in the gallery include the Portrait of Sir John Fleming Leicester, 1st Lord de Tabley, in Peer's Robes, started by Joshua Reynolds and completed by James Northcote, and Portrait of Georgiana Maria Lady Leicester by Lawrence. There are more paintings by Northcote and Lawrence, and others by James Ward, Julius Caesar Ibbetson, William Hilton, Charles Robert Leslie, Francis Cotes, Henry Fuseli, Augustus Wall Callcott, and George Henry Harlow.

Grounds
The grounds cover an area of about 240 ha and are listed Grade II in the English Heritage Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England. What remains of Tabley Old Hall consists of its shell in three storeys, constructed in red English garden wall bond brick with stone dressings. The ruin is listed at Grade II*, and its moated site and gatehouse are a scheduled monument. To the north of the Old Hall is Moat Farm. One of the farm buildings, dating from the mid-17th century, is listed at Grade II. By Tabley Mere is a boathouse in brick with stone dressings, but lacking a roof, in Gothic style; it is listed at Grade II. On an island in the mere is a folly tower, dating from about 1780, constructed in red brick. It is a circular structure in three storeys, with machicolations and battlements at its summit. The folly is also listed at Grade II.

To the north of Tabley House, off Chester Road, are two entrance lodges, each of which is listed at Grade II. The White Lodge dates from about 1770 and was probably designed by John Carr. It is constructed in whitewashed English garden wall bond brick with a slate roof. The Red Lodge dates from the late 19th century; it is constructed in English garden wall bond brick with timber framing, and has a tiled roof. St Peter's Church to the west of the house is a Grade I listed building. It is joined to the house by a linking building, constructed in 1927–29 in red Flemish bond brick with stone dressings and a stone slate roof. The linking building is listed at Grade II. To the south of the house is a sundial dating from the early 19th century constructed in stone with a copper dial and gnomon; it is listed at Grade II. To the south of this is a parterre wall, about 1 m high, constructed in red Flemish bond brick, with piers carrying stone balls. It is also listed at Grade II.

To the north of the house is the former stable block dating from about 1760, designed by John Carr. It was converted and extended in 1995–96. The block is constructed in red brick with stone dressings and green slate roofs. Although it has been altered since it was originally built, it has maintained its Grade II listing for its "group value", recognising "the importance of its massing and exterior character to the setting of Tabley House". To the north of the stable block is a dovecote dating from about 1760. It is an octagonal structure in two storeys built in red brick with a slate roof, and is listed at Grade II. The grounds are promoted by the Campaign to Protect Rural England.

Present day
The ground and top floors of the main house, and the wings, are run as Tabley House Nursing Home by Cygnet Health Care, with a separate entrance. The Tabley House Collection exists as an exhibition showcased by the University of Manchester. The rooms on the first floor, with their collection of paintings and furniture, have been open to the public since 1990. These rooms are open at advertised times during the summer months, as is the tea room in the Old Hall Room. The hall is licensed for civil weddings and is available to hire for conferences and meetings. Occasional events are organised at the house. Tabley House is managed by the Tabley House Collection Trust. It is supported by a group known as The Friends of Tabley, and by volunteers.

title: Tabley House


text: Category:People from Quebec stubs

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:People from Quebec stubs


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User talk:Buzoo

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this:. Four tildes ( ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!→ Jarlaxle Artemis   05:35, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Buzoo


text:
Stellenbosch Local Municipality

Stellenbosch Municipality (Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit, uMasipala wase Stellenbosch) is the local municipality that governs the towns of Stellenbosch, Franschhoek and Pniel, and the surrounding rural areas, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It covers an area of 831 km2, and had a population of 155,733 people in 43,420 households. It falls within the Cape Winelands District Municipality.

Geography
The municipality covers an area of 831 km2 around the towns of Stellenbosch and Franschhoek. To the west and southwest it extends as far as the urban edge of the Cape Town metropolitan area, while to the east and southeast it is bounded by mountain ranges. The western part of the municipality around Stellenbosch and the eastern part in the Franschhoek valley are separated by mountains through which the Helshoogte Pass travels. The Stellenbosch Municipality abuts on the Drakenstein Municipality to the north, the Breede Valley Municipality to the northeast, the Theewaterskloof Municipality to the southeast and the City of Cape Town to the west and southwest.

About half of the residents of the municipality live in Stellenbosch and its suburbs, which have a total population of 77,476. The second-largest town is Franschhoek with 15,616 residents. Klapmuts (pop. 7,703) is situated on the northern edge of the municipality next to the N1 national road. In the Helshoogte Pass between Stellenbosch and Franschhoek are the villages of Pniel (pop. 1,975), Kylemore (pop. 4,328) and Languedoc (pop. 4,289). Other rural settlements in the municipality are Jamestown (pop. 2,840), Koelenhof (pop. 302), Lynedoch (pop. 108), Raithby (pop. 908) and Wiesiesdraai (pop. 1,727).

History
At the end of the apartheid era, the area that is today the Stellenbosch Municipality formed part of the Western Cape Regional Services Council (RSC). The towns of Stellenbosch and Franschhoek were governed by municipal councils elected by their white residents. The coloured residents of Idas Valley and Cloetesville (Stellenbosch) and Groendal (Franschhoek) were governed by management committees subordinate to the white councils; those resident in Johannesdal, Kylemore and Klapmuts South by management committees subordinate to the RSC. Kayamandi was governed by a town council established under the Black Local Authorities Act, 1982. The former mission station of Pniel was governed by a board of management.

While the negotiations to end apartheid were taking place a process was established for local authorities to agree on voluntary mergers. The Franschhoek Municipality and Groendal Management Committee took part in this process, merging to create the non-racial Municipality for the Area of Franschhoek in September 1992.

After the national elections of 1994 a process of local government transformation began, in which negotiations were held between the existing local authorities, political parties, and local community organisations. As a result of these negotiations, the existing local authorities were dissolved and transitional local councils (TLCs) were created for each town and village. In January 1995 the Pniel Management Board was replaced by the Pniel TLC. In February 1995 the Stellenbosch TLC was established, replacing the Stellenbosch Municipality, the Kayamandi Town Council, and the management committees of Idas Valley/Cloetesville, Johannesdal, Kylemore and Klapmuts South. In the same month the Franschhoek TLC replaced the Municipality for the Area of Franschhoek, and the Western Cape RSC was reconstituted as the Winelands RSC after the Cape Town metropolitan area was removed from the jurisdiction of the RSC.

The transitional councils were initially made up of members nominated by the various parties to the negotiations, until May 1996 when elections were held. At these elections the Winelands District Council was established, replacing the Winelands RSC. Transitional representative councils (TRCs) were also elected to represent rural areas outside the TLCs on the District Council; the area that was to become Stellenbosch Municipality included the Stellenbosch TRC and part of the Paarl TRC.

At the local elections of December 2000 the TLCs and TRCs were dissolved and the Stellenbosch Municipality was established as a single local authority. At the same election the Winelands District Council was also dissolved and replaced by the Boland District Municipality. In 2006 a rural area to the southeast of Brackenfell was removed from the City of Cape Town and added to Stellenbosch Municipality.

Demographics
According to the South African National Census of 2011, the population of the Stellenbosch Municipality was 155,733. This represents an annual growth rate of 2.7% compared to the result of the previous census in 2001 which found a population of 118,709 people. The sex ratio was 96, meaning that there were slightly more women than men. 52.2% of the population described themselves as Coloured (racially mixed), 28.1% as African, 18.5% as White, and 0.4% as Indian or Asian. When asked about their first language, 67.7% cited Afrikaans, 20.8% Xhosa and 7.2% English. 22.8% of the population was under the age of 15, while 4.9% was 65 or older.

Of those residents aged 20 or older, 3.2% had received no schooling, 13.0% had some schooling but did not finish primary school, 6.2% finished primary school but had no secondary schooling, 35.0% had some secondary schooling but did not finish Grade 12, 25.3% finished Grade 12 but had no higher education, and 17.4% had higher education. Overall, 42.7% had at least a Grade 12 education. Of those aged between 5 and 25, 70.0% were attending an educational institution. Amongst those aged between 15 and 65 the unemployment rate was 15.1%. The average annual household income was R154,617.

There were 43,420 households in the municipality, giving an average household size of 3.3 people. Of those households, 75.1% were in formal structures (houses or flats), while 22.9% were in informal structures (shacks). 92.9% of households used electricity for lighting. 80.5% of households had piped water to the dwelling, while 18.6% had piped water through a communal tap. 89.4% of households had regular refuse collection service. 91.7% of households had a flush or chemical toilet, while 2.6% used a bucket toilet. 81.1% of households had a refrigerator, 83.0% had a television and 67.6% had a radio. Only 25.9% had a landline telephone, but 89.2% had a cellphone. 37.7% had a computer, and 45.3% had access to the Internet (either through a computer or a cellphone).

Politics
The municipal council consists of forty-five members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Twenty-three councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in twenty-three wards, while the remaining twenty-two are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the 2021 local government elections, the Democratic Alliance (DA) received a majority of twenty-eight seats on the council.

The following table shows the results of the 2021 election.

Mayors

 * Gesie van Deventer (August 2016 – present) (DA)
 * Conrad Sidego (June 2011 – August 2016) (DA)
 * Cyril Jooste (December 2009 - June 2011) (DA)
 * Patrick Swartz (April 2008 - December 2009) (KCA)
 * Lauretta Maree (March 2006 - April 2008) (DA)
 * Willie Ortell (October 2002 - March 2006) (NNP)

Political history
In the local government elections of 2000, the Democratic Alliance came to power in Stellenbosch. The administration was short-lived, however, and in October 2002, an African National Congress (ANC) and New National Party (NNP) coalition took over the council when four councillors defected from the DA and a local community party during a floor-crossing period. Willie Ortell (NNP) was elected mayor and GW Adonis (ANC) was chosen as deputy mayor.

After the next local government elections in 2006, a coalition was formed by the DA and several smaller parties, and Lauretta Maree of the DA was elected as executive mayor and Khulile Shubani of the United Democratic Movement (UDM) as deputy-mayor. In February 2008 councillor Myra Linders left the DA and stood as an independent candidate in the resulting by-election, and won. Her shift in allegiance allowed an ANC-led coalition, with the swing votes of the two councillors from the Kayamandi Community Alliance (KCA) to take control of the council in April 2008. Patrick Swartz of the KCA was elected mayor while Cameron Mcako of the ANC became deputy mayor. After serious allegations of fraud by councillors surfaced, Myra Linders once again used her swing vote to topple the administration in December 2009 by supporting a DA-led motion of no-confidence in the mayor, deputy mayor and speaker Gordon Pheiffer of the ANC. Cyril Jooste of the DA became the new mayor, and Mcako and Pheiffer both resigned.

In the 2011 local government elections voters handed the DA an outright majority of twenty-five seats on the council, resulting in the first stable municipal council in more than a decade. Conrad Sidego of the DA was appointed the new mayor.

In the 2016 local government elections, the DA increased their majority in the council to thirty seats. Gesie van Deventer of the DA was elected as the new mayor.

title: Stellenbosch Local Municipality


text:
Titus Quinctius Atta

Titus Quinctius Atta (died 77 BC) was a Roman comedy writer, and, like Titinius and Afranius, was distinguished as a writer of fabulae togatae, national comedies.

Works
He had the reputation of being a vivid delineator of character, especially female. He also seems to have published a collection of epigrams. The scanty fragments contain many archaisms, but are lively in style. According to Horace (Epistles, ii 1. 79), the plays of Atta were still put on the stage in his lifetime.

Surviving titles and fragments
We only have the titles (and associated fragments) of twelve of Atta's plays.

title: Titus Quinctius Atta


text: Template:Quebec-stub

title: Template:Quebec-stub


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Prince-Bishopric of Worms

The Prince-Bishopric of Worms was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. Located on both banks of the Rhine around Worms just north of the union of that river with the Neckar, it was largely surrounded by the Electorate of the Palatinate. Worms had been the seat of a bishop from Roman times. From the High Middle Ages on, the prince-bishops' secular jurisdiction no longer included the city of Worms, which was an Imperial Free City (the Free Imperial City of Worms) and which became officially Protestant during the Reformation. The prince-bishops however retained jurisdiction over the Cathedral of Worms inside the city.

In 1795 Worms itself, as well as the entire territory of the prince-bishopric on the left bank of the Rhine, was occupied and annexed by France. In the wake of the territorial reorganizations that came with the German mediatization of 1802, the remaining territory of the bishopric, along with that of nearly all the other ecclesiastical principalities, was secularized. In this case, it was annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt.

title: Prince-Bishopric of Worms


text:
User talk:Dustylee

Hi. Welcome to Wikipedia :-)

I just wanted to say a few minor things, first... please sign your talk page comments by typing "---~" to the end. That way everyone will know who said what. Secondly, talk pages are not about the subject, but about the article so just "chatting" might be frowned upon.

Thanks for your consideration, enjoy your stay :-) --kooo 05:42, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dustylee


text:
George Local Municipality

George Municipality (George Munisipaliteit; uMasipala wase Joji) is a local municipality within the Garden Route District Municipality, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. , the population is 193,672. Its municipality code is WC044.

Geography
The municipality covers an area of 5191 km2 in the Garden Route and Little Karoo regions. It includes the coastal plateau around the city of George, and extends northeast over the Outeniqua Mountains to include the eastern end of the Little Karoo as far as the Swartberg mountains and the boundary with the Eastern Cape province. It abuts on the Mossel Bay Municipality to the west, the Oudtshoorn Municipality to the northwest, the Dr Beyers Naudé Municipality to the northeast, the Kou-Kamma Municipality to the east, and the Bitou and Knysna Municipalities to the southeast.

According to the 2011 census the municipality has a population of 193,672 people in 53,551 households. Of this population, 50.4% describe themselves as "Coloured", 28.2% as "Black African", and 19.7% as "White". The first language of 67.2% of the population is Afrikaans, while 21.7% speak Xhosa and 8.1% speak English.

The majority of the residents of the municipality are in the city of George, which as of 2011 has a population of 157,394. Close to George are the coastal resorts of Herolds Bay (pop. 704) and Wilderness (pop. 6,164). Haarlem (pop. 2,376) and Uniondale (pop. 4,525) are in the interior of the municipality at the top of the Langkloof.

History
At the end of the apartheid era, the area that is today the George Municipality was divided between two Regional Services Councils (RSCs): the coastal area around George and Wilderness formed part of the South Cape RSC, while the interior area north of the Outeniqua Mountains formed part of the Klein Karoo RSC. The town of George was governed by a municipal council elected by its white residents, while coloured residents of George were governed by a management committee subordinate to the white council. There was a separate municipal council in neighbouring Pacaltsdorp where, uniquely amongst Cape Province municipalities, coloured voters retained the right to vote. Thembalethu was governed by a town council established under the Black Local Authorities Act, 1982. In the Wilderness area there were three local councils for Wilderness proper, Wilderness Heights, and Hoekwil. Herolds Bay was also governed by a local council. In the Langkloof, the white voters of Uniondale elected a local council while the coloured voters elected a management committee, and the former mission settlement of Haarlem was governed by a board of management.

While the negotiations to end apartheid were taking place a process was established for local authorities to agree on voluntary mergers. In September 1992 the Municipality of George and the George Management Committee merged to form a single municipal council. In July 1993 a further agreement incorporated the Herolds Bay Local Council into the Municipality of George.

After the national elections of 1994 a process of local government transformation began, in which negotiations were held between the existing local authorities, political parties, and local community organisations. As a result of these negotiations, the existing local authorities were dissolved and transitional local councils (TLCs) were created for each town and village. The transitional councils were initially made up of members nominated by the various parties to the negotiations, until May 1996 when elections were held. At these elections the Regional Services Councils were replaced by District Councils (DCs), and transitional representative councils (TRCs) were elected to represent rural areas outside the TLCs on the DCs. The area that is today the George Municipality included part of the Outeniqua TRC under the South Cape DC, and the Uniondale TRC and most of the Bo-Langkloof TRC under the Klein Karoo DC.
 * Wilderness TLC replaced the local councils of Wilderness, Wilderness Heights and Hoekwil in January 1995.
 * Uniondale TLC replaced the Uniondale Local Council and Management Committee in January 1995.
 * Haarlem TLC replaced the Haarlem Management Board in January 1995.
 * George TLC replaced the municipalities of George and Pacaltsdorp as well as Thembalethu Town Council in February 1995.

At the local elections of December 2000 the transitional councils were dissolved. The South Cape and Klein Karoo DCs were replaced by the Eden District Municipality. George Municipality was established as a single local authority to govern the coastal area, while the interior area north of the Outeniqua Mountains became a District Management Area (DMA) of the Eden District. In 2011 this area was incorporated into George Municipality when District Management Areas were abolished. Also in 2011 the Hoogekraal Plantation area north of Sedgefield was transferred from George Municipality to Knysna Municipality.

Politics
The municipal council consists of fifty-three members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Twenty-seven councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in twenty-seven wards, while the remaining twenty-six are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 no party obtained a majority of seats on the council. The DA did, however, win the largest amount of seats. The DA then formed a majority coalition government with the Freedom Front Plus (FF Plus) and the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) to govern the municipality.

The following table shows the results of the 2021 election.

title: George Local Municipality


text:
Talk:Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine

Untitled
Would anyone object to moving this to Prince Charles of Lorraine, since there have been numerous notable Charleses of Lorraine (and even numerous notable Charleses of Lorraine who were Austrian military commanders!)? john k 05:43, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * OK with me. But are you sure that none of those other Charleses are princes? An other alternative would be Charles of Lorraine (1712-1780). Eugene van der Pijll 11:52, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Moved to Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine. He was never ruler of Lorraine, therefore princely title is added per Wikipedia naming convention. Gryffindor  01:15, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't understand: because he never was a prince we include prince into his name, cluttering the article title?
 * All the reigning members of the house of Lorraine have Duke of Lorraine in their title, he doesn't. That should have been enough.Str1977 (smile back) 08:34, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * You mean he was not a prince? What title did he have then? Gryffindor  18:38, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

To answer Str1977: YES, he was a prince. As a son of Leopold,_Duke_of_Lorraine, Charles Alexander was Prince of Lorraine from birth. He doesn't have Duke of Lorraine in [sic] his title because he never reigned over Lorraine (having 4 older brothers generally prevents that).

Poor man! In one week, he lost his beloved wife, child, and mother. Esaons (talk) 14:34, 13 September 2010 (UTC)

Translation needed
''With events including his brother François Stephen de Lorraine (Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor) taking the throne of the Holy Roman Empire and relinquishing the duchy Lorraine, the ducal title to the somewhat ambiguously ruled Lorraine passed to France, back to Charles nominally for a brief time, and back to France temporarily in 1766—all of which was later made moot by the French Revolution of 1789. ''

Mein Gott! Would someone be kind enough to translate that in English?