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Grammy Award for Best Hawaiian Music Album

The Grammy Award for Best Hawaiian Music Album was an honor presented to recording artists from 2005 to 2011 for quality Hawaiian music albums. The Grammy Awards, an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards, are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to "honor artistic achievement, technical proficiency, and overall excellence in the recording industry, without regard to album sales or chart position".

Campaigning resulted in the Hawaiian category's establishment in 2005. Prior to its creation, Hawaiian music recordings were eligible for the Best World Music Album category but no Hawaiian musician or group had ever won a Grammy Award. During its seven-year history, awards were presented to Charles M. Brotman for Slack Key Guitar: Volume 2, producers Daniel Ho, Paul Konwiser and Wayne Wong for Masters of Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar: Volume One, the same production team plus George Kahumoku, Jr. for Legends of Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar: Live from Maui in 2007 followed by Treasures of Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar in 2008, and Masters of Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar: Volume 2 in 2010, Tia Carrere and Ho for Ikena, and Carrere for Huana Ke Aloha in 2011. Eligible recordings had to feature the Hawaiian language on "more than half of its vocal tracks", though instrumental albums were also acceptable. Awards were presented to the engineers, mixers, and/or producers in addition to the performing artists.

Daniel Ho holds the record for the most wins, with five. Four-time recipients include Paul Konwiser and Wayne Wong as producers. George Kahumoku, Jr. earned three awards as a producer, and Tia Carrere earned two as a performing artist. Ho also holds the record for the most nominations, with seven. Amy Hānaialiʻi Gilliom holds the record for the most nominations without a win, with five. Six of the seven Grammy-winning albums were released through the record label Daniel Ho Creations. In 2011, the Recording Academy announced the retirement of the award category. Beginning in 2012, Hawaiian music recordings were eligible for the Best Regional Roots Music Album category.

Background
For decades prior to the creation of the Best Hawaiian Music Album category, advocates for Hawaiian music took issue with recordings only being eligible for the Best World Music Album category. Advocates included musicians, record labels, government officials, and the Seattle-based Pacific Northwest Chapter of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. No Hawaiian musician or group had been awarded a Grammy prior to the establishment of the Hawaiian Music category. One obstacle to the category's creation was defining Hawaiian music, and the eligibility requirements, in terms of music stylings and language restrictions. There has been conflict between traditional and Western-influenced Hawaiian music, mostly pertaining to the use of the slack-key guitar, an instrument invented in Hawaii but commercialized by "mainlanders". According to Academy representative Bill Freimuth, the category was designed "for recordings of a more traditional nature". Requiring the use of Hawaiian language on more than half of its vocal tracks encouraged the recognition of traditional music, but instrumental albums (such as the compilation album honored at the 47th Grammy Awards) circumvented this requirement.

History

Nominees for the 47th Grammy Awards (2005) included: The Brothers Cazimero for Some Call It Aloha... Don't Tell, producer Charles M. Brotman for Slack Key Guitar: Volume 2, Ho'okena for Cool Elevation, Amy Hānaialiʻi Gilliom, and arranger and multi-instrumentalist Willie K (born William Kahaialiʻi) for Amy & Willie Live, and Kealiʻi Reichel for Keʻalaokamaile. Hanaialiʻi and Reichel both expressed happiness at being nominated, the latter stating, "This is the culmination of the work of chanters, singers and poetry writers that dates back over a thousand years." One NPR contributor wrote that the nominees illustrated the range of Hawaiian music at the time, "from traditional songs for guitar and ukulele to more modernized approaches". Some Call It Aloha... Don't Tell contained traditional Hawaiian folk songs and chants and the use of traditional instruments such as the acoustic bass and 12-string guitar. Hoʻokena members Many Boyd, Horace K. Dudoit III, Chris Kamaka and Glen H.K. Smith created music for Cool Elevation using the ukulele, acoustic bass, and guitar. Scott Iwasaki of the Deseret News described Amy & Willie Live as a "playful array of Hawaiian jazz". Ke'alaokamaile, a concept album about Reichel's immediate ancestors, combines traditional Hawaiian chants with original songs. The album also included contemporary covers of Babyface's "You Were There", Karla Bonoff's "Goodbye My Friend", and Sting's "Fields of Gold". The award went to Brotman for the slack key guitar compilation album recorded in Hawaii and described by journalist Nate Chinen as "an easy-listening instrumental compilation seemingly tailored to mainland tastes". According to Jon de Mello, founder of Hawaiian record label Mountain Apple Company, other nominees' "jaws dropped on the ground" at the ceremony in reaction to their works being overlooked. Chinen claimed the Academy's "safe, bland" choice set a precedent for compilations and slack key use (five nominees the following year were slack key albums).

For the 48th Grammy Awards (2006), nominees included: Kapono Beamer for Slack Key Dreams of the Ponomoe, Raiatea Helm for Sweet & Lovely, Ledward Kaapana for Kiho'alu: Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar, Sonny Lim for Slack Key Guitar: The Artistry of Sonny Lim, and Daniel Ho, Paul Konwiser and Wayne Wong for Masters of Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar: Volume One. Allmusic's Adam Greenberg described Slack Key Dreams of the Ponomoe as an ambient album with an "easy listening" sound accented with slack key motives. Songs about Beamer's family and childhood were sung in Hawaiian but also English. Sweet & Lovely featured "classic, early tourist-era" Hawaiian music and guest performances by Kealiʻi Reichel and Auntie Genoa Keawe. Greenberg complimented Helm for her ukulele playing and "stunning" falsetto. Lim's first solo album contained slack key compositions fused with "touches of folk and possibly even adult contemporary stylings". Masters of Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar, which peaked at number fifteen on Billboard Top World Music Albums chart, featured twelve live tracks recorded from the weekly slack key guitar concerts that took place in Maui. Awards were presented to Ho, Konwiser and Wong as producers of the compilation album. Peter deAquino, George and Keoki Kahumoku, and Garrett Probst joined producers Ho and Wong on stage at the podium during the pre-telecast ceremony to accept the award.

2007 nominees included: Amy Hānaialiʻi Gilliom for Generation Hawai'i, producers Daniel Ho, George Kahumoku Jr., Paul Konwiser and Wayne Wong for the compilation album Legends of Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar: Live from Maui, Ledward Kaapana for Grandmaster Slack Key Guitar, Henry Kapono for The Wild Hawaiian, and producers Chris and Milton Lau for the compilation album Hawaiian Slack Key Kings. Generation Hawai'i and The Wild Hawaiian were the two vocal-driven albums nominated, while the three remaining nominees were slack-key driven. The Wild Hawaiian consisted of rock songs in Hawaiian which drew sound comparisons to Jimi Hendrix and Carlos Santana. Awards were presented to Daniel Ho, George Kahumoku Jr., Konwiser and Wong. Ho, Konwiser and Wong became the first multiple recipients in the category as well as the first consecutive award recipients. Musicians Peter deAquino, Richard Ho'opi'i, Kaapana, and Garrett Probst of Da Ukulele Boys, all of whom contributed live tracks to the album, joined the producers on stage to perform "Hawaii Aloha" a cappella for the audience and to accept the award. Kahumoku's acceptance speech stressed the importance of funding public arts and music education, earning him a standing ovation from the audience.

Nominees for the 50th Grammy Awards (2008) included: Keola Beamer for Ka Hikina O Ka Hau (The Coming of the Snow), Tia Carrere for Hawaiiana, Raiatea Helm for Hawaiian Blossom, Cyril Pahinui for He‘eia, and previous award recipients Ho, Kahumoku, Konwiser and Wong for Treasures of Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar. For Ka Hikina O Ka Hau, Beamer layers multiple guitars in different tunings to works by John Dowland, Ástor Piazzolla, Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky, and other composers. Carrere's nomination resulted in People magazine including her on their list of "Strange Grammy Nominees" for her past associations with the Wayne's World films and television show Dancing with the Stars. Hawaiian Blossom, Helm's third studio album, included guest artists Robert Cazimero and Led Kaapana. Greenberg again complimented Helm's falsetto vocals and recommended the album for fans of traditional Hawaiian music with a "contemporary twist". Awards were presented to Ho, Kahumoku, Konwiser and Wong; Daniel Ho also received an award as the engineer of the compilation album, which reached number twelve on Billboard Top World Music Albums chart. This marked the third consecutive win for the production team's live recording of Maui's long-running "Masters of Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar" concert series. 2008 was also the first year in which the presentation of the award for Hawaiian Music Album was broadcast live on the Academy's official website.

2009 nominees included: Tia Carrere and Daniel Ho for Ikena, Amy Hanaiali'i for Aumakua, Led Kaapana and Mike Kaawa for Force of Nature, producers Chris and Milton Lau for Hawaiian Slack Key Kings Masters Series: Volume II, and Ho, Kahumoku, Dennis Kamakahi, Konwiser and Wong for the compilation album The Spirit of Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar. This year marked the first time in the category's history that all nominees were previous Best Hawaiian Music Album nominees—Hanaiali'i and Kaapana both received nominations in 2004 and 2006, Carrere was nominated in 2008, and Chris and Milton Lau were also nominated in 2006. Awards were presented to Carrere and Ho as performing artists, Amy Ku'uleialoha Stillman as a producer, and Ho as both a producer and engineer. Carrere and Ho became the first nominees to win awards as recording artists following four consecutive years of producers and engineers receiving awards for compilation albums.

For the 52nd Grammy Awards (2010), nominees included: Tia Carrere and Daniel Ho for He Nani, Amy Hanaiali'i for Friends & Family of Hawai'i, Hoʻokena for Nani Mau Loa: Everlasting Beauty, and producers Ho, Kahumoku, Konwiser and Wong for Masters of Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar: Volume 2. A tied vote for the fifth nominee resulted in only four nominated works. Family & Friends of Hawai'i contained vocal pop duets set to Matt Catingub's orchestral arrangements and reached a peak position of number three on Billboard Top World Albums chart. The album featured guests Kamakahi, Willie Nelson, and Keali'i Reichel, among others. The second volume of Masters of Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar contained performances by falsetto vocalist Richard Ho'opi'i, steel guitarist Bobby Ingano, and slack-key players Kawika Kahiapo, Kamakahi, Sonny Lim, and co-producer Kahumoku. Hanaiali'i and her brother Eric Gilliom performed during the awards ceremony, providing a "mock opera lead-in" for Jamie Foxx on the song "Blame It". In addition to Ho, Kahumoku, Konwiser and Wong, awards were given to Peter deAquino, Ho and Sterling Seaton as the engineers/mixers. Guitarist Jeff Peterson joined the award winners on stage during the presentation. The win marked the fifth for a compilation album and the fourth to be co-produced by Ho. Konwiser and Wong became four-time award recipients, while Kahumoku (who was not credited as a producer of the 2006 award-winning compilation album) became a three-time recipient.

Nominees for the 53rd Grammy Awards included: Tia Carrere for Huana Ke Aloha, Amy Hanaiali'i and Slack Key Masters of Hawaii for Amy Hanaiali'i and Slack Key Masters of Hawaii, Daniel Ho for Polani, Ledward Kaapana for The Legend, and Jeff Peterson for Maui on My Mind: Hawaiian Slack Key Guitar. Neither of Ho's nominated compilation albums featured the slack-key guitar. In addition to Carrere, awards were presented to Amy Ku'uleialoha Stillman as a producer and Daniel Ho as a producer and engineer/mixer. Related to the controversy surrounding Ho's multiple wins and supposed connections to the music industry, New York magazine called Carrere's win the "Best Grammy That'll Piss People Off". Carrere reportedly gave much of the credit to Ho, her long-time friend and producer. Huana Ke Aloha became the sixth consecutive Grammy-winning album released through the record label Daniel Ho Creations, causing some musicians and journalists to question whether or not the "playing field" was level. Carrere, Ho and Stillman claimed to have faced "serious consequences for the reception of [their] work and success" by being nominated, since all three lived and worked outside of Hawaii. Ho had been specifically targeted for residing in Los Angeles and participating in various Grammy-related events throughout the year, providing an unfair advantage. Voting members of the Academy had also been criticized for not being qualified to judge Hawaiian music.

Category retirement
In 2011, the category Best Hawaiian Music Album, along with thirty others, was eliminated due to a major category overhaul by the Recording Academy. Four additional categories in the American Roots Music field were eliminated (Best Contemporary Folk Album, Best Native American Music Album, Best Traditional Folk Album, Best Zydeco or Cajun Music Album). These were all replaced by one American Roots Music award, the Grammy for Best Regional Roots Music Album.

Daniel Ho was disappointed by the category's retirement, but considered the seven years the award was presented a "gift from the Recording Academy". Ho hoped that the category's elimination would eliminate the "craziness" surrounding the Hawaiian music controversy (he and Carrere were accused of lacking appreciation for Hawaiian music and for having inside connections to the music industry by residing in Los Angeles). Four-time award winner George Kahumoku, Jr. expressed similar disappointment, but was partly consoled by the fact that Hawaiian music recordings would still be included in the Regional Roots Music Album category. The record label Mountain Apple Company issued a statement claiming: "Hawaiian music deserves to be acknowledged as a category in its own right, not only for reasons of language but for cultural and historical reasons as well... The loss of the Grammy for Best Hawaiian Music Album is not only a major loss to the Hawaiian, but to music lovers across the globe". Michael Cord of HanaOla Records was also saddened by the elimination, but considered it "a long time coming". Hawaiian music works will now be eligible for the Best Regional Roots Music Album category.

Kalani Pe'a is the only Hawaiian Music artist to win in the new catch all category. Pe'a took home his first Grammy Award in 2017 and his second award in 2019. Pe'a also presented at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards Premiere Ceremony.


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2005 Tim Hortons Brier

The 2005 Tim Hortons Brier, the Canadian men's curling championship, was held at Rexall Place in Edmonton, Alberta from March 5 to 13. The tournament consisted of 12 teams, one from each province, plus a team representing the Yukon and Northwest Territories, plus a team representing Northern Ontario. The defending champion, Mark Dacey, did not participate, as he was knocked out in the Nova Scotia final by Shawn Adams' team. The tournament featured 3-time Brier champion (2001, 2002, 2003) Randy Ferbey of Alberta, 1998 Champion Wayne Middaugh of Ontario, 2003 and 2004 Newfoundland and Labrador champion Brad Gushue, 2000 and 2002 Nova Scotia champion Shawn Adams, 1992 and 2001 Yukon/Northwest Territories champion skip Steve Moss, 1986 New Brunswick champion Wade Blanchard, 2002 and 2003 British Columbia champion (third and second respectively for Pat Ryan), Deane Horning, 1981 and 1996 Prince Edward Island champion lead for Peter MacDonald, Rod MacDonald; 2003 Quebec champion second for Guy Hemmings, Jean-Michel Ménard as well as three new teams: Randy Dutiaume of Manitoba, Mike Jakubo of Northern Ontario and Pat Simmons of Saskatchewan.

The event was a success, with the total attendance of 281,985 setting a Brier record. In the end, the home town team of Randy Ferbey and company won. This was the fourth win in 5 years for the team in their fifth final appearance in a row. They would set a record for the most Brier wins as a complete team. The final, against Shawn Adams' Nova Scotia rink, marked the third year in a row Nova Scotia and Alberta met in the final.

Round-robin standings
Final round-robin standings

Round-robin results
All draw times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (UTC−5).

Draw 1
Saturday, March 5, 16:00

Draw 2
Saturday, March 5, 20:30

Draw 3
Sunday, March 6, 11:30

Draw 4
Sunday, March 6, 16:00

Draw 5
Sunday, March 6, 20:30

Draw 6
Monday, March 7, 11:30

Draw 7
Monday, March 7, 16:00

Draw 8
Monday, March 7, 20:30

Draw 9
Tuesday, March 8, 11:30

Draw 10
Tuesday, March 8, 16:00

Draw 11
Tuesday, March 8, 20:30

Draw 12
Wednesday, March 9, 11:30

Draw 13
Wednesday, March 9, 16:00

Draw 14
Wednesday, March 9, 20:30

Draw 15
Thursday, March 10, 11:30

Draw 16
Thursday, March 10, 16:00

Draw 17
Thursday, March 10, 20:30

Playoffs
The Tim Hortons Brier uses the page playoff system where the top four teams with the best records at the end of round-robin play meet in the playoff rounds. The first and second place teams play each other, with the winner advancing directly to the final. The winner of the other page playoff game between the third and fourth place teams plays the loser of the first/second playoff game in the semi-final. The winner of the semi-final moves on to the final.

1 vs. 2 game
Friday, March 11, 20:30

Alberta advanced to the 2005 Brier Final with a 7-4 win over Manitoba. The 7th end proved to be pivotal, as Alberta stole it to take a 5-3 lead. Manitoba played Nova Scotia in the semifinal.

3 vs. 4 game
Friday, March 11, 13:00

Nova Scotia eliminated Quebec, giving them a berth in the semifinal. Nova Scotia skip Shawn Adams clinched the game with a draw to the 4-foot to beat two Quebec stones on his last shot of the 10th end.

Semifinal
Saturday, March 12, 14:00

A mistake by Manitoba's Randy Dutiaume on his final shot in the third end allowed Shawn Adams' Nova Scotia rink to pick up 4 points, and they never looked back despite a late come-back by Manitoba. Nova Scotia would advance to the 2005 Brier Final.

Final
Sunday, March 13, 19:00

Nova Scotia and Alberta would meet in the Brier Final for the third year in a row, except this time with a different Nova Scotia team. Ferbey and his Alberta foursome were making their fifth straight final appearance. In a close game, Alberta's questionable calls proved to be anything but costly. In the 9th end, Alberta's fourth David Nedohin on his first shot took out his own rock which would end up forcing a blank to keep hammer in the 10th. In the 10th end, Nedohin made another controversial shot, drawing to the 4-foot instead of peeling the corner guard. This forced Nova Scotia's Shawn Adams to make a difficult draw to keep hope alive. Adams' shot sat at the back of the 4-foot, and all Nedohin had to do to win was draw again for the win, which he did. It was their fourth Brier win in the last 5 years.

Awards

 * Tournament Most Valuable Player: David Nedohin, Alberta

First All-Star team
 * Lead: Marcel Rocque, Alberta
 * Second: Scott Pfeifer, Alberta
 * Third: Randy Ferbey, Alberta
 * Fourth: David Nedohin, Alberta

Second All-Star team
 * Lead: Kelly Mittelstadt, Nova Scotia
 * Second: Greg Melnichuk, Manitoba
 * Third: Paul Flemming, Nova Scotia
 * Skip: Shawn Adams, Nova Scotia

Top 5 player percentages
Round Robin only, minimum 8 games

Provincial playdowns
Defending provincial champions indicated in bold.

Alberta
@ the Innisfail Arena in Innisfail. Randy Ferbey defeated Jamie King 8-6 in the finals on February 13. Standings

Pool A Pool B
 * Randy Ferbey, Granite CC, Edmonton (5-0) (won "A1-B1" game; won final)
 * Mark Johnson, Saville Centre, Edmonton (4-1) (lost "A2-B3" game)
 * Terry Meek, Calgary CC (3-2) (lost "B2-A3" game)
 * Kurt Balderston, Sexsmith CC (2-3)
 * John Climenhaga, Saville Centre, Edmonton (1-4)
 * James Knievel, Manning CC (0-5)
 * Jamie King, Saville Centre, Edmonton (5-0) (lost "A1-B1" game; won-semi-final; lost final)
 * Rob Armitage, Red Deer CC (3-2) (won "A2-B3" game; won quarter-final; lost semi-final)
 * John Morris, Innisfail CC (4-1) (won "B2-A3" game; lost quarter-final)
 * Dean Davidson, Vermilion CC (2-3)
 * Frank Morissette, Calgary CC (1-4)
 * Adrian Bakker, Calgary Winter Club (0-5)

British Columbia
@ the Smithers Curling Club in Smithers. Deane Horning defeated Bob Ursel 7-5 in the finals on February 6. Standings
 * Deane Horning, Trail CC (5-2) (won semi-final, won final)
 * Bob Ursel, Kelowna CC (6-1) (lost final)
 * Greg McAulay, Richmond CC (5-2) (lost semi-final)
 * Brent Pierce, Royal City CC, New Westminster (4-3)
 * Bert Gretzinger, Kelowna CC (3-4)
 * Wes Craig, Kerry Park CC, Mill Bay (2-5)
 * Dean Joanisse, Victoria CC (2-5)
 * Tom Buchy, Kimberley (1-6)

Jay Peachey, the defending champion did not qualify

Manitoba
@ the Selkirk Memorial Arena in Selkirk. Randy Dutiaume defeated Ryan Fry 8-5 in the finals on February 13. Standings (Double knock-out format until championship round)
 * Randy Dutiaume, Valour Road CC, Winnipeg (7-1)
 * Ryan Fry, St. Vital CC, Winnipeg (7-3)
 * Kerry Burtnyk, Assiniboine Memorial CC, Winnipeg (6-2)
 * Jeff Stoughton, Charleswood CC, Winnipeg (5-2)
 * Brent Scales, Swan River CC (4-2)
 * Peter Nicholls, Elmwood CC, Winnipeg (4-2)
 * Kelly Robertson, Neepawa CC (4-3)
 * Terry McNamee, Brandon CC (3-3)
 * Chris Galbraith, Stonewall CC (3-2)
 * Don Spriggs, Portage CC, Portage la Prairie (3-2)
 * James Kirkness, Ft. Rouge CC, Winnipeg (2-2)
 * Blaine Gogal, Flin Flon CC (2-2)
 * Doug Riach, St. Vital CC, Winnipeg (2-2)
 * Peter Pruden, Petersfield CC (2-2)
 * Bob Sigurdson, Granite CC, Winnipeg (2-2)
 * Peter Prokopowich, Dauphin CC (1-2)
 * Doug Harrison, St. Vital CC, Winnipeg (1-2)
 * Brad Wainikka, Morden CC (1-2)
 * Dave Boehmer, Grain Ex CC, Winnipeg (1-2)
 * Scott Ramsay, Virden CC (1-2)
 * Brent Braemer, Assiniboine Memorial CC, Winnipeg (1-2)
 * Richard Muntain, St. Vital CC, Winnipeg (1-2)
 * Randy Neufeld, LaSalle CC, Sanford (1-2)
 * Murray Warren, Deloraine CC (1-2)
 * Dave Tibbatts, Binscarth CC (0-2)
 * Troy Hamilton, Granite CC, Winnipeg (0-2)
 * Kevin Larson, Springfield CC, Dugald (0-2)
 * Gerry Janz, Baldur CC (0-2)
 * Don Holmes, Flin Flon CC (0-2)
 * Doug Gade, Benito CC (0-2)
 * Dean Steski, Grain Ex CC, Winnipeg (0-2)
 * Rae Hainstock, Thompson CC (0-2)

New Brunswick
@ the Moncton Curling Association in Moncton. Wade Blanchard defeated Russ Howard 9-4 in the finals on February 6. Standings
 * Wade Blanchard, Thistle St. Andrews, Saint John (5-2) (Won Semi-final; won final)
 * Russ Howard, Curling Beausejour, Moncton (6-1) (lost final)
 * Brian Dobson, Thistle St. Andrews, Saint John (5-2) (lost semi-final)
 * Mike Kennedy, Thistle St. Andrews, Saint John (4-3)
 * Jim Sullivan, Thistle St. Andrews, Saint John (3-4)
 * Trevor Hanson, Capital Winter Club, Fredericton (2-5)
 * Wayne Aubie, Bathurst CC (2-5)
 * Tim Comeau, Capital Winter Club, Fredericton (1-6)

Newfoundland and Labrador
@ the Corner Brook Recreation Complex in Corner Brook. Brad Gushue defeated Mark Noseworthy 5-4 in the finals on February 6. Standings
 * Brad Gushue, St. John's CC (7-2) (won semi-final, won final)
 * Mark Noseworthy, St. John's CC (7-2) (lost final)
 * Ken Pedigrew, St. John's CC (6-3) (won tie-breaker; lost semi-final)
 * Bas Buckle, Corner Brook CC (6-3) (lost tie-breaker)
 * Rick Rowsell, St. John's CC (5-4)
 * Gary Oke, Gander CC (5-4)
 * Bob Skanes, Gander CC (4-5)
 * Bob Dillon, Goose Bay CC, Happy Valley – Goose Bay (3-6)
 * Mike Ryan, Carol CC, Labrador City (1-8)
 * Tom Byrne, Caribou CC, Stephenville (1-8)

Northern Ontario
@ the Cobalt-Haileybury Curling Club in Haileybury. Mike Jakubo defeated Tim Phillips 8-7 in the final on February 13. Staindings
 * Mike Jakubo, Copper Cliff CC (6-2) (lost "1-2" game, won semi-final, won final)
 * Tim Phillips, Sudbury CC (7-1) (won "1-2" game, lost final)
 * Bryan Burgess, Fort William CC, Thunder Bay (4-4) (won tie-braker #1, won tie-breaker #2, won quarter-final, lost semi-final)
 * John Salo, Port Arthur CC, Thunder Bay (5-3)
 * Daryl Rowlandson, Englehart CC (4-4) (lost tie-breker #2)
 * Al Harnden, Soo Curlers Association, Sault Ste. Marie (4-4) (lost tie-breaker #1)
 * Rob Gordon, Cobalt-Haileybury CC, Haileybury (3-5)
 * Dave MacInnes, McIntyre CC, Schumacher (3-5)
 * Brent Taylor, Kenora CC (0-8)

Nova Scotia
@ the Bridgewater Curling Club in Bridgewater. Shawn Adams clinched the championship with a 9-6 win over Mark Dacey on February 8. Standings (triple knock-out)
 * Shawn Adams, Mayflower CC, Halifax (7-1)
 * Mark Dacey, Mayflower CC, Halifax (6-3)
 * Mark Kehoe, Mayflower CC, Halifax (5-3)
 * Brian Rafuse, Bridgewater CC (5-3)
 * Graham Breckon, Chester CC (4-3)
 * Scott Saunders, Mayflower CC, Halifax (4-3)
 * Peter Eddy, Mayflower CC, Halifax (3-3)
 * Steve Ogden, Mayflower CC, Halifax (3-3)
 * Kevin White, Bluenose CC, New Glasgow (3-3)
 * Jamie Murphy, Mayflower CC, Halifax (2-3)
 * Arnold Burnard, Halifax CC (1-3)
 * Don MacIntosh, Truro CC (1-3)
 * Doug MacKenzie, Mayflower CC, Halifax (1-3)
 * Chad Stevens, Chester CC (1-3)
 * Andrew Corkum, Mayflower CC, Halifax (0-3)
 * Kevin Ouelette, Lakeshore CC, Lower Sackville (0-3)

Ontario
The 2005 Ontario Kia Cup was held @ the Iroquois Park Sports Centre in Whitby. Wayne Middaugh defeated Glenn Howard 8-7 in the final on February 13. Standings
 * Wayne Middaugh, St. George's Golf & CC, Etobicoke (8-1) (loses "1-2" game, wins semi-final, wins final)
 * Glenn Howard, Coldwater & District CC (7-2) (wins "1-2" game, loses final)
 * Peter Corner, Glanford CC, Mount Hope (6-3) (wins quarter-final, loses semi-final)
 * Greg Balsdon, Guelph Ctry. Club (6-3) (loses quarter-final)
 * Nick Rizzo, Omemee CC (5-4)
 * Brian Lewis, Huntley CC, Ottawa (4-5)
 * Bryan Cochrane, RCMP CC, Ottawa (4-5)
 * Kirk Ziola, Ilderton CC (3-6)
 * Josh Adams, Granite CC of West Ottawa (1-8)
 * Andrew Fairfull, Guelph CC (1-8)

Mike Harris, the defending champion did not qualify

Prince Edward Island
@ the Maple Leaf Curling Club in O'Leary Rod MacDonald defeated John Likely 7-6 in the final on February 13. Standings
 * Rod MacDonald, Charlottetown CC (5-2) (won final)
 * John Likely (4-3), Charlottetown CC (wins tie-breaker, wins semi-final, lost final)
 * Robert Shaw (4-3), Silver Fox, Summerside (wins tie-breaker, loses semi-final)
 * Kyle Stevenson (4-3), Charlottetown CC (loses tie-breaker)
 * Andrew Robinson (4-3), Charlottetown CC (loses tie-breaker)
 * Robert Campbell (3-4), Charlottetown CC
 * Mark Minney (3-4), Charlottetown CC
 * Kevin Ellsworth Western CCC, Alberton (1-6)

Mike Gaudet, the defending champion did not qualify

Quebec
@ the Aréna de Grand-Mère in Shawinigan. Jean-Michel Ménard defeated Robert Desjardins 8-4 in the final on February 13. Standings

A
 * Jean-Michel Ménard, CC Etchemin, Saint-Romuald & CC Victoria, Sainte-Foy (7-0) (won "A1-B1" game, win final)
 * Robert Desjardins, CC Chicoutimi / CC Kénogami, Jonquière (5-2) (won quarter-final, won semi-final, lost final)
 * Denis Roberge, CC Ethemin, Saint-Romuald (4-3)
 * Ted Butler, CC Buckingham (4-3)
 * Daniel Lafleur CC Rosemère, Montreal (3-4)
 * Karl Dubé, CC Rimouski (2-5)
 * Alain Guy, CC Trois-Rivières & CC Laviolette, Trois-Rivières (2-5)
 * Joël Valiquette, CC Vallée de l'or, Sullivan (1-6)

B
 * Claude Brazeau, Jr., CC Longue-Pointe, Montreal (7-0) (lost "A1-B1" game, lost semi-final)
 * Simon Hébert, CC Baie-Comeau & CC Port-Cartier (5-2) (lost quarter-final)
 * Guy Hemmings, CC Longue-Pointe, Montreal (4-3)
 * Don Westphal, CC Boucherville (4-3)
 * Laurent Lapierre, CC Mont-Bruno, Saint-Bruno (3-4)
 * Ghislain Thivierge, CC Riverbend, Alma / CC Kénogami, Jonquière (2-5)
 * Tom Wharry, CC Windsor (2-5)
 * Stéphane Larouche, CC Lacolle (1-6)

Saskatchewan
@ the Melfort Curling Club in Melfort. Pat Simmons defeated Daryl Williamson 7-5 in the final on February 13. Standings:
 * Pat Simmons, Davidson CC (5-3) (wins tie-breaker, wins semi-final, wins final)
 * Daryl Williamson, Rocanville CC (5-3) (loses final)
 * Joel Jordison, Bushell Park CC, Moose Jaw (5-3) (loses semi-final)
 * Dale Craig, Nutana CC, Saskatoon (5-3) (loses tie-breaker)
 * Doug Harcourt, Humboldt (4-4)
 * Jamie Schneider, Tartan CC, Regina (4-4)
 * Brian Humble, Sutherland CC, Saskatoon (3-5)
 * Scott Bitz, Caledonian CC, Regina (3-5)
 * Steve Laycock, Radisson CC (2-6)

Bruce Korte, the defending champion did not qualify

Yukon/Northwest Territories
@ the Yellowknife Curling Club in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. Steve Moss clinched the tournament on February 13 with a 6-5 win over Doug Gee. Standings:
 * Steve Moss, Northwest Territories (4-1)
 * Peter O'Driscol, Northwest Territories (3-2)
 * Chad Cowan, Yukon (3-2)
 * Doug Gee, Yukon (0-5)

Brian Wasnea, the defending champion did not qualify

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 2005 Tim Hortons Brier


text:
Phosphosilicate glass

Phosphosilicate glass, commonly referred to by the acronym PSG, is a silicate glass commonly used in semiconductor device fabrication for intermetal layers, i.e., insulating layers deposited between succeedingly higher metal or conducting layers, due to its effect in gettering alkali ions. Another common type of phosphosilicate glass is borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG).

Soda-lime phosphosilicate glasses also form the basis for bioactive glasses (e.g. Bioglass), a family of materials which chemically convert to mineralised bone (hydroxy-carbonate-apatite) in physiological fluid.

Bismuth doped phosphosilicate glasses are being explored for use as the active gain medium in fiber lasers for fiber-optic communication.

title: Phosphosilicate glass


text:
Shopko

Shopko (stylized as SHOPKO, formerly stylized as ShopKo) was a chain of department stores based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. All locations closed on June 23, 2019, with the exception of the Shopko Optical locations, which continue to operate.

The company was founded in 1962 by James Ruben as ShopKo Corporation (with upper-case "K"). It opened its first store in 1962 in Green Bay, Wisconsin.

From 1991 to 2005, the company was publicly held, with stock traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol SKO. In December 2005, the company was acquired by an affiliate of Sun Capital Partners and reverted to private ownership. Starting that year it opened a number of smaller stores named ShopKo Express. In June 2007, the company changed its name to Shopko Stores Inc. (with lower-case "k").

In 1999, Shopko purchased Pamida, a regional discount chain that operated mainly in smaller communities of 3,000 to 8,000 people. Shopko operated Pamida as a separate division until 2007, when Pamida was separated from Shopko and reestablished as a separate company. In 2012, Shopko and Pamida merged into one company. Shortly after, most Pamida stores were rebranded as Shopko Hometown.

Shopko filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on January 16, 2019. On March 18, 2019, Shopko announced it would close all of its stores by summer 2019. All stores closed on June 23, 2019.

1960s
In March 1961, Chicago pharmacist James Ruben and other investors announced the formation of a corporation to open a $1 million department store in Green Bay, Wisconsin, to be called "Shopco".

The store was opened in April 1962 at 216 S. Military Avenue; by that time, the spelling of the name had been changed to "ShopKo", and the company had been registered as "ShopKo Corporation"  ShopKo became one of the first chains to offer such services as a pharmacy and eye care center within the store.

In 1966, a second store "ShopKo East" was opened on Main Street, in Green Bay's east side, followed by several other locations in the state in the following years.

In September 1969, the first ShopKo store in Michigan opened, in Marquette.

1970s
In June 1970, Ruben announced plans for corporate headquarters on Ashland Avenue in Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin. In that same month, ShopKo Corp. was renamed "ShopKo Stores, Inc."

In January 1971, the firm announced plans to merge with SuperValu of Minneapolis.

Also in 1971, the new Ashwaubenon headquarters opened. The merger with SuperValu was completed in April 1971. In August 1971, ShopKo announced plans to start putting pharmacies in its stores.

In September 1972, Ruben left the company to become president of SuperValu, and William Tyrrell succeeded him.

In 1977, ShopKo topped $100 million in sales. Starting in 1978, ShopKo included optical centers in some stores.

1980s
In 1983–1985, ShopKo opened a few new locations in a few converted former Copps Department Stores, including Fond du Lac, Wisconsin and Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin. This was in response to Copps refocusing their efforts on their supermarket business and to make it less of a prime target for shoplifting. In 1988, a new corporate headquarters opened in Ashwaubenon by the Bay Park Square Mall.The company hit $1 billion in sales on the strength of 87 stores in 1988.

In February 1989, ShopKo and SuperValu introduce Twin Valu, a hypermarket concept, in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, combining the general merchandise of ShopKo with the grocery selection of Cub Foods.

1990s

In 1990, ShopKo opened its 100th store, including its first venture in California.

In mid-1991, SuperValu announced that ShopKo would become a publicly traded company. The stock debuted at $15 (~$ in ) a share. Dale Kramer also took over the reins of the company in 1991.

In late 1991, ShopKo introduced a "Vision 2000" prototype model, which opened in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, Duluth, Minnesota, Dixon, Illinois, Loveland, Colorado, Longmont, Colorado, and Lacey, Washington, and relocated stores in Marshall, Minnesota, and Mitchell, South Dakota. The construction of the Sheboygan store was affected by the collapse of an exterior wall that killed a stonemason, and the store opened with a memorial stone and flagpole overlooking the valley below dedicated in his honor.

In 1996, ShopKo announced plans to merge with Phar-Mor, an Ohio-based chain, but those plans were later called off.

Also in 1997, Phar-Mor split from ShopKo, and ShopKo bought out all of SuperValu's stock in the company. ShopKo was among the first retailers in the nation to halt all tobacco sales permanently in the same year.

In 1998 the company acquired Venture Stores in Kentucky, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois and Kansas.

In 1999, William Podany became President of ShopKo. He led the acquisition of 147 Pamida stores later that year. ShopKo also launched spin-off pharmaceutical company ProVantage on to the stock market.

Late in 1999, ShopKo opened its first test prototype store in Meridian, Idaho, named "Beyond 2000," referring to ShopKo's Beyond 2000 merchandising strategy, the successor to the Vision 2000 strategy of the early 1990s.

2000s
In March 2000, shares of ShopKo hit a record $3.57, (~$ in ) up 70% from the year before. Later that year, the firm announced that it would sell ProVantage to Merck & Co. for about $222 million.In May 2000, ShopKo agreed to buy P.M. Place Stores, a 49-location chain, for $22 million, with plans to convert those locations to Pamidas.

Early in 2001, ShopKo announced the closings of 23 stores and a distribution center, cutting 2,500 jobs and bowing out of Missouri, Indiana, Kansas, and Kentucky.

In April 2002 the company's CEO, William Podany, resigned. Jeffrey Girard became his interim replacement, until Sam Duncan took over in October.

In 2005, ShopKo opened the first few "ShopKo Express" locations, which were smaller, and aimed at competition with Walgreens and CVS Pharmacy. Around that time, the chain exited the state of Colorado (some locations were acquired by JCPenney), and closed its Reno, Nevada locations.

Late in 2005, ShopKo was acquired by Sun Capital Partners.

In May 2006, Michael MacDonald took over as CEO.

In 2007, Pamida spun off from ShopKo.

Also in 2007, ShopKo rebranded, dropping the capital camel case "K" in its name and introducing a new logo., but Shopko Express stores retained the older style until fall 2008.

In 2008, Shopko Express expanded into urban markets with the opening of a Green Bay, Wisconsin location, but this store was shuttered less than a year after it was opened.

During the late 2000s, ShopKo started to anchor more shopping centers, such as the ones in Suamico, Wisconsin and North Branch, Minnesota.

In April 2009, Michael MacDonald resigned as CEO, to become CEO of DSW, Inc., and was replaced by W. Paul Jones.

In late 2009, Shopko started online shopping service.

2010s
In May 2010, Shopko outsourced its IT services to HCL Technologies, based in Chennai, India.

In the summer of 2010, Shopko opened its first two "Shopko Hometown" stores, which were converted from Pamida locations.

In 2011, Shopko placed even more emphasis on its Hometown subsidiary, opening nine new locations and closing regular stores to focus on the Hometown stores.

In 2012, a decade after it spun off from Shopko, Pamida merged with Shopko; all Pamida stores were rebranded as Shopko Hometown stores. The total cost for the remodel was estimated at $80 million.

Later in 2012, W. Paul Jones resigned from the company's top post and Mike Bettiga took over as interim CEO.

In 2013, Peter McMahon was named Shopko's new CEO.

In 2015, due to bankruptcy, Shopko acquired 20 ALCO Stores locations with the plan of converting them to Hometown locations. Shopko also changed its slogan to "The Stuff that Counts".

Late in 2016, Shopko closed four stores due to poor sales  but also opened one in Ely, Nevada.

In November 2016 Shopko launched its first credit card.

In late 2016 and early 2017 the firm also remodeled its larger stores to include some groceries, with limited frozen and perishable goods (mainly frozen pizza and dairy products).

Chapter 11 and liquidation
On December 4, 2018 Shopko confirmed that they were closing 39 stores. The following day, Bloomberg reported that Sun Capital had failed to find a buyer for Shopko and that the capital partners found a Chapter 11 situation increasingly likely.

Shopko began closing its pharmacies in December 2018 and selling their patient records to local competitors including Walgreens, CVS, Hy-Vee and Kroger. On January 8, 2019, McKesson Corporation filed a suit against Shopko, seeking $67 million in delinquent payments. Along with the announcement, it was reported that Shopko could file for bankruptcy as early as January 15. On January 16, 2019, Shopko filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in Nebraska court, citing tough market competition and assets of less than $1 billion compared to liabilities of up to $10 billion. Shopko also announced the closure of another 105 of its 363 stores, including its original Military Ave. store in Green Bay.

On February 7, 2019, Shopko confirmed the closure of 251 stores or 70 percent of its locations closing in phases between March 2, 2019 and May 12, 2019. The list included 77 Shopko stores, 165 Hometown Values stores, both the 2 standalone pharmacies, and all 7 Express stores. Shopko will exit the states of California, Colorado, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, and Washington.

On March 18, 2019, Shopko announced the closure of all remaining stores, due to a buyer not being found for the chain. Liquidation sales ran through the summer.

On April 22, 2019, Shopko announced to employees that despite the fact that the company signed a contract for severance pay, only certain states would actually be paid. In April 2019, Monarch Alternative Capital LP purchased Shopko's optical operations for $8.5 million. The optical centers continued to operate inside the otherwise-shuttered store locations until smaller locations could be found.

Several former Shopko locations have been repurposed. The former Shopko Hometowns in St Peter Minnesota and New Prague Minnesota have been converted to Hy-Vees. As of March 17, 2022, a former Shopko in Mankato, Minnesota was being converted into a mixed-use space intended to house a restaurant, indoor ice rink, and indoor event center. Several former locations were bought by Hy-Vee and converted into their Dollar Fresh Market subsidiary.

Shopko
By the time it went out of business, the company operated 363 stores in 24 states including, but not limited to, California, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Stores were typically placed in small to mid-sized communities. Most Shopko stores were located in strip malls, shopping malls, power centers, or freestanding locations. Shopko, with partnerships from Green Bay, Wisconsin-based Bellin Health and other local hospitals, also operated walk-in clinics inside its stores called FastCare.

Past slogans include "Say hello to a good buy at ShopKo", "ShopKo discounts the price...not the quality.", "We won't be undersold.", "ShopKo: Discover for Yourself", "ShopKo - The Store for You.", "ShopKo - Your Lifestyle, Your Pricestyle.", "Shopko - Neat stuff, neat store." and "My life...my style...my store". Shopko's last slogan was "The Stuff that Counts", which was used from 2015 to 2019. The slogan for Shopko Express pharmacy was "Every day. On your way."

Karen McDiarmid was Shopko's spokesperson in the 1980s and 1990s.

Shopko sponsored the exhibition hall venue portion of the Brown County Veterans Memorial Arena/Resch Center complex, known as Shopko Hall. Unrelated to the bankruptcy in any case, Shopko Hall closed on April 28, 2019 with the BCVMA and was demolished, and was replaced with a new expo hall known as the Resch Expo.

Shopko Express
Shopko Express (stylized as ) was a chain of pharmacies owned by Shopko. Shopko Express carried a limited selection of general merchandise, groceries, beer, wine, health and beauty supplies, and over-the-counter medicines. Shopko Express also carried lottery tickets.

Shopko Hometown
In 2012 Shopko acquired Pamida and all former Pamida locations then operated as Shopko Hometown stores. Shopko Hometown stores were aimed at smaller communities ranging from 3,000 to 8,000 in population. They carried about 70% of the merchandise of Shopko's larger stores. The first two stores opened in 2010 in Oconto, Wisconsin and Kewaunee, Wisconsin inside converted Pamida locations. In 2015, 20 locations were acquired from the bankrupt ALCO Stores chain, and were converted into Shopko Hometown stores.

Payless ShoeSource
In 1999, Shopko signed a contract with Payless ShoeSource, leasing the floorspace to the shoe chain within Shopko stores with prominent front signage, replacing the previous contract with J. Baker, Inc. as the retailer in charge of the discount shoe department. The changeover was completed by late June 2000. After filing for bankruptcy for the second time, Payless ShoeSource coincidentally closed their stores at the same time Shopko was going out of business.

Private-label brands
Shopko sold an assortment of private-label store-brand products, primarily in apparel and general merchandise. Popular brands include Shopko, Willow Bay, Bailey's Point, NorthCrest, Energy Zone, Soft Sensations, Peanut & Ollie and Green Soda.

Acquisitions

 * Shopko
 * Copps Department Store (Copps Department Stores were the forerunners to the current superstore concept, carrying groceries and general merchandise. When Copps, the Stevens Point, Wisconsin-based retailer left the general merchandise half of the retail business to focus on selling groceries through their Copps Food Center chain in 1983, many former Copps Department Store locations were converted to ShopKo, as well as other retailers, including ShopKo's discount store rivals Prange Way, Kmart and Woolco, as well as Wisconsin-based home improvement retailer Menards.)
 * Penn-Daniels/Jack's
 * Venture (most locations; by the end, only the former Dubuque, Iowa, location remained operating at the time of Shopko's closure.)
 * Parade Stores
 * PayLess Discount Stores
 * The former Kmart store in Wenatchee, Washington.
 * Shopko Hometown
 * Pamida
 * ALCO
 * P.M. Place/Place's

Distribution
Distribution and transportation was managed by Spectrum America Supply Chain Solutions, a subsidiary of Metro Supply Chain group created in 2016. Shopko's distribution centers were located in De Pere, Wisconsin, Omaha, Nebraska, Quincy, Illinois and Boise, Idaho.

title: Shopko


text:
Muiredach Bolgrach

Muiredach Bolgrach, son of Siomón Brecc, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He took power after killing his predecessor, and his father's killer, Dui Finn, ruled for 13 months or four years depending on the source consulted, and was then killed by Dui's son Énna Derg. The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises his reign with that of Artaxerxes I of Persia (465–424 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 674–670 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 894–893 BC. His son was Fíachu Tolgrach.

title: Muiredach Bolgrach


text:
Long Island (Hudson Bay, Nunavut)

Long Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is located in Hudson Bay off the coast of Quebec at 54°52'N 79°25'W, and has an area of 168 km2.

title: Long Island (Hudson Bay, Nunavut)


text:
Manny Diaz (Florida politician)

Manuel Alberto Diaz (born November 5, 1954) is a Cuban-American politician who served as the chair of the Florida Democratic Party from 2021 to 2023. From 2001 to 2009, he served as the mayor of Miami, Florida.

Early life and career
Diaz and his mother, Elisa, left Cuba in 1961. He graduated from Belen Jesuit Preparatory School in 1973. He scored the first touchdown in his high school's football history, and was named "Mr. Belén" in his graduating class. In 1977, Díaz received his bachelor's degree in political science from Florida International University. In 1980, he earned his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Miami School of Law.

Diaz's law firm was hired to represent Lázaro Gonzalez in the custody case over his grand-nephew Elián González. Diaz's participation in the trial and presence at the González household during the April 22, 2000, raid propelled him to national prominence.

Mayorship
Diaz ran in the 2001 Miami mayoral election as an Independent. He and Maurice Ferré were the top candidates in the first round, locking out incumbent mayor Joe Carollo. Diaz won the runoff election, and was re-elected in 2005. As mayor, Díaz remained a partner in the law firm, but stated he would not be able to take new cases.

When he first took office, Miami city government was bankrupt, held junk bond status, and was under a state financial oversight board. Mayor Diaz pursued a vast administrative overhaul that brought with it financial stability, healthy level of financial reserves, continued tax cuts, lowered millage rates, and an A+ bond rating on Wall Street.

Diaz was awarded the "Urban Innovator of the Year" award by the Manhattan Institute in 2004. In 2007, Diaz served on the selection committee for the Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence.

In 2008, Díaz became president of the U.S. Conference of Mayors. As an Independent, and a former registered Democrat, Diaz spoke at the 2008 Democratic National Convention and endorsed Obama's presidential bid. Following Obama's election, Diaz was considered for HHS Secretary; the position would ultimately go to Kathleen Sebelius.

Later career
Díaz left office in 2009 because of term limits. In the spring of 2010, Díaz was an IOP Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. Today Díaz is a partner at Lydecker Díaz, LLP in Miami.

On January 22, 2014, Diaz and four other attorneys from his law firm, Lydecker Diaz, filed papers to represent Walmart in its battle to build in Midtown Miami.

On November 23, 2020, Diaz declared his campaign for chair of the Florida Democratic party. He has been endorsed by Mike Bloomberg, whom he supported when Bloomberg ran for president. He was elected as Chair of the Florida Democratic Party; he resigned within two years in a letter "replete with excuses" after the "Florida Democrats suffer[ed] some of their worst losses ever" in the 2022 midterm elections.

Personal life
Diaz is married to Robin Smith and has four children and three grandchildren. His son, Manny, is the head coach of the football team at Duke University, the former defensive coordinator for the Penn State Nittany Lions football team and is the former head coach for the Miami Hurricanes football team. His daughter, Natalie, recently received her master's degree in public health with honors from Florida International University. His son, Robert, is pursuing a political science degree. His daughter, Elisa, recently received her Juris Doctor from the Florida International University College of Law. His grandchildren are Colin, Gavin, and Manny Jr.

title: Manny Diaz (Florida politician)


text:
Corrigan (surname)

The Corrigan (O'Corrigan, Carrigan, Corocan, Courigan, Currigan) surname is of Irish origin. Corrigan means a "Spear" in Irish. It is believed to have originated from Coirdhecan in Eoghain. It is also believed to be connected to the Maguire clan. The Corrigan surname was common in the 17th century in County Fermanagh. Today it has spread across most of Ireland, Scotland and to the United States and Canada.

The Irish sept Ó Corragáin, whose stronghold was in County Fermanagh, is the origin of the names Corrigan, Carrigan, Courigan, Corgan, and Currigan. Early records in the Annals of the Four Masters indicate the name was associated with clerics and abbots. It was well established during the Middle Ages, spreading south into the counties of Monaghan, Meath, Roscommon and Offaly. The village of Ballycorrigan near Nenagh in County Tipperary indicates the name also spread to that county.

A Corrigan coat of arms consists of a chevron between two trefoils slipt, in chief and in base a wingless dragon passant vert. The motto is: Consilio et Impetu (By counsel and Force).

Persons with the surname Corrigan

 * Bill Corrigan, American politician and lawyer
 * Brad Corrigan (born 1974), musician
 * Brent Corrigan (born 1986), also known by his real name Sean Paul Lockhart, American model, film actor and gay pornographic actor
 * Briana Corrigan (born 1965), Northern Irish singer
 * Carol Corrigan (born 1948), associate justice of the California Supreme Court
 * Christa McAuliffe nee Corrigan (1948–1986), astronaut
 * Ray "Crash" Corrigan (1902–1976), American actor
 * D'Arcy Corrigan (1870–1945), Irish lawyer who became a character actor in many films
 * Dennis Corrigan (born 1944), American illustrator
 * Derek Corrigan, Mayor of the City of Burnaby, BC, Canada
 * Sir Dominic Corrigan (1802–1880), Irish physician
 * Dominic Corrigan (Gaelic footballer), born 1962
 * Douglas Corrigan (1907–1995) (known as "Wrong Way" Corrigan), American aviator
 * Ed Corrigan (born 1946), British mathematician and theoretical physicist
 * Edward C. Corrigan (1843–1924), American horse racing executive
 * Felicitas Corrigan (1908–2003), nun, author, and humanitarian
 * Gene Corrigan (1928–2020), American lacrosse player, coach, and college athletics administrator
 * E. Gerald Corrigan (1941–2022), American banker
 * Gordon Corrigan (born 1942), British military historian
 * Jack Corrigan (lawyer) (born 1956), American lawyer
 * Jack Corrigan (sportscaster) (born 1952), American sportscaster
 * Joe Corrigan (born 1948), British soccer player
 * John Corrigan (born 1952), American religion scholar
 * Joseph M. Corrigan (1879–1942), American Catholic bishop and academic
 * Kevin Corrigan (born 1969), American actor
 * Kelly Corrigan (born 1967), American author
 * Lisa M. Corrigan, American academic
 * Lloyd Corrigan (1900–1969), American film actor, producer, screenwriter and director
 * Mairead Corrigan Maguire (born 1944), Northern Irish activist and co-founder of the Community of Peace People
 * Martyn Corrigan, (born 1977), Scottish football player
 * Maura D. Corrigan (born 1948), Michigan-based American public administrator
 * Archbishop Michael Corrigan (1839–1902) of the diocese of New York
 * Michelle Corrigan, fictional character from Doctors
 * Peter Corrigan (1941–2016), Australian architect
 * Reggie Corrigan (born 1970), Irish rugby union footballer
 * Robert A. Corrigan (born 1935), former president of San Francisco State University
 * Ross Corrigan (born 1999), Irish rower
 * Timothy Corrigan (born 1956), Chief judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida
 * Tomás Corrigan (born 1990), Gaelic footballer
 * Tommy Corrigan (1903–1943), Australian rules footballer and soldier
 * Wilfred Corrigan, British engineer and entrepreneur, founder of LSI Logic Corp.

Persons with the surname Currigan
Michael Corrigan, author
 * Martin D. Currigan (Ireland 1845–1900), local Irish-American politician in state of Colorado
 * Thomas G. Currigan (1920–2014), local American politician in the state of Colorado; grandson of Martin D. Currigan

Persons with the surname Carrigan

 * Denis Carrigan (Kilkenny, Ireland) local Irish farmer
 * Lynnsey Carrigan, American author
 * Pat Carrigan, Australian Rugby League player

Persons with the surname Corgan

 * Billy Corgan (born 1967), lead musician for the alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins

Fictional characters

 * Atlas Corrigan, character in author Colleen Hoover's novel It Ends with Us
 * Korrigan (Breton folklore), female fairy in Breton folklore
 * Jim Corrigan, the name of three fictional characters that have appeared in comic books published by DC Comics
 * Jimmy Corrigan, from the graphic novel "Jimmy Corrigan, the Smartest Kid on Earth"
 * Mark Corrigan, character in the British television series Peep Show
 * Kate Corrigan, from Hellboy
 * Emma Corrigan, the principal character from British author Sophie Kinsella's novel Can You Keep A Secret?
 * John Corrigan, main character from Colum McCann's novel Let the Great World Spin
 * Michael Corrigan, the plot driving character from the hit Netflix original series House of Cards
 * Corrigan, the main antagonist of Driver: Parallel Lines

title: Corrigan (surname)


text:
Borophosphosilicate glass

Borophosphosilicate glass, commonly known as BPSG, is a type of silicate glass that includes additives of both boron and phosphorus. Silicate glasses such as PSG and borophosphosilicate glass are commonly used in semiconductor device fabrication for intermetal layers, i.e., insulating layers deposited between succeedingly higher metal or conducting layers.

BPSG has been implicated in increasing a device's susceptibility to soft errors since the boron-10 isotope is good at capturing thermal neutrons from cosmic radiation. It then undergoes fission producing a gamma ray, an alpha particle, and a lithium ion. These products may then dump charge into nearby structures, causing data loss (bit flipping, or single event upset).

In critical designs, depleted boron consisting almost entirely of boron-11 is used to avoid this effect as a radiation hardening measure. Boron-11 is a by-product of the nuclear industry.

title: Borophosphosilicate glass


text:
Énna Derg

Énna Derg, son of Dui Finn, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland, who took power after killing his predecessor, and his father's killer, Muiredach Bolgrach. He was called derg, red, because he had a red face. It is said that coins were first used in Ireland during his reign. He ruled for twelve years, before dying of plague in Sliab Mis, surrounded by a large number of his troops. He was succeeded by his son Lugaid Íardonn. The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises his reign with that of Artaxerxes I of Persia (465–424 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 670–658 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 893–881 BC.

title: Énna Derg


text: User talk:68.105.84.251

title: User talk:68.105.84.251


text:
Lugaid Íardonn

Lugaid Íardonn, son of Énna Derg, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. His epithet, Old Irish for "dark brown", came from the colour of his hair. He succeeded his father, who had died of plague, to the throne, and ruled for nine years before he was killed at Ráth Clochair by Sírlám, son of Finn mac Blatha. The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises his reign with that of Artaxerxes I of Persia (465–424 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 658–649 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 881–872 BC.

title: Lugaid Íardonn


text:
Neve Dekalim

Neve Dekalim (נְוֵה דְּקָלִים, lit. 'Oasis of Palms') was an Israeli settlement in the Gaza Strip. Comprising a part of Gush Katif, it was founded in 1983, shortly after Israel withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula to fulfill the Egypt–Israel peace treaty. It served as a regional centre for the Gush Katif settlement bloc and was the seat of the defunct Hof Aza Regional Council. The settlement was located in between the Mediterranean Sea and the Khan Yunis refugee camp. In August 2005, Neve Dekalim was dismantled by the Israeli government in pursuit of the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law, which had been approved by the Knesset six months earlier.

History
The population consisted of about 520 families (2,600 people), mainly Orthodox Jews. It was the largest Israeli settlement in the Gaza Strip and a commercial centre for the region. The industrial zone of Gush Katif was located in Neve Dekalim. During the Second Intifada, some 6,000 mortars and Qassam rockets were fired at Neve Dekalim by Palestinian militants. In July 2005, shortly before the Israeli disengagement plan was implemented, two Neve Daklim residents were injured by Palestinian mortar strikes.

Dismantling
The evacuation of Neve Dekalim began on 15 August, as part of the Israeli disengagement plan, and was completed on 18 August. The residents were given 48 hours to leave. Those who refused to leave voluntarily barricaded themselves in the settlement's synagogue, but were forcibly removed by the Israel Defense Forces and the Israel Police.

The homes were bulldozed by Israel after the residents were evacuated, leaving only the greenhouses, which were part of a transaction in which private American citizens bought them for the Palestinians. Despite the presence of Palestinian security guards, dozens of these greenhouses were looted by Palestinian residents.

Marching through the abandoned town in a "victory parade," Hamas gunmen fired in the air and trampled an Israeli flag.

It was the largest Israeli settlement in the Gaza Strip. Signs posted in Arabic state that it is a "closed military zone." Mahmoud al-Zahar, chief of Hamas, said that Hamas planned to launch attacks that would drive Jews out of the West Bank and from the entire Jewish state.

In 2010, the site of Neve Dekalim was mostly sand and rubble, with Palestinian trucks removing the last remnants of Israeli homes for use as construction material. In Israel, former residents of the settlement established a new village, Bnei Dekalim.

In popular culture
Neve Dekalim is featured in the movie Disengagement by Amos Gitai. Grains Of Sand: The Fall Of Neve Dekalim by Shifra Shomron, a former resident of Neve Dekalim, is a semi-autobiographical novel about an Israeli family evacuated from Gush Katif.

title: Neve Dekalim


text:
Bloodrock

Bloodrock was an American hard rock band based in Fort Worth, Texas, that had success in the 1970s. The band emerged from the Fort Worth club and music scene during the early to mid-1970s.

The Naturals, Crowd + 1 (1963-1969)
Bloodrock initially formed in Fort Worth in 1963, under the name the Naturals. This first lineup featured Jim Rutledge on drums and vocals, Nick Taylor on guitar and vocals, Ed Grundy on bass and vocals, and Dean Parks on guitar. They toured the region playing at battle of the bands, opened locally for national acts like The Beach Boys, Paul Revere & The Raiders, and The Five Americans, and released their first single in 1965 "Hey Girl" b/w "I Want You" (Rebel MME 1003). In 1966, they changed their name to Crowd + 1, and released the single: "Mary Ann Regrets” b/w "Whatcha Tryin’ to Do to Me" (BOX 6604), that same year they signed a deal with Capitol Records and released two more singles: "Don’t Hold Back" b/w "Try," and "Circles" b/w “Most Peculiar Things."

Despite a growing regional fanbase, the singles failed to chart and Capitol dropped the group, not long after Parks left Crowd +1 to become the musical director for The Sonny & Cher Show (the beginning of a long career as a session musician). He was replaced by Lee Pickens on guitar. It was also at this time that Stevie Hill joined the group on keyboards and vocals. They continued as Crowd + 1 until 1969 when they changed their name to Bloodrock, a name conceived by Grand Funk Railroad manager/producer Terry Knight, who signed the band to Capitol almost within two weeks of hearing them. They also recorded their first album with Knight as producer, Bloodrock (Capitol ST-435). The album, released in March 1970, peaked at 160 on the Billboard 200 chart.

Shortly after the first album was recorded, Rutledge (at Knight's behest) moved from behind the drum set to take on lead vocal duties exclusively. Austin-area drummer Rick Cobb took over the percussive duties and added his voice to the group as well. This lineup recorded their next four albums: Bloodrock 2 (ST-491), Bloodrock 3 (ST-765), Bloodrock USA (SMAS 645), and Bloodrock Live (SVBB-11038).

Bloodrock opened for Grand Funk on the 1970 tour.

Bloodrock 2 and "D.O.A." (1970-1971)
Bloodrock 2 was their most successful album peaking at number 21 on the Billboard Pop Album Chart in 1971, mostly on the strength of their single "D.O.A.", which reached number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on March 6, 1971. "D.O.A." also gave the band considerable regional exposure throughout the Southwest and West, particularly in Texas and Southern California. "D.O.A." was probably the band's most well-known and well-remembered single. However, some radio stations would not play the song because of its explicit, gruesome description of fatal injury and the use of sirens, the latter out of concerns that the siren sound would confuse motorists. The motivation for writing this song was explained in 2005 by guitarist Lee Pickens. “When I was 17, I wanted to be an airline pilot,” Pickens said. “I had just gotten out of this airplane with a friend of mine, at this little airport, and I watched him take off. He went about 200 feet in the air, rolled and crashed.” The band decided to write a song around the incident and include it on their second album.

Style and personnel change (1972-1973)
In May 1972, both Lee Pickens and Jim Rutledge left Bloodrock, with Pickens forming the Lee Pickens Group (LPG) and released the album LPG in early 1973 on Capitol Records. Meanwhile, Rutledge released a solo album in 1976 on Capitol Records titled Hooray for Good Times. Bloodrock replaced Rutledge on vocals and Pickens on guitar with Warren Ham on vocals, flute and saxophone. Stevie Hill on keyboards adjusted to Ham's presence by shifting his own style. These changes to personnel and style moved the hard rock sound of the band in a lighter direction, more toward progressive rock, pop and jazz, alienating some fans. The subsequent album, Passage was the last time Bloodrock visited the charts. It peaked at number 104 on the Billboard 200 in 1972.

1973 brought another personnel change: Rick Cobb left the band, he was replaced by Randy Reader. This lineup recorded one album: Whirlwind Tongues (1974).

Unspoken Words, Break-Up (1974-1976)
Nick Taylor quit the group, and he was replaced by Warren's brother, Bill Ham, and Randy Reader was replaced by Matt Betton, an album, later titled Unspoken Words, was recorded, but Capitol rejected the material due to the group’s waning popularity, and the recordings would go unreleased until 2000 when it was included as part of the CD release Triptych (along with cuts from Passage and Whirlwind Tongues).

The band would break-up not long after they were dropped by Capitol, they performed their last gig on April 14, 1974 in Flint, Michigan.

After the breakup, Rutledge, Pickens, and Taylor hired a rhythm section and briefly formed a Bloodrock spinoff group, performing in small clubs for about a year.

In 1976, Capitol issued a greatest hits album, Bloodrock N Roll, which featured only tracks from the first three albums and the live set.

Around the same time, the original lineup temporarily put their differences aside and attempted a comeback. Initially led by Rutledge, the group lasted long enough to record some demos, including a cover of Heartbreak Hotel, Rutledge eventually dropped out, and was replaced by Rusty Robertson, a friend of Pickens, but due to lack of label interest, and the departure of Cobb, the band called it quits.

2005 reunion concert
A reunion concert featuring all five members of the original lineup (Jim Rutledge, Lee Pickens, Ed Grundy, Nick Taylor, and Stevie Hill), plus Chris Taylor (Nick's son) in place of drummer Rick Cobb III from the classic six-member lineup, was held on March 12, 2005, in Fort Worth, for the benefit of their keyboardist Stevie Hill, to help with medical costs related to his combating leukemia. The reunion concert was filmed and released on DVD.

Nick Taylor (born Doyle Taylor in Texas on October 29, 1946) died on March 10, 2010, after a car accident in Cleburne, Texas, at age 63.

Stevie Hill died on September 12, 2013, from leukemia.

Music
Bloodrock's music has been categorized primarily as hard rock. Bloodrock's 1970 self-titled debut album was described in the context of hard rock and early heavy metal by AllMusic's Donald A. Guarisco. Bloodrock 2 was not as gloomy (except for "D.O.A.") and heavy, and more of a chart success, while Bloodrock 3 and Bloodrock U.S.A. saw the band introduce progressive rock elements. The band's 1972 personnel changes shifted them toward prog rock (like Jethro Tull), jazz and pop music.

Classic lineup

 * Jim Rutledge – lead vocals (1969–1972, 2005), drums (1969–1970)
 * Lee Pickens – lead guitar, backing vocals (1969–1972, 2005)
 * Nick Taylor – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1969–1972, 2005, lead guitar (1972–1974) (died 2010)
 * Stevie Hill – keyboards, backing vocals (1969–1974, 2005) (died 2013)
 * Ed Grundy – bass guitar, backing vocals (1969–1974, 2005)
 * Rick Cobb – drums, percussion (1970–1974)

Former members

 * Warren Ham – lead vocals, saxophone, flute (1972–1974)
 * Randy Reeder – drums (1974)
 * Matt Betton – drums (1974)

Session/touring musicians

 * Bill Ham – lead guitar (1974)
 * Chris Taylor – drums (2005)

Other releases

 * Unspoken Words (2000) (as part of the Triptych compilation)
 * Bloodrock 2013 (2013) (by Jim Rutledge & John Nitzinger)

title: Bloodrock


text:
Kinematoscope

The Kinematoscope (a.k.a. Motoscope) was patented in 1861 (United States Patent 31357), a protean development in the history of cinema. The invention aimed to present the illusion of motion.

The patent was filed by Coleman Sellers of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as an "improvement in exhibiting stereoscopic pictures". Coleman applied stereoscopy to the existing principle of toy phantasmascopes using rotating discs.

A series of still stereographic images with successive stages of action were mounted on blades of a spinning paddle and viewed through slits. The slits passed under a stereoscopic viewer. The pictures were visible within a cabinet, and were not projected onto a screen.

title: Kinematoscope


text: User talk:69.132.229.244

title: User talk:69.132.229.244


text:
Talk:Violet Crumble

Untitled
I added Nestlé as the maker of Violet Crumble. Strangely, I can't find Violet Crumble either as a listed product or by searching on Nestlé's US or Australian webistes. However, in the photo on this page (specifically ), "Nestlé" is clearly visible on the wrapper. SCEhardt 20:47, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * And in 2018, Nestle divested. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.187.243.156 (talk) 11:09, 24 January 2022 (UTC)

Main image
Could someone provide a better picture for this article? The current one is a little out of focus. —Rossumcapek 02:13, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Violet Hoadley
My wife's family tradition is that her grandmother (now deceased, born 1901) went to school with the two daughters of Abel Hoadley. Their names were Violet and Polly, hence Violet Crumble and Polly Waffle. Sadly I dont have a way of independently confirming this wonderful story. 60.242.50.195 20:52, 31 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Not true. From http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hoadley-abel-6687 : "the Violet Crumble, named by Mrs Abel Hoadley after her favourite flower." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.20.69.209 (talk) 02:53, 3 May 2020 (UTC)

Packaging
Can someone come up with a better description here? More info, less specialness please. It sounds like an advertorial. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.178.72.37 (talk) 22:18, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Shattering
In Australia the wrapper says "It's the way it shatters that matters" but I think in some US states (e.g. California) you can find it with "The Great Australian Bite" in its place. --202.168.39.41 (talk) 01:31, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Tense usage
The article uses a mixture of past and present tenses for the confection, but I purchased one today. Does this imply that the present tense should be used throughout? pipeline (talk) 04:17, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Violet Crumble. Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hoadley-abel-6687

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 14:17, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Violet Crumble


text:
User talk:Atsfrr3000

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Welcome aboard WikiProject Trains! For a list of railroad-related pages that need work (either expansion or creation), take a look at WikiProject Trains/Todo, or the many todolists in Category:To do, trains. I'm also building a list of template messages for use in railroad-related articles at User:Slambo/Train project templates. If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. slambo 20:48, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Rail Sim Pro

The article Rail Sim Pro has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * WP:OR partially sourced from a forums post on a product that was never made.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on |the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Vrac (talk) 01:03, 9 July 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Rail Sim Pro for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Rail Sim Pro is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Rail Sim Pro & until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Safiel (talk) 01:34, 9 July 2015 (UTC)

"Rail Sim Pro" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rail_Sim_Pro&redirect=no Rail Sim Pro] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Utopes (talk / cont) 00:34, 25 April 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Atsfrr3000


text:
Charlton Island

Charlton Island (Sivukutaitiarruvik) is an uninhabited island located in James Bay, Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. Located northwest of Rupert Bay, it has an area of 308 km2.

Thomas James, who gave his name to James Bay, wintered here in 1631 and named the island after Prince Charles. The founders of Fort-Rupert (1668) must have seen it and Charles Bayly was nearly driven ashore here in 1674. Some time before 1679 Bayly proposed making Charlton Island a central depot and meeting place for the three posts around James Bay. This seems to have been done until 1685 or later. After the Hudson Bay expedition (1686) the French planned to send their prisoners there. Little is heard of the island until 1803.

About 1802 the North West Company acquired the brig Eddystone, and placed it under Captain Richards, a former Hudson's Bay Company man, and John George McTavish, the younger brother of the Chief of Clan McTavish. In the summer of 1803 it left Montreal for Hudson Bay. At the same time a force under Angus Shaw left the Tadoussac area for James Bay. They met at Charlton Island in HBC territory and claimed the island for the NWC. They built Fort St. Andrews there and two forts at the mouths of the Moose River and Eastmain River. The purpose, in part, was to pressure the HBC into granting the NWC transit rights through Hudson Bay. What happened after that is not clear.

title: Charlton Island


text:
Arkhangelski

The Arkhangelsky Design Bureau was a short-lived Soviet military aircraft design bureau headed by Alexander Arkhangelsky. Formerly working for Andrei Tupolev, Arkhangelsky became the leader of Tupolev's design bureau after Tupolev was arrested in 1938 during the Great Purge and was tasked to develop a dive-bomber version of the Tupolev SB (the Arkhangelsky Ar-2). The bureau resumed its original name when Tupolev was released from prison after the Axis powers invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941.

Aircraft

 * Arkhangelsky Ar-2

title: Arkhangelski


text: Talk:Arkhangelski

title: Talk:Arkhangelski


text:
Vakhtang I

Vakhtang I Gorgasali (ვახტანგ I გორგასალი; c. 439 or 443 – 502 or 522), of the Chosroid dynasty, was a king (mepe) of Iberia, natively known as Kartli (eastern Georgia) in the second half of the 5th and first quarter of the 6th century.

He led his people, in an ill-fated alliance with the Byzantine Empire, into a lengthy struggle against Sasanian Iranian hegemony, which ended in Vakhtang's defeat and weakening of the kingdom of Iberia. Tradition also ascribes to him the reorganization of the Georgian Orthodox Church and the foundation of Tbilisi, Georgia's modern capital.

Dating Vakhtang's reign is problematic. Ivane Javakhishvili assigns to Vakhtang's rule the dates c. 449–502 while Cyril Toumanoff suggests the dates c. 447–522. Furthermore, Toumanoff identifies Vakhtang with the Iberian king Gurgenes known from Procopius' Wars of Justinian.

Vakhtang is a subject of the 8th or 11th century vita attributed to Juansher, which intertwines history and legend into an epic narrative, hyperbolizing Vakhtang's personality and biography. This literary work has been a primary source of Vakhtang's image as an examplary warrior-king and statesman, which has been preserved in popular memory to this day.

By the Middle Ages, he emerged as one of the most popular figures in Georgia's history and has been canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church as The Holy and Right-Believing King Vakhtang (წმინდა დიდმოწამე მეფე ვახტანგი) and is commemorated on.

Name
According to the Life of Vakhtang Gorgasali, the king was given at his birth an Iranian name Varazkhosrovtang, rendered in Georgian as Vakhtang. The name may indeed be derived from Iranian *warx-tang (vahrka-tanū)—"wolf-bodied", a possible reflection of the wolf cult in ancient Georgia. Beginning in the late 13th century, numerous Georgian princes and kings took the name Vakhtang. Toumanoff observes that the name Vakhtang has no Classical equivalent and infers that the king's sobriquet Gorgasal—given to Vakhtang because of the shape of the helmet he wore—was rendered by the 6th-century Roman historian Procopius as Gurgenes (Γουργένης). Toumanoff's identification of Vakhtang with Gurgenes has not been universally accepted.

Early reign
Beyond the Life of Vakhtang Gorgasali (hereinafter LVG), the medieval Georgian sources mention Vakhtang only briefly, yet with respect rarely afforded to the pre-Bagratid Georgian monarchs. Notwithstanding its semi-legendary epic character, the LVG provides many important details, which can be combined with the sources closer to the period in question, such as Lazarus of Parpi and Procopius.

Vakhtang is reported by the LVG to have succeeded at the age of 7 his father King Mihrdat (V). His mother, a Christianized Persian Sagdukht, assumed regency in Vakhtang's minority. The author then describes the grave situation in which Iberia was at that time, troubled by the Sassanids' Zoroastrianizing efforts and a ravaging raid by the "Ossetians" from the north, this latter being a possible reference to the invasion by the Huns (which may have included Alans) through the Caspian Gates mentioned by Priscus. At the age of 16, Vakhtang is said to have led a victorious retaliatory war against the "Ossetians", winning a single combat against the enemy's giant and relieving his sister Mirandukht from captivity. At the age 19, Vakhtang married Balendukht, "daughter" of the Great King Hormizd (apparently Hormizd III, r. 457–459). Soon, upon the Great King's request, Vakhtang took part in the campaign in "India", probably in Peroz's abortive expedition against the Hephthalites in the 460s, and against the Roman Empire in 472, in which Vakhtang is reported to have gained control of Egrisi (Lazica) and Abkhazia.

Church affairs
Returning to Iberia, Vakhtang took up a series of measures aimed at strengthening the royal authority. Resenting Iranian encroachments on his independence, Vakhtang reversed his political orientation and effected a rapprochement with the Roman government. He married Helena, "daughter" (possibly relative) of Emperor Zeno, and received permission from Constantinople to elevate the head of the church of Iberia, the bishop of Mtskheta, to the rank of catholicos, whom he sent, together with twelve newly appointed bishops, to be consecrated at Antioch. These rearrangements did not pass smoothly and the king had to overcome opposition, especially in the person of Mikel, the deposed bishop of Mtskheta. Javakhishvili explains this conflict on account of doctrinal differences between the Monophysite Vakhtang and Diophysite Mikel, a presumption supported by Toumanoff, who points out, that the change of prelate and his subordination to Antioch could "only imply acceptance of Zeno's formulary of faith", i.e., the moderately Monophysite Henotikon of 482. On his part, another Georgian historian, Simon Janashia, argues that Vakhtang was inclined towards Diophysitism while Mikel adhered to Monophysitism.

War with Iran
By espousing pro-Roman policy, Vakhtang further alienated his nobles, who sought Iranian support against the king's encroachments on their autonomy. In 482, Vakhtang put to death his most influential vassal, Varsken, vitaxa of Gogarene, a convert to Zoroastrianism and a champion of Iran's influence in the Caucasus, who had executed his Christian wife, Shushanik, daughter of the Armenian Mamikonid prince Vardan II and a hero of the earliest surviving piece of Georgian literature. By this act, Vakhtang placed himself in open confrontation with his Iranian suzerain. Vakhtang called on the Armenian princes and the Huns for co-operation. After some hesitation, the Armenians under Vardan's nephew Vahan Mamikonian, joined forces with Vakhtang. The allies were routed and Iberia was ravaged by Iranian punitive expeditions in 483 and 484, forcing Vakhtang into flight to Roman-controlled Lazica (modern western Georgia). After Peroz's death in the war with the Hephthalites in 484, his successor Balash reestablished peace in the Caucasus. Vakhtang was able to resume his reign in Iberia, but did not betray his pro-Roman line.

Once the Hundred Years Peace between Iran and Rome collapsed, Kavadh I of the Sassanids summoned Vakhtang as a vassal to join in a new campaign against Rome. Vakhtang refused, provoking an Iranian invasion of his kingdom. Then about 60, he had to spend the last years of his life in war and exile, fruitlessly appealing for the Roman aid. The chronology of this period is confused, but by 518 an Iranian viceroy had been installed at the Iberian town of Tiflis, founded—according to Georgian tradition—by Vakhtang and designated as the country's future capital. According to the LVG, Vakhtang died fighting an Iranian invading army at the hands of his renegade slave who shot him through an armpit defect of his armor. The wounded king was transported to his castle at Ujarma where he died and was interred at the cathedral in Mtskheta. Javakhishvili puts Vakhtang's death at c. 502. If Toumanoff's identification of Procopius’ Gurgenes with Vakhtang is true, the king might have ended his reign in 522 by taking refuge in Lazica, where he possibly died around the same time. Gurgenes’ family members—Peranius, Pacurius, and Phazas—had careers in the Roman military.

Family
According to the LVG, Vakhtang was survived by three sons. Dachi, Vakhtang's eldest son by his first marriage to the Iranian princess Balendukht (who died at childbirth), succeeded him as king of Iberia and had to return to Iranian allegiance. Two younger sons by Vakhtang's second marriage to the Roman lady Elene—Leon and Mihrdat—were enfeoffed of the southwestern Iberian provinces of Klarjeti and Javakheti in which Leon's progeny—the Guaramids—traditionally followed pro-Roman orientation. Both these lines survived in Iberia into the 8th century, being succeeded by their energetic cousins of the Bagratid family. Toumanoff has inferred that the Samanazus, a name of the Iberian "king" found in John Malala's list of rulers contemporary with Justinian and reported by Theophanes the Confessor and Georgios Kedrenos to have visited Constantinople in 535, might have been a corruption of words meaning "brother of Dachi" and so perhaps refers to Mihrdat.

Will of Vakhtang
Before his death, the wounded King Vakhtang left the will to his son Dachi and to the Georgians: მე ესე რა წარვალ წინაშე ღმრთისა ჩემისა, და ვმადლობ სახელსა მისსა, რამეთუ არა დამაკლო [or: დამარხო] გამორჩეულთა წმიდათა მისთა. აწ გამცნებ თქუენ, რათა მტკიცედ სარწმუნოებასა ზედა სდგეთ და ეძიებდეთ ქრისტესთჳს სიკუდილსა სახელსა მისსა ზედა, რათა წარუვალი დიდება მოიგოთ. And I, as I go to my God, I give thanks to His name, because he did not sacrifice [or: 'spare'] his chosen blessings. Now I exhort you, that you stand firm in your faith and seek death for Christ in His name, so that you may obtain imperishable glory!

He also called on Georgians not to abandon ties with the Byzantine Empire: მე ჴორციელებრითა დიდებითა გადიდენ თქუენ ნათესავთა ჩემთა. და სახლსა ჩუენსა ნუ შეურაცხჰყოფთ, და სიყუარულსა ბერძენთასა ნუ დაუტეობთ. I have magnified you and all my generations in the flesh with glory; neither disgrace our home nor abandon the love of the Greeks.

Legacy
Vakhtang entered a pantheon of Georgian historical heroes already in the Middle Ages. A royal oriflamme of the Georgian Bagratids was known as "Gorgasliani", i.e., "of Gorgasali". It is sometimes supposed to be the earliest model of the current Georgian national flag. In popular memory, his image has acquired a legendary and romantic façade. Vakhtang is a subject of several folk poems and legends, extolling the king's perceived greatness, enormous physical strength, courage and devoutness to Christianity.

Vakhtang has been credited with the foundation of several towns, castles, and monasteries across Georgia, including the nation's capital Tbilisi, where a street and a square bear his name, and a 1967 monument by the sculptor Elguja Amashukeli tops the Metekhi cliff. A legend has it that when King Vakhtang was in the forest, his falcon chased a pheasant. The bird fell into a hot water spring and the king and his servants saw the steam come out of the water. Surprised by the abundance of hot water, Vakhtang gave orders to build a city on this site and named it "Tbilisi", that is, "the site of warm springs".

Vakhtang was officially included in the Georgian Orthodox calendar—and a church built in his honor in the city of Rustavi—early in the 1990s, but he had presumably been considered a saint long before that.

The Vakhtang Gorgasal Order, created in 1992, is one of the highest military decorations in Georgia.

title: Vakhtang I


text:
Loučná nad Desnou

Loučná nad Desnou (until 1948 Vízmberk; Wiesenberg) is a municipality and village in Šumperk District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,500 inhabitants.

Administrative parts
The villages of Filipová, Kociánov, Kouty nad Desnou, Přemyslov and Rejhotice are administrative parts of Loučná nad Desnou.

Geography
Loučná nad Desnou is located about 14 km northeast of Šumperk and 54 km north of Olomouc. It lies in the Hrubý Jeseník mountain range in river valley of the Desná, which originates in the municipal territory. The highest point of Loučná nad Desnou is the highest mountain of the entire Moravia, which is Praděd at 1491 m above sea level. The Dlouhé stráně Reservoir is located in the eastern part of the municipality.

History
The oldest part of the municipality is the village of Rejhotice. The first written mention of Rejhotice is from 1494, but it was probably founded in the 14th century by lumbermen and charcoal burners. The area belonged to the Šumperk estate, owned by the Zierotin family. After 1608, the Wiesenberg (later Vízmberk) estate was established by Jan the Younger of Zierotin, and the construction of the castle began.

In 1651, Přemysl II of Zierotin invited new settlers and founded the village of Přemyslov. In the second half of the 17th century, the area was hit by the infamous Northern Moravia witch trials and one woman from Rejhotice was killed. The village of Kociánov was established in 1784. The hamlet of Vízmberk, formed by houses around the Vízmberk Castle, established a separate village in 1799.

In 1948, the municipality of Vízmberk was renamed Loučná. Since 1953, it has been known as Loučná pod Desnou.

Transport
Loučná nad Desnou is the terminus on the railway line from Nezamyslice to Kouty nad Desnou via Prostějov, Olomouc and Šumperk. There are three train stations and stops in the municipal territory, excluding Loučná n.Desnou-Filipová, which serves Filipová, but is located in the neighbouring municipality of Velké Losiny.

Sights
The main landmark is the Loučná nad Desnou Castle (formerly Vízmburk Castle). The castle was built by the Zierotins on the site of an old wooden hunting lodge. The castle park also dates from the 17th century. In 1839–1945, the park was redesigned to an English-style park. Today the castle is unused and inaccessible, but the park is freely accessible.

Notable people

 * Alfred Brendel (born 1931), Austrian pianist

Twin towns – sister cities
Loučná nad Desnou is twinned with:
 * 🇵🇱 Sośnicowice, Poland

title: Loučná nad Desnou


text: User talk:129.24.212.176

title: User talk:129.24.212.176


text:
Sírlám

Sírlám, son of Finn mac Blatha, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He took power after killing his predecessor, Lugaid Íardonn, in Ráth Clochair. His name means "long hand" or "long arm", and it is said his arms reached the ground when was standing up (compare the Irish god Lug, whose epithet lámfada also means "long arm"). He ruled for thirteen years according to the Lebor Gabála Érenn, or sixteen according to Geoffrey Keating and the Four Masters. He drove Lugaid's son Eochu Uairches into exile, but after twelve years overseas Eochu returned and killed him with an arrow. The Lebor Gabála synchronises his reign with that of Artaxerxes I of Persia (465–424 BC). The chronology of Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 649–633 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 872–856 BC.

title: Sírlám


text:
Salisbury Island (Nunavut)

Salisbury Island is one of the uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is located in Hudson Strait, and has an area of 804 km2.

title: Salisbury Island (Nunavut)


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User:Curps/Sandbox5

 * Unicode chart Alphabetic Presentation Forms
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 * Unicode chart CJK Unified Ideographs
 * Unicode chart CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A
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 * Unicode chart Yijing Hexagram Symbols

title: User:Curps/Sandbox5


text:
User:Doyce

Raat then

title: User:Doyce


text:
Mothers Apart from Their Children

Mothers Apart from Their Children (MATCH) has existed since 1979 as a non-judgmental support group, run by volunteers who are, or have been, mothers separated from their children after divorce, family breakdown, care orders, adoption or abduction. Separation can last several months, years or decades. Sometimes forever. In September 2006 MATCH was granted charitable status.

title: Mothers Apart from Their Children


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Rafael Vidal

Rafael Antonio Vidal Castro (January 6, 1964 – February 12, 2005) was a Venezuelan competition swimmer, Olympic medalist and sports commentator.

Life
Vidal was born in Caracas, Venezuela in 1964. At age 20, he became the first Venezuelan swimmer to win an Olympic medal in the 200-meter butterfly competition at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. Although he was one of the smallest men in the pool at 5-foot-11, Vidal was well ahead of West Germany's 6-foot-7 Michael Gross at the finish. However, one of Gross' elongated arms managed to touch the poolside first, robbing Vidal of silver. That heroic bronze-medal finish made him a national celebrity, with his image splashed on magazine and newspaper covers throughout Venezuela. His mark ranks him as the eighth of the top ten swimmers in the 200-meter butterfly of all time.

A year later, Vidal left Venezuela to pursue a career in administration and earned his bachelor's degree in computer and information sciences from the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he swam for the Florida Gators swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition under coach Randy Reese from 1981 to 1985. Vidal was a member of the Gators' NCAA national championship teams in 1983 and 1984, and received six All-American honors.

After returning to Venezuela, Vidal was employed by a local television channel as a sports commentator and became a well-known television personality. In 1998, he founded Platinum with Cheche Vidal, a pioneer in the application of marketing in Venezuela.

Early on the morning of February 12, 2005, Vidal was killed in a traffic accident when another driver crashed his speeding Hummer into Vidal's car. The second driver was participating in an illegal street race. Vidal was 41 years old.

A "Million Meter Swim" (Un Millón de metros por Rafael Vidal) was held on February 12, 2006, at which more than fourteen million meters were swum by swimmers from Venezuela and around the globe. The tribute has been held every year since then.

Personal life
On April 10 2017 his mother Flor Marina Castro de Vidal was found dead in her home by her daughter, apparently murdered by house thieves when she resisted robbery.

title: Rafael Vidal


text:
Shushanik

Shushanik (Շուշանիկ; შუშანიკი; c. 440 – 475), also known as Shushanika or Vardandukht, was a Christian Armenian woman who was tortured to death by her husband Varsken in the town of Tsurtavi, Georgia. Since she died defending her right to profess Christianity, she is regarded as a martyr. Her martyrdom is described in her confessor Jacob’s hagiographic work, the oldest extant work of Georgian language literature. The hagiography details Shushanik's extensive resistance to imprisonment, isolation, torture and cruelty.

According to this legend, Shushanik was a daughter of the Armenian military commander Vardan Mamikonian and married the Mihranid ruler (pitiakhsh) Varsken, son of Arshusha II. Varsken was a defiant vassal of Vakhtang I Gorgasali, King of Kartli (Iberia), and took a pro-Persian position, renouncing Christianity and adopting Zoroastrianism. He killed Shushanik after she refused to submit to his order to abandon her Christian faith. Varsken himself was killed by King Vakhtang in 482.

Shushanik has been canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church and is venerated by the Armenian Apostolic Church. Her feast day is celebrated on October 17 in Georgia and the Tuesday between September 20–26 in Armenia.

title: Shushanik