text:
Talk:Lewis Wade Jones

Untitled
The text of article was obtained from Library of Congress site. Darwin 13:32, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Copyright violation
The stated source of this text, referenced above and cited on the page, is not in the public domain. To quote from the relevant text at memory.loc.gov (stress added):

"The Library of Congress is not aware of any U.S. copyright protection (see Title 17, U.S.C.) or any other restrictions in the material in this Collection, except as noted below. Users should keep in mind that the Library of Congress is providing access to these materials strictly for educational and research purposes. The written permission of the copyright owners and/or other rights holders (such as publicity and/or privacy rights) is required for distribution, reproduction, or other use of protected items beyond that allowed by fair use or other statutory exemptions."

Unless there is a credible argument that this source is in fact appropriate for Wikipedia use, this page should be rewritten based on the facts cited. I have not yet listed this page under since that will rapidly begin a deletion process. In the meantime, if someone can either remove the copyright concern or rewrite the article, please do so.Spinality (talk) 20:24, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I understand it that all material in the collection is copyright-free unless otherwise stated. - Darwinek (talk) 21:06, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Can you find some statement to that effect? The above quote from the copyright section of the collection would seem to say the opposite, as would the following from loc.gov (stress added):

 * About Copyright and the Collections Whenever possible, the Library of Congress provides factual information about copyright owners and related matters in the catalog records, finding aids and other texts that accompany collections. As a publicly supported institution, the Library generally does not own rights in its collections. Therefore, it does not charge permission fees for use of such material and generally does not grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute material in its collections. Permission and possible fees may be required from the copyright owner independently of the Library. It is the researcher's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other use restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the Library's collections. Transmission or reproduction of protected items beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Researchers must make their own assessments of rights in light of their intended use.

 * I would assume that, for the purposes of individuals who access the collection for research purposes, there are strong fair use arguments. However, those are not sufficient for inclusion in Wikipedia, which has rather high requirements. Spinality (talk) 07:09, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

 * One might add that, as I understand it, there is essentially no such thing as a "copyright-free" document. The author always has an automatic copyright, whether or not claimed explicitly. Documents in the public domain are a special case, but for recent documents such as those in the collection, I believe some positive granting of usage rights is generally required for direct use in Wikipedia. Spinality (talk) 07:14, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lewis Wade Jones


text: User talk:212.130.49.211

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:212.130.49.211


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Talk:Arabian Peninsula

Yemen Arab Spring section (3.4.6) needs grammar correction
I cannot discern what is meant by "Saleh used tactic of concession and violence to save his presidency". Concession and violence are generally at odds with one another; perhaps I am missing some niche political context for the term. Maybe this should be substituted out and replaced with a term that makes more sense for the average reader? In any case, "tactic" needs an S at the end to indicate plurality.

Cronack1 (talk) 08:34, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

Demographic
If we definite 'peninsula', it is dry land surround by water from three sides and dryland from one side. The map you uploaded here does not match the definition of peninsula as you have included some islands around the peninsula. Bahrain and Socotra (part of Yemen in Arabian Sea), and all parts of Saudi Arabia cannot be part of the peninsula

Zaki Frahmand 5 September 2022, 21:56 AEST

 * Saudi Arabia is a part of the peninsula. 2001:8003:9007:8201:9073:F238:6CDF:650C (talk) 01:01, 29 September 2022 (UTC)

Non-continental peninsula
What is that mean? The Arabian Peninsula is widely regarded as the largest peninsula in the world. Why the term "non-continental" is included? Who added it? 2001:8003:9007:8201:9073:F238:6CDF:650C (talk) 00:46, 29 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Probably because Europe is a peninsula. Is S.A. bigger than Europe? 100.34.46.136 (talk) 17:51, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

Image Discussion
Not sure the current image in the infobox should be used, as it doesn't highlight the southern parts of Jordan and Iraq, which the second paragraph says are included on the peninsula. BhamBoi (talk) 21:12, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

 * There is more than one definition. The image in the infobox is perfectly OK as it highlights the political extent – aligned with national boundaries that are precisely defined. The geographical extent into Jordan, etc, is imprecisely  defined – as shown in a pair of maps further down the page using a blurred line for the vague northern boundary. 203.63.140.226 (talk) 04:12, 19 November 2022 (UTC)

Jordan needs to be highlighted on the map. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 148.64.9.126 (talk) 14:43, 20 December 2022 (UTC)

Image for infographic inaccurate
Almost half of Iraq is within the Arabian gulf and so is most of Jordan. The differences between political and geographic need to be mentioned. Ideally use a map that shown the differences. I believe an image like that exists, yet it the areas shaded vary between different Wikipedia language pages.

ie- the Russian version shade 3/4 of Iraq While the English barely touch Iraq.

Please could someone help make it accurate 82.17.76.152 (talk) 22:33, 7 March 2023 (UTC)

Syria, Lebanon and Israel
why isn’t Syria Lebanon Israel considered as part of the Arabian Peninsula?

to me looks like they are דולב חולב (talk) 09:50, 24 January 2024 (UTC)

 * They are part of the Arabian tectonic plate… דולב חולב (talk) 09:51, 24 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Tectonic indeed. But they're not - not western Syria, Lebanon, or Israel. West of the Jordan Rift Valley = African plate. Shake it, shake it! Arminden (talk) 19:31, 30 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Hahaha right דולב חולב (talk) 16:18, 8 May 2024 (UTC)

Periodisation is missing
See Talk:Pre-Islamic Arabia. We need the periodisation used by mainstream archaeologists & historians. Just Pre-Islamic and Islamic is a joke. From 90,000 ya till the 21th c., just one focal point as temporal hinge?! Arminden (talk) 19:36, 30 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arabian Peninsula


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Lewis Jones

Lewis Jones may refer to:

Government

 * Lewis Jones (politician) (1884–1968), British politician, MP for Swansea West, 1931–1945
 * G. Lewis Jones (1907–1971), American diplomat, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, 1959–1961
 * Lewis Jones (by 1519-67/69), MP for Leominster

Sports

 * Lewis Jones (Australian footballer) (1883–1960), Australian rules footballer
 * Lewis Jones (footballer, born 1994), British footballer
 * Lewis Jones (rugby, born 1931), (1931–2024) Welsh rugby union and rugby league footballer of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s
 * Lewis Jones (rugby union, born 1992), Welsh rugby union scrum-half
 * Lewis Jones (NASCAR), NASCAR driver who won in relief of Bob Welborn

Others

 * Lewis Jones (bishop) (1542–1646), Bishop of Killaloe
 * Lewis Jones (Patagonia pioneer) (1836–1904), one of the founders of the Welsh settlement in Patagonia who gave his name to the town of Trelew
 * Lewis Jones (Royal Navy officer) (1797–1895)
 * Lewis Jones (writer) (1897–1939), Welsh writer
 * Lewis Bevel Jones III (1926–2018), American bishop of the United Methodist Church
 * Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones or Brian Jones (1942–1969), English musician, founder of the Rolling Stones
 * Lewis Ralph Jones (1864–1945), American botanist and agricultural biologist
 * Lewis Wade Jones (1910–1979), American sociologist and educator
 * Lewis Webster Jones (1899–1975), American economist

title: Lewis Jones


text:
Ælfgifu (wife of Eadwig)

Ælfgifu was Queen of the English as wife of King Eadwig of England (r. 955–959) for a brief period of time until 957 or 958. What little is known of her comes primarily by way of Anglo-Saxon charters, possibly including a will, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and hostile anecdotes in works of hagiography. Her union with the king, annulled within a few years of Eadwig's reign, seems to have been a target for factional rivalries which surrounded the throne in the late 950s. By c. 1000, when the careers of the Benedictine reformers Dunstan and Oswald became the subject of hagiography, its memory had suffered heavy degradation. In the mid-960s, however, she appears to have become a well-to-do landowner on good terms with King Edgar and, through her will, a generous benefactress of ecclesiastical houses associated with the royal family, notably the Old Minster and New Minster at Winchester.

Family background
Two facts about Ælfgifu's family background are unambiguously stated by the sources. First, her mother bore the name of Æthelgifu, a woman of very high birth (natione præcelsa). Second, she was related to her husband Eadwig, since in 958 their marriage was dissolved by Archbishop Oda on grounds that they were too closely related by blood, that is, within the forbidden degrees of consanguinity. Ælfgifu has been also identified with the namesake who left a will sometime between 966 and 975, which might shed further light on her origins.

These dangling clues, unsatisfying as they are in themselves, have been used to construct two possible—and possibly compatible—genealogies for Ælfgifu, both of which ascribe to her a degree of royal rank. One theory espoused by Cyril Hart and considered by Pauline Stafford makes her a noblewoman of Mercian stock, who descended from Ealdorman Æthelfrith of Mercia and his wife Æthelgyth, who may have been a daughter of ealdorman Æthelwulf and a niece of King Alfred's Mercian consort Ealhswith. This reconstruction is based on the probability that Risborough (Buckinghamshire), one of Ælfgifu's holdings mentioned in the will, was previously held by Æthelgyth. The possible implication is that Ælfgifu inherited the estate and many others in Buckinghamshire. Given that she asked Bishop Æthelwold, one of her beneficiaries, to intercede for her "mother's soul", she may have done so through the maternal line. If the suggestion is correct, she would have been closely related to the politically prominent family of ealdorman Æthelstan Half-King and his offspring.

Her supposed will also provides the starting point for another, more widely regarded hypothesis. In this document, she makes bequests to Ælfweard and Æthelweard, seemingly her brothers (one of whom was married to Æthelflæd), and to her sister Ælfwaru. Æthelweard and Ælfweard re-appear as brothers and thegns (ministri) in the witness list of a spurious royal charter dated 974. This appears to be the same Æthelweard who regularly attests royal charters between 958 and 977 as the king's thegn and may have moved on to become the illustrious ealdorman of the Western Provinces and author of a Latin chronicle, in which he claimed descent from King Æthelred of Wessex (d. 871), fourth son of King Æthelwulf. The conclusion which can be derived from these prosopographical byways is that if the ealdorman and chronicler Æthelweard was her brother, she must have shared with him a common ancestor in King Æthelred. In this light, Ælfgifu would have been Eadwig's third cousin once removed.

The two genealogies are not mutually exclusive. Andrew Wareham suggests that these two different branches of the royal family may have come together in the marriage which produced Ælfgifu. In view of the will's special mention of Ælfgifu's "mother's soul", this could mean that Æthelgifu was a descendant of Æthelgyth, while the anonymous father traced his descent to Æthelred.

Neither hypothesis is conclusive. A weakness shared by these suggestions is that they hinge on the assumption that the testatrix Ælfgifu is the same as the erstwhile royal consort. However, for reasons explored below, the identification is favoured by most historians, though usually with reservations.

Marriage
At an unknown date around the time of his accession, the young King Eadwig married Ælfgifu. The union was or was to become one of the most controversial royal marriages in 10th-century England. Eadwig's brother Edgar was the heir presumptive, but a legitimate son born out of this marriage would have seriously diminished Edgar's chances of succeeding to the kingship, especially if both parents were of royal rank. Fostered by Ælfwynn, wife of Æthelstan Half-King together with her son Æthelwine, Edgar enjoyed the support of Æthelstan Half-King (d. after 957) and his sons, whose power base was concentrated in Mercia and East Anglia and who would not have liked to lose power and influence to Ælfgifu's kinsmen and associates. If Hart's suggestion that Ælfgifu was of royal Mercian descent and related to the latter family is correct, it might have been hoped that the marriage would give Eadwig some political advantage in exercising West-Saxon control over Mercia.

Ælfgifu's mother, Æthelgifu, seems to have played a decisive role in her rise to prominence by the king's side, as indicated by their joint appearances in the sources. Together they witness a charter which records an exchange of land between Bishop Brihthelm and Æthelwold, then abbot of Abingdon. and both their names occur among “illustrious” benefactors on a leaf of the early 11th-century Liber Vitae of the New Minster, Winchester. In her presumed will (see above), Ælfgifu asks Bishop Æthelwold, one of her beneficiaries, to intercede for her and her mother.

It is probable that they are the two women who are portrayed as Eadwig's sexual partners in the Life of St Dunstan by author 'B' and that of St. Oswald by Byrhtferth of Ramsey, both dating from around 1000. Dunstan's Life alleges that on the banquet following the solemnity of his coronation at Kingston (Surrey), Eadwig left the table and retreated to his chamber to debauch himself with two women, an indecent noblewoman (quaedam, licet natione præcelsa, inepta tamen mulier), later identified as Æthelgifu, and her daughter of ripe age (adulta filia). They are said to have attached themselves to him "obviously in order to join and ally herself or else her daughter to him in lawful marriage.". Shocked by Eadwig's unseemly withdrawal, the nobles sent Dunstan and Bishop Cynesige, who forcefully dragged the king back to the feast. For this act, Dunstan had incurred the enmity of the king, who sent him into exile at Æthelgifu's instigation. Called a modern Jezebel, she would have exploited Eadwig's anger by ordering Dunstan's persecution and the spoliation of his property. That the memory of Eadwig's sexual affairs had become tainted and confused around the turn of the century is suggested by Byrhferth's Life of St. Oswald, which has a more fantastic tale to tell about Eadwig's two women. It recounts that the king was married, but ran off with a lady who was below his wife's rank. Archbishop Oda personally seized the king's new mistress at her home, forced her out of the country and managed to correct the king's behaviour.

These stories, written down some 40-odd years later, seem to be rooted in later smear campaigns which were meant to bring disrepute on Eadwig and his marital relations. Although both Lives focus on the personal dimension of the affairs from the perspective of their protagonists, the effects of factional rivalries loom in the background. It is known that in 958 Archbishop Oda of Canterbury, a supporter of Dunstan, annulled the marriage of Eadwig and Ælfgifu on the basis of their consanguinity. The underlying motive for this otherwise surprisingly belated decision may well have been political rather than religious or legal, as it bolstered Edgar's status as heir to the throne. There is a good possibility that Oda's act had been spurred on by Edgar's sympathisers, the sons of Æthelstan Half-King, and in particular by their ally Dunstan, whose monastic reform they generously supported.

The event needs to be placed in the broader context of Eadwig's struggle to retain political control and of the factions which supported Edgar as the heir presumptive. In the summer of 957, Edgar was elected king of Mercia. Author 'B' presents this as the outcome of a northern revolt against Eadwig, whereby he lost control north of the Thames (Mercia and Northumbria) and Edgar was set up as king over that part of England. This is a gross exaggeration, since Eadwig retained the title "king of the English" in his charters and Æthelweard envisaged a "continuous" reign. Edgar's description as regulus in an alliterative charter of 956 may even signify that there was a prior agreement that Edgar would become his brother's subking in Mercia as soon as he reached majority. The weakness of Eadwig's political position is nevertheless confirmed by Bishop Æthelwold's retrospective note of complaint that Eadwig "had through the ignorance of childhood dispersed his kingdom and divided its unity".

While it appears then that Dunstan and Archbishop Oda opposed the marriage, it was not all hostility that Ælfgifu had to endure from ecclesiastical magnates. Another Benedictine reformer, Æthelwold, abbot of Abingdon and later bishop of Winchester, seems to have preferred to support her, even if he was not uncritical of her husband's reign. One of the few charters to have been witnessed by Ælfgifu is the aforementioned memorandum from Abingdon, which confirms an exchange of land between Æthelwold and Brihthelm. In the subscription, she is recognised as the king's wife (þæs cininges wif). Ælfgifu's will, if it can be ascribed to her, provides even clearer evidence for her close association with Æthelwold.

Dowagerhood

No less important than the circumstances of her married life is the way Ælfgifu may have pushed on since the break-up of her marriage and more especially since the autumn of 959, when Eadwig died (1 October 959) and was succeeded by his brother Edgar as king of all England. The vitae are unhelpful at this point. Byrhtferth writes that Eadwig's mistress was exiled by Oda (d. 958), but his account of the archbishop's intervention is dubious and only faintly echoes the historical information of the Chronicle. Less credible still is the tale recorded by Osbern in the late 11th century. Adopting B's depiction of Edgar's Mercian reign as the outcome of a very coup against Eadwig, he amplifies the story by suggesting that Eadwig's mistress (adultera) was hamstrung in an ambush by Mercian resurgents and died not long thereafter.

Whether Ælfgifu kept a low profile or truly lived in exile, as Byrhtferth appears to claim, there is evidence to suggest that by the mid-960s, she had come to enjoy some peace, prosperity and a good understanding with King Edgar and the royal house. This picture is based on her identification with the Ælfgifu who was a wealthy landowner in Southeast England and a relative of King Edgar. She appears under Edgar's patronage in two royal charters of AD 966, in which he calls her "a certain noble matron (matrona) who is connected to me by the relationship of worldly blood". Sometime before Edgar's death (975), she left a will in which she bequeathed extensive estates in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire, considerable sums of money and various objects of value to (1) ecclesiastical houses (Old and New Minster, Abingdon Abbey, Romsey Abbey and Bath Abbey), (2) Bishop Æthelwold (in person), (3) members of the royal family (Edgar, Queen Ælfthryth and Edward the Martyr), and (4) her closest relatives (her two brothers, her sister and her brother's wife). The most substantial bequests are those to King Edgar and the Old Minster, which received the vast estate at Princes Risborough amounting to 30 hides. No children are mentioned. Exceptionally high status is suggested by a gift or payment to Edgar which has been interpreted as her heriot, consisting of two armlets of 120 mancuses each, a drinking-cup, 6 horses, 6 shields and 6 spears. There is no conclusive proof, but that the two Ælfgifus are identical is strongly suggested by their intimate association with the royal family, Bishop Æthelwold, the New Minster at Winchester and with their own mother.

Sadly, the conditions of Ælfgifu's return to fortune remain unclear. It would have been important to know, for instance, how and on what terms she came to hold the estates mentioned in her will. Those at Newnham Murren and Linslade were previously granted to her by King Edgar and now returned to the royal family, but it is impossible to determine which of the other estates were part of her dower property and which were inherited or acquired otherwise. As noted earlier, a case has been made for Princes Risborough as having been passed on through the maternal line. If the other holdings were likewise her own, the rehabilitation of her position may have come at a great price, one which considerably enriched the royal family with land north of the Thames.

Although in the two charters of 966, Edgar showed generosity and recognised the bonds of kinship, it has been asked how much of it was driven by pressure rather than good will. In favour of the former, Andrew Wareham has suggested that in naming his third and most 'throneworthy' son (b. after c. 964) Æthelred, after his great-great-uncle and thus after Ælfgifu's and Æthelweard's ancestor (see genealogy ↑), Edgar may have intended to make a sympathetic gesture by which he stressed their kinship.

In her will, Ælfgifu associates her endowments of "God's church" with the salvation of both her and Edgar's soul, which suggests that she expressed a shared interest in the Benedictine reform, of which Edgar was a generous sponsor and Bishop Æthelwold a prominent conductor. In turn, she may have hoped that he would put her grants to good and pious use. According to the Libellus Æthelwoldi, such seems to have come true in the case of Marsworth, which he donated to Ely Abbey, refounded by Bishop Æthelwold in 970.

An intriguing aspect of Ælfgifu's will is the way in which it may have been used to tie her kin-group and associates more closely in a beneficial relationship with the royal family and the leading ecclesiastical establishments, or else to reaffirm the association. This is seen at its most straightforward when she addresses Edgar with a special request: "I beseech my royal lord for the love of God, that he will not desert my men who seek his protection and are worthy of him." She also made sure that Mongewell, near Edward's new estate at Newnham Murren, and Berkhampstead did not pass directly to the community of the Old Minster, but was first leased by her siblings on the condition that they rendered a food rent (feorm) to the two minsters every year.

While Eadwig, like Alfred and Edward, was buried in the New Minster, Ælfgifu intended her body to be buried in the nearby Old Minster. At Winchester, Ælfgifu was dearly remembered for her generosity and conceivably so was her mother: Ælfgyfu coniunx Eadwigi regis and Æþelgyfu, who may be her mother, appear on a page of the New Minster Liber Vitae of 1031 among the illustrious benefactresses of the community.

title: Ælfgifu (wife of Eadwig)


text:
Islandmagee

Islandmagee is a peninsula and civil parish on the east coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland, located between the towns of  Larne and Whitehead. It is part of the Mid and East Antrim Borough Council area and is a sparsely populated rural community with a long history since the mesolithic period. The population is approximately 2,500 (excluding the village of Whitehead). In the early medieval period it was known as Semne, a petty-kingdom within Ulaid.

It is the site of Northern Ireland's main power station Ballylumford and the endpoint of the Scotland-Northern Ireland gas pipeline.

History
The name comes from Mac Aodha (Magee) a prominent Irish family in the area. An earlier Irish name was Rinn Seimhne (peninsula of (the district of) Seimhne) from an original tribal name.

The Bissett family held the tenancy of the peninsula in Elizabeth I's reign (1558 - 1603), their rent being an annual offering of goshawks, birds which bred on the rugged white chalk cliffs nearby.

At the outset of the Irish Rebellion of 1641, a number of Catholic residents were murdered by Scottish and English troops from the nearby garrison at Carrickfergus; despite claims by an anonymous 17th century author that this amounted to "above 3,000 men women and children", the true figure is now thought to have been two dozen. This is alleged to be the first massacre to take place during the rebellion and the War of the Three Kingdoms.

In 1711, the Islandmagee witch trial resulted in eight women being convicted of witchcraft and sentenced to a year's imprisonment. The last such trial to take place in Ireland, it is hoped to include these in a new historical tour.

In the 19th century, the first fossilised dinosaur bones found in Ireland were discovered near Islandmagee.

Archaeology

 * Islandmagee is the home of the Ballylumford Dolmen. Known locally as the "Druid's Altar", this megalithic monument could date to 2500 BC (The Early Bronze Age), or be the remains of an earlier Neolithic simple passage tomb dating to c. 4000 BC. It consists of four upright stones, with a heavy capstone and a fallenstone within the structure. The fallenstone may have been put there to block the entrance to the tomb.
 * Neolithic houses have been excavated at Ballyharry, on the Islandmagee peninsula. Finds included Neolithic pottery, flint arrowheads, javelin heads, polished stone axe fragments and quernstones.

 * Dinosaur remains were found in the area in the 19th century and in the 20th century. These were the first find of dinosaur fossil bones ever found in Ireland.

Gas storage project
The Gas storage project, owned by famous ship building firm Harland & Wolff, will consist of seven caverns storing up to 500 million cubic meters of gas and is the only one in North West Europe to have 'Project of Common Interest' status from the European Union. The facility is expected to provide 25% of the UK's gas capacity when it is completed.

Sport

 * Islandmagee F.C. plays in the Northern Amateur Football League. Their home is Wilbourne Park and Michael Moore is the current manager.

Civil parish of Island Magee
The peninsula is part of the parish of Island Magee. The boundaries of the parish and the peninsula match.

Controversy
The gasline project is the subject of objections, citing  "concerns of harm to dolphins, porpoise and whales". This caused the Environment Agency to extend the response time for consultation. In January 2022, the group "No Gas Caverns Islandmagee" confirmed that they have mounted a legal challenge against the project.

There has also been controversy over commemorating the Islandmagee Witch Trials. A local councillor said it would be a 'shrine to paganism'. But others have said it should go ahead. One historian citing "It's a dark event in our history - but it happened. People are fascinated by what happened at the Islandmagee witch trials, and the council could get a lot more tourism value from their interest".

Townlands
The civil parish contains the following townlands:

 * Balloo
 * Ballycronan Beg
 * Ballycronan More
 * Ballydown
 * Ballyharry
 * Ballykeel
 * Ballylumford
 * Ballymoney
 * Ballymuldrogh
 * Ballyprior Beg
 * Ballyprior More
 * Ballystrudder
 * Ballytober
 * Carnspindle
 * Castletown
 * Cloghfin
 * Drumgurland
 * Dundressan
 * Gransha
 * Kilcoan Beg
 * Kilcoan More
 * Mullaghboy
 * Mullaghdoo
 * Portmuck
 * Temple-effin

title: Islandmagee


text:
ISO/IEC 15693

ISO/IEC 15693, is an ISO/IEC standard for vicinity cards, i.e. cards which can be read from a greater distance as compared with proximity cards. Such cards can normally be read out by a reader without being powered themselves, as the reader will supply the necessary power to the card over the air (wireless).

ISO/IEC 15693 systems operate at the 13.56 MHz frequency, and offer maximum read distance of 1–1.5 meters. As the vicinity cards have to operate at a greater distance, the necessary magnetic field is less (0.15 to 5 A/m) than that for a proximity card (1.5 to 7.5 A/m).

Example applications

 * Ski pass: each of those has a unique ID and the system knows for how long the pass is valid etc.

Communication to the card
Communication from the reader to the card uses an amplitude-shift keying with 10% or 100% modulation index.

The data coding is:

 * 1 out of 4 pulse-position modulation: 2 bits are coded as the position of a 9.44 μs pause in a 75.52 μs symbol time, giving a bit rate of 26.48 kilobits per second. The least-significant bits are sent first.
 * 1 out of 256 pulse-position modulation: 8 bits are coded as the position of a 9.44 μs pause in a 4.833 ms symbol time, giving a bit rate of 1.65 kbit/s.

Communication to the reader
The card has two ways to send its data back to the reader:

Amplitude-shift keying
Amplitude-shift keying 100% modulation index on a 423.75 kHz subcarrier. The data rate can be:
 * Low 6.62 kbit/s (fc/2048)
 * High 26.48 kbit/s (fc/512)

A logic 0 starts with eight pulses of 423.75 kHz followed by an unmodulated time of 18.88 μs (256/ fc); a logic 1 is the other way round. The data frame delimiters are code violations, a start of frame is:
 * 1) an unmodulated time of 56.64 μs (768/ fc),
 * 2) 24 pulses of 423.75 kHz
 * 3) a logic 1

and the end of a frame is:
 * 1) a logic 0
 * 2) 24 pulses of 423.75 kHz
 * 3) an unmodulated time of 56.64 μs

The data are sent using a Manchester code.

Frequency-shift keying
Frequency-shift keying by switching between a 423.75 kHz sub carrier (operating frequency divided by 32) and a 484.25 kHz sub carrier (operating frequency divided by 28). The data rate can be:
 * Low 6.67 kbit/s (fc/2032)
 * High 26.69 kbit/s (fc/508)

A logic 0 starts with eight pulses of 423.75 kHz followed by nine pulses of 484.28 kHz; a logic 1 is the other way round. The data frame delimiters are code violations, a start of frame is:

 * 1) 27 pulses of 484.28 kHz
 * 2) 24 pulses of 423.75 kHz
 * 3) a logic 1

and the end of a frame is:
 * 1) a logic 0
 * 2) 24 pulses of 423.75 kHz
 * 3) 27 pulses of 484.28 kHz

The data are sent using a Manchester code.

Manufacturer codes
see ISO/IEC 7816-6
 * 1) Code 0x01: Motorola (UK)
 * 2) Code 0x02: STMicroelectronics SA (FR)
 * 3) Code 0x03: Hitachi Ltd (JP)
 * 4) Code 0x04: NXP Semiconductors (DE)
 * 5) Code 0x05: Infineon Technologies AG (DE)
 * 6) Code 0x06: Cylink (US)
 * 7) Code 0x07: Texas Instruments (FR)
 * 8) Code 0x08: Fujitsu Limited (JP)
 * 9) Code 0x09: Matsushita Electronics Corporation, Semiconductor Company (JP)
 * 10) Code 0x0A: NEC (JP)
 * 11) Code 0x0B: Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd (JP)
 * 12) Code 0x0C: Toshiba Corp (JP)
 * 13) Code 0x0D: Mitsubishi Electric Corp (JP)
 * 14) Code 0x0E: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd (KR)
 * 15) Code 0x0F: Hynix (KR)
 * 16) Code 0x10: LG-Semiconductors Co Ltd (KR)
 * 17) Code 0x11: Emosyn-EM Microelectronics (US)
 * 18) Code 0x12: INSIDE Technology (FR)
 * 19) Code 0x13: ORGA Kartensysteme GmbH (DE)
 * 20) Code 0x14: Sharp Corporation (JP)
 * 21) Code 0x15: ATMEL (FR)
 * 22) Code 0x16: EM Microelectronic-Marin (CH)
 * 23) Code 0x17: SMARTRAC TECHNOLOGY GmbH (DE)
 * 24) Code 0x18: ZMD AG (DE)
 * 25) Code 0x19: XICOR Inc (US)
 * 26) Code 0x1A: Sony Corporation (JP)
 * 27) Code 0x1B: Malaysia Microelectronic Solutions Sdn Bhd (MY)
 * 28) Code 0x1C: Emosyn (US)
 * 29) Code 0x1D: Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics Co Ltd (CN)
 * 30) Code 0x1E: Magellan Technology Pty Limited (AU)
 * 31) Code 0x1F: Melexis NV BO (CH)
 * 32) Code 0x20: Renesas Technology Corp (JP)
 * 33) Code 0x21: TAGSYS (FR)
 * 34) Code 0x22: Transcore (US)
 * 35) Code 0x23: Shanghai Belling Corp Ltd (CN)
 * 36) Code 0x24: Masktech Germany GmbH (DE)
 * 37) Code 0x25: Innovision Research and Technology Plc (UK)
 * 38) Code 0x26: Hitachi ULSI Systems Co Ltd (JP)
 * 39) Code 0x27: Yubico AB (SE)
 * 40) Code 0x28: Ricoh (JP)
 * 41) Code 0x29: ASK (FR)
 * 42) Code 0x2A: Unicore Microsystems LLC (RU)
 * 43) Code 0x2B: Dallas semiconductor/Maxim (US)
 * 44) Code 0x2C: Impinj Inc (US)
 * 45) Code 0x2D: RightPlug Alliance (US)
 * 46) Code 0x2E: Broadcom Corporation (US)
 * 47) Code 0x2F: MStar Semiconductor Inc (TW)
 * 48) Code 0x30: BeeDar Technology Inc (US)
 * 49) Code 0x31: RFIDsec (DK)
 * 50) Code 0x32: Schweizer Electronic AG (DE)
 * 51) Code 0x33: AMIC Technology Corp (TW)
 * 52) Code 0x34: Mikron JSC (RU)
 * 53) Code 0x35: Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (DE)
 * 54) Code 0x36: IDS Microship AG (CH)
 * 55) Code 0x37: Kovio (US)
 * 56) Code 0x38: HMT Microelectronic Ltd (CH)
 * 57) Code 0x39: Silicon Craft Technology (TH)
 * 58) Code 0x3A: Advanced Film Device Inc. (JP)
 * 59) Code 0x3B: Nitecrest Ltd (UK)
 * 60) Code 0x3C: Verayo Inc. (US)
 * 61) Code 0x3D: HID Global (US)
 * 62) Code 0x3E: Productivity Engineering Gmbh (DE)
 * 63) Code 0x3F: Austriamicrosystems AG (reserved) (AT)
 * 64) Code 0x40: Gemalto SA (FR)
 * 65) Code 0x41: Renesas Electronics Corporation (JP)
 * 66) Code 0x42: 3Alogics Inc (KR)
 * 67) Code 0x43: Top TroniQ Asia Limited (Hong Kong)
 * 68) Code 0x44: Gentag Inc (USA)
 * 69) Code 0x45: Invengo Information Technology Co.Ltd (CN)
 * 70) Code 0x46: Guangzhou Sysur Microelectronics, Inc (CN)
 * 71) Code 0x47: CEITEC S.A. (BR)
 * 72) Code 0x48: Shanghai Quanray Electronics Co. Ltd. (CN)
 * 73) Code 0x49: MediaTek Inc (TW)
 * 74) Code 0x4A: Angstrem PJSC (RU)
 * 75) Code 0x4B: Celisic Semiconductor (Hong Kong) Limited (CN)
 * 76) Code 0x4C: LEGIC Identsystems AG (CH)
 * 77) Code 0x4D: Balluff GmbH (DE)
 * 78) Code 0x4E: Oberthur Technologies (FR)
 * 79) Code 0x4F: Silterra Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (MY)
 * 80) Code 0x50: DELTA Danish Electronics, Light & Acoustics (DK)
 * 81) Code 0x51: Giesecke & Devrient GmbH (DE)
 * 82) Code 0x52: Shenzhen China Vision Microelectronics Co., Ltd. (CN)
 * 83) Code 0x53: Shanghai Feiju Microelectronics Co. Ltd. (CN)
 * 84) Code 0x54: Intel Corporation (US)
 * 85) Code 0x55: Microsensys GmbH (DE)
 * 86) Code 0x56: Sonix Technology Co., Ltd. (TW)
 * 87) Code 0x57: Qualcomm Technologies Inc (US)
 * 88) Code 0x58: Realtek Semiconductor Corp (TW)
 * 89) Code 0x59: Freevision Technologies Co. Ltd (CN)
 * 90) Code 0x5A: Giantec Semiconductor Inc. (CN)
 * 91) Code 0x5B: JSC Angstrem-T (RU)
 * 92) Code 0x5C: STARCHIP France
 * 93) Code 0x5D: SPIRTECH (FR)
 * 94) Code 0x5E: GANTNER Electronic GmbH (AT)
 * 95) Code 0x5F: Nordic Semiconductor (NO)
 * 96) Code 0x60: Verisiti Inc (US)
 * 97) Code 0x61: Wearlinks Technology Inc. (CN)
 * 98) Code 0x62: Userstar Information Systems Co., Ltd (TW)
 * 99) Code 0x63: Pragmatic Printing Ltd. (UK)
 * 100) Code 0x64: Associação do Laboratório de Sistemas Integráveis Tecnológico – LSI-TEC (BR)
 * 101) Code 0x65: Tendyron Corporation (CN)
 * 102) Code 0x66: MUTO Smart Co., Ltd.(KR)
 * 103) Code 0x67: ON Semiconductor (US)
 * 104) Code 0x68: TÜBİTAK BİLGEM (TR)
 * 105) Code 0x69: Huada Semiconductor Co., Ltd (CN)
 * 106) Code 0x6A: SEVENEY (FR)
 * 107) Code 0x6B: ISSM (FR)
 * 108) Code 0x6C: Wisesec Ltd (IL)
 * 109) Code 0x7E: Holtek (TW)

Implementations
The first byte of the UID should always be 0xE0.

Products with ISO/IEC 15693 interface

 * EEPROM: various manufacturers like ST Microelectronics or NXP offer EEPROMs readable via ISO/IEC 15693.
 * μController: Texas Instruments offers a small μController entirely powered by the ISO/IEC 15693 reading field and capable of reading a simple temperature sensor, wirelessly providing the value of that to the reader.

title: ISO/IEC 15693


text:
Talk:Eric W. Weisstein

Untitled
About MathWorld, the article states, "It is regarded as an important resource for both professional and student mathematicians."

I regard this with skepticism as I don't know any mathematicians that consider this an important resource for them. The mathematicians I know prefer to look up their information in standard books in their subject. --C S (Talk) 05:37, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I've removed that sentence. Even if I were to have replaced it by saying "...important resource for students", the problem remains that it is only an editor's opinion and doesn't explain by whom "it is regarded...".  Not only that, but I don't really see the point of having this sentence anyway.  --C S (Talk) 02:01, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

NPOV problem
"displayed a propensity to document that which he has learned in an extremely rigorous manner"

Gimmie a break. --CKL

 * Yes, there are some NPOV issues with this article; also, the beginning sentence doesn't even make any sense: "encyclopedist in several technical areas of science and mathematics"? MathWorld, for example, is a general mathematics work and the more technical articles are written by contributors, not Weisstein.  Well, anyway, I'll go through and see what I can do quickly.  --C S (Talk) 09:29, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * He does have other Treasure Troves (in music, chemistry, etc.). --CKL

 * Well, depending on how you parse it, you could read the statement to mean "...of science and mathematics". My overall point, though, is that when Weissten writes a general astronomy, chemistry, or mathematics reference, to say he is an "encyclopedist in several technical areas of science and mathematics" makes it seem as though he is writing a technical reference, which is quite different than writing a general reference.  Anyway, I removed the statement.  --C S (Talk) 21:24, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

CRC Lawsuit
I'm probably too late on this issue, but I just heard of it. I read the detailed explanation by Eric and I have to say that I am appalled. The first thing that shocked me was the seemingly unsatiable desire for money expressed by the people that sued Eric. The second thing was the fact that they actually won! I can not possibly be the only one who sees how absurd this is. How can such an injustice pass by as if it was an ordinary day-to-day happening? A man was sued for content he created WITHOUT ANY HELP from the plaintiff, BEFORE any contract was ever signed, not to mention the fact that there is nothing in the contract mentioning any kind of copyright transfer! You don't need to be a judge to see the party that is in the right for this "case." It is common sense. I definitely won't be buying any books from such an idiotic ... err ... entrepreneurial ... company any time soon. I urge you to do the same.

As a side note, I also noticed that Mathworld still contains a link to purchase the book at the end of the sidebar. I don't care how much in royalties Weisstein gets, it is unethical to promote the book as far as I'm concerned. I just wanted to say that. 68.183.189.47 00:20, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

 * After submitting the message above, I had one more predominant thought: How do these people sleep at night? Ok, this time I'm done. Really. 68.183.189.47 00:44, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I just read the commentary and I see nothing wrong whatsoever with what CRC did. Did Weisstein actually believe that CRC would pay to print a book that anyone can read online? Weisstein mentioned that the book was selling "well." That doesn't mean anything to business majors like me. If your product is available for free, then chances are you'll have to lower your price to sell it. Sales will doubtlessly fall, also. He raised another straw-man argument about preventing large-scale downloads. As an avid e-book reader, I never download books that are easily accessable online. Weisstein never stated his cut of the revenue, so it's very possible that CRC actually lost money on the venture. I don't know much about printing, but I'd assume that CRC had to make new rollers to print the books, proofread the books, design the pages, and design the brochures. Weisstein didn't even say whether CRC was actually able to sell all of its books. My guess is that CRC gave up trying to sell them. This matter came to my attention when I was reading about the book on Amazon.com. I was trying to find out how many entries the book has, but instead I got an earful about how this Weisstein guy is supposedly being persecuted. I'm about 99% certain all of those reviewers were him. I'm also 99% certain you're him. Wikipedia forbids users to edit their own biographies, and I stongly believe every one of Weisstein's sockpuppet accounts should be blocked here and on Amazon. I find this spamming very offensive. I've seen companies go after people wrongly before. Cases which people never hear about. Yet, this guy has managed to make a lot of noise about this, even though CRC was obviously the victim.--67.165.207.21 04:09, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Did Weisstein actually believe that CRC would pay to print a book that anyone can read online?
 * What planet are you from? Of course there are people who buy stuff you can get online. Becaause the one is online, and the other one is an actual book that you can read in your bed, on the toilet, and in the train. In a nice format and an nice medium. And you can support the author. Of course this is worth some money. Choose a right price, try to be profitable, and you have a business. I think you can easily be profitable with such a thing.
 * So stop spreading the indoctrination of the media industry. It is well-proven, that having the stuff avaliable online does not kill the distribution, packaging and marketing business. You just have to actually adapt to the market. Huh? Who would have thought that? :P -- 88.77.154.63 (talk) 22:47, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Dead Links
The link "Weisstein's Commentary on the CRC Press Lawsuit against MathWorld" (in References) seems to be dead. HowiAuckland (talk) 01:15, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Also the link "Update on the CRC Press Lawsuit against MathWorld" seems to be dead also. HowiAuckland (talk) 01:16, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Also the link "# FAQ on the CRC Press Lawsuit against MathWorld" seems to be dead. HowiAuckland (talk) 01:17, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I've corrected all of these links. Kevin Carmody (talk) 10:17, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

Copyright of MathWorld
The article states "Among these benefits are the inclusion of a copyright notice of the CRC Press at the bottom of all webpages in MathWorld and legal rights to reproduce MathWorld in book format again." But a quick check of a couple of MathWorld articles shows the notice "© 1999-2010 Wolfram Research, Inc." Is the sentence out of date? Since the copyright notice dates itself all the way back to 1999, was the above statement ever correct? Duoduoduo (talk) 00:31, 28 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eric W. Weisstein


text:
Senate House, Cambridge

The Senate House is a 1720s building of the University of Cambridge in England, used formerly for meetings of its senate and now mainly for graduation ceremonies.

Location and construction
The building, which is situated in the centre of the city between King's and Gonville and Caius Colleges, was designed by architect James Gibbs, based to an unclear extent on designs by the gentleman-architect Sir James Burrough, and built in 1722–1730 by Gibbs in a neo-classical style using Portland stone. The ceremony to lay the first stone was performed by Thomas Crosse, then Vice-Chancellor, on 22 June 1722. The site was previously used for houses, which were purchased by an Act of Parliament, dated 11 June 1720. It was officially opened in July 1730, although the western end was not completed until 1768.

The Senate House was originally intended to be one side of a quadrangle, however the rest of the structure was never completed. It forms part of the Old Schools Site. It is a Grade I listed building.

Graduation ceremony

Graduates receiving an undergraduate degree wear the academic dress that they were entitled to before graduating: for example, most students becoming Bachelors of Arts wear undergraduate gowns and not BA gowns. Graduates are presented in the Senate House college by college, in order of foundation or recognition by the university, except for the royal colleges.

The 31 colleges process to the Senate House in the following order: • # King's

• #Trinity College (Cambridge) shield.svg Trinity

• # St John's

• # Peterhouse

• #ClareCollegeCrest.svg Clare

• #Pembroke College (Cambridge) shield.svg Pembroke

• # Gonville & Caius

• # Trinity Hall

• #Arms of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.svg Corpus Christi

• # Queens'

• # St Catharine's

• #Jesus College (Cambridge) shield.svg Jesus

• # Christ's

• #Magdalene college shield.svg Magdalene

• # Emmanuel

• # Sidney Sussex

• # Downing

• #Arms of Girton College, Cambridge.svg Girton

• # Newnham

• # Selwyn

• # Fitzwilliam

• # Churchill

• # Murray Edwards

• # Darwin

• # Wolfson

• # Clare Hall

• # Robinson

• # Lucy Cavendish

• # St Edmund's

• #HughesHallShield.png Hughes Hall

• # Homerton

During the congregation, graduands are brought forth by the Praelector of their college, who takes them by the right hand, and presents them to the vice-chancellor for the degree they are about to take. The Praelector presents graduands with the following Latin statement, substituting the name of the degree for "____":

"'Dignissima domina, Domina Procancellaria et tota Academia praesento vobis hunc virum quem scio tam moribus quam doctrina esse idoneum ad gradum assequendum _____; idque tibi fide mea praesto totique Academiae.

(Most worthy Vice-Chancellor and the whole University, I present to you this man whom I know to be suitable as much by character as by learning to proceed to the degree of ____; for which I pledge my faith to you and to the whole University.)'

and female graduands with the following:

'Dignissima domina, Domina Procancellaria et tota Academia praesento vobis hanc mulierem quam scio tam moribus quam doctrina esse idoneam ad gradum assequendum ____; idque tibi fide mea praesto totique Academiae.

(Most worthy Vice-Chancellor and the whole University, I present to you this woman whom I know to be suitable as much by character as by learning to proceed to the degree of ____; for which I pledge my faith to you and to the whole University.)'

After presentation, the graduand is called by name and kneels before the vice-chancellor and proffers their hands to the vice-chancellor, who clasps them and then confers the degree through the following Latin statement—the Trinitarian formula (in nomine Patris...) may be omitted at the request of the graduand:

'Auctoritate mihi commissa admitto te ad gradum ____, in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti.

(By the authority committed to me, I admit you to the degree of ____, in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.)'"

The now-graduate then rises, bows and leaves the Senate House through the Doctor's door, where he or she receives his or her certificate, into Senate House passage.

At the University of Cambridge, each graduation is a separate act of the university's governing body, the Regent House, and must be voted on as with any other act. A formal meeting of the Regent House, known as a Congregation, is held for this purpose.

University's 800th Anniversary
As part of the University's 800th anniversary celebrations in 2008, the side of the Senate House was illuminated with a light show, illustrating aspects of the history of the university.

Mathematical Tripos results
At the end of the academic year, class-lists for most degrees are posted up on the outer wall of the building. The results of Part II and Part III of the Mathematical Tripos, however, are read out to the waiting students from the balcony of the Senate House, after which piles of class-lists are thrown to the ground from the balcony like confetti in a time-honored manner.

Austin Seven
A battered Austin Seven van was found on the apex of the Senate House roof on the morning of 8 June 1958. The van had been placed there the night before by a party of engineering students from Gonville & Caius College. They found the derelict Austin Seven in Harston and towed it into Cambridge. They removed the engine and rear axle to make it light enough to winch up to the roof, and hauled it up using cables and scaffolding they'd stolen from King's College. It took the University a week to get the van down and the prank received much media attention at the time.

A variety of similar student pranks have been carried out on the roof of the building since. Most notably, a fully-decorated Christmas tree was placed on the corner of the Senate House roof in November 2022, assumed to be the work of night climbers.

BBC Election Debate 2017
On 31 May 2017, Senate House hosted the BBC Election Debate ahead of the UK General Election eight days later.

Mishal Husain chaired audience questions for Jeremy Corbyn, Tim Farron, Caroline Lucas, Paul Nuttall, Angus Robertson, Amber Rudd, and Leanne Wood.

title: Senate House, Cambridge


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/February 6, 2005


text: Wikipedia:POTD/February 6, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/February 6, 2005


text:
Edward Babiuch

Edward Mikołaj Babiuch (28 December 1927 – 1 February 2021 ) was a Polish Communist political figure. He was one of four deputy chairmen of the Polish Council of State 1976–1980. Babiuch served as the 50th Prime Minister of Poland from 18 February to 24 August 1980. He died in February 2021 at the age of 93. He was the longest-lived former Polish prime minister, improving on the record of Adam Jerzy Czartoryski.

title: Edward Babiuch


text:
Senate House, London

Senate House is the administrative centre of the University of London, situated in the heart of Bloomsbury, London, immediately to the north of the British Museum.

The Art Deco building was constructed between 1932 and 1937 as the first phase of a large uncompleted scheme designed for the university by Charles Holden. It consists of 19 floors and is 210 ft high.

During the Second World War, the building's use by the Ministry of Information inspired two works of fiction by English writers. The earliest, Graham Greene's novel The Ministry of Fear (1943), inspired a 1944 film adaptation directed by Fritz Lang set in Bloomsbury. The description of the Ministry of Truth in George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) evokes the Senate House. His wife Eileen worked in the building for the Censorship Department of the Ministry of Information.

Today the main building houses the University of London's Central Academic Bodies and activities, including the offices of the vice-chancellor of the university, the entire collection of the Senate House Library, six of the eight research institutes of the School of Advanced Study, as well as departments of distance learning provider University of London Worldwide.

History
After the First World War the University of London, then based at the Imperial Institute in Kensington was in urgent need of new office and teaching space to allow for its growth and expansion. In 1921, the government bought 11 acre of land in Bloomsbury from the Duke of Bedford to provide a new site for the university. However, many within the university were opposed to a move, and, in 1926, the Duke bought back the land. However, the election of William Beveridge to the post of vice-chancellor of the university in June 1926 was highly significant as Beveridge supported a move to Bloomsbury. Beveridge persuaded the Rockefeller Foundation to donate £400,000 to the university and the original site was reacquired in 1927.

Beveridge saw the university as one "for the nation and the world, drawing from overseas as many students as Oxford and Cambridge and all the other English universities together." and specified that "the central symbol of the University on the Bloomsbury site can not fittingly look like an imitation of any other university, it must not be a replica from the Middle Ages. It should be something that could not have been built by any earlier generation than this, and can only be at home in London ... (the building) means a chance to enrich London – to give London at its heart not just more streets and shops ... but a great architectural feature ... an academic island in swirling tides of traffic, a world of learning in a world of affairs."

The grand art deco design was the work of Charles Holden, who was appointed as architect in March 1931 from a short list which also included Giles Gilbert Scott, Percy Scott Worthington, and Arnold Dunbar Smith. In making their choice, Beveridge and the Principal, Edwin Deller, were influenced by the success of Holden's recently completed 55 Broadway, designed as the headquarters for the London Electric Railway and then the tallest office building in London.

Holden's original plan for the university building was for a single structure covering the whole site, stretching almost 1200 ft from Montague Place to Torrington Street. It comprised a central spine linked by a series of wings to the perimeter façade and enclosing a series of courtyards. The scheme was to be topped by two towers; the taller Senate House and a smaller one to the north. The design featured elevations of load-bearing brick work faced with Portland stone. Construction began in 1932 and was undertaken by Holland, Hannen & Cubitts. King George V laid the ceremonial foundation stone on 26 June 1933 and the first staff moved in during 1936, the university's centenary year. On 27 November 1936, a group of university officials, led by the Principal, Sir Edwin Deller, went out to inspect the work in progress. Suddenly, without warning, a skip being pushed by a workman overhead accidentally fell down and hit them. All were rushed to University College Hospital, where three days later, Deller died of his injuries. Due to a lack of funds, the full design was gradually cut back, and only the Senate House and Library were completed in 1937, although the external flanking wings of the north-eastern courtyard were not constructed. As he had with his earlier buildings, Holden also prepared the designs for the individual elements of the interior design. The completion of the buildings for the Institute of Education and the School of Oriental Studies followed, but the onset of the Second World War prevented any further progress on the full scheme.

Critical opinion

The architectural character and scale of the building has received both positive and negative criticism since its construction. Steen Eiler Rasmussen, a friend of Holden, commented that, with the expansive design, "the London University is swallowing more and more of the old houses, and this quarter – which the Duke of Bedford laid out for good domestic houses – has taken on quite a different character." Evelyn Waugh, in Put Out More Flags (1942), describes it as "the vast bulk of London University insulting the autumnal sky."

Positive comments came from functionalist architect Erich Mendelsohn in 1938, who wrote to Holden that he was "very much taken and am convinced that there is no finer building in London." Architectural historian Arnold Whittick described the building as a "static massive pyramid ... obviously designed to last for a thousand years", but thought "the interior is more pleasing than the exterior. There is essentially the atmosphere of dignity, serenity and repose that one associates with the architecture of ancient Greece." Nikolaus Pevsner was less enthusiastic. He described its style as "strangely semi-traditional, undecided modernism" and summarised the result: "The design certainly does not possess the vigour and directness of Charles Holden's smaller Underground stations." Others have described it as Stalinist or as totalitarian due to its great scale.

Holden recognised that his architectural style placed him in "rather a curious position, not quite in the fashion and not quite out of it; not enough of a traditionalist to please the traditionalists and not enough of a modernist to please the modernists."

Present day
Senate House remains a prominent landmark throughout Bloomsbury and is visible from some distance away. The building was listed as Grade II* in 1969. Following a multimillion-pound refurbishment in 2006, Senate House has also become a conference and event venue playing host to some of the city's most prestigious events including London Fashion Week.

Following the relaxation of the rules in the UK on university status under the Major government and consequential stirrings towards full independence of the larger London University colleges, the future of Senate House and its library has from time to time been called into question. However, Senate House remains, and continues to be home both to the vice-chancellor of the University of London and to the deep resources of the university library; indeed, it re-opened in 2006 after undergoing a refurbishment to bring it up to modern standards and to reinstate some of Holden's original interiors.

Some schools in constituent colleges, such as the Birkbeck School of Computer Science and Information Systems (until 2010), and the School of Advanced Study (the UK's national centre for the facilitation and promotion of research in the humanities and social sciences) are or were based in Senate House. SOAS moved into the north block of Senate House from 2016.

The main entrance is from Malet Street to the west and the rear entrance from Russell Square to the east.

In recent years, Senate House has been associated with high-profile industrial relations disputes. In December 2018, a boycott of the University of London, including Senate House, organised by the Independent Workers' Union of Great Britain and supported by a number of high-profile politicians, journalists and academics, including John McDonnell, Owen Jones, Ken Loach and David Graeber came into effect. This campaign of 'direct action' aims to put pressure on the University of London to bring outsourced workers back into the employment of the university by targeting what is a major source of both prestige and revenue for the university. Numerous events during the 2018–19 academic year were cancelled or relocated, and over 350 individual academics, as well as a number of UCU branches all signatories to the campaign. In May 2019 receptionists, porters as well post room and audio-visual (AV) equipment workers were made University of London staff, followed by security guards in May 2020.

Senate House Library
Senate House Library (formerly known as the University of London Library) occupies the fourth to the 18th floors of the building, with the public areas of the library on the fourth to seventh floors. The library is open to staff and students of all colleges within the university (although levels of access differ between institutions) and contains material relevant chiefly to arts, humanities, and social science subjects.

The library is administered by the central university as part the Senate House Libraries, and in 2005 had more than 32,000 registered users. It holds around three million volumes, including 120,000 volumes printed before 1851. The library started with the foundation of the University of London in 1836, but began to develop from 1871 when a book fund was started.

Along with a subscription to over 5,200 journals, other resources include the Goldsmiths' Library of Economic Literature, and the Palaeography room's collection of western European manuscripts. The library also holds over 170,000 theses by graduate students. From 2006 onwards, the library has been undergoing a comprehensive refurbishment process.

The library is also home to the University of London archives, which include the central archive of the university itself and many other collections, including the papers of social reformer Charles Booth, philosopher Herbert Spencer, actress and mystic Florence Farr, author and artist Thomas Sturge Moore, writer Opal Whiteley, and publishing company Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd.

Since June 2021, the librarian has been Catríona Cannon; she is also director of the Library Transformation Programme for the University of London.

In popular culture
Due to its imposing architecture, Senate House is popular with the film and television industries as a shooting location; often for official buildings.

Films that have featured the building include the 1995 version of Richard III (interior of a government building), the 1984 film of Nineteen Eighty-Four (exterior of the apartment building where O'Brien lives), Blue Ice (a hotel), Spy Game (lobby of CIA Headquarters), Batman Begins (lobby of a court), The Dark Knight Rises (a costume ball), Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang (a war office), Fast & Furious 6 (Moscow Interpol HQ), Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (Moscow restaurant), No Time to Die (MI6 Reception) and The 355 (a Shanghai casino).

For television, the building has featured in Jeeves and Wooster (the exterior of Wooster's Manhattan apartment building), Killing Eve, and other programmes. Senate House is a prominent location in the first chapters of the 1951 post-apocalyptic novel The Day of the Triffids by John Wyndham, and was thus used (as itself) in the television adaptation The Day of the Triffids.

title: Senate House, London


text:
Facundo Bacardi

Don Facundo Bacardí Masó (Facund Bacardí i Massó, ; 13 October 1813 – 9 May 1886) was a Spanish businessman who, in 1862, founded the eponymous Bacardi rum distillery.

Biography
Bacardí was born in Sitges (province of Barcelona, Spain), son of a bricklayer. In 1828, he followed his older brothers to Cuba, finding employment in their general store in Santiago. In 1843 he established his own mercantile shop in Santiago, three months after marrying Lucia 'Amalia' Victoria Moreau, a woman from a very prosperous family of Franco-Haitian descent.

Amalia and her family would come to the financial aid of Facundo repeatedly throughout the course of their business ventures. Facundo and Amalia had a number of children, many of whom would play important parts in building the rum business for which the family became famous: Emilio was born in 1844, Juan in 1846, Facundo Jr. in 1848, María in 1851, José in 1857, and Amalia Jr. in 1861.

A 7.0 magnitude earthquake followed by a cholera epidemic devastated Santiago in 1852, claiming the lives of Juan and María. In efforts to safeguard the lives of their children, Facundo and Amalia decided to take the family to Catalonia to stay with Facundo's parents for a number of months. Upon his return to Santiago later that year, Facundo found his store looted and business conditions poor in the wake of the disaster and amid a global slump in sugar, the mainstay of the economy. Facundo's business Facundo Bacardí y Compañía wasn't able to recover, and it was bankrupt in 1855.

Soon after, Facundo, who noticed a gap in the spirits market for a premium Cuban rum, began to experiment with the process of distilling rum. Previously, rum was a crude, low quality beverage. Facundo, with the help of a French Cuban named José León Boutellier, a tenant of a building in Santiago owned by Doña Amalia's godmother Clara Astie, began to experiment with methods of distillation. A combination of revolutionary rum making methods utilizing a proprietary single yeast strain, a parallel distillation process, charcoal filtration, and white oak barrel aging resulted in a much more refined, tamer drink (now known as BACARDÍ rum) which they successfully sold through Facundo's brother's general store.

On February 4, 1862, the partners purchased a distillery on the outskirts of Santiago and constituted the firm "Bacardí, Boutellier, and Company", using capital supplied by Facundo's younger brother José. After owning a general retail business in Cuba for many years, Facundo Bacardí understood how to sell things, and realized that his innovative rum would benefit from good branding. He began to sign each shipment of rum with a bold "Bacardí M" (for Bacardi Massó); in addition, his wife Amalia suggested the adoption of the bat as a logo after spotting a colony of fruit bats hanging in the distillery rafters, a sign of family unity, good fortune and health to the Spanish and Cuban Taíno people.

In 1874, the firm was reorganized into "Bacardi and Company". Facundo's younger brother José chose to sell his shares, and his sons contributed some of their own capital and bought out most of Boutellier's stake as he declined in health. Bacardí rum grew in popularity as it was sold throughout Cuba and even the wider world after winning prizes in international exhibitions. In 1877, Facundo retired, turning management of the company over to his sons Emilio (president), Facundo Jr. (master blender), and José (sales).

The ensuing period of Cuban history was politically tumultuous, as a strong nationalist movement took shape, causing three wars of independence and dividing Cuban society. While Facundo was staunchly pro-Spanish, having been a member of a Volunteer Battalion in Santiago de Cuba in the 1850s, his sons were in favour of Cuban independence, a cause they openly defended after their father's death. However, Emilio became highly involved in politics and the fight for Cuban Independence while running the business and became suspected by the authorities. During one of many sweeps by the loyalist security services, Facundo himself and his son Emilio were arrested. Facundo was released but Emilio was eventually imprisoned for four years, during which the business was operated by the remaining brothers with Emilio providing strategic advice from afar.

Facundo lived to see Emilio released and the business to grow in fame, although not yet in financial strength. In March 1886, Don Facundo died at the age of 72. Despite creating a rum legacy passed down through generations of the Bacardí family, he left behind only a small house in Santiago de Cuba, a small family farm, and a company surviving on the verge of bankruptcy.

title: Facundo Bacardi


text:
List of channels in Hong Kong

List of channels, straits and passages in Hong Kong

title: List of channels in Hong Kong


text:
Augustus O. Bacon

Augustus Octavius Bacon (October 20, 1839 – February 14, 1914) was a Confederate soldier, segregationist, and U.S. politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. senator from Georgia, becoming the first senator to be directly elected after the ratification of the 17th Amendment, and rose to the position of president pro tempore of the United States Senate. Controversy arose during the American Civil Rights Movement over a provision in his will that created a racially segregated park in his hometown of Macon, which led to two U.S. Supreme Court decisions. He was a slave owner.

Biography
Augustus Octavius Bacon was born in Bryan County, Georgia. He graduated in 1859 from the University of Georgia (UGA) in Athens, Georgia, and from the University of Georgia School of Law in its inaugural class of graduates in 1860. While at UGA, he was a member of the Phi Kappa Literary Society.

He was a soldier in the army of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Following the end of the war, he served in the Georgia State House of Representatives from 1871 to 1886, for much of that time as House speaker. He made his home in Macon.

Bacon was elected as one of Georgia's United States senators in 1894 and was re-elected to three subsequent terms. Bacon held several committee chairmanships (Committee on Engrossed Bills, Committee on Private Land Claims, Committee on Foreign Relations). He considered himself an Anglophile, once remarking that "all the blood in me comes from English ancestors," but he did not want America to become an imperial power along the same lines as the United Kingdom; he opposed the Spanish–American War and the subsequent occupation of the Philippines on those grounds.

He served as one of several alternating presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate during the 62nd Congress (1911 to 1913), as part of a compromise under which Bacon and four senators from the Republican majority rotated in the office because no single candidate in either party was able to secure a majority vote.

While in the Senate, Bacon was one of a number of members of Congress who tried to get "better" streets in Washington, D.C., named after their home states. Although most of these efforts failed, in 1908 Bacon succeeded in having Brightwood Avenue (or Brookeville Pike) renamed Georgia Avenue. The old Georgia Avenue became Potomac Avenue.

Bacon died of a coronary occlusion on February 14, 1914, in Washington, D.C., at the age of 74. He was buried at Rose Hill Cemetery in Macon, Georgia.

Legacy
After his death, Senator Bacon's 1911 will established a "whites only" park in Macon which was to be held in trust by the city. During the Civil Rights Movement, the use of the park, known as Baconsfield Park, was the subject of two related Supreme Court cases.

The first, Evans v. Newton, was decided in 1966. The Court held that the use of the park for "whites only" was invalid under the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause. Because the park was held in trust by a public entity, the Court held that it could not exclude non-white persons. Although the city tried to maintain the segregationist intentions of Senator Bacon by transferring the trust to private trustees, Justice Douglas’ majority opinion explained that a park is public in nature and may not exclude non-white persons from using the park for recreation.

A subsequent Supreme Court case, Evans v. Abney, was decided in 1970. After the Court held that Baconsfield Park was unable to perform a segregationist function, the state court held that "Senator Bacon's intention to provide a park for whites only had become impossible to fulfill and that accordingly the trust had failed and the parkland and other trust property had reverted by operation of Georgia law to the heirs of the Senator." The decision involved the doctrine of cy pres, and it was necessary for the court to determine Senator Bacon's probable intention in the matter. The Court concluded that, if Senator Bacon had been able to know that his objective was impossible or illegal, he would have preferred that the land revert to his heirs. The Supreme Court of the United States affirmed the decision of the Supreme Court of Georgia, holding that refusing to apply the doctrine of cy pres did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Bacon's heirs then sold the property to private developers, who converted the land near North Avenue and Nottingham Drive to commercial use.

Bacon County, Georgia, established shortly after his death in 1914, is named in his honor.

title: Augustus O. Bacon


text:
Dévots

Dévots (, Devout) was the name given in France to a group, active in both politics and social welfare, in the first half of the 17th century, which took a decisive part in the Catholic reform. It represented a perspective rather than a party. They shared a resistance to Protestant ascendancy, a nostalgia for the lost unity of Christendom, and an interest in social reforms in accordance with Christian morality.

History
The "Dévots" were members of a conservative faction in France in the early part of the seventeenth century with a strong political purpose. Among the prominent dévots was Cardinal Pierre de Bérulle, founder of the French school of spirituality and chaplain to queen Marie de' Medici. A number of members had earlier belonged to the Catholic League. According to historian Mack P. Holt, "...the League was the conduit between the Tridentine spirituality of the Catholic Reformation and the seventeenth century devots." However, Catholic royalists were also equally involved in dévot social projects.

Bérulle and the devots favored an alliance of France with Catholic Austria and Spain, and opposed Cardinal Richelieu who wanted to undermine Habsburg influence in Europe. Although the Day of the Dupes (November 10, 1630), which confirmed Richelieu as prime minister, marked their political failure, the dévots nonetheless remained very influential (notably with the fervently Catholic regent Anne of Austria).

The residence of Madame Barbara Acarie, whose husband Pierre had been a strong supporter of the League, became a gathering place for the distinguished and devout of Paris. Among those who frequented her home were Keeper of the Seals Michel de Marillac, royal confessor Pierre Coton, and the Marquise de Maignelay (née Claude-Marguerite de Gondi, sister of Jean-François de Gondi, archbishop of Paris), among others. The Marquise was instrumental in the establishment of the Madelonnettes Convent, a refuge for prostitutes.

Their influence was felt through the Society of the Holy Sacrament (Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement). Molière's Tartuffe was banned in 1664 when the dévots believed it was satirizing them for being hypocritical in their faith.

Though Louis XIV established an absolute monarchy, the dévots remained active almost until the French Revolution, being very influential with two heirs to the French throne, Louis, duc de Bourgogne, grandson of Louis XIV, and Louis, Dauphin of France, son of Louis XV, both of whom died early and never reigned.

title: Dévots


text: Category:Chemistry images

title: Category:Chemistry images


text:
File:SymphonyXLiveOnTheEdgeOfForever.jpg

Summary
Live on the Edge of Forever


text:
Talk:Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay

Untitled
I call for deletion of this page on the grounds that it has no potential to expand into something encyclopedic. I suspect there is next to nothing known about this unfortunate kid except that he died in infancy. In those days even a lot of royal children died in infancy, do they all get an entry? It might be argued that this one was a bit exceptional since he was heir to the throne. However James IV had about 4 children who died in infancy, who were all heir during their lives of a few hours to a few months, James V had 2 sons who died in infancy, 1 of who was heir. Also, it misspells his name, it should be Stewart. PatGallacher 11:58, 2005 Feb 5 (UTC)

 * According to the Scottish monarchs' family tree it should be Stuart, but the article on James I of Scotland uses Stewart for his uncle. Do you have a source that may be considered authoritative?  My Hutchinson's gives Stuart as main and Stewart as alternative: Chambers' Biographical gives the reverse.  The main Wikipedia article is titled House of Stuart.  Noisy | Talk 20:22, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)

Votes for deletion results
This page was listed on votes for deletion. Please see Votes for deletion/Alexander Stuart, Duke of Rothesay for the results of the debate. -- AllyUnion (talk) 13:04, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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Docking station

In computing, a docking station or port replicator (hub) or dock provides a simplified way to plug-in a mobile device, such as connect common peripherals to a laptop, or charge a smartphone. Because a wide range of dockable devices—from mobile phones to wireless mouse—have different connectors, power signaling, and uses, docks are unstandardized and are therefore often designed for a specific type of device.

A dock can allow some laptop computers to become a substitute for a desktop computer, without sacrificing the mobile computing functionality of the machine. Portable computers can dock and undock hot, cold or standby, depending on the abilities of the system. In a cold dock or undock, one completely shuts the computer down before docking/undocking. In a hot dock or undock, the computer remains running when docked/undocked. Standby docking or undocking, an intermediate style used in some designs, allows the computer to be docked/undocked while powered on, but requires that it be placed into a sleep mode prior to docking/undocking.

Types
Docking stations can be broadly split up into five basic varieties.

Expansion dock
This type of dock provides some sort of hardware expansion for the device docked to it, such as an external storage drive, a GPU, or a liquid cooling radiator.

Port replicator/hub
Port replicators (sometimes referred to as passthroughs) are functionally and logically identical to a bundle of extension cables, except that they are plugged in and unplugged together through the device. Some also include electrical adaptors to change from one pinout to another (e.g., Micro-DVI to normal DVI connector.) Often Bus-Powered and small form factor, they functionally duplicate ports from the device to easily access more of the existing ports like: SD cards, peripherals, audio jacks, etc. as well as external display(s).

Breakout dock/multi-port adapter
A breakout dock is conceptually a breakout box in the form of a dock. It is an extension to a typical port replicator in that it not only replicates existing ports already on the computer, but also offers additional ports. Modern computers most often accomplish this by using a special, often proprietary, connector that consolidates the signals from many concealed traces from onboard external buses into one connector. As such, the dock can offer a greater number of ports than is physically present on the computer. This allows the basic unit to have fewer physical ports while still allowing users a way to access to the full range of features of its motherboard.

Most companies that produce laptops with such breakout ports also offer simpler adapters that grant access to one or two of the buses consolidated in them at a time.

OEM/proprietary dock
Similar to a breakout device, some docking stations produce multiple connections from one port, only instead of extracting them from internal chipsets, they create them inside the dock using converters. They are functionally identical to a hub with various converters plugged in. Often using proprietary connections and usually meant to be permanently installed, these self-powered docks are intended for specific models of notebooks and would require upgrading at the same time as the notebook. Often, OEM docks contain a wired internet connection, dual displays, and a range of USB and Audio connections.

Universal or third-party dock
Functionally similar to OEM docks, but available in seemingly endless combinations, self-powered non-OEM docks still produce multiple connections from one port, only instead of extracting them from internal chipsets, they create them inside the dock using converters. Typically USB-C or Thunderbolt-3 based, they incorporate a range of converters such as USB display adapters or a full external GPU (eGPU), audio chipsets, NICs, storage enclosures, modems and memory card readers, or even PCI Express card slots connected through an internal USB hub or PCI Express bridge to give the host computer access to extra connections it did not previously possess. Because they are generally vendor neutral, they often support external device charging, more external monitors, and are more flexible to install. They are often the go-to choice for mixed device offices/workplaces to ease complications in deployments.

Notebook/laptop stands and risers
Notebook/laptop stands are sometimes referred to as docking stations, They are an accessory designed to physically support a computer that is placed on it, typically to raise its screen up to a more ergonomic height, provide cooling, or just to conserve desk space. Some more sophisticated versions actually include advanced interfaces allowing high-quality video, high-speed USB and up to 10Gb Ethernet connections. These typically have a high-speed USB-C or Thundertbolt interface.

Notebook/laptop shells
A regular notebook/laptop that does not include CPU, GPU, RAM and/or storage. A smartphone is inserted into the empty space within to act as a replacement for those missing features. Those docks are sometimes referred to as Lapdocks or LapDock, a portmanteau of laptop and dock.

Vehicle docks

Mobile docking stations, also sometimes referred to as vehicle mounts, provide stable platforms for notebook, laptop and tablet operation in vehicles. Many industries have adopted mobile computing and hence operators wish to have their vehicles fully equipped as mobile field offices, commonly referred to as mobile offices. organizations use mobile docking stations in sectors such as (for example): enforcement, electricity, telecommunications, the military, emergency medical services, fire, construction, insurance, real-estate, agriculture, oil, gas, transportation, warehousing, food-distribution, surveying, and landscaping.

Some manufacturers design mobile docking stations specially to withstand the rigors of travel; such products may have MIL-STD 810E construction specifications for vibration and impact.

Mobile docking stations usually come mated to an armature, laptop desk or standard rack in order to provide the ability to position the computer in a vehicle in a safe and ergonomic position. As with all docking stations, a mobile docking station will provide the user with a means to quickly and easily dock and undock the computer. In addition, some mobile docking stations provide a security lock to discourage theft.

Types of vehicle-based docking stations

 * Car Mounts are designed for use with most popular automobiles.
 * Truck Mounts are designed for use with most popular pickup trucks, vans, SUVs and heavy-duty trucks.
 * Cart Mounts and Forklift Mounts are designed to mount notebook, laptop & tablet computers on forklifts and warehouse carts.

Vehicle mount components
Basic components in the design of computer vehicle mounts include: Docking systems are shipped in their individual components, requiring the user to install and configure the device.
 * Docking station: The actual station or cradle in which the mobile PC rests. These stations may come equipped with additional functionality, such as charging and USB ports.
 * Motion attachments: Movable components of a mounting system that attach between the pole or tube and the mount base. These come in a number of varieties, allowing the user to configure their mount's range of motion to desired specifications.
 * Mounting base: Attaches the mounting system to the vehicle. This element is commonly composed of rugged materials such as steel. Tunnel mounts attach to the raised floor area (drive shaft tunnel) between the driver and passenger. Passenger side mounts attach to floor on the passenger side of the vehicle. Console mounting brackets attach to an existing vehicle center console. Trunk mounts provide mounting options for use inside car trunks.
 * Poles and tubes: Attachments that allow the user to adjust the length and particular setup of the mount for the particular vehicle style.
 * Ergonomic Docking Stations:These are intended to both dock the laptop to offer power and Video connectivity and support the laptop screen at a height that allows a comfortable ergonomic view of the screen.'''

title: Docking station


text:
Kenneth Perez

Kenneth Pérez Dahl Jensen (born 29 August 1974) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a winger. Perez scored two goals in 24 matches for the Denmark national team from 2003 to 2008, and he was chosen to compete at the 2004 European Championship.

He appears regularly on Dutch television as a pundit for Fox Sports Eredivisie.

Personal life
Kenneth Perez was born on 29 August 1974 in Copenhagen, Denmark, as Kenneth Perez Dahl Jensen. He is married to Britt Perez. They have two sons.

In 1997 his girlfriend Britt moved with him from Denmark to the Netherlands, and a few years later, they married.

Perez's mother is from Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.

Career
Perez started his career for Danish club Akademisk Boldklub, where he reached the 1995 Danish Cup final. The final was lost to F.C. Copenhagen, with whom Perez signed a two-year contract in autumn that year. He played two years for F.C. Copenhagen, and Perez was a part of the team which won the 1997 Danish Cup. With months left of his contract, he moved abroad in August 1997, to play for Dutch Eredivisie side MVV Maastricht. Perez scored goals frequently for MVV, and his dribbling ability was regarded as one of the best in the Eredivisie. With his contract nearing expiry, he looked to leave the club in winter 1999. Dutch clubs Roda JC and AZ wanted to buy Perez, and he eventually penned a $5 1/2$-year contract with AZ starting from January 2000.

He made his debut for the Denmark national team under manager Morten Olsen in November 2003. He came on as a substitute to replace Dennis Rommedahl in the 3–2 victory against England. He was selected to represent Denmark at the 2004 European Championship, where he took part in one match, coming on as a substitute.

Often playing on the left winger, Perez was the most technical of AZ's prolific strike force during the 2004–05 season. He was AZ's top goal scorer in that season, as he fired 13 goals past opposition goalkeepers, and was the joint 9th best league goal scorer. The club finished in third place that season, and ended second in the 2005–06 season. After six-and-a-half years at AZ, Perez transferred to rival Eredivisie side Ajax in the summer 2006. He subsequently ended his national team career to focus on playing for Ajax. Since his debut in November 2003, Perez played 19 national team matches, though he was either substituted on or off the pitch, and never played a full national team match.

He won the Dutch Super Cup trophy with Ajax, beating PSV 3–1 in August 2006. In December 2006, Perez admitted having used a racial slur against an assistant referee. He publicly apologized to the assistant referee and received a five-match ban and a €12,500 fine.

In July 2007, Perez signed with Ajax rivals PSV on a two-year deal.

On 31 December 2007, it was announced Perez would make a shock return to Ajax with immediate effect. He signed a one-and-a-half-year deal with an option for another season.

Pressed for an explanation, Jan Reker, the technical director of PSV, responded on 1 January 2008. Reker observed that Perez had requested a transfer back to Amsterdam only after Ajax had failed to lure Ismail Aissati to Amsterdam. According to Reker, Perez cited two reasons for the request: the commute from his home in North Holland to Eindhoven on a daily basis was a burden; and, once PSV coach Ronald Koeman left, interim coach Jan Wouters had limited his playing time.

Perez and Martin van Geel, the technical director of Ajax, subsequently disputed Reker's account. Perez stated that PSV had initiated the transfer by telling Perez, just four months after his arrival from Ajax, that he no longer had a future at the club; and that Ajax, on the other hand, was still looking for a replacement for star midfield player Wesley Sneijder, who had been sold to Real Madrid. Then, with the departure of Ten Cate for Chelsea in September, Perez had a path back to Amsterdam. Van Geel added that Ajax had only wanted to buy Aissati the previous summer and that the failure to acquire Assaiti was not a factor in Perez's transfer.

Perez was relegated to the Ajax reserves in the summer of 2008 by new Ajax head coach Marco van Basten He was released at the end of August. and later on July was transferred to Steve McClaren's FC Twente.

In January 2010, Perez marked himself as the player with the second most assists and goals in Dutch football through the past decade. The only player above him was Dirk Kuyt. On 2 May 2010, Perez won his first Eredivisie title, coincidentally also the first title of his club FC Twente, at the age of 35 years. It was his last match in a FC Twente jersey.

Honours
Copenhagen
 * Danish Cup: 1996–97

Ajax
 * Johan Cruijff Schaal: 2006

Twente
 * Eredivisie: 2009–10

title: Kenneth Perez


text: User talk:213.79.40.198

title: User talk:213.79.40.198


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User:Roryuk4eva

The online name for Rory Green. This man is a successful person who will one day become a legend.

title: User:Roryuk4eva


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Baena Soares

João Clemente Baena Soares (14 May 1931 – 7 June 2023) was a Brazilian diplomat.

Soares was born in Belém. He worked at the Brazilian Ministry of External Relations for 31 years before being elected to serve as Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1984 to 1994.

In Brazil, he also served as Secretary General of Foreign Affairs of Brazil (that is, as Brazil's Vice-Chancellor).

Between 1997 and 2006, he was a member of the United Nations International Law Commission. On 4 November 2003 UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan appointed him to sit on the High Level Threat Panel.

On 1 September 2006, he was appointed to the United Nations Human Rights Council's High-Level Commission of Inquiry charged with probing allegations that Israel systematically targeted and killed Lebanese civilians during the 2006 Lebanon War.

Soares died on 7 June 2023, at the age of 92.

Publications

 * Sem medo da diplomácia (2006)

title: Baena Soares