text:
Talk:Dorothy Tillman

from Vfd
On 18 Feb 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. See Votes for deletion/Dorothy Tillman for a record of the discussion.

discussion
I did some moving around to have text grouped more appropriately. I also added the controversy and corruption section and added the HWCC and the "waitergate" sections.

Spotsdoes 02:52, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

Page mostly wiped out?
In the last two months the article was whittled down from a modestly detailed biography to a nearly-empty page for no reason that I can discern. I have reverted it back to its version from February 28. If there is some reason all of the text should have been removed as such please let me know. Fractalchez 00:50, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Hm, I've got a discernable reason for you. An IP registered to the city government of Chicago  has repeatedly removed sourced, negative information about Ms. Tillman.  She is currently facing a hotly contested runoff election  (see 3rd ward section).  This is not the first time I've seen political operatives sanitizing wikis about Chicago aldermen - check the history of Richard Mell.  I reverted to your last version; I'm going to keep an eye on this page in the future.  Cheers, Skinwalker 02:57, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

Pacifist?
Dorothy Tillman is listed in the Category Category:American pacifists, but I have not been able to find any verification of this. I'm seen some circumstantial evidence that she might be, but no statement from her or anyone else that she is (though she might fit into Category:Anti-war activists. Removing until evidence is found.  Much thanks.  Fractalchez 03:00, 12 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Pacifists don't whip out pistols at city council meetings. I concur with your removal.  Skinwalker 03:05, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Controversy section
I restored the controversy section. Some of the linked references were dead, so I tracked down live links and replaced them. None of this material is sourced to blogs - it is all sourced to reputable reputable media in Chicago, and thus does not violate WP:BLP. I'd appreciate if there could be discussion before information is removed in the future. I did not replace the external link blogs - I agree that they needed to go. Skinwalker (talk) 13:45, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I have removed two sections again.
 * One was sourced to an editorial column (not a reliable source for BLP facts,) and only says that some say Tillman brandished the gun. It also contained unsourced statements, about calls from alderman etc. I don't doubt that there are a reliable sources out there for this, but we need to find it first.
 * I have also removed the section about the candidates meeting, which seems to be more about her daughter and staffer than anything else. It is also sourced to a rather sensationalistic article in an alternative weekly, which isn't the best source for a BLP article.

 * Please note that as I said at the BLP noticeboard, there are probably lots of interesting, well sourced things to say about this lady. I note some interesting events in the last month, for example.  But it needs to be written neutrally and sourced appropriately.--Slp1 (talk) 14:22, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

 * PS Is the information about the Caucasian employees sueing in the newspaper article? I can't see it.  And is it really relevant to this article, do you think?  Slp1 (talk) 14:28, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

 * They sued sometime after the included article was published. This article discusses the suit.  I think it's relevant, as there was a fair amount of local press coverage of the incident that mentioned Tillman.  As for the pistol incident, I agree that the editorial I sourced may not be the best reference.  Here's a better one from the Washington Post (yes, this made national news) that specifically attributes the act to her.  Can we use this source?
 * The candidates meeting material can be excluded, since it revolves around her daughter and not her, but I wouldn't discount everything that comes from the Chicago Reader. Alternative paper, yes, but their reporting on city politics is notably better and more in-depth than the docile (and fairly servile) coverage typical of the Chicago Tribune and Sun-Times.  For instance, they broke the Jon Burge police torture scandal at a time when the Trib and Sun-Times refused to pick up the story.  The implications of the scandal are still felt 18 years later in coverage of police misconduct and the death penalty in Illinois.
 * I would prefer to leave Ms. Tillman's recent incident out of the article on BLP grounds. It happened after she left office, and seems comparatively minor.  This article should focus on her service as an alderman, I think.  Cheers, Skinwalker (talk) 17:00, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, I know nothing about Tillman, but have now done a bit of a survey of material about her and downloaded some full articles about here which I can send you if you like. For the specifics of your questions
 * I do not thinking the suing of the hotel is relevant and should be removed. It is only tangentially related to her and several news articles confirm that she was not named in the suit. In fact I will be removing it after saving this.
 * Just so you know, from my quick survey it seems that the Chicago reader had their own incident with Tillman in the history, which might make them a bit less kindly disposed to her. But anyway we seem to be agreed about not including this.
 * Most references to the gun story are careful to use the word 'alleged'. Even the article from the Washington Post  you cite distances itself from accusing her by quoting the Tribune and unnamed sources etc. The WashP article is called a 'letter' which only indicates that it is opinion piece too. This section would need to be written very carefully and stick very closely to the sources.
 * The tone of the controversy section is not very neutral, and seems to contain some original research type things, which I will clean up. --Slp1 (talk) 18:02, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

"Chicago Alderman" section
This part is pretty blatant pro-Tillman puffery. It really needs to be rewritten, or perhaps just pared down to the bare facts.— Chowbok  ☠  22:34, 4 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Agreed. I removed one line about property values increasing during Tillman's tenure: unless there is some verifiable statement by some reliable source that this is causation and not correlation, this seems to clearly violate WP:OR.  As for the rest, I'm having a hard time telling exactly where the line between relevant fact and hagiography is, so I'll leave this to others for now.  Thanks, Fractalchez (talk) 17:01, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Dorothy Tillman. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060829000928/http://chicityclerk.com:80/citycouncil/alderman/ward3/index.html to http://www.chicityclerk.com/citycouncil/alderman/ward3/index.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050219092601/http://www.chicityclerk.com:80/citycouncil/alderman/ward3/ to http://www.chicityclerk.com/citycouncil/alderman/ward3/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:38, 16 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Dorothy Tillman. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080508030420/http://cbs2chicago.com/local/dorothy.tillman.arrested.2.667326.html to http://cbs2chicago.com/local/dorothy.tillman.arrested.2.667326.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060829000928/http://chicityclerk.com/citycouncil/alderman/ward3/index.html to http://www.chicityclerk.com/citycouncil/alderman/ward3/index.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.chicityclerk.com/citycouncil/alderman/ward3/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:49, 13 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dorothy Tillman


text:
Talk:Caroline St John-Brooks

from Vfd
On 18 Feb 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. See Votes for deletion/Caroline St John-Brooks for a record of the discussion.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Caroline St John-Brooks. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070312073324/http://dynamic.rte.ie:80/av/127041.smil to http://dynamic.rte.ie/av/127041.smil

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:07, 16 November 2016 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Caroline St John-Brooks


text:
Goražde

Goražde (Горажде, ) is a city and the administrative center of the Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the banks of the Drina river. As of 2013, the city has a population of 20,897 inhabitants, while the urban centre has 11,806 inhabitants.

Location
Goražde is situated on the banks of the River Drina in southeastern Bosnia. The city lies at the foot of the eastern slope of the Jahorina mountain at a height of 345 m above sea level. The settlement is situated on the alluvial terrace in a broad valley, formed by the erosion of the River Drina. The valley borders Biserna to the southeast (701 m (2,300 ft)), Samari to the south (696 m (2,283 ft)), Misjak to the southwest (618 m (2,028 ft)), Gubavica to the west (410 m (1,345 ft)) and Povrsnica to the north (420 m (1,378 ft)).

The River Drina flows between these and some other hills. Its valley, which, since ancient times has been part of the route going from the sea to the mainland (Dubrovnik–Trebinje–Gacko–Foča–the Drina valley), is the main traffic artery in the southeastern region of Bosnia. In Goražde this route meets another route coming from Sarajevo and central Bosnia via the Jabuka Mountain, passes down to the Drina valley and proceeds on to Plevlje.

Medieval period
With Gornje Podrinje, Goražde was part of the old Serbian State up to 1376, when it was annexed to the Bosnian State under the reign of King Tvrtko. After Tvrtko's death the town was ruled by the Hum Dukes among whom the best known was Herzog Stjepan Vukčić Kosača.

In 1379, Goražde was first mentioned as a trading settlement and in 1444 as a fortress. The origin of the town's name seems to have come from the Slavonic word "gorazd".

The Goražde market became well known in 1415 when merchants from Dubrovnik had intensive commercial relations with it.

Ottoman rule
The Ottomans conquered Goražde in 1465 and the place assumed oriental features. In 1477 there were four mahals in the town. From 1550–1557 Mehmed-paša Sokolović built a stone bridge across the Drina and a caravanserai.

During the Turkish rule Goražde was a significant trading centre, being at the crossroads of two important roads: the Bosnian road and the Dubrovnik road. The gross state income from the land amounted to 24,256 akchi in 1477. In 1711 it amounted to 26,000 akchi.

Two mosques built by the Sijerčić beys date back to the 18th century. Near Goražde stands the Eastern Orthodox Church of Saint George, built in 1454 by Stjepan Vukčić Kosača for his wife. The Goražde printing house, located in the church complex, worked there from 1519 to 1521. This was the first printing house to be established in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the second in the Balkans.

The composition of the Goražde population can be traced from the times of the Austro-Hungarian occupation. The Orthodox inhabitants originate from Stari Vlah in Sandžak, Brda in Montenegro, Herzegovina and southern Serbia. Aside from a few ancestral inhabitants, the Muslim population began to come in great numbers to Goražde and its surroundings in the 17th century.

The decline of Goražde in the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century is attributed, among other things, to the plague. Up to the middle of the 19th century Goražde was part of the Herzegovinian Sandjak, when it then became part of the Sarajevo Sandjak.

Austro-Hungrian rule
The period of the Austro-Hungarian occupation was marked by the decline of Goražde, although there was at the same time a certain rise. Due to its geographical position on the border Goražde was during World War I one of the main strongholds of Austria-Hungary used against Serbia and Montenegro.

Yugoslavia
The interwar Yugoslav Goražde, being no longer a frontier town, had normal conditions under which it developed and prospered.

In 1941 German troops entered the town after an air raid on April 17. Later on Italian troops were also stationed there.

The National Liberation Army took over the town for the first time on January 27, 1942, and remained there until May of the same year. During this period the National Liberation Committees were formed for the town of Goražde on the basis of the Foča Stipulations. At the same time Goražde was the headquarters of the National Liberation Army for eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. In early March 1942 the Commander-in-Chief, Marshal Tito stayed in Goražde. Goražde was liberated twice more, in 1943 and 1944, and on March 6, 1945 it was finally liberated from the occupation.

Chetnik massacres against ethnic Croats and Bosniaks in December 1941–January 1942 caused the death of approximately 2,050 civilians.

From the end of World War II to 1961, a considerable number of groups of families came to live in Goražde from the neighbouring villages and some from other further places, having been attracted by the economic growth of Goražde. According to the census of 1961 Goražde had 8,812 inhabitants.

Before World War II, the industry of Goražde consisted mainly of retail trade and to a certain extent wholesale trade, the catering industry, handicraft and transport. During the occupation, from 1941 to 1945, the industry was destroyed and about 45% of the existing houses as well.

After World War II, a new period marked by a tremendous social and economic rise began. A number of new industrial enterprises have been founded, among which the most significant is a nitrogen factory.

Since then Goražde's industry has been systematically developing, its main branches being manufacturing, building, transport, trade and crafts. In 1981 Goražde's GDP per capita was 70% of the Yugoslav average.

Bosnian War
From 1992 to 1995 during the Bosnian War, Goražde was one of six Bosniak enclaves, along with Srebrenica and Žepa, surrounded and besieged by the Bosnian Serb Army. In April 1993 it was made into a United Nations Safe Area in which the United Nations was supposed to deter attacks on the civilian population. Between March 30 and April 23, 1994, the Serbs launched a major offensive against the town. After air strikes against Serb tanks and outposts and a NATO ultimatum, Serbian forces agreed to withdraw their artillery and armored vehicles 20 km from the town. On 28 May 1995 it was again targeted by the Bosnian Serbs, who launched an assault on UN guard posts, overwhelming 33 British UN servicemen from the Royal Welch Fusiliers manning four observation posts on the west bank of the Drina. The remaining troops, who were stationed on the east bank, managed to slip away and helped Bosniak reinforcements to prevent Bosnian Serbs from taking a key hill overlooking the town. This action is credited with saving the town from suffering the same fate of Srebrenica, where the Bosnian Serbs continued the siege after the failed attempt.

After the Dayton Agreement, a land corridor was established between Goražde and the Federation.

Settlements

 * Ahmovići
 * Baćci
 * Bahovo
 * Berić
 * Bakije
 * Bare
 * Bašabulići
 * Batkovići
 * Bezmilje
 * Biljin
 * Blagojevići
 * Bogdanići
 * Bogušići
 * Borak Brdo
 * Borova
 * Borovići
 * Bošanje
 * Boškovići
 * Brajlovići
 * Bratiš
 * Brekovi
 * Brezje
 * Brijeg
 * Bučje
 * Budići
 * Butkovići
 * Butkovići Ilovača
 * Crvica
 * Čitluk
 * Čovčići
 * Čurovi
 * Ćatovići
 * Ćehajići
 * Deševa
 * Donja Brda
 * Donja Bukvica
 * Donje Selo
 * Donji Bogovići
 * Dragolji
 * Dragovići
 * Dučići
 * Džindići
 * Džuha
 * Đakovići
 * Faočići
 * Gaj
 * Glamoč
 * Gočela
 * Gojčevići
 * Goražde
 * Gornja Brda
 * Gornja Bukvica
 * Gornji Bogovići
 * Grabovik
 * Gradac
 * Gunjačići
 * Gunjevići
 * Gusići
 * Guskovići
 * Hadžići
 * Hajradinovići
 * Hladila
 * Hrančići
 * Hrid
 * Hrušanj
 * Hubjeri
 * Ilino
 * Ilovača
 * Jabuka
 * Jagodići
 * Jarovići
 * Kalac
 * Kamen
 * Kanlići
 * Karauzovići
 * Karovići
 * Kazagići
 * Knjevići
 * Kodžaga Polje
 * Kola
 * Kolijevke
 * Kolovarice
 * Konjbaba
 * Konjevići
 * Kosače
 * Kostenik
 * Kovači
 * Kraboriš
 * Krašići
 * Kreča
 * Kučine
 * Kušeši
 * Kutješi
 * Laleta
 * Lukarice
 * Ljeskovik
 * Markovići
 * Mašići
 * Milanovići
 * Mirvići
 * Mirvići na Podhranjenu
 * Morinac
 * Mravi
 * Mravinjac
 * Mrkovi
 * Nekopi
 * Nevorići
 * Novakovići
 * Odžak
 * Orahovice
 * Oručevac
 * Osanica
 * Osječani
 * Ostružno
 * Ozrenovići
 * Paraun
 * Perjani
 * Pijestina
 * Pijevac
 * Plesi
 * Podhomara
 * Podhranjen
 * Podkozara Donja
 * Podkozara Gornja
 * Podmeljine
 * Poratak
 * Potrkuša
 * Pribjenovići
 * Prisoje
 * Prolaz
 * Pršeši
 * Radići
 * Radijevići
 * Radmilovići
 * Radovovići
 * Raškovići
 * Ratkovići
 * Rešetnica
 * Ropovići
 * Rosijevići
 * Rusanj
 * Sedlari
 * Seoca
 * Sijedac
 * Skravnik
 * Slatina
 * Sofići
 * Sopotnica
 * Spahovići
 * Surovi
 * Šabanci
 * Šašići
 * Šehovići
 * Šemihova
 * Šovšići
 * Šućurići
 * Trebeševo
 * Tupačići
 * Uhotići
 * Ušanovići
 * Ustiprača
 * Utješinovići
 * Vitkovići
 * Vlahovići
 * Vlajčići
 * Vraneši
 * Vranići
 * Vranpotok
 * Vrbica
 * Vremci
 * Vučetići
 * Zabus
 * Zakalje
 * Zapljevac
 * Završje
 * Zemegresi
 * Zidine
 * Zorlaci
 * Zorovići
 * Zubovići
 * Zubovići u Oglečevi
 * Zupčići
 * Žigovi
 * Žilići
 * Žitovo
 * Živojevići
 * Žuželo

Natural environment
The surrounding region of Goražde is composed of Paleozoic and Permian shales, sandstones and carbon sedimentary rocks. The hills are for the most part rounded and with gentle slopes. The higher ones are composed of limestone. Goražde with its surroundings has a mainly equable and fresh mountainous climate. The average annual temperature is 10.8 °C and the rainfall is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The town is supplied with water from six springs. A part of the population gets drinking water from ordinary wells. The construction of a water supply system began in 1962 from a spring in Čajniče, 16.5 km from Goražde.

The River Drina has great significance for the founding and development of Goražde.

The greatest floods recorded since the 17th century occurred in 1677, 1731, 1737, 1896, 1911, 1922, 1952, 1974 and 2010.

Built environment
The main characteristic of the layout of the town is its elongated shape along the Ustiprača–Foča road. From 1465 to 1878 Goražde was part of the Ottoman Empire. In the 18th and 19th centuries Goražde was inhabited by Muslim and Orthodox communities. Up to World War II Goražde was made up of two separate parts: A Muslim and an Orthodox part. Nowadays this divide is disappearing. After World War II the town began to expand and be modernized, new streets were built, public and residential buildings were built in the centre and in the outskirts. From 1945 to 1961, 1130 council flats and 680 private homes were built. In 1961 there were a total of 616 buildings in the town.

In literature
The 1992–1995 siege of Goražde is the subject of several books, two of which are available in English; both underline the mixture of brutality and humanity that punctuated the era. Savo Heleta's Not My Turn to Die is written by a survivor who was a Bosnian Serb teenager whose family was once under the Serb bombardments and also under suspicion as Serbs in the mostly Bosniak town. Safe Area Goražde is a graphic novel by Joe Sacco, a reporter who visited the besieged town several times during that period.

Another book that is centred heavily on Goražde is No Escape Zone authored by Nick Richardson. Richardson is a former Fleet Air Arm pilot who was shot down in the region of Goražde during a NATO bombing mission. He spent several weeks inside the city and mentions the conditions and daily shelling the residents and UN forces faced.

Sports
Local football club FK Goražde play in the Bosnian second tier — First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and host their games at the Stadion Midhat Drljević.

Twin towns – sister cities
Goražde is twinned with:

 * 🇹🇷 Adapazarı, Turkey
 * 🇲🇰 Delčevo, North Macedonia
 * 🇹🇷 Gaziemir, Turkey
 * 🇩🇪 Gera, Germany
 * 🇹🇷 Güngören, Turkey
 * 🇹🇷 Karatay, Turkey
 * 🇹🇷 Keçiören, Turkey
 * 🇮🇷 Maragheh, Iran
 * 🇹🇷 Şahinbey, Turkey
 * 🇧🇦 Stari Grad (Sarajevo), Bosnia and Herzegovina

Notable people

 * Admir Raščić, footballer
 * János Vitéz, Danubian humanist, Cardinal Archbishop of Esztergom, Primate of Hungary and Bishop of Várad (1445–1465)
 * Isak Samokovlija, writer
 * Anabela Atijas, singer
 * Kasim Kamenica, handball player and coach
 * Džejla Ramović, singer
 * Husein Đozo, Islamic theologian
 * Stjepan Vukčić Kosača, Herceg/Herzog (duke) of Bosnia
 * Rade Jovanović, folksong collector and composer
 * Elvir Laković Laka, singer

title: Goražde


text:
Locant

In the nomenclature of organic chemistry, a locant is a term to indicate the position of a functional group or substituent within a molecule.

Numeric locants
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends the use of numeric prefixes to indicate the position of substituents, generally by identifying the parent hydrocarbon chain and assigning the carbon atoms based on their substituents in order of precedence. For example, there are at least two isomers of the linear form of pentanone, a ketone that contains a chain of exactly five carbon atoms. There is an oxygen atom bonded to one of the middle three carbons (if it were bonded to an end carbon, the molecule would be an aldehyde, not a ketone), but it is not clear where it is located.

In this example, the carbon atoms are numbered from one to five, which starts at one end and proceeds sequentially along the chain. Now the position of the oxygen atom can be defined as on carbon atom number two, three or four. However, atoms two and four are exactly equivalent - which can be shown by turning the molecule around by 180 degrees.

The locant is the number of the carbon atom to which the oxygen atom is bonded. If the oxygen is bonded to the middle carbon, the locant is 3. If the oxygen is bonded to an atom on either side (adjacent to an end carbon), the locant is 2 or 4; given the choice here, where the carbons are exactly equivalent, the lower number is always chosen. So the locant is either 2 or 3 in this molecule.

The locant is incorporated into the name of the molecule to remove ambiguity. Thus the molecule is named either pentan-2-one or pentan-3-one, depending on the position of the oxygen atom.

Any side chains can be present in the place of oxygen and it can be defined as simply the number on the carbon to which any thing other than a hydrogen is attached.

Greek letter locants
Another common system uses Greek letter prefixes as locants, which is useful in identifying the relative location of carbon atoms as well as hydrogen atoms to other functional groups.

The α-carbon (alpha-carbon) refers to the first carbon atom that attaches to a functional group, such as a carbonyl. The second carbon atom is called the β-carbon (beta-carbon), the third is the γ-carbon (gamma-carbon), and the naming system continues in alphabetical order.

The nomenclature can also be applied to the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms. A hydrogen atom attached to an α-carbon is called an α-hydrogen, a hydrogen atom on the β-carbon is a β-hydrogen, and so on.

Organic molecules with more than one functional group can be a source of confusion. Generally the functional group responsible for the name or type of the molecule is the 'reference' group for purposes of carbon-atom naming. For example, the molecules nitrostyrene and phenethylamine are quite similar; the former can even be reduced into the latter. However, nitrostyrene's α-carbon atom is adjacent to the phenyl group; in phenethylamine this same carbon atom is the β-carbon atom, as phenethylamine (being an amine rather than a styrene) counts its atoms from the opposite "end" of the molecule.

Proteins and amino acids
In proteins and amino acids, the α-carbon is the backbone carbon before the carbonyl carbon atom in the molecule. Therefore, reading along the backbone of a typical protein would give a sequence of –[N—Cα—carbonyl C]n– etc. (when reading in the N to C direction). The α-carbon is where the different substituents attach to each different amino acid. That is, the groups hanging off the chain at the α-carbon are what give amino acids their diversity. These groups give the α-carbon its stereogenic properties for every amino acid except for glycine. Therefore, the α-carbon is a stereocenter for every amino acid except glycine. Glycine also does not have a β-carbon, while every other amino acid does.

The α-carbon of an amino acid is significant in protein folding. When describing a protein, which is a chain of amino acids, one often approximates the location of each amino acid as the location of its α-carbon. In general, α-carbons of adjacent amino acids in a protein are about 3.8 ångströms (380 picometers) apart.

Enols and enolates
The α-carbon is important for enol- and enolate-based carbonyl chemistry as well. Chemical transformations affected by the conversion to either an enolate or an enol, in general, lead to the α-carbon acting as a nucleophile, becoming, for example, alkylated in the presence of primary haloalkane. An exception is in reaction with silyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides, where the oxygen acts as the nucleophile to produce silyl enol ether.

title: Locant


text:
NWB

NWB is an acronym which can stand for:

 * National Westminster Bank, a retail banking subsidiary of NatWest Group
 * Nederlandse Waterschapsbank, NWB Bank, the Netherlands water boards bank
 * Nederlandse Waterski Bond, the Dutch WaterSki Association
 * Non Weight Bearing, where the patient may not touch the ground after surgery
 * North Wembley station, London, National Rail station code
 * Nuclear whipping boy, the designation of the town of Springfield in The Simpsons

title: NWB


text:
Talk:Cathleen Synge Morawetz

from Vfd
On 18 Feb 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. See Votes for deletion/Cathleen Synge Morawetz for a record of the discussion.

title: Talk:Cathleen Synge Morawetz


text:
DWA

DWA may refer to:

 * Companies and organisations

 * Digital Watermarking Alliance
 * DreamWorks Animation
 * Dutch Waterski Association
 * Dallas World Aquarium
 * Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall e.V.
 * DWA in Germany

 * Other
 * A dwa is a stool of the Ashantis.
 * Disk wars avengers
 * Doctor Who Adventures, a children's magazine based on the BBC TV series Doctor Who
 * Data Warehouse Automation, acceleration and automation of data warehouse development cycles
 * Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976- UK legislation controlling ownership of dangerous animals
 * Designated Waiting Area
 * Domino Web Access (IBM Lotus)
 * Drinking water advisories
 * Dynamic window approach, a real-time collision avoidance strategy
 * Humid continental climate with monsoonal influences (hot, humid, rainy summers and cold, dry winters) according to the Köppen climate classification

title: DWA


text:
Thomas F. Torrance

Thomas Forsyth Torrance (30 August 1913 – 2 December 2007), commonly referred to as T. F. Torrance, was a Scottish Protestant theologian and Presbyterian minister. He was a member of the famed Torrance family of theologians. Torrance served for 27 years as professor of Christian dogmatics at New College, in the University of Edinburgh. He is best known for his pioneering work in the study of science and theology, but he is equally respected for his work in systematic theology.

In addition to writing many of his own books and articles, he also edited the translation of several hundred theological writings into English, including the thirteen-volume, six-million-word Church Dogmatics of Swiss theologian Karl Barth, as well as John Calvin's New Testament Commentaries.

Torrance has been acknowledged as one of the most significant English-speaking theologians of the 20th century. In 1978, he received the Templeton Foundation Prize for Progress in Religion. Torrance remained a dedicated churchman throughout his life, serving as an ordained minister in the Church of Scotland. He was instrumental in the development of the historic agreement between the World Alliance of Reformed Churches and the Eastern Orthodox Church churches on the doctrine of the Trinity, who released a joint statement of agreement on 13 March 1991.

After retiring from the University of Edinburgh in 1979, he continued to lecture and to publish extensively, including several influential books on the Trinity: The Trinitarian Faith: The Evangelical Theology of the Ancient Catholic Church (1988); Trinitarian Perspectives: Toward Doctrinal Agreement (1994); and The Christian Doctrine of God, One Being Three Persons (1996).

Education and academic career
Thomas Forsyth Torrance was the son of the Revd Thomas Torrance (1871–1959) and Annie Elizabeth Torrance (1883–1981), both Scottish missionaries of China Inland Mission in Chengdu, Sichuan, West China, where he spent the first 13 years of his life. He was named after his great-grandfather, also Thomas Forsyth Torrance.

He began studying in Edinburgh in 1931, focusing on classics and philosophy. At that time his own realist views of philosophy, theology and morality started to take shape. He moved to the study of theology at the Faculty of Divinity (New College) in 1934, and began to question the theological methodology of Schleiermacher for its lack of realist scientific objectivity.

For Torrance, such objectivity meant that theological concepts must be shaped by the unique nature of the object of reflection. In this regard, theology differed from science only in the object being reflected; while science reflects the world, theology reflects the Creator of the world — who was no distant God, but became incarnate within time and space to reconcile the world to himself. Therefore Torrance opposed every form of dualism, because it kept God from interacting with people throughout history. He also opposed subjectivism because he held that it was impossible for people to know God objectively by reflecting upon themselves. Torrance was strongly influenced by Hugh Ross Mackintosh, who stressed the centrality of Christ and the connection between theology and mission; and by Daniel Lamont, who stressed the relationship between Christianity and scientific culture.

Torrance was awarded the Blackie Fellowship in 1936 to study in the Middle East. In Basra, he was accused of being a spy and sentenced to death. However, he was able to convince the authorities that he was a theological student and was allowed to proceed to Baghdad and then Syria. He eventually returned to Scotland and graduated summa cum laude, specialising in systematic theology.

He taught at Auburn Theological Seminary from 1938 to 1939. He was offered a position in religion at Princeton University, which he rejected in order to return home to Scotland before the start of World War II.

From 1939 to 1940, Torrance studied at Oriel College, Oxford, and he was ordained as a minister on 20 March 1940. During the war, he provided pastoral and practical support to Scottish soldiers in North Africa and northern Italy. On more than one occasion, he escaped with his life after coming under fire. After the war, he returned to his parish in Alyth and later became minister at Beechgrove Church in Aberdeen, following in the footsteps of his Hugh Ross Mackintosh, his former professor.

He married Margaret Edith Spear on 2 October 1946 at Combe Down Parish Church near Bath. His children include Thomas Spear Torrance (3 July 1947, now an economist and philosopher of science at Heroit-Watt), Iain Richard Torrance (13 January 1949) and Alison Meta Elizabeth Torrance (15 April 1951, now a general practitioner in Edinburgh).

Also in 1946, he completed his doctorate with Karl Barth in Basel and graduated magna cum laude. His dissertation was titled "The Doctrine of Grace in the Apostolic Fathers". In 1948, he was the founding editor of the peer-reviewed journal the Scottish Journal of Theology, which his son Iain continues to edit along with Bryan Spinks of Yale.

Ecumenism
As a Reformed churchman and theologian, Torrance worked throughout his career for ecumenical harmony with Anglicans, Lutherans, Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholics.

He represented the Church of Scotland in conversations with the Church of England from 1949 to 1951, and fought tirelessly for the visible union of the Church; From 1954 to 1962, he was the Convener of the Church of Scotland Commission on Baptism (with John Heron, the father of Alasdair Heron, acting as secretary), and in 1954 he was present at the World Council of Churches meeting in Evanston, Illinois.

Torrance' ecumenical work with the Eastern Orthodox Church was recognised in 1973 when the Archbishop of Axum made him an honorary protopresbyter in the Patriarchate of Alexandria. He served on the Reformed–Roman Catholic Study Commission on the Eucharist which met at Woudschoten in the Netherlands in 1974. At that time, he formed a personal relationship with the Roman Catholic cardinal and renowned ecumenist Yves Congar.

Torrance believed that Karl Rahner's work on the Trinity offered an opportunity for genuine ecumenical convergence between East and West, and between Catholics and Evangelicals. He led a colloquy in Switzerland to discuss Rehner's work in March 1975. He also made significant contributions to Reformed and Roman Catholic discussions of Justification by Faith and by Grace, and there is also much in Torrance's writing that could form the basis for fraternal dialogue between Christians and Jews.

From 1976 to 1977, Torrance served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (as did his son Iain from 2003 to 2004). He received an honorary doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1983.

Dogmatic theology
One of the reasons that Torrance's theology is now becoming the focus for many doctoral students is that his was a profoundly Christ-centred theology that was in no way Christomonist (one that reduced all theology to Christology), but instead integrated all Christian doctrine in such a way as to offer sensible and compelling explanations of the Christian faith. This integration of doctrine began for Torrance with the Nicene homoousion (the idea that the eternal Son was and is one in being with the Father and Spirit in eternity and with us by virtue of the incarnation), and included the doctrines of the Trinity, Creation, Incarnation, Atonement, Eschatology, Pneumatology, the church and the sacraments as well as a theology of ordained ministry.

Interpreting each of these doctrines from within the perspective of an ecumenically open doctrine of the Trinity, with which most Roman Catholic and Orthodox theologians would substantially agree, Torrance forged an understanding of Justification by Grace that demonstrated exactly how and why Christ, in his uniqueness as God become man acting from within the human situation marked by sin and evil, overcame sin, suffering, evil and death once and for all both from the divine and the human side. This enabled Torrance to offer a theology that was at once full of depth and meaning and yet joyful and hopeful because he knew that Jesus was no mere moral example of the good life, but God himself who suffered the God-forsakenness associated with human enmity against God on the cross out of unconditional love for humanity, and did so effectively precisely because he was the Word of God incarnate.

He once said that if Jesus was just a man dying on a cross, then Christianity would be immoral, offering a picture of a vindictive God along with the image of a pagan human attempt to appease God through human sacrifice—a form of self-justification. But put God on the cross and the whole picture changes because then the depth of God's costly love could be seen to include the fact that God was not aloof from human suffering but willing himself to experience this suffering in his own Son in order to overcome all that threatens true human existence in fellowship with God. All of this was accomplished and demonstrated in Christ's resurrection and continues to be lived as part of the new creation in the Church, as the community is united through faith and hope with the ascended and advent Lord by the Holy Spirit, through partaking of the Sacraments and through preaching and teaching the Gospel.

Theology and science
Torrance was awarded the Templeton Foundation Prize for Progress in Religion in 1978. His contributions to the dialogue between science and theology led Alister McGrath to observe that many of those theologians he studied were unfazed by their lack of experience with the method and norms of natural science, but wrote about science nonetheless. In contrast, "Torrance’s writings were, quite simply, of landmark significance." P. Mark Achtemeier describes Torrance's work in this area as "magisterial and highly original." Christopher Kaiser noted that if Einstein was the person of the century from the perspective of the secular media, then Torrance would qualify as the theologian of the century from the perspective of people who are science-minded.

In his groundbreaking book Theological Science, Torrance argued that theology and natural science hold in common the same need to understand reality by pointing beyond the subjectivity that distorts objective reality. Theology and science should then be seen as "allies in a common front where each faces the same insidious enemy, namely, man himself assuming the role of Creator ..." (Torrance, Theological Science, xiii). He contended that, so long as the dialogue is conceived to be between science and religion, "we shall not escape from romantic naturalism." Instead, he insisted that the focus should be on the dialogue between science and theology, and thus between the "philosophy of natural science" and the "philosophy of theological science", because these two methods have in common the "struggle for scientific method on their proper ground and their own distinctive fields" (Torrance, Theological Science, xiii).

Torrance did a great deal to foster this discussion in his books Space, Time and Incarnation and Space, Time and Resurrection where he showed the connections between the two sciences by allowing theology to understand what it means to think of God acting in new and distinctive ways within created time and space, while respecting the distinctive nature of creation itself in its fallen and reconciled condition.

Torrance famously argued for a non-dualist and non-monist view of theology and science in the school of the renowned physicist and theologian John Philoponos (490-570) whose thinking stood in stark contrast to Aristotelian and Neoplatonic thinking which Torrance believed was harmful both to science and to theology. Such thinking led to ideas of God as an unmoved mover, and thus one who was not a living God capable of acting within creation without being conditioned by creation or limited by it.

Torrance approved of Einstein, Maxwell and Polanyi in their attempts to hold together thought and reality, experience and ideas, instead of tearing them apart and believed that theologians could learn from this. Such unitary thinking in science, Torrance believed, could help theologians overcome Kantian and Cartesian dualism. His theology demonstrates exactly how he thought this should be done, especially as this relates to interpreting Scripture. When form and being are separated, as they are when our ideas are separated from objective reality, then it becomes impossible to know Jesus as he is in himself; we only know Jesus as he appeared to be to his followers and this leaves the door open to the idea that Jesus could be created and re-created according to people's faith. This was especially problematic with respect to the risen Lord. When the cord is cut between idea and reality, then it is thought that the resurrection is only a mythological way of reflecting on the death of Jesus instead of as a description of a unique occurrence in his life history that enabled a true understanding of his person and work as recorded in the scriptures.

Implications of thought
Torrance's scientific theology could be especially helpful today in the debate over whether election constitutes God's triunity or whether the triune God eternally elects us without exhausting his being in his actions for us as Creator, Reconciler and Redeemer. Torrance's thinking, following Barth, clearly comes down against any idea that God's eternal being is constituted by his relations with us in history. And that is precisely one of the factors that makes his thinking so compelling to so many today.

More than any theologian of the twentieth century, Torrance had a lively sense of Christ's continued high-priestly mediation of humanity to the Father through the Holy Spirit. It is just this emphasis that enabled Torrance to take seriously the fact that there could be no created substitute for the man Jesus in his continued existence as the risen, ascended and advent Lord who, in his true humanity and true divinity, continues even now and until his second coming, to unite people humanly to himself as his body on earth (the Church) through faith and by grace. His is a biblically informed and patristically grounded theology that will serve the ecumenical church for many years to come just as the theology of Karl Barth, his mentor, continues to do.

Influence

 * The fact that there is a scholarly society, formed in 2004, the Thomas F. Torrance Theological Fellowship, with a mission to promote serious reflection on the Christian faith following Torrance's own approach to theology, is certainly testimony to the growing importance of his work and extraordinary contributions to the Christian Church and its theology.

 * Torrance's thinking has influenced a number of prominent twentieth-century theologians such as Colin E. Gunton (1941-2003), a leading theologian of the Trinity in Great Britain.

 * Torrance's thinking about the theology of nature has influenced Alister McGrath's approach to the subject of natural theology.

 * Torrance influenced the thinking of some of today's leading Systematic Theologians in Great Britain and on the Continent such as Ivor Davidson of the University of St. Andrews, David A. S. Fergusson of the University of Edinburgh, Alasdair I. C. Heron of the University of Erlangen, Germany, Alan J. Torrance of the University of St. Andrews, Robert T. Walker of the University of Edinburgh and John B. Webster of the University of Aberdeen.

 * In the United States, Torrance influenced the theology of Ray S. Anderson (1925-2009), one of his former students, who taught in the area of Theology and Ministry for many years at Fuller Theological Seminary and learned from Torrance to understand theology as a practical science.

 * Torrance has influenced many other American and Canadian theologians too numerous to mention here. One indication of this influence is the fact that so many North Americans are engaged in research and doctoral study of Torrance's theology.  Also, Torrance's influence can be seen in the thinking of Matthew Baker of Fordham University; Elmer Colyer of the University of Dubuque Theological Seminary, one of the founding Directors of the T. F. Torrance Theological Fellowship and author of a number of works on Torrance; Gary Deddo, Senior Editor at InterVarsity Press and founding President of the T. F. Torrance Theological Fellowship and author of a number of works on Torrance; George Dion Dragas, Professor of Patrology and Patristics, Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology, Brookline, Massachusetts; Eric Flett of Eastern University, St. David's, Pennsylvania and author of a book on the Theology of Culture as understood through the thinking of Torrance; Michael Gibson of Vanderbilt University; Myk Habets of Carey Baptist College, Auckland, New Zealand, author of a number of works on Torrance, including a book on Torrance and Theosis; George Hunsinger, Hazel Thompson McCord Professor of Systematic Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary and author of a number of works on Torrance as well as an important book on the Eucharist, influenced by Torrance; Christian Kettler of Friends University, Kansas, the current President of the Thomas F. Torrance Theological Fellowship and author of a number of books that demonstrate Torrance's influence; Paul D. Molnar, professor of Systematic Theology at St. John's University in Queens, New York, past President of the Thomas F. Torrance Theological Fellowship and author of a number of works on Torrance including a book on Torrance's trinitarian theology; Andrew Purves, chair in reformed theology at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary; and Joel Scandrett, director of the Robert E. Webber Center at Trinity School for Ministry in Ambridge, Pennsylvania.

Major works

 * The Doctrine of Grace in the Apostolic Fathers. Edinburgh:  Oliver & Boyd, 1948
 * Calvin’s Doctrine of Man. London: Lutterworth Press, 1949.
 * Kingdom and Church: A Study in the Theology of the Reformation, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1956.
 * Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics I/2 The Doctrine of the Word of God.  Prolegomena, Part 2, translated by G.T. Thomson and H. Knight.  Edinburgh:  T&T Clark, 1956.
 * Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics IV/1 The Doctrine of Reconciliation, Part I, translated by G.W. Bromiley.  Edinburgh:  T&T Clark, 1956.
 * When Christ Comes and Comes Again. London:  Hodder & Stoughton, 1957.
 * Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics II/1, The Doctrine of God, translated by T.H.L. Parker, W.B. Johnston, H. Knight and J.L.M. Haire.  Edinburgh:  T&T Clark, 1957.
 * Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics II/2, The Doctrine of God, translated by G.W. Bromiley, J.C. Campbell, I. Wilson, J. Strathern McNab, H. Knight and R.A. Stewart.  Edinburgh:  T&T Clark, 1957.
 * Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics III/1, The Doctrine of Creation, Part 1, translated by J.W. Edwards, O. Bussey and H. Knight.  Edinburgh:  T&T Clark, 1958.
 * Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics IV/2, Part 2, The Doctrine of Reconciliation, translated by G.W. Bromiley.  Edinburgh:  T&T Clark, 1958.
 * Editor, "The Mystery of the Lord's Supper: Sermons by Robert Bruce", Edinburgh: Rutherford House, 1958.
 * The Apocalypse Today. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1959.
 * Conflict and Agreement in the Church, I: Order and Disorder. London: Lutterworth Press, 1959.
 * Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics III/2.  The Doctrine of Creation, Part 2, Translated by H. Knight, J.K.S. Reid, G.W. Bromiley and R.H. Fuller.  Edinburgh, T&T Clark, 1960.
 * Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics III/3. The Doctrine of Creation, Part 3, Translated by G.W. Bromiley and R. Ehrlich.  Edinburgh, T&T Clark, 1960.
 * "Justification: Its Radical Nature and Place in Reformed Doctrine and Life," SJT 13 (1960) 240.
 * Conflict and Agreement in the Church, II: The Ministry and Sacraments of the Gospel. London: Lutterworth Press, 1960.
 * Karl Barth: an Introduction to his Early Theology, 1910-1931. London: SCM Press; New York: Harper & Row, 1962.
 * "Scientific Hermeneutics according to St. Thomas Aquinas." The Journal of Theological Studies XIII.2 (October, 1962): 259–89.
 * Coedited with D.W. Torrance, Calvin's Commentaries, The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians, translated by T.A. Smail. Edinburgh:  Oliver & Boyd; Grand Rapids, MI:  Eerdmans, 1964.
 * Theology in Reconstruction. London: SCM Press Ltd, 1965.
 * Coedited with D.W. Torrance, Calvin's Commentaries, The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians and Colossians, translated by T.H.L Parker. Edinburgh:  Oliver & Boyd; Grand Rapids, MI:  Eerdmans, 1965.
 * Coedited with D.W. Torrance, Calvin's Commentaries, The Acts of the Apostles 14-26, translated by J.W. Fraser. Edinburgh:  Oliver & Boyd; Grand Rapids, MI:  Eerdmans, 1966.
 * Coedited with D.W. Torrance, Calvin's Commentaries, A Harmony of the Gospels: Matthew, Mark and Luke, 3 vols.  Vols 1 and 3 translated by A.W. Morrison and vol. 2 translated by T.H.L. Parker.  Edinburgh:  Saint Andrew Press, 1972; Grand Rapids, MI:  Eerdmans, 1968.
 * Space, Time and Incarnation. London:  Oxford University Press, 1969
 * Theological Science. London: Oxford University Press, 1969.
 * "The Problem of Natural Theology in the Thought of Karl Barth." Religious Studies 6 (1970): 121–35.
 * God and Rationality. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.
 * "The Relation of the Incarnation to Space in Nicene Theology," The Ecumenical World of Orthodox Civilization: Russia and Orthodoxy. vol. 3. (Essays in Honor of Georges Florovsky) ed. Andrew Blane. Paris: Mouton, 1974.
 * Theology in Reconciliation: Essays towards Evangelical and Catholic Unity in East and West. London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1975.
 * "Toward Ecumenical Consensus on the Trinity," Theologische Zeitschrift 31 (1975) 337–50.
 * Space, Time and Resurrection. Edinburgh: Handsel Press, 1976
 * The Ground and Grammar of Theology. Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia, 1980.
 * Christian Theology and Scientific Culture, vol. 1 of series, Theology and Scientific Culture, edited with general foreword by Torrance. New Edition.  Belfast:  Christian Journals; New York:  Oxford University Press, 1981
 * Divine and Contingent Order. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.
 * The Incarnation: Ecumenical Studies in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed. Edinburgh: The Handsel Press, 1981.
 * Reality and Evangelical Theology. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1982.
 * A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, James Clerk Maxwell, edited by Torrance, Scottish Academic Press, February 1983, ISBN 0-7073-0324-9
 * "The Deposit of Faith." The Scottish Journal of Theology 36.1 (1983): 1-28.
 * Transformation & Convergence in the Frame of Knowledge: Explorations in the Interrelations of Scientific and Theological Enterprise. Belfast:  Christian Journals; Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1984.
 * The Christian Frame of Mind. Edinburgh:  Handsel Press, 1985
 * Reality and Scientific Theology. The Margaret Harris Lectures, Dundee, 1970 (Theology and Science at the Frontiers of Knowledge, vol 1). Edinburgh:  Scottish University Press, 1985
 * "My Interaction with Karl Barth." In How Karl Barth Changed My Mind, edited by Donald K. McKim, 52–64.  Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1986.
 * "Karl Barth and Patristic Theology," in Theology Beyond Christendom: Essays on the Centenary of the Birth of Karl Barth May 10, 1986. ed. John Thompson. Allison Park, PA: Pickwich, 1986, 215–39.
 * "Theological Realism." In The Philosophical Frontiers of Christian Theology: Essays Presented to D. M. MacKinnon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, 169–96.
 * The Hermeneutics of John Calvin. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1988.
 * The Trinitarian Faith: The Evangelical Theology of the Ancient Catholic Church. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1988.
 * Karl Barth, Biblical and Evangelical Theologian. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1990.
 * The Mediation of Christ. Colorado Springs: Helmers & Howard, 1992.
 * Royal Priesthood: A Theology of Ordained Ministry. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1993.
 * Ed. Theological Dialogue Between Orthodox and Reformed Churches, 2 Vols. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1985–1993.
 * Trinitarian Perspectives: Toward Doctrinal Agreement. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1994.
 * Preaching Christ Today: The Gospel and Scientific Thinking.  Grand Rapids, MI:  Eerdmans, 1994.
 * Divine Meaning: Studies in Patristic Hermeneutics. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1995.
 * "The Uniqueness of Divine Revelation and the Authority of the Scriptures: The Creed Associations's Statement." Scottish Bulletin of Evangelical Theology 13 (Aut. 1995): 97-101.
 * The Christian Doctrine of God, One Being Three Persons. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1996.
 * Kingdom and Church: A Study in the Theology of the Reformation. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock, 1996.
 * Scottish Theology: From John Knox to John McLeod Campbell. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1996.
 * Theological and Natural Science. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock, 2002.
 * The Doctrine of Jesus Christ. Eugene Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2002.
 * Incarnation: The Person and Life of Christ. Edited by Robert T. Walker.  Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 2008.
 * Atonement: The Person and Work of Christ. Edited by Robert T. Walker.  Downers Grove, Illinois:  InterVarsity Press, 2009.

title: Thomas F. Torrance


text:
Talk:Jane Margaret O'Brien

Untitled
This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Jane Margaret O'Brien. The consensus was to merge it. dbenbenn | talk 15:04, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Photos are needed
Due to Wikipedia policy changes, photos of are needed of her that have no copyright (or re-use) restrictions whatsoever.

When uploading his photos. please include a description with her name, or no one will be able to do a search for it.

Upload here-- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard

Many thanks! :-)
 * Cliffswallow-vaulting (talk) 03:02, 7 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jane Margaret O'Brien


text:
Spinach (moth)

The spinach (Eulithis mellinata) is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1787. It is found throughout much of the Palearctic region and the Near East though its distribution is rather local due to its specialized larval food plant. In the British Isles it is fairly common in England and Wales but much rarer in Scotland and Ireland.

Its wingspan is 33–38 mm. The forewings are yellow marked with brown fascia and apical streak with brown chequering on the fringe. The hindwings are plain cream but are rarely seen as the species usually rests in a very distinctive and characteristic way with the forewings held out at 90° to the body with the hindwings hidden behind them. Some other members of the genus such as the northern spinach and barred straw rest in a similar way. The species flies at night from June to August and is attracted to light.

The larva is green with white lines and feeds exclusively on currants. The species overwinters as an egg.

 * 1) The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.

title: Spinach (moth)