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Marlo and the Magic Movie Machine

Marlo and the Magic Movie Machine is a 1977-1980 children's television show originating from WFSB-TV in Hartford. The storyline involved Marlo Higgins (Laurie Faso) who is a mustachioed and frizzy-haired computer programming genius working for the L. Dullo computer company. He was banished to the "sub-sub-basement" by his boss, Leo Dullo. By day Marlo works for L. Dullo. At night he builds, programs, and interacts with his Magic Movie Machine (Mert Koplin, voice) built using L. Dullo hardware. The waveform from a real-time audio oscilloscope was displayed on the Magic Movie Machine's screen whenever it talked and it played short clips. The two (man and computer) traded tips and quips.

Marlo sat at a console with a slight resemblance to master control consoles of the time. He would call up the various film clips featured on the show by entering codes using a numeric keypad with round, yellow number buttons and pressing an orange rectangular Start button to start the selected film. In earlier episodes, a split-flap display mounted on the console showed the code entered on the keypad. In later episodes, this was changed to an LED display, and the buttons were made to sound like the DTMF tones made by a touch-tone telephone as Marlo pressed them. Most of the time, Marlo used a small keypad consisting of two columns of buttons flanking a CRT, located in front of him when he was sitting at the console of the Magic Movie Machine. However, a similar but larger keypad located on the wall was sometimes used (see below).

Segments
Regularly featured segments, conceived and written by Producer/Story Editor Charles Grinker, included:

 * The Pre-fame Game: Marlo always used the code '5060' to call up this film. Baby pictures of famous people would be shown and the audience would be given a chance to guess who the celebrity's identity before a more current picture was revealed.
 * The Birthday Game: A date would be chosen, possibly from letters sent in by fans having that birthday. Marlo would enter this month and day on the keypad.  A film featuring famous people who shared that birthday would be shown.
 * What do you see from A to Z: The code for this feature was '456.' A letter of the alphabet would be chosen, and film clips of things beginning with that letter would be shown.  The clip would begin shown completely covered up, and gradually uncovered until it is completely revealed after 10 seconds.  Presumably, the audience would try to identify what is being shown as quickly as possible.
 * What do you see from A to Z Hidden Word Game: The code was '5460.' Similar to above, except that each word would begin with a different letter, and after the picture is uncovered, its initial letter would be placed in a blank in a final word.  At the end of the segment, the final word would be completely filled in.
 * Magic Year, Magic Month, and Magic Day: Using a chosen date or year as the code and utilizing a special keypad added in a later season to enter months, Marlo and the machine would feature events in history occurring on a particular day (the same day in different years) or in a particular month or year.
 * Knock-knock Jokes: Marlo would use the larger keypad to enter the code '0000' to call up this film. A character on-screen would begin by saying "knock-knock," Marlo would answer "Who's there?" and a knock-knock joke would be told.
 * Riddles: In a later season, the knock-knock jokes were replaced by riddles, which Marlo would call up, again using the bigger keypad, by pressing '2222.'

Production information

 * Executive producer: Sanford Fisher
 * Producer and Story Editor: Charles Grinker
 * Taped at: WFSB-TV in Hartford
 * Aired from 1977 (60 minutes), 1978-1980 (30 minutes), Saturday afternoons
 * Channel: CBS/Syndicated
 * Production company: Corporation for Education and Learning (who leveraged their enormous archive of footage)
 * Music: Score Productions, Inc.

title: Marlo and the Magic Movie Machine


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Conrad Haas

Conrad Haas (1509–1576) was an Austrian or Transylvanian Saxon military engineer. He was a pioneer of rocket propulsion. His designs include a three-stage rocket and a manned rocket.

Haas was possibly born in Dornbach (now part of Hernals, Vienna). He held the post of the Zeugwart (arsenal master) of the Imperial Habsburg army under Ferdinand I. In 1551, Stephen Báthory, the grand prince of Transylvania invited Haas to Nagyszeben (Hermannstadt), Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (now Sibiu, Romania), where he acted as weapons engineer and also he started to teach at Klausenburg (now Cluj-Napoca).

He wrote a German-language treatise on rocket technology, involving the combination of fireworks and weapons technologies. This manuscript was discovered in 1961, in the Sibiu public records (Sibiu public records Varia II 374). His work also dealt with the theory of motion of multi-stage rockets, different fuel mixtures using liquid fuel, and introduced delta-shape fins and bell-shaped nozzles.

In the last paragraph of his chapter on the military use of rockets, he wrote (translated): "'But my advice is for more peace and no war, leaving the rifles calmly in storage, so the bullet is not fired, the gunpowder is not burned or wet, so the prince keeps his money, the arsenal master his life; that is the advice Conrad Haas gives.'"

Johann Schmidlap, a German fireworks maker, is believed to have experimented with staging in 1590, using a design he called "step rockets." Before the discovery of Haas' manuscript, the first description of the three-stage rocket was credited to the artillery specialist Casimir Siemienowicz, from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, in his 1650 work, Artis Magnae Artilleriae Pars Prima ("Great Art of Artillery, Part One").

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Conrad Haas


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Herman's Head

Herman's Head is an American sitcom that aired on the Fox network from September 8, 1991, until April 21, 1994. The series was created by Andy Guerdat and Steve Kreinberg, and produced by Witt/Thomas Productions in association with Touchstone Television. William Ragsdale stars as the title character, Herman Brooks. Herman's thought processes are dramatized in a "Greek chorus"-style interpretation, with four characters representing different aspects of his personality (played by Molly Hagan, Ken Hudson Campbell, Rick Lawless and Peter Mackenzie).

Synopsis
Research assistant Herman Brooks (William Ragsdale) works in the fact-checking department of a major magazine publisher, Waterton Publishing, in Manhattan. Herman, from all outward appearances, embodies the young man on the fast track—ambitious, clever and sensible—but viewers are shown that a struggle of contrasting personality traits are constantly working, and most often arguing, inside his head. His decisions and actions are dramatized with a "Greek chorus"-style interpretation of his thought processes.

The series begins with Herman as mild-mannered, giving in to every passing sexual desire, bedding a lot of women and not being above bending the truth about his life or career status in order to impress women. He makes attempts to settle down every once in a while, which he does not find hard due to his overall willingness to turn a strictly physical connection into love. However, despite his romantic rapport with women, he sometimes loses them over comical misunderstandings that are often never resolved. These usually occur as a result of Herman's boyish innocence getting him into trouble. During the next couple of seasons, Herman evolves into a more edgy character, more apt to developing outlandish schemes in an attempt to further his career as well as with women, and he becomes more opinionated in situations where previously, he would have conformed to rules, or have been a sycophant.

The psyche
The four characters acting out Herman's emotions each represent a different aspect of his personality, or psyche. As they were intended to be one-dimensional, they often lack in other areas of their character, which leads to frequent squabbles. The characters act in unison when Herman's body is affected, such as having to sneeze, or crying out in pain after being punched in the stomach. They also team up and form factions.

 * "Angel" (Molly Hagan) represents his sensitivity. As the only female character in his brain, Angel also represents his feminine side, and sometimes uses this fact to manipulate the male characters. She also clashes with Animal about how to treat women because while she wants to treat them with sensitivity and kindness, Animal just wants to have sex.
 * "Animal" (Ken Hudson Campbell) represents his basic drives of lust and hunger. He is a caricature of fraternities and sororities. In one episode, when Herman's personalities are assessing a sleazy man (Campbell in a dual role) dating Louise, Animal sticks up for him, because this man looks and acts exactly like him.
 * "Wimp" (Rick Lawless) represents Herman's anxiety. He is a paranoid hypochondriac, and since he always expects the worst, he is often the best prepared to handle crises when the others can not decide.
 * "Genius" (Peter Mackenzie) represents his intellect and logic and often clashes with Angel's naïveté and Animal's stupidity. At times he can get overworked; as in one episode where Herman makes a ridiculous decision, Genius's face is blackened by soot and he exclaims "I think I blew a fuse."
 * "Jealousy" (Bobcat Goldthwait) only appears once, when Herman and his sister find themselves in competition for a job. He causes so much confusion and chaos that the original four selves throw him out of the door, followed by a hand grenade.
 * "God" (Leslie Nielsen) was a guest star in an episode when Herman had a fling with a married woman which both had come to regret. God's appearance to the four was also due to the fact that Herman's uncle was undergoing major surgery and his entire family had been praying over it, save for Herman. When Genius protests that "You are not God, you are Leslie Nielsen", God says that everyone has their own idea of His personal appearance, and "You, Herman, chose to portray me as Leslie Nielsen".

Herman's "head" characters exist in a large attic room filled with toys, a lit Christmas tree, a rose-covered bower, theater seats, neon signs, arcade games, pennants and memorabilia from Ohio State University, old furniture, and numerous file cabinets (with labels like "memories", "fantasies" and "sexual past"). They watch "films" of past events and enact possible scenarios for what might happen in Herman's various life situations, occasionally venturing into Hammer Films movie territory or (in the case of Animal) pornographic films.

Friends, co-workers, and bosses
Much of the show's action is situated at the Waterton research department, where personal situations (ranging from old friends from the past, various dates, sexual liaisons, and the like) seem to cross professional ones for Herman on a daily basis. Herman also has a studio apartment located downtown, which, in a first-season episode, is indicated as being a somewhat lengthy subway ride from the Waterton offices. The only other recurring setting is MacAnally's, a restaurant and pub, which presumably is located between Herman's residence and the Waterton offices. It attracts a rather upscale clientele, and it most often sets the stage for Herman's and the other characters' romantic pursuits. The regular real-life characters are as follows:

 * Jay Nichols (Hank Azaria) is Herman's best friend, a resident writer for Waterton who works upstairs. Prior to the timeline of the series, he had helped Herman land a job as a fact checker in the research department. A smooth-talking ladies' man, Jay often is more gutsy when it comes to pursuing women, and typically, is subject to periodic rejection from women who do not tolerate his machismo and clichéd pick-up lines. He is often looked to by Herman as a level of confidence to aspire to, while Jay eventually ponders how Herman's more cautious, "nice guy" persona could work to his advantage. He has also made Herman feel insecure at times because of his position in the company being higher than Herman's. A frequent visitor to the research department, Jay always drops in to have spirited conversation with his best buddy, whom he always calls "Hermo", "The Hermster", or some variation thereof. Originally, Jay is exclusively seen chasing after flashy, status-conscious women, most notably Heddy Newman, who continually turns him down and gives him very little acknowledgement during his visits to the research department. He was engaged to a woman he was hopelessly in love with, but she left him at the altar—which nearly destroyed him. And so he now regards relationships with women as just for sex. His ex-fiancée returns and he falls back in love with her. He prepares to leave all of New York to go away with her, but she abandons him again. Jay pretends he left her this time, but Herman pretends he does not know that she left him. By the third season, Herman fixes up Jay with Louise Fitzer, and the two become an item. They begin to fall in love with each other.
 * Heddy Newman (Jane Sibbett) is a fact checker in the research department who works alongside Herman. She is an ice princess obsessed with financial and social status, and is inclined to step on anyone she can in order to get ahead. She most often attempts to manipulate Herman, whom she sees as an easy target due to his mild-mannered disposition and honest work ethic. Heddy's most common ploy is to blame her often chafing work effort on Herman, especially when it would come to the attention of her boss, Paul Bracken. Her aggressive nature sometimes leads her over the edge, as when she deliberately steals a speech that was to be read at a party celebrating Mr. Bracken's 20th anniversary at Waterton, which Herman had written for himself. She claimed the speech as her own after Herman had too much alcohol to drink (in an effort to combat his nervousness), forcing him to make a drunken display at the party which nearly gets him fired. Heddy somehow loses to Herman in the end each time, and does receive discipline from Mr. Bracken, but being a TV show, she always remains in her job. She often blames her being passed over at work on "being a woman in a man's world"—but this is obviously just an excuse. Over time, Heddy and Herman gain a better understanding of each other's personalities and lives, and move toward becoming allies. Heddy moves into Herman's apartment building in the third season, and shortly thereafter, the two actually admit to romantic feelings, and begin to date. Keeping true to her character, however, Heddy soon breaks up with Herman, citing that his financial prospects are not up to her standards. Herman falls out of love with her immediately.
 * Louise Fitzer (Yeardley Smith) is the diminutive, devoted secretary to research department head Paul Bracken. She is honest, diligent and sweet, but alternates these qualities often with a large dose of sardonicism. Her dedication to service and accuracy is matched with Mr. Bracken, so much that she is able to recite random, encyclopedic facts in quick succession, without taking a breath, when Mr. Bracken requests them on the fly. Louise is often the more innocent force in the office, compared to the rapid-fire interaction between Herman, Heddy and Jay. She is arguably the most sound source of advice for Herman in the physical world, aside from the reasoning that Angel, Animal, Wimp and Genius do in his brain. Louise also shows sympathy for Herman whenever he plays office politics with Heddy, or occasionally, with Mr. Bracken. She is portrayed as having low self-esteem, which has led to a stagnant dating life, and gets comfort from Herman in this regard. Louise eventually finds herself attracted to Jay, who indeed returns the feelings, and with Herman's urging, the two agree to a date. This culminates in an on-again, off-again relationship between the two.
 * Mr. Paul Bracken (Jason Bernard) is the head of research at Waterton Publishing. A strict, but fair man who, in the first season, is celebrating twenty years with the company, Mr. Bracken often has forfeited vacation time and attention to his wife in order to fully serve in his job. Mr. Bracken puts on a gruff, hard-nosed facade and takes great pride in throwing around his weight, but can soften up and offer praise when it is due, especially to Herman, who is more than likely the hardest working fact checker in the department. In fact, Mr. Bracken is so partial to Herman that he saves him from getting fired, by telling company executive Mr. Crawford and other chairmen that he has never known Herman to be a heavy drinker, after Herman's erratic behavior at his anniversary party. Conversely, Mr. Bracken is all too knowing of Heddy's behavior, and swifty rebuffs her kissing up to him, as well as all the lies she tells about her work progress. Bracken also suffers a heart attack early in the run, which convinces him to loosen up and, finally, pay more attention to his wife. His daughter Susan (played by Victoria Rowell) surfaces for two episodes in the second season, and turns out to be Herman's ex-girlfriend. Bracken also has a niece, Rene (played by Karen Malina White), who guest stars early in the third season, when Herman convinces her to audition for the role of a Fly Girl on In Living Color.
 * Mr. Crawford (Edward Winter) is the occasionally seen Waterton executive. His seemingly honorable persona always masks an unbelievable cluelessness, and more often, he is saying the wrong thing. Crawford, like Mr. Bracken, takes time to compliment Herman on his fine work, but despite doing so numerous times over the course of the series, can never remember Herman's name—calling him "Sherman." He eventually becomes an ally and father-figure to Herman. He is a rich eccentric, who comes across as completely insane.

Dave Madden provided voice-over narration of the show's concept during the first season's opening title sequence.

Development, reception and cancellation
The original working title for the series was It's All in Your Head, and the producers also attempted to use the title Inside Herman's Head. Creators Andy Guerdat and Steve Kreinberg had first worked for Witt/Thomas as writers on It's a Living; in the midst of this writing stint, Guerdat and Kreinberg additionally landed their first producing job, on the first-run syndication revival of 9 to 5. It was their experience in workplace comedy on 9 to 5 that led the two into situating Herman's Head largely in the same setting.

The show suffered from poor ratings and was canceled after three seasons.

In the final episode of the series, Herman is hit by a car and spends the episode lying in a hospital room near death. His coworkers speak of remembering Herman as they first met him, and we see each of the selves filling in for the emotion the friend first saw Herman displaying. Meanwhile, William Ragsdale appears as a head character, Herman's spirit. He announces his determination to keep the group alive, declaring "I'll be all that's left after Herman Brooks is gone." Animal immediately moans, "Oh my God, you're our student loan!"

Proposed storyline plans
When Herman's Head was still on the air, one of its writers was a regular contributor to an online BBS forum devoted to Fox shows. He had stated in the forum that if the series were to continue for a fourth season, that four new "head characters" were going to be added for Heddy, so that viewers could see the inner workings of her head. Thus, a new angle to the show would have been added, as it would have been finally understood what made Heddy tick, and had motivated her to be so haughty and manipulative. Her head activity would have run in tandem with Herman's. With Fox's cancellation of the series after season three, the exploration of "Heddy's head" was never introduced. The storyline addition was viewed to have made sense, as viewers predicted that Herman and Heddy were still destined to wind up together just as Jay and Louise had.

The Simpsons impact
Both Hank Azaria and Yeardley Smith are cast members of The Simpsons, which debuted on Fox two seasons earlier. One episode had Yeardley Smith's character, Louise, after hanging up the telephone, ask her colleague across the room, "Herman, I don't sound like that Lisa Simpson, do I?" A similar reference occurs when Mr. Bracken receives a complaint about one of the workers. The complainant didn't get the worker's name, but reported that she sounded like a cartoon character. After some furtive glances from Louise, Mr. Bracken dresses down a female coworker who sounds like Betty Boop.

The Simpsons also referenced Herman's Head when Lisa (voiced by Smith) is asked what she is laughing at in the episode "Duffless"; she replies that she has just remembered "a joke I saw on Herman's Head". In the later episode "Marge vs. Singles, Seniors, Childless Couples and Teens, and Gays", when Marge Simpson asks him to sign a petition, Comic Book Guy (voiced by Azaria) explains that he only signs petitions to bring back television shows, exclaiming "America needs the wisdom of Herman's Head now more than ever." Further, Lisa is revealed to have a Herman's Head-like chorus of her own, seen when she's processing feelings of jealousy over Marge's publishing a novel. When asked about Herman's Head on a Simpsons commentary, Azaria said people were discussing shows that actors would rather forget, stating that he "always had that. I didn't love Herman's Head, really."

Other
During the November 17, 1991, broadcast of Herman's Head ("Near-Death Wish"), the very first commercial advertisement for condoms aired in the United States.

During the 2012 United States presidential election, former Herman's Head actors Molly Hagan, Ken Hudson Campbell and Peter Mackenzie reunited to make a video parody for the comedy site Funny or Die, titled "Herman Cain's Head"; it referenced then-presidential candidate Herman Cain.

In 2021, the "To Protect and Serve" episode of Only Murders in the Building opens with a character watching Herman's Head and describing the show's personal importance as she was growing up. The episode's ending bookends this as she muses over whether Herman's Head "ended with him finally getting the girl," suspecting he would have continued without "those advisors in his head anymore" because he would not need them once he was no longer alone.

title: Herman's Head


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Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville

Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville (February 23, 1680 – March 7, 1767), also known as Sieur de Bienville, was a French-Canadian colonial administrator in New France. Born in Montreal, he was an early governor of French Louisiana, appointed four separate times during 1701–1743. He was the younger brother of explorer Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville.

Early life
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne was the son of Charles le Moyne, born in Longueil, near Dieppe, and Catherine Primot (also known as Catherine Thierry), born in Rouen, both cities in the Province of Normandy. Charles le Moyne established his family in the settlement of Ville-Marie (present day Montreal) at an early age and had fourteen children.

Exploration in the New World
At the age of seventeen, Bienville joined his brother Iberville on an expedition to establish the colony of Louisiana. In 1699, the group explored the Gulf of Mexico coastline as far as Mobile Bay, which was too shallow to go further. At the site of Belle Fontaine, they discovered an artesian spring bubbling and leaping from the beach; this spring is now 300–400 feet out in Mobile Bay. Bienville played a significant role in charting the coast near Mobile, Alabama. He also discovered the Chandeleur Islands off the coast of Louisiana, as well as Cat Island and Ship Island off the Mississippi coast, before moving westward to sail up the mouth of the Mississippi River. Eventually, the expedition reached the modern-day site of Baton Rouge and False River. In April 1699, before heading back to France, Iberville established the first settlement of the Louisiana colony: Fort Maurepas or Old Biloxi, at present-day Ocean Springs, Mississippi. He appointed Sauvolle de la Villantry as the governor and made Bienville lieutenant.

Following Iberville's departure, Bienville took another expedition up the Mississippi River and encountered English ships at what is now known as English Turn. Upon hearing of this encounter on his return, Iberville ordered Bienville to establish a settlement along the Mississippi River at the first solid ground he could find. Fifty miles upriver, Bienville established Fort de la Boulaye.

Co-founder of Mobile
On the recommendations of his brother, Bienville moved the majority of the settlers to a new settlement in what is now Alabama on the west side of the Mobile River, called Fort Louis de la Mobile (or "Mobille"). He also established a deepwater port nearby on Dauphin Island for the colony, as Mobile Bay and the Mobile River were too shallow for seagoing vessels. The population of the colony fluctuated over the next few years. In 1704, in part due to fear that fraternization of French soldiers with native females might lead to conflict, Bienville arranged for the arrival of twenty-four young French women. By tradition the young ladies were selected from convents, though most were likely from poor families. Because they traveled to the New World with their possessions in small trunks known as cassettes, they are known in local histories as the casquette girls in early accounts and by the English translation of casket girls in later tradition.

The young ladies were lodged in Bienville's home under the care of his housekeeper, a French-Canadian woman known as Madame Langlois. (By tradition she was a widowed cousin to Bienville and his brothers, but there is no confirmation of this.) Madame Langlois had learned from local native tribes the arts of cooking local produce and imparted this knowledge to her charges in what is generally heralded as the origin of Creole cuisine. The names and fates of most of the Casquette Girls is uncertain, but at least some remained in the colony and married French soldiers as intended, the first recorded birth of a white child occurring in 1705.

The population of the colony fluctuated over the next generation, growing to 281 by 1708, but diminishing to 178 two years later due to disease. In 1709, a great flood overflowed Fort Louis de la Mobile: because of this and the outbreaks of disease, Bienville ordered the settlement to move downriver to the present site of Mobile, Alabama in 1711 where another wooden Fort Louis was built. By 1712, when Antoine Crozat took over administration of Louisiana by royal appointment, the colony boasted a population of 400 persons. In 1713, a new governor arrived from France, and Bienville moved west where, in 1716, he established Fort Rosalie on the present site of Natchez, Mississippi. The new governor, Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, did not last long due to mismanagement and a lack of growth in the colony. He was recalled to France in 1716, and Bienville again took the helm as governor, serving the office for less than a year until the new governor, Jean-Michel de Lepinay, arrived from France. Lepinay's tenure was short lived, however, as Crozat had relinquished control of the colony and its administration to John Law and his Company of the Indies. In 1718, Bienville found himself once again governor of Louisiana, and it was during this term that Bienville established the city of New Orleans, Louisiana.

Father of New Orleans
Bienville wrote to the Directors of the Company in 1717 that he had discovered a crescent bend in the Mississippi River which he felt was safe from tidal surges and hurricanes and proposed that the new capital of the colony be built there. Permission was granted, and Bienville founded New Orleans in the spring of 1718 (May 7 has become the traditional date to mark the anniversary, but the actual day is unknown ). By 1719, a sufficient number of huts and storage houses had been built that Bienville began moving supplies and troops from Mobile. Following disagreements with the chief engineer of the colony, Pierre Le Blond de La Tour, Bienville ordered an assistant engineer, Adrien de Pauger, to draw up plans for the new city in 1720. In 1721, Pauger drew up the eleven-by-seven block rectangle now known as the French Quarter or the Vieux Carré. After moving into his new home on the site of what is now the Custom House, Bienville named the new city "La Nouvelle-Orléans" in honor of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, the Prince Regent of France. New Orleans became the capital of French Louisiana by 1723, during Bienville's third term.

Father of Biloxi
In 1719, during the War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720), Bienville had moved the capital of French Louisiana from Mobile near the battlefront with Spanish Pensacola back to Fort Maurepas (Old Biloxi). However, due to shifting sand bars, the settlement was moved across Biloxi Bay to found New Biloxi (or Nouvelle-Biloxi or Bilocci), in 1719. After the move, Fort Maurepas was burned (in the French custom to avoid resettlement by enemy forces). Also during 1719, the under-construction New Orleans had been entirely flooded (6 inches or higher), with the realization that higher ground or levees would be needed for the inland port of that Crescent City. The governing council wanted to keep the capital on the Gulf of Mexico at Biloxi. However, the sandy soil around Biloxi complicated agriculture, and storms also shifted sands into Biloxi harbor, while the New Orleans site could be considered a deepwater port, closer to agricultural lands. Eventually, in June 1722, Bienville began moving the capital to New Orleans, completing the move in August 1722. The year 1723 was the first full year with New Orleans as capital of French Louisiana.

Chickasaw Indian War
In 1725, Bienville was recalled to France. He left the colony in the hands of Pierre Dugué de Boisbriant, succeeded by Étienne Perier. Bienville resumed his post in Louisiana in 1733. This last term in office would be one of conflict, as relations with the Chickasaw had deteriorated. Bienville immediately began planning for a two-pronged offensive. He ordered the Governor of the Illinois District Pierre d'Artaguette with all available force from that area to meet him in Chickasaw country to launch a coordinated attack. At the event, Bienville arrived late, so d'Artaguette attacked independently on March 25, 1736, and was crushed. After weeks of preparation, Bienville attacked from the south on May 26, and himself was bloodily repulsed. Humiliated, Bienville organized a second campaign and collected his forces at Chickasaw Bluff in 1739. The Chickasaws sued for peace, and a treaty was signed with Bienville in April 1740. After two campaigns falling so far short of expectations, Bienville requested that he be relieved of his duties as governor.

While waiting for a new governor to arrive, Bienville helped establish a Charity Hospital which had been endowed by a sailor named Jean Louis. He also headed a relief effort when two hurricanes hit the Gulf Coast in the fall of 1740. The new governor arrived in 1743, and Bienville sailed back to France. However, even in France, he did what he could to aid the colony he had worked so long to build, seeking unsuccessfully to prevent the transfer of the colony from France to Spain. Bienville died in Paris in 1767.

Legacy
A monument was erected in New Orleans to recognize Bienville's role as founder of the city by the Louisiana Purchase Sesquicentennial Commission. Cast in 1955 by Angela Gregory, the monument features Bienville atop a pedestal facing north. On the east face, to his right, sits a Native American. To his south, a priest. On the west side of the monument, Gregory included the Le Moyne coat of arms.

Bienville is often described as "the Father of Louisiana."

title: Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adam Green (Politician)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 14:47, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Adam Green (Politician)
According to the article, this 18 yr old is a prominent member of the British Conservative Party. The article doesn't specify his role and I can't seem to find anything by Googling. --Lee Hunter 21:11, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I get a deja vu here. We have discussed something like this before with politicians and commiteemembers. Inter 22:41, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Appears to be a real instance of vanity. Inability to spell betrays the dubious nature of the claim to be a "prominent" anything - except possibly a prominent example of a poorly educated British teenager writing articles on Wikipedia. Delete. --Centauri 23:15, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and go through anon user special contributions and delete related junk. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 00:04, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Good point. I've removed the mentions of Adam Green from November 21 and Conservative Party (UK) --Lee Hunter 01:23, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. There are very few prominent members of the Tory Party these days.  Adam Green is definitely not one of them! --Marcus22 11:52, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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Telluride Film Festival

The Telluride Film Festival (TFF) is a film festival held annually in Telluride, Colorado, during Labor Day weekend (the first Monday in September). The 50th edition took place on August 31–September 4, 2023.

History
First held on 30 August 1974, the festival, hosted at the Sheridan Opera House, was founded by Bill and Stella Pence, Tom Luddy, and James Card of Eastman-Kodak Film Preserve. It is operated by the National Film Preserve.

In 2010, TFF partnered with UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. This partnership created FilmLab which was a program that focuses on the art and industry of filmmaking. This program is custom-designed for ten selected filmmaker graduates from UCLA. The partnership was further extended in 2012, the two partners created a mutually curated film program on UCLA's Westwood campus. In 2013 the festival celebrated its 40th anniversary with the addition of a new venue, the Werner Herzog Theatre and an extra day of programming.

The festival went on hiatus in 2020 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and resumed a year later in 2021.

Program
The bulk of the program is made up of new films, and there is an informal tradition that new films must be shown for the first time in North America to be eligible for the festival. Telluride is situated on the international film festival calendar after the Cannes Film Festival, but just before the Toronto International Film Festival and the New York Film Festival. This insistence on premieres has led to Telluride's being associated with the discovery of a number of important new films and filmmakers like Michael Moore (whose first film Roger and Me debuted there in 1989) and Robert Rodriguez (whose first feature El Mariachi got its first festival screening there in 1992).

The festival has also hosted the American premiere of films such as My Dinner With Andre (Louis Malle, 1981), Stranger than Paradise (Jim Jarmusch, 1984), Blue Velvet (David Lynch, 1986), The Civil War (Ken Burns, 1990), The Crying Game (Neil Jordan, 1992), Mulholland Drive (David Lynch, 2001), Brokeback Mountain (Ang Lee, 2005), The Imitation Game (Morten Tyldum, 2014), Sully (Clint Eastwood, 2016), Moonlight (Barry Jenkins, 2016), Lady Bird (Greta Gerwig, 2017), and Saltburn (Emerald Fennell, 2023).

Since 1995, a special medallion has also been presented annually, usually to a non-filmmaker who has had a major impact on American or international film culture. Past recipients include Milos Stehlik (founder of Facets Multi-Media), HBO, the French film magazine Positif, Ted Turner, and Janus Films.

Silver Medallion
The Telluride Film Festival Silver Medallion is awarded to three honorees each year.

The 1974 tributes honored Francis Ford Coppola, Gloria Swanson and Leni Riefenstahl. Other tributees have included Riz Ahmed, Pedro Almodóvar, Robert Altman, Christian Bale, Cate Blanchett, George Clooney, Toni Colette, Penélope Cruz, Marion Cotillard, Daniel Day-Lewis, Catherine Deneuve, Gérard Depardieu, Peter Dinklage, Clint Eastwood, Jodie Foster, Peter Greenaway, Sterling Hayden, Werner Herzog, Harvey Keitel, Ang Lee, David Lynch, Jack Nicholson, Mads Mikkelsen, Peter O'Toole, Sara Polley, Mickey Rooney, John Schlesinger, Jean Simmons, Meryl Streep, Tilda Swinton, Andrei Tarkovsky and Peter Weir.

Style
As of 2015 the program was created by founder and artistic director Tom Luddy, executive director Julie Huntsinger and one of the Telluride Film Festival guest directors, who change each year. These have included Errol Morris, Peter Bogdanovich, Bertrand Tavernier, Salman Rushdie, Don DeLillo, Peter Sellars, Stephen Sondheim, Buck Henry, and Michael Ondaatje.

Each year, an artist is selected to produce the poster art for the festival. Those who have accepted the commission include Chuck Jones, David Salle, Doug and Mike Starn, Dottie Attie, Jim Dine, Ed Ruscha, Francesco Clemente, Dave McKean, Gary Larson and Luke Dorman of Meow Wolf. The sole requirement for the poster is that the word SHOW be featured. This is a tribute to a large illuminated sign which says "Show" and sits outside of the Sheridan Opera House, the festival venue where the Silver Medallions are awarded.

Reactions
Susan Sontag, in her 1974 essay "Fascinating Fascism", lamented that, "The purification of Leni Riefenstahl's reputation of its Nazi dross has been gathering momentum for some time, but it has reached some kind of climax this year, with Riefenstahl the guest of honor at a new cinéphile-controlled film festival held in the summer in Colorado...."

After serving as guest director in 2001, Salman Rushdie wrote that, "It is extraordinarily exciting, in this age of the triumph of capitalism, to discover an event dedicated not to commerce but to love".

Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times wrote in 2002 that "the hothouse filmocentric universe Telluride creates over a Labor Day weekend has always been more a religion than anything as ordinary as a festival, complete with messianic believers and agnostic scoffers." Jeffrey Ruoff, a film historian at Dartmouth College, noted in 2015 that "Early buzz at Telluride opens the fall season of North American award speculation that climaxes with the Oscars."

Archive
The Academy Film Archive houses the Telluride Film Festival Collection, which consists of conversations with iconic filmmakers, tributes, symposium and seminars dating back to 1978.

title: Telluride Film Festival


text: Template:Amphoe Trat

title: Template:Amphoe Trat


text:
Rodney Bickerstaffe

Rodney Kevan Bickerstaffe (6 April 1945 – 3 October 2017) was a British trade unionist. He was General Secretary of the National Union of Public Employees (1982–1993) and UNISON (1996–2001), Britain's largest trade union at the time. He later became president of the UK National Pensioners Convention (2001–2005).

Early life and education
Born on 6 April 1945 in Hammersmith, London to Elizabeth Bickerstaffe, from South Yorkshire, who had been finishing her nursing training at Whipps Cross hospital in the heavily bombed East End during the Blitz. She had a brief romance with a carpenter from Dublin who returned to Ireland and ceased all contact. She and her son lived for three years in east London in a home for unmarried mothers. He then moved to Doncaster among extended family. He was educated at Doncaster Grammar School and in sociology at Rutherford College of Technology.

Much later, in the 1990s, Bickerstaffe's quest to find his birth father finally led to his mother revealing his father's possible whereabouts. Rodney discovered that his father, Thomas Simpson, had died in 1991 but Bickerstaffe subsequently discovered three Irish half-brothers.

Career
Bickerstaffe became an organiser for the National Union of Public Employees (NUPE) in 1966 in Yorkshire, rising through the ranks to be divisional officer of the northern division. He then became national officer responsible for members working in local government, universities and the water industry. During the 1978–79 Winter of Discontent he was particularly known for his militancy on behalf of government workers; some other trade unionists blamed him for Margaret Thatcher's subsequent election. Despite that criticism, he told historian Tara Martín López in 2006 that "if I had to do it all over again today, I would do it all over again."

In 1981 he was appointed NUPE general secretary. When NUPE, COHSE and NALGO merged to create UNISON in July 1993, Bickerstaffe became associate general secretary. He was elected general secretary in November 1995, taking office on 28 February 1996.

Bickerstaffe was a popular and highly visible trade union leader, calling for better rights and fairer treatment for staff working in public services and those transferred to the private sector through national and local privatisations. Although he was not known for aggressive tactics, he was passionate in his campaigns against low pay and for the introduction of the statutory national minimum wage. At the 2000 Labour Party Conference he moved the successful though controversial resolution to ensure pensions are uprated in line with earnings or prices, whichever is higher.

At the 2004 Labour Party Conference, Tony Blair referred to Bickerstaffe during his keynote Leader's Speech, at which point he was heckled. "I thought, that's funny - no-one boos Rodney Bickerstaffe", Blair later quipped.

Rodney was an excellent speaker. Addressing conference he used all his oratory skills with dry humour to capture a crowd. Away from the crowd he had the equivalent of a photographic memory for names and he would speak to people he’d just met as though he’d always known them. He was a warm and passionate socialist and a much underrated man

Post-retirement
He retired from UNISON in 2001 and succeeded Jack Jones as president of the National Pensioners Convention in April 2001. The organisation champions the rights and voice of Britain's millions of pensioners and campaigns for better pensions and healthcare. Bickerstaffe stood down in 2005 to focus on his international commitments and was succeeded by Frank Cooper. He chaired the Global Network which works with organisations in Asia, Africa and Latin America and was President of War on Want. He also chaired the Ken Gill Memorial Fund, a non-charitable trust established to commemorate his late friend, the British trade unionist and internationalist Ken Gill. In 2007, he refused a peerage.

He was involved in fighting discrimination of all kinds and was a patron of the Dalit Solidarity Network, an organisation in London (UK) for opposition to the oppression of India's caste system.

Honours
Bickerstaffe had honorary doctorates from Keele University, the University of Hertfordshire and Sheffield Hallam University as well as the Freedom of the Borough from Doncaster metropolitan borough.

Personal life
On 18 May 1968, Bickerstaffe married Anne Margaret Hollis. The marriage was dissolved soon after, and on 14 July 1973 Bickerstaffe married Patricia Ann Colpus; they had four children.

Death
Rodney Bickerstaffe died of oesophageal cancer on 3 October 2017, at the Marie Curie Hospice in Camden, London aged 72.

title: Rodney Bickerstaffe


text:
1714 in music

The year 1714 in music involved some significant events.

Events

 * March 2 – Johann Sebastian Bach is appointed Konzertmeister at Weimar, having declined a post at Halle.
 * A school of dance opens at the Paris Opera.
 * Michel Richard Delalande assumes full control of the French royal chapel upon the retirement of his last co-sous maîtres.
 * Francesco Geminiani arrives in London, where he obtains the patronage of William Capell, 3rd Earl of Essex.
 * Melchior Hoffmann, composer, marries Margaretha Elisabeth Philipp; he is already suffering from a terminal illness.
 * Domenico Scarlatti becomes maestro di cappella at the Cappella Giulia in the Vatican.
 * Francesco Maria Veracini visits London and performs at the Queen's Theatre.
 * The first permanent church organ in the United States, the Brattle organ, imported by Thomas Brattle, is installed in Boston at King's Chapel.
 * John Tufts publishes the first instructional book for singing in the USA.
 * Gottfried Silbermann completes the new organ for Freiberg Cathedral.

Classical music

 * Pirro Capacelli Conte Albergati – Cantate et oratorii spirituali, Op. 10
 * William Babell – Prelude in G major from the Frontispiece
 * Johann Sebastian Bach
 * Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen, BWV 12 (movement 2 would later form the Crucifixus movement of his Mass in B minor)
 * Widerstehe doch der Sünde, BWV 54
 * Herr Christ, der einge Gottessohn, BWV Anh. 55
 * Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, BWV 61
 * Christen, ätzet diesen Tag, BWV 63
 * Tritt auf die Glaubensbahn, BWV 152
 * Erschallet, ihr Lieder, BWV 172
 * Himmelskönig, sei willkommen, BWV 182
 * Mein Herze schwimmt im Blut, BWV 199
 * Kleines harmonisches Labyrinth, BWV 591 (Now attributed to Johann David Heinichen)
 * Organ Concerto in E-flat major, BWV 597
 * The Little Organ Book
 * Nun komm' der Heiden Heiland, BWV 599
 * Gott, durch deine Güte, BWV 600
 * Lob sei dem allmächtigen Gott, BWV 602
 * Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ, BWV 604
 * Vom Himmel kam der Engel Schaar, BWV 607
 * Wer nur den lieben Gott lässt walten, BWV 642
 * Alle Menschen müssen sterben, BWV 643
 * Toccata in C minor, BWV 911
 * Toccata in G major, BWV 916
 * Fantasia and Fugue in A minor, BWV 944
 * Aria variata in A minor, BWV 989
 * Violin Sonata in E minor, BWV 1023
 * Antonio Caldara – Laboravi in gemitu meo
 * André Campra – Enée et Didon
 * Giovanni Maria Casini – Pensieri per Organo
 * Arcangelo Corelli
 * Christmas Concerto
 * Twelve concerti grossi, Op. 6, published posthumously
 * François Couperin – Leçons de ténèbres
 * Henri Desmarets – Grands Motets
 * Christoph Graupner – Mir hat die Welt trüglich gericht, GWV 1103/14
 * George Frideric Handel – Te Deum in D major, HWV 278
 * Johann Ernst Prinz von Sachsen-Weimar – Violin Concerto in G major
 * Reinhard Keiser – Musicalische Land-Lust
 * Jean-Baptiste Loeillet – 12 Recorder Sonatas, Op. 2
 * Johann Mattheson – Harmonisches Denckmahl (12 Harpsichord suites)
 * Santiago de Murcia – Resumen de acompañar la parte con la guitarra
 * James Paisible – The Godolphin. Mr. Isaac's new dance, made for Her Majesty's Birth Day, 1714...
 * André Raison – Deuxième livre d'orgue
 * Jean-Féry Rebel – Les caractères de la danse
 * Alessandro Scarlatti – S. Filippo Neri (oratorio)
 * Jean-Baptiste Stuck – Héraclite et Démocrite
 * Franz Mathias Techelmann – Toccate, Canzoni, Ricercari et altre Galanterie
 * Georg Philipp Telemann – Nun komm der Heiden Heiland, TWV 1:1175
 * Giuseppe Valentini – 12 Allettamenti da Camera, Op. 8

Opera

 * Leonardo Leo – Pisistrato
 * Jean-Baptiste Matho – Arion (tragédie en musique)
 * Jean-Joseph Mouret
 * Les Amours de Ragonde
 * Les Fêtes ou Le Triomphe de Thalie
 * Nicola Porpora – Arianna e Teseo
 * Alessandro Scarlatti – L’amor generoso
 * Antonio Vivaldi – Orlando finto pazzo, RV 727

Births

 * January 1 – Giovanni Battista Mancini, soprano castrato, voice teacher (died 1800)
 * February – Susannah Maria Cibber, singer and actress, daughter of Thomas Arne (died 1766)
 * February 2 – Gottfried August Homilius, composer, cantor and organist (died 1785)
 * February 28 – Gioacchino Conti, soprano castrato opera singer (died 1761)
 * March 8 – Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (died 1788)
 * April 16 – Pedro António Avondano, Portuguese composer
 * May 6 – Anton Raaff, tenor (died 1797)
 * May 12 – Johan Daniel Berlin composer (died 1787)
 * July 2 – Christoph Willibald Gluck (died 1787)
 * September 10 – Niccolò Jommelli, composer (died 1774)
 * December 23 – Ranieri de' Calzabigi, librettist collaborating with Gluck (died 1795)
 * date unknown
 * Antonio Besozzi, Italian oboist and composer (died 1781)
 * Abade António da Costa, Portuguese composer (died 1780)
 * Johan Foltmar, composer (died 1794)
 * Christian Gottlob Hubert, builder of keyboard instruments (died 1793)
 * Edmund Pascha, organist and composer (died 1772)
 * probable – Carlo Ferdinando Landolfi, luthier (died 1771)

Deaths

 * January 4 – Atto Melani, opera singer (born 1626)
 * April 17 – Philipp Heinrich Erlebach, composer (born 1657)
 * August 25 – Johann Georg Kühnhausen, composer (date of birth unknown)
 * September 3 – Pietro Antonio Fiocco, composer (born 1654)
 * November 13 – Guillaume-Gabriel Nivers, organist (born 1632)
 * date unknown – Benito Bello de Torices, Spanish composer, maestro at the Convent of Las Descalzas Reales (born c.1660)

title: 1714 in music


text:
Jazz (novel)

Jazz is a 1992 historical novel by Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning American author Toni Morrison. The majority of the narrative takes place in Harlem during the 1920s; however, as the pasts of the various characters are explored, the narrative extends back to the mid-19th-century American South.

The novel forms the second part of Morrison's Dantesque trilogy on African-American history, beginning with Beloved (1987) and ending with Paradise (1998).

Legacy
Jazz was Morrison’s most recently published work when she was awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize for Literature. In the novel, "Morrison uses a device which is akin to the way jazz itself is played… The result is a richly complex, sensuously conveyed image of the events, the characters and moods."

The novel is referenced in S1 Ep5 of the NBC procedural show Found. The character of Felice is referred to as "one of Toni Morrison's most dynamic characters" and "curious [and] brilliant."

Characters

 * Joe Trace, a door-to-door cosmetics salesman and the murderer of his young lover.
 * Violet Trace, an unlicensed beautician. Violet is married to Joe. She is nicknamed "Violent" because she assaulted the corpse of Joe’s lover with a knife at the funeral.
 * Dorcas, Joe's young lover, who is shot down at a party. Dorcas is inspired by a picture from The Harlem Book of the Dead (a collection of funeral photographs by James Van Der Zee).
 * Alice Manfred, Dorcas' aunt and guardian. A conservative Christian ashamed by her niece's behavior. Alice enters into an unusual friendship with Violet.
 * Felice, a friend of Dorcas' who goes to the Trace household in search of answers.
 * Golden Gray, a mixed-race man from the 19th century. Golden appears in both Joe's and Violet's histories.

title: Jazz (novel)


text:
Talk:Niles Eldredge

POV
" Punctuated equilibrium is a refinement to evolutionary theory. " IMHO it's a desperate attempt to salvage an untenable theory. But I'm just one of those creationist yokels. Anyways, this sentence is definitely not a dispassionate neutral assertion. Not all evolutionists believe in PE. 38.117.214.70 (talk) 18:26, 24 April 2012 (UTC)

On the Cornets
I added a bit about the cornets. I swear that is no lie, it was in an issue of New Scientist. (Yes, of the 3 entries on talk pages I have made, 2 of htem have mentioned New Scientist.) Sir Elderberry 02:51, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

 * This passage makes no sense to me:
 * "Eldredge possesses a chart of the development of cornets compared with that for trilobites. The differences between them are meant to highlight the failures of Intelligent Design by comparing a system that is definitely designed, with a system that, according to scientific consensus, is not."
 * Which of these "systems" (neither comets nor trilobites qualify) was supposedly designed? And who was the designer?  Have I missed something here?

 * You misread it. It's not comets, it's cornets, you know, the musical instruments! Invertzoo (talk) 21:52, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

Needs a POV check
The article as it stands is directly lifted from the biography on his own web site and elsewhere,. Though I don't doubt the factual content, the article could perhaps stand a bit of NPOV adjustment.

I'm also concerned about the question of copyright, since the material is duplicated directly from other sources. --TenOfAllTrades 21:18, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * 'Directly'? 'Lifted'? My good man, what are you saying? However, thank you for the URL to Eldredge's own web site. I could find no reference anywhere to his DoB, but you supplied a suitable source of information! :)

 * I've shined it up a bit, explained some stuff in simpler terms, and removed the reference to Eldredge's eternal battle with the Creationists, as it's not very interesting. Toodle-ooh. sugarfish 23:56, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * Further shining. :) Parts still bear a strong resenblance to the "official" biography, but it's getting better.  I broke things up into sections that (hopefully) make sense and will encourage further fleshing out. I'm a bit torn about including his entire biblography; I wonder if it might have more punch if only the seminal works were included (or at least highlighted).  Oh well—if nobody complains, then it can stay. --TenOfAllTrades 00:32, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Accountable
Apparently, "Eldredge is a critic of ... the notion that evolutionary theory can be held accountable to patterns of historical data." Does anyone know what this means? I did a Google search and couldn't find anything.

It did occur to me that it might mean "the notion that evolutionary theory can explain patterns of historical data". But then again, he obviously thinks it can explain it to some extent since he has looked to the past to refine the evolutionary theory and come up with punctuated equilibrium. Is it referring to written history? i.e. the last few thousand years. It is arguable that by that point society is so complex that evolution doesn't tell us much... but now I'm just making stuff up. Does anyone know what the sentence in the article is actually talking about? The phrase has been there since the first version of the article.

Yaris678 (talk) 13:43, 10 December 2013 (UTC)

Hee hee! Yes, you have the gist of what was intended (I'm sure). Yes, I wrote this, and it seems vaguely familiar. Eldredge is known for pointing to repeated patterns in the "history of life" to refine how evolution is thought to work. This is not akin to Dawkins' Selfish Gene, but more about ecology and environmental factors as an influence on evolution. So it's all about external factors influencing internal ones.

Please, feel free to rewrite. I see how it could be confusing.

sugarfish (talk) 00:58, 11 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Cool. Thanks.  I have made this change.  It's not easy to see what the change is with the standard diff, but if you use WP:WikEdDiff it is obvious.  Yaris678 (talk) 12:48, 12 December 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Niles Eldredge


text:
MoMA PS1

MoMA PS1 is a contemporary art institution located in Court Square in the Long Island City neighborhood in the borough of Queens, New York City, United States. In addition to its exhibitions, the institution organizes the Sunday Sessions performance series, the Warm Up summer music series, and the Young Architects Program with the Museum of Modern Art. MoMA PS1 has been affiliated with the Museum of Modern Art since January 2000 and,, attracts about 200,000 visitors a year.

Founding
What would become MoMA PS1 was founded in 1971 by Alanna Heiss as the Institute for Art and Urban Resources Inc., an organization with the mission of turning abandoned, underutilized buildings in New York City into artist studios and exhibition spaces.

Recognizing that New York was a worldwide magnet for contemporary artists, and believing that traditional museums were not providing adequate exhibition opportunities for site-specific art, in 1971 Heiss established a formal, alternative arts organization with architecture/theater critic Brendan Gill called The Institute for Art and Urban Resources, and began renovating abandoned buildings in New York City.

In 1976, Heiss opened the P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center in a deserted Romanesque Revival public school building, significantly increasing the organization's exhibition and studio capacity. This building, dating from 1892, served as the first school in Long Island City until 1963, when the First Ward school it housed was closed due to low attendance and the building was turned into a warehouse.

In October 1997, P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center reopened to the public after a three-year, $8.5 million renovation project designed by Los Angeles-based architecture firm Frederick Fisher & Partners. The building's facilities were increased from 84,000 to 125,000 sqft in order to include a large outdoor gallery, a dramatic entryway, and a two-story project space.

Affiliation with the Museum of Modern Art
In February 1999, P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center and the Museum of Modern Art announced their impending institutional merger, which was planned to take 10 years and was designed to preserve P.S. 1 as a center of independent experimentation and exploration. MoMA PS1 and the Museum of Modern Art formalized their affiliation in January 2000. New York City, which owns the MoMA PS1 building, endorsed the merger.

The principal objective of MoMA's partnership with MoMA PS1 is to promote the enjoyment, appreciation, study, and understanding of contemporary art to a wide and growing audience. Collaborative programs of exhibitions, educational activities, and special projects allow both institutions to draw on their respective strengths and resources and to continue shaping a cultural discourse. The two institutions also integrated their development, education, marketing, financial planning and membership departments.

To mark the 10th anniversary of the merger between the former P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center and MoMA, the museum changed its name to MoMA PS1 in 2010.

Later development
In 2008, following the completion of a 10-year merger process with MoMA, Alana Heiss retired as director of P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center after 36 years. In 2009, Klaus Biesenbach was named Director of the renamed MoMA PS1. Biesenbach had first joined at PS1 as a curator in 1997, and subsequently held the positions of Curator in MoMA's Department of Film and Media and Chief Curator of MoMA's Department of Media and Performance Art. Biesenbach left the museum for the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles in July 2018, leaving the museum temporarily without a director.

In November 2018, MoMA PS1 art handlers demonstrated outside the museum to earn the same pay as similar workers at MoMA in Manhattan, and in March 2019, the museum paid a settlement with a curator who accused the museum of rescinding a job offer due to pregnancy. In June 2019, Kate Fowle was announced as the museum's new director. In November 2019, a new restaurant opened in the museum.

Following a longer than initially expected closure for the coronavirus pandemic, on April 13, 2020, MoMA PS1 told its employees there would be furloughs due to the museum facing its "most serious financial crisis" ever, with impact to be felt "for years to come," according to director Kate Fowle. 70% of the museum's workforce was furloughed, leaving 17 employees working at the museum. During the George Floyd protests in New York City in June 2020, the museum and the Brooklyn Museum were the only two major art institutions to participate in the Open Your Lobby initiative, which asks businesses to provide protestors with shelter or resources.

Artist and exhibition programs
From its inception, MoMA PS1 has championed the innovative and the experimental. The premiere exhibition, Rooms, held in June 1976, featured the works of 78 artists, many of whom created site-specific installations in the former classrooms. For Rooms, the sculptor Alan Saret cut a tiny hole in one wall, creating an almost heavenly aureole of light at one end of the third-floor hallway. The museum has featured the works of the artists Janet Cardiff, David Hammons, Kimsooja, Hilma af Klint, Donald Lipski, John McCracken, Dennis Oppenheim, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Alan Saret, Katharina Sieverding, Keith Sonnier, Michael Tracy, Franz West, Maria Lassnig, Judy Rifka, and Peter Young. Its landmark survey of Mike Kelley in 2013 was the largest exhibition of the artist's work at the time.

A focus has been on outsider artists such as Henry Darger, who was included in Disasters of War: Francisco de Goya, Henry Darger, Jake and Dinos Chapman (2000). Greater New York, a survey of emerging artists working in New York City, was established in 2000 and is mounted every five years. Many exhibitions organized by MoMA PS1 travel to museums in the United States and abroad, including collaborations with Kunst-Werke Institute for Contemporary Art in Berlin.

In November 2019, the Trump administration travel ban resulted in denied visas to a number of Iraqi artists taking part in MoMA PS1's Theater of Operations: The Gulf Wars 1991–2011 exhibitions, resulting in criticism by activists.

Throughout its history, MoMA PS1 has routinely organized exhibitions beyond its building, including street performances throughout New York City, projects in the Rockaways, and international exhibitions and projects.

Important exhibitions hosted since the founding of MoMA PS1 in 1976 include:
 * Rooms (June 9–26, 1976)
 * Afro-American Abstraction (February 17 – April 6, 1980)
 * Ted Stamm: Paintings 1972–1980 (February 11 – March 7, 1981)
 * West/East: First Generation Environmental Sculptures (September 28, 1980 - March 14, 1982)
 * New York/New Wave (February 15 – April 5, 1981)
 * The Knot: Arte Povera at P.S. 1 (October 6 – December 15, 1985)
 * James Turrell: Meeting (October 26, 1986 - [ongoing])
 * John McCracken: Heroic Stance, A Survey of Sculpture 1965–1986 (October 26 – December 26, 1986)
 * Michelangelo Pistoletto: Division and Multiplication of the Mirror (October 2 – November 27, 1988)
 * Franz West (1989)
 * David Hammons: Rousing the Rubble, 1969 - 1990 (December 16, 1990 - February 10, 1991)
 * Dennis Oppenheim: And the Mind Grew Fingers (December 8, 1991 - February 9, 1992)
 * Jack Smith: Flaming Creature (October 29, 1997 - March 1, 1998)
 * Gordon Matta-Clark: Reorganizing Structure by Drawing Through It (April 26 – August 30, 1998)
 * Inside Out: New Chinese Art (1998)
 * Minimalia: An Italian Vision in 20th Century Art (October 10, 1999 - January 9, 2000)
 * Children of Berlin: Cultural Developments 1989 - 1999 (November 7, 1999 - January 2, 2000)
 * Greater New York (February 27 – May 30, 2000)
 * Disasters of War: Goya, Henry Darger, Jake and Dinos Chapman (November 19, 2000 - February 25, 2001)
 * Janet Cardiff: A Survey of Works (October 14, 2001 - January 31, 2002)
 * Mexico City: An Exhibition about the Exchange Rates of Bodies and Values (June 30 – September 10, 2002)
 * Roth Time: A Dieter Roth Retrospective (March 12 – June 7, 2004)
 * Katharina Sieverding: Close Up (October 24, 2004 - January 23, 2005)
 * Peter Hujar (October 23, 2005 - April 10, 2006)
 * Into Me/Out of Me (June 25 – September 25, 2006)
 * WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution (February 17 – May 12, 2008)
 * Lutz Bacher My Secret Life (February 12 – September 14, 2009)
 * September 11 (September 11, 2011 - January 9, 2012)
 * Mike Kelley (October 13, 2013 - February 2, 2014)
 * James Lee Byars: 1/2 an Autobiography (June 15 – September 7, 2014)
 * Maria Lassnig (March 9 – September 7, 2014)
 * Anne Imhof: DEAL (January 31 – March 9, 2015)
 * Greater New York (October 11, 2015 – March 7, 2016)
 * Vito Acconci: Where Are We Now (Who Are We Anyway) (June 19 – September 18, 2016)
 * Mark Leckey: Containers and Their Drivers (October 23, 2016 – March 5, 2017)
 * Carolee Schneemann: Kinetic Painting (October 22, 2017 – March 11, 2018)
 * Fernando Palma Rodríguez: In Ixtli in Yollotl, We the People (April 15, 2018 – September 9, 2018)
 * Bruce Nauman: Disappearing Acts (October 21, 2018 – February 25, 2019)
 * Marking Time: Art in the Age of Mass Incarceration (September 17, 2020 – April 04, 2021)
 * Niki de Saint Phalle: Structures for Life (March 11, 2021 - September 6, 2021)

Young Architects Program
The Young Architects Program (YAP) is an annual competition hosted by MoMA PS1 and The Museum of Modern Art that invites young architects to submit design proposals for MoMA PS1's courtyard. The winning entry is converted from concept to construction and becomes the architectural setting for MoMA PS1's summer Warm Up music series. The Young Architects program was placed on a one-year hiatus in late 2019.

YAP winners include:
 * 1998 – untitled? by Gelitin
 * 1999 – DJ Pavilion by Philip Johnson
 * 2000 – Dunescape by SHoP Architects
 * 2001 – Summer Oasis by ROY (principal Lindy Roy)
 * 2002 – Playa Urbana / Urban Beach by William E. Massie
 * 2003 – Light-Wing by EMERGENT (principal, Tom Wiscombe)
 * 2004 – Canopy by nARCHITECTS (principals, Eric Bunge and Mimi Hoang)
 * 2005 – SUR by Xefirotarch (principal, Hernan Diaz Alonso)
 * 2006 – BEATFUSE! by Obra Architects
 * 2007 – Liquid Sky by Ball-Nogues Studio
 * 2008 – Public Farm 1 by WorkAC (principals, Amale Andraos and Dan Wood)
 * 2009 – Afterparty by MOS Architects (principals, Michael Meredith and Hilary Sample )
 * 2010 – Pole Dance by Solid-Objectives – Idenburg Liu
 * 2011 – Holding Pattern by Interboro Partners & WHATAMI by stARTT (MAXXI, Rome )
 * 2012 – Wendy by HWKN (principals, Matthias Hollwich and Marc Kushner )
 * 2013 – Party Wall by CODA (principal, Caroline O'Donnell )
 * 2014 – Hy-Fi by The Living (principal, David Benjamin )
 * 2015 – COSMO by Andrés Jaque
 * 2016 – Weaving the Courtyard by Escobedo Soliz Studio
 * 2017 – Lumen by Jenny Sabin Studio
 * 2018 – Hide & Seek by Dream the Combine

Warm Up
Warm Up is MoMA PS1's music series summer event. The series is housed within the architectural installation created by the winner of the annual Young Architects Program. Together, the music, architecture and exhibition program provide a unique multi-sensory experience for music fans, artists, and families alike.

Warm Up was conceived in 1997 as a summer-long dance party to bring new audiences to MoMA PS1 and Long Island City, Queens. The series runs every Saturday from July through early September and draws thousands of local and international visitors each day.

Highlights from the series include a notable group of international DJs and live music ensembles: DJ Harvey, Groove Collective, Afrika Bambaataa, Mad Professor, Richie Hawtin, François K, Fischerspooner, Kid Koala, Arto Lindsay, Scissor Sisters, Luke Vibert, Solange, Jamie XX, Grimes, Arca, Black Dice, Four Tet, DJ Premier, Derrick May, Venus X, Cardi B, Lizzo, and many more.

Long-term installations
MoMA PS1 houses several long-term installations throughout the building:
 * A large outdoor dome used for house exhibitions, as of 2013
 * Richard Artschwager, Blips, 1976. Location: Throughout MoMA PS1
 * Richard Artschwager, Exit - Don't fight City Hall, 1976. Location: First floor
 * Richard Serra, Untitled, 1976. Location: Rooftop
 * Alan Saret, Hole at PS1: Fifth Solar Chtonich Wall Temple, 1976. Location: Third floor, eastern end of north wing
 * Lawrence Weiner, A bit of matter and a little bit more, 1976. Location: Front door, stenciled on glass
 * James Turrell, Meeting, 1986. Location: Third floor
 * Pipilotti Rist, Selbstlos im Lavabad (Selfless in the Bath of Lava), 1994. Location: Lobby, single-channel video installation
 * Matt Mullican, Untitled, 1997. Location: Steel inset in basement floor
 * Cecily Brown, Untitled, 1997. Location: Staircase B
 * Alexis Rockman, Untitled, 1997. Location: Staircase B
 * Sol LeWitt, Crayola Square, 1999. Location: Basement floor
 * William Kentridge, Stair Procession, 2000. Location: Staircase B
 * Ernesto Caivano, In the Woods. 2004, Location: Staircase A
 * Abigail Lazkoz, Cameraman, 2005. Location: Staircase B
 * Saul Melman, Central Governor, 2010. Location: Basement Boiler Room
 * James Ferraro, Saint Prius, 2014. Location: Throughout MoMA PS1 (and available to download from the museum website)

Management
Under chairwoman Agnes Gund, in 2010 the MoMA PS1's board of directors included the artists Cindy Sherman and Mickalene Thomas, art historian Diana Widmaier-Picasso, fashion designer Adam Kimmel, and art collectors Adrian Cheng and Peter Norton. In 2020, an open letter by artists asked the museum to remove Larry Fink and Leon Black from the MoMA PS1 board for their investment history. MoMA PS1 "receives about eight percent of its operating budget from the city" in 2019. As owner of the MoMA PS1 building, New York City contributes to MoMA PS1's annual operating budget. Exhibitions at MoMA PS1 are funded by the Annual Exhibition Fund, which draws donations from trustees.

title: MoMA PS1


text:
Forked tongue

A forked tongue is a tongue split into two distinct tines at the tip; this is a feature common to many species of reptiles. Reptiles smell using the tip of their tongue, and a forked tongue allows them to sense from which direction a smell is coming. Sensing from both sides of the head and following trails based on chemical cues is called tropotaxis. It is unclear whether forked-tongued reptiles can actually follow trails or if this is just a hypothesis.

Forked tongues have evolved in these squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) for various purposes. The advantage to having a forked tongue is that more surface area is available for the chemicals to contact and the potential for tropotaxis. The tongue is flicked out of the mouth regularly to sample the chemical environment. This form of chemical sampling allows these animals to sense non-volatile chemicals, which cannot be detected by simply using the olfactory system. This increased ability to sense chemicals has allowed for heightened abilities to identify prey, recognize kin, choose mates, locate shelters, follow trails, and more.

Forked tongues have evolved multiple times in squamates. It is unclear, based on the morphological and genetic evidence, where the exact points of change are from a notched tongue to a forked tongue, but it is believed that the change has happened two to four times. A common behavioral characteristic that has evolved in those with forked tongues is that they tend to be wide foragers.

Hummingbirds also have tongues that split at the tip. Galagos (bushbabies) have a secondary tongue, or sublingua, used for grooming, hidden under their first.

Usage as an idiomatic expression
The phrase "speaks with a forked tongue" means to deliberately say one thing and mean another or, to be hypocritical, or act in a duplicitous manner. In the longstanding tradition of many Native American tribes, "speaking with a forked tongue" has meant lying, and a person was no longer considered worthy of trust, once he had been shown to "speak with a forked tongue." This phrase was also adopted by Americans around the time of the Revolution, and may be found in abundant references from the early 19th century—often reporting on American officers who sought to convince the tribal leaders with whom they negotiated that they "spoke with a straight and not with a forked tongue" (as for example, President Andrew Jackson told the Creek Nation in 1829 ). According to one 1859 account, the native proverb that the "white man spoke with a forked tongue" originated as a result of the French tactic of the 1690s, in their war with the Iroquois, of inviting their enemies to attend a peace conference, only to be slaughtered or captured.

Literary usage
There are appearances of the phrase "forked tongue" in English literature, either in reference to actual snakes' tongues, or as a metaphor for untruthfulness, such as a sermon by Lancelot Andrewes, who died in 1626:

"And he hath the art of cleaving. He shewed it in the beginning, when he made the Serpent, linguam bisulcam, a forked tongue, to speake that, which was contrarie to his knowledge and meaning, They should not die; and as he did the Serpent's, so he can doe others."

The phrase also appears in Milton's Paradise Lost:

According to his Doom: He would have spoke, But Hiss for Hiss return'd with forked Tongue To forked Tongue, for now were all transform'd...

title: Forked tongue


text:
User:Akerkhof

(placeholder)

title: User:Akerkhof


text:
Agios Ioannis Renti

Agios Ioannis Renti (Άγιος Ιωάννης Ρέντη) is a suburb and a former municipality in the Piraeus regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Nikaia-Agios Ioannis Renti, of which it is a municipal unit.

Geography
Agios Ioannis Renti is part of Piraeus regional unit, located about  4 km northeast of Piraeus. The municipal unit has an area of 4.524 km2. The small river Cephissus runs through it. Two important transport axes pass through the municipality: Motorway 1 (Athens–Thessaloniki) and the Piraeus–Platy railway, on which it has a passenger station (Rentis) and a large marshalling yard. The Olympiakos FC training center is in this area. The Olympiacos Volleyball stadium also is nearby.

History
Agios Ioannis Renti was part of the municipality of Athens until 1925 when it became a separate community. It was elevated to municipality status in 1946.

Economy
The Central Market of Athens is located in Agios Ioannis Renti. It is the largest central market of vegetables, meat and other foods in Greece. In Agios Ioannis Renti is located one of the most important industrial areas of Athens, in which factories of important companies are based, such as Rolco (Biggest detergent manufacturing company in Greece), Mietsel, Pharmasept and others.

Education
The Athens School of Fine Arts is located in Agios Ioannis Renti.

International relations
Agios Ioannis Renti is twinned with Kadıköy, Turkey, since 2003.

title: Agios Ioannis Renti


text:
Khlong Yai district

Khlong Yai (คลองใหญ่,, lit: 'big canal') is a district (amphoe) of Trat province, eastern Thailand. A border crossing into Cambodia is at Hat Lek, known as the Cham Yeam crossing in Koh Kong province of Cambodia. The nearest Cambodian city is Koh Kong. Thailand Route 3 (Sukhumvit Road) ends at the Cambodian border in this district.

History
Khlong Yai was once part of Siam's Patchan Khiri Khet Province. The name was constructed to rhyme with Prachuap Khiri Khan province on the other side of the Gulf of Thailand at the same latitude. In 1904, most of Patchan Khiri Khet, including Trat, was ceded to France in exchange for the French returning Chantaburi to Siam. Shortly thereafter, France returned Trat and Klong Yai to Siam in exchange for Siem Reap and Battambang, which had been under Thai rule since 1795. A portion of what was Patchan Khiri Khet Province is now in Koh Kong province of Cambodia.

Klong Yai was made a minor district (king amphoe) in 1912 and upgraded to a full district in 1959.

From 1979 to July 1986, the district was the site of a Thai Red Cross refugee camp, now called "Ratchakarun Centre", for Cambodians fleeing the fighting between the Khmer Rouge and the invading Vietnamese in the Cambodian-Vietnamese War. At its peak, it harboured more than 90,000 persons.

Geography
The district is a narrow band of land along the coast to the Gulf of Thailand, separated from Cambodia by the Cardamom Mountains.

Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Mueang Trat of Trat Province, Koh Kong province of Cambodia, and the Gulf of Thailand.

An international border crossing with Cambodia is at Hat Lek village at the south end of the district, called the Khlong Yai Immigration Checkpoint. The checkpoint on the Cambodian side is called Cham Yeam International Checkpoint in Cham Yeam village, Koh Kong Province.

Administration
The district is divided into three sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 20 villages (mubans). There are two townships (thesaban tambon): Khlong Yai and Hat Lek both cover parts of the same-named tambon. There are a further two tambon administrative organizations (TAO).

title: Khlong Yai district


text:
User talk:James Brown

Image copyright problem with Image:Fender_Jag-Stang.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Fender_Jag-Stang.gif. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images on Wikipedia is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. You can get help on image copyright tagging from Wikipedia talk:Image copyright tags. -- Carnildo 04:51, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Jag-stangs.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Jag-stangs.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images on Wikipedia is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. You can get help on image copyright tagging from Wikipedia talk:Image copyright tags. -- Carnildo 22:08, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

B-Day
You were born three days before me! Just thought that was ironic, intriguing, whatever you want to call it. Эйрон Кинни (t) 02:02, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

Marijuana Wiki
Hi there,

I see that you are a pro-Cannabis Wikipedian so I hope this will be of some interest to you.

I've started a Marijuana wiki (aka The Sticky Wiki) which I think you might be interested in. I'm hoping you can help me get started with this project. Whereas lots of articles about weed get speedy-deleted on Wikipedia, they would be totally cool over at MarijuanaWiki. But really I want the site to be more of a marijuana community than merely an encyclopedia.

To give you an example, I want to have city guides about where to score, find pot-friendly cafes, marijuana events, and what represents a good price in that city. Etc. (You can check out the featured article: "Toronto" to see what I mean). I also want to have grow diaries and marijuana blogs. All in all, basically more communal than encyclopedic.

I am in need of admins/moderators, and people experienced with MediaWiki to help build policy, categories, and templates, etc. If you'd be interested in helping me with this project, the URL is MarijuanaWiki

Thanks for your time and consideration. Hope to see you there!

-- nsandwich 23:51, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

Userbox Public Transit
According to The German solution, here’s a a tip for you: (in lieu of the blanked template:User Public Transit). -- Olve 22:49, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Along the same line: to User:UBX/heterosexual and  to User:UBX/feminismsupporter — Mi  r  a  05:35, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Userbox
Hello. A userbox you are using (Template:User queerrights) has been moved to user space per WP:GUS. The new link is User:UBX/queerrights. The link currently being used on your page is a cross-namespace redirect and will not last. If you wish to keep your userbox, it is advisable to change to the new link. If you have any questions about why you are receiving this message, please read this and leave any questions you may still have on my talk page. Thank you. — Shayl talk 07:29, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The same goes for Template:User HRC, which is now located at User:UBX/HRC. As an aside, the reason you are getting these messages is that your user page contains a link to a blacklisted website (jot.com). If you are willing to remove this link, other users will be able to edit your page again. — Shayl talk 07:29, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Important Note
You will note that your userpage has been modified in two ways.

First, the "photo" has been removed. This is because you were being a jerk. There is a difference between being inflammatory to the hypersensitive, and being deliberately inflammatory. You are not Allah. Do not claim to be.

Secondly, your link to jot dot com has been removed, because it triggered the spam blacklist. DS 21:18, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Your username
It became clear to me that you are indeed not James Brown, which is against our username policy. I recommend you to change your username to avoid confusion. Thank you.  Michaelas10   (Talk)   21:54, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I've opened a request for comment over your username, you may wish to respond about the case there.  Michaelas10   (Talk)   13:25, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi, if you've been following the RfC you'll note that providing evidence that your name is James Brown would wrap this up. I'm an admin, and if you send me a scan of an ID or personal mail (delete / whiteout any details you dont want to share) we can close the case.  Dei zio  talk 17:13, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I strongly encourage you not to send any personal information to anyone who asks for it over the internet. This request is inappropriate under Protecting children's privacy. BigDT 17:42, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The offer was made in order to verify your use of the name James Brown in respect of a possible violation of WP:USERNAME. I'm happy to withdraw the request, per BigDT's objection, and make clear I don't have any reason to doubt that this is your name. Your userpage also makes this clear.  Dei zio  talk 17:59, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * You have my condolences....in being confused with a popular R&B singer who died today. Just H 21:40, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

The clear consensus at the request for comment was that your username is fine, you do not need to change it, and you do not need to send anyone your identifying documents. However, some concern was expressed about your making personal details public while you are a legal minor, as that might be a risk to yourself. May I ask, before any further discussion of that issue takes place here, that you consult with your parent(s) or legal guardian(s), show them your user page and this talk page, and take their advice on how much you reveal of yourself here? I think their (verifiable) involvement in that decision would help allay this community's concerns for your safety. – SAJordan talkcontribs 03:24, 26 Dec 2006 (UTC).
 * Agree with SAJ above. Username seems to be allowed, I believe you can consider that debate closed.  Dei zio  talk 03:27, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

User:James Brown/Napalm Deathcography
I've had to speedily delete this page per user criterion 3 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Galleries of fair use images, such as album covers, are not allowed in the user space. Please keep this in mind in the future. --Core desat  03:42, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Essex discussion at WikiProject Council/Proposals

 * Description : A project for the county of Essex, England

 * Interested Wikipedians (please add your name)
 * 1) Chris 05:39, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

Maybe you could try Category:Wikipedians from Essex and also place notices e.g. at WikiProject England. Simply south (talk) 19:41, 3 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Comments

Rollback
Hello James Brown, I have granted rollback rights to your account; the reason for this is that after a review of some of your contributions, I believe I can trust you to use rollback correctly by using it for its intended usage of reverting vandalism, and that you will not abuse it by reverting good-faith edits or to revert-war. For information on rollback, see New admin school/Rollback and Rollback feature. If you do not want rollback, just let me know, and I'll remove it. Good luck and thanks. Acalamari 18:45, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Linkin Park Underground
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Linkin Park Underground, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Mdsummermsw (talk) 12:29, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Linkin Park Underground
An article that you have been involved in editing, Linkin Park Underground, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Linkin Park Underground. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Mdsummermsw (talk) 13:50, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 19:49, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for August 22
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:55, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:James Brown


text:
Talk:Menelik I

Untitled
Alik's name is descended from Menelik, the son of King Solomon and Queen Sheba. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.12.117.5 (talk • contribs) 17:22, 2 February 2005 (UTC)

Haille Salassie
Because Haille Salassie, was a direct descendant of Solomon and Queen Bathsheba, how did European become "Jews"? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.163.100.200 (talk • contribs) 22:40, 31 March 2005 (UTC)
 * See Diaspora. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 20:42, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Solomonid dynasty
The article states that Menelik I founded the Solomonid dynasty. However, that article says the Solomonid dynasty did not come about until 1270 upon the fall of the Zagwe dynasty. Or is this based on assertions in the Kebra Negast? For that matter, was the country called "Ethiopia" during Menelik I's lifetime? This needs some clarification. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 20:42, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * the Zagwe overthrew the Solomonic dynasty briefly, from 1137 to 1270. Otherwise it was Solomon all the way. 213.55.95.193 (talk) 15:41, 31 October 2010 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Kebra Nagast.jpg
The image Image:Kebra Nagast.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

Date of reign
Menelik is said to have reigned in 200 B.C. The prophet Isaia lived in 700 B.C. and was a contemporary of Hezekiah. Solomon lived several hundred years before Hezekiah and Isaiah. So how could Solomon's son have reigned some 1000 years later? —Preceding unsigned comment added by OHIOHAM (talk • contribs) 12:38, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for pointing that out. While "Regnal Chronologies" is often a great and fascinating source, this time it seems a little suspect. All Ethiopian sources I have ever read, place Menelik I around ca. 950 BC, so if no one objects, I am going to revise the article accordingly. Til Eulenspiegel (talk) 13:01, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --01:52, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Photo of the Mausoleum of Menelik I
This is more likely the Mausoleum of Menelik II. Menelik I is a semi-legendary figure, & there is no record of where he was buried. (Maybe not even in Ethiopia?) Menelik II, however, founded Addis Ababa & most likely was buried in this city. I suggest this photo be pulled until a reliable source can be found that confirms this building is a mausoleum or cenotaph for the earlier emperor. -- llywrch (talk) 18:35, 26 July 2019 (UTC)

Pengertian komite 182.3.201.168 (talk) 00:02, 17 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Menelik I