text:
Talk:Trinity College, Toronto

Model
Alright, so some significant editing needs to be done. Let's take a couple of other similar pages, all Featured articles, as models. Duke University, Cornell University, and Michigan State University are all great examples.--Sycron 19:00, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

 * All fantastic articles, however given the present direction of this article and the nature of Trinity itself, perhaps it would be most expedient to follow most closely the model of the Oriel College article, also a featured article. Wachowich 04:07, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

Buildings
Let’s start work on the very necessary Buildings section. Below is my suggested template, what do you think?

Buildings

 * Trinity College
 * Quadrangle
 * Chapel
 * Strachan Hall
 * Senior Common Room
 * Junior Common Room
 * St. Hilda’s College
 * Rigby Room
 * Devonshire Place
 * Graham Library
 * Munk Centre for International Relations
 * Larkin
 * The Buttery

Wachowich 21:34, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

 * The SCR shouldn't been seen as a branch of Strachan, but otherwise this is a good start.--Sycron 01:37, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Great work so far, however, noting the test under Strachan Hall, I believe it would be prudent to establish a clear distinction between the various buildings, particularly the Trinity building (what’s the official name? Trinity College perhaps) and St. Hilda’s (same question).Wachowich 19:37, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, much work still needs to be done. I'm starting to fill in the citation holes though, which is good.--Sycron 19:43, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

Episkopon: Overlord vs. Overseer.
According to the article Bishop, "Bishop comes from the Greek word episkopos (επίσκοπος, from επι "over" and σκοπος "seeing"). It can be generally translated bishop, overseer, superintendent, supervisor, the first, leader or foreman. From the word episkopos are derived the English words episcopacy, episcopate and episcopal."

Based on this, I changed User:Wachowich's edit See archived version, which included the Greek version of Episkopon, defining it as 'overlord', to a definition stating 'overseer'. I did this anonymously because I wasn't signed in. Sorry. Shagmaestro 03:42, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Works for me; for the purposes of a neutral point of view in the article, the word ‘overseer’ is lacking in any unwanted heavy connotations. However, for the purposes of factual accuracy and precision of definition, the issue goes unresolved.  It seems to me that the key to arriving at such a definition lies in finding the exact meaning of the suffix –σκοπων, which I am presuming differs, however perhaps slightly from the suffix –σκοπος (note particularly the distinction between omega in the former and omicron in the latter).  Is there anyone here with enough knowledge of Greek to give a definitive answer?

 * It should also be noted that at least one source (Hill’s radio program) claims that the word is fabricated, based on English religious terminology of Greek origin, like the word Episcopal. Wachowich

Trinity College James Bond Society
I don't quite understand the reason why this should be included in the page. Wikipedia is not a collection of every fact in the world. Sure, it's a levied club at Trinity, but is it really notable enough to feature inclusion in the main article?--Sycron 02:58, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

 * TCJBS is LEVIED?! What on earth? I agree that it's probably not notable enough to be included.  See the Harvard College for an example of a good club list.  Most of those clubs are their own articles though.  Anyways, vote to remove.  --Shagmaestro 02:45, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

 * tcjbs is _not_ levied —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.151.162.209 (talk) 01:13, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

Is Episkopon satirical?
The user BotleySmith and myself seem to be in disagreement regarding a few words of the Episkopon subsection of this article. I assert that it should read along the lines of:

 * Episkopon (Greek: Επισκοπων, meaning 'overseer') is a highly controversial yet somewhat satirical secret society that was founded at Trinity College in 1858. In 1992, Episkopon dissociated itself from the college following allegations of racism and homophobia. Despite official policies prohibiting Episkopon from engaging in any activities on college property, the society continues to play a significant role in undergraduate life at Trinity.

The point of contention is the wording ‘yet somewhat satirical’ in the first sentence. This wording has been removed by BotleySmith on multiple occasions without the matter having been referred to the talk page. I reinserted it with my justification noted on one occasion, however now having found my edit to have been reverted I believe a forum for discussion of this matter is in order.

I assert that the wording ‘yet somewhat satirical’ is essential for a full, yet conscise, representation of the role of Episkopon at Trinity. It cannot be denied that Episkopon has been the subject of at least two media scandals during the 1990s and is, and has always been, viewed with some apprehention by some Trinity students. However, this article would do a disservice to Trinity college, the reader and the principles of Wikipedia itself if it did not acknowlege that Episkopon is dearly beloved by many members of college, not just its executive membership but many others as well who understand the principles behind it and the role it is designed to play. Its readings are some of the best attended events associated with the college, with as many as four hundred people in attendance on some occasions. They are not only popular with current students, but also with alumni. This popularity does not stem from any kind of compusion or threat, but rather the comic value of the institution. Episkopon could be reasonably referred to as a local stand up comidy troop as much as a secret society. It is nothing less than an act of melicious bias through ommission and selection to fail to note this in the article.

Also, with regards to its reflection in the main article on the subject. I would like to be so bold as to direct your attention to the first sentence of Episkopon. For further documentation, there is a considerable amount of information regarding the society in the cintennial issue of the Trinity Review cited in other sections. That considered, I have reinserted ‘yet somewhat satirical’ with that as a reference. If you have any further notions regarding this matter, please note them here, rather than reverting my edit. Wachowich 18:39, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Your personal assertions aside, the source given does not support this reading. Trinity Review's self-published centennial cannot be relied upon to accurately depict any non-historical matter that is relevant today, some fifty-five years after its publication. A credible source — one published during the lifetimes of most current undergraduates' parents, perhaps — must back up any commentary on the organization's current activities. BotleySmith 00:51, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Agree with Botley. The only source that might be available here is the Declan Hill story - and even then, that was from 1993. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Sycron (talk • contribs) 15:03, 29 April 2007 (UTC).

 * Okay, I'm taking it out then. BotleySmith 17:18, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

Is absolutely satirical, see the discussion of Archibald Lampton role as Scribe at University of Western Ontario's Canadian Poetry site. http://www.uwo.ca/english/canadianpoetry/confederation/Archibald%20Lampman/essays_reviews/editorial_notes.htm After quick google, the organization seems to describe itself as satirical, and satire is nearly always determined by intent, whether it is good satire is another matter. Leftoverboy (talk) 18:33, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

GA fail
I have reviewed the article and I have decided to fail this article. There are numerous probolems in regards to points 1 and 2 on WP:WIAGA. I chose not to place this article on hold, because of both the large amount of references required and more significantly, that citation needed tags were in the article. The following is a list of suggestions that need to be addressed before renominating for GA.

 * Please add references to support claims made in the following:

''Of the seven colleges, Trinity has the highest proportion of students who graduate with "Distinction" or with "High Distinction", and the majority of Trinity students go on to pursue professional or graduate degrees. The college is also well known for striving to continue an old fashioned Oxbridge-type atmosphere including mandating the wearing of gowns at dinner and, until 2005, preserving sex segregation in the residences. The college maintains a thoroughly Anglican flavour in both academic and daily life, even though many of the students that attend the college are not Anglican themselves.''

 * This reads POV. Remove or support with a reference:

The college was born into a turbulent period in colonial history

and again with 'somewhat odd position':

This left King's College in a somewhat odd position, and Strachan's support for the school vanished.

and again, 'strong Anglican lines':

This action incensed Strachan, who immediately set about creating a private school based on strong Anglican lines.

 * Remove pov and non encyclopedic statement:

Trinity College was a highly regarded school throughout the nineteenth century, and was (perhaps surprisingly) fairly progressive.

 * The following claim needs expanding, at least to make it fit, prose, with the sentances and references after it, staunch criticism from whom and what - finish the sentance.

''In the latter part of the twentieth century, longstanding college institutions and traditions began to face staunch criticism. ''

 * This needs referencing to support the events that took place:

''Thus, in 2004 the college board of trustees voted narrowly in favour of ending Trinity's long practice of same-sex residency. Beginning in 2005, large portions of Trinity's residences became home to people of both sexes. Corresponding changes to student government followed: regular gender-specific college meetings were eliminated, and in March 2007, the Trinity College Meeting (the highest student-run governing authority at the college) voted narrowly to end the practice of gender segregated voting, thus making all students eligible to vote for all elected positions, including those which are gender specific, such as the male and female Heads of College.''

 * The quadrange section doesnt flow at all, the statement about similar to other needs integrating, suggest rewrite:

''The back courtyard of the main Trinity building has long been a centre piece of student life at the college. At the original location of Trinity on Queen’s Street, the area backed on to an open ravine, still present at Trinity Bellwoods Park. Additions to Old Trinity began in 1877, with the erection of Convocation Hall to the north of the main entrance.[12] This, along with the erection of the Chapel in 1883, created east and west wings of the college. Thus in 1903 it was held that Trinity was deserving of a significant expansion to the north, forming a double quadrangle found throughout the constituent Oxbridge colleges.[12] However, after federation with the University of Toronto, it became clear that the relocation of Trinity to the grounds of UofT was a necessary reality, and thus hopes of a double quadrangle soon disappeared''

 * Citation needed reference tags must be answered and removed. A GA article can not have unreferenced citation tags within the article.

 * Please reference the source of this information:

''Built in the modified perpendicular Gothic style, the main chapel extends 100 feet to the reredos and is 47 feet high at the vault bosses. Using only stone, brick and cement, the architects employed Italian stonemasons using ancient building methods; the only steel in the construction is in the hidden girders supporting the slate roof. The exterior walls are of sandstone.''

 * The following claim should be removed - favoured place to study, by whom, for what, how many people use it. POV.:

''It is also, mostly during the daylight hours, a favoured place for students to study. Copies of select newspapers are available for viewing on a daily basis.''

 * Please reference the following, mostly in regards to the topic of the tapestry, source:

''Adorning the walls of the hall are portraits of important figures in the history of the college. The largest potraits, of Bishop Strachan and Provost Whitaker, Trinity's first provost, hang from the north wall. On the front wall of the hall, prominent behind the High Table, hangs a large mediaeval tapestry. This tapestry was woven in Flanders in the fourteenth century and is meant to depict the coming of the Queen of Sheba, from the biblical book of Kings.''

 * Where has this information come from, has it been copied? Please reference:

''The college was moved to a building on Shaw Street in 1889, then to a set of two larger houses on the same street in 1892, and in 1903 to a larger, purpose-built building on the main Trinity College grounds. In 1925, when Trinity College moved from its original location on Queen Street to the main University of Toronto campus, St. Hilda's College was moved to 99 St. George Street. The final move took place in 1938, when the current St. Hilda's building on Devonshire Place was opened. In 2005, the administration of Trinity College elected to end the practice of same-sex residency; as a result, St. Hilda's College now houses both men and women.''

 * Citation needed tag again! This time in academics suggest - please address.

 * The entire diviinity section needs several references, citation tags must be answered and a reqrite needed because at the moment it appears copyvio.

 * The Literary institute needs reference tags and edits for prose, style and pov: Consider the following, central role... Furthermore this section has a citation tag as well:

''The Trinity College Literary Institute (TCLI or, more commonly, "the Lit") predatesTrinity itself, and plays a central role in undergraduate student life at the College. ''

 * Where does the following information come from:

''A Trinity College Dramatic Club was first formed in 1892 at the University of Trinity College, apparently under the auspices of Lally McCarthy who graduated that year. The Dramatic Club produced plays in Toronto and toured Guelph, Woodstock, Brantford, and Hamilton in 1894, which caused the club to bankrupt itself later that year. The club re-emerged as the Dramatic Society, producing “Two Modern English Plays” in 1919, but its “Annual Productions” did not begin until 1921. It was in that year that the Dramatic Society was first able to use Hart House as a performance venue.''

 * Again another claim suggesting that something is an important part of student/college life. More importantly please reference the claim for racism, homophobia etc:

''In 1992, Episkopon dissociated itself from the college following allegations of racism and homophobia. Despite official policies prohibiting Episkopon from engaging in any activities on college property, the society continues to play a significant role in undergraduate life at Trinity.''

These are just a few suggestions. After points that need addressing throughout the article including grammar errors and reference tags need to go immediately after punctuation.An example of this would be the film section where the reference should go after the claim, information given (not in the middle of the sentance). Also, many people claim, who are these people? The author of the source? Please explain further. Finally the logo of the university has no fair use rationale, this is essential for GA. I hope you are able to address these issues and if you need to discuss the points raised please leave me a message. Thanks

LordHarris 14:57, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much for taking the time to review the article. Your input is truly invaluable.--Sycron 17:30, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Trincrest.png
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BetacommandBot 19:33, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

Per Capital Endowment
Trinity and Victoria have pretty comparable per capita endowments, and without solid proof of which is higher (if such proof is actually possible) I think we should avoid making such strong claims as "this college is the wealthiest per-student institution in the country". Also the term "institution" sounds kind of weasel-ly to me. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.100.151.111 (talk) 02:15, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

Trinity's per student endowment is quite easy to calculate. Divide the endowment by the number of full-time students. It is not, as claimed, $57000, but much closer to $38,000. It is thus not far higher than any other school in Canada. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.235.220.80 (talk) 23:29, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

While the above comment might correctly reflect the per capita endowment available at Trinity for its students, the per-Trinity-student endowment is indeed closer to $57,000; and I think that this latter value is more what people mean when they talk about per capita endowments. Trinity students are also students of the University of Toronto, which (I believe) has a separate endowment. So the total per capita endowment of Trinity students would be Trinity's endowment divided by the number of Trinity students, plus the University of Toronto's endowment divided by the number of U of T students. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.150.48.161 (talk) 21:48, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:Davies Rebel Angels.JPG
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 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --02:48, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Toronto Star Controversy
Specifically citing the Toronto Star article and the recent criticisms it made seems redundant when the organization is itself labled (correctly) as controversial in the preceding paragraph. Perhaps this source could be added as a further citation but does not merit a paragraph on its own as that suggests a less than neutral POV. Moreover, the source itself is of questionable validity as its input came primarily from hearsay and without any input from members of the Episkopon itself. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Voxpacem (talk • contribs) 17:51, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. It looks like the consensus was already building momentum at the time this was relisted a week ago. No new opposition has arose, but more support has. UtherSRG (talk) 21:55, 25 March 2012 (UTC)

University of Trinity College → Trinity College, Toronto – Relisted. Not sure if there is a consensus for an alternative title at this point. Vegaswikian (talk) 18:19, 18 March 2012 (UTC) This page should be moved to "Trinity College, Toronto", because "University of Trinity College" is an incorrect misnomer often used by students, but not the legal or official name. The actual name is simply "Trinity College". This is used on all legal documents including charitable returns (Link) and on Trinity's own website (see the copyright notice at the bottom of the page). However, the page cannot be moved to "Trinity College, Toronto" at present because THAT article redirects back to University of Trinity College Kenojuak37 (Talk | Contribs) 19:30, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose Both forms are used throughout the college statutes, and some older documents reflect the currency of the usage "Trinity University" (cf. Victoria University in the University of Toronto) as well. Carolynparrishfan (talk) 03:24, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Alternative use Trinity College, University of Toronto or Trinity College (University of Toronto) . It is a component college of UofT, so indicating it is better than simply "Toronto", which to me seems to be the wrong disambiguator (the city instead of the university) 70.24.251.71 (talk) 04:28, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Support Trinity College (University of Toronto). We should disambiguate by institution, not by city in this case. Good Ol’factory (talk) 08:37, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment - The "Toronto" in "Trinity College, Toronto" refers to the University of Toronto not the City of Toronto, although obviously the university is itself named after the city. This is clear from the context. Does "Oxford" in Trinity College, Oxford or "Cambridge" in Trinity College, Cambridge refer to the universities, or the cities with which they share the same names? The same can be said for King's College London or University College, Durham, or any university named after a city. Jphillips23 (talk) 01:22, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Strongly Oppose the proposed changes. I think we should keep the present title. It is true that the traditional name is not much in favour these days, but it has been in use for 150 years: The notion that this usage is simply an "incorrect misnomer" seems to me unsubstantiated. And it is by no means used only by students (though students are often perhaps more inclined to defend the traditional culture of the institution than faculty or administrators); "The University of Trinity College" was the official usage for most of the institution's history. An even more serious error is the assertion, which is entirely without foundation, that Trinity is a "component college" of UofT. It is not a CONSTITUENT college like University, New, or Innis but rather a FEDERATED college like Victoria or St Michael's. There are important legal and historical differences. The important thing to be clear about is that Trinity has been since it received its Charter in 1853 a university with the power to grant degrees. It has indeed a relation, a close relation, to the University of Toronto, but it is not part of it. Personaggi (talk) 09:57, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment "The University of Trinity College, informally referred to as Trin, is a college of the University of Toronto, founded in 1851 by Bishop John Strachan." -- the first sentence "is a college of", indicates being part of, and therefore a component of. "a federated college of", so, is it under the umbrella of UofT or not? From your link, it appears they are part of UofT, and not merely an allied institution (viz, the former Loyola College in Montreal (now part of Concordia University) that issued degrees from UdeM, or other colleges in Quebec that need to be allied with an accredited university to issue degrees) It looks much like Colleges that are part of Universities in Britain. 70.24.251.71 (talk) 10:51, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
 * But do English colleges have their own degree-granting authority? If not, that would be a major difference. Carolynparrishfan (talk) 14:29, 15 March 2012 (UTC)
 * It's really not any different from the case of the Oxbridge colleges, which are all legally separate from the university. That's typical for a collegiate university. The legal technicalities are interesting, but they don't really have much to do with naming Wikipedia articles in a sensible way. Jphillips23 (talk) 01:46, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, I would have to think that degree-granting authority would be relevant, if indeed not definitive, to the distinction between a university and college. Carolynparrishfan (talk) 03:58, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Support - Per WP:COMMONNAME. In modern times, simply "Trinity College" is used much more than the full name. Renaming to "Trinity College, Toronto" makes the naming system consistent with the rest of the U of T colleges and the standard convention used at most other universities. For comparison see the titles for Trinity College, Cambridge, Trinity College, Oxford, Trinity College, Dublin, or any other Oxbridge college. Trinity College, Oxford's full official name is in fact "The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford, of the foundation of Sir Thomas Pope (Knight)", but obviously the official name is not the common name. Jphillips23 (talk) 01:10, 19 March 2012 (UTC)
 * REname in one of the ways suggested, to distinguish it from Trinity College, Cambridge, Trinity College, Oxford, Trinity College, Dublin, and any others. Trinity College, Toronto would be consistent with Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin without the necessity for anything longer.  Peterkingiron (talk) 14:45, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Salterrae
Just to clarify about Salterrae -- it had a previous incarnation to the present one. When I attended Trinity in the mid-1960s, Salterrae was a Gestetnered 'newspaper', affectionately considered a 'rag' since it consisted mostly of humorously-written gossip. A favourite recollection of mine of Salterrae was the editor's account of being part of a group invited for tea with Melinda Seaman in her residence at St Hilda's College -- it contained the line "Was that a hair from Miss Seaman's pussy I saw on her couch?" Miss Seaman was Dean Of Snilda's at the time (not sure of her exact title) and had a white cat. Markcymru (talk) 23:48, 1 February 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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I have just modified 8 external links on Trinity College, Toronto. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182034/http://www.trinlife.org/trinlife/Trinlife%202004%20ONLINE.pdf to http://www.trinlife.org/trinlife/Trinlife%202004%20ONLINE.pdf
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title: Talk:Trinity College, Toronto


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/High schools in Pennsylvania

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was ambiguous. I count 7 clear "delete" votes, 3 clear "keep" votes and one "move". Failing to reach a clear concensus to delete, the article is kept for now. Rossami (talk) 23:35, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

High schools in Pennsylvania
One in a series. This is what categories are for. --BM 19:29, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * delete; an article on "Education in Pennsylvania" would be welcome however Mozzerati 21:53, 2005 Feb 2 (UTC)
 * Keep. There are lists of prisons, universities, an god knows what on Wikipedia. There's no reason for deletion. (Note: There are many High Schools that are proposed for deletion also) Beta_M talk, |contrib ( Ë-Mail )
 * Delete. Worthless unless complete; far too long if complete. —Korath (Talk) 13:44, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Lists are good for things that are not very notable and hard to create keepable articles about. bbx 17:20, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. My comments are the same as in the current VfD on High schools in Connecticut.  If Bbx is right that these lists are a way to circumvent VfD decisions to delete articles about non-notable high schools, that is all the more reason not to have these lists.  --BM
 * Delete unmaintainable lists. As pointed out, we have categories for this. Jayjg (talk) 22:52, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unwieldly and unencyclopedic.  Wikipedia is not a general knowledge base.  Even if all schools are determined at some point to be notable, a better system than this would be needed to manage the information. Indrian 19:17, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There are categories for a reason. Carrp | Talk 18:20, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Use a category. Wile E. Heresiarch 08:31, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * As per the lengthy reasoning given in Votes for deletion/High schools in Connecticut: Move to the correct List of high schools in X form, Keep with the cautions that Wikipedia is not a repository of links and Wikipedia is not a directory, and send to Cleanup for all but one of the articles which do not meet the standard of ("List of") High schools in Connecticut and simply do not contain enough data to meet the purpose of lists. Uncle G 13:41, 2005 Feb 7 (UTC)
 * Keep and allow for organic growth. GRider\talk 22:23, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
George S. Greene

George Sears Greene (May 6, 1801 – January 28, 1899) was a civil engineer and a Union general during the American Civil War. He was part of the Greene family of Rhode Island, which had a record of distinguished military service to the United States. He first served in the Army from 1823 to 1836 after graduating second from his class at West Point. As a civilian, he was one of the founders of the American Society of Civil Engineers and Architects and was responsible for numerous railroads and aqueduct construction projects in the northeastern United States.

After 25 years as a civilian, he rejoined the Army to fight in the American Civil War. Despite his age, he quickly rose up the ranks and was appointed a brigadier general in early 1862. During the war, he took part in the Northern Virginia Campaign, the Battle of Antietam, and the Battle of Chancellorsville. His most notable contribution during the war was his defense of the Union right flank at Culp's Hill during the Battle of Gettysburg. He returned to engineering work after the war until his death in 1899.

Early life
Greene was born in Apponaug, Rhode Island, one of nine children of Caleb and Sarah Robinson (Greene) Greene. His family had roots in the founding of Rhode Island and in the American Revolutionary War, including General Nathanael Greene, George's second cousin. Caleb was a financially shrewd ship owner and merchant, but the Embargo Act of 1807, which prohibited U.S. vessels from carrying goods to other countries, and the War of 1812 left his family in financial difficulties. Young George attended Wrentham Academy and then a Latin grammar school in Providence and hoped to attend Brown University there, but his impoverished father could not afford it, so he moved to New York City and found work in a dry goods store on Pearl Street.

In the New York store, Greene met Major Sylvanus Thayer, superintendent of the United States Military Academy, who recommended him to the Secretary of War for appointment to the academy. Greene entered West Point at age 18 and graduated second of 35 cadets in the class of 1823. Top graduates of the academy generally chose the Engineers as their branch, but Greene decided on the artillery and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Artillery Regiment. However, due to his excellent academic performance, he stayed at the academy until 1827 as an assistant professor of mathematics and as a principal assistant professor of engineering. One of the students he taught during this period was Cadet Robert E. Lee.

In the summer of 1828 Greene married Mary Elizabeth Vinton, sister of his best friend at West Point, David Vinton. Elizabeth gave birth to three children over the next four years: Mary Vinton, George Sears, and Francis Vinton Greene. While assigned to Fort Sullivan in Eastport, Maine, in 1833, tragedy struck Greene's family: Elizabeth and all three of their children died within seven months, probably from tuberculosis. To ease the pain on his mind and to escape the isolation and loneliness of peacetime Army garrison duty, he immersed himself in study of both the law and medicine, coming close to professional certification in both by the time he resigned his commission in 1836 to become a civil engineer.

Greene built railroads in six states and designed municipal sewage and water systems for Washington, D.C., Detroit, and several other cities. In New York City, he designed the Croton Aqueduct reservoir in Central Park and the enlarged High Bridge over the Harlem River. He was one of twelve founders in New York City of the American Society of Civil Engineers and Architects. While on a trip to Maine for railroad surveying, he met Martha Barrett Dana, daughter of Samuel Dana, a prominent Massachusetts politician. They were married in Charlestown, Massachusetts, on February 21, 1837. They had six children together, including four sons (three of them later served in the military), one daughter, and one son who died in infancy.

Civil War
Despite being over 60 years old and having been out of the Army for 25 years, the crisis of the Union compelled Greene to seek to rejoin the service. He was essentially apolitical and was not an abolitionist, but he was a firm believer in restoring the Union. He was appointed colonel of the 60th New York Volunteer Infantry on January 18, 1862. The regiment of upstate New Yorkers had been dissatisfied with their colonel and the company commanders had petitioned for his removal. Governor Edwin D. Morgan, although initially reluctant to appoint Greene because of his age, saw his 13 years of regular army experience as a solution to his political/military problem. During this period, Governor John A. Andrew of Massachusetts was also prepared to offer Greene a regiment, but Greene chose to serve New York. The officers of the 60th were dismayed when the elderly, gray-haired man reported for duty. They had requested that their lieutenant colonel be promoted, which would have raised many of them in rank themselves. On April 28, 1862, Greene was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and served on the staff of Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks in the Shenandoah Valley campaign against Stonewall Jackson. At age 61, Greene was one of the oldest generals in the Union army and his troops took to calling him "Old Man" or "Pap" Greene. (There were actually 17 general officers in the Civil War older than Greene. ) However, his age did not keep him from being one of the most aggressive commanders in the army. He commanded the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, II Corps, of the Army of Virginia at the Battle of Cedar Mountain during the Northern Virginia Campaign. Attacked by a Confederate force three times the size of his own, Greene and his men refused to give ground, holding out until the neighboring Union units were forced to withdraw. His division commander, Brig. Gen. John W. Geary, received a severe wound during the action and Greene took command of the division temporarily.

Greene was again temporarily elevated to command of his division, now designated part of the XII Corps of the Army of the Potomac, at the Battle of Antietam. His division's three brigades were led by junior officers who had survived Cedar Mountain. Even though XII Corps commander Brig. Gen. Joseph K. Mansfield was killed shortly after the fighting began, Greene led a crushing attack against the Confederates near the Dunker Church, achieving the farthest penetration of Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson's lines of any Union unit. Under immense pressure, Greene held his small division (only 1,727 men engaged at the start of the day) in advance of the rest of the army for four hours, but eventually withdrew after suffering heavy losses. While the division was posted to Harpers Ferry, Greene took a three-week sick leave. Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard speculated that Greene, like many of his fellow officers, was sickened by the stench of dead and wounded at Antietam. When he returned, there was a new division commander, Brig. Gen. Geary. Greene was disgruntled that Geary, with only a few days seniority over him, was selected for the post; Geary had been wounded at Cedar Mountain and his combat record was not as good, but his political connections and a sentiment that a wounded officer should not be set back in his career unnecessarily, gave him the nod.

Greene resumed command of the 3rd Brigade, which was involved in minor skirmishes in northern Virginia and not engaged at the Battle of Fredericksburg in December. At the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, his brigade was in the center of the line. When the Union right—the XI Corps—collapsed, Greene's brigade was subjected to enfilade artillery fire and then infantry assaults. He had ordered his men to fortify their positions 200 yd to their front using abatis and trenches and they were able to hold out against several Confederate assaults, although losing 528 men of 2,032 engaged. During part of the battle, Greene once again assumed temporary command of the division when Geary was wounded again.

Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg was the highlight of Greene's military career. On July 2, 1863, Maj. Gen. George G. Meade shifted almost the entire XII Corps from the Union right to strengthen the left flank, which was under heavy attack. Greene's lone brigade of 1,350 New Yorkers (five regiments) was left to defend a one-half-mile line on Culp's Hill when an entire Confederate division attacked. Fortunately, Greene had previously demonstrated good sense (as befits a civil engineer) by insisting that his troops construct strong field fortifications, despite a lack of interest in doing so from his division commander, Geary, and corps commander, Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum. In Greene's finest moment of the war, his preparations proved decisive and his brigade held off multiple attacks for hours. He was active throughout the engagement, rallying his men to defend their positions in the darkness. Brig. Gen. Alpheus Williams, acting corps commander on July 2, commended Greene for his "skill and judgment" in this defense, especially in his using the "advantages" of his position. Late at night, the rest of the XII Corps returned to Culp's Hill. The fighting resumed the next morning and raged for over seven hours, but the Union troops held Culp's Hill. They regained some of the lost ground and thwarted renewed Confederate attacks. The battle for Culp's Hill included the two oldest generals in each army, Greene at 62 and Brig. Gen. William "Extra Billy" Smith at 65.

The desperate fighting on the Union right flank was as important as the more famous defense of the Union left flank on July 2, by Col. Strong Vincent's brigade on Little Round Top. In fact, given that the Union line was only 400 yd from the vital Union supply line on the Baltimore Pike, it can be argued that it was more important. However, Greene's contributions to this critical battle have never been widely heralded, principally because of a dispute between Meade and Slocum over the filing of their official reports. But a member of Greene's brigade wrote:

"Had the breastworks not been built, and had there only been the thin line of our unprotected brigade, that line must have been swept away like leaves before the wind, by the oncoming of so heavy a mass of troops, and the [Baltimore] pike would have been reached by the enemy."

Western Theater
In the fall of 1863, the XII Corps was transferred to the West to reinforce the Union forces besieged at Chattanooga. At the Battle of Wauhatchie, during a surprise night attack by the Confederate forces, Greene was wounded in the face, with his jaw crushed and some teeth carried away. Subsequent surgery was not able to correct his condition and he suffered from the effects of his wound for the rest of his life. After six weeks of medical leave, he was assigned to light court-martial duty until January 1865, when he was sent to join Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman's army in North Carolina. Initially Greene voluntarily served on the staff of Maj. Gen. Jacob D. Cox participating in the battle at Kinston, where he had his horse shot out from under him. At the very end of the war Greene was in command of the 3rd Brigade in Absalom Baird's 3rd Division, XIV Corps, and participated in the capture of Raleigh and the pursuit of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army until its surrender.

Postbellum career
After the war, Greene served on court-martial duty for a year and then returned to civil engineering in New York and Washington, D.C. From 1867 to 1871 he was the chief engineer commissioner of the Croton Aqueduct Department in New York. At the age of 86, he inspected the entire 30-mile Croton Aqueduct structure on foot. He served as president of the American Society of Civil Engineers from 1875 to 1877 and president of the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society. He was appointed to West Point's Board of Visitors in 1881.

By 1892, Greene was the oldest surviving Union general and the oldest living graduate of West Point. He petitioned the United States Congress for an engineer captain's pension that would be of help to his family after his death. The best that Congress was willing to do was arranged by Congressman and Gettysburg veteran Daniel E. Sickles of New York, a first lieutenant's pension, based on the highest rank Greene had achieved in the regular army. On August 18, 1894, Greene took the oath of office as a first lieutenant of artillery and became, at 93, the oldest lieutenant in the U.S. Army for 48 hours. Veterans in the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) declared that he was the oldest lieutenant in world history.

Legacy
Greene died at age 97 in Morristown, New Jersey, and was buried in the Greene family cemetery in Warwick, Rhode Island, with a two-ton boulder from Culp's Hill placed above his grave. He is memorialized with a statue erected in 1906 by the State of New York on Culp's Hill in Gettysburg National Military Park.

Greene's wife Martha died in 1883 at an age of 74. Their oldest son, Lieutenant Samuel Dana Greene, was the executive officer on the ironclad ship USS Monitor during the Battle of Hampton Roads. Another of their sons, Francis V. Greene, commanded a brigade at the Battle of Manila during the Spanish–American War. A third, Charles Thurston Greene, was a lieutenant on his father's staff at Culp's Hill. Later in 1863, Charles was wounded by an artillery shell and his leg was amputated, but he remained on active service until 1870. George Sears Greene, Jr., volunteered to serve but was not allowed to do so by his father so he could survive and carry on the family name.

A memorial tablet honoring Greene was approved by the Rhode Island General Assembly in 1910 at a sum of 460 dollars. The bronze plaque hangs inside the south entrance of the Rhode Island State House.

A description of George Sears Greene from Lt. George K. Collins of the 149th New York Infantry sums up the general:

title: George S. Greene


text:
User:Sympleko

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Ganpatipule

Ganpatipule (Marathi : गणपतीपुळे) is a coastal town in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. Due to its Ganpati mandir the town is popular Hindu pilgrimage and tourists destination.

The town is situated near Ratnagiri city which is seat of its namesake district, Chiplun town is located its north side.

Etymology
According to local folklore, the Hindu god Ganpati, taking umbrage at a remark made by a native lady, moved to Pulé पुळे from his original abode of Gulé. Thus the region was named Ganpati-pulé.

The 400-year-old Ganpati idol at Ganpatipule is said to have sprung up from the soil.

Ganpatipule mandir
Ganpatipule town is situated approximately 375 km. south of Mumbai city, along the Konkan Coast. It is situated in a small town which have about 100 houses. The beach present near the town is a popular tourist destination.

The Ganpatipudhe temple has Swayambhu murti. Every year thousands of devotees across Maharashtra visit the temple. The murti is facing West, Ganapatipule town is rich in flora, it has plenty of mangroves and coconut trees.

The town is governed by the Ganapatipule Grampanchayat.

Climate
After March, the temperature starts rising but rarely crosses 30 °C. May is the hottest month, with temperatures reaching 40 °C. The monsoon lasts from June to October.

Demographics
Marathi is the most widely spoken language. Hindi and English are understood and spoken by many. There are Marathi medium schools run by Ganpatiphule Grampanchayat / Ratnagiri. The nearest college is at Malgund. There are many villages in Ganapatipule which are full of greenery. The main occupation of the villagers is agriculture and service business. Rice and coconut are the most common crops in this area. Many festivals are celebrated along the Konkan Coast. Among the most significant are Gauri Ganpati and Magh Chaturthi (the fourth day of the lunar month of Magh).

Tourism
With the development of tourism, a number of resorts and hotels have opened in this small town, the most significant of which is the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation resort near the beach. Other resorts and spas include Greenleaf Resort, Abhishek Beach Resort and Spa, Areopagus Spa, and The Blue Ocean Resort and Spa, Hotel Heramb in Ganpatipule and also a few smaller hotels also Bhakt Nivas available for tourist in this town.

Nearby places
The village of Velneshwar, situated north of the Shastri River, has its own peaceful, coconut-fringed beach, where one can relax in tranquility. The village comes alive each year during the Maha Shivaratri fair, when pilgrims in large numbers visit the Old Shiva Temple. According to folklore, a fisherman had found a statue in his net which he had promptly thrown back into the sea. He again found the statue back in his net. Angered by this he banged the statue on a stone, but the statue started bleeding. The fisherman picked up the statue and placed it in a small temple which then grew into the Velneshwar Shiva Temple.

About 26 km from Ganapatipule lies the district headquarters town of Ratnagiri. This region has a long illustrious past and is even mentioned in Indian mythology.

Malgund, a small village 1 km away from Ganpatipule, is known as the birthplace of the Marathi poet Keshavasuta, born in 1866. He is regarded as a poet who heralded the dawn of modern Marathi poetry. There is a monument at Malgund dedicated to his work and also a museum where one can find information on most of the modern-day poets of the Marathi language.

Resting on a cliff, at the entrance of the Sangameshwar river, just 20 km from Ganapatipule, is Jaigad Fort. This 16th-century fort offers a view of the sea and of Konkan village life. A 15 km back road connects Ganpatipule to Jaigad via Malgund.

Besides its natural environment, Pawas is well known for the Ashram of Swami Swaroopanand, a spiritual leader who influenced an entire generation of Maharashtrians. The distance from Ratnagiri to Pawas is approximately 20 km. There are extensive views from the lighthouse, around 6–7 km from Jaigad Fort. It was completed in 1932 and is still completely operational and serving on the coast. Around 13.7 km north on route to Jaigad Fort from Ganpatipule Ganesh temple is the newly built Jai Vinayak temple. The temple has pagoda-style architecture. The temple was built in 2003 by JSW group when they launched their thermal power project at Jaigad.

Transportation
The town has a small bus stand, State transport buses to Kolhapur Pune are available town is easily accessible from the port city of Ratnagiri, which also has a railway station and an airport.

Road
Ganapatipule is 32 km from Nivali, a small village on Mumbai Goa Road (NH 17). From Nivali, one has to turn right for Ganapatipule. The distance from Nivali to Ratnagiri is around 20 km. The distance from Nivali to Hatkhamba is around 4 km. From Hatkhamba one has to take a right turn for Ratnagiri, which is 16 km from here. Sangameshwar is about 25 km from Nivali and 45 km from Chiplun. From Ganapatipule one can approach Ratnagiri directly without coming to Nivali and going through Hatkhamba. The direct road has many more turns and is narrow compared to NH-17. That distance is around 30 km. Mumbai is 375 km away via Mahad, and Pune is 331 km away via Satara. For fast journeys, Ganapatipule is also connected with other cities by state transport buses. Buses are available from major cities like Mumbai, Pune, Sangli, Kolhapur and Solapur to Ratnagiri. From Ratnagiri, private cabs also ply to the town.

Bus
There are frequent buses from the MSRTC Bus Station (Ratnagiri) to Ganapatipule via Ratnagiri Railway Station, Nevade Road and MSRTC Bus Station (Ratnagiri) to Ganapatipule via Ratnagiri Railway Station, Nevade Road, Malgund. One can reach Ganapatipule faster by taking the MSRTC City Bus from Ratnagiri Railway Station to MSRTC Bus Station (Ratnagiri) and then changing buses there to a bus to Ganapatipule via Arevare. There are MSRTC buses from Mumbai, Pimpri-Chinchawad, Pune, Swarget (Pune), Miraj, Chiplun, Deorukh Sawantwadi (only seasonal), and Panjim (only seasonal).

Private buses ply between Mumbai / Pune to Ganpatipule via Ratnagiri. Neeta Travels : Borivali (Mumbai) to Ganpatipule via Ratnagiri. Purple Travels (MTDC) : Borivali (Mumbai) to Ganpatipule via Ratnagiri.

Train
There is no railway station at Ganapatipule. The nearest railway stations are at Ratnagiri and Bhoke. All the express, passenger trains stop at Ratnagiri, being a city. Bhoke is a small village and only Dadar passenger trains will stop there.

title: Ganpatipule