text:
Talk:Spell checker

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History
I think the history section could do with a re-write. "The spell command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX". UNIX Version 6 came out in 1975 (http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html). I suggest that the section is qualified with personal computers and references to UNIX and VMS are removed. Philip Baird Shearer 17:41, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think anyone would mind if you be bold. I don't really know enough about the topic. Deco 03:06, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * As we are talking personal computers, I added in the TRS-80, which was at least as significant as CP/M at the time. I could point to a contemporary article on TRS-80 spell checkers, but its in a big PDF file.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hellinar (talk • contribs) 23:46, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

Inline Spellchecking
In the late '80s there was small a word-processor called PC Write that would click at you (once) whenever you finished typing a word it didn't recognize. After that once incident, in-line spell-checking disappeared for a long time (requiring scanning as a regular chore) until it appeared in (I think) a Windows 3.1-era MS Word edition was released that featured the jaggy red lines that are now everywhere and are standard practice. This was a major development in spell checker interface design, and there should be a chapter, at least in the history section, that talks about it.

Myself, I'm a lazy bastard, but if this is left alone and no one objects, I'll write up a blurb and leave it to someone else to verify it or find citations. Uriel-238 (talk) 19:22, 8 May 2013 (UTC)

Spell checker → Spelling checker
Maybe Harry Potter needs the former, muggles need the latter. Jordi·✆ 11:22, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * While it seems "spell checker" is more frequently used, the pedant in me agrees with you. — Ливай | ☺ 12:55, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, if it really is a US/UK difference as Tony Sidaway claims. — Ливай | ☺ 23:41, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. With more and more dictionaries including the verb "spellcheck" (used in the article itself, in fact) the (by far) more common term wins out.  ADH (t&m) 13:03, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, it's called spell checker everywhere. Grue 13:54, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Wikipedia is descriptive, not proscriptive.  dbenbenn | talk 15:26, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * And how is keeping it at one spelling variant ("spell variant") more non-"proscriptive" than keeping at the other? Jordi·✆ 15:34, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose This is a British/US variant issue. It cannot be solved by moving from one variant to the other--leave it where it is and document the variants in the article (which has been done). --Tony Sidaway|Talk 16:11, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, questioning whether there is (now - maybe there was once) a British/US distinction, and noting that the article is in category "spelling checking programs". "Spell check/er" is now dominant usage. Rd232 00:08, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose This is not a British/US variant issue. Spell checker is the commoner name everywhere. -- Derek Ross | Talk 18:59, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * "spell checker" is not "by far" the most common term, it is more common due to widespread illiteracy and the fact that those who use the correct term commonly include the incorrect one as well, but not the other way round. If Wikipedia is "descriptive and not proscriptive", then it should mention the fact that "spell checker" is widely considered wrong.
 * Oppose. We've moved this back and forth enough already. Feel free to add a brief mention of popular disagreement over the proper name. Deco 10:29, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

 * If the article is titled “Spell checker”, shouldn’t the article reflect that by using the same spelling? Otherwise it should be moved to “Spelling checker”, which as of this writing is the spelling that the article actually uses. —Frungi 01:34, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Poem Edited
I don't know if we're allowed to change the poem or not, I really liked it but I made a couple of alterations.

"Key" was spelt correctly, even tho the word "Quay" (as in what you may find at a harbour) is pronounce exactly the same. Also the "and" that followed "key/quay" has been changed to "an".
 * I'm going to change this back, if only because the word "quay" is not widely known and its pronunciation is not obvious. Also, we're really trying to exhibit one of commonly circulated versions, not generate our own version. Deco 01:40, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * "the word "quay" is not widely known and its pronunciation is not obvious" What part of the world do you live in, that 'quay' is not a well-known word?
 * I never heard of it. I live in California. — Daniel 04:35, 15 February 2006 (UTC)
 * The word "quay" is used far more (based on the number of results from a Google search) than place names that you've probably heard of, like Monterey Prowsej (talk) 18:36, 1 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Illinois. I seriously would've read "Quay" as "Kway" if I hadn't seen this discussion. I suppose one way to overcome the familiarity barrier is to make it into a wikilink, but to look up the pronunciation of words in this poem would kind of be counterproductive. Pottersson (talk) 19:11, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

On the poem
The poem in this page belongs to someone. The question is who. The first version I encountered came on a piece of paper I found on a desk at the grade school I was attending at the time. The second version - which is probably the original - was published in The Journal of Irreproducible Results. The third version (the one in this article) appears to be the product of exstensive wiki editing. -Litefantastic 18:54, 3 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree that the poem has to be attributed. My little search reveals the following: The poem was written by Jerrold H. Zar on 29 June 1992, under the title "Candidate for a Pullet Surprise".  According to Zar, he was inspired by a single-stanza poem written by Mark Eckman.  Zar's original poem had 9 stanzas but did not include as many spelling errors as the version currently on the Wikipedia page.  Zar himself claims to have written the poem in 1992, but it has also been published (under his name) in a journal in 1994.   At best, I think the Wikipedia page should attribute the poem to him. -- 41.177.9.98 (talk) 10:00, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

On the poem's note
The spellchecker for Microsoft Office Word 2002, for example, can and does check grammar. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Aleph2.0 (talk • contribs).
 * To be precise, the spell checker (red squiggle) and grammar checker (green squiggle) are two separate pieces of software in Word. --Mikko Silvonen 10:54, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

A little off topic: Spell Checking Wiki entries
Is there any way to spell check as I make edits or create entries to the Wikipedia? I notice Yahoo Mail amd .Mac have nifty Javascript checkers within the browser edit window. --Navstar 06:10, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

 * To Navstar - Link suggestion and a suggestion for spell checking.

 * I would like to suggest external links to the following sites which contain dictionary files for use with many of the spell checkers.

 * Hunspell/Myspell dictionaries - http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/Dictionaries
 * Australian English dictionaries Hunspell/Myspell/Aspell - http://www.justlocal.com.au/clients/oooau/
 * Aspell dictionaries - ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/aspell/dict/0index.html

 * For spell checking a Wikipedia entry the Australian English dictionaries page contains spell checking information for Internet Explorer, Opera and Firefox.

 * It is not appropriate in any case for me to add the links as I maintain the Australian English dictionary files.  Audictionary 12:26, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

Navstar, since you use .Mac, I assume you have a Mac. Any well-behaved app will spell check for you. As I type this, for instance, your name and .Mac are underlined in red. Edit menu -> Spelling -> Spelling… (⇧⌘:) should bring up the spell check window. —Frungi 13:53, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

On the use of the word 'phonetic'
In the Functionality section there is mention of the first spell checkers not being so helpful for logical or phonetic errors. I'm not sure how the word 'phonetic' applies here. Can anyone clarify? Novernae 04:39, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Not phonetic in the sense of the International Phonetic Alphabet, but in relation to homophones, examples like their/there, your/you're and bow/bough, which are very commonly confused; as well as ones with more restricted frequency, for example based on regional accent, such as one I saw on Wikipedia today, with all do respect.
 * Nuttyskin (talk) 15:55, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

Merging with grammar checker
Grammar checking softwares check spell + grammar. This is why Microsoft Word checker is a grammar checker, and not just a spell checker. There seems to be some confusion in the article. Many things here seem to be applicable to grammar checking so merging might be a good idea. Maybe we should rename the article language checker and merge it with grammar checker too. Hiogui 21:16, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose merge. Rationale: 1) spell check describes a subset of functionality that does not always come with grammar checking; 2) spell check is a common phrase that is used to indicate the operation of checking spelling (which does not necessarily coincide with checking grammar); 3) The feature of spell checking occurs in more kinds of software than just word processors (see e.g., text editor, IDE, search engine) and for these other kinds of software, the concept of 'grammar checking' may have dramatically different meaning, or even be meaningless; 4) all the other proposals are likely to be more confusing than benefitial. dr.ef.tymac 17:08, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Follow-up For an obvious example for why the merge is not a good idea, consider the following text:

"all yure base are belong to us"

 * if someone were to type that into a search engine, a *spellcheck* would help the user find what they intended to search for, however a *grammar* check would most likely not. dr.ef.tymac 17:22, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Added another Spell checker
I'm recommending SpellJax to be added to the list of external sites. It's free and has no advertising from what I can see. I found it through the TWiT podcast. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Stanleyshilov (talk • contribs) 03:26, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Remove Poem?
The "poem" in this article should be removed. It does not show a spell checker or help a reader understand what a spell checker is. It simply shows the fallibility of it. It could be considered POV because of its obvious message that spell checkers are simply put bad. I think a more appropriate image to place at the top of the article would be the image near the bottom of the article. That image shows an actual spell checker rather than a poem.. YaanchSpeak! 18:21, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

 * So far the only rationale you've offered for removing the poem is the POV claim. The other rationales you've given may justify adding another item, but they don't justify removing the 'poem'. Moreover, your POV claim seems like a statement of your personal opinion, since nothing in the text of the poem itself, or the caption, makes any kind of value-statement about spell-checkers at all, let alone an "obvious message" that "spell checkers are bad." Therefore, I'd answer "no" to your question. dr.ef.tymac 01:24, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with Yaanch. The point of the poem is to show the ineffectualness of spelling checkers, and to provoke laughter. The former violates NPOV (unless it’s moved to a to-be-created section about said ineffectualness), and the latter is irrelevant. Unless such a section is created, or a counterexample is provided, the poem doesn’t belong. —Frungi 14:10, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I also agree that it should be removed or moved below elsewhere in the article. To put what Yaanch says a different way, the poem can grossly misrepresent spell check software -- there is not a single word actually misspelled in the poem, but a lot of words that are the wrong ones (homophones).  In my opinion, the poem should be reduced to one or two stanzas, and placed under the functionality  heading.  The place that the poem occupies is the area usually used for example images, it should have an image of a spell check in action, not text that highlights a well known but understandable limitation.  The poem also comes with absolutely no reference as to its source. Underjack (talk) 14:10, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

Where's the article gone?
I was searching for information about spell(ing) checkers. Entering "spell checker", "spelling checker" or "spell checking program" in the search box takes me to a page with just 5 words: "Attached is the identified gaps". There's no redirection to anywhere else. Presumably there has been some kind of error, and not just a spelling error. By the way, it's not clear to me where I'm supposed to report this kind of thing in Wikipedia -- this Editing Talk seems to be the only possibility. Vic 23:44, 26 September 2007

Spell-checking other languages
I'm puzzled by the section entitled "Spell-checking other languages." I hesitate to edit it, though, in case I'm missing something. This sxn starts out:

"English is unusual in that most words used in formal writing have a single spelling that can be found in a typical dictionary, with the exception of some jargon and modified words."

It's true that most words used in formal writing can be found in typical dictionaries (with, I suspect, the significant exception of chemical names and the scientific names of plants and animals). However, I'm not sure what "single spelling" has to do with this. I would omit it, but maybe I'm missing something? If I am missing something, then it would be good to add an explanation of what it is I'm not understanding (on the assumption that other readers will be as dumb as me).

The article goes on:

"In many languages, however, it's typical to frequently combine words in new ways."

and then talks about compounding. While compounding is a problem for spell checking, and requires some computational morphology input, I imagine inflectional morphology (and for some languages, perhaps derivational morphology) is also a problem. In fact in an earlier section, the article alludes to the difficulty the inflectional morphology of Finnish and Hungarian causes for spell checking. This section should distinguish that problem from compounding, and then I would think it should talk about solutions. For some highly inflecting languages, it is virtually impossible to supply a spell checking dictionary that has all forms; you need some kind of morphological parser or transducer, such as a finite state transducer. (We're working with one such language, and I came to this article in hopes of finding pointers to how people had combined FSTs with spell correction algorithms.) Mcswell (talk) 13:56, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
 * In most Indo-European languages it's typical to deal with inflectional morphology by merely including all inflected forms in the dictionary; this does greatly increase dictionary size but that's not an issue. I don't offhand know of any work that deals with languages with such complex inflection that they require special processing - this appears to be a more difficult problem than dealing with compound words, since there might be spelling alteration with certain suffixes. If it turns out your work is novel, I hope you'll publish something about it. :-) Dcoetzee 00:30, 14 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Not to nitpick, but English uses compound words every bit as much as German, and the rules for compounding words are pretty much the same in all Germanic languages. The only difference is orthographic. English writes each element of most compound words as a single graphical word, whereas German maintains the correspondence between orthography and grammar. I don't know if anyone has done a study to see which is easier to read.Bostoner (talk) 00:14, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

Wikifying
This article seems to still have a conversational/informal tone, and some POV (lack of refs/citations?). Perhaps a copy edit into encyclopedic style is due.Kudpung (talk) 20:59, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

Dictionary?
Since when is there a dictionary in a spell checker? A dictionary contains words & definitions. A spell checker contains words only without definitions (AFAIK). In database speak, a spell checker is a single column database... PERIOD. I propose changing dictionary to file.DEddy (talk) 01:51, 18 September 2009 (UTC)
 * The American Heritage Dictionary gives this as definition 4a of dictionary: "A list of words stored in machine-readable form for reference, as by spelling-checking software." Iain Dalton (talk) 21:22, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

this spelling wrold is freeze — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.102.177.10 (talk) 23:17, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

WordPerfect
I thought that WordPerfect did there own spell-checkers until version 6 in the 1990s. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.137.32.98 (talk) 13:04, 16 September 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Spell checker


text:
14-3-3 protein

14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules that are expressed in all eukaryotic cells. 14-3-3 proteins have the ability to bind a multitude of functionally diverse signaling proteins, including kinases, phosphatases, and transmembrane receptors. More than 200 signaling proteins have been reported as 14-3-3 ligands.

Elevated amounts of 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid are usually a sign of rapid neurodegeneration; a common indicator of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.

Properties
Seven genes encode seven distinct 14-3-3 proteins in most mammals (See Human genes below) and 13-15 genes in many higher plants, though typically in fungi they are present only in pairs. Protists have at least one. Eukaryotes can tolerate the loss of a single 14-3-3 gene if multiple genes are expressed, but deletion of all 14-3-3s (as experimentally determined in yeast) results in death.

14-3-3 proteins are structurally similar to the Tetratrico Peptide Repeat (TPR) superfamily, which generally have 9 or 10 alpha helices, and usually form homo- and/or hetero-dimer interactions along their amino-termini helices. These proteins contain a number of known common modification domains, including regions for divalent cation interaction, phosphorylation & acetylation, and proteolytic cleavage, among others established and predicted.

14-3-3 binds to peptides. There are common recognition motifs for 14-3-3 proteins that contain a phosphorylated serine or threonine residue, although binding to non-phosphorylated ligands has also been reported. This interaction occurs along a so-called binding groove or cleft that is amphipathic in nature. To date, the crystal structures of six classes of these proteins have been resolved and deposited in the public domain.

Discovery and naming
14-3-3 proteins were initially found in brain tissue in 1967 and purified using chromatography and gel electrophoresis. In bovine brain samples, 14-3-3 proteins were located in the 14th fraction eluting from a DEAE-cellulose column and in position 3.3 on a starch electrophoresis gel.

Function
14-3-3 proteins play an isoform-specific role in class switch recombination. They are believed to interact with the protein Activation-Induced (Cytidine) Deaminase in mediating class switch recombination.

Phosphorylation of Cdc25C by CDS1 and CHEK1 creates a binding site for the 14-3-3 family of phosphoserine binding proteins. Binding of 14-3-3 has little effect on Cdc25C activity, and it is believed that 14-3-3 regulates Cdc25C by sequestering it to the cytoplasm, thereby preventing the interactions with CycB-Cdk1 that are localized to the nucleus at the G2/M transition.

The eta (YWHAH) isoform is reported to be a biomarker (in synovial fluid) for rheumatoid arthritis. In a systematic review, 14-3-3η has been described as a welcome addition to the rheumatology field. The authors indicate that the serum based 14-3-η marker is additive to the armamentarium of existing tools available to clinicians, and that there is adequate clinical evidence to support its clinical benefits in the management of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

14-3-3 proteins bind to and sequester the transcriptional coregulators YAP/TAZ to the cytoplasm, inhibiting their function.

14-3-3 regulating cell-signalling

 * Raf-1
 * Bad – see Bcl-2
 * Bax
 * Cdc25
 * Akt
 * SOS1 – see RSK

Human genes

 * – "14-3-3 beta"
 * – "14-3-3 epsilon"
 * – "14-3-3 gamma"
 * – "14-3-3 eta"
 * – "14-3-3 tau"
 * – "14-3-3 zeta"
 * or – "14-3-3 sigma" (Stratifin)

The 14-3-3 proteins alpha and delta (YWHAA and YWHAD) are phosphorylated forms of YWHAB and YWHAZ, respectively.

In plants
The presence of large gene families of 14-3-3 proteins in the Viridiplantae kingdom reflects their essential role in plant physiology. A phylogenetic analysis of 27 plant species clustered the 14-3-3 proteins into four groups.

14-3-3 proteins activate the auto-inhibited plasma membrane P-type H+ ATPases. They bind the ATPases' C-terminus at a conserved threonine.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 14-3-3 protein


text:
Superior Software

Superior Software Ltd (now known as Superior Interactive) is a video game publisher. It was one of the main publishers for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron computers in the 1980s and early 1990s, and occasionally published software to the Commodore 64, Amiga, ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC. It currently releases games for Microsoft Windows, iOS and Android, mostly updates of its original games.

History
Superior Software was established in 1982 by Richard Hanson and John Dyson, university graduates with degrees in Computational Science and Physics of Natural Resources respectively. They had previously programmed software published by Micro Power, and they wrote Superior's first four game releases for the BBC Micro; three were written by Hanson and one by Dyson. Describing the early days, Hanson commented:

"We set up Superior Software with just £100 – John and I each put £50 into a company bank account; and we placed a small black-and-white advertisement in one of the early home computer magazines ... £100 was the most money that we would lose from the Superior Software venture if it had not worked out. Anyway we received a very good response to our first advertisement, and the software sales which it generated covered the cost of the advertisement several times over. We started to place larger advertisements in a few magazines, and invited other programmers to send their software to us for evaluation and possible marketing by us."

Key management included Steve Botterill as general manager, and Chris Payne as marketing manager.

Releases
In 1983, its unauthorised version of Hunchback reached the number one position in the BBC charts. Century Electronics took out an injunction to prevent the game from being sold, later reaching a licensing agreement.

In 1986, it acquired the rights to use the Acornsoft brand name and back catalogue as Acorn wanted to focus on hardware. This led to the re-release of some of Acornsoft's most popular titles under the joint Superior Software / Acornsoft label, including David Braben and Ian Bell's Elite and Geoff Crammond's Revs.

Their best-known games are the Repton series of games, which have sold over 125,000 units in total. Other notable Superior Software games for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron include Overdrive, Citadel, Thrust, Galaforce, Stryker's Run, Ravenskull and Exile. They also published Zarch for the Acorn Archimedes, as well as follow-up games using the same engine, Conqueror and Air Supremacy.

As well as original titles, Superior also released a number of official conversions of popular games from other systems including Barbarian, The Last Ninja, Predator, Hostages and Sim City. They also published a number of educational and utility software titles including the speech synthesis program Speech!.

The "Play It Again Sam" series of compilations included re-releases of their old titles, with four games for the usual price of one. The original Play It Again Sam featured four Superior games (Citadel, Thrust, Ravenskull, and Stryker's Run), while subsequent compilations increasingly featured games licensed from other software houses such as Micro Power or Alligata. These compilations also occasionally included some new games that were thought to be not quite up to the standard of their full price games. The series eventually ran to 18 entries for the BBC Micro.

Current activity
Under the brandname Superior Interactive, the company now mainly develops and publishes software for computers and devices running Microsoft Windows, iOS and Android. They have released several updated versions of some of their popular 1980s hits for these systems, including the original three Repton games, additional Repton levels, Galaforce Worlds, Ravenskull, Pipeline Plus and Ricochet.

Games
• Invaders

• Centibug

• Alien Dropout

• Hunchback (1983, BBC port)

• Overdrive (1984)

• Stranded

• Mr Wiz

• Percy Penguin

• Smash and Grab

• Space Pilot

• Tempest (1985, BBC/Electron ports)

• Repton (1985)

• Deathstar (1985)

• Repton 2 (1985)

• Citadel (1985)

• Karate Combat (1986)

• Thrust (1986)

• Galaforce (1986)

• Stryker's Run (1986)

• The Legend of Sinbad (1986)

• Ravenskull (1986)

• Repton 3 (1986)

• Elite (1986, enhanced)

• Revs plus Revs 4 Tracks (1986, enhanced)

• Syncron (1987)

• Kix (1987)

• Grand Prix Construction Set (1987)

• Around the World in 40 Screens (1987)

• Codename: Droid (1987)

• Crazee Rider (1987)

• Palace of Magic (1987)

• Zarch (1987)

• Elixir (1987)

• Bone Cruncher (1987)

• Spellbinder (1987)

• The Life of Repton (1987)

• Zany Kong Junior (1988, re-release)

• Quest (1988)

• Spycat (1988)

• Conqueror (1988)

• Barbarian (1988, BBC/Electron ports)

• Repton Thru Time (1988)

• Pipeline (1988)

• Cosmic Camouflage (1988)

• By Fair Means or Foul (1988)

• Exile (1988)

• Imogen (1988, Electron port)

• Repton Infinity (1988)

• The Last Ninja (1988, BBC/Electron/Archimedes ports)

• Galaforce 2 (1988)

• A Question of Sport (1989, BBC/Electron ports)

• Firetrack (1989, Electron port)

• Repton Mania (1989)

• Barbarian II (1989, BBC/Electron ports)

• Camelot (1989)

• Qwak (1989)

• Predator (1989, BBC/Electron ports)

• Ballistix (1989, BBC/Electron ports)

• Superior Soccer (1989)

• Ricochet (1989)

• Baron (1989)

• Last Ninja 2 (1989, BBC/Electron ports)

• Perplexity (1990)

• Hyperball (1990)

• Pandemonium (1990)

• Hostages (1990)

• Superior Golf (1990)

• Star Port (1990)

• SimCity (1990, BBC/Electron/Archimedes ports)

• Master Break (1990)

• Air Supremacy (1991)

• Cyborg Warriors (1991)

• The Network (1991)

• Vertigo (1991)

• EGO: Repton 4 (1992)

• Technodream (1993)

• Tactic (1993, BBC/Electron ports)

• Citadel 2 (1993)

Compilations

 * The Acornsoft Hits (1987)
 * The Superior Collection (1987)
 * Play It Again Sam (Electron: 1987-1991, BBC Micro: 1987-1993, Archimedes: 1992-1994)

Educational / utility software

 * Toolkit (1983)
 * Assembler (1983)
 * World Geography (1983)
 * Disassembler (1984)
 * Constellation (1984)
 * Planetarium (1984)
 * UK Geography (1984)
 * Speech! (1985)

title: Superior Software


text:
Talk:Stanislav Gross

Untitled
Divorce - Gross was married in his early 20', for a year. He tried to hide it.

The current article looks contains way too much of current events. It may be better to wait a bit until Gross gets kicked out of politics to have less-biased view, though. Pavel Vozenilek 17:44, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Gross politics?
Given that the adjective gross in English means rough, rude or disgusting, this section title is either an amusing mistake by a non-native speaker, or a thinly-veiled attempt at smearing, or a bad joke. — Miguel 08:25, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC)

 * Feel free to change it. Gross means nothing in Czech so that's likely why it was named so. Pavel Vozenilek 23:41, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Gross means large in German, I'm assuming hes of German backround. It means absolutely nothing in Czech so its not that funny at all.

 * I know what Gross means in German, but this is the English wikipedia. To an English speaker with no knowledge of Czech or German, "Gross politics" must sound like a bad joke, especially in light of the corruption scandal. At least restore the apostrophe as in "Gross' politics". — Miguel 20:08, 2005 Apr 27 (UTC)

 * I agree with Miguel, we should not make even accidental plays on words or presume more than general knowledge of the readers. Matt 07:55, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

OK he may extremely corrupt and stolen money from the Czech people, but compared to Klaus he's a rank amateur

title: Talk:Stanislav Gross


text: User:SPUI/IRT lines

title: User:SPUI/IRT lines


text:
Afriqiyah Airways

Afriqiyah Airways is a Libyan airline based in Tripoli, Libya. It was established in 2001 and operates both domestic and international flights. The airline's main hub is Tripoli International Airport (TIP), and it serves a wide range of destinations across Africa, the Middle East, and Europe.

Afriqiyah Airways operates a fleet primarily consisting of Airbus aircraft, including the A320, A319, and A330 models. These planes are used for both short-haul and long-haul flights.

The airline offers various services and amenities to its passengers, including in-flight entertainment, onboard dining, and a loyalty program called "Afriqiyah Club,".

Over the years, Afriqiyah Airways has faced some operational challenges due to political instability in Libya. However, it has strived to maintain its operations and expand its network to serve travelers from and to Libya.

Establishment and growth: 2001-2011
Afriqiyah Airways was established in April 2001 and commenced scheduled services on 1 December 2001. The name Afriqiyah comes from the Arabic word for African. It is wholly owned by the Libyan government and has 287 employees (at March 2007). The airline started with Boeing 737-400 aircraft, but in 2003, an all-Airbus fleet was introduced. The Italian airline Blue Panorama jointly set up the airline with the Libyan government. Afriqiyah Airways is one of the few airlines which does not serve alcoholic beverages on its flights.

The airline generated US$120 million in revenue in 2006.

Afriqiyah Airways signed a Memorandum of Understanding for the purchase of six Airbus A320s and three Airbus A319s plus an option on five, as well as for three Airbus A330-200s, with an option for three.

The new A320s and A319s entered service on Afriqiyah's growing international network, covering routes from its base at Tripoli to seventeen destinations in North, West, and Central Africa and the Middle East, as well as to European destinations such as Paris, Brussels, London, Rome, and Amsterdam. Afriqiyah's A319s carry 124 passengers in a two-class configuration, while the A320 seats 144 in two class configurations (J16/Y128). The A330s serve the long-distance operations on routes to Southern Africa, Asia and Europe, and have a two-class configuration with 230 seats (J30/Y200). As of 2015 the airline no longer flies to some of these destinations anymore.

On 20 August 2009, an Air Afriqiyah aircraft (registration 5A-IAY) - the private aircraft of Colonel Gaddafi - flew to Glasgow Airport to collect Abelbasset al-Megrahi (who had been convicted of the 1988 Lockerbie bombing and released on compassionate grounds by the Cabinet Secretary for Justice in the Scottish Government). He was flown directly from Glasgow to Tripoli.

Three A330s that were delivered in 2009 were used to inaugurate new routes to Dhaka, Johannesburg and Kinshasa. In the winter 2010, two new routes were added to the airline's network - Beijing and Nouakchott.

In mid-October 2010, Afriqiyah Airways and Libyan Airlines (Libya's other state flag carrier) were expected to merge into one airline, and, although postponed, the merger is still planned.

Suspended operations: 2011
As a consequence of the First Libyan Civil War and the resulting no-fly zone over the country enforced by NATO, in accordance with the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, all flight operations by Afriqiyah Airways were terminated on 17 March 2011.

Point 17 of the United Nations resolution specifically banned flights into members of the United Nations by aircraft registered in Libya (5A). This was to have been rescinded when Afriqiyah Airways was officially 'unsanctioned' on 22 September 2011, when Libyan-registered aircraft should have been again permitted to enter EU airspace. This did not happen and up to 5 March 2013 however no such easing had been announced and Libyan-registered aircraft are still banned from Europe, even overflying through the airspace. The Tripoli - Istanbul route has to route further east, via over Alexandria, which adds an hour each way to the sector time. Afriqiyah Airways announced that they expected to resume flights between Tripoli and London by the end of the year, subject to the issuance of air transport and security permits, using A320 equipment. However, flights did not resume until 3 July 2012. In order to get round the EU ban, Afriqiyah wet-leased an A320 (ER-AXP) from Air Moldova that complied with the EU requirements.

Rebuilding post-war services: 2012 onwards
After suffering badly during the civil war, Afriqiyah Airways expressed renewed optimism in the future on 12 November 2012 when it increased its order for Airbus A350 aircraft, announcing a new firm order for four A350-900s, and converting its original order for six A350-800s to six of the larger A350-900 model, taking the total number of A350s on order to 10 A350-900s. Deliveries were scheduled to start in 2020, and the airline planned to deploy the aircraft on new routes to the United States, the Middle East and Asia.

On 19 December 2012, the airline unveiled its new livery, featuring a white fuselage and black tail fin adorned with three blue stripes, representing the neck markings of the turtle dove. The design replaced the former 9.9.99 tail fin logo.

The airline's hub, Tripoli International Airport, was shut down on 13 July 2014 and remains closed to all passenger and cargo flights as of July 2020. Afriqiyah Airways instead currently operates a small route network out of Mitiga International Airport.

Destinations
These are the current and former destinations of Afriqiyah Airlines:

Ownership
Afriqiyah Airways is a subsidiary of the Libyan African Aviation Holding Company (LAAHC), itself owned by the Libyan National Social Fund, the Libyan National Investment Company, the Libya-Africa Investment Fund and the Libyan Foreign Investment Company; the airline is ultimately owned by the Libyan government. LAAHC is also the holding company for Libyan Airlines; although separate operations, a merger of the two carriers had been progressing slowly, though completion of the merger, expected in the first half of 2013 appear to have repeatedly been delayed, and in June 2014 it was reported that the merger was "not currently being worked on".

Corporate identity
The Gaddafi-era 9.9.99 logo on the side of Afriqiyah's aircraft referred to the date of the Sirte Declaration, signed on 9 September 1999. The declaration marked the formation of the African Union. On Muammar Gaddafi's orders, the date was placed on the fuselage of all of the aircraft when the airline was founded. Tom Little of the Libya Herald said "Gaddafi saw the declaration as one of his proudest achievements".

In 2012, the airline decided to use new branding to replace the previous one's association with Gaddafi. Saeed Al-Barouni, In-Flight Services and Catering Manager, created a new logo that was selected from a pool of sixty proposals. The logo, made up of three blue stripes, is based on the neck markings of turtle doves. The new branding was unveiled on 19 December 2012 at the Rixos Al Nasr Hotel in Tripoli.

Business trends
Scant management data for Afriqiyah Airways have been published, even before the civil war of 2011. Mainly based on statements by airline or government officials, or AFRAA reports, trends for recent years are shown below (for years ending 31 December):

Current fleet
, the Afriqiyah Airways fleet consists of an all-Airbus fleet made up of the following aircraft:

Historical fleet

 * 2 Airbus A300-600
 * 4 Boeing 737-400 (leased from Blue Panorama Airlines and Lauda Air
 * 1 Airbus A340-200
 * 4 Airbus A330-200 (one crashed as Afriqiyah Airways Flight 771)

Accidents and incidents

 * On 12 May 2010, at 04:10 UTC (06:10 Tripoli time) an Airbus A330-202, flying from Johannesburg in South Africa to Tripoli, crashed on approach to Tripoli airport. 11 crew members and 93 passengers were killed. The sole survivor was a nine-year-old Dutch boy.
 * On 25 August 2011, two Afriqiyah jets were caught in the middle of a crossfire battle at Tripoli Airport. The former, an Airbus A300B4 registered 5A-IAY, was totalled and written off when a grenade hit the aircraft, while an Airbus A320, 5A-ONK, bore severe damage when an RPG hit the wing root, possibly puncturing the centre wing tank in the process.
 * On 20 July 2014, two Airbus A330 aircraft with registrations 5A-ONF and 5A-ONP were hit by rockets fired by one of the rival militias (Misratah and Zintan) fighting for control of the facility at Tripoli International Airport. 5A-ONF exploded, burned to the ground and was written off; however, 5A-ONP suffered minor to moderate damage, and was stored for repair.
 * On 23 December 2016, Flight 209 from Sebha Airport to Mitiga International Airport, operated by Airbus A320 5A-ONB, was hijacked and diverted to Luqa Airport, Malta.

title: Afriqiyah Airways


text:
Maxwell's Silver Hammer

"Maxwell's Silver Hammer" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album Abbey Road. It was written by Paul McCartney and credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership. The song is about a student named Maxwell Edison who commits murders with a hammer, with the dark lyrics disguised by an upbeat sound. McCartney described the song as symbolic of the downfalls of life, being "my analogy for when something goes wrong out of the blue, as it so often does".

The song was initially rehearsed during the Get Back sessions in January 1969. During the recording of Abbey Road in July and August, the band devoted four recording sessions to completing the track. These sessions were an acrimonious time for the Beatles, as McCartney pressured the group to work at length on the song. All three of his bandmates were vocal in their dislike of "Maxwell's Silver Hammer". In a 2008 interview, Ringo Starr remembered it as "the worst session ever" and "the worst track we ever had to record".

Background
While in Rishikesh, India, in early 1968, McCartney began to write the first verse of the song. Having completed most of it by October that year, he intended for its inclusion on the album The Beatles, but it was never properly recorded during those sessions due to time constraints. It was rehearsed again three months later, in January 1969, at Twickenham film studios during the Get Back sessions but would not be recorded for another six months.

McCartney's wife Linda said that he had become interested in avant-garde theatre and had immersed himself in the writings of the experimental French author Alfred Jarry. This influence is reflected in the story and tone of "Maxwell's Silver Hammer", and also explains how McCartney came across Jarry's word "pataphysical", which occurs in the lyrics. In 1994, McCartney said that the song epitomises the downfalls of life, being "my analogy for when something goes wrong out of the blue, as it so often does, as I was beginning to find out at that time in my life. I wanted something symbolic of that, so to me it was some fictitious character called Maxwell with a silver hammer. I don't know why it was silver, it just sounded better than Maxwell's hammer."

Recording
The Beatles began recording the song at EMI Studios in London on 9 July 1969. John Lennon, who had been absent from recording sessions for the previous eight days after being injured in a car crash in Scotland, arrived to work on the song, accompanied by his wife, Yoko Ono, who, more badly hurt in the accident than Lennon, lay on a large double-bed in the studio. Sixteen takes of the rhythm track were made, followed by a series of guitar overdubs. The unused fifth take can be heard on Anthology 3. Over the following two days the group overdubbed vocals, piano, Hammond organ, anvil, and guitar. The song was completed on 6 August, when McCartney recorded a solo on a Moog synthesiser.

The recording process subsequently drew unfavourable comments from Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. Lennon said, "I was ill after the accident when they did most of that track, and it really ground George and Ringo into the ground recording it", adding later: "I hate it, 'cos all I remember is the track ... [Paul] did everything to make it into a single, and it never was and it never could have been." In the recollection of engineer Geoff Emerick, Lennon dismissed it as "more of Paul's granny music". Harrison recalled: "Sometimes Paul would make us do these really fruity songs. I mean, my God, 'Maxwell's Silver Hammer' was so fruity. After a while we did a good job on it, but when Paul got an idea or an arrangement in his head …" Starr told Rolling Stone in 2008: "The worst session ever was 'Maxwell's Silver Hammer.' It was the worst track we ever had to record. It went on for fucking weeks. I thought it was mad." McCartney recalled: "The only arguments were about things like me spending three days on 'Maxwell's Silver Hammer.' I remember George saying, 'You've taken three days, it's only a song.' – 'Yeah, but I want to get it right. I've got some thoughts on this one.'"

Commentary by band members
In a taped recording of a band meeting conducted in September 1969 (Starr was not present), Lennon raised the possibility of individual songwriting responsibilities being split equally among Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison in the future. In this arrangement, each of the writers would contribute four songs to an album, and Starr would have the opportunity to contribute two. According to journalist Richard Williams' summary of the tape: "Paul... responds to the news that George now has equal standing as a composer with John and himself by muttering something mildly provocative. 'I thought until this album that George's songs weren't that good,' he says, which is a pretty double-edged compliment since the earlier compositions he's implicitly disparaging include Taxman and While My Guitar Gently Weeps. There's a nettled rejoinder from George: 'That's a matter of taste. All down the line, people have liked my songs.' John reacts by telling Paul that nobody else in the group 'dug' his Maxwell's Silver Hammer... and that it might be a good idea if he gave songs of that kind – which, John suggests, he probably didn't even dig himself – to outside artists in whom he had an interest... 'I recorded it,' a drowsy Paul says, 'because I liked it.'"

Contemporary reviews
In his 1969 review of Abbey Road, for Rolling Stone, John Mendelsohn wrote: "Paul McCartney and Ray Davies are the only two writers in rock and roll who could have written 'Maxwell's Silver Hammer', a jaunty vaudevillian/music-hallish celebration wherein Paul, in a rare naughty mood, celebrates the joys of being able to bash in the heads of anyone threatening to bring you down. Paul puts it across perfectly with the coyest imaginable choir-boy innocence." Writing in Oz magazine, Barry Miles described the song as "a complex little piece" and said that, aside from McCartney's casual interest in Jarry's work, "The only British pop group holding any pataphysical honours are The Soft Machine". Miles also said it was "a perfect example of Paul's combination of American Rock with British brass band music".

Derek Jewell of The Sunday Times found the album "refreshingly terse and unpretentious", but lamented the inclusion of "cod-1920s jokes (Maxwell's Silver Hammer)" and "Ringo's obligatory nursery arias (Octopus's Garden)". In 1974, Robert Christgau referred to "Maxwell's Silver Hammer" as "a McCartney crotchet".

Retrospective assessments and legacy
Among Beatles biographers, Ian MacDonald said that "If any single recording shows why The Beatles broke up, it's 'Maxwell's Silver Hammer'." He continued: "This ghastly miscalculation – of which there are countless equivalents on [McCartney's] garrulous sequence of solo albums – represents by far his worst lapse of taste under the auspices of The Beatles… Thus Abbey Road embraces both extremes of McCartney: the clear-minded, sensitive caretaker of The Beatles in 'You Never Give Me Your Money' and the Long Medley – and the immature egotist who frittered away the group's patience and solidarity on sniggering nonsense like this." Author Jonathan Gould cites "Maxwell's Silver Hammer" as an example of the selfishness inherent in the Beatles' creative partnership, whereby a composition by McCartney or Lennon would be given preference over a more substantial song by Harrison. He also rues McCartney's penchant for a light entertainment style that the Beatles had sought to render obsolete, and concludes: "The sorriest aspect of 'Maxwell's Silver Hammer' is thus the way it demonstrates how Paul's workmanlike tendency to build on his past successes had caused him to translate the genuinely charming novelty and subversive parody of 'When I'm Sixty-Four' into a personal subgenre of glibly clever songs that had devolved in the two years since Sgt. Pepper into a form of musical schtick."

In 2009, PopMatters editor John Bergstrom concluded his list "the worst of the Beatles" with the song. He said that while McCartney had previously created "some borderline-schmaltzy, music hall-inspired songs", "Maxwell's Silver Hammer" was "where even the secret admirer of 'Rocky Raccoon' must draw the line". Bergstrom described it as "Unnervingly 'cute', unrelentingly obnoxious, too literal-minded by half" and "the single Beatles song out of nearly 200 that is basically unlistenable".

In 2020, author John Tait paired the song with "Mack the Knife" as noteworthy contemporary murder ballads about serial killers.

Cover versions

 * In 1972, the Canadian band the Bells covered "Maxwell's Silver Hammer". Their version became a hit in Canada. It reached number 83 on the Pop chart and number two on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart.
 * In the 1978 film Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, the song is performed by comedian Steve Martin, who portrays the character Maxwell Edison. Frankie Laine also covered the song as part of the musical documentary All This and World War II, which featured stock and newsreel footage of the Second World War set to performances of music by the Beatles.
 * The MonaLisa Twins covered "Maxwell's Silver Hammer" with a 2015 video published on YouTube Music in 2015.

Personnel
According to Kevin Howlett, except where noted:

The Beatles
 * Paul McCartney – lead and harmony vocals, piano, acoustic guitar, Moog synthesiser
 * George Harrison – harmony vocal, bass, electric guitars
 * Ringo Starr – harmony vocal, drums, anvil

Additional musician
 * George Martin – Hammond organ

title: Maxwell's Silver Hammer


text:
Gwyneth Powell

Gwyneth Leith (5 July 1946 – 8 September 2022), better known by her stage name Gwyneth Powell, was an English actress. She was best known for her portrayal of headmistress Bridget McClusky in the BBC television series Grange Hill for eleven series between 1981 and 1991.

Background
Powell was born on 5 July 1946 in Levenshulme, Manchester, and attended Cheadle County Grammar School for Girls, during which time she appeared to some acclaim as Fat Urs in the National Youth Theatre's production of Ben Jonson's Bartholemew Fair. She originally trained as a teacher at Goldsmiths, University of London, but instead chose to act in repertory theatre.

Career
Powell's first major television role was in the 1971 LWT dystopian drama series, The Guardians. She was a regular, if minor, player in many television dramas until being cast in Grange Hill, in which she played the "firm but fair" headmistress Bridget ("The Midget") McClusky for eleven years. Of her role, she said in 2008:

"At first Mrs McClusky was written as a 'twin set and pearls' role but I was quite young at the time and didn't want to play it like that. We started with the clothes and she was quite fashion conscious and chic. I was told by lots of people she was a great fillip to young women teachers who started applying for headships. The show had repercussions in all kinds of ways and the character did too. My period did coincide with the Thatcher years. I think Mrs McClusky became memorable because we had a prime minister like that."

Eventually, however, Powell wanted to pursue other interests and gave the Grange Hill producers and writers a year to write McClusky out of the series. She bought the rights to E. M. Delafield's Diary of a Provincial Lady and adapted it as a self-financed one-woman show in Edinburgh, also touring the production.

Powell went on to appear in other television programmes such as Heartbeat, A Touch of Frost, Holby City, Hetty Wainthropp Investigates and Father Brown, and in 2008, Echo Beach. She played the role of a school teacher in a Victorian School Day in an episode of the BBC Schools TV series Watch. In 2009, using archive footage, coupled with some newly recorded lines, Powell reprised her Grange Hill role as Mrs McClusky for a cameo appearance in an episode of Ashes to Ashes, set in 1982. She also appeared in Arsenic and Old Lace at the Salisbury Playhouse. In 2010, Powell starred as Nana in The Gemma Factor. Subsequently, in 2011–2013, she became a support character in the teen programme House of Anubis, playing the role of Nina Martin's gran who ends up in hospital but is later released. She featured in seven episodes. In 2013 she took the role of Greg Davies' mother Polly Davies in the Channel 4 comedy Man Down.

Personal life
Powell married actor Alan Leith in 1971. She lived in Hurstpierpoint, West Sussex, where she was a patron of a local drama group, the Hurstpierpoint Players.

She died in Brighton on 8 September 2022, aged 76. Her death was attributed to complications following surgery for a perforated colon.

title: Gwyneth Powell


text: Category:Airlines of Libya

title: Category:Airlines of Libya


text:
Talk:SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron

The SWAT Kats Encyclopedia
I went through this and found several outdated citation links to the old location, and went ahead and updated them to the new swatkats.info URL. --Modad (talk) 08:53, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

Wikipedia:EL
These links keep getting removed, but after reviewing WP:EL I'm failing to see why. Fan sites are not preferable, but there's not much else out there, and as others have already noted, sites like IMDB either have insufficient or inaccurate information, and before anyone says "prove it wrong," under WP guidelines it can't because either A. it would involve original research or B. it would require citing a fan site. This show is dead and there's not much outside of the fan sites which have archived information from now non-existent official sources in addition to anything conjectural. Other shows in a similar genre such as The Real Ghostbusters, Road Rovers and Batman: The Animated Series are allowed to have fan sites listed in their external links section, and I'm having difficulty understanding why SWAT Kats is treated differently. It's really confusing, and I thank you for your time in advance for any clarification you can offer.--Modad (talk) 23:16, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Is there a specific section on the talk pages of the article you mentioned that have permission to allow post fansites? I agree that IMDB is not an RS. What exactly do the websites actually offer that cannot be added to improve this article? --  ShadowJester07  ►Talk  01:15, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

The Web site http://www.swatkats.info has scanned copies of an Animato article written by Mark Lungo from back in 1995 that includes plot details and explanations of the show episode by episode, of which has been transferred into text on the site's episodes section. It also features transcripts and a bonus episode review by Mark Lungo that was not in the original article. Other details relating to show merchandise, official HB model sheets, episode clips and actual episodes (which are embedded on the site, but not actually hosted), official show opener storyboards, a scan of a published review of the video game and an interview with show writer Lance Falk can be found here. These are the "official" things, in addition to other speculative materials that are either obviously speculative (because it says so) or obviously fan made, or would fall under the category of original research.

The SK Zone (http://www.kishikat.com/zone/) additionally has audio, video and images of the series for reference, a separate interview with Lance Falk, a complete voice list (though this may count as original research), animation cells, additonal official model sheets and additional official storyboards. And yes, there are also other speculative materials that are either obviously speculative (because it says so) or obviously fan made.

SWAT Kats.us (http://www.swatkats.us) is a center of the fan community where discussion of the show can take place, in addition to hosting episodes of the show for reference. These three sites, run by different people (so as to reduce bias), should be linked because they can offer more official details that pertain to the topic, but that would also not necessarily fall under Wikipedia's standards to be included in the article (as trivia sections are discouraged), but would fall under an acceptable external link. Though they may not be preferable, they're all that's left, so preference isn't really an option at this time. Again, thank you for your time.--Modad (talk) 13:29, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * The case sounds feasible to me; I'll undo my edit, though I cannot guarantee that another editor will not remove them. I can see that the links have been posted for the best interest of the encyclopedia, and not there to merely advertise the sites. Thanks. --  ShadowJester07  ►Talk  13:37, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

Thank you. Your discretion is appreciated.--Modad (talk) 13:42, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

This was one of the best shows of 90's and was aired in 2000's as well. Its abrupt stop is just unfair with the best team of Swat Kats. Its a pleasure to write down a few words regarding the show. But, it would do still better than ever, if its restarted and continued. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 101.63.173.119 (talk) 16:14, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

Character Pages
Err, what happened to the character pages?

- They're still accessible. You just have to know how to find them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by BlackNemesis (talk • contribs) 22:43, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

That does not answer the question. Angie Y. (talk) 01:19, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

 * They were all merged and redirected. There is no content on them now. Thanks!, Codelyoko193 (T/C) 16:52, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Odd links
I find it odd that fansites with lots of resources are not listed in the links and whenever they are added they are removed again and again. Why are informational fansites not allowed in the links while big-name encyclopedic sites which contain erroneous information are? It looks pretty silly to me!

 * Per WP:RS, fansites are not considered reliable sources as they also tend to have speculation. Information from official sources are much preferred. 147.70.242.40 23:32, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

Except that the official sources are -wrong- on some points and there is no way to correct those errors. :\

 * If the official sources are wrong, it should be noted, with linked evidence, on this article. Lots42 20:23, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Bringing it back?
"It was confirmed by Cartoon Network that a new version of the SWAT Kats was in production, ready to be released in the Summer of 2007. It was confirmed also that most of the characters from the original series were coming back. Some of the villains like Dr. Viper, The Metallikats, Dark Cat and The Pastmaster are going to make a return, with a new visual. It isn't known yet if the new cartoon series is a totally new series, or if it it has anything to do with the original show."

Where is proof of this?

I do not see a source, and this is something really really big.

--Cuddles32 23:55, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

 * What the heck are you talking about? That's not in the article. -Golem866 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 01:33, 25 February 2010 (UTC).

Megas Inspiration?
This show may have been an inspiration for Megas:XLR ... research needs to be done.
 * But the Sawt Kats was inspired by many movies/shows AFAIK. --GatesPlusPlus 06:52, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

Cancelled? Why?
It says that SWAT Kats was cancelled, but for what reason? I heard it was because of the violence. Is that true? It was an awesome show. I don't like Megas: XLR, but I do see a similarity. 71.250.68.129 16:27, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Some internet reviewers claim that Ted Turner was on a quest to purge TV of violent cartoons. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.135.167.21 (talk) 08:00, 26 November 2012 (UTC)

GatesPlusPlus, It Was Because Of Low Ratings. Tomjerry9 17:46, 30 December 2006 (UTC) -- No, smart guy. Swat Kats was cancelled when hanna-barbara wen out of business, thanks to Johnny Quest. --Cuddles32 01:41, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Low Ratings and pending bankruptcy from overextending the studio resources were the key factors to the ending of the series. Successful series were spared, the not-so-good were trimmed to keep the studio afloat. HB Still ended up being bought up by WB in the end though. Johnny Quest was -one- of -many- shows that were failures. You cannot just chalk it up to one thing. :P

--

Yep. I AM Pretty Smart. Tomjerry9 17:46, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

The show did NOT have low ratings (it surpassed all other shows at the time), so the only reason the show was cancelled was either bankruptcy or minimal sponsoring/interest in the show from the creators and or sponsors. --White Mage Cid —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.167.234.84 (talk) 18:22, 7 December 2007 (UTC) --

I have to go with the violence here, myself; the executive producer of the show lobbied to get the show uncanceled, but was denied (so it wasn't lack of interest on the creator's part), and the show was canceled shortly after it was acquired by Hanna Barbara, which was under the control of Ted Turner, at the time, who was notorious for his extremely liberal and anti-violence political opinions. I think the nail in the coffin here is the statement he gave to Entertainment Weekly about his disgust over the level of violence in other kid's shows, at the time, a level which he measured by the shows under his command - mainly completely nonviolent comedy shows such as the Flintstones and the Smurfs. That seems to clearly indicate that he found the level of violence in SWAT Kats to be unacceptable, in his worldview, and had it canceled, as a result. 66.228.109.2 (talk) 14:07, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

It was violence I am pretty sure. The show was the number 1 show in Canada...so it would not have been ratings. The show was at the top of the neilsen ratings as well. http://en.wikifur.com/wiki/SWAT_Kats:_The_Radical_Squadron

Majinsnake (talk) 06:09, 12 August 2014 (UTC)majinsnake

Erroneous cast listings...
John Stocker, Brad Garrett, Michael Stark, Rodger Bumpass, and Edward Hibbert were never voice actors on this show. I own all of the officially produced episodes on videotape and I know the cast lists. These people were never listed as playing any "Evil Robots" in any of the episodes' closing credits. I have removed them from the cast listing and I ask that whoever added them back not do so again; this is false information. - Kooshmeister

 * And someone did it again, saying John Stocker did the voices for Zed and Morbulus (misspelling his name as "Morbulis"). I removed this. - Kooshmeister

Theme Song
The theme song for the show sounds similar to at least two songs I can think of; Iron Maiden's 'The Clairvoyant' and Joe Satriani's 'Summer Song', or at least strongly reminiscent. Who performed the theme?PolarisSLBM 07:16, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

The music for the show was made by Nick Brown, Randall Crissman and John Zuker. I don't think they're similar. It can sound like a certain song if you know what to think about. Maybe, they have some similar styles, but I don't think it's a ripoff.Starstream 26 December 2006

Characters?
Is it OK if the individual character articles are moved to this page? They are already short, and this article needs update anyway.
 * It's not really needed. Most of the articles have enough substantial information to stand by themselves. Merging all the articles here would just add clutter the page and add an extra +15kb. --ShadowJester07 21:47, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Er Never mind, I was looking at the Enemies article. Seeing as you moved the page, you should probably listed the unneeded articles for deletion :p --ShadowJester07 21:56, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

Kat Ears
Have you noticed that the skull of a Kat has ears? When the Pastmaster brings forth skeletons, they have ears. When Razor and the "Old man" in Razor's Edge battle and go through X-Rays (Kat Scan) they have ears. When the SWAT Kats go underground and find skulls in Cavern of Horrors, they have ears. From all this, plus the fact that they are not regular cats, I believe their ears are supported by or are bone. Who agrees? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.224.11.191 (talk) 02:10, 27 February 2007 (UTC).
 * I think they give them ears to simply let the viewers know they're meant to be cat skulls. - Kooshmeister
 * Haha yeah, i'm backing up Kooshmeister. I think maybe you're reading too much into a childs cartoon. [SAVAGE ONE] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 14.200.31.120 (talk) 00:17, 17 May 2013 (UTC)

"Interesting" logic
From the trivia section:

 * Since the characters of the series are known as "kats", we can assume that they evolved from Sabertooth Cats, just like humans evolved from apes.

Neither of the statements in this sentence (that the characters are called "kats," and that they can probably be safely assumed to have evolved from some early big cat) is inaccurate, but I don't see how the former is evidence for the latter. --152.7.49.159 00:08, 17 April 2007 (UTC)
 * While there is a sabertooth tiger in one episode (The Pastmaster Always Rings Twice), that same episode's production artwork for the museum interior depict an exhibit about a "Cave Cat." I'm unsure if this wound up in the actual episode however. What I wanna know is how in the world spelling "cat" with a "K" serves as "evidence" that they came from saberooth tigers. - Kooshmeister

"Evolving" from Sabertooth cats makes no sense.

Episodes Pages
Hey, I noticed that for a lot of series, the Wikipedia standard seems to be different from the almost stub-quality pages we have for the Swat Kats episodes. Some episodes are missing pages all together, and I also think better images could be used on the character pages (T-Bone, for example, seems to have a mugshot taken with a digital camera off a television screen). Anyone object to me changing these pages around a bit so they're all somewhat uniform? Recalcitrancy 21:24, 23 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I think if you have something to contribute then do it. Mpete510 21:26, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Episode premises
What's the source for these episode premises?

The Madkat's Revenge The Vampire She-Kat Robotic Madness Past vs. Present The Dark SWAT Kats Return

"The Vampire She-Kat" sounds suspiciously like it's just another alternate title for The Curse of Kataluna, while the others are, well, pretty generic, title-wise. "The Dark SWAT Kats Return" sounds like wishful fan thinking. I'm willing to entertain the idea that these are all for real, but I'd like some sources. And while I'm at it, I also need to post sources for Blackout and Coldwar. - Kooshmeister

Characters
They cannot meet the standards of the site, so there is no need for them to be separate topics. Small descriptions should be added here. Those should eventually be converted into prose. TTN 19:31, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Other languages
Could anyone please verify the "SWAT Kats in other languages" section? I can confirm that the Russian title is correct (uh, actually, the translation is lame, but it's the official translation), but I doubt whether the Italian, Hindi and Polish titles are accurate. For example, Google shows that "Gatti Volanti" refers to Catwings, and "Chwaty Koty-Koty Chwaty" just looks weird. --Ambidexter 12:34, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

Deaths?
Weren't there a lot of on-screen deaths? Like tanks being smashed to bits with the crews still inside? Lots42 20:21, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Well, I'm not really surprised if there were a lot of on-screen deaths piling up on our screens. I mean, this is not a perfect world we're talking about; there's lot's psychotic bad guys plotting and doing evil deeds, giant-monsters stomping around the city, alien invasions, undead wizards and robotic undead kats shooting about on a rampage... to name a few.

I will be VERY surprised if 0 "on-screen" deaths has occurred on the series, Kat or otherwise.

That's normal for the SWAT KAT's world.

While visible deaths were depicted, they were never revealed. This was often inflicted on Enforcer tanks and choppers, as well as MegaKat civilians and other characters who disappear after a calamitous scene (such as in The Giant Bacteria and Caverns of Horror). 23:12, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Linda Gary
In watching Swat Kats on youtube recently, I was surprised to hear Linda Gary's voice in Ep. 1. Double-checking the credits, she is certainly listed there. I decided that even though her character might only show up in that episode, Ms. Gary is a prestigious enough voice actress to deserve being listed here regardless. --Yoshiaki Abe 04:12, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

Plot timeline
I watched the "Ghost Pilot" episode again, which revolves around the Mega War II (equivalent to World War II), and it's explicitly stated that MegaKat City is in its 1990s by hearing a security guard comment on the "Red Lynx"'s plane after "50 years". 1945 + 50 = 1995 is what I figured the show takes place in. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.167.234.84 (talk) 03:27, 3 January 2008 (UTC)
 * If the war was -called- World War 2, then sure. I'd agree. But 'Mega War 2' could have happened at any time. Lots42 (talk) 17:51, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
 * logic fails when the red lynx is based on the red baron a world war one pilot, so mega war two can be compared to world war one as much as world war two.

Incorrect character listing
Callie Briggs was listed under "Heroes", which is a fatal error. I've moved her description into "Supporting characters", which fits her more properly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.167.234.84 (talk) 00:00, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

Requesting rewrite
I went through the article again, and the factual accuracies are horribly off. This article needs a complete re-write from someone who is a genuine expert who knows the cartoon show in question. 13:38, 28 March 2008 (UTC) White Mage Cid
 * You should note that you can challenge un-sourced material a Fact tag to each fishy statement, or ultimately removing it per WP:A. --  ShadowJester07  ►Talk  14:32, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Objection, comrades!
--80.235.65.82 (talk) 18:35, 10 June 2008 (UTC)
 * The last unfinished episode title is not Doctors of Doom. It's The curse of Kataluna
 * The Dark SWAT Kats were killed when a bomb they were carrying exploded. Didn't you notice, that the explosion was suspiciously weak? (The bomb was desinged to destroy the enforcers headquaters) Why if the explosion have merely catapulted them into another alternate dimension (in our's for example)Why if they are under your bed now?(Boo-oo-oo!)
 * What's with that Cold War? You are still afraid of our's MiG-29?

TurboKat Origins
I recently added that the TurboKat most notably resembles a Grumman F-14 AND a Saab Draken. Before it just said 'an F-14.' Before you go changing that back, let me make you understand why I wrote that. Americans, Canadians and Iranians are very familiar with the F-14, but other watchers, particularly Europeans and Australians, may benefit from another point of reference. Second, if you look at the Draken from the top down and the TurboKat from the top down, you will see that it is as if the Draken and Tomcat had a baby -with a third engine somehow. GavinSimmons (talk) 17:24, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I've no doubt the plane resembles such. But to put this in without citations/references is original research and frowned upon by Wikipedia policy. Lots42 (talk) 17:50, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It also resembles Yak-141! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.190.195.86 (talk) 14:46, 26 August 2008 (UTC)

On another note I deleted a section about the TurboKat being indestructible. Which makes no sense seeing as it gets damaged and wrecked all the time Renegade5115 (talk) 03:45, 27 October 2008 (UTC)
 * It most certainly does resemble an F-14. Swept-back movable wings, two engines on either side of the fuselage "pancake", two vertical stabilizers on top of the engines, and two seats. Looks pretty similar to me! Cody-7 (talk) 21:57, 7 December 2008 (UTC)

Thanks for the pictures
I wanted to thank the editors of this article for including links to pictures of the Swat Kats' vehicles in this article. These days Wikipedia can be a pretty poor place to find images due to their ridiculously strict copyright... policies. I was looking for a photo and was pleased to find it in this article. -- Cody-7 (talk) 21:57, 7 December 2008 (UTC)

Fansite links
2 of the external links point to fansites that contain original research not cited anywhere. Are these even eligible to be on Wikipedia? Cid SilverWing 22:35, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

Which links, specifically? --Modad (talk) 22:30, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

Stuttering Craig
I removed the Stuttering Craig addition from this article, as it abruptly mentioned with no context. It is rather random and non-encyclopedic to mention the comment of a non-notable internet personality without any other information about a game in question. If the section contained the reviews of professional critics from reliable sources, then it would not be as much of a problem. Given Craig is more of an internet personality, the addition, if anything would go in popular culture section - if a proper one existed. --  StarScream1007  ►Talk  20:59, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

Nathan Stanley
Several character articles (hard drive and madkat) mention the creator of G-52 Nathen Stanley near the end and his *ideas* for the continuation of these characters. Yet he is not mentioned in the rest of the article as to why his *ideas* are noteworthy, and a quick google only throws up a cat based fanfiction series called G-52. So unless I have missed something really big (which might need highlighting) maybe these elements should be removed?

Technology
Why not have a separate section for their technology? We can move their weapons, vehicles and other technical stuff into this section. It requires a cleanup anyway, so why not shift this info? It can make the article longer.

These things look weird in the 'Background' section.

Another opinion is that we can leave the part stating their jet and other important things in the section they're already in, and create a new section telling other things about it, along with the other tech.

Someone volunteer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Antrikshy (talk • contribs) 15:37, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

Updated Citation Links
Some of the citation links to swatkats.info were out of date. Now they're up to date. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Modad (talk • contribs) 02:14, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

Mr. Young?
Why does "Mr. Young" redirect here? There is no reference to a Mr. Young anywhere in the article. "Mr. Young" is, in fact, an upcoming sitcom on YTV. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.174.73.133 (talk) 08:39, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

DVD Release
I've added a citation request for the last line of the DVD Release section:

"A re-release with added content is planned for summer 2011."

Does anyone know if this is true, and if so, where the information came from? --Modad (talk) 22:14, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

Someone put a citation related to TVShowsondvd.com that didn't have any information about a re-release, so I put the citation request back. --Modad (talk) 04:54, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

Removed A Link
This site has been down for awhile: swatkats.c85.org --Modad (talk) 04:47, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

Also removed this link as it was redundant (same site in spot 1 and 3): http://web.archive.org/web/19991013025412/cartoonnetwork.com/doc/swatkats/index.html --Modad (talk) 04:52, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

Half-Life 2 Mod. Swat-Kats
There was a mod of Half-Life 2 for Swat-kats that was in development from 2005-2007. It never fully got made probably due to lack of support or determination. http://halflife2.filefront.com/news/Swat_Kats_The_Radical_Squadron_Media_Update;19740

Majinsnake (talk) 06:19, 12 August 2014 (UTC)majinsnake

Joe Alaskey?
"After the death of Joe Alaskey on February 3, 2016," - I can't for the life of me figure out what Joe Alaskey has to do with Swat Kats. I think it should be changed to elaborate how he or his death are relevant or remove this phrase.

Video game not released in Japan?
This game has a Japanese SNES/SFC release date shown in the article. However, this game is not listed under the Wikipedia article "List of Super Famicom games", nor on snescentral.com or superfamicom.org. Where does this date come from? Unless a reputable citation is found, it should be removed from this article. Evidence suggests that this game was never released in Japan, at least not for the SNES/SFC platform. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kester Nethlo (talk • contribs) 19:00, 11 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes,, I believe so as well. It's not listed on Famitsu at all, and they list only two SFC games coming out on that day. This list shows all American released games, and it doesn't list the game either. I'm starting to suspect the game was never released. Further discussion of this should be at Talk:SWAT_Kats:_The_Radical_Squadron_(video_game) Harizotoh9 (talk) 19:36, 5 August 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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Reception and cancellation section is very misleading.
Ted Turner was talking about Beavis and Butthead in the "Reception and cancellation" section of this Swat Kats article. He was not in any way talking about cancelling Swat Kats for violence. Very misleading to readers of wikipedia. That entire part should be removed because it is trying to justify why it was cancelled, when that entire Ted Turner quote has nothing to do with Swat Kats. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.235.217.130 (talk) 02:38, 27 January 2019 (UTC)
 * There are 2 references in that section. The other cites the co-creator's claim that Turner's attitude toward cartoon violence was a factor in the show's cancellation.--174.221.13.251 (talk) 20:28, 15 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron


text:
Talk:Cannabis sativa

Cannabis Sativa is not from East Asia
Cannabis Sativa is indigenous to the southern basin of the the Caspian Sea. Early botanists found it grew wild in northern Persia but speculated it must only be indigenous to the Caucuses since they thought the ancient Greeks did not mention cannabis. In the 20th century numerous references to hemp and cannabis were found in Ancient Greek writings. The modern scientific consensus is that cannabis sativa is native to the Caucasuses and northern Persia. No scholars have postulated that cannabis sativa is indigenous to East Asia. 2601:8C:8202:9860:9907:32F9:DE70:99E3 (talk) 20:47, 29 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cannabis sativa


text: User talk:208.252.172.82

title: User talk:208.252.172.82


text:
Copper chloride

Copper chloride may refer to:

 * Copper(I) chloride (cuprous chloride), CuCl, mineral name nantokite
 * Copper(II) chloride (cupric chloride), CuCl2, mineral name eriochalcite

title: Copper chloride


text:
Nancy Blackett (cutter)

Nancy Blackett is a 28 ft, 7-ton (Thames Measurement), Bermuda rigged sailing cutter built in 1931. The boat is now owned and operated by The Nancy Blackett Trust.

Built by David Hillyard and originally named Spindrift at her launch in 1931 (and then renamed Electron by her next owner), she was bought by children's author Arthur Ransome in 1934 and renamed Nancy Blackett after the major character of the same name in his Swallows and Amazons series of children's books. He sailed her mostly on the east coast of England and the southern North Sea from her home port of Pin Mill near Harwich.

She is most notable for being the original of the fictional yacht Goblin in Ransome's book We Didn’t Mean to Go to Sea (1937), which recounts a voyage across the North Sea to the Dutch port of Vlissingen, called by the English name of Flushing in the book. Ransome made a similar voyage from Harwich to the Netherlands in 1936 and used his personal experience in the book.

Ransome's cruises also provided material for another book Secret Water (1939) set in the Walton backwaters.

Ransome sold Nancy Blackett in 1939 but always said that she was "the best little ship". In 1988, she was found rotting in Scarborough and subsequently purchased and restored. Following the restoration, she was sold to a private owner, who put her up for sale again in 1996. An appeal to Arthur Ransome fans raised the asking price and she was purchased and a Trust set up which owns, operates and maintains her.

The Nancy Blackett Trust was formed as a registered charity to preserve and sail her and to promote the sort of sailing activities dear to Ransome. The trust's patron is Ellen MacArthur. There have been some modern equipment updates to allow for her safe use by Trust members. She is available for sailing trips as well as appearing at maritime festivals and events and events associated with Ransome.

title: Nancy Blackett (cutter)


text:
User talk:Hippojazz

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Thanks for the spelling corrections on Areas of mathematics. Whoever was in charge of that article was not doing a good job. By the way, it is good if you put an edit summary when you make changes. For example, writing "spelling" in the edit summary would have alerted people what you changed (and would have put the maintaner of that page to shame :) Oleg Alexandrov 18:00, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hippojazz


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/1st U.S. Hussars

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 03:01, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

1st U.S. Hussars
VanityGeni 18:00, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, local social organisations are not inherently encyclopedic. Wyss 19:18, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, It's been said and also the article would have needed extensive cleanup. Inter 20:03, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, local vanity. Megan1967 01:28, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ditto, ditto, ditto. --BM 03:28, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.