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Lakewood, Dallas

Lakewood is a neighborhood in East Dallas, Texas (USA). It is adjacent to White Rock Lake and Northeast of Downtown Dallas. Lakewood is bound by Mockingbird Lane to the north, Abrams Road to the west, Gaston Avenue to the south, and White Rock Lake to the east.

About
Lakewood has the historic Lakewood Theater, which used to show classic films and host contemporary musical and comedy events. It has been renovated to house a bowling alley and gaming business, but retains the original exterior look and many interior elements. The Lakewood shopping area is an entire neighborhood of diverse restaurants and shopping venues. Nearby the Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Gardens has an extensive children's adventure garden housed within its 66 acres. Both overlook the White Rock Lake.

Lakewood is also home to Lakewood Country Club.

History

Lakewood proper is surrounded by a collection of historic neighborhoods, generally developed from the early 20th century to the 1950s, including Lakewood Heights, Junius Heights Historic District (Bungalow Heaven), Parks Estates, North Stonewall Terrace, Caruth Terrace, Wilshire Heights, Mockingbird Heights, Mockingbird Meadows, The Gated Cloisters, Hillside, Lakewood Hills (formerly Gastonwood-Coronado Hills), Hollywood Heights, and Belmont; among others. Commonly, people outside these neighborhoods group them together under the heading of Lakewood, The M-Streets, or Old East Dallas - which are overlapping regions in the near-eastern part of the city. Historic Swiss Avenue (Mansion Row) anchors the area towards Downtown.

Currently, there is a large number of Historic and Conservation Districts reflecting prodigious numbers of Craftsman, Prairie-Four Squares, Tudors, Spanish and Mediterranean Eclectic and Early Ranch homes, many of native Austin stone. Conservation Districts are zoning tools used by the city of Dallas to regulate various architectural aspects of a home's construction. The homes range from two-bedroom bungalows to massive estates on acreage. There are also duplexes, four-plexes and very small apartment complexes.

Some of the older, smaller homes are being torn down in favor of much larger, more expensive homes.

Government and infrastructure
The United States Postal Service operates the Lakewood Post Office at 6120 Swiss Avenue.

Public schools (DISD)
The Dallas Independent School District serves the Lakewood area. The area is within Trustee District 2D. In 2008 Jack Lowe represented the district, and it is now represented by Dustin Marshall.

Public schools serving the Lakewood subdivision include Lakewood Elementary School (K-5), J.L. Long Middle School (6-8), and Woodrow Wilson High School (9-12). Woodrow Wilson offers the IB Diploma Programme.

Eduardo Mata Montessori School, a K-8 school, gives second admission priority to people zoned to Woodrow Wilson High. Therefore, Lakewood is one of the neighborhoods with priority for the school.

Lakewood is also home of Lumin Education, a Montessori charter school serving ages 3 through 3rd grade.

Private schools

 * Lakehill Preparatory School
 * Saint Thomas Aquinas School

Preschool programs
Lakewood Early Childhood PTA serves the area.

Public libraries
The Dallas Public Library Lakewood Branch is located at 6121 Worth Street, 75214. The library is in Junius Heights.

Postal services
The United States Postal Service operates the Lakewood Post Office at 6120 Swiss Avenue, 75214-9998.

Entertainment
The Shakespeare Festival of Dallas debuted in 1972 in the Bandshell at Fair Park before moving to its current home at Samuell Grand Amphitheatre — appropriately in Samuell Grand Park — in 1989.

Media
Advocate Magazines is the local magazine that covers a variety of neighborhood topics and has served the community since 1991.

Notable residents
• Dusty Hill - ZZ Top (1949-2021)

title: Lakewood, Dallas


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Francisco Mignone

Francisco Paulo Mignone (September 3, 1897, São Paulo – February 19, 1986, Rio de Janeiro) was one of the most significant figures in Brazilian classical music, and one of the most significant Brazilian composers after Heitor Villa-Lobos. In 1968 he was chosen as Brazilian composer of the year.

Life and career
A graduate of the São Paulo Conservatory and then of the Milan Conservatory, Mignone returned to São Paulo in 1929 to teach harmony, and in 1933 took a post in Rio de Janeiro at the Escola Nacional de Música. Mignone was a versatile composer, dividing his output nearly evenly between solo songs, piano pieces, chamber instrumental works, orchestral works, and choral works. In addition, he wrote five operas and eight ballets.

Son of the Italian immigrant flutist Alferio Mignone, Francisco was already making his mark upon the musical world of Brazil by the time he was 10 years old, gaining notoriety around his district playing in the choro style. A pianist and orchestra leader at 13, he had gained some fame composing and playing under the pseudonym of Chico Bororó, keeping these activities separate from his formal music training. His works may be divided into three compositional periods. His early works show the Italian influences and Romantic sensibilities of his training in Milan. An orchestral piece from his first opera of this early period was premiered in Rio de Janeiro by Richard Strauss conducting the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, in 1923. Much of Mignone's music is strongly nationalistic in flavor; influenced by the nationalistic movement of his former schoolmate and teacher, the musicologist and writer Mário de Andrade, Mignone uses the folk and popular melodies and forms of his native Brazil as a basis for his compositions. (Andrade reportedly said, "In Italian music, Mignone will be one more among a rich and numerous school, to which he does not add anything. Here, he will be of indispensable value.") From 1929 until 1960 his work was most strongly characterized by this nationalism, during which he composed such pieces as the Fantasias Brasileiras and his ballets Maracatu do Chico Rei and Leilão. His solo vocal and piano works of this time earned him particular acclaim for their expression of Brazilian musical styles, such as the choro, the modinha, and the valsas (waltzes) reminiscent of strolling serenaders.

Mignone's music is noted for its lyricism, colorful instrumentation, and improvisatory style. Most of his early works are tonal, as is typical of the popular and folk music, though later in his career he branched out into polytonal, atonal, and serial writing. In the late 1950s Mignone drifted away from the nationalistic music and toward the then-current trends in academic concert music, composing works such as his 1958 Piano Concerto, which showcase his skillful instrumentation and bravura writing. Mignone was capable of writing in a variety of styles and his works of the early 1960s and beyond are noted for their eclecticism; it is difficult to find any other unifying feature. However, he returned to nationalistic writing toward his last few years.

Mignone married Liddy Chiafarelli Mignone, who died in a plane crash in 1962. Later, he married Maria Josephina Mignone with whom he frequently played duets. His students included the Brazilian composer Clorinda Rosato.

Mignone died in Rio de Janeiro, age 88. His wife, who founded the Francisco Mignone Cultural Center and continued to perform and interpret his music, died in July 2024, aged 101.

Notable works

 * O contratador de diamantes, opera, 1921
 * Congada (from O contratador), orchestra, 1921
 * L'innocente, opera, 1928
 * Seis líricas, vocal, 1932
 * Maracatu do Chico Rei, ballet, 1933
 * Variações sobre um tema brasileiro, cello and orchestra, 1935
 * Fantasias brasileiras nos.1–4, piano and orchestra, 1929-1936
 * Babaloxá, orchestra, 1936
 * Mizú, operetta, 1937
 * Quatro líricas, vocal, 1938
 * Festa das igrejas, orchestra, 1940
 * Leilão, ballet, 1941
 * O espantalho, ballet, 1941
 * Iara, ballet, 1942
 * Pousa a mão na minha testa, vocal, 1942
 * Valsas de esquina nos.1–12, piano, 1938–43
 * O guarda chuva, ballet, 1953
 * Valsas choros 1–12, piano, 1946–55
 * Piano Concerto, 1958
 * Tres Valsas Brasileiras (1968) Viola e Piano
 * Sugestões sinfônicas, tone poem-ballet, 1969
 * Doze Estudos, guitar, 1970
 * 12 Valsas para Violão , guitar, 1970
 * Variações em busca de um tema, orchestra, 1972
 * O chalaça, opera, 1973
 * O sargento de milícias, opera, 1978
 * Quincas Berro d'Agua, ballet, 1979
 * Valsa brasileira nos.4–12, piano, 1979
 * O Caçador de esmeraldas, ballet, 1980
 * 16 valsas para fagote solo, bassoon, 1982

Recordings

 * Francisco Mignone: 12 Studies for Guitar (Da Vinci C00614), played by Cyro Delvizio

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Francisco Mignone


text:
Mickelsson's Ghosts

Mickelsson's Ghosts, published in 1982, is American writer John Gardner's ninth novel. It was the final novel published during Gardner’s lifetime.

Synopsis
On the “Acknowledgments” page of the novel, Gardner says that the town of Susquehanna, Pennsylvania is the “fictionalized setting of most of this novel’s action.” The main protagonist is Peter Mickelsson, at onetime “a frequently written about football player,” but now a Professor of Philosophy at Binghamton University. Mickelsson is driven, opinionated, probably a drunk, definitely bankrupt, and perhaps is losing his sanity.

During his personal descent into some kind of madness or dark night of the soul, which he seems powerless to stop, Mickelsson buys a farmhouse in northern Pennsylvania's Endless Mountains. Purportedly, it was once owned by Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormon religion. The farmhouse seems to be haunted by the ghosts of an incestuous family.

Meanwhile, the self-destructive Mickelsson has several affairs including one with Donnie, a young teenage prostitute who becomes pregnant; and another affair with a fellow faculty member who attempts to help him put his life back together. Mickelsson also inadvertently causes a death, and becomes involved with a sectarian religious group which may be in Mickelsson's imagination.

The ghosts of the title refer not just to individuals, but types. Although traditional ghost stories stick to one of three different kinds of ghosts, Gardner uniquely populates this novel with all three: real supernatural entities, "psychological" ghosts that originate in the imaginings of a character, and supernatural-seeming occurrences that have natural explanations. Although Mickelsson seems irredeemable, evident throughout is Gardner's sympathy toward all his characters however dissipated.

Reception
At the time of its publication in 1982, many reviews of Mickelsson's Ghosts expressed “disapproval,” and were “tepid, if not harsh,” as Gardner’s biographer Barry Silesky has noted. For example, Kirkus Reviews called the book "a fascinating, oddly depressing failure".

There were even two opposing views of the novel that appeared in the same publication. In the New York Times book critic Benjamin DeMott disliked the novel, whereas critic Anatole Broyard deemed it an enjoyable success. DeMott thought that Gardner was unable to pull off the task and the standard he himself had set with his previous work, especially Nickel Mountain.

DeMott also believed that Gardner was unable to tie together the various threads of the novel’s plot into (simultaneously) a campus novel, a philosophical novel, and a mystery tale: "“the marriage of philosophy and mystery doesn't come off, largely, I think, because as Gardner thickens his plot he thins out his voice. The Mormon line of narrative in Mickelsson's Ghosts brings with it a termitelike infestation of crime-story cliche. The novelist's voice grows duller and flatter -loses variousness and flexibility.”"

On the other hand, Broyard said there were many different ways of enjoying the novel:"“Mr. Gardner is an old-fashioned novelist in the best sense - he gives you more people, places, problems and ideas to think about than you can possibly deal with. It's as if the world had suddenly become unbearably vivid again, after all our disillusionment and irony.”"

Since the initial “mixed” and “tepid” reception of Mickelsson's Ghosts in the early 1980s, the novel has slowly gained in stature, and now is viewed as one of Gardner’s important novelistic achievements. Significantly, New Directions Publishing reissued the book in 2008.

title: Mickelsson's Ghosts


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Goukouni Oueddei

Goukouni Oueddei (كوكوني عويدي Kūkūnī ʿWaīday; born 1944) is a Chadian politician who served as President of Chad from 1979 to 1982.

A northerner, Goukouni commanded FROLINAT rebels with Libyan support during the first Chadian Civil War against Chad's southern-dominated government. Upon the rebel victory and the resignation of President Felix Malloum in 1979, he became the new president of Chad's new transitional coalition government by the terms of the Lagos Accord, with rival fellow rebel commander Hissène Habré as defense minister. Goukouni pursued a pro-Libya policy; continued differences with Habré, who opposed Libya, led to him being overthrown by Habré's forces in 1982. He then became the foremost opponent to Habré's new government, and fought against him during the Libyan-Chadian conflict as a Libyan-backed rebel leader. In 1985, due to a supposed rift with his Libyan allies, he went into exile.

Biography
Goukouni is from the northern half of the country and is the son of Oueddei Kichidemi, derde of the Teda. He entered politics in the late 1960s as a militant in the National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT) led by Abba Siddick. FROLINAT resented the political dominance enjoyed by southerners under the presidency of François Tombalbaye and advocated the participation of central and northern peoples. After Tombalbaye's assassination in 1975, tensions between the two geographical halves of the country escalated into a convoluted civil war that involved several Chadian political groups, Libya, the United States, and France. The conflict lasted through the 1980s. Goukouni viewed the dictatorial Tombalbaye regime as an instrument of continued French hegemony in Chad.

President
Goukouni was installed as interim Chadian head of state on 23 March 1979. He was acclaimed President of the Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT), which sought reconciliation between warring factions, on 10 November 1979. Goukouni, a Cold War neutralist who supported Libya, was Head of State; Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué (a southern moderate) was Vice President; Hissène Habré (a pro-West northerner) was Minister of Defence; and Acyl Ahmat (a strongly pro-Libyan Arab) was Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Personal rivalries (especially between erstwhile allies Goukouni and Habré) limited the government's effectiveness and contributed to the perception of Goukouni as an indecisive puppet of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. There was even a Libyan proposal to annex Chad, which drew opposition from all ideological camps. In a last-ditch attempt to salvage his beleaguered government, Goukouni appointed Djidingar Dono Ngardoum as prime minister on 19 May 1982. The GUNT was, however, overthrown by Habré loyalists on 7 June 1982. Goukouni fled from N'Djamena across the Chari River into Cameroon; he subsequently went into exile in Tripoli, Libya. Acyl died in an unrelated accident, and Kamougué lost much of his base as Habré consolidated his power into a centralized military dictatorship.

With Libya
By 1983, Goukouni returned to Chad with substantial Libyan assistance to fight the Habré régime through guerrilla warfare. He was the most recognized Chadian oppositionist, whose views carried significant weight, though Habré granted only limited concessions in an attempt to reconcile with Goukouni. The former president reportedly demanded a new constitution and liberalization of political party activity, to which Habré did not accede.

He was placed under house arrest in August 1985 in Tripoli when the Libyan government disapproved his intentions of negotiating a truce with Habré. In October 1985, Libyan police arrested Goukouni, and in the process they shot him in the stomach. He then broke with the Libyans and went into exile in Algiers instead in February 1987. However, some questioned whether he had truly broken with the Libyans, and in July 1987 he said that he was on good terms with them.

Goukouni met with Chadian President Idriss Déby on 17 April 2007 in Libreville, Gabon, to discuss ways to end the Second Chadian Civil War. Saying that Chad was in grave danger, Goukouni expressed a hope that he could use his "moral authority" to save it. He said that in turn he wanted to be allowed to return to Chad from exile in the future, and he said that Déby had agreed to that. On 19 April, the leaders of two rebel groups rejected Goukouni's offer to mediate.

Goukouni returned to Chad on 30 July 2007, along with about twenty other exiled opponents of the regime, for a discussion with Déby regarding the rebellion and how to resolve the situation. Goukouni and the others left Chad and returned to Libreville later on the same day.

He met with Nigerien President Mamadou Tandja on 4 March 2008, discussing the situation in Chad following the February 2008 Battle of N'Djamena.

In 2013 his youngest child, Saadie Goukouni Weddeye, was appointed to the Chadian government as Minister of Social Action.

Special envoy
Amidst the 2015 Burundian unrest, central African leaders, including Déby, designated Goukouni as special envoy to the Great Lakes region on 25 May 2015 in order to help resolve the situation in Burundi.

title: Goukouni Oueddei


text:
File:Sebastiano Bado book.jpg

Cover of Sebastiano Bado's book (1683) describing the chinchona tree, from which quinine was extracted for malarial treatment.

title: File:Sebastiano Bado book.jpg


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Samurai Trilogy

The Samurai Trilogy is a film trilogy directed by Hiroshi Inagaki and starring Toshiro Mifune as Musashi Miyamoto and Kōji Tsuruta as Kojirō Sasaki. The films are based on Musashi, a novel by Eiji Yoshikawa about the famous duelist and author of The Book of Five Rings.

The three films are:
 * Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto (1954)
 * Samurai II: Duel at Ichijoji Temple (1955)
 * Samurai III: Duel at Ganryu Island (1956)

Together, they are a trilogy following the character growth of Musashi from brash—yet strong—young soldier to thoughtful and introspective samurai.

The choreography for the films was by Yoshio Sugino of the Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū.

Reception and influence
Samurai I won the 1955 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

In a review almost 60 years after the release of the trilogy, the late academic and film critic Stephen Prince noted "the absence of gore" in the films: "Severed limbs and spurting arteries hadn't yet arrived as a movie convention, and the fights in The Samurai Trilogy are relatively chaste, not showing the carnage that such duels would have actually resulted in".

The trilogy became an influence for future films.

title: Samurai Trilogy


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WHYY-FM

WHYY-FM (90.9 MHz, "91 FM") is a public radio station licensed to serve Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its broadcast tower is located in the city's Roxborough section of the city at (40.04192°N, -75.23942°W) while its studios and offices are located on Independence Mall in Center City Philadelphia. The station, owned by WHYY, Inc., is a charter member of NPR and contributes several programs to the national network.

History
WHYY signed on the air on December 14, 1954, owned by the Metropolitan Philadelphia Educational Radio and Television Corporation. It was the first educational station in Philadelphia. The transmitter, originally located at 17th and Sansom Streets in Philadelphia, was donated by Westinghouse Broadcasting. In 1957, it added a sister television station, WHYY-TV on channel 35.

In 1963, WHYY-TV moved from channel 35 in Philadelphia to the stronger channel 12 in Wilmington, Delaware. At the time, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations did not allow co-owned stations in different broadcast services to share the same base callsign if they did not have the same or adjoining city of license. As a result, the radio station was forced to change its call sign and became WUHY-FM to match the renamed WUHY-TV on channel 35. The FCC removed this restriction in 1983 and the radio station was allowed to reclaim the WHYY-FM calls.

When NPR was formed in 1970, the station became a charter member and was one of the 90 stations that carried the initial broadcast of All Things Considered.

Programs produced

 * NPR: Fresh Air with Terry Gross, a Peabody Award–winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues, is one of public radio's most popular programs. 5.3 million people listen to the broadcast on 640 National Public Radio stations across the country, as well as in Europe on the World Radio Network. The program originated in 1975 as a local show before going national in 1987.
 * Radio Times With Marty Moss-Coane, a daily hour-long program that tackles a wide range of issues.
 * You Bet Your Garden (1998–2018), an organic gardening call-in talk show hosted by Mike McGrath that moved to WLVT in Bethlehem in 2018.
 * Voices in the Family with Dr. Dan Gottlieb, psychologist and family therapist, along with guest experts, opens the line to callers to discuss issues that affect individuals and society, with special focus on family issues. Its executive producer is Maiken Scott, WHYY's Behavioral Health Reporter.
 * The Pulse is a show that focuses on stories at the heart of health, science and innovation in the Philadelphia region. The show is hosted by WHYY's Behavioral Health Reporter Maiken Scott and distributed on the Public Radio Exchange.

Format change
Until 1990, WHYY served the region as a non-commercial station with a format that featured mostly classical music with some jazz and folk music. The management decision to establish a news/talk radio format was a departure from the classical music that most public radio stations were programming. The format switch left the privately owned WFLN as the only Philadelphia classical station and resulted in protests from many of the station's listening audience who were among WHYY's major contributors. After WFLN's new owners also abandoned the classical format in the late 1990s, Temple University's WRTI (90.1 FM) began programming classical music during the day to serve the displaced listeners.

CEO controversy
Controversy erupted in the summer of 2007 when station Chief Executive Officer Bill Marrazzo was cited by the watchdog group Charity Navigator as the highest paid CEO in all of public broadcasting.

In an August 2007 article, popular Philadelphia Inquirer columnist Karen Heller called for a boycott of WHYY. And in September 2007 an anonymous group of WHYY employees sent an open letter to Marrazzo, the Inquirer, the Philadelphia Daily News and Philadelphia magazine, accusing him of "a serious lack of understanding when it comes to creating ... a healthy workplace" and assailing his salary as "excessive and inappropriate". The five-page letter concluded with a call for Marrazzo to resign.

New Jersey expansion and controversy
On June 6, 2011, the New Jersey Public Broadcasting Authority agreed to sell five FM stations in Southern New Jersey to WHYY. The purchase was made through an anonymous one-million dollar grant and a non-cash agreement that included scholarships for students and teachers. The five stations were previously the southern portion of the New Jersey Network's statewide radio service.

The transaction was announced by Governor Chris Christie, as part of his long-term goal to end state-subsidized public broadcasting. The governor's critics maintained that scrapping New Jersey Network effectively ended all non-commercial statewide news coverage. It was also noted that the sale eliminated a source of legislative oversight frequently critical of the Christie administration.

WHYY assumed control of the stations through a management agreement on July 1, 2011, pending FCC approval for the acquisition. At that point, the stations began to simulcast WHYY-FM programming. The five stations are:

The stations all operate at relatively low power due to the crowded state of the noncommercial end of the FM dial in the northeastern United States. They primarily serve areas of southern New Jersey not covered by the main WHYY-FM signal, which itself operates at a relatively modest 13,500 watts. However, their combined footprint extends WHYY-FM's coverage from Berks County to the Jersey Shore.

In November 2022, WHYY began to reduce its New Jersey radio footprint by announcing that it would sell WNJB-FM to non-profit Christian Broadcast, The Bridge of Hope, Inc., which owns WKNZ in Harrington, Delaware. The sale was approved by the FCC and was later completed in February 2023.

In March 2023, WHYY also announced that it would sell WNJS-FM to the Bux-Mont Educational Radio Association which owns WRDV for $110,000. The sale of the station was consummated on June 15, 2023.

Billy Penn
In April 2019 WHYY acquired local news web site Billy Penn. At its 2014 founding, the site was conceived as a "mobile-first" site packaging local news for millennials. The purchase was compared to New York public radio station WNYC buying the Gothamist in February 2018.

title: WHYY-FM


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User:Earthmayor

Ridhzian is my name
Hello..

My name is Ridhzian. But i guess you guys can call me Ridz. Most people mistake me for a guy. But i would like to iterate that i am NOT a guy. But heck.. Call me whatever you want. As long as we get along ok, it's fine by me.

I'm from Johor, Malaysia. I work in a company in Kuala Lumpur. In my free time like to read about historical stuff on the net. Somehow i came across Wikipedia and loved it immediately. So now i'm here. And i'd like to help out if i can.

Anyway, i donno what else to say in here. Maybe i'll edit this again some other time, when i do have something good to say and tell you guys about me.

Some articles that i've worked on

 * Hari Merdeka

Something interesting

 * Wikipedians/Malaysia

title: User:Earthmayor


text:
Kalighat Home for the Dying

Kalighat, the Home of the Pure Heart (Nirmal Hriday) (formerly Mother Teresa's Kalighat Home for the Dying Destitutes) is a hospice for the sick, destitute and the dying established by St. Mother Teresa in Kalighat, Kolkata, India. Before Mother Teresa sought permission to use it, the building was an old abandoned Hindu temple to the goddess Kali, the Hindu goddess of time and change. It was founded by St. Mother Teresa on her 42nd birthday in 1952, two years after she established Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata.

St. Mother Teresa opened this free hospice in 1952, next to the famous Kalighat Kali Temple in Kalighat Calcutta. With the help of Indian officials, she changed an abandoned building which previously served as a temple for the Hindu goddess Kali into the "Kalighat home for the dying", a free hospice for the poor. Later on she changed the name to "Kalighat the Home of the Pure Heart (Nirmal Hriday)". People who were brought to the home received medical attention from the Missionaries of Charity and were given the opportunity to die with dignity, according to the rituals of their faith; Muslims were read the Quran, Hindus received water from the Ganges, and Catholics received the Last Rites. "A beautiful death," she said, "is for people who lived like animals to die like angels—loved and wanted."

Quality of medical care
In 1994, Robin Fox, then editor of the British medical journal The Lancet, visited the Home for Dying Destitutes in Calcutta (now Kolkata) and described the medical care the patients received as "haphazard". He observed that sisters and volunteers, some of whom had no medical knowledge, frequently made decisions about patient care because of the lack of doctors in the hospice: "There are doctors that call in from time to time," Fox wrote, "but usually the sisters and volunteers (some of whom have medical knowledge) make decisions as best they can." Fox witnessed one patient with high fever being treated with paracetamol and tetracycline, an antibiotic, only to be diagnosed later with malaria by a visiting doctor, who prescribed chloroquine. Fox specifically held Teresa responsible for these conditions, writing, "Mother Theresa prefers providence to planning". Fox also observed that staff either declined to use or lacked access to blood films or "simple algorithms that might help the sisters distinguish" between curable and incurable patients: "Investigations, I was told, are seldom permissible".

Fox conceded that the regimen he observed included "cleanliness, the tending of wounds and sores, and loving kindness", but critiqued the sisters' "spiritual approach" to managing pain: "I was disturbed to learn that the formulary includes no strong analgesics. Along with the neglect of diagnosis, the lack of good analgesia marks Mother Theresa's approach as clearly separate from the hospice movement. I know which I prefer."

Mary Loudon, who volunteered at the same facility, observed "syringes run under cold water and reused, aspirin given to those with terminal cancer, and cold baths given to everyone" as well as overcrowding. Loudon also recalled speaking with a visiting doctor whose fifteen-year-old patient was dying because the sisters had not given him antibiotics for a "relatively simple kidney complaint", and refused to transfer him to a nearby hospital for a needed operation.

There have been a series of other reports documenting inattention to medical care in the order's facilities. Similar points of view have also been expressed by some former volunteers who worked for Teresa's order. Mother Teresa herself referred to the facilities as "Houses of the Dying".

In 2013, in a comprehensive review covering 96% of the literature on Mother Teresa, a group of Université de Montréal academics reinforced the foregoing criticism, detailing, among other issues, the missionary's practice of "caring for the sick by glorifying their suffering instead of relieving it, ... her questionable political contacts, her suspicious management of the enormous sums of money she received, and her overly dogmatic views regarding, in particular, abortion, contraception, and divorce". Questioning the Vatican's motivations for ignoring the mass of criticism, the study concluded that Mother Teresa's "hallowed image – which does not stand up to analysis of the facts – was constructed, and that her beatification was orchestrated by an effective media relations campaign" engineered by the Catholic convert and anti-abortion BBC journalist Malcolm Muggeridge.

Baptisms of the dying
St. Mother Teresa encouraged members of her order to baptize dying patients, without regard to the individual's religion. In a speech at the Scripps Clinic in California in January 1992, she said: "Something very beautiful... not one has died without receiving the special ticket for St. Peter, as we call it. We call baptism ticket for St. Peter. We ask the person, do you want a blessing by which your sins will be forgiven and you receive God? They have never refused. So 29,000 have died in that one house [in Kalighat] from the time we began in 1952."

Critics have argued that patients were not provided sufficient information to make an informed decision about whether they wanted to be baptized and the theological significance of a Christian baptism.

Some of St. Mother Teresa's defenders have argued that baptisms are either soul-saving or harmless and hence the criticisms would be pointless (a variant of Pascal's Wager). Simon Leys, in a letter to The New York Review of Books, wrote: "Either you believe in the supernatural effect of this gesture – and then you should dearly wish for it. Or you do not believe in it, and the gesture is as innocent and well-meaningly innocuous as chasing a fly away with a wave of the hand."

title: Kalighat Home for the Dying


text:
Lois T. Henderson

Lois T. Henderson is an American author of Christian novels, many of which are dramatizations of Biblical narratives about women.

Fiction

 * The Holy Experiment: a Novel About the Harmonist Society (1974) ISBN 0-682-48115-7
 * Hagar: a Novel (1978). About the slave girl who bore Abraham's son. This work was a finalist for the Gold Medallion Book Award of the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association. ISBN 0-915684-29-2
 * Lydia: a Novel (1979). About the seller of purple who was Paul's first Christian convert in Europe. ISBN 0-915684-32-2
 * The Blessing Deer (1980). ISBN 0-89191-244-4
 * Abigail: a Novel (1980). About the second wife of King David
 * Ruth: a Novel (1981). About the woman from Moab who eventually became the wife of Boaz, a relative of King David. ISBN 0-915684-91-8
 * A Candle in the Dark (1982). ISBN 0-89191-504-4
 * Miriam: a Novel (1983). ISBN 0-06-063867-2
 * Touch of the Golden Scepter (1983). ISBN 0-85421-995-1
 * Her Contrary Heart (1984). ISBN 0-8423-1401-6
 * Priscilla and Aquila: A Novel [with Harold Ivan Smith] (1985). ISBN 0-06-063868-0

Nonfiction

 * The Opening Doors: My Child's First Eight Years Without Sight (1954).
 * Do You Believe in Miracles (1965).
 * Another Way of Seeing (1982). ISBN 0-915684-99-3

Translated into German

 * Die Purpur-Händlerin von Philippi (Lydia) [Translator: KH Neumann (1985)] ISBN 3-87482-120-X Leuchter Verlag eG - D-6106 Erzhausen
 * ''Von Moab nach Bethlehem" (Ruth) [Bestell Nr. 20 097 vom Leuchter Verlag eG]

title: Lois T. Henderson


text:
Talk:Anti-authoritarianism

Untitled
I was wondering how anti-authoritarianism differs with anarchism, specifically. Is it that it's more just a way of going about things than a broad theory? It's just that I've never seen anyone proclaim to be anti-authoritarian but not an anarchist, and obviously all anarchists are anti-authoritarian. --Tothebarricades.tk 03:54, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * In my understanding anarchy is a pretty unequivical rejection of anything resembling a state, anti-authoritarian is more open ended. I'm tempted to make the analogy that anarchism is to anti-authoritarianism as atheism is to agnosticism. --Brian Z 04:50, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

I'd like a source for the definition: "Anti-authoritarianism is the belief that communities should have the right to govern themselves and not be ruled by an outside force." Or, I'm just going to have a put in a definition from the dictionary. I think this article is absurd. RJII 16:22, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Merriam-Webster defines it as ": opposed or hostile to authoritarians or authoritarianism". Then it defines authoritarianism as : 1 : of, relating to, or favoring blind submission to authority  2 : of, relating to, or favoring a concentration of power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible to the people"

RJII 16:32, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Here's one from Roget's Thesaurus: authoritarianism: "A political doctrine advocating the principle of absolute rule: absolutism, autocracy, despotism, dictatorship, totalitarianism" ...so from that anti-authoritarianism would be anti-dictatorship ...not anarchist as the article was claiming. RJII 16:40, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Regardless of what the dictionaries say, it should be mentioned somewhere that anarchists generally use the term as meaning opposition to any kind of authority, primarily the state and capitalism, but also other institutions of domination like patriarchy and religion. [[Image:Anarchy symbol neat.png|15px]]narkisto 19:53, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

All those "citation needed" things should be taken out. If you know anything about anti-authoritarianism, you know these basic facts describing it. It's not like they're derived from original research or controversial understandings of anti-authoritarian movements. They're just basic, encyclopedic info. Aroundthewayboy 19:27, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

VfD results
This article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. For details, please see Votes for deletion/Anti-authoritarian. -- BD2412 talk 04:50, August 16, 2005 (UTC)

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Barbara Hale

Barbara Hale (April 18, 1922 – January 26, 2017) was an American actress who portrayed legal secretary Della Street in the dramatic television series Perry Mason (1957–1966), earning her a 1959 Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. She reprised the role in 30 Perry Mason made-for-television movies (1985–1995).

Early life
Barbara Hale was born in DeKalb, Illinois, to Wilma (née Colvin) and Luther Ezra Hale, a landscape gardener. She had one sister, Juanita, for whom Hale's younger daughter was named. The family was of Scottish and Irish ancestry. In 1940, Hale was a member of the final graduating class from Rockford High School in Rockford, Illinois. She then attended the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, planning to be an artist. Her performing career began in Chicago, when she started modeling to pay for her education.

Film
Hale moved to Hollywood in 1943, and under contract to RKO Radio Pictures, made her first screen appearance (uncredited) in Gildersleeve's Bad Day. She continued to make small, uncredited appearances in films, until her first credited role as a glamorous debutante alongside Frank Sinatra in Higher and Higher (1943) (even singing with him in the film). Hale had leading roles in RKO features including West of the Pecos (1945) with Robert Mitchum in his second film as the leading man, Lady Luck (1946) — opposite Robert Young in what she described as her first "full stardom" and "her fifth A picture" — and The Window (1949).

Hale left RKO in 1949 and was signed by Columbia Pictures. She received excellent notices for her co-starring performance opposite Larry Parks in the musical biography Jolson Sings Again (1949). She and Parks were teamed for subsequent films.

Hale's run of successful movies continued during the 1950s: the adventure Lorna Doone (1951); the comedy The Jackpot (with James Stewart) (also 1951); the drama A Lion Is in the Streets (1953) with James Cagney, and the Westerns Seminole (also 1953) and The Oklahoman (1957). The latter film, co-starring Joel McCrea, would mark Hale's last leading role in a motion picture.

She seldom appeared in motion pictures thereafter, but was part of an all-star cast in the 1970 movie Airport, playing the wife of an airline pilot (played by Dean Martin). Hale's final appearance in a feature film was in the 1978 drama Big Wednesday as Mrs. Barlow, the mother of the character played by Hale's real-life son William Katt.

Television
Hale was considering retirement from acting when she accepted her best known role, as legal secretary Della Street in the television series Perry Mason, starring Raymond Burr as the titular character. The show ran for nine seasons from 1957 to 1966, with 271 episodes produced. The role won Hale a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.

In 1985, Hale and Burr (by then the only surviving cast members from the original series) reprised their roles for the TV movie Perry Mason Returns. The film was such a ratings hit that a further 29 movies were produced until 1995. Hale continued her role as Della in the four telefilms produced after Burr's death in 1993, subtitled A Perry Mason Mystery (and starring Paul Sorvino as Anthony Caruso in the first film and Hal Holbrook as "Wild" Bill McKenzie in the remaining three). Hale is thus the only actor to feature in all 30 films.

Hale's son William Katt played detective Paul Drake, Jr., alongside Hale in nine of the Perry Mason TV movies from 1985 to 1988. Hale in turn guest-starred on Katt's series, The Greatest American Hero in which Katt played the title role, aka Ralph Hinkley; Hale played Hinkley's mother in the 1982 episode, "Who's Woo in America". She also played his mother in the 1978 movie Big Wednesday.

Hale guest-starred in "Murder Impromptu", a 1971 episode of Ironside, Burr's first post-Perry Mason series.

Her last on-screen appearance was a TV biographical documentary about Burr that aired in 2000.

Radio
Hale's activity in radio was limited; she appeared in one episode each of Voice of the Army (1947), Lux Radio Theatre (1950), and Proudly We Hail (syndicated), as well as five episodes of Family Theater (1950–1954).

Spokeswoman
When the Amana Corporation wanted a spokeswoman for its new Radarange microwave ovens, Barbara Hale was selected, her friendly personality already familiar to millions of women viewers. In each of Hale's TV commercials, she would mention the company's slogan: "If it doesn't say Amana, it's not a Radarange."

Private life and death
In 1945, during the filming of West of the Pecos, Hale met actor Bill Williams (birth name Herman August Wilhelm Katt). They were married on June 22, 1946. The couple had two daughters, Jodi and Juanita, and a son, actor William Katt.

Hale became a follower of the Baháʼí Faith.

Hale died at her home in Sherman Oaks, California, on January 26, 2017, at age 94 of complications from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Accolades
Hale was recognized as a Star of Television (with a marker at 1628 Vine Street) on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960. She won the Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actress (Continuing Character) in a Dramatic Series in 1959 and was nominated for the Emmy for Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actor or Actress in a Series in 1961.

She was presented one of the Golden Boot Awards in 2001 for her contributions to western cinema.

title: Barbara Hale


text: User talk:69.201.126.106

title: User talk:69.201.126.106


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Portuguese European Constitution referendum

The Portuguese referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was a planned referendum to be held on October 9, 2005 to decide whether the Portugal should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union.

On 12 March 2005, the Prime Minister José Sócrates said that he would seek to have the Constitution of Portugal amended to allow that a referendum be held on October 9, 2005 alongside the municipal elections taking place at that time. The agreement between the two main parties was made on 1 June 2005.

According to the Portuguese Constitution, the result of the referendum is binding if more than of half of registered voters turn out. The text was to have been revised in June 2005 with the express purpose of allowing the referendum to be held on the same day as the municipal elections. This was the second time the Portuguese Constitution has been revised because of the European Constitution, as the original version did not allow referendums on international treaties.

Following the rejection of the European Constitution by voters in France in May 2005 and in the Netherlands in June 2005, and the extension granted to the ratification deadline, José Sócrates announced on 17 June 2005 that the government would postpone the referendum.

Initial plans and delay
The referendum was initially scheduled for April 2005 using the question "Do you agree with the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the rule of qualified majority voting and the new institutional framework of the EU, as defined by the European Constitution?", since Portugal's Constitution does not allow the text of a treaty to be put on a referendum directly.

However, in December 2004, the Constitutional Court of Portugal rejected the proposed question, deeming it unclear. This resulted in the delay to the whole process, as a constitutional amendment would be required before allowing a referendum on the treaty itself.


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Talk:Don Mueang International Airport

Untitled
The official airport name i--Redflowers 14:10, 4 July 2006 (UTC)s Bangkok International Airport located in Don Muang district, north of bangkok. Although it's known that anytime we -the natives- say "Don Muang" it means Bangkok Airport, we didn't call "ท่าอาการศยานดอนเมือง" or "Don Muang Airport". We just say "Don Muang" or "Bangkok Airport".
 * The name Don Mueang Airport was the airport's old name when it moved from Sa Pathum palace. Then it was changed to Bangkok Airport and Bangkok International Airport. And... it still uses that name to date even though all commercial flight moved to Suvarnabhumi Airport. Bangkok Airport will be used for charter flight, Government officer's filght.BratBoyz 15:57, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Opened in 1914 and the airfield was in use earlier? Seems a bit early to me. — KayEss | talk 04:00, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Managed to find some early history to confirm this. It has now been added to the article   — KayEss | talk 04:26, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Johannesburg
Flights due to start in Oct. 2006 Grusl 21:19, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

state-owned company or a private one?
Can anyone show me wether the Bangkok International Airport is a state-owned company or a private company?

Thanks,

--Redflowers 14:10, 4 July 2006 (UTC) Bangkok Int'l Airport is owned by Airports of Thailand Public Company Limited;AOT(http://www.airportthai.co.th), which is a listed company in the Stock Exchange of Thailand. However, the largest shareholder of AOT is still Thai's Ministry of Finance with a 70% stake, while the remaining 30% held by institutional and retail investors.

Official name is Suvarnabhumi Airport
The official name of the airport is Suvarnabhumi Airport. With the closing of Don Muang International Airport, it is Bangkok's international airport, and the name Bangkok International Airport should redirect to Suvarnabhumi Airport, not the other way around. -Wisekwai 03:54, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

The page move
Here's how it should be:
 * Suvarnabhumi Airport should be the name of the article. Like it or not, Suvarnabhumi Airport is official name of the airport.
 * Don Mueang International Airport should be the name of the old airport article.
 * Bangkok International Airport should be a disambiguation page, which gives links to both the old and new airports. Or, the link is a redirect to Suvarnabhumi (not the other way around) and then a disambig link to the Don Mueang article should be placed at the top of the Suvarnabhumi page.

I'm not sure where the talk pages fit in this mess, though I suppose the related talk pages for Don Mueang (old Bangkok International Airport) and Suvarnabhumi (new airport) should stay with their respective pages.

An admin will have to do this move to sort the talk pages out. A request has been put in at Requested moves--Wisekwai 04:14, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * What's wrong with Suvarnabhumi being known as Bangkok International Airport? I know Suvarnabhumi is the official name, but to make it easy, just let Suvarnabhumi be Bangkok International Aiport. At the start of Suvarnabhumi's article, there can be a sentence like this Bangkok International Airport redirects here. For the old airport, see Don Mueang International Airport. --Ter e nce Ong (T 05:40, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
 * In the case of that redirect example, that would be if Suvarnabhumi was the name of the page. I think the best solution would be to name the page Suvarnabhumi Airport and have Bangkok International Airport redirect to it. Then a disambig link at the top could read something like. This page is about the New Bangkok International Airport. For the old airport, see Don Mueang International Airport. --Wisekwai 06:01, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Ok, with Suvarnabhumi's page being Bangkok International Airport. Therefore, the sentence will be like that This page refers to the Suvarnabhumi Airport, for the old airport, see Don Mueang International Airport. --Ter e nce Ong (T 06:13, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, whatever works, and as long as people can get access to accurate information, then I guess the name across the top of the page isn't that big a deal, to me anyway, today. --Wisekwai 07:26, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

Don Muang or Don Mueang?
The new name really should be "Don Muang" and not "Don Mueang". The latter may be the official or academic transliteration from the Thai, but 99% of everyone in the travel/airline/etc. industry writes "Don Muang". Wikipedia guidelines urge use of the most common English name for things, rather than formally "correct" or official/academic names. --MCB 06:14, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The new name is the old name is the same name. Anyway, there's some very formal, academically correct Wikipedians who have been working hard at creating probably dozens of articles with the Mueang spelling for many cities, towns, districts and other geographic entities, as well as the airport. I'm all for the generally accepted spelling, but on Wikipedia there should be some consistency. However, even in the article itself, the spellings are not consistent. --Wisekwai 07:24, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, in the article - at least the last time I looked - it's mostly Muang, except the title and top section. I should probably raise this at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Airports. --MCB 17:51, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
 * In my opinion, if the sign in the airport (not the one appearing on highway, roadmaps, books, or elsewhere) says, "Don Muang", I will go with "Don Muang". But if it's spelled differently in different places, I will pick the official spelling. I think the big letters on airport building says "Don Muang". -- Lerdsuwa 13:26, 3 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Don Muang also whups Don Mueang by 438,000 to 15,000 in a Googlefight. Jpatokal 10:47, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * "Don Muang", since that is the official name of the airport. For "Don Mueang", it is not used as the named for the airport, so Don Muang should be used. If the government uses the name "Don Muang" then we should be also using the same thing. Other articles that use "Mueang" it doesn't really matter. Terence Ong 11:42, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Well well, looks like the new official name is Don Mueang with the e:. Jpatokal 14:18, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Since the airport itself has now officially adopted the standard RTGS spelling "Don Mueang" I have adapted the article accordingly. −Woodstone 15:23, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Since its official, this article will use "Don Mueang". Wonder if there could be some picture of Don Muang after it reopens today. P.S. Anyone has pictures of planes at Don Mueang Airport? Terence 17:22, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

I don't get it. Where does it say Don Mueang is official? All of the news point to me the spelling is Don Muang --> CNN, Aljazeera, Bangkok Post, Thai News Agency MCOT, Don Muang Online official website, even the Suvarnabhumi website point to Don Muang airport, Luchtzak agency also said it is renamed to Don Muang. Please reconsider your officialness. --Zack2007 12:28, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * On March 24, 2007 there was an article in the Bangkok Post:
 * "The Don's agreed, but is it Muang or Mueang?" containing the paragraph:
 * "...So Mr Pinit turned to linguistic experts, including the Royal Institute and Chulalongkorn University's faculty of arts, to garner advice on the English spelling of the old airport's name. All experts he spoke to at these and other language institutes agreed it should be Mueang, not Muang as it had always been before, he said. This problem gave me such a headache, he said. Now I have to keep all evidence with me to back up that decision..."
 * −Woodstone 18:38, 26 March 2007 (UTC)
 * The thing is wikipedia dosent strive to be accurate. It hinges on third-party usage, and it is obvious that popular usage as well as official usage tends to be Muang, not Mueang.--Huaiwei 22:55, 26 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Don Muang Online is not an official website, but a guide to Don Muang airport same as for the Suvarnabhumi website that links to Don Muang Online. I am actually confused, so is it "Muang" or "Mueang"? I really hope someone can clarify this asap. Terence 14:12, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
 * It is not that difficult to find its official website, which clearly reads Don Muang.--Huaiwei 15:47, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
 * According to Use_common_names, we ought to use the most common name. Obviously Don Muang is more common then Don Mueang. --Zack2007 10:26, 29 March 2007 (UTC)
 * The sign on the airport building now says "Don Mueang International Airport". --Lerdsuwa (talk) 16:42, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Perhaps you had not noticed that before, but it's been like that since very soon after the opening of the new airport. Also most of the road signs in Bangkok were modified at that time to read "don mueang". −Woodstone (talk) 17:51, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

What is the new code for Don Muang?
There seems to be a discrepancy among sources. I reverted to DMK based on preponderance of sources most likely to be reliable. --MCB 01:51, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

DMK

 * http://gc.kls2.com/airport/DMK
 * http://www.angkor.com/2bangkok/2bangkok/forum/showthread.php?p=11803
 * http://www.rati.com/APLANDING_13290.htm
 * http://www.aircargonews.com/061011/news061011.html#dmk
 * http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?countrysearch=Thailand&distinct_entry=true
 * http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:IiL4Qv3_Zl4J:www.kweusa.com/newsroom/IU/Industry%2520Update%25209.06.pdf+don+muang+dmk&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=10&client=firefox-a
 * http://travel.independent.co.uk/news_and_advice/article1700579.ece]
 * http://www.missioneco.org/thailande/documents_new.asp?V=4_HTML_8468
 * http://www.thailand-uk.com/Glossary/index.php
 * http://www.fbta.net/uutiset/index.php?id=347&group=00000024&mag_nr=6
 * http://www.inatom.info/Bangkok
 * http://home.wspan.com/newsroom/gday.cfm?archives=yes

DBK

 * http://www.2bangkok.com/2bangkok/sbia/
 * http://www.bangkok.com/travel-news-update/suvarnabhumi-fact-sheet.html
 * http://www.flightstats.com/go/Forum/forumViewThread.do?threadId=663
 * http://www.thaihotelsbooking.com/bangkok_new_airport.htm
 * http://www.airlinetickets.de/iata_codes_a-z.php3?ic=B

No more Budget flights on Don Muang
http://etna.mcot.net/query.php?nid=25562] —Preceding unsigned comment added by 222.166.160.128 (talk • contribs)
 * [http://etna.mcot.net/query.php?nid=25562

DMK dab
Your views and opinion are welcome on this issue. Cheers Wiki San Roze†αLҝ 21:02, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Seizures
Nothing on the current seizures of the airport? --Bentonia School (talk) 05:25, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

Speculation
The piece states, "it is speculated that Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 will later be utilised as LCC Terminal (sic)." Why would an "encyclopedia" speculate? Speculation is best left to tabloids. This claim is marked as needing citation when, in fact, it needs to be removed. Even if the source of the speculation could be cited -- why would speculation be needed in an "encyclopedia"? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.220.193.142 (talk) 23:20, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

world's oldest commercial airport
The article states that this is the oldest commercial airport, because the first commercial air flight arrived there. Logically, surely the oldest would be the airport from which the flight departed, and the airport at which it arrived would be the second oldest! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.170.240.10 (talk) 10:44, 31 October 2013 (UTC)

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Free run (animal)

Free run is a method of farming stewardship where the animals are not kept in cages but are allowed to wander around inside an enclosed structure, such as a barn. Unlike free range animals they do not have access to the outside. It is just cheaper than free range, but it is not looked upon as highly as by those concerned about animal welfare.

title: Free run (animal)


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Talk:Precision approach path indicator

VASI
Propose to delete the passage: "Student pilots in initial training may use the mnemonic, "RED on WHITE you're alright, RED on RED and you're dead" until they are used to the lights' meaning."

Reason: This belongs to a 2-bar VASI.

Zugerbueb (talk) 09:50, 27 September 2013 (UTC)
 * If you wanted to be pedantic, you could change it to "red AND white you're alright..." Altaphon (talk) 15:13, 23 August 2014 (UTC)

Other proposal, we might revise what it says about VASI being obsolete. It may have been taken out of ICAO Annex 14 (citation needed) but it is still in common use everywhere. Altaphon (talk) 15:13, 23 August 2014 (UTC)

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Fukutsu, Fukuoka

Fukutsu (福津市) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 68,834 in 31114 households, and a population density of 1300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 52.76 km2.

Geography
Fukutsu is located in northern Fukuoka Prefecture, approximately midway between Fukuoka City and Kitakyushu City. It is surrounded by Mt. Kohbi, Mt. Motoki, and Mt. Iimori from the east to the south, and the Genkai Sea (Sea of Japan) to the northwest. The coast has been designated as part of the Genkai Quasi-National Park, and is a scenic area.

Neighboring municipalities
Fukuoka Prefecture
 * Miyawaka
 * Koga
 * Munakata

Climate
Fukutsu has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Fukutsu is 15.8 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1599 mm with September as the wettest month.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Fukutsu is as shown below

History
The area of Fukutsu was part of ancient Chikugo Province. During the Edo Period the area was under the control of Fukuoka Domain. After the Meiji restoration, the villages of Jingō and Kami-Saigō were established on May 1, 1889, with the creation of the modern municipalities system. The villages merged to form the town of Fukuma on April 1, 1954. Fukuma merged with the town of Tsuyazaki on January 24, 2005, and became the city of Fukutsu.

Government
Fukutsu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 18 members. Fukuma contributes one member to the Fukuoka Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Fukuoka 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
Fukutsu has a mixed economy centering on agriculture, commercial fishing and light manufacturing and food processing. An increasing percentage of the working population commutes to nearby Fukuoka or Kitakyushu cites for work, since large-scale public housing developments were built in the 1960s and 1970s.

Education
Fukutsu has seven public elementary schools and three public junior high schools operated by the city government and two public high schools operated by the Fukuoka Prefectural Board of Education.

Railways
JR Kyushu - Kagoshima Main Line
 * Fukuma - Higashi-Fukuma

Local attractions

 * Miyajidake Shrine

title: Fukutsu, Fukuoka