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2006 Massachusetts gubernatorial election

The 2006 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 2006. The incumbent Republican governor, Mitt Romney, chose not to seek a second term. Polls had been mixed prior to Romney's announcement, with one poll showing Romney slightly leading Democrat Attorney General Tom Reilly and other polls showing Reilly, who was then the Democratic frontrunner, in the lead.

The election was won by the Democratic former United States Assistant Attorney General Deval Patrick, who became the second African-American governor in the United States since Reconstruction and the first Democratic governor of Massachusetts since Michael Dukakis left office in 1991. This was the last time until 2022 that the Democratic nominee won a majority. Healey is the only Republican gubernatorial nominee never to be elected governor between 1990 and 2018.

Candidates

 * Chris Gabrieli, businessman and Lieutenant Governor nominee in 2002
 * Deval Patrick, former Assistant United States Attorney General for Civil Rights
 * Thomas Reilly, Massachusetts Attorney General

Endorsements

 * Deval Patrick: Attleboro Sun Chronicle, Bay State Banner, Blue Mass Group, Boston Globe, Brookline Tab, Cambridge Chronicle, Hamilton-Wenham Chronicle, Wellesley Townsman, Worcester Magazine
 * Tom Reilly: Boston Herald, Cape Cod Times, Springfield Republican

Campaign
The Democratic State Caucuses were held in February in all cities and towns to elect delegates to the state convention. The Patrick campaign organized their supporters, many of whom had never been involved in such party processes before, to win twice as many pledged delegates as the Reilly campaign. (Chris Gabrieli did not join the race until a month later, which played a major role in his difficulty in getting on the ballot.)

At the Democratic Convention on June 3 in Worcester, each candidate needed to receive support from 15% of the delegates to be on the primary ballot in September. There was some question as to whether Gabrieli could succeed after entering the race so late. Patrick received the convention's endorsement with 57.98% of the vote, Reilly made it with 26.66%, and Gabrieli narrowly achieved ballot access with 15.36% of the delegates' votes.

The campaign was highlighted by numerous debates. The first two debates took place in late April. WBZ-CBS4 News hosted a debate between Democratic candidates Chris Gabrieli, Deval Patrick, and Tom Reilly on April 21 and it aired at 8:30 AM on April 23. A second Democratic candidate debate, moderated by Sy Becker from WWLP TV 22, was held at Agawam Middle School on April 27.

The "Campaign to Stop Killer Coke", a group dedicated to holding Coca-Cola accountable for violence in its Colombian bottling plant in the mid-1990s, began to attack Patrick and his candidacy. Patrick had resigned from the company and said he'd done so after his attempts to get them to carry out an independent investigation were ignored and undermined. Five Massachusetts unions filed a complaint against the group with the Office of Campaign and Political Finance, in an effort to require the group to disclose its donors. On August 11, it was reported that Reilly's campaign had been behind the efforts.

The final two televised debates played a key role in the primary campaign, as they took place during the two weeks between Labor Day and Primary Day when the public and the media hold their greatest focus on the election. The first of the two was carried about by the media consortium (which includes the Boston Globe, NECN, and WBUR, among others) and moderated by former New Hampshire governor Jeanne Shaheen, while the second and final debate was held by WBZ-TV and moderated by their political analyst, Jon Keller.

Results
On September 19, Patrick won the Democratic primary with 50% of the vote, ahead of Gabrieli (27%) and Reilly (23%).

Candidates

 * Deb Goldberg, former chair of the Brookline Board of Selectmen
 * Tim Murray, mayor of Worcester
 * Andrea Silbert, businesswoman

Withdrew

 * Sam Kelley MD, Child, Adolescent, and Adult Psychiatrist, Medical Director of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and former legislative aide to US Congressman Jim McDermott
 * Marie St. Fleur, State Representative from Dorchester

Declined

 * Chris Gabrieli (running for Governor)

Campaign
On April 23, 2006, a "virtual debate" between Murray, Silbert, and Sam Kelley was released on SaintKermit.com.

On May 21, all four candidates debated in Lowell. Four days later, on May 25, Kelley dropped out of the race and joined the Deval Patrick campaign as a volunteer advisor on health care issues.

At the Democratic convention in Worcester on June 3, Worcester Mayor Tim Murray was endorsed by a voice vote after receiving 49% on the first ballot. Andrea Silbert and Deb Goldberg both qualified for the ballot with 29% and 22% respectively.

Endorsements

 * Deborah Goldberg: Boston Herald
 * Tim Murray: Boston Globe, Worcester Telegram & Gazette
 * Andrea Silbert: Blue Mass Group, Brookline Tab

Results
Tim Murray won the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor on September 19 with 43% of the vote.

Candidates

 * Kerry Healey, Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts

Declined

 * Christy Mihos, businessman (running as an Independent)

Romney endorsed Lieutenant Governor Kerry Healey to succeed him in the 2006 gubernatorial election. Healey was unopposed for the Republican nomination.

Candidates

 * Reed Hillman, former State Representative and Massachusetts State Police Colonel

As incumbent Kerry Healey ran for governor, the position of lieutenant governor was open. Reed Hillman was unopposed for the Republican nomination

Candidates

 * Kerry Healey, Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts (Republican)
 * Running mate: Reed Hillman, former State Representative and Massachusetts State Police Colonel
 * Christy Mihos, businessman and former member of the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority (Independent)
 * Running mate: John Sullivan, former Winchester selectman

 * Deval Patrick, former Assistant United States Attorney General for Civil Rights (Democratic)
 * Running mate: Tim Murray, mayor of Worcester
 * Grace Ross, anti-poverty and LGBT activist (Green-Rainbow)
 * Running mate: Wendy Van Horne, nurse (withdrew September 1)
 * Running mate: Martina Robinson, disability rights activist

Campaign
On April 25, Republican Kerry Healey called for four debates, each involving all four candidates, between the September primaries and November general election, and this proposition was seconded by Patrick.

The general election campaign kicked off on primary day, September 19, after Tom Reilly and Chris Gabrieli conceded and Kerry Healey accepted her uncontested nomination. Deval Patrick followed with his acceptance speech, appearing with his new running mate Tim Murray and former opponent Chris Gabrieli.

The general election campaign was very heated and was referred to by Michael Dukakis as "the dirtiest gubernatorial campaign in my memory". The Healey campaign released attack ads implying that Deval Patrick supports sexual assault or murder of police (culminating in the now infamous "parking lot rape" ad). Healey supporters also protested at the homes of Patrick and Patrick campaign manager John E. Walsh, and documents leaked anonymously to media about Patrick's brother-in-law's criminal history.

After the final debate, WRKO talk radio host John DePetro came under scrutiny for referring to Grace Ross as a "fat lesbian". DePetro was suspended earlier in the year for calling Turnpike Authority chief Matt Amorello a "fag".

Debates
The first televised debate of the general election was held by WFXT and the Boston Herald] on September 25 on WFXT. Moderated by Fox News' Chris Wallace on the day after his Bill Clinton interview.

The second debate was held in Springfield and broadcast on WGBH and NECN.

Endorsements

 * Kerry Healey: Boston Herald, Springfield Republican The Eagle-Tribune Sentinel & Enterprise Lowell Sun Cape Cod Times
 * Deval Patrick: The Boston Globe, Worcester Telegram & Gazette, MetroWest Daily News, Providence Journal, The Berkshire Eagle, Boston Phoenix, Newton Tab,  West Roxbury & Roslindale Transcript
 * Christy Mihos: Walpole Gazette
 * Grace Ross: In City Times

Results
Official results certified by the Massachusetts Secretary of State, as of December 6, 2006, with all 2,166 precincts reporting.

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

 * Barnstable (largest municipality: Barnstable)
 * Essex (largest municipality: Lynn)
 * Hampden (largest municipality: Springfield)
 * Middlesex (largest municipality: Cambridge)
 * Nantucket
 * Norfolk (largest municipality: Quincy)
 * Plymouth (largest municipality: Brockton)
 * Worcester (largest municipality: Worcester)


text:
OES

OES or oes may refer to:

Organizations

 * Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, the science bureau within the U.S. Department of State
 * Ordo Equitum Solis, a French/Italian alternative music band
 * Oregon Episcopal School, a school in Portland, Oregon, US
 * Office of Emergency Services, a US governmental agency
 * Order of the Eastern Star, a fraternal organisation
 * On Every Street, an album by British rock band Dire Straits

OES

 * Old East Slavic, a language
 * Old English Sheepdog, a breed of herding dog often kept as a pet
 * Open Enterprise Server, an amalgam of NetWare and Linux
 * Occupational Employment Statistics, a US survey
 * Optical Emissions Spectrometer, an instrument for testing chemical composition of metals
 * Operators of essential services, critical infrastructure definition in the NIS Directive
 * Oregon Episcopal School, high school in Portland, Oregon
 * Original equipment supplier

Oes

 * Oes, the plural for the name of the letter "O"
 * Oes, a type of sequin

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: OES


text:
User:Garzo/pt/trans

 * style="font:10pt cursive; background:gold; border:solid blue 2px; text-align:center" colspan="2"|My Wiktionary user page
 * style="font:10pt cursive; background:gold; border:solid blue 2px; text-align:center" colspan="2"|My Wikicommons user page
 * style="font:10pt cursive; background:gold; border:solid blue 2px; text-align:center" colspan="2"|My Wikicommons user page
 * style="font:10pt cursive; background:gold; border:solid blue 2px; text-align:center" colspan="2"|My Wikicommons user page

title: User:Garzo/pt/trans


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Talk:Desert warfare

Mine discussion
I think the landmine discussion is out of place here. Surely landmines can be mentioned here, but other discussion should not be under Desert warfare.

A little bit of a rant on landmines, if someone can divide this up into what sections we should have, it shouldn't be so hard to clean up Drunken Pirate 23:43, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The lack of formatting is killing my brain cells. Methinks the grammar also needs some serious work, but I'm not a warfare expert so I don't want to accidentally screw up any factual information when editing.

 * I also think that having all of desert warfare focus on little more than snipers and mines leaves the page incomplete -- there is obviously more to desert warfare than armies wandering around in the sand being sniped by unknown enemies and blown up by hidden explosive devices.

 * A discussion of Rommel would be appreciated from whoever knows enough to address him appropriately in this section. Whitty 03:54, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

This sentance needs modifying
Mobility is essential to a successful desert war. This explains the heavy use of armor in battles such as El Alamein in the Second World War

Well its just wrong, there was no mobility in the El Alamein battles - they were head on assualts through minefields and field fortifications. The sea and the depression 40ish miles to the south meant either side could not use there mobility.

A much better example would be Operation Compass - small number of British tanks out manovered the Italian 10th Army and forced there surrender, or the German attack agaisnt the Gazala line were they outflanked it and nearly destroyed the Eighth Army.--EnigmaMcmxc (talk) 11:22, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

What about the medieval era desert warfare?
In fact, the Crusades were fought over the desert, where heavily armoured knights roasted below the sun while being defeated easily by armorless camel warriors. There's also a whole desert warfare concept on the medieval era also. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.67.255.186 (talk) 07:19, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

Stub
I'm sorry but this was such a mess - pure WP:OR, uncited and irrecoverable, that I've boldly emptied out the text and marked it as a stub. And added a reflist. At least like this it doesn't mislead, and anyone feeling like having a go can start again cleanly, with references this time please. Chiswick Chap (talk) 15:18, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Desert warfare


text:
The Sylvers

The Sylvers were an American R&B family vocal group from Watts, Los Angeles, California. They were active during the 1970s, recording the singles "Fool's Paradise", "Boogie Fever", and "Hot Line". Prior to becoming the Sylvers, the four eldest members (Olympia, Leon, Charmaine, and James) recorded as the Little Angels, appearing on shows such as You Bet Your Life and Make Room for Daddy, and opening for acts such as Johnny Mathis and Ray Charles. During this time, they released two singles: "Santa Claus Parade" b/w "I'll Be a Little Angel" on Warwick Records and "Says You" b/w "Olympia" on Capitol Records.

Members
The Sylvers family consisted of ten siblings, nine of whom performed in the band at different times:
 * Olympia Ann "Olan" Sylvers (born October 13, 1951) — vocals
 * Leon Frank Sylvers III (born March 7, 1953) — bass, vocals
 * Charmaine Elaine Sylvers (born March 9, 1954) — vocals
 * James Jonathan Sylvers (born June 8, 1955) — keyboards, vocals
 * Edmund Theodore Sylvers (January 25, 1957 — March 11, 2004) — vocals, percussion
 * Joseph Richard "Ricky" Sylvers (born October 13, 1958) guitar, vocals
 * Angelia Marie "Angie" Sylvers (born April 11, 1960) — vocals
 * Patricia Lynn "Pat" Sylvers (born March 25, 1961) — additional keyboards, vocals
 * Foster Emerson Sylvers (born February 25, 1962) — additional bass, vocals

Christopher Joseph Sylvers (1966–1985), the youngest of the Sylvers siblings, never performed with the group.

Career
Shirley Mae Wyble and Leon Frank "Sonny" Sylvers married after meeting at Xavier University of Louisiana. They had ten children. They taught their children to play music, sing and dance. Olympia "Olan", Leon, and Charmaine performed as the Little Angels, choosing mainly Caribbean Calypso–styled soul music. They appeared in several variety shows, charity shows, community events, and other public venues. One of the earliest events promoting the Sylvers was when the whole family appeared on the quiz game show "You Bet Your Life" with Groucho Marx. Soon after, Jonathan "James" joined the group, and the four of them continued to perform, gaining slight success. Appearing in several television shows, and media appearances. In the mid-1960s, they released recordings on Capitol Records.

In the late 1960s, they added Edmund and Joseph Richard "Ricky" to the group. After signing a recording contract with MGM, the sextet changed their name from the Little Angels to the Sylvers and released three albums on the MGM/Pride label, titled simply The Sylvers, The Sylvers 2, and The Sylvers 3. Released between 1972 and 1974, these LPs offered soulful numbers written by Leon and produced by Jerry Butler (of the Impressions) and Keg Johnson. Four singles from these self-titled albums entered the Billboard R&B charts. The song "Fool's Paradise" reached No. 14 on the R&B charts in the autumn of 1972. The single featured Charmaine, Edmund, and Ricky as lead singers, backed by the harmonies of Olympia, Leon, and James.

"Wish That I Could Talk to You" was the next single. During early 1973, it became the siblings' first top 10 song. The track features Leon, Edmund, and Ricky on lead. The two-sided hit "Stay Away From Me" (No. 33) and "I'll Never Be Ashamed", as well as "Through the Love in My Heart" (No. 50), followed; and album track "Cry of a Dreamer" received significant airplay at R&B radio outlets.

In early 1973, Leon wrote an uptempo proto-disco song called "Misdemeanor" for the group's second album. However, the lead vocal, sung by Edmund, was later reassigned to younger brother Foster, who was not an official member of the Sylvers at this time. The song also featured younger Sylvers Angie and Pat, and received airplay on R&B radio stations. This song would later become popular in the late 1980s and 1990s when it was sampled by rapper/producer Dr. Dre for a song by the D.O.C. entitled "It's Funky Enough".

After the success of "Misdemeanor", Foster, Angie, and Pat quickly joined their older brothers and sisters to the official Sylvers group, (upping the total members to nine), and signed an exclusive contract with Capitol Records, the same label they recorded for as the Little Angels. The label teamed the family with R&B producer Freddie Perren (the Jackson 5). Perren, with co-writer Keni St. Lewis, produced the two-million seller "Boogie Fever" which topped the R&B and Billboard Hot 100 charts, along with the RPM national singles chart.

Solo careers
As the world's appetite for dance music waned in the early 1980s, so did the Sylvers' popularity. In 1981, five members of the group, now without Edmund, recorded a new album Concept for Solar Records, with Leon producing and playing bass but not performing vocally. The first single from that effort, "Come Back Lover, Come Back" (featuring a now grown-up Foster on lead) was a minor hit, reaching No. 63 in Billboard. "Take It to the Top" failed to chart, but both singles appear on the Solar Records retrospective box set.

In 1984, after a three-year hiatus, the siblings (now six strong, with Charmaine returning) regrouped with new management (Weisner–DeMann) and a new label (Geffen Records). The result was an unsuccessful album entitled Bizarre. The disc was not heavily promoted, but spawned two minor hits: "In One Love and Out the Other" (No. 42) and "Falling For Your Love" (No. 76).

The Sylvers' youngest sibling, Christopher, died of hepatitis on June 18, 1985, at age 18. He was never part of the performing family. Following the disappointing sales performance of the Geffen LP, the brothers and sisters officially disbanded in 1985. They would continue to do studio work, playing and singing background vocals for artists including Janet Jackson. Edmund recorded a solo album for Arista in 1985, but it was never released in the United States, although a single from the set, "I Love the Streets", was released in Japan in 1989. Foster started his own group, Hy-Tech, in 1989, but two CDs went relatively unnoticed, as did a solo MP3 CD in 1998 called "Foster Vs. Foster".

Lead singer Edmund, who played Marlon Jackson's voice on the 1971–1973 ABC-TV Saturday morning cartoon series The Jackson 5ive, died of lung cancer in Richmond, Virginia, on March 11, 2004, at age 47. In 2007, Pat shared lead on the Larry O. Williams gospel duet, "Thank You". In the December 10, 2007 issue of Jet magazine the Sylvers were featured in the "Where Are They Now?" segment. In early 2008, a few siblings did an interview with Damien Maurice on his show Just Chillin' with KPOO-FM in San Francisco. Both a Jet article and the radio interview hinted at the possibility of new Sylvers music in the near future.

During the summer of 2011, the Sylvers were featured on the TV One hit series, Unsung. Leon, James, Charmaine, Angie and Pat—along with their mother Shirley—all appeared on the show to discuss their career successes and aftermath. It was mentioned that both Foster and Ricky had been incarcerated at the time of taping for parole violations. However, after the release of Foster, he and his sisters Angie and Pat made a television appearance on The Cindy Davis Show to discuss the politics of the music industry, and more.

title: The Sylvers


text:
Death Wish (novel)

Death Wish is a 1972 novel by Brian Garfield. A sequel novel, Death Sentence, was published in 1975.

Plot
Middle-aged CPA Paul Benjamin lives in Manhattan with his wife Esther in an apartment close to their daughter Carol and her husband, Jack Tobey. Paul is a staunch liberal, volunteering his time to civic organizations and trying to rationalize the crime and misery he witnesses on a daily basis. He refuses to move out of the city, explaining that while the suburbs might be safer and cleaner, he cannot leave New York after having lived there his entire life.

One day, Paul gets a call at work from Jack telling him to come to the hospital. There, a patrolman explains that three junkies broke into Paul's apartment and assaulted Esther and Carol, beating his wife to death before stealing Paul's television and fleeing. Carol is still alive, but in a vegetative state and can no longer meaningfully interact with anyone.

After his wife's funeral, Paul refuses to leave his apartment, has new locks put on the doors, and starts carrying a club made from a sock stuffed with quarters in his pocket. He sheds his previous beliefs. Everyone he sees is now either a potential criminal or unproductive, useless "cattle". Paul gradually aligns himself with the conservative viewpoints of his co-workers, unnerving them.

The changes in his personality and behavior alienate Paul from his son-in-law, who disagrees with Paul's contention that since the police are not making any headway with Esther's case, they ought to hunt down her murderers themselves. According to Jack, vigilantism is not a real solution to crime, and Paul is not doing himself any favors by obsessing over the attacks. When Paul asks for help obtaining a permit to carry a gun, Jack refuses. Paul appears to give in, returning to his old job and even accepting a dinner invitation from his friend Sam.

One night, while walking home drunk, Paul is threatened with a knife by a teenage boy. Furious, Paul pulls out his club and tries to kill the boy, who runs away in terror. Paul later accepts an offer from his boss to go to Tucson to work on a business merger between two rival companies. He sleeps with Shirley, a woman whom he meets in a bar, visits a sporting goods shop, purchases a revolver and smuggles it back into New York along with a large stash of ammunition.

Meanwhile, Carol's condition has deteriorated to the point where she can no longer feed, wash, or take care of herself. Paul reluctantly signs off on Jack's plan to have her placed in a mental institution. He then purchases a jacket, hat, and gloves and starts looking for criminals, deliberately presenting himself as a harmless, affluent old man in order to attract attention. Paul is eventually held up by a junkie and shoots him three times.

Over the next weeks, Paul keeps up the pretense of being his usual self by going to work and attending social events while discreetly continuing his vigilante activities. He shoots another mugger and a man he catches burglarizing an apartment. He tries more sophisticated tactics, renting a car and leaving it unoccupied with a sign reading "Out of Gas" on the windshield. When two thieves show up to strip the car for parts, Paul shoots them both.

Paul's actions lead to him being dubbed "the vigilante" in the press, and divides the public over whether his killings are justified. The police declare him a menace, and a magazine runs an article where a psychiatrist accurately describes Paul's motivations and personal history, and states that if he is insane, it is because he is acting against social norms that prevent ordinary people from acting on their base desires for revenge. One night, Paul shoots at a group of young people throwing bricks and rocks at a subway train. While hunting for his quarry, a beat cop stumbles onto the scene and recognizes Paul as the vigilante. Unwilling to commit suicide, Paul is about to surrender when the cop tips his hat and walks away. Paul finishes his work and quietly heads home.

Characters

 * Paul Benjamin – The protagonist. A 47-year-old certified public accountant and a "bleeding-heart" left-wing enthusiast, Paul slowly begins to turn to vigilantism and right-wing enthusiasm after his family is brutally mugged. Having served in World War II as a clerk-typist, he has military training and quickly becomes an effective assassin with his .32 Smith & Wesson as his firearm of choice.
 * Esther Benjamin – Paul's wife. Little is known about her except that she met Paul back in high school. She and her daughter are attacked in their apartment by three men, and Esther is beaten to death.
 * Carol Benjamin Tobey – Paul and Esther's 23-year-old daughter and wife of lawyer Jack Tobey. After the beating from the muggers, her mental state deteriorates and the book ends with her being institutionalized.
 * Jack Tobey – Paul's son-in-law who works as a defense attorney. In contrast to his father-in-law, Jack is pragmatic, arguing against vigilantism and trying to convince Paul that he should just find a way to live with Esther's death.
 * Sam Kreutzer – Paul's best friend at work.
 * Adele Kreutzer – Sam's wife.
 * Henry Ives – Paul's boss, who sends him to Arizona.
 * Bill Dundee – An accountant who works in Paul's office and often spouts right-wing views.
 * George Eng – An Asian-American, possibly of a Chinese descent, businessman and client of Paul's.
 * John Childress – One of Paul's co-workers.
 * Lieutenant Malcolm Briggs – The apathetic lead investigator on Esther and Carol's case.
 * Inspector Frank Ochoa – The detective who leads the investigation into Paul's activities as the "vigilante".
 * Officer Joe Charles – A patrolman who informs Paul of Esther's murder.
 * Ira Nermserman – One of Paul's clients.
 * Thomas Leroy Marston – A heroin junkie and the first criminal Paul murders as the vigilante.
 * Ames Jainchill – A client of Paul's doing business with George Eng.
 * Shirley Mackenzie – A woman Paul has a one-night stand with in Tucson.

Film adaptations
A feature film based on the novel was made in 1974, starring Charles Bronson in the lead role as Paul Benjamin, the surname being changed to Kersey and his profession being an architect, and directed by Michael Winner. A 2018 remake, starring Bruce Willis in the lead role, also named "Kersey" and profession being changed to surgeon, was by Eli Roth.

1975 sequel novel
In 1975, Garfield was inspired to write the book sequel Death Sentence, because he was so disappointed in the 1974 film adaption. He described it as "incendiary", because he felt upset that the film's audience was encouraged by the violence and vigilantism, despite the story being against both topics in his book, in which Charles Bronson agreed with. Garfield thought that Bronson was miscast as Paul Kersey, because when the action-star appeared on screen, Garfield commented "you knew he was going to start blowing people away", which spoiled the plot-twist of his story for the audience who had never read the book. Director Michael Winner dismissed the author's criticisms, calling him an "idiot".

Paul was originally depicted in the novel as something of a pacifist weakling, with no previous life experience dealing with issues of revenge or violence. Winner wanted Bronson for the role. Bronson noted that, given he was really known better as a customary Hollywood tough guy, he was ill-suited for the part, saying, "I was really a miscast person. It was more a theme that would have been better for Dustin Hoffman or somebody who could play a weaker kind of man. I told them that at the time." The screenplay went through several writers and revisions to better adapt the role for Bronson.

title: Death Wish (novel)


text:
Jeromy Burnitz

Jeromy Neal Burnitz (born April 15, 1969) is an American former professional baseball player. Burnitz was a right fielder in Major League Baseball who played with the New York Mets (1993–94, 2002–03), Cleveland Indians (1995–96), Milwaukee Brewers (1996–2001), Los Angeles Dodgers (2003), Colorado Rockies (2004), Chicago Cubs (2005), and Pittsburgh Pirates (2006).

Early days
Burnitz played his collegiate ball at Oklahoma State University, and in 1988, played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Hyannis Mets. He played minor league ball with the Welsh Waves, the Pittsfield Mets and the Buffalo Bisons.

Career
Burnitz was drafted in the first round of the 1990 draft by the New York Mets with the 17th overall selection. He made his major league debut in 1993. He exhibited both power and speed, but was traded by them to the Cleveland Indians. Burnitz never cracked the Cleveland lineup and it was only after his trade to Milwaukee in 1996 that he emerged as an everyday player.

Burnitz was a fan favorite in Milwaukee, providing many of the only thrills during an otherwise low point in Brewers' history, their first years in the National League. He clubbed a career-high 38 home runs and 125 RBIs in 1998, and he played in the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in. In 1999 he started the game, replacing the injured Tony Gwynn and became the first Brewer since Paul Molitor to start in the All-Star Game. After signing a contract extension with the Brewers in 2000, he was briefly the franchise's all-time highest paid player. On September 25, 2001, Burnitz and teammate Richie Sexson each hit three home runs in a 9–4 win against the Arizona Diamondbacks. It was the first and, as of the 2021 season, only time that two players hit three home runs in the same game, let alone two teammates. In 2002, he returned to the Mets, but did not perform as well with his original team as both he and Mets fans hoped: his .215 batting average was the lowest among qualified batters. He was traded to Los Angeles in the Mets' 2003 purge of high-salaried players, and signed the following year with the Colorado Rockies.

In 2004, Burnitz signed with the Colorado Rockies, and became part of some rare home run displays. On April 27, he, rookie Matt Holliday, and Charles Johnson combined to slug back-to-back-to-back home runs against the Florida Marlins, the sixth such occasion in franchise history. In a May 18 game against the Cincinnati in which he hit two home runs, both were part of back-to-back home run sets with Holliday, making them the first teammates in franchise history to hit back-to-back home runs twice in the same game, and the first teammate duo to do so since Mike Cameron and Bret Boone of Seattle Mariners in 2002. In 150 games, he led the Rockies with 37 home runs, hit a career high .283, and was second on the team with 110 RBI. On February 2, 2005, the Cubs signed Burnitz to a one-year contract, the same day Sammy Sosa's trade to the Baltimore Orioles was finalized. He continued to hit well at Wrigley Field with a .258 average, 24 homers and 87 RBI in 160 games with the Cubs.

Burnitz was known as a good clubhouse man and a friendly, laid-back guy. During a slump in May 2006, he held an interview in order to apologize for failing to run out a grounder, then joked about the challenges that his team would face during the rest of the season, saying, "I'm your Highest-Paid Free Agent. That, in and of itself, should tell you the big picture that the team's in."

Personal life
Burnitz is married to Krissy Burnitz. They have three children together.

title: Jeromy Burnitz


text:
Talk:Twelfth United States Army Group

I'm a grandchild of someone in the 12th Army Group. His name was Edward John Collings Sr. or, as his friends called him Babe. I've been looking for any information on him that I could find, but have come up short every time. Now I ask you, whoever is reading this posting, if you know anyone or any place I could go to look for info. He was a bronze star winner, which he won for his actions in 1 February 1945 to 9 May 1945. If you could help me out I'd greatly appreciate it, thank you. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 67.87.68.91 (talk • contribs) 23:15, 3 February 2005.

Were they ever under Monty
As the article correctly points out, Monty was Commander-in-Chief of all Allied Ground forces in Normandy (Bradley's First US Army and Dempsey's Second British Army). When Patton's Third US Army was activated, Bradley was promoted to command 12th Army Group (Hodges' First US Army and Patton's Third US Army) leaving Monty with 21st Army Group (Dempsey's Second British Army and Crerar's Canadians). So far, so good. Was there a brief period from mid-July until Ike set up SHAEF HQ in France in which Bradley had his own Army Group but still reported, at least notionally, to Monty? If so, Monty would have been CinC 21st Army Group but also still technically CinC Ground Forces. It might be helpful if somebody could look up the exact dates.Paulturtle (talk) 13:55, 4 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Twelfth United States Army Group


text:
Talk:Miniatures game

Merge with miniature wargaming
Can this be done? --Boco XLVII 23:16, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * yes Phlebas 13:18, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It should have been tagged a long time ago. Grimhelm 17:04, 26 May 2006 (UTC)
 * OK folks - this has been taken care of. Scott Mingus 00:44, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Miniatures game


text: Category:Bible verses

title: Category:Bible verses


text:
Chorrillos District

Chorrillos is a district of the Lima Province in Peru and part of the city of Lima. It gets its name from the Spanish word for "trickle of water". The district was founded as San Pedro de los Chorrillos and served as a deluxe beach resort until the late 19th century, when it was almost completely destroyed by Chilean forces during the War of the Pacific.

The current mayor of Chorrilos is Augusto Miyashiro Ushikobo.

Geography
The district has a total land area of 38.94 km². Its administrative center is located 37 meters above sea level. Morro Solar is situated in Chorrillos District.

Boundaries

 * North: Barranco and Santiago de Surco
 * East: Santiago de Surco
 * South and west: Pacific Ocean

Demographics
According to the 2005 census by the INEI, the district has 262,595 inhabitants, a population density of 6,743.6 persons/km² and 60,353 households.

Attractions
It is famous for its beach resorts at La Herradura, its restaurants, particularly the picanterías (specialising in spicy dishes).

A planetarium is located here, built on the Morro Solar. From Chorrillos, you can also enjoy a panoramic view of the bay of Lima and out to La Punta (Spanish for point, headland) and the San Lorenzo Island in Callao.

History
The area around the Morro Solar was once a pre-Columbian town known as Armatambo. Following the Spanish conquest of Peru, however, the hillside settlement was abandoned (few fragments exist today, most in bad condition, some endangered to disappear) and forgotten, as the Indians began to move down to shore. The resulting town of San Pedro de los Chorrillos was officially established as the District of Chorrillos on January 2, 1857.

The district's territory was the setting of important episodes in the War of the Pacific against Chile (1879–1883). The so-called Battle of Chorrillos took place in the fields of San Juan, about 11 km away from the town on January 13, 1881; but after the battle, the Chilean soldiers looted, sacked and set fire to the town of Chorrillos, raped the women and killed many civilians, including foreigners, children and women. There is a nameplate inside the Fire Station that remembers the names of the Italian firemen who were executed by a Chilean firing squad for attempting to put out the fires and save the civilian population. From republican times, only a select group of the large old houses have survived, as the majority were destroyed by Chilean invaders.

The Chorrillos Military School was opened here in 1898.

Notable people from Chorrillos

 * Juan Jose Cabezudo (died 1860) - chef
 * Famous Peru national football team midfielder Roberto Palacios grew up in Chorrillos, and that is why he is nicknamed El Chorrillano.
 * The Taekwondo Pan American Champion of Peru, Jean Carlos Gamarra grew up in Chorrillos and founded a Community Taekwondo Program for the impoverished children of "Delicias," a poor neighborhood of the district. His community program has gained the attention of Mayor Augusto Miyashiro and the Federación Deportiva Peruana de Taekwondo in the past.
 * The Afro-Peruvian singer Susana Baca is from Chorrillos.
 * The fisherman José Olaya (José Silverio Olaya Balandra), (1782 - †1823), martyr during the struggle for independence and national hero, was born in Chorrillos.
 * The former Minister of Education Ramón Miranda Ampuero was born there.

Festivities

 * June: Saint Peter
 * October: Lord of Miracles

title: Chorrillos District


text:
Church of the Tithes

The Church of the Tithes or Church of the Dormition of the Virgin (Десятинна Церква, Desiatynna Tserkva;) was the first stone church in Kyiv. Originally it was built by the order of Grand Prince Vladimir (Volodymyr) the Great between 989 and 996 by Byzantine and local workers at the site of death of martyrs Theodor the Varangian and his son Johann. It was originally named the "Church of Our Lady", in honor of the Dormition of the Theotokos. The church was ruined in 1240 during the siege of Kyiv by Mongol armies of Batu Khan.

Vladimir set aside a tithe of his income and property to finance the church's construction and maintenance, which gave the church its popular name.

On an initiative of the Metropolitan of Kyiv Eugene Bolkhovitinov, the church was rebuilt in the mid-19th century, but in 1928 it was once again destroyed by the Soviet regime.

Medieval church
By Vladimir's order, the remains of his grandmother Princess Olga, the first Christian ruler of Rus', were reburied in this church. Vladimir and his wife, Princess Anna, the sister of Byzantine Emperor Basil II, were also buried in the Church of the Tithes.

The church was seriously damaged in the fire of 1017 and was rebuilt by Yaroslav and rededicated in 1039. In 1044, Yaroslav would make the church a mausoleum for Kyivan princes, having the remains of Yaropolk and Oleg baptised and interred.

In 1171 and 1203, the church was sacked and in 1240 it was used by Kyivans as the last refuge while the city was being ravaged by the hordes of Batu Khan, when it finally collapsed from fire. Chernihiv's Saviour Cathedral (1036) is an extant structure supposed to reproduce the dimensions and exterior appearance of the original Church of the Tithes.

Replacement buildings
In the early 19th century, another metropolitan bishop, Eugene Bolkhovitinov, had the site excavated. Under his administration, a new church of the Tithes was built in stone (between 1828 and 1842). Its Russian Revival design by Vasily Stasov had some deviations from the medieval original. In 1935, Stasov's church was destroyed by the Soviet authorities.

Plans for reconstruction
A plan to rebuild the church is under consideration in Kyiv. Proponents of reconstruction point out the historical and political importance of rebuilding a church so significant in Eastern Slavic history. Opponents refer to the lack of any documentary descriptions or depictions of the original church, and that excavations were allegedly unable to determine the layout of its foundation. On 3 February 2005, the President of Ukraine, Viktor Yushchenko, signed a decree on the restoration of the Tithe Church, to which the state budget provides nearly ₴90 million ($18 million). In 2006, a temporary Orthodox tabernacle was illegally erected near the Tithe Church on the territory belonging to the National Museum of History of Ukraine without the appropriate documents. In 2007, the tent church was illegally replaced with a wooden one; in 2012, it was also illegally built in stone.

On July 9, 2009, at a meeting of the Holy Synod of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, it was decided to open the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Desyatynnyi monastery in Kyiv and appoint as governor Gideon Archimandrite (Charon). In January 2010, Kyiv's Head of Urban Planning, Architecture and Urban Environment Design, Sergii Tsilovalnyk, reported that a platform will be built on the ruins of the Tithe church to serve as a foundation for the new church, which will belong to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate). In January 2018, two men attempted to set fire to the 2007 (Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)) wooden church near the Church of the Tithes. Also in January 2018, Ukrainian nationalist groups S14, Traditions and Order and Public Organisation "Sokil" dismantled the information board of this church.

In January 2023, the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy called for the dismantling of the 2007 building in court. According to the ministry, the building was illegally located on the territory of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine. On 15 February 2023 the Commercial Court of Kyiv ordered the dismantling of the 2007 building. On 17 May 2024 the 2007 building was dismantled after a crowdfunding by the museum during which russian propaganda channels spread fake information that mobile communication in the vicinity was blocked. The company "Smile Construction" that dismantled the building transferred their payment to the Armed Forces of Ukraine for their fight against the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

List of burials
Within its premises the church had a princely tomb.
 * Pope Clement I
 * Anna of Byzantium
 * Vladimir the Great
 * Olga of Kiev, reburied from Vyshhorod
 * Yaropolk I of Kiev
 * Oleg of the Drevlyans

The remnants of Anna of Byzantium and Vladimir the Great were first reburied in the Church of the Saviour and later in the Dormition Cathedral of Kyiv Caves Monastery. Some remnants were reburied in the Saint Sophia's Cathedral.

title: Church of the Tithes


text:
User talk:Slrubenstein/archive 4

Talk:Race
I'm sorry if a seem too talkative to you. My comment was in reply to the anonymous comment above, not in criticism of the article. Yes I do know these discussions get repetitive; you could have scolded the author of the anonymous comment, telling him to restrain himself. In defense of what I said (relevance to the present state of the article): The specific point about comparing human variation with interspecies variation seems absent from the article, as are the numbers 98% and 20 (or 5%). The chimpanzees are mentioned in the long-winded "history of the term". an allusion to the quantitative relations is made in Image:Human-nj-tree.png, but the information I supplied is absent (i.e. the 'gapped' branch in the image should be 20 times the length of the inter-human branches to allow an objective quantitative idea of 'race' vs. 'species'. Finally, my comment was not one of the more rambling ones common on WP. dab 18:02, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

FT2
I'm posting this to both of you. The article's unlocked, but this does not mean wholesale revert and edit disputes. Please don't edit for a few minutes. I want to see what BOTH of you have written, and my aim will be to ask you BOTH to stop editing for a bit, stop reverting, and let me take a look 1st. For what its worth in passing my initial impression is the same as that on the article's talk page: SIrubenstein's initial edits were superior to my own wording. I also want to see Cheesedreams wordings if he's added any, and will remove either of both that seem radically POV. I plan to an extent not just to mediate the talk, but to try and guide the two of you as you write the article each contributing valuable information and points to improve it.

When I'm done I'll remove the header and at that point please both COMMENT on the articles talk page on whether you can live with whats there as a starting point. If you cant I may ask for the PROT to go back if you cant both agree something as a basis for going forward.

Please say on my talk page if this is agreeable. FT2

Okay. Please do NOT edit the current version, except for small errors. I have included the most neutral versions of everything that people have done, and tried to do an honest job. I think its good and I think its broadly neutral but yet pays tribute to both secular and christians, and allows both to find what they need. Comments (brief and summary!!) on the talk page for now. hen see where we are at. FT2 03:52, Nov 20, 2004 (UTC)

Jesus stuff
I find this incredibly disheartening. What kind of project is this where a version that pretty much everyone recognizes as clearly superior does not get to be the default version we work from, simply because one user, who clearly is pretty much incapable of dealing with others in any reasonable fashion, objects. This is actually an instance that makes me deeply disillusioned with the wiki as a whole. Privileging process over product in this way seems to me entirely indefensible. The purpose of the article shouldn't be to coddle CheeseDreams. It should be to come up with the best article we can, and it seems to me that the quasi-mediation is accomplishing the former, and very clearly not accomplishing the latter. But I'm not sure what can be done about it. john k 08:32, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Gah, the whole thing is a mess. FT2 seems to me to be about as bad as CheeseDreams, in terms of practical results (his insistence that he has some sort of authority over the content of the article as a mediator is especially annoying). And now someone else has come in and says that the clearly horrible "To those who believe in him, Jesus" opening is better than the "According to the Gospels, Jesus" one? Gah...at this point, I don't even know what to say, this seems to be pure process fetishism. john k 20:18, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Could you please see anon edits at Jesus? I'm not sure if the additions are accurate, and haven't time to crosscheck. - Amgine
 * No, that was the edit I was referring to. So many of the anon edits have been vandalism, and while I was pretty sure of what they meant I just didn't want to assume it was non-vandalism. Thanks for checking for me! - Amgine 02:26, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * In the interests of NPOV the commonness of the name should probably be mentioned. Perhaps by pointing to its most common english translation being Joshua? - Amgine 03:21, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

"Jesus" section critique
Hi. You asked why I prefer one version to another. I thought it might be better to explain on your talk page, I hope that’s OK. This is just my opinion, and I hope I don’t seem harsh. I’ll quote the text and bullet my comments.

“According to the Gospels, Jesus lived in the Galilee and Judea (modern day Israel and Palestine) around the first half of the first century CE.”

 * I would prefer the “according to” at the end of the sentence. That way, the article and sentence would start with the subject of both.
 * This sentence in and of itself is fine, but it leads me to expect more information specifically about Jesus (especially biographical information) to follow immediately, in the next sentence. The change to what actually does follow is too abrupt.

“Some people, especially fundamentalist Christians, take the Gospels to be a literal and accurate account of Jesus' life; other people question whether Jesus ever existed (see Historicity of Jesus for an account of this debate).”

 * Writing “Opinion is divided …” could make the point more concisely and formally (fitting for an encyclopedia).
 * This part: “take the Gospels to be a literal and accurate account of Jesus' life” gives me mild confusion; as a reader, I am unsure what to expect next.
 * To go from (roughly speaking) whether the Gospels are literal to whether Jesus actually existed is a big jump.
 * There are too many ideas in this sentence. It could be improved by ending it after “existed” and making the parenthetical part a separate sentence.

“Some, people, including such critical Bible scholars and historians as Bart Eheman, Paula Fredriksen, John Meier, E.P. Sanders, and Geza Vermes, however, accept that Jesus lived, but reject the Gospels as a literal account of his life.

 * I dislike starting two sentences in a row with the same two words.
 * The predicate is too far from the subject. Requires too much interest or patience from the reader.
 * These two sentences, especially one right after the other, are ping-pongy.

“Specifically, they reject supernatural elements including miracles; argue that the Gospels were written from the point of view of, and in order to support, an orthodox Christianity that was emerging between the second and fourth centuries CE; and that an account of Jesus' life must make sense in terms of his historical and cultural context, rather than Christian orthodoxy.”

This sentence, in and of itself, is fine. But:
 * It might be better bulleted.
 * I don’t know where it’s taking me. Is the article about the debate between these various views?
 * It is an abrupt end for a section.

I hope this is helpful. Maurreen 08:22, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Avot
I have a question inspired by your discussion w/FT2 regarding the Avot tractate.

Neusner goes into quite a bit of detail regarding the Talmud of the Land of Israel, and dating it incidentally to between 400 and 450, but leaves the Avot undiscussed except as part of the BCE 200 Mishna. (At least in Judaisms and their Messiahs at the Turn of the Christian Era.) Can you point me toward a reference regarding the history of this tractate? - Amgine 23:32, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

BCE vs CE You're right, typo... I knew what I meant, but that wasn't what I said... - Amgine

POV and historians
Let me address the last question first: I have not examined your essay as to its specific Christian bias or lack thereof. However, most of the authors you have mentioned have a specific view of history's progress, both method and direction, which is distinctly "Christian" in that it views Christianized cultures as differently valued.

You asked if I knew of any other points of view which might be included. One distinct point of view relevant to the culture and history elements is that of the Jewish historians. In my current readings, these scholars seem to have a distinct POV which is not represented in what I recall of your essay (I haven't perused it since the page was locked, so I may not be recalling precisely.) Other viewpoints I have come across in the past month include Persian, Greek, and Islamic, some of which may be rather divergent from those you have reported on.

It's rather like the systemic bias of the Internet, in general. The literature available to us tends to favor the history of the language in which it is writ. I encourage you to look at translations of historians working in other languages, merely for the comparison.

Finally, historians are not the only sources of valuable information regarding history. An archaeologist associate once argued with me for calling him an historian; his opinion being he works with facts, while historians make up what they will to fit those facts. Much of what I've been reading works with a small collection of facts and on them bases conjectures. Most often this is undoubtedly reasonable and valuable, but a citation for a conjecture is hardly to be considered authoritative to the exclusion of other interpretations of those same facts.

- Amgine 01:35, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh!
 * No, I did not intend you to assume I felt your authors were inherently wrong because they were white and/or christian. I mean there is an inherent or systemic bias in the vast majority of academic writing due to underlying cultural themas. To some extent this is due to the way knowledge is constructed in any single language. Other elements are due to differing or missing cultural concepts.
 * One example of this which I have experienced is the difference between Neusner and Miehl (translated by Knohl). Although both work with Jewish historical texts, their approaches and preconceptions (for example, Miehl does not assume the Diaspora) are often quite different due to their cultural context (Neusner identifies himself as a part of the Diaspora, while Miehl's heritage is of Jews who never left the middle east.) Thus you have a "Western" POV and a "Near-Eastern" POV, both from Jewish backgrounds, but quite different. As a similar example, a Persian grad student explained to me how very little they know of Rome or the Greeks, since there were two far greater Persian empires from which most world knowledge has developed. Consider Chinese history, which had closer ties to the region historically than many parts of Europe. An historian from these other POVs would probably have a very different set of biases.
 * As for "there is certainly a bias in this approach" my intent was to highlight the inherent bias of academia, which rarely admits of the chaos which makes up everyday life but instead focuses on generalizations and dichotomous variables. It is far easier to describe either/or than to develop continuums. Finally, I have seen far more effort by academicians to prove a point (or dispute one) than is invested in producing good quality research; I would be extremely surprised if History turned out to be any different.
 * One last point (I know, I keep saying that...) If I examine your essay to consider, for example, the exact period being discussed, I am seeing and noting different information than when I am critiquing its christian or western bias. Similarly, when grading papers for MLA compliance I note different elements than when looking for a synthesis of a research methodology.
 * Very long-winded tonight. I hope I have addressed your concerns. - Amgine 04:43, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I understand your concern, unfortunately too well. I will attempt, when I critique on bias, to be specific and explicit.
 * Just a weird factoid I just found - Neusner has been involved in 249 book manuscripts! that's more than some of the professional editors I've known... Either he doesn't sleep, or he's first author in name only. I'm having a hard time finding english texts which are not based on his earlier works. - Amgine 21:28, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Cultural and Historical background of Jesus
SLR, sorry to see that both the Jesus article and the Cultural and Historical Background of Jesus article have become such sources of frustration for you. Just a glance through the Talk page of the latter is enough to tire me out. Cheesedreams and FT2 have to be two of the most persistent creatures anywhere and it's a shame their takes on these topics are so out there. I read Jesus a while back and thought it was excellent, but it must have been a version recently minted by you and a few other reasonable people. I'll take a look at it in the upcoming days... I delay because I know I might get drawn into the debate and I'd rather use my tiny energy reserves for useful editing. All I can say is: keep plugging away. When you're tussling with Cheesedreams and similar POV machines try to keep in mind that many other, quieter people appreciate your work. JDG 23:40, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Mediation
Hi Slrubenstein, sorry about your lack of email; that is going to make things more difficult.

As I said at Talk:Cultural and historical background of Jesus, I am trying to get away from a "I said"-"you said" disagreement, where all that I can understand from what is said is a series of accusations & denials. And this appears to be where the article -- & the dispute -- is currently at.

What you wrote is not lost: I printed off a copy of it, & it exists in the history log for my Talk page. If I end up moving all of the discussion to a general page, it will reappear there.

As I said before, I see good points made on all sides, but I feel it will be a challenge to get everyone to agree that is the case. Please have patience. -- llywrch 02:29, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I saw your note about email. As soon as you get an account, could you contact me? I'd like to contact you privately. -- llywrch 19:14, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I just saw your note. I have no idea why my email link would bounce; I just rechecked the address it links to, & that is the same one I've had for almost 12 years. I've been busy with one person for the last 2 days, so that is why you haven't seen any email from me. I'll be rememdying that omission that shortly. -- llywrch 00:33, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Don't use the link on my home page at agora -- use the link on my User page here at Wikipedia. Or just reply to the address on the email I sent you last night. (I had forgotten about that contact link on my home page: it was a joke I created back in 1996, the last time I updated my home page.) -- llywrch 17:21, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Request for Arbitration
I have just noted, by chance, that CheeseDreams has brought a case against you, me and others for Arbitration. Given that I only found out by chance rather than notification, I thought I would let you know in case you would like to comment on WP:RFAR. jguk 22:54, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I think you misunderstood the Request for Arbitration. CheeseDreams cited us (and others) as defendants in a case that CheeseDreams is bringing. I'm not sure that you (or I - and I would rather not be there eiter) can remove our names from CheeseDreams' citations. I have readded your name before CheeseDreams takes further offence. I don't like what he's done either, but I think we both need to trust the Arbitrators to make the right decision on this on. Best wishes jguk 00:00, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I think jguk is right. At first I couldn't understand the case, but apparently CheeseDreams case is against all those people, including the three of us. Jayjg 00:07, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree it's confusing. CheeseDreams could certainly have worded it better, I had to read the page three times and check the page history to be sure that it was him bringing the case against us. jguk 00:17, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

your version
Can you point me at a version of [Cultural and Historic background of Jesus] that is close to what you think is a correct version? And what parts of that version you think don't belong? Pedant 00:21, 2004 Dec 1 (UTC) Thanks for the quick response, I've been polling the recent active contributors to that page. Pedant

Great work...
...recently on Culture. -- Jmabel | Talk 20:26, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

background of Jesus
Thank you for your apology, but you have said nothing to me in the past few days for which you might need to apologize.

I do not believe, under the current circumstances, the mediation could possibly lead to a resolution of the conflict as the current mediator has decided to become involved in the dispute. Mediation, as a process, determines what the multiple parties which to accomplish, and then maps a process to achieve that goal. For example, I would have expected the mediator to find out what you would want included or excluded from the article, the same for myself, and then form a process where we could reach compromise the points of conflict. I do not feel the mediator could now do this, as it is unlikely all parties would accept the neutrality of the mediator. This is sometimes known as "poisoning the well", breaking the trust the parties have in the mediator/process.

As an example of how damaged the circumstance has become, you have called on the mediator to support you in the dispute. You, too, feel the mediator is both involved and willing/able to make decisions.

This is just my opinion, but I feel the mediation is not going to accomplish anything. Since I do *not* want to cause conflict on Wikipedia (I find it far more harmful than vandalism) I will avoid a topic region I feel currently over-run by POV and thus avoid either the stress of not supporting Wikipedia NPOV or the conflict of doing so - especially so since I am the person withdrawing from the mediation.

Amgine

Jesus in a cultural and historical background
Hi, Sl. Without expressing any particular opinion either way, might I recommend that you unprotected this page and list it on Requests for page protection? I think it's probably the easiest way to avoid any more ugliness... (and the page won't mind being unprotected for a few minutes :)  — Kate Turner | Talk 22:28, 2004 Dec 3 (UTC)

Huh...the page rather minded, didn't it? In the time it was unprotected, CheeseDreams managed to move it to Historical reconstruction of the sort of person Jesus would be. So now I've reverted and put my ass on the line by reprotecting it. To be honest, I don't think there's any way out of this except banning CheeseDreams. Since she's rejected Llywrch's mediation, can we move to a request for arbitration? john k 23:41, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hey, Snowspinner seems to have started up a request for arbitration against CD...not sure if it can be seconded or not. john k 16:37, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Out of curiosity
Why do you call CheeseDreams "bubeleh"? She doesn't seem to like it. I agree this user is engaging in bizarre behaviour, but this knickname might make it more difficult for ArbCom or anyone else to separate goats from the sheep. If a user engages in uncivil conduct, we ought not reduce ourselves to their level. Cool Hand Luke  04:11, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Oh, and thank you for restoring my amendment. I have no first-hand experience of of your problems with this user, but premature and unfounded RfCs are quite annoying, I think. Cool Hand Luke  04:14, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I do what I can...
Thanks for the note -- I hoped I could provide at least a brief diversion. Despite the seriousness with which objections and allegations are made, I really find that things become remarkably silly most of the time -- you saw the RFC against me, I think. :-) The requests against you and John were frivolous too, of course, but I think we do have to grant them the merit of having described at least some of your actions correctly (you really did protect a page, as I recall).  I've tried six ways from Sunday to figure out how anything I said was ad hominem and had to give up with a chuckle.  I'm still unclear as to whether the request was merely an effort to stir up trouble, or whether there was a sincere belief that I had committed the grave offense of which I was accused.  Either way, it worries me a bit.  We'll see what comes of all this, anyhow.  I will say one thing for the events of the last month or two -- it's been nice working with the likes of you and Wesley and John K again (and I think I've met a few others on that page who are at least reasonably interested in compromise and NPOV, so good for them too).  Best wishes to you this holiday season -- I don't know whether Chanukah is observed by you or not (I try not to assume too much from "Rubenstein" since I'm probably one of the few "Rosenzweig"s in the world celebrating Christmas each year :-) but if it is I hope it's pleasant. I can't recall whether it starts early or late this year -- I suppose I should check our no doubt excellent article. Anyhow, see you soon on one page or another, Jwrosenzweig 22:29, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Adding a date and time stamp
Sorry to nag, but can you please use 4 tildes ~ to add a date and time stamp to your contributions to the discussions about the No Original Research Rule. I am having difficulty in following the sequence of contributions. Apwoolrich 19:22, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:No original research (draft rewrite)
Are you aware of: Wikipedia talk:No original research (draft rewrite)? I just asked because I noticed that you just made a change to No original research and you haven't contributed to the draft. By the way I've read the ongoing discussion on Wikipedia talk:No original research and I would like to say that I applaud your efforts there. Paul August 21:45, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

Hope my comments help
Slr, I've left a note on the page -- I hope I don't irritate you much. :-) I don't care for Stirling's version but I still have a few changes to suggest for yours, I think.  Hopefully I can help you avoid another prolonged argument (but who knows).  I don't always have luck in that regard.  And finally, if I can offer any kind of suggestion, I think you need a break from edit-warring for a day, if you can -- I admit, Stirling's comments seem pretty off the wall, but I think you were sharper in reply to him than you would normally be.  I would humbly prescribe an hour or two with an excellent book or a CD or two of your favorite music: I know what it's like to experience Wikiburnout (I'm sure you do too) and I usually find that these things help me get a little peace and perspective.  If my suggestion comes across as patronizing or off-putting in any way, I hope you'll think nothing of it -- merely a thought I had that I felt like sharing.  Have a pleasant and light-filled evening, Jwrosenzweig 23:52, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Postmodernity reverts
I warned User:Stirling Newberry about the 3RR, so should in fairness remind you too. I suspect you're keenly aware of it considering the abrupt halt to your reverts. I wish I had taken a critical theory course, but my interest is primarily in ethics and early modern philosophy. I will say, however, that I trust User:COGDEN's judgement, and that his introduction seemed somewhat more illuminating. The plurality against the shorter introduction is compelling, but I unfortunately have nothing to add to the discussion. Cool Hand Luke  23:56, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Postmodernity debate
Ok, as you requested, I've read through the postmodernity history and discussion. I'm afraid that it's considerably outside my areas of expertise. I will say, for what it's worth, that I substantially agree with Jwrosenzweig's assessment both on talk:postmodernity and above. Paul August 00:29, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

 * Quoth: I don't consider anything I do on wikipedia to be my own private property, so if your proposal is just about making it available more broadly I can't object!
 * Not objecting is great, but you must explicitly state on your user page (or User:Slrubenstein/Copyrights) what your intentions are (legally speaking) if you'd like to multi-license. Copy and paste into your user page a template such as  "  " (for public domain) or "  " (to restrict to copyleft CC-by-sa).    – Ram-Man (comment) (talk)   19:27, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Calling a spade a bad name
Hi, Slr... I'm sorry, I couldn't help myself. I know it's wrong, but frankly it's really annoying to see people being deliberately and brazenly deceptive, contrary, and moreover insulting. Argh. You already understand everything I want to say, here. Irritating that all of us must continue to treat him/her with the respect and decorum and good faith that s/he won't show to us. Graft 22:04, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hahaha
LOL, I thought that was CheeseDreams again. You shouldn't do that! X) -- 22:23, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Slr, you made me laugh also -- the note about Jesus looking annoyed was most amusing. I hope the article settles down soon -- certainly the misleading edit summaries are the sort of thing that will attract community attention (or so I dearly hope!) Jwrosenzweig 22:31, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Arbitration case
Your case against User:CheeseDreams has opened; please go to Requests for arbitration/CheeseDreams/Evidence and submit your evidence. Thanks. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 01:39, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

Language issues
I'm working my way through the archives, and I've noticed an interesting sub-misunderstanding which, for me at least, seems critical to the discussion regarding "messianic" groups.

On several occasions you make the point that figures were not described as messiahs in the context. You also state you have no problem "using the terms used at the time -- more precise, and avoids anachronisms." This raises an immediate issue, in my mind: you aren't using the Hebraic terms, you're using modern english terms. Thus you are stating no one used the term messiah which is of course true because the term didn't exist. Some of the meanings of the term are included in the term משיח, transliterated as Mašíaḥ, but not all and the contextual use would certainly not be the same as messiah.

Stepping back from that, when writing for a modern audience, in their language, one is required to use terms they are familiar with. So, describing a group as messianic, for a modern audience, describes a group with a charismatic leader with religio-political overtones. I just wasted a lot of time reading through a couple dozen articles (the text search is back on) using messiah and messianic, and I think it's safe to say none of them would qualify under the first century context of mašíaḥ.

I guess what I'm trying to say is the argument against the use of "messianic groups" seems based on a fairly flawed logic. If the group would qualify by the modern usage of the term, then it should be acceptable in a modern article. But this is just my opinion of course. - Amgine 00:33, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for commenting on my page, but it seems to me that your research only makes my case stronger. It is true that we are writing an English encyclopedia, not a Hebrew one.  So of course we will translate words.  In most cases we should translate consistently.  For example, if Josephus uses the word for "prophet," we should use the word for "prophet;" if he uses the word for "messiah," we should use the word "Messiah."  In other words, when sources use words consistently, we should translate them consistently.  This is one basic principle of translation. Slrubenstein

 * "Messiah," however, is a special case. It is a Hebrew word that has entered into English, but its meaning has changed.  This complicates the matter of translation.  Normally, when translating from one language to another, it is simple -- for every word given a particular denotation in one language, there is another word in a different language with a similar denotation.  But what happens when two languages share the same word?  This is the question concerning "messiah."  Note: you seem to misunderstand me and seem to think I am saying we need to use the original word "moshiach" and you are saying use the English word "Messiah."  This is a misunderstanding or misrepresentation of what I wrote.  This is not a question of "messiah" versus "moshiach," english versus hebrew.  I agree that the article should use English words.  But the problem is, what messiah/moshiach means for Jews today is different from what messiah/moshiah means for Christians, and what messiah/moshiach means for people today is different from what messiah/moshiach meant in the first century.  You yourself say that you have read through several articles that use the word "messiah" but not in a first century way -- which is exactly why we should be very very careful about how we use the word "messiah" in any article about 1st century Judea.  How people use the word today is different from how it was used back then.  So if we use the word at all, that difference needs to be explained.  So another principle of translation is required: take into account the changing meaning of words over time.  Slrubenstein

 * This is compounded by another matter in translation -- when a word has two translations. This is also the case with "moshiach" which can be translated as "annointed" OR as "messiah."  These aren't just two different words, theya re two different types of words: the first is a past participle noun (which usually modifies another noun), the second is a noun that stands alone.  So another principle of translation is required: be attentive to context. Slrubenstein

 * So how does this play out? We find a text from the first century that refers to "moshiah/messiah."  Should we use the word "messiah" in our article?  Or annointed?  It depends.  If the word is being used to modify another noun, like king or priest, I would translate it as the past participle (annointed king, annointed priest).  If the word is being used, in the first century, to stand alone, we have to ask whether it refers to something just like what people mean today by "messiah," or to something very different from what people today mean by "messiah?"   In most cases, it is used to mean something very different from what most people today mean.  Of course, translate it as "messiah," but then you have to explain that it doesn't mean what most people today think the word means.  And I don't think most people think it means, as you say, charismatic leader with religio-political overtones.  I think most people today think the messiah is a divine savior of humanity.  That is not what it meant back then, so we need to explain it. Slrubenstein

 * And what about "charismatic leaders with religio-politico overtones?" Well, As I said, find out what people back then called them.  Then translate that word into English.  The word is "prophet."  If 1st century sources refer to someone like the Egyption using the word that has been translated as "prophet," and if scholars continue to use the word "prophet" to describe the Egyptian, why on earth should we call him a messiah or leader of a messianic group?  I go further and say, look at the scholarship.  Scholars point out that there were two different models for prophets: the Moses kind, and the Elijah kind.  Although Jews used one word, which we translate as prophet, scholars use an adjective to modify this one word to make the distinction clear.  The "Moses" model is called "milenial prophets" and that is what we should call those "prophets" who lead these political movements.  We should definitely not call them messianic groups, because no one back then called them messiahs; they did not hold the beliefs about messiahs that people hold today; and scholars don't call them messiahs.  Three very good reasons for not calling them messiahs. Slrubenstein

 * These are the principles I have been arguing for, consistently. If you look at my version of the article, I follow exactly these principles.  I really do not see the flawed logic.  What is wrong with these principles? Slrubenstein

 * You illustrated my point, actually: if [Josephus] uses the word for "messiah," we should use the word "Messiah." Nobody, so far as I know, used the word "messiah" in surviving 1st century texts.

 * Translation, as you are aware, is not a one-for-one process. The concept of "messiah" did not exist in the languages of the region and time (David Miehl's argument aside), thus it is impossible to "translate" it.

 * Since there was no way a figure could be recognized as messianic at the time, but that a figure could fit the role by its modern definition, is obvious. The term prophet does not describe the role of messiah to a modern audience. Period. The question is only how to describe that role. You object to the word. If you know of another term which means the same that would be the best compromise. If you don't have a clear term it would be very biased against a lay audience to refuse to use language they understand. - Amgine 01:37, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

One of us still misunderstands the other. First, Jews even today have a different concept of "messiah" than Christians. There is a Jewish conception of "messiah" today that Jews had in the first century. It is the Christian conception of "messiah" that did not exist in the first century, or at least in the first third of the first century. In other words, there is no "the" concept of "messiah," there are different concepts of messiah and one of these concepts did indeed exist in the first century. There most definitely is a way a person at that time could have been considered messianic.

Second, the reason I think Theudas and the Egyption should be labled as prophets is that this is the word that both the contemporary source, Josephus uses, and scholars today use. You seem to think that these two men correspond to what you call "the role [of messiah] by its modern definition." Let's leave aside the fact that your "modern" definition still excludes the definition Jews have, today as in the past. I think that even by the role of messiah in its non-Jewish "modern" definition, Theudus and the Egyptian were not messiahs.

The only way I see is to explain what Josephus and others meant by "prophet" at the time, and explain what Josephus and others meant by "messiah" at the time. Isn't this what an encyclopedia is supposed to do? Educate people? Explain things to people? Are people -- most of them non-Jews-- really going to be surprised that Jews two thousand years ago had different ideas than people (including even many Jews) have today? Aren't readers of a wikipedia article on history going to read the article because they want to learn about people in the past, in a different culture? Won't they want to know how those people classified different social actors (roles)? Wouldn't they want to learn how they used words? I see this as a "teaching moment," an opportunity to explain to people something they didn't know I think that is what encyclopedias are for. Slrubenstein 02:24, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually, no, there was no Jewish concept of messiah. There was no doctrine of messiah in Mishnah 200CE, no doctrine of messiah in Avot, no doctrine of messiah, in fact, until the Talmud of the Land of Israel 400-450CE. See Neusner, et al. Before this time the term was used taxonomically. I have brought this to your attention before.

 * The point of the article Cultural and historical background of Jesus is not to educate readers about messiah, but to describe, in language they understand, the cultural and historical background of Jesus. - Amgine 03:05, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I will try to be clearer. Prior to Constantine there is no evidence the Jewish people believed there would be a messiah. Period. The only use... let me quote exactly - In Mishna ca A.D. 200 we look in vain for a doctrine of the Messiah. "Messiah" serves as a taxonomic indicator, distinguishing one type of priest or general from another." pg 65. Doctrine is merely a principle or group of principles presented for acceptance or belief, such as "a messiah will arise to restore the nation of Israel".

 * To use any other term - such as prophet - to describe the messianic groups is misleading to a modern audience. Their importance in the cultural/historical background is not their morality, divine inspiration, or soothsaying, but their charismatic leadership. On the other hand, there's absolutely no reason not to use "messianic", which implies messiah-like without the mantle of messiah (some would even suggest it implies falseness, but I don't think it quite goes over that edge of POV.) - Amgine 05:10, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Revisiting your request
Hi. Would you still like for me to read the various versions of those articles in question? If so, could you link them directly for me, just so I know what I am looking for. As an aside, best of luck in 'managing' user:198. I see he just added Leninist to the op. paragraph of the Karl Marx article: I suppose we should expect him to add Maoist, Stalinist, Trotskyite, Fidelist, et cetera, etc. reall soon! El_C

 * Uh oh. He might actually end up adding these now. I should have said nothing, or better yet, pm'd you. I confess to being mildly amused though. El_C
 * Don't listen to that troll. All he does is Slander my good name.--198 03:52, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * When one is uncertain of a user's gender, it's best to say s/he. El_C
 * My name is Mark "E_LC," you may call me that if you wish.--198 23:22, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Whereas my personal details are private, user:198. Yet again, I insist you cease from trolling my user talk page. El_C
 * I wish to discuss with you about the Karl Marx page but you removing my comments.--198 05:31, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Don't call me boy, –especially– when I indicate to you that I may not be male (!). And stop trolling my user talk page. All your comments will continue to be removed from there automatically. El_C
 * Well than young lady, please don't remove my comments--198 06:34, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Do not call me lady or boy. And most certainly, do not call me young. For someone who claims to be a "Professor" (no less) you have very questionable inter-personal skills. And I have not even touched on your consistent failures to articulate yourself (your grasp and knowledge of the English language strikes me as highly limited, for a Professor). I –will– remove all comments you make on my user talk page, and you will cease trolling me there and elsewhere. And you will address me respectfully in accordance with Wikipedia policies. That is all, user:198. El_C

title: User talk:Slrubenstein/archive 4


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/William Henry Farquhar

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 00:22, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

William Henry Farquhar
Seems like a very, very minor historical figure. Served on the school board, acted as census taker, made a bid for the senate, raised a family. Nothing that really stands out. --Lee Hunter 23:23, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Bogus VFD. Perfectly notable minor historical figure. Keep. --Centauri 01:16, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Being notable in a single county in the USA is sufficient to be in Wikipedia? Shouldn't we try to be more global here? Just imagine every county or municipality in the world putting up an article for their notable figures. JoaoRicardo 01:49, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, just imagine it; there's finally an encyclopedia that can actually make it a reality. --Centauri 06:29, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * And Wikimedia will spend money archiving information no one will ever want to read. JoaoRicardo 23:45, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * "Hard disks are cheap. I agree with this one completely. --w:Jimbo Wales." Keep. (At the same time, I can appreciate some case for deletion. But keep.) Samaritan 03:12, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Point taken. But I must say I find the appeal to authority unnecessary. The argument you cited is valid per se, it doesn't need to be endorsed by someone. JoaoRicardo 18:43, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, not notable - Google hits less than 150. Megan1967 02:28, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Unsure. It's IMO unsafe to vote to delete on the basis of Google, many things are under-represented on the WWW. No vote as yet. Andrewa 02:32, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Perfectly legitimate article. Just becuase you've never heard of him doesn't mean he doesn't merit an article. --L. Pistachio 02:42, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Legitimate article.  --L33tminion | (talk) 02:53, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sounds like a good guy to name a middle school after, but an article about him is outside of the scope of the Wikipedia. --b. Touch 03:01, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. It is hard to say why someone thought this person was interesting enough to write an article about.   I'm guessing that it was someone connected with the Middle School that is named after him.  It might be a young person who wrote it, and perhaps he or she didn't quite capture what Farquhar achieved on the School Board that made them think to name a Middle School after him one hundred years later.  The article was only written today and is the first contribution of this user.    I'm going to wait and see if there is any more information forthcoming.  Right now, my first instinct is "Don't bite the newbies."  --BM 03:25, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. It has the earmarks of family history research. My take is that the anonymous author is a relative.  But the subject did have a school named after him, and threw good parties. -R. S. Shaw 03:47, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, more significant than some of the randoms that the great 1911EB thought were encyclopedia-worthy. Stan 05:24, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and I look forward to the day we have representatives of "every county or municipality in the world putting up an article for their notable figures" - SimonP 05:34, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. James F. (talk) 12:36, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. jni 13:59, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Article does not establish noteworthiness persisting into the present day. --Angr 16:14, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Detailed, reasonably well written, significant enough to have a school named after him. Good effort by a newbie. A comprehensive encyclopedia needs to be ... well ... comprehensive. 80N 23:54, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep as "harmless". However, I'd really like to see references cited on such an obscure individual. -- Jmabel | Talk 22:00, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and I concur with Jmabel: I want to see a reference. Antandrus 22:05, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, it's helpful. Wyss 23:41, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * keep. Yuckfoo 01:10, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. -- Necrothesp 03:56, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Social consciousness

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Ecook002.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:36, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

I
I don't believe that "a necessary part of society" is NPOV. If "necessary" is being used to mean "unavoidable," it should be reworded. LizardWizard 23:25, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Social consciousness


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/February 4, 2005


text: Wikipedia:POTD/February 4, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/February 4, 2005


text:
User:Brendanconway

I'm an Irish emergency physician working in Kent. I interest myself in most everything on Wikipedia.

I take full responsibility for my actions; review my admin actions here.

ga:Úsáideoir:Breandán

Articles started
Annals of Emergency Medicine Aughagower Australasian College for Emergency Medicine Balla Ballintubber Abbey Betsy Trotwood British Association for Emergency Medicine Carraroe Carrowkennedy ambush Caher Island Certificate of Completion of Training Churchill House Claddy Clare Island Cló Iar-Chonnachta Coastal Skipper Collanmore Island College of Emergency Medicine Competent Crew European Museum of the Year Award Faculty of Accident and Emergency Medicine Galway Clinic Glenans Ireland Inishark Inishturk Ishak Haleva Juan Bernardino Les Glénans Letterkenny General Hospital Lordship Lane Lough Carra Louisburgh, County Mayo Máel Muire ingen Cináeda Maoist Communist Centre Mayo General Hospital Membership of the College of Emergency Medicine Merlin Park Regional Hospital Minor Injuries Unit Peter Browne (1670-1724) Philippe ViannayRockfleet Castle Royal College of Anaesthetists Sligo General Hospital Staff grade St Andrews Agreement Tilma Turlough, County Mayo University College Hospital Galway

MY SHORTCUTS My userboxes

title: User:Brendanconway


text:
2005 World Men's Handball Championship

The 2005 World Men's Handball Championship was the 19th team handball World Championship. It was played in Tunisia from 23 January to 6 February 2005.

The winner of the gold medal was Spain, Croatia took silver and France won the bronze.

List
5 Tunisian cities were hosts for the 2005 Championship. The most modern stadiums – spread all over the country – had been selected. The final match took place in the Hall 7th Novembre in Radès, south-east of the capital Tunis.

All Star Team

 * MVP: Ivano Balić
 * Goalkeeper: Arpad Šterbik
 * Left wing: 🇷🇺 Eduard Koksharov
 * Left back: 🇹🇳 Wissem Hmam
 * Centre back: Ivano Balić
 * Right back: Mateo Garralda
 * Right wing: Mirza Džomba
 * Pivot: 🇨🇿 David Juříček

Top goalscorers
Source: IHF

Top goalkeepers
Source: IHF

title: 2005 World Men's Handball Championship


text:
Foreign investment

Foreign Investment may refer to:

 * Foreign direct investment, of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country
 * Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007, an Act of the United States Congress
 * Foreign Investment and NRI Cell, Government of Haryana, in the Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation (HSIIDC) Panchkula
 * Foreign Investment Promotion Board, a national agency in India
 * Foreign Investment Review Agency, ensures that foreign acquisition and establishment of businesses is beneficial to Canada
 * Foreign Investment Review Board, examines proposals by foreign persons to invest in Australia
 * Foreign portfolio investment, entry of funds into a country where foreigners deposit money in a country's bank or make purchases in the country's stock and bond markets, sometimes for speculation

title: Foreign investment


text:
User talk:Cukestroke

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Infrogmation 23:38, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Cukestroke


text:
User talk:New~enwiki

Minoritarianism
Thanks for the new content in this article--it really enhanced it. I took some time to rework the article again, leaving the new content there but cleaned up somewhat (and I think better organized). Check it out and see if you like it. — Stevie is the man!  Talk 23:39, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

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Renamed
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title: User talk:New~enwiki