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Hanover, South Africa

Hanover is a small town in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Named after Hanover in Germany, the town was established in 1854.

Much of the farming in the area is with Merino sheep. Hanover has a local Spar and a Supermarket and small tuck shops. Hanover also has a Primary school (Grade R - 7) and a High School named Phakamisani High School (8 - 12). The Hanover citizens struggle to find jobs and go to De Aar, Richmond and Colesberg for grocery shopping. Hanover is split in two, namely Kleuring gebied and Kwezi.

Tourist attractions
The Fountain, a powerful spring in town, releases about 205,000 litres of water per day. A footpath leads up to Trappieskop which offers panoramic views of the area.

Hanover claims to be the country's most central place. It is equidistant from Cape Town and Johannesburg, centrally positioned between Cape Town and Durban as well as Port Elizabeth and Upington and it is the hub of an arc formed by Richmond, Middelburg and Colesberg.

Historic figures were at the centre of life here, people like Olive Schreiner, author and women's rights champion, and the tempestuous Rev. Thomas Francois Burgers. Among its residents were the wealthy and eccentric. The town's chief constable was the grandson of Lord Charles Somerset, the magistrate's clerk a son of Charles John Vaughan, Dean of Llandaff, well-known churchman and devotional writer of his day, and the local doctor was the son of a former Solicitor-General of Jamaica.

Well-known people of today hailing from Hanover includes Zwelinzima Vavi, the General Secretary of the Congress of South African Trade Unions.

The country's first observatory once stood proud at the top of Trappieskop, however it has been moved and is now part of the observatory at Sutherland.

Today the busy Karoo N1 route cuts through the veld between the town and its cemetery. But during the last century all roads converged in Hanover and all travellers passed through the town. It was on an important stop for stage coaches carrying passengers to the Diamond Fields, and the Free State mail was carried through by post cart. Daily life bubbled with people ever on the move. But then in 1884, the advent of the railway deprived the town of much of its through traffic and its character slowly changed.

Link with Olive Schreiner
South African author and women's rights pioneer, Olive Schreiner, and husband Cron lived in Hanover from 1900 to 1907 in a typical small iron-roofed Karoo cottage with a "stoep". Schreiner House, on the corner of Grace and New street. Olive was very happy in Hanover where the Karoo air relieved her asthma. She wrote to friends saying, 'this is the prettiest village I have ever seen'.

Early history
Farmers moved gradually northwards and settled in this area in the 18th century. One of the early farms was Petrusvallei which in time became Hanover. The farm was originally granted to W. L. Pretorius in November 1841, but things did not go all that well with him and by February the following year he sold to Jan J. Smook. Frederick von Malditz later acquired the property and later still Petrus J. Botha, who sold it to Gert Johannes Wilhelm Gouws, the grandson of Sterren Gauche, a German who had come to Africa in search of his fortune. Petrusvallei was part of an outlying district of Graaff-Reinet and simply known as Bo-Zeekoeirivier (Upper Hippopotamus River). Farmers had to undertake long and arduous journeys to Graaff-Reinet for church, communion or nagmaal services, marriages and baptisms. But in time they felt the need for a religious, administrative and educational centre of their own, so they petitioned the Government for a town.

On 17 July 1854, a six-man committee bought the farm for the sum of 33 333 Rixdollars. Their intention was to start a settlement and church farm. Gouws was retained as manager and J. J. Swart was in charge of finances. Survey work started almost immediately, and early in 1856 forty plots were sold. Soon a town mushroomed at the foot of a cluster of hills near a strong natural spring called The Fountain. It delivered over 200,000 litres of fresh water a day, and still does. By 13 October 1856, the affairs of this fledgling town were placed in the hands of a church council. At Gous's request it was agreed to name the village Hanover as his grandfather had come from that city in Germany.

A municipality was established and P. Watermeyer elected mayor. He also served the town as Member of Parliament until 1888. District boundaries were firmly established by January 1859, the same year the first church, a typical tiny cruciform thatched-roofed building, was completed.

When the first erven were sold, prospective residents were instructed to build directly on and parallel to the edge of the road with gardens at the back. In later years when verandahs came into fashion, these structures were allowed to encroach on the pavement. For this privilege home-owners paid a special tax of one shilling a year. They still pay for the privilege, but in 1994 the fee was raised to R10. The irrigation furrows, or leivoortjies, were built from The Fountain to take water to village vegetable gardens. The system started working in 1870, and has never changed, water flowing in the furrows day and night. All the original plots still get two irrigation turns a week, strictly according to the distribution chart drawn up in 1870.

Hanover was declared a magisterial district on 13 November 1876, and Charles Richard Beere was appointed magistrate. A man of foresight, Beere insisted residents plant trees so their descendants would have shade. With the help of prisoners he built an easy-to-climb, stepped footpath to the summit of the hill now called Trappieskop. Beere wanted visitors to share the superb views from its summit. He loved the Karoo and could often be found on the summit of Trappieskop watching the sun rise or set. When he died in 1881, a stone pyramid was erected on its summit to his memory and to honour his contribution to the development of the town.

Hanover grew rapidly. By 1881 a jail was built, but a courthouse only came in 1897. The town had a post and telegraph office, a bank, several general dealers, a hotel and a school. Its list of tradesmen included a mason, a farrier and groom, painter, miller, dam builder, brick maker, scab inspector, carpenter, wagon maker, butcher, a post rider and carriers to the railway station 18 km away. The original farmstead is today a national monument. It houses a small cultural history museum, and on display are old bottles, clothes, glassware, kitchen utensils and implements. There is also an intriguing model of the Dutch Reformed Church.

Boer War executions
In the cemetery on the outskirts of town a pyramid of stone marks the grave of three young men executed during the Anglo-Boer War. The people of Hanover were deeply touched by this event. A train had been derailed and plundered at Taaibosch, 20 km from town. Shortly afterwards several young men sleeping in the outside rooms of a nearby farm were taken into custody. They were charged with 'maliciously assisting Boer forces,’ robbery and the deaths of passengers. Tried on somewhat dubious authority by a military court at De Aar, three, Sarel Nienaber, J. P. Nienaber and J. A. Nieuwoudt, were shot. They protested their innocence to the end.

In H. J. C. Pieterse's book on General Wynand Malan's Boer War experiences, the general states that his commando was responsible for the derailment. The general says the young men were not involved at all. The British, in fact, had sent them to the farm to collect fodder for horses. After the war General Malan joined Olive and Cron Schreiner in a lengthy campaign to have the names of the three cleared. The pyramid of stone over their grave bears this inscription: 'Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord'.

title: Hanover, South Africa


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User:Spyorking

S P Yorking is a writer who lives in England. He is just starting out on a film book to rivel Halliwells, a task that he hopes to finish before he dies.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Spyorking


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Solar panel car

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was redirect. This has been done. Joyous 23:50, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

Solar panel car
From the people who brought you pond muck car (Votes for deletion/Pond muck car) and french fry car (Votes for deletion/French fry car). Uncle G 12:21, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)
 * Delete and add to requested articles, unless there is something similarly titled I missed, in which case redirect (perhaps to World solar challenge). The current article reads like a 12 year old saw Ripley's Believe it or not and got excited. Once you take out the speculation and the utterly un-notable reference to a TV series (have they only just noticed?), you're left with the statement that a solar panel car is a car with solar panels on it. Average Earthman 12:51, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. If no-one cleans up, should be deleted added to requests as Solar car. It is a notable piece of technology as seen in the world solar challenge. Saving my vote in the hope that someone creates something before the close of this process. I might have a go at it myself. 220.244.224.72 17:19, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oops. That was me. Capitalistroadster 17:24, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Have written an article on solar car. I vote to Redirect to the solar car article.Capitalistroadster 09:26, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge anything useable to World solar challenge, unless someone wants to write up a decent article under Solar car. Agree in principle with Capitalistroadster's suggestion. Megan1967 23:08, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)*
 * Redirect Solar car now it's been made. Nice article. Kappa 21:04, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect Solar car. Good job Capitalistroadster.  Johntex 18:27, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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User talk:Spyorking

Bold textHELLO

title: User talk:Spyorking


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User talk:Julian.hero~enwiki

Welcome!
Hi Julian.hero, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

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Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 12:22, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Julian.hero. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Julian.hero~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:40, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Julian.hero~enwiki


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User:Demiurge/monobook.js

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title: User:Demiurge/monobook.js


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Cordón del Azufre

Cordón del Azufre is an inactive complex volcano located in the Central Andes, at the border of Argentina and Chile. It consists of three stages of volcanic cones and associated lava flows, and its activity is a consequence of the subduction of the Nazca Plate underneath the South American Plate. North of it are the dormant volcano Lastarria and the actively uplifting Lazufre region.

Geoography and geology
The volcano, which is sometimes conflated with Lastarria, lies at the border between Argentina and Chile and contains a series of lava flows and volcanic craters and lava flows, covering a surface area of 60 km2. Four craters are aligned in a north–south direction on a 5 km ridge, which could reflect a north-south trending lineament. Numerous monogenetic volcanoes and stratovolcanoes developed on it and buried most of its central crater under lava flows. A pile of lava flows covers an area of 25 km2 on the eastern side. The eastern component is formed by lava flows and craters in Argentina, and the youngest part la Moyra volcano in the western component generated a lava flow that advanced 6 km westwards and another that ran 3 km to the east. To the north lie the Plio-Pleistocene Atalaya volcano, followed by the Quaternary Azufre Oriental and Lastarria volcanoes, to the south the Plio-Pleistocene Chuta, the Quaternary Cerro Bayo Complex and the Los Colorados caldera. The area is uninhabited and remote, the climate arid, windy and with high temperature variations.

Cordón del Azufre is located 300 km east of the Chile Trench, where the subduction takes place. At this latitude, the volcanic arc intersects a probably deep-seated structural area named the Archibarca corridor. Around Cordón del Azufre is a more local-scale raised region, as has been observed for some other CVZ volcanoes. The landscape is largely devoid of through-going drainages, as the extreme dryness and the frequent blockages by lava flows prevent its development.

Regional context and composition
Off the western coast of South America, the Nazca Plate subducts beneath the South American Plate. This subduction is responsible for volcanism in the Andean Volcanic Belt, including the Northern Volcanic Zone, the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ), the Southern Volcanic Zone and the Austral Volcanic Zone. The CVZ extends over Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina. Volcanic manifestations in the Central Andes include the numerous calderas and associated ignimbrites that form the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex, such as La Pacana and Galán. There are about forty Quaternary volcanoes around Cordón del Azufre, which formed on top of Tertiary volcanic rocks. The region has grown to a high elevation since the Eocene. Basement rocks are Paleozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and the large Pedernales-Arizaro thrust fault runs close to Cordón del Azufre.

Volcanic rocks include andesite and dacite with a porphyritic appearance and hornblende and plagioclase inclusions. The rocks formed through interactions of ascending basaltic andesite with crustal material. The volcano is noted for its sulfur deposits, and the source of sulfur in Salar de Gorbea.

Eruption history
Volcanic rocks at Cordón del Azufre are less than one million years old. Activity has moved over time from the north-south craters to the eastern lava flows and vents and eventually to La Moyra. Lava flows of the eastern component have been dated to be 600,000 years old. No activity, including fumarolic activity, has been recorded at Cordón del Azufre, but the appearance (dark and pristine) and radiometric age (0.3 ± 0.3 mya K-Ar on the most recent flow) of the lava flows suggest a recent age with Holocene activity. Pyroclastic deposits are linked to the youngest cone may date to a historical eruption. Renewed activity would likely consist of lava flows and pyroclastic deposits and, in light of the total lack of important roads and habitation, potential future eruptions are no threat. It is considered the 21st most dangerous volcano out of 38 in Argentina.

Beginning in 1996-1998, an elliptic area of 2000 km2 has been uplifting. The centre of the uplifting area is between the volcanoes Lastarria and Cordón del Azufre, and has been named "Lazufre" after the acronym, but Cerro Bayo Gorbea is sometimes included in it. Lastarria, Cordón del Azufre and Cerro Bayo Gorbea form linear fissures that emanate from the centre of the Lazufre uplift, which is surrounded by a ring of Quaternary volcanoes and may be a developing caldera. The start of the uplift may be related to the occurrence of several tectonic earthquakes in the 1990s, such as the 1995 Antofagasta earthquake. They could have perturbed the magma chambers or opened up fractures. Magma influx has been stable.

This deformation system is among the largest on Earth, comparable with the size of calderas such as Long Valley and Yellowstone. There are several Pleistocene volcanoes around the uplift region, which may be supplied from the sill. Magnetotelluric data show a zone with high electrical conductivity that rises from the mantle into the crust, and may be the magma supply to Lazufre. Research published in 2016 indicated that the uplift has been ongoing since at least 400,000 years, based on the deformation of lava flows and volcanoes erupted within this time period. Depending on the highly uncertain estimates for the volume of the magma chamber, a modest overpressure may be sufficient to cause the roof of the chamber to fail and an eruption to start.

title: Cordón del Azufre


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Lavochkin La-9

The Lavochkin La-9 (NATO reporting name Fritz) was a Soviet fighter aircraft produced shortly after World War II. It was one of the last piston engined fighters to be produced before the widespread adoption of the jet engine.

Development
La-9 represents a further development of the Lavochkin La-126 prototype. The first prototype, designated La-130 was finished in 1946. Similarity to the famous Lavochkin La-7 was only superficial – the new fighter had an all-metal construction and a laminar flow wing. Weight savings due to elimination of wood from the airframe allowed for greatly improved fuel capacity and four-cannon armament. Mock combat demonstrated that the La-130 was evenly matched with the La-7 but was inferior to the Yakovlev Yak-3 in horizontal planes. The new fighter, officially designated La-9, entered production in August 1946. A total of 1,559 aircraft were built by the end of production in 1948.

Variants
Like other aircraft designers at the time, Lavochkin was experimenting with using jet propulsion to augment performance of piston-engined fighters. One such attempt was La-130R with an RD-1Kh3 liquid fuel rocket engine in addition to the Shvetsov ASh-82FN piston powerplant. The project was cancelled in 1946 before the prototype could be assembled. A more unusual approach was La-9RD which was tested in 1947–1948. It was a production La-9 with a reinforced airframe and armament reduced to two cannons, which carried a single RD-13 pulsejet (the engine which powered the V-1 flying bomb, probably taken from surplus Luftwaffe stocks) under each wing. The 70 km/h (45 mph) increase in top speed came at the expense of tremendous noise and vibration. The engines were unreliable and worsened the handling. The project was abandoned although between 3 and 9 La-9RD were reported to perform at airshows, no doubt pleasing the crowds with the noise.

Other notable La-9 variants were:
 * La-9UTI – two-seat trainer version. Built at GAZ-99 in Ulan-Ude. Two versions exist: with 12.7 mm UBS machine gun and with one 23 mm NS-23 cannon (all armament is mounted in the cowling above the engine, firing through the propeller).
 * La-132 (La-132) – prototype with upgraded Shvetsov M-93 engine. Projected top speed 740 km/h (460 mph) at 6,500 m (21,325 ft). Engine proved a failure and the single prototype was equipped with an experimental Shvetsov ASh-82M instead. The aircraft did not proceed to production.
 * La-9M (La-134) – long-range fighter prototype, see Lavochkin La-11
 * La-9RD – one La-9 was fitted with two auxiliary RD-13 pulsejet engines underwing.
 * La-138 – one La-9 was fitted with two underwing PVRD-450 auxiliary ramjet engines.

Operators

 * People's Republic of China
 * People's Liberation Army Air Force Imported 129 La-9 airplanes in 1950. The last 5 La-9 fighters retired in 1959.
 * East Germany
 * Volkspolizei (5 operated from 1952 to 1956 prior to the formation of the Air Forces of the National People's Army)
 * North Korea
 * North Korea Air Force
 * Romania
 * Romanian Air Force (10 delivered in 1950: 5 La-9 and 5 La-9 UTI)
 * Soviet Union
 * Soviet Air Force
 * Soviet Air Defence Forces

China

 * La-9 6201 is on display at Beijing Aeronautical Institute, Beijing, China as 7504
 * La-9 (unidentified S/N) on display at People's Liberation Army Air Force Museum, Datangshan, Chiangping, China as 06
 * La-9UTI (unidentified S/N) on display at People's Liberation Army Air Force Museum, Datangshan, Chiangping, China

North Korea

 * La-9 102 is on display at Glorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum, Pyongyang, North Korea

Romania

 * La-9 66 on display at Central Military Museum, Bucharest, Romania

United States

 * La-9 28 owned by Jerry Yagen's Military Aviation Museum and restored by Pioneer Aero Restorations in New Zealand between 2001 and 2003, airworthy as N415ML

title: Lavochkin La-9


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Nete (river)

The Nete (Nèthe, ) is a river in northern Belgium, right tributary of the Rupel. It flows through the Belgian province of Antwerp. It is formed in Lier, at the confluence of the rivers Grote Nete and Kleine Nete. It flows through Duffel and joins the river Dijle in Rumst to form the river Rupel. It drains nearly 60% of Antwerp province.

Grote Nete
The Grote Nete (Big Nete) river is about 85 km long and has its source near Hechtel in the Belgian province of Limburg. It flows in western direction along the towns Geel, Westerlo and Heist-op-den-Berg before joining the Kleine Nete in Lier. Its main tributaries are the near Geel, the  near Westerlo, and the  near Herenthout.

Kleine Nete
The Kleine Nete (Small Nete) river is about 50 km long and has its source near Retie in the Belgian province of Antwerp. North of the Grote Nete flows in south-western direction along the towns Herentals and Nijlen before joining the Grote Nete in Lier. Tributaries, all coming from the North, include the near Kasterlee, the  near Grobbendonk, and the  near  Nijlen.

History
During the French occupation of the Southern Netherlands (1792–1815) there was a département named after the river Nete, see Deux-Nèthes.

Natural landscapes
On the valley of the Grote Nete lies the Scheps natural landscape, between Olmen and Scheps.

title: Nete (river)


text:
Talk:Lavochkin La-9

Untitled
Data quoted from http://www.aviation.ru/La/#9 by the owner of aviation.ru

Picture
Is that pic from warbirds over wanaka?

Service Dates
Green is cited as a reference, yet Green states the first deliveries of the La-9 were just before the end of the war, which conflicts with this article's statement that the prototype was finished in 1946. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Karlwk (talk • contribs) 04:54, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lavochkin La-9


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Bela-Bela

Bela-Bela (Tswana/Pedi for "the pot that boils") - formerly known as Warmbaths, Afrikaans: Warmbad - is a town in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Deriving its name from the geothermic hot springs around which the town was built.

The town is situated in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province. It lies off the N1 road between Pretoria and Polokwane (Pietersburg). Its hot springs produce 22,000 litres per hour at 52 °C.

The main hot springs holiday resort (previously run by state-owned company Aventura, formerly called Overvaal ) in the town is still branded Warmbaths.

History
When the Tswana tribes first moved into the region in the 1800s, they discovered hot springs in the area.

The Voortrekker Carl Van Heerden established the first Boer farm in what is now Bela-Bela and called it Het Bad. In 1873, President Burgers' Transvaal government bought the land and established a resort called Hartingsburg after the prominent Dutch biologist Pieter Harting. The British occupied the town during the Anglo-Boer War, and renamed the post office Warm Baths in 1903, and proclaimed the boundaries of Warmbaths to be the entire farm of Het Bad.

In 1920 Warmbaths was proclaimed a township (in the legal, not racial sense) and the township was designed by architect John Abraham Moffat in that year. In 1950, it became a magisterial district. In 1932 Warmbaths became a village town and was established as a town council in 1960.

Called Warmbaths in English, the Afrikaans name for the town was Warmbad.

On 14 June 2002 the South African government officially renamed the town Bela-Bela (meaning "boiling boiling").

Education
Bela Bela has proven to be a town of intellectual importance through its academic achievements. The town is home to schools like Albert Luthuli Primary School, Bela Bela High school, Hleketane Primary School, Hoërskool Warmbad, Jinnah Park Primary School, Khabele Primary School, Laerskool Warmbad, Maope Secondary School, Mmamakwa Primary School, Mmampatile Primary School, Raeleng High School, Spa Park Primary, Settlers Agricultural High School and Ulando Secondary School.

Notable people
AB de Villiers

title: Bela-Bela


text:
Lavochkin La-11

The Lavochkin La-11 (NATO reporting name Fang) was an early post-World War II Soviet long-range piston-engined fighter aircraft. The design was essentially that of a Lavochkin La-9 with additional fuel tanks and the deletion of one of the four 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 cannons. Like the La-9, the La-11 was designed to be a low to medium-altitude general-purpose fighter, although the additional fuel tanks were added with the intent of employing the La-11 in the escort fighter role.

In reality, the La-11 would go on to serve almost exclusively as an interceptor, with the majority of its engagements during the Korean War seeing it pitted against bomber and transport aircraft. While an improvement over earlier aircraft, the La-9 and La-11 retained the poor high-altitude performance that was common among many Soviet piston-engined airframes, with the La-11 enjoying only a 20 km/h (12 mph) advantage over the Boeing B-29 Superfortress at the latter’s cruising altitude. This relatively poor high-altitude performance combined with the arrival of the jet engine led swiftly to the La-11s (and La-9s) in most frontline Soviet Air Force (VVS) units being replaced with early Soviet jets such as the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15. While quickly ousted from service with the VVS, the La-9 and 11 would both see service well into the 1950s and 1960s with the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Air Force and the North Korean People’s Army Air and Anti-Air Force, with the last La-11s being retired from the former in 1966.

Development
One of the recommendations from the government testing of Lavochkin La-130 (Lavochkin La-9 prototype) was to further develop it into a long-range escort fighter. The resultant La-134 prototype (also sometimes referred to as La-9M) featured increased fuel and oil capacity. Armament was reduced to three cannons. The prototype flew in May 1947. The second prototype, La-134D had fuel capacity increased by an additional 275 L (73 US gal) with wing and external fuel tanks. The aircraft was fitted with larger tires to accommodate the increased weight and amenities for long flights such as increased padding in the seat, armrests, and a urinal. In addition, a full radio navigation suite was installed. Not surprisingly, combat performance with a full fuel load suffered. However, as the fuel load approached that of La-9, so did the performance. The aircraft was found to be poorly suited for combat above 7,000 m (23,000 ft). The new fighter, designated La-11 (OKB designation La-140 ) entered production in 1947. By the end of production in 1951, a total of 1,182 aircraft were built.

Operational history
The first documented combat use of La-11 took place on April 8, 1950, when four Soviet pilots shot down a United States Navy Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer over the Baltic Sea, with all 10 of the Privateer's crew lost. Later the same year, two La-11 pilots shot down a USN Lockheed P2V Neptune over the Sea of Japan near Vladivostok; one USN crew member was killed. From February 1950, the Soviet 106th Fighter Aviation Division moved to Shanghai to defend it against bombing by the ROCAF. The division included the 351st Fighter Regiment, equipped with the La-11. On March 7, the regiment claimed a North American B-25 Mitchell bomber, shot down near Nanjing. On March 14, 1950, a Martin B-26 Marauder bomber was claimed in Xuzhou. On March 20, 1950, five La-11 pilots encountered a group of North American P-51 Mustangs north-west of Shanghai, although the P-51 pilots immediately retreated. On April 2, 1950, two P-51s were claimed by La-11 pilots over Shanghai. After that, MiG-15s of the Soviet 29th Fighter Regiment took over the air defence role. The ROCAF stopped bombing Shanghai that June and the Soviet units left in October 1950.

By July 1950, La-11s were flying combat air patrol missions over North Korea.

On November 30, 1951, 16 La-11 fighter pilots of the 4th Fighter Aviation Regiment, Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) were escorting 9 Tu-2 PVA bombers to bomb the South Korean island of Taehwa-do (대화도/大和島), in the Pansong archipelago. They were attacked by more than 30 F-86 fighters of the United States Air Force. While PVAF lost 4 bombers, 15 crew, and 3 La-11s to the USAF, this battle also marked the very first propeller fighter victory over jet fighters for the Chinese and Xu Huaitang received a Battle Award, 1st Class for his victory over Taehwa-do Island.

The main target of La-11 pilots during the Korean War was the Douglas A-26 Invader night bomber, although numerous skirmishes with P-51s also took place. Attempts to intercept Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers proved fruitless. An La-11 required 26 minutes to reach the B-29's cruising altitude, and, once there, had a speed advantage of only 20 km/h (12 mph).

On July 23, 1954, a Douglas C-54 Skymaster military transport aircraft, registration VR-HEU, operated by Cathay Pacific Airways on a civilian passenger flight en route from Bangkok to Hong Kong, was shot down by two La-11 fighters of the 85th Fighter Regiment, People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) off the coast of Hainan Island, killing 10 people in an incident that has become known as the 1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown.

Although the four-engined propeller-driven Douglas (registered VR-HEU) was a C-54 Skymaster, the incident is known as "the DC-4 shootdown" because the C-54 is the military version of the Douglas DC-4, and the aircraft was flying a commercial passenger run.

Three days later, near the same location, two La-11s of the same unit were shot down by 2 AD-4 airplanes of the US Navy.

During 1954–55, La-11 fighters of the PLAAF took part in the Battle of Yijiangshan Islands escorting the ships of the People's Liberation Army Navy and Tu-2 bombers.

Operators

 * Soviet Air Force
 * Soviet Anti-Air Defence
 * People's Liberation Army Air Force - Imported 163 La-11 fighters from 1950-1953. The last 18 La-11 airplanes retired in 1966.
 * North Korean Air Force
 * Indonesian Air Force
 * North Korean Air Force
 * Indonesian Air Force
 * Indonesian Air Force
 * Indonesian Air Force

China

 * La-11, on display at Chinese Aviation Museum, Datangshang, China as Red 24
 * La-11, on display at Beijing Air and Space Museum, Beijing, China as Red 09

Indonesia

 * La-11 F-911, on display at Indonesian Air Force Museum, Adisutjipto AB, Yogyakarta

Russia

 * La-11, on display at Nizhny Novgorod Military Museum, Russia

United Kingdom

 * La-11 20, stored pending restoration by The Fighter Collection, Duxford, Cambs

United States

 * La-11 10142/N2276Y, stored pending restoration with Kermit Weeks, Orlampa, Florida

title: Lavochkin La-11


text:
Talk:Lavochkin La-11

Data quoted from http://www.aviation.ru/La/#11 by the owner of aviation.ru

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“Developed From”
So, the “developed from” section of the infobox currently has the La-130 listed, which was the prototype of the La-9.

My understanding is that the prototype of the La-11 was the La-9M, also called the La-134. The La-11 was developed once the La-9 was already extant, so why would it be developed from the La-9’s prototype?

Thoughts? MWFwiki (talk) 11:24, 14 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lavochkin La-11


text:
Domuyo

The Domuyo Volcano is a stratovolcano located in the Argentine province of Neuquén. With a height of 4702 m, it is the highest mountain in Patagonia and is sometimes called the "Roof of Patagonia" ("El Techo de la Patagonia" in Spanish).

The volcano has a large 15 km wide caldera. At least 14 dacite lava domes are found within the caldera, with another five outside. Its slopes western contain many fumaroles, hot springs and geysers.

It names derives from the Mapuche meaning "To tremble and grumble", probably due to the geothermal activity of the volcano.

The volcano is accessible by the National Route 40 from Chos Malal, connecting with provincial route 43, passing by Andacollo.

title: Domuyo


text:
IND Crosstown Line

The IND Crosstown Line or Brooklyn–Queens Crosstown Line is a rapid transit line of the B Division of the New York City Subway in Brooklyn and Queens, New York City, United States. It provides crosstown service between western Brooklyn and northwestern Queens and is the only subway line that does not carry trains to and from Manhattan.

Extent and service
The following service uses part or all of the IND Crosstown Line, whose bullet is colored lime green: The only service to use the Crosstown Line is the. The line north of Court Square has not been in regular use since 2010.

The north end of the Crosstown Line is a flying junction with the IND Queens Boulevard Line and 60th Street Tunnel Connection just south of Queens Plaza. The line then travels south as a two-track line, except for a center relay track south of Court Square. At the turn from Marcy Avenue to Lafayette Avenue, two center tracks appear, merging into one after crossovers to the main tracks. These tracks were to be used for a split to another line in a 1931 expansion plan. This center track continues through Bedford–Nostrand Avenues and then ends with crossovers to the main tracks, but space remains in the center through Classon Avenue for the third track.

At Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets, the Crosstown Line passes through the middle of the four-track IND Fulton Street Line. Cross-platform interchange is available between the lines, but no track connections exist. After Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets, the line turns south and ends as a merge into the local tracks of the IND Culver Line, just south of the split of that line into local and express tracks.

Development and 20th century
Plans for a crosstown subway line were floated as early as 1912. In 1923, a plan for such a line, to be operated by the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT) from the Queensboro Bridge under Jackson Avenue, Manhattan Avenue, Roebling Street, Bedford Avenue, and Hancock Street to Franklin Avenue at the north end of the BMT Franklin Avenue Line, was adopted by the city. However, the following year, Mayor Hylan announced his opposition to it. In addition, residents of central Brooklyn, which was already heavily developed, opposed an elevated line because of noise and aesthetic concerns, but the BRT would not build a subway because an elevated was the cheapest option.

Eventually, the line was moved and incorporated into the city's Independent Subway System (IND). The junction with the IND Queens Boulevard Line in Long Island City was originally supposed to have a second wye, with service from Manhattan via the 53rd Street Tunnel planned to feed into the Crosstown Line. This would have been part of a loop service between the Crosstown and Eighth Avenue Lines. The first contract to build the Crosstown Line, for a section north of Nassau Avenue in Brooklyn, was awarded in 1928. The portion of the line crossing Newtown Creek between Brooklyn and Queens, now known as the Greenpoint Tubes, was built without the use of a tunneling shield or compressed air, contrary to the convention of the time. The tunnel was bored through solid rock, crossing under the East River Tunnels of the Long Island Rail Road and the IRT Flushing Line, then lined with concrete.

On August 19, 1933, the line was opened north of Nassau Avenue, and the GG began operation to Queens Plaza. The entire Crosstown Line was completed and connected to the IND Culver Line on July 1, 1937, whereupon the GG was extended in both directions to Smith–Ninth Streets and Forest Hills–71st Avenue.

In 1946, as part of a $1 billion plan issued by the New York City Board of Transportation, a branch of the IND Crosstown Line was to be built, with the routing via Franklin Avenue and connecting with the BMT Brighton Line. This would have replaced the BMT Franklin Avenue Line.

In 1986, the New York City Transit Authority launched a study to determine whether to close 79 stations on 11 routes, including the entire Crosstown Line, due to low ridership and high repair costs. Numerous figures, including New York City Council member Carol Greitzer, criticized the plans.

Service history
Over the years, the termini for the GG (relabeled G in 1985) varied, including being extended to Jamaica–179th Street or cut back to Queens Plaza. On December 16, 2001, a new weekdays-only train (replaced in 2010 by the ) running local on the Queens Boulevard Line required the truncation of the G to Long Island City–Court Square during weekdays. G service was extended to Forest Hills–71st Avenue at all other times until April 19, 2010, when G service was permanently cut back from the Queens Boulevard Line due to budget cuts and closures for repair work.

Service was also extended to Church Avenue several times, the most recent extension being in 2009. During weekend service disruptions on the service between Jay and Bergen Streets, trains were extended beyond Church Avenue to Coney Island.

21st century
In 2012, flood waters from Hurricane Sandy caused significant damage to the Greenpoint Tubes under the Newtown Creek. Although the G was back in service days after the hurricane, the tube needed permanent repairs. To allow for these repairs, G service was curtailed for twelve weekends between July and December 2013, as well as daily between July 25 and September 2, 2014.

The 2015–2019 MTA Capital Plan called for the Crosstown Line's Classon Avenue and Flushing Avenue stations, along with 31 others, to undergo a complete overhaul as part of the Enhanced Station Initiative. Updates would include cellular service, Wi-Fi, USB charging stations, interactive service advisories and maps, improved signage, and improved station lighting. However, in April 2018, it was announced that cost overruns had forced the MTA to reduce the number of subway stations included in the program from 33 stations to 20. The stations to be renovated along the IND Crosstown Line were among the 13 stations without funding, which will be pushed back to the 2020–2024 Capital Plan.

CBTC installation
The MTA announced in early 2022 that it planned to put the contract to install communications-based train control (CBTC) on the Crosstown Line to Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets station and modify the three interlockings on the line up for bid. The cost of the project is estimated to be $556.4 million. On May 16, 2022, the MTA put out the RFP for the design-build contract to install CBTC on the Crosstown Line. Court Square Interlocking will be modified to interface with CBTC while mechanical interlockings at Nostrand Avenue and Nassau Avenue will be replaced. Relay rooms and towers at Nostrand Avenue and Nassau Avenue will be decommissioned as part of the project. This project will include the use of axle counters instead of track circuits. Work on the project is expected to take four years. In December 2022, the MTA announced that it would award a $368 million design–build contract to Crosstown Partners, a joint venture between Thales Group and TC Electric LLC. The contract includes not only the Crosstown Line between Court Square and Bergen Street, but also the Culver Line between Bergen Street and Church Avenue.

Crosstown Partners formally received the CBTC contract in March 2023. The installation of CBTC required nighttime closures of parts of the line in late 2023 and early 2024. To accommodate the CBTC upgrades, the Crosstown Line was partially closed in three phases during mid-2024, and G service was partially suspended.

Station listing
Every station is served by the train.

title: IND Crosstown Line


text:
Tupolev I-4

The Tupolev I-4 was a Soviet sesquiplane single-seat fighter. It was conceived in 1927 by Pavel Sukhoi as his first aircraft design for the Tupolev design bureau, and was the first Soviet all-metal fighter.

Design and development
After the first prototype (under the development name Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev fighter 5 | ANT-5), the I-4 was redesigned with a new engine cowling to decrease drag, with added rocket launchers on the upper wing and a larger tailfin. The lower wing was predominantly an attachment for the wing struts; it was almost removed in the second series, the I-4Z (where the lower wings were greatly shortened), and totally removed from the I-4bis, thus transforming the aircraft from a sesquiplane into a parasol-wing monoplane.

Operational history
The I-4 was used as a parasite fighter in experiments with the Tupolev TB-1 bomber. The aircraft was in Soviet service from 1928–1933. A total of 369 were built.

Variants

 * ANT-5 : Prototype.
 * I-4 : Single-seat fighter aircraft.
 * I-4Z : Single-seat fighter with span of lower wings greatly reduced.
 * I-4bis : Monoplane version (lower wings totally removed).
 * I-4P : Floatplane version.

Operators

 * Soviet Air Force
 * Soviet Air Force

title: Tupolev I-4


text:
Talk:Tupolev I-4

Untitled
Data quoted from http://www.aviation.ru/Tu/#ANT-5 by the owner of aviation.ru

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Specifications source?
I used the Wayback Machine to archive a dead web. In the web was an article called "I-4", and it had some specifications for the aircraft. However, the specifications shown in the article were different, and there were two variants. One was called "I-4" and the other "I-4 Zveno". Could I edit the "Specifications" section? If you want to take a look, go to this link! RandomGuy3114 (talk), 15:43, 31 December 2023 (UTC).

title: Talk:Tupolev I-4


text:
User talk:Hovea

Welcome!
Hi Hovea, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 12:37, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Merging
I saw your request to merge the two articles The Hummingbirds and Hummingbirds (band), which I did. I also saw that it had been on that list for more than a month, and that you said you simply hadn't done it because you didn't know how. I did my first merges today, but it's actually quite simple.

In the first place, whenever you want to move an article that could be controversial (or, I suppose, when you simply don't want to do it yourself), add a merge-template such as to the articles by adding the code to the top of their pages.

However, like I just pointed out, if you don't do it, both articles can continue to sit there for months without anyone noticing. If you're willing to do it yourself, check out this help page on merging and moving pages. It boils down to the following (you can also see the exact steps I got this from:
 * 1) Cut/paste the entire content from the source page into the destination page (without changing anything in either) and remove the merge-template, on the destination page.
 * 2) Save the destination page, with an edit summary noting "merge content from article name " (This step is very important for licensing reasons, so please don't neglect it or someone else will have to fix everything up.)
 * 3) The source page should no have no content.  Now write " #REDIRECT article name  " on the page, again note the merger in the edit summary, and save the page.
 * 4) Now you can finally fix up the destination page so that there's no repitions and everything looks nice.

That, in short is it. I sincerely hope this helped. It was fun explaining it, in any case. ;) --Leviel 18:10, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Apudoma
Hi,

No offense taken. I left some comments on Talk:Apudoma. Since apudoma is notable, I don't think it should be deleted. Nephron T|C 17:47, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

Useful resource or spam?
You are listed in WikiProject Pathology as having an interest in pathology of the eye. I have come across a user, who is adding links to many eye-related articles. I don't have the background to know if this is a useful resource or simply promoting the linked university. Would you mind taking a look at the linked resource (it will be clear from the user's contributions) and perhaps giving the user some guidance? If it is useful, perhaps a template (like Template:Imdb title) would be better than the links being added now? Thanks. Delicious carbuncle (talk) 15:29, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Pathology conversion to WPMED taskforce
Hi Hovea,

You may be aware that moves are afoot to subsume the pathology project under WPMED as a taskforce. Please see the message at the discussion page, and at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Medicine/Task forces. I support the idea, and as yet I'm the only participant who's voiced any opinion. Would you please add yours?

Cheers, Mattopaedia (talk) 00:42, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

A new medical resource
Please note that there is a new freely accessible medical resource, MedMerits (to which I'm a medical advisor) on neurologic disorders. A discussion on ELs to MedMerits and medical ELs in general is currently in progress ("Wikipedia and its relationship to the outside world"). Presto54 (talk) 18:26, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for October 5
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Ytterby IS, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Division 2 (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 14:07, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

Wiki Medicine
Hi I'm contacting you because, as a participant at Wikiproject Medicine, you may be interested in a new multinational non-profit organization we're forming at m:Wikimedia Medicine. Even if you don't want to be actively involved, any ideas you may have about our structure and aims would be very welcome on the project's talk page. Our purpose is to help improve the range and quality of free online medical content, and we'll be working with like-minded organizations, such as the World Health Organization, professional and scholarly societies, medical schools, governments and NGOs - including Translators Without Borders. Hope to see you there! --Anthonyhcole (talk) 08:10, 1 November 2012 (UTC)

The Wikipedia Library now offering accounts from Cochrane Collaboration (sign up!)
The Wikipedia Library gets Wikipedia editors free access to reliable sources that are behind paywalls. Because you are signed on as a medical editor, I thought you'd want to know about our most recent donation from Cochrane Collaboration. Cheers, Ocaasit | c 20:18, 16 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Cochrane Collaboration is an independent medical nonprofit organization that conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library.
 * Cochrane has generously agreed to give free, full-access accounts to 100 medical editors. Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account.
 * If you are still active as a medical editor, come and sign up :)

WikiProject Anatomy quarterly newsletter
Delivered on behalf of WikiProject Anatomy by User:Mdann52, using MediaWiki message delivery (talk) at 07:35, 31 March 2014 (UTC)

The Pulse (WP:MED newsletter) June 2014
The first edition of The Pulse has been released. The Pulse will be a regular newsletter documenting the goings-on at WPMED, including ongoing collaborations, discussions, articles, and each edition will have a special focus. That newsletter is here.

The newsletter has been sent to the talk pages of WP:MED members bearing the User WPMed template. To opt-out, please leave a message here or simply remove your name from the mailing list. Because this is the first issue, we are still finding out feet. Things like the layout and content may change in subsequent editions. Please let us know what you think, and if you have any ideas for the future, by leaving a message here.

Posted by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 03:24, 5 June 2014 (UTC) on behalf of WikiProject Medicine.

BMJ offering 25 free accounts to Wikipedia medical editors
Neat news: BMJ is offering 25 free, full-access accounts to their prestigious medical journal through The Wikipedia Library and Wiki Project Med Foundation (like we did with Cochrane). Please sign up this week: BMJ --Cheers, Ocaasi via MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 01:14, 10 June 2014 (UTC)

Medical Translation Newsletter
 Wikiproject Medicine; Translation Taskforce

Medical Translation Newsletter

Issue 1, June/July 2014 by CFCF, Doc James

sign up for monthly delivery

This is the first of a series of newsletters for Wikiproject Medicine's Translation Task Force. Our goal is to make all the medical knowledge on Wikipedia available to the world, in the language of your choice. note: you will not receive future editions of this newsletter unless you *sign up*; you received this version because you identify as a member of WikiProject Medicine

Spotlight - Simplified article translation

Wikiproject Medicine started translating simplified articles in February 2014. We now have 45 simplified articles ready for translation, of which the first on African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness has been translated into 46 out of ~100 languages. This list does not include the 33 additional articles that are available in both full and simple versions.

Our goal is to eventually translate 1,000 simplified articles. This includes:
 * WHO's list of Essential Medicines
 * Neglected tropical diseases
 * Key diseases for medical subspecialties like: oncology, emergency medicine (list), anatomy, internal medicine, surgery, etc.

We are looking for subject area leads to both create articles and recruit further editors. We need people with basic medical knowledge who are willing to help out. This includes to write, translate and especially integrate medical articles.

What's happening?

I've () taken on the role of community organizer for this project, and will be working with this until December. The goals and timeline can be found here, and are focused on getting the project on a firm footing and to enable me to work near full-time over the summer, and part-time during the rest of the year. This means I will be available for questions and ideas, and you can best reach me by mail or on my talk page.
 * IEG grant

For those going to London in a month's time (or those already nearby) there will be at least one event for all medical editors, on Thursday August 7th. See the event page, which also summarizes medicine-related presentations in the main conference. Please pass the word on to your local medical editors.
 * Wikimania 2014

There has previously been some resistance against translation into certain languages with strong Wikipedia presence, such as Dutch, Polish, and Swedish. What was found is that thre is hardly any negative opinion about the the project itself; and any such critique has focused on the ways that articles have being integrated. For an article to be usefully translated into a target-Wiki it needs to be properly Wiki-linked, carry proper citations and use the formatting of the chosen target language as well as being properly proof-read. Certain large Wikis such as the Polish and Dutch Wikis have strong traditions of medical content, with their own editorial system, own templates and different ideas about what constitutes a good medical article. For example, there are not MEDRS (Polish,German,Romanian,Persian) guidelines present on other Wikis, and some Wikis have a stronger background of country-specific content.
 * Integration progress

 * Swedish Translation into Swedish has been difficult in part because of the amount of free, high quality sources out there already: patient info, for professionals. The same can be said for English, but has really given us all the more reason to try and create an unbiased and free encyclopedia of medical content. We want Wikipedia to act as an alternative to commercial sources, and preferably a really good one at that. Through extensive collaborative work and by respecting links and Sweden specific content the last unintegrated Swedish translation went live in May.
 * Dutch Dutch translation carries with it special difficulties, in part due to the premises in which the Dutch Wikipedia is built upon. There is great respect for what previous editors have created, and deleting or replacing old content can be frowned upon. In spite of this there are success stories: Anafylaxie.
 * Polish Translation and integration into Polish also comes with its own unique set of challenges. The Polish Wikipedia has long been independent and works very hard to create high quality contentfor Polish audience. Previous translation trouble has lead to use of unique templates with unique formatting, not least among citations. Add to this that the Polish Wikipedia does not allow template redirects and a large body of work is required for each article. (This is somewhat alleviated by a commissioned Template bot - to be released). - List of articles for integration
 * Arabic The Arabic Wikipedia community has been informed of the efforts to integrate content through both the general talk-page as well as through one of the major Arabic Wikipedia facebook-groups: مجتمع ويكيبيديا العربي, something that has been heralded with great enthusiasm.

Integration is the next step after any translation. Despite this it is by no means trivial, and it comes with its own hardships and challenges. Previously each new integrator has needed to dive into the fray with little help from previous integrations. Therefore we are creating guides for specific Wikis that make integration simple and straightforward, with guides for specific languages, and for integrating on small Wikis.
 * Integration guides

Instructions on how to integrate an article may be found here

News in short

 * To come
 * Medical editor census - Medical editors on different Wikis have been without proper means of communication. A preliminary list of projects is available here.
 * Proofreading drives

 * Further reading
 * Translators Without Borders
 * Healthcare information for all by 2015, a global campaign

WikiProject Anatomy Newsletter #4
Delivered by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 17:25, 29 June 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

WikiProject Anatomy newsletter #5
Message delivered on behalf of WikiProject Anatomy by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:21, 13 November 2016 (UTC)

Women in Red World Contest
Hi. We're into the last five days of the Women in Red World Contest. There's a new bonus prize of $200 worth of books of your choice to win for creating the most new women biographies between 0:00 on the 26th and 23:59 on 30th November. If you've been contributing to the contest, thank you for your support, we've produced over 2000 articles. If you haven't contributed yet, we would appreciate you taking the time to add entries to our articles achievements list by the end of the month. Thank you, and if participating, good luck with the finale!

title: User talk:Hovea


text:
User talk:Pbettend

Welcome!
Hi Pbettend, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 12:38, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pbettend


text:
Talk:Dingle Peninsula

Untitled
Whoever was so unaware of the simplest principles of capitalization, and yet so confident, as to move Dingle Peninsula to Dingle peninsula should sue their local Board of Education for incompetence and Breach of contract. --Wetman 12:38, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, it was mainly to match the other Irish peninsula articles. On reflection, they should probably all be moved to the capitalised versions. I'll do so shortly. It can get confusing sometimes, particularly with having to edit in US English frequently. zoney ♣ talk 12:51, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I moved it back.  ℬ astique ▼ talk 03:45, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Panormaic Photo
The panoramic photograph is spectacular, but I would love to know where it was taken. The peninsula is pretty big, and I can't find a place on a map that remotely resembles the coastline in the photograph. Does anybody know? -- MiguelMunoz 00:04, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

The photo was taken from the opposite side of the road to Mionnán na Gráige, where there is a sharp bend, at the point where the road heads south towards Dún Chaoin. On the left can be seen Ceann Sibéal, na Triúr Deirféaracha, Baile na nGall etc. on the right, the Blaskets. An Muimhneach Machnamhach 12:00, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Most westerly part of Europe
I have removed the reference to Corca Dhuibhne being the most westerly piece of land in Europe as more than half of the landmass of Iceland is further west than anywhere in Ireland. I have also substituted "nationally notable authors" for "regionally notable authors" as Peig Sayers, Tomás Ó Criomhthain, Pádraig Ó Maoileoin etc. are well known nationally and indeed Tomás Ó Criomhthain's "An tOileánach" has been translated in many languages. An Muimhneach Machnamhach 11:57, 2 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Perhaps whoever added that was thinking of "Europe" in the sense of the European Union. Still wrong, though, since the most westerly piece of land in the EU is probably the westernmost point of French Polynesia (it's in the EU, isn't it?). —Angr 19:41, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * This issue has re-emerged. I accept that Europe is ill defined (geographically, politically and culturally). Dingle is certainly not the most westerly point in continental Europe because it is not continental. It is further west than mainland Portugal. If we include islands, why not uninhabited islands like Great Blasket just west of Dingle? It is arguable, but the Portuguese Azores may be considered mid-Atlantic Islands, neither part of Europe nor America. I suggest that Iceland, much of which is further west than Dingle, is part of Europe and the BBC and CIA agree. However, Greenland is in North America. It would be good to reach consensus here. --Wavehunter (talk) 08:56, 13 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Hi, I am talking of Slea Head as geographically belonging to Europe as a continent and habited. Iceland belongs geographically not to Europe, as well as the Azores. That is my point of view. The most westerly point of geographical Europe, if you take out islands (Iceland, Madeira, Azores etc) then it is clearly Slea Head, better to say its Dunmore Head, a few meters more, exactly at N 52° 06' 36 W 10° 28' 46,56 and there are people. No other point is further west. FraLiss (talk) 09:38, 13 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Talking about Iceland, this piece of land belongs geographically to Greenland and therefore to North America, isn'it? FraLiss (talk) 09:53, 13 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks FraLiss. Of course, Ireland is itself an island. Do you have a reference for either of the two Heads being the most westerly point in Europe? (See wp:verifiability.) I provided references stating that Iceland is part of Europe (and I could provide others saying that Greenland is not). Elsewhere on Wikipedia, extreme points of Europe lists the Azores as being furthest west, with Iceland being mentioned on the map (see also Bjargtangar). Striving for accuracy and consistency, as well as verifiability. --Wavehunter (talk) 10:04, 13 May 2014 (UTC)
 * As a reference I just have this. Dont know if it is a good one. FraLiss (talk) 10:08, 13 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Not really a good one as it is just the opinion of the photographer. (It's also in French, and English Wikipedia prefers English references where possible.) --Wavehunter (talk) 10:23, 13 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Then take this. FraLiss (talk) 10:40, 13 May 2014 (UTC)
 * That's a good citation, for sure, although I note the book is rather old (1887!) and it qualifies "what may be called the mainland of Europe". I'm going to be bold and make an edit that I hope you'll agree is a good compromise. The alternative would be inviting others to comment. Best wishes, --Wavehunter (talk) 13:48, 13 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I think you will do it right. Thanks. FraLiss (talk) 16:25, 13 May 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Dingle Peninsula


text:
User talk:Adhalanay

Welcome!
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Chavez Tachira.jpg
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You should not revert other people's edits...
...before checking the SUMMARY!!!! Please, read this essay when you get a moment. Anyway, I removed the template from that page, and the wlink to Marx in the template, which was exactly what you had to do. –p joe f (talk • contribs) 15:02, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

WikiProject Romania
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Adhalanay


text:
User talk:Eddie Bernard

Welcome!
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title: User talk:Eddie Bernard


text:
User talk:Pauldanon

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File copyright problem with File:Train.jpg
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title: User talk:Pauldanon


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User talk:Hamakei

Welcome!
Hi Pacifist, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

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Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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Your account will be renamed
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Renamed
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License tagging for File:Erasure-MoscowToMars.jpg
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October 2016
Hello. Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia.

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title: User talk:Hamakei


text:
Tupolev I-12

The Tupolev I-12 (also known as the ANT-23) was a prototype Soviet fighter aircraft that never reached production. The I-12 was of unconventional design with twin booms made of water pipes containing recoilless rifles and two engines in a push-pull configuration. The aircraft first flew in 1931 but did not enter production due to disappointing performance and operational difficulties such as the inability for the pilot to escape the aircraft without hitting the propeller arc behind him. The second prototype from Tupolev (designated ANT-23bis) was never completed.

title: Tupolev I-12


text:
Talk:Tupolev I-12

Untitled
Data quoted from http://www.aviation.ru/Tu/#ANT-23 by the owner of aviation.ru

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title: Talk:Tupolev I-12


text:
Thomas François Burgers

Thomas François Burgers (15 April 1834 – 9 December 1881) was a South African politician and minister who served as the 4th president of the South African Republic from 1872 to 1877. He was the youngest child of Barend and Elizabeth Burger of the farm Langefontein in the Camdeboo district of Graaff Reinet, Cape Colony.

Biography
After studying theology at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands, Burgers became the parson of Hanover, South Africa, in 1859. A charmingly eloquent, but fiercely individualistic man, he had been influenced by Professor C. W. Opzoomer in the Netherlands and embraced his rationalist, liberal ideas.

Burgers quickly became involved in a stormy controversy with the Dutch Reformed synod over his alleged liberalism and disbelief in the literal truth of the Bible. He was critical of traditional culture and strongly emphasised knowledge and rationalism. In 1862, his unorthodox doctrine brought on him an accusation of heresy, and in 1864, he was found guilty by the Synod and suspended. The Supreme Court overturned the decision, and in 1865, he was readmitted to the ministry. Some of his liberal theological ideas and his diverting viewpoints can be found in the sketches he wrote about daily life in Hanover.

The burghers of the South African Republic urged Burgers to stand for the presidency, and he was elected by the considerable majority of 2,964 to William Robinson’s 388 in 1872.

The South African Republic's first coins, the Burgerspond, were introduced by Burgers in 1874, responding to a demand for coinage from the populace dating back to 1853. Burgers sent a portrait of himself to his UK consul-general, who commissioned the coins to be struck at Heaton's Mint in Birmingham, England. Some people in the South African Republic objected to the issue of the Burgerspond, because the portrayal of the president on coins likened him to a dictator.

The 1905 New International Encyclopedia described Burgers's policies as president as "characterized by brilliant but impracticable schemes, aiming chiefly at territorial expansion." One of his plans, inspired by the neighbouring Cape Prime Minister John Molteno's massive railway programme, was to build a railway linking the Transvaal to the sea. In 1875 he traveled to Europe to raise funds, but his plans were thwarted by the Pedi chief Sekhukhune, whose lands lay in the path of the proposed railway.

By 1877, Burgers was very unpopular and his government was insolvent. Britain, keen on expanding their empire, stepped in and annexed the Transvaal. Burgers retired from political life, settled in the Cape Colony again, and died in 1881, and leaving his family destitute. Coming to the family's aid, Burgers's former private secretary, Th.M. Tromp, published the sketches Burgers had written about his experiences as minister in Hanover. The proceeds of the book, in Dutch and published in the Netherlands, were used to alleviate his family's financial problems. He was a South African Freemason. He ended his days disheartened and in poverty. His body was disinterred in 1895, to be reburied in the Pretoria cemetery now known as the Heroes' Acre.

Literature

 * Gon, Dr. Philip. “The Last Frontier War.” Military History Journal 5, no. 6. Military History Journal. The South African History Society. (December 1982).
 * Grobler, Jackie. “State formation and strife, 1850-1900”  In A History of South Africa: From the Distant Past to the Present Day, edited by Fransjohan Pretorius, Pretoria: Protea Book House, 2014.
 * Kinsey, H.W., "The Sekukuni Wars." Military History Journal 2, no. 5. The South African Military History Society. (June 1973). http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol025hk.html
 * Kinsey, H.W., "The Sekukuni Wars." Military History Journal 2, no. 5. The South African Military History Society. (June 1973). http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol025hk.html

title: Thomas François Burgers


text:
Nike-Iroquois

Nike Iroquois is the designation of a two-stage American sounding rocket. The Nike Iroquois was launched 213 times between 1964 and 1978. The maximum flight height of the Nike Iroquois amounts to 290 km (950,000 ft), the takeoff thrust 48,800 lbf (217 kN), the takeoff weight 700 kg and the length 8.00 m.

title: Nike-Iroquois


text:
User:FBarber/sandbox

I am a Software Engineer with a BSc (Hons) in Computer Science and Linguistics. One of my particular areas of interest is part-of-speech tagging.

I enjoy playing and watching many sports including cricket, soccer, and squash.

title: User:FBarber/sandbox