text:
Tōkai Television Broadcasting

Tokai Television Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (THK, 東海テレビ放送株式会社, often called Tokai TV (東海テレビ)) is a Japanese television station affiliated with Fuji News Network (FNN) and Fuji Network System (FNS), based in Aichi Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, and Mie Prefecture. It is also known as Tokai Hoso Kaikan.

Offices

 * Headquarters - 14-27, Higashi-Sakura Itchome, Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
 * Tokyo Branch Office - Hibiya Chunichi Building, 1-4, Uchisaiwaicho Nichome, Chiyoda, Tokyo
 * Osaka Branch Office - Breeze Tower, 4-9, Umeda Nichome, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture

1957-1964: founding and early broadcasts
In 1957, around the application for the third television broadcasting licence in the Tokai region seven companies, namely Tokai Broadcasting, Tokai TV, Tokai Radio, Kinki Tokai Broadcasting, Nippon Color TV, Nagoya Broadcasting and Nippon Television launched their bids. Then, the four companies of Tokai Broadcasting, Tokai TV, Tokai Radio, and Kinki Tokai Broadcasting merged into "New Tokai Television" and obtained a TV broadcasting license on October 22, 1957.

The channel number for broadcasting was anticipated to be channel 1 in the Tokai region, although there were voices in the postal office who believed that channel 1 should be used by CBC as it was the first to broadcast. CBC was willing to continue to use channel 5, as its frequency was widely known, and its number was located in the center of the TV channel switching dial at that time, thus, Tokai TV was going to use channel 1.

On December 1 of the same year, New Tokai TV set up an office in the North Hall of the New Nagoya Building, and began preparations for broadcasting. On January 20 of the following year, New Tokai Television established its headquarters in Higashishincho, Higashi-ku, Nagoya City, and on February 17 changed its name to Tokai Television, referred to as THK.

On December 18, 1958, Tokai TV began airing test signals, and began trial broadcasting on the 21st of the same month. At 11:15 on December 25, Tokai TV officially started broadcasting, becoming the 17th private TV station in Japan. At the beginning of the broadcast, Tokai TV and Kansai TV established a network relationship. In 1959, with the launch of Fuji TV, Tokai TV joined the network with Fuji TV as the flagship station, but also broadcast some programs from both Nippon TV and NET TV. In 1961, Tokai TV abolished the off-air period in the afternoon and started broadcasting uninterruptedly from morning to evening. With the launch of Nagoya TV in 1962, Tokai TV stopped broadcasting programs from Nippon TV and NET TV, and became a member of the Fuji TV network. In 1964, Tokai TV broadcast a color program for the first time (the British series Stingray), which was being networked by Fuji TV). Four years later, Tokai TV's self-produced programs were now produced in color. The first self-produced color program was Kazuo Hasegawa's Masterpiece Series.

1965-1987: growth and success
In 1965, Tokai TV launched its current logo. The logo is designed with the concept of "gazing at the modern eye". In 1968, in order to adapt to the arrival of the color TV era, Tokai Television changed the color of the central circular part of the logo from black to blue. On May 18 of the same year, Masahiko Harada's match against Ed Geoffrey, broadcast by Tokai TV, set a record rating of 68%, making the boxing broadcast a signature program of the Fuji TV series. In 1967, as part of the local contribution business, Tokai Television donated a fountain to the Nagoya City Government, which was set up in Sakae Park. Tokai TV has produced many commemorative special programs on the occasion of its 10th anniversary, among which the TV series Hida Koshito was affirmed by the Meiji Centennial Art Festival. This period was also the first viewing peak of Tokai TV. In 1967 and 1968, Tokai TV won the triple crown of ratings for two consecutive years. In 1970, Tokai TV became the first company in the Japanese TV industry to have a two-day weekend. In 1977, Tokai TV's pre-tax profit exceeded 10 billion yen for the first time.

In 1982, Tokai TV won the Triple Crown in ratings for the first time in 14 years, due to the increase in the ratings of Fuji TV and the increase in the ratings of the baseball broadcast by the professional baseball team Chunichi Dragons. This year, Tokai TV's average ratings throughout the day reached 9.3%, 18.5% during prime time, and 17.7% during evening time. From the third week of May 1984 to the fourth week of September 4, 1987, Tokai TV ranked first in the average ratings of the whole day for 176 consecutive weeks. Tokai TV's ratings triple crown lasted for 16 years from 1982 to 1997. In 1987, Tokai TV's pre-tax profit exceeded 20 billion yen for the first time. In this year, Tokai TV aired the 30th anniversary documentary Big White Night Journey to the Extreme North of the Soviet Union, and it was broadcast throughout Japan. In April 1988, Tokai TV started 24-hour broadcasting on weekends.

1989-1999
On January 27, 1989, Tokai TV's 30th anniversary commemorative TV series Nagoya Bride Story aroused heated discussions across Japan, and was successfully serialized and broadcast until 1998. Its third work in 1991 achieved a high audience rating of 29.7% in Nagoya, and won the Excellent Award of the Democratic Federation of Freedom of the Year. In 1991, Tokai TV produced high-definition TV programs for the first time. In 1996, in order to publicize the awareness of the program, Tokai TV purchased all the advertising space in some carriages of Nagoya Municipal Subway's Higashiyama Line and Meijo Line, and named it "Tokai TV Station", which became the first attempt of various TV stations in Nagoya. Since 1987, Tokai TV has continued to hold the Tokai TV Festival (东海テレビまつり) activities. On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the broadcast in 1998, the Tokai TV Festival was held for two days on November 21 and 22, attracting more than 34,000 people to participate. Tokai TV also established the Tokyo Production Department in 1999 to strengthen its program production capabilities in Tokyo.

2000-2010
Thanks to the emergence of famous figure skaters in Nagoya, Tokai TV has held many figure skating events since 2000, contributing to the popularization of figure skating in Japan. On December 1, 2003, on the occasion of the 45th anniversary of broadcasting and the move into the new headquarters, Tokai TV began to broadcast digital TV signals. On November 1 of this year, Tokai TV broadcast a 7-hour and 30-minute special program with the theme of "Challenge" to commemorate the 45th anniversary of the broadcast. In 2004, Tokai TV once again won the triple crown in ratings after 7 years. During the 2005 Aichi World Expo, Tokai TV produced many special programs, and jointly set up an exhibition hall (Yumemiruyama/梦みる山) with Chunichi Shimbun, Central Nippon Broadcasting, and other companies to showcase the latest imaging technology. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of broadcasting in 2008, Tokai TV held the Tokai TV Thanksgiving Festival from November 1 to 3. The Nagoya TV Tower in Hisaya Odori Park to the light Part of the square was used as the venue, attracting as many as 370,000 people to attend.

2011-present: end of analog broadcasting
On July 24, 2011, Tokai TV Station stopped broadcasting analog TV signals and completely entered the era of digital TV. However, the "Mr. Cesium" incident (described later) occurred at the station the following month, which seriously damaged its credibility. At the same time, due to the sluggish ratings of flagship station Fuji TV, Tokai TV also fell into a low ratings in the 2010s. In 2018, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of its launch, Tokai TV produced a special program Goodbye, TV, exposing the difficulties faced by the news department of Tokai TV, which aroused huge repercussions from the TV industry. This documentary was later adapted into a movie. In 2020, Tokai TV and three other private TV stations in Nagoya (CBC TV, Chukyo TV and TV Aichi) jointly created the on-demand video service Locipo, trying to open up the Internet field.

Mascots
Since 1997, the eve of the 40th anniversary of broadcasting, Tokai TV has launched a new mascot every 10 years. In 1997, the mascot "ヤッパくん" launched by Tokai TV Station was set as an alien who liked to watch the programs of Tokai TV station. In 2008, the 50th anniversary of broadcasting, Tokai TV launched a new mascot "わんだほ". The appearance of this mascot is based on clouds. The prototype is the shape of the channel number "1" of Tokai TV Station, but it can be deformed into other shapes. In 2018, the new mascot launched by Tokai TV on the occasion of its 60th anniversary is Icchy (イッチー). The mascot is set to be a little fairy from the local flower fields in Tokai, which looks like a yellow bear.

Analog
Analog TV was discontinued on July 24, 2011.

JOFX-TV
 * Nagoya TV Tower - Channel 1
 * Toyohashi - Channel 56
 * Nakatsugawa and Gujo-Hachiman - Channel 10
 * Gero - Channel 6
 * Owase and Takayama - Channel 8
 * Tajimi - Channel 55
 * Gifu-Nagara and Ise - Channel 57
 * Nabari - Channel 62, etc.

Digital
Digital TV began on December 1, 2003.

JOFX-DTV
 * Remote controller ID 1
 * Nagoya (Seto Digital Tower), Nabari, Toba, Isobe(present-day Shima), Kumano, and Iga - Channel 21
 * Toyohashi, Nagara, Chuno, Seki, Nakatsugawa, Ise and many others - Channel 15

News
Tokai TV's first news program hosted by a host was News Corner (ニュースコーナー) which started broadcasting in 1961. In 1963, Tokai TV held the first court live broadcast in Japanese TV history. In 1965, Tokai TV Station began to broadcast a 30-minute large-scale news program Chunichi TV News Sunday Evening Edition on Sunday. In order to strengthen the news reporting system, the news departments of Tokai TV and Tokai Radio were integrated in 1967. When the Hidagawa bus crashed in 1968, Tokai TV broadcast the accident report at 7:45 in the morning, and was commended by FNN. In the early 1970s, Tokai TV produced a series of news special programs about Yokkaichi asthma, which won the Galaxy Award and other awards. During the hijacking of Japan Airlines Flight 124 in 1974, Tokai TV broadcast a special program that lasted more than seven hours, significantly ahead of other private TV stations. Beginning in 1978, Tokai TV broadcast a large-scale strip news program Evening News 630 from Monday to Friday evening, making the weekday news programs also large-scale. In the following year, Tokai TV Station opened a dedicated news studio to strengthen the ability to produce news programs. When Emperor Showa passed away in 1989, Tokai TV aired a special program that lasted 42 hours and 2 minutes. When China Airlines Flight 140 crashed in 1994, Tokai TV was able to get the news quickly because it had a live weather video recorder at Nagoya Airport. It broadcast the flash report at 20:26 ahead of other stations, and started broadcasting at 20:39. The station produced a special program and devoted as many as 347 employees to report the accident.

In 1991, Tokai TV opened its first overseas branch, the FNN Vienna branch, broadcasting news from all over Europe centered on Eastern Europe. In 1997, the station closed the Vienna branch and opened the FNN Jakarta branch to strengthen news reports in Southeast Asia. In 2003, Tokai TV opened the FNN Beijing branch.

TV series
The first TV series produced by Tokai TV was the satirical comedy Ganbare Your Excellency. In 1960, Tokai TV Station began to broadcast the theater of Famous Water Yaozuo, and it was successfully sold to Mainichi Broadcasting. In May 1964, Tokai TV broadcast the first work of its most famous TV series Noon Series, Snow Burning, which successfully opened up the noon ratings. The fifth work of the noon series The Worry of This World set a record with an average audience rating of 20% in Nagoya area; the average audience rating of the tenth work The Sun of Love even exceeded 30%. In order to facilitate the appearance of heavyweight actors, the midday series was re-produced in Tokyo in 1969, five years after it was broadcast. Beginning in April 1976, the length of the midday series was extended from 15 minutes to 30 minutes. The noon series No Ambition, which began broadcasting in October of this year, had an average audience rating of 15.3% in Nagoya. Due to its wide acclaim, it was repeatedly extended, and finally aired as many as 210 episodes. In 1986, the midday series The Arashi of Love was serialized due to its great success, and then the sister works Hana no Arashi and Natsu no Arashi were broadcast, and a remake was carried out in 2002. Koharu in 1996 took the hot spring hotel in Ishikawa Prefecture as the stage, and it was a popular series that produced as many as six parts. In 2002, Tokai TV adapted Kikuchi Kan's famous novel Mrs. Pearl into a midday series, which caused a social phenomenon. The term "Mrs. Pearl" was selected as the top 10 in the New Words and Buzzwords Awards of the year. Peony and Rose in 2004 is considered to be the pinnacle work of the love-hate route of the noon series. From 2015 to 2016, Peony and Rose also made a remake. However, due to changes in the audience's living habits, Tokai TV's noon series aired the last work Lam's Tears~We Have Tomorrow~ in March 2016. At the same time that the noon series ended, Tokai TV set up six new adult dramas on Saturday night, and continued to provide series for the Fuji TV network. Compared with the mid-day dramas that mainly focus on love-hate dramas, the six dramas of adults are late-night dramas, with more diverse themes.

Music Calendar (ミュージックカレンダー), which began broadcasting in 1967, is a long-lived program that has been broadcast for 10 years. It has also been successfully broadcast on other members of the network such as Fuji TV. This program is also Tokai TV's first self-made color program. After the establishment of the Tokyo production department of Tokai TV, the production capacity of variety shows has been significantly improved. The production of Age Difference Showdown! (年の差バトル! 言い分 vs Eぶん!!) has achieved more than 10% ratings.  Sun's House, which began broadcasting in 2003, is hosted by Tomomitsu Yamaguchi. It is a long-lived program, having been broadcast for more than 17 years with at least 800 episodes.

Informational programs and documentaries
In 1961, Tokai TV produced the housewife's information program Hello, Madam (Ou-様こんにちは) for the first time, which was broadcast from Monday to Friday. The name of the program Housewife Information Your Two Points (奥様信息あなたの2时です), which began broadcasting in 1971, came from audience solicitation. It introduced various practical information for housewives and established the foundation of Tokai TV's local information programs. Today Tokai, which began broadcasting in 1974, is a housewife-oriented program that incorporates news color, and it is broadcast every Monday to Friday evening. In 1998, Tokai TV produced the first private TV station to broadcast 6 editions a week of live strip local information program P-can TV. In 2006, Tokai TV began broadcasting the information program Style Plus on Sundays, making Tokai TV broadcast local information programs every day. Now Tokai TV broadcasts the strip information program Switch in the morning period from Monday to Friday, and Mr. Taichi! hosted by Kokubun Taichi at noon on Sunday.

Hometown Journey, which began broadcasting in 1963, visited the stages of literary works all over Japan. It has been broadcast for 44 years and has a total of 2,279 episodes. The program was not only sold and broadcast overseas, but also obtained materials from China in 1982. In 1975, Tokai TV's documentary Showa 49 Spring Osawa Village won the Art Festival Grand Prize, and was the first work of Tokai TV to do so. In 1982, Tokai TV became the first western TV station to be allowed to cover the Baikal-Amur railway. In 1985, Tokai TV took 9 years to produce. The documentary The Disappearing Village (消える村) recording the changes in the lives of residents in the submerged area of Tokuyama Reservoir was affirmed by the 25th Anniversary Special Award of the Galaxy Awards. In 1990, the documentary film tracking a 10,000-yen banknote (SY660000H) produced by Tokai TV won the Excellence Award in the TV Entertainment Department of the People's Liberation Association. The documentary Papa is Edison (とうちゃんはエジソン) produced by Tokai TV in 2003 with the theme of inventor Kato Yuanzhong, won the Galaxy Award and the FNS Documentary Award this year. It was the first time that Tokai TV won the Galaxy Award Grand Prize.

List

 * News
 * News One (evening news)
 * FNN Tokai Telenews

 * Dramas aired from 1 : 30 p.m. until 2 p.m. on weekdays
 * Sports
 * Professional Baseball Live 2024 (day game / night game) (プロ野球中継2024/プロ野球ナイター中継2024, baseball games of the Chunichi Dragons)
 * Keiba beat (競馬beat, horse racing live)
 * Nagoya Marathon
 * Tokai Classic (golf tournaments)

 * Discontinued
 * P-Can TV (ended in 2011 due to the Mr. Cesium incident)

Mr. Cesium incident
On August 4, 2011, when the "Happy Shopping" segment in Tokai TV's program ''Bessatsu! P-Can TV'' (Bessatsu! ぴーかんテレビ) was broadcasting, the TV shopping content of Inaniwa udon noodles from Akita Prefecture. Suddenly, the announcement screen of the winner of the Love Rice at First Sight Produced in Iwate Prefecture appeared, having nothing to do with the content, and the winner's name was written as "Mr.たお米セシウムさん)", and this screen lasted 23 seconds. After returning to the presenter appearing in the studio, the host of Bessatsu! P-Can TV and Tokai TV host Tomoyuki Fukushima quickly apologized. Afterwards, according to the investigation results of the channel, the cause of the accident was that the subtitle producers of the program accidentally broadcast the subtitle screen for practice. Because this incident happened about five months after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident (cesium is a radioactive pollutant), it caused a public outcry.

After the incident, Tokai TV received a large number of calls and emails from viewers to protest. Iwate Governor Tatsumoto also protested against Tokai TV on behalf of the Iwate government. The Japan Commercial Broadcasters Union issued a written serious warning to Tokai TV for this incident. After the incident, Tokai TV stopped broadcasting the program. The then president Shuo Asano also publicly apologized on the TV program and the Iwate Prefectural Government. Tokai TV also set up a countermeasure headquarters to comprehensively verify the cause of the accident and prevent similar incidents from happening again. On August 30, Tokai TV broadcast a one-hour inspection program, introducing the cause and process of the accident, and apologized to the audience and agricultural workers in Iwate Prefecture. After the incident, Tokai Television also established a regeneration committee to rebuild broadcasting ethics and launch activities to support the Tohoku region.

Other TV stations in Nagoya

 * Chūkyō Television Broadcasting (CTV, 中京テレビ放送, affiliated with NTV and NNN / NNS) - 4
 * Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting Co., Ltd (CBC, 中部日本放送, affiliated with TBS TV and JNN) - 5
 * Nagoya Broadcasting Network (NBN, 名古屋テレビ放送, affiliated with TV Asahi and ANN) - 6
 * Aichi Television Broadcasting (TVA, テレビ愛知, affiliated with TV Tokyo and TX Network) - 10

title: Tōkai Television Broadcasting


text:
Zoids: Chaotic Century

Zoids: Chaotic Century, simply titled Zoids (ゾイド -ZOIDS-) in Japan, is the first of five anime series based on the Zoids range of mecha model kits produced by TOMY. It is loosely adapted from the manga series Kiiju Shinseiki Zoido, which was created by Michiro Ueyama and published in CoroCoro Comic. The series was animated by Xebec, and aired from September 4, 1999, to December 23, 2000, on TBS and Network. Although the first series to be produced for the franchise in Japan, Chaotic Century was the second series to be dubbed and aired in Western nations, following Zoids: New Century. In August 2013, a Blu-ray box set of the series was released in Japan, it optionally came with a limited edition Blade Liger.

Series background
Zoids: Chaotic Century is set in the far reaches of the Milky Way, on the planet Zi. On Zi, there are metallic life-forms known as Zoids, which possess powerful fighting capabilities. Throughout the recent history of the series, Zoids have been used as weapons in an ongoing war between the Helic Republic and Guylos Empire.

The setting of Chaotic Century is a few years after the most recent war between the Helic Republic and the Guylos Empire. The two nations are currently observing a ceasefire, although ambushes and minor assaults are initiated by both sides, and tensions are high after it is revealed that one or both sides may have access to the ancient technology of the Ancient Zoidians.

The series follows the story of Van Flyheight, a teenage boy who discovers a mysterious girl named Fiona (Fine in the Japanese version), and an Organoid named Zeke (Sieg). Van discovers that Zeke has the ability to merge with a Zoid, increasing its fighting power, and with that skill, Van and Fiona set off to discover the secrets of Fiona's past. During their travel, they meet up with a transporter named Moonbay, and a mercenary named Irvine, who initially thwarts their progress, but eventually begins traveling with them. As they travel across the Helic Republic, a new war breaks out, with the group of travelers being caught in the middle of it.

Plot
Prior to the series there was war between the Guylos Empire and the Helic Republic which ended in a ceasefire. The series starts with Van being chased by a group of bandit Zoid pilots and discovering the organoid Zeke in ruins near his village. Zeke revives an abandoned Shield Liger, which Van uses to fight off the bandits. Returning to the same ruins, he discovers Fiona, a mysterious girl with no memories. When Van returns to his village, the gang of bandits return and try to take Zeke from Van. To keep his village safe, he leaves with Fiona. Van hears Fiona speak of something called Zoid Eve and decides to help her find it in hopes that it will help her memories return. Shortly afterwards, they meet Irvine. Initially, Van and Irvine are enemies because of Irvine's attempts to steal Zeke, but they end up traveling together when they meet Moonbay. Van has to travel with Moonbay because she blew up her cargo to help him.

Later, the four arrive at one of the Republic's army bases and help to stop an invasion by the Empire orchestrated by Prozen. Afterward, Van, Fiona, Irvine, and Moonbay try to stay out of the war. However, Van is drawn back in when he meets the Guylos ace pilot Raven, quickly developing a grudge after witnessing Raven's brutal nature. They fight, but Van proves to be no match for Raven. Van later challenges Raven again, losing a second time, and Zeke suffers near-fatal damage, but Van manages to save him. During this time the Imperial army is marching farther and farther into Republican territory but are eventually stopped by the Republic's new weapon, the Gojulas. Van and the others eventually reach the Republic's capital in hopes of finding information about Zoid Eve, but are caught up in the Empire's surprise assault on the city. During the battle Van is finally able to defeat Raven, the latter destroying his own Zoid as he attempts to pierce the Liger's energy shield.

The war is stopped when the Empire's crown prince Rudolph orders a ceasefire, but Prozen refuses to give up on conquering the Republic and attempts to assassinate the prince. His attempt is foiled by the bandits Rosso and Viola, who kidnap the prince for ransom. However, Prozen announces that the prince is dead, seizing control of the Empire for himself. Prozen finds the remnants of legends about an apocalyptically powerful Zoid, the Death Saurer, and attempts to clone it. As a byproduct of the cloning research, the Geno Saurer is created and given to Raven. Raven uses the Geno Saurer to destroy Van's Shield Liger, but Zeke and Fiona later revive the Shield Liger as the Blade Liger.

It is revealed that Fiona is actually an ancient Zoidian that existed before humans came to the planet Zi. Rudolph joins Van and his friends, who try to take him to the Empire's capital Guygalos to stop Prozen from taking over the Empire and restarting the war. When Rudolph resurfaces, Prozen claims that he is an imposter, manipulating the imperial forces into fighting against the prince and his friends. Eventually, Van faces Raven again, and after an extremely difficult battle destroys the Geno Saurer. Raven survives thanks to his organoid Shadow.

Van and his friends succeed in returning Rudolph to the capital, but Prozen unleashes his cloned Death Saurer. The Death Saurer goes on a rampage and almost destroys the capital, with the joint forces of the Empire and Republic powerless to stop it. Van is able to destroy the Death Saurer using what he learned fighting against the Geno Saurer. Prozen, riding the Death Saurer, appears to be killed in the process. Rudolph is then crowned the emperor and peace finally begins between the Empire and Republic, but Van and Fiona don't take part in the celebration and instead leave to find Zoid Eve.

Guardian Force
Two years after the Death Saurer's defeat, Van is shown to have joined the Helic army. On a trip home he meets up with Fiona, now a researcher for the military, and the two decide to try to find the Zoid Eve again. Van and Fiona are assigned to a joint task force, the Guardian Force, formed by the Empire and Republic. They work with Thomas Schubaltz of the Empire to fight against those who threaten the peace between the nations. The Guardian Force faces a number of antagonists. Most notably, they have multiple encounters with two mysterious individuals who have organoids, Reese and Hiltz. Raven also resurfaces, piloting various Zoids until he obtains a new Geno Saurer that later evolves into the Geno Breaker. The Guardian Force's members clash with Reese, Raven, Hiltz, and other criminals a number of times.

Eventually it is revealed that Reese and Hiltz are working to awaken a mysterious Zoid known as the Death Stinger, a very large and extremely powerful Zoid capable of destroying cities with its charged particle beam. Hiltz uses the Death Stinger to destroy the Republic's capital, despite a massive mobilization of Imperial and Republican military forces. The remaining forces gather and awaken the Ultrasaurus, a giant mobile fortress Zoid meant to be used as a last resort. The Ultrasaurus is fitted with the gravity cannon, an immense weapon nearly as large as the Ultrasaurus itself.

Hiltz continues his campaign of destruction across the continent. The Ultrasaurus pursues, and Van, Irvine, and Thomas close in to pin down the Death Stinger for the gravity cannon. They successfully hit the Death Stinger with the gravity cannon's third and final shot, crushing it. Its Zoid core shuts down and the Zoid begins to turn into stone. However, Hiltz's organoid Ambient appears and fuses with the Death Stinger, resurrecting it. Van and friends make headway against the still-weakened Death Stinger, but Hiltz, the Death Stinger, and Fiona all suddenly dissolve into light.

Fiona materializes before the Dark Kaiser, revealed to be Prozen merged with the Death Saurer's Zoid core. He manipulates Fiona to open the doors to the Ancient Zoidian city of Evopolis, where the Zoid Eve is located. Fiona regains her memories and explains that the Zoid Eve is the source of life for all Zoids. Zoids initially brought great prosperity, but some turned them into tools for war. The Death Saurer was created to end all wars, but instead began to destroy everything. The Zoidians could not bring themselves to destroy the Zoid Eve, which would end the life of all Zoids, so they sealed it away along with the Death Saurer's body.

Hiltz and the Death Stinger re-materialize in front of Van, who is heading toward Fiona. Van faces Hiltz, aided by Ambient, without his own organoid Zeke. He astounds Hiltz by out-fighting the more powerful Zoid. Van and the Death Stinger arrive at Evopolis, and Prozen demands that the Death Stinger merge with him into the Death Saurer. However, the core instead absorbs him. Hiltz and the Death Stinger merge with Death Saurer core, bringing the monster back to life. The awakened Death Saurer is much more powerful than the incomplete clone that was previously defeated. The combined forces of the military, Van, Raven, Reese, and a fourth gravity cannon shell are unable to even harm it. The Death Saurer and Hiltz are finally stopped by firing the Blade Liger out of the gravity cannon like a bullet, piercing the Death Saurer's core, critically damaging it and killing Hiltz once and for all. After the destruction of the Death Saurer, Planet Zi lives in peace.

Characters
(All characters are referred to by their names in the English dub)
 * Van Flyheight - Van is a fourteen year old (at the beginning of the show) orphan of the previous war between the Republic and Empire. His home is the Wind Colony, a village just within the borders of the Helic Republic. Van has an older sister, Maria Flyheight, who is in her late teens. Their father, Major Daniel "Dan" Flyheight, was a pilot with the Republican Army, using a Command Wolf called Zeke. He was killed defending the Wind Colony from an Imperial attack when Van was nine. At the start of the series, Van is chased into some ruins by a bandit named Bol. He then finds two capsules in the ruin. Van opens one to find an Organoid, whom he names Zeke after his father's zoid. He then fights off the bandits in a Shield Liger, which was brought back to life by Zeke. Van then opens up the second capsule, and finds a girl, who he names Fiona. Van then starts a journey to find Fiona's memories, and becomes caught up in a new war, and a plot to take over Zi. Van is a bit dense to start with, but is loyal to his companions and has a good heart. His open nature means that many people are attracted to him, and he enjoys a good challenge. He pilots a Shield Liger, a lion type Zoid that can deploy a shield in front of itself. It later evolves into a Blade Liger, which gives it a pair of laser-edged blades capable of cutting through all but the densest of enemy armor. His favorite food is mentioned as papaya. Throughout the course of the series, Van and Fiona fall in love.
 * Fiona Elisi Linette - Fiona is young girl awakened from stasis by Van. She suffers from severe amnesia, and is unable to remember anything but the name "Fiona". Van gives her this as her new name, and the two set off to discover who she is. As her memories return, it is learned that her full name is Elisi Linette, and that she is one of the last members of the Ancient Zoidian race. Her driving goal is to discover something known as the 'Zoid Eve', supposedly the source of all Zoids' power.  Although a bit naive at first (walking past bandits to untie her friends), she matures over time and eventually serves as Doctor D.'s brilliant assistant. While she and Van had somewhat of a rocky start, the two would grow close, and form a bond. It is shown that Fiona and Van develop romantic feelings for one another. Later in the series, Irvine points out Fiona's love for Van.
 * Zeke - Zeke is an organoid dragon, a small Zoid imbued with many powers. Awakened by Van, Zeke is named after the Command Wolf piloted by Van's father. Zeke's primary ability is to fuse himself with another Zoid, increasing its combat potential dramatically. Zeke is able to use this ability to resurrect destroyed Zoids, and to evolve Zoids into more powerful forms.
 * Irvine - Irvine is an eighteen-year-old mercenary, and the "tough guy" of the series. Initially interested in capturing Zeke, he later joins Van, Moonbay, Zeke, and Fiona after losing this desire. Although cold-hearted in appearance, Irvine shows a soft side on more than one occasion. He is a skilled pilot, who uses a modified Command Wolf with a powerful long-range rifle. When his Command Wolf is severely damaged, its combat data is transferred into an experimental Zoid, the Lightning Saix, which uses extreme speed to overwhelm the opponent. While he wears an eye patch, he has full function of both his eyes, and uses the eye patch as a camera.
 * Moonbay - Moonbay is a trader, who often smuggles weapons using the Gustav, an armored insect Zoid capable of pulling 250 tons of cargo. She is considered to be a free-spirited individual, who is not afraid to speak her mind. Although she appears greedy and selfish initially, Moonbay is a good person. She does like to sing, although she rarely stays on key.
 * Raven - Raven is the top pilot of the Guylos Empire, adopted by Prozen after his parents, Zoid researchers, were killed by the Organoid Ambient. He is selected for his prodigious piloting abilities, which are complemented by the Organoid, Shadow. Raven is extremely anti-social and reserved, and holds a deep dislike of all Zoids. He considers Van to be his rival, and swears not to rest until Van has been killed by his hand. Raven pilots a Zaber Fang, which is destroyed in a battle with Van. He then pilots a Genosaurer which is destroyed by Van in another battle. It is replaced by a prototype Genosaurer, which later evolves into the powerful Geno Breaker.
 * Admiral Gunther Prozen - Gunther is the main villain of the series. He is the Regent of the Guylos Empire, an Admiral in the Guylos military, and the second in line for the throne of Guylos. Prozen arranges for Prince Rudolph, next in line for the throne, to be kidnapped and assassinated so that he can seize power after Emperor Zeppelin's suspicious death. He plans to use the Death Saurer to take total control of the world. He is believed to be killed after his Death Saurer is destroyed, but is shown to have survived as the Dark Kaiser.
 * Hiltz - Hiltz is an Ancient Zoidian with a red Organoid named Ambient. His driving goal is to restore Zoidians to power, even if all humans have to die to do so. He pilots the Death Stinger and later merges with the Ultimate Death Saurer. Hiltz is the main antagonist of Zoids Guardian Force, and arguably the entire series as his arc is tied to Fiona's past and the quest for the Zoid Eve. He is killed in the final episode when Van is fired through the gravity cannon and penetrates the Ultimate Death Saurer.
 * Rease - Rease is an Ancient Zoidian with a blue Organoid named Specula. She pilots a Double Sworder, and later upgrades to an advanced "Psycho" Genosaurer which was developed based on the data of Raven's Geno Breaker. She and her Organoid both possess psychic abilities, and she often uses psychological warfare and mind-control to disable her enemies. While she is first an ally of Hiltz, she changes sides after she finds out Hiltz had been using her all along. She appears to have some feelings for Raven, as she does help him come to terms with his past.
 * Dr. D - Dr. D. is a self-confessed mad scientist once employed by the Republican Army as a Zoid researcher. He is considered Zi's foremost expert on anything Zoid or Organoid related, and enjoys hanging around with Van and his group. His attitude and demeanor irritates Van and Irvine, but D.'s knowledge comes in handy on several occasions.
 * Prince Rudolph Zeppelin III - Rudolph is the grandchild of Emperor William Zeppelin. Rudolph is placed into the care of Van by Rosso and Viola, former waste gangsters turned bodyguards. Van agrees to help return Rudolph to the Guylos Empire capital, Guygalos, and to teach the boy how to pilot a Zoid properly. Although Rudolph's identity is initially kept hidden from Van and his friends, Doctor D. soon reveals the truth about the Crown Prince. Rudolph is an eager, friendly person, who wishes to be able to emulate Van in piloting skill. Rudolph is quite naive and prefers reasoning over fighting, even with Raven and Prozen. He also deeply cares for the Guylos Empire and hates seeing others around him hurt.
 * Karlton "Karl" Lichen Schubaltz - Karl is one of the Guylos Empire's greatest Zoid pilots. Karl is an honorable fighter, and wishes to see peace between the Republic and Empire as opposed to total destruction of both sides. He has a younger brother, Thomas, who doesn't appear until Guardian Force. He both loathes and distrusts Prozen, though he respects the command chain, and so he reluctantly follows orders. Initially a major, he is later promoted to the rank of colonel. Karl Schubaltz pilots the Dark Horn and the Iron Kong, as well as a custom Zaber Fang.
 * Thomas Richard Schubaltz - Thomas is the younger brother of Karl Schubaltz, and pilot of the Dibison. He excels at technical tasks, and is the creator of the BEEK AI unit, which can be installed into a Zoid, and communicates through a series of beeps. When he first meets Fiona, he develops a huge crush on her. This serves as somewhat of a gag, as Thomas is shown to compete with Van for Fiona's feelings (though neither Fiona nor Van pay heed to this).
 * Robert "Rob" Herman - Robert is the commander-in-chief of the Red River Unit at the Red River base bordering Imperial territory. He is also the son of both the Republic's former and current Presidents, but he is a confident soldier who does not appear to rely on the influence of his family in order to benefit himself. Instead, he prefers to perform his duties and to earn his rank in the army on his own. In fact, in one of the episodes, it is hinted that he is so detached from his familial ties that he has not called his mother, the current President of the Republic, "Mom" in several years, instead addressing her by her proper title as any other soldier would. The Zoids he has been seen piloting most often are a Pteras and a Gordos. He has also been seen piloting a Gojulas and a Shield Liger from time to time.
 * DJ O'Connell - DJ is the second-in-command to Robert Herman, and most commonly pilots a Command Wolf and Pteras. His loyalty is a notable character trait, as he appears quite upset when Herman is missing in action, leading him to accept the assistance of Van, Moonbay, Irvine, Fiona and Zeke (for a price).

Main Zoids
The central Zoids are those of the main characters. They are as follows:
 * Van's Shield Liger and Blade Liger
 * Moonbay's Gustav
 * Irvine's Command Wolf and Lightning Saix
 * Thomas's Dibison
 * Raven's Zaber Fang, Geno Saurer, and Geno Breaker

Helic Zoids
The Helic Republic uses a wide selection of Zoids for combat use. Most of the time, the Helic Zoids are normally underpowered, but are either faster than Guylos Zoids or used by the masses. The most commonly seen Helic Zoids are the Godos, Gordos, Gojulas, Command Wolf, Storm Sworder, Shield Liger, Pteras, Gustav, Gun Sniper, and Guysack. A few Guysacks and Godos are seen using mining equipment and used for civilian purposes. Although never shown in use by the Republic, the Dibison is also a Helic Republic zoid stated when Lieutenant Thomas Schubaltz explained to Van that he got his Dibison through the Arms Exchange between the Helic Republic and the Guylos Empire.

Guylos Zoids
The Guylos Empire uses a smaller selection of Zoids for combat. Whereas the Helic Zoids are faster, the Guylos Zoids are stronger and heavier-armored. The most commonly seen Zoids of the Guylos forces are the Red Horn, Dark Horn, Zaber Fang (Sabre Tiger), Molga, Redler, Black Redler, Whale King, Rev Raptor, Gustav, and Iron Kong.

Organoids
Organoids are a special type of Zoid left over from the time of the Ancient Zoidians. They commonly resemble Japanese dragons (i.e. three claws on each "hand" and "foot"), and are around the size of a small horse. Organoids are unique to Chaotic Century and Guardian Force, and do not appear in any other series (though they appear in some games). Organoids have the ability to fuse with other Zoids, either healing them, making them more powerful, evolving them, etc. They also have the memories of their Zoidian partners stored inside of them. In ancient times, all Zoidians were paired with an organoid.

Only four organoids appear in the series: Zeke, Shadow, Ambient, and Specula.

Theme songs

 * Opening
 * 1) Wild Flowers by Ramar (Mean Records)

 * Ending
 * 1) Song for... by Dear (Myriad Records)
 * 2) Chase by Develop=Frame
 * 3) Into Yourself by Transtic Nerve (Massive Recording)
 * 4) Your Song by Earth

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Zoids: Chaotic Century


text:
National Unified Legal Professional Qualification Examination

The National Unified Legal Professional Qualification Examination, commonly abbreviated as Legal Exam, is the national bar examination of the People's Republic of China. This examination is administered by the Ministry of Justice. According to the law, those who serve as judges, prosecutors, lawyers, notaries, legal advisors, legal arbitrators, and those in government departments who are engaged in the review of administrative penalty decisions, administrative reconsideration, and administrative rulings are required to pass the legal professional qualification examination.

Since the exam was established and first administered in 2018, the annual pass rate has remained at 10% to 15%. Before the 2018 legal examination reform, the examination was known as the National Judicial Examination, which was administered annually from 2002 to 2017.

Subjects
The legal exam is divided into objective test and subjective test. The objective test is taken first, and after successfully passing the test, candidates can take the subsequent subjective test.

The objective test is divided into Paper 1 and Paper 2. The test subjects are:

 * Paper 1: Socialist legal theory with Chinese characteristics, jurisprudence, constitution, Chinese legal history, international law, judicial system and legal professional ethics, criminal law, criminal procedure law, administrative law and administrative procedure law;
 * Paper 2: Civil law, intellectual property law, commercial law, economic law, environmental resources law, labor and social security law, private international law, international economic law, civil procedure law (including arbitration system).

The subjective examination consists of One paper. The main subjects are: socialist legal theory with Chinese characteristics, jurisprudence, constitution, criminal law, criminal procedure law, civil law, commercial law, civil procedure law (including arbitration system), administrative law and administrative procedure law, judicial system and legal professional ethics.

Scope
The legal examination implements a national unified proposition. The range of propositions is based on the "National Unified Legal Professional Qualification Examination Outline" formulated and published by the Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China.

Device
The objective test takes the form of a closed-book, computerized examination. The computerized examination questions, answer requirements and answer interface are all displayed on the computer display screen. Candidates should use the computer mouse or keyboard to answer directly on the computer answering interface.

The subjective examination is based on the principle of computerized examination and is equipped with an electronic compilation of laws and regulations. Candidates who find it difficult to take computer exams due to health, age, or other reasons may apply to use paper-and-pencil answering methods when confirming their registration to take the subjective exam; the test questions and answer requirements are displayed on the computer display screen, and the test takers answer on the answer sheet.

For legal examinations organized in ethnic autonomous areas, test papers in ethnic minority languages may be used for the examination.

Score
The objective test exam consists of two papers. It is divided into Paper 1 and Paper 2. Each paper has 100 questions and is worth 150 points. There are 50 single-choice questions, worth 1 point each, and a total of 50 multiple-choice and indefinite-choice questions, worth 2 points each. The total score of the two papers is 300 points.

The subjective test is one paper, including case analysis questions, legal document questions, essay questions and other types of questions. The total score is 180 points.


text:
Knives Out (song)

"Knives Out" is a song by the English rock band Radiohead, released as the second single from their fifth album, Amnesiac (2001). It features lyrics about cannibalism and guitars influenced by the Smiths.

Critics described "Knives Out" as one of the more conventional tracks on Amnesiac, which departed from Radiohead's earlier guitar-led sound. It received positive reviews and reached number 13 on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the Canadian Singles Chart. The music video was directed by Michel Gondry.

Recording
Radiohead recorded "Knives Out" during the sessions for their albums Kid A and Amnesiac, which were recorded simultaneously in 1999 and 2000. Although the albums moved away from Radiohead's earlier guitar-led sound, the singer, Thom Yorke, said "Knives Out" was "no departure at all" and "survived because it was too good to miss".

According to a studio diary kept by the guitarist Ed O'Brien, "Knives Out" took 373 days to complete. He wrote that it was "probably the most straight-ahead thing we've done in years ... and that might explain why we took so long on it". He felt that successful bands often over-embellish their music, especially songs written on acoustic guitar, but that Radiohead had captured the song's essence. In November 1999, Radiohead performed "Knives Out" during a webcast from their studio.

"Knives Out" was influenced by the British rock band the Smiths. Before its release, O'Brien played it for the Smiths guitarist Johnny Marr, who said: "I was beyond flattered and quite speechless – which takes some doing. He explained to me that with that song they'd tried to take a snapshot of the way I'd done things in the Smiths – and I guess you can hear that in it." In another interview, he said: "The music did touch me the same way the Smiths did, and it was a wonderful feeling ... that sort of emotional quality and that sort of melodicism."

Composition
According to Drowned in Sound, "Knives Out" is the most conventional song on ''Amnesiac. '' It features "chiming" and "drifting" guitar lines, "driving" percussion, a "wandering" bassline, "haunting" vocals and "eerie" lyrics. Yorke said the lyrics were about cannibalism. He said: "It's partly the idea of the businessman walking out on his wife and kids and never coming back. It's also the thousand-yard stare when you look at someone close to you and you know they're gonna die."

Music video
The "Knives Out" music video was directed by Michel Gondry. Gondry was going through a breakup at the time, and expressed his feelings in the video concept, which has Yorke grieving in a hospital room. Gondry described the collaboration as a "terrible experience", and said: "I showed [Yorke] a storyboard and every single detail: he was completely excited and happy for it – and then, it turned out, they all criticise me for being selfish and putting my own views on it and my own introspection ... It did not go smoothly, but if it went smoothly, it would be mediocre."

Release
In the United Kingdom, "Knives Out" was released on 6 August 2001 as the second Amnesiac single in three formats: two CD singles and a 12-inch vinyl single. It reached number 13 on the UK Singles Chart. "Knives Out" was covered by the Flaming Lips on their 2003 EP Fight Test, the pianist Christopher O'Riley on his 2003 album True Love Waits, and the jazz pianist Brad Mehldau on his 2006 album Day is Done. The 2019 film Knives Out takes its name from the song. The director, Rian Johnson, a Radiohead fan, said the song was not related but that it "seemed like a great title for a murder mystery". A performance of the B-side "Fog", rearranged for piano, was released on the 2003 EP Com Lag.

Reception
David Merryweather of Drowned in Sound gave the "Knives Out" single nine out of ten, praising Jonny Greenwood's "chiming" guitar for capturing the "romantic disappointment" and "wistful ache" of the Smiths. Reviewing Amnesiac for Pitchfork, Ryan Schreiber felt the guitar line was too similar to Radiohead's 1997 song "Paranoid Android", writing: "Great melody. However, they've fucking used it before."

In 2010, Consequence of Sound praised "Knives Out" as one of Radiohead's "creepiest" songs: "It's one of many tracks from the English quintet that tickles the bones rather than warms them. But that's what makes Radiohead so unique." In 2020, the Guardian named it the 13th-best Radiohead song, writing: "The impenetrable Amnesiac debunked industry rumours that Radiohead were primed for a bankable comeback – but amid that album lay this meat-and-potatoes rocker, its scurrying riffs, mystic ambience and cannibalistic lyrics qualifying as glorious light relief."

Track listings

 * All tracks written by Radiohead.

'''UK CD1 and 12-inch single (CDFHEIS 45103; 12FHEIT 45103)
 * 1) "Knives Out" – 4:17
 * 2) "Cuttooth" – 5:24
 * 3) "Life in a Glasshouse" (full length version) – 5:06

UK CD2 (CDFHEIT 45103)
 * 1) "Knives Out" – 4:17
 * 2) "Worrywort" – 4:37
 * 3) "Fog" – 4:05

European maxi-CD and Australasian CD single (7243 8 79760 2 3)
 * 1) "Knives Out" – 4:17
 * 2) "Worrywort" – 4:37
 * 3) "Fog" – 4:04
 * 4) "Life in a Glasshouse" (full length version) – 5:06

US enhanced maxi-CD single (C2 7243 8 77668 0 8)
 * 1) "Knives Out" – 4:17
 * 2) "Cuttooth" – 5:24
 * 3) "Life in a Glasshouse" (full length version) – 5:06
 * 4) "Pyramid Song" (enhanced video) – 5:05

Japanese CD single (TOCP-65871)
 * 1) "Knives Out" – 4:17
 * 2) "Cuttooth" – 5:25
 * 3) "Worrywort" – 4:37
 * 4) "Fog" – 4:05
 * 5) "Life in a Glasshouse" (full length version) – 5:06

title: Knives Out (song)


text:
User talk:Abhilashsharma

I moved your autobiography to your User:Abhilashsharma page. Please don't recreate it as if it were an encyclopedia article. RickK 09:58, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Abhilashsharma


text: Category:1235 deaths

title: Category:1235 deaths


text:
Market depth

In finance, market depth is a real-time list displaying the quantity to be sold versus unit price. The list is organized by price level and is reflective of real-time market activity. Mathematically, it is the size of an order needed to move the market price by a given amount. If the market is deep, a large order is needed to change the price.

Factors influencing market depth

 * Tick size. This refers to the minimum price increment at which trades may be made on the market. The major stock markets in the United States went through a process of decimalisation in April 2001. This switched the minimum increment from a sixteenth to a one hundredth of a dollar. This decision improved market depth.
 * Price movement restrictions. Most major financial markets do not allow completely free exchange of the products they trade, but instead restrict price movement in well-intentioned ways. These include session price change limits on major commodity markets and program trading curbs on the NYSE, which disallow certain large basket trades after the Dow Jones Industrial Average has moved up or down 200 points in a session.
 * Trading restrictions. These include futures contract and options position limits as well as the widely used uptick rule for US stocks. These prevent market participants from adding to depth when they might otherwise choose to do so.
 * Allowable leverage. Major markets and governing bodies typically set minimum margin requirements for trading various products. While this may act to stabilize the marketplace, it decreases the market depth simply because participants otherwise willing to take on very high leverage cannot do so without providing more capital.
 * Market transparency. While the latest bid or ask price is usually available for most participants, additional information about the size of these offers and pending bids or offers that are not the best are sometimes hidden for reasons of technical complexity or simplicity. This decrease in available information can affect the willingness of participants to add to market depth.

In some cases, the term refers to financial data feeds available from exchanges or brokers. An example would be NASDAQ Level II quote data.

title: Market depth


text: User talk:83.71.53.84

title: User talk:83.71.53.84


text:
Talk:Tower Records

Tower Labs
Factual error. Of the two references/sources, for Tower Labs, the Tower Labs webpage and *The New York Times* article, only *The New York Times* article states an opening date, for Tower Labs, which is Friday, November 4, 2022. The section for Tower Labs, in this article, states "October 2022" as when Tower Labs opened, which is a different month and not Friday, November 4, 2022.

Tower Records
There is a lot of misinformation about Tower Records out there. You're contributing to the lie that is Tower Records. 2601:204:CC00:B8:2844:9FFC:A5FC:BDE1 (talk) 14:02, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

Tower Sapporo
Tower Records Sapporo was not originally opened by MTS Incorporated. It was opened by an individual Japanese man who admired the store in America. He had no permission to use the name or logo. When Sacramento found out about it that was the beginning of Tower Records Inc., Japan. They eventually bought the little store then opened Shibuya which was a huge hit. Mark Viducich was sent on a fact finding mission. It was not his idea to go retail in Japan as he says in the documentary. That statement should be examined. 2601:204:CC00:B8:2844:9FFC:A5FC:BDE1 (talk) 14:11, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tower Records


text: Category:1251 deaths

title: Category:1251 deaths


text: Category:1256 deaths

title: Category:1256 deaths


text:
Won Alexander Cumyow

Won Alexander Cumyow was an early Chinese Canadian public servant and community leader.

Early life
Born on or about 1861 March 24 in Port Douglas (at the north end of Harrison Lake, Colony of British Columbia at the start of the Douglas Road to Lillooet during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush), Won Cumyow was the oldest son of Won Ling Sing, a Hakka-speaking store and restaurant owner who had emigrated in 1858 from China to San Francisco and later to Port Douglas. Won Cumyow was the first person of Chinese descent known to have been born within the boundaries of present-day Canada (British Columbia being a colony in 1861).

He attended high school in New Westminster and became a court interpreter (1888) and labour contractor. He was an interpreter in the Vancouver police court from 1904 to 1936, speaking English, Cantonese, Hakka, and also the Chinook Jargon, which he had learned as a child at Port Douglas. He studied law, even articled, but was not permitted a license because, being Chinese, he was denied the vote.

Won Cumyow voted for the first time in 1890 but provincial legislation in 1895–1896 stripped Chinese (as well as Japanese and First Nations) voting rights in elections in BC (though his name still does appear on the 1898 BC voters list). The voters' list in federal elections came from the provincial election's voters' list, and so the federal franchise was also blocked. The federal Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 also known as the Chinese Exclusion Act, was repealed after World War II on 1947 May 14, and he then voted again in the next federal election in 1949—making him the only Chinese person to have voted both before and after the disenfranchisement. A photo of him voting has been reprinted in newspapers many times, and is featured on a wall mural in Vancouver's Chinatown.

Community work
Active in the Vancouver's Chinese community, he was founder of the Chinese Empire Reform Association (an organization of overseas Chinese, active mostly between 1899 and 1911, made up of mostly the older, more prosperous Chinese merchants in Canada, and supporting the modernization of China through progressive reforms within the framework of a constitutional monarchy rather than by armed revolution), and a president of the Chinese Benevolent Association. Chinese merchants had formed the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association, with the first branch in Victoria in 1884 and the second one in Vancouver in 1895. The Association was mandatory for all Chinese in the area to join, and it did everything from representing members in legal disputes to sending the remains of a member who died back to his or her ancestral homeland in China.

Marriage
Won Cumyow married Ye Eva Chan on November 29, 1889. A Chinese Methodist missionary family had adopted her and brought her to Canada from Hong Kong in 1888. Together Won Cumyow and Ye Eva had ten children. Their third son, Gordon Won Cumyow, took over the position of court interpreter and in 1951 became the first Chinese notary public in Canada.

Death
Won Cumyow died on October 6, 1955, in Vancouver.

Legacy
Won Cumyow is one of eight finalists for the $5 polymer bills in Canada.

title: Won Alexander Cumyow


text: Category:1260 deaths

title: Category:1260 deaths


text: Category:1262 deaths

title: Category:1262 deaths


text: Category:1264 deaths

title: Category:1264 deaths


text: Category:1267 deaths

title: Category:1267 deaths


text:
User:Beta m/Deletionoholics

 * Disclaimer: This page is not an official Wikipedia page. It represents an opinion of a singles user (Beta_M).

In complience with the No personal attacks policy list of individual users who imho were Deletionoholics has been removed. What this page will become now is a general discussion on the subject of Deletionoholism and how to combat it in Wikipedia.

"Knowledge in Danger" stories
This is a list of discussions about the pages that were removed, simply because they were not liked. Some of them were deemed to be neologisms, some un-encyclopaedic... see for yourself.
 * Votes for deletion/Beta m/Deletionaholics
 * Yes, that's right, this page was almost removed. Voting still continues as of now; however, it looks like i'll be allowed to have this page after all.

 * Votes for deletion/Voluntarianism. (recreated)
 * "Voluntarism: 1 Physosophy. the theory that the will rather than the intellect is the ultimate princile of reality. 2 a doctrine or system based on voluntary participation in a course of action. 3 another name for voluntaryism." Collins English Dictionary 1979 ISBN 000433078-1 and ISBN 000433080-3
 * Question: How can a word that actually made it to the dictionary in 1979 be a neologism? Answer: It can't Deletionoholics were just upset that they didn't know about it, and that their god google wasn't good enough to find it.
 * It was pointed out to me that the exact name of the page deleted is "Voluntarianism" not "Voluntarism", a search on http://activista.org/ did in fact prove that there is much more information on the latter than on the former, but the former also exists.

title: User:Beta m/Deletionoholics


text: Category:1202 births

title: Category:1202 births


text: Category:1205 births

title: Category:1205 births


text: Category:1206 births

title: Category:1206 births


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Beta m/Deletionaholics

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 16:45, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

User:Beta m/Deletionaholics
Violates Wikipedia's no personal attacks policy. RickK 10:05, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * LOL, Actually i found it funny that this page was put for deletion so fast. First i'd like to point out that votes for deletion of user pages is suppose to be done "in excessive or stubborn cases" as is stated on Deletion policy, the comment on my user page was left after the VfD. I will try to work on the page, and probably remove the "list" of other users. It is sad that i wasn't given a chance to do so. Beta_M talk, |contrib ( Ë-Mail )
 * I have changed the page. RickK, if you could please answer what i've written to you on your talk page (and on mine as a responce to your post), it would be greatly appreciated. As the page is now i don't see how there can be any objections to it, i won't remove so if either you or somebody else would do that it would be appreciated. Thanx Beta_M talk, |contrib ( Ë-Mail )

 * Keep for the moment. This listing appears to be in violation of the current deletion policy in that the user was not contacted first. I agree that a previous version contained a personal attack. Andrewa 12:04, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you point to where you see something in that page that says that the user needs to be contacted? RickK 19:24, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * At deletion policy there are two tables, the first is headed Problems that don't require deletion and includes the line Problem with page: Inappropriate user page. Solution: Talk to the user; if that doesn't work, come back here. You seem to have jumped straight to the second table, Problems that may require deletion, but the instructions clearly say Read the following two tables to find out what to do with a problem page (my emphasis). I think the intention is clear. What do you think? Andrewa 00:11, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I think that policy is pretty obscurely-located. I never knew it existed, and when I read it when you first posted, I went right past it.  RickK 00:14, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep - and not that it really matters but I only give no reason for deletion when it has already been stated by multiple users, or when the article really doesn't need a reason. Maybe I should just stick in a pun every time to keep you happy. Xezbeth  16:25, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Um voting without giving reasons is very stress-inducing because the vote and the voter are then unknown quantities. If someone wants to answer reason for deletion, maybe by providing evidence or improving the article, they don't know how or if there would be any point trying. Maybe the article doesn't need a reason, but they can't tell if the vote is about the article, or the topic. If a reason been given, it's not to hard to say "delete per (username) is it"? Kappa 19:32, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep in present form. I don't see why this should have been listed on VfD in any case. Agree that it did violate the "no personal attacks" policy. But this could have been handled in other ways. For example the page itself could have been edited, with an edit comment and notes on its Talk page. Suggest in any case that the page be moved to "Deletionoholic" to conform better with the spelling of alcohol. Is Beta_M talk, |contrib ( Ë-Mail ) aware of ADW by the way? It's delightful, it's delovely, it's deletion
 * AID says "(There is currently no text in this page)", what is going on? Beta_M talk, |contrib ( Ë-Mail )
 * Typo for ADW, sorry. See also AIW, Association of Mergist Wikipedians, Association of Apathetic Wikipedians, Association of Wikipedians Who Dislike Making Broad Judgements About the Worthiness of a General Category of Article, and Who Are In Favor of the Deletion of Some Particularly Bad Articles, but That Doesn't Mean They are Deletionist, etc. VfD: Where the Elite Meet to Delete

 * Keep. Whats wrong with listing who the deletionists are?  Can't this be managed without resulting to personal attacks?  —RaD Man (talk) 20:00, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd say it can't, as I don't consider myself a deletionist. I vote keep on "fancruft" all the time, for example. Xezbeth  20:14, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nothing's wrong with it, except it's already been done (voluntarily I might add) at []. Making your own "hit list" of people you think should be labeled thus is not only redundant, it's mean-spirited and generally unneighborly. Katefan0 20:29, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * There's nothing wrong with listing people who identify themselves as deletionists. There's quite a bit wrong with applying such a label to someone else. For example, how would you react if I were to include "RaD Man" on a list of "shameless extroverts" or "notorious Thespians" or "People that were forced to leave college because of matriculation?" Dpbsmith (talk) 20:31, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Hey now, why all the harsh analogies? How about a list of "lovely people who enjoy ice cream?"  ;)  Katefan0 20:36, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC) (I am Katefan0, and I'm a Deletionist.)
 * Comment: The original of this page was over the top and consituted a personal attack IMO, and would have been a possible RfC candidate if it hadn't been withdrawn. But it was withdrawn. All that was needed in this case was to point this relative newcomer to the relevant policies, which is exactly the procedure our current policy describes, see above. No change of vote. Andrewa 00:21, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * My above comments aside..... I'm a little queasy about the idea of voting to delete someone's personal user page, short of ad hominem attacks or discriminatory or vulgar text. I happen to find the practice of making these sorts of "hit lists" personally distasteful but I'm not sure I'd vote to delete one of them on someone's user page.  So I have to say, while holding my nose, keep. Katefan0 20:40, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I believe Beta M should have been contacted first. Listing a user page in VfD without doing this may sound like an aggression itself. But I do think that list should be deleted. It's unpolite to categorize people this way, associating them with a Wikipedia "philosophy"; let they categorize themselves if they want. I ask Beta M to remove it. JoaoRicardo 04:46, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Come one people, this is just ridiculous, read the page before commenting on it, i've already removed the list, and i've commented about the removal here (read it above). Beta_M talk, |contrib ( Ë-Mail )
 * ???? This is not intended as an attack or a rhetorical question, but I don't see that you've "removed the list." What I see at User:Beta m/Deletionaholics, now a redirect to "deletionoholics," is a list that names Xezbeth, Uncle G, and RickK and gives reasons for listing them. I believe it is "legal" but inappropriate to have this in your user space and I think it would be wise for you to remove it. Note that I voted "keep" above (under the nom-de-plume It's delightful, it's delovely, it's deletion) Dpbsmith (talk) 13:45, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Check the page history, or see below. It was restored by another user, not Beta m. Andrewa 21:22, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * How unpleasant. Thank you for checking the page history, Andrewa, which I should have done myself. My apologies to Beta M for any confusion I may have created by my comment. Dpbsmith (talk) 21:51, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Hey, teamwork. We only need it because we're all human. Andrewa 23:24, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I too see the list has returned, after being deleted. I think those on the list should feel free to remove their names, if they wish, and if added again then they can proceed with some sort of arbitration. I was actually thinking of adding my name. I've never actually been called a "deletionoholic" (just an old fashioned alcoholic, though that isn't true either), but if "frequently votes delete" (for shame, RickK, for shame!) is all it takes then I guess I fit the bill. I don't consider myself "deletionist", mostly because I think it's a stupid word. In fact, this whole thing is stupid, and I'm not going to cast any official vote, just my suggestion I mentioned. -R. fiend 14:12, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, and can I create a page User:R. fiend/List of people who vote to keep the shittiest of articles, voting without comment, and, I suspect, without having read the article in question? Not that I have any intention of doing so. Just wondering. -R. fiend 14:20, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You certainly can, but you probably mayn't and definitely shouldn't. Dpbsmith (talk) 17:05, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that's pretty much what I thought. -R. fiend 18:15, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I'd recommend commenting on the talk page instead, we are creating a terrible precedent IMO if we all start updating user pages without the user's permission. If you do update another user's page (and that's what a Wiki is for), please be very careful not to impersonate them, even accidentally. As an example of this, if you check the history, you'll see that the list was actually restored by another user, and of more concern they also restored the personal attack at the same time. You'll also see that the page move by the user broke the links here, partly as a result of the person who listed this on VfD not following the instructions (please read them). I think I've fixed it all now. Andrewa 21:09, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Preliminary Keep under the general principle of giving users broad leeway and control over their user space. I agree that inflammatory personal attacks are not acceptable, but I don't think this qualifies. (Expressing POV about other users does not IMO equate to attacks.) Even if it did qualify, though, I agree under this principle that the user should be asked to change it first. - Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ]  22:47, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Ironically, this attack if it was one was a lot milder than what several of Beta m's accusers regularly get away with, IMO. But two wrongs don't make a right. No change of vote. Andrewa 23:24, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Although I agree that at the time RickK made the nomination, this page was just personal attacks and deserving of deletion. Now it's just an example of illiteracy. BTW, I've voted Delete hundreds of times--why didn't I make 'the list' :/ . Niteowlneils 19:42, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I see no evidence of abuse on this page within user space, nor in its history log.  GRider\talk 18:51, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Spinboy 00:03, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Pyrola

Pyrola is a genus of evergreen herbaceous plants in the family Ericaceae. Under the old Cronquist system it was placed in its own family Pyrolaceae, but genetic research showed it belonged in the family Ericaceae. The species are commonly known as wintergreen, a name shared with several other related and unrelated plants (see wintergreen for details). They are native to northern temperate and Arctic regions.

They are rather small plants with a rosette of simple orbicular or ovate leaves, with a flower stem bearing generally rather lax racemes of simple white, cream or pink flowers. The immediate distinguishing feature of Pyrola species is the flower style which is often curved, sticks out beyond the petals and is expanded below the stigma which itself is branched into several lobes. To the casual observer the flower appears to have a small bell-clapper sticking out.

Distribution
They are distributed across northern temperate and arctic Europe, Asia and North America. In North America they also occur down the western mountains south to California.

Reproduction
Pyrolaceae, as part of the Ericales produce pollen in anthers which open by apical pores. The pollen itself is produced in tetrads and is rather sticky. Not surprisingly, wintergreens are insect pollinated, most commonly by flies. The rather large and complex stigma may be an adaptation to ensure that small insects carrying pollen have an attractive landing place. The flowers are produced in the summer and the rather inconspicuous greenish seed capsules are produced in the autumn. The seeds are numerous and very small.

Ecology
Wintergreens prefer damp and shady locations in woods or in dune slacks. They are often rather local in distribution but can be locally common especially in their more northern locations. Occurring often separately from the leaved varieties are the achlorophyllous, leafless forms of one or more of the typed species. Leaves, if present, can be narrow and reddish. These are myco-heterotrophs and feed parasitically off of one or more of the local mycelia. Because of this parasitic action, the viability of the non-photosynthetic pyrola relies on the survival of the supporting mycelium. The pyrola group is one of a select few that can live both photosynthetically or not. This differentiation is not understood and if deciphered could explain how other obligate non-photosynthetic forest dwelling plants have crossed that evolutionary threshold.

Captain George Vancouver's (1757-1798)botanist Archibald Menzies discovered four new pyrolas near Squirrel Cove, Cortes Island, BC with delicate pink or white flowers often with evergreen leaves. From Desolation Sound by Heather Harbord 1939 ISBN 978-1-55017-407-6

Pharmacology
Pyrola elliptica, commonly known as "shinleaf", contains a drug related to aspirin, and the leaves have been used to treat bruises. Its common name derives from its use in shin casting.

title: Pyrola


text: Category:1219 births

title: Category:1219 births


text:
Laff

Laff or LAFF may refer to:

Film and TV

 * Laff (TV network), digital multicast television network featuring comedy programming
 * Laff-A-Lympics, an American cartoon TV series
 * Latin American Film Festival, an annual film festival held in Utrecht, Netherlands
 * London Australian Film Festival, an annual film festival held in London, England
 * Los Angeles Film Festival, an annual film festival held in Westwood, Los Angeles, California, U.S.

Other uses

 * Laff Records, an independent record label
 * The Laff Stop, a comedy club in Houston, Texas, U.S.
 * Latin American Fisheries Fellowship, a program at the Bren School of Environmental Science & Management

title: Laff


text:
Hotelling's law

Hotelling's law is an observation in economics that in many markets it is rational for producers to make their products as similar as possible. This is also referred to as the principle of minimum differentiation as well as Hotelling's linear city model. The observation was made by Harold Hotelling (1895–1973) in the article "Stability in Competition" in Economic Journal in 1929.

The opposing phenomenon is product differentiation, which is usually considered to be a business advantage if executed properly.

Example
Suppose there are two competing shops located along the length of a street diverse running north and south, with customers spread equally along the street. Both shop owners want their shops to be where they will get most market share of customers. If both shops sell the same range of goods at the same prices then the locations of the shops are themselves the 'products'. Each customer will always choose the nearer shop as it is disadvantageous to travel to the farther.

One shop
For a single shop, the optimal location is anywhere along the length of the street. The shop owner is completely indifferent about the location of the shop since it will draw all customers to it, by default. However, from the point of view of a social welfare function that tries to minimize the distance that people need to travel, the optimal point is halfway along the length of the street.

Two shops: halfway

Hotelling's law predicts that a street with two shops will also find both shops right next to each other at the same halfway point. Each shop will serve half the market; one will draw customers from the north, the other all customers from the south.

Another example of the law in action is that of two takeaway food pushcarts, one at each end of a beach. If there is an equal distribution of rational consumers along the beach, each pushcart will get half the customers, divided by an invisible line equidistant from the carts. But, each pushcart owner will be tempted to push his cart slightly towards the other, moving the invisible line so that the owner is on the side with more than half the beach. Eventually, the pushcart operators will end up next to each other in the center of the beach.

Social optimum
It would be more socially beneficial if the shops separated themselves and moved to one quarter of the way along the street from each end — each would still draw half the customers but customers would, on average, make a shorter journey. However, neither shop would be willing to do this independently, as it would then allow the other to relocate and capture more than half the market.

Deviating assumptions
When people along the street, or along the range of possible different product positions, consume more than a minimum number of goods (i.e. have discretionary income), companies can position their products to sections where consumers exist to maximize profit; this will often mean that companies will position themselves in different sections of the street, occupying niche markets. When prices are not fixed, companies can modify their prices to compete for customers; in those cases it is in the company's best interest to differentiate themselves as far away from each other as possible so they face less competition from each other.

Political science
In a democracy, and especially in the American two-party system, political parties want to maximize the vote share allocated to their candidate. In theory, this means that political parties will adjust their platform to comply with the median voters' preferences. The Comparative Midpoints Model represents this idea best: Both political parties will get as close as possible to the competing party's platform while preserving its own identity. However, party primaries can complicate this dynamic and make the stable points harder to find.

Application
The street is a metaphor for product differentiation; in the specific case of a street, the stores differentiate themselves from each other by location. The example can be generalized to all other types of horizontal product differentiation in almost any product characteristic, such as sweetness, colour, or size. The above case where the two stores are side by side would translate into products that are identical to each other. This phenomenon is present in many markets, particularly in those considered to be primarily commodities, and results in less variety for the consumer.

An extension of the principle into other environments of rational choice such as election "markets" can explain the common complaint that, for instance, the presidential candidates of the two largest American political parties are "practically the same". The candidates elected during primaries are usually established figures within their own partisan camps. Electors in the middle of the political spectrum are more likely to be swing voters, and there is a tendency for the candidates to "rush for the middle" to appeal to this crucial bloc. The assumption is that people will choose the candidate with a closer ideology to their own, so that the most votes can be had by being directly in the center.

In real life
This phenomenon can be observed in real life, not just in commodity businesses like bars, restaurants, and gas stations, but even in large, branded chains:

 * McDonald's and Burger King
 * McDonald's and Jollibee in the Philippines
 * Alfamart and Indomaret in Indonesia
 * Target and Walmart
 * Lowe's and Home Depot
 * CVS and Walgreens
 * Whole Foods and Trader Joe's

title: Hotelling's law


text: Category:1221 births

title: Category:1221 births


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Laff

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE or REDIRECT. I'm going to redirect it to laugh. dbenbenn | talk 02:13, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Laff
Dictdef of a slang term. RickK 10:11, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gazpacho 10:19, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. jni 16:38, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to laugh I've seen this used as an alternate form of "laugh" for a long time, before its use on the internet. It seems to be used primarily in advertising, i.e. "lots of laffs". Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  16:54, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Laugh, I've seen this term used in comic books and cartoons years ago. Megan1967 01:43, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wiktionary. The article laugh deals with the physiological and psychological aspects of laughter, and I don't think it should include a reference to a special way some people have to write the word. JoaoRicardo 04:35, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect. -Sean Curtin 00:09, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * delete. Yuckfoo 01:06, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Laff


text:
Ossi and Wessi

Ossi and Wessi ( – "easterner"; – "westerner") are the informal names that people in Germany call former citizens of East Germany and West Germany before re-unification (1945–1990). These names represent the lingering differences between the two pre-reunification cultures, and Germany's popular culture includes many Ossi-Wessi-jokes and clichés. While some people in Germany may consider these names insulting, others regard them as part of the German culture.

There is also the name Besserwessi (besser meaning "better") which is a pun on Besserwisser ("know-it-all") and thus indicates a Wessi who feels superior to Ossis. Some former East Germans feel that former West Germans do not respect their culture and that East Germans were assimilated into West German culture, rather than the two cultures being united as equals. These people are sometimes called Jammerossis (jammer meaning complaining).This term was named German Word of the Year in 1991. Politically speaking, in the German Reunification East Germany was indeed incorporated into West Germany under existing West German law. This solution was taken in order to legally avoid the necessity of creating a new constitution as demanded by the West German "Grundgesetz".

Since the reunification, the term Wossi (a portmanteau of Ossi and Wessi) has been used to describe West Germans who after reunification have moved to the East. In 2019, Christian Bangel observed the growing political influence of Wossis in federal politics, as numerous politicians socialized in West Germany live in Potsdam. Examples include Federal Chancellor Olaf Scholz (born in Osnabrück, former Lord Mayor of Hamburg), Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock (born in Hannover) and AfD politician Alexander Gauland (born in Chemnitz, fled to Marburg, returned to Potsdam after reunification).

title: Ossi and Wessi


text: User:Zabek/Parashah chart

title: User:Zabek/Parashah chart


text: Category:1223 births

title: Category:1223 births


text:
User:Zabek/Parashat Terumah

Summary and Outline
Parashat Terumah (Exodus 25:1-27:19) begins the third major part of the book of Exodus, an elaborate section describing the construction of the Tabernacle (mishkan), its vessels, and the garments of its priests (chaps. 25-40). Within this third and last major part of Exodus there is only one major interruption to the topic of the Tabernacle: the sin of the Golden Calf, which will appear later in Parashat Ki Tissa (chaps. 32-34). Parashat Terumah is entirely devoted to the Tabernacle and its vessels, with no interruption to its theme.

The Tabernacle and its Vessels (chapters 25-26)
 * Preface: Contributions for the Tabernacle and its vessels (25:1-9)
 * Vessels of the Tabernacle (25:10-40)
 * The Ark (aron) and its Cover (kaporet) with Cherubs (25:10-22)
 * The Table (shulchan) of (25:23-30)
 * The Menorah (25:31-40)
 * The Tabernacle Itself (26)
 * Covers of the Tabernacle (26:1-14)
 * The Wooden Framework of the Tabernacle (26:15-30)
 * Conclusion: Layout of the Tabernacle (26:31-37)
 * The Partition (parokhet) between the Holy and Holy of Holies (31-34); Placement of the Ark, Table, and Menorah in the “Holy” (35); the Entrance Screen to the Tabernacle from the Courtyard (36-37).

The Courtyard (chazer) of the Tabernacle (27)
 * The Alter in the Courtyard (27:1-8)
 * The Courtyard (27:9-19)

For study and review purposes, Parashat Terumah divides naturally into two or three sections:
 * Two sections:
 * Rishon-Shelishi (54 verses; 25:1-26:14)
 * Revii-Shevii (42 verses; 26:15-27:19)
 * Three sections:
 * Rishon-Sheni (40 verses; ch. 25)
 * Shelishi-Revii (30 verses; 26:1-30)
 * Chamishi-Shevii (26 verses; 26:31-27:19)

Helpful Advice for Readers
Sheni has a particularly rich selection of teamim, making it an excellent example for learners.

title: User:Zabek/Parashat Terumah


text: Category:1224 births

title: Category:1224 births


text: Category:1229 births

title: Category:1229 births


text: Category:1232 births

title: Category:1232 births


text: User talk:69.231.123.244

title: User talk:69.231.123.244


text: Category:1234 births

title: Category:1234 births


text: Category:1237 births

title: Category:1237 births


text:
Okayama Broadcasting

Okayama Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (岡山放送株式会社) is a TV station broadcast in Okayama and Kagawa Prefectures. The abbreviation, OHK stands for Okayama Hoso K. K., the corporate name in romaji. It is a network affiliate of Fuji News Network (FNN) and Fuji Network System (FNS). The callsign is JOOH-TV.

History
OHK as founded on March 26, 1968, and began broadcasting on April 1, 1969 as a primary FNN and secondary NET/ANN affiliate for the city of Okayama. KSB also began broadcasting on that same date as a primary NET/ANN affiliate for northern Kagawa Prefecture. On April 1, 1979, the Okayama and Kagawa television markets were merged with each other; OHK dropped its secondary affiliation with ANN as it was now able to serve both prefectures.

The station began broadcasting in digital on December 1, 2006, and terminated its analog transmissions on July 24, 2011.

Programs

 * FNN Speak (FNNスピーク)
 * OHK Prime News (OHKプライムニュース)
 * Hashire! Gulliver-kun → Go! Go! Gulliver-kun (走れ!ガリバーくん → Go! Go!ガリバーくん, end)

title: Okayama Broadcasting


text:
An Teallach

An Teallach (Scottish Gaelic for 'the forge' or 'the anvil') is a mountain group in Wester Ross, in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It lies west of Dundonnell Forest, north of Loch na Sealga, and south of Little Loch Broom. Its highest peaks are the Munros of Bidean a' Ghlas Thuill at 1062 m (3484 ft), and Sgùrr Fiona at 1058 m (3473 ft).

The mountains are mostly made of Torridonian sandstone. Like the peaks around Torridon (for which the rock is named), An Teallach has terraced sides riven with steep gullies and a sharp rocky summit crest at Sgùrr Fiona. The steepest section, known as Corrag Bhuidhe, rises above Loch Toll an Lochain. Corrag Bhuidhe's most spectacular feature is an overhanging pinnacle known as Lord Berkeley's Seat.

Etymology
Teallach usually means a forge or hearth, but can also mean an anvil. It is suggested that the name came from the shape and colour of the mountains, along with smoke-like mist wreathing the pinnacles. Another suggestion is that tinkers had set up a forge in one of the mountain corries, or that a forge sat near the feet of the mountains (now a mountaineering club hut called the Old Smiddy).

Summits
An Teallach is a complex mountain massif, with ten distinct summits over 3,000 feet (914.4 m). From 1891 to 1981, only the highest of these, Bidean a' Ghlas Thuill, had the status of a Munro – a separate mountain over 3,000 feet. In 1981 the Scottish Mountaineering Club granted Munro status to Sgùrr Fiona, in recognition of its considerable topographic prominence (142 m) and distinct nature. The complete list of Munros and Tops (subsidiary summits appearing on Munro's Tables) is now as follows:

 * Bidean a' Ghlas Thuill 1062 m (3484 ft)
 * Glas Mheall Mòr 979 m (3212 ft)
 * Glas Mheall Liath 960 m (3150 ft)
 * Sgùrr Fiona 1058.6 m (3473 ft)
 * Corrag Bhuidhe 1040 m (3412 ft)
 * Lord Berkeley's Seat 1030 m (3379 ft)
 * Sgurr Creag an Eich 1017 m (3337 ft)
 * Stob Cadha Gobhlach 960 m (3150 ft)
 * Sàil Liath 954 m (3130 ft)
 * Corrag Bhuidhe Buttress 945 m (3100 ft) – deleted from Munro's Tables in 1997

Ascent routes
The simplest route of ascent is probably that from Dundonnell, which follows a good path over rising ground to reach the northern summit, Bidein a' Ghlas Thuill, a distance of about 6 km. From here the second summit, Sgurr Fiona, lies about 1 km to the southwest.

An alternative northern route heads up from Corrie Hallie, which lies about 4 km south of Dundonnell. This route, some 5 km in length, climbs steeply up the headwall of the corrie of Glas Tholl to reach the main ridge just north of Bidein a' Ghlas Thuill.

Both of the above routes, however, miss out the central section, for which An Teallach is best known. A route reaching the summits from the south starts from near Corrie Hallie. It then follows a track (later a path) southwest for about 5 km. Then it breaks off to the north, climbing the southern end of the ridge via a subsidiary summit known as Sàil Liath. Heading northwest towards the Corrag Bhuidhe buttresses a choice must be made. One may either scramble over them directly (including the crossing of Lord Berkley's Seat), or take the bypass path on the southwest side. This path is eroded in some places and should not be regarded as an easy option.

The winter traverse of the ridge is probably more demanding than that of Liathach or the Aonach Eagach.

title: An Teallach


text:
User talk:Kross07

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! SWAdair | Talk 10:32, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Pituitary autonoma
Could you provide a reference for this material, either online or hardcopy? I couldn't find anything about it online. I searched for "autonoma" in both medical dictionaries and in the OED, and found no matches. The closest matches were for autonomasy and antonomasia. The article had been marked for speedy deletion, but it doesn't qualify as a candidate for speedy deletion. Someone could, however, list it at Votes for deletion. I'll remove the Speedy tag and wait for your response before taking any further action. Thank you. SWAdair | Talk 10:47, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * It's a misspelling of pituitary adenoma, to which it is now a redirect. - Nunh-huh 17:34, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kross07


text: User talk:68.110.130.174

title: User talk:68.110.130.174


text:
Dundonnell and Fisherfield Forest

The Dundonnell and Fisherfield Forest covers a large mountainous area of Wester Ross in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland, lying between Loch Maree and Little Loch Broom. It is sometimes nicknamed The Great Wilderness, as the area is entirely devoid of permanent settlements.

Although termed a forest the area has very few trees. It is in fact a deer forest; an area maintained by the owners primarily for deer stalking. Three estates cover the principal area of the forest. Dundonnell Estate (134 km2) covers the northwest part of the forest, including the northwestern flanks of An Teallach, whilst Eilean Darach estate covers 262 km2 in the northeast, including the northeast flank of An Teallach. The majority of the area, including all the southern and central sections, forms the 323 km2 Letterewe estate.

Mountains
Three of the most famous mountains in the area are An Teallach, which lies to the southwest of Dundonnell, A' Mhaighdean, which rises northwest of Lochan Fada, and Slioch, which rises north of Loch Maree, near Kinlochewe. There is a bothy at Shenavall, and it is used occasionally by hill walkers crossing the area or to climb An Teallach.

Lochs and rivers
Fionn Loch is the largest in the forest proper. Other lochs include Loch na Sealga, Lochan Fada and Loch a' Bhraoin.

Rivers in the forest include the Dundonnell River, Gruinard River, Little Gruinard River and Uisge Toll a' Mhadaidh.

title: Dundonnell and Fisherfield Forest


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pronunciation of names in A Song of Ice and Fire

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge/redirect. This has been done. Joyous 01:31, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

Pronunciation of names in A Song of Ice and Fire
This is a list of suggested pronunciations, but due to circumstances mentioned in the article nothing is entirely sure. Original research, not encyclopedic. Should be article on book itself if at all kept. Mgm|(talk) 10:37, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * (I started this page.) I agree to some extend with the above arguments, and the page should certainly be more precise about the status quo of these suggestions. It is known that Mr. Martin was consulted about and has blessed the pronunciations of Mr. Dotrice on the audio book version, which lends some credence to them. I am looking for a quote from Martin to confirm this. Also, the pronunciations of Martin himself have been recorded and noted by very diligent listeners and can be considered stable and more or less canonical (though not to the degree of Tolkien's). The motivation to collect this information in a single spot is to make them accessible to readers outside the core fandom. -- That being said, the page in its current form could easily be merged with the List of characters in A Song of Ice and Fire. The reason to start a separate page was to allow for names of places as well. Thore 10:48, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge into List of characters in A Song of Ice and Fire. Propose a title change to "List of characters and places..." if you think it's important. — Asbestos | Talk 16:38, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per Asbestos. —Korath (Talk) 21:02, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge anything useable into List of characters in A Song of Ice and Fire. Megan1967 01:44, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge according to Asbestos' sugestion. JoaoRicardo 04:31, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Shouldn't it all be merged into the main article on the book. Merge into A Song of Ice and Fire. Mgm|(talk) 09:06, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * (I started the page.) Agreed with the suggestion of merging it into the main A Song of Ice and Fire page, and promptly done it. The main problem of sources that MacGyverMagic pointed out in the original VfD remained (and bugged by much more than the location of this information). I think I solved it by changing the list of pronunciations to explicitly present Roy Dotrice's in the audio books, rather than the received pronunciation that has been established in the fandom (even thought that happens to be the same, because Martin and Dotrice are friends and agreed on the pronunciation). Suddenly it's an objective list that can be verified against the audiobooks, edited, and extended. I am much happier with the status of the information now, mostly thanks to MGM's original objections. -- I am new to the deletion proces... what happens now? I moved the information to another page, so the VfD'd page can die. Am I supposed to do anything, or will that happen automagically? Thore 09:32, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.