text:
Transport network analysis

A transport network, or transportation network, is a network or graph in geographic space, describing an infrastructure that permits and constrains movement or flow. Examples include but are not limited to road networks, railways, air routes, pipelines, aqueducts, and power lines. The digital representation of these networks, and the methods for their analysis, is a core part of spatial analysis, geographic information systems, public utilities, and transport engineering. Network analysis is an application of the theories and algorithms of graph theory and is a form of proximity analysis.

History
The applicability of graph theory to geographic phenomena was recognized at an early date. Many of the early problems and theories undertaken by graph theorists were inspired by geographic situations, such as the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem, which was one of the original foundations of graph theory when it was solved by Leonhard Euler in 1736.

In the 1970s, the connection was reestablished by the early developers of geographic information systems, who employed it in the topological data structures of polygons (which is not of relevance here), and the analysis of transport networks. Early works, such as Tinkler (1977), focused mainly on simple schematic networks, likely due to the lack of significant volumes of linear data and the computational complexity of many of the algorithms. The full implementation of network analysis algorithms in GIS software did not appear until the 1990s, but rather advanced tools are generally available today.

Network data
Network analysis requires detailed data representing the elements of the network and its properties. The core of a network dataset is a vector layer of polylines representing the paths of travel, either precise geographic routes or schematic diagrams, known as edges. In addition, information is needed on the network topology, representing the connections between the lines, thus enabling the transport from one line to another to be modeled. Typically, these connection points, or nodes, are included as an additional dataset.

Both the edges and nodes are attributed with properties related to the movement or flow:
 * Capacity, measurements of any limitation on the volume of flow allowed, such as the number of lanes in a road, telecommunications bandwidth, or pipe diameter.
 * Impedance, measurements of any resistance to flow or to the speed of flow, such as a speed limit or a forbidden turn direction at a street intersection
 * Cost accumulated through individual travel along the edge or through the node, commonly elapsed time, in keeping with the principle of friction of distance. For example, a node in a street network may require a different amount of time to make a particular left turn or right turn. Such costs can vary over time, such as the pattern of travel time along an urban street depending on diurnal cycles of traffic volume.
 * Flow volume, measurements of the actual movement taking place. This may be specific time-encoded measurements collected using sensor networks such as traffic counters, or general trends over a period of time, such as Annual average daily traffic (AADT).

Analysis methods
A wide range of methods, algorithms, and techniques have been developed for solving problems and tasks relating to network flow. Some of these are common to all types of transport networks, while others are specific to particular application domains. Many of these algorithms are implemented in commercial and open-source GIS software, such as GRASS GIS and the Network Analyst extension to Esri ArcGIS.

Optimal routing
One of the simplest and most common tasks in a network is to find the optimal route connecting two points along the network, with optimal defined as minimizing some form of cost, such as distance, energy expenditure, or time. A common example is finding directions in a street network, a feature of almost any web street mapping application such as Google Maps. The most popular method of solving this task, implemented in most GIS and mapping software, is Dijkstra's algorithm.

In addition to the basic point-to-point routing, composite routing problems are also common. The Traveling salesman problem asks for the optimal (least distance/cost) ordering and route to reach a number of destinations; it is an NP-hard problem, but somewhat easier to solve in network space than unconstrained space due to the smaller solution set. The Vehicle routing problem is a generalization of this, allowing for multiple simultaneous routes to reach the destinations. The Route inspection or "Chinese Postman" problem asks for the optimal (least distance/cost) path that traverses every edge; a common application is the routing of garbage trucks. This turns out to be a much simpler problem to solve, with polynomial time algorithms.

Location analysis
This class of problems aims to find the optimal location for one or more facilities along the network, with optimal defined as minimizing the aggregate or mean travel cost to (or from) another set of points in the network. A common example is determining the location of a warehouse to minimize shipping costs to a set of retail outlets, or the location of a retail outlet to minimize the travel time from the residences of its potential customers. In unconstrained (cartesian coordinate) space, this is an NP-hard problem requiring heuristic solutions such as Lloyd's algorithm, but in a network space it can be solved deterministically.

Particular applications often add further constraints to the problem, such as the location of pre-existing or competing facilities, facility capacities, or maximum cost.

Service areas
A network service area is analogous to a buffer in unconstrained space, a depiction of the area that can be reached from a point (typically a service facility) in less than a specified distance or other accumulated cost. For example, the preferred service area for a fire station would be the set of street segments it can reach in a small amount of time. When there are multiple facilities, each edge would be assigned to the nearest facility, producing a result analogous to a Voronoi diagram.

Fault analysis
A common application in public utility networks is the identification of possible locations of faults or breaks in the network (which is often buried or otherwise difficult to directly observe), deduced from reports that can be easily located, such as customer complaints.

Transport engineering
Traffic has been studied extensively using statistical physics methods.

Vertical analysis
To ensure the railway system is as efficient as possible a complexity/vertical analysis should also be undertaken. This analysis will aid in the analysis of future and existing systems which is crucial in ensuring the sustainability of a system (Bednar, 2022, pp. 75–76). Vertical analysis will consist of knowing the operating activities (day to day operations) of the system, problem prevention, control activities, development of activities and coordination of activities.

title: Transport network analysis


text:
Talk:Twelve Swords of Power

If anyone has any further information to add RE: the Swords please feel free.

Current Status
I added a small note to each Sword as to it's current location as of the end of Shieldbreaker's Story. I wish there were a stronger template than just since this gives away a lot of information, but these are old books :) Kutulu 21:01, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Duh, nevermind. For some reason I was under the impression that at least Coinspinner was still active. Good thing I re-read Shieldbreaker's Story to make sure :) Kutulu 21:21, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Coinspinner
(and, on at least one occassion, leaving behind a gold coin bearing the image of Hermes)

Where does it say this?...if I recall correctly this is mentioned as a rumor started up by the people in one of the early books but it was actually untrue...

Jarwulf 00:33, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty sure this is what happened when it vanished from Mark's armory. I will have to go find a reference.  It's also possible I'm confusing this with Hermes's "buying back" the swords near the end of Book 3 from their current owners. Kutulu 07:59, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It definitely occurred in The Second Book of Swords. Mark and Ben were going to retrieve Coinspinner and Dragonslicer which they had hidden away years ago. Dragonslicer was in place, but Coinspinner had been replaced with the coin. At the Beginning of Woundhealer's Story, it's mentioned that a similar event is rumored to have taken place. There, however, the sword had simply disappeared without any exchange.

 * Having just finished reading the books today, can say with some certainty: the sword had been taken by hermes, who was collecting all the swords. he left a coin with his image on it when he takes dragonslicer from ben in The Second Book of Swords as well. So it would not be a mystical power on coinspinner's part to leave coins behind. L.cash.m (talk) 10:47, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

The Emperor
I don't recall any good evidence from the books that the Emperor is truly immune to any of the Swords. In the scene where he resheathes Soulcutter, there is pretty good evidence that he's weilding Woundhealer, which would act as an effective antidote to the other's effects.

I'm going to cut that part out for now. If anyone can offer evidence otherwise, they're free to re-instate it.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Twelve Swords of Power


text:
User talk:Unugy~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

22:06, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Unugy. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Unugy~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:28, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:06, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Unugy~enwiki


text:
Little Sister's Book and Art Emporium

Little Sister's Book and Art Emporium, also known as Little Sister's Bookstore, but usually called "Little Sister's", is an independent bookstore in the Davie Village/West End neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The bookstore was opened in 1983 by Jim Deva and Bruce Smyth, and its current manager is Don Wilson.

The bookstore is famous for being embroiled in a legal battle with the Canada Border Services Agency over the importation of what the agency has labeled "obscene materials". These materials, nearly all dealing with male-male or female-female sexuality, were routinely seized at the border. The same publications, when destined for mainstream booksellers in the country, had often been delivered without delay or question. Glad Day Bookshop, an LGBT bookstore in Toronto, has faced similar difficulties.

"... [A]lternative culture and lifestyles, including manuals and handbooks on safe sex (?!) were proclaimed indecent by someone who has no right to judge them in his/her bias/bigotry, which violates the anti-discrimination protection of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms guaranteeing equality of all Canadians. Not to mention that five out of ten provinces (plus one of the two territories) explicitly forbid discrimination based on sexual orientation."

Little Sister's filed their claim against the federal government in 1990, but the case stalled and was not heard until October 1994. The trial concluded in January 1996 with a judgment for the plaintiffs. The court found that Little Sister's shipments had been wrongly delayed or withheld due to the "systemic targeting of Little Sisters' importations in the Customs Mail Center."

In 2000, the case was heard in the Supreme Court of Canada. The court found that the customs has targeted shipments to the bookstore and attempted to prevent them from getting in. Consequently, the government was found to have violated section 2 of the Charter. However, the violation was justified under section 1. The case established that the onus of proving that expressive material is obscene lies with Canadian Customs.

The bookstore's travails were fictionalized as a subplot of the film Better Than Chocolate. A feature-length documentary film by Aerlyn Weissman, Little Sister's vs. Big Brother (2002), has also been released about the bookstore. Former manager Janine Fuller was also a coauthor with Stuart Blackley of the book Restricted Entry: Censorship on Trial, a non-fiction account of the Little Sister's battle, and wrote an introduction for Forbidden Passages: Writings Banned in Canada, an anthology of excerpts from some of the impounded works which was edited by Patrick Califia. Both books were published in 1995, and were awarded Lammys at the 8th Lambda Literary Awards ceremony in 1996. Additionally, the book What right?: Graphic interpretations against censorship addressed the court case in the form of a graphic novel, with proceed from sales of the book being donated to the Little Sister's Defense fund to assist with legal challenges with Canada Customs. The book features contributions from a number of comic artists including Alison Bechdel and Marc Bell.

The bookstore's co-owner, Jim Deva, died on September 21, 2014, at age 64. On December 23, 2019, Bruce Smyth, co-founder of Little Sister's, died at St. John Hospice at age 66.

title: Little Sister's Book and Art Emporium


text:
Category:Schools in Warwickshire

Schools located in the county of Warwickshire.

title: Category:Schools in Warwickshire


text:
Tubridy Tonight

Tubridy Tonight is a talk show hosted by Ryan Tubridy that aired on RTÉ One for five seasons between 2004 and 2009. The programme featured guest interviews (usually three per show), audience participation and live music from both a guest music group and the house band. Tubridy Tonight aired every Saturday night, except during the summer months, directly after the main evening news. The show's house musical act was Clint Velour and the Camembert Quartet.

Tubridy Tonight was the first successful Saturday night chat show to be broadcast by RTÉ since the ending of Kenny Live in 1999. The programme had regular viewing figures of 450,000, however, the show also regularly fell victim to so-called "Saturday Night Syndrome", with The Late Late Show, broadcast on Friday nights, frequently featuring supposedly better guests. In 2009 Tubridy Tonight came to an end when RTÉ announced that Tubridy would succeed Pat Kenny as host of The Late Late Show for the following series, with the presenter describing Tubridy Tonight as "quite the odyssey".

Background
Upon Gay Byrne's retirement from The Late Late Show in 1999, RTÉ announced that Pat Kenny, host of his own Saturday night chat show, would be Byrne's replacement. Kenny Live had aired since 1988 and had been a staple of the RTÉ schedule since the first series. The departure of Pat Kenny to the Friday night slot left a gap in the schedule. Saturday Live, a programme that had originally aired in the late 1980s and featured a different host every week, was revived as a replacement. The second coming of the show proved unpopular and was ended after only one series. Following the axing of Saturday Live RTÉ declined to produce a Saturday night chat show, instead favouring to show a film after the main evening news, labelled "The Big Big Movie". On 9 May 2004, RTÉ announced that Ryan Tubridy would host a new Saturday night chat show that coming autumn.

Tubridy Tonight made its debut on 16 October 2004 for an initial run of ten programmes. It featured Gráinne and Síle Seoige, Hector Ó hEochagáin and Royston Brady as the first interviewees. The programme received relatively good reviews, with Shane Hegarty of The Irish Times describing the show as having gotten off "to a ropey start but improved as it went along". Hegarty bemoaned the fact that the show was broadcast live as "it added nothing to the show apart from a weak caption competition for viewers and a distinct nervousness to the host." An element of the programme which included audience participation was described as a "meek replication of Graham Norton's old routine." The new chat show proved popular with audiences and, after the initial run of ten shows ended, another thirteen shows were commissioned thereby extending the first series.

Tubridy Tonight was broadcast from Studio 4 in the RTÉ Television Centre at Donnybrook, Dublin 4. That studio was also home to the show's Friday night rival The Late Late Show. As RTÉ's biggest, the studio holds 200 audience members.

Format
Tubridy Tonight was in RTÉ One's Saturday night slot from 2004 to 2009, having succeeded Kenny Live upon its demise in 1999. The show had an American-style feel about it with a house band, the Camembert Quartet, providing the theme music and introductory pieces befitting the guests. Similar to American chat shows, Tubridy Tonight had no opening titles and borrowed its informal bantering style from US entertainers such as David Letterman and Conan O'Brien. The studio was revamped for series five in 2008, with the addition of a staircase used by guests and a platform for the house band, although the library theme remained intact. The show followed a simple format. There were usually three interviewees as well as a musical guest. Tubridy may also have conducted a quiz or a game at his leisure with a member of the studio audience, an example being a game of charades based on the Academy Awards, and there also may have been a competition which, upon the show's imminent endage, consisted of a live call to a viewer who may or may not win a prize.

Incidents
Tubridy Tonight conducted the last live television interview with model and socialite, Katy French only two weeks before her death in suspicious circumstances. The interview took place on 24 November 2007 during the fourth season of the chat show. In 2008, it featured a live fight between chefs Kevin Dundon and Dylan McGrath over their styles of cooking; the duo were on the show to promote Guerrilla Gourmet. On 1 March 2008, Tubridy Tonight saw the first Irish television interview with Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová following their Academy Award-winning show the previous month. Hansard's mother brought the award to display to the nation. In February 2009, the show was subject to a hate campaign on social networking site Facebook.

Seasons one and two
Guests on the first two series' of the show included: Bob Geldof, Charles Dance, Bertie Ahern and Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny. Actress Brenda Fricker appeared with her Oscar and was shown playing drums with the house band. Former tennis player Pat Cash was shown playing guitar. Channel 4 newsreader Jon Snow sang The Beatles song "Hey Jude" and encouraged the audience to join in. Hollywood actor Richard E. Grant revealed his reason for appearing in Spiceworld: The Movie.
 * Interviews

Also appearing were: comedian Ardal O'Hanlon, Irish international rugby captain Brian O'Driscoll, snooker players Dennis Taylor and Steve Davis, former Emmerdale and Bad Girls actress Claire King, Coronation Street actress Sally Lindsay, actor Jimmy Nesbitt, supermodel Twiggy, Naked Camera actor Maeve Higgins (who revealed why she wanted to marry Eddie Hobbs), West Wing actor Martin Sheen, actress Julie Walters, comedian Ross Noble (Who climbed the prop bookcases and inspected the books to see if they were real, before ripping out a picture of Mike Yarwood on one page and wearing it as a mask and television personality Hector Ó hEochagáin.

Musical guests included: Blondie, The Human League (singing "Don't You Want Me") and Natalie Imbruglia (singing "Shiver").

Guests included:

As is standard with televised talk shows, each week an artist was invited to perform a musical composition. Irish musical groups to appear included:
 * Performances

Irish soloists invited to perform their musical compositions included:

Season three
International guests in season three included: David Hasselhoff (who entertained the audience with an impromptu version of "Unchain My Heart"), Jack Osbourne, Ainsley Harriott, Paul Burrell, Martin Sheen, Julie Walters, Wendy Richard, Joshua Jackson, Fionnula Flanagan, Andy Summers, Pete Burns, Joanna Lumley and Belinda Carlisle.

Season four
International guests in season four included: Christian Slater, Jennie Bond, David Gest, Sophie Dahl, Myleene Klass, Janice Dickinson, Barbara Windsor, Frank Vincent, Dominic Purcell, Kathleen Turner, Martin Freeman, Carol Vorderman, Patsy Palmer, Max Clifford, Geri Halliwell, Joe Elliott and Morgan Spurlock.

Season five
International guests in season five included: William Shatner, Henry Winkler, Roger Moore, Richard and David Attenborough (on separate occasions), Paul Gascoigne, Spandau Ballet and a then-unknown singer called Lady Gaga. Former president Mary Robinson also appeared, as did Gay Byrne. David Hasselhoff made a return appearance to mark the final episode, as Tubridy moved to Friday nights and The Late Late Show.

Christmas shows
In 2006, Tubridy began travelling beyond The Pale to host his annual special Christmas show.

Critique
A poll found that, within five months of Tubridy Tonight going on air, 38 per cent of adults preferred Tubridy on television, compared with 40 per cent opting for his main rival, Pat Kenny, with whom the show competed for guests. Tubridy Tonight and its host also won praise from the former host of The Late Late Show, Gay Byrne. This led to some ponderings as to why Tubridy was left with substandard "dull" guests that did not befit his talent. Some guests opted to be interviewed by Tubridy instead of by Kenny on The Late Late Show. Competition between the two shows was analogous to similar competition in a previous decade between Byrne and Kenny.

A 2008 survey by The Times concluded that almost $1/5$ of guests on RTÉ chat shows including Tubridy Tonight were RTÉ employees and associates. The survey did not include musical acts.

Online on RTE Player in 2022 for 60 Years of television.

title: Tubridy Tonight


text:
Talk:Sarah

Comment
The entry "Sarah" really means that im a 13 year old grandpa thats a girl with mental issues also know as: to start with a disambiguation page. I don't think most people think of the saint first when they think of the name Sarah. Somebody please help with this, I don't know how to set one up.

 * Done TimothyJacobson (talk) 03:45, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

I think sarah is not a "princess" but a ruler or governor. Sarah usally means "rival". In modern-days hebrew Sar is someone sitting in the Knesset (oposition), and sarah is the feemale form of sar. Other sources translate the meaning as "My Woman of High Rank".

The versions of The Bible I am familiar with do not indicate Abraham paid an "exhorbant price" for the burial "area". In fact it was offered for free if I recall.. He (Abraham) insisted on paying for it...

 * Semitic root Šarai or law. Like El has the sense power, authority, lord, deity, natural law, law.

 * The Egyptian handmaiden to Šarai law is Hagar as m [hotep] a phrase meaning in law (the doing of what is right and proper) is peace. The story sets the legal precedents for the ten commandments and establishes the relationships, father, husband, wife, sister, handmaiden in terms of an inheritance from the semitic Šarai law and the afroasiatic Egyptian law of Ma3t. The descendants of this union are represented by Israel and its reverence for the written law of the ten commandments and Ishmael with the vision of Hagar and the law of the Koran. Rktect 00:35, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

Is it true that Sarah is "the only woman whom God deemed worthy to be addressed by Him directly, all the other prophetesses receiving their revelations through angels (ib. xlv. 14)."? I have yo maammaaa but what about Eve's mamma? Didn't God arrest Eve directly in florida? I think there may also be other examples of God directly speaking to women in the Pentateuch.

The top is too long
We need to shorten the length of the top section. Right now we have to scroll an entire page before you reach the TOC.--  Max  Talk [ (add)] • Contribs • 05:53, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

"...after the laughter which Abraham had made when his son's birth was prophesied by the angel." It was Sarah who laughed, not Abraham. (Gen. 18:12) I will make a change to reflect this. Acantha1979 01:38, 6 June 2006 (UTC)Acantha

Actually, Abraham laughed too when he was first told, saying, "Will a son be born to a man a hundred years old? Will Sarah bear a chld at the age of ninety?" Genesis 17:17. So they both initially laughed. - Anonymous user, 03:36, January 2, 2011 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.128.204.110 (talk) 20:37, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

Citing sources?
Can you cite your sources for the last half of this article on the two facts? Seriously, I wish to know these websites and proof that you did not make them up or anything like that. By the way, I have discovered by four reliable websites that "Sarah" is a Hebrew name that is translated as noble or princess. I have proof and I will update this page as soon as I revive the URL again. Fishdert 14:21, 26 October 2006 (UTC)Fishdert

Here is one of the sites: Behind the Name's take on Sarah

Generally you will find that all semitic names have triliteral roots that go back to *proto semitic and Akkadian sources and then transform into Hebrew over millenia. ''' ENTRY: rr. DEFINITION: Common Semitic noun *arr-, prince, king. 1. Sarah, from Hebrew râ, princess, feminine of ar, prince. 2. sarsaparilla, from Arabic aras, colloquial variant of irs, bramble, from arasa, to be vicious, dissimilated from *araa, from arara, from arra, to be vicious, perhaps ultimately denominative from Semitic *arr-, prince. 3a. Sargon, from Hebrew sargôn, from Akkadian arru-kn, the king is true, legitimate, from arru, king (kn, true; see kwn); b. Belshazzar, from Hebrew blaar, from Akkadian bl-ar-uur, Bel protect the king, from ar, late form of arru, king (bl, Bel (Akkadian god), and uur, protect; see bcl and nr).'''

In the case of the name change from sarai to Sarah the root is shared with Šaria, a particularly vicious form of the law which punishes crime by cutting off the offending part of the body, if you steal you lose a hand, if you run away you lose a foot and so forth.

ENTRY: rc. DEFINITION: To set, set up, erect, prescribe. shari'a, from Arabic arca, law, from araca, to ordain, prescribe.

 * No. Shari'a contains the letter 'Ayin. It has nothing to do with the Hebrew root S-R.   —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.68.95.65 (talk) 19:02, 27 March 2009 (UTC)

Is it necessary to cite sources for the presence of Biblical allegory and wordplay
One thing you find throughout the wordsmithing of the Pentateuch is parable and allegory. Because this is the book of the law you have to be looking for that relationship. There are over 1 million such on the net. Rktect 13:32, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Don't you have to cite sources for everything? Vice regent 20:34, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

 * My personal opinion on that is that if a Biblical verse is given (ie Gen 3:11), then no, common sense should dictate that, whether the reader agrees with the point being made therein or not, they should still spot the wordplay. If, however, a reason is given for the wordplay, then the reason must be cited, as that is an opinion (same as any other book) TimothyJacobson (talk) 03:45, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

Islam
The first sentance in this section says that 'Abraham' is 'Ibrahim' in the Islamic tradition and then continually refers to the 'Abraham' instead of 'Ibrahim' within the context of the Islamic tradition. This seems wrong, but I do not know enough about the Islamic tradition to say that the change needs to take place.207.69.137.8 15:25, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
 * 'Ibrahim' is the Arabic term for Abraham; both words refer to the same person. Since this is the English wikipedia, the word Abraham is preferred, though Ibrahim is mentioned once just to clarify.VR talk 07:00, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

Half-sister?
What does half-sister mean? I thought Abraham pretended Sarah was his sister. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Sarah.html

unsigned comment added by 72.82.3.225 (talk) 22:37, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Just in case the above was a genuine question, see Half-sister -TimothyJacobson (talk) 03:47, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

Simple: she's both. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.254.197.250 (talk) 12:24, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Abraham claimed she was his sister in Genesis 12:13 and again in Genesis 20:2 (because it worked so well the first time...), making it sound like a deception. After King Abimelech had taken her, Abraham says 'And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife.', but this it to King Abimelech, so it's unclear whether this is true, or a deception. Apart from what Abraham says, the Bible doesn't say that Sarah is his sister. I, personally, think that Abraham is lying.--Jcvamp (talk) 04:59, 28 December 2010 (UTC)

I'd just like to add that Isaac (Abraham's son) does the same thing with his wife, Rebekah, and they weren't brother and sister. If Isaac can lie, why can't Abraham?--Jcvamp (talk) 05:49, 28 December 2010 (UTC)

I believe Genesis 11:29 refers to Milcah as being the daughter of Haran, not Sarai. ( King James follows ) "And Abram and Nahor took them wives: the name of Abram's wife was Sarai; and the name of Nahor's wife, Milcah, the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah, and the father of Iscah." So Sarai is not Abrams' neice, as stated in the "Sarah in the Bible" section. 52.129.8.47 (talk) 12:46, 5 January 2011 (UTC) DM

I'm assuming Sarah really was his half-sister and also his wife. However, he only mentioned the first bit, so that if the king wanted her he wouldn't feel the need to get rid of her husband (as he didn't know Abraham was her husband). He wasn't lying, but he was twisting the truth a lot in order to decieve. In the case of Isaac, I assume he realised the whole 'sister' thing worked with Abraham, so he copied it, but he wasn't then able to justify it by saying 'she is my sister, so I wasn't really lying...'86.151.0.212 (talk) 09:09, 16 October 2015 (UTC)
 * He was; Rebecca was his cousin, and cousins included among the term "sister" at the time. We may notice that he goes yet farther away, though.--2001:A61:2088:7401:DC50:FB24:B4DD:9256 (talk) 13:43, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

Christianity
I have cut this section completely. It was unsourced, comprised of two lines and, I am pretty sure, was referring to a different Sarah TimothyJacobson (talk) 03:49, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

The picture says Abraham hosted 3 angels. Many Christians actually believe otherwise, because Abraham bowed in worship of these 3, and reffered to them as one LORD (singular), not LORDS (plural).

Adding "Speculations on Hindu connections" section ?
Regarding "Speculations on Hindu connections" in Abraham article, maybe it should be worth mentioning that Abraham's wife was Sara and Brahma's wife was Saraswati. Shouldn't Saraswati speculation for Sara find place on this page naturally? 77.46.185.53 (talk) 00:56, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * No, as per our policies on original research and synthesis. Sorry. -- Avi (talk) 15:20, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Naturally. But, I never intended to propose something original. The very same Notes links 19 and 20 for Abraham can be used for Saraswati too. I just thought "somebody" will do the homework; I am not good in making articles. The link http://www.viewzone.com/abraham.html even says that identity of Abraham and Sara with Brahma and Saraiswati was first pointed out by the "Jesuit missionaries.(Vol. I; p. 387.)" So making the "Hindu connections" entry only for Abraham and not for Saraswati is only half the job done and seems awkward. 77.46.195.88 (talk) 21:27, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Wife or niece?
This article is very confusing... is Sarah alledgedly Abraham's WIFE or NIECE? Kateaclysmic (talk) 12:57, 6 January 2009 (UTC)

In answer to your question, she was both. The Bible says she was his half sister, though some people analyzing the geneology claim she was actually his niece. Yes, nowadays this would be considered incest, but back thousands of years ago it was very common. Remember that God did not command people to refrain from marriage to close family until Moses's time, when genetic diseases came around. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.128.204.110 (talk) 21:07, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Have I missed a passage in the Bible discussing genetic diseases? Dougweller (talk) 21:52, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

No, I don't think there are any passages about genetic diseases. What I meant was that one popular theory is that the reason behind inter-family marriage being considered normal in Abraham's day but being restricted in Moses's was the appearance of genetic diseases. God later strictly prohibited the union between siblings, half siblings, parent and child, aunt and nephew, uncle and niece, etc. (Leviticus 18). Sorry if I confused you. And by the way, sorry about not signing correctly before. I didn't know how to. --69.128.204.110 (talk) 20:50, 3 January 2011

 * Don't worry about the signing, you've figured it out now. I've never heard of this idea about genetic diseases - at least I don't think I have, does it link into Creationism in some way? But I think it's irrelevant here anyway. Dougweller (talk) 21:41, 3 January 2011 (UTC)

Leviticus 18 makes no mention of an interdiction for a man to marry his niece — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.67.134.156 (talk) 20:36, 9 March 2017 (UTC)

Yet another spurious Wikipedia etymology

 * I'm sorry, but this is really getting ludicrous. Now Wikipedia is claiming that the Hebrew word 'Sarah' is based on the same root as the Arabic 'Shariah', supposedly from a Semitic root 'law'. This is false. The Hebrew word "Sarah" means princess and is derived from a root meaning "to rule" or "to set in order" (see Gesenius). The Arabic word "shari'ah" meaning "the revealed law," is derived from shar' "revelation" and contains the guttural letter "Ayin", which is altogether lacking in "Sarah".
 * http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sharia
 * http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Sarah
 * I think it is time for Wikipedia to seriously start contracting experts to write its articles and develop some kind of peer-review process if it is interested in any kind of respectability. It is simply unacceptable that such a high-profile site should be so profusely littered with the most elementary mistakes.
 * —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.68.95.65 (talk) 18:57, 27 March 2009 (UTC)

Hard agree. See my comment, below. Sugarbat (talk) 00:52, 24 October 2019 (UTC)

Hard agree. See my comment, below. Sugarbat (talk) 00:53, 24 October 2019 (UTC)

Wouldn't it make more sense?
Entering "sarah" in the wikipedia search bar sends me here - wouldn't it make more sense for it to send you to the page for sarah as a given name with it linking to here? It seems a little religiously biased that entering a common given name should send you to a biblical character before giving you a choice of articles called or related to the name. Hanii (talk) 22:16, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

Hagar:Slave or Handmaiden?
I really do not know why is there a claim that states Hagar is Sara's slave in the Quran that is not mentioned at all nor in Islamic Traditions which leaves to the conclusion that this statement was taken from the bible and shouldn't be kept in a Islamic section Highdeeboy (talk) 16:32, 11 January 2010 (UTC)
 * no it does not say in the article that she is a slave, she was the handmaiden. you should read up on the hadiths. hagar was an egyptian princess who was given by her father (the king) to be a handmaiden of sarah, later sarah asked hagar to marry abraham.

What's the difference? A handmaiden would be a slave.86.151.0.212 (talk) 09:13, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

Lacking a Christian perspective
The article claims Sarah as this and that "in the Hebrew Bible and the Quran", without making mention of her role in the Christian Bible/religion. This is a particular oversight, because the text clearly draws on sources not present in the overlap between the Christian and Hebrew Bibles.

I grant that her role in Christianity is comparatively small; however, it is not so small that discounting her is allowable.

(I purposely do not alter this myself, because disentangling what is present in the Christian bible from what is present in the Jewish may require considerable knowledge of the texts.) 188.100.194.28 (talk) 20:14, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

Amendment: Following the link for hebrew bible, I see that I have misunderstood the term. The statement still stands, however, because the sources used appear to be largely Jewish, an outside of the Christian cannon. 188.100.194.28 (talk) 20:16, 23 January 2010 (UTC)
 * So we need some non-Biblical sources commenting on this. You could try finding those. Dougweller (talk) 20:51, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

Confusion between Biblical sources and Non-Biblical sources
This article inter-weaves material from the Bible and from other sources in its account of the life of Sarah. I think that most people who are interested in this topic would prefer that the main account on the life of Sarah be given solely based on the Bible, and then maybe there could be other sections in which information from non-Biblical sources are given. Basically, the whole article needs to be scrapped, and completely re-written. I'm certainly not up to the task, but I really hope that someone else reading this is. --75.66.122.223 (talk) 16:04, 13 February 2010 (UTC)

I agree. Almost all of the page that is supposedly a "Biblical account" consists of wild myths that have absolutely no Biblical basis. Abraham hiding Sarah in chest when they went to Egypt so Pharaoh wouldn't steal her? Sarah's death the result of the situation with Isaac and dying of either grief or joy? Her breastfeeding all the other children in the area to convince folks that she had given birth to Isaac? Come on. It almost seems like whoever wrote this was actually trying to make the Bible look like some book of urban legends. I have attempted to make corrections, but, despite my citing adequate sources, they keep getting reverted. Sarah is a fairly prominent Old Testament character. She is, in fact, the only woman whose age at death is recorded. There is enough detail in Genesis to fill an article, no need to relish in the previous mentioned myths. Would someone please give me an explanation as to why actual Biblical information is not being allowed to show? - Anonymous, January 2, 2011

 * Please stop blanking text you don't approve of. The article should be more than the biblical story. Yes, I've reverted statements such as " In one passage she and Issac are used to symbolize God's new covenant through the grace of Jesus Christ. " because the statement about the symbolism has no source. You've added similar statements with no sources, just your interpretation of biblical passages. That's what we call original research, see WP:OR. Dougweller (talk) 22:04, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

I thought I might mention one more thing if you don't mind. It's about the statements in the article linking her death to the time when Abraham was tested by being commanded to sacrifice Isaac. If you do the math, Isaac was thirty-seven when his mother died, but during the incident on Mt. Moriah, he was referred to as being "a boy" (Genesis 22:12), which would imply that he wasn't beyond his teenage years. I really don't think there was any connection between the two events. --69.128.204.110 (talk) 04:49, 8 January 2011 (UTC)

Citation mess
We've got difficult to understand cites in parenthesis, 'ib', etc. We also have as statements of fact at least one claim that should actually be attributed, ie to Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer. I don't know enough about this to fix it. Dougweller (talk) 07:28, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

Section About the Tomb
The brief description regarding her tomb is listed under the Islam category. I think it should be moved and discussed separately, as her burial is not exclusive to Islamic teaching. It is part of both Judaism and Christianity as well, and should be treated as such. Could someone please tell me how to make this minor rearrangement without the edit being reverted? --69.128.204.110 (talk) 04:35, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

I think you misunderstood the numbering:
 * (1) Sarah in the Bible
 * (2) New Testametn references
 * (3) In Islam
 * (4) Tomb of Sarah    ~ AdvertAdam  talk  07:27, 21 May 2011 (UTC)

I did not misunderstand the numbering; I was the one who moved Tomb of Sarah to have a separate section. At the time I posted the previous comment, it was only discussed under the category of In Islam. Thank you for taking the time to reply, though. --69.128.204.110 (talk) 23:05, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

Infobox
What is the rationale for having an infobox on this article, and why use Template:Infobox person for someone who is legendary? Jytdog (talk) 04:05, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Infobox are useful for both for historical figures and for legendary or literary figures. I would propose we use Template:Infobox religious biography instead, just as Abraham, uses. tahc chat 04:54, 10 September 2017 (UTC)
 * The question is why is it useful in this instance. If we use one, Template:Infobox character would be more appropriate since it is very unclear that she ever existed and if she did we have no data about her; this infobox avoids the whole birth/death date etc business that religious biography still invites. Jytdog (talk) 15:58, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

 * 1. Some literary character do have a definite birth date, such as Harry Potter (character), and Template:Infobox character still allows such data to be entered if there is consensus to do so.
 * 2. That Sarah is definitely legendary is merely your POV, a POV which I do not share, and it is not relevant to including or excluding the other data.
 * 3. Since you and I do agree than there is useful no data for a birth or death date, we can just add hidden comments to that we have consensus not to add any. tahc chat 16:55, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * The legendary nature of Sarah is the scholarly consensus view; not my opinion. Be very careful about how you represent others' views and do not assert your personal opinions about matters in Wikipedia -- we follow mainstream, reliable sources, not our opinions or beliefs. Jytdog (talk) 17:38, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * It is also better for you to be aware of your POV that deny that you have a POV. Furthermore-- while I do not whan to start a debate on what the mainstream scholarly consensus is-- I feel the need to point out that if this Sarah article does try to give a mainstream scholarly consensus view (somewhere) on Sarah status as legendary, that view seems to be really well hidden or disguised. For that reason, you come across as just assuming that your POV is also the mainstream scholarly consensus. tahc chat 18:22, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Happy to. Don't misrepresent what other people write and we will be fine. Jytdog (talk) 18:14, 11 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Also your understanding of the character birthdate in the "character" infobox is incorrect. There is actually an editing comment in the Harry Potter article telling people not to abuse one of the optional fields to add that, and there is discussion here about that abuse of the template. So no, adding birthdate is not OK in this template. Jytdog (talk) 17:41, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Even thou there is a some places over at Template talk:Infobox_character, that say not to add birthdates with the template. A: There is still-- as I said before-- the technical ability to do this this, subject only to consensus. B: It is much better to say here at the Sarah Infobox "Do not add birth or death dates" than to expect people to only read it over at the Template talk:Infobox_character page. tahc chat 18:09, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Yep and that is true of everything in WP. Editors can write anything in Wikipedia. An editor can fill a page with "cows like to eat grass" if they want.  We count on people to do what they should do, and the consensus is clear that birthdates should not be added to character infoboxes so it can be reverted with no drama, if someone does what they can instead of what they should. Jytdog (talk) 18:14, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * You seem to be avoiding my point here by merely making a bunch of obvious statements. tahc chat 18:25, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Please indent your replies per convention. This is the second time i have had to fix them.  No, I am responding directly what you said, which was that people can enter the birthdate. Jytdog (talk) 01:02, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * How about using the Template:Infobox saint instead without the birth and death dates, after all Sarah is one of the prophets honoured or venerated in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Hushskyliner chat 07:45, 12 September 2017 (UTC)

The box

 * While both Jytdog and I find the birth and death dates in your last version of the infobox to be ill-suited to the page, a third point of view would be useful on this this version of the infobox. tahc chat 18:34, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Then why can't we simply use the Template:Infobox saint instead of the Template:Infobox person or even the Template:Infobox character because Sarah is venerated or honoured in Judaism, Christianity and Islam as a prophet and matriarch. Hushskyliner chat 07:45, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Sarah is not called a saint in Judaism or Islam. A great much of Christianity also does not call her a saint, per se, so it would seem to cause more problems than it solves. tahc chat 15:32, 12 September 2017 (UTC)

Sloppy writing
If no one wishes to volunteer for the task (ideally at least a biblical scholar, which I am not), I’m extremely likely to come back here soon and straighten this article up. As of this date, the overall syntax and style (at least) bear little resemblance to anything encyclopedic. This is fair warning/invitation to all scholars and copy editors. Sugarbat (talk) 00:51, 24 October 2019 (UTC)

Isaac is the son of a servant of Sarah, not Ishmael.
1- Egyptian law at the time prevented a foreigner from owning Egyptian slaves. It is more likely that Abraham married Hagar after Sarah was taken as a concubine in Egypt.

2- The Egyptians viewed themselves as superior to nomadic groups traveling through their domain and would not have transferred an Egyptian into the custody of such groups (this is confirmed by the fact that the Egyptian officers did not even discuss with Abraham the matter of Sarah being taken as captive, they did so without any regard).

3- It is more fitting that there was tension between Hagar and Sarah that intensified with Hagar’s Son. Sarah was already over 90 years and could not bare children (may be a result of her being a concubine for a time), this led her to choose one of the servant girls within Abraham’s camp to provide a son by Abraham but is claimed by Sarah as her own. This child is Isaac.

4-The biblical story of Ishmael being the son of the handmaid probably was twisted after the first century and the Roman sacking of Jerusalem and the subduing of the Jews. The identity of the real mother of Isaac whom was the handmaid of Sarah is unknown just as the identity of the mother of Sarah is unknown (Sarah is the sister of Abraham but by another mother).

There are many many more points that refute the biblical story. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.126.244.19 (talk • contribs)

 * Wikipedia does not assume that it would be real history, instead of mythology.
 * No WP:SOURCES, no edits. As simple as that. tgeorgescu (talk) 10:48, 28 June 2021 (UTC)

 * You are the one trying to grant it historicity, not me. It's a myth and in myths anything can happen. So I do not know how could you refute a mythical claim. tgeorgescu (talk) 19:10, 28 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Not everyone considers it a myth, so I present the logical claim that Isaac was the son of an unknown servant girl in Abraham's camp that agreed to bare a child for both Abraham and Sarah. Sarah may have been the daughter of the handmaid of Abraham's mother as well.  Also, Jacob (Israel) himself had 4 children by 2 Handmaids from his camp (that's 4 out the 12 heads of the tribes of Israel).--24.126.244.19 (talk) 06:45, 29 June 2021 (UTC)

 * According to WP:NOR, we are not interested in your logical claim. It does not belong inside Wikipedia. tgeorgescu (talk) 21:08, 29 June 2021 (UTC)

 * It is not my claim. This is what I've always known and what I've been told.  It appears to be logical to me.  This is no different than the claims found in the old testament, they do not necessarily represent the truth, they are simply pieces of information recorded by unknown individuals.  When examining the story of Sarah and Hagar, there seems to be many problems and what appears to be an intentional fabrication.  Perhaps we can find a way to add this different aspect to the story of Sarah and Hagar even if its only for the purpose of being educational.  People that are interested in history and religion should be exposed to different views and not just a single one sided and perhaps biased source.  This is what propaganda is, ancient texts not excluded.--24.126.244.19 (talk) 04:41, 30 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Find a WP:SECONDARY WP:RS if you want to edit the article. I'm not giving you a choice. We won't change the WP:RULES just because of your hearsay.
 * Your argument is as pointless as debating whether Zeus was the real father of Hercules. tgeorgescu (talk) 15:42, 30 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Just like the story of Sarah according to the old testament started out as hearsay that was recorded by an unknown centuries ago is considered fact by some today, the story of Isaac being the son of the Handmaid servant carries the same amount of validity. The story of Isaac's descent as the son of one of Abraham's servants refutes the biblical story whither its myth, hearsay or claimed to be true and it must become common knowledge to everyone that is familiar with the old testament's claim concerning Sarah and Hagar.--24.126.244.19 (talk) 01:26, 1 July 2021 (UTC)

 * Find a WP:RS or be gone from here. Closing. tgeorgescu (talk) 15:57, 1 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sarah


text: Template:Regions of Norway

title: Template:Regions of Norway


text: User talk:82.32.60.16

title: User talk:82.32.60.16


text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/January 28

The sentence (and probably the image of Antarctica like the one in the section January 30) Russian expedition lead by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev approached the Antarctic coast should be included in the section 28 January 1820, because: Cmapm 22:12, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Russian sources claim, that the first to discover Antarctica was the expedition mentioned above.
 * the sentence Edward Bransfield of the Royal Navy landed on the mainland of Antarctica about Edward Bransfield, who is claimed first to discover Antarctica by Great Britain's sources is included in the section 30 January 1820.

 * Thanks for the suggestion. The line on Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen has a good chance of bumping off the line on Finnish Civil War from the 'Selected anniversaries' template.  Let's check back in about 355 days.  We'll see what other good Wikipages will be available to feature on the MainPage then.  :-)  -- PFHLai 01:38, 2005 Feb 2 (UTC)
 * P.S. History of Antarctica may need to be cleaned up a bit to clarify the issue of "who got there first".

 * History of Antarctica clarified a bit.Cmapm 01:04, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

January 28, 1077
I strongly suggest adding the Walk to Canossa to this anniversary: "*1077 - Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV kneels before Pope Gregory VII in the fortress at Canossa and is readmitted into the Catholic Church." It's hard to overestimate the historic significance of this event, since it has defined the position of the Roman Catholic church as a worldly power throughout the centuries. A ecis Bravado 01:20, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Challenger
I would say that the Challenger disaster should be listed. It is a highly notable event which occurred on 28 January 1986. -- GW_SimulationsUser Page 23:55, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

I completely agree. As an event it was quite significant and I feel that it deserves a far greater priority of recognition than some of the other "on this day" articles. -BC —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.190.86.142 (talk) 11:25, 28 January 2011 (UTC)

January 28, 1938
An issue needs to be brought to your attention.

The listing for 1938 says "1938 - The first ski tow in America begins operation in Vermont." Go to the "ski tow" Wikipedia page to read "The first ski tow was apparently installed in 1933 by Alec Foster at Shawbridge in the Laurentians outside Montreal, Quebec," which is in North America. If you mean, "in the United States," that Wiki goes on to say: "It was quickly copied at Woodstock, Vermont in New England in 1934...." It can have happened in 1934 or 1938, but it can't be both. And, if you mean US, say US, not America. Thanks.4.249.186.20 01:08, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

January 28, 1958
I believe that Charles Starkweather and Caril Ann Fugate killed C. Lauer Ward, his wife and his maid today, rather than began their murder spree... while the bodies weren't discovered until later, those killings happened on the 21st, I believe... anyone know for sure?

Perspectivist (talk) 15:51, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:12, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Katowice Trade Hall roof collapse
 * Omitted: Walk to Canossa (ineligible—maintenance), Edward VI of England, List of weather records, Speed limit, Space Shuttle Challenger disaster (ineligible—maintenance)
 * Included: Trajan (first appearance), Pride and Prejudice (2nd appearance, last in 2009), 1964 T-39 shootdown incident (first appearance), Tropical Storm Domoina (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Choudhry Rahmat Ali (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 09:01, 27 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Trajan; Pride and Prejudice (ineligible—Reception history of Jane Austen is TFA for 2013); 1964 T-39 shootdown incident; Tropical Storm Domoina
 * Included: Edward VI of England (4th appearance, last in 2011); Alexander Island (first appearance); Knickerbocker Theatre (Washington, D.C.) (first appearance); James L. Dozier (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Choudhry Rahmat Ali/Pakistan Declaration (Ali: 3rd consecutive appearance, 3 total; Declaration: first appearance; 80th anniversary)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:30, 27 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Edward VI of England; Alexander Island; Knickerbocker Theatre (Washington, D.C.); Choudhry Rahmat Ali/Pakistan Declaration; James L. Dozier
 * Included: Walk to Canossa (5th appearance, last in 2011; rescued from Ineligible); Bal des Ardents (first appearance); Horace Walpole (2nd appearance, last in 2010); 1964 T-39 shootdown incident (2nd appearance, last in 2012; 50th anniversary); Tropical Storm Domoina (2nd appearance, last in 2012; 30th anniversary)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:29, 27 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Bal des Ardents; Horace Walpole; 1964 T-39 shootdown incident; Tropical Storm Domoina
 * Included: Trajan (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Alexander Island (2nd appearance, last in 2013); Choudhry Rahmat Ali/Pakistan Declaration (Ali: 4th appearance, Deeclartion: 2nd appearance, both last in 2013); James L. Dozier (2nd appearance, last in 2013)
 * Repeats: Walk to Canossa (2nd consecutive appearance, 6 total)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 08:01, 26 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Speed limit (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Trajan; Walk to Canossa (ineligible—maintenance); Alexander Island; James L. Dozier
 * Included: Edward VI of England (5th appearance, last in 2013); Horace Walpole (3rd appearance, last in 2014); Lego (first appearance; rescued from Ineligible); Tropical Storm Domoina (3rd appearance, last in 2014)
 * Repeats: Choudhry Rahmat Ali/Pakistan Declaration (both: 2nd consecutive appearance; Ali: 5 total; Declaration: 3 total)

 * We have been criticised on the Help Desk for omitting the Challenger disaster 30th anniversary. (See above for two others who though it should be considered in previous years.)    D b f i r s   20:42, 28 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Challenger disaster is ineligible and has been for several years due to maintenance issues. — howcheng  {chat} 08:22, 29 January 2016 (UTC)

End of Rashidun Caliphate
A new blurb is added regarding the end of Rashidun Caliphate by assassination of Ali. I suggest to consider its inclusion for 2017. Mhhossein (talk) 06:50, 24 June 2016 (UTC)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:51, 28 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Horace Walpole; Choudhry Rahmat Ali; Tropical Storm Domoina
 * Included: Knickerbocker Theatre (Washington, D.C.) (2nd appearance, last in 2013; 75th anniversary); 1977 Blizzard (first appearance; 40th anniversary)
 * Repeats: Bal des Ardents (2nd consecutive appearance, 3 total); Alexander Island (3rd consecutive appearance, 4 total); Lego (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 18:05, 29 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Edward VI of England (maintenance); James L. Dozier (maintenance)
 * New articles (unused): Harrying of the North
 * Omitted: Bal des Ardents; Alexander Island (moved to January 27 and retargeted to Antarctica); Knickerbocker storm/Knickerbocker Theatre (Washington, D.C.); 1977 Blizzard
 * Included: Edict of Torda (first appearance; 450th anniversary); Pride and Prejudice (3rd appearance, last in 2012; rescued from Ineligible); Pakistan Declaration (4th appearance, last in 2016); Tropical Storm Domoina (4th appearance, last in 2016); Paul Luther (first appearance); Colette (first appearance); STS-51-L (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Lego (3rd consecutive appearance, 3 total; 60th anniversary)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 17:58, 28 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Harrying of the North (date not certain); Blizzard of '77 (maintenance)
 * New articles (ineligible): George S. Boutwell (POTD for 2019); Paul Henderson (TFA for 2019)
 * Omitted: Edict of Torda; Pride and Prejudice; Tropical Storm Domoina; Paul Luther; Colette; STS-51-L
 * Included: Edward VI of England (5th appearance, last in 2013; rescued from Ineligible); Horace Walpole (4th appearance, last in 2016); 1980s oil glut (first appearance); Gregor Werner (first appearance); Monty Noble (first appearance); Helen Sawyer Hogg (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Pakistan Declaration (2nd consecutive appearance, 5 total); Lego (4th consecutive appearance, 4 total)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 17:09, 29 January 2020 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Yue Fei (moved from January 27)
 * Omitted: Edward VI of England; Horace Walpole/Serendipity; Lego; 1980s oil glut; Gregor Werner; Monty Noble; Helen Sawyer Hogg
 * Included: Harrying of the North (first appearance; rescued from Ineligible); Bal des Ardents (4th appearance, last in 2017); Pride and Prejudice (4th appearance, last in 2018); 1964 T-39 shootdown incident (3rd appearance, last in 2014); George S. Boutwell (first appearance); Kathleen Lonsdale (first appearance); Paul Henderson (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Pakistan Declaration (3rd consecutive appearance, 6 total)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:53, 30 January 2021 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Jasraj
 * New articles (ineligible): Yazid II (date not certain)
 * Omitted: Harrying of the North; Bal des Ardents; Pride and Prejudice; 1964 T-39 shootdown incident; George S. Boutwell; Kathleen Lonsdale; Paul Henderson
 * Included: Yue Fei (6th appearance, last in 2019); Edict of Torda (2nd appearance, last in 2018); Lego (5th appearance, last in 2019); 1980s oil glut (6th appearance, last in 2019; 40th anniversary); Paul Luther (2nd appearance, last in 2018); Gregor Werner (2nd appearance, last in 2019); Helen Sawyer Hogg (2nd appearance, last in 2019)
 * Repeats: Pakistan Declaration (4th consecutive apperance, 7 total)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 04:39, 29 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Deleted: STS-51-L (Challenger explosion is a Featured Article now)
 * Omitted: Yue Fei; Edict of Torda; Pakistan Declaration; Lego; 1980s oil glut; Paul Luther; Gregor Werner; Helen Sawyer Hogg
 * Included: Bal des Ardents (5th appearance, last in 2020); Edward VI (6th appearance, last in 2019); Pride and Prejudice (5th appearance, last in 2020); Knickerbocker storm/Knickerbocker Theatre (Washington, D.C.) (Storm: first appearance; Theatre: 3rd, last in 2017; 100th anniversary); Tropical Storm Domoina (5th appearance, last in 2018); Joan II of Navarre (first appearance); Johannes Hevelius (first appearance); Reynaldo Hahn (first appearance)


text:
Category talk:High schools in the United States

Suggestion
I think all of the schools should be moved to their respective State categories, such as.

"Convention War"
Is Category:High schools in Washington, DC right, or is Category:High schools in the District of Columbia right?

 * I think it's supposed to be District of Columbia because it is the same level as the states, such as Illinois. Washington, DC, would be the same level as Chicago, IL. 68.72.134.77 23:04, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Notable High Schools
Should there be a list in a category or article of U.S. high schools that have become nationally famous (or infamous) for whatever reason, such as Columbine High or Little Rock Central High?


text:
Category:Schools in West Sussex

Schools located in West Sussex.

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Schools in West Sussex


text: Category:High schools in Florida

title: Category:High schools in Florida


text:
Steam-powered aircraft

A steam-powered aircraft is an aircraft propelled by a steam engine. Steam power was used during the 19th century, but fell into disuse with the arrival of the more practical internal combustion engine at the beginning of the pioneer era.

Steam power is distinct from its use as a lifting gas in thermal airships and early balloons.

History

 * 1842: The Aerial Steam Carriage of William Samuel Henson and John Stringfellow was patented, but was never successful, although a steam-powered model was flown in 1848.
 * 1852: Henri Giffard flew a 3-horsepower (2 kW) steam-powered dirigible over Paris; it was the first powered aircraft.
 * 1861 Gustave Ponton d'Amécourt made a small steam-powered craft, coining the name helicopter.
 * 1874: Félix du Temple flew a steam-powered aluminium monoplane off a downhill run. While it did not achieve level flight, it was the first manned heavier-than-air powered flight.
 * 1877: Enrico Forlanini built and flew a model steam-powered helicopter in Milan.
 * 1882: Alexander Mozhaisky built a steam-powered plane but it did not achieve sustained flight. The engine from the plane is in the Central Air Force Museum in Monino, Moscow.
 * 1890: Clément Ader built a steam-powered, bat-winged monoplane, named the Eole. Ader flew it on October 9, 1890, over a distance of 50 m, but the engine was inadequate for sustained and controlled flight. His flight did prove that a heavier-than-air flight was possible. Ader made at least three further attempts, the last two on 12 and 14 October 1897 for the French Ministry of War. There is controversy about whether or not he attained controlled flight. Ader did not obtain funding for his project, and that points to its probable failure.
 * 1894: Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim (inventor of the Maxim Gun) built and tested a large rail-mounted, steam-powered aircraft testbed, with a mass of 3.5 LT and a wingspan of 110 ft in order to measure the lift produced by different wing configurations. The machine unexpectedly generated sufficient lift and thrust to break free of the test track and fly, but was never intended to be operated as a piloted aircraft and so crashed almost immediately owing to its lack of flight controls.
 * 1896: Samuel Pierpont Langley successfully flew unpiloted steam-powered models.
 * 1897: Carl Richard Nyberg's Flugan developed steam-powered aircraft over a period from 1897 to 1922, but they never achieved more than a few short hops.
 * 1899: Gustave Whitehead built, and was purported to have flown, a steam-powered airplane in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Stoker/passenger Louis Darvarich was said to have been injured when the plane crashed into an upper story of an apartment building. Whitehead later claimed to have flown a steam aircraft in Hartford, Connecticut, and to have been visited by one of the Wright brothers well before 1903. Mainstream aviation historians remain unconvinced of the Whitehead claims. The flights have never been verified satisfactorily; there are no photographs, news stories, or other media from 1899 to confirm them. Likewise, the supposed visit of the Wright brothers to Whitehead is apocryphal; other than affidavits taken over thirty years after the fact, there is no evidence the visit ever happened.
 * 1902 Lyman Gilmore claimed in 1927 to have flown a steam-powered aircraft on 15 May 1902. The flight was unconfirmed.
 * 1920: The Bristol Tramp was to have been a steam-powered aeroplane, but the turbine was over-powered, and the construction of a reliable boiler and condenser circuit was problematic.
 * 1931 Harry Crossland Pfaff of Chicago designed and made a steam-powered aircraft. It was to be test flown by round-the-world aviator Clyde Pangborn. There is no record of the flight being made. TravelAir2000SteamDriven1933.png
 * 1933: George D. Besler and William J. Besler's prototype steam biplane, based on a Travel Air 2000, flew several times at Oakland airport. It was powered by a two-cylinder, 150 hp double-expansion V-twin reciprocating engine weighing about 500 lb, designed by the Doble Steam Motors Company and Besler. and was capable of STOL operation due to the ease of reversing the thrust. Several others were working on steam-powered flight at the time. Harold C. Johnson of Akron, Ohio, had made a 146 lb steam engine for an aircraft in autumn 1932. The Great Lakes Aircraft Company of Cleveland, Ohio, was working on a steam-powered biplane. A Paris mechanic developed a light steam-powered engine for aircraft. Swedish steam turbine engineers were working on an aircraft engine, and G. A. Raffaelli, an Italian aeronautical engineer, published a paper in 1931 on a steam-powered engine for stratospheric flight.
 * 1934: Newspapers of the time reported a steam-powered aircraft designed by a Mr Huettner, Chief Engineer of the Klingenberg Electric Works in Berlin, that used revolving boiler combined with a steam turbine. The plane was reported to have a design speed of 260 mph and be capable of 60 to 70 hours non-stop flight. The Berlin reporter of the Czechoslovak Prager Tagblatt, who wrote the article, was arrested, and no more was heard of the project.
 * 1938: A British company, Aero Turbines Limited, designed a steam turbine engine similar to Huettner's. The company ceased to exist in 1948.
 * 1944: A steam-powered version of the Messerschmitt Me 264, an Amerika Bomber was hypothesized but never constructed. It was to be powered by a steam turbine developing over 6000 hp while driving a 5.3 m-diameter propeller. The fuel would have been a mixture of powdered coal and petroleum. It seems that the steam turbines would have had an SFC of 190 gr/hp/hr. The main advantages of this powerplant were considered to be that it produced consistent power at all altitudes and required low maintenance.
 * 1960s: Conceptual drawings were made for Don Johnson of Thermodynamic Systems Inc., Newport Beach, California, of a steam engine to be installed in a Hughes 300 helicopter. The steam engine was a compact cylindrical double-acting uniflow (similar in layout to the Dyna-Cam Aero engine), but no prototype was ever made by Controlled Steam Dynamics, Inc.

title: Steam-powered aircraft


text: Category:Cycling stubs

title: Category:Cycling stubs


text:
Tokay gecko

The tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) is a nocturnal arboreal gecko in the genus Gekko, the true geckos. It is native to Asia and some Pacific Islands.

Etymology
The word "tokay" is an onomatopoeia of the sound made by males of this species. The common and scientific names, as well as the family name Gekkonidae and the generic term "gecko" come from this species, too, from ge'kok in Javanese, corresponding to tokek in Malay.

Subspecies
Two subspecies are currently recognized:
 * G. g. gecko (Linnaeus, 1758) occurs in tropical Asia from northeastern India to eastern Indonesia.
 * G. g. azhari (Mertens, 1955) is found only in Bangladesh.

Distribution and habitat
This species is found in northeast India, Bhutan, Nepal, and Bangladesh; throughout Southeast Asia, including Cambodia, Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and Indonesia; and toward western New Guinea. Its native habitat is rainforests, where it lives on trees and cliffs, and it frequently adapts to rural human habitations, roaming walls and ceilings at night in search of insect prey. This is an introduced species in some areas outside its native range. It is established in Florida in the United States, Martinique, the islands of Belize, and possibly Hawaii. Increasing urbanization is reducing its range.

Whether the species is native but very uncommon in Taiwan or whether the rare reports of individuals since the 1920s are based on repeated anthropogenic translocations that may or may not have resulted in established populations by now is unclear.

Physical characteristics
The tokay gecko is a large nocturnal gecko, reaching a total length (including tail) of 10 - 12 in on average, but some grow as large as 16 in long. It is believed to be the third-largest species of gecko, after the giant leaf-tail gecko (Uroplatus giganteus) and New Caledonian giant gecko (Rhacodactylus leachianus). It is cylindrical, but somewhat flattened in body shape. The eyes have vertical pupils.

The skin is soft to the touch and is generally blue-gray with red or orange spots and speckles, but the animal can change the color of its skin to blend into the environment. The species is sexually dimorphic, with the males being more brightly colored and slightly larger than females. They have two visual pigments: a “green” with λmax at 521 nm and a “blue” at 467 nm.

It is a strong climber with foot pads that can support the entire weight of its body on a vertical surface for a long period of time. Compared to other gecko species, the tokay gecko has a robust build, with a semiprehensile tail, a large head, and muscular jaws.

Behaviour
Tokay geckos are generally aggressive and territorial, and can inflict a strong bite. Though common in the pet trade, the strong bite of the tokay gecko makes it ill-suited for inexperienced keepers. In addition, the strength of the bite depends on the gecko's size; larger (usually male) tokay geckos are capable of piercing skin, which often results in immediate bleeding.

Females lay clutches of one or two hard-shelled eggs and guard them until they hatch.

Diet
The tokay gecko feeds on insects and small vertebrates. In captivity, they usually feed on springtails, mealworms, cockroaches, crickets, grasshoppers, locusts, and pink mice. In a study conducted in Thailand, researchers noticed little variation in the diets of males, females, and juveniles, which was likely due to low insect availability in this area. In Southern Florida, roaches, caterpillars, spiders, and beetles were the most numerous taxa present and common to the greatest number of stomachs.

Call
The male's mating call, a loud croak, is variously described as sounding like token, gekk-gekk, tuck-too, túc-key, tou-kay or tokay. Most of the time, the call is often preceded by a quick "cackling", similar to the chirping sounds made by house geckos albeit much lower in pitch. When threatened or alarmed, tokay geckos usually "bark" while opening their mouth in a defensive posture.

The tokay gecko's call is also responsible for the name given to it by Filipino residents: "Tuko," and by U.S. soldiers during the Vietnam War, the "Fuck-you lizard".

Light and temperature can affect its vocalizations. The most frequent calling occurs in May at dusk, and the second peak of call frequency occurs in May at dawn. Vocalizations and associated behavior were strongly affected by ambient temperature in both the lab and field and could thus play a role in regulating animal energetic metabolism

Conservation and relationship with humans

The tokay gecko is culturally significant in many East Asian countries. Regional folklore has attributed supernatural powers to the gecko. In Southeast Asia it is a symbol of good luck and fertility. It is believed to be descended from dragons.

This species is poached for the medicinal trades in parts of Asia. The tokay gecko is an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, known as Ge Jie (蛤蚧). It is believed to nourish the kidneys and lungs, beliefs that are not substantiated by medical science. The animal remains highly sought after in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore and other parts of Asia with Chinese communities, to the point where unscrupulous merchants have taken to disfiguring monitor lizards with prosthetics to pass them off as colossal tokay gecko specimens.

From 2009 to 2011, the poaching of tokay geckos intensified because of a short-lived belief that they were an effective HIV cure.

The tokay gecko is quickly becoming a threatened species in the Philippines because of indiscriminate hunting. Collecting, transporting and trading in geckos without a license can be punishable by up to 12 years in jail and a fine of up to ₱1 million under Republic Act 9147, in addition to other applicable international laws. However, the trade runs unchecked because of the sheer number of illegal traders and reports of lucrative deals. Chinese buyers and other foreign nationals are rumored to pay thousands of dollars for large specimens, because of their alleged medicinal value or as commodities in the illegal wildlife trade.

The species is protected under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) meaning international trade (including in parts and derivatives) is subject to the CITES permitting system.

Captivity
Tokay geckos are becoming more popular as pets because of their striking colors and large size. Most of them are wild-caught imports, but captive-bred ones are becoming more common. Wild-caught adults can be difficult to keep because of their aggressive nature and powerful bite, but captive-bred juveniles can be less aggressive if handled from a young age.

When well cared for, tokay geckos can live up to 15–20 years.

title: Tokay gecko


text:
User talk:Nicobn~enwiki

Hi. Feel free to contact me, I'll be more than happy to hear from you ;). --Nicobn 22:16, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Welcome
I noticed you added yourself on Wikipedians/Quebec and thought I could drop by and say hello. So, hello, fellow Sherbrookois, and welcome to Wikipedia! :)

Here are some useful links and tips:

 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk.
 * In case of doubt, have a look at the Contributing FAQ or the Editing FAQ.
 * You might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

--Audrey 01:35, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Image:Campus ouest 01.jpg
Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 09:48, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

User Categorisation
You were listed on the Wikipedians/Quebec page as living in or being associated with Quebec. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Quebec for instructions.--Rmky87 02:15, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Classic Rock
Hello. I was wondering if you would like to participate in my classic rock survey. I'm trying to find the most liked classic rock song. There is more information on my user page. Hope you participate! 02:59, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedia Canada
Hi there! I'd like to invite you to explore Wikimedia Canada, and create a list of people interested in forming a local chapter for our nation. A local chapter will help promote and improve the organization, within our great nation. We'd also like to encourage everyone to suggest projects for our national chapter to participate in. Hope to see you there! -- user:zanimum

Image Tagging for Image:Ronald_Coifman.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Ronald_Coifman.gif. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 13:00, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Nicobn! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot notifying you on behalf of the the unreferenced biographies team that 1 of the articles that you created  is currently tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 09:30, 19 August 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Nicolas Courtois -

Nomination of Nicolas Courtois for deletion
The article Nicolas Courtois is being discussed concerning whether it is suitable for inclusion as an article according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Nicolas Courtois until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. ospalh (talk) 12:13, 20 December 2010 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Nicobn. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Nicobn~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:47, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:57, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nicobn~enwiki


text:
Air Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan Air Company, operating as Air Kyrgyzstan (Эйр Кыргызстан Авиакомпаниясы, Eýr Kyrgyzstan Aviakompaniýasy; Авиакомпания «Эйр Кыргызстан», Aviakompaniya «Air Kyrgyzstan»), was the flag carrier of Kyrgyzstan, based in Bishkek. It operated scheduled domestic and international services to 13 destinations, as well as charter services. Its main hub was Manas International Airport in Bishkek, with a hub at Osh Airport in Osh.

The owner of 100% of the shares was the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, represented by the Fund for State Property Management under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic. During its operations, the airline was on the list of air carriers banned in the European Union, along with all airlines based in Kyrgyzstan.

This airline is currently inactive with 0 flights since 2019.

History
The airline was founded in April 2001 as Altyn Air. It was rebranded as Kyrgyzstan Air Company on 28 July 2006, after taking over former national carrier Kyrgyzstan Airlines. On December 5, 2013, the airline was re-registered as ”Air Kyrgyzstan” Open Joint Stock Company.

On 26 October 2017, the airline suspended all operations after its sole aircraft, a Boeing 737-500 registered as EX-37501, was put into storage after a birdstrike accident. Following the incident, the airline's CEO Zholdoshbek Bekturganov said that the airline was looking to resume operations in December 2017 after repairing the aircraft. The airline ceased operations on 29 September 2018 after its Air Operator's Certificate (AOC) was revoked by the Kyrgyz government.

Destinations
Air Kyrgyzstan OJSC had 60 frequencies and licenses in the following areas:

Codeshare agreements
Air Kyrgyzstan had codeshare agreements with the following airlines at April 2014:
 * Turkish Airlines (Star Alliance)

Current fleet
The Air Kyrgyzstan fleet consisted of the following aircraft:
 * 1 Boeing 737-300
 * 1 Boeing 737-500
 * 1 Boeing 757-300
 * Antonov An-24
 * Tupolev Tu-134
 * Tupolev Tu-154
 * 1 Tupolev Tu-154M
 * Yakovlev Yak-40
 * 1 Airbus A320

Accidents
On December 28, 2011, Air Kyrgyzstan Tupolev Tu-134, registration EX-020, operating flight QH3 from Bishkek to Osh, Kyrgyzstan, with 73 passengers and 6 crew suffered a hard landing on Osh's runway 12 resulting in the collapse of the right main gear, right wing separation and the aircraft rolling on its back in fog and low visibility. The aircraft came to a stop on soft ground about 10 meters off the right runway edge. A fuel leak from the left wing led to a fire erupting which was quickly extinguished by airport emergency services. One passenger received serious injuries and 24 people received minor injuries (concussions, bruises), of which 16 were taken to local hospitals.

title: Air Kyrgyzstan


text: Category:High schools in Virginia

title: Category:High schools in Virginia


text:
User talk:Stanley Murungu

Hi, I had to revert your addition at music of Zimbabwe because it is a copyright violation from here. In addition, any large amount of info on one person should be in the article on him, not in a broad article like music of Zimbabwe. I hope you enjoy Wikipedia and stick around to keep editing! It'd be great if you could expand coverage of Zimbabwe-related topics, but it must be your own work or released under a free license. Let me know if you have any questions. Tuf-Kat 22:17, Feb 1, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stanley Murungu


text:
The Bulmershe School

Bulmershe School is a coeducational comprehensive school located in Woodley, Berkshire.

History
Building work completed in 2016 on the construction of a new school building housing a 392-seat auditorium, six classrooms with computer workstations and a new sixth form area. The Bulmershe Auditorium includes a 392-seat theatre (equipped with professional audio-visual equipment), a sixth-form centre, meeting rooms, a reception area, and administrative offices.

The Bulmershe School was rated as a good school by the Office for Standards in Education OFSTED, following an inspection in November 2017.

The head teacher is Amanda Woodfin, who became Acting Headteacher on 1 September 2017 and joined the school in January 2013.

In 2018 work started on a new sports centre and swimming pool owned by Places Leisure. This has replaced the old "Bulmershe Leisure Centre", although the school and leisure centre are different.

There were 1,215 students on roll at the time of the 2019 school census. The majority of the students come from Woodley and Earley.

title: The Bulmershe School


text:
Category:Schools in West Yorkshire

Schools located in West Yorkshire.

title: Category:Schools in West Yorkshire


text:
Growing Up Gotti

Growing Up Gotti is an American reality television series that aired on A&E. It featured the life of Victoria Gotti, daughter of Mafia boss John Gotti, and her three sons; Frank Gotti Agnello, John Gotti Agnello Jr., and Carmine Gotti Agnello. The production of the pilot episode was announced in January 2004 with the show being picked up several months later. A&E canceled Growing Up Gotti after three seasons. In 2014, the network aired an anniversary special Growing Up Gotti: Ten Years Later.

Reception
Shirleen Holt of Film.com said that "Victoria Gotti has the warmth of an ice pick and her sons the charm of, well, thugs." Robert Hofler, reviewing the show for Variety, said that the show is too much controlled and focused on Victoria Gotti who also acts as an executive producer, and added, "A&E has the potential for a sleeper hit with its new reality TV show [...] but they clearly muffed the title. "Mommy as Monster" is closer to the target." Alessandra Stanley of The New York Times said that the show is "a one-joke novelty item, but it is at times quite funny and Ms. Gotti is an oddly compelling figure.". Genovese Crime Family Soldier Ciro Perrone and Ralph Scopo were recorded on tape criticizing the show, with Perrone commenting "It's a soap opera, and the kids look like girls.".

Reunion
On November 10, 2014, the network aired a one-hour anniversary special entitled Growing Up Gotti: Ten Years Later. The special featured Victoria Gotti and her three sons who reunited to talk about the highlights of their family reality series. Growing up Gotti: 10 Years Later was produced by Left/Right.

title: Growing Up Gotti


text:
Becher's Brook

Becher's Brook is a fence jumped during the Grand National, a National Hunt horse race held annually at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. It is jumped twice during the race, as the and  fence, as well as on four other occasions during the year. It has always been a notorious and controversial obstacle, because of the size and angle of the 6 ft drop on the landing side. Some jockeys have compared it to "jumping off the edge of the world."

After the deaths of Dark Ivy in the 1987 Grand National and Seeandem and Brown Trix in the 1989 Grand National, all at Becher's Brook, Aintree bowed to pressure from animal rights groups and undertook extensive modifications to the fence. Further changes were made after two horses, Ornais and Dooneys Gate, died during the 2011 Grand National, the latter at Becher's. The incident involving Dooneys Gate resulted in the fence being jumped only once for the first time in the race's history; it was bypassed on the outside on the second circuit while veterinary staff attended to him.

History
The fence took its name from Captain Martin Becher, who fell there from his mount, Conrad, in the first official Grand National in 1839, and took shelter in the brook to avoid injury. The jump originally consisted of an 8 ft-wide brook with a fence set back a yard (0.91 m) in front of the water, the ground on the landing side 3 ft lower than the take-off side.

Modifications
Slight amendments were made to the landing side of Becher's Brook in 1954 after recommendations were made to the National Hunt Committee, but the most significant modifications took place following the 1987 and 1989 Grand Nationals.

In 1987, Dark Ivy, a grey horse, fell at the fence and landed perpendicular, incurring a cervical fracture which killed him instantly. In 1989, six horses fell at Becher's on the first circuit. Seeandem, ridden by Liam Cusack, broke his back and had to be euthanised, while Brown Trix, ridden by amateur jockey David Pitcher, fractured a shoulder and then rolled down into the water-filled brook where he almost drowned. He was later euthanised. By the time the remaining runners reached Becher's Brook on the second circuit, course officials had been unable to remove the bodies in time. Audiences were given a clear view of Brown Trix's body at one end of the fence and a green tarpaulin covering Seeandem's body at the other end of the fence. Following an outcry, Aintree made several changes to the fence:

 * The sharply sloped ground leading into the brook on the landing side was levelled off significantly.
 * The brook itself was raised by 30 in to include only 1 in of water.
 * Outside running rails were splayed out to allow more room for horses landing wide.

After an eight-horse pile up on the first circuit of the 2004 Grand National where some horses rolled back towards the mostly filled-in brook, the brook was completely rebuilt in 2005. It was built deeper and included running water for the first time since 1989 but was covered over with rubber matting in an effort to make the jump less hazardous for horses that had fallen.

In 2009, the Grand National course was widened so there is enough room for runners to bypass fences if required, including Becher's Brook. The new bypass lane at Becher's was used for the first time during the 2011 Grand National as marshals waved flags and diverted the remaining contenders around the fence on the second circuit while veterinary staff attended to a fatally injured horse, Dooneys Gate, who had broken his back.

On 15 August 2011, Aintree announced new modifications to Becher's Brook following a review of the course in the aftermath of the 2011 National. Amongst the changes to the course, the landing side of Becher's was re-profiled to reduce the current drop by between 4 and 5 in across the width of the fence. The drop is now approximately 10 in on the inside of the course and 6 in on the outside of the course. This difference in drop from the inside to the outside of the fence has been retained to encourage riders to spread out across the width of the fence and also to retain the unique characteristics of the fence. The height of the fence remains unaltered at 4 ft.

Number of fallers
The following table shows the number of fallers at Becher's Brook during the main Grand National race (excluding the other races held on the course during the three-day meeting), including those who unseated their riders or were brought down, but not including those that pulled up, were carried out, or refused at the fence. The 2020 running was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

*Jumped only on first circuit.

title: Becher's Brook


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arthur the Geniuses

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 19:14, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)

Arthur the Geniuses
Someone wrote this about me as a joke of sorts, and someone else copied and pasted it here. It's neither informative nor very accurate. If I'd written it, it would be shamelessly self-promotional; since I didn't, it's just embarrassing. Queixa 22:19, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - since Quiexa doesn't support let's bin it.Brookie 19:11, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete subject's request and as written nn. RJFJR 21:52, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 00:21, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, self-promotion. Wyss 01:17, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for reasons given by others. Dpbsmith (talk) 02:36, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * First: The subjects of articles don't have an automatic final say over whether articles about them are included or excluded. That road leads to all sorts of problems.  Second: There is no evidence, apart from the say-so of a user with only two edits, that Queixa is in fact the subject of this article.  Apply the same verifiability criteria here as elsewhere.  So: Treat the article on its merits.  Does Arthur the Geniuses meet the WikiProject Music/Notability and Music Guidelines?  A quick Amazon and Google search on that name indicates to me that the answer is very probably "No.".  Delete. Uncle G 08:41, 2005 Feb 14 (UTC)
 * Yep... the article's still snickering self-promotion and there's no evidence of encyclopedic content. Wyss 19:14, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Heh - did you see how bad it was before I trimmed it down to its current form? Delete. DS 21:42, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.