text:
Kukuxumusu

Ataute, S.L., better known by their trading name Kukuxumusu (Basque: /kukuʃumus̺u/), is a Spanish company from Pamplona, Navarra specialising in clothing and product design. Its name means flea kiss in Basque.

The company was founded in 1989 Pamplona's San Fermín festival. Three friends made souvenir T-shirts depicting the bull-running and bull fights. The company gradually grew and is now one of the key images of San Fermín; in addition to clothing they also produce other goods such as chinaware, keyrings and postcards. Kukuxumusu has exclusive shops in Pamplona and all the main cities within the Basque Country and also in the rest of Spain. Moreover its products are sold elsewhere in over sixty countries.

Kukuxumusu's designs are distinctive for their style and humour. Their most famous designs involve bulls and the San Fermín runners in their traditional red and white clothing, but adding some absurd elements. Bulls may be seen chasing the runners over the sea on surfboards, or apparently uninterested in the San Fermín activities. In some designs, the roles of humans and bulls are reversed. Other designs often involve animals, devils or Basque symbols such as the lauburu in humorous situations. Kukuxumusu's designs have grown to include other Spanish regions festivals and typical elements and have, therefore, become a popular souvenir in Spain.

Kukuxumusu has added computer screensavers and virtual postcards, with their usual unique humour to their line of clothing and souvenirs.

title: Kukuxumusu


text:
Talk:Adriatic Veneti

Anon's text added to article
I moved it here, so that someone could make sense from this (although now I think it would be hardly possible).

 * Dear reader, we must first distinguish VENETS from VENETIANS. The Venets are ancient central European pre Slovans and the Venetians were citizens of republic of VENICE (Italy). It is a significant difference in between. The word VENETI derives from a noun “SLOVENCI” The Greek translation was “ENETOI” because in Greek it’s not common at all to have the letter group “SLOV” as much as letter group “CI” The letter group “TOI” is pronounced “TI” which is similar to “CI”. Rather the same is with Latin. So the Latin version of “SLOVENCI” was “VENETI”. The Venetian findings are all over the central Europe. The most remaining are names of rivers, mountains, volleys… The Slovenian grammar has duality. The most known language with duality is “SANSCRIT” It is more than sure that this two languages are related. Sanscrit is more than 5.000 years old. The earliest finding of written “VENETIAN” – “SLOVENSKI” language are from 100 BC. Now days only words written in bronze, wood or stone were preserved. The most famous found slogan is: “OSTI JAR” which mean “stay jung“ and the grammatical tables with the word cry “JEKATI”. It is really more than exciting all this.< by user:195.210.245.211>

I also added "see also" for Venedes article, which seems to address the same issue. mikka (t) 19:35, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

http://www.veneti.info/en  HAVE A LOOK  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.212.165.43 (talk) 18:59, 30 May 2009 (UTC)

The anon text is, I think, referring to the theory that the Veneti were a Slavic people related to the Slovenes (now mainly in Slovenia). The dual grammatical number alledgedly used by the Veneti is indeed also fully employed in Slovenian grammar. The theory is more fully described in the website for the Institute for Slovenian Studies of Victoria, Australia, but I cannot otherwise vouch for its academic respectability. A readable description of the theory would probably not be completely out of place in this section. However, I can imagine it might come with some nationalistic political baggage. The "see also" link for Venedes mentioned by mikka above would seem to be appropriate, however I note that it has already been removed. ralphb 129.129.152.74 16:19, 25 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Re-added the Venedes link in "see also" as it still seems relevant. ralphb 129.129.152.74 16:11, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Euganeo 05:15, 15 March 2006 (UTC) NOTE: Please read my post as carefully as possible as I have made every attempt to reference all my material and to provide any relevant links within Wikipedia. I am an anonymous academic (due to the main reason that in the past I have been vilified by nationalists and fascists for my criticism of their elitist and racist attitudes).

The theory put forth by user:195.210.245.211 is a complete mess. It is good to see that moderators are cleaning up these politically charged pseudohistorical entries on Wiki. As for the so-called "Institute for Slovenian Studies of Victoria" it is really just another site that links to a pro-Slovenian nationalistic group involved in the publication of a number of books purporting the strange (and heavily flawed) theory of the Veneti being ancient Slavs of some sort. It is disregarded by the academic community. Anyone wanting a genuine assessment of current theories on the Venetic language and people can read an article by Rex Wallace from the University of Massachusetts Amherst which was published in the 2004 book: Roger D. Woodard (ed.), Encyclopedia of the World’s Ancient Languages, pp. 840–856. It is the official (and most recent) publication accepted by established academia on ancient languages and was produced by the University of Cambridge.

The word Veneti comes from the Ancient Greek word Enetoi which is present in a number of texts by ancient authors including Homer and Strabo. Indeed the Modern Greek language pronounced ]OI (or omega and iota) as an I but not in all cases with Ancient Greek, however that is another matter. The Enetoi were a tribe of Paphlagonians who, according to legend (and the ancient texts), left after the Trojan War to settle in North-eastern Italy in the modern Veneto region. Xenophon in his text Anabasis (Xenophon) (known as Anabasis III in the Loeb Classical Library edition) also makes reference to the Paphlagonians from Asia Minor.

As for the dual grammatical number allegedly used by the Veneti, it was also used by the Ancient Greeks from whom the Veneti absorbed a reasonable amount of culture and lexiconographic influence. The fact that Slovenian also utilises the dual grammatical number is about as relevant in this context as the fact that Arabic, Hebrew, Old English and Old Russian do also, see: dual grammatical number for further details.

For further refereces, the head of Pre-Roman Archaeological Studies at the University of Padua in Italy, Dr. Loredana Calzavara-Capuis has published over 72 articles and books on the ancient Veneti being the Italic peoples we know them to have been.

See: http://www.istitutoveneto.it/iv/presentazione/soci/biografia_socio.php?id=252

Others include: Prosdocimi, Chieco-Bianchi, Pellegrini and Lejeune (googling any of these names will provide proper references that you can research for yourself in libraries to judge the authenticity of what I am typing here).

It is of utmost importance that a resource such as the Wikipedia maintains reasonable standards in what sort of content is published. The internet has unfortunately become a haven for pseudohistorians who attempt to subvert public opinion. It is good to see moderators ensuring this.

Euganeo 05:15, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Is that you, Noam?

Euganeo 01:26, 20 March 2006 (UTC) Noam? Sorry, you must be mistaking me for someone else. You didn't sign your message though. I've registered now as Euganeo but I had previously been editing from an unregistered IP address which was on a large network at a company. Euganeo 01:26, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Euganeo 01:12, 29 March 2006 (UTC) Thank you TShilo12, I completely forgot that the re-directs would not necessarily go from say, Hebrew, to the "Hebrew language" which is what I intended. Thanks for the fix-up on that, I appreciate it. Euganeo 01:12, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

It's a stub
Hi folks. A lot of activity on this talk page. But don't forget that the Adriatic Veneti article is a stub and needs to be expanded. Alexander 007 02:34, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Safeguarding a useful list of historical references (not all are to these Veneti; some are to other Veneti) from User_talk:Wetman. --Nantonos 11:54, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

Sincere apologies but that list has been deleted because it was the point of a political debate in which a number of right-wing debators attempted to expound pseudohistorical theories upon this particular topic, the Veneti. You will notice in the history of the discussions on Veneti that there is much abiguity and many of the poorly constructed arguments come from those attempting to identify the Ancient Veneti with Slavs. You will also notice that the list posted here, towards the end, became increasingly Slavicentric, to the point that the final points were written in Cyrillic! Many of the references and poor English spelling are due to the fact that it was largely lifted from pro-nationalist Slovenian websites in no way affiliated with academia. This same list was posted on the Veneti page in the form of vandalism, but was immediately deleted. Please be careful of the sorts of unaccredited and pseudohistorical writings that pop up on this topic. We do not want another disaster as we have had in the past with strange, politically motivated people posting bizarre theories with clearly immoral appropriation of the ethnic archaic identities of other cultures. As noted earlier, the Wikipedia is for the discussion and transmission of information of academic integrity that is accepted by the mainstream and concurred upon by the academia. Euganeo 05:46, 1 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Can't help it, got to nitpick here. As far as I know, the whole Veneti ancestry debate is restricted to Slovene nationalist discourse. So it seems odd that you would mention Cyrillic script here, since Slovenes don't use it, nor did they ever. Most Slovenes nowadays can't even read Cyrillic (having only been exposed to its Serbian variant during the time of Yugoslavia - a time during which any Slovene that wasn't a politician, journalist or bussinesman could do full well without it), let alone formulate their opinions in it. What's more, Slovene nationalists positively resent it. So it would seem that if Cyrillic was used in the article or on the talk page, that it was probably meaningless, non-related vandalism.
 * Having said that, as a Slovene and a linguist, I feel insulted by the petty and pretentios crap these nationalists spew. A place in France is pronounced the same as it would be if it were Slovene? Well, golly, that's gotta mean them French are really just undercover Slovenes! Heck, I bet if we searched hard enough we could find similar examples for, say, Chinese or Cherokee, proving once and for all that all of the human race is in fact of Slovene descent. Yep, yep.
 * Nevertheless, I think the article could probably do with a short but well limited mention of the Venetian theory. The whole ordeal is certainly note-worthy enoguh, IMO. Maybe a line in the Notes section? 213.172.234.159 02:36, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello there, yes indeed I do agree with you on the pretentiousness of nationalism. In-fact, I have a number of Slovenian colleagues who detest the uneducated ultranationalism of some Slovenians (and other Slavic groups).
 * As for the Cyrillic, I am aware that Slovenians do no utilise this script, however if you read my comments you will notice that I was merely pointing out the Slavicentricism of the vandalism which was posted on this original page. This did in-fact include a number of paragraphs written entirely in a Cyrillic script (regardless of whether the authors where Slovenian or not). I am also aware (and have discussed with Slovenian academics who do not agree with pseudo-historical or ultranationalist versions of Slovenian history) that many of the proponents of Slavicentric propaganda on the Wikipedia are from other Slavic minority groups (which would account for the fact that large portions of the original vandalism being written in a Cyrillic text, most probably Serbian or Macedonian.
 * In this case it is most probably Macedonian fascist literature, as they have also attempted to cross-pollinate pseudo-historical conjecture with Macedonian nationalism (in essence mixing Slovenian and Macedonian nationalism under the banner of pan-Slavonic propaganda-infused reworkings of history). They have attempted to assert that Alexander the Great spoke ancient Venetic and that somehow the histories of the Veneti and the (Hellenic) Macedonians are all intertwined with proto-Slavic pseudo-history to convey right-wing ideological Slavonic bias with regards to the history of the Veneti and the people of the ancient region of Macedonia.
 * It upsetting to know that some Slovenians pander to this kind of biased politicisation of history - but it is always good to see someone such as yourself, who has enough education and understanding to see through the propaganda and question his fellows.
 * As for Venetian history, this has been relegated to another section of the Wikipedia, as this particular page deals only with the specific history of the Ancient Veneti, which is categorised with the pre-Roman and Italic branches of Classical Archaeology. Venetian history on the otherhand is part of Medieval History. Same location and people, only a different time frame.
 * Kind Regards Euganeo 03:03, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It is simply contrary to reason to claim that the Latin pair of ethnonyms Veneti/Carni referred in ancient times to a completely different ethnos as the German pair of names Windisch/Kärnten from early medieval times onward. Clearly the two pairs of names Veneti/Windisch and Carni/Kärnten are of the same etymology and therefore it is inconceivable, how it could be the case, that in German language these two names both signify Slovenes on the one hand, but on the other hand in Latin language one name (Veneti) supposedly referred to a unique Indoeuropean ethnos (closest, surely, to Italians, since, as we all know, Italians live not only along the Adriatic, but also along the Baltic), while the other (Carni) to an ancient Celtic tribe, as is claimed by mainstream science, despite the fact that both in German as well as Latin the territory in question is just about the same geographical triangle of Eastern Alps-Western Pannonia-Northern Adriatic. If it was indeed the case that Slovenes took the names Karantanija (Carinthia, Kärnten), and Krajnska (Carniola) from the Celtic Carni, how is it then, that Ukraine carries the same name as Krajnska/Carniola? Did Ukrainians receive their name from the same Celtic Carni also, although they live some one thousand miles away from the Alps? It is not science, but science-fiction to claim that the ancient Carni were Celts. They were Slavs, and their name comes from the Slavic word ‘krajina’, which was corrupted in Latin and turned into Carnia through metathesis (Krain(a) > Kranj(a) > Karni(a)). To claim that ancient Carni and Veneti were not Slavic is just about the same, as if one was to claim that in Latin language the name Germania meant something completely different as the name Germany in modern English (perhaps as a result of “the scientific fact” that the Deutsch people arrived no sooner than the sixth century AD from their ‘Carpathian motherland’ in Dacia – i.e. ‘Dačia’, the land of the Dutch, the Deutsch; I am very much interested, how one could prove that the exonym German signified the same as the autonym Deutsch already in the antique; it is simply assumed so by science, when ancient Germans are concerned, but not, when Slavs/Veneti are concerned; so clearly double standards). The two names Veneti and Carni refer to the same ethnos, but one is the general, while the other is the special (particular) name within the Latin language just like within German. Veneti means the same as ‘Sloveni’ (Slavs), while Carni means the same as ‘Kranjci’ (Carniolans) and ‘Karanti’/’Korotanci’ (Karantanians/Carinthians).

 * All articles speaking of Veneti are far from being of neutral point of view. This is perhaps best shown by the choice of words in the disambiguation page, where it is said: “The Adriatic Veneti, Enetoi in Greek, a bygone people of north-eastern Italy who spoke an Italic language”. Italic? Even Prosdocimi does not claim they were speaking Italic. According to him they were speaking an independent Indoeuropean language. Rubicon was where Italic territory ended, for this reason it became famous. Or take a look at the sources for this article: Chieco Bianchi, Pellegrini, Prosdocimi, Lejeune, Wallace. Five authors, of which three are Italians, zero are Slavic. As if Matej Bor (Vladimir Pavšič) never existed. He did exist. He interpreted inscriptions of Veneti through Slovene and other Slavic languages. His reading (from upside down) of the Alphabetical tablets from Ateste is far more convincing than the reading of these same tablets from downside up. Do Italians read from downside up? Reading these tablets from upside down gives one and the same word with different grammatical endings, most of which can be found in modern Slovenian: o-(j)ekaje, o-(j)ekah, jekab, jekat, jekais, jekar, jekaš, jekap, jekal, jekam, jekan, jekak, jekaj, jekad, jekav. The word ‘jek’ exists in such Slovene verbs as ‘ječati’, ‘odjekniti’ or in nouns ‘jek’, ‘ječa’, etc., while in English in the noun ‘echo’. The above mentioned scientists instead read these tablets from downside up, which they say is due to the absence of (what they claim to be) a diphthong ‘OE’ from other inscriptions of Veneti; and thus such reading gives the “magical” word AKE(O), but not prior to ignoring the letters from the bottommost line of the tablets. That this “magical” word AKEO likewise is not found in other inscriptions of Veneti doesn’t appear to be a problem. Without ignoring the bottom line, however, reading from downside up in reality gives, not AKEO, but: eake(o), hake(o), bakeo, takeo, siakeo, rakeo, šakeo, pakeo, lakeo, makeo, nakeo, kakeo, jakeo, dakeo, vakeo. It would appear Veneti were speaking Polynesian, which is probably the reason, why the bottommost line is ignored by Italian linguists. Clearly, reading from upside down is more credible, since all Europeans read from upside down, but this destroys the whole grammatical reconstruction as envisioned by authors taken as sources in this wikipedia article.

 * No article dealing with Veneti that fails to mention the completely legitimate indications of their Slavic ethnic character, no matter how much in opposition to the established paradigm of Slavist linguistics, these indications are, can EVER be considered neutral. Paradigms rise and paradigms also fall. Clearly all Slovenian nationalists abuse the Veneti issue for their particular goals, as nationalists always do, but in essence it is not about nationalism at all (Matej Bor was no nationalist, if anything, a leftist and a member of Slovenian Academy of Science and Arts), but rather it is about the emancipation from a stupefying historical lie, according to which all ethnic Slavs, with the symptomatic exception of Russians, are considered descendants of the people, responsible for the largest genocide of European history. A genocide not at all mentioned in primary historic sources, and opposed to by several ancient toponyms and ethnonyms of Slavic origin. Because it never happened! There was no Slavic ‘motherland’ in Russia. There was no mass migration of Slavs in the sixth century, only the settlement of some Northern Slavic tribes in the areas already populated centuries earlier by Southern Slavs. Genocide did indeed happen in the 18th century, a crime of revolutionary France against the people of Vendee, in all likelihood the descendants of Atlantic Veneti. 58.75.254.130 10:10, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Indo-European R1a Y chromosome haplogroup was a carrier of Slavic languages from the northern Asia to Europe. Original Slavs were N haplotype in Asia. R1a was gradually invading EE and SEE starting through Neolitic. Slavic migrations from 5th to 7th century were rather small. Stokavians came in the teritory already possesed by Slavic speaking populations of older (still existing) dialects: Kaikavians, Chakavians and Ikavians whose culture, according to the archeologists, was equivalent or nicely mixed up with culture of pre-Indo-Europeans in the area. It's really possible that a variance of pre-Slavic language was spoken in the northern Adriatic. Usage of the term "Slavs" was mostly connected to "Sclavens" of Greek writers, who were invading "Illyricum" led by Avars in 6th and 7th century. There is no proof that these Sclavens were an ethnic group. They were rather a few several different ethnic groups but probably using the same (dominant as always) language for communication. Also recently many scientists claim that old-Glagolitic alphabetics are older than Latin. 78.3.3.191 23:05, 15 July 2007 (UTC)I suggest that a link to the Ancient Scythian Culture would be worth while to explore.So many artifacts of that culture have been documented, of special interest would be the gold jewelry work,types of burial tombs constructed,if evidence exists of buckles and bridles manufactured for the nomadic horse culture.If all roads led to Rome.Veneto was the door way where east and west intermingled. Joseph

Map source and explanation
The description of File:Italie -800.JPG claims that the map is inspired on User:Dbachmann's File:Iron Age Italy.png. However the two maps are different, and neither cites the source of the information. This should be fixed... All the best, --Jorge Stolfi (talk) 16:19, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

Latin and Greek terms
Someone deleted the Latin and Greek terms claiming that "they do not refer to the Adriatic veneti". However my recollection was that the classical sources cited in the article do refer to the Adriatic Veneti by those names (although some of those sources already warn about possible confusion with the Gallic Venety, due to coincidence of names). I have restored the names, pending justification for the deletion. If those ineed are the wrong L./Gr. names, then we should put the right ones instead. All the best, --Jorge Stolfi (talk) 16:22, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

POV
Congrats, now the Slovenian and Croatian completely biased, ridicolous, FASCIST, NATIONALIST AND JINGOIST EDITS appear EVEN on ANCIENT history. Congratulation, English Wikipedia. --95.251.8.69 (talk) 09:44, 17 October 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Classical sources: removed sentence and references
The section discusses how scholars have moved from an assumption of Illyrian origins to other views.

In an edit from 18 September 2016, added the following, which was later edited by users filling out the references and is offered here in its final version:

"Scholars mostly believe that Veneti were probably Illyrian,  but there are some other hypothesis about their origin:"

I removed the sentence. The claim contradicts the otherwise apparently well-referenced surrounding text by restating the view that the Veneti were illyrians etc. with no attempt to incorporate it properly into the discussion. I don't know what is correct but the previous text seems more nuanced and better written, and the addition looks like a dogmatic reiteration of an 19th century view. The references are unimpressive: Gary is a non-specialist book seeminlgly repeating a traditional view in passing with no attempt at discussion (I can't see the footnote). Jacques merely references Mommsen from 1874 without any attempt to take any newer research into account. He was apparently a Protestant missionary in Albania in the 1930s who published this book in his old age, and nothing else that I can find, not a specialist in classical studies. Waldman & Mason: a wide-ranging work that just mentions the Veneti briefly in a few places. The final, misshaped link is to a book from 1841 by James Cowles Prichard, which obviously has little to say about current research. --Hegvald (talk) 11:32, 16 June 2018 (UTC)

 * I'm leaving here an article on the Venetic people and their possible etymology: Bader Françoise. Le nom des Vénètes et leur expansion. In: Autour de Michel Lejeune. Actes des journées d'études organisées à l'Université Lumière Lyon 2 – Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 2-3 février 2006. Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, 2009. pp. 31-77. (Collection de la Maison de l'Orient méditerranéen ancien. Série philologique, 43) [www.persee.fr/doc/mom_0184-1785_2009_act_43_1_2653]

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Adriatic Veneti


text:
Guerrilla (album)

Guerrilla is the third studio album by Welsh rock band Super Furry Animals. The record was released on 14 June 1999 by Creation Records and peaked at number 10 in the UK Albums Chart. Guerrilla was conceived as a commercial 'pop' album and was produced by the band themselves, as regular producer Gorwel Owen felt exhausted after a busy schedule working for other bands. Recording took place at Real World Studios, Box, Wiltshire in mid-1998 with the group experimenting with a sampler for the first time and writing a number of songs in the studio. The band tried to create a 45-minute long, immediate sounding record, and therefore chose the upbeat songs from the 25 tracks which were recorded during sessions for the album. Guerrilla was chosen as the album's title as a pun on the group's name.

The album features a mix of musical styles and was described as exemplifying the 'nu-psychedelia' musical genre by British music magazine the NME. Singer Gruff Rhys has stated that his lyrics are upbeat and disposable. Critical reception was generally positive with the record appearing in the "Best album of 1999" lists issued by several magazines. It was subsequently ranked at number 311 on the NME's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". The band were disappointed with the relative lack of success of the album's singles and went on "pop strike" as a result, issuing the 'lo-fi', all-Welsh language Mwng as the follow-up to Guerrilla in May 2000.

Origins and recording

Guerrilla was deliberately conceived as a commercial-sounding 'pop' album; a "jukebox sort of album, where you listen to it and every song is different," according to singer Gruff Rhys. Rhys has said that the band felt they were waging a "sonic war" against average music and "the mainstream" with the record.

The Super Furry Animals had originally intended to work on the album with Gorwel Owen, who co-produced 1996's Fuzzy Logic and 1997's Radiator with the band. According to Rhys, however, Owen felt "burned out" after producing other bands solidly for a year and a half and asked the group to wait until he had chance to rest. The Super Furry Animals were so keen to record that they decided to produce the album themselves. Guerrilla was recorded at Peter Gabriel's Real World Studios in Box, Wiltshire during the middle of 1998. Although Rhys has stated that the group met Gabriel several times during recording, and that they thought he was "a good old guy", Real World was chosen because it was near to the band's homes in Wales rather than because of its association with the former Genesis frontman. Sessions were "much less volatile than usual" according to Rhys, as the five members of the band felt they had to reach consensus over everything because they were producing the record themselves—while recording their previous albums the band would often fall out and shout at each other safe in the knowledge that Owen would act as a mediator and take the final decisions. Bassist Guto Pryce has stated that the band also felt happier during recording sessions for Guerrilla because they had their pets with them at Real World, and were able to relax and enjoy the 1998 FIFA World Cup and the British summer.

During recording, the band used a sampler for the first time and hired many different musical instruments. The group experimented with electronic sounds and wrote several of the album's tracks in the studio, allowing "the music to dictate itself". The song "Wherever I Lay My Phone (That's My Home)" was written around the ringtone of a mobile phone with the rhythm track being based on a sample of bassist Guto Pryce tripping over a lead while Huw Bunford played a note on his guitar. "Some Things Come from Nothing" came from an acid house tune written by keyboardist Cian Ciaran. Samples of Rhys playing an out-of-tune acoustic guitar and Ciaran playing drums were mixed together and the song was "written and recorded simultaneously" by the group. "The Sound of Life Today" is a 22-second sample of "Some Things Come From Nothing" played backwards – an accident that occurred when mixing engineer Chris Shaw rewound the mix and forgot to mute the tape machine. According to Rhys the band gave the track a "really pompous title" so that listeners would expect to hear the meaning of life and instead get just a "collection of noises". "Do or Die", "Fire in My Heart" and "Keep the Cosmic Trigger Happy" were written by Rhys while "The Door to This House Remains Open" developed from a band jam of the Rod Stewart song "Do Ya Think I'm Sexy?" which completely changed over the 30 minutes the group played for. The melody for "Northern Lites" was written by Gruff Rhys several years before the track was released. Reggae and rock styles were tried by the band before they settled on calypso after Rhys wrote lyrics for the song and tried playing along to a preset calypso rhythm track which was on his keyboard. The band added steel drums to the track on the spur of the moment after seeing the instruments "lying around" Real World during recording. The steel drums parts were performed by keyboard player Ciaran, despite the fact he did not know how to play them.

Around 25 tracks were recorded for Guerrilla, with all members of the band agreeing to trim this number down for the final track listing of the record in order to make a 45-minute-long album which was immediate. The group chose the 'up' songs, the "digital songs with more of a constant rhythm", that they had recorded and left off the 'down' tracks to create a positive "brash and light-weight" record—a "disposable pop album that's too good to throw away". According to Bunford, some of the more guitar-orientated songs the group recorded were included on initial track listings and were only left off the record at the last minute in favour of more electronic sounding tracks. Rhys has said that the decision to include "The Teacher" on the album was a decisive moment, as the track is "the most stupid thing on the record"—if a more downbeat song, such as eventual B-side "The Matter of Time", had been included in its place, Guerrilla would have been a much more self-indulgent album. The singer has also stated that the group's "healthy ego problems" would often result in individuals fighting to have some of their own songs removed from the final track listing of the record in favour of songs written by other members. The band chose to sequence the album like a hip hop record, with "Check It Out" as an introduction and "A Specific Ocean" and "The Sound of Life Today" as interludes.

The album's title is pun on the band's name but was also chosen by the group as they felt it had added resonance in the wake of the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. Rhys has also stated that the band sometimes flatter themselves that they "take a guerrilla stance outside things, make things that aren't pop, popular in the future". The band added the subtitle "Non violent direct action" to the album's packaging to ensure that no-one could read any "crass, militaristic statements" into the name of the record. The band thought about making a film to accompany the album but ultimately decided that the idea was "too ambitious". They returned to this idea with 2001's Rings Around the World, making music videos for each of the tracks on the record and including them on the album's DVD release.

Musical style
Guerrilla features an eclectic mix of musical styles and has been described by Pitchfork as a combination of the group's techno roots and their more recent "sunny guitar-pop". The NME featured an interview with the Super Furry Animals, several weeks before the release of the album in the United Kingdom, as the lead article in an issue which discussed the "nu-psychedelia" musical genre, which they saw Guerrilla as exemplifying. Gruff Rhys has stated, however, that he sees the album as a quite conventional pop album, and that he associates psychedelia with improvisation whereas Guerrilla was "almost entirely preconceived". The singer has also said that the album is not a radical departure for the group musically, although it is "more groovy and uptempo [...] more textured and punchy" than the band's previous releases, partly due to the mix which creates a "more American sound". Spin stated that the record combines "prog, glam, techno, and garage" and is the "gleeful missing link in the psych-prog continuum". Select stated that the album juxtaposes pop songs with "rambling odities" and is dominated by the "electronic throbs and pulses" of keyboard player Cian Ciaran at the expense of guitarist Huw Bunford. The magazine went on to say that Gruff Rhys's voice anchors the record and gives life to songs which otherwise might seem to be works-in-progress, citing "Chewing Chewing Gum" as an example.

The Melody Maker has described opening track "Check It Out" as a "jazz funk" song which turns into dub after its first minute. The magazine went on to state that the song sums up the album due to its "defacement of symmetry" and disorder, which is also evident on "Do or Die", "The Turning Tide" and "The Teacher", all of which start as pop before ending up "skew-whiff under a wealth of hooligan noise". "The Turning Tide" features a string arrangement by High Llamas frontman Sean O'Hagan. According to Rhys the band were happy with O'Hagan's "interesting" arrangement—the track is more serious than many of the other songs on the album and the group found writing a string part for it themselves problematic. "Do or Die" has been described as a "dumb pop song" by Rhys and called "surf pop" by the Melody Maker. Rhys has called "Wherever I Lay My Phone (That's My Home)" "metronomical", and stated that it was inspired by mobile phone ringtones. Critics have described the song as a techno track, with Pitchfork calling it "floor-slapping LSD-infused electronica" and Spin stating that it is "a psycho ward of tweaked noises", reminiscent of the music of Daft Punk.

"The Door to This House Remains Open" is a drum and bass song that has been likened to the music of Boards of Canada by Yahoo! Music, while "Some Things Come From Nothing" is a post-punk dub track that was called "the closest a rock band will come to the cracked ambience of Aphex Twin" by the NME. "Fire in My Heart" has been described by Rhys as a country and western song, while Mojo has called it "trad-sounding" folk music. The Melody Maker called the album's closer "Keep the Cosmic Trigger Happy" "psych pop" and likened "Chewing Chewing Gum" to the second side of Roxy Music's debut album. "Night Vision" is the "most aggressive-sounding" song on the album according to Rhys. The track has been called garage rock by the Melody Maker and punk rock by both Allmusic and Yahoo! Music, with the latter comparing the song to "She's Lost Control" by Joy Division. First single "Northern Lites" is a calypso-inspired track. Critics have commented on the song's use of "Tijuana brass", reminiscent of the work of Herb Alpert, and likened the track to the music of Burt Bacharach and Hal David and the Beck single "Deadweight".

Lyrical themes

According to Gruff Rhys, Guerrilla's lyrics are largely "self-consciously disposable, happy". "The Door to This House Remains Open" is about "starting a new chapter of your life". Rhys has said that his lyrics, which suggest that people should leave their doors open to others and that international borders should be open to allow immigration, are so optimistic that he is almost embarrassed by them. In contrast "Some Things Come From Nothing" features pessimistic lyrics inspired by the idea that "nothing seems to have any substance any more". "The Teacher" was written by Rhys from a teacher's perspective and was inspired by guitarist Huw Bunford, who was an art teacher before the Super Furry Animals became successful. Although Rhys has stated that "Fire in My Heart" features the most clichéd lyrics he has ever written, he has also said that he wrote it with complete sincerity. The track is "soul advice" and is about the many different people in our lives.

"Northern Lites" was named after the Aurora Borealis, a natural light display which can be observed particularly in the polar regions, and usually at night. The song's lyrics were written by Rhys about "the weather", and were inspired by coverage of the "terrifying, worldwide, seven-year phenomenon" of the west Pacific El Niño climate pattern the singer saw on "weather channels" in 1998. Rhys has said that he views "The Turning Tide" as more serious than the other tracks on Guerrilla. The song's lyrics are about living in a time of change and embracing change. Although "Do or Die" has "really daft lyrics" its title was taken from the Quit India speech made by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank in Bombay in which Gandhi called for his countrymen to "Do or Die" and use non-violent resistance to end British Imperial rule in India. Rhys has stated that he feels quite pleased that young children can jump up and down to the song, singing "Gandhi lyrics". "Wherever I Lay My Phone (That's My Home)" is a comic, but also quite sinister, song about the possible effects of mobile phone radiation on people's health. Both "Night Vision" and "Keep the Cosmic Trigger Happy" have lyrics inspired by the band's nights out in Cardiff. The former addresses bouncers who caused problems for the group by throwing them out of nightclubs, and the aggression that the band frequently witnessed on Saturday nights in the city. The latter is a very happy song about "being in love and going out to the Hippo Club in Cardiff and feeling bulletproof and unstoppable".

Release
Guerrilla was released on 14 June 1999 in the United Kingdom on CD, cassette, Minidisc and vinyl by Creation Records and peaked at number 10 in the UK Albums Chart. The record was released on 27 July 1999 in the United States. "Northern Lites" was released as the first single from the album, reaching number 11 in the UK Singles Chart, followed by "Fire in My Heart" which peaked at number 25 after its release on 9 August 1999. The third and final single to be taken from the album, "Do or Die", was released on 17 January 2000 and reached number 20 in the UK Singles Chart. Guerrilla was reissued in 2005 by XL Recordings, with a bonus CD featuring the six B-sides which appeared on the album's singles. The band had also planned on releasing "Wherever I Lay My Phone (That's My Home)" as a single, but this was ultimately dropped when Jimmy Cauty, formerly of The KLF, and Guy Pratt released the mobile telephone-themed novelty-pop record "I Wanna 1-2-1 With You" under the name Solid Gold Chartbusters which heavily samples the Nokia theme.

Pete Fowler, who had designed the sleeve of every Super Furry Animals release since the 1997 single "Hermann ♥'s Pauline", again provided the artwork for Guerrilla. In a departure from the illustrations he had provided for the Radiator campaign, Fowler worked in 3D, creating a model of a yellow monster dubbed the "God of Communications", smoking a pipe and wearing a "mobile phone and bandolier belt". The monster is shown operating "the control panel of the universe" for the cover of the record.

The album features the hidden tracks "Citizen's Band" and "Chewing Chewing Gum (Reprise)". The former appears only on the Compact Disc version of the record—it is stored in the pregap and can be heard by rewinding back from the start of the first song, "Check It Out". The latter appears at the very end of the album following several minutes of silence after the end of last song "Keep the Cosmic Trigger Happy". The lyrics for "Citizen's Band" are hidden inside the card outer-sleeve included with original CD copies of the album. According to Rhys the band decided to hide "Citizen's Band" as it didn't fit with the rest of the Guerrilla and they wanted to make the album like a computer game which can be played for several months before a new level is discovered. Guitarist Huw Bunford has stated that the band originally intended to hide the track in the album cover itself, by way of a special vinyl sleeve design, but the group's record label, Creation, refused to allow this due to the cost.

Critical reception
Guerrilla received generally positive reviews from critics. Mojo called the album "magical stuff" and commended the band for their ability to mix musical styles, being particularly impressed with the juxtaposition of the esoteric "Wherever I Lay My Phone (That's My Home)" and the "trad-sounding" "Fire in My Heart". The magazine suggested that Guerrilla's melodies were good enough to provide the band with number one singles and praised "Northern Lites" in particular, stating that it was "one of the most frothily inventive pop confections" since the band's own "Ice Hockey Hair", released in 1998. Pitchfork were similarly impressed with the eclecticism of the album, stating that the group seemingly try every musical genre possible and succeed in their efforts. The website claimed that the album sees the band take their "long-standing whimsicality to its logic-warping extreme". Cokemachineglow also commented on the band's musical versatility, stating that, although the record features a mix of styles, it is a cohesive whole; a "perfectly flowing album", that showcases some of the Super Furry Animals' best songs. AllMusic agreed calling Guerrilla arguably the band's "most cohesive" album and a "pleasingly and consistently unpredictable" record. Yahoo! Music called Guerrilla a "strange bag of mixed fruits" and stated that, as the record is so difficult to pigeonhole, it "takes some getting into". The website felt that this was a good thing however, and again praised the album for its shifting musical styles. CMJ New Music Report stated that the record sees the band capturing "an enviously gentle interplay between electronic and organic instruments".

The NME called the album "an acid fried quadrophonic vision of rock 'n' roll" and suggested that it was a masterpiece which could define the era in which it was released, in the same way that Primal Scream's Screamadelica did in 1991 and (What's the Story) Morning Glory? by Oasis did in 1995. The magazine also stated that, despite the very different musical genres evident on the album, it succeeds in being a coherent, startlingly beautiful record, which showcases the band's "thunderous imagination and three-dimensional vision" and could be described as "experimental music with a beating heart". The NME ranked the album at number three in their Albums of the year 1999 feature, praising the record for its "superabundance of creativity". The Melody Maker also claimed that the album accurately reflected the era in which it was released and called it the group's best release. The magazine went on to compare Guerrilla to the "romance" of drug taking, calling it a "beautifully suggestive and inspiring testament" to illegal substances. Select placed Guerrilla at number nine in their albums of the year award for 1999 and called "Somethings Come From Nothing" the record's highlight, stating that the track "oozes an epic, sonourous electronic sadness around Gruff's muted mumbling of a single sentence". Despite dismissing "Wherever I Lay My Phone (That's My Home)" as a throwaway novelty song, the magazine stated that Guerrilla "makes experiment engaging" and concluded that it was a "brilliantly subversive" attack on the charts. The record appeared in the "Best New Albums of 1999" feature in the January 2000 issue of Record Collector, with the magazine calling it "upbeat and mischievous, with as many touching moments as there are puzzling".

Spin claimed that the album was "more-hit-than-miss" and shows that "prog can be fun". The magazine was critical of "The Turning Tide" and "Northern Lites" however, calling the former "cosmically ridiculous" and the latter "overipe fruit". British newspaper The Independent stated that, although the record includes a number of exceptional tracks, it also features a "lot of noodling" and claimed that it does not compare favourably with the work of The Flaming Lips. Q called Guerrilla a "great big bouncing ball of confusion" and stated that the record "explodes all over the place with almost cartoon glee". The magazine did, however, feel that the record's disparate influences were too often "left hanging like loose wires" and that there was an air of forced eccentricity about the release, despite praising lead single "Northern Lites".

 * Accolades

* denotes an unordered list

Promotion and legacy
Super Furry Animals embarked on a brief, five-date, tour of the United Kingdom, in support of first single "Northern Lites", beginning at Tenby De Valance Pavilion on 27 April 1999 and ending at the Cambridge Corn Exchange on 2 May. The group then played that year's Glastonbury and V festivals. The band undertook a tour of the United States and Canada, beginning at Maxwell's, Hoboken, New Jersey on 14 September and ending at the Coachella Festival on 9 October. Singer Gruff Rhys wrote a tour diary, covering the first nine dates from 14–26 September, which appeared in the 9 October 1999 issue of the Melody Maker under the title "Guerrillas in the Midwest". The group played a fifteen date tour of the United Kingdom, starting on 15 October at the Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool and ending at the Brixton Academy, London on 3 November. After concerts in Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands and France, promotion ended with a headline date at the Cardiff International Arena on 20 December which was webcast on the band's official website, and a support slot with the Manic Street Preachers at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff on New Year's Eve 1999.

Singer Gruff Rhys has described Guerrilla as "flippant, exciting, with an instant pop rush" and "one of [the band's] most ambitious" records, going on to state that "if any of our records could've sold a lot, this is the one. I don't think the others have been proper pop albums, but I think Guerrilla could have been". The band were disappointed with the relative lack of success of the album and its singles—none of which managed to chart inside the Top Ten of the UK Singles Chart—and went on "pop strike" as a result. Because of this the group's next record was the all-Welsh language, lo-fi, Mwng, which the group recorded simply for the joy of making music. The album was recorded in two weeks for just GB£6000, in contrast with the "excessive expense" of Guerrilla.

Personnel
Adapted from the liner notes.

Super Furry Animals

 * Gruff Rhys – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards
 * Huw Bunford – lead guitar, backing vocals, samplers
 * Guto Pryce – bass guitar
 * Cian Ciaran – keyboards, electronics, steel drums, drums, guitar, backing vocals, co-lead vocals on "Chewing Chewing Gum"
 * Dafydd Ieuan – drums, percussion, backing vocals

Additional musicians

 * Marcus Holdaway – cello on "The Turning Tide"
 * Katie Wilkinson – viola on "The Turning Tide"
 * Jaqueline Norrie – violin on "The Turning Tide"
 * Julia Singleton – violin on "The Turning Tide"
 * Steve Waterman – trumpet on "Northern Lites"
 * A D Gibson – trumpet on "Northern Lites"
 * Andrew Robinson – trombone on "Northern Lites"
 * Euros Wyn – flute on "Northern Lites"
 * Kris Jenkins – percussion on "Northern Lites"

Production

 * Super Furry Animals – production, mixing
 * Michael Brennan Jnr. – engineering, assistant mixing (Rockfield Studios), mixing on "Check It Out"
 * Nick Addison – engineering
 * Claire Lewis – assistant engineering
 * Chris Shaw – mixing
 * Patrick McGovern – assistant mixing (Strongroom Studios)
 * Jon Collyer – assistant mixing (Orinoco Studios)
 * Ray Mascarenes – assistant mixing (Orinoco Studios)
 * Paul Reed – assistant mixing (Rockfield Studios)
 * Ceri Collier – technical help
 * Howie Weinberg – mastering

Artwork

 * Pete Fowler – sleeve models and paintings
 * Artificial Environments – other imagery and graphics
 * Simon Corkin – design
 * Matthew Donaldson – model photography

title: Guerrilla (album)


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title: Template:MEast-geo-stub


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Diarmait mac Cerbaill

Diarmait mac Cerbaill (died c. 565) was King of Tara or High King of Ireland. According to traditions, he was the last High King to follow the pagan rituals of inauguration, the ban-feis or marriage to goddess of the land. The last High King to observe the ancient pagan Feis Temrach or Assembly of Tara which took place on Samhain every three years to pass or renew laws, approve annals and records.

While many later stories were attached to Diarmait, he was a historical ruler and his descendants were of great significance in Medieval Ireland.

Descendants of Niall
Diarmait was the son of Fergus Cerrbél, son of Conall Cremthainne, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages. Yet of Niall's own historicity there is little reason to doubt. His descendants quarrelled incessantly among themselves after the manner of most Irish dynastic families and had no cause to invent a common ancestry, since by unanimous testimony the high-kingship of Tara prior to Niall's days had not been the preserve of any one tribe or family. By the end of the fifth century, however, it was well on the way to becoming so. Niall's sons and grandsons proclaimed their intention of monopolising it to the exclusion of their western cousins by discarding the tribal appellation of Connachta and adopting the dynastic name Uí Néill, nepotes Néill. As a great-grandson of Niall, Diarmait and his descendants were counted among the Uí Néill, the name meaning "descendants of Niall".

The two great Southern Uí Néill dynasties of the midlands were the Síl nÁedo Sláine (the Seed of Áedo of Slane), kings of Brega in the east, and the Clann Cholmáin Máir (the Children of Colmán the Great) in Mide with their centre in the heart of modern Westmeath. The former are more prominent in the seventh century, but after the death of Cináed mac Írgalaig in 728 all the high-kings of the Southern Uí Néill come from the Clann Cholmáin except for a brief period between 944 and 956 when the king of Knowth, Congalach Cnogba, restored the high-kingship to the Brega line.

It is remarkable that the Síl nÁedo Sláine and Clann Cholmáin derive their origin, not directly from Niall Noígiallach, but from his great-grandson Diarmait mac Cerbaill. The annals date Diarmait's reign as high-king from about 544 to 565. The petty Uí Néill kings of Cenél nArdgail traced their ancestry to an uncle of Diarmait's, but never won the high kingship. Besides Colmáin Már and Áed Sláine, Diarmait had a third son Colmáin Bec, whose descendants, the dynasty of Caílle Follamain, ruled an area corresponding to the baronies of Fore, between Mide and Brega.

Diarmait's immediate origins are obscure and may arouse some suspicion. In spite of his patronymic (Latinised by Adomnán as filius Cerbulis) the genealogical tradition says that his father's name was Fergus, nicknamed Cerrbél or 'crooked mouth'. His grandfather Conall son of Niall was nicknamed Cremthainne (possibly denoting fosterage among the Uí Chremthainn of Airgialla), to distinguish him from his brother Conall Gulban, ancestor of the Cenél Conaill. The habit of giving the same name to different sons remained common among the prolific Irish princes until the sixteenth century.

Reign
The Annals of Tigernach record that Diarmait celebrated the Feast of Tara, his inauguration as King, in 558 or 560. The previous King of Tara, according to the earliest lists, was Óengarb, an epithet meaning "extremely rough", presumed to refer to Diarmait's kinsman Tuathal Maelgarb. What followed the inauguration was "a surprisingly unpropitious reign for so famous a king".

Diarmait was defeated at the battle of Cúl Dreimne (near Ben Bulben in modern County Sligo) in 560 or 561. This was the "Battle of the Books", supposedly the result of Diarmait's judgement in a dispute between Columba and Finnian of Moville. Columba, it is said, had secretly copied a book belonging to Finnian, and the matter of ownership of the copy had come to be settled by Diarmait, who adjudged in Finnian's favour, reportedly saying "[t]o every cow its calf and to every book its copy." Columba sought support from his kinsmen among the Cenél Conaill and the Cenél nEógain of the northern Uí Néill who went to war with Diarmait. This is a late tradition, and annalistic accounts claim that the battle was fought over Diarmait's killing of Diarmait of Curnán, son of Áed mac Echach (d.575), the King of Connacht who was under Columba's protection.

Following this defeat, Diarmait lost the battle of Cúil Uinsen to Áed mac Brénainn, king of Tethbae in Leinster. Diarmait played no part in the great Uí Néill victory over the Cruthin at Móin Daire Lothair in 563. He was killed in 565, probably at Ráith Bec in Mag Line (Moylinny, near Larne) in Ulster by Áed Dub mac Suibni, king of the Cruthin.

According to the later Irish historians, Diarmait was followed as King of Tara by Domnall Ilchegalch and Forguss, sons of Muirchertach mac Ercae, of the Cenél nEógain. More contemporary sources suggest that the Kingship of Tara all but disappeared in the years following Diarmait's death, and that it was not until the time of Domnall mac Áedo, or perhaps of Fiachnae mac Báetáin, that there was a High King of Ireland again.

Saints and Druids
Adomnán of Iona, writing less than 150 years after Diarmait's death, describes him as "ordained by God's will as king of all Ireland." Given that the annals say that Diarmait celebrated the Feast of Tara, the pagan inauguration ceremony, Adomnán's words represent his view of kingship rather than the reality of Diarmait's life. Most traditions portray Diarmait as in conflict with saints and holy men, notably Columba. A later poet has Diarmait say "Woe to him that contends with the clergy of the churches".

A poem, Mairg thochras fri cléirchib cell ("Woe to him who contends with the clergy of the churches") in the Book of Leinster, is ascribed to Diarmait.

Prophetic Death of Diarmait
Supernatural features in Diarmait's reign are not limited to prose and verse works or to lives of saints. Even the Irish annals include a reference to druid fences being created at the battle of Cúl Dreimne. The main subject for later writers and poets however, was not Diarmait's life but his death.

Diarmait is told by Bec mac Dé that Áed Dub, Diarmait's foster-son, will be his killer. Accordingly, Diarmait banishes Áed Dub. Saint Ruadán gives the prophecy that Diarmait will be killed by the roof-beam of his hall at Tara. Diarmait has the beam cast into the sea. Diarmait then asks his druids to find the manner of his death, and they foretell that he will die a threefold death, by slaughter, drowning and burning (or again: "by iron, water and fire"), and that the signs of his death will be a shirt grown from a single seed of flax, a mantle made of wool from a single sheep, ale brewed from one seed of corn, and bacon from a sow which has never farrowed. On a circuit of Ireland, Diarmait comes to the hall of Banbán at Ráith Bec, and there the fate of which he was warned comes to pass. Diarmuid dies a triple death: the roof beam of Tara has been recovered from the sea by Banbán and set in his hall, the shirt and mantle and ale and bacon are duly produced for Diarmait. Diarmait goes to leave Banbán's hall, but Áed Dub, waiting at the door, strikes him down and sets fire to the hall. Diarmait crawls into an ale vat to escape the flames and is duly killed by the falling roof beam. Thus, all the prophecies are fulfilled.

When the king sent men to arrest Aedh, St. Ronan hid him and so Diarmuid had Ronan arrested and tried in his stead. He was condemned by the ecclasiastics for this act and Ronan himself uttered the famous curse, 'Desolate be Tara forever!' Soon after, Tara was abandoned, never to achieve its former splendor...  [Diarmuid's wife] had an affair with Flann, so Diarmuid had Flann's fortress burnt over his head. Sorely wounded, Flann tried to escape the flames by crawling into a vat of water where he drowned... Bec Mac De [Diarmuid's druid councilor] prophesied that Diarmuid would be killed by Flann's kinsman, Aedh Dubh in the house of Banban... The manner of his death would be by slaughter,  by burning, by drowning and by the ridge pole of a roof falling on his head...  The Prophecy seemed so unlikely that  Diarmuid scorned it, even when Banban invited him to a feast...  Aedh Dubh was there and stabbed the High King with his spear. Wounded, Diarmuid fled back into the house. Aedh Dubh's men set fire to it. Seeking to escape the flame, Diarmuid scrambled into a vat of ale. A burning ridge pole fell on to his head. The prophecy was fulfilled (Ellis, 84).

Both of the elements which Evans discusses are present in this story of Diarmuid's death. In this story, there is a prophecy of the threefold death before it occurs. In fact, Diarmuid's death is foretold by three different men in the original story. Diarmuid has also clearly violated two of the three functions. He sins against the sanctity of the priestly function, by trying St. Ronan. For this crime Ronan curses the throne at Tara. Diarmuid also murders Flann, a violation of the warrior function. Diarmuid is punished for his transgressions by the triple nature of his death.

Like tales are told of Muirchertach mac Ercae and Adomnán records that Columba prophesied a similar death, by wounding, falling and drowning, for Áed Dub. There are a number of stories in Celtic mythology that clearly are formed by the Tripartite functions of Proto-Indo-European. The theme of triple-death occurs in several places in medieval Celtic sources. The Tripartite death of Aedh is linked with another story of triple-death, which comes from the Life of St. Columba (Vita Columbae): Aedh, surnamed the Black, descended of a royal family, and a Cruthinian by race. Aedh wore the clerical habit, and came with the purpose of residing with him in the monastery for some years. Now this Aedh the Black had been a very bloodthirsty man, and cruelly murdered many persons, amongst others Diarmuid, son of Cerbul, by divine appointment king of all. This same Aedh, then, after spending some time in his retirement, was irregularly ordained priest by a bishop invited for the purpose... The bishop, however, would not venture to lay a hand upon his head unless Findchan, who was greatly attached to Aedh in a carnal way, should first place his right hand on his head as a mark of approval. When such an ordination afterwards became known to the saint, he was deeply grieved, and in consequence forthwith pronounced this fearful sentence on the ill-fated Findchan and Aedh... And Aedh, thus irregularly ordained, shall return as a dog to his vomit, and be again a bloody murderer, until at length, pierced in the neck with a spear, he shall fall from a tree into the water and be drowned... But Aedh the Black, a priest only in name, betaking himself again to his former evil doings, and being treacherously wounded with a spear, fell from the prow of a boat into a lake and was drowned. This story of triple-death corresponds to the elements which Evans finds in a whole host of similar stories. In all of these stories, the tripartite death is foretold. Here St. Columba foretells the triple death of Aedh. At the same time Columba's prophecy is a curse or a punishment which he dispenses to Aedh because of his sins. This leads to the next element common in many 'Triple-death' stories, the sins of the warrior. According to Dumezil, the warrior often commits a sin against each one of the functions. He is punished for each sin, with a punishment fitting for his crime. In this passage from the Life of St. Columba, three specific sins are mentioned. Aedh blasphemes by being ordained a priest outside of the Church. This is a sin against the priestly function of Indo-European society. Aedh's second sin is murder; he has killed numerous people, most notably King Diarmuid. This is a sin against the warrior function. Aedh's last sin is against the productive/fertile function in Indo-European society, he has slept with another man—an act which is by its very nature unfertile. This is again the mythic three-fold death, and probably signifies that there was some manner of traditional account of Áed Dub. From Adomnán's account it can be surmised that Áed was deposed, or abdicated, and spent time in Britain in a monastery before, presumably, returning to Ulster to try to regain his throne. The report of Áed Dub's death in the Annals of Ulster for 588 — the Annals of Tigernach place it in 579 — may contain some traces of this as it reports the killing of Áed aboard a ship. This is thought to have taken place on Lough Neagh.

Descendants

 * Síl nÁedo Sláine from Áed Sláine
 * Clann Cholmáin from Colmán Már
 * Caílle Follamain from Colmán Bec

title: Diarmait mac Cerbaill


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rory Green

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 12:50, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Rory Green
This is vanity. Thryduulf 12:36, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, vanity. Rje 13:33, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Entire text is "Full name Rory Alexander Green. His online username is roryuk4eva. He was born on the 29th February 1988", which may dance on the edge of speedy criterion 4? There's one inbound link, from Commando (game), and there's no way this Rory Green was graphics developer for a mid-80s video game. Delete. Samaritan 13:55, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete as user test, no context. Wyss 21:32, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Template talk:Politics of the Netherlands

Please stop removing links to individual elections in this kind of templates. As you can see the purpose is to create links to political pages on the netherlands. I do not see any disadvantage of listing these elections. PZFUN stated that This template is for over-arching themes in the politics of a country, and the invidiual years are not over-arching themes. I do not see why this statement is true, especially since I was the one who started this template. Improvements are welcome, but do not delete this kind of links. Gangulf 12:38, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Monarchy
The presentation is a bit odd, with the monarchy and the constitution in one section. The Netherlands is often called a 'constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy', but that's just a phrase. First of all it's the latter. That it's a monarchy is hardly political because the king has no power at all. Only in an advisory sense and if that is a criterium it makes more sense to put the Council of State in. At the very least, the monarchy bit should go to the bottom, I'd say, and separated from the constitution (which should remain at the top becaue that is the most overriding 'power'). I know I'm going against the grain, but that doens't mean I'm wrong. :) Or does this presentation follow some general political template? DirkvdM 07:42, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

Changed setup
I just changed the way the whole template is set up because there was little structure in it. I don't know if there is a Wikipedia standard (there should be), so I used Template:Politics of Canada as a basis to work from because that is also a 'Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy'. There are, however, no judicial articles to link to, so I omitted that bit. DirkvdM 13:06, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * There is more or less a informal standard developping. This is different from the Canadian one. Most of the country politics templates do not link to articles that are not concerning the country. Bijvoorbeeld: een artikel over parlementaire democratie hoort niet in deze template thuis, die gaat namelijk niet over Nederland.
 * Het is overigens moeilijk om alle templates identiek te krijgen, omdat sommige sterk beïnvloed worden door de voorkeur van editors uit het betreffende land. Zie bijvoorbeeld Israel of Venezuela. De meeste Europese templates hebben nu een vrijwel identieke opbouw, daar wijkt Nederland nu vanaf. Ik zal de template weer in overeenstemming brengen met wat thans meer gebruikelijk is. 159.46.248.232 15:36, 8 February 2006 (UTC) (=Electionworld)

 * Please speak Dutch and sign and/or indent properly. You say there is a standard emerging for European countries. Is this a more or less official policy (in other words has it been discussed in general terms?) or is there just a convergence in the way it's done? I'm not too fond of the way it looks now. For example, it states right at the top that it's a kingdom and then follows that it's a constitutional monarchy. But it doesn't say it's a parliamentary democracy and only then come the parliamentary bits. This is misleading to say the least. For us Dutch it might be clear that the bit at the top is just in name (although I've even heard Dutch people who think the king has real power), but for others that will not be quite so obvious. DirkvdM 08:30, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

Politics of the Netherlands (terminology)
Some of us have been working on a list of technical terminology of dutch politics, which is not easily translated into english (see Politics of the Netherlands (terminology)). Can I put this page on the template? C mon 17:51, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, I've already put the template in the article, so why not return the favour? :) The template is mostly for institutions (although the drugs policy is also on it, which I have my doubts about), but the article concerns all things to do with Dutch politics, so it does make some sense. DirkvdM 09:31, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Balkenende II is CDA, VVD, D66
Balkenende II is currently demissionair, B. announced the resignation of the cabinet 3 minutes after that the D66 minsters. I think it is confusing to mark BII as a CDA/VVD cabinet. V8rik 23:14, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
 * But currently, the government only consists of CDA and VVD, and so will the new rompkabinet, no? — Nightst a  llion  (?) 12:07, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Consistency party colour coding
In different tables, graphs and articles the Dutch political parties are given different colors. I would like to propose a standard list of RGB colours to use consistently. Please react to my proposal for consistent RGB colour scheme discussed at Talk:List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands/colours. thanks for any input Arnoutf 17:36, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Provincial and First Chamber Elections
Nightstallion changed the wikilink for 'First Chamber Elections 2007' from Dutch provincial elections, 2007 to Dutch Eerste Kamer election, 2007. I wonder if it's wise to create a separate article for thes elections. There is already very little to say about them and whatever political implications they may have, these can easily be dealt with in Dutch provincial elections, 2007. I really appreciate your effort to completely cover Dutch politics on en.wikipedia, but I also appreciate lean/meanness. Other opinions?--Dengo 17:54, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Beter have one good article then 10 bad one i'd say. C mon 23:03, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Charter (Statute) for the Kingdom
I just created a new article Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands (which apparently is the official name of the Statute according to the ministry of Internal Affairs). Please critically review (and edit). Would it be something to maybe include in the template? Or do we rather limit the template to the European Netherlands? Personally, I stand neutral at this point. oops forgot to sign: --Dengo 21:03, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Orange
Can someone please remove the orange coloring? -- eiland (talk) 10:15, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Why? C mon (talk) 10:19, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
 * None of the other templates have a color, and i think its a reference to the last name of the dutch royals, "of orange", but its hideous to imply that all the politics in the Netherlands are colored by the royals. -- eiland (talk) 12:23, 30 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It implies that orange is a colour linked to the Dutch state, which is true. Any way there is no standard colour for templates (see Politics of Belgium and Politics of Germany and "smaken verschillen" (hideous is no argument). C mon (talk) 22:22, 30 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, at least the german is readable, which you cant say of the Dutch and Belgian ones :) -- eiland (talk) 23:25, 30 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Since you feel so strongly about this, I won´t revert your actions. But I won´t do the edit either, cause it is an arbitrary issue of taste. C mon (talk) 07:37, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
 * thanks, thats friendly. However, Im not so familiar with this complex code for the blox. -- eiland (talk) 09:51, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

Change to navbar?
I encounter the sidebar often, and it is often annoying because one way or another it creates a lot of white space (especially with cabinet tables) or pushes relevant images down. Navbars don't have this issue. How do people feel about changing it to navbar, perhaps merging with Government of the Netherlands? Dajasj (talk) 12:27, 14 July 2024 (UTC)


text:
Template talk:Politics of Hong Kong

Removing links
Please stop removing links to individual elections in this kind of templates. As you can see the purpose is to create links to political pages on Hong Kong. I do not see any disadvantage of listing these elections. PZFUN stated that This template is for over-arching themes in the politics of a country, and the invidiual years are not over-arching themes. I do not see why this statement is true, especially since I was the one who started this template. Improvements are welcome, but do not delete this kind of links. Gangulf 12:38, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't know whether particular elections should be linked, and one election was linked from the template. Thanks for telling Gangulf. Instantnood 18:46, Feb 5 2005 (UTC)

Border
The left border seems to be thicker thant the right one...could anyone fix it? Many thanks. :-) -- Jerry Crimson Mann 15:56, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Is it better now? — Instantnood 16:15, Jun 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Marvellous! :-D --Jerry Crimson Mann 10:26, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

HK government/temp?
What's the purpose of that page? Is that an unfinished revision or something? I don't think we should be linking to something in a subspace of an article like that. --- Hong Qi Gong 21:42, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree completely. Electionworld (prev. :Wilfried) (talk 18:46, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

Simplification
I'm trying out some simplification of the template by reducing the number of lines. Some of it achieved by putting the person after the post.

I have also removed, for example, Rita Fan from under Legco (although she is president - but that is not quite the same as being leader of a political party), and am also contemplating removing Leung Chun Ying from under Exco because I don't really see what his name is doing there. Ohconfucius (talk) 03:35, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

Proposed merger
This template appears to have a significant overlap with Hong Kong political parties. I believe it should be merged to it. I think we only need to bother with the significant parties and the current ones. Ohconfucius (talk) 03:25, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

Reasons for keeping the template
Misterx2000 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 06:12, 21 September 2008 (UTC).
 * I think the template should be kept, as in the Chinese Wikipedia, both the "Politics of HK" template and this more detailed "political parties" template exist. The former is about the full range of HK political issues, while the latter helps give the full picture of Legco's political makeup at a glance.
 * I would prefer keeping both templates and stripping the overlap out of this template - in other words, keep the links to the political parties on the other template. Hong Qi Gong (Talk - Contribs) 16:02, 21 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I prefer removing the parties from here as well. Given the small size of LegCo, it's hard to say when a party becomes "major": for example, LSD is listed here but not HKFTU, probably due to the overlap between the DAP and HKFTU membership.  I noticed that in places where there are many competitive parties (e.g. Israel, UK), there is usually a template for parties only and the main politics template has no parties.

Removing this template placed in politician bios
I saw this template placed in a few politician's articles, so I took the liberty to remove it from their pages. I don't think this template goes very well with a single politician's place, it should only be used in a topic-related article that mentions Hong Kong politics. Tvtr (talk) 02:23, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Politics of Hong Kong


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User talk:Evertonlivramento~enwiki

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