text:
Paul Philippe Cret

Paul Philippe Cret (October 23, 1876 – September 8, 1945) was a French-born Philadelphia architect and industrial designer. For more than thirty years, he taught at a design studio in the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania.

Early life and education
Born in Lyon, France, Cret was educated at that city's École des Beaux-Arts, then in Paris, where he studied at the atelier of Jean-Louis Pascal.

Career
In 1903, Cret came to the United States to teach at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. After having settled in the U.S., Cret was visiting France when World War I broke out. He enlisted and remained in the French Army for the duration of the war, and was awarded the Croix de Guerre and made an officer in the Legion of Honor.

Cret's practice in the U.S. began in 1907. His first major commission, designed with Albert Kelsey, was the Pan American Union Building, (the headquarters of what is now the Organization of American States), in Washington D.C., which was built between 1908 and 1910, a breakthrough that led to many war memorials, civic buildings, court houses, and other solid, official structures.

His work through the 1920s was firmly in the Beaux-Arts tradition, but with the radically simplified classical form of the Folger Shakespeare Library, built between 1929 and 1932, he flexibly adopted and applied monumental classical traditions to modernist innovations. Some of Cret's work is remarkably streamlined and forward thinking, and includes collaborations with sculptors such as Alfred Bottiau and Leon Hermant. In the late 1920s, he was brought in as design consultant on Fellheimer and Wagner's, which is the present-day Cincinnati Union Terminal, built between 1929 and 1933 during Art Deco's peak of popularity in architectural style in the U.S. In 1927, Cret became a U.S. citizen. Cret was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1928.

In 1931, the regents of the University of Texas at Austin commissioned Cret to design a master plan for the campus, and build the Beaux-Art Main Building, which was constructed between 1934 and 1937 and is the university's signature building structure. Cret went on to collaborate on about 20 additional buildings on the University of Texas at Austin campus. In 1935, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an associate member, and became a full academician in 1938.

Cret's contributions to the railroad industry included designing the side fluting on Burlington's Pioneer Zephyr, which debuted in 1934, and the Santa Fe's Super Chief passenger cars, which were completed in 1936.

He was a contributor to Architectural Record, American Architect, and The Craftsman. He wrote the article "Animals in Christian Art" for the Catholic Encyclopedia.

Cret won the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects in 1938. Ill health forced his resignation from teaching in 1937. He served on the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts from 1940 to 1945.

Cret's work was displayed in the exhibit, From the Bastille to Broad Street: The Influence of France on Philadelphia Architecture, at the Athenaeum of Philadelphia in 2011. An exhibit of his train designs, ''All Aboard! Paul P. Cret's Train Designs'', was displayed at the Athenaeum of Philadelphia from July 5, 2012 to August 24, 2012. With a collection of 17,000 drawings and more than 3,000 photographs, the Athenaeum of Philadelphia has the largest archive of Cret's work.

Death
After years of limited activity, Cret died in Philadelphia of heart disease on September 8, 1945. He was interred at The Woodlands in Philadelphia.

Legacy
Cret taught in the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania for over 30 years, and designed the overall design for the Ellen Phillips Samuel Memorial in Fairmount Park, the Rodin Museum in Philadelphia, the master plan for the University of Texas at Austin, the Benjamin Franklin Bridge, one of the primary bridges across the Delaware River between Philadelphia and South Jersey, and the Duke Ellington Bridge in Washington, D.C.

Cret's students included Louis Kahn, who studied under him at the University of Pennsylvania and worked in Cret's architectural office in 1929 and 1930. Other notable architects who studied under Cret include Alfred Easton Poor, Charles I. Barber, William Ward Watkin, Edwin A. Keeble, Alfred Bendiner, and Chinese architect Lin Huiyin.

Cret designed war memorials, including the National Memorial Arch at Valley Forge National Historical Park (1914–17), the Pennsylvania Memorial at the Meuse-Argonne Battlefield in Varennes-en-Argonne, France (1927), the Chateau-Thierry American Monument in Aisne, France (1930), the American War Memorial at Gibraltar, and the Flanders Field American Cemetery and Memorial in Waregem, Belgium (1937). On the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicated Cret's Eternal Light Peace Memorial (1938).

For the Pennsylvania Historical Commission, the predecessor of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC), Cret designed plaques that would mark places and buildings in Pennsylvania where historical events had transpired.

Following Cret's death in 1945, his four partners assumed the practice under the partnership Harbeson, Hough, Livingston & Larson, which for years was referred to by staff members as H2L2. The firm officially adopted this nickname as its formal title in 1976. H2L2 celebrated 100 years in 2007.

Witold Rybczynski has speculated that Cret is not better known today due to his influence on fascist and Nazi architecture, such as Albert Speer's Zeppelinfeld at the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg.

Major projects

 * 1908–09: Stock Pavilion in Madison, Wisconsin (with Warren Laird and Arthur Peabody)
 * 1908–10: Organization of American States Building in Washington, D.C. (with Albert Kelsey)
 * 1914–17: National Memorial Arch at Valley Forge National Historical Park in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
 * 1916–17: Central Library in Indianapolis (with Zantzinger, Borie and Medary)
 * 1922–26: Benjamin Franklin Bridge crossing the Delaware River from Philadelphia to Camden, New Jersey
 * 1923–25: Barnes Foundation in Merion, Pennsylvania
 * 1923–27: Detroit Institute of Arts in Detroit (with Zantzinger, Borie and Medary)
 * 1926–29: Rodin Museum in Philadelphia (with Jacques Gréber)
 * 1928–29: George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge in Louisville, Kentucky
 * 1929: Integrity Trust Company Building in Philadelphia
 * 1929: World War I Memorial in Providence, Rhode Island
 * 1929–32: Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, D.C.
 * 1930: Chateau-Thierry American Monument in Aisne, France
 * 1930–32: Henry Avenue Bridge over Wissahickon Creek in Philadelphia
 * 1931–32: Connecticut Avenue Bridge over Klingle Valley in Washington, D.C.
 * 1932: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia at 925 Chestnut Street in Philadelphia
 * 1932–33: Hershey Community Center Building in Hershey, Pennsylvania
 * 1933: United States Courthouse in Fort Worth, Texas (consulting architect)
 * 1933–34: Central Heating Plant in Washington, D.C.
 * 1933–61: Ellen Phillips Samuel Memorial in Philadelphia
 * 1934–37: Main Building of The University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas
 * 1934–38: Tygart River Reservoir Dam near Grafton, West Virginia
 * 1935: Duke Ellington Bridge in Washington, D.C.
 * 1935–37: Eccles Building in Washington, D.C.
 * 1935–37: Hipolito F. Garcia Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in San Antonio, Texas
 * 1936: Fair Park Texas Centennial Exposition Buildings at the Texas Centennial Exposition in Dallas (consulting architect)
 * 1936–39: Texas Memorial Museum, in Austin, Texas (consulting architect)
 * 1937: Flanders Field American Cemetery and Memorial in Waregem, Belgium (with Jacques Gréber)
 * 1938: Eternal Light Peace Memorial at Gettysburg Battlefield in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania (Lee Lawrie, sculptor)
 * 1939–44: National Naval Medical Center, Buildings 1 and 17, in Bethesda, Maryland (consulting architect)
 * 1940: 2601 Parkway in Philadelphia

title: Paul Philippe Cret


text:
Tex Thornton

Charles Bates "Tex" Thornton (July 22, 1913 – November 24, 1981) was an American business executive who was the founder of Litton Industries.

Early life
Charles Bates Thornton was born on July 22, 1913, in Goree, Texas.

Career
He served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, reaching the rank of Colonel and commanding a staff of officers in the office of statistical control. Following the war he offered the group of ten to several employers as an all-or-nothing proposition to provide the corporation with an analytical management team. Henry Ford II had recently taken over Ford Motor Company, which was in bad financial shape and had virtually non-existent financial control systems. He interviewed and hired the team, which became known as the "Whiz Kids". Seven of the ten went on to senior executive positions.

Thornton left Ford in 1948 to work for Hughes Aircraft. In 1953, he founded a company called Electro-Dynamics, then acquired the vacuum tube manufacturing business of Charles Litton, Sr. in 1953. In 1954, Electro-Dynamics also bought the rights to use the well-known "Litton" name. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions orchestrated by Thornton, Litton became a huge conglomerate with a wide range of products.

In 1966, Thornton received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Ronald Reagan in October, 1981.

Philanthropy
The USC Thornton School of Music at the University of Southern California is named in honor of Thornton's widow, Flora L. Thornton, due in part to a $25 million donation she made in 1999. Thornton was a trustee and donor to the university for many years. The Thornton Center for Engineering Management at Stanford University is also named in honor of Thornton. The Charles B. Thornton Administrative building on the campus of Pepperdine University stands as a tribute to the Thornton family.

Death
He died in November 1981. He was buried at the Arlington National Cemetery.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tex Thornton


text:
Children of the Sun (play)

Children of the Sun (Дети солнца) is a 1905 play by Maxim Gorky, written while he was briefly imprisoned in Saint Petersburg's Peter and Paul Fortress during the abortive Russian Revolution of 1905.

Gorky appears to have written the play chiefly during the last eight days of his imprisonment, before his February 2, 1905 release, in response to the international protests over the imprisonment of such a prominent writer. It was nominally set during an 1862 cholera epidemic, but was universally understood to relate to contemporary events.

Production history
The play was initially banned, but imperial authorities allowed it to premiere in October of 1905 at the Komissarzhevskaya Theatre and Moscow Art Theatre. Given conditions in the city, the atmosphere was so tense that the audience began to panic in response to the mob noises in Act III. Kachalov had to stop the play to assure them that, while his character might be in danger from a mob, the audience was not.

Characters

 * Professor Pavel Protasov
 * Yelena, his wife
 * Lisa, his sister
 * Dmitry Vagin, an artist
 * Boris Chepurnoy
 * Melanya, his sister
 * Nazar Avdeyevich
 * Misha, his son
 * Yakov Troshin
 * Egor, a locksmith
 * Avdotya, his wife
 * Antonovna, the nanny
 * Fima, the maid
 * Lusha, the maid
 * Roman
 * The Doctor

Plot
The title refers to the privileged intellectual elite of Russia, epitomised by Protassoff, high-minded and idealistic, but basically unaware of what is going on around them in the lower depths. Lisa, in contrast, is sickly, nervous, and prophetically aware of impending crisis. It is set during an 1862 cholera epidemic in Russia in which fear drove people to mob action.

Protassov's detachment leaves him oblivious to the nearly mad Melanya's love for him; to his wife's confused love for his best friend and artist, Dmitri Vaguin; to the brutality of his assistant Yegor, and ultimately to the danger of the armed mob that comes to attack him.

title: Children of the Sun (play)


text:
S Is for Space

S is for Space (1966) is a collection of science fiction short stories written by Ray Bradbury. It was compiled for the Young Adult sections of libraries.

Contents

 * "Chrysalis"
 * A science fiction story in which three men anxiously watch their fellow-scientist as he is encased in a mysterious green chrysalis. They eventually come to believe he is undergoing metamorphosis inside the chrysalis.

 * "Pillar of Fire"
 * A science fiction/horror short novel. Set in the year 2349, it depicts a Utopian society in which all corpses are incinerated for hygienic reasons. All horror literature has also been burned to produce a healthier mindset. When his grave is disturbed, a man who died four centuries earlier rises from his tomb to infiltrate the utopia and launch a vendetta to restore fear.

 * "Zero Hour"
 * A science fiction story, involving a world-wide befriending of children by sinister aliens.

 * "The Man"
 * A rocket ship lands on an isolated planet, expecting an astounded welcome. However, they find they have been preceded by a much more important visitor.

 * "Time in Thy Flight"
 * A science fiction story. A high-school teacher takes three children on a field-trip in a time machine.

 * "The Pedestrian"
 * A science fiction story about a society addicted to television.

 * "Hail and Farewell"
 * A fantasy story concerning a middle-aged man who never physically aged past his pre-adolescence.

 * "Invisible Boy"
 * A comical story about an old woman who convinces a boy she has turned him invisible.

 * "Come into My Cellar"
 * A science fiction story about mushrooms and alien invasions.

 * "The Million-Year Picnic"
 * A science fiction story in which a family travels to an unsullied Mars to escape a ravaged Earth. Previously adapted as the final chapter of The Martian Chronicles (1950).

 * "The Screaming Woman"
 * A mystery/suspense story, describing a young girl who tries to procure help in digging up a woman buried in an empty lot.

 * "The Smile"
 * A science fiction story describing a world devastated by nuclear war, whose inhabitants systematically destroy artifacts of the past. The story touches on one boy who is enchanted by Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa.

 * "Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed"
 * An atomic war on Earth drives a family to flee to a human colony Mars.

 * "The Trolley"
 * An idyllic story about the last trolley-ride in a small town.

 * "The Flying Machine"
 * A story set in ancient China, whose Emperor discovers a peasant has invented a flying-machine.

 * "Icarus Montgolfier Wright"
 * A story concerning the first man to fly a rocket ship.

title: S Is for Space


text:
User talk:Nichalp/Archive 4

Name
Your name in swedish wouldn't have to be Nikolaj as stated on your user page, it can also be Nikolai, Nikola, Nikolas or most preferably Niklas.

 * Thanks for the clarifications. ¶ ɳȉčḩåḽṗ | ✉ 19:25, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject Cricket
Nichalp, may I invite you to a new WikiProject to improve the quality and depth of cricket articles on Wikipedia. It's located on WikiProject Cricket. I'm taking the approach of let's see who's interested and let's see which bits we want to improve/expand to begin with. Once we know that, hopefully we can work together to improve Wikipedia's cricket coverage. jguk 16:30, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Merry Christmas
So are you coming back? No LordSuryaofShropshire no Nichalp. India has not seen edits from one of its two most prolific editors. --Ankur 04:43, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Indian wikipedians' notice board
Hi Nichalp. I would like you to be an active member of Indian wikipedians' notice board. utcursch 06:56, Dec 29, 2004 (UTC)

Deletion of a proposal of mine
Hello Nichalp, I saw in Version history of Village pump (proposals), that you reverted my proposal. See. I suppose this was done by accident or to be more specific a failure in the edit conflict detection of the MediaWiki software. I suppose this because I run two times into that problem, see Bugreport:. If it was intentionally that you reverted it it would be nice if you can point me to the right page for this purpose (I'm not that familar with the English Wikipedia). Arnomane 23:09, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Wai-Wai

 * Your comment makes me unsure, but I think it was up for at least 12 hours. The shelf-life of snippets should be between 6-24 hours. And I think it was up for substantially more than 6 hours. I'll go and check the history to be sure. Feel free to submit another facts for a later update. :)
 * I've checked and this diff shows that it was up for 17,5 hours, which is long enough considering items of 24 hours or older are considered "stale". Sorry for informing you so late "your" article was featured. I hope you enjoy it neverheless. Mgm|(talk) 20:15, Jan 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * No probs. Thanks for the interest. Nichalp 20:23, Jan 6, 2005 (UTC)

Your Edits to India
Hi Nichalp. Looking at your recent edits to India, would I be right in thinking that you are a Muslim and you have been removing Hindu links? Or is it just that you want to keep it a strictly secular article?

I am an English white caucasian living in Croydon. We have a large Indian community here - you may have heard of Thornton Heath where many Indians live. I would like to throw this thought at you.

Our newspapers occasionally print stories such as 'Primary School Nativity Play cancelled for fear of offending other religions'. I have a firm belief that that is not the way to build a strong multi-cultural, multi-faith society. Instead each faith should be encouraged to celebrate its faith enthusiastically with members of other faiths allowed to watch and join in, if they wish.

I suggest you put a notice in India:

This page follows the Indian Constitution and is strictly secular. Any religious links will be removed. Links to Indian religious topics can be found at: ...

As I say, it is just a passing thought, I am certainly not going to touch the India page. Cheers, salaam or shanti (as appropriate), RHaworth 04:22, 2005 Jan 8 (UTC)

Gzornenplatz
Nichalp, I have requested on WP:RfAr that the ArbCom exercises its discretion that it gave itself in an earlier case against Gzornenplatz to block him for up to 30 days for not providing edit summaries when reverting. If you have examples of him doing this on India-related images, it would be useful if you would add them as evidence. Kind regards, jguk 21:15, 10 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi, it's not a case of having anything personal against Gzornenplatz/Wik, it's more a case of encouraging him to desist from disruptive behaviour. His ongoing spat with Cantus has gotten totally out of hand. Kind regards, jguk 19:34, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

PS I have a digital camera, but no cricket equipment. I'll add some piccis of the Oval next summer. It'll be good to have one of Michael Vaughan lifting the Ashes.

 * I haven't played cricket since 2000 - lazy, aren't I? :) It's just too easy for me to get to the Oval where I am, so I go and see Surrey play instead. jguk 22:01, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

500 Km is local?
Hello again. You popped up on my watch list because you have edited subscriber trunk dialling. Is 500 Km a typo for 50 ? A quick look at the tariffs of Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd and Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd suggests that 50 Km is the correct figure. Can you substantiate 500 Km? (I do realise that a dialling prefix is not the same thing as a tariff.) -- RHaworth 16:00, 2005 Jan 11 (UTC)

Confused
I want to upload a few pictures of the places I visited while on vacation. I am confused as to what tag to put, ,. Could someone please guide me? Can I use all tags? PS. Please reply on my talk page. Nichalp 19:21, Jan 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * is appropriate if you release the image and give up all control over it. is the default license for anything uploaded to Wikipedia (but need not necessarily apply), and  (or SA) are acceptable as well. Any of these are options. So, you can tag PD, or GFDL, or CC, or GFDL and CC. 119 05:36, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd like to expand on that a little. All of those options are fine choices -- it's entirely up to you whether to tag your images as GFDL or PD or one of the CC licenses. It depends on how much control you want to keep over the images.
 * Tagging an image PD allows anyone to use it for any purpose. If you don't care what happens to the image, you just want to give it to the world, then PD-self is an excellent choice. But some corporation could use your image in one of their products, and they wouldn't have to acknowlege you or pay you, so not everyone is willing to tag it PD. Tagging an image with PD is the same as giving the image away to the public at large.
 * GFDL is the default. It says that anyone can use your picture for anything they want, BUT if they use your image in a larger work (like an encyclopedia), then that whole encyclopedia has to be also released under the GFDL. (Wikipedia is itself licensed under the GFDL.) It's more complicated, but it (in theory) encourages others to release their own works under a free license, since if they want to use your images, they have to. Also, if a company wants to use the image, but is unwilling to release their product under the GFDL, you still own the copyright, so you could still sell them the right to use your images.
 * CC-by is sort-of like PD, but anyone who uses the image has to credit you. (But they don't have to pay you.) I don't personally care whether I'm credited or not, but some people do.
 * If you release an image under the GFDL, you can also release it under a CC license. But if you release it into the public domain, that's it -- you can't license it in any way, since you don't own the copyright anymore.
 * If you have any more questions, feel free to ask me. – Quadell (talk) (help) 16:07, Jan 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * No doubts, your explication was really good. Nichalp 20:31, Jan 14, 2005 (UTC)

Gonsalo Garcia
Someone suggested this article for "DYK". Could you expand this article a bit. At the moment it's too stubby to feature. Articles featured in the "did you know"-section are usually over 1000 bytes. Mgm|(talk) 09:15, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC)

Re: map of Indian States
Hi Nichalp, I really wish you had approached me three days ago. I am too busy to do anything now. Sorry about that. Or maybe you could wait till Tuesday. I have worked on a SVG version of the map, it more accurately depicts the international/disputed boundaries. Its poster size but since it is scalable you should be able to easily import it into an existing map using (well I use GIMP) whatever software you have for image editing. Its been on my disk since October I never went around to add states (which was my objective.) --Ankur 23:41, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow!! I can't believe how good Gangtok has become. Another thing though - it looks like you are preparing for GRE. --Ankur 18:06, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll second that Wow! Really, WOW! Great job on Gangtok.  I wish every city article was as well-done.  Thank you for pointing me to the article, and also thank you for writing it.  Job well done.  SWAdair | Talk  11:14, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC)

The Indian Map is just about done - took two sittings. I did it from scratch, just border outlines - No names, No rivers - nothing. I'll sit down to finish it in a day or two. Like I said it is scalable, so every state can be individually scaled to get state maps (UTs and Goa are too small so they can not be scaled - I'll see what can be done). So the good thing is that every state article will have its own state map. If wikipedia allows uploading svg documents I will upload the entire document else I will put it on my website. I've been busier than I expected so its taking time. Adding cities etc will take one more day. Soon there will be an image here - Image:India-Map-Blank :-) --Ankur 08:56, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * The Map is done (except for dotted international border.) About UTs, they are all clearly visible (including borders) but any given UT can not be scaled up since they are very small for that. It is a vector map and its nearly 10 times bigger than the current map. Most states are bigger than the current Map we have for India. But since the Public Domain map I used for making this map did not have enough detail I could not make the UTs with a good border.

 * About thee: निकॉलेस is the correct approximation of how your name will be pronounced in Hindi and I have never heard the hindi निकोलिस as an equivalent of Nicholas. So in case you wrote निकोलिस for the sake of pronouncing your name in Hindi I think you should replace it with निकॉलेस. If on the other hand निकोलिस is the Hindi equivalent of Nicholas - cool!! For ि see Talk:Sonia Gandhi --Ankur 21:49, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Tomorrow is India Nite, 2005, yipieeee - that also means I am busy as hell. I had already included Arunachal Pradesh. I use Opera too and the problem is not Opera. The problem is that you did not install support for Indic fonts when you installed Windoz (or u r using old Linux). Indic support started with 2000 and XP. --Ankur 22:42, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Seeking you support
I am seeking your support and participation for starting the "Indian Collaboration of the Week". Please enlist your support on the page Wikipedia_talk:Indian_wikipedians%27_notice_board if you would like to support. Thanks Arunram 09:09, 21 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your support. I look forward to collaboratively editing articles with you. Arunram 01:02, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Welcome back
Hi, welcome back. Nice to have you back into full action! Look forward to interacting with you more often. Arunram 18:39, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Indian Collaboration of the Week

 * Hi, I seek your support in bootstrapping WP:INCOTW. The infrastructure is in place. We only need a popular support and participation for the COTW. Please spread the word around. Also nominate / vote for your topic/article. Regards Arunram 15:16, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Goa
As far as I know, the Adil Shahi kings of Bijapur were nobles of the former Bahmani Sultanate who took control of the Bijapur region after collapse of the Bahmanids. I don't know if they are of Afghan, Persian, or Turkish ancestry, but they were distinct from the Mughals i.e. the descendants of Babur. Tom Radulovich 18:50, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Peer review/Gangtok/archive1
I've removed the blanking and shifted it to the archives. Good luck with getting it to featured article standard! A good article :-) Ta bu shi da yu 04:45, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Very good
Very good on Sikkim. I see that you are interested on Sikkim related-topics, an you are the right person I am finding. Sikkim article needs improvemet, and I think we should work together.

On things related to the Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, do you have anything to contribute and help me out? I am also enthuasiastic in that field as well.

Good Luck in wiki.

Mr Tan, 4.48, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Hello, Nicholas, I have enhanced on the content of Arunachal Pradesh. However, I think that the content of History of Sikkim should be improved further, notably on the immigration of the Bhutia in the 17th century and also the very beginnings of Sikkim as a chiefdom with the help of this website article:

Thanks. Mr Tan, 14.48, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Korean Buddhism
Good try, but I see that your Kim dynasty should be shifted to Kim (Korean name), since this thing has no relations with Korean Buddhism.

Mr Tan, 19:30, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

International subscriber dialing
Please take a look at your article International subscriber dialing. The wording is unclear and I was unable to figure out what you meant by it. Thanks, — Brim 10:45, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

I second that. -- RHaworth 11:42, 2005 Feb 6 (UTC)

Mr Tan
For your information, I am a Singaporean. However, I am interested about the affairs of NE India, Korea, China and Southeast Asia. Many of my work is concentrated on affairs related to Arunachal Pradesh. I have visited India many times as well.

Concerning about the article Sikkim, where should I edit? The notices you put up and the history pages between Sikkim and Sikkim/temp makes me pretty confused. You told the general edit not to edit, but I saw a number of other users editing it. Forgive me, but I think that the History of Sikkim should be put up there and I have made some gramatical edits upon it. And yes, the [Category:Himalayan peoples]. I will add the category Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh] on it.

I will also appreciate if you think that the Lepcha should be strictly placed on the category Ethnic Groups of Nepal rather than on [Category:Himalayan peoples], to avoid confusion, since the Lepcha is on the [category:Ethnic Groups of Nepal], which is a sub-category of [category:Himalayan People].

Based on what I see on your edits, your Grammar impresses me, and that is the kind I like. If you know about Pushing to 1.0, you are one of those articles that deserves to be in that category.

Thanks.

Mr Tan 8.29, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Well, the Lepchas are natives of Nepal as well as in Sikkim, but in Nepal, most of the natives are only found on regions bordering on Sikkim. So, if a category of ethnic groups of sikkim is being put up as well, I'm willing to include it as well.

Congratulations! I'm impressed with your Sikkim article. It is very, very good. I have nominated your article for the Featured articles.

Nichalp, do you any information about the Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh? There seems to be a total of 82 tribes and I only have 40 to 50 tribes listed there.

Mr Tan 11.09, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Ah yes, I also needed some help on the Arunachal Pradesh article. I did some improvements, but having you to help me will be my greatest honour. Thanks a lot, Sir! Mr Tan 10.50, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I did much of the content myself, particlularly History, religion and economy. However, I think that the Tribes of Arunachal Praesh should be shifted to the People category instead. I need your help in this aspect of deleting the page off. Thanks.

Mr Tan 09.30, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

No, what I mean is that I need your help to shift the contents of the Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh to the Arunachal Pradesh article, then delete the Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh article after the shifting.

Thanks.

Mr Tan 1.14, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Sikkim
Hi Nichalp, I noticed your good edits to the Sikkim article. But, I've a minor issue of ambiguity, which I've raised at Image talk:Sikkimdistricts.png. Please have a look at it. -- Sundar 04:54, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Replied Nichalp

AEJ Collins
Thanks for your support for FAC. I Like the barnstar idea detailed on your home page  →--Brookie 19:33, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your Barnstar
Thanks Nichalp. Let us hope it becomes a featured article soon. -- Sundar 05:33, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

Thank you!
Just a quick "thank you" for voting me for admin. Now all I've got to do is find out how to use these worrying new powers... Grutness|hello? 06:33, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Arunachal Pradesh
Hello, please refer to the talk page at Arunachal Pradesh. Mr Tan 23:07, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Julius Caesar
Looks like ALoan's tidied up Julius Caesar. I started the article when I realised that what I was reading on the web was out of copyright - and never got round to improving it, jguk 20:32, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Can't remember how I saw it - I must have been eavesdropping on someone's talk page ;) -- ALoan (Talk) 21:17, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

mmm, now ALoan did say he'd look at my article on United Kingdom corporation tax, which you may not be interested in, Nichalp. But maybe my mentioning it here will help;) jguk 23:11, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I knew you would mention that :( Julius Caesar is light relief. -- ALoan (Talk) 11:39, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

No, corporation tax is a tax on company profits. Value added tax is a sales (turnover) tax, jguk 19:59, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Help with maps
Hi Nichalp, Congratulations on Sikkim becoming a featured article. Can you do a favour by creating a map of the Tamil speaking regions per comment on Featured article candidates/Tamil language? -- Sundar 06:04, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)

Sikkim
Thanks! - will do - MPF 17:53, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Chennai
I saw your comment on User talk:Sundar about Chennai not being ready for FAC. I agree that this is a bit early for the full-fledged FAC nomination, and I would like to have an unofficial discussion on the scope for improvement before we have an official FAC vote. Please suggest improvements on Talk:Chennai. Thanks. -- Brhaspati 22:11, 2005 Feb 18 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for your words of encouragement and for awarding me a barnstar. I seek your ideas and suggestions in making Wikiportal India, INCOTW and Current events more active forums. I suggest a discussion between some active wikipedians yourself, User:utcursch, User:Sundar, User:Hemanshu, User:Improv, User:Brhaspati. Let me know what you think. Cheers Arunram 02:46, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

UK tax
VAT is born by the end-user. Suppose we have a VAT rate of 10% (really it's 17.5%, but 10%'s easier for examples).

Suppose jguk Ltd, a company, is a trader. jguk Ltd buys goods of £60 (net of VAT) and sells them for £100 (net of VAT) and incur £10 in labour costs in doing so.

It pay its supplier £66 (ie £60 plus VAT of 10%). It receives £110 from its customer (ie £100 plus VAT of 10%). The net VAT it has collected of £4 (ie £10-£6), is then paid over to HM Customs and Excise. Note that in effect jguk Ltd's customer bears the whole £10 - with £4 collected by jguk Ltd, and £6 collected from jguk Ltd's supplier and supplier's suppliers.

jguk Ltd's profits are £30 (ie £100 less £60 less the £10 labour costs). jguk Ltd pays corporation tax on these profits. Assuming jguk Ltd is taxed at the full corporation tax rate of 30%, it will pay £9. The £9 is borne by jguk Ltd. Kind regards, jguk 19:00, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi - just responding to jguk on something else and saw your query. Value added tax and corporation tax are very different animals.  VAT is effectively a sales or turnover tax (like GST in Australia and New Zealand); CT is a profits tax, effectively an form of income tax paid by companies.  They are calculated in very different ways.

 * So, looking at your example, you have a company producing 1,000 items and selling them £100 plus VAT each, a total of £100,000 (say, a carpentry business producing wooden goods). I won't ignore the cost of supplies, as it is illustrative for both taxes.  The wood costs £30,000 plus VAT and the company employs carpenters who are paid £50,000 (including all payroll taxes, social security contributions, etc).

 * With a 10% VAT, the company would buy its wood (input) for £33,000 and sell the wooden goods (output) for £110,000, and the company would pay VAT of £10,000 (output) less £3,000 (input) - that is, £7,000 net - over to HM Customs & Excise. Note that the output VAT is a cost of the customer - the company is acting as an unpaid tax collector for HMCE.  The input VAT is a cost for the company, since the company has to pay it over to the person who sells the wood to it, who will themselves have to pay it over at their output VAT to HMCE, but the company's input VAT can generally be set off against output VAT due to HMCE.

 * Corporation tax is paid on profits (and capital gains). Generally, input VAT is ignored for this purpose where - like here - it is fully recoverable against output VAT (some types of supply are exempt from VAT, so the supplier does not have to charge its customer VAT, but the supplier is also unable to recover input VAT on the VATable supplies that it receives and uses to make its exempt supplies).  So the company makes a profit of £20,000, being the total sales revenue (ignoring VAT) of £100,000 less the £80,000 cost of sales (the £50,000 staff costs plus £30,000 cost of raw materials).  This profit is subject to corporation tax at, say, 19% - so £3,800 is payable to the Inland Revenue (peculiarly, for historical reasons, we have two separate revenue authorities in the UK, but they are being merged with effect from April this year to form HM Revenue & Customs).

 * I hope this is reasonably clear ;) -- ALoan (Talk) 10:11, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Maps
I'm just a novice at making maps, learning the tricks of the trade. :) Ankur is the real pro at cartography. Since he is away, I don't mind volunteering for making a map. However you would have to provide me with a reference map — preferably a map which is clear and does not have to much detail. Nichalp 18:40, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think Chennai is ripe for FAC. There's a lot of scope for improvement, especially the table, headings and references. It would be blitzkrieged with objections if you were to nominate it right now. Nichalp 18:40, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your help. I do agree that Chennai article needs a lot of improvement. You experience with Mumbai would be of real help. As for the map, we need a map showing the areas with "non-trivial" number of Tamil speakers, may be the intensity shall be proportional to the density/absolute number. I'll get you the population figures. Thanks. -- Sundar 04:30, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)

This has info on major settlements. For minor settlements mentioned in the Geographic distribution section, we can assume some minimal population density or try to look up the web. -- Sundar 05:40, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * [[Image:WorldMapPlain.jpg|thumb|right|World map plain]]Image:Physical world.jpg can be used as a substrate, but its copright status is not known. May be, this CIA map is fairuseable. This page has maps of the word and of its regions. If the resolution of the world map is small, you can use the individual continents' maps or the map indicating time zones may help. BLACKLISTED LINK REMOVED wold be a wonderful choice but for its copyright status. This Cornell university site gives excellent maps for free download. Of potentially good use will be the map featured right that I downloaded from them. -- Sundar 06:46, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
A quick thanks for voting me to adminship. utcursch 08:06, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nichalp/Archive 4


text:
Talk:List of MPs elected in the 1885 United Kingdom general election

This article was proposed for deletion Feb. 2005. The discussion is archived at Votes for deletion/MPs elected in the UK general election, 1885. Joyous 19:07, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:List of MPs in the first United Kingdom Parliament which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 21:33, 2 December 2022 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Swamp Thing

Real/Fictional Placement
It seems to me, as an encyclopedia article, not a "Who's Who in the DC Universe" fictional comic bio, that Fictional Character Biography should come after Publication History as it reflects the conceptual and real world development of the character which is the primary purpose of an encyclopedia article. If you were doing a report or article on the character, the fictional biography, which is generally pretty fluid and often reflects what is currently written as canon to the character, isn't the primary information that you'd be looking for. I'm not arguing that it shouldn't be included. But the Publication History and real world facts should take precedence over it. beanlynch 15:25, May 3, 2017 (UTC)

Moore Vandalism
This section is entirely untrue: ''He also caused some significant controversy by having young (assumed by many to be underage) Kate Chappel fall in love with the Swamp Thing. During her confession to him, she uttered the well-known line, "You aren't ugly. Your face is just... complex. I like it." '' There was never a character in Swamp Thing called Kate Chappel, nor did the series ever deal with underage love.

Plot summary
I cut the following section, titled "Key plot lines under Alan Moore". It has style problems, but more than that, it only describes a single plot line (or maybe one and a half). If someone really wants to do a summary of the whole series, go ahead, although there are plenty of fan sites for that. ←Hob 19:10, 2005 Feb 26 (UTC)

 * After the revelation that he is not human in 'The Anatomy Lesson' Swamp Thing Returns to Louisiana. SW's relationship with Abigail Arcane deepens, but it turns out she has been engaged in an incestuous relationship with her own uncle (disguised as her husband, who has secretly been killed). Abigail's soul is sent to hell, but in an issue modelled on Dante's Inferno, SW follows Abigail, encountering characters such as The Spectre en route, and eventually rescues her.

Just as a note, the "Saga of the Swamp Thing" link now redirects to this artice, making it a recursively pointless mess. I can only assume there was once a seperate page for this storyline/comic. I don't know much about it myself so I'm not touching it, though I assume the best thing to do is just change the link to normal text. Just a heads up to the editors working on this page.--Lord Shitzu 12:33, Mar 25, 2005 (UTC)

Collections?
With four series and so many authors, is there a coherent set of trade paperbacks available for this series? Is anyone up to the task of cataloguing them? Has someone done so already? If I want to get into the series, where's a good place to start? Moore's run kicked off the whole British Invasion of the 1980s, right? grendel|khan 16:44, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

 * Added Collections of existing TPBs. (I am not sure if the 4th series has been collected beyond Bad Seed) -Grumpyhan 16:13, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Solomon Grundy
Solomon Grundy's origin is very similar to the Heap and he was introduced at DC not long after the Heap in the early 40's. Grundy has appeared in recent years in Robinson's Starman and in some memorable episodes of Justice League Unlimited. He deserves a page of his own, but I don't have time to dig out my old Green Lantern/Starman reprints.

 * Yes, and in one of Rick Veitch's Swamp Thing storylines, Grundy almost becomes Swamp Thing's successor. (That whole bit was probably totally mystifying to anyone who wasn't familiar with DC's long history of odd characters, but the same is true of much of Moore's DC writing, not to mention Neil Gaiman...)  ←Hob 15:18, 2005 Jun 13 (UTC)

2016 6 Issue Mini Series
There is a new 6 issue series by DC Comics that started cover date March 2016. It is written by Len Wein. It is set in New 52, but not exactly as it seems to not entirely follow all of the New 52 changes to the parliament of the Green. Would that be considered a Volume 6, or just a mini series?

Can somebody share a quote from Comics Interview #102?
The section on Nancy Collins states that there is an attempt to restore a pre-Moore feeling to the series, and cites an interview in Comics Interview #102. Does anybody have this, and if so, can you share the supporting quotation, specifically the mention of Moore? Thanks.

"Concept and creation" section
I have expanded and elaborated on this subject since the previous text of this section clearly implied that Len Wein's Swamp Thing was a completely original creation, as if no influences or past works had ever existed or influenced his character.

There are no mentions at all to any other previous works pertaining to the existence of other "muck monsters" or "swamp things" so the reader might as well as think that Wein's The Swamp Thing is indeed a 100% original creation, which given the facts given would be misleading or untruthful to say the least.

I find it necessary to acknowledge the existence of previous works that dealt with the subject matter. Otherwise we would be erasing the works of other people that came before. Nothing comes from nothing. The sources I have mentioned already count with a number of well-established Wikipedia pages and articles on the Internet supported by a wealth of available information.

I don't think deleting the expanded information is the solution and if any, it would be any improvement with more new information or a better edition of the texts added. Darkalo (talk) 20:29, 30 April 2023 (UTC)
 * "Despite Wein's statement, a number of similar muck-monsters had already been featured in a number of past publications, so it is not a far-fetched assumption that he might have been acquainted with some of them by the time of his character's creation. In a 2003 interview he recalled that he was "a very sickly kid. While I was in the hospital at age seven, my dad brought me a stack of comic books to keep me occupied."" - I can't seem to access the reference you used for this. Is it just for his statement in the interview, or does it specifically say that he may have been acquainted with similar monsters?
 * The next 4 paragraphs seem to just be you pointing out that other similar creatures existed in comics.
 * "Finally and perhaps the greatest influence in the creation of DC's Swamp Thing was the brainchild of Marvel Comics editor Stan Lee and writer Roy Thomas: the Man-Thing." - Who is making that claim?
 * I'm not saying it was a completely original idea. Not much was then or now...but outside that very last bit that does appear to specifically talk about the similarities and potential legal action, everything you added still looks like WP:OR. --Onorem (talk) 21:05, 30 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you don’t understand what “original research” means. Unless you find sources that specifically compare the creation of swamp thing to these other muck monsters, it can’t be included. You looking at these other muck monsters and coming to the conclusion that since they predated Swamp Thing, they must have had an influence on his creation is the very definition of original research. Rcarter555 (talk) 07:48, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * In the end everything is original research but I see your point and how those rules apply. Maybe I could just include some of that information I presented but on the page already dedicated to muck monsters instead . I any case this is not such an issue for me so I'll give it a bit of thinking before posting anything on that other page. Thanks. Darkalo (talk) 08:30, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Television Section
This section makes a ton of references to what may have been read above, but a lot of readers looking for information on the televisions series' will go the section and have no idea what people are talking about. 184.97.31.119 (talk) 18:01, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Swamp Thing


text:
User:Dave Cohoe

I've been a Wikipedia fan since discovering it in 2004. I joined the ranks of Wikipedians in February, 2005.

Wikimedia Commons
As of September 2007, I've started uploading media contributions to Wikimedia Commons instead of the English Wikipedia.

Useful links

 * Image copyright tags
 * Source citation examples
 * Vandalism in progress
 * Village pump
 * Wikipedia awareness

Licensing
I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

title: User:Dave Cohoe


text:
Identity by descent

A DNA segment is identical by state (IBS) in two or more individuals if they have identical nucleotide sequences in this segment. An IBS segment is identical by descent (IBD) in two or more individuals if they have inherited it from a common ancestor without recombination, that is, the segment has the same ancestral origin in these individuals. DNA segments that are IBD are IBS per definition, but segments that are not IBD can still be IBS due to the same mutations in different individuals or recombinations that do not alter the segment.

Theory
All individuals in a finite population are related if traced back long enough and will, therefore, share segments of their genomes IBD. During meiosis segments of IBD are broken up by recombination. Therefore, the expected length of an IBD segment depends on the number of generations since the most recent common ancestor at the locus of the segment. The length of IBD segments that result from a common ancestor n generations in the past (therefore involving 2n meiosis) is exponentially distributed with mean 1/(2n) Morgans (M). The expected number of IBD segments decreases with the number of generations since the common ancestor at this locus. For a specific DNA segment, the probability of being IBD decreases as 2−2n since in each meiosis the probability of transmitting this segment is 1/2.

Applications
Identified IBD segments can be used for a wide range of purposes. As noted above the amount (length and number) of IBD sharing depends on the familial relationships between the tested individuals. Therefore, one application of IBD segment detection is to quantify relatedness. Measurement of relatedness can be used in forensic genetics, but can also increase information in genetic linkage mapping and help to decrease bias by undocumented relationships in standard association studies. Another application of IBD is genotype imputation and haplotype phase inference. Long shared segments of IBD, which are broken up by short regions may be indicative for phasing errors.

IBD mapping
IBD mapping is similar to linkage analysis, but can be performed without a known pedigree on a cohort of unrelated individuals. IBD mapping can be seen as a new form of association analysis that increases the power to map genes or genomic regions containing multiple rare disease susceptibility variants.

Using simulated data, Browning and Thompson showed that IBD mapping has higher power than association testing when multiple rare variants within a gene contribute to disease susceptibility. Via IBD mapping, genome-wide significant regions in isolated populations as well as outbred populations were found while standard association tests failed. Houwen et al. used IBD sharing to identify the chromosomal location of a gene responsible for benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis in an isolated fishing population. Kenny et al. also used an isolated population to fine-map a signal found by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of plasma plant sterol (PPS) levels, a surrogate measure of cholesterol absorption from the intestine. Francks et al. was able to identify a potential susceptibility locus for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with genotype data of case-control samples. Lin et al. found a genome-wide significant linkage signal in a dataset of multiple sclerosis patients. Letouzé et al. used IBD mapping to look for founder mutations in cancer samples.

IBD in population genetics
Detection of natural selection in the human genome is also possible via detected IBD segments. Selection will usually tend to increase the number of IBD segments among individuals in a population. By scanning for regions with excess IBD sharing, regions in the human genome that have been under strong, very recent selection can be identified.

In addition to that, IBD segments can be useful for measuring and identifying other influences on population structure. Gusev et al. showed that IBD segments can be used with additional modeling to estimate demographic history including bottlenecks and admixture. Using similar models Palamara et al. and Carmi et al. reconstructed the demographic history of Ashkenazi Jewish and Kenyan Maasai individuals. Botigué et al. investigated differences in African ancestry among European populations. Ralph and Coop used IBD detection to quantify the common ancestry of different European populations and Gravel et al. similarly tried to draw conclusions of the genetic history of populations in the Americas. Ringbauer et al. utilized geographic structure of IBD segments to estimate dispersal within Eastern Europe during the last centuries. Using the 1000 Genomes data Hochreiter found differences in IBD sharing between African, Asian and European populations as well as IBD segments that are shared with ancient genomes like the Neanderthal or Denisova.

Methods and software
Programs for the detection of IBD segments in unrelated individuals:
 * RAPID: Ultra-fast Identity by Descent Detection in Biobank-Scale Cohorts using Positional Burrows–Wheeler Transform
 * Parente: identifies IBD segments between pairs of individuals in unphased genotype data
 * BEAGLE/fastIBD: finds segments of IBD between pairs of individuals in genome-wide SNP data
 * BEAGLE/RefinedIBD: finds IBD segments in pairs of individuals using a hashing method and evaluates their significance via a likelihood ratio
 * IBDseq: detects pairwise IBD segments in sequencing data
 * GERMLINE: discovers in linear-time IBD segments in pairs of individuals
 * DASH: builds upon pairwise IBD segments to infer clusters of individuals likely to be sharing a single haplotype
 * PLINK: is a tool set for whole genome association and population-based linkage analyses including a method for pairwise IBD segment detection
 * Relate: estimates the probability of IBD between pairs of individuals at a specific locus using SNPs
 * MCMC_IBDfinder: is based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for finding IBD segments in multiple individuals
 * IBD-Groupon: detects group-wise IBD segments based on pairwise IBD relationships
 * HapFABIA: identifies very short IBD segments characterized by rare variants in large sequencing data simultaneously in multiple individuals

title: Identity by descent


text:
Talk:USA Roller Sports

RSROA and USARSA history missing
Where the article mentioned the merger of the RSROA and the USARSA, what it didn't mention was the history of these two organizations, and what led to their original split.

There were stylistic and political differences between the two organizations; RSROA dance skaters seemed rigid and unexpressive to ARSA skaters, while ARSA skaters seemed imprecise and wild to RSROA skaters.

Technically speaking, RSROA skaters weren't really in the RSROA, but in the USFARS (U S Federation of Amateur Roller Skaters). The RSROA was an organization of rink operators, and the teachers belonged to its sidekick SRSTA (Society of Roller Skating Teachers of America). Until the Bowerman/Prefontaine vs AAU case, an American athlete could not belong to a professional organization and still be eligible for amateur competition.

The ARSA contended that RSROA skaters were in fact professionals by association with the RSROA. On the other hand, the USFARS practiced rigid adherence to AAU rules; if you had ever been seen on television with a pair of skates on, or skated as an unpaid floor guard, you were disqualified from competing in RSROA competition. (This last rule relaxed a bit in 1967).

There were other items of interest and controversy in this split, notably rabid homophobia on the RSROA side and some amazing skaters on the ARSA side who were known to be homosexual. It is said that before the split, a skater who deserved a championship was denied it because of that.

Presumably, during the heyday of art roller skating in the 50's and 60's this split between the two sides prevented roller sports from being considered for Olympic competition. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.82.9.83 (talk) 23:27, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

 * That's some interesting material. Got any cites? Otherwise it really doesn't have a place on Wikipedia. TimBRoy (talk) 23:16, 8 July 2009 (UTC)
 * P.S.: It's good manners to sign your posts.

 * Note, that while the above does offer a very good and credible explanation of the split of the two associations, it does lack the details that one should have to fully understand what took place. To learn more, there is an excellent book: Titan and Heroes of American Roller Skating, by George Pickard - who was there. This book not only offers a detailed understanding of the "split" it includes a detailed biography on the key players of both associations. Follow this link http://www.usarsarollerskaters.org/about.html for a brief understanding of the split. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.50.133.84 (talk) 01:57, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

Fun sport
Im Chance Moyer and i have speed skate for over 3 years my rank in speed skating is freshmen. What i think about speed skating is that its a fun sport and should no be used for betting or gambling. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mrmoyer (talk • contribs) 11:27, 1 August 2009 (UTC)

USARS vs. WFTDA Controversy Missing
There is significant tension between USARS and WFTDA when it comes to roller derby: USARS claims some level of "jurisdiction" over roller sports and has Olympic aspirations for their flavor of roller derby, while WFTDA focuses on being a democratic organization made up of member leagues that focus specifically on roller derby. These tensions have existed for several years between the organizations with occasional flare-ups, and should be considered as notable as anything in roller derby. cmh (talk) 08:49, 19 July 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:USA Roller Sports


text:
Talk:Concerto Italiano

Does anyone know of Concerto Italiano travels? perhaps to the US / San Francisco? I would love to see them live.

title: Talk:Concerto Italiano


text:
John Harbeson

John Frederick Harbeson (30 July 1888 – 21 December 1986) was a rational classicist Philadelphia architect and a long-time architecture professor at the University of Pennsylvania. He was a principal in the Philadelphia design firm, Harbeson, Hough, Livingston & Larson, successors to the office of Paul Cret.

Harbeson received a B.S. in Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania in 1910, and received an M.S. in Architecture the following year. During the summers while he was in school, Harbeson worked for architect John T. Windrim. After graduation, he joined Kelsey and Cret to work on the design of the Pan-American Union Building in Washington, DC. In 1923 Harbeson became Cret's partner, along with William J. H. Hough and William Livingston. In 1925 the firm was joined by Roy Larson. After Cret's death in 1945, the younger partners followed Cret's wishes and removed Cret's name from their masthead, continuing as Harbeson, Hough, Livingston, Larson.

Harbeson is best known for his teaching at the University of Pennsylvania and respectively as one of the main teachers of the later seminal architect Louis Kahn. He served as Chair of the University's Department of Architecture from 1927 to 1935 and as Acting Dean of the School of Fine Arts at the University from 1929 to 1930.

In the early to mid-1920s, Harbeson authored a series of articles in the architectural journal, Pencil Points, on the Beaux-Arts method of architectural education (as coordinated through the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design). In 1926 these articles were published as a book, The Study of Architectural Design: With Special Reference to the Program of the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design.

Harbeson's design work was not limited to architecture. He was one of the primary designers working with the Budd Company on the Burlington's Pioneer Zephyr in 1934. Drawing on his Pioneer Zephyr experience, in 1936 he led the firm through the design project of the Burlington's Denver Zephyr.

Harbeson was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1934. In 1955 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full Academician in 1957. He served as President of the Academy from 1959 to 1962.

title: John Harbeson


text:
User talk:JSLongwell

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

One last tip: if you see a mistitled page like Z scores, you can use the 'move' button to change its title. This keeps the edit history intact, thus giving proper credit to the page's authors. —Charles P. (Mirv) 19:16, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

oberwiki
Hi there, you mentioned you're an Oberlinian. I don't know if you've come across this but a little while ago I started a wiki site for Oberlin. The next time you're bored, visit http://oberwiki.net/ -- any contributions you feel like making would be greatly appreciated. —alxndr  (t) 01:57, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:DiscountDrugMartLogo.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:DiscountDrugMartLogo.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 05:05, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

An invitation to join WikiProject Ohio
 Hi, you are listed under Category:Wikipedians in Ohio or one of its subcategories. WikiProject Ohio has been slowing down and we're looking for active Ohioans to turn that around! But first, let us introduce ourselves; we're a group of editors working to improve Wikipedia's coverage of topics related to Ohio and we're sure there's somewhere you'll fit in just fine. The project's departments include article quality assessment: We have over 5,000 articles to assess for class alone, newsletter writing: This has been delayed by a few months, and new page patrolling: Which has also been slowing down. We also have a newly formed taskforce on our over 1,000 townships at WP:OHTWP.

We have 132 members, many of which are not active within the project. If you are listed there and still received this message please accept the auotmated porcess's apologies. If you are interested in joining us please list you name here. If you're not interested please note this is a one time invite and you will never hear from us again.

If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to leave a message at our talkpage or with any member of the project, we'll be happy to answer any of your questions. We look forward to seeing you around!

Delivered by: §hepBot  ( Disable )  04:08, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

The first Wikipedian meetup in Ohio
Thanks! --Rkitko (talk) 21:07, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

You're invited! Great Buckeye Wiknic 2016

Hello there! You are invited to attend the Great Buckeye Wiknic in Columbus, Ohio on Sunday, July 10th from 1:00 to 5:00 PM! Join us for a day in the park for food and socializing with others from the Wikimedia movement. We'll be meeting up at Fred Beekman Park, a park on Ohio State University's campus.

If you're interested, please take a look at our events page for more information, including parking info, food options, and available activities. If you plan on attending, please add your name to the attendees list. We look forward to seeing you!

If you have any questions, feel free to leave one on my talk page. Thanks! ~ Super  Hamster  Talk Contribs 05:39, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

(Note: If you would like to stop receiving notifications regarding Wikimedia events around Ohio, you may remove your username from this list.)

title: User talk:JSLongwell


text:
Alpujarras

The Alpujarra (, Arabic: al-bussarat) is a natural and historical region in Andalusia, Spain, on the south slopes of the Sierra Nevada and the adjacent valley. The average elevation is 4000 feet above sea level. It extends over two provinces, Granada and Almería; it is sometimes referred to in the plural as "Las Alpujarras". There are several interpretations of this Arabic-origin name: the most convincing is that it derives from al-basharāt (البَشَرَات), meaning something like "sierra of pastures". The administrative centre of the part in Granada is Órgiva, while that of the part in Almería is Alhama de Almería.

The Sierra Nevada runs west-to-east for about 80 km. It includes the highest mountain in mainland Spain: the Mulhacén at 3479 m The term sierra nevada implies the existence of a snow field, an accumulation of permanent snow and ice. However, in the Alpujarras most of the snow melts in the spring and summer, allowing the southern slopes of the Sierra to remain green and fertile throughout the year, despite the heat of the summer sun. Water emerges from innumerable springs; human intervention has channeled it to terraced plots and to the villages.

Olives are grown on the lower slopes, and in the valley below which extends from Órgiva to Cadiar, through which flows the Guadalfeo river. The plentiful water, milder climate, and fertile land favour the cultivation of grapes, citrus, and other fruit. There is also a developing production of wine on the hills between this valley and the sea, and almond trees thrive on its southern slopes. The eastern end of the Alpujarra, towards Ugijar in the province of Almería, is much more arid.

Historical background
The terracing and the irrigation of the hillsides (the "Alpujarra alta") was the work of local Spanish Muslim people of Al-Andalus, who inhabited this area for hundreds of years after the initial Moorish conquest of 711 AD. They also created villages on the hillsides in the style to which they were accustomed in the mountains of North Africa: narrow, winding streets and small flat-roofed houses.

The Catholic "Reconquista" of Spain progressed to the extent that by 1462 only the Emirate of Granada – including the Alpujarras – was left in Muslim hands; and in 1492 the city of Granada fell to the "Catholic Monarchs". Their attempts to force Christianity on the Muslim inhabitants led to successive revolts, the Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499–1501) and the Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–1571). The revolt of 1568 was a civil war, with the Spaniards deploying large forces against this rural population and with much cruelty. The revolt ended with the death of the last Spanish Muslim leader in March 1571.

The Catholic Monarchs ordered the expulsion of the entire Muslim population from the territory of Granada, who were taken in forced marches to other parts of Spain. Only a few, considered to have genuinely converted to Christianity, were allowed to remain, so as to teach the new inhabitants the silk industry (which they were unable to maintain).

Starting in 1571, settlers were brought in from all over Spain; many came from as far away as Galicia. Though they were given various financial incentives, the re-settlement proved difficult. The population of the Alpujarra, estimated at 40,000 before the final revolt, was only about 7,000 by the end of the century.

The isolation of this mountain region caused it to remain poor and backward, until during the 20th century it was gradually opened up by improved roads. The Civil War of 1936–1939 was disastrous, as the opposing Nationalist and Republican forces fought over the area. Some villages changed hands more than once, and each time the victor exacted retribution over the vanquished. Even after the Nationalist victory in April 1939, guerrilla fighters in the mountains continued their struggle against the Guardia Civil and a locally recruited militia (Somatén) based in the villages. This conflict did not end until 1942 when the guerrilla leader was captured.

The Alpujarra today
The high villages have lost population as younger people seek work in the cities, in Spain and elsewhere in the European Union. Tourism has developed as the natural environment of this area has become better known. Visitors include day-time or weekend visitors from Granada and longer-term tourists from northern Europe. There are bus connections with Granada and Motril; as the motorway extends along the coast, the airports of Malaga and Almeria are brought closer in time. There are also numerous foreign residents, who have also brought income and employment to the area. The villages have good-quality accommodation and shops for tourists. Serrano ham, cured in Trevélez and other high-altitude villages, is a major local product. Mountain biking and walking is provided for, and the GR 7 / E4 European long-distance footpath passes through the region.

The Sierra Nevada and most of the Alta Alpujarra is protected under various national and international schemes, ensuring that the rural and the urbanistic features are preserved. The priority now is to promote "sustainable tourism" and as far as possible to extend the tourist period.

title: Alpujarras


text:
Chili Davis

Charles Theodore "Chili" Davis (born January 17, 1960) is a Jamaican-American former professional baseball player. He played as an outfielder and designated hitter from to  for the San Francisco Giants (1981–1987), California Angels (1988–1990, 1993–1996), Minnesota Twins (1991–1992), Kansas City Royals (1997) and New York Yankees (1998–1999). His first MLB coaching position after his playing career was with the Oakland Athletics from 2012 to 2014. He also coached for the Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs and the New York Mets. Davis was a switch-hitter and threw right-handed. He is the first ballplayer born in Jamaica to appear in an MLB game (although Oscar Levis played in the Negro leagues).

Early life
Born in Kingston, Jamaica, Davis moved with his three brothers and sister to Los Angeles at the age of 10. Davis originally attended Fremont High School before transferring to Susan Miller Dorsey High School in Los Angeles. In high school, Davis played catcher and first base. Prior to his first year in the minor leagues, Davis was exclusively a right-handed hitter.

Professional career
In a 19-year career, Davis was a .274 hitter with 350 home runs and 1,372 RBI in 2,436 MLB games.

Davis was an outfielder developed in the Giants minors system. In his first regular season in 1982, he hit .261 with 19 home runs, 76 RBI and 24 stolen bases, and also led all National League outfielders in assists. In 1984 Davis finished third in NL batting average (.315), behind Tony Gwynn (.351) and Lee Lacy (.321). When he led the league in fielding errors in 1986, his nine errors tied the major league record for fewest errors by a category leader. After seven seasons in San Francisco, including two All-Star appearances in 1984 and 1986, Davis signed with the Angels as a free agent before the 1988 season.

In his first two years with California, Davis hit 21 home runs with 93 RBI in 1988, and then 22 home runs with 90 RBI in 1989. In 1990, hampered by chronic back problems and defensive shortcomings, Davis moved from full-time outfield duty to a DH role. After signing with Minnesota the following year, Davis remained a DH and would do so for the rest of his career.

Davis contributed to the Twins with his switch-hitting ability, as the Twins' lineup already possessed right-handed batting Kirby Puckett and left-handed batting Kent Hrbek. Though he hit well from both sides of the plate, Davis performed better from the left side, as many switch hitters do as a result of facing more right-handed pitching. In 1991 he led the Twins in home runs (29), RBI (93), doubles (34), walks (95), intentional walks (13), times on base (244), pitches seen (2,469), games played (153), slugging average (.507), on-base percentage (.385), OPS (.892), home run frequency (18.4 at bat per home run), and most pitches seen per plate appearance (3.89). With these numbers, Davis helped Minnesota rise from a last-place finish the previous year to the AL West title. In the 1991 World Series, in which he hit two home runs, Davis and the Twins defeated the Atlanta Braves in seven games. Davis declined in production in 1992 (12 home runs and 66 RBI), and as a free agent the following year returned to the Angels.

Davis provided four years of solid production for California, including 27 home runs and a career-high 112 RBI in 1993. In 1994, he hit .311, with 26 home runs and 84 RBI, and appeared in the All-Star game in the strike-shortened 1994 season. In 1995, he hit .318 with 20 home runs and 86 RBI, and in 1996 hit .292, 28 home runs and 96 RBI. In 1997 he was traded to Kansas City for starter Mark Gubicza. In his one year with the Royals, Davis hit .279 with 90 RBI and a career-high 30 homers. Davis spent his final two seasons with the Yankees, winning his second and third World Series rings. In 1999, his final season, he hit .269 with 19 home runs and 78 RBI.

Davis finished his career with 350 home runs which ranks seventh all-time by a switch hitter, following Mickey Mantle, Eddie Murray, Chipper Jones, Mark Teixeira, Carlos Beltrán and Lance Berkman. Eleven times, Davis hit a home run from both sides of the plate in the same game and finished his career tied with Eddie Murray for first in this category, which has since been broken by Mark Teixeira, Nick Swisher and Carlos Beltrán.

Davis played in the outfield from 1981 to 1989. By 1990, he started to see more time as designated hitter in the American League. In 1993, he appeared as a pitcher for the only time in his career, pitching the final two innings of a game against the Texas Rangers. He faced seven batters, while allowing no runs, no hits, and surrendering no walks. However, he did hit batter Jose Canseco. Davis was specifically a designated hitter from 1995 to 1999, and did not log any innings in the field the final five seasons of his career.

Breakout performances

 * On August 2, 1984, Davis went a perfect 4-for-4 outdoing his teammates who only combined for three hits as the San Francisco Giants found a way to get past the Cincinnati Reds, 5–2. He also tripled while driving in 2 runs during the game which was played at Riverfront Stadium.
 * On September 15, 1987, Davis got in a tune-up for the upcoming National League Championship Series with the St. Louis Cardinals by going 4-for-4 with 2 home runs and 4 RBI in a 13–3 regular season win over the San Diego Padres. He also scored 4 runs during the contest as his San Francisco Giants would soon wrap up a 90–72 record that season.

Coaching career
Following his playing days, Davis was a hitting coach for the Australian National Baseball team for three years and was hired in 2010 by the Los Angeles Dodgers as a hitting coach for their instructional league. While there was speculation that he might join the Dodgers as a coach for the 2011 season, Davis instead joined the Pawtucket Red Sox's coaching staff as their new hitting coach. On November 25, 2011, Davis was hired to be the Oakland Athletics hitting coach. In October 2014, he returned to the east coast, as the hitting coach for the Boston Red Sox. On October 26, 2017, he was named hitting coach for the Chicago Cubs.

On October 11, 2018, Davis was relieved of duties as hitting coach for the Chicago Cubs. On November 28, 2018, Davis was named hitting coach for the New York Mets. He was fired by the Mets on May 3, 2021, after 22 games. The team had scored the second-fewest runs per game in MLB.

Personal life
Davis spends his time with his wife, Ann, and their three sons in Arizona and his family in California. He also has a sister named Olive who organized a fundraising event where Davis pitched to fund money for education.

The moniker "Chili" comes from Davis's childhood, when his father gave him a particularly poor bowl cut. Neighborhood children teased him that it looked as though someone had simply placed a chili bowl on his head to cut around, and the nickname stuck.

title: Chili Davis


text:
Western Brown High School

Western Brown High School is a public high school located in Mount Orab, Ohio, in the southwestern part of the state. It is the only high school in the Western Brown Local Schools District. The school mascot is the Bronco.

Notable alumni
Rodney J. McKinley - 15th Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force. Class of 1974.

title: Western Brown High School


text:
File:Yotsuba.jpg

Summary
Fuuka Ayase (left) and Yotsuba Koiwai (behind) riding a bike while shopping for flowers, a panel from the manga Yotsuba&! volume 3 by Kiyohiko Azuma.

Fair Use in Yotsuba&!
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * It is a low quality image
 * Of a portion of a single panel of a comic book
 * That illustrates the appearance and interactions of two of the main characters of the series,
 * Exemplifies the style of the artist, which is consistently mentioned by reviewers, and
 * Does not infringe on the owner's ability to make a profit.

title: File:Yotsuba.jpg


text:
List of members of the National Council of Switzerland, 2003–2007

This is a list of the 200 members of the Swiss National Council for the term 2003–2007.

The elections were held on October 19, 2003, and the first session opened on December 1, 2003. The final autumn session was held September 17 - October 5, 2007 and the elections for the next term on October 21, 2007.

For the abbreviations, see Political parties of Switzerland


text:
Patty Schnyder

Patty Schnyder (born 14 December 1978) is a Swiss retired tennis player. A former top 10 player in singles, she twice defeated a reigning world No. 1 player in her career: Martina Hingis at the 1998 Grand Slam Cup (by retirement) and Jennifer Capriati at the Family Circle Cup in 2002. In addition, she has notable wins over such former No. 1 players as Lindsay Davenport, Serena Williams, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Steffi Graf, Kim Clijsters, Justine Henin, Amélie Mauresmo, Maria Sharapova, Jelena Janković, Ana Ivanovic, and Caroline Wozniacki.

In her career, she reached six Grand Slam singles quarterfinals and one major singles semifinal. She won eleven WTA Tour singles titles including Zurich Open (Tier I), and five WTA doubles titles, and earned almost $8.6 million in prize money.

Personal life
On 5 December 2003, Schnyder married her German coach Rainer Hofmann, who was also an IT specialist, at a resort in Baden-Baden, Germany. In early 2014, three years following her retirement from tennis, Schnyder announced her divorce to Hofman. In November 2014, she gave birth to a daughter, Kim Ayla, and initially kept the father's name a secret. She later named Jan Heino, her current partner, as Kim's father.

1994–2011: Top-10 breakthrough, major semifinal, success on the WTA Tour
In 1996, Schnyder made her Grand Slam main-draw debut at the French Open. In 1997, she quickly rose up through the rankings, and by August 1998 she had entered the WTA top 10. However, Schnyder fell out of the top 10 in April 1999 and spent the next six years ranked in the 15–30 range before re-entering the top 10 in May 2005.

In December 2003, Schnyder married Rainer Hofmann, who had accompanied her on the WTA Tour since 1999 and became her full-time tennis coach in early 2003.

Schnyder won eleven singles titles, including a victory in Zürich (Tier-I event) over former No. 1, Lindsay Davenport, and five doubles titles. Her first title on U.S. soil came in August 2005, when she won the Cincinnati Open. Schnyder defeated four top-10 players consecutively, including Serena Williams and then-world No. 1 Jennifer Capriati, in 2002 at the Family Circle Cup in Charleston, which is the largest women-only tennis event held in the United States.

Schnyder's best Grand Slam performance came at the 2004 Australian Open, where she reached the semifinals, before falling to Kim Clijsters. Later that season, she also reached the semifinals at the Tier-I tournaments in Charleston and Zurich, two large WTA events where Schnyder compiled an excellent record.

2005 was Schnyder's most consistent overall season to date. She reached five tour finals, winning two of them (Gold Coast and Cincinnati, both Tier-III events). She was runner-up at the Tier-I events Rome (to Amélie Mauresmo) and Zurich (to Lindsay Davenport). She also reached the final in Linz (Tier II), falling to Nadia Petrova. She reached the career high of world No. 7 after the end-of-season WTA Championships.

2006 proved to be a good season for Schnyder also, staying within the top 10 and reaching the finals in Charleston (defeating top seed and defending champion Justine Henin in the semifinals and also ending Henin's winning streak on clay, though Schnyder lost to Petrova in the final), and in Stanford (falling to top seed and defending champion Kim Clijsters).

Schnyder had a mediocre year in 2007, and she lost her top-10 ranking. First, she obtained an invitation to play in the Watsons Water Champions Challenge. She reached the fourth round of the Australian Open, where she lost to Anna Chakvetadze after leading 4–1 in the first set. At the French Open, she reached the fourth round, where she had two match points against Maria Sharapova, but ended up losing 7–9 in the final set. At Wimbledon, she was beaten in the fourth round by No. 1, Justine Henin, in straight sets. At the Acura Classic in July, she reached the final, beating former No. 1 and compatriot, Martina Hingis, in three sets, and Russian Elena Dementieva, along the way, before losing to Sharapova, again in three sets. Schnyder briefly moved up due to this. However, at the US Open, she lost in the third round to the unseeded Austrian Tamira Paszek in a final-set tie-break, again wasting leads. After that, she played at the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in Stuttgart, where she lost to Ana Ivanovic. She finished her year with a run to the Generali Ladies Linz final, beating Chakvetadze in the quarterfinals and Marion Bartoli in the semifinals, before convincingly losing in the final to Hantuchová.

Schnyder began 2008 by beating Mauresmo in the quarterfinals of the Mondial Women's Hardcourts tournament in the Gold Coast before losing to Li Na in the semifinals. At the Australian Open, she lost in the second round to Australian Casey Dellacqua. She then lost in the second round of the Proximus Diamond Games to eventual finalist Karin Knapp, losing in a final-set tiebreak. She entered the Qatar Open and beat Paszek easily. She lost to Slovakia's Dominika Cibulková in the second round. Schnyder then competed in the Bangalore Open, a Tier-II event in India. She defeated Akgul Amanmuradova, in the quarterfinals, and then managed to beat Yan Zi, in the semifinal. However, she lost to Serena Williams in the final in straight sets.

Schnyder again lost to Casey Dellacqua at Wimbledon in the first round, although she played an epic match. Alongside Emmanuelle Gagliardi, Schnyder played for her team in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

At the US Open, Schnyder was seeded 15th. She beat Katarina Srebotnik in the fourth round to advance to the quarterfinals for the first time in ten years, where she lost to fifth seeded Elena Dementieva. At the Commonwealth Bank Tennis Classic, Schnyder won her first title in over three years when she defeated Tamira Paszek in the final in two sets. At the 2009 Madrid Open, Schnyder defeated world No. 10, Nadia Petrova, in the third round and world No. 4, Jelena Janković, in the quarterfinals, but lost to world No. 1, Dinara Safina, in the semifinals.

2010 was a tough year for Patty. For the first time since 1996, she did not play in the Australian Open, due to injury. But, for the second year in a row, she made it to the final in Budapest against Ágnes Szávay, but again lost. She lost two match points in the third round of the US Open and double-faulted on match point against Yanina Wickmayer. She again made her second final of the year in Linz, but suffered an upset at the hands of Ana Ivanovic, losing in straight sets in just 47 minutes.

Schnyder did not play at the beginning of the 2011 season, prior to the Australian Open, due to illness. At the Australian Open, she lost to the qualifier Lesia Tsurenko in the first round. In a March 2011 Bleacher report, Schnyder was listed as one of ten most underrated players on the WTA Tour. Schnyder signaled, after disappointing first-round losses in both singles and doubles at the Family Circle Cup, that she would indeed be retiring sometime that year. Schnyder proved in April that she was still Switzerland's No. 1 women's tennis player when she, along with Timea Bacsinszky, helped propel Switzerland back into World Group II at the Fed Cup. She announced her retirement in May 2011, stating fatigue and lack of motivation as the main reasons for cutting her tennis career short.

2015–2018: Comeback and success on the ITF Circuit, retirement
After the birth of her daughter in late 2014, Schnyder announced she wanted to "get back in shape". Hence, in mid-2015, Schnyder returned to the professional circuit and competed in ITF Circuit tournaments in Darmstadt, Germany (July) and Oldenzaal, Netherlands (August). She took her first title of her comeback in September when she won a $10k tournament in Prague, without losing a set all week. She made her second final of her comeback in Bangkok, losing to Kaia Kanepi.

In 2016, Schnyder played a complete season, competing in 20 tournaments (17 of which at ITF level). In the WTA rankings, she rose from No. 488 at beginning of the year to No. 298 at year-end. She made her comeback to the WTA Tour at the Charleston Open as wildcard, where she lost to No. 3 seed Samantha Crawford in the first round of qualifying, 2–6, 6–1, 2–6. The highlights of her 2016 season occurred at the ITF tournaments in Båstad, which she won, and Stuttgart-Vaihingen, where she reached the semifinals.

In 2017, Schnyder's comeback gained traction, as she won the ITF tournaments in Périgueux and Horb and additionally reached the finals in Essen, Biarritz and Toronto. At her home tournament in Gstaad, where she gained entry through a wildcard, she won her first main-draw match at Tour level since 2011, defeating compatriot Amra Sadiković in the first round before suffering defeat at the hands of Antonia Lottner in round two. With these results, she re-entered the top 200 and gained access to the qualifiers' draw at the US Open, where she lost to Nicole Gibbs in the second round.

In 2018, Schnyder qualified for the US Open just a few months shy of her 40th birthday. In the first round, she lost to Maria Sharapova in their first meeting in ten years. On 23 November 2018, she announced her retirement from professional tennis for the second time.

title: Patty Schnyder


text: Template:Bergen

title: Template:Bergen


text: Category:Music performance

title: Category:Music performance