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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kees A. Schouhamer Immink

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. —Korath (Talk) 14:50, Mar 17, 2005 (UTC)

Kees A. Schouhamer Immink
first the peron who created this article 137.132.3.11 has a history of vandalising a number of sites, and therefore his or her word should not be trusted with this article. I think lacks notability as well.--SqueakBox 16:05, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. A Google search seems to establish that the essential facts of this page are accurate, and the awards this individual has received would appear, in my opinion, to qualify for passing my notability bar. YMMV. HyperZonktalk 18:19, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Appears to be a notable person in the history of digital audio and video. see Capitalistroadster 19:43, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Appears to be notable. Zzyzx11 00:18, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Benenson

The surname Benenson may refer to:

 * Abram Salmon Benenson (1914–2003), American public health physician
 * Charles Benenson (1913–2004), American real estate broker
 * Emily Benenson (born 1957), American figure skater
 * Fira Benenson (1898–1977), Russian-born American fashion designer
 * Flora Solomon (née Benenson), (1895–1984) Russian-born British social activist
 * Grigori Benenson (1860–1939), Jewish Russian financier
 * Joel Benenson (born 1952), American pollster and consultant
 * Manya Harari (née Benenson), (1905–1969) Russian-born British translator of Doctor Zhivago
 * Peter Benenson (1921–2005), English lawyer and founder of Amnesty International

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Benenson


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Talk:Raphael Weldon

Biography assessment rating comment
WikiProject Biography Assessment Drives

Want to help write or improve biographies? Check out WikiProject Biography Tips for writing better articles. -- Yamara 19:49, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

Discussion
In keeping with Wikipedia convention this page should be at Walter Weldon. Any objections to that move? Guettarda 15:58, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Yes! He published as W.F.R. Weldon and was known to his friends as Raphael.

Yes! Walter Weldon is already in use for his father! Macdonald-ross (talk) 13:17, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Possible copyright problem
This article has been revised as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. (See the investigation subpage) Earlier text must not be restored, unless it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Contributors may use sources as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 10:17, 7 February 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Raphael Weldon


text: User talk:64.229.241.220

title: User talk:64.229.241.220


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Edmund Arnold

Edmund C. Arnold (June 25, 1913 – February 2, 2007) was a newspaper designer, considered by many to be the father of modern newspaper design. As a newspaper consultant, he designed more than a thousand newspapers including The Boston Globe, National Observer, Today, Toronto Star, The Kansas City Star, and many small weeklies. He also worked as the editor of The Linotype News, and as a columnist for Publisher's Auxiliary.

Early life
Arnold was born on June 25, 1913, in Bay City, Michigan, the son of Ferdinand M. and Anna I. (Begick) Arnold. As a small boy the family moved to Saginaw, Michigan. Edmund's only brother, Robert, drowned in the Saginaw Bay in a boating accident in 1938 at the age of 19.

Career
When World War II broke out, Arnold became an editor for the 70th Infantry Division's newspaper. After the war, he became a co-owner of the Michigan-based Frankenmuth News during which time his typography interest kicked in. Later on, Arnold became a picture editor of The Saginaw News. In 1954 he moved to New York City where he became an editor of popular Linotype News, an imprint of the Mergenthaler Linotype Company. Later on, he spent 44 years of his life as a newspaper design advocate columnist in a weekly trade journal, The Publishers' Auxiliary which always ended with "Arnold's Ancient Axiom". He also redid ''The Boston Globe' to make a number one newspaper again.

In 1960, Arnold became a professor at the S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications of the Syracuse University and in 1975 was named the head of the graphic arts department at Virginia Commonwealth University. Despite his retirement from the editing position in 1983, he continued to consult and conduct workshops.

He was a charter member of the Society for News Design and an author of 27 books, including the Ink on Paper (1963), Ink on Paper 2 (1972), and Modern Newspaper Design (1969).

Retirement and death
In 1983 he retired from Syracuse University but still continued to consult and conduct workshops. On February 2, 2007, Arnold died in Salem, VA. The cause of death was reported as Respiratory Disease NYTimes.com.

Awards
In 1957 Arnold, for his contribution to American journalism through typographical design was a recipient of the George Polk Memorial Award. He also was honored with SND's lifetime achievement award in 2000 from the American Press Institute. When describing the state of news design in an interview at the time he was honored, Arnold said:

"I want to put on record that I'm not an old reprobate longing for a return of the good old days. I'm more of an old father who is disappointed that his kids are only reaching 98 percent of their potential and wants them to reach 101 percent. My message to young designers is this: Look kids, you can do better, but the only way to achieve your potential is to go back to - and understand - the basics. That sounds boring, but it's reality." The seminal work on the Gutenberg diagram (Z pattern layout) is attributed to the typographer Edmund Arnold, who is said to have developed the concept in the 1950s.

title: Edmund Arnold


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Longeron

In engineering, a longeron or stringer is a load-bearing component of a framework.

The term is commonly used in connection with aircraft fuselages and automobile chassis. Longerons are used in conjunction with stringers to form structural frameworks.

Aircraft

In an aircraft fuselage, stringers are attached to formers (also called frames) and run in the longitudinal direction of the aircraft. They are primarily responsible for transferring the aerodynamic loads acting on the skin onto the frames and formers. In the wings or horizontal stabilizer, longerons run spanwise (from wing root to wing tip) and attach between the ribs. The primary function here also is to transfer the bending loads acting on the wings onto the ribs and spar.

Sometimes the terms "longeron" and "stringer" are used interchangeably. Historically, though, there is a subtle difference between the two terms. If the longitudinal members in a fuselage are few in number (usually 4 to 8) and run all along the fuselage length, then they are called "longerons". The longeron system also requires that the fuselage frames be closely spaced (about every 4 to 6 in). If the longitudinal members are numerous (usually 50 to 100) and are placed just between two formers/frames, then they are called "stringers". In the stringer system the longitudinal members are smaller and the frames are spaced farther apart (about 15 to 20 in). Generally, longerons are of larger cross-section when compared to stringers. On large modern aircraft the stringer system is more common because it is more weight-efficient, despite being more complex to construct and analyze. Some aircraft use a combination of both stringers and longerons.

Longerons often carry larger loads than stringers and also help to transfer skin loads to internal structure. Longerons nearly always attach to frames or ribs. Stringers often are not attached to anything but the skin, where they carry a portion of the fuselage bending moment through axial loading. It is not uncommon to have a mixture of longerons and stringers in the same major structural component.

Space launch vehicles
Stringers are also used in the construction of some launch vehicle propellant tanks. For example, the Falcon 9 launch vehicle uses stringers in the kerosene (RP-1) tanks, but not in the liquid oxygen tanks, on both the first and second stages.

title: Longeron


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User:Whiteash

I'm a wiki-user with particular interests in Theatre and Neopaganism.

title: User:Whiteash


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Gay Cowbourne

Gay Cowbourne is a former Canadian politician, who served on Toronto City Council, representing one of the two Scarborough East wards, between 2003 and 2006.

Originally from Liverpool, England, she moved to Canada in 1976 when her husband, an electrical engineer, got a job with Ontario Hydro. A teacher by training, she became an adult literacy instructor and community activist, and the president of the Centennial Community and Recreation Association. In the 2003 municipal election, Cowbourne successfully challenged Ron Moeser, who had represented the ward for fifteen years.

During her term, she chaired the mayor's Roundtable on Seniors. She also chaired the city's Language Equity and Literacy Working Group.

She chose not to run for re-election in 2006 and Moeser won the seat again.

title: Gay Cowbourne


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WTA Awards

This article lists the WTA Awards given by the Women's Tennis Association to players and coaches for achievements during a season or their careers.

Diamond Aces
This award is named for the late WTA trailblazer Jerry Diamond and is awarded to the player who gives endlessly to promote the game of tennis on and off the court.

Peachy Kellmeyer Player Service
Award named for Peachy Kellmeyer, former player and the first tour director of the fledgling Virginia Slims circuit (precursor of WTA Tour). In 2020, the award was presented to all the members of the WTA Players' Council, as the group "worked diligently discussing proposals and obtaining feedback to help the Tour return safely and successfully, all with a dedicated commitment to their fellow players", following the suspension of the tour due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Karen Krantzcke Sportsmanship Award
Award named for Karen Krantzcke, an Australian player who died of a heart attack whilst jogging, aged 31, on 11 April 1977. Currently this award and only one other award, the Peachy Kellmeyer Player Service, are uniquely given after a vote by fellow players.

Yearly awards

 * 2013
 * 2014
 * 2015
 * 2016
 * 2017
 * 2018
 * 2019
 * 2020

title: WTA Awards


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Orkdalen

Orkdalen or Orkladalen (Orkla Valley ) is a valley and a traditional Norwegian district in Trøndelag county, Norway. In the early Viking Age, before King Harald Fairhair, the Orkla Valley was also a petty kingdom.

The valley begins in the high Dovrefjell mountains and creates a deep, narrow valley. As the river progresses, the valley widens and flattens out. From Rennebu northwards, the valley is fairly heavily populated with good farmland. At the mouth of the river (the north end of the valley) is the town of Orkanger, the largest population centre in the valley.

The district encompasses all the municipalities that surround the Orkla River in the valley. The district includes the municipalities of Rennebu and Orkland. The municipalities of Oppdal and Skaun are often traditionally counted as a parts of the district also even though they lie outside the actual valley of the river Orkla. The river itself actually begins in Oppdal and then winds its way north to the Trondheimsfjord.

title: Orkdalen


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Saussure (crater)

Saussure is a lunar impact crater. It is located in the crater-riddled terrain in the southern hemisphere of the Moon's near side. Just to the north and nearly attached to the rim is the larger crater Orontius. About a half crater diameter due west is the slightly larger crater Pictet. Just to the east is a curving ridge in the surface, possibly the remains of a crater that has been almost completely overlaid by Saussure.

The outer rim of Saussure is worn but relatively intact, with only the southern edge being somewhat disrupted. A small impact lies across the northeastern rim and a pair of craterlets along the western edge. The inner walls are relatively featureless, and slope down to the generally level interior floor. This bottom surface is marked only by a few tiny craters.

It was named after 18th century Genevan geologist Horace-Bénédict de Saussure. He was the professor, and later colleague and friend of Marc-Auguste Pictet (eponym of nearby Pictet crater).

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Saussure.

title: Saussure (crater)


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Caco

Caco or CACO may refer to:

 * Central Asian Cooperation Organization
 * Cacos (military group), groups of Haitian armed individuals in the 19th and 20th century
 * Caco-2 cell line
 * Casualty Assistance Calls Officer, in Casualty notification
 * Qaqun, a Palestinian Arab village depopulated in 1948
 * Caco, a common nickname for the Portuguese given name Carlos
 * Caco is the nickname of Mušan Topalović, Bosnian war commander

title: Caco


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Skip's Magic Board

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 03:26, Mar 7, 2005 (UTC)

Skip's Magic Board
A forum which "opened its doors on October 30th, 2004 as a friendly outlet for members of the SDMB"...

 * Delete -- a 4 month old forum is not notable Longhair 16:03, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not enough notability. Zzyzx11 19:03, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zor

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 03:15, Mar 7, 2005 (UTC)

Zor

 * Vanity. - Mailer Diablo 16:04, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable, at least the article doesn't mention anything that makes him notable. Thue | talk 16:42, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not enough notability. Zzyzx11 19:04, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for someone whose claim to fame is being an "internet personality", his real name scores 0 Google Hits. Neither of his email addresses Google either.  His website seemed to be down when I checked, so I can't comment on that, but I do notice it isn't a personal domain.  It seems to me that an "internet personality" would at least have one of those.  Oh well. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  23:54, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Not notable. - Longhair | Talk 23:33, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zor


text:
Saint Joseph, Trinidad and Tobago

Saint Joseph was founded in 1592 by Antonio de Berrio and is the oldest town in Trinidad and Tobago. Originally named San José de Oruña, it was the capital of Spanish Trinidad between 1592 and 1783. In 1595, it was attacked and held by Sir Walter Raleigh and was used as a base for his exploration of the Orinoco River in search of the fabled city of El Dorado. Soon after his return the place was burnt and sacked.

St. Joseph is not an incorporated municipality. It falls within the boundaries of the Tunapuna–Piarco region.

It has several schools, including St. Joseph's Convent, St. Joseph Boys Roman Catholic School, St. Joseph Girls Roman Catholic School, St. Joseph Government School, St. Joseph College, T.M.L Primary School, St Joseph and St. Xavier's Preparatory School.

Tourist attractions

 * Jinnah Memorial Mosque

title: Saint Joseph, Trinidad and Tobago


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Stutz Motor Car Company

The Stutz Motor Car Company was an American automobile manufacturer based in Indianapolis, Indiana that produced high-end sports and luxury cars. The company was founded in 1911 as the Ideal Motor Car Company before merging with the Stutz Auto Parts Company in 1913. Due to the pressures of the Great Depression, the Stutz company went defunct in 1938. The Stutz Motor Car Company produced roughly 39,000 automobiles in their Indianapolis factory during their existence.

The Stutz brand was revived in 1968 as Stutz Motor Car of America, with a focus on producing Neoclassic automobiles. The company is still in existence, but sales of factory-produced vehicles ceased in 1995.

History
The Ideal Motor Car Company, organized in June 1911 by Harry C. Stutz with his friend, Henry F Campbell, began building Stutz cars in Indianapolis in 1911. They set this business up after a car built by Stutz in under five weeks and entered in the name of his Stutz Auto Parts Co. was placed 11th in the Indianapolis 500 earning it the slogan "the car that made good in a day". Ideal built what amounted to copies of the racecar with added fenders and lights and sold them with the model name Stutz Bearcat, Bear Cat being the name of the actual racecar.

The Bearcat featured a 389 CID Wisconsin brawny four-cylinder T-head engine with four valves per cylinder, one of the earliest multi-valve engines, matched with one of Harry Stutz's transaxles. Stutz Motor has also been credited with the development of "the underslung chassis," an invention that greatly enhanced the safety and cornering of motor vehicles and one that is still in use today. Stutz's "White Squadron" race team won the 1913 and 1915 national championships before withdrawing from racing in October 1915.

Stutz Motor Car Company of America
In June 1913 Ideal Motor Car Company changed its name to Stutz Motor Car Company (of Indiana) and Stutz Auto Parts Company (it manufactured Stutz's transaxle) was merged into it. To find new investment capital for expansion Stutz Motor Car Company (of Indiana) was sold in 1916 to Stutz Motor Car Company of America under an agreement with a consortium to list the specially organized holding company's stock on the New York Stock Exchange. As a part of the listing process, the number of cars produced and sold since 1912 was reported to potential investors: 1913, 759; 1914, 649; 1915, 1,079; 1916 (first six months) 874. Stutz, Campbell, Allan A. Ryan, and four others were directors. Stutz was president and Allan A. Ryan vice-president.

Harry Stutz left Stutz Motor on July 1, 1919, and together with Henry Campbell established the H. C. S. Motor Car Company and Stutz Fire Apparatus Company.

Allan Aloysius Ryan (1880–1940), father of Allan A. Ryan Jr., was left in control of Stutz Motor. Ryan Sr., and friends attempted stock manipulation which in April 1920 proved disastrous. Stutz Motor was delisted. The Stutz Motor corner was the last publicly detected intentional corner on the New York Stock Exchange. Ryan Sr., was bankrupt in August 1922 as well as disinherited by his father, Thomas Fortune Ryan. Meanwhile, two friends of Thomas Fortune Ryan found themselves with large parcels of Stutz stock, Charles Michael Schwab and Eugene Van Rensselaer Thayer Jr. (1881–1937), president of Chase National Bank.

The new owners brought in Frederick Ewan Moskowics, formerly of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft, Marmon, and Franklin, in 1923. Moskowics quickly refocused the company as a developer of safety cars, a recurring theme in the auto industry. In the case of Stutz, the car featured safety glass, a low center of gravity for better handling, and a hill-holding transmission called "Noback". A significant advance was the 1931 DOHC 32-valve in-line 8 called the "DV32" (DV for 'dual valve'). This was during the so-called "cylinders race" of the early 1930s when makers of some expensive cars were rushing to produce multi-cylinder engines. However, Stutz continued its performance heritage with the dual overhead cam, in-line 8 engine design. Brochures boasted the cars were capable of top speeds of more than 100 mph.

The following year, a 4.9 L Stutz (entered and owned by wealthy French pilot and inventor Charles Weymann ) in the hands of by Robert Bloch and Edouard Brisson finished second at the 24 Hours of Le Mans (losing to the 4.5 L Bentley of Rubin and Barnato, despite losing top gear 90 minutes from the flag ), the best result for an American car until 1966. That same year, development engineer and racing driver Frank Lockhart used a pair of supercharged 91 in3 DOHC engines in his Stutz Black Hawk Special streamliner land speed record car, while Stutz set another speed record at Daytona Beach, reaching 106.53 mph driven by Gil Andersen making it the fastest production car in America. Also in 1927, Stutz won the AAA Championship winning every race and every Stutz vehicle entered finished. In 1929, three Stutzes, with bodies designed by Gordon Buehrig, built by Weymann's U.S. subsidiary, and powered by a 155 hp, 322 CID, supercharged, straight 8 ran at Le Mans, driven by Edouard Brisson, George Eyston (of land speed racing fame), and co-drivers Philippe de Rothschild and Guy Bouriat; de Rothschild and Bouriat placed fifth after the other two cars fell out with split fuel tanks.

Stutz Motor acquired the manufacturing rights for the Pak-Age-Car, a light delivery vehicle that they had been distributing since 1927. A total of 15 new Stutz models were introduced at the 1932 New York Motor Show by Charles Schwab including the Pak-Age-Car. The delivery vehicle was put into production by Stutz's Package Car Division in March 1933 and the production of automobiles stopped. When production ended in 1935 35,000 cars had been manufactured. Stutz Motor was charged by stock manipulation again in 1935, but without the excesses that occurred in 1920.

Stutz Motor filed for bankruptcy in April 1937, though its assets exceeded its liabilities. Creditors were unable to agree on a plan for revival and in April 1939, the bankruptcy court ordered its liquidation.

Models

 * 1911–1925 Bearcat
 * 1926–1935 8-Cylinder
 * Stutz Vertical Eight AA
 * Stutz Vertical Eight BB
 * Stutz Vertical Eight M
 * Stutz Vertical Eight MA
 * Stutz Vertical Eight MB
 * Stutz Vertical Eight SV-16
 * Stutz Vertical Eight DV-32

Stutz Motor Car Company Factory
The Stutz Motor Car Company Factory, now known as the Stutz Factory, was the manufacturing facility and former headquarters of the Stutz Motor Company located at 1060 North Capitol Ave. and 217 West 10th St. in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. The site consists of two building, the Stutz Factory and the Ideal Motor Car Company Building. The Stutz Factory (now known as Stutz I) occupies 5 acre of space, bounded by West 11th and 10th streets to the north and south and North Capitol and Senate avenues to the east and west. The Ideal Motor Car Company building (now known as Stutz II) is located directly to the south of the factory, with its boundaries as West 10th street to the north, North Senate Avenue to the west, and Roanoke Street to the east.

Both structures were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.

Buildings
The original Ideal Motor Car Company building was constructed on the southwest corner of West 10th and North Roanoke streets in 1911. This portion of the building was added to in 1937, bringing the northwest portion of the building to three stories. A large-scale addition occurred 1941, which expanded the building's overall footprint to North Senate Avenue. The building was again expanded in 1946 and c. 1970. Other than the part of the building updated in 1937, the remaining structure is one story and constructed with concrete.

The factory site is a set of seven interconnected buildings constructed between 1914 and c. 1967. Each building is constructed using concrete, and are connected by brick bridges across the upper three stories. The first building of the factory (Building A) was constructed on the southeast corner of the city block, at the northwest corner of West 10th Street and North Capitol Avenues. The second building (Building B) was built in 1916 directly to the north of Building A. The third structure (Building F) was built in 1917, and added to in 1919, on the southwest corner of the city block. Buildings C and D were built to the north of Buildings B and F, and completed in 1920. Building E was also completed in 1920, and located directly to the north of Building C. Lastly, Building G was an addition to Building D that was completed around 1967. Buildings A, B, C, and E are connected using the brick bridges, while Buildings D, F, and G were connected by closing off unused alleys in the 1950s.

The Stutz Factory is constructed in the Daylight Factory style. Daylight Factory is a type of reinforced concrete frame industrial building that utilized a patented modular structural system that allowed larger windows and increased lighting into the building.

Adaptive reuse
After the Stutz company folded, Eli Lilly and Company moved into the space in 1940. Lilly used the factory to house its Creative Packaging division until 1982.

After sitting vacant for more than a decade, Indianapolis-based real estate developer Turner Woodard purchased the Stutz Factory in 1993. Woodard reimagined the space as an artist community, with an annual artist showcase that became a focal point of the Indianapolis arts community. The building also housed other small businesses.

In 2021, Woodard sold the building to real estate investment firm SomeraRoad, who planned to redevelop the site into a work-play destination. After a $100 million redevelopment, the new Stutz site reopened in May 2023 with restaurants, coffee shops, a bakery, and a brewpub.

Revival as Stutz Motor Car of America
In August 1968, New York banker James O'Donnell raised funds and incorporated Stutz Motor Car of America. A prototype of Virgil Exner's Stutz Blackhawk was produced by Ghia, and the car debuted in 1970. All these cars used General Motors running gear, featuring perimeter-type chassis frames, automatic transmission, power steering and power brakes with discs at the front. Features included electric windows, air conditioning, central locking, electric seats, and leather upholstery. The sedans typically included a console for beverages in the rear seat. Engines were V8s, originally 6.6 or, but by 1984 the Victoria, Blackhawk, and Bearcat came with a 160 hp, 5736 cc engine while the Royale had a 6962 cc Oldsmobile engine rated at 180 hp.

This incarnation of Stutz had some reasonable success selling newly designed Blackhawks, Bearcats, Royale Limousines, IV Portes, and Victorias. Elvis Presley bought the first Blackhawk in 1971, and later purchased three more. Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Evel Knievel, Barry White, and Sammy Davis Jr. all owned Stutz cars. The Stutz Blackhawk owned by Lucille Ball was for a time on display at the Imperial Palace Hotel and Casino Auto Collection in Las Vegas. The Stutz was marketed as the "World's Most Expensive Car" with a Royale limousine priced at $285,000 and a Blackhawk coupé over US$115,000 in 1984. However, other producers sold secret cars for much more, and the much more expensive Ferrari F40 appeared just 2 years later.

Production was limited and an estimated 617 cars were built during the company's first 25 years of existence (1971–1995). Sales of Stutz began to wane in 1985, but continued until 1995. Warren Liu became its main shareholder and took over ownership of Stutz Motor Cars in 1982.

Stutz models II

 * Stutz Motor Car of America (Neoclassic automobiles)
 * 1970–1987 Blackhawk (coupe)
 * 1970–1979 - based on the Pontiac Grand Prix
 * 1980–1987 - based on the Pontiac Bonneville
 * 1979–1995 Bearcat (convertible)
 * 1977 - a converted Blackhawk
 * 1979 - based on the Pontiac Grand Prix
 * 1980–1986 - based on the Pontiac Bonneville, Buick LeSabre, or Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale
 * 1987–1995 - based on the Pontiac Firebird or Chevrolet Camaro
 * 1970–1987 Duplex/IV-Porte/Victoria (sedan)
 * 197? Duplex
 * 1977–1987 IV-Porte - based on the Pontiac Bonneville, Buick LeSabre, or Oldsmobile 88
 * 1981– 1987 Victoria
 * Diplomatica/Royale (limousine)
 * Diplomatica - based on the Cadillac DeVille
 * Royale - super-long limousine
 * 1984– Defender/Gazelle/Bear - Chevrolet Suburban-based armored SUV
 * Gazelle - military SUV with mounted machine gun
 * Bear - four-door convertible

title: Stutz Motor Car Company


text: User talk:82.131.20.239

title: User talk:82.131.20.239


text:
Wurzelbauer (crater)

Wurzelbauer is the remnant of a lunar impact crater. It was named after German astronomer Johann Philipp von Wurzelbauer. It is located in the rugged terrain of the Moon's southern hemisphere. The slightly smaller crater Gauricus lies next to the eastern rim, while to the north-northeast is Pitatus.

The rim of this crater has been deeply eroded, and now forms a low, somewhat irregular ridge around the interior floor. Along the southeastern rim is Wurzelbauer B, while Wurzelbauer A is nearly attached to the southern rim. A short chain of craters lies across the northern rim.

The western half of the interior floor is somewhat more irregular than the east, with a complex of low ridges covering parts of the surface. The western edge of the floor is marked by a section of the ray system radiating from Tycho to the south-southeast.

Satellite craters
By convention, these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Wurzelbauer.

title: Wurzelbauer (crater)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Score magazine

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 17:07, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Score magazine
This is spam and needs cleanup. It may however, be spam on a notable subject, or just any old random porn mag, but erm I think we need to decide this. If we cut out the crap it becomes, "Score mag is a porn mag founded in 1993 with pictures of women with big breasts in", so I'm leaning towards delete, partiuclarly with the contempt that spammers have shown fo rthe wiki process. Dunc|☺ 16:20, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as it is. It's long, but lots of the information is trivial in an encyclopedic context (the dressing room has a jacuzzi?  so what?).  However a quick look around shows at least four other publications with the same name, maybe an article could be rewritten for one of these: http://score.fr a french printed cinema magazine http://www.filmscoremonthly.com/ online magazine about film & TV scores http://www.scoregolf.com/ golf magazine, both print and online, and Amazon lists something expensive called Score and published by "Society Of Composers & Lyricists" ... it seems to be their quarterly newsletter, according to http://www.thescl.com/site/scl/section.php?id=4505 Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  23:45, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but major rewrite needed. I don't see a problem with an article on this particular magazine, as it does have some notability on its own merit. Score Group, which publishes it, puts out a whack of other magazines, too. But it needs some major reworking to remove the spammy and POV elements. Plus, I recommend replacing the cover scan with just the logo, as the illustration might cause offense. 23skidoo 00:54, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this article is advertising and a porn site directory --nixie 04:29, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur with Starblind, delete. Radiant! 09:03, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as advertising and copyvios from all over the place (pick almost any sentence and google it) and maybe list on Requested articles. —Korath (Talk) 09:03, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but major rewrite needed. Hello everybody. Thank you for bringing up this discussion. I am the person who wrote this article. True. The article is biased. I worked for the Score Group for three years and have come to learn the operation in-depth. I came into contact with all aspects of their business and work very closely with the owners themselves, who I learn to sincerely appreciate. Having had some experience in this industry I came to the realization that what Mr. Fox had done over the years was not only a highly professional, respectful endeavour but also a benchmark to others in this field. Mr. Fox himself spent not less than 12 hours a day at the office and his attention to detail was unbearable to us, employees.

You can call this smut, you can call it self-promotion, but the truth is that I felt I could truly make a contribution in this particular niche and about this particular magazine. I no longer work for them. I quit my job on October 2003 and presently do not maintain contact with anybody at the office so this article could hardly be construed as self-promotional. All this data can be easily verified by calling the company and talking to any of the owners or Human Resources Dpt.

Indeed, the article is biased but because of my personal appreciation of what they had given me over the years. This is why I agree that a rewrite may be needed. As you can see in my profile (contributions) I could not seriously be considered a spammer for this is the only article I wrote. I would specially take note at how hard I worked on this article given all the rewrite that took place. Some of the free samples about the magazine are mine, such as adult-magazine.ws. Other sites had been found on the net.

I am aware there could be conflicts of interest in this area and that some of the opinions voiced here may carry, perhaps, ulterior motives, but I may also be wrong about this and everyone participating here might have a sincere desire to make this article as impartial as possible. My understanding of the essence of wikipedia is that contributors are welcomed as long as they can prove to have some expertise in some areas and be willing to offer an impartial, wholesome view. I failed in the second aim but I invite others to help me rewrite this article in a way that can be accepted. Please bear in mind that I have left open most of the local links so that OTHERS could contribute as well. Further proof that I was not attempting to spam or create a promotional page. The article had been reviewed by others months ago (about 4 months) and was never objected. This makes me think twice about why it has raised concerns now...

Finally, I must apologize because of my language is not english, but spanish. So my effort in writing the article and communicating with you has been and is considerable.

Thank you. Wikirober 11:13, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Added: Regarding the comment 'Plus, I recommend replacing the cover scan with just the logo, as the illustration might cause offense'... I understand some people may prefer not to have breast models (dressed) pictured on wikipedia, even if it does not violate TOS, but if you remove this cover you remove the heart of what SCORE is about. Both showcased models, Julia Miles and Linsey Dawn Mckenzie (under contract) are closest to the true essence of what this organization is about. That cover hasn't been placed randomly but has been carefully selected among hundreds because of what those two ladies represent. There is NO other model that carries The Score Group legacy better than LDM. I believe this particular cover is an honest representation of their mark.

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Moschato

Moschato (Μοσχάτο) is a town and a suburb in the southwestern part of the Athens agglomeration, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Moschato-Tavros, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.

Geography
Moschato is situated on the Phaleron Bay coast, east of the mouth of the river Cephissus. The municipal unit has an area of 2.325 km2. It is 6 km southwest of Athens city centre and 3 km east of Piraeus. The southern end of Motorway 1 (Athens - Thessaloniki) is in Moschato. Other important roads are Poseidonos Avenue along the coast and Peiraios Street in the north. The main squares of Moschato are Metamorfoseos Sotiris Square on Makrygianni Avenue, with the eponymous church, and Iroon Polytechneiou Square with the City Hall.

Climate
Moschato which is located in the Athens Riviera, has a hot semi-arid climate. It has mild winters and hot summers, with particularly warm summer nights.

Transport

The Moschato metro station is served by Athens Metro Line 1, which connects it with Piraeus and central Athens. Moschato is also served by the Athens Tram network, and by the bus routes 914, 860, 229, 217, 101, B1, 500, 130, 049, 040, 232, 218, C1, 420 and A1.

Culture
The local fair is held on 6 August every year, festivities starting from the 5th, when the cathedral of Aghia Sotira (Our Christ Saviour) has its religious holiday.

Moschato is known for its Carnival celebrations held every year approximately two weeks before Clean Monday (Kathara Deytera). Festivities for all ages are held throughout the town and more specific at the Tent (Tenta) that the municipal puts up at the Korai Str. square. Delegations from many cities across Greece as well as foreign communities take part in this two week festivity. Teenagers have the opportunity to take part in a large Treasure/Scavenger Hunt (Kinigi toy Chamenou Thisavrou) which takes place in all of Moschato and lasts for the entire two weeks, engaging into games, singing contests, citywide treasure hunts, masquerade competitions and with the chance of winning prizes, trips and many other gifts.

title: Moschato


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Talk:Nigel Ashford

from Vfd
On 18 Feb 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. See Votes for deletion/Nigel Ashford for a record of the discussion.

title: Talk:Nigel Ashford


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Padilla

Padilla may refer to:

Places

 * Padilla Municipality, Tamaulipas, in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas
 * Padilla, Cauca, in Colombia
 * Padilla, Bolivia
 * Moises Padilla, Negros Occidental, in the Philippines
 * Padilla Bay, in the U.S. state of Washington
 * Padilla de Abajo, in Spain
 * Padilla de Arriba, in Spain

Other uses

 * Padilla (surname)
 * Padilla v. Kentucky, a United States Supreme Court case pertaining to the immigration consequences faced by lawful permanent residents who are convicted of crimes, and their rights to be warned of those consequences
 * Rumsfeld v. Padilla, a United States Supreme Court case pertaining to the War on Terror and defendant José Padilla
 * Padilla (cigar brand), a brand of cigars launched in 2003 by Ernesto Padilla
 * Padilla (spider), a genus of jumping spiders
 * Almirante Padilla-class frigate, a class of four ships of the Colombian Navy

title: Padilla


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of deaf people

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Deathphoenix 01:59, 16 Mar 2005 (UTC)

List of deaf people

 * Inappropriate article for an encyclopedia. Perhaps a better article title? Alex.tan 16:34, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Sorry but I don't see that a list of people who achieved notability in spite of such a handicap is inappropriate. But perhaps the title is not considered PC? — RJH 17:05, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't see anything wrong with this list either, although including everybody who lost their hearing in old age might make it unwieldy. sjorford →•← 17:20, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't think "deaf" is an un-PC word, given the number of charities that use it in their names (RNID, etc). Nick04 19:19, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. What is this, some sort of vendetta on deaf articles? Please note that I've been trying to get to this article to improve it but the anti-deaf crowd at Wiki is attacking deaf articles so frequently I haven't had the time. Inappropriate?  With all due respect, it's a much needed article. Don't delete! No! No! No!. Just because the article can't be worked on on Alex's timetable is no reason to delete it. Oh! Now I see. Alex is an M.D. who believes medical science trumps social science. Ray Foster 19:35, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep this definitely Yuckfoo 19:38, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, then create a category of notable deaf people (we wouldn't want everybody's grandma in there, after all). Radiant! 21:27, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * I suspect that I see where the problem lies. It's nothing to do with political correctness or vendettas. Not assuming good faith has blinded you to the obvious. Ray Foster looks at the title but instead reads List of deaf people notable for their leadership and accomplishments; whereas Alex.tan looks at the title (and the opening paragraph of the article), reads List of deaf people, and is horrified at the prospect of Wikipedia becoming a directory of people who are deaf, a prospect that those who have dealt with how lists tend to grow will find all too probable. This article needs to be Renamed to nip things in the bud. That could have been done immediately, by just being bold, without need for bringing the article to WP:VFD. Uncle G 21:43, 2005 Mar 1 (UTC)
 * I don't think it needs to be renamed. Notability is implicit for lists. Keep. Gazpacho 00:07, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * A notability barrier is implicit for the lists themselves as a whole, but not necessarily for their individual entries. Indeed, one of the ways of including information that does not warrant an article in its own right is to include it within a list, providing context.  Unfortunately, there's a tendency to over-wikify lists, especially lists of people.  Then as a consequence of that people "helpfully" re-colour redlinks by adding sub-stub biographical articles that will never expand.  And as the edit history of this article shows, we've already had non-notable deaf people added to it as redlinks at least once. This article does not make the inclusion criteria clear.  It's title gives no clue that it is not a "list of deaf people", neither does its opening paragraph, and one has to read to the very end of the preamble to see the phrase "notable for their leadership and accomplishments" occur at all. The case for renaming is a strong one. Uncle G 13:27, 2005 Mar 2 (UTC)
 * Keep, see Talk:Deaf for ongoing discussion on cleanup/renaming. --Pengo 22:38, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I see nothing wrong with the word "deaf", and I think it's already obvious that only notable people should be included on the list. If we have a problem, we can always make it a redirect to List of notable deaf people. Binadot 22:46, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but I think all the "in later life" entries should be removed. Just about everyone who lives to a certain age experiences some degree of hearing loss. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 00:18, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Even if there is a category, it doesn't serve the same purpose as a category. RickK 06:21, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep if the name is changed to List of notable deaf people and all the entries can be verified. Those who have lost part of their hearing due to old age do not necessarily apply - Skysmith 09:30, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Thalhimers

Thalhimers was a department store chain in the Southern United States. Based in Richmond, Virginia, the chain at its peak operated dozens of stores in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and one store in Memphis, Tennessee. Thalhimer's traditions were most notable during the holiday season with visits from the sticker-distributing Snow Bear and, in later years, the arrival of Lego Land at the downtown Richmond store.

History
William Thalhimer immigrated to the Richmond area from Germany in the early 19th century. In 1842 he opened a dry good store which his grandson, William B. Thalhimer, transformed into Richmond's first department store. In 1978, the company, developed into a regional department store chain, was acquired by California-based Carter Hawley Hale Stores.

At one time, Carter Hawley Hale owned several notable department stores, including upscale Neiman-Marcus and John Wanamaker. After poor financial results throughout the 1980s, and saddled by the effects of leveraged debt from fending off two leveraged buyout attempts, in 1990, Carter Hawley Hale decided to concentrate on its West Coast department stores such as The Broadway, The Emporium, and Capwell's and sold Thalhimers to St. Louis-based May Company for US$325 million.

The Winston-Salem, North Carolina store, housed in the Sosnik-Morris-Early Commercial Block, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

In February 1992, Thalhimers was merged into The Hecht Company (May's Washington, DC division), and nearly all locations were rebranded as Hecht's, excluding the two Charleston, SC stores and the Memphis, TN store which were sold to Dillard's, and the store at Lynnhaven Mall, which remained open as Thalhimers until May 1992. The Lynnhaven store became a second Hecht's location in November of that year.

After Federated Department Stores acquired the May Company in 2005, in 2006 when Federated dissolved May's brands, while most of the Hecht's division became part of Macy's East, the Hecht's stores in much of the former Thalhimers territory became part of Macy's South along with the Macy's stores in Louisiana and most of the Foley's stores in Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas (the latter excluding the El Paso area stores, which became part of Macy's West).

Downtown Richmond store
An addition to Thalhimers six-story flagship store at Seventh and Broad Streets was built in 1939. Its restaurant, the Richmond Room, was the source of many recipes still published today. The Richmond Room also had a fast food spin-off, the fried chicken chain Golden Skillet. For many years it and its main rival, Miller & Rhoads, were the fashionable retail anchors for downtown Richmond.

On February 22, 1960, a group of students from Virginia Union University, called the Richmond 34, staged a protest against racial segregation at the Richmond Room. All 34 protesters were arrested, the city's first mass arrests of the Civil Rights Movement. The case of Raymond B. Randolph, Jr. v. Commonwealth of Virginia (1961) would test whether trespassing laws constituted a violation of free speech.

Along with several other Thalhimers locations, the downtown flagship closed on January 22, 1992, after purchase by the May Company. It had been the last major department store in the once-bustling retail corridor; Miller & Rhoads had closed in January 1990. The building remained vacant until it was demolished on June 12, 2004, to make way for a performing arts center.

The department store's history, along with the history of the Thalhimer family, has been chronicled in the 2010 book Finding Thalhimers by Elizabeth Thalhimer Smartt, the great-great-great-granddaughter of founder William Thalhimer.

title: Thalhimers


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User:Giantsquid

i can smell your blood. ^_^

title: User:Giantsquid


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Investment management

Investment management (sometimes referred to more generally as asset management) is the professional asset management of various securities, including shareholdings, bonds, and other assets, such as real estate, to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of investors. Investors may be institutions, such as insurance companies, pension funds, corporations, charities, educational establishments, or private investors, either directly via investment contracts/mandates or via collective investment schemes like mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, or Real estate investment trusts.

== Investment == Venture the board includes expertly overseeing speculation portfolios for the benefit of clients to accomplish their monetary objectives. This incorporates key resource designation, developing broadened portfolios, and effectively observing execution while relieving gambles. Speculation administrators use exploration and examination to recognize valuable open doors and pursue informed choices, guaranteeing portfolios line up with client targets and hazard resilience. In addition, successful investment management requires adherence to ethical standards, compliance with regulations, and effective communication with clients.

The term investment management is often used to refer to the management of investment funds, most often specializing in private and public equity, real assets, alternative assets, and/or bonds. The more generic term asset management may refer to management of assets not necessarily primarily held for investment purposes.

Most investment management clients can be classified as either institutional or retail/advisory, depending on if the client is an institution or private individual/family trust. Investment managers who specialize in advisory or discretionary management on behalf of (normally wealthy) private investors may often refer to their services as money management or portfolio management within the context of "private banking". Wealth management by financial advisors takes a more holistic view of a client, with allocations to particular asset management strategies.

The term fund manager, or investment adviser in the United States, refers to both a firm that provides investment management services and to the individual who directs fund management decisions.

The five largest asset managers are holding 22.7 percent of the externally held assets. Nevertheless, the market concentration, measured via the Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index, could be estimated at 173.4 in 2018, showing that the industry is not very concentrated.

Industry scope
The business of investment has several facets, the employment of professional fund managers, research (of individual assets and asset classes), dealing, settlement, marketing, internal auditing, and the preparation of reports for clients. The largest financial fund managers are firms that exhibit all the complexity their size demands. Apart from the people who bring in the money (marketers) and the people who direct investment (the fund managers), there are compliance staff (to ensure accord with legislative and regulatory constraints), internal auditors of various kinds (to examine internal systems and controls), financial controllers (to account for the institutions' own money and costs), computer experts, and "back office" employees (to track and record transactions and fund valuations for up to thousands of clients per institution).

Key problems of running such businesses
Key problems include:
 * Revenue is directly linked to market valuations, so a major fall in asset prices can cause a precipitous decline in revenues relative to costs.
 * Above-average fund performance is difficult to sustain, and clients may not be patient during times of poor performance.
 * Successful fund managers are expensive and may be headhunted by competitors.
 * Above-average fund performance appears to be dependent on the unique skills of the fund manager; however, clients are loath to stake their investments on the ability of a few individuals- they would rather see firm-wide success, attributable to a single philosophy and internal discipline.
 * Analysts who generate above-average returns often become sufficiently wealthy that they avoid corporate employment in favor of managing their personal portfolios.

Representing the owners of shares
Institutions often control huge shareholdings. In most cases, they are acting as fiduciary agents rather than principals (direct owners). The owners of shares theoretically have great power to alter the companies via the voting rights the shares carry and the consequent ability to pressure managements, and if necessary out-vote them at annual and other meetings.

In practice, the ultimate owners of shares often do not exercise the power they collectively hold (because the owners are many, each with small holdings); financial institutions (as agents) sometimes do. Institutional shareholders should exercise more active influence over the companies in which they hold shares (e.g., to hold managers to account, to ensure Board's effective functioning). Such action would add a pressure group to those (the regulators and the Board) overseeing management.

However, there is the problem of how the institution should exercise this power. One way is for the institution to decide, the other is for the institution to poll its beneficiaries. Assuming that the institution polls, should it then: (i) Vote the entire holding as directed by the majority of votes cast? (ii) Split the vote (where this is allowed) according to the proportions of the vote? (iii) Or respect the abstainers and only vote the respondents' holdings?

The price signals generated by large active managers holding or not holding the stock may contribute to management change. For example, this is the case when a large active manager sells his position in a company, leading to (possibly) a decline in the stock price, but more importantly a loss of confidence by the markets in the management of the company, thus precipitating changes in the management team.

Some institutions have been more vocal and active in pursuing such matters; for instance, some firms believe that there are investment advantages to accumulating substantial minority shareholdings (i.e. 10% or more) and putting pressure on management to implement significant changes in the business. In some cases, institutions with minority holdings work together to force management change. Perhaps more frequent is the sustained pressure that large institutions bring to bear on management teams through persuasive discourse and PR. On the other hand, some of the largest investment managers—such as BlackRock and Vanguard—advocate simply owning every company, reducing the incentive to influence management teams. A reason for this last strategy is that the investment manager prefers a closer, more open, and honest relationship with a company's management team than would exist if they exercised control; allowing them to make a better investment decision.

The national context in which shareholder representation considerations are set is variable and important. The USA is a litigious society and shareholders use the law as a lever to pressure management teams. In Japan, it is traditional for shareholders to be below in the 'pecking order', which often allows management and labor to ignore the rights of the ultimate owners. Whereas US firms generally cater to shareholders, Japanese businesses generally exhibit a stakeholder mentality, in which they seek consensus amongst all interested parties (against a background of strong unions and labor legislation).

Size of the global fund management industry
Conventional assets under management of the global fund management industry increased by 10% in 2010, to $79.3 trillion. Pension assets accounted for $29.9 trillion of the total, with $24.7 trillion invested in mutual funds and $24.6 trillion in insurance funds. Together with alternative assets (sovereign wealth funds, hedge funds, private equity funds, and exchange-traded funds) and funds of wealthy individuals, assets of the global fund management industry totalled around $117 trillion. Growth in 2010 followed a 14% increase in the previous year and was due both to the recovery in equity markets during the year and an inflow of new funds.

The US remained by far the biggest source of funds, accounting for around a half of conventional assets under management or some $36 trillion. The UK was the second-largest centre in the world and by far the largest in Europe with around 8% of the global total.

Philosophy, process, and people
The 3-P's (Philosophy, Process, and People) are often used to describe the reasons why the manager can produce above-average results.
 * Philosophy refers to the overarching beliefs of the investment organization. For example: (i) Does the manager buy growth or value shares, or a combination of the two (and why)? (ii) Do they believe in market timing (and on what evidence)? (iii) Do they rely on external research or do they employ a team of researchers? It is helpful if all of such fundamental beliefs are supported by proof-statements.
 * Process refers to how the overall philosophy is implemented. For example: (i) Which universe of assets is explored before particular assets are chosen as suitable investments? (ii) How does the manager decide what to buy and when? (iii) How does the manager decide what to sell and when? (iv) Who takes the decisions and are they taken by committee? (v) What controls are in place to ensure that a rogue fund (one very different from others and from what is intended) cannot arise?
 * People refer to the staff, especially the fund managers. The questions are, Who are they? How are they selected? How old are they? Who reports to whom? How deep is the team (and do all the members understand the philosophy and process they are supposed to be using)? And most important of all, How long has the team been working together? This last question is vital because whatever performance record was presented at the outset of the relationship with the client may or may not relate to (have been produced by) a team that is still in place. If the team has changed greatly (high staff turnover or changes to the team), then arguably the performance record is completely unrelated to the existing team (of fund managers).

Ethical principles
Ethical or religious principles may be used to determine or guide the way in which money is invested. Christians tend to follow the Biblical scripture. Several religions follow Mosaic law which proscribed the charging of interest. The Quakers forbade involvement in the slave trade and so started the concept of ethical investment.

Investment managers and portfolio structures
At the heart of the investment management industry are the managers who invest and divest client investments.

A certified company investment advisor should conduct an assessment of each client's individual needs and risk profile. The advisor then recommends appropriate investments.

Asset allocation
The different asset class definitions are widely debated, but four common divisions are cash and fixed income (such as certificates of deposit), stocks, bonds and real estate. The exercise of allocating funds among these assets (and among individual securities within each asset class) is what investment management firms are paid for. Asset classes exhibit different market dynamics, and different interaction effects; thus, the allocation of money among asset classes will have a significant effect on the performance of the fund. Some research suggests that allocation among asset classes has more predictive power than the choice of individual holdings in determining portfolio return. Arguably, the skill of a successful investment manager resides in constructing the asset allocation, and separating individual holdings, to outperform certain benchmarks (e.g., the peer group of competing funds, bonds, and stock indices).

Long-term returns
It is important to look at the evidence on the long-term returns to different assets, and to holding period returns (the returns that accrue on average over different lengths of investment). For example, over very long holding periods (e.g. 10+ years) in most countries, equities have generated higher returns than bonds, and bonds have generated higher returns than cash. According to financial theory, this is because equities are riskier (more volatile) than bonds which are themselves riskier than cash.

Diversification
Against the background of the asset allocation, fund managers consider the degree of diversification that makes sense for a given client (given its risk preferences) and construct a list of planned holdings accordingly. The list will indicate what percentage of the fund should be invested in each particular stock or bond. The theory of portfolio diversification was originated by Markowitz (and many others). Effective diversification requires management of the correlation between the asset returns and the liability returns, issues internal to the portfolio (individual holdings volatility), and cross-correlations between the returns.

Investment styles
There is a range of different styles of fund management that the institution can implement. For example, growth, value, growth at a reasonable price (GARP), market neutral, small capitalisation, indexed, etc. Each of these approaches has its distinctive features, adherents, and in any particular financial environment, distinctive risk characteristics. For example, there is evidence that growth styles (buying rapidly growing earnings) are especially effective when the companies able to generate such growth are scarce; conversely, when such growth is plentiful, then there is evidence that value styles tend to outperform the indices particularly successfully.

Large asset managers are increasingly profiling their equity portfolio managers to trade their orders more effectively. While this strategy is less effective with small-cap trades, it has been effective for portfolios with large-cap companies.

Performance measurement
Fund performance is often thought to be the acid test of fund management, and in the institutional context, accurate measurement is a necessity. For that purpose, institutions measure the performance of each fund (and usually for internal purposes components of each fund) under their management, and performance is also measured by external firms that specialize in performance measurement. The leading performance measurement firms (e.g. Russell Investment Group in the US or BI-SAM in Europe) compile aggregate industry data, e.g., showing how funds in general performed against given performance indices and peer groups over various periods.

In a typical case (let us say an equity fund), the calculation would be made (as far as the client is concerned) every quarter and would show a percentage change compared with the prior quarter (e.g., +4.6% total return in US dollars). This figure would be compared with other similar funds managed within the institution (for purposes of monitoring internal controls), with performance data for peer group funds, and with relevant indices (where available) or tailor-made performance benchmarks where appropriate. The specialist performance measurement firms calculate quartile and decile data and close attention would be paid to the (percentile) ranking of any fund.

It is probably appropriate for an investment firm to persuade its clients to assess performance over longer periods (e.g., 3 to 5 years) to smooth out very short-term fluctuations in performance and the influence of the business cycle. This can be difficult however and, industry-wide, there is a serious preoccupation with short-term numbers and the effect on the relationship with clients (and resultant business risks for the institutions). One effective solution to this problem is to include a minimum evaluation period in the investment management agreement, whereby the minimum evaluation period equals the investment manager's investment horizon.

An enduring problem is whether to measure before-tax or after-tax performance. After-tax measurement represents the benefit to the investor, but investors' tax positions may vary. Before-tax measurement can be misleading, especially in regimens that tax realised capital gains (and not unrealised). It is thus possible that successful active managers (measured before tax) may produce miserable after-tax results. One possible solution is to report the after-tax position of some standard taxpayer.

Risk-adjusted performance measurement
Performance measurement should not be reduced to the evaluation of fund returns alone, but must also integrate other fund elements that would be of interest to investors, such as the measure of risk taken. Several other aspects are also part of performance measurement: evaluating if managers have succeeded in reaching their objective, i.e. if their return was sufficiently high to reward the risks taken; how they compare to their peers; and finally, whether the portfolio management results were due to luck or the manager's skill. The need to answer all these questions has led to the development of more sophisticated performance measures, many of which originate in modern portfolio theory. Modern portfolio theory established the quantitative link that exists between portfolio risk and returns. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) developed by Sharpe (1964) highlighted the notion of rewarding risk and produced the first performance indicators, be they risk-adjusted ratios (Sharpe ratio, information ratio) or differential returns compared to benchmarks (alphas). The Sharpe ratio is the simplest and best-known performance measure. It measures the return of a portfolio over above the risk-free rate, compared to the total risk of the portfolio. This measure is said to be absolute, as it does not refer to any benchmark, avoiding drawbacks related to a poor choice of benchmark. Meanwhile, it does not allow the separation of the performance of the market in which the portfolio is invested from that of the manager. The information ratio is a more general form of the Sharpe ratio in which the risk-free asset is replaced by a benchmark portfolio. This measure is relative, as it evaluates portfolio performance about a benchmark, making the result strongly dependent on this benchmark choice.

Portfolio alpha is obtained by measuring the difference between the return of the portfolio and that of a benchmark portfolio. This measure appears to be the only reliable performance measure to evaluate active management. we have to distinguish between normal returns, provided by the fair reward for portfolio exposure to different risks, and obtained through passive management, from abnormal performance (or outperformance) due to the manager's skill (or luck), whether through market timing, stock picking, or good fortune. The first component is related to allocation and style investment choices, which may not be under the sole control of the manager, and depends on the economic context, while the second component is an evaluation of the success of the manager's decisions. Only the latter, measured by alpha, allows the evaluation of the manager's true performance (but then, only if you assume that any outperformance is due to the skill and not luck).

Portfolio returns may be evaluated using factor models. The first model, proposed by Jensen (1968), relies on the CAPM and explains portfolio returns with the market index as the only factor. It quickly becomes clear, however, that one factor is not enough to explain the returns very well and that other factors have to be considered. Multi-factor models were developed as an alternative to the CAPM, allowing a better description of portfolio risks and a more accurate evaluation of a portfolio's performance. For example, Fama and French (1993) have highlighted two important factors that characterize a company's risk in addition to market risk. These factors are the book-to-market ratio and the company's size as measured by its market capitalization. Fama and French-, therefore proposed a three-factor model to describe portfolio normal returns (Fama–French three-factor model). Carhart (1997) proposed adding momentum as a fourth factor to allow the short-term persistence of returns to be taken into account. Also of interest for performance measurement is Sharpe's (1992) style analysis model, in which factors are style indices. This model allows a custom benchmark for each portfolio to be developed, using the linear combination of style indices that best replicate portfolio style allocation, and leads to an accurate evaluation of portfolio alpha. However, certain research indicates that internet data may not necessarily enhance the precision of predictive models.

Education or certification
At the undergraduate level, several business schools and universities internationally offer "Investments" as a subject within their degree; further, some universities, in fact, confer a specialist bachelor's degree, with title in "Investment Management" or in "Asset Management" or in "Financial Markets".

Increasingly, those with aspirations to work as an investment manager, require further education beyond a bachelor's degree in business, finance, or economics.
 * Designations such as the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), internationally, or the more local Chartered Investment Manager (CIM) in Canada, and the Certified International Investment Analyst (CIIA) in Europe and Asia, are increasingly required for advancement; even to gain entry-level positions in the industry, enrollment / partial completion of exams is often helpful.
 * Further, a graduate degree - typically the MBA or MSF, or the more specialized Masters in Investment Management - may also be required for advancement to senior roles; and lately for entry-level roles.

There is much discussion as to the various factors that can affect the performance of an investment manager, including the manager's qualifications. Some conclude that there is no evidence that any particular qualification enhances the manager's ability to select investments that result in above-average returns. But see also re related research.

Money management
Money management is the process of expense tracking, investing, budgeting, banking and evaluating taxes of one's money, which includes investment management and wealth management.

Money management is a strategic technique to make money yield

the highest interest-output value for any amount spent. Spending money to satisfy cravings (regardless of whether they can justifiably be included in a budget) is a natural human phenomenon. The idea of money management techniques has been developed to reduce the amount that individuals, firms, and institutions spend on items that add no significant value to their living standards, long-term portfolios, and assets. Warren Buffett, in one of his documentaries, admonished prospective investors to embrace his highly esteemed "frugality" ideology. This involves making every financial transaction worth the expense:

1. avoid any expense that appeals to vanity or snobbery 2. always go for the most cost-effective alternative (establishing small quality-variance benchmarks, if any) 3. favor expenditures on interest-bearing items over all others 4. establish the expected benefits of every desired expenditure using the canon of plus/minus/nil to the standard of living value system.

These techniques are investment-boosting and portfolio-multiplying. There are certain companies as well that offer services, provide counseling and different models for managing money. These are designed to manage grace assets and make them grow.

Comparison to wealth management
Wealth management, where financial advisors perform financial planning for clients, has traditionally served as an intermediary to investment managers in the United States and less so in Europe. However, as of 2019, the lines were becoming blurred.

Trading and investment
Money management is used in investment management and deals with the question of how much risk a decision maker should take in situations where uncertainty is present. More precisely what percentage or what part of the decision maker's wealth should be put into risk in order to maximize the decision maker's utility function.

Money management can mean gaining greater control over outgoings and incomings, both in a personal and business perspective. Greater money management can be achieved by establishing budgets and analyzing costs and income etc.

In stock and futures trading, money management plays an important role in every success of a trading system. This is closely related with trading expectancy:

“Expectancy” which is the average amount you can expect to win or lose per dollar at risk. Mathematically:

Expectancy = (Trading system Winning probability * Average Win) – (Trading system losing probability * Average Loss)

So for example even if a trading system has 60% losing probability and only 40% winning of all trades, using money management a trader can set his average win substantially higher compared to his average loss in order to produce a profitable trading system. If he set his average win at around $400 per trade (this can be done using proper exit strategy) and managing/limiting the losses to around $100 per trade; the expectancy is around:

Expectancy = (Trading system Winning probability * Average Win) – (Trading system losing probability * Average Loss) Expectancy = (0.4 x 400) - (0.6 x 100)=$160 - $60 = $100 net average profit per trade (of course commissions are not included in the computations).

Therefore, the key to successful money management is maximizing every winning trades and minimizing losses (regardless whether you have a winning or losing trading system, such as %Loss probability > %Win probability).

title: Investment management


text:
Talk:Viva! Bravo!

Untitled
This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Viva! Bravo!. There was no consensus. dbenbenn | talk 16:43, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Viva! Bravo!


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Picture of Dorian Gray (Chapter 12)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge and redirect to The Picture of Dorian Gray. This has already been done. Deathphoenix 16:59, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC)

The Picture of Dorian Gray (Chapter 12)
Well written and researched, but do we really need an entry for each chapter? --InShaneee 16:43, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not in my opinion. Could be merged, if anyone is interested and thinks the material is noteworthy. HyperZonktalk 18:36, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's a noteworthy book, but that doesn't mean it should have individual articles per chapter. We don't have individual articles for Shakespeare scenes in his plays, do we? Nick04 19:13, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * We don't because no-one has created them yet; however, is there any reason in particular why we should not at some point in the future? — Dan | Talk 04:26, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge or keep, we have articles for individual star trek episodes and bible verses. Kappa 19:41, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * True, but we don't have articles on individual scenes within Star Trek episodes (I hope). Bible verses are often cited or quoted without further reference to the rest of the work.  Even then, I would only encourage Wikipedia articles on specific Biblical passages that are frequently cited.  Chapter 12 of Dorian Gray doesn't stand on its own; delete this article. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 21:16, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * That's my view as well. If there were a series of Dorian Gray books, then each one would be worthy of a chapter, or if the book was a series of short stories, perhaps. Delete and add a synopsis to the main article if one isn't already there. 23skidoo 00:56, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Books yes (if notable), but no to separate articles on the chapters of books, however notable the books.  --BM 21:18, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur with Ten, delete. Radiant! 21:25, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The book is a masterpiece, but we can't have an isolated article about a chapter. Would you like to have an article for each chapter of The Lord of the Rings or the Popol Vuh?? Surely not thiugh the notability of them --Neigel von Teighen 21:28, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * There are, in fact, articles on the other chapters. This is well-researched, culturally relevant, encyclopedic information. — Dan | Talk 04:26, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not Cliff's Notes. And that Bible verse thing was a bad idea too. -R. fiend 21:37, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Why shouldn't Wikipedia rival Cliff's Notes? We're aiming for world domination, after all. :-) — Dan | Talk 04:26, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Some bible verses are notable but other than those few parts of books don't deserve own articles. - Jeltz talk  21:48, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Merge. If such an article is written about every chapter in the book, then a main article should be created which links to each such article. However, if this is just a one-time article, not the start of a project, then delete, or better yet, merge into the main article. 141.225.146.182 22:01, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Sorry, but individual book chapters rarely, if ever, need articles. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 22:08, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-encyclopedic. Binadot 22:49, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Having an article for every chapter of a book would be chaos. DaveTheRed 00:55, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - agree with all the above but have in mind that there are another 19 articles (Chapters 1 through 20) which all are identical in approach if not in content. There is also a perfectably capable article The Picture of Dorian Gray Velela 13:56, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I do not understand why a single "perfectly capable article" which covers the very basics would be preferable to a number of far better articles which cover the novel in depth. — Dan | Talk 04:26, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Individual chapters of Dorian Gray are not important enough to sustain their own articles. What next? Perhaps an article about a specific page of Dorian Gray? My vote remains to delete this, and all the other chapter's as well. DaveTheRed 05:18, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. One article covering the whole book is just fine. Jayjg (talk)  19:26, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Everyking 04:15, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Dorian Grey is eminently encyclopedic. — Dan | Talk 04:18, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * One chapter?!?!, DELETE or Merge. -- Riffsyphon1024 04:19, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge entire series and redirect. There is no reason we couldn't stuff this all in one article. -Fennec (はさばくのきつね) 04:21, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is the author of the contentious entry, checking in to give his view. My reason for thinking that each chaper of this novel deserves a Wikipedia entry is best summed up in one of the comments above: 'We have articles for individual Star Trek episodes.' My reason for not starting out by putting all of this material on one page is that this one is already getting prohibitively long. However, I appreciate that the preferred approach on Wikipedia is to develop material on one page and then divvy it up into separate pages when necessary. So if I've been presumptious in creating entries for individual chapters, and people vote to delete, merge, or whatever, then I will accept the decision with good grace and even help to do whatever is decided upon without losing any more of the content than is necessary. My ultimate ambition is to have as definitive a set of resources for a msterpiece of 19th century literature on Wikipedia as already exist for such geeky fictional universes as Star Trek, Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings. But if I need to go about it in a different way, then I am happy to do so.AncientHaemovore 17:59, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Addendum. As an interim measure to clarify matters, I have created this new page linking to each chapter entry I have created. If it is decided that these chapter entries are not to be deleted, then I will incorporate the list of links to them into this page. If it is decided that these entries are to be deleted, then I will follow the good guidance of my fellow Wikipedians in sticking the material wherever they think it should go, if indeed they think it belongs on Wikipedia at all.
 * Merge and delete the empty shell, although I admire and encourage the author's attempts to write about the book. My central reservation is that I don't believe the chapters can be dealt with as individual items, without a lot of clumsy cross-referencing. If we are to assume that each chapter will be read about separately, we would have to re-introduce the characters, plot, setting, themes and so on with each article; and if we are to assume that the reader is to read about each chapter sequentially, they should all be in one single page. I believe that whereas deliberately episodic works such as The Martian Chronicles, The Bible, perhaps Robinson Crusoe or Captain Scarlet lend themselves to such atom-splitting, this book does not. On an equally important level, we must all remember that Wikipedia's articles are a journalistic collection of ordered, referenced facts from external sources, and not original essays, no matter how well-written. -Ashley Pomeroy 18:21, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * You offer cogent reasons for merging the chapter entries that I've created, in particular your point that items to be read sequentially should only exist on a single page. One could argue that such items should spill over into vertically subordinate pages if they become too long, but that's not the same thing as creating a series of horizontally equivalent pages, as I've done with Oscar Wilde's novel. Whatever the outcome of this vote for deletion (and I repeat my offer to tidy up the mess myself if necessary, rather than leave the admins with the headache of 20 content-rich pages to merge and/or delete), I welcome the opportunity to reflect on what a Wikipedia entry should be. I'm sure this isn't the first time that a pedantic devotee of a book (or film, piece of music, etc) has come up against the limits of how minutely detailed Wikipedia content should be, and it certainly won't be the last. AncientHaemovore 19:29, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Merge, and Condense. This is a lot of good work, and if there are entries on individual Star Trek episodes, as has been pointed out, a detailed entry on a very excellent book is only natural. Twenty detailed pages is too much, so make it one very good one.--SpiritGlyph 21:28, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * IMPORTANT NOTE. This vote for deletion is no longer necessary, as I've just put the contentious page and all similar pages out of their misery myself. Ashley Pomeroy and SpiritGlyph have succeeded in convincing me that all of this content should be kept, merged, and condensed. I've therefore come up with a solution that will allow me to present the same information clearly, in significantly condensed form, on the existing page for The Picture of Dorian Gray. If you go to that page and look under the heading 'Individuals referred to in the novel', you'll see that I've begun to do exactly that. I've also converted my 20 chapter pages, and my interim page of links to these 20 chapter pages, into redirects pointing to the main page for the novel. It only remains now for people to stick all of these redirects on Redirects for deletion, if they're considered redundant. Thank you for all your constructive criticism. And to the person above who said Wikipedia is not Cliff's Notes - Cliff's Notes will be forced out of business by the time I'm done with classic literature on Wikipedia. 'Nuff said. AncientHaemovore 21:41, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Excellent job with the merge, and love the enthusiasm. Keep up the good work! --InShaneee 19:46, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Kettle Hill

The original of this article consists of excerpts from Theodore Roosevelt's book, The Rough Riders, published in 1889 1899 (see chapter IV at Bartleby's), so is not under copyright. DialUp 16:44, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * OK I changed the tag to rewrite tag. --Woohookitty 00:16, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kettle Hill


text:
Talk:Buzz Aldrin

Replace citation
Citation no. 122, to a paragraph long vignette in "The Week", adds nothing, and poorly supports only a couple of the many facts in this paragraph. Moreover, its presence gives the false sense of fully adequate sourcing of the paragraph. This citation should be removed, as it was in the Sibrel article, and other citations there, notably, one from the St. Petersburg Times (and perhaps others there) should be used here in support of specific statements and facts in the paragraph. (If we did not have the "one source" guideline, having the bulk of this paragraph from a single source would be fine. But more is better, here, as long as more is not cursory and superficial, as in the case of citation no. 122.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.1.0.28 (talk) 22:10, July 21, 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 January 2024
Add to the Post-NASA activities section that Buzz Aldrin served on the board of directors at Mutual of Omaha from February 1970 until after the publication of Return to Earth (October 1973).

Supporting web article references: https://www.biography.com/scientists/buzz-aldrin-alcoholism-depression-moon-landing https://medium.com/the-masterpiece/why-buzz-aldrin-got-depressed-within-a-year-of-moon-landing-2ee17b35bcdf#:~:text=Aldrin%20became%20exhausted%20with%20all,with%20no%20purpose%20in%20life. Mooscripe (talk) 20:15, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

 * I can't trust biography.com and medium.com as a reliable source. Looking around for different sources, it seems that this fact is fairly undocumented. Coulomb1 (talk) 12:50, 30 January 2024 (UTC)

Missing that he is of Swedish descent
Without a doubt he is of Swedish descent. Not mentioned anywehere in the text. Not even a link to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Swedish_descent 62.220.164.46 (talk) 10:15, 24 February 2024 (UTC)

Buzz + Space Mountain
Perhaps trivial, but, in 2005 during Disneyland’s 50th Anniversary celebrations, Buzz Aldrin gave a speech and cut the ribbon on the newly refurbished “Space Mountain”. 75.106.32.81 (talk) 23:47, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Buzz Aldrin


text:
BDP

BDP may refer to:
 * Boogie Down Productions, hip hop group
 * Building Design Partnership, UK architects
 * Bund der Pfadfinderinnen und Pfadfinder (BdP), German Scouting and Guiding organisation
 * Bandwidth-delay product, the product of a data link's capacity and its round-trip delay time.

Political parties

 * Botswana Democratic Party, the governing political party in Botswana
 * Conservative Democratic Party (Bürgerlich-Demokratische Partei), a political party in Switzerland
 * British Democratic Party (1979), a defunct far-right political party in the United Kingdom
 * British Democratic Party (2013), an active far-right political party in the United Kingdom
 * Peace and Democracy Party (Barış ve Demokrasi Partisi), a mainly Kurdish political party in Turkey existing from 2008 to 2014.

title: BDP


text:
Talk:Order topology

RazorFlame undid correction
Right order and left order are REVERSED. I fixed it and some tool/bot Razorflame reverted them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.247.149.65 (talk) 21:08, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

Previous comments
show that IxI in the dictionary order topology is locally connected but not locally path connected.what are the components of this space?

I don't understand IxI. Do you mean the cartesian product of 2 intervals? MFH 17:30, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Move section here from "Ordinal number"?
If no one raises an objection in the next few days, I will move the section Ordinal number from that article to this one. My objective is to make that article shorter (and this one longer). JRSpriggs 05:22, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Section moved in. JRSpriggs 08:33, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Continuous functions from omega-1 to the reals
I think there should be a modification:-

It is also worthy of note that any continuous  increasing  function from ω1 to R (the real line) is eventually constant

Because if it just has to be continuous I can define it to be 1 at successors of limit ordinals and 0 elsewhere. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.179.130.150 (talk • contribs)

 * No. The original formulation, "... any continuous function from ω1 to R (the real line) is eventually constant ...", is true. The function you specified is not continuous. Consider $$\omega^2\!,$$ it is a limit (rather than the successor of a limit) so you give it the value zero. However, it is the limit of the sequence $$\langle (\omega \cdot n) + 1 \, | \, 0 < n < \omega \rangle $$ and every element in that sequence is mapped to one. Thus the function is discontinuous. JRSpriggs 06:44, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

subspace topology finer than induced order topology?
It says: "subspace topology is always finer than the induced order topology;" I think that this is in the wrong direction though; i.e. it's never finer, but could be coarser. I'm not completely sure, but Section 4.1 problem 9 on page 118 of Folland's Real Analysis asks you to prove this; and I'm pretty sure my proof is correct, although it's somewhat messy. I don't trust the example given after it either; but I think it would be better if somebody more acquainted with the subject looked it over rather than me messing with it.

Greeneggsnspam (talk) 08:28, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

The example seems to be messed up. I think the author meant the set $$\{ 0 \} \cup \{ 1 / n : n \in \mathbb N \}$$.

Anonymous 12:42, 12 March 2011 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.27.245.109 (talk)

Definition is too restrictive
Why the definition is restrictive to totally ordered sets? The order topology for partially ordered sets is a nice thing to build interesting counterexamples. Albmont (talk) 18:32, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

Sections on ordinals
There are multiple sections regarding ordinals, which have some overlap. It would be worthwhile to merge these sections and remove redundancies. --Jordan Mitchell Barrett (talk) 05:26, 2 May 2020 (UTC)

When X is singleton
The problem with the case when $$X=\{x\}$$ is a singleton, is that we do not get a base/subbase. We only can choose $$a=b=x$$ and we get $$(-\infty,b)=(a,b)=(a,\infty)=\emptyset$$. So this system is not cover of X, which is one of necessary conditions of a base. (And in many sources, this is required also form a subbase.) Although this special case is probably not important enough to be explicitly mentioned. --Kompik (talk) 20:09, 4 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Maybe one way to solve it would be to use the sets (a,M] and [m,b) where $$m=\min X$$ and $$M=\max X$$. However, this only works if the set has smallest/largest element. So with this approach, we would not need have singleton as a separate case. But the disadvantage is that the definition would be split into several cases, depending on whether the set $X$ has a smallest/largest element. --Kompik (talk) 05:25, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

I agree that there is a problem: the topology defined by the rays and the topology defined by the open intervals are different, since, for example, in $$\{0,1\}$$, the first is the discrete topology and the second is the undiscrete topology. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:861:3743:6E00:47F:FC94:30B1:29FF (talk) 12:58, 17 December 2021 (UTC)

Example section is opaque
The section titled An example of a subspace of a linearly ordered space whose topology is not an order topology is utterly opaque. I re-read it several times and keep getting stuck at the sentence Since {-1} is open in Z, there is some point p in M such that the interval (-1, p) is empty. I think this is trying to appeal to some separation axiom, but, well, I can't really tell. This section was added by a single user in 2006, and it is that user's only contribution to wikipedia. I dunno. There must be some easier way to state this example... 67.198.37.16 (talk) 06:28, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Order topology


text: User talk:64.132.187.240

title: User talk:64.132.187.240


text:
Walter Lord

John Walter Lord Jr. (October 8, 1917 – May 19, 2002) was an American author, lawyer, copywriter and popular historian best known for his 1955 account of the sinking of the RMS Titanic, A Night to Remember.

Early life
Lord was born in Baltimore, Maryland to John Walter Lord Sr. and Henrietta MacTier (Hoffman) Lord on October 8, 1917. His father, who was a lawyer, died when Lord was just three years old. Lord's grandfather, Richard Curzon Hoffman, was president of the Baltimore Steam Packet Company ("Old Bay Line") steamship firm in the 1890s.

In July 1925, at the age of 7, Lord traveled across the Atlantic Ocean with his mother and sister, from New York to Cherbourg and Southampton, on the RMS Olympic, the Titanic's sister ship. Like many other boys who attended high school at Baltimore's Gilman School, he spent his summers at Hyde Bay Camp for Boys at Hyde Bay in Cooperstown, New York, where he was awarded the honorary title of "The Commodore" and later returned to reign over many annual camp events, like the eight inch regatta and closing barbecue and bonfire. He then studied history at Princeton University and graduated in 1939. Lord then enrolled at Yale Law School, interrupting his studies to join the United States Army after the attack on Pearl Harbor. During World War II, he was assigned to the Office of Strategic Services as a code clerk in London, in 1942. He was the agency's secretariat when the war ended in 1945. Afterwards, Lord returned to Yale, where he earned a degree in law. When the movie "The Third Man" came out in 1949, the movie's musical soundtrack was "The Third Man Theme" -- a zither strummed by Anton Karas. Karas's soundtrack rendition became a hit, and in 1950 Walter Lord wrote lyrics to it. "The Third Man Theme" and Lord's lyrics were recorded by a number of bands. Victor Young's rendition can be heard here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIskEPRQV4w

Career
Lord wrote, or edited and annotated 11 bestselling books on such diverse subjects as the Attack on Pearl Harbor (Day of Infamy, 1957), the Battle of Midway (Incredible Victory, 1967), the Battle of the Alamo (A Time to Stand, 1961), the Battle of Baltimore (The Dawn's Early Light, 1972), Arctic exploration (Peary to the Pole, 1963), pre-World War I America (The Good Years: From 1900 to the First World War, 1960), Coastwatchers (Lonely Vigil, 1977), the Dunkirk evacuation (The Miracle of Dunkirk, 1982), and the civil rights struggle (The Past That Would Not Die, 1965 ). Shortly after going to work as a copywriter for the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency in New York City, Lord published The Fremantle Diary, edited and annotated from the journals of the British officer, Arthur Fremantle, who toured the South for three months in 1863. It became a mild, but surprising, success in 1954, as Lord was well into completing A Night to Remember, which would win him much popular acclaim.

A Night to Remember, about the sinking of the RMS Titanic, became a bestseller in 1955 and was made into a popular 1958 British movie of the same name. The historian tracked down 63 Titanic survivors and wrote a dramatic, minute-by-minute account of the ocean liner's sinking during her maiden voyage. Lord's knowledge of the Titanic catastrophe achieved considerable renown, and he frequently lectured at meetings of the Titanic Historical Society. In his final years, Lord wrote another book about the Titanic titled The Night Lives On: Thoughts, Theories and Revelations about the Titanic, published in 1986, a year after the wreck of the Titanic was discovered and interest in the Titanic renewed again. In the next decade, Lord served as a consultant to director James Cameron during the filming of Titanic (1997). The sequel documentary to Cameron's film Titanic, Ghosts of the Abyss (2003), was dedicated to Lord's memory.

In 2009, Jenny Lawrence edited and published a biography of Lord — The Way It Was: Walter Lord on His Life and Books. In the late 1980s, Lawrence had recorded hours of interviews she had with Lord, in which he discussed his writing and life. After chapters on his early life in Baltimore and up to his time with the OSS in London and Paris, chapters are devoted to his research and writing of each of his books.

Death

Lord died at age 84 on May 19, 2002, after suffering from Parkinson's disease, at his Manhattan home. Noted historian David McCullough said of Lord at his death, "He was one of the most generous and kind-hearted men I've ever known, and when I had stars in my eyes and wanted to become a writer, he was a great help. I'll always be indebted to him."

Lord is buried in his maternal family's plot at historic Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore. His grave is marked by a marble bench listing the books he authored.

Publications
Lord published 12 historical works:
 * The Fremantle Diary (1954) (ed.)
 * A Night to Remember (1955)
 * Day of Infamy: The Bombing of Pearl Harbor (1957)
 * The Good Years: From 1900 to the First World War (1960)
 * A Time to Stand: The Epic of the Alamo (1961)
 * Peary to the Pole (1963)
 * The Past That Would Not Die (1965)
 * Incredible Victory: The Battle of Midway (1967)
 * The Dawn's Early Light: The War of 1812 and the Battle That Inspired Francis Scott Key to Write "The Star-Spangled Banner (1972)
 * Lonely Vigil: Coastwatchers of the Solomons (Bluejacket Books) (1977)
 * The Miracle of Dunkirk: The True Story of Operation Dynamo (1982)
 * The Night Lives On: Thoughts, Theories and Revelations about the Sinking of the "Unsinkable" Ship – Titanic (1986)

title: Walter Lord