text:
Taschereau Boulevard

Taschereau Boulevard is a major suburban boulevard located on the south shore of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is a section of Quebec Route 134 and runs from Longueuil to Candiac (junction of Autoroute 15). It is named after the prominent Quebec family, which included former Premier Louis-Alexandre Taschereau. At 17.5 km, it is one of the longest commercial arteries in Canada. It serves the heart of an area with an estimated population of 400,000.

Between its approach near the Jacques-Cartier Bridge and the Quebec Route 112 and Quebec Route 116 expressway, which links Longueuil with the Saint-Hubert and Saint-Bruno sectors, Route 134 is a six-lane expressway with interchanges to local areas within Longueuil and LeMoyne. In some sections, it is designed as a right-in/right-out expressway with at-grade intersections on the municipality-maintained (usually right) line to local streets from one side of the highway.

Taschereau Interchange
At the intersection of Taschereau Boulevard and Autoroute 10 (45.46492°N, -73.46613°W), a construction project was undertaken in 2002 to reorganize the entry and exit ramps. This project is planned to continue well into 2008. This project also intends to allow the traffic to pass through the centre of the interchange, to reduce noise pollution through sound barriers, to allow a bus lane (and later a light railway transit system) to access RTL bus terminals without affecting highway or road traffic.

Points of interest

 * Charles LeMoyne Hospital
 * Carnaval Mall
 * Champlain Mall
 * Place Greenfield Park
 * Terminus Panama

title: Taschereau Boulevard


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dan Anderson

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 19:08, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Dan Anderson
Gay spam-stub or noteworthy and encyclopedic information? Which is it? GRider\talk 20:01, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep published author. At first I suspected this might be an attack page based on the content, but according to Google and Amazon, he's real. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 20:25, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep His name is pretty common, so, searching it on google would get many unrelated references, but his book, "Sex Tips for Gay Guys" has 12,200 hits. Bogdan | Talk 20:27, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and expand. Appears notable. Megan1967 23:48, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable.--Centauri 12:29, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Museum of Sketches for Public Art

The Museum of Sketches for Public Art (Swedish Skissernas museum - Arkiv för dekorativ konst, also known in English as the Archive of Decorative Art) is an art museum at Lund University in Sweden, dedicated to the collection and display of sketches and drawings for contemporary monumental and public art, such as frescos, sculpture and reliefs. The museum contains about 25,000 items, including sketches and contest entries by leading 20th-century Swedish artists such as Isaac Grünewald, other Nordic artists and foreign artists such as Henry Moore, Diego Rivera and Henri Matisse.

The museum was founded in 1934 by Ragnar Josephson (1891–1966), professor of the History and Theory of Art at Lund University. Josephson, who wanted to collect material illuminating the creative process of the artist, wrote a book on the topic, Konstverkets födelse ("The Birth of the Work of Art", 1940), as well as many shorter studies. The collection opened to the public in 1941 in a building close to the Lund University Library.

The original building was an old gymnastic hall; the architect Hans Westman added a new section, and another addition, designed by Johan Celsing, was completed in 2005. The museum reopened in March 2005 after having been closed for construction work since 2001.

title: Museum of Sketches for Public Art


text:
User:Moulinette

I'm French, living in Paris, connected to wikipedia since February 2005

Current Works

 * List of reggae musicians: Roland Alphonso, The Pioneers, King Stitt...
 * List of Jamaican backing bands: The Revolutionaries, The Upsetters, The Aggrovators...
 * List of Jamaican record producers: Tommy Cowan, Derrick Harriott, Harry Mudie, Keith Hudson, Vincent Chin (record producer), Winston 'Niney' Holness, Joseph 'Joe Joe' Hoo Kim...

Music

 * electronica: Alva Noto, Keith Fullerton Whitman, Four Tet...
 * jazz: J.J. Johnson, Happy Apple, Dave Holland, Arve Henriksen, Max Roach...
 * reggae: Sonia Pottinger, Clancy Eccles, Phil Pratt, Leslie Kong, Lloyd 'Matador' Daley, Harry Johnson, Rupie Edwards, Alvin Ranglin...
 * rock: Battles, Lightning Bolt, Om...
 * world music: Fela Kuti, Salif Keita, Ali Farka Touré...
 * experimental music: Birchville Cat Motel, Burning Star Core, Yellow Swans...

 * record label: Mego, Jazzland Records, Jamaican Gold, Pressure Sounds, Thrill Jockey, Impulse! Records, Smalltown Supersound...
 * music critics: Greil Marcus, Lloyd Bradley, Stephen Davis, Ashley Kahn...

Cinema

 * French cinema: Julien Duvivier, Jacques Rozier, Jean Eustache, Henri-Georges Clouzot...

Comics

 * publishing houses: Frémok, L'Association, Cornelius...
 * Cartoonist: Chris Ware, Charles Burns, Daniel Clowes, David B....

Useful links

 * Wikiportal/Music
 * Wikiportal/Art
 * Comics
 * current surveys
 * Cinema Collaboration of the Week
 * WikiProject Cycling/Standard cyclist biography
 * WP:S

 * WikiProject Albums
 * WP:REGGAE

title: User:Moulinette


text:
Candiac, Quebec

Candiac is a suburb of Montreal, in the Canadian province of Quebec; it is located on the South Shore of the Saint Lawrence River opposite Montreal near La Prairie. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 22,997.

History
Candiac was created January 31, 1957, when the government of Quebec accepted the request of a Canadian-European investors group, the Candiac Development Corporation. The investors had collected over $4.5 million and bought 2500 acre of land from farmers and the neighbouring towns.

In its early days, Candiac was home to 320 people who mostly lived near the St. Lawrence River. Most of the inhabitants were either farmers or Montrealers who owned a second residence in Candiac.

Candiac was named after the birthplace of Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, who was born in 1712 at Château de Candiac in Vestric-et-Candiac, near Nîmes, in France. Montcalm died at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Quebec City while fighting for the Kingdom of France in the Annus Mirabilis of 1759.

Coat of arms
Montcalm's heritage and the first mayor, Jean Leman, family's coat of arms were the inspiration for Candiac's coat of arms. The colour red symbolizes charity and justice, two very important values. It is also present in the Leman's coat of arms and is said to honour Montcalm's legacy. The silver cross is a typical French-Canadian symbol that reminds citizens of their French heritage. The stars were taken from the Leman's coat of arms and the towers from Montcalm's. The crown symbolizes the Château de Candiac and the maple leaves symbolize Canada.

The floral emblem of Candiac is the Campanula carpatica, better known as White Clips.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Candiac had a population of $22,997$ living in $8,731$ of its $8,960$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $21,047$. With a land area of 17.27 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Transportation
The CIT Le Richelain provides commuter and local bus services. Commuter trains provided by Exo link Candiac to Lucien L'Allier train station in downtown Montréal.

Municipal Buildings
The City of Candiac has four (4) main municipal buildings: the Hotel de Ville (city hall), Centre Roméo-V.-Patenaude (renovated in 2005), Centre Frank-Vocino (the old library, now the Ideal Club meeting area), and Centre Claude-Hébert (the new restored library).

Education
The South Shore Protestant Regional School Board previously served the municipality.

title: Candiac, Quebec


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dale Sanders

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 19:09, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Dale Sanders
Geek-cruft or encyclopedic information? Are all fellows of the Royal Society considered to be inherently noteworthy and encyclopedic? If so, why? If not, what about this article establishes personal notability for this figure and why should this information be kept? GRider\talk 20:04, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Google reveals that he also takes lovely underwater photos and was crowned Miss Teen of the Nation in 2002! Ok, ok, those are probably other people, but I'd say this guy is notable anyway.  He's been published quite a bit, see http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/biol/staff/sanders/webc.htm Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  20:37, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, he does have a number of publications in good peer reviewed journals. Its actually pretty hard to get in to the Royal Society, so I'd say that most members are probably notable at least for their academic pursuits--nixie 22:13, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and expand. @ Megan1967 23:43, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep members of the Royal Society, since it's hard to get in. Kappa 02:52, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable biologist. As well as being a member of the Royal Society, he also appears to be members of several editorial boards for peer-reviewed journals. Capitalistroadster 10:46, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Deletioncruft VFD nomination.--Centauri 12:26, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Good term. Wincoote 23:53, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Zdob și Zdub

Gypsy versus Roma
I notice that "Gypsy" was recently changed to "Roma". While, in general, this is more correct, Zdob şi Zdub consistently use Ţigan, which is equivalent to "Gypsy", not "Roma". I won't revert unilaterally, but I disagree with this decision. -- Jmabel | Talk 20:05, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)

Language name
I won't change the language name used simply because they're Moldovans. Obviously, it depends more on what they call it. "Hardcore Moldovenesc" seems to imply to me that it would be in "Moldovan" rather than "Romanian".

In addition, the presence of Moldovanisms such as "papusoi" (instead of the more Wallachian "porumb" or other words from various graiuri such as "cucuruca") seems a convincing argument to me. However, if they are fervently against "Moldovan" as a language or a name for a language, it should remain as it is. --Node 23:52, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Members
I've restored two members who were deleted without comment by an anon IP. Both are mentioned on the band's own site:

- Jmabel | Talk 06:45, 1 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Sviatoslav Starus -
 * Igor Buzurniuc -

Fair use rationale for Image:Eurovision05-moldova01.jpg
Image:Eurovision05-moldova01.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:44, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Band history far too detailed
The band history seems to have a massive history of gigs, I'd be tempted to strip it down a lot and only mention the most notable shows but I don't know enough about the band or the music scene in that region to say what is notable. Furbybrain (talk) 13:59, 7 June 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:38, 28 December 2022 (UTC)
 * ZdobSiZdub 2021.jpg

title: Talk:Zdob și Zdub


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration/Xed/Proposed decision

User:Fred Bauder has written plenty of misleading information on the Proposed decision page, and has told me not to edit the page

2
From: Requests_for_arbitration/Xed/Proposed_decision:

2) After debate and a response from User_talk:Jimbo_Wales which favored discussion of the matter, Template:Helpout was restored. Although no longer linked from the In the news section of the Main page the article Donations_for_victims_of_the_2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake which is linked to from a number of Wikipedia pages has been developed by Wikipedia editors.

This section is inaccurate. The 'response' from Jimbo Bauder cites (jan 3) comes two days after this Helpout template was created (not, as far as I know, restored) on jan 1 by User:Dbachmann. Bauders narrative gives the impression that Jimbo said "let's have a discussion" and then the template came back as a result. On the contrary, all mentions by Jimbo of the idea of a Tsunami banner were negative before the consensus of editors forced Jimbo's defenders to stand down. Two days later he posted his message. (Note: Bauder has updated this section, though it is still written in a misleading manner)

3
From: Requests_for_arbitration/Xed/Proposed_decision

3) The article ... addresses the use of government funds, not voluntary contributions and is thus irrelevant to solicitation through links from Wikipedia, see Requests_for_arbitration/Xed/Evidence

This is a lop-sided reading of the article, which attacks altruism itself. Quote "It is Americans' acceptance of altruism that renders them morally impotent to protest against the confiscation and distribution of their wealth. "

4
From: Requests_for_arbitration/Xed/Proposed_decision

4) User:Xed characterizes Wikipedia as largest online lunatic asylum in the world and questions the value of donations to Wikipedia ...

These would more accurately read User:Xed jokes that Wikipedia is the largest online lunatic asylum in the world, but more seriously compares the value of donations to Wikipedia ... etc

7
7) ... with Xed defending the sockpuppet User:Pinlighter, apparently over from Stormfront...

This is a classic example of poisoning the well, by associating me (!) with some association with Stormfront. Bauder practices the sort of thing which got User:RK blocked. Not once did I 'defend a sockpuppet', my comment was purely pointing out User:Jayjgs hypocrisy.

8
From: Requests_for_arbitration/Xed/Proposed_decision

8) Xed followed with a personal attack on User:Slrubenstein ...

Bauder removed the context again.

9
9) Xed's reference to tsunami relief .. surprised Slrubenstein

Should read allegedly surprised Slrubenstein

Title Reference to tsunami relief should read Repeated attacks by Rubenstein

Jimmy Wales vs. User:Jimmy Wales
You might want to check what's on the latter page. That's not the user name Jimbo uses. --Michael Snow 23:37, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * What's your point? - XED . talk  11:07, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh I see - XED . talk  12:31, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Well, Fred fixed it in one spot, but there are still several more. --Michael Snow 17:02, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Systemic bias
That I am putting this on a talk page instead of as evidence should indicate the importance I give it. I just wanted to note that, although the contributions to, for instance, Economy of Africa were great, I am still not that big a fan of the systemic bias project (And this is what I meant by the idiosyncratic view of NPOV). Systemic bias is a very, very hostile term. Implicit in the name of the project is a criticism of those who have not contributed on topics related to Africa and world poverty are biased. The term "systemic bias" is associated with questions of why minorities get hired less, and why there's a corporate glass ceiling.

I appreciate the contributions on these issues from Xed. But I wish that he had not begun his time on Wikipedia by framing his contributions in such a hostile way. I wish I could look at the systemic bias project without feeling like I'm implicitly being called a racist because I happen to edit about video games and literary theory. And I don't think I'm the only one to be... put off by it.

I say this only because I think it's emblematic of Xed's Wikipedia interactions. Needless divisiveness and offensiveness in pursuit of noble goals. Snowspinner 14:23, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * You misunderstand systemic bias. You'll find nothing about questions of why minorities (minorities where?) "get hired less, and why there's a corporate glass ceiling" in the project. Neither is the project about Africa or world poverty, it's simply about subjects which aren't adequately covered. And neither are you being forced to write about subjects other than video games. If you can show me where I've ever written, or implied, that writing about video games was racist then please let me know.
 * Your original charge of me having an "idiosyncratic view of NPOV" now appears to be an unspecific attack on a project which you have misread. Considering such motivations, the rest of your charges can likewise be discarded. - XED . talk  14:46, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * An interesting line of reasoning, to be sure. My point was never against the intent of the project. It was against the naming of it, and against the hostile tone that you have just so aptly demonstrated. Representing under-represented topics is great. I'm glad you're doing work on these topics. It's important work. But to suggest, as your project does and as your continual hostility does, that those who are not doing this work are bad, and your wholesale dismissal of people for disagreeing with you - that's a problem. So, yes, thank you for your work on these subjects. However, if you can't learn to do that work in a way that does not horribly alienate and offend people, well, I have to say, I don't think you are a positive addition to the project. And that, in the end, is the core of my complaint. The fact that any good work you do is overshadowed by the cloud of hostility and hysterical accusation that you bring with you. Snowspinner 17:25, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * If you can show me where I've ever written, or implied, that writing about video games was racist then please let me know. It seems it is you who is being hostile by bringing up this arbitration. - XED . talk  17:49, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Snowspinner, I'm surprised that you have the feeling that systemic bias is a hostile term. Certainly, bias (in the sense of prepossessedness) is a hostile term in a project aiming at NPOV — but 'systemic bias' is just an adequate description of a phenomenon we encounter at Wikipedia, mainly due to the demographics of its user base. If you read the project pages, you will find that it aims to reach its goal only in constructive ways and not by implicitly criticizing any contributor to Wikipedia. To quote from CSB Project details:
 * Wikipedia has a number of systemic biases, mostly deriving from the demographics of our participant base, the heavy bias towards online research, and the (generally commendable) tendency to "write what you know".
 * Systemic bias is not to be confused with systematic bias. The latter just means "thoroughgoing bias". Systemic bias means that there are structural reasons why Wikipedia gives certain topics much better coverage than others, and as a consequence, it should not be seen as the "fault" of any individual editor, or any individual article.
 * Pretty clear, I think. I do not see any 'needless divisiveness and offensiveness' here, really.  — mark ✎ 14:57, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps I react strongly to the bias. It is a hostile term. It's a needlessly hostile term, from a needlessly hostile user. Were it just that, I'd leave it as a term that kind of annoys me. There are other terms that kind of annoy me - I think wikiquette is one of the most worthless neologisms ever, with the possible exception of sie/hir. But this term, in Xed's case, is compounded by a continual hostility of which this is only a minor mark. My point - and, again, this is why I declined to put this as evidence, is that even in what I agree is Xed's best accomplishment, his underlying hostility towards the project and its users is clear. Snowspinner 17:25, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * "A needlessly hostile term from a needlessly hostile user". The name was suggested by User:Jmabel, not me. I originally wanted to call it Crossbow or something, to make it sound less dry. -  XED . talk  17:49, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed. See CROSSBOW, in particular the end of the page.  — mark ✎ 23:33, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * This largely supports my point - the SB in CROSSBOW was for systemic bias. Snowspinner 23:59, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't see why this would support your point, your point being that the notion of systemic bias is a 'needless hostile term from a needless hostile user'. I pointed out that it is just an adequate characterization of a problem of Wikipedia. In fact, I don't see any other notion that might fit as adequately as this one. Do you? Why disregard the possibility that Xed chose it because it's just that — the most adequate term?
 * Still, I can see another point you want to make: the point that Xed in your eyes is a hostile user. Well then, the only point I am trying to make here is that that opinion is not supported by dragging in the Countering Systemic Bias project.  — mark ✎ 02:04, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * This whole arbitration seems to be about a name you don't like. I note you haven't suggested another one. This amounts to no more than an attack. - XED . talk  01:13, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * No. The arbitration is about the stream of abuse you hurl at anybody who disagrees with you, and your belligerance in ascribing viewpoints that they do not hold to them. Your response to a point that I very deliberately did not put forth as evidence or as a claim for arbitration with claims that the entire arbitration is invalid and about a name you don't like are emblematic of this. You are incapable of taking disagreement in any way that does not involve dramatically and viciously escelating the situation. That's why I think you're a problem user - no other reason. Snowspinner 04:40, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

Systemic bias is an accurate and well-chosen description of the problem, I would say. Given the meaning of "systemic" (not systematic), I read no hostility into it. - Mustafaa 20:17, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Rubenstein's response
I have added the following to my "evidence" although perhaps it belongs here:

As far as I can tell, I am being accused for having made personal attacks on four occasions.

 * 19:08, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You have such a small, petty mind.

(You called him a moron twice too Fred Bauder 14:08, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC))

 * 17:04, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You moron ...

 * 20:45, 16 Feb 2005
 * Uh-duh, I am speaking for myself (in the edit summary, I wrote "maybe he really is a moron?)

As I state on the "evidence" page, '''I am sorry that I called Xed a moron, and said that he has a small, petty mind. As I also state on that page, it is now clear to me that another comment about his mental state was taken as a personal attack. Since that was not my intention, I take it back, with my apologies.'''

Again, I believe this to be a factual statement. However, I sincerely do not believe that this is a personal atack. It was a direct response to Xed's question to Mel Etitis asking what his point is, after Mel Etitis had clearly made his point (namely, that Xed did not understand Mel Ititis's earlier explanation for the deletion of the Jewish Ethnocentrism page , . I do not see how affirming Mel Etitis's point, that Xed did not understand his argument, is a "personal attack."
 * 22:14, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, I'd say you just made the point for him.

I do not deny having made several harsh comments on the talk pages concerning Jewish Ethnocentrism and its deletion. I admit that some of them were personal attacks, and I do regret that. I want to affirm only that these intemperate remarks expressed my frustration at some editors who seemed either not to have read any of the extensive, preceding discussion, or not to have taken it seriously. I don't offer this as an excuse, only as an explanation. Slrubenstein  |  Talk  19:17, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Where have I said that you saying "Actually, I'd say you just made the point for him" was a personal attack? - XED . talk  19:54, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Excuse me? Where have I said that you said this was a personal attack?

moved from Arbitrator's notice board
Concerning the accusation that I have persisted in attacks, there is one thing that Xed and members of the ArbCom do not seem to understand. When I mention my having called Xed a moron -- meaning, that he has a cognitive deficit it was in the context of explaining why I had said it and expressing my regret that I had said it while admitting that I had made a personal attack in the past. This was not intended to be a "new" personal attack, just an admission of an old one. If there is anything in my wording that suggests otherwise, I regret it and would change it. As to the other element (concerning a personality disorder), I do not consider this an attack and did not want it to be interpreted as an attack -- but if that is how the ArbCom understands it, so be it. Slrubenstein  |  Talk  21:39, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Truth is not a defense?
Please, let's not go there. If an avowed Nazi is trashing Nazi-related pages to push a Nazi POV, calling him a Nazi absolutely needs to be a fair and allowable comment, even if it is "personal". Some situations may call for a person to ignore all rules, even Godwin's law and No personal attacks. I think a decision endorsing this particular principle would be too chilling to the general atmosphere of free speech on Wikipedia.

Objectively true statements should be allowed, even if they reflect negatively on individual editors. The harm the No personal attacks policy seeks to prevent is primarily in the tone and rhetoric being used. I am reminded of Wik's objections to Alex Plank's adminship - calling attention to whether his Aspergers might cause problems in that role would have been fair, making remarks about a "lunatic asylum" was not.

What this should really get at, I believe, is that the vast majority of personal attacks, including those in this case, are simply invective with no way of being proven one way or the other. Saying that somebody has a "small, petty mind" or is a "moron" is lightyears away from an assertion that is provably true or false, and in fact this is much of what makes these personal attacks so indefensible. --Michael Snow 22:06, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Most people who are characterized as "fascists" or "nazis" here would dispute the label. An "avowed Nazi" is a different case as would be an "avowed Maoist" or an "avowed Marxist-Leninist", especially if they openly proclaim "liquidation" of a social class or ethnic group as their goal. But that is always the square circle and does not appear in actual users. Fred Bauder 22:48, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * If this discussion is in some way a response to anything I have written -- I was only pointing out that I believed the things I have said to be true. I wouldn't want anything I said to be compared to calling an avowed Nazi a Nazi.  I'm asking only that my intention be considered as a mitigating factor and not as a "defense" -- because I do think there is a difference between what I said (even considered as a "personal attack") and "fuck you you little shit."  The only serious concern I have with the arbitration process is that it seems to consider all instances (or possible instances) of "personal attacks" to be comparable.  I believe you can look at a comment in context and acknowledge mitigating circumstances, or proportionality, without suggesting that it was not a personal attack, and without suggesting that you think it is entirely excusable.  In any event I did not mean to claim that the "truth" of my comments is a valid defense.  I am sorry what I wrote was interpreted this way.

 * I still maintain that it is wrong to construe my admission that calling Xed a moron was a personal attack, along with my statement that I now regret having said it constitutes a new personal attack during arbitration.

 * Moreover, I still maintain that my statement, "Actually, I'd say you just made the point for him" is both true, and not a personal attack. Slrubenstein  |  Talk  23:17, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

More Findings
Will there be findings about the personal attacks against JayJG, Ed Poor, Viriditas, and JDW that SLRubenstein submitted on behalf of another user? Snowspinner 22:04, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ha, I read that as St.Rubenstein at first. I thought the Pope was getting senile. As for your question - I don't know, but perhaps there will be action against people who start arbitrations against people because they don't like the name of a project - XED . talk  22:26, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Proposed findings
I'd like to ask for some more findings of fact. Specifically, I would like it noted in the decision that, based on evidence presented by Slrubenstein and by me, Xed has made personal attacks against Jayjg, Ed Poor, Viriditas, JDW, Theresa Knott, Hyacinth, Modemx, and Neutrality. I would also like to suggest that, combined with the documented attacks against Jimbo and Slrubenstein, this probably merits an actual ban. Snowspinner 20:18, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * I would also like to note that, if Slrubenstein's comments about Xed's mental health were being considered actionable personal attacks, I would hope Xed's claim that I have a guilt complex in his evidence section (First chunk - the part that mentions me by name) is similarly actionable. (Which is at least 11 users he's made personal attacks against, for anyone counting at home.) I further consider his insistence that I started this arbitration over an objection to his project name to be a personal attack, as it is definitely an untrue statement designed to cause offense and to denigrate me. Snowspinner 20:35, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * Snowspinner calls in the mob. Light the torches! Most of what you call attacks are actually accurate assessments. Rather than ban me, I would propose that an admin who starts an Arbitration because he doesn't like the name of a project be de-sysopped (though I see you've already been de-sysopped in the last couple of days...) - XED . talk  20:32, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Which would all be well and good, if only I had done that. Snowspinner 20:35, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * You can't take it back now. Also, can you tell me where I've written, or implied, that writing about video games is racist - XED . talk  20:44, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Good contributions
In an attempt to probe the claim that Xed makes positive contributions, I've added a general overview of his last week of edits. They come down to a handful of minor changes, one article contribution, some unsourced photos, and a bunch of aggressive edit warring and personal attacks. Snowspinner 18:50, Mar 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * My response to this attack in the second paragraph of this - Requests_for_arbitration/Xed/Evidence.
 * Also, I would ask Snowspinner for the third (or fourth?) time if he could tell me where I've written, or implied, that writing about video games is racist - XED . talk  19:37, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * My point when I made the comment that you are so fixated on was that the "countering systemic bias" rhetoric, particularly when applied to things like your desire to remove Arthur Miller's death from In the News, creates a climate of open hostility towards any contributors not offering enough "unbiased" content. Your demeanor and rhetoric has continually suggested that you think less of people who do not edit on the topics you feel are underrepreesented. That was and is my objection. Any attempts to claim, as you continually do, that this arbitration is about anything other than the continual hostility you direct towards your fellow editors are distortions of the most offensive kind. Snowspinner 19:48, Mar 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Uh-huh. Do I have to ask 5 times? - XED . talk  20:05, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * You can keep asking, but at this point it's about as relevent as my asking where you've said I prefer purple cows to green ones.
 * Not really. You said " I wish I could look at the systemic bias project without feeling like I'm implicitly being called a racist because I happen to edit about video games and literary theory". Where have I, or anyone, implicitly called you a racist for editing video game articles? In fact you also said, bizarrely, "The term "systemic bias" is associated with questions of why minorities get hired less, and why there's a corporate glass ceiling." You haven't explained that either. - XED . talk  20:26, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * The former is implicit in your demeanor towards other content such as Babylon 5, the Superbowl, and American playwrights. If I am wrong and you think video games are substantially different from those, I apologize, though I confess to having no understanding of your standards in that case. As for the latter, it's fairly well noted in Systemic bias, particularly where it says "One might refer, for example, to the systemic bias of a particular institution in devaluing contributions by women or ethnic minorities." Snowspinner 20:41, Mar 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * And? - XED . talk  20:46, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

I've added another section, tracking Xed's contributions in the week before the arbcom decision. This is to respond to Xed's claim that the arbcom case has been distracting him from good edits. I've also edited the first section to respond to some of Xed's replies. Snowspinner 20:15, Mar 4, 2005 (UTC)

(Cross-posting the below comments from Talk:Evidence, I had not seen the above discussion yet.  — mark ✎ 22:37, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC))

I just want to say that I am puzzled by Snowspinner's analysis of User:Xed's contributions of last week (in his Evidence section). It escapes me how an analysis of one week's contributions of any user that has an arbitration filed against him could be put forward as 'evidence' that the user doesn't do good work at all.

Clearly, not all of Xed's contributions are 'good' in the sense the arbitrators mean in Proposed_decision#Xed's contributions — there is enough evidence showing that User:Xed has been rude and uncivil at times. But the present statement by User:Snowspinner strikes me as nothing more than a nasty hit below the belt. — mark ✎ 20:58, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * As the principle in the case says - while good edits are not an excuse for bad behavior, they are a mitigating factor. Snowspinner's challenging the perception that Xed makes a high proportion of good edits is fully relavant to the case. →Raul654 22:49, Mar 5, 2005 (UTC)

I've been watching this unfold from the sidelines, but Mark's comments have prompted me to make a brief contribution to the discussion. Xed appears to me to have been instrumental in improving our coverage of topics Wikipedia was (and is) very patchy on, by his setting up of and work for WikiProject Countering Systemic Bias. I know this has been noted already but it's an important consideration for those who see him as nothing more than a troll or a disruptive editor. While some users' only experience of Xed may have been a dispute with him, others who have seen his work (including myself) regard him as someone who has done genuinely good work for Wikipedia, punctuated by instances of incivility. Xed is, on balance, a valuable contributor, and I sincerely hope he doesn't get banned, though if I was him I would in future try to stick to adding new articles and fresh content and keep out of disputes as much as possible. — Trilobite (Talk) 10:16, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Snowspinner refers sneeringly to this article I was writing - User:Xed/draft5 - as a "minor article edit" and goes on to say "I fail to see the good contributions", and that it is "absurd" to claim that I do any good work. In fact, to write some of the article I had to go to a specialist library (SOAS) to get some of the information, since information of that nature is not readily available on the internet. This is more than most people would do, yet Snowspinner just sneers at it all. For this reason, I really can't be fucking bothered anymore. - XED . talk  18:54, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

I must agree with Trilobite. User:Xed/draft5 alone would convince me that Xed was doing excellent work. - Mustafaa 20:30, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)


text:
Southern Frontier Airlines

Southern Frontier Airlines was a commuter airline based in Canada which was acquired by Time Air on April 25, 1988.

In 1985, Southern Frontier was operating Beechcraft 99 turboprop aircraft from its base in Calgary to Lloydminster, Saskatchewan. The airline also operated service between Edmonton, Alberta and both Cold Lake, AB and Lloydminster and was formerly known as Southern Frontier Air Transport.

title: Southern Frontier Airlines


text:
Category:Books about Scientology

This category contains books about the subject of Scientology.

title: Category:Books about Scientology


text:
Jordan Marsh

Jordan Marsh (officially Jordan Marsh & Company) was an American department store chain that was headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, and operated throughout New England. It was founded by Eben Dyer Jordan and Benjamin L. Marsh in 1841. The ownership of Jordan Marsh was transferred between several holding companies during its operation, including Hahn Department Stores in 1928, Allied Stores in 1935, and Federated Department Stores in 1988. The brand was retired and most stores were converted into the New York City-based Macy's in 1996.

Allied also operated a separate group of stores in Florida called Jordan Marsh Florida, which was disbanded in 1991.

Beginnings
In 1841, Eben Dyer Jordan left his job at a Boston dry goods store and went into business for himself, laying the foundation for the first Jordan Marsh. Ten years later, Jordan partnered with Boston merchant Benjamin L. Marsh. They began by selling linen, silk, and other dry goods from Europe to wholesale customers in and around the city. As the business grew, it moved from one location to another and in 1861 Jordan and Marsh decided to begin selling directly to the public. They acquired a brownstone building at 450 Washington Street, in the heart of what is still Boston's downtown shopping district. After the American Civil War, Jordan and Marsh expanded into nearby buildings, offering an increasing quantity and variety of goods. Eventually the partners had established the nation's first "departmentalized" store and called it Jordan Marsh and Company. During the second half of the 19th century, Eben Jordan's son, Jordan Jr., and a new partner named George Mitton took over the company, turning it into a modern department store.

Jordan Marsh and Company, in addition to establishing the first department store, introduced the concept of “department shopping.” Jordan Marsh combined an elegant atmosphere with excellent personal service and a wide range of merchandise. With many different departments displaying wares from around the world, the store drew shoppers from the city as well from the growing "streetcar suburbs." Once at the store, consumers could do more than just shop. Jordan Marsh offered fashion shows, a bakery famous for its blueberry muffins, art exhibitions, and even afternoon concerts.

Jordan Marsh also pioneered new services for shoppers not available in more traditional specialty shops. Most important, it offered credit, usually in the form of charge accounts. It introduced the customer-is-always right policy, and offered money-back guarantees. Jordan Marsh was always known for implementing new technology as well, one of the first stores to feature electrical lights, glass showcases, telephones, and elevators. It also installed pneumatic tubes that delivered cash and credit information to individual departments.

In 1935, Boston's Jordan Marsh became one of the founders of New York City-based Allied Stores Corporation, a successor to Hahn Department Stores, Inc., a holding company founded in 1928.

Expansion
After World War II, the management of Jordan Marsh announced that it would build a new store in downtown Boston. Jordan's five older buildings would give way to a new building that would take up a full city block. Covering an area larger than Harvard Stadium, it would have two stories under ground; another 14 would rise into the air. It would have all the latest technology, including air conditioning, automatic doorways, block-long show windows, and radiant-heated sidewalks. After the addition of the "new building" in 1949, the Jordan Marsh Complex was split into four distinct units; the 1949 new store, the original main store, annex, and bristol building. The Boston Redevelopment Authority estimated the complex's total retail space at 1700000 sqft, which made it the largest retail venue in Boston. At the same time, the company began moving, along with its customers, into the suburbs. Jordan's constructed its first branch stores in older suburban communities in the 1940s, but by 1966 the branch stores accounted for half of all department store sales.

The shopping mall Shopper's World opened in Framingham, Massachusetts on October 4, 1951, making it one of the earliest suburban shopping malls in the country. Jordan Marsh stood at the southern end as the sole anchor. It was the first mall-styled Jordan Marsh in the country and was unmistakable for its large white dome. The dome was visible from the air and was used on aeronautical charts as a visual reporting point for aircraft approaching Boston's Logan Airport. It was reputed to be the third largest (in diameter) unsupported dome in the world after St. Peter's Basilica in Rome and St. Paul's Cathedral in London. The Shopper's World store quickly became the most recognizable Jordan Marsh outside the flagship store in Boston.

In 1956, the first store in Miami, Florida was opened with slogans such as "Florida's high fashion department store" and "the store with the Florida flair". Later, it was divided into a separate division of Allied then the Jordan Marsh of Boston with headquarters in Miami. With newcomers heading into the state, the store lost focus and decided to downgrade in order to compete. Jordan Marsh also opened a San Diego branch around the same time, occupying the former Sears store downtown. The branch did not do nearly as well as the Florida branches and the failed store closed in 1958. The Florida stores were disbanded in 1991, with several being merged with Maas Brothers, which later became Burdines, now Macy's.

The main building of Boston's Jordan Marsh complex, an ornate brownstone edifice with a landmark corner clock tower designed by Nathaniel J. Bradlee in the 1860s, was torn down in 1975, along with its entire row of historic annex buildings. Local architect Leslie Larson founded a coalition called the City Conservation League to try to save the main building, which made way for a low modern brick structure that sits there today as Macy's. Some outraged customers cut up their credit cards in protest of the demolition. These protests and preservationist grassroots efforts led to the creation of the Boston Landmarks Commission.

In 1986, the Canadian Campeau Corporation acquired Allied Stores Corporation, which was reorganized under the merger agreement. In February 1987, Campeau merged D.M. Read Co. of Bridgeport, Connecticut, into Jordan Marsh, and merged Jordan Marsh Florida with Maas Brothers of Tampa, Florida, as the new Maas Brothers/Jordan Marsh Florida division.

In 1988, Campeau Corporation acquired Federated Department Stores. To consolidate with Federated, Allied's New York headquarters moved to Cincinnati. Allied Stores: The Bon Marché, Jordan Marsh, Maas Brothers/Jordan Marsh Florida and Stern's, operating in tandem with Federated: Bloomingdale's, Abraham & Straus, Lazarus, Rich's, Goldsmith's, and Burdines.

Closing
In 1990, saddled by debt resulting from the highly leveraged Campeau takeover of Federated, both Federated and Allied filed for bankruptcy. Campeau Corp. U.S., Inc., was renamed Federated Stores, Inc. The operations of Jordan Marsh Florida and Maas Brothers were absorbed by Burdines in 1991.

In 1992, a new public company, Federated Department Stores, Inc., emerged in February. The former Allied Stores Corporation was merged into Federated. A consolidation of the A&S and Jordan Marsh divisions resulted in the A&S/Jordan Marsh division, headquartered in Brooklyn, New York. In 1994, the A&S/Jordan Marsh division merged with Macy's East and the A&S stores were renamed Macy's in 1995. In 1996, Jordan Marsh stores in the Northeast U.S., already part of the Macy's East division, were converted to the Macy's nameplate.

Enchanted Village
From the 1940s until 1972—and again in the early 1990s—the Jordan Marsh flagship store in Boston's Downtown Crossing was home to the Enchanted Village, a lavish Christmas display which at its height took over an entire floor of the department store and was also spotlighted in its display windows. The centerpiece of the display, besides Santa, was an eight-set Lionel electric train display. From what started as a marketing gimmick, the Enchanted Village quickly became a legendary Boston tradition and an annual mainstay of the city's holiday season. Macy's discontinued the Enchanted Village in 1998 when it was moved to City Hall Plaza. More recently it has been housed in the Hynes Convention Center.

On June 16, 2009, the Enchanted Village, including all props and figures was sold at auction, as the City of Boston could no longer afford to be a major sponsor of the annual event. It was sold to Jordan's Furniture (which is a unit of Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway and had no connection to the former Jordan Marsh), and is on display during the holiday season at the Avon, Massachusetts, location.

title: Jordan Marsh


text:
Marilyn Buck

Marilyn Jean Buck (December 13, 1947 – August 3, 2010) was an American Marxist, feminist poet, and anti-war, anti-imperialist, and anti-racist activist, who was imprisoned for her participation in the 1979 prison escape of Assata Shakur, the 1981 Brink's robbery, and the 1983 U.S. Senate bombing. Buck received an 80-year sentence, which she served in federal prison, from where she published numerous articles as well as poetry. She was released on July 15, 2010, less than a month before her death at age 62 from cancer.

Early life and education
Buck was born December 13, 1947, in Midland, Texas, the daughter of Louis Buck, an Episcopal minister. Her mother was a nurse; both are deceased. The family was active in the civil rights movement; when Dr. Buck opposed segregation at St. Andrew's Episcopal School in Austin, Texas, picketed, and harshly criticized the bishop. In response, crosses were burned on the family's lawn, and he was removed as minister from the congregation of St. James in Austin, a congregation which had been integrated by the previous clergyman and his family. Dr. Buck returned to his veterinarian career, from which he had entered the clergy, to support his family.

Buck attended the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Texas at Austin, later graduating from New College of California while incarcerated. She subsequently earned a master's degree in Poetics from New College.

1960s and 70s activism
At the University of Texas, Buck was involved in organizing against the Vietnam War, as well as anti-racist activities. She joined Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and worked with Austin's underground newspaper, The Rag. In 1967, Buck moved to Chicago where she edited SDS' New Left Notes and attended an SDS teacher-organizer school. With other SDS women she helped to incorporate women's liberation into the organization's politics. She subsequently returned to San Francisco where she worked with Third World Newsreel in outreach in support of Native American and Palestinian sovereignty and against U.S. intervention in Iran and Vietnam and in solidarity with the Black liberation movement. With colleague Karen Ross, she explained their practice: "We stop people on the street, and confront them with our films. Involve them as participants. It has come to them during a walk down the street, they’ve stumbled upon it. They have been confronted. The decision to watch, to register disgust or interest is now theirs. To those inquisitive, we explain more."

In 1973, Buck was convicted on two counts of purchasing (otherwise legal) ammunition using false identification and sentenced to ten years in prison. In 1977 Buck was given a furlough from prison and went underground instead of returning.

Support for the New Afrikan Independence Movement
In 1979, Assata Shakur, who had been convicted of killing a policeman, escaped from a New Jersey prison with help from a number of associates outside. In 1983, Buck was recaptured and convicted of participating in Shakur's escape.

Along with a number of Black Liberation Army members and supporters, Buck was convicted of conspiracies to commit armed robbery in the Brinks robbery of 1981, in which a guard and two police officers were killed. She allegedly drove one of the getaway cars, as well as helping to obtain a safe house and weapons. During the investigation into the armed robbery and killings, investigators found weapons and papers in an apartment in East Orange, New Jersey, rented by "Carol Durant," an alias of Buck.

Papers there led police to an address in Mount Vernon, New York, where they found bloody clothing and ammunition belonging to Buck.

Resistance Conspiracy case
In 1985, Buck and six others were convicted in the Resistance Conspiracy case, a series of bombings in protest of United States foreign policy in the Middle East and Central America.

The May 12, 1988, indictment described the goal of the conspiracy as being "to influence, change and protest policies and practices of the United States Government concerning various international and domestic matters through the use of violent and illegal means" and charged the seven with bombing the United States Capitol building, three military installations in the Washington, D.C., area, and four sites in New York City. Warnings were called in before each of these bombings and no one was injured. The Capitol was targeted in retaliation for recent U.S. military invasions of Grenada and Lebanon. The military sites bombed were the National War College at Fort McNair, the Washington Navy Yard Computer Center, and the Washington Navy Yard Officers Club. In New York City, the Staten Island Federal Building, the Israeli Aircraft Industries Building, the South African consulate, and the offices of the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association were bombed or targeted. Six of those charged in the case have since been released from prison, and one was never captured.

== Crimes, convictions, and sentences == 1973: Illegal firearms purchase / gun runner for the Black Liberation Army. Received 10-year prison sentence.

1977: Escape / interstate flight to avoid prosecution. Absconded after furlough from a West Virginia federal prison.

1978: Armored car robbery at the Livingston Mall; $200,000.

1979: Armored car robbery at Bamberger's in Paramus, getaway driver; $105,000.

1979: Aiding and abetting escape / harboring a fugitive, JoAnne Chesimard (a.k.a Assata Shakur)'s jailbreak; getaway driver.

1981: Brink's armored car robbery / murder of two police officers and a guard. Convicted in 1988; 50-year prison sentence

1983: Terrorist bombing of US Capital; convicted, 10-year prison sentence

1983: Terrorist bombing of National War College; convicted, 10-year prison sentence

1984: Terrorist bombing at Washington Navy Yard in Washington, D.C; convicted, 10-year prison sentence

1984: Terrorist bombing at South African Consulate in New York City; convicted, 10-year prison sentence

1985: Captured

As an author
While in prison, Buck contributed articles on women in prison, solitary confinement, political prisoners and related issues to Sojourners Magazine, Monthly Review, and other journals and anthologies.

She published her poetry in journals, anthologies, a chapbook, and an audio CD. She received a PEN American Center prize for poetry in 2001. Her poems appeared in the anthologies Hauling Up the Morning, Wall Tappings, Igniting a Revolution: Voices in Defense of the Earth, Seeds of Fire, and in her chapbook, Rescue the Word. Her poems appear on the audio CD Wild Poppies (Freedom Archives 2004).

Her translations and introduction to Cristina Peri Rossi's poetry appeared in State of Exile, Number 58 in the City Lights Pocket Poets Series.

Death
She died at home in Brooklyn on August 3, 2010, after a long battle with uterine cancer, having been released from the Federal Medical Center, Carswell due to her illness on July 15 of that year.

Works

 * Buck, Marilyn. 2002. Rescue the Word. San Francisco, California: Friends Of Marilyn Buck.
 * Buck, Marilyn. 2003. "The Struggle for Status under International Law U.S. Political Prisoners and The Political Offense Exception to Extradition" in Joy James, ed., Imprisoned Intellectuals: America's Political Prisoners Write on Life, Liberation, and Rebellion (Rowman & Littlefield, 2003, ISBN 978-0-7425-2027-1). Retrieved from Political Prisoner Status under International Law by Marilyn Buck on May 1, 2010.
 * Buck, Marilyn. 2004. "The U.S. Prison State". Monthly Review February. Retrieved from Monthly Review | The U.S. Prison State on March 20, 2008.
 * Buck, Marilyn. 2008. Introduction and translation in Peri Rossi (2008).
 * Buck, Marilyn, Laura Whitehorn, and Susie Day. 2001. "An Interview with Marilyn Buck and Laura Whitehorn: Cruel But Not Unusual: The Punishment of Women in U.S. Prisons". Reprinted in the Wayland Faculty Seminar 2003–2004, Incarceration, Narrative, and Performance. Rhode Island: Brown University. Retrieved March 26, 2008, from Incarceration ... Narratives: Prison Interviews.
 * Freedom Archives, ed. 2004. Wild Poppies: A Poetry Jam Across Prison Walls – Poets And Musicians Honor Poet And Political Prisoner Marilyn Buck. San Francisco, California: Freedom Archives. Audio CD. ISBN 0-9727422-4-7. Available as mp3 downloads at Wild Poppies – Poetry by and with Marilyn Buck.
 * Buck, Marilyn. 2012. Inside/Out: Selected Poems. City Lights. ISBN 978-0-87286-577-8.

title: Marilyn Buck


text:
Talk:Isolecithal

Untitled
This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Isolecithal. dbenbenn | talk 20:08, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Isolecithal


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Khecheopalri Lake

Khecheopalri Lake, originally known as Kha-Chot-Palri (meaning the heaven of Padmasambhava), is a lake located near Khecheopalri village, 147 km west of Gangtok in the West Sikkim district of the Northeastern Indian state of Sikkim.

Located 34 km to the northwest of Pelling town, the lake is sacred for both Buddhists and Hindus, and is believed to be a wish fulfilling lake. The local name for the lake is Sho Dzo Sho, which means "Oh Lady, Sit Here". The popularly known name of the lake, considering its location is Khecheopalri Lake, ensconced in the midst of the Khechoedpaldri hill, which is also considered a sacred hill.

The lake is an integral part of the much revered valley of "Demazong" meaning valley of rice. This landscape is also known as a land of hidden treasures blessed by Guru Padmasambhava.

The Khecheopalri Lake is also part of Buddhist religious pilgrimage circuit involving the Yuksom, the Dubdi Monastery in Yuksom, Pemayangtse Monastery, the Rabdentse ruins, the Sanga Choeling Monastery, and the Tashiding Monastery. An interesting feature of the lake is that leaves are not allowed to float on the lake, which is ensured by the birds which industriously pick them up as soon as they drop into the lake surface.

The Khecheopalri Lake and the Khangchendzonga National Park are conserved from the biodiversity perspective with ecotourism and pilgrimage as essential offshoots. As a result, their recreational and sacredness values are enhanced.

Etymology
According to folklore morphometry, Khecheopalri is made up of two words, Kheecheo and palri. 'Khecheo' means "flying yoginis" or "Taras" (female manifestations of Avalokiteshvara, the Bodhisattva of Compassion) and 'palri' means "palace".

Legends
According to folklore legend related to Sikkim topography, the Khecheopalri is said to represent one of the four plexus of the human body namely, the thorax; the other three plexes are said to be represented by Yuksom (the third eye), Tashiding (head) and Pemayangtse (the heart).

The mythological links to the origin of all the lakes in Sikkim make them sacred and so is the case with the Khecheopalri Lake. Many legends are narrated such as: Guru Padmasambahava preached to sixty-four yoginis here; it is the residing place of the Goddess Tara Jetsun Dolma and the Khecheopalri Lake is her footprint; the lake represents the Goddess Chho Pema; footprints of Macha Zemu Rinpoche are on a stone near the chorten (stupa) near the lake; Hindu god Shiva meditated in Dupukney Cave that is situated above the lake and hence worshipped on "Nag Panchami" day at the lake; a Lepcha girl named Nenjo Asha Lham was blessed by the lake goddess and was gifted with a precious gem which was lost, and it is the belief of the local people that the gem is hidden in the lake; the lake water has curative properties and hence permitted to be used only for performing rites and rituals; and with all these legends, the lake is called a "wish fulfilling lake".

Another folk legend narrated (a plaque erected at the entrance to the lake by the Department of Ecclesiastical Affairs, Government of Sikkim gives some details of the legend ) is that long time back this place used to be a grazing ground, troubled by nettle (the native original tribal population make use of the barks of nettle for multipurpose uses). Then, on a particular day, a Lepcha couple were peeling off the bark of the nettle when they saw a pair of conch shells falling from air on the ground. This was followed by severe shaking of the ground and spring water emerged from below and thus the lake was formed. Based on the sacred Nesol text, the lake was interpreted as the abode of "Tshomen Gyalmo or chief protective nymph of the Dharma as blessed by Goddess Tara".

This lake was also identified as the footprints of Goddess Tara, as from a high vantage point the contours of the lake appear like a footprint. Another belief is that the foot prints are of Hindu god Shiva. The lake because of its high religious significance has been declared a protected lake under the Govt. of Sikkim Notification no. 701/Home/2001/dated 20-09-2001 and the provision of the place of worship (Special Provision Act 1991 of Government of India. Department of Eccliastical Affairs, Government of Sikkim.

The sanctity of the lake is exemplified by another legend, which says that the shape of the lake is in the form of foot that represents the foot of Buddha, which could be seen from the surrounding hills.

Topography
The lake was the original névé (term used to define formation of a glacier from compact granular snow) region of ancient precipitous glaciers. The depression where the lake is situated was formed by the scooping action of the glacier. It forms the southern bank of the Lethang valley. The formation of the lake is estimated to be 3500 years old. The lake is situated amidst pristine forest at an altitude of 1700 m near Tsozo village. The lake drains a catchment area of the Ramam watershed (Ramam mountain gives its name to the valley) and has a drainage area of 12 km2 (including area of bog of 70100 m2. The periphery of lake has the shape of a foot. The surface water spread area of the lake is 3.79 ha. The depth of water in the lake varies from 3.2 - 11.2 m with an average depth of 7.2 m. It is also inferred from a visual observation of the lake that it has undergone changes in its size due to encroachment due to peripheral vegetation and eutrophication, and its original size could have been three times  of its present size. The lake's water spread, which was 7.4 ha in 1963 reduced to 3.8 ha in 1997 and consequently the peatland (bog) increased from 3.4 - 7 ha. Inflow into the lake is through two perennial and five non perennial streams, while the outflow is from one outlet. In addition, during the monsoon season two streams are also diverted temporarily into the lake to supplement its storage capacity. The geological setting in the lake and its surrounding hills consist of granite gneiss, schist and phyllites.

The lake is enveloped in a dense forest cover of temperate vegetation and bamboo. 72 households and 440 people live in villages around the lake periphery. The Lepchas are the main ethnic group of the place. Traditional agriculture is the main livelihood and recently some households have become involved in tourism. Pelling–Yuksom road leads to the lake, which is surrounded by densely forested hills. There is also a monastery above the lake.

Climate
The climate of the lake region is monsoonal. The maximum and minimum temperatures recorded are 24 C and 4 C.

Flora and fauna
The lake is surrounded by a broad-leaved mixed temperate forest. However, the vegetation in the lake comprises Macrophytes, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton.
 * Vegetation

The Phytoplankton species are a composition of different families namely, Chlorophyceae (18) which is the foremost group, Chrysophyceae (15), Cyanophyceae (11), and one species each of Charophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cryptophyceae.

The Zooplanktons recorded are: 7 rotifers, 5 protozoans, 2 each of copepods and cladocerans, and 1 each of ostracods and isopods.

The fish species recorded in the lake are: Cyprinus carpio, Danio aequipinnatus, Garra sp., Schistura sp. and Schziothorax sp.
 * Aquatic fauna

The avifauna recorded in the lake, particularly in the festive season when they gather in the early hours of the morning (dispersed with human presence) at the middle of the lake are: grebe (Podiceps ruficollis), common merganser– Mergus merganser, large cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo), little cormorant (microcarbo niger), common teal (Anascrecca), tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), White-breasted waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus), moorhen (gallimlachorophy) and crane brown Amaurornisbi colour. The lake is also a resting-place for Trans-Himalayan migratory birds and supports commercial and recreational tourism. Trans Himalayan migratory birds visit the lake.
 * Avifauna

Threats
Khecheopalri Lake and the Khangchendzonga National Park (KNP), which are visited by tourists and trekkers on the Yuksom-Dzongri-GoechhaLa trekking corridor (45 km long trek) have caused concerns of environmental deterioration in the region. It is recorded that tourist inflow into Sikkim had seen a quantum jump in the period between 1980 and 2001; domestic tourism increased by more than 10 times and international tourists inflow increased by about fourfold. This concern is not limited to very high influx of tourists but also loss of biodiversity due to extraction of valuable ecosystem components due to deforestation and adoption of harmful land-use practices. The inhabitants around the lake exploit the natural resources of the lake watershed by way of extraction of fuel, fodder and timber, and by livestock grazing. Pilgrimage season compounds the threats to the lake environment in the form of outwash of the offerings made into the lake by pilgrims, decomposition of waste material resulting in increase in acidity of the lake waters and consequent high pH values (varied between 6.8 and 8.5), reduction in Dissolved Oxygen levels, increase in concentration of chlorides, iron and ammonia levels and proliferation of planktons such as protococus and tetraspora. All these factors increased the pollution level in the lake waters.

Conservation measures
A scientific study was, therefore, instituted (the first such study in India of a sacred lake in a temperate zone) with the objective of quantifying the sacredness value of the lake and the related recreational value of the Yuksom-Dzongri-Goechha La corridor. The study was carried out by gathering interactive information from tourists who visit the lake throughout the year (both national and international) and local community on their perceptions for conservation and tourism. This study has established that monetary values need to be attributed to conservation of the site for biodiversity and pilgrimage through regulated ecotourism. This could also usher in economic development, closely linked to conservation.

Thus, ecotourism, promoted with the involvement of local communities, could not only provide economic benefits but also control further deterioration of biodiversity in the Khecheopalri Lake surroundings as well as in the Yuksom-Dzongri-Goechha La Corridor. Further, as a conservation measure, fishing or any other recreational activities at the lake have been prohibited. Swimming and boating in the lake are also prohibited. There is also the belief among the local community that any disturbance on the 'Holy Lake' could lead to calamities and unwelcome events.

To reduce the pollution levels in the lake, the measures envisaged are: afforestation of degraded forest areas, prayer ceremonies to be made monastery centric than lake centric, implement a management plan with full local participation, shifting cultivation and grazing in the catchment to be discouraged, weed control through manual and mechanical extraction and most importantly to check anthropogenic and agricultural runoff into the lake.

To ensure lake conservation and management, the Khecheopalri Holy Lake Welfare Committee (KHLWC) and the local community are involved in developing plantations and management of festivals. They have stopped grazing around the lake periphery and even stopped construction of a footpath on the periphery of the lake in order to maintain the forest vegetation surrounding the lake.

Facilities
Now, there is a lake Jetty that leads to the front of the lake and from where prayers and incense are offered. Prayer wheels are fixed along the jetty with prayer flags and Tibetan inscriptions, adding to the piety of the place.

Annual Buddhist rituals from the readings of the Naysul prayer book, which describes the origin of Sikkim and has several tantric secret prayers, are chanted at the lake.

Religiosity
Khecheopalri Lake was once worshipped by animistic Lepchas as a location of spiritual power. It became a sacred Buddhist site around 1700 with the establishment of Khecheopalri Monastery, and the lake is now the subject of a mixture of Buddhist and animistic practices. Pilgrims to the lake seek healing and fertility. Every day, people offer flowers and food to the lake's dakini. The dakini has many names, and most of the Bhutia-Lepcha villagers and Buddhist pilgrims think of the lake as her foot. The monks of Khecheopalri Monastery and the surrounding areas dedicate several ceremonies to the lake each year, along with animistic priests.

Festival
As the sacred Khecheopalri Lake is known as a "wish fulfilling lake", folklore and legends associated with it are many. The folk lore has generated deep religious interest and as a result lake's waters are permitted to be used only for performing rites and rituals. Consequently, a religious fair, one of the largest festivals, is held here every year for two days in Maghe purne (March/April), which is attended by a large number of pilgrims from all parts of Sikkim, Bhutan, Nepal and India. They offer food material to the lake and carry waters of the lake as Prasad (substance that is first offered to a deity and then consumed). People believe that Shiva exists in "solemn meditation inside the lake". During this festival, pilgrims float butter lamps in the lake on bamboo boats tied with khadas (scared scarves), in the evenings chanting prayers as mark of reverence, along with many other food offerings.

Chho-Tsho, is another festival that is observed here in the month of October after the cardamom harvest to offer gratitude for providing people with food.

title: Khecheopalri Lake


text:
Somon

Somon may refer to:

 * Sōmon, the outer gate of a Japanese Buddhist temple
 * Somon, Tajikistan, an administrative division in Tajikistan
 * Sum (administrative division)

title: Somon


text: User talk:69.141.8.245

title: User talk:69.141.8.245


text:
Great Lakes Airlines (Canada)

Great Lakes Airlines was a regional airline in Canada. It was formed in 1958 in Sarnia, Ontario by John Blunt and by 1983 became Air Ontario Ltd. In June 1987 Air Ontario Ltd. merged with Austin Airways to form Air Ontario Inc. which in turn subsequently operated Air Canada Connector code sharing passenger flights on behalf of Air Canada with Convair 580 and de Havilland Canada DHC-8 Dash 8 series 100 and 300 turboprops. Air Ontario also operated Fokker F28 Fellowship jets at one point.

Aircraft in service with Great Lakes during the 1970s, being Convair 440 propliners and Convair 580 turboprops, were older and subject to vibrations during take-off, resulting in passengers nicknaming the company "Great Shakes". Convair 580 turboprops operated by Air Ontario prompted the nickname "Scare Ontario".

Destinations in 1979
Great Lakes Airlines was serving the following destinations in Ontario province in Canada with scheduled passenger flights operated with Convair aircraft in 1979:

 * London, Ontario
 * Ottawa, Ontario
 * Peterborough, Ontario
 * Sarnia, Ontario
 * Toronto, Ontario

title: Great Lakes Airlines (Canada)


text:
Charlottesville, Virginia metropolitan area

The Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area is a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia as defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The combined population is: 201,559 (2010 census), 218,615 (2018 estimate), and 235,232 (2019 estimate).

MSA components
''Note: Since a constitutional change in 1871, all cities in the state are independent cities. The OMB considers these independent cities to be county-equivalents for the purpose of defining MSAs in Virginia.''

There are five counties and one independent city that contribute to the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area.

 * Counties
 * Albemarle
 * Fluvanna
 * Greene
 * Nelson
 * Independent Cities
 * Charlottesville

Places with more than 10,000 inhabitants

 * Charlottesville (Principal city)
 * Lake Monticello (CDP)

Places with 1,000 to 10,000 inhabitants

 * Crozet (CDP)
 * Hollymead (CDP)
 * Pantops (CDP)
 * Piney Mountain (CDP)
 * Rio (CDP)
 * Rivanna (CDP)
 * Twin Lakes (CDP)
 * University of Virginia (CDP)

Places with less than 1,000 inhabitants

 * Columbia (incorporated town in Fluvanna County)
 * Lovingston (CDP)
 * Palmyra (CDP)
 * Scottsville (incorporated town in Albemarle County)
 * Stanardsville (incorporated town in Greene County)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 174,021 people, 67,575 households, and 42,840 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 80.77% White, 14.07% African American, 0.16% Native American, 2.68% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.80% from other races, and 1.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.23% of the population.

The median income for a household in the MSA was $42,166, and the median income for a family was $50,225. Males had a median income of $32,974 versus $26,579 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $21,574. As of the 2020 census, there were 238,348 people residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 71% White, 14.2% African American, 1.6% Native American, 6.8% Asian, and 0.2% Pacific Islander. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.4% of the population.

Politics
The Charlottesville metropolitan area leans Democratic. Similar to other college towns, Charlottesville City is a Democratic stronghold. Albemarle County leans Democratic, paralleling the entire region, since it houses urban, suburban, exurban, and rural pockets. Fluvanna and Greene counties are Republican strongholds as they are composed of suburban, exurban, and rural areas, which vote more conservative than their urban counterparts. Although Buckingham and Nelson counties are almost entirely rural, they are the most moderate jurisdictions in the region, voting for the Democratic nominee Barack Obama in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections and the Republican nominee Donald Trump in the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections, respectively.

The entire region, apart from Greene County and a sliver of Albemarle County, which are located in Virginia's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Abigail Spanberger, is located in Virginia's 5th congressional district, represented by Republican Bob Good. The 7th district has an even Cook PVI score while the 5th district has a R+7 score.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dan Crippen

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 00:56, Mar 6, 2005 (UTC)

Dan Crippen
Google turns up 596 unique matches for this individual. Resume-cruft, or "encyclopedic" information? GRider\talk 20:15, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but with reservations. Article needs expansion. Megan1967 23:39, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, public servant-cruft?--nixie 00:26, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, sounds plenty notable. Kappa 02:40, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Member of some government groups, but then so are many people, he doesn't appear to have done anything very special with his membership. Unless notability is further established than this article and a couple hundred google matches, delete. Radiant! 09:11, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Based on the evidence available, he does not quite seem to meet my understanding of the recommended criteria for inclusion of biographies. Delete unless further evidence is presented.  Rossami (talk) 00:05, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, 4 years as director of CBO seems notable enough. -- Jmabel | Talk 05:27, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The CBO is a lot more notable than it sounds, as is its director. Gamaliel 05:31, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This guy is one of the top contenders for the job of NASA Administrator (as indicated by NASAWatch). Hektor

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Anne Winters (poet)

Anne Winters is an American poet, leftist, and professor of English at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Having received an early university education at both New York University and Columbia University in New York City, where she was born and raised, she went on to complete her PhD at the University of California, Berkeley. She has studied, in various schools, under the well-known American poets Allen Tate, Randall Jarrell and Robert Lowell. She currently teaches British literature, the Bible (Winters is well-versed in classical Greek, Latin and Hebrew), and graduate courses in translation and poetry.

New York City is the primary subject of her poems. She has won several national awards, most recently the William Carlos Williams Award and Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize for 'The Displaced of Capital.' She was the recipient of a 2006 Guggenheim fellowship, and a 1997 Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award.

Poetry

 * The Key to the City (1986)
 * The Displaced of Capital (2004)

Translation

 * Salamander: Selected Poems of Robert Marteau (1979) (translated from the French)

title: Anne Winters (poet)


text:
Edmund Dudley

Edmund Dudley (c. 1462 or 1471/1472 – 17 August 1510) was an English administrator and a financial agent of King Henry VII. He served as a leading member of the Council Learned in the Law, Speaker of the House of Commons and President of the King's Council. After the accession of Henry VIII, he was imprisoned in the Tower of London and executed the next year on a treason charge. While waiting for his execution he wrote The Tree of Commonwealth. Edmund Dudley was both the father of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, Edward VI's second Regent as well as the grandfather of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, a favourite of Henry VIII's daughter, Elizabeth I.

Career
Edmund Dudley was the son of Sir John Dudley of Atherington, West Sussex and a grandson of John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley. After studying at Oxford, and at Gray's Inn, Dudley came under the notice of Henry VII, and is said to have been made a Privy Councillor at the early age of 23. In 1492, he helped to negotiate the Peace of Etaples with France and soon assisted the king in checking the lawlessness of the barons. He and his colleague Sir Richard Empson were prominent councillors of the Council Learned in the Law, a special tribunal of Henry VII's reign, which collected debts owed to the king, requested bonds as surety, and employed further financial instruments against high-born and wealthy subjects. Henry VII took a strong interest in these procedures and closely supervised the accounts of the two men.

Dudley was elected MP for Lewes, in 1491, and knight of the shire for Sussex, in 1495. In 1504, he was chosen as Speaker of the House of Commons. While collecting the king's money, Dudley amassed a great amount of wealth for himself, which resulted in estates in Sussex, Dorset, and Lincolnshire. A 1509 inventory of his house in Candelwykstrete, London, gave the earliest reference to window curtains.

When Henry VII died in April 1509, Dudley was imprisoned, and charged with the crime of constructive treason. Dudley's nominal crime was that during the last illness of Henry VII he had ordered his friends to assemble in arms in case the king died, but the real reason for his charge was his unpopularity stemming from his financial transactions. He was attainted and made preparations to escape from the Tower of London. He gave up his plan, though, when parliament did not confirm his attainder, which led him to believe that he would be pardoned. However while in prison he declared a will. Dudley and his colleague Empson were executed on 17 August 1510 on Tower Hill.

During his imprisonment, Dudley sought to gain the favour of King Henry VIII by writing a treatise in support of absolute monarchy, called The Tree of Commonwealth. It may, however, never have reached the king. Several manuscript editions survive: the earliest was possibly commissioned by Dudley's son, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland; while the second oldest was made by John Stow in 1563 for Dudley's grandson, Robert Dudley.

Marriages and issue
Edmund Dudley married twice:
 * First, in about 1494, Anne Windsor, sister of Andrew Windsor, 1st Baron Windsor, by whom he had a daughter:
 * Elizabeth Dudley (born c. 1500), who married William Stourton, 7th Baron Stourton.
 * Secondly, between 1500 and 1503, Elizabeth Grey (c. 1480–1525), a daughter of Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Lisle (died 1492). Three sons were born to this marriage:
 * John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1504 – 22 August 1553)
 * Andrew Dudley (c. 1507–1559 )
 * Jerome Dudley (died after 1555), destined for the Church by his father, yet was mentally or physically incapacitated.

title: Edmund Dudley


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Danville, Virginia micropolitan area

The Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area is a Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA) in Virginia as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB). As of the 2010 census, the μSA had a population of 106,561

The Danville μSA was previously classified as a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) until 2013, when it was demoted to a Micropolitan Statistical Area due to core urban area's population falling below 50,000.

μSA components
''Note: Since a state constitutional change in 1871, all cities in Virginia are independent cities that are not located in any county. The OMB considers these independent cities to be county-equivalents for the purpose of defining MSAs and μSAs in Virginia.''

One county and one independent city are included in the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

 * Counties
 * Pittsylvania
 * Independent Cities
 * Danville

Incorporated places

 * Chatham
 * Danville (Principal city)
 * Gretna
 * Hurt

Unincorporated places

 * Blairs
 * Chalk Level
 * Dry Fork
 * Grit
 * Mount Airy
 * Mt. Hermon
 * Pickeral's Crossing
 * Pittsville
 * Renan
 * Ringgold
 * Sonans
 * Straightstone
 * Whittles Depot
 * Tightsqueeze

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 110,156 people, 45,291 households, and 31,157 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 65.71% White, 32.64% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.24% of the population.

The median income for a household in the μSA was $31,027, and the median income for a family was $38,600. Males had a median income of $29,863 versus $21,383 for females. The per capita income for the μSA was $17,071.

title: Danville, Virginia micropolitan area


text:
Consentius

Publius Consentius was a 5th-century Latin grammarian and the author of two treatises, which are perhaps the fragments of a complete grammar: Ars de duabus partibus orationis, nomine et verbo, on the noun and the verb, which was much used during the Carolingian period, and Ars de barbarismis et metaplasmis, on barbarisms and metaplasm. The latter refers to a third essay, De structurarum ratione, on the structure of sentences, which, if ever published, no longer exists.

Nomine et verbo was published by Johann Sichard at Basel in 1528 and subsequently, in a much more complete form, in the collection of Helias van Putschen, who had access to manuscripts that he used to rectify many deficiencies, large and small. De barbarismis was discovered by Andreas Wilhelm Cramer in a Regensburg manuscript now at Munich, and it was published at Berlin by Philipp Karl Buttmann in 1817.

Consentius is believed to have lived at Constantinople in the middle of the fifth century, and may have been the poet Consentius, his son, or his grandson. The poet and his grandson were praised by Sidonius Apollinaris, but the son may be the best candidate for the grammarian. According to Johann Albert Fabricius, in some manuscripts the grammarian is styled not only vir clarissimus, the ordinary appellation of learned men at that period, but also quintus consularis quinque civitatem, indicating that he had achieved high office and imperial favor. Consentius the son rose to high honor under Valentinian III, who named him Comes Palatii and dispatched him upon an important mission to Theodosius II.

Some of Consentius' ideas are surprisingly modern. He explicitly differentiates signifié and signifiant, the word itself and the thing signified by it. He explains grammatical gender by saying that masculine or feminine gender was ascribed, either randomly or by some consensus (seu licenter seu decenter), to some entities which lack natural gender.

title: Consentius


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Kozhuun

Kozhuun (Кожуун, ) is the Tuvan term of an historical feudal administrative division known as a banner.

The term kozhuun is used today as a unit in the system of the administrative divisions of the Tuva Republic of Russia. A typical federal subject of Russia is subdivided into raions. Kozhuun is an ethnic name for a raion, used only in Tuva.

Tuva historically had nine kozhuun. Each kozhuun was divided into sums which was then subdivided into arbans.

List of historical kozhuuns

 * Beezi
 * Daa-van and Choodu
 * Khaasuut
 * Khemchik
 * Nibazy
 * Oyunnar
 * Salchak
 * Shalyk
 * Tozhu

title: Kozhuun


text:
User:Personperson

Real name: Not willing to tell

Why, you might ask, am I not willing to tell you my name. If I did, you would probably confuse me with someone else. I apologize to Wikipedia for letting myself put false alerts on thw website under BK-somethingsomething's command (he is a friend of mine). I hope I can make big controbutions in the future.

title: User:Personperson


text:
Ontario Express

Ontario Express was a regional airline in Canada.

History
Ontario Express first started operations on July 15, 1987 as a regional feeder airline for Canadian Airlines based at the Toronto Pearson International Airport. It began service to Hamilton in March 1989. This was a way to apply the newly designed commercial aviation strategy at the time: use smaller aircraft to gather passengers from various locations and "feed" the main airline which would then carry those passengers worldwide. The term "feeder airline" became a standard in all commercial aviation. The other term employed was a "spoke and wheel" type of organization, the spoke being the centre where all the feeder airlines would fly in the passengers from around the area. Operations started with 4 Jetstream 31 aircraft, manufactured by British Aerospace. ATR 42 aircraft, built by a Franco-Italian consortium Avions de transport régional, were added to the fleet in 1988. Ontario Express was the first airline to import and operate those 2 aircraft in Canada. The first cities that were connected to Toronto were: Windsor, Sault Ste. Marie, Sarnia, London, Kingston, Thunder Bay, Ottawa, and Sudbury.

title: Ontario Express


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Harrisonburg metropolitan area

The Harrisonburg Metropolitan Statistical Area is a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in Virginia as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB). As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 135,571 (though a July 1, 2021 estimate placed the population at 135,824).

MSA components
''Note: Since a state constitutional change in 1871, all cities in Virginia are independent cities that are not located in any county. The OMB considers these independent cities to be county-equivalents for the purpose of defining MSAs in Virginia.''

One county and one independent city are included in the Harrisonburg Metropolitan Statistical Area.

 * Counties
 * Rockingham
 * Independent Cities
 * Harrisonburg

Incorporated places

 * Bridgewater
 * Broadway
 * Dayton
 * Elkton
 * Grottoes (partial)
 * Harrisonburg (Principal city)
 * Mount Crawford
 * Timberville

Census-designated places
Note: All census-designated places are unincorporated.
 * Massanutten

Independent city
As an independent city, Harrisonburg is not a part of Rockingham County, despite its status as the county seat.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 108,193 people, 38,488 households, and 25,337 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 92.19% White, 3.07% African American, 0.15% Native American, 1.35% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.82% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.36% of the population.

The median income for a household in the MSA was $35,349, and the median income for a family was $45,711. Males had a median income of $30,285 versus $22,403 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $16,847.

title: Harrisonburg metropolitan area


text:
Talk:Rosey Grier

Merger
I merged this article as requested with Roosevelt Grier under the more common name Rosey Grier. More info needs to be added about his days as a player at Penn State by the way. --Jtalledo 20:20, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

"It's All Right to Cry"
How famous is this song, and the fact that he sang it? I think it should be mentioned, but, then again, I remember how big the album "Free to Be You and Me" was when it came out.FlaviaR 05:23, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

I just added a brief paragraph about his recording career, which didn't seem to get a mention, but it needs more. Lyn50 (talk) 23:38, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

Pam Grier
It is rumored that Rosey and Pam Grier are cousins, but her memoir Foxy: My Life in Three Acts (p. 83) states that they are not. Cherdt (talk) 20:36, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Acting credits
My memory is very hazy on this, but didn't he appear in the music video for "(Nothing Serious) Just Buggin’" by Whistle? RadioKAOS –  Talk to me, Billy  20:23, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rosey Grier


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Daniel Lue

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Pending deletion: block compress error. Joyous 17:05, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

Daniel Lue
Does being the least popular contestant on an American reality TV show somehow make you encyclopedic? Or are all participants on such a television show simply inherently noteworthy? Will people really being using Wikipedia to research this information 10 years from now? ...20? ...50?  Ever? GRider\talk 20:21, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC) Merge with the show or keep. Can't describe a show properly without describing its contestants. Kappa 02:39, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete reality show contestant. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 20:45, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, just under the bar of notability. Megan1967 23:36, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The problem with things like this is that some reality show people are notable and some are not, and drawing the line can be difficult. Winners of the major reality shows I think would pass, but then there are people like Omarosa, Puck (The Real World), Rudy from the first Survivor, and, of course William Hung. Hung got a recording contract (somehow), so that separates him from the flock, but others are simply just more famous or infamous than most, and it's hard to quantify that. This case I think will have to be a delete, because I really see nothing here. I guess part of the question is is this guy actively unpopular? Or does he just lack popularity? If he lacks popularity simply because no one cares then it's a clear delete, if he's reviled it might be a different story. -R. fiend 02:03, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur with R.Fiend - Delete Radiant! 13:09, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Lynchburg metropolitan area

The Lynchburg Metropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in the state of Virginia, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 2003. As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 228,616. In 2009 this was estimated to have risen to 247,447; as of 2016, the Lynchburg MSA was estimated to have a population of 260,320, making it the fifth-largest metro area in the state.

MSA components
''Note: Since a state constitutional change in 1871, places in Virginia incorporated as a "city" are independent cities and are not located in any county. The OMB considers these independent cities to be county-equivalents for the purpose of defining MSAs in Virginia.''

Four counties and one independent city are included in the Lynchburg Metropolitan Statistical Area.

 * Counties
 * Amherst
 * Appomattox
 * Bedford
 * Campbell
 * Independent Cities
 * Lynchburg

Places with more than 75,000 inhabitants

 * Lynchburg (Principal city)

Places with 10,000 to 15,000 inhabitants

 * Forest (census-designated place)
 * Madison Heights (census-designated place)
 * Timberlake (census-designated place)

Places with 1,000 to 10,000 inhabitants

 * Altavista
 * Amherst
 * Appomattox
 * Bedford
 * Brookneal
 * Rustburg (census-designated place)

Places with less than 1,000 inhabitants

 * Pamplin City (partial)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 228,616 people, 89,736 households, and 62,698 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 79.42% White, 18.16% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.95% of the population.

The median income for a household in the MSA was $35,890, and the median income for a family was $42,085. Males had a median income of $31,701 versus $21,702 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $18,073.

title: Lynchburg metropolitan area


text:
Incomplete repetition

Incomplete repetition is a musical form featuring two large sections, the second being a partial or incomplete re-presentation or repetition of the first.

This form is used throughout the traditional Plains-Pueblo Native American music where the first section uses vocables and the second uses meaningful words or lyrics. Typical formal schemes include ABC, BC, AABC, and ABC and each section uses a tile type melodic contour.

Examples of AABC form include Tadd Dameron's "Lady Bird".

title: Incomplete repetition