text:
In Watermelon Sugar

In Watermelon Sugar is an American postmodern post-apocalyptic novel by Richard Brautigan written in 1964 and published in 1968.

Set in the aftermath of a fallen civilization, it focuses on a commune organized around a central gathering house which is named "i DEATH ". In this environment, many things are made of watermelon sugar (though the inhabitants also use pine wood and stone for building material and fuel made from trout oil). The landscape of the novel is constantly in flux; each day of the week has a different colored sun which creates different colored watermelons, and the central building also changes frequently. The novel's narrator, who is left unnamed, claims to be writing an investigative book on his experiences at i DEATH. Its first-person narrative is sparse and minimalist, granting the novel a detached and alien quality.

Plot
Through the narrator's first-person account, we learn the story of the people and the events of i DEATH. The central tension is created by Margaret, once a lover of the narrator, and in BOIL, a rebellious man who has left i DEATH to live near a shunned area called the Forgotten Works, a huge trash heap where the remnants of a former civilization lie abandoned in great piles. Margaret, a collector of such "forgotten things", is friendly with in BOIL and his followers, who explore the place and make whiskey.

in BOIL 's separation from the group may have been related to the annihilation of the tigers, killed many years previously by the people. It is not clear to the reader whether the tigers were actual tigers, human beings or somehow anthropomorphic: they killed and ate people, including the narrator's parents, but they could also talk, sing, and play musical instruments, and were at least competent with arithmetic. Two tigers were killed on a bridge known later as the "abandoned" bridge. The last tiger was killed on a spot later developed into a trout hatchery.

In the violent climax of the novel, told in retrospect after the fact, in BOIL returns to the community along with a handful of followers, planning, he says, to show the residents what i DEATH really is. The residents know only that something is about to happen. After leading members of the community to the trout hatchery, in BOIL a nd his followers commit suicide, dismembering their faces with jackknives. Margaret appears oblivious to the threats, and unconcerned about the safety of her family and friends. Many suspect that Margaret knew and did not reveal details of in BOIL 's real plan, thus "conspiring" with the evil men. She is semi-ostracized from i DEATH. At the beginning of the novel the narrator reveals that he ended their relationship because of these events.

Interpretations
The concept of i DEATH is subject to various interpretations. It can be seen as a new Eden in a post-apocalyptic world, with the old destroyed world represented by the Forgotten Works, connecting the narrator and his new lover to Adam and Eve. The novel alludes to communal experiments of the 1960s, involving the intersection of nature and technology. For example, the i DEATH building seems to have been constructed around nature, rather than displacing it; the building houses many trees, rocks, a creek, and a trout hatchery. Brautigan himself said he based the book on his life in Bolinas, whose inhabitants were at that time known for their semi-communal and insular ways.

In a 1992 assessment of the novel, literary critic Patrick Morrow wrote: "It is possible to give an ironic reading to In Watermelon Sugar, but this would entail a psychological interpretation of the fable, and fables are traditionally black and white — issue-directed, not motivation- and character-directed." The novel is considered a work of postmodern fiction. Literary critic Carolyn Kelly commented on the novel's setting, writing: "Indeed, the perfected world of this novel does not work. Brautigan's silence speaks loudly as he presents what seems to be a parody of the pastoral. This society may represent what modern man might wish it to be—an answer to or a substitute for the mechanistic, profit-seeking, inhumane world of social and moral decadence in which he finds himself, but the distortion in the new society is also obvious and just as unattractive. Viewing this book, then, as a parody of the pastoral, one might consider the ideas that are implied by the silence and attempt to determine what Brautigan's attitude is toward this 'perfect' society."

Allusions in other works
In Watermelon Sugar is referenced in Ray Mungo's book on his experiences founding and running the Total Loss Farm commune in Vermont. He speaks of i DEATH several times. Stephen Gaskin, who wrote that he felt an "acid weird" and "strange mythology" in the book, may have based some aspects of The Farm commune in Summertown, Tennessee on i DEATH.

The titles and characters are also used as lyrics in a song by new rave band Klaxons in their song "Forgotten Works", that features on their album Myths of the Near Future.

Neko Case references this book as the inspiration for her song "Margaret versus Pauline" on the album Fox Confessor Brings the Flood.

The setting of the novel is also referenced in song "The Tigers" by the band Goodbye Kumiko. i DEATH is also briefly referenced in the "New Traveler's Almanac" section of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen Volume 2.

In Watermelon Sugar is also referenced multiple times in the Dean Koontz novel, One Door Away from Heaven, by an important secondary character who believes, in her near-constant drug-soaked haze, that she would unlock the secrets of the universe if she could only understand this book properly.

The main character of the 1998 Wally Lamb novel I Know This Much Is True reads and references In Watermelon Sugar throughout the novel.

Harry Styles shared, during a February 2020 Tiny Desk Concert, that a copy of the book inspired the title of his song "Watermelon Sugar".

title: In Watermelon Sugar


text:
Scotia Plaza

Scotia Plaza is a commercial skyscraper in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Originally built to serve as the global headquarters of Canadian bank Scotiabank, it is in the financial district of the downtown core bordered by Yonge Street on the east, King Street West on the south, Bay Street on the west, and Adelaide Street West on the north. At 275 m, Scotia Plaza is Canada's third tallest skyscraper and the 52nd tallest building in North America. It is connected to the PATH network, and contains 190000 m2 of office space on 68 floors and 40 retail stores.

Olympia and York developed the complex as an expansion of the adjacent headquarters of Scotiabank and the bank continues to occupy approximately 24 floors of the structure. Olympia and York owned the complex from its completion until the company was liquidated due to overwhelming debt in 1993. Scotiabank led a consortium of banks to purchase the mortgage for Scotia Plaza and over the next five years, it purchased additional shares from its partners until it was the property's majority owner.

On January 19, 2012, Scotiabank announced it would sell the iconic building and on May 22, announced a final agreement with Dundee Real Estate Investment Trust (now Dream Office REIT) and H&R Real Estate Investment Trust for $1.27 billion, making it the last of Canada's major banks to divest ownership of its Toronto headquarters property. In 2016, H&R and Dream sold 50% of the building to KingSett Capital and AIMCo; in 2017, Dream sold its remaining 50% stake in 2017 to the same two companies. In 2022, Scotiabank relocated its global head office to the recently completed Scotiabank North tower at 40 Temperance Street in Toronto, part of the Bay Adelaide Centre complex. The bank continues to retain a significant corporate presence at Scotia Plaza, having renewed a 560,000-square-foot lease in 2021.

Architecture
The tower incorporates the historic Beaux-Arts Bank of Nova Scotia Building at 44 King Street West, by architects Mathers and Haldenby with Beck and Eadie, built between 1946 and 1951 on the site of Cawthra House. The 115 m, 27-storey structure was designated as significant under the Ontario Heritage Act by the City of Toronto in 1975 and was renovated with a historically sensitive design that includes a 14-storey glass atrium connecting it to the new structure. The atrium houses a large banking hall incorporating architectural features from both the historic and modern components of the complex and includes a 40 m large, metal structure referred to as the Circle of the Provinces which houses the teller services for the Bank of Nova Scotia's main branch.

WZMH Architects designed the modern tower which was built between 1985 and 1988. Excavation for the tower extended 33.5 m, the deepest for a building in Canada's history. The tower consists of 68 storeys above ground and 6 storeys below ground with a parallelogram floorplan. Red Napoleon Granite, quarried in Sweden, cut and polished in Italy, then imported to Canada, covers much of the exterior and many interior surfaces. Windows are dark tinted glass framed by the granite. The north and south facades follow a step profile giving many floors over 12 desirable corner offices. The east and west façades feature a deeply recessed, stepped-chevron extending between floors 56 and 68. The area within the chevron is covered with the same glass in metal frames, creating a visual void. Instead of a steel skeleton to bear structural loads, the tower employs high strength reinforced concrete. The tower's two low-rise wings extend east to 104 Yonge Street and north to 11 Adelaide Street West. The Adelaide wing incorporates the historic façade of the Wood Gundy Building, previously located at 40 King Street West, and Yonge Street wing incorporates the Dunfield Building.

Essential to the project during construction was maintaining the Bank of Nova Scotia's head office and Toronto Main banking Branch functions with minimal disruption throughout the eight-year, two-phase construction. The tower's project and construction managers were Goldie-Burgess Ltd., followed by W. Tamm Consulting Limited.

Scotiabank's vault of gold and other bullion is below Scotia Plaza.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Scotia Plaza


text:
Sad Sam Jones

Samuel Pond "Sad Sam" Jones (July 26, 1892 – July 6, 1966) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the Cleveland Indians, Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, St. Louis Browns, Washington Senators and the Chicago White Sox between 1914 and 1935. Jones batted and threw right-handed. His sharp breaking curveball also earned him the nickname "Horsewhips Sam".

Career
In a 22-year career, Jones compiled a 229–217 record with 1223 strikeouts and a 3.84 ERA in 3,883 innings pitched. Jones signed his first professional contract in 1913, with the Flood Sufferers in Zanesville, Ohio. After brief stints with two other minor league teams, he made his major league debut with the Indians in 1914. Before the 1916 season, he was sent to Boston in the same trade that brought Tris Speaker to Cleveland.

In 1918, Jones joined the Red Sox starting rotation, ending with a 16–5 mark, a career-best 2.25 ERA, and a league-best .762 winning percentage. His most productive season came in 1921, when he posted career-highs in wins (23), strikeouts (98) and innings (298.2), and led the league in shutouts (5). But his most remembered season may have been 1923 as the ace of the Yankees' staff; he posted a 21–8 record with a 3.63 ERA and led his team to their first World Series title. Jones also no-hit the Philadelphia Athletics 2-0 on September 4 at Shibe Park, in a game in which he did not record a strikeout the entire game. Only two other pitchers (Earl Hamilton and Ken Holtzman) have thrown a no-hitter with no strikeouts. Jones was 2–1 against the New York Giants in that World Series, and his crucial relief work in the final game of the Series clinched the championship for the Yankees. Like most pitchers of his time, Jones relieved as well as started, and his eight saves in 1922 led the league's relief pitchers.

Jones lost a league-high 21 games in 1925. He pitched for the Browns a year later, and was waived to Washington in 1927. With the Senators, Jones regained his form, leading his team's staff with a 17–7 record. He enjoyed his last good season in 1930, ending with a 15–7 mark. After four years of service for the White Sox, Jones retired in 1935 as the oldest active player at the time (42). His 22 consecutive seasons pitching in one league is a major league record shared with Herb Pennock, Early Wynn, Red Ruffing and Steve Carlton.

He was a better than average hitting pitcher in his career, compiling a .197 batting average (245-for-1243) with 151 runs, 6 home runs, 101 RBI and drawing 139 bases on balls.

Sad Sam Jones died in Barnesville, Ohio, at the age of 73.

Nickname

 * "Bill McGeehan of the New York Herald-Tribune dubbed him Sad Sam because, to him, Jones looked downcast on the field. Jones told Lawrence Ritter that the reason he looked downcast was because, 'I would always wear my cap down real low over my eyes. And the sportswriters were more used to fellows like Waite Hoyt, who'd always wear their caps way up so they wouldn't miss any pretty girls'." – Ed Walton, at Baseball Library

title: Sad Sam Jones


text:
WLVT-TV

WLVT-TV (channel 39) is a PBS member television station in Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States. Owned by Lehigh Valley Public Media, it is a sister station to Philadelphia-licensed PBS member WPPT (channel 35). WLVT-TV's studios are located in the south side of Bethlehem, and its transmitter is located south of nearby Allentown atop South Mountain.

20th century
The station first signed on the air on September 7, 1965, as a member station of National Educational Television (NET), and eventually joined PBS upon its 1970 founding. WLVT-TV is commonly known as "PBS39", a reference to the main virtual channel, 39.1.

The Lehigh Valley is part of the Philadelphia market, the fourth-largest television market in the United States. WLVT has expanded its programming focus to the entire Philadelphia television market. It is carried by many cable providers in the area, including Comcast, Service Electric, RCN, Blue Ridge Cable, and others. WLVT-TV is also available throughout the region on Philadelphia's DirecTV and Dish Network feeds.

WLVT's market is one of the largest potential audiences in the country with 6.7 million people in eastern Pennsylvania, western and southern New Jersey, and northern and central Delaware. The station's frequently competes with Philadelphia's main PBS member station, WHYY-TV (channel 12), one of the most-watched PBS stations in the country. To a lesser extent, WLVT-TV also competes with NJ PBS's two outlets in the market, WNJT-TV and WNJS-TV.

21st century
In 2011, WLVT-TV moved from its longtime studio on Mountain Drive North to a new studio facility, PPL Public Media Center, on the south side of Bethlehem. The new facility is adjacent to the ArtsQuest complex on the SteelStacks Campus, previously home to Bethlehem Steel. The new station is equipped with two large studios, where local productions, including Focus (a local magazine show), You Bet Your Garden (formerly on WHYY-FM), Scholastic Scrimmage, Faces of Jazz, and Behind the Guitar, are filmed.

WLVT also broadcasts PBS and American Public Television distributed programming.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WLVT shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 39, on January 31, 2009. The station's digital signal relocated on its pre-transition UHF channel 62, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to its former analog-era UHF channel 39 for post-transition operations.

title: WLVT-TV


text:
Urey (crater)

Urey is a lunar impact crater located in the narrow niche of terrain between the western halves of the craters Rayleigh and Lyapunov. It lies near the east-northeastern limb of the Moon, and thus appears very foreshortened when viewed from the Earth.

The rim of Urey has outward bulges along the western and southeastern sides. There are no notable craters along the rim or inner wall. However, there are a few small craterlets on the interior floor, including a crater at the northern end of the central ridge. This range of low hills divides the floor in half, running north–south for a distance of about one third the crater diameter.

This crater was previously designated Rayleigh A, a satellite of Rayleigh, before being given its current name by the IAU.

title: Urey (crater)


text: Talk:Mount French (Queensland)

title: Talk:Mount French (Queensland)


text:
Talk:Mount Superbus

External links modified (February 2018)
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title: Talk:Mount Superbus


text:
Variable-gain amplifier

A variable-gain (VGA) or voltage-controlled amplifier (VCA) is an electronic amplifier that varies its gain depending on a control voltage (often abbreviated CV).

VCAs have many applications, including audio level compression, synthesizers and amplitude modulation.

A crude example is a typical inverting op-amp configuration with a light-dependent resistor (LDR) in the feedback loop. The gain of the amplifier then depends on the light falling on the LDR, which can be provided by an LED (an optocoupler). The gain of the amplifier is then controllable by the current through the LED. This is similar to the circuits used in optical audio compressors.

A voltage-controlled amplifier can be realised by first creating a voltage-controlled resistor (VCR), which is used to set the amplifier gain. The VCR is one of the numerous interesting circuit elements that can be produced by using a JFET (junction field-effect transistor) with simple biasing. VCRs manufactured in this way can be obtained as discrete devices, e.g. VCR2N.

Another type of circuit uses operational transconductance amplifiers.

In audio applications logarithmic gain control is used to emulate how the ear hears loudness. David E. Blackmer's dbx 202 VCA, based on the Blackmer gain cell, was among the first successful implementations of a logarithmic VCA.

Analog multipliers are a type of VCA designed to have accurate linear characteristics, the two inputs are identical and often work in all four voltage quadrants, unlike most other VCAs.

In sound mixing consoles
Some mixing consoles come equipped with VCAs in each channel for console automation. The fader, which traditionally controls the audio signal directly, becomes a DC control voltage for the VCA. The maximum voltage available to a fader can be controlled by one or more master faders called VCA groups. The VCA master fader then controls the overall level of all of the channels assigned to it. Typically VCA groups are used to control various parts of the mix; vocals, guitars, drums or percussion. The VCA master fader allows a portion of a mix to be raised or lowered without affecting the blend of the instruments in that part of the mix.

A benefit of VCA sub-group is that since it is directly affecting the gain level of each channel, changes to a VCA sub-group level affect not only the channel level but also all of the levels sent to any post-fader mixes. With traditional audio sub-groups, the sub-group master fader only affects the level going into the main mix and does not affect the level going into the post-fader mixes. Consider the case of an instrument feeding a sub-group and a post-fader mix. If you completely lower the sub-group master fader, you would no longer hear the instrument itself, but you would still hear it as part of the post-fader mix, perhaps a reverb or chorus effect.

VCA mixers are known to last longer than non-VCA mixers. Because the VCA controls the audio level instead of the physical fader, decay of the fader mechanism over time does not cause a degradation in audio quality.

VCAs were invented by David E. Blackmer, the founder of dbx, who used them to make dynamic range compressors. The first console using VCAs was the Allison Research computer-automated recording system designed by Paul C. Buff in 1973. Another early VCA capability on a sound mixer was the series of MCI JH500 studio recording desks introduced in 1975. The first VCA mixer for live sound was the PM3000 introduced by Yamaha in 1985.

Digital variable-gain amplifier
A digitally controlled amplifier (DCA) is a variable-gain amplifier that is digitally controlled.

The digitally controlled amplifier uses a stepped approach giving the circuit graduated increments of gain selection. This can be done in several fashions, but certain elements remain in any design.

At its most basic form, a toggle switch strapped across the feedback resistor can provide two discrete gain settings. While this is not a computer-controlled function, it describes the core function. With eight switches and eight resistors in the feedback loop, each switch can enable a particular resistor to control the amplifier's feedback. If each switch was converted to a relay, a microcontroller could be used to activate the relays to attain the desired amount of gain.

Relays can be replaced with Field Effect Transistors of an appropriate type to reduce the mechanical nature of the design. Other devices such as the CD4053 bi-directional CMOS analog multiplexer integrated circuit and digital potentiometers (combined resistor string and MUXes) can serve well as the switching function.

To minimize the number of switches and resistors, combinations of resistance values can be utilized by activating multiple switches.

title: Variable-gain amplifier


text:
Talk:Gai-i

Move?
If this has been officially renamed, should it move to Gawula

 * I think so Reubot (talk) 06:03, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gai-i


text:
Talk:Mount Ossa (Tasmania)

unsigned message
View of Mount Ossa from Pelion Plain with snow cover is SOUTH - not north!

Pelion Plain is due NORTH of Mount Ossa - so view must be south!

Caption should read "View south to Mount Ossa from Pelion Plain"

style
Please note that some editors might have one look at some of the terminology used here and do a copyedit a la flamethrower.(ok so I am exaggerating - maybe a few words changed, but) Probably a visit to WP:Style will save any later agony... SatuSuro 13:25, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Height
I've reverted the change to the height - Many places on the web seem to indicate that the height is 1617 m, however the official topographic map gives the height at 1614 m. I think that this is the most authoritive source available. --Ozhiker 10:25, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

Greek legends?
There is a need for some verification of that claim - otherwise it needs to be reverted SatuSuro 13:19, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Beefart Says: Tasmania is full of Greek names. Please don't revert. Some Wikignome will find the citations. Captainbeefart 16:21, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Some examples of the Greek names around Mount Ossa are: The Acropolis, The Labyrinth, Mount Olympus, Mount Pelion East & West, Pelion Gap, Pelion Plains, Cynthia bay, Narcissus hut, The Minotaur. There are also many names in the Walls of Jerusalem national park which are somewhat related ancient Greece (e.g. Herod's Gate). I'll look for some appropriate citations when I get a chance. --Ozhiker 22:42, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

 * There is absolutely no need for a citation about many Tasmanian places being named after Greek mythology, as it is patently obvious. It's like asking for a citation for stating that "trees have leaves". The "citation needed" link needs to be removed at once.--Vardamir 30 (talk)I —Preceding undated comment added 08:48, 25 April 2011 (UTC).

title: Talk:Mount Ossa (Tasmania)


text:
Talk:Spicers Peak

Coordinate error
The location of Spicer's Peak is incorrect.

It should be: -28.099428, 152.408094

—122.104.142.170 (talk) 09:45, 29 July 2018 (UTC)
 * ✅. Thanks for pointing out the error. Deor (talk) 15:05, 29 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spicers Peak


text:
Nikolay Rumyantsev

Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev (Никола́й Петро́вич Румя́нцев; 3 April 1754 – 3 January 1826), born in Saint Petersburg, was Russia's Foreign Minister and Chancellor of the Russian Empire in the run-up to Napoleon's invasion of Russia (1808–12). He was the son of Field Marshal Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky from the Rumyantsev comital family.

Background
Rumyantsev and his brother were provided with basic education at home. Their mentor was Friedrich Melchior, Baron von Grimm. In 1774 they went to Leiden University where they studied history, law and language.

Official career
Rumyantsev was the first envoy of Russia to the Holy Roman Empire after Russia became a guarantor of the imperial constitution through the Treaty of Teschen (1779). He arrived in 1782 accredited as ambassador to the Electoral Rhenish Circle, Upper Rhenish Circle, Swabian Circle, Franconian Circle, Electorate of Mainz, Electorate of Cologne, Palatine Zweibrücken, Duchy of Württemberg, Margraviate of Baden and Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel. Although he acted as the representative of Russia as guarantor of the peace, he was considered by Germans to be a partisan of Austria.

During the first years of the 19th century, Rumyantsev was very influential with Alexander I and his mother Maria Fyodorovna, serving as Minister of Commerce (1802–1811) and President of the State Council (1810–1812).

As Foreign Minister (appointed 1808), he advocated a closer alliance with France. Represented Russia at the Treaty of Fredrikshamn. On receiving the news of Napoleon's invasion of Russia (1812), he suffered a stroke and lost his hearing. When Napoleon entered Moscow, he advised the Emperor to dismiss Kutuzov and to seek peace at any cost. Eventually Alexander lost all confidence in Nikolay Petrovich, who retired in 1814 just before the Congress of Vienna.

Nicholas Rumyantsev died on 3 January 1826 in his neo-Palladian palace on English Quay in St Petersburg. His statue stands in front of the Gomel Palace in Belarus.

Scholarly pursuits

During the years of his foreign service, Nikolay Petrovich amassed a huge collection of historical documents, rare coins, maps, manuscripts, and incunabula which formed a nucleus of the Rumyantsev Museum in Moscow (subsequently transformed into the State Russian Library). Showing a keen interest in Russian history, Rumyantsev produced the first printed publications of several old Russian chronicles and ancient literary monuments of the Eastern Slavs. He presided over a circle of young antiquaries (such as Pavel Stroev and Ivan Snegirev) that later drifted into the Slavophile camp.

Rumyantsev also became a notable patron of the Russian voyages of exploration. He sponsored the first Russian circumnavigation of the globe. He also funded the Rurik expedition led by Otto von Kotzebue. As a result, his name came to be attached to such exotic things as: In 1811 he commissioned sculptor Canova to create a statue of peace in recognition of the peacemaking efforts of his family.
 * Spiranthes romanzoffiana, a North American orchid
 * Papilio rumanzovia, a large butterfly from the Philippines
 * Syagrus romanzoffiana, the Queen or Coco Palm tree of South America
 * Romanzoffia, a genus of flowering plants in the waterleaf family from North America
 * Romanzovite, another name for grossular, a type of garnet stone
 * between 1812 and 1842 the Russian name (залив Румянцева) for present day Bodega Bay, California
 * the Romanzof Mountains in Alaska and Yukon territory
 * Cape Romanzof in Alaska, itself giving its name to Cape Romanzof LRRS Airport
 * Romanzov Island, now called Tikei
 * Romanzoff Bay, in La Pérouse Strait

title: Nikolay Rumyantsev


text: Talk:Mount Steamer

title: Talk:Mount Steamer


text:
Talk:Mount Warning

geology
The national parks tourist information is not accurate. Having the geology, volcanology history of Mount Warning from this brochure is bad use of resources. Wiki contributors should be citing scientific information for scientific matters. 1. we will never know if there was actually a caldera on Mount Warning. 2. mount warning was not uplifted after the eruption. 3. the mount warning complex is different mineralogically and in age to the "volcanic remnants" that make up the nearby ranges. I recommend looking a the book (compiled by 59 Geologists) Intraplate Volcanism in Eastern Australia and New Zealand (for which I don't currently have a copy). maybe just site the blog www.nrgeology.blogspot.com.au for the time being... although it is a blog it has much more scientific background than a tourist leaflet. Yendor of yinn (talk) 05:27, 2 June 2012 (UTC)
 * If you can find a more reliable source for the geological origin of the mountain than I suggest you get your hands on it to support your claims and improve this article. I will do the same. - Shiftchange (talk) 06:21, 2 June 2012 (UTC)
 * On page 292 of The History of Geoconservation by P.J Boylan, published by the Geological Society in 2008, it states that the Border Ranges and Mount Warning are part of a major erosion caldera. The book you mentioned is also partially available via Google Books. I have used it to support the original height statement.  It gets too complex and detailed with geological terms for me to use it any further. Also I created Galilee Basin this morning.  Since you may have some geological knowledge could you please review it? - Shiftchange (talk) 06:55, 2 June 2012 (UTC)
 * sorry shiftchange, it took me ages to get back here. The term caldera is definitely incorrect, the term erosion caldera is not a term in common scientific use but has certainly been entrenched when referring to the Tweed Valley around mount Warning. I have managed to order the book I mentioned and I also now have access to a thesis which is quite informative... I'm actually a bit worried about starting to re-write the wiki article since so much needs to be modified. I'll get the courage to do this in the next month or two I think.
 * as far as the galilee basin goes... I'm afraid I don't know anything about it. I'm only familiar with the north east of NSW and South East of Queensland. But I'll have a look. Yendor of yinn (talk) 07:25, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
 * just an update to let you know I've not made any changes to the article. I look at it with trepidation! I'm not sure I'm an experienced enough editor to make the changes required. Maybe, I'll get the heart up to do it eventually... unless someone else can beat me to it Yendor of yinn (talk) 00:26, 14 January 2013 (UTC)

Meaning of "Wollumbin"
Does "Wolumbin" mean "Cloudcatcher" or "fighting chief of the mountains" or Both? I always thought it was Cloud Catcher like wikipedia says yet I have just come across several sites that claim it means "fighting chief of the mountains". Thanx —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Rudraksha (talk • contribs) 6 Oct 2005.

 * "cloudcatcher" seems to be the more commonly-attested, but none of the sources I've briefly looked into are particularly authorative. Perhaps both should be mentioned, without ascribing any certainty to one version over another, until some better source can be found.--cjllw | TALK  06:43, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Mt. Warning comes up as Mt. Waning .....
when you search for the word waning, I think it is just a typo. --Cmjtoner 18:19, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

Suspect info
On 2007-10-18, some suspect info was added to the article by an anonymous user. Is there anything to back up the changes? I did a few quick google searches and only came up with mirrors of wikipedia (I know this is not an absolute test, but it is an indicator). --James (talk) 08:09, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

WP:LEAD
Does all this really belong in the lead? ''James Bray was appointed Enumerator of the Census of 1871 collecting data over an extensive area which stretched southward to Brunswick Heads, north to the border, east to the coast and west as far as settlement – it is this census which holds the original figures of the Aboriginal Protections Board - four collectors were appointed by James Bray to work the allotted areas. Three of whom were James Rowland [step brother of Joshua and James Bray], and Arthur and Louis Nixon – both brothers in law of Joshua Bray. James Bray fixed on march 27 1871 a the commencement date of their duties. It is this census that is the precursor to the creation of Aboriginal missions to the west of the converted Tweed Volcano and the dispossession of the Wollumbin tribe from their ancestral home Wollumbin Volcano'' I think this doesn't even really need to be in the article, let alone the lead. I would suggest changing it to The Census of 1871 was a precursor to the creation of Aboriginal missions to the west of the converted Tweed Volcano and the dispossession of the Wollumbin tribe from their ancestral home Wollumbin Volcano. Comments? DigitalC (talk) 06:25, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

Less edit warring please
To restore a little balance to the article it needs more citations for claims regarding aboriginal significance and more information on geological and other aspects of the mountain such as climbing it. The article doesn't need edits which are likely to cause dispute or more information about aboriginal significance and early settlement, unless it is backed up with reliable sources. Let's do this, so we can all move on, because really this article of low importance is not controversial. - Shiftchange (talk) 02:04, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

We would appreciate your assistance to alter the false information on Wikipedia about Mt Warning. The name Wollumbin was stolen from my families Mountain and applied to Mt Warning as a false Dual name.

We have the anthropological studies from the Elders, 50 year old tapes, the 1977 NSW NPWS anthro study and the false transcripts used by national parks, dictionaries from the language speaking elders and hundreds of supporting documents, but cannot upload them to wiki and I am new to wiki. Apologies that references were not included but I am unsure how to include reference links. Professor Sharpes dictionary has the correct name for Mt Warning (Wulambiny) and is on the net. NSW Geo names board site shows that the name Wollumbin was stolen from Mt Wollumbin in 2005. We have the minutes from NSW GEO names board meetings where lie after lie was told to the board. The Elders are furious at this false info on Wikipedia.

wollumbinmountain —Preceding unsigned comment added by wollumbinmountain (talk • contribs) 04:22, 10 May 2009 (UTC) (Wollumbinmountain (talk) 04:35, 10 May 2009 (UTC))

Wrong Wollumbin. Mt Warning is Wulambiny
We would appreciate your assistance to alter the false information on Wikipedia about Mt Warning. The name Wollumbin was stolen from my families Mountain and applied to Mt Warning as a false Dual name.

We have the anthropological studies from the Elders, 50 year old tapes, the 1977 NSW NPWS anthro study and the false transcripts used by national parks, dictionaries from the language speaking elders and hundreds of supporting documents, but cannot upload them to wiki and I am new to wiki. Apologies that references were not included but I am unsure how to include reference links. Professor Sharpes dictionary has the correct name for Mt Warning (Wulambiny) and is on the net. NSW Geo names board site shows that the name Wollumbin was stolen from Mt Wollumbin in 2005. We have the minutes from NSW GEO names board meetings where lie after lie was told to the board. The Elders are furious at this false info on Wikipedia.

Wollumbinmountain —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wollumbinmountain (talk • contribs) 04:22, 10 May 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wollumbinmountain (talk • contribs)
 * I've found a news story that Wollumbin was gazetted to Mount Warning but thats all I've found. NSW DECC calls the Mountain Mount Warning (Wollumbin) Bidgee (talk) 09:51, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I had a look at Geoscience Australia and found different coordinates for Mount Warning and Mount Wollumbin putting Wollumbin about 5.2km to the northeast of Mount Warning. There is a declared error of up to 1.8km in the coordinates, but both locations are due north of nearby peaks. It's interesting to note that Wollumbin Creek is a lot closer to Mount Warning than it is to Mount Wollumbin. --AussieLegend (talk) 11:27, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Adding to the above, the December 2008 issue of the "Placenames Australia" newsletter identifies Mt Warning as Wulambiny, as do a few other references. Unfortunately they don't qualify as reliable sources. --AussieLegend (talk) 11:38, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Geographical Names Board of New South Wales search shows Wollumbin, Mt Wollumbin and Mount Warning. I suggest that User:Wollumbinmountain take their issue to the GNB or someone within the NSW Government rather then here. Bidgee (talk) 12:04, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I have a map showing Mount Wollumbin (585 m) a few kilometres to the north east of Mount Warning. Would this be a reliable source to support the fact that Mount Warning is not Mount Wollumbin? - Shiftchange (talk) 07:49, 27 July 2009 (UTC)

Wrong Wollumbin. Mt Warning is Wulambiny 2
Thank you AussieLegend and Bidgee for confirming that Geoscience Australia and NSW Geographical Names Board show Mt Warning is not Wollumbin.

Searching "Wulambiny" in Google Books reveals Linguistics Professor Margaret C Sharpe "Dictionary of Yugambeh (including Neighbouring Dialects)" published by Pacific Linguistics in 1998. ISBN 0858834804. Official information.

Professors Brian and Helen Geytenbeek lived with the Elders at Muli Muli from 1961 to 1967. They confirm Wulambiny is the name for Mt Warning.

We have the tapes from NSW NPWS Anthropologist Howard Creamer, who studied The Keeper of Lore, elder Millie Boyd in 1977. She described Mt Warning as Wulambiny Momoli (Turkey Nest). Mt Warning is the silhouette of a Scrub Turkey, separate to Wollumbin, the Fighting Chief, place of death.

My Great Great Grandparents are buried with their friends King Wollumbin Johny and his Queen Ellen, in the Wollumbin clans ancestral burial grounds, 3 ranges and 3 valleys away from Mt Warning.

Elder Millie Boyds son is sitting next to me as I write. My Great Grandfather was named Wollumbin Gum Jimmy by his Aboriginal friends. Gum means crossing, as in Byangum, Tyalgum, Tumbulgum etc. Wollumbin crossing is 3 valleys and 2 mountain ranges away from Mt Warning.

Incompetent researchers did not bother to consult NSW state maps, pioneering families from the mountains, or the Elders when they wrote false local history books claiming Mt Warning is Wollumbin Fighting Chief. Mt Warning has never been a part of Wollumbin parish, and our Mountain was mapped and Gazetted Mt Wollumbin in 1974.

They followed the false white myth that a face can be seen in Mt Warning. As you have confirmed AussieLegend, the official Geoscience Australia site shows my fathers mountain is Wollumbin and Mt Warning is not. Wikipedia Wollumbin info is false.

NSW lands department Maps also show the first village of Murwillumbah, 8 kilometers from where Murwillumbah is today. Murwillumbah moved in the early 1870s. Murwillumbah is New Murwillumbah.

Google murbah then go into History section to find some supporting documents and maps.

(Wollumbinmountain (talk) 06:56, 12 May 2009 (UTC))

Dear Wollumbinmountain, I have left a message on your user page offering to assist amend article, and particularly details of it's alternative names. I see you have given reference above .. which I will follow up later this evening .. and possibly adjust article to suit. Cheers Bruceanthro (talk) 07:58, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

Wrong Wollumbin. Mt Warning is Wulambiny 3
So we have established that the official placenames registry of Australia confirms my families property is Wollumbin and Mt Warning is Mt Warning.

The countries top Linguistics Professors who worked with the language speaking Elders half a century ago said Mt Warning is Wulambiny.

Forgot to add that prominent pioneer Joshua Bray, first magistrate, my Great Grandfathers friend, (and my relative) who wrote numerous articles for Science of Man about the Tweed Aborigines, in his 1860s letters, while climbing Mt Warning called it Walumban and concurrently wrote about Wollumbin. (Mitchell Library Bray Files).

Remarkable that the Elders and Pioneer documents both record a linguistic distinction between the two Mountains and names.

I teach the countries top Professors about my families and Mountains history, as do the Elders who state the same.

This site does not even mention that Mt Warning was the Djurebil (increase site) for Scrub Turkey, the fact is recorded in many books, on the sign at Mt Warning, quite happy to include ISBN and titles of each publication.

Mt Warning is the silhouette of a Scrub Turkey. Its name was Wulambiny Momoli. Momoli means nest in Ngarakwal dialect, The Caldera.

Wollumbin means Fighting Chief, place of Death and is the Mountains North of Mt Warning.(Source, NSW NPWS Sites of Significance Anthropological Study by Howard Creamer and Elder Millie Boyd, The Keeper of Lore. 1977 Aiatsis Aboriginal Library Canberra.)NSW State Maps, Pioneering Families from the Mountains, living and dead Elders records, Linguistic and Anthropology and Ethnology Professors.

If you would like to be bombarded with documents supporting the fact that Wikipedias Wollumbin info is false, provide your email.

Wikipedia is also providing false information on many pages, claiming there was a Bundjalung nation when the Githabul were recognised as the Traditional Owners of Ten% of the State of NSW in 2007. Githabul are not Bundjalung. Tindale and other researchers showed the Badjalang between the Clarence and Richmond Rivers. Nowhere near the Tweed or Mt Warning.

Would appreciate the assistance of experienced Wikipedia Editors as I do not know how to insert pictures, generate reference links etc.

(Wollumbinmountain (talk) 14:30, 12 May 2009 (UTC))

 * Just a small hint, you don't need to create a new, identically named section each time you post. It's going to get really confusing if we end up with several sections, all titled "Wrong Wollumbin. Mt Warning is Wulambiny". --AussieLegend (talk) 14:36, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

Wollumbin is not Mt Warning
Thanks AussieLegend. Remember I'm a newb.

(Wollumbinmountain (talk) 14:48, 12 May 2009 (UTC))

Here is the 1977 NSW NPWS Sites of Significance study by Anthropologist Howard Creamer and the Keeper of Lore Elder Millie Boyd, describing the real name for Mt Warning (Wulambiny Momoli) and its Aboriginal significance (Turkey Nest). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxWFuQAIbcE Wollumbin is the Fighting Chief, Place of Death and Dying, North of Mt Warning. Professor Margaret Sharpes Yugambeh Dictionary confirms Wulambiny as the name for Mt Warning.

Wollumbinmountain (talk) 01:53, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Problem is you have uploaded the video on YouTube so it's original research and YouTube isn't a reliable source therefore you can't add the content without a reliable source. Bidgee (talk) 01:56, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

it should be noted
This is the same mountain that is mentioned in the animated movie, Fern Gully. Yep, that is definitely accurate. 70.247.252.194 (talk) 19:09, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

Facts refuting false Wollumbin Wiki page
The 2007 Githabul Federal Native Title Determination which cut the Bundjalung Nation apart can be viewed here. http://www.nntt.gov.au/Publications-And-Research/Publications/Documents/Multimedia%20and%20determination%20brochures/Determination%20brochure%20Githabul%20people%20November%202007.pdf

Linguistics Professor Margaret C Sharpe "Dictionary of Yugambeh (including Neighbouring Dialects)" published by Pacific Linguistics in 1998. ISBN 0858834804 states Mt Warning is Wulambiny.

Our land, our spirit : Aboriginal sites of North Coast New South Wales / by Jolanda Nayutah and Gail Finlay : North Coast Institute for Aboriginal Community Education, 1988. ISBN 0909210381 states Mt Warning is the Turkey.

Mount Warning was never a part of Wollumbin Parish, the Mountain to the Northeast of Mount Warning was mapped and gazetted Mt Wollumbin in 1972. (NSW maps) Wollumbinmountain (talk) 10:04, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Having looking up the ISBN they are reliable as they do exist but the main issue it they should be used for citing as a source (See Citing sources/Example edits for different methods on how to do this) with content in your own words in a neutral point of view and must be about what is said/contained in the cited source. Also the naming issue should be in a new section under say "Controversy". Bidgee (talk) 10:12, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

It is more than just the name. It is also the false white myth lore that Mt Warning is Wollumbin Fighting Chief, and the Genocidal false Bundjalung statement.

The Controversy section will cover these topics.Wollumbinmountain (talk) 11:18, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

False Bundjalung Nation is Frasers Fabrication
Have found John Frasers' 1892 fabrication of Paikal-Yung in "The Aborigines of New South Wales" which researcher Norman Tindale twisted into Badjalang which then became Bundjalung.

Fraser states "The names Paikalyung (etc) I have made". This link is Frasers' 1892 book.

http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K9Ix39XVANAC&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=fraser+minyung&source=bl&ots=ADtH2GXbCo&sig=wh8tpCgV7rqcISVobP7uPyZjaRo&hl=en&ei=l8l4S6m9NInEsQOwt628Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=&f=false

Tindale stated (paidjal = badjal = man) but did not include the crucial facts about Frasers fabrication.

There was no Bundjalung Tribe, People, Nation, Language or Dialect Chain.

This link is Tindales book.http://www.samuseum.australia.sa.com/tindaletribes/badjalang.htm

Will add the controversy section including this incredible information that totally refutes Bundjalung. Wollumbinmountain (talk) 11:34, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

Recent removal
I see no reason that a recent temporary closure of the track be removed from this article. Its pertinent because its a tourist attraction but more importantly because the track is the primary way to access the mountain. - Shiftchange (talk) 15:02, 5 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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Wrong Wollumbin, fake Bundjalung Nation, controversy section.
Twelve years ago the Controversy section was to be added to this page, about time that it was as Bundjalung is just what white linguists called the language, Yugambeh in QLD, all the money has been wasted for two fake Nations in the one language group. Wollumbin was taken as the heritage and name of my family's peak and applied as a fake dual name to Mt Warning. The error in the NSW National Parks sites of significance study where the Keeper of Lore stated Wulambiny Momoli as the naame for Mt Warning and Wollumbin the Warrior as the place of death and burial has made all subsequent studies false. Germaine Greer wrote about these scandals in her book "White Beech" and i have run for Tweed Shire Council elections three times to expose the scandals of fake Wollumbin, Arakwal and Bundjalung National Parks and that all the money in Aboriginal Affairs and Native Title has been wasted on fake Nations, white mans fabnrications. Wollumbinmountain (talk) 21:59, 14 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mount Warning


text:
Talk:Ngarutjaranya

Template
About prominence: see the Wikipedia article. As I don't have a map of the area (and as it is the highest mountain in South Australia I'd need a big map), I don't know what it is. Could someone check? John Wormell (talk) 07:34, 13 January 2008 (UTC) Edited again John Wormell (talk) I don't know if it helps, but the Mullighan Inquiry into Sexual Abuse in the APY Lands features in its last Appendix a map of the area. The Musgrave Ranges are there depicted, but not Mt Woodroffe specifically. Still, it shows the ranges are significant in the hundreds of kms relative to that part of South Australia Wanderer (talk) 03:28, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070810222243/http://www.science.org.au/academy/memoirs/hogg.htm to http://www.science.org.au/academy/memoirs/hogg.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040725092052/http://waru.org/resources/permits.php to http://www.waru.org/resources/permits.php

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title: Talk:Ngarutjaranya


text:
Siiri Oviir

Siiri Oviir (born 3 November 1947) is an Estonian politician and Member of the European Parliament.

Oviir was born in Tallinn. As an MEP, she belonged to the Estonian Centre Party until she decided to leave on 9 April 2012.

Oviir is married to civil servant Mihkel Oviir. Her daughter is politician Liisa Oviir.

title: Siiri Oviir


text:
WFMZ-TV

WFMZ-TV (channel 69) is an independent television station in Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States. Locally-based Maranatha Broadcasting Company owns both WFMZ-TV and Wilmington, Delaware–licensed MeTV affiliate WDPN-TV. The two stations share studios on East Rock Road on South Mountain in Allentown, where WFMZ-TV's transmitter is located. WFMZ-TV also maintains a secondary studio in the PPL Center sports arena in Center City Allentown and a newsroom on Court Street in Reading.

Broadcast area
WFMZ mainly serves the Lehigh Valley region (including Warren County, New Jersey in the New York City market) and Berks County. Because the Lehigh Valley is part of the Philadelphia television market, it also has significant cable reach into much of the Philadelphia area, including Trenton. The station's over-the-air signal reaches some counties in northwestern New Jersey that are part of the New York City market and is carried on some New York City-area cable networks.

Channel 67
Prior to the debut of channel 69, an earlier television station that held the WFMZ-TV call sign and was based in Allentown operated on UHF channel 67 from December 1954 until April 1955. Like the current WFMZ-TV, it was co-owned with WFMZ radio (100.7 MHz). The radio station was sold twice in the 21-year gap between the two television stations.

Channel 69
In February 1975, WFMZ reapplied for a television station license with channel 69 having been substituted for channel 67 in Allentown. The application was approved on December 9, 1975. Studios and a transmitter were co-sited with WFMZ radio. The channel 69 transmitter and much of the equipment came from the short-lived WHFV in Fredericksburg, Virginia, which had ended operations in May 1975.

WFMZ-TV made its debut on November 25, 1976. Its programming consisted primarily of family-oriented entertainment shows, operating 13 hours a day. The FM radio station remained co-owned until it was sold in 1997.

In the 1990s, WFMZ began running fewer religious shows and more sitcoms, talk shows and reality shows. The station's news division, 69 News, also gradually expanded. By 2000, the station was running three hours of local Lehigh Valley news a day and a mix of comedy shows and talk, reality television, and court show programming. The station presently airs about six hours a day of news in addition to talk and reality shows.

News
In 1976, the station's news department debuted with two daily newscasts at 7 and 10 p.m. daily. The news programs were later branded as Channel 69 News in the late 1980s and the station's news division was expanded. In 1989, WFMZ added a 5 p.m. newscast and the 7 p.m. news show was moved up to 6 p.m.

In 1995, WFMZ expanded its news service geographically with the debut of its Berks Edition newscast at 5:30 p.m. In 1998, this program was expanded to include a 10:30 p.m. news broadcast. Both Berks Edition newscasts were established in response to a perception that the Allentown area was being covered more extensively than the Reading area by Philadelphia news stations. WFMZ originally used a small newsroom at the Reading Eagle newspaper for these broadcasts.

Beginning in 1997, WFMZ began experiencing significantly enhanced ratings for its news coverage of the Lehigh Valley. In the late 1990s, the station also launched its first Lehigh Valley-focused morning and noon news programs.

In 2003, the region's first Spanish language newscast, 69 News en Español, debuted to serve the growing Hispanic community in the Lehigh Valley and Berks County areas.

In 2005, WFMZ formed a broadcast partnership with WPVI-TV (channel 6), Philadelphia's ABC owned-and-operated station. The partnership permitted the two stations to cooperate in news gathering for local stories. In November 2017, WFMZ launched newly formatted and expanded newscasts. In May 2008, WFMZ became the fourth television station in the Philadelphia media market to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition.

In October 2014, WFMZ added an hour-long newscast at 4 p.m., making it the third station in the Philadelphia market (after WCAU and WPVI-TV) to broadcast local news in the 4 p.m. timeslot. In February 2015, WFMZ debuted its new street-level studio inside the PPL Center sports arena in Center City Allentown. The station broadcasts its noon news program from its PPL Center studio.

On September 25, 2023, WFMZ debuted a new 30-minute long 8pm newscast. Previously, there was a gap in news coverage from 6:30 p.m. until the 10 p.m. newscast.

Non-news programming
WFMZ produces local programs about business, sports and health-related topics, including:
 * The American Law Journal is a call-in show that debuted in 1990, hosted by attorney Christopher Naughton, who is joined by various attorneys to answer questions about legal topics.
 * Animal Doctor is hosted by 6pm weather anchor Kathy Craine and features Lehigh Valley veterinarians discussing pet-related topics.
 * The Big Ticket covers Lehigh Valley high school football highlights and airs every Friday at 11pm in place of the Spanish-language Edición en Español newscast, which airs at 6:30pm on WFMZ-DT4 during the high school football season. The show debuted in 1995 and is hosted by Jim Vaughn and Dan Moscaritolo with reports from WFMZ sports reporter Dave Lesko.
 * Business Matters is a discussion program, hosted by Tony Iannelli, that features a panel of experts discussing various business issues.
 * The Freddy Awards, modeled after the Tony Awards ceremony, debuted on WFMZ in 2003 and features a panel of evaluators who view and judge Lehigh Valley high school musical productions. The best of these high school productions are recognized in an annual ceremony broadcast live on WFMZ. Ed Hanna and Shelley Brown host the ceremony from the State Theatre in Easton.
 * Lehigh Sports Magazine is a sports program on Lehigh University sports that debuted in 1994 and airs during the fall. It is hosted by Jim Vaughn and features interviews with Lehigh University coaches and players.
 * Talk With Your Doctor is a call-in show featuring health-related issues. The show is hosted by Doug Eberhart, who is joined by a panel of physicians from St. Luke's University Health Network.
 * The Peak features new medical innovations, nutritious recipes and related events. The show debuted September 30, 2012, and is hosted by Ashley Russo and Mike Mittman.
 * WFMZ Documentary Unit is a partnership between WFMZ and Julian Farris Films to create documentaries on local Lehigh Valley events and people. The documentary unit has won Emmy nominations for several of its documentaries, including Boscov: An American Story, Time Bomb: Allentown Gas Explosion, and Aftershocks: Earthquake in Haiti. The documentary unit is headed up by 69 News reporter Jaccii Farris and includes WFMZ executive producer Amy Unger, both of whom also maintain affiliations with Julian Farris Films.

Subchannels
WFMZ offers three subchannels on a multiplex shared with WBPH-TV, WLVT-TV, and WPPT. One is the 69 News Weather Channel, a continuous loop of regional weather information, traffic cameras, and news headlines. 69 News Weather Channel launched February 5, 2001, and is the first such multicast service in the United States; unlike other AccuWeather affiliates, who generally used the Local AccuWeather Channel service that mixed nationally-oriented segments produced by AccuWeather with local content, WFMZ's service has always been entirely local. Another subchannel offers a simulcast of WDPN-TV's MeTV channel.

Translators
The WBPH-WFMZ-WLVT-WPPT multiplex is broadcast on two digital replacement translators that improve reception in areas to the south of Allentown, including Philadelphia:

A third digital replacement translator for WFMZ-TV on UHF channel 24 in Allentown, as well as separately licensed translator W24CS-D in Reading, offer a different mix of channels with two additional subchannels from WDPN-TV, but none from WBPH, WLVT, or WPPT.

In 2009, WFMZ began carrying Retro TV as a WFMZ subchannel. On January 24, 2014, however, MeTV announced that it would move its Philadelphia-market affiliation from WFMZ-TV's 69.3 subchannel to KJWP (channel 2, now WDPN-TV), which has carried MeTV programming in addition to the WFMZ subchannel since November 2013. In April 2014, Atlanta-based Tuff TV officially replaced MeTV on the 69.3 subchannel; in December 2014, the signal began carrying the Heroes & Icons network feed. On October 1, 2019, WFMZ re-added MeTV as a simulcast of WDPN-TV on the 69.3 subchannel; H&I is still seen in the market on WDPN's fourth subchannel.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WFMZ-TV shut down its analog signal over UHF channel 69 on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal regulations. WFMZ's digital signal continued broadcasting its pre-transition UHF channel 46, using virtual channel 69.

WFMZ's standalone signal was sold in the 2016 broadcast incentive auction. It entered into a channel-sharing agreement with WBPH-TV. To relieve any congestion related to the channel sharing, some of WFMZ's subchannels moved to KJWP, which WFMZ purchased in a separate transaction with the proceeds from the spectrum sale.

Out-of-market cable carriage
In New Jersey, WFMZ is carried on basic cable in Phillipsburg and Milford, which are both part of the New York City media market. WFMZ is carried on cable providers in Schuylkill County, including Tamaqua, Pottsville, and the surrounding areas of Carbon County, Monroe County, and Luzerne County, each of which is located in the Scranton–Wilkes-Barre media market. In northwestern New Jersey, WFMZ is also available on digital cable on Xfinity's Port Murray system alongside Philadelphia stations KYW-TV, WTXF-TV, and WCAU.

title: WFMZ-TV


text:
Cornelia Hancock

Cornelia Hancock (February 8, 1840 – December 31, 1927) was a celebrated volunteer nurse, serving the injured and infirmed of the Union Army during the American Civil War. Hancock's service lasted from July 6, 1863 to May 23, 1865.

Early life
Hancock was born in Hancock's Bridge, New Jersey, to Quakers of old colonial ancestry. The youngest of four children, Hancock was educated "in the Salem (county) academies." Her sister Ellen worked at the United States Mint in Philadelphia. Her only brother and her cousins joined the Union Army in 1862.

Civil War service
Hancock's chance to serve came when her brother-in-law (Ellen's husband) Henry T. Child, a volunteer surgeon, offered to take her to the Gettysburg battlefield in July 1863.

However, Dorothea Dix, the superintendent of Union Army nurses, personally refused to enroll Hancock because she did not meet her requirements that the military's female nurses be "mature in years (at least 30), plain almost to homeliness in dress, and by no means liberally endowed with personal attractions.” In other words: at only 23, Hancock was too young and attractive to be an army nurse. Hancock was the only female nursing volunteer to be rejected.

Hancock went to Gettysburg anyway. "I got into Gettysburg the night of July sixth – where the need was so great that there was no further cavil about age,” she wrote in her journal. In a letter to her sister dated July 8, 1863, Hancock wrote, "We have been two days on the field; go about eight and come in about six—go in ambulances of army buggies...I feel assured I shall never feel horrifed at anything that may happen to me here-after." Hancock responded to an immense need: the Union lacked supplies as well as staff.

She had no formal training as a nurse; but after three weeks, she was tending to eight tenths of wounded. In October she tended to the large numbers of hungry and injured escaped slaves who were arriving in Washington, D.C. On February 10, 1864, Hancock joined the II Corps and served with them at the II Corps Hospital near Brandy Station, Virginia, at the Battle of the Wilderness and the Siege of Petersburg. She worked in the II Corps hospital at the Depot Field Hospital in City Point.

Post-War
After the war, she opened a school for African Americans in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. In Philadelphia, she founded several charity organizations. She was a board member of the Children's Aid Society 1883 to 1895 and helped children orphaned after the Johnstown Flood. She also served as president of the National Association of Army Nurses of the Civil War.

In 1914, Hancock retired to Atlantic City to live with her niece. She died of nephritis in 1927, aged 87, and her ashes were buried at Cedar Hills Friends Cemetery in Harmersville (now Salem), New Jersey.

Legacy
Her popular collection of wartime letters is no longer in print.

A commemorative flagstone was placed in her honor at the Lower Alloways Creek Friends Meeting House.

title: Cornelia Hancock


text:
Toomas Savi

Toomas Savi (born 30 December 1942 in Tartu, Estonia) is an Estonian politician and in 2004-2009 was a Member of the European Parliament for the Estonian Reform Party, part of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party.

Career
Toomas Savi is a doctor by profession. He graduated in medicine from University of Tartu in 1970, getting a medical degree in sports physiology in 1975. Over the years he has worked both as a practising doctor and a researcher. From 1979 to 1993, Toomas Savi was a Chief Medical Officer at Tartu Physical Culture Medical Centre. He has practiced in Kuopio University Central Hospital and Kajaani Central Hospital, Finland.

His political activities started in the end 1980s. 1989 to 2000 he served several terms as a member of Tartu City Council. From 1993 to 1995 Toomas Savi was a Vice Mayor of Tartu. 1994 he became a member of the Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond). 1995 he was elected to the Estonian Parliament, Riigikogu, where he served two terms as Speaker from March 1995 to March 2003. From 2003 to 2004 he was Deputy Speaker of Riigikogu and an observer in the European Parliament.

He was elected to the European Parliament in spring 2004, becoming the only representative of his party in that assembly. In the European Parliament he is a member of the Committee on Development and the Vice-Chairman of Delegation for relations with Canada.

As a sports doctor and an avid sportsman he was a founding member in 1989 and since 2008, the Vice President of the Estonian Olympic Committee. Since 1999, he has been also the President of the Estonian Skiing Association.

Personal
He is married to Kirsti Savi.

title: Toomas Savi


text:
Talk:Acotango

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title: Talk:Acotango


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Talk:Michincha

Minchincha or Michincha?
What is the correct name for this mountain? Maybe both, but I haven't the answer. Jespinos 01:31, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michincha


text: Talk:Cerro Columa

title: Talk:Cerro Columa


text:
Talk:Irruputuncu

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title: Talk:Irruputuncu


text:
Talk:Licancabur

Removed content
As discussed on my user talk page and the talk page of this editor, the source does not mention Licancabur at all and it's not clear that it is reliable either: "The border area around Licancabur was mined by the Chileans during the dicatatorship of Pinochet. Although de-mining has taken place along some roads from the Chilean side, there are still mines in the area. For this reason, the Bolivian route to the summit is recommended ." Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 19:54, 31 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I have found a few more sources for information about landmines around Licancabur: The following source is more reliable as it's from an academic paper http://www.ijch.net/vol4/127-CH0001.pdf. Furthermore, a newer edition of the landmine monitor archive mentions Licancabur: http://archives.the-monitor.org/index.php/publications/display?url=lm/2003/chile.html. There is a discussion on some climbing sites: https://www.summitpost.org/licancabur/153749 http://gerdbreitenbach.de/anden/bolivia_1/licancabur_en.html http://wyprawy.az.pl/en/21/expeditions This site shows quite clearly the signed minefield and the road leading to Licancabur: http://machacasonwheels.blogspot.com/2014/12/uyuni-to-san-pedro-de-atacama-via.html ... I think that with the newer source from the-monitor.org and the ijch.net paper, my statement could be changed to "The border area around Licancabur contains land mines on the Chilean side (insert refs); for this reason, the Bolivian route to the summit is usually taken." I do not have data to backup my original statement about this happening during the dictatorship, although that was what I remember people telling me. Here is some more information from another reliable source : https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/03/22/magazine/voyages-nathalie-cabrol-searching-mars-life-on-earth.html  Kamerondeckerharris (talk) 22:41, 31 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I re-added a comment similar to the original one I made. All claims are now backed up with references. Hopefully that checks out. Thanks. Kamerondeckerharris (talk) 15:38, 3 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Seems good to me...except that I can see an "International Journal of Culture and History" on User:JzG/Predatory/M., is this from the same dubious publisher? Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 16:29, 3 August 2020 (UTC)
 * , both look equally bogus to me. Guy (help! - typo?) 22:29, 3 August 2020 (UTC)

Hrm, seems like we can't use it as a source then. From what I can tell only these sources might work; the other ones have WP:SELFPUBLISH issues and even these two are so-so. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 17:58, 4 August 2020 (UTC)
 * As a working academic myself, my opinion is it's hard to determine who is or isn't "predatory". In some people's view, top journals like Nature, Cell, Science, and the whole Elsevier group are "predatory". However, from what I can tell this is a peer-reviewed journal although it's not in my field. I do not see IJCH on the User:JzG/Predatory/M list. What is wrong with the land mine & cluster munitions monitor? The UN itself uses it as a source https://research.un.org/en/mines/statistics Kamerondeckerharris (talk) 18:17, 4 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Aye, but on Wikipedia we've settled on a particular definition of "predatory". I've rewritten the text to strip out the unreliable sources. Also, to be honest it seems like the landmining issue has been given a bit of WP:Undue weight on Wikipedia; it's only a minor component of the history of this volcano. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:26, 20 September 2020 (UTC)

On W.E.Rudolph
Linking this study as it illustrates one reason why I think they are a RS for cultural things. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 17:06, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Licancabur


text:
Boris Blacher

Boris Blacher (19 January 1903 – 30 January 1975) was a German composer and librettist.

Life
Blacher was born when his parents (of German-Estonian and Russian backgrounds) were living within a Russian-speaking community in the Manchurian town of Niuzhuang (hence the use of the Julian calendar on his birth record). He spent his first years in China and in the Asian parts of Russia, and in 1919, he eventually came to live in Harbin.

In 1922 he went to Berlin where he began to study first architecture, mathematics, and then music at the Berlin Hochschule fuer Musik. He found work arranging popular and film music.

Two years later, he turned to music and studied composition with Friedrich Koch.

His career was interrupted by National Socialism. He was accused of writing degenerate music and lost his teaching post at the Dresden Conservatory.

His career resumed after 1945, and he later became president of the Academy of Arts, Berlin, and is today regarded as one of the most influential music figures of his time. His students include Aribert Reimann, Isang Yun, Maki Ishii, Fritz Geißler, Giselher Klebe, Heimo Erbse, Richard Aaker Trythall, Klaus Huber, Francis Burt, Gottfried von Einem, Kalevi Aho and Richard Wernick.

Blacher was married to the pianist. They had four children including the German actress Tatjana Blacher and the international violinist Kolja Blacher. He died in Berlin in 1975, aged 72. He was buried in an Ehrengrab in the Waldfriedhof Zehlendorf, Berlin.

Works
List of works:

 * 1915-17: Visions fugitives, Op. 22 (arranged 1935)
 * 1929: Habemeajaja, chamber opera, premiered 1987
 * 1929: Jazz-Koloraturen, Op. 1 for coloratura soprano, alto saxophone and bassoon.
 * 1930: String Quartet No. 1, Op. 11
 * 1931: String Trio - Three Studies on Jewish folksongs
 * 1931: Fünf Sinnsprüche Omars des Zeltmachers, Op. 3 for mezzo-soprano and piano
 * 1931: Konzert-Ouvertüre
 * 1931: Two Toccatas for piano
 * 1932: Kleine Marschmusik, Op. 2 for orchestra
 * 1933: Orchester-Capriccio über ein Volkslied, Op. 4 for orchestra
 * 1934: Alla Marcia for orchestra
 * 1935: Divertimento for string orchestra
 * 1935: Etüde for string quartet
 * 1935: Fest im Süden, Op. 6 Danse-drama in one act by Ellen Petz
 * 1935: Fest im Süden - Suite for orchestra
 * 1936: Divertimento for wind orchestra, Op. 7
 * 1937: Concertante Musik, Op. 10 for orchestra
 * 1938: Symphony, Op. 12
 * 1938: Dance Scenes La Vie, ballet in one act
 * 1938: Rondo for orchestra
 * 1939: Harlekindae, Op. 13 ballet in one act with prologue and epilogue by Jens Keith
 * 1940: Fürstin Tarakanowa (Princess Tarakanova), Op. 19 opera in three acts
 * 1940: Fürstin Tarakanowa, Op. 19a - Suite for orchestra
 * 1940: String Quartet No. 2, Op. 16
 * 1940: Flute Sonata, Op. 15
 * 1940: Concerto for String Orchestra, Op. 20
 * 1940: Hamlet; Symphonic Poem, Op. 17 for orchestra
 * 1940: Two Sonatinas, Op. 14 for piano
 * 1940-41: Cello Sonata
 * 1941: Violin Sonata, Op. 18
 * 1942: Sonatina for Piano Four Hands
 * 1942: Der Großinquisitor (The Grand Inquisitor), Op.21 - Oratorio after Dostoyevsky by Leo Borchard
 * 1943: Three Pieces for piano, Op. 23
 * 1943: Romeo und Julia, Op. 22 chamber opera, premiered Salzburg Festival 1950
 * 1943: Drei Psalmen for baritone & piano (Psalms 142, 141 & 121). Arranged for chamber ensemble in 1966 by Beyer
 * 1943: Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 14/1
 * 1943: Piano Sonata No. 2, Op. 14/2
 * 1944: String Quartet No. 3, Op. 32
 * 1944: Vier Chöre on texts by Francois Villon
 * 1945: Partita for strings & 6 percussion, Op. 24a
 * 1945: Concerto for Jazz Orchestra
 * 1946: Chiarina, Op. 33 - ballet in one act by Paul Strecker
 * 1946: Die Flut (opera), Op. 24b radio opera
 * 1946: Divertimento for trumpet, trombone and piano, Op. 31
 * 1946: Die Flut (The Tide), Chamber opera in one act (text by Heinz von Cramer)
 * 1947: Piano Concerto No. 1. Op. 28
 * 1947: Orchestral Variations on a Theme by Paganini, Op.26
 * 1947: Die Nachtschwalbe (The Night Swallow), Op. 27 Zeitoper in one act
 * 1947: Four Songs, Op. 25 for soprano and piano. Text by Friedrich Wolf
 * 1948: Violin Concerto, Op 29
 * 1949: Hamlet, Op. 35 - ballet in a prologue and three scenes after Shakespeare by Tatjana Gsovsky
 * 1949: Hamlet - Suite for orchestra
 * 1949/52: Preußisches Märchen (A Prussian Fairytale) , ballet-opera in six scenes
 * 1950: Ornamente, Sieben Studien über variable Metren", Op. 37 for piano
 * 1950: Lysistrata, Op. 34 ballet in three scenes after Aristophanes
 * 1950: Lysistrata - Suite, Op. 34a from ballet for orchestra
 * 1950: Concerto for Clarinet, Bassoon, Horn, Trumpet and Harp, Op. 36.
 * 1951: Piano Sonata No. 3, Op. 39
 * 1951: Divertimento for four woodwinds, Op. 38
 * 1951: Epitaph: In memory of Franz Kafka, (String Quartet No. 4), Op. 41
 * 1951: Sonata for solo violin, Op. 40
 * 1951: Dialog for flute, violin, piano and string orchesra
 * 1951: Nebel, for voice and piano
 * 1952: Piano Concerto No. 2 (in variable metres), Op. 42
 * 1953: Orchester-Ornament, Op. 44
 * 1953: Studie im Pianissimo, Op. 45 for orchestra
 * 1953/57: Abstrakte Oper Nr. 1, Op. 43 experimental opera in one act
 * 1954: Two Inventions, Op. 46 for orchestra
 * 1954: Viola Concerto, Op. 48
 * 1954: Francesca da Rimini, Op. 47 - fragment from Dante's Divina Commedia, for soprano and solo violin
 * 1955: Der Mohr von Venedig, Op. 50 - ballet in 6 scenes and an epilogue after Shakespeare by Erika Hanka
 * 1955: Träume vom Tod und vom Leben, Op. 49 - Cantata after a poem by Hans Arp for tenor, choir and orchestra
 * 1956: Orchester-Fantasie, Op. 51
 * 1956: Hommage à Mozart - Metamorphoses on a group of Mozart themes, for orchestra
 * 1957: Music for Cleveland, Op. 53 for orchestra
 * 1957: Two Poems, Op. 55 for jazz quartet
 * 1957/64 Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird, Op. 54 for soprano and string quartet (or piano)
 * 1958: Aprèslude, Op. 57 for voice and piano
 * 1958: Songs of the Sea Pirate O'Rourke'', Op. 56 for solo voices and orchestra
 * 1958: Requiem, Op. 58
 * 1959: Musica giocosa, Op. 59 for orchestra
 * 1960: Rosamunde Floris, Op. 60 - opera (libretto by Gerhart von Westerman, based on the play by Georg Kaiser)
 * 1961: Jüdische Chronik (A Jewish Chronicle), for chorus and orchestra
 * 1961: Variations on a theme of Muzio Clementi, Op. 61 for piano and orchestra
 * 1962: Five Negro Spirituals, for mezzo-soprano and ensemble
 * 1962: Multiple Raumperperspektiven: piano and electronics
 * 1963: Perpetuum Mobile for solo violin
 * 1963: Konzertstück for wind quintet and strings
 * 1963: Demeter, ballet in four scenes by Yvonne Georgi
 * 1963: Demeter - Suite for orchestra
 * 1963: Drei Chansons aus Shakespeare's Romeo und Juliet for voice and Piano.
 * 1963: Fanfare for the Opening of the Philharmonie [Berlin]
 * 1964: Cello Concerto, premiered by Siegfried Palm
 * 1964: Zwischenfälle bei einer Notlandung (Incidents after a Crash-landing), electronic opera
 * 1964: Skalen 2:3:4, electronic
 * 1964/67: Four Studies for harpsichord
 * 1965: Elektronische Impulse, electronic
 * 1965: Octet for clarinet, bassoon, horn and strings
 * 1965: Tristan, ballet in seven scenes by Tatjana Gsovsky
 * 1966: Tristan - Suite for orchestra
 * 1966: Virtuose Musik for solo violin, 10 winds, timpani, percussion and harp
 * 1966: Plus Minus One for string quartet and jazz ensemble
 * 1967: Spiel mit (mir), for 2 violins and recorder
 * 1967: Ungereimtes, nach Kinderreimen komponiert for baritone/mezzo-soprano and piano
 * 1967: String Quartet No. 5 Variationen über einen divergierenden c-moll-Dreiklang
 * 1968: Ariadne, duodrama for two speakers and electronics
 * 1968: Collage for orchestra
 * 1969: Anacaona, six poems by Alfred Tennyson for mixed chorus a cappella about the Indian Queen Anacaona
 * 1969: 200 000 Taler, opera after Sholem Aleichem's story "Dos groijse Gewins"; premiered at the Deutsche Oper Berlin
 * 1969: Vier Ornamente for violin and piano ad lib.
 * 1970: Musik für Osaka, electronic
 * 1970: Concerto for piccolo trumpet and string orchestra
 * 1970: Piano Trio
 * 1971: Clarinet Concerto
 * 1972: Blues, Espagnola und Rumba philharmonica, for 12 solo cellos
 * 1972: Stars and Strings, for jazz ensemble and strings
 * 1972: Duo for flute and piano
 * 1972: Sonata for two cellos and 11 instruments ad libitum
 * 1973: Variationen über eine Tonleiter for solo violin
 * 1973: Yvonne, Prinzessin von Burgund, opera in 4 acts. Libretto based on the play by Witold Gombrowicz
 * 1973: For Seven = 3(6+x) for soprano and jazz ensemble
 * 1973: Vokalisen for chorus a cappella
 * 1973-74: Quintet for flute, oboe, violin, viola and cello
 * 1974: 24 Preludes for Piano
 * 1974: Poem for large orchestra (1974), dedicated to Tatjana Gsovsky
 * 1974: Variationen über ein Thema von Tschaikowsky ("Rokoko-Variationen"), for cello and piano
 * 1974: Pentagramm for 16 strings
 * 1974: Poème for orchestra
 * 1974: Prelude and Concert Aria for mezzo-soprano and orchestra
 * 1975: Das Geheimnis des entwendeten Briefes (The Secret of the Stolen Letter), chamber opera
 * 1975: Fragment for string quartet

Blacher wrote the libretto for Gottfried von Einem's operas Dantons Tod (1947) and Der Prozeß (1953).

title: Boris Blacher


text:
Talk:Cornelia Hancock

Untitled
The text of article was obtained from public domain site. Darwinek 19:44, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cornelia Hancock


text: Talk:Paquni

title: Talk:Paquni


text: Talk:Laram Q'awa (Oruro)

title: Talk:Laram Q'awa (Oruro)


text: Talk:Nevado Anallajsi

title: Talk:Nevado Anallajsi


text:
Talk:Nevado Sajama

Article Name
According to Google, Nevado Sajama is the most commonly used name with 3,490 hits while Nevado del Sajama registers at 102 hits at this time. RedWolf 05:57, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nevado Sajama


text:
Talk:Olca

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 23 August 2021 and 10 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Zanvit. Peer reviewers: ItsPlexiglass, UNMls.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 08:43, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Olca


text:
Talk:Parinacota (volcano)

Search terms
"parinacota" OR "Parina Quta" OR "Parinaquta" AND "volcan" and "parinacota" OR "Parina Quta" OR "Parinaquta" AND volcano -"volcan". Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 21:01, 2 March 2019 (UTC)

Unclear source
This source comes from a broken paper, but may be useful. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:22, 1 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Parinacota (volcano)


text: Talk:Tata Sabaya

title: Talk:Tata Sabaya


text:
Talk:Paruma

Paruma or Paroma?
What is the correct name for this mountain? Maybe both, but I haven't the answer. Jespinos 01:59, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paruma


text:
Talk:Patilla Pata

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title: Talk:Patilla Pata


text: Talk:Sacabaya

title: Talk:Sacabaya


text:
Talk:Pomerape

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title: Talk:Pomerape


text:
Talk:Emi Koussi

Coordinate error
The following coordinate fixes are needed for

—2405:204:72CD:E58A:CC5D:AF5F:8B11:A468 (talk) 15:56, 5 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but I am not seeing any issue. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 16:29, 5 September 2018 (UTC)

Elevation and coordinates
There seems to be a discrepancy among sites as to the correct elevation. Some sites give 3415 m while others 3445 m. GVP gives 3415 while geographic.org based on US government intelligence data gives 3445. Wikidata has 3445 but it uses the German Wiki as the source but that Wiki is using 3415. Peakbagger has 3445 and points to SRTM as its source (perhaps why the US gov't data uses 3445). GVP and SRTM are both reliable sources. Haven't been able to find a Chad gov't website as yet. Not sure yet what to do about the elevation. The coordinates were not referenced until I made a change today. I've set it to use the coordinates I found at latitude.to as well as update Wikidata to use those coords. RedWolf (talk) 03:06, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Google Scholar prefers 3415 to 3445. It's a common issue on volcanoes that I've noticed, there often are discrepancies in elevation estimates. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:18, 8 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Emi Koussi


text:
Talk:Ojos del Salado

Is this a reliable source?
This group of mountaineers has a museum and stuff but I don't know anything about them. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 15:00, 17 October 2021 (UTC)

Just undertook a major expansion
Based on a more comprehensive survey of sources. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 16:01, 23 October 2021 (UTC)

Meaning
In the article the real meaning of Ojos del salado isn't mentioned which means "eyes of the salty one" in Spanish. Aminabzz (talk) 13:06, 27 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Yes, but place names are not always literal; false friends are pretty common. I'd want a source that explicitly connects the name Ojos de Salado to a meaning. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 15:57, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * This is not an example of a false friend. As the article you have mentioned states, a false friend is two words in two languages that look like each other in the aspect of letters but have different meanings.
 * But ojos and eyes don't look like each other.
 * Also, there isn't a meaning for the mountain's name in English to call it a false friend. In a false friend the words should have meanings in both languages.
 * So since the mountain's name doesn't have an English meaning it's pretty safe to translate the Spanish name to English.
 * Also, you can search the web for the meaning. I've done it and found some sources. Aminabzz (talk) 21:41, 5 August 2023 (UTC)
 * If the concept of a false friend was limited to different languages, you might have a point. But just as "Monti Rossi" at Mount Etna literally means "red mountain" but the actual etymology (via a dialect) is "mountain of ruin", we can't guarantee that "Ojos del Salado" the placename means the same thing as "Ojos del Salado" the Spanish sentence. I want a source that explicitly discusses the etymology. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 17:01, 6 August 2023 (UTC)

Disagreement between about the Polish climbers
Wondering if we need an explanation in text for this edit, in case sources disagree. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:50, 25 August 2023 (UTC)

 * I don't have access to the latter source. Does it claim the ascent was made by all members? Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 12:36, 25 August 2023 (UTC)
 * This source says . Von Tinogasta auf der argentinischen Seite der Hauptkordillere kommend, gelang der vierköpfigen polnischen Bergsteigergruppe (Justin Wojsznis, Stefan Osiecki, Witold Paryski, Jan Szczepański) die Besteigung von elf Sechstausendern, darunter acht Erstbesteigungen von Gipfeln oberhalb von 6300 m (Wojsznis 1956a, S.107). Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 12:48, 25 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Would be good to check Wojsznis. Polish source states that only two climbers went to the top. Justyn Wojsznis wraz z Janem Szczepańskim swoje zainteresowanie skierowali ku najwyższemu wulkanowi Nevado Ojos del Salado (6870 m n.p.m.), by po kilkudniowej akcji górskiej stanąć na jego szczycie (26 lutego 1937 r.). In fact the Polish source strongly implies the others went eslewhere at the same time: Jednocześnie drugi zespół: Stefan Osiecki i Witold Paryski działał pod masywem Nevado Tres Cruces (6620 m n.p.m.). Środkowy wierzchołek Nevado Tres Cruces alpiniści zdobyli 24 lutego, dwa dni później Paryski samotnie osiągnął południowy wierzchołek (6630 m n.p.m.). Note the dates. It is unlikely Paryski would climb both mountains on the same day... PS. Cited source is Ostrowski 1984. PPS. Having translated the German quotation, it does not imply they all climbed each mountain, but that the expedition did. Polish text goes into more details and clarifies that they worked in two 2-men teams, and sometimes each team climbed a different mountain. I hope that makes it clear that the German text was initially used incorrectly (to make a claim that is not clearly supported by it wording). Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 02:53, 26 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Probably best to remove the German reference, then, which I have done. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 07:42, 26 August 2023 (UTC)

Source on research
Dunno if it's worth a mention: This source about how research in the region is almost entirely under foreign leadership. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 10:36, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

Which lake?
This book talks about 100m wide lake at 6390m elevation. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 10:39, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

Pre-FAC review
- as per your request on my user talk page, I'll give this a pre-FAC look. Apologies if any of these comments don't make much sense; I'm trying to split my attention between this article and the Kansas City Chiefs game on TV
 * "Topo map Highest mountain: Highest Mountain in Chile" - is this the intended infobox code, because it does not seem right to me
 * "Waterbodies found at 6,600 metres (21,700 ft) elevation are the highest lakes of the world; if considered lakes they may be the highest lakes in the world." - I think this needs rephrased - it is fairly convoluted with the first part essentially stating that the waterbodies are the highest lakes, but the second part says that if these waterbodies were to be classified as lakes they would be the highest lakes in the world
 * "the mountain has extremely dry conditions, which prevent the formation of glaciers" - but we do note that there are small, sheltered or isolated glaciers. So maybe rephrase to "which prevent the formation of widespread glaciers" or "substantial glaciers" or something like that?
 * Isolation is only present in the infobox; should be mentioned in the body as well
 * 13 see also links seems a little excessive; I would recommend trimming these a bit before an FAC
 * "BAKER, P. E.; GONZALEZ-FERRAN, O.; REX, D. C." - this shouldn't be in all-caps

This is in good shape otherwise. Hog Farm Talk 22:32, 10 December 2023 (UTC)
 * , thanks. Only other article that comes to mind is Mount Hudson, and only for a POV-balance evaluation (how much space to assign to each eruption) Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 09:36, 11 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ojos del Salado


text:
Talk:Station identification

Untitled
I don't agree with the contention that digital on-screen graphic IDs were introduced by VH-1 in 1993. I know for a fact that I saw crude, low-resolution, full opacity bugs used on the reruns of Tribeca on Fox around summer 1993 (the show was never rerun on broadcast TV after that) and was upset at this new, distracting, intrusive practice. 72.230.80.155 (talk) 17:33, 25 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Station identification


text:
Rafidain List

The Rafidain List or Al Rafidain National List (or Mesopotamia List) is the name of the list that is used by Assyrian Democratic Movement during the Iraqi elections, headed by Yunadam Kanna.

At the 2005 parliamentary elections, the NRL got with 36,255 votes (0.4%) and one seat. The National Rafidain List was ahead in Australia and came in a close second in the US.

For the 2018 Iraqi parliamentary election, ADM decided to also include the Assyrian Patriotic Party in the list as well, and won one seat.

title: Rafidain List


text:
Talk:Antony Hamilton

Article quality
Quite a prominent actor, but the article needs a lot of work. Philip 17:49, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

James Bond
I can find no printed source to support the allegations made in this article that Hamilton was rejected for the role of Bond because he was gay. Without a reputable source, such a statement violates WP:BLP policy - not on Hamilton, who is dead, but on the producers of the Bond films, and therefore I have removed it. And there was no "firestorm of controversy" regarding Tula in For Your Eyes Only, either, only some mild tabloid snickering regarding someone who was on screen for less than a second. I can't find any source to support that Hamilton was even considered for the role of Bond in 1987 since Pierce Brosnan had been heir presumptive since Moore quit and Dalton was chosen after Brosnan pulled out. However this is less likely to be considered a BLP issue so I left it in pending someone providing a source. 23skidoo 06:14, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Hamilton definitely auditioned, screen tested, and was for a long time a serious contender for the role of Bond in the mid 1980s. There are many printed sources to support this claim - mainly interviews with Hamilton himself, but also some interviews done with other people involved. You are right, however, in that there does not seem to be many of these printed sources easily available on the web at present. The only thing I can find after a quick web search using a search engine is a snippet from an article written by Rebecca Brickner for People Magazine in 1986 available under the "in print" section at: http://www.antonyhamilton.com. However, just because information is not on the Internet does not automatically mean the information is false, untrue, or does not exist, which many people seem to think these days. You probably have to go to you local research library in this case and look at their article databases in order to find more printed sources :-). Moreover - probably contributing to the fact that you cannot find much on the web about this - we are after all talking about a piece of news which is more than 20 years old and which has been little talked of since then seeing as Hamilton never got the role and in addition died more than a decade ago. Also, there generally being a lot of "hush-hush" when Bond is cast, there was not LOADS of documentation done on this event in the first place.

I know that there definitely has been several printed articles documenting Hamilton's Bond experiences, and supporting that he indeed was a serious contender for Bond, available on the web in the past - I can definitely remember reading quite a few of them about a year or so ago on some Bond and/or Hamilton webpage. These sources seem to have been removed at this point in the proceedings, though - probably, as also often is the case, and which you also have to take into consideration when finding or not finding things on the Internet, for copyright reasons.

You are however probably right in removing the information saying that Hamilton was rejected for the part because he was gay - seeing as this, as far as I know, was never properly confirmed by anyone, but merely newspaper speculation. Some magazines further speculated that it was because Hamilton was blond, others because he had too strong an Australian accent, etc, etc... (Ladynimon 16:02, 16 January 2007 (UTC))

HIV status
It has been suggested that the subject of this article is eligible for inclusion in the list of HIV-positive people. If you know of any reliable source that helps to clarify this person's HIV status then please mention it on the list's talk page. Trezatium 19:17, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Article
This whole article seems to be one giant personal web page for the actor. Not encyclopedic at all… 98.206.241.221 (talk) 19:19, 4 January 2012 (UTC)
 * This is an oldish comment but I agree with your opinion. As such, I have rewritten the article. I have no idea what was up with the odd, out of context quotes and copy/pasted content that was added before but I have removed it and tried to include all the tidbits that the quotes pertained to. For whatever reason, an IP user added it all back which I have since reverted. These "quotes" - which aren't actually quotes, just copied content from People and various other sources - should not be added back. We don't fill up article space with long, out of context quotes and copied bits from magazines.  Pinkadelica ♣  10:16, 2 February 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Antony Hamilton