text:
Talk:Stanley Jordan

Touch Sensitive
If anyone wants to know my evidence for the existence and date of Touch Sensitive, I have a copy. And if anyone wants to know why I speculated on whether Jordan has disavowed it instead of e-mailing him, I did send an e-mail to the contact address at his Web site, but it bounced. —JerryFriedman 20:08, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Pressing the string against a specific fret
Don't you always press behind the fret, whether you're playing with touch technique or the "normal" way? —JerryFriedman 20:10, 30 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Correct. The differences to normal plucking are: You do the "pressing" with 8 to 10 finger-tips, not just 4; it is rather quick, short tapping than pressing and holding; no plucking. --Waldirei 22:51, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Changes 06-01-30
Took out Jordan is the only guitarist known to use two-handed tapping techniques predominantly, and has developed it to a remarkable degree. No longer factually correct - ehm, since the 1990s - another giant (musically and technically) is very active, Enver Izmailov. (There's life outside the US ;-) --Waldirei 22:48, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

ASU vs. Princeton
The text says he went to Princeton, but the article has the category ASU. Why? S e miconscious • talk  05:29, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Looking around online it apprears he originally got his degree from Princeton, and then later attending ASU to get a second degree. S e miconscious  • talk  05:31, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Still sounds weird...he got into Princeton *before* he was famous, now twenty six years later he goes back for a lamer degree ("music therapy" instead of "music") at a lamer school, even though he's now famous? I'm marking it citation needed.
 * I added a citation. He has recently become interested in the field of music therapy, and he is pursuing a master's degree in the subject at ASU. -- Spike Wilbury  21:38, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

I know he went as an undergrad to Princeton in the early 80's. My sister met him there. My guess is that he never went to Harvard, but instead went to Princeton. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.78.129.45 (talk) 05:04, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

Is this article about Jordan or tapping?
Not counting the discography and the external links at the bottom, this article is nearly 600 words long and only about 130 of them are about Jordan. The only thing I learned about Jordan are that he was born in 1959, taps two-handed in an alternate tuning, went to Princeton, lives in Arizona. The bulk of the article is about tapping, with pianos and harpsicords and Chapman sticks and a long lists of other players aside from Jordan. There already is a tapping article that covers two-handed tapping--and Jordan's use of it. I'd like to know more about live performances, whom he has worked with, etc., which one would have expected in an article that is ostensibly about him. El charangista 13:43, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed Gekritzl 23:07, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Harpsichord/Piano analogy
I asked for citation on this analogy (inspiration to Jordan). If Jordan really considered the action of pianos as an inspiration for tapping, then we can leave that fact as mentioned in first paragraph; I added the second paragraph, indented. We should clean up and combine the two when the fact is verified or busted. Gekritzl 23:07, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I will look for a citation tonight. Thanks for your work on the article. -- Spike Wilbury 23:10, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Power Macintosh 6100
I think it should be mentioned that he created the start up sound for the Power Macintosh 6100.

New photos of Stanley to publish here
Hello all. I took some nice photos of Stanley in 2009 (http://evergreen.moifoto.ru/112431/f2959536 for example). How can I publish it here without registering on Wiki? I mean, you guys a free to illustrate this article with my shoots at any time. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.132.93.19 (talk) 19:11, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

Developed Tapping?
I am going to remove the claim that he developed tapping. Guitarists like Eddie Van Halen was tapping long before the 1980s. If you listen to the song "Eruption" which is on Van Halen's self-titled debut album, than you'll hear tapping. Mr. C.C. Hey yo!I didn't do it! 05:57, 9 April 2012 (UTC)

needed citation in section "History"
The story about "Magic Touch" being the first album produced by the rejuvenated label "blue note records" is stated exactly like this in the liners notes of said album, written by his agent. I know it, as I own the album. But how do you cite this in Wiki? Please, someone, link it, as it is both true and remarkable imho.--134.2.89.92 (talk) 16:44, 23 April 2015 (UTC)

Linkfarm pruned
Might be useful as inline refs:
 * Purchase Music
 * Mack Avenue Artist Page
 * Leonard Feather, LA Times: TV REVIEW : "The Genius of Stanley Jordan"
 * allmusic.com: review of "State of Nature" album
 * Ted Panken, Morten Report: "An Interview With Guitarist Stanley Jordan"
 * Jeff Giles: "The Popdose Interview: Stanley Jordan"
 * USA Today: "Jazz artist applies music to heal the body and mind"
 * Brainworld Magazine: "Stanley Jordan's Healing Music"
 * Tom Foremski, siliconvalleywatcher.com: "Jazz Guitarist Stanley Jordan Translates Financial Data into Musical Patterns of Prediction"
 * PBS/NOVA (1985): Jordan demonstrates his original software for computer assisted music instruction
 * Wilson & Alroy: Critical reviews of discography
 * Stanley Jordan: Instructional - "Getting Started with the Touch Technique"
 * Stanley Jordan: "An Introduction to Neuro-Linguistic Programming for Music Therapists"
 * Stanley Jordan playing "Eleanor Rigby"
 * http://www.musictherapy.org/
 * Stanley Jordan on 'Letterman'
 * Stanley Jordan at Vigier guitars
 * Stanley Jordan at Vigier guitars

Sam Sing! 20:58, 10 July 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stanley Jordan


text:
IWI Jericho 941

The Jericho 941 is a double-action/single-action semi-automatic pistol developed by Israel Weapon Industries (prior to 2005, Israel Military Industries) that was introduced in 1990.

It was first imported into the United States in 1990 by K.B.I., Inc. of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. It was later imported by O.F. Mossberg & Sons and named the Uzi Eagle and by Magnum Research, Inc. as the Baby Eagle until the end of 2008. Some pistols from Magnum Research are marked Desert Eagle Pistol. Despite these names being used in the American market, the short recoil Jericho 941 is not related to the gas-operated IMI Desert Eagle other than its manufacture by IMI and being affiliated with MRI, and bears only a slight cosmetic resemblance to the larger pistol. From January 2009 until they ceased business in January 2010, K.B.I., Inc. (which also imported Charles Daly firearms) imported the handgun as the Jericho. Magnum Research, now a division of Kahr Arms, announced a renewed importation of the Jericho.

In December 2014, IWI US, Inc. announced they would begin importing both the steel and polymer versions of the Jericho 941 in early 2015.

Design and features
The original Jericho 941 was modeled on the CZ-75 pistol and built using parts supplied by the Italian arms house Tanfoglio, which had been making their own CZ-75 clones. Using a well-tested design allowed IMI to avoid the teething problems most new pistol designs experience, and subcontracting much of the basic fabrication work to Tanfoglio allowed IMI to quickly put into production a pistol that would have enough Israeli content to satisfy government contract requirements.

While the R-versions of the Jericho 941 feature a combined safety/decocker (the decocking lever also acts as a safety and remains on "safe" when actuated), the decocker version of the CZ-75 (CZ-75BD) features a simple decocker (the pistol is always ready to fire in double-action mode when decocked). The barrel of the CZ-75 is traditionally rifled, while the Jericho 941 features a polygonal barrel, furthermore the Jericho 941 is substantially heavier. These differences translate into substantial differences in the condition in which the gun is carried. Magazines for the CZ-75 and Tanfoglio T95 will function in the Jericho 941.

One innovation by IMI was a new, much "hotter" cartridge, the .41 Action Express (see below) to go along with the Jericho 941. A key feature shared between 9mm and .41 AE is that the Action Express cartridges have rebated-rims, which are the same diameter as the less powerful rounds, but the case is wider, providing more capacity and potential for more power. This allows these pairs of calibers to be used in the same firearm with only a change of the barrel, recoil spring, and magazine.

The .41 AE was less commercially successful than the 10mm Auto, and was soon discontinued 15 years later. Experience with heavily loaded rounds gave IMI a considerable lead, however, in chambering for the soon-to-be successful .40 S&W and also allowed the Jericho to be designed for the popular .45 ACP. The Jericho 941 design has been modified to include accessory rails on the frame for mounting lasers or flashlights, a feature found on many modern semi-automatic handguns.

Variants
The introduction of the Jericho 941 also introduced a new caliber to the market, the .41 Action Express (or .41 AE), which was developed in 1986. The .41 AE was a rebated rim cartridge designed to use .410-inch (10.25 mm) bullets and duplicate a reduced power police loading of the .41 Magnum. The Jericho originally shipped with two barrels, one for 9×19mm Parabellum and the other for .41 AE. Since the .41 AE was designed with a rebated rim the same dimensions as that of the 9 mm, the extractor and ejector worked equally well for either cartridge.

A later compact version, the Jericho 941, was chambered in .45 ACP or 9 mm.

Initially Jericho pistols used barrels with polygonal rifling, which sometimes produces slightly higher velocity due to better bullet to barrel fit. IWI switched to conventional land and groove rifling from 2005 to 2007.

The Jericho 941 is issued in current service throughout the Israeli Security Forces, but Israel Weapon Industries lost a 1.2 Billion Pesos bid for the Philippine National Police's 60,000 handgun procurement on July 11, 2012. Israeli Government IMI Jericho 941F's, occasionally available on the US Civilian Surplus Market, are SAO (Single Action Only) versions of the IMI/IWI Jericho 941 models sold new in the US. These pistols can appear with either factory SAO triggers, or trigger/frame modifications performed by Israeli Armorers. The Armorer-modified version can be externally identified by an extra roll-pin added in the frame slightly forward of the trigger-pivot (also a roll-pin). This extra roll-pin prevents the trigger from moving forward to the now non-existent DA position within the trigger-guard. The SAO triggers of the Govt. 941s apply to what is commonly known as the "Israeli Method" of carry, otherwise known as "Condition 3" within the lexicon developed by Jeff Cooper.

Users

 * 🇨🇱 Chile: The Chilean Marine Corps has the IWI Jericho 941 RPSL.
 * 🇨🇴 Colombia
 * 🇨🇷 Costa Rica
 * 🇸🇻 El Salvador
 * Georgia: Used by army and police.
 * 🇬🇷 Greece
 * 🇮🇳 India: Used by Special Forces.
 * 🇮🇱 Israel: Used by various police and security forces.
 * 🇳🇮 Nicaragua
 * 🇵🇪 Peru
 * 🇵🇭 Philippines - Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
 * 🇷🇴 Romania: Manufactured by the Cugir Arms Factory as the Pistol model 2000.
 * 🇷🇸 Serbia
 * Republic of Korea: Used by Army and Marine Corps Military Police Special Duty Team
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine: since September 2009 produced in Ukraine under the name “Fort-21.03”. Used by Ukrainian police and special forces
 * Vietnam: Limited use in the army and police. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.

Cultural References
The anime, Cowboy Bebop predominately featured the Jericho 941 R model as Spike, the main protagonist's, weapon of choice.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: IWI Jericho 941


text:
Frost heaving

Frost heaving (or a frost heave) is an upwards swelling of soil during freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface, upwards from the depth in the soil where freezing temperatures have penetrated into the soil (the freezing front or freezing boundary). Ice growth requires a water supply that delivers water to the freezing front via capillary action in certain soils. The weight of overlying soil restrains vertical growth of the ice and can promote the formation of lens-shaped areas of ice within the soil. Yet the force of one or more growing ice lenses is sufficient to lift a layer of soil, as much as 1 ft or more. The soil through which water passes to feed the formation of ice lenses must be sufficiently porous to allow capillary action, yet not so porous as to break capillary continuity. Such soil is referred to as "frost susceptible". The growth of ice lenses continually consumes the rising water at the freezing front. Differential frost heaving can crack road surfaces—contributing to springtime pothole formation—and damage building foundations. Frost heaves may occur in mechanically refrigerated cold-storage buildings and ice rinks.

Needle ice is essentially frost heaving that occurs at the beginning of the freezing season, before the freezing front has penetrated very far into the soil and there is no soil overburden to lift as a frost heave.

Historical understanding of frost heaving
Urban Hjärne described frost effects in soil in 1694. By 1930, Stephen Taber, head of the Department of Geology at the University of South Carolina, had disproved the hypothesis that frost heaving results from molar volume expansion with freezing of water already present in the soil prior to the onset of subzero temperatures, i.e. with little contribution from the migration of water within the soil.

Since the molar volume of water expands by about 9% as it changes phase from water to ice at its bulk freezing point, 9% would be the maximum expansion possible owing to molar volume expansion, and even then only if the ice were rigidly constrained laterally in the soil so that the entire volume expansion had to occur vertically. Ice is unusual among compounds because it increases in molar volume from its liquid state, water. Most compounds decrease in volume when changing phase from liquid to solid. Taber showed that the vertical displacement of soil in frost heaving could be significantly greater than that due to molar volume expansion.

Taber demonstrated that liquid water migrates towards the freeze line within soil. He showed that other liquids, such as benzene, which contracts when it freezes, also produce frost heave. This excluded molar volume changes as the dominant mechanism for vertical displacement of freezing soil. His experiments further demonstrated the development of ice lenses inside columns of soil that were frozen by cooling the upper surface only, thereby establishing a temperature gradient.

Development of ice lenses
The dominant cause of soil displacement in frost heaving is the development of ice lenses. During frost heave, one or more soil-free ice lenses grow, and their growth displaces the soil above them. These lenses grow by the continual addition of water from a groundwater source that is lower in the soil and below the freezing line in the soil. The presence of frost-susceptible soil with a pore structure that allows capillary flow is essential to supplying water to the ice lenses as they form.

Owing to the Gibbs–Thomson effect of the confinement of liquids in pores, water in soil can remain liquid at a temperature that is below the bulk freezing point of water. Very fine pores have a very high curvature, and this results in the liquid phase being thermodynamically stable in such media at temperatures sometimes several tens of degrees below the bulk freezing point of the liquid. This effect allows water to percolate through the soil towards the ice lens, allowing the lens to grow.

Another water-transport effect is the preservation of a few molecular layers of liquid water on the surface of the ice lens, and between ice and soil particles. Faraday reported in 1860 on the unfrozen layer of premelted water. Ice premelts against its own vapor, and in contact with silica.

Micro-scale processes
The same intermolecular forces that cause premelting at surfaces contribute to frost heaving at the particle scale on the bottom side of the forming ice lens. When ice surrounds a fine soil particle as it premelts, the soil particle will be displaced downward towards the warm direction within the thermal gradient due to melting and refreezing of the thin film of water that surrounds the particle. The thickness of such a film is temperature dependent and is thinner on the colder side of the particle.

Water has a lower thermodynamic free energy when in bulk ice than when in the supercooled liquid state. Therefore, there is a continuous replenishment of water flowing from the warm side to the cold side of the particle, and continuous melting to re-establish the thicker film on the warm side. The particle migrates downwards toward the warmer soil in a process that Faraday called "thermal regelation." This effect purifies the ice lenses as they form by repelling fine soil particles. Thus a 10-nanometer film of unfrozen water around each micrometer-sized soil particle can move it 10 micrometers/day in a thermal gradient of as low as 1 °C m−1. As ice lenses grow, they lift the soil above, and segregate soil particles below, while drawing water to the freezing face of the ice lens via capillary action.

Frost-susceptible soils
Frost heaving requires a frost-susceptible soil, a continual supply of water below (a water table) and freezing temperatures, penetrating into the soil. Frost-susceptible soils are those with pore sizes between particles and particle surface area that promote capillary flow. Silty and loamy soil types, which contain fine particles, are examples of frost-susceptible soils. Many agencies classify materials as being frost susceptible if 10 percent or more constituent particles pass through a 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve or 3 percent or more pass through a 0.02 mm (No. 635) sieve. Chamberlain reported other, more direct methods for measuring frost susceptibility. Based on such research, standard tests exist to determine the relative frost and thaw weakening susceptibility of soils used in pavement systems by comparing the heave rate and thawed bearing ratio with values in an established classification system for soils where frost-susceptibility is uncertain.

Non-frost-susceptible soils may be too dense to promote water flow (low hydraulic conductivity) or too open in porosity to promote capillary flow. Examples include dense clays with a small pore size and therefore a low hydraulic conductivity and clean sands and gravels, which contain small amounts of fine particles and whose pore sizes are too open to promote capillary flow.

Landforms created by frost heaving
Frost heaving creates raised-soil landforms in various geometries, including circles, polygons and stripes, which may be described as palsas in soils that are rich in organic matter, such as peat, or lithalsa in more mineral-rich soils. The stony lithalsa (heaved mounds) found on the archipelago of Svalbard are an example. Frost heaves occur in alpine regions, even near the equator, as illustrated by palsas on Mount Kenya.

In Arctic permafrost regions, a related type of ground heaving over hundreds of years can create structures, as high as 60 metres, known as pingos, which are fed by an upwelling of ground water, instead of the capillary action that feeds the growth of frost heaves. Cryogenic earth hummocks are a small formation resulting from granular convection that appear in seasonally frozen ground and have many different names; in North America they are earth hummocks; thúfur in Greenland and Iceland; and pounus in Fennoscandia.

Polygonal forms apparently caused by frost heave have been observed in near-polar regions of Mars by the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) aboard the Mars Global Surveyor and the HiRISE camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. In May 2008 the Mars Phoenix lander touched down on such a polygonal frost-heave landscape and quickly discovered ice a few centimetres below the surface.

In refrigerated buildings
Cold-storage buildings and ice rinks that are maintained at sub-freezing temperatures may freeze the soil below their foundations to a depth of tens of meters. Seasonally frozen buildings, e.g. some ice rinks, may allow the soil to thaw and recover when the building interior is warmed. If a refrigerated building's foundation is placed on frost-susceptible soils with a water table within reach of the freezing front, then the floors of such structures may heave, due to the same mechanisms found in nature. Such structures may be designed to avoid such problems by employing several strategies, separately or in tandem. The strategies include placement of non-frost-susceptible soil beneath the foundation, adding insulation to diminish the penetration of the freezing front, and heating the soil beneath the building sufficiently to keep it from freezing. Seasonally operated ice rinks can mitigate the rate of subsurface freezing by raising the temperature of the ice.

title: Frost heaving


text: File:Zero Girl.bookcover.amazon.jpg

title: File:Zero Girl.bookcover.amazon.jpg


text:
Julius Hermann Schultes

 Julius Hermann Schultes  (4 February 1804 in Vienna – 1 September 1840 in Munich) was an Austrian botanist from Vienna. He co-authored volume 7 of the Roemer & Schultes edition of the Systema Vegetabilium with his father Josef August Schultes (1773-1831).

He studied natural sciences, anatomy and medicine at the University of Landshut, earning his medical doctorate in 1825. After the death of his father in 1831, he settled in Munich as a general practitioner, but the death of his father and his struggling for general practice caused its toll on him, that he died in vain on 1 September 1840 at the young age of 36.

(The "Systema Vegetabilium" 16th edition was published by Julius Hermann Schultes' father Josef August Schultes and his colleague Johann Jacob Roemer who was a famous physician and professor of botany in Zurich, Switzerland)

title: Julius Hermann Schultes


text:
Category talk:Linux

Untitled
Shouldn't some of this be pulled out and put in a GNU category? Seems duplicative, too. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.198.104.184 (talk) 20:10, 9 February 2005 (UTC)

Linux is just the Kernel. The article should reflect that in the wording and characterization —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.54.190.172 (talk) 12:05, 27 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Specifically because of this, the anomalie MkLinux might be mentioned or at least considered for mention. It was built on a Mach 3.0 microkernel, but ran linux for ppc binaries. Was it a "linux clone?" Cuvtixo (talk) 17:20, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Linux


text:
Cruiser Mk III

The Tank, Cruiser, Mk III, also known by its General Staff specification number A13 Mark I, was a British cruiser tank of the Second World War. It was the first British cruiser tank to use the Christie suspension system, which gave higher speeds and better cross-country performance; previous cruiser tank models had used triple wheeled bogie suspension.

Design and development
British cruiser tank design began with the Mk I and somewhat heavier Mk II in the mid-1930s. Just as prototypes were arriving in 1936, General Giffard LeQuesne Martel, a pioneer in tank design who had published works on armoured warfare and pioneered the lightly armoured "tankette" to enhance infantry mobility, became Assistant Director of Mechanization at the War Office.

Later that year, Martel witnessed demonstrations of Soviet tank designs, including the BT tank, which had been influenced by American J. Walter Christie's work. Martel urged the adoption of the Christie suspension and Christie's practice of using a lightweight aircraft engine, such as the Liberty Engine. The government authorized the purchase and licensing of a Christie design via the Nuffield Organization, rather than contact the Soviet authorities.

The vehicle obtained seems, on close examination of photographs, not to be Christie's prototype M1931 but a production "T3 Medium", the US Army having decided to replace this model c1934. Why this survivor was sent to Britain is unknown, though it is possible it was the only available example, hastily put into operable condition but minus its turret. On arrival it was given British War Department number T2086, the road registration BMX841 and the Mechanical Experimentation Establishment's experimental number 958. After trials it was sent to Morris Commercial Cars Ltd, Birmingham and disassembled for study, Lord Nuffield (head of the Morris companies) had already agreed to buy the patent rights that would allow his company to develop the design that would become the basis of the Cruiser Mk III (A13), extensively redesigned, enlarged and with several faults that Christie had not addressed rectified. A new company Nuffield Mechanization & Aero Limited was formed for the development and production of the design.

At a meeting of the General Staff, an official specification was determined, which included 30 mm armour, a 2-pounder gun and a road speed of 30 mph. A subsequent review of the specification by Martel and Percy Hobart approved 30 mm armour all round provided cross-country speed could be kept at 25 mph. Pending the delivery of the A13, an interim design was approved from the A7, A9 and A10, the A9 being selected. Orders for the resulting Mk. I's were limited pending the arrival of the A13.

The first prototype (A13E1) was delivered in 1937. Following the testing of two prototypes, the A13 was ordered into production. The original order was for 50 tanks; 43 had been delivered by the start of the war and 22 more in September–December 1939. The Mk III weighed 14 LT, had a crew of four, a 340 hp engine and a top speed of 30 mph and was armed with a 2 pounder gun and a machine-gun. When it was introduced into service in 1937, the army still lacked a formal tank division.

Combat history
Like most British cruisers, the A13 was fast but under-armoured and mechanically unreliable. As part of the British Expeditionary Force sent to France, the Cruiser Mark III equipped units in the 1st Armoured Division, but most were lost. A few were used in Greece and in the Western Desert 1940–1941 (Libya), where they equipped units of the 7th Armoured Division. The design was used as the basis for the Cruiser Mk IV.

title: Cruiser Mk III


text:
SDSS J090745.0+024507

SDSS J090744.99+024506.8 (SDSS 090745.0+024507) is a short-period variable star in the constellation Hydra. It has a Galactic rest-frame radial velocity of 709 km/s.

Its effective temperature is 10,500 K (corresponding to a spectral type of B9) and its age is estimated to be at most 350 million years. It has a heliocentric distance of 71 kpc. It was ejected from the centre of the galaxy less than 100 million years ago, which implies the existence of a population of young stars at the galactic centre less than 100 million years ago.

Christened by the astronomer Warren Brown as the "outcast star", it is the first discovered member of a class of objects named hypervelocity stars. It was discovered in 2005 at the MMT Observatory of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA), by astronomers Warren Brown, Margaret J. Geller, Scott J. Kenyon and Michael J. Kurtz.

title: SDSS J090745.0+024507


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Types of animals

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete, however I couldn't resist the cuteness of this page so I moved it to User:Ta bu shi da yu/Types of animals and reverted back to the original submission :-) Ta bu shi da yu 06:48, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Types of animals
There's nothing here we haven't already got in other articles (and better written). Can someone suggest where best to redirect it? Deb 20:17, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * delete evidence suggests this was written by a little kid. Delete, but let's be really nice about it. UPDATE: Keep as revised. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  20:41, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Aww, it's so cute. I'd hate to delete it, maybe move it to BJAODN. It's not something that can stay where it is, though. --Golbez 20:49, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Should have been given a speedy delete in the first place. How can you be really nice to an Anon and one who had just before this article, vandalised Introduction? -- RHaworth 21:42, 2005 Feb 9 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as sandbox escapee, but oh so gently. We should encourage more kids, especially ones who take the time to add wikis.  It's certainly a BJAODN candidate if it isn't considered cruel to place it there. - Lucky 6.9 22:13, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. - Jpo 00:45, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * I adore this article. Speedy it. Wyss 02:36, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I think this was an honest effort, and I think we can make a useful redirect or a disambiguation page out of it. Someone could easily type in "Types of animals." And RHaworth, looking at the edit history, I don't see what the problem is with those edits to Introduction. - RedWordSmith 03:14, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * A redirect or disambig is a great idea. Is that what finally happened to that "Pope hat" thingamawhatzit we were debating last week?  Oh, and thanks for the LOL, Wyss! - Lucky 6.9 03:39, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I've tried to make a disambig out of it, although I'm no biologist. Let me know what you all think. - RedWordSmith 04:20, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry - I've been caught by that before - that bit of Introduction is a sandbox. -- RHaworth 05:36, 2005 Feb 10 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure too sure it's a good idea to encourage 9-year olds to browse wikipedia, with some of the content it has, and the way pages on children's topics can link to adult ones. However, wikipedia seems to need an article to cover 'types of animal' so I vote keep unless someone does find a place to redirect to. Keep rewritten page, thank you RedWordSmith. Kappa 04:17, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Good point. Meantime, keep fine new disambig page. - Lucky 6.9 04:23, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Fairly useful disambig now. Keep.  -Sean Curtin 04:32, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, useful. Megan1967 06:03, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep now in its present revised state. —RaD Man (talk) 09:40, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * After monitoring this discussion, changing vote to delete. —RaD Man (talk) 17:34, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It is much better now than the original.   However, animals do not come in "types".  Other terms are used for the classification or taxonomy of animals.  Moreover, this is not a disambiguation page.   A disambiguation page is in order when several articles on different subjects would otherwise have the same title.   By the way, there is already an Animals article, which is itself a disamiguation page.   The current text would be an improvement over the text of Animals and could simply be merged there.  However, this page should be deleted and Types of animals should not be a redirect.   We shouldn't be in a big rush to create articles for every phrase or term that somebody might conceivably enter into a Google or Wikipedia search box. At present, if you do a search on "Types of Animals"+Wikipedia in Google, the first Google result is Animal, which is perfectly fine.  The article was created originally by a child, which is not strong evidence that "types of animals" is a phrase that warrants an article.    It is getting to be ridiculous how many articles are being created just because Wikipedia's search function is pathetic.   Encyclopedias have indexes, you know.  --BM 16:20, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Even after improvement, the article is hardly a legitimate discussion of animal classification, and simply muddies the waters where there is a legitimate taxonomy.  In what sense is an animal's conservation status its "type"?  This has no academic value.  Postdlf 16:53, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Postdlf, this is not a helpful article, more misleading than anything else, has no scientific basis at all. Wyss 17:07, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete As others have said, this article is not scientifically accurrate. It mixes different levels of taxonomy, and mixes different kids of categoreis, and gives so few examples in each case is does discuss as to be misleading. A total re-write could produce a useful page on Taxonomy of animals, except that that already exists. This was a nice try, but simply not up to the level of being encyclopeadic. DES 17:24, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I now withdraw my request for deletion. Deb 17:59, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Wikipedia does have a page on the taxonomy of animals, animal, but apart from types of animals there is nothing about any other possible ways of classing animals, or nothing that I can find.

Voting so far: Delete=8 Keep=4

Wyss 18:49, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I basically agree with BM, though I wouldn't terribly mind this being a redirect to animal or some article that may exist on animal taxonomy, but basically I think this is a delete (and the original should have been speedied). -R. fiend 20:20, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Type, class, and category are synonyms. There are many ways to classify animals other than Scientific Classification (which is addressed in the disambig) and the stub mentions several: Conservation status; relationships with humans such as Domesticated, Wild, Feral and Pet; Marine mammal. In addition: Working dog list several ways to classify dogs alone; Breed standard is another unscientific categorization of animals (see also List of horse breeds or maybe Cattle); animals are also typed by the biomes in which they live, desert animals, prairie animals, woodland animals, etc; and could identifed as Food or Game animals. -DialUp 06:28, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as above. It's a decent article but still needs more clarification. --Andylkl 07:36, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Please keep in mind that the original article amounted to a cute user test by a child, a borderline speedy if ever there was. Wyss 23:47, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Your honour, the defence submits that our client is a reformed character. Kappa 20:04, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Heh heh, methinks your client never needed reformin' ;) I adored her article, don't think much of this rescue attempt though. Wyss 22:13, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Comment: I really wonder how useful the existence of this page is. Nothing really links here, and I can't see anyone doing a search for "types of animals" (excepting an occasional 8 year old). Are we going to have pages for kinds of animals, sorts of animals, categories of animals, various animals, etc? It seems any useful information here that isn't already included in animal should be merged into that article under an animal classification section. -R. fiend 17:35, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Assuming it survives, the material can be merged into animal or made into a breakout, maybe renamed to examples of animals. Compare it with Animal. Kappa 00:19, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Category:Islands of Newfoundland and Labrador

Islands of Newfoundland and Labrador.

All these islands are on the North Atlantic Coast, except for Glover Island that is in a lake.


text:
Storm (Don Lawrence)

Storm is a science fiction / fantasy comic book series originally (and for most albums) drawn by Don Lawrence. It tells the adventures of an astronaut who accidentally gets lost in time. The series originated in Dutch, but has since been translated into many other languages.

Publication history
The storyline was originally conceived as a framework for stories in the "Deep World" revolving around the character Commander Grek. An episode (in which Commander Grek turns into a fish man) was written in 1976 by Vince Wernham and drawn by Don Lawrence, but it was not picked up by Dutch publisher Oberon. The story was later reworked by Philip "Saul" Dunn, now with the astronaut Storm as the main character. This version did get published by Oberon, serialized in the comics magazine Eppo in 1977. (In 1984, with the Storm series established as a success, the previously unreleased Commander Grek album was published as "Episode 0" of the series. The album includes background information regarding the inception of Commander Grek and Storm.)

Storm originated in Dutch, although all the books are translated into English and German, and some in at least twelve other languages (publishers in those languages include Oberon, Interpresse, Quality Communications, Glénat, and Norma Editorial). English translations are published in the Don Lawrence collection.

The Living Planet and The Slayer of Eriban were also published in Heavy Metal magazine in January 1997 and March 1999. The Navel of the Double God (2007) had an early publication in the Dutch magazine Myx.

Characters

 * Storm: an astronaut who accidentally got lost in time
 * Roodhaar (also known as Redhair, Carrots or Ember): a beautiful red-haired girl
 * Nomad: a hairless red-skinned muscle man; makes first appearance in The Chronicles of Pandarve (1983)
 * Marduk, the Theocrat of Pandarve: makes first appearance in The Chronicles of Pandarve (1983)

Overview
The series can be split into two parts: The Chronicles of the Deep World, which takes place on post-apocalyptical Earth, and The Chronicles of Pandarve, taking place in the Pandarve multiverse.

The Chronicles of the Deep World
Storm is an astronaut in the 21st century who makes a journey to the Great Red Spot of Jupiter. The Great Red Spot is an anticyclonic storm which has already been there for at least 300 years. Once arrived, his ship gets dragged into the storm. When Storm manages to escape, it seems he has traveled through time. The civilizations on Earth have collapsed and turned into a barbaric society. This is where the adventures of Storm begin.

Apart from albums 4, 5 and 6, each album is a separate adventure.

The Chronicles of Pandarve
Storm and Ember get beamed to the Pandarve multiverse, where they meet Nomad, and a new enemy: Marduk, the Theocrat of Pandarve. Marduk wants to catch Storm, because Storm is an anomaly (he imbalances the multiverse because he traveled through time) and is the key to give him power over the multiverse. The Pandarve multiverse is a bubble of breathable gas surrounding a white hole that contains Pandarve itself, and thousands of other planetary objects. The main body, Pandarve, is a giant telluric planet. On Pandarve, the normal physical laws are no longer valid; this gave Don and Martin room for incredible stories and magnificent scenery. Also, Pandarve is a living planet - which means it has intellect and can even interact with other beings. For this interaction she normally relies on her Theocrat, but she is also capable of creating a humanlike representation of herself as Alice from Alice in Wonderland.

Storm's two-time time travel history remains important to the stories, but as Ember has also travelled through time (in The Legend of Yggdrasil, they both arrive in a certain time period together), she is (or should be) an anomaly as well. This fact is never really used in the stories.

Other planets and planetoids in the Pandarve multiverse described in the chronicles are:
 * Farseid - a synthetic ring world controlled by robots. (The Robots of Farseid)
 * Eriban - a paradise-like planet containing the academy for slayers. (The Slayer of Eriban)
 * Kyrte - the small home-planetoid of tariev-fisher Rann. (The Pirates of Pandarve)
 * Marrow - a crystal-shaped planet, home of the Barsaman-games. (The Slayer of Eriban)
 * Red Tear - a satellite of Pandarve, a few kilometers above the ocean near the city Aromater. (The Seven of Aromater)
 * Vertiga Bas - a small pirate planet. (The Pirates of Pandarve)
 * Waterplanetoid - a fisher-world completely covered with water. (Vandaahl the Destroyer)

The last three albums (The Von Neumann Machine, The Genesis Equation and The Armageddon Traveller) form a trilogy wherein Storm & co and Marduk need to work together to save Pandarve from perdition. A strange, gigantic "spaceship" (referred to as the Intruder) is headed for a collision with Pandarve, which will mean the end of both entities. The "spaceship" consists of various "cocoons". Some time around the 21st century, one "cocoon" was sent into space with the purpose of making replicas of itself. But because of a system error, the strangest "cocoons" started to emerge (including one resembling Heaven and one the Hell from La Divina Commedia) and cluttered together instead of floating off. There are some references to well-known stories (Alice in Wonderland, Hänsel und Gretel, Sherlock Holmes, ..), movies (My Little Chickadee and other Western influences), celebrity actors (Marlene Dietrich and Marilyn Monroe, ..) and some mathematical theorems (the Genesis Formula, Goldbach's Conjecture and Fermat's Last Theorem).

Chronicles of Meanwhile
About the time when The Genesis Equation was published, a spin-off series was started, called Chronicles of Meanwhile. The episodes take place between albums 6 and 7 of The Chronicles of the Deep World. Three episodes were released, drawn by Dick Matena, the first two under his pseudonym John Kelly. By late 2022 Eppo magazine began to serialize the fourth and final episode after a 25-year hiatus.

Continuation

Three years after Don Lawrence died, a new team continued his work. Martin Lodewijk maintained the writer role, while Romano Molenaar and Jorg De Vos were selected as artists. Their first album The Navel of the Double God (De Navel van de Dubbele God) has been available since September 6, 2007 in Dutch. Storm 23 has already been reprinted and has given Storm a renewed international interest. The next album, titled Marduk's Springs, was released in February 2009.

Since July 2008 there has been a second team working on Storm: Minck Oosterveer as artist and Willem Ritstier as writer. Their first and only album was called The Exile of Thoem. The series was put on hold after Oosterveer died in a motorcycle-accident in 2011.

Chronicles of Ember
In 2014 Ember was given her own series chronicling the days before she met Storm, the first part was written Roy Thomas and drawn by Romano Molenaar, the current artist of Storm. From part 2, the series will be written by Rob van Bavel and each story will be pre-published in Eppo magazine.

 * 1 De legende van Krill (2014; written by Roy Thomas)
 * 2 De vijfde toren (2016; written by Rob van Bavel)
 * 3 De Ark van Noorach (2016; written by Rob van Bavel)
 * 4 Het Zwevende Gewest (2018; written by Rob van Bavel)
 * 5 De reuzen van het Gebroken Rif (2019; written by Rob van Bavel)

Prologue

 * 1)  Commander Grek - Prisoners of time (Commandant Grek  - Gevangenen van de tijd; 1976 - first print in 1984; written by Vince Wernham)

The Chronicles of the Deep World
Artwork by Don Lawrence

 * 1)  The Deep World  (De Diepe Wereld, 1978; written by Philip "Saul" Dunn)
 * 2)  The Last Fighter (De Laatste Vechter, 1979; written by Martin Lodewijk)
 * 3)  The People of the Desert (Het Volk van de Woestijn, 1979; written by Dick Matena)
 * 4)  The Green Hell (De Groene Hel, 1980; written by Dick Matena)
 * 5)  The Battle for Earth (De Strijd om de Aarde, 1980; written by Dick Matena)
 * 6)  The Secret of the Nitron Rays (Het Geheim van de Nitronstralen, 1981; written by Dick Matena)
 * 7)  The Legend of Yggdrasil (De Legende van Yggdrasil, 1981; written by Kelvin Gosnell)
 * 8)  City of the Damned (Stad der Verdoemden, 1982; written by Kelvin Gosnell)
 * 9)  The Creeping Death (De Sluimerende Dood, 1982; written by Don Lawrence)

The Chronicles of Pandarve
Written by Martin Lodewijk, artwork by Don Lawrence

Artwork taken over bij Romano Molenaar Writing taken over by Jorg de Vos Writing by Dick Matena Writing taken over by Rob van Bavel
 * 1) The Pirates of Pandarve (De Piraten van Pandarve, 1983)
 * 2) The Labyrinth of Death (Het Doolhof van de Dood, 1983)
 * 3) The Seven of Aromater (De Zeven van Aromater, 1984)
 * 4) The Slayer of Eriban (De Doder van Eriban, 1985)
 * 5) The Dogs of Marduk (De Honden van Marduk, 1985)
 * 6) The Living Planet (De Levende Planeet, 1986)
 * 7) Vandaahl the Destroyer (Vandaahl de Verderver, 1987)
 * 8) The Twisted World (De Wentelwereld, 1988)
 * 9) The Robots of Far Sied (De Robots van Danderzei, 1990)
 * 10) Return of the Red Prince (De Terugkeer van de Rode Prins, 1991)
 * 11) The Von Neumann Machine (De Von Neumann-Machine, 1993)
 * 12) The Genesis Equation (De Genesis-Formule, 1995)
 * 13) The Armageddon Traveller (De Armageddon Reiziger, 2001)
 * 1) The Navel of the Double God (De Navel van de Dubbele God, 2007)
 * 2) Marduk's Springs (De Bronnen van Marduk, 2009)
 * 3) The Red Trail (Het Rode Spoor, 2010)
 * 1) The Mutineers of Anchor (De Muiters van Anker, 2011)
 * 2) The Guards of the Tracks (De Wisselwachters, 2012)
 * 1) The Race of Opale City (De Race van Opaal, 2013)
 * 1) The Coral of Kesmee (Het Koraal van Kesmee, 2015)
 * 2) The Executioner of Torkien (De Beul van Torkien, 2017)

Chronicles of Meanwhile
Written by Martin Lodewijk, artwork by Dick Matena.

 * 1)  The Voyager Virus (Het Voyager Virus, 1996)
 * 2)  The Dallas Paradox (De Dallas Paradox, 1997)
 * 3)  The Stargorger (De Sterrenvreter, 1998)
 * 4)  Klein Space (De Ruimte van Klein, to be published)

Chronicles of the Outer Rim
Written by Willem Ritstier, artwork by Minck Oosterveer

 * 1) The Expatriate of Thoem (De Banneling van Thoem, 2011)

The Collection
The Deluxe volumes are hardback with a leather cover, gold imprint and dust jacket. Each bundle contains two albums and a part of the Storm-dossier "The Search for Storm". The last part also contains "Storm - The Big Picture" which gives an overview of Storm in the press, Storm expositions, the status of Storm in the modern comic scene and a portfolio. Only available in Dutch and English.

 * 1)  The Collection - Part 1 (contains The Deep World, The Last Fighter and The search for Storm - part 1, 2000)
 * 2)  The Collection - Part 2 (contains The People of the Desert, Green Hell and The search for Storm - part 2, 2000)
 * 3)  The Collection - Part 3 (contains The Battle for Earth, The Secret of the Nitron Rays and The search for Storm - part 3, 2001)
 * 4)  The Collection - Part 4 (contains The Legend of Yggdrasil, City of the Damned and The search for Storm - part 4, 2001)
 * 5)  The Collection - Part 5 (contains The Creeping Death, The Pirates of Pandarve and The search for Storm - part 5, 2001)
 * 6)  The Collection - Part 6 (contains The Labyrinth of Death, The Seven of Aromater and The search for Storm - part 6, 2002)
 * 7)  The Collection - Part 7 (contains The Slayer of Eriban, The Hounds of Marduk and The search for Storm - part 7, 2002)
 * 8)  The Collection - Part 8 (contains The Living Planet, Vandaahl the Destroyer and The search for Storm - part 8, 2002)
 * 9)  The Collection - Part 9 (contains The Twisted World, The Robots of Farseid and The search for Storm - part 9, 2003)
 * 10)  The Collection - Part 10 (contains Return of the Red Prince, The Von Neumann Machine and The search for Storm - part 10, 2003)
 * 11)  The Collection - Part 11 (contains The Genesis Equation, The Armageddon Traveler and The search for Storm - part 11, 2003)
 * 12)  The Collection - Part 12 (contains Commander Grek, Storm - The Big Picture and The search for Storm - part 12, 2003)

title: Storm (Don Lawrence)


text:
Dazdie

Dazdie was the tax paid by Romani state serfs in Bessarabia to the Russian Empire after the region was incorporated in 1812.

Roma state serfs were organised in 3 categories:
 * First class: owing annual taxes of 40 lei;
 * Second class: owing annual taxes of 20 lei;
 * Third class: consisting of the elderly, widows and orphans and owing no taxes.

Privately owned Roma serfs were not obliged to pay the tax.

The Roma serfs often emigrated to avoid state and private exploitation.

title: Dazdie


text:
Kōji Nakata

Kōji Nakata (中田 浩二) is a Japanese former professional footballer who played as a defender and midfielder. At international level, he represented Japan national team playing at both the 2002, and the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

Kashima Antlers
The 'other Nakata', as he is known to most non-Japanese fans, is a left-footed midfielder. A very versatile player, Nakata has established himself as one of the best defensive midfielders for Japan.

Nakata was born in Otsu on 9 July 1979. After graduating from high school, he joined Kashima Antlers in 1998. Japan national team players Masashi Motoyama, Mitsuo Ogasawara and Hitoshi Sogahata were Nakata's contemporaries. He debuted as defensive midfielder in first season and the club won the championship in the 1998 J1 League. From 2000, he became a regular player and constituted midfielder with Yasuto Honda, Bismarck, Motoyama and Ogasawara. In 2000, the club won all three major title in Japan J1 League, J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup. In 2001, the club won J1 League and he was also elected Best Eleven. The club also won 2002 J.League Cup.

Olympique Marseille
Nakata moved from Japanese Kashima Antlers to France at the start of 2005, when former Japan national team manager Philippe Troussier, then the Olympique de Marseille coach, signed him in a deal. After an understandably unhappy season in France (Troussier was sacked just a few months later), the frozen-out Nakata jumped at the chance to leave and early 2006 he moved to Switzerland's top team FC Basel.

Basel
On 1 February 2006, it was announced that FC Basel had signed Nakata on a two-and-a-half-year contract. He was the first Japanese player to sign for a Swiss top-flight club. He joined Basel's first team during the winter break of their 2005–06 season under head coach Christian Gross, who was in his seventh season with the club in that position. After playing in two test games, Nakata played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game in the St. Jakob-Park on 19 February as Basel played a 1–1 draw with Schaffhausen. Just one week later he scored his first goal for his new club on 26 February, also in a home game, it was the equaliser after Basel fell behind and eventually the team won 2–1 against Yverdon-Sport. Basel had started the season well and led the championship right until the last day of the league campaign. On the final day of the league season Basel played at home against Zürich. A last-minute goal from Zürich's Iulian Filipescu meant the final score was 1-2 in favour of the away team and it gave FCZ their first national championship since 1980–81. The title for Basel was lost on goal difference.

FC Basel's European campaign started in the first qualifying stage of the 2006–07 UEFA Cup, here they beat Kazakhi side FC Tobol 3–1 on aggregate. In the second qualifying round they were drawn against FC Vaduz from Liechtenstein, narrowly progressing on the away goals rule after a 2–2 aggregate draw. In the first round Basel won 7–2 on aggregate against FK Rabotnički to qualified for the group stage. Here Basel played their first match at home against Feyenoord, this ended in a 1–1 draw. Their second was away and FCB lost 3–0 against Blackburn Rovers. At home against AS Nancy the match was drawn 2–2 and the final game ended with a 3–1 defeat against Wisła Kraków. Basel ended the group stage in last position in the table and were eliminated. Nakata played in nine of these ten matches. Nakata scored another goal for the team on 15 October 2006 in the away game in the Stadion Breite, but it could not help the team, as Basel were defeated 4–2 by Schaffhausen. At the end of the 2006–07 Super League season Basel were runners-up, one point behind championship winners Zürich. Nakata played in 34 of the 36 league matches. In the Swiss Cup Basel advanced to the final, beating FC Liestal in the first round, Lugano, FC Baulmes, Aarau and Wil in the semi-final. In the final they played Luzern and won this 1–0 thanks to a penalty goal in the third minute of added time. Nakata played in five of the six cup games.

Basel played in the 2007–08 UEFA Cup. Winning both matches in the qualification round and both matches in the play-off round, they team advanced to the group stage, which they ended undefeated in second position, after playing 1–0 at home against Stade Rennes, 0–0 away against Dinamo Zagreb, 1–0 at home against Brann and 1–1 away against Hamburger SV, to continue the knockout stage. But then they were eliminated here by Sporting CP. Nakata played in five of these European games. At the end of the 2007–08 season he won the Double with the club. They won the League Championship title with four points advantage over second placed Young Boys. Nakata played in 18 of the 36 league games. In the Swiss Cup via FC Léchelles, SC Binningen, Grasshopper Club, Stade Nyonnais and in the semi-final Thun, Basel advanced to the final, and winning this 4–1 against AC Bellinzona they won the competition. Nakata played in three of the six games, including the final.

Nakata left Basel at the end of the season. During his time with the club, he played a total of 112 games for Basel scoring a total of six goals. 62 of these games were in the Swiss Super League, eight in the Swiss Cup, 14 in the UEFA Cup and 28 were friendly games. He scored three goals in the domestic league, two in the cup and the other two were scored during the test games.

Kashima Antlers
Nakata returned to Kashima Antlers in July 2008. He played at many defensive position, defensive midfielder, left side-back and center-back. The club won the champions 2008, 2009 J1 League, 2010 Emperor's Cup, 2011 and 2012 J.League Cup. He retired end of 2014 season.

International career
Although Nakata played as defensive midfielder at the club, he played as left-back of three backs defense at U20, U23 and senior national team under manager Philippe Troussier.

In April 1999, Nakata played for Japan U20 at 1999 World Youth Championship. He played all 7 matches with defender Kazuki Teshima and Shigeki Tsujimoto, and Japan won the 2nd place.

On 5 February 2000, Nakata debuted for Japan national team against Mexico. In September, he was elected U23 Japan for 2000 Summer Olympics. Although he played as regular player, he was hurt in third match against Brazil and he could not play after the match.

In 2001 and 2002, Nakata played all matches for Japan including 2001 Confederations Cup and 2002 World Cup. At Confederations Cup, Japan won the 2nd place. At 2002 World Cup, he played full-time all 4 matches.

After 2002 World Cup, Nakata played as defensive midfielder under new manager Zico. Although his opportunity to play decreased, he was elected Japan for many competition, 2003, 2005 Confederations Cup, 2004 Asian Cup and 2006 World Cup. At 2004 Asian Cup, he played 4 matches and scored 2 goals in semifinal and final, and Japan won the champions. He played 57 games and scored 2 goals for Japan until 2007.

Personal life
Nakata is married to actress, Nao Nagasawa, since 22 February 2014. The couple have 3 children.

International

 * Scores and results list Japan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Nakata goal.

Honours
Kashima Antlers
 * A3 Champions Cup: 2003
 * J1 League: 1998, 2000, 2001, 2008, 2009
 * Emperor's Cup: 2000, 2010
 * J.League Cup: 2000, 2002, 2011, 2012
 * Suruga Bank Championship: 2012, 2013

Marseille
 * UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2005

FC Basel
 * Swiss Super League: 2007–08
 * Swiss Cup: 2006–07, 2007–08
 * Uhren Cup: 2006

Japan
 * AFC Asian Cup: 2004
 * FIFA Confederations Cup runner-up: 2001

Individual
 * J. League Best Eleven: 2001
 * J. League Cup MVP: 2000

title: Kōji Nakata


text:
Zero Girl

Zero Girl is a five-issue comic book written and illustrated by Sam Kieth, and published by Homage Comics (an imprint of DC Comics).

Plot
The plot concerns high school student Amy Smootster, and her attempts to start a relationship with her guidance counselor Tim. Another plot thread follows her relationship with circles and squares – it seems that circular objects tend to help or defend her, while squares try to hurt her. All of this has something to do with her feet producing copious but never-defined fluid when she feels shame.

There was a five-issue follow-up story, set fifteen years later, called Zero Girl: Full Circle, which put Amy and Tim in the background and focused on Tim's daughter, Nikki.

Allusions
This work contains one reference to Kieth's most famous work, The Maxx – Tim describes that he bought his yellow bug from "that chick named Julie" (a character in The Maxx). When Amy asks for clarification, Tim replies, "That's another story".

The character "Jim" who makes a brief cameo in Zero Girl: Full Circle, is Sarah's friend Jimmy from The Maxx.

Editions
Both of the series have been collected into trade paperbacks:
 * Zero Girl, ISBN 1-56389-851-9
 * Zero Girl: Full Circle, ISBN 1-4012-0170-9

title: Zero Girl


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rigo Murillo3

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETED during debate as recreated content. jni 13:09, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Rigo Murillo
This article has been recreated as a non-copyvio. Still seems like vanity to me. RickK 07:54, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC) -- Update: see my notes below. Wile E. Heresiarch 07:18, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * STRONG KEEP my research has revealed strong suggestions of notability. If http://users.churchserve.com/tx/inspiringmusic/bio.html is true, he's worked with Ray Charles, Itzhak Perlman, Yo-Yo Ma, Jean Pierre Rampal and Doc Severinsen, and has played on several symphony orchestras.  If those aren't credentials for a notable classical musician, what is? Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  15:27, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. On closer reading, I suspect that link doesn't reveal quite the level of notability one would hope for.  The quote from the linked article is, "Throughout his career, he has shared [a] stage along with [such] world-acclaimed artists as...".  Presumably those highly notable artists appeared as soloists while Murillo was a member of the symphony orchestra behind them.  Even if Itzhak Perlman is at the front of the stage, I don't think it makes every member of the orchestra (thirty, fifty, a hundred musicians?) notable.  I would suggest that for a symphony orchestra (one noteworthy in and of itself), only the conductor and maybe the concertmaster are usually above the notability threshold for inclusion.  --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 19:08, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, thousands of string players have done studio sessions with famous people, this is an ad for a fiddle player. Wyss 19:24, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This was previously voted for deletion at VfD/Rigo Murillo (14 Jan 2005) and VfD/Rigo Murillo2 (24 Jan 2005). (The first discussion thread was repeatedly blanked by an anon contributor after the discussion closed.)  This article has also been speedy deleted.  Deletion Log shows:
 * 17:22, 4 Feb 2005 Ahoerstemeier deleted Rigo Murillo (content was: 'blah')
 * 17:19, 4 Feb 2005 Ahoerstemeier deleted Rigo Murillo (content was: 'Please, leave Wikipedia ALONE!!!')
 * 17:08, 4 Feb 2005 Fvw deleted Rigo Murillo (deleteagain)
 * 16:52, 4 Feb 2005 Fvw deleted Rigo Murillo (deleteagain)
 * 11:01, 31 Jan 2005 Wile E. Heresiarch deleted Rigo Murillo (per vfd; see: Votes for deletion/Rigo Murillo2)
 * 03:04, 21 Jan 2005 SimonP deleted Rigo Murillo (listed on VfD, found to be a copyvio)
 * There is a strong case to speedy delete as recreated content. RickK is probably right that this is just different enough to deserve consideration by the community one last time.  The best evidence of his experience that I could find was a page of his own website.  Even with those, it does not look like he meets the recommended music guidelines.  I'm inclined to delete.  Rossami (talk) 20:23, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Keep The current article is a reasonable basis for an article describing his career. What harm does it do? Just put him in the appropriate category or categories. Mr. Jones 20:50, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This may not be the place for this discussion, but the harm it does is that it undermines Wikipedia's encyclopedic authority in relation to what is notable and significant. People come to an encyclopedia not only to obtain facts about particular subjects, but to understand how the subject is important in relation to some broader context.   Paper encyclopedias have notability thresholds not only because they are "paper", but because the significance filter they apply is one of their most important functions.  Even though Wikipedia does not have those practical constraints, not being paper, it still should apply an importance metric in its selection of subjects and the amount of detail that it provides about them.    If someone does a search on Rigo Murillo and finds a long article, or even any article, about him in the Wikipedia, that person is entitled to believe that Wikipedia considers Murillo to be a notable musician.  The people trying to get vanity articles about themselves into an encyclopedia seem to understand this much better than some of the editors.  They want an article about themselves in the encyclopedia because it means they are important!  If an article doesn't seem to establish why its subject is important, then it will seem to the reader that the article is poorly written and the reader will wonder why it was in the encyclopedia.  If it later turns out that Rigo Murillo is not significant, the Wikipedia will seem unreliable, even if all the information in the article was correct, and a reader will be less inclined to trust its judgement about significance in the future, and perhaps even to question the factual accuracy of the articles.   This is why deletionists waste a lot of time trying to remove "trivia" and "vanity" from the Wikipedia.  It isn't because they are trying to save the project a few pennies on disk space.  --BM 22:20, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Culling information is not the way to tell people what is notable and significant, if an article has a properly written introduction that will do the job fine. Kappa 04:23, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * So you're saying that if it's well-written, any vanity is okay to keep? RickK 06:10, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not actually arguing to keep vanity articles, I just oppose the use of quantity of information as a shorthand for importance. While IMO pure vanity isn't really useful information, deletionists vote delete on subjects with verifiable information which significant numbers of people might want to look for. Kappa 07:41, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete... it's still non-notable vanity about a guy with 59 Google hits. Should that article's page be protected for a while so that it won't keep coming back? --Idont Havaname 04:44, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speed deleted as a repost of a previously-deleted article. The original was on vfd (Votes for deletion/Rigo Murillo), determined to be a copyvio, listed on the copyvio page, then rewritten as a non-copyvio. The non-copyvio version has already been deleted per vfd; see: Votes for deletion/Rigo Murillo2. The author has proven to be a determined vandal as well as a talented musician; unfortunately a desperate need for free advertising is incontrovertible evidence of nonnotability. Wile E. Heresiarch 07:18, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notabe - 55 Google hits, possible vanity. Megan1967 07:55, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * STRONG KEEP, There is nothing wrong with musicians' descriptions. This individual's accomplishments and reputation are worthy. --65.134.160.4 13:15, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for not meeting WikiProject:Music's guidelines for inclusion. Note that this judgement is based entirely off the comments on this VfD page, as the article in question doesn't exist at the moment.  If there is something I am missing that makes him notable, please let me know (I'll watch this page) and I will change my vote. Tuf-Kat 03:28, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Coffeemonster~enwiki

JFW | T@lk  20:24, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

PS I like your username!

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Coffeemonster. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Coffeemonster~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:05, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:41, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Coffeemonster~enwiki


text: User talk:68.225.101.36

title: User talk:68.225.101.36


text:
Talk:William Craig (Northern Ireland politician)

Untitled
Why is the word enemy in quotes in the quotation? Mr. Jones 20:25, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Ulster Nationalism
I believe I'm correct in saying Bill Craig was, certainly around the abolition of Stormont in 1972, a supporter of Ulster nationalism, advocating dominion status. Counter-revolutionary (talk) 16:06, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

Why did British Intel' try to kill him?
Why did British Intel' try to kill him while he drove his car thru a loyalist area?

Fmac. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.44.244.148 (talk) 10:52, 27 April 2011 (UTC)

If you could tell us when, and provide some sources, we might be able to help. 86.44.204.179 (talk) 06:52, 5 May 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
D. V. Gundappa

Devanahalli Venkataramanaiah Gundappa (17 March 1887 – 7 October 1975), popularly known as DVG, was an Indian writer, poet and philosopher in Kannada-language. He is one of the stalwarts of modern Kannada literature. His most notable work is the Mankuthimmana Kagga ("Dull Thimma's Rigmarole", 1943), which is similar to the wisdom poems of the late medieval poet Sarvajna.

Legacy
Published in 1943, Mankuthimmana Kagga is one of the best known of major literary works in Kannada. The title of this work can be translated as "Dull Thimma's Rigmarole". Facing life's challenges with cheerfulness, understanding everything as a divine play, recognizing our own and others needs, honoring human aspirations and dreams, working for noble causes and above all, dissolving our ego in mature thinking are among the great thoughts that the Kagga offers. Countless similes, metaphors and a multitude of choice expressions make the reading of the Kagga thoroughly delightful. Translated twice into English, this work also has its renderings in Hindi and Sanskrit. Throwing light on life in its various aspects, this inspiring literature sends out a positive message to all: live, learn, grow and be a blessing to your surroundings. DVG was a titan among Kannada writers, says Ranganatha Sharma. DVG's concern for society was incomparable and he was one of the great persons to serve ‘Kannadanadu’.

D. V. G wrote a sequel to Mankuthimmana Kagga, known as Marula Muniyana Kagga. Marula Muniyana Kagga is practically the extension of Mankuthimmana Kagga. These are the stray poems of DVG which have been collected together and published after his death. There are 825 poems in this book, 120 poems less than the number of poems in Kagga.
 * Like the growing tail of
 * Hanuman in Lanka,
 * Questions and problems keep
 * Surging forth for this talkative,
 * a stammerer, Marula Muniya

 * No Comic story is this Kagga, nor
 * It is an emotional outpouring,
 * Stuff it is for cogitation in mind,
 * Enjoy each poem, one at a time, Marula Muniya

He also wrote Srimad BhagavadGeeta Tatparya, also known as Jeevana Dharma Yoga, which has received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1967. Jeevanadharmayoga (yoga of everyday life) is an extraordinary piece of literature, which provides great solace and at the same time makes a commoner realize values of life, D.V.G has turned the great Hindu philosophical work into a common man's handbook of useful life.

Vasantha Kusumanjali was the first collection of poems of DVG. Poems on popular personalities such as nationalists, social reformers, administrators, philanthropists and their activities have been included in this collection. The pen pictures of Tilak, Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore, Visvesvaraya, Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Gandhi highlight the characteristic qualities of the personalities depicted. On the occasion of his birth centenary, all his works compiled in eleven volumes titled "D.V.G. Kriti Shreni", are jointly published by Department of Kannada and Culture and Karnataka Sahitya Academy. Very ably edited by late Dr. Ha.Ma. Nayak the volumes were published between 1990 and 2000. A second edition was brought out in 2005 CE.

DVG served as the president of the 18th Kannada Sahitya Sammelana (Literary Conference) held in Madikeri in 1932.

DVG was a pioneer in writing biography in Kannada. He knew well that human traits were basic material for both creative writing and writing of biography. The book Dadabhai Navaroji that he wrote in 1950 is in a way his experiment with biographical writing. The first biography of Rangacharlu by DVG virtually reveals the author's abounding interest in politics, his deep public sympathy and his faith firmly rooted in democracy. These very values of the author were reiterated in his second biography of Gopalakrishna Gokhale.

Other than the biography of Diwan Rangacharlu, the biography of Gopalakrishna Gokhale by DVG is a much appreciated one. Gopalakrishna Gokhale had immense influence on DVG. He was in total agreement with Gokhale's principle, namely, "Public life must be spiritualized". This very fact led him to found the Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs later. In the preface to the biography, DVG wrote "I have written this book to enuciate some principles, ends and means in which I have full faith, implementation of which would do good to the people and society." Gokhale lived a frugal life. This quality along with the undivided commitment to finish the works being undertaken, heavily influenced DVG throughout his life. The biography of Gokhale saw many reprints and it was also prescribed as a textbook. Selected lectures of Gokhale were later added to it.

DVG founded the Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs GIPA) located in Bull Temple Road, Basavanagudi and promoted fine arts of India. Sri Nittoor Srinivasa Rao, The then Chief Justice of Karnataka, Masti Venkatesa Iyengar, V.T.Srinivasan, the Principal of Vijaya College, Bengaluru were some of his close associates. DVG died on 7 October 1975. The road where his residence existed in Nagasandra road has been renamed as DVG Road in Basavanagudi.

Journalism
DVG started his career in journalism in 1906–07. He started Kannada newspapers "Bharat" and "Karnataka". DVG started a weekly called "Sumathi" and a publication division called "Sumathi Granthamale" under which a dozen small books were published in the course of eight months. The biography of Diwan Rangacharlu was highly appreciated out of these. "The Karnataka" started off as an English magazine to be published twice every week. With Diwan Visvesvaraya's help, he published the first issue of "The Karnataka" on 2 April 1913. After about a year, "The Karnataka" started publishing articles in Kannada. Many important books got an opening in the paper. The English paper earned him a lot of respect and honour from all quarters. DVG was forced to close the paper in 1921 due to want of sufficient support.

The book called Vrutta Patrike which was published in 1928 contained the codified quintessence of newspaper publication.

Among his books, the one on Political Science published in 1952 can be said to be his tour de force. The rich experience he earned through years of keen observation of state administration, deep study of books of important western political thinkers and his own political formulations have gone into the making of this book. This is the first book of its kind to be published in Kannada. It deals with a variety of subjects relating to formation of state, characteristics of a responsible government, the concept of freedom, freedom of the people, weaknesses of democracy, impact of franchise, fundamental rights and economic policies and principles. A comprehensive coverage apart, the book contained forthright expression of opinions, and is occupying libraries even now as an ideal book of reference for students of political science. In fact, D. V. Gundappa established the Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs (GIPA) at Bengaluru to facilitate a central meeting place for intellectuals, common folk, people with dissenting ideas and ideologies and critics to assemble under one roof to deliberate upon and discuss social issues with a democratic spirit. Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs is today chaired and managed by noted intellectual, writer and journalist S. R. Ramaswamy who shared a close proximity to D. V. G. for several years.

A nationalist shall not merely have control over the weaknesses of political nature but would cultivate the qualities of politeness and cordiality. Power without the fear of inquiry is like pickles without salt that would degenerate into a pit of worms, according to DVG. The fear of inquiry is the bodyguard of power administration. DVG has also written two books of the same genre, namely, Principles of Constitution and Probity in Public Life.

The first book traces the development of political science in the west in comparison with its growth in the east. It prescribes a standard of minimum education required for administration and citizens. The second one explains in delicate terms the political situation obtaining at present. It is normal nature of man not to exert himself. "Be relaxed, not to bother yourself, let it happen whatever that happens."

Awards and honours
Gundappa was awarded Padmabhushan by the Government of India in 1974. The State of Karnataka under Chief Minister Sri Veerandra Patil honored him for his services to Kannada literature in 1970 at Ravindra Kalakshetra, Bengaluru and awarded a purse of Rs 90,000. DVG donated the entire award money to the Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs. India Post issued a commemorative stamp of Dr. Gundappa in 1988.

He also Consider for Jnanpith Award by first selection board in 1965 but award is won by a Malayalam writer Sankara krupa.

In 2003, a statue was erected to honor DVG in Bugle Rock Park, Basavanagudi.

Poetry

 * Vasantha Kusumanjali (1922)
 * Nivedana (1942)
 * Kavite
 * Umarana Osage
 * Mankuthimmana Kagga
 * Marula Muniyana Kagga
 * Shri Rama PareekShaNaM
 * Antahpura Geete
 * Geetha Shaakuntala
 * Kethaki Vana (1973)
 * "Gauravisu Jeevanava"

Essays

 * Jeevana saundarya mattu saahitya
 * Saahitya Shakti

 * Baaligondu Nambike

Drama (ನಾಟಕ)

 * Vidhyaranya Vijaya
 * Jack ked
 * Macbeth
 * Kanakaaluka
 * Tilottamey

Biography

 * Diwan Rangacharlu
 * Gopalakrishna Gokhale
 * Vidyaranyara Samakaleenaru
 * Jnapaka chitra shaale 1 to Jnapaka chitra shaale 6
 * Halavu mahaneeyaru
 * Mysorina Divanaru
 * Kalopasakaruu

Political science

 * Rajyanga Tattvagalu
 * Rajakeeya Prasangagalu 1 & 2
 * Rajya Shastra
 * Vrutta Patrike
 * Principles of Constitution
 * Probity in Public Life

Spiritual

 * Purushasookta
 * Devaru
 * Rutha, Satya mattu Dharma
 * Ishopanishat

Children's literature

 * Indravajra
 * Bekkoji

 * Dewan Rangacharlu
 * Gopal Krishna Gokhale

e-Publications
Gokhale Institute of Public Affairs has brought out all publications of D. V. Gundappa in the form of eBooks.

title: D. V. Gundappa


text: User talk:162.78.70.210

title: User talk:162.78.70.210


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Timeline of the Axial World's History

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 00:18, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Timeline of the Axial World's History
"Axial World" appears to be a neologism, and the article Axial World was VfD'd (see Votes for deletion/Axial World). However, this article remains. No reason why this can't just go into Timeline of Middle Eastern History. -- Curps 20:27, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Golbez 20:47, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * "2005 BC: Deletion. of yet another timeline article." These "special timelines" articles are becoming tiresome. What's next, Square root of 3 ratio geometric series timeline? Phils 22:37, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, PoV history at its ugliest. Wyss 02:33, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I guess I was to quick about deleting it I guess some of it can be merged into Timeline of Middle Eastern History like Curps said, but if kept in this form, delete. Mgm|(talk) 11:24, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Without an article on Axial World this doesn't make sense. DJ Clayworth 18:50, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:DJ Diddlewitt

If you want to remain unnoticed you are not doing a good job. DJ Clayworth 20:28, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Blocked again because you reposted the same stuff to Republican Party of Kansas. DJ Clayworth 20:36, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This user is 60.20.28.21 returning and repeating vandalism. DJ Clayworth 20:36, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:DJ Diddlewitt


text:
Plan for Completion of Combined Bomber Offensive

The Plan for Completion of [the] Combined Bomber Offensive was a strategic bombing recommendation made by HQ USSTAF for the Allies of World War II to target Axis petroleum/oil/lubrication (POL) targets prior to the Normandy Landings.

The Plan
The plan was commissioned by a February 12, 1944 memorandum from F. L. Anderson (Deputy Commander, Operations) to include the following "By command of Lieutenant General SPAATZ":
 * a. Summary of the Status of the CBO
 * b. Study of Possible Target systems and Operational Policies.
 * c. Study of the Possibilities of Heavy Bomber Participation in Direct Support of OVERLORD.
 * d. Plans Supplementing the Combined Bomber Offensive Plan:
 * (1) For continuing the Strategic Air Offensive after destruction of GAF production.
 * (2) And for simultaneous support of OVERLORD in so far as conditions warrant at the moment. …

Spaatz (commander of the USAAF Eight Air Force) presented the plan to General Henry H. Arnold (Chief of the USAAF) on March 5, 1944. The plan stated that the operations to bring the German fighter force into a battle of attrition (operation Pointblank) instead of targeting industry "can best be achieved by attacks on objectives which are so vital to the German War Machine that they must defend them with everything they have, or face the rapid reduction of their military forces to impotence."

After the British Ministry of Economic Warfare and the U.S. Petroleum Attache endorsed the plan on March 6; Dwight D. Eisenhower decided on March 25, 1944, that the six months for priority bombing of oil facilities to have an effect on Operation Overlord was too long and instead, railway targets became the highest priority. This was carried out under the Transportation Plan.

Results of the plan adoption
Large-scale bombing of oil targets was permitted after May 12, 1944; oil targets became the highest bombing priority on September 4, 1944; and the bombing of oil targets was the decisive bombardment strategy in the European Theatre of World War II.


text:
Portal:Astronomy/Categories

Astronomy : Archaeoastronomy – Astronomical coordinate systems – Astrophysics – Calendars – Catalogues – Celestial mechanics – Citizen science – Cosmology – Images – Large-scale structure of the cosmos – Observatories – Planetary science – Telescopes – Universe

Biographies : Astronomers – Other people – Amateur Astronomers

Astronomical objects : Lists – Galaxies – Nebulae – Planets – Stars

Spaceflight : Human spaceflight – Satellites – SETI – Spacecraft

title: Portal:Astronomy/Categories


text: User talk:63.198.128.14

title: User talk:63.198.128.14


text:
Portal:Astronomy/Featured/April 2005

Io (eye'-oh, Greek Ιώ) is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter. It is named after the Greek mythological figure Io, one of the many lovers of Zeus (who is also known as Jupiter in the Roman mythology).

Although the name "Io" was suggested by Simon Marius soon after its discovery in 1610, this name and the names of the other Galilean satellites fell into disfavor for a considerable time, and were not revived in common use until the mid-20th century. In much of the earlier astronomical literature, Io is simply referred to by its Roman numeral designation as "Jupiter I", or simply as "the first satellite of Jupiter".

Recently featured: Black Hole

title: Portal:Astronomy/Featured/April 2005


text:
Foster, Rastrick and Company

Foster, Rastrick and Company was one of the pioneering steam locomotive manufacturing companies of England. It was based in Stourbridge, Worcestershire, now West Midlands. James Foster, an ironmaster, and John Urpeth Rastrick, an engineer, became partners in 1816, forming the company in 1819. Rastrick was one of the judges at the Rainhill Trials in 1829. The company was dissolved on 20 June 1831.

Origins
James Foster was the half-brother of John Bradley who founded the company John Bradley & Co, taking a lease on land near the canal at Stourbridge in 1800 with the aim of developing an ironworks. The deed of partnership for the company was drawn up in 1802 which granted a share in the company to Bradley's six half-brothers and sisters. By 1813 only John Bradley and James Foster had shares in the company and on Bradley's death in 1816, James Foster took control of the enterprise, which included the Stourbridge Iron Works.

John Urpeth Rastrick was an engineer born in 1780 at Morpeth in Northumberland. After finishing an apprenticeship with his father, which included work on steam engines, he worked first at the Ketley Ironworks and subsequently worked in partnership with John Hazledine of Bridgnorth. In 1808 he constructed a locomotive for Richard Trevithick and subsequently constructed a bridge at Chepstow (opened 1816). Shortly afterwards (1817) Rastrick left the partnership with Hazledine's company and moved to West Bromwich.

In June 1819 Rastrick and James Foster agreed to form the firm Foster, Rastrick & Company at a site next to the Stourbridge Iron Works. A new foundry was constructed from 1820-1821 to produce products for the partnership.

Products
The company produced a variety of engineering products including steam engines, proving machines for chain cable, saws, mills, and boilers. It also produced structural components for buildings, bridges and gas works. It had the facilities to produce cast industrial components including beams, cylinders and flywheels as well as some household items. In 1825 it listed railway components in a catalogue of products including rail, railway sleepers and railway chairs.

Locomotives
At the end of the 1820s, Foster, Rastrick and Company produced steam locomotives intended for two railways: one in the USA and one just a few miles from the works at Stourbridge. The local opportunity had arisen after an agreement between James Foster and Francis Downing, the mineral agent of John William Ward, the 4th Viscount Dudley and Ward. The parties agreed to build a three-mile railway linking coal mines in the Shut End area with a purpose-built canal basin at Ashwood on the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal. In America, at about the same time, the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company were developing a rail and canal link between coal mines at Carbondale and the Hudson River. The Foster, Rastrick and Company built only four steam locomotives (each one having vertical cylinders, placed at the back and each side of the furnace, with grasshopper beams and connecting-rods from them to the crankpins in the four coupled wheels). Three were sent to America and one to the Kingswinford Railway in the Black Country.

For America
The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company built a canal of total length 108 miles from Rondout on the Hudson River to Honesdale near a coal-bearing region named Carbondale. The canal was finished in 1828 but in order to connect the mines to the canal, the Chief Engineer of the project, John Jervis, planned to construct a railway of around 16 miles in length. Jervis entrusted an assistant, Horatio Allen, who was already planning to visit England, to purchase rail and a locomotive. In the end, Allen bought four locomotives, three from Foster, Rastrick and Company and one from Robert Stevenson & Co.

Of the Foster, Rastrick and Company engines, the Stourbridge Lion built in 1828, was the first locomotive to run on rails in America. It was shipped from Liverpool in April 1829. Two others, named Delaware and Hudson were supplied later that year. The Stourbridge Lion was tested on blocks on May 28, 1829. In July of that year it was sent to Honesdale by boat. Its first test on the railway took place on 8 August 1829 when it ran on 3 miles of track. It quickly became apparent that the track was not stable enough to bear the weight of the locomotive and after a second on September 8, 1829, it was decided not to use the locomotives. The railroad was subsequently operated using gravity, stationary engines and horse power.

For England
The fourth locomotive, Agenoria, was built for service on the Earl of Dudley's Shutt End Colliery Railway in Kingswinford, Staffordshire. It weighed 11 tons, had four coupled wheels of 4 ft ¾in diameter and two cylinders of 8.5 inches diameter by 36 inches stroke. Agenoria was probably the first locomotive to use mechanical lubrication for its axles. The boiler was 10 feet in length and four feet in diameter. The locomotive featured an extremely tall chimney of height 14 feet and 4 inches - this being the most immediately obvious difference between Agenoria and The Stourbridge Lion, which had a shorter chimney. The railway opened on 2 June 1829, the opening being described in Aris's Birmingham Gazette. The track, of standard gauge, was around three miles in length but featured two inclined planes that were too steep for the Agenoria to climb so the locomotive worked about two miles of near-level track. On the opening day, which according to Aris's Gazette, took place "amidst an immense concourse of spectators from the surrounding country", the locomotive first pulled eight carriages filled with 360 passengers along the level section at a rate of 7.5 miles an hour. For its next demonstration it was attached to twenty carriages, twelve of which carried coal whilst eight carried passengers. For this test it travelled at 3.5 miles an hour.

Unlike the company's first three steam locomotives it had a long life, being withdrawn from service in c. 1864. After a period of neglect, the locomotive was rediscovered disassembled and covered with rubbish. The person who rediscovered it, Mr. E.B. Marten, obtained the permission of the owner William Orme Foster to reassemble the engine and display it at an exhibition in Wolverhampton in 1884. After the exhibition, Foster presented the locomotive to the Science Museum (London) in December 1884 and it is now on permanent display at the National Railway Museum in York.

Dissolution
Although pioneering, the company's locomotive designs were almost immediately outdated upon the arrival in 1829 of Robert Stephenson's Rocket, the locomotive which virtually set the pattern for the rest of the steam age. Ceasing locomotive work, the company was officially dissolved on 20 June 1831, its assets being absorbed into the Stourbridge Iron Works of John Bradley & Co. (iron manufacturer and owner of several coal mines), where James Foster was already the major partner and after 1832 the sole owner.

The factory building today
The original factory building in Lowndes Road where Stourbridge Lion and Agenoria were built is still standing, although near to collapse from a fire in 2004. Its renovation began in 2012 to house (with a new adjoining building) a Stourbridge medical practice, which will be known as the Lion Medical Practice. Lion Medical Practice opened during April 2014.

title: Foster, Rastrick and Company


text:
Marlin Fitzwater

Max Marlin Fitzwater (born November 24, 1942) is an American writer-journalist who served as White House Press Secretary for six years under U.S. Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, making him one of the longest-serving press secretaries in history. He is the only U.S. Press Secretary to be appointed by two different U.S. Presidents (Stephen Early and Pierre Salinger served as transition press secretaries for a few weeks and a few months, respectively).

Early life and education
Fitzwater was born in a Salina, Kansas hospital; his family's farm was in Dickinson County. He attended school in Abilene, Kansas from kindergarten to his graduation in 1960. He received a degree in journalism from Kansas State University in 1965. Fitzwater became a member of Delta Tau Delta fraternity. While in school, he worked at newspapers (Lindsborg News Record, Abilene Reflector-Chronicle, Manhattan Mercury, and Topeka Capital Journal) in various Kansas communities before moving to Washington, D.C. upon graduation.

In 1966, he joined the District of Columbia Air National Guard and served in munitions maintenance as an airman third class in the 113th Tactical Fighter Wing at Andrews Air Force Base. He spent two years on active duty from 1968 to 1970 with service at Homestead Air Force Base, MacDill Air Force Base, Myrtle Beach Air Force Base.

Career in the government
In Washington, Fitzwater served at various federal agencies, including the Appalachian Regional Commission (1965–67), the U.S. Department of Transportation (1970–72), and the Environmental Protection Agency (1972–80). He was the spokesman who explained the toxic waste disposal problem in America and developed the public information activities related to disaster sites like Love Canal in New York State. Fitzwater was named Outstanding Civil Servant in government in 1980. He served as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs at the Department of the Treasury from 1981 to 1982.

Fitzwater headed to the White House in 1983 and served until 1993: He served in the Reagan White House as president's spokesman under the title Assistant to the President for Press Relations from 1987 to 1989, until Reagan left office in 1989. He served under George H.W. Bush as Assistant to the President and Press Secretary, later as communications director "Counselor to the President President Bush, until Bush left office in 1993.

Assistant to the President for Press Relations under Reagan
When James Brady was shot in the assassination attempt on President Reagan on March 30, 1981, Brady was unable to return to work, though he retained the title of Press Secretary for the duration of Reagan's term.

Fitzwater served as the president's spokesman during this period, under the title of Assistant to the President for Press Relations. He served in this capacity until Reagan left office in 1989.

When Mikhail Gorbachev first visited the United States, in Reagan's first term, Fitzwater gave joint press briefings with his Soviet counterpart. Over 7,000 journalists attended them.

Press Secretary under George H.W. Bush
When George H. W. Bush took over as president in 1989, Fitzwater was again tapped to be the presidential spokesman, this time with the title of Assistant to the President and Press Secretary. Later in the administration, Fitzwater became communications director for about a year under the title Counselor to the President.

Later years
Fitzwater was awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal, the nation's second-highest civilian award, in 1992.

He worked on The West Wing as a writer-consultant for two seasons.

In 2002, he founded the Marlin Fitzwater Center for Communication at Franklin Pierce University in Rindge, New Hampshire.

Personal life
Fitzwater married Melinda Andrews in 1999. He was previously married to Linda Kraus, with whom he has two children, Bradley and Courtney. He lives in Deale, Maryland, a village on the Chesapeake Bay.

Fitzwater has been profiled numerous times on television and has appeared on Meet the Press, Face the Nation, Larry King Live, and nearly all national news broadcasts.

Nonfiction

 * Fitzwater, Marlin. Calm Before The Storm: Desert Storm Diaries and Other Stories. Sea Hill Press, 2019. (ISBN 978-1-937720-47-6)
 * Call the Briefing! is a best-selling memoir of ten years in the White House; called the textbook of White House press relations.
 * Fitzwater, Marlin. Call the Briefing!: Bush and Reagan, Sam and Helen: A Decade with Presidents and the Press. Holbrook, MA: Adams Media, 1996. ISBN 9781558506374.

Fiction

 * Lawson, Robert with Marlin Fitzwater. Empires Fall.  A stage play about President George H.W. Bush and Gen. Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev. 2001.
 * Fitzwater, Marlin. Esther's Pillow: A Novel PublicAffairs, 2001. ISBN 978-1586480356
 * Fitzwater, Marlin. Death in the Polka Dot Shoes CCB Publishing; 1 edition (July 1, 2011) CCB Publishing; 1 edition (July 1, 2011)

title: Marlin Fitzwater


text:
User:Flamurai/Images

Images I uploaded and possibly modified, but did not create
Image:Miracle on Ice - podium.jpg Image:Miracle on Ice - Herb Brooks.jpg Image:Miracle on Ice - Eruzione tees up goal.jpg Image:Miracle on Ice - Eruzione goal celebration.jpg Image:Miracle on Ice - Craig looking for father.jpg Plus corporate logos too numerous to list

title: User:Flamurai/Images


text: User talk:169.204.208.96

title: User talk:169.204.208.96