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Silverstein (band)

Silverstein is a Canadian rock band from Burlington, Ontario, formed in 2000. Their band name is a reference to the famous children's author Shel Silverstein, who the band had admired and whose work they had read as children. They have released a total of 11 studio albums, seven EPs, a compilation album and a live DVD/CD.

The band achieved moderate success with their second studio album, Discovering the Waterfront, which was nominated for a Juno Award and reached No. 34 on the Billboard 200 charts, with the following two albums charting at similar positions. Silverstein has sold over one million albums worldwide.

Silverstein's lineup remained unchanged from December 2001 to September 2012, then consisting of lead vocalist Shane Told, lead guitarist Neil Boshart, rhythm guitarist Josh Bradford, bassist Billy Hamilton, and drummer Paul Koehler. In September 2012, the band had announced that Neil Boshart had been fired and replaced by Paul Marc Rousseau, who also joined Billy Hamilton on backing vocals.

The band left long-time record label Victory Records in 2010. Following a period with Hopeless Records and another with Rise Records, they are now signed to UNFD.

The band released their tenth studio album, A Beautiful Place to Drown, in March 2020. This was nominated for a 2021 Juno award in the “Best Rock Album” category. Misery Made Me, the band's eleventh studio album, was released on May 6, 2022.

Early years and When Broken Is Easily Fixed (2000–2004)
Silverstein formed in February 2000. They self-released their first EP, Summer's Stellar Gaze, in August that year. After several lineup changes, the band acquired Billy Hamilton, a local fan who learned of the band's need for a bassist on the Internet message board "The 905 Board" (an Ontario area outreach board which used to be for local musicians). In December 2000, he joined the band after Told helped him learn the music for the songs. Following a rehearsal on Boxing Day (26 December) in 2000, he officially debuted with Silverstein. The next spring, original guitarist Richard McWalter left the band to move to Victoria, British Columbia, to study engineering. He was then replaced by Neil Boshart, childhood friend of Shane Told. The new lineup recorded a second EP, When the Shadows Beam, in preparation for their first tour in Eastern Canada. The band signed to Victory Records in October 2002 with a complete lineup as Hamilton attempted to complete his secondary education one semester early.

The following January the band went into the studio to record their first full-length debut album, When Broken Is Easily Fixed. It was recorded at Unity Gain and Mount Fairview studios, with producer Justin Koop and was released on 20 May 2003 through Victory Records. Six songs were re-recorded versions from Silverstein's previous EP's; Summer's Stellar Gaze and When The Shadows Beam. When Broken Is Easily Fixed sold over 200,000 copies, surpassing the expectations of the band.

"Silverstein's Victory debut is a jarring mixture of emo's earnest determination, elements of hardcore, and the heaviest of heavy metal. While vocalist Shane Told delivers lines like 'How can I say I love you back, you never made me happy' in a cracked, soaring singing voice, When Broken Is Easily Fixed actually begins with a ragged scream that's as arresting as his singing is plaintive. Musically, the LP is dominated by the dynamic shifts and driving melodies of emo. But Silverstein's membership was derived from existing hardcore, metal, and punk squads, and these fragiles are never very far from view. 'Last Days of Summer' begins as a June day ends, with shuffling percussion and gently strummed guitars. But just as the fragile strains of a violin drift in, Told's growling, scarred alter ego appears behind his singing self."

Discovering the Waterfront (2005–2006)
In August 2005 the band's second studio album, Discovering the Waterfront, was released through Victory Records. It was the first album to be produced by Cameron Webb, and marked the beginning of a long relationship between the band and the American producer. It also marked a shift in sound from When Broken Is Easily Fixed, with faster-paced and more energetic songs, and with the band also incorporating more punk rock aspects into their music. Told's clean and unclean vocals had matured since their previous effort. Discovering The Waterfront opened the band up to a wider audience, with the music video for the first single "Smile in Your Sleep" receiving airplay on stations such as FUSE and IMF. The album sold 26,229 copies in its first week.

In 2005, the band performed on the Never Sleep Again Tour with bands such as Aiden, Hawthorne Heights and Bayside—a tour during which Bayside's drummer John "Beatz" Holohan was then killed in a road accident. The song, Here Today, Gone Tomorrow, on their following album, Arrivals and Departures, was written about Holohan's death, and his relationship with the band. In January–February 2006, they toured with fellow Canadians Simple Plan in Europe. They then toured Canada with the Taste of Chaos Tour, and also toured Europe, Japan, and Australia. They also performed at the Give It A Name festival at Earls Court & MEN Arena in Britain, opening the main stage.

The band also toured on the 2006 Vans Warped Tour, debuting on the main stage in support of Discovering the Waterfront and a compilation album, 18 Candles: The Early Years. The Early Years compiles the band's first two self-financed EPs along with various alternate versions of songs from their first two studio albums, including a dance remix of "Smile In Your Sleep" and an acoustic version of "My Heroine". Discovering the Waterfront was re-released in September 2006 with an extra song, the band's cover of Lifetime's "Rodeo Clown" and a DVD including music videos, a making of featurette and a live set from the Never Sleep Again Tour, in Chicago.

In 2006, Silverstein was nominated for a Juno Award in the "Best New Band" category, but lost to Bedouin Soundclash.

In Fall 2006, they headlined the Never Shave Again Tour, along with Aiden, It Dies Today, and He Is Legend.

Arrivals & Departures (2007–2008)
The band's third full-length album, Arrivals And Departures, was released on 3 July 2007, and was designated by AP Magazine as one of the most eagerly anticipated CDs of 2007. Mark Trombino (Jimmy Eat World, Blink-182, Finch) produced the CD. The album sold 27,000 copies in its first week. Silverstein also contributed a new acoustic version of their song "Red Light Pledge" to the Punk Goes Acoustic 2 compilation, released 8 May 2007 through Fearless Records.

Upon completion of their third studio album, the band played a few shows in the spring, and then engaged in an all-summer tour with Rise Against. They also toured the United States in Fall 2007 with From Autumn to Ashes and then went on a month-long European tour with Blessthefall.

Following tours of Australia and Japan in January 2008, they played their first "Cross-Canada" headlining tour with Protest the Hero, Ill Scarlett and The Devil Wears Prada, which sold out across the country. In addition, they completed a U.S. tour with A Day to Remember, Protest the Hero and The Devil Wears Prada, during which Protest the Hero dropped off the tour and Pierce the Veil took over for them on a few show dates. After heavy touring for their album, Arrivals and Departures, in Canada, the US, the UK, and other areas in Europe during late 2007 and early 2008, which included the band's 1000th show in Paris, the band took the summer off. In a news post on their site, Silverstein's Paul Koehler said the band was "taking a bit of downtown time to write a new album!"

In October and November 2008, the band toured the United States (with a final show in Toronto) with Chiodos, Escape the Fate, Alesana, and A Skylit Drive, during which they performed the newly written song "Broken Stars", also made available as a demo on their Myspace page. The band played a South American tour in February followed by one show in Hawaii and festival dates in Australia.

A Shipwreck in the Sand (2009–2010)
On 14 December 2008, the band announced by Myspace bulletin that their fourth album would be released by 31 March 2009. The name of the new album, A Shipwreck in the Sand, was announced on 29 January 2009, when the band concluded a viral marketing campaign by announcing the track listing via an album website, also revealing it would be a concept album. Along with the demo of "Broken Stars", which the band had been performing during their final U.S. tour in support of "Arrivals and Departures", short clips of the songs "Vices", "Born Dead" and "American Dream" were made available on MySpace On 17 March, the band filmed a music video for "Vices" with director Robby Starbuck. Later, on 23 March 2009, the band posted the full album to stream on their official MySpace page.

A Shipwreck in the Sand was released on 31 March 2009 and sold nearly 17,000 copies in its first week. The iTunes version of the album includes four bonus cover songs, "Help!" (The Beatles cover), "Go Your Own Way" (Fleetwood Mac Cover), "Three Miles Down" (Saves The Day cover), and "Total Bummer" (NOFX cover).

Silverstein contributed a cover version of "Apologize", originally recorded by OneRepublic, to the Punk Goes Pop 2 compilation album.

After three shows in Ontario, the band embarked on a U.S. tour with Norma Jean, Before Their Eyes, and Blessthefall. The band then played several shows on the continent of Europe, and completed a UK tour supporting the Welsh band The Blackout, along with We Are The Ocean, Hollywood Undead and The Urgency. The band completed a small-market tour in Ontario and the Midwestern United States, and played a brief stint on Warped Tour, followed by a show in Anchorage, Alaska, and a cross-Canada tour with A Day To Remember, Ten Second Epic, I Am Committing A Sin and an appearance on some dates by Kingdoms. They played Europe supporting Billy Talent starting 16 November in Bielefeld, Germany through 4 December 2009 in Winterthur, Switzerland. They played four shows in Toronto from 18 to 21 March 2010, with each show featuring an album in full. They have also announced that they will be playing on the Toursick tour with A Day To Remember, August Burns Red, Enter Shikari, Veara, and Go Radio from March–May 2010.

On 15 March 2010, Silverstein announced through their official MySpace blog that they would be filming four exclusive Toronto shows, during which they would be playing their entire discography, to be released as a live DVD, revealed on 23 April to be titled Decade (Live at the El Mocambo) and was released on 8 June 2010.

The following summer Silverstein headlined the Scream It Like You Mean It tour, along with Emery, We Came As Romans, Dance Gavin Dance, I Set My Friends On Fire, Sky Eats Airplane, Ivoryline, and Close to Home. The first date of the tour also featured the bands The Devil Wears Prada, Miss May I, and Your Demise and took place at the Starland Ballroom.

Transitions, Rescue and Short Songs (2011–2012)
A quote from Shane Told on 11 July 2010, "We have a new album coming out real soon. We wish we could release it tonight, but are scheduled to release early next year." Told also said that the band has written 16 songs so far for the new record, and that the album will be released at some time next year.

On 8 October 2010, online rumors spread about their new album reportedly being titled Set This All Ablaze, and that it would again be released through Silverstein's long time label, Victory Records. The band later rejected the rumor that the new album will be titled Set This All Ablaze, although they did confirm their departure from Victory. However, as of the first week of October 2010, Silverstein's official website contained a banner stating Set This All Ablaze. On 17 September 2010, Silverstein were confirmed to be playing in Australia, for Soundwave, in 2011. This will be the band's second Soundwave Festival.

On 15 November, Silverstein announced on Facebook that they have signed with Hopeless Records in the USA/Europe/Japan and with Universal Music in Canada. They also said that a new EP entitled Transitions will be released 7 December and will feature two songs from their new album coming out next year as well as three additional b-sides. In response to a fan on Tumblr, Shane Told described the new music as "a cross between Discovering the Waterfront and A Shipwreck in the Sand". On 3 December 2010, the band posted the first single, Sacrifice, off of the new EP. On 4 February 2011, the band played a free show in Toronto, with Robby Starbuck filming the entire performance for a music video for a song on the upcoming album titled 'The Artist'. A guest vocalist was also present for the filming, who was later revealed to be Brendan Murphy from Counterparts. It was also revealed in response to a question on the band's Formspring that he will feature in the yet to be released studio version of the track. On 9 February 2011, Silverstein confirmed on their Facebook and Tumblr that their new album will be called Rescue. Shane Told also confirmed via the band's Formspring that Martin Wittfooth, the artist and friend of the band responsible for all four of the band's album artwork, had once again painted the album artwork. On 15 February 2011, the band posted the album artwork for Rescue on their official Facebook page. On 19 February 2011, 89X Radio aired a new song from the band named "Burning Hearts". On 22 February 2011, in response to a fan on Facebook, the band stated that they were not releasing a traditional lead single from the new album, and that they had made three music videos so far. They then went on to state that the new record has "tons of screaming and breakdowns". The album, Rescue, was released on 26 April 2011. Silverstein has also recorded a song featuring Ryan Key of Yellowcard called "Stay Posi" (Stay Positive) for the Take Action! Vol 10. Compilation.

On 17 October 2011, the band posted a new video on their YouTube channel about an upcoming release. They announced that are in process of recording a new album called Short Songs with producer Jordan Valeriote, scheduled for release on 7 February 2012. They also said that the EP will contain 22 songs under 90 seconds with half songs being covers of punk songs that influenced them. Silverstein contributed a cover version of "Runaway", originally recorded by Kanye West, to the Punk Goes Pop 4 compilation album, released on 21 November 2011. On 1 December 2011, the band streamed two songs off Short Songs, "SOS" and "Brookfield", as well as their covers of Green Day's "The Ballad of Wilhelm Fink" and NOFX's "It's My Job to Keep Punk Rock Elite" on PunkNews.

Boshart's departure and This Is How the Wind Shifts (2012–2014)
The band announced that they would be playing 10 shows in August in the United States and Canada supporting Short Songs during which they would play the album in its entirety as well as a greatest hits set. Called the SHORT TOUR, it ran from 16 to 26 August 2012. On the SHORT TOUR, the band annouced that they would release a new album in 2013. On 25 September 2012, the band announced that Neil Boshart had left the band after 11 years. He was replaced by ex-I Am Committing A Sin guitarist Paul Marc Rousseau. Told claimed that Boshart's replacement was due to many years of growing apart, stating that there was very little contribution from him on Short Songs.

On 26 November 2012, the band announced that their sixth studio album would be titled This Is How the Wind Shifts and would be released on 5 February 2013. A few hours later they also released the first single, titled "Stand Amid The Roar". On 8 March 2013, the band announced they would be playing the entire Warped Tour 2013. On 20 April 2013, they released a split 7-inch EP with August Burns Red for Record Store Day, covering Coming Clean by The Get Up Kids. The release was limited to 500 vinyl copies. On 20 May 2013, they released a re-recorded version of "Smashed Into Pieces" for the 10-year anniversary of When Broken Is Easily Fixed. On 24 September 2013, Silverstein announced This Is How The Wind Shifts: Addendum and released a new song entitled I Will Illuminate. The re-release was released on 15 October 2013 and brought the total track list of This Is How The Wind Shifts to 21. It contains two new songs, the acoustic songs from the deluxe version of the album, a "voice note" version of Arrivals and a mix of the two songs This Is How and The Wind Shifts.

I Am Alive in Everything I Touch (2015–2016)
Silverstein began 2015 with a 10th anniversary tour in celebration of their 2005 sophomore album Discovering the Waterfront. The tour will be 38-dates from January through February across North America. The band's seventh studio album I Am Alive In Everything I Touch was released on 19 May 2015. Coinciding with the album's announcement, Silverstein released a music video for the track "A Midwestern State of Emergency."

Dead Reflection (2016–2018)
On 13 October 2016, Silverstein announced the streaming "Ghost" on SiriusXM. Later that day, they released the music video on YouTube and the song on iTunes, stating on social media that the upcoming studio album will be released in 2017. On 18 May 2017, Silverstein released the second single from the record, "Retrograde", as well as announced the track listing and title of the record, "Dead Reflection", which was released on 14 July 2017. Dead Reflection was released worldwide on 14 July 2017.

Redux: The First Ten Years and LIVE: When Broken 15 Easily Fixed (2018–2019)
In late 2018, Silverstein embarked on the When Broken 15 Easily Fixed Tour, a tour celebrating the 15th anniversary of the band's debut album When Broken Is Easily Fixed by playing the album in its entirety plus a set of greatest hits. The tour would run throughout the US & Canada from 9 November 2018 to 31 January 2019 with support from Hawthorne Heights, As Cities Burn, and Capstan.

On 18 February 2019, Silverstein announced a retrospective album titled, Redux: The First Ten Years, which features newly recorded versions of selected songs from their first four studio albums. It was released on 12 April 2019. On 11 November 2019, Silverstein announced a live album, LIVE: When Broken 15 Easily Fixed, which features live versions of all ten tracks from the band's debut album When Broken Is Easily Fixed recorded throughout the band's When Broken 15 Easily Fixed Tour. This marks the second self-released full-length album from Silverstein in 2019, after Redux: The First Ten Years. It was released on 29 November 2019.

A Beautiful Place to Drown (2019–2020)
On 27 June 2019, Silverstein released a new single featuring Beartooth's vocalist Caleb Shomo titled "Burn It Down", followed by another single on January 8 titled "Infinite", featuring Underoath's clean vocalist/drummer Aaron Gillespie. On March 3, 2020, the band released another new single titled "Madness", featuring Princess Nokia, and A Beautiful Place to Drown was released on March 6, 2020.

Misery Made Me (2021–present)
On 15 April 2021, the band released the single "Bankrupt", followed by another single on November 18, 2021, "It's Over". After a one-week teasing period, the band released another single titled "Ultraviolet" on February 24, 2022. Alongside the single, the band announced their next studio album, Misery Made Me, which was released on May 6, 2022.

On 2 December 2022, a 26-track remixed and remastered version of their 3rd studio album Arrivals & Departures was published to streaming services. Tracks 1-13 are remixed/remastered, and tracks 14-26 are the original mixes. It was originally released on vinyl for the 2022 Record Store Day, limited to 3900 copies.

Musical style and influences
Silverstein has been described as post-hardcore, emo,     screamo,  indie rock  and hardcore punk. Their influences include Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, The Get Up Kids, Sunny Day Real Estate, Mineral, Knapsack, NOFX, Rancid, Lagwagon, and Pennywise.

Members

 * Current
 * Josh Bradford – rhythm guitar (2000–present)
 * Paul Koehler – drums, percussion (2000–present)
 * Shane Told – lead vocals (2000–present); bass guitar (2000)
 * Billy Hamilton – bass guitar, backing vocals (2000–present)
 * Paul Marc Rousseau – lead guitar, backing vocals (2012–present)

 * Former
 * Richard McWalter – lead guitar (2000–2001)
 * Neil Boshart – lead guitar (2001–2012), backing vocals (2001–2004)

 * Timeline

Discography
Studio albums

 * When Broken Is Easily Fixed (2003)
 * Discovering the Waterfront (2005)
 * Arrivals & Departures (2007)
 * A Shipwreck in the Sand (2009)
 * Rescue (2011)
 * Short Songs (2012)
 * This Is How the Wind Shifts (2013)
 * I Am Alive in Everything I Touch (2015)
 * Dead Reflection (2017)
 * A Beautiful Place to Drown (2020)
 * Misery Made Me (2022)

Concert tours

 * (2005) Vans Warped Tour
 * (2005) The Never Sleep Again Tour
 * (2006) Still Not Getting Any... (Europe) with Simple Plan.
 * (2006) Vans Warped Tour
 * (2006) Taste of Chaos
 * (2006) The Never Shave Again Tour
 * (2007) The Sufferer & the Witness with Rise Against.
 * (2008) The Best Damn World Tour (Japan) with Avril Lavigne.
 * (2010) Decade tour (Ten Year Anniversary)
 * (2011) Take Action Tour
 * (2012) SHORT TOUR
 * (2013) Tracing Back Roots Tour with We Came As Romans, Chunk! No, Captain Chunk!, The Color Morale and Dangerkids.
 * (2013) Vans Warped Tour
 * (2013) This Is How The Wind Shifts tour
 * (2014) Hollowbodies Tour Blessthefall, The Amity Affliction. SECRETS, Heartist
 * (2015) Discovering the Waterfront Tour – 10th Anniversary with Beartooth, Hands Like Houses and My Iron Lung.
 * (2015) Vans Warped Tour
 * (2015) Silverstein & Senses Fail Tour 2015 Co-Headline with Senses Fail, featuring Capsize, and Hundredth
 * (2016) Silverstein Tour 2016 with Being as an Ocean, Emarosa, Coldrain, Rarity, Youth Decay, Cardinals Pride
 * (2016) Rise Up Tour- The Devil Wears Prada, Memphis May Fire, Like Moths to Flames
 * (2017) Youth Authority – Good Charlotte and Palaye Royale
 * (2017) South Bound with The Word Alive and For the Fallen Dreams
 * (2017) Vans Warped Tour
 * (2018) Get Free Tour- with Tonight Alive, Broadside and Picturesque
 * (2019) When Broken Is Easily Fixed 15 Year Anniversary Tour- with Hawthorne Heights, As Cities Burn, and Capstan
 * (2019) 10 Years of Constellations - with August Burns Red and Silent Planet
 * (2020) 20 Year Anniversary Tour - with Four Year Strong
 * (2022) Silverstein & The Amity Affliction Co-Headline with The Amity Affliction
 * (2023) Misery Made Made Me Tour
 * (2023) THE WIND SHIFTS TOUR 10 years

title: Silverstein (band)


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Talk:Nogai language

I will be moving this page within five days to Nogai Language, the proper term for these peoples. Nogai Apollomelos 06:55, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Nogai language template
If you are a native speaker of Nogai, then you can help translate this template into your own language:

To the template

--JorisvS (talk) 16:32, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

Latin alphabet
The alphabet is shown in omniglot: https://www.omniglot.com/writing/nogai.htm TayfunEt. (talk) 10:56, 24 April 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Nogai language


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Talk:Nogai

Untitled
I will be moving this page within five days to Nogai, the proper term for these peoples. Nogai Apollomelos 06:57, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nogai


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Her Majesty (song)

"Her Majesty" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, from their 1969 album Abbey Road. Written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney, it is a brief tongue-in-cheek music hall song. McCartney is the only musician to appear on the track. "Her Majesty" is the final cut on the album and appears 14 seconds after the previous song "The End", but was not listed on the original sleeve. Some observers consider it the first example of a hidden track.

Recording
The song was recorded in three takes on 2 July 1969, prior to the Beatles beginning work on "Golden Slumbers/Carry That Weight". McCartney sang and simultaneously played a fingerstyle acoustic guitar accompaniment. The decision to exclude it from the Abbey Road medley was made on 30 July.

It runs only 23 seconds, but the Beatles also recorded a longer version during the Get Back sessions.

In the song, the singer muses about Queen Elizabeth II and his plan to someday "make her mine".

Structure and placement
The song was originally placed between "Mean Mr. Mustard" and "Polythene Pam"; McCartney decided that the sequence did not work and it was edited out of the album's closing medley by Abbey Road Studios tape operator John Kurlander. He was instructed by McCartney to destroy the tape, but EMI policy stated that no Beatles recording was ever to be destroyed. The fourteen seconds of silence between "The End" and "Her Majesty" are the result of Kurlander's lead-out tape added to separate the song from the rest of the recording.

The loud chord that occurs at the beginning of the song is the ending, as recorded, of "Mean Mr. Mustard". "Her Majesty" ends abruptly because its own final note was left at the beginning of "Polythene Pam". McCartney applauded Kurlander's "surprise effect" and the track became the unintended closer to the LP. The crudely edited beginning and end of "Her Majesty" shows that it was not meant to be included in the final mix of the album; as McCartney says in The Beatles Anthology, "Typical Beatles – an accident." The song was not listed on the original vinyl record's sleeve, as they had already been printed; on reprinted sleeves, however, it is listed. The CD edition corrects this.

The CD version also mimics the original LP version in that the CD contains a 14-second long silence immediately after "The End" before "Her Majesty" starts playing. Digital versions also include a 14-second long silence after "The End".

At 23 seconds long, "Her Majesty" is the shortest song in the Beatles' repertoire (contrasting the same album's "I Want You (She's So Heavy)", their longest song (at 7:47) apart from "Revolution 9", an 8:22 avant-garde piece from The Beatles). Both of the original sides of vinyl close with a song that ends abruptly (the other being "I Want You (She's So Heavy)"). The song starts panned hard right and slowly pans to hard left.

In October 2009, MTV Networks released a downloadable version of the song (as well as the entire album) for the video game The Beatles: Rock Band that gave players the ability to play the missing last chord. Apple Corps granted rights to this and to other changes to Harmonix Music Systems, which developed the game. The alteration garnered controversy among some fans who preferred the recorded version's unresolved close.

The fiftieth anniversary "Super Deluxe Edition" of Abbey Road includes a bonus track, "The Long One", that consists of a trial edit and mix of the medley, with "Her Majesty" placed between "Mean Mr. Mustard" and "Polythene Pam".

Personnel

 * Paul McCartney – lead vocals, acoustic guitar

Live performance
McCartney performed the song in front of the Queen at the Party at the Palace on 3 June 2002, part of the Golden Jubilee celebrations.

Cover versions
The song has been covered by such bands as Pearl Jam, Art Brut, and Chumbawamba, who developed it in an extended version with new lyrics, turning it into an attack on the Royal Family.

title: Her Majesty (song)


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Talk:Quicksaving

This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Quicksaving. The consensus was to keep it. dbenbenn | talk 06:58, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I came here hoping to know the designated keys most commonly used for quicksaving/quickloading such as alt+S/alt+L, F6/F7, and (less commonly) F5/F9. I didn't want to edit the article for this sole purpose (yet.) but thought i would leave this input on the talk page, as it would ultimately be a welcome addition.

i can see no good reason to delete this page. as gaming continues to evolve with the assistance of moore's law, we will soon be without the "quicksave"... besides, many a gamers mind is filled with quick ave/quickload hallucinations after spending too much time at once playing a game and going out and wrecking there car and reaching for invisible keys! (this subject of course, will no doubt be crucial to many future psychologists.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Universal Logic (talk • contribs) 08:01, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

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Crop top

A crop top (also half shirt, midriff top or cutoff shirt) is a top that reveals and exposes the waist, navel, or abdomen.

Women
The early history of the crop top intersects with cultural views towards the midriff, starting with the performance of Little Egypt at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. Although the crop top first gained prominence in the fashion industry during the 1930s and 1940s  —the latter in particular due to fabric rationing in World War II —it was largely confined to women's underwear at the time. It was not until the sexual revolution of the late 1960s and early 1970s that it achieved widespread acceptance, worn by celebrities such as Barbara Eden (star of NBC's I Dream of Jeannie) and Jane Birkin. A variant style, the tied-up top or knotted shirt, also appeared in 1940s fashion and spread in popularity during the 1960s.

In the 1980s, cut-off crop tops became more common as part of the aerobics craze and as a result of the popularity of the movie Flashdance. Singer Madonna wore a mesh crop top in her music video for the song "Lucky Star". In the 2010s, the crop top experienced a revival due to the popularity of 1990s fashion and they still remain popular in the 2020s.

Men
Crop tops have been worn by men since the 1970s. The early Rocky films have Sylvester Stallone and Carl Weathers wearing crop tops while working out.

The protective gear of American football with no shirt resembles a crop top. Eventually cropped jerseys became available which carried over to several 1980s broadcasts. Men also started to wear crop tops regardless of sport. Acceptance for men wearing no shirt could be seen to eliminate the need for a crop top. Various crop tops have been worn by rappers as well as American football athletes. However, in 2015 the National Collegiate Athletic Association increased restrictions on men wearing crop tops,    which also includes rolling up longer jerseys, giving no reason for the change.

Since the mid-2010s, the male crop top has seen a major resurgence in popularity, including prominent celebrity figures such as football player Ezekiel Elliott, rapper Kid Cudi, rock star Josh Kiszka, and actors Matthew McConaughey and Zac Efron.

title: Crop top


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Delay insensitive circuit

A delay-insensitive circuit is a type of asynchronous circuit which performs a digital logic operation often within a computing processor chip. Instead of using clock signals or other global control signals, the sequencing of computation in delay-insensitive circuit is determined by the data flow.

Data flows from one circuit element to another using "handshakes", or sequences of voltage transitions to indicate readiness to receive data, or readiness to offer data. Typically, inputs of a circuit module will indicate their readiness to receive, which will be "acknowledged" by the connected output by sending data (encoded in such a way that the receiver can detect the validity directly ), and once that data has been safely received, the receiver will explicitly acknowledge it, allowing the sender to remove the data, thus completing the handshake, and allowing another datum to be transmitted.

In a delay-insensitive circuit, there is therefore no need to provide a clock signal to determine a starting time for a computation. Instead, the arrival of data to the input of a sub-circuit triggers the computation to start. Consequently, the next computation can be initiated immediately when the result of the first computation is completed.

The main advantage of such circuits is their ability to optimize processing of activities that can take arbitrary periods of time depending on the data or requested function. An example of a process with a variable time for completion would be mathematical division or recovery of data where such data might be in a cache.

The Delay-Insensitive (DI) class is the most robust of all asynchronous circuit delay models. It makes no assumptions on the delay of wires or gates. In this model all transitions on gates or wires must be acknowledged before transitioning again. This condition stops unseen transitions from occurring. In DI circuits any transition on an input to a gate must be seen on the output of the gate before a subsequent transition on that input is allowed to happen. This forces some input states or sequences to become illegal. For example OR gates must never go into the state where both inputs are one, as the entry and exit from this state will not be seen on the output of the gate. Although this model is very robust, no practical circuits are possible due to the lack of expressible conditionals in DI circuits. Instead the Quasi-Delay-Insensitive model is the smallest compromise model yet capable of generating useful computing circuits. For this reason circuits are often incorrectly referred to as Delay-Insensitive when they are Quasi Delay-Insensitive.

title: Delay insensitive circuit


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Ring Rail Line

The Ring Rail Line (Kehärata, Ringbanan; formerly Marjarata) is a railway route in the area of the city of Vantaa, in the Greater Helsinki Metropolitan Area of Finland. It connects Helsinki-Vantaa Airport and the adjacent Aviapolis business and retail district to the Helsinki commuter rail network. The line fills the gap between Vantaankoski and Tikkurila railway stations, travelling in tunnel underneath the airport.

The line started operating on 1 July 2015.

History
The founding stone of the line was laid on 3 March 2009, and construction was started on 13 May 2009 with the excavation of service tunnels. The excavation of a 300 m long tunnel station under the airport was completed in March 2010, as the construction was proceeding on schedule.

In February 2011, a video on the project's official website stated that the project would be open by June 2014. It announced various new details, including that the station at Tikkurila would be entirely rebuilt as an integrated travel centre, as well as details on the trains that would serve the airport. In September 2012, the opening date was pushed back to July 2015, due to the unexpected need to re-design and reinforce the airport station tunnel to withstand the acidic products of propylene glycol decay by bacteria within the ground. Propylene glycol is used as a de-icing agent for the planes.

The Ring Rail Line started operating on 1 July 2015. The station at the Helsinki Airport opened later, with the Tietotie entrance opening on 10 July and the direct connection to the terminal opening in December 2015.

Route
The new line creates a connection from the airport to Helsinki Central railway station, as well as the suburban areas on the route. The new railway leaves the mainline going north from Helsinki after Tikkurila station in the east, travel via the airport and into Vantaankoski station to the west, joining the existing the branch line for western Vantaa which was previously served by the "M" train. Five new stations were built, with space reserved for three more in the future.

The line is served by the "P" and "I" trains which travel the ring clockwise and anticlockwise respectively. The journey time from the airport to Helsinki Central Railway Station is 27 minutes ("P" train) or 32 minutes ("I" train), whilst the time to Tikkurila, to connect with long-distance trains going north or east, is 8 minutes. Both trains operate every 10 minutes in the daytime.

Stations
In the first phase, five new stations were built at Vehkala, Kivistö, Aviapolis, Helsinki-Vantaa Airport and Leinelä. Out of these, the Aviapolis and Airport stations are located in a tunnel. Reservations have been made for three additional stations: Petas (surface), Viinikkala (tunnel) and Ruskeasanta (tunnel).

Cost
The projected cost of the construction is €655 million as of September 2012, up from €605 million in March 2010. The estimated cost of the project in December 2014 was €738.5 million. The current estimated cost of the project is €773.8 million

Future development
Separate proposals exist to extend the Helsinki Metro to the airport, and to move long-distance services from the current main North-South corridor to a new railway between Pasila and Kerava, passing through the airport. This new route, known as Lentorata, would travel in a long tunnel under the airport and allow direct access from long-distance trains, as well as free the rail capacity taken up by long-distance traffic in the current main corridor for the increasing local commuter traffic.

title: Ring Rail Line


text:
Olindo Guerrini

Olindo Guerrini (14 October 1845 - 21 October 1916) was an Italian poet who also published under the pseudonyms Lorenzo Stecchetti and Argìa Sbolenfi.

He was born at Forlì, but grew up in Sant'Alberto, Ravenna, and after studying law took to a life of letters, becoming eventually librarian at Bologna University. In 1877 he published postuma, a volume of canzoniere under the name of Stecchetti, following this with Polemica (1878), Alcuni canti popolari romagnoli (1880) and other poetical works, and becoming known as the leader of the verist school among Italian lyrical writers.

title: Olindo Guerrini


text:
User:Mkeller

Hello all. My name is Mikey Deller. I play the phat beats. My friend Jorge JD David Delgado is the antichrist, please shoot him for me.

title: User:Mkeller


text:
Edmonton—Mill Woods—Beaumont

Edmonton—Mill Woods—Beaumont (originally known as Edmonton—Beaumont) was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015.

Geography
Edmonton–Mill Woods–Beaumont includes the neighbourhoods of Tweddle Place, Michaels Park, Richfield, Lee Ridge, Tipaskan, Kameyosek, Meyonohk, Satoo, Ekota, Menisa, Greenview, Hillview, Tawa, Meyokumin, Sakaw, Jackson Heights, Kiniski Gardens, Flynn Dell, Minchau, Weinlos, Bisset, Daly Grove, Pollard Meadows, Crawford Plains, Larkspur, The Meadows, Wildrose, Ellerslie, Wernerville and Meadows Area in the City of Edmonton, the Town of Beaumont and the small part of Leduc County that is located between Edmonton and Beaumont. The area of the district is 175 km².

History
The electoral district was created as "Edmonton–Beaumont" in 2003 from the vast majority of Edmonton Southeast, a small part of Wetaskiwin, and a fraction of Elk Island.

In 2004, it was renamed "Edmonton–Mill Woods–Beaumont".

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

title: Edmonton—Mill Woods—Beaumont


text: User talk:64.160.53.226

title: User talk:64.160.53.226


text:
Mean Mr. Mustard

"Mean Mr. Mustard" is a song by English rock band the Beatles, released on their 1969 studio album Abbey Road. Written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon–McCartney, it is the third track of the album's medley. It was recorded with "Sun King" in one continuous piece.

Composition
The song was written during the Beatles' stay in India; Lennon said that it was inspired by a newspaper story about a miser who concealed his cash wherever he could in order to prevent people from forcing him to spend it. On reflection, Lennon did not think highly of the composition, dismissing it in Anthology as "a bit of crap I wrote in India."

A demo version of the song was recorded in May 1968 at Kinfauns, George Harrison's home in Esher. It appears on Anthology 3 and the 2018 Deluxe Edition of The Beatles. In this version, Mustard's sister is named Shirley. Lennon changed it to Pam when he saw the opportunity to ease the segue into the song "Polythene Pam", which follows "Mean Mr. Mustard" on the album. According to Lennon, "In 'Mean Mr. Mustard', I said 'his sister Pam'—originally it was 'his sister Shirley' in the lyric. I changed it to Pam to make it sound like it had something to do with it."

As eventually recorded, "Mustard" originally was to end in the chord of D major—this would have led into the next track in the climactic medley, "Her Majesty". However, since the latter song was moved to the end of the album, "Mustard" instead hard-edits into "Polythene Pam", and thus the final note of "Mustard" would open "Her Majesty" as a stand-alone track at the album's conclusion. The complete version of "Mustard" (with its original clean ending) can be heard on The Beatles: Rock Band video game, as well as Abbey Road's 2019 Super Deluxe Edition.

Origin
A newspaper article from the 7 June 1967 Daily Record with the headline "A Mean Husband Shaved in the Dark" features a man called John Mustard, who lived in Enfield, Middlesex. In 1980, Lennon said: "I’d read somewhere in the paper about this mean guy who was hiding £5 notes, not up his nose but somewhere else, and so I wrote about him."

Personnel

 * John Lennon – lead and harmony vocals, rhythm guitar, piano
 * Paul McCartney – harmony vocals, fuzz bass
 * George Harrison – lead guitar
 * Ringo Starr – drums, tambourine, maracas

Cover versions

 * Booker T. & the MGs on their 1970 album McLemore Avenue.

title: Mean Mr. Mustard


text:
Talk:Matrioshka brain

}}

Efficiency
The nested Matrioshka brain is indeed the most energy efficient, but it's actually close to the worst mass-efficient implementation. The larger, outer shells have most of the mass, but tap very little power, and perform very little computation compared to the inner shells (though you get better computation-per-unit-power due to reduced thermal noise).

For best mass efficiency, you'd use a single Dyson sphere that was as small as possible will still having a cool enough outer surface to have a reasonable Carnot efficiency (assuming you're running a heat engine; this is limited by the maximum temperature of your inner surface material and your working fluid, and gives you something with a radius anywhere from Mercury's orbit to Venus's, depending on what your efficiency threshold is).

A photovoltaic Matrioshka brain could have better efficiencies, though its computation efficiency might be lower. This is governed by the requirement that your working voltage be at least 4kT in order to be reasonably noise-resistant (if you're using electrical computing elements).

Actually, I should probably just add all of this with a bit more detail to the article later.

[Chris]

 * Actually, most of the mass goes into the radiators and cooling fluid (not the energy collectors, computational units or communications interfaces). As the design for the MBrain calls for probably 5-10 layers constructed using all of the available materials in orbits ranging from within Mercury to outside Pluto the factors Chris points out *are* taken into account. The multi-layer design is optimized by function depending upon each layer's operating temperature (energy density) and materials availability.  This probably means that most of the computation is done in the inner layers while most of the information storage is done in the outer layers (presumably using caching methodologies to minimize information retreival delays).  The architecture evolves over time (in the early years) as the planets are disassembled and various elements move moved to orbits where they are most useful.  For example iron could be used as a liquid coolant for the most high temperature layers, as radiator material (esp. when combined with oxygen) for the intermediate temperature layers and as an information storage material (using its magnetic properties?) in the coolest outermost layers.  Getting the optimal location for all of the available material depends upon the material designs of the specific layers and the computing architectures which are in turn determined by what the MBrain wants to "think" about and how it goes about doing so.

 * I suspect during the early evolution of the MBrain there is a movement of the most useful elements (C,N,O,Al) into the inner solar system and some of the heavier elements (Fe,Co,Ti) to the outer solar system. The picture gets quite complex as while W is a very high temperature material it isn't very abundant.  Many carbides (SiC), nitrides (Si2N3), and oxides (Al2O3) have high melting points and could be relatively abundant if you move the outer solar system material inward.  It is a reasonably complex problem once you take solar system element abundances and the physical properties of various elements and compounds into account (which I have done).  Combine that with the relatively unlimited nature of computing architectures and it becomes horrendously complex.

 * The rate of evolution changes significantly after one has disassembled all of the planets because then one has to start the disassembly of the Sun itself. That takes a long time due to the massive energy requirements of lifting material out of the Sun's huge gravity well.  One wants to separate out the heavier elements and probably put the H & He back into the Sun.  This not only lengthens the lifetime of the sun (by reducing the fusion rate) but gives you the heavier elements for construction purposes without having to breed them (which is an expensive and somewhat messy process).  Decreasing the diameter & temperature of the Sun also allows you to move the computational nodes inward within the solar system thus decreasing the inter-computational node information transmission time.

 * Please do not quote any of this in the Wiki entry directly as it would tend to make the top level entry quite long (which is probably undesirable) and the information is semi-speculative (i.e. not really "verifiable") on my part. Thanks

 * If any wiki authors would like to contact me directly with questions, they may do so at Robert.Brad__REMOVE-THIS__bury at gmail.what-you-would-expect.

 * [Robert]

Is there any way at all to guestimate a resonably plausable number for the computational capacity of one of these. I suppose a crude way would be to assume the entire output of the sun being used as efficiently as possible for computation and then multiplying that number by a an efficiency factor of anywhere from 99.99% to 0.000001%

 * There may be a hand-wavy upper limit:   5.0 * 1050 instructions per  second kg, mass available, 450 Earth masses (1 earth mass = 6 * 10 24 kg) 1.35 x 10 78 ops per second. Compare with some hand-wavy figures for all previou s electronic calculations ever - proxied by an up-scaling of what we have now, suppose we have 10 billion computers all running at 10 Ghz (1 op per cycle), and they have all been around 10 years that's 10^20* 10*=365.25* 86400≃3.1* 10 28 operations ever. Rich Farmbrough, 09:20, 1 March 2011 (UTC).

There was a small error in the description of the physics in the article. To be in equilibrium, each sphere must radiate exactly as much energy as it receives, thus it cannot give off "less heat". It may radiate at a lower temperature. The total heat energy would be the radiation temperature summed over the surface area. For there to be a temperature differential, a given layer must have some non-trivial thickness. Alternately, it could use something besides temperature difference to drive the computation (such as photovoltaics).

Frothga (talk) 14:48, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

Improper Links
It looks like I goofed! Sorry. I "updated" the link to the Matrioska Brain "homepage" to point to the only working copy of the page I could find of the material on the Web, and didn't update the description of the link. My severe bad - as this implied the site belonged to Robert Bradbury when it did not. The page's original author has objected, so I've changed the URL to the orginal URL, even though this url still is not functional.

I will check occasionally, but if the "main" page doesn't go back up within the next couple of days, I'll just take the link out rather than either point to a resource the author does not wish to be associated with or leave a dead link in the article.

Beowulf314159 18:58, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Further Link Updates
Due to ISPs now blocking some ports it may take some time before the original Matrioshka Brain Home Page URL can be fully restored. In the meantime the URL with an alternate port should work http://www.aeiveos.com:8080/~bradbury/MatrioshkaBrains/index.html

Robert

 * Thanks, I've updated the main article with the new link - Beowulf314159 12:51, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

A Name Correction: *Ray* Bradbury
This article says, "The term Matrioshka Brain was invented by Robert Bradbury...". Do you really mean Ray Bradbury? If so, please consider correcting it. I'd also like to see a reference to the article or story in which he coined the term.

Thanks,

Roy Beatty —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Rrbeatty (talk • contribs).

Look Again
Did you miss Mr. Bradbury's fairly lengthy post on this discussion page? Or did you just not read the signature? He is a distinct entity from Ray Bradbury.

209.115.173.21 06:58, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

This is Robert, and I am not going to bother with the Wikipeida formatting requirements. It is my current understanding, given the Bradbury Memorial, and my father (Rudolph Bradbury)'s pursuit of the family geneology that I am Norris E Bradbury's 5th cousin twice removed and Raymond Douglas Bradbury's 6th cousin twice removed. We are likely related but not one in the same. —Preceding unsigned comment added by RobertBradbury (talk • contribs) 17:13, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Possible References
Re: Reference requirement. If one looks at the Matrioshka Brain Home Page (http://www.aeiveos.com:8080/~bradbury/MatrioshkaBrains/index.html) you will find there a list of references. The "Further Information" section cites a number of background papers, most of which are extensively referenced and the "Papers & Posters" section contains a list of papers/posters which have been reviewed in public forums. In approximately a decade of promoting the ideas I have never had anyone claim they are "impossible". The worst criticism I have received thus far was the refusal of prominent astrophysicists involved in gravitational microlensing observations to even consider the possibility of Matrioshka Brains explaining some of their observations. (If they haven't seen one, which is currently very *hard* with respect to Matrioshka Brains and Jupiter Brains, then they refuse to consider them (though they will consider *dark* matter!))  Of a more academic nature are the "Life at the Limits of Physical Laws" publications (they are in the OSETI III conference proceedings) and Milan Cirkovic's paper with my minor contributions, published in the peer reviewed New Astronomy Journal. In addition, my "Under Construction" chapter in Year Million, was subject to editorial review. While fictional in nature, it describes in detail a plausible construction path for a Matrioshka Brain in our solar system. There are several other chapters in that book which also discuss Matrioshka Brains. One may also want to review publications by Milan Cirkovic at ArXiv.org, several of which are about the Fermi Paradox and/or SETI, which in part were due to Milan's detailed exploration of Matrioshka Brains and Jupiter Brains and their possible existence. Milan is a hard core astrophysicist as can be concluded by reviewing his publication list on ArXiv.org.

Robert (talk) 12:18, 17 May 2009 (UTC)

Science Fiction?
I wonder - should this article not be placed in the context of Science Fiction? The concept is something purely fictional, right? In the article it sounds a bit like this is a realistic if hypothetical possibility. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.39.111.98 (talk) 22:13, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

We need a Wikipedia article on this Robert Bradbury
I just deleted a link in the article that indicated that the Robert Bradbury in question was the movie director that died in 1949 after directing many low-budget Westerns; he directed John Wayne as a singing cowboy in the 1920's, and made his last film just before the second world war. I doubt that he had much to say about computer architecture.

I would be glad to write an article about the Robert Bradbury who originated the concept of Matroishka brains, but I cannot find any material on the internet other than that written by Mr. Bradbury about the concept of Matroishka brains...nothing concerning who he is, his credentials, etc.

Any help from anyone who knows this person, or from Mr. Bradbury himself, would be appreciated. Ormewood (talk) 15:16, 27 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Help from Mr. Robert J. Bradbury would be most interesting if delivered personally, since he died 2.5 years before you posted that. His dates are 1956-2011; some info on him can be found in the obituary link I give below. Schissel | Sound the Note! 03:25, 19 April 2017 (UTC)

Citation Really Needed?
Since this page describes a purely hypothetical structure (it even says so in the first sentence), do the "citation needed" tags actually make sense? Especially, this one:

 * The ideal mechanism for extracting usable energy as it passes "through" a shell or component, the number of shells (or orbital levels) that could be supported in such a manner, the ideal size of the shells to be constructed, and other details, are all issues of speculation.[citation needed]

Does the fact that details of a hypothetical structure are "issues of speculation" really require a citation?

Tom (talk) 18:31, 22 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes, required. Wikipedia describes speculations of respectable author, not of every kook. - üser:Altenmann >t 05:52, 23 October 2015 (UTC)

That's pretty weird. "Hey you know this thing we already told you is hypothetical? We need citations to say that it's also only speculative. With no citations, this hypothetical thing might well exist" Tom (talk) 20:28, 23 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Did you read what I wrote? The "hypothetical" thing has an author: the author of the hypothesis. Once the  hypothesis is set, its consequences are either issues of logical  derivation or of speculation. And we need a reference which writes how the mechanism in question is to operate: will it be a pure guesswork (speculation) or we there are logically concluded possibilities. Without citation, either way it will be an opinion of a wikipedian, i.e., wikipedian's original research inadmissible in wikipedia.   - üser:Altenmann >t 00:46, 25 October 2015 (UTC)

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Bradbury
Apparently Robert J. Bradbury was born 1956 and died 2011 (https://groups.google.com/d/topic/alt.obituaries/CYtg9ajaphw ) (so of course not to be confused with filmmaker Robert N. Bradbury.) Schissel | Sound the Note! 03:24, 19 April 2017 (UTC)

Capitalization question
Should it be "Matrioshka brain" or "matrioshka brain"? -- Ahiijny (talk) 21:09, 15 March 2019 (UTC)

The word comes from Matryoshka, which is a proper name and is capitalized when discussing the dolls. Matrioshka is the spelling that Bradbury used in his paper, but it still stands as a proper name being used as an adjective, so it gets capitalization. Note that Bradbury capitalized all uses of it in the paper... but Bradbury also capitalized Brain in all uses, but I'm not willing to carry that through into common usage. AristosM (talk) 19:22, 25 March 2020 (UTC)
 * It comes from the doll type "matryoshka", which is of course not a proper name and thus not capitalized. — Mikhail Ryazanov (talk) 19:31, 17 February 2022 (UTC)

Would not work as intended
This concept would not really work. While it is true that it would be able to use up all energy from the star in the center, at the same time it doesn't make sense to have more than one Dyson Shpere in a Matryoshka configuration. For energy to be usable, you not just need an energy source. You also need an energy sink. In a single Dyson Sphere this is obviously perfectly fulfilled, as there is a star in the center and cold space around it. But with another sphere around it, the one inside is insulated from the cold space outside. So there ist less difference between energy source and energy sink, which means less usable energy. So it would not work as efficient, or wouldn't work at all after a while, when the space between the two spheres slowly heats up to the temperature within in the first sphere. This applies even more to a configuration with many nested Dyson Spheres. It acually is a method to reduce the usable energy difference for each sphere, making all spheres overall less efficient. Apart from the technological stupidity, this is a perfect example for Zeerust ("Zeerust: The particular kind of datedness which afflicts things that were originally designed to look futuristic." — The Meaning of Liff). Computers don't need heat. They need to be cooled! Also Computers don't work better when they are gigantic. The smaller a computer is, the better! Imagine how slow a computer would work in the scale of a Dyson Sphere, when each signal, even when travelling at the speed of light, still needs hours to get to the other side of the computer. --TeakHoken212.185.209.22 (talk) 13:57, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Matrioshka brain


text:
User talk:Tmcfadden777

Vincent Derosa
Wikipedia has a policy against violating copyrights. Please respect this policy. The version you originally typed up was fine. I wikified it. Now it needs to be expanded. —Mar·ka·ci: 2005-02-5 07:19 Z

title: User talk:Tmcfadden777


text:
Talk:John Williams

A separate section for collaborations with Steven Spielberg and George Lucas ?
In Steven Spielberg and George Lucas's Wikipedia Articles, they each have a section regarding their collaboration with Williams. Can, must, and should we do the same for Williams's Wikipedia Article? Because I would assume that Williams's work with Spielberg and Lucas is one of the biggest if not the biggest and most important aspect of Williams's career. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:204:CF80:7440:39BF:8A50:657A:405D (talk) 15:20, 21 December 2020 (UTC)

Image
The Image that I changed for the infobo was from 2009 and it was reverted to the 2007 image. Why was it reverted when I updated the image to a newer image?MasterD.D. Patel (talk) 14:21, 22 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Not my reversion, but probably because the newer image was a poor image. Canterbury Tail talk 14:43, 22 February 2021 (UTC)

The Johns Williamses
Given that both are musicians famous in large part via film work, should there perhaps be a somewhat more elaborate hatnote mentioning John Williams (guitarist) in particular? And/or a mention of the other JW in the body of the article? 109.255.211.6 (talk) 00:30, 24 February 2021 (UTC)

Stop adding film score to genres.
It's not a genre. Any genre can be used as a film score. CompletePerson (talk) 08:42, 5 June 2021 (UTC)

The Accidental Tourist
Your article did not even mention the movie, The Accidental Tourist, 1988, for which John Williams wrote the music, and is one of his loveliest scores. 108.30.157.194 (talk) 19:32, 15 September 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. Alexcalamaro (talk) 08:02, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Great! Want to also acknowledge his work on Fitzwilly (1967)? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitzwilly
 * No, I don't know if this counts as one of the loveliest of his scores, but he did release a CD of it. 156.99.95.253 (talk) 19:17, 5 December 2023 (UTC)

Photo
Have always thought this was a terrible photograph of JW. Anything that could replace it? Dlh9690 (talk) 17:00, 9 August 2022 (UTC)

Date of birth
Is this Variety article sufficient to support his date of birth? —C.Fred (talk) 17:55, 15 November 2022 (UTC)

 * I can link several articles where February 8, 1932 is listed. Frankly I am surprised this is even a discussion, it has always been publicly known and accepted as the correct date. Why is this even coming up? ￼
 * Article to confirm: On his 90th birthday, here's John Williams conducting the Boston Pops
 * Famous birthdays for Feb. 8: John Williams, Robert Klein - UPI.com
 * Fans Wish John Williams A Happy 90th Birthday: 'Without John Williams (theblast.com)
 * February 8: Happy Birthday John Williams and James Dean – Lebeau's Le Blog (lebeauleblog.com)
 * John Williams' 90th Birthday February 8, 2022 | IMDb Community Forums (sprinklr.com)
 * JOHN WILLIAMS 90TH BIRTHDAY SPECIAL - PART ONE - Cinematic Sound Radio Podcast
 * Edmonton Symphony Orchestra celebrates John Williams’ 90th birthday | CTV News
 * John Williams: Compositions, movies, age and awards revealed - Classic FM
 * HAPPY 90th BIRTHDAY, MAESTRO! – JOHN WILLIAMS Fan Network – JWFAN
 * Celebrating the music of John Williams: from ‘Jaws’ to ‘Star Wars’ to ‘Harry Potter’ and more – WABE
 * John Williams at 90: ‘He is so much smarter than his critics’ | Film | The Guardian 2604:3D09:6A85:6000:5482:22DE:FA82:ED9B (talk) 18:07, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * John Williams at 90: ‘He is so much smarter than his critics’ | Film | The Guardian 2604:3D09:6A85:6000:5482:22DE:FA82:ED9B (talk) 18:07, 15 November 2022 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure why the birthdate was removed, we already had a cite to the New York Times article in Feb 2022 about his 90th birthday. In any event cites now appear right after the introductory mention of his birthday.--Milowent • hasspoken  20:48, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * If anyone needs to discuss removing the birthday again, including Toddst1 let's please discuss here first! We need to consider the reader's experience here, and the wanton removal of birthdates that are quite verifiable degrades the user experience of the reader.  I am sure there are thousands of BIO articles that just have birthdates slipped in there without any easy means of verification but this is not one of them.--Milowent • hasspoken  13:58, 17 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Specifically, what does the first sentence of WP:SYN say?
 * WP:BLPREMOVE and WP:DOB trump any "reader's experience" and you should know that.  That's why BLPREMOVE is exempt from 3RR. Toddst1 (talk) 18:36, 17 November 2022 (UTC)
 * So, what's the failing of the Variety article? —C.Fred (talk) 19:44, 17 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The Variety article wasn't cited and I hadn't seen your comment above. Sorry I missed that.Toddst1 (talk) 01:17, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

 * I am boggled at your behavior, Toddst1. This was easily verifiable information and we need good editors like you improving articles not running around making work for me, even if i was once named the best of all editors of all time.--Milowent • hasspoken  20:39, 17 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm really sorry to hear that not only do you completely misunderstand WP:SYN, but you think the WP:BURDEN to provide sources is on me? You might need to understand WP:BLPREMOVE as well. My edit summary was pretty clear. Read more policy, bark less opinion. Toddst1 (talk) 01:17, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Toddst1: Jumping in late here but how is this WP:SYNTHESIS? –CWenger (^ • @ ) 01:46, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The sources didn't state his date of birth. The editor combined sources and sections within the same source to conclude the DOB. Toddst1 (talk) 18:54, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
 * In that case wouldn't every infobox that calculates somebody's current age based on their birthdate be synthesis, unless there's a source that explicitly states their current age? –CWenger (^ • @ ) 19:03, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia_talk:No_original_research is <- that way. Toddst1 (talk) 18:36, 19 November 2022 (UTC)

 * My work is done here, I'm going to bow out. John Williams' birthdate has been secured for eternity.--Milowent • hasspoken 14:56, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

Article quality
I looked up this composer after seeing a live interview with him, and wondering how old he was. He's 91 at this point, still working and quite compos mentis. IMHO this article is one of the best I've seen in crowdsourced editing, with the most of any individual contributing amounting to just over 6%. The third most is just over 3%. Activist (talk) 08:14, 6 March 2023 (UTC)

NFL on NBC
Is it really necessary to have the template NFL on NBC on the article? Perhaps, John Williams did the music for the show, but I have seen countless documentaries on Williams and the NFL was never mentioned to my recollection. It just seems way too prominent on the bottom relative to his extensive body of work in FILM.

If no one responds, I intend to delete the template. --David Tornheim (talk) 01:36, 8 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Williams


text:
John Gilmary Shea

John Dawson Gilmary Shea (July 22, 1824 – February 22, 1892) was a writer, editor, and historian of American history in general and American Roman Catholic history specifically. He was also a leading authority on aboriginal native Americans in the United States. He is regarded as the "Father of American Catholic History".

Biography
John Dawson Shea was born in New York City to James Shea, an Irish immigrant and school principal, and Mary Ann (Flannigan) Shea. His early studies were at the grammar school of Columbia College, where his father was principal. At an early age he became a clerk in a Spanish merchant's office, where he learned to read and write Spanish fluently. Shea graduated from St. John's College (now Fordham University), and entered the Society of Jesus in 1844; during this time he added his middle name of Gilmary ("servant of Mary"). He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1846, and obtained the degree of LL.D. from St. John's College.

In 1852, he left the Jesuits. His comprehensive study of early Indian missions in America, the Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley with the original narratives of Marquette, Allouez, Membré, Hennepin and Anastase Douay, was published later that year. In 1854 he married Sophie Savage.

Shea turned his attention to literature, and was connected in an editorial capacity with Frank Leslie's publishing house, and later edited the Catholic News, but for many years his attention was given to historical research in preparation of his History of the Catholic Church in the United States (1886–92), the fourth volume of which was in process of publication at the time of his death in Elizabeth, New Jersey. A major research interest was French colonization and Jesuit missions in America. He edited the Historical Magazine from 1859 until 1865. In 1889 he became an editor of the Catholic News which supported him until his death.

Shea was connected with many historical societies in America and Europe, and was the first president of the Catholic Historical Society of the United States. He was the first person to be awarded the Laetare Medal by the University of Notre Dame in 1883. Georgetown University conferred on him the degree of LL.D. in recognition of his work as a Catholic historian. The John Gilmary Shea Papers, a collection of correspondence, manuscripts, and research materials, are preserved in the Georgetown University Library (Special Collections Division).

John Gilmary Shea died at his home in Elizabeth, New Jersey on February 22, 1892.

In 1945 the John Gilmary Shea Prize was established by the American Catholic Historical Association for the most original and distinguished contribution to the knowledge of the history of the Roman Catholic Church. Shea was inducted into the Fordham University Hall of Honor in 2008.

Works

Shea was author, editor or translator of more than 240 publications.

Authored

 * Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley with the original narratives of Marquette, Allouez, Membré, Hennepin and Anastase Douay (New York, 1852) read online
 * History of the Catholic Missions among the Indian Tribes of the United States, 1529–1854 (1854; German translation, Würzburg, 1856) read online
 * Perils of the Ocean and Wilderness, or, Narratives of Shipwreck and Indian Captivity : gleaned from early missionary annals (1856) read online
 * A Bibliographical Account of American Catholic Bibles, Testaments, and Other Portions of Scripture (New York, 1859) read online
 * A French-Onondaga Dictionary from a manuscript of the seventeenth century (1860) read online
 * The Fallen Brave: A Biographical Memorial of The American Officers Who Have Given Their Lives for the Preservation of the Union (New York: Charles B. Richrdson, 1861) read online
 * Early Voyages Up and Down the Mississippi by Cavelier, St. Cosme, Le Sueur, Gravier, and Guignas  (Albany, 1861) read online
 * The Operations of the French Fleet under the Count de Grasse in 1781–2 : as described in two contemporaneous journals (1864) read online
 * The Lincoln Memorial (1865) read online
 * The Commodities of the called Manati ore Long Ile which is in the continent of Virginia (1865) read online
 * A Child's History of the United States (1872) read online
 * The Life of Pope Pius IX and the Great Events in the History of the Church during his Pontificate (New York, 1875) read online
 * Address Delivered before the Missouri Historical Society, July 19, 1878 : The Anniversary of the Discovery of the Mississippi by Marquette and Joliet (New York: H.J. Hewitt, 1878) read online
 * The Bursting of Pierre Margry's La Salle Bubble : To refute Margry's claim that La Salle was the first French discoverer of the Mississippi, by critical examination of certain documents printed in "Découvertes et établissements des Français." (New York, 1879) read online
 * Bibliography of Hennepin's Works (New York, 1880) read online
 * The Expedition of Don Diégo Dionisio de Peñalosa, Governor of New Mexico, from Santa Fe to the river Mischipi and Quivira in 1662 (1882) read online
 * The Catholic Church in Colonial Days : The Thirteen Colonies - the Ottawa and Illinois country - Louisiana-Florida-Texas-New Mexico and Arizona, 1521–1763 (1886) read online
 * The Hierarchy of the Catholic Church in the United States : embracing sketches of all the archbishops and bishops from the establishment of the See of Baltimore to the present time : also, an account of the plenary councils of Baltimore, and brief history of the church in the United States (1886) read online
 * Life and Times of the Most Rev. John Carroll, bishop and first archbishop of Baltimore : embracing the history of the Catholic Church in the United States, 1763–1815  (1888) read online
 * History of the Catholic Church in the United States (4 vols., 1886–1892) read online
 * The Defenders of Our Faith : their devotion to the church, biographies and portraits of our cardinals, archbishops, and bishops, setting forth their zeal and labor in the development of faith and morals, including an explanation of the doctrines of the church, a full account of the Plenary Council of Baltimore, the church in its history, teachings, trials and triumphs in America, profusely illustrated (New York, 1892) read online
 * The cross and the flag, our church and country; heroic deeds ... (w/ Cardinal James Gibbons et al.) (1899) read online
 * Caughnawaga and the Rev. Joseph Marcoux, its late missionary (New York, 18??) read online

Edited

 * Cramoisy series of narratives and documents bearing on the early history of the French-American colonies (26 vols., 1857–1868)
 * Washington's Private Diary (1861)
 * Cadwallader Colden, History of the Five Indian Nations, edition of 1727 (1866)
 * George Alsop (b. 1638), A Character of the Province of Maryland : described in four distinct parts ; also a small treatise on the wild and naked Indians (or Susquehanokes) of Maryland ... together with a collection of historical letters (New York, 1869) read online
 * Dictionnaire françois-onontagué / édité d'après un manuscit du 17e siècle par Jean-Marie Shea read online
 * Little Pictorial Lives of the Saints : with reflections for every day in the year : compiled from "Butler's Lives" and other approved sources : to which are added lives of the American saints : placed on the calendar for the United States by special petition of the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore (New York, 1894) read online;

Translated

 * L. C. Businger (1832–1910) Christ in His Church : a Catholic Church history from the original of Rev. L. C. Businger / by Richard Brennan, together with a sketch of the church in America (New York, 1881) read online
 * Pierre-Francois-Xavier de Charlevoix (1682–1761), History and General Description of New France (6 vols., 1866–1872) read online
 * Henry de Courcy, Catholic Church in the United States (1856) read online
 * Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta (d. 1842), A vocabulary or phrase book of the Mutsun language of Alta California read online
 * Nicholas de Freytas, The Expedition of Don Diego Dionisio de Penalosa in 1662 (New York, 1882) read online
 * Father Louis Hennepin, A Description of Louisiana, by Father Louis Hennepin, Recollect missionary. Tr. from the edition of 1683, and compared with the Nouvelle découverte, the La Salle documents and other contemporaneous papers (1880) read online
 * Isaac Jogues, Novum Belgium, An Account of the New Netherlands in 1643-4 (New York, 1862) read online
 * Father Christian Le Clercq, First Establishment of the Faith in New France, by Father Christian Le Clercq, Recollect missionary (New York, 1881) read online
 * Marie de Agustin de Tranchepain (d. 1733), Account of the Voyage of the Ursulines to New Orleans in 1727 (New York, 1859) read online

Shea published a series of grammars and dictionaries of the Indian languages (15 vols., 1860–1874), and revised Challoner's original Bible of 1750 (1871).

title: John Gilmary Shea


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The Man Who Counted

The Man Who Counted (original Portuguese title: O Homem que Calculava) is a book on recreational mathematics and curious word problems by Brazilian writer Júlio César de Mello e Souza, published under the pen name Malba Tahan. Since its first publication in 1938, the book has been immensely popular in Brazil and abroad, not only among mathematics teachers but among the general public as well.

The book has been published in many other languages, including Catalan, English (in the UK and in the US), German, Italian, and Spanish, and is recommended as a paradidactic source in many countries. It earned its author a prize from the Brazilian Literary Academy.

Plot summary
First published in Brazil in 1949, O Homem que Calculava is a series of tales in the style of the Arabian Nights, but revolving around mathematical puzzles and curiosities. The book is ostensibly a translation by Brazilian scholar Breno de Alencar Bianco of an original manuscript by Malba Tahan, a thirteenth-century Persian scholar of the Islamic Empire – both equally fictitious.

The first two chapters tell how Hanak Tade Maia was traveling from Samarra to Baghdad when he met Beremiz Samir, a young lad from Khoy with amazing mathematical abilities. The traveler then invited Beremiz to come with him to Baghdad, where a man with his abilities will certainly find profitable employment. The rest of the book tells of various incidents that befell the two men along the road and in Baghdad. In all those events, Beremiz Samir uses his abilities with calculation like a magic wand to amaze and entertain people, settle disputes, and find wise and just solutions to seemingly unsolvable problems.

In the first incident along their trip (chapter III), Beremiz settles a heated inheritance dispute between three brothers. Their father had left them 35 camels, of which 1/2 (17.5 camels) should go to his eldest son, 1/3 (11.666... camels) to the middle one, and 1/9 (3.888... camels) to the youngest. To solve the brothers dilemma, Beremiz convinces Hanak to donate his only camel to the dead man's estate. Then, with 36 camels, Beremiz gives 18, 12, and 4 animals to the three heirs, making all of them profit with the new share. Of the remaining two camels, one is returned to Hanak, and the other is claimed by Beremiz as his reward.

The translator's notes observe that the 17-animal inheritance puzzle, a mathematical puzzle whose first publication is in the works of Muhaqiqi Naraqi, is a variant of this problem, with 17 camels to be divided in the same proportions. It is found in hundreds of recreational mathematics books, such as those of E. Fourrey (1949) and G. Boucheny (1939). However, the 17-camel version leaves only one camel at the end, with no net profit for the estate's executor.

At the end of the book, Beremiz uses his abilities to win the hand of his student and secret love Telassim, the daughter of one of the Caliph's advisers. (The caliph mentioned is Al-Musta'sim, the only real character who appears fictitiously; the time period ends with the Abbasid dynasty's collapse.)

In the last chapter we learn that Hanak Tade Maia and Beremiz eventually moved to Constantinople following the Siege of Baghdad (Telassim's father died in the fighting), where Beremiz had three sons and Hanak visits him often.

Publishing history
The "translator's note" signed "B. A. Bianco" is dated from 1965. The preface signed "Malba Tahan" is dated "Baghdad, 19 of the Moon of Ramadan of 1321" (Islamic calendar equivalent of (Gregorian) 8 December 1903).

The 1993 English edition published by W.W. Norton & Co. was illustrated by Patricia Reid Baquero.

The fifty fourth printing by Editora Record (2001; in Portuguese) contains 164 pages of Malba Tahan's text, plus 60 pages of notes and historical appendices, commented solutions to all the problems, a glossary of Arabic terms, alphabetical index, and other material.

The book was translated into Arabic in 2005 by Azza Kubba, an Iraqi from Baghdad (published by Al-Jamel Publishing House, Cologne, Germany).

title: The Man Who Counted


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Constantia (wine)

Constantia, a South African dessert wine, is made from Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (Muscat de Frontignan) grapes grown in the district of Constantia, City of Cape Town. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it was widely exported to Europe. However, production of Constantia ceased in the late-nineteenth century following the devastation of South African vineyards in the phylloxera epidemic. Production resumed at Klein Constantia in 1986, at Groot Constantia in 2003 and at Buitenverwachting in 2007.

History
In 1685, the Constantia estate was established in a valley facing False Bay by the Governor of the Cape, Simon van der Stel whose "Constantia wyn" soon acquired a good reputation. In 1705, Naturalist François Valentyn called it "The coicest wine to be found at the Cape...so divine and enticing in taste. But it was Hendrik Cloete, who bought the homestead in 1778, who really made Constantia famous, with an unfortified wine made from a blend of mostly Muscat de Frontignan (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains), Pontac, red and white Muscadel and a little Chenin Blanc. It became a favorite of European kings and emperors, such as Frederick the Great, Queen Victoria, and Napoleon who had it ordered from his exile on St Helena.

In 1861, however, the Gladstone government removed empire preferential tariffs, and as a result exports nearly dried up, and the golden era was brought to an end when the vineyards were decimated by phylloxera and powdery mildew, In 1980 Duggie Jooste bought Klein Constantia, redeveloped the farm, and with the help of then winemaker Ross Gower & Professor Chris Orferr of Stellenbosch University created and began selling a new recreated version of the early Constantia wines made from Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains.

All three Constantia estates produce a homage to the original recipe, with Groot Constantia being called Grand Constance, "1769" at Buitenverwachting and "Vin de Constance" at Klein Constantia.

In popular culture

 * In Sense and Sensibility (1811), Jane Austen's character Mrs Jennings recommends a glass of "the finest old Constantia wine" for the broken-hearted Marianne, on the grounds that it helped her late husband's colicky gout; Elinor, though amused by the incongruity, still drinks the wine to try "its healing powers on a disappointed heart" – her own.
 * In Charles Dickens' last (and unfinished) novel, The Mystery of Edwin Drood, Constantia wine is served to the reverend Septimus by his mother. "As, whenever the Reverend Septimus fell a-musing, his good mother took it to be an infallible sign that he ‘wanted support,’ the blooming old lady made all haste to the dining-room closet, to produce from it the support embodied in a glass of Constantia and a home-made biscuit."
 * In Charles Baudelaire's Les fleurs du mal poem XXVI entitled Sed non satiata Baudelaire compares the charms of his beloved to the pleasures brought by Nuits-Saint-Georges and Constantia wine: "Even more than Constantia, than opium, than Nuits, I prefer the elixir of your mouth, where love performs its slow dance."
 * In Joris-Karl Huysmans' novel, A rebours, the protagonist, Floressas Des Esseintes, extols the virtues of Constantia wine and takes some in an attempt to alleviate a weak stomach (Chapter 13).
 * German poet Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock begged forgiveness for preferring "Daughter Konstanzia" to "old Father Johann".

title: Constantia (wine)


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John Gilmary Shea Prize

The John Gilmary Shea Prize is an annual award given by the American Catholic Historical Association for the most original and distinguished contribution to knowledge of the history of the Catholic Church. Established in 1945, it is named in honor of the nineteenth-century Catholic historian John Gilmary Shea.

Past Shea Prize awardees include the following:
 * 2023: Jeroen Dewulf, Afro-Atlantic Catholics: America’s First Black Christians
 * 2022: Brenna Moore, Kindred Spirits: Friendship and Resistance at the Edges of Modern Catholicism
 * 2021: Theresa Keeley, Reagan’s Gun-Toting Nuns: The Catholic Conflict Over Cold War Human Rights Policy in Central America
 * 2020: Elizabeth Foster, African Catholic: Decolonization and the Transformation of the Church
 * 2019: Karin Vélez, The Miraculous Flying House of Loreto: Spreading Catholicism in the Early Modern World
 * 2018: Michelle Armstrong-Partida, Defiant Priests Domestic Unions, Violence, and Clerical Masculinity in Fourteenth-Century Catalunya
 * 2017: William B. Taylor, Theater of a Thousand Wonders: History of Miraculous Images and Shrines in New Spain
 * 2016: Katrina B. Olds, Forging the Past: Invented Histories in Counter-Reformation Spain
 * 2015: Maureen C. Miller, Clothing the Clergy: Virtue and Power in Medieval Europe, c. 800-1200
 * 2014: John W. O'Malley, Trent: What Happened at the Council
 * 2013: Charles Keith, Catholic Vietnam: A Church from Empire to Nation
 * 2012: John Connelly, From Enemy to Brother: The Revolution in Catholic Teaching on the Jews, 1933-1965
 * 2011: Ulrich L. Lehner, Enlightened Monks: The German Benedictines, 1740-1803
 * 2010: Neal Pease, Rome’s Most Faithful Daughter: The Catholic Church and Independent Poland 1914 – 1939
 * 2009: John Van Engen, Sisters and Brothers of the Common Life: The Devotio Moderna and the World of the Later Middle Ages

title: John Gilmary Shea Prize


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Glengarry—Prescott—Russell (federal electoral district)

Glengarry—Prescott—Russell (formerly known as Glengarry—Prescott) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1953.

Geography
The district includes the United Counties of Prescott and Russell, the Township of North Glengarry and the former City of Cumberland (except for Orleans).

Major communities include Hawkesbury, Ottawa (part), Russell, Embrun, Casselman, East Hawkesbury, Alfred and Plantagenet, Champlain, Clarence-Rockland, North Glengarry and The Nation. Its area is 3,049 km2.

History
The district was created in 1952 as "Glengarry—Prescott" from parts of Glengarry and Prescott ridings. It consisted of Prescott County and Glengarry County.

In 1966, it was expanded to include Russell County excluding Cumberland Township. In 1970, the name was changed to "Glengarry—Prescott—Russell".

In 1976, the district was redefined to exclude Charlottenburgh Township and include Cumberland Township.

In 1987, it was redefined to consist of the United Counties of Prescott and Russell, the County of Glengarry and Akwesasne Indian Reserve No. 59 in the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, and the part of the Township of Cumberland excluding the part north of Innes Road and west of Regional Road No. 57 and Trim Road.

In 1996, it was redefined to consist of the United Counties of Prescott and Russell, the County of Glengarry (excluding the Township of Charlottenburgh), the Township of Cumberland in the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton, excluding the part west of Trim Road and North of Innes Road.

In 2003, it was redefined to consist of the United Counties of Prescott and Russell, the Township of North Glengarry in the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, and the part of the City of Ottawa east Cardinal Creek, Regional Road No. 174, Trim Road Wall Road, Mer Bleue Road and Boundary Road.

Following the 2012 redistribution of Canada's ridings, the riding lost the Cardinal Creek and Carlsbad Springs area to Orléans.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, this riding will be renamed Prescott—Russell—Cumberland at the first election held after approximately April 2024. It will gain the area east of Cardinal Creek and the rural area around the Mer Bleue Bog south to Highway 417 (including Carlsbad Springs and Ramsayville) from Orléans, and will gain a small piece of territory south of Innes Road from Ottawa—Vanier. It will lose all of the City of Ottawa south of Highway 417 to Carleton and North Glengarry to Stormont—Dundas—Glengarry.

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census

Languages: 54.2% French, 37.2% English

Religions: 76.9% Christian (61.7% Catholic, 2.7% United Church, 2.4% Anglican, 1.0% Presbyterian, 9.1% other), 21.4% none

Median income: $47,200 (2020)

Average income: $54,850 (2020)

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Glengarry—Prescott—Russell
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.

Glengarry—Prescott
Note: Ralliement créditiste vote is compared to Social Credit vote in 1963 election.

Note: NDP vote is compared to CCF vote in 1958 election.


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List of places on land with elevations below sea level

This is a list of places on land below mean sea level.

Places artificially created such as tunnels, mines, basements, and dug holes, or places under water, or existing temporarily as a result of ebbing of sea tide etc., are not included. Places where seawater and rainwater is pumped away are included. Fully natural places below sea level require a dry climate; otherwise, rain would exceed evaporation and fill the area.

All figures are in meters below mean sea level (as locally defined), arranged by depth, lowest first:

Historic and ice-covered areas
Deeper and larger than any of the trenches in the list above is the Bentley Subglacial Trench in Antarctica, at a depth of 2,540 m. It is subglacial, covered permanently by the largest glacier in the world. Therefore, it is not included in any list on the page. If the ice melted it would be covered by sea.

The biggest dry land area below sea level that has been known to exist during the geological past, as measured by continuous volume of atmospheric air below sea level, was the dry bed of the Mediterranean Sea of the late Miocene period during the Messinian salinity crisis.


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User talk:Illuminatus~enwiki

Please don't create nonsense articles. RickK 07:40, Feb 5, 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Illuminatus~enwiki


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MVCML

Multiple-valued current mode logic (MVCML) or current mode multiple-valued logic (CM-MVL) is a method of representing electronic logic levels in analog CMOS circuits. In MVCML, logic levels are represented by multiples of a base current, Ibase, set to a certain value, x. Thus, level 0 is associated with the value of null, level 1 is associated with Ibase = x, level 2 is represented by Ibase = 2x, and so on.

title: MVCML


text: User talk:82.156.36.2

title: User talk:82.156.36.2