text:
Clan Chattan

Clan Chattan (Na Catanaich or Clann Chatain) is a unique confederation of Highland clans. This distinctive allied community, at its greatest extent of seventeen separate Scottish clans (currently twelve), who each had their own clan chief recognized under Scottish law, but who were united under and bound to the superior chief of the Confederation for mutual solidarity, sustenance and protection in the Middle Ages and early modern period in the Scottish Highlands. A tribal community of this magnitude was a source of apprehension to both the Lord of the Isles and the Kings of Scots and records exist of machinations to "crying doon the Clan Chattan" by formenting internal dissension.

Origins and early history
There are multiple theories about the true origins of this clan:

 * The name Chattan may have come from the Catti who were a tribe of Gauls that had been driven out by the Romans.
 * Another theory is that the name comes from Catav in Sutherland.
 * The most widely accepted theory is that they descended from Gillichattan Mor who was the great servant of Saint Cathan. Gillichattan is believed to have been appointed the co-arb or bailie of the abbey lands of Ardchattan Priory, by the Lord of Argyll, Duncan MacDougall.

In the time of Malcolm II of Scotland the Clan Chattan possessed the lands of Glen Loy and Loch Arkaig. It was here that Tor Castle became the clan chief's seat. Not much is certain about the history of the clan until towards the end of the 13th century. Eva, daughter of Gilpatric or Dougal Dall, 6th chief of Clan Chattan in Lochaber, married Angus Mackintosh, 6th chief of Clan Mackintosh, in 1291. Thus Angus Mackintosh became 7th chief of Clan Chattan. They resided at Tor Castle before withdrawing to Rothiemurchus due to the enmity of Aonghus Óg of Islay, chief of Clan Donald. As a result, the lands at Arkaig were occupied by Clan Cameron who claimed that they had been abandoned. This was the beginning of a long and bitter feud that was fought between the Clan Chattan and Clan Cameron until 1666.

Another reason for the migration is explained in MacPherson clan traditions in that in 1309 Robert the Bruce offered the lands of Badenoch to them if they destroyed the Bruce's enemies, the Clan Comyn.

The earliest official document, the MS 1467 which recognises the Clan Chattan is dated 1467; but the chronicler Bower, writing about 1440, speaks of Clan Chattan in 1429. Bellenden, in his translation of Boece, about 1525, is the first who talks of the clan having been at the Inches in Perth in 1396, and this probably owing to a misprint in the original, of Clan Quhete for Quhele'. He calls it Quhattan.

Clans belonging to the Clan Chattan Confederation
Prior to the 14th century, the Clan Chattan was a conventional Scottish clan. However it evolved into an alliance or confederation of at least seventeen clans which was made up of:

 * firstly of the descendants of the "blood" or the original clan (Clan Cattanach, Clan Vurich/Clan MacPherson, Clan MacPhail and Clan Dhai/Clan Davidson (according to Skene) and possibly Clan Vean/Clan MacBean (or McBain)). The MacMartins of Clan Cameron and Clan MacMillan are also sometimes described as have being originally related to the Old Clan Chattan but parted ways.
 * secondly of the Clan Mackintosh and their cadet branches (Clan Shaw, Clan Farquharson, Clan MacThomas) and Clan Davidson (according to the Kinrara MS, the clans principal account of their origins and early history).
 * thirdly of families who were not originally related by blood (Clan MacGillivray who took protection around 1268, Clan Tearlach/the Macleans of Dochgarroch, the Clan Revan/MacQueens of Strathdearn and the Clan Inteir/MacIntyres of Badenoch). Other less known clans are also recorded:
 * The Vic Gories, who took protection around 1369.
 * The Dhus of Strathnairn, who took protection around 1373.
 * Clan Slioch Gow Chruim/The Gows or Smiths, who took protection around 1399.
 * Clan Clerich/The Clarks, who took protection around 1400.
 * Clan Tarril, the Kinrara MS also states, " In the time of Lachlan (8th of Mackintosh, who died in 1407), a small clan from Strathnairn settled in Petty, becoming followers of Mackintosh." Within two generations however, their status changed. Gillespie, a brother of the Earl of Ross, entered Petty with reivers driving off cattle and inhabitants. The invaders were surprised at Culloden by Duncan and two other sons of Malcolm Mackintosh, who recovered the stolen goods, but were too late for Clan Tarril, nearly all of whom were slain.
 * The Sliochd Gillie vor MacAonas who took protection around 1485.
 * The Finlay Cheir who took protection around 1502. and
 * 'Clan an t-Saoir', Clan Andrish or the MacAndrews ('Clan Gillandrish'). The Kinrara MS states a Donald MacGillandris, was part of a bridal retinue of Mora MacDonald of Moydart, future wife of the 10th Chief of Mackintosh. Settled at Connage in Petty. This family is mentioned in a royal summons for the “Maisterfull spoliatioun’’ of Halhill in 1513 with Dougal Mor Mackintosh.

The Skene assumption
William Forbes Skene, however, gave a different version of how Clan Chattan was formed prior to the Mackintosh alliance. Clan Vuirich (Clan MacPherson) and Clan Day (Clan Davidson) were the original co-founders and referred to as old Clan Chattan. Added to these were six "stranger septs" who took protection from the clan. These were Clan Vic Ghillevray (Clan MacGillivray), the Clan Vean (Clan MacBean), the Clan Vic Govies, the Clan Tarrel, the Clan Cheanduy, and the Sliochd Gowchruim or Smiths.

However, Skene's phrase about "stranger septs" and the names linked to them is not supported by any of the works of the respected Clan Chattan historians, and may therefore be a historical error by Skene, whose shortcomings have been noted by later writers – one of Skene's harshest critics was the Scottish philologist Alexander MacBain.

Sir Æneas Mackintosh/Charles-Fraser Mackintosh assumption
Noted historian of Clan Chattan, Charles Fraser-Mackintosh, in his 'An Account of the Confederation of Clan Chattan; its kith and kin' (the work known as 'Minor Septs of Clan Chattan') published a list of 16 associated tribes of Clan Chattan, along with an associated date reference, as written down by Sir Æneas Mackintosh. It begins with The Clan vic Gillivray, 1271. The second clan is The Clan Wurrich (Macpherson), 1291 and the third is The Clan Vean (Macbeans), 1292; then the fourth is The Clan Day (Davidsons), 1350. Others follow including (No.9) The Clan Tearlich (Macleans of the North), 1400, (No.10) The Clan Revan (Macqueens), 1400 and (No.14) The Clan Phail (Macphails), 1500.

In his 'The Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan' (1903), A. M. Mackintosh arranges his chapters to provide a history of Clan Chattan, its chiefs and its Mackintosh branches, then in Chapter XV details the 'Tribes and Families of Clan Chattan other than the Mackintoshes of Inverness-shire'.

 * He begins (page 405) with the heading 'Clans Springing from the Mackintoshes': the Shaws, the Farquharsons, the Mackintoshes of Dalmunzie, the McCombies and Clan Thomas.
 * Then A. M. Mackintosh comes to Part II of this chapter headed 'Clans Supposed to be of the Blood of the Old Clan Chattan' (i.e. not Mackintoshes, but members of Eva's family): the MacPhersons, the Cattanachs, the MacBeans and the MacPhails.
 * The author then covers in Part III of the same chapter, headed (page 496) 'Clans Not of the Blood of either MackIntoshes or Old Clan Chattan': the MacGillivrays, the Davidsons, the Macleans of Dochgarroch, Clan Tarril, the Smiths or Gows, the MacQueens or Clan Revan, Clan Andrish and the Clarks or Clan Chlerich.

The members today
Today, the Clan Chattan Association, which is based in Scotland with members across the world, comprises the following twelve principal clans:

 * Clan Davidson
 * Clan Farquharson
 * Clan MacBean
 * Clan MacGillivray
 * Clan Mackintosh
 * Clan MacPhail
 * Clan MacPherson
 * Clan MacQueen of Strathdearn
 * Clan MacThomas
 * Clan Shaw of Tordarroch
 * The MacIntyres in Badenoch
 * The Macleans of Dochgarroch (the Macleans of the North), (See 15th century Battle of Harlaw)

Old Chattan chiefs
The following is a list of the traditional chiefs of the Clan Chattan before marriage between Eva, heiress of Clan Chattan, with the Chief of Clan Mackintosh, through whose marriage a new line of Mackintosh Captains (Chiefs) of Clan Chattan was created : Thereafter the Chiefs of Clan Mackintosh are also the Chiefs of Clan Chattan. See: Chiefs of Clan Mackintosh.

The Chattan Confederation Chiefs
Each Clan in the Confederation retained their chiefs, but acknowledged the Mackintosh chief as the overall Captain of the Confederation.

The separation of titles
In 1942, the Lyon Court separated the leadership of Clan MacKintosh and Clan Chattan. The leadership of Clan Chattan passed to the Mackintosh of Torcastle line. The Chief of Clan Mackintosh had been at the same time Captain of Clan Chattan, until the death of Alfred Donald Mackintosh of Mackintosh CBE, who chose as his heir to the Mackintosh inheritance Rear-Admiral Lachlan Donald Makintosh CB DSO DSC. The omission of a stipulation in Alfred's will, concerning inheritance of the captaincy of Clan Chattan, led The Lord Lyon of the day to create the historic separation of the two titles. Lachlan became The Mackintosh of Mackintosh, and his cousin Duncan Alexander Eliott Mackintosh became Mackintosh of Mackintosh-Torcastle, and Head of the hail kin of Clan Chattan. At this juncture the chieftainship of Mackintosh and Clan Chattan split.

The last few Clan Chattan Confederation chiefs therefor were:

 * Duncan Alexander Eliott Mackintosh of Mackintosh-Torcastle, born 1 December 1884 and died 29 May 1966. He married Ellen Primrose Smith and they had three sons and two daughters.
 * Kenneth Mackintosh, born 23 November 1916, who became the 32nd Chief of Clan Chattan. He married Margaret Farmer and had two children.
 * Duncan Alexander John Mackintosh, born in 1946, according to Burke's Peerage.
 * However, a genealogy published in an updated history of the Clan Mackintosh noted that Duncan died young, and that his younger brother Malcolm Mackintosh (born 20 October 1950) succeeded their father, who died in 1976, as 33rd Chief of Clan Chattan, becoming styled as Malcolm Mackintosh of Mackintosh-Torcastle and Clan Chattan.

Clan Mackintosh therefor remains the principal clan of the Clan Chattan Confederation and the current and past Mackintosh of Mackintosh has been President of the Clan Chattan Association.

Battles, Skirmishes and Raids
Clan Chattan as a whole or as individual clans were involved in the following events:

 * Scottish–Norwegian War
 * 1263 Battle of Largs
 * Wars of Scottish Independence
 * 1314 Battle of Bannockburn
 * 1337 Battle of Drumlui
 * Second War of Scottish Independence
 * 1346 Battle of Neville's Cross
 * 1370 Battle of Invernahavon
 * 1391 Raid on Angus by Clan Shaw and led by the Wolf of Badenoch, an illegitimate son of King Robert II.
 * 1396 Battle of the North Inch, Judicial combat
 * 1407 Invasion of Chattan lands by brother of Earl of Ross, Chattan Clan Tarril completely slain.
 * 1411 Battle of Harlaw
 * 1424 Clan Shaw ambush and skirmish with Clan Comyn at Lag na Cuimenach near Loch Pityloulish.
 * 1424 Comyns invasion of Mackintosh lands at Meikle, Geddes and Rait, as well as subsequent attack on Moy where they unsuccessfully tried to drown the Mackintoshes on their island of Moy. Subsequent reconciliation between the two parties at the Rait Castle led to the slaughter of the Comyn hosts.
 * 1429 Battle of Palm Sunday
 * 1429 Battle of Lochaber
 * 1431 Battle of Inverlochy
 * 1441 Battle of Craig Cailloch
 * 1450 Clan MacPherson retaliatory raid on the Clan Comyn (MacNivens) for stealing cattle near Raitt's Cave
 * 1454 Battle of Clachnaharry Skirmish with Clan Munro on passage money demanded by Clan Mackintosh
 * 1491 Raid on Ross
 * 1526 Hector Mackintosh, uncle of the infant chief of Mackintosh raised the town of Dyke against the Earl of Moray who had the infant in his custody
 * 1528 King James V issues a commission of Fire and Sword against the entire Clan Chattan with the Earl of Moray to carry out "utter extermination and destruction" of the clan and its supporters "leaving none alive except priests, women and children" in an effort to catch Hector Mackintosh.
 * 1531 Clan Mackintosh lay siege to Darnaway Castle
 * 1534 Battle of Glasgow Muir see Mackintosh of Killachie
 * 1544 Battle of the Shirts
 * Anglo-Scottish Wars
 * 1547 Battle of Pinkie
 * Mary, Queen of Scots feuds
 * 1562 Battle of Corrichie
 * 1568 Battle of Langside
 * 1570 Battle of Bun Garbhain
 * 1592 Retaliatory Mackintosh raid into Strathdee and Glenmuick on 10 November, during which four Gordon lairds were killed.
 * 1592 Auchindoun Castle of the Gordons destroyed by Clan Mackintosh in retaliation due to the 6th Earl George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly's, killing their ally, The Bonny Earl O’Moray.
 * 1594 Battle of Glenlivet, Both sides
 * 1602 Raid on GlenIsla, Largest recorded cattle raid in Scottish history when MacGregors, MacDonells of Glengarry and Clan Chattan, carried away over 2000 cattle, but were subsequently ambushed by the Robertson's of Straloch
 * 1602 Skirmish at Loch Garry, Clan Macpherson ambushes a Clan MacColl raiding party
 * 1604 Raid on the Earl of Airlie, Cattle raid by Finlay Farquharson
 * 1606 Raid on Delreddy, Cattle raid by Donald Farquharson and others
 * 1607 Raid on Gask, Cattle raid by Clan Mackintosh
 * 1612 Raid on Kilvarock, Cattle raid by Clan Mackintosh
 * 1618 Fire and Sword: Sir Lauchlan Mackintosh obtained commission against Macdonalds of Keppoch for laying waste his lands in Lochaber. He conceived he had a right to the services of the whole Confederation but some were now tenants of the Marquis of Huntly, but were ordered nonetheless. This offended the Earl of Enzie, the marquis's son, who summoned Mackintosh before the Privy Council, for having, as he asserted, exceeded his commission.
 * 1624 Raid on John Steward, Cattle raid by Gillichallum Mackintosh
 * 1634 Raid on Hew Ross, Cattle raid by Clan Mackintosh
 * Wars of the Three Kingdoms
 * 1644 Battle of Tippermuir Royalist Forces levy conscripts in Badenoch mainly from Clan MacPherson
 * 1645 Battle of Alford Royalist Forces levy 300 conscripts from Clan Farquharson
 * 1645 Battle of Kilsyth Royalist Forces levy 300 conscripts from Clan Farquharson
 * 1645 Battle of Philiphaugh Chief of Clan MacThomas withdrew his support from Royalists after this defeat
 * 1665 Stand-off at the Fords of Arkaig, amicable end to feud with Clan Cameron
 * 1665 Skirmish in Inverness, between of the MacDonells of Glengarry and Mackintoshes in Inverness resulting in £4,800 in damages and fees for a surgeon
 * 1688 Battle of Mulroy, Fort Dunachton destroyed, Clan MacPherson rescue MacKintosh chief
 * Jacobite rising of 1689
 * 1689 Battle of Killiecrankie
 * Jacobite rising of 1715
 * 1715 Battle of Preston
 * Jacobite rising of 1719 see William Mackintosh of Borlum
 * Jacobite rising of 1745
 * 1745 Clifton Moor Skirmish
 * 1745 Battle of Inverurie
 * 1746 Battle of Falkirk Muir
 * 1746 Atholl raids
 * 1746 Battle of Culloden

Confederation Agreements
The list below shows some of the more important agreements of the Confederation in terms of Bands of union, friendship, maintenance and manrent.

1397 Band Of Union
The Chattan Confederation‟s first band may have been created in 1397 after the Battle of the North Inch, but it only lasted 14 years until 1411 when Clan MacPherson decided to take a different stand than the rest of the Chattan Confederation in regional politics.

1543 Band of Union
Signed at Inverness by most of the tribes of Clan Chattan in reaction mainly to threats on their lands in Rothiemurchus by Clan Grant. Lachlan Mackintosh of Mackintosh wrote to the Chief of Clan Grant that he wanted to repurchase his "own native country of Rothiemurchus", but was ignored. Mackintosh then threatened to raise the tribes of Clan Chattan against him.

1609 Band of Union
After the death of Mackintosh of Dunnachten in 1606, the Mackintoshes made an effort to reunite the clan and bring to an end the "controversies, questions, debates and hosts, that has fallen furth betwixt the said haill kin of Clan Chattan these times bygone, whereupon there followed groat incanvanisnciss" The Chattan Confederation came together at Termit about five miles from Inverness in 1609 to sign a new Band.

1664 Band of Union
Renewal of the 1609 Band, signed at Kincairne, but with an additional clause of action against Ewan Cameron in response to a Royal Commission seeing the Camerons as rebels at that point.

1756 Band of Union for a Deed of Consent
The MacBeans of Faillie ventured into land holdings but had developed a huge debt. As the MacBean's estate was not enough to pay off the debt, these lands fell under control of the court. The whole debt, with interests and costs, then fell onto the wider Clan Chattan. The burden, however, was still too heavy, and the estate was of little use to the MacBeans after 1744. By 1756 William MacBean consented to MacKintosh's reclaiming the Laggau lands, signing a deed of consent. This deed was also signed by other leaders of Clan Chattan, such as Alexander MacPhail of Inverernie, Robert MacKintosh, Tacksman of Termite, William MacKintosh of Aberarder, William MacKintosh of Holme and John MacKintosh of Calclachie. These heads of Clan Chattan signed this agreement at Gask, in Strathnairn, on the 27th October, 1756, in presence of Donald MacBean and Alexander Fraser, farmer in the Mains of Tordarroch. This document is peculiarly interesting in respect that it is dated several years after the Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746 came into effect, which abolished such agreements and the powers of clan chiefs.

2009 Band of Union
To celebrate the 400th anniversary of the 1609 Clan Chattan Band of Union, a new Band of Union was signed in 2009 to renew the clans historic connection.

Other Agreements

 * 1467: Friendship with Lord Forbes and others, on the one part; and Duncan Macintosh, of Clan Chattan, Hugh Rose of Kilravock and others, on the other part.
 * 1481: Maintenance between Farquhar Macintosh, son and apparent heir of Duncan Macintosh, of Clan Chattan, to Hugh Rose of Kilravock.
 * 1490: Manrent and marriage between Duncan Mackintosh to Cawdor.
 * 1527: Friendship between Hector Mackintosh of Mackintosh and Hector Munro of Foulis, Chief of Clan Munro; John Campbell of Cawdor, Hugh Rose of Kilravock, Chief of Clan Rose; and "Donald Ilis of Sleat".
 * 1549: Friendship between William Mackintosh of Dunachton and Earl John of Sutherland.
 * 1568: Friendship between Lachlan Mackintosh and Earl of Huntly as his superior and confirmation of control of the lands of Benchar, Clune, Kincraig, Schiphin, Essich, Bochrubin, Dundelchat and Tordarroch.
 * 1588: Friendship with William Macleod of Macleod, 13th chief of Clan Macleod.
 * 1589: Bond agreement between Mackintosh and MacDonald of Keppoch that he would pay 2000 pounds for rent in his lands.
 * 1590: Friendship and protection between clans Mackintosh and Grant of Freuchy and against aggressive Earls.
 * 1591: Manrent between MacPherson and the Earl of Huntly signed at Huntly Castle.
 * 1593: Manrent between Mackintosh of Dunnachten and the Earl of Moray.
 * 1595: Manrent between Clan Farquharson and Clan Chattan and acknowledgement of the Chief of the Mackintosh as their superior chief.
 * 1609: Manrent between Donald MacQueen of Corrybrough and the chiefs of Clan Chattan.

Internal disputes

 * Between clans MacPherson and Davidson as to which clan would form on the right wing of the Confederation Chief in battle in 1370.
 * Between clans Mackintosh and MacPherson over the hereditary leadership of the Clan Chattan Confederation and sealing a separate agreement of manrent with the Earl of Huntly in 1591. In 1672, Duncan MacPherson of Cluny applied for and obtained from Lord Lyon the matriculation of arms as "the laird of Cluny MacPherson as the only true representer of the ancient and honorable family of Clan Chattan". However, the Chief of MacIntosh at that time successfully sued a reduction and Lyon apparently charged Cluny with adding supporters which had not been really granted in the text of the parchment. MacIntosh was thus upheld as the Chief of Clan Chattan.
 * Between clans Mackintosh and MacPherson over the construction of a mill in the same river as that of the existing MacPherson one. This argument led to the Mackintoshes asking the Grants to assist them in the fight to which they refused and the MacPhersons pulling down the incomplete structure.
 * Between clans Shaw and Farquharson: a fight between a party from Rothimurcus and Finla Mor Farquharson and his followers over of a claim made by Shaws to the lands of Invercauld.
 * Between clans MacPhail with Shaw over debt owed to clan MacGillivray for land speculation in 1662.
 * Between clans Farquharson and MacThomas over disputed grazing rights in upper Glenisla around 1673.

It is not clear if the Confederation had a formal dispute resolution process for internal disputes. There is however a recorded agreement dated 4 June 1726, appointing Macgillivray of Dunmaglass arbiter between Lachlan, 20th chief of Mackintosh, and Lachlan Macpherson of Cluny, in any disputes that might arise in the carrying out of an agreement made between the two at Moy Hall on 15 September 1724.

External disputes
Throughout the 16th Century, the Clan Chattan Confederation was caught up in the machinations of the Earls of Mar, Moray and Huntly, particularly George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly, mainly to use parts of the clan in their respective earldoms in disputes between themselves. This led to external attempts to divide the various tribes of Clan Chattan by undermining known internal disputes.

James Stuart, 3rd Earl of Moray tried to take back lands in Pettie and Strathern from Clan Chattan his father, James Stewart, 2nd Earl of Moray had gifted them for loyal support. This then resulted in an insurrection against the Earl. The Earl then issued at letter of intercommuning against the Clan Chattan, preventing anyone from assisting or harboring clan members under severe penalty. The matter was resolved after large fines were paid and several clan members executed. Details of this issue was recorded by John Spalding, a noted historian of the era.

Clan Association
The activities of the Clan are carried on by the Clan Chattan Association, a descendant of the original association established in 1727 for the purpose of defending the interests of the clan "against all who would seek the injury of any of its subscribers".

In the nineteenth century, many clan societies and associations emerged, with the aim of promoting social interaction between people linked by a common name, and interest in their clan's history. Among these was the second Clan Chattan Association, founded in Glasgow in 1893. Initial support for the association was strong with the meetings, lectures and dances described as "a brilliant success", but it faded out by about 1900. Even so, clan historians of that period produced several works which are still used today.

In the summer of 1933, the third Clan Chattan Association was founded in London. Now based in Scotland, the association has worldwide membership. It organizes a number of activities, such as the annual events in early August at Moy Hall in conjunction with the Highland Field Sports Fair. Members are kept informed of events through the annual journal of the association.

Modern Council of Clan Chattan

The council of Clan Chattan comprises eight Chiefs, who represent all of the individual clans, as president and Vice Presidents:

 * John Mackintosh of Mackintosh (President)
 * Philip Farquharson (Vice President)
 * James Brodie Macpherson of Cluny (Vice President)
 * Iain Shaw of Tordarroch (Vice President)
 * Richard McBain of McBain (Vice President)
 * Grant Guthrie Davidson of Davidston (Vice President)
 * Andrew MacThomas of Finegand (Vice President)
 * The Very Reverend Allan MacLean of Dochgarroch (Vice President)

Of the remaining clans of Clan Chattan:
 * Clan MacGillivray has a clan Commander but no claimant to the chiefship.
 * Clan MacPhail's last reported chief died in Australia in the early 1900s The clan has however started a process to select a Commander.
 * Clan MacQueen's chiefly line moved to New Zealand and although descendants remain, there has been no claimant to the chiefship.

Clan profile

 * The correct pronunciation of Chattan is Hattan. The "C" is silent. The "H" is slightly guttural.
 * Pipe music: Gathering of Clan Chattan

In Folklore and Culture

 * In a book of Scottish Songs, published in Edinburgh in 1791, there is a ballad entitled "Hardyknute" which contains the following:

"Syne he has gane far hynd attowre · Lord Chattan's land sae wyde That Lord a worthy wight was ay Quhen faes his courage seyd : Of Pictish race by mother's syde, Quhen Picts ruled Caledon, Lord Chattan claim'd the princely maid, Quhen he saift Pictish crown."

 * The Fair Maid of Perth is an 1828 novel by Sir Walter Scott, one of the Waverley novels. Inspired by the strange, but historically true, story of the Battle of the North Inch, it is set in Perth (known at the time as Saint John's Toun, i.e. John's Town) and other parts of Scotland around 1400.
 * The 1886 novel Kidnapped by author Robert Louis Stevenson details the Macpherson chief Ewen MacPherson of Cluny in the aftermath of the 1745 Jacobite rebellion.
 * "The Curse of Moy" is a poem by Mr. Morrit of Rokeby, included in Scott's Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border. During the period 1704 and 1833 no Mackintosh Chief left a son to follow him, a circumstance known as "The Curse of Moy," with the result that the leadership of the clan passed from kinsman to kinsman.

title: Clan Chattan


text:
Talk:List of places in Warwickshire

Untitled
This seems to need a lot of dab work--many links go to disamb pages or other uses. Niteowlneils 04:22, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I was planning to do that, I only created it a few days ago. The wp is running so slowly at the moment that I was waiting until it speeded up a bit. You could always help of course. G-Man 19:57, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:List of places in Warwickshire


text:
Harold en Italie

Harold en Italie, symphonie avec un alto principal (Harold in Italy, symphony with viola obbligato), as the manuscript describes it, is a four-movement orchestral work by Hector Berlioz, his Opus 16, H. 68, written in 1834. Throughout, the unusual viola part represents the titular protagonist, without casting the form as a concerto. The movements have these titles, alluding to a programme:
 * 1) Harold in the mountains
 * 2) March of the pilgrims
 * 3) Serenade of an Abruzzo mountaineer
 * 4) Orgy of bandits

Creation
The Italian composer Niccolò Paganini encouraged Hector Berlioz to write Harold en Italie. The two first met after a concert of Berlioz's works conducted by Narcisse Girard on 22 December 1833, three years after the premiere of Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique. According to Berlioz' Memoires, Paganini had acquired a "superb viola", a Stradivarius (the so-called "Paganini-Mendelssohn" ) — "But I have no suitable music. Would you like to write a solo for viola? You are the only one I can trust for this task." ("J'ai un alto merveilleux, me dit-il, un instrument admirable de Stradivarius, et je voudrais en jouer en public. Mais je n'ai pas de musique ad hoc. Voulez-vous écrire un solo d'alto? je n'ai confiance qu'en vous pour ce travail.")

Berlioz began "by writing a solo for viola, but one which involved the orchestra in such a way as not to reduce the effectiveness of the orchestral contribution". When Paganini saw the sketch of the allegro movement, with all the rests in the viola part, he told Berlioz it would not do, and that he expected to be playing continuously. They then parted, with Paganini disappointed. A few years later, Paganini was in Paris again and attended a concert including the Symphonie Fantastique and Harold en Italie conducted by Berlioz. After the concert Paganini went to see Berlioz and told him he had never been as touched as by Harold, then kneeled and kissed Berlioz's hand.

Lord Byron's poem "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" inspired the mood of Harold, Berlioz wrote.

"My intention was to write a series of orchestral scenes, in which the solo viola would be involved as a more or less active participant while retaining its own character. By placing it among the poetic memories formed from my wanderings in the Abruzzi, I wanted to make the viola a kind of melancholy dreamer in the manner of Byron's Childe-Harold."

That he had recycled some of the material from his discarded concert overture Rob Roy went unmentioned. Despite Berlioz' mention of Byron, music critics, including Donald Tovey, have pointed out that Harold in Italy owes nearly nothing to the poem: "no definite elements of Byron's poem have penetrated the impregnable fortress of Berlioz's encyclopaedic inattention,...there is no trace in Berlioz's music of any of the famous passages of Childe Harold."

Form
From a formal point of view, the work can be regarded as a symphony. For example, it has four movements, the third of which is a Beethovenesque scherzo. The solo parts never have a virtuoso style comparable to other solo concertos. The viola has its most important role in the first movement, where it introduces the Harold theme as well as the two secondary themes.

In addition to the solo viola, the work calls for 2 flutes (2nd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes (1st doubling cor anglais in movement III), 2 clarinets in C (movements I, III, and IV) and A (movement II), 4 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 cornets, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, cymbals, triangle, 2 tambourines, harp and strings.

Throughout the work the viola represents Harold. The first movement, Harold aux montagnes, traces scenes his melancholic character encounters in the mountains. The manner in which the viola theme hesitantly repeats its opening phrase — gaining confidence, like an idea forming, before the long melody spills out in its entirety — was satirized in a musical paper after the premiere: "Ha! ha! ha! – haro! haro! Harold!" it began, a cheeky touch Berlioz recalled years later in his Mémoires. In the second movement, Marche des pèlerins, Harold accompanies a group of pilgrims; in the third, Sérénade, his mistress is enchanted by music. The last movement, Orgie de brigands, finds the hero spiritually drained and in wild company, perhaps in a tavern. (Jacques Barzun reminds us: "The brigand of Berlioz's time is the avenger of social injustice, the rebel against the city, who resorts to nature for healing the wounds of social man." )

History
Harold in Italy was premiered on 23 November 1834 with the Orchestre de la Société des Concerts du Conservatoire, Chrétien Urhan playing the viola part, Narcisse Girard conducting. Even though the second movement "March of the Pilgrims" received an encore, this performance contributed to Berlioz's decision to conduct his own music in the future.

Paganini did not hear the work he had commissioned until 16 December 1838; then he was so overwhelmed by it that, following the performance, he dragged Berlioz onto the stage and there knelt and kissed his hand before a wildly cheering audience and applauding musicians. A few days later he sent Berlioz a letter of congratulations, enclosing a bank draft for 20,000 francs.

Franz Liszt prepared a piano transcription (with viola accompaniment) of the work in 1836 (S.472).

 * Notable performances
 * 1842, 1 February, Paris, Salle Vivienne – Jean-Delphin Alard (soloist); Berlioz (conductor)
 * 1842, 26 September, Brussels – Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst (soloist); Berlioz (conductor)
 * 1847, 5 May, Saint Petersburg premiere – Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst (soloist); Berlioz (conductor)
 * 1848, 7 February, London premiere – Henry Hill (1808–1846) (soloist); Berlioz (conductor); Drury Lane Theatre
 * 1853, 22 November, Bremen – Joseph Joachim (soloist); Berlioz (conductor)
 * 1853, 1 December, Leipzig – Ferdinand David (soloist); Berlioz (conductor); Gewandhaus Orchestra
 * 1868, 11 January, Moscow – Ferdinand Laub (soloist); Berlioz (conductor); Moscow Conservatory Orchestra
 * 1868, 8 February, Saint Petersburg – Hieronymus Weickmann (soloist); Berlioz (conductor); final performance under the direction of the composer
 * 1937, 4 February – Lionel Tertis (soloist, his last public performance); Ernest Ansermet; BBC Symphony Orchestra

The first studio recording was made by RCA in 1944 with William Primrose and the Boston Symphony Orchestra conducted by Serge Koussevitzky.

The piece was used in Terrence Malick's 2013 film To The Wonder, starring Ben Affleck and Olga Kurylenko. The film has several visual references to the composition's content and history.

Recordings
Harold en Italie has been frequently recorded.

 * William Primrose, NBC Symphony Orchestra, Arturo Toscanini, 2 January 1939 live broadcast
 * William Primrose, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Serge Koussevitzky, 1944
 * Gunther Breitenbach, Vienna Symphony, Rudolf Moralt, 1950
 * William Primrose, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Thomas Beecham, 1952
 * Carlton Cooley, NBC Symphony Orchestra, Arturo Toscanini, 1953
 * Frederick Riddle, London Philharmonic Orchestra, Hermann Scherchen, 1953
 * Joseph de Pasquale, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Charles Munch, 1954
 * Ladislav Cerny, Czech Philharmonic, Vaclav Jiracek, 1955
 * Frederick Riddle, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Sir Thomas Beecham, 1956
 * Heinz Kirchner, Berlin Philharmonic, Igor Markevitch, 1957
 * William Primrose, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Charles Munch, 1958
 * William Lincer, New York Philharmonic, Leonard Bernstein, 1961
 * Yehudi Menuhin, Philharmonia Orchestra, Colin Davis, 1963
 * Klaas Boon, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Pierre Monteux, 1963
 * Georg Schmid, Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, Rafael Kubelík, 1964
 * Rudolf Barshai, Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, David Oistrakh, 1964
 * Walter Trampler, London Symphony Orchestra, Georges Prêtre, 1969
 * Joseph de Pasquale, Philadelphia Orchestra, Eugene Ormandy, 1970
 * Claude Ducrocq, Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg, Alain Lombard, 1974
 * Nobuko Imai, London Symphony Orchestra, Colin Davis, 1975
 * Daniel Benyamini, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Zubin Mehta, 1975
 * Joseph Suk, Czech Philharmonic, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, 1976
 * Donald McInnes, Orchestre National de France, Leonard Bernstein, 1977
 * Pinchas Zukerman, Orchestre de Paris, Daniel Barenboim, 1977
 * Robert Vernon, Cleveland Orchestra, Lorin Maazel, 1977
 * Yuri Bashmet, USSR State Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra, Vladimir Fedoseyev, 1981
 * Lubomir Jaly, Czech Philharmonic, František Jílek, 1981
 * Milan Telecky, Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra, Onderj Lenard, 1982
 * Wolfram Christ, Berlin Philharmonic, Lorin Maazel, 1985
 * Douglas McNabney, Orchestre Symphonique de Québec, Simon Streatfield, 1985
 * Pinchas Zukerman, Montreal Symphony Orchestra, Charles Dutoit, 1988
 * Yuri Bashmet, Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra, Eliahu Inbal, 1989
 * Gérard Caussé, Orchestre du Capitole de Toulouse, Michel Plasson, 1991
 * Gérard Caussé, Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique, John Eliot Gardiner, 1994
 * Laurent Verney, Orchestre de l'Opéra Bastille, Myung-whun Chung, 1996
 * Bruno Pasquier, Orchestre Philharmonique Regional Montpellier, Cyril Diederich, 1996
 * Bruno Giuranna, BBC Symphony Orchestra, Maxim Shostakovich, 1996
 * Rivka Golani, San Diego Symphony, Yoav Talmi, 1996
 * Gérard Caussé, Orchestra del Teatro La Fenice, Jean Fournet, 1997
 * Mikhail Tolpygo, USSR State Academic Symphony Orchestra, David Oistrakh, 1997
 * Csaba Erdélyi, New Zealand Symphony Orchestra, Marc Taddei, 2001
 * Tabea Zimmermann, London Symphony Orchestra, Colin Davis, 2003
 * Naoko Shimizu, Sendai Philharmonic Orchestra, Kazuhiro Koizumi, 2007
 * Jean-Eric Soucy, Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra, Sylvain Cambreling, 2009
 * Antoine Tamestit, Les Musiciens du Louvre, Marc Minkowski, 2011
 * Stefano Passaggio, Zagreb Philharmonic Orchestra, Milan Horvat, 2011
 * David Aaron Carpenter, Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra, Vladimir Ashkenazy, 2011
 * James Ehnes, Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, Sir Andrew Davis, 2014
 * Antoine Tamestit, hr-Sinfonieorchester, Eliahu Inbal, 2018
 * Timothy Ridout, Orchestre Philarmonique de Strasbourg, conducted by John Nelson CD Erato 2022

title: Harold en Italie


text:
Hermione Lee

Dame Hermione Lee, (born 29 February 1948 ) is a British biographer, literary critic and academic. She is a former President of Wolfson College, Oxford, and a former Goldsmiths' Professor of English Literature in the University of Oxford and Professorial Fellow of New College. She is a Fellow of the British Academy and of the Royal Society of Literature.

Early life and education
Born in Winchester, Hampshire, daughter of Benjamin Lee (1922-2019), of Polish and Lithuanian Jewish parentage, and Josephine, née Anderson (died 2003), Lee grew up in London, where her father was a GP. She was educated at the Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle, City of London School for Girls, and Queen's College, London. She took a first-class degree in English Literature at St Hilda's College, Oxford, in 1968 and an MPhil at St Cross College, Oxford, in 1970.

Academic career
Lee has taught at the College of William and Mary in Virginia, at the University of Liverpool (where she was awarded an Honorary DLitt in 2002) and at the University of York, from 1977 to 1998, where she held a personal chair in the Department of English and Related Literature, and where she received an Honorary DLitt in 2007. Since 1998, she has been the Goldsmiths' Professor of English Literature and the first woman Professorial Fellow of New College, Oxford. She succeeded Sir Gareth Roberts as the sixth President of Wolfson College, Oxford, in 2008, serving until the end of academic year 2016–17. She is a lifetime Honorary Fellow of the Rothermere American Institute at the University of Oxford.

Honours and fellowships
Lee is a Fellow of the British Academy, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, a Fellow of the Rothermere American Institute, University of Oxford, an Honorary Fellow of St Hilda's and St Cross College, Oxford; and a member of the Athenaeum Club.

Appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2003 for services to literature, Lee was promoted to Dame Commander (DBE) in the 2013 Birthday Honours for services to literary scholarship, and again to Dame Grand Cross (GBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours for services to English literature.

In the US, Lee has been a Visiting Fellow teaching at the Beinecke Library at Yale University, a Whitney J. Oates Fellow at the Council for the Humanities at Princeton, an Everett Helm Visiting Fellow at the Lilly Library at the Indiana University at Bloomington, and the Mel and Lois Tukman Fellow of the New York Public Library's Cullman Center for Scholars and Writers in 2004–05. In 2003, she became a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Writing
Lee has written widely on women writers, American literature, life-writing, and modern fiction. Her books include The Novels of Virginia Woolf (1977); a study of the Anglo-Irish novelist Elizabeth Bowen (1981, revised 1999); a short critical book, the first published in Britain, on Philip Roth (1982) and a critical biography of the American novelist Willa Cather, Willa Cather: A Life Saved Up (1989, reissued in a revised edition by Virago in 2008).

She published a major biography of Virginia Woolf (1996), which won the British Academy Rose Mary Crawshay Prize, and was named as one of The New York Times Book Review′s best books of 1997.

Lee has published a collection of essays on biography and autobiography, Body Parts: Essays on Life-Writing (2005), and a biography of Edith Wharton, published to mixed reviews in 2007 by Chatto & Windus and Knopf. In 2013 the playwright Tom Stoppard asked her to write his biography. It was published in 2020.

She has edited and introduced numerous editions and anthologies of Kipling, Trollope, Virginia Woolf, Stevie Smith, Elizabeth Bowen, Willa Cather, Eudora Welty, and Penelope Fitzgerald. She was one of the co-editors of the Oxford Poets Anthologies from 1999 to 2002.

Lee is also known for her reviews, including for The Guardian, The New York Review of Books, and her work in the media. From 1982 to 1986, she presented Channel Four's first books programme, Book Four, and she contributes regularly to Front Row and other radio arts programmes. She chaired the Judges for the Man Booker Prize for Fiction in 2006, and has judged many other literary prizes. She has served on the literature advisory panels of the Arts Council and the British Council.

In writing her major biography of Tom Stoppard (2020), Lee was granted unprecedented access to the playwright's papers, letters and diaries, and conducted extensive interviews with key figures such as Felicity Kendal, Trevor Nunn, and Stoppard himself.

It was announced in 2021 that Chatto & Windus had signed a deal with Lee for her biography of writer Anita Brookner.

Personal life
Lee is married to Professor John Barnard, Professor Emeritus of the University of Leeds.

Awards

 * 1997 – Rose Mary Crawshay Prize for Virginia Woolf
 * 2003 – Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
 * 2013 – Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE)
 * 2013 – James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Penelope Fitzgerald: A Life
 * 2015 – Plutarch Award for Penelope Fitzgerald: A Life
 * 2023 – Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE)

Partial bibliography

 * The Novels of Virginia Woolf (1977)
 * Elizabeth Bowen: An Estimation (1981)
 * Philip Roth (1982)
 * Willa Cather: Double Lives (1989)
 * Virginia Woolf (1996)
 * Body Parts: Essays on Life-Writing (2002)
 * Virginia Woolf's Nose: Essays on Biography (2005)
 * Edith Wharton (2007)
 * Biography: A Very Short Introduction (2009)
 * Penelope Fitzgerald: A Life (2013)
 * Lives of Houses (editor, with Kate Kennedy, 2020)
 * Tom Stoppard: A Life (2020)

title: Hermione Lee


text:
Talk:Cetology

Untitled
I am not removing the Moby Dick quote, as it's a nice epigraph, but as it stands it is a little misleading: Melville quotes this line form Cpt. William Scoresby's Journal of a Voyage to the Northern Whale-Fishery (1823). Melville's name is probably a more striking reference, but I am unsure of a succinct way to clarify the true author.

I find it ludicrous that the only image in this article shows a fox. --Etxrge 06:42, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Cetology. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090130050016/http://www.whaletrackers.com/ to http://www.whaletrackers.com/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:15, 26 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cetology


text:
User talk:Michael Triggaman

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Hyacinth 04:27, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Michael Triggaman


text:
User talk:0pera

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Hyacinth 04:28, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:0pera


text:
User talk:C-squared

*plink*

Restorationism
Hi. Would you support removing the copyedit notice from the Restorationism article, now? Quite a bit of work has been done on it since the notice was posted. Mkmcconn (Talk) 03:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a lot better. Completely different article now. I went ahead and removed the notice. --C-squared 12:05, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

Aquinas Institute of Theology
Hi I have tagged this image Image:AI DOMINIC.jpg as nosource if you can locate the source and add a copyright tag thanks Arnie587 22:24, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. --C-squared 00:17, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Article Improvement Drive
Wackymacs 07:09, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Religious Pluralism - Article Improvement Drive
Hi C-Squared, I wanted to inform you that we have worked out a new outline for Religious_pluralism, which you support for the Article Improvement; you are invited to take a look at that new structure, propose changes and participate in implementing it. Your expert knowledge on religion would be most welcome. --Robin.rueth 13:33, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

The Black Pope
I was just coasting through Talk:Society of Jesus and noticed you wondered "what specifically in the article has anything to do with a "black pope"?""the Black Pope" is a nickname for the head of the Jesuit order who is supposed to be the one really in charge of the Catholic Church (see various nutters such as Jack Chick ad nauseam). Judging by your use of the indefinite article and lower case letters you seem to have understood it as referring to a Pope from Africa. It doesn't. The Jesuits never really had a habit. Generally however they wore black and were nicknamed "the Blacks". Hence the Black Pope is the head of those dastardly intriguers the Jesuits. That's all. Thought you might like to know. Stroika 16:43, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Please help on William Shakespeare
Posted by PruneauT 01:06, 20 June 2006 (UTC) on behalf of the AID maintenance team.

You helped choose this week's WP:AID winner
- Davodd 05:50, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Please help on Astronomy
Posted by → Lzy Genius 11:49, 11 July 2006 (UTC) on behalf of the AID maintenance team.

You helped choose this week's WP:AID winner
Draicone (talk) 12:17, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

You helped choose as this week's WP:AID winner
Green caterpillar 00:21, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

You helped choose Mark Twain as this week's WP:AID winner
→ A z a  Toth 00:24, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

You helped choose Environmentalism as this week's WP:AID winner
AzaBot 18:31, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

You helped choose Islam as this week's WP:AID winner
Dev920 13:16, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

You helped choose Rosetta Stone as this week's WP:AID winner
AzaBot 16:19, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Sf2k screenshot.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Sf2k screenshot.png. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 12:14, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

Non-free rationale for File:Sf2k frontpage.png
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Sf2k frontpage.png. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under non-free content criteria, but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia is acceptable. Please go to the file description page, and edit it to include a non-free rationale.

If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified the non-free rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem. If you have any questions, please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 09:00, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:C-squared


text:
User talk:Prom3th3us

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Hyacinth 04:28, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Prom3th3us


text:
Willard J. Smith

Willard John Smith (May 14, 1910 – April 1, 2000) served as the 13th commandant of the United States Coast Guard from 1966 to 1970.

He was born in Suttons Bay, Michigan, and was the son of Oscar Smith, a retired commissioned warrant officer in the U.S. Coast Guard and his wife, Emma Bequist. Upon graduation from high school in Charlevoix, Michigan, he entered the University of Michigan, but later transferred to the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut.

Upon graduation from the academy in 1933, he was assigned to a Galveston, Texas-based Coast Guard cutter and later served as an aide to Commandant Russell R. Waesche from 1936 to 1939. During World War II, he was assigned to the Coast Guard's aviation branch and was responsible for the construction and commissioning of Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco, California, where he was assigned to duty until 1946. From 1946 to 1948, he served as commander of Coast Guard Air Station Traverse City, Michigan before his assignment as assistant chief of the Coast Guard's Aviation Division from 1948 to 1950. From 1950 to 1951, he attended the Armed Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia. From 1962 to 1965, he served as superintendent of the United States Coast Guard Academy.

From 1965 until his appointment as commandant, he served as commander of the Cleveland, Ohio-based 9th Coast Guard District. As commandant in 1967, he oversaw the transfer of the Coast Guard from the United States Department of the Treasury to the United States Department of Transportation.

Upon completion of his service as Coast Guard Commandant in June 1970, he moved to Traverse City, Michigan. The following October, he was appointed as Assistant Secretary for Safety and Consumer Affairs at the United States Department of Transportation, serving under then-Secretary of Transportation John A. Volpe until July 1971, when he returned to Traverse City. In 1973 he became admiral of the Great Lakes Maritime Academy in Traverse City, Michigan and held the position until 1974.

He subsequently moved to Atlantic Beach, Florida, where his wife, the former Harriet A. Lary died on February 2, 2000, two months before he himself died, aged 89. His remains were interred alongside his late wife at Arlington National Cemetery. At the time of his death, he was the oldest-living former Coast Guard Commandant.

title: Willard J. Smith


text: User talk:81.1.77.131

title: User talk:81.1.77.131


text:
User:Tygar/Photographs

You came from My User Page
My photographs published on Wikipedia are licensed, generally based on the GFDL template listed below, unless otherwise specified. If specified, the image below will be marked with an asterisk (**) and alternative copyright information will be listed on the image page.

title: User:Tygar/Photographs


text:
Jim Geraghty

James Richard "Jim" Geraghty (born July 5, 1975) is the senior political correspondent of National Review and author of several books. In addition to writing for National Review, Geraghty blogs for National Review Online and is a former reporter for States News Service.

Career
During the 2004 U.S. presidential election, Geraghty was often critical of Democratic Party presidential candidate John Kerry. At the time his weblog used the name "The Kerry Spot". It was later renamed "TKS". Geraghty reported on the Killian documents and Rathergate stories on a daily basis on behalf of National Review and was critical of CBS and Dan Rather. Geraghty was one of the self described Pajamahadeen.

Starting in March 2005, Geraghty posted to TKS from Turkey, where he lived as an expatriate. In January 2007, he moved from TKS to a new blog, originally named "The Hillary Spot", but since renamed to "The Campaign Spot".

Geraghty's first book, Voting to Kill: How 9/11 Launched the Era of Republican Leadership (Touchstone, ISBN 0-7432-9042-9) was published in 2006. He wrote the novel The Weed Agency, published by Crown Forum in June 2014, and coauthored Heavy Lifting with Cam Edwards, published by Regnery in October 2015.

In November 2022, he argued in the Washington Post that Florida's governor, Ron DeSantis, "would represent a return to normality" if elected U.S. president in 2024.

title: Jim Geraghty


text:
National Science Museum

National Science Museum may refer to:

 * Science Museum (London)
 * National Science Museum of Japan
 * National Science Museum, South Korea, South Korea
 * Gwacheon National Science Museum, South Korea
 * National Science Museum, South Korea
 * National Science Museum (Thailand)

title: National Science Museum


text: User talk:69.171.244.137

title: User talk:69.171.244.137


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of quadriplegic people

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was MERGE and REDIRECT to Quadriplegia; the merge has already been done.

I count five keeps, four merges (including the nominator), four deletes, and a troll. While there is no consensus to delete, a clear majority does not wish the article to survive independently. —Korath (Talk) 13:13, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)

List of quadriplegic people
This article is redundant, since the information is now on. A separate list of people is not needed and should be deleted. Bratsche 04:36, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The information in Quadriplegia should be about the condition, leaving the list of people with the condition in its own article.  This prevents the article from becoming unmanageable.  There's examples of this all over Wikipedia.  Here are some examples: Chinese American and List of Chinese Americans, Pornographic actor and List of erotic actors, Multiracial and List of multiracial people — J3ff 06:22, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Give it room to grow.  There's got to be other quadriplegic people listed on wikipedia that aren't here. —james_anatidae 06:51, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Separate the list from the condition. There are many more out there that can be added. -- Riffsyphon1024 09:15, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, then create a category for this. Radiant! 09:29, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Given the small size of both list and article, they should be merged back together, although if the list does grow, then a separate page is fine. Either way, it's not a VFD issue. sjorford →•← 10:54, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * delete. this is what categories are for. Avriette 14:21, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with Avriette.   If a quadriplegic is sufficiently notable to warrant an article, then that article can be placed in a category.  If a quadriplegic is not notable, then there is no purpose served by listing him or her in a list like this.   Being a quadriplegic is not inherently notable.  --BM 14:28, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into the main article. Due to the inherent tinyness of the list, I can't imagine it causing any problems if merged back. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  14:35, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is a category. Probably the other lists noted by J3ff should be as well, but that's just my opinion. HyperZonktalk 18:13, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Could be useful. JuntungWu 19:32, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: I merged it to Quadriplegia. Bratsche 21:55, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment:A list is not the same as a category. A category cannot show articles that are yet to be created.  A list on the other hand, can.  The links to uncreated articles in lists promotes the creation of new articles on Wikipedia, allowing it to grow. — J3ff 00:05, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Not exactly. It promotes the creation of substubs, not articles. Especially with something as relatively obscure as quadriplegia. Radiant! 09:36, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and expand. Megan1967 06:50, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect (already has been merged). Leave it in the main article until that article is large enough to require the split.  Don't make people load an extra page for no reason.  Rossami (talk) 06:39, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Recycling Troll 09:43, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Category:Wards of Sapporo

Wards of the city of Sapporo in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan.

title: Category:Wards of Sapporo


text:
Edwin J. Roland

Edwin John Roland (11 February 1905 – 16 March 1985), was a United States Coast Guard admiral and served as the twelfth Commandant of the Coast Guard from 1962 to 1966. During his tenure, Roland oversaw the replacement of many World War II era cutters under fleet modernization programs. He also assisted the U.S. Navy with operations in Vietnam by supplying crews and cutters for Operation Market Time. Roland was noted for his support in efforts to bring international safety standards to merchant shipping. Although Roland was already retired when the Coast Guard was transferred from the Department of Treasury to the newly formed Department of Transportation in 1967, he was largely responsible for the planning for the move and the Coast Guard retaining its military responsibilities along with its transportation related functions.

Early life and education
Roland was born and raised in Buffalo, New York. Growing up in Buffalo, he attended Canisius High School and later Canisius College in the city. He was accepted as a cadet at the United States Coast Guard Academy in 1926. While at the academy, he served as captain of the award-winning football squad, also playing on the baseball and basketball squads. He graduated from the Coast Guard Academy and was commissioned as an ensign on 15 May 1929.

United States Coast Guard
Following graduation from the academy, Roland reported aboard USCGC Shaw to serve as gunnery officer from 1929 to 1930 and as gunnery officer aboard USCGC Wilkes in 1930–1931. Shaw and Wilkes were a part of the destroyer force home-ported out of New London, Connecticut, and assigned the Rum Patrol. Roland was promoted 15 May 1931 to lieutenant (junior grade) and under his leadership, both cutters won gunnery trophies and he won a commendation for his contribution to the awards. In addition to his duties on the cutters, he was captain of the Coast Guard football squad that won the President's Cup in competition with teams from the Army, Navy and Marines in 1931. The President's Cup trophy was presented by Lou Henry Hoover, wife of President Herbert Hoover and accepted by Roland on behalf of the Coast Guard. In early 1932, he was in charge of target observation and repair for Destroyer Force cutters in the Gulf of Mexico and off Norfolk, Virginia. From September 1932 to 1934, he served as gunnery officer and navigator aboard USCGC Escanaba (WPG-77), based out of Grand Haven, Michigan. While serving aboard the Escanaba, Roland was promoted to lieutenant 15 May 1933.

Returning to the Coast Guard Academy in 1934, he served until 1938 as an instructor in physics and mathematics, and as assistant coach of the football, basketball, and baseball teams. During the summer of 1936, he participated in the summer practice cruise aboard USCGC Cayuga, assisting in the evacuation of Spanish Civil War refugees. In September 1938, Roland was assigned as the executive officer of USCGC Nemesis home-ported at St. Petersburg, Florida. He was later assigned duties as the commanding officer. In January 1940, he was transferred to New Orleans, Louisiana, to serve as the communications officer for the Eighth Coast Guard District and while serving in this capacity, he was promoted to lieutenant commander on 1 January 1942.

World War II
In May 1942, Roland was assigned to U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters as the Chief of the Enlisted Personnel Division at a time when the U.S. Coast Guard was expanding, growing from a small service of 25,000 men to a peak of over 175,000 personnel in 1944. While in this capacity Roland was promoted to commander. In October 1943, he was transferred to Task Force 60, a naval unit tasked with escorting convoys from the United States to Mediterranean ports; where he served as commander of the Escort Division. His flagship was the Coast Guard-crewed USS Vance (DE-387). Roland was awarded the Navy Commendation Ribbon for meritorious service as commander.

From December 1944 to March 1946, he served as the first commanding officer of the newly commissioned USCGC Mackinaw (WAGB-83), the first heavy-duty icebreaker built for Great Lakes service. For his meritorious service while commanding Mackinaw, he was awarded a Coast Guard Commendation Letter that cited him for icebreaking on an unprecedented scale while keeping shipping lanes open for both military and merchant vessels carrying urgently needed war supplies.

Post-war service
In April 1946, Roland moved to Cleveland, Ohio, as the Chief of Staff and Chief of the Operations Division of the Ninth Coast Guard District. He served in that capacity until June 1949 when he was named as commanding officer of USCGC Taney home-ported in San Francisco, California. While assigned to Taney, Roland was promoted to captain on 5 August 1949. In August 1950 he was transferred to the Coast Guard Academy as commandant of cadets where he served for the next four years. After a year of study at the National War College, Roland was assigned to Coast Guard Headquarters in the office of Chief of Staff in June 1955. On 16 March 1956 he assumed the position of Deputy Chief of Staff. Roland was nominated by President Dwight Eisenhower to be promoted to the rank of rear admiral. With confirmation by the Senate, he was promoted to flag rank effective 1 July 1956 and promptly assigned duties as commander, First Coast Guard District in Boston, Massachusetts. On 1 July 1960, Roland was assigned as both commander, Eastern Area; and commander, Third Coast Guard District at New York City.

On 1 February 1962, he received orders to report to Coast Guard Headquarters and on 12 February he was confirmed by the Senate as Assistant Commandant and promoted to vice admiral. New York City Mayor Robert F. Wagner presented Roland with the City of New York Medallion on 21 March for distinguished service as commander, Third Coast Guard District. On 23 April Roland was appointed by President John F. Kennedy as commandant of the Coast Guard and was promoted to the rank of admiral, both of which were confirmed by the Senate and made effective on 1 June 1962. On 1 June 1962 Admiral Edwin J. Roland relieved Admiral Alfred C. Richmond as Commandant at change-of-command ceremonies held aboard USCGC Campbell moored in the Washington Navy Yard.

Dillon Report
One of the first responsibilities that Roland undertook as commandant was to implement the recommendations of a staff report on U.S. Coast Guard roles and missions that was ordered by Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon. The implementation of the study required many changes in assets and personnel during his tenure as commandant. As international air traffic increased during the 1950s and 1960s, the requirement for ocean station cutters and more efficient operation of AMVER required increases in personnel and spurred the service to invest in better cutters and aircraft that could be used in search and rescue work. The U.S. Coast Guard acquired additional responsibilities in March 1963 with an agreement with the Navy relating to icebreaking duties in Arctic and Antarctic research missions. In May 1965 the U.S. Coast Guard acquired the Navy's five icebreakers, but the requirements for additional personnel recruiting to man the icebreakers delayed the actual transfer of the ships. The first icebreaker could not be crewed until July and the last was not transferred until November 1966. On 9 July 1963, Roland received the Legion of Merit from Secretary Dillon in recognition of his outstanding record in maintaining a military readiness posture "unparalleled in the peacetime history of the Coast Guard". During Roland's tour as commandant, the U.S. Coast Guard plan for modernization of its fleet of medium and high endurance cutters was realized with the launching of the first acquisition of a major cutter since World War II. The medium endurance cutter USCGC Reliance (WMEC-615) was commissioned 20 June 1964.

Vietnam War
Roland served as commandant during the time that the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) requested greater U.S. Navy involvement in interdiction of North Vietnamese troops and equipment into South Vietnam under Operation Market Time. The Navy did not have the patrol craft that would serve MACV's purposes and they requested assistance from the U.S. Coast Guard. Roland agreed to supply Point-class cutters and their crews to the operation, fearing that if the U.S. Coast Guard were left out of the Vietnam War that its standing as an armed service would be jeopardized. Coast Guard Squadron One was commissioned on 27 May 1965 and 17 cutters with their crews were assigned to Navy control and sent to Vietnam to assist with the mission of interdicting Communist vessels at sea and preventing personnel and supplies from entering South Vietnam. An additional nine Point-class cutters were assigned to Squadron One on 29 October at the request of MACV. The increased operations in Vietnam during Roland's time as commandant included buoy tenders to service Vietnamese aids to navigation. U.S. Coast Guard port security personnel were assigned at MACV's request after a visit to Vietnam by Roland in July 1965. There were additional manning requirements for new Loran-C radio stations for radio navigation of ships and aircraft. During the time of the Vietnam preparations he also managed the U.S. Coast Guard's response to the Camarioca boatlift operations in the Straits of Florida. In all, Roland oversaw the increase of over 3,500 additional personnel in 1966.

Department of Transportation transfer
During Roland's tenure as commandant, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announced the formation of the Department of Transportation and its new role as overseer of all federal transportation related activities. Roland was informed that the U.S. Coast Guard would be one of the agencies transferred to the new department. Although Roland initially opposed the move, Johnson made it clear that he had the executive power to split the U.S. Coast Guard into two separate agencies and move all transportation responsibilities to the Department of Transportation and leave a much smaller U.S. Coast Guard within the Department of the Treasury. Roland withdrew his opposition to the proposed move and asked only that the U.S. Coast Guard not be stripped of its identity as an armed service.

International conferences and civilian honors
On 15 January 1965, Roland received Italy's highest award, the Commendatore (Knight Commander) of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, for the U.S. Coast Guard's many years of assistance to Centro-Internazionale Radio-Medico, a humanitarian organization which arranges medical first-aid at sea for injured and sick seamen. In March 1966, Roland represented the United States to the Load Line Conference on merchant ships held at London, England. In May he served as a delegate to the Maritime Safety Committee of International Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO). The committee meeting reviewed merchant ship standards to prevent fires as occurred on board SS Yarmouth Castle. On 6 November 1965, he received the American Legion Distinguished Service Medal in which he was cited for outstanding contributions in chairing the Safety of Life at Sea subcommittee of the American Merchant Marine at the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), as well as his contributions to IMCO and the establishment and expansion of AMVER to both Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Awards and decorations
In addition to the Legion of Merit, Distinguished Service Medal, Commandant's Letter of Commendation, and the Navy Commendation Ribbon, Roland received the American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medal, European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, and World War II Victory Medal as well as the Expert Rifle and Expert Pistol Medals.

Later life and death
At change of command ceremonies held on 1 June 1966, Admiral Roland was relieved by the new commandant, Admiral Willard J. Smith, and Roland retired from the Coast Guard the same day. He was married to the former Jane Dare Fitch and had two sons, Edwin J. Roland Jr. and William F. Roland. Following his retirement as Coast Guard Commandant, he moved to Old Lyme, Connecticut, and died at the age of 80 while vacationing in St. Petersburg, Florida.

title: Edwin J. Roland


text:
Doumak

Doumak Inc. is a company based in Illinois, US, founded in 1961 by Alex Doumak. The company produces marshmallows and holds a patent for the extrusion process by which they are manufactured. , Doumak Inc.'s revenue is US$50 million.

Doumak Inc. began its marshmallow-making journey in 1921, producing cast mold marshmallows in Los Angeles, California. In 1954, Alex Doumakes invented and patented the extrusion process of manufacturing marshmallows. This breakthrough innovation allowed the mass production of marshmallows in a cost-efficient manner. Marshmallows went from being an expensive confection to an everyday sweet treat and favorite ingredient for many recipes. In 1961, the Doumak family moved the company to its current location outside Chicago, Illinois. In 2003, Doumak acquired the Campfire brand and opened its second manufacturing facility in the Chicago area.

title: Doumak