text:
2005 Sunjiawan mine disaster

The Sunjiawan mine disaster was a mine disaster that occurred on 14 February 2005 in Fuxin city, Liaoning province, in the northeastern part of the People's Republic of China. Initial reports indicated that at least 214 coal miners were killed, making it the worst mining disaster in China in at least 15 years.

The disaster was a gas explosion that occurred about 3:50 p.m. local time at the Sunjiawan colliery of the Fuxin Coal Industry Group in the city of Fuxin, about 242m (794 feet) underground. Twenty-two people were injured. The explosion reportedly occurred about ten minutes after an earthquake shook the mine.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 2005 Sunjiawan mine disaster


text:
Coyote Blue

Coyote Blue is a novel by American writer Christopher Moore, published in 1994.

The plot concerns a salesman in Santa Barbara, California, named Sam Hunter (a Crow Indian born Samson Hunts Alone) who, as a teenager, fled his home on the reservation when he was involved in the death of a law officer. The novel begins when the adult Sam has his life turned upside down by Coyote, the ancient Native American trickster-god.

One of the minor characters, "Minty Fresh" becomes an important feature of Moore's later work A Dirty Job.

In addition, Coyote Blue makes passing references to "Augustus Brine," from Moore's first novel, Practical Demonkeeping, and "Detective Sergeant Alphonso Rivera," from Practical Demonkeeping, Bloodsucking Fiends, A Dirty Job, You Suck, Bite Me, and Secondhand Souls.

Coyote also mentions having met Jesus Christ who was one of the main characters from Moore's novel Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ's Childhood Pal and made a minor appearance in Island of the Sequined Love Nun.

title: Coyote Blue


text:
Michael Stewart (basketball)

Michael Curtis "Yogi" Stewart (born April 24, 1975) is a retired French-born American basketball player who last played for the Atlanta Hawks of the NBA.

Early life
Stewart, son of former Santa Clara standout and European pro Mike Stewart, was born in Cucq, Pas-de-Calais, France and starred at Kennedy High School in Sacramento, California, leading the Cougars to back-to-back city section titles in 1990 and 1991.

Stewart earned his nickname "Yogi" from his older brother for his childhood love of Yogi Bear cartoons.

College career
Stewart played four seasons at the University of California, Berkeley. He averaged 4.3 ppg and 4.7 rpg in 117 games and finished as the Bears' all-time leading shot-blocker (207). Stewart set a school record by blocking 59 shots as a freshman in 1993–94 and holds the four best single-season totals for blocks in school history. He never missed a game, playing in all 117 games during his collegiate career and shooting .510 from the field.

At the 1994 U.S. Olympic Festival, Stewart was a member of the bronze medal-winning West team.

NBA career
Stewart went undrafted in the 1997 NBA draft, but was signed to a one-year contract by the Sacramento Kings on September 11, 1997. This was a dream come true for Stewart, as he had served as a ball boy for the Kings in his youth. As a rookie in 1997–98, he led the Kings in blocked shots and ranked second overall among NBA rookies. He also blocked nine shots in one game. On January 21, 1999, Stewart was signed as a free agent by the Toronto Raptors. During the ensuing offseason, he was re-signed to a six-year, $24 million contract by the team.

In 2002, Stewart was traded from the Raptors (along with a future first round pick) to the Cleveland Cavaliers in exchange for Lamond Murray.

title: Michael Stewart (basketball)


text:
Kasuga

Kasuga (春日, かすが) may refer to:

Places

 * Kasuga, Fukuoka, a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
 * Kasuga Station (Fukuoka), on the Kagoshima Main Line
 * Kasuga, Hyogo, a former town in Hyōgo Prefecture
 * Kasuga, Gifu, a former village in Gifu Prefecture
 * Kasuga Shrine, a major Shinto shrine in Nara
 * Kasugayama Castle, the primary fortress of warlord Uesugi Kenshin
 * Kasuga Station (Tokyo), on the Toei Subway Mita Line and Ōedo Line

Ships

 * JAPANESE WARSHIP Kasuga, also called Kasuga Maru, a Japanese wooden paddle steamer warship of the Bakumatsu and early Meiji period
 * JAPANESE CRUISER Kasuga, an armored cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Russo-Japanese War
 * Kasuga-class cruiser, armored cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, in commission 1904–1945
 * JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIER Taiyō, also called Japanese Pacific Ocean liner Kasuga Maru, a Taiyō-class escort carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II

People with the surname

 * Carlos Kasuga, Japanese-Mexican businessman
 * Hachiro Kasuga (1924–1991), Japanese singer
 * Kanon Kasuga (born 2003), Japanese actress
 * Lady Kasuga or Kasuga no Tsubone (1579–1643)
 * Toshiaki Kasuga (born 1979), Japanese comedian
 * Shōjirō Kasuga (1903–1976), Japanese communist activist
 * Ichiban Kasuga, a character from the Yakuza series

Other uses

 * 7674 Kasuga, a main-belt asteroid
 * Ayumu "Osaka" Kasuga, a fictional character from the anime/manga series Azumanga Daioh
 * Kasuga-dōrō, a type of Japanese Tōrō (stone lantern)

title: Kasuga


text:
Civil Rights Act of 1991

The Civil Rights Act of 1991 is a United States labor law, passed in response to United States Supreme Court decisions that limited the rights of employees who had sued their employers for discrimination. The Act represented the first effort since the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to modify some of the basic procedural and substantive rights provided by federal law in employment discrimination cases. It provided the right to trial by jury on discrimination claims and introduced the possibility of emotional distress damages and limited the amount that a jury could award. It added provisions to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protections expanding the rights of women to sue and collect compensatory and punitive damages for sexual discrimination or harassment.

United States President George H. W. Bush had used his veto against the more comprehensive Civil Rights Act of 1990. He feared racial quotas would be imposed but later approved the 1991 version of the bill.

Predecessors
The 1991 Act was intended to strengthen the protections afforded by two different civil rights acts: the Civil Rights Act of 1866, better known by the number assigned to it in the codification of federal laws as Section 1981, and the employment-related provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, generally referred to as Title VII. The two statutes, passed nearly a century apart, approached the issue of employment discrimination very differently: Section 1981 prohibited only discrimination based on race or color, but Title VII also prohibited discrimination on the basis of sex, religion, and national origin. Section 1981, which had lain dormant and unenforced for a century after its passage, allowed plaintiffs to seek compensatory damages and trial by jury. Title VII, passed in the 1960s when it was assumed that Southern juries could not render a fair verdict, allowed only trial by the court and provided for only traditional equitable remedies: back pay, reinstatement, and injunctions against future acts of discrimination. By the time the 1991 Act was passed, both allowed for an award of attorneys' fees.

The 1991 Act expanded the remedies available to victims of discrimination by amending Title VII of the 1964 Act.

Background
Congress had amended Title VII once before, in 1972, when it broadened the coverage of the Act. It was moved to overhaul Title VII in 1991 and to harmonize it with Section 1981 jurisprudence, as a result of a series of controversial Supreme Court decisions:

 * Patterson v. McLean Credit Union,, which held that an employee could not sue for damages caused by racial harassment on the job because even if the employer's conduct were discriminatory, the employer had not denied the employee the "same right... to make and enforce contracts... as is enjoyed by white citizens," the language that Congress chose in passing the law in 1866.
 * Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio,, which made it more difficult for employees of Wards Cove Packing Company to prove that an employer's personnel practices, neutral on their face, had an unlawful disparate impact on them by requiring that they identify the particular policy or requirement that allegedly produced inequalities in the workplace and show that it, in isolation, had that effect.
 * Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins,, which held that the burden of proof shifted, once an employee had proved that an unlawful consideration had played a part in the employer's personnel decision, to the employer to prove that it would have made the same decision if it had not been motivated by that unlawful factor, but such proof by the employer would constitute a complete defense for the employer.
 * Martin v. Wilks,, which permitted white firefighters who had not been party to the litigation, establishing a consent decree governing hiring and promotion of black firefighters in the Birmingham, Alabama, Fire Department, to bring suit to challenge the decree.
 * United Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.,, which held that Title VII prohibits gender-specific fetal protection policies.

Changes
Patterson had attracted much criticism since it appeared to leave employees victimized by racial harassment on the job with no effective remedies, as they could not prove a violation of Section 1981 and could rarely show any wage losses that they could recover under Title VII. In addition, the Court's narrow reading of the phrase "make or enforce contracts" eliminated any liability under Section 1981 for lost promotions and most other personnel decisions that did not constitute a refusal to hire on the basis of race or color.

Congress addressed the issue by redefining the phrase "make and enforce contracts" to include "the making, performance, modification, and termination of contracts, and the enjoyment of all benefits, privileges, terms, and conditions of the contractual relationship." Congress also clarified that Section 1981 applied to both governmental and private discrimination, the issue that the Supreme Court originally announced it would decide in Patterson.

Congress also believed that the Wards Cove case made it too difficult to prove disparate impact claims under Title VII. While the amended Act still generally requires that a plaintiff identify particular employment practice(s) allegedly causing a disparate impact, Congress added that an employer's decisionmaking process may be analyzed as a whole if the plaintiff can show that "the elements of [an employer's] decisionmaking process are not capable of separation for analysis." Congress also established that the employer has the burden of proof on the business necessity defense and restored the meaning of "business necessity" to how it was interpreted before Wards Cove. Congress did not, however, alter the portion of Wards Cove describing the plaintiff's burden with respect to statistical proof, in which the court had held: "The mere existence of a statistical imbalance in an employer's workforce on account of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin is not alone sufficient to establish a prima facie case of disparate impact violation."

While the majority in Congress supported the burden-shifting rule in Price Waterhouse, it was uncomfortable with how that case gave the employer the ability to prove that it would have made the same decision in any event, as a complete defense in a case in which it had been shown that race or gender or another unlawful factor played a significant role in its decision. Congress amended the Act to provide that the employer's proof that it would have made the same decision in any case was a defense to back pay, reinstatement and other remedies but not to liability per se. The practical effect of this change was to allow a party that proved that the employer discriminated but could not show that it made any practical difference to the outcome could still recover attorney's fees after showing that the employer discriminated, even if no other remedy was awarded.

Finally, Congress limited the rights of non-parties to attack consent decrees by barring any challenges by parties who knew or should have known of the decree or who were adequately represented by the original parties.

The Act also authorized jury trials on Title VII claims and allowed Title VII plaintiffs to recover emotional distress and punitive damages, while imposing caps on such relief. The 1991 Act also made technical changes affecting the length of time allowed to challenge unlawful seniority provisions, to sue the federal government for discrimination, and to bring age discrimination claims, but it allowed successful plaintiffs to recover expert witness fees as part of an award of attorney's fees and to collect interest on any judgment against the federal government.

title: Civil Rights Act of 1991


text:
Madeleine Peyroux

Madeleine Peyroux (born April 19, 1974) is an American jazz singer and songwriter who began her career as a teenager on the streets of Paris. She sang vintage jazz and blues songs before finding mainstream success in 2004 when her album Careless Love sold half a million copies.

Music career
A native of Athens, Georgia, Peyroux grew up in New York and California. In interviews, she has called her parents "hippies" and "eccentric educators" who helped her pursue a career in music. As a child, she listened to her father's old records and learned to play her mother's ukulele.

When she was thirteen, Peyroux's parents divorced, and she moved with her mother to Paris. Two years later she began singing with street musicians in the Latin Quarter. She joined a vintage jazz group called the Riverboat Shufflers, then The Lost Wandering Blues and Jazz Band, with whom she toured Europe.

Discovery and breakthrough
Peyroux was discovered by a talent agent from Atlantic Records, which released her debut album, Dreamland (1996). She recorded cover versions of songs from the 1930s and '40s (Billie Holiday, Bessie Smith, Fats Waller) with a group of seasoned musicians: James Carter, Cyrus Chestnut, Leon Parker, Vernon Reid, and Marc Ribot. A year later she covered the song "Life is Fine" for a Rainer Ptacek tribute album.

In 2004 she released the EP Got You on My Mind with William Galison. Her second full-length album, Careless Love, was released by Rounder Records and produced by Larry Klein. Careless Love was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) after having sold half a million copies. It included songs by musicians such as Bob Dylan, Hank Williams, and Leonard Cohen. Klein produced her next album, Half the Perfect World, which was recorded with Jesse Harris, k.d. lang, and Walter Becker. Half the Perfect World reached No. 33 on the Billboard magazine Top 200 albums chart. Klein and Becker returned to work with Peyroux on her album Bare Bones (Rounder, 2009). She wrote all the songs on the album, co-writing some with Klein and Becker and Julian Coryell. Two years later, Standing on the Rooftop was released by Decca Records, produced by Craig Street, and recorded with Christopher Bruce, Charley Drayton, Meshell Ndegeocello, Marc Ribot, Jenny Scheinman, and Allen Toussaint.

Later career
In 2004, the release of Peyroux's planned second album was delayed because of her vocal problems. These were attributed to over-use of her voice as a result of intensive touring. After discovering a cyst on her vocal cords, she needed surgery, and attempted to recover by re-training her voice. She stated that it took years to rebuild her voice, and she considered giving up singing.

In 2006, she successfully released Half the Perfect World, and in the same year performed a live session at Abbey Road Studios, UK, which was released on the album Live from Abbey Road. During the next year she won Best International Jazz Artist at the BBC Jazz Awards.

Reception
In 2013 a New York Times music writer compared her vocal style to that of Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, and Edith Piaf. Her song "A Prayer" appeared in the television show Deadwood (2005), and her version of "J'ai deux amours" was included in the film Diplomacy (2014).

Collaborations and guest appearances
With William Galison
 * Got You on My Mind (Waking Up, 2004)

With The Lost Wandering Blues and Jazz Band
 * Spreading Rhythm Around

With The Sachal Ensemble
 * Song of Lahore (Universal, 2016)

title: Madeleine Peyroux


text:
Thaimail

Thaimail was Thailand's first webmail provider, operating from 15 April 1997 to 1 September 2014. The service was conceived as a free public service by the IT company ARIP, at a time when the Internet was first being introduced to Thailand. The website featured menus in the Thai language, and later included e-cards, chat rooms, discussion boards and classifieds services.

The service could be accessed via a typical web browser on any internet connected computer. Thaimail users received @thaimail.com as their email address. At the end of its service, Thaimail had over four million registered users.

title: Thaimail


text:
Talk:Fidel Castro/Archive 2

Infobox picture
Shouldn't the picture be Castro in his military fatigues? He is almost never seen in a suit so that picture isn't a very good portrayal of him--65.25.250.220 06:07, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * No, we have to see the triumphant Líder Maximo *chuckle* This is Trey 09:01, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * You have been warned on User talk:This is Trey. 172 20:07, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Someone takes herself way too fuckin' seriously. J. Parker Stone 22:11, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

No mention of the Pope in this article? J.P. II meeting F. C. was a big media event.

Contentious Allegations
There are several allegations that the US/CIA has engaged in biowarfare against Cuba. The sources for the allegations are Philip Agee's Covert Action Information Bulletin, which if KGB defector Vasili Mitrokin is to be believed, is actually written by the Cuban GDI and at least till 1991, the KGB. Now, there are also many allegations of Cuban involvement in Middle Eastern terrorism which do not make it into the article.

My questions are then, do these accusations stay in and why; and do we also include Cuba's involvement in Middle Eastern terrorist organizations and Cubas alleged (at least alleged by Cuban defectors) biowarfare program? TDC 04:37, Jan 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * The "do we also" implies some relationship between the accusations, which is kind of pffft. Evaluate them separately. --chaizzilla 02:20, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately articles like this, or anything controversial, turn into tit for tat battles. Castro's record on human rights sucks, but he only does bad things because the US is using decent to undermine Cuba. Do we believe Philip Agee or Vasili Mitrokin ?So how, exactly, do we evaluate these charges. What specific methodology and criteria are to be used? TDC 03:39, Jan 28, 2005 (UTC)

Grammar Issue
In this sentence -- In February 1960, Cuba signed an agreement to buy oil from the Soviet Union when the U.S.-owned refineries in Cuba refused to process the oil they said were expropriated. -- something seems off with the grammar, If I fix it I'd be making it say what I change it to, when I can see more than one way the sentence might have been meant to go. --chaizzilla 02:20, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I believe this is an attempt (not by you) to insert some Cuban POV into the article. An earlier version of the article can explain.

 * In February 1960, Cuba signed an agreement to buy oil from the USSR. When the U.S.-owned refineries in Cuba refused to process the oil they were expropriated, and the United States broke off diplomatic relations with the Castro government soon after.

The article as it currently exist seems to throw doubt on the fact that Cuba expropriated all American owned oil refineries when they refused to process Soviet Oil. I doubt anyone can provide a source to state anything other than Cuba expropriated US refineries, and all other foreign assets, shortly after the revolution. I will make the appropriate changes. TDC 03:26, Jan 28, 2005 (UTC)

Neutrality
I have to dispute the neutrality of this article. It seems to be written by a party member.

We could be a bit more critical
Hey, viva la revolución and all that, but we could still be a little more critical of old Fidel without being lackeys of Uncle Sam, you know. Chamaeleon 02:43, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fidel Castro/Archive 2


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lightweight Matrix Engine

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 03:19, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)

Lightweight Matrix Engine
This is a specific technical component of a product that hasn't yet merited its own article either. The article doesn't show how it's notable in itself. CDC  (talk)  02:51, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, expand. Megan1967 06:46, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, ad. Wyss 18:54, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, ad. —Korath (Talk) 07:58, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Comstock Lode

Comstock Lode's production of silver
I'm a bit confused about the total amount of silver that the Comstock Lode churned out. I've read in some sources: And in this article:
 * $300 million worth of silver
 * $310 million
 * $400 million

Which is it? --71.49.212.77 00:35, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

That's a poorly phrased question. We measure silver that is mined and refined in ounces. The value of those ounces are relative to the market prices per ounce at the time adjusted by inflation. You will get more accurate numbers in terms of ounces mined than $ worth of metal, as the numbers you get could vary wildly based on how the dollar amount was calculated. These types of figures shouldn't be given in terms of monetary worth as the fundamental unit, just as supplemental information. --Anonymous 02:26, 12 October 2012 (EST)

In the section titled Big Bonanza's, I am planning a link to a large ore production table which lists the production of silver and gold in each year of production. This table was initially publisthed in the Territorial Enterprise newspaper, and is reproduced in many other sources, including some government publications. Casimir 19:37, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Perhaps it would be more reliable to speak in terms of number of ounces of silver mined, not dollar's worth, since today, a dollar's worth of silver is rapidly changing, and is greatly different than it was back when the dollar was defined as an amount of silver by the Consitution. 71.142.51.78 01:36, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

I added a sentence with a new reference which quoted the quantity of silver mined in tonage, not dollars.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Casimir (talk • contribs) 20:59, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

Rocker?
The references to rocker and Long_Tom both lead to pages where nothing appears relevant. 212.32.104.148 15:33, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Fixed Long Tom. Megapixie 04:18, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

The Discovery of Silver
Uh, what happened to this section? Why is there no information/text in it? Is the article unfinished or has the text been removed for some reason? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.69.160.130 (talk) 07:47, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

Fate of Discoverers, Comstock's relationship
As a decendant of Henry Comstock, I have a family historical book at my father's house that accounts the story from the Comstock point of view. Since I don't have the book in front of me, I'm placing some accounts of the story here in the discussion page until I can get the exact information and, of course, my sources references. Here's some important information that I've discovered through my research in the past. Again, once I confirm my sources, I'll try to implement into the article.

The discovery is not disputed. The rightful owners were. The original discoverers, Ethan Allen Grosh and Hosea Ballou Grosh, were mineralologists of a sort. But they were short on funding. They were going to take some samples to San Francisco to hopefully drum up some investment interest. On the way, they got caught up while crossing the mountains, and they both contracted gangreen. They both eventually died before returning to the mine.

Henry Comstock was left to watch over the Grosh home and the mine while they travelled to San Franciso. When they didn't return, Comstock was reported as laying claim to the mine himself, thus where he got into disputes with McLaughlin and O'Reilly.

--Coplan 18:34, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I borrowed the text from my father. Text is called "A History and Geneology of the Comstock Family in America" by John Adams Comstock.  I added all the info above that I was able to fully verify, and referenced accordingly.  I do not have an ISBN for this book (and I so noted in the reference).  I know that it is a limited pressing book and that there are only a rare number of books around.  How do I fully reference a book, something that may or may not be part of the Library of Congress, on Wikipedia? --Coplan 05:39, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

Bibliography vs. References
A portion of this page uses the reference prototype, which is the Wikipedia preferred preferred method method for referencing. I restored the reference section (which disappeared along the way) as a lot of the references were never mentioned due to the lack of this section. Now that it's back, I would highly suggest that the items mentioned in the bibliography be referenced in the same manner and the "bibliography" should be deprecated. There are plenty of proper examples directly in this article for your consultation. --Coplan 17:07, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

The Four Kings
Where is John Mackay in this list? Every listing of the kings I've ever seen in Virginia City or at the Nevada Sate Museum lists Mackay as such. Anyone know where the current kings list came from?--Jusenkyoguide 11:12, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

I created the original Four Kings list from memory, based on a display panel I read in a bar in Virginia City. I may be in error, but have not been able to complete research or provide any references. Casimir 02:34, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

I notice that there are five people listed under the heading "Four kings." Apparently the original heading came from the wall of a bar in Virginia City. I'm changing the heading to "Comstock kings" to be more inclusive.Plazak (talk) 19:18, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Haunting?
When I was a child, I remember reading about the Comstock Lode in a book about ghost stories focused on historic American locations. Has anyone else ever heard any stories on this line, and would it be worth including? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.97.69.26 (talk) 13:43, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

Early mining and milling
"The Mexicans adopted their methods of arastras, the patio process and adobe smelting furnaces to process silver ore." Is "adopted" a typo for "adapted?" Maybe "introduced" would be a better choice? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.253.143.79 (talk) 14:07, 29 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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"The author wishes you to believe that Nevada is an insignificant silver producer."
...seemed out of place, since it lacks a referent (which author) expresses an opinion, and is jarring. So I removed it. ++Lar: t/c 04:40, 20 December 2016 (UTC)

 * The article currently states:

"However, since 1878, Nevada has been a relatively minor silver producer, with most subsequent bonanzas consisting of more gold than silver. In 1900, Jim Butler discovered Nevada's second largest silver strike in Tonopah, Nevada. Nevada is currently ranked as the second largest producer of silver within the United States."

That suggests there is only one significant silver producer in the USA and it isn't Nevada; I don't think that can be correct? Stub Mandrel (talk) 14:39, 15 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Comstock Lode


text:
Anapu

Anapu is a city in Pará, Brazil. Its population in 2020 was 28,607 inhabitants. The territorial area of Anapu is 11,895 km2.

Anapu's rain forests are subject to massive clearcutting.

Anapu attracted international attention on February 12, 2005, when the American-born, naturalized Brazilian citizen Sister Dorothy Stang—member of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, and advocate for the rural poor of the Amazon Rainforest—was murdered there.

title: Anapu


text:
Atlantis (role-playing game)

Atlantis is a fantasy role-playing game (RPG) originally published by Bard Games, set in the ancient world before Atlantis sank. It first consisted of three books: The Arcanum, The Lexicon, and The Bestiary, and for this reason was originally called The Atlantean Trilogy or The Atlantis Trilogy.

Atlantis was one of the many fantasy RPGs that followed the rise of the popular Dungeons & Dragons RPG in the late 1970s. However, instead of featuring a fictional fantasy world such as D&Ds Greyhawk or Runequests Glorantha, Atlantis is based on a pseudo-historical version of the Earth and features historical mythology and creatures from myth.

Setting
The world setting is Earth, but in a fictionalized Antediluvian Age (a quasi-historical/mythical interpretation of the ancient past).

Geography
The geographic regions and real-world influences are: Mythical continents are also added:
 * Mediterranea (Europe)
 * Eria (North America)
 * Tamoanchan (South America)
 * Turan (Arabia)
 * Gondwana (Africa)
 * Jambu (Asia)
 * the Nether Realm (Antarctica)
 * Anostos and Jotunland (Iceland and Greenland).
 * Atlantia (Atlantis),
 * Antilla,
 * Hyperborea
 * Lemuria
 * Mu
 * and others

Publication history
In the 1980s a group of friends — Vernie Taylor, Steven Cordovano, and Stephan Michael Sechi — who played a highly customized version of Dungeons & Dragons with new, specialized character classes and magic spells, decided to publish their improvements to the game. Each of them put up $600 to form Bard Games.

The Compleat Series
In 1983 the new company published three books known as the "Compleat Series": The Compleat Adventurer by Sechi, The Compleat Spell Caster by Taylor and Sechi, and The Compleat Alchemist by Cordovano and Sechi. No specific role-playing system rules were mentioned, the unwritten assumption being that players would use the popular Dungeons & Dragons rules.

First edition: The Atlantean Trilogy
The following year, the books of The Compleat Series were combined with a new role-playing system into one central rulebook, The Arcanum, a 156-page softcover book by Sechi and Taylor. This was followed in 1985 by The Lexicon, a 128-page softcover book by Sechi, Taylor and Ed Mortimer that provided the setting, and The Bestiary in 1986, a 132-page softcover book written by Sechi and J. Andrew Keith that provided the creatures. As a result, the role-playing game became known as The Atlantean Trilogy; later versions with fewer than three books were simply titled Atlantis.

Sechi would go on to produce the role-playing game Talislanta, also published by Bard Games in 1987.

In the 2014 book Designer & Dragons: The '80s, game historian Shannon Appelcline wrote that "Because of the success of their Compleat books, Bard Games decided to combine the best information from those supplements within a game system and a setting. The result — which would become known as "The Atlantis Trilogy" — would really put Bard on the map. Stephan Michael Sechi oversaw this new and daunting project — which took three years to complete. Eventually he produced three books: The Arcanum (1984), The Lexicon (1985), and The Bestiary (1986). The system was clearly derivative of D&D, but it also introduced character skills and point-based character creation. The setting was a bit more unique, as it portrayed an antediluvian world of myth (though it also contained some off-key elements including typical fantasy races of D&D and even druids). Some players embraced the new game as a more complex D&D with a uniquely textured setting."

Second edition: Atlantis
A second edition of The Arcanum was published in 1985 with revised and updated rules. Three years later, Bard Press combined The Lexicon and The Bestiary into a single book, Atlantis: The Lost World.

Third edition: Atlantis
In 1996, Death's Edge Games released a third edition, largely based on the second edition, with the addition of a new race, the Selkie.

Atlantis: The Second Age
In 2005, Khepera Publishing released Atlantis: The Second Age replacing Bard Game's original role-playing rules with Morrigan Press's Omni System.

In 2014, Khepera Publishing released a newer and updated version via kickstarter for Atlantis: The Second Age 2e using a different System : Omega System.

30th anniversary edition
In 2012, K. David Ladage purchased the rights to The Arcanum, but not the rights to The Lexicon and The Bestiary, which were still held by Khepera Publishing. The following year, doing business as ZiLa Games, Ladage ran a Kickstarter to re-release The Arcanum in a new, cleaned up and re-edited form. However, when ZiLa was unable to deliver after three years, all backers were reimbursed their entire pledge. In 2017, he ran a second Kickstarter to re-release The Arcanum and both a PDF of the book and the book itself were delivered in 2019.

Reception
In the December 1986 edition of White Dwarf (Issue #85), Phil Frances reviewed all three books of the original edition of The Atlantean Trilogy, and noted the similarities to Dungeon & Dragons, commenting "I found myself playing Spot the D&D Equivalent — a game not mentioned in the book. It sure whiffs of That Game a lot [...] It's pretty obvious from the start which game this was primaririly intended for." He concluded that The Arcanum was probably not an essential buy for more experienced gamers, saying, "You can get by without this if you already own a roleplaying game; if not, its a solid starting base." Frances had good things to say about both The Lexicon — "oodles of pretty maps" — and The Bestiary — "my favourite because of the illustrations by Bill Sienkiewicz (of Marvel Comics)."

In his 1990 book The Complete Guide to Role-Playing Games, game critic Rick Swan called this game "a winner" but pointed out that "As a game it's adequate, but nothing special. As a supplement [to another role-playing game such as Dungeons & Dragons] Arcanum is unsurpassed, easily one of the best treatments of magic ever published." Swan concluded by giving the game a rating of 3 out of 4, saying, "For those interested in expanding the magic systems of other fantasy RPGs, Arcanum serves as an excellent source of ideas."

title: Atlantis (role-playing game)


text:
Justin Leonard

Justin Charles Garrett Leonard (born June 15, 1972) is an American professional golfer. He has twelve career wins on the PGA Tour, including one major, the 1997 Open Championship. He currently plays on the PGA Tour Champions. He is one of only 5 players to win the U.S. Amateur, the NCAA Individual Championship and a major golf tournament.

Early life
Leonard was born and raised in Dallas, Texas. He graduated from Lake Highlands High School in 1990.

Amateur career
Leonard attended the University of Texas in Austin. With the Longhorns he won 4-straight Southwest Conference Championships (1991-1994) and went to 4 straight NCAA Championships, with the team finishing in 2nd place in 1994. He won 10 individual events in college, including the individual NCAA championship in 1994 and the Southwest Conference Championship a record 4 times (1991-1994). He won the 1992 U.S. Amateur. He made the All-Southwest Conference team every year he was in college and was a three-time 1st team All-American (1992, 1993, 1994) - and a 2nd team All-American in 1991. He won the Haskins Award and Jack Nicklaus Award in 1994 as the most outstanding collegiate golfer. That same year, he became only the fourth player to go directly from college to the PGA Tour without going through Q School, following Gary Hallberg, Scott Verplank, and Phil Mickelson.

Professional career
Leonard's wins on the PGA Tour included one of golf's four majors, the 1997 Open Championship, as well as the 1998 Players Championship. He ranked in the top 10 of the Official World Golf Ranking for 24 weeks in 1998 and 1999. Leonard also had opportunities to win other major championships, notably at the 1999 Open Championship and the 2004 PGA Championship; in both instances he fell into a playoff with a bogey on the 72nd hole.

At the 1997 PGA Championship, Leonard was tied with Davis Love III for the 54-hole lead. Love shot a final round 66 to win by five shots over Leonard, who finished solo second. Leonard was ahead by three shots at the 54-hole mark of the 2002 PGA Championship before shooting a final round 77 and finishing tied for fourth.

Leonard qualified for the United States Ryder Cup team in 1997, 1999, and 2008. In the 1999 event, Leonard made a 45 ft putt for birdie on the 17th hole to complete a remarkable comeback by the U.S. team on the final day. The victory was somewhat marred by the celebration following Leonard's putt, when other U.S. players, their wives, and a few fans ran onto the green even though Leonard's opponent, José María Olazábal, still had an opportunity to match Leonard on the hole.

In 2015, Leonard moved to Aspen, Colorado, which is not conducive to the year-round practice of golf and began to transition to a career as a golf announcer. After using his career money list exemption for the 2015–16 season and failing to make the FedEx Cup, Leonard played the 2016–17 season with past champion status. He played in only 16 tournaments that year, his best finish being a tie for 16th at the Northern Trust Open. In 2017, he played in only one tournament, the Texas Open, where he finished in 58th.

He returned to the PGA for one event in 2022, competing in the Byron Nelson where he failed to make the cut. It was his last event before turning 50 and qualifying for the PGA Tour Champions.

PGA Tour Champions
Leonard made his PGA Tour Champions debut at the 2022 Senior Players Championship where he finished in 61st place.

In 2023, his first full season on the tour, he carded a course record score of 62 in the first round of the American Family Insurance Championship at University Ridge Golf Course in Madison, Wisconsin and finished tied for 4th, his best finish since 2014. Later that season he finished in a tie for 1st at the PURE Insurance Championship, but lost the playoff to Thongchai Jaidee on the 4th sudden-death hole. It was his best finish since winning the 2008 St. Jude Open.

Broadcasting career
Leonard joined Golf Channel in 2015 as an analyst for Golf Central "Live From" and PGA Tour live tournament coverage. In 2020, he assumed an elevated role on Golf Central "Live From" as an analyst on the program's primetime shows.

Amateur wins

 * 1992 Western Amateur, Southern Amateur, U.S. Amateur
 * 1993 Western Amateur, Southern Amateur
 * 1994 NCAA Division I Championship

PGA Tour wins (12)
PGA Tour playoff record (2–5)

Other wins (1)
Other playoff record (0–1)

Playoff record
PGA Tour Champions playoff record (0–1)

Results timeline
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" = tied NT = no tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic

{{legend|lime|Win}} {{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} LA = Low Amateur CUT = missed the half way cut "T" indicates a tie for a place.

Summary

 * Most consecutive cuts made – 8 (1996 PGA – 1998 Open Championship)
 * Longest streak of top-10s – 3 (1997 Open Championship – 1998 Masters)

Results timeline
{{legend|lime|Win}} CUT = missed the halfway cut "T" indicates a tie for a place.

Results in World Golf Championships
1Cancelled due to 9/11 {{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play "T" = tied NT = No Tournament Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.

U.S. national team appearances
Amateur
 * Eisenhower Trophy: 1992
 * Walker Cup: 1993 (winners)

Professional
 * Presidents Cup: 1996 (winners), 1998, 2003 (tie), 2005 (winners), 2009 (winners)
 * Ryder Cup: 1997, 1999 (winners), 2008 (winners)
 * Dunhill Cup: 1997
 * World Cup: 1997, 2003
 * Wendy's 3-Tour Challenge (representing PGA Tour): 1998, 1999

title: Justin Leonard


text: User talk:65.11.132.117

title: User talk:65.11.132.117


text:
Shion Uzuki

Shion Uzuki (シオン・ウヅキ) is the main protagonist of the Xenosaga trilogy for the PlayStation 2. In addition, she was in the DS game Xenosaga I & II, Xenosaga Freaks, as well as the anime Xenosaga: The Animation.

Character design
Shion Uzuki is the main character of the three episodes of Xenosaga, which have been referred to as "Shion's Arc" by Namco Bandai. While her role is less prominent in Xenosaga Episode II, which focuses on the character Jr., she is the lead character again in the DS remake Xenosaga I & II. While Shion's surname is "Uzuki", Takahashi has stated that she is not meant to be a distant relative of the character Citan Uzuki from Xenogears. She does, however, share his liking for science.

Shion is portrayed as a girl who tries to overcome the tragic events of her past by "looking away from reality and truth". Takahashi compared the character's instinctive tendency to run away from things with his very own personality and mindset. A particular point he wanted to explore in the series was Shion "looking back at herself […] wondering how she should live her life". When he created Xenosaga, Takahashi made "life and death" a central theme of the story and gave each character a different outlook on it; Shion and Albedo were conceived as the two characters that eventually develop the "ideal compromise towards death".

Xenosaga Episode I has an anime-like art style, while Episode II and III use a more realistic style, and thus she appears differently. She wears glasses in the first and third games. If the player loads a save file from Episode II in Episode III, Shion will obtain special armor that will change her outward appearance.

Shion's main theme in Episode I is the ending song "Kokoro"(heart) performed by Joanne Hogg. The tracks "Shion's Crisis", "Shion ~Memories of the Past~" and "Shion ~Emotion~" were also written for scenes focusing on her. "Fighting KOS-MOS" plays during a scene that showcases KOS-MOS' power, but composer Yasunori Mitsuda chose to write the track from Shion's perspective for a twist. "Shion ~Emotion~" was first released on the "Kokoro" maxi-single as "Kokoro Piano Version", but Mitsuda changed the track's title in the Xenosaga Original Soundtrack as it fitted Shion best.

Xenosaga
Shion Uzuki was assigned to Vector Industries' First R&D Division at the young age of 18 in T.C. 4763. Her official title is "Chief Engineer of the KOS-MOS Project General Operation System Research Center, Vector Industries First R&D Division". She has a bright, cheerful personality and is ever the optimist, perhaps to hide the scars of losing both her parents as a child and her fiancé two years ago. In Episode I, it was revealed that she suffers from astraphobia, the result of two traumatic incidents which happened during lightning storms;  losing her parents and later her fiancé, Kevin. She does not get along well with her brother, Jin Uzuki, who is thirteen years her senior. Shion ends up being swept, along with KOS-MOS and her co-worker Allen Ridgeley, into a conspiracy concerning the very fate of mankind itself.

In addition to her intellect (a key factor in her usage of nanotechnology), she learned the same martial arts that Jin and Margulis are masters of as taught by her grandfather. However, unlike Jin and Margulis, she primarily focuses on hand-to-hand combat with the use of her M.W.S.

Throughout the series, Shion has exhibited abilities unbecoming of most humans. During the Gnosis' assault on the Woglinde, she was caught in close proximity to an FAE (fuel air explosion), which no ordinary human could possibly survive. Shion, however, was blown back by the explosion and left otherwise unscathed. Shion has also demonstrated the peculiar ability to hear the Song of Nephilim, something which only Realians and U.R.T.V.s should be capable of (chaos has also demonstrated this ability, but his status as a "human being" remains ambiguous at best). During a Gnosis assault on the Woglinde, Shion was caught by a Gnosis in its immaterial state, which was able to grip her. She was able to escape crystallization and mysteriously avoided the fate of those who did not survive such an encounter with a Gnosis, as those that come into physical contact with Gnosis usually transformed into one. Andrew Cherenkov, for instance, suffered such a fate. This could be due to her status as the "Maiden" or her possession of what Wilhelm referred to as the "Shining Will", which is a prerequisite to becoming a Testament; it is said that those with the Shining Will will not Gnosify.

Shion can link to U-DO and can communicate with it, with U-DO responding to her through this power. During the Miltian Conflict (as a child), after seeing her parents killed by berserk realians she summons the Gnosis from her distress through the Zohar. When she once again experiences this as an adult she loses control and summons Abels Ark (a giant Gnosis). Shion also suffers from the same illness as her mother, which Kevin reveals is caused by communication with U-DO. Kevin confirms in Episode III that KOS-MOS is gradually killing Shion since KOS-MOS uses the Zohar and U-DO as an energy source. Had U-DO not chosen to let humanity live on, Shion would have ultimately died due to the extreme stress caused by these communications.

She has also experienced several unusual perceptions, seeing visions of the young girl named "Nephilim" and of her deceased Realian nanny Febronia. It is also revealed in Xenosaga I & II and the database of III that she has the natural ability to see into the "Realm of Imaginary Numbers", where the Gnosis hail from. Her glasses inhibit this ability and allow her to experience relatively normal perceptions. However, as this sense of hers is not active all the time, and as she "has gotten used to it," she removes the glasses when they present an inconvenience to her daily life.

Her consciousness has existed since the time of Lost Jerusalem as the maiden and close acquaintance of Mary Magdalene; her brief vision of the distant past was not through KOS-MOS' memory, but through her own. It can be deduced from KOS-MOS' last words that Shion's former self died as a result of being caught up in some larger occurrence and that KOS-MOS (Mary) had been unable to protect her.

After discovering Allen's feelings for her on Michtam, Shion took the first step towards her independence. Shion, so caught up in the memories shared with Kevin Winnicot, had not truly realized the extent of Allen's love for her. Because Allen differs from Kevin in every conceivable way, including attitude, disposition, and personal history, Shion felt as though he would be the one able to offer comfort for her sorrowful heart. Thus begins Shion's journey to Lost Jerusalem, wherein humanity's collective consciousness awaits guidance and salvation.

Other appearances
Shion makes an appearance in Namco × Capcom, when she, M.O.M.O., and KOS-MOS appear in the middle of Shibuya during a series of dimensional disturbances, in time to help the main characters against a Gnosis attack. In the game, Shion is paired with MOMO as a single unit. Bandai has released Shion figurines as part of the Xenosaga Legend toy set.

Reception
Shion as seen in Xenosaga Episode I has been called "cute" and "likable" by critics. IGN also praised the more realistic character designs seen in Episode II, noting that Shion's design became "more flattering", having "been injected with ye old 'Babe Serum.'" RPGamer also praised the design change, though they felt that Shion's lack of glasses in that episode was "amusing". In a review of the first volume of Xenosaga: The Animation, GameSpot compared Shion and KOS-MOS to "the ultimate fanboy fan-service pair", feeling that Shion was an example of a "cute, yet smart glasses girl".

Personalitywise, Shion has been described by GameSpot as being "pretty straightforward as a heroine, though maybe a little ditzy for someone who's supposedly one of the best scientists in the galaxy". On the other hand, IGN felt that the character was "more complicated than she first lets on". In a review of the Xenosaga anime, another reviewer from IGN noted that Shion's idealism and naivety were out of place considering her tragic past, and that it was annoying "since it seems to happen a lot with anime heroines". GameSpy echoed this concern, stating that Shion was "often naïve to the point of unbelievability". On voice acting, GameSpy felt Shion in Episode I was "excellent" despite the game not having "Hollywood-quality" acting. The site called the character a "calm center" around which the rest of the game is built.

title: Shion Uzuki


text:
Lambayeque, Peru

Lambayeque (Mochica: Ñampaxllæc) is a city on the coast of northern Peru and capital of the homonymous district and province in the department of Lambayeque. It is located 4.7 km from the city of Chiclayo and 13 km from the Pacific Ocean. It is an important cultural and educational center of the department as it houses some of the most important museums in the country, such as the Royal Tombs Museum and the Brüning Museum. It was founded in 1553 under the name of San Pedro de Lambayeque by order of the Viceroy Conde de Nieva.

History
In January 2022, two people were killed in Lambayeque, where the tsunami caused by the eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai measured 2 metres (6 ft 7 in).

Geography
The vast plains of Túcume are part of the Lambayeque Valley, the largest valley of the north coast of Peru. The Lambayeque Valley is the site of natural and man-made waterways and is also a region of about 250 decaying and heavily eroded mud-brick pyramids.

Climate
Lambayeque has a hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh) characterized by warm temperatures throughout the year and extremely low precipitation.

December through May marks the hotter part of the year. February, the hottest month, averages daily highs of 29.5 C and daily lows of 21.6 C.

June to November marks the cooler half of the year, with mild temperatures and negligible rainfall. August, the coolest month, averages daily highs of 22.8 C and daily lows of 15.9 C.

Archaeology
The Brüning Museum, established in the early 20th century, contains hundreds of gold and silver pieces, as well as textiles and ceramics, from the Vicus, Moche, Chimú, Lambeyeque and Inca cultures. The Tumba Real (Royal Tombs of Sipán Museum), established in 2002, contains artefacts from the Moche tombs of the Lord of Sipan, of which fourteen have been excavated.

Dating from around 2000 BCE, the Ventarron temple is one of the oldest found in the Americas, as reported by the Peruvian archeologist Walter Alva.

Culture
Lambayeque is also the home of King Kong milk candy, a popular dessert with filling made of fresh milk, pineapple sweets and sometimes peanut.

The region is also known for alfajores.

title: Lambayeque, Peru


text:
Mars Bonfire

Dennis Edmonton (born Dennis Eugene McCrohan; 21 April 1943), also known by the stage name Mars Bonfire, is a Canadian rock musician and songwriter, best known for writing the hit song "Born to Be Wild" for Steppenwolf.

Early Career
Born Dennis Eugene McCrohan, he and his brother Jerry changed their surnames to Edmonton in the early 1960s. The brothers were part of the band the Sparrows, which later evolved into Steppenwolf. Another member of the Sparrows was Bruce Palmer, who later became a member of Buffalo Springfield.

Solo Career
Bonfire embarked on a solo career, while his brother Jerry became the drummer for Steppenwolf. After leaving the band, he often collaborated with Kim Fowley, co-writing and recording on the recordings of Fowley and artists associated with Fowley.

On 22 June 2015, Bonfire was awarded the Cultural Impact Award by SOCAN at the 2015 SOCAN Awards in Toronto for the song "Born to be Wild".

Personal life
Bonfire was a prolific hiker in Southern California for many years. He has completed the Hundred Peaks Section list 25 times. He was noted by the Los Angeles Times for his "affability and flexibility" as a hike leader.

Discography
Songs by Mars Bonfire that were recorded by Steppenwolf include:
 * "Born to Be Wild" (Steppenwolf, 1968)
 * "Faster Than The Speed of Life" (The Second, 1968)
 * "Ride with Me" (For Ladies Only, 1971)
 * "Tenderness" (For Ladies Only, 1971)
 * "The Night Time's for You" (co-write w/Morgan Cavett, For Ladies Only, 1971)
 * "Caroline (Are You Ready for the Outlaw World)" (Hour of the Wolf, 1975)

Albums:
 * Mars Bonfire (1968)
 * Faster Than the Speed of Life (1969)

title: Mars Bonfire


text:
Back Here on Earth

Back Here On Earth is Canadian singer Gordon Lightfoot's fourth studio album, released in 1968 on the United Artists label.

Apart from his eponymous debut album and final album (Solo), it is Lightfoot's only studio album not to derive its title from a song on the album. Back Here on Earth was Lightfoot's last studio recording on the United Artists label which he left after releasing the live album Sunday Concert in 1969.

Bear Family Records reissued Lightfoot's previous album, Did She Mention My Name, together with this album, Back Here on Earth, as a 2-in-1 CD in 1993. It included as a bonus track a recording of "Spin, Spin" which did not appear on any of Lightfoot's original studio albums, though a John Court production of it was released as a single in 1966. The version on the Bear Family Records reissue is tagged (New York remake version) and was produced by John Simon.

Reception
In his Allmusic review, critic Richie Unterberger wrote of the album "It's not quite as outstanding as his first three albums, lacking highlights on the order of "Early Mornin' Rain" or "Black Day in July." Lightfoot never offered weak material on his United Artists efforts, however, and Back Here on Earth is still a very solid set, certainly worth acquiring if you like his other LPs for this label."

Track listing
All compositions by Gordon Lightfoot

Side 1

 * 1) "Long Way Back Home" – 3:02
 * 2) "Unsettled Ways" – 1:51
 * 3) "Long Thin Dawn" – 2:57
 * 4) "Bitter Green" – 2:42
 * 5) "The Circle Is Small (I Can See It in Your Eyes)" – 3:26
 * 6) "Marie Christine" – 2:54

Side 2

 * 1) "Cold Hands from New York" – 5:16
 * 2) "Affair on 8th Avenue" – 3:25
 * 3) "Don't Beat Me Down" – 3:16
 * 4) "The Gypsy" – 2:45
 * 5) "If I Could" – 4:02

Bonus Track on Bear Family CD re-release

 * 1) "Spin, Spin"

Personnel

 * Gordon Lightfoot - 6 & 12 string acoustic guitar, vocals
 * Red Shea - lead acoustic guitar
 * John Stockfish - bass
 * Technical
 * Elliot Mazer - producer
 * Bill Blachly, Charlie Tallent - engineer
 * Harry Kemball - photography

title: Back Here on Earth


text:
Rayman M

Rayman M, known in North America as Rayman Arena, is a party video game developed and published by Ubi Soft. A spin-off of the Rayman series, it features two modes in which players control one of eighteen characters.

Rayman M was released in Europe for the PlayStation 2 and Windows and in North America for the GameCube and Xbox. A remake known as Rayman Rush was released for the PlayStation in 2002. Rayman M received mixed reviews from critics, commenting on the game's lack of originality, with Nintendo World Report stating that some have labeled it as a Mario Party-style game. Its remake was criticised for not meeting the original game's quality.

Gameplay
Rayman M contains two modes: racing and battle. Both incorporate platformer elements. In racing mode, the player races a computer player for three laps while avoiding twelve different obstacles. Battle mode features two playstyles: Freeze Fight, where four players have to collect as many "lums" within three minutes by shooting their opponents, and Total Fight, where players can use an unlimited number of ice bullets to freeze opponents while collecting lums.

Players can jump, glide, strafe, fire, and flip. There are twenty-nine tracks and eighteen playable characters, including Rayman, Razorbeard, Globox, Henchman 800, Teensies, Tily, New Henchman and Razorbeard Wife. In the battle mode, players focused on using ice shots to freeze their opponents, and they start off facing four opponents.

Development and release
Rayman M was originally separated into two projects: Rayman Tribe and Rayman Shooting Fish, which would turn into the game's modes. Rayman M was announced in April 2001 for the PlayStation 2. Ubisoft launched an official website for the game, containing a description of the game's characters, modes, and environments, along with galleries of screenshots from each of the game's version. Danny Ruiz, the band manager of Ubisoft Entertainment, said that the game "[promised] to provide gamers a new multiplayer experience while maintaining the production value associated with the Rayman franchise." In 2002, the game's producer Sylvain Constantin said that he wanted to do something serious after the game's development which Constantin was asked to lead the driving team and come up with a new idea because he was a driving game enthusiast.

Rayman Rush
Rayman Rush is a racing game developed by Ubi Soft Shanghai and published by Ubi Soft. It is a demake of Rayman M for the PlayStation that only features the racing mode. The game had three modes: training mode, where the player can race through levels without opponents or objectives; championship mode, where they race against an opponent; and time attack mode, where they have to finish a level within a set amount of time. Due to the PlayStation's hardware limitations, the game can only support up to two players.

Reception
Rayman M received "mixed or average" reviews, according to the review aggregator website Metacritic. Eurogamer writer Tom Bramwell wrote that he best described the game as "a cross country steeplechase dodgeball simulation" and also wrote that the game seems like "a manic, amazingly enterprising adventure game against the clock", describing it as a racing game that would not make sense. Nintendo World Report writer Michael Cole indicates that most video game series seems to be getting a multiplayer spin-off title which omit Rayman M and some have labeled it as a Mario Party-style game in the past however, the writer thought it isn't the solution. Mike Orlando of Nintendo World Report praised the modes for being fun to play with but criticised that the game was not worthy of purchasing. He compared the racing mode to Mad Dash Racing and Running Wild.

Rayman M has also heavily received criticism. GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann criticising the Windows version of the game's default controls which the player can configure the keyboard and mouse for race and battle games however, the player can also use a gamepad which he described as "the most convenient way to play the game" and the most difficult ways to configure. In addition, he praised the GameCube version that the game fits in nicely with games such as Mad Dash Racing, Running Wild, and Sonic R however, the game doesn't differentiate itself from the other games and create anything new. Brady Fiechter of Play criticise that the game should be call "Rayman Racing" and it was "a multiplayer game with nothing but characters from the Rayman universe running through obstacle courses." IGN writer Kaiser Hwang acknowledged that it doesn't live up to its predecessor's legacy, criticised it similar to Mad Dash Racing due to the racing and platforming mix however, it sense of speed is being called out as "slow" and the level design can be "flat-out horrible." Nebojsa Radakovic for GameRevolution also criticise that it does little to stimulate the kart racing/action game genres and it tracks play like any kart racing game however, she wrote that it might not be a "bad" game for a young child.

Rayman Rush
Rayman Rush received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Game Rant 's Mark Sammut disappreciated how the game only contains the racing mode along with the game looking far worse and was less responsive than it original game. GameSpot 's Ryan Davis was certain that it's doesn't maintain the same level of quality as the main games such as unlike the previous games which have top-notch sound design, the music and sound effects in the game feel rushed however, it can prove to be a decent diversion for a short period of time. Martyn Clayden of Games Domain praised the game's vibrantly colourful 3D graphics and the music as cheerful and manages of not becoming too irritating during a long gameplay session.

title: Rayman M


text:
Atli Dam

Atli Pætursson Dam (12 September 1932 – 7 February 2005) was a Faroese politician who served as Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands on three occasions, most recently from 1991 to 1993. To this date, he is the longest-serving Prime Minister in Faroese history, having served a total of 16 years.

He was born in Tvøroyri in 1932 as the son of Peter Mohr Dam and Sigrid Ragnhild, née Strøm. He was educated engineer in 1964 and worked for the Danish company Haldor Topsøe until he became prime minister in 1970. He was vice president of the Faroese Mortgage Institution (Føroya Realkreditt) from 1981 to 1985, and again from 1989 until his death.

He was elected to the Løgting in 1970 and became Minister of Fisheries the same year, being appointed prime minister in the same year.

In addition, he was elected as one of two Faroese members of the Danish Folketing from 1987 to 1988 and 1990 to 1994.

In the wake of the Faroese financial crisis, compounded by his health issues, Dam resigned as prime minister and head of the Social Democratic Party on 18 February 1993, and was succeeded by Marita Petersen.

One of his biggest political achievements included his negotiations with the Danish Prime Minister Poul Schlüter, which resulted in the Faroese underground and all natural resources thereof becoming property of the Faroese state; before that, it belonged to the Danish.

He was not re-elected for the Løgting at the 1994 elections.

title: Atli Dam


text:
Henry Stollenwerck

Henry Logan Stollenwerck, Jr. (December 6, 1930 – March 2, 2021) was a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives in the 58th Texas Legislature from January 1963 to January 1965. He is best known, during his legislative tenure, for having proposed the ratification of the Corwin Amendment, more than a century after Congress passed it in 1861.

During the 1964 Texas gubernatorial election he attempted to convince state Representative Horace Houston to run for the Republican gubernatorial nomination, but he chose to be the nominee for lieutenant governor and was selected as governor instead.

title: Henry Stollenwerck


text: User talk:203.63.151.22

title: User talk:203.63.151.22


text: User talk:69.169.114.26

title: User talk:69.169.114.26


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of first names 2

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 23:10, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

List of first names

 * This article was nominated for deletion on 09:13, 2004-09-05 by User:Violetriga. It was removed from VFD by User:SimonP without recording a result.  For the prior discussion, see Votes for deletion/List of first names.

Pointless, never can be complete, unencylopedic. Transwiki if you must. Delete. Neutralitytalk 03:10, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, a never ending trivial list. Megan1967 06:53, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, see List of dog names from yesterday. Radiant! 08:20, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Looking at the previous VfD of this page, I can't find a convincing argument for keeping it. Xezbeth  08:24, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - could be useful to pages like Behind the Name but not necessarily here - Skysmith 09:55, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or add Foot, Footfoot, Footfootfoot, and Footfootfootfoot to it. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 10:05, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, that's one solution if you have quadruplets :) Radiant! 10:54, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * This list fulfils none of the purposes of lists. It provides no information, is useless for navigation, and is a sheer horror when one considers what would happen if it were to be used for development.  Mikkalai's suggestion to use and improve the far better Wiktionary:Wiktionary Appendix:First names instead seems to have fallen upon deaf ears. Delete to make the point more forcefully. Uncle G 18:01, 2005 Feb 15 (UTC)
 * Delete and to quote from Citizen Kane, "Impossible, impossible, impossible..." Wyss 18:52, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — RJH 19:48, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A list of names limited to those that actually have articles would be good, though. --Calton 20:38, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Categories are the tailor-made tools for that, not lists. See Category:People by surname, for example. Uncle G 02:33, 2005 Feb 16 (UTC)
 * Delete. I agree with Uncle G. --Angr 00:10, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. When would you ever need to use this? -- Robert Pendray 09:53, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A useless and unending list. Carrp | Talk 16:38, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Albeit temporarily because Categories would be a better way of managing this. Querents seek lists of people with a specific forename to answer a variety of questions: inter alia Who shares my name? With whom do I associate my child if I name her/him this? What was the correct surname of Michael Scarsomething? --Theo  (Talk) 19:36, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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User talk:Bronwyn18

can you please tell me how you know the Image:Vomiting woman.jpg is public domain? Kingturtle 03:10, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * More specifically, could you tell us whether the consent was obtained of the person in the image, who is in a compromising situation? JFW | T@lk  13:17, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bronwyn18


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Rayman 3: Hoodlum Havoc

Rayman 3: Hoodlum Havoc is a 2003 platform game developed and published by Ubi Soft, and the third major installment in the Rayman series. It follows Rayman in his quest to stop an evil Black Lum named André from taking over the world with his army of hoodlum soldiers, while trying to find a cure for his best friend Globox after he accidentally swallows André. It was released for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows, and on OS X by Feral Interactive in 2004. It was also released for the Game Boy Advance, N-Gage and mobile phones as a 2D platformer.

Gameplay
Rayman's controls are similar to that of Rayman 2: The Great Escape, albeit utilising long-ranged punches (and kicks at some opportunities), instead of throwing Energy Spheres. Rayman can restore health by picking up Red Lums. Instead of permanent upgrades to his abilities, Rayman can find special "Laser Detergent" cans (used by the Hoodlums to turn their clothes into combat fatigues) containing one of five temporary power-ups. The Vortex allows Rayman to fire mini-tornadoes instead of punching, the Heavy Metal Fist increases Rayman's strength and allows him to break down certain doors, the Lockjaw gives Rayman extendable claw weapons that can be used to latch onto and electrocute enemies or swing across gaps, the Shock Rocket allows Rayman to fire a remote controlled missile, and the Throttle Copter provides Rayman with a special helmet that allows him to fly vertically for a limited time. After a certain point in the game, Rayman gains the ability to pull a face similar to the original game, which allows him to turn Black Lums left behind from defeating Hoodlums into Red Lums.

Unlike most entries, Rayman 3 features a scoring system that tallies points based on Rayman's actions. Whenever points are scored, this system switches to a "Combo mode" that adds even more points acquired from Rayman's actions, though if the player's scoring stops after a few seconds, the Combo mode ends as well. If using a power-up acquired from a Laser Detergent, points earned are doubled. Points earned can unlock hidden content and, in some levels, allow access to hidden areas. Players could enter their final overall game scores onto the RaymanZone website.

Plot
André who was supposedly to have grown out of pure evil appears and transforms Red Lums into Black Lums to join him. The group eventually gains enough hair from various animals throughout the forest to dress themselves as scarecrow-like Hoodlums. In the middle of the process, Murfy, one of the residents and workers of the Fairy Council, discovers them. André later finds him hiding nearby, and he and his Black Lums pursue him. Murfy is chased to a small clearing, where Rayman and his friend Globox are sound asleep. Just after Murfy reaches them, Globox is awakened by the commotion. Now aware of the situation, Globox helps Murfy to try and get Rayman, who is still asleep, to safety. In the process, Globox accidentally removes Rayman's hands, forcing Murfy to pick Rayman up by his hair and fly him away from the clearing himself. In an attempt to save himself, Globox runs away to safety, taking Rayman's hands along with him.

As time passes, more Hoodlums invade the forest. After Rayman wakes up, he and Murfy reach the entrance to the Council and discover Globox hiding in a barrel. Just as Rayman gets his hands back from Globox, André and a few of his minions appear, following Globox as he flees into the Council. As Rayman and Murfy pursue them, they learn of André's evil plan: to taint the heart of the world so that he can create an army of Hoodlums. Eventually, André catches up with Globox, who ends up accidentally swallowing the evil creature. Afterwards, Rayman attempts to seek out a doctor that can rid André from Globox's insides and Murfy departs from the team, warning Rayman the Black Lum may force Globox to drink plum juice, in spite of the latter's allergy to it. Rayman meets up with three doctors: Otto Psi (a play on the word autopsy), Romeo Patti (homeopathy), and Art Rytus (arthritis). After all three doctors make independent attempts at purging André by using various parts of Globox's body as musical instruments, they succeed in getting rid of him after collaborating in Art Rytus' clinic room. Refusing to admit defeat, André teams up with Reflux, a member of the Knaaren race that Rayman had previously defeated.

Reflux steals the scepter of the Leptys – a god worshiped by his people – from the child king of the Knaaren and uses it to increase his power, which in turn will allow Andre to infinitely reproduce. With Globox's help, Rayman climbs to the top of the Tower of the Leptys and faces Reflux and André as the former transforms into a giant winged monster. After a prolonged battle, Rayman and Globox destroy Reflux and Rayman turns André back into a Red Lum through scaring him by pulling a face (a power he himself had acquired prior from being imbued with the Leptys' power), which results in all the Black Lums turning back into Red Lums. Shortly thereafter, Rayman and Globox return to the clearing that they were in before. Before they resume their nap, Globox admits that he misses André and would like him back, but Rayman says that it is not a good idea and that he does not know how to get him back. Globox says that a Red Lum has to be scared to be a Black Lum, to which Rayman replies that he would hate to imagine what could scare a Lum. A flashback to before the beginning of the game reveals that Rayman unwittingly created André when his hands went off on their own and scared a Red Lum with frightening shadow puppets.

Versions
As a counterpart to the 3D PC and console versions of the game, the Game Boy Advance and N-Gage versions of the game were 2D sidescrolling platformers, controlling similarly to the original Rayman game and it has bunch of content and characters taken from Rayman 2: The Great Escape which it was initially planned to be based on during early in development.

The GameCube version of the game features exclusive content compared to the other releases of the game, which include several minigames. Additional content could be unlocked by connecting the Game Boy Advance version of the game to it.

A high definition version of Rayman 3, titled Rayman 3 HD, was announced by Ubisoft in November 2011 and was released on PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Arcade in March 2012, nine years after the original version. The game runs at 60 frames per second, in up to 720p. This version includes the original game content, and features newly introduced leaderboards and Trophies/Achievements. However, it lacks the original intro which featured the Groove Armada song "Madder", and also lacks the "Wanna Kick Rayman" bonus videos, which are replaced with the pages from the art book that came with the collector's edition of Rayman Origins. This game also has a different ESRB rating than its non-HD counterpart, which is E for Everyone, whereas the HD version is rated E10+.

Reception
By the end of March 2003, Rayman 3: Hoodlum Havoc had sold more than 1 million copies.

Rayman 3: Hoodlum Havoc received generally positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator websites GameRankings and Metacritic gave the Game Boy Advance version 82% and 83/100, the PlayStation 2 version 80% and 76/100,  the PC version 78% and 74/100,  the GameCube version 78% and 77/100,  the Xbox version 77% and 75/100,  the Xbox 360 version 69/100, and the PlayStation 3 version 72/100.

title: Rayman 3: Hoodlum Havoc


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User:Wrongemboyo

Hey my name is Craig, I'm a big fan of the Clash so I named my user name after a song by them :)

title: User:Wrongemboyo


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Portal:Aviation

The following are images from various aviation-related articles on Wikipedia.

style=text-align: center; margin-top: 1em

 * Shortcuts to this page: Portal:Airplanes • P:AVIA

title: Portal:Aviation


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Church of God (Restoration)

The Church of God (Restoration) is a Restorationist denomination of Christianity aligned with the theology of the holiness movement. Being a Restorationist denomination, it possesses unique doctrines. The Church of God (Restoration) was founded in the 1980s by American evangelist Daniel (Danny) Wilburn Layne. Those who belong to the Church of God (Restoration) wear plain dress. Its members believe that they are ordained by both prophecy and divine command to restore the church of God as it was in the Book of Acts, and believe that it alone is the only true church. Many of the church's teachings originated from the Church of God (Anderson), the Holiness Restorationist denomination in which Layne was raised.

History
Danny Layne was raised in the Church of God (Anderson) in Ontario, California, where his father was a minister. He claimed that he lived a life of drug addiction (heroin), drug dealing, crime and sin on the streets of San Francisco for several years. Layne began preaching in the Church of God (Guthrie, OK) after his conversion in May 1980.

After Layne's death in 2011, the church's chief Apostle is D. Ray Tinsman of Greenville, Ohio, along with 11 other minister are also called Apostles, including Henry Hildebrandt.

Church government
The group is officially presbyterian-hierarchical in ecclesiastical polity, with the General Ministerial Body having the greatest authority in doctrine and practice, especially those recognized as apostles. However, many ex-members claim that it was actually episcopalian, with Daniel Layne acting as de facto archbishop until his death in 2011. Daniel Layne was officially held to be an Apostle in the Church of God (Restoration).

While there is no official church headquarters, individual congregations are expected to be more than a loose association, and submit to the decisions of the General Ministerial Body. There is no formal membership, however, those who attend regularly are expected to strictly adhere to the standards and theology taught by leaders in the movement.

The General Ministerial Body consists of male and female ministers, who call themselves "The Seventh Trumpet Angel Ministry". Ministers must be born again and entirely sanctified, not divorced and remarried, and agree with the Church's theology and practice. They must also feel personally called of God and have the approval of the General Ministerial Body.

Beliefs and doctrines
The group considers itself to be "anti-denominational", with roots in the holiness movement, particularly the Church of God (Anderson) of which Daniel Sidney Warner was one of the leading ministers in the late 19th century. Warner had been associated with the Churches of God General Conference, and was greatly influenced by the "anti-denominational" teaching of that denomination.

This group also claims to closely follow all the teachings of the Bible, and practices excommunication to some former members it considers to be errant from its very strict and real interpretation of the Bible and actively work against the group. They believe and teach that they are the one and only true church and that anyone outside of their group who is saved will eventually join them.

The doctrines of the Church of God (Restoration) seem to be similar to the original doctrines of the Church of God (Anderson), although the "Anderson" churches are now indistinguishable from most other evangelical churches in the USA.

The following is a list of some of the emphasized doctrines and practices:
 * The Church sees itself to be a restoration of the original church that Jesus built.
 * As with most Holiness Churches, they believe that one willful sin causes a person to lose his salvation.
 * Entire sanctification as a second work of grace after justification by faith
 * Unification of the children of God in one body. They teach that God's will is to unite his people one more time in one visible Church before he returns to take them home. Every person that is a true Christian will become a part of the movement once they hear the sound of the 7th Trumpet, which is interpreted to be the preaching and teaching of God through the body of Christ, which the group feels is their movement.
 * Divine, physical healing and anointing of the sick with oil by the Elders.
 * Holy kiss when greeting each other with the same sex, in a non-sexual way.
 * Separation from the world by dress and actions, including:
 * Men wear primarily black dress clothes with white shirts to worship services, but casual dress is worn during the week, excluding denim
 * Neckties, wedding rings, and jewelry are forbidden, as being outward adornment
 * Bright colors, such as red, orange, yellow, bright green and bright blue, are not worn, as the church believes that they portray a potentially worldly spirit and draw unnecessary attention to themselves.
 * Women wear dark-colored hose and girls wear thick stockings, skirts with wide pleats to the ankles, and vests that cover their waistline.
 * Most male adherents wear beards.
 * Women and girls do not cut their hair, and wear it tied back at all times in a plain bun (women) or braids (girls)
 * Church worship is a cappella. This is similar in practice to certain holiness denominations (such as the Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma) and the Reformed Free Methodist Church), certain congregations of the Churches of Christ, and Conservative Anabaptist churches, believing that musical instruments in worship are not sanctioned by scripture.
 * Strong focus on outreach and missionary endeavors.
 * No discrimination based on ethnicity, language, culture, gender, or social status. They reject the concept of race distinctions and believe there is only one human race.
 * Strong teaching against sexual immorality, including homosexuality.
 * Nonresistance, precluding all military service and employment as police officers.
 * No remarriage following divorce, although reunification with a first spouse is permitted if that relationship was not adulterous for both spouses. This differs from what Warner taught.
 * Belief in corporal punishment of children, as a last resort. They believe that they are forbidden to spank their children by hand, because the hand is considered an instrument of love, guidance and comfort.
 * Excommunication of those that leave the Church and actively attempt to help others leave the Church, or are a threat to the Church.

Eschatology
The official eschatology of the sect is a form of church historicism. This church teaches that the sounding of the 7th Trumpet referenced in the Book of Revelation began around the same year in 1980 when Daniel Layne was saved, alleging that there was a general discontent among many of its current adherents that were in various Churches of God at that time. A variation of this "7th Seal message" had been taught in other Churches of God for approximately 50 years prior to this point.

Daniel Sidney Warner and the earlier ministers of the Church of God (Anderson) taught that the restoration of the church was prophesied by the Old Testament prophets, in the New Testament, and in the Book of Revelation. They taught that the time period from 270 to 1530 was the "Papal age" and 1530 to 1880 was the "Protestant age", with 1880 being the year the church of God was restored with the full message of salvation, sanctification, and unity of God's people. Warner describes how he came up with these dates in Birth of a Reformation. From a number of scriptures in Daniel and Revelation, he took "time, times, and half a time", "42 months" or "1260 days" (Dan 7:25; 12:7, Rev 11:3; 12:6; 12:14; 13:5;) to mean 1260 years of the "Papal age", holding that in symbolic language one day is one year. The 1260 years of the "Papal age" is added to the time that the church lost its unity and purity, which gives the end of the "Papal age" as 1530 AD. Then using the symbol from Revelation of "three days and a half" (Rev 11:11), with each day equaling a century, they held that the duration of the Protestant age was 350 years, which brings them to 1880. This date was the beginning of the full restoration of the church of God and called the "Evening Light age".

The Church of God (Restoration) builds the dating of their movement on the same dates as the Church of God (Anderson) earlier ministers did. They also hold that in about 1930 the Church of God (Anderson) as a whole became apostate and there was silence in the spiritual heavens for "the space of half an hour" (Rev 8:1). This one half-hour is taken to mean 50 years, using one hour in symbolic language as one century. The time of the "silence period" ended in 1980, which was about the time of the beginning of Daniel Layne's ministry.

Some reject the date of 1880 and claim the dates 270 and 1530 hold no historical significance and were only obtained by back-dating from 1880. They also point out that while there is Biblical authority to use the symbol of one day for a year (Num 14:34; Eze 4:6), there is no Biblical authority to use one day as a century or one hour as a century, which the Church of God (Restoration) uses to get the 350 years of the Protestant age and the 50 years of the silent time.

Congregations
The Church of God (Restoration) has about 20 congregations worldwide (with about half in the United States and Canada) as well as mission stations in Haiti, Nepal, India, the Philippines, Kenya and Ireland.

They urge all Christians to unite and bind into one visible body of believers, which they believe should be their own. The group draws most of its members from various Holiness, Anabaptist and other Church of God churches, but includes a diversity of backgrounds, both religious and cultural. One method of outreach has been to have a large group of adherents attend conventions or services of other churches (often churches from which members have been previously gleaned) with the apparent goal of gaining new members. In recent years their outreach efforts have increasingly focused on street meetings and new congregations in large urban centers.

Hanover, Manitoba
The Church of God (Restoration) in the Rural Municipality of Hanover in Manitoba Canada and church pastor Tobias Tissen together received $74,561 of fines for breaching public health regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bimonthly publication
The Gospel Trumpet is a bi-monthly publication that is published in English, German, and Russian. Some of its clip-art and writings are copied from the original century-old Gospel Trumpet, with which it has no other continuity. The current publishers claim to follow in the steps of the original Gospel Trumpet by publishing strongly against denominationalism and sin. There is also a bi-monthly paper, The Shining Light, intended for children.

Criticism
The Church of God (Restoration) remains the focus of controversy, with many accusations leveled by ex-members across the world. According to former members the church is cult-like and controls dress code, internet access and relationships. Former member Tina Wall said, "I believe Church of God is a cult, you can't think for yourself, nothing. You just follow the leaders." Fear of Hell is used to control members and to make member obey church leaders.

Most of the accusations stem from well-known doctrines of the Church of God (Restoration) such as divine healing, shunning and excommunication. The Church rejects the notion that the husband is the spiritual head of the family. The Church teaches rather that the husband is the head of the home in domestic affairs and bears some responsibility for spiritual matters, but that the pastor has more authority in spiritual matters than the father/husband holds.

For a number of years, they did not believe in accessing any medical help, nor using medicine, but divine healing from God. There have been a number of deaths within the group, of newborns, children, and adults, which normal medical procedures may have prevented. However, due to political and judicial pressure in 2001, a resolution was approved by the General Ministerial Body that now recommends that all underage children be provided with appropriate medical care. Adults are free to choose for themselves. When adults are critically ill they are supposed to choose divine healing rather than medical care.

Literature

 * Andrew L. Byers: Birth of a Reformation - Life and Labors of Daniel Sidney Warner, Anderson, IN, Los Angeles, CA etc. 1921.

title: Church of God (Restoration)


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Talk:Joe Fratesi

Untitled
I've deleted some POV, and made the following sentence invisible as it needs a reference:

"Many prominent politicians such as Bob Rae, Brian Mulroney refused to meet with Joe on unrelated matters due to his stance against equality for Francophones in Sault Ste. Marie, ON" He was a father of 2 boys

title: Talk:Joe Fratesi


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Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/February 5, 2005

Isan is the northeast region of Thailand. ?????

this could be wrong
 * Yes, Isan is in the northeast region of Thailand. No, it's not wrong. →Raul654 03:29, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)


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Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is the inspection of the uterine cavity by endoscopy with access through the cervix. It allows for the diagnosis of intrauterine pathology and serves as a method for surgical intervention (operative hysteroscopy).

Hysteroscope
A hysteroscope is an endoscope that carries optical and light channels or fibers. It is introduced in a sheath that provides an inflow and outflow channel for insufflation of the uterine cavity. In addition, an operative channel may be present to introduce scissors, graspers or biopsy instruments. A hysteroscopic resectoscope is similar to a transurethral resectoscope and allows entry of an electric loop to shave off tissue, for instance to eliminate a fibroid. A contact hysteroscope is a hysteroscope that does not use distention media.

Procedure
Hysteroscopy has been carried out in hospitals, surgical centers and doctors' offices. It is best carried out when the endometrium is relatively thin, that is after a menstruation. Both diagnostic and simple operative hysteroscopy can be carried out in an office or clinic setting on suitably selected patients. Local anesthesia can be used. Analgesics are not always necessary. A paracervical block may be achieved using a lidocaine injection in the upper part of the cervix. Hysteroscopic intervention can also be done under general anesthesia (endotracheal or laryngeal mask) or monitored anesthesia care (MAC). Prophylactic antibiotics are not necessary. The patient is in a lithotomy position during the procedure.

Cervical dilation
The diameter of the modern hysteroscope is generally small enough to conveniently pass the cervix directly. For a proportion of women cervical dilation may need to be performed prior to insertion. Cervical dilation can be performed by temporarily stretching the cervix with a series of dilators of increasing diameter. Misoprostol prior to hysteroscopy for cervical dilation appears to facilitate an easier and uncomplicated procedure only in premenopausal women.

Insertion and inspection
The hysteroscope with its sheath is inserted transvaginally guided into the uterine cavity, the cavity insufflated, and an inspection is performed.

Insufflation media
The uterine cavity is a potential cavity and needs to be distended to allow for inspection. Thus, during hysteroscopy, either fluids or CO2 gas is introduced to expand the cavity. The choice is dependent on the procedure, the patient's condition, and the physician's preference. Fluids can be used for both diagnostic and operative procedures. However, CO2 gas does not allow the clearing of blood and endometrial debris during the procedure, which could make the imaging visualization difficult. Gas embolism may also arise as a complication. Since the success of the procedure is totally dependent on the quality of the high-resolution video images in front of the surgeon's eyes, CO2 gas is not commonly used as the distention medium.

Electrolytic solutions include normal saline and lactated Ringer's solution. Current recommendation is to use the electrolytic fluids in diagnostic cases, and in operative cases in which mechanical, laser, or bipolar energy is used. Since they conduct electricity, these fluids should not be used with monopolar electrosurgical devices. Non-electrolytic fluids eliminate problems with electrical conductivity, but can increase the risk of hyponatremia. These solutions include glucose, glycine, dextran (Hyskon), mannitol, sorbitol and a mannitol/sorbital mixture (Purisol). Water was once used routinely, however, problems with water intoxication and hemolysis discontinued its use by 1990. Each of these distention fluids is associated with unique physiological changes that should be considered when selecting a distention fluid. Glucose is contraindicated in patients with glucose intolerance. Sorbitol metabolizes to fructose in the liver and is contraindicated if a patient has fructose malabsorption.

High-viscous Dextran also has potential complications which can be physiological and mechanical. It may crystallize on instruments and obstruct the valves and channels. Coagulation abnormalities and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been reported. Glycine metabolizes into ammonia and can cross the blood brain barrier, causing agitation, vomiting and coma. Mannitol 5% should be used instead of glycine or sorbitol when using monopolar electrosurgical devices. Mannitol 5% has a diuretic effect and can also cause hypotension and circulatory collapse. The mannitol/sorbitol mixture (Purisol) should be avoided in patients with fructose malabsorption.

When fluids are used to distend the cavity, care should be taken to record its use (inflow and outflow) to prevent fluid overload and intoxication of the patient.

Interventional procedures
If abnormalities are found, an operative hysteroscope with a channel to allow specialized instruments to enter the cavity is used to perform the surgery. Typical procedures include endometrial ablation, submucosal fibroid resection, and endometrial polypectomy. Hysteroscopy has also been used to apply the YAG laser treatment to the inside of the uterus. Methods of tissue removal now include electrocautery bipolar loop resection, and morcellation.

Indications
Hysteroscopy is useful in a number of uterine conditions:
 * Asherman's syndrome (i.e. intrauterine adhesions). Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis is the technique of lysing adhesions in the uterus using either microscissors (recommended) or thermal energy modalities. Hysteroscopy can be used in conjunction with laparoscopy or other methods to reduce the risk of perforation during the procedure.
 * Endometrial polyp. Polypectomy.
 * Abnormal uterine bleeding
 * Adenomyosis
 * Endometrial ablation (Some newer systems specifically developed for endometrial ablation such as the Novasure do not require hysteroscopy)
 * Myomectomy for uterine fibroids.
 * Congenital uterine malformations (also known as Müllerian malformations).
 * Evacuation of retained products of conception in selected cases.
 * Removal of embedded IUDs.

The use of hysteroscopy in endometrial cancer is not established as there is concern that cancer cells could be spread into the peritoneal cavity.

Hysteroscopy has the benefit of allowing direct visualization of the uterus, thereby avoiding or reducing iatrogenic trauma to delicate reproductive tissue which may result in Asherman's syndrome.

Hysteroscopy allows access to the uterotubal junction for entry into the fallopian tube; this is useful for tubal occlusion procedures for sterilization and for falloposcopy.

Complications
A possible problem is uterine perforation when either the hysteroscope itself or one of its operative instruments breaches the wall of the uterus. This can lead to bleeding and damage to other organs. If other organs such as bowel are injured during a perforation, the resulting peritonitis can be fatal. Furthermore, cervical laceration, intrauterine infection (especially in prolonged procedures), electrical and laser injuries, and complications caused by the distention media can be encountered.

The use of insufflation (also called distending) media can lead to serious and even fatal complications due to embolism or fluid overload with electrolyte imbalances. Particularly the electrolyte-free insufflation media increase the risk of fluid overload with electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyponatremia, heart failure as well as pulmonary and cerebral edema. The main factors contributing to fluid overload in hysteroscopy are: Women in fertile age are at increased risk of resultant hyponatremic encephalopathy, likely because of increased level of estrogens.
 * Hydrostatic pressure of the insufflation media
 * Amount of exposed blood vessels, such as being increased in endometrial ablation and myomectomy.
 * Duration of the hysteroscopy procedure.

The overall complication rate for diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy was 2% with serious complications occurring in less than 1% of cases using older methods. Morcellation has fewer complications than electrocautery, less than 0.1%.

Severe pain
The English Member of Parliament, Lyn Brown (West Ham, Labour), has spoken twice in the House of Commons on behalf of constituents who have been coerced into completing unbearably painful outpatient hysteroscopies without anaesthesia. Lyn Brown cites numerous instances of women throughout England being held down by nurses in order to complete an ambulatory hysteroscopy and thus avoid the expense of safely monitored sedation or general anaesthetic. A petition to grant NHS patients full information about the risks of severe outpatient hysteroscopy pain, and the upfront choice of local anaesthetic, sedation, epidural or general anaesthetic was launched in summer 2018. 'End barbaric NHS hysteroscopies with inadequate pain-relief'. It asks the Secretary of State for Health to ensure that:

 * 1) All NHS hysteroscopists have advanced training in pain medicine.
 * 2) All hysteroscopy patients receive full written information before the procedure, listing the risks and benefits and explaining that local anaesthetic may be painful and ineffective against the severe pain of cervical dilation, womb distension and biopsy.
 * 3) All hysteroscopy services are adequately funded so that BEFORE their procedures patients may choose no anaesthesia/ local anaesthesia/ safely monitored conscious sedation/ epidural/ general anaesthetic.
 * 4) The Best Practice Tariff financial incentive, which rewards NHS Trusts who perform a high percentage of hysteroscopies in outpatients without a trained anaesthetist, is abolished.

title: Hysteroscopy