text:
Great Southern and Western Railway

The Great Southern and Western Railway (GS&WR) was an Irish gauge railway company in Ireland from 1844 until 1924. The GS&WR grew by building lines and making a series of takeovers, until in the late 19th and early 20th centuries it was the largest of Ireland's "Big Four" railway networks. At its peak the GS&WR had an 1100 mi network, of which 240 mi were double track.

The core of the GS&WR was the Dublin Kingsbridge – Cork main line; Ireland's "Premier Line", and still one of her most important main line railways. The company's headquarters were at Kingsbridge station. At its greatest extent the GS&WR included, in addition to the Dublin – Cork main line, the Dublin – Waterford and Mallow – Waterford lines and numerous branch lines.

Origins
There had been earlier attempts to set up main line railways to the south of Ireland but the 1840s efforts of Peter Purcell, a wealthy landowner and mail coach operator, and his associates were ultimately to prove successful with the implementation of a bill passed on 6 August 1844 for the GS&WR. Purcell was actively assisted by engineer John Benjamin MacNeill who had done surveys for the London and Birmingham Railway and had connections in London. The GS&WR's vision to provide a single railway for most of the south of Ireland found favour with United Kingdom Prime Minister Robert Peel as having likely more profitably for wealthy investors and because a single company would be easier to control; these factors likely easing the passing of relevant legislation.

Dublin – Cork Main Line
William Dargan, Ireland's foremost railway contractor, built much of the GS&WR's main line and a number of its other routes.

The directors chose to begin by construction of the 32.5 mi stretch of the Dublin – Cork main line as far as Cherryville Junction just west of Kildare and the 23.5 mi branch to Carlow with contracts shared between McCormack and Dargan. Work began in January 1845 with services commencing on 4 August 1846. Trains were scheduled to take about 2hr 35min for the 56 mi stretch to Carlow and coach connections were arranged to Kilkenny, Clonmel, Waterford and the evening mail coach for Cork.

In July 1848 the main line reached Limerick Junction, where it met the Waterford and Limerick Railway and thus linked Dublin and Limerick by rail.

In October 1849 the main line reached the outskirts of Cork, where the GS&WR opened a temporary terminus at Blackpool. The final 1 mi of line from Blackpool to the centre of Cork includes a 1355 yard tunnel and was not completed for another six years. Services through the tunnel began in December 1855, running to and from a second temporary terminus beside the River Lee. Finally the present Cork terminus in Glanmire Road opened in July 1856.

Expansion and competition
The Irish South Eastern Railway opened between the GS&WR station at Carlow and Bagenalstown in 1848 and reached Lavistown in 1850. From the outset the ISE was worked by the GS&WR. The Waterford and Kilkenny Railway had already reached Lavistown, and thus completion of the ISE enabled GS&WR services to reach Kilkenny. The W&KR reached Waterford in September 1854 but its relations with the GS&WR were poor, which impeded traffic between Dublin and Waterford by this route. In 1877 the W&KR took over the Central Ireland Railway and became the Waterford and Central Ireland Railway. The GS&WR took over the W&CIR in 1900, thus belatedly bringing the rail route between Dublin and Waterford under the control and operation of a single company. The GS&WR competed with the Midland Great Western Railway for many years. Both ran services between Dublin and the west of Ireland: the GS&WR running southwest to Limerick, Cork and Waterford, and the MGWR running west to Galway, Westport, Ballina, and Sligo. The GS&WR also had designs on rail traffic to the west of Ireland. In 1859 the GS&WR opened a branch line from the Dublin – Cork main line to Athlone where it connected with the MGWR's Dublin – Galway main line. In the latter half of the 20th century Córas Iompair Éireann made this GS&WR branch part of its Dublin – Galway main line.

Waterford, Limerick and Western Railway
In 1901 the GS&WR bought the Waterford, Limerick and Western Railway, which gave it both the Waterford – Limerick – Athenry – Claremorris – Collooney cross-country route and the North Kerry line and branches. The WLWR, recently dubbed the Western Rail Corridor, crossed MGWR territory. It complemented the radial MGWR lines from Dublin, enabling Limerick – Galway and Galway – Sligo traffic, and linked intermediate destinations in the west of Ireland. For a very short time the MGWR exercised running powers over the Athenry – Limerick section of this route.

North Wall extension
The line was opened in 1877 to resolve limitations with the GS&WR neither having rail access convenient to the cattle market at Cabra nor to the docks at North Wall where there was a requirement for goods, cattle and passenger services. The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) was supportive of the venture as was the rival Midland Great Western Railway (MGWR) who were to receive tolls for part of the route.

The branch opened on 2 September 1877 diverging from the main GS&WR line at Islandbridge Junction before tunneling under Phoenix Park to Cabra where cattle sidings and pens were constructed. After passing under the MGWR line to Broadstone and the MGWR's Liffey Branch to North Wall the route curved back to join the MGWR at Glasnevin Junction. Joint running rights were obtained over the MGWR route until Church Road junction in the North Wall complex, after which the route diverged to the GS&WR's new cattle pens and sidings. Link spurs were available at Newcomen Bridge to Amiens Street station and to the LNWR station at North Wall for passenger ships to Great Britain.

Drumcondra link line
1891 had seen the connection to the Dublin, Wicklow and Wexford Railway (DW&WR) following the opening of the Dublin loop line from Westland Row with additional traffic to the Liffey branch line. The GS&WR eventually moved on an opportunity to open an alternative route line from at what was to be known as Drumcondra junction which diverged just before the junction to the MGWR at Glasnevin. The route ran to the north of Croke Park then rejoined the MGWR just before Church Road junction in the North wall complex allowing the same access at North Wall for GS&WR services. Opening on 1 April 1901 it avoided the MGWR's Liffey branch tolls. A spur from the Drumcondra link line to the DW&WR at Amiens Street was finally realised on 1 December 1906.

GS&WR hotels
In an effort to encourage tourism the Killarney Junction Railway, which was operated by the GS&WR, opened a hotel next to Killarney station. This was in 1854, which made it the first railway-owned hotel in Ireland and one of the first of its kind in the World. In the following years the GS&WR established further hotels in County Kerry at Caragh Lake, Kenmare, Parknasilla (about 3/4 of a mile to the southeast of Sneem) and Waterville. The company also owned small commercial hotels at Limerick Junction and near its stations in Dublin and Cork.

In 1925 the hotels became part of Great Southern Hotels, a subsidiary of Great Southern Railways. The Great Southern Hotels Group was dissolved in 2006, when its hotels were sold off separately to private investors.

GS&WR strike
In September 1911 the workers of the Great Southern and Western Railway went on strike nationally after two checkers at Kingsbridge goods station in Dublin were suspended for refusing to handle timber that had been delivered by "blackleg" lorry drivers during a strike by the timber merchant's workers. The British Army was brought in to guard tracks and trains, and Protestant strike-breakers from elsewhere in Ireland to do the work of the strikers. The strike was savagely broken in two months, with the railway's proprietor, William Goulding, sacking 10% of the workers for their participation in the strike. Goulding told his associates, "Now that we have the men defeated, we'll never have any more trouble."

People
Peter Purcell, a wealthy landowner and mail coach operator, was the main mover of the GS&WR railway and became its first chairman:
 * Chairmen
 * 1844 — Peter Purcell
 * 1846 — George Carr
 * 1849 — Sir Edward McDonnel
 * 1860 — William Haughton
 * 1878 — James C. Colvill
 * 1897 — Joshua Pim
 * 1901 — William Goulding

Alternative titles include engineer, engineer-in-chief, chief civil engineer.
 * Civil engineers
 * 1844 — Sir John Benjamin Macneill
 * 1847 — George Miller (Also locomotive engineer)
 * 1864 — Valentine Browne and Charles G. Napier; permanent way engineers for Dublin and Cork respectively
 * 1874 — William Scott replaced Napier as permanent way engineer Cork.
 * 1878 — Kennett Bayley
 * 1901 — Albert Gordon
 * 1921 — John F. Sides

At different times in its history the GS&WR variously used the titles Locomotive Engineer, Locomotive Superintendent or Chief Mechanical Engineer to describe the same post.
 * Locomotive engineers
 * 1844–47 — John Dewrance
 * 1847–64 — George Miller
 * 1864–83 — Alexander McDonnell
 * 1883–86 — John Aspinall
 * 1886–96 — Henry Ivatt
 * 1896–1911– Robert Coey
 * 1911–13 — Richard Maunsell
 * 1913–21 — E.A. Watson
 * 1921–23 — J.R. Bazin

Lombardstown train crash

A year after the 1911 strike, on 5 August 1912 at 8.50pm, an excursion train from Killarney crashed in Lombardstown, near Mallow in Cork. The driver had been on duty from 3.50am. Of the 200 passengers on board, 96 were seriously injured, one of whom later died as a result.

Kiltimagh train crash
On 19 December 1916, in foggy conditions, the driver of a ballast train failed to see a red signal at Kiltimagh, County Mayo. The train, carrying many track workers, crashed into an empty cattle train, killing six people.

Great Southern Railways
An Act passed by the Dáil Éireann in 1924 merged the GS&WR with the Midland Great Western Railway, the Cork, Bandon and South Coast Railway and most other railways wholly within the Irish Free State to form the Great Southern Railway. In January 1925 the GSR merged with the Dublin and South Eastern Railway to form the Great Southern Railways. Cross-border railways were excluded from the mergers.

Córas Iompair Éireann
In 1945 further amalgamation with the Grand Canal Company and the Dublin United Tramway Company created Córas Iompair Éireann ("Irish State Transport Company"). CIÉ was nationalised in 1950, but was divided into separate rail and road companies in 1987. Since then, the railways have been operated by Iarnród Éireann ("Irish Rail").

GS&WR routes today
GS&WR routes remain some of the most heavily used in Ireland, linking Dublin with Limerick, Cork, and Waterford. The coats of arms of these cities still adorn the facade of Heuston Station.

title: Great Southern and Western Railway


text:
Nakota

Nakota (or Nakoda or Nakona) is the endonym used by those Native peoples of North America who usually go by the name of Assiniboine (or Hohe), in the United States, and of Stoney, in Canada.

The Assiniboine branched off from the Great Sioux Nation (aka the Oceti Sakowin) long ago and moved further west from the original territory in the woodlands of what is now Minnesota into the northern and northwestern regions of Montana and North Dakota in the United States, and Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta in Canada. In each of the Western Siouan language dialects, nakota, dakota and lakota all mean "friend".

Linguistic history
Historically, the tribes belonging to the Sioux nation known as the Oceti Sakowin (Seven Council Fires) have generally been classified into three large regional groups:
 * Lakota (Thítȟuŋwaŋ; anglicized as Teton), who form the westernmost group;
 * Eastern Dakota (Isáŋyathi; anglicized as Santee), consisting of the four bands: Mdewakanton, Sisseton, Wahpeton, Wahpekute;
 * Western Dakota, collectively known as Wičhíyena, the two central tribes of the Yankton and the Yanktonai.

The Assiniboine separated from the Yankton-Yanktonai grouping around 1640. All tribes of Sioux use the term Dakóta, or Lakóta, to designate those who speak one of the Dakota/Lakota dialects, except the Assiniboine. The latter, however, include themselves under the term (Nakóta).

For a long time, very few scholars criticized this classification. Among the first was the Yankton/Lakota scholar Ella Deloria.

In 1978, Douglas R. Parks, A. Wesley Jones, David S. Rood, and Raymond J. DeMallie engaged in systematic linguistic research at the Sioux and Assiniboine reservations to establish the precise dialectology of the Sioux language. They ascertained that both the Santee and the Yankton/Yanktonai referred (and refer) to themselves by the autonym Dakota. The name of Nakota (or Nakoda) was (and is) exclusive usage of the Assiniboine and of their Canadian relatives, the Stoney. The subsequent academic literature, however, especially if it is not produced by linguistic specialists, has seldom reflected Parks and DeMallie's work. The change cannot be regarded as a subsequent terminological regression caused by the fact that Yankton-Yanktonai people lived together with the Santee in the same reserves.

Currently, the groups refer to themselves as follows in their mother tongues:
 * Dakota people – Dakota, Santee, Yankton and Yanktonai
 * Lakota people – Lakota or Teton Sioux
 * Nakota – the Assiniboine and the Stoney

Present trends
Recently the Assiniboine and, especially, the Stoney have begun to minimize the historic separation from the Dakota, claiming a shared identity with the broader Sioux Nation. This can be seen on Alberta's Stoney official Internet sites, for example, in the self-designation of the Alexis Nakota Sioux First Nation, or in the claim of the Nakoda people to their Sioux ancestry and the value of their native language: "As descendants of the great Sioux nations, the Stoney tribal members of today prefer to conduct their conversation and tribal business in the Siouan mother tongue". Saskatchewan's Assiniboine and Stoney tribes also claim identification with the Sioux tradition.

The Assiniboine-Stoney tribes have supported recent "pan-Sioux" attempts to revive the native languages. Their representatives attend the annual "Lakota, Dakota, Nakota Language Summits." Since 2008, these have been sponsored by Tusweca Tiospaye (Dragonfly Community), the Lakota non-profit organization for the promotion and strengthening of the language. They promote a mission of "Uniting the Seven Council Fires to Save the Language".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nakota


text: Category:Italian models

title: Category:Italian models


text:
Turanian languages

Turanian is an obsolete language-family proposal subsuming most of the languages of Eurasia not included in Indo-European, Semitic and Chinese. During the 19th century, inspired by the establishment of the Indo-European family, scholars looked for similarly widespread families elsewhere. Building on the work of predecessors such as Rasmus Rask and Matthias Castrén, Max Müller proposed the Turanian grouping primarily on the basis of the incidence of agglutinative morphology, naming it after Turan, an ancient Persian term for the lands of Central Asia. The languages he included are now generally assigned to nine separate language families.

Classification
Müller viewed the structure of the family as follows:

 * Turanian
 * Northern Division (Ural-Altaic)
 * Tungusic
 * Mongolic
 * Turkic
 * Samoyedic
 * Finnic
 * Southern Division
 * Taic
 * Malaic (Malayo-Polynesian)
 * Bhotîya (Tibeto-Burman)
 * Gangetic
 * Lohitic
 * Munda
 * Tamulic (Dravidian)

He left Japonic, Koreanic, Koryak, Itelmen and various languages of the Caucasus unclassified, but suggested that they might have a common origin with Turanian.

Linguists no longer consider typological features a sufficient criterion for the identification of language families. Müller's northern division, Ural-Altaic, was widely accepted for some time, but largely abandoned early in the 20th century. The Altaic theory linking Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic is also rejected by most scholars. The combination of the Samoyedic and Finnic (Finno-Ugric) classes form the modern Uralic family, which is firmly established. Each of the five classes of his southern division are now considered to belong to separate language families, Tai–Kadai, Austronesian, Sino-Tibetan, Austroasiatic and Dravidian respectively.

title: Turanian languages


text:
Biological target

A biological target is anything within a living organism to which some other entity (like an endogenous ligand or a drug) is directed and/or binds, resulting in a change in its behavior or function. Examples of common classes of biological targets are proteins and nucleic acids. The definition is context-dependent, and can refer to the biological target of a pharmacologically active drug compound, the receptor target of a hormone (like insulin), or some other target of an external stimulus. Biological targets are most commonly proteins such as enzymes, ion channels, and receptors.

Mechanism
The external stimulus (i.e., the drug or ligand) physically binds to ("hits") the biological target. The interaction between the substance and the target may be:
 * noncovalent – A relatively weak interaction between the stimulus and the target where no chemical bond is formed between the two interacting partners and hence the interaction is completely reversible.
 * reversible covalent – A chemical reaction occurs between the stimulus and target in which the stimulus becomes chemically bonded to the target, but the reverse reaction also readily occurs in which the bond can be broken.
 * irreversible covalent – The stimulus is permanently bound to the target through irreversible chemical bond formation.

Depending on the nature of the stimulus, the following can occur:
 * There is no direct change in the biological target, but the binding of the substance prevents other endogenous substances (such as activating hormones) from binding to the target. Depending on the nature of the target, this effect is referred as receptor antagonism, enzyme inhibition, or ion channel blockade.
 * A conformational change in the target is induced by the stimulus which results in a change in target function. This change in function can mimic the effect of the endogenous substance in which case the effect is referred to as receptor agonism (or channel or enzyme activation) or be the opposite of the endogenous substance which in the case of receptors is referred to as inverse agonism.

Drug targets
The term "biological target" is frequently used in pharmaceutical research to describe the native protein in the body whose activity is modified by a drug resulting in a specific effect, which may be a desirable therapeutic effect or an unwanted adverse effect. In this context, the biological target is often referred to as a drug target. The most common drug targets of currently marketed drugs include:

 * proteins
 * G protein-coupled receptors (target of 50% of drugs)
 * enzymes (especially protein kinases, proteases, esterases, and phosphatases)
 * ion channels
 * ligand-gated ion channels
 * voltage-gated ion channels
 * nuclear hormone receptors
 * structural proteins such as tubulin
 * membrane transport proteins
 * nucleic acids

Drug target identification
Identifying the biological origin of a disease, and the potential targets for intervention, is the first step in the discovery of a medicine using the reverse pharmacology approach. Potential drug targets are not necessarily disease causing but must by definition be disease modifying. An alternative means of identifying new drug targets is forward pharmacology based on phenotypic screening to identify "orphan" ligands whose targets are subsequently identified through target deconvolution.

Databases
Databases containing biological targets information:
 * Therapeutic Targets Database (TTD)
 * DrugMap
 * DrugBank
 * Binding DB

Conservation ecology
These biological targets are conserved across species, making pharmaceutical pollution of the environment a danger to species who possess the same targets. For example, the synthetic estrogen in human contraceptives, 17-R-ethinylestradiol, has been shown to increase the feminization of fish downstream from sewage treatment plants, thereby unbalancing reproduction and creating an additional selective pressure on fish survival. Pharmaceuticals are usually found at ng/L to low-μg/L concentrations in the aquatic environment. Adverse effects may occur in non-target species as a consequence of specific drug target interactions. Therefore, evolutionarily well-conserved drug targets are likely to be associated with an increased risk for non-targeted pharmacological effects.

title: Biological target


text:
User talk:Quadduc

My talk page
This is supposed to be my talk page. You are supposed to be able to talk here, or something...

Spam
I have every right to post a link in the link page as every one else! Don't go and say that is spam. Also, the how to load tutorial is a real tutorial fool it is not spam! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by WordWiz (talk • contribs) 17:40, 8 April 2006 (UTC).
 * You should know what Wikipedia is and what it is not. And if the content you are adding gets removed several times by different people, don't just add it again, you are wasting everyone's time. Actually, I did check out that tutorial, but I honestly don't think it has the quality a tutorial like that should have to get its own link in a Wikipedia article, sorry. Moreover, I was not the first one, nor the last one, to remove that link of yours. Or was it GMG that put up that link? You're saying I'm the fool here? In that case, I'm not the only one. I did not just block you. --Quadduc 20:27, 8 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Look all I did was post a link in the external link list and add some help for users.
 * Tell me how my site is in any way, some how "spam" when all the other sites are not, they are the same thing! They are all forums, they all help users. You and others don't seem to get that. I did not try and spam the page. Take of others links or any thing like that. I don't care about other people because they do not have any backup to what they said. Tell me how my site is spam and how it can be called spam but every other site that is on that page not spam? It relates to game maker just as much if not more then any other site on the page. I did not make it so it "stands out more then any other site" by making it all bold or large font. What do you have to back up what you said. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by WordWiz (talk • contribs) 00:36, 9 April 2006 (UTC).

 * Also, why do you say it dose not have quality? I made it so just about any user could go and quickly navigate to all the links they need. Also, I walked step my step. Just about any user can go an get game maker to work on there PC with the tutorial. If you have any ideas to make it better feel free to contact me. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by WordWiz (talk • contribs) 00:37, 9 April 2006 (UTC).

 * You have started the same discussion on Talk:Game Maker. If, after your block has expired, you still think the link should be added to the article about Game Maker, please go there and talk instead. --Quadduc 11:36, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

Editing "Game Maker"
Hi, I own the Game Maker Schools (http://forums.shadeplay23games.com/). An online community that shows you how to use GM. It is relatively popular and I was wondering if it might be suitable to put in the links section of the "Game Maker" page. Thanks.

Shadeplay23 (talk) 02:38, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Quadduc


text:
Toby Robins

Toby Robins (March 13, 1931 – March 21, 1986) was a Canadian actress of film, stage and television.

Robins starred in hundreds of radio and stage productions in Canada from the late 1940s through the 1960s, working with such performers as Jane Mallett, Barry Morse, John Drainie, Ruth Springford, and James Doohan among others. She appeared in a number of television and film roles beginning in the mid-1950s, and hosted the first-ever CBC Television series, The Big Revue in 1952. In Toronto she played in repertory with Lorne Greene, Mavor Moore, and Don Harron. At the Crest Theatre she played the leading parts in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Dream Girl and many others.

Robins became a popular television personality as an original member of the cast of the long-running CBC television series Front Page Challenge in 1957, remaining with the program until 1961. Originally hosted by Alex Barris and later Fred Davis, Front Page Challenge was a current events series disguised as a panel-style game show in a similar format to the American What's My Line?. Panelists had to guess the news story or person behind a news story by asking questions of the guest; after the game portion, the guest was then interviewed informally by the panel.

Although Robins was initially criticized for asking simple and sometimes unintelligent questions, she soon found her journalistic sea legs and before long was holding her own alongside the more experienced journalists, including her co-panellists Gordon Sinclair and Pierre Berton. She left the series in a salary dispute in 1961 and was replaced by future senator Betty Kennedy (who remained with the show until its demise in the 1990s). Robins returned to the show from time to time as a guest panelist.

In 1964, Robins relocated to London and she appeared in a number of film and television productions, including The Saint ("When Spring Is Sprung"), Space: 1999 (the two-parter "The Bringers of Wonder", which was later re-issued as the television film Destination Moonbase Alpha) and in 1981 she played Melina Havelock's ill-fated mother in the James Bond film For Your Eyes Only'' (1981). She appeared in an episode of Minder entitled "The Willesden Suite", broadcast in February 1984. On London's West End stage, she appeared in such dramas as The Relapse, The Latent Heterosexual, The Flip Side, and The Aspern Papers.

Death
Toby Robins died from breast cancer in 1986, one week after her 55th birthday. In 1991, her family founded the Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Centre in London, which was opened in 1999 by HRH The Prince of Wales, with the aim of producing a coordinated program of research to tackle breast cancer. It is the first dedicated breast cancer research centre in the United Kingdom, and directly linked to one of the most renowned cancer facilities in the world, the Royal Marsden Hospital.

title: Toby Robins


text: Category:Slovak models

title: Category:Slovak models


text:
Wad Madani

Wad Madani (ود مدني), Wad Medani or Madani is the capital of the Al Jazirah state in east-central Sudan. Wad Madani lies on the west bank of the Blue Nile, nearly 85 miles (136 km) southeast of Khartoum. It is linked by rail to Khartoum and is the center of a cotton-growing region. The city is also the center of local trade in wheat, peanuts, barley, and livestock. It is also headquarters of the Irrigation Service. In 2008, its population was 345,290. It is the home of the Al Jazirah University, the second biggest public university in Sudan. It also has Wad Medani Ahlia University, a private university.

History
In the early 19th century, a district governor of Wad Madani (Madani) was Daf ʿAllah Muhammad, who was married to the Funj noblewoman Nasra bint ʿAdlan; they built a palace close to Madani, with a village called Suriba. It became a small Turko-Egyptian outpost, which grew rapidly following the 1925 Gezira Scheme of irrigation to stimulate local economic development. Wad Madani is a commercial centre of the Gezira agricultural district and is mostly residential. Wad Madani has lively commercial activities with well-stocked souqs.

The river banks of Wad Madani lie East the Blue Nile, which flows into Sudan from Ethiopia. The city's facilities are more modern than most places in Sudan, except in the Khartoum area.

Famous people from Wad Madani include the popular Sudanese singers Insaf Madani, Abdel Aziz El Mubarak, Mohammed Al Ameen and Ibrahim Al Kashif. Further, the renowned human rights lawyer and President of the Sudan Human Rights Monitor, Dr. Amin Mekki Medani, and the Chairman of the National Consensus Forces, Farouk Abu Issa. The center of the town is made up of the souq, Al Daraga, Al Gism Al Awal, Wad Azrag and the Sudanese District (formerly known as the British District).

On 15 December 2023, during the War in Sudan, a Battle took place in Wad Madani, as the Rapid Support Forces attacked the Sudanese Armed Forces in the region. The attack was repelled on 17 December 2023. But just a day later the RSF attacked the city again. The attack was successful and the Rapid Support Forces took control of the city after the Sudanese Armed Forces withdrew.

Climate
Wad Madani has a hot arid climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), despite receiving over 13 in of rain per year, owing to the exceedingly high potential evapotranspiration.

Transport
Two trans-African automobile routes pass through Wad Medani:
 * Cairo-Cape Town Highway

 * Ndjamena-Djibouti Highway

Education
Wad Madani provides for a range of educational institutions on four levels of education. Starting from kindergarten and day-care centres, on to primary or elementary schools, and until secondary schools. For higher education, there are two universities, the University of Gezira and Wad Medani Ahlia University.

Cultural life
In an article about the rise and decline of cinema in the city of Wad Madani, the popularity of "going to the movies" was explained in terms of its importance for public cultural life, providing a "fresh breath of freedom in light of the country’s independence." For many urban dwellers, movie shows were the only public forms of entertainment at the time. This applied both to educated and less educated people, as well as to women and girls, who were admitted as families in the company of their male relatives.

In a provincial town like Wad Madani, film shows started in the early 1950s in the form of mobile cinemas. This type of film show was presented in different neighbourhoods by the Ministry of Information by means of automobiles that could provide for a screen and a projector, managed by a specialised projectionist. Later, dedicated outdoor cinemas were built for regular shows, and in the 1970s, there were six such cinemas in Wad Madani. The films included Arab, Indian and other foreign films, for example "Guess who’s Coming to Dinner" or "War and Peace" and chosen by the 'Sudanese Cinema Institution' under the Ministry of Information. Also, international news broadcasts, for example by the BBC, were included. Censorship was exercised by special committees in order to protect social cultural values, but still with respect to the plot and artistic character of the films. Such evenings spent at the cinema "sparked heated discussions about the films being screened that carried on long after the film ended, in social occasions that brought communities together."

Starting in the 1970s, the spread of television and, more importantly, new taxes and restrictive laws, introduced in September 1983 by the Islamist government under Jaafar Nimeiry and followed by stricter censorship, led to the decline of cinemas that became gradually abandoned and derelict. Frequent cinema goers turned away from the films that could still be shown, as these performances no longer provided "a space for their rebellion against issues afflicting internal and external societies such as racism, injustice and politics."

Notable people

 * Nasra bint ʿAdlan, noblewoman
 * Amin Mekki Medani, human rights lawyer
 * Alexander Siddig, British actor of Sudanese origin
 * Abdel Aziz El Mubarak, singer and band leader
 * Ibrahim Al Kashif, singer-songwriter

title: Wad Madani


text:
John Barrow (American politician)

John Jenkins Barrow (born October 31, 1955) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for GA's 12th congressional district from 2005 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Described as "extraordinarily crafty and unquestionably persistent on the stump," Barrow survived several tough reelection bids in an increasingly Republican district. GOP legislators repeatedly redrew Barrow's district with the explicit intention of complicating his path to reelection, twice forcing him to move to remain within the boundaries of his district. In 2014, Barrow was defeated by Republican Rick Allen in one of that cycle's most closely-watched contests.

Barrow was the Democratic nominee for Georgia Secretary of State in 2018, losing to Republican Brad Raffensperger. In 2024, Barrow ran for a seat on the Supreme Court of Georgia, losing to sitting Justice Andrew Pinson.

Education, early career, and family
Barrow was born in Athens, Georgia, to Judge James Barrow and his wife, Phyllis (Jenkins) Barrow, who both had served as military officers during World War II. His family has deep roots in the Athens area, and according to his staff he is a great-great-nephew of David Crenshaw Barrow Jr., for whom nearby Barrow County was named. Through his Barrow ancestors he is related to 19th-century Georgia Governor Wilson Lumpkin.

Barrow graduated from the University of Georgia with a political science degree in 1976. While a student, he was a member of the university's Demosthenian Literary Society. In 1979, he earned a Juris Doctor degree from Harvard Law School. After graduation, he entered private practice as a lawyer, working until his election to public office. Barrow is married to the former Angèle Hawkins of Atlanta. Together they have 5 children: Charlie, Manette, Alex, James, and Ruth.

Barrow is a Baptist.

Athens-Clarke County politics
In 1990, voters from the City of Athens and Clarke County voted to consolidate the two governing bodies. Barrow was elected to the newly created Athens-Clarke County Commission, representing the county's fourth district. He won re-election in 1992, 1996, and in 2000.

Legislation
Barrow sponsored 59 bills of his own, including:

109th Congress (2005–2006)

 * H.R. 2073, a bill to create a tax credit for businesses with no more than 50 employees equal to 50% of the amount paid by the employer for health insurance coverage for the business's employees, introduced May 4, 2005. A version of this tax credit would later be included as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA).
 * H.R. 5694, introduced June 28, 2006, reintroduced in the 110th Congress as H.R. 1473, the 111th Congress as H.R. 1662 and the 112th Congress as H.R. 4283, a bill to require states to recommend the purchasing of liability insurance for child care centers, and to require child care centers to disclose whether the center carries current liability insurance 1) publicly and conspicuously in the service area of the premises of the center, and 2) in a written notice to each child's parents or legal guardian. Child care centers would be required to receive a signature from at least one of the child's parents verifying that he or she has received the notice, and would be required to maintain records of these signatures while the child is receiving care and for one year thereafter. While this bill has yet to become law, many states, including Georgia, have adopted their own versions of it.

110th Congress (2007–2008)

 * H.R. 1563, a bill to require Medicare Advantage organizations to provide at least the same amount provided under Medicare Part A or B if such services had been provided under either of those programs for critical access rural hospitals, introduced March 19, 2007
 * H.R. 2398, a bill to create the National Institute of Food and Agriculture to promote research aimed at improving agriculture, introduced June 21, 2007. This bill's provisions were included in the 2008 U.S. farm bill.
 * H.R. 3607, a bill to increase the allowable HOPE Scholarship tax credit from $1,000 to $2,000, allow it to be used for four taxable years, and allow it to include expenditures on books, classroom supplies, and housing, introduced September 20, 2007
 * H.R. 5897, a bill to create a registry of individuals exposed to excess formaldehyde in the Federal Emergency Management Agency's temporary housing units after Hurricane Katrina, to study the adverse effects of this excess exposure, and to provide free health care and counseling to individuals in the registry who are suffering from adverse effects of excess formaldehyde exposure linked to the temporary housing units, introduced April 24, 2008, reintroduced in the 111th Congress as H.R. 1661
 * H.R. 5918, a bill to create a program to make it easier for small businesses to provide health insurance coverage to their employees, introduced April 29, 2008. A version of this program would later be included as the PPACA's Small Business Health Options Program.

111th Congress (2009–2010)

 * H.R. 3652, a bill to require the Secretary of Health and Human Services to create minimum education and certification standards for physicians who administer medical imaging and radiation therapy, introduced September 25, 2009
 * H.R. 5594, a bill to create a program to award competitive grants to technical schools to pay for up to $2,000 in tuition costs for unemployed individuals enrolled or accepted at the school, introduced June 24, 2010, reintroduced in the 112th Congress as H.R. 2851

112th Congress (2011–2012)

 * H.R. 3121, a bill to require Congress to approve of any contract, grant, or loan awarded to any entity from the federal government if its value exceeds $100 million for a single fiscal year, introduced October 6, 2011
 * H.R. 4167, a bill to create a refundable tax credit for businesses whose employees' average wages rise in excess of inflation to partially offset these costs, up to a maximum of $500,000 per calendar year, introduced March 8, 2012
 * H.R. 6144, a bill to reduce the allowable amount of expenditures on new vehicles for federal employees, excluding vehicles acquired for national security purposes, introduced September 18, 2012
 * H.R. 6499, a bill to subject the pay of members of Congress to budgetary cuts under the Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act, introduced September 21, 2012

113th Congress (2013–2014)

 * H.R. 37, introduced January 3, 2013, a bill to repeal the employer mandate, individual mandate, and the Independent Payment Advisory Board of the PPACA, to prohibit the Environmental Protection Agency from awarding any type of financial assistance to any entity for the purpose of preventing or controlling air pollution if that financial assistance would be used outside of the United States, and to grant the Office of Management and Budget the authority to consolidate existing government agencies and programs if doing so would increase government efficiency. H.R. 37 also contains modified provisions of some bills sponsored by Barrow in the 112th Congress: H.R. 3121, 6144, and 6499.
 * H.R. 223, a bill to prohibit states from redrawing congressional districts more than once after each 10-year reapportionment unless ordered to do so by a court so that the districts comply with the U.S. Constitution and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, introduced January 14, 2013
 * H.R. 4331, a bill to reduce the number of limousines in the federal vehicle fleet by 50%, introduced March 27, 2014
 * H.R. 4591, introduced May 7, 2014, a bill to direct the Secretary of Labor to develop a strategy to deal with the country's skill gap (which the bill defines). H.R. 4591 also contains modified provisions of some bills sponsored by Barrow in the 111th and 112th Congresses: H.R. 5594 and 4167.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on Energy and Commerce
 * Subcommittee on Environment and Economy
 * Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing and Trade
 * Subcommittee on Energy and Power
 * Subcommittee on Health

2004
In 2004, Barrow entered the Democratic primary for Georgia's 12th District. The 12th had been one of the districts Georgia gained as a result of the 2000 United States Census, and stretched from Athens to Augusta. The district, with its 40% African-American population, had supposedly been drawn for a Democrat. However, Republican college professor Max Burns had unexpectedly won the seat in 2002 because of ethical questions surrounding the Charles "Champ" Walker, Jr., the Democratic nominee that year. This time, however, Barrow won a four-way primary and went on to defeat Burns by 52% to 48%.

2006
At the same time Barrow was elected, the Republicans won control of both houses of the Georgia state legislature for the first time since Reconstruction. One of their first acts was a rare mid-decade redistricting that targeted Barrow and the other white Democrat in the Georgia delegation, Jim Marshall. One proposed map, seriously considered, would have drawn his home in Athens into the heavily Republican 9th District of seven-term incumbent Nathan Deal, while throwing the other half of Athens into the equally Republican 10th District of six-term incumbent Charlie Norwood.

The final plan was somewhat less draconian, but shifted all of Athens to the 10th District. Rather than face certain defeat, Barrow moved from his ancestral home of Athens to Savannah in the newly redrawn 12th. The new 12th was slightly less Democratic than its predecessor. It now included several Republican-leaning Savannah suburbs that had previously been in the heavily Republican 1st District. Barrow faced Burns in the general election and won by only 864 votes — the narrowest margin of any Democratic incumbent nationwide. However, he trounced Burns in Chatham and Richmond counties — home to Democratic-leaning Savannah and Augusta, respectively (as well as more than half the district's population) — by a total of over 17,000 votes.

Barrow's 2006 candidacy faced not only the mid-decade redistricting but also two visits by President George W. Bush to the district, campaigning by national figures on behalf of Burns (including RNC Chair Ken Mehlman and U.S. Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert) and popular Governor Sonny Perdue's reelection bid.

2008
Shortly after Barack Obama's victory in the 2008 Georgia Democratic presidential primary, Barrow endorsed Obama for president.

Barrow drew a primary challenge from state Sen. Regina Thomas in 2008, who argued that the congressman voted too frequently with Republicans. Despite the district's substantial Black population, Obama endorsed Barrow over Thomas. Barrow ultimately defeated Thomas in a landslide, calling the outcome "a real victory for those of us who believe that the big things we agree on are more important than the little things that divide us."

He won a third term in November, defeating Republican John Stone by 32 points.

2010
In 2010, Thomas again challenged Barrow in the Democratic primary. She attacked Barrow for his vote against the Affordable Care Act, accusing him of propagating "lies and more lies" by misrepresenting his political stances on the campaign trail. Barrow outspent Thomas by a margin of 21-to-one during the campaign. He defeated Thomas by double digits.

Barrow defeated Republican Ray McKinney in the general election. With his victory, Barrow became the last white Democrat from the Deep South left in the House.

2012
During 2011 redistricting, the Republican-controlled state Legislature sought to gerrymander Barrow out of office by severing liberal Chatham County from his district. The enacted plan replaced it with more conservative counties in the Augusta metropolitan area, turning the 12th District into a seat that would have been carried by Republican John McCain with 59% of the vote in 2008. The new boundaries significantly hindered Barrow's reelection prospects, and The Washington Post named it the second-most gerrymandered district in the nation.

Barrow, a moderate Democrat who frequently bucked his party, remained competitive in the redrawn district nonetheless. He benefited from the lackluster campaign of his GOP opponent, state Rep. Lee Anderson, "whose laid-back and slow-talking demeanor" contrasted with Barrow's aggressive performance on the stump. Barrow defeated Anderson with nearly 54% of the vote.

2014
Despite initial speculation that Barrow would run for the Senate in 2014, he chose to seek a sixth term in the House. Barrow again emerged as a top target for Republicans.

In the general election, Barrow faced Republican construction company owner Rick Allen. Allen successfully unseated Barrow, in large part thanks to ads criticizing Barrow for voting with Obama 85% of the time.

2018
While considered to be a potential candidate for Governor of Georgia in the 2018 election, Barrow decided instead to pursue the office of Georgia Secretary of State. He announced his candidacy on September 24, 2017 and won the Democratic primary. Neither Barrow nor his Republican opponent, Brad Raffensperger, received 50% of the vote in the 2018 general election, so a run-off election was held. In that election, Barrow lost by approximately 57,000 votes.

2020
In 2019, Barrow announced his intention to run for a seat on the Supreme Court of Georgia. The election was controversially canceled by Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger after outgoing Justice Keith R. Blackwell announced his intention to resign from his position before his term was complete. Blackwell's decision allowed Governor Brian Kemp to appoint a successor, which Kemp argued rendered an election unnecessary. Barrow sued in state court to force an election, but Raffensperger's decision to cancel the election was upheld by the state Supreme Court in a 6–2 vote.

2024
[[File:2024_GA_Supreme_Court_(Pinson_seat)_election.svg|alt=Final results by county|center|thumb|200x200px|Final results by county:Pinson

{{legend|#FF9A50|50–60%}}

{{legend|#EE8E50|60–70%}}

{{legend|#D69850|70–80%}}Barrow

{{legend|#51C2C2|50–60%}}

{{legend|#2AACAC|60–70%}}

{{legend|#009696|70–80%}}Tie

{{legend|#AE8BB1|50%}}]] On May 21, 2024, John Barrow lost the Georgia Supreme Court election against sitting Justice Andrew Pinson by a 10 point margin.

Political views
Barrow is a Blue Dog Democrat as well as a member of the New Democrat Coalition. Based on Barrow's bill sponsorship, the GovTrack website had classified him as a centrist Democrat. Following the defeat of fellow Georgia Democrat Jim Marshall in 2010, he was the only white Democratic congressman from the Deep South.

Barrow got a 75% rating from the NAACP, which indicates a "mixed record" on civil rights; 83% from U.S. Border Control, indicating a "sealed-border stance"; 25% from Americans United for Separation of Church and State, indicating a "mixed record on church-state separation"; 0% from Citizens for Tax Justice, indicating opposition to progressive tax structure; 100% from the Campaign for America's Future, indicating support for energy independence; -10 from NORML, indicating a "hard-on-drugs" stance; 36% from the National Right to Life Committee, indicating a mixed record on abortion.

Abortion
Barrow has a mixed record on abortion. In 2005, Barrow voted for the Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act. The legislation would have punished any individual who helped transport a minor across state lines to obtain an abortion without receiving proper parental consent. He was one of 54 Democrats to support the measure, which was not enacted.

NARAL Pro-Choice America gave Barrow a 100% rating in 2013, citing his votes against the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act and legislation intended to make it easier for insurance providers to deny birth control.

While campaigning for a seat on the Supreme Court of Georgia in 2024, Barrow said, "I believe that abortion rights are protected by the Georgia Constitution, and I believe the federal Constitution allows me to say that."

Gun rights
In 2012, Barrow aired an ad that touted his support for the Second Amendment. The spot featured Barrow displaying his own weapons and pledging, "Ain't nobody gonna take them away."

Barrow ran for reelection in 2014 with the endorsement of the NRA Political Victory Fund, which praised him for standing "strong against the Obama-Bloomberg gun control agenda."

Healthcare
Barrow voted against both the first and final drafts of the Affordable Care Act. He argued that the legislation put "too much of the burden of paying for it on working folks who are already being overcharged" and expressed concerns that the bill would "overwhelm" Medicaid.

LGBT rights
Barrow was one of 34 Democrats to vote for the Federal Marriage Amendment in 2006, which sought to define marriage as being between one man and one woman. Four years later, he voted for the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, which allowed LGBT Americans to serve openly in the United States Armed Forces.

Stimulus spending
Barrow voted for the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. He was one of 44 Democrats in the House to vote against the American Clean Energy and Security Act, also known as the cap and trade bill.

Intellectual property
In 2011, Rep. Barrow became a co-sponsor of Bill H.R.3261 otherwise known as the Stop Online Piracy Act.

title: John Barrow (American politician)


text: Category:Ethiopian models

title: Category:Ethiopian models


text:
Lillydale Lake

Lillydale Lake (the name retaining the earliest spelling and the name of the former Lillydale Shire) is an artificial lake and wetlands area created in Lilydale, an outer eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The park in which the lake is situated covers over 100 ha and includes extensive recreational facilities. The lake covers 28 hectares with a 440 metre long dam wall. The ruins of the 1850s era Cashin's flour mill stand at the northern end of the dam wall. There are over 10 kilometres of shared trails, a community room and meeting facilities, a monster playground, toilets, barbecues and a picnic area. A boat launching ramp provides for non-powered boating. There are also two areas where dogs can exercise off leash.

History
Areas of Lilydale township are low-lying and susceptible to flooding from the Olinda Creek. In 1853 surveyor James Blackburn saw the site as a location for a water catchment though the Yan Yean Reservoir was eventually built instead.

The local council proposed a 65-hectare park in 1969 with several more proposals made but due to lack of funds none eventuated. Following floods in September 1984, construction of the lake was proposed to prevent future flooding and provide recreational facilities. Construction began in 1988 and was completed in June 1990. It was officially opened to the public on 7 July 1990.

Local residents often walk, run or cycle around the lake for fitness reasons.

title: Lillydale Lake


text:
File:Congruent triangles.png

Diagram of two congruent triangles.

$$\triangle\ ABC \cong\ \triangle\ DEF$$

Created by Merovingian.

title: File:Congruent triangles.png


text:
TUGZip

TUGZip is a freeware file archiver for Microsoft Windows. It handles a great variety of archive formats, including some of the commonly used ones like zip, rar, gzip, bzip2, sqx and 7z. It can also view disk image files like BIN, C2D, IMG, ISO and NRG. TugZip repairs corrupted ZIP archives and can encrypt files with 6 different algorithms.

Since the release of TUGZip 3.5.0.0, development has been suspended due to lack of time from Kindahl's side.

Supported formats
TUGZip supports the following file formats:

 * Disc images: BIN, C2D, IMG, ISO, NRG
 * File archives: 7z (7-zip), A, ACE (Extraction only; compression and other features can be added via Ace32.exe), ARC, ARJ, BH, BZ2, CAB, CPIO, DEB, GCA, GZ, IMP, JAR, LHA (LZH), LIB, RAR (Extraction only; compression can be added via rar.exe), RPM, SQX, TAR, TAZ, TBZ, TGZ, YZ1, ZIP, ZOO

title: TUGZip


text:
Miskan Island

Miskan Island (مسكان) is a small, uninhabited island in the Arabian Gulf off Kuwait. It is to the south of Bubiyan Island. It is about 1.2 kilometers long and 800 meters wide (area about 0.75 km2). The distance between it and Failaka Island, which lies to the south, is approximately 3.2 kilometers. The distance between Miskan and the nearest part of mainland Kuwait is about 24 kilometers. Miskan Island is devoid of any vital activity save a lighthouse managed by Ibrahem Bu-Rashid who lived in the island along with his family to guide ships sailing in the Arabian Gulf at night. This island is important because it is a link in a chain of islands along Kuwait's coastline from north to south, which provide Kuwait with a defensive frontline.

There is an active lighthouse on the island.

Early to late Islamic settlements were discovered in Miskan.

title: Miskan Island


text:
User talk:Copper12

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! — Zeimusu | Talk 09:51, 2005 Feb 14 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Now to serious matters. Thank-you for uploading the images of Toronto, but could you let me know the origin of these pictures. If you took them yourself (and nice work if you did!) could you edit the image page and add a copyright notice like " " It is important because without a clear statement of origin and copyright images will get deleted. — Zeimusu | Talk 09:51, 2005 Feb 14 (UTC)

Hi, could you please delete the 401 image that you uploaded from www.onthighways.com. That picture is copywritten, and cannot be used without permission. The image has already been removed from the 401 page (tho not by me). Thanks for your time. --Sonysnob 17:52, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Can you please stop adding pictures that don't belong to you and you don't have authorization to use. For instance, the Image:Cityhall1.jpg you uploaded was obviously taken straight from the Cobourg East Campground webpage. It's nice that you want to contribute, but please don't replace properly attributed images with your additions. If you have any questions feel free to ask. -- Norm 03:56, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Image:Toronto01.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Toronto01.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:Beach565.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Beach565.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:31563328.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:31563328.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:23723201.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:23723201.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:49264999.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:49264999.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:Picture 2556.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Picture 2556.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:401 cl rouge west.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:401 cl rouge west.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:TO-Summer-2004a--02.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:TO-Summer-2004a--02.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:Photo7062.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Photo7062.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:View8kr.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:View8kr.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)==Image Tagging Image:Rockieswater-4.jpg==

Thanks for uploading Image:Rockieswater-4.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Longhair 15:18, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Copper12


text:
Vir Sanghvi

Vir Sanghvi (born 5 July 1956) is an Indian print and television journalist, author, columnist and talk show host. He has been a member of many professional, academic and government bodies including the National Integration Council. Currently, he is a member of the Broadcast Content Complaint Council (BCCC), a body that regulates content on entertainment TV channels and Co-Founder/Lead Food Critic at EazyDiner. He is an opponent of the Hindutva ideology.

Early life and education
Vir Sanghvi was born to Ramesh and Vimoo Sanghvi on July 5, 1956 in London. His father was a former-communist barrister turned businessman who hailed from a middle class family in Rajkot while his mother was an industrial psychologist who hailed from a wealthy textile-mill owning family from Ahmedabad comparable to the Sarabhais.

Vir Sanghvi is an Indian editor and also a television personality. He is a Gujarati Jain. Currently, he is editorial director of the Hindustan Times. Sanghvi was brought up in Bombay (now Mumbai) and London and educated at Mayo College, Ajmer, and Mill Hill School, London. He went on to study politics, philosophy and economics at Brasenose College, Oxford on the Inlaks Scholarship.

His show Custom Made for Vir Sanghvi on NDTV Goodtimes, where he travels across India, in search of the most luxurious and bespoke 'Indian' experiences has received high ratings and been renewed for a second season. His published books include Rude Food, India – Then and Now and Men of Steel (a collection of profiles of India's leading businessmen. He has also authored a biography of the late Madhavrao Scindia, which was released by Sonia Gandhi in 2009.

Personal life
Vir married author Malavika Sanghvi. They had a son Raaj Sanghvi. Later he divorced Malavika and married Seema Goswami.

Nira Radia tapes
In 2010, Sanghvi was connected to the Nira Radia tapes. In the audio tape Sanghvi was heard asking "What kind of story do you want?" It is alleged that he made some points suggested by Radia in his article titled 'Time for some transparency' under Sanghvi's column "Counterpoint". Sanghvi denied all allegations and uploaded the article onto his website for readers to make their own judgement. On 27 November 2010, Sanghvi released a detailed statement in the Hindustan Times, clarifying his role, and also raising the possibility of the tapes being edited. Due to the heightened interest in him Sanghvi temporarily suspended his weekly article "Counterpoint".

In January 2012, The Union Government told the Supreme Court that the Radia tapes broadcast by media organisations were tampered with and the government agencies were not responsible for its leakage.

Food critic and journalist
Vir Sanghvi writes a column, Rude Food, in the Hindustan Times Brunch magazine. Also given the “Best Food Critic” award from the Indian Culinary Foundation, Vir is the creator and host of the television shows “A Matter of Taste” and "Vir Sanghvi’s Asian Diary" on the Discovery Travel Living channel. He was also the lead judge for the television cooking competition, Foodistan. He is the co-founder and lead critic of online restaurant reservation platform, EazyDiner.

Books by Vir Sanghvi

 * Men of Steel – India's business leaders in candid conversation with Vir Sanghvi, Roli Books Pvt Ltd, India (Jan 2007) ISBN 81-7436-474-9
 * A Rude Life
 * Rude Food: The Collected Food Writings of Vir Sanghvi, Penguin Putnam (2004) ISBN 0-14-303139-2
 * ''India Then and Now : Now/Vir Sanghvi. New Delhi, Roli, 2006, 274 p., $120. ISBN 81-7436-397-1.
 * 26/11:The Attack on Mumbai, Penguin, 2009, ISBN 978-0-14-306705-4
 * Madhavrao Scindia: A life, Penguin, 2009, ISBN 978-0-670-08254-4
 * Mandate: Will of the People, Westland, 2016, ISBN 978-9384030391

title: Vir Sanghvi


text:
The Big Revue

The Big Revue was a Canadian variety television show. It was the first ever production of CBC Television when both debuted in 1952. The show was directed by Norman Jewison and written by John Aylesworth and Frank Peppiatt. The pilot episode first aired on 9 September 1952.

The series was hosted by actress Toby Robins who would later rise to fame as a panelist on Front Page Challenge. It was on The Big Revue that Don Harron introduced TV audiences to his country bumpkin alter ego, "Charlie Farquharson" (who years later would be immortalized on the American series Hee Haw and the Canadian series The Red Green Show.).

Reception
The Ottawa Journal said the show "all too frequently isn't very good ... the comedy rarely makes anyone laugh, and the dancing at best is mediocre". They complimented the music as "generally excellent", and highlighted George Murphy, Phyllis Marshall, Joan Fairfax and Margo MacKinnon for their "superb singing". The newspaper also pointed out that the show is Canada's "most costly television production, and with one or two exceptions, has been a flop week after week".

The Toronto Star had a different view on the show, writing that it has a "big dash of comedy ... an eyeful of brightness if you are television color blind ... some lovely songs with a punch ... dancing with a point, rhythm ... and fast timing which only seldom goes astray". Additionally, they were impressed with Phyllis Marshall, saying she "hits the bullseye when it comes to television singing ... she combines visual emotion with tone in a way some other television stars could afford to imitate".

title: The Big Revue


text:
Shin-Imamiya Station

Shin-Imamiya Station (新今宮駅) is a major railway station operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and Nankai Electric Railway. Shin-Imamiya-Ekimae Station (新今宮駅前停留場) is a stop on the Hankai Tramway Hankai Line.

This station is located near Dobutsuen-mae on the Midosuji and Sakaisuji lines of the Osaka Metro, but no physical connection exists between the two stations.

Lines

 * Shin-Imamiya Station
 * West Japan Railway Company (JR West)
 * Osaka Loop Line
 * Kansai Main Line (Yamatoji Line)
 * Nankai Electric Railway (NK03)
 * Nankai Main Line
 * Koya Line

 * Shin-Imamiya-Ekimae Station
 * Hankai Tramway Hankai Line (HN52)

 * Dobutsuen-mae Station
 * Osaka Metro
 * Midosuji Line (M22)
 * Sakaisuji Line (K19)

Layout

 * Two island platforms serving four tracks.

 * The Osaka Loop Line clockwise trains depart from the following tracks.
 * Local trains from Tsuruhashi: all from Track 4
 * Through trains from the Yamatoji Line: mainly from Track 4
 * Through trains from the Hanwa Line: mainly from Track 3 (Direct rapid services from Track 4)

History
Station numbering was introduced in March 2018 with Shin-Imamiya being assigned station number JR-Q19 for the Yamatoji Line and JR-O19 for the Osaka Loop Line.

Layout
One island platform and two side platforms serving four tracks.

Hankai Tramway Shin-Imamiya-Ekimae Station
Shin-Imamiya-Ekimae Station was called Minami-Kasumichō Station (南霞町停留場) until the renaming on December 1, 2014.

Layout
The station has two side platforms serving a track each.

Surrounding area

 * Shinsekai
 * Tsutenkaku
 * Jan Jan Yokocho
 * SpaWorld
 * Imamiya-ebisu
 * Tennoji Park, Tennoji Zoo
 * Kamagasaki
 * Tobita Shinchi

title: Shin-Imamiya Station


text:
User:Lemondscream

LemonED I Scream is a song the artist hide wrote, sang, and played guitar in. It's sang in English and is a bit random (like hide!). It's a great song and this song should be one of the songs remembered by his fans, we will never forget you hide.

title: User:Lemondscream


text:
Mick Dalla-Vee

Mick Dalla-Vee is a Canadian singer, songwriter, producer, engineer, multi-instrumentalist.

Early days
He moved to Western Canada, after leaving Bawating High School from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, with the band Shama. Shama toured Western Canada and was managed by Bruce Allen (Bryan Adams, Martina McBride) before disbanding. From that point he became the lead guitarist of Trama, managed by Sam Feldman (Joni Mitchell, Diana Krall), then on to playing bass for the band Paradox which evolved into his current band Cease & Desist. Cease & Desist has been described as "one of Vancouver's most popular club bands" by the rock music critic of The Province.

He also played the part of John in a Beatles cover band, Revolver, that was put together for Expo 86, and played occasionally throughout the subsequent decade.

Songwriting
Mick has written or co-written many songs on albums for artists as diverse as country music's Brent Howard and Canada's Singing Cowgirl: Marilyn Faye Parney, the heavy rock sounds of Blackstone (released on the Delinquent label in Canada), the soul/R&B sounds of 'j.c. neill', Belinda Metz and new singing sensation 'Emily Jordan' to the 'smooth jazz' sounds of internationally acclaimed Lori Paul. He co-wrote ten of the eleven songs on Paul's album Vanity Press. His first country song 'The Wrangler' reached the country top 30 charts right across Canada. It also achieved 'Heavy Rotation' on C.M.T., Canada's country music video channel. One of the songs from Mick's 'A Whistler Christmas' album entitled, 'All I Want is You at Christmastime' has been recorded and released by Canadian country star, Brent Howard and has also been sent to be recorded by 'Art Garfunkel' for a compilation Christmas album due in the not too distant future. He has also written music for movies, television, videos, video games and promotional spots. His writing styles run the gamut from 'Smooth Jazz' to 'Heavy Thrash'. (A Whistler Christmas and Dalla-Vee's original Christmas songs are often heard on Canadian radio during their Christmas music programming.)

Producing
Aside from producing himself in an array of projects such as 1994's A Whistler Christmas album, he runs his own studio 'Millennia Sound Design', producing and engineering for artists like: Randy Bachman, Emily Jordan, j.c. neill, Lori Paul, Hello Beautiful amongst others. He has ongoing contracts with The National Braille Factory, and has provided theme music and soundscapes for two network television series and Simon Fraser University. Randy Bachman's new CD "Jazzthing" had some work done on it at "Millennia Sound Design".

Vocals
Dalla-Vee has contributed to projects as diverse as, the multi platinum heavy rock of the "Mötley Crüe" album "A Decade of Decadence" to the country/rockabilly sounds of Brent Howard and Southern Cherry to Colin Arthur Wiebe. Canadian legends, Trooper and The Powder Blues Band have also used Mick's voice for recordings. He has worked extensively as a studio session singer/musician, with his talent of many voices being used on a worldwide 'Karaoke' album package marketed over the dreaded U.S. infomercial. He has sung a number of commercial jingles for radio and television.

Awards
Having recorded with a host of other Canadian and international recording acts such as Randy Bachman (of the band The Guess Who and Bachman Turner Overdrive), Mick was awarded a 'Gold Record' for his work on the 'Trooper' album 'Last of the Gypsies' in 1991. In 2011-2012 Mick received first a Gold Status award then a Platinum status award for The Live DVD: Bachman & Turner Live at The Roseland Ballroom in New York City. The guest performer with the band for that show and DVD was Paul Shaffer of The Late Show with David Letterman.

Mick also earned a Platinum status for the DVD ‘Randy Bachman’s Vinyl Tap’ which was filmed during the cross Canada tour of the show by the same name. Mick is the featured vocalist as well as bass player in Randy's live band.

In 1997, he received the Saskatchewan Album of the Year Award for his song writing/musician contributions to an album with proceeds going to people affected with multiple sclerosis.

Live
He keeps an extremely steady schedule playing guitar, bass and keyboards with his main band, Cease and Desist, and its new show "Atlantic Crossing". He is the bass player/vocalist with Canadian Rock Legend, Randy Bachman's band.

Bachman’s 2003 - 2007 foray in the jazz world with his CD's, ‘Jazz Thing (1 & 2)’ features Dalla-Vee on the ‘upright bass’ and vocals.

He plays mandolin, banjo, acoustic guitars and harmonica in the Brent Howard and Southern Cherry band, and has toured as John Lennon in 'Revolver - The Worlds Best Beatles Show'. Mick also appears as 'Elton John' in the hit show, Elton and Billy: Live.

Dalla-Vee played keyboards with the R&B Grammy Award winning sensation, Melanie Fiona.

Affiliations
A longtime member of the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, he has sat on the panel as a judge for Canada's Juno Awards (Canada's Version of The Grammy's). He was on the board of directors of the Pacific Music Industry Association for 3 years, and is also chair of The Carolyn Foundation Musician's Assistance Society; a non-profit organization he and colleagues set-up in the wake of his daughter Carolyn's sudden death in November 1999.

title: Mick Dalla-Vee


text:
Spade Cooley

Donnell Clyde "Spade" Cooley (December 17, 1910 – November 23, 1969) was an American Western swing musician, big band leader, actor, television personality and convicted murderer. In 1961 he was tried and convicted for the murder of his second wife, Ella Mae Evans.

Early life
Donnell Clyde Cooley was born in Grand, Oklahoma. Being part Cherokee, he was sent to the Chemawa Indian School in Salem, Oregon, in his youth. In 1930, during the Dust Bowl, Cooley's family moved to California. It was here that he took the nickname "Spade" after he played a poker game and won three straight flush hands, all in spades.

Music career
Cooley joined a big band led by Jimmy Wakely which played at the Venice Pier Ballroom in Venice, California, playing fiddle. Several thousand dancers would turn out on Saturday nights to swing and hop: "The hoards (sic) of people and jitterbuggers loved [Cooley]." When Wakely got a movie contract at Universal Pictures, Cooley replaced him as bandleader. To capitalize on the pioneering success of the Bob Wills–Tommy Duncan pairing, Cooley hired vocalist Tex Williams, who was capable of the mellow deep baritone sound made popular by Duncan. Cooley's eighteen-month engagement at the Venice Pier Ballroom was record-breaking for the early half of the 1940s.

Cooley wrote and recorded "Shame on You", released by Okeh Records; recorded in December 1944, it was No. 1 on the country charts for two months, while covers of the song by Red Foley with Lawrence Welk, and by Bill Boyd, opened at No. 3 and No. 4 (respectively) on Billboard's "Most Played Juke Box Folk Records" chart (the chart which evolved into today's Hot Country chart) for 30 August 1945. Soundies Distributing Corp. of America issued one of their "music video like" film shorts of Cooley's band performing "Shame on You" in the fall of 1945. "Shame on You" was the first in an unbroken string of six Top Ten singles including "Detour" and "You Can't Break My Heart".

Spade Cooley hung around Republic Pictures, ultimately sneaking onto a Gene Autry set. He was caught, but Autry noticed his resemblance to Roy Rogers and his talent for playing the fiddle and introduced him to Rogers. Cooley appeared in thirty-eight Western films, both in bit parts and as a stand-in and stuntman for cowboy actor Roy Rogers. In 1936, Rogers made Cooley the featured fiddle player and a vocalist in his group Riders of the Purple Sage. Billed as Spade Cooley and His Western Dance Gang, he was featured in the soundie Take Me Back To Tulsa released July 31, 1944, along with Williams and Carolina Cotton. Corrine, Corrina was released August 28, 1944 minus Cotton. The film short Spade Cooley: King of Western Swing was filmed in May 1945 and released September 1, 1945. It was followed by Melody Stampede released on November 8, 1945. Spade Cooley & His Orchestra came out in 1949. In 1950, Cooley had significant roles in several films.

In the summer of 1946, the Cooley band fragmented after the bandleader fired Williams, who had offers to record on his own. A number of key sidemen, including guitarist Johnny Weis, left with Williams, who formed the Western Caravan, which incorporated a sound similar to Cooley's. Williams had his hit recording of "Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)" in 1948. Cooley reconstituted his band with former Bob Wills sidemen, including steel guitarist Noel Boggs and the guitar ensemble of Jimmy Wyble and Cameron Hill. He also added full brass and reed sections to the band.

Beginning in June 1948, Cooley began hosting The Spade Cooley Show, a variety show on KTLA-TV in Los Angeles, broadcast from the Santa Monica Ballroom, on the pier. The show won local Emmy awards in 1952 and 1953. Guests included Frankie Laine, Frank Sinatra and Dinah Shore. The Spade Cooley Show was viewed coast-to-coast via the Paramount Television Network. KTLA eventually cancelled Cooley's program by 1956 and replaced it with a competing show brought over from KCOP, Cliffie Stone's Hometown Jamboree.

Cooley was in a so-called "battle of the bands," the date of which has not been documented, with Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys at the Venice Pier Ballroom. Afterward, Cooley claimed he won and began to promote himself as the King of Western Swing. Some music aficionados insist Wills deserved the title "King of Western Swing", and Fort Worth's Milton Brown should be called "Father of Western Swing". But apparently the first documented use of Western swing for this style of music was in 1942 by Cooley's promoter at the time, Forman Phillips. Cooley was honored by the installation of a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The foundation was laid on February 8, 1960.

Murder of Ella Mae Evans
Cooley's second wife, Ella Mae Cooley (née Evans), had been a singer in his band before they married in 1945; he was 34, she was 21. During their marriage, Cooley suspected Ella Mae of repeatedly being unfaithful. In March 1961, she told a friend she had had an affair with Roy Rogers in 1952 or 1953. She soon asked Cooley - who had had many of his own affairs - for a divorce. On March 23, he filed for divorce, citing "incompatibility" and seeking custody of their three children, Melody, Donnell Jr. and John.

On April 3, Cooley murdered his wife at the couple's home near Willow Springs. Cooley's then-14-year-old daughter, Melody, recounted to the jury how she was forced by her father to watch in terror as he beat her mother's head against the floor, stomped on her stomach, then crushed a lit cigarette against her skin to see whether she was dead. Cooley claimed his wife had been injured by falling in the shower.

On April 26, 1961, Cooley was indicted by a Kern County grand jury for the murder. Cooley was defended by attorney P. Basil Lambros, in what was the longest case in county history at the time, and was convicted of first-degree murder by a Kern County jury on August 21, 1961, after unexpectedly withdrawing an insanity plea. Facing a possible death sentence, Cooley was sentenced to life in prison, eligible for parole after serving seven years.

Cooley had a parole hearing after serving eight years, in August 1969. His friends in Hollywood had been lobbying Governor Ronald Reagan, who threw his support behind Cooley being released on parole; the state review board voted to grant Cooley a release on parole, effective February 1970. Cooley died before his parole took effect.

Cooley had been awarded a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, before the murder conviction, which has not been removed.

Death
On August 5, 1968, the California State Adult Authority voted unanimously to parole Cooley on February 22, 1970. He had served less than nine years of a life sentence and was in poor health from heart trouble.

On November 23, 1969, he received a 72-hour furlough from the prison hospital unit at Vacaville to play a benefit concert for the Deputy Sheriffs Association of Alameda County at the Oakland Auditorium (now known as the Henry J. Kaiser Convention Center) in Oakland. During the intermission, after a standing ovation, Cooley suffered a fatal heart attack backstage. He is interred at Chapel of the Chimes cemetery in Hayward.

In popular culture
John Gilmore has written an in-depth portrait of Cooley's life and death in Shame on You, a segment of Gilmore's non-fiction work, L.A. Despair: A Landscape of Crimes & Bad Times.

Cooley is a recurring character in James Ellroy's fiction, including in the story "Dick Contino's Blues", which appeared in issue No. 46 of Granta magazine (Winter 1994) and was anthologized in Hollywood Nocturnes. Ellroy also features a fictionalized version of Cooley in his 1990 novel L.A. Confidential.

Country historian Rich Kienzle, who specializes in the history of West Coast country music and western swing, profiled Cooley in his 2003 book Southwest Shuffle.

He is referenced in one of The Honeymooners episodes, "My Aching Back (1956)" (from Art 'Ed Norton' Carney to Jackie 'Ralph Kramden' Gleason): "They wouldn't-a won [the National Raccoon Mambo Championship] except some guy slipped in a Spade Cooley record".

In the 1956 episode "Rochester Falls Asleep, Misses Program" (The Jack Benny Program), Benny talks about how he is not afraid to play his violin in front of an audience, saying to Mary Livingstone, "I'm certainly no Heifetz, or Isaac Stern, or Mischa Elman." Guest star Bob Crosby then jokes, "You can throw Spade Cooley in there too."

The Longmire novel Junkyard Dogs, by Craig Johnson, has Walt Longmire and Deputy Vic entering a truck stop that Vic refers to as "the Disneyland Redneck Ride". Music playing when they enter is "scratching the paint off the inside of the place". Vic: "What the hell is that?" Walt: "That'd be 'Three Way Boogie', Spade Cooley" He then gives the salacious bits of the above history.

Ry Cooder's 2008 album I, Flathead features a reference to Cooley on the track "Steel Guitar Heaven" ("There ain't no bosses up in heaven / I heard Spade Cooley didn't make the grade"), as well as a track named "Spayed Kooley", the name of the singer's dog.

In 2015, the Ella Mae Evans murder was profiled in the episode "Fame and Misfortune" of the Investigation Discovery series Tabloid.

In 2017, Tyler Mahan Coe's podcast "Cocaine & Rhinestones" profiles Spade Cooley in the third episode of season one.

In 2018, Jake Brennan's podcast "Disgraceland" profiled Spade Cooley in the 12th episode of the season.

In September 2023, Winnipeg musician Boy Golden released a single titled "The King of Western Swing" covering Spade's story and crime.

Discography

 * Sagebrush Swing (Columbia H-9 [4-disc 78rpm album set], HL-9007 [10" LP], 1949)
 * Square Dances (RCA Victor P-249 [3-disc 78rpm album set], 1949)
 * Roy Rogers & Spade Cooley: Skip To My Lou and Other Square Dances (RCA Victor P-259 [3-disc 78rpm album set], 1949)
 * Spade Cooley Plays Billy Hill For Dancing (RCA Victor P-275 [3-disc 78rpm album set], 1950)
 * Spade Cooley & His Square Dance Six: Square Dance Jamboree (Decca 1-245/1-246/1-247/1-248 [4-disc 78rpm album set], 1953)
 * Spade Cooley & His Buckle-Busters: Country and Western Dance-O-Rama, No. 3 (Decca DL-5563 [10" LP], 1955)
 * Fidoodlin' (Ray Note RN-5007, 1959; reissue: Roulette SR-25145, 1961; CD reissue: Collectors' Choice Music CCM-431, 2004)
 * The Best of The Spade Cooley Transcribed Shows (The Club of Spade 00101, 1978)
 * The King of Western Swing (The Club of Spade 00102, 1978)
 * The King of Western Music (The Club of Spade 00103, 1978)
 * Mr. Music Himself, Volume One (The Club of Spade 00104, 1978)
 * Mr. Music Himself, Volume Two (The Club of Spade 00105, 1978)
 * Mr. Music Himself, Volume Three (The Club of Spade 00106, 1978)
 * Spade Cooley & Tex Williams: As They Were (The Club of Spade CS-208, 1981)
 * Spade Cooley & Tex Williams: Oklahoma Stomp (The Club of Spade CS-209, 1981)
 * Spade Cooley: Spade Cooley'' (Columbia Historic Edition FC37467, Mono, 1982)
 * Swinging the Devil's Dream (Charly CR-30239, 1985)
 * Spadella! The Essential Spade Cooley (Columbia/Legacy CK-57392, 1994)
 * King of Western Swing (Collectors' Choice Music CCM-039, 1997)
 * Swingin' the Devil's Dream (Proper PVCD-127 [2CD], 2003)
 * Shame On You – Singles Collection 1945–1952 (Jasmine JASMCD-3704, 2019)
 * The Spade Cooley Collection 1945–1952 (Acrobat ADDCD-3308 [2CD], 2019)

title: Spade Cooley


text:
Acappella Vocal Band

Acappella Vocal Band (AVB) was a vocal group put together by Keith Lancaster in 1986 to augment the vocal group Acappella. AVB's popularity and ministry quickly grew, prompting Lancaster to launch AVB as a full-time touring group in 1988. AVB went through various lineup and stylistic changes before disbanding in 2000.

In addition to their early duties as Acappella's opening act and augmentation group, AVB performed and recorded as an independent ensemble. Many of their recordings, which included Give Me Light (1987) and Steppin' On A Cloud (1988), were later re-released on a CD titled The Early Years. In June 1988, with Acappella's expansion to a quartet, AVB branched off to tour on their own under the auspices of Acappella Ministries. Both groups underwent a shift in musical style during this period. Whereas previously, they had covered traditional hymns, praise songs and contemporary Christian pop music, both Acappella and AVB now recorded and performed primarily original music, much of which was composed by Lancaster. Acappella forged ahead with an adult contemporary sound while AVB targeted the youth market.

With Song In My Soul (1989), AVB made a major shift toward contemporary pop, rock and R&B sounds, though still entirely produced a cappella. On What's Your Tag Say?, the shift toward slick hip-hop and R&B was even greater, with a strong lyrical focus on the youth market and extensive choreography incorporated into their live performances. By the time Celebrate And Party became popular, the transformation to a near-perfect a cappella mimicry of the new jack swing style had been achieved, with a sound similar to Take 6, Boyz II Men, and Tony! Toni! Toné!. The song U & Me & God Make 5 followed in 1993, producing a hit on the CCM charts. The AVB lineup of John K. Green, Brishan Hatcher, Wes McKinzie, Max Plaster and Steve Reischl also recorded AVB's Spanish project, Caminando en la Luz (1994), and "greatest hits" compilation, The Road (1995).

After a brief hiatus, AVB returned with a different lineup for Way of Life and yet another lineup and sound for Real. Although the group is now defunct, almost 30 former members reunited in Nashville for a concert in July 2009.

Previous members

 * Todd Austin – Nashville, TN.
 * Chad Bahr – Graphic designer in Plato, MN.
 * Shannon Beasley – Teaches English at Arkansas State University. Personal trainer for Victory Fitness.
 * Luke Brown – Singer/songwriter in Nashville, TN.
 * Tony Brown – Worship minister at Grace Harbor Church in Rogers, AR.
 * Dale Cal – Independent environmental manager in Nashville, TN.
 * Dale Carpenter – Former worship minister at Highland Park Christian Church in Tulsa, OK.
 * Terry Cheatham – Counselor; Professor of Psychology at Lipscomb University in Nashville, TN. Terry died in August 2018.
 * Todd Dunaway – Works for Catalog Music Corporation in Nashville, TN. Also sang bass for Watershed Worship.
 * Danny Elliott – Police officer in Tulsa, OK.
 * Dave Fletcher – Works for Microsoft in Seattle, WA.
 * George Gee – Musical artist in Beverly Hills, CA.
 * John K. Green – Singer/songwriter/producer in Los Angeles, CA. John was diagnosed with cancer in 2016 and died on November 3, 2020.
 * Josh Harrison – Director of production for Premier Companies in Franklin, TN.
 * Brishan Hatcher – Worship minister at Highland Church of Christ in Memphis, TN.
 * Aaron Herman – Worship Pastor at North Ridge Church, Marshfield, WI.
 * Chris Lindsey – Worship and Creative Arts Minister at Well House Church in Nashville, TN. Also sang with Watershed Worship.
 * Wes McKinzie – Assistant Professor of Business at Oklahoma Christian University in Oklahoma City, OK.
 * Andrew McNeal – Worked as operator manager for a company in Washington D.C. Recorded a solo album entitled "The Lord is Blessing Me." Andrew died in November 2011.
 * Max L. Plaster – Technical consultant at Edward Jones in St. Louis, MO.
 * Brian Randolph – Former worship minister at First Street Church in Dumas, TX, and Altamesa Church of Christ in Fort Worth, TX. Brian died in January 2020.
 * Steve Reischl – Technical director at Dardenne Presbyterian Church in Dardenne Prairie, MO.
 * Kevin Schaffer – Worship Minister at Central Church of Christ in Amarillo, TX.
 * Jay Smith – Teacher, songwriter and salesman in Atlanta, GA
 * Tim Storms – Featured performer at Pierce Arrow Theater in Branson, MO.
 * Jeremy Swindle – Worship Minister at Landmark Church of Christ in Montgomery, AL.
 * Bret Testerman – Started Worship Coach, Inc., providing worship consulting for churches and coaching for worship ministers and is also part of Interim Ministry Partners.

Discography
The labels are taken from the original releases; many of the albums have been re-released with new distributors.

 * Give Me Light (1987, Clifty Records)
 * Steppin' On A Cloud (1988, Clifty Records)
 * Song In My Soul (1989, Clifty Records)
 * A Savior Is Born! (1989, Clifty Records, with Acappella)
 * What's Your Tag Say? (1991, Word)
 * Celebrate And Party (1992, Word)
 * U And Me And God Make 5 (1993, Word)
 * Caminando en la Luz (1994, Word)
 * The Road (1995, The Acappella Company)
 * Way Of Life (1996, The Acappella Company)
 * Real (1999, The Acappella Company)
 * The Early Years (2002, The Acappella Company)

AVB also appeared on numerous other recording projects for the Acappella Company (Acappella Series, Acappella Praise and Worship, Acappella Scripture Songs, Keith Lancaster solo projects) and made three video projects: Song In My Soul (1989), Video Party (1993), and The Land of Five (1994).

title: Acappella Vocal Band