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Seletar

Seletar is an area located in the north-east of Singapore. Its name can also refer to the Seletar Planning Area (as defined by the Urban Redevelopment Authority), situated in the North-East Region of Singapore. The place name was derived from the Malay subgroup who were indigenous to the area, the Orang Seletar. It shares boundaries with the planning areas of Sengkang to the south, Punggol to the east, Yishun and Simpang to the west, as well as the Straits of Johor to the north.

Formerly Royal Air Force Station Seletar Royal Air Force military airfield site, the area now houses a new S$60 million Seletar Aerospace Park that spans 140 hectares. The aerospace park houses industries specialising in aircraft maintenance and repair services. There are future plans to transform Seletar into one of the Singapore's regional centres, along with Jurong East, Tampines and Woodlands. Once the transformation is complete, Seletar will be known as the only regional centre without a single MRT line passing through it, unlike its other regional rivals who have multiple MRT lines. The recent introduction of newer residential property and retail malls, most notably Greenwich V and Seletar Mall, Parc Botannia at Fernvale, Luxus Hill, Belgravia Ace and Parc Greenwich has served well in rejuvenating the Seletar area, with further plans to increase BTO flats supply in the area serve to create additional housing options for people working in the Aerospace Park.

Geographical extent
According to the book Down the Seletar River: Discovering a Hidden Treasure of Singapore, Seletar generally refers to a region defined by the Ponggol River to the east, the Seletar River to the west, Ang Mo Kio to the south and the Straits of Johore to the north. It includes the areas covering Yio Chu Kang, Jalan Kayu, Lower Seletar Reservoir and a part of Upper Thomson.

Seletar Planning Area
Seletar Planning Area, as defined by the Urban Redevelopment Authority, shares a land boundary with planning areas of Sengkang to the south, riverine boundaries with Punggol to the east and Yishun to the west. Its northern boundary is made up by the Straits of Johor. Seletar Planning Area is officially divided into 4 subzones – Seletar, Seletar Aerospace Park, Pulau Punggol Barat and Pulau Punggol Timor.

History
The area was home to the indigenous Malay population, especially the Orang Seletar (Malay for Seletar people) - a subgroup of Malay sea gypsies living on the waters of the island. There were already hundreds of them even before the arrival of Raffles. Seletar was originally a rubber plantation estate owned and managed by the Singapore United Rubber Plantations Ltd. In 1923, the Straits Settlement government bought 600 acres from the Singapore United Rubber Plantations Ltd and gave it to the British Royal Air Force as a site for its military air base in Singapore. Construction of the airfield was completed in 1929 and it was officially opened in 1930. The airfield was the first RAF base east of India and had also served as a civilian airport until 1937, when Kallang Airport was opened to the public.

The Seletar Reservoir (now known as Upper Seletar Reservoir), was first built in 1920, after the First World War to cope with the water demand in Singapore. It was marked as a conservation site in August 1999.

The area is also dotted with colonial bungalows that were built for the military personnel of the RAF, which still stands today. In 2007, the government announced that some 174 bungalows has been set aside for demolition to make way for the new Seletar Aerospace Park, while the remaining 204 bungalows will be retained and some of these units will be converted into aerospace training schools and food and beverage outlets, while 131 units will be set aside for residential use.

title: Seletar


text:
USS Amphion (ID-1888)

The first USS Amphion was a former German passenger liner SS Köln for Norddeutscher Lloyd from 1899–1917. Köln had been interned in Boston on the outbreak of war in Europe and confiscated in April 1917 when the United States entered the war. The ship was under the control of the United States Shipping Board (USSB) that allocated commercial type ships to military or civilian use during the war. Köln was renamed Amphion and operated by USSB for the Army as United States Army Chartered Transport (U.S.A.C.T.) Amphion as an animal transport taking mules, horses and general cargo to forces in Europe. At the end of the war the USSB allocated the ship to the Navy, which used the ship from April to September 1919 as a troop transport for returning the United States Expeditionary Force from Europe.

The USSB contracted for the refurbishment of the ship after return by the Navy but the glut of war built ships, many new, resulted in Amphion lying idle from 1920 until sold for scrap in January 1924.

Norddeutscher Lloyd Köln
Köln was built in 1899 by J. C. Teckenborg A. G., Geestemünde, Germany, for Norddeutscher Lloyd. The ship, signal letters QGTJ, was a, twin screw, awning deck type vessel of lighter construction in which the upper deck was not a full deck but a light covering deck above the main deck. There were two full decks. The ship was intended for the line's Baltimore and Galveston trade with limited cabin class accommodation and concentration on steerage passenger and cargo space. The ship was launched 24 July 1899 and placed in service 20 October 1899 on a voyage from Bremen to Galveston and on 21 December on initial service to Baltimore.

Registry information shows 4,666 Net tonnage, registry length of 428 ft, breadth 54 ft and depth of 39 ft. USSB data after the war shows loaded draft as 38 ft with and summer. Navy shows draft aft as 30 ft with a 447 ft overall length. There were six holds with six hatches, the largest 26 ft by 16 ft, served by seventeen booms, and ten winches of five ton capacity each. Two double ended and two single ended, a total of six, Scotch boilers provided steam to two triple expansion engines.

The ship was configured to carry 120 second class and 1,850 third class passengers and in addition to Baltimore and Galveston made voyages to Boston, Montreal, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, and Quebec. Köln made her last voyage to Boston on 29 July 1914 before war and internment.

World War I
When World War I broke out in August 1914, Köln was interned by the United States Government. When the United States entered the war in April 1917, Köln was seized,

U.S.A.C.T. Amphion (April 1917 – April 1919
The USSB was operating the ship, with a Naval gun crew for protection, for United States Army requirements as the United States Army Chartered Transport (U.S.A.C.T.) Amphion to be used as an animal transport to move mules and horses for American Expeditionary Force (A.E.F.) in France.

Amphion was the first animal transport to sail from the Chesapeake on 14 October 1917, with forage, 881 mules, 169 horses and general cargo. The transport, loaded with animals for the A.E.F., was approaching Brest alone on 30 October 1917 separated from a convoy in fog when a surfaced submarine was spotted close on the port bow. The bridge officer turned sharply toward the submarine, attempting to ram, and the forward gun got off three shots followed by the gun on the stern. Some shots seemed to be hits, and the gun crews were officially commended.

Amphion was returning to the United States on 12 October 1918 when the German submarine SMU U-155 attacked with gunfire in the Atlantic Ocean at 36.1°N, -62.98333°W. The first shot disabled Amphion's wireless, and the submarine fired about two hundred more rounds as Amphion fled, firing about seventy-two rounds in return, with one believed aboard to be a hit. The German fire riddled the upper works and destroyed five lifeboats before Amphion outran the submarine. Two of the ship's crew were killed, one lasting until landed at Bermuda, with the more seriously of the six surviving wounded, including two of the gunners, were landed for treatment.

U.S.S. Amphion (April—September 1919)
World War I ended on 11 November 1918. With the war over, Amphion was transferred to and commissioned by the United States Navy as USS Amphion (ID Number 1888) in April 1919. Between 21 May and 3 September 1919, USS Amphion journeyed thrice to France – twice to St. Nazaire and once to Brest – bringing home 6,410 American troops.

Amphion was decommissioned at Brooklyn, New York, on 27 September 1919 and turned over to the United States Shipping Board (USSB) for disposition. Her name was simultaneously stricken from the Naval list. The USSB solicited bids for the extensive reconditioning work that would be required to make the vessel fit for civilian work as exclusively a cargo ship and let the contract to the lowest bidder in Providence, Rhode Island. Unforeseen work was found to be necessary, delaying the ship's return to fitness until 14 March 1920, when the ship left Providence and was returned to New York awaiting allocation. In January 1924, the USSB sold her to Boston Iron and Metal Company for $175,000 for scrapping.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: USS Amphion (ID-1888)


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User:Nicolas.kassis

I am a student at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. I am currently studying computer science. My favorite activities are to learn about Linux and related applications.

title: User:Nicolas.kassis


text: Category:Scottish mineralogists

title: Category:Scottish mineralogists


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Boobert

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:44, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Boobert
At first glance this article seems like it just needs touched up, but this user (User:24.244.210.190) is also responsible for several junk articles, which brings the validity of this entry into question, especially since it's been vandalized several times by someone with a similar IP address. If this user wants to mess around they can use the sandbox. -- RPIRED 05:56, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This is not a valid article. I am the user at (User:24.244.210.190) and have been putting junk entries because it is an attack against me personally from the user who originally posted it, who uses a dialup provider. Boobert chase is not a real game, and Boobert is a mean nickname given to me by the orginal author. Boobert chase is not nor has it ever been real. I am not messing aroung, I am defending myself. I VOTE FOR THIS TO BE DELETED! - User:24.244.210.190 01:01, 11 FEB 2005 (EST)

 * Delete Courtland 07:04, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)
 * Delete. Zero Google hits for "Boobert chase", and the modest number of Google hits for "Boobert" have nothing about a video game, just a few people out there using it as a nickname.  Could be speedy deleted as patent nonsense hoax. -- Curps 08:38, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Hoax. Inter 13:40, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy as admitted hoax (see above). Also not on Google or KLOV just in case anyone had any doubt. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 15:04, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Boobert


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Talk:List of mergers and dissolutions of municipalities in Japan

I think it would be more effective if this list is compiled according to prefecture rather than the merge date. Photojpn.org 05:57, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. Please do not hesitate to make any change. -- Taku 18:35, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)

How about if we make this a standard section in each prefecture article? I've been updating some of the prefecture articles with this information, see for example Ehime Prefecture. I'm not overly happy with the formatting and have used a variety of formats in various places. I think the format I like best so far is what I used in Ochi District, Ehime, i.e. a section titled "mergers" with subsections (by date) for each merger with text describing the merger (although perhaps the participants should simply appear following the "merged into" entity rather than be in a bullet list). -- Rick Block 19:07, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I've just added a mergers section to Fukui Prefecture. Comments? -- Rick Block 04:45, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I have a problem with this. That is, the info about mergers and dissolution might be distraction. Although Fukui Prefecture article is stil short, it can get lengthy in the future and this kind of information is not quite relevant. Take Tokyo and we want to keep the article as concise as possible, so I don't think there is a room for this kind of info. Remember not so many people are interested in merger and dissolution. We are the exception :) But in any case, we can always change our mind later by moving parts around. -- Taku 16:13, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * IMO, the reason to include this in the prefecture articles is so that you know what you're looking at. In particular, without this information the list of cities, districts, towns/villages is relatively ambiguous (is it current or historical, i.e. do all the listed cities/towns/villages still exist?).  Perhaps I'm wrong, but I'd think creation of a new city or dissolution of a district (for example) are relatively significant events in the history of a prefecture and should be included (somewhere) in the prefecture article.  If this gets too voluminous, we could have some sort of "as of" sentence with a link to someplace where the full list is provided. -- Rick Block 17:43, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I have to agree with Rick. Info about municipal mergers/dissolutions must be included in the prefecture page because we need to know whether the list of cities/districts is current or not. Also, someone with an old map of the prefecture might look at the Wiki page and wonder why a dissolved district or city on the map is not listed on the page. Or why there's a (new) city on the Wiki page that does not appear on the outdated map. Regarding the format, I favor the Fukui Prefecture page with a subheading under Geography under the current list of municipalities. The subheading title though, should be Mergers & Dissolutions instead of just Mergers. And I don't think it's necessary to make another subheading for each merger. We can just make it like footnotes. Photojpn.org 16:17, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * In fact, there are prefecture articles still missing merger sections... Ranma9617 01:16, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Categorization
Are the dissolved municipalities really to be kept in the categories of Towns in ___ Prefecture and Villages in ___ Prefecture? To look at such a list and be inundated with dissolved municipalities is quite confusing, especially for those not familiar with the merger system. Would it make sense to leave them as geography stubs but limit village, town, and city lists to only current municipalities? -- Ehroru 02:20, 3 April (UTC)

 * I've been leaving them in the "Towns/Villlages in" categories (see WikiProject Japan/Gappei). If anyone visits an article for a dissolved village or town, the article itself should mention that the town or village has merged.  Although there are fairly many, "inundated" seems kind of a stretch.  I think this came up a while ago at WP:JTNB (or some such place).  It certainly wouldn't hurt to bring it up again (but I'm not going to go through every town/village in category:Dissolved municipalities of Japan and decat them!).  Another option might be to move the articles, appending "(dissolved)" (or something) to the name so it's obvious from the category listing.  I had a conversation with user:TakuyaMurata about this once upon a time and he was not in favor of doing this.  Maybe another approach would be to use a specific category sort character in front of the name (like "併", but anyone who doesn't read Japanese would not understand this).  -- Rick Block (talk) 04:11, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Why not just split category:Dissolved municipalities of Japan into prefectures, and place inside each prefecture's cat as well?  There is no de-cat; just re-cat.  Neier 05:14, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with Neier- I just don't think non-existent towns should be categorized as towns. If we had a seperate category for former municipalities that would be best. The whole merger thing is pretty confusing to those first coming to Japan- I think this would help to make sense of it for newcomers to the country looking for information. I have mostly been working on Niigata, but I am willing to help out with the Gappei project for other prefectures Ehroru 07:37, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Subcats of category:Dissolved municipalities of Japan by prefecture (probably "of" not "in"), each a member of Cities in X, Towns in X, and Villages in X sounds reasonable. We could also simply link to the Dissolved cat from the header text in the cities/towns/villages cats.  There are something like 600 members of category:Dissolved municipalities of Japan at this point, organized by prefecture using sort keys, so recatting these by prefecture will take a while.  We could also not do the recatting and in each cities/towns/villages cat include a link to the appropriate spot within category:Dissolved municipalities of Japan, e.g. Dissolved municipalities of Niigata . -- Rick Block (talk) 13:49, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Do you think it's necessary to distinguish a dissolved village from a dissolved town in the categories? They aren't now... I was thinking that (for example) underneath  we would just add one new cat  at the same level as, , and .  We should still link to the new cat from each of those other three existing subcats like you mentioned.  I've also recently discovered the joys of monobook.js editing, so, that would help speed up the recat effort significantly if I would get the regexp matching to work. Neier 01:00, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Please let's not distinguish dissolved towns from villages (even from cities). I'm OK with either a single cat per prefecture as you suggest, or just leaving them all in the one big cat they're already in and adding links to this cat.  I guess either way somebody's going to have to edit all 600 or so articles (to delete them from the "villages/towns/cities in" cats).  I don't do Windows, so don't use WP:AWB, but I know some folks who do.  Should we bring this up at Wikipedia talk:Japan-related topics notice board just to make sure nobody else has any particular problems with the approach? -- Rick Block (talk) 02:46, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Glad we agree on that. I posted to the notice board just now.  And, I also don't use windows; but, there are ways to do AWB-type edits just using javascript.  You have to load each page manually for editing (or, at least I haven't figured out how to do so otherwise); but, after that, a single tab-click can do all sorts of things. Neier 04:19, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

I just did Miyagi as a test (and, it demonstrates that there are a lot of incomplete mergers that I need to take a look at, because 12 is way too low). Check out as well as the Cities, Towns, and Villages subcats of. If there are no problems, then I'll start going through the rest of the alphabet. Neier 11:59, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I've added links to the "cities/towns/villages in" categories - without this, traversal from, say, a dissolved town to the (non-dissolved) "towns in" category is kind of indirect. BTW - I believe Miyagi's dissolved municipality list is correct. -- Rick Block (talk) 12:38, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Oops. I forgot about the inverse way of traversing.  Thanks for covering my tracks.  Re: Miyagi, I have a map that came with my newspaper last April (yes, I'm a bit behind) that shows the mergers back to 2003.  By my count, there are 42 dissolutions.  A good deal of those 42 don't have articles of any form on Wikipedia, but, others (like Yamoto, Miyagi appear to have been redirected improperly.  I'll try to scrounge up some spare time and figure out what's going on. Neier 13:21, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Nearly all the town/village articles are still the stubs that Taku created (sometime in 2003). We won't have many articles (even stubs) for any towns/villages that merged before then.  I've been leaving the stubs for dissolved towns/villages, but I suspect some folks are turning stubs for merged municipalities into redirects.  If I had to guess, I'd say any article we have for a merged municipality that is a stub will never progress beyond stub status so it might be reasonable to turn these into redirects.   I've noticed even the official websites for the merged municipalities seem to be disappearing (they're permanently available at the Internet Archive).   I clearly haven't been only doing this, but it's taking a VERY long time to even go through every prefecture to make the municipality lists current.  Perhaps a next step would be to change stubs older than some threshold into redirects.  We could keep the redirects in the "dissolved municipalities of xxx" cats, but I'm not sure there's much value in leaving articles like Utatsu, Miyagi (just to pick one example) linger as "permanent" stubs. -- Rick Block (talk) 14:02, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

I just want to give my take. Like you two, in principle, I don't see any point in keeping articles on dissolved municipalities. As Rick points out, there are basically no articles about municipalities that were in existence before we (mostly I) started creating the articles about towns/villages. It is definitely a good idea to cover places that were not inexistent today (because they were merged/dissolved or whatever reason) in some way. That there are places that do not have articles or are completely unmentioned does not mean they need not be covered. I am basically in favor of greater coverage of places in Japan in wikipedia. It is, however, not a good idea to do so by giving them (except cities clearly) standalone articles. And so we are not going to create articles on places of minor importance (read towns/villages, I guess) that existed merely in the past. The tricky part is then so how. If the places were merged into some other, then it is simple; we can simply mention those in the article that absorbed the old ones. If the place simply has disappeared (could that really happen??), then I guess maybe we can mention it in the prefecture it one belonged to. Oh, so it may not be so tricky but just tedious :) In any case, apparently nowadays, I don't have time to contribute. So, this is just my take and I say good luck. -- Taku 08:42, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Consequently, I don't think we need to worry much about categorizing dissolved places. As far as priority is concerned, we really should update the basic data (e.g., population, area, etc). I might be able to do this in future, though. Speaking of future, if the ruling party loses the election this summer, Abe gets kicked out of the office, then the DPJ gets the control of the government, and it started implementing so-called 道州制-that is the dissolution of the current prefectural system, then we will be completely screwed. -- Taku 08:45, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the best way to thoroughly cover old towns/villages at this time is to create tables like many of the Japanese articles seem to have, and put them in every place that currently exists (the place exists; not the article). See ja:宮城郡 for one example; or, Izumi-ku, Sendai for one version I put in our English articles.  Note that even in the Japanese table, there are links to some old places, but not all of them.  We can fill out older articles eventually, or not.  I'm ambivalent about them -- the completionist/eventualist side of me thinks that each place needs its own article; but, as a practical matter, what Taku wrote is currently 100% correct.
 * I also thought about the gappei project when I saw a recent picture that was recently promoted to featured status. Something like Image:US_states_by_date_of_statehood3.gif would be amazing to add to these articles if we had the time/resources.
 * Anyway, it is not too much trouble for me to recategorize the articles which exist right now. I can knock out a prefecture in about 15 minutes or less (and, if I would stop "fixing" the "missing macrons", that time would go down even more).  I'm up through Ibaraki today (and, probably will do one or two more before sleeping).  Even if those articles are turned into redirects, the categorization of the redirects might be helpful, as Rick suggested.  So, I don't think it is a complete waste of time. Neier 13:19, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Re-verification
Prior to March 31 1999, there were the following numbers:

1. - Tōhoku - 67 districts; 400 municipalities (63 cities, 252 towns and 85 villages)
 * 1.1 - Akita - 9 districts; 69 municipalities (9 cities, 50 towns and 10 villages)
 * 1.2 - Aomori - 8 districts; 67 municipalities (8 cities, 34 towns and 25 villages)
 * 1.3 - Fukushima - 14 districts; 90 municipalities (10 cities, 52 towns and 28 villages)
 * 1.4 - Iwate - 12 districts; 59 municipalities (13 cities, 30 towns and 16 villages)
 * 1.5 - Miyagi - 15 districts; 71 municipalities (10 cities, 59 towns and 2 villages)
 * 1.6 - Yamagata - 9 districts; 44 municipalities (13 cities, 27 towns and 4 villages)

2. - Kantō - 64 districts; 453 municipalities (163 cities, 220 towns and 70 villages)
 * 2.1 - Chiba - 10 districts; 80 municipalities (31 cities, 44 towns and 5 villages)
 * 2.2 - Gunma - 12 districts; 70 municipalities (11 cities, 33 towns and 26 villages)
 * 2.3 - Ibaraki - 14 districts; 85 municipalities (20 cities, 48 towns and 17 villages)
 * 2.4 - Kanagawa - 7 districts; 37 municipalities (19 cities, 17 towns and 1 village)
 * 2.5 - Saitama - 9 districts; 92 municipalities (43 cities, 38 towns and 11 villages)
 * 2.6 - Tochigi - 7 districts; 49 municipalities (12 cities, 35 towns and 2 villages)
 * 2.7 - Tokyo - 5 districts; 40 municipalities (27 cities, 5 towns and 8 villages)

3. - Chūbu - 110 districts; 668 municipalities (134 cities, 348 towns and 186 villages)
 * 3.1 - Aichi - 16 districts; 88 municipalities (31 cities, 47 towns and 10 villages)
 * 3.2 - Fukui - 10 districts; 35 municipalities (7 cities, 22 towns and 6 villages)
 * 3.3 - Gifu - 17 districts; 99 municipalities (14 cities, 55 towns and 30 villages)
 * 3.4 - Ishikawa - 8 districts; 41 municipalities (8 cities, 27 towns and 6 villages)
 * 3.5 - Nagano - 16 districts; 120 municipalities (17 cities, 36 towns and 67 villages)
 * 3.6 - Niigata - 16 districts; 112 municipalities (20 cities, 57 towns and 35 villages)
 * 3.7 - Shizuoka - 12 districts; 74 municipalities (21 cities, 49 towns and 4 villages)
 * 3.8 - Toyama - 7 districts; 35 municipalities (9 cities, 18 towns and 8 villages)
 * 3.9 - Yamanashi - 8 districts; 64 municipalities (7 cities, 37 towns and 20 villages)

4. - Kansai - 78 districts; 395 municipalities (103 cities, 256 towns and 36 villages)
 * 4.1 - Hyōgo - 20 districts; 91 municipalities (21 cities, 70 towns and 0 villages)
 * 4.2 - Kyoto - 12 districts; 44 municipalities (12 cities, 31 towns and 1 village)
 * 4.3 - Mie - 14 districts; 69 municipalities (13 cities, 47 towns and 9 villages)
 * 4.4 - Nara - 8 districts; 47 municipalities (10 cities, 20 towns and 17 villages)
 * 4.5 - Osaka - 5 districts; 44 municipalities (33 cities, 10 towns and 1 village)
 * 4.6 - Shiga - 12 districts; 50 municipalities (7 cities, 42 towns and 1 village)
 * 4.7 - Wakayama - 7 districts; 50 municipalities (7 cities, 36 towns and 7 villages)

5. - Chūgoku - 62 districts; 318 municipalities (49 cities, 232 towns and 37 villages)
 * 5.1 - Hiroshima - 15 districts; 86 municipalities (13 cities, 67 towns and 6 villages)
 * 5.2 - Okayama - 18 districts; 78 municipalities (10 cities, 56 towns and 12 villages)
 * 5.3 - Shimane - 12 districts; 59 municipalities (8 cities, 41 towns and 10 villages)
 * 5.4 - Tottori - 6 districts; 39 municipalities (4 cities, 31 towns and 4 villages)
 * 5.5 - Yamaguchi - 11 districts; 56 municipalities (14 cities, 37 towns and 5 villages)

6. - Shikoku - 35 districts; 216 municipalities (30 cities, 145 towns and 41 villages)
 * 6.1 - Ehime - 11 districts; 70 municipalities (12 cities, 44 towns and 14 villages)
 * 6.2 - Kagawa - 7 districts; 43 municipalities (5 cities, 38 towns and 0 villages)
 * 6.3 - Kōchi - 7 districts; 53 municipalities (9 cities, 25 towns and 19 villages)
 * 6.4 - Tokushima - 10 districts; 50 municipalities (4 cities, 38 towns and 8 villages)

7. - Kyūshū - 82 districts; 570 municipalities (94 cities, 387 towns and 89 villages)
 * 7.1 - Fukuoka - 17 districts; 97 municipalities (24 cities, 65 towns and 8 villages)
 * 7.2 - Kagoshima - 12 districts; 96 municipalities (14 cities, 73 towns and 9 villages)
 * 7.3 - Kumamoto - 11 districts; 94 municipalities (11 cities, 62 towns and 21 villages)
 * 7.4 - Miyazaki - 8 districts; 44 municipalities (9 cities, 28 towns and 7 villages)
 * 7.5 - Nagasaki - 9 districts; 79 municipalities (8 cities, 70 towns and 1 villages)
 * 7.6 - Ōita - 12 districts; 58 municipalities (11 cities, 36 towns and 11 villages)
 * 7.7 - Saga - 8 districts; 49 municipalities (7 cities, 37 towns and 5 villages)
 * 7.8 - Okinawa - 5 districts; 53 municipalities (10 cities, 16 towns and 27 villages)

8. - Hokkaidō - 70 districts; 212 municipalities (34 cities, 154 towns and 24 villages)
 * 8.1 - Abashiri - 4 districts; 26 municipalities (3 cities, 20 towns and 3 villages)
 * 8.2 - Hidaka - 7 districts; 9 municipalities (0 cities, 9 towns and 0 villages)
 * 8.3 - Hiyama - 5 districts; 10 municipalities (0 cities, 10 towns and 0 villages)
 * 8.4 - Iburi - 4 districts; 15 municipalities (4 cities, 9 towns and 2 villages)
 * 8.5 - Ishikari - 3 districts; 10 municipalities (6 cities, 1 town and 3 villages)
 * 8.6 - Kamikawa - 5 districts; 24 municipalities (4 cities, 18 towns and 2 villages)
 * 8.7 - Kushiro - 5 districts; 10 municipalities (1 city, 8 towns and 1 village)
 * 8.8 - Nemuro - 3 districts; 5 municipalities (1 city, 4 towns and 0 villages)
 * 8.9 - Ōshima - 5 districts; 17 municipalities (1 city, 15 towns and 1 village)
 * 8.10 - Rumoi - 4 districts; 9 municipalities (1 city, 7 towns and 1 village)
 * 8.11 - Shiribeshi - 9 districts; 20 municipalities (1 city, 13 towns and 6 villages)
 * 8.12 - Sorachi - 4 districts; 27 municipalities (10 cities, 16 towns and 1 village)
 * 8.13 - Sōya - 5 districts; 10 municipalities (1 city, 8 towns and 1 village)
 * 8.14 - Tokachi - 7 districts; 20 municipalities (1 city, 16 towns and 3 villages)

My main question is this: With that said and done, how come that some have errors in each page (the ones entitled "List of mergers in "???" Prefecture", the ones Ive continue to create and to re-modify)? I was wondering if it can be re-investigated bit-by-bit. Please let me know if possible. jlog3000 (talk) 12:31, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what your question is. Can you please explain what pages you're talking about (links might help)? -- Rick Block (talk) 15:13, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 28 external links on List of mergers and dissolutions of municipalities in Japan. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20020506072951/http://www.pref.fukushima.jp/kouiki/sicyoson2.html to http://www.pref.fukushima.jp/kouiki/sicyoson2.html
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When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:37, 31 December 2017 (UTC)


text: Category:Scottish naturalists

title: Category:Scottish naturalists


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Elenchos

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:47, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Elenchos
This was tagged for speedy deletion, with the reason "this belongs soley in Wiktionary". This seems debatable to me, so I brought it here. Kappa 05:58, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC) *Wiktionary : if expansion is in the cards for this article, then it will be re-introduced with more flesh; also re-direct the link within the Socratic method article to the Wiktionary entry. Courtland 03:39, 2005 Feb 12 (UTC) We should either create an article for Elenchus and redirect Elenchos to that or vice versa or alternatively create an article for Socratic method and redirect the elenchos and elenchus. No vote yet. Capitalistroadster 09:12, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Wouldn't think Wiktionary. If there is significantly more to say on the subject, expand article. Otherwise redirect. Egil 06:55, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Wiktionary already has elenctic, with a note that it needs Wiktionarification. One of the things that a Wiktionary article needs is an etymology section, and most of this article qualifies as that.  However, this article has apparently sprung from a redlink in Socrates, and there might be more to say on the subject.  Wiktionary the etymological content to elenctic; and (as per Egil) either Keep as  if there is more to say on this that isn't already said at Socrates or Redirect, removing the circular link from Socrates, if there isn't. Uncle G 14:15, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)
 * It seems to me (though I am not an expert) that there is more to the concept of elenchos than a dictionary definition could cover, so I can't agree with "belongs solely in Wiktionary". Keep or merge and redirect. -- Antaeus Feldspar 20:31, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The original "circular link" had Elenchos as a redirect to Socrates with no explanation; and the only page linking to Elenchos was Socrates itself.  So it wasn't red, but it went nowhere, and there wasn't nearly enough on Socrates to say exactly what Elenchos referred to.  I think there's whole books to be written on the subject, with Socrates as a primary example of a user but not the entire focus, so it would best not be a section in Socrates.   is perfect for this article. Blair P. Houghton 20:34, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but in need of expansion. Megan1967 22:54, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Socratic method with the notation Template:R_with_possibilities ... I had a change of heart after reading Uncle G's words :) Courtland 03:42, 2005 Feb 12 (UTC)
 * Socratic method redirects to Socrates. Elenchos is a specific word referring to Socrates' technique. Google cumes up with 7,600 results  while Elenchus which has the same meaning and has 19700 results.
 * Keep, It's a stub for further expansion. I use the method, and so does a Catholic Philosopher today.  He has written many books with a couple of them using the elenchos method.WHEELER 18:58, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:English naturalists

title: Category:English naturalists


text:
Kollur Mine

Kollur Mine was a series of gravel-clay pits on the south bank of the Krishna River in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is thought to have produced many large diamonds, known as Golconda diamonds, several of which are or have been a part of crown jewels.

The mine was established in the 16th century and operated until the 19th century.

History
Kollur Mine operated between the 16th and mid-19th centuries, and was one of the largest and most productive diamond mines on the Indian subcontinent. At the height of production, around 30,000 – 60,000 people worked there, including men, women, and children of all ages. Kollur itself had a population of around 100,000.

Golconda mines were owned by the king, but operation was leased to diamond merchants, either foreigners or Indians of the goldsmith caste. As well as rent, the king also received 2% from sales and he was entitled to keep all diamonds weighing over 10 carats.

Mining at Kollur was crude, labour-intensive, and dangerous. Miners wore loincloths, slept in huts covered with straw, and were often given food instead of money. The pit walls had no timber supports and caved in after heavy rains, killing dozens of men at a time (women and children worked above ground).

The area was evacuated in the 2000s to make way for the Pulichinthala irrigation project and is submerged by 50 ft of water for most of the year.

Geology
The gravel-clay pits were a maximum depth of 4 m due to the high water table. The diamond-bearing seam was approximately 1 ft thick. Alluvial workings covered an area 1.5 km long and between 500 m and 800 m wide. It was bounded to the east by an outcrop of the Nallamala Hills and to the north and west by a meander of the Krishna River. Most of the pits have since been filled up with scree, boulders, and eluvium from neighbouring hillsides.

Notable finds
The Tavernier Blue diamond was purchased by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier from the Kollur Mine in the mid-17th century. King Louis XIV of France bought the diamond from Tavernier, but it was stolen during the French Revolution; it reappeared and has been re-cut as the Hope Diamond. Other diamonds thought to have originated at Kollur include the Koh-i-Noor, the Great Mogul, the Wittelsbach-Graff, the Regent, the Daria-i-Noor, the Orlov, the Nizam, the Dresden Green, the Nassak.

Location and maps
Kollur Mine's location on the south bank of the Krishna River is indicated at latitude 16° 42' 30" N and longitude 80° 5' E on several maps created in the 17th and 18th centuries.

All memory of its position was lost, until it was rediscovered in the 1880s by Valentine Ball, a geologist who helped to create this map of Golconda mines. In his annotated English edition of gem merchant Jean-Baptiste Tavernier's book Travels in India (1676), Ball notes that ruins of houses and mine workings could still be found at Kollur.

In the 1960s, Kollur Mine was pinpointed more accurately as being 1.5 km due north-east of Kollur village on the south bank of River Krishna at latitude 16° 43' N and longitude 80° 02' E, and extending for 1.5 km all the way up to Pulichinthala village.

title: Kollur Mine


text:
E. O. Smith High School

E. O. Smith High School, (or E.O. Smith) named after a member of Connecticut's legislature and former University of Connecticut president Edwin O. Smith, is a secondary school located in Storrs, Connecticut, United States. E.O. Smith was established by the University of Connecticut in 1958 as the first high school in the area.

Overview
E.O. Smith High School serves the towns of Ashford, Mansfield, and Willington, which together make up Connecticut's Regional School District #19. E.O. Smith also serves students from the nearby town of Columbia, and students from surrounding towns such as Columbia), Coventry and Windham may attend E. O. Smith as participants in the school's Agriculture Education program. The Depot Campus, also in Mansfield, provides a non-traditional model of education, emphasizing internships and smaller classes.

History
E. O. Smith was established in 1958 as a laboratory school for research and teacher training for the University of Connecticut, serving the towns of Ashford and Mansfield. It is located adjacent to the University of Connecticut campus, and was owned by the State of Connecticut and operated by the university until June 30, 1987. On that day, Public Act 84-42 was instated and the State Legislature voted to give ownership of the school to the Town of Mansfield and the Town of Ashford as long as the towns agreed to pay for the physical rehabilitation of the school. The Town of Willington joined the region in 1993.

In the early 2000s, the district superintendent, Bruce Silva, oversaw a referendum for a $31.5 million expansion and renovation at E.O. Smith that was "completed under budget and on time." Silva was superintendent of the Regional School District 19 for twenty-five years and an administrator for the district for forty years, with twenty-three consecutive school budgets approved by the time of his retirement in 2017. During that time, he planned and renovated the Reynolds School to become the non-traditional Depot Campus school.

Dr. Louis DeLoreto has been principal of E.O. Smith since 2001. DeLoreto is a graduate of UConn's educational administration program.

Student demographics
In the 2021-22 academic year, E.O. Smith had an enrollment of 1,094 students in grades 9-12, and a student-teacher ratio of 12.7 to 1. While enrollment has been flat since the 2018-19 school year (1,091 students), the number of teachers has fallen, so the student-teacher ratio has increased (from 11.2 to 12.7).

About one quarter (26%) of students come from poor households (measured by how many qualify for free or reduced-price school lunch). The majority of E.O. Smith students identify as white (76 percent), while 7 percent identify as Asian, 12 percent Hispanic, and 4 percent Black. Less than one percent of the student body identifies as multiracial, American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander.

Academics
As a regional public high school, E.O. Smith offers a general secondary education curriculum, including foreign languages, science courses, history, English, etc. It has a special program in agriscience, tracing to its proximity to and history as part of UConn, which began as the Storrs Agricultural College. Students at E.O. Smith may take early college courses for credit at the University of Connecticut (adjacent to the high school campus), Eastern Connecticut State University in Willimantic, or Manchester Community College, in Manchester.

Extracurricular activities and sports
E.O. Smith science students have been active in a coral reef conservation project, propagating and maintaining a reef aquarium so students can learn about aquaculture, marine biology and reef ecosystems. E.O. Smith has hosted the New England Frag Farmer's Market for fifteen years, and it has become the biggest one-day coral event in the country, with over 1,500 attendees in 2019. E.O. Smith soccer has an impressive record. The boys soccer coach for forty years, John Blomstrann, has led the teams to more wins than any other coach in Connecticut history. From 1980 to 2020, Blomstrann coached the teams to 565 victories. During a three-year period from 1980 to 1983, the boys' soccer team won all but two games in the Eastern Connecticut Conference.

The girls' 2014 season was disrupted when the team's coach, Jeffrey Sirois, sent an "inappropriate" video via Snapchat to the young players on his team, for which he was arrested and fired.

Among its most successful soccer alumni are E.O. Smith players Eleni Benson and Lyle Yorks. Benson was a three time all-conference selection and was named All-New England and all-state as a high school senior. She played for Yale University, and was a defender for Greece women's national team in the 2004 Olympics. Lyle Yorks was one of the most highly decorated youth players in Connecticut. Yorks won two NCAA championships with the University of Virginia team, and then went on to a career in Major League Soccer.

The school's co-ed crew was established in 1992. As the sport is dominated by private schools, it is the only public school rowing program in Northeastern Connecticut. The team practices at Coventry Lake (Wangumbaug Lake) in the town of Coventry, where it shares a boathouse at with the UConn Huskies rowing team and uses some of the college's equipment.

The E.O. Smith Drama Club presents four shows per year, including a winter musical, two straight shows in the fall and spring, and a night of senior directed one-acts at the end of the year. The spring show is performed at the Connecticut Drama Association Festival where cast and crew members have a chance to win awards and advance to the New England Drama Festival. E.O. Smith's Drama Club has won several awards from the Connecticut Drama Association including outstanding performance for Animal Farm (2009) and Lily's Purple Plastic Purse (2010), allowing them to continue to the New England Drama Festival, which E.O. Smith hosted in 2009. Several E. O. Smith actors have also won individual awards for their performances in the shows or in the Connecticut Drama Association Monologue Contest.

The school has had competitive computer science and math teams since the early 1980s.

Notable alumni

 * Desireé Bassett (2010) — guitar virtuoso
 * Eleni Benson — Yale soccer defender, 2004 Olympic player for the Greece women's team
 * Rivers Cuomo (1988) — musician, frontman of Weezer
 * Elliot Gerson — American secretary to the Rhodes Trust
 * Jennifer Gordon (1983) — MacArthur Fellow, professor and immigrant rights lawyer
 * Tim Page — Pulitzer Prize-winning critic and author
 * Peter Tork (1963) — musician, member of The Monkees, first graduating class at EOS
 * Lyle Yorks — MLS soccer midfielder, two-time NCAA champion at University of Virginia

title: E. O. Smith High School


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Idol-Henning

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:45, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Idol-Henning
Vanity; non-notable participant of Pop Idol 2003. -- Egil 05:59, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete,Non notable. Inter 13:37, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, article as it stands is un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 22:50, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, because the article does not meet the guidelines of WikiProject:Music. Tuf-Kat 09:44, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I authored this article but admit that it doesn't meet the guidelines. Maybe move to some other outletMrfixxit]]

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Stirrup (disambiguation)

A stirrup is a metal loop supporting the foot, fastened to a saddle on a riding animal. Stirrup may also refer to:

 * Baseball stirrups, a type of socks worn by baseball players
 * the braces supporting the lithotomy position utilised in medical examinations such as a pelvic exam
 * A clamp (tool) or support in the shape of a stirrup
 * Rebar bent in a loop and used to reinforce concrete
 * The stapes, a bone of the ear resembling a stirrup
 * Stirrup pants, a form of leggings with a strap beneath the arch of the foot

title: Stirrup (disambiguation)


text:
Naftalan, Azerbaijan

Naftalan is a city in Azerbaijan, known as a medical touristic center. It is located on an agricultural plain near the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. The word naftalan also means a petroleum product that can be obtained there. It is the centre of a petroleum industry, with a grade of oil referred to as "Naftalan".

The city is located approximately 330 kilometers west of Baku, 50 kilometers from Ganja city, and 40 kilometers from Mingachevir city. It is 225 meters above sea level and experiences a warm spring and mild winter climate, with an average annual temperature of approximately +14.8 degrees Celsius. The city covers an area of 35.73 square kilometers.

Etymology
The word Naftalan, can be traced to the Greek word "naphtha" ("νάφθα"), meaning pertaining to oil, and the Azerbaijani suffix "-alan", which is of the verb "to take" (and literally meaning "oil buyer").

History
Archaeological findings in the region date to the 12th century AD. Naftalan city was functioning as a settlement within the Goranboy and Yevlakh districts until 1967. On April 28, 1967, Naftalan was granted the status of the subordinate city. The city of Naftalan consists of a city and two villages. The base of Naftalan city is Sanatorium - Resort infrastructure. Naftalan Resort has been operating since 1933. In 1938, the Naftalan Experimental Laboratory was established in the Azerbaijan Scientific-Research Institute of Medical Rehabilitation. The biological and therapeutic effects of the Naftalan oil began to be studied there. Also, in 1965, Scientific Research Laboratory was established in Naftalan.

In the 2010s, the number of hotels increased in the city after the Azerbaijani government's tourism policy.

Geography

Naftalan city is located 330 km west of Baku, 50 km from Ganja in the foothills of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. It's located at an altitude of 225 m above sea level. The spring is warm, the winter is soft here. The average annual temperature is +14.8 degrees. The wind in Naftalan is mainly monsoon. The city's territory is 35.73 km2.

Demographics
According to the 1999 census, the population in Naftalan was 7,551. As of 2017, the population of the city is 8718 persons.

Ethnic Groups Population (1979 census)
 * Azerbaijanis 3,245 (90.6%)
 * Tatars 6 (0.2%)
 * Russians 136 (3.8%)
 * Armenians 182 (5.1%)
 * Lezgins 7 (0.2%)

Petroleum spas
The area is home to petroleum spas (or "oil spas"), that were popular vacation spots of the Soviet Union. At the height of their Soviet-era popularity, the spas in Naftalan had 75,000 visitors a year. The combination of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and the end of Soviet-sponsored free trips brought the industry to its knees in the late-1980s. All but one of the older spas were converted into refugee housing. The remaining spa, the Naftalan Therapeutic Center, had 1,000-beds.

The number of domestic and foreign tourists coming to Naftalan, which had a capacity of about 2,200 tourists a day, has increased by 5–6 times in 2016 and reached 30,000. the city has again become a major destination for health tourism.

Culture
There are two Houses of Culture that promote national traditions. Also, there is the Naftalan Museum and Music School. There are four parks in the city of Naftalan.

Education
There are three general education schools and one Children's Creative Center in the city.

Transport
Naftalan resort city can be reached by car or train from Baku and Ganja cities. The closest route for foreign visitors is the flight to Ganja International Airport.

Governance
The administrative authority of Naftalan city is overseen by the Head of the Executive Power of Naftalan, who is responsible for its governance. Over the years, there have been several individuals who have held the position of the city's head since 2004:
 * 1) Sadigov Fizuli Vali oghlu (2004–2006)
 * 2) Musayev Musa Hazi oghlu (2006–2010)
 * 3) Aslanov Natiq Musa oghlu (2010–2018)
 * 4) İbrahimov Rovshan Huseyn oghlu (2018–2019)
 * 5) Novruzov Vugar Vahid oghlu (2019–present)

Sister cities
Naftalan is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 L'Aigle, France (2013)
 * 🇮🇹 Positano, Italy (2013)
 * 🇷🇺 Yessentuki, Russia (2014)
 * 🇵🇱 Uniejów, Poland (2014)
 * Ivanić-Grad, Croatia (2023)

title: Naftalan, Azerbaijan