text:
David Wilcox (Canadian musician)

David Karl William Wilcox (born July 13, 1949) is a Canadian rock musician.

Early life
Born in Montreal, Wilcox drew inspiration from musician Elvis Presley at the age of six. Wilcox began playing guitar at the age of seven, having his first live performance (to a room of ex-convicts) at twelve years old. Wilcox dropped out of high school.

Career
In 1970, Wilcox replaced Amos Garrett in Ian and Sylvia Tyson’s band, Great Speckled Bird, playing backup for acts such as Anne Murray, Carl Perkins, and Charlie Rich. Wilcox also played backup for Maria Muldaur, Todd Rundgren, Paul Butterfield and John Paul Jones before beginning his solo career. In 1973, after two records, Wilcox left Great Speckled Bird.

David first played with the Rhythm Rockets, a band that featured Dennis Stillwell Martin on vocals, harmonica and guitar. After several successful years with the Rhythm Rockets, David Wilcox hit local stages in the Teddy Bears as a flashy character with an oversized waxed moustache, a baggy suit and a flower in his lapel.

David Wilcox's debut album, a solo album called Out of the Woods, was released in 1977. Out of the Woods produced three hits; "Do the Bearcat", "Bad Apple", and "That Hypnotizin’ Boogie". Wilcox signed with Capitol Records in 1982, re-releasing Out of the Woods, which became Wilcox's first album to reach gold status.

Wilcox's second album, My Eyes Keep Me in Trouble, released in 1983, featured "Downtown Came Uptown" and "Riverboat Fantasy". It was his second straight gold record and another series of tours followed.

Motivated by the success of his tour and two gold records, Wilcox went back into the studio in 1984 to record Bad Reputation. A year later he released The Best of David Wilcox, his first compilation album, as a hit-inspired collection of his songs. It was also the debut album for "Blood Money" and "When You Mistreat Her".

Later that year, Wilcox was honoured with the COCA (the Canadian Organization of Campus Activities) for Entertainer of the Year award (1985) (Biography, 2007).

Wilcox's next album to be released was yet another compilation of previously recorded successes and was part of Capitol Records' series Over 60 Minutes with...

In the late 1980s, Wilcox moved away from his past raw live-in-the-studio approach, to a more produced synthesizer and drum program modern rock sound. The album Breakfast at the Circus (1987) featured "Layin' Pipe", "The Song He Never Wrote", sounding like a Wilcox tribute to his excessive side. After more tours, he returned with 1989's The Natural Edge. It featured the title track, "The Natural Edge", the sweet anthemic pop of "Lay Down in Your Arms", "Ivory Tower", "Pop Out World", and the leadoff track "Still Life".

In 1993, Wilcox released his next album, a box set titled, The Collected Works 1977–1993. It featured live versions of "That Hypnotizin' Boogie" and "Trip Out Tonight". It also featured unreleased material such as "Needle in a Haystack" and "The Groove".

Thirteen Songs, released in 1996, featured acoustic-based music played with a small band. The album, recorded at Metalworks Studios in Mississauga, Ontario, features sax-and-organ jazz ("Rainy Night Saloon"), country storytelling ("Shotgun City") and deep blues ("Three Past Midnight"). Wilcox released Greatest Hits Too in 1997, with much of the album being produced by Wilcox.

Colin Linden produced the album Rhythm of Love which was released on Stony Plain Records. It featured "Play That Guitar Rag", "Easy Like Rain" and "Rattlesnakin' Daddy". In 2003 Wilcox released Rockin' the Boogie: The Best of Blues and Boogie, featuring much of his best-known work. In 2007, Wilcox released Boy in the Boat.

In 2013, Wilcox was featured with James Burton, Albert Lee and Amos Garrett in a concert which was later released as the live album Guitar Heroes on Stony Plain. That summer he also performed at the TD Kitchener Blues Festival.

With Great Speckled Bird

 * You Were on My Mind (1972)
 * Ol' Eon (1973)

Solo
Album chart positions from RPM magazine (Canada):

 * Out of the Woods (1977) #21 (on 1982 reissue)
 * My Eyes Keep Me in Trouble (1983) #40
 * Bad Reputation (1984) #63
 * Breakfast at the Circus (1987) #29
 * The Natural Edge (1989) #59
 * Thirteen Songs (1996)
 * Rhythm of Love (2000)
 * Boy in the Boat (2007)
 * Guitar Heroes (2015)

Compilations

 * The Best of David Wilcox (1985) #90
 * Over 60 Minutes With ... David Wilcox (1987)
 * The Collected Works 1977–1993 (1993)
 * Greatest Hits Too (1997)
 * Rockin’ The Boogie: The Best of Blues and Boogie (2003)

Compilation inclusions

 * Saturday Night Blues: 20 Years (2006) CBC

title: David Wilcox (Canadian musician)


text:
David Wilcox (American musician)

David Patrick Wilcox (born March 9, 1958 ) is an American folk musician and singer-songwriter guitarist. He has been active in the music business since the late 1980s.

Career
Wilcox was born in Mentor, Ohio, and attended Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, in 1976, where he began learning guitar. He later transferred to Warren Wilson College in North Carolina in 1981 and graduated in 1985. Wilcox appeared regularly at a Black Mountain, North Carolina, nightclub called McDibbs.

His debut album The Nightshift Watchman was released in 1987 on Jerry Read Smith's label, Song of the Woods, and was reissued in 1996. He began touring regularly. After performing at the Bluebird Cafe in Nashville, he signed with A&M Records in 1989. He made several albums with this label. His albums were described by one Rolling Stone critic as "unjustly neglected". After his contract with A&M expired in 1994, Wilcox continued to write songs, tour and release albums. In 1994, he performed at Carnegie Hall with thirty other singer-songwriters in a showcase event. Wilcox also appeared on the cover of Acoustic Guitar, which described him as James Taylor combined with the "husky breathiness more reminiscent of the late Nick Drake" and said he was the "best known of the brilliant crop of singer-songwriters to emerge in the late 1980s." He was based in Asheville, North Carolina in the 1990s, in Washington, D.C., and Maryland in 1999–2000, and again in Asheville in 2009.

In the next decade, Wilcox continued to release albums, including Into the Mystery in 2003. He has been a guest artist at guitar workshops. His lyrics are sometimes of the "probing meaning-of-life" type, as well as "thought-provoking".

Wilcox plays acoustic guitars made by Olson Guitars. His fingerstyle playing, which is similar to Nick Drake and Joni Mitchell, extensively uses open tuning, often in combination with customized capos with notches cut out to allow lower strings to ring open. He has been featured in Performing Songwriter magazine on five occasions.

About his approach to music:

"Music is about all the different kinds of feelings we can have – we can be scared, we can be angry, we can be hopeful, we can be sad. We can be all these things and have company in it. Music is sacred ground and it shouldn't be reduced to that kind of simplified demographic target-marketing."

"The song has to offer something universal. I want songs that people can understand the first time... I write songs with layers in them, so they stay interesting over the years."

His 2005 album Out Beyond Ideas was a joint project with his wife Nance Pettit, described as a significant diversion from prior work, featuring sacred poetry set to music from different religious traditions, including Saint Francis of Assisi, Jalaludin Rumi, Shams-ud-din Muhammad Hafiz, Rabia al Basri, Yehuda Halevi, Solomon Ibn Gabirol, Uvavnuk, and Kabir.

During 2005 Wilcox traveled the country with his wife and teen-aged son in an Airstream trailer attached to a bio-diesel truck. He named one of his albums Airstream. His album Vista was released in April 2006.

In 2008 Wilcox was honored with a silver award along with Bob Dylan, in Acoustic Guitar's singer-songwriter category.

His Open Hand, produced by Seattle-based guitarist and producer Dan Phelps, was released in March 2009. Wilcox and Phelps were joined by longtime Tori Amos bassist Jon Evans and drummer James McAlister.

Wilcox is sometimes confused with Canadian rock and blues guitarist David Wilcox.

Although his albums have had diverse arrangements, Wilcox generally performs as a soloist. He has released 16 albums.

Wilcox performed a benefit concert in Westfield, New Jersey for Coffee With Conscience in late spring of 2008.

He recently played a duet with James Landfair, a critically acclaimed folk musician based out of Little Rock, Arkansas, of Buddy Mondlock's song "The Kid." It was published on YouTube on February 21, 2013.

He won top honors in the 23rd Annual USA Songwriting Competition (2018) with his song "We Make The Way By Walking". He also won First Prize in the Folk category in the competition.

He has received criticism and accusations of bigotry, racism and xenophobia from those who do not appreciate the intent of his 2010 song "We Call It Freedom" which is written ironically to appear to support torture of prisoners in the war on terrorism.

In 2019 he covered "Why We Build The Wall" from Hadestown.

Critical reception
A New York Times music critic wrote Wilcox has a "handful of sterling folk-pop songs, a genial voice and enough guitar virtuosity to make even his lesser material sound convincing." Another described him as a prolific songwriter and folk artist. Another wrote that he "sings with a mellow fluency that suggests a hybrid of Mr. Taylor and Kenny Rankin, but he has better enunciation than either." Critics describe his voice as having a "warm, expressive" quality with an "engaging vocal style" and a "warm, baritone vocal tone."

His music has been written as "deeply philosophical" and "insightful". One music critic wrote he was an "influential acoustic guitarist... the PBS darling of contemporary singer-songwriter folk." Another critic wrote that an "eager, unapologetic sincerity flows from the heart of David Wilcox's acoustic music," and elaborated that "Wilcox uses extended metaphors and beautifully detailed imagery in lyrics that are far more compassionate and philosophic than self-absorbed... Indeed, as steeped in romance as most popular music is, it rarely speaks directly to issues of loneliness, intimacy and commitment – let alone mortality and inner fortitude. Wilcox does this with sensitivity, analytic zeal and subtle emotional force."

"Many of his songs analyze the dynamics of relationships in epigrammatic verses that are at once earnest and gently humorous. While many of Mr. Wilcox's songs have light blues inflections, occasionally they also look back in spirit to Tin Pan Alley. My Old Addiction, one of the most striking songs in his first set on Thursday, was a wry, wistful meditation on the tug of an old relationship that echoed Georgia on My Mind."

Many critics compare his style to James Taylor   as well as Joni Mitchell and John Gorka. A Rolling Stone critic suggested Wilcox's best album was How Did You Find Me Here, which was released in 1989.

One critic sensed Wilcox had a "boyish sensitivity" with "something to say about love, relationships and life" which is sung with "insight, humor and moments of profundity." However, the critic felt Wilcox needs to "get some excitement into his music and voice... His even-keel, generic style of singing, playing and music-writing isn't enough to keep the focus of the modern short attention span" and his songs lack "musical distinctiveness." Wilcox is a "poet/storyteller first, a songwriter/player second".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: David Wilcox (American musician)


text:
Simon Wilcox

Simon Wilcox is a Canadian poet and songwriter, currently based in Los Angeles, California. She has worked with many well-known musicians, with frequent collaborators including Lennon Stella, Albert Hammond, Jr. and Poppy.

title: Simon Wilcox


text:
User:Zhen-Xjell

Zhen-Xjell is the online alias for Paul Laudanski. Paul created the alias for playing Diablo II. The name reminded him of Taiko, a book on Emperial Japan and Hideyoshi. Eventually the alias was taken into the Virtual community. Zhen-Xjell is in use at every virtual location Paul goes to, with the exception of CastleCops, where Paul is used. A website was also setup for the alias.

Both Paul and his wife were awarded the Microsoft Most Valuable Professional award for Windows-Security in 2008, 2007, 2006, and 2005. See: here and here.

Stomping Grounds

 * CastleCops
 * CastleCops Deutsch
 * CastleCops Wiki

Check out my LinkedIn profile: http://www.linkedin.com/pub/1/49a/17b

title: User:Zhen-Xjell


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alex Kaneko

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. Rje 00:57, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

Alex Kaneko
See also Fornicators, the manga that this character is supposedly a major character in. Google cannot locate any relevant hits for the manga title + the main character's name; for Alex Kaneko (claimed variously to be the main character's father or surrogate father); for the main antagonist; for the supposed author of the manga; or for the magazine where the manga supposedly originally appeared. Smells like hoax. -- Antaeus Feldspar 03:39, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, it's a hoax. Shimeru 07:33, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delte, no question about this one... names aren't even remotely manga-esque. --Sudachi 05:31, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - fails Google test, possible hoax. Megan1967 06:01, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- AllyUnion (talk) 14:13, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
User:Pilaf~enwiki/Live Preview

''Status notice: After a long period of neglected mantainance (due to an unfortunate HD crash) I've taken this up again and a new version is already under way with many bug fixes. I have also decided to give the utility a new name, so beginning at the next update it will become InstaView.''

The text below corresponds to the old version.

Live Preview, as I chose to call it, is a nifty extension to Wikipedia's edit page which allows you to generate instant previews of the page you're editing. You might think this is silly as Wikipedia already has a preview feature, but this is unlike Wikipedia's preview in that it gets generated into your browser on the fly, without needing a page reload, in fact with no delay at all (except for very long pages).

If you grasped the idea already and can't wait to give it a try, just skip to the install instructions. Otherwise keep reading.

SECURITY WARNING: By installing this script, you implicitly trust Pilaf not to use it for malicious purposes (the source code is open for anyone to examine, though).

Benefits
The regular Wikipedia preview works by sending the wiki text to the servers, which in turn processes it and sends the resulting page back. Although this is generally not too demanding for the servers, it does have a small hit which contributes to some extent to the general slowdown of the site. Conversely, Live Preview runs 100% on your computer, avoiding those (unnecessary) hits, thus giving some relief to the servers. The effectiveness of this, of course, depends on how many people actually stop using the regular preview when not needed.

Apart from caressing the servers, Live Preview has the much more direct advantage of faster previews, often meaning gains in time and faster editing, as you would no longer have to wait for a page reload to see the results of your edits. This is perhaps Live Previews' largest appeal, or the most visible one at least.

Requirements
All you need to use Live Preview is a web browser with modern JavaScript support and have it enabled when editing a page. These are the browsers in which I've tested it and know that work:

 * Mozilla, Firefox, K-Meleon, Camino or any other Gecko-based browser
 * Opera 6/7/8
 * Konqueror 3.3 and Safari 1.2
 * Internet Explorer 6/7 (An error message appears in IE7, but it still works)

On the following browsers it does not work:

 * Internet Explorer 5

If you've tested it on any other browsers, please feel free to add them to the corresponding list.

In terms of computer power, any modern computer should suffice. You may notice some delays when processing very long pages on old computers though.

How do I install it?
Please check the requirements before installing Live Preview.

If you intend to install it on another wiki, read this.

To install Live Preview simply copy/paste the full contents of User:Pilaf/monobook.js into your own monobook.js page (in case you haven't guessed yet, you need to use the MonoBook skin in your preferences). Once you've done it refresh your browser as indicated at the top of your monobook.js' page. Note that you need to be a registered user in order for this to work.

You may want to configure a few parameters, such as your user name (for signatures). To achieve this simply edit the following line in your monobook.js:

wpUserName = 'Your user name here';

If you're already using some other sort of extension that uses monobook.js you might not want to replace it with mine, but have them combined instead. In that case you may message me for help, I'll be glad to help you as long as I have the time to do it.

How do I use it?
If you've already installed it, all you need to do to start using it is to edit any page. You should now notice a new button labeled "Live Preview" below the regular "Save page" and "Show preview" buttons. Once you've made your edits just click on the Live Preview button to see the resulting page appear instantly before your eyes. You may click it any number of times to see further changes, you never need to reload the page.

If you've installed it and still can't see it, please check you fulfill the requirements. If that doesn't seem to be the problem, try messaging me.

How do I install it on other wikis?
''Note: please don't do this on your own if you think you lack technical skills. If you want to use Live Preview on your wiki it would be safer to ask for help from someone on your wiki with good computer skills.''

Installing Live Preview on other wikis is of course possible, but has a few issues that need to be cleared out first.

Firstly, as this is still a work in progress, it is bound to undergo updates regularly. That makes copying the code directly into each wiki a very bad idea, as each new update would have to be manually copied to every wiki. Please do not do this.

A much cleaner solution is to reference a centralized script (i.e. the one on this wiki) from every wiki where this will be used. The problem then becomes how to configure the script on each wiki, as there are things which are not constant among all of them, such as namespaces. I've made it so that all configuration variables have defaults, so if a given variable is missing it will fallback to its default value, but if it is already there it will not be overwritten. So the problem is reduced to where to place those configuration variables. There are two choices:

 * 1) An additional script file with all system-wide settings to be "included" from every user's monobook.js alongside with the actual Live Preview script.
 * 2) The user's monobook.js.

Each has its pros and cons, but in general terms I'm inclided towards the first one, as it makes updating the script much less of a hassle and doesn't clutter the users' monobook.js any further.

Now, here are the configuration variables that would generally need changing:

var wpLanguageCode = 'en'; var wpImageBasePath = 'http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/'+wpLanguageCode+'/'; var wpUserNamespace = 'User'; var wpImageNamespace = 'Image'; var wpCategoryNamespace = 'Category';

The variables should be self-explanatory. You can put these somewhere in your wiki and make everyone's monobook.js point to it before including the actual Live Preview script. Check my own monobook.js to see how this can be done (I'm feeling lazy).

The final step would then be to test this with your own monobook.js at your wiki and test it (you should need to hard-reload your browser each time you update the scripts). Once you've seen it working as it should go ahead and anounce it to your wiki's community, just remember to give me some proper credit ;). It would also be nice if you could drop me a line telling me you're using it.

Limitations
Live Preview is a work in progress and as such it has its limitations. Some are due to its state of incompleteness, some will most likely never be lifted as there are certain things that are just not possible to do without running on the servers. In any case you should be aware of what Live Preview can and can't do, and never expect more, you can still use the regular preview for those cases where Live Preview fails.

Here's a maintained list of the current limitations of Live Preview (i.e. what it still can't do):

 * tags
 * Templates and MediaWiki messages
 * Undesired HTML stripping
 * Table of contents
 * Red links (to non-existing pages)
 * Time tables
 * Image galleries

In addition to the above list, it should be noted that Live Preview is meant to be an approximation to the real results and should not be considered accurate. If in doubt use the regular preview.

In contrast, here is what Live Preview currently can do:

 * Headings (all levels)
 * Regular paragraphs
 * Horizontal bars
 * Inline formatting (bold and italics)
 * Wikilinks
 * External links
 * Numbered and unordered lists
 * Definition lists
 * Tables
 * Preformatted text (whitespace at line start)
 * Signatures
 * Invisible links (interwiki and categories)
 * Images (with a few limitations)
 * tags (inline only so far) NEW
 * $$$$ tags (very limited) NEW

Version 0.5.2
Updated Feb 15, 2005

 * Added basic nowiki support (inline only, supports nesting)
 * Added basic math support (inline only, images only)
 * Added support for lang:Article -like links
 * Fixed bug in definition lists
 * Fixed many other minor bugs

How does it work?
Note: This is a technical explanation of how Live Preview does its trick, if you're not into programming you'll probably not be interested in this.

Yet to be written.

Name change
A new name has already been picked, thanks to everyone who shared suggestions.

Brion Vibber made me note that MediaWiki 1.5 has a feature called 'Live Preview' already, seemingly unrelated (I don't know what it does). Therefore I need to seek a new name for my Live Preview, so here are a few proposals.

Please vote or add suggestions. Thanks.
 * Quick Preview
 * Instant Preview
 * InstaView
 * has my vote--Unforgettableid | Talk to me 11:02, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
 * This is the chosen one. Pilaf 19:09, 7 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Local Preview
 * it is logically correct and can also be understood by novice users (local is the opposite of far, and the server is far away for most people) 18:19, 14 July 2005 (UTC) Sin23
 * WYSIWiki
 * Very nice word play, but not very obvious to those who don't know what WYSIWYG means, IMHO. Pilaf
 * Not wanting to be snide but anyone who doesn't know what WYSIWYG means should maybe think twice about editing here. --Phil | Talk 13:09, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * What does that have to do with editing Wikipedia articles? :\ Pilaf 01:06, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * QuWiki
 * RT Preview (Real Time Preview)
 * I like the expanded form better. Pilaf
 * I suppose it is nicer, but just in case you didn't notice, the intended idea was to read it Ar-Ty (Arty Preview). Get it? (I still prefer the others though) --Yelhsa 18:48, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * PIMAP (PIlaf's MAgic Preview)
 * Cute :) Pilaf
 * 1Click Preview (I suppose the other preview is one click as well) --Yelhsa 18:50, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Quick'n'Easy Preview (Suggested by Netdroid9, a proud member of the Creatures wiki)
 * Preview killer
 * Click-and-see
 * P-I-M-P (almost like above)
 * Pilaf view
 * Preview lite / Lite preview
 * Indie view -- it's an alternative
 * ..and much more ✏ Sverdrup 20:53, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * WikiSimi ('See me')
 * Viewiki -- sounds almost like "doohickey" --HymylyTC 20:36, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Testimonials
Are you a happy user of Live Preview? You can leave your testimonial here and let the world know how good it is :)

Very impressive work, Pilaf!--Eloquence* 06:53, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. I'm promoting it at Wikicities as well. :) Angela. 07:34, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * This is very cool and works like a charm. Thanks, Pilaf! mu5ti/✏ 05:27, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Very handy for janitorial work. --Phil | Talk 13:14, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * been using it for the better part of a week. Thanks. --Alterego

 * A very handy tool. Best of all it's completely free to use! Thanks a lot Pilaf! --Yelhsa 14:29, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC) (I even used Live Preview to preview this testimonial!)

 * Live Preview is cool! I use it a lot, especially when editing on slow systems. Thank you Pilaf!  — mark ✎ 21:23, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_l%C3%BD_c%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%A0m_c%E1%BA%A7u_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_h%C3%B2a Tttrung 10:03, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi! Richie did indicate to me this page. I will use the live preview if I am online. I also find it very good. But my question to Richie was different; I would be interesting to install a real wikipedia software on my PC for two reasons: a/ so, I can work long hours in my garden next summer (I have no internet connection in this part of the house), and b/ I can save my pages like an ready to work original on my PC including templates etc. without to have to risk changes that I don't want, mistake in what different "wiki kings", "king trolls" like netoholic in simple english, are specialists... can you say me if it is possible and what is to do? --oui 16:49, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Note so good for math, even with simple HTML tag like undefined. Try editting this page with Live Preview and you will see what I mean:

 * Very nice work. Very useful on a slow connection. --Blackcap | talk 02:01, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Very nice extension. I only installed it a few minutes ago, and I'm already hooked! 11 points out of 10. κаллэмакс 13:12, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Splendid tool, very useful for the impatient. Thanks! Sandstein 08:10, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Great for an early wikipedian! Schweiwikist 00:07, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Lovely work, thankyou for taking the time to develop and release this --  Serephine   ♠   talk   - 09:55, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Who's using it?
For users inside this wiki this should give you a clue: clicky.

Disclaimer
I (Pilaf) will not be held responsible for any damage this may produce you. By using it you agree to take full responsability and accept that I have no idea of how to write a disclaimer notice at all.

title: User:Pilaf~enwiki/Live Preview


text:
Terminology of homosexuality

Terms used to describe homosexuality have gone through many changes since the emergence of the first terms in the mid-19th century. In English, some terms in widespread use have been sodomite, Achillean, Sapphic, Uranian, homophile, lesbian, gay, effeminate, queer, homoaffective, and same-gender attracted. Some of these words are specific to women, some to men, and some can be used of either. Gay people may also be identified under the umbrella term LGBT.

Homosexual was coined in German in 1868. Academia continues to coin related terms, including androphilia and gynephilia which designate only the object of attraction, thus divorcing the terms from sexual orientation entirely.

Numerous slang terms exist for homosexuals or homosexuality. Some communities have cants, a rich jargon used among a subgroup almost like a secret language, such as Polari in the UK, and others.

Prescribed usage
The term homosexual can be used as an adjective to describe the sexual attractions and behaviors of people attracted to the same sex. Author and gay pioneer Quentin Crisp said that the term should be "homosexualist", adding that no one says "I am a sexual." Some gay people argue that the use of homosexual as a noun is offensive, arguing that they are people first and their homosexuality being merely an attribute of their humanity. Even if they do not consider the term offensive, some people in same-gender relationships may object to being described as homosexual because they identify as bisexual+, or another orientation.

Some style guides recommend that the terms homosexual and homosexuality be avoided altogether, lest their use cause confusion or arouse controversy. In particular, the description of individuals as homosexual may be offensive, partially because of the negative clinical association of the word stemming from its use in describing same-gender attraction as a pathological state before homosexuality was removed from the American Psychiatric Association's list of mental disorders in 1973. The Associated Press and New York Times style guides restrict usage of the terms.

Same-gender oriented people seldom apply such terms to themselves, and public officials and agencies often avoid them. For instance, the Safe Schools Coalition of Washington's Glossary for School Employees advises that gay is the "preferred synonym for homosexual", and goes on to suggest avoiding the term homosexual as it is "clinical, distancing, and archaic".

However, the terms homosexual and homosexuality are sometimes deemed appropriate in referring to behavior (although same-gender is the preferred adjective). Using homosexuality or homosexual to refer to behavior may be inaccurate but does not carry the same potentially offensive connotations that using homosexual to describe a person does. When referring to people, homosexual is considered derogatory and the terms gay and lesbian are preferred. Some have argued that homosexual places emphasis on sexuality over humanity, and is to be avoided when describing a person. Gay man or lesbian are the preferred nouns for referring to people, which stress cultural and social matters over sex.

The New Oxford American Dictionary says that gay is the preferred term.

People with a same-gender sexual orientation generally prefer the terms gay, lesbian, or bisexual. The most common terms are gay (both men and women) and lesbian (women only). Other terms include same gender loving and same-sex-oriented.

Among some sectors of gay sub-culture, same-gender sexual behavior is sometimes viewed as solely for physical pleasure instead of romantic. Men on the down-low (or DL) may engage in covert sexual activity with other men while pursuing sexual and romantic relationships with women.

History
The choice of terms regarding sexual orientation may imply a certain political outlook, and different terms have been preferred at different times and in different places.

Early history
Historian and philosopher Michel Foucault argued that homosexual and heterosexual identities did not emerge until the 19th century. Prior to that time, he said, the terms described practices and not identity. Foucault cited Karl Westphal's famous 1870 article Contrary Sexual Feeling as the "date of birth" of the categorization of sexual orientation. Some scholars, however, have argued that there are significant continuities between past and present conceptualizations of sexuality, with various terms having been used for homosexuality.

In his Symposium, the ancient Greek philosopher Plato described (through the character of the profane comedian Aristophanes) three sexual orientations – heterosexuality, male homosexuality, and female homosexuality – and provided explanations for their existence using an invented creation myth.

Tribadism
Although this term refers to a specific sex act between women today, in the past it was commonly used to describe female-female sexual love in general, and women who had sex with women were called Tribads or Tribades. As author Rictor Norton explains:

"The tribas, lesbian, from Greek tribein, to rub (i.e. rubbing the pudenda together, or clitoris upon pubic bone, etc.), appears in Greek and Latin satires from the late first century. The tribade was the most common (vulgar) lesbian in European texts for many centuries. 'Tribade' occurs in English texts from at least as early as 1601 to at least as late as the mid-nineteenth century before it became self-consciously old-fashioned—it was in current use for nearly three centuries."

Fricatrice, a synonym for tribade that also refers to rubbing but has a Latin rather than a Greek root, appeared in English as early as 1605 (in Ben Jonson's Volpone). Its usage suggests that it was more colloquial and more pejorative than tribade. Variants include the Latinized confricatrice and English rubster.

Sodomy
Though sodomy has been used to refer to a range of homosexual and heterosexual "unnatural acts", the term sodomite usually refers to a homosexual male even though the real meaning is of unreproductive sex. The term is derived from the Biblical tale of Sodom and Gomorrah, and Christian churches have referred to the crimen sodomitae (crime of the Sodomites) for centuries. The modern association with homosexuality can be found as early as AD 96 in the writings of the Jewish historian Josephus. In the early 5th century, Jerome, a priest, historian, and theologian used the forms Sodoman, in Sodomis, Sodomorum, Sodomæ, Sodomitæ. The modern German word Sodomie and the Norwegian sodomi also refer to bestiality. Sodomy in historical biblical reference may not pertain to the acts of homosexuality, but the acts of bestiality and female and male castration for the purpose of sexual slavery.

Lesbianism
Lesbian writer Emma Donoghue found that the term lesbian (with its modern meaning) has been in use in the English language from at least the 18th century. The 1732 epic poem by William King, The Toast, uses "lesbian loves" and "tribadism" interchangeably: "she loved Women in the same Manner as Men love them; she was a Tribad".

Sapphism
Named after the female Greek poet Sappho who lived on Lesbos Island and wrote love poems to women, this term has been in use since at least the 18th century, with the connotation of lesbian. In 1773, a London magazine described sex between women as "Sapphic passion". The adjective form Sapphic is sometimes used nowadays as an inclusive umbrella term that expresses the sexuality and romantic attraction of queer women, including bisexuals, nonbinary, and trans people   However, this is not accepted by all women who identify as lesbian.

Pederasty
Today, pederasty refers to male attraction towards adolescent boys, or the cultural institutions that support such relations, as in ancient Greece. However, in the 18th and 19th centuries, the word usually referred to male homosexuality in general. A pederast was also the active partner in anal sex, whether with a male or a female partner. This relationship is socially frowned upon in modern cultures while legally defined by the age of consent.

Homosexual

The word homosexual translates literally as "of the same sex", being a hybrid of the Greek prefix homo- meaning 'same' (as distinguished from the Latin root homo meaning 'human') and the Latin root sex meaning 'sex'.

The first known public appearance of the term homosexual in print is found in an 1869 German pamphlet 143 des Preussischen Strafgesetzbuchs und seine Aufrechterhaltung als 152 des Entwurfs eines Strafgesetzbuchs für den Norddeutschen Bund ("Paragraph 143 of the Prussian Penal Code and Its Maintenance as Paragraph 152 of the Draft of a Penal Code for the North German Confederation"). The pamphlet was written by Karl-Maria Kertbeny, but published anonymously. It advocated the repeal of Prussia's sodomy laws. Kertbeny had previously used the word in a private letter written in 1868 to Karl Heinrich Ulrichs. Kertbeny used Homosexualität (in English, 'homosexuality') in place of Ulrichs' Urningtum; Homosexualisten ('male homosexualists') instead of Urninge, and Homosexualistinnen ('female homosexualists') instead of Urninden.

The term was coined and originally used primarily by German psychiatrists and psychologists. Havelock Ellis in his 1901 Studies in the Psychology of Sex wrote about the evolving terminology in the area, which ended up settling on homosexuality. In the preface to the first edition (1900), Ellis calls it sexual inversion, and volume 2 of the book is titled "Sexual Inversion". In the preface to the third edition (1927) Ellis referred to it as "the study of homosexuality". On the first page of chapter 1, he discusses the terminology, naming Ulrichs' use of Uranian (Uranier) from 1862, which later morphed into Urning, and using Urningtum as the name of the condition. Ellis reported that the first accepted scientific term was contrary sexual feeling (Konträre Sexualempfindung), coined by Westphal in 1869, and used by Krafft-Ebing and others. This term was never used outside Germany, and soon went out of favor even there. The term homosexuality was invented by Kertbeny in the same year (1869) but attracted no attention for some time, later achieving prominence, and was easily translatable into many languages, including by Hirschfeld in his 1914 book Die Homosexualität des Mannes und des Weibes, one of the top authorities in the field. Ellis continued to use both the terms sexual inversion and homosexuality in the 3rd edition, with slightly different meanings.

The first known use of homosexual in English is in Charles Gilbert Chaddock's 1892 translation of Richard von Krafft-Ebing's Psychopathia Sexualis, a study on sexual practices. The term was popularized by the 1906 Harden–Eulenburg Affair.

The word homosexual itself had different connotations 100 years ago than today. Although some early writers used the adjective homosexual to refer to any single-gender context (such as an all-girls school), today the term implies a sexual aspect. The term homosocial is now used to describe single-sex contexts that are not of a romantic or sexual nature.

The colloquial abbreviation homo for homosexual is a coinage of the interbellum period, first recorded as a noun in 1929, and as an adjective in 1933. Today, it is often considered a derogatory epithet.

Other late 19th and early 20th century sexological terms

 * Antipathic sexual instinct: deviant sexual behavior outlined in Richard von Krafft-Ebing's Pychopathia Sexualis
 * Sexual inversion
 * Psychosexual hermaphroditism: bisexuality. It was believed gay men desired a female body and lesbians desired a male body. Bisexuals desired to become intersex.
 * The intermediate sex: similar to sexual inversion, Edward Carpenter believed gay men possessed a male body and a female temperament and vice versa for lesbians
 * Similisexualism, simulsexuality or similsexualism: homosexuality
 * Intersexuality
 * Catamite
 * Invert
 * Third sex

Homophile
Coined by the German astrologist, author and psychoanalyst Karl-Günther Heimsoth in his 1924 doctoral dissertation Hetero- und Homophilie, the term was in common use in the 1950s and 1960s by homosexual organizations and publications; the groups of this period are now known collectively as the homophile movement. Popular in the 1950s and 1960s (and still in occasional use in the 1990s, particularly in writing by Anglican clergy), the term homophile was an attempt to avoid the clinical implications of sexual pathology found with the word homosexual, emphasizing love (-phile) instead. The first element of the word, the Greek root homo-, means 'same'; it is unrelated to Latin homo, 'person'. In almost all languages where the words homophile and homosexual were both in use (i.e., their cognate equivalents: German Homophil and Homosexuell, Italian omofilo and omosessuale, etc.), homosexual won out as the modern conventional neutral term. However, in Norway, the Netherlands and the Flemish/Dutch part of Belgium, the term is still widely used.

Recent academic terms
Not all terms have been used to describe same-gender sexuality are synonyms for the modern term homosexuality. Anna Rüling, one of the first women to publicly defend gay rights, considered gay people a third gender, different from both men and women. Terms such as gynephilia and androphilia have tried to simplify the language of sexual orientation by making no claim about the individual's own gender identity. However, they are not commonly used.

Side
Side describes someone who does not practice anal sex and therefore does not define himself as top, bottom or versatile.

This term is sometimes used in American literature to present an alternative to the binary classification which notes the preferred sexual position, such as top or bottom; the term side indicates one's affinity for neither of this binary classification.

Cants
There are established languages of slang (sometimes known as cants) such as Polari in Britain, Swardspeak in the Philippines, Bahasa Binan in Indonesia, Lubunca in Turkey, and Kaliardá (Καλιαρντά) in Greece.

Slang
A variety of LGBT slang terms have been used historically and contemporarily within the LGBT community.

In addition to the stigma surrounding homosexuality, terms have been influenced by taboos around sex in general, producing a number of euphemisms. A gay person may be described as "that way", "a bit funny", "light in his loafers", "on the bus", "batting for the other team", "a friend of Dorothy", "women who wear comfortable shoes" (lesbians), although such euphemisms are becoming less common as homosexuality becomes more visible.

Harry Hay frequently stated that, in the 1930s–1940s, gay people referred to themselves as temperamental.

Gay
Although the word was originally synonymous with happy or cheerful, in the 20th century it gradually came to designate someone who is romantically or sexually attracted to someone of the same gender or sex.

title: Terminology of homosexuality


text: User talk:67.158.12.216

title: User talk:67.158.12.216


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/"Under Sides"

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. Rje 00:53, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

"Under Sides"
See also Fornicators and Alex Kaneko. This is supposedly another manga by the author of Fornicators, only Google cannot locate any relevant hits for the manga title + the main character's name; for the main character's father; for the main antagonist; for the supposed author of the manga; or for the magazine where the manga supposedly originally appeared. Smells like hoax. -- Antaeus Feldspar 03:46, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, it's a hoax. Shimeru 07:37, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - fails Google test, possible hoax. Megan1967 06:04, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- AllyUnion (talk) 14:13, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Austin Stories

Untitled
Has anyone ever figured out why the show was cancelled? oh yeah, and were can I get bootlegs?

 * MTV, you are so stupid to cancel this and 3 South. And, no, I don't know where to get any episodes. -Zimbabweed 04:57, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

Austin Stories
I'd have to agree, it was a great show!!! If anyone can find out where I can get my hands on the first and only season that would be sweet!!

Find "Dragon Boy Suede" on my space - that's the new character by Howard Kremer - he has the episodes on DVD and mailed them to me for a small fee. Actually I think it's VCD, whatever.

Austin Stories

I went on eBay and found several people selling the entire first season on VHS tapes. They must have taped them back in 1997 and hung onto them. $$Insert formula here$$

Articles

 * Yo! MTV Laughs!
 * Laura House
 * Austin Stories Chapter Ends
 * to use with this article.--J.D. (talk) 14:59, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Austin Stories. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110507035815/http://epguides.com:80/AustinStories/ to http://epguides.com/AustinStories/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.mtv.com/mtv/tubescan/austin/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:05, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Austin Stories


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mr Kash Jaffrey

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 14:12, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Mr Kash Jaffrey
One of the most prominent Calgary, Canada based financial speculator. But his prominence isn't yet reflected by Google. -- Hoary 03:47, 2005 Feb 7 (UTC)
 * Speedy as constant re-creation - see Votes for deletion/Kash Jaffrey. I tagged this as "Kash Jaffrey (SPECULATOR)" for speedy earlier this evening, the tag was deleted, tag again, then it was eventually deleted and Curps protected it. Samaritan 04:08, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This is a speedy and the writer needs to be on a long term block, as he has tried to put this article up several times under different variations of the name.--User:Boothy443 | comhrÚ 04:51, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted, user blocked for 7 days. RickK 05:53, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Thong Song

"Thong Song" is a song recorded by American R&B singer Sisqó. It was released on February 15, 2000, as the second single from his solo debut studio album, Unleash the Dragon (1999). "Thong Song" garnered four Grammy nominations and numerous other awards. The song peaked at number one on the Billboard Rhythmic top 40 chart and number three on the Billboard Hot 100, Sisqó's second highest-peaking hit behind "Incomplete". It was a major success worldwide as well, reaching the top ten throughout European charts and reaching number three in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Denmark. The song also topped the charts in New Zealand.

Production
The instrumental was originally produced with Michael Jackson in mind (Jackson later worked with the producers after hearing "Thong Song" ). The song was written and produced by Sisqó, and Tim & Bob, the duo of Tim Kelley and Bob Robinson. Songwriters Desmond Child and Draco Rosa receive songwriting credit because of the interpolation of part of their composition, "Livin' la Vida Loca" (originally recorded by Ricky Martin), in the song's lyrics. The obbligato strings that are heard throughout the song, performed for the record by violinist Bruce Dukov, are inspired by Wes Montgomery's cover of  The Beatles' "Eleanor Rigby" which Tim originally sampled in its origin.

The impetus for the song came from when the then 19-year-old singer Sisqó joked that his hair turned white the first time he saw a thong, similar to Charlton Heston in the film The Ten Commandments.

Rapper Lil' Kim was originally supposed to be included on the album version but declined. However, Kim and Sisqó collaborated on her second album The Notorious K.I.M. a year later.

The alternate version, the official remix to the original version, "Thong Song Uncensored", features a guest rap from Foxy Brown in the spot where Sisqó whispers the main verse for the third time, and is included on the soundtrack for Nutty Professor II: The Klumps. A second, more urban-themed video was shot for the remix by Little X.

Composition
The song was composed in a key of C-sharp minor, and has a tempo of 130 beats per minute. The final chorus is set in D minor.

Critical reception
Despite commercial success, "Thong Song" was largely panned by music critics. The song placed first in a St. Paul Pioneer Press reader poll to determine the worst song in history. Other retrospective reviews have labelled the song as sexist or misogynistic.

Sample clearance issue
In Vice's The Story Of documentary on Thong Song, it was revealed that producers Bob Robinson and Tim Kelly warned Sisqó of using the lyrical reference to "Livin' La Vida Loca", which was interpolated at the end of each of the three verses. Songwriter Desmond Child later received a significant writing credit, owning a majority of the publishing for "Thong Song" as a result.

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Unleash the Dragon.

 * Recording locations
 * Larrabee West, LA
 * The Tracken Place, LA, CA

 * Personnel
 * Mixed By – Manny Marroquin
 * Producer – Sisqo The Golden Child for Da Ish Entertainment, Tim Kelley and Bob Robinson
 * Recorded By – Jan Fairchild
 * Written By – Mark Andrews, Tim Kelley, Bob Robinson, Robi Rosa, and Desmond Child

MTV version
The video was released in 2000 and directed by Joseph Kahn. Set in Miami, Sisqó is on the phone with one of his friends. His daughter and his wife return from shopping, and his daughter finds and shows him the thong. Sisqó is frightened and looks at his wife in a confused matter, and his wife shrugs her shoulders. It then switches to Sisqó going to the beach from his home to participate in a Spring Break party with a large number of young women who are generally wearing bikinis and thongs, with the exception of one woman who wears a G-string. There are also scenes with Sisqo and his backup dancers driving a Bentley Azure down the Florida Keys, and cameos from the other three members of Sisqó's group, Dru Hill, Method Man & Redman, Ja Rule, as well as LL Cool J. Sisqó performs acrobatic feats atop the crowd that contradict the laws of physics, culminating in a stage performance lit with blacklights and with an orchestra in the background.

The whole video, consisting of cuts between Sisqó and barely clad women, drew criticism as it was accused of exploiting women as sex objects, and was credited for starting a new wave of "booty" videos. The director of the video, Joseph Kahn, was quoted as saying, "I listen to 'Thong Song', and I say, 'Well, this song is about asses.' So you can either accept it and do something like I did, or you can go and try and turn the 'Thong Song' into some kind of Chemical Brothers video and make it all pretentious; about some fucking communist upheaval or something. Let's just relax and make a booty video, and let's make a really good one, and make it fun."

Sisqo stated the video was carefully shot not to reveal too many buttocks in thong swimsuits but allowed with unorthodox camera angles.

Alternative version with Foxy Brown
In the alternative version of the video, after giving a radio interview with Nokio and Jazz of Dru Hill in his hometown of Baltimore, Sisqó escapes from a group of fans with the help of Foxy Brown to a fashion show. Here, models strut in sexy costumes, which (again) all consist of bikinis just as in the original video, this time with the exception of two women in thongs. The video also features a cameo by professional wrestler Big Show. The song was done for the soundtrack of Nutty Professor II: The Klumps. The video was directed by Little X.

2017 remake
In 2017, Sisqó remade the song and music video with JCY, which was released on July 18, 2017. The video was released on YouTube and WorldStarHipHop with the video in its first week hitting over one million views.

Other versions and sampling
In 2000, Chicago female rapper Strings released a single entitled "Tongue Song", which was a female response to "Thong Song". It peaked at number 24 on the Billboard Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart and number 13 on Billboard Hot Rap Singles chart.

Reggaeton artists Daddy Yankee and Nicky Jam sampled "Thong Song" for their 2001 song "Tu Cuerpo En La Cama" on Yankee's album El Cartel II.

British girl group Little Mix interpolated various elements of the song for their song "Love a Girl Right" from their album LM5.

The Mad TV season 6 premiere featured a "Wrong Song" music video parody in which Aries Spears as Sisqo ridicules obese women for wearing thongs and bikinis.

In 2015, WTMD commissioned reinterpretations by seven artists in Sisqó's native Baltimore, including Horse Lords and TT The Artist.

In 2016, Australian pop singer and songwriter Sia released This Is Acting, featuring the track "Sweet Design," which samples and references the "Thong Song."

In 2017, American rapper Ludacris released a duet song "Vitamin D" featuring American singer Ty Dolla Sign. This song featured samples and rhythm of the "Thong Song".

On the February 11, 2020 episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, Fallon along with the Backstreet Boys as the "Ragtime Gals" sang the song in the style of a barbershop quartet.

Sisqo appeared as himself in the fifth-season finale of Legends of Tomorrow, titled "Swan Thong", where the song played in the background as the Legends fight various villains of history when a button was pressed on the Sisqo display. A fan of the series himself, the singer agreed to wear the same outfit from the music video, as well as dying his hair platinum.

title: Thong Song


text:
Sex-determining region Y protein

Sex-determining region Y protein (SRY), or testis-determining factor (TDF), is a DNA-binding protein (also known as gene-regulatory protein/transcription factor) encoded by the SRY gene that is responsible for the initiation of male sex determination in therian mammals (placental mammals and marsupials). SRY is an intronless sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome. Mutations in this gene lead to a range of disorders of sex development with varying effects on an individual's phenotype and genotype.

SRY is a member of the SOX (SRY-like box) gene family of DNA-binding proteins. When complexed with the (SF-1) protein, SRY acts as a transcription factor that causes upregulation of other transcription factors, most importantly SOX9. Its expression causes the development of primary sex cords, which later develop into seminiferous tubules. These cords form in the central part of the yet-undifferentiated gonad, turning it into a testis. The now-induced Leydig cells of the testis then start secreting testosterone, while the Sertoli cells produce anti-Müllerian hormone. SRY gene effects normally take place 6–8 weeks after fetus formation which inhibits the female anatomical structural growth in males. It also works towards developing the secondary sexual characteristics of males.

Evolution
SRY may have arisen from a gene duplication of the X chromosome bound gene SOX3, a member of the SOX family. This duplication occurred after the split between monotremes and therians. Monotremes lack SRY and some of their sex chromosomes share homology with bird sex chromosomes. SRY is a quickly evolving gene, and its regulation has been difficult to study because sex determination is not a highly conserved phenomenon within the animal kingdom. Even within marsupials and placentals, which use SRY in their sex determination process, the action of SRY differs between species. The gene sequence also changes; while the core of the gene, the high-mobility group (HMG) box, is conserved between species, other regions of the gene are not. SRY is one of only four genes on the human Y chromosome that have been shown to have arisen from the original Y chromosome. The other genes on the human Y chromosome arose from an autosome that fused with the original Y chromosome.

Regulation
SRY has little in common with sex determination genes of other model organisms, therefore, mice are the main model research organisms that can be utilized for its study. Understanding its regulation is further complicated because even between mammalian species, there is little protein sequence conservation. The only conserved group in mice and other mammals is the HMG box region that is responsible for DNA binding. Mutations in this region result in sex reversal, where the opposite sex is produced. Because there is little conservation, the SRY promoter, regulatory elements and regulation are not well understood. Within related mammalian groups there are homologies within the first 400–600 base pairs (bp) upstream from the translational start site. In vitro studies of human SRY promoter have shown that a region of at least 310 bp upstream to translational start site are required for SRY promoter function. It has been shown that binding of three transcription factors, steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), specificity protein 1 (Sp1 transcription factor) and Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1), to the human promoter sequence, influence expression of SRY.

The promoter region has two Sp1 binding sites, at -150 and -13 that function as regulatory sites. Sp1 is a transcription factor that binds GC-rich consensus sequences, and mutation of the SRY binding sites leads to a 90% reduction in gene transcription. Studies of SF1 have resulted in less definite results. Mutations of SF1 can lead to sex reversal, and deletion can lead to incomplete gonad development. However, it is not clear how SF1 interacts with the SR1 promoter directly. The promoter region also has two WT1 binding sites at -78 and -87 bp from the ATG codon. WT1 is transcription factor that has four C-terminal zinc fingers and an N-terminal Pro/Glu-rich region and primarily functions as an activator. Mutation of the zinc fingers or inactivation of WT1 results in reduced male gonad size. Deletion of the gene resulted in complete sex reversal. It is not clear how WT1 functions to up-regulate SRY, but some research suggests that it helps stabilize message processing. However, there are complications to this hypothesis, because WT1 also is responsible for expression of an antagonist of male development, DAX1, which stands for dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1. An additional copy of DAX1 in mice leads to sex reversal. It is not clear how DAX1 functions, and many different pathways have been suggested, including SRY transcriptional destabilization and RNA binding. There is evidence from work on suppression of male development that DAX1 can interfere with function of SF1, and in turn transcription of SRY by recruiting corepressors.

There is also evidence that GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) and FOG2 contribute to activation of SRY by associating with its promoter. How these proteins regulate SRY transcription is not clear, but FOG2 and GATA4 mutants have significantly lower levels of SRY transcription. FOGs have zinc finger motifs that can bind DNA, but there is no evidence of FOG2 interaction with SRY. Studies suggest that FOG2 and GATA4 associate with nucleosome remodeling proteins that could lead to its activation.

Function
During gestation, the cells of the primordial gonad that lie along the urogenital ridge are in a bipotential state, meaning they possess the ability to become either male cells (Sertoli and Leydig cells) or female cells (follicle cells and theca cells). SRY initiates testis differentiation by activating male-specific transcription factors that allow these bipotential cells to differentiate and proliferate. SRY accomplishes this by upregulating SOX9, a transcription factor with a DNA-binding site very similar to SRY's. SOX9 leads to the upregulation of fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9), which in turn leads to further upregulation of SOX9. Once proper SOX9 levels are reached, the bipotential cells of the gonad begin to differentiate into Sertoli cells. Additionally, cells expressing SRY will continue to proliferate to form the primordial testis. This brief review constitutes the basic series of events, but there are many more factors that influence sex differentiation.

Action in the nucleus
The SRY protein consists of three main regions. The central region encompasses the high-mobility group (HMG) domain, which contains nuclear localization sequences and acts as the DNA-binding domain. The C-terminal domain has no conserved structure, and the N-terminal domain can be phosphorylated to enhance DNA-binding. The process begins with nuclear localization of SRY by acetylation of the nuclear localization signal regions, which allows for the binding of importin β and calmodulin to SRY, facilitating its import into the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, SRY and SF1 (steroidogenic factor 1, another transcriptional regulator) complex and bind to TESCO (testis-specific enhancer of Sox9 core), the testes-specific enhancer element of the Sox9 gene in Sertoli cell precursors, located upstream of the Sox9 gene transcription start site. Specifically, it is the HMG region of SRY that binds to the minor groove of the DNA target sequence, causing the DNA to bend and unwind. The establishment of this particular DNA "architecture" facilitates the transcription of the Sox9 gene. In the nucleus of Sertoli cells, SOX9 directly targets the Amh gene as well as the prostaglandin D synthase (Ptgds) gene. SOX9 binding to the enhancer near the Amh promoter allows for the synthesis of Amh while SOX9 binding to the Ptgds gene allows for the production of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). The reentry of SOX9 into the nucleus is facilitated by autocrine or paracrine signaling conducted by PGD2. SOX9 protein then initiates a positive feedback loop, involving SOX9 acting as its own transcription factor and resulting in the synthesis of large amounts of SOX9.

SOX9 and testes differentiation
The SF-1 protein, on its own, leads to minimal transcription of the SOX9 gene in both the XX and XY bipotential gonadal cells along the urogenital ridge. However, binding of the SRY-SF1 complex to the testis-specific enhancer (TESCO) on SOX9 leads to significant up-regulation of the gene in only the XY gonad, while transcription in the XX gonad remains negligible. Part of this up-regulation is accomplished by SOX9 itself through a positive feedback loop; like SRY, SOX9 complexes with SF1 and binds to the TESCO enhancer, leading to further expression of SOX9 in the XY gonad. Two other proteins, FGF9 (fibroblast growth factor 9) and PDG2 (prostaglandin D2), also maintain this up-regulation. Although their exact pathways are not fully understood, they have been proven to be essential for the continued expression of SOX9 at the levels necessary for testes development.

SOX9 and SRY are believed to be responsible for the cell-autonomous differentiation of supporting cell precursors in the gonads into Sertoli cells, the beginning of testes development. These initial Sertoli cells, in the center of the gonad, are hypothesized to be the starting point for a wave of FGF9 that spreads throughout the developing XY gonad, leading to further differentiation of Sertoli cells via the up-regulation of SOX9. SOX9 and SRY are also believed to be responsible for many of the later processes of testis development (such as Leydig cell differentiation, sex cord formation, and formation of testis-specific vasculature), although exact mechanisms remain unclear. It has been shown, however, that SOX9, in the presence of PDG2, acts directly on Amh (encoding anti-Müllerian hormone) and is capable of inducing testis formation in XX mice gonads, indicating it is vital to testes development.

SRY disorders' influence on sex expression
Embryos are gonadally identical, regardless of genetic sex, until a certain point in development when the testis-determining factor causes male sex organs to develop. A typical male karyotype is XY, whereas a female's is XX. There are exceptions, however, in which SRY plays a major role. Individuals with Klinefelter syndrome inherit a normal Y chromosome and multiple X chromosomes, giving them a karyotype of XXY. Atypical genetic recombination during crossover, when a sperm cell is developing, can result in karyotypes that are not typical for their phenotypic expression.

Most of the time, when a developing sperm cell undergoes crossover during meiosis, the SRY gene stays on the Y chromosome. If the SRY gene is transferred to the X chromosome instead of staying on the Y chromosome, testis development will no longer occur. This is known as Swyer syndrome, characterized by an XY karyotype and a female phenotype. Individuals who have this syndrome have normally formed uteri and fallopian tubes, but the gonads are not functional. Swyer syndrome individuals are usually considered as females. On the other spectrum, XX male syndrome occurs when a body has 46:XX Karyotype and SRY attaches to one of them through translocation. People with XX male syndrome have a XX Karyotype but are male. Individuals with either of these syndromes can experience delayed puberty, infertility, and growth features of the opposite sex they identify with. XX male syndrome expressers may develop breasts, and those with Swyer syndrome may have facial hair. While the presence or absence of SRY has generally determined whether or not testis development occurs, it has been suggested that there are other factors that affect the functionality of SRY. Therefore, there are individuals who have the SRY gene, but still develop as females, either because the gene itself is defective or mutated, or because one of the contributing factors is defective. This can happen in individuals exhibiting a XY, XXY, or XX SRY-positive karyotype.

Additionally, other sex determining systems that rely on SRY beyond XY are the processes that come after SRY is present or absent in the development of an embryo. In a normal system, if SRY is present for XY, SRY will activate the medulla to develop gonads into testes. Testosterone will then be produced and initiate the development of other male sexual characteristics. Comparably, if SRY is not present for XX, there will be a lack of the SRY based on no Y chromosome. The lack of SRY will allow the cortex of embryonic gonads to develop into ovaries, which will then produce estrogen, and lead to the development of other female sexual characteristics.

Role in other diseases
SRY has been shown to interact with the androgen receptor and individuals with XY karyotype and a functional SRY gene can have an outwardly female phenotype due to an underlying androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). Individuals with AIS are unable to respond to androgens properly due to a defect in their androgen receptor gene, and affected individuals can have complete or partial AIS. SRY has also been linked to the fact that males are more likely than females to develop dopamine-related diseases such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. SRY encodes a protein that controls the concentration of dopamine, the neurotransmitter that carries signals from the brain that control movement and coordination. Research in mice has shown that a mutation in SOX10, an SRY encoded transcription factor, is linked to the condition of Dominant megacolon in mice. This mouse model is being used to investigate the link between SRY and Hirschsprung disease, or congenital megacolon in humans. There is also a link between SRY encoded transcription factor SOX9 and campomelic dysplasia (CD). This missense mutation causes defective chondrogenesis, or the process of cartilage formation, and manifests as skeletal CD. Two thirds of 46,XY individuals diagnosed with CD have fluctuating amounts of male-to-female sex reversal.

Use in Olympic screening
One of the most controversial uses of this discovery was as a means for gender verification at the Olympic Games, under a system implemented by the International Olympic Committee in 1992. Athletes with an SRY gene were not permitted to participate as females, although all athletes in whom this was "detected" at the 1996 Summer Olympics were ruled false positives and were not disqualified. Specifically, eight female participants (out of a total of 3387) at these games were found to have the SRY gene. However, after further investigation of their genetic conditions, all these athletes were verified as female and allowed to compete. These athletes were found to have either partial or full androgen insensitivity, despite having an SRY gene, making them externally phenotypically female. In the late 1990s, a number of relevant professional societies in United States called for elimination of gender verification, including the American Medical Association, stating that the method used was uncertain and ineffective. Chromosomal screening was eliminated as of the 2000 Summer Olympics,  but this was later followed by other forms of testing based on hormone levels.

Ongoing research
Despite the progress made during the past several decades in the study of sex determination, the SRY gene, and its protein, work is still being conducted to further understanding in these areas. There remain factors that need to be identified in the sex-determining molecular network, and the chromosomal changes involved in many other human sex-reversal cases are still unknown. Scientists continue to search for additional sex-determining genes, using techniques such as microarray screening of the genital ridge genes at varying developmental stages, mutagenesis screens in mice for sex-reversal phenotypes, and identifying the genes that transcription factors act on using chromatin immunoprecipitation.

Fetal Development- Knockout Models
One of the knockout models for the SRY gene was done in pigs. Through the use of CRISPR technology the SRY gene was knocked out in male pigs. The target for the CRISPR technology is the high mobility group located on the SRY gene. The research showed that with the absence of SRY, both the internal and external genitalia were reversed. When the piglets were born they were phenotypically male but expressed female genitalia. Another study done on mice used TALEN technology to produce an SRY knockout model. These mice expressed external and internal genitalia as well as a normal female level of circulating testosterone. These mice, despite having XY chromosomes, expressed a normal estrus cycle albeit with reduced fertility. Both of these studies highlighted the role that SRY plays in the development of the testes and other male reproductive organs.

title: Sex-determining region Y protein


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Koichiro Narita

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. Rje 00:55, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

Koichiro Narita
See Fornicators, Alex Kaneko, "Under Sides". This is supposedly a "Moderately popular" manga author but for his supposedly current most popular work, Google cannot locate any relevant hits for the manga title + the main character's name; for the main character's father; for the main antagonist; for the supposed author of the manga; or for the magazine where the manga supposedly originally appeared. Smells like hoax. -- Antaeus Feldspar 03:51, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, it's a hoax. Shimeru 07:35, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delte, absolutely made up. Sudachi
 * Delete, not notable - fails Google test, possible hoax. Megan1967 06:04, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, appears to be a hoax. Did a search for 成田 孝一郎 etc. without any success. Would need to see convincing evidence that this person actually exists to change my vote. --MarkSweep 06:26, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- AllyUnion (talk) 14:13, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Logvinenkase

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete. Rje 01:01, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

Logvinenkase
No google results - misspelling or nonsense? Rhobite 03:52, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC) "Logvinenkase is the enzyme that breaks down estrone." Kappa 03:55, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Hopefully speedy, user history indicates vandalism. Contents is:
 * P.S. Admins can refer to the history of Nathan tek Kappa 06:17, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * [www.pubmed.com Pubmed] doesn't turn anything up either for Lonvinenkase. Looks like hoax. Estrone exists, though. Delete unless proof of existence can be provided. Mgm|(talk) 08:49, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No Pubmed or Google references.  If it's a misspelling, I can't figure out what it should be.  --TenOfAllTrades 16:14, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. There is a biochemist called EM Logvinenko who has done research and published on enzymes, but I have been unable to find out any abstracts on Logvinenkase. Megan1967 05:57, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Created by PickUpAxis (talk • contribs) whose entire contribution history has been vandalism or nonsense (Nathan tek already deleted). -- Curps 02:09, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: see also Estrone ([ history] · [ watch]) . Note : Estrone is produced by God, directed by Elena Logvinenko and Nathan Tek.
 * Delete, no refs in the web of science, or in metabolism databases.Estrone is a real horome though, and is metabolised by Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase  --nixie 02:18, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Alien vs. Predator (arcade game)

Missing Sample
The "overheat" audio sample does not really exist. It is a mash of two audio samples, which, when the word "Overheat" is presented onscreen, tricks the brain like an illusion. It is known as the McGurk effect, allowing the game to still work without actually having an audio sample for the 'overheat' action. 2A00:23C5:F089:FB00:1547:66F0:FCED:C783 (talk) 20:42, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

ViesDat
U.S.A. Uzi - Ю, и 213.191.162.192 (talk) 11:30, 24 October 2023 (UTC)

Major Dutch Schaefer
The bio of the character says he's a cyborg and the Capcom fandom wiki says that as well.. 108.208.137.170 (talk) 01:52, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alien vs. Predator (arcade game)


text:
Bhavani River

The Bhavani is an interstate Indian river which flows through Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India. It originates from the Western Ghats and is one among the three rivers of Kerala which flows in eastward direction.

Hydrography
Bhavani river originates from Nilgiri hills of the Western Ghats, enters the Silent Valley National Park in Kerala and flows back towards Tamil Nadu. The Bhavani is a 217 km long perennial river fed mostly by the southwest monsoon and supplemented by the northeast monsoon. Its watershed drains an area of 0.62 e6ha spread over Tamil Nadu (87%), Kerala (9%) and Karnataka (4%). The main river courses majorly through Coimbatore district and Erode district in Tamil Nadu. About 90 percent of the river's water is used for agriculture irrigation. The Bhavani River is one of the main tributaries of the Cauvery River. It travels for 216 km and joins the Cauvery from the right bank.

The river joins the Cauvery at the Kooduthurai holy site near Bhavani.

Tributaries
Twelve major rivulets including West and East Varagar rivers join the Bhavani draining the southern Nilgiri slopes. At Mukkali, the Bhavani takes an abrupt 120-degree turn towards the northeast and flows for another 25 km through Attappady plateau. It gets reinforced by the Kunda river coming from the north. Siruvani river, a perennial stream and the Kodungarapallam river, flowing from the south and southeast respectively join the Bhavani at Kerala-Tamil Nadu border. The river then flows east along the base of Nilgiris and enters the plains near Bathra Kaliamman temple at Mettupalayam after joining with Coonoor river coming from northwest.

About 30 km downstream, Moyar River, a major tributary originating in Mudumalai National Park, flows in from the northwest, where it drains the valley between the northern slopes of the Nilgiris and the southern slopes of the Bilgiri Hills. After the Moyar it is blocked by the Lower Bhavani Dam, feeding Lower Bhavani Project Canal near Sathyamangalam in Erode District. The river continues east for over 160 km through Erode District, traversing Kodiveri Dam, near Gobichettipalayam which feeds the Arakkankottai and Thadappalli canals constructed for agricultural purposes. A small barrage across the river was built by Kalingarayan in 1283 CE to feed the 56 mi Kalingarayan irrigation canal.

Dams

 * Bhavanisagar

The Bhavanisagar dam is located on the Bhavani river in Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. The dam is one of the largest earthen dams in the world. The dam is situated some 16 km west of Sathyamangalam and 35 km from Gobichettipalayam. The Lower Bhavani Project was the first major irrigation project initiated in India after independence in 1948. It was completed by 1955 and opened for use in 1956. The dam was constructed at a cost of inr 210000000.

The dam is 8 km long and 40 m high. The full reservoir level is 120 ft and the dam has a capacity of 32.8 e9cuft. The dam has two hydel power stations, one on the east bank canal and the other on the Bhavani river. Each has a capacity of 16 MW for a total capacity of 32 MW.

 * Kodiveri

The Kodiveri dam is located on the Bhavani River near Gobichettipalayam in Western Tamil Nadu. The dam is situated along the State Highway 15 about 15 km from Gobichettipalayam towards Sathyamangalam. It was constructed by Kongalvan in the year 1125 CE.

Pollution
Industrial, municipal and agricultural pollution of the river results in poor water quality and negative impacts on the health of people, plants and animals dependent on the river water.

title: Bhavani River


text: User talk:69.3.222.71

title: User talk:69.3.222.71


text:
Peter Temin

Peter Temin (born 17 December 1937) is an economist and economic historian, currently Gray Professor Emeritus of Economics, MIT and former head of the Economics Department.

Education
Temin graduated from Swarthmore College in 1959 before earning his Ph.D. at MIT in 1964. Beginning in the 1960s and early 1970s he published on American economic history in the 19th century, including The Jacksonian Economy (1969) and Causal Factors in American Economic Growth in the Nineteenth Century (1975), as well as Reckoning with Slavery (1976), which was an examination of the slave economy and its effects. His papers of the 1960s would reflect intense empirical study as part of his working method, including composition of iron and steel products, which would later be part of his analysis of industrial development. He continued his study of 19th century industrialization with Engines of Enterprise.

Influence
Two of Temin's most cited conclusions in this area are on the relationship of labor scarcity to economic development, and the role of general equilibrium models in studying economic history. He would apply the conclusions drawn to his study of the business cycle in the 19th century.

The conclusions of his 1971 paper on Central Banks and Economic and Social Welfare programs foreshadowed what is probably his most influential and best known work: Did Monetary Forces Cause the Great Depression? (1976). This work hypothesized that it was not primarily the actions of the Federal Reserve in response to the economic downturn of 1930 which turned a recession into the most far reaching slump in the modern economic period, but instead was an autonomous drop in demand. He would later revisit this thesis in his 1989 work Lessons from the Great Depression, as well as publish several papers building on his conclusions. He joined, in some way, the conclusions of Keynes and Friedman: the Great Depression started with troubles in the 'real economy' later expanded to the financial world via speculation and money destruction (also see the analysis of Rondo Cameron about 'wildcat banking').

His 1987 empirical survey of AT&T, entitled The Fall of the Bell System has affected how new entrepreneurial businesses are viewed.

Personal life
Temin is the brother of the late geneticist Howard Temin, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1975 for the discovery of reverse transcriptase. He is Jewish.

Selected publications

 * Iron and Steel in Nineteenth Century America: An Economic Inquiry. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1964.
 * The Jacksonian Economy. New York: W.W. Norton, 1969.
 * The New Economic History (ed.). Penguin Books, 1972.
 * Causal Factors in American Economic Growth in the Nineteenth Century. London: Macmillan, 1975.
 * Did Monetary Forces Cause the Great Depression? New York: W.W. Norton, 1976.
 * Reckoning with Slavery. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976 (with Paul David, Herbert Gutman, Richard Sutch, and Gavin Wright).
 * Taking Your Medicine: Drug Regulation in the United States. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980.
 * The Fall of The Bell System: A Study in Prices and Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
 * Inside the Business Enterprise: Historical Perspectives on the Use of Information (ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
 * Industrialization in North America (ed.), Vol. 6 of R. A. Church and E. A. Wrigley (eds.), The Industrial Revolutions. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.
 * The European Economy Between the Wars. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997 (with Charles Feinstein and Gianni Toniolo), translated into Italian as L'economia europea tra le due guerre (Laterza, Roma-Bari 1998).
 * Learning by Doing in Markets, Firms, and Nations (eds.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998 (with Naomi R. Lamoreaux and Daniel M. G. Raff).
 * Elites, Minorities, and Economic Growth (eds.). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1999 (with Elise S. Brezis).
 * Engines of Enterprise: An Economic History of New England (ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000.
 * The World Economy Between the Wars. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007 (with [Charles Feinstein and] Gianni Toniolo).
 * Reasonable Rx: How to Lower Drug Prices. FT Press, 2008 (with Stan Finkelstein).
 * Prometheus Shackled: Goldsmith Banks and England's Financial Revolution after 1700, Oxford University Press, USA, 2013 (with Hans-Joachim Voth).
 * The Leaderless Economy: Why the World Economic System Fell Apart and How to Fix It, Princeton University Press, 2013 (with David Vines).
 * Keynes: Useful Economics for the World Economy, co-author David Vines, MIT Press (2014)
 * The Vanishing Middle Class: Prejudice and Power in a Dual Economy, MIT Press (March 2017) ISBN 9780262339971
 * Keynes: Useful Economics for the World Economy, co-author David Vines, MIT Press (2014)
 * The Vanishing Middle Class: Prejudice and Power in a Dual Economy, MIT Press (March 2017) ISBN 9780262339971

title: Peter Temin


text:
User:CryptoStorm

Welcome to my talk page. Please don't vandalize this page.

If you wish to leave a message, please do so at the "discussion" tab above.

title: User:CryptoStorm


text: File:Live Preview.png

title: File:Live Preview.png


text:
Turtles Can Fly

Turtles Can Fly is a 2004 Kurdish war drama film written, directed and co-produced by Bahman Ghobadi. The film stars Soran Ebrahim, Avaz Latif, Saddam Hossein Faysal, Hiresh Feysal Rahman, Abdolrahman Karim, Ajil Zibari. The plot is about three refugee children near the Iraqi-Turkish border, awaiting for the Americans to invade Iraq and overthrow Saddam Hussein.

Turtles Can Fly was the first film to be made after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. It had its premiere at 2004 Toronto International Film Festival.

Plot
The film is set in the Kurdish refugee camp on the Iraq–Turkey border on the eve of the US invasion of Iraq. Thirteen-year-old Soran, known by the alias Kak Satellite, is known for his installation of dishes and antenna for the villages who are looking for news about Saddam Hussein, he is also known for his limited knowledge of the English language, which he learns because he interacts with the Americans when they invade. He is the dynamic, but manipulative leader of the children, organizing the dangerous but necessary sweeping and clearing of the minefields. Many of these children are injured one way or the other, yet still maintain a boisterous prattle whenever possible, devoted to their work in spite of the vagaries of their life.

The industrious Kak Satellite arranges trade-ins for undetonated mines. He falls for a girl named Agrin, an orphan from Halabja who has recently came to the refugee camps, assisting her whenever possible in order to win her over. She is a perpetual dour-faced girl who is part bitter, part lost in thought, unable to escape the demons of the past. She is traveling with her disabled but very caring brother Hengov, who has the gift of clairvoyance that made him have a bad reputation for it. The siblings stay with a blind toddler named Riga, who they introduce as their "little brother". It is later revealed that Agrin gave birth to Riga after she was gang raped by Ba'ath soldiers, while Hengov's arms had been shot as the soldiers attempted to drown both of them. Agrin is unable to accept Riga as anything besides a taint, a continuous reminder of her brutal past.

Agrin tries to abandon the child and commit suicide on multiple occasions. Once she tries to burn herself in the lake, but she gives up. Trying to get rid of the child, she ties him on a tree and abandons him. He walks around until he gets stuck in a minefield. Kak Satellite tries to rescue him but a mine blows on Kak Satellite, injuring his leg. After multiple tries, Agrin finally ties Riga to a rock and throws him to the bottom of the lake, afterwards committing suicide herself by jumping from a cliff. When her brother sees a vision of his loved ones drowning, he hurries out of the tent to save them, but he is too late. Hengov eventually finds his nephew's body at the bottom of the lake but can't cut it loose from the rock due to his disability. Hengov grieves on the cliff from where Agrin jumped to her death. Meanwhile, a disabled Kak Satellite loses any charm he had about the American intervention and looks away when the American soldiers finally pass by him.

Critical response
On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 88% based on 73 reviews, with an average rating of 7.70/10. The site's critical consensus reads "Set in Iraq after the fall of Saddam, Turtles Can Fly is being hailed as extraordinary, moving, and lyrical." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 85 out of 100, based on 31 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".

Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars, describing the film's story as "the actual lives of refugees, who lack the luxury of opinions because they are preoccupied with staying alive in a world that has no place for them". David Sterritt of The Christian Science Monitor praised the film saying, "Superb acting and authentic details energize this rare Iran/Iraq coproduction.". Michael Koresky of IndieWire praised the film writing, "Rarely does a film feel this urgent, like a message in a bottle accidentally washed ashore."

The film was included in the list of best war movies of all time by Jacob Osborn and Megan Drillinger of News Channel Nebraska, where it was placed on the 35th position.

Awards

 * 1) Special Mention by the Youth Jury, Berlin International Film Festival, 2005
 * 2) Golden Seashell, Best Film, San Sebastián International Film Festival, 2004
 * 3) Special Jury Prize, Chicago International Film Festival, 2004
 * 4) International Jury and Audience Awards, São Paulo International Film Festival, 2004
 * 5) La Pieza Award, Best Film, Mexico City International Contemporary Film Festival, 2005
 * 6) Audience Award, Rotterdam International Film Festival, 2005
 * 7) Golden Prometheus, Best Film, Tbilisi International Film Festival, 2005
 * 8) Aurora Award, Tromsø International Film Festival, 2005
 * 9) Golden Butterfly, Isfahan International Festival of Films for Children, 2004
 * 10) Gold Dolphin, Festróia - Tróia International Film Festival, 2005
 * 11) Sundance Selection, 2005
 * 12) Silver Skeleton Award Harvest Moonlight Festival 2007

In popular culture
The film had an influence on the 2007-2009 Gundam anime series Mobile Suit Gundam 00. The anime's main protagonist Setsuna F. Seiei is a war orphan of Kurdish origins and his real name is Soran Ibrahim, a reference to the child actor portraying the protagonist of Turtles Can Fly. The film was sampled by Jay Electronica in his 2007 mixtape Act I: Eternal Sunshine (The Pledge).

title: Turtles Can Fly


text: File:SmithFamily.gif

title: File:SmithFamily.gif


text:
File:Hearts2005logo.PNG

Licensing

 * The image is only being used for informational purposes.
 * The image adds significantly to the 2005 Scott Tournament of Hearts article because it is used to identify the subject of the article.
 * No free equivalent is available or could be created since this is a copyrighted logo.

Rationale: Logo pertains to subject and does not detract from it.

title: File:Hearts2005logo.PNG


text:
User:Arielsantana

Ariel Santana (Sound Editor)

Ariel Santana is a 31-year old Chilean-born Montrealer, with experience in sound editing and electroacoustic music composition. He sudied Music Technology in McGill University between 1995 and 2000. He is recipient of the SOCAN Yong Composer Competition prize (2001), and the CBC Aural Recall Composition (2001). His future career is as an established sound editor and sound artist.

title: User:Arielsantana