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Z-Scars

Z-Scars is a Latvian rock band.

Z-Scars was founded in February, 2001. The band has become one of the most popular rock bands in Latvia in the short period of time. Their songs have been in the top 3 positions of many radio stations all around Latvia since the end of 2002.

Their popularity and public’s recognition are one of the tremendous success stories in Latvian music industry. Their destiny drastically changed for the better when their song “If you are alone” became the song number 1 in one of the most important and influential Latvian radio tops - Radio SWH Top 40.

Z-Scars leader Andris Kivičs is a very popular person in Latvia. Interviews with him regularly appear in Latvian media in late years paparazzi loves him because of his rude behaviour on social media. He was the host of the TV programme “Date” on LTV1 and the host of the TV programme “SeMS with Avantis” on LTV7.

Success story
The debut album "Starp tevi un mani" (“Between you and me”) released in December, 2003 was a huge success. The first edition was sold out quickly due to their great popularity and the media attention. The bands interviews appeared in dozens of the magazines, Latvian dailies. Because of this success Z-Scars has definitely become one of the most popular rock bands in Latvia.

Publishing company and partner organization: Avantis

Single "Tu tuvojies sev" (“You approach yourself”) released in the summer, 2003 - sold out. Song "Ja tu esi viens" (“If you are alone”) – 1st. place in common Latvian music top, the summer of 2003. Single "Tu tuvojies sev" (“You approach yourself”) was specifically written as the theme song for the documentary “Found in America”/"Atrasts Amerikā" (also produced by Avantis). Both gained tremendous popularity in the summer of 2003.

Z-Scars second album "Pasakas un reklāmas" ("Tales and advertisements") released in June, 2005. This album style is harder than previous.

On 30 May 2008 Z-Scars presented their third album "Tieši sirdī//Прямо в сердце" ("Directly in the heart"), which is in Latvian, Russian and English.

Six singles already are playing on the radio -  "Cauri pilsētai" (Through city), "Trīs vārdi" (Three words), "Izģērbies" (Take off your clothes), "Way back home", "Ziemassvētku sapņi" (Christmas dreams) and "Nebaidies un viss" (Don't be afraid and that's all). They 2 songs have been played on the Russian radio with good results on the top.

Winners
3rd place in Radio SWH Latvian Music Top competition in January 2005. The winners of the “Song of the year” song competition in January 2004. “Song of the year” is one of the most popular song tops in Latvia, produced by “Latvia’s Radio 2” station. Z-Scars took prize “The best rock song” and “The best video” in “LNT Music video competition” by popular vote and with the right to produce a video - March 2003.

Discography

 * 2003 December - Starp tevi un mani (Between you and me)
 * 2005 June - Pasakas un reklāmas (Tales and advertisements)
 * 2008 May - Tieši sirdī (Directly in the heart)

Band members

 * Andris Kivics (voice, acoustic guitar)
 * Reinis Brigis (drums)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Z-Scars


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Ministries Trial

The Ministries Trial (or, officially, the United States of America vs. Ernst von Weizsäcker, et al.) was the eleventh of the twelve trials for war crimes the U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany in Nuremberg after the end of World War II. These twelve trials were all held before U.S. military courts, not before the International Military Tribunal, but took place in the same rooms at the Palace of Justice. The twelve U.S. trials are collectively known as the "Subsequent Nuremberg Trials" or, more formally, as the "Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals" (NMT).

This case is also known as the Wilhelmstrasse Trial, so-named because both the Reich Chancellery and the German Foreign Office were located at the Wilhelmstrasse, a street in Berlin that was often used as a metonym for overall German governmental administration. The defendants in this case were officials of various Reich ministries, facing various charges for their roles in Nazi Germany and thus their participation in or responsibility for the numerous atrocities committed both in Germany and in occupied countries during the war.

The judges in this case, heard before Military Tribunal VI, were William C. Christianson (presiding judge) from Minnesota, Robert F. Maguire from Oregon and Leon W. Powers from Iowa. The Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was Telford Taylor; the chief prosecutor was Robert Kempner. The indictment was filed on 15 November 1947; the hearings lasted from 6 January 1948 until 18 November that year. Five months later, on 11 April 1949, the judges presented their 833-page judgment. Sentences were handed down on 13 April 1949. Of all the twelve trials, this was the one that lasted longest and ended last. Of the 21 defendants arraigned, two were acquitted, and 18 others were found guilty on at least one count of their indictments and received prison sentences ranging from three years to 25 years. In addition, one defendant, Ernst Wilhelm Bohle, pleaded guilty, becoming the only defendant to do so in the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials.

Indictment
The defendants were all indicted on at least one of seven counts:

Count 1: Crime against peace

Count 2: Taking part in a common plan or conspiracy to commit the aforementioned crimes (later dropped by the NMT in all trials)

Count 3: War crimes against prisoners of war

Count 4: Crimes against humanity through atrocities against German nationals on political, racial, and religious grounds between 1933 and 1939 (count dropped)

Count 5: War crimes and crimes against humanity through atrocities against civilian population

Count 6: War crimes and crimes against humanity through the plundering and spoliation of the occupied territories

Count 7: War crimes and crimes against humanity through the enslavement and deportation of concentration camp prisoners and civilians in the occupied countries for slave labor

Count 8: Membership in a criminal organization, the NSDAP and the SS

Defendants
Stuckart was tried again in 1950 before a denazification court and sentenced as a Mitläufer (follower) a fine of DM 50,000.

Herbert Backe, the former minister for agriculture who should also have been tried, committed suicide on 6 April 1947 while in custody awaiting the trial.

title: Ministries Trial


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Denis Donoghue (academic)

Denis Donoghue (1 December 1928 – 6 April 2021) was an Irish literary critic. He was the Henry James Chair of English and American Letters at New York University.

Life and career
Donoghue was born at Tullow, County Carlow, into a Roman Catholic family, the youngest of four surviving children. He was brought up in Warrenpoint, County Down, Northern Ireland, where his father, Denis, was sergeant-in-charge of the Royal Ulster Constabulary. His mother was Johanna (O'Neill) Donoghue.

He was educated by the Irish Christian Brothers at the Abbey Christian Brothers' Grammar School, Newry. He stood 6'7".

He studied Latin and English at University College Dublin, earning a bachelor of arts degree in 1949, an M.A. in 1952, a Ph.D. in 1957, and a D.Litt. (honoris causa) in 1989. He then studied Lieder singing at the Royal Irish Academy of Music. He earned an M.A. at the University of Cambridge in 1964, and returned to Dublin, becoming a professor at UCD.

In 1980, he was appointed to the Henry James chair of English and American letters at NYU, his final teaching post.

He married Frances Rutledge, formerly a teacher and flight attendant, on 1 December 1951. The couple had eight children. One, Emma Donoghue (born 1969), is an Irish-Canadian novelist, literary historian, teacher, playwright, and radio/film scriptwriter.

On 7 December 2018, aged 90, Donoghue married his longtime partner of more than twenty years, Melissa Malouf, in North Carolina, USA. Melissa Malouf (born 1951) was previously married to literary critic Frank Lentriccia. Malouf is a writer and retired Duke University professor of English. They resided together in Durham, North Carolina, until Denis Donoghue's death at age 92 on 6 April 2021 from natural causes. His first wife, Frances, predeceased him in 2018. He is survived by his second wife Melissa, his children (David, Helen, Hugh, Celia, Mark, Barbara, Stella and Emma), and a large extended family.

Works

 * The Third Voice: Modern British and American Verse Drama (1959)
 * The Integrity of Yeats (1964) editor
 * An Honoured Guest - New Essays on W.B. Yeats (1965) editor with J.R. Mulryne
 * Connoisseurs of Chaos: Ideas of Order in Modern American Poetry (1965)
 * The Ordinary Universe: Soundings in Modern Literature (1968) criticism
 * Swift Revisited (1968) editor, Thomas Davis Lectures, with Roger McHugh, Matthew Hodgart, Mark Kinkead-Weekes, and John Holloway
 * Emily Dickinson (1969)
 * Jonathan Swift: A Critical Introduction (1969) editor
 * Jonathan Swift, Penguin Critical Anthologies (1971) editor
 * Yeats (Fontana Modern Masters, 1971)
 * W. B. Yeats, Memoirs (1972) editor
 * Thieves of Fire (1973) T.S. Eliot Memorial Lectures.
 * Seven American Poets from MacLeish to Nemerov (1975) essays on John Berryman, Richard Eberhart, Randall Jarrell, Robert Lowell, Archibald MacLeish, Howard Nemerov and Theodore Roethke
 * The Sovereign Ghost: Studies in Imagination (1976)
 * Ferocious Alphabets (1981) criticism
 * The Politics of Modern Criticism (1981)
 * The Arts Without Mystery (1983) 1982 Reith Lectures
 * Creation and Interpretation (1984) with William Barrett, Richard Wollheim
 * R. P. Blackmur, Selected Essays (1986) editor
 * We Irish : Essays on Irish Literature & Society (1986)
 * Reading America: Essays on American Literature (1987)
 * America in Theory (1988) editor with Leslie Berlowitz and Louis Menand
 * England their England: Commentaries on English Language and Literature (1988)
 * Warrenpoint (1990) memoirs
 * The Pure Good Of Theory (1992) Bucknell Lectures in Literary Theory
 * Who Says What and The Question of Voice (1992) Princess Grace Irish Library Lectures
 * The Old Moderns,: Essays on Literature and Theory (1994)
 * Walter Pater: Lover of Strange Souls (1995) biography
 * Henry James Complete Stories, 1898-1910 (1997) editor
 * Practice Of Reading (1998)
 * Words Alone : The Poet T. S. Eliot (2000)
 * Adam's Curse: Reflections on Religion and Literature (2001)
 * Speaking of Beauty (2003)
 * The American Classics (2005)
 * On Eloquence (2008)
 * Warrenpoint (2013)
 * Metaphor (2014)

Broadcasting
In 1982 the BBC invited Donoghue to present its annual Reith Lectures. Across six lectures, called The Arts Without Mystery, he discussed how society's rationalisation of art was destroying its mystery.

title: Denis Donoghue (academic)


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British Touring Car Championship

The Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship is a touring car racing series held each year in the United Kingdom, currently organised and administered by TOCA. It was established in 1958 as the British Saloon Car Championship and was renamed as the British Touring Car Championship for the 1987 season. The championship, currently running Next Generation Touring Car regulations, has been run to various national and international regulations over the years including FIA Group 2, FIA Group 5, FIA Group 1, FIA Group A, FIA Super Touring and FIA Super 2000. A lower-key Group N class for production cars ran from 2000 until 2003.

Early years
The championship was initially run with a mix of classes, divided according to engine capacity, racing simultaneously. This often meant that a driver who chose the right class could win the overall championship without any chance of overall race wins, thereby devaluing the title for the spectators – for example, in the 1980s Chris Hodgetts won two overall titles in a small Toyota Corolla prepared by Hughes Of Beaconsfield, at that time a Mercedes-Benz/Toyota main dealer when most of the race wins were going to much larger cars; and while the Ford Sierra Cosworth RS500s were dominating at the front of the field, Frank Sytner took a title in a Class B BMW M3 and John Cleland's first title was won in a small Class C Vauxhall Astra.

Super Touring cars
In 1990, the BTCC introduced a class for cars with an engine displacement up to 2.0 litres which would later be adopted by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile and become the Super Touring regulations that were used in various championships in Europe and around the world. In their first year, these cars were run alongside a second class which continued to allow larger engines and was once again dominated by the Ford Sierra Cosworth RS500, however from 1991 they became the only cars eligible to compete. The new one-class system was popular with manufacturers from the beginning with six manufacturer supported teams from BMW, Ford, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Toyota and Vauxhall entered in the championship. During the first seasons, the cars were not fitted with aerodynamic aids such as a front splitter or a rear wing which were allowed from 1995 after Alfa Romeo caused controversy a year earlier, when they entered the 155 fitted with a rear wing – an item that was delivered with the road-going version of the 155, however unfitted in its boot. Audi joined the BTCC in 1996 with its four-wheel drive A4 Quattro, and went on to take that year's title. The continuously high number of manufacturer-backed teams meant rapid development on the cars and quickly growing costs to compete which caused several manufacturers to withdraw from the championship until the 2000 season, when only Ford, Honda and Vauxhall remained in the championship. To this day, the 'super touring era' during the 1990s is still looked at as the most successful period of the BTCC. The high number of manufacturer-backed teams provided very close competition, close and hard-fought racing on track and many spectators at the circuits.

BTC Touring and Super 2000 cars
In order to reduce the costs to compete in the championship, the organisers introduced new regulations for the 2001 season. The BTC Touring regulations cut costs dramatically but both manufacturer and spectator interest was low. The Super 2000 rules were adopted for the 2007 season. The 2000s saw cheaper cars than the later Supertouring era, with fewer factory teams and fewer international drivers.

Next Generation Touring Car
In 2009, the BTCC released details of its Next Generation Touring Car (NGTC) specification, to be introduced from 2011. The introduction of these new technical regulations were designed to dramatically reduce the design, build and running costs of the cars and engines as well as reducing the potential for significant performance disparities between cars. The NGTC specification also aimed to cut costs by reducing reliance on WTCC/S2000 equipment, due to increasing costs/complexity and concerns as to its future sustainability and direction.

Current NGTC cars
Currently, the cars used are a mix of 2.0 L saloons (sedans) such as the BMW 3-Series and Infiniti Q50, and hatchback cars such as the Honda Civic, Toyota Corolla and Ford Focus, based on models from a variety of manufacturers, using NGTC regulations. S2000 cars continued running in the Jack Sears Trophy until the 2014 season.

Teams
BTCC teams are a mixture of manufacturer entries (currently BMW and Toyota) and independent teams such as BTC Racing, and Motorbase Performance.

In 2010, following Vauxhall's decision to pull out of the series, there were two new works teams, : Chevrolet, run by RML; and Honda, run by Team Dynamics.

In 2005, Team Dynamics became the first independent outfit to win the BTCC drivers and team championships; Matt Neal won the overall and independent drivers contests in his Team Dynamics Honda Integra. This included finishing all 30 championship races that year, something no other driver had achieved before and only equalled by Adam Morgan some 10 years later in 2015. This ended Vauxhall's run of 4 victories in the drivers and teams championships between 2001 and 2004. Neal and Dynamics were also victorious in 2006, before Vauxhall won the 2007 title with Italian Fabrizio Giovanardi. Team Dynamics also achieved the first overall independents race win in the 'Supertouring' era when Neal won a round of the 1999 BTCC at Donington Park, earning the team prize-money of £250,000.

As a result of Matt Neal's championship victories, and the fact that Team Dynamics were designing and building their own S2000 Honda Civic Type R (with unofficial support from Honda), they were no longer entered into the Independents category, and were classed as neither an "independent" or "works" team until the 2009 season, when the Manufacturers championship was renamed Manufacturers/Constructors Championship to allow both Team Aon and Team Dynamics to compete with at the time the sole works entry of Vauxhall.

Current regulations
As of the 2014 British Touring Car Championship, all cars are built to the same regulations:
 * Next Generation Touring Car. New set of regulations specifically developed for the BTCC as a way of moving the sport forward and cut costs for competitors. Introduced from 2011, these new technical regulations were designed to dramatically reduce the design, build and running costs of the cars and engines as well as reduce reliance on WTCC/S2000 equipment. NGTC cars initially maintained performance parity with S2000 cars until the 2013 season when full NGTC cars became the main championship class with Hybrid S2000/NGTC cars running in a secondary class. From the 2014 season, only NGTC cars are eligible to compete in the BTCC.

Cost control measures
There are strict limits to the modifications which can be made to the cars, which are intended to reduce the cost of running a competitive team, which had become prohibitive in the final years of the Super Touring rules. These cost reductions saw a rise in independent entries – teams or individuals entering cars purchased from the manufacturer teams when they update their chassis.

With the introduction of the NGTC rules, all cars share a number of common components provided through a contract with RML Group. This has allowed many independent teams to enter without the need for manufacturer support, and negating the need to source ex-works cars. Teams can install an engine from their marque's broad 'family' of cars, or opt to lease an engine from TOCA, built by Swindon Engines which also helps to make the cost of entry more affordable.

To further keep costs in check, the BTCC uses a single tyre supplier, with Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company the current supplier of rubber to all the teams. The following compounds are used: Hard, Medium, Soft and Wet.

Fuels
The rules previously allowed for a variety of different fuels in a bid to encourage more efficient cars. In 2004 Mardi Gras Motorsport independently entered a Liquified petroleum gas powered Super 2000 Honda Civic Type-R (which was subsequently replaced by a more competitive BTC-Touring Peugeot 406 Coupé, still LPG powered), and in 2005 Tech-Speed Motorsport converted an ex-works Vauxhall Astra Coupé to run on bio-ethanol fuel. In the middle of 2006, Kartworld's owner-driver Jason Hughes converted his 4-cylinder MG ZS to run on Bio-Ethanol, soon followed by the West Surrey Racing cars of championship contender Colin Turkington and Rob Collard, and for the final event at Silverstone, Richard Marsh converted his Peugeot 307 to run on bio-ethanol fuel. Only Hughes continued on this fuel in 2007 and 2008. The regulations also permitted cars to run on diesel; attempted first in the 2007 season by Rick Kerry in a BMW 120d E87 run by Team AFM Racing. In 2008 SEAT Sport UK entered two Turbo Diesel Power SEAT Leons – the first diesel powered manufacturer entered cars. At the start of the 2010 season, it was announced that Team AON racing had converted both of their Ford Focus ST cars to run on LPG.

Under current NGTC regulations, all entrants use Carless HiperFlo 300 which is a 101/102 RON and 89/90 MON unleaded gasoline with approximately 2% oxygen content that meets the FIA 'Appendix J' gasoline specification.

Previous regulations
The following regulations have been applied to the championship:
 * 1958 – unique BTCC regulations
 * 1959 – FIA Appendix J Category C
 * 1960 – 'silhouette' special saloon cars (1000cc)
 * 1961 to 1965 – FIA Group 2
 * 1966 to 1969 – FIA Group 5
 * 1970 to 1973 – FIA Group 2
 * 1974 to 1983 – FIA Group 1
 * 1983 to 1990 – FIA Group A
 * 1991 to 2000 – 2 Litre Touring Car Formula, later becoming FIA Super Touring
 * 2001 to 2011 – BTC Touring. The BTCC developed and introduced this specification in 2001, in response to the spiralling costs of the Super Touring specification. However, with the Super 2000 specification being used in the newly reformed World Touring Car Championship, the popularity of the BTC-T spec with top teams and manufactures was short lived. Therefore, from the 2007 season, BTC-T spec cars were no longer allowed to win the championship outright. The 2010 season was meant to be the last year BTC-T cars would be eligible to enter the championship, however Series Director Alan Gow announced a one-year extension to allow BTC-T to compete in 2011 (with their base-weight +50 kg on the 2010 season). Only cars that competed in 2010 would be eligible to race in 2011.
 * 2004 to 2013 – Super 2000. Regulations first introduced to the BTCC in 2004, allowing teams to build cars eligible to race in several different Touring Car Championships, including the World Touring Car Championship. Car built to this specification were eligible to compete until the end of the 2013 season, however the last fully S2000 cars were entered in the 2011 season.
 * 2010 to 2013 – S2000/NGTC Hybrid. From the 2010 season, teams with S2000 chassis were allowed to use an NGTC engine with their car. As of the 2012 season, all teams with S2000 chassis, used NGTC turbo charged engines. This hybrid specification was eligible until the end of the 2013 season.

Circuits
Being a national championship, the British Touring Car Championship has visited circuits throughout the United Kingdom over its long history. Currently the series visits eight different tracks in England and Scotland over the course of ten meetings. These tracks are: Brands Hatch (Indy Layout), Donington Park, Thruxton (the fastest track ever visited by the BTCC, with an average speed of 111.31 mph, set by Andrew Jordan during qualifying in 2014), Oulton Park, Croft, Snetterton, Knockhill, and Silverstone (National and International layouts), with a return to Brands Hatch (GP Layout) at the end of the season.

In the past, the BTCC has visited Mondello Park in Ireland and Pembrey in Wales. A street race around the city of Birmingham known as the Birmingham Superprix, was held in 1989 and 1990.

Aintree, Crystal Palace, Goodwood, Ingliston, Mallory Park and Rockingham have also hosted rounds in the past.

Race format
On the Saturday of a race weekend there are two practice sessions followed by a 30-minute qualifying session which determines the starting order for the first race on the Sunday, the fastest driver lining up in pole position.

Each race typically consists of between 16 and 25 laps, depending on the length of the circuit. A race may be extended by three laps if three or more laps have been run behind a safety car.

The grid for race two is based on the finishing order of race one. For race three, a draw takes place to decide at which place the grid is 'reversed'. This means drivers finishing race two in positions 6th through 12th could take pole position for race 3 depending on the outcome of the draw. For example, if ball number 7 is drawn, the driver finishing in 7th position in race two starts on pole, 6th place starts in second place, 5th place starts in third etc. Drivers finishing in 8th place and beyond would start race three in their finishing order for race two. The draw is normally conducted by a celebrity or VIP, live on TV. For 2014, this was changed so that the driver who finished Race 2 in 10th position made the draw. Fabrizio Giovanardi has twice managed to put himself on pole position by drawing out number 10.

Before 2006, the driver finishing in 10th place in race two took pole position for race three. This initiated deliberate race 'fixing', whereby some drivers attempted to finished in 10th place during race two to gain pole position in race three. This "reverse grid" rule polarised opinion: some fans enjoy the spectacle afforded by having unlikely drivers on pole position while faster ones have to battle through the field; others feel it detracts from the purity of the racing. For example, some drivers might decide to slow down and let others pass them, thereby improving their own starting position for the "reverse grid" race, which is contrary to the spirit of motor racing – which is to try to come first in every race. It also led to some safety concerns as drivers would slow dramatically on the approach to the finish line, with cars behind forced to take evasive action to avoid collecting slower cars ahead. These factors contributed the rule change for the 2006 season.

Current points system
Points are awarded to the top fifteen drivers in each race as follows:
 * No driver may collect more than one "Lead a Lap" point per race no matter how many laps they lead.

Previous points system
Points are awarded to the top ten drivers in each race as follows:

 * No driver may collect more than one "Lead a Lap" point per race no matter how many laps they lead.

Television coverage
The BBC screened highlights of every race from 1988 to 2001. The F1 commentator at the time, Murray Walker, commentated. From 1997, some races were screened live with Charlie Cox joining Murray Walker. After 1997 the commentary team was Charlie Cox and John Watson with Murray Walker dedicating his time to Formula 1.

In the UK, ITV covered the series from 2002, with commentary from Ben Edwards and former champion Tim Harvey, with Toby Moody replacing Edwards after he replaced Martin Brundle on the BBC's F1 coverage in 2012 and David Addison replaced Toby Moody for the 2013 season. In 2006 the ITV coverage included highlights from the first and second race of the day and live coverage of the third and final race. This returned in the second half of 2007, after the first five meetings had been on ITV3 (a digital channel with fewer viewers), with a half-hour late-night highlights show. ITV also has a Sunday night show called Motorsport UK, featuring many of the supporting races. From 2008, the races were screened live on ITV4, along with the support races.

The series is screened in other countries. In Australia, Fox Sports Australia have been covering the BTCC championship since 2000. From 2009 the ITV coverage has screened on ONE HD. Speed TV screened several seasons in the USA over the winter, but this ended when the network became Fox Sports 1 in 2013. BTCC returned to the air in the US with the 2015 season, being aired on CBS Sports Network in condensed, one-hour packages like those aired on Speed. Unlike Speed's offering as the series being winter programming filling the void after the American racing season, CBSSN airs events a week or so after their actual running.

Motors TV used to show all the races live, including some support races, both in the UK and across Europe. In 2007 Setanta Sports showed all the races live, including the support races; this ceased when the entire day's coverage moved to ITV4.

The current coverage consists of Saturday's Qualifying Sessions and support races live on ITVX. Sunday coverage starts an hour before Race 1 and finishes after Race 3. All of Sunday's Coverage is aired on ITV4. ITV has a one-hour highlights programme on the Monday night following the race.

Live timing
Live timing for the BTCC and its support races, as well as testing, is provided by Timing Solutions Ltd from their website. This service allows you to follow free practice and qualifying as well as race day action via a timing screen from your computer or mobile phone.

Previous champions
Currently, five championships are awarded per season. The overall driver's championship is the driver gaining the most points overall throughout the season. Since 1992, the Independents driver championship has also been awarded to the leading non-manufacturer-backed driver. There are also awards for the best overall team, leading manufacturer and, since 2005, the top independent team. Previous championship titles were awarded to the leading "Production" (or "Class B") driver and team between 2000 and 2003. The Jack Sears Trophy was introduced for the 2013 season and was awarded to the highest scoring driver competing in S2000 machinery. For 2014, with S2000 cars no longer eligible to compete, it was awarded to the drive that had made up the most places from their grid position throughout the season. From the 2015 season the Jack Sears Trophy has been awarded to the highest placed rookie driver at the end of the season. For the 60th anniversary year in 2018, any driver who had yet to take an overall podium was eligible to contest the Jack Sears Trophy.

Manufacturers'/Constructors' championship winners (1991–present)
Summary

Series sponsors
The BTCC has had several championship sponsors over the years.

Manufacturer/Constructor Entries
The BTCC features entries with the backing, funding and technical support of a motor manufacturer. This may be a motor racing team running cars on behalf of the manufacturer or cars being run directly by the factory. Below is a timeline of manufacturer/constructor entries from the beginning of the 2-litre era.

Support races
Each BTCC race meeting, the crowds are kept further entertained by the appearance of high-profile supporting championships, known as the TOCA Support Package, from the manufacturers Ford, Ginetta, Porsche and Renault.

TOCA support package
The TOCA Support Package consists of five main support championships, which support the championship at almost every round, along with several smaller championships supporting one or two events. All the support championships are either Single Make Championships or Formula racing.

After previously supported the BTCC in the late 1990s and then in 2013 and 2014, the British Formula Ford Championship announced that it was folding to become the MSA Formula, the FIA's Formula 4 championship in the UK for the 2015 season. Known as F4 British Championship from 2016, the championship uses Mygale carbon-fibre monocoque chassis and a Ford 1.6L EcoBoost engine as used in the more modern Formula Ford cars.

The Ginetta GT Supercup is a GT style, multi class championship. The main class is the G55 class, utilising Ginetta's G55 car. The second class, known as the G50 class, utilises the older and less powerful Ginetta G50. Most weekends in 2013 see three Supercup races with a few rounds hosting only two races. Ginetta also run a championship on the support package that caters for up and coming young talent in the form of the Ginetta Junior Championship. These 14- to 17-year-olds race in identical Ginetta G40J cars with strict regulations which help keep costs down. In 2013, the championship with run two races at all BTCC weekends.

Out of all the current support series, the Porsche Carrera Cup GB is the longest serving support championship. Drivers compete in identical Porsche 911 GT3 Cup (Type 997) cars which produce 450 bhp. The three tier championship splits drivers according to their racing experience. Professional drivers compete in the Pro class, with semi-professional and amateur drivers racing in either Pro-Am1 or Pro-Am2. From 2013, the Carrera Cup has held two races at each BTCC meeting.

Finally, the Renault Clio Cup UK allows aspiring touring car drivers to showcase their talent in this single make series, utilising Clio Renaultsport 200 cars. The championship awards three different titles for drivers. Along with the overall drivers' championship, younger rookie drivers can chase points for the Graduate Cup and older gentlemen drivers can seek points for the Masters Cup. During 2013, the Clio Cup will hold two races at all BTCC weekends except the rounds at Croft and Knockhill.

For 2020, the Renault Clio Cup UK has been replaced by the Mini Challenge, which joins from the British GT package. The Clio Cup has joined the British GT Package instead.

Previous support races

 * Formula Renault UK - Early in 2012, the long supporting Formula Renault UK championship announced that it had cancelled its 2012 season after only receiving six entries and hoped to return for the 2013 season. However, it was reported in the media that the series was ended definitively in September 2012.
 * SEAT Cupra Championship - was a one make series that ran for six years between 2003 and 2008, and as a support package to the BTCC between 2004 and 2008. The series folded after SEAT UK ended its racing activities.
 * Formula BMW UK
 * Renault Spider Cup
 * Formula Vauxhall
 * Formula Vauxhall Junior
 * Lotus Elise Championship
 * Vauxhall Vectra Championship
 * Ford Fiesta Championship

title: British Touring Car Championship


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Sole Technology

Sole Technology, Inc., informally known as Sole Tech, is an American footwear and apparel company, specializing in skate shoe design, production and distribution. The company is owned and operated by Pierre-André Senizergues, a former professional freestyle skateboarder. The company's headquarters are in Lake Forest, California, United States.

History
Sole Technology was founded in 1996 to be the parent company of the etnies, éS, Emerica and ThirtyTwo brands.

The Sole Technology Institute (STI) was established in 2003. STI Lab is a first-of-its-kind research and development facility that conducts biomechanical skate shoe research.

In May 2024, etnies, éS, Emerica and ThirtyTwo were acquired by Nidecker Group, a Swiss action sports equipment conglomerate. Following the acquisition, a new company was created to operate the four brands under Nidecker, with Pierre-André assuming the role of CEO for each of them. The Sole Technology name will gradually be phased out.

Etnies
The company's first and largest brand is etnies. Established in 1986, etnies produces footwear and apparel for skateboarding, BMX, motocross, surfing and snowboarding—the brand also sponsors teams in all of these "action sports." From 2005 to 2011, the company also operated etnies plus, a sub-brand which specialized in limited-run footwear.

Etnies sponsored athletes include Ryan Sheckler, Willow, Nick Garcia, Jose Rojo, Chris Joslin and David Reyes.

éS
Founded in 1995, éS produces skateboarding footwear and apparel. The brand subsequently sponsored a team that included professional skateboarders John Rattray, PJ Ladd, Eric Koston, Paul Rodriguez, Ronnie Creager, Chad Muska, Justin Eldridge, Rodrigo Teixeira (TX), Bob Burnquist, Arto Saari, Nyjah Huston, Tom Penny, and Rick McCrank.

After announcing a hiatus in mid-2012, the brand returned in 2014 with special edition runs of their shoes distributed to select skateboard shops.

Emerica
Emerica was launched in 1996, and, in addition to selling apparel, has produced a number of skateboarding-themed videos. Their 2013 video, MADE: Chapter One, was offered to consumers at a price of their choosing, with a minimum price of US$1.00 established.

In July 2013, the brand released its "Workwear" line, a collaboration with skateboarder Andrew Reynolds.

Emerica sponsors a skateboard team which includes Collin Provost, Ed Templeton, Justin "Figgy" Figueroa, Kevin "Spanky" Long, Leo Romero, Jeremy Leabres, Jon Dickson, Eric Winkowski, Rob Maatman, Dakota Servold, Kevin Baekkel, Victor Aceves and Chris Wimer.

ThirtyTwo
ThirtyTwo, a snowboarding boots, apparel, and outerwear brand, was launched in 1995 by snowboarders and has been privately held since that time. As of September 2013, the brand sponsors a team of snowboarders.

ThirtyTwo's Global Pro team includes J. P. Walker, Jeremy Jones, Scott Stevens, Chris Grenier, Chris Bradshaw, Halldór Helgason, Jordan Small, Johnny O'Connor, Joe Sexton, Corey Smith, Dylan Alito, Toni Kerkela, Desiree Melancon, Zeb Powell, Pat Fava and Phil Hansen.

Its Global Am team includes Brandon Hobush, Spencer Schubert, Chris Brewster, Toni Kerkela, Benny Urban, Dylan Alito and Johnny O'Connor.

Altamont Apparel
Altamont Apparel was launched in October 2006 as a concept of Justin Regan and Reynolds, who enlisted UK artist Mark "Fos" Foster as the head designer. Over time, the brand has expanded beyond skateboarding to involve musicians and artists.

title: Sole Technology


text:
Talk:Son House

Son House
Eddie James House, Jr. (March 21, 1902 - October 19, 1988), better known as Son House, was an influential blues singer and guitarist. His birth is a matter of debate. While all legal records place his birth on March 21, 1902, Son House himself gave contradictory information: that he was middle aged during World War I, that he was 79 in 1965, that he was born in 1886. Certainly, the voice in his recordings for the Library of Congress in 1941 and 1942 was not one of a young man.

He was born in Riverton, Mississippi.

He played alongside Charley Patton, Willie Brown, Robert Johnson, "Fiddlin'" Joe Martin, and Leroy Williams.

After killing a man in self-defense, he spent time on Parchman Farm.

Son House made recordings for Paramount Records in 1930 and for Alan Lomax from the Library of Congress in the early 1940s. He then faded from public view until the country blues revival in the 1960s when he was "re-discovered". He subsequently toured extensively in the US and Europe and recorded for CBS records. Like Mississippi John Hurt he was welcomed into the music scene of the 1960s and played at Newport Folk Festival in 1964.

Unlike some blues guitarists of the 1920s and 30s, House was not a virtuoso, and there is little that is technically impressive about his playing. He more than made up for this lack of technique, however, with his powerful and innovative style, featuring very strong, repetitive rhythms, often played with the aid of a bottleneck, coupled with singing that owed more than a nod to the hollers of the chain gangs. The music of Son House, in contrast to that of, say, Blind Lemon Jefferson, was emphatically a dance music, meant to be heard in the noisy atmosphere of a barrelhouse or other dance hall. House was an important influence on not only Muddy Waters but also Robert Johnson, who would later take his music to new levels. It was House who, speaking to awe-struck young blues fans in the 1960s, spread the legend that Johnson had sold his soul to the Devil in exchange for his musical powers.

Ill health plagued his later years and Son House stopped performing in the early 1970s and died in Detroit, Michigan.

Copyrights of Congress Library recordings
Are Alan Lomax recordings in public domain or free to use? If so, I think I would like to upload some of them into Wikimedia Commons. --128.214.205.6 13:25, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

Stop Breaking Down
Again, sir, I have removed your shameless use of Wikipedia for your own self promotion. My suggestion would be to stop adding YouTube links to your thesis film (regardless if it did win an Emmy or not) to the sections on the Blues Musicians who your film is about. This site is not for advertising and your film is not, in my opinion, notable enough to be listed here. Perhaps if you were not so blatant about your own self promotion (and explain, perhaps, who you are when you say "my thesis film", etc.) we could leave the links.

Also, if you're going to make an addition such as the one you have made, come to the discussion board first and ask to see if others find it notable enough for inclusion. And if you're going to make unchecked additions, make sure that they are within formatting guidelines and do not stick out from the rest of the article (as they do). Liontamarin 05:35, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

Mike Was Here
I removed the Mike was here section because I thought the stupid ramblings of bored teenagers was disrespectful to the memory of Son House and to blues music in general —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.9.112.72 (talk) 01:11, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

 * See also Talk:Robert Johnson (musician) Studerby 23:53, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Penn State
Son House played at Penn State, at the University Park campus in May of 1969, as part of the Black arts Festival. Pustelnik (talk) 23:08, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

Willie Wilson?
Who is he — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.184.140.180 (talk)

Why mention the race of the record collectors that "discovered" Son House?
It doesn't make any sense. It's not like Son House was well known in the black communities. I know a lot of white people have a profound guilt for "discovering" black music and making it "popular" - to the point of self flagellation - but it's completely irrelevant here.24.189.110.120 (talk) 08:17, 27 August 2013 (UTC)
 * I've taken it out. It's true, and not completely irrelevant, but it's not mentioned in the main article text - which the introduction is supposed to summarise - and on balance it seems unnecessary to me to include it.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 09:21, 27 August 2013 (UTC)

Discography review
As with many old blues artists, their current available discography is often quite muddled. In the case of Son House, there are albums out there (which are listed in the discography) that draw from the pre-war recordings, his only studio album, some Library of Congress and even some live recordings.

I am thinking of cleaning up the discography by pointing out that the following original recordings were made and issued: - Pre-War/Paramount - Library of Congress - 1965 CBS Studio Album - Various Live concert recorings

Under each category, I would list the "original" releases. I would then point out that these recordings have been reassembled in various ways and would list some of the compilations.

Feedback to this approach? Aggsl74 (talk) 16:20, 1 April 2016 (UTC)

 * I suggest you liaise with, doyen of blues discographers, who I'm sure has all the relevant information. Ghmyrtle (talk) 16:38, 1 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a good idea. I find the sessionography info useful.  Will it be expanded or changed? —Ojorojo (talk) 13:34, 2 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Of course I know Stefan's collected wealth of information, that would definitely be included. The challenge - as you probably know - is giving a clear overview which versions of for example "Death Letter" exist and when they were recorded. I am thinking about this as a labor of love, so I don't know when I will actually get to it. Aggsl74 (talk) 21:15, 14 April 2016 (UTC)

Grinning in Your Face
The Son House song “Grinning in Your Face” is sampled on Beyoncé’s “Smoke Hour,” an interlude track on Cowboy Carter with different samples that sound like scanning a radio. I was considering adding this to the page but this particular song isn’t mentioned yet, and I wasn’t sure where to add it. Figure I would post here and see if anyone had thoughts or if this seems worth including to others. Klarazim (talk) 19:34, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Son House


text:
French frigate Montcalm

Montcalm was a F70 type anti-submarine frigate of the French Marine Nationale. The French Navy does not use the term "destroyer" for any of its ships; hence some of the larger ships, referred to as "frigates", are registered as destroyers. She was the fourth French vessel named after the 18th century general marquess Louis de Montcalm de Saint Véran.

Operational history
Montcalm was involved in operations off Libya during the 2011 Libyan Civil War. The vessel was used to evacuate French and British citizens from the nation after fighting closed the airports. From 13 to 26 October 2014, the frigate took part in the large international operational exercise Catamaran 2014 that practiced an amphibious assault. Montcalm was decommissioned on 3 July 2017. The hull was then stripped and brought to Brégaillon to await final disposal.

title: French frigate Montcalm


text:
Fuminosato Station

Fuminosato Station (文の里駅) is a metro station on the Osaka Metro Tanimachi Line in Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan. Trains starting from Fuminosato bound for Miyakojima and Dainichi also run.

While situated relatively close to Showacho on the Midosuji Line, there is no free transfer between the two stations.

Layout
This station has an island platform serving two tracks on the second basement.

Establishments around the station

 * Fuminosato Shopping Arcade
 * Okazakiya
 * Momogaike Park

title: Fuminosato Station


text:
User:Infocat

It always strikes me as somewhat odd when I view certain wikipedia articles pertaining to creationism, evolutionism, etc. Many of the articles become simply a "point, counter-point" type of thing, where the two biased people are fighting to get their point of view in. For example, something may end up looking like this:

"Creationism is considered a pseudo-science by many in the scientific community, however, creationists claim that this is so because evolutionists won't let a foot in the door that involves something contrary to their philisophical naturalism, however, evolutionists claim that naturalism is how science operates, however, creationists say naturalism only works with things in the present and not issues like origins of life and things that go far back billions of years, however, evolutionists say that anything supernatural isn't science, so it must not have anything to do with the scientific method, however, creationists say that information which is coded into our DNA must have come from an intelligent source, and whether science can deal with such naturalistically or not is irrelevant to the fact that naturalistically information and complexity cannot arise without intelligence, which in this case would be intelligence of a higher source than humans, i.e., God."

My point is that if people want to debate, go to your favorite message board; there's tons of them. Articles are suppose to be an objective look at the subject, and not simply a bunch of people who have agendas trying to impose their deep bias into the article. I know that it is tough to be completely fair and objective, but please put at least a little more effort into this. Articles are descriptions of the subject, not a rebuttal to what the subject is about!

Just...., keep it in mind.

title: User:Infocat


text: Template:Diving at the Summer Olympics

title: Template:Diving at the Summer Olympics


text:
Non-conventional trademark

A non-conventional trademark, also known as a nontraditional trademark, is any new type of trademark which does not belong to a pre-existing, conventional category of trade mark, and which is often difficult to register, but which may nevertheless fulfill the essential trademark function of uniquely identifying the commercial origin of products or services.

The term is broadly inclusive as it encompasses marks which do not fall into the conventional set of marks (e.g. those consisting of letters, numerals, words, logos, pictures, symbols, or combinations of one or more of these elements), and therefore includes marks based on appearance, shape, sound, smell, taste and texture.

Non-conventional trademarks may therefore be visible signs (e.g. colors, shapes, moving images, holograms, positions), or non-visible signs (e.g. sounds, scents, tastes, textures).

Trends and issues
Certain types of non-conventional trademarks have become more widely accepted in recent times as a result of legislative changes expanding the definition of "trademark". Such developments are the result of international treaties dealing with intellectual property, such as the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, which sets down a standardised, inclusive legal definition. Single colour trademarks, motion trademarks, hologram trademarks, shape trademarks (also known as three-dimensional trademarks or 3D trademarks), and sound trademarks (also known as aural trademarks), are examples of such marks.

In the United Kingdom, colours have been granted trademark protection when used in specific, limited contexts such as packaging or marketing. The particular shade of turquoise used on cans of Heinz baked beans can only be used by the H. J. Heinz Company for that product. In another instance, BP claims the right to use green on signs for petrol stations. In a widely disputed move, Cadbury's (confectioners) has been granted "the colour Purple".

In the United States, it is possible, in some cases, for color alone to function as a trademark. Originally, color was considered not a valid feature to register a trademark Leshen & Sons Rope Co. v. Broderick & Bascom Rope Co., 201 U.S. 166 (1906). Later, with the passage of the Lanham Act the United States Supreme Court in the case of Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co., 514 U.S. 159, 165, 115 S.Ct. 1300, 1304, 131 L.Ed.2d 248 (1995) would rule that under the Lanham Act, subject to the usual conditions, a color is registrable as a trademark.

The right to exclusive use of a specific color as a trademark on packaging has generally been mixed in U.S. court cases. Specific cases denying color protection include royal blue for ice cream packages (AmBrit Inc. v. Kraft, Inc., 812 F.2d 1531 (11th Cir. 1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1041 (1987)); a series of stripes or multiple colors on candy packages (Life Savers v. Curtiss Candy Co., 82 F.2d 4 (7th Cir. 1950)); green for farm implements (Deere & Co. v. Farmhand Inc. (560 F. Supp. 85 (S.D. Iowa 1982) aff'd, 721 F.2d 253 (8th Cir. 1983)); black for motors (Brunswick Corp. v. British Seagull, Ltd., 35 F.3d 1527 (Fed. Cir.), cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 1426 (1994)); and the use of red for one half of a soup can (Campbell Soup Co. v. Armour & Co., 175 F. 2d 795 (Court of App. 3d Cir., 1949)). A successful case granting color protection involved the use of the color red for cans of tile mastic Dap Products, Inc. v. Color Tile Mfg., Inc. 821 F. Supp. 488 (S.D. Ohio 1993), and a green-gold color for dry cleaning pads (Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co., 514 U.S. 159, 165, 115 S.Ct. 1300, 1304, 131 L.Ed.2d 248 (1995)).

Although scent trademarks (also known as olfactory trademarks or smell trademarks), are sometimes specifically mentioned in legislative definitions of "trademark", it is often difficult to register such marks if consistent, non-arbitrary and meaningful graphic representations of the marks cannot be produced. This tends to be an issue with all types of non-conventional trademarks, especially in Europe. United States practice is generally more liberal; a trademark for plumeria scent for sewing thread was registered in 1990. In Europe, a written description, with or without a deposited sample, is not sufficient to allow the mark to be registered, whereas such formalities are acceptable in the United States. However, even in the United States "functional" scents that are inherent in the product itself, such as smell for perfume, are not accepted for registration.

One example of a shape trademark recognized in Europe is the protection granted to Toblerone, a company which manufactures chocolate bars with a distinctive triangular shape.

Presenting further difficulties are entirely new types of marks which, despite growing commercial adoption in the marketplace, are typically very difficult to register, often because they are not formally recognised as a "trademark". Examples of such marks are motion trademarks (also known as animated marks, moving marks, moving image marks or movement marks). Many web browsers feature a moving image mark in the top right hand corner of the browser screen which is visible when the browser is in the process of resolving a website.

Owens-Corning
Owens-Corning was issued a trademark for the color pink used to color its fiberglass batting insulation product. The decision was based upon the fact that the company had been emphasizing the pink color of its insulation for decades, had licensed use of the Pink Panther cartoon character in its ads, the color was a non-functional aspect of the product (fiberglass is normally tan or yellow), and Owens Corning had spent over US$50 million advertising its insulation product. In re Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp., 774 F.2d 1116 (Fed. Cir. 1985).

Sieckmann
In Dr. Ralf Sieckmann vs Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt (case C-273/00), a judgement of the European Court of Justice issued on December 12, 2002, the ECJ held in relation to trademarks in the European Community that:

 * Article 2 of Council Directive 89/104/EEC (of 21 December 1988 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks) must be interpreted as meaning that a trade mark may consist of a sign which is not in itself capable of being perceived visually, provided that it can be represented graphically, particularly by means of images, lines or characters, and that the representation is clear, precise, self-contained, easily accessible, intelligible, durable and objective.
 * In respect of an olfactory sign, the requirements of graphic representability are not satisfied by a chemical formula, by a description in written words, by the deposit of an odour sample or by a combination of those elements.

title: Non-conventional trademark


text:
British Formula 3 International Series

The British Formula Three Championship was an international motor racing series that took place primarily in the United Kingdom with a small number of events in mainland Europe. It was a junior-level feeder formula that used small single seater Formula Three chassis. Its final official title was the Cooper Tires British Formula 3 International Series. Notable former champions included Jackie Stewart, Emerson Fittipaldi, Nelson Piquet, Ayrton Senna, Mika Häkkinen, Rubens Barrichello, Takuma Sato, Daniel Ricciardo and Hélio Castroneves.

History
The first Formula Three championship to take place in the UK was the Autosport F3 championship held in 1951, which was won by Eric Brandon. By 1954, it had evolved into a national-level series and was organised by the British Racing and Sports Car Club (BRSCC). This was the 500cc period of Formula Three, which was active in the UK and other countries until 1959, at which point Formula Three was adapted into Formula Junior. In this period, there were often two or three series running concurrently and a single national series had yet to be firmly established.

The FIA reintroduced Formula Three in 1964 using a one-litre engine formula, and there were two F3 championships held in the UK that year. This was not the last occasion of two or more F3 championships running concurrently in the post-1964 era: from 1970 to 1973, there were three regional series (the Lombard North, John Player, and Forward Trust championships) and there were normally two series between then and 1978, with many drivers running in both. From 1979 onwards, there would be a single championship as the BARC and BRDC combined their series into the Vandervell British F3 Championship, which was later renamed for sponsorship reasons to the Marlboro British F3 Championship and then the Lucas British F3 Championship.

In 1974, the engine capacity was raised to two litres, which remained the engine formula all the way until the championship's demise some 40 years later. In 1984, the series adopted a B class for competitors with older chassis, which helped grid sizes to grow rapidly in the 1980s, renamed in 2000 as the Scholarship class and later the National class. In 2004, the organisation of the series was taken over by SRO, which began to run the series alongside the British GT Championship. Five years later, the series declined an invitation to join the support bill of the British Touring Car Championship, which attracted larger crowds than the British F3/GT meetings run by SRO.

However, rising costs in the late 2000s as a result of the arrival of big-spending engine manufacturers such as Mercedes-Benz and Volkswagen and hosting rounds abroad, combined with the revival of an FIA-backed European Formula 3 Championship in 2012, starved the British series of grid numbers, which were down to the mid-teens by 2012. Facing a shortfall of entries in 2013, the calendar was cut from 10 to just four meetings in a bid to save the series. The following year saw the calendar back up to seven meetings, but grids remained small, with some races attracting as few as five cars. In October 2014, it was announced that the 2014 season would be the final season of the British Formula Three Championship after a planned merger with the German Formula Three Championship fell through.

Equipment
Like most Formula Three championships, competitors in British F3 were permitted to use any eligible chassis, but in practice few competitors deviated from the Dallara after the Italian marque's arrival in 1993. Since then, TOM'S, Mygale and Lola have been among those to take on the might of the Italian marque, largely without success. Prior to Dallara's domination, Ralt and Reynard were the pacesetting chassis, with March being the chassis of choice for much of the 1970s.

Two engine manufacturers – AMG-Mercedes (tuned by H.W.A) and Volkswagen – were represented on a full-time basis at the time of the series' demise. The Mugen-Honda engine (tuned by Neil Brown Engineering) was the dominant powerplant of the 1990s and the early-to-mid 2000s, prior to the arrival of Mercedes in 2006, although other manufacturers, including Toyota, Vauxhall/Opel, Renault and Mitsubishi also enjoyed success in the past.

All entrants in the series had to use control tyres from a single supplier. Since 1982, these were manufactured by Avon Tyres, which from the 2009 season onwards were re-branded as Cooper Tires, as Cooper became the championship's official title sponsor.

title: British Formula 3 International Series


text:
Fascist Legacy

Fascist Legacy is a 1989 BBC documentary TV miniseries about Italian war crimes during World War II. It consists of two parts.

The first part itself consists of two sections and was aired on 1 November 1989, on BBC, under the title A Promise Fulfilled.

Part one
Pietro Badoglio's use of mustard gas and his ordering of bombing of Red Cross-operated hospitals is shown in the first section. The emphasis is placed upon Italian war crimes committed during the Italian invasions of Ethiopia. The Italian revenge massacres after an attempted assassination of the Italian governor of Ethiopia are shown.

Italian war crimes committed against Slovene and Croatian civilians on the Italian-occupied territory of Kingdom of Yugoslavia are shown in the second section of the first part. The Rab concentration camp witnesses and atrocities in the Croatian village of Podhum near Rijeka are shown.

Part two
The second part, called A Pledge Betrayed, aired on 8 November 1989, exposes British (and American) hypocrisy, which prevented extradition of 1,200 Italian war criminals (the most wanted were Pietro Badoglio, Mario Roatta and Rodolfo Graziani), for whom Yugoslavia, Greece and Ethiopia provided full documentation of their crimes.

The documentary's cynical conclusion is Churchill's quote about "the better tomorrow with a new world order."

Historical truth
If Italian officers were prosecuted by the (British controlled) court at all, they were accused only of the death of the British prisoners of war, but not of the death of the civil population in occupied territories. It was on 9 September 1943, the day of Allies' invasion of the Italian mainland, when anti-fascist Nicola Bellomo then commander of the XII MVSN Zone, formed a makeshift Italian force and counterattacked Germans that tried to occupy the port of Bari. In this successful defence action, general Nicola Bellomo was wounded. As an anti-fascist, general Bellomo may have been considered a threat to the Badoglio government. Nicola Bellomo, as a gesture of military honour, preferred not to escape from the prison when the door was intentionally left open, after he was sentenced to death.

Non-prosecution of Italian war criminals
Yugoslavia, Greece and Ethiopia requested extradition of 1,200 Italian war criminals who were however never prosecuted because the British and American governments with the beginning of Cold War saw in Pietro Badoglio a guarantee of an anti-communist post-war Italy.

Italian public media
Italian public television RAI bought a copy of the film but for years it was never shown to an Italian audience because it would have challenged the prevailing view, which focused on the role of the Italian partisans fighting the Germans, and, while pointing at the Foibe massacres, not knowing or refusing to acknowledge Italian war crimes against ethnic Slovene civil population, a view that largely survives to this day, unlike in France where the memory of the French Resistance and that of Vichy France are both known to the public.

After in the 1950s two Italian film-makers were jailed for depicting the Italian invasion of Greece, the Italian public and media were forced into the repression of collective memory, which led to historical amnesia and eventually to historical revisionism.

In 2004 only the Italian private channel La7 has shown large excerpts of "Fascist Legacy". Showings of the documentary were also organized in Italy by groups with an anti-fascist orientation and members of the Slovene minority in Italy.

title: Fascist Legacy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Natural hairstyle

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 09:07, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Natural hairstyle
This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Pointless. Deb 12:53, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. utcursch 12:57, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Provides no added info besides title. Speedy. Mgm|(talk) 13:55, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Gotta love those circular definitions. Nevertheless, Delete. Radiant! 14:02, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I can also see a good case for a speedy delete. Carrp | Talk 14:05, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A deletable article is the article that one naturally deletes. Naturally, I vote to delete this deletable article. Trilobite (Talk) 15:17, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Naturally. HyperZonk 17:12, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete #2 or 4, user test with little or no (i.e. brief and circular) content. Wyss 19:04, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, circular dictionary definition. Megan1967 05:06, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe redirect to Afro? Circa 1970, an "afro" was equally known as a "natural" -- Jmabel | Talk 08:17, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * My natural hairstyle isn't an "afro", so no redirect please. Megan1967 07:26, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks like a speedy delete candidate under several categories, but a redirect to Afro certainly wouldn't hurt. It almost looks like an attempt at a redirect anyway. - Lucky 6.9 18:11, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Barry22

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * If you made IP edits before creating a user account, you can attribute your IP edits to your account at Changing attribution for an edit.

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop a note at New user log.

-- Utcursch | Talk to me

Deletion policy debate
You will see that I have placed a Votes for deletion boilerplate on your article. -- RHaworth 08:26, 2005 Mar 7 (UTC)
 * Do not remove it - if you do I shall seek to have you blocked.
 * Please, please discuss on the deletion policy page what Vandenbr, Caltox, Barry22 and Y.bata are doing. Sign your comments with ~.

Images
It seems you didn't bother to pay much attention to the upload page when you uploaded all these images:

 * Image:SRDvLRDautocorrelation.gif
 * Image:Self-similar ethernet traffic.jpg
 * Image:SRDvLRDautocovariance.jpg
 * Image:SRDvLRDdisttailcomp.gif
 * Image:SRDvLRDcdf.jpg
 * Image:SRDvLRDqueuesize.jpg
 * Image:Artificial WWW.jpg
 * Image:Artificial ethernet.jpg
 * Image:Real ethernet.jpg
 * Image:Real WWW.jpg

Please read Uploading images and Image use policy, and then choose an appropriate tag from Image copyright tags. Please be aware that you're creating a lot of work for everyone who has to go round cleaning up after you. — Trilobite (Talk) 14:04, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Barry22


text:
Talk:Fascist Legacy

Untitled
I saw the documentary two days ago so I know what I'm writing about. I just missed the final part with "technical details" (director etc.) and I feel rather lost at BBC's side. Can somebody tell me, who at BBC to ask about those details?

I will also provide some links ASAP

Does anybody know how to obtain the film? --128.176.231.100 10:50, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fascist Legacy


text:
French frigate Primauguet

Primauguet was a F70 type anti-submarine frigate of the French Marine Nationale. She was the sixth French vessel named after the 15th century captain Hervé de Portzmoguer. She was one of the seven anti-submarine frigates made of the same class as the french frigate Latouche-Tréville She was decommissioned in April 2019. Note: The French navy doesn't use the term "destroyer" for its ships; hence some large ships, referred to as "frigates", are registered as destroyers.

title: French frigate Primauguet


text:
Palladium-hydrogen electrode

The palladium-hydrogen electrode (abbreviation: Pd/H2) is one of the common reference electrodes used in electrochemical study. Most of its characteristics are similar to the standard hydrogen electrode (with platinum). But palladium has one significant feature—the capability to absorb (dissolve into itself) molecular hydrogen.

Electrode operation
Two phases can coexist in palladium when hydrogen is absorbed:
 * alpha-phase at hydrogen concentration less than 0.025 atoms per atom of palladium
 * beta-phase at hydrogen concentration corresponding to the non-stoichiometric formula PdH0.6

The electrochemical behaviour of a palladium electrode in equilibrium with H3O+ ions in solution parallels the behaviour of palladium with molecular hydrogen

 * $$\tfrac{1}{2} \mathrm{H}_2 = \mathrm{H}_{ads} = \mathrm{H}_{abs}$$

Thus the equilibrium is controlled in one case by the partial pressure or fugacity of molecular hydrogen and in other case—by activity of H+-ions in solution.

 * $$E=E^0 + {RT \over F}\ln {a_{\mathrm{H}^+} \over (\frac{p_{\mathrm{H}2}}{p^0})^{1/2}}$$

When palladium is electrochemically charged by hydrogen, the existence of two phases is manifested by a constant potential of approximately +50 mV compared to the reversible hydrogen electrode. This potential is independent of the amount of hydrogen absorbed over a wide range. This property has been utilized in the construction of a palladium/hydrogen reference electrode. The main feature of such electrode is an absence of non-stop bubbling of molecular hydrogen through the solution as it is absolutely necessary for the standard hydrogen electrode.

title: Palladium-hydrogen electrode


text:
Fernanda Tavares

Fernanda Tavares (born September 22, 1980) is a Brazilian model.

Biography
Born in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, Tavares was appearing in local shows at the age of nine, and at just 13 she won the "Elite Look of the Year" contest. A year later, she was invited by agents to go to São Paulo to pursue a modeling career. In 1998, at the age of 17, she was already appearing on the covers of fashion magazines – L'Officiel Paris, Deutsch and U.S. Marie Claire and Vogue Paris – having signed up with the Marilyn Modeling Agency in both New York City and Paris. She would later go on to appear in numerous other popular magazines, including ELLE, Cosmopolitan, Allure, and the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue.

Since 1998, Tavares has walked for many notable designers, including Chanel, Emanuel Ungaro, Versace, Blumarine, Chloé, Christian Lacroix, Prada, Salvatore Ferragamo, Valentino, John Galliano, Sonia Rykiel, Yohji Yamamoto, Hervé Léger, Missoni, and Gap. Tavares has helped promote brands like Versace, Chloé, Giorgio Armani, Dolce & Gabbana, Louis Vuitton, Mano, Nine West, Zoomp, and was a top figure in the Ralph Lauren Spring 2000 collection. She signed a $1.3 million deal with perfume company Guerlain and has appeared in the Victoria's Secret catalogs and their 2000 fashion show in Cannes as well as their 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2005 fashion shows. She has also appeared in anti-fur advertisements for animal rights group PETA.

Tavares hosts Missão MTV, a show modeled after Queer Eye for the Straight Guy that airs on MTV Brasil.

She also enjoys swimming and jogging and she is good friends with fellow Brazilian model, Gisele Bündchen.

She is regarded as the one of many top Brazilian supermodels of the 2000s.

Personal life
She is married to Brazilian actor Murilo Rosa and they have two sons.

title: Fernanda Tavares


text: Template:Volleyball at the Summer Olympics


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Black Cat Bone

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 09:06, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Black Cat Bone
Band vanity, notability not established. Radiant! 13:03, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete Kevin Rector 14:16, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trilobite (Talk) 15:15, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity. Wyss 19:02, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, band vanity. Megan1967 02:17, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and I'm surprised there isn't an article about the hoodoo charm. I got a black cat bone. Rhobite 02:22, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Scarriff

Scarriff or Scariff is a large village in east County Clare, Ireland, situated in the midwest of Ireland. The town is on the West end of Lough Derg and is best known for its harbour. The Scarriff Market House is easily recognisable, and it is therefore often used to represent the town.

Location
The name "Scarriff" comes from the Irish "scarbh", which may mean either a shallow, a rocky shore or a rough ford. All of these are appropriate to the early town, which lies at a crossing on the River Graney upstream from its mouth on Lough Derg. In 1831 the town of Scarriff had 120 houses, as well as oil and flour mills. There was one main street running up from the river. The small market town is popular with anglers who fish the Graney, the Shannon and Lough O'Grady, which is two miles west of the town. The town of Scariff is in the Catholic parish of Scariff and Moynoe. Parish churches are the Sacred Heart in Scariff and St Mary's in Clonusker. Scarriff is on the route of the East Clare Way, walking trail. Tuamgraney and Inis Cealtra are nearby.

History
Little is known of the Scariff area in pre-Christian times. However, the presence of the remains of a wedge tomb at Cappabane tells us that the area has been inhabited for at least 4,000 years.

The name Scariff is derived from the Gaelic "Scairbh" which means a rocky ford or crossing place. Long before the present town came into being the area was of great strategic importance to those who held the territory about and to those who sought to hold it - the presence of the great river Shannon on the one hand and the mountainous terrain on the other rendered this Scairbh a most important crossing point on a journey north or south. The National School about a minute away from the town centre is the school for nearly all the children in the parish. The Camogie and Hurling teams are hugely successful with both getting to the semi-finals of the Feile Na nGael.

The name Scariff is first mentioned in 1315 in connection with a battle fought there during the civil wars of the period. The chipboard factory now occupies the site of the conflict. By the end of the fourteenth century, the Scariff area was under the control of the O'Grady clan. To maintain their dominance three castles or fortified houses were built, one at Tuamgraney (which still stands), one near the bridge at the Scairbh which no longer exists and a third, smaller building, at Moynoe. The earliest account of Scariff castle is from 1564.

In 1633 Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, bought ten quarters of land north of the Graney River, including the castle and ironworks of Scarriff. These lands were combined with the old Moynoe parish to form the Scariff parish. Today Scariff and Moynoe is a parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe. Scariff as a town developed around the castle and its growth was helped by the presence of a smelting furnace which operated there. It is shown on a map of the Down survey in 1655. The town grew gradually in the following centuries, its fortunes generally in line with those of the country as a whole. In penal times Mass was celebrated at the Mass Rock at Cappabane.

Scariff suffered greatly during the Famine in the 19th century. A workhouse was built in 1841 at Drewsboro to provide some relief for the poor, and was opened in May 1842 to accommodate 600 persons. After the famine started in 1845 starving and destitute locals flocked to the workhouse. By 1846 the local graveyard was full with inmates from the workhouse and a new graveyard had to be opened outside Tuamgraney. The following year the workhouse ran out of food, water and clothing for the inmates, who were dying from fever and starvation at the rate of a dozen a day, along with those who were caring for them. The matron, her children and the parish priest, among other carers, died of fever. Even after the famine passed, in 1851, the workhouse had 3,212 inmates. The population in the Workhouse Union district in 1851 was reduced during the famine by more than 50% to 23,057. The East Clare Brigade of the IRA burned the remains of the workhouse down in 1921.

The 20th century however saw the town begin to prosper. New roads were built. It had a bank, a police station, flour mills and a Market House reflecting its growing importance as a market town. As well as improved road connections, the Dock provided vital trade links and Scariff enjoyed its position as the business centre of north-east Clare. Two of the more prominent buildings - the workhouse and the police station - were destroyed in the War of Independence. A large chipboard factory can now be found in Scarriff, but the town no longer has a bakery and the dock no longer operates as in former times. Its role now as a stopping point for pleasure crafts is perhaps indicative of the possibilities which exist for Scariff as a tourist centre.

Scariff is unique in that much of the town is situated across the river Graney in the neighboring parish of Bodyke, which sometimes is confused for the nearby Tuamgraney.

Education
At primary level, the area is served by Scariff National School. The local secondary school is Scariff Community College.

Facilities
Scariff acts as the local shopping centre and has several shops, bars and food outlets. There is also a station of the Garda Síochána. The Irish Seed Savers Association is located nearby.

Festivals

There are a number of festivals and shows in Scarriff every year, including the Scariff Show (started in 1944), the Scariff Harbour Festival (started in 2003), and the Clare Drama Festival (started in 1947).

Notable people

 * Sir Reginald Hart, British Army General and Victoria Cross recipient
 * Sarah McTernan, musical artist, represented Ireland at the Eurovision Song Contest 2019
 * Eugene Nugent, Roman Catholic prelate and nuncio, born in Gurtaderra

title: Scarriff


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bonaventure Kalou

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Joyous 20:25, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

Bonaventure Kalou
Player for a local Dutch soccer team. Notability not established. Possibly transwiki to Dutch wikipedia. Radiant! 13:06, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * The local Dutch soccer team is Feyenoord. Keep. Kappa 13:39, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't care for football, but the team is obviously a major one, and I believe there is some kind of consensus here that professional sportspeople are inherently notable, as uninteresting as most of them are. / u p p l a n d 13:48, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Am Dutch. Don't care much for it either, but Feyenoord is indeed a notable club, so its players may have articles here as well. Keep. Mgm|(talk) 13:57, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Do you know anything about football my friend? Feyenoord is hardly a non-notable local team. Trilobite (Talk) 15:18, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I know Feyenoord is notable, I just wasn't sure about the individual players (hence the suggestion of moving to nl.wikipedia. on second thought, anything that's valid in any wikipedia, is probably valid in all of them). Radiant! 15:30, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I consider any professional footballer encyclopedia-worthy. Xezbeth  16:38, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep obviously. Grue 18:11, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Professional sports players are not inherently notable. Wile E. Heresiarch 07:21, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, obviously - David Gerard 23:11, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

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text: Template:Handball at the Summer Olympics


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bramhall Rangers

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 09:09, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Bramhall Rangers
Football team vanity. Notability not established, heavy POV, literal transcription of match commentary, and list of local buzzwords. Radiant! 13:08, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Kevin Rector 14:15, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trilobite (Talk) 15:18, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, prankish, beery vanity. Wyss 19:01, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV, possible vanity. Megan1967 05:08, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * B'ah Humbug, Boring deletion squad! There's obviously no place in this big wide world for such a small club.. We shall bow out with pride. You may have taken our wiki, but you'll never take our Blog!!!
 * Don't Delete We still have oour blog, but leave us our little place on the web!

Ha, I edited the page! Up yours! Stick it to the man!


text:
French frigate Latouche-Tréville

Latouche-Tréville was a F70 type anti-submarine destroyer of the French Navy (Marine Nationale).

The French Navy does not use the term "destroyer" for its ships. Thus, some large ships, referred to as "frégates" in French, are registered as destroyers. And additionally, some minor ships, referred to as "avisos" in French, are registered as frigates.

She was the third French vessel named after the 18-19th century politician and admiral Louis-René Levassor de Latouche Tréville.

Service history
In November 2006 and again in June 2010, Latouche-Tréville visited London on diplomatic duties, and was moored alongside the Second World War cruiser, HMS Belfast (C35).

In mid 2009, she was filmed in stormy seas as part of the documentary Oceans. In late 2009, while attached to an international force of NATO vessels, Latouche-Tréville visited Portsmouth Naval Base in the United Kingdom with vessels of the Dutch, Norwegian, Spanish and Turkish navies.

On 15 October 2012, the frigate was moored at Leith Docks in Scotland.

On 18 April 2015, she escorted a replica of the 18th century sailing ship FRENCH FRIGATE Hermione as it departed La Rochelle, France on her maiden voyage across the Atlantic to Yorktown, Virginia in the United States. Latouche-Tréville returned to Brest with the ship on 10 August. In May, Latouche-Tréville was among a dozen surface vessels and four submarines that took part in NATO's annual "Dynamic Mongoose" military exercise. Amid rising tensions with Russia, the two-week event in Norwegian waters saw ships under NATO command conducting a variety of anti-submarine warfare operations. On 4 June, she was moored again at Leith Docks in Scotland.

On 9 January 2020, the vessel suffered damage in a storm soon after departing from Brest, and returned to port the next day with her top mast missing. The incident also destroyed an electronic warfare pod and damaged the starboard SYRACUSE system. As of 2020, with the retirement of her sister ship FRENCH FRIGATE La Motte-Picquet, Latouche-Tréville was the last vessel of her class in service.

In March 2022, the frigate deployed to the Baltic Sea for exercises with other NATO navies. On the deployment the ship embarked an older Alouette III helicopter. She returned to Brest in June 2022.

The frigate was withdrawn from service on 1 July 2022.

title: French frigate Latouche-Tréville


text:
File:WorldLeagueLogo.png

Summary
Volleyball World League Logo

title: File:WorldLeagueLogo.png


text:
Talk:Decompilation

Decompilation also might not be software decompilation

We can also write about .NET, Java, AutoLISP decompilation. --Yonkie 13:13, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Also good link to insert: http://www.debugmode.com/dcompile/ - Agreed about the link; next edit.

"Decompilation might not be software decompilation"... how? I can't think of any example. To me, compilation is a software only thing (though I suppose you can compile a list of groceries... can you decompile that list? Doesn't make sense to me).

.NET and Java decompilation are mentioned: "virtual machine (e.g. Java byte-codes)". Is there something special about autoLISP that indicates a special mention?

--Mike Van Emmerik 11:54, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

- Concerning the merge: it seems like a good idea, but perhaps we should retain a redirect or a very short article for decompilation (similar to disassembly) where it defines the term as the output of a decompiler, or the process of generating that output (running the decompiler and possibly interacting with it).

Then just "See also decompiler" or "For the main article, see decompiler". I'm happy to do the merge in the next few days. --Mike Van Emmerik 3 July 2005 12:42 (UTC)

title: Talk:Decompilation


text:
Biotheology

Biotheology is the synthetic application of understanding of biology to the understanding of God, synthesizing modern biology and traditional religious doctrines.

Scripturally, Biotheology is motivated by, amongst other things, Saint Paul's exposition of the Church as the Body of Christ, likening its form and functions to the form and functions of the human body (1 Cor. 12:12-17), his remarks in Romans (Ro. 1:20), and Jesus' many parables concerning nature.

A key concept is the thought that the Kingdom of God may be understood as an integral part of evolution. Areas of research include questions of the establishment and maintenance of order, of the relationship between spirit and emergence, and of the relationship between sin and natural selection.

title: Biotheology


text:
User talk:Gbevin

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

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I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop a note at New user log.

-- Utcursch | Talk to me

RIFE article
Hi Gbevin,

Thanks for the note regarding this article. I sent an email requesting confirmation to http://rife.tigris.org/ and will restore the article as soon as you answer. -Duk 01:53, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Rife-logo.png
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 05:07, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of RIFE

The article RIFE has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Not notable. There are no independent sources"

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You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

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''' This bot DID NOT nominate any of your contributions for deletion; please refer to the history of each individual page for details. ''' Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 10:01, 18 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gbevin


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bill Perkins

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 09:12, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Bill Perkins
Not sure what to do with this... disambig page of six people named Bill Perkins, most of which aren't particularly notable. All of them link to some external site, none to an internal. Possible advertisement for the sixth, who runs a furniture business. Radiant! 13:15, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * I have nothing against disambiguation, but we should have at least external links to articles about these people. Delete unless dab is actually needed. Mgm|(talk) 13:59, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Kevin Rector 14:14, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trilobite (Talk) 15:18, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this is a stealth ad for one of them. Wyss 19:00, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not a very helpful disambiguation page, possible stealth vanity. Megan1967 05:11, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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Lonsdale College, Lancaster

Lonsdale College is a constituent college of Lancaster University. It was one of the two founding colleges, originally built when the university first opened in 1964. It is also one of the largest colleges on campus in terms of Junior Common Room membership, with over 1,400 undergraduates. Like most other colleges in the university, the college is named after a region of the traditional county of Lancashire. The college takes its name from the Lonsdale area, the valley of the River Lune. The college is not to be confused with Lonsdale College, Oxford which is attended by Inspector Morse in the novels by Colin Dexter. Members of Lonsdale are referred to as Lonsdelians.

History
The college was originally located in what is now Bowland North to the north of Alexandra Square. The college was designed in tandem with Bowland and was in fact designed as a mirror image of it.

In 2004 the college moved, along with Cartmel College to some of the newly built buildings to the south of the main campus in Alexandra Park. Its original buildings were transferred to the other founding college, Bowland, and became known as Bowland North.

Facilities
Lonsdale College has a bar called The Red Lion, a computer lab, a study room, and a launderette.

Residences
Just over half of the college's students live in college at any one time. Other Lonsdale students live in Lancaster city centre. The residential buildings housing the college's entirely en-suite accommodation are named after places in the Lonsdale area. Residential buildings are reallocated from year to year for administrative convenience so which are Lonsdelian ones is subject to change each year.

Governance
The college is established under the statutes of the university. Internally, the key committee which runs the college is the College Syndicate.

The current acting principal is Sherry Currington, who is also the dean.

Current student President is George Nagle, and student Vice-President is Nathan Mooney, as of 2023.

College symbols
The college logo features an heraldic "leopard", the name given in heraldry to a lion "passant guardant" i.e. walking from right to left with face turned towards the viewer.

Junior Common Room
The Junior Common Room consists of all Lonsdelian undergraduates. The term JCR is often used in reference to the junior common room's elected executive committee. The executive committee undertake a variety of tasks, ranging from organising social events to co-ordinating sports, producing publicity and offering an education and welfare service.

Social Events
Lonsdale College supports academic study, providing facilities including a quiet study room and a computer room. Sport is central to college life, with a number of successful college sports teams, including football, netball and bar sports, consisting of both men's and women's darts and pool teams, as well as a unisex dominos team. Both the first and second Lonsdale Football teams won their respective collegiate leagues in 2017/18. Lonsdale was the first winner of the inter-college Rugby sevens cup in 1969. It continues this success in the annual Founders sports competition against Bowland College, and in the Carter Shield competitions. Students can use the Senior Common Room for music practice, and a number of clubs and societies regularly meet in the college. Lonsdale College also has a long-standing reputation for holding some of the best attended social events on campus.

Notable alumni

 * Joseph Delaney, Writer
 * Robert Fisk, Middle East correspondent, The Independent
 * Joan Humble, Former MP for Blackpool North & Fleetwood
 * Colin Pickthall, Former MP for Lancashire West
 * Peter Whalley, Writer
 * Helen Southworth, Former MP for Warrington South
 * Piri, Musician

title: Lonsdale College, Lancaster


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Binet usa

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Page has been moved to BiNet USA. Joyous 20:28, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

Binet usa
Someone please verify the importance thereof? Could be vanity, or could be a useful program. Radiant! 13:15, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless someone comes up with more info or verification. Kevin Rector 14:13, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trilobite (Talk) 15:18, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Thoughts from inside the LGBT community: this organization has been around for awhile, despite its rather small size. The lack of attention, membership, and funding is probably due to the fact that the bisexual community is the poor bastard child of the gay rights community -- that is, they get respect neither from the straight community nor from the gay community -- for various reasons. Ergo, their size and reach as determined by Google and Alexa (admittedly low) is not necessarily reflective of their notability, longevity, and importance. HyperZonk 17:10, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think you may be right. I was inclined to delete when I saw it because it seemed to be little more than a spam link, probably created by someone from the organisation in order to promote it, rather than a third party writing objectively about it. I've turned it into a properly formatted stub and changed my vote to Keep. I agree with your comments about the bisexual community. — Trilobite (Talk) 17:48, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep it, Wyss 18:58, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Went to one of their meetings once several years ago before I knew what was what.  Tends to attract an odd crowd, but definitely known in the GLBT community. Katefan0 22:09, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The above comments lead me to believe it's notable enough for inclusion. Carrp | Talk 22:13, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, yes bisexuals are often accused of being unfaithful fence-sitters. Article name should be changed to BiNet USA. Megan1967 05:16, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. And, yes, article name should be changed to BiNet USA. -- Jmabel | Talk 08:19, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with Jmabel on the name change. It's such a ubiquitous abbreviation that I almost passed right over it in its current form on the VfD page. Katefan0 20:08, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

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