text: User talk:80.118.233.252

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:80.118.233.252


text: Category:High schools in Maine

title: Category:High schools in Maine


text: User talk:195.194.75.225

title: User talk:195.194.75.225


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Early Music Ensembles

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Keep. Rje 23:55, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

List of Early Music Ensembles
"Early" relative to what? What qualifies as an "ensemble"? Current list seems awfully honky-centric. I'm not anti-list, but this topic seems better served by the Music in [year/decade] series. Also title is improperly capitalized. Niteowlneils 17:04, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I withdraw deletion nomination, but at a minimum it needs serious {cleanup} (and a proper title and de-orphaning and linking to Early music). A list with no context/definition other than a term that's probably unknown to 90% of the global population isn't very helpful. Niteowlneils 19:09, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Why nominate a page for deletion only to remove it two hours later! This is another example of the misuse of VfD - obviously good/useful articles (as reflected by every vote being a keep). Obvious keep --Oldak Quill 09:16, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Early music is what it's generally called. These ensembles are contemporary ensembles playing music that is in the genre. How can you detect the honkitude of the names of the ensembles on this list, anyway? And what difference does it make? (Note: there are a fair number of people of Asian ancestry playing early music; do they count as non-honkies?) Research a bit more before vfding, please. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 18:17, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. An "early music ensemble" is one that specializes in music of the European classical tradition from the Baroque era and before; the term is in common usage.  It's a pretty good start on the list, though some of the most famous ones are missing.  Also some of the groups on this list cross over into folk music, and perhaps a few other styles (for example, the Baltimore Consort).  Some day this subject will be covered by a category as well.  Please google "early music ensemble" (26,400 hits).  Antandrus 18:31, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It would have been nice if the article mentioned any of that, and wasn't an orphan. Niteowlneils 18:46, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I just added a few words to the top of the article; hope that helps for now. Antandrus 19:05, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Great--helps a lot--thanks. My dad was a public school music teacher for ~30 years, so I guess I assumed (incorrectly, obviously) that any common music jargon would at least 'ring a bell' for me. Niteowlneils
 * But it's not uncommon for lists not to provide any context other than their title. Perhaps clicking on a few of the entries on the list might have provided all the necessary context? --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 19:18, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * None of the first three mention "early music", and the fourth needs to be dabbed, as it doesn't even refer to an ensemble. Niteowlneils 19:25, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and improve per jpgordon and Antandrus. Samaritan 18:50, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and allow for organic growth. What exactly is "honky-centric" and "honkitude"???  GRider\talk 19:27, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * moved to correct title. Gazpacho
 * Keep. I'm assuming this is some sort attempted joke VFD.--Centauri 21:52, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I think I've made it quite clear above that it was an honest mistake, that I've withdrawn. It happened to be my 15,000th edit--I would think that would allow people to cut me some slack for making a mistake. I will never understand why some VfD voters routinely violate official Wikipedia policy (No personal attacks), as well as semi-policy (Assume good faith). Niteowlneils 22:56, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a bit rich to claim that listing something on VFD using perjorative terms like "honky" without first bothering to spend 30 seconds checking on Google for actual notability is an "honest mistake", but I'm prepared to give you the benefit of the doubt this time round. Concerning editors who regularly violate policy, perhaps you should discuss the matter with them in the first instance.--Centauri 00:39, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem from me; it was clearly a good-faith addition to VfD. I'll try to make the article better later (can't now, at work)  Best regards, Antandrus 23:17, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: This is the second time this week that I've seen you insult somebody out of the blue for making a VfD nomination you disagreed with, Centauri.   — Gwalla | Talk 05:17, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Spinboy 00:06, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Should not have been nominated. A thoughtless waste of other users time. Philip 01:07, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I must note that is disheartening to see rude and thoughtless comments directed to an editor who made an honest mistake.  No harm is done in listing an article on vfd, but much harm is done to civility and a sense of community when we attack someone for such a minor mistake. Gamaliel 03:29, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It isn't a minor mistake to nominate an article which isn't patent nonsense without doing any research. A google search is all that is required. Spurious listings on vfd are harmful on two counts: timewasting, and more importantly that they are a slap in the face to honest contributors and a threat to the ability of Wikipedia to retain editors. There are several cautions against hasty nominations on the guidance pages. Philip 04:55, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * There are many other things which waste far much more time than the occassional mistaken listing, like vanity pages which unfortunately can't be speedied. I don't see why some people stubbornly refuse to cut our fellow contributors some slack in cases like this, especially when they acknowledge it was an honest mistake. Rude responses to minor mistakes and refusal to assume good faith are far more of a "slap in the face to honest contributors" and much more of a "threat to the ability of Wikipedia to retain editors" than a harmless and quickly forgotten vfd listing. Gamaliel 05:59, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It would be a far better idea for all editors to avoid using VFD to list articles about which they obviously know nothing. VFD is not a sandpit for the ignorant.--Centauri 07:38, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * (Personal attack removed) Gamaliel 17:27, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Whatever, I'm not going to continue an edit war over this nonsense. Apparently here calling people ignorant is okay but pointing out that it's rude to call people ignorant is a "personal attack". Gamaliel 22:24, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Read the policy. --Centauri 22:26, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Just as soon as you read Civility and Wikietiquette. Gamaliel 22:39, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Keep. While I am generally an inclusionist, I don't believe in attacking people who nominate articles for deletion. It gives us the opportunity to sort the wheat from the chaff. However, the use of the word honky in the nomination was a mistake. I would plead with everyone to maintain Wikiquette in the discussions.Capitalistroadster 09:23, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Y'know, I started the snarkiness here in the very first response up above. Sorry, everyone. I'll try to mind my manners more carefully. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 07:07, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Perrin pseudoprime

The page had this

 * though it is known that for n = 1 to 1000,000 there are only two composite values of n for which n divides P(n)

which I have removed in the light of this:
 * This statement "though it is known that for n = 1 to 1000,000 there are only two composite values of n for which n divides P(n)" is wrong.

Charles Matthews 17:04, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Perrin pseudoprime


text:
User talk:NattyBumppo

Hello from Tom
Hey Nathaniel,

I don't know if you remember me, I was roommates with Bobby and Kartik last year, and I worked at UIS while you were abroad in Japan.

Just saying hello.

Tom

User page categorization
Hi, NattyBumppo!

Just wanted to let you know that your name was removed from the Wikipedians/Kentucky subpage as it is going away with the new User Categorization scheme--but I didn't know if you wanted your user page categorized as Kentucky or District of Columbia. When you have a moment, could you please add or  to your User page? Or both? :-) Thanks!!   Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 20:08, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:NattyBumppo


text:
Juliet Roberts

Juliet Roberts (born 6 May 1962) is a British jazz, rock, soul and house music singer of Grenadian descent.

Career
Roberts was born in London, England. She originally recorded as Julie Roberts in 1982, and performed on the 1983 top 10 hit single "It's Over" by Funk Masters. In July 1983, she released the single "Fool for You" backed with "It's Been a Long, Long Time" on the Bluebird Records label, catalogue reference BRT3. The single peaked at No. 77 on the Gallup chart, week ending 20 August 1983.

In 1984, Roberts began a four-year stint as vocalist for the jazz group Working Week. She also released another single on Bluebird, "The Old Rugged Cross" b/w "I'm So Glad". In 1986, she released "Ain't You Had Enough Love", which was covered by Phyllis Hyman the following year. in 1986, Roberts also presented Channel 4's Solid Soul programme with Chris Forbes.

In 1990, she provided backing vocals on Cathy Dennis's Move to This album, as well as on Breathe's album Peace of Mind.

Roberts collaborated with British house group L.A. Mix on their two albums, On the Side and Coming Back for More in 1989 and 1990 respectively. She appears on several tracks, among them the single "We Shouldn't Hold Hands in the Dark", which reached No. 69 in the UK Singles Chart in 1991. The mastermind behind L.A. Mix was British DJ, producer and songwriter Les Adams.

In 1992, Roberts provided backing vocals on Dannii Minogue's single "Love's on Every Corner" (which was written by Cathy Dennis, and produced by Danny D, a.k.a. D Mob). Roberts' next release was in 1993 as a dance music artist, with the hit single "I Want You": A number one on the US dance charts and No. 44 U.S. Billboard Hot 100) and the house music offering, "Caught in the Middle", which also went to number one on the dance chart. An album, Natural Thing, followed in 1994. Roberts has also taught British television viewers vocal performance basics on the UK's Rockschool TV series. In addition to her solo and musical ensemble projects, she is in demand as a backing vocalist. Since 1997, she has had three UK top 20 hits: "So Good", "Bad Girls" and "Needin U II".

title: Juliet Roberts


text:
Koraput district

Koraput district is a district of India in southern Odisha, with headquarters at Koraput. The district is located in the Eastern Ghats and is known for its hilly terrain, rich and diverse types of mineral deposits and its tribal culture and traditions. The district headquarters town of Koraput and its largest city, Jeypore are major centres of trade and commerce for South Odisha and fall on an important road connecting Visakhapatnam to Raipur.

Etymology
The district of Koraput derives its name from its headquarters, the present town of Koraput. According to Mr. R.C.S. Bell, the name of the town is Kora-Putti or “the hamlet of the Nux-vomica".

Some opine that the word is derived from "Khora," a tribal people who still inhabit nearby villages. According to the second theory, Koraput is a corrupted form of ‘Karaka-Pentho’. Karaka literally means ‘hail-stone’. Another opinion is often found that the term Kora was the name of a Sun God who was worshipped by the local tribals in ancient times. Hence the town was so named.

It is also believed that one ‘Khora Naiko’ laid foundation of the village during the time of Nandapur kings. He hailed probably from Ranpur and served under the Nandapur kings in the Militia, and for his faithful and meritorious services he was permitted to establish this village which was named after him as Khora Putu, and later on the name has been abbreviated to ‘Koraput.

Geography
Koraput district is located between 18 degree 13’ and 19 degree 10’ North Latitudes and 82 degree 5’ and 83 degree 23’ East Longitudes. It shares its borders with Rayagada District, Nabarangpur district ,Kalanhandi district on the north, with Bastar district of Chhattisgarh on the west, with Malkangiri District on the south and with Alluri Sitharama Raju and Parvathipuram Manyam districts of Andhra Pradesh on the east. Its area is 8,807 km2, making it the third largest district of Odisha after Mayurbhanj and Sundargarh. About twenty one villages in the Kotia Gram Panchayat are the subject of a long pending territorial dispute with the State of Andhra Pradesh.

History
The early history of the district is obscure owing to the absence of written records. Its location in the hills, isolation from means of communication and the dense forests all around served to keep the district politically separate from the nearby plains on both sides. The earliest event that can be fixed with certainty is the acquisition of the tract by the Kingdom of Jeypore sometime in the 15th century. Before this, it was probably ruled by the Silavamsi Dynasty. Ruins of 10th century Jain temples in the district point to a presence of that sect as well. The Jeypore Rajas became tributaries to the Qutb Shahi Dynasty of Hyderabad by 1580. This suzerainty later passed to the Mughals, the Nizam of Hyderabad and finally descended to the East India Company when the Northern Circars were ceded to them by Emperor Shah Alam in 1765.

After cession, the district formed a part of the Madras Presidency but was largely left in the hands of the local Zamindars owing to its remote location. For administrative purposes, the entire area from the foothills of the Eastern Ghats to the boundaries of Bastar State was added to the Visakhapatnam District. This included the present day Rayagada, Malkangiri and Nabarangpur districts as well. The Collector of the District functioned in an additional capacity as Agent to the Governor of Madras in this area and exercised significant powers of criminal justice, revenue and civil law. The usual Civil and Criminal procedure codes of British India were not applied and the tract was known as the Agency. In 1863, two Assistant Agents were appointed at Jeypore and Parvatipuram to aid the Agent in his duties.

Except for a short-lived experiment of clubbing Agency areas of Ganjam, East Godavari District and Vishakhapatnam under a Commissioner in 1920, the administrative system remained unchanged till 1 April 1936 when almost all of the Agency areas of Vishakhapatnam District along with the associated zamindaris were clubbed together to form the undivided Koraput District. The district, along with Sambalpur District and the coastal districts of Ganjam, Balasore, Puri, Cuttack and Angul together constituted a new Orissa Province of British India. It was the first linguistic province of India and Koraput became its largest district in size. A District Magistrate was appointed who was assisted by two Sub Divisional Magistrates at Rayagada and the headquarters. The district had a total of 8 Talukas - later replaced by Tahsils and Blocks. Nabarangpur subdivision was created in 1941, followed by Gunupur and Malkangiri subdivisions in 1962 and Jeypore some years later. Finally, the district was divided into four new districts in 1992 - the Jeypore and Koraput subdivisions together constituted the new truncated district of Koraput.

The district was severely affected by Naxalism after 2000, though instances of violence have come down after 2014. It is currently a part of the Red Corridor and has extensive deployment of police and paramilitary forces at sensitive places.

Geography and Climate
Koraput comes under the Eastern Ghat Highland Agro climatic Zone. It is composed of two separate plateaus at an average elevation of 3000 and 2000 feet respectively which are separated from each other and the surrounding plains by a ring of hills.

The 3000 feet plateau forms the boundary of the district with Andhra Pradesh and part of Rayagada district. A line of hills marks its outer boundary to the east reaching a height of 5486 feet at Deomali, the highest peak of Odisha, near Pottangi and 5316 feet at Sinkaram Gutta near Araku on the Andhra Pradesh border. Most of the hills have been denuded of forests due to generations of shifting cultivation and lack any major wildlife. The rainfall averages approximately 160 cm and falls in the Monsoon months of July–August. The plateau itself is marked by undulating hills and valleys through which numerous streams run down to join the Indravati to the north and the tributaries of the Godavari to the south. Most of the land is given over to the cultivation of paddy, ragi and flax. Narayanapatna and Bandhugaon blocks of the district are located before the ring of hills as noted above and geographically form a part of the Nagavali River valley, being located at a significantly lower altitude. The district headquarter town of Koraput is located on this plateau, as are most of the industrial areas of the district.

The Jeypore subdivision is a part of the 2000 feet plateau and forms approximately the western third of the district. It is divided from the 3000 feet plateau by a range of hills that runs from the Malkangiri border to the Indravati river. Low hills, some of them reaching to about 3000 feet mark this plateau. They are occasionally covered with jungle but most of the land is given over to paddy cultivation. The plateau gradually slopes west towards Bastar and falls through another ring of hills to the lower plains of Malkangiri to the south. The rainfall is slightly higher and averages about 190 cm annually.

The district overall has a warm and humid type of climate, though significantly more pleasant than the rest of Odisha. Mean Maximum summer temperature is 34.1 C and Mean Minimum Winter temperature is 10.4 C. The temperature on the 3000 feet plateau is often much lower and can approach close to freezing during peak winter at certain places.

Three large rivers flow through Koraput district. The Indravati rises in Kalahandi District and is dammed immediately afterwards, forming a large reservoir - the backwaters of which have cut off certain villages in Dasmantapur Block of Koraput. The river then forms the boundary between Koraput and Nabarangpur district throughout before entering Chhattisgarh near Nagarnar, slightly north of the main Jeypore-Jagdalpur road.

The Kolab River (known as the Sabari River in its later course) rises near the Andhra Pradesh border at Sinkaram. It then flows north west in a winding course before reaching the Kolab Dam slightly south of Koraput town. The massive reservoir has a catchment area of 1630 sq km and spans the Sadar, Semiliguda and Nandapur blocks of the district. After the dam, the river descends onto the 2000 feet plateau at Bagra near Jeypore through a small cataract before flowing north west and then suddenly south in Kundura block. It then enters the Bastar district before turning east again and forming the border with Koraput. It finally flows into Malkangiri and onwards to the Godavari River.

The Machchkund (better known as the Sileru River) enters the district near Chatwa on the Araku road. It forms the boundary between Odisha and Andhra Pradesh for many kilometers before the Jalaput Dam. It then continues along the southern boundary of the district in a series of rapids before falling down 540 feet at Duduma Waterfalls. The river is tapped here for the Machchkund Power Plant. It then flows through a close gorge through Malkangiri before going on to join the Sabari River.

Administration
The district administration is headed by a Collector and District Magistrate, usually called the Collector who combines in his office the roles of revenue collection, law and order maintenance and implementation of development programmes. He is assisted at headquarters by an Additional District Magistrate (ADM) and by two Sub Collectors cum Sub Divisional Magistrates posted at Koraput and Jeypore for the first two roles. Below subdivision level, the district is divided into 14 Blocks which are co-terminus with Tahsils. While the former deals with the development aspect, the latter is a revenue unit. The Block Development Officer (BDO) and Tahsildar cum Executive Magistrate are the respective heads of each. The Collector and one of the Sub Collectors are usually officers of the Indian Administrative Service while the other officers belong to the Odisha Administrative Service.

The 14 Blocks/Tahsils in Koraput district under two sub-divisions are listed in the following table.

In addition to the officers noted above, a chief development officer cum executive officer, Zila Parishad, usually belonging to the Indian Administrative Service is posted at Koraput. He supervises the functioning of the BDOs directly and reports to the Collector who is ex officio Chief Executive Officer of the Zila Parishad. Various line departments like education, health care, agriculture are headed by officers of the rank of Deputy Collectors who are also directly under the operational control of the Collector. All departments also have a parallel setup at the block level with the BDO directly supervising the field level functionaries. Each block is further divided into Gram Panchayats. Koraput has a total of 240 Panchayats which are headed by an elected head called the Sarpanch assisted by an executive officer.

The four urban areas of Koraput, Kotpad, Sunabeda and Jeypore are each headed by an executive officer who report to the Collector through the Project Director, District Urban Development Agency.

Maintenance of law and order is supervised by the Superintendent of Police (SP), an officer of the Indian Police Service. The SP is technically under the Collector but in practice is almost completely independent except for certain statutory functions. He is assisted by Additional and Deputy SPs at the headquarters and by SDPOs at police subdivision levels. The district has a total of 23 thanas or Police Stations, each headed by an Inspector in-charge. Owing to the Naxalite issue, Koraput has a heavier than usual police presence and companies of Border Security Force, Central Reserve Police Force and the Special Operations Group of the Odisha Police are deployed throughout the district.

There are two Divisional Forest Officers posted in the District for each subdivision. They belong to the Indian Forest Service and are responsible for the preservation of wildlife and management of forests.

The civil and criminal justice system are under the District and Sessions Judge at Jeypore. He is assisted by Additional District Judges, Civil Judges (Senior and Junior) Divisions and Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrates. The Collector, ADM and SDMs are also Executive Magistrates and report to the District and Sessions Judge in that capacity.

The entire district is a designated area under the 5th Schedule of the Indian Constitution. This means that sale of tribal land to non-tribals is prohibited. In addition, there are other legal and cultural protections extended to the tribal population of the district.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Koraput district has a population of 1,379,647, roughly equal to the nation of Eswatini or the US state of Hawaii. This gives it a ranking of 356th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 156 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 16.63%. Koraput has a sex ratio of 1031 females for every 1000 males, significantly higher than the national average of 940 and a literacy rate of 49.21%, much lower than the national figure. 16.39% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes make up 14.21% of the population while 50.60% of the population hails from Scheduled Tribes. The district has one of the highest tribal populations in Odisha and is a Scheduled District under the Constitution of India. This prohibits sale and purchase of tribal land by non-tribals. As many as 51 different tribes have been noted in the undivided district - each with its own language and culture.

The largest tribe in the current district are the Parojas, literally meaning "subject", a generic term applying to many different tribal communities in Koraput. They are a significant population in the south and west, on the higher plateau regions. Almost all speak an Odia dialect as their mother tongue. The community has a population of around 2.2 lakhs.

The second largest community are the Khonds, who mainly live in the eastern mountains and have a population of 2 lakhs. Other major communities include the Bhottada, Gadaba and Bhumia.

The non tribal population is mostly of the castes and communities common to the rest of Odisha, and the Scheduled Caste population is predominantly from the Domba community. The only addition here is of a substantial Telugu element. The Telugus form an important commercial class and are also to be found in Government employment.

Languages
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 53.88% of the population in the district spoke Odia, 12.25% Desia, 10.21% Kui, 9.12% Proja, 3.46% Telugu, 2.81% Kuvi, 2.10% Gadaba, 1.49% Bhatri and 1.35% Bhuiyan as their first language.

As regards the tribal dialects of Koraput district in Orissa, it may be noted that no proper survey has ever been made. But attempts have been made by different individuals to make a study of the various tribal languages of the district. Kui, as noted above, is the mostly widely spoken of the tribal dialects. The percentage of people speaking tribal language in Koraput district has reduced from 37 percent in 1931 census to less than 20 percent today. A large number of tribals of the district have adopted non-tribal languages as Odia is the medium of instruction in Government schools.

Standard Odia as used in the district is the same as that in the rest of the state. However, the spoken Odia, a dialect called Desia, used has significant differences from that of Coastal Odisha. An important marker is the lack of stress on the last consonant of a word. This is spoken rapidly and the schwa is often dropped. Many words used are now obsolete in Standard Odia or are considered rude. The use of the respectful pronoun apana is rare and even elders are referred to using the more familiar pronoun tume used for those similar or younger in age.

Many tribals inhabiting the hills separating the two states speak a mixture of Odia and Telugu. Narayanapatna, located on the other side of the hills, also has a large Telugu speaking population. This language is virtually the same as that spoken in Srikakulum.

Another languages include Bhatri and Halbi, which falls within the Odia language group but only shares about 60% lexical similarity with Oriya. It is spoken along the border with Bastar and is a language that is midway between Odia and Marathi language.

Religion
Hinduism is the dominant religion of the district with more than 93.8% of the population being returned as Hindus in the Census of 2011. However, in practice, there exist significant differences in the identification with mainstream Hinduism. Almost all tribes have a distinction between a Hindu-ised segment that follows the rites and rituals of Hinduism and another one that still worships the indigenous deities and follows rules of worship that are different from the general practice of the faith. Intermarriage and dining together are often the differentiating markers between these groups. Some of these deities include Jakari and Thakurani, who are worshipped by animal sacrifice like other folk religions. Most villages will have a stone or tree where the deity of the village is believed to reside.

Christianity is practiced by approximately 5% of the population, however some figures estimate it to be much more than that. The Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church which was founded by German Missionaries of The Schleswig Holstein Evangelical Lutheran Mission Society of Germany (SHELM) has been active in Koraput since 1882. Adherents mostly belong to the Scheduled Castes. Both Koraput and Jeypore have large churches while smaller ones can be found throughout the district ranging from various Pentecostal and Evangelical Congregations, The Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church alone has more than 2,50,000 members.

Muslims form a minuscule proportion of the population owing to the district's isolation from the plains. Most Muslims are recent migrants from the rest of Odisha who are employed at Koraput, Jeypore or at the NALCO unit at Damanjodi. However, the village of Thuba in Nandapur block has a community that is native to the district and is probably descended from demobilised Qutb Shahi soldiers who had invaded Koraput around the 16th century. Scattered Islamic shrines can also be found at Narayanapatna which had a small Muslim community till about a century ago.

Minuscule communities of Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains are also found in the towns. Most of them are migrants from North India who are involved in trade and commerce. The Buddhists are Tibetan refugees who deal in woolen clothes.

Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Koraput one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 19 districts in Odisha currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Agriculture
The district economy mainly depends on agriculture and which mainly depends on rainfall. The rainfall depends on South-West monsoon. Out of total cropping area of 296000ha in Koraput, irrigation potential in Kharif is 30.71% and in Rabi is 21.51%. Generally crops grown during Rabi like Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Ragi, Mung, Biri, Groundnut, Mustard, Field Pea, Sunflower etc. needs assured irrigation.

Jeypore tract of the Koraput district is known as one of the centres of origin of rice. The people of Koraput district, notably the adivasis have generated and conserved many indigenous cultivars of rice that are suitable for both dryland and wetland cultivation. The Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) in 2012 recognised the service of the communities of Koraput in ensuring food security by declaring the Koraput district as a Global Agricultural Heritage Site

Major Industries
There are only five Large Scale industries located in the district manufacturing & Processing Alumina, Paper, Cement, Aeronautical Engine & hydro electricity. The general pattern of non-agricultural employment, however, leans heavily towards small-scale and household industries
 * Hindustan Aeronautics Limited(HAL) - Sunabeda
 * NALCO-Damanjodi
 * BILT PAPERMILL-Jeypore (defunct) (company filed for bankruptcy in 2020)
 * Kolab Hydroelectric Power Station
 * Macha kunda Hydroelectric power station Under Lamptaput Block
 * Kodingamali bauxite mines

Minerals
The principal economic mineral deposits of Koraput district are Limestone & Bauxite, besides this, occurrence of China clay, Nepheline Synite, Gold, Black & Multi colored rocks named as Decorative Stone are also found in this district. The principal mines in the district are
 * Panchpatmali Bauxite Mines of M/s. National Aluminum & Co. Ltd.
 * Maliparbat Bauxite Mines of M/s. Hindalco Industries Ltd.,
 * Ampavally Limestone Mines of M/s. Odisha Mining Corporation Ltd. and M/s. Industrial Development Corporation of Odisha Ltd.

Subai Jain temples
Subai Jain temples complex consists of 5 temples built in 4th century. One temple is famous for its rare images of the tirthankaras surrounding an image of Rishabhanatha. An idol of a four-armed Tara (a Jain yakshi) in the temple complex is also noteworthy. A Parab festival is organised by the temple management every year. A 4 ft Jain idol was discovered in 2020 during excavation.

Naxals
Naxalism is a serious matter of concern in south Odisha, including Koraput district, since around 2000. Earlier, the Naxalite activities were confined to districts such as Malkangiri, which share its borders with the neighboring states. With time, the Naxal activities has spread to Koraput as well as other tribal-dominated districts like Rayagada and Nabarangpur. The inaccessible hilly terrain, dense forests, lack of development, grievances of the tribals and poor, and the absence of administration have been conducive to the spread of left-wing extremism in Odisha. The seriousness of the problem was underlined by a co-ordinated Naxalite attack on the District Headquarters and armoury at Koraput on February 6, 2004. Another prominent leader, Nachika Linga, president of Chasia Mula Adivasi Sangh with Maoist links, organized tribals of Narayanpatna block against moneylenders and landlords who had taken their lands and in 2009 marched on the Narayanpatna police station.

Naxal group, namely People's War Group (PWG), has carried out numerous operations (attacks on rich farmers, police, bureaucrats and politicians, loots from godowns) within last few years in Koraput as well as in its neighboring districts. CoBRA BN of CRPF was deployed here for this purpose and it has helped to reduce Naxal activities to a large extent.

Transport
Owing to its hilly terrain, transport in Koraput is dependent upon certain trunk roads that climb up the passes on the Eastern Ghats. National Highway 26 takes off from National Highway 16 near Vizianagaram. It enters the district before Sunki and rises to around 3500 feet at Ralegada through a number of sharp curves. It then descends onto the 3000 feet plateau and passes Pottangi and Kunduli before meeting the alternative road to Vishakhapatnam through Araku at Similiguda. The road then passes Koraput and descends through a steep ghat to Jeypore before going straight north through Borigumma to Nabarangpur. NH 63 takes off from this road at Borigumma and proceeds straight west through Kotpad to Jagdalpur in Bastar. Major District Roads connect the road to other parts of the district.

Secondary major roads include NH 326 that enters from Rayagada before passing through Lakshmipur and Kakirigumma to join NH 26. It then diverges again at Jeypore to pass through Boipariguda before entering Malkangiri district near Mathili. Koraput railway station is a junction station on Kirandul-Visakhapatnam railway line that branches towards Rayagada railway station on the other side. Other main railheads include Jeypore, Kotpad Road Station, Damanjodi, and Lakshmipur Road.

Jeypore Airport has direct, daily flight connections to Bhubaneswar and Vishakhapatnam.

Vidhan sabha constituencies
The following are the 5 Vidhan sabha constituencies of Koraput district and the elected members of that area

Local Bodies
In accordance with the three tier system of Panchayati Raj, the district comprises one Zila Parishad of 29 constituencies (or Zones) further subdivided is divided into 240 Gram Panchayats in 14 Panchayat Samitis. The President, Zila Parishad heads the body while the Collector and CDO function as its CEO and EO respectively. Each Panchayat Samiti is headed by a Chairman with the BDO as the CEO while the Panchayat is headed by a Sarpanch with an executive officer. Like the Zila Parishad, the other two bodies also have constituencies like PS Zones or Wards respectively. Each of these bodies has access to annual grants from the Finance Commission and are responsible for approving their own budgets in general body meetings.

title: Koraput district


text:
Snowball sampling

In sociology and statistics research, snowball sampling (or chain sampling, chain-referral sampling, referral sampling ) is a nonprobability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances. Thus the sample group is said to grow like a rolling snowball. As the sample builds up, enough data are gathered to be useful for research. This sampling technique is often used in hidden populations, such as drug users or sex workers, which are difficult for researchers to access. As sample members are not selected from a sampling frame, snowball samples are subject to numerous biases. For example, people who have many friends are more likely to be recruited into the sample. When virtual social networks are used, then this technique is called virtual snowball sampling.

It was widely believed that it was impossible to make unbiased estimates from snowball samples, but a variation of snowball sampling called respondent-driven sampling has been shown to allow researchers to make asymptotically unbiased estimates from snowball samples under certain conditions. Snowball sampling and respondent-driven sampling also allows researchers to make estimates about the social network connecting the hidden population.

Description
Snowball sampling uses a small pool of initial informants to nominate, through their social networks, other participants who meet the eligibility criteria and could potentially contribute to a specific study. The term "snowball sampling" reflects an analogy to a snowball increasing in size as it rolls downhill.

Method

 * 1) Draft a participation program (likely to be subject to change, but indicative).
 * 2) Approach stakeholders and ask for contacts.
 * 3) Gain contacts and ask them to participate.
 * 4) Community issues groups may emerge that can be included in the participation program.
 * 5) Continue the snowballing with contacts to gain more stakeholders if necessary.
 * 6) Ensure a diversity of contacts by widening the profile of persons involved in the snowballing exercise.

Requirement
The participants are likely to know others who share the characteristics that make them eligible for inclusion in the study.

Applicable situation
Snowball sampling is quite suitable to use when members of a population are hidden and difficult to locate (e.g. samples of the homeless or users of illegal drugs) and these members are closely connected (e.g. organized crime, sharing similar interests, involvement in the same groups that are relevant to the project at hand).

Social computing
Snowball sampling can be perceived as an evaluation sampling in the social computing field. For example, in the interview phase, snowball sampling can be used to reach hard-to-reach populations. Participants or informants with whom contact has already been made can use their social networks to refer the researcher to other people who could potentially participate in or contribute to the study.

Conflict environments
It has been observed that conducting research in conflict environments is challenging due to mistrust and suspicion. A conflict environment is one in which people or groups think that their needs and goal are contradictory to the goals and or needs of other people or groups. These conflicts among people or groups might include claims to territory, resources, trade, civil and religious rights that cause considerable misunderstanding and heighten disagreements, leading to an environment with lack of trust and suspicion. In a conflict environment, the entire population (rather than a specific group of people) is marginalized to some extent, which makes it hard for investigators to reach potential participants for their research. For example, a threatening political environment under an authoritarian regime creates obstacles for the investigators to conduct the research. Snowball sampling has been demonstrated as a useful method in conducting research in conflict environments, such as in the context of the Israel and Arab Conflict. Snowball sampling allows the investigators to approach the marginalized population at cognitive and emotional level and enroll them in study. Snowball sampling addresses the conditions of lack of trust that arises due to uncertainty about the future through trace-linking methodology.

Expert information collection
Snowball sampling can be used to identify experts in a certain field such as medicine, manufacturing processes, or customer relation methods, and gather professional and valuable knowledge.

For instance, 3M called in specialists from all fields that related to how a surgical drape could be applied to the body using snowball sampling. Every involved expert can suggest another expert who they may know could offer more information.

Public and population health research with marginalized and stigmatized populations
Snowball sampling can be used to recruit participants in research in marginalized, criminalized or other stigmatized behaviour, and its consequences. Examples include the use of illegal substances (e.g., unprescribed drugs), collection of illegal materials (e.g., ivory, unlicensed weapons), or stigmatized practices (e.g., support for anorexia, sexual fetish). Exclusion from majority society or fear of exposure or of shaming makes it difficult to contact participants through usual means. However, the nature of many of these behaviours means that people engaging in them have contact with each other. Snowball sampling is used in many studies of street-involved populations.

Advantages

 * 1) Locate hidden populations: It is possible for the surveyors to include people in the survey that they would not have known but, through the use of social network.
 * 2) Locating people of a specific population: There are no lists or other obvious sources for locating members of the population (e.g. the homeless, users of illegal drugs). The investigators use previous contact and communication with subjects then, the investigators are able to gain access and cooperation from new subjects. The key in gaining access and documenting the cooperation of subjects is trust. This is achieved that investigators act in good faith and establish good working relationship with the subjects.
 * 3) Methodology: As subjects are used to locate the hidden population, the researcher invests less money and time in sampling. Snowball sampling method does not require complex planning and the staffing required is considerably smaller in comparison to other sampling methods.

Snowball sampling can be used in both alternative and complementary research methodologies. As an alternative methodology, when other research methods can not be employed, due to challenging circumstancing and when random sampling is not possible. As complementary methodology with other research methods to boost the quality and efficiency of research conduct and to minimize the sampling bias like quota sampling.

Disadvantages

 * 1) Community bias: The first participants will have a strong impact on the sample. Snowball sampling is inexact and can produce varied and inaccurate results. The method is heavily reliant on the skill of the individual conducting the actual sampling, and that individual's ability to vertically network and find an appropriate sample. To be successful it requires previous contacts within the target areas, and the ability to keep the information flow going throughout the target group.
 * 2) Non-random: Snowball sampling contravenes many of the assumptions supporting conventional notions of random selection and representativeness. However, social systems are beyond researchers' ability to recruit randomly. Snowball sampling is inevitable in social systems.
 * 3) Unknown sampling population size: There is no way to know the total size of the overall population.
 * 4) Anchoring: Another disadvantage of snowball sampling is the lack of definite knowledge as to whether or not the sample is an accurate reading of the target population. By targeting only a few select people, it is not always indicative of the actual trends within the result group. Identifying the appropriate person to conduct the sampling, as well as locating the correct targets is a time-consuming process such that the benefits only slightly outweigh the costs.
 * 5) Lack of control over sampling method: As the subjects locate the hidden population, the research has very little control over the sampling method, which becomes mainly dependent on the original and subsequent subjects, who may add to the known sampling pool using a method outside of the researcher's control.

Compensations
The best defense against weaknesses is to begin with a set of initial informants that are as diverse as possible. Efforts to improve the main disadvantage of snowball sampling resulted in the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method. RDS augments the referral method by weighting the sample in order to compensate for the initial non-random selection, which may lead to the reduction of errors occurring in sampling by the referral method.

Virtual snowball sampling
Virtual snowball sampling is a variation of traditional snowball sampling and it relies on virtual networks of participants. It brings new advantages but also disadvantages for the researcher.

Advantages

 * In hard-to-reach and hard-to-involve populations online sampling can better detect individuals of researcher's interest and allows to expand geographical scope of the studies
 * Brings the possibility to increase representativeness of the results
 * Virtual sampling can increase the number of responses in comparison with traditional snowball sampling. According to Baltar (2012) who used Facebook to search for participants for his study and conduct the research, it was possible to reduce the time necessary for building trust between the participant and researcher. Participants were more likely to share their personal information because the researcher was also sharing personal information on his/her Facebook profile. Increased level of confidence contributed to higher response rate
 * Less costly relative to traditional snowball sampling technique

Disadvantages

 * Even though the virtual sampling method can increase representativeness of the results, sample selection is biased towards the characteristics of online population such as gender, age, education level, socioeconomic level, etc.
 * Target population might not always have access to the Internet

Example used in research
Virtual snowball sampling technique was used in order to find participants for the study of a minority group – Argentinian entrepreneurs living in Spain. About 60 percent of this population has double nationality – both Spanish and Argentinian. Spanish national statistics classifies them as European citizens only and there is no information about the place of birth tied to the profiles of entrepreneurs in Spain either. Therefore, referring to national statistics only, made it impossible to build a sample frame for this research. The use of virtual networks in this example of hard to reach population, increased the number of participating subjects and as a consequence, improved the representativeness of results of the study.

Ethical issues
Ethical concerns may prevent the research staff from directly contacting many potential respondents. Therefore, program directors or personnel who knew of possible respondents can make initial contacts and then ask those who were willing to cooperate to personally contact the project. In each instance, the newly recruited research participant must be trained to understand and accept the eligibility criteria of the research. For example, in a study on treatment for substance-use disorder which used snowball sampling, it was difficult for many to understand the eligibility criteria because some criteria violated common-sense understandings concerning treatment and non-treatment. For example, many people define themselves as untreated in spite of possible long stays in civil commitment programs because their commitments to these institutions were involuntary and/or because they had become re-addicted upon release and then recovered at a later time. Therefore, the quality of informed consent was in doubt.

In a qualitative research, apprehension around feelings of compulsion are reviewed for potential ethical dilemmas and recommendations for research process are made.

Improvements
Snowball sampling is a recruitment method that employs research into participants' social networks to access specific populations. According to research mentioned in the paper written by Kath Browne, using social networks to research is accessible. In this research, Kath Browne used social networks to research non-heterosexual women. Snowball sampling is often used because the population under investigation is hard to approachable either due to low numbers of potential participants or the sensitivity of the topic. The author indicated the recruitment technique of snowball sampling, which uses interpersonal relations and connections within people. Due to the use of social networks and interpersonal relations, snowball sampling forms how individuals act and interact in focus groups, couple interviews and interviews. As a result, snowball sampling not only results in the recruitment of particular samples, use of this technique produces participants'accounts of their lives. To help mitigate these risks, it is important to not rely on any one single method of sampling to gather data about a target sector. In order to most accurately obtain information, a company must do everything it possibly can to ensure that the sampling is controlled. Also, it is imperative that the correct personnel is used to execute the actual sampling, because one missed opportunity could skew the results.

Respondent-driven sampling
A new approach to the study of hidden populations. It is effectively used to avoid bias in snowball sampling. Respondent-driven sampling involves both a field sampling technique and custom estimation procedures that correct for the presence of homophily on attributes in the population. The respondent-driven sampling method employs a dual system of structured incentives to overcome some of the deficiencies of such samples. Like other chain-referral methods, RDS assumes that those best able to access members of hidden populations are their own peers.

Peer Esteem Snowballing (PEST)
Peer Esteem Snowballing is a variation of snowball sampling, useful for investigating small populations of expert opinion. Its proponents argue that it has a number of advantages relative to other snowballing techniques:
 * 1) reduces the selection bias inherent in initial seed samples for a snowball by advocating for a nominations phase that objectively identifies contact seeds for the first wave;
 * 2) by analysing network data it provides an estimate of the population size, unbiased by any researcher defined population boundary;
 * 3) by reporting the estimate of the sample size vis a vis the population, it provides a measure of relative significance (optimal sampling data can be reported in this context);
 * 4) through a network analysis of referrals it allows for identifying clusters of experts that may be instrumental in explain variations in their response profile;
 * 5) allows for a referrals nominations strategy that, in certain cases, could improve response rates, while the nominations strategy acts as an ultimate validation of expertise for informants and therefore improves content validity.

title: Snowball sampling


text:
XED-AM

XED-AM (1050 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Mexicali, Baja California, also heard in the Yuma, Arizona and El Centro, California radio markets. It was owned by Radiorama till 2023, and opered simultanely its XHMUG-FM 96.9 "La Poderosa" for 4 years; since September 2019, to November 2023.

Because AM 1050 is a clear channel frequency reserved for XEG in Monterrey, Nuevo León, XED must greatly reduce power at night to avoid interference; it was a daytime-only radio station for nearly seven decades.

History
Prior to the sign-on of XED in Mexicali, the call sign belonged to perhaps the first radio station in Mexico to be considered a border blaster. The first XED was located at Reynosa, Tamaulipas, and was under the advertising sales management of the International Broadcasting Company. Located across the Rio Grande River (Río Bravo) from McAllen, Texas, USA, the station broadcast with a power of 10,000 watts (10 kW) which was the most powerful transmitter in Mexico at that time.

The current XED received its concession in May 1947. After nearly 70 years of daytime-only operation, XED began broadcasting at night with 200 watts in the summer of 2016. This is the first time it has operated legally at night, as American station KTCT, which also operates on 1050 in the San Francisco Bay Area, has accused XED of operating illegally at night at more than its licensed daytime transmitter power, and has received FCC permission to broadcast at its regular daytime 50,000 watt power at night to overcome XED's interference. On June 2, 2019, at midnight, XED ceased operations.

XED returned on September 29, 2019, as part of a simulcast with XHMUG-FM 96.9 since September 28, 2019 to November 20, 2023.

XED separates from Radiorama Mexicali after 4 years of transmitting simultaneously "La Poderosa" 96.9 FM, after being acquired by Cadena Rasa. Actually recovers for third time its legendary name "La Gran D", for Cadena Rasa, no more for Radiorama Mexicali.

title: XED-AM


text: User talk:208.190.27.136

title: User talk:208.190.27.136


text:
User talk:Tkuminecz

asdf.

title: User talk:Tkuminecz


text:
User:Ranetane

Skateboarding
Skateboarding is the greatest thing in the world. If anyone were to say otherwise, they should be cursed to ten thousand sledges. Many people confuse themselves and others by saying that skateboarding is a sport (which it is not!), skateboarding is an art, a style, and for the determined ones, a way of life. You don’t have to sign up to be on a team, or work out to meet regulations. There’s no competition against others, you can skate all by yourself and still bust out. The only goals are sticking the tricks you want to lay down and satisfying yourself. And you don’t have to skate to do tricks, (yet it’s the greatest), but you can just ride to ride.

Skateboarding is good for so many reasons; it’s a great way to get around (street surfing), ripping on ramps and slashing coping is sick, hitting up rails and busting hammers down gaps (one of my favorites). Skateboarding can be as simple or as technical as you want to make it, whether you’re just cruising or slamming kickflip-front-boards down nine-stair rails, as long as you’re satisfied with what you’re doing.

Skateboarding has so much history and information about that I could personally go on for ever about how sick it is, but if you’ve followed me this far, stop reading right now. Grab your board (or get one), and go outside and skate!

title: User:Ranetane


text:
User talk:Varco

Troop 590 Varco? It's Sasiadek. I didn't know you were a wikipedophile.

HI varco
Thanks for the additions you made to the pages I started on de_train and de_cbbl. I shall complete them when I have more time on my hands, as you may well know, being a student is damned time consuming!

Hope to here from you soon!

Supadupanoodle.

teh varco

Hello User Varco. You have a link to 'bass' on your user page. It is ambiguous. Do you mean it to point to 'bass guitar'? I thought I'd point it out to you rather than change it. Brequinda 07:49, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Schnell Fenster
Varco, why have you queried whether the Wikipedia should have a page on the band Schnell Fenster? If you'd followed the links you'd see that Schnell Fenster was an important chapter in the history of New Zealand and Australian music. You didn't give your reasons for questioning whether SF were notable on the discussion page for that page. Without you explaining your reasons, it looks more like vandalism than serious editorial comment. Could you please explain? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.176.151.208 (talk • contribs)
 * I've replied on the Schnell Fenster talk page --Varco 15:46, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

Deletion of 'green wikipedians' category
Hi. I saw you're (like me) listed in this category which is up for deletion. Hoped you'd like to vote in favor of keeping it... Thanks! Larix 02:30, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Counter-Strike maps

 * You're correct... I guess my tinkering instinct got the better of me. I had changed the template on quite a few articles, and some of them indeed have more than one "infraction" in the title, meaning they should be left with . I missed the underscores somehow, sorry. Regards, GregorB 20:54, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for creating those new CS maps! I'm not sure if you did this intentionally, but thanks for following the template of "The Map", "Criticisms", "Uniqueness" that I created.  I think that is the best way to represent the information.  I was going to create articles for cs_estate, but I'm glad someone else had the time to do it.  Also, I wanted to add pictures to cs_italy and cs_assault, but I didn't know how/didn't want to bothering to figure it out.  Good job in taking care of all of this.  Additionally, the infoboxes are a great idea! I guess I'll add the de_survivor map now.--R6MaY89 22:44, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Question about images for CS Maps. This site has some great screenshots of the maps.  The site itself is copyrighted, but the images belong to the game developers, right?  If so, is it legal to lift these images off the site and upload them to WP:Special:Contributions?  It is obvious that the site owners went through a lot of trouble to find the best places to take images, so I'd like to be able to use them on our map pages.

 * Thanks. I responded — Talk:Fy_iceworld.

UB userbox
Hello Varco. Just wanting to say many thanks for the UB userbox code. I appreciate it. Elektrik Blue 82 22:38, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Template:Infobox Counter-StrikeMap
Just an idea for the infobox, do you think "introduced in" and "retired in" fields would be nice? So we know when a map enters into the official counter-strike map cycle, and when they're removed. Obviously for maps like fy_iceworld, they wouldn't be needed, but I think it'd be quite good for the official maps. - Hahnch e  n 04:43, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that would be a great idea! I've always thought the infobox needed more substance, but I couldn't think of what to put in it.  --Varco 19:22, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Counter-Strike Maps
Did you read Aaron Brenneman's closing statement? There's clearly consensus to at least merge the articles. Also, it's not a vote. --Rory096 06:45, 24 May 2006 (UTC)
 * A merge to elsewhere (like an article just for these maps) would work, too. --Rory096 06:54, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello. *note regular editor hat being worn* I'm here to attempt to pre-empt what I think might be an acrimonious series of exchanges.  I've left an almost identical message on Rory096's talk as well.
 * A lot of work has been put into this series of articles. Despite the concerns I raised in the close, a lot of it is good work.  This can be acknowledged while still disagreeing over other issues.
 * There are some structural challenges to the proposed merge. A ruthless application of the reliable source guideline will make some of that go away, but not all.
 * Whatever we say, strength of numbers does count for something, and experiance shows that video games are one area where it often counts a lot. This should not be allowed to trump policies and guidelines.
 * We all want the same thing: The best encyclopedia we can produce. So let's focus first on the things we agree on, and work from there.  Happy, harmonius editing will surely follow!
 * brenneman {L} 06:59, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Foolish consistency
I removed the "move to Wikisource" tag as the text has existed at Self-Reliance since 2003. The article you tagged begins: Ralph Waldo Emerson's work named Self-Reliance states that "a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of the little minds". Following the wiki-link to WP's article on Self-Relience shows a box stating that Wikisource has the original text. I would really appreciate if in the future you would undertake this small amount of research before tagging things to be Transwikied. Thank you for your diligence.-- Birgitte§β ʈ  Talk  16:09, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the apology. I hate to make an issue of such things, but I do not know a better way to educate well-meaning people such as yourself.-- Birgitte§β  ʈ  Talk  16:42, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

re Poor man's Bible
Thanks, Varco

--Amandajm 17:42, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

AfD de_chateau
Just wanted to let you know that one of our CS maps is up for deletion. I'm not sure why they're picking on this one, but here's the link Articles_for_deletion/De_chateau David Bergan 15:48, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Another AfD on the CS Maps
Thanks for your input on the last one, this is getting sickening, but the vote is against us right now. Articles_for_deletion/Counter-Strike_maps David Bergan 21:00, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

AfD on Individual Counter-Strike maps
Just wanted to inform you of Articles_for_deletion/Individual_Counter-Strike_maps (July 17, 2006). I'm alerting everyone who had more than 2 edits in one of the previous AfDs. Kind regards, David Bergan 19:10, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

WP:Cite#What to do when a reference link "goes dead"
Thanks for that, I didn't know. - brenneman  {L} 04:10, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

Could you please help protect this article from unfair deletionists?
Hi Varco! I found you through Association of Inclusionist Wikipedians. I was hoping if you can lend me a helping hand with International Institute of Management article. On August 10 an unknown person marked it for deletion. Then a group of 4 deletionists gave a delete vote claiming non-notability. Inspite of the fact that nn is not an official reason for deletion, I provided a clear evidence of notability and verifiable references and won a stong keep vote from Ephilei (another inclusionist). However, my concern is that we are only 3 votes against 6 votes. Therefore, I kindly ask you to check the article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/International_Institute_of_Management (if it is too long you can check keep-comments). I’m not asking for anything more than an ethical vote. I’m willing to return the favor and review a similar articles. Every keep vote counts, please help! Miro.gal

Removal of messages from talk page
I would appreciate it if you would not remove messages from other users from my talk page, even if you disagree with them. Thank you. --Varco 17:56, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I removed mass-canvassing by User:Miro.gal to a large number of users, many of whom are no longer editing Wikipedia. Canvassing hurts Wikipedia for many reasons.  If you object to this reverting, I welcome your praticipation at the relevant AN/I thread .   —Quarl (talk) 2006-08-13 22:49Z

Please help
Hi! I got your username from the Association Inclusionist Wikipedians. I'm trying to work against a band of linkocrites (see en:User:cochese8). You look as if you're a valuable editor and I could really use some help [preserving] a great link. I would ask you to review the discussion and vote keep if you agree with the link's value. Thanks for your help! Cochese8 00:32, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

Editor restored possible copyright violation to Carman (singer)
An editor ( User:JNeal -- talk -- Contrib ) has restored text you deleted from Carman (singer) on the basis of copyright violation. Could you check to see if the restored text violates the copyright and inform the editor if it does? Please note that JNeal restored only one paragraph.

Your edit: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carman_%28singer%29&diff=88541714&oldid=86443201

Last Change: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carman_%28singer%29&diff=90154218&oldid=89188619

Will (Talk - contribs) 06:50, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

New Photo Matching Service
Hi there,

I'm contacting you because you listed yourself at Wikipedians/Photographers. You might be interested in a new wikiproject page that lists photographers and articles that need photos by location. The page is located at Photo Matching Service or WP:PMS GabrielF 00:17, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

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UB Userbox
Thanks! One thing though, the new tag doesn't have the UB logo on it, no? /ɪlεktʃɹɪk bluː/ 20:00, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Action Request System.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Action Request System.png. You've indicated that the image meets Wikipedia's criteria for non-free content, but there is no explanation of why it meets those criteria. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. If you have any questions, please post them at Media copyright questions.

Thank you for your cooperation. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 14:58, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Louie's Texas Red Hots
Except for the speedy delete tags, the only modifications to the article after your last edits was the addition of a Buffalo-area category: the article as it was when you last edited it was virtually identical to as it was when I deleted it. Nyttend (talk) 21:41, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Ublogo.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Ublogo.gif. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 07:34, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Urban jazz

The article Urban jazz has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Unsourced since March 2007. Some websites (primary sources) describe "urban jazz" as a radio format, but if this is a distinct musical style, usual sources (like allmusic) do not offer any definition.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Gyrofrog (talk) 22:36, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

Nomination of Urban jazz for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Urban jazz is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Urban jazz until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

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August 2013
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Wiknic for Buffalo?
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Varco


text:
Talk:Common Public License

Link to the licence
Here's a link to the CPL text not tied to any project: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/cpl1.0.php

 * The licence is published by IBM, and IBM is the copyright holder. This is important because IBM can publish updated versions, and IBM's published version (although surely identical) is the official version: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/os-cpl.html Gronky 14:11, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

"commercial" - meaningless
A recent edit changed the article to say that the CPL differs from the GPL in that it allows "commercial" versions to be published in more situations. This is patently incorrect. All GPL's software can be sold and anyone can sell related services or charge for the service of distributing it. Sometimes people say "commercial" when they mean proprietary software or "non-free". I will change the article assuming the contributor made that mistake, but if someone who knows more about the CPL can confirm, that would be good. Gronky 14:11, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, the sentence is too meaningless for me to even be able to guess how to fix it. Can someone read this and insert what it should say into the article?  Thanks Gronky 14:15, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

"A key difference is relicensing: one may compile a Program licensed under the CPL without modification and commercially license the result in accordance with the terms of the CPL."

Patent clause
Section 7 says:

If Recipient institutes patent litigation against a Contributor with respect to a patent applicable to software (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit), then any patent licenses granted by that Contributor to such Recipient under this Agreement shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. In addition, if Recipient institutes patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Program itself (excluding combinations of the Program with other software or hardware) infringes such Recipient's patent(s), then such Recipient's rights granted under Section 2(b) shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.

This potentially has a huge impact on your patent program. The second part of this provision is similar to Apache in that it is drawn to patent litigation based on the Program, but the first part applies to patent litigation against any Contributor involving a software patent. If IBM is a Contributor, and you sue IBM over any kind of software patent, you must stop using the Program immediately or risk a patent suit by IBM over your use of the Program.

Proprietary licence
I deleted this sentence: "A key difference is relicensing: one may compile a Program licensed under the CPL without modification and license it under a proprietary license." It is wrong. One may recompile without modification and license it under a commercial license, not under a proprietary one. The source code need not be included, but must be made available on request (and information that it is available on request must accompany the binary form). That's exactly the same as with the GPL!

--Sky Diva 16:48, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * It seems that it allows you to link proprietary code with CPL'd code without CPL'ing the proprietary code, though, which makes it more like the LGPL in that respect. --Delirium 01:02, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

Compability with GPL (v2, v3)
One of the most important questions many readers will have is "Is it compatible with GPLv2 and/or GPLv3"? While the article clearly states it is incompatible with GPLv2, it doesn't really say anything about v3. But the sidebar lists it as compatible with v1 and v3. Accoding to FSF, http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#CommonPublicLicense10, this is not the case for v3, due to the "choice of law", which I think is the bit about where legal battles should rage. Would anyone object to me fixing this (I think) rather grave error? Esben 13:20, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I've gone ahead and fixed it. If the person who added it wants to re-add it, please give a reference for how GPLv3 "adopted a similar clause". --Gronky 13:49, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

 * GPLv3 section 11 contains an explicit patent license. --Damian Yerrick (talk | stalk) 21:32, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
 * According to FSF, the problem is still the choice of law clause, which would be the last bit in section 7, I think. I'll add GPLv3 as incompatible with the CPL unless we get solid proof otherwise. Esben (talk) 09:45, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I changed the article to reflect what the FSF compatibility page currently says. There is no longer any mention of patent issues. Superm401 - Talk 15:32, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

IBM software under CPL?
Why this article doesn't mention any CPL licensed software released by IBM? Is there any? Azrael Nightwalker (talk) 13:15, 31 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Why IBM? But there is e.g. the coin projects. IBM is a major contributor, and almost the only one for several of those, e.g. the clp. Esben (talk) 10:55, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Why IBM? Because it looks funny when the only user of IBM's license mentioned in the article is Microsoft. Azrael Nightwalker (talk) 08:49, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

rename to Eclipse Public License
Since the new name of this license is Eclipse Public License, we should as well rename this article. See http://dev.eclipse.org/blogs/mike/2009/04/16/one-small-step-towards-reducing-license-proliferation/ --Sebastian.Dietrich (talk) 23:56, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Common Public License


text:
Thomas Hovenden

Thomas Hovenden (December 28, 1840 – August 14, 1895) was an Irish artist and teacher who spent much of his life in the United States. He painted realistic quiet family scenes and narrative subjects and often depicted African Americans.

Biography
Hovenden was born in Dunmanway, County Cork, Ireland. His parents died at the time of the Great Famine and he was placed in an orphanage at the age of six. Apprenticed to a carver and gilder, he studied at the Cork School of Design.

In 1863, he immigrated to the United States. He studied at the National Academy of Design in New York City. He moved to Baltimore in 1868 and then left for Paris in 1874. He studied at the École des Beaux Arts under Cabanel, but spent most of his time with the American art colony at Pont-Aven in Brittany led by Robert Wylie, where he painted many pictures of the peasantry.

Returning to America in 1880, he became a member of the Society of American Artists and an Associate member of the National Academy of Design (elected Academician in 1882). He married Helen Corson in 1881, an artist he had met in Pont-Aven, and settled at her father's homestead in Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, outside of Philadelphia. She came from a family of abolitionists and her home was a stop on the Underground Railroad. Their barn, later used as Hovenden's studio, was known as "Abolition Hall" due to its use for anti-slavery meetings.

He was commissioned by Mr. Robbins Battell to paint a historical picture of the abolitionist leader John Brown. He finished The Last Moments of John Brown (at least two copies exist, in the collection of the deYoung Museum in San Francisco and also the Metropolitan Museum in New York) in 1884. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Stoeckel in 1897. Accession Number 97.5 Mrs. Stoeckel was Mr. Battell's daughter. His Breaking Home Ties, a picture of American farm life, was engraved with considerable popular success.

In 1886, he was appointed Professor of Painting and Drawing at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, replacing Thomas Eakins who was dismissed due to his use of nude models. Among Hovenden's students were the sculptor Alexander Stirling Calder and the leader of the Ashcan School, Robert Henri. Hovenden was killed at the age of 54, along with a ten-year-old girl, by a railroad locomotive at a crossing near his home in Plymouth Meeting. Newspaper accounts reported that his death was the result of a heroic effort to push the girl from in front of the train, while a coroner's inquest determined his death was an accident.

A Pennsylvania state historical marker in Plymouth Meeting interprets Abolition Hall and Hovenden. Hovenden House, Barn and Abolition Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. He is buried across the street in the cemetery of the Plymouth Friends Meetinghouse.

Portrayal of African Americans
Hovenden taught at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. One of his students was Henry Ossawa Tanner, an African American who was possibly one of the first Black students to attend the school. Tanner would be famous for painting two images of African Americans, different for portraying them with dignity. These were The Banjo Lesson and The Thankful Poor.

Among Hovenden's works was a series of portraits of two elderly African Americans. His images were different than many made by his contemporaries, because he showed the Black couple as having a sense of dignity, rather than being caricatures. However, he has also been accused of portraying African Americans from a superior point-of-view, the images showing people content in their poverty.

Selected works

 * Self-Portrait of the Artist in His Studio, 1875, Yale University Art Gallery
 * Image Seller, 1876, Metropolitan Museum of Art
 * News from the Conscript, 1877
 * Loyalist Peasant Soldier of La Vendée, 1877
 * A Breton Interior, 1793, 1878, Metropolitan Museum of Art
 * In Hoc Signo Vinces, 1880, Detroit Institute of Arts, Michigan
 * The Old Version, 1881, San Francisco Museum of Fine Art
 * Sunday Morning, 1881, San Francisco Museum of Fine Art
 * Chloe and Sam, 1882, Amon Carter Museum
 * Death of Elaine, 1882, Westmoreland Museum of American Art, Pennsylvania
 * The Last Moments of John Brown, 1882–4, Metropolitan Museum of Art
 * Taking His Ease, 1885, San Francisco Museum of Fine Art
 * I Know'd It Was Ripe, 1885, Brooklyn Museum
 * Breaking Home Ties, 1890, Philadelphia Museum of Art
 * Bringing Home the Bride, 1893, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota
 * Jerusalem the Golden, 1894, Metropolitan Museum of Art

title: Thomas Hovenden