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Basilisk (disambiguation)

A basilisk is a legendary reptile reputed to be king of serpents.

Basilisk may also refer to:

Biology

 * Common basilisk, a lizard found in Central and South American rainforests
 * Any lizard of the genus Basiliscus
 * Prangos ferulacea (Common basilisk), a Mediterranean plant

Arts and entertainment

 * Basilisk (The Legendary Pink Dots album), 1982
 * Basilisk (D'erlanger album), 1990

Fictional uses

 * Basilisk (comics), the name of four Marvel Comics characters
 * Basilisk, a fictional terrorist group seen in the DC Comics Suicide Squad
 * Basilisk (Harry Potter)
 * Basilisk (manga), a manga and anime series
 * A motif in the works of author David Langford
 * A star system in the David Weber novel On Basilisk Station
 * Roko's basilisk, a thought experiment originating on the LessWrong blog

Military

 * Basilisk (cannon)
 * HMAS Basilisk, a naval base
 * HMS Basilisk, the name of several Royal Navy ships

Other

 * Basilisk (web browser), a fork of Firefox that maintains support for XUL/XPCOM extensions and retains the user interface of the Firefox 29-56 era
 * Basilisk, Queensland, a locality in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia
 * Basilisk II, a software emulator

title: Basilisk (disambiguation)


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Alfred Sohn-Rethel

Alfred Sohn-Rethel (4 January 1899 – 6 April 1990) was a French-born German Marxian economist and philosopher especially interested in epistemology. His main intellectual achievement was the publication of Intellectual and Manual Labour: A Critique of Epistemology. He also wrote about the relationship between German industry and National Socialism.

Biography
Born in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris, Sohn-Rethel came from a family of painters, his father was painter, Alfred Sohn-Rethel (1875–1958) and his mother was Anna Julie, née Michels. His mother was a descendant from the noble Oppenheim family and had influential relations with big business. His paternal grandfather was painter, Karl Rudolf Sohn and his paternal grandmother was painter and singer, Else Sohn-Rethel. As his family did not want him also to become a painter, he was brought up by his uncle, the steel industrialist Ernst Poensgen. On Christmas 1915, he expressed a wish for a copy of Karl Marx's Capital as a present. He received one and studied it intensively. Thrown out of home, he participated in the anti-war student protest in his first year at Heidelberg University in 1917.

From 1920 Sohn-Rethel was a friend of the philosopher Ernst Bloch, and he met Walter Benjamin in 1921. He came to live in Positano in 1923–24, and Naples: philosophy of the broken recorded his fascination with the relaxed Neapolitan attitude to technology. Between 1924 and 1927 he remained in Italy, "mainly in Capri, where Benjamin and Bloch were staying", meeting Adorno and Kracauer also at Capri in 1924. Additionally his paternal uncle, Otto Sohn-Rethel lived in Anacapri a city in Capri, whom he visited with. He stayed in contact with different members of the Frankfurt School, to whom his theoretical concerns were close; however, they never established a close working relationship.

Sohn-Rethel received his doctorate with the Austrian economist Emil Lederer in 1928. In his thesis he criticized the theory of marginal utility as a petitio principii because it implies the notion of number implicitly. Thanks to Poensgen he found a job as research assistant at the Mitteleuropäischer Wirtschaftstag (MWT). The MWT was a lobbying organization of the leading export industries. From 1931 to 1936 he worked 'in the cave of the lion' and watched and analyzed power politics from a very close distance. At the same time he had contacts with socialist resistance groups like Neu beginnen or Der rote Stosstrupp. In 1937 he emigrated via Switzerland and Paris to England. He wrote economic analyses for a circle close to Winston Churchill which were used against Neville Chamberlain's appeasement policy.

For a long time after the Second World War Sohn-Rethel was not really able to continue his theoretical work. He made a living teaching French. He joined the Communist Party and despite his disillusionment he was a member until 1972. The 1968 movement created a new interest in his work. At the funeral of Adorno he met the editor Siegfried Unseld who encouraged him to crystallize his ideas in his major work Intellectual and manual labor. In 1978 Sohn-Rethel was appointed Professor for Social Philosophy at Bremen University. He died in Bremen in 1990.

Work
Sohn-Rethel's lifelong project was the critique of Kantian epistemology through Marx's critique of political economy. Even though individuals exchange commodities in order to gain access to their use-value, the act of exchange is possible only through the abstraction from the use-value that permits to draw an equivalence of value between disparate sensible objects. Only the value of these goods is important. This abstraction is called 'real abstraction' because it is not operated by the consciousness of the property owners, but is nevertheless necessarily presupposed by the real act of exchange. Sohn-Rethel believed this abstraction to be the real basis of formal and abstract thinking. All of Kant's categories such as space, time, quality, substance, accident, movement and so forth are present in the act of exchange. Readers of Marx will not be entirely surprised by such a genealogy, since Marx himself suggested that the ideas of freedom and equality, at least as we know them so far, are rooted in the exchange of commodities. Sohn-Rethel's work on the nature of 'real abstraction' has been amplified and extended by the writers of Arena (Australian publishing co-operative), especially the notion that a post-Marxist social and historical analysis can be founded on the 'real abstraction' principle. An example of using Sohn-Rethel's idea of commodity occurs in Slavoj Zizek's work The Sublime Object of Ideology.

The second domain where Sohn-Rethel made important contributions was the study of the economic policies that favoured the rise of German fascism, much of which is based on first-hand knowledge gained from his time at the MWT. He insisted on the difference between different factions of capitalists, the more prospering industries close to Brüning and the less successful industries close to the Harzburger Front (Hugenberg, Hitler) namely coal, construction and steel - with the exception of Krupp. The endorsement of the compromise between industry and big agrarians at the shareholders' meeting of the IG Farben in 1932 paved the way for the dictatorship, according to Sohn-Rethel.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alfred Sohn-Rethel


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Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union

Throughout Russian history famines, droughts and crop failures occurred on the territory of Russia, the Russian Empire and the USSR on more or less regular basis. From the beginning of the 11th to the end of the 16th century, on the territory of Russia for every century there were 8 crop failures, which were repeated every 13 years, sometimes causing prolonged famine in a significant territory. The causes of the famine were different, from natural (droughts, crop failures, low rainfall in a certain year) and economic and political crises; for example, the Great Famine of 1931–1933, colloquially called the Holodomor, the cause of which was the collectivization policy in the USSR, which affected the territory of the Volga region in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan.

Pre-1900 droughts and famines
In the 17th century, Russia experienced the famine of 1601–1603, as a proportion of the population, believed to be its worst as it may have killed 2 million people (1/3 of the population). Other major famines include the Great Famine of 1315–17, which affected much of Europe including part of Russia as well as the Baltic states. The Nikonian chronicle, written between 1127 and 1303, recorded no less than eleven famine years during that period. One of the most serious crises before 1900 was the famine of 1891–1892, which killed between 375,000 and 500,000 people, mainly due to famine-related diseases. Causes included a large autumn drought resulting in crop failures. Attempts by the government to alleviate the situation generally failed which may have contributed to a lack of faith in the Tsarist government and later political instability. In 1899, the Volga area, especially Samara, suffered starvation, typhus and scurvy, which depleted Red Cross aid.

List of post-1900 droughts and famines
The Golubev and Dronin report gives the following table of the major droughts in Russia between 1900 and 2000. Mass famines were reported in years of drought in the 1920s and 1930s, and the last one occurred in 1984.
 * Central: 1920, 1924, 1936, 1946, 1984.
 * Southern: 1901, 1906, 1921, 1939, 1948, 1995.
 * Eastern: 1911, 1931.

1900s
Tsarist Russia experienced a famine in 1901–1902 (affecting 49 governorates, or guberniyas), and again between 1906 and 1908 (affecting 19 to 29 governorates).

1910s
During the Russian Revolution of 1917 and subsequent Russian Civil War, there was a dramatic decline in total agricultural output. Measured in millions of tons, the 1920 grain harvest was only 46.1, compared to 80.1 in 1913. By 1926, it had almost returned to pre-revolutionary levels reaching 76.8.

1920s

The early 1920s saw a series of famines. The deadly Russian famine of 1921–1922 happened as result of the ongoing civil war and garnered wide international attention. The most affected area being the Southeastern areas of European Russia (including Volga region, especially national republics of Idel-Ural, see 1921–22 famine in Tatarstan) and Holodomor in Ukraine (1921—1923). An estimated 16 million people may have been affected and up to 5 million died. Fridtjof Nansen was honored with the 1922 Nobel Peace Prize, in part for his work as High Commissioner for Relief In Russia. Other organizations that helped to combat the Soviet famine were International Save the Children Union and the International Committee of the Red Cross.

After the outbreak of the Russian famine of 1921–1923, the European director of the American Relief Administration, Walter Lyman Brown, began negotiations with Soviet deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, Maxim Litvinov, in Riga, Latvia. An agreement was reached on August 21, 1921, and an additional implementation agreement was signed by Brown and People's Commisar for Foreign Trade Leonid Krasin on December 30, 1921. The U.S. Congress appropriated $20,000,000 for relief under the Russian Famine Relief Act of late 1921, saving millions of starving Russians. At its peak, the ARA employed 300 Americans, more than 120,000 Russians and fed 10.5 million people daily. Its Russian operations were headed by Col. William N. Haskell. The Medical Division of the ARA functioned from November 1921 to June 1923 and helped overcome the typhus epidemic then ravaging Soviet Russia. The ARA's famine relief operations ran in parallel with much smaller Mennonite, Jewish and Quaker famine relief operations in Russia. The ARA's operations in Russia were shut down on June 15, 1923, after it was discovered that the Soviet Union clandestinely renewed the export of grain to Europe.

While the Moscow government recognized the famine in Russia, Soviet authorities paid no attention to the 1921–1923 famine in Ukraine. Moreover, Vladimir Lenin ordered to move trains full of grain from Ukraine to the Volga region, Moscow, and Petrograd, to combat starvation there; 1,127 trains were sent between fall 1921 and August 1922.

Soviet famine of 1932–1933
The second major Soviet famine happened during the initial push for collectivization during the 30s. Major causes include the 1932–33 confiscations of grain and other food by the Soviet authorities which contributed to the famine and affected more than forty million people, especially in the south on the Don and Kuban areas and in Ukraine, where by various estimates millions starved to death or died due to famine related illness (the event known as Holodomor). The famine was perhaps most severe in Kazakhstan where the semi-nomadic pastoralists' traditional way of life was most disturbed by Soviet agricultural ambitions.

Demographic impact
The demographic impact of the famine of 1932–1933 was multifold. In addition to direct and indirect deaths associated with the famine, there were significant internal migrations of Soviet citizens, often fleeing famine-ridden regions. A sudden decline in birthrates permanently "scarred" the long-term population growth of the Soviet Union in a way similar to, although not as severe, as that of World War 2.

Estimates of Soviet deaths attributable to the 1932–1933 famine vary wildly, but are typically given in the range of millions. Vallin et al. estimated that the disasters of the decade culminated in a dramatic fall in fertility and a rise in mortality. Their estimates suggest that total losses can be put at about 4.6 million, 0.9 million of which was due to forced migration, 1 million to a deficit in births, and 2.6 million to exceptional mortality. The long-term demographic consequences of collectivization and the Second World War meant that the Soviet Union's 1989 population was 288 million rather than 315 million, 9% lower than it otherwise would have been. In addition to the deaths, the famine resulted in massive population movements, as about 300,000 Kazakh nomads fled to China, Iran, Mongolia and Afghanistan during the famine. A 2020 Journal of Genocide Research article by Oleh Wolowyna estimated 8.7 million deaths across the entire Soviet Union including 3.9 million in Ukraine, 3.3 million in Russia, and 1.3 million in Kazakhstan, plus a lower number of dead in other republics.

Although famines were taking place in various parts of the USSR in 1932–1933, for example in Kazakhstan, parts of Russia and the Volga German Republic, the name Holodomor is specifically applied to the events that took place in territories populated by Ukrainians and also North Caucasian Kazakhs.

Legacy
The legacy of Holodomor remains a sensitive and controversial issue in contemporary Ukraine where it is regarded as an act of genocide by the government and is generally remembered as one of the greatest tragedies in the nation's history. The issue of Holodomor being an intentional act of genocide or not has often been a subject of dispute between the Russian Federation and Ukrainian government. The modern Russian government has generally attempted to disassociate and downplay any links between itself and the famine.

There is still debate over whether or not Holodomor was a massive failure of policy or a deliberate act of genocide. Robert Conquest held the view that the famine was not intentionally inflicted by Stalin, but "with resulting famine imminent, he could have prevented it, but put “Soviet interest” other than feeding the starving first—thus consciously abetting it". Michael Ellman's analysis of the famine found that "there is some evidence that in 1930-33 ... Stalin also used starvation in his war against the peasants", which he calls a "conscious policy of starvation", but concludes that there were several factors, primarily focusing on the leadership's culpability in continuing to prioritize collectivization and industrialization over preventing mass death, due to their Leninist stance of regarding starvation "as a necessary cost of the progressive policies of industrialisation and the building of socialism", and thus did not "perceive the famine as a humanitarian catastrophe requiring a major effort to relieve distress and hence made only limited relief efforts."

1940s
During the Siege of Leningrad in Russia by the German Reich, as many as one million people died while many more went hungry or starved but survived. Germans tried to starve out Leningrad in order to break its resistance. Starvation was one of the primary causes of death as the food supply was cut off and strict rationing was enforced. Animals in the city were slaughtered and eaten. Instances of cannibalism were reported.

The last major famine in the USSR happened mainly in 1947 as a cumulative effect of consequences of collectivization, war damage, the severe drought in 1946 in over 50 percent of the grain-productive zone of the country and government social policy and mismanagement of grain reserves. The regions primarily affected were Moldova and Holodomor in Ukraine (1946—1947). In Ukraine, between 100,000 and one million people may have perished. In Moldova, according to Soviet officials, the famine claimed the lives of more than 150,000 people, while historians estimate that this figure reaches at least 250,000–300,000 people.

1947–1991
After 1947 there were no known famines. The drought of 1963 caused panic slaughtering of livestock, but there was no risk of famine. After that year the Soviet Union started importing feed grains for its livestock in increasing amounts.

Post-Soviet Russia
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, there have been occasional issues with hunger and food insecurity in Russia. Both Russia and Ukraine were subject to a series of severe droughts from July 2010 to 2015. The 2010 drought saw wheat production fall by 20% in Russia and subsequently resulted in a temporary ban on grain exports.

Notable victims

 * Aleksey Shakhmatov
 * Alexander Blok


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Pembrey Airport

Pembrey West Wales Airport (Welsh: Maes Awyr Pen-Bre) is located 6 NM west northwest of Llanelli (9 NM south of Carmarthen) in Pembrey, Carmarthenshire, in Wales. Pembrey has one hard runway designated as 22LH/C and 04RH/C. The airport and its ICAO code EGPF were withdrawn from the Aeronautical Information Publication in July 2022.

Pembrey airport is situated inside the Royal Air Force danger area D118 known as Pembrey Sands Air Weapons Range. Pembrey is open seven days a week but only open at weekends unless a prior booking is made, due to an LOA with the MoD to operate civil and commercial flights during operational hours as long as any visiting aircraft obtain the required PPR from the RAF. The licence has been temporary withdrawn for construction work to be completed on one of the taxiways by the CAA

History
Construction of the airfield for RAF Flying Training Command started in 1937 and by September 1939, the RAF's No. 2 Air Armament School was the first unit to be stationed at the airfield. By May 1940, the three tarmac runways had been completed.

During World War II Pembrey was an active RAF station and was host to the RAF's Air Gunnery School, after which its activities relaxed a little and it became an air crew holding unit for crews being demobbed. Between 1946 and 1949 RAF Fighter Command was in control of the airfield; work was then put in hand to lengthen Runway 04/22 to take jet aircraft.

From 1949 to 1952 21 Wing RAF Regiment (comprising 15 and 63 Squadrons RAF Regiment) were based at Pembrey. With Runway 04/22 extended to nearly 6000 feet, 233 OCU moved in on 1 September 1952, initially with D.H Vampire aircraft and then with Hawker Hunter aircraft. The unit stayed until 13 July 1957. The airfield closed in September 1957.

Post 1958 part of former RAF Pembrey airfield was turned over to agriculture and part was used as a motor racing circuit. On Thursday 22 August 1997 Pembrey was officially opened as a civil airfield by Captain Winston Thomas at a cost of 3.5 million pounds and named Pembrey West Wales Airport using a single runway (04/22) with a declared length of 805 metres.

On 18 December 2009, Isles of Scilly Skybus operated the first charter flight into the airport. The flight originated from Newquay using a 16-seater aircraft.

Plans
There were plans (2010) to lengthen the runway and lighting arrays to allow larger commercial aircraft to land.

Airlines and destinations
No airlines operate to any scheduled or charter destinations from Pembrey.

Former operators
Other airlines that have operated at Pembrey:
 * Air Wales
 * Air Independence
 * Air Winton (UK)

title: Pembrey Airport


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Investigational New Drug

The United States Food and Drug Administration's Investigational New Drug (IND) program is the means by which a pharmaceutical company obtains permission to start human clinical trials and to ship an experimental drug across state lines (usually to clinical investigators) before a marketing application for the drug has been approved. Regulations are primarily at. Similar procedures are followed in the European Union, Japan, and Canada.

Types

 * Research or investigator INDs are non-commercial INDs filed by researchers to study an unapproved drug or to study an approved drug for a new indication or in a new patient population.
 * Emergency Use INDs, also called compassionate use or single-patient INDs, are filed for emergency use of an unapproved drug when the clinical situation does not allow sufficient time to submit an IND in accordance with 21 CFR §§ 312.23, 312.24. These are most commonly used for life-threatening conditions for which there is no standard treatment.
 * Treatment INDs are filed to make a drug available for the treatment of serious or immediately life-threatening conditions prior to FDA approval. Serious diseases or conditions are stroke, schizophrenia, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, chronic depression, seizures, Alzheimer's dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and narcolepsy.
 * Screening INDs are filed for multiple, closely related compounds in order to screen for the preferred compounds or formulations. The preferred compound can then be developed under a separate IND. Used for screening different salts, esters and other drug derivatives that are chemically different, but pharmacodynamically similar.

Application
The IND application may be divided into the following categories:

 * 1) Preclinical testing consists of animal pharmacology and toxicology studies to assess whether the drug is safe for testing in humans. Also included are any previous experience with the drug in humans (often foreign use).
 * 2) Manufacturing Information includes composition, manufacturer, and stability of, and the controls used for, manufacturing the drug. Used to ensure that the company can adequately produce and supply consistent batches of the drug.
 * 3) Investigator information on the qualifications of clinical investigators, that is, the professionals (generally physicians) who oversee the administration of the experimental drug to the study subjects. Used to assess whether the investigators are qualified to fulfill their clinical trial duties.
 * 4) Clinical trial protocols are the centerpiece of the IND. Detailed protocols for proposed clinical studies to assess whether the initial-phase trials will expose the subjects to unnecessary risks.
 * 5) Other commitments are commitments to obtain informed consent from the research subjects, to obtain a review of the study by an institutional review board (IRB), and to adhere to the investigational new drug regulations.

An IND must also include an Investigator's Brochure intended to educate the trial investigators of the significant facts about the trial drug they need to know to conduct their clinical trial with the least hazard to the subjects or patients.

Once an IND is submitted, the FDA has 30 days to object to the IND or it automatically becomes effective and clinical trials may begin. If the FDA detects a problem, it may place a clinical hold on the IND, prohibiting the start of the clinical studies until the problem is resolved.

Experimental drugs under an IND must be labeled "Caution: New Drug – Limited by Federal (or United States) law to investigational use."

Prevalence
Approximately two-thirds of both INDs and new drug applications (NDAs) are small-molecule drugs. The rest is biopharmaceuticals. About half of the INDs fail in preclinical and clinical phases of drug development.

Examples
The FDA runs a medical marijuana IND program (the Compassionate Investigational New Drug program). It stopped accepting new patients in 1992 after public health authorities concluded there was no scientific value to it, and due to President George H. W. Bush administration's desire to "get tough on crime and drugs." As of 2011, four patients continue to receive cannabis from the government under the program.

Sanctioned by Executive Order 13139, the US Department of Defense employed an anthrax vaccine classified as an investigational new drug (IND) in its Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP).

title: Investigational New Drug


text: User talk:146.96.10.21

title: User talk:146.96.10.21


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Category:Scooby-Doo characters

This category contains characters from the long-running Hanna-Barbera animated television series Scooby-Doo.

title: Category:Scooby-Doo characters


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Neo-Futurists

The Neo-Futurists are an experimental theater troupe founded by Greg Allen in 1988, based on an aesthetics of honesty, speed and brevity. Neo-Futurist theatre was inspired in part by the Italian Futurist movement from the early 20th century. Originating in Chicago, branches of the Neo-Futurists also exist in New York City, San Francisco, and London (the latter under the name Degenerate Fox ).

Aesthetic
The Neo-Futurist aesthetic demands that everything that transpires in their theater be non-illusory, which is to say that they pretend nothing; actors only play themselves. All plays take place on a stage, specifically, the stage on which they are performed, in the present. If one of the performers reports that something has happened, you can bet that it really happened. Much of their work contains the possibility of failure, a unique theatrical component that keeps them and the audience honest. Their plays are wildly eclectic, touching on all genres and tones; plays may be political, satirical, personal, tragic, comic, abstract, musical, surreal, poetic, and so on.

The bottom line is that Neo-Futurism does not buy into the "suspension of disbelief"—it does not attempt to take the audience anywhere else at any other time with any other people. The idea is to deal with what is going on right here and now.

The general setup of the weekly shows is the same across groups and countries. "The Neo-Futurists ensemble attempts to perform 30 short plays in 60 minutes, with the order of the plays determined by the audience shouting out numbers based on a play menu handed out before the show. Each weekend, dice are rolled to determine how many of those plays will be replaced, which keeps each weekend’s iteration fresh."

History
The Neo-Futurists began with the show Too Much Light Makes the Baby Go Blind: 30 Plays in 60 Minutes, often abbreviated as TMLMTBGB (though many refer to it simply as TML). For the first few years, the Neo-Futurist movement consisted entirely of TMLMTBGB, but then expanded to include "prime time productions." These productions began late evening, as opposed to TMLMTBGB late-night starting time (11:30 in Chicago, 10:30 in New York).

The Neo-Futurists have published three books of plays from TMLMTBGB - two books of regular plays, and one of plays that use only one actor. They've also released one CD recording of plays from Too Much Light Makes the Baby Go Blind, one video, and a recording of Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious, a play described as an attempt to destroy comedy by analyzing it to death.

In 2008 the New York Neo-Futurists put on (Not) Just a Day Like Any Other, four autobiographical stories woven together with accompanying Bollywood music videos, relationships charted via PowerPoint, and margaritas for all.

In November 2016, Greg Allen announced in an emailed press release that he intended to revoke the Chicago company's rights to perform TMLMTBGB. Allen had ceased to be a member of the performing ensemble four years prior, and in his announcement he stated his intention to form a new company to perform the show as a way to "combat the new Trump administration." In a response statement, the Neo-Futurists stated that they were "disappointed that it has come to this conclusion," but that "throughout our long history with Greg there have been considerable artistic differences and irreconcilable personal conflicts." Additionally, a former artistic director and ensemble member disputed Allen's claim that the split was motivated by external politics, citing instead ongoing personality conflicts. In solidarity with the Chicago company, the New York and San Francisco productions of Too Much Light also closed that December.

Subsequently, the Neo-Futurists developed and opened a new weekly late-night show in 2017 titled The Infinite Wrench in all three branches to continue to showcase their two-minute plays. The Chicago ensemble notably reached their 10,000th play on September 29, 2017. A fourth branch, operating in London as Degenerate Fox, runs the similar show The Dirty Thirty.

Theater members
Since 1988, the ranks of the Neo-Futurists have included the following individuals (listed alphabetically):

 * Stephen Colbert auditioned for the Neo-Futurists, and was cast as part of the ensemble, but never got an opportunity to perform with them.

Theater locations

 * Chicago: 5153 N. Ashland Avenue (The Neo-Futurist Theater)
 * New York: 154 Christopher Street, Lower Level
 * San Francisco: 447 Minna St.
 * London: 2 Shepperton Road Rosemary Branch Theatre

Accolades
In 2011, the New York Neo-Futurists produced an original piece, "Locker 4173b," wherein Neo-Futurists Joey Rizzolo and Christopher Borg purchased a foreclosed storage locker and, as amateur archaeologists, excavated, catalogued, and chronicled their findings. The show received critical acclaim and received a New York Innovative Theater Award for Outstanding Performance Art Production in 2011.

The New York Neo-Futurists were also New York Innovative Theatre Awards recipients for 'Outstanding Performance Art Production' in 2006, 2011, & 2017, 'Outstanding Ensemble' in 2009, and the Caffe Cino Award 2010. They also have been nominated for two Drama Desk awards in 2012 and 2014. In 2009 the New York company won the Village Voice Readers’ Choice poll for Best Performance Art and was named one of the nytheatre.com People of the Year.

title: Neo-Futurists


text: Category:Scooby-Doo

title: Category:Scooby-Doo


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Webb Ellis Rugby Football Museum

The Webb Ellis Rugby Football Museum is a rugby football museum in the town centre of Rugby in Warwickshire, England, near Rugby School. It takes its name from William Webb Ellis, who is credited with inventing the game of rugby football.

The building dates from 1842, and it historically housed the Gilbert company, makers of rugby footballs, founded by William Gilbert and his nephew James. In 1983, the company was taken over by Rodney Webb, a former England international rugby union player, who conceived the idea of turning the premises into a museum, as at the time there was no museum in Britain dedicated solely to the game of rugby football. It was opened to the public four years later in April 1987.

The museum is packed with much rugby memorabilia, including a Gilbert football of the kind used at Rugby School that was exhibited at the first World's Fair,  at the Great Exhibition in London and the original Richard Lindon (inventor of the rubber bladder for rugby balls) brass hand pump. Traditional handmade rugby balls are still made at the museum.

title: Webb Ellis Rugby Football Museum


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User talk:BranCo

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 | Talk 23:37, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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Image Tagging Image:Sombor.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 05:01, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

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User talk:LIGerasimova

Welcome!
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 | Talk 23:37, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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 * No problem. Remember rules of civility when dealing with people with whose point of view you don't agree, and try not to react when someone is fishing for a reaction.  See my talk page for examples of this (I don't always get messages like that, it's just that today seems to be a bad day...) -- Francs2000 | Talk  23:53, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thank you, LIGerasimova!
I would like to thank you for your support on the Nagorno-Karabakh talk page! I am sorry, if this caused you additional troubles with user Tabib!

Based on your name, may I assume that you speak Russian? If so, I invite you to read some of the articles I wrote in the Russian section of the Wikipedia. I would like to hear your opinion.

Here is the list of some of my articles:

 * &
 * &
 * & (my favorite -:) )
 * &
 * & (раздел "История Армении")
 * &
 * & (also in English: Artsakh )
 * &
 * &
 * &
 * &
 * &
 * & (Христианизация Армении, Догматические особенности Армянской Церкви)
 * &
 * &
 * &
 * &

and some more... Regards, Rovoam 06:53, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC) (A.Kirsanoff)

 * Попытался отправить Вам e-mail, но адрес Michael_Bloese@mac.com по-видимому неправильный. Мой адрес andrew_kirsanoff@yahoo.com.
 * Rovoam 09:42, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Arbitration Committee case opening
An arbitration case involving you has been accepted by the Arbitration Committee. Please bring evidence to Requests for arbitration/Baku Ibne et. al./Evidence. Thank you. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 21:44, 2005 Mar 4 (UTC)

Format for arbitration evidence
On Requests for arbitration/Baku Ibne, et al./Evidence please follow the prescribed format for presenting evidence Fred Bauder 21:05, Mar 10, 2005 (UTC)

WP:AN archives
Please do not mess with the WP:AN archives. Thank you. Noel (talk) 14:24, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Arbitration case - final decision
A decision has been reached in the arbitration case relating to you. All sockpuppet accounts of LIGerasimova/Osmanoglou/etc. - including this one - are to be blocked indefinitely. Please see Requests for arbitration/Baku Ibne, et al. for further details and the full decision. -- sannse (talk) 18:06, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:LIGerasimova


text:
User talk:Prudential

Lake Dialect
Hi, welcome to Wikipedia. Could you please explain where you got your information for the Lake Dialect article you created? An Internet search failed to reveal any information on it. Taco Deposit | Talk-o to Taco 23:37, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

lake
My name is Sascha. My family is not from Newton, but from Brookline/Natick and before that, Roxbury Highlands. Now, I'm from Pondside JP. This story was revealed to me by word of mouth by a friend about 1 generation older than I, and is remebered by Newtonians mainly. (Tell me if you have a local connection to the Mass Bay area...?) This is by far not common knowledge. The area is known as Silver Lake, but was landfilled (because there aren't any real bodies of water in Nonantum as an automobile trip throught the area reveals.)

Tell me, what do you think? I would like to preserve this history...

hmm
Wait, I found something relevant--- not that internet info is superior than going down to the corner store and scoring some old-timer history. How's about this [http://www.boston-online.com/glossary/lake_the.html?

title: User talk:Prudential


text:
User talk:Alexkiddshinobi

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 | Talk 23:37, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Alexkiddshinobi


text: User talk:63.162.32.170

title: User talk:63.162.32.170


text:
Portal:United States/Did you know

Usage
These "Did you know..." subpages are randomly displayed using Random subpage.
 * 1) The layout design for these subpages is preloaded from Portal:United States/Did you know/preload.
 * 2) Add a new DYK to the next available subpage, using three hooks per page. Find hooks using search boxes below:
 * 3) Update the parameters start and end in the template  above.

Nominations
Feel free to add United States-related DYKs from the DYK archives. The monthly archives and some "United States" examples are listed below.

Guidelines
More "Did you know"s can be nominated here. General guidelines for nominations, based on Did you know include:
 * Any United States-related WP:DYKs that have previously appeared at Template:DYK may be added to the next available subpage, above.
 * All hooks must first have appeared on the Main Page in the Did you know section.
 * Note: -- Each hook and selected fact requires a link cited at its respective subpage to the time it appeared on the Main Page in Template:Did you know, or the associated WP:DYK archive at Recent additions.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: Portal:United States/Did you know


text:
La Todolella

La Todolella is a small town and municipality located in the Ports comarca, province of Castelló, part of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain. According to the 2002 census, it has a total population of 140 inhabitants. One of its places of tourist interest is its medieval castle, dating back to the 14th century.

On February 6, 2005, a gas leak in Sant Cristòfol hostel in Todolella killed 18 people while they slept after a birthday celebration.

title: La Todolella


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bhote Koshi

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. No consensus, Keep 3, Delete 3. -- AllyUnion (talk) 07:06, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Bhote Koshi
The text is incomplete & not edited. As it is I'd say delete, although a very thorough rewrite could change my mind. JimmyShelter 23:39, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Weak keep. Seems reasonably informative, if badly edited.  Perilously close to a copyvio, though - see this article from nepalnews.com. Keep it if it can be cleaned up. - Jpo 00:37, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, needs cleanup is all. Wyss 02:16, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - 2 Google hits, possible original research. Megan1967 06:09, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup - I imagine most web pages on it will not be written in English, so number of Google hits is unlikely to be accurate (I'd be interested to know how many hits there are on the Nepalese or Chinese rendering of 'Bhote Koshi'. A $98million energy project seems notable, but this isn't very clear on exactly what the project was. [This is by User:TSP, who forgot to sign. jni 14:02, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)]
 * Delete. Currently reads like a news item. jni 14:02, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Faethon2673

I am not Faethon. My login is Faethon2673 but my password is not Faethon2673. This is to preventage of robbing from my account. Post your public key here and if the average divided by the time is greater than 12% of the number it will be excepted. Faethon2673 23:41, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Faethon2673


text:
Kodos

Kodos may refer to:

 * Kodos the Executioner, a character from the Star Trek episode "The Conscience of the King"
 * Kodos of Kang and Kodos, a character from The Simpsons
 * Warlord Kodos, a character from the Sonic the Hedgehog comic book

title: Kodos


text:
User:Diberri/Urlexpansion test

 * An external URL

title: User:Diberri/Urlexpansion test


text: User:KFan II

title: User:KFan II


text: Talk:Rings of Saturn

title: Talk:Rings of Saturn


text: User:Epicgenius/NYCS next

title: User:Epicgenius/NYCS next


text: User talk:68.95.185.120

title: User talk:68.95.185.120


text: User talk:69.172.91.96

title: User talk:69.172.91.96


text:
Coral Ridge Mall

Coral Ridge Mall is an enclosed super-regional shopping mall located just south of Interstate 80 in Coralville, Iowa. The mall's primary trade area includes Iowa City, Cedar Rapids, and other parts of eastern Iowa. It is owned and managed by Brookfield Properties, which acquired the original developer of the mall, General Growth Properties, in 2018.

The mall has a total floor area of 1,187,097 square feet (110,285 m2), with a gross leasable area of 979,415 square feet (90,991 m2). It also features a 1,000-seat food court with Wi-Fi internet access, a large "antique" carousel, a children's play area, and an NHL regulation-sized ice rink. While the ice rink is primarily used for public skating, the University of Iowa Hawkeyes hockey team plays most of its home games there.

The mall's anchor stores are PetSmart, Marshalls, Barnes & Noble, Dillard's, Ashley HomeStore, Marcus Cinema, The Iowa Children's Museum, Best Buy, Target, H&M, Scheels All Sports, JCPenney, Old Navy, Shoe Dept. Encore, Five Below, Ulta Beauty, HomeGoods, and Planet Fitness.

History
Coral Ridge Mall opened on July 29, 1998, with 100% of its floor space leased. It attracted one million visitors in its first 30 days and continues to attract roughly 10 million visitors a year. It also spawned additional retail development at the interchange of I-80 and Iowa Highway 965, now known as Coral Ridge Avenue. Big-box stores such as Kohl's, Lowe's, Dressbarn (closed in 2019) and a Wal-Mart Supercenter (currently branded as simply Walmart) have opened in the years following Coral Ridge's opening.

In 2013, Sears closed.

In July 2016, the former Sears was demolished to make way for six new stores.

In April 2017, Coral Ridge announced HomeGoods, Marshalls, PetSmart and Ulta Beauty opens in September.

On April 18, 2018, it was announced that Younkers will close, as the parent, Bon-Ton Stores, is going out of business.

On August 29, 2018, Younkers closed its doors permanently. The mall has four anchors remaining.

In March 2019, Five Below opens.

In November 2019, Ashley HomeStore opens in former Younkers.

In January 2020, Pier 1, which is by the mall, closed.

On February 21, 2020, Tuesday Morning opens, which closed in April 2023.

In May 2020, Forever 21 closed permanently and Scheels expanded to that space along with 6 more store spaces.

In April 2021, H&M officially opened their second Iowa location in the mall.

In February 2023, Planet Fitness opened as a new junior anchor, taking over 5 store spaces. The mall currently has 11 junior anchors right now.

Economic impact
When Coral Ridge Mall was planned, Iowa City business owners were concerned that the mall would take business away from them. While taxable sales in Coralville increased from $171.2 million in 1998 to $314.6 million in 1999, sales in Iowa City increased from $701.1 million to $733.3 million in that same period. By 2006 taxable sales in Coralville would grow to $549.7 million while sales in Iowa City grew to $901.4 million. However, a 2000 report by Iowa State University economics professor Kenneth Stone stated that 18 eastern Iowa counties lost over $120 million in retail sales to Johnson County in Coral Ridge's first year. In addition, despite the overall increase in taxable sales, general merchandise and apparel sales in Iowa City declined between 1997 and 2007.

Several malls in eastern Iowa, including Old Capitol Mall in downtown Iowa City and Westdale Mall in Cedar Rapids, saw an increased number of store closings after Coral Ridge Mall opened. Most of Coral Ridge Mall's anchors, except for Younkers and Dillard's, relocated from other shopping centers in the Iowa City area; Younkers ran two stores in Johnson County before closing its Old Capitol Mall store in January 2005. By 2008, Old Capitol Mall and Sycamore Mall in Iowa City would rebound to 95 percent occupancy under local ownership while downtown Iowa City merchants began to focus on specialty retail.

Coral Ridge Mall was built in a tax increment financing district. The Des Moines Register reported on August 13, 2006, that the city of Coralville was using the $7 million in property taxes generated by the mall to pay off long-term debts on a new hotel and convention center instead of using it for local services.

Incidents at Coral Ridge Mall
On September 3, 2003, during routine structural checks, officials discovered someone had been secretly growing marijuana near the mall's ceiling. No plants themselves were found but growing lights, gardening pots, and seeds were found in the roof space above one of the tenants. The amount of marijuana that had been grown could not be determined. The perpetrator faced an additional five years to their prison sentence due to the proximity of the Iowa Children's Museum in Coral Ridge Mall.

On June 12, 2015, at approximately 7:30PM, a 20-year-old woman who worked at the Iowa Children's Museum was shot at her place of employment near the food court area. She was transported to University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics where she died a short time later. An eyewitness, who worked at a kiosk in the mall, said the shooter was a mall security guard who had allegedly been fired for harassing the victim earlier in the day.

title: Coral Ridge Mall


text:
Eochaid Étgudach

Eochaid or Eochu Étgudach ('possessing clothes') or Etgedach ('negligent'?),   son of Dáire Doimthech,   son of Conghal, son of Eadaman, son of Mal, son of Lugaid,   son of Íth,   son of Breogán, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. According to the Lebor Gabála Érenn he was chosen as king by the remaining quarter of the men of Ireland after the other three-quarters had died with the former king, Tigernmas, while worshipping the deity Crom Cruach. He introduced a system whereby the number of colours a man could wear in his clothes depended on his social rank, from one colour for a slave to seven for a king or queen. He ruled for four years, until he was killed in battle at Tara by Cermna Finn, who succeeded to the throne jointly with his brother Sobairce. His reign is synchronised with that of Eupales in Assyria. The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 1159–1155 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters (which adds that there was a seven-year interregnum between Tigernmas' death and Eochaid's accession) to 1537–1533 BC.

Important notes
Eochaid Étgudach is a son of Daire Doimthech, son of Conghal. His father, Daire Doimthech, should not be confused with another different person, also called Dáire Doimthech, who was a son of Sithbolg, and was a legendary King of Tara.

title: Eochaid Étgudach


text:
User:B Touch/My working page

/Supremes

title: User:B Touch/My working page


text:
Education in Korea

Historically, Korea was differently ruled and named. The official records on organised education start with Three Kingdoms period.

 * ???-108 BC Gojoseon
 * 57 BC-668 - epoch of Three Kingdoms: Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla; in fact divided into 4 kingdoms, including also a small kingdom of Gaya
 * 668-926 Unified Silla and Balhae
 * 918-1392 Goryeo - the national civil service examinations (gwageo) established in 958;
 * 1392-1910 Joseon, see Education in the Joseon Dynasty
 * 1910-1945 Korea was under Japanese occupation, see: Education in Japanese rule

Since 1945, Korea has been divided into two separate countries
 * For North Korea, see Education in North Korea.
 * For South Korea, see Education in South Korea.

title: Education in Korea


text:
Gula language

Gula language may refer to several African languages:

 * Three closely related Bua languages in southern Chad
 * Two less closely related Bongo-Baguirmi languages:
 * Gula language (Chad)
 * Tar Gula language in the Central African Republic and Sudan
 * Gola language in Liberia

title: Gula language


text:
Political divisions of Korea

Political divisions of Korea may refer to:

 * Administrative divisions of North Korea
 * Administrative divisions of South Korea
 * Provinces of Korea - historical information
 * Special cities of North Korea
 * Special cities of South Korea

title: Political divisions of Korea


text: Category:Trojan War

title: Category:Trojan War