text:
User talk:Alan Canon

Pope Lick Monster
I was inclined to speedy-delete-tag this when I first saw it, but a quick Google showed that it was, amazingly, a genuine example of a mythical creature. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:05, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

RE:Mohler
Very nice. I think you've about covered it as neutrally as can be done. As I said on the talk page, even Mohler publicly admits he's controversial. The addition of the supporting view to counter the "Taliban" comment was very good. I don't think it's going to get better unless someone who's more familiar with him than the two of us comes along and starts working on it. =) Xaa 20:49, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I think asking Flex if it satisfies him and he would like to remove the tag would be a good idea. If it does, great!  If it doesn't, oh well.  You did your best. =) Xaa 21:03, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm glad my advice helped, and you're very welcome. =) Xaa 08:06, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

2005 South Asia earthquake
Thank you for your contribution at 2005 South Asia earthquake. Please keep it up!!!  Pradeepsomani  ( talk )

Thanks
Hi Alan, It's been great working with you on these articles. It refreshes me and reminds me I'm not alone when I see other people like yourself out there who are devoted to making wikipedia better. Don't let the Pope Lick Monster get you when you're down there poking around, we need you on wikipedia!

--Victoria h 20:45, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Good article
Keep up the excellent editing. One thing you might want to consider is including footnotes which are becoming more and more of an important part of really high-quality articles on Wikipedia. There isn't consensus right now on how to footnote (there are a number of examples listed on Wikipedia policy page), but a good set of footnotes is vital if you want to take the article to featured article status. Consider filing a peer review request too to get more ideas for how to improve the article. After you do that, apply for featured article status and, if successful, you'll see your work featured on the front page of Wikipedia! Best of luck, --ScienceApologist 18:57, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The footnotes styles on Wikipedia do suffer from a lack of consistency, but I'm sure an editor as good as yourself will find a style that works for the article.

 * The size restrictions on Wikipedia are more of guidelines rather than policy. I could see, though, a number of decent spinout articles that could be made with respect to your article. If you decide to do something like Geology of Mammoth Cave or History of Mammoth Cave you can use the template under the appropriate section and "offload" some of the content to new articles while keeping a brief summary of the content in the major article. Doing this for articles that may be interesting in their own right (for example, there may be people interested in the geology but not the history or park management or other subjects included in the main article) is often the best way to go to avoid people nominating your articles for deletion.

 * Also, it dawns on me that you could even have two different articles one for the Mammoth Cave system itself and another one for the National Park. They are two different subjects after all. To create a new article from the redirect above, just click on the small link at the top of the page and you'll go to the redirect page which you can edit with new content. Let me know if that sounds appealing to you and you have problems doing it.

 * Good luck, --ScienceApologist 19:18, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

Yarmuth
Hey there! Are you the one vandalizing John's entry?? ;) (Just kidding) - David

Patty Jo Watson
A tag has been placed on the article Patty Jo Watson, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be a biographical account about a person, group of people, or band, but it does not indicate how or why he/she/they is/are notable. If you can indicate why Patty Jo Watson is really notable, I advise you to edit the article promptly, and also put a note on Talk:Patty Jo Watson. Any admin should check for such edits before deleting the article. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Please read our criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 7 under Articles. You might also want to read our general biography criteria. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. To contest the tagging and request that admins should wait a while for you to assert his/her/their notability, please affix the template  to the page, and then immediately add such an assertion. It is also a very good idea to add citations from reliable sources in order that your article will be verifiable. Stifle 20:16, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

mammoth cave national park
hi alan, its just a cosmetic thing. if you still have the GA tag on the discussion page, then its still a good article. Zzzzz 20:19, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Church of Christ Article Improvement Drive: Support.
Taking this to your Talk page to reduce clutter on AID page. You mentioned attention to the Church of Christ in the media...I wonder if it's the murder in Selmer, Tennessee, and then Rusty Yates (a mass-media celebrity because of the murders of his children by Andrea Yates) has remarried within the Church of Christ. Creepy, but perhaps those were impetus to several to edit. I did a lot of editing today and yesterday, but it was all mostly cleanup of what people had put before: there were so few, gigantic, sections that there was no way to get a handle on things. I like the idea that the article is sitting in "neutral" territory (i.e. in a secular encyclopedia) so that here maybe of all places, the different factions can come together and each contribute something of what they know of the Churches of Christ, subject to the WikiPedia editorial policies to resolve disputes and so forth (hey the big problem with the Churches of Christ is they can't agree on the ground rules of debate, so why not the wiki policy?) I also think that makes the article a good candidate for the Article Improvement Drive. Alan Canon 22:23, 2 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, I did mean the murder, but I know next to nothing about the details of that event, so I didn't want to be too specific. I am aware that it is in the media now, and thought maybe that's why the article was getting so much attention. It's come a long way in the last week though and I just thought maybe we could get it up to featured article status :D - cohesion  t 22:27, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

Spoilers on opera articles
Hi I see you put back the spoiler tag on La fille du regiment. I've reverted and would like to explain why. There was a big discussion about spoilers on the Opera Project talk page and as there was unanimous agreement about removing them from all opera articles, we removed them. - Kleinzach 23:27, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

 * First of all I don't have a music degree, but I have helped create the internet, having been active since the beginning of the 1990s. Second La fille du regiment is an opera not an operetta. Third, you are absolutely entitled to your own opinion, but why not put it with the discussion rather than on my Talk page where no-one will read it? Keep up the good work! Best wishes. - Kleinzach 08:25, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Lipscomb
Ha, I haven't looked at David Lipscomb in a while and somehow it fell off my watchlist. I actually went to school at Lipscomb University for a year and a half before a transfer :) Now I'm going to go read up about him! - cohesion 21:53, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Church of Christ rv
If I did anything to help I am glad and thank you. When was the rv done because I have no memory of it and could not find it in my recent contribs or the article page history?-- Dakota ~ 16:34, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

 * That's OK, yes I remember that one John Dale because the revert and warning worked. Wish they could all be that easy. Thanks again.-- Dakota  ~ 19:25, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

The Day the Earth Stood Still
Nice edit. Much appreciated. -- Slowmover 16:43, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Daniel Sommer Edit
Thanks for the edit on the Sommer page. How do i send you messages instead of editing your page?

Hope that you liked my edits ...
to the B. C. Goodpasture and Marshall Keeble articles. I only heard Keeble once, as a child, but have been aware of his influences in the C of C and beyond for a long time. In fact, my parents were quite close to Willie and Maxine Cato. Willie, as you may know, was for several years one of Keeble's "handlers", as I called them with no intended disrespect, who served as his liasons to white congregations. I have long felt that Keeble deserved an article and am glad that you started one and hope that I have helped it slightly. As for Goodpasture, I was once admitted to the school bearing his name, but wound up not attending because of the distance from my then-home to Madison. Rlquall 15:26, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your gracious comments. You might be interested that I was a fairly "big time" caver myself many years ago in my pre-married days, and am still a life member of NSS, but don't do much with it.  (Never enjoyed vertical/"technical"-type work, which was the rage in the 70s.  Regards, Rlquall 11:31, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Louisville
Greetings. I've been dropping a line to all Louisville residents I can find to ask them to consider joining the new WikiProject Louisville. It has been determined there is a *lot* of work to do yet remaining for Louisville-related subjects, and therefore we would definitely appreciate your presence. If by chance you are unable to join us, that's all right, but if you can, please tell other Louisvillians about this worthy project. Thank you for your time! Stevie is the man! Talk • Work 16:44, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Hi! Are you the Alan Canon who called public radio last night? If so, thanks!

Wow
It's unusual (and fantastic) for someone to take the time to call & say something positive. So thanks again!

Caving
Most of my caving was in the 1970's (when I was young & single!). I was the first one into one passage at Cumberland Caverns on a mapping trip with John Smyre and the Sullivan brothers (one of whom, Mike is now a Knoxville policeman and National Guard officer fairly recently back from Iraq; what became of Pat I don't know, last I heard he was in Ireland). I used to go to NSS events back then & am a lifetime member but haven't done anything in years other than VERY occassionally read the magazine. I'm still interested; my wife will tell you that my "ideal" vacation still involves seeing a commerical cave at some point during the trip, but I've never really succeeded in getting her interested in taking it beyond that. When I was at TVA for a little while in the late 1970's I was involved in searching for "cavities" in the rims of Tellico and the Raccoon Mtn. Pumped Storage; it was like getting paid to go caving and cave hunting (respectively). If you want more specifics (i.e., pre-development England Cove) I can share more. Regards, Rlquall 19:15, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
 * To make the dialog easier, I have posted a reply to your last immediately below your latest reply on my own discussion page, which makes it a little easier to go back-and-forth and also, I suppose, for others to follow the conversation, if there are any which really care to do so. Regards, Rlquall 14:00, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Floyd Collins
Hi Alan, I'm thinking of expanding the Floyd Collins article, mostly expanding on the rescue effort and media coverage (based mainly on the Murray/Brucker book), but probably expanding a bit in each of the other sections. You and I are the only ones who've touched it recently, and I don't want to step on your toes if you already have something cooking. Cheers, CliffC 03:02, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Go right ahead, please! I don't have any changes planned. Looking forward to reading your edits. Alan Canon 19:32, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:RevLonnieLanthamArrestPhoto.jpg
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Palmer Furnace
Saw your contribution on the carbide lamp page. Wondering if you have any more info on the "Palmer furnace" with regards to origin of phrase, etc. I'm one of Art Palmer's nephews... Macboots (talk) 05:36, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Good article reassessment/Mammoth Cave National Park/1
As one of the people who has over 10 edits at Mammoth Cave National Park and has edited it this year, your attention is needed at Good article reassessment/Mammoth Cave National Park/1.--TonyTheTiger (t/c/bio/WP:CHICAGO/WP:LOTM) 15:23, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

Ed Kalnins
Who keeps deleting the quotes from sermons of Kalnins (that critics of Bush's Katrina handling will go to hell, and those who vote for Kerry will not get into heaven)?

Who deletes the source links, such as the page containing the videotapes of the sermons from which the quotes are taken (check the validity with your own eyes and ears).

If Kalnins is so non-notable, why are so many peopel involved in deleting information and the sources?

Why is it impossible to create a link from the terms and expressions on Palin's page to the wikipedia pages for those terms (assuming they are not deleted immediately after they are created? For example, Wasilla Assembly of God has a Wikipedia page, but the link from Palin's page does not get you there?

These three pages were my first, today, and I am but a simple mathematician who is new to this, but I had no idea Wikipedia was controlled by political advocates trying to block and delete information.

- EricDiesel —Preceding unsigned comment added by EricDiesel (talk • contribs) 23:48, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

Courier Journal - 9/24/2008
I saw you in the newspaper today, maybe time to edit the CJ's website to point it to you? What about articles on the Mag & Back Door? Just kidding, but keep up the good work.

--Anonymous Drinking Buddy —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.138.211.22 (talk) 07:46, 25 September 2008 (UTC)

Harvard Bridge revert
Your rewording changed the meaning of what was being said. "Measurement uncertainty" is a specific thing. - Denimadept (talk) 16:02, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

Your article has been moved to AfC space
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Your article submission Skip Farrell

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Your draft article, User:Alan Canon/sandbox

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Ramesses III
Alan. Can you please restore the DNA results on Ramses 3 on his page. This is very important information in him that was taken off. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Allanana79 (talk • contribs) 07:36, 25 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Evidently I removed it because of racism or trying to hide THE TRUTH!. Doug Weller  talk 19:02, 25 December 2015 (UTC)

Marshall Keeble
Thank you for creating Marshall Keeble. This RS says his father was owned by John Bell Keeble, but JBK was born in 1868, after slavery was abolished. The author probably made an error and he was probably owned by Keeble's father, Edwin Augustus Keeble, but we would need a better RS. As the author is dead, I can't e-mail him. Are you able to find out more please?Zigzig20s (talk) 02:38, 20 February 2018 (UTC)

Horace Carter Hovey moved to draftspace
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WikiProject Louisville Newsletter
Stefen Towers among the rest!  Gab • Gruntwerk 06:44, 10 April 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alan Canon


text: User talk:81.82.130.173

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:81.82.130.173


text:
MiniGrail

MiniGRAIL was a type of Resonant Mass Antenna, which is a massive sphere that used to detect gravitational waves. The MiniGRAIL was the first such detector to use a spherical design. It is located at Leiden University in the Netherlands. The project was managed by the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory. A team from the Department of Theoretical Physics of the University of Geneva, Switzerland, was also heavily involved. The project was terminated in 2005.

Gravitational waves are a type of radiation that is emitted by objects that have mass and are undergoing acceleration. The strongest sources of gravitational waves are suspected to be compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes. This detector may be able to detect certain types of instabilities in rotating single and binary neutron stars, and the merger of small black holes or neutron stars.

Design
A spherical design has the benefit of being able to detect gravitational waves arriving from any direction, and it is sensitive to polarization. When gravitation waves with frequencies around 3,000 Hz pass through the MiniGRAIL ball, it will vibrate with displacements on the order of 10−20 m. For comparison, the cross-section of a single proton (the nucleus of a hydrogen atom), is 10−15 m (1 fm).

To improve sensitivity, the detector was intended to operate at a temperature of 20 mK. The original antenna for the MiniGRAIL detector was a 68 cm diameter sphere made of an alloy of copper with 6% aluminium. This sphere had a mass of 1,150 kg and resonated at a frequency of 3,250 Hz. It was isolated from vibration by seven 140 kg masses. The bandwidth of the detector was expected to be ±230 Hz.

During the casting of the sphere, a crack appeared that reduced the quality to unacceptable levels. It was replaced by a 68 cm sphere with a mass of 1,300 kg. This was manufactured by ItalBronze in Brazil. The larger mass lowered the resonant frequencies by about 200 Hz. The sphere is suspended from stainless steel cables to which springs and masses are attached to dampen vibrations. Cooling is accomplished using a dilution refrigerator.

Tests at temperatures of 5 K showed that the detector had a peak strain sensitivity of 1.5 × 10−20 Hz−$1/2$ at a frequency of 2942.9 Hz. Over a bandwidth of 30 Hz, the strain sensitivity was more than 5 × 10−20 Hz−$1/2$. This sensitivity is expected to improve by an order of magnitude when the instrument is operating at 50 mK.

A similar detector named "Mario Schenberg" is located in São Paulo. The co-operation of the detectors strongly increase the chances of detection by looking at coincidences.

title: MiniGrail


text:
Lake Bolsena

Lake Bolsena (Lago di Bolsena) is a lake of volcanic origin in the northern part of the province of Viterbo  called Alto Lazio ("Upper Latium") or Tuscia in central Italy. It is the largest volcanic lake in Europe. Roman historic records indicate activity of the Vulsini volcano occurred as recently as 104 BC; it has been dormant since then. The two islands in the southern part of the lake were formed by underwater eruptions following the collapse that created the depression.

The lake is supplied entirely from the aquifer, rainfall and runoff, with one outlet at the southern end. A sewage treatment plant filters most of the raw sewage from the surrounding communities. Constructed in 1996, it features pipelines transporting the sewage from every major community around the lake to the treatment plant on the Marta River; that is, no effluents enter the lake. Fertilizers are a second source of contamination. However, the chemical content of the lake is monitored at several stations around it.

The lake has a long historic tradition. The Romans called it Lacus Volsinii, adapting the Etruscan name, Velzna, of the last Etruscan city to hold out against Rome, which was translocated after 264 BC, and its original location today has not been securely identified. The lake is bordered on one side by a modernized version of the Roman consular road Via Cassia. In addition to the historic sites of all periods, Lake Bolsena is currently surrounded by numerous tourist establishments, largely for camping, agrotourism and bed and breakfasts.

One third of the lake was donated to the Catholic church by the noble family Alberici of Orvieto. In recognition of the donation, the Alberici family was honored with a ceremony three times a year performed by the Bishop of Orvieto.

Geography
The lake has an oval shape typical of crater lakes. The long axis of the ellipse is aligned in a north–south direction. The bottom is roughly conical, reaching a maximum depth at a point in the middle. The entire lake is surrounded by hills on the flanks and summits of which are the comuni. The watershed was home to 22,000 permanent residents in 2004, and 35,000 in the summer season.

Elevations on the north of the lake are the highest, with a maximum of 702 m. As the lake is at 305 m, no hill is more than 397 m higher than it. On the northern rim of the caldera is San Lorenzo Nuovo ("New Saint Lawrence"), which was moved from an older site (a hypothetical San Lorenzo Vecchio, "Old Saint Lawrence") further down the slope to avoid malaria. The northern shore of the lake once featured marshes, breeding grounds for the mosquitos that carry the disease. Currently it is agricultural. At the site of old San Lorenzo are Etruscan antiquities. To the north of San Lorenzo Nuovo and the caldera rim is Acquapendente.

The hills to the east are 600 m to 650 m. Bolsena extends upward on the northeast shore, with Orvieto 14 km further to the northeast, at the edge of the volcanic region. On the southeast of the lake is Montefiascone at an elevation of 633 m, up on the ridge of Montefiascone caldera. To the south of the lake is Marta, on the right bank of the Marta River, sole effluent of the lake. The shore there is straight and developed. Elevations are within 100 m of the lake. Next to Marta are Valentano and Capodimonte, the latter being built on and around nearly the only headland on the lake, which forms a protective harbor. About 15 km to the south are Tuscania and Viterbo, the latter being the regional capital.

From Valentano north is the Latera caldera, a shallow crater perhaps half the size of Lake Bolsena, with Lake Mezzano (usually too small for the map) at the western end. On its north rim is Latera. The floor of the caldera is mainly agricultural although the uncultivable rocky lava flows have been left forested. Although the hills on the west side of Lake Bolsena are only slightly higher than those on the south, the terrain is somewhat too rough for settlement. Fields extend as far as they can into v-shaped valleys and there is no flat shore.

The hills to the north loom over the lake. At their western edge are Grotte di Castro and Gradoli.

Geology
Lake Bolsena is at the center of the Vulsinii (or Vulsino) Volcanic District of the Roman Comagmatic Region. The lake formed when a circular area collapsed after the depletion of the underlying magmatic chamber that fed the whole volcanic district. Although it is generally known as a volcanic lake, like its southern neighbor Lake Bracciano it is not a crater lake nor does it occupy a caldera. The major calderas of the area are found close to the lake's rim (Latera to the west and Montefiascone to the south east).

Bisentina
With an area of 17 ha, Bisentina is the largest island, and is accessible via a ferry service from Capodimonte. On the island are groves of evergreen oaks, Italian gardens, and various monuments: the church of Saint James and Saint Christopher with its cupola built by the architect Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola; the Franciscan convent; the Rocchina, a small temple dedicated to Saint Catherine. The latter was constructed in an octagonal floorplan by Antonio da Sangallo, over an Etruscan columbarium previously erected on a rocky outcrop on the lake. Another monument, the chapel of the Crucifix, contains frescos of the fifth century. The Malta dei Papi, a former prison for ecclesiastics found guilty of heresy, was shaped from a small cave with a trapdoor placed at a height of 20 m. Mysterious in its creation, located under Mount Tabor, the highest point of the island, cited by Dante Alighieri as a life-prison. "Malta dei Papi is a deep tunnel dug into the tuff at the end of which there is an underground chamber of about 6 meters built around a well, and above which there is a circular opening used to collect water. The waterproof plaster found on its inside walls reveal that the structure was used as a cistern in Roman Times. However, its origin is probably much older than that and linked to the volcanic thermal waters that flow underneath.

Forgotten after being turned for a long time into a stage of atrocities as a prison for heretics, this chamber became subject of occultist conversation in the late 19th century in Madame Blavatsky’s theosophic society, who considered this place to be one of the secret entrances to the underground kingdom of Agarthi, "the Inaccessible".

The Etruscans and the Romans left few traces of their stay on the island. In the 9th century it provided refuge from the incursions of the Saracens.

About 1250, it became the property of the lord of Bisenzio, who abandoned it and burned it following disagreements with the inhabitants of the island. In 1261, Urban IV reconquered it. The island was destroyed again in 1333 by Louis IV of Bavaria, accused of heresy and excommunicated by the pope. The property of the Farnese family from 1400 onwards, it had a period of prosperity and was visited by many popes.

In 1635, it was governed by Odoardo Farnese, duke of Castro, who entered into conflict with the Church, resulting in the total destruction of Castro. The two islands returned to the Church's control but were soon ceded again. The princess Beatrice Spada Potenziani, wife of the duke Fieschi Ravaschieri, owned it until 2017. Where it was sold to a foundation.

Martana
Located opposite the town of Marta, the island of Martana is reputed to have once guarded the relics of Saint Christine to keep them from falling into the hands of the barbarians. Later, it is said that, during the dominion of the Goths, their queen Amalasuntha was assassinated there.

The island is currently private property and no visitors are allowed.

Marta outlet
The Marta is an emissary of Lake Bolsena to the east of the community of Marta, emptying into the Tyrrhenian Sea. After passing through Marta, Tuscania and Tarquinia, it reaches the sea near Lido di Tarquinia. Salt pans have been constructed between its mouth and that of the Mignone river.

Comuni bordering the lake
The following comuni are situated on the shore of Lake Bolsena:

 * Bolsena
 * Montefiascone
 * Marta
 * Capodimonte
 * Valentano
 * Gradoli
 * Grotte di Castro
 * San Lorenzo Nuovo

Each has a designated length of beach for summer swimming. Some of these have facilities such as cafés, restaurants and boat rentals.

Other nearby towns are Sorano, Pitigliano, Acquapendente and Orvieto, with Onano to the northwest.

title: Lake Bolsena


text:
Talk:Sun Belt

Metropolitan area is confused with combined statistical area. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.181.17.20 (talk) 19:20, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

Ronald Reagan was from Illinois not California.

Holden 27

Originally, yes, but California became his adopted home, and he was elected governor there twice.

 * Likewise the Bushes aren't from Texas, but it is their adopted home. --Angr/undefined 22:48, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

W Bush is from Texas. H.W. Bush is definitely a New Englander. He represented Connecticut and has strong ties to Maine.

W Bush isn't from Texas. He was born in Conn. Likewise, H. W. Bush is a New Englander from Mass.

Arkansas is not mentioned as being in the Sun Belt, yet Bill Clinton is included as having come from a Sun Belt state. (Arkansas probably has an arguable case for being in the Sun Belt, but it is neither mentioned in the article nor included on the map.))

Wilson wasn't the only president raised in a Sun Belt who held office prior to 1964 as Andrew Jackson was born and raised in South Carolina.

 * The Bush family moved to Texas when George W. was three years old. That qualifies him as being from Texas.

Environment
The environment is important to Sun Belt states? Many have amongst the weakest environmental regulations in the country.

Growing economic opportunities
Two references to growing economic opportunities - but GDP rates do not show that Sun Belt states generally perform better than non-Sun Belt states, with States like Washington, North Dakota, etc., ranking as high or better. Did the Sun Belt Marketing board add this line? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 163.252.254.202 (talk) 18:03, 20 September 2018 (UTC)

What?
How come Louisville, Kentucky be included in the sun belt while Nashville, Tennessee or Denver, Colorado get excluded? If any no one can explain this, I'll delete the Louisville link.

 * I removed it. If nothing else, it is very far from the zone shown on the map. Pfly 10:15, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Southern virginia?
what bout southern virginia?

Carson City?
How does Carson City fit into the Sun Belt? Corvus cornix talk  21:12, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Oppressive heat?
>> ... air conditioning has made it easier for people to deal with the oppressive heat that grips the region during the summertime

Give me a break! Some of us enjoy the heat. 64.221.15.66 (talk) 21:13, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Also, over the past several decades, air conditioning has made it easier for people to deal with the heat in portions of the region during the summertime.

 * I fully understand and agree with your point, and I'm happy to see that the POV "oppressive" has apparently been removed. But the current wording, with its "portions of the region," seems misleading to me. Is there any part of the Sun Belt where there isn't any hot weather in the summer, or where air conditioning hasn't been adopted (by many people, though not all) to help deal with it? Even in the cooler high-elevation Sun Belt cities like Flagstaff, the temperature often gets into the '90s in the hottest part of the summer. It apparently hit 103F there last week, if the chart on Weather Underground is to be believed. I'd propose a wording like "...to deal with the heat in the region's typically hot summers." 65.213.77.129 (talk) 19:48, 24 July 2009 (UTC)

 * To address the question, although most areas of the Belt are very warm in the summer, the SF Bay Area is pretty cool in the summertime (often darn cold) and air conditioning is far from universal in that area. Even down toward LA air conditioning is not considered an absolute necessity. Obviously this is unique to the Pacific coast but still it is the Sun Belt (and though geographically small that region represents a huge portion of the Sun Belt population).
 * --Mcorazao (talk) 14:20, 1 September 2009 (UTC)

European sunbelt
http://www.solarthermalworld.org/node/757 Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece and Cyprus. -Pedro (talk) 22:24, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

List: Major cities within the Sun Belt
User 208.81.184.4 recently reverted the list of cities from a compact table back to a list. Not that it matters a whole lot but I think the table is better simply because the list is long with lots of white space and scrolling down is a nuissance. It is frankly debatable whether listing out so many cities has real value but if this is going to be kept I think making it more compact is worthwhile.

Anyway, I'm not going to get into an edit war over it but if somebody else agrees with me feel free to put the table back in the way I had it. --Mcorazao (talk) 14:25, 1 September 2009 (UTC)

Transient
Why doesn't the article mention that the sunbelt is transient..South Bay (talk) 03:18, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

Presidents 'from' the sunbelt
"Since Lyndon B. Johnson's election in 1964, every elected United States President, with the exception of Barack Obama from Illinois, has been from the Sun Belt. (Gerald Ford, who was from Michigan, served as President following Richard Nixon's resignation but was not elected as President, and lost to Georgia's Jimmy Carter in the 1976 election.)"

This seems to infer that the presidents were born in the sunbelt. But Ronald Reagan (Illinois), George H W Bush (Massachusetts), and George W Bush (Connecticut) were all born outside. I know thet Reagan and George W Bush were governers of sun belts states but I think this passage is still a bit missleading. 81.97.41.36 (talk) 20:32, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

Incorrect Metropolitan Areas Statistics
The 'Major Cities in the Sunbelt' section of this article speaks of the largest metropolitan areas, then uses CSA (combined statistical area) rather than MSA (metropolitan statistical area) numbers, leading to inaccurate numbers and skewed data. The table should be changed to represent MSA's as seen in the 2010 census: http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/10smadb/2010smadb.pdf

It seems that most modern sources rely on MSA information rather than CSA. If the CSA info must remain, then the entirety of the Major Cities section needs to be rewritten for accuracy. Thoughts?24.242.196.176 (talk) 14:08, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

 * I'm no statistician, but I have a couple of thoughts based on my own experience. I live in the SF Bay Area.  It appears that SF and San Jose are in different MSAs but the same CSA.  I feel like most people that talk about the Bay Area would include San Jose within their conception of the whole urban area.  I think there must be similar examples from other urban areas, but I don't really know.  I guess what I'm saying is that I'm unsure limiting the data to MSAs would fairly reflect the actual size of these different urban areas.

 * Also, the pdf you linked is from 2010, it doesn't have the 2010 census data. But (hopefully!) that problem can be fixed.  AgnosticAphid  talk 17:18, 9 May 2012 (UTC)

 * We should definitely use MSA as consistent with wikipedia. The US Government always uses MSAs as opposed to CSAs. House1090 (talk) 19:19, 1 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Done. It doesn't matter which we use (MSA or CSA), just so long as we're consistent. I think the fact that SF and SJ are separate areas is ridiculous, but that's how the govt does its stats, and mixing CSAs with MSAs is bad form. Having CSA populations in there means that the SF population, for example, does not correspond with the GMP figures, which are measured by MSA. Brycehughes (talk) 10:23, 10 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I clarified the text to indicate the discussion is the 10 largest MSAs rather than the 10 largest metro areas. I still am super skeptical that it is appropriate to use MSAs rather than metro areas just because "those are the government statistics" when we are apparently in agreement that the SF metro area includes SJ even though it's not in the MSA.  If we want a meaningful discussion of the largest metro areas in the Sun Belt it seems pretty clear to me that a discussion of the largest MSAs in the Sun Belt doesn't fulfill that role.  But I will defer to others' thoughts as I'm no statistician like I said.  AgnosticAphid  talk 19:19, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I agree it is a mess of definitions, none of which are ideal. "Metro area" is typically synonymous with MSA in the United States. For example, if you look at this list, the source for the U.S. metro area data is the Census MSA data. CSA isn't a very good substitute measure in my opinion – for example, they lump Baltimore in with Washington, DC. And Los angeles ends up getting almost everything in Southern California save for San Diego County. My preferred measure of city masses is this one, although most of the data are from non-government sources.

 * One thing we could do is sum the SF and SJ metro areas figures for both population and GMP, and then make a note of it below. But it seems a little contrived and I don't see any reason why readers couldn't just do this themselves if they happened to want to know the number of people living beside the SF Bay while reading this article. Brycehughes (talk) 20:09, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

Hello, friends. Not to rehash this mostly inconsequential dispute, but I did notice that the List of Metropolitan Areas of the United States uses CSAs and not MSAs. I'm not positive why that decision was made. Thoughts? Should we follow along?  AgnosticAphid  talk 02:59, 17 January 2014 (UTC)

 * You certainly could, so long as it's consistent across areas. MSAs are more widely used, so it is a bit unusual that the article uses CSAs, particularly given the "metropolitan areas" title. You just don't see that very often. Doesn't mean it's wrong. It's all pretty subjective (SF + san jose = SF? then, washington + baltimore = washington? etc.). Brycehughes (talk) 06:48, 17 January 2014 (UTC)

 * I posted a request for insight at the list and I'll report back if I come up with anything insightful.  AgnosticAphid  talk 21:30, 17 January 2014 (UTC)

slight change to copy edit of lede
I slightly changed the wording of the sentence about people moving to the sun belt in the lede.

I thought that the copy edit was great, but it changed the sentence to say that retiring baby boomers move because of the milder climate, whereas before it said that population had increased because of moving baby boomers and the milder climate.

I don't really know which is more accurate, I was just trying to restore the previous meaning. The result is admittedly a bit awkward. AgnosticAphid talk 22:51, 5 September 2012 (UTC)

Immigration
There is a reference to "immigrants, both documented and undocumented". That is a euphemism. Shouldn't it properly ready "both legal and illegal"?203.184.41.226 (talk) 03:46, 31 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, my perhaps incorrect understanding is that overstaying your visa is not a crime in and of itself. So, although I'm inclined to agree that "documented and undocumented" is a euphemism (certainly these immigrants have some kind of documents), "legal and illegal" is not much of an accurate substitute.   AgnosticAphid  talk 00:44, 5 September 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Population
The infobox provides an exact population figure, supported by this citation. However, that link is just a collection of state populations and the figure in our article is therefore original research. My searches for a replacement ref are not going well. There's lots of stuff about population growth and stuff about individual city or state populations (example), but nothing to support the 144,460,016 figure. Matt Deres (talk) 16:01, 5 January 2018 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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Arkansas Added (September 2020)
I've been researching sunbelt states and their population's propensity to avoid high per capita COVID-19 deaths relative to their COVID-19 case numbers. It seems this is due to the abundancy of sunshine, i.e. the high elevation of the sun and the ability of the population to naturally produce Vitamin D which is known to help the human body defend against respiratory disease. Interestingly, the majority of the sunbelt states are currently clumped together in the national per capita ranks of both total cases and total deaths. This clump of states between the ranks of 15th and 24th in total cases includes South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Texas, Nevada (partial sunbelt), Alabama, New Mexico, and Arkansas. However, I've noticed Arkansas is not mentioned in the Definition paragraph at all - not as a sunbelt state or even a partial sunbelt state. This omission is mentioned at the top of this talk page as well. Since one method of defining the north / south sunbelt boundary is using the 36th parallel, one can see the vast majority of Arkansas is below this line. In fact, it can be argued that it is better positioned than some of the other sunbelt states and it appears that about 90% of the state is below the 36th parallel - for example Arkansas's northern border is further south than the northern borders of both Arizona and New Mexico. When one considers the elevation of the sun, it doesn't make sense to exclude Arkansas while including New Mexico and Arizona. And is it not odd that Arkansas State is included in the college sports Sunbelt Conference? Therefore, I am adding Arkansas to the list. Oklahoma may be another candidate for entry as a possible sunbelt state or at least a partial sunbelt state, but that's another discussion. Mark The Droner

Lubbock and Amarillo are not in the sun belt
It regularly gets below freezing. It is too cold for them to be counted as sun belt.

Major cities in not always included the Sun Belt
I have removed the section "Major cities in not always included the Sun Belt" twice because it is unsourced and frankly makes no sense to me. It keeps being restored, so I thought maybe editors can discuss here why this section should be in the article and a citation for the content which appears to be original research. Thanks, Bahooka (talk) 04:44, 31 August 2022 (UTC)

False claim in caption? "American crocodile, a vulnerable species found only in Florida"
The article linked to American crocodile states "The American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) is a species of crocodilian found in the Neotropics. It is the most widespread of the four extant species of crocodiles from the Americas, with populations present from South Florida and the coasts of Mexico to as far south as Peru and Venezuela." Both claims can't be true. Barefoot through the chollas (talk) 18:17, 22 January 2023 (UTC)

Major cities
I removed the Major cities section per WP:NOTDIRECTORY. It is an unsourced and unhelpful list of random cities that sometimes fall within the Sun Belt. Editors are constantly changing the cities, but the list does nothing to help readers understand the article topic. My removal was reverted by a now-blocked user. Recommend leaving it off. Bahooka (talk) 00:26, 27 May 2023 (UTC)

 * A matter of perspective, perhaps. I recommend leaving it. It doesn't violate the no-directory restrictions; with states listed in the article there's no need for redundant sourcing; it's not random, but arranged by size; and it gives a good first-step, click-and-explore intro to the geographic, climatic and cultural variety of the major urban components of the Sun Belt. It's relevant and informative, a helpful piece of the article, just like similar lists in Midwestern United States, Southern United States, etc. . -- On the other hand, there are some odd statements: the cross-border metropolitan areas of San Diego-Tijuana and El Paso–Juárez lie partially within the Sun Belt; Partially? And this, while of interest in itself, doesn't seem to relate to Sun Belt specifically, nor is there any notion of why only one county is mentioned: Los Angeles County has a veteran population of 270 462. Barefoot through the chollas (talk) 02:14, 27 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I’m also in favor of keeping a list of major cities, along with the other commenter. I’m not sure that it is correct to say that it is "unsourced," at least for most of the cities here. If we have a source telling us that the state of Arizona is in the Sun Belt, it necessarily follows that the city of Phoenix is in the Sun Belt—there is no need for an extra source affirming the latter when the former is already evident.
 * However, I do think the list could use some paring down. For instance, the current version includes several places that really are not "major cities" but just suburbs with large populations—Gilbert, AZ, even though it is home to half a million people, is effectively inseperable from Phoenix; Rio Rancho, even though it is a separate municipality, is a suburb whose economy is dependent upon Albuquerque; North Las Vegas is, as the name implies, a suburb of Las Vegas. Kenner, Louisiana only has a population of 60,000—not "major" by any stretch. Including these kinds of dependent municipalities as "major cities" seems silly to me. The inclusion of the metropolis that they are effectively a part of is sufficient. No need to introduce bloat by listing in detail every suburb.
 * Furthermore, a couple of states that are partly but not entirely in the Sun Belt need to be pared down on the cities list. As is, it lists San Francisco as a major Sun Belt city. San Francisco is, of course, not part of the Sun Belt—it is in Northern California. Knoxville lies in a damp and dreary part of Tennessee (I know as I’m from there), and according to the map on the page is not part of the Sun Belt. Same goes for parts of North Carolina which are listed in the cities here but excluded from the actual map. GreenLoeb (talk) 05:08, 31 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Good points. In fact it seems that there are two issues here, in the form of two lists: Largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Major cities usually included in the Sun Belt, both in the section entitled Major cities. The first is coherent, arranged by size. The second is to some extent cherry-picked, with strange lacunae (e.g. Pasadena, Santa Barbara), and definitely needs at least re-thinking. Barefoot through the chollas (talk) 18:40, 31 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sun Belt


text: User talk:80.127.155.18

title: User talk:80.127.155.18


text: Category:Sports mass media

title: Category:Sports mass media


text:
Talk:Shamateurism

"The first Olympics to officially accept professional athletes was...erm, either 1988 or 1992." Can we do better than that? --Henrygb 13:06, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Yo Mr Moderator dude

Erm Shamateurism is to do with professional amateurism as popularised by rugby union in particular. It is a perjorative term and cannot be described without highlighting 100 years of hate and discrimination from the union code to the league code. I mean in the history of the world only one sport has ever said if you play this other sport (whether paid for it or not), you can never ever play our game again. This is a point worthy of making. There's enough pro-union bias in the world. Why do you want to extend it to here? Why do you keep over-writing what I said?

86.134.199.34 22:25, 23 October 2007 (UTC)Paul

 * There is no moderator here, nor is there a unionite bias. There was an article here called "Shamateurism", it was merged with "amateur sports" following a vote. All the content was moved to the other article.
 * "Shamateurism" automatically redirects to the main article. When you edited the article you removed the redirect, this was why your edits were reverted.GordyB 08:49, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shamateurism


text:
Talk:Wide Sargasso Sea

Too little info
This as it stands adds only a few dozen words to what is already at Jean Rhys. This should be a redirect, and the list of novel titles at Jean Rhys should be briefly annotated. These entries gain from having some context. --Wetman 13:09, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

TIME List
In the article, under "Awards," it says that TIME named the novel one of the 100 best novels of all time. I clicked on the link, and the list only includes English-language novels written from 1923 to the present... I'll edit it.

Unformatted text removed from article
Notes and Quotes Wide Sargasso Sea

Antoinette’s Character:We see that Antoinette is constantly scared and insecure and constantly needs to feel safe. In the beginning she says “my father, visitors, horses, feeling safe in bed-all belonged to the past”. “A soft black cloak to cover me, hide me, keep me safe. But not any longer. Not any more.” Indeed in the beginning she had a stick with nails under her bed when she was young because she thought it would keep her safe. Things first started changing when she went to the convent. bShe also has many scary dreams at night most of them being foreboding and she is considered to be a very mysterious child which can be seen in the fact that already from the first chapter she has 2 dreams very much alike all of them very scary and all of them showing to her what is yet to come. Moreover we see that throughout the three parts she gets dreams telling her about her future. Particularly in her last dream she sees she has to burn Thornfield to find herself and she proceeds with doing so in the end. She is also very introverted which can be seen in the fact that she constantly thinks to herself and very rarely reveals her thoughts to others “It was covered with green moss soft as velvet and I never wanted to move again.” Moreover she is very proud because she says “I would have died sooner than run”. Her pride is seen again when she stops talking to Edward when he sleeps with Amelie. However she does give it up at some point seeing that she does go to Christophine and ask for an obeah potion because she is desperate to make Edward love her. Antoinette is a very calm person which can be seen by her reaction when she new she was going to get mocked or pushed around on her way to the convent. Yet she never panics and maintains a very cool and calm attitude. However we do see that she loses her cool when Edward sleeps with Amelie next to her room however it must be pointed out that her reaction is nothing out of the ordinary. Antoinette really loves her mother despite the fact that she keeps pushing her away and only pays attention to Pierre which can be seen in the fact that she felt safe when she was close to her “A soft black cloak to cover me, hide me, keep me safe. But not any longer. Not any more.” This can be seen in the fact that when she is in the convent she is very sad and misses her mother “and my mother, whom I must forget and pray for as though she were dead, though she is living, liked to dress in white”. She only leads a normal life for a short while, when she is in the convent and when she is friends with Tia. Her feelings about Edward are very mixed. She does love him and trusts him she is very confused and constantly fears he might hurt her. We see she constantly falls into streams of consciousness especially towards the end which shows that maybe Daniel was rights concerning the fact that she may suffer from some form of hereditary madness. However we do see that she has a form of logic considering that she waits till Grace Poole snores to take the keys and leave the attic. This is what makes us come to the conclusion that she was probably driven to madness because Edward didn’t love her. Antoinette above all is characterized by a great love for the West Indies. She really admires nature and appreciates the beauty of the place. She feels that Granbois is her refuge and that if everything gets lost she will still have it until Edward ruins it for her by breaking her heart. Antoinette has been deeply scared from her childhood and the experiences she went through at that time. She is part of two cultures black and white and can’t be at ease or comfortable with either. This can be seen by the fact that she gets bullied by black people when she is young but still she cant understand the way Edward behaves and how he has learned to hide his feelings. In the end we see Antoinette has lost herself and no longer knows who she is “who am I?”

Christophine’s Character: Throughout the novel Christophine is the only friend Antoinette has. She really loves and cares for her. This is illustrated very clearly in the conversation she has with Edward in Part II were she begs him to leave Antoinette behind so that she can take care of her. She is involved in some kind of black magic “obeah” as it’s called in the book which adds to the whole mystery created around her character. She is very calm and always treats others well whether she likes them or not even when referring to Edward he says that he has a good heart which is objectively true.

Annette’s Character: She is very miserable an introverted like Antoinette which can be seen in the fact that she spends a lot of time in her room by herself. She loves Pierre and rejects Antoinette which is shown by the fact that when Pierre dies she goes mad and when her daughter goes to visit her she pushes her away. She understands and appreciates blacks which can be seen in the way she supports them when she has fights with Mr. Mason. She has spent her entire life with them and thus doesn’t treat them condescendingly like the English imperialists do. We never really find out what happens to Annette until the very end of the book when we see she became an alcoholic, this shows us that Mr. Masons neglect really did affect her and that she probably wouldn’t have gone mad had Mr. Mason taken care of her and had her keepers not abused her. Aunt Cora’s Character: Throughout the novel aunt Cora is the only family member Antoinette gets close to. Aunt Cora handles the incident with the black people burning Coulibri very calmly and rationally and handles the situation in such a way so that they all get saved. This shows how calm and rational Aunt Cora is.

Mr. Mason’s Character: Mr. Mason like all English colonialists wants everything under his control which explains why he is so captivated by Annette because he simply can’t control her. This also explains why he clipped the parrot’s wings. He neglects Annette when she gets mad and hires to random people to take care of her and doesn’t visit her much, although he cares for her he doesn’t like seeing her in such a state which shows that he is like Richard selfish.

Edward’s Character: Like Mr. Mason he also likes to control things, which is why he hates Granbois. Because it is placed in an uncontrollable environment he feels out of place in an environment where “the rain fell more heavily, huge drops”. However the more he falls for Antoinette the more he starts to admire the beauty of the place he is in despite the fact that it is the antithesis of England. He is also very arrogant which can be seen in the way he bosses everyone about and condescend the servants. This is very clearly illustrated in the scene were he steps on the wreath that the people at Granbois made to wish him and Antoinette a happy life together. He always gives out the impression that he is cold when he is uncomfortable or when he wants to hide his feelings. For example when he talks to Christophine about Antoinette’s condition we see his thoughts and the pain he feels but he never puts these thoughts across to Christophine because that was the way he had been brought up. He has to face a difficult relationship with his father seeing that his father favors his brother. That is the reason for which he marries Antoinette to prove to his father he can make his own living and is worthy of being his son. This is illustrated in the letters he writes to him in which he has a very cold and detached tone and at no point does he reveal his feelings of unhappiness. Towards the end however we see he hates his father and blames him for his bad luck “All I get is curses and get-outs from that damn devil my father”. He is very selfish and possessive which is illustrated in the fact that he won’t let Christophine keep Antoinette and take care of her. This is very effectively illustrated where he says “My Lunatic” and “My mad girl”. This is also illustrated in the fact that whenever he talks about pain for ruining his relationship he always refers to his personal pain and never that Antoinette feels. We see many relevant aspects in the relationship between Mr. Mason and Annette and Edward and Antoinette seeing that both mother and daughter go mad due to neglect. Moreover their attitude towards the blacks and the civilization there is equally condescending and shows a great amount of arrogance. He does care for Antoinette which is illustrated in the fact that he doesn’t abandon her when she is mad. At some point he even admits to loving her. Even in the end we see he remembers all their past conversasions. He is also very proud which is illustrated in the fact that he sleeps with Amelie the minute Daniel insinuates Antoinette may be cheating on him with Sandi. Moreover whenever someone shows pity for him he immediately gets offended. He is very pompous because he doesn’t believe he could be wrong and even when Christophine confirms what Antoinette has been saying he refuses to understand. We also see he is very closed minded because the minute he listens about Antoinette’s possible madness and cheating he closes his ears to everything Antoinette has to say. The climax of his possessiveness and willingness to control his environment is seen when he starts calling Antoinette Bertha and thus in a way strips her from her identity and her true self simply because he liked the name Bertha. Daniel’s Character: He is very bitter, which is a result of his father’s rejection and the fact that he wasn’t recognized. He hates Antoinette which is illustrated in the fact that now that she is finally happy he wants to ruin it. He is illiterate which can be seen in the way the letter is written. He also twists facts so that they favor him. For example in the letter he mentions Antoinette’s mother being mad but he never explains the full story that made her become mad.

Setting: The place where they live is very isolated and the next door house was thought to be haunted “Mr. Luttrels house was left empty, shutters banging in the wind. Soon the black people said it was haunted, they wouldn’t go near it. And no one came near us.” Coulibri is a hauntingly beautiful place which is however overgrown and neglected due to the current state of poverty in which Antoinette’s family is in. The whole atmosphere is very hostile because the black people constantly jeer at them, poison their horses and never go near them. There are unbridgeable gaps in society between whites, blacks and Creoles. Their house however was very beautiful and Antoinette really loved it “our garden was large and beautiful as the garden in the Bible-the tree of life grew there but it had gone wild.” There is also very exotic vegetation and the setting has many colours making it extremely overpowering “It was a bell shaped mass of white, mauve, deep purples, wonderful to see. The scent was very sweet and strong I never went near it.” “Deep and dark green under the trees, brown green if it had rained but a bright sparkling green in the sun.” Towards the end of part one there are certain incidents that show us the tension is very close to the surface “It was then I heard the bamboos creak again and a sound like a whisper.” Moreover we see how close to the surface the tension is when Annette tells Mr. Mason not to discuss racial issues in front of the servants because they cannot be trusted, “I shouldn’t discuss that if I were you. Myra is listening. Colours are one of the most prevailing visual imageries throughout the novel seeing that Rhys constantly plays with the blues, the greens, the reds and the intense passionate colours found in the West Indies. There is a form of Supernatural in the atmosphere, the fact that Christophine is obeah, the fact that moths are so big and the fact that people are so superstitious there adds to the eeriness of the atmosphere. Narrative Technique

The fact that the first part is narrated by Antoinette as a child is very effective because we see the racial tension, Coulibri, her relationship with her mother from the eyes of a child and we see exactly how much her childhood scared her. The author creates a very eerie and isolated atmosphere by saying things like “Mr. Luttrell’s house was left empty shutters banging in the wind. The use of the local dialect, patois, makes the scene described feel even more real and creates aural imagery. Antoinette’s foreboding dreams add to the whole mysterious atmosphere of the novel by showing the reader some things about what will happen in the future. The scene that the black people set fire to the house is very well narrated seeing that tension keeps rising and Annette keeps begging Mr. Mason to leave Coulibri and the more he declines the more the tension is rising. It reaches a climax where it says that “its bad luck to see a parrot die.” Moreover the fact that time keeps passing and the story is told in bits and pieces makes it look more as if it’s a person reminiscing his childhood. Indeed we see that even in Edwards narration parts are being skipped thus not only increasing the feeling of memories this novel creates but also increasing suspense and leaving things open to interpretation. For example it is never clarified whether or not Antoinette had a relationship with Sandi. The above fact is also enhanced by the use of gossip as the main source of the readers’ information. For instance most things about Antoinette's past we learn them from the letter Daniel sent to Edward which isn’t a reliable source of information seeing that Daniel always tries to twist facts to his benefit. There is a great deal of foreshadowing in this novel which adds to the mysterious atmosphere Rhys creates having incorporated characters like Christophine in it that are supposedly involved with black magic. The fact that we have three narrators: Antoinette, Edward and Grace Poole helps us sympathize with both Antoinette and Edward and view the facts that pushed Antoinette to madness from multiple angles.

Rewster 23:32, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

WSS and Jane Eyre
Would it improve this article to include a short description of the differences between Brontë's Jane Eyre and Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea? (e.g. Rhys changes the time period of Bertha/Antoinette's marriage to the Englishman by approximately 20 years, to post Emancipation) BellyOption 13:47, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Reformatted Character, Setting and Narrative Technique, but overall article a little too chatty. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.32.196.27 (talk • contribs) 19:37, 22 April 2007
 * I concur. --SydSid (talk) 23:32, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

The comparison of dates is incorrect. Jane Eyre is not set in 1810 - she receives a copy of Marmion which was not available in a fairly-priced version until the release of the 1825 folio. This article refers to her receiving "a book published in 1805" - Marmion wasn't even begun until 1806. So I'm removing that paragraph until some better proof of the chronology difference is shown. Reynardo (talk) 09:23, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

copyedit
The summary and character sections look a lot like being copied from somewhere last Sunday, but possibly just from a self-made term paper. Apart from wikifying, could the (apparantly Belize) author re-read his writing under an encyclopadia perspective? I find it a bit hard to read (more commas and paragraphs might just do it, depending on how they would like it)...--FlammingoHey 13:08, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

Re-entered deleted text from up in the talk page under appropriate captions. Will do more serious editing when I have time.--206.27.244.160 21:08, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't see how reinstating the information above adds to the encyclopedic value of the article; it is horribly written, redundant, and greatly takes away from whatever merit this article may have. I echo the sentiment above that it reads like a book report and recommend deleting it entirely and starting afresh, preferably with references and citations, some of which I know are easy to find.  I'll make the cut and begin research if people agree, but suggestions are welcome.  María ( habla  con migo ) 20:06, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that the sections about characters and narrative technique (still, after quite a bit of editing) look like a book report and should be removed. I'm not convinced that the article needs a description of each character and their motivations at all. If they must exist, as María says, it should not be hard to find references and citations. Telsa (talk) 17:01, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I did some preliminary clean-up, removing the lengthy character descriptions and other uncited material. When I get the book in front of me, I plan to add a detailed (but not too detailed, heh) plot description and other information from available journal articles.  Please, anyone pitch in if they can. María ( críticame ) 12:58, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

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Preceded by in infobox
The Infobox book documentation says that the "preceded_by" parameter in the infobox should specify "Title of prior book in series..." The lead section of this article says that Wide Sargasso Sea "serves as a postcolonial and feminist prequel to Charlotte Brontë's novel Jane Eyre..." So, though written more than a century later, it's a prequel, which is probably why someone set up the infobox that way. But in my opinion, this is more confusing than informative. Though Wide Sargasso Sea is a prequel, it's not really in a series of books with Jayne Eyre. So, I think the infobox should not say that it's preceded by Jayne Eyre. What do other editors think? — Mudwater (Talk) 21:06, 22 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Agreed. It's not in the same series. MichaelMaggs (talk) 21:14, 22 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I haven't edited many articles about books.  Thinking about this further, the guideline in the infobox documentation says that "preceded by" should specify "title of prior book in series", but it doesn't define what a series is.  It appears that there's an established practice where sometimes the series is a group of closely related books that might have been written by different authors -- for example, The Clue of the Broken Locket -- and sometimes it's a group of unrelated books written by the same author -- for example, David Copperfield.  Right?  I'm asking more in general now, as neither of these uses would make Jane Eyre a "preceded by" of Wide Sargasso Sea. — Mudwater (Talk) 12:02, 23 October 2021 (UTC)
 * You're right that the infobox documentation isn't very clear. Also, it seems that for some authors such as Agatha Christie, common practice is to use the fields to list all novels by date, regardless whether they are part of a series or not. I'm pretty sure I've seen lengthy discussions about this in the past, but they seem to have resulted neither in a change to the documentation nor to the variety of usage to which editors put these fields in practice. MichaelMaggs (talk) 13:35, 23 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the feedback. I'm going to go ahead and update the article now.  If anyone objects, which I think they won't, they can chime in here. — Mudwater (Talk) 17:01, 23 October 2021 (UTC)
 * This is an interesting topic. I agree with the decision not to use a "series" link here. I think it's challenging to define when two books are "in a series" and when they are merely related. The Wizard of Oz books clearly make "a series" despite changing authors, while I don't think Alec: A Novel and Maurice (novel) make a series. Maybe "a series" is, a set of books in the same 'world' (eg, same characters/settings), either by one author, or by a set of authors who shared writing in close succession / wrote for the 'same' audience. I don't think unrelated works by one author should be a series-- publication order is already discoverable from a list of the author's works, and for books like Autobiography of Red and Red Doc it's useful to "jump" across the author's career to the next related book. I'm not familiar with past discussions, though. ~ L 🌸  (talk) 02:54, 24 October 2021 (UTC)
 * My two cents: I think it's a series when the author (or authors) intend it to be a series and have stated so on the cover of the book or in public interviews etc. Laurier (talk) 07:00, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

 * I think that Preceded by should always be used for books by one author, my view. When people write books they feel are based on the same characters as a famous novel like Jane Eyre, then that could be mentioned in the article somewhere. Giving a new author such a tie to Charlotte Brontë makes no sense to me. On the other hand, I do see the feature as useful for all the articles on books by Agatha Christie and the shorter list of novels by Charles Dickens, as well as for named series of books, like The Cadfael Chronicles series by Ellis Peters, starting with A Morbid Taste for Bones and all featuring the character Brother Cadfael in the 1100s in Shrewsbury, as one example. Another place where confusion arises is the situation of Anne Hillerman, the daughter of Tony Hillerman writing books using her father's characters, especially Jim Chee and Bernadette Manuelito. The article on Spider Woman's Daughter by Anne Hillerman, gives her father's last book as Preceded by, in the info box. My own view is that her books start something new, as she is not her father, she is another author. There are so many views on what Preceded by does mean or should mean, I guess. -- Prairieplant (talk) 07:35, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wide Sargasso Sea


text: Category:Languages of Ireland

title: Category:Languages of Ireland


text:
File:Thewestlake.jpg

View of West Lake from a row boat

title: File:Thewestlake.jpg


text:
Talk:Sandbag

Content
I removed a comment about about Americans filling sandbags with priceless relics, because: Securiger 13:11, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * it was inaccurate; the version given was the grossly distorted blogger version. In reality it was Poles, not Americans, they did it under supervision of museum staff, and it was an area already severely damaged by Saddam building tourist carparks and statues to himself;
 * the tone was POV;
 * they weren't sandbags but Hesco Concertainers (which are more like gabions), so no sandbags were involved anyway; and
 * it isn't appropriate for this article, which is about the technical merits of burlap bags, not political issues related to the occupation of Iraq.

 * Your last point is probably the most important. I am curious as to whether other contributors think about the inclusion of this information.  Perhaps this information doesn't belong in this article.  But I stand by its accuracy.
 * I did not get the information from grossly distorted blogs. I got the information from the BBC and the Guardian.
 * This Guardian article says ... thousands of tonnes of archaeological material used to fill sandbags and mesh crates... Perhaps the mesh crates are the Hesco Concertainers you referred to.  But that gabions were filled does not contradict what I reported -- that valuable archeological items were used to fill sandbags.
 * This Guardian article says Due to security concerns, Iraqi experts were shut out, especially the people from the State Board of Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH) whom the coalition military probably saw as Ba'athist holdovers.
 * Cheers -- Geo Swan 16:04, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Nothing about theatrical use?
It's pretty clear that the article is focused on the use of sandbags in temporary structures, particularly battlefield fortifications and flood control. I'm kind of surprised, though, to find no mention whatsoever of their use in theatre, where they're commonly used to weigh down set pieces to prevent shifting (especially if it's a temporary set) and have been historically used as counterweights for rigging of lights and fly systems. A brief mention in the uses section would seem to be a good addition, if proper sourcing is handy. (My knowledge is based on personal experience, which isn't a reliable source to add it to the article.) oknazevad (talk) 18:03, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

 * "Sandbags are also used for disposable ballast in gas balloons, and as counterweights for theatre sets." It's already in there, but could use a citation. --Dual Freq (talk) 20:59, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sandbag


text:
Talk:Humayun Azad

Untitled
Removed until a suitable alternative explanation:

"Police arrested two individuals in connection to this assassination attempt. Ironically, both of them are members of the Awami League, which was outspoken in its criticism of Islamists for such an act."

--- The insidious implication that Awami League is somehow related to the assassination attempt is hard to ignore. Sure, they were arrested by the police under the BNP givernment, but were they proven guilty? Even if they were, were they instructed by the Awami League officials?
 * Please sign up your name using four tides when you leave a message. Thanks. Tarif Ezaz Bangladesh 18:08, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

References needed
According to me the article is written well so far. The informations are reliable. But it is needed to give the references from where the informantions are taken. Those who contributed in certain areas could give the references from where you took them. You have to make it verifiable.Tarif Ezaz Bangladesh 18:20, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

contributions of 81.247.169.200
Anonymous edits from this IP have significantly altered the content of the article. These new edits need to be scrutinized and revised for language and content if necessary.--Zaheen (talk) 15:06, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Proposed merge with Humayun Azad bibliography
Per outcome of AfD discussion Jackmcbarn (talk) 02:52, 1 September 2013 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:21, 25 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Humayun Azad.jpg

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:36, 21 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Humayun Azad in 1968 (cropped).jpg

title: Talk:Humayun Azad


text:
Talk:Biodiversity and evolution

Nominating for deletion
This overlaps considerably with the Biodiversity article. I am going to nominate this article for deletion. Murphy2010 (talk) 22:42, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

Article needs a lot of work
This article is a disaster. There are errors in grammar, missing citations, and weasel words galore. In fact, there really isn't much on this page at all about how evolution affects biodiversity: where's the necessary information about speciation, mutation, or even evolution for that matter? I'm going to see how much of this I can clean up; if I can't, I'm going to request a merger or deletion. Murphy2010 (talk) 19:42, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

Okay, look, I don't mean to do a page-blank here, but none of this is relevant to Evolution and Biodiversity. Evolution has NOTHING to do with the origins of life (which is why I deleted that section wholesale); it concerns itself with changing ratios of phenotypic expression, usually due to genetic drift and natural selection. Furthermore, the rest of the article deals with the "History of Biodiversity". The history section could talk about evolution, but it doesn't, and instead makes some dubious and contradictory claims about how Earth's biodiversity now is higher than it ever has been (but since people arrived, it has been declining since a few million years ago). I'm going to try to leave some information in this article, but I need to make some very drastic edits before I can even begin to add to the article (if that is even possible).

If it doesn't work out, I'm going to request a merger or deletion (if there is too little information left when I'm done here). Murphy2010 (talk) 20:08, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

French text
I have no idea where this came from, is it copyvio? It was in the main article as a comment, Anyway, it's in French so I'll go through it if I have time. Dunc|☺

termes de référence http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/courses/EEB105/lectures/Origins_of_Life/origins.html

Au cours du précambrien (qui couvre près de 3.5 milliards d’années soit environ 90% de l’histoire de la Terre, une évolution physico-chimique dote la planète

 * d’une géosphère différenciée, avec des masses continentales (environ 500 à 600 millions d’années après la formation de la Terre)
 * d’une atmosphère secondaire, riche en eau, en dioxyde de carbone et en diazote. Cette atmosphère riche en CO2 favorise l’effet de serre et augmente la température moyenne du globe. Cette atmosphère ne contient pas alors de dioxygène.
 * une hydrosphère, les températures étant suffisamment élevées pour permettre la condensation de l’eau

Les observations et déductions semblent indiquer que la vie serait apparue il y 3.5 milliards d’années.

Les premières molécules organiques se seraient formées à partir d'éléments simples provenant de l'atmosphère primitive, contenant de la vapeur d'eau, du gaz carbonique (CO2), de l'ammonique (NH3), de l'hydrogène sulfuré (SH2) etc, atmosphère surchauffée, parcourue par des décharges électriques (éclairs) et très ionisée (radiations atomiques). Les molécules organiques simples se seraient ensuite associées pour former acides aminés, acides gras, trioses, bases puriques et pyrimidiques... Lors du refroidissement terrestre, ces molécules auraient été entrainées vers les océans ou se seraient créés des molécules plus complexes, protéines, lipides, sucres, acides nucléiques... Cette évolution aboutit à la formation du premier être vivant : l'éobionte (ou protobionte, ou biogénote). L'éobionte aurait été hétérotrophe (utilisation de molécules organique comme source d'énergie), d'où une disparition progressive des ressources disponibles. Il a fallu environ un miliard d'années pour que le premier être vivant aquatique soit réalisé. Puis, l'éobionte aurait évolué et acquis la capacité de photosynthèse (utilisation de la lumière solaire comme source d'énergie).

Des formes de vie appelées cyanobactéries ou cyanophycées ou algues bleues, se seraient alors multipliées dans les océans ; Ces organismes unicellulaires ont la particularité de posséder de la chlorophylle et d’être capable de produire de la matière organique par le biais de la photosynthèse, à partir de gaz carbonique et d'eau. Un déchet de cette réaction est l'oxygène, qui s'est lentement accumulé dans les océans, puis dans l'atmosphère.

L'atmosphère s'est ainsi progressivement enrichit en oxygène (en deux milliard d'années) jusqu'à atteindre la proportion de 21%. Cet enrichissement est dit biogène (ie, c'est le vivant qui a modifié l'atmosphère primitive - actuellement 80% de l'oxygène de l'atmosphère provient dy phytoplancton marin). La présence de l'oxygène a amené les organismes vivant à "inventer" la respiration, qui permet de produire de l'énergie en tranformant les sucres par oxydation, en dioxide de carbone plus eau.

Par ailleurs, la présence d'oxygène dans l'atmosphère a eu pour conséquence d'aboutir à la formation d'ozone dans la haute atmosphère (12 à 25 km), constituant un écran efficace contre les rayons ultra violet B. On estime que c'est au silurien (il y a 500 millions d'années), alors que le taux d'oxygène était d'environ 10% le taux actuel, que l'écran protecteur fut suffisant. C'est à cette époque que les êtres vivants sont sortis des eaux pour gagner la terre ferme et devenir aériens.

La sortie des eaux
C'est au silurien que des bactéries, des cyanobactéries, des algues, des lichens (association d'algues et de champignons) et des mousses, ont colonisé le milieu terrestre et ont commencé à participer à la formation des premiers sols. Les sols, résultants de l'interaction entre êtres vivants, roches mères et climat, sont d'une très grande diversité; ils ne sont pas uniquement un support physico-chimique, mais un milieu de vie, où la biodiversité est très grande, et différente d'un endroit à un autre.

Par exemple, un sol de région tempérées contiendra par en kilogrammes par hectare
 * 1000 à 7000 kg de bactéries
 * 100 à 1000 kg de champignons
 * 10 à 30 kilos d'algues
 * 5 à 10 kilos de protistes
 * 1000 kilos d'arthropodes
 * 350 à 1000 kilos de vers de terre (lombrics)

En comparaison un sol tropical pourra contenir 10% de fourmis, 33% de vers de terre, 6% de myriapodes, 4% de coléoptères, 4% de termites.

Des évolutions majeures se sont produites lors du passage de la vie aquatique à la vie terrestre. Elles concernent en particulier les appareils respiratoires, circulatoires et squelettique (prise en compte de la pesanteur).

En effet, il y a 400 millions d'années, les animaux aquatiques ont du *s'adapter aux gaz atmosphériques (oxygène et dioxide de carbone). La teneur en oxygène du milieu aérien est plus élevé qu'en milieu acqueux, requiérant moins d'énergie;
 * s'adapter à la viscosité et à la densité du milieu, avec les adaptations en terme de squelette et de circulation sanguine Ces contraintes ont limité le développement des animaux terrestres (le plus gros mammifère terrestre, le mammouth faisait jusqu'à 20 tonnes alors que la baleine bleue atteint 200 tonnes;
 * et enfin faire face aux problèmes de dissipation d'énergie calorifique. En effet, l'air constitue un bon isolant thermique : certains des animaux devinrent au Mésozoïque des homéothermes comme les reptiles, alors que les animaux aquatiques demeurèrent poïkilothermes.

Les animaux ont donc du s'habituer au cours des ères géologiques, aux modifications de leurs milieux de vie (que les contraintes soient d'ordre climatique (changement climatique) ou biologique (maladies, prédation). Ils ont donc lentement évolué jusqu'au monde vivant actuel.

title: Talk:Biodiversity and evolution