text:
Portal talk:United Kingdom

'''To see any changes you have made to template articles in the main portal immediately, you need to purge the cache. To do this press Purge here.'''

Headings
Great portal. Just a minor note: I'm finding the red on blue headings very difficult to read. Could we try another colour combination please? -- Francs2000 | Talk 17:59, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Exactly what I was about to post when you edit conflicted me! :D Perhaps white-on-blue, to preserve the Union Jack colour scheme idea? Michael Warren | Talk 18:01, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * That's a lot better, much easier to read! -- Francs2000 | Talk 18:21, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * A further idea - could we have a small version of the Union Flag in the main heading itself (say, one at each end of 25px each) )? I don't have the HTML/wiki markup ability to do it myself.  Then we could replace the large flag with something prettier, say, Image:United Kingdom satellite image.png (I've added the satellite image anyway, but we could have it larger if the flag goes somewhere else). -- ALoan (Talk) 12:13, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * How's that? I've made them 30px, and shifted the satellite map from right to left, increasing to 150px. -- Michael Warren | Talk 12:46, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Excellent - now I see what you have done, I could have done that myself! I was actually thinking of putting the mini-flags at the end of the header, but I think it looks fine.  Thanks! -- ALoan (Talk) 14:40, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

UK Collaboration of the Week
I've recently done a major overhaul to the UK Collaboration of the Week, I'd really like to get this started again so this is an invitation to get involved (if anyone happens to be reading this). :) Talrias | talk 19:56, Mar 15, 2005 (UTC)

Error with flag image
The logo for the UK flag seems to be playing up,. Any ideas why? --Cyr 13:31, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

British and Irish current events
This page looks like it is going to survive it's VFD, and whilst I've been updating it daily it takes a lot. I don't know if other people are interested? Hiding 18:20, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Space
There's a space next to "Did you know". Any suggestions as to what can fill it? -- Francs2000 23:58, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

Updates
Just to let you know that I aim to leave the update of the features until the end of October, by which time we should have an automatic update feature installed. -- Francs2000 00:20, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Scotland Portal
The Scotland Portal is now up and running. It is a project in the early stages of development, but I think it could be a very useful resource indeed, perhaps more for general readers (the vast majority I presume), rather than committed editors, who may be more attracted by the great possibilities of the notice board format: Scottish Wikipedians' notice board.

Give it a Watch, and lend a hand if you can. It is (hopefully) fairly low-maintenance, but if we run with the "News" section, that will take dedication: time which I cannot commit to presently myself. Most other boxes need replacment/update only weekly, fortnightly, or monthly, plus the occasional refreshment of the Scotland-related categories. Anyway, I assume this is how the other Portals are run, so we can follow their lead.

Please add the following code -   - to your own User page, and you will have the link to the portal right there for easy access. I will investigate how other portals use shortcuts too.

Assistance from Wikipedians in the rest of the UK, and indeed anywhere, would be greatly appreciated!--Mais oui! 08:47, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well feel free to nick stuff from this one! -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 19:09, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The new Scotland portal was created from the instructions at WP:P. Very easy, but it does mean that most portals look very similar. Have a browse and you will see. No "nicking" is necessary.--Mais oui! 22:46, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

London Portal
Well given that London is the greatest city on Earth and the most wikilinked city on Wikipedia, it seems ridiculous that Bucharest had its own portal and London did not. So I made one. And made a right hash of it too. But anyway after figuring out how the boxes worked and after having about 4 hours work evaporate when Wikipedia crashed as I clicked "Save", it looks half decent. I've got some people from WikiProject:London helping, but not many of us have worked portals before...

Anyway, long story short, I reckon there should be a link to the London portal somewhere on the UK portal page. And I suppose there should be one to Scotland too...hmm...

As with the Scots, any help would be appreciated. Cheers, Deano 19:48, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

 * There already is, in with the other portals at the bottom of the page. If you want to include a separate one though I suppose it could go in the "Things you can do" box? -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px|  ]] 21:17, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Mmmm... yours is better than ours! NOW we may have to "nick" some ideas!!!--Mais oui! 21:24, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

 * All for one and one for all! But yeah, sweet - whack it in the "things to do" and I'll do the same for this in London portal.  By the way, how come the photo of National Gallery on your featured article is not under the London images databank?  Deano 21:38, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Search me, I got it from our own archive at Portal talk:United Kingdom/Picture -- Francs2000 [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 22:27, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Featured Article
Shouldn't the title of your featured article be wikified? At the very least, the featured article summary needs to have a "Read More..." link. All I see right now is "Hey Jude" in bold. AreJay 01:17, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

March updates...
..are needed.--cj | talk 00:28, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Thought people might be interested to know that there is an active discussion going on with people who think that United Kingdom should not be referred to as a country. Go here and follow the links. DJ Clayworth 16:47, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

July update
Can someone else update the Did you know section ready for July please? I shall be offline from Sunday. -- Fr a ncs2000 23:49, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Maureen Lipman "controversy" help request
There have recently been repeated attempts (possibly by multiple users) to insert biased text regarding an alleged controversy involving the British actress/comedienne Maureen Lipman. If there is indeed a public mainstream controversy about Lipman's comments, then there should be a neutrally stated version of events on the article. However, I can find no evidence of such a controversy, and the users inserting the text appear to be determinedly biased and anti-Lipman, as well as uninterested in providing sources. Please see the article talk page and the article history for full details. Please help sort this issue out, if you are interested. I am appealing here as this seems a relevant, neutral place to do so. I have tried to sort this issue out but there are anti-Lipman users on the other side. Thanks very much. Bwithh 14:31, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Try posting this to Wikipedia talk:UK Wikipedians' notice board: more people are likely to see it. -- Roleplayer 19:24, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Cornwall
Should Cornwall be included along with the other constituent nations of the UK in the 'portals' section - not being an officially recognised consitutent part of the UK? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 81.157.251.127 (talk • contribs) 00:38, 22 July 2006.
 * Cornwall doesn't have the same status as the other nations in the 'portals' section and ideally the nations (Scotland, Wales etc) should sit separately from Cornwall. However, I would be pragmatic in this case and try to keep the portal screen clean and tidy without too much blank space. Cornwall needs to go somewhere and until portals for other regions come along I would leave it where it is. If we get portals for other regions (e.g East Anglia) then I would create a separate section (below the nations section) at that time. -- Mark S  (talk) 20:03, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Did you know?
How do you update the did you know section? It's currently a red link. -- Roleplayer 14:38, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I knew there was something I was meant to do last month! You can just click on the red link and fill in the empty page, I tend to just harvest stuff from the main DYK suggestions. the wub "?!"  15:44, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Portals
With the flag you have for Europe, it should link to Portal:European Union. Jo e  I  05:03, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Not necessarily, see European flag. The flag isn't specific to the EU. the wub "?!"  23:43, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * On second thoughts I've added the EU portal as well. the wub "?!"  16:57, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Peer review request: History of Milton Keynes
I would welcome peer review at Peer review/History of Milton Keynes/archive1, please - ideally to make FA on the UK portal on 23 January 2007, 40 years after designation. --Concrete Cowboy 22:24, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Well the featured articles on this portal only get changed once a month, and they are all drawn from actual featured articles that have passed FAC. Good luck, I'm sure you can do it! :-) If When it passes be sure to add it to Portal:United Kingdom/Featured, and if there's a free month ahead feel free to insert it. the wub "?!"  17:04, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I guessed (wrongly) that the standard for a UK FA might not be as high as for a worldwide FA. But I'm sure it would have to be at least GA and the feedback suggests that it needs a fair bit more work. Thanks anyway. --Concrete Cowboy 13:24, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Isle of Man
Wikipedia has a rather undeveloped Portal:Isle of Man. Since this island is a crown dependency of the UK, I was wondering if either (1) this portal would be interested in hosting some Man-related things, or (2) some people here would be interested in editing the Man portal to bring it up to speed.  > R a d i a n t <  11:02, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Randomisation
What do people think of changing the portal to use randomly selected featured content, similar to Portal:War and others. This would reduce maintenance (a few times sections have been left as red links at the start of a new month), and let viewers see a greater spread of our featured content. I've figured out most of what needs doing and am prepared to do the work myself, but won't have time to start until next week. Since it would be a pretty major change I thought it best to ask in advance. With these changes and other improvements I'm hoping to push towards featured portal status. the wub "?!"  18:38, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I think it's a great idea. Good luck.--cj | talk 23:25, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Go for it. I was involved in setting the random articles on Portal:South East England and Portal:Kent. It makes a great improvement. MortimerCat 00:22, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Very good - well done. One comment - I am getting layout problems because the images are too wide.  Don't we need to cater for people with 800x600?  With sidebars, and spacing, the images are a bit too big for me. I think 250 wide should be ok, though - is there a reason for specifying 300? -- ALoan (Talk) 15:18, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Just my oversight. It would be nice if we could vary the image size, but being presentable to all is more important than being slightly nicer for some, so I'll lower the width to 250. Although having dropped my resolution to 800x600 to check, I can't believe I used to work like that! the wub "?!"  23:19, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Done, and they all still look wonderful. I suppose that's why they're featured :-) the wub "?!"  23:26, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Infobox flag straw poll
Hello fellow editors. A straw poll has opened today (27th March 2007) regarding the use of flags on the United Kingdom place infoboxes. There are several potential options to use, and would like as many contrubutors to vote on which we should decide upon. The straw poll is found here. If joining the debate, please keep a cool head and remain civil. We look forward to seeing you there. Jhamez84 11:50, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

The Ulster banner on this page
I hate to bring this up, but this flag should not be in use on this page. Can anyone who has any questions or objections to it being removed please post here before it can be removed sometime in the next few days? Thanks. Fennessy 14:05, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Northern Ireland is not in Britain
Northern Ireland is not in GB, it's a part of the UK. Why is it then whenever I see a category such as "British Journalists" there is a sub-category of Northern Ireland ones. Whilst I realise it's a common error to confuse GB with UK, surely an encyclopaedia should not make that error in so many places MrMarmite 16:33, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * British people are (in short) citizens of the United Kingdom, not just Great Britain. Jhamez84 01:09, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Northern Ireland is top part of Ireland, and Ireland is part of the British Isles. Thus making Northern Ireland part of Britain. Colabcalub (talk) 10:43, 27 May 2012 (UTC)

Unnecessary fragmentation
I was wondering what purpose is served by having category:English military writers as a sub-set of category:British military writers. I ask the same question about category:English actors, category:Welsh actors as sub-categories of category:British actors. This then leads to wonder how the classification is achieved ... by decision of an editor? ... by a self-identification statement from the person categorised? This sort of thing is bound to throw up anomalies: for instance, Winston Churchill is listed as English, though he was half-American and a British prime minister. Antony Hopkins is Welsh by birth, but initially British by nationality, and now American. If such sub-sets are really needed (which I doubt) surely, the information would be better much handled by lists within the parent (British) category. R OGER  TALK 04:21, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Featured article, can we change it?
I'm not sure about the portal policy for changes to Featured articles, but I'd just like to see some change from Her Madge. It seems to have been there since eternity and some fresh content would be welcome. I have some ideas for articles that could occupy the space, but I'm not going to change it if that's not the done thing. MasterOfHisOwnDomain (talk) 18:32, 7 March 2009 (UTC)
 * If you mean the Featured article on the main page, that is actually generated at random. Some browsers do not seem to refresh the page though, but if you click Show new featured content (located just aboved the featured article section) that will purge the cache and show a different article.
 * As for policy - adding to existing content and creating more featured articles is a "be bold and do it". Major revamps of the page, probably best to announce on the talk page. MortimerCat (talk) 19:20, 7 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Okay thanks for the explanation, and the randomness is working (it must have been cruel fate to have the same Featured Article again and again...). So it generates it randomly from pages assigned with the United Kingdom WP or is there other criteria? The only reason I'm asking is because I'd appreciate Food waste in the United Kingdom be added to whatever list to increase it's attention. Thanks. MasterOfHisOwnDomain (talk) 20:57, 8 March 2009 (UTC)
 * There is a manually prepared list, which anyone can add to. First step is to edit Portal:United Kingdom/Featured article. Create a new link by duplicating a couple of lines at the bottom and increment the number. (** = number)

 * Next, create your article, which will be a summary of the actual article, by clicking on the link just created. At the moment the next number is 87, so the summary article will be at Portal:United Kingdom/Featured article/87. Look at some others to see the general format.

 * Finally, edit the main page Portal:United Kingdom. Find the line that says   and changed the max=86 parameter to reflect the new number of articles.

 * If you are not sure, just create the summary at Portal:United Kingdom/Featured article/87. Leave a message here and I am sure someone will help to include the new page in the list. MortimerCat (talk) 23:16, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

Local chapter for the Wikimedia Foundation
AndrewRT(Talk) 21:43, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

"United Kingdom" or "UK" in infoboxes
I need some opinions here, which will hopefully form a consensus for Wikipedia in general. It appears that the precedent at this time is to not include "United Kingdom" in the infobox in articles about British people or musical groups. There are a few - very few, actually - American editors who insist upon tagging on "United Kingdom" to the city and constituent country. Many times they are reverted; however, this small band of editors consider it to be "edit warring" whenever I make such a change.

So, my questions are thus: a) should the precedent of stating only placename/county/constituent country continue, or should it be stated policy that all Britain-related articles include "United Kingdom" after the constituent country, and b) is the abbreviation "UK" acceptable in the interest of not overcrowding the infobox?

Thank you.  R ad io pa th y  •talk•  00:16, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

Request
Does anyone want to put this:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Scottish_National_Party#Recent_edits_by_Penny right? Surely rules/edits should be consistent? Pennypennypennypenny (talk) 15:05, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

Historical novels about British monarchs idea
Hello! I am very new to Wikipedia, so please be patient with me. I'm not sure if this is the correct place to post this, so I'm sorry if I'm doing this wrong. As you may guess from my username, I love books, and I was hoping to help on Wikipedia with books. For a while, I've been collecting historical novels based on people in British history (and European, and well, history in general, although British is my specialty), and I thought it would be helpful to add them to the pages of the monarchs. I found out that it isn't such a good idea, however after looking into it more, I thought it might be better to have a separate page with lists that are devoted to just historical novels. I was thinking of sorting it by dynasty/period, then monarch/consort, then possibly adding a few important people. So for instance:

Plantagenet Henry II and Eleanore of Aquitaine book book book Thomas a Becket book Richard I

etc.

If this makes sense, I have a few questions. Is it a good idea and something I should pursue? Please be honest; I want to help not hinder. Is this the right place to be asking? Is this the right way to ask? Would it be helpful to this project or is there a different one that would be better? Thank you so much in advance :) BookBard (talk) 18:50, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

U.K. Politics
Is there anybody out there who is in charge of British politcs, e.g. Political funding in the U.K.? Please have a look at that article and get in touch. Thank you! Khnassmacher (talk) 06:43, 15 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Nobody's in charge of it as nobody "owns" any pages/topics on Wikipedia. However there is a Politics of the United Kingdom WikiProject, I'll crosspost this there. the wub "?!"  11:11, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

Question British ≠ English
Hey, i`m on an anthroponymy page at the moment, and i`m wondering about entries like "Algernon Methuen, English publisher, or Algernon Seymour, British soldier". Just when do i use British, and when English? I can`t find anything in the MoS. Thanks in advance, Gott 14:08, 23 June 2013 (UTC)

 * @Gott If they are/were a citizen of the Kingdom of Great Britain or United Kingdom, then they are British, however they should be described as whatever they identify/identified themselves as (British, English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish, Northern Irish, etc). If you can't find a source for their preference, then look at how people generally identified themselves at the time. For example, at the beginning of the 18th century, people rarely referred to their nationality as British. Also, if they are a solider in the British Army, 'British solider' would be more accurate. If there is no indication, then I would advise using their constitute countries nationality, as it is more informative. Rob (talk) 17:53, 16 October 2013 (UTC)

750th anniversary of De Montfort's Parliament
20th January 2015 is the 750th anniversary of the first English Parliament. The article De Montfort's Parliament is being improved and further contributions would be welcome and beneficial to work it towards GA.

The BBC are planning a "Democracy Day" of live events, discussions and debate, produced in partnership with the Speaker’s Office of the House of Commons, including broadcasts from inside Westminster. Whizz40 (talk) 06:18, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

Notice from the Portals WikiProject
WikiProject Portals is back!

The project was rebooted and completely overhauled on April 17th, 2018. Its goals are to revitalize the entire portal system, make building and maintaining portals easier, support the ongoing improvement of portals and the editors dedicated to this, and design the portals of the future.

As of May 2nd, 2018, membership is at 60 editors, and growing. You are welcome to join us.

There are design initiatives for revitalizing the portals system as a whole, and for improving each component of portals. So far, 2 new dynamic components have been developed: Template:Transclude lead excerpt and Template:Transclude random excerpt.

Tools are provided for building and maintaining portals, including automated portals that update themselves in various ways.

And, if you are bored and would like something to occupy your mind, we have a wonderful task list.

From your friendly neighborhood Portals WikiProject. Hope to see you there. Sincerely,    — The Transhumanist   07:49, 2 May 2018 (UTC)

Portal:BBC
Would it be worth adding Portal:BBC to related portals given that the BBC is the UK's oldest (and arguably still main) broadcaster and covers the whole of the UK? Dunarc (talk) 22:41, 9 October 2019 (UTC) ⊕ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.30.70.245 (talk) 23:50, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

jasmin ronato Bold Italic texttext
Bold Italic texttext — Preceding unsigned comment added by 120.28.65.209 (talk) 10:35, 27 February 2022 (UTC)

category injection from government department template
I note that the sorting of Category:Non-ministerial departments of the Government of the United Kingdom is screwy: one under "", a couple under "{" and, for example, Ofwat under "W". I suspect this needs a mix of tweaks to Template:Departments of the United Kingdom Government and changes to how it is being invoked, but I wouldn't know where to start nor what else might be affected. Hv (talk) 14:33, 15 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:United Kingdom


text:
User talk:Nil~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
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 * Cite your sources
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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 16:03, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Nil. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Nil~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:48, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:59, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Nil~enwiki


text: User talk:129.72.73.216

title: User talk:129.72.73.216


text:
Portal:United Kingdom/Wikipedias

Wicipedia yn Gymraeg • Scots Wikipaedia • Wikipedia ann an Gàidhlig na h-Alba Vicipéid i nGaeilge na hÉireann • Wikipedia Gaelg • Wikipedia Kernowek • Englisc Wicipædia

title: Portal:United Kingdom/Wikipedias


text: Template:Marche

title: Template:Marche


text:
User talk:MarkSop

STOP VANDALIZING MY PAGE! my edits are legitimate
 * Please read and participate in the extensive discussion of this aissue on the talk page and review its archives) before attempting to alter the carefully constructed compromise that is this page. Also I need to warn you about Wikipedia's 3-revert rule under which you could be banned for 24 hours for reverting a page more than 3 times in 24 hours. Rmhermen 16:21, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Checking the edits to this page, User:151.203.229.38 has not vandalized it and that fact that he has not logged in is not to be counted against him. Also deleting conversations in progress is considered poor manners. Rmhermen 16:25, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

the user 151 has reverted COMMENTS ON MY OWN talk page. Is that conversation, or good manners on this site???
 * False. I merely restored the comments that you deleted.
 * you deleted my own response. that is not conversation. accusing someone of vandalism is rude, and it has no basis in fact. isnt this my own talk page? why should I keep insults on it??
 * is not an insult. 151.203.229.38 17:11, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

is rmhermen the same as user 151.203.229.38 ??

saying that someone is a vandal is a grave insult to me! it has certainly no basis in fact, and you are making this insultive suggestion repeatedly. it is misleading, unfair and very insultive. You broke the 3 revert rule and try to intimidate me all the way from the beginning. I will complain extensively to this abuse. If you are the same user as rmhermen, who is some operator here, this abuse is even worse, and it will not go unnoticed. I am probably not the only person who was abused by yourself here!!!
 * I do not believe that your edit should be in the article and I hope you have read through the talk archived to see why but I also do not beleive that your edit is vandalism. The appropriate page for you to ask at concerning 151.203.229.38 would be Three revert rule violations. Rmhermen 17:42, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

ok, what should be in the article of course is a matter of opinion, and i did not read the talk pages. perhaps i will do that and rise my concerns there, i believe page is outrageously biased, but that is another issue. people can have different views, but that is not vandalism - i suspect that i will waste much more energy on that, though. perhaps other people will, since surely there are different views than the one as it is there now. i just think that 151 is abusive, and that he should not insult people like that; i will post my complaint since he clearly broke the 3 revert rule!

Talk:Bombing_of_Dresden_in_World_War_II
Please see
 * Talk:Bombing of Dresden in World War II/Archive 4
 * Talk:Bombing_of_Dresden_in_World_War_II -- Philip Baird Shearer 19:37, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:MarkSop


text: User talk:67.180.128.116

title: User talk:67.180.128.116


text:
Aero India

Aero India is a biennial air show and aviation exhibition held in Bengaluru, India, at the Yelahanka Air Force Station. It is organised by the Defence Exhibition Organisation, Ministry of Defence.

Organisers
The Ministry of Defence, Indian Air Force, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Department of Space, the Union Civil Aviation Ministry and other such organisations organise the Aero India show.

Air shows
The first edition of the air show was held in 1996. Subsequently, the Aero India has emerged as a significant military aviation exhibitions. The Mikoyan MiG-35 and F-16IN Super Viper were unveiled for the first time at the 6th and 7th editions of Aero India respectively.

1st edition (1996)
The first edition of Aero India was held in 1996.

2nd edition (1998)
The second edition started on 8 December 1998 at the Yelahanka Air Force Base. It was inaugurated by George Fernandes, India's Defence Minister. It included fly pasts by three Jaguars, three MiG-23s, three HAL Tejas, 9 HAL Kiran aircraft of the Surya Kiran aerobatic team, Hawk 200, Mirage 2000 and the Sukhoi Su-30MKIs. this was followed by sky diving display by nine sky divers of the Akash Ganga team. The exhibition stalls included displays by Boeing, Allied Signal, Bell Textron, Airbus Industries, Aerospatiale, Dassault, British Aerospace, HAL, DRDO, ADA, BEL and NAL. The French and Russian presence was especially strong, and the highlights were the detailed models of all Boeing commercial aircraft starting from Boeing 717 to Boeing 777.

3rd edition (2001)
The Yelahanka AF Base hosted Bangalore's third air show on February 7, 2001. The 21st century's first instance of this kind of incident. Both industry and prospective customers saw fresh prospects at the turn of the century.

4th edition (2003)
176 companies from 22 countries participated in the 4th edition of the event from 5 to 9 February 2003 in Yelahanka at the outskirts of Bangalore. It was inaugurated by the then Minister of Defence (seen in the first thumb of a photograph), George Fernandes. About 50 delegations from the United States, Europe, Russia, the Middle East, Asia-Pacific and Africa visited Bangalore for the event. The French delegation was led by the prime minister of France, Jean-Pierre Raffarin. A pair of HAL Dhruv performed their first display, and a composite formation was flown which was led by the Dhruv, followed by a pair of Kiran, Mirage 2000 and Sukhoi Su-30s.

5th edition (2005)
The 5th Aero India 2005, the biennial air-show-cum-defence exhibitions, was held at the Yelahanka Air Force Base in Bangalore from 9–13 February 2005. The Aero India 2005 attracted record 380 exhibitors from the world's leading industries in the field of civil and military aviation, aerospace and airfield upgrade. The show included both air displays as well as static exhibitions of military and civil aircraft. A total of 80 aircraft including Fighters, Light Combat Aircraft, Advanced Light Helicopters, Intermediate Jet Trainers (AJTs), Maritime Surveillance Aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) displayed their flying skills and capability during the Aero India 2005 show. The Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Indian Navy also displayed their various aircraft. There were 32 official military delegations and over 250,000 people enjoyed the Aero India 2005 show, which is considered Asia's premier air show.

The major attractions of Aero India 2005 were the leading fighter, advanced jet trainers and unmanned aerial vehicles from Russia, US, France, Britain, Israel and India who took part in the flying as well as static displays at the show. The visitors enjoyed the spectacular flying performances and static exhibitions of the Russian MiG-29K, Su-30MKI and Il-78 tanker; the American F-15E, C-130J Super Hercules and P-3C Orion aircraft; the French vintage Mirage 2000 and Falcon 2000; the British Hawk 100, Jaguar and Sea Harriers, and the Indian Dhruv (Advanced Light Helicopter) and Intermediate Jet Trainer (IJT) and the Swedish Saab JAS 39 Gripen. The colourful aerobatics performance by Sarang- the Indian Air Force's Advanced Light Helicopters, made everyone spell bound during the inaugural function. Other major attractions in Aero India 2005 were the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The Israel's Orbiter and SkyLite mini UAV impressed their visitors with beautiful look and features. The lightweight Orbiter just weighs 4.5 kg features an advanced data link system transmitting all the data and video in real time. The SkyLite mini is capable of making vertical flights from the canister, and can be launched even from narrow alleys.

The U.S. maritime surveillance aircraft P-3C Orion and C-130J Super Hercules transport aircraft attracted the attention of visitors. The P-3C Orion is generally used in anti-submarine and anti-ship warfare, over-water and over-land surveillance missions, and network-centric warfare missions. The U.S. Hawkeye 2000, known for its airborne early warning and battle management command and control system, was another attraction in the Aero India 2005 show. Aero India 2005 also proved good for passenger aircraft manufacturers, as number of inquiries, especially for the smaller and low-cost aircraft were made during the show. Visitors also had a chance to get a glimpse of advanced missile systems, avionics suites, radars, and simulators.

6th edition (2007)
This event was held from 7 February 2007 to 11 February 2007, at the Yelahanka Air Force Station. The attractions of the event were the Lockheed-Martin F-16, as well as the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, all contenders for the Indian Air Force's 126 aircraft MRCA requirement. Also present were the Surya Kiran and Sarang acrobatic teams. The Surya Kiran team consists of nine Indian pilots, and have displayed skills by flying as close as 3–5 m at high speeds and have exhibited various formations like the arrow, diamond and concluding with the hearts. The Sarang team displays manoeuvres of Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH).

During the rehearsals for the show, one of the Sarang helicopters crashed on 2 February 2007. The co-pilot was killed in the incident. However, the team performed the displays in the show.

During the show, a HAL HJT-36 skidded off the runway when a tyre burst after the pilot aborted take-off as the aircraft's canopy inadvertently opened up. Fortunately, there was no fatality.

7th edition (2009)
The 7th edition of Aero India was held on 11–15 February 2009. 289 Indian firms and 303 foreign companies participated in one of the largest international aerospace exhibitions in Bangalore. Armament majors from several countries, including Australia, Brazil, Britain, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, Israel, Malaysia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Netherlands, Ukraine and United States. There were also country pavilions from Australia, Belgium, Germany, Israel and Romania. This year also saw China participating for the first time in Aero India.

The show was preceded by an international seminar (Aero India Seminar) on aerospace technologies and applications (9–11 February), hosted by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Nearly 330 companies from 50 countries abroad and 230 from India set up exhibits.

Some 30 military and civil aircraft gave flight demonstrations. The F-16, F-18, MiG-35D, Eurofighter, IJT, Dhruv, Hawk, C-17, Embraer 135 business jet Legacy 600, C-130J, Citation XLS, G 550, AN-12 Cargo and A-310 MRTT were on display. Some 70 more were on static display. Whose event manager will be the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). Defense Minister A. K. Antony chaired the first meeting of the apex committee of the exhibition here Friday. "Addressing the top officials from several ministries and organisations, Antony said Aero India-2009 should be conducted in such a manner that it provides a benchmark for similar shows being organised in various parts of the world," the official said.

The Indian Air Force brought out some of the vintage aircraft from its stable and flew them. The defence ministry also facilitated interaction between the overseas original equipment manufacturers and Indian business houses.

"Similar interactions will also be encouraged between small and medium enterprises from home and abroad. Efforts are also being made to give exposure to students of technical and engineering colleges to encourage them to be part of the country's aim of becoming a design hub in aerospace technologies in the foreseeable future," the official added. The central government will spend nearly Rs. 200 million to augment the infrastructure in and around the Air Force Station Yelahanka.

8th edition (2011)
The 2011 edition of Aero India was held from 9 to 13 February in Bangalore. It was reported that the Chinese aircraft will not participate in this edition, due to rising trade competition between India and China. However these claims were false and China had its representatives present there.

The highlight of the morning was the flight display in which several aircraft performed intricate manoeuvres. HAL Tejas, which flew in a formation in public view for the first time, was a key highlight, as it performed a vertical climb and then did a belly turn right in front of the podium. While five Jaguars flew in a V-formation, the Sukhoi Su-30MKI flew in a trident formation. Boeing's F/A-18 Super Hornet, the Saab Gripen and Dassault Rafale also performed loops, rolls, and somersaults in the air. The aerobatic team Surya Kiran did their last show with their Kiran aircraft which are planned to be replaced by new BAE Hawk aircraft. The aerobatic team of Czech Republic popularly known as Flying Bulls or Red Bull also performed for first time. Indian Aerospace Companies such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), National Aerospace Laboratories, Mahindra Aerospace, Taneja Aerospace (TAAL) and Tata Aerospace also participated in the event.

9th edition (2013)
Aero India 2013 started on 6 February 2013 at the IAF's Yelahanka Air Force base, Bengaluru and ended on 10 February 2013. 607 companies attended the air show, with 352 foreign and 78 official national delegations. The major foreign companies were from US (67 companies), France (49), United Kingdom (33), Russia (29) and Germany (22).

Major attraction of this edition were the Dassault Rafale, Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, HAL Rudra, HAL Tejas, HAL Light Combat Helicopter, and the Russian Knights aerobatic team, who had come to India to perform for the first time. Major aircraft manufacturing companies like Lockheed Martin, Saab, and the British Aerospace did not showcase any aircraft this time, however an air force F-16 was part of the static display. The Suryakiran aerobatic team did not take part as it was grounded.

10th edition (2015)
The tenth edition of Aero India was held from 18 to 22 February 2015. The main attraction of this year was the Make in India campaign by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Prime Minister Modi inaugurated the show and mentioned that its easier for Public, private and foreign investors to manufacture defence equipment in India after the reform of the defence procurement policies and procedure. He also mentions the simplification of offset procedures and mentioned the need to have strategic partnerships rather than buyer seller relationships. The Small and Medium scale industries are also meant to benefit from being part of global supply chain by providing cost effective engineering solutions to global players. He also stressed the need to export equipment and also to ensure that it does not fall into the wrong hands.

There is a requirement of one million skilled workers in the Aerospace industry in India in the next 10 years. The aim is to make the ensure that 70 percent of the defence equipment are made within the country in the next five years from the current 40 percent. This can create large number of jobs. Prime Minister Modi said that "A strong Indian defence industry will not only make India more secure. It will also make India more prosperous".

A total of 72 aircraft were part of the air show. The main attraction of the event was the fly past and demonstration by HAL Tejas, HAL Light Combat Helicopter, Sarang display team and air display teams from Sweden, UK, Czech Republic and Open sky jump by US Special forces. A total of 11 foreign military aircraft on display, out of which a majority of them from the United States including two F-15C Eagles, two F-16C Fighting Falcons, one Boeing KC-135 tanker, one C-17 Globemaster III and a P-8A Poseidon maritime surveillance aircraft.

11th edition (2017)
The 11th edition of the Aero India was held from 14 to 18 February 2017. This edition of the show will see participation from a total of 549 companies (270 Indian and 279 Foreign), 72 participating aircraft, cover an area of 27,678 sqm and witness participation from 51 different countries. Four aerobatic teams are expected to participate in the show including Sarang Team (Indian Air Force), Surya Kiran Team (Indian Air Force), the Scandinavian Air Show Team (Sweden) and the Yakovlevs Aerobatic Team (Russia).

12th edition (2019)
The 12th edition of Aero India was held from 20 to 24 February 2019 in Bengaluru, Karnataka inaugurated by finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman. The theme of the event was Runway to a Billion Opportunities. The logo of the exhibition was inspired by the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA). In this edition, for the first time, combined the defence and civil aviation segments into a holistic event with the co-involvement of the defence and civil aviation ministries in the event. More than 600 Indian Companies and 200 Foreign Companies participated and witnessed the largest Air show of Asia.

The event was attended by the Yak aerobatic team from Britain, who gave a marvelous display with four Yakovlev Yak-7s and Yakolvev Yak-11s. Airbus also attended with their A330neo and CASA C-295. Indian badminton champion P.V. Sindhu flew copilot in a Tejas on the third day of the show. On the first day of the show, there was a flypast by a Boeing B-52 Stratofortress nuclear bomber from the U.S. Air Force which had come all the way from Andersen Air Force Base in Guam. The event however was marred by the crash of two Surya Kiran aircraft that had occurred on the day before the show, killing a pilot. On the third day of the show, a huge fire burnt over 300 cars parked in the parking lot. The fire was caused by a burning cigarette.

13th edition (2021)
The 13th edition of Aero India was held from 3 to 5 February 2021 at Yelahanka Air Force Station in Bangalore, Karnataka. The event centred on the theme Conceive, Indigenize, Collaborate. As not many foreign aircraft came that year, there were multiple shows of Indian aircraft. The first day of the show was marked by the flypast of a Rockwell B-1 Lancer with a HAL Tejas. The B-1 bomber flew from Ellsworth Air Force Base in South Dakota to perform it's fly-by. There were also joint shows between the Sarang and Surya Kiran aerobatic teams. The Dassault Rafale appeared for the first time in the colors of the Indian Air Force.The most awaited deal for 83 HAL Tejas Mk1As was signed between Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Ministry of Defence. The HAL Combat Air Teaming System (CATS) and HAL TEDBF were unveiled.

14th edition (2023)
Aero India 2023 has the slogan "The Runway to a Billion Opportunities". More than 80 countries participated in Aero India 2023. Aero India 2023 attracted 65 CEOs of international and Domestic OEMs as well as ministers from roughly 30 different nations.

More than 800 defence businesses, including over 100 international and 700 Indian enterprises, participated in the Aero India 2023 show. MSMEs and start-ups are among the Indian businesses taking part in the exhibition, which will highlight the development of specialised technologies as well as the country's expanding aerospace and defence capabilities. Airbus, Boeing, Dassault Aviation, Lockheed Martin, Israel Aerospace Industry, BrahMos Aerospace, Army Aviation, HC Robotics, SAAB, Safran, Rolls Royce, Larsen & Toubro, Bharat Forge Limited, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), and Bharat Dynamics Limited are among the major exhibitors at Aero India 2023.

F-35A Demonstration Team performed in the air show, marking the first time that the United States Air Force's Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II stealth fighter jet visited India.

title: Aero India


text:
Ralph Henstock

Ralph Henstock (2 June 1923 – 17 January 2007) was an English mathematician and author. As an Integration theorist, he is notable for Henstock–Kurzweil integral. Henstock brought the theory to a highly developed stage without ever having encountered Jaroslav Kurzweil's 1957 paper on the subject.

Early life
Henstock was born in the coal-mining village of Newstead, Nottinghamshire, the only child of mineworker and former coalminer William Henstock and Mary Ellen Henstock (née Bancroft). On the Henstock side he was descended from 17th century Flemish immigrants called Hemstok.

Because of his early academic promise it was expected that Henstock would attend the University of Nottingham where his father and uncle had received technical education, but as it turned out he won scholarships which enabled him to study mathematics at St John's College, Cambridge from October 1941 until November 1943, when he was sent for war service to the Ministry of Supply's department of Statistical Method and Quality Control in London.

This work did not satisfy him, so he enrolled at Birkbeck College, London where he joined the weekly seminar of Professor Paul Dienes which was then a focus for mathematical activity in London. Henstock wanted to study divergent series but Dienes prevailed upon him to get involved in the theory of integration, thereby setting him on course for his life's work.

A devoted Methodist, the lasting impression he made was one of gentle sincerity and amiability. Henstock married Marjorie Jardine in 1949. Their son John was born 10 July 1952. Ralph Henstock died on 17 January 2007 after a short illness.

Work
Henstock was awarded the Cambridge B.A. in 1944 and began research for the PhD in Birkbeck College, London, under the supervision of Paul Dienes. His PhD thesis, entitled Interval Functions and their Integrals, was submitted in December 1948. His Ph.D. examiners were Burkill and H. Kestelman. In 1947 he returned briefly to Cambridge to complete the undergraduate mathematical studies which had been truncated by his Ministry of Supply work.

Most of Henstock's work was concerned with integration. From initial studies of the Burkill and Ward integrals he formulated an integration process whereby the domain of integration is suitably partitioned for Riemann sums to approximate the integral of a function. His methods led to an integral on the real line that was very similar in construction and simplicity to the Riemann integral but which included the Lebesgue integral and, in addition, allowed non-absolute convergence.

These ideas were developed from the late 1950s. Independently, Jaroslav Kurzweil developed a similar Riemann-type integral on the real line. The resulting integral is now known as the Henstock-Kurzweil integral. On the real line it is equivalent to the Denjoy-Perron integral, but has a simpler definition.

In the following decades, Henstock developed extensively the distinctive features of his theory, inventing the concepts of division spaces or integration bases to demonstrate in general settings the properties and characteristics of mathematical integration. His theory provides a unified approach to non-absolute integral, as different kinds of Henstock integral, choosing an appropriate integration basis (division space, in Henstock's own terminology). It has been used in differential and integral equations, harmonic analysis, probability theory and Feynman integration. Numerous monographs and texts have appeared since 1980 and there have been several conferences devoted to the theory. It has been taught in standard courses in mathematical analysis.

Henstock was author of 46 journal papers in the period 1946 to 2006. He published four books on analysis (Theory of Integration, 1963; Linear Analysis, 1967; Lectures on the Theory of Integration, 1988; and The General Theory of Integration, 1991). He wrote 171 reviews for MathSciNet. In 1994 he was awarded the Andy Prize of the XVIII Summer Symposium in Real Analysis. His academic career began as Assistant Lecturer, Bedford College for Women, 1947–48; then Assistant Lecturer at Birkbeck, 1948–51; Lecturer, Queen's University Belfast, 1951–56; Lecturer, Bristol University, 1956–60; Senior Lecturer and Reader, Queen's University Belfast, 1960–64; Reader, Lancaster University, 1964–70; Chair of Pure Mathematics, New University of Ulster, 1970–88; and Leverhulme Fellow 1988–91.

List of publications of Ralph Henstock
Much of Henstock's earliest work was published by the Journal of the London Mathematical Society. These were "On interval functions and their integrals" I (21, 1946) and II (23, 1948); "The efficiency of matrices for Taylor series" (22, 1947); "The efficiency of matrices for bounded sequences" (25, 1950); "The efficiency of convergence  factors for functions of a continuous real variable" (30, 1955); "A new description of the Ward integral" (35 1960); and "The integrability of functions of interval functions" (39 1964).

His works, published in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, were "Density integration" (53, 1951); "On the measure of sum sets (I) The theorems of Brunn, Minkowski, and Lusternik, (with A.M. McBeath)" ([3] 3, 1953); "Linear functions with domain a real countably infinite dimensional space" ([3] 5, 1955); "Linear and bilinear functions with domain contained in a real countably infinite dimensional space" ([3] 6, 1956); "The use of convergence factors in Ward integration" ([3] 10, 1960); "The equivalence of generalized forms of the Ward, variational, Denjoy-Stieltjes, and Perron-Stieltjes integrals" ([3] 10, 1960); "N-variation and N-variational integrals of set functions" ([3] 11, 1961); "Definitions of Riemann type of the variational integrals" ([3] 11, 1961); "Difference-sets and the Banach–Steinhaus theorem" ([3] 13, 1963); "Generalized integrals of vector-valued functions ([3] 19 1969)

Additional publications:

 * 1) Sets of uniqueness for trigonometric series and integrals, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 46 (1950) 538–548.
 * 2) On Ward's Perron-Stieltjes integral, Canadian Journal of Mathematics 9 (1957) 96–109.
 * 3) The summation by convergence factors of Laplace-Stieltjes integrals outside their half plane of convergence, Mathematische Zeitschrift 67 (1957) 10–31.
 * 4) Theory of Integration, Butterworths, London, 1962.
 * 5) Tauberian theorems for integrals, Canadian Journal of Mathematics 15 (1963) 433–439.
 * 6) Majorants in variational integration, Canadian Journal of Mathematics 18 (1966) 49–74.
 * 7) A Riemann-type integral of Lebesgue power, Canadian Journal of Mathematics 20 (1968) 79–87.
 * 8) Linear Analysis, Butterworths, London, 1967.
 * 9) Integration by parts, Aequationes Mathematicae 9 (1973) 1–18.
 * 10) The N-variational integral and the Schwartz distributions III, Journal of the London Mathematical Society (2) 6 (1973) 693–700.
 * 11) Integration in product spaces, including Wiener and Feynman integration, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society (3) 27 (1973) 317–344.
 * 12) Additivity and the Lebesgue limit theorems, The Greek Mathematical Society C. Carathéodory Symposium, 1973, 223–241 (Proceedings published 1974).
 * 13) Integration, variation and differentiation in division spaces, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Series A (10) 78 (1978) 69–85.
 * 14) The variation on the real line, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Series A (1) 79 (1979) 1–10.
 * 15) Generalized Riemann integration and an intrinsic topology, Canadian Journal of Mathematics 32 (1980) 395–413.
 * 16) Division spaces, vector-valued functions and backwards martingales, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Series A (2) 80 (1980) 217–232.
 * 17) Density integration and Walsh functions, Bulletin of the Malaysian Mathematical Society (2) 5 (1982) 1–19.
 * 18) A problem in two-dimensional integration, Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society, (Series A) 35 (1983) 386–404.
 * 19) The Lebesgue syndrome, Real Analysis Exchange  9 (1983–84) 96–110.
 * 20) The reversal of power and integration, Bulletin of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications 22 (1986) 60–61.
 * 21) Lectures on the Theory of Integration, World Scientific, Singapore, 1988.
 * 22) A short history of integration theory, South East Asian Bulletin of Mathematics 12 (1988) 75–95.
 * 23) Introduction to the new integrals, New integrals (Coleraine, 1988), 7–9, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1419, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,  1990.
 * 24) Integration in infinite-dimensional spaces, New integrals (Coleraine, 1988), 54–65, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1419, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,  1990.
 * 25) Stochastic and other functional integrals, Real Analysis Exchange 16 (1990/91) 460–470.
 * 26) The General Theory of Integration, Oxford Mathematical Monographs, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991.
 * 27) The integral over product spaces and Wiener's formula, Real Analysis Exchange  17 (1991/92) 737–744.
 * 28) Infinite decimals, Mathematica Japonica 38 (1993) 203–209.
 * 29) Measure spaces and division spaces, Real Analysis Exchange 19 (1993/94) 121–128.
 * 30) The construction of path integrals, Mathematica Japonica 39 (1994) 15–18.
 * 31) Gauge or Kurzweil-Henstock integration. Proceedings of the Prague Mathematical Conference 1996, 117–122, Icaris, Prague, 1997.
 * 32) De La Vallée Poussin's contributions to integration theory, Charles-Jean de La Vallée Poussin Oeuvres Scientifiques, Volume II, Académie Royale de Belgique, Circolo Matematico di Palermo, 2001, 3–16.
 * 33) Partitioning infinite-dimensional spaces for generalized Riemann integration, (with P. Muldowney and V.A. Skvortsov) Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society, 38 (2006) 795–803.

Review of Henstock's work
The journal Scientiae Mathematicae Japonicae published a special commemorative issue in Henstock’s honor, January 2008. The above article is copied, with permission, from Real Analysis Exchange and from Scientiae Mathematicae Japonicae. The latter contains the following review of Henstock's work:

1. Ralph Henstock, an obituary, by P. Bullen.

2. Ralph Henstock: research summary, by E. Talvila.

3. The integral à la Henstock, by Peng Yee Lee.

4. The natural integral on the real line, by B. Thomson.

5. Ralph Henstock's influence on integration theory, by W.F. Pfeffer.

6. Henstock on random variation, by P. Muldowney.

7. Henstock integral in harmonic analysis, by V.A. Skvortsov.

8. Convergences on the Henstock-Kurzweil integral, by S. Nakanishi.

title: Ralph Henstock


text:
David S. C. Chu

David S. C. Chu (朱思九; pinyin: Zhū Sījiǔ; born May 28, 1944) is a retired American civil servant and consultant.

He was born in New York, New York on May 28, 1944. He served as the President and CEO of the non-profit Institute for Defense Analyses from 2009 to 2019. From 2001 to 2008, he served as Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness in the George W. Bush administration.

Chu received a Bachelor of Arts Degree, magna cum laude, in Economics and Mathematics from Yale University in 1964 and a PhD in Economics, also from Yale, in 1972 following a break due to military service. In 1968 he was commissioned in the United States Army and became an instructor at the U.S. Army Logistics Management Center, Fort Lee, Virginia. He later served a tour of duty in the Vietnam War, working in the Office of the Comptroller, Headquarters, 1st Logistical Command. He obtained the rank of captain and completed his service with the Army in 1970.

From 1978 to 1981, Chu served as the Assistant Director for National Security and International Affairs, Congressional Budget Office, providing advice to the Congress on the full range of national security and international economic issues. He was Director, Program Analysis and Evaluation and then Assistant Secretary of Defense (Program Analysis and Evaluation) from May 1981 to January 1993. In that capacity, he advised the Secretary of Defense on the future size and structure of the armed forces, their equipment, and their preparation for crisis or conflict.

From 1993 to 2001, Chu served in several senior executive positions with the RAND Corporation, including Vice President and Director of the Arroyo Center, the Army's federally funded research and development center for studies and analysis, and Director of RAND's Washington Office.

Chu was appointed on June 1, 2001 as Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness. In that position, he was responsible as the senior policy advisor on recruitment, career development, pay and benefits, and overseeing the state of military readiness. He left that position in 2008, and joined the Institute for Defense Analyses as President and CEO.

He is a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration and a recipient of its National Public Senior Award. He holds the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service with silver palm.

Chu's father came from China to study at the University of Illinois, during World War II he worked for the China News Service and afterwards went to work for the United Nations. His mother's family came to America before the Revolutionary War. Chu's brother was chairman of the music department at Hamline University and his sister is a human resources executive at Kent State University.

title: David S. C. Chu


text:
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User talk:Krishnamurti~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

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Hello,

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title: User talk:Krishnamurti~enwiki


text:
1807 in rail transport

March

 * March 25 – The first railway passenger service begins, on the Oystermouth Railway in South Wales. The cars are drawn by horses.

May

 * May - closure of the Low Moor Waggonway

January births

 * January 9 – Matthias von Schönerer, Austrian railway engineer (d. 1881).

March births

 * March 27 – James P. Kirkwood, designer of Starrucca Viaduct in the United States (d. 1877).

November births

 * November 5 – Oliver Ames Jr., president of Union Pacific Railroad 1866–1871, brother of Oakes Ames (d. 1877).

December births

 * December 16 – William H. Aspinwall, American financier who helped build the Panama Railway (d. 1875).

title: 1807 in rail transport


text:
A Few Quick Ones

 A Few Quick Ones  is a collection of ten short stories by P. G. Wodehouse. It was first published in the United States on 13 April 1959 by Simon & Schuster, New York, and in the United Kingdom on 26 June 1959 by Herbert Jenkins, London. The first US edition dust jacket was designed by Paul Bacon. The book's title comes from the informal phrase "a quick one", which is British slang for an alcoholic drink consumed quickly.

All the stories in the collection feature recurring Wodehouse characters and themes: four Drones Club members (two Freddie Widgeon and two Bingo Little), two golf stories (with the Oldest Member), two Mr Mulliner, one Jeeves and Bertie Wooster, and one Ukridge.

"A Tithe for Charity" did not appear in the original US edition, which instead featured a 1958 "exclusive" pseudo-Drones story entitled "Unpleasantness at Kozy Kot" (actually a rewritten version of the 1928 Jeeves story "Fixing it for Freddie" collected in Carry On, Jeeves). "Jeeves Makes an Omelette" was a rewritten version of the 1913 Reggie Pepper story "Doing Clarence a Bit of Good", which appeared in the UK collection My Man Jeeves.

"The Fat of the Land"

 * US; This Week, 2 November 1958 (a shorter and somewhat altered version)

"The Fat of the Land" introduces the Drones Club Fat Uncles sweepstakes, which is also central to the 1965 short story "Stylish Stouts".

 * Plot

Freddie Widgeon starts a Fat Uncles sweepstakes, in which the names of Drones Club members' uncles are drawn from a hat, and the person who draws the name of the fattest uncle wins the jackpot, which is well over one hundred pounds. On the first day of the Eton v Harrow match, the members will bring their uncles to their club, and the weights of the uncles will be determined by Mr. McGarry, the club bartender, who can tell the weight of anything by sight. It is agreed by the members that whoever draws Freddie's large uncle Lord Blicester (pronounced "blister") will win. The wealthiest member, Oofy Prosser, draws Lord Blicester's name, while Freddie Widgeon draws Oofy's Uncle Horace.

Oofy reads a letter from his uncle, whom he has not seen since childhood, which includes a photograph of Horace Prosser in a bathing suit. Uncle Horace is very fat. Oofy offers to trade tickets with Freddie, pretending he is giving Freddie the winning ticket out of kindness. The Crumpet who is managing the contest records the change of tickets. Oofy has lunch with his uncle and is startled to learn that Uncle Horace is on a diet to please the woman he wants to marry, Mrs. Loretta Delancy. Oofy returns to the Drones Club and tricks Freddie Widgeon into swapping tickets again by showing Freddie the photograph.

While visiting Paris, Oofy sees Uncle Horace, as stout as ever. Uncle Horace has lost interest in Loretta and in dieting. Oofy goes back to the Drones Club in London to find Freddie Widgeon, but Freddie is not there. Confident of winning money off the ticket for Oofy's uncle, Freddie had bet on an unsuccessful horse and owes a bookie fifty pounds; the bookie told Freddie that unpleasant accidents happen to people who do not pay him back, so Freddie is hiding in East Dulwich disguised in a beard until he can get the money from the Fat Uncles contest.

On the day of the contest, Oofy finds Freddie and tells him they have to swap tickets again, claiming that Uncle Horace has lost weight. When Freddie hesitates, Oofy gives Freddie fifty pounds to make the trade. Uncle Horace arrives, and the Crumpet discovers that "Uncle" Horace is actually Oofy's distant cousin. Uncle Horace is disqualified. Oofy is less than pleased, especially since he now has to pay for his uncle's lunch.

"Scratch Man"

 * US: Saturday Evening Post, 20 January 1940 (as "Tee for Two") (with American setting and names; mostly followed in American edition of book)
 * UK: Strand, September 1940 (as "Tee for Two") (with British setting and names; mostly followed in British edition of book)

The Oldest Member tells a young man the following story about Harold Pickering, who had a handicap of fourteen before love made him a scratch golfer, though only temporarily.
 * Plot

Harold Pickering is a partner in a publishing house. He visits champion golfer John Rockett to buy his memoirs. Rockett's children are named after golf courses and are all scratch golfers. Harold falls in love with Rockett's daughter Troon. He tries to propose to her a week later, gargling nervously as he does so. She leaves the room. Believing she rejected him because his handicap is too high, Harold decides to become scratch, and seeks a teacher. He admires the skill of Agnes Flack, the female champion of the club. She is athletic and tough, and her voice is so forceful that she can even make the slow-moving Wrecking Crew scatter. She is confident she can make Harold a scratch player, since she helped another golfer, Sidney McMurdo, bring his handicap down from fifteen to plus one. Thanks to Agnes's lessons, Harold becomes scratch and enters the club championship. He tells the Oldest Member that he is now engaged to Agnes because of a misunderstanding. When he became scratch, he thanked her warmly, and she mistakenly thought he loved her and said she would marry him.

The championship final round is between Harold and Sidney. Agnes tells Harold she used to be engaged to Sidney, but broke it off after he used a Number Three iron when she told him to take a Number Four. Sidney is large, intimidating, and jealous. He threatens to injure Harold, but Harold convinces him to postpone it by pointing out that posterity would not look well on Sidney for winning the match that way. Harold lets Sidney win the match and tries to flatter him. Nonetheless, Sidney still threatens Harold afterwards. Harold knocks Sidney over a bridge into the water and flees. He later returns to his house, but sees through the window that Sidney is waiting there. Agnes comes and tells Sidney she means to end her engagement with Harold, because he played so badly in the competition. Sidney tells her he should have used a Number Four when she said so, and they renew their engagement. Troon comes as they leave. Harold approaches her and is surprised when she embraces him. She explains that she had thought Harold was having a fit of some kind when he was gargling, and left to get a doctor. She only realized later that he was proposing when another man did the same thing. She fell in love with Harold when they met. He admits that he cannot keep up being scratch and should have a handicap around ten. She reveals that she has always dreamed of marrying a man with a handicap around ten, because she has also struggled to make herself scratch and would be happier letting herself slip back to ten.

"The Right Approach"

 * UK: Lilliput, September 1958 (without the Angler's Rest introduction)
 * US: Playboy, January 1959 (rewritten and condensed, with changes to character names)

The character Russell Clutterbuck also appears in French Leave.

A discussion about romance stories in magazines leads to Mr. Mulliner telling the following story about his nephew Augustus.
 * Plot

Augustus accompanies his godmother to a charity bazaar at a house called Balmoral on Wimbledon Common. He falls in love with Hermione Brimble, who lives at Balmoral with her formidable aunt, Beatrice Gudgeon. Augustus pretends he knows Mrs Gudgeon's friend, the Rev. Theophilus Mulliner. Mrs Gudgeon mentions that Hermione's father was a bishop. Augustus believes he must make himself seem pious to impress them. He speaks highly of Social Purity, which Mrs Gudgeon values, and she invites him to the house. Mrs Gudgeon's stepson, novelist Oswald Stoker, is engaged to someone named Yvonne. Oswald is worried about his upcoming dinner with his American publisher, Russell Clutterbuck. Hermione explains that Oswald got a hangover the last time he dined with Clutterbuck. Augustus claims to be a teetotaler, and Hermione remarks that he is good and steady. He proposes, but Hermione turns him down. Augustus is surprised, and wonders why she did not accept him. At one in the morning, he concludes that she misspoke, and goes back to Balmoral. Shortly before two, the butler Staniforth, in pyjamas and a dressing-gown, opens the door and is obviously annoyed. Staniforth informs Augustus that Hermione and her aunt are in town. Staniforth refuses to let him inside, so Augustus waits in the garden. He gazes reverently at all the windows, not knowing which is hers.

Oswald suddenly appears and tells Augustus that the right approach is to serenade Hermione by singing about wanting a little rose from her hair. Oswald is drunk, having dined with Clutterbuck, and Augustus ignores him. Oswald mentions that he brought Clutterbuck, who brought a dog. Oswald goes to look for Clutterbuck. The large, unfriendly dog appears and advances on Augustus. He climbs and hides in a tree. The dog leaves and Oswald returns with Clutterbuck, neither of whom notice Augustus. They decide to do Augustus's wooing of Hermione for him, with Oswald singing while Clutterbuck hums the bass. Clutterbuck, also drunk, says they have to launch ship first, and throws a battle of champagne at an upper window, breaking it. At the window, the butler demands to know who is there. Oswald replies that he is Augustus. Clutterbuck throws an egg at Staniforth. Staniforth comes out with a shotgun, intending to put Augustus under restraint. He thinks Augustus sang and threw the egg. It is now three in the morning. Hermione and Mrs Gudgeon return. Oswald agrees with everything Staniforth tells them. Mrs Gudgeon is angry at Augustus and goes to the house with Staniforth. Oswald sees Hermione start to cry. She now thinks Augustus is a sportsman and loves him. She fears she has lost him, until Augustus comes down from the tree. They get engaged. Oswald gives them a toad as a wedding present. Augustus suggests that Hermione put the toad in the butler's bed. She agrees and wants to add a few frogs, too.

"Jeeves Makes an Omelette"

 * Canada: Toronto Star, 22 August 1958 (a shorter version)
 * UK: Lilliput, February 1959 (a shorter version)
 * US: Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, August 1959 (as "Jeeves and the Stolen Venus")

See "Jeeves Makes an Omelette".

"The Word in Season"

 * UK: Punch, 21 August 1940
 * US: Harper's Bazaar, 15 September 1940
 * US: This Week, 18 May 1958 (as "Bingo Little's Wild Night Out")

Bingo Little's baby, Algernon Aubrey Little, has been proposed by Bingo and seconded by an influential Crumpet for election for Drones Club membership. Some members are reluctant to elect a noisy, messy baby for membership. The Crumpet assures them that Algy will be a beneficent member, as he has a knack for doing the right thing at the right time. The Crumpet tells the other members the following story.
 * Plot

Bingo promised his wife Rosie that he would add ten pounds to a deposit account for Algy for his first birthday. This was all he had on hand after getting an advance on his salary. He bets the ten pounds on a horse, hoping to give Algy twenty pounds. The horse loses. To make the money back, Bingo writes a story called "Tibby's Wonderful Adventure" about a little girl named Gwendoline and her cat Tibby. As editor of Wee Tots, Bingo accepts it for the paper, but the proprietor Henry Cuthbert Purkiss does not pay him for it, saying that all Bingo's contributions are already covered by his salary.

Knowing Oofy Prosser is Algy's godfather, Bingo asks him for ten pounds for Algy. Oofy instead pays Bingo to give dinner to a girl named Mabel Murgatroyd, whom Oofy wants to avoid. Mabel and Bingo dine and then go to a gambling place near Bingo's house. Bingo loses his money and police raid the establishment. Bingo hides in a water barrel belonging to his neighbour Mr. Quintin. Mabel hides in the barrel with him until it is safe to leave. The next morning, Rosie returns from a trip, and later confronts Bingo for gambling and hiding in a water barrel with a woman, which she learned about from Quintin. Algy's nanny reports that Algy said his first word, "Cat". This distracts Rosie, temporarily saving Bingo.

Mr. Purkiss and his wife, Rosie's friend Julia, appear. Purkiss wants Bingo to confirm that they were together the previous night, which Purkiss clearly wants his wife to believe. Eagerly, Bingo agrees, and adds that Purkiss had agreed to pay him ten pounds; grudgingly, Purkiss pays Bingo. Bingo tells Rosie that Purkiss can confirm that he was not at the gambling house. He also gives her ten pounds for Algy's account. After Rosie and Julia go to the nursery, Bingo and Purkiss once again agree with each other that they were together the previous night before they also go to Algy.

"Big Business"

 * US: Collier's, 13 December 1952 (without Mulliner framework; hero is Reggie Watson-Watson)
 * UK: Lilliput, March/April 1953 (without Mulliner framework; hero is Reggie Watson-Watson)

After the song "Ol' Man River" is mentioned at the Angler's Rest, Mr Mulliner tells the following story about his nephew Reginald.
 * Plot

Reginald plans to sing "Ol' Man River" at the annual village concert at Lower-Smattering-on-the-Wissel in Worcestershire. The lawyers of a legal firm inform him that he has inherited fifty thousand pounds from a cousin in Argentina. Reginald is happy about this because he wants money to marry his fiancée Amanada Biffen. Until now their engagement had been secret, because Reginald was not rich, and Amanda's uncle and guardian, retired financier Sir Jasper Todd, wouldn't have approved. Amanda tells Sir Jasper that Reginald has been left fifty thousand pounds. Sir Jasper knows Reginald is not very intelligent and starts to think of ways to get his money. He invites Reginald to his large residence, Wissel Hall. Sir Jasper also happens to be increasing the insurance on his house. Sir Jasper sells Reginald fifty thousand pounds worth of oil stock, pretending he is being generous. Reginald tells Amanda about his purchase, but Amanda realizes that her uncle sold him worthless stock. She is upset with Reginald for buying the shares and says she will agree to marry Lord Knubble of Knopp the next time he proposes.

Reginald's disappointment in losing his money and Amanda puts him in the right state of mind to sing "Ol' Man River" very well. He performs the song in blackface at the village concert, feeling particularly sombre because Amanda is sitting in the front row near Lord Knubble. His performance is very moving and he receives thunderous applause. Normally diffident, Reginald feels emboldened and goes to Wissel Hall to confront Sir Jasper. Nobody answers at the door, so Reginald climbs up a ladder to a first floor balcony. Inside the house, he sees Sir Jasper pouring paraffin over paper and shavings on the floor. Reginald supposes it is for removing stains. He remembers he put burnt cork on his face and hands, and decides he should wash up before talking to Sir Jasper. He leaves the house. Outside, he is stopped by Police Constable Popjoy, who thinks he is a burglar. Meanwhile, Amanda, deeply moved by Reginald's performance, changes her mind and wants to marry him. She sees him running away from Popjoy. She knocks out Popjoy with a wrench from behind, and tells Reginald she loves him. Reginald describes what he saw Sir Jasper doing with paraffin. She tells Reginald to go home to wash up. When Popjoy comes to, she says he was hit by Sputnik and invites him to Wissel Hall. At the house, she tells her uncle that she will bring Popjoy inside if he does not sell Reginald back the oil shares. She adds that the value has gone up and he needs to pay a hundred thousand pounds. Sir Jasper reluctantly agrees.

"Leave it to Algy"

 * US: Blue Book, 1954 (as "The Ordeal of Bingo Little") (an earlier version with significant differences in plot but much reused wording in book version)
 * UK: John Bull, 16 May 1959 (a shorter version whose plot more closely mirrors book version)

Bingo Little, his wife Rosie, and their infant son Algernon Aubrey, or "Algy", are on vacation at the seaside resort Bramley-on-Sea. Also there are Henry Cuthbert Purkiss, the manager of the magazine for children Wee Tots which Bingo works for, his wife Julia Purkiss, Oofy Prosser, and the American cartoonist Wally Judd. Before heading to London for the day, Rosie tells Bingo to report his missing gold cufflinks to the police, so they can check pawn shops. Bingo is concerned because he secretly pawned the cufflinks for five pounds to back a losing horse.
 * Plot

Rosie leaves, and Bingo sees his boss Purkiss, who is upset that he has to judge a Bonny Babies contest the next day. Bingo takes the job off his hands in exchange for five pounds. Unfortunately, the five pound note is blown away by the wind, and Bingo cannot chase the money since he has to watch over Algy, who, when unsupervised, is apt to hit men wearing Homburg hats with the spade he makes sand castles with.

When Bingo sees Oofy, he tells Oofy about his dilemma. Oofy suggests a plan: Oofy will pretend to be Algy's uncle and enter him in the Bonny Babies contest. Bingo will then declare Algy the winner, and this will make Rosie so happy that she will forget about the cufflinks. Bingo is nervous about the plan, because Algy is an unattractive baby, but he agrees. Oofy then leaves to make a telephone call to his bookmaker in London, and bets ten pounds that his "nephew" will win the Bonny Babies contest. When Oofy returns to Bingo, he says he will also give Bingo five pounds after the contest, so Bingo can buy back his cufflinks. Bingo is grateful.

At the contest, Oofy fails to appear with Algy. Bingo selects a winner at random. A police officer comes, saying that a Mrs. Purkiss saw a man with Bingo's baby and had him arrested for kidnapping. Bingo gets Oofy released. Oofy, who had an altercation with a constable, refuses to give Bingo five pounds. The police return Algy to Bingo. Later at the beach, Algy hits a man in a Homburg hat with a spade. Bingo tries to apologize, but the man, the cartoonist Wally Judd, is only too pleased to see Algy and pays Bingo twenty pounds to use Algy as a model for a villain in his comic strip. Bingo happily agrees and goes to the pawn shop.

"Joy Bells for Walter"

 * US: This Week, 7 October 1956 (as "Keep Your Temper, Walter")
 * UK: John Bull, 16 February 1957 (as "Keep Your Temper, Walter")

The story is an Oldest Member golf story. It is a simplified reworking of "Excelsior" from Nothing Serious.

"A Tithe for Charity"

 * US: Playboy, April 1955

Corky, a writer and friend of Stanley Ukridge, is initially surprised when their friend George Tupper tells him that Ukridge visited him without trying to borrow money. However, George adds that a suit of his and some other nice clothes have gone missing. Corky goes to see Ukridge, and asks him if he stole George's clothes. Ukridge claims he borrowed them for a job interview with a friend of his Aunt Julia, the wealthy novelist. Her friend is looking for a tutor for his son. Aunt Julia gave Ukridge fifteen pounds to buy nice clothes, which her latest butler, Barter, suggested he wager on a horse called Dogsbody. Before he could bet his money, a man to whom Ukridge has owed two pounds, three shillings and sixpence for a few years spotted Ukridge and he fled. Dogsbody lost the race, so Ukridge thanks his guardian angel for preventing him from gambling. Out of gratitude, Ukridge says he will give a tithe of the fifteen quid to charity by giving a shilling each to three deserving cases, though Corky points out that a tithe of fifteen pounds should mean ten shillings each. The next day, Corky is about to go to the Senior Conservative Club to interview novelist Horace Wanklyn about "The Modern Girl" for the Sunday Dispatch, but can't find his tightly rolled umbrella, which he needs to make a good impression. Corky's landlord Bowles, who is inexplicably fond of Ukridge, tells Corky that he let Ukridge borrow the umbrella.
 * Plot

Corky finds Ukridge, who is nicely dressed in George Tupper's clothes and has Corky's umbrella. They realize Ukridge's job interview is with the same man Corky is going to see. Ukridge has already helped two deserving cases. First, he gave a shilling to a shabby-looking man and left quickly to escape his thanks. Then he was generous enough to put a whole quid in the purse of a girl with inexpensive clothes, but a policeman saw this and thought he was stealing from her. Ukridge explained what he did, but was only allowed to go after taking a number of sobriety tests. A ragged man comes along asking for money, and after Ukridge gives him sixpence, he is effusively grateful and practically embraces Ukridge. Corky goes to the Senior Conservative and meets Wanklyn, who is obviously uncomfortable in his elegant but stiff clothes. Wanklyn complains that his daughter Patricia, who nags him to stop dressing in shabby clothes, made him change after a man came up and gave him a shilling. He blames that man for his predicament. Corky later warns Ukridge not to see Wanklyn. Ukridge discovers that he has lost his wallet, which was stolen by the ragged individual. Ukridge is through with charity and ignores the next ragged individual who tries to trick him out of money.

"Oofy, Freddie and the Beef Trust"

 * First published in the 1949 omnibus Best of Wodehouse, as "Freddie, Oofy and the Beef Trust"

 * Plot

Oofy Prosser makes it clear to other members at the Drones Club that he hates wrestlers. A Crumpet tells the following story about how Jas Waterbury, a "greasy bird" (a greasy-headed person), caused trouble for Oofy involving wrestlers.

Jas Waterbury proposes an investment opportunity to club member Freddie Widgeon that requires a couple hundred pounds. Freddie says he does not have that kind of money, unlike Drones Club member Oofy Prosser. Jas agrees to pay Freddie a commission in exchange for being introduced to Oofy. The next morning, Oofy tells the Crumpet that Freddie introduced him to Waterbury, who wants Oofy to invest two hundred pounds so they can put on wrestling matches. Oofy meets Jas's two large and intimidating all-in wrestlers, Porky Jupp and Plug Bosher (see "beef trust"). They go into training for a couple of weeks at a cottage.

The wrestlers become uncooperative because of poor quality meals. Oofy suggests bringing in a new cook, and Jas recommends one of his nieces, Myrtle Cootes. She cooks well for them, and the two wrestlers become friends again. To avoid paying Freddie his commission, Oofy convinces Freddie that reconciliation between the wrestlers has proved impossible, and gives him ten pounds as a consolation. Another problem arises: Porky and Plug are now rivals for the affection of Myrtle. Jas persuades Oofy to pretend to court Myrtle so that Porky and Plug will unite against him, and tells Oofy to kiss Myrtle. When Oofy kisses her, Porky and Plug threaten to harm Oofy for playing with her feelings. Jas tells Porky and Plug that Oofy is honorably engaged to Myrtle, and Oofy confirms this in order to save himself.

Heartbroken, Plug and Porky decide to give up wrestling and go to Africa. Jas says that at least Myrtle will be happy being married to Oofy. Oofy does not want to marry her, but Jas threatens a breach of promise case and violence from the wrestlers. Oofy is forced to pay Jas two thousand pounds. About a week later at the Drones Club, Jas Waterbury shows up and tells Freddie he wants to become a member. However, when Oofy sees Jas, he attacks him, and after being pulled back by Freddie, walks off angrily. Freddie, trusting and naive as ever, is tricked by Jas into giving him ten pounds.

Background
In "Leave it to Algy", it is mentioned that Oofy Prosser agreed to become Algernon Aubrey Little's godfather with the understanding that, having provided a christening gift, Oofy would not be expected to give Algernon Aubrey any future gifts. This reflects Wodehouse's real agreement to become godfather to Frances Donaldson's daughter Rose on the understanding that after the obligatory christening gift, there would be no expectation of future presents.

Publication history
"The Fat of the Land" and "Keep Your Temper, Walter" were published in This Week with illustrations by James Williamson. "Scratch Man" was illustrated by James Williamson in the Saturday Evening Post, and by Gilbert Wilkinson in the Strand. "The Right Approach" was illustrated by Shel Silverstein in Playboy, and by Geoffrey Salter in Lilliput. "The Word in Season" was first published in Punch, and appeared in the US magazine Harper's Bazaar with illustrations by Peter Arno. "The Word in Season" was also published as "Bingo Little's Wild Night Out" in This Week, illustrated by Richard Hook.

"Big Business" was illustrated by Robert Fawcett in Collier's, and by "Anton" in Lilliput. An early version of "Leave it to Algy", titled "The Ordeal of Bingo Little", was published in Blue Book with illustrations by Walt Wetterberg. A shorter version of the story was published with the title "Leave it to Algy" in John Bull, illustrated by Edwin Phillips. "Keep Your Temper, Walter" was illustrated by Edwin Phillips in John Bull. "A Tithe for Charity" was illustrated by Jerry Warshaw in Playboy.

"Scratch Man" was included in the US edition of the 1940 collection Eggs, Beans and Crumpets, the 1973 Wodehouse collection The Golf Omnibus, and the 1983 Wodehouse collection Short Stories, published by The Folio Society. "The Right Approach" was included in the 1964 anthology The Best From Playboy. "The Right Approach" and "Big Business" were included in the 1972 book The World of Mr. Mulliner. "A Tithe for Charity" was collected in the 1975 book The World of Ukridge. "The Fat of the Land", "The Word in Season", "Leave it to Algy", and "Oofy, Freddie and the Beef Trust" were included in the 1982 short story collection, Tales from the Drones Club.

While Wodehouse's stories generally do not reference specific years, "The Fat of the Land" is an exception; it is stated in this story that one of Oofy Prosser's uncles, Hildebrand, died of an apoplectic stroke in 1947, and his other uncle, Stanley, died of cirrhosis of the liver in 1949.

Adaptations
"Big Business" was adapted as an episode of the television series Wodehouse Playhouse in 1978.

References and sources

 * References

 * Sources
 * With first publications and appearances in collections.
 * With first publications and appearances in collections.
 * With first publications and appearances in collections.

title: A Few Quick Ones