text:
Bredon Hill

Bredon Hill is a hill in Worcestershire, England, south-west of Evesham in the Vale of Evesham. The summit of the hill is in the parish of Kemerton, and it extends over parts of eight other parishes (listed below). The hill is geologically part of the Cotswolds and lies within the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. However, it now stands isolated in the Vale of Evesham due to natural causes. At the summit, adjacent to Kemerton Camp, is a small stone tower called Parsons Folly which stands at GPS coordinates (52.059963, -2.064606). The tower was built in the mid-18th century for John Parsons, MP (1732–1805), squire of Kemerton Court and intended as a summer house, from which a more extensive view of the surrounding countryside could be seen. The 981 ft natural height of the hill contributes to the final height of the tower, whose top now reaches 1,000 ft. The folly (tower) became a well-known county landmark, and was believed to have inspired the building of Broadway Tower. The current owners, Overbury Estate, lease out the tower as a mobile phone base station, and a number of large aerials have been fitted to its exterior.

History
At the summit of the hill, there are the remains of earthworks from an Iron Age hill fort known as Kemerton Camp, which is believed to have been abandoned in the 1st century A.D. after a considerable battle.

There are also Roman earthworks and a number of ancient standing stones on the hill. One large stone at the summit is called the Banbury Stone, deriving from 'Baenintesburg', a name for the fort in the 8th century. It is known colloquially as the 'Elephant Stone' because of its resemblance to that animal. Another pair of stones below the summit are known as the King and Queen Stones. Local legend tells that if you pass between them you will be cured of illness.

At Elmley Castle, on the north side of the hill, there are the remains of a considerable medieval castle, once the chief stronghold of the powerful Beauchamp family, who became Earls of Warwick. The castle fell into disrepair during the 16th century, and stone from it was used in the construction of the bridge at Pershore.

During the English Civil War Bredon Hill was the site of a gathering of Clubmen on November 11, 1645, after which they declared their support for Parliament.

A fair and summer games were held every Whitsun at the summit of Bredon Hill until c. 1876.

On 17 October 2011 Worcestershire County Council announced that Worcestershire's largest-ever hoard of Roman artefacts, including around 4,000 coins, featuring 16 different emperors, had been uncovered.

Geology
Like the main Cotswold range of which it is a geological outlier, the hill is formed from a succession of Jurassic age mudstones, limestones and siltstones. The surrounding low ground is formed in the Charmouth Mudstones which forms a part of the Lias Group. These are overlain successively by the Dyrham Formation's siltstones and mudstones, the Marlstone Rock's limestone and sandstone, the Whitby Mudstone Formation, youngest of the Lias rock units, and finally the ooidal limestones of the Birdlip Limestone Formation. The last-named is the lowermost layer of the Inferior Oolite. The relatively flat spurs of Even Hill / Windmill Hill, Castle Hill, Little Hill and Holcombe Nap in the north and east are formed by a capping of the Marlstone Rock. A geological fault crosses the southern margin of the hill. The slopes of the hill beneath the Inferior Oolite rocks of the summit surface are substantially affected by landslips on all sides.

The 'Elephant Stone' is the largest of several large pieces of rock which lie in a hollow on the western margin of the summit plateau. It has been suggested that the hollow itself derives from the collapse of a cavern around 1800, the formerly larger stone would have then tumbled into its present position and broken up. Each of these stones is itself formed from smaller fragments of oolitic limestone, naturally cemented together by calcite and likely having gathered in an earlier cleft or 'gull' in the hillside. The King and Queen stones are of similar origin. The cambering which leads to the formation of gulls can be seen elsewhere on the unstable slopes of the hill.

Nature and geography
Bredon Hill is one of the most important wildlife sites in England, providing a range of habitats including ancient woodland, calcareous grassland and scrub. A large section of the western and northern scarp was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in 1955. Since 2005, an overlapping area has also been designated as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) under the European Commission Habitats Directive. Part of the SAC is a National Nature Reserve. Bredon Hill is most important as habitat for rare invertebrates, such as the violet click beetle. Natural England and Kemerton Conservation Trust are among those organisations participating in wildlife management on the hill.

Several parts of the hill are managed for wildlife under DEFRA 'Environmental Stewardship' schemes. This includes the area around the summit, which is managed as grassland with open public access.

A large number of public footpaths and bridleways cross the hill from the villages circling its base, and allow for a variety of circular routes to be devised. The Wychavon Way passes over the hill, but does not reach the summit itself, passing close by (necessitating a short easy detour).

Literature and the arts
Bredon Hill features in the works of a multitude of composers, poets, writers and artists. This pantheon includes the composers Ralph Vaughan Williams, Sir Arthur Somervell, Ivor Gurney, George Butterworth, Herbert Howells and Julius Harrison; the poets A. E. Housman, John Masefield, Cecil Day-Lewis, John Drinkwater and U. A. Fanthorpe; the authors E. V. Lucas, Arthur Quiller-Couch, William Cobbett, E. Temple Thurston, Francis Brett Young, Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard, John Moore, Fred Archer and Jenny Glanfield; and the artists Peter de Wint, Alfred William Parsons, Benjamin Williams Leader, Frederick Whitehead, Josiah Wood Whymper, Alfred Egerton Cooper, A. R. Quinton, Henry Yeend King and Anna Hornby.

The hill is immortalised in poem 21 of A. E. Housman's 1896 anthology, A Shropshire Lad.

 * In summertime on Bredon
 * The bells they sound so clear;
 * Round both the shires they ring them
 * In steeples far and near,
 * A happy noise to hear.

 * Here of a Sunday morning
 * My love and I would lie,
 * And see the coloured counties,
 * And hear the larks so high
 * About us in the sky.

 * The bells would ring to call her
 * In valleys miles away;
 * "Come all to church, good people;
 * Good people come and pray."
 * But here my love would stay.

 * And I would turn and answer
 * Among the springing thyme,
 * "Oh, peal upon our wedding,
 * And we will hear the chime,
 * And come to church in time."

 * But when the snows at Christmas
 * On Bredon top were strown,
 * My love rose up so early
 * And stole out unbeknown
 * And went to church alone.

 * They tolled the one bell only,
 * Groom there was none to see,
 * The mourners followed after,
 * And so to church went she,
 * And would not wait for me.

 * The bells they sound on Bredon,
 * And still the steeples hum,
 * "Come all to church, good people."
 * O noisy bells, be dumb;
 * I hear you, I will come.

Bredon Hill is the birthplace of farmer and writer Fred Archer (1915–1999), whose many books describe, in vivid prose, life on the farms and in the villages, particularly during the first part of the 20th century.

The author John Moore described life on and around Bredon Hill in the early 20th century in the Brensham Trilogy.

Julius Harrison's 1941 composition for violin and orchestra, Bredon Hill, takes its name from the hill which he could see from his home.

The children's author Ursula Moray Williams lived on the hill in Beckford from 1945 until her death in 2006.

Contemporary arts and crafts
There is a lively local arts scene around the hill such as the Bredon Hill Open Studios group of artists, designers and craftspeople who open up their studios to the public. This group includes the artist Samantha Dadd, Conderton Pottery and Beckford Silk-printing workshop. Contemporary artists painting the local area include Nick Holdsworth and Tony Whitehouse.

Incidental information
When Worcester Cathedral was damaged in the English Civil War, it was repaired with stone brought from Bredon.

The name "Bredon Hill" is unusual in that it combines the name for "hill" in three different languages (compare Pendle Hill). The word "bre" is of Celtic origin, and "don" is an Old English usage.

A well-known local saying, which predicts bad weather, goes: "When Bredon Hill has on his hat, men of the vale beware of that".

Villages
The hill is made up from land belonging to 9 parishes. Working clockwise from the summit these are:
 * Kemerton
 * Bredon & Bredon's Norton
 * Eckington
 * Great Comberton
 * Little Comberton
 * Elmley Castle, Bricklehampton & Netherton
 * Ashton under Hill
 * Beckford
 * Overbury & Conderton

title: Bredon Hill


text:
234 Barbara

Barbara (minor planet designation: 234 Barbara) is a main belt asteroid that was discovered by German-American astronomer Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters on August 12, 1883, in Clinton, New York. The object is orbiting the Sun with a semimajor axis of $43.75 km$, a period of 3.68 years, and an eccentricity of 0.25. The orbital plane is inclined by 15.37° to the plane of the ecliptic. It is classified as a stony S-type asteroid based upon its spectrum. The mean diameter of this object is estimated as 45.6 km. It has a rotation rate of 26.5 hours, or a little over a day. It is possibly named for Saint Barbara, patron saint of mathematicians.

Observations of light curves and stellar occultations suggest the surface exhibits large concave areas. Polarimetric study of this asteroid reveals anomalous properties that suggests the regolith consists of a mixture of low and high albedo material. This may have been caused by fragmentation of an asteroid substrate with the spectral properties of CO3/CV3 carbonaceous chondrites. It is the prototype for a class of asteroids called "Barbarians" that display a strong infrared absorption band at 2μm, which is a characteristic of an FeO–enriched spinel mineral. Multiple other examples of this class have since been discovered.

Observations made in 2009 with ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) suggested that 234 Barbara may be a binary asteroid, although a paper published in 2015 states that "the VLTI observations can be explained without the presence of a large satellite".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 234 Barbara


text:
235 Carolina

Carolina (minor planet designation: 235 Carolina) is a sizeable Main belt asteroid. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on 28 November 1883 in Vienna, and was named after Caroline Island, now part of Kiribati in the Pacific Ocean. This asteroid is orbiting the Sun at a distance of $57.58 km$ with a period of 1785.6 days and an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.06. The orbital plane is tilted at an angle of 9.0° to the plane of the ecliptic.

Photometric data collected during 2007 were used to construct a light curve that demonstrated a rotation period of $0.158$ with a brightness variation of $2.88 AU$ in magnitude. It is a stony S-type asteroid.

title: 235 Carolina


text:
236 Honoria

Honoria (minor planet designation: 236 Honoria) is a large main belt asteroid that was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on 26 April 1884 in Vienna. The asteroid was named after Honoria, granddaughter of the Roman Emperor Theodosius I, who started negotiations with Attila the Hun. It is classified as a stony S-type asteroid based upon its spectrum. 236 Honoria is orbiting close to a 5:2 mean motion resonance with Jupiter, which is located at $86.2 km$.

Polarimetric study of this asteroid reveals anomalous properties that suggests the regolith consists of a mixture of low and high albedo material. This may have been caused by fragmentation of an asteroid substrate with the spectral properties of CO3/CV3 carbonaceous chondrites.

title: 236 Honoria


text:
237 Coelestina

Coelestina (minor planet designation: 237 Coelestina) is a typical main belt asteroid.

It was discovered by Johann Palisa on 27 June 1884 in Vienna and was named after Coelestine, wife of astronomer Theodor von Oppolzer.

title: 237 Coelestina


text:
238 Hypatia

Hypatia (minor planet designation: 238 Hypatia) is a large main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Russian astronomer Viktor Knorre on July 1, 1884, in Berlin. It was the third of his four asteroid discoveries. The name was given in honour of philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria. Based upon the spectrum, it is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of primitive carbonaceous material. Like many asteroids of this type, its surface is very dark in colour.

Photometric observations of this asteroid at the European Southern Observatory in 1981 gave a light curve with a period of 8.9 ± 0.1 hours and a brightness variation of 0.12 in magnitude. Stellar occultation events were observed for this asteroid during 2001 and 2005. The resulting chords provided cross-section diameter estimates of 146.5 and 145.3 km, respectively.

title: 238 Hypatia


text:
Johannes Meursius

Johannes Meursius (van Meurs) (9 February 1579 – 20 September 1639) was a Dutch classical scholar and antiquary.

Biography
Meursius was born Johannes van Meurs at Loosduinen, near The Hague. He was extremely precocious, and at the age of sixteen produced a commentary on the Cassandra of Lycophron. For ten years he was the tutor to the children of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, accompanying the family on Oldenbarnevelt's diplomatic missions to many of the courts of Europe. While on such a trip, in 1608 he obtained a doctorate of Law in Orléans. In 1610 he was appointed professor of Greek and history at Leiden, and in the following year historiographer to the States-General of the Netherlands. After Oldenbarnevelt's execution in 1619, though he had attempted to remain neutral in religious affairs, Meursius was seen as leaning toward Arminianism, or Remonstrant beliefs by reason of his service to the Oldenbarnevelt children, and his position at Leiden was challenged. In consequence of this he welcomed the offer (1625) of Christian IV of Denmark to become professor of history and politics at Soro, in Zealand, combined with the office of historiographer royal, in which role he produced a Latin history of Denmark (1630–38), Historia Danica. He died in Sorø.

Meursius was the author of classical editions and treatises, many of which are printed in J.F. Gronovius's Thesaurus antiquitatum graecarum. Their lack of arrangement detracts from their value, but they are a storehouse of information, and Meursius does not deserve the epithets of "pedant" and "ignoramus" which Joseph Justus Scaliger applied to him. Meursius also wrote about the troubles in the Netherlands.

Meursius also authored the Glossarium graeco-barbarum, one of the first dictionaries of Modern Greek.

Complete edition of his works by J. Lami (1741–1763). See Van der Aa's Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden (1869), and J.E. Sandys, History of Classical Scholarship (1908), ii. 311.

Satyra sotadica
The School of Women first appeared as a work in Latin entitled Aloisiae Sigaeae, Toletanae, Satyra sotadica de arcanis Amoris et Veneris. This manuscript claimed that it was originally written in Spanish by Luisa Sigea de Velasco, an erudite poet and maid of honor at the court of Lisbon and was then translated into Latin by Jean or Johannes Meursius. The attribution to Sigea was a lie and Meursius was a complete fabrication; the true author was Nicolas Chorier.

Selected works

 * 1612: Res Belgicae, Lugduni Batavorum
 * 1614: Glossarium graecobarbarum, Lugduni Batavorum
 * 1617: Lectiones Atticae, Lugduni Batavorum
 * 1619: Eleusinia, siue, De Cereris Eleusinae sacro, ac festo: Liber Singularis, Lugduni Batavorum
 * 1625: Athenae Batavae, Lugduni Batavorum
 * 1630: Historia Danica, Hafniae
 * 1684: Theseus; sive de ejus vita rebusque gestis liber postumus. Accedunt ejusdem Paralipomena de pagis Atticis, et excerpta ex ... Jacobi Sponii Itinerario de iisdem pagis. Ultrajecti: apud Franciscum Halma (On J. F. Gronovius's Thesaurus antiquitatum graecarum'')

title: Johannes Meursius


text:
239 Adrastea

Adrastea (minor planet designation: 239 Adrastea) is a main belt asteroid. It was discovered by Johann Palisa on 18 August 1884 in Vienna, and was named after the Greek nymph Adrasteia. This asteroid is orbiting the Sun at a distance of $41.52 km$ with a period of 1865.9 days and an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.23. The orbital plane is tilted at an angle of 6.17° to the plane of the ecliptic.

Photometric data collected during 2009 were used for light curve analysis of this asteroid, yielding a rotation period of $0.078$ with a brightness variation of $2.97 AU$ in magnitude. The result is close to the $18.48 hours$ period from a study performed in 2003. The asteroid is roughly 42 km in diameter.

title: 239 Adrastea


text:
Abruzzi e Molise

Abruzzi e Molise (known as Abruzzi alone when part of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies) was formerly one of the regions of Italy encompassing a total of 16600 km2 and including Abruzzo, Molise and the Cittaducale District (presently a part of Lazio).

History

From the time of the Kingdom of Naples, this region was considered a single entity with the regional capital at L'Aquila. The name Abruzzo appears to be derivative of the Latin word Aprutium, in turn from the tribe Praetutii. During the Kingdom of Naples, the region was further divided into four provinces: Abruzzo Citra (nearer Abruzzo), Abruzzo Ultra I (farther Abruzzo I), Abruzzo Ultra II (farther Abruzzo II), and Contado di Molise. The Abruzzo provinces were named for their distance from Naples, the capital, and referred to collectively by the plural Abruzzi.

In 1852, the Papal States annexed Ancarano, then further changes occurred during the formation of the Kingdom of Italy including the annexation of Venafro and adjustments of the border with Campania.

In 1927 an additional adjustment was made when the Cittaducale District, comprising Cittaducale and a number of other municipalities, was assigned to Rieti.

Transformation into separate regions
In 1963, the province of Campobasso (which still included present-day province of Isernia) was split from the region to form Molise, with the remaining four provinces, L'Aquila, Teramo, Pescara and Chieti, comprising the present day Abruzzo.

title: Abruzzi e Molise


text:
Sabal minor

Sabal minor, commonly known as the dwarf palmetto, is a small species of palm. It is native to the deep southeastern and south-central United States and northeastern Mexico. It is naturally found in a diversity of habitats, including maritime forests, swamps, floodplains, and occasionally on drier sites. It is often found growing in calcareous marl soil. Sabal minor is one of the most frost and cold tolerant among North American palms.

Distribution
This palm's native range spans on the Atlantic Coast from central Florida north to Monkey Island, North Carolina. On the Gulf Coast, it spans from central Florida to central Texas, Arkansas, north to southern Oklahoma and northern Alabama, then south in the State of Nuevo León in Mexico.

Description
Sabal Minor grows up to 3 meters in height, with a trunk up to 30 cm diameter. It is a fan palm (Arecaceae tribe Corypheae), with the leaves with a bare petiole terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets. Each leaf is 1.5 - 2 m long, with 40 leaflets up to 80 cm long, conjoined over half of this length. The flowers are yellowish-white, 5 mm across, produced in large compound panicles up to 2 m long, extending out beyond the leaves. The fruit is a black drupe 1 to 1.3 cm long containing a single seed.

Cultivation
Sabal minor is one of the most cold hardy palms in cultivation; however, it does best when grown in hot and humid tropical summer conditions, and may struggle or grow slowly in cool summer climates. It is leaf hardy to near 0 F, and has been known to survive brief periods of -5 F temperatures. It is generally cultivated in subtropical and warm temperate climates. S.minor can grow in a wide variety of soil types, and is often found submerged in swamps in the southeastern United States. It grows in both full sun and shaded locations, though it will do best in the cooler garden zones (below zone USDA 7) in full sun and a wind sheltered location.

In the United States, since the 1960s, cultivation of Sabal minor has spread beyond the deep southern United States. S.minor is cultivated along the East Coast from Florida to Connecticut, and on the West Coast from Vancouver BC south to San Diego. It is a recommended horticultural plant by the Virginia Cooperative Extension. There are several cultivars, including those from the Outer Banks of North Carolina (northernmost strains), and those from Oklahoma and Texas. One popular strain is 'McCurtain', named after McCurtain County, Oklahoma, where they are native. These tend to remain trunkless and smaller than those from warmer areas. S.minor is a popular landscape palm in coastal resort areas from Virginia Beach, Virginia, to southern Texas.

title: Sabal minor


text:
Philipp Clüver

Philipp Clüver (also Klüwer, Cluwer, or Cluvier, Latinized as Philippus Cluverius and Philippi Cluverii) (1580 – 31 December 1622) was an Early Modern German geographer and historian.

Life
Clüver was born in Danzig (Gdańsk), in Royal Prussia, a province of the Kingdom of Poland. After spending some time at the Polish court of Sigismund III Vasa, he began the study of law at the University of Leiden (Dutch Republic), but soon he turned his attention to history and geography, which were then taught there by Joseph Scaliger.

Clüver received science education from his father, who was Münzmeister at Danzig (coin master), but when Clüver went into different studies, his father stopped supporting his studies. He therefore travelled from Leiden across Hungary to Bohemia, where he did military service for a few years. While in Bohemia, he translated into Latin a defense by Baron Popel Lobkowitz, who was imprisoned. Upon his return to Leiden, he faced sanctions by the imperial (Habsburg) authorities for this, which however he could avoid with the help of his Leiden friends.

Clüver also travelled in England, Scotland, and France. He did all travel on foot, finally returning to Leiden, where (after 1616) he received a regular pension from the university. He died in Leiden.

Work
Clüver was an antiquary, who was given a special appointment at Leiden as geographer and put in charge of the university's library, but his life's project, it developed, was a general study of the geography of Antiquity, based not only on classical literary sources, but – and this was his contribution – supplemented by wide travels and local inspections. He became virtually the founder of historical geography.

Clüver's first work, in 1611, concerning the lower reaches of the Rhine and its tribal inhabitants in Roman times (Commentarius de tribus Rheni alveis, et ostiis; item. De Quinque populis quondam accolis; scilicet de Toxandris, Batavis, Caninefatibus, Frisiis, ac Marsacis) touched a source of national pride among the Seventeen Provinces, for the Dutch were enjoying a twelve years' truce in their Eighty Years' War of liberation.

Clüver's Germaniae antiquae libri tres (Leiden, 1616) depends on Tacitus and other Latin authors. A volume on the antiquities of Sicily, with notes on Sardinia and Corsica (Sicilia Antiqua cum minoribus insulis ei adjacentibus item Sardinia et Corsica), published at Leiden by Louis Elsevier in 1619, is a useful source, with many reference from writers of Antiquity and maps that are often detached and sold to map collectors. His Introductio in universam geographiam, totally 6 parts, (published posthumously from 1624) was the first comprehensive modern geography, and became a standard geographical textbook.

Clüver was also a prolific a writer on mathematical and theological subjects. He is remembered by collectors and historians of cartography for his edition of Ptolemy's Geographia (based on Mercator's edition of 1578) and for miniature atlases that were reprinted for most of the 17th century. Many of his maps were etched for him by Petrus Bertius.

title: Philipp Clüver


text:
Rothmans, Benson & Hedges

Rothmans, Benson & Hedges Inc. (RBH) is a Canadian manufacturer and distributor of tobacco products. It was formed by the merger of the Canadian units of Rothmans International and the Benson & Hedges brand – owned by Philip Morris International.

History
Rock City tobacco company of Quebec was founded in 1899 by Olivier-Napoléon Drouin and his brothers. The factory experienced prosperity from the 1910s, to the point of becoming one of the largest manufacturers of tobacco products in Canada, as well as having assets in Ontario and elsewhere in Quebec. The factory employed around 500 people, mostly women, and had about twenty sales representatives throughout Canada. Eventually, Rock City struggled and British Carreras Tobacco Company purchased it in 1936. Carreras in turn was bought out by Rothmans International in 1963.

When British American Tobacco bought Rothmans in 1999, it spun off its 60% share of Rothmans, Benson & Hedges as a separate public company. In 2008, the remaining 60% of RBH was acquired by Philip Morris International (PMI), which had controlled 40% of the firm, for US$ 2,000 million, making PMI the sole owner of the company. At the time, RBH was the second-largest cigarette maker in Canada. The acquisition by PMI was targeted to Rothmans Inc, which was a holding company for RBH.

Brands
RBH owns or otherwise controls a wide variety of cigarette brands. Some of these are listed and expanded upon below:

 * Accord: A discount/value brand. Brand variants offered are Red, Blue, and Green (Menthol).
 * Belmont: Another flagship brand, offered as King Size, Regulars, and Compact King Size (Belmont Edge (Micro in Quebec)).
 * Belvedere: A premium cigarette brand, offered in both regular and king size. Belvedere-branded empty cigarette tubes and rolling tobacco are also available for purchase.
 * Benson & Hedges: The company's flagship brand offered in three formats: King Size (Black, Gold, Silver), 100s (Regular, Sterling and DeLuxe, with a menthol version) and Superslims (Black, White, and Menthol).
 * Canadian Classics: A mid-tier brand. This brand is known as Québec Classique in Quebec.
 * Craven A: This brand is a part of the RBH "premium brand strategy", principally within the Canadian market. The brand has experienced "long-term declines in market share", in part due to the elimination of all sponsorship activities in Canada in October 2003.  The brand has been closely associated with a number of entertainment events in Canada. Among these has been the "Just for Laughs" Canadian Comedy Tour in March 1999.
 * Davidoff: As of April 2007, RBH has started importing Davidoff cigarettes for the Canadian and Australian markets. The package does, however, state that they are still made in Germany, unlike some international cigarettes sold in Canada, which are made only in Canada.
 * Mark Ten: A low mid-tier brand offered in Quebec and Atlantic Canada.
 * Next: A budget brand.
 * Number 7: Low end brand.
 * Philip Morris: A budget brand
 * Rothmans: The company's other flagship brand.

Lawsuits
Rothmans has been involved in a number of lawsuits in Canada. In a key suit which commenced in 2006, Rothmans was criminally prosecuted for fraud and conspiracy for supporting the smuggling of cigarettes on the black market in the early 1990s. The allegation was that Rothmans encouraged smuggling in order to be able to convince Canadian governments to reduce cigarette taxes and thereby discourage that very smuggling. Rothmans pleaded guilty to the charges in 2008 and agreed to pay a fine of C$100 million, and C$450 million in payments for a decade after the initial fine.

title: Rothmans, Benson & Hedges


text:
X-Rated Critics Organization

The X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO) is a group of writers and editors from the American adult entertainment industry who each year present awards in recognition of achievement within the industry. After the controversy and criticism of the Best Erotic Scene win for the movie Virgin in 1984 at the Adult Film Association of America awards, the XRCO and its "Heart-On Awards" were founded.

History
The organization was founded in 1984, consisting of writers from Los Angeles, New York City and Philadelphia. Jim Holliday, AVN Award-winning producer and historian, is considered the founding father of the X-Rated Critics Organization. After Holliday's death, the position of XRCO Historian was temporarily filled by XRCO founding member Bill Margold until 2006. James Avalon, a former editor of Adam Film World’s special editions, was also a founding member of XRCO.

XRCO's original Chairman, Jared Rutter, stepped down in 2004 and is now recognized as an "Honorary Chairman". The current co-Chairmen are "Dirty Bob" Krotts and Dick Freeman.

Members and management
In 2005, XRCO added its first European members. Its members now include writers from a wide range of adult publications and Internet sites. Many members work full-time at this occupation; some have university degrees with emphasis on Film Criticism. XRCO members remain active members after being evaluated yearly to determine if they are still active in the adult business, still qualified, and still participating in the XRCO Award nomination and voting processes. Anyone not participating is placed on an "inactive" list for one year and, if found to still be lacking and not participating after that time, are then dropped. There is no membership fee to be an XRCO member.

There are currently 27 award categories, including the XRCO Hall of Fame, which honor the achievements of performers, directors and movies.

Award program
The first XRCO Awards were presented in Hollywood on February 14, 1985. Until 1991, the awards were presented on Valentine's Day each year.

The award program also includes a Hall of Fame ceremony and inductions.

title: X-Rated Critics Organization


text:
Talk:Spanish poetry

Problem with the scope and the title
This article states at the beginning that it concerns poetry in the Spanish language. However it includes poetry from other languages in Spain and (before my edits) it includes at least one author who writes in Spanish but was not born in Spain. This means the article is a strange combination of Poetry in Spain and Poetry in the Spanish language. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mantis Orquida (talk • contribs) 00:53, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

[Untitled]
I really think this page should be merged with Spanish literature or some content of Spanish literature should be merged here or something. I think there is no point in having more and more stub articles with the same content. I propose this solution: I think Spanish literature is a good link reference for someone to really write an article about Spanish literature, where he probably will mention some poetry. Then if it grows to the point when it deserves a separate article, great, I'm totally in support.--hhanke 16:29, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Spanish poetry. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100620031251/http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/L/A-Robert.R.Lauer-1/METRIFICATION.html to http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/L/A-Robert.R.Lauer-1/METRIFICATION.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:43, 27 December 2017 (UTC)

Qualities of spanish poetry
This article should really dig deeper into the qualities of spanish language poetry, with details as simple yet important as the fact it uses syllabic verse. As it stands right now, it's just a timeline of works and genres in spanish poetry. 185.163.103.83 (talk) 19:50, 24 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spanish poetry


text:
Apostolos Doxiadis

Apostolos K. Doxiadis (Απόστολος Κ. Δοξιάδης; born 1953) is a Greek writer. He is best known for his international bestsellers Uncle Petros and Goldbach's Conjecture (2000) and Logicomix (2009).

Early life
Doxiadis was born in Australia, where his father, the architect Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis was working. Soon after his birth, the family returned to Athens, where Doxiadis grew up. Though his earliest interests were in poetry, fiction and the theatre, an intense interest in mathematics led Doxiadis to leave school at age fifteen, to attend Columbia University, in New York, from which he obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics. He then attended the École Pratique des Hautes Études in Paris from which he got a master's degree, with a thesis on the mathematical modelling of the nervous system. His father's death and family reasons made him return to Greece in 1975, interrupting his graduate studies. In Greece, although involved for some years with the computer software industry, Doxiadis returned to his childhood and adolescence loves of theatre and the cinema, before becoming a full-time writer.

Fiction in Greek
Doxiadis began to write in Greek. His first published work was A Parallel Life (Βίος Παράλληλος, 1985), a novella set in the monastic communities of 4th-century CE Egypt. His first novel, Makavettas (Μακαβέττας, 1988), recounted the adventures of a fictional power-hungry colonel at the time of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974. Written in a tongue-in-cheek imitation of Greek folk military memoirs, such as that of Yannis Makriyannis, it follows the plot of Shakespeare's Macbeth, of which the eponymous hero's name is a Hellenized form. Doxiadis next novel, Uncle Petros and Goldbach's Conjecture (Ο Θείος Πέτρος και η Εικασία του Γκόλντμπαχ, 1992), was the first long work of fiction whose plot takes place in the world of pure mathematics research. The first Greek critics did not find the mathematical themes appealing, and it received mediocre reviews, unlike Doxiadis's first two works, which were well received. The novella The Three Little Men (Τα Τρία Ανθρωπάκια, 1998), attempts a modern-day retelling of the tale of a classic fairy-tale.

Fiction in English
In 1998, Doxiadis translated into English, significantly re-working, his third novel, which was published in England in 2000 as Uncle Petros and Goldbach's Conjecture (UK publisher: Faber and Faber; United States publisher: Bloomsbury USA.) The book became an international bestseller, and has been published to date in more than thirty-five languages. It has received the praise of, among others, Nobel laureate John Nash, British mathematician Sir Michael Atiyah, critic George Steiner and psychiatrist Oliver Sacks. Uncle Petros is one of the 1001 Books You Must Read Before You Die. Doxiadis' next project, which took over five years to complete, was the graphic novel Logicomix (2009), a number one bestseller on the New York Times Best Seller list and an international bestseller, already published in over twenty languages. Logicomix was co-authored with computer scientist Christos Papadimitriou, with art work by Alecos Papadatos (pencils) and Annie Di Donna (colour). Renowned comics historian and critic R. C. Harvey, in the Comics Journal, called Logicomix "a tour-de-force" a "virtuoso performance", while The Sunday Times' Bryan Appleyard called it "probably the best and certainly the most extraordinary graphic novel" he has read. Logicomix is one of Paul Gravett's 1001 Comics You Must Read Before you Die.

Theatre and cinema
In the early stage of his career, Doxiadis directed in the professional theatre, in Athens, and worked as translator, translating, among other plays, William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and Midsummer Night's Dream, as well as Eugene O'Neill's Mourning Becomes Electra.

He has written two plays for the theatre. The first was a full-length shadow-puppet play The Tragical History of Jackson Pollock, Abstract Expressionist (1999), in English, of which he also designed and directed the Athens performance. In this play, Doxiadis realized some of his views on "epic theatre", in other words a theatre based on storytelling. His second play, Incompleteness (2005), is an imaginary account of the last seventeen days in the life of the great logician Kurt Gödel, which Gödel spent in a Princeton, New Jersey, hospital, refusing to eat out of fear that he was being poisoned. The play was staged in Athens, in 2006, as Dekati Evdomi Nyhta (Seventeenth Night) with the actor Yorgos Kotanidis in the role of Kurt Gödel.

Doxiadis has also written and directed two feature-length films, in Greek, Underground Passage (Υπόγεια Διαδρομή, 1983) and Terirem (Τεριρέμ, 1987). The latter won the CICAE (International Confederation of Art Cinemas) prize for Best Film in the 1988 Berlin International Film Festival.

Scholarship
Doxiadis has a lifelong interest in logic, cognitive psychology and rhetoric, as well as the theoretical study of narrative. In 2007, he organized, with mathematician Barry Mazur, a meeting on the theoretical investigation of the relationship of mathematics and narrative, whose proceedings were published as Circles Disturbed: The Interplay of Mathematics and Narrative (2012). Doxiadis has lectured extensively on his theoretical interests. Doxiadis' recent work has led him to formulate a theory about the development of deductive proof in classical Greece, which lays emphasis on influences from pre-existing patterns in narrative and, especially, Archaic Age poetry.

Awards and honours
Uncle Petros and Goldbach's Conjecture was the first recipient of the Premio Peano the first international award for books inspired by mathematics and short-listed for the Prix Médicis. Logicomix has earned numerous awards, among them the Bertrand Russell Society Award, the Royal Booksellers Association Award (the Netherlands), the New Atlantic Booksellers Award (US), the Prix Tangente (France), the Premio Carlo Boscarato (Italy), the Comicdom Award (Greece). It was chosen as "Book of the Year" by Time, Publishers Weekly, The Washington Post, The Financial Times, The Globe and Mail, and other publications.

title: Apostolos Doxiadis


text: Talk:Police brutality

title: Talk:Police brutality


text:
XRCO Awards

The XRCO Awards are given by the American X-Rated Critics Organization annually to people working in adult entertainment and it is the only adult industry awards show reserved exclusively for industry members.

Once every calendar year, XRCO members are asked to submit their own nominations. Members do not have to vote in every award category, and they are asked only to vote in areas that they feel qualified in. The award ceremony usually takes place during the spring and no later than the first week of April. Some of the works and workers are inducted into the XRCO Hall of Fame during the awards.

The XRCO online archive is missing many results prior to 1993 and the site encourages visitors to send in older results. The awards have been called "an X-rated version of the Academy Awards" and "a combination high-school beer bash, Mardi gras and Frederick's of Hollywood lingerie show". They have also been referred to as the "critics' circle awards for porn".

In 2013, the XRCO Awards venue was changed from The Highlands nightclub to Supperclub LA when the former closed. In 2014, the XRCO Awards returned to the former Highlands venue now called OHM. The 2015 XRCO Awards were held at Lure nightclub in Hollywood on April 11. The 2016 XRCO Awards were held at OHM nightclub in Hollywood on June 22. The 2018 XRCO Awards were held at the Argyle nightclub in Hollywood on June 28. The 2019 XRCO Awards which took place at Boardner's on June 27.

History
After the controversy and criticism of the best erotic scene victory for the movie Virginia in 1984 at the Adult Film Association of America (AFAA) awards, the X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO) and its "Heart-On Awards", were founded. Jim Holliday was a founder and previously the honorary historian of the X-Rated Critics Organization. After Holliday's death, the position of XRCO Historian was temporarily filled by XRCO founding member Bill Margold until 2006.

The first XRCO Awards were presented on February 14, 1985, where Ginger Lynn won a "veritable Triple Crown: 'Best Female Performer', 'Video Vixen' and 'Starlet of the Year'". Until 1991, the awards were presented on Valentine's Day each year. The specific award categories at the XRCO Awards have changed over the years.

In March 2015, changes to the award program were announced. Citing the venue and date changes made in 2014, the event organizers announced that the awards show would be recorded and broadcast by the company Vrai Voyeur. Also announced was the debut of a new design for the award handed out to winners. The "iconic wooden heart on trophies" would be retired and be replaced with "something bigger and better than ever".

All in the Family Theme

 * 2016: The Father Figure (Digital Sin/Tabu Tales)
 * 2017: Me, My Brother and Another (New Sensations)
 * 2018: Dysfucktional: Blood Is Thicker Than Cum (Kelly Madison/Juicy)
 * 2019: A Trailer Park Taboo (Pure Taboo/Pulse)
 * 2020:  My Stepson Is Evil (Evil Angel Films)

Best 3D Release

 * 2012: This Ain't Ghostbusters XXX (Hustler Video)

Best Actor (Single Performance)
• 1984: Eric Edwards (Great Sexpectations)

• 1985: Jerry Butler (Snake Eyes)

• 1988: Jamie Gillis (Deep Throat II)

• 1993: Jon Dough (New Wave Hookers 3)

• 1994: Steven St. Croix (Dog Walker)

• 1995: Jon Dough (Latex)

• 1996: Tom Byron (Flesh)

• 1997: Tom Byron (Indigo Delta)

• 1999: James Bonn (Masseuse 3)

• 2000: Randy Spears (Double Feature)

• 2001: Joel Lawrence (Raw)

• 2002: Evan Stone (Cap'n Mongo's Porno Playhouse)

• 2003: Rocco Siffredi (The Fashionistas)

• 2004: Randy Spears (Space Nuts – Wicked Pictures)

• 2005: Randy Spears (Misty Beethoven The Musical – VCA Pictures)

• 2006: Randy Spears (Eternity – Wicked Pictures)

• 2007: Randy Spears (Curse Eternal – Wicked Pictures)

• 2008: Randy Spears (Black Widow – Wicked Pictures)

• 2009: Evan Stone (Pirates II: Stagnetti's Revenge – Digital Playground)

• 2010: Eric Swiss (Not Married with Children XXX – X-Play/LFP Video)

• 2011: Evan Stone

• 2012: Anthony Rosano

• 2013: Steven St. Croix (Torn – New Sensations Couples)

• 2014: Richie Calhoun (The Submission of Emma Marx – New Sensations)

• 2015: Steven St. Croix (Wetwork – Vivid)

• 2016: Derrick Pierce (Magic Mike XXXL: A Hardcore Parody – Wicked Pictures)

• 2017: Tommy Pistol (Suicide Squad XXX: An Axel Braun Parody – Wicked Comix)

• 2018: Tommy Pistol (Ingenue - Wicked Pictures)

• 2019: Tommy Pistol (Anne: A Taboo Parody - Pure Taboo/Pulse)

• 2020: Seth Gamble (Perspective - Adult Time/Pulse)

Best Actress (Single Performance)
• 1985: Rachel Ashley (Every Woman Has a Fantasy)

• 1986: Gloria Leonard (Taboo American Style (The Miniseries))

• 1987: Colleen Brennan (Getting Personal )

• 1988: Krista Lane (Deep Throat II)

• 1989: Ariel Knight (Romeo And Juliet II)

• 1990: Sharon Kane (Bodies In Heat 2)

• 1991: Jeanna Fine (Steal Breeze)

• 1992: Jeanna Fine (Brandy And Alexander)

• 1993: Ashlyn Gere (Chameleons Not The Sequel)

• 1994: Leena (Blinded by Love)

• 1995: Tyffany Million (Sex)

• 1996: Jeanna Fine (Skin Hunger)

• 1997: Jeanna Fine (My Surrender)

• 1998: Dyanna Lauren (Bad Wives)

• 1999: Jeanna Fine (Café Flesh 2)

• 2000: Inari Vachs (The Awakening)

• 2001: Taylor Hayes (Jekyll & Hyde)

• 2002: Taylor Hayes (Fade to Black)

• 2003: Belladonna (The Fashionistas)

• 2004: Ashley Long (Compulsion – Elegant Angel)

• 2005: Jessica Drake (Fluff And Fold – Wicked Pictures)

• 2006: Savanna Samson (The New Devil in Miss Jones – Vivid)

• 2007: Hillary Scott (Corruption – Sex Z Pictures)

• 2008: Eva Angelina (Upload – Sex Z Pictures)

• 2009: Jessica Drake (Fallen – Wicked Pictures)

• 2010: Kimberly Kane (The Sex Files: A Dark XXX Parody – Revolution X/Digital Sin)

• 2011: Kimberly Kane

• 2012: Jessie Andrews

• 2013: Lily Carter (Wasteland – Elegant Angel Productions)

• 2014: Remy LaCroix (The Temptation of Eve – New Sensations Erotic Stories)

• 2015: Penny Pax (Wetwork – Vivid)

• 2016: Penny Pax (The Submission of Emma Marx: Boundaries – New Sensations Erotic Stories)

• 2017: Kleio Valentien (Suicide Squad XXX: An Axel Braun Parody – Wicked Comix)

• 2018: Jill Kassidy (Half His Age: A Teenage Tragedy - Pure Taboo/Pulse)

• 2019: Avi Love (The Possession of Mrs. Hyde - Wicked)

• 2020: Angela White (Perspective - Adult Time/Pulse)

• 2021: Maitland Ward (Muse - Deeper/Pulse)

• 2022: Maitland Ward (Muse 2 - Deeper/Pulse)

• 2023: Maitland Ward (Drift - Deeper/Pulse)

• 2024: Kira Noir (Machine Gunner - Digital Playground)

Best Adult Web Site
• 2019: EvilAngel

• 2020: Adult Time

Best Amateur or Pro-Am Series
• 1993: Randy West's Up and Cummers

• 1994: Anal Adventures of Max Hardcore

• 1995: Max

• 1996: Cumback Pussy

• 1997: Filthy First-Timers

• 1999: Real Sex Magazine

• 2000: Real Sex Magazine

• 2001: Up and Cummers

• 2002: Up and Cummers

• 2003: Shane's World

• 2004: Breakin' 'Em In (Red Light District)

• 2005: Breakin' 'Em In (Red Light District)

• 2006: New Whores 2 (Mayhem)

Best Anal or D.P. Sex Scene
• 1993: (Arabian Nights)

• * Julian St. Jox

• * Porsche Lynn

• * Sean Michaels

• 1994: (Butt Banged Bicycle Babes)

• * Kim Chambers

• * Mark Davis

• * Yvonne

• * John Stagliano

• 1995: (Bottom Dweller 33 1/3)

• * Careena Collins

• * Jake Steed

• 1996: (Car Wash Angels)

• * Careena Collins

• * T. T. Boy

• * Tom Byron

• 1997: (Behind the Sphinc Door)

• * Alisha Klass

• * Tom Byron

• 1999: (Tushy Heaven)

• * Alisha Klass

• * Samantha Stylle

• * Sean Michaels

• 2000: (When Rocco Meats Kelly 2)

• * Alba de Monte

• * Kelly

• * Nacho Vidal

• * Rocco Siffredi

Best Anal Series
• 2019: Anal Beauty (Tushy)

• 2020: Anal Models (Tushy/Pulse)

2004–2010
• 2004: Space Nuts (Wicked Pictures)

• 2005: Misty Beethoven The Musical (VCA Pictures)

• 2006: Camp Cuddly Pines Powertool Massacre (Wicked Pictures)

• 2007: Britney Rears 3 (X-Play/Hustler Video)

• 2008: Not the Bradys XXX (X-Play/Hustler)

• 2009: Ashlynn Goes to College 2 (New Sensations) – non-parody

• 2009: Not Bewitched XXX (X-Play) – parody

• 2010: Not Married with Children XXX (X-Play/LFP Video)

Comedy
• 2011: The Big Lebowski: A XXX Parody (New Sensations)

• 2012: The Rocki Whore Picture Show: A Hardcore Parody (Wicked Pictures)

• 2013: Star Wars XXX: A Porn Parody (Axel Braun/Vivid)

• 2014: Grease XXX: A Parod (Adam & Eve Pictures)

• 2015: Not Jersey Boys XXX: A Porn Musical (X-Play/Pulse)

• 2016: Peter Pan XXX: An Axel Braun Parody (Wicked Fairy Tales)

Drama
• 2011: The Sex Files 2: A Dark XXX Parody (Revolution X/Digital Sin)

• 2012: Taxi Driver: A XXX Parody (Pleasure Dynasty/Exile)

• 2013 (tie): Dallas XXX: A Parody (Adam & Eve Pictures) and Diary of Love (Smash Pictures)

• 2014: OMG ... It's the Leaving Las Vegas XXX Parody (Septo/Paradox/Exquisite)

• 2015: Cinderella XXX: An Axel Braun Parody (Wicked Fairy Tales)

• 2016: Magic Mike XXXL: A Hardcore Parody (Wicked Pictures)

Comic
• 2012: Spider-Man XXX: A Porn Parody (Vivid Entertainment Group)

• 2013: Superman vs. Spider-Man XXX: An Axel Braun Parody (VividXXXSuperheroes)

• 2014: Man of Steel XXX: An Axel Braun Parody (VividXXXSuperheroes)

• 2015 (tie): Barbarella XXX: A Kinky Parody (Kink.com/Jules Jordan) and The Doctor Whore Porn Parody (Wood Rocket/Digital Sin)

• 2016: Batman v. Superman XXX: An Axel Braun Parody (Wicked Pictures)

Comedy
• 2017: Cindy Queen of Hell (Burning Angel/Exile)

• 2018: Bad Babes Inc. (Adam & Eve Pictures)

• 2019: Love in the Digital Age (New Sensations Romance)

• 2020: Love Emergency (Adam & Eve Pictures)

Parody
• 2017: Suicide Squad XXX: An Axel Braun Parody (Wicked Comix)

• 2018: Justice League XXX: An Axel Braun Parody (Wicked Comix)

• 2019: Deadpool XXX: An Axel Braun Parody (Wicked Comix)

• 2020: Captain Marvel XXX: An Axel Braun Parody (Wicked Comix)

Best Cumback
• 2007: Lisa Ann

• 2008: Kaylani Lei

• 2009: Teagan Presley

• 2010: Eva Angelina

• 2011: Dale DaBone

• 2012: Prince Yahshua

• 2013: Steven St. Croix

• 2014: Sunny Lane

• 2015: Ryder Skye

• 2016: Ryan Conner

• 2017: Briana Banks

• 2018: Tori Black

Best Director
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
 * 1987: John Leslie
 * 1993: Paul Thomas
 * 1994: John Leslie
 * 1995: Michael Ninn
 * 1996: Gregory Dark
 * 1997: John Leslie
 * 1999: John Leslie
 * 2000: Paul Thomas
 * 2001: Michael Raven
 * 2002: Jules Jordan
 * 2003: John Stagliano
 * 2004: Jules Jordan
 * 2005: Jules Jordan
 * 2006: Joone

Features

 * 2007: Brad Armstrong
 * 2008: (tie) Brad Armstrong and Stormy Daniels
 * 2009: Brad Armstrong
 * 2010: Will Ryder
 * 2011: Brad Armstrong
 * 2012: Graham Travis
 * 2013: Graham Travis
 * 2014: Jacky St. James
 * 2015: Jacky St. James
 * 2016: Jacky St. James
 * 2017: Brad Armstrong
 * 2018: Bree Mills
 * 2019: Kayden Kross
 * 2020: Kayden Kross

Non-Features

 * 2007: Jules Jordan
 * 2008: Jules Jordan
 * 2009: Jules Jordan
 * 2010: William H.
 * 2011: William H.
 * 2012: William H.
 * 2013: William H.
 * 2014: Mason
 * 2015: Mason
 * 2016: Greg Lansky
 * 2017: Greg Lansky
 * 2018: Greg Lansky
 * 2019: Jonni Darkko
 * 2020: Jules Jordan

Parody

 * 2011: Axel Braun
 * 2012: Axel Braun
 * 2013: Axel Braun
 * 2014: Will Ryder
 * 2015: Axel Braun
 * 2016: Axel Braun
 * 2017: Axel Braun
 * 2018: Axel Braun
 * 2019: Axel Braun
 * 2020: Joanna Angel

Web
}}
 * 2014: Greg Lansky
 * 2015: Greg Lansky
 * 2016: Stills By Alan
 * 2017: Stills by Alan
 * 2018: (tie) Maestro Claudio & Ivan
 * 2019: Ivan
 * 2020: Kayden Kross

Best DVD Extras

 * 2006: Camp Cuddly Pines Powertool Massacre

Best Ethnic/Interracial/Blended Series
• 2010: Big Black Wet Asses (Elegant Angel)

• 2011: Asian Fucking Nation (Darkko Productions/Evil Angel)

• 2012: Lex the Impaler (Jules Jordan Video)

• 2013: Mandingo Massacre (Jules Jordan Video)

• 2015: My First Interracial (Blacked/Jules Jordan)

• 2016: My First Interracial (Blacked/Jules Jordan)

• 2017: Black & White (Blacked/Jules Jordan)

• 2018: Interracial Icon (Blacked/Jules Jordan)

• 2019: Blacked Raw (Blacked Raw)

• 2020: Blacked Raw (Blacked Raw/Pulse)

Best: Girl-Girl Sex Scene
• 1984 (Body Girls)

• * Erica Boyer

• * Robin Everett

• 1985: (Pleasure Island)

• * 5 Woman orgy

• 1993: (Hidden Obsessions)

• * Janine

• * Julia Ann

• 1994: (The Dinner Party)

• * Celeste

• * Debi Diamond

• * Misty Rain

• 1995: (Takin' It To The Limit 6)

• * Careena Collins

• * Felecia

• * Jill Kelly

• * Misty Rain

• * Traci Allen

• 1996: (Beyond Reality 1)

• * Careena Collins

• * Felecia

• 1997: (Miscreants)

• * Jeanna Fine

• * Stephanie Swift

• * Tiffany Mynx

• 1999: (Tampa Tushy Fest 1)

• * Alisha Klass

• * Chloe

• 2000: (Torn)

• * Chloe

• * Ginger Lynn

• 2001: (Les Vampires)

• * Ava Vincent

• * Syren

• 2002: (No Man's Land 33)

• * Inari Vachs

• * Jewel De'Nyle

• 2003: (The Fashionistas)

• * Belladonna

• * Taylor St. Claire

• 2004: (My Plaything – Jenna Jameson 2 - Digital Sin)

• * Carmen Luvana

• * Jenna Jameson

• 2005: (The Violation of Audrey Hollander - JM Productions)

• * Ashley Blue

• * Audrey Hollander

• * Brodi

• * Gia Paloma

• * Kelly Kline

• * Tyla Winn Note: A "Best Girl-Girl Release" category was created in 2005. No "Best Girl-Girl Scene" awards have been given out since.

Best Girl-Girl Release or Series
• 2006: Belladonna's Fucking Girls (Belladonna/Evil Angel)

• 2007: Belladonna: No Warning 2 (Belladonna Productions/Evil Empire)

• 2008: Belladonna's Fucking Girls 4 (Belladonna/Evil Angel)

• 2009: Belladonna’s Girl Train (Belladonna Entertainment)

• 2010: Women Seeking Women (Girlfriends Films)

• 2011: Women Seeking Women (Girlfriends Films)

• 2012: Women Seeking Women (Girlfriends Films)

• 2013: Women Seeking Women (Girlfriends Films)

• 2014: Women Seeking Women (Girlfriends Films)

• 2015: Women Seeking Women (Girlfriends Films)

• 2016: Women Seeking Women (Girlfriends Films)

• 2017: Angela Loves Women (AGW/Girlfriends Films)

• 2018: Women Seeking Women (Girlfriends Films)

• 2019: Angela Loves Women (AGW/Girlfriends Films)

• 2020: Angela Loves Women (AGW/Girlfriends Films)

Best Gonzo Release
• 2006: Slut Puppies (Jules Jordan/Evil Angel)

• 2007: Jenna Haze Darkside (Jules Jordan Video)

• 2008: Flesh Hunter 10 (Jules Jordan Video)

• 2009: Alexis Texas Is Buttwoman (Elegant Angel)

• 2010: Big Wet Asses 15 (Elegant Angel)

• 2011: Tori Black Is Pretty Filthy 2 (Elegant Angel)

• 2012: Asa Akira Is Insatiable 2 (Elegant Angel)

• 2013: Asa Akira Is Insatiable 3 (Elegant Angel Productions)

• 2014: Remy LaCroix's Anal Cabo Weekend (LeWood/Buttman/Evil Angel)

• 2015: V for Vicki (Jonni Darkko/Evil Angel)

• 2016: Angela 2 (AGW Entertainment/Girlfriends Films) and Anikka's Anal Sluts (BAM Visions/Evil Angel)

• 2017: Natural Beauties (Vixen/Jules Jordan)

• 2018: Angela 3 (AGW Entertainment/Girlfriends Films)

• 2019: Angela Loves Anal 2 (AGW/Girlfriends Films)

• 2020: Angela White: Darkside (Jules Jordan Video)

Best Gonzo Series
• 1997: Shane's World

• 1999: Whack Attack

• 2000: Please

• 2001: Please!

• 2002: Service Animals

• 2003: Flesh Hunter

• 2004: Flesh Hunter

• 2005: Service Animals (Joey Silvera/Evil Angel)

• 2006: Service Animals (Joey Silvera/Evil Angel)

• 2007: Joey Silvera's Service Animals (All Blew Shirts/Evil Empire)

• 2008: Ass Worship (Jules Jordan Video)

• 2009: Big Wet Asses (Elegant Angel)

• 2010: Seasoned Players (Tom Byron Pictures/Evolution Distribution)

• 2011: Big Wet Asses (Elegant Angel)

• 2012: Big Wet Asses (Elegant Angel)

• 2013: Raw (Manuel Ferrara/Evil Angel)

• 2014: Wet Asses (Jules Jordan Video)

• 2015: DP Me (Hard X/O.L. Entertainment)

• 2016: Anal Beauty (Tushy/Jules Jordan Video) and Gangbang Me (Hard X)

• 2017: Angela Loves (AGW/Girlfriends Films)

• 2018: Angela Loves (AGW/Girlfriends Films)

• 2019: DP Me (Hard X/O.L. Entertainment)

• 2020: Raw (Manuel Ferrara/Jules Jordan)

Best Group Sex Scene
• 1984: (Stud Hunters)

• * Pippi Anderssen

• * 5 other male performers

• 1985: (New Wave Hookers)

• * Ginger Lynn

• * Steve Powers

• * Tom Byron

• 1993: Slave to Love

• * orgy

• 1994: (Friday Night Delights 2)

• * Britney Loara

• * Lexington Steele

• * Nathan Threat

• * Nat Turnher

• * Isiah Maxwell

• 1995: (New Wave Hookers 4)

• * The staircase orgy

• 1996: (American Tushy)

• * Alex Sanders

• * Hakan

• * Missy

• * Taren Steele

• 1997: (The Psychosexuals)

• * Chloe

• * Mickey G.

• * Missy

• * Ruby

• 1999: (Asswoman In Wonderland)

• * Iroc

• * Luciano

• * Stryc-9

• * Tiffany Mynx

• 2000: (Tristan Taormino's Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex)

• * Final Orgy

• 2001: (In the Days of Whore)

• * Kristi Myst

• * other gang bang participants

• 2002: (Gangbang Auditions 7)

• * Aurora Snow

• * Five men

• 2003: (The Fashionistas)

• * Friday

• * Rocco Siffredi

• * Sharon Wild

• * Taylor St. Claire

• 2004: (Flesh Hunter 5 – Evil Angel)

• * Arnold Schwarzenpecker

• * John Strong

• * Mark Wood

• * Taylor Rain

• * Trent Tesoro

• 2005: (Baker’s Dozen 2 – Brandon Iron Productions/Platinum X Pictures)

• * Julie Night

• * Kami Andrews

• * Missy Monroe

• * Others

Best Male-Female (Couples) Sex Scene
• 1984: (Every Woman Has A Fantasy)

• * John Leslie

• 1985: (Ball Busters)

• * John Leslie

• * Nina Hartley

• 1990: (The Chameleon)

• * Buck Adams

• * Tori Welles

• 1993: (New Wave Hookers 3)

• * Crystal Wilder

• * Rocco Siffredi

• 1994: (Seymore and Shane on the Loose)

• * Lana

• * T. T. Boy

• 1995: (Kink)

• * Careena Collins

• * Rocco Siffredi

• 1996: (Max 8: The Fugitive)

• * Lovette

• * Max Hardcore

• 1997: (The Psychosexuals)

• * Mickey G.

• * Nikita

• 1999: (Pink Hotel on Butt Row)

• * Elena

• * T. T. Boy

• 2000: (Nothing to Hide 3 and 4)

• * Gwen Summers

• * Julian

• 2001: (Xxxtreme Fantasies of Jewel De'Nyle)

• * Jewel De'Nyle

• * Nacho Vidal

• 2002: (Welcome To Chloeville 3)

• * Chloe

• * Mark Davis

• 2003: (The Fashionistas)

• * Rocco Siffredi

• * Taylor St. Claire

• 2004: (Babes in Pornland 14: Bubble Butt Babes – Puritan Video Productions)

• * Jewel De'Nyle

• * Manuel Ferrara

• 2005: (XXX – Mercenary Pictures)

• * Katsumi

• * Lexington Steele

• 2006: (Dark Side – Red Light District Video)

• * Herschel Savage

• * Penny Flame

Best Mini-Feature Series

 * 1993: Sodomania
 * 1994: Sodomania

Best On-Screen Chemistry

 * 2007: (Fashionistas Safado: The Challenge)
 * Gianna
 * Jenna Haze
 * Rocco
 * 2008:
 * James Deen
 * Joanna Angel
 * 2009:
 * James Deen
 * Joanna Angel

Best POV Release or Series

 * 2007: Jack's POV 5 (Digital Playground)
 * 2008: inTERActive (Teravision/Hustler)
 * 2009: Tunnel Vision 3 (Jules Jordan Productions)
 * 2010: (tie) POV Jugg Fuckers 2 (Darkko Productions/Evil Angel) and POV Pervert 11 (Mike John Productions/Jules Jordan Video)
 * 2011: POV Pervert (Mike John Productions/Jules Jordan Video)
 * 2012: POV Pervert (Mike John Productions/Jules Jordan Video)
 * 2013: POV Pervert (Mike John/Jules Jordan)
 * 2015: POV Pervert (Mike John/Jules Jordan)
 * 2016: Lex's Point of View (Evil Angel)
 * 2017: POV Sluts (Toni Ribas/Evil Angel)
 * 2018: Bang POV (Bang Bros)

Best Release

 * 2006: Pirates (Digital Playground/Adam & Eve)
 * 2007: Curse Eternal (Wicked Pictures)
 * 2008: Babysitters (Digital Playground)
 * 2009: Cheerleaders (Digital Playground)
 * 2010: Flight Attendants (X-Play/Adam & Eve Pictures)
 * 2011: Pornstar Superheroes (Elegant Angel)
 * 2012: Lost and Found (New Sensations)
 * 2013: Wasteland (Elegant Angel Productions)
 * 2014: The Submission of Emma Marx (New Sensations)
 * 2015: Second Chances (New Sensations)
 * 2016: Being Riley (Tushy/Jules Jordan Video)
 * 2017: Preacher’s Daughter (Wicked Pictures)
 * 2018: The Submission of Emma Marx: Evolved (New Sensations)
 * 2019: Abigail (Tushy)
 * 2020: Drive (Deeper/Pulse)

Before the 2006 awards, separate categories existed for film, video and DVD.

Best Epic

 * 2006: Pirates (Digital Playground/Adam & Eve)
 * 2007: Corruption (Sex Z Pictures)
 * 2008: Upload (Sex Z Pictures)
 * 2009: (tie) Fallen (Wicked Pictures) and Pirates II: Stagnetti's Revenge (Digital Playground)
 * 2010: 2040 (Wicked Pictures)
 * 2011: Speed (Wicked Pictures)
 * 2012: Portrait of a Call Girl (Elegant Angel)
 * 2013: Voracious: The First Season (John Stagliano/Evil Angel)
 * 2014: Underworld (Wicked Pictures)
 * 2015: Wetwork (Vivid)
 * 2016: Wanted (Wicked Pictures/Adam & Eve)

DVD of the Year

 * 2001: Dream Quest
 * 2002: Dark Angels: Special Edition
 * 2003: Euphoria
 * 2004: The Fashionistas (Evil Angel)
 * 2005: Millionaire (Private U.S.A./Pure Play Media)

Best Feature Film of the Year
• 1985: Every Woman Has a Fantasy

• 1988: Every Woman Has a Fantasy 2

• 1989: Pretty Peaches 2

• 1990: Pretty Peaches 3 - The Quest

• 1991: Wild Goose Chase

• 1992: Chameleons Not the Sequel

• 1993: Justine: Nothing to Hide 2

• 1994: Dog Walker

• 1995: Borderline

• 1996: Sex Freaks

• 1997: Bad Wives

• 1999: Masseuse 3

• 2000: The Awakening

• 2001: Les Vampyres

• 2002: Fade to Black

• 2003: The Fashionistas

• 2004: Compulsion

• 2005: The Masseuse (Vivid Entertainment Group)

• 2005: Pirates

Best Video Feature of the Year
• 1985: Black Throat

• 1986: Dream Girls

• 1987: Nightshift Nurses

• 1988: Catwoman

• 1989: Chameleon

• 1990: Buttman's Ultimate Workout

• 1991: Buttman's European Vacation

• 1993: Pussyman

• 1994: Takin' It to the Limit

• 1995: Latex

• 1996: Buttman In The Crack

• 1997: The Psychosexuals

• 1999: Café Flesh 2

• 2000: Torn

• 2001: Buttman's Toy Stories

• 2002: Euphoria

• 2003: The Ass Collector

• 2004: Beautiful

• 2005: In the Garden of Shadows (Ninn Worx/Pure Play Media)

Best Screenplay

 * 1984: Every Woman Has A Fantasy
 * 1985: Taboo American Style
 * 1988: Deep Throat II (Michael Evans)

Best Series

 * 1996: Joey Silvera's Butt Row

Best Supporting Actor

 * 1984: Joey Silvera (Public Affairs)
 * 1985: Joey Silvera (She's So Fine)

Best Supporting Actress

 * 1984: Sharon Kane (Throat: 12 Years After)
 * 1985: Kimberly Carson (Girls On Fire)

Best Threeway Sex Scene
• 2001: (Please 9)

• * Amanda

• * Jessica

• * Nacho Vidal

• 2002: (Up Your Ass 18)

• * Aurora Snow

• * Lexington Steele

• * Mr. Marcus

• 2003: (Trained Teens)

• * Aurora Snow

• * Gauge

• * Jules Jordan

• 2004: (Mason's Dirty Tricks – Elegant Angel)

• * Julie Night

• * Manuel Ferrara

• * Steve Holmes

• 2005: (Flesh Hunter 7 – Jules Jordan/Evil Angel)

• * Alberto Rey

• * Mark Ashley

• * Teagan Presley

Best Vignette Series

 * 1995: The Voyeur

Deep Throat Award

 * 2009: Angelina Valentine

Female Performer of the Year
• 1985: Ginger Lynn

• 1989: Nina Hartley

• 1990: Tori Welles

• 1991: Christy Canyon

• 1992: Jeanna Fine

• 1993: Ashlyn Gere

• 1994: Debi Diamond

• 1995: Leena

• 1996: Juli Ashton

• 1997: Missy

• 1998: Jill Kelly

• 1999: Stacy Valentine

• 2000: Inari Vachs

• 2001: Jewel De'Nyle

• 2002: Jewel De'Nyle

• 2003: Belladonna

• 2004: Ashley Blue

• 2005: Lauren Phoenix

• 2006: Nicki Hunter

• 2007: Hillary Scott

• 2008: Sasha Grey

• 2009: Jenna Haze

• 2010: Tori Black

• 2011: Tori Black

• 2012: Asa Akira

• 2013: Asa Akira

• 2014: Remy LaCroix

• 2015: Anikka Albrite

• 2016: Adriana Chechik

• 2017: Adriana Chechik

• 2018: Angela White

• 2019: Angela White

• 2020: Angela White

• 2021: Emily Willis

• 2022 (tie): Gianna Dior & Emily Willis

• 2023: Jane Wilde

• 2024: Vanna Bardot

Girl/Girl or Lesbian Performer of the Year
• 2016: Tanya Tate

• 2017: Shyla Jennings

• 2018: Charlotte Stokely

• 2019: Charlotte Stokely

• 2020: Charlotte Stokely

• 2021: Charlotte Stokely

• 2022: Charlotte Stokely

• 2023: Aidra Fox

• 2024: Anna Claire Clouds

Kinky Scene

 * 1984: (Insatiable II)
 * Jamie Gillis
 * Marilyn Chambers
 * 1985: (Nasty)
 * Gayle Sterling
 * Jamie Gillis
 * Lynx Canon

Mainstream Adult Media Favorite
• 2004: Mary Carey

• 2005: (tie) Seymore Butts (Family Business – Showtime Entertainment) and Jenna Jameson (How to Make Love Like a Porn Star – Regan Books)

• 2006: Stormy Daniels

• 2007: Ron Jeremy

• 2008: Stormy Daniels

• 2009: Sasha Grey

• 2010: Sasha Grey

• 2011: Riley Steele

• 2012: Bree Olson

• 2013: James Deen

• 2014: James Deen

• 2015: Asa Akira

• 2016: Jessica Drake

• 2017: Julia Ann

• 2018: Joanna Angel

Male Performer of the Year
• 1993: Marc Wallice

• 1994: Jon Dough

• 1995: T. T. Boy

• 1996: T. T. Boy

• 1997: Tom Byron

• 1999: Mr. Marcus

• 2000: Bobby Vitale

• 2001: Evan Stone

• 2002: Lexington Steele

• 2003: Erik Everhard

• 2004: Manuel Ferrara

• 2005: Manuel Ferrara

• 2006: Manuel Ferrara

• 2007: Tommy Gunn

• 2008: Evan Stone

• 2009: James Deen

• 2010: Evan Stone

• 2011: Manuel Ferrara

• 2012: Manuel Ferrara

• 2013: Manuel Ferrara

• 2014: Manuel Ferrara

• 2015: Mick Blue

• 2016: Mick Blue

• 2017: Mick Blue

• 2018: Markus Dupree

• 2019: Small Hands

• 2020: Mick Blue

MILF of the Year
• 2007: Janine

• 2008: Kylie Ireland

• 2009: Julia Ann

• 2010: Lisa Ann

• 2011: Julia Ann

• 2012: India Summer

• 2013: Veronica Avluv

• 2014: Francesca Le

• 2015: India Summer

• 2016: Kendra Lust

• 2017: Cherie DeVille

• 2018: Cherie Deville

• 2019: Bridgette B.

• 2020: Bridgette B.

• 2021: Britney Amber

• 2022: Brandi Love

• 2023: Natasha Nice

• 2024: Penny Barber

Most Outrageous DVD Extras

 * 2007: Corruption (Sex Z Pictures)
 * 2008: Upload (Sex Z Pictures)
 * 2009: Pirates II: Stagnetti's Revenge (Digital Playground)
 * 2010: 2040 (Wicked Pictures)
 * 2011: Speed (Wicked Pictures)

New Starlet
• 1984: Ginger Lynn

• 1988: Porsche Lynn

• 1990: Tori Welles

• 1992: Nikki Dial

• 1993: Shayla LaVeaux

• 1994: Misty Rain

• 1995: Jenna Jameson

• 1996: Stacy Valentine

• 1997: Nikita

• 1999: Raylene

• 2000: Jewel De'Nyle

• 2001: Tera Patrick

• 2002: Monica Mayhem

• 2003: Carmen Luvana

• 2004: Lauren Phoenix

• 2005: Teagan Presley

• 2006: Hillary Scott

• 2007: Sasha Grey

• 2008: Bree Olson

• 2009: Stoya

• 2010: Kagney Linn Karter

• 2011: (tie) Allie Haze & Chanel Preston

• 2012: Jessie Andrews

• 2013: Remy LaCroix

• 2014: A.J. Applegate

• 2015: Carter Cruise

• 2016: Abella Danger

• 2017: Elsa Jean

• 2018: (tie) Lena Paul & Whitney Wright

• 2019: Gia Derza

• 2020: Gianna Dior

• 2021: Avery Cristy

• 2022: Blake Blossom

• 2023: Nicole Doshi

• 2024: Chanel Camryn

New Stud
• 2000: Evan Stone

• 2001: Dillon Day

• 2003: Manuel Ferrara

• 2004: Ben English

• 2005: Tommy Gunn

• 2006: Scott Nails

• 2007: Derrick Pierce

• 2008: Charles Dera

• 2009: C.J. Wright

• 2010: Dane Cross

• 2011: Xander Corvus

• 2012: Giovanni Francesco

• 2013: Logan Pierce

• 2014: Tyler Nixon

• 2015: Rob Piper

• 2016: Damon Dice

• 2017: Ricky Johnson

• 2018: Dredd

• 2019: Jason Luv

• 2020: Stirling Cooper

Oral Scene

 * 1984: (Succulent)
 * Little Oral Annie
 * Ron Jeremy
 * 1985: (Love Bites)
 * Amber Lynn
 * Peter North
 * Rick Savage

Orgasmic or Awesome Analist
• 2001: Chloe

• 2002: Jewel De'Nyle

• 2003: Belladonna

• 2004: Lauren Phoenix

• 2005: Lauren Phoenix

• 2006: Katja Kassin

• 2007: Hillary Scott

• 2008: Hillary Scott

• 2009: Belladonna

• 2010: Jenna Haze

• 2011: Bobbi Starr

• 2012: Bobbi Starr

• 2013: Kristina Rose

• 2014: Jada Stevens

• 2015: Adriana Chechik

• 2016: A.J. Applegate

• 2017: Vicki Chase

• 2018: Abella Danger

• 2019: Abella Danger

• 2020: Abella Danger

• 2021: Angela White

• 2022: Emily Willis

• 2023 (tie): Vicki Chase & Angela White

• 2024: Vicki Chase

Orgasmic Oralist
• 2000: Bobbi Bliss

• 2001: Inari Vachs

• 2002: Kaylynn

• 2003: Kaylynn

• 2004: Felicia Fox

• 2005: Roxy Jezel

• 2006: Hillary Scott

• 2007: Hillary Scott

• 2008: Jenna Haze

• 2009: Belladonna

• 2010: Bobbi Starr

• 2011: Jenna Haze

• 2012: Brooklyn Lee

• 2013: Brooklyn Lee

• 2014: Vicki Chase

• 2015: Vicki Chase

• 2016: Vicki Chase

• 2017: Vicki Chase

• 2018: Vicki Chase

• 2019: Vicki Chase

• 2020: Vicki Chase

• 2021: Vicki Chase

• 2022: Angela White

• 2023: Blake Blossom

• 2024: Nicole Doshi

Star Showcase
• 2019: I Am Angela (Angela White, Evil Angel Films)

• 2020:  Angela White: Dark Side (Jules Jordan)

Superslut
• 2003: Catalina

• 2004: Julie Night

• 2005: Ariana Jollee

• 2006: Ariana Jollee

• 2007: Hillary Scott

• 2008: Annette Schwarz

• 2009: Bobbi Starr

• 2010: Bobbi Starr

• 2011: Kristina Rose

• 2012: Asa Akira

• 2013: Brooklyn Lee

• 2014: Bonnie Rotten

• 2015: Adriana Chechik

• 2016: Adriana Chechik

• 2017: Holly Hendrix

• 2018: Holly Hendrix

• 2019: Adriana Chechik

• 2020: Angela White

• 2021: Gia Derza

• 2022: Gia Derza

• 2023: April Olsen

• 2024: Summer Vixen

Teen or Cream Dream
• 2001: Allysin Chaynes

• 2002: Aurora Snow

• 2003: Ashley Blue

• 2004: Cytherea

• 2005: Teagan Presley

• 2006: Kinzie Kenner

• 2007: Mia Rose

• 2008: Bree Olson

• 2009: Tori Black

• 2010: Lexi Belle

• 2011: Tara Lynn Foxx

• 2012: Allie Haze

• 2013: Lily Carter

• 2014: Mia Malkova

• 2015: August Ames

• 2019: Kenzie Reeves

• 2020: Gabbie Carter

• 2021: Naomi Swann

• 2022: Liz Jordan

• 2023: Coco Lovelock

• 2024: Molly Little

Trans Performer of the Year
• 2019: Aubrey Kate

• 2020: Aubrey Kate

• 2021: Daisy Taylor

Unsung Siren
• 1993: Lacy Rose

• 1994: Shane

• 1995: Tammi Ann

• 1996: Sindee Coxx

• 1997: Chloe

• 1999: Katie Gold

• 2000: Sydnee Steele

• 2001: Shelbee Myne

• 2002: Alana Evans

• 2003: Olivia Saint

• 2004: Sabrine Maui

• 2005: Katie Morgan

• 2006: Haley Paige

• 2007: Mika Tan

• 2008: Roxy DeVille

• 2009: Amber Rayne

• 2010: Marie Luv

• 2011: Charley Chase

• 2012: India Summer

• 2013: Vicki Chase

• 2014: Vicki Chase

• 2015: Casey Calvert

• 2016: Amber Rayne

• 2017: Veruca James

• 2018: Casey Calvert

• 2019: Valentina Nappi

• 2020: Kira Noir

• 2021: Aiden Ashley

• 2022: Natasha Nice

• 2023: Spencer Bradley

• 2024: Gizelle Blanco

Unsung Swordsman
• 1996: Steve Hatcher

• 1997: Dave Hardman

• 1999: Luciano

• 2000: Ian Daniels

• 2001: Erik Everhard

• 2002: Dave Cummings

• 2003: Brandon Iron

• 2004: Steve Holmes

• 2005: Brian Surewood

• 2006: Brandon Iron

• 2007: Mark Wood

• 2008: James Deen

• 2009: Charles Dera

• 2010: Sascha

• 2011: Mark Ashley

• 2012: Mr. Pete

• 2013: Mark Ashley

• 2015: John Strong

• 2016: John Strong

• 2017: Johnny Sins

• 2018: Charles Dera

• 2019: Charles Dera

• 2020: Charles Dera

Woodsman of the Year

 * 1993: Sean Michaels
 * 1994: Alex Sanders
 * 1995: T. T. Boy

Worst Movie

 * 1993: Nympho Zombie Coeds
 * 1994: Gum-Me-Bare
 * 1995: World's Biggest Gang Bang
 * 1996: Frankenpenis
 * 1997: 87 And Still Bangin'
 * 1999: World's Biggest Anal Gangbang
 * 2000: The Vomitorium
 * 2001: Watch Me Camp Bitch!
 * 2002: Fossil Fuckers
 * 2003: You're Never Too Old to Gangbang

title: XRCO Awards


text:
Jerry Lynn

Jeremy Lynn (born June 12, 1963), better known by the ring name Jerry Lynn, is an American retired professional wrestler currently signed with All Elite Wrestling as a producer and coach.

Lynn has worked for promotions such as World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), NWA Total Nonstop Action (NWA TNA), and Ring of Honor (ROH). He is a two time world heavyweight champion, having held the ECW World Heavyweight Championship once and the ROH World Championship once. Other championships held by Lynn in his career include the GWF Light Heavyweight Championship (once), WWF Light Heavyweight Championship (once), the TNA X Division Championship (twice), the NWA World Tag Team Championship (twice) and the WWA International Cruiserweight Championship (once).

Lynn retired as an active wrestler on March 23, 2013, exactly 25 years after his career began.

Early career (1988–1991)
Lynn started wrestling in March 1988 in various independent promotions in the Minnesota and Michigan areas, one being Pro Wrestling America, where he won both their Heavyweight and Light Heavyweight championships. Lynn first joined the World Wrestling Federation in May 1989 as enhancement talent, losing to Rick Martel, and teaming with Ray Brown in a loss to Big Boss Man and Akeem later that night. In 1989, he began wrestling for Verne Gagne's American Wrestling Association, where by the end of 1990, he became the last challenger for the AWA World Heavyweight Championship, held by Larry Zbyszko, before Zbyszko left for World Championship Wrestling. In 1990, he made his first overseas trip to Japan, wrestling for Universal Lucha Libre. In January 1991, he wrestled for the United States Wrestling Association in Memphis and took part in a tournament for the USWA Southern Heavyweight Championship; he lost to Tony Anthony in the first round.

International experience (1991–1995)
In June 1991, Lynn wrestled for the Global Wrestling Federation (GWF) based in Dallas, Texas. While in GWF, Lynn captured the GWF Light Heavyweight Championship. Lynn also engaged in a two-year feud with The Lightning Kid which gave both men considerable exposure in North America. In February 1992, he had a brief stop with Smoky Mountain Wrestling in Knoxville. In 1992, Lynn would take a role as an unnamed high school senior and as a stuntman in the movie Crossing the Bridge; to prepare for the role, he did an angle with the Lightning Kid, where Kid cut Lynn's hair and sold it in small bags at $4 a bag, making a total $80. In December 1993, he returned to Japan for a tour with Michinoku Pro Wrestling. In July 1994, he went to Mexico under the masked alter-ego, Sultan Gargola for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre. In July 1995, Lynn returned to Michinoku Pro under the masked alter-ego Golgotha Cross, a villain from the Tiger Mask manga. Less than a month later, he would lose his mask to Gran Naniwa. In April 1995, Lynn returned to the WWF in a singles loss to Rad Radford and teamed up with Lenny Lane in a loss to The Heavenly Bodies the next night.

World Championship Wrestling (1995–1997)
In September 1995, Lynn joined World Championship Wrestling, alternating between wrestling under his real name and under the masked alter-ego Mr. J.L. He joined WCW's cruiserweight division, where he competed against the Mexican luchadores and a variety of wrestlers from around the world such as Chris Benoit, Dean Malenko, Eddie Guerrero, Sabu, Chris Jericho and Alex Wright. Lynn suffered a broken arm on December 18, 1995, in a match against Dean Malenko that would air one week later on Nitro on Christmas night.

In May 1996, Lynn as Mr. J.L. went to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), representing WCW for their annual Best of the Super Juniors league; he placed fifth on Block A with two confirmed points.

One of his last major matches took place at the Clash of the Champions XXXIV, where he suffered a six-man tag team loss while teaming with Konnan and La Parka against Chris Jericho, Super Calo and Chavo Guerrero Jr. While he was injured, Eric Bischoff fired him from WCW in July 1997.

World Wrestling Federation (1997)
After leaving WCW, Lynn appeared with the WWF in August 1997 in their light heavyweight division, wrestling only two matches. He lost to Taka Michinoku on Friday Night Main Event and defeated Steve Casey on WWF Shotgun Saturday Night.

Early years (1997–1999)
After leaving WWF, Lynn joined Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), where he debuted as a fan favorite at As Good as It Gets at the ECW Arena on September 20, 1997, and immediate began a "respect" feud with Justin Credible, who debuted against Lynn that same evening. Lynn formed a team with Tommy Rogers as the two began a rivalry with the team of Chris Candido and Lance Storm, losing to them in a match at Ultimate Jeopardy. Lynn made his pay-per-view debut in ECW at November to Remember, where he rescued Rogers from a double-team assault by Candido and Storm, leading to an immediate rematch between the two teams, which Rogers and Lynn lost again. Lynn defeated Chris Candido at the 1998 House Party. He then formed a tag team with Chris Chetti to feud with The Full Blooded Italians (Little Guido and Tracy Smothers), whom Lynn and Chetti defeated in matches at Hostile City Showdown and Living Dangerously.

Lynn was next booked in a series of matches against his fellow debutant Justin Credible, which saw Credible winning the last match in the feud at the Heat Wave pay-per-view. After this, Lynn was involved in a feud with Lance Storm and Mikey Whipwreck, a feud that was shortened when Whipwreck left for WCW.

Feuding with Rob Van Dam and World Heavyweight Champion (1999–2001)
Once the feud with Lance Storm was ended, Lynn was booked in a match for the ECW World Television Championship with Rob Van Dam at Living Dangerously in 1999. The finish saw Lynn win the title from Van Dam (the time limit expired and Lynn was awarded the title by referee decision instead of by pinfall or submission). Despite this win, he asked for a five-minute time extension, in which he was pinned by Van Dam after a Five-Star Frog splash. Though Lynn did not win the match, he from then on referred to himself as "The New F'N Show", mocking Van Dam's nickname, "The Whole F'N Show", as well as claiming he would be the wrestler to deprive Van Dam of the title. Though Lynn received several more title opportunities with Van Dam, he was not successful in winning the World Television Title before Van Dam was stripped of the title after suffering a legitimate broken ankle. Around the same time, Lynn also suffered a broken ankle, taking him out of action. On his return to ECW TV, Lynn challenged Van Dam to one more match at Hardcore Heaven, which Lynn won due to interference by Scotty Anton.

On October 1, 2000, at the Anarchy Rulz, Lynn defeated Justin Credible for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship. He held the title for one month, making a successful title defense against Steve Corino, to whom he lost the title to in a re-match. Lynn blamed the fans and ECW management for putting him in an unfair situation at the November To Remember, claiming they intentionally screwed him out of the championship for their new golden boy Corino. Lynn subsequently aligned with former rival Cyrus, who would serve as his manager following November To Remember and claimed that Cyrus was the only one in ECW who recognized his greatness. At the last ECW pay-per-view, Guilty as Charged in 2001, Lynn was in the main event, losing to Rob Van Dam via a Van Terminator.

World Wrestling Federation (2001–2002)
Following the bankruptcy of ECW in April 2001, Lynn was hired by the WWF. Lynn made his TV debut on the April 29, 2001, episode of Sunday Night Heat, where he defeated Crash Holly for the Light Heavyweight Championship in his debut match. He would hold the championship for 37 days and would successfully retain over former champions Crash Holly, Taka Michinoku, Dean Malenko and Essa Rios, as well as Christopher Daniels, Grandmaster Sexay and others. He eventually lost the title to Jeff Hardy and had a notable match with Rob Van Dam for the WWF Hardcore Championship on an episode of Sunday Night Heat before being released in February 2002, following a knee injury.

World Wrestling All-Stars (2002–2003)
After leaving the WWF, he joined the World Wrestling All-Stars promotion and debuted on the Revolution PPV, confronting Eddie Guerrero, who had just won the WWA International Cruiserweight Championship from Psicosis in a three-way match which included Juventud Guerrera. However, nothing came of this, as Guerrero left to return to the WWF. Lynn would take part in a tournament to determine a new International Cruiserweight champion, but lost to AJ Styles in the finals on the Eruption PPV.

In May 2003, Lynn entered another tournament to determine a new International Cruiserweight Champion, and won the vacant title by defeating Chris Sabin in the finals. However, four days later, he lost the title to Sabin, who unified the title with the TNA X-Division Championship, in a four-way match which included Johnny Swinger and Frankie Kazarian on the Reckoning PPV.

NWA: Total Nonstop Action (2002–2007)
In early June 2002 (shortly after release from the WWF), Lynn signed with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), taking part in the first ever TNA match as part of a six-man tag match against the Flying Elvises. He won the TNA X Division Championship twice, as well as the NWA World Tag Team Championship twice (once with A.J. Styles, once with Amazing Red). He feuded with A.J. Styles and Don Callis, and was an X Division mainstay. In the late spring of 2003, he joined the newly formed All World Wrestling League/Big Time Wrestling. However, in February 2004 he suffered a severe shoulder injury, tearing the tendon from the bone in his rotator cuff, when Juventud Guerrera botched a Juvi Driver. Lynn became a TNA road agent, planning matches and coaching younger talent.

Lynn made his return to the ring on June 10, 2005, when he faced Justin Credible at Hardcore Homecoming, an ECW reunion show organized by ECW alumnus Shane Douglas. On July 17 at No Surrender, Lynn refereed a match between Sean Waltman and A.J. Styles, refusing to allow Waltman to cheat in the course of the match. This led to a match between Lynn and Waltman at Sacrifice on August 14, which Lynn won. After the match, Waltman initially celebrated with Lynn before attacking his former partner. The following week on Impact!, it was announced that Lynn had re-injured his shoulder. (This was believed to be an angle designed to fuel the feud between Lynn and Waltman rather than a legitimate aggravation of the existing injury. The length of his absence would seem to contradict this; however, the angle was likely dropped when Sean Waltman no-showed Unbreakable a month later, as TNA would not work with Waltman on a regular basis again for over four years).

In January 2006, he began making on-screen appearances once more as a road agent. He came out at Final Resolution to watch a match which was Chris Sabin, Sonjay Dutt and Matt Bentley taking on the team of Alex Shelley, Roderick Strong and Austin Aries. Lynn continued to make several other appearances throughout the rest of 2006, and even faced Bobby Roode in a losing effort during TNA's first house show in Detroit.

On January 14, 2007, Lynn made his return to regular in ring competition returning to TNA to compete for the TNA X Division Championship against Chris Sabin and then-champion Christopher Daniels at Final Resolution, in which he delivered his trademark cradle piledriver to Daniels and subsequently got pinned by Chris Sabin. Lynn carried on to feud with Sabin over the X Division title. On an episode of Impact!, Lynn won a ladder match to become the number one contender for the TNA X Division Championship. At Destination X, Lynn was defeated by Chris Sabin in a two out of three falls match. After the match, a masked man (later revealed to be Christopher Daniels) performed the Angel's Wings on Sabin, but also hit Lynn with the title belt. At Lockdown, Daniels defeated Lynn in a Six Sides of Steel match. At Sacrifice, Jerry Lynn won a four-way X-Division battle between himself, Alex Shelley, Senshi, and Tiger Mask (New Japan Pro-Wrestling star also making his TNA debut). On June 17, 2007, at Slammiversary, Jerry Lynn teamed up with former NFL tight end Frank Wycheck to defeat the team of James Storm and Ron Killings. Wycheck pinned Storm after using Lynn's signature move, the cradle piledriver. At Victory Road in July, Jerry Lynn teamed up with former WWF World Heavyweight Champion Bob Backlund against the tag team of The Motor City Machine Guns, Alex Shelley and Chris Sabin, with Kevin Nash in their corner. Lynn wrestled the majority of the match and was knocked out cold by an interfering Kevin Nash, followed by a pinfall by Chris Sabin. In August 2007, Lynn asked for and received his release from TNA.

Ring of Honor (2008–2011, 2012)
Lynn made several appearances for Ring of Honor, prior to becoming a full-time roster member. Lynn made an appearance for Ring of Honor, where he wrestled ROH World Champion Nigel McGuinness in a non-title match, which he lost. He has also wrestled in ROH's sister promotion Full Impact Pro on two occasions, wrestling Austin Aries and Roderick Strong in a Three Way Dance, before taking on Aries the next night in a singles match. Lynn has wrestled on ROH's PPV taping on September 19, 2008, in a losing effort to Chris Hero. Then next night Lynn returned to the ECW Arena for ROH's Glory By Honor VII by defeating Kenny King. On September 22, 2008, Lynn was named a full-time member of the ROH roster. Soon after, Lynn was a participant in the inaugural match of TV show Ring of Honor Wrestling on HDNet, pinning Delirious for the win.

At Supercard of Honor IV, he defeated Nigel McGuinness to win his first ROH world title. At Manhattan Mayhem III, Lynn lost the ROH World Title to Austin Aries in a Three Way Dance, which also involved Tyler Black, on June 13, 2009. He would later enter in a rivalry with Austin Aries, Kenny King and Rhett Titus, leading to an alliance with Delirious. Lynn received the Pro Wrestling Illustrated award for "Comeback of the Year" for 2009 for his stint in ROH.

Lynn returned to ROH on December 16, 2012, at Final Battle 2012: Doomsday, where he was defeated by Mike Bennett in his final match with the promotion.

Return to TNA (2010–2011, 2013)
Lynn returned to TNA on the August 5, 2010, edition of Impact!, announcing that he would take on Rob Van Dam one more time at the ECW reunion show, Hardcore Justice, on August 8. However, on August 7 it was reported that Lynn was forced to pull out of the event due to a back injury and was replaced by Sabu. Lynn reappeared on Impact Wrestling on June 23, 2011, again confronting Van Dam, after which it was announced that the two would face each other on July 10 at Destination X. Lynn wrestled his TNA return match on the July 7 edition of Impact Wrestling, losing to Van Dam in a four-way match, which also included A.J. Styles and Christopher Daniels. At Destination X, Lynn was defeated by Van Dam in a singles match. Lynn made his next appearance on August 7 at Hardcore Justice, where accompanied Van Dam to the ring for his match with Crimson. After Van Dam was hit with Crimson's finishing maneuver, Lynn entered the ring and broke up the following pin, causing the referee to disqualify Van Dam. On the August 18 edition of Impact Wrestling, Lynn cost Van Dam another Bound for Glory Series match against A.J. Styles in similar fashion. On the September 1 edition of Impact Wrestling, Lynn turned on Van Dam, costing him his match with Gunner and, in the process, eliminating him from the finals of the Bound for Glory Series and turning heel. The following week Lynn explained his turn by claiming that he was tired of being in Van Dam's shadow and mentioned that Eric Bischoff had helped him realize it. On October 16 at Bound for Glory, Van Dam defeated Lynn in a Full Metal Mayhem match.

As part of his retirement tour, Lynn returned to TNA on January 12, 2013, as part of the tapings of the One Night Only: X-Travaganza PPV, losing to Rob Van Dam in a No Disqualification match. This would be Lynn and Van Dam's final match together.

Independent circuit (2003–2013)
Lynn worked for the All World Wrestling League presents Big Time Wrestling from late 2003 to early 2004.

Lynn participated in the East Coast Wrestling Association's eleventh-annual Super 8 Tournament, which he won after defeating Sonjay Dutt in the finals on November 10, 2007, in Newark, Delaware.

In June 2007, Lynn debuted for Anarchy Championship Wrestling (ACW), based in Austin, Texas. Lynn won the ACW Heavyweight Championship in his first match by defeating Scot Summers. Lynn would hold the title for six months and after two time limit draws, Lynn lost the title back to Summers in a no time limit match in January 2008. Lynn continued wrestling for ACW through 2008 and in November, he won the ACW tag team titles with Scot Summers. Lynn and Summers remained tag team champions for over a year before losing the titles to the Submission Squad in January 2010. Lynn returned to ACW for a match in August 2011 and then again at the start of 2012. After announcing that he would be retiring at the end of the year, the rest of Lynn's appearances became known as the retirement tour for the Godfather of Anarchy.

One of Amarillo's independent promotions, West-Texas Wrestling Association, announced January 12, 2008, at their second anniversary show that Jerry Lynn would face Kaos "The Rock Superstar" at WWA's Collision Course 3 on April 12, 2008, at The Nat "Brawl Room", hyping the fact they have two nationally known names facing off in a one-on-one match for Indy supremacy. Lynn would face local star, Mark Wilson, instead, due to an injury sustained by Joey Munoz. Jerry Lynn would return to WWA frequently to face local Amarillo stars. He would also face, and defeat, Justin Credible and Raven, in separate matches in WWA.

Lynn participated in Pro Wrestling Syndicate's Majestic Twelve Tournament on March 22, 2008, in Yonkers NY. Lynn teamed with Kenny Omega in the first round defeating Tommy Suede and Kevin Matthews. Omega eliminated Lynn in Round 2. Lynn's most recent PWS match was on May 8, 2010, when he defeated Vampiro in White Plains NY.

On April 25, 2008, Lynn defeated Jason Gory, Shiima Xion, and Davey Richards to win the Super Indy VII Tournament that is held by International Wrestling Cartel. Traditionally, the winner of the tournament is awarded the IWC Super Indy Championship. However, Lynn refused to accept the belt and instead challenged the champion Larry Sweeney to a title match at the next show. On May 17, 2008, Lynn defeated Sweeney to officially become IWC Super Indy Champion. On September 13, 2008, Lynn lost the Super Indy title to kayfabe apprentice Johnny Gargano in a 3 Way Dance, which also included Super HENTAI.

On March 10, 2012, Lynn announced that he would retire from professional wrestling at the end of the year.

On April 28, 2012, Lynn defeated Devon Storm at Extreme Reunion in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

On September 14, 2012, Lynn made his debut for Chikara, when he, Too Cold Scorpio and Tommy Dreamer entered the 2012 King of Trios as "The Extreme Trio", defeating Team WWF (1-2-3 Kid, Aldo Montoya and Tatanka) in their first round match. The following day, The Extreme Trio was eliminated from the tournament by Team ROH (Mike Bennett, Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson).

On November 10, 2012, Lynn wrestled for MPX in Bedford, Texas where he won a fatal four way to become the MPX Champion. Lynn immediately vacated the title due to his impending retirement and the match marked his final appearance in the Dallas/Fort Worth area where he spent much of his early career with the GWF. On February 9, 2013, Lynn defeated Lance Storm in his final match in Pro Wrestling Syndicate in the Main Event of the show.

Lynn wrestled his retirement match at the Minneapolis Convention Center on March 23, 2013, which was the 25th anniversary of his debut as a professional wrestler. The event was promoted by Dave Sabick along with his promotion Heavy On Wrestling. He faced Horace the Psychopath, JB Trask and Sean Waltman in a four-way match, in which he was victorious. After the match, the locker room came out to celebrate Lynn's career and he was presented with a trophy.

Return to ROH (2014–2019)
Lynn was backstage at Ring of Honor's Best in the World 2014 pay-per-view in Nashville, Tennessee, where he now lives. Sporting a new shorter haircut, this was the first wrestling show he's attended since retiring in 2013. In December 2015, Lynn returned to Ring of Honor where he had a confrontation with ROH World Champion Jay Lethal. At Final Battle 2015, Lynn would be on commentary during the main event between Lethal and AJ Styles alongside Kevin Kelly and Nigel McGuinness. In 2016, Lynn began work for the company as a backstage agent/producer.

All Elite Wrestling (2019–present)
In 2019, Lynn signed with All Elite Wrestling (AEW) as a coach and producer. On January 19, 2021, episode of Impact Wrestling, Jerry Lynn and Tony Khan debuted by watching Private Party wrestle against Chris Sabin and James Storm in a match when Private Party defeated Sabin and Storm. Lynn interfered in the match, allowing Private Party to win. He made an appearance in Philadelphia following Rampage on October 8, 2021, when Tony Khan called him out alongside Dean Malenko, Taz and Chris Jericho to thank them for inspiring him.

On the September 7, 2022, episode of AEW Dynamite, he was a judge for ROH Pure Championship. On December 10, 2022, he was also a judge during the ROH Pure Championship match at Final Battle, and also celebrated with Claudio Castagnoli following his ROH Championship win.

On the June 8, 2023 episode of ROH TV, Lynn and Stokely Hathaway were announced by Tony Khan as the new ROH Board of Directors.

Professional wrestling style and legacy
Lynn uses the Cradle Piledriver as his finishing move. According to him, he used the move after a recommendation from Nova, who was inspired by Dynamite Kid.

Former wrestler Lance Storm described Lynn as "Academy Award winning supporting actor. One of the greatest actors of all time, who was just never cast in that lead role", while sports journalist Dave Meltzer described him as "one of the most underrated workers of the last quarter century".

Championships and accomplishments

 * All American Wrestling
 * AAW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * ACW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * ACW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Scot Summers
 * Anarchy Elite (2016)
 * Born Championship Wrestling
 * BCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * East Coast Wrestling Association
 * Super 8 Tournament (2007)
 * Extreme Championship Wrestling
 * ECW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Extreme Rising
 * Legend of the Year (2012)
 * Frontier Wrestling Alliance
 * FWA British Heavyweight Title No.1 Contenders Round Robin Challenge (2002)
 * Gateway Championship Wrestling
 * GCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Global Wrestling Federation
 * GWF Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Hardcore Hall of Fame
 * Class of 2010
 * Heavy On Wrestling
 * Hall of Fame (2013)
 * Independent Wrestling Association East Coast
 * IWA East Coast Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South
 * IWA Mid-South Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Indie Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Class of 2022
 * International Wrestling Cartel
 * IWC Super Indy Championship (1 time)
 * Super Indy Tournament (2008)
 * Metroplex Wrestling
 * MPX Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Mid-South
 * NWA Mid-South Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

 * NWA Total Nonstop Action
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with A.J. Styles (1) and Amazing Red (1)
 * TNA X Division Championship (2 times)
 * World X Cup (2004) – with Chris Sabin, Christopher Daniels and Elix Skipper
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship Tournament (2002) - with AJ Styles

 * New Era Pro Wrestling
 * NEPW Triple Crown Championship (1 time)
 * New York Wrestling Connection
 * NYWC Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NYWC Hi-Fi Championship (1 time)
 * NYWC Interstate Championship (1 time)
 * NYWC Hall of Fame (Class of 2019)
 * Premier Wrestling Federation
 * Match of the Year (2004) - with Masato Tanaka
 * Pro Wrestling America
 * PWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * PWA Light Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 * PWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with The Lightning Kid
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * PWI Comeback of the Year (2009)
 * PWI Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (1999)
 * Ranked No. 29 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the PWI 500 in 2003
 * Ranked No. 281 of the top 500 greatest wrestlers in the "PWI Years" in 2003
 * Ring of Honor
 * ROH World Championship (1 time)
 * Showtime All-Star Wrestling
 * SAW International Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Steel Domain Wrestling
 * SDW Television Championship (1 time)
 * Suncoast Pro Wrestling
 * SPW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Brady Boone
 * United States Wrestling Organization
 * USWO Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * USWO Television Championship (1 time)
 * World Wrestling All-Stars
 * WWA International Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
 * WWA International Cruiserweight Title Tournament (2003)

 * World Wrestling Federation
 * WWF Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

title: Jerry Lynn


text:
Hermippus

Hermippus (Ἕρμιππος; fl. 5th century BC) was the one-eyed Athenian writer of the Old Comedy, who flourished during the Peloponnesian War.

Life
He was the son of Lysis, and the brother of the comic poet Myrtilus. He was younger than Telecleides and older than Eupolis and Aristophanes. According to the Suda, he wrote forty plays, and his chief actor was Simeron, according to the scholiast of Aristophanes. The titles and fragments of nine of his plays are preserved. He was a bitter opponent of Pericles, whom he accused (probably in the Moirai) of being a bully and a coward, and of carousing with his boon companions while the Lacedaemonians were invading Attica. He also accused Aspasia of impiety and offences against morality, and her acquittal was only secured by the tears of Pericles (Plutarch, Pericles, 32). In the "Female Bread-Sellers", he attacked the demagogue Hyperbolus. The "Mat-Carriers" contains many parodies of Homer.

Surviving titles and fragments
Ninety-four fragments of Hermippus' work survives, along with the following nine titles:

 * Athenas Gonai ("Birth of Athena")
 * Artopolides ("Female Bread-Sellers")
 * Demotai ("Citizens")
 * Europa ("Europa")
 * Theoi ("Gods")
 * Kerkopes ("Cercopes")
 * Moirai ("Fates")
 * Stratiotai ("Soldiers")
 * Phormophoroi ("Mat-Carriers")

Hermippus also appears to have written scurrilous iambic poems after the manner of Archilochus. Other types of works written by Hermippus cited by ancient writers include trimeters and tetrameters.

Fragments

 * Theodor Kock. Comicorum Atticorum fragmenta, i. (1880).
 * Augustus Meineke. Poetarum Graecorum comicorum fragmenta, (1855).
 * C. Austin and Rudolf Kassel. Poetae Comici Graeci.

title: Hermippus