text:
Alan Hull

James Alan Hull (20 February 1945 – 17 November 1995) was an English singer-songwriter and founding member of the Tyneside folk rock band Lindisfarne.

Career
Hull was born at 68 Sutton's Dwellings, Adelaide Terrace, Benwell, Newcastle upon Tyne. He began piano lessons at the age of nine, and guitar lessons two years later. He attended Rutherford Grammar School, Newcastle after sitting the eleven-plus in 1956 and was given a guitar at the age of twelve. Hull wrote his first song soon afterwards.

He became a member of the band The Chosen Few alongside keyboard player Mick Gallagher. He supported himself by working as a window cleaner, one year by working as a nurse at a mental hospital and as a driver for Newcastle Co-op TV Department while appearing as a folk singer and guitarist in local clubs before helping to form Brethren and Downtown Faction, which evolved into Lindisfarne in 1970. He also released a one-off solo single, "We Can Swing Together", which was re-recorded with the group on their first album, Nicely Out of Tune, and became a regular favourite in their stage performances.

As the group's most prolific songwriter and joint lead vocalist, Hull came to be regarded as its leader. In 1972, dissatisfied with the sound and critical reception of their third album Dingly Dell, he considered leaving the group but instead he and joint lead vocalist Ray "Jacka" Jackson formed a new six-piece Lindisfarne the following year, leaving the three other original members to form Jack The Lad. He also released his first solo album, Pipedream, the same year and published a book of poems, Mocking Horse. Alan Hull appeared in "Squire", an episode of the BBC's Second City Firsts drama series.

Lindisfarne disbanded in 1973 and Hull released a second solo album, Squire, then formed the short-lived Radiator, which also included drummer Ray Laidlaw of Lindisfarne and Jack the Lad. In March 1977 the original line-up of Lindisfarne reformed after a well-received series of sold-out Christmas shows at the Newcastle City Hall in 1976 which was broadcast on local radio. Thereafter he combined his musical career as front man of the group with a solo career.

He was also a staunch Labour Party activist. For a time he was secretary of his local constituency Labour Party. He performed in Blackpool to coincide with the Labour Party conference in 1990, and played at numerous benefit concerts for striking or redundant miners and shipyard workers.

In January 1994, he recorded Back to Basics, a live all-acoustic survey of the best of his songwriting from 1970 onwards.

Death
On the night of 17 November 1995, Hull suddenly collapsed at his home in North Shields and was pronounced dead on arrival at North Tyneside General Hospital at 11.30pm. A post-mortem held on 20 November revealed his death to be the result of a Coronary thrombosis. Hull's funeral was held on 24 November at North Shields Crematorium. Musician Chris Rea and actor Tim Healy were among those to attend. Hull's ashes were later scattered at the mouth of the River Tyne.

At the time of Alan’s death a new album, Statues & Liberties, was being completed; it was released in 1996.

On 19 July 2012, following a public campaign led by Barry McKay, Lindisfarne's manager during the 1970s, an Alan Hull memorial plaque was unveiled on the front of Newcastle City Hall, at a ceremony attended by hundreds of fans, and broadcast and filmed by Sky and ITV Tyne Tees.

Personal life
He married Patricia Sharp on 22 August 1966, and they had three daughters.

Documentary film
A BBC 4 documentary on the life of Hull, called Lindisfarne’s Geordie Genius: The Alan Hull Story, was first broadcast on 26 November 2021. In the hour-long film Sam Fender follows the career and personal life of Hull. Archive footage of performances and interviews features in the programme, some of it previously unseen. There are also tributes from fans of the songs including Sting, Elvis Costello, Mark Knopfler, Dave Stewart and Peter Gabriel. Drummer Ray Laidlaw expressed the view that, despite Lindisfarne's success, Hull had not received sufficient recognition as "a 'world-class' songwriter", and he hoped to establish Hull's place in music history.

Studio albums

 * Pipedream (1973) UK No. 29, AUS No. 51
 * Squire (1975)
 * Phantoms (1979)
 * On The Other Side (1983)
 * Another Little Adventure (1988)
 * Statues & Liberties (1996)

Compilation albums

 * When War Is Over - The BBC Recordings 1973 & 1975 (1998)
 * We Can Swing Together: The Anthology 1965-1995 (2005)
 * ''Singing a song in the morning light/the legendary demo tapes 1967-1970 (2024)

Live albums

 * Back to Basics (1994)
 * Alright on the Night - Live at Clifton Poly 1975 (2009)

Singles

 * "We Can Swing Together" / "Obadiah's Grave" (1970)
 * "Numbers" / "Drinking Song" / "One Off Pat" (1973)
 * "Justanothersadsong" / "Waiting" (1973)
 * "Dan The Plan" / "One More Bottle of Wine" (1975)
 * "One More Bottle of Wine" / "Squire" (1975)
 * "Crazy Woman" / "Golden Oldies" (1975)
 * "I Wish You Well" / "Love Is The Answer" (1979)
 * "A Walk in the Sea" / "Corporation Rock" (1979)
 * "Malvinas Melody" / "Ode to a Taxman" (1983)

With Radiator

 * Isn't It Strange (1977)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alan Hull


text:
Talk:Ithaca (town), New York

Town vs. City
This article needs to explain the relationship between the Town of Ithaca and the City of Ithaca (which is within the town boundaries).

Map
This article could benefit from a better map: one available to the public domain, but sharper than the one currently used, and showing the Village of Cayuga Heights and possibly some of the other unincorporated but named areas in the town. -- Ithacagorges 11 February 2010, 22:44 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Ithaca (town), New York


text:
Talk:Richard Shelby

Consensus to change Richard Shelby portrait
Requesting consensus on the lead image for Richard Shelby. Based on 's reasoning, the 2011 and 2022 images suffer from being too zoomed-out (something I don't disagree with) which in my view doesn't facilitate clean half-crops. Instead, close crops of the head and neck area must be used if a clean cropped portrait is desired. However, the current lead image is not high quality, being only 478 × 598 pixels in size.

For me, I think going back to the uncropped 2011 image, where Shelby still looks surprisingly spry, fit and unwithered at 76, is alright. The zoomed-out aspect isn't exceptionally problematic in my opinion - I can still tell what Shelby looks like from a brief look. SuperWIKI (talk) 06:43, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

 * I've been thinking about this for a few days now. I do quite like the uncropped 2011 portrait. For a full-body political portrait, the shot composition and background noise is quite good. While I think for shoulder-length portraits tend to be more encyclopedic (ex. Richard Nixon), the color in the 2006 one is quite muted, and it is of lower resolution. Curbon7 (talk) 07:04, 13 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Indeed. I only updated the 2022 one briefly because it happened to exist. The 2011 one has been there for years, anyway. SuperWIKI (talk) 07:15, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Richard Shelby


text:
Nowell

Nowell may refer to:

 * Nowell (given name)
 * Nowell (surname)
 * Nowell, Wisconsin, a U.S. ghost town

title: Nowell


text:
Philip Key (U.S. politician)

Philip Key (1750 – January 4, 1820) was an American congressional representative from Maryland.

Key was the son of Dr. John Key and was probably born on his father's estate near Leonardtown, Maryland. His father died in 1755, leaving his grandfather and later his uncles to act as his guardians. He pursued an academic course in England. Key eventually returned to Maryland and engaged in farming, he then began to study law and was later admitted to the bar and practiced.

Key served in the Maryland House of Delegates in 1773, he then became a member of the committee of correspondence for St. Mary's County, in 1774. He again served as a member of the House of Delegates during 1779–1790. Key was then elected to the Second Congress, and represented the 1st Congressional district of Maryland from March 4, 1791 – March 3, 1793. Key then returned to the House of Delegates in 1795 and 1796 where he served as speaker.

Key died in Chaptico, Maryland, and is likely interred in the churchyard there.

Key is also the cousin of Philip Barton Key and great-grandfather of Barnes Compton.

title: Philip Key (U.S. politician)


text:
Cus D'Amato

Constantine "Cus" D'Amato (January 17, 1908 – November 4, 1985) was an American boxing manager and trainer who handled the careers of Mike Tyson, Floyd Patterson, and José Torres, all of whom went on to be inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame. Several successful boxing trainers, including Teddy Atlas and Kevin Rooney, were tutored by D'Amato. He was a proponent of the peek-a-boo style of boxing, in which the fighter holds his gloves close to his cheeks and pulls his arms tight against his torso, which was criticized by some because it was believed that an efficient attack could not be launched from it.

Early life
Constantine D'Amato was born into an Italian-American family in the New York City borough of the Bronx on January 17, 1908, to Damiano (1868–1938) and Elisabetta ( Rosato; 1875–1913). Both his parents were from Toritto, province of Bari, Southern Italy, Region Puglia. His father delivered ice and coal in the Bronx using a horse and cart. He had three brothers, Rocco, Gerald, and Anthony. At a young age, D'Amato became very involved and interested in Catholicism, and even considered becoming a priest during his youth.

He had a brief career as an amateur boxer, fighting as a featherweight and lightweight, but was unable to get a professional license because of an eye injury he had suffered in a street fight. Cus stated in an interview that he did not hold any grudges towards his father for the childhood abuse, as he believed the beatings made him a better and a more disciplined man.

Career
At age 22, D'Amato opened the Empire Sporting Club with Jack Barrow at the Gramercy Gym. He lived in the gym for years. According to D'Amato, he spent his time at the gym waiting for a "champion", but his best fighters were routinely poached by "connected" managers. One fighter discovered by D'Amato was Italian-American Rocky Graziano, who signed with other trainers and managers and went on to become middleweight champion of the world. D'Amato also confronted boxing politics and decided, along with his friend Howard Cosell, to thwart the International Boxing Club of New York (IBC). Suspicious to the point of paranoia, he refused to match his fighter in any bout promoted by the IBC. The IBC was eventually found to be in violation of anti-trust laws and was dissolved.

Floyd Patterson
Under D'Amato's tutelage, Floyd Patterson captured the Olympic middleweight gold medal in the 1952 Helsinki games. D'Amato then guided Patterson through the professional ranks, maneuvering Patterson into fighting for the title vacated by Rocky Marciano. After beating Tommy "Hurricane" Jackson in an elimination fight, Patterson faced Light Heavyweight Champion Archie Moore on November 30, 1956, for the World Heavyweight Championship. He beat Moore by a knockout in five rounds and became the youngest World Heavyweight Champion in history at the time, at the age of 21 years, 10 months, three weeks and five days. He was the first Olympic gold medalist to win a professional Heavyweight title.

Patterson and D'Amato split after Patterson's second consecutive 1st-round KO loss to Sonny Liston, although his influence over the former two-time champion had already begun to diminish.

José Torres
D'Amato also managed José Torres who, in May 1965 at Madison Square Garden, defeated International Boxing Hall Of Fame member Willie Pastrano to become world Light Heavyweight champion. With the victory Torres became the third Puerto Rican world boxing champion in history and the first Latin American to win the world Light Heavyweight title.

Mike Tyson
After Patterson and Torres' careers ended, D'Amato worked in relative obscurity. He eventually moved to Catskill, New York, where he opened a gym, the Catskill Boxing Club. There he met and began to work with the future heavyweight champion, "Iron" Mike Tyson, who was in a nearby reform school. He adopted Tyson after Tyson's mother died. D'Amato trained him over the next few years, encouraging the use of peek-a-boo style boxing, with the hands in front of the face for more protection. D'Amato was briefly assisted by Teddy Atlas, and later Kevin Rooney, a protégé of D'Amato, who emphasized elusive movement.

It is unclear at exactly which age (11 or 12) Tyson first became seriously interested in becoming a professional boxer. "Irish" Bobby Stewart, a former Golden Gloves Champion, was approached by Tyson while working as a counselor at the Tryon School For Boys. Tyson knew of Stewart's former boxing glory and specifically asked to speak with Stewart who immediately took on a gruff attitude of the subject after witnessing Tyson's terrible behavior in his first days at the school. Bobby Stewart introduced Mike Tyson to D'Amato when Tyson was around 12 or 13 years old, after Stewart stated he had taught Tyson all he could about boxing technique and skill. D'Amato died a little over a year before Tyson became the youngest world heavyweight titleholder in history at the age of 20 years four months, thus supplanting Patterson's record. Rooney would guide Tyson to the heavyweight championship twelve months after D'Amato's death. Footage of D'Amato can be seen in Tyson, a 2008 documentary. Tyson credits D'Amato with building his confidence and guiding him as a father figure.

Personal life
Cus D'Amato and Camille Ewald (1905–2001) met in the 1940s and entered into a common-law relationship. Ewald was born in Staromishchyna, Ukraine, to Hnat and Anastasia Pershyn Ewaschuk, and adopted the surname Ewald after her family immigrated to Canada. Ewald supported D'Amato in his dedication to training socially challenged youths, and she allowed her home to function as a halfway house for D'Amato's pupils, often fulfilling the role of a mother figure to them. Most notably, D'Amato and Ewald, in anticipation of Mike Tyson's future athletic success, established legal guardianship over the young man in an effort to protect him both personally and financially from the cutthroat boxing establishment. D'Amato and Ewald never married, although their close friendship lasted for decades, until his death. Cus oversaw all the training and managing of his fighters, while she was responsible for cooking and household chores.

Death
D'Amato died of pneumonia at Mount Sinai Hospital in Manhattan on November 4, 1985. He was 77.

Cus D'Amato Memorial Award
Cus D'Amato Memorial Award was established by the Boxing Writers Association of America. The first was presented to Mike Tyson at the group's 61st annual dinner, May 16, 1986.

Science of Victory Marathon
From October 26, 2017, through November 4, 2017, an international, online "Science of Victory" marathon was dedicated to the memory of Cus D'Amato. Several journalists and boxers from Russia, Ukraine, Italy, Spain, Germany and the U.S. took part in this project, including Silvio Branco, Patrizio Oliva, Dr. Antonio Graceffo, Avi Nardia, and Gordon Marino. The marathon promoted the book Non-compromised Pendulum by Tom Patti and Dr. Oleg Maltsev, which reviewed Cus D'Amato's training style.

Portrayals in film, theater, and fiction
George C. Scott portrayed D'Amato in the 1995 HBO movie Tyson.

KNOCKOUT: The Cus D'Amato Story is a stage and screenplay based on the life of Cus D'Amato, from a concept by boxing trainer Kevin Rooney and written by Dianna Lefas.

The biography Confusing The Enemy tells the story of D'Amato.

Harvey Keitel portrayed him in the 2022 Hulu TV series Mike.

Commemoration
In 1993, the 14th Street Union Square Local Development Corporation named part of 14th Street, where D'Amato's Gramercy Gym was located, Cus D'Amato Way.

title: Cus D'Amato


text:
May Ball in Cambridge

A May Ball is a ball at the end of the academic year that takes place at any of the colleges of the University of Cambridge. They are elaborate and lavish formal affairs, requiring black tie or sometimes white tie, with ticket prices ranging from around £100 to as much as £640 for a pair of dining tickets at Trinity. May Ball budgets (excluding VAT) can exceed £200,000; a report by the student newspaper Varsity in 2016 found that the budget for the 2015 Trinity ball was £286,000. The balls are held in the colleges, starting around from 6-9 p.m. and lasting until well after dawn. "Survivors photographs" are taken of those who last until morning. Other colleges frequently hold winter balls, such as the popular Selwyn Snowball, who recently had acts such Tinchy Stryder and Mumford and Sons headlining.

History

The tradition of May Balls in Cambridge started in the 1830s with the first official one being the First and Third Trinity Boat Club May Ball in 1866. It is thought they developed from the celebrations surrounding successes in the May Bumps - a set of rowing races which used to take place before the university tripos examinations in May each year. The balls and the other celebrations which make up May Week (such as June Events and garden parties) moved from May to June in 1882, and still take place in June, after examinations, but the name has been retained.

By the 1890s, King's and Clare were holding regular balls, and the first St Catharine's Ball dates from 1929. As the 20th century progressed the formula of the balls varied very little until the 1960s, when students began to question both the cost and perceived stuffiness. Around this time, some colleges began to augment the traditional dance orchestras with rock bands, and by the end of the 1970s the focus of the majority had shifted towards booking rock acts.

As the all-male colleges began to allow female students, the ubiquitous double tickets began to be bought by pairs of students rather than inviting a date from outside of the university, causing a corresponding reduction in ticket sales; in 1991 Sidney Sussex and Downing merged balls, and in 1992 Pembroke cancelled its ball. When in 1993 there were a reported 16,000 tickets available to an undergraduate population of 10,000, Selwyn, Emmanuel, Girton and Peterhouse were all forced to cancel their balls, though Trinity and Magdalene sold out as usual. The solution was for most of the smaller balls to hold events every other year, and by the 2000s only Trinity, St John's, Clare, and Jesus were still holding annual May Balls.

They fell out of popularity with the students in the 1990s, but this trend has since reversed and tickets now sell out in record time. Local businesses also now seek to get involved and the local punting companies put on special night-time tours to allow people to watch the John's and Trinity College firework displays on the Backs from the River Cam - the river usually becomes gridlocked for these evenings during May Week.

Colleges hosting balls
Many Cambridge colleges originally held the balls in May, sometimes in the week preceding year-end exams. Today, they take place in May Week, which usually starts on the second Thursday of June following the end of exams, and which includes Suicide Sunday. The balls operate a strict dress code. Magdalene insists on white tie, which is recommended but not required at Trinity and Peterhouse, while all the others have a minimum of only black tie. Most balls are themed, though Magdalene, Peterhouse, and Trinity's are notable for their lack of a theme.

The First and Third Trinity Boat Club May Ball (named after the boat club, but now run by Trinity College), held on the first Monday of May Week, and the St John's May Ball, held on the first Tuesday. Magdalene and Peterhouse hold exclusive white tie balls. Other desirable May balls are held annually by Clare, which has some of the most beautiful gardens, Jesus, whose ball is popular amongst first year students, and Queens', whose balls are well known for finding soon-to-be-famous up and coming acts (see Performances below). Homerton hosts the first ball of May Week, and is also one of the least expensive black tie balls, but still provides an extravagant start to May Week. St Edmund's hosts the final ball of May Week and is known for attracting finalists and postgraduates. Christ's is known for securing high-profile acts. Trinity, Clare and St John's are situated directly on the River Cam, along the Backs, as are Queens', Magdalene and Trinity Hall. As a result, when several balls are held on the same evening, the river is lit up in different colours from the lights and the fireworks, creating a memorable backdrop to the evening's festivities. The latest break from tradition comes from Darwin, who are hosting the first ever plant-based May Ball.

Annual balls are held by Clare, Darwin, Hughes Hall, Jesus, St Edmund's, Robinson, Trinity, St John's and Wolfson; while Magdalene, Pembroke, Emmanuel, Corpus Christi, Christ's, Downing, Girton, Gonville and Caius, Homerton, Newnham, Queens', Sidney Sussex, Selwyn, and St Catharine's hold May Balls every two years.

Most balls have fundamental similarities: all will offer guests a variety of food, entertainment, and a selection of alcoholic drinks. The quality and diversity of all of these vary markedly between different balls. While all claim to offer luxury (and many deliver), some have distinctive hallmarks: Peterhouse is famed for its ferris wheel, Magdalene for its dining, Trinity for its exceptional fireworks and flame display, Clare for its entertainment lineup and St John's for its party atmosphere. Often the balls have overarching themes, sometimes they are fancy dress.

Ball entertainment is a closely guarded secret, not least because of the fear that other committees will 'free ride' by booking an act already booked at another ball and thus have to pay a reduced fee because the band is in Cambridge already, whilst simultaneously devaluing the 'get' by the initial contractor. This was seen in 2010 when Two Door Cinema Club performed at four separate balls. Partly for this reason, ball line-ups are not usually announced until the night of the ball, although they tend to leak out fairly early.

Ball crashing
Colleges with larger May balls pay considerable attention to security and the prevention of ball crashing. With tickets priced at over £150 and in short supply, students often try to gain unauthorized access, climbing high walls, arriving dressed as gorillas pretending to be part of the evening's entertainment, and posing as journalists. Typically, college porters are joined by both student and professional security staff and, at larger balls, police to identify and apprehend the crashers. Some colleges have painted walls with anti-burglar paint, which stains the crashers' clothes with luminous green paint, making it somewhat difficult to blend in. More courageous crashers can be seen swimming down the river Cam holding their clothes in a plastic bag above the water in an attempt to enter colleges from the banks.

As part of the security arrangements, students living in parts of the college and not attending the May Ball are often required either to vacate their rooms or remain in them without leaving overnight, in spite of the inevitable loud music.

Alternatives
Several colleges host a variation on these balls, a June Event. These are cheaper (£60-90), tend to be focused on live music, and frequently have less formal dress codes. Some colleges alternate June events and May balls from year to year. Trinity Hall, Newnham and Wolfson hold June events. In 2018 Wolfson held a May Ball instead. In 2023, Darwin College was the first college at Cambridge to host a vegan ball.

King's holds an annual event known as the "King's Affair" — like the June events it is cheaper and has a reputation for "Beats not Bollinger"; guests are invited to wear any costume they choose. With several different music stages focusing mainly on new DJs, the atmosphere is perhaps more akin to some festivals. The college used to hold a traditional May Ball, but this was banned by the local police after The Stranglers played in the 1970s and caused a crush.

In order to spread the fun throughout the year, a number of colleges have broken with tradition to hold balls at different times, normally either in the winter at the end of Michaelmas term, i.e. the beginning of December, or in spring at the end of Lent term. Selwyn is the only college to hold a yearly winter ball, known as the Snowball; in 2008 Selwyn also held a May Ball to celebrate its 125th Birthday and did so again in 2015 and 2017. Cambridge University Law Society also holds a well-regarded yearly winter ball. Fitzwilliam holds winter balls every two years, the most recent being November 2018. Of the spring balls, that of Girton is held biennially at the end of Lent term in March, whereas Churchill continues to produce an annual ball in the middle of Lent term every February.

Cambridge May Balls & June Events

 * Christ's May Ball
 * Churchill May Ball
 * Clare May Ball
 * Clare Hall June Event
 * Clare Hall May Ball
 * Corpus Christi May Ball
 * Darwin May Ball
 * Downing May Ball
 * Emmanuel May Ball
 * Fitzwilliam Winter Ball
 * Girton Spring Ball
 * Gonville and Caius May Ball
 * Homerton May Ball
 * Hughes Hall May Ball
 * Jesus May Ball
 * The King's Affair
 * Magdalene May Ball
 * Newnham June Event
 * Pembroke May Ball
 * Peterhouse May Ball
 * Queens' May Ball
 * Robinson May Ball
 * St Catharine's May Ball
 * St Edmund's May Ball
 * St John's May Ball
 * Selwyn May Ball
 * Selwyn Snowball
 * Sidney Sussex May Ball
 * Trinity May Ball (article)
 * Trinity Hall June Event
 * Wolfson June Event
 * Wolfson May Ball
 * Cambridge Union Society June Fling

Other May Balls

 * Trinity College, Dublin May Ball

title: May Ball in Cambridge


text:
Talk:Pelican eel

Supplemental Info for Diet or Description
Research has shown the these eels tend to utilize a dual mode morphing of the mouth in order to engage in lunge feeding (Bioinspired dual-morphing stretchable origami, Kim et al.) This could be valuable insight into this species' feeding mechanisms as well as the physiology of these organisms. Lmoberley (talk) 02:30, 2 March 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
This looks like a loose paraphrase of the enchanted learning site ... needed to be wikified in any event. Gary 22:18, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC) The red glowing tail of the Pelican/Gulper Eel could not be used for luring prey as the red light spectrum doesn't penetrate so deep in the ocean. There are many red animals in the deep however they would appear completely invisible to almost any other animal that far down. A few animals do have the ability to see the red spectrum but they must also be able to create a red light to see the red pigmented animals. It would be a valuable asset to any hunter in the deep ocean. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Funeralflight (talk • contribs) 16:19, 17 March 2014 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 13 January 2020 and 12 May 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Sameer.Mehta10, QMcC.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 06:20, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Gulper: Eurypharynx vs Saccopharynx
Are both Eurypharynx and Saccopharynx called gulper eel? Or is this a mistake in the lead? —Chris Capoccia T⁄C 11:20, 18 June 2018 (UTC)

Source 15 on Wiki Page
This source looks like a website page. When I access it, I cannot find any references or authors that can be verified as writers for this topic. It appears to share information that cannot be fact-checked through checking credentials of the writers or the references that are used, because there are not any clear ones Rpsenka (talk) 14:07, 1 March 2022 (UTC)

Sexual Dimorphism in Pelican eels
Under the Description heading, the second to last sentence in this section made the statement that Pelican eels do not seem to display sexual dimorphism. Pelican eels display sexual dimorphism mainly in the structure of their nasal rosette. --Raquilano (talk) 01:48, 17 March 2022 (UTC)

Description
The piece of information "Pelican eels are black or olive and some subspecies may have a thin lateral white stripe" does not seem to be supported by a source. A citation should be added to this information to verify it.Rpsenka (talk) 05:53, 11 April 2022 (UTC)

The piece of information "Specimens that have been brought to the surface in fishing nets have been known to have their long tails tied into several knots ". does not have a citation. This should have a citation.Rpsenka (talk) 06:06, 11 April 2022 (UTC)

Citation #8
The citation "Bray, Dianne J. (2011), "Gulper Eel, Eurypharynx pelecanoides".. Fishes of Australia, accessed 7 October 2014 " does not appear to navigate to an accessible link. This either needs to be amended or the information should be omitted because the citation is not functional and cannot be supported.Rpsenka (talk) 05:58, 11 April 2022 (UTC)

Description
Removed redundant sentence comparing the pelican eel's mouth to a pelican (This information exists in the introductory paragraph already). --Raquilano (talk) 20:02, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pelican eel


text:
Talk:Government of Ukraine (version 2)

Bios
For bios of most of the new cabinet members, see: http://www2.pravda.com.ua/en/ http://www.mirror-weekly.com/nn/index/532/

—206.231.91.2 22:17, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Government of Ukraine vs. Politics of Ukraine
I would keep the two separate articles, as it's done, for example, in France (see: Government of France vs. Politics of France). What is needed at this point is a clean up. The Government of Ukraine article should focus on the structure of the government. The Politics of Ukraine article should mostly describe political parties, incuding those which are currently in opposition (and thus are not a part of the government). 00:29, 20 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. Also, the executive branch section doesn't reflect the changed due to, what I would call, a Political reform in Ukraine, 2004-2006. I labeled the section as factually invorrect. Any takers for the Political reform article? --Irpen 03:00, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * "de facto appointed by the President upon negotiations with major political parties and parliamentary factions"''

Are there any reference confirmimg it?--AndriyK 09:54, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

The whole section, as I said above, doesn't account for changes due the the political reform. If you are well familiar with the subject, pls elaborate rather than throw tags. --Irpen 16:32, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

NISS and other Bodies
I agree that major ministries should be included. Mr. Sashaziv seems to keep reverting my entry of NISS, and making assertions about NBU (which I have not done anything to -- either deleted or included). NISS and the National Defense Council are both advisory bodies. NISS is one that I have visited; I knew the original director, S. Pirozhkov, very well. I know what its "mission" is. So why exclude it?

It is better to be inclusive in this article and not to get into fights.

If my reinsertion of NISS is deleted again, then I will abandon all efforts to contribute to this page. I have no political motivations here or anywhere else. I'm just trying to help to provide information for this encyclopedia.--Mack2 22:05, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The purpose of my comments and reversions are not to intimidate you or discourage you from contributing.
 * The article is about government and the section is about other bodies of government. It seems as if you miss the difference between орган влади and дорадчий орган? NISS is NOT a body of government of Ukraine. It is an advisory body (and you don't dispute this). Given that. NISS must be deleted from that section.
 * I can suggest that you create a section in President of Ukraine titled "Advisory bodies" and put all info about NISS there.
 * Also, you have deleted NBU from that section. Intentionally or unintentionally, but a deletion is a deletion. Check history. Sashazlv 23:18, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

 * By the way, the constitution (article 107) states that "Рада національної безпеки і  оборони  України  є координаційним органом з питань національної безпеки і оборони при Президентові України." So, strictly speaking, your claim that the National Defense Council is an advisory body is disputable. I find more reasons to claim it is a body of government. Sashazlv 23:29, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Sasha. I think this is a good solution.  When I have time I will put NISS into Office of President.  I did not intend to delete the NBU; it must have happened when I reverted after you reverted.  In general, it's not a good plan to just cancel somebody's post here without discussion.  That is why I started this section of discussion in hopes of working things out.  And now that we are talking, Hello!  I hope that as more bodies of government are added, including important offices below ministerial level such as the Statistical Office, we will also be putting in internet links.  Those are fairly stable for Ukraine but as you know they also change from time to time and have to be monitored.--Mack2 03:35, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I might also suggest that a general format for categorizing these would be to separate executive bodies (President and PM and suboffices), legislative bodies, judicial bodies, and then ministries. There are, of course, several standard government listings for Ukraine.  Here is one that does this kind of thing for many countries, and it uses the type of organizing format that I just mentioned:  http://www.ku.edu/~herron/  --Mack2 03:43, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for fixing the link, Irpen. This is not a "personal site." Herron is its creator, and has his name identified with it as its author/webmaster, but it is sponsored by the University of Kansas, as is plain from the webpage itself.--Mack2 14:26, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Important notice
The government section of the "Outline of Ukraine" needs to be checked, corrected, and completed -- especially the subsections for the government branches.

When the country outlines were created, temporary data (that matched most of the countries but not all) was used to speed up the process. Those countries for which the temporary data does not match must be replaced with the correct information.

Please check that this country's outline is not in error.

If you have any questions or comments, please contact The Transhumanist.

Thank you.

Pension date moved for civil servants
From 62 --> 65. Not sure but could use this info somewhere in future.... —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  16:41, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

removing POV tag with no active discussion per Template:POV
I've removed an old neutrality tag from this page that appears to have no active discussion per the instructions at Template:POV:
 * This template is not meant to be a permanent resident on any article. Remove this template whenever:
 * There is consensus on the talkpage or the NPOV Noticeboard that the issue has been resolved
 * It is not clear what the neutrality issue is, and no satisfactory explanation has been given
 * In the absence of any discussion, or if the discussion has become dormant.

Since there's no evidence of ongoing discussion, I'm removing the tag for now. If discussion is continuing and I've failed to see it, however, please feel free to restore the template and continue to address the issues. Thanks to everybody working on this one! -- Khazar2 (talk) 18:45, 29 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Government of Ukraine (version 2)


text:
Talk:Kirchhoff's circuit laws

This article needs some work
The vector calculus expressions are necessary, but a simpler, more practical explanation of the laws should also be included.

Also the copyright notices on the images are distracting and unnecessary in my opinion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rogerbrent (talk • contribs) 18:37, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

KCL derivation
User:Constant314 - Regarding my edits for the KCL derivation being reverted since it "proves the obvious", I do not think the proof is obvious. I would agree that it is obvious that conservation of charge and KCL are equivalent. However, this is not what the derivation shows. The derivation shows that if the time varying electric fields between the outside of each component are insignificant, then KCL holds. This is similar to the derivation that currently exists for KVL. If you think the derivation is too much detail (it is in an expandable box for that reason) or needs a citation (most derivations that I could find go from conservation of charge), or is not appropriate because most sources derive it via conservation of charge, then that is understandable. However, I think this derivation is much more useful to help understand when KCL holds and when it doesn't than starting from conservation of charge, which is practically a synonym for it (you might as well say, "Assume KCL, therefore KCL"). Thanks. Hddharvey (talk) 04:32, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Long proofs are often inappropriate for an encyclopaedia article. In an article about a mathematical proof then it is expected, but here it serves only to drive away the vast majority of potential readers.  Kirchhoff's laws were never derived mathematically.  They were entirely experimental laws.  Imo, it is enough to simply state that they can be formally derived from Maxwell's equations and state the limitations.  Readers likely to be interested in the details of the proof are more than likely already able to work it out for themselves and those not interested are likely to go away and find a more readable website.  Also, per MOS:PRECOLLAPSE, Auto-collapsed (pre-collapsed) elements should not be used to hide content in the article's main body for accessibility reasons. Also WP:DONTHIDE. SpinningSpark 11:28, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree with this approach. Kirchoff's laws predate Maxwell's work and do not depend on it. The summary of the relationship with Maxwell's laws in the lead is useful but more would be excessive here. We should say (as we do) that KCL is equivalent to conservation of charge and should add that KVL follows from conservation of charge and conservation of energy, but that's enough. Jonathan A Jones (talk) 12:58, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
 * I tend to think of KCL and KVL prescriptive rules for drawing a useful schematic rather than a theoretical result. By useful, I mean that the schematic can be solved and that the solutions are useful approximations of reality.  Real physical nodes have self-capacitance and coupling capacitance to other nodes.  Real physical nodes can violate KCL but a schematic mathematical node cannot.  You fix the situation by adding explicit capacitors to account for self-capacitance and coupling capacitance.  Likewise, a real physical loop in the presence of a changing magnetic field can violate KVL.  You fix it by adding an explicit voltage source or mutual inductance.  We should probably remove the “proof” of KVL.Constant314 (talk) 16:23, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
 * If your (User:Spinningspark) position is that in general derivations such as this shouldn't be present and readers should refer to citations instead, then OK (although it's a pattern I'd noticed in a few other pages for STEM topics, which is why I originally added the KVL one a few years ago). I personally always liked these sorts of pre-collapsed derivations when I saw them in other pages, but that is my opinion. The boxes that I've used appear to be uncollapsed by default on mobile or web browsers with JavaScript disabled, which means accessibility issues do not seem to be a problem but is understandably an issue for longer or more convoluted derivations.
 * User:Jonathan A Jones - Could you explain in what sense does KVL follow from conservation of charge and energy?
 * Hddharvey (talk) 23:50, 19 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Actually, that puzzles me, too. Constant314 (talk) 00:19, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Maybe the derivation would be ok as a standalone article (I think enough sources cover this to make that a viable article). Readers going to a page like that will know what they are getting into.  On the accessibility issue, the practice of collapsing segments predates Wikipedia becoming concerned about accessibility, so there's a lot of it pre-existing in the encyclopaedia, but it is now considered deprecated.  It's not just the mobile view that's an issue, I believe it does something horrible to screenreaders as well.  Accessibility has rapidly evolved from "please consider" the issue if you can, to a set of hard rules.  Best not to use it from now on. SpinningSpark 12:07, 20 September 2021 (UTC)

 * It's an interesting idea. Is there much precedent for having "Derivation of X" articles? The derivations wouldn't be that long (as you can see from the page history), although it would give some room to do a little bit more. If the derivations aren't too long, another option is just having a section at the very end of the current article. That avoids the use of the expandable box while not getting in the way of the main article (as an aside, I don't know how sophisticated screen readers are these days, can they read Wikipedia equations at all? - are you really gaining anything). Although based on what you've all said before it sounds like you don't want such derivations in the article. Hddharvey (talk) 12:53, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
 * What we have now might be short, but there must be some history behind this and there must be sources for it. Since we know Kirchhoff didn't get there through Maxwell's equations, somebody else must have done it first at a later date.  As for comparable examples, there doesn't seem to be any shortage of them; Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for specific exponents, Derivation of the Routh array, Derivation of the conjugate gradient method, Derivation of the Schwarzschild solution, Derivation of the Navier–Stokes equations to name just a few. SpinningSpark 14:05, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
 * That's beyond the scope of what I'm interested in doing on Wikipedia at the moment. Hddharvey (talk) 02:27, 21 September 2021 (UTC)
 * I just provided a derivation and discussion of the Kirchhoff Current Law. I do not know how to put it into Wikipedia format and would like help doing that.
 * The motivation for this work is that Kirchhoff's law is routinely applied to conditions that are not slow. But the discussion and derivation in Wikipedia and textbooks is for slow systems only. That should be dealt with.
 * It can ONLY be dealt with by using the Maxwell equations, because the essential issue is the displacement current that appears only in the Maxwell equations. Beisenbe (talk) 15:01, 2 March 2024 (UTC)

Image of KVL is incomplete
To completely specify a current, we must define its reference direction (arrow) and its value or symbol in the circuit diagram. Then, we can apply KCL. This was correctly done in the image of the section "Kirchhoff's current law", which has the caption "The current entering any junction is equal to the current leaving that junction. $$i_2 + i_3 = i_1 + i_4$$".

To completely specify a voltage, we must define its reference polarity (+ and - symbols) and its value or symbol in the circuit diagram. Then, we can apply KVL. However, in the image of the section "Kirchhoff's voltage law", which has the caption "The sum of all the voltages around a loop is equal to zero. $$v_1 + v_2 + v_3 + v_4 = 0$$", the reference polarities for the voltages weren't specified in the circuit diagram. So such definition of voltages is incomplete. Therefore, the equation $$v_1 + v_2 + v_3 + v_4 = 0$$ doesn't make sense until we define the reference polarities for the voltages in such image. Please do so, or use another image. It seems was the user who created the image, so I'd like to ask you to please add the "+" and "-" symbols for each voltage (except for the voltage which is obvious). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Alej27 (talk • contribs) 15:47, 10 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Those polarities are defined by the currents in each branch. Take a resistor: if you assume that a current is flowing from its terminal A to its terminal B, then terminal A is (must be!) at a higher potential (~voltage) than terminal B. The +/– symbols can be added, but don't need to: if you're traversing a branch of the loop in the direction of the current you take one sign for the voltages, and the other if you're traversing a branch going against the (assumed direction of the) current in the branch. Ponor (talk) 03:57, 11 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Three things. 1) The branch current isn't even labeled in the figure, nor the direction in which the loop was traveled (recall we can apply KVL without assuming a direction for the current), so there's no way to infer the voltage polarities of the three resistors (sure, we may say the current travels clockwise due to the source, but if I want I can define the positive reference direction for the current to be counterclockwise, and now all the voltage polarities of the resistors in the figure are wrong). 2) If we follow what you say, then the image caption is wrong, the equation should be $$v_4 = v_1 + v_2 + v_3$$ or $$v_1 + v_2 + v_3 - v_4 = 0$$ or $$-v_1 - v_2 - v_3 + v_4 = 0$$, not $$v_1 + v_2 + v_3 + v_4 = 0$$, because the voltages across the resistors are potential drops while the voltage across the source is a potential rise. 3) We shouldn't mix up KVL with Ohm's law; I mean, I understand what you say, but that's true because of Ohm's law, and I believe this article shouldn't bring Ohm's law to the discussion; I can define the polarity for two resistors to be opposite and still get a correct equation from KVL. Thanks for your reply anyway. Let's see what the others think. :) Alej27 (talk) 09:33, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

 * I agree that the figure could be improved. Perhaps  can comment.  Anyway, the rule is that as you go around the loop (typically clockwise, but it doesn't matter), you always assign polarities the same way.  That is, is you assign + to the first node of the first element that you encounter, then you assign + to the first node of every element as you encounter it. Constant314 (talk) 07:06, 11 January 2022 (UTC)

 * That's common in mesh analysis, though it's not a necessary rule. We can arbitrarily choose the reference polarities for the voltages of the three resistors, then apply KVL (and later on Ohm's law) and still get a correct result. Because of this, I think we should specify the reference polarity for the three voltages in the figure, and perhaps clarity in the article that they can be arbitrarily chosen. Of course, as you know, once we've arbitrarily chosen the voltage polarities, if we want to apply Ohm's law for a given resistor, the current direction for that resistor is such that the passive sign convention is satisfied in that resistor, so the current direction is not arbitrary if we already chose the voltage polarity; however I believe that should be discussed in the article on Ohm's law, not assumed here. Alej27 (talk) 09:33, 12 January 2022 (UTC)
 * KVL says that the sum of the voltage drops around a loop adds to zero. For that to work, you must assign the voltage drops as I have outlined.  That does not preclude you from assigning other voltages inside the device.  In the example, if you went around the loop clockwise, then you would assign the + sign for $$v_4$$ at the bottom of the symbol.  If the symbol was a 10 volt source, then $$v_4 = -10$$.  That is how it must work.  If you want to assign arbitrary polarities, then it is a bookkeeping problem.  For example, using primes to indicate arbitrarily assigned polarities, you could have $$v_4^' = -v_4 = 10$$. Constant314 (talk) 17:03, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

Which statement describes cybersecurity?
Which statement describes cybersecurity? 2401:4900:3133:3E98:0:57:4BCC:BD01 (talk) 14:36, 23 September 2022 (UTC)
 * You are thinking of Kerckhoffs's principle which is completely unrelated. Jonathan A Jones (talk) 16:06, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

Current law needs a sensible derivation
It is outrageous to have a law used as widely as Kirchhoff's current law presented without a derivation that applies to its actual usage. The derivation needs to apply to the modern usage of the law, which is to circuits that are NOT slow. Indeed, computer circuits operating on time scales of nanoseconds or faster are designed successfully with the circuit. Furthermore, the statement about constant charge is ridiculous: " If the net charge in a region is constant, the current law will hold on the boundaries of the region. This means that the current law relies on the fact that the net charge in the wires and components is constant." Kirchhoff's current law is used widely, indeed nearly universally to derive properties of circuits on time scales of nanoseconds. Charge is NOT constant in such systems.

In fact, Kirchhoff's current law can be derived in three ways

1) as an approximation for slow systems and long times. This approximation is seriously incorrect for modern applications that are nothing like slow.

2) as an approximation, by supplementing the original circuit with stray capacitances. The values of the stray capacitances are chosen empirically to fit with measurements from real circuits. The relation of Kirchhoff's law and the Maxwell equations is not discussed in approach and the fact that real circuits always show transients is glossed over.

This is the approach taken without ceremony by practicing engineers and it works remarkably well for circuits. This approach does not work in three dimensional systems without an obvious circuit representation like the cells and organelles of biological systems (which by the way have important electrical properties). It also has difficulties for circuits of complex geometry, as abound in computer chips, where there may be more than one scheme for supplementation.

3) by using the definition of total or true current that Maxwell used. This definition includes a time derivative term that is called displacement current. This approach works in circuits and three dimensional systems. It can be derived by mathematics, following Maxwell's approach, without approximation. It does not correspond, however, to the usual approach of engineers because time dependence is always present in this approach, as in the real world, whereas time dependence is not always present in the classical derivations and persentations of Kirchhoff's current law. Thus, this approach of Maxwell himself has not been used in the modern literature for the most part (except by Landauer). Beisenbe (talk) 15:36, 18 February 2024 (UTC)

 * @Beisenbe I don't profess to understand this topic at all, but could I invite you to add links to published sources which can be used to support the content you wish to see, and maybe even to provide the best form of words that would fill the gaps you have identified to make it more of an encyclopaedic article? Thanks, Nick Moyes (talk) 01:02, 19 February 2024 (UTC)
 * This article on Kirchhoff’s laws is an introduction to the topic. It matches the introduction typically found in textbooks for high school students of physics and college students of electrical engineering. The article does not yet claim to be a comprehensive presentation of Kirchhoff’s circuit laws at the advanced level advocated by Beisenbe. This is not surprising - the reliable published sources cited in the article do not cover the topic at the depth advocated by Beisenbe. For example, Beisenbe advocates that Wikipedia’s presentation of Kirchhoff’s laws should mesh with Maxwell’s laws; but reliable published sources introduce Kirchhoff’s circuit laws without requiring the reader to be familiar with Maxwell’s laws. In any course in physics or electrical engineering, Kirchhoff’s circuit laws are more fundamental than Maxwell’s laws.
 * Beisenbe is resorting to sensationalism to present their ideas - for example “It is outrageous...” and “Charge is NOT constant ...” Our experience tells us that Users who are able to substantially build Wikipedia content are usually positive and constructive from their first appearance; Users who are motivated by a desire to criticise the encyclopaedia and promote their own expertise usually don’t stay for long. It appears that Beisenbe wishes to display their expertise and tell us what we should be doing to build the content of the article, but I don’t sense that they are about to roll up their sleeves and start on the hard work required to build content. Dolphin ( t ) 09:16, 19 February 2024 (UTC)
 * You will need a reliable source (WP:RS) that has words that say, in effect, "the following is a derivation of KCL from Maxwell's equations." Constant314 (talk) 12:42, 19 February 2024 (UTC)

Kirchhoff Current Law needs a derivation relevant to modern, high speed applications
February 29, 2024

Concerning treatment of Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Dear Editors,

There is a serious problem with the Wikipedia Article on Kirchhoff’s Current Law (viewed February 29, 2024) that directly affects readers interested in modern circuits.

The law is not derived in a way that can be applied to modern circuits. The law is presented as an approximation for slow systems, but modern circuits are not slow.

Here is the formal argument

The current in the discussion of Kirchhoff’s law is the flux of charges with mass.

Kirchhoff’s law then says that charges do not accumulate.

However, the Maxwell Ampere law of electrodynamics says otherwise.

Take the divergence of both sides of the Maxwell Ampere Law, remember that the divergence of curl is zero (as long as the operators are defined), and see that the divergence of conduction current is NOT zero Thus, the Maxwell Ampere Law says conduction current DOES accumulate. Kirchhoff’s Current Law says conduction current does NOT accumulate. Experiments (e.g., with any circuit of 1 megohm resistors) show transients of the order of 0.1 to 1 microseconds. These transients settle down but on a time scale very much slower than those of modern circuits. Engineers deal with these contradictions by changing the circuit they are analyzing. They add supplemental elements to the circuit [1-3] creating a new supplemented circuit. They place parasitic (stray) capacitances in parallel with circuit elements. This is the approach in modern design texts [3-10].

This fix-up works remarkably well [10-13], for reasons derived in [14] but the fix-up is not complete, and in that sense, is not correct. The values of the capacitances are unspecified and the large numbers of capacitors needed in modern high speed circuits is problematic, and probably unable to deal with all the time dependence that occurs in real circuits.

Maxwell resolved this paradox by defining a true current that includes a time derivative terms, as does the right hand side of the Maxwell Ampere Law, as discussed at length [14].

Maxwell said (in slight paraphrase) that analysis must include a time derivative term. The logical implication is that analysis without the time derivative term is incorrect. Kirchhoff’s law is thus incorrect in his view.

Whatever one’s view of Maxwell’s comments, the argument in this note is based only on mathematics.

My Request:

Please correct the Wikipedia entry on the Kirchhoff current law so

a)      It includes a derivation of Kirchhoff’s law that is useful on the time scale of modern applications.

b)      The current law is not in conflict with the Maxwell Ampere Law

c)      The derivation and discussion does not confuse students who observe transients in circuits made of only resistors, when Kirchhoff’s law says there should be none.

Reference should be made to the literature with [15] and [16] and moving to the more complete review [14]. My knowledge of that literature is foreshortened by human prejudice and further references should be provided.

Ever yours,

Bob Eisenberg

References

1.           Horowitz, P. and W. Hill, The Art of Electronics. Third Edition ed. 2015: Cambridge University Press. 1224.

2.           Scherz, P. and S. Monk, Practical electronics for inventors. 2006: McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1056.

3.           Sedra, A.S., et al., Microelectronic Circuits. 2020: Oxford University Press, Incorporated.

4.           Ayers, J.E., Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design, Second Edition. 2018: CRC Press.

5.           Dobkin, B. and J. Williams, Analog circuit design volume 2: immersion in the black art of analog design. Vol. 2. 2012: Newnes.

6.           Gielen, G. and W.M. Sansen, Symbolic analysis for automated design of analog integrated circuits. Vol. 137. 2012: Springer Science & Business Media.

7.           Gray, P.R., et al., Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits. 2009: Wiley.

8.           Lienig, J. and J. Scheible, Fundamentals of layout design for electronic circuits. 2020: Springer Nature.

9.           Muller, R.S., M. Chan, and T.I. Kamins, Device Electronics For Integrated Circuits, 3rd Ed. 2003: Wiley India Pvt. Limited.

10.        Okoshi, T., Planar circuits for microwaves and lightwaves. Vol. 18. 2012: Springer Science & Business Media.

11.        Schwierz, F. and J.J. Liou, Modern microwave transistors: theory, design, and performance. 2003: Wiley-Interscience.

12.        Fukunaga, K. and S. Kurahashi. Dielectric properties of printed circuit board insulations at microwaves and millimetre waves. in ''Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, 2007. ICEAA 2007. International Conference on''. 2007. IEEE.

13.        Mei, K.K. From Kirchoff to Lorentz modifying-circuit theory for microwave and mm-wave structures. in ''Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2000. Conference Digest. 2000 25th International Conference on''. 2000. IEEE.

14.        Eisenberg, R.S., Maxwell’s True Current. Computation, 2024. 12(2): p. 22.

15.        Eisenberg, B., et al., What Current Flows Through a Resistor? arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.04814, 2018.

16.        Eisenberg, R.S., Kirchhoff's Law can be Exact. arXiv preprint available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.13574, 2019. Beisenbe (talk) 14:54, 2 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kirchhoff's circuit laws


text:
Talk:Southern Praying Mantis

2008 - April - Rewrite
I have completed a rewrite of the Southern Praying Mantis style to meet the standards of Wikipedia. More information is needed: in the Iron Ox section, in the techniques section ottawakungfu (talk) 17:58, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

Fernando Blanco's article
An interesting article is found at
 * This is Fernando Blanco's article and is been referenced within the text but this information should be used with caution. The one accessible in SATBI is an unauthorized version that contains incorrect information.  For a comment on this article from Fernando, please see his discussion on the Mantis Quaterly () ottawakungfu (talk) 17:58, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

I put this stuff in and then took it back out again because it seemed too much
When the Cheong Lai Woo shipping company brought Chung to Hong Kong to teach martial arts to its employees, he opened another branch of Kwong Sai Jook Lum Gee Tong Long Pai there, leaving the original Píngshān branch in the care of senior student Wong Yook-Gong. C. 1920, Lee Siem returned to Guangdong to assist with the construction of Chuk Lam Sim Yuen (竹林禪院; pinyin: zhú lín chán yuàn; Yale Cantonese: juk1 lam4 sim3 yun2; Hakka: zuk7 lim2 sam2 jen5), a Bamboo Forest Monastery in Tsuen Wan in the New Territories. On his way there he took a small detour to pay a visit to his student Chung. When Lee left for Tsuen Wan, he took Lum Wing-Fay with him to train, much as he had done with Chung himself. After Chuk Lam Sim Yuen was completed in 1927, the third branch of Kwong Sai Jook Lum Gee Tong Long Pai was opened in Kowloon by Lum Wing-Fay. After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Lee Siem, Chung Yu-Chang, Wong Kook-Gong, and Lum Wing-Fay all provided active support to the Chinese side, which made Hong Kong a particularly dangerous place for them once the Japanese occupation began at the end of 1941. A very old man by then, Lee Siem hid in Macao. Chung Yu-Chang and Wong Yook-Kong left Hong Kong and did what they could to continue the fight in Huìyáng. Lum Wing-Fay, the most junior of the men as well as the slightest (5'2", 120 lbs), was instructed by his elders to flee overseas so that Kwong Sai Jook Lum Gee Tong Long Pai would not die with their generation. By the end of 1942, Lum had made his way to New York City's Chinatown, where he began teaching. JFD 17:42, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Chuk Lam Sim Yuen | Hong Kong | WCities Destination Guide
 * Chuk Lam Sim Yuen (Bamboo Forest Monastery), New Territories
 * This information probably belongs to an article on Lum Sum or an article on Jook Lam rather then in this article. This article should provide a overview of the four main style. ottawakungfu (talk) 17:58, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

Black Mantis
Has anyone ever heard of 'Black Mantis' Style Kung Fu? Chunner (talk) 23:16, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Southern Praying Mantis


text: Category:High schools in Delaware

title: Category:High schools in Delaware


text:
Catherine Doherty

Catherine de Hueck Doherty (née Ekaterina Fyodorovna Kolyschkina; August 15, 1896 – December 14, 1985) was a Catholic lay apostle, social activist, a pioneer in the struggle for interracial justice, spiritual writer, lecturer, and spiritual mother to priests and laity.

She was born in Russia to wealthy parents and came to Canada after escaping the Russian Revolution.

During the Great Depression, she founded Friendship House, which served the poor in Toronto. After its closure, she opened Friendship House in Harlem, New York, in 1938, serving the needs of the black community there.

In 1947, Catherine and her second husband, Irish American journalist Eddie Doherty, moved to the village of Combermere, Ontario, where the Madonna House Apostolate, a Catholic community of laymen, laywomen, and priests, developed and flourished.

Among her more than thirty books, many of which blended a profound spirituality of East and West, was the spiritual classic Poustinia. "A woman in love with God," she strived and taught others to live the Gospel without compromise.

Doherty's cause for beatification has been introduced in 2000, granting her the title Servant of God.

Early life
Shortly before the turn of the century, Catherine was born in Nizhni Novgorod, Russia, to Theodore (Fyodor) and Emma (Thomson) Kolyschkine. Baptized in the Russian Orthodox Church, she received from her parents an upbringing permeated with the riches of Russian Orthodox spirituality as well as an openness to other religions, especially Catholicism.

Catherine spent much of her childhood in countries where her father, a successful international insurance agent, had been posted. In Egypt she attended the convent school of the Sisters of Sion, where some of the key aspects of her spirituality were formed. The family returned to St. Petersburg in 1910, and two years later, at the age of 15, Catherine married her first cousin, Baron Boris de Hueck (1889-1947).

At the outbreak of World War I, Catherine served as a nurse at the front, experiencing firsthand the horrors of war. Returning to St. Petersburg and the Russian Revolution, she escaped with her husband to Finland, where they nearly met death at the hands of Bolshevik peasants. They served with the Allied army in Murmansk, and were evacuated to England in 1919. Later that year, in London, Catherine was received into the Roman Catholic Church.

The couple immigrated to Toronto, where Catherine gave birth to a son, George. To make ends meet, she took menial jobs, was eventually hired as a lecturer on the Chatauqua circuit, and in time became an executive with the Leigh-Emmerich Lecture Bureau in New York City.

Friendship House
Newly prosperous but with her marriage in ruins, and dissatisfied with a life of material comfort, de Hueck began to feel the promptings of a deeper call through a passage that leaped to her eyes each time she opened the Bible: "Arise—go... sell all you possess... take up your cross and follow Me." In 1932, having obtained the blessing of her bishop, she gave away her possessions and went to live in the slums of Toronto. Others, attracted by her radical gospel witness, came to join her, and Friendship House was born. She begged food and clothing, organized activities for the youth, and countered Communist propaganda with the social encyclicals of the popes.

Beleaguered by misunderstandings and calumny, the Toronto Friendship House was forced to close in 1936. Two years later, with the backing of Fr. John Lafarge SJ, Catherine initiated an interracial apostolate in Harlem, New York, living with and serving the African-American population. As this work expanded to Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Portland, Oregon, Friendship House became well known in the American Catholic Church.

Personal life
Catherine's marriage to Boris de Hueck was one of suffering caused by his emotional abuse and continual, flagrant infidelities. Their union was annulled on March 18, 1943, on the grounds of consanguinity, as they were first cousins. Their son, George, became a businessman, husband, and father, and was ordained a permanent deacon in the Catholic Church. He died in 1991.

On June 25, 1943, Catherine married Eddie Doherty (1890–1975), a well-known Irish-American newspaperman and writer. They took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience in 1955, and on August 15, 1969, in Nazareth, Israel, Eddie was ordained a priest in the Melkite rite of the Catholic Church by Archbishop Joseph Raya.

Madonna House
Catherine's marriage and her broader vision of the apostolate were sources of painful disagreement between the Friendship House staff and its foundress. Catherine and Eddie withdrew to Combermere, Ontario, Canada with the intention of retiring, but once again, people came to join her. A new apostolate called Madonna House came into being. It would prove to be the most lasting and most fruitful phase of her work.

The community grew into an apostolic family of laymen, laywomen, and priests, breathing from the "two lungs," East and West, of the Catholic Church and offering a vision of the gospel lived out in everyday life. In 2022 the Madonna House Apostolate numbered over 200 members, with foundations in Canada and the United States, Europe, Russia, and the West Indies. At the training center in Combermere, guests share the life of the community, learning a Christian family spirit and to incarnate the gospel in everyday life.

Catherine de Hueck Doherty died in Combermere on December 14, 1985, at the age of 89. The cause for her canonization has been officially opened in the Catholic Church and she has been given the title Servant of God.

The Little Mandate
The core of Doherty's spirituality is summarized in a distillation of the gospel which she called "The Little Mandate"—words which she believed she received from God. It reads:

"Arise — go! Sell all you possess. Give it directly, personally to the poor. Take up My cross (their cross) and follow Me, going to the poor, being poor, being one with them, one with Me.

Little — be always little! Be simple, poor, childlike.

Preach the Gospel with your life — without compromise! Listen to the Spirit. He will lead you..

Do little things exceedingly well for love of Me.

Love... love... love, never counting the cost

Go into the marketplace and stay with Me. Pray, fast. Pray always, fast.

Be hidden. Be a light to your neighbour's feet. Go without fear into the depth of men's hearts. I shall be with you. Pray always.

I will be your rest."

The Vision of the Whole
"The vision of the whole," she wrote, "is that every task, routine or not, is of redeeming value because we are united with Christ." All life is thus related to the gospel, to "loving [one's] Beloved" through service to one's neighbor. Through doing little things with intense love, the world is restored to its creator, to God. Human existence, for her, was "a lifelong love affair with God, whereby the human creature continuously responds to this God who first loved us."

Breathing with Both Lungs of the Church
"I knew in the depths of my heart that, humble and unimportant as I was, a simple refugee from Russia, I too had a share in the healing of this [division]. How it was to be healed, I did not know, except, perhaps, by trying to live my Eastern spirituality and sharing whatever I could with my fellow Roman Catholics."

Books (partial listing)
Poustinia, Sobornost, Strannik, Urodivoi, Molchanie, Bogoroditza, Living the Gospel Without Compromise, Dearly Beloved, The People of the Towel and the Water, Soul of My Soul, My Russian Yesterdays, Fragments of My Life, Grace in Every Season, Dear Father, Dear Seminarian, Apostolic Farming, Beginning Again, Donkey Bells, Season of Mercy, On the Cross of Rejection, In the Furnace of Doubts, In the Footprints of Loneliness, God in the Nitty-Gritty Life, Light in the Darkness.

Awards

 * Cross of St. George, for bravery on the Russian Front
 * Order of St. Anna, for continuing in the line of duty under attack
 * Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice, Papal decoration medal, awarded by Pope John XXIII for "exceptional and outstanding work for the Church and for the Pope", 1960
 * Member of the Order of Canada, "for a lifetime of devoted services to the underprivileged of many nationalities, both in Canada and abroad", 1976. In July 2008, the Madonna House Apostolate returned Doherty's Order of Canada insignia to Rideau Hall as a symbolic gesture of protest over the induction of Henry Morgentaler into the order.
 * Dame of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem
 * Jules Favre Foundation Award, Académie française
 * Woman of the Year, World Union of Catholic Women's Organizations, Rome
 * International Mark Twain Society
 * Poverello Medal, Franciscan University of Steubenville

title: Catherine Doherty


text: Category:High schools in Idaho

title: Category:High schools in Idaho


text: Category:High schools in Montana

title: Category:High schools in Montana


text:
Troll (Dungeons & Dragons)

Trolls are fictional monsters in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game.

Publication history
While trolls can be found throughout folklores worldwide, the D&D troll has little in common with these. Instead it was inspired partly by Norse myth, and partly by a troll that appears in Poul Anderson's Three Hearts and Three Lions, which is especially apparent in their ability to "regenerate" (their bodies to heal wounds extremely rapidly), and their weakness to fire. They appear as tall, thin, ungainly humanoids of low intelligence, with long noses and rubbery, greenish skin. Trolls are characteristic denizens of many AD&D worlds.

Dungeons & Dragons (1974–1976)
The troll was one of the first monsters introduced in the earliest edition of the game, in the Dungeons & Dragons "white box" set (1974), where they are described as "thin and rubbery", and "loathsome" creatures which have the ability to regenerate.

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition (1977–1988)
The troll appears in the first edition Monster Manual (1977), where they are described as "horrid carnivores" that fear nothing and are able to regenerate damage taken.

Several new varieties of troll were introduced in the Fiend Folio (1981), including the giant two-headed troll, the giant troll, the ice troll, and the spirit troll. The module The Lost Caverns of Tsojcanth (1982) introduced the marine troll, also known as the "scrag", which was later reprinted in Monster Manual II (1983).

The black troll and rock troll were introduced in Dragon #141, in the "Dragon's Bestiary" column (January 1989).

Dungeons & Dragons (1977–1999)
This edition of the D&D game included its own version of the troll, in the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set (1977), and Expert Set (1981 & 1983). The troll was featured as a player character race in the gazetteer The Orcs of Thar (1989). Trolls were also later featured in the Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1991), the Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia (1991), the Classic Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1994), and the Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Game set (1999).

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition (1989–1999)
The troll appears first in the Monstrous Compendium Volume One (1989), and is reprinted in the Monstrous Manual (1993) along with several troll variants.

The Monstrous Compendium Fiend Folio Appendix (1992) reintroduced the ice troll. The snow troll first appeared in Dungeon #43 (September 1993), and was later reprinted in the Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume One (1994).

Several new types of trolls were introduced in Dragon #199's "Dragon's Bestiary" column (November 1993), including the fire troll the gray troll, the phaze troll, the stone troll, and the trollhound. The fire troll was later reintroduced in Paizo's Dragon Compendium, Volume 1 (2005).

Monstrous Compendium Annual Four (1998) included the Far Realm creature, the troll mutate.

Dungeons & Dragons 3.0 edition (2000–2002)
The troll appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2000).

The troll is further detailed in Dragon #301 (November 2002), in "The Ecology of the Troll", which also introduced the deep sea troll, the fiendish troll, the ice troll, the rock troll, and the scrag.

Savage Species (2003) presented the troll as both a race and a playable class. The Forgotten Realms product Unapproachable East (2003) introduced the fell troll, the ice troll, the mur-zhagul (or demon troll), and the slime troll.

Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition (2003–2007)
The troll appears in the revised Monster Manual for this edition (2003), which also included information on the scrag. Several new trolls were introduced in Monster Manual III (2004), including the cave troll, the crystalline troll, the forest troll, the mountain troll, and the war troll. The wasteland troll was introduced in Sandstorm: Mastering the Perils of Fire and Sand (2005), the filth-eater troll and the tunnel thug troll were introduced in Drow of the Underdark (2007), and the bladerager troll was introduced in Monster Manual V (2007).

Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition (2008–2014)
The troll appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2008), along with the war troll and fell troll.

Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (2014-present)
The troll appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2014), while the dire troll, rot troll, spirit troll and venom troll all appear in Mordenkainen's Tome of Foes.

Environment
Trolls are most often found in cold, mountainous regions, but can be encountered nearly anywhere.

Typical physical characteristics
The average troll stands nine feet high and weighs roughly 500 pounds, though females tend to be a bit larger than males. The hide of trolls is rubbery, and usually either moss green, putrid grey, or mottled gray and green. Their coarse hair is typically iron grey, or greenish-black.

Trolls initially seem to be somewhat shorter than they actually are, due to their sagging shoulders and tendency to hunch forward. They walk with an uneven gait, and their arms dangle and drag the ground when running. Despite this apparent awkwardness, trolls are quite agile.

Trolls are infamous for their regenerative abilities, able to recover from the most grievous of wounds or regenerate entire limbs given time. Severing a troll's head results merely in temporary incapacitation, rather than death. After cutting off a troll's head or other limbs, one must seal the wounds with fire or acid to prevent regeneration. Because of this, most adventurers will typically carry some sort of implement capable of creating fire.

Alignment
Trolls are usually chaotic evil.

Society
Trolls speak Giant, and usually worship Vaprak the Destroyer.

Troll variants

 * Black trolls – Also known as "demon trolls", these horned trolls reside in the Abyss and possess powerful magical abilities.
 * Blood trolls – Lawful evil red-skinned trolls who often serve devils.
 * Cave trolls – Powerful, feral trolls that often live underground.
 * Crystalline trolls – Charismatic trolls with crystalline skin.
 * Deep sea trolls – These trolls have a primal connection to water. They terrorize the oceans and coastlines.
 * Desert trolls – Chameleon-like, intelligent ambush hunters.
 * Dire trolls - Trolls turned larger by devouring other trolls and sticking their cut appendages onto themselves and having them regenerate as part of their bodies.
 * Fell trolls – Huge, two-headed trolls. In 4th edition, these simply became larger trolls.
 * Fire trolls – Immune to fire and acid.
 * Forest trolls – Includes variant "muskwarts".
 * Gray trolls – Having been nearly energy drained to death by undead creatures, these emaciated trolls forge strong ties to negative energy and have venomous spittle.
 * Ice trolls – Cold-dwelling trolls.
 * Mountain trolls – Massive trolls that prowl mountains. Includes variant Halruuan mountain trolls.
 * Mur-Zhaguls – Planetouched creatures descended from the mingling of trolls and demons.
 * Phaze trolls – Mutated by great concentrations of magic or Underdark radiations, these trolls possess some magical powers and are more intelligent than their brethren.
 * Pseudo-trolls – Trolls from the Far Realm with the pseudonatural creature template.
 * Rock trolls – Trolls with an affinity for earth, they possess natural camouflage in areas of stone. Rock trolls sometimes are found on the Elemental Plane of Earth.
 * Rot trolls - Troll infused with necrotic energy, robbing them of their regenerative powers, instead emanating degenerative auras.
 * Scrags – These are aquatic cousins of the troll.
 * Slime trolls – The bodies of these underground-dwelling trolls constantly secrete acid.
 * Spirit trolls – Spirit trolls are a crossbreed of trolls and invisible stalkers. In 5th Edition, a spirit troll is a troll blasted with psychic energie, who regenerates into a nonphysical form.
 * Stone trolls – Stone trolls have rough, somewhat rocky skin and are generally native to mountain ranges
 * Tree trolls – Small arboreal trolls created by magic gone awry.
 * Troll hunters – Ordinary, though more cunning than usual trolls who are not satisfied with merely eating civilized beings but train to hunt them relentlessly.
 * Two-headed trolls – These creatures are horrendous crossbreeds of trolls and ettins.
 * Venom trolls - Trolls mutated by massive doses of poison, allowing them to deal poison damage and even use their own poisonous blood in offensive manners.
 * War trolls – Trolls bred for war that form mercenary companies.
 * Wasteland trolls – Found in mountains and badlands of the deserts.

Related creatures

 * Thouls – Combinations of trolls, hobgoblins, and ghouls. These are usually unique to the Mystara setting.
 * Trollhounds – Wolf-like creatures that share many of the same traits as trolls, including the powerful regenerative capabilities. They often associate with trolls.
 * Gnolls – When the gnoll as a creature was still in development, it was meant to be a hybrid between a gnome and a troll (hence the name "gnoll"). The designers abandoned the hybrid idea and gave the name to a creature with a Hyena-like appearance.

Critical reception
The troll was ranked second among the ten best mid-level monsters by the authors of Dungeons & Dragons For Dummies. The authors described the troll as "a great mid-level monster that can challenge heroes for a number of levels" noting that "the troll is the players' first introduction to a regenerating monster – a creature that's almost impossible to kill unless you've got fire handy".

Game designers Paul Karczag and Lawrence Schick considered the troll one of the "five main "humanoid" races" in the AD&D game.

Role-playing game author Graeme Davis considered Dungeons & Dragons a major factor in current perceptions that "giants and trolls are regarded as very different creatures", while the names were used interchangeably in Norse mythology.

Miniatures
Trolls appear in the D&D Miniatures: Harbinger set #77 (2003).

Other publishers
The troll is fully detailed in Paizo Publishing's book Classic Monsters Revisited (2008), on pages 58–63.

title: Troll (Dungeons & Dragons)


text:
TI InterActive!

TI InterActive! is a Texas Instruments computer program which combines the functionality of all of the TI graphing calculators with extra features into a text editor which allows you to save equations, graphs, tables, spreadsheets, and text onto a document. TI InterActive! also includes a web browser, but it is just an embedded version of Internet Explorer. It also works with TI Connect to share data with the TI Graphing Calculators.

title: TI InterActive!


text:
Talk:National Fire Protection Association

Suggested article move
Is there any reason this page should not be renamed (moved) to "National Fire Protection Association" to match the name of nfpa.org? Google has many refs to "agency" but all of them I looked at are simply wrong (i.e., they also ref nfpa.org). There is no indication on nfpa.org that it has ever had a different name. Lupinelawyer 22:29, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Posted note on article. Waited over a week. No dissent, moved page, fixed referring pages. Did not search for un-wikified refs. Lupinelawyer 20:32, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

International? Really?
I dispute the fact that the NFPA is an international organisation. The only references I've ever seen to them are in relation to them being a USA only organisation. Furthermore in the UK the NFPA 704 'standard' is something I've never seen, whereas the United Nations Substance Identification codes sombined with the International ADR Kemler Code appear to be paneuropean.

 * You are right, only in the US Scott 15:17, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Not really. According to your logic, if I've never read anything in Swahili, and we don't speak Swahili here, then I can dispute that it exists anywhere else. NFPA has members in over 100 countries and offices in several countries, including France and Australia. In 2001, NFPA's V.P. of Governmental Affairs said, "Most NFPA standards are already de facto international standards." For example, 21 fire and safety codes adopted in China. Just because some countries may adopt other standards has nothing to do with NFPA being an "international" organ. 148.63.234.151 18:55, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Also, if you look at the history of the organization, you will see some of the original members were international. See http://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/HistoryNFPACodesStandards.pdf

"Despite the term "National" in NFPA sometimes seeming to imply the lack of international involvement, the first overseas members joined the Association in 1903. They were John Smith of the Sun Insurance office in London, and George Smith from an insurance office in Sydney, Australia. They were soon followed by Nicolas Sergowsky, an insurance engineer in St. Petersburg, Russia, as well as a growing list of others who were awakening to the virtues of the organization."

 * And I believe they changed their name a couple fo years ago to NFPA International. Check their web site.
 * Pzavon 03:35, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Lots of italics
While quite informative, this is more than a little bit overwhelming. It strikes me as unnecessary to put in ALL of the details of membership, unless for some reason these are not available at nfpa.org. It just makes this article a bit bulkier than it needs to be. A picture of the nfpa diamond would not be out of place, by the way.

Copyright violation
The article as it now stands is stood a few minutes ago was a clear (and long-standing!) cut'n'paste copyrigh tviolation from a nfpa.org document. Will try to revert to prior non-infringing form… DMacks (talk) 07:00, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay, I think we're clean now. DMacks (talk) 07:12, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Veeck Case
The whole section regarding "standards accepted as law" should be moved to the "Model_building_code" article, and referenced by this and other related articles. 69.19.246.184 (talk) 07:09, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

Founding member/s ?
So -- the organization was formed by a group of representatives, and yet only one person was a member? Was that a misprint, perhaps...? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.44.0.4 (talk) 22:46, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

List bloat
The "See also" section has recently been crammed with a list of red-links to non-existent articles about every NFPA standards document ever published. Is this really necessary? Why should Wikipedia undertake to duplicate content that is freely available from the nfpa.org Web site? I suggest the entire section should be deleted, since it is unnecessary bloat and adds little to understanding the prime focus of the article, the National Fire Protection Association. — QuicksilverT @ 04:34, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

Attempting to grant permission to use our copyrighted material in the page summary. Pending review by Wikipedia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.94.162.66 (talk) 20:06, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
 * As you can clearly read in the process there (as as someone who deals with formal code statements should understand), "pending" is not "accepted". And even if it were accepted, that does not make the content acceptable editorially, merely allowed by policy. You have a conflict of interest, so it's understandable that you seem to be eager to post your own company's version of material about itself and likewise that you are having difficulty seeing why we likely would not accept it. DMacks (talk) 21:16, 17 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Permission has now been received for the content at www.nfpa.org/about-nfpa (archived version) – please see above. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 13:33, 25 May 2017 (UTC)

Conflict of interest
At least one major contributor to this article appears to have a close personal or professional connection to the topic, and thus to have a conflict of interest. Conflict-of-interest editors are strongly discouraged from editing the article directly, but are always welcome to propose changes on the talk page (i.e., here). You can attract the attention of other editors by putting request edit (exactly so, with the curly parentheses) at the beginning of your request, or by clicking the link on the lowest yellow notice above. Requests that are not supported by independent reliable sources are unlikely to be accepted.

Please also note that our Terms of Use state that "you must disclose your employer, client, and affiliation with respect to any contribution for which you receive, or expect to receive, compensation." An editor who contributes as part of his or her paid employment is required to disclose that fact. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 13:29, 25 May 2017 (UTC)

"The association's codes and standards include:"
So what should dictate the standards listed here? There's a standard for almost everything. ironmatic1 4:31, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

NSPA codes and standards include much more than what is listed here, e.g. NFPA 54 - National Fuel Gas Code. Fred4570 (talk) 21:30, 12 July 2020 (UTC)

Sparky's Brain Busters
The mobile trivia game "Sparky's Brain Busters" should be included here 2603:7081:1C46:4000:2512:91AB:F4D5:3428 (talk) 01:16, 16 April 2023 (UTC)


text: Category:High schools in Utah

title: Category:High schools in Utah


text:
User talk:Garfordrj

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 22:31, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
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Image Tagging Image:Delays live warwick uni.jpg
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File source problem with File:Maxey church st peters.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Maxey church st peters.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of that website's terms of use of its content. However, if the copyright holder is a party unaffiliated from the website's publisher, that copyright should also be acknowledged.

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title: User talk:Garfordrj


text: Category:High schools in Kansas

title: Category:High schools in Kansas


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Edward Pawula

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 00:17, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Edward Pawula
vanity — J3ff 22:33, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Phils 22:59, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Vanity. Inter 23:20, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. "His favorite food are hot fudge sundaes" does not quite reach the notability threshold. - Jpo 00:40, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * He's a 17 year old whose greatest claim to notability is getting a mullet (haircut). Cut it. Samaritan 01:04, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, since hot fudge sundaes should never be conjoined with conjugation errors in vanity articles. Wyss 02:29, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. And the original author (probably him) deleted the VfD notice on this article.  (I put it back, but he'll probably delete it again.) --Idont Havaname 04:24, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 06:07, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Can't we speedily delete these things? I mean... darn. LizardWizard 06:08, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:84.66.206.23

title: User talk:84.66.206.23


text:
Program and System Information Protocol

The Program and System Information Protocol (PSIP) is the MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group, a video and audio industry group) and privately defined program-specific information originally defined by General Instrument for the DigiCipher 2 system and later extended for the ATSC digital television system for carrying metadata about each channel in the broadcast MPEG transport stream of a television station and for publishing information about television programs so that viewers can select what to watch by title and description. Its FM radio equivalent is Radio Data System (RDS).

Function
PSIP defines virtual channels and content ratings, as well as electronic program guides with titles and (optionally) descriptions to be decoded and displayed by the ATSC tuner.

PSIP can also send:
 * the exact time referenced to UTC and GPS time;
 * the short name, which some stations use to publish their callsign. A maximum of seven characters can be used in a short name.

PSIP is defined in ATSC standard A/65, the most recent revision of which is A/65:2013, published in 2013. A/69 is a recommended practice for implementing PSIP in a television station.

PSIP also supersedes the A/55 and A/56 protocol methods of delivering program guide information (which the ATSC has deleted). TV Guide On Screen is a different, proprietary system provided by datacasting on a single station, while PSIP is required, at least in the United States, to be sent by every digital television station.

PSIP information may be passed through the airchain using proprietary protocols or through use of the Programming Metadata Communication Protocol metadata scheme.

Programming Metadata Communication Protocol
PMCP, defined in the Advanced Television Systems Committee's A/76B, provides ATSC broadcasters with a standardized means to exchange system information (SI) among systems that create and manage these data elements. These systems can be outside Program listing services, program management systems, traffic (commercial and program scheduling) and broadcast automation systems, which all contribute a portion of the PSIP data to a PSIP Generator.

At the heart of PMCP is an XML Schema (actually a collection of XML Schema Definition files), which provide a standardized structure into which PSI and PSIP-related data may be exchanged. PMCP does not dictate systems' internal database structures; it is simply a platform-independent protocol for the exchange of data.

PMCP was first published as A/76 in November 2004, and enjoys adoption from a variety of broadcast equipment and system vendors. Two revisions (largely backwards-compatible) with the standard have been made. ATSC A/76a extended PMCP to include metadata necessary for proper signaling of ACAP data broadcast elements, and A/76B, was released in 2007, fixed some errors and made the schema usable with the related SMPTE S2021 (BXF) schema.

Included tables

 * System Time Table (STT)
 * Current time, transmitted at least once per second, with an accuracy of new time values within 1 second or better.

 * Master Guide Table (MGT)
 * Data pointers to other PSIP tables.

 * Terrestrial Virtual Channel Table (TVCT)
 * Defines each virtual channel and enables EITs to be associated with the channel.

 * Cable Virtual Channel Table (CVCT)
 * Assigns numbers to each virtual channel and enables EITs to be associated with the channel.

 * Rating Region Table (RRT)
 * Content ratings for each country (region) covered by the station, save the U.S., as that region is loaded into television sets already.

 * Event Information Table (EIT)
 * Titles and program guide data.

 * Extended Text Table (ETT)
 * Channel Extended Text Table (CETT)
 * Detailed descriptions of channels.
 * Event Extended Text Table (EETT)
 * Detailed descriptions of aired events.

 * Directed Channel Change Table (DCCT)
 * The DCC function lets broadcasters tell a digital television receiver where to change, based upon the viewer's settings. This is most likely to be a ZIP or other postal code, which can select demographically-based programming to show, such as television commercials or weather bulletins, possibly taken from an accompanying datacasting channel.
 * Implementation of the DCC feature is entirely optional, and depends on development of receiver and decoder technology. For example, a digital video recorder could record commercial broadcast at other times for later replay, so that many more different commercials could be shown in different parts of a large metro area than can actually be transmitted at once.

 * Directed Channel Change Selection Code Table (DCCSCT)
 * Provides for the ability to update states, counties and program genres used in DCCTs.

title: Program and System Information Protocol