text:
Winter Park Express

The Winter Park Express is a passenger train operated by Amtrak on winter weekends between Denver Union Station and Winter Park Resort, Colorado. The scenic 56 mi route uses the same line as the California Zephyr, climbing 4000 ft into the Front Range and passing through 30 tunnels—including the historic 6.2 mi Moffat Tunnel under the Continental Divide—before dropping passengers within 100 yd of Winter Park's ski lifts. Trains run on Friday, Saturday and Sunday from January to March.

The route, formerly known as the Ski Train was started by the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (better known simply as the Rio Grande) when the ski area opened in 1940. Ansco Investment Company ran the Ski Train from 1988 to March 2009, when service was canceled due to mounting costs. Amtrak revived the route in January 2017, after several sold-out special event trains in 2015 showed popular demand.

1940–1988: Rio Grande operation
The Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad started the Ski Train in 1940.

There was one trip in each direction per day, with a travel time of 2 hours and 15 minutes, assuming no delays from freight rail traffic.

In the 1960s, 22-car trains to Winter Park were regularly moving an estimated 1,800 passengers, many of them young, unsupervised and sometimes rowdy. On one trip, a youngster pulled the emergency brake on a moving train, damaging one coach's coupler and steam line. After the incident, the railroad hired three sheriff's deputies to patrol the train.

At least during the early 1970s, the train made a stop in the Rocky Flats area.

1988–2009: Ansco Investment Company operation
In 1988 the operation was sold to Ansco Investment Company, which made various needed improvements and ran the “New Ski Train” for two decades under the reporting mark SKTX.

In this era the Ski Train consisted of three locomotives pulling fourteen cars: eight coaches, three club cars, two cafe lounge cars, and one retreat car. The train accommodated 750 passengers.

On January 21, 2006, the return trip was canceled after a coal train derailment blocked the line, leaving some 700 passengers stuck in Winter Park. Buses were summoned to provide return transportation to Denver, and refunds offered to those who made alternate arrangements. Just two months later, on March 19, another freight train derailment delayed the return Ski Train for almost six hours, with the train arriving in Denver around midnight.

In 2007, a blizzard forced cancellation of service on December 29 and 30.

The Ski Train made its final run to Winter Park on March 29, 2009. It had been burdened with escalating costs such as liability insurance coverage, operational conflicts with freight traffic, and substantial uncertainties posed by the redevelopment of Denver's Union Station. Combined with the global financial crisis, it was no longer feasible to operate the Ski Train.

The equipment was sold to the Algoma Central Railway, a subsidiary of Canadian National Railway. Ironically, the Ski Train's cars had been originally built in 1968 by Hawker Siddeley for use on CN's Tempos. The F40PH locomotives and most passenger cars were refurbished and repainted to Algoma Central's livery and are now in use on the railway's Agawa Canyon tourist train.

2009: Iowa Pacific Holdings revival bid
Iowa Pacific Holdings (IPH), a holding company that owned railroad properties across North America and the United Kingdom (including San Luis & Rio Grande in southern Colorado), made a bid to revive the Ski Train using idle equipment from SL&RG's subsidiary, Rio Grande Scenic Railroad. Plans fell through due to Amtrak, who would be supplying staff, classifying the Ski Train as a commuter operation instead of an excursion train, resulting in higher liability insurance. Iowa Pacific sued Amtrak, with Amtrak agreeing to settle the matter on December 23, 2009, five days prior to the first day operations were to commence (December 27), with a payment to Iowa Pacific. Full refunds were made by IPH to customers who purchased tickets.

2015–present: Amtrak Winter Park Express
In February 2015, Amtrak, Winter Park Resort and the Union Pacific Railroad announced that a special one-day-only "Winter Park Express" train would run on Saturday, March 14, in celebration of the 75th anniversary of Winter Park. With tickets priced at $75, all 400 seats sold out within 12 hours. By popular demand, a second train was added for Sunday, March 15, and it also sold out quickly. With demonstrated enthusiasm for the excursion train, there were renewed hopes that the Ski Train would again operate seasonally from the recently redeveloped Denver Union Station public transit complex. In April, Amtrak and Winter Park officials met to begin work on a proposal to track owner Union Pacific for running at least two trips weekly between January and March 2016. Ultimately the negotiations were unable to make the service happen in 2016, but all groups continued to meet into the new year.

In August 2016, Amtrak and its partners announced regular Winter Park Express weekend service from January through March 2017. In its first full season, the Winter Park Express ran 25 trips and saw 18,000 passengers, about 30% of which were non-skiers. The train suffered one major service disruption on March 11, 2017, when a freight train derailment forced the cancellation of the Saturday run.

After a successful first season, expanded service was announced for the 2017–18 season, including first-Friday round trips and lower ticket prices for some departures. Amtrak added a Superliner Sightseer lounge and café car to the train for the 2018–19 season, featuring food and drink service along with floor-to-ceiling views. This upgrade had been the "biggest request" from riders. For the 2019–20 season, Winter Park's 80th, service was added on every Friday.

In March 2020, the Winter Park Express was suspended during a round of Amtrak service reductions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The train did not run in the 2021 season. Amtrak reported total ridership of nearly 70,000 from the train's introduction in 2017 through to the 2020 service suspension.

In November 2021, Amtrak and Winter Park Resort announced that service would return for the 2022 season. The train ran on its 2019 schedule, with Friday, Saturday, and Sunday service from mid-January through early April.

The 2023 season ran for eleven weekends starting on January 13, for 33 total round trips. The 2024 season is scheduled to run weekends from January 12 to March 31, plus two Thursdays, for a total of 40 round trips.

Future plans
In June 2021, Colorado created a district to advance Front Range Passenger Rail, a proposed train service between Pueblo, Colorado Springs, Denver, Boulder, and Fort Collins. The legislation specifically calls for interconnectivity with the Winter Park Express. Rail advocates have seen the Winter Park Express as a springboard for building interest in Front Range service.

In September 2023, local officials expressed interest in extending the Winter Park Express to Steamboat Springs to connect more ski resorts. In addition to tourist service, regular commuter rail is proposed between Winter Park, State Bridge, Bond, Yampa, Oak Creek, Steamboat Springs, Hayden, and Craig, with a spur to Yampa Valley Regional Airport. The proposal aims to capitalize on increased line capacity due to a reduction in coal and oil transport.

Route
The Winter Park Express runs from Union Station in Denver, Colorado, for 56 mi to Winter Park Resort in the town of Winter Park. There are no intermediate stops. Heading west from Denver, the train climbs 3960 ft up the Front Range via a series of 29 tunnels—the "Tunnel District"—through the Plainview, Crescent, Wondervu and Gross Reservoir areas, then generally west along South Boulder Creek through Pinecliffe, Tolland and Rollinsville to the final mountain underpass, the 6.2 mi long Moffat Tunnel under the Continental Divide. This is the highest railroad tunnel in the United States and the third-longest, after the Cascade Tunnel in Washington state and the Flathead Tunnel in Montana.

On weekdays and during the off-season, riders can still reach Winter Park via Amtrak's long-distance California Zephyr. This daily train follows the same route from Denver but does not stop directly at Winter Park Resort's platform. Instead, riders can disembark several miles down the track at Fraser–Winter Park station, where transit buses operated by the city's "The Lift" service connects to the resort. Travelers thus have two train options to travel between Denver and Winter Park on days when the Winter Park Express is running.

title: Winter Park Express


text: User talk:67.141.104.190

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:67.141.104.190


text:
Talk:Reith Lectures

This is not a "broadcast station" stub. It's hardly a stub at all, now, though it has more in common with lists than with "pure" articles. Robin Patterson 02:00, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Are transcripts of these available anywhere? Drutt 00:10, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

 * They are all available on the BBC's website. Incidentally does anyone know why there were no lectures in 1992? FC-R
 * 86.220.117.227 (talk) 17:23, 16 October 2013 (UTC)

This is an important part of the annual broadcasting on Radio Four, and surely deserves more than a mere list. I suggest it is extended and then gets called simply "Reith Lectures". ACEOREVIVED (talk) 20:35, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

The section on Reith lectures of 2010s could be up-dated if it noted that Hilary Mantel is giving the Reith lectures for 2017. Vorbee (talk) 16:50, 13 June 2017 (UTC)

See www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04rkn39.Vorbee (talk) 17:58, 13 June 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reith Lectures


text:
Talk:Sport in the United Kingdom

[Untitled]
Could American readers please note that the first two words are correct in British English and should not be changed to "Sports play". Thank you. Philip 02:04, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

should this include greyhound racing, and possibly bloodsports?

 * To be honest I'd not count either as a sport. One is just organised crulety and the other simply lottery balls on four legs (but I'd say that about horseracing too). Probably not a very NPOV justification for not including them though.....Grinner 09:40, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Not greyhound racing. It isn't a list of every minor sport that is practised in the UK, but a survey in which coverage is intended to be roughly proportionate to the signficance of the sports in the UK scene. Greyhound racing is almost invisible in the media unless you go looking for it. Horeseracing involves human athletes and is mainstream. Bloodsports aren't competitive sports like the others, and don't belong here imo. Wincoote 11:36, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Table of sports popularity is not cited - and looks very dodgy.
Interested In Association football TV viewing = 90% - unlikely. Millions have no interest. Participating	= 65.5%	- even less likely. (The FA say 20% of adults, sport England say 1.9 million)

In fact, the dept of media, culture and sport survey shows that only 6.8% of people play football. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.148.220.87 (talk) 18:39, 27 September 2016 (UTC)

So where do these numbers come from? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.148.220.87 (talk) 18:35, 27 September 2016 (UTC)

What is the correct name of the UK's Olympic team?
Is the UK's Olympic team "Great Britain" or "Great Britain and Northern Ireland"?

see Cfd discussion: Categories_for_deletion --Mais oui! 22:06, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Damon Hill
The article Damon Hill is a current Featured Article Candidate. It's not generating a great amount of discussion, so if you have an interest in UK sports biography or UK motorsport, why not comment on it's suitability?

Speedway in the United Kingdom
I'm trying to figure out where to place Speedway in this in the article, it's a professional sport with 3 British leagues and a World Cup team as well as the Grand Prix of Great Britain for individuals. But is it minor or major? What would qualify a sport as either? - Foxhill 11:51, 6 February 2007 (UTC)
 * American football, basketball and winter sports are described as 'minor' in the article. What are the criteria used to determine whether a sport is 'minor' or 'major'? - BobKilcoyne (talk) 22:13, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

Formula One Section
I know that it's recent and everyone loves him, but the F1 section is listing Brittish Racing Drivers who have won the World Championship, so Lewis Hamilton doesn't deserve a place in the section as it is: he didn't win the championship. If someone thinks he "should be noted" for coming second, it should be in a different part of the Formula One section, with other drives that won second place eg. David Coultard or Stirling Moss (a.k.a. 'The Greatest Driver never to win a Championship') etc., both of whom came close seconds multiple times and Moss recently was awarded a Medal from the FIA for outstanding contribution to F1. Otherwise, he could simply be listed as a current driver.

So I have no objection to him being listed in a different part of the section with other British drivers, who, at least I feel, are more worthy of mention then him. But he is not a World Champion yet so it's unfair to all the others to list him in there without having won it. If he wins this year then he can be added. TJ 13:37 UTC 09/06/08

Folk sports ?
Can some editors here take a look at British folk sports and see if it needs to be retained, renamed, and/or if the topic needs to be covered here ? Abecedare (talk) 02:25, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

fishing
Why is fishing not included as it is the UKs largest participation sport ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.3.252.8 (talk) 20:45, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Tables
on the page for major league sports teams in the United States and Canada, there are tables for the major league's teams and cities why is there not one for the UK?--99.101.160.159 (talk) 13:43, 20 October 2011 (UTC)

British vs. English, Scottish, Welsh, etc.
Hi. I'm an American editor cleaning up Olympic swimmer articles and adding the standardized Template:Infobox swimmer to them. For UK Olympians, they have always competed under the Great Britain umbrella; later UK swimmers who participated in the Empire or Commonwealth Games also competed for the UK constituent nations. That's easy enough to follow for purposes of medals tables, etc. My question is how do we categorize them in these three scenarios:

1. UK swimmer who competed in the Olympics as a Briton, and never competed in the Empire/Commonwealth Games?

2. UK swimmer who competed in the Olympics as a Briton, and competed in the Empire/Commonwealth Games as an English, Scottish, Welsh or Northern Irish athlete?

3. UK swimmer who never competed in the Olympics or other international competition as a Briton, but did compete in the Empire/Commonwealth Games as an English, Scottish, Welsh or Northern Irish athlete?

We have categories for British (70), English (217), Scottish (44) and Welsh (19) swimmers:. There seems to be no rhyme or reason to the break out in many instances. Guidance, please? Dirtlawyer1 (talk) 20:16, 29 December 2014 (UTC)
 * In the example swimmers case, my usual format is to categorise the person by all their relevant top level national and sub-top-level-national identities, regardless of how they have competed internationally. This logic follows the assumption that (a) categorisation by top level nationality (British here) is standard, and (b) identity does not require representation – we do not require that for Category:Chinese swimmers, nor Category:Swimmers from Liaoning. In essence, my argument is that the four constituent countries can be treated like any other geographical categorisation. I expressly oppose diffusion from, say, British-->English. A person's (sub-)nationalities do not replace their being British. All British people should be categorised as so. SFB 23:00, 29 December 2014 (UTC)
 * So, you're suggesting I add both British and English (or Scottish or Welsh) swimmer categories? FYI, there are apparently no British Olympic swimmers from Northern Ireland (or at least no one has created a category for them).  Dirtlawyer1 (talk) 23:59, 29 December 2014 (UTC)

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Popularity Table
What is the source of this data? And what are the percentages of? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.234.133.113 (talk) 01:36, 17 May 2016 (UTC)

 * At least one comment in the page history indicates that some of the values are taken from SportEngland participation data - which is clearly insufficient to cover the whole of the UK as this article should do. But some of the values are clear vandalism / spurious data. --David Edgar (talk) 11:08, 18 February 2017 (UTC)

Bowls & Wrestling
I'm suprised there isn't more sports registered on the list of sports in the UK. Despite bowls being present in the the opening paragraph to the article, there are only three other mentions on the page; and it isn't listed in the sports section at all, despite there being bowls played in most village halls (Short Mat Bowls); and bowls arenas across the United Kingdom (including long mat "lawn bowls", indoor bowls and crown green). There are so many different codes to the game, it may be easy to overlook; but the sheer amount of places that exist to play it are overwhelming. It also only has one mention of Olympic success in Curling; despite being a very successful event; and rather more popular in Scotland.

There is also zero mentions of Wrestling. That being the professional variety (With notable pro wrestlers such as British Bulldog, Dave Finlay, William Regal); or the grecko-roman style of wrestling which was common around the 1900s throughout the UK.

Just a thought. There should be a lot more sports covered in this article. Lee Vilenski(talk) 15:40, 16 October 2017 (UTC)

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Figure skating
No mention of figure skating? Despite the success of Torvill and Dean as the greatest figure skaters of all time? John Curry? Robin Cousins? Fridasharmonizer (talk) 22:34, 7 July 2019 (UTC)

Invention of tennis
The lede states that Britain invented tennis. This is misleading and should be qualified to distinguish modern lawn tennis from the original French game - where even the name and terms like ‘luv’ derive from. Would be fairer to say baseball was invented in England, even though the modern sport was redefined in the US, rather than tennis. Harsimaja (talk) 21:32, 9 August 2019 (UTC)

 * This was in the lede of the article, stunningly POV and ignorant... "The UK has given birth to a large majority of the team sports, including association football, badminton, billiards, bowls, boxing, British baseball, rounders, cricket, croquet, curling, darts, golf, fives, field hockey, netball, rugby (union and league), tennis, table tennis, snooker, Motorcycle Speedway, squash, water polo, and shinty. Moreover, the standardisation of various sports, such as in rowing, dancesports, and motorsports occurred in the United Kingdom." So, UK sports came from the UK, except for when they didn't. And team snooker, team darts, team table tennis? Misleading. - Demokra (talk) 23:41, 20 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sport in the United Kingdom


text:
Talk:Doctrine and Covenants

Fair use rationale for Image:Doctrine&Covenants.jpg
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Why LDS Church and CofC removed Lectures on Faith
In the lead paragraphs, an editor (Jgstokes) keeps providing a "reason" that the Lectures on Faith were removed from the D&C. The "reason" provided by the editor is the reason given later in the article for the LDS Church removal, but this is not necessarily the same reason it was removed by the Community of Christ. The "reason" for removal should be left to the discussions of the D&C in each individual church, not in the lead paragraph, since both the LDS Church and the Community of Christ removed the doctrine section of the D&C independently and at different times.

This article is for the D&C as published by both the LDS Church and Community of Christ (as well as other churches), which is perhaps the source of the confusion. It is not just about the LDS Church D&C. Snocrates 04:38, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

Section 103 of 1835 Edition
The article claims that two sections were removed from the LDS edition of the D&C after the 1835 edition: section 101 and 103. Though there were 103 sections in the 1835 edition, the final section was numbered 102. An error during preparation for publication resulted in two sections labeled 66. I can't find any reference to a section besides 101 that was removed in LDS editions subsequent to 1835.

 * Please re-write your edit without the LDS POV re: S.101. Remember that what is there currently was written by consensus of editors from varying backgrounds. Any changes need references. Thanks. Best, A Sniper (talk) 22:11, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

 * This section of the article is to discuss the LDS publication of the D&C. The LDS rationale for removing 101 is appropriate here. Section 101 was removed at the same time as section 132 was added because 132 superseded 101. Stating that 101 is controversial is not a neutral point of view; rather I attempt to show why it is controversial--because the church later adopted plural marriage. Also, you need to find a reference for the assertion that section 103 was removed. Only section 101 was removed. Stating otherwise is incorrect (unless you can find a reference). 66.182.78.73 (talk) 20:23, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

Section 160 (CofC)
We're missing an external link to section 160 of the Community of Christ edition. All the other sections are linked to. Does anyone know why this is or where we can get a link to section 160? I can't find one on the CofC website. Good Ol’factory (talk) 20:44, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't know why that link is missing. I looked several months ago when I noticed the same thing, but had no success digging it up. Looked again today, same result. Perhaps it is no longer consider part of the COC canon. Sorry I can't be more help.--Jgstokes-We can disagree without being disagreeable (talk) 23:12, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

FLDS & AUB?
I think it might be valuable to included what version of the D&C that is used by the FLDS and AUB. I believe the contents of both of these sects D&C is slightly different than the SLC-based church. If anyone has a source of this information, perhaps it can be added. Surv1v4l1st (talk) 00:49, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

It's late to respond, but if anyone is wondering, Fundamentalists use Utah D&C + Lectures on Faith and sometimes have their own revelations. But to my knowledge they do not print their own editions of the D&C as that would be very expensive. Apologies if it looks like I am posting original research/using talk page as a forum, but I am posting this both to pledge to find reputable sources for this subject, and to possibly arouse interest in others to look for it as well.. Unfortunately it is difficult to get non-anecdotal information on the subject as very few people go into the details of Mormon Fundamentalist theology.. but I will try. 69.120.202.15 (talk) 19:54, 18 January 2021 (UTC)

date sorting
I want to re-sort the list of Doctrines and Covenants chronologically, but it seems to sort based of the alphabetical spelling of the date. Can this be fixed??? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.162.156.99 (talk) 04:20, 8 January 2011 (UTC)

Fixed it myself. 99.162.156.99 (talk) 08:15, 8 January 2011 (UTC)

Dating of D&C 132
Goodol'Factory got in touch about the dating of the section on the replacement of Section 101 with the current Section 132, all of which I accept. Could we at least put a note in to explain that the newer section dates to before the revelation of Section 101? The current sentence is "(i)t was superseded by section 132 of the modern LDS edition, which contains a revelation received by Joseph Smith on eternal marriage and teaches the doctrine of plural marriage". The official Church explantion is "(a)lthough the revelation was recorded in 1843, it is evident from the historical records that the doctrines and principles involved in this revelation had been known by the Prophet since 1831." Could the sentence therefore be ""(i)t was superseded by section 132 of the modern LDS edition, where revelations on eternal marriage and teachings the doctrine of plural marriage, the principles of which could date to as early as 1831". 82.39.62.227 (talk) 00:13, 31 January 2013 (UTC)
 * That's fine in my opinion. I don't see the need to state how old the revelation is one way or the other, since it is a disputed fact, but the phrasing of "... could date to as early as ..." is fine with me. Good Ol’factory (talk) 01:24, 31 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Is this phrasing OK? Good Ol’factory (talk) 01:27, 31 January 2013 (UTC)

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digital exhibit on doctrine and covenants
I'm not sure if this adds much to the research on this page but there is a digital exhibit from BYU on the history of the doctrine and covenants here. The page on revisions mentions how Talmage did most of the revisions regarding punctuation, capitalization, indexing, etc. in 1921. Rachel Helps (BYU) (talk) 16:03, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Doctrine and Covenants


text:
Delbhna

The Delbna or Delbhna were a Gaelic Irish tribe in Ireland, claiming kinship with the Dál gCais, through descent from Dealbhna son of Cas. Originally one large population, they had a number of branches in Connacht, Meath, and Munster in Ireland.

Branches

 * The Delbhna Tir Dha Locha (of the Two Lakes), or Delbhna Feadha (of the Heather), were based in the area of County Galway between Lough Corrib and Lough Lurgan/Galway Bay. Their chiefs took the surname MacConraoi, or MacConroy, later Anglicized to King. The MacConraoi held Gno Mor while their cadets, O'hEanna or O'Heney, held Gno Beg, but in the annals MacConraoi is always styled Ri or Tighearna Thira Da Locha.
 * The Delbhna Cuile Fabhair once held Maigh Seóla, the area east of Lough Corrib in County Galway, until conquered by the Uí Briúin Seóla (who later became the Muintir Murchada, then the Ó Flaithbertaighs, who were in turn later driven into Connemara, where they became known as Kings of Iar Connacht). Their chiefs took the surname O'Fathairtaigh or Faherty.
 * The Delbhna Nuadat, or Delbhna Uí Maine, were lords of a large section that is now Athlone in County Roscommon, situated between the Suck and Shannon Rivers. From the early historic era they were a subject people of the Uí Maine. This place is where the Uí Maine expelled the old kings of the province. Their chiefs took the surname O'Flannagain or Flannagan.
 * The Delbhna bEthra may have once formed a single kingdom with the Delbhna Nuadat until subjugated by the Uí Maine. By the late 5th century they had fallen under the control of the Uí Néill. Their chiefs took the surname Mac Cochláin or Coughlan, and their territory was what is now Garrycastle in County Offaly, but did not include the Parish of Lusmagh, as that belonged to the MacCuolahans/Ó hUallacháins of Síol Anmchadha.
 * The Delbhna Mor were located in what is now Delvin in County Westmeath. Their chiefs took the surname O'Finnallain or Fenelon.  They lived together with one of the seven branches of the Soghain.
 * The Delbhna Bheag, or Delbhna Bec, were based in what is now Demifore in County Westmeath. Their chiefs took the surname Ua Maoilchallan, or Mulholland.
 * The Delbhna Sith Neannta ruled over the area now called Fairymount in County Roscommon. Their chiefs took the name O'Laoghog or Logue.
 * The Delbhna Teannmhagh, or Delbhna Iarthair Mhidhe, at one time controlled what is now Rathconrath in County Westmeath. Their chiefs took the surname Ua Scolaidhe or O'Scully.

According to their earliest legends, the Delbhna took their name from their ancestor Delbáeth, son of either Aengus or Ogma, a god of the Tuatha Dé Danann who succeeded The Dagda, or Eochaid Ollathair, as High King of Ireland and who for various reasons is identified as the same as Tuireann. A later story told that the Delbhna descend from Suman, son of Lugh Delbáeth, son of Cas, progenitor of the Dal gCais. A possible derivation from the name is from the Old Irish delb, "form, likeness" and nae, "people", therefore the delbnae are "the beautiful people."

title: Delbhna


text:
Slitz

Slitz was a Swedish men's magazine that was published in Stockholm, Sweden, between 1980 and 2012.

History
Slitz was initially created in 1985 when the two music magazines Schlager and Ritz merged. The magazine continued to be a music publication until 1996 when it was relaunched as a men's lifestyle magazine similar to Café. After this Slitz became a men's magazine with content similar to FHM and Maxim, featuring articles about sex, crime, cars, games, entertainment, and gadgets.

The magazine was published by MDM Media AB in Stockholm and featured some of Sweden's most prevalent glamour models. Its main competitors were the magazines Café, Moore Magazine and the Swedish edition of FHM. Slitz was also available in Finland, since a part of the population in Finland has Swedish as their native language. As of 2008, Slitz had a reader circulation of 135,000 with an issue frequency of 12 times a year. The same year its circulation was 32,600 copies.

In 2005, Slitz launched Slitz Man which focused more on style and fashion. By 2007, Slitz aimed to change the concept of the magazine due to the trend of declining sales among most men's magazines. Men's magazines such as Loaded had reported a decline in sales while the circulation of men's fashion magazines had increased. "We have noticed a change in our target audience. The Swedish boy is slowly dying. Our conclusion is that Swedish guys of today are asking for a smarter magazine and not a magazine with the degree of nudity that we have had before," said Chief Editor Niklas Natt och Dag.

In December 2012 the decision was made to discontinue the magazine. The Christmas issue of 2012 was the last issue of Slitz.

Content
The men's magazine had content similar to FHM, Stuff and Maxim. The magazine dealt with topics such as sex, crime, cars, music, movies, games, and the outdoors. The magazine featured glamour models wearing bikinis or lingerie. However, the girls in Slitz occasionally appeared topless or bottomless from only the back or side, but never with full frontal nudity.

Among some of the famous glamour model who have appeared in the magazine are Elin Grindemyr, Emma Johnson, Erika Johnson, Oksana Andersson, Natacha Peyre, Pernilla Lundberg, Hannah Graaf, Magdalena Graaf, Anine Bing, and Victoria Silvstedt. The magazine has also featured celebrities such as football star, Josefine Öqvist.

Like Playboy, Slitz had their own version of playmate of the year aptly called Miss Slitz.

Controversy
Slitz claimed to be the magazine that first found Victoria Silvstedt, who became a Playboy Playmate in December 1996 and Playmate of the Year in 1997.

In 2006, Tone Bekkestad, a Norwegian meteorologist, appeared in the magazine. As a result, she was suspended from her work as meteorologist and weather presenter for the Swedish TV channel TV4. The suspension lasted for 3 months.

Editors

 * Editor in chief and publisher: Mats Drougge

title: Slitz


text:
User talk:Mechonbarsa

Uchile photo
Please provide a source for Image:Uchile casacentral.jpg. Thanks. —Cantus… ☎   02:07, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Uchile logo.gif
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 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for each article the image is used in.
 * That every article it is used on is linked to from its description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --FairuseBot (talk) 02:24, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mechonbarsa


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Slitz

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 03:58, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Slitz
Unless more information can be added I see no point in having this on Wikipedia.bakuzjw (aka 578) 02:08, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Expand But without more info, deleteZantastik 03:11, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, platform for an external link. (This was apparently either never listed on vfd or removed out of process, so I'm bringing it to today's page for resolution.) —Korath (Talk) 00:48, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand, this magazine is very notable in the Nordic countries.   — J I P | Talk 04:53, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as there is no content. Then list on requested articles. Radiant_* 07:56, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and expand. Megan1967 08:37, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Very Strong Keep, and invite expansion. Oliver Keenan 10:44, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is a valid stub. Notable magazine. Jeltz talk  16:28, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep notable. Oliver Keenan 10:05, Apr 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Slitz


text:
Xetra (trading system)

Xetra (Market Identifier Code: XETR) is a trading venue operated by the Frankfurt Stock Exchange based in Frankfurt, Germany.

In 2015, 90 percent of all trading in shares at all German exchanges was transacted through the Xetra trading venue. With regard to DAX listings, Xetra has 60 per cent market share throughout Europe. Trading times on trading days are from 9.00 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. The prices on Xetra serve as the basis for calculating the DAX, the best-known German share index.

Over 200 trading participants from 16 European countries, plus Hong Kong and the United Arab Emirates, are connected via Xetra servers in Frankfurt am Main.

Given the high turnover (market liquidity) on the Xetra trading venue, orders for securities are executed swiftly and at prices in line with the market. Moreover, this principle is supported by Designated Sponsors who post binding purchase and selling prices (quotes) on a continuous basis and thus ensure additional liquidity and fair prices.

As all the exchange trading is transacted electronically, there can be partial execution of orders on the Xetra trading venue. However, banks and online brokers do not face additional transaction costs for same-day partial executions and therefore most of them do not bill their clients additionally for partial executions.

All listings are in euro including shares of secondary listings from issuers whose primary listing is in an other currency than the euro.

Protective mechanisms and market surveillance
With a view to improving the continuity of prices and to avoid mistrades (clearly erroneous trades), several protective mechanisms are in place for the Xetra trading venue. These include volatility interruption, market order interruption, and liquidity interruption measures. Trading on the Xetra trading venue is governed by clear rules, which apply equally for all trading participants. Independent market surveillance is made up of the Trading Surveillance Office (HÜSt), the Exchange Supervisory Authority attached to the Hessian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Transportation, and Regional Development, and the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin).

Admission of securities
The admission of securities to the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and its trading venues Xetra and Börse Frankfurt does not require separate admission. Newly listed securities at the Xetra trading venue are automatically included in Börse Frankfurt trading.

The organising companies of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange are Deutsche Börse AG and Börse Frankfurt Zertifikate AG.

Xetra is a registered trademark of Deutsche Börse AG.

Development
The Xetra trading technology was positioned as a brand product while it was still being developed. The intention was to be able to better position Xetra among trading participants and in the public eye, and to license it to other exchange operators. The trading technology of Xetra was designed and implemented on the basis of Eurex trading technology; this was undertaken on behalf of Deutsche Börse AG by Andersen Consulting (nowadays Accenture) and Deutsche Börse Systems.

Co-operation partners
Through its Deutsche Börse Cash Market business section, Deutsche Börse AG in Frankfurt/Main now operates two trading venues based on the trading technology of Xetra: Furthermore, the trading technology of Xetra has also been in use at the Vienna Stock Exchange since November 1999. In December 2010, the Vienna Stock Exchange similarly introduced Xetra at the Ljubljana Stock Exchange. The trading technology is also in operation at the Prague Stock Exchange (since November 2012), the Budapest Stock Exchange (since December 2013), the Irish Stock Exchange (since 2000), the Bulgarian Stock Exchange (since 2008), the Malta Stock Exchange (since 2012), the Cayman Islands Stock Exchange (since 2013) and the Zagreb Stock Exchange (since 2017). Eurex Bonds, the Deutsche Börse trading platform for government bonds, relies on the trading technology of Xetra. The New Generation Trading System in operation at the Shanghai Stock Exchange was also developed on the basis of the trading technology of Xetra.
 * Xetra (XETR) is the reference market for German equities and exchange traded funds. Active exchange traded funds, exchange traded commodities and exchange traded notes can also be traded.
 * Börse Frankfurt (XFRA), with the Börse Frankfurt Zertifikate AG (formerly Scoach) derivatives exchange, which migrated on 28 April 2008. The Börse Frankfurt trading venue was migrated to the trading technology of Xetra on 20 May 2011.

History
The trading technology of Xetra replaced the IBIS trading platform on 28 November 1997. Advocates cited execution prices in line with the market, low transaction costs, equality, geographical location, and the anonymity of trading partners in its favour. The main challenges discerned were to ensure system stability and availability, scalability, latency, and long-term growth in market activity.

title: Xetra (trading system)


text:
Template talk:Lit-stub

Is this appropriate to use for non-fiction books?--The Jacobin 02:13, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * As it says 'literature article', it should include non-finction books.
 * Please use nonfiction-book-stub for that. --Fadesga (talk) 13:12, 13 March 2019 (UTC)

Shouldn't there be an image beside the text? A book with a leaf would be good. 59.93.128.12 07:00, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Lit-stub


text:
User:The Jacobin

 * WikiProject Schools
 * Category:Portal templates without a parameter
 * WikiProject_Wikify
 * Merging
 * Maintenance
 * Category:Middle_schools_in_Texas
 * List of high schools in Texas
 * User:The Jacobin/School Districts By Enrollment

Texas School Districts

 * 1) Verify all districts listed in the 2013-14 Texas Public School Directory  appear in the category list
 * 2) Completed through Zephyr ISD
 * 3) Byers ISD is not on the list since that page claims it has been voted to be merged this year. Find confirmation.
 * 4) Verify all school district pages have a "District ISD" page that redirects to them
 * 5) Completed through Zephyr ISD
 * 6) Something is wrong with Marshall ISD there isn't an isd page
 * 7) Something is wrong with Pleasant Grove ISD - the disambiguation page needs to be removed or an article for a former isd needs to be written.
 * 8) Something is weird with Roscoe ISD listed as Roscoe Collegiate ISD in the directory, but only a school? Who knows.
 * 9) Texas Tech ISD is called the Texas Tech University High School in the directory.
 * 10) West Rusk ISD is called West Rusk County Consolidated ISD in the directory.
 * 11) Use the Public School Directory to cite changes to public districts
 * 12) Completed for 2013-14, what about prior directories?
 * 13) Add infobox to all districts listed in Category:School districts in Texas with (1) type=public independent school district; (2)region=esc region with cite to TPSD; (3) superintendent with cite to TPSD; (4) NCES link and data; Verify school list on district pages with the list in the Texas Public School Directory
 * 14) Starting on Page 43. Completed through Pawnee IDS (Page 48)
 * 15) Skipped McDade ISD -- The directory info doesn't line up with the district website. Something is wrong here. (Page 47)
 * 16) Add finance section, historical academic achievement section, athletics section for districts with one school, updated see also section with portalbox
 * 17) add athletic information for districts with only one high school, and (6) 2011-12 TEA academic rankings
 * 18) For districts with only one high school, redirect the hs page to the district page, add Category:High schools in Texas and Category:Schools in ___ County, Texas
 * 19) add all school districts to texas portal and schools portal
 * 20) Merge Labay Middle School to Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District
 * 21) Merge Thornton Middle School to Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District
 * 22) Merge Olle Middle School to Alief ISD
 * 23) Merge Alto Middle School to Alto ISD
 * 24) Merge Flossie Floyd Green Elementary to Allen ISD
 * 25) Merge Ford Middle School to Allen ISD
 * 26) Merge Covington Middle School to Austin ISD
 * 27) Merge Fulmore Middle School to Austin ISD
 * 28) Merge Kealing Middle School to Austin ISD
 * 29) Merge Lamar Middle School (Austin, Texas) to Austin ISD
 * 30) Merge Mendez Middle School to Austin ISD
 * 31) Merge Murchison Middle School (Austin, Texas) to Austin ISD
 * 32) Merge O. Henry Middle School to Austin ISD
 * 1) Merge O. Henry Middle School to Austin ISD

Audio wikipedia (Inactive)
If you want me to record an article for you or you have a correction on my pronounciation (particularly with names of places or people), please don't edit my list below. Instead leave me a message.

Articles
I have recorded several articles for the Spoken Wikipedia Project.

 * queued Canada
 * queued United States
 * recording good article Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia&oldid=307870445
 * post-producing good article Facebook http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Facebook&oldid=307480440
 * post-producing good article YouTube http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YouTube&oldid=307519319
 * post-producing featured article Autism http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autism&oldid=303267533
 * 2009-07-18 posted recording for featured article Plutonium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plutonium.ogg
 * 2009-07-15 posted recording for featured article Helium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Helium.ogg
 * 2009-07-13 posted recording for featured article Aggie Bonfire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aggie_bonfire.ogg

The following are good or better articles in the top 200 hits for 2009 (through July) on http://wikistics.falsikon.de/2009/wikipedia/en/: (these should be the next on the recording list)

Twitter; Mariah Carey; Harry Potter; Lost (TV series); India; Canada; Asperger syndrome; Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows; Real Madrid C.F.; Japan; Batman; Leonardo da Vinci Michael Jordan; Albert Einstein; Barack Obama; Heroes (TV series); Australia; House (TV series); X-Men Origins: Wolverine; Israel; George W. Bush; Global Warming; New York City; The Notorious B.I.G.; Metallica; Russia; The Dark Knight (film); Britney Spears; London; Charles Darwin; American Civil War; Angelina Jolie; Katy Perry; Kanye West; Manchester United F.C.; Transformers (film); Beyoncé Knowles; Earth; Dwayne Johnson; Franklin D. Roosevelt; Ronald Regan; Michael Jackson

Guidelines

 * 1) I don't speak out "scare quotes," though I do say "quote" and "unquote" at the beginning and end of longer quotes.
 * 2) I don't speak out punctuation during bits of quoted dialogue if it is clear to the listener when the quote starts and ends.
 * 3) I am not particularly careful to read word for word.  Even in featured articles, there are sentences that have been mangled by the addition of one parenthetical statement too many.  If I need to gloss a sentence so it reads more fluidly, I do so without making the change in the text.
 * 4) In general, I don't read figure captions, nor do I read infoboxen.
 * 5) I ignore all footnotes, though I do read "citation needed" notes as they appear.

Useful links

 * Virtual classroom
 * Markup cheatsheet
 * Give out barnstars

Personal working pages

 * Texas history
 * Baseball
 * Personal sandbox

title: User:The Jacobin


text:
Talk:Shane Cooper (artist)

Untitled
This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Shane Cooper. The consensus was to keep it. dbenbenn | talk 02:16, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 2 external links on Shane Cooper (artist). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121124084546/http://www.experimenta.org/hot/index.html to http://www.experimenta.org/hot/index.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130516152620/http://www02.zkm.de/youser/ to http://www.zkm.de/youser/
 * Added tag to http://www02.zkm.de/youser/index.php?id=69&option=com_content&task=view

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title: Talk:Shane Cooper (artist)


text:
Nevada Central Railroad

The Nevada Central Railroad was a narrow gauge railroad completed in 1880 between Battle Mountain and Austin, Nevada. The railroad was constructed to connect Austin, the center of a rich silver mining area, with the Southern Pacific transcontinental railroad, at Battle Mountain.

However, by the time that the line was finished, the boom was almost over. Major silver production ended by 1887, although there was a slight revival later.

History
Austin was founded in 1862, as part of a silver rush reputedly triggered by a Pony Express rider, William Talcott whose horse kicked over a rock. By summer 1863, Austin and the surrounding Reese River Mining District had a population of over 10,000, and it became the county seat of Lander County. In 1871 the Manhattan Silver Mining Company had consolidated most of the claims. The company grew to have a lot of influence in the area and its secretary M..J. Farrell was the state senator for Lander County. Farrell set out to fix the lack of a railroad with a controversial project, approved only after a bitter debate in the 1874 legislature, overriding the Governor's veto. The legislature authorized Lander County in 1875 to grant a $200,000 of its bonds as a subsidy to build a railroad, a time limit of five years was set to finish the project.

The Nevada Central Railroad (NCRR) wasn't started until 4 ½ years later, Anson Phelps Stokes the grandson of the founder of the Phelps Dodge Corporation and a partner in the mining company came to town. With Stokes involved he brought in General James H. Ledlie, a former Union officer in the Civil War. The crews went to work desperately, only to bring the line within 2 mi of the Austin town limits with less than a day left before the deadline. An emergency meeting of the Austin Town Board extended the town limits by two miles and the last rails were laid just minutes before the deadline. The line from Battle Mountain to Austin was 92 mi. Nevada Central was only profitable as long as the mines at Austin were operating at full capacity.

Stokes' son, James Graham Phelps Stokes, was president of the NCRR from 1898 to 1938. By the middle 1930s most of the mines that generated traffic at Battle Mountain were shut down and boarded up and the NCRR had passed into receivership for the last time in 1938.

Remaining equipment

 * The Emma Nevada once named "Sidney Dillon" numbered 2 is an 1881 Baldwin Locomotive Works "Mogul"  narrow gauge steam locomotive purchased by Disney animator Ward Kimball and his wife Betty for their backyard "Grizzly Flats Railroad" in 1938. Originally built for the short line Nevada Central Railroad connecting Battle Mountain with Austin, the beautifully restored locomotive features Kimball's own artwork on the cab and headlight and was finally fired up in 1942. Complaints of Kimball's neighbors because of the coal smoke forced Kimball to sideline the locomotive in 1951 and operated his railroad with a small  locomotive. Kimball, one of the Orange Empire Railway Museum's founders, donated the locomotive to the museum and it can be seen today in the museum's "Grizzly Flats" car barn.

title: Nevada Central Railroad


text:
Erlking

In European folklore and myth, the Erlking is a sinister elf who lingers in the woods. He stalks children who stay in the woods for too long, and kills them by a single touch.

The name "Erlking" (Erlkönig) is a name used in German Romanticism for the figure of a spirit or "king of the fairies". It is usually assumed that the name is a derivation from the ellekonge (older elverkonge, i.e. "Elf-king") in Danish folklore. The name is first used by Johann Gottfried Herder in his ballad "Erlkönigs Tochter" (1778), an adaptation of the Danish Hr. Oluf han rider (1739), and was taken up by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in his poem "Erlkönig" (1782), which was set to music by Schubert, among others. Goethe added a new meaning, as "Erl" does not mean "elf", but "black alder" – the poem about the Erlenkönig is set in the area of an alder quarry in the Saale valley in Thuringia. In English translations of Goethe's poem, the name is sometimes rendered as Erl-king.

Origin
According to early linguist Jacob Grimm, the term originates with a Scandinavian (Danish) word, ellekonge "king of the elves", or for a female spirit elverkongens datter "the elven king's daughter", who is responsible for ensnaring human beings to satisfy her desire, jealousy or lust for revenge. The New Oxford American Dictionary follows this explanation, describing the Erlking as "a bearded giant or goblin who lures little children to the land of death", mistranslated by Herder as Erlkönig in the late 18th century from ellerkonge. The correct German word would have been Elbkönig or Elbenkönig, afterwards used under the modified form of Elfenkönig by Christoph Martin Wieland in his 1780 poem Oberon.

Alternative suggestions have also been made; in 1836, Halling suggested a connection with a Turkic and Mongolian god of death or psychopomp, known as Erlik Khan.

The Erlking's Daughter
Johann Gottfried von Herder introduced this character into German literature in "Erlkönigs Tochter", a ballad published in his 1778 volume Stimmen der Völker in Liedern. It was based on the Danish folk ballad "Hr. Oluf han rider" "Sir Oluf he rides" published in the 1739 Danske Kæmpeviser. Herder undertook a free translation where he translated the Danish elvermø ("elf maid") as Erlkönigs Tochter; according to Danish legend old burial mounds are the residence of the elverkonge, dialectically elle(r)konge, the latter has later been misunderstood in Denmark by some antiquarians as "alder king", cf Danish elletræ "alder tree". It has generally been assumed that the mistranslation was the result of error, but it has also been suggested (Herder does actually also refer to elves in his translation) that he was imaginatively trying to identify the malevolent sprite of the original tale with a woodland old man (hence the alder king).

The story portrays Sir Oluf riding to his marriage but being entranced by the music of the elves. An elf maiden, in Herder's translation the Elverkonge's daughter, appears and invites him to dance with her. He refuses and spurns her offers of gifts and gold. Angered, she strikes him and sends him on his way, deathly pale. The following morning, on the day of his wedding, his bride finds him lying dead under his scarlet cloak.

Goethe's Erlkönig
Although inspired by Herder's ballad, Goethe departed significantly from both Herder's rendering of the Erlking and the Scandinavian original. The antagonist in Goethe's "Der Erlkönig" is the Erlking himself rather than his daughter. The Erlkönig appears to a young boy in a feverish delirium – his father, however, identifies the apparition as a simple streak of fog. Goethe's Erlking differs in other ways as well: his version preys on children, rather than adults of the opposite sex, and the Erlking's motives are never made clear. Goethe's Erlking is much more akin to the Germanic portrayal of elves and valkyries – a force of death rather than simply a magical spirit.

Reception in English literature
In Angela Carter's short story "The Erl-King", contained within the 1979 collection The Bloody Chamber, the female protagonist encounters a male forest spirit. Though she becomes aware of his malicious intentions, she is torn between her desire for him and her desire for freedom. In the end, she forms a plan to kill him in order to escape his power.

Charles Kinbote, the narrator of Vladimir Nabokov's 1962 novel, Pale Fire, alludes to "alderkings". One allusion is in his commentary to line 275 of fellow character John Shade's eponymous poem. In the case of this commentary, the word invokes homosexual ancestors of the last king of Zembla, Kinbote's ostensible homeland. The novel contains at least one other reference by Kinbote to alderkings.

In Jim Butcher's The Dresden Files, there is a character called the Erlking, modeled after the leader of the Wild Hunt, Herne the Hunter.

In the author John Connolly's short story collection Nocturnes (2004), there is a character known as the Erlking who attempts to abduct the protagonist.

J.K. Rowling's Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them lists a creature named an Erkling, very similar to the Erlking, as one of the many that inhabit the Wizarding World. Erklings are also present in the videogame Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, set in the same universe.

The New Yorker's "20 Under 40" issue of July 5, 2010 included the short story "The Erlking" by Sarah Shun-lien Bynum.

A version of the Erl-King is mentioned in Zoe Gilbert's Mischief Acts, implied to be a figure related to Herne the Hunter.

In Andrzej Sapkowski's The Witcher saga, the highest leader of the Folk of the Alder elves, Auberon Muircetach, is also known as the Alder King. In the story, he maintains thematic ties to kidnapping: the Wild Hunt, known for abducting humans, is subordinate to him, and he orchestrates the imprisonment of Cirilla.

title: Erlking


text:
W (duo)

W was a Japanese duo formed in 2004 by Up-Front Promotion and associated with Hello! Project. The members consisted of Nozomi Tsuji and Ai Kago, former 4th generation members of the idol girl group Morning Musume. Tsuji and Kago had previously achieved fame through being in the group and the sub-group Mini-Moni.

W's formation was announced at the same time as Tsuji and Kago's planned departure from Morning Musume. Prior to their official departure, they debuted with several cover versions of kayōkyoku songs, including their debut single, "Koi no Vacance" (2004) and their first album, Duo U&U (2004). After leaving Morning Musume, W released their first original song, "Aa Ii na!" (2004), followed by "Robo Kiss" (2004). In 2005, W starred in their first musical, Mysterious Girl Detectives Cara & Mel: The Case of the Stolen Dangerous Violin (2005). They reprised the roles of their characters with the release of "Miss Love Tantei" (2005).

In 2006, W's activities were halted after Kago was suspended for underage smoking. W was scheduled to make a comeback in 2007, but after media reports of Kago dating and smoking again surfaced, her contracted was terminated and Up-Front Promotion announced that W had disbanded.

In 2019, W briefly reunited to make a concert appearance celebrating Hello! Project's 20th anniversary, and their previously cancelled releases, "Dō ni mo Tomaranai" (2019) and W3: Faithful, were released in the same year.

2004: Formation and debut
In 2004, W's formation was announced not long after Nozomi Tsuji and Ai Kago's graduations from Morning Musume. Tsuji and Kago had previously worked together in one of Morning Musume's sub-units, Mini Moni, as a side project. Both members had been known as the "Twins" and had been some of Morning Musume's most popular members since joining the group at age 12. Tsunku, Hello! Project's producer, had selected the name "W" because the origin of the name meant "two Us" and "gave off the feeling of two You's", symbolizing Tsuji and Kago's dual nature.

W released their debut three-song EP, Koi no Vacance, the title track being a cover version of The Peanuts' 1960 song. The EP was followed a few weeks later by their debut album as W, Duo U&U, which contained covers of other Shōwa period female duo songs exclusively. One of the other groups covered by W on the first album was Pink Lady. Pink Lady were invited to perform with W on Japanese television as a one-time four-piece ensemble.

Kago and Tsuji performed their graduation concert (final performance as members of Morning Musume) in August 2004; a week later, their second single "Aa Ii na!" was released. Not only was it the duo's first release since they departed Morning Musume, it was also the first W single to feature an original composition by Hello! Project founder and producer Tsunku. A third single of original material, "Robo Kiss", followed three months later.

In December 2004, W joined their fellow Hello! Project members on the 2004 shuffle unit single "All for One and One for All", credited to the H.P. All Stars. W also began joining Morning Musume onstage at concerts during this period to perform Kago and Tsuji's final Morning Musume single, "Joshi Kashimashi Monogatari" together with their former bandmates.

2005: Rise to popularity
W's second album, 2005's 2nd W, released in March 2005, contained Shōwa period J-pop cover songs as well as original songs. Afterwards, they released "Ai no Imi o Oshiete!"

In the spring of 2005, W starred in their first stage musical, Cara & Mel: the Case of the Stolen Dangerous Violin, at Yokohama Blitz in Yokohama and Ikebukuro Sun Shine Theater in Ikebukuro, Tokyo, from March 18, 2005 to April 10, 2005. In September 2005 the duo released their 6th single "Miss Love Tantei". The video, which features Kago and Tsuji playing multiple roles, including a reprisal of their stage musical roles of Cara and Mel. In addition to their musical career, W continued to appear on Hello! Project's weekly TV show Hello! Morning, often in tandem with Morning Musume.

2006-2007: Hiatus and disbandment
On January 11, 2006, the release of a new single, "Dō ni mo Tomaranai" on February 22, followed by their third full-length album, W3: Faithful on March 15, was announced. However, they were pushed back after photographs of Kago smoking underage were published in Friday in February 2006. Hello! Project issued a press statement saying that Kago and W's activities had been suspended indefinitely. Kago was put under house arrest for a year and was not allowed to contact Tsuji.

In January 2007, Kago returned to Tokyo and did assorted clerical work at her agency's office while the company was making preparations for her comeback. Not long after, photographs of Kago smoking underage for a third time, as well as going on a "dirty weekend trip" to an onsen with a 37-year-old man, began circulating in the media, completely tarnishing her reputation. Kago was dismissed from the company, and W disbanded as a result.

Post-W activities
Kago posted on her blog in 2014 that she and Tsuji were in contact again. In 2018, Tsuji and Kago were invited as guests at Hello! Project's 20th anniversary summer concert, leading to both their names trending on Twitter; they were scheduled to perform together, but Tsuji dropped out from maternity leave. In 2019, they were announced as performing guests at Hello! Project's spring concert and were releasing their previously cancelled works, "Do ni mo Tomaranai" and W3: Faithful, on March 30 as digital releases; "Do ni mo Tomaranai" would be bundled as a double A-side single with "Choi Waru Devil." At Hello! Project's spring concert, the two performed together in front of a crowd of 5,000 people for the first time in 13 years.

Headlining

 * 2004 Summer First Concert Tour ~ W Standby! W & Berryz Kobo (2004)
 * 2005 Summer W & Berryz Kobo Concert Tour: High Score! (2005)

Concert participation

 * Morning Musume Concert Tour 2004 Spring: The Best of Japan (2004)
 * Hello! Project 2004 Summer: Natsu no Dōn! (2004)
 * Hello! Project 2005 Winter: All Stars Dai Ranbu: A Happy New Power! Kei Yasuda Graduation Special (2005)
 * Hello! Pro Party! 2005: Aya Matsuura Captain Kōen (2005)
 * Hello! Project 20th Anniversary!! Hello! Project Hina Fes 2019 (2019)

Publications

 * 20 January 2005 – 50W
 * U+U=W Essaybook

title: W (duo)


text:
Talk:Battle of Tippecanoe

WP:URFA/2020
I have cleaned up a considerable mess of MOS:SANDWICH. might you have a look at this older FA in terms of WP:URFA/2020? Sandy Georgia (Talk)  16:30, 29 November 2020 (UTC)
 * I see some uncited text and a bunch of uncited notes. I think my War of 1812 books touch on this at least slightly, do I'll see what I can clean up after I get off work. If I can't, I'll see if another MILHIST editor can.  This should be fixable without FAR. Hog Farm Bacon 21:08, 29 November 2020 (UTC)
 * After reading some of the old talk page comments, this might need spot checks. I'll try to dig out my copy of Langguth for verification. Hog Farm Bacon 21:10, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Spot checks
 * "a second charge by the dragoons forced the Indians to flee" - Langguth only mentions one charge by the dragoons, possible WP:OR or WP:SYNTH comparing to other sources?
 * "The battle lasted about two hours and Harrison lost 62 men, with 37 killed in action and 25 mortally wounded; about 126 were less seriously hurt" - Don't know what Owens says, but Langguth says as least 62 dead, and 120 wounded, with no mention of two hours.
 * "The Yellow Jackets suffered the highest casualties of the battle, with 30-percent of their numbers killed or wounded. The number of Indian casualties is still the subject of debate, but it was certainly lower than that of the American forces. Historians estimate that as many as 50 were killed and about 70 to 80 were wounded." - Don't have Funk or Owens. Langguth doesn't mention any debate more than 50 slain, agrees with 70 to 80 wounded.
 * "Fearing Tecumseh's imminent return with reinforcements, Harrison ordered his men to fortify their camp with works for the rest of the day. As the sentries moved back out, they discovered and scalped the bodies of 36 warriors" - Langguth does not support the fortification after the battle part. Does mention scalping 36 dead warriors.
 * "The following day, November 8, Harrison sent a small group of men to inspect the Shawnee town and found it was deserted except for one elderly woman too sick to flee. The remainder of the defeated Natives had evacuated the village during the night. Harrison ordered his troops to spare the woman, but to burn down Prophetstown and destroy the Native Americans' cooking implements, without which the confederacy would be hard pressed to survive the winter. Everything of value was confiscated, including 5,000 bushels of corn and beans stored for winter" - Langguth does not say this was on November 8th. The relevant sentence is When they reached Prophetstown, they spared the life of one old woman who had been too sick to flee with the rest.  So that only that one woman was there is only implied.  The order to spare her is not attributed to Harrison.  Cooking implements are not mentioned.  Langguth says that the 5,000 bushels of corn and beans were burned, not confiscated.
 * "It is implied that Harrison feared the Native Americans would dig up his dead soldiers to avenge his men having desecrated the Prophetstown graveyard. (See: Cave, p. 122 and Langguth, p. 169)" - Don't know what Cave says, but not in Langguth that I can find. Langguth doesn't mention the burial of the American dead.
 * "Tecumseh's warriors made up nearly half of the British forces that captured Detroit from the United States in the War of 1812, and it was not until Tecumseh's death at the 1813 Battle of the Thames that his confederacy ceased to threaten the Americans" - This is cited to Langguth p. 214. I appear to have the same edition of Langguth as the article writer did, as it's also the 2006 edition at the p. 169 stuff matches up okay.  p. 214 contains none of this information and is about the Battle of Queenston Heights.
 * "The remaining Yellow Jacket officers were Lieutenants Nuge and Klaus, but they were also shot and killed and the Yellow Jackets began to fall back from the main line, retreating with the sentinels. The Indians followed the retreating unit and entered the camp, but Colonel Bartholomew requested a detachment of 25 regular troops and led a bayonet charge which repulsed them. During that charge, Bartholomew was shot through the lower arm, breaking both bones, but he was still clutching his sword when he was treated hours later. He was later promoted to brigadier general in recognition of his leadership during the battle.[note 3] The soldiers regrouped under the command of ensign John Tipton with the help of two reserve companies under the command of Captain Robb, and they sealed the breach in the line" - Cited to Owens, Funk, and Langguth. None of this is in Langguth.
 * " The Yellow Jacket company was posted on the southern end of the camp perimeter, with Captain Spier Spencer in command, and the rest of the militia established a rectangular formation along the edges of the bluff surrounding the camp. Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Bartholomew commanded the Indiana militia units guarding the steep bluff on the eastern side of the formation, and the regulars and dragoons were kept in reserve behind the main line, commanded by Major Floyd, Maj. Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, and former congressman Capt. Benjamin Parke" - Cited to Langguth and Owens, can't find any of this in Langguth.
 * "Most of the militia regiments had formed by mid-September and Harrison had returned, accompanied by a small force of army regulars, and he took command. He had already communicated with his superiors in Washington, D.C., and he was authorized to march against the confederacy in a show of force in the hopes that its members would accept peace" - Cited to Langguth p. 168 and Owens. Langguth p. 167 says that the secretary of war authorized him to make peace, but none of the rest of it is there.
 * "In August 1811, Tecumseh again met with Harrison at Vincennes, Indiana, and he assured Harrison that the Shawnee brothers meant to remain at peace with the United States" - Langguth mentions an August 1810 meeting between the two at Vincennes, and another one at an unspecified place and month in 1811.
 * "Tecumseh then traveled to the Southeast on a mission to recruit allies among the "Five Civilized Tribes". Most of the southern tribes rejected his appeals, but a faction of the Creek people answered his call to arms and became known as the Red Sticks. They led the Creek War, an internal war among factions that were divided over adoption of some American ways. This became a part of the War of 1812, as the Red Sticks opposed the United States" - Cited to Langguth and Owens. Can't really tell what exactly in this Langguth is suppose to support, as the Creek's aren't mention, and Tecumseh's 1811 trip that's mentioned is to Illinois Territory and Michigan Territory, neither of which were in the southeast.
 * "Harrison left the territory for business in Kentucky shortly after the meeting with Tecumseh, and secretary John Gibson was acting governor. Gibson had lived among the Miami tribe for many years and quickly learned of Tecumseh's plans for war. He immediately called out the territory's militia and sent emergency letters calling for the return of Harrison" Harrison going to Kentucky doesn't seem to be mentioned. Gibson is not mentioned at all.
 * "William Henry Harrison was appointed governor of the newly formed Indiana Territory in 1800, and he sought to secure title to the area for settlement. In particular, he hoped that the Indiana Territory would attract enough settlers to qualify for statehood. He negotiated numerous land cession treaties with American Indians, including the Treaty of Fort Wayne on September 30, 1809 in which Miami, Pottawatomie, Lenape, and other tribal leaders sold 3,000,000 acres (approximately 12,000 km2) to the United States." - Cited to Langguth and Owens. Don't know what Owens says.  Langguth says Harrison served one term as a representative from Ohio Territory starting in 1799 before coming Indiana Territory governor, doesn't give an exact year.  Mentions the 3,000,000 acre land sale, but only attributes it to Harrison and the Miami; doesn't specifically identify it with the Treaty of Fort Wayne.  Doesn't mention the enough settlers bit.
 * "Tenskwatawa was known as the Prophet and had been leading a religious movement among the northwestern tribes, calling for a return to the ancestral ways. His brother Tecumseh was outraged by the Treaty of Fort Wayne, and he revived an idea advocated previously by Shawnee leader Blue Jacket and Mohawk leader Joseph Brant, which stated that Indian land was owned in common by all tribes, and land could not be sold without agreement by all the tribes" - Bit about the Prophet is okay. However, Brant and Blue Jacket are not associated by Langguth with Tecumseh's common ownership of land idea.  In fact, a land sale to the US government opposed by Tecumseh is attributed to Blue Jacket.  Don't know what Owens says.

- I have serious source-text integrity concerns based on this check of Langguth. We need to find someone who can access the other sources, particularly Owens, Funk, and Cave, because I have real concerns here. Hog Farm Bacon 06:12, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Wow, thanks for the in-depth look. is the best person I can think of to have a look here, but he is semi-active lately; hopefully he will log on and see this.  Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  07:08, 30 November 2020 (UTC)
 * - Do you think we ought to update this to a notice? Looking at the references, if we find someone with an Internet Archive login, they could check the Prophets of the Great Spirit source.  But I wouldn't be surprised if there's errors there too, especially judging by all the old talk page messages on this page about refernece errors. Hog Farm Bacon 18:03, 18 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I think that a three-week to one-month period of no engagement is probably adequate to update to "Noticed"; I will go do that now. (I was holding out hope that CJLippert would pop in.) Best, Sandy Georgia (Talk)  18:09, 18 December 2020 (UTC)

Back in 2012, I noted above that this article was dubiously footnoted using false citations to weak sources. Looks like you're repeating that process. My bad, I should have done something else back then to save you some time. This article should have never been promoted to Featured because the "research" behind the footnotes was only simulated, not genuine. Can we save future effort by just demoting it? I'm no longer familiar with the process. Best wishes. —Kevin Myers 16:37, 21 December 2020 (UTC)
 * , we are each restricted to one nomination at WP:FAR per week, and Hog Farm and I are at that limit. Hog Farm raised concerns here on 30 November; per the wait period, you should be able to initiate a FAR, but you will need to follow the instructions at FAR-- let me know if you need help.  Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  16:43, 21 December 2020 (UTC)

I think most of what you are looking for is in Funk. I do have access to Funk, I would encourage you get that book, as it will address most of your concerns. Good luck! As to the quality of Funk as a source, I cannot speak. At the time I wrote the article I thought it was a reliable source. I would support rewriting the article with a better source than Funk. There are not a tremendous amount of sources available on this battle in great detail though. Funk was the most detailed I have had access to. It has been so long since I worked on this article, I have to confess I am not fresh on the sources. I am confident though that you will find support the content of the article in the sources. I think perhaps the issue is that Funk may not be a quality source. If you can suggest a way, I could scan the pages from Funk and share them with you for your review. I don't have time to dedicate to that myself though. —Charles Edward (Talk 17:34, 21 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I've got access to a couple other sources that give some info about the subject: Amateurs, to Arms by John Elting, and I think The War of 1812 by Donald R. Hickey includes some stuff. Rewriting this one may be a project of mine eventually. Hog Farm Bacon 17:53, 21 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Those sources won't get you very far, since they're tertiary and barely mention this battle. If you get serious about it, these are the ones you'd need: Jortner, The gods of Prophetstown: the Battle of Tippecanoe and the holy war for the American frontier, Edmunds's The Shawnee Prophet, Sugden's Tecumseh, Owens's Mr. Jefferson's Hammer, probably Winkler's Tippecanoe 1811. You could make a Featured article using those. Best wishes. Kevin1776 (talk) 18:24, 21 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Out of my realm, then, most likely. My area of expertise is American Civil War.  Battle of Caulk's Field is my only real significant effort from this time period. Hog Farm Bacon 18:49, 21 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Understandable. I'd love to do it as well but time is too damn limited. Kevin1776 (talk) 18:56, 21 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I might have some time to work on this a bit, I still own a few of the sources. The reason I liked Funk is because it was wrote by a local historian who was primarily writing about the Yellow Jackets (Indiana). He had access to their firsthand accounts of the battle and was related some of their stories. —Charles Edward (Talk 15:30, 20 July 2021 (UTC)

Indiana counties named for American participants killed in battle
This article states: "A number of counties in Indiana were named for American soldiers killed in the battle: Bartholomew, Daveiss, Spencer, Tipton and Warrick." Actually, a quick check finds that Daveiss, Owen, Spencer, Warrick, and White Counties are named for personnel killed during the battle. Bartholomew, Dubois, Harrison, and Tipton counties are named for individuals who were in the battle but not killed nor even necessarily wounded. Col. Bartholomew was indeed wounded during the battle, but survived and later fought in the War of 1812, reaching the rank of Major General before ultimately dying in 1840. However, there is no evidence that Harrison, Tipton, or Dubois were even wounded. Of course, Harrison was more than just the commander at this battle, being the first territorial governor, a general during the War of 1812, and ultimately elected President of the United States - so not sure Harrison County was named for him solely for his role in this engagement. The same is true for John Tipton who was also important for other roles in Indiana history. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:801:4280:A710:0:0:0:B25 (talk) 19:35, 20 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes that's a good catch; I've reworded. Victoria (tk) 23:52, 20 December 2021 (UTC)

Tippecanoe and Tyler Too
This article states: "he used the slogan 'Tippecanoe and Tyler Too' to remind people of his heroism during the battle." While possible, doubt that Harrison came up with or even personally used this slogan as this statement infers, suspect it would be more accurate to say the Whig party or Harrison supporters used it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:801:4280:A710:0:0:0:B25 (talk) 20:30, 20 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Anther good point; thanks for posting it. I've reworded accordingly. Victoria (tk) 00:33, 21 December 2021 (UTC)

Native Americans?
Would it be more correct to refer to “the Shawnee”, or even the equivalent in their language, rather than use a modern artificial name? Weren’t Americans the enemy? So would they have consider themselves to be native Americans? There don’t seem any Shawnee sources in the article to check. Humphrey Tribble (talk) 04:07, 19 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Do we have a source for the composition of Prophetstown? I was under the impression that there were far more than Shawnee who resided there.  The article Tecumseh's confederacy says that Tecumseh was popular among many different nations, but that doesn't mean that they all had people who moved to Prophetstown. Canute (talk) 16:20, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
 * You are correct. The peoples represented probably varied, depending on whether we consider the Confederacy, Prophetstown, or those actually involved in the battle. For example, I think there were Miamis in the battle, but they weren’t part of the Tecumseh’s Confederacy. Then there is the problem of endonyms and exonyms, plus transliterations etc. Indigenous seems to be the term accepted worldwide now, so perhaps Native Americans could be replaced with “indigenous peoples” and “indigenous warriors”. It doesn’t seem to be covered in the manual style; it should be.
 * As an aside, the article Order of Battle seems unbalanced to the point of insult. But I don’t have a solution. Humphrey Tribble (talk) 22:10, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Is there anything wrong with simply referring to them as Tecumseh's Confederacy, or the confederation? It's more of a political designation, rather than a racial one.  Your original point is a good one; there were Native Americans who supported the United States, and we don't refer to the United States as the White Americans.
 * I've honestly never seen Tippecanoe order of battle until you mentioned it. I don't know how to fix it, either, unless we can find a good article about the peoples who were present.  It's a difficulty we have with many articles like this one, unfortunately. Canute (talk) 19:56, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
 * There were various tribes involved if I remember correctly off the top of my head but I don't have the sources available at the moment. When I get a chance I'll revisit them. For now I've reworded here. RE Tippecanoe order of battle, not sure why we need that article. It might be a good idea to turn it into a redirect to here, but someone should raise it on talk there first. It only has two sources, one of which is very dated. Victoria (tk) 20:09, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I have raised it. Humphrey Tribble (talk) 00:27, 23 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I added some additional info in the prelude section. Does that help? Canute (talk) 18:20, 25 September 2023 (UTC)

proposed deletion of order of battle article
I have suggested deletion on the talk page of the article “order of battle for Tippecanoe”. There is a document on the Internet archive containing all the information for those that want it. So it just needs to be mentioned explicitly in the article Battle of Tippecanoe: https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA350167/page/n135/mode/1up I can start the ball rolling but can’t take it any further. Thank you, editors, for your understanding of the issues. Humphrey Tribble (talk) 00:26, 23 September 2023 (UTC)

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