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Talk:Pi (disambiguation)

-- Since the mathematical pi is the best known, surely it should be second on the list, under the letter?

Is there some reason the movie gets "π" but the letter, number, and meson get "pi"? Surely all four should just be wikified in a REAL-LINK|π form? (I don't know about chemists and pi bonds.)

I put the Greek pi links in historical order. I changed "In chemistry, ..." to "..., in chemistry", since in a two part phrase, the key item should be first. (As opposed to common WP article starts, where "In chemistry, ..." seeks to orient.) The adjective "mathematical" is more readable than the "mathematics and related fields" phrase.--192.35.35.35 16:43, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Moved stuff
I'm moving the following here because either the entries lack articles and/or they are uncyclopedic for the purposes of wikipedia (e.g. wikipedia is not a slang dictionary). Note that the first entry, pi as a multiplication operator, is covered in the Pi (letter) article which is already linked to. -- jiyTalk 17:26, August 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * In mathematics, the capital letter Π is occasionally used as a symbol for the product operator, multiplying the terms of a sequence (compare use of Σ for the summation operator).
 * pi is typesetting jargon for a random jumble of characters.
 * pi is British slang for "preachy" or "goody-goody", from "pious".
 * PI is Prussian Instructions (Preußische Instruktionen), a German library cataloguing system used from 1898 until the 1970s.
 * PI is an abbreviation for Processing Instruction in SGML and XML.
 * PI is Push Initiator in WAP push

Greek letter on top
Doesn't this contradict the rule that the primary meaning (the mathematical constant, which is at Pi) should always go on top?? Georgia guy 15:55, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Reformatted page to show contents
This page has a large ammount of different articles to link to, I've sorted it to try to help people get to where they want asap. I've left the main pi article link at the top. I know it's normal for disambiguation pages to be a simple list of links, but with 42, I believe this is an exceptionThe18thDoctor 01:46, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

Just checking
Isn't Police Investigator also abbreviated as P.I.? Kennard2 02:05, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

pressure measurement
Does the abbreviation P.I. have a meaning in the field of instrumentation for measuring pressure in a fluid? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Skysong263 (talk • contribs) 21:28, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

Some Cleaning
I am in the process of making some changes. In a couple of days I will follow through, if contrarians don't show up.

Deletions

 * Pi Recordings, a record label --> never shown as Pi alone, either in linked page or in Official Website
 * Is clearly referred to as Pi alone in both the official site and in published sources
 * π-calculus --> never shown as Pi alone in linked page
 * Raspberry Pi, a Single Board Computer --> never shown as Pi alone, either in linked page or in Official Website / Twitter
 * Is clearly referred to as Pi alone in both the official site and in published sources
 * π(x), the reciprocal of the Pi reciprocal --> no links to any pages, so it shouldn't belong to a disambiguation page, and, anyway, Pi reciprocal does not differ, in concept and meaning, from the reciprocal of any other number
 * Pi Studios --> never shown as Pi alone in linked page
 * The logo is a stylized pi symbol -- though that article needs help wrt references
 * Pi Islands --> error - these islands are called Psi Islands (the topic was added to Psi disambiguation page
 * Pi Islands ≠ Psi Islands -- two different groups of islands
 * Primary immunodeficiency --> never mentioned in linked page as Pi
 * Polarity item in linguistics --> mentioned in linked page only as PPI or NPI (positive or negative polarity item). NPI topic has been added to NPI disambiguation page
 * Potential instability --> never mentioned in linked page as Pi
 * Privacy International --> never shown as Pi alone, either in linked page or in Official Website
 * clearly labelled as PI in the article, though the web site does not make obvious mentions of usage
 * Pasteur Institute never shown as Pi, either in linked page or in Official Website
 * Pirot, a city in Serbia (license plate code) --> There are many vehicle registration plates around the world with symbol PI which are well known by the locals and of little relevancy to any other person
 * Can't see that this as a valid reason for removing
 * Parameter indicator, in ISO standards --> never mentioned in linked page
 * Personal injury attorney --> PI never shown in linked page
 * The Philippines (from "Philippine Islands") --> its ISO 3166 code is PH
 * PI is an older pre-ISO abbreviation, perhaps still used informally, and perhaps still appearing in historical contexts. Unfortunately, no article describes this usage.
 * Piauí, a state in Brazil --> its ISO 3166 code is BR-PI
 * Poison Idea, American hardcore punk band --> never shown as Pi, either in linked page or in Official Website
 * Seattle Post-Intelligencer --> in linked page is mentioned as Seattle P-I or P-I, never PI
 * Dab pages for abbreviations typically include variant punctuation and capitalization.
 * Philippine Idol --> never shown as Pi in linked page
 * Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island --> in linked page, as in other pages, is always abbreviated as MCRD PI, never PI alone

Changes & Corrections
Carlotm (talk) 10:22, 4 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Old topic
 * Revised topic
 * Pi (instrument), a variety of quadruple reed oboes used in the traditional music of Thailand
 * Pi, a generic term for a variety of double- or quadruple-reed oboes and a free-reed pipe of traditional Thai music
 * Pion or π, a subatomic particle
 * π, Pion, a subatomic particle
 * Osmotic pressure or Π
 * Π, Osmotic pressure
 * The product symbol
 * ∏, the capital Pi notation, symbol of the product of a sequence of terms
 * Prime-counting function or $π(x)$
 * $π(x)$, prime-counting function
 * $π_{n}(X)$ the $n$th homotopy group of $X$
 * $π_{n}(X)$, the $n$th homotopy group of $X$
 * Pi (.hack), a fictional character from the multimedia franchise .hack//G.U.
 * Pi, a fictional character from the multimedia franchise .hack//G.U.
 * Pi Magazine
 * Pi Media, Student publications of University College of London ( π net, π magazine, π tv)
 * Pi County in Sichuan, China
 * Pi, county in Sichuan, China
 * Pi (film), a 1998 film directed by Darren Aronofsky
 * Pi, a 1998 film directed by Darren Aronofsky
 * Pi (state) a vassal state in Zhou Dynasty China (1046–256 BCE)
 * Pi, a vassal state in Zhou Dynasty China (1046–256 BCE)
 * An inorganic phosphate group (as Pi)
 * Pi, an inorganic phosphate
 * The isoelectric point (as pI)
 * pI, the isoelectric point
 * Sun Air (Fiji) (IATA airline code: PI)
 * PI, IATA airline code for the defunct Piedmont Airlines (1948–89)
 * In legal shorthand, it refers to a plaintiff
 * Π, plaintiff in legal shorthand
 * Partit per la Independència, a short lived political party in Catalonia of the 1990s
 * ''To be moved from subsection 'Other' to subsection 'Political parties'
 * Please see WP:MOSDAB on the use of piping for formatting (good) vs. for hiding the parenthetical part of a title (bad), for placing the blue link as close to the beginning as possible, and for linking to articles that address the ambiguous term. Some of your proposed changes are the contrarian view. -- JHunterJ (talk) 13:54, 4 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I was about to say much the same as JHJ. older ≠ wiser 13:58, 4 October 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pi (disambiguation)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Guido Grandi

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 14:35, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

Guido Grandi
This appears to be patent nonsense, however a google search does find a professor Guido Grandi returning approximately 150 matches. Is this figure actually notable and worthy of inclusion? GRider\talk 22:17, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 00:22, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep notable in history of mathematics http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Grandi.html
 * Please sign your votes, User:Wolfman. Andrewa 10:11, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. Listed in any comprehensive history of mathematics, many contributions. The mind boggles. Yes, his proof that 1=0 is not accepted today, but it was one of the keys to putting the concept of convergence onto a sound basis. To report it as his work is not nonsense. Andrewa 10:08, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Finished work on resistance of solids started by Vincenzo Viviani in addition to other work noted above. Capitalistroadster 11:13, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. --Pjacobi 00:56, 2005 Feb 21 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User talk:Bertster55

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 22:18, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Bertster55


text: User talk:12.150.9.106

title: User talk:12.150.9.106


text: User talk:68.85.85.158

title: User talk:68.85.85.158


text:
The Tale of Two Lovers

The Tale of Two Lovers (Historia de duobus amantibus) (1444) is a novel by Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, the future Pope Pius II. It is one of the earliest examples of an epistolary novel, full of erotic imagery. The first printed edition was published by Ulrich Zell in Cologne between 1467 and 1470.

The novel is set in Siena, Italy, and centres on the love story of Lucretia, a married woman, and Euryalus, one of the men waiting on the Duke of Austria. After an uncertain beginning, in which each is in love but unaware that it is reciprocated, they begin a correspondence, which takes up much of the rest of the novel. Before writing his first love letter, Euryalus quotes Virgil in defence of his position: Amor vincit omnia et nos cedamus amori (translated: "Love conquers all; let us all yield to love!").

The lovers were identified by some with Kaspar Schlick, the chancellor of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, and a daughter of the elder Mariano Sozzini, Aeneas' law teacher at the University of Siena.

In 1462, it was translated into German by Niklas van Wyle, who dedicated it to his patron Mechthild of the Palatinate.

Translations have been made into several languages, including English.

title: The Tale of Two Lovers


text:
European Volleyball Confederation

The European Volleyball Confederation (Confédération Européenne de Volleyball or CEV) is the continental governing body for the sports of indoor volleyball, beach volleyball and snow volleyball in Europe. Its headquarters is in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.

Profile
Although the CEV was formed on 21 October 1963, in Bucharest, Romania volleyball became popular in Europe many years before. The majority of the teams that attended the Congress which eventually led to the foundation of the FIVB in 1947 were from this continent. The foundation is supposed to have been a move on the part of European national federations.

Volleyball was invented in the United States and became an extremely popular sport in eastern Europe when introduced by American soldiers during World War I. By the middle of the century, it had spread through the rest of the continent. Many techniques and tactics commonplace in modern volleyball were introduced by European teams.

The long and significant tradition of the sport in the continent may at least partially account for the administrative structure employed by the CEV, which rivals the FIVB's in size and comprehensiveness. It is the biggest of all volleyball confederations and organizes the most annual competitions and tournaments. As of 2005, its headquarters are located in Luxembourg.

As the presiding entity over European volleyball federations, the CEV organizes continental competitions such as the prestigious European Championship (first edition, 1948), the CEV Cup and the European League. It participates in the organization of qualification tournaments for major events such as the Olympic Games, men's and women's world championships and international competitions of its affiliated federations.

The CEV family increased its membership to 56 Federations following the approval of Kosovo on the opening day of the 35th FIVB World Congress held on 5 October 2016, in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Volleyball Confederation banned all Russian national teams, clubs and officials from participating in European competition, and suspended all Russians from their respective functions in CEV organs. It also canceled all competitions in Russia.

Affiliated federations
As of 2022, the following 56 national federations are CEV affiliates, listed alphabetically.

Indoor volleyball

 * Men's European Volleyball League
 * Women's European Volleyball League
 * European Games

Beach volleyball

 * European Beach Volleyball Championships
 * European Beach Volleyball Tour
 * European U22 Beach Volleyball Championships (U23 until 2013)
 * European U20 Beach Volleyball Championships
 * European U18 Beach Volleyball Championships

Snow volleyball

 * European Snow Volleyball Championships
 * European Snow Volleyball Tour

Men

 * CEV Champions League
 * CEV Cup
 * CEV Challenge Cup

Women

 * CEV Women's Champions League
 * Women's CEV Cup
 * CEV Women's Challenge Cup

Zonal associations
The CEV is divided into six zonal associations largely based on geography:

 * Balkan Volleyball Association (BVA) – eleven national federations, BVA Cup
 * Eastern European Volleyball Zonal Association (EEVZA) – ten national federations
 * Middle European Volleyball Zonal Association (MEVZA) – eight national federations, MEVZA League
 * North European Volleyball Zonal Association (NEVZA) – eight national federations
 * Western European Volleyball Zonal Association (WEVZA) – eight national federations
 * Small Countries Association (SCA) – fourteen national federations

The Faroe Islands, Greenland and Iceland are members of the NEVZA and SCA.

Sponsors
Mikasa Sports, Sberbank, DenizBank, DHL and Gerflor sponsor the CEV.

title: European Volleyball Confederation


text:
Talk:Weather Folklore

Hey guys, why is this article here? I mean, what does Hellen Keller have to do with Weather Folklore?

Hey guys, come on. Come on.

I dunno, though, I think the other Helen Keller article is better. This one is too sugary, to the point of bias. I appreciate that you can't criticise Helen Keller but just because she was deaf-blind and learnt to talk doesn't make her an infinitely good person.

Localperson118 14:08, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Seriously guys, why is an article about Hellen Keller under weather folklore?
 * Because some anonymous user decided to create this page and put his article on Keller here. Today, his content was merged into the real Helen Keller article. Zzyzx11 05:46, 25 Mar 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Weather Folklore


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gjovalin Shkurtaj

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 12:32, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Gjovalin Shkurtaj
Is this vanity, nonsense, or a valuable contribution to the Wikipedia library? Could any conceivable article on this individual potentially benefit our readers? If so, how? GRider\talk 22:22, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * From the google results, he's a professor at the Linguistics department of the University of Tirana. Since someone made this page to attack his views, I would assume he's influential and therefore notable. I think leaving it with the NPOV tag is the best way to get an article on him, but the current content isn't much to work with, so no vote. Kappa 22:44, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - less than 160 Google hits. Megan1967 00:24, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - NPOV trauma victim, unexpandable, unencyclopedic, and otherwise unnotable. I know absolutely nothing about this subject area, but the contributing user may want to consider writing a stub about Ghegh since clearly this is a hot-button issue somewhere, even if to a small subset of people. BenSamples 04:40, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. See criteria for inclusion of biographies. --Pjacobi 00:55, 2005 Feb 21 (UTC)
 * Concur with the NPOV, delete. Radiant! 13:03, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Breath of Fire IV

Breath of Fire IV is a role-playing video game developed by Capcom, and is the fourth game in the Breath of Fire series. It was originally released for the PlayStation home console in Japan and North America in 2000, and Europe in 2001. The game was later ported to Windows-based PCs in Europe and Japan in 2003.

Just as in previous games of the series, Breath of Fire IV follows the adventures of a young man named Ryu, who has the power to transform into powerful dragons. The Ryu in this game must team up with several other skilled warriors to combat an awakened immortal emperor from ascending to godhood and destroying the world of man. Like Breath of Fire III, the game utilizes a mix of two and three-dimensional computer graphics and turn-based battle sequences.

Gameplay
Breath of Fire IV is a traditional role-playing video game with an overhead, isometric viewpoint. The game's camera can be manually rotated by the player up to a full 360 degrees in some instances, though unlike Breath of Fire III it cannot be tilted up or down. The game environment is rendered in full 3D, while characters are presented as two-dimensional hand-drawn sprites. While moving about the world, players can interact with computer-controlled characters and objects, gain knowledge about the world around them, and gather clues on how to advance the story. Each playable character is given a special "field skill" that can be used to destroy obstacles or solve puzzles outside of battles, which occur randomly in hostile areas or dungeons. The "Master System" from Breath of Fire III returns, allowing players to customize each character by having them apprentice under different masters found throughout the world. Under their guidance, these characters may gain new skills and special statistic increases by fulfilling certain tasks, such as participating in a certain number of battles, or finding specific items. The fishing mini-game common to the rest of the series also returns, along with the village-building Faerie Town feature from the previous title that allows players to construct a special village that opens new features.

Battles take place with teams of three characters against any number of enemy opponents. During these combat sequences, the player can choose which characters will perform an action in any order, as well as switch in any available reserve characters from the back row. While positioned in the back row, a character may not participate in battle, but may regain lost health or magic every combat round, as well as become unaffected by any attacks. Battles end when either all enemies are defeated, or all playable characters (both the front row and reserve) are out of health. Each battle yields experience points that go toward earning levels for each character, which in turn grants increased statistics and new skills.

New to Breath of Fire IV is the Combo System, which allows certain spells or skills to be cast in a specific order to gain bonus damage or other effects. Casting two ice spells in sequence, for example, will produce a stronger ice attack, while a fire spell followed by a wind spell will create an explosion-based attack. Combos may also automatically occur in single attacks that have more than one effect.

Characters
The principal characters of Breath of Fire IV were designed by series artist Tatsuya Yoshikawa, and consist of Ryu and his companions, each with their own individual skills and personality traits carry the story forward. Ryu (voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi) is an amnesic young man with the mysterious ability to transform into powerful dragons, with his "other half" being Fou-Lu (voiced by Isshin Chiba), the principal antagonist and founder of the Fou Empire centuries ago with similar abilities, yet a much more malevolent personality. Aiding Ryu on his quest to confront Fou-Lu are several other heroes including Nina (voiced by Kyoko Hikami), a winged magic-user and the reigning princess of the Kingdom of Wyndia; Cray (voiced by Isshin Chiba), a burly member of the cat-like Woren tribe who wields a large wooden post and holds romantic feelings for Nina's sister, Elina; Ershin (Master in the Japanese version, voiced by Inuko Inuyama), an enigmatic robot-like armor who speaks in third-person; Scias (voiced by Unshō Ishizuka), a lanky mercenary and swordsman from the dog-like Grassrunner clan who lives for money; and Ursula (voiced by Kumiko Watanabe), prideful granddaughter of a military commander with kitsune-like features and skilled with guns. Primary supporting characters include Yohm, a general from the modern Fou Imperial Army with the ability to summon monsters to his aid who see Fou-Lu as a threat to the world; Rasso, an elitist company commander dispatched to the Eastern Kingdoms to search for Ryu, Fou-Lu's key to obtaining his lost godhood; Yuna, a cruel geneticist and occultist who participates in horrific acts of genetic manipulation with dark magic; and Kahn, a muscle-bound chauvinist and comic-relief villain who constantly encounters Ryu's party.

Backstory
A long time ago an emperor called Muuru was having problems with the empire which was in a civil war, so he tried to summon a god named アルカイ「arukai」 (which was translated as Yorae) to unify the empire through its divinity. The summoning was imperfect, which made the god to be split both in time and bodies. The summoned god was called Fou-Lu. After ten years he was able to unify the western continent into the Fou empire. Meanwhile, the western continent was repeatedly attacked by the eastern continent, so Fou-Lu decided to create a bridge that would transport people and things to the other continent. Carrying the ambitions of Muuru, Fou-Lu wanted to unify both continents and cease the war. But due to the imperfect summoning Fou-Lu entered a sleeping state (sealed) and the empire lost its strike on the eastern continent keeping the war in a deadlock. Without Fou-lu's presence the war kept going on for many years of truces and war. Several years later, the second half of the god came into the world, waking up Fou-Lu that was sealed in a long sleep recovering his powers. And so the game begins...

Story
The story of Breath of Fire IV begins with a search team consisting of Nina, princess of the Kingdom of Wyndia, and Cray, leader from the plains-dwelling Woren clan. They are heading to the town Synesta for information on the whereabouts of Nina's older sister and Cray's love interest, Elina, who went missing several weeks earlier on a diplomatic mission. They are soon attacked by a berserk dragon and their sandflier crashes, forcing Nina to go to Sarai for spare parts while Cray guards their ride. Happening upon a crater left when a strange object landed from the sky, Nina confronts a large dragon who transforms before her eyes into a young man. Remembering nothing other than his name, Ryu, Nina surmises he must have amnesia and persuades him to help her search for her sister. Meanwhile, across the world in the western Fou Empire, the ancient Emperor Fou-Lu rises from his burial tomb, declaring that it is now his time to regain his throne, as he promised over six centuries ago. He commands one of his Guardian dogs, Won-Qu, to guard the tomb before heading south. In his vulnerable, newly awakened state, he is attacked by Yohm, a general in the modern Fou army who is privy to Fou-Lu's long-prophesied resurrection, and aims to kill him before carrying out his plan. Fou-Lu is overpowered in the struggle and is struck down into a ravine.

Elsewhere, Ryu and Nina run into trouble with a Fou Empire captain named Rasso and cannot get the needed spare parts in the end. While escaping the Fou soldiers, they travel to a town blighted by an evil miasma known as "hex" to get back to Cray, where they meet Ershin, a mysterious robot-like armor who leads them through the poisoned side of town. Re-uniting with Cray, the team makes their way west to gather more information. The story shifts back to Fou-Lu, who has awakened after his ordeal with Yohm and finds himself in the care of a man named Bunyan. After recovering enough, Fou-Lu departs down the mountain only to find Yohm and his soldiers blocking the path. After a struggle, Fou-Lu is forced to flee by transforming into a dragon and flying away, declaring that he must find his "other half", Ryu, and re-unite with him before the Empire finds him first. Yohm summons another creature to chase and strike Fou-Lu down. It succeeds and Fou-Lu crashes into the forest below.

By this time, Ryu and his friends arrive at the border town of Kyojin, where they meet Captain Rasso again who attempts to block them from entering the Causeway's gates. Quickly escaping past the guards in Fou Empire's continent, the team make their way north where they meet Yuna, an Imperial scientist who knows of Elina. He claims that she was here but is no longer. The soldiers then capture and return them to the Eastern Lands with accusations of breaking the pre-war peace treaty by trespassing in their lands. The group is detained in the town of Ludia and Cray is set to stand trial on their behalf. The group tries to help by "lessening the evidence" against Cray but to no effect with the judge. With no other choice Ryu, Nina and Ershin break him out of captivity with the help of Scias, a tall, dog-like mercenary who joins their cause. Determined to clear their names and find Elina, they travel past a swamp and through a volcano to arrive in Wyndia, where after an audience with Nina's father, the king, the group continues west. After seeking the Wind Dragon at the top of an ancient temple and brought to an ancient summoners' village, the group learns of Ryu's heritage, why the Empire is after Ryu, and the danger he would be in should he and Fou-Lu ever meet. They also learn that Ershin is carrying an Endless' spirit named Deis. While the group learns all this, Captain Rasso tracks Ryu to the summoners' village and kills most of the villagers. They then meet Ursula, granddaughter of a high-ranking Fou Empire official, who is against Rasso's savage methods. After attacking the villagers, Captain Rasso pulls out his trump card against Ryu. Ryu goes berserk and incinerates all the soldiers and Rasso and almost kills Ursula too, but Nina manages to calm Ryu down. Before leaving for Kyojin again along the western border, Ursula joins the group to keep an eye on them. Learning that the Causeway broke down after their initial visit, they find that they need a ship in order to proceed with their journey.

However, when the gang reaches the western continent, they find it in chaos. Strange, inexplicable things are occurring there, most of them happening in the city of Astana, where the Imperial Headquarters are situated. When they search the Imperial Headquarters, they find it horrifically transformed. When they are unable to pass through a certain obstacle, Elina's voice suddenly rings out, telling them that they cannot pass without first acquiring the Dragonslayer, a sword that is currently in the keeping of Yuna. Tracking Yuna down to a nearby city, Ryu attacks him, forcing him to discard the Dragonslayer. The party returns to Astana, but an atrocity occurs there: unbeknownst to the party, Yuna had the idea of modifying Elina's body and transform her into an artificial Endless but unexpectedly fused her with the Imperial headquarters. Elina has no wish to exist in this form, so she begs Cray to kill her with the Dragonslayer. After an internal debate, he complies, destroying the Imperial Headquarters and dealing a devastating blow to party morale.

After regaining their composure, Ryu and his team travel to the Emperor's pagoda to stop him, and find Ursula's adopted grandfather, General Rhuh, holding off several monsters and A-Tur charging the palace area. Dying in the struggle, Ursula's grandfather tells his daughter to stop Fou-Lu with her new friends, and restore the empire to its former glory. She agrees, and the group makes their way to the palace's inner sanctum, where Ryu personally confronts Fou-Lu and questions his motivation to destroy humanity after they have done so much for him in the past, recalling and comparing their memories. After an intense battle, Fou-Lu finally understands Ryu's defense and merges with Ryu to become the complete Yorae Dragon God, which decides to send the gods back to their own world. Then Ryu rejoins the group as a mortal, and they leave the palace together.

There is an alternative ending of the story where Fou-Lu absorbs Ryu, making him the dominant half where he then plans to destroy humanity, starting by killing Ryu's friends.

The manga adaptation, Utsurowazaru Mono: Breath Of Fire IV, gives a third ending with Ryu refusing to fully absorb Fou-Lu as the gods disappear from the world. While Ryu's friends wait hopefully for his return, he and Fou-Lu are wandering the world side by side as mortals, both relearning and experiencing the joys of humanity.

Development
Breath of Fire IV was developed by Capcom Development Studio 3, which contained many of the same staff members who produced Breath of Fire III, including director Makoto Ikehara, and character artist Tatsuya Yoshikawa, who provided designs for the game's hand-drawn sprites. In May 1999 industry rumors began speculating that the title would appear on the PlayStation 2 console when Capcom's Yoshiki Okamoto remarking that their next role-playing game would be a "giant project" that would make use of the system's network capabilities. The following July, however, it was confirmed that the game would instead be heading to the original PlayStation, with development having been underway for "some time" beforehand, and was officially unveiled in an issue of Japanese Weekly Famitsu magazine the same month. Due to time constraints, some intended features were not included in the final release of the game, including a scenario that would have involved defeating Yuna, an antagonist who otherwise lives in the end. The title would appear at the 2000 Tokyo Game Show trade show in Japan, and would later be released in the region the following April.

In February 2000, Capcom USA officially announced that an English version of the game would be made available in North America. This version would contain a number of differences from the Japanese release, including the censorship of four different scenes that take place during the game that involved Fou-Lu decapitating Emperor Soniel, Ryu spying on Nina and Ursula bathing in a pond, Ryu accidentally grabbing Ursula's breast, and Ursula dropping her pants on a dare. One of Scias's abilities, Shikibetsu (しきべつ, literally, "Identify"), which allowed him to view the statistics of an enemy during battle, as well as a short description of their abilities, was also completely removed. Exclusive to the Japanese version was also a hidden store area that was accessible only by using a save file on a CD distributed through an issue of the Dengeki PlayStation magazine.

In May 2003, Breath of Fire IV was ported to Windows-based personal computers in Japan by SourceNext. This version, though identical to the PlayStation release, contains a filter for sprite smoothing on 2D visuals, as well as shorter load times. The PC version was released in English exclusively for European audiences the following September.

Audio
The music of Breath of Fire IV was composed entirely by Yoshino Aoki, who had previously collaborated with Akari Kaida on the soundtrack to Breath of Fire III. Aoki would also provide the vocals for the game's ending theme, "Yume no Sukoshi Ato" (ゆめのすこしあと, literally, "A Little After the Dream"), and would write an arrangement of Maurice Ravel's "Pavane pour une infante défunte" titled "Pavane for a Dead Princess", while composer Taro Iwashiro provides the game's opening theme song "Breath of Fire IV ~Opening Animation~". In May 2000, Capcom would release the Breath of Fire IV Original Soundtrack on the company's in-house music label Suleputer, which contained all music from the game across two discs. In June 2006, the entire soundtrack would be re-released as part of the Breath of Fire Original Soundtrack Special Box box set, which contained music from the first five games in the series.

PlayStation Version
Breath of Fire IV was well received during its original release in Japan, earning a 31 out of 40 from Weekly Famitsu magazine. The game was the best-seller of July 2000, and would go on to sell an estimated 334,000 copies in the region in 2000, which would qualify it for Sony's "PlayStation the Best" label, allowing it to be re-released in September 2002 at a reduced price.

The game's English release in North America and Europe met with a similarly good response, with GamePro Magazine awarding it a 5 out of 5 and an Editor's Choice award, claiming "If you believe Final Fantasy IX is the last word in RPGs this year, think again," citing the game's "well-illustrated" graphics and "beautiful score" as its high points. Eurogamer conversely stated that "It may not have the looks and sheen of Final Fantasy, and it certainly doesn't equal it in tale," calling attention to the game's "predictable" plot, but concludes that Breath of Fire IV "remains an extremely compelling and often rewarding RPG". GameSpot called the title "as solid of a game as any of its predecessors" but found it to be lacking in innovation, claiming that "though it doesn't improve upon the standard RPG formula, it's hard to fault in any specific way." IGN found the game's graphics to be "colorful and cute, but something [I]'d like to see improved upon if and when a fifth game comes out", and faulted the game for its "irritating" camera system. The game placed 6th in PSM's "Best Games of 2000" awards feature, with the editors claiming that "[We]'ve always been fans of the Breath of Fire series, and part IV might be the best one yet."

While some critics praised the game's two dimensional graphics as "visually breathtaking", and "the most arresting of any game in the series", others such as IGN found them too stale and grainy, yet still a marked improvement over Breath of Fire III. The return of series mainstays such as the fishing minigame and dragon transformations was seen as a welcome recurrence, and though the title brought many new changes to the series, it did nothing to change the standard role-playing game formula. The game's camera, while able to be rotated at any time, was often seen as cumbersome given the tight spaces most environments were rendered in.

Francesca Reyes reviewed the PlayStation version of the game for Next Generation, rating it four stars out of five, and stated that "A quirky but memorable RPG that fans of the series will immediately embrace."

PC Version
The PC version saw a limited release in certain regions of Europe and Australia, while the Japanese version sold enough copies to qualify for the "Quality1980" label, and was subsequently re-released on July 8, 2005.

Manga
Three officially licensed manga were produced for Japan by Enterbrain Company, including two four-panel parody comics and an anthology comic, both released in 2000. An official novelization of the game's story, Breath of Fire IV: The Unfading Ones—The Arukai Dragon—was written by Yayoi Joumon and released in 2000. Additionally, an official manga adaptation by Hitoshi Ichimura under the title Utsurowazaru Mono: Breath Of Fire IV (うつろわざるもの―ブレス オブ ファイアIV) has been serialized since November 2007 in Comic Blade Avarus, with a compilation of the first five chapters from November 2007 to March 2008 published by Mag Garden in May 2008 in book format. The Comic Blade Avarus manga adaptation, which is a pure "graphic novelisation" of the game, is still being published in serial format as of the September 2008 issue and is officially being produced under supervision from Capcom.

title: Breath of Fire IV


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Talk:Delta Gamma

History
Add more information about each founder of Delta Gamma. Small biographies for each founder: Mary Comfort Leonard, Eva Webb Dodd, and Anna Boyd Ellington. Kkudlak114 (talk) 18:07, 1 October 2013 (UTC)Kkudlak114

Philanthropy
More information can be added about Service For Sight. The American Foundation for the Blind has a page about Delta Gamma's Service for Sight, including where the foundation is based, the staff, and the services the philanthropy offers. http://www.afb.org/directory.aspx?action=profile&AccountID=424 Kkudlak114 (talk) 17:52, 1 October 2013 (UTC)Kkudlak114

We can elaborate on Delta Gamma's "Anchor Splash" and "Anchor Slam" philanthropy events. Kkudlak114 (talk) 18:34, 1 October 2013 (UTC)Kkudlak114

Fraternity/sorority
This article needs a few more explanatory words in a some of the opening sentences to make the men/women/fraternity/sorority stuff comprehensible for those not familiar with this US tradition. For example, first we read: "one of the oldest and largest women's fraternities in the United States" which immediately sounds odd as one would expect a fraternity to be a men's organization. Then shortly afterwards it says "Delta Gamma (ΔΓ) is a college fraternity, although more often referred to as a sorority..." which makes absolutely no sense at all to me. Is it women only, or is it mixed? If it's women only then why is it a "fraternity"? If it's mixed then why is it "more often referred to as a sorority"?

Most "sororities" are not sororities but Womens' Fraternities. Many of these organizations were founded BEFORE the word sorority was even coined-hence the use of womens' fraternity as the name. Some of these groups changed their name to sorority later, but many decided not to. That is why some of them are "womens' fraternities" and some are "sororities" although all are referred to as a sorority in common conversation. --eelmonkey (talk) [Undated comment]

 * MANY NPC members are sororities to this day. The page stated that only 1 member of the NPC (A Delta Pi) was still a sorority, which is false. If anyone is confused by the sorority/fraternity thing, they should start by reading about the National Panhellenic Conference entry. [Anonymous comment]

 * Hi! A member of Delta Gamma here:
 * Technically DG is a fraternity. In the Greek language, the word fraternity meant (roughly) an assembly of PEOPLE with common interests (with no specification of gender). It is only in the Roman language that the word fraternity has the male gender (and obviously it is a Greek organization). Thanks! -kmt —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.207.236.11 (talk) 19:46, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

 * As a classics major: The term "frater" is in fact Latin meaning "brother." However, many "women's fraternities" use the Greek word "phratria" meaning "people who hold a common interest" as their root. So the post claiming the root of "fraternity" to mean "people" is correct.

 * To explain about why Delta Gamma is a fraternity, not a sorority (it had one male member, George Banta), [consider] add[ing] a small paragraph about George Banta.
 * "George Banta and his Delta Gamma fiancée, Lillian Vawter were married in 1882. Lillian died in 1885, leaving a young son, Mark.  Brother Banta moved to Menasha, Wisconsin, where he later married Ellen Lee Plesants.  Two children were born to this union: George Jr. and Eleanor Banta." "Eleanor became a member of Delta Gamma." "Delta Gamma paid special tribute to Brother Banta when the Delta Gamma Foundation established the George Banta Memorial Fellowship for 1957-58." --from Miller's Meanderings Volume #1 - Kkudlak114 (talk) 17:41, 1 October 2013

Slogan
I believe that "Hot damn, Delta Gam!" is a slogan of this group. If true, it should be added to the article. Mike R (talk) 17:39, 16 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Disagree. It may be an informal slogan used by some chapters, but unless it is adopted by the international headquarters (and it has not been), it is not a part of Delta Gamma.  Many would, I believe, consider it like slang -- appropriate in some circumstances but certainly nothing an organization would wish to be known for. AMCIT (talk) 18:56, 25 January 2009 (UTC)
 * It’s a part a chant we do for bid day, I would not consider it an actual slogan. 2604:3D09:797D:6600:4D71:EAAE:F7E6:99B9 (talk) 18:27, 31 October 2023 (UTC)

Dazzling Delta Gammas
A popular stereotype claims that Delta Gamma usually has the prettiest girls on campus, even more so than sororities in general. This stereotype has led to the expression "Dazzling Delta Gammas"! Where could we put this in the Article? The Mysterious El Willstro (talk) 08:21, 21 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Sorry. That's a subjective judgement, without useful citation. Could be true, but unusable information for an encyclopedia summary. Jax MN (talk) 18:55, 18 April 2023 (UTC)

Great Online Resource Anchora Winter 1955
The Anchora for Winter 1955 appears to have been a *MAXIMUM* issue with a *LOT* of History and images as well as charter dates for the active chapters as well. (, please inform if anything there has been overtaken by later research. (https://books.google.com/books?id=QZQE4Z4KDYsC) I don't know how many old Anchoras are scanned in.Naraht (talk) 15:59, 18 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Delta Gamma


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Breath of Fire (video game)

Breath of Fire is a role-playing video game developed by Capcom originally for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Initially released in Japan in April 1993, the game was later made available in North America in August 1994 by Square Soft, who handled the title's English localization and promotion. It is the first entry in the Breath of Fire series.

Recognized by Capcom as their first traditional role-playing video game, Breath of Fire would set the precedent for future entries in the series, and features character designs artist Keiji Inafune, as well as music by members of Capcom's in-house sound team Alph Lyla. In 2001, the game was re-released for the Game Boy Advance handheld system with new save features and minor graphical enhancements, with the English version being released in Europe for the first time. In 2016, it was released for the New Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console. In 2019, it was released for the Nintendo Switch SNES games library.

Set in a fantasy world, Breath of Fire follows the journey of a boy named Ryu, one of the last surviving members of an ancient race with the ability to transform into mighty dragons, as he searches the world for his sister. During his quest, Ryu meets other warriors who share his quest, and comes into conflict with the Dark Dragon Clan, a militaristic empire who seeks to take over the world by reviving a mad goddess. The game experienced mostly positive reception upon release, and was followed by a direct sequel, Breath of Fire II, in 1994.

Gameplay
Breath of Fire is a traditional role-playing video game, featuring two-dimensional character sprites and environments presented from a top-down perspective. Players move their characters in four directions while navigating through a number of environments ranging from towns to dungeons filled with traps and monsters. In order to advance the story, the player must take part in story-based scenarios that require them to enter dangerous areas and defeat enemies while also interacting with non-player characters to become involved in the plot.

During gameplay the player's main character, Ryu, will meet other characters that join his party, each with their own distinct abilities in and out of battle. These include differing magic spells as well as unique Personal Actions that can be performed in certain situations that allow the player to interact with the game world, solve puzzles, or navigate environments more easily. A player's active group can consist of up to four members at a time, but may switch any of them with reserve members at any time, even in the middle of battle. The game uses an icon-based menu system that organizes the player's stock of items, equipment, and character information, with subsystem shortcuts than can be set to unused buttons on the game controller for ease of access. As the game progresses, players may purchase or find items and equipment that can aid each character and make them stronger.

Players advance the game by doing battle with enemy creatures. Combat in Breath of Fire takes place in hostile areas such as dungeons, with encounters occurring randomly every few steps. The game uses a turn-based system while in combat, where the player inputs commands for each character at the start of each round, which are then carried out by order of their "agility" rating. While each controllable character's health is indicated by numerical hit points, an enemy's vitality is represented by a colored bar that decreases as they take damage, and must be reduced to nothing in order to be defeated. Stronger boss characters have the ability to continue battle even after their health bar is depleted, with their true remaining health being obscured for the rest of the battle. Characters can cast spells to harm enemies or aid their allies, which require AP (Ability Points) in order to be cast. When a player defeats all enemies present, they are awarded with experience points that go towards leveling up characters, making them stronger and giving them access to new spells. Progress is saved in one of three slots using the game cartridge's internal battery back-up, which can be accessed by dragon statues at certain points throughout the game.

Characters
Each character hails from a different clan made up of anthropomorphic animal-like beings or humans with fantastic powers, with their assortment of magic spells and personal field abilities that can be used out of battle to help the player progress through the game and find hidden items.

The main character is a young man named Ryu, one of the last surviving members of the Light Dragon Clan, who have been driven to near-extinction by their enemy, the Dark Dragon Clan. When his sister, Sara, is captured by the Dark Dragons, Ryu must travel the world searching for a way to get her back, as well as unlock his latent ability to transform into powerful dragons. During gameplay, the player can meet and recruit seven additional party members, including Nina, princess of the Kingdom of Windia whose race can transform into large birds; Bo (Gilliam in the Japanese version), a wolf-man held prisoner by the Dark Dragons after they attacked his homeland; Karn (Danc in the Japanese version), member of an ancient order of thieves with the ability to merge two or more party members together to create powerful fighters; Gobi (Manillo in the Japanese version), a fish-man and traveling merchant who can transform into a giant fish; Ox (Builder in the Japanese version), a large ox-man from a town of blacksmiths; Mogu, a mole-person with the ability to dig holes in certain areas; and Bleu (Deis in the Japanese version), an immortal sorceress with a snake-like lower body who commands powerful magic.

The principal antagonists are the Dark Dragon Clan, a militaristic empire made up of soldiers that can transform into dragons. They are led by Emperor Zog (Zorgon in the Japanese version), who seeks to take over the world by gaining the power of the Goddess Tyr (Myria in the Japanese version as well as the English version of the third game), who was sealed away centuries ago by the Light Dragons using six magic keys that have been scattered across the world. His main general is Jade (Judas in the Japanese version), who in turn commands his Four Devas: Cort (Kyura in the Japanese version), a mad scientist; Mote (Sigmund in the Japanese version), a wizard who has the power to terrorize people in their dreams; Cerl (Carla in the Japanese version), a half-breed magic user who resents her past mistreatment by humans; and Goda, an armored goliath.

Story
Breath of Fire takes place in an unnamed medieval world. In addition to ordinary humans, it is populated by various "clans" of anthropomorphic animals. The Dragon Clan—a race of humans who are able to transform into dragons—differ from the others in that their members appear (for the most part) to be human. The back-story of the game is summarized during its prologue: Thousands of years ago, a goddess named Myria (also known as "Tyr" and "Maria" in some English translations and "Miria" in Breath of Fire II) sowed discord amongst the Dragon Clan by offering to grant any wish. Feuding over the goddess' favor eventually split the Clan into two feuding sides, the Light Dragons and the Dark Dragons, who engaged in a war. Myria encouraged the fighting and watched the war escalate. Just as the world was on the brink of destruction, the "Goddess War" ended when a heroic Light Dragon imprisoned Myria and sealed her away using six keys. Each key has a unique magical property which affects the surrounding landscape; the Light Key is hidden in the port town of Auria, providing boundless prosperity for its residents. Alternatively, the Dark Key resides near the slums of Bleak, accounting for that town's perpetual darkness.

The Dark Dragons continue to hunt their longtime enemies, the Light Dragons, and have driven them into isolation. Unbeknownst to the Dark Dragons, the Light Dragon Clan sealed away its dragon powers long ago. The game's protagonist, Ryu, is living peacefully in Drogon, a village of Light Dragons survivors. Ryu was orphaned when he was young and was raised by his sister, Sara, a priestess who can summon powerful magic. One night he dreams of a dragon that warns him of impending danger; he awakens to find his village has been set ablaze. Sara uses her magic to draw the Dark Dragons away from Ryu and the other villagers, but is taken prisoner. The Dark Dragon Emperor, Zog, has announced that it is the birthright of the Dark Dragons to conquer the planet. Zog intends to release Myria by assembling the six Goddess keys. However, it could be that Zog is about to make a mistake that will lead the world to its destruction instead, so Ryu leaves the village and embarks on a quest to collect the keys before Zog can.

Ryu's first destination is the town of Nanai, under which the Earth Key is sealed. He seizes the key from the Dark Dragon forces stationed there, but ends up leveling the town doing so since the Earth Key governs seismic activity. He then travels to Windia ("Winlan" in the official translation) but discovers that the King there has been poisoned. He briefly meets Nina, the princess of Windia, and then has to rescue her from the tower of Karma after her mission to obtain the remedy for her father goes awry due to the use of a toxic weapon called Xeon Gas, which was seemingly developed by the Dark Dragons. Once Nina's father recovers, Nina elects to join Ryu on his further adventures, and the two next travel to Tantar, the home of the wolf-like Forest Clan. They eventually discover that the chieftain of the neighboring village of Tuntar is an impostor working for the Dark Dragon Empire. Ryu and Nina venture to a nearby forest to rescue the real chief, but end up walking into a trap. Fortunately, they and the real chief are rescued by Bo, a warrior of the Forest Clan who had just escaped the custody of the Dark Dragons. He also joins them on their quest and helps them locate another Goddess Key, the Space Key.

En route to the port town of Auria, Ryu, Nina and Bo find a mysterious shrine. It is here that Ryu is forced to undergo a great trial: once he completes it, his dragon powers awaken. At Auria, the trio are mistaken for thieves and arrested, but Karn, a thief they meet inside their cell, frees them. They meet Karn again inside a tomb in the desert, and when they recover a tome containing thieving secrets, he joins the team. Back at Auria, the party discovers that the Dark Dragons have blackmailed the town's richest resident into surrendering the Light Key. They manage to foil this plot, however, by claiming the Dark Key and the Mirror from a tower near the thieves' town of Bleak and using the Mirror to allow the rich man's wife to communicate with him from beyond the grave. However, the Dark Dragons then resort to more aggressive tactics and sink the ship the party planned to board. The captain of the ship and the gold digging merchant Gobi approach the group with a plan to obtain a new ship. Their new ship is sunk as well, though, stranding them on a desert island. In order for the party to continue their quest, Gobi ventures forth alone and succeeds in acquiring the Gills, which allow Ryu and his friends to breathe underwater, and they continue on their way with Gobi as a companion.

The party's next stop is the underwater city of Prima. Gobi leads them to one of the inns there, where an aspiring blacksmith is on his sickbed while a ghost waits to take his soul into the beyond. Upon defeating the ghost, the blacksmith delivers some alarming news: the Dark Dragons are developing a new weapon and have taken the blacksmiths of the industrial town of Gant prisoner so they can build it for them. The party promises to help the blacksmith rescue his friends and family. He introduces himself as Ox and takes the party to the castle of Nabal, where the people of Gant are imprisoned. It is here that the true nature of the Dark Dragons' new weapon is revealed — a torpedo which can be used to level Prima. Ox tags along with the group as they seek the immortal witch Bleu, who has taken up residence in a moving town in the desert. With Bleu's help, the party are able to thwart the Dark Dragons' scheme to destroy Prima with the torpedo. Ox and Bleu realize the gravity of the current situation and pledge their skills to Ryu's cause. The party's adventure continues after Karn obtains the ability to fuse his comrades together, and Gobi gains the ability to transform into a giant fish using a special item.

The group continues to an underground settlement, clashing with the evil scientist and Four Devas member Cort along the way. When they arrive, they discover that one of the warriors there, a young mole person named Mogu, has been imprisoned in the Dream World by Mote, another of the Four Devas. They rescue him from the dream by obtaining a special item from Tunlan, where the Time Key is also kept (the group loses this key when Four Deva member Cerl takes it). Mogu joins the party when he is rescued, and the party next travels to the town of Spring. The Sky Key is kept in a tower near the town, but someone has used it to create a permanent winter in the area. While investigating the tower, the party discover that the culprit is Mote, and fight him within the Dream World with the aid of his conscience. After restoring the weather to normal, the party continue towards the Dark Dragon capital of Scande, but are delayed once more when they enter the town of Carmen where time is standing still. Aided by a villager named Alan, they investigate a nearby tower and confront Cerl again, who is revealed to be a childhood friend of Alan's. Consumed with a desire for vengeance against humans, she attacks and critically wounds Alan, but later swears off her vendetta when the party delivers a fruit from the village where she and Alan grew up. The final Deva Goda then appears and ambushes the party. Cerl surrenders the Time Key to Ryu's party and stays behind to cover their escape while Alan enters Cerl's castle to be with her again. While restoring the flow of time, however, something goes wrong and Nina is forced out of the party by a warping of time and space.

The party finds her moments later in Tunlan. However, she is suffering from amnesia. When the party restores her memories, the now visibly older Nina rejoins them and tells everyone that she can transform into the Great Bird. With her new ability, the party flies to Scande, where they do battle with Zog and vanquish him. Afterwards, Jade traps them in a room with Sara. Jade plays on Ryu's emotions by placing Sara under a powerful mind control spell. She takes the keys from Ryu and delivers them to Jade. The party pursues him to the tower where Myria is sealed, but are stopped midway through the tower by Sara, who attacks them. The party is forced to kill her to break Jade's hold on her; the mind control is too strong to completely dispel any other way. As she lies dying, she tells Ryu and his friends that they have done nothing wrong — Jade and Myria are to blame as they created a situation where she had to die. The party resolves to stop Jade at any cost, but are too late to prevent him from freeing Myria completely.

Ryu wakes up three days later in his hometown, which is still in ruins. He learns from his comrades and the surviving Light Dragon members that Jade has unearthed the Obelisk from beneath Scande and that he, Goda and Myria have taken up residence within. They infiltrate the Obelisk with the assistance of Mogu's clan. Goda attempts to bar their path within the Obelisk, but is defeated. The party presses on to find Jade, who is enraptured by the power of Myria and engages the party in battle, but is defeated and slain. He ominously announces that the party will soon face the fell goddess responsible for the Goddess War thousands of years ago.

The party confronts Myria in the deepest room of the Obelisk, initially in the guise of a defenseless female. However, when Ryu uses the ultimate dragon power against her, Myria becomes enraged and transforms herself into a demon. The party battles her one final time and defeat her. She vows to return and destroys the ground under the party's feet. They are rescued by Nina's clan and taken to Wyndia, where Ryu sees Sara's apparition one last time. She expresses pride in Ryu for defeating Myria when the Light Dragon Warrior of the past failed to do so. The party members go their separate ways and devote themselves to reconstruction efforts across the globe now that the war is over.

Development
Breath of Fire was developed by Capcom for the Super NES by designer Yoshinori Kawano (credited as Botunori) and producer Tokuro Fujiwara, previously known as the creator of the Ghosts 'n Goblins series. Keiji Inafune (credited in the staff credits, as Inafking) designed the game's characters. However, Inafune's supervisor took him off the project and replaced him with Tatsuya Yoshikawa. The latter artist kept many of Inafune's design features in the new illustrations. Capcom added easter eggs into the game in the form of cameo appearances by characters from other company franchises, including Chun-Li from Street Fighter. The game's English release in August 1994 was a joint effort between Capcom USA and Square Soft, who handled most of the title's localization and promotion in North America due to Capcom USA's lack of experience with text-heavy role-playing games. Square Soft would feature the game in the fourth issue of its North American newsletter, The Ogopogo Examiner, and would advertise the game as being "from the makers of the Final Fantasy series". Breath of Fire's English localization was handled primarily by Ted Woolsey, whose previous works included Final Fantasy Legend III, Final Fantasy Mystic Quest, and Secret of Mana. Because of space limitations in game's text fields, many items, as well as character and spell names had to be truncated in order to fit, resulting in numerous abbreviations.

In March 2001, Capcom Japan announced that Breath of Fire would be ported to Nintendo's Game Boy Advance handheld system with new features and a more "intuitive" gameplay system. The new version includes re-drawn character portraits, as well as a re-designed menu system that resembles Breath of Fire II, along with updated cutscene graphics at certain points during gameplay. Additionally, Capcom added the ability for players to temporarily save their progress at any point using a new "quick save" feature, as well as a new dash button that allows for faster movement through the game. Using the Game Boy Advance link cable, two players may also exchange items between game cartridges using a new trade feature. Two months before the 2001 Electronic Entertainment Expo in Los Angeles, Capcom USA announced that they would be publishing an English version of the game initially for release the following September.

Audio
The music for Breath of Fire was composed by four members of Capcom's sound team Alph Lyla: Yasuaki Fujita, Mari Yamaguchi, Minae Fuji, and Yoko Shimomura, originally credited under the pseudonyms "Bun Bun", "Mari", "Ojarin", and "Pii♪", respectively. Tatsuya Nishimura also composed music and sound effects for the game, but remained uncredited. Although no official soundtrack for the game was made available during its original release, the background themes from the title would later be included on the Breath of Fire Original Soundtrack Special Box released in March 2006, which featured music from the first five games of the series. To help promote the title, Capcom used the song "Running Wild" by Toshi and rock band the Night Hawks in the game's television commercial in Japan, with a re-recorded version featuring slightly different lyrics called "Breath of Fire" later appearing on the Night Hawks' June 1994 album The Midnight Hawks.

Contemporary
Breath of Fire met with "considerable success" during its original release in Japan. While the title was initially only "modestly successful" in North America, Nintendo Power noted a spike in sales following the release of the game's sequel in December 1995, calling it "a rare second wind".

The game was mostly well received by critics during its release in North America in 1994. Game Informer awarded it a score of 9 out of 10. Electronic Gaming Monthly praised the title's "excellent graphics and sound", ultimately stating that "Even if you're not a fan of these kinds of more deliberately- [sic]paced games, you'll still get hooked on this one!" Its five reviewers gave it ratings of 8, 8, 7, 8 and 9 out of 10. GameFan's three reviewers gave it scores of 94, 90 and 90 out of 100, concluding that it has "beautiful art work, a great story, very good fight scenes, and some of the most amazing music". Nintendo Power praised its level of exploration and found it to be "not as linear as other RPGs such as Final Fantasy II", but said that its plot was relatively standard and contained "more fighting than adventure fans might like". GamePro similarly felt that the game's story was "nondescript and average" and that Capcom "should have tried for more interesting enemies, different battle screens, or butt-kicking graphics", finding the overall experience to be "bland". Electronic Games gave it a full A+ rating, stating that it is "considerably longer" than Final Fantasy II and "superior in every way" to Wizardry V and Eye of the Beholder, and concluded that "Capcom's masterpiece" has "all of the necessary elements of a top-notch RPG".

Retrospective
Retrospectively, the Super NES version maintains a 78% average score on aggregate review website GameRankings.

The game's re-release on the Game Boy Advance maintains a 76% review average on Game Rankings and a 79% on Metacritic. It debuted on the Japanese software charts as the third highest-selling game of its first week, selling 22,236 copies, and would go on to sell a total of 63,407 copies in the region by the end of 2001.

Play Magazine called the game's port job from the Super NES "flawed in execution", commenting on handheld version's high color saturation and lower sound quality. GameSpot felt that the game was overall a faithful translation of the original, but that the music sounded "tinny" when compared to its predecessor, also stating that "While it's not the best-looking or most technically impressive RPG out for the system, Breath of Fire is still a rock-solid game." IGN would also comment on the game's presentation, declaring that it was "not much more than your typical Japanese-style RPG" and that its graphics were outdone by titles developed specifically for the system, additionally lambasting its high random encounter rate and simplistic puzzles, and ultimately calling Breath of Fire "a decent diversion". Electronic Gaming Monthly took note of the conversion's shortcomings, but praised its new save feature that allowed players to stop the game at any time, declaring that "Overall, BoF exemplifies hand-held role-playing done right." Other publications such as Game Informer recommended the game to anyone who "likes RPGs", along with Nintendo Power who referred to it as an "excellent epic that still holds up". GamePro found the title to be "an enjoyable RPG that easily kills spare time" but that it was overall less involving than later games in the series, calling its narrative "lifeless".

Accolades
In 1997, Breath of Fire was ranked 82nd in Nintendo Power's list of the top 100 games released on Nintendo consoles, and in 2006, it placed 161st in the magazine's top 200. In 2002, Breath of Fire became runner-up for "Best Game Boy Advance Role-Playing Game" in IGN's Best of 2001 awards. In 2018, Complex rated Breath of Fire 27th on their "The Best Super Nintendo Games of All Time". IGN ranked the game 43rd in its Top 100 SNES Games.

Legacy
Breath of Fire influenced two officially licensed manga which were first serialized in Japanese magazines. The first, Breath of Fire: Ryū no Senshi by Hiroshi Yakumo, is a re-telling of the events of the video game which was first published in Family Computer Magazine before being released as a two-volume collection by Tokuma Shoten. The manga embellishes on certain parts of the plot while omitting others entirely, and introduces new characters such as Bo's son Dele. The second, Breath of Fire: Tsubasa no Oujo (ブレス オブ ファイア -翼の王女-, lit. Breath of Fire: Princess of the Wings) by Kouji Hayato, takes place after the events of the game and focuses on the relationship between Ryu and Nina, and first appeared in Monthly Shōnen Jump before also being released in a two-volume compilation by Shueisha Jump Comics. Hayato followed up the manga with a side-story called Breath of Fire Part II: Chiisana Boukensha (ブレスオブファイア PART2 ~小さな冒険者~, lit. Breath of Fire Part 2: Little Adventurers), which featured the adventures of Ryu and Bo's sons, which was later released as its own single volume.

title: Breath of Fire (video game)


text:
John Rankin Franklin

John Rankin Franklin (May 6, 1820 – January 11, 1878) was a Congressional Representative for the U.S. state of Maryland. He also served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1843 and as Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1849.

Early life
John Rankin Franklin was born in Worcester County, Maryland, and graduated from Jefferson College in 1836. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1841.

Career
Franklin opened a law practice in Snow Hill, Maryland. He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Worcester County, in 1843, and served as president of the Maryland State Board of Public Works in 1851. He was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-third Congress, and served the 1st Congressional district of Maryland from March 4, 1853, until March 3, 1855. He again became a member of the Maryland House of Delegates and served as the Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1849. Franklin was a judge of the first judicial circuit of Maryland from 1867 until his death.

Personal life
His daughter Sarah E. married George M. Upshur. Her son Franklin Upshur was an assistant state's attorney.

Franklin died on January 11, 1878, in Snow Hill. He is buried in the churchyard of Makemie Memorial Presbyterian Church in Snow Hill.

title: John Rankin Franklin


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Euralair

Euralair was a charter airline based in France. Euralair was founded in 1964 as an air-taxi and executive charter company. In 1966 it became charter airline and operated its first charter flights in 1968 when it received the first Fokker F-27 (F-BRHL) on November 11, 1968, and the second (F-BRQL) on October 15, 1969; the last one sold to the Swiss company Belair (as HB-AAZ) in June 1973. In order to develop its charter activity, in November 1971 Euralair bought from Austrian Airline the first Sud Aviation Caravelle VIR (F-BSEL) and in 1973 the second (F-BTDL).

title: Euralair


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George Fisher Baker

George Fisher Baker (March 27, 1840 – May 2, 1931) was an American financier and philanthropist. Known as the "Dean of American Banking", he was also known for his taciturnity. Baker made a fortune after the Civil War in railroads and banking, and at his death was estimated to be the third-richest man in the United States, after Henry Ford and John D. Rockefeller.

Early life
Baker was born in Troy, New York, to Eveline Stevens Baker and George Ellis Baker, a shoe-store owner who was elected in 1850 on the Whig ticket to the New York State Assembly. At 14, young George entered the S.S. Seward Institute in Florida, New York, where he studied geography, bookkeeping, history, and algebra. At 16, he was hired as a junior clerk in the New York State Banking Department.

Baker did not attend university, but instead enlisted in the 18th Regiment of the Massachusetts Volunteers at the start of the U.S. Civil War, and achieved the ranks of first lieutenant and adjutant.

Career
In 1863, Baker, along with his mentor, John Thompson, and Thompson's sons Frederick Ferris Thompson and Samuel C. Thompson, co-founded the First National Bank of the City of New York. The first national bank to be chartered in New York City under the National Currency Act of 1863, it became a forerunner of today's Citibank, N.A.

Baker became First National's president at age 37, on September 1, 1877. His 20,000 shares were worth about $20 million ($0 today). He retired as president in 1909, and became chairman of the board. He was succeeded in the presidency by Francis L. Hine, the former vice president of the bank.

An avid investor, he held interests in many corporations and was the largest stockholder in the Central Railroad of New Jersey. He was a director in 22 corporations, which with their subsidiaries had aggregate resources of $7.27 billion. He was the largest individual owner of U.S. Steel stock; in the early 1920s, his shares were worth some $5,965,000 (equivalent to around $83,245,000 in 2017 dollars), according to a May 4, 1924, article in Time.

Media depiction
The April 14, 1924, edition of Time said of Baker: "True, he is twice as rich as the original J.P. Morgan, having a fortune estimated at 200 millions. True, at the age of 84 when he has retired from many directorates, he dominates half a dozen railroads, several banks, scores of industrial concerns."

Baker was "closely associated with" Morgan, the late 19th-century and early 20th-century U.S. robber-baron, monopolist, and Wall Street banker "in his manifold enterprises", according to Richard Boyer and Herbert Morais's 1955 book, Labor's Untold Story. The book notes that "Morgan and associates organized super-trusts in steel (U.S. Steel), shipping (International Mercantile Marine), and agricultural machinery (International Harvester);" and it also "had its hands in other fields—the railroads (where...some 30,000 miles of railway were controlled), anthracite coal (where from two-thirds to three-quarters of the entire shipment was in Morgan hands)." Other Morgan monopolies included electrical machinery (General Electric), communications (AT&T, Western Union), traction companies (IRT in New York, Hudson & Manhattan), and insurance (Equitable Life).

In 1934, Time called him "the richest, most powerful and most taciturn commercial banker in U. S. history", while an article in Newsweek described him as one of the most imposing figures in banking history.

In the November 1994 issue of Worth magazine, James Grant, editor of the financial newsletter Grant's Interest Rate Observer, calls Baker a hidebound turn-of-the-century banker who always got his loans repaid.

Baker was famously silent in public, never commenting on events or giving interviews, until 1922, at age 82, when he gave his first newspaper interview. Thereafter, he spoke occasionally at luncheons and gatherings.

Businesses
The following is a list of businesses in which Baker held a controlling or otherwise significant interest during his lifetime.

 * Astor National Bank
 * AT&T Corporation
 * Bankers Trust
 * Central Railroad of New Jersey
 * Chase National Bank
 * Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad
 * Erie Railroad
 * First National Bank of New York
 * Great Northern Railroad
 * Lehigh Valley Railroad
 * Manhattan Company
 * Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York
 * National Bank of Commerce in New York
 * New York Central Railroad
 * New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad
 * Northern Pacific Railroad
 * Reading Railroad
 * Richmond & Danville Railroad
 * Rock Island Line
 * Southern Railway
 * U.S. Steel

Personal life
In 1869, Baker was married to Florence Tucker Baker, a daughter of Benjamin Franklin Baker and Sophronia J. (nee Whitney) Baker. Together, they were the parents of:

 * Evelyn Baker (1870–1936), who married Howard Bligh St. George in 1891.
 * Florence Bellows Baker (1876–1936), who married William Goadby Loew.
 * George Fisher Baker Jr. (1878–1937), who married Edith Brevoort Kane. Their daughter Elizabeth married John M. Schiff of Kuhn, Loeb & Co. and their son, George F. Baker III married Frances Drexel Munn, a daughter of Mary Astor Paul and member of the Drexel banking family.

He was a member of the Jekyll Island Club (aka The Millionaires Club) on Jekyll Island, Georgia. He was also a member of the New York Yacht Club, having been elected in 1895.

Baker died in New York City on May 2, 1931.

Properties
Baker lived on Madison Avenue in New York City, and maintained a summer property on Jekyll Island near Brunswick, Georgia, and had an estate in Tuxedo Park, New York.

Top Hat LeBaron Pierce-Arrow
In 1929, Baker commissioned the construction of a unique Pierce-Arrow town car for the wedding of his daughter. Built by LeBaron, the car's roof line was 5 inches taller than standard models so Baker could keep his top hat on. Trim lining in the rear compartment is made of 24-carat gold, as are perfume dispensers and an intercom.

Philanthropy
Baker provided much of the initial funding for Harvard Business School with a 1924 grant of $5 million, for which Harvard gave him an honorary doctorate and named the library after him.

In 1922, Baker established a $1 million dollar endowment fund for the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Baker had been a member of the museum board since 1909.

Baker donated $2 million to Cornell University for the construction of the Baker Laboratory of Chemistry, as well as Baker dormitories, and he endowed the Baker Lecture Series, the oldest continuous lectureship in chemistry in the United States.

He made other large donations to charitable causes throughout New York City and funded the construction of Baker Field, Columbia University's primary athletic facility. He provided $2 million for Baker Memorial Library at Dartmouth College.

title: George Fisher Baker


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Samuel Hubbard

Samuel Hubbard may refer to:
 * Samuel Birdsey Hubbard (1833–1903), American businessman
 * Samuel Decius Hubbard (1833–1910), Wisconsin legislator
 * Samuel Dickinson Hubbard (1799–1855), Connecticut congressman and United States Postmaster General
 * Samuel H. Hubbard, American college basketball and football coach
 * Samuel T. Hubbard Jr. (1884–1962), cotton industry executive and military intelligence officer
 * Samuel Hubbard (Massachusetts judge) (died 1847), judge on the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court

title: Samuel Hubbard


text:
George F. Baker

George F. Baker may refer to:
 * George Fisher Baker (1840–1931) American financier and philanthropist
 * George Baker (baseball) (1857–1915), American baseball player

title: George F. Baker


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Vila Franca do Campo

Vila Franca do Campo is a town and municipality in the southern part of the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese Autonomous Region of the Azores. The population of the municipality was 11,229 in 2011, in an area of 77.97 km². The town proper, which incorporates the urbanized parishes São Miguel and São Pedro, has 4100 inhabitants.

History
Vila Franca do Campo displays its municipal motto, Quis sicut deus?, on its flag and on its coat-of-arms. This Latin phrase means "Who is like God?" It is a reference to St. Michael the Archangel for whom the island of São Miguel is named; in Hebrew, the name, Michael, means "he who is like God".

Founded in the middle of the 15th century by Gonçalo Vaz Botelho, the settlement was elevated to the status of vila (town) in 1472; Vila Franca do Campo quickly grew into the largest settlement and administrative seat of the island of São Miguel.

The greatest tragedy to befall the Azores occurred on 20 October 1522, when a violent earthquake hit the area of Vila Franca do Campo, then the capital of the archipelago and most important Azorean settlement. During the earthquake and subsequent landslide, 5000 people were killed, with then Captain-Donatário Rui Gonçalves da Câmara II escaping the tragedy: he was relaxing in his summer home in Lagoa at the time of the tragedy. Many of the residents were buried alive from a landslide and debris. Because of its destruction, the capital of São Miguel was transferred to Ponta Delgada, where the Captain-Donatário installed his administration in a residence near the Church of São Pedro. King John III eventually elevated Ponta Delgada to the status of city on 2 April 1546, attracting more and more economic activity and settlement.

In the sequel of the 1582 naval battle off the coast of São Miguel, the Spanish victors had several hundred French and Portuguese prisoners executed in the town.

The town began to prosper again from the 18th century onwards from orange plantations, and later, from pineapple production.

Geography
Vila Franca do Campo Municipality is located east of Ponta Delgada via the Regional E.R.1-1ª roadway, while it is linked by mountain roads to the eastern and northern communities (including Lagoa, Furnas and Povoação). Most of the mountainous areas of the municipality are forested, and interspersed with pasturelands and fields dedicated to agriculture and grazing.

The climate in this region is mild and humid, with temperatures oscillating between 14 C and 22 C, and with regular precipitation, responsible for the fertile soils and ravines. These ravines that cross the municipality include the Ribeira da s Três Voltas, Ribeira da Praia and Ribeira da Mãe d'Água.

The relief of this region is characterized by basaltic rock and projectiles from volcanic activities on the island, forming many of the distinctive geomorphological structures, such as: the islet of Vila Franca, Pico d'El-Rei (674 m), Monte Escuro (890 m), Lombados Pisões (258 m), Miradouro (685 m), Lagoa do Fogo and Ponta da Pirâmide.

Administratively, the six parishes of Vila Franca do Campo Municipality include:

 * Água de Alto, the 1624 resident population (2001 Census), located on the western border of the municipality is known for the beaches and coves that hug the coast; initially a settlement of thirty homes in the 15th century, it was a locality within the civil parish of São Pedro until 1908, when it was deannexed from the local administrative authority and incorporated;
 * Ponta Garça, the largest within Vila Franca, and longest by extension in the Azores, Ponta Garça includes a population of 3577 inhabitants located along a lateral roadway that hugs the clifftops of the south-central region to the small fajãs/beaches of Povoação;
 * Ribeira das Tainhas, with 782 residents, the smallest parish in the area, it was historically an agricultural centre involved in the cultivation and exportation of oranges and wine, through the Porto de Calhau de Areia;
 * Ribeira Seca
 * São Miguel
 * São Pedro

Civic

 * Lighthouse of Ponta Garça (Farol de Ponta Garça), the 20th century lighthouse includes a single circular tower and main block, similar to other modernist structures of this type, such as the lighthouses of Ponte do Cintrão (Ribeira Grande) and Ponta dos Rosais (Rosais)

Religious

 * Church of Bom Jesus da Pedra (Igreja e hospital da Misericórdia de Vila Franca do Campo/Igreja do Espírito Santo/Igreja do Bom Jesus da Pedra), the hospital was instituted in 1483, after Isabel Gonçalves (widow of Afonso Gonçalves), donated the home in which she lived (after her heirs refused the home and were disinherited). After 1552 the building was already referred to as a possession of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia, where a chapel/church was part of the building. Over the intervening years the church evolved into a complex three nave structure, decorated in the Manueline style with ornate frontispiece and doorways.
 * Church of Bom Jesus Menino (Igreja Paroquial de Ribeira das Taínhas/Igreja do Bom Jesus Menino), the simple church, includes a plain facade with an oculus over the doorway;
 * Church of São João Baptista (Ermida de São João Baptista/Igreja de São João Baptista)
 * Church of São Lazaro (Igreja Paroquial de Água de Alto/Igreja de São Lázaro), the three-story 18th-century church is secluded in the upper roads of Água de Alto, first referenced in the testament of João Afonso, of Grotas Fundas in 1511;
 * Church of São Miguel Arcanjo (Igreja Matriz de Vila Franca do Campo/Igreja de São Miguel Arcanjo), often confused as the Church of Nossa Senhora da Pedra, the 15th century church is one of the oldest in the Azores, with unpainted brick facade and orante interior that includes 16th century organ, gilded and azulejo-decorated chancel;
 * Church of Nossa Senhora da Piedade (Igreja Paroquial de Ponta Garça/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Piedade), the 3-story simple Manuelinesque church developed from the construction of a small temple in 1530, through the initiative of Lopo Anes de Araújo, son in law of Rui Vaz, in a letter dated 15 January 1696;
 * Convent of São Francisco (Convento de São Francisco), the convent of Saint Francis of Assisi was reconstructed following the 1522 earthquake to house religious sisters, but following several social convulsions, in the late 20th century it was readapted as local tourist lodging;
 * Hermitage of Mãe de Deus (Ermida da Mãe de Deus), the small ornate hermitage was donated to the municipal council of Vila Franca in 1984 by Inácio de Melo and his family, and includes several Manueline-style flourishes in the portico and bell-tower;
 * Hermitage of Nossa Senhora da Paz (Ermida de Nossa Senhora da Paz), the simple hermitage was elaborated into an important scenic attraction with the construction in 1967 of a staircase to represent Pais Nossos dos Mistérios Gozosos e Dolorosos (Our Father and Joyful/Sorrowful Mysteries) prayer, separated into ten flights to symbolize the Ave Maria prayer;
 * Hermitage of Santa Catarina (Ermida de Santa Catarina), located on the coastal street connecting the lower town to the fishing port (and identifiable for the statue of Henry the Navigator located in its square), the 16th century Mannerist hermitage (today dedicated to the fisherman) was first identified by Nuno Gonçalves in 1504;
 * Hermitage of Santo Amaro (Ermida de Santo Amaro), the historian/priest Gaspar Frutuoso referred to the existence of this hermitage in the area of Relva in Vila Franca, which became the seat of a religious brotherhood, located at the doorstep of Miguel da Grã's farm;
 * Hermitage of São João Baptista (Ermida de São João Baptista/Igreja de São João Baptista), this hermitage is located on the town's outskirts on a hilltop in the direction of Furnas; a 16th-century chapel, it is simple with an interior niche displaying the image of John the Baptist which is popular displayed during annual festivals;

Notable people

 * Bento de Góis (1562 in Vila Franca do Campo – 1607) a Jesuit brother, missionary and explorer; the first known European to travel overland from India to China, via current day Afghanistan and the Pamir Mountains.
 * Armando Fontes (born in 1958 in Vila Franca do Campo) a former footballer with 166 club caps

title: Vila Franca do Campo


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Talk:Pygmalion

I think that often the very thing that someone hates or doesn't care for is the very thing that they either fall in love with, become, or become extremely obsessed with. The same thing applied to Pygmalion with him not caring for females but then he falls in love with this sculpture that he has been working on for quite sometimes. In him loving her she becomes real and everyone knows what else happens.

I suggest that Shaw's play is now the primary meaning. PatGallacher (talk) 21:42, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pygmalion


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Palace Theatre, Manchester

The Palace Theatre is one of the main theatres in Manchester, England. It is situated on Oxford Street, on the north-east corner of the intersection with Whitworth Street. The Palace and its sister theatre the Opera House on Quay Street are operated by the same parent company, Ambassador Theatre Group. The original capacity of 3,675 has been reduced to its current 1,955.

History
The theatre, originally known as "the Grand Old Lady of Oxford Street", opened on 18 May 1891, having been designed by the architect Alfred Darbyshire at a cost of £40,500. The Palace Theatre was redecorated and altered in 1896 to the designs of the renowned theatre architect Frank Matcham, and he again worked on some improvements to the theatre in 1899, when he was commissioned to put in a pass door so that the manager did not have to go outside in the rain and snow to reach backstage, and at the same time he also proposed to carry out some minor alterations and to redecorate the theatre. The interior of the theatre was renovated by Bertie Crewe in 1913; the renovation took seven months and the theatre reopened with a reduced seating capacity of 2,600. In September 1940, the theatre took a direct hit from a German bomb during the Manchester Blitz.

In the 1970s, audience numbers declined, as they did in many live venues, and the theatre was threatened with closure. The Arts Council supported it in the 1980s, and after major internal refurbishment and an enlarged stage facility, it was run by a charitable trust, Norwest Holdings. It was subsequently sold to Ambassador Theatre Group in 2009. In March 2020, the theatre acquired Charitable Incorporated Organisation (CIO) status along with the Opera House.

It is one of the largest and best equipped theatres outside London. It hosts major touring musicals often with major celebrities and performances of opera and ballet, along with various other comedy acts and one night concerts.

Royal Opera House, Manchester
In 2008, the Royal Opera House and Manchester City Council began planning a new development known as Royal Opera House, Manchester. The proposal would have seen the Palace Theatre refurbished, to create a theatre capable of staging productions by both the Royal Ballet and Royal Opera. It was intended that the Royal Opera House would take residence of the theatre for an annual 18-week season, staging 16 performances by the Royal Opera, 28 performances by the Royal Ballet and other small-scale productions. A year later, The Lowry sent an open letter to the then Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport, Ben Bradshaw, Arts Council England, Manchester City Council and the ROH, calling for the scheme in its current form to be scrapped, but the two venues reached an amicable settlement later the same year. In 2010 it was announced that the project was being shelved as part of larger arts-funding cuts.

Productions
The opening presentation, to a capacity audience, was the ballet Cleopatra; however its initial presentations failed to gain popular support and for several years it struggled to make a profit. Only when it broadened its scope to include more popular performers was it a resounding success. During the early part of the 20th century it came into its own, with artists such as Danny Kaye, Gracie Fields, Charles Laughton, Judy Garland, Noël Coward and Laurel and Hardy making appearances.

Continuing a long tradition of tour openings in Manchester, the hit Broadway and West End musical The Producers opened at the theatre in February 2007 for a run until May, when it continued on tour around the UK. Peter Kay starred as Roger Debris for the Manchester dates.

Other shows to have played successful seasons at the Palace Theatre include the regional premiere of Les Misérables, which ran for 13 months from 1992 to 1993, the regional premiere of Miss Saigon in 2001, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang in 2006, and Mamma Mia! over the 2006/07 Christmas season. Broadway musical The Wedding Singer had its UK premiere at the theatre in 2008, and in December 2008 to March 2009 the theatre hosted a season of the UK tour of Mary Poppins, one of only six theatres in the country to accommodate the tour, both events further cementing the theatre's reputation as the flagship venue of the North of England. In July 2009, during the Manchester International Festival, the theatre, in association with Opera North, staged the world première of Rufus Wainwright's opera Prima Donna.

In the summer of 2019, The Book of Mormon UK tour opened at the Palace Theatre, marking the first time the show had been performed in the UK outside of London's West End. The show opened on 6 June 2019, and ran until 24 August.

On 11 November 2023, the first UK and Ireland tour of Hamilton opened at the Palace Theatre for a 15-week season until 24 February 2024.

title: Palace Theatre, Manchester


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The Early Years (Phil Ochs album)

The Early Years is a compilation of seven recordings Phil Ochs made for a Vanguard compilation in 1964 and twelve made at three Newport Folk Festivals in 1963, 1964, and 1966, the latter tracks previously released on the 1996 compilation Live at Newport.

Of the seven studio tracks, only five had actually been released by Vanguard on the compilation The Original New Folks, Vol. 2, "How Long" and "Davey Moore" making their debut here. They are all in the vein of Ochs' first two albums, with their focus on human and civil rights stories seemingly pulled from Newsweek. The seminal "There But For Fortune" made its debut here.

Track listing
All songs by Phil Ochs.
 * 1) "William Moore" – 3:08
 * 2) "What Are You Fighting For?" – 2:47
 * 3) "There But for Fortune"– 2:15
 * 4) "Paul Crump" – 3:18
 * 5) "Talking Airplane Disaster" – 3:47
 * 6) "How Long" – 3:08
 * 7) "Davey Moore" – 3:03
 * 8) "Introduction by Peter Yarrow" – 0:56
 * 9) "The Ballad of Medgar Evers" – 2:44
 * 10) "Talking Birmingham Jam" – 3:22
 * 11) "The Power and the Glory" – 2:11
 * 12) "Draft Dodger Rag" – 2:21
 * 13) "I Ain't Marching Anymore" – 2:36
 * 14) "Links on the Chain" – 5:05
 * 15) "Talkin' Vietnam" – 3:42
 * 16) "Cross My Heart" – 4:44
 * 17) "Half a Century High" – 7:06
 * 18) "Is There Anybody Here" – 3:11
 * 19) "The Party" – 8:11
 * 20) "Pleasures of the Harbor" – 6:25

Personnel

 * Phil Ochs – guitar, vocals
 * Tom Vickers – reissue producer

title: The Early Years (Phil Ochs album)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Thompson

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS.

I count ten keeps, two merges, nine deletes, two ambiguous, and an abstention. Contributors are reminded to explain their reasoning, even if they think it obvious. Absent a consensus to delete, the article is kept. —Korath (Talk) 15:36, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Michael Thompson
This article stub reads: "Michael Thompson is a Toronto city councillor. [...] He has a BA in Economics from Concordia University." 400 google hits. Does being a councillor in a city the size of Toronto (pop. 2.5mil) make one inherently notable and worthy of inclusion Wikipedia? GRider\talk 22:34, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * On general principles, yes. It'd be nice if there could be some expansion. Keep Lacrimosus 22:49, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm going to go with delete. Mayors of major cities are notable, but not everyone on any governing council. I suppose we'll have the city councillors for Glenville, New York too? Even if this article is expanded it'd likely be mundane boring information about how many kids he has and where he grew up. Maybe throw him onto a list of some sort, like with Chicago aldermen. -R. fiend 23:59, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Second that motion. Delete as per R.Fiend. Radiant! 12:21, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Er, that's a bit of a specious comparison.  Toronto is a city of three million people; Glenville has thirty thousand.  Several of its streets are notable enough for articles (Yonge Street, for instance).  That said, I do believe that city councillors need to have something besides their office to give them notability.  Involvement in major policy or controversy, extremely long service, etc.  Delete. (unsigned by TenOfAllTrades )
 * I realize it's not a perfect comparison; my point was where do you draw the line? At least with mayors you can make a pretty good claim that major city mayors are notable outside of their cities, certianly Guilliani, Bloomberg, Barry, Daly, etc. are, and you can argue that if a mayor isn't known outside his vicinity then he shouldn't have his own article. But councillors are never known outside of their city (perhaps there are a few exceptions), so we can't use the same criterion, or, if we do then we don't include any, which is I guess what I'm proposing. Maybe put them on a list. -R. fiend 17:12, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable enough. Megan1967 00:24, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, large-city councillors are notable. Meelar (talk) 02:17, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * No vote, but this raises an interesting issue. Where do we find the bottom line as far as city size goes for something like this to descend into unnotability? BenSamples 04:43, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This is arbitrary, of course, but how about this: if the city itself warrants more than one article, then the major may be notable enough to get his own. If not, mention him on the city page (unless he is notable for some other reason). Radiant! 12:21, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to a list. There's nothing interesting here but the fact he's on the council for ward 3.  Make a list under a government of Toronto article.  Then, any councillors actually notable for something more can have articles wikilinked from there. Wolfman 05:04, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed (although I should point out that his article is linked from just such a list at Toronto City Council). Linking to such a list seems to be a standard part of Canadian provincial capital's info boxes. Most, like Edmonton City Council, have the sense to not automatically link all the names. For an encyclopedia intended to cover the entire universe for all of time, people who spent a few years as a city councillor/councilperson I believe are not inherently notable. Niteowlneils 19:52, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep --Spinboy 20:19, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep- SimonP 22:34, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Councillors are worthy of aticles. Earl Andrew 23:55, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Toronto councillors play a significant role in Canadian politics.  CJCurrie 00:45, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I've created a Toronto community at Wikicities. If the general consensus on city councillors is that they're not notable enough for Wikipedia, then advise me before any change is made so I can transwiki. Note precedent may be set by Chicago aldermen also currently under VfD. Bearcat 01:04, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. ComCat 02:47, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. No reason to delete it. --Andylkl 11:25, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment City councillors are not worthy articles if they do not establish notability. Did he do anything notable? If not, I go with delete (Imagine if I coulda create articles for each city counsillor in Canada...) Ana Jessica 16:54, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless he has done something over and above serving in local politics. Rossami (talk) 04:23, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - David Gerard 23:54, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. See criteria for inclusion of biographies. --Pjacobi 00:55, 2005 Feb 21 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable enough. &mdash Linnwood 07:26, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand Let's give this one a chance to grow. Thompson is an up-and-coming guy. Likely to be around for a while and do bigger things.Kevintoronto 23:35, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wikipedia is not paper. City councillors are notable enough, especially for large cities. --Deathphoenix 04:48, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page..