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Kull the Conqueror

Kull the Conqueror is a 1997 fantasy film about the Robert E. Howard character Kull starring Kevin Sorbo and directed by John Nicolella (his final film before his death the following year). It is a film adaptation of Howard's Conan novel The Hour of the Dragon, with the protagonist changed to the author's other barbarian hero Kull. The storyline also bears similarities to two other Howard stories, the Kull story "By This Axe I Rule!" and the Conan story "The Phoenix on the Sword", which was a rewritten version of "By This Axe I Rule!"

The film was originally intended to be the third Conan film, Conan the Conqueror but Arnold Schwarzenegger declined to reprise the role as Conan. Sorbo was reluctant to redo a character already played, so the character was changed to Kull. Screenwriter Charles Edward Pogue has stated that he was extremely displeased with this film, feeling that his script was ruined by studio interference.

Plot
Kull battles for the right to join Valusia's elite Dragon Legion until being told by General Taligaro that as a barbarian from Atlantis, he will never be allowed to join a legion of 'noble blood'. Taligaro then learns that the Valusian King Borna has gone mad and is slaughtering his heirs, riding to Valusia with Kull following. The confrontation that follows ends with Kull mortally wounding Borna, who with his last breath names Kull his successor, to the dismay of Taligaro and most of the assembled nobles. Soon after, Kull meets his harem and recognizes one of them, Zareta, as a fortuneteller he once encountered, who also foretold his kingship. Kull summons her to his chambers, where she reads the cards and tells him that the fate of his kingdom would depend on a kiss. Kull then attempts to sleep with Zareta, but he dismisses her when she reminds him that she is a slave and acts when commanded.

The next day, Kull attempts to free his slaves, but finds that his rulings are hampered by the stone tablets detailing the laws of Valusia. Taligaro and his cousin secretly attempt to assassinate Kull during his coronation, but fail. Taligaro and his conspirators are summoned the following night by the necromancer Enaros, who offers to aid them by resurrecting Akivasha, the Sorceress Queen of the ancient Acheron Empire, which the god Valka destroyed ages before Valusia was built on its remains. Using Taligaro's group to suit her ends to gain power and restore Acheron, Akivasha uses her magic to enchant Kull and become his queen. Akivasha then places Kull in a deathlike slumber, framing Zareta of "regicide" while taking Kull to her temple to keep as a plaything.

Kull escapes with the help of the Valkan priest Ascalante, Zareta's brother. The pair free Zareta and the trio head north via the ship of Kull's untrusting associate Juba, in the hope of obtaining the Breath of Valka, the only weapon that can stop Akivasha from regaining her full power. Realizing what they are up to, Akivasha sends Taligaro after them; he catches them just as Zareta obtains the Breath, mortally wounding Ascalante and leaving Kull to die. Taligaro reveals his intent to use Zareta to betray Akivasha and take the Topaz Throne. On the day of the solar eclipse, Kull returns to Valusia as Akivasha gradually begins assuming her true demonic form, easily thwarting Taligaro's attempt to kill her with Zareta. After Kull wounds Taligaro and kills Enaros, Zareta kisses Kull and passes the Breath of Valka to him, who kisses the now-fully demonic Akivasha to transmit Valka's Breath and extinguish her flame forever. Kull proceeds to kill Taligaro when he attempts to take Zareta hostage, removing the last opposition to his rule.

After being reinstated as king by the now more amenable nobles, Kull names Zareta his queen, then uses his axe to destroy the Tablets of the Law, abolishing slavery in Valusia and allowing it to be reborn as a kingdom of honor rather than tradition.

Reception
The film received mostly negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 25%, based on 20 reviews, with an average rating of 4/10.

Marc Savlov of the Austin Chronicle gave it 1 out of 5 and wrote that the "fight sequences are a boring blur, and the effects seem to have come straight out of the old Land of the Lost, sans dinosaurs. It's all pretty much of a muddle, and one that neither Sorbo's good looks nor Fierstein's wry wit can save." James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave it 1 out of 4. He says it is "a really bad movie" but says there is some "guilty pleasure to be had from watching something this inane". He credits director John Nicolella with making the best of bad material and concludes "It's been a while since I had this much fun at a one-star movie."

Box office
The film debuted at No. 9 in its opening weekend, earning $3.5 million from 2,091 theaters. It grossed $6.1 million in the US.

title: Kull the Conqueror


text: Category:Fauna of Singapore

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Fauna of Singapore


text:
Talk:Dan Hoerner

Untitled
I now know that what I had here before was factually innaccurate. Gringo300 (talk) 12:04, 10 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I suggest you relax. The facts in this article are not under dispute. Your argument here is nonsense. Despite the distinctive sound, the former bands, which had no large following, are side notes to SDRE. The information needs to be noted as part of the history and no further expansion is necessary. Mopenstein (talk) 17:04, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dan Hoerner


text: User talk:195.46.250.121

title: User talk:195.46.250.121


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Tripalium

Tripalium or trepalium (derived from the Latin roots, "tri- / tres" and "pālus" – literally, "three stakes") is a Latin term believed to name a torture instrument consisting of "three stakes" (based on its literal meaning), and commonly thought to be the source for several common modern words.

Historical background
The original usage of tripalium is still unclear. Its meaning is mainly inferred from interpretations of "three stakes". The earliest references from the ancient Roman era use the term to describe a wooden structure designed to securely immobilize a large "fiery animal" (horse, oxen, cow) during examination or care. In addition to livestock animals, violent men and women who were thought to behave like a fiery bull had their arms and legs tied down to a tripallium. In Cicero's In Verrem ("Against Verres"), in 70 BCE, and in a later 582 CE text, the Council of Auxerre, tripalium is used in the context of forbidding clerics to assist torture sessions, and is described as an instrument involving three stakes used to punish only slaves. The subject would be tied to the tripalium and tortured (i.e., burnt).

Historical records concerning the torture in the ancient Roman empire give many famous cases where it was applied and discussions of its legality, but they rarely indicate the means of torture and do not make references to impalement.

The transition from tripalium to the French technical word travail occurred in the 13th century. Travail is still used in France to describe a wooden structure used by farriers for horse care. With the evolution of the French language, Tripalium could have potentially diverged into the following variants: "traveil"; "traval"; or "traveaul". Furthermore, in the Middle Ages, tripalium described either a structure consisting of a framework of wooden beams called Trabicula, or an individual beam in the structure. These trabiculae are the direct source of architecture unique to the city of Lyon, called the Traboules – transverse structures for accessing apartments.

Modern words derived from tripalium
With the exception of the English word and the Italian word, the majority of scholars claim that all of the words in the table above mean "work". However, this theory has been contested by a small minority

title: Tripalium


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Category:Flora of Singapore

This category contains articles related to the native flora of Singapore. Taxa of the lowest rank are always included. Higher taxa are included only if endemic.

In accordance with the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD), it is included within the larger region of Malaya in.

title: Category:Flora of Singapore


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USS Duncan (DD-46)

The first USS Duncan (DD-46) was a Cassin-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I. She was named for Commander Silas Duncan.

Duncan was launched on 5 April 1913 by Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, Massachusetts; sponsored by Miss D. Clark; and commissioned on 30 August 1913.

World War I
Duncan sailed along the East Coast and in the Caribbean for training, target practice, and exercises until 24 October 1914, when she was placed out of commission at Boston, Massachusetts. Recommissioned on 22 January 1916, she sailed out of Hampton Roads and Newport, Rhode Island for Neutrality Patrol and exercises in the Caribbean, protecting battleships in fleet maneuvers, and guarding the entrance to the York River. From 8–30 September 1917, she escorted a convoy to an eastern rendezvous, where an escort out of England met the ships.

Sailing for New York on 30 October, Duncan escorted a convoy to Brest, France, arriving at Queenstown, Ireland, on 15 November to escort convoys and hunt submarines in the Irish Sea. On 17 July 1918, Duncan rescued from a small boat the survivors of the Norwegian bark Miefield and on 9 October, when one of her sisters, USS Shaw (DD-68) collided with RMS Aquitania, Duncan took off 84 of her crew, 12 of them wounded, and stood by while Shaw's remaining men took their ship into the Isle of Portland, England, under her own power.

Inter-war period
Remaining in European waters after the war, Duncan joined in escorting SS George Washington, bearing President Woodrow Wilson, into Brest on 13 December. She cleared Queenstown on 26 December for the Azores, Bermuda, and Norfolk, Virginia, arriving on 12 January 1919.

After five months of East Coast and Caribbean operations, she was placed in ordinary at Norfolk on 31 May; in reduced commission on 1 January 1920; in reserve on 1 August; assigned to operate with 50% of her complement on 1 January 1921; and decommissioned on 9 August. She was scrapped on 8 March 1935 in accordance with the terms of the London Naval Treaty.

title: USS Duncan (DD-46)


text:
Talk:Punch-Drunk Love

References to use

 * Please add to the list references that can be used for the film article.

What Sandler is really like
It is said that Barry Eagan is actually a more extreme version of what Adam Sandler is in real life. If you think to other Sandler films, he sometimes goes crazy for a short busy (Think in weadding singer "while I have the microphone YOU WILL LISTEN TO EVERY GODDAMN WORD I'VE GOT TO SAY), or happy gilmm ore going crazy on people when he gets annoyed. Maybe somone can confirm this and I can add it? Kicken18 21:23, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Trivia entry
"During the scene where Barry is at the supermarket looking for the cheapest Healthy Choice food item, he is being followed by an out-of-focus character in a red outfit. It's Emily Watson's character, before they've been introduced." I could have sworn I read an interview somewhere with the director who stated for certain that the out-of-focus character was NOT Emily Watson's character. Can't for the life of me remember where, so I went to IMDB and noticed that the trivia section there is, in some places, verbatim to the trivia section here, and IMDB is not particularly well-known for constantly reliable facts. Can anyone confirm that the above trivia entry is correct? Sidasta 12:04, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Fancruft Galore!
This article reads as if someone took down every mildly interesting thing said on the director's commentary:

The scene in which Egan first goes through the supermarket is composed as an homage to Andreas Gursky's photograph "99 cent". Anderson originally wanted John C. Reilly to be cast as one of the four blond brothers. Punch-Drunk Love is actor Bill Nighy's favorite film.

Okay, I took all those examples from the Trivia section, but the bit about fixing the harmonium with duct tape to go on tour with Aimee Mann isn't really notable either.

--63.25.25.172 11:41, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Curious...
What mental disorder does the character have? (that's what I came to the article wondering, anyway) -75.165.209.121 16:52, 11 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I'm surprised that it's not mentioned in the article too. It's been a really long time since I saw the film last, but I seem to remember thinking it most resembled Asperger's Syndrome at the time.  Maybe someone can find an interview or something to support this? WildlifeAnalysis 18:03, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Seems like Avoidant personality disorder. Robixsmash (talk) 02:49, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

oh, it's definitely Aspergers. If Anderson didn't mean the character to be Aspergan then he modelled him on a real life person who happened to have Aspergers. Guaranteed —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.156.246.68 (talk) 21:27, 26 September 2010 (UTC)

Connections to Popeye
I'm surprised nobody has discussed the film's obvious connections to the story of the animated character Popeye. I read about this in an interview with Anderson once but I don't recall where. It's mentioned in the soundtrack section but it would be worth pointing out that song was not in there by accident. Any thoughts?

Article Intro Anyone?
Shouldn't this entry be formatted into standard Wiki format for a film article? This article doesn't even have an intro/summary... It just goes straight into the plot... Someone forget something? Stevenmitchell (talk) 03:43, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * It was vandalism and I've reverted it. An article like this will almost always have a lead section and infobox, so if it doesn't, it usually means someone recently removed it. Next time you see something that isn't quite right, check the history for vandalism. - kollision (talk) 04:37, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Punch-Drunk Love


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Ford AJD-V6/PSA DT17

The AJD is a family of V6 and V8 turbodiesel engines with a clean-sheet architecture and variable valve timing developed by Ford of Europe for its then-subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover, as well as for its partner PSA Group working under the Gemini joint development and production agreement. It is called the AJD-V6 in the Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles and the DT17/DT20 by Citroën and Peugeot. The engines share the same bore/stroke ratio, with the V6 version displacing 2720 cc and the V8 version displacing 3630 cc. The V6 and the V8 were launched in 2004 and 2006 respectively. The V6 engine meets the Euro IV emissions standards. A DT20 2993 cc was added in 2009 and is based on the DT17 2720 cc. The V6 is used across many vehicles, from the Citroën C5 and C6, to the Land Rover Discovery, Range Rover, multiple cars in the Jaguar range, and also the Ford Territory and next gen Ford Ranger.

Common construction
The engine family utilises twin overhead camshafts and multi-valves, single or twin-turbochargers with an air-to-air intercooler, and innovative compacted graphite iron (CGI) block construction that leads to a low weight of 202 kg dry. Fuel supply is high-pressure common rail direct injection.

Lion V6

To improve the engine's low-speed torque range for off-roading and towing applications, the Land Rover variant utilised a large capacity single-turbocharger, rather than use the twin-turbo design; in addition the engine is fitted with a large engine driven cooling fan to support low speed, high load driving as may be encountered in desert conditions. Furthermore, the Land Rover variant of the Lion V6 includes a deeper, high capacity sump with improved baffles to maintain oil pressure at off-roading extreme angles and multi-layered seals to keep dust, mud and water at bay and different transmission bell housing bolt pattern. The Lion V6 – constructed from compacted graphite iron – is a member of the Ford Duratorq family and is produced at Ford's Dagenham engine plant; 35,000 engines were produced from April to December 2004.

The 3.0-litre design, known as the Gen III, superseded the 2.7-litre, and uses turbochargers on a series-sequential system and has an uprated common rail injection system incorporating fuel injectors with piezo crystals fitted nearer to the tip to reduce engine noise and a metering mode to reduce oversupplying fuel, decreasing fuel consumption and unused fuel temperature over the 2.7-litre model. The sequential turbocharger system utilizes the smaller of the two turbos when the engine is running at low revolutions; once the engine has reached 2,800 rpm, the larger turbocharger is also used to pressurize the intake.

Jaguar tested fitting the engine to its XK model but didn't carry the project over to production.

The 3.0-litre variants used by Land Rover feature the 2.7-litre's off-roading adaptations plus calibration of the engine's electronics to allow the use of low-quality fuels.

2.7HDi/TDV6/2.7TD
60-degree V6 engine, single- and twin-turbo diesel, 2720 cc, bore x stroke 81x88 mm, compression ratio 17.3:1 Compacted graphite iron cross bolted block High strength aluminium, DOHC with four valves per cylinder Single turbocharger or twin-turbochargers with air-to-air intercooler, electronically actuated variable geometry with transient over-boost capability, port deactivation system Siemens Common rail (CR) direct diesel injection, maximum injection pressure of 1650 bar, piezo injectors
 * Engine configuration & engine displacement
 * Cylinder block & crankcase
 * Cylinder heads & valvetrain
 * Aspiration
 * Fuel system & engine management
 * DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs
 * 140 kW, 440 Nm – Ford Territory, Land Rover Discovery 3, Range Rover Sport
 * 150 kW, 440 Nm – Citroën C5, Citroën C6, Jaguar S-Type, Jaguar XF, Jaguar XJ, Peugeot 407, Peugeot 607

 * References
 * "Ford, PSA Announce New V6 Diesel" Auto Report, 10 June 2003

3.0HDi/TDV6/SDV6
60-degree V6 engine, twin-turbo diesel, 2993 cc, bore x stroke 84x90 mm, compression ratio 16.4:1 Compacted graphite iron cross bolted block High strength aluminium, DOHC with 4 valves per cylinder Twin-turbochargers with air-to-air intercooler, electronically actuated variable geometry with transient over-boost capability, port deactivation system Bosch Common rail (CR) direct diesel injection, utilising a Bosch EDC17CP11 engine management control unit and maximum injection pressure of 2000 bar, piezo injectors
 * Engine configuration & engine displacement
 * Cylinder block & crankcase
 * Cylinder heads & valvetran
 * Aspiration
 * Fuel system & engine management
 * DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs
 * 180 kW, 450 Nm – Citroën C5, Citroën C6, Peugeot 407, Peugeot 407 Coupé
 * 180 kW, 500 Nm – Jaguar XF, Land Rover Discovery 4, Range Rover Sport
 * 190 kW, 600 Nm – Land Rover Discovery 4, Discovery 5, Range Rover Sport
 * 202 kW, 600 Nm – Jaguar XF, Jaguar XJ, Range Rover
 * 221 kW, 700 Nm – Jaguar XF, Jaguar XJ, Range Rover Velar, Jaguar F-Pace
 * 225 kW, 700 Nm – Range Rover Sport, Discovery 5

Lion V8
Built at Ford's Dagenham engine plant in Essex, the 3.6-litre V8 twin-turbo diesel engine began production in April 2006. The 4.4 L variant is built in Ford's Chihuahua Engine plant in Mexico.

Much speculation in the United States has focused on this engine as a possible Diesel entrant in the F-150 pickup truck and Expedition SUV. It was announced that the new F-150 engine was to be based on this engine and enlarged to 4.4 L, but that program was later cancelled. The Cleveland Engine plant recently began small-scale production of the exotic compacted graphite iron (CGI) used in the block's construction, leading many to expect production of the engine there. Ultimately, Ford went with the 3.0 L Lion V6 modified for US truck use, utilising a single turbocharger.

3.6 TDV8
90-degree V8 engine, twin-turbo diesel, 3630 cc, bore x stroke 81x88 mm, compression ratio 17.3:1 Compacted graphite iron cross bolted block High strength aluminium, DOHC with 4 valves per cylinder Twin-turbochargers with air-to-air intercooler, electronically actuated variable geometry with transient over-boost capability, maximum boost pressure of 1.6 bar, piezo injectors
 * Engine configuration & engine displacement
 * Cylinder block & crankcase
 * Cylinder heads & valvetrain
 * Aspiration
 * DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs
 * 200 kW, 640 Nm – Range Rover, Range Rover Sport

title: Ford AJD-V6/PSA DT17


text:
Rhode Island Route 77

Route 77 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It runs approximately 14 mi from Rhode Island Road in Little Compton to Route 24 in Tiverton.

Route description
Route 77 starts at Rhode Island Road in southern Little Compton. It runs in a northerly direction and intersects Route 179. Continuing north past Route 177, Route 77 passes through downtown Tiverton. It continues north, directly paralleling the Sakonnet River, until it reaches its northern terminus at Route 24.

History
The section of Route 77 between Route 179 and Route 177 was part of Route 126 until May 1962, which now runs through the Blackstone Valley.

title: Rhode Island Route 77


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WOIO

WOIO (channel 19) is a television station licensed to Shaker Heights, Ohio, United States, serving the Cleveland area as an affiliate of CBS. It is owned by Gray Television alongside low-power Telemundo affiliate WTCL-LD (channel 6) and Lorain-licensed CW affiliate WUAB (channel 43), the latter station transmitting over WOIO's full-power spectrum via a channel sharing agreement. WOIO, WUAB and WTCL-LD share studios on the ground floor of the Reserve Square building in Downtown Cleveland, with WOIO and WUAB sharing transmitter facilities at the West Creek Reservation in Parma.

Established in 1985, WOIO's entry into the Cleveland market was the culmination of multiple failed attempts to sign on a station on channel 19 over the course of 34 years, four different construction permits and multiple contested bids. Owned initially by a consortium controlled by Hubert B. Payne, the first Black executive at a Cleveland television station, WOIO was sold to Malrite Communications, one of the partners in the consortium, in 1986 for a capital infusion. With studios at Shaker Square, WOIO operated with a minimum of local output but boasted a unique "nineteen" identity and irreverent on-air persona, along with a program inventory of long-established reruns that appealed to a younger audience. A charter affiliate of the Fox Broadcasting Company and the over-the-air home of Cleveland Cavaliers basketball and Cleveland Browns preseason games, WOIO thrived in competition against the market's established independent WUAB despite ongoing perceptions of being a "video jukebox".

The May 1994 groupwide affiliation pact between WJW-TV owner New World Communications and Fox, along with the complex realignment of network affiliations that followed, resulted in WOIO becoming the market's new CBS affiliate, replacing WJW-TV in the role despite WOIO not having a news department. A local marketing agreement (LMA) between Malrite and WUAB owner Cannell Communications saw Malrite assume control of WUAB and using that station's existing news operation as the basis for newscasts on WOIO. Despite lofty expectations by station management, WOIO's newscasts—rebranded several times and with frequent on- and off-air turnover—remained mired in last place in nearly every timeslot into the 2000s.

Purchased by Raycom Media in 1998, veteran executive Bill Applegate was named as WOIO-WUAB's general manager in 2001. Under Applegate, WOIO's news department was relaunched as 19 Action News, featuring a populist-leaning tabloid style with multiple controversial on-air talent hires and rating stunts. While 19 Action News proved successful in some timeslots, Applegate's immediate successors dropped the tabloid motif in 2015 in favor of the more traditional Cleveland 19 News. Following Gray Television's merger with Raycom, WOIO has revived some of the elements of Action News while repositioning the station's news department for non-linear over-the-top and mobile streaming. A third station in the Gray Cleveland cluster, WTCL-LD, was added in 2022, expanding WOIO's operations to a Spanish-language audience.

Previous applicants for channel 19 in Cleveland
While WOIO's first broadcast occurred, on May 19, 1985, channel 19 in Cleveland was one of several ultra high frequency (UHF) allotments created by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1952 following a complex realignment of future channel allocations, a process that took nearly five years. The combined Cleveland–Akron–Canton market already had three very high frequency (VHF) stations: WNBK, WEWS-TV and WXEL, as well as future UHF outlet WAKR-TV in Akron. Prior to the 1952 allotment table's release, the FCC designated channel 19 as Cleveland's lone UHF allotment, which WGAR, WERE, WHK and WJW—all radio stations that unsuccessfully filed for a VHF license—jointly protested against. WHK owner United Broadcasting Company (the autonomous broadcast arm of the Forest City Publishing Company, parent of The Plain Dealer and the Cleveland News) applied with the FCC to construct a station on channel 19 on May 29, 1951, that would transmit in all-color; station president Harry K. Carpenter called the application a "new era" for WHK, the first commercially licensed radio station in Ohio. WJW also filed a bid for channel 19 but withdrew after determining it would not be economically feasible; WJW owner William O'Neill remarked, "I think I'd rather stay in the radio business and make a little money than go bankrupt with radio and TV." A construction permit was awarded to WHK on December 3, 1953, six months after WERE owner Cleveland Broadcasting was awarded a permit for a station on channel 65. WHK management aimed to sign on WHK-TV from their Euclid Ave. facilities, converted from a movie theater with the intent of housing a TV station, by August 1954. The proposed WHK-TV remained a permit, however, and when WHK and WHK-FM (100.7) were sold to Dumont Broadcasting in 1958, a deadline extension request for WHK-TV necessitated a hearing for the transaction by the FCC. Ultimately unbuilt, the permits for WHK-TV and WERE-TV were two of seven unbuilt UHFs in Ohio, and two of 54 nationwide, that the FCC cancelled on February 19, 1960. Following the failure of the WHK permit, The Plain Dealer itself filed for an application on July 17, 1962, spurred by passage of the All-Channel Receiver Act, but withdrew their bid by that September, with publisher Thomas V. H. Vail citing the economic uncertainty of UHF. Community Telecasters of Cleveland Inc., led by attorney Charles W. Steadman, was the next to file on April 19, 1963, and was soon being joined by another attempt from Cleveland Broadcasting and WERE. Cleveland Broadcasting was awarded the permit on November 12, 1964, with president Ray T. Miller teasing the idea of their station as the flagship of a 40-station regional UHF network, and WERE host Bill Gordon was considered for a nighly talk show. Construction was delayed after Community Telecasters appealed the permit, which Cleveland Broadcasting eventually gave up in part due to Miller's 1966 death and the eventual sale of the company itself. Community Telecasters was award a permit of their own on May 22, 1968, dismissing a competing bid from WIXY-WDOK owner Westchester Corp. While the permit was assigned the call sign WCTF-TV, the construction process stalled with no indication of any potential sign-on date; by comparison, Kaiser Broadcasting signed on WKBF-TV and United Artists signed on WUAB within months of their respective permits being granted. Moreover, both stations were well-financed with existing program inventories whereas Community Telecasters was a local group with limited funds. Joseph T. Zingale, a former partner in Westchester Corp., offered to purchase the channel 19 permit on August 23, 1972, for $300,000 (equivalent to $ in ). Zingale was an investor in several syndicates tied to his cousin Nick Mileti, including the Cleveland Indians, the Cleveland Cavaliers and Cleveland Crusaders, but Zingale said, "...that doesn't necessarily mean anything." He also held ownership stakes in the Richfield Coliseum and WWWE-WWWM parent Ohio Communications, both through Mileti, held a 2.36 percent stake in Westchester's successor, Globetrotter Communications and owned the World TeamTennis franchise Cleveland Nets. United Artists protested the sale, citing these varied ownership interests in multiple professional sports teams, four radio stations and a television station as "a dangerous concentration of power", which Zingale called "a delaying tactic". Retrospectively, Zingale later disclosed he intended on channel 19 being "a sports-oriented station". The FCC rejected United Artists' claims and approved the transfer on October 26, 1973, with Zingale planning to launch the station under the WZIN-TV calls "in about a year". Zingale rescinded the purchase in February 1974 due to a price dispute.

United Artists then offered to purchase the existing WCTF-TV permit for $250,000 (equivalent to $ in ) and concurrently applied to change WUAB's dial position from channel 43 to 19, both on January 7, 1975; WUAB manager Jack Moffitt claimed channel 19 would allow for upgraded reception in neighboring places like Lorain, Ohio, WUAB's city of license. By April, United Artists purchased WKBF-TV's non-license assets from Kaiser, which shut down that station after years of mounting financial losses. Zingale, however, renewed his intentions to secure the permit and filed a protest against the permit sale. An FCC review board refused to extend WCTF-TV's permit deadline in April 1976, effectively taking it away. Community Telecasters then appealed to the United States Court of Appeals in Washington, which upheld the decision in May 1978.

Application and construction
The failure to get the WCTF-TV permit built resulted in another bidding process. Cleveland Television Corp. (CTC) filed the initial bid on November 18, 1977; CTC was led by Augustus L. Harper of the Greater Cleveland Growth Organization, along with Aben E. Johnson Jr. and Clifford Beresh, president and sales manager for WXON in Detroit. Zingale told the Plain Dealer four days later, "at the appropriate time, Zingale Broadcasting Co. will file for and aggressively seek Channel 19." WUAB, now owned by Gaylord Broadcasting, also filed a bid, which if granted would result in their existing channel 43 license being returned to the FCC. A third applicant, Channel 19 Inc. was a joint venture of three broadcast groups: Diamond Broadcasting, led by Hubert B. Payne and William Derrick; Malrite Communications executives Milton Maltz, Carl Hirsch and John Wilson; and Metroplex Communications, headed by Norman Wain and Robert Weiss. Malrite purchased WHK and WMMS in 1971, Wain and Weiss had previously been partners with Zingale in Westchester Corp., while Hubert B. Payne was the sales manager for WKYC-TV, the first African-American executive for a local network affiliate. All three groups submitted their bids prior to the FCC's deadline of July 6, 1978, but Zingale ultimately declined to file a bid. Citing changes to his personal life and changing conditions in the Cleveland market, Zingale said, "I wish my ex-partners (Wain and Weiss) luck—they'll need it." The structure of the bid had Malrite's Maltz, Hirsch and Wilson directly owning preferred non-voting stock and supplying one-third of the capital equity; voting interest was evenly split between Metroplex and Diamond under an FCC waiver for broadcasters that provided substantial financing for a minority-controlled station. Channel 19 Inc.'s application requested the city of license be assigned to Shaker Heights, a suburb of Cleveland, while Gaylord and CTC requested the station be licensed to Cleveland. An administrative law judge recommended the permit be given to Channel 19 Inc. over CTC on April 12, 1982. The FCC's legal review board upheld the judge's decision on October 15, noting Channel 19 Inc. planned to put all common stock owners in management unlike CTC. After a further round of appeals by CTC, the FCC unanimously awarded the permit and license to Channel 19 Inc. in May 1983. Even as the group still needed to secure a transmitter tower and studios, the station planned to bear the WOIO call sign, standing for "Ohio". Along with Payne becoming the first Black to own and manage a Cleveland television station, it was also the first television station owned by people who were either lifelong residents of the region or, in Payne's words, "adopted the city as their home".

Despite Payne's initial hope of signing on WOIO by February 1984, construction took longer than expected. The Shaker Square shopping center became the group's choice for a studio facility in what became an $11 million investment (equivalent to $ in ) eased by securing $8 million in industrial revenue bonds from Cuyahoga County. During the approval process for the bond, commissioners Tim Hagan and Vincent Campanella raised concerns about the local television market already being crowded, with Campanella citing the challenges WCLQ-TV (channel 61) was now facing. (WCLQ-TV signed on March 3, 1981, initially as a hybrid ad-supported independent and local outlet for subscription television service Preview, but the failure of Preview in 1983 forced WCLQ-TV to operate as a full-time independent. ) Industry executives also cited the recent failure of WKBS-TV in Philadelphia as a warning sign for new independent stations. Including all technical aspects and costs to purchase programming, total start-up costs were projected to run higher than $20 million (equivalent to $ in ). Even with estimates that WOIO could lose between $6–8 million in the first year, Payne vowed to turn a profit in a year. After what amounted to 34 years of multiple failed attempts to build a station on channel 19, WOIO finally took to the air at 7:55 a.m. on May 19, 1985, with an on-air message by Payne and Lakewood native Pat McCormick serving as an "opening day" continuity host; engineers tested the signal hours earlier with an overnight transmission of Dr. Strangelove.

Signing on as an independent
WOIO signed on as the third independent in the Cleveland market, behind WUAB and WCLQ-TV. In order to distinguish themselves from both stations, WOIO opted to purchase reruns to longer-established series like I Love Lucy, Happy Days, The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Little House on the Prairie instead of more recent off-network fare and have the lineup consist solely of reruns and movies, a choice aided by the FCC no longer requiring a minimum of locally produced programming. By contrast, WCLQ-TV purchased reruns to multiple recent programs in expensive contracts, including Dallas (which was removed from the schedule after several months) while WUAB purchased rights to Webster, which it dropped after several years but continued to pay for through 1990. WOIO also boasted a technical advancement: it signed on as the first full-time stereo television station in Cleveland, with Malrite's Cincinnati station WXIX-TV converting to all-stereo several weeks later. The station's on-air appearance and script "nineteen" logo were created by Television By Design, an Atlanta–based graphics agency who did similar work for Superstation WTBS. Promos and station identifications were handled by a rotation of announcers including WMMS's Jeff Kinzbach and WMJI's John Webster. The May 1985 sweeps period saw WOIO immediately making an impact in the market with 6 percent of total viewers, compared to 5 percent for WCLQ-TV and 9 percent for market leader WUAB. This performance was even more shocking as WOIO signed on with only 10 days remaining in the sweeps period, and despite heavy investment into promotions by WCLQ-TV that even included using Ernest P. Worrell (Jim Varney) in promotional spots and billboards. Akron Beacon Journal critic Mark Dawidziak lauded WOIO for having a "clean and sharp" on-air look that suggested care, consideration and significant investment. WBNX-TV, owned by the ministry of televangelist Ernest Angley, came online on December 1, 1985, but positioned itself on family-oriented and religious fare, along with less-expensive older reruns and movies. WOIO's ratings performance continued into the fall of 1985 and spring of 1986, frequently matching or besting WCLQ-TV.

The additional competition had a negative overall effect on ratings and revenue. Despite WOIO's initial ratings success, the station was forced to charge for commercials at rates comparable to basic cable, while the costs for purchasing programming were concurrently driven up for all four stations substantially. WOIO's late entry had also forced them to pay double or triple what WUAB and WCLQ-TV paid for comparable programs. Driven into a financial crunch, Malrite offered to acquire WOIO outright in June 1986—in effect, purchasing the 51 percent controlling stock held by Diamond and Metroplex—as a capital infusion. The deal was legally permissible as the FCC allowed such transactions if it involved a UHF television station in need of financial assistance. Malrite's takeover of WOIO was approved in late November 1986. WCLQ-TV's ownership, itself badly overextended and continuing to lose money with limited chance for profitability, put the station up for sale in January 1986, with HSN parent company Silver King Broadcasting purchasing it in August. A series of lawsuits filed by television production companies drove the outgoing ownership into bankruptcy by years end with the HSN sale being approved by a bankruptcy court. While WCLQ-TV's ownership publicly objected to Malrite's purchase of WOIO, a legal challenge filed against it was rendered moot due to the Silver King sale. Payne continued to be a major stockholder in both WOIO and Malrite until divesting his shares in 1989.

Affiliating with Fox
WOIO became a charter affiliate of the Fox Broadcasting Company upon the network's October 9, 1986, launch. While the network was originally limited solely to The Late Show, both Payne and station manager Dennis Thatcher saw the risk (giving up nearly two-thirds of commercial time during the 11 p.m. hour and three-fourths of commercial time on weekends) as worth taking; Thatcher commented, "you give up a lot to get their programming, but we feel like pioneers... it's a long-haul proposition." Fox had previously been mentioned as a potential buyer for WCLQ-TV, while WUAB owner Gaylord Broadcasting declined to affiliate any of their stations with Fox. WCLQ-TV's demise allowed WOIO to pick up the broadcast rights to Cleveland State Vikings college basketball in late 1986. WOIO carried Cleveland Force MISL indoor soccer from 1986 until the team folded in 1988. In 1988, WOIO added Cleveland Cavaliers telecasts, taking over for WUAB. The Cleveland Browns-produced weekly show Browns Insider and Browns NFL preseason games followed in 1989 and 1990, respectively.Due to Fox's five-year strategy of primetime expansion from 1989 to 1994, WOIO de facto operated as a quasi-independent, programming movies and first-run syndicated shows on nights Fox did not program, leading the Beacon Journal Bob Dyer to call the station "an odd bird". The station set up a fan club in 1988 for their children's programming, which was folded into the Fox Children's Network upon its 1990 launch. Fox Children's supplanted much of WOIO's syndicated kids fare, programming in the early morning, afternoons and on Saturday mornings. Still, the station was perceived as being little more than a "video jukebox" run out of Shaker Square. While admitting that was the case, Thatcher defended WOIO's success in establishing a strong identity and personality that targeted viewers under the age of 35. The station did feature some locally produced public affairs programming, including a weekly talk show hosted by area attorney Larry Elder. Along with WMMS talent began presenting day-long marathons of shows on WOIO, evening host Ric "Rocco" Bennett hosted Buzzard B-Movies on Saturday afternoons.

Fox's success on Thursday nights—led largely by The Simpsons—enabled WOIO to post its highest ratings to date on October 15, 1992, beating WUAB and WKYC outright, and besting WJW-TV and WEWS-TV in several timeslots. WOIO also began matching WUAB in the prime-time "local access" 7 p.m. hour, a time period WUAB traditionally thrived in. WOIO signed a five-year affiliation contract with Fox in October 1993, leading WUAB to align with the United Paramount Network (UPN) nearly a year in advance of their 1995 launch. Fox's successful $1.5 billion bid for NFC broadcast rights in December 1993 (equivalent to $ in ) prompted WOIO to consider establishing a news department in the spring of 1994. Even with WUAB's established success having 10 p.m. news, one unnamed news director remarked, "they don't have to get ratings, they just have to exist."

Standard & Poor's put $115 million of junk bonds held by Malrite for downgrading in 1992, leaving the company unable to service their growing debt. As a result, Malrite divested their entire radio station unit to Roy E. Disney's Shamrock Broadcasting for $300 million (equivalent to $ in ) in March 1993. Before that deal was arranged, Maltz and Malrite banker Shearson Lehman Brothers invited other broadcast groups to a possible purchase of WOIO; in August 1992, Sinclair Broadcast Group was rumored to acquire the station for approximately $30 million (equivalent to $ in ). WHK and WMMS were subsequently spun off by Shamrock to now-former Malrite executive Carl Hirsch's OmniAmerica group.

Linking up with CBS
On May 23, 1994, WJW-TV owner New World Communications signed a group-wide affiliation contract with Fox; calling for stations either owned by New World—or in the process of being acquired by the chain—to switch affiliations to Fox after their existing contracts ended. The news caught CBS president of affiliation relations Tony Malara off guard as such an arrangement was without precedent. Moreover, WJW-TV had been aligned with CBS for 40 years. WOIO not only had their affiliation with Fox recently extended through 1998, their interest in local news was heightened after Malrite encountered success launching a newscast on WXIX-TV, and had the support of Fox president Lucie Salhany. Due to the aftereffects of the early 1990s recession, Fox lessened the priority level for their affiliates to have free-standing news services.

CBS initially courted Scripps-Howard, owner of WEWS-TV and WXYZ-TV in Detroit (another market impacted by the deal) but Scripps-Howard signed an extensive contract of their own between ABC and the majority of their stations. The network next approached WUAB, but details emerged of a possible local marketing agreement (LMA) between WOIO and WUAB, with Malrite assuming operational control of WUAB from owner Cannell Communications; talks between the two owners had been underway for several months.

In what industry observers regarded as a surprise, CBS signed up WOIO as their replacement for WJW-TV, with network executives impressed by Malrite president Milton Maltz's presentation and WOIO's prior loyalty towards Fox. WOIO also committed to carrying Late Show with David Letterman live at 11:30 p.m.—a factor Malara considered "a very big deal", as WJW-TV delayed it until midnight after the New World-produced Valley of the Dolls. The deal came with risks: WOIO had cultivated a strong, youth-oriented identity that needed to be reconciled with CBS's older-skewing programming, while CBS News president Eric Ober noted WOIO's absence of local news resulted in a temporary "news deficit". As part of the affiliation agreement, CBS agreed to provide cash compensation to WOIO for carrying its programming and contributed 50% to a $1 million marketing campaign.

Malrite's LMA with WUAB took effect on effect on August 18, 1994, 16 days before WOIO's affiliation switch to CBS. Operations for both stations were consolidated at Reserve Square in Downtown Cleveland, a process finalized by February 1995, when WOIO's local newscasts launched. WOIO joined CBS on September 3, 1994, with a significant amount of WOIO's syndicated programming moved to WUAB, while WBNX-TV secured the Fox Children's affiliation after WJW-TV declined to pick it up.

Raycom ownership
Montgomery, Alabama–based Raycom Media purchased Malrite Communications on April 6, 1998, for an undisclosed price; the deal also included the LMA with WUAB. The sale was finalized six months later on September 17. Under Raycom ownership, WOIO and WUAB began identifying as "Hometeam 19" and "Hometeam 43" for both newscasts and entertainment programming. Raycom acquired WUAB outright on March 11, 2000, after the FCC relaxed rules allowing common ownership of two commercially licensed television stations in the same market.

In January 2001, Raycom hired controversial broadcast executive Bill Applegate as general manager for WOIO and WUAB, transferring from WMC-TV, Raycom's Memphis station. By 2002, WOIO and WUAB dropped the "Hometeam" branding, with the former becoming "Cleveland's CBS 19" while WUAB became "43 The Block"; newscasts seen on both stations were relaunched and reformatted as 19 Action News. WUAB remained a UPN affiliate until the network's 2006 closure, signing up with MyNetworkTV shortly thereafter. After Applegate's 2014 retirement, WOIO was renamed "Cleveland 19" on August 24, 2015, as part of a large-scale revamp at both stations and their news operation. WUAB similarly rebranded as "CLE 43".

Sale to Gray Television
On June 25, 2018, Raycom agreed to merge their station group, including WOIO and WUAB, with Atlanta–based Gray Television in a cash-and-stock merger transaction valued at $3.6 billion (equivalent to $ in ). The sale was completed on January 2, 2019. During the sale process, WUAB became the market's CW affiliate on July 16, 2018, with WUAB's existing MyNetworkTV affiliation moved to a WOIO subchannel.

Gray Television purchased low-power station WLFM-LD (channel 6) on July 29, 2021, for $1.65 million. Several days after the sale was approved by the FCC, Gray announced WLFM-LD would be relaunched as Telemundo affiliate WTCL on January 1, 2022, with evening newscasts in Spanish produced by WOIO. Cleveland had been the largest market in the United States without a Telemundo affiliate. (Since its 2001 purchase by the network, Univision-owned WQHS-DT has only carried remotely-produced news briefs. ) As early as 2018, WOIO had produced a daily Spanish-language newscast, Al Día, for their website, social media and OTT services, but this was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic; WOIO retained both reporters for Al Día and planned to hire two additional bilingual reporters.

On July 18, 2022, Gray filed a conditional use certificate request with Independence, Ohio, for construction of a two-story studio facility on land overlooking the I-77–I-480 interchange in a proposal titled "Project VO SOT"; WOIO-WUAB-WTCL's current 10-year lease at Reserve Square runs through 2027. Independence City Council approved the request on August 9, 2022.

Formation and early struggles
From its inception until assuming the CBS affiliation, WOIO had no local news presence. Station founder Hubert B. Payne felt the notion of immediately competing with WKYC, WEWS, WJW-TV and cable news to be "folly on my part". By 1992, Akron Beacon Journal critic Bob Dyer referred to the station as "... with a gaping hole at its center: no newscast." General manager Dennis Thatcher expressed a desire to start a local news service, noting some advertisers—under the impression viewers did not see WOIO as a "real" station—refused to deal with them. Malrite's successful launch of a news service on their Cincinnati station, WXIX-TV, led WOIO management in March 1994 to consider "... tiptoe(ing) into local news this fall." As Malrite had been in negotiations with Cannell Communications about a WUAB LMA when the Fox-New World alliance emerged, when WOIO signed with CBS, speculation began about Malrite using WUAB's news department to produce 6 p.m. and 11 p.m. newscasts for WOIO. Thatcher hired former WJW-TV news director Phyllis Quail to oversee the transition process and committed to having local news bulletins during CBS This Morning. The station originally intended to air the CBS Evening News on delay at 7 p.m. with sitcom reruns as a lead-in but ended up running it live at 6:30 p.m.

WOIO kept a low profile assembling its air talent following the affiliation switch, though the station did hire WJW-TV anchor Denise Dufala, WMAQ-TV anchor Emmett Miller, and former Miss America 1989 winner Gretchen Carlson as lead anchors, and WUAB's Jeff Phelps was reassigned as WOIO's lead sportscaster. WUAB's existing team of Jack Marschall, Romona Robinson and Gib Shanley remained exclusive to that station, but reporters and meteorological talent were shared between the two stations. What became known as 19 News launched on February 5, 1995, from a combined facility at Reserve Square under the Cleveland Television News banner; WUAB's newscasts came from a traditional set, but WOIO's newscasts originated from the newsroom with anchors walking to reporters in a style heavily inspired by CITY-TV's CityPulse.

Despite the initial heavy promotion, 19 News struggled to attract viewership, partly due to past impressions of WOIO having been "a second-tier independent" and existing perception of it being "a junior news station". By September 1995, WOIO's 6 p.m. news ranked in last place—tied with WAKC-TV's Akron-centered newscast—while the 11 p.m. news placed third, ahead of WAKC-TV but still significantly behind WKYC and WEWS. Moreover, WJW-TV's 10 p.m. newscast was tied with WUAB and attracted more total viewers than WOIO at 11 p.m. After WAKC-TV's news department was abruptly shut down in February 1996, low-power WAOH-LP (channel 29) and Cleveland simulcast W35AX started carrying WOIO and WUAB's newscasts on an hour delay. WOIO rebranded as CBS 19 News in April 1996 in a move Plain Dealer critic Tom Feran regarded as the station "(having) to recover from success" after years of a strong association with Fox. Newly appointed news director Kimberly Godwin-Webb refocused the newscasts to have faster pacing, tighter editing, and consumer-driven segments and de-emphasized what was internally called a "Lazy Susan" anchor desk. Emmitt Miller was demoted from lead anchor to reporter, while Gretchen Carlson took his place as Denise Dufala's co-anchor, the first instance of a two-woman weeknight anchor team in the market. Godwin-Webb likened the station revamping to one CBS was itself undertaking, while general manager Tom Griesdorn noted, "this is not six weeks and out... we're in this for the long run. We're going to be a contender." A surprising addition took place when veteran WJW-TV investigative reporter Tom Meyer joined the station in August 1996, signing a seven-year contract.

The station added both a morning and noon newscast by December 1996; the morning newscast took advantage of a revamped format for CBS This Morning allowing affiliates to produce longer local segments within the national program. WOIO's morning, noon and 6 p.m. newscasts also were simulcast over radio stations WELW in Willoughby and WRKG in Lorain, both beginning in May 1997. The morning news further expanded to a 5:30 a.m. start in October 1997, coupled with an additional 11:30 a.m. newscast on WUAB. Still, viewer loyalty towards well-established competition continued to plague WOIO, with the 6 p.m. news remaining stuck in last place, even ranking behind Roseanne reruns on WUAB and American Journal on WBNX-TV. Carlson was replaced by veteran reporter Kevin Coakley, but noting the heavy competition in the timeslot, Tom Feran mused in his column that WOIO could find possible success moving Seinfeld and Frasier reruns to the 6 p.m. hour, running the CBS Evening News at 7 p.m. and have local news at 7:30 p.m. instead. At the same time, WJW beat WUAB at 10 p.m. by a 2–1 margin during the spring 1998 sweeps period, attributed to the weakness of UPN fare as a lead-in for WUAB along with WOIO's newscasts assuming top priority.

Raycom's takeover of WOIO and WUAB led to news director Kimberly Godwin-Webb leaving in September 1998, followed by general manager Tom Griesdorn in March 1999. WUAB's 11:30 a.m. newscast was cancelled in December 1998 due to continued low ratings. Kevin Coakley was dismissed in September 1999 and replaced with Jack Marschall, who also retained his existing 10 p.m. duties at WUAB. In early 2000, all newscasts were re-branded as Hometeam 19 News and Hometeam 43 News, based on WUAB's existing "Cleveland's Home Team" slogan. News director Tony Ballew described the two stations as now being "one store with a couple of shelves" instead of the two different entities that had previously been marketed. Behind-the-scenes personnel unionized in 2000 after substantial layoffs (20 staffers from a workforce of 120) and being paid thousands of dollars less than market rate, nearly half as much as competing stations. Raycom and the union struggled to reach a collective bargaining agreement, with Raycom management disclosing during negotiations it overpaid for WOIO and WUAB and was struggling to make a profit.

19 Action News
In February 2001, Bill Applegate—who had a reputation as a successful, if controversial, executive at WLS-TV, WBBM-TV, KCBS-TV and WABC-TV during the 1980s and 1990s —became WOIO's general manager. Applegate initiated a total overhaul of WOIO and WUAB's newscasts, with the "Hometeam" branding excised outright amid multiple staff departures. David Wittman was hired in January 2002 for a role "not yet been determined" but would "play a major role", fueling speculation of WOIO adopting a tabloid format emphasizing crime and sensationalism but the station asserted would not be akin to "National Enquirer Tonight". As May 2002 began, Wittman took Marschall's place as lead anchor, and all newscasts were relaunched as Action News, featuring a tabloid style. By 2003, the newscast titling was amended to 19 Action News on both stations. News production also increased: a 5 p.m. newscast was added, followed by a 4 p.m. newscast in June 2004.

Applegate's managerial style at WOIO was as aggressive as the format itself. Twice-weekly editorials were instituted, with Applegate frequently critiquing local politicians and groups, years after the practice had fallen out of favor throughout the industry. Chicago media critic Robert Feder retrospectively described him as "bold, brash and wickedly brilliant... willing to try almost anything to draw a crowd". While in Los Angeles—a market dominated by tabloid journalism—Applegate found ratings success at KCBS-TV with saturation coverage of the Lyle and Erik Menéndez trial, the 1994 Northridge earthquake and the O. J. Simpson murder case, the latter with Harvey Levin as a dedicated reporter. Applegate viewed 19 Action News as "populist, blue-collar, advocacy", explaining, "your obligation is to tell the truth... I don't think we have an obligation to be objective. We have to tell the truth."

Sharon Reed came to WOIO from WCAU in Philadelphia, but her arrival came amid controversy, having previously dated actor Robert De Niro and engaging in an e-mail flame war with WCAU reporter Alicia Taylor, the latter leading to her dismissal from that station. WOIO hired Youngstown anchor Catherine Bosley in 2005, shortly after her dismissal from WKBN-TV when pictures of her participation in a wet T-shirt contest surfaced online, prompting accusations of the station "cashing in" on her notoriety. Sportscaster Chuck Galeti was hired after a 2003 car accident, incarceration and substance abuse rehab, with the station being credited for saving him from "possible career oblivion". WTAM personality Mike Trivisonno began hosting a daily segment with Reed during the 5 p.m. newscast in 2006, with news director Dan Salamone noting Trivisonno was "somebody who was born to be in a 19 Action News format". Veteran investigative reporter Carl Monday joined WOIO in 2007 from WKYC, where a 2006 report on a man committing indecent behavior at a library unintentionally went viral and was parodied by The Daily Show and Deadspin. Tom Meyer, who worked alongside Monday at WJW, left for WKYC shortly thereafter.

The ratings performance for 19 Action News ultimately produced mixed results. The 11 p.m. newscast became a priority for WOIO management, with news director Stephen Doerr stating, "we can only win one battle at a time." One 2003 ratings stunt had WOIO airing retrospective pieces on WEWS-TV legends Dorothy Fuldheim, Nev Chandler and Don Webster, prompting that station to accuse WOIO of appropriation. In the February 2004 sweeps, WOIO overtook WEWS-TV to place second at 11 p.m. behind WKYC, although critics noted the showing was possibly influenced by CBS's strong primetime lineup, as all other dayparts—including WUAB's 10 p.m. newscast—remained in last place. Still, comparisons were drawn with that of WSVN in Miami, which found similar success employing a tabloid format. Doerr boasted, "Cleveland is a market that was ready to be awakened ... love it or hate it, it's not to be missed." Reed's participation in Spencer Tunick's large-scale nude photo shoot in downtown Cleveland was profiled by the station during the November 2004 sweeps, proving both a ratings and internet success, with WOIO's website attracting over one million pageviews over a 24-hour period and WOIO earning its highest ratings ever at 11 p.m. None of the station's staffers knew about the story until the week prior, with many newsroom and anchor talent reportedly furious at Applegate, Doerr and Reed; Plain Dealer columnist Connie Schultz assailed management for taking advantage of Reed, "... a beautiful, smart, highly educated black woman in a profession that would never have hired her 30 years ago." WOIO continued placing second at 11 p.m. for several years, and tied WJW for second place at noon by 2006. By 2008, the noon newscast placed second outright, although the 11 p.m. fell back to third place and other newscasts remained largely unchanged.

The early 2010s saw WOIO, along with other stations in the market, adapting to changing viewer demands and economic challenges brought on by the 2008 Great Recession. Romona Robinson—who left WUAB in 1997 to join WKYC —joined WOIO in January 2012, arriving as Sharon Reed's contract was not renewed and amid multiple on-air Cleveland talent leaving one station for another or leaving the business altogether. Robinson's hiring came as WOIO drew national attention for depicting the 2012 federal corruption trial of multiple Cuyahoga County officials, including Jimmy Dimora, via puppetry as cameras were prohibited. "The Puppet's Court" segments, with a talking squirrel puppet recapping explicit testimony and the "circus like atmosphere", found coverage in Gawker and Slate. WOIO management assured that Robinson's more traditional style fit with the tone of 19 Action News, with Applegate praising Robinson's years of community involvement and dynamic personality. Robinson saw herself joining the station "...to help reshape the culture and content of the place where my career began" and her on-air persona proved to be a match with the format.

WOIO began shifting towards a more traditional newscast style, although elements of the tabloid format remained, along with WOIO's ability to attain attention-grabbing headlines. During a December 2013 press conference with Browns owner Jimmy Haslam and CEO Joe Banner regarding head coach Rob Chudzinski's dismissal, reporter Dan DeRoos read aloud several posts from the station's Facebook page questioning the firing, then asked, "How do you convince Browns fans that The Three Stooges aren't running this organization?" Applegate announced his retirement on February 11, 2014, effective that April. In a memo to staff, Applegate said his tenure at WOIO-WUAB was "personally rewarding and the highlight of my career" but his departure came after a sales department staffer sued Raycom and Applegate over "creating a sexually hostile work environment".

Post–Action News
Dominic Mancuso—Applegate's successor as general manager —and news director Fred D'Ambrosi—who joined the station in March 2015 —started to overhaul the news department entirely. Former WKYC anchor Mark Nolan, who left that station in 2012 to join WMJI, was hired as Robinson's new co-anchor, replacing David Wittman. Nolan's hiring portended a rebranding to Cleveland 19 News, eschewing the tabloid format and controversy surrounding the Action News name, although Mancuso continued to deliver on-air editorials. Plain Dealer writer Marc Bona poked fun at the on-air appearance changing from a red-and-black color scheme to a blue-and-gold look, saying, "hopefully we won't soon be seeing the scholastic-looking block M on crawlers touting MORE NEWS ... we haven't heard back from the station about whether WOIO will open a bureau in Ann Arbor."

Mancuso left the stations in August 2016, with Erik Schrader replacing him as general manager. Denise Dufala, long seen as the "hometown individual" at WOIO dating back to the news department's creation, retired at the end of 2016, concluding a 30-year career. Several high-profile departures occurred after Raycom announced its merger into Gray Television, including Romona Robinson and Carl Monday.

After the takeover by Gray, WOIO rebranded as 19 News, returning to a visual style evocative of Action News and slogan of "First. Fair. Everywhere." While the new brand and slogan was a direct nod to Action News, Schrader noted, "we have to stand out. Action News was an effective brand for its time, but time moved on and we had to move on, too. And tastes will change. As much as I like this brand, it probably will eventually change." Newscast production was increased on WOIO and WUAB, with WOIO adding news at 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. in 2019 and 2020, respectively. WOIO has placed an emphasis on over-the-top (OTT) and mobile streaming, with news director Ian Rubin (who replaced D'Ambrosi in 2018 ) and assistant news director Brian Sinclair recognizing increased audience demand for more local content and different, non-linear options to access it. Rubin also saw WTCL-LD's 2022 launch, coupled with a WOIO-led Spanish-language newscast, as a way for the stations to be more inclusive and diverse in news gathering.

WOIO also produced Cribbs in the CLE: Josh and Maria Live, a daily lifestyle talk show hosted by former Cleveland Brown Josh Cribbs and wife Maria Cribbs, from September 2019 to September 2023; the program was cancelled after WOIO debuted InvestigateTV, a newsmagazine internally syndicated throughout the Gray Television group.

Sports programming
WOIO was the over-the-air broadcast home for the Cleveland Cavaliers from 1988 to 1994. Assuming the role from WUAB, Joe Tait—the team's longtime radio voice and president of broadcast operations —announced the WOIO telecasts with former Cavalier Jim Chones as color commentator. Veteran Canton sportscaster Jim Johnson was Tait's designated radio backup. CBS sportscaster Greg Gumbel took over for Tait in the 1992–93 season, with Denny Schreiner replacing him the following year. After WOIO joined CBS in 1994, the Cavaliers rights were transferred back to WUAB.

The station's association with the Cleveland Browns began in 1989 when the team began producing a weekly magazine for the station, Browns Insider, hosted by veteran sportscaster Jim Mueller. WOIO secured the local simulcast rights to ESPN Sunday Night Football Browns–Oilers telecast on December 23, 1989, which was up to that point was the highest-profile broadcast in station history. The Browns signed a multi-year contract with WOIO for preseason games beginning with the 1990 season and lasting through the original team's relocation to Baltimore in 1995.

Browns preseason games returned to WOIO in 2005 via a three-year deal; this also included team-produced NFL Draft coverage, training camp reports and a weekly coach's show. Taking over for WKYC—which had carried Browns preseason games since the team's 1999 reactivation—the deal was seen as complementary to WOIO's CBS affiliation and, with it, the network's AFC rights. After WOIO's newscasts covered the drowning of then-team owner Randy Lerner's six-year-old niece, which included a 9-1-1 recording from Lerner's sister Nancy Fisher, the team voided the contract on July 18, 2006; while WOIO was within legal bounds to air the tape (public record under existing Ohio law), the Browns considered it an invasion of the family's privacy. WOIO filed a breach of contract lawsuit against the team, which signed a replacement contract with WKYC several days later.

Current staff

 * Harry Boomer, senior reporter and host of 43 Focus

Former staff

 * Kimberly Godwin, news director, later ABC News president
 * Bob Golic, co-host of Tailgate 19
 * Chris Van Vliet, entertainment reporter

Subchannels
WOIO (and, since 2018, WUAB) has operated a digital fill-in translator in Akron on UHF channel 18 since August 12, 2011, to serve that section of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton market. In the immediate Cleveland area, WTCL-LD (channel 6) provides secondary transmissions of WOIO and WUAB's main program streams on the UHF band, mapped to 19.10 and 43.10, respectively. Canton-licensed WOHZ-CD is a repeater for WTCL-LD, WOIO, and WUAB in the southern part of the market, also on the UHF band, and utilizing the same 19.10 and 43.10 channel numbers.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WOIO discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over UHF channel 19, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition VHF channel 10. This frequency occasionally creates co-channel interference with CFPL-DT (channel 10) in London, Ontario, during temperature inversion and tropo skip events.

Since January 8, 2018, at 2:01 a.m., WOIO has operated in a channel sharing arrangement with WUAB. This occurred after WUAB sold their over-the-air spectrum in the FCC's spectrum reallocation auction on February 17, 2017, for an undisclosed amount. WUAB was the only station owned by Raycom to participate in the spectrum auction.

title: WOIO


text:
Shinnosuke Furumoto

Shinnosuke Furumoto (古本 新乃輔 (古本 新之輔)) is a Japanese actor and voice actor from Fuchu, Tokyo. He also performed the opening for the anime Sorcerer Hunters with Megumi Hayashibara in which he voiced the main character. He also performed an insert song for the anime H2 as he voiced the main character as well.

Filmography

 * F (1988) as Tamotsu Oishi
 * Jungle Emperor (1989) as Leo
 * Ranma ½ (1989) as Pantyhose Taro and Genji Heita
 * Urusei Yatsura: Always My Darling (1991) as Rio
 * H2 (1995) as Hiro Kunimi
 * Junkers Come Here (1995) as Junkers
 * Kuma no Pūtarō (1995) as Putaro
 * Sorcerer Hunters (1995) as Carrot Glace
 * Haunted Junction (1997) as Kazumi "Kazuo" Ryudo
 * Arcade Gamer Fubuki (2002) as Arashi

TV Drama roles

 * Code Blue as Ooyama Tsuneo (Mary Jane Yoko)

title: Shinnosuke Furumoto


text:
Redemption 87

Redemption 87 was an American East Bay hardcore punk band containing ex-members of Unit Pride, Skankin' Pickle, and Token Entry. It also included future members of AFI and the Nerve Agents.

Their goal was to reclaim "hardcore" from the crossover heavy metal music it had become and return it to its punk roots. They were heavily influenced by New York hardcore bands including Youth of Today, Sick of It All, Warzone, and Gorilla Biscuits.

In 1995 they released their first EP, The Spidey Sessions, which contained four songs. Some of these songs were also included in their 13-song first album in 1997, which was self-titled. They released their last album, All Guns Poolside, in 1999, which contained 13 songs, three of which were covers of songs by Cro-mags, Negative Approach and Bad Brains.

In 1999, the band dissolved and Jade Puget joined AFI, while Eric Ozenne formed The Nerve Agents.

title: Redemption 87


text:
F.X. Toole

F.X. Toole is the pen name of boxing trainer Jerry Boyd (1930 – September 2, 2002). Toole is most noted for writing the 2000 collection of short stories Rope Burns: Stories from the Corner, which were adapted into the Oscar-winning movie Million Dollar Baby in 2004. F.X. Toole's posthumous novel Pound for Pound was released in 2006 to rave reviews. Cutman, a one-hour dramatic series set in the world of boxing, drawn from short stories by F.X. Toole, is in development by AMC Television.

Rope Burns: Stories from the Corner is dedicated to Dub Huntley, the man who introduced Boyd to boxing, and many of the characters and events related in the book are from Dub Huntley's life and experience. Huntley trained Boyd to box when Boyd was in his 40s and the two became friends during that time. Huntley was the trainer for world champions Laila Ali, Hector Lopez, and many others, including comedian/writer Chris Strait when he was an amateur boxer. Immediately before his death, Boyd was acting as a cutman and assistant trainer to Huntley with female professional boxer Juli Crockett, who Huntley told Sports Illustrated in an interview was the basis for the characterization of Maggie Fitzgerald in Million Dollar Baby. Boyd was born and raised in Long Beach, California, and died in Torrance, CA of a heart attack at age 71.

title: F.X. Toole


text:
Talk:Dale Sanders

from Vfd
On 21 Feb 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. See Votes for deletion/Dale Sanders for a record of the discussion.

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Awards and Honours
"University of East Anglia (2010-present)" is not an award or honour, neither is the entry "Agricultural Genomics Institute Shenzhen (2018–present)" - hesitating between deleting entries, or change the list title. Thoughts?

title: Talk:Dale Sanders


text:
User:Ejrs

I am the founder of EJRS.COM I have contributed a number of photos on various projects here at wikipedia:

Spider

Shamisen

Durian

Mangosteen

 * British Arctic Territory
 * Dalat International School

and more

Prejudices and Biased Editors
I am not happy that wikipedia editors such as User:A._B. and User:Mailer_diablo have gone out of their way to remove projects I have painstakingly put together.

Sometime back when I was new to wikipedia I had placed links to my own sites from this page which is MY user page. Frankly if a site has a USER page it's for the USER to add what he/she wants to write. So I was told that I was spamming my own user page and I was listed as a spammer. Despite the fact that I had already removed the links (once again... from MY userpage). As I look around other Wikipedia articles I notice other more blatant links to personal sites. It would be a better atmosphere if people left their prejudices out of the editing field.

Fishy Projects

 * Adding the info on Haemulidae (Grunt) fish from the Fishbase site.

 * Currently working with 8 photographers on SplashingTime.com to feature the amazing photography of Marine Life from various parts of the world.

 * Is a FishBase collaborator via the entity of "splashingtime.com"

title: User:Ejrs


text:
Route 78 (Rhode Island–Connecticut)

Route 78, also known as the Westerly Bypass, is a two-lane divided freeway between Pawcatuck, Connecticut, to Westerly, Rhode Island. The route is about 4.6 mi long and begins at Connecticut Route 2 in Stonington, crossing into Rhode Island at the Pawcatuck River, where it continues to U.S. Route 1 in Westerly. The route was constructed in 1979, after a sixteen-year delay. The designation was to become part of the Orient Point–Watch Hill Bridge, but this plan was later dropped. The route was given the memorial name of Veterans Way in 2004.

Route description
Route 78 begins at an interchange with Route 2 in Pawcatuck, Connecticut. The freeway heads eastward, crossing over the Pawcatuck River and into Rhode Island. Route 78 crosses over White Rock Road and Canal Street, entering the community of Stillmanville. There, the highway comes upon a small, partial interchange with High Street, which connects drivers to Route 3. After crossing over Route 3, Route 78 turns to the south. In the opposite direction, where it turns eastward, there is an interchange with Route 3. The route heads southward through the local development, coming to a partial cloverleaf interchange with Route 91 at exit 2. The route continues southward, passing Chapman Pond. The route turns southwest, interchanging partially with U.S. Route 1, where the Route 78 designation ends. The right-of-way continues as Airport Road towards Westerly State Airport.

History
In the mid-1950s, the Rhode Island Department of Public Works (RIDPW) put forward a proposal to create a four-lane "relocation" of Route 3 in Westerly. This relocated highway was to connect with Interstate 95, and when planned, the route was to exist farther east then it does currently. During the late 1950s, the RIDPW moved the location of the bypass to its current location, creating a 4.8 mi long bypass of Westerly and connecting with Interstate 95 in Stonington, Connecticut. The route was proposed to begin at an interchange with U.S. Route 1 near Westerly State Airport, take an arc expressway and into Connecticut. First estimated to cost $4 million (1959 USD), construction of the new Route 78 Expressway was planned to begin in 1961 and finish in 1963, but lack of funds held off construction for several years. In 1967, the state highway officials in Connecticut began to collaborate with Rhode Island officials to construct the new Route 78 Expressway in both states. The plan became detailed as Route 78 would start at US 1 in Rhode Island, continue over the Pawcatuck River into Connecticut, where it follow Route 2 over to Interstate 95 where it would form an interchange 91A with the interstate. However, this new interchange and extension were pulled by 1971, due to lack of funding. By 1974, the cost had ballooned to $12.8 million (1974 USD) along with a budget crisis around that time, the two states scaled down the project from at an intersection with US 1 to an intersection with Route 2. The bypass was finally constructed in the late 1970s, and opened to traffic in 1979. After a number of head-on collisions, the Rhode Island Department of Transportation added medians to the highway, and in 2004, the bypass was given the memorial name of Veterans Way, which was proposed in 2002.

In 1961, during the time of the proposals, the New York State Department of Transportation suggested to extend the Long Island Expressway another 55 mi using a multi-span bridge across the Long Island Sound from Riverhead, New York, to Westerly, Rhode Island. The bridge was to extend from Orient Point, New York, to Watch Hill, Rhode Island, and although it was never added to the interstate highway plans, the theory of a new bridge was restarted in 1979, with a feasibility study. However, officials from Rhode Island and New York were both uninterested from continuing the project.

Exit list
In Fall 2018, exit numbers were converted from sequential numbering to mileage-based numbering to conform to federal highway standards.

title: Route 78 (Rhode Island–Connecticut)


text:
Acetylacetone

Acetylacetone is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3\sC(\dO)\sCH2\sC(\dO)\sCH3. It is classified as a 1,3-diketone. It exists in equilibrium with a tautomer CH3\sC(\dO)\sCH\dC(\sOH)\sCH3. The mixture is a colorless liquid. These tautomers interconvert so rapidly under most conditions that they are treated as a single compound in most applications. Acetylacetone is a building block for the synthesis of many coordination complexes as well as heterocyclic compounds.

Tautomerism
The keto and enol tautomers of acetylacetone coexist in solution. The enol form has C2v symmetry, meaning the hydrogen atom is shared equally between the two oxygen atoms. In the gas phase, the equilibrium constant, Kketo→enol, is 11.7, favoring the enol form. The two tautomeric forms can be distinguished by NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and other methods.

The equilibrium constant tends to be high in nonpolar solvents; when Kketo→enol is equal or greater than 1, the enol form is favoured. The keto form becomes more favourable in polar, hydrogen-bonding solvents, such as water. The enol form is a vinylogous analogue of a carboxylic acid.

Acid–base properties
Acetylacetone is a weak acid. It forms the acetylacetonate anion C5H7O2− (commonly abbreviated acac−):
 * C5H8O2 ⇌ C5H7O2− + H+

In the acetylacetonate anion, both C-O bonds are equivalent. Both C-C central bonds are equivalent as well, with one hydrogen atom bonded to the central carbon atom (the C3 atom). Those two equivalencies are because there is a resonance between the four bonds in the O-C2-C3-C4-O linkage in the acetylacetonate anion, where the bond order of those four bonds is about 1.5. Both oxygen atoms equally share the negative charge. The acetylacetonate anion is a bidentate ligand. IUPAC recommended pKa values for this equilibrium in aqueous solution at 25 °C are 8.99 ± 0.04 (I = 0), 8.83 ± 0.02 (I = 0.1 M NaClO4) and 9.00 ± 0.03 (I = 1.0 M NaClO4; I = Ionic strength). Values for mixed solvents are available. Very strong bases, such as organolithium compounds, will deprotonate acetylacetone twice. The resulting dilithium species can then be alkylated at the carbon atom at the position 1.

Preparation
Acetylacetone is prepared industrially by the thermal rearrangement of isopropenyl acetate.

Laboratory routes to acetylacetone also begin with acetone. Acetone and acetic anhydride ((CH3C(O))2O) upon the addition of boron trifluoride (BF3) catalyst:
 * (CH3C(O))2O + CH3C(O)CH3 → CH3C(O)CH2C(O)CH3

A second synthesis involves the base-catalyzed condensation (e.g., by sodium ethoxide CH3CH2O-Na+) of acetone and ethyl acetate, followed by acidification of the sodium acetylacetonate (e.g., by hydrogen chloride HCl):
 * CH3CH2O-Na+ + CH3C(O)OCH2CH3 + CH3C(O)CH3 → Na+[CH3C(O)CHC(O−)CH3] + 2 CH3CH2OH
 * Na+[CH3C(O)CHC(O−)CH3] + HCl → CH3C(O)CH2C(O)CH3 + NaCl

Because of the ease of these syntheses, many analogues of acetylacetonates are known. Some examples are benzoylacetone, dibenzoylmethane (dbaH) and tert-butyl analogue 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione. Trifluoroacetylacetone and hexafluoroacetylacetonate are also used to generate volatile metal complexes.

Condensations
Acetylacetone is a versatile bifunctional precursor to heterocycles because both keto groups may undergo condensation. For example, condensation with Hydrazine produces pyrazoles while condensation with Urea provides pyrimidines. Condensation with two aryl- or alkylamines gives NacNacs, wherein the oxygen atoms in acetylacetone are replaced by NR (R = aryl, alkyl).

Coordination chemistry
Sodium acetylacetonate, Na(acac), is the precursor to many acetylacetonate complexes. A general method of synthesis is to treat a metal salt with acetylacetone in the presence of a base:
 * MB_{z} + z Hacac <-> M(acac)_{z} + z BH

Both oxygen atoms bind to the metal to form a six-membered chelate ring. In some cases the chelate effect is so strong that no added base is needed to form the complex.

Biodegradation
The enzyme acetylacetone dioxygenase cleaves the carbon-carbon bond of acetylacetone, producing acetate and 2-oxopropanal. The enzyme is iron(II)-dependent, but it has been proven to bind to zinc as well. Acetylacetone degradation has been characterized in the bacterium Acinetobacter johnsonii.
 * C5H8O2 + O2 → C2H4O2 + C3H4O2

title: Acetylacetone


text: User talk:130.160.36.76

title: User talk:130.160.36.76


text:
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices are annual publications on the human rights conditions in countries and regions outside the United States, mandated by U.S. law to be submitted annually by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the United States Department of State to the United States Congress. The reports cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The first report covered the year 1976, issued in 1977.

The People's Republic of China has responded to frequent criticism in this report by releasing a similar annual report titled the "Human Rights Record of the United States."