text:
User talk:Msiddalingaiah

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Images
Thanks for uploading Image:NPN Colpitts oscillator collector coil.png. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use gfdl if you release it under the GFDL, or fairuse if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images (on my talk page)and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much,

BrokenSegue 03:37, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Math markup
Just a heads up.

There's no need for images of most mathematical formulae because the wiki can do math markup see m:Help:Formula User:Zeimusu

Electronics contribution
Hi,

The content so far is quite impressive. I have a lot of experience in both analog and digital electronics. I'd like to contribute, but I'm not sure where I should focus my efforts.

There's a fair amount to be done wrt oscillators and filters.

Any suggestions? - Madhu

 * Just start editing! Here are some things I was going to work on but either no motivation or I just don't know enough about them:

 * RC circuit
 * RLC circuit
 * Electronic filter - This needs a list of butterworth, chebyshev, etc. and diagrams?
 * Butterworth filter
 * Chebyshev filter
 * Bessel filter
 * Elliptic filter
 * Electronic oscillator

 * - Omegatron 22:56, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Excellent work with the oscillator articles. Did you already know all this or are you adding it as you learn?  I'd like to know how a crystal oscillator is (induced? forced?) to pick a specific vibration frequency, considering the crystal can vibrate in many different modes and harmonics. - Omegatron 23:17, Mar 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks! I learned much of the oscillator theory many, many years ago when I worked as a summer intern at NASA/Goddard. My mentor was a highly insightful, very old school engineer by the name of Leonard Kleinberg. He holds many patents on several novel oscillator designs. One of his best designs can be found here It took me years to really appreciate all of the math he regularly threw at me, but some of it finally sunk in. I've been refining it over the years, Wikipedia gave me a good a place to publish and preserve it. I had to re-derive much of it as I didn't keep any notes. The derivations you see are all my work, I have not seen it published anywhere else.

 * Crystal oscillators can be tricky. I've spent many years working on overtone oscillators that didn't work! The answer is quite simple. Crystal oscillators are no different than any other oscillator. Oscillation will ocurr at a frequency where phase is zero and gain is greater than one (Barkhausen criteria). Stated differently, oscillation will ocurr at a frequency where total resistance is zero. In general, the losses increase with frequency, so the fundamental is the most likely mode. If you want to pick a specific overtone, add an LC tank that adds phase at all other frequencies or change the circuit to produce negative resistance only at a particular overtone. I've had success both ways, but one of the easiest ways is to build a standard LC oscillator near the overtone you want and put the crystal in series with the feedback loop. The crystal exhibits wild swings in reactance (and phase) near overtones, so the oscillator frequency shifts to make the crystal happy. Of course, you have to be close to an overtone or you will get the LC frequency, which isn't interesting. Madhu 02:39, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Neat. That makes 90% sense, and the rest I will stare at some circuit diagrams to get.  Complete understanding is on the tip of my brain...
 * As for keeping notes, teaching, and learning, I've found wikipedia to be a sort of "communal notebook". I try to write things here as I learn them, and, when I invariably forget something, it is easy to find where I wrote it down.  At the same time, other people can read and learn from it (and fix things I got wrong!)  Also, one of the best ways to learn something is to put it into words for someone else to read. - Omegatron 04:28, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC)

Modular electronics diagrams
What do you think of this?

Village_pump_%28proposals%29 - Omegatron 00:57, Mar 6, 2005 (UTC)

Helical antenna
Hello,

I have a question for you about one of your edits to the helical antenna article. The gain formula you entered seems to give rather high values, e.g. with the following setup:

f = 3GHz → λ = 0.1m

N = 10

C = 0.1m

S = 0.1m

you get:

 * $$D_o \simeq 15 N \frac{C^2 S}{\lambda^3} \rarr D_o \simeq 15\times10 \frac{0.1^2 \times 0.1}{0.1^3} = 150 dB$$

whereas most helical antennae I've seen on the market have gains in the 13-16 dB range. Is there something wrong with the formula, or just my use of it?

Whitepaw 13:14, 2005 May 9 (UTC)

 * I think the equation is right, at least it's the same as the one found at this website: http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/8092/ch3.html

 * I think you have a bad value for S, which is the spacing between turns. The numbers above results in a straight wire, I think?? Also the directive gain is not in dB, I should probably have mentioned that in the article... Madhu 22:14, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Ratings for commercial generators
Hi! It sounds like you might have worked the power industry, so I had a quick question: I toured a local coal fired plant here in the DC area. They had three generators, two were operational, one was offline at the time. Each was a 200 MW unit, surprisingly small, IMHO. Anyway, I think the output voltage at the generator terminals was something like 14 kV, but I can't remember, I could be wrong. If it is 14 kV, then the current would be around 14200 AMPS! That seems like a lot of current. If it is correct, the wire in the windings would have to be around 3 inches or so. Do I have my numbers wrong? The voltage couldn't be much more, even if it was double, that's still some very thick wire!! What do the windings look like in that size generator?? Can't be many turns... Madhu 19:33, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds about right - generators of that size are usually wound for a medium voltage (around 15 kV up to about 30 kV), and so the currents are very high. The machines are large so there's lots of room for very heavy copper windings; often these machines are cooled by water coils in the stator or by circulating hydrogen gas in the generator enclosure.  The windings are made of something called "Roebel bars", which is a rectangular section of copper with individual strands insulated from each other (for eddy currents), and the whole covered with insulation rated for the terminal voltage of the machine.  Large generators don't need many turns on each pole because the poles are  large; there's a lot of flux linked and so each turn produces more voltage - there could be only 3-4 bars in each slot for a 15-kV class machine.  The company ABB developed a concept called "Powerformer" in which high-voltage cable was used to make the windings; this allowed them to build a generator that directly produces transmission voltage (115,000 V or higher) but so far they've only built a few units.  Utiltities are very cautious and the technology is still very new. 200 MW is not the largest rating in the world but is still pretty big - in Manitoba where I live, the utility doesn't have any single generator as large as 200 MW in a total installed capacity of nearly 5000 MW. Utilities often would prefer to have 3 -200 MW units instead of one 600 for reliability reasons.  --Wtshymanski 15:39, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

New category
Based on your user page, this may be of interest to you:. Best regards, C HAIRBOY (☎) 17:04, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Helicopter rotor
Wow! Thanks for the history and generally helping to build this page. A pointer - when you include a link with a space in the name, you don't have to include an underscore. Just leave a space; Wiki will do the right thing! Benet Allen 20:06, 25 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks! Much of the history about Cierva is from memory, I read it many years ago, so it could use some expert review. Yeah, I often copy links from the URL textfield in my browser, so the underscore shows up :-( We really need a nice 3D drawing of a rotor head, swash plate, hinges, links etc. I'm not much of an artist, though... Madhu 00:56, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

Quotes
Hi Can I steal your quotes ? - CPES 04:03, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, they really aren't my quotes, so I can't claim any ownership. I won't complain if you include a link to my website :-) Madhu 00:59, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I saw this quote "An engineer is someone who will spend 3 hours figuring out how to solve a 2 hour problem in one hour" here and so I thought you would appreciate this one I heard a while back:

 * A half a glass of water sits on a table. An optimist sees the glass as half full, a pessimist sees the glass as half empty, an engineer sees that the glass is twice as big as it needs to be.  Alfred Centauri 00:43, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Question
Hi

Could you please tell me how to figure out the maximum current that a solenoid would draw? Also the formula in your page,

F = μ N^2 I^2 A/ 2g^2

So does the surface area of the ferromagnetic material being attracted have no effect?

thanks,

--Thecoolsundar (talk) 14:19, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

 * It is dependent on area, A is the area in the above equation. The assumption int this case is there are no fringing field lines. This is a reasonable assumption if the permeability of the materials is high and the gap is small. The current through a solenoid is limited by it's impedance. At DC, the impedance is the resistance of the coil. With AC, it's the sum of the resistance plus the inductive reactance of the solenoid.

Hi,

So this is what I did,

I took a cylinder of steel of Dia 44.7mm and wrapped insulated copper wire around it 148 times. The resistance of the winding was 9 ohms. I also connected a 100 ohms resistor in series with it and applied 24V DC to it.

So now; μ = 4Π * 10^-7 N/A^2

N = 148

I = 24/109 = 0.22A

A = 1569.5 mm^2

g = 0.3 mm

So F = 12.56*10^-7 (21904)(0.0484)(1569.5)/2*0.09 = 11.61 N

Right? So it should lift a mass of 11.61/9.8 = 1.18 Kg Right?

But it doesn't. Infact it doesn't even lift 1/4 that.

Why? What am I not understanding?

Thanks

59.92.156.22 (talk) 12:58, 26 August 2010 (UTC)

Sorry the preceding question was me but I forgot to sign in

also the length of the steel cylinder is 25.5mm

Thanks --Thecoolsundar (talk) 13:01, 26 August 2010 (UTC)

 * A straight cylinder with only one magnetic pole in contact with the load won't be very effective. The air gap includes the distance from each pole with the load in between, which is much larger than your estimate above. A complete magnetic circuit is best. You need to have both pole faces in contact with the load to achieve good lifting capability. You can use a U-bolt similar to a horse shoe magnet. You should file or grind the contact surfaces to a flat finish to get best results. Another common geometry uses two concentric cylinders closed at one end with windings around the inner cylinder. Industrial electromagnets commonly use concentric cylinders. Also, your units are not consistent. If you want to use MKS units, use meters for length, not mm. Madhu (talk) 22:21, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Msiddalingaiah


text: User talk:216.183.135.64

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:216.183.135.64


text:
Inshallah (disambiguation)

In sha'Allah (also Inshallah) is an Arabic phrase for "God willing".

In sha'Allah or Inshallah may also refer to:

Books

 * Inshallah (novel), a 1991 Italian novel by Oriana Fallaci
 * Inshallah: konflikten mellan Israel och Palestina, a 2001 Swedish book by Donald Boström
 * Inch'Allah, Marc-Édouard Nabe
 * Inch'Allah, Gérard Davet

Film and TV

 * Inch'Allah (1922 film), a French film directed by Marco de Gastyne and Franz Toussaint
 * Inshalla (1997 film) (ko), a Korean film by Min-Yong Lee with Min-su Choi, Yeong-ae Lee
 * Insha'Allah (2009 film) a Pakistan film starring Mehwish Hayat, Mohib Mirza, Saife Hassan
 * Inch'Allah (2012 film), a French-Canadian film directed by Anaïs Barbeau-Lavalette

Music

 * Inshalla (album), an album by Eskimo Joe
 * Insh'allah: The Music of Lion's Blood, by Heather Alexander 2006

Songs

 * "Inch'Allah" (Adamo song), 1967
 * "Inch'Allah" (MC Solaar song), 2002
 * "Inch'Allah" (Grand Corps Malade song), 2011
 * "Inch'Allah", a song by Samael from the 2004 album Reign of Light
 * "Inshallah", a song by Goodie Mobb from the 1998 album Still Standing
 * "Inshallah", a song by Yaakov Shwekey from his 2016 album We Are a Miracle
 * "Inshallah", a song by Sting from his 2016 album 57th & 9th
 * "İnşallah", a song by Sıla from the album İmza
 * "Insha Allah", a song by Maher Zain from the album Thank You Allah

title: Inshallah (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Cormega

Untitled
I don't believe that this page is a stub. Please also make edits on apostrophes in the Lyrics: my efforts caused the text to lose the italicization. Thanks for any help. 68.100.255.152

N.B. I put this comment on the talk page for you. In the future, please use the talk page, not the article, to make comments. Andrew pmk 03:40, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Image
someone help w/the format of the image; thanks

Nas Nas Nas
This article has almost nothing about his life but is mostly about his beef with Nas. Looks like it's up to me to take initiative again.

 * "Nobody should truly care about his feud with Nas. Cormega should be remembered for his consistency in delivering classic lyrics over well chosen beats. His first released LP, The Realness, is considered a street classic. American Beauty, a track in which he personifies hip-hop as a woman, overflows with creativity."

I agree with this but POV opinions never help articles. I mena, how you gonna tell people what they should care about? MrBlondNYC 11:58, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Why was his birthday taken off?
There used to be a DOB on here of April 27, 1973...why was it taken off?--Tainted Drifter (talk) 07:25, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

-- In other news --- I wonder why the part about his childhood is gone. I am talking about him witnessing his mother's death at a very young age, moving to Texas (I believe), and returning to Queensbridge later. Some living with his aunt & uncle too I believe. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 37.153.232.172 (talk) 14:55, 10 December 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Cormega


text:
Talk:Louis-Joseph Papineau

Joseph Papineau
The link to Joseph Papineau when you search papineau leads to this page (Louis-Joseph Papineau Joseph's Son) Can someone fix this?

Image
boob

There is now an additional public domain image of Papineau. Jkelly 06:52, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, the daguerreotype of Papineau. It is the one used on the French language article on Papineau at fr.wikipedia.org . -- Mathieugp 12:49, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

92 Resolutions
It says in the article that the 92 resolutions were passed by the Legislative Assembly on February 21st, 1834. I seem to have a different date for this - February 17th, 1834, passed by 56 votes to 32. Is there some kind of way to ascertain which one to use, or should I just go ahead and put my date in? I have a source for it, which I could put up once I find the book in the library. The Last Melon 01:21, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Link to "Historica Heritage Minute" deleted from "External Links" section of "Louis-Joseph Papineau" article
I posted a link to the "Historica Heritage Minutes" feature on "Hart & Papineau" in the "External Links" section for this article. This link, and similar "Historica Heritage Minutes" links in other articles, were deleted the next day. These Historica "Heritage Minutes" are very informative mini-documentaries about interesting people and events in Canadian history. Can someone at Wikipedia please tell me why the links to the "Hitorica Heritage Minutes" sites were deleted from the Wikipedia pages on Papineau and from similar Wiki articles? This is the URL of one the links that was deleted: Hart & Papineau http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10131 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Elmridge (talk • contribs) 15:22, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

mistake on M. papineau article PLease correct it.
There is a big mistake on Mr. L.J.P. Papineau article. We can read:

"What they did not realize was that the Louisiana Acadians had been substantially assimilated into the American melting pot."

This is a false affirmation. As we can read in Julie Elizabeth Hebert article, assimilation of Louisiana Cajun to English USA culture mainly occurs after the civil war. (Between 1860 and 1960 precisely)

This mistake makes Mr. Papineau look like an idiot who did not know what was happening in USA in 1830-1850. He lived in USA 2 years in 1837-1838, he was totally aware of the situation of Cajuns and the French culture was still very strong in the Louisiana of 1830-1850.

Please correct it.

Source Identifying Cajun Identity: Cajun Assimilation and the Revitalization of Cajun Culture By Julie Elizabeth Hebert http://www.loyno.edu/~history/journal/1999-2000/Hebert.htm —Preceding unsigned comment added by Simon Mer (talk • contribs) 16:59, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

No biographer of Papineau yet
The section entitled Character/personality(short) had several problems, the most obvious of it being its bias (probably unintended by the author). It is most likely true that Susan Mann described the Catholic clergy of Quebec as having "better networks across Quebec than did the railway", but if her opinion is consistent with the scientific literature on the subject, she was surely referring to the second half of the 19th century, coinciding with the rise of Ultramontanism in Europe, and the period of Quebec's history that begins after Papineau's liberal party was annihilated. The opinion of Fernand Ouellet on Papineau's character is even more biased and unfounded than that of Alfred Duclos de Celles. Basically, in terms of biographical information on Papineau, we have Laurent-Olivier David, Robert Rumilly and others who glorify him excessively, or Alfred Duclos de Celles and Fernand Ouellet who censor him. The truth is that some 140 years after Papineau's death, there is still no serious biography of him, which is a pity. Luckily, there never has been so much of his writings available online or in print than now, so people who are not afraid to read can form their own opinion of Papineau's character and personality whenever they want. -- Mathieugp (talk) 19:27, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

Montreal Annexation Manifesto

 * A convinced republican after a long exile in the United States and France, Papineau supported the Montreal Annexation Manifesto that called for Canada to join the United States of America.

I have checked Montreal Annexation Manifesto on Wikipedia, it sources from William Teatley's "Cornelius Krieghoff, the Shakspeare Club and the Annexation Manifesto", and I saw four Papineau among the signatories, but not Louis-Joseph Papineau. That claim seems clearly wrong.173.176.120.156 (talk) 21:38, 6 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks for bringing this up. I agree that Papineau's name does not appear on the list given in that article, but multiple other sources say that he either signed or supported it e.g. .  I think we have to go with the preponderance of historical sources here. --Slp1 (talk) 21:58, 6 July 2013 (UTC)

Metro station
Montreal metro stations are named for streets or landmarks near the station. They are almost never commemorative, except in a derivative sense. Thus Papineau metro station is named for Papineau Avenue. Papineau Avenue was originally Papineau Road, named for Louis-Joseph's father Joseph.

On the other hand, it is true that the name Papineau is much more frequently thought of in connection with Louis-Joseph, and the artwork in the Papineau station commemorates the son, not the father.

In summary: Louis-Joseph Papineau is commemorated by artwork installed in the metro station that serves the street named for his father.

– Justinbb (talk) 13:49, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
 * , I've corrected that in the lead, and added a couple citations, one for the public artwork in the Metro station, and another for the school. Do you think that both of these should be moved to a new section - maybe called Legacy? Netherzone (talk) 15:08, 15 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Louis-Joseph Papineau


text:
Fasting in Islam

In Islam, fasting (known as ', صوم; or ', صيام; ) is the practice of abstaining, usually from food, drink, sexual activity and anything which substitutes food and drink. During the holy month of Ramadan, is observed between dawn and sunset when the  of the Maghrib prayer is sounded. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar and fasting is a requirement for Muslims as it is the fourth of the five pillars of Islam.

Introduction
Religious fasting is not a uniquely Muslim practice; it has been practiced for centuries by religions such as Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Judaism, and Taoism, among others. It is stated in the Quran that Allah says:

"O you who believe, fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may develop God-consciousness."

- Quran 2:183

Some cultures in North America fasted to serve as penance for sin and avert catastrophes. The official practices of the Inca Empire and many indigenous peoples of Mexico observed fasts to appease their gods. Former nations such as Assyrians and Babylonians observed fasting as a form of penance. Jews observe fasting as a form of purification and penitence on the Day of Atonement or Yom Kippur annually. Food and drinks are not permitted on this day.

Fasting took a different form in the West such as hunger strikes, which are used as a political weapon, a technique made popular by the leader of India's struggle for freedom, Mahatma Gandhi. He undertook fasts to compel his followers to obey his precept of nonviolence. Early Christians associated fasting with purification and penitence in the first two centuries. The Christian church made fasting a voluntary preparation for receiving the sacraments of adult baptism and Holy Communion and for the ordination of priests. Later, fasting became mandatory  and other days were  added. The Lenten fast was expanded in the 6th century to 40 days where one meal was allowed each day. Fasting was retained by most Protestant churches and was made optional in some cases after the Reformation. However, stricter Protestants condemned both the festivals of the church and their traditional fasts. Roman Catholics fast on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday; their fast may involve partial abstinence from food and drink or total abstinence.

In the Quran
In the Quran, the practice of fasting is mentioned. In verse 2:183, the Quran expresses situations in which a Muslim is allowed to abstain from fasting and introduces alternative solutions such as feeding needy people. Also, it is emphasized in verse 2:183–185 that it is not necessary for people who are traveling or sick to be fasting, and can be postponed until "another equal number of days." According to verse 5:95, among other things, fasting may be used to make up for certain sins, such as sacrificing an animal during a state of. Verse 2:185 also states that the Quran was revealed in the month of Ramadan. Another verse, 97:1, states that it was revealed "on the Night of Power," where Muslims observe in one of the last 10 nights of Ramadan.

"O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, even as it was prescribed for those before you, that ye may ward off (evil); (Fast) a certain number of days; and (for) him who is sick among you, or on a journey, (the same) number of other days; and for those who can afford it there is a ransom: the feeding of a man in need – but whoso doeth good of his own accord, it is better for him: and that ye fast is better for you if ye did but know – The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the Criterion (of right and wrong). And whosoever of you is present, let him fast the month, and whosoever of you is sick or on a journey, (let him fast the same) a number of other days.[...] It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast.[...] So hold intercourse with them and seek that which God hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall; and touch them not when at devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by God, so approach them not. Thus God expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil)."

"Perform the pilgrimage and the visit for God. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to God, and know that God is severe in punishment."

"O ye who believe! Kill no wild game while ye are on the pilgrimage. Whoso of you killeth it of set purpose he shall pay its forfeit in the equivalent of that which he hath killed, of domestic animals, the judge to be two men among you known for justice, (the forfeit) to be brought as an offering to the Ka'bah; or, for expiation, he shall feed poor persons, or the equivalent thereof in fasting, that he may taste the evil consequences of his deed. God forgiveth whatever (of this kind) may have happened in the past, but whoso relapseth, God will take retribution from him. God is Mighty, Able to Requite (the wrong)."

"Such of you as put away your wives (by saying they are as their mothers) They are not their mothers; none are their mothers except those who gave them birth—they indeed utter an ill word and a lie. And lo! God is Forgiving, Merciful. Those who put away their wives (by saying they are as their mothers) and afterward would go back on that which they have said; (the penalty) in that case (is) the freeing of a slave before they touch one another. Unto this, ye are exhorted, and God is informed of what ye do. And he who findeth not (the wherewithal), let him fast for two successive months before they touch one another; and for him who is unable to do so (the penance is) the feeding of sixty needy ones. This, that ye may put trust in God and His messenger. Such are the limits (imposed by God); and for disbelievers is a painful doom."

Definition
Fasting is primarily an exercise of devotion to willingly renounce oneself, for a definite period of time, from all bodily appetites in order to form spiritual discipline and self-control. Muslims are prohibited from eating or drinking from dawn to sunset  when the  is sounded. It is considered time to begin fasting when a person standing outside can tell a white thread from a black thread, i.e. the light of the dawn and the darkness of the night.

Intention ()
"The intention means resolving to fast. It is essential to have the intention the night before, night by night, in Ramadaan." For fasting, making the intention to fast is necessary.

General conditions
Throughout the duration of the fast itself, Muslims will abstain from certain provisions that the Quran has otherwise allowed; namely eating, drinking, and sexual intercourse. This is in addition to the standard obligation already observed by Muslims of avoiding that which is not permissible under Quranic or shari'a law (e.g. ignorant and indecent speech, arguing and fighting and lustful thoughts). Without observing this standard obligation, the is rendered useless and is seen simply as an act of starvation. Fasting should be a motive to be more benevolent to fellow creatures. Charity to the poor and needy in this month is one of the most rewardable worships.

If one is sick, pregnant, menstruating, nursing, or traveling, one is considered exempt from fasting. Any fasts broken or missed due to sickness, pregnancy, menstruation, nursing, or traveling are made up whenever the person is able before the next month of Ramadan. According to the Quran, for all other cases, not fasting is only permitted when the act is potentially dangerous to one's health – for example, those who are sick, elderly, or on a journey, and women who are menstruating, pregnant, or nursing are permitted to break the fast, but this must be made up by paying a, which is essentially the and  for a fasting person who requires such financial help.

Muslim scholars have stated that observing the fast is forbidden for menstruating women. However, when a woman's period has ceased, she must bathe and continue fasting. Any fasts broken or missed due to menstruation must be made up whenever she can before the next month of Ramadan (not all Muslims believe missing fasts due to menstruation must be made up). Women must fast at times when not menstruating, as the Quran indicates that all religious duties are ordained for both men and women. The reason for this is because the Quran refers to menstruation as "Say: It is a discomfort (Menstruation)". According to Nouman Ali Khan, an Islamic speaker in the United States, the reason for this prohibition is because of the pain associated with it. A Muslim woman may still do (remembrance of Allah) and make  (supplication to Allah) during this time.

Fasting is obligatory for a person if they fulfill five conditions:

 * 1) They are Muslims;
 * 2) They are accountable (past the age of puberty);
 * 3) They are able to fast;
 * 4) They are settled (not traveling);
 * 5) There are no impediments to fasting such as sickness, extreme pain from injury, breastfeeding, or pregnancy.

Breaking the fast and the consequences
During Ramadan, if one unintentionally breaks the fast by eating or drinking, then they must continue fasting for the rest of the day and the fast remains valid. Those who intentionally break the fast by eating or drinking, they have to make up for that and also repent. For breaking fast by having sexual intercourse, the consequences are:
 * 1) Free a slave, and if that is not possible,
 * 2) Fast for two consecutive  (moon) months, and if that is not possible,
 * 3) Feed or clothe sixty people in need.

During voluntary fasts, if one unintentionally breaks the fast then they may continue for the rest of the day and the fast remains valid. If one intentionally breaks the fast there is no sin on them, because it is only voluntary.

Breaking oaths and consequences
If an oath is given and circumstances dictate that it must be broken (or if the one giving the oath deliberately breaks it), one must offer expiation by freeing a slave, or feeding or clothing ten needy people with the average of what is needed for one's own family, or if neither of those can be done then a fast for three days is prescribed instead.

Beginning and ending

In accordance with traditions handed down from Muhammad, Muslims eat a pre-dawn meal called. All eating and drinking must be finished before the for, the pre-dawn call to prayer. Unlike the and the  prayer, which have clear astronomical definitions (afternoon and after sunset), there are several definitions used in practice for the timing of "true dawn", as mentioned in the hadith. These range from when the center of the Sun is 12 to 21 degrees below the horizon which equates to about 40 to 60 minutes before civil dawn. There are no restrictions on the morning meal other than those of Islamic dietary laws. After completing the, Muslims recite the prayer. No food or beverage can be taken after. Water can enter the mouth, but not be swallowed, during.

The meal eaten to end the fast is known as. Muslims break the fast with dates and water before the prayer, after which they might eat a more wholesome meal.

Spiritual aspect
Fasting has been prescribed to all Muslims as a form of religious obligation for overcoming their lust and desires within a reasonable limit so that one can control oneself and prevent becoming a slave to their appetites. The Qur'an states that if humans cannot prevent themselves from desires then they cannot achieve salvation:

"As for him who fears to stand before his Lord and restrains himself from low desires, Paradise is surely the abode."

Muslims abstain from a permissible norm of daily life due to the command of Allah so it strengthens one's self-control and increases consciousness of the Lord. It is not prescribed as a punishment for people or to inflict burdensome practices. It is a moral and spiritual training whose underlying idea is to teach moderation and spiritual discipline so that human temptations do not surpass the moral disciplines implemented in Islam. Furthermore, fasting is mandatory for only a definite period of time and does not promote total renunciation from the appetite of the flesh. Eating, drinking, and sexual intercourse become permissible for a human at the end of the fast. Therefore, Islamic fasting aims at promoting proper limits within its natural bounds.

Health effects
Islamic fasting, as a time-restricted eating habit that inverts the normal human day-night routine for observance, can have deleterious health effects on sleep patterns and general health. Fasting in Ramadan has been shown to alter the sleep patterns and the associated hormone production.

Statistical comparison of thousands of school children, part of whom was born without the month of Ramadan during pregnancy and part of whom where Ramadan coincided with the pregnancy, has revealed lower cognitive capability, and lower growth in adolescence if the mother observed Ramadan fasting during pregnancy. Children whose mothers fasted during Ramadan also have a higher incidence of several chronic diseases, e.g. Type 2 diabetes (see the ruling regarding fasting pregnant women).

Fasting is one of the alternatives proved to reduce the DPP-4 level and activate the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and so, prevent osteoporosis. On the other hand, the circadian rhythm has a direct relationship with osteoporosis. This has been found by the biochemical markers, indicating that fasting at certain hours of the day, especially during those hours of the day which are recommended as part of the Muslim tradition (Islamic fasting), is very effective in reducing the effects of osteoporosis.

The education departments of Berlin and the United Kingdom have tried to discourage students from fasting during Ramadan, as they claim that not eating or drinking can lead to concentration problems and bad grades. Ramadan fasting has also been associated with loss of workplace productivity by 35 to 50%.

Many of the purported health benefits associated with Ramadan fasting only take into account abstinence from food while ignoring the lack of water intake, which can have a harmful impact even in healthy individuals. In many cultures, it is associated with heavy food and water intake during Suhur and Iftar times, which may do more harm than good.

Ramadan fasting is safe for healthy people provided that overall food and water intake is adequate, but those with medical conditions should seek medical advice if they encounter health problems before or during fasting. The fasting period is usually associated with modest weight loss, but weight can return afterward.

A review of the literature by an Iranian group suggested fasting during Ramadan might produce renal injury in patients with moderate (GFR <60 ml/min) or severe kidney disease but was not injurious to renal transplant patients with good function or most stone-forming patients. However, since sick and/or at-risk individuals are exempted from the obligation of fasting, Ramadan fasting may be skipped instead.

Ramadan fasting can be potentially hazardous for pregnant women as it is associated with risks of inducing labor and causing gestational diabetes, although it does not appear to affect the child's weight. it is permissible to not fast if it threatens the woman's or the child's lives, however, in many instances, pregnant women are normal before the development of complications. Thus, it may be advisable for pregnant women to skip fasting and pay fidyah instead (if the women are able to pay; poor people may be exempted fully).

If one is at risk of dehydration or other medical risks, which may lead to serious consequences, then it is permitted to break one's fast. It has been advised to span the water intake throughout the night (instead of drinking heavily at a single time) and not to overeat upon the breaking of the fast as a solution of the usually reported excessive water and food intake on the sunset (excessive eating and drinking is actually prohibited in Islam). One can break their fast and substitute it on other months or pay fidyah if they are an obvious risk of health concerns, breastfeeding or pregnant (fidyah in this case) or in a work requiring hard physical labor according to Muhammad Abduh.

It is permissible to skip fasting for a healthy person upon obvious risk, even if he has not fallen the risk yet, and the author of Al-Mughni (Ibn Qudamah) stated in his book that some scholars even permitted skipping fast upon very light harm such as toothache or bruises on skin and if a traveling person is permitted to skip fast even if he is able to, then these type of "sickness" should be permitted. This position is said to be held by Bukhari, 'Ata and the Zahiris.

Month of Ramadan
Fasting in the month of Ramadan is considered. Ibn Qudamah said that there is consensus of the Muslims that fasting is compulsory in the month of Ramadan.

Days of oath
If someone swears or makes an oath, for example: "If I graduate with a good mark, I will fast for three days for Allah" then common belief dictates that one should fulfil this. This type of fasting is considered obligatory. Breaking such an oath is considered sinful.

Days for voluntary fasting
Muslims are encouraged, although not obliged, such as:

 * Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays.
 * Any 6 days in the lunar or "Islamic" month of Shawwal is desirable if possible.
 * The White Days, the 13th, 14th, and 15th day of each lunar month (Hijri).
 * The Day of Arafah (9th of Dhu'I-Hijja in the Islamic calendar).
 * As often as possible in the months of Rajab and Sha'aban before Ramadan.
 * First 9 days of Dhu al-Hijjah in the Islamic calendar (but not for any who are performing Hajj (the pilgrimage).
 * Tasua (9th day) and Ashura (10th day) of Muharram.

Days when fasting is forbidden
Although fasting is considered a pious act in Islam, there are times when fasting is considered prohibited or discouraged according to the majority of the sunni scholars:

The Quran contains no other prohibition regarding the days of fasting.
 * Eid al-Adha and three days following it, because Muhammad said "You are not to fast these days. They are days of eating and drinking and remembering Allah", reported by Abu Hurairah.
 * Eid al-Fitr
 * It is also forbidden to single out Fridays and only fast every Friday, as 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al-'As said that he heard Muhammad say "Verily, Friday is an eid (holiday) for you, so do not fast on it unless you fast the day before or after it."
 * Fasting every day of the year is considered non-rewarding; Muhammad said: "There is no reward for fasting for the one who perpetually fasts." This Hadith is considered authentic by Sunni scholars.

In polar regions

Nothing in the Quran states directly any instruction in the polar regions of Earth and fasting; according to the opinion of the Council of senior scholars in Saudi Arabia. At polar latitudes, June solstices feature the midnight sun and December solstices have polar night. These natural phenomena occur because the Earth's axis tilts toward the Sun in summer and away from the Sun in winter, causing the poles to be exposed to the Sun's rays for six months each nonstop. The reason most of the earliest Muslims did not experience these phenomena during Islam's early days is that they did not live in polar regions but in the subtropics, where the sun can be directly overhead and does set at night.

In the Ma'ariful Qur'an it is said that the Quran states: "(During Ramadan) eat and drink until the white thread of dawn appears to you distinct from its black thread."

- Qur'an, 2:187

This results that fasting is a duty for Muslims only when days and nights exist, otherwise fasting is not necessary.

The Muslims of Svalbard in Norway have to fast only when a night occurs within one 24-hour period. If Ramadan comes in June or December, they may leave fasting and then complete their fasting in the March or September equinox, when days and nights are equalised by the sun in Svalbard. In Islamic law it is called.

"God intends every facility for you; He does not want to put you in difficulties. (He wants you) to complete the prescribed period, and to glorify Him in that He has guided you, and perchance ye shall be grateful."

- Qur'an, 2:184

title: Fasting in Islam


text:
Tsugaru, Aomori

Tsugaru (つがる市) is a city located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 30,128 in 13487 households, and a population density of 120 persons per km². The total area of the city is 253.55 sqkm. The city's name is atypical for a Japanese place, in that it is written in hiragana rather than kanji (see hiragana cities).

Geography
Tsugaru is located on the west coast of Tsugaru Peninsula, facing the Sea of Japan. The Iwaki River flows through the city. Parts of the city are within the borders of Tsugaru Quasi-National Park.

Neighbouring municipalities
Aomori Prefecture
 * Hirosaki
 * Goshogawara
 * Ajigasawa
 * Tsuruta
 * Nakadomari

Climate
The city has a cold humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) characterized by warm short summers and long cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Tsugaru is 10.6 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1298 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 23.9 °C, and lowest in January, at around -1.3 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Tsugaru has decreased steadily over the past 60 years.

History
The area of Tsugaru was part of the holdings of the Tsugaru clan of Hirosaki Domain in the Edo period. After the Meiji restoration, the area was organised into Nishitsugaru District, Aomori. With the post-Meiji restoration establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the area became part of Nishitsugaru District, Aomori on April 1, 1889. The village of Kizukuri was raised to town status on May 1, 1901. Kizuki expanded by merging with the neighboring villages of Koshimizu, Shibata, Kawayoke, Shussei, Tateoka and part of Narusawa on March 30, 1955.

The city of Tsugaru was established on February 11, 2005, from the merger of the town of Kizukuri, and the villages of Inagaki, Kashiwa, Morita and Shariki (all from Nishitsugaru District).

Government
Tsugaru has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 20 members. Tsugaru contributes one member to the Aomori Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Aomori 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The economy of Tsugaru is heavily dependent on agriculture and commercial fishing. The city serves as a minor regional commercial center. Agricultural produce includes rice, apples, melons, watermelons, and Brasenia.

Education
Tsugaru has seven public elementary schools and five public junior high schools which is operated by the city government, and one public high school operated by the Aomori Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.

Railway
East Japan Railway Company (JR East) - Gonō Line
 * Kizukuri - Nakata - Mutsu-Morita - Koshimizu

Highway

 * E64 Expressway (Japan).jpg Tsugaru Expressway

Local Attractions

 * Takayama Inari Shrine
 * Kamegaoka Stone Age Site, a National Historic Site
 * Tagoyano Shell Mound, a National Historic Site
 * Lake Jūsan

Sister city relations

 * 🇺🇸 – Bath, Maine, United States – Friendship City from 2006
 * 🇯🇵 – Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan – from 1994
 * 🇯🇵 – Shiraoi, Hokkaido, Japan – from 2005

Noted people from Tsugaru

 * Rio Matsumoto, actress
 * Nitta Hachirō, singer of popular and classical music
 * Shunkichi Takeuchi, politician, former Aomori governor
 * Gento Uehara, songwriter
 * Kenroku Uehara, songwriter

The town has produced many top sumo wrestlers over the years. Among them are:
 * Wakanohana Kanji I, yokozuna
 * Takanosato Toshihide, yokozuna
 * Asahifuji Seiya, yokozuna
 * Wakanosato Shinobu, sekiwake

title: Tsugaru, Aomori


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Der Judenstaat

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mackensen (talk) 00:50, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Der Judenstaat
The main feature on this page is the link, might be a candidate for speedy deletion with the new rules --nixie 03:42, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, website advertisement, article as it stands is un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 04:22, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Umm, that would be a very strong Keep and Expand. A snippet from www.us-israel.org, "Theodor Herzl, the father of political Zionism, outlined his vision for a Jewish state in Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State) ..."  Sounds notable to me. Wolfman 06:45, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Certainly notable and should be expanded, but if not: merge with Theodor Herzl and redirect. It can always be recreated later with more content. (However, the Herzl article already has a link to an English translation of Der Judenstaat. Is there any difference?) / u p p l a n d 09:32, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Redirect. It's all very well saying expand, but are you going to do it? Whoever created this article appears to have done it purely to advertise their website. If someone else comes along one day and writes a decent article that's all well and good, but today is not that day. — Trilobite (Talk) 14:30, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't understand the concern over the link. It's not to a commercial site.  It just links to the plain book.  But, since it troubles you, I'll wikisource the book (now done).  This seems like one of the most influential books ever written as far as its impact on modern geopolitics.  A redirect discourages any future development, better to simply delete than that.  In contrast, a brief stub encourages development.  Wolfman 17:58, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, don't redirect, I agree that discourages further development; please, someone who knows Herzl's work firsthand, expand this! -- Jmabel | Talk 08:08, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, request expansion somehow. Wile E. Heresiarch 07:32, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:67.175.254.220

title: User talk:67.175.254.220


text:
Love Me If You Dare (film)

Love Me If You Dare (Jeux d'enfants) is a 2003 romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Yann Samuell. It stars Guillaume Canet and Marion Cotillard as best friends Julien Janvier and Sophie Kowalsky who begin playing a game of dares as children and find themselves unable to stop as they grow older, even when the game threatens to destroy their lives.

The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on 29 August 2003. It was released theatrically in France by Mars Distribution on 17 September 2003 and in Belgium by Cinéart on 24 September 2003.

Plot
The film begins where a little girl, Sophie, is being bullied by other children. Only a bus driver and a boy, Julien, help her collect her books that the others have thrown into a puddle.

To cheer Sophie up, Julien gives her a small tin box, a gift from his fatally ill mother. Because it is important to him, he asks her to lend it back to him from time to time. As Julien wants the box back at the moment he gave it to her, Sophie demands proof of how important it is to him. Julien disengages the handbrake of the bus without hesitation, and the bus full of children rolls down a hill. Their game has begun: the box changes its owner after each completed dare.

Between the son of wealthy Belgian parents and the daughter of poor Polish immigrants a lasting friendship develops. As children, they misbehave in school, wreak havoc on a wedding, and request silly tasks of each other. As teenagers, their romantic relationships with others suffer as a result of their dares. Meanwhile, the two friends ignore any consequences or punishment during their game.

While they are always looking for the next kick, a love is slowly evolving between the protagonists. Not wanting to admit it, they divert their attention from it by even more extreme dares.

As young adults, Julien tells Sophie that he wants to get married, only later revealing that he means to someone else. The climax is reached when Sophie interrupts Julien's wedding, after which he is cast out by his father and Sophie is nearly killed during another game. Julien returns to marry his wife, and Sophie declares that they will not see each other for ten years.

Ten years pass, and Julien is married with two children. Sophie has also married her husband, a famous soccer star. A successful Julien admits that he has not forgotten Sophie, though he assumes that she has forgotten him. On the night of Julien's tenth wedding anniversary, Sophie sends a message to him, indicating that the game is back on. Julien and Sophie meet for a brief moment in the midst of another dare, yet it is enough to remind Julien that their game is "better than life itself." After a dramatic accident, Julien and Sophie finally reunite, despite the protestations of their spouses.

The film has two alternate endings, which are shown consecutively. In the first, Julien and Sophie decide as an ultimate dare to finally share their dream together, their "dream of an eternal love" – the pair embrace while they stand in a construction pit that is about to be filled with concrete. The couple kiss as they are pulled beneath the cement, and both drown in the sludge. The other ending has the now aged Julien and Sophie spending time together in a garden and carrying on playing their game with milder dares.

Cast

 * Guillaume Canet – Julien Janvier
 * Thibault Verhaeghe – 8 year old Julien
 * Robert Willar – 80-year-old Julien
 * Marion Cotillard – Sophie Kowalsky
 * Joséphine Lebas-Joly – 8 year old Sophie
 * Nathalie Nattier – 80-year-old Sophie
 * Gérard Watkins – Julien's father
 * Gilles Lellouche – Sergei Nimov Nimovitch
 * Emmanuelle Grönvold – Julien's mother
 * Julia Faure – Sophie's sister
 * Laetizia Venezia – Christelle Louise Bouchard
 * Élodie Navarre – Aurélie Miller
 * Frédéric Geerts – Igor
 * Manuela Sanchez – Teacher
 * Philippe Drecq – School headmaster

Filming
Filming took place mostly in Liège, Belgium in 2002.

Soundtrack
The song "La Vie en Rose" permeates the film and dominates much of the soundtrack. Several distinct versions are used, including the Édith Piaf original, covers by Donna Summer, Louis Armstrong, the Brazilian A cappella group Trio Esperança, and French pop artist Zazie, as well as a handful of instrumental cuts. Coincidentally, Marion Cotillard went on to win an Oscar for her portrayal of Piaf in the film La Vie en Rose, also called La Môme. Additionally, Cotillard was subsequently cast in Inception, a science-fiction thriller where Piaf's song, "Non, je ne regrette rien" plays a key role.

A piano arrangement, Ouverture by Philippe Rombi, can also be heard throughout the film.

Track listing

 * 1) Ouverture – 5:05
 * 2) Love Theme – 2:29
 * 3) Solitude / L'Escalier du Temps – 2:22
 * 4) Beethov' Fantaisie / Cap Ou Pas Cap? – 1:22
 * 5) Jeux d'enfants – 2:12
 * 6) Les Lunettes Magiques – 1:51
 * 7) Derniers Instants – 2:41
 * 8) Premier Baiser – 2:20
 * 9) Declaration / Separation – 2:30
 * 10) Invitation – 5:15
 * 11) La Vie en Rose (Trio Esperança) – 2:33
 * 12) 10 Ans Plus Tard – 2:23
 * 13) Mieux Que La Vie (Poursuite) – 2:23
 * 14) La Vie en Rose (Donna Summer) – 4:56
 * 15) Le Meilleur et le Pire – 1:49
 * 16) Sous la Pluie – 3:30
 * 17) Pour Toujours (Love Theme) – 1:49
 * 18) La Vie en Rose (Louis Armstrong)-3:24
 * 19) La Vie en Rose (Zazie) – 3:54

Reception
The film received mixed reviews from North American critics. It holds a 44% "Rotten" rating and a 5.3/10 average rating on review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes based on 79 reviews. The critical consensus states that "The romantic leads are too obnoxious and self-centered to generate interest or sympathy." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 45 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film two out of four stars and called the film "strangely frustrating, because Julien and Sophie choose misery and obsession as a lifestyle, and push far beyond reason." Conversely, James Berardinelli of Reelviews.net awarded the film three out of four stars and praised Canet and Cotillard's performances, opining that they "make one of the most delightful screen couples in recent years."

title: Love Me If You Dare (film)


text:
Ataullah Mengal

Ataullah Mengal (عطاءاللہ مینگل; 24 March 1929 – 2 September 2021) was a Pakistani politician and feudal figure. He was the head of the Mengal tribe until he nominated one of his grandsons, Sardar Asad Ullah Mengal, as his tribal successor. He was also the 1st Chief Minister of Balochistan during Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's premiership from 1 May 1972 to 13 February 1973. He died on 2 September 2021 in Karachi.

Early life
Ataullah Mengal was born on 24 March 1929 in Wadh Tehsil and spent most of his childhood in Lasbela before moving to Karachi, Sindh. He was declared the chief (sardar) of the Mengal tribe in 1954.

Career in politics
Mengal was introduced to politics by Mir Ghaus Baksh Bizenjo. Bizenjo ran the election campaign of Mengal and Mengal was later elected to the West Pakistan provincial assembly in 1962. As a member of the legislature, Mengal was critical of the Ayub Khan regime and their One Unit Scheme; one of his speeches against them led to his arrest on charges of sedition.

In May 1972, he was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Balochistan. During this time, Mengal became the first chief minister of Balochistan. During the brief tenure in office, tax reforms were instituted and a new police force was formed in Balochistan. Freedom of speech and of the press were encouraged and, in the words of Bizenjo, the governor at the time, Balochistan became "an island of freedom in a sea of political inequalities". Mengal was dismissed by the then Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in February 1973; one day after Bhutto took office, Mengal, Bizenjo and other local leaders were arrested by the Bhutto government.

Mengal was not released from prison until after General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's 1977 military coup. He chose to go into a self-exile in London during Zia-ul-Haq's rule. On 31 March 1985, he participated in the founding of Sindhi–Baloch–Pashtun Front there.

In the late 1990s, Ataullah Mengal returned to Pakistan and formed the Balochistan National Party (BNP). Mengal-led BNP emerged as one of the largest parliamentary group during the general elections in Pakistan. Mengal's son, Akhtar Mengal (b. 1962), then became the Chief Minister of Balochistan in a coalition government with support from the Jamhoori Wattan Party (JWP). Ataullah was elected in 1998 to become party chief of BNP, but the disputed results prompted the departure of several key party members.

In the 1990s, Mengal was also the head of Pakistan Oppressed Nations Movement (Ponm).

In 2009, Sardar Ataullah Khan Mengal was one of many candidates considered for the position of President of Pakistan after the resignation of Pervez Musharraf. He was also considered for the post of interim prime minister in 2012 and president of Pakistan in 2013, but he declined the offers.

Mengal's active participation in politics of Pakistan declined because of his advance age and health issues.

Death and burial
Mengal died in Karachi, Sindh on 2 September 2021 due to cardiac arrest. He had had cardiovascular disease. A Balochistan National Party (BNP) spokesman confirmed his death and announced that Mengal will be buried in his ancestral graveyard in Wadh, Khuzdar District. Many Pakistani politicians including the President of Pakistan, Arif Alvi, and the Chief Minister of Balochistan, Jam Kamal Khan, expressed their condolences over the death of the veteran Pakistani politician. The Chief Minister of Sindh, Murad Ali Shah, and the Speaker of Balochistan assembly, Mir Abdul Quddus Bizenjo, also expressed their condolences over the death of Mengal.

Pakistan Peoples Party chairman, Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) chief, Fazlur Rehman, also expressed their profound grief and sorrow at the death of the veteran politician. On 3 September, his body was buried in his native town Wadh in Khuzdar District of Balochistan.

title: Ataullah Mengal