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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phil Fury

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 07:03, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Phil Fury
Phil Fury is apparently a young wrestler. After googling him, the only relevant link I found was his blog. The January 25, 2005 entry says "I look forward to my imminent wrestling debut".

Note that this page was nominated for deletion on January 26, but there was no consensus.

Nothing links to Phil Fury.

 * Delete, vanity. dbenbenn | talk 22:44, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this horrid vanity. Phils 22:57, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I believe I voted delete the last time too. Inter 23:26, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, ditto. Wagiles 00:34, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not encyclopedically notable, I didn't check the edit history to see whether the "vanity" tag applies. Article says he suffered a spinal injury in 2002 wrestling in a 1-on-2 match.  Too bad we can't transwiki to DarwinAwardWiki, because this guy apparently AGREED to take two guys on at once.  Barno 00:38, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * That wouldn't make him a darwinner, as he wouldn't have lost reproductive functions, but really, delete. humblefool® 03:04, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: No, but it's harder to use reproductive functions with a broken back. And can a guy who goes back into the ring after healing be considered smart enough to attract a fertile woman?  Barno 19:50, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. - Jpo 00:38, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this icky promotional material. Wyss 02:24, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - fails Google test, possible vanity. Megan1967 06:08, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Dwain 23:16, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN, Vanity. — Asbestos | Talk 23:17, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Amarok (Mike Oldfield album)

Amarok is the thirteenth studio album by English multi-instrumentalist and songwriter Mike Oldfield, released in May 1990 by Virgin Records. Oldfield originally conceived it as an "angry protest album", showcasing his musical technique. It is presented as a single sixty-minute track of continuous, uninterrupted but constantly changing music.

Background
In July 1989 Oldfield released Earth Moving, his twelfth album for Virgin Records. By this time, his relationship with the label had become increasingly fraught as a result of disagreements over his contract, royalties, and the lack of effort in promoting his albums. Earth Moving was an album whereby he "listened to Virgin totally" in regards to its musical direction, which became a success in continental Europe, but received a disappointing reaction in England, for which Oldfield received "some flak" from Virgin over the matter. Oldfield was now required to deliver two more albums as part of his Virgin contract and in the summer of 1989, he started on one with the aim of pleasing his fans while annoying Virgin executives. Oldfield deemed Amarok his "personal revenge" for Virgin's lack of support.

The idea for Amarok originated in August 1989, when Oldfield recorded a session for broadcast on BBC Radio 1 that included a 7-minute excerpt of his debut album Tubular Bells (1973) performed by himself. Oldfield had fun in the process, which inspired him to make Amarok in such a way. When Oldfield started to write and arrange "Amarok", he ignored the pressures of delivering commercial material for Virgin and instead "let it all come out without any interference [...] I felt I was getting ideas from somewhere inside me, and six months later I had a whole album." He decided upon an album that contained one 60-minute piece which, unlike his previous long tracks, was not split into sections. Such a format would create difficulty for Virgin to market or promote with radio airplay. He avoided letting a theme become something that Virgin might have identified suitable for a single, and developed ideas by "imagining sound, not picture".

Oldfield's contract with Virgin expired on 1 January 1991.

Recording
Amarok was recorded at Oldfield's home studio, then located in Roughwood Croft, a converted coach house in Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire. He assigned Tom Newman as co-producer and engineer, who had worked on Oldfield's debut album Tubular Bells (1973). Oldfield was happy to work with Newman again as he previously worked alone, so having assistance in technical operations allowed him to focus more on the music. He also praised Newman's encouragement to give his best performances. A typical day saw the pair work weekdays from 10 a.m. to around 6 p.m. with weekends off; they purposely avoided alcohol and drugs while making the album.

It was recorded on 48-track and mixed with a Harrison mixing console. Oldfield's decision to combine AMS Neve amplifiers with Brüel & Kjær microphones made the album "sound much better than anything I've done". It marked a departure from the sound of his recent albums from the 1980s as he avoided his Fairlight CMI computer and C-Lab sequencer and used little of his synthesisers. He acquired a 1908 baby grand piano, played Hammond, Farfisa, and Lowrey organs and used real percussion instruments. For some sections he created bass and snare drum sounds by hitting his thighs with his hands that were fed into an AMS system.

Music
Oldfield's previous works featured the artist playing a wide variety of instruments. This continued with Amarok, including (in the spirit of techniques such as bricolage and the ethos of Musique Concrète) a number of items such as shoes, spoons, a Hoover vacuum cleaner and the "contents of aeromodeller's toolbox". Though tubular bells are used on the album, they are listed as "long thin metallic hanging tubes" in the liner notes.

Oldfield said Amarok does not fit into the New age genre as "it kicks you in the arse occasionally".

The work has many influences from African music, mainly through the use of both vocal and percussion elements.

Two of the album's sections, "Mandolin Reprise" and "Africa I: Far dip", feature Oldfield's processed "caveman" voice, first used on Tubular Bells – i.e. him shouting partly unintelligible words into the microphone while running the tape at a much higher speed than normal, which resulted in a significantly lowered vocal pitch when played back at normal speed. Various other sections include short samples of Oldfield talking, and the "Intermission" section consists of multi-tracked and delayed recordings of his voice reciting the list of instruments played on the album, at a low volume level.

The final section of "Amarok" features Janet Brown's impersonation of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

Comparison to Ommadawn
Oldfield's original concept was to make Amarok a sequel to his third album, Ommadawn (1975). Despite Virgin suggesting to rename the album Tubular Bells II based on its style and strength of the music, Oldfield refused and later said: "if anything, it's Ommadawn II". Many of the people who were involved in the creation of Ommadawn—Jabula, Clodagh Simonds, Bridget St John and Paddy Moloney—also appear on the album.

In addition, William Murray, who co-wrote the song "On Horseback" for Ommadawn, photographed the Amarok cover photo and wrote the short story included in the liner notes. Murray used David Bailey's Ommadawn cover photograph as an inspiration, and Tom Newman created the brass lettering that accompanies the photograph on the album cover.

Oldfield has said that Amarok was an experiment to see whether he could again create an album without the aid of computers, which he had used increasingly in his work. He said that he wanted to focus more on the musicianship, playing all of the instruments himself, by hand. However, slightly contrarily, he has also discussed the role that Amiga computers had in the album's creation.

Title and packaging
Of the album's name, Oldfield has said: "It doesn't have a real meaning but it's similar to many Gaelic words, like those for morning or happy. And if you split the letters up, you get Am-a-rok... it could mean: am a rock. Maybe that implies I don't want to change anything by following trends."

To promote the album, Oldfield spent his own money organising a mailing list for fans who purchased tickets to his shows through Visa and those who had signed up for additional information on Amarok. For them, he offered a £1,000 prize of his own money to the first person to find the hidden message that he had incorporated into the music. The message is a Morse code sequence made from synthesized trumpets, located 48:04 minutes into the piece, that spells out "FUCK OFF RB", a reference to Virgin founder Richard Branson, who had signed Oldfield to the label in 1973. The contest did not receive a winner.

In a parody of listening instructions on the sleeve of Tubular Bells, the album's back cover reads: "HEALTH WARNING – This record could be hazardous to the health of cloth-eared nincompoops. If you suffer from this condition, consult your Doctor immediately".

Lyrics excerpts

 * The "Sondela" finale of "Africa III" (from 58:44 to 60:02, the end), sung in the Xhosa language:

 * " Sondela / uSomandla / sukuma / wena / obengezela. "
 * Come closer / the Almighty / arise / you / shining one.
 * (Come closer to us, o Almighty: arise, you who shines.)

Release
In Australia the album was released in a double pack with Tubular Bells.

The album was not promoted with singles or a concert tour; Oldfield agreed to several interviews and radio commercials on BBC Radio 1.

Live performance
Although Oldfield has never performed the work live in its entirety, a duo comprising American pianist Gus Fogle and bassist Jason Miller performed the piece in April 2012, after it had been transcribed note for note by Welsh composer and arranger Ryan Yard.

Quotes
I am told that when men hear its voice, it stays in their ears, they cannot be rid of it. It has many different voices: some happy, but others sad. It roars like a baboon, murmurs like a child, drums like the blazing arms of one thousand drummers, rustles like water in a glass, sings like a lover and laments like a priest...

Personnel

 * Mike Oldfield – acoustic bass guitar, acoustic guitar, banjo, bass guitar, bass whistles, bouzouki (misspelled in the liner notes as "bazouki"), bell tree, bodhran, bowed guitar, cabasa, classical guitar, electric guitars, keyboards, effects, Farfisa, Lowrey and Vox organs, Flamenco guitar, glockenspiel (misspelled in the liner notes as "glockenspeil"), high-string guitar, jaw harp, kalimba, mandolin, marimba, melodica, Northumbrian bagpipes, penny whistles, percussion, piano, psaltery, rototom, sitar guitar (a Coral electric sitar), spinet, timpani, tubular bells (listed as "long thin metallic hanging tubes"), twelve-string guitar, ukulele, violin, vocals, and wonga box.
 * Janet Brown – voice of "Margaret Thatcher"
 * Jabula – African choir and percussion
 * Paddy Moloney – tin whistle
 * Clodagh Simonds – vocals
 * Bridget St John – vocals
 * Tom Newman – producer and engineer.

Amarok Sampler
Amarok Sampler is a promotional CD-Maxi released in Germany in May 1990 including 5 excerpts from the album, with catalogue number 663,271,000.

 * 1) "Amarok" (3:09) excerpt I
 * 2) "Amarok" (3:22) excerpt II
 * 3) "Amarok" (9:30) excerpt III
 * 4) "Amarok" (1:53) excerpt IV
 * 5) "Amarok" (2:29) excerpt V

Amarok X-Trax
Amarok X-Trax is the name of two promotional CD-Maxis, one was issued in UK with catalogue number AMACD 1DJ, and one was given away free with W H Smith's in-store magazine Insight, with catalogue number AMACD 1. The WH Smith version included I, II & V from AMACD 1DJ.

 * 1) "Amarok" (3:05) excerpt I
 * 2) "Amarok" (4:16) excerpt II
 * 3) "Amarok" (3:47) excerpt III
 * 4) "Amarok" (5:18) excerpt IV
 * 5) "Amarok" (5:38) excerpt V

Charts
The album did not chart very highly, but managed to enter the top 50 in various European countries.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Amarok (Mike Oldfield album)


text: User talk:209.179.168.53

title: User talk:209.179.168.53


text:
Talk:List of men's road bicycle races

A lot of these aren't that important. I think we should move this to 'list of professional cycle races' or something, any objections? A.K.A.47
 * I've now moved it to List of road bicycle racing events. Because who decides whether a particular race is important or not? And as it says at the top of the article, it is for raod bicycle races only, so the new title reflects that. As previously it was implying that mountain bike races etc are not 'important'. But I'm still not quite sure about the new title. Maybe change it to List of road bicycle races or similar? --Vclaw 20:57, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

There should be at least some women's races on this page, right? Khrister 13:50, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

specific year gradings: why?
Why are some years, already under the heading for the appropriate UCI grading, accompaniedby a note of the grading for the current year? Why is Paris-Tour, not part of the World Tour, included under th WT header with a note that oit is not part of it. This looks like argumentativeness, which is not an encyclopaedic purpose. Kevin McE (talk) 14:44, 19 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Why does this list exist? we already have Category:Road bicycle races. I thought there was some wiki guideline/rule on this kind of list vs category, but I don't remember which. -EdgeNavidad (Talk · Contribs) 18:42, 19 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I think you mean Categories, lists, and navigation templates - which says we can have overlap as readers like to browse in different ways. My problem with this list has always been - how to set the criteria for inclusion? There have been hundreds of professional races - do we include them all, or do we somehow limit? SeveroTC 19:40, 19 April 2011 (UTC)
 * That's the one I meant, although I thought it said something completely different... Anyway, if this list is to improve, it needs sourcing and a definition of 'important'. Importancy is best defined by the UCI, so this list would basically become a copy of this list, plus the lower categories linked from that webpage. And with these lists, it is kind of wiki tradition to ignore the history and only focus on the current status. So, in my opinion, if this list has grown, it will give the same information as 2011 UCI World Tour, 2010–2011 UCI Europe Tour, etc., with the results removed. Useless in my opinion, but I'm sure it will survive AfD.
 * On the other hand, if this article would not ignore history, and give a sourced historic overview of road bicycle races, it would really be an improvement to the wikipedia. But I don't think that will happen. --EdgeNavidad (Talk · Contribs) 17:48, 20 April 2011 (UTC)
 * We could do it, even if we were only to add the races we currently have articles for. My trouble is I don't know where to end with it :/ (FWIW I would include defunct races.) We could make a big improvement here... (Thinking out loud) I wonder if any other sports have such an expansive list anywhere, I will have a look. SeveroTC 19:50, 21 April 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of men's road bicycle races


text: Category:High schools in Oklahoma

title: Category:High schools in Oklahoma


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Official Solicitor

The Office of the Official Solicitor is a part of the Ministry of Justice of the Government of the United Kingdom. The Official Solicitor acts for people who, because they lack mental capacity and cannot properly manage their own affairs, are unable to represent themselves and no other suitable person or agency is able or willing to act. The Official Solicitor acts for England and Wales only, as Scotland and Northern Ireland have separate legal systems and judiciaries.

Historically, states have recognised the need for representation of an incapacitated person when a benevolent relative or friend cannot be found to act on his behalf, this is the function of the Office of the Official Solicitor. The Official Solicitor becomes formally involved when appointed by the Court, and she can act as her own solicitor, or instruct a private firm of solicitors to represent her. The Official Solicitor has two main functions. Firstly, in England and Wales, her main function is to represent children and adults who are incapable of representing themselves in various courts, including the Court of Protection. She also acts as last resort personal representative for the estate of a deceased person, or trustee of a trust. Secondly, in the area of international child protection obligations to which the UK government is a signatory, the Official Solicitor deals with cases brought under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction through the International Child Abduction and Contact Unit (ICACU). In this capacity she deals with international child abduction and contact issues and handles maintenance enforcement in cases where one parent lives outside the UK through the Reciprocal Enforcement of Maintenance Orders Unit (REMO).

Background and history
The development of the functions of the Official Solicitor can be traced back to the 18th century when the Office of the Six Clerks, which is mentioned in Samuel Pepys’ Diary, assisted destitute litigants, lunatics and infants in Chancery suits and this form of support continued until the modern system of legal funding came into effect. In 1842, the Office of the Six Clerks was abolished by the Court of Chancery Act and John Johnson was appointed Solicitor to the Suitors’ Fund by the Lord Chancellor to represent ‘paupers, infants and lunatics’ where there was no ‘natural protector’. By an order dated 4 December 1871, Lord Chancellor Hatherley appointed Henry Pemberton to be the Official Solicitor to the High Court of Chancery in England and directed him to perform the duties formerly carried out by the Solicitor to the Suitors' Fund, although by 1875 the original duties of the office of Solicitor to the Suitors' Fund had largely disappeared. The present office was created by an Order of the Lord Chancellor made on the 6 November 1875 with the approval of the Presidents of the newly constituted divisions of the High Court and of the Treasury, under the power given to him by Section 84 of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873 to appoint officers to serve the Supreme Court generally. Lord Chancellor Cairns by an order dated 7 February 1876 then appointed Henry Pemberton to be The Official Solicitor to the Supreme Court of Judicature.

Episodes in which the Official Solicitor has intervened have generally arisen when there has been a legal stalemate. In 1921 the Official Solicitor intervened to arrange the release from prison of a female Labour councillor from Poplar who had been imprisoned along with most of the members of Poplar Borough Council, for having refused to raise the rates, arguing that the poor inhabitants of Poplar could not afford to pay any more. In 1972 the Official Solicitor, Norman Turner, broke a legal stalemate between the Trades Union Congress and the government known as the Pentonville Five case, in which five shop stewards from the dockers' union were imprisoned on a charge of contempt. The Official Solicitor was also called upon by the Secretary of State for the Department of Trade and Industry to deal with the issue of pirate radio broadcasting by Radio Caroline.

The present legal basis of the Office of the Official Solicitor dates from 1981 when, under s.90 of the Supreme Court Act 1981, that the Official Solicitor became a statutory officer of the then-Supreme Court of England and Wales appointed by the Lord Chancellor under the name of Official Solicitor to the Supreme Court. The offices of the Official Solicitor to the Senior Courts and the Public Trustee are now housed in one office building, but they continue to have separate functions. On 1 April 2007 the Official Solicitor and Public Trustee merged with the Court Funds Office to become the Offices of Court Funds, Official Solicitor and Public Trustee. This new organisation was an associated office of the Ministry of Justice. They were split up again on 1 April 2009. The new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom was established under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 and came into effect in October 2009, separating the judicial and law-making functions of the House of Lords for the first time. In October 2009, the 12 Law Lords who hear appeals in Parliament became the first Justices of the Supreme Court. At the same time, the Supreme Court of England and Wales is renamed the Senior Courts of England and Wales, and the Official Solicitor to the Supreme Court became the Official Solicitor to the Senior Courts.

International Child Abduction and Contact Unit
The International Child Abduction and Contact Unit (ICACU) is the section of the Office of the Official Solicitor that is the Central Authority of England and Wales for international child abduction and contact issues under the terms of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction and the European Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Decisions Concerning Custody of Children and on Restoration of Custody of Children.

External sources

 * Office of the Official Solicitor official website

title: Official Solicitor


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Brad Stuart

Bradley Stuart (born November 6, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in over 1,000 career games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the San Jose Sharks, Boston Bruins, Calgary Flames, Los Angeles Kings, Detroit Red Wings, and Colorado Avalanche.

Stuart was a member of the Stanley Cup-winning 2007–08 Detroit Red Wings, his first and only Stanley Cup win.

San Jose Sharks
Stuart was drafted in the first round, third overall, in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft by the San Jose Sharks. In a game against the Los Angeles Kings on April 4, 2004, Stuart scored twice in a 17-second span, forcing the game into overtime at a 3–3 tie; Stuart's feat is the fastest that a Sharks player has scored two goals. The Sharks went on to win 4–3.

In November 2005, after playing with the Sharks for more than five seasons, Stuart was traded (along with Marco Sturm and Wayne Primeau) to the Boston Bruins in exchange for Joe Thornton.

Calgary Flames
On February 10, 2007, Stuart was traded to the Calgary Flames (again alongside Wayne Primeau) in exchange for Andrew Ference and Chuck Kobasew. Boston general manager Peter Chiarelli cited his inability to agree on a new contract with Stuart, who was scheduled to become an unrestricted free agent at the end of the 2006–07 season, as a reason for the trade.

Los Angeles Kings
After the end of the season, Stuart signed a one-year, $3.5 million contract with the Los Angeles Kings.

Detroit Red Wings
On February 26, 2008, the Kings traded Stuart to the Detroit Red Wings in exchange for second- and fourth-round picks in the 2008 and 2009 NHL Entry Drafts, respectively. On June 4, 2008, Stuart won the Stanley Cup as a member of the Red Wings, where he saw time as a top-four defenceman paired with Niklas Kronwall. On July 1, 2008, as an unrestricted free agent, Stuart re-signed with the Red Wings on a four-year, $15 million contract. Stuart returned to his hometown of Rocky Mountain House on August 17, 2008, with the Stanley Cup to share his celebration with those that supported him.

Stuart played in 67 games during the 2008–09 season, recording 2 goals and 13 assists as the Red Wings came within one game of repeating as Stanley Cup champions, losing in the 2009 Stanley Cup Finals to the Pittsburgh Penguins.

He would record 61 points in the next three seasons with the Red Wings.

Return to San Jose
On June 10, 2012, Stuart's negotiating rights were traded to the San Jose Sharks in exchange for the negotiating rights to forward Andrew Murray and a conditional seventh-round pick in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft. Eight days later, it was reported Stuart signed a three-year, $10.8 million deal with the Sharks. On October 8, 2013, in a game against the New York Rangers, Stuart landed a hit on Rick Nash which led to Stuart's being suspended for three games. Stuart finished the season with 11 points in 61 games before surrendering a three-games-to-none series lead in the Conference Quarterfinals to the Los Angeles Kings.

Colorado Avalanche and retirement
On July 1, 2014, with the Sharks intent on getting younger, Stuart accepted a trade to provide a veteran presence to the Colorado Avalanche in exchange for second- and sixth-round picks in the 2016 and 2017 NHL Entry Drafts, respectively. On September 29, 2014, before playing a game with the Avalanche, Stuart signed a two-year contract extension with the organization. Stuart played in his 1,000th career game on December 18, 2014. Stuart finished the regular season with 3 goals and 10 assists for 13 points in 65 games as the Avalanche failed to qualify for the 2015 playoffs.

In the 2015–16 season, his second season with the Avalanche, Stuart appeared in only six games before he was ruled out with a back injury on November 10, 2015. With little sign of improvement, on February 1, 2016, it was announced Stuart's season was over after he underwent back surgery. During the subsequent off-season on June 27, 2016, with the Avalanche aiming to go younger on defence, Stuart was bought out from the remaining year of his contract, ending his tenure with Colorado.

title: Brad Stuart


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Leo Nomellini

Leo Joseph Nomellini (June 19, 1924 – October 17, 2000) was an Italian-American football player and professional wrestler. He played college football for the Minnesota Gophers and was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the first round of the 1950 NFL draft. He played 14 seasons as a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL), all of them with the 49ers, playing his first three years as an offensive tackle as well. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1969.

Nomellini was a three-time tag team champion in wrestling.

Early life
Nomellini was born at Lucca, Tuscany, Italy, and immigrated to the United States as an infant to Minnesota, before later moving to Chicago, Illinois, where he attended Crane High School. After high school, he joined the Marine Corps. It was there that in 1942, he first started playing football.

College career
After the war, he received a football scholarship to the University of Minnesota, where he became a two-time All-American and the 49ers' first NFL draft choice in 1950. While at Minnesota, Nomellini was a member of Delta Chi fraternity.

Professional career
Nomellini was selected in the 1st round (11th overall) of the 1950 NFL draft, the first draft pick in the NFL by the San Francisco 49ers. As a professional, he appeared in 174 regular-season games and started 166 for his 14-year career.

While with the 49ers, he played both offensive and defensive tackle, winning All-Pro honors at both positions. He was selected to the All-NFL team six times: two years on offense and four years on defense. "He was as strong as three bulls," said 49ers teammate Joe Perry. "He'd slap you on the back and knock you twenty feet." Nomellini was named to the NFL's all-time team as a defensive tackle. In 1969, he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame and in 1977, the College Football Hall of Fame.

NWA San Francisco
During the off-season Nomellini often wrestled professionally as Leo "The Lion" Nomellini debuting in Minnesota in 1950. For his career, he was a 10-time tag team champion. He won his first tag team championship in NWA San Francisco on March 14, 1952, when he teamed with Hombre Montana. The duo defeated Ben and Mike Sharpe for the NWA World Tag Team Championship (San Francisco version). Four months later, Nomellini and Gino Garibaldi won the NWA Pacific Coast Tag Team Championship. In April 1953, Nomellini regained the NWA Pacific Coast Tag Team Championship while teaming with Enrique Torres when they defeated Fred and Ray Atkins. Nomellini and Torres defeated the Mike and Ben Sharpe on May 6, 1953 for the NWA World Tag Team Championship (San Francisco version). On May 11, 1954 Nomellini teamed with Rocky Brown to defeat the Sharpes and win the NWA World Tag Team Championship (San Francisco version). In 1957, Nomellini, again teaming with Torres, defeated Lord James Blears and Ben Sharpe for the NWA World Tag Team Championship (San Francisco version).

While working for the National Wrestling Alliance, Nomellini once defeated Lou Thesz in a two-out-of-three falls match, but was not awarded the NWA World Heavyweight Championship because the first fall was a disqualification.

NWA Minneapolis Wrestling and Boxing Club/American Wrestling Association
Nomellini would leave NWA San Francisco to head to Minnesota to work for Verne Gagne and the NWA Minneapolis Wrestling and Boxing Club.

On May 15, 1958, Nomellini, teaming with Verne Gagne defeated Mike and Doc Gallagher for the NWA World Tag Team Championship (Minneapolis version). He would win the title again on July 14, 1959, while teaming with Butch Levy and defeated Karol and Ivan Kalmikoff. He would win it for the last time on July 19, 1960, once again teaming with Gagne and defeating Stan Kowalski and Tiny Mills.

Nomellini won his final professional wrestling championship on May 23, 1961, when he and Wilbur Snyder defeated Gene Kiniski and Hard Boiled Haggerty for the AWA World Tag Team Championship.

He retired from wrestling in 1965.

Death
Nomellini died on October 17, 2000, after suffering a stroke.

Championships and accomplishments

 * George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Class of 2008
 * NWA Minneapolis Wrestling and Boxing Club - American Wrestling Association
 * AWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Wilbur Snyder
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship (Minneapolis version) (3 times) - with Verne Gagne (2) and Butch Levy (1)

 * NWA San Francisco
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship (San Francisco version) (4 times) - with Hombre Montana (1), Enrique Torres (2), and Rocky Brown (1)

title: Leo Nomellini


text:
Talk:Formal concept analysis

Untitled
What about unicorns? Concept, yes, but extension, no.
 * 1. Formal concept analysis is about formal concepts in respect to a formal context. The only concept, which may have empty extent is the bottom concept, which always has the entire attribute set as intent.
 * 2. Talking (non-formally) about unicorns leads to a concept in a fantasy setting, which provides imaginary objects to the "real world". So the concept unicorn has a (non-empty) extension. Excluding imaginary objects from "real wolrd" leads to a concept, too, but it is usually not useful to call it unicorn.

WTF is Formal Concept Analysis?
I actually know Lattice Theory out the wazoo, but I still fail to understand what this article is about. Does anyone care to shed any light on the subject? In particular, what is the purpose of this subject? How is it useful? Why is it interesting enough that people have written books and articles on it? It seems vaguely interesting but the current article doesn't really communicate the usefulness or purpose of this subject. Cazort 21:40, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

 * My naive understanding is that's a principled way of automatically deriving an ontology from a collection of objects and their properties. So it's useful to the extent that ontologies are useful more generally and to the extent that the properties are easier to define and derive than the full ontology. —David Eppstein 22:21, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Can anyone help fix Sample exclusion dimension? Michael Hardy (talk) 16:55, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I think the definitions there are unambiguous. What's left out is why you should care; for that I guess you need to refer to the Valiant article (which I haven't yet done). But it has little or nothing to do with formal concept analysis. A concept in that setting is a subset of a given domain; the difficulty of learning a concept is the number of membership queries you have to do to distinguish it from all other concepts in a concept class; and the exclusion dimension is the difficulty of the hardest concept in the class. —David Eppstein (talk) 06:33, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Recovering the context from the Hasse diagram vs. Example
The first sentence in Recovering ... reads: ''The Hasse diagram of the concept lattice ... encodes enough information to recover the original context from which it was formed.''

Looking at the graphics of the Example (O = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}, A = {composite,even,odd,prime,square}) and following the description in Recovering I wonder how to recover for example every single of the three numbers 3, 5, 7 from the Hasse diagram since the diagram with O' = {1,2,3,4,6,8,9,10}, A' = A is the same but without the objects 5 and 7 (or the one "ignoring" 6 and 8: O= {1,2,3,4,9,10}, A = A). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.184.91.223 (talk) 13:06, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

The example section should be after the formal definition
I would add an extra point to the comment above: it doesn't make much sense to instantiate the example, before stating the formal definitions. The comment above is from 2008, almost 4 years old. In this case I may change the order, and improve both sections if there is no further comments within 2 months Pedro 17:32, 24 February 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pcgomes (talk • contribs)
 * Gowers disagrees. It can be difficult to read formal definitions without having a clear example in mind first. I think the "intuitive description" provides enough of the framework to understand the example, without getting as abstract as possible as quickly as possible. —David Eppstein (talk) 18:03, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

Recent edits - major revision based on the German article
Today there was some back-and-forth between me and Jwollbold regarding the start of the article. See this diff for Jwollbold's suggested replacement for the start. My take on it is that the new text is far too formal and abstract, giving readers no idea what FCA is good for or why they should care about it, and that we should start more gently and non-technically as the previous introduction did. But I welcome more discussion here. —David Eppstein (talk) 18:31, 22 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi David, fine that a discussion starts, even if initially abrupt - better than few development of the article since 3 years. Nobody had the energy for a profound revision, although several people from the FCA community expressed discontent with missing subjects and unusual presentation and notation. My opinion:
 * The article gives readers no idea what FCA is good for ;-), e.g. regarding philosophical background and applications.
 * The definition of a concept is far from the formalism based on the Galois connection between O and A.
 * Building an ontology (in the stricter sense) is only one amongst many applications.
 * "'Natural' object cluster" is non-standard terminology.
 * Concept algebra and weak negation are too special subjects and should be shifted to a new article.
 * Implicational theory and Attribute exploration are missing completely.
 * The layout of the context and lattice are unusual.

 * I participated in Dborchmanns elaboration of a completely new, formally exact German article, for which he still has many ideas. The introduction was meant as an intuitive description - since you don't like it, we should develop a new version together, possibly also move parts to a new section as already tried. Concrete ideas and edits will follow - please respect that I can't be actif in Wikipedia every day. --Jwollbold (talk) 22:17, 22 April 2012 (UTC)
 * My basic issue with the new version is that phrases like "is the concrete representation of complete lattices and their properties by means of (one-valued) formal contexts" fails to convey any intuition (because there are no intuitive concepts in here, only mathematical abstractions), fails to be readable to people who are not already experts in lattice theory (because otherwise why should they know what a lattice is or why it is important to represent it), uses phrases that even I as someone who has edited this article don't understand (what is one-valued?), and for that matter doesn't even link to the appropriate other Wikipedia articles to explain what these terms mean (note that lattice is a disambiguation page). Basically, you are writing as if the audience is yourself, someone who already knows and appreciates the subject. Per WP:TECHNICAL, we need to start our audiences addressing as broad an audience as possible, and that means saving the technical details for later to the extent possible. —David Eppstein (talk) 23:18, 22 April 2012 (UTC)

 * I only looked at your contribution after my last edit. You are right, starting with "the concrete representation..." could be difficult to understand. In principle, I tried to make my text more readable - your turn to rewrite it. --Jwollbold (talk) 23:26, 22 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Your version now seems much more compact and understandable. My text was more suitable for an introduction mentioning important terms, not primarily for an intuitive description. Hence the first sentence and the notion of one-valued (or single-valued, usual) formal context in contrast to many-valued (a relation between objects, attributes and their values). Both terms will be explained later, as well as the philosophical background.
 * We should revise the lead section and "Overview and history" again, if the mathematical parts are translated from the German article. Do you agree to have extensive formal definitions and the main theorem like there, with additional intuitive explanations? --Jwollbold (talk) 07:37, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

 * David, you are right with your critism of the introduction, and I think that the introduction in the german article also suffers from too many unexplained phrases. As soon as I have time I'll try to fix this.
 * However, I would not like to refer to Formal Concept Analysis as a technique of machine learning or of data analysis. It is a mathematical theory with strong philosophical background, which gained attention in those fields.  The main motivation of Formal Concept Analysis was to find a correspondance between lattices (in the sense of order theory) and formal contexts.  I think that a good introduction should reflect that.  I hope that we can find such an introduction together that honors all those facets of FCA. Dborchmann (talk) 07:40, 23 April 2012 (UTC)
 * To me this statement of motivation makes no sense. The main early results of FCA were to find this correspondence, but before knowing that the coreespondence exists how could it serve as motivation? I was guessing that it was more likely that the early motivation was to provide a mathematical foundation for classifications such as Map of lattices or the standard classifications of quadrilaterals into different types, but that is only a guess. —David Eppstein (talk) 15:35, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

 * The motivation and aim was restructering lattice theory by relating it to human thinking about reality, i.e. data and concepts. Hence, the "concrete representation of complete lattices". I should translate first "Motivation und philosophischer Hintergrund", then it becomes clearer. --Jwollbold (talk) 16:38, 23 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't understand what you mean by "a principled way of deriving..." Could you explain it so that we can write a clearer sentence? Diego (talk) 13:21, 24 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Based on mathematical principles rather than ad hoc. —David Eppstein (talk) 15:55, 24 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Could we then use the word formal instead of "principled" so that we can use a wikilink to explain the concept? Diego (talk) 16:14, 24 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I think the first sentence is too jargon-ish and abstract anyway. Stating that it's based on mathematical principles could be done in the second sentence, or by saying "based on mathematical principles" instead of "principled". Diego (talk) 16:16, 24 April 2012 (UTC)

Revision of German Article
We have considerably revised the German version of this article about a year ago. "We", this is a group, most of us mathematicians at "Ernst Schröder Center for Conceptual Knowledge Processing". Among us, Bernhard Ganter one of the authors of ''Formal Concept Analysis. Foundations and Applications online-description, Peter Burmeister and Karl Erich Wolff', retired math professors who also were involved in the development of FCA. (see Overview and history and References)

One of our main goals in revising the article was, to write the article in a way, not only comprehensible to mathematicians, as Wikipedia is an encyclopedia for everyone. Not to mention, that Rudolf Wille who can be regarded to be the father of FCA always tried hard to get math out of the ivory tower.

We would like to blend in some of our ideas into this English article. I have tried to translate the introduction of the German article to English: User:MRewald/FBA. We are interested in a cooperation to improve the article.

In the German article we also have replaced the example section by an example, we believe to be more related to practical use. This would be one of the next sections I'd be going to translate. We also have added a list of publications which deal with the practical application of FCA.

I just uploaded a figure in English language with the line chart of the example we used in the German article. Example (de)

Looking forward to productive cooperation --MRewald (talk) 20:32, 23 November 2017 (UTC)

Revision based on the German article
I have started revising the article, based on the work of the German editing group (see the post of MRewald above. A revison seems necessary because the article contains many inaccuracies. Moreover, some parts of it are not really about the topic.

 * So far I have modified the first two paragraphs. Comments are welcome.

--Bernhard Ganter (talk) 09:49, 8 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Meanwhile I have also changed the section on Contexts and concepts. However, I need some help from a typography wizard, since I was too stupid to typeset the \mapsto symbol in HTML. Instead, I had to use the math environment, but that looks different. Bernhard Ganter (talk) 10:30, 8 December 2017 (UTC)

 * And the sections on concept lattices, as well as negation.

 * Warning: I plan to remove much of the "Algorithms" section. That section is mostly devoted to comparing many algorithms which all solve the same problem: generating all formal concepts. Most of these algorithms are much shorter than this section. My opinion is that such a comparison is not appropriate in this article. If one really believes that all these algorithms deserve to be presented in WP, then I suggest an extra article for that. I am open for discussion.

--Bernhard Ganter (talk) 13:29, 8 December 2017 (UTC)
 * So I did. --Bernhard Ganter (talk) 06:19, 9 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Rewrote the "implications" section and integrated the "concept algebras" into a new section called "extensions of the theory". --Bernhard Ganter (talk) 16:13, 8 December 2017 (UTC)
 * This symbol: "↦"? You can try copying and pasting from here. —David Eppstein (talk) 06:01, 9 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Great! That works! I am happy! Thank you! --Bernhard Ganter (talk) 06:19, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Most of the revison is now completed, some work is still to do. Most importantly, the citations need to be tidied up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bernhard Ganter (talk • contribs) 16:58, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

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Disambiguation tags removed
I have removed the "disambiguation needed" tags in the data set on "bodies of water". Reason: this data is a citation from a semantic field study, and should therefore not be altered. The author of that study did not disambiguate, because that is left to the semantic field. --Bernhard Ganter (talk) 16:46, 2 February 2018 (UTC)

Triadic Concept Analysis
In the section "Extensions of the theory: Triadic concept analysis", Klaus Biedermann should be cited, not only Rudolf Wille. Biedermann did the formalization of the "triadic Galois connection" and other triadic fundamentals. Wille invented the derived trilattice structure and diagram.70.112.90.106 (talk) 11:46, 30 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Formal concept analysis


text:
Talk:DVD-D

Untitled
Sony has a connection on the back of their latest LCD monitors that is labeled as DVD-D, and is a digital connection to a PC graphics card. This does not appear to agree with the definition of DVD-D as a self destructing "Disposable DVD format ?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.32.152.160 (talk • contribs) 22:38, 9 February 2005

 * No it does not and DVD-D limited time play disc is not a SONY product. DVD-D belongs to a Swiss based company: FDD Technologies AG. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.127.68.44 (talk • contribs) 14:08, 26 May 2006

 * You're thinking of DVI-D, DVI Dual link. --87.68.220.114 (talk) 15:32, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Use for top secret information
Would it be safe to use this type of disc for distributing top-secret information (Like the self-igniting tapes in spy movies) or could the data be recovered by advanced methods? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 65.188.253.13 (talk) 01:51, 8 February 2007 (UTC).
 * Depends on how long they take to disintegrate.... I still think the best way to make sure no one finds out whats on the dvd/cd is to break it or shatter it with a screwdriver or something... Ilikefood 21:43, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

I know that recordable DVD-D exist. One category is playable only once. So it makes data more secure! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.215.182.199 (talk) 13:07, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

How does it work
How exactly does a DVD-D go about destroying itself? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.236.30.253 (talk) 04:26, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

lol —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.110.101.211 (talk) 19:22, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

It's probably made of some material that begins to naturally disintegrate after several hours. Seeing as you have to open the cardboard box for it to begin this process, it's probably sensitive to oxygen, CO2 or even light. --87.68.220.114 (talk) 15:34, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

The page linked in the arcticle does NOT indicate how the destruction works. Please remove the link. According to http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Video-DVD-mit-Selbstzerstoerungsmechanismus--/meldung/106665 it is NOT a chemical process ("[it] can be kept even in its opened package indefinitely."). The German version of the DVD-D website makes it seem more likely that the destruction mechanism has to do with the rotation in the player, as they mention that explicitely. 99.250.59.104 (talk) 14:00, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Dating??
This article does not mention any years... is this product recent, as in 2008, or older, as in 2000, etc. When is this product?? --Smumdax (talk) 19:50, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

DVD?
Isn't DVD an acronym for Digital VERSATILE Disc?

Centrisian (talk) 23:08, 1 August 2008 (UTC)
 * NO! Some marketing types decided to try to push that idea on people because it would make it easier to market DVD for other things, but the fact of the matter is that it originally stood for "Video". Additionally, considering these things destroy themselves, they are most certainly NOT versatile anyways, LOL. Almost nobody would want DVD-D as a format for software or anything else they intended to keep. Zaphraud (talk) 19:03, 15 July 2009 (UTC)

---YOU=== are way off on this, as the original charter documents by the consortium cleary state that the disc is to be named the "Digital Versatile Disc" or "DVD". 98.24.47.175 (talk) 19:23, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Indeed it is Digital Versatile Disc - that's why the logo found on DVD-players reads DVD Video, while it reads DVD Audio on the rare high-end hifi machines which play DVD Audios only. There are also some machines which play back both, and their logo reads DVD Audio/Video. Whereas computer drives got a logo which reads DVD ROM or DVD-RW or DVD+/-RW ... it would make no sense at all if DVD stood for Digital Video Disc. -- Alexey Topol (talk) 15:23, 5 October 2013 (UTC)

Environmental Impact
There should be a section on what the environmental impact would be if these things actually catch on. It seems to me that adding a disc created primarily out of polymerized bisphenol-A to the environment every single time someone views a movie might eventually pose a problem.Zaphraud (talk) 19:05, 15 July 2009 (UTC) This has been questioned... but a disc is only 18 grams of polycarbonate..; It can be recycled, and if incinerated, it is not more CO2 emission than an average car running 200 yards.. and most people in America use their cars to go to the rental shop... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.215.182.199 (talk) 13:15, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
 * To recycle CDs you'll have to ship them to a special recycling center - a normal recycling facility cannot process this type of waste. In a properly sealed landfill (where nothing biodegrades, ever), they might be OK, but evidence exists for the biologically accelerated decomposition of polycarbonate into BPA at room temperature and pressure: Bisphenol A is released from used polycarbonate animal cages into water at room temperature. The problem is easily minimized with the current use of the DVD and CD formats, however the transition to a disposable format will encourage users to throw the things literally everywhere the instant they are done using them - they make great frisbees after all - perhaps leading to a significant increase in localized BPA releases from environmentally accelerated decomposition of DVD-D trash. It is not hard at all to imagine a DVD-D disposed of in the bin of a public park after a family picnic, where it may fester under the heat of the sun with trapped moisture released from disposed food - and thats a scenario where the user actually may have thought they were properly disposing of the product! Zaphraud (talk) 04:43, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

don't understand
"However, if a movie or audio production is in progress, the media may be played until the conclusion even if the 48 hours have expired.[citation needed] The DVD-D becomes void directly after if a production was paused or stopped then is played to the end post-48 hour expiration window." "Production"? What production? Also I can't parse the second sentence. Please clarify so stupid readers like me can understand this. 84.134.165.184 (talk) 22:03, 27 April 2012 (UTC)

 * I suggest deleting the quoted sentences, unless a source for the statements surfaces. This page seems to be low-traffic, so I won't do anything about it for a while at least. Eroen (talk) 10:49, 23 November 2012 (UTC)

 * I'm assuming that "production" refers to the disc spinning. This is pure speculation, but if the disc were to destroy its index, it's technically possible to keep playing the rest of the disc undisturbed - given that it wasn't stopped at any point. (Production => producing audio/video from disc's data, hence the audio/video would be a product and the conversion process would be production?) --109.246.243.174 (talk) 18:51, 17 April 2013 (UTC)
 * This makes no sense at all and the phrase should be deleted. -- Alexey Topol (talk) 15:25, 5 October 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:DVD-D


text: Category:High schools in Iowa

title: Category:High schools in Iowa


text:
Bua language

The Bua language (also called Ba ) is spoken north of the Chari River around Korbol and Gabil in Chad. In 1993 it was spoken by some 8,000 people. It is the largest member of the small Bua group of languages and is mutually comprehensible with Fanian. Kawãwãy (Korom) may be a dialect or a distinct language.

Bua is a local lingua franca in Korbol Canton, due to the historical influence of the Korbol Caliphate since the late 1700s and 1800s. Speakers also live around Gabil (in the Guéra Region), and in Sarh and N'Djaména.

Korom
Korom is spoken by about 60 people in 3 or 4 villages in Moyen-Chari Region and Guéra Region of Chad. The main community of speakers is called Kawãwãy, who comprise a community of blacksmiths in Tili Nugar (Tilé Nougar), a Fania village. The language has been documented by Florian Lionnet and R. Hoinathy in 2014 and 2017. Lionnet considers Korom to be separate language closely related to Bua.

title: Bua language


text:
Category:High schools in Vermont

Articles about high schools located in the U.S. state of Vermont.

title: Category:High schools in Vermont


text:
Forward rate

The forward rate is the future yield on a bond. It is calculated using the yield curve. For example, the yield on a three-month Treasury bill six months from now is a forward rate.

Forward rate calculation
To extract the forward rate, we need the zero-coupon yield curve.

We are trying to find the future interest rate $$r_{1,2}$$ for time period $$(t_1, t_2)$$, $$t_1$$ and $$t_2$$ expressed in years, given the rate $$r_1$$ for time period $$(0, t_1)$$ and rate $$r_2$$ for time period $$(0, t_2)$$. To do this, we use the property that the proceeds from investing at rate $$r_1$$ for time period $$(0, t_1)$$ and then reinvesting those proceeds at rate $$r_{1,2}$$ for time period $$(t_1, t_2)$$ is equal to the proceeds from investing at rate $$r_2$$ for time period $$(0, t_2)$$.

$$r_{1,2}$$ depends on the rate calculation mode (simple, yearly compounded or continuously compounded), which yields three different results.

Mathematically it reads as follows:

Simple rate

 * $$(1+r_1t_1)(1+ r_{1,2}(t_2-t_1)) = 1+r_2t_2$$

Solving for $$r_{1,2}$$ yields:

Thus $$r_{1,2} = \frac{1}{t_2-t_1}\left(\frac{1+r_2t_2}{1+r_1t_1}-1\right)$$ The discount factor formula for period (0, t) $$\Delta_t$$ expressed in years, and rate $$r_t$$ for this period being $$DF(0, t)=\frac{1}{(1+r_t \, \Delta_t)}$$, the forward rate can be expressed in terms of discount factors: $$r_{1,2} = \frac{1}{t_2-t_1}\left(\frac{DF(0, t_1)}{DF(0, t_2)}-1\right)$$

Yearly compounded rate

 * $$(1+r_1)^{t_1}(1+r_{1,2})^{t_2-t_1} = (1+r_2)^{t_2}$$

Solving for $$r_{1,2}$$ yields :

 * $$r_{1,2} = \left(\frac{(1+r_2)^{t_2}}{(1+r_1)^{t_1}}\right)^{1/(t_2-t_1)} - 1$$

The discount factor formula for period (0,t) $$\Delta_t$$ expressed in years, and rate $$r_t$$ for this period being $$DF(0, t)=\frac{1}{(1+r_t)^{\Delta_t}}$$, the forward rate can be expressed in terms of discount factors:

 * $$r_{1,2}=\left(\frac{DF(0, t_1)}{DF(0, t_2)}\right)^{1/(t_2-t_1)}-1$$

Continuously compounded rate

 * $$e^{r_2 \cdot t_2} = e^{r_1 \cdot t_1} \cdot \ e^{r_{1,2} \cdot \left(t_2 - t_1 \right)}$$

Solving for $$r_{1,2}$$ yields:

 * STEP 1→  $$e^{r_2 \cdot t_2} = e^{r_1 \cdot t_1 + r_{1,2} \cdot \left(t_2 - t_1 \right)}$$

 * STEP 2→  $$\ln \left(e^{r_2 \cdot t_2} \right) = \ln \left(e^{r_1 \cdot t_1 + r_{1,2} \cdot \left(t_2 - t_1 \right)}\right)$$

 * STEP 3→  $$r_2 \cdot t_2 = r_1 \cdot t_1 + r_{1,2} \cdot \left(t_2 - t_1 \right)$$

 * STEP 4→  $$r_{1,2} \cdot \left(t_2 - t_1 \right) = r_2 \cdot t_2 - r_1 \cdot t_1$$

 * STEP 5→  $$r_{1,2} = \frac{ r_2 \cdot t_2 - r_1 \cdot t_1}{t_2 - t_1}$$

The discount factor formula for period (0,t) $$\Delta_t$$ expressed in years, and rate $$r_t$$ for this period being $$DF(0, t)=e^{-r_t\,\Delta_t}$$, the forward rate can be expressed in terms of discount factors:

 * $$r_{1,2} = \frac{\ln \left(DF \left(0, t_1 \right)\right) - \ln \left(DF \left(0, t_2 \right)\right)}{t_2 - t_1}

= \frac{- \ln \left( \frac{ DF \left(0, t_2 \right)}{ DF \left(0, t_1 \right)} \right)}{t_2 - t_1} $$

$$r_{1,2} $$ is the forward rate between time $$ t_1 $$ and time $$ t_2 $$,

$$ r_k $$ is the zero-coupon yield for the time period $$ (0, t_k) $$, (k = 1,2).

Related instruments

 * Forward rate agreement
 * Floating rate note

title: Forward rate


text:
HCSO

HCSO may refer to:

 * Harris County, Texas Sheriff's Office
 * Hernando County, Florida Sheriff's Office
 * Hennepin County Sheriff's Office
 * Hillsborough County, Florida Sheriff's Office
 * The Hungarian Central Statistical Office

title: HCSO


text:
XL Airways UK

XL Airways was a British low-cost charter and scheduled airline, which ceased operations when it went into administration on 12 September 2008. Its headquarters were in Crawley, West Sussex, near London Gatwick Airport. It was part of the XL Leisure Group. From its three bases at London Gatwick, Manchester and Glasgow, the airline provided short-haul and long-haul charter services, predominantly to leisure destinations.

The airline also operated services from Newcastle, Bristol, East Midlands, Birmingham and Ireland West. Two other airlines (both now also defunct as of 2019) within the group used the XL Airways branding: XL Airways France and XL Airways Germany, and were not at the time affected by the insolvency of the XL Leisure Group.

History

The airline was established in 1994 as Sabre Airways, and started operations on 17 December 1994. The name Excel was adopted following the acquisition, in November 2000, of a 67% stake by Libra Holidays Group, and subsequently increased. In March 2004, the Avion Group (now Eimskipafélag Íslands) completed the purchase of 40.5% of the Excel Airways Group. As a new charter airline, Excel, concentrated on flights from Gatwick and Manchester to holiday destinations including Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Spain, the Canaries, St Lucia and Egypt.

In March 2006, Excel Airways signed an agreement with GE Commercial Aviation Services for the lease of two Next-Generation Boeing 737-900ER (Extended Range) aircraft. They were the first examples of the latest variant of the Boeing 737 aircraft to operate in the UK when delivered in May 2008.

Following the merger of sister company Air Atlanta Europe in May 2006, the airline acquired three Boeing 747-300 aircraft. They were operated between the UK and Orlando for Travel City Direct, but left the fleet in November 2007, following the expiration of their leases.

On 30 October 2006, members of the management purchased XL Leisure Group from Avion Group. XL Leisure Group consisted of Excel Airways Group in the UK, Star Airlines France and Star Europe in Germany.

As part of a major brand relaunch in November 2006, the XL.com website and aircraft branding was adopted by the Excel Airways Group. Sister airlines in Germany and France were also re-branded.

Cessation of operations
On 11 September 2008, parent company XL Leisure Group filed for administration, although for some time the group's website continued taking bookings. The group later announced, via its website, that on 12 September 2008, 11 companies associated with the group had been put into administration, including XL Airways UK Limited. That did not affect the German and French divisions of the company's operations.

The company issued the following statement: "The companies entered into administration having suffered as a result of volatile fuel prices, the economic downturn, and were unable to obtain further funding. The joint administrators cannot continue trading the business and therefore all flights operated by the companies have been immediately cancelled and the aircraft grounded;"

The airline's demise left around 90,000 stranded passengers in 50 destinations across Europe, USA, the Caribbean and Africa. 63,000 of the stranded passengers were on package holidays, so were covered by the ATOL bond, which ensures paid-for repatriation. The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) chartered a number of aircraft from a variety of British airlines. One widely reported Astraeus flight from Sharm el-Sheikh was flown by Iron Maiden lead singer Bruce Dickinson. Passengers who had booked direct, and were therefore not ATOL-protected, had to arrange their own flights home, but in some cases were offered special fares by airlines, or were offered spare seats on CAA-organised flights at a reasonable cost.

Destinations
On 26 August 2008, XL Airways announced the cancellation of the Caribbean long-haul programme until further notice from 3:00 November 2008, due to high fuel prices and declining passenger numbers. Routes cancelled were: St Kitts & Nevis, Trinidad & Tobago, St Lucia, Antigua, Grenada, Barbados. The airline's destinations prior to ceasing operations were:

 * Alicante
 * Antalya
 * Antigua
 * Arrecife
 * Barbados Focus city
 * Belfast
 * Birmingham
 * Bodrum
 * Bristol Base
 * Burgas
 * Calgary
 * Chambéry
 * Chania
 * Corfu
 * Dalaman
 * East Midlands Base
 * Faro
 * Fuerteventura
 * Funchal
 * Geneva
 * Glasgow Base
 * Grenoble
 * Heraklion
 * Humberside
 * Hurghada
 * Ivalo
 * Kalamata
 * Kaieteur
 * Kavala
 * Kefallinia
 * Kos
 * Larnaca
 * Las Palmas
 * La Romana
 * London Gatwick Base
 * London Luton (Scheduled flights)
 * Luxor
 * Mahón
 * Málaga
 * Malta
 * Manchester Base
 * Marsa Alam
 * Monastir
 * Murcia
 * Mykonos
 * Mytilene-Lesbos
 * Newcastle Base
 * Ovda
 * Orlando-Sanford
 * Palma de Mallorca
 * Paphos
 * Porto Santo
 * Preveza
 * Rhodes
 * Santorini
 * Sharm el-Sheikh
 * Skiathos
 * Taba
 * Tel Aviv
 * Tenerife
 * Thessaloniki
 * Tobago
 * Vancouver
 * Venice
 * Volos
 * Zakynthos

XL Airways Ireland
From May 2007 XL Airways operated flights from Dublin, Cork and Knock which were marketed through XL Holidays as XL Airways Ireland. The inaugural flight operated from Dublin to Palma on 1 May 2007. Flights were offered to the following destinations prior to the airline ceasing operation:

From Dublin:
 * Bourgas
 * Faro
 * Mykonos
 * Palma de Mallorca
 * Reus
 * Santorini
 * Skiathos
 * Zakynthos

From Cork:
 * Santorini

From Knock:
 * Bourgas
 * London Gatwick
 * Faro

Incidents and accidents
On 16 July 2003, an Excel Airways Boeing 737-800 (G-XLAG) with 190 passengers and seven crew took off from Manchester Airport while vehicles were working near the end of the runway. Despite the crew being told the runway was operating at reduced length, they took off from a runway intersection with reduced length using a reduced thrust setting calculated for the assumed normal runway length. The aircraft lifted off over the vehicles, missing them by 56 ft, according to the UK Air Accidents Investigation Branch report. Six safety recommendations were made.

On 4 November 2004, the left wing of an Excel Airways Boeing 767-200 (G-SATR) struck the right horizontal stabiliser of a stationary Bmibaby Boeing 737-300 while both aircraft were awaiting departure from Manchester Airport. The investigation concluded that the Excel 767 Captain, who bore primary responsibility for collision avoidance, misjudged the available separation due to a combination of physiological limitations, distractions and a false assumption regarding his Air Traffic Control clearance.

Awards
The airline won a number of awards, including Best Charter Airline 2006, World's Leading Charter Airline 2004, 2005 and 2007, Best Charter Airline 2004 and 2005 and UK Charter Airline Punctuality Awards for Summer 2002 - Runner Up.

Fleet
The XL Airways UK fleet included the following aircraft:

Sponsorship
For the 2007-2008 football season, XL Airways were the sponsors of West Ham United F.C. West Ham only received £2.5 million out of the planned £7.5 million sponsorship deal, which they cancelled on 12 September 2008 when the XL Leisure Group went into administration.

title: XL Airways UK


text:
User talk:Heart

Hi Heart

Thanks for deciding to contribute to Wikipedia. However please note that this is the English Wikipedia. There is a Spanish wikipedia here. DJ Clayworth 22:44, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The Portuguese Wikipedia is at http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki. I will keep deleting your Portuguese additions. RickK 09:57, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)

You have been blocked from editing for vandalism. You have repeatedly overwritten existing English language articles with Portuguese versions, and then when the original English article was restored you did it again. I think you are doing this intentionally. You are also creating the Portuguese versions for different articles only a few minutes apart, which means you simply cut and pasted them from somewhere.

Please explain your actions in either English or Portuguese. -- Curps 10:01, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Heart


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User:Gxojo

Hellou :)

title: User:Gxojo


text: Category:High schools in New Hampshire

title: Category:High schools in New Hampshire


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Château de Breteuil

The Château de Breteuil (previously called the Château de Bevilliers) is a château situated in the Vallée de Chevreuse in Yvelines department of France, 35 km to the southwest of Paris. The château was designated a monument historique in 1973.

The family of the Marquis de Breteuil gave three ministers to the Kings of France. The château is still owned by the Breteuil family.

The design is similar to the Château de Dampierre-en-Yvelines by Jules Hardouin-Mansart.

Relations with England
On March 12, 1881, the Marquis Henri de Breteuil organized a secret meeting at the Château with the Prince of Wales, the future King Edward VII, and Léon Gambetta, President of the Chamber of Deputies. This constituted the beginnings of the Entente Cordiale.

In 1912, another Prince of Wales, the future King Edward VIII and after his abdication Duke of Windsor, stayed with the Breteuil family for four months to improve his French. Five years later, François de Breteuil played a significant role in the Prince's love life by introducing him to the Parisian courtesan Marguerite Alibert during the Great War.

title: Château de Breteuil


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Telepen

Telepen is a name of the barcode symbology designed to encode all 128 ASCII characters without using shift characters for code switching, and only using two different widths for both bars and spaces. (Unlike Code 128, which uses shifts and four different element widths ). The symbology was devised by George Sims of SB Electronic Systems Ltd. Telepen was originally designed in the UK in 1972.

Unlike most linear barcodes, Telepen does not define independent encodings for each character, but instead operates on a stream of bits. It is able to represent any bit stream containing an even number of 0 bits, and is applied to ASCII bytes with even parity, which satisfies that rule. Bytes are encoded in little-endian bit order.

The string of bits is divided into single 1 bits and blocks of the form 01*0. That is, blocks beginning and ending with a 0 bit, with any number of 1 bits in between.

These are then encoded as follows:
 * "1" is encoded as a narrow bar-narrow space
 * "00" is encoded as a wide bar-narrow space
 * "010" is encoded as wide bar-wide space
 * Otherwise, the leading "01" and trailing "10" are both encoded as narrow bar-wide space, with additional 1 bit in between coded as described above.

Wide elements are 3 times the width of narrow elements, so every bit occupies 2 narrow elements of space.

Barcodes always start with ASCII _ (underscore). This has a code of 0x5F, so the (lsbit-first) bit stream is 11111010. Thus, it is represented as 5 narrow bar/narrow space pairs, followed by a wide bar/wide space.

Barcodes always end with ASCII z. This has (including parity) a code of 0xFA, so the (lsbit-first) bit stream is 01011111. This is encoded as a wide bar/wide space, followed by 5 narrow bar/narrow space pairs. Each end of the bar code consists of repeated narrow elements terminated by a pair of wide elements, but the start has a wide bar first, while the end terminates with a wide space.

In addition to per-character parity bits, a Telepen symbol includes an overall modulo-127 checksum.

title: Telepen


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Portal:United States/Categories

Select [►] to view subcategories

title: Portal:United States/Categories


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Uridium

Uridium (released on the NES as The Last Starfighter) is a science fiction side-scrolling shoot 'em up originally designed by Andrew Braybrook for the Commodore 64, and later ported to other 8-bit machines. It consists of fifteen levels, each named after a metal element, with the last level being called Uridium (a fictional metallic element, not to be confused with the real metallic element iridium). The manual quotes Robert Orchard, who invented the name as saying "I really thought it existed".

Uridium was later released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1990. Mindscape purchased a license to release a game based on the film The Last Starfighter. Rather than program a new game, however, Mindscape decided to take an easier route by recycling an older, relatively obscure game. The title screen, sprites, and soundtrack were modified, but the levels and gameplay were identical. In 2003, it was re-released on the C64 Direct-to-TV.

In 2008, the C64 version was a title on the Wii Virtual Console, released on 28 March for the Virtual Console in Europe, costing 500 Wii Points.

Plot
The plot of Uridium is described as follows:

The solar system is under attack! Enemy Super-Dreadnoughts have been placed in orbit around each of the fifteen planets in this galactic sector. They are draining mineral resources from the planetary cores for use in their interstellar power units. Each Super-Dreadnought seeks out a different metal for its metal converter.

Your Manta class Space Fighter will be transported to each planet in turn and it is your task to destroy each Dreadnought. First you must attack the defensive screen of enemy fighters, then you must neutralise the majority of surface defences before you land on the Super-Dreadnought's master runway. Once on board you must pull as many fuel rods as possible from the metal converters before you take off for a final strafing run as the Dreadnought vaporises into the ether.

Gameplay
In practice, each level takes place at a fixed altitude just above the surface of the Dreadnoughts. The screen scrolls horizontally in both directions as the Manta flies over the Dreadnoughts. Each Dreadnought has a different configuration of walls and other structures which must be negotiated in order to reach the landing zone. This task is hampered by squadrons of enemy fighters that attack the Manta in waves. Lastly, flashing ports on the Dreadnought's surface release homing mines that cannot be destroyed. It takes a skillful Manta pilot to outfly the mines until they self-detonate.

Only when enough of the Dreadnought's defenses have been destroyed is the "Land Now!" signal activated, allowing the player to slow the Manta's speed to a minimum and land on the sternward landing zone. After this, the pilot presumably enters the interior of the mothership and sets its nuclear reactor to self-destruct. Finally, the Manta takes off again as the Dreadnought below crumbles to atoms. As the Manta flies over the Dreadnought again the player has the opportunity to shoot any remaining defences.

Later Dreadnoughts have tricky wall configurations where the gap between the walls is so narrow that the Manta must turn sideways in order to pass through it. This required skillful use of the joystick. More skill could be exhibited (and more points awarded) by ignoring the "Land Now!" signal and destroying the elite fighters that attacked in waves of one.

The final Dreadnought, Uridium, actually contains only a few screens of gameplay; the bulk of this Dreadnought consists of the "congratulations" message for completing the game (i.e., "GOOD ZAPPING... TURKEY."). This is initially made inaccessible by an impassable wall, but visible in the final overflight when the Dreadnought is destroyed.

Technical details
When Uridium was originally released, reviewers were impressed by the way the Dreadnoughts were presented. In a simulation of parallax scrolling, the surface of the Dreadnoughts scrolls horizontally, whereas the stars in the background stay still.

Since the Commodore 64's graphics do not support parallax scrolling, particular trickery was required to achieve this. The way it was done is that the Dreadnoughts' surface is actually the background, and the black empty space and the stars are character glyphs on the foreground. As the Commodore 64's graphics chip scrolls the screen to the left or right, the character glyphs representing the stars change shape by shifting their single lit pixels to the right or left, countering the scroll of the screen and giving the impression they were stationary.

Sequels
Uridium was followed by Uridium+ (a modified version containing new levels), and Uridium 2 on the Amiga platform.

Reception and legacy
Computer Gaming World praised Uridium for its graphics' ability to display depth, as well as the game's robust controls. Zzap!64 were similarly enthusiastic, describing the game as "visually awesome, sonically sound, technically stunning and a brilliant shoot em up to boot". It was rated 94% overall. Antic also liked the game, citing its "detailed and lifelike graphics".

The game won the award for best shooting game of the year according to the readers of Crash magazine. It was also voted Best Arcade-style Game of the Year at the 1986 Golden Joystick Awards. It received a Your Sinclair Megagame award.

Uridium reached number one in both the Commodore 64 and all-format charts in early 1986. Later in the year, it reached number three in the ZX Spectrum charts.

One of Andrew Braybrook's later releases, Morpheus, contained a homing mine enemy called an "Uridimine", as a tribute to the homing mines of Uridium. Some aficionados refer to the homing mines as "Uridimines" when talking about Uridium or Uridium 2, as well.

title: Uridium


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Johnny Lattner

John Joseph Lattner (October 24, 1932 – February 12, 2016) was an American football halfback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for one season with the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1954. He played college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, where he won the Heisman Trophy in 1953 and also won the Maxwell Award twice, in 1952 and 1953.

Football career
Lattner starred in both football and basketball at Fenwick High School in Oak Park, Illinois, where he graduated in 1950. Fenwick, along with other Chicago-area Catholic schools, was a training ground for Notre Dame and Big Ten football programs, and Lattner held offers from top college football programs across the country. He initially considered the University of Michigan because head coach Bennie Oosterbaan ran the single wing offense, a scheme that fit Lattner well at Fenwick. Lattner eventually chose Notre Dame, which offered a Catholic education and the highest level of competition.

Lattner played halfback for the University of Notre Dame under head coach Frank Leahy from 1950 to 1953. He won the Heisman Trophy in 1953, and won the Maxwell Award twice, in 1952 and 1953. In 1953, the Irish went 9–0–1, finishing second to Maryland in the final Associated Press poll. Lattner rushed for 651 yards (averaging 4.9 yards per carry) and scored nine touchdowns, caught 14 passes for 204 yards, had four interceptions and tallied two touchdowns on only 10 kickoff returns.

Lattner appeared on the cover of Time Magazine on November 9, 1953, with the caption "a bread and butter ball carrier", a phrase bestowed upon Lattner by Leahy.

In 1954, Lattner was drafted in the first round by the Pittsburgh Steelers, but played with them for only one season before entering the United States Air Force for two years. There, during a football game, he suffered a severe knee injury that prevented him from ever playing professional football again. Lattner's single season in Pittsburgh was a success, as he totaled over 1,000 all purpose yards on offense and special teams. As a result, he was named to the NFL 1954 Pro Bowl as a kick and punt returner.

Lattner coached for a period in the late 1950s, at St. Joseph's High School in Kenosha, Wisconsin and the University of Denver. His coaching career ended in 1961 when Denver cut its football program.

Lattner was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1979.

Personal
An Oak Park resident for most of his life, Lattner later lived in Melrose Park, Illinois and resided in Anna Maria Island, Florida during the winter months. He served as vice president of sales at PAL Graphics Inc. in Broadview, Illinois.

Of Irish Catholic descent, Lattner was a longtime participant in the Chicago Saint Patrick's Day Parade, often carrying the banner of Saint Patrick. The Chicago Tribune noted that nobody "out-Irished" Lattner, who also sports a kilt and green stockings for the festivities.

In 1962, Lattner opened Johnny Lattner's Steakhouse on Madison Street in Chicago. An electrical fire in 1968 severely damaged the restaurant and claimed three lives. Lattner's Heisman Trophy was on display in the restaurant and was destroyed in the fire. Lattner sent the Downtown Athletic Club a check for $300 along with newspaper coverage of the fire and received a replacement. He then operated a second restaurant at Marina City from 1968 to 1972.

A fire four years earlier had ended better for Lattner. While driving home from work in the early morning of November 17, 1963, he spotted a fire in an apartment building on the West Side of Chicago. He called the fire department, then roused 25 residents from one of the buildings and carried a five-year-old girl to safety. He was credited with helping 40 people escape injury.

In 1986, Lattner ran in the election to be a member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners from suburban Cook County. While successful in winning the primary to be one of the Democratic Party's nominees, he failed to win election in the general election.

Lattner routinely rented out or loaned his Heisman Trophy to exhibitions, tailgates, and other events, often with the proceeds donated to charity. At halftime during Fenwick's 2007 game versus Hubbard at Soldier Field, Lattner's #34 jersey was retired.

Lattner had 25 grandchildren, several of whom have also played football for Fenwick High School. Robert Spillane, a class of 2014 graduate, played football at the linebacker position for Western Michigan University, and has played in the NFL for the Tennessee Titans and the Pittsburgh Steelers. Another grandson, Ryan Smith, also graduated from Fenwick in 2014, played football at the tight end position for Miami University, and was an off-season member of the Green Bay Packers in 2018.

Lattner was 83 when he died from mesothelioma in his Melrose Park, Illinois home on February 12, 2016.

title: Johnny Lattner


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Opel GT

The Opel GT is a front-engine, rear-drive two-seat sports car manufactured and marketed by Opel in two generations separated by a 34-year hiatus.

The first generation Opel GT (1968 –1973) debuted as a styling exercise in 1965 at the Paris and Frankfurt motor shows. The production vehicle used mechanical components from the contemporary Opel Kadett B and two-door hard top bodywork by French contractor Brissonneau & Lotz. The styling of the GT was often cited as similar to the 1968 Chevrolet Corvette which went on sale in September 1967.

Opel marketed a second generation GT (2007–2009) as a rebadged variant of the Saturn Sky two-seater convertible (which was based on the Pontiac Solstice), manufactured in Wilmington, Delaware, USA.

In 2016, Opel introduced the GT Concept at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show as a lightweight, turbocharged, rear-wheel drive two-seater.

GT (1968–1973)
The Opel GT was equipped with a base 1.1 L OHV inline-four engine, which produced 67 hp (SAE) at 6,000 rpm. However, most buyers chose an optional 1.9 L camshaft in head engine, which produced 102 hp (SAE) at 5200 to 5400 rpm. Some of the early 1968 models also came with a slightly higher compression "H" code cylinder head. In 1971, due to emissions regulations, Opel reduced the compression ratio of the 1.9 L engine used in the US and output fell to 83 hp (SAE). There was also a GT/J model, which was a less expensive version of the 1900-engined GT which was sold only in Europe. Standard transmission was a manual four-speed. A three-speed automatic was available with the 1.9 L engine. The model run of the Opel GT was from 1968 to 1973.

The Opel GT uses a steel unibody and a front mid-engined, rear-wheel drive layout. The engine is mounted far back in the chassis to improve weight distribution. Front suspension consists of upper A-arms and a lower transverse leaf spring — aside from the Opel's styling, the unusual use of a transverse leaf-spring in the suspension was another remarkable commonality with Chevrolet's Corvette. A live axle and coil springs are used in the rear. The power-assisted braking system uses discs in the front, drums in the rear. Steering is unassisted.

One unusual feature of the Opel GT is the operation of the Hidden headlamps. They are manually operated, by way of a large lever along the center console next to the shifter. Unlike pop-up headlights, they both rotate in the same direction (counterclockwise from inside the car) about a longitudinal axis.

Designed by Opel stylist Erhard Schnell, the GT is a fastback, that has neither an externally accessible trunk nor a conventional hatchback. There is a parcel shelf behind the seats that can only be accessed through the main doors. Behind the parcel shelf is a fold-up panel that conceals a spare tire and jack.

During 1968 to 1973, a total of 103,463 cars were sold. The most collectible GTs are probably the first few hundred cars hand-assembled in 1968 and the 1968–1970 models with the 1.1 L engine, which totaled 3,573 cars. Of the later cars, 10,760 were the cheaper model (GT/J), which lacked nearly all chrome parts and offered fewer standard features. In some markets, items like a limited slip differential, front and rear anti-sway bars, heated rear window, and engine bay light were standard, although most cars were shipped without them.

In North America, the GT was sold at Buick dealerships. Reasons for ending production were the need to redesign the car to remain competitive with up-and-coming sports models, such as the Datsun 240Z, as well as the termination of Brissonneau and Lotz' bodybuilding contract. Unusually for the period, there was no Vauxhall equivalent model to the GT sold in the United Kingdom.

The Opel GT was also used by Italian coachbuilder Sergio Coggiola to create the Opel Sylvia GT, an angular design of the folded-paper school. The 1973 Sylvia was also designed with an eye to safety.

Automotive magazine Road & Track reviewed the GT in their June 1969 issue, recording 0–96 km/h in 10.8 seconds and a top speed of 182 km/h. Road & Track also found the car to have strong understeer, suggesting the 165x13 tires to be too small, although the ride was comfortable.

GT (roadster) (2007–2010)
The new Opel GT was produced from 2007 to 2010. It was a badge engineered variant of the Pontiac Solstice and the Saturn Sky and was available solely with the 2.0 L, 260 hp direct injection turbocharged Ecotec four-cylinder engine. It had 18-inch alloy wheels. The car replaced the Opel Speedster in the European lineup however it was not sold in right-hand drive in the UK, thus there was no replacement for the Vauxhall VX220. The Saturn Sky and Pontiac Solstice were produced at a North American plant which did not have the necessary tooling for producing right-hand drive vehicles.

GT Concept (2016)

The 2016 Opel GT concept debuted on 27 January 2016. Built on an all-new compact rear-wheel-drive platform, the GT has a lightweight construction and stripped down interior. Power comes from a turbocharged 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine producing 145 hp with a 6-speed semi-automatic gearbox.

The concept features historic design cues associated with Opel's past products; the twin tailpipes with the GT wordmark in the middle are reminiscent of those on the original 1965 GT prototype.

The car made its first public debut on March 1 at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show. A production version was being conjectured to follow in 2018, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the original Opel GT's unveiling in 1968, and Opel didn't rule out the possibility.

However, the production Opel GT concept was cancelled not only due to a shrinking market for sports cars, but also the brand's acquisition by Groupe PSA.

title: Opel GT


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Johnny Lujack

John Christopher Lujack Jr. (January 4, 1925 – July 25, 2023) was an American football quarterback and safety who played for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, where he won the Heisman Trophy in 1947.

Early life and college career
Lujack was born to Alice and John Luczak, in 1925 in Connellsville, Pennsylvania, the youngest of four sons and fifth child in a family of six children. The family is of Polish descent and included older siblings Valentine ("Val"), Stanislaus ("Stan"), Victoria, Aloysius ("Allie", who went on to play professional basketball), and younger sister Dolores. His father worked for the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad for thirty years as a boilermaker.

Lujack attended Connellsville High School and played for the school's football team from 1939 to 1941. He was also the senior class president and valedictorian. In high school, he lettered in four sports; baseball, football, basketball, and track.

Lujack's 1941 high school team, named the Cokers for workers in the coal milling industry who feed the ovens, went 8–0–1, but did not get to play for the WPIAL league championship because their last game, with Brownsville, ended in a 13–13 tie.

People in Connellsville had wanted Lujack to go to the United States Military Academy (Army) at West Point, going so far as to ask their local congressman for an appointment, but Lujack, a fan of Notre Dame football from listening to their radio broadcasts, had his heart set on playing in South Bend. He was the first Connellsville High School student to receive an appointment to Army.

Lujack attended the University of Notre Dame, where he was given a scholarship by Frank Leahy, from 1942 to 1943 and then 1946 to 1947. His career was interrupted for two years by World War II after his sophomore season, during which he served as an officer in the United States Navy. His time in the Navy was spent hunting German submarines in the English Channel as an ensign.

When Lujack returned from the Atlantic (ETO) duty, he appeared on the cover of the September 29, 1947, issue of LIFE. He led the 1947 Fighting Irish to a 9–0 record for his senior year, during which he completed 61 passes on 109 attempts for 777 yards and rushed for 139 yards on 12 carries, and won the Heisman Trophy. As he had in high school, Lujack once again received varsity letters (called "monograms") in four sports (again baseball, football, basketball, and track) while at Notre Dame, becoming the third person to do so. As a track and field athlete, he competed in the high jump and javelin throw, at times dashing over to the track to compete between innings of baseball games that he was playing in. He was a two-time unanimous All-American (1946 and 1947) and led Notre Dame to three national championships (1943, 1946, and 1947). In addition to winning the Heisman, Lujack was named the Associated Press Athlete of the Year.

Professional career
Lujack was paid USD$17,000 for his 1948 rookie season with the Bears and $20,000 for his fourth and final season. In his rookie season he played defensive back and kicker, during which he had eight interceptions for 131 yards and kicked 44 out of 46 extra points.

In the summer of 1949, Lujack starred in a radio program on ABC, The Adventures of Johnny Lujack, which was a summertime replacement for the Jack Armstrong, the All-American Boy show. It was a 30-minute program and broadcast on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. The show was broadcast from the studios of WGN in Chicago over the Mutual Broadcasting System (MBS) and ran for 13 weeks.

In the final game of the 1949 season, the 9–3 Bears defeated their hometown rivals, the Chicago Cardinals (6–5–1), by a score of 52–21 on December 11. In that game, Lujack threw six touchdown passes and set an NFL record with 468 passing yards. The record was broken later by Norm Van Brocklin. He was the last Bears quarterback to throw at least five touchdown passes in a game until Mitchell Trubisky threw six against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2018.

Sid Luckman and George Blanda played behind Lujack in the rotation at quarterback for the 1949 and 1950 seasons.

During the 1950 season, Lujack set an NFL record with 11 rushing touchdowns by a quarterback. This record was tied by Tobin Rote with the Green Bay Packers in 1956, and broken by the New England Patriots' Steve Grogan in 1976. Lujack, named to the 1950 All-Pro First-team, also set a Bears record for 109 total points in a season with 11 touchdowns, three (out of five) field-goals, and 34 (out of 35) extra points. That record was surpassed by Gale Sayers in 1965 with 132 total points.

Post-playing career
After four years with the Bears, Lujack returned to Notre Dame as an assistant coach for 1952 and 1953 to repay Frank Leahy as a debt of gratitude for having given him a scholarship to Notre Dame. Leahy wanted Lujack to succeed him as the head coach of the Fighting Irish, but Terry Brennan was chosen instead by Reverend Theodore Hesburgh, the university president.

In 1954, he then went into the car dealership business with his father-in-law, at Lujack Schierbrock Chevrolet Company of Davenport, Iowa. He purchased his father-in-law's dealership interest in 1988. Sometime in late 2006, the dealership was sold by his former son-in-law to Smart Automotive.

Lujack served as a television color commentator for several years, teaming with Chris Schenkel to call New York Giants games on CBS from 1958 to 1961. However, in 1962 when Ford signed on as a major sponsor and learned that Lujack was a Chevrolet dealer, he was replaced by Pat Summerall. He also worked with Jim McKay on CBS doing college football and on ABC college football telecasts in the late 1960s.

On June 8, 1978, Lujack was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame.

In 2005, Lujack donated $50,000 to Connellsville High School toward a new field house for the football stadium. It was later named Johnny Lujack Field House. The Johnny Lujack Training Facility was formally dedicated in 2009 and he was also inducted into the inaugural class of the Fayette County Sports Hall of Fame.

Personal life
His wife, the former Patricia Ann "Pat" Schierbrock (February 22, 1927 — August 2, 2022), was the daughter of Josephine (née Wilson) and Frank H. Schierbrock. Lujack and Schierbrock were married in Davenport, Iowa at the Sacred Heart Cathedral on June 26, 1948. They had three children: Mary, Jeff, and Carol (1954–2002).

Lujack was distantly related to NFL player Ben Skowronek and Olympic gymnast Courtney Kupets. NFL quarterback Trent Green married into the family.

Lujack died at a hospice in Naples, Florida, on July 25, 2023, at age 98.

title: Johnny Lujack


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File:Faded seaside glamour front.jpg

Summary
Faded seaside glamour front

title: File:Faded seaside glamour front.jpg


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Leon Hart

Leon Joseph Hart (November 2, 1928 – September 24, 2002) was an American football end and fullback who played for eight seasons, from 1950 to 1957, with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He won the Heisman Trophy and the Maxwell Award playing college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in 1949.

Hart is the only lineman to win three college football national championships and three NFL championships. He is the most recent of only two lineman ever to win the Heisman Trophy. Also, he is one of four players, along with Angelo Bertelli, Cam Newton, and Joe Burrow to win the Heisman Trophy, a national championship, and be the first overall pick in the NFL Draft all in the same one-year span.

Hart was a pioneer for NFL player benefits, risking his pro career and initiating union talks targeting support for a reasonable standard of living for all players during the 1954 season, well before the eventual formulation of the NFLPA. He also spearheaded an initiative for the inclusion of players who retired prior to the 1959 season in the NFL pension plan.

Early years
Hart was born in Pittsburgh in 1928 raised in nearby Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania, and attended Turtle Creek High School. He won varsity letters in football, basketball and baseball while in high school.

Notre Dame
Hart attended the University of Notre Dame where he played college football at the end position, both offense and defense, for Frank Leahy's Fighting Irish football teams from 1946 to 1949. He received first-team All-American honors three times, from the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) in 1947 and as a consensus first-team selection in 1948 and 1949. During his four years at Notre Dame, Hart caught 49 passes for 701 yards and 15 touchdowns, at that time a collegiate record. The Fighting Irish compiled a 46–0–2 record and won three national championships while Hart was a player.

Hart began playing for Notre Dame as a 17-year-old freshman in 1946.

Hart was the captain of the 1949 Notre Dame team that compiled a perfect 10–0 record, outscored their opponents 360–86, and was recognized in the final AP Poll as the 1949 national champion. At the end of the 1949 season, Hart won both the Heisman Trophy and the Maxwell Award. He was also voted as the Associated Press Athlete of the Year award with 104 points, edging professional baseball player Jackie Robinson (55 points).

Hart graduated from Notre Dame in 1950 with a degree in mechanical engineering.

Detroit Lions
Hart was selected by the Detroit Lions with the first overall pick in the 1950 NFL Draft. He signed a three-year contract with the Lions in February 1950 for a salary reported to be close to $20,000. He played for the Lions from 1950 to 1957, appeared in 92 games, and was a member of NFL championship teams in 1952, 1953, and 1957. During his eight-year NFL career, Hart gained 3,111 yards from scrimmage, caught 174 passes for 2,499 yards, and scored 32 touchdowns and 192 points.

Family and later years
In February 1950, Hart married Lois Newyahr, his high school girlfriend, at St. Colman's Roman Catholic Church in Turtle Creek. After retiring from football, he lived in Birmingham, Michigan. He operated a business that manufactured equipment to balance tires.

Hart was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1973. He died in 2002 at St. Joseph Medical Center in South Bend, Indiana, at age 73. He was buried in the Cedar Grove Cemetery in Notre Dame, Indiana.

title: Leon Hart


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Talk:Microsoft Paint

Use Drawing Tools without a Mouse
Is it possible to use commands for drawing instead of dragging the mouse? I.e., can people with movement disabilities use MS Paint? If so, it might be helpful to list the commands (or at least the source link for that information). Tesseract501 (talk) 15:33, 10 June 2023 (UTC) dfrfvdf

Color mode?
[The program can be in color mode or two-color black-and-white, but there is no grayscale mode.] What are they talking about when mentioning Color Mode, Two-Color Black-and-White Mode & Grayscale Mode? The application has a color palette you can use, but freely allows for 24-bit colors. I genuinely do not understand this line of text. QwertyPc Game17 (talk) 13:13, 19 July 2023 (UTC)

JSPaint
is the open source clone of MS Jspaint notable enough to be mentioned on the article? -1ctinus📝 🗨  17:28, 31 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Microsoft Paint


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Capitolium

A Capitolium (Latin) was an ancient Roman temple dedicated to the Capitoline Triad of gods Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. A capitolium was built on a prominent area in many cities in Italy and the Roman provinces, particularly during the Augustan and Julio-Claudian periods. Most had a triple cella, one for each god.

The first capitolium was on the Capitoline Hill in Rome and was considered the centre of the city, where it meant the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus and afterwards the Latin word was used for the whole hill.

The earliest known example outside of Italy was at Emporion (now Empúries, Spain).

Examples of capitolia are:

 * Capitolium Vetus (Rome)
 * Temple of Jupiter (Pompeii)
 * Capitolium of Minturnae
 * Capitolium of Ostia Antica
 * Capitolium of Brixia (Brescia)
 * Capitolium of Constantinople
 * Capitoline Temple at Volubilis
 * Capitolium of Cosa

title: Capitolium


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CTP

CTP may refer to:

Science and technology

 * Cyclohexylthiophthalimide, used in the production of rubber
 * Cytidine triphosphate, a pyrimidine nucleotide
 * Child-Turcotte-Pugh score of chronic liver disease.

Computing

 * Community Technology Preview of software
 * Computer to plate, in lithographic printing
 * SNIA Conformance Testing Program (SNIA-CTP), in storage networking
 * Collection Tree Protocol for wireless sensor networks
 * Canadian traveller problem, a shortest path problem

Organizations

 * Cambridge Technology Partners, US consulting company 1991-2001
 * Concern Tractor Plants, a Russian machine building company
 * MIT Center for Theoretical Physics
 * Confederación de Trabajadores del Perú, a trade union center in Peru
 * Republican Turkish Party (Cumhuriyetçi Türk Partisi), Northern Cyprus
 * Tashkent Aircraft Production Corporation, Uzbekistan, ICAO airline designator; see Airline codes-T

People

 * Cristian Tudor Popescu (born 1956), Romanian journalist and writer

Transportation

 * Certified Transportation Professional, US credential overseen by National Private Truck Council
 * Chisholm Trail Parkway, Dallas-Fort Worth area, US
 * Compania de Transport Public Cluj-Napoca, public transit operator in Cluj-Napoca, Romania
 * Compania de Transport Public (CTP) Iași, public transit operator in Iași, Romania

Other uses

 * Certified Treasury Professional, certification of the Association for Financial Professionals
 * Convergence Technologies Professional
 * Comprehensive Testing Program (CTP 1-5) by Educational Records Bureau
 * Compulsory Third Party insurance, Australian vehicle insurance
 * Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers Limited of South Africa
 * Chinese Text Project, a digital library project

title: CTP