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WDIV-TV

WDIV-TV (channel 4) is a television station in Detroit, Michigan, United States, affiliated with NBC. It serves as the flagship broadcast property of the Graham Media Group subsidiary of Graham Holdings Company. WDIV-TV maintains studio facilities on West Lafayette Boulevard in Detroit, making it the only major television station in the market with offices and studios within the Detroit city limits. Detroit's other television stations are all based in the suburb of Southfield; WDIV's transmitter is, however, located on Greenfield Road in Southfield.

Early history
The station first signed on the air as WWDT on October 23, 1946, for one day of demonstrative programming; regular programming commenced on March 4, 1947. It was the first television station in Michigan and the tenth station to sign on in the United States overall. The station was originally owned by the Evening News Association, parent company of The Detroit News, along with WWJ radio (AM 950 and FM 97.1, now WXYT-FM). On May 15, 1947, the television station changed its call letters to WWJ-TV to match its radio sisters. Channel 4 has always been an NBC affiliate owing to WWJ radio's longtime affiliation with the NBC Red Network, but also aired some programs from the DuMont Television Network prior to WJBK-TV (channel 2)'s sign-on in October 1948.

Channel 4 had a number of broadcasting firsts in Michigan including the first telecast of Detroit Tigers, Red Wings and Lions games as well as the state's first televised newscasts. The station's studios were originally located at 600 West Lafayette, across the street from the Detroit News building in downtown Detroit (and next door to its present studio location). In 1954, the station moved its 1004 ft transmitter from the Penobscot Building in Downtown Detroit to the intersection of Greenfield and Lincoln roads in Southfield. Network programming was broadcast in color starting in 1954. The station began broadcasting its newscasts and other locally produced programs in color in 1960, when it purchased new studio camera equipment.

Over the years, the Evening News Association acquired several other broadcasting outlets, such as KTVY (now KFOR-TV) in Oklahoma City, KOLD-TV in Tucson, Arizona, and WALA-TV in Mobile, Alabama. Eventually, the Evening News Association created Universal Communications Corporation as a holding company for its broadcasting interests, with WWJ-AM-FM-TV as the flagship stations.

Trade to The Washington Post Company
In 1969, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) began to impose restrictions on the common ownership of print and broadcast media in the same market. The combination of the Detroit News and WWJ-AM-FM-TV was given grandfathered protection from the new regulations, but by the mid-to-late 1970s, the Evening News Association was under pressure to break up its Detroit cluster voluntarily. Fearing that an FCC-forced divestiture was imminent, the Evening News Association agreed to trade WWJ-TV to the Washington Post Company in return for that company's flagship station, WTOP-TV (later WDVM-TV and now WUSA). On July 22, 1978, due to an FCC regulation in place at the time that forbade TV and radio stations in the same market but with different ownership groups from sharing the same call signs, channel 4 changed its call letters to the present WDIV-TV, for "Detroit's IV" (representing the Roman numeral for 4). Additionally, in a series of promotional announcements with news anchor Dwayne X. Riley, the new call letters were said to represent the phrase, "Where Detroit Is Vital". The WWJ-TV call sign was later adopted for use by the former WGPR-TV (channel 62) after its 1995 purchase by CBS, which had acquired WWJ radio in 1989 (CBS sold off its radio unit in 2017); the current WWJ-TV is a separate entity and not related to WDIV.

Ultimately, the FCC never imposed any limitations on ownership of television stations and newspapers in the same market and the exchange of stations between the Evening News Association (eventually subsumed by the Gannett Company in 1985) and The Washington Post Company (which was renamed Graham Holdings Company following the sale of The Washington Post in 2013) became somewhat unusual in television broadcasting.

In 1982, WDIV moved out of its facility (which had been built in 1936 for WWJ radio and expanded in 1948 and today is known as the Walker-Roehrig Building) adjacent to the headquarters of the Detroit News and moved one block to its current broadcast facility at West Lafayette Boulevard. The building has also housed the headquarters of Graham Media Group since 1997; the "Local" branding now used by most of the group's stations began at WDIV alongside its acquiring of flagship status in 2000. The station later became available outside the Detroit market when it was selected for inclusion on many Canadian cable providers in the late 1980s and early 1990s. WDIV's signal has been uplinked on C-band satellite since at least 1988. In 2004, the station bolstered local programming by securing broadcast rights to several Detroit Pistons basketball games (Fox Sports Detroit—now called Bally Sports Detroit—became the Pistons' sole broadcaster in 2008) as well as returning as the host television station for the North American International Auto Show. The station airs the auto show's charity preview, America's Thanksgiving Parade (both in high definition), the Ford Fireworks on the Detroit International Riverfront, and the charity event "The Hob-Nobble Gobble" which is held the night before the Thanksgiving parade.

On April 15, 2005, former WDIV employee John Owens was shot in the station's lobby by Epifanio Rivas, Jr., a man with a history of harassing WDIV employees. Rivas was charged with attempted murder, while Owens remained in the hospital in critical but stable condition. On November 21, 2006, Wayne County Circuit Court Judge James Callahan sentenced Rivas to 16 to 32 years in prison for the shooting; he was also sentenced to two years for a felony firearm conviction. In December 2008, WDIV began streaming its newscasts online as part of a redesign of the station's website. On June 21, 2010, The 52nd Annual Target Fireworks were produced and aired entirely in high definition. On August 6, 2010, WDIV-TV and WXYZ-TV (channel 7) became the first stations in Detroit to offer Mobile DTV feeds.

On the evening of April 14, 2011, a suitcase containing a suspected improvised explosive device was left in the WDIV studio lobby after the person who planted the device was denied entry by the station's security guard, prompting the Detroit Police Bomb Squad to evacuate the studio as well as the Doubletree Hotel across the street. That night's 11 p.m. newscast was broadcast from the corner of Lafayette and Howard streets; the evacuation resulted in master control operations being inaccessible, preventing the broadcast or editing of news stories, and the broadcast of commercials. The station's virtual channel temporarily reverted to 45.1 (the station's physical digital channel), with HD content downconverted to 720p. The device was detonated minutes later, with police giving the all-clear at 11:15 p.m. for the news crew to re-enter the studio.

Upon re-entering the studio, anchor Devin Scillian explained that WDIV has a policy of not immediately reporting bomb threats unless there is a true threat of an explosion or loss of life. However, because staff was barred access into the studio for the 11 p.m. newscast, an explanation as to why they were on the street, broadcasting from the station's mobile truck instead of the studio, needed to be given. The news was first reported by the Twitter and Facebook accounts of WDIV's news staff; WJBK, WXYZ-TV and WMYD (channel 20) reported on the situation while during the lockout, before the WDIV mobile truck could return to the studios from its assignments. A sweater and some empty soda cans were later found in the briefcase which was left by a homeless man that had followed a WDIV employee in for warmth and coffee; the man was brought to Detroit Receiving Hospital for observation the next day. The Detroit Police Department and Post-Newsweek's management said that no charges would be filed, calling it "just a big misunderstanding".

Programming
WDIV-TV is one of the few television stations in the United States to have aired Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy! from the beginning of their respective syndication runs in 1983 and 1984. Because of this, the programs did not air on CBC owned-and-operated station CBET-DT in Windsor during the years the Canadian network carried the game shows; they were removed from the CBC schedule in 2012.

Programming preemptions
In the 1970s and 1980s, WDIV preempted one to two hours of NBC's daytime programming every day. The station also refused to air Late Night with David Letterman and its successor, Late Night with Conan O'Brien at 12:35 a.m. for many years, and initially did not clear the Letterman-era program at all. Instead, until 1999, the station opted to rebroadcast The Jenny Jones Show in that timeslot, along with off-network syndicated programs such as Barney Miller.

During the 1978–79 season, it aired This Morning, a locally based talk show hosted by Cathie Mann, in place of the game shows Card Sharks and All Star Secrets, while for many years, NBC's 12:30 p.m. programming was preempted in favor of a newscast. During the 1983–84 season, the newscast was expanded to an hour, preempting NBC's noon programming (most notably Super Password). That season, WDIV also preempted the 1983 revival of Dream House in favor of the much more popular syndicated game show Tic-Tac-Dough.

From its debut until September 9, 2022, WDIV has also delayed the fourth hour of Today (which nationally airs at 10 am), airing it generally at 11 am, save for a period from 2013 to 2015 when it aired at 2 p.m. after the launch their own local talk show Live in the D. In its place, WDIV has aired The Ellen DeGeneres Show, The Ricki Lake Show and Rachael Ray at 10 am, with Live in the D airing in that timeslot.

The station did not carry NBC's late night rerun of the fourth hour of Today until 2019, preferring to carry an encore of the 11 p.m. newscast, paid programming, and a second run of Inside Edition. Along with all other Post-Newsweek stations, WDIV refused to air any of NBC's televised poker programming, including Poker After Dark, the National Heads-Up Poker Championship and Face the Ace.

From 1999 to 2002, WDIV did not clear the soap opera Passions at 2 pm. Instead, it aired on WADL (channel 38) at noon on a day-behind basis, while WDIV aired daytime talk shows at 2 pm; Houston sister station KPRC-TV did this as well until August 30, 2004, when it became the last NBC station to carry Passions at 2 pm. These two stations were the only NBC affiliate holdouts to the show; the issue was rendered moot when NBC canceled the soap opera in 2007. WDIV, KPRC-TV and Bonneville International-owned NBC affiliate KSL-TV in Salt Lake City also never carried Sunset Beach; the soap was seen, respectively, on WKBD, KTXH and KOOG (at the time, the former two were UPN affiliates and the latter was a WB affiliate).

NBC programming is still occasionally preempted for special events, including the annual Ford Fireworks and America's Thanksgiving Parade (whose coverage, incidentally, preempts the live Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade broadcast on the station, though it does carry the later tape-delayed broadcast) and on occasion, infomercials. Rebroadcasts of movies from This TV also air several times a year in prime time on WDIV's main channel (usually on Saturday nights or immediately after sweeps periods so no new network programming is affected) to recover revenue from developing news and weather events where sustained coverage preempts commercials, and to fulfill "make goods" for local advertisers.

Local programs and personalities
WDIV was the launching pad for several locally produced shows that went national. The station broadcast the talk show Sonya (hosted by Dr. Sonya Freidman) live at 4 pm. It was so popular that the station under the banner of Post-Newsweek Stations, syndicated it on a delayed basis to USA Network (which is now co-owned with NBC under NBCUniversal). WDIV also produced the afternoon variety show The Tony Orlando Show at 4 pm. However, the station's management canceled the program after one year to run the syndicated daytime talk show The Jenny Jones Show.

WDIV later signed WOMC (104.3 FM) morning radio host Dick Purtan to perform live segments during a 4–5 p.m. comedy block called Purtan's People. It was followed by WOMC's Tom Ryan with a monthly special that showed B-movies with comedy skits (in which Ryan played a character known as Count Scary). This was during the heyday of NBC's late-night success Second City Television and Joe Flaherty's Count Floyd. Eventually, Count Scary was dropped by WDIV and moved on to WKBD-TV (channel 50)'s Shocktoberfest. One local program idea that almost cost the station was for a Detroit-based comedy-drama called Hamtramck which aired only once. It created a storm of controversy with the Hamtramck/Polish American community. The program's executive producer, Alan Frank, apologized to the community.

Meteorologist Chuck Gaidica hosted the Michigan Lottery's game shows and his own show. Sports director Bernie Smilovitz also hosted a couple of shows including The Chuck and Bernie Show in which featured then Detroit Pistons coach Chuck Daly, and The Sparky and Bernie Show with Detroit Tigers manager Sparky Anderson. Smilovitz also hosted Bernie's Bloopers/Weekend at Bernie's bloopers specials.

Sports
WDIV was the over-the-air television flagship station of the Detroit Tigers, a relationship that lasted twenty seasons, from 1975 to 1994, and previously from 1947 to 1952. During the majority of WDIV's second tenure as the Tigers' broadcast outlet, Hall of Famers George Kell and Al Kaline served as play-by-play announcer and color analyst, respectively, on the telecasts. Bernie Smiltovitz hosted the station's pregame show, Tigers 'XX ('84, '85, etc.) during most of WDIV's time as the TV home of the Tigers. As a result of the station's carriage of Tigers games (which usually ranged between 40 and 50 telecasts per season, the majority of them on weekends), WDIV preempted or rescheduled any affected NBC programming that was displaced. The station also carried any Tigers games when they were featured nationally as part of NBC's MLB coverage from its 1947 sign-on until 1989; this included World Series victories in 1968 and 1984.

WDIV and WDWB/WMYD shared the over-the-air broadcast rights to the Detroit Pistons, from 2004 to 2008. After the 2007–08 season, the Pistons' local telecasts became exclusive to Fox Sports Detroit. As the co-flagship of the Pistons' television network, WDIV was the local outlet that televised the "Malice in the Palace" between the Pistons and the Indiana Pacers on the night of November 19, 2004, which led to the most infamous brawl in NBA history near that game's conclusion; the station also aired any Pistons games via NBC's broadcast contract with the NBA from 1990 to 2002.

The station has also carried the NFL's Detroit Lions, but not as an "official station" partner where it broadcast pre-season and team programming. From 1970 to 1997, via NBC's broadcast contract with the American Football Conference, home interconference contests were aired on channel 4 (which included the Thanksgiving games in some years). Since 2006, Lions games are shown on the station as part of NBC's Sunday Night Football package.

Additionally, through NBC's broadcast contract with the NHL, Detroit Red Wings games were carried until the deal's end in 2021, including the team's winning run through the 2008 Stanley Cup Finals as well as the team's appearance in the 2009 Stanley Cup Finals, though it often had to compete with CBC Television's CBET-DT across the river in Windsor, which also carries NHL playoff coverage.

Since 2023, the station has carried select Michigan Wolverines football games through NBC's broadcast contract with the Big Ten Conference.

News operation
WDIV-TV presently broadcasts $36 1/2$ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with six hours each weekday, three hours on Saturdays and $3 1/2$ hours on Sundays). The station uses a Eurocopter A350 helicopter for newsgathering, which is also shared with WJBK and WXYZ-TV through a Local News Service agreement with those stations' respective owners Fox Television Stations and the E. W. Scripps Company. This helicopter features a completely digital HD video system and is quite noticeable from the ground with its large front camera pod and distinctive red paint (hence the callsign "Red Bird"). WDIV also purchases services from Metro Traffic, which provides traffic reporting from its analog SD video platform, aloft on a Bell 206 airframe. This helicopter is blue and white with a smaller camera pod. Both helicopters are operated by HeliInc, which provides aircraft services to broadcasters in many markets.

WDIV's news department operates a fleet of 14 newsgathering vehicles, including 11 standard news ENG (electronic news-gathering) Ford E350 vans with two-band digital microwave transmitters and video editing platforms. One of these trucks is a dual-purpose microwave truck and digital satellite uplink package. The station has one micro-ENG E150 van capable of rapid deployment short-range broadcasts and one additional satellite uplink vehicle with a much larger 1.8-meter antenna.

On January 8, 2007, the station added a half-hour late afternoon newscast at 4 pm. In the spring of 2007, WDIV received an RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award, one of the highest honors in broadcast journalism. "The China Syndrome", reported and produced by Devin Scillian, was named Best Documentary. On August 19, 2007, starting with the 11 p.m. newscast, WDIV became the second television station in Detroit to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition.

In August 2013, WDIV dropped its noon newscast and converted it into an online-only broadcast to attract viewers who are at work during that timeslot. Viewer demand resulted in the station relaunching the noon newscast on the television station on January 13, 2014.

In August 2014, WDIV unveiled a new studio, designed in-house and constructed by the Livonia, Michigan-based company EWI Worldwide.

On November 11, 2016, Carmen Harlan retired after 38 years at the station to spend more time with her grandchildren.

On September 12, 2022, WDIV expanded its noon newscast to a full hour full-time.

Notable current on-air staff

 * Devin Scillian – weeknight anchor

Notable former on-air staff

 * Asa Aarons – consumer reporter (1990–1993, went to WNBC in New York City)
 * Asha Blake – weekend anchor/health reporter (1993–1996, went to NBC News; later at KWGN-TV in Denver and KTLA in Los Angeles, now with WFAA in Dallas–Fort Worth)
 * Jim Brandstatter – sports producer and reporter (1970s)
 * Doug Bruckner – reporter (now at Extra)
 * Mort Crim – news anchor/radio reporter (1978–1997, now runs Mort Crim Communications and spokesperson for Majic Windows)
 * Vince DeMentri – reporter (1993–1994, most recently at WPIX in New York City)
 * Carol Duvall – television personality and noon anchor (1960s–1970s; left for HGTV, died in 2023)
 * Sonny Eliot – weathercaster (1947–1980, later with WJBK-TV and WWJ-AM, died in 2012)
 * Shon Gables – morning anchor (2000–2003, left WCBS-TV in New York City in April 2006; now with WFAA in Dallas–Fort Worth)
 * Chris Hansen – investigative reporter/anchor (1988–1993, later at NBC News)
 * Fred Hickman – sports anchor (1984–1985, also worked at CNN and ESPN, died in 2022)
 * Doug Hill – meteorologist (1980–1982, later at WJLA-TV in Washington, D.C., died in 2021)
 * Davey Marlin-Jones – film critic (1978–1987, also worked at WUSA in Washington, D.C., died in 2004)
 * Fred McLeod – weekend sports anchor/host of Sports Final Edition on Sunday nights (1989–2006; later the TV play-by-play voice of the NBA's Cleveland Cavaliers, died in 2019)
 * Rob Parker – sports anchor, also co-host of Sports Final Edition, now retired
 * Anne Thompson – reporter (1986–1997; now at NBC News as correspondent for NBC Nightly News)
 * Reynolds Wolf – meteorologist (1999–2002, joined CNN; currently on The Weather Channel)
 * Van Earl Wright – sports anchor (1993–1996, was lead announcer of NBC's 2008 revival of American Gladiators)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

WDIV's second digital subchannel formally carried programming from NBC Weather Plus, which folded in November 2008. WDIV-TV also has a Mobile DTV feed of subchannel 4.1, labelled "Local 4", broadcasting at 1.83 Mbit/s.

WDIV-DT2 was one of the few affiliates of This TV to have been affiliated with the network through most of its entire history, even as it was dropped in several other markets before Allen Media Group purchased the network in 2021. The network shut down on May 31, 2024, without prior on-air notice or announcement from Allen Media Group. The feed has since been replaced by a simulcast of the network's fourth subchannel, Cozi TV.

On July 30, 2015, WDIV-TV became the market's affiliate for Weigel Broadcasting's MeTV network through their third subchannel. WDIV-DT3 is used as an overflow feed for network and syndicated programming if the latter is pre-empted by breaking news and severe weather coverage on 4.1.

On January 3, 2020, WDIV-TV activated a fourth subchannel, which broadcasts Cozi TV, a network owned by NBC's parent company NBCUniversal. This makes WDIV-TV the third station in the Detroit market to have been affiliated with Cozi TV, which was previously on WMYD and on WADL.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WDIV-TV signed on its digital high-definition signal on UHF 45 on March 1, 1999. The station shut down its analog signal over VHF channel 4 on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 45, using virtual channel 4.

As part of the SAFER Act, WDIV kept its analog signal on the air until June 26 to inform viewers of the digital television transition through a loop of public service announcements from the National Association of Broadcasters.

In March 2017, the station announced that it would move its physical RF channel to UHF channel 32.

Out-of-market coverage
WDIV's over-the-air signal can be picked up as far away as Flint, Lapeer, and Adrian in Michigan, as well as Toledo, Ohio and even London, Ontario. WDIV is also one of only three American stations that mention Windsor and London as among their primary viewing areas, alongside WMYD and WJBK.

WDIV is carried on most cable providers in Southeast Michigan, Southwestern Ontario and Northwestern Ohio. It is also carried on several other Canadian cable providers including Rogers Cable in the capital city of Ottawa well away from the range of its signal. It is one of five Detroit area television stations seen in Canada on satellite provider Shaw Direct and was the original affiliate offered by CANCOM (now Shaw Broadcast Services) starting in September 1983. WDIV is also carried on some cable providers in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in communities such as Seney, Republic and Grand Marais.

CANCOM/Shaw's carriage of WDIV stretches outside of Canada with cable carriage in places as varied as far northern New York state (Alexandria Bay), all of Bermuda, parts of Latin America and for a time in the early 1990s, some parts of Ireland (with a delay). In addition, WDIV is carried on some cable providers in Mexico, via Shaw Broadcast Services, such the Cablemás system in Ciudad Juárez, which offers WDIV instead of fellow NBC affiliate KTSM-TV in nearby El Paso, Texas. From 1985 to circa 1998, WDIV was the NBC affiliate carried by Cable Atlantic (now Rogers Cable) in Newfoundland and Labrador including in St. John's before the provider switched to the network's Boston affiliate WHDH (which was affiliated with NBC from 1995 to 2017; it is now independent).

Coverage on cable providers outside the Detroit–Windsor market may be subject to syndication exclusivity and network blackouts in the United States and simsubbing in Canada.

title: WDIV-TV


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Río de Oro

Río de Oro (Spanish for "River of Gold"; وادي الذهب, Wādī-aḏ-Ḏāhab, often transliterated as Oued Edhahab) was, with Saguia el-Hamra, one of the two territories that formed the Spanish province of Spanish Sahara after 1969; it had been taken as a Spanish colonial possession in the late 19th century. Its name seems to come from an east–west river which was supposed to have run through it. The river was thought to have largely dried out – a wadi, as the name indicates – or have disappeared underground.

The Spanish name is derived from its previous name Rio do Ouro, given to it by its Portuguese discoverer Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia in 1436. The Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator dispatched a mission in 1435, under Gil Eanes and Baldaia, to find the legendary River of Gold in western Africa. Going down the coast, they rounded the al-Dakhla peninsula in present-day Western Sahara and emerged into an inlet, which they excitedly believed to be the mouth of the River of Gold (see Senegal River). The name continued to be used for the inlet and the surrounding area although no gold was found there, neither in the water of the narrow gulf, probably mistaken for the river itself, nor in its neighborhood. Some gold dust, however, was obtained from the natives.

Occupying the southern part of Western Sahara, the territory lies between 26° to the north and 21° 20′ to the south. The area is roughly 184,000 km2, making it approximately two thirds of the entire Western Sahara. The former provincial capital founded by the Spanish was Villa Cisneros, which was renamed under Moroccan administration in 1976 "ad-Dakhla".

The Battle of Río de Oro was a single-ship action fought in August 1914 during the First World War. A British protected cruiser attacked a German auxiliary cruiser off the small Spanish colony of Río de Oro.

In 1975, as Spain retreated from the territory, Western Sahara was split under the Madrid Accords between Mauritania and Morocco, even if this division was bitterly contested by the Polisario Front. The dividing line ran halfway through Río de Oro, with Morocco taking the northern part plus Saguia el-Hamra, and Mauritania annexing the lower third of the colony as a northern province called Tiris al-Gharbiyya (Western Tiris). Its provincial capital was already called Dakhla. After a disastrous four-year war with the Polisario, Mauritania relinquished Tiris al-Gharbiyya, withdrew from Western Sahara, and left Morocco and the Polisario as the sole belligerents in the conflict, which is not yet resolved; a cease-fire has been in effect since 1991.

This area is today divided by the Moroccan military berm, with Morocco occupying the parts to the west of it, and the Polisario Front-held Free Zone, under the control of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to the east. These zones are temporary divisions negotiated as a part of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) ceasefire.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Río de Oro


text:
WKMG-TV

WKMG-TV (channel 6) is a television station in Orlando, Florida, United States, affiliated with CBS and owned by Graham Media Group. The station's studios are located on John Young Parkway (SR 423) in Orlando, and its transmitter is located on Brown Road near Christmas, Florida.

Channel 6 is the oldest TV station in Central Florida, signing on as WDBO-TV in July 1954. It was built and owned by the Orlando Broadcasting Company alongside Orlando radio station WDBO (580 AM). WDBO-TV aired local programming as well as shows from all major networks of the era; it became a sole CBS affiliate in 1958, by which time the market had three commercial stations. It was owned by Rhode Island interests, first the Cherry Broadcasting Company and later The Outlet Company, from 1957 to 1986; late in the latter's ownership, it changed its call sign to WCPX-TV, an artifact of an attempted merger with Columbia Pictures that ultimately never transpired, and moved to its present studio facilities.

Channel 6 led local news ratings until its tower in Bithlo collapsed during construction work in June 1973, killing two workers. The station was not at full-power until the mast was replaced more than two years later; its ratings fell, and in the late 1970s WFTV moved from worst to a dominant first. The slide was aggravated after Outlet sold WCPX-TV to First Media for $200 million, a then-record price for an Orlando TV station, at a peak of broadcast station valuations. For most of its ownership, First Media shied away from making major investments, in part crimped by the high purchase price. The newscasts struggled despite multiple changes in format, anchors, and presentation; meanwhile, First Media used WCPX-TV as a springboard to produce programming for national syndication.

First Media put its television stations on the market in 1996. They were purchased by the Meredith Corporation; as it owned WOFL at the time, it traded WCPX-TV to Post-Newsweek Stations. WCPX-TV became WKMG-TV in January 1998 in honor of Katharine Meyer Graham, the longtime publisher of The Washington Post. High turnover continued in the news department, but the station on the whole became more competitive, particularly in late news ratings, against WFTV and WESH.

WDBO-TV: Construction and early years
After the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ended its multi-year freeze on new TV station assignments in April 1952, it allocated two very high frequency (VHF) channels to Orlando, channel 6 and 9. Orlando radio station WDBO (580 AM) was the first applicant for channel 6 and remained unopposed until Central Florida Enterprises, a group of local businessman, filed a competing application in September. The competing bids for channels 6 and 9 made a comparative hearing necessary and delayed the arrival of television in Orlando, as the commission continued to work on awarding stations in larger, higher-priority cities.

Central Florida Enterprises withdrew its application for channel 6 on October 13, 1953, unblocking the channel for WDBO. Their decision won formal praise from the Orlando city council. The next day, the FCC awarded WDBO's parent company, the Orlando Broadcasting Company, a construction permit for channel 6. Management predicted they would be on the air by late April 1954. WDBO-TV secured primary affiliation with CBS as well as supplemental agreements to air the programs of the ABC, DuMont, and NBC networks. A tower on Texas Avenue, west of US 441, was constructed in the spring of 1954 as part of a TV Center, containing new transmitter facilities for WDBO radio and television as well as television studios. Technical issues postponed the start of broadcasting several times. Mark Barker, the station's first production manager, recalled that the noisy metal roofing in the studio was a major issue, and insulation lowered the ceiling height.

WDBO-TV signed on the air on July 1, 1954, as the first television station in Central Florida. It remained the only Orlando-area station until November 1957, when WESH (channel 2) in Daytona Beach moved its antenna and began covering the full market as an NBC affiliate. In February 1958, WLOF-TV (now WFTV) began on channel 9 as Orlando's ABC affiliate.

In addition to network programming, WDBO-TV featured a variety of local programs. William D. "Don" McAllister came over from WDBO radio and hosted Hunting and Fishing with Don, which aired on the station from its 1954 launch until 1972. Walter Sickles, channel 6's first program director, hosted the children's show Adventures with Uncle Walt; it aired until February 27, 1967, when the host was abruptly fired moments before airtime. For three years, the station had a weekly program of organ music. A freelance photographer sold still images of accidents and news events for the station's newscasts.

In 1957, Orlando Broadcasting Company sold the WDBO stations for $3 million to the Cherry Broadcasting Company of Providence, Rhode Island. It was owned by William S. Cherry, president of WPRO radio and television in that city, and by two of their senior executives. Cherry died in 1961; his wife, Mollie, took over the management of the WDBO stations and the Cherry Plaza Hotel in Orlando.

Outlet Company ownership
In January 1963, Cherry Broadcasting Company announced it was negotiating to sell the WDBO stations to The Outlet Company, a Providence-based department store company and owner of WJAR radio and television there. After receiving FCC approval, the transaction was completed effective August 1. In 1966, Outlet completed a 4400 ft2 addition to the 10000 ft2 original studio, which featured an enlarged newsroom as well as a fallout shelter.

WDBO-TV and WFTV in 1966 proposed constructing, on a joint basis, a new TV tower near Bithlo. channel 6 was the first to switch to the new tower, relocating in June 1969. It was the tallest structure in Florida at 1484 ft. The new tower was eagerly awaited in Brevard County, where reception of the Orlando and Daytona Beach stations had historically been poor. this was activated in 1970, replacing the mast at its Orlo Vista site. The 1549 ft tower had been delayed a year because of manufacturing issues at General Electric.

The tower collapsed on June 8, 1973, while workers were installing an antenna for public station WMFE-TV; two people died. WFTV was taken out of service, while channel 6 was able to quickly revert to its previous facility. The collapse had a substantial impact on ratings for the three local stations: an unaffected WESH took the lead in news, while leader WDBO sank to second and WFTV remained in third. WFTV was the first of the three television stations affected to transmit from the replacement tower on the site, switching in October 1975; WDBO-TV soon followed.

WDBO briefly moved back into the lead in early evening news ratings after the new tower went into place, though its 11 p.m. news lagged WESH. That year, after hiring Frank Magid and Associates as a consultant, the station demoted longtime anchor Ben Aycrigg from the late newscast in an evident push that favored younger talent. By 1978, bolstered by an ascendant ABC and changes to its newscasts, a rejuvenated WFTV was the number-one station in Central Florida, consigning WDBO-TV to second or third place. The easing out of Aycrigg, who was considered the Orlando equivalent of Walter Cronkite, coincided with this decline; Aycrigg continued to preside over the noon news, which was channel 6's best-performing newscast, until 1996.

Call sign change to WCPX and studio relocation
Outlet agreed to merge with Columbia Pictures, a subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company, in 1982. The deal fell through, but Outlet agreed to sell the WDBO radio stations, which would have been required to receive FCC approval. That sale went ahead; WDBO radio, which had existed since 1924, kept that call sign, and channel 6 had to change. The call sign WCPX-TV—for "Colpix", the abbreviation of Columbia Pictures—had already been chosen for the new station. In spite of Columbia not buying Outlet, station management opted to keep the new designation, which took effect on June 6, 1982. In what was the second-largest group station deal for its time, in 1983, Outlet was purchased by the Rockefeller Group.

As early as 1979, Outlet began pursuing the construction of new studios for WDBO-TV. After a two-year search, it sold its land parcel on Texas Avenue in 1981 to a Massachusetts developer Outlet lost a court battle in its attempt to use tax-free bonds to build the studio facility, The new facility, known as Broadcast House, opened on March 5, 1984.

First Media ownership
Outlet pared down its holdings in 1986, selling off three of its television stations to finance the $625 million buyout of the group by its management from the Rockefeller Group. At that point, WCPX was sold to First Media Corporation, a private company controlled by the Marriott family separately from the Marriott Corporation, for $200 million—at that time, the highest price paid for an Orlando television station. It was the first television station to be acquired by First Media, which at the time owned 11 radio stations. The radio group was sold the following year to a partnership controlled by Cook Inlet Region, Inc., but WCPX-TV remained with First Media.

First Media's ownership of WCPX-TV did not get off to a good start. The company bought WCPX-TV for a record price at the peak of broadcast station valuations in the 1980s. Between May 1986 and February 1989, the station slipped from second in total-day ratings to third, matching the position of its evening newscasts. The company shunned outside promotion and showed an unwillingness to make needed investments to keep pace. In the latter front, the high purchase price paid by First Media diminished the company's ability to spend on capital expenses. Popular personalities such as Carole Nelson and Mike Burger were fired. Glenn T. Potter, who served as company president for WCPX-TV's first five years under First Media, lacked prior experience in running TV stations and was attributed with many unpopular and unwise decisions; he was demoted in 1991 to head up a radio division that owned no stations. In 1990, the station began producing a 10 p.m. newscast for air on a public access channel of the local CableVision of Central Florida system; the next year, it moved to WKCF (channel 68, then channel 18), where channel 6 continued to produce it through the end of 2000.

Under Mike Schweitzer, the station changed in February 1992 to a more aggressive format with anchors walking around the news set. David Wittman was hired from Boston to anchor the news, replacing eight-year WCPX veteran Glenn Rinker. The new format did not show much promise; ratings remained in third or, in one instance, fractionally ahead of WESH for second. In October 1993, veteran anchor Bud Hedinger, who had worked at WFTV in the 1980s, was added to the anchor team; ratings increased, and the station expanded by adding a weeknight newscast at 5:30 p.m. and weekend morning news, as well as new equipment.

First Media used Orlando and WCPX-TV as a springboard into the national syndicated programming market. Over the course of the 1980s, the station increased its production staff and aired a series of music specials. In 1990, First Media set up a program production unit, First Media Entertainment, producing pilots of syndicated shows under contract; two years later, it and Genesis Entertainment syndicated a special on the Academy Awards to stations nationwide as well as Emergency Call, showing paramedics on duty.

Brooke Spectorsky became WCPX-TV's general manager in October 1994. His arrival coincided with a change in philosophy at First Media, which acquired two other TV stations (WHNS in Asheville, North Carolina, and KPDX in Portland, Oregon) and showed a much-increased willingness to invest in the station. Under Spectorsky, the station reduced its preemptions of CBS network programs—most notably Picket Fences, which it aired in late night hours—by nearly two-thirds. First Media purchased two microwave newsgathering trucks and a satellite truck. Ten positions were added to the news department. In June 1995, the station's newscasts were completely relaunched with a more traditional format, featuring a new female anchor—Grace Rabold—as well as a new logo and presentation. The $5 million overhaul did not lead to any increases in ratings until November 1996, when the station posted its best news viewership in years.

Graham ownership
In October 1996, First Media put all three of its stations up for sale. WCPX-TV received heavy interest from a variety of buyers including Gannett; the Meredith Corporation, owner of Orlando Fox affiliate WOFL; Post-Newsweek Stations; and Sunbeam Television. On January 24, 1997, Meredith announced its acquisition of all three First Media Television stations for $435 million. At the time, duopolies were not allowed; Meredith had to select a station to keep. Employees at both stations suggested that WOFL would be chosen for sale, but Meredith decided to keep WOFL. In June 1997, Meredith swapped WCPX to Post-Newsweek Stations in exchange for WFSB in Hartford, Connecticut, and $60 million. The $275 million transaction set the new single-station sales price for an Orlando TV station. While Post-Newsweek traded up to a stronger growth market, Meredith acquired WFSB, the leading TV station in Connecticut with a cash flow 40 percent higher. On January 30, 1998, the station changed its call sign to WKMG-TV in honor of Katharine Meyer Graham, the longtime publisher of The Washington Post. Coinciding with the new call sign, the station debuted another top-to-bottom overhaul of its newscasts, including a new female anchor—Leslye Gale—as well as a new logo and set.

In spite of turnover in news personalities and senior management, WKMG's newscasts slowly became competitive in some time periods, notably 11 p.m., by 2001. That year saw several other changes at WKMG-TV, which began broadcasting a digital signal on channel 26 on April 1, 2001; it originated from a new purpose-built tower, shared with WESH, near Christmas. The station rebranded as Local 6 that September as part of broader changes instituted by Henry Maldonado, a Post-Newsweek Stations corporate official who split his time between company headquarters in Detroit and Orlando.

On May 1, 2009, the station's 4, 5 and 5:30 p.m. newscasts were dropped, with the 5–6 p.m. news block replaced by Dr. Phil, and a new hour-long newscast at 6 p.m. debuted, moving CBS Evening News to 7 p.m. The changes were accompanied by a reduction of 15 to 20 employees. Even as the station showed ratings strength in late news, the syndicated talk show proved an underperforming lead-in to the 6 p.m. news. In January 2011, the hour-long 6 p.m. news was dropped, split into 6 and 7 p.m. newscasts around the CBS Evening News. That September 2011, the station relaunched a half-hour newscast at 5.

Post-Newsweek Stations became Graham Media Group on July 28, 2014. WKMG dropped the "Local 6" branding, which had been used since 2001, and adopted the name News 6. The change coincided with another round of new management. While WFTV has remained strong overall, ratings have increased for WKMG in the late 2010s and early 2020s, and late newscasts have benefited from a strong lead-in of CBS prime time programs. As of December 2023, the station produced $44 1/2$ hours a week of news programming for broadcast and streaming.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Lisa Colagrossi – anchor, 1995–2001
 * Troy Dungan
 * Trace Gallagher –reporter, 1993–1996
 * Jerry Hodak
 * Mark McEwen – morning news anchor, 2004–2005
 * Shepard Smith – reporter, 1991–1993
 * Tom Terry – meteorologist

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

After beginning digital broadcasting in 2001, WKMG-TV ended regular programming on its analog signal on channel 6 on June 12, 2009. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 26, using virtual channel 6. As part of the SAFER Act, WKMG-TV kept its analog signal on the air until July 12 to inform viewers of the digital television transition through a loop of public service announcements from the National Association of Broadcasters.

During the trials of Casey Anthony in 2011 and George Zimmerman in 2013, regular daytime programs were moved to the 6.2 subchannel to allow for wall-to-wall trial coverage.

WKMG-TV is a participant in Orlando's ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) deployment, which rolled out on July 1, 2021.

Translator
WKMG-TV operates a translator station, WKMG-LD, in Ocala. The facility was built in 1982 as a translator for WTOG in St. Petersburg and was acquired by First Media in 1995 to improve reception. Ocala was far enough from Orlando that co-channel reception of WCTV from the Tallahassee area and high-power local radio stations interfered with proper reception of the then-WCPX.

title: WKMG-TV


text:
Kenting National Park

Kenting National Park, commonly known as Kenting , is a national park located on the Hengchun Peninsula of Pingtung County, Taiwan, covering Hengchun, Checheng, and Manzhou Townships. Established on 1 January 1984, it is Taiwan's oldest and the southernmost national park on the main island, covering the southernmost area of the Taiwan island along Bashi Channel. Administered by the Executive Yuan's Ministry of the Interior, this national park is well known for its tropical climate and sunshine, scenic mountain and beach, the Spring Scream rock-band festival held in every March, and has long been one of the most popular tourist destinations in Taiwan with 5.84 million visitors in 2016.

Etymology
Kenting (墾丁, Kun-ting in Taiwanese) means pathfinders or pioneers.

Geography
The park covers about 181 km2 of land, 152 km2 of sea, weighing in at 333 km2 combined. Nan Wan and Banana Bay (香蕉灣) is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, the Taiwan Strait, and the Luzon Strait. The park is 90 km away from Kaohsiung, 140 km away from Tainan.

The landscape boasted by Kenting National Park is divided into two parts by the long and narrow Hengchun Longitudinal Valley Plain that extends from north to south. With coral sea cliffs teemed with fringing reefs along the west coast, the park features a large number of mountains in the north, and coral tablelands and foothills in the south. The plain, which is formed by fault valleys, has a vast lake called Longluan Lake, together with rising coral tablelands and limestone caves to the east. The east side of the coral tablelands features unique sand rivers and sand waterfalls formed by the combined effects of winds and rivers, as well as coral cliffs, sunken caves and stalactites.

Climate
Kenting is known for its tropical climate with warm to hot weather year-round. Along with the rest of Pingtung, the climate is geographically classified as a tropical monsoon climate.

Biodiversity
The park hosts rich terrestrial biodiversity of fauna and flora including 15 species of mammals, 310 species of birds, 59 species of reptiles and amphibians, 21 species of freshwater fish, 216 species of butterflies, and various insects.

Eluanbi Park or Oluanpi Park (鹅鑾鼻公園) is located at Cape Eluanbi. Nature reserves such as the Longkeng Ecological Protection Area (龍坑生態保護區) protecting coral reefs and virgin forest of Banana Bay and Hengchun Peninsula. 26 species of land crabs inhabit in the area and which is the highest diversity of terrestrial crabs in single areas in the world. 34 species of terrestrial mammals including 5 locally extinct such as Formosan clouded leopard, and 4 introduced such as water buffalo, have been recorded. Formosan sika deer which became extinct in wild in 1969, was first reintroduced into Kenting National Park in 1994. Aside from sika deer, 6 species of terrestrial mammals were once thought to be extinct in the area, while critically endangered Chinese pangolin were rediscovered a decade after.

Ocean current which flows off the park provides rich diversities of marine ecosystems including sea birds, sea turtles including critically endangered hawksbill turtles, sharks such as bull sharks manta-rays, and whale sharks, and smaller to medium-sized cetaceans. The area was once a major wintering ground for sperm and baleen whales especially humpback whales that migrated into Nan Wan and Banana Bay. Japanese whaling during Japanese colonial days, led to severe depletions or disappearances of whales in consequence. Today, no or very few whales may constantly migrate along Hengchun Peninsula and into the park's waters. Dugongs, thought to be either fully or functionally extinct in Taiwan, were reported in the 1950s and 60s, and these were some of the last report of the species in Taiwanese waters.

The national park is an important stopover on the migration path of the gray-faced buzzard.

Lighthouse
Eluanbi Lighthouse was completed in 1883, following requests from the American and Japanese governments to the Chinese government after several shipwrecks occurred in the 1860s (including the Rover incident). Chinese troops had to be sent to protect the lighthouse during construction from attacks by local tribesmen, and the lighthouse was surrounded by a fort with cannons and a ditch for protection. It is one of the rare examples in the world of a fortified lighthouse. The lighthouse itself is 21.4 m high and its light is 56.4 m above the tidal high water. The light flashes every 10 seconds and its range is 27.2 nmi.

Transportation

 * Bus: Frequent buses link this park with Kaohsiung International Airport, Taiwan Railway Administration's Kaohsiung Station and the Taiwan High Speed Rail Zuoying Station, a journey of 2.5 hours.
 * Air: This park is served by the domestic Hengchun Airport although flights are rare and are subject to cancellation due to the strong Katabatic wind which is frequent in the Hengchun Peninsula.

In popular culture

 * Spring Scream: A well-known international rock-band festival held inside this park since 1995.
 * Most parts of the 2008 film Cape No. 7 were filmed inside this park, and nearby Hengchun.
 * Part of the 2012 film Life of Pi was filmed inside the park, which is not far from its director Ang Lee's birthplace.

title: Kenting National Park


text:
Jonathan Goble

The Reverend Jonathan Goble (1827–1897) was an American Free Baptist minister and missionary in Yokohama, Japan. He travelled with Matthew C. Perry to Japan in 1853. While there, he learned the Japanese language. He returned as the first Baptist missionary to Japan in 1860. It is said that around 1869, he built the first rickshaw to transport his invalid wife Eliza Goble around the city. However, there are numerous other theories about the origin of the rickshaw.

Name
His name is listed variously as Jonathan Scobie, E. Jonathan Scobie and Jonathan Goble.

In culture
Musical Theater: Jonathan Goble appears as a character (played by the narrator) in act two of the musical Pacific Overtures who explains how he came to invent his rickshaw while a series of local residents working as runners pulling his rickshaw die of exhaustion, each instantly replaced by a new runner.

title: Jonathan Goble


text:
Saguia el-Hamra

Saguia el-Hamra (Saguía el Hamra, الساقية الحمراء) was, with Río de Oro, one of the two territories that formed the Spanish province of Spanish Sahara after 1969. Its name comes from a waterway that goes through the capital. The wadi is inhabited by the Oulad Tidrarin Sahrawi tribe.

Occupying the northern part of Western Sahara, it lay between the 26th parallel north and 27°50'N. The city of Cape Bojador served to divide the regions. Its colonial capital was El Aaiún (Laâyoune), and it also included the city of Smara.

The territory takes its name from an intermittent river, the Saguia el-Hamra, the route of which runs west from south of El Farsia to reach the Atlantic at Laayoune.

The area is roughly 82,000 km, making it approximately a third of the entire Western Sahara.

title: Saguia el-Hamra


text:
User talk:ManetherinBlade

Hey, its me. Talk away.

title: User talk:ManetherinBlade


text:
Category:Cider

This category is for fermented beverages made from apples (cider, apfelwein) or pears (perry).

title: Category:Cider


text:
IHS

IHS may refer to:

Religious

 * Christogram IHS or ΙΗΣ, a monogram symbolizing Jesus Christ
 * In hoc signo, used by Roman emperor Constantine the Great

Organizations

 * Indian Health Service, an operating division of the US Department of Health and Human Services
 * Dictaphone company division for healthcare dictating applications
 * IHS Markit, a data publishing company (Information Handling Services) that originated in 1959, and has since merged with Markit.

Institutes

 * Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies, an international institute
 * Institute for Humane Studies, a US educational organization
 * Institute for Humanist Studies, a think tank based in Washington, DC

Societies

 * Indiana Historical Society, a historical society in the US
 * International Headache Society, organisation for professionals helping people affected by headache
 * International Horn Society, organization dedicated to horn-players
 * Ipswich Historical Society, in Ipswich, Massachusetts, US

Schools

 * Independence High School (Arizona), US
 * Irondequoit High School, Irondequoit, New York, US
 * Irvine High School, Irvine, California, US
 * Issaquah High School, Issaquah, Washington, US
 * The Indian High School, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
 * Interlake High School, Bellevue, Washington, US
 * Ithaca High School, Ithaca, New York, US

Technology

 * Intensity, hue, saturation, in the HSL color space
 * IBM HTTP Server, a web server
 * Integrated Heat Spreader, a heat spreader that serves as an interface between a chip and a heat sink

Other uses

 * Integrated Household Survey, a survey comprising multiple surveys in the UK
 * Ironclads: High Seas, a naval simulator computer game

title: IHS


text:
The Everett Herald

The Everett Herald is a daily newspaper based in Everett, Washington, United States. It is owned by Sound Publishing, Inc. The paper serves residents of Snohomish County in the Seattle metropolitan area.

Sam Perkins (1901–1905)
The first newspaper to be called The Everett Herald was established in 1891 and ceased publication during the Panic of 1893. The second incarnation came years later when Sydney "Sam" Albert Perkins, a proprietor of two Tacoma newspapers, purchased the Everett Independent circa January 1901 and renamed to The Everett Herald.

The first issue of the newly christened paper published on February 11, 1901 with Samuel E. Wharton serving as its editor. A 1908 book covering the history of Snohomish County lists both Perkins and Wharton as the newspaper's founders.

On March 14, 1903, The Everett Herald Company purchased a double corner lot on Colby Avenue and Wall Street for construction of a three-story brick building, which would make it the only paper on the Puget Sound to own the building it occupies. Once complete, the site would house The Herald's newspaper plant equipped with new machinery including a linotype machine from a New York factory, a double-feed Dispatch press and a Whitlock cylinder press. The Herald was to be enlarged to an eight-page seven-column paper, the same size as newspapers in Seattle and Tacoma.

The Best Family (1905–1978)
Perkins sold the paper to James B. Best, of Everett, and his newly established enterprise, The Daily Herald Company, on September 6, 1905. The price paid for both the building and business was $100,000. At the time the paper's circulation was 4,250.

James B. Best's wife Gertrude Best took over for him when he died in 1922 at the age of 56. By 1926, the paper's circulation was 15,000. Gertrude oversaw The Herald for the next 17 years. She established the paper's photo department and published its first Sunday edition, which was scrapped in 1932 as a result of The Great Depression. The Bests' son assumed the role of publisher when his mother suffered a stroke in 1939. She later died in 1947. Robert D. Best Sr. became publisher at 29 and served in that role for 37 years until dying from a stroke in 1976. He was succeeded by his son, Robert D. Best Jr.

The newspaper established a satellite news bureau for southern Snohomish County in May 1954, which later became the Western Sun edition in 1970.

A three-alarm fire occurred February 13, 1956, at the paper's building on Colby and Wall Streets. The explosive blaze began in the basement when a backfiring furnace ignited a pan of oil underneath the $150,000 rotary press. Extensive damage occurred throughout the building. Only the business offices escaped the flames, but were damaged by water and smoke. It took two-hours to extinguish the fire. Three firefighters were injured, but none of the 140 newspaper employees were hurt.

An editor said six employees were working in the building when the fire started at 8:53 p.m., but all escaped unharmed. As the building burned, a veteran reporter gathered staff members to remove what office equipment they could from the building before the flames drove them back. Despite the blaze, the paper published the next day by using the facilities of The Seattle Times and Local 23 Photo Engravers Union.

In 1959, The Herald moved its offices and printing presses to a building on California Street.

The Washington Post (1978–2013)
The Best family owned the newspaper until selling it in 1978 to the Washington Post Company. Robert D. Best Jr. remained on as the newspaper's publisher and president. At the time, circulation was 56,200.

The purchase was part of the Post's strategy of acquiring smaller dailies near large cities, and then expanding into some of the big-city territory. The strategy largely failed, and decades later The Herald "remained the awkward survivor of a discarded business strategy," Crosscut.com reporter David Brewster wrote in 2013. On April 5, 1981, The Herald relaunched its Sunday edition and folded the Western Sun edition into the countywide newspaper.

The Herald was an afternoon paper until switching to a morning paper in 1991. The newspaper also acquired a chain of weekly newspapers under The Enterprise in southern Snohomish County, which it operated from 1996 to 2012.

The Daily Herald website, HeraldNet.com, was launched on January 5, 1997.

The Herald Business Journal launched in April 1998 as monthly magazine covering business and technology. A website for that publication launched in April 2001. The magazine's name was changed to Snohomish County Business Journal in August 2002. The name changed back in 2012.

The Journal launched the same month as a competitor, Everett Business Journal, owned by Sun News Inc., which also published The Bellingham Business Journal and The Wenatchee Business Journal. In April 2004, Everett Business Journal ceased publication and its assets were acquired The Herald publisher. At that time The Herald business publication had a circulation of 16,000.

The Herald laid off 10 employees on August 19, 2008, due to the 2008 recession. About 15 empty positions company-wide would also not be filled anytime soon. No newsroom employees were laid off.

In January 2013, The Herald announced six employees would be laid off, including four from the newsroom, due to ad revenue loses. Two vacancies would also not be filled, and one news reporter's hours were reduced.

Sound Publishing (2013–present)
On February 6, 2013, the Washington Post Company announced it was selling the paper to the Sound Publishing division of Black Press, based in Victoria, British Columbia. At the time of purchase, The Herald had a 46,000 daily circulation and a 50,795 Sunday circulation while losing modest amounts of money in recent years. The newspaper then moved to Sound Publishing's offices on Colby Avenue in Everett. On November 6, 2013, the paper announced it would launch a paywall on its website with a limit of 15 free articles. Afterwards, readers would be prompted to subscribe for $8.95 per month.

Ten employees were laid off in February 2017, including four from the newsroom. In February 2019, it was reported The Herald had 200 or so coin-operated newspaper vending machines in operation and was planning to install newspaper racks topped with flat screen monitors at stores. An optical lens on top of the unit would be able to determine a person's age and gender within 15 feet and then play target ads along with sports scores, weather, news and a broadcast anchor. As of 2023, these racks have not been installed in stores. The newspaper's printing plant near Paine Field was replaced in 2022 by a new Sound Publishing plant in Lakewood. The plant includes a press acquired from The Gazette of Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

In April 2020, Sound Publishing laid off 20% of its workforce amid a decline in ad revenue resulting from the COVID-19 recession in the United States. Seventy workers across all departments lost their jobs, including more than a dozen employees who worked on The Herald. No news reporters were laid off, but newsroom employees had their hours reduced 20% to 40%.

In March 2020, The Herald launched the Investigative Journalism Fund in cooperation with the Community Foundation of Snohomish County. As of September that year, the paper had received donations amounting $125,000 to help support investigative journalism. In September 2020, The Herald launched the Environmental and Climate Change Reporting Fund in the same vain. The Health Reporting Initiative launched in October 2022 is funded in part for three years by Premera Blue Cross.

On July 19, 2022, editorial staff members at The Herald announced their intention to unionize, citing poor wages and an inability to retain staff as key concerns they wished to address. The Herald's newsroom employees voted unanimously on September 8 to unionize. On December 25, 2022, The Herald announced it would start using the U.S. Postal Service for same-day delivery. The paper also announced it would cease publishing a Sunday edition and that the Monday edition would be online only.

On June 19, 2024, the newspaper laid off 12 journalists—half of its editorial staff. An article on the layoffs posted to The Herald's website was taken down and replaced with version that appeared friendlier to owner Carpenter Media Group, which had acquired Sound Publishing earlier that year. A company executive called the original article a "hit-piece" while The Herald's editors threatened to quit if the story was not republished. On June 24, the paper's newsroom union went on strike for the day to protest layoffs. The union raised $13,353 on GoFundMe for its strike fund and Rick Larsen, who represents the Everett area in Congress, joined the striking workers Monday. The union alleged the company used a "quota system" based on story count and page views to determine who was going to be laid off and demands all jobs to be reinstated. On June 25, the union extended the strike for a second day until Carpenter Media agreed to set a date to bargain over the job cuts.

Notable court cases
In March 1983, The Daily Herald lost an appellate court case in the State of Washington in which it sought to quash a subpoena allowing a judicial review of confidential material gathered for articles it had published in 1979 on the cult activities of Theodore Rinaldo, who had since been convicted on charges of rape, indecent liberties and assault. The New York Times reported that the court had ruled that "criminal defendants could force reporters to reveal confidential sources if the information was crucial to the case" and characterized the loss as "a major defeat for the news media". The Daily Herald took the Appeals Court decision to the Washington Supreme Court in State v. Rinaldo 102 Wn.2d 749 (1984), which was heard en banc with the result that the subpoena itself was quashed on the basis that Rinaldo had not met the threshold requirements to compel such an inspection, while upholding the Court of Appeals ruling in general.

title: The Everett Herald


text: User talk:70.97.70.206

title: User talk:70.97.70.206


text:
Linda McQuaig

Linda Joy McQuaig is a Canadian journalist, columnist, non-fiction author and social critic. She first came to prominence as a reporter for her work investigating the Patti Starr affair. She went on to write a series of books and newspaper columns focusing on corporate influence in economic and social policy, with the National Post newspaper describing McQuaig as "Canada's Michael Moore".

In October 2016, one of McQuaig's books, Shooting the Hippo: Death by Deficit and other Canadian Myths, was named by the Literary Review of Canada as one of the 25 most influential Canadian books of the past 25 years.

Early years and personal life
McQuaig was born in September 1951 to a middle-class Toronto family that she has described as opinionated and interested in politics. Her father Jack, who she has called "politically conservative but with a strong sense of social justice", is founder of the McQuaig Institute of Executive Development and has written a half-dozen books on leadership and personal development. McQuaig's mother Audrey was also trained as a psychologist, but gave up her career to raise McQuaig, her sister and brothers.

From the ages of seven to nine, McQuaig wrote and published the one-page DeVere Weekly, a newspaper named after the street in Toronto on which her family lived. From 1963 to 1970 McQuaig attended Branksome Hall, a Toronto private girls school where she became president of the debating society and twice led her school to victory at the Ridley invitational debating tournament, and from which she graduated with the Governor General's medal for academic achievement. Later she attended the University of Toronto, where she worked for the student newspaper The Varsity and served as co-editor in chief with Thomas Walkom.

McQuaig graduated from the University of Toronto in 1974 with a BA, specializing in History and Political Theory.

In the 1970s McQuaig and four friends co-owned a house they called The Pit in Toronto's east end, where they hosted frequent house parties and dinners for friends in academia, media and the arts. In 1976 she lived for a year in Paris, where she learned French and wrote a never-published novel. In the mid-eighties McQuaig and two female friends created The Make-Out Game, a boardgame she has described as "a satire on the different ways men and women approach sex." In the early nineties she married criminal defence lawyer Fred Fedorsen, with whom she has a daughter. The marriage ended in 1994.

Career
McQuaig first worked as a journalist while a student at University of Toronto, initially writing and then co-editing, The Varsity, a year in each role. In 1974 she was hired as a full-time reporter by The Globe and Mail newspaper. In 1977 she became a story producer for CBC Radio's As It Happens. In 1979 she went to Tehran to freelance for the CBC, The Globe and Mail and Maclean's magazine, covering the aftermath of the Iranian revolution that overthrew the Shah. In 1981 she joined Maclean's as a senior writer, and in 1982 took a leave of absence to cover the 1982 Lebanon War from Lebanon, Israel and the West Bank.

In 1983 McQuaig wrote a two-part piece for Maclean's with its then-assistant business editor Ian Austen investigating whether Canadian financier Conrad Black had tried to inappropriately influence the Attorney General of Ontario to stop an investigation into his attempted takeover of Ohio-based Hanna Mining Company. Years later, Black described McQuaig in his Toronto Sun column as a "weedy and not very bright leftist reporter" who writes "sophomoric, soporiferous left-wing books", and told host Peter Gzowski on CBC Radio that McQuaig deserved to be "horsewhipped". Later McQuaig was retained as a freelance columnist for Black's National Post newspaper.

In 1984, McQuaig returned to the Globe as a political reporter, where she first came to national prominence in 1989 for uncovering the Patti Starr affair, in which former Ontario Place CEO Patti Starr was found to have illegally used charitable funds to make political donations, and for which McQuaig was awarded a Centre for Investigative Journalism Award and a National Newspaper Award.

In 1991, she was awarded an Atkinson Fellowship in Public Policy to study the social welfare systems in Europe and North America. This resulted in the Atkinson Foundation publishing, in 1992, a 51-page special report by McQuaig called Canada's Social Programs: Under Attack.

Since 1992 McQuaig has written an op-ed column in the Toronto Star and has supported herself through a combination of freelance writing, speaking engagements and royalties from her books.

Federal politics
On 6 August 2013, McQuaig announced that she would seek the nomination of the New Democratic Party to run in the pending Toronto Centre by-election. On 15 September she won the nomination on the first ballot. The election to replace Bob Rae was won by Liberal Chrystia Freeland. McQuaig ran again in the 2015 federal election losing to Liberal Bill Morneau. During that campaign, she was denounced by Prime Minister Stephen Harper after she stated on a CBC-TV program that much of the oil from the Athabasca oil sands would have to be left in the ground if Canada was to meet its climate change targets.

Themes
McQuaig is best known for her series of books and newspaper columns that describe how the corporate elite has managed to shape government economic and social policy in ways that have harmed the public interest.

Her first book, Behind Closed Doors (1987), relates the history of the fight over tax policy in Canada, detailing how members of the financial elite have effectively maintained and extended control over the country’s tax policy, to their own benefit.

The Quick and the Dead (1991) relates the story behind the Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States, and its negative impact on Canada.

Her best-selling 1993 book The Wealthy Banker's Wife compared the social welfare systems of Europe with those of the United States, and showed how Canada, traditionally in the middle between the two extremes, was increasingly veering towards the US model.

Her 1995 book, Shooting the Hippo, topped The Globe and Mail national best-seller list for more than two months. It argued that politicians and the business community had misled the Canadian public with claims that rising social spending was driving up the national deficit, thereby requiring the government to slash social spending. The book disputed the seriousness of the deficit and argued that the deficit's prime cause was the Bank of Canada’s anti-inflation policy, which had dramatically pushed up interest rates and driven the country into recession.

The Cult of Impotence (1998) disputed the notion that countries had no alternative but to submit to corporate demands for deep tax cuts and reduced social spending—or wealth-holders would move their capital offshore. She noted that, in the postwar era, countries had created international financial rules that prevented excessive capital mobility, and that such restraints were still possible in the modern global economy. What had changed wasn’t so much the technology but the political insistence of corporate interests on getting their way.

In All You Can Eat (2001), McQuaig looked at how the new international financial rules and trade deals were ensconcing a radical form of capitalism, leading to deep inequality and the disempowerment of the people. Drawing on the work of economic historian and anthropologist Karl Polanyi, McQuaig described how the new capitalism was not part of a natural evolution but rather a deliberately imposed redesign of society at odds with the basic human need for community.

It's The Crude, Dude: War, Big Oil and the Fight for the Planet (2004) looked at how the quest for oil has long shaped US foreign policy, culminating in George W Bush’s invasion of Iraq, even as global warming was making it imperative for the world to curb oil consumption.

It's the Crude, Dude: Greed, Gas, War and the American Way (2006) is a version of McQuaig's 2004 book with added information relating to the U.S.

In Holding the Bully's Coat: Canada and the US Empire (2007), McQuaig argues that Canada should stop supporting the US in its role as an imperial power.

In The Trouble with Billionaires (2010), McQuaig and co-author Neil Brooks, a professor of tax policy at Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto, examined the rise of the billionaire class and its negative impact on society, and argued for a much more progressive tax system.

Billionaires' Ball: Gluttony and Hubris in an Age of Epic Inequality (2012) is a version of The Trouble with Billionaires with an emphasis on economic policies in the U.S.

McQuaig's newspaper columns focus on issues like the importance of maintaining a strong social safety net, and on the detrimental effects of privatization, trade and globalization, and the influence of money in politics.

Books

 * 1987 – Behind Closed Doors: How the Rich Won Control of Canada's Tax System ... And Ended Up Richer – Toronto: Penguin Books; ISBN 0-670-81678-7
 * 1991 – The Quick and the Dead: Brian Mulroney, Big Business and the Seduction of Canada – Toronto: Penguin Books; ISBN 0-670-83305-3
 * 1993 – The Wealthy Banker's Wife: The Assault on Equality in Canada – Toronto: Penguin Books – ISBN 0-14-023065-3
 * 1995 – Shooting the Hippo: Death by Deficit and Other Canadian Myths – Toronto: Penguin Books; ISBN 978-0-670-84767-9
 * 1998 – The Cult of Impotence: Selling the Myth of Powerlessness in the Global Economy – Toronto: Penguin Books; ISBN 0-670-87278-4
 * 2001 – All You Can Eat: Greed, Lust and the New Capitalism – Toronto: Penguin Books; ISBN 978-0-14-026222-3
 * 2004 – It's the Crude, Dude: War, Big Oil and the Fight for the Planet – Toronto: Doubleday Canada; ISBN 978-0-385-66011-2
 * 2006 – It's the Crude, Dude: Greed, Gas, War and the American Way – New York: St. Martin's Press; ISBN 978-0-312-36006-1
 * 2007 – Holding the Bully's Coat: Canada and the U.S. Empire – Toronto: Doubleday Canada; ISBN 978-0-385-66012-9
 * 2010 – The Trouble with Billionaires (co-authored with Neil Brooks) – Toronto: Viking Canada; ISBN 978-0-670-06419-9
 * 2012 – Billionaires' Ball: Gluttony and Hubris in an Age of Epic Inequality (co-authored with Neil Brooks) – Boston: Beacon Press; ISBN 978-0-8070-0339-8
 * 2019 - The Sport and Prey of Capitalists: How the Rich Are Stealing Canada's Public Wealth - Toronto: Dundurn Press; ISBN 978-1-45974-366-3

title: Linda McQuaig


text:
Category:EC 1.18.6

Oxidoreductases acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors with dinitrogen as acceptor.

title: Category:EC 1.18.6


text:
Category:EC 1.18

Oxidoreductases acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors.

title: Category:EC 1.18


text:
Donna Cheatham

Donna Cheatham is a high school basketball coach. She has the most wins of any coach in Indiana girls’ high school basketball history. She graduated from Georgetown College in 1967 where she was a three-sport athlete, participating in basketball, volleyball and softball. After graduating with a biology degree, Cheatham took to the coaching ranks, where her career has placed her among the all-time best in the state of Indiana women's basketball. Cheatham coached at Scottsburg High School for 22 years, racking up a 379–80 (82.6%) record, the second best winning percentage in the state of Indiana for girls' basketball. Cheatham has served as coach of three All-Star teams and led her team to a 1989 high school state championship title. Her 1989 squad was ranked 13th nationwide by USA Today, and her 1990 team was ranked 10th in the country by Street & Smith. She has received 29 Coach of the Year honors during her tenure, including three that boasted national Coach of the Year recognition. She served on countless camps and clinics as a guest speaker and coach while at Scottsburg High School. Cheatham also coached softball at Scottsburg for eight years, recording a 41–7 record. She was named Scott County, Indiana, Woman of the Year in 1986 for her service and was a member of the Scottsburg Women's Athletic Council for 22 years.

At Southwestern High School in Hanover, Indiana, Cheatham has a 125–67 record in 8 years. On January 31, 2005, she recorded her 500th career victory, becoming the only girls' coach in the state's history to do so. To her name at Southwestern are numerous achievements, including four sectional titles, two regional titles, two semi-state, one state runner-up (2003), and one state title (2002). Through 43 years of coaching, Donna has tallied 699 career wins to 257 career losses (.731 win pct).

She has been the head coach once again at Scottsburg. Since June 23, 2009.

title: Donna Cheatham


text:
Islam in Tajikistan

Sunni Islam is, by far, the most widely practiced religion in Tajikistan. Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school is the recognized religious tradition of Tajikistan since 2009. According to a 2009 U.S. State Department release, the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim, (approximately 95% Sunni and 3% Shia), with some Sufi orders.

Demographics and early history
Islam, the predominant religion of all of Central Asia, was brought to the region by the Arabs in the seventh century. Since that time, Islam has become an integral part of Tajik culture. For instance, the Samanid state became a staunch patron of Islamic architecture and spread the Islamo-Persian culture deep into the heart of Central Asia. Also, Ismail Samani, who is considered the father of the Tajik nation, promoted Muslim missionary efforts around the region. The population within Central Asia began firmly accepting Islam in significant numbers, notably in Taraz, now in modern-day Kazakhstan. Hugo Rudolf von Stumm, a lieutenant in the, who was observing Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufmann's Khivan campaign of 1873, noted that the Tajiks were "rather lax in the observance of the religious precepts of the prophet". During the Soviet era, efforts to secularize society were largely unsuccessful and the post-Soviet era has seen a marked increase in religious practice. The number of Muslims who fast during the holy month of Ramadan is high; up to 99% of Muslims in the countryside and 70% in the cities fasted during the latest month of Ramadan (2004). Most Shia Muslims, particularly the Ismaili, reside in the remote Gorno-Badakhshan region as well as certain districts of the southern Khatlon region and in Dushanbe. Among other religions, the Russian Orthodox faith is practiced only by the Russians living therein, although the Russian community shrank significantly in the early 1990s. Some other small Christian groups now enjoy relative freedom of worship. There also is a very tiny Jewish community.

Shi'a Islam
The Sunni branch of Islam has a 1,200-year-old tradition among the sedentary population of Central Asia, including the Tajiks. A minority group, the Pamiris, are members of a much smaller denomination of Shia Islam, Nizari Ismailism, which first won adherents in Central Asia in the early tenth century. Despite persecution, Ismailism has survived in the remote Pamir Mountains and they are followers of the Aga Khan. According to the Pew Research Center 2009 census, there are over 400,000 Shia in Tajikistan, representing 7% from Tajikistan population

Soviet era
The traditional veil in Tajikistan worn before modern times was the faranji but during the Hujum, the Soviet Communists gave women civil rights equal to men, and prohibited the wearing of "oppressive clothing" like veils.

During the course of seven decades of political control, Soviet policy makers were unable to eradicate the Islamic tradition. The harshest of the Soviet anti-Islamic campaigns occurred from the late 1920s to the late 1930s as part of a unionwide drive against religion in general. In this period, many Muslim functionaries were killed, and religious instruction and observance were curtailed sharply. After the German attack of the Soviet Union in 1941, official policy toward Islam moderated. One of the changes that ensued was the establishment in 1943 of an officially sanctioned Islamic hierarchy for Central Asia, the Muslim Board of Central Asia. Together with three similar organizations for other regions of the Soviet Union having large Muslim populations, this administration was controlled by the Kremlin, which required loyalty from religious officials. Although its administrative personnel and structure were inadequate to serve the needs of the Muslim population of the region, the administration made possible the legal existence of some Islamic institutions, as well as the activities of religious functionaries, a small number of mosques, and religious instruction at two seminaries in Uzbekistan.

In the early 1960s, Nikita Khrushchev's rule escalated anti-Islamic propaganda. Then, on several occasions in the 1970s and 1980s, the Kremlin leadership called for renewed efforts to combat religion, including Islam. Typically, such campaigns included conversion of mosques to secular use; attempts to reidentify traditional Islamic-linked customs with nationalism rather than religion; and propaganda linking Islam to backwardness, superstition, and bigotry. Official hostility toward Islam grew in 1979 with Soviet military involvement in nearby Afghanistan and the increasing assertiveness of Islamic revivalists in several countries. From that time through the early post-Soviet era, some officials in Moscow and in Tajikistan warned of an extremist Islamic menace. Despite all these efforts, Islam remained an important part of the identity of the Tajiks and other Muslim peoples of Tajikistan through the end of the Soviet era and the first years of independence.

Recent developments
In October 2005, Tajikistan's Ministry of Education banned female students from wearing Islamic headscarves in secular schools. Wearing the hijab, or head scarf traditionally worn by Muslim women, and other religious symbols "is unacceptable in secular schools and violates the constitution and a new law on education," Education Minister Abdudjabor Rahmonov said. He expressed concern that pupils spent too much time in mosques at the expense of their education. "Many spend evenings in mosques and do not do their homework," Rahmonov said, adding that during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan many did not attend classes after Friday prayers.

More recently, according to an unconfirmed report, the Tajik government has closed hundreds of unregistered mosques, drawing locals to believe that the crackdown is actually against the religion of Islam. According to reports, some mosques have been destroyed while others have been converted into beauty parlors. Some have speculated that the crackdown is a result of governmental concerns of mosques being "unsafe," or that the imams may not act "responsible."

Tajikistan marked 2009 as the year to commemorate the Sunni Muslim jurist Abu Hanifa, as the nation hosted an international symposium that drew scientific and religious leaders. The construction of one of the largest mosques in the world, funded by Qatar, was announced in October 2009. The mosque was planned to be built in Dushanbe, and construction was finished by 2014. In 2010, Tajikistan hosted a session of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference with delegations from 56 members states gathering at Dushanbe.

Mosques are not permitted to allow women in, only state-controlled religious education is approved for children and long beards are banned in Tajikistan.

In Tajikistan, mosques are banned from allowing Friday prayers for those younger than 18 years old.

The government has shut down mosques and forbids foreign religious education. From the beginning of 2011, 1,500 mosques were shut down by the Tajik government, in addition to banning the hijab for children, banning the use of loudspeakers for the call of prayer, forbidding mosques from allowing women to enter, and monitoring imams and students learning an Islamic education abroad, having sermons in the mosque approved by the government and limiting the mosque sermons to 15 minutes. Muslims experienced the most negative effects from the "Religion Law" enacted by the government of Tajikistan, curtailing sermons by imams during weddings, making the "Cathedral mosques" the only legal place for sermons to be given by imams with sermons not being allowed in five-fold mosques, the five-fold mosques are small mosques and serve a limited number of people while the medium and big mosques are categorized as Cathedral mosques, girls who wore the hijab have been expelled from schools and hijabs and beards are not permitted on passport photos. Mosques have been demolished and shut down by the Tajikistan government on the excuses that they were not registered and therefore not considered as mosques by the government. Tajikistan has targeted religious groups like Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, Christians, and Muslims who try to evade control by the government, synagogue, churches, and mosques have been shut down and destroyed, only a certain amount of mosques are allowed to operate and the state must approve all "religious activity", in which those younger than 18 years old are not allowed to join in. Buildings for religious worship for Jehovah's Witnesses, Protestant churches, the Jewish Synagogue, and Muslim mosques have been targeted, destroyed, and shut down; and prayers are forbidden to take place in public halls, with severe restrictions placed on religion. Tajikistan forced religious communities to re-register with the government and shut down mosques and churches that refused re-registration in 2009. Churches, a synagogue, and mosques have been destroyed by the Tajikistan government. Government approval is required for Tajiks seeking to engage in religious studies in foreign countries, and religious activities of Muslims in particular are subjected to controls by the Tajikistan government. State control has been implemented on Islamic madrasahs, imams, and mosques by Tajikistan. A list of sermon "topics" for imams has been created by the Tajikistan government. Towns are only allowed to have a certain number of mosques, and only religious buildings sanctioned by the government are allowed to host religious activities. Schools have banned hijab, religious studies in private have been forbiddenn, mosque religious services are not allowed to admit children and non-registered mosques have been closed. Religious matters are banned for those under 18 year olds, public buildings do not allow beards, schools ban hijabs, unregistered mosques are shut down, and sermons are subjected to government authority. Only if "provided the child expresses a desire to learn" can a family teach religion to their own children, while the Tajik government banned all non-family private education. Islam and Muslims have been subjected to controls by the Tajikistan government, the states decides what sermons the imams give, the government discharges the salaries of imams and there is only a single madrasah in Tajikistan.

Jehovah's Witnesses have been declared illegal in Tajikistan. Abundant Life Christian Centre, Ehyo Protestant Church, and Jehovah's witnesses have accused Tajikistan of lying about them not being declared illegal at a Warsaw OSCE conference for human rights.

Among increasingly religious Tajiks, Islamic-Arabic names have become more popular over Tajik names.

The Tajik government has used the word "prostitute" to label hijab-wearing women and enforced shaving of beards, in addition to considering the outlawing of Arabic-Islamic names for children and making people use Tajik names even though Imam Ali (Emomali) is an Arabic name and is the first name of the Tajik president. Tajik President Rakhmon (Rahmon) has said that the Persian epic Shahnameh should be used as a source for names, with his proposed law hinting that Muslim names would be forbidden after his anti hijab and anti beard laws.

The black colored Islamic veil was attacked and criticized in public by Tajik President Emomali Rahmon.

The Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan has been banned by the Tajik government and was labeled as a terrorist organization. However, an Islamic Renaissance Party member subsequently visited Iran by the Iranian government, which was turned into an diplomatic protest by Tajikistan.

Tajikistan's restrictions on Islam has resulted in a drastic decrease of big beards and hijabs. Tajikistan bans Salafism under the name "Wahhabi", which is applied to forms of Islam not permitted by the government. To promote a better secular state, 160 Islamic clothing stores were shuttered and 13,000 men were forcibly shaved by the Tajik police and Arabic names were banned by the parliament of Tajikistan as part of a secularist campaign by President Emomali Rajmon.

In Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, women wore veils which covered their entire face and body like the Paranja and faranji. The traditional veil in Central Asia worn before modern times was the faranji but it was banned by the Soviet Communists but the Tajikistan President Emomali has misleadingly tried to claim that veils were not part of Tajik culture.

title: Islam in Tajikistan


text:
Mark Douglas-Home

Mark Douglas-Home (born 31 August 1951) is a Scottish author and journalist. He was the editor of The Herald newspaper in Scotland 2000–2005.

Early life
Douglas-Home was born on 31 August 1951. The son of Edward Charles Douglas-Home and Nancy Rose Straker-Smith, he was educated at Eton College and the University of the Witwatersrand, where he was the editor of the then anti-apartheid student newspaper, Wits Student. (An unrepentant Douglas-Home was deported from South Africa in 1970 by the government of the day, following a series of anti-government cartoons that were deemed offensive by Pretoria.) He was a reporter for the North London Weekly Herald, the Sunday Express, and the Edinburgh Evening News. He went on to work as Scotland Correspondent for The Independent, news editor and assistant editor for The Scotsman, deputy editor of the Scotland on Sunday, and editor of The Sunday Times Scotland.

Douglas-Home was appointed editor of The Herald, a nationally circulated broadsheet newspaper in Scotland, in 2000. During his tenure the paper introduced new daily themed magazines, and continued to sell more than The Scotsman. It was announced on 1 December 2005 that he was leaving the paper. In the months before this, budget cuts imposed on the paper by owners Newsquest and he had been resistant to these.

His first novel, The Sea Detective, was published by Sandstone Press in May 2011. A new edition was published by Penguin in November 2015. The Scotsman said it 'raises the bar' for Scottish crime fiction. The sequel, The Woman Who Walked into The Sea, was described as 'simply intoxicating' by the Library Journal in the USA. The third and fourth in the series, The Malice of Waves and The Driftwood Girls, were published respectively in May 2016 and January 2020. As a journalist, he is best known for having been the editor of The Herald newspaper in Scotland.

The noble title, the Earl of Home in the Peerage of Scotland, belongs to his family, and his cousin, David Alexander Cospatrick Douglas-Home is the current holder. His uncle, the previous holder, was Alec Douglas-Home, a former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He is married to Colette Douglas-Home, a psychotherapeutic counselor, who was formerly a journalist and columnist. The couple have two children called Rebecca Douglas-Home and Rory Douglas-Home.

title: Mark Douglas-Home


text: Category:EC 3.1.27

title: Category:EC 3.1.27