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The Patty Duke Show

The Patty Duke Show is an American television sitcom created by Sidney Sheldon and William Asher. The series ran on ABC from September 18, 1963, to April 27, 1966.

The series was developed as a vehicle for teenage star Patty Duke, who had won an Academy Award the previous year. Duke starred in dual roles of "twin cousins" Patty and Cathy Lane. The series co-starred William Schallert, Jean Byron, Paul O'Keefe, and Eddie Applegate.

A total of 104 black-and-white episodes, plus an unaired pilot, were produced by United Artists Television. ABC abruptly cancelled the series after three seasons.

Premise
Patty Lane (Duke) is a normal, chatty, rambunctious teenager who (according to the theme song lyrics) lives in the Brooklyn Heights section of New York City. Her father, Martin Lane (William Schallert), is the managing editor of the New York Daily Chronicle; Patty affectionately addresses him as "Poppo." Her "identical paternal cousin," Cathy Lane (also played by Duke), is sophisticated, brainy and demure; her father Kenneth (also played by Schallert) is Martin's identical twin brother. Since the widowed Kenneth is often away as a foreign correspondent for the Chronicle, Cathy moves to the United States to live with Patty's family – which also includes her mother Natalie (Jean Byron) and brother Ross (Paul O'Keefe) – and to attend Brooklyn Heights High School with Patty and her boyfriend Richard (Eddie Applegate).

While the girls are physically identical, their style, tastes and attitudes are nearly opposite, which is responsible for some of the comedic situations on the show. Though the character of "Cathy" received first billing over the character of "Patty" in the show's opening credits, virtually all episodes centered around Patty's misadventures, with Cathy often only playing a minor supporting role. The remarkable physical resemblance that Patty and Cathy share is explained by the fact that their fathers are identical twins. While Patty speaks with a typical American accent, Cathy speaks with a general European accent; not surprisingly, however, both cousins are able to mimic each other's voice. Patty and Cathy have an additional identical cousin, Southern belle Betsy (also played by Duke), featured in the season two episode "The Perfect Hostess."

Cast

 * Patty Duke as Patty Lane and Cathy Lane
 * Duke also "guest-starred" as Betsy Lane in the episode "The Perfect Hostess" (1965)
 * William Schallert as Martin Lane
 * Schallert also had a dual role as Kenneth Lane in three season one episodes, and as Uncle Jed in a season three episode
 * Jean Byron as Natalie Lane, Patty's mother
 * Paul O'Keefe as Ross Lane, Patty's brother
 * Eddie Applegate as Richard Harrison, Patty's boyfriend

Rita McLaughlin served as a double for Duke in the third season, but was never credited. In the series' unaired pilot episode, Mark Miller and Charles Herbert played Martin and Ross Lane, respectively.

Major recurring

 * Kitty Sullivan as Sue Ellen Turner (seasons 1-2), Patty's frenemy. She was replaced by Roz and Monica Robinson in the third season.
 * Cindy Williams portrayed Sue Ellen in Still Rockin' in Brooklyn Heights when Sullivan was unavailable.
 * John McGiver as J.R. Castle (season 1), Martin's boss at the Chronicle. He is not shown or mentioned after the first season.
 * David Doyle as Jonathan Harrison (seasons 1-2), Richard's father who is a construction engineer.
 * John Spencer as Henry (seasons 1-2), one of Patty's classmates.
 * Kelly Wood as Gloria (season 2), one of Patty's friends.
 * Marcia Strassman as Adeline (season 2), one of Patty's classmates.
 * Robyn Millan as Roz (season 3), one of Patty's classmates.
 * Laura Barton/Kathy Garver as Monica Robinson (season 3), Patty's rival. She replaces the Sue Ellen Turner character.

Notable guest stars

 * Jean-Pierre Aumont ("The French Teacher" 1963)
 * Ilka Chase ("The House Guest" 1963)
 * Alan Mowbray ("The Actress" 1963)
 * Joan Copeland ("Are Mothers People?" 1964)
 * Susan Anspach (as Susan: "Cathy, the Rebel" and "Will the Real Sammy Davis Please Hang Up?" 1965)
 * Frankie Avalon ("How to Be Popular" 1963; "A Foggy Day in Brooklyn Heights" 1965)
 * Kaye Ballard ("The Perfect Teenager" 1964)
 * James Brolin ("Patty Meets the Great Outdoors" 1965)
 * Roger C. Carmel ("Author! Author!" 1964)
 * Kim Carnes ("Patty Meets the Great Outdoors" 1965)
 * Jeremy Clyde ("Patty Pits Wits, Two Brits Hits" 1965)
 * Sammy Davis Jr. ("Will the Real Sammy Davis Please Hang Up?" 1965)
 * Jimmy Dean ("The Songwriters" 1964)
 * Troy Donahue ("Operation: Tonsils" 1965)
 * Dick Gautier ("Anywhere I Hang My Horn Is Home" 1966)
 * George Gaynes ("The Perfect Hostess" 1965)
 * Robert Goulet ("Don't Monkey with Mendel" 1965)
 * Margaret Hamilton (as Maid: "Double Date" 1963; "Let 'Em Eat Cake" 1964)
 * George S. Irving ("Let 'Em Eat Cake" 1964)
 * Peter Lawford ("Will the Real Sammy Davis Please Hang Up?" 1965)
 * Paul Lynde ("The Genius" 1963)
 * Sal Mineo ("Patty Meets a Celebrity" 1965)
 * Estelle Parsons ("The Con Artist" 1964)
 * Neva Patterson (as Miss Mason: "The Tycoons", 1964, and Miss Moore: "My Cousin the Heroine" 1965)
 * Charles Nelson Reilly ("The Conquering Hero" 1963)
 * Sara Seegar ("The Greatest Speaker in the Whole Wide World" 1966)
 * Frank Sinatra Jr. ("Every Girl Should Be Married" 1965)
 * Jean Stapleton ("The Raffle" 1965)
 * Chad Stuart ("Patty Pits Wits, Two Brits Hits" 1965)
 * Daniel J. Travanti ("Block That Statue" 1964)
 * Bobby Vinton ("Patty and The Newspaper Game" 1965)

Origins
Following her Academy Award-winning role in The Miracle Worker, ABC became interested in developing a series starring Duke. The network enlisted writer Sidney Sheldon to develop a vehicle for Duke. Sheldon asked Duke to spend a week with his family at their home to generate ideas. During this time, he noticed that Duke had two distinct sides to her personality (later in life she would be diagnosed as manic-depressive), and so came up with the concept of identical paternal cousins with contrasting personalities. According to Duke, he successfully captured her personality in the two characters.

In development, Cathy was initially from Scotland. Duke learned a true Scottish burr for the Cathy character. However, Duke's accent was done "so well they couldn't understand me", concerning producers that the viewers would not like or understand her with such a profound accent. Upon going into production for the series, Cathy had a "general European" background and accent.

The pilot episode was filmed on New Year's Day 1963 at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios in Culver City, California. Several differences in the pilot included the series being set in San Francisco; and Mark Miller and Charles Herbert portraying Martin and Ross Lane, respectively.

Seasons One and Two
Even before ordering the series, it was understood that production would shift from Los Angeles to New York City. In the previous decade, New York had dominated national network production. By the early 1960s, new formats and innovations such as coaxial cable service, film and video tape allowed for the industry to move to the West coast with the film industry. By 1963, most scripted programming was based in Hollywood, while New York served production for game shows (What's My Line), soap operas (As The World Turns), and late night shows (The Ed Sullivan Show). However, at 16 years old, Duke fell under California's strict child labor laws (known informally as the Coogan laws named after famed 1920s child actor Jackie Coogan), which curtailed the number of hours that child actors could work. Since New York did not have such stringent laws at the time, and Duke already resided in Manhattan, New York, the network relocated production of the series to Chelsea Studios and moved the series location to Brooklyn Heights.

Upon the series order, Miller declined to move on with the series. Schallert was hired after reading for producers, and reuniting him with his Byron, his co-star from The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis (which had ended the season before). Sheldon and Asher wrote and produced the series, with Duke's managers John and Ethel Ross also serving as associate producers. According to Duke and others, the cast and crew members were unaware of their abuse of her.

William Asher initially served as producer. However, before going on the air, he had failed to finish a full-length episode. As a result, ABC assigned Robert Costello to produce, though he only remained until the twenty-fifth episode. Following his departure, frequent director Stanley Prager took over for the remainder of the first season, as well as the second season.

Visual effects

The dual role for Duke challenged special effects for its time, considering that television special effects were rare in the early 1960s, particularly for a sitcom. In all episodes, Duke appeared as both characters in the same frame through use of a split-screen effect. The technically ambitious traveling matte process was also used from time to time, particularly in the pilot. To complement these effects, child actress Rita McLaughlin was used as Duke's double (almost always seen only from behind). To differentiate the two characters to the viewing public, the character Patty wore a flip-fall hairpiece, while Cathy's character wore a more conservative turn-under hairstyle.

Season Three and cancellation
Midway through the second season, Duke celebrated her eighteenth birthday and fired the Rosses as her managers. As Duke was now old enough to work longer hours, ABC wanted to shift the show's production to Los Angeles. Duke initially was against the idea, but eventually agreed. With the move came new sets and new exterior shots, the latter of which seemed to place the home in an unnamed suburban neighborhood instead of Brooklyn Heights.

During the second season, Duke had become romantically involved with assistant director Harry Falk, and married him during the third season. He was able to direct one of the final season three episodes – in which Patty and Richard contemplate getting married – which Duke said in hindsight "was not a good idea."

The series was cancelled due to disagreements between ABC and United Artists Television (UATV) over filming the series in color. ABC wanted all of its shows for the upcoming 1966–67 season to be in color, while UATV claimed filming The Patty Duke Show in color would be too expensive. The series continued airing reruns on ABC in primetime until August 31.

Music
The show's theme song, "Cousins," which has since been parodied many times over in pop culture (including Rocko's Modern Life where it was parodied as the theme song to "The Bloaty and Squirmy Show"), illustrates the two girls' differences: "...where Cathy adores the minuet, the Ballet Russe and crêpes Suzette, our Patty loves her rock 'n' roll, a hot dog makes her lose control..." The song was performed by a five-voice vocal ensemble called "The Skip-Jacks," which featured actress and Playboy model Stella Stevens.

Reception
Already a budding star in her own right, Duke was further thrust into the public consciousness through the show. As the series went on, her star power from the series allowed her to enter popular music, appearing on two episodes of Shindig! in 1965 to release a Top Ten single, "Don't Just Stand There," in one of her two appearances on the series.

PopMatters wrote that although the show's episodes are occasionally very predictable, "it's all in good fun".

Ratings
William Schallert later stated that, in the third season, the series ratings plummeted after being pitted against Lost in Space.

Syndication and home video
Repeats of The Patty Duke Show entered local markets as early as September 1966, days after exiting ABC prime time. It remained a mainstay of daytime independent station programming well into the 1970s. A new generation of viewers was introduced to the series by Nick at Nite cable, broadcasting a lengthy five-year prime time run from September 19, 1988, to August 30, 1993. On June 30, 1995, Nick at Nite showed one episode of the series during their 10th anniversary celebration. In 2005, both Nick at Nite and TV Land aired another episode of the series in honor of Nick at Nite's 20th anniversary.

In 2008, This TV began airing The Patty Duke Show as part of an early morning classic TV block. Prior to this, the show had not appeared in national syndication since Nick at Nite dropped it from its lineup in 1993. As of 2019, episodes aired on Saturday and Sunday.

Reruns of The Patty Duke Show were seen on Antenna TV from 2013 until 2015 as part of that channel's regular programming schedule. From November 4, 2013, to April 6, 2014, The Patty Duke Show aired back-to-back episodes every day from 1:00–2:00pm ET; from April 7, 2014, to August 29, 2014, The Patty Duke Show aired back-to-back episodes weekday afternoons from 2:00–3:00pm ET; from September 1, 2014, to April 3, 2015, the show aired back-to-back episodes weekday mornings from 6:00–7:00am ET; from April 6, 2015, to September 11, 2015, it aired back-to-back episodes Monday-Friday from 9:00–10:00am ET. From January 4, 2016, to September 2, 2016, the series aired weekday mornings at 6:00am–6:30am on MeTV.

The show can currently be seen on Circle.

The Patty Duke Show: Still Rockin' In Brooklyn Heights
On April 27, 1999, the thirty-third anniversary of the ABC cancellation of The Patty Duke Show, rival network CBS aired the television film The Patty Duke Show: Still Rockin' In Brooklyn Heights, which reunited Duke, Schallert, Byron (in her final on-screen role before her death in February 2006), O'Keefe and Applegate. The film was meant to be a backdoor pilot to a revival of the series, though these plans never came to fruition.

In the film, Patty and Richard married after graduating high school, and had a son Michael (Alain Goulem) before an amicable divorce after nearly 27 years of marriage. Michael is married with a teenage daughter Molly (Jane McGregor). Patty works as the drama teacher at Brooklyn Heights High School. Cathy is widowed and living in Scotland with her teenage son Liam McAllister (Kent Riley). Martin and Natalie moved to Florida after Martin retired from The New York Daily Chronicle.

The film revolves around a Lane family reunion, where the family bands together against the plans of Sue Ellen Caldwell (portrayed present-day by Cindy Williams, since original portrayer Kitty Sullivan was unavailable) to tear down the high school for a shopping center. Patty and Richard also confront their continued feelings post-divorce, reconciling by the end of the film.

Several clips of the original series were shown as flashbacks. Kitty Sullivan is shown in one of these flashbacks.

Social Security campaigns
In 2009, Duke reprised her dual roles from the show in a public service announcement (PSA) for the Social Security Administration, in which Patty asked Cathy about where she got her information about how to get Social Security benefits and other questions, such as how to apply online. The PSA was targeted toward baby boomers who were born or who grew up in the 1960s. In 2010, the surviving cast reprised their respective roles in a series of PSAs, again for the Social Security Administration.

DVD releases
Shout! Factory has released all three seasons of The Patty Duke Show on DVD in Region 1.

title: The Patty Duke Show


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Al-Jazeerah Information Center

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS; thus the article is kept. —Korath (Talk) 18:27, Mar 5, 2005 (UTC)

Al-Jazeerah Information Center
No evidence of notability. Gets about 200 Google hits, related website has an Alexa rating of 59,115. JoaoRicardo 12:27, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep That Wikipedia ranking sounds like an argument for doing so to me. If you hadn't mentioned it, I probably wouldn't have looked or voted. Wincoote 14:29, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, not notable, reads like an advertisement. Megan1967 22:52, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I wrote it, and I'll go for weak keep. This site is particularly notable for being frequently confused with Al Jazeera, and its articles are quoted in at least one other Wikipedia article. - Mustafaa 23:08, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. If that is the only reason, I believe a brief mention in Al Jazeera should be enough. JoaoRicardo 01:06, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur with Joao, Merge. Radiant! 10:02, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or Merge, even Google News had them confused for awhile so complete clarification is needed somewhere, and all in one place probably makes the most sense. 3 Mar 2005
 * Unsigned by 12.73.224.69; it was his third edit. —Korath (Talk) 18:27, Mar 5, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory

Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory, or AST/RO, was a 1.7 meter diameter off-axis telescope for research in astronomy and aeronomy at wavelengths between 0.2 and 2 mm. The instrument operated between 1994 and 2005 at the South Pole with four heterodyne receivers and three acousto-optical spectrometers. It was replaced by the 10-m South Pole Telescope.

AST/RO operated as part of the Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica (CARA), an NSF Science and Technology Center. It was funded in 1989 by the NSF Office of Polar Programs after a successful proposal by A. A. Stark, J. Bally, and R. W. Wilson of AT&T Bell Laboratories, T. M. Bania and A. P. Lane of Boston University, and K.-Y. Lo of the University of Illinois.

AST/RO was the first radio telescope on the Antarctica plateau to operate throughout the year. As such, it has played a pioneering role in testing instrumentation, characterizing the site, and developing protocols that have paved the way for newer telescopes to exploit the South Pole: the best location on Earth for observations in the submillimeter band.

Telescope and instruments
The AST/RO telescope was located on the roof of a single story support building 20m long and 4m wide. To reduce the buildup of snow drifts, the building was mounted on steel columns raising it to an elevation of 3m above the icecap. The AST/RO building was located in the so called Dark Sector of the Amundsen Scott South Pole Station. This is an area located about 1km from the living facilities to ensure it has low light and radio noise pollution, even by South Pole standards. The AST/RO building was divided into six rooms. All receivers the participated in AST/RO observations, were mounted on an optical table suspended from the telescope in a Coudé room. In general, virtually all equipment was located inside the support building and thus was protected from the harsh climate. The AST/RO building consumed an average of 24kW of power that was supplied by the powerplant at the station.

The telescope had an alt-azimuth mounting and a 1.7m primary reflector. It had an offset optical design providing a clean radio beam and allowing the mounting of large receivers in a warm Coudé room protected from the harsh external environment. At 492 GHz, it had a beamsize of 96 arc seconds, big enough for large-scale mapping programs but still able to observe nearby galaxies. The beam reflected off a Gregorian secondary to a flat tertiary mirror with a fourth flat mirror directing it to a Coudé focus below the telescope (in the AST/RO building) along the azimuth axis. AST/RO also had a Nasymth focus accessed by the removal of the fourth mirror.

Over its lifetime, AST/RO observed with five heterodyne receivers. These receivers operated at 230 GHz, 450-495 GHz (two), 800-820 GHz, and an array of four 800-820 GHz. AST/RO was able to process seven intermediate-frequency bandpasses using acousto-optical spectrometers. These included two low resolution spectrometers with a 1 GHz bandwidth, an array of four low-resolution spectrometer channels with a 1 GHz bandwidth, and a high-resolution spectrometer with a 60 MHz bandwidth.

Science
AST/RO was designed to carry out the first survey of the southern Galactic Plane, high-latitude clouds, and the Magellanic Clouds in the emission lines of neutral atomic carbon (CI) at 492 and 809 GHz. In its early years, observations focused on site characterization at 492 and 230 GHz. Regular sky dips at 492 GHz demonstrated that the South Pole is the best submillimeter-wave observatory site on Earth.

Notable scientific achievements of AST/RO include:

 * Mapping dense molecular gas in star-forming regions of the Magellanic clouds.
 * Multifrequency study of the properties of interstellar star-forming clouds and their interactions with HII regions and supernovae.
 * Determination of the thermodynamic state of dense gas within the central few kiloparsecs of the Milky Way.
 * Physical state of high-latitude (out of the plane of the Milky Way) translucent molecular clouds.
 * Terahertz detection of N II and its mapping in the Eta Carina region.

authors: Я сошла с ума


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User:NCdave

I am a stickler for truth and accuracy.

My email address and phone number are here: http://www.burtonsys.com/email/

If you wish to contact me, please email me in addition to leaving a Wikipedia comment on my Talk page. Because of my frustrations with Wikipedia's structural biases, I'm not very active here, so a comment on my Talk page might go unnoticed for weeks or months unless you also contact me directly.

title: User:NCdave


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Aristarchos 2.3 m Telescope

The New Greek Telescope project of the National Observatory of Athens (NOA) was funded by the European Commission and the General Secretariat for Research and Technology of the Hellenic Ministry of Development. The telescope had its first light test in 2005, and became the largest telescope in Greece when it became fully operational at the Chelmos Observatory site in 2007. The telescope is operated by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing (IAASARS) of the NOA. It is part of the OPTICON consortium of medium size telescopes.

The telescope, built by Carl Zeiss AG, has a Ritchey-Chrétien configuration with a primary mirror with a diameter of 2.3 m. At the main f/8 Cassegrain focus, the corrected field of view is approximately one degree, with a plate scale of 1.17 arcsec/mm. It has an Altazimuth mount. The telescope is housed in a tower 35 meters away from the control building, so that heat and vibrations from human activity, automobiles and computers will not affect the telescope's performance. The telescope was designed to support remote observing.

Observations with the Aristarchos telescope have provided a measurement of the distance to the planetary nebula KjPn 8.

title: Aristarchos 2.3 m Telescope


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Talk:Transoxiana

Bokhara
I notice the article uses Bokhara, while the entry is listed under Bukhara with a redirect from Bokhara. Should we alter the spelling? Kd5mdk 12:28, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

A more detailed article. Amir85 2:49, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

Turanians
Turanians were Iranic pple??? please dont make mad jokes in wiki --hakozen 09:43, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

The "other uses" section needs to be made into another page. It is not relevant here.

Al Farabi
The islamic philosopher al Farabi was from this region. Mallerd (talk) 19:57, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Anybody who knows the pronunciation of this word in English,would you please add some IPA or phonic tips for the headword of this entry? Should the 'x' be read as 'ks' or 'gz', should the 'i' be read as 'eye' or something ? Blankego (talk) 09:54, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

What is this??
" Zhang Qian clearly identifies Parthia as an advanced urban civilization that farmed grain and grapes, made silver coins and leather goods. "  - Um, okay - what does this have to do with Transoxiana? Or is this a editorial mistake? I don't have the source to check. HammerFilmFan (talk) 11:25, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Transoxiana


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Frederic M. Hudson

Frederic M. Hudson (1934–2015) was an American philosopher, educator, writer, and thought leader in the area of adult development, adult learning and leadership coaching. He was the founding President of the Fielding Graduate University and the Hudson Institute of Coaching.

Hudson was both a Rockefeller and Danforth fellow, and received a doctorate from Columbia University, New York. His early academic career as a professor included stints at Colby College in Maine and Lone Mountain College in San Francisco. In 1973 he was founding president of the Fielding Institute. He left in 1986 to found The Hudson Institute of Coaching, which trains professionals in leadership and executive coaching.

Hudson authored many books on the subjects of transition and change as well as adult development including: The Adult Years, The Handbook of Coaching, and LifeLaunch: A Passionate Guide to the Rest of Your Life.

title: Frederic M. Hudson


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Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors

The Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors (ALEXIS, also known as P89-1B, COSPAR 1993-026A, SATCAT 22638) X-ray telescope featured curved mirrors whose multilayer coatings reflected and focused low-energy X-rays or extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light the way optical telescopes focus visible light. The satellite and payloads were funded by the United States Department of Energy and built by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in collaboration with Sandia National Laboratories and the University of California-Space Sciences Lab. The satellite bus was built by AeroAstro, Inc. of Herndon, VA. The Launch was provided by the United States Air Force Space Test Program on a Pegasus Booster on April 25, 1993. The mission was entirely controlled from a small groundstation at LANL.

Features
ALEXIS scanned half the sky with its three paired sets of EUV telescopes, although it could not locate any events with high resolution. Ground-based optical astronomers could look for visual counterparts to the EUV transients seen by ALEXIS by comparing observations made at two different times. Large telescopes, with their small fields of view, cannot quickly scan a large enough piece of the sky to effectively observe transients seen by ALEXIS, but amateur equipment is well suited to the task. Participants in the ALEXIS project combed the ALEXIS data for the coordinates of a likely current transient, then trained their telescopes and observe the area.

There were six EUV telescopes which were arranged in three co-aligned pairs which cover three overlapping 33° fields-of-view. At each rotation of the satellite, ALEXIS monitored the entire anti-solar hemisphere. Each telescope consisted of a spherical mirror with a Mo-Si layered synthetic microstructure (LSM) or Multilayer coating, a curved profile microchannel plate detector located at the telescope's prime focus, a UV background-rejecting filter, electron rejecting magnets at the telescope aperture, and image processing readout electronics. The geometric collecting area of each telescope was about 25 cm2, with spherical aberration limiting resolution to about 0.25°s. Analysis of the pre-flight x-ray throughput calibration data indicated that the peak on-axis effective collecting area for each telescope's response function ranges from 0.25 to 0.05 cm2. The peak area-solid angle product response function of each telescope ranged from 0.04 to 0.015 cm2-sr.

The spacing of the molybdenum and silicon layers on each telescope's mirror was the primary determinant of the telescope's photon energy response function. The ALEXIS multilayer mirrors also employed a "wavetrap" feature to significantly reduce the mirror's reflectance for He II 304 Angstrom geocoronal radiation which can be a significant background source for space borne EUV telescopes. These mirrors, produced by Ovonyx, Inc., were highly curved yet have been shown to have very uniform multilayer coatings and hence have very uniform EUV reflecting properties over their entire surfaces. The efforts in designing, producing and calibrating the ALEXIS telescope mirrors have been previously described in Smith et al., 1990.

ALEXIS weighed 100 pounds, used 45 watts, and produced 10 kilobits/second of data. Position and time of arrival were recorded for each detected photon. ALEXIS was always in a survey-monitor mode, with no individual source pointings. It was suited for simultaneous observations with ground-based observers who prefer to observe sources at opposition. Coordinated observations needed not be arranged before the fact, because most sources in the anti-Sun hemisphere were observed and archived. ALEXIS was tracked from a single ground station in Los Alamos. Between ground station passes, data was stored in an on-board solid state memory of 78 Megabytes. ALEXIS, with its wide fields-of-view and well-defined wavelength bands, complemented the scanners on NASA's Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) and the ROSAT EUV Wide Field Camera (WFC), which were sensitive, narrow field-of-view, broad-band survey experiments. ALEXIS's results also highly complemented the data from EUVE's spectroscopy instrument.

ALEXIS's scientific goals were to:

 * Map the diffuse background in three emission line bands with the highest angular resolution to date,
 * Perform a narrow-band survey of point sources,
 * Search for transient phenomena in the ultrasoft X-ray band, and
 * Provide synoptic monitoring of variable ultrasoft X-ray sources such as cataclysmic variables and flare stars.

End of mission
On 29 April 2005, after 12 years in orbit, the ALEXIS satellite reached the end of its mission and was decommissioned. The satellite exceeded expectations by operating well past its one year design life.


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L64

L64 may refer to:
 * The tactical numbering of the Zeppelin LZ 109
 * The L64/65 British assault rifle
 * The FAA identifier for Desert Center Airport

title: L64


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324 Bamberga

Bamberga (minor planet designation: 324 Bamberga) is one of the largest asteroids in the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Johann Palisa on 25 February 1892 in Vienna. It is one of the top-20 largest asteroids in the asteroid belt. Apart from the near-Earth asteroid Eros, it was the last asteroid which is ever easily visible with binoculars to be discovered.

Overall Bamberga is the tenth-brightest main-belt asteroid after, in order, Vesta, Pallas, Ceres, Iris, Hebe, Juno, Melpomene, Eunomia and Flora. Its high eccentricity (for comparison 36% higher than that of Pluto), though, means that at most oppositions other asteroids reach higher magnitudes.

Observation

Although its very high orbital eccentricity means its opposition magnitude varies greatly, at a rare opposition near perihelion Bamberga can reach a magnitude of +8.0, which is as bright as Saturn's moon Titan. Such near-perihelion oppositions occur on a regular cycle every twenty-two years, with the last occurring in 2013 and the next in 2035, when attaining magnitude 8.1 on 13 September. Its brightness at these rare near-perihelion oppositions makes Bamberga the brightest C-type asteroid, roughly one magnitude brighter than 10 Hygiea's maximum brightness of around +9.1. At such an opposition Bamberga can in fact be closer to Earth than any main-belt asteroid with magnitude above +9.5, getting as close as 0.78 AU. For comparison, 7 Iris never comes closer than 0.85 AU and 4 Vesta never closer than 1.13 AU (when it becomes visible to the naked eye in a light pollution-free sky).

Characteristics
The 29-hour rotation period is unusually long for an asteroid more than 150 km in diameter. Its spectral class is intermediate between the C-type and P-type asteroids.

10μ radiometric data collected from Kitt Peak in 1975 gave a diameter estimate of 255 km. An occultation of Bamberga was observed on 8 December 1987, and gave a diameter of about 228 km, in agreement with IRAS results. In 1988 a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid was performed using the UH88 telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories, but the effort came up empty.

title: 324 Bamberga


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325 Heidelberga

Heidelberga (minor planet designation: 325 Heidelberga) is a large main belt asteroid that was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf on 4 March 1892 in Heidelberg. It is orbiting the Sun at a distance of $75.72 km$ with an eccentricity (oval shape) of 0.159. The orbital plane is inclined at an angle of 8.55° to the ecliptic.

Based upon its spectrum, 325 Heidelberga is classified as an M-type asteroid. No absorption features have been detected with certainty, indicating it most likely has a nickel-iron or enstatite chondrite composition. A weak feature in the near infrared spectrum indicates the presence of low-iron orthopyroxene on the asteroid surface.

title: 325 Heidelberga


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326 Tamara

Tamara (minor planet designation: 326 Tamara) is a large Main belt asteroid. It is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of carbonaceous material. It is the largest member and namesake of the Tamara Family, a 264 million year-old sub-family of the collisional Phocaea family.

It was discovered by Johann Palisa on 19 March 1892 in Vienna and is named after Tamar of Georgia. Name was given by Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia.

title: 326 Tamara


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M16 (disambiguation)

M16 is a family of military rifles.

M16 or M-16 may also refer to:

Firearms and military

 * M16 mine, an American landmine
 * BOV M16 Miloš, a Serbian 4x4 multipurpose armoured vehicle
 * Flammenwerfer M.16., a German First World War flamethrower
 * Fokker M.16, a 1915 German biplane
 * HMS M16, a First World War Royal Navy M15-class monitor
 * Grigorovich M-16, a Russian World War I–era biplane flying boat
 * Stahlhelm, a German World War I helmet
 * M16 (rocket), an American artillery rocket of World War II and the Korean War
 * M16 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage, an American self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon

Aerospace

 * John Bell Williams Airport, in Raymond, Mississippi
 * Magni M-16 Tandem Trainer, an Italian autogyro introduced in 2000
 * Macchi M.16, an Italian biplane built in 1919
 * Miles M.16 Mentor, a 1930s British monoplane
 * Progress M-16, a Russian spacecraft

Surface Vehicles

 * M16 (New York City bus), a former New York City Bus route in Manhattan
 * M Scow (M-16), a 16-foot sailboat
 * McLaren M16, a IndyCar race car
 * Midland M16, a Formula One car run by Midland F1 in 2006

Roads

 * M16 (East London), a Metropolitan Route in East London, South Africa
 * M16 (Cape Town), a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa
 * M16 (Johannesburg), a Metropolitan Route in Johannesburg, South Africa
 * M16 (Pretoria), a Metropolitan Route in Pretoria, South Africa
 * M16 (Durban), a Metropolitan Route in Durban, South Africa
 * M16 (Bloemfontein), a Metropolitan Route in Bloemfontein, South Africa
 * M-16 (Michigan highway), now part of U.S. Route 16
 * M16 motorway, former designation for parts of the M25 in England
 * M-16 motorway (Pakistan), also known as the Swat Expressway
 * M16 Road (Zambia)
 * Highway M16 (Ukraine)

Other uses

 * M-16 (album), from German band Sodom
 * Messier 16, a nebula also called the Eagle Nebula and its associated star cluster
 * M16, a postcode in the M postcode area that covers part of Greater Manchester, England

title: M16 (disambiguation)


text:
User:Jobnikon

http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9:Jobnikon

title: User:Jobnikon


text:
Mauritius "Post Office" stamps

The Mauritius "Post Office" stamps were issued by the British Colony Mauritius in September 1847, in two denominations: an orange-red one penny (1d) and a deep blue two pence (2d). Their name comes from the wording on the stamps reading "Post Office", which was soon changed in the next issue to "Post Paid". They are among the rarest postage stamps in the world.

The stamps' history
They were engraved by Joseph Osmond Barnard, born in England in 1816, who stowed away on a ship to Mauritius in 1838. The designs were based on the then current issue of Great Britain stamps (first released in 1841), bearing the profile head of Queen Victoria and issued in two denominations in similar colours: one penny red brown and two pence blue. Although these locally produced stamps have a distinct primitive character, they made Barnard's "name immortal in the postal history of Mauritius".

Five hundred of each value were printed from a single plate bearing both values and issued on September 21, 1847, many of which were used on invitations sent out by the wife of the Governor of Mauritius for a ball she was holding that weekend. The stamps were printed using the intaglio method (recessed printing), and bear the engraver's initials "JB" at the lower right margin of the bust.

The words "Post Office" appear in the left panel, but on the following issue in 1848, these words were replaced by "Post Paid". A legend arose later that the words "Post Office" had been an error.

The stamps, as well as the subsequent issues, are highly prized by collectors because of their rarity, their early dates and their primitive character as local products. Surviving stamps are mainly in the hands of private collectors, but some are on public display in the British Library in London, including the envelope of an original invitation to the Governor's ball complete with stamp. Another example is included in the Royal Collection of Queen Elizabeth II, and a third in private hands. Two other places where they can be seen, in Mauritius, are at the Postal Museum and at the Blue Penny Museum, both in Port Louis, the capital city. The two stamps also can be seen at the Museum for Communication (Museum für Kommunikation) in Berlin and in the Postal Museum of Sweden in Stockholm. A two pence blue is also at display at the Museum for Communication (Museum voor Communicatie) in The Hague.

The "Post Office" versus "Post Paid" myth
In 1928, Georges Brunel published Les Timbres-Poste de l'Île Maurice in which he stated that the use of the words "Post Office" on the 1847 issue had been an error. Over the years, the story was embellished. One version was that the man who produced the stamps, Joseph Osmond Barnard, was a half-blind watchmaker and an old man who absent-mindedly forgot what he was supposed to print on the stamps. On his way from his shop to visit the postmaster, a Mr. Brownrigg, he passed a post office with a sign hanging above it. This provided the necessary jog to his memory and he returned to his work and finished engraving the plates for the stamps, substituting "Post Office" for "Post Paid". This story appears to have arisen from a book by Georges Brunel in 1928.

These stories are purely fictional; philatelic scholars have confirmed that the "Post Office" inscription was intentional. Adolphe and d'Unienville wrote that "It is much more likely that Barnard used 'Post Office' because this was, and still is, the legal denomination of the government department concerned". The plates were approved and the stamps issued without any fuss at the time. Joseph Barnard was an Englishman of Jewish descent from Portsmouth who had arrived in Mauritius in 1838 as a stowaway, thrown off a commercial vessel bound for Sydney. He was not a watch-maker, although he may have turned his hand to watch repairs; not half-blind; and certainly not old; he was born in 1816 and was therefore 31 years old when he engraved the stamps in 1847. In addition, several rubber stamps used in Mauritius on letters prior to these stamps also used the words "Post Office", as did the first two stamps issued by the United States in July 1847.

Philatelic discovery
The Mauritius "Post Office" stamps were unknown to the philatelic world until 1864 when Mme. Borchard, the wife of a Bordeaux merchant, found copies of the one penny and two pence stamps in her husband's correspondence. She traded them to another collector. Through a series of sales, the stamps ultimately were acquired by the famous collector Philipp von Ferrary, and were sold at auction in 1921.

Over the years, the stamps sold for increasing and ultimately astronomical prices. Mauritius "Post Office" stamps and covers have been prize items in collections of famous stamp collectors, including Sir Ernest de Silva, Henry J. Duveen, Arthur Hind, William Beilby Avery, Alfred F. Lichtenstein, and Alfred H. Caspary, among other philatelic luminaries. The future King George V paid £1,450 for an unused blue Two Pence "Post Office" at an auction in 1904, which was a world record price at the time. Adjusting by inflation rate it is about £ in.

The next day, one of his secretaries reportedly commented that "some damned fool" had paid a huge amount of money for one postage stamp, to which George replied, "I am that damned fool". By 2002, the "Mauritius blue" was estimated to be worth £2 million.

The greatest of all Mauritius collections, that of Hiroyuki Kanai, included unused copies of both the One Penny and Two Pence "Post Office" stamps, the unique "Bordeaux" cover with both the one penny and two pence stamps which has been called "la pièce de résistance de toute la philatélie" or "the greatest item in all philately", and numerous reconstructed sheets of the subsequent issues. Kanai’s collection was sold by the auctioneer David Feldman in 1993, the Bordeaux cover going for the equivalent of about $4 million. In July 2021 at Christoph Gartner's 50th auction sale, a 'Ball Invitation' sent by the Governor's wife, Lady Gomme, sold for over 11 million euros (including buyers commission) making it the most expensive philatelic item ever sold at auction.

Subsequent issues
The subsequent issues are discussed in Postage stamps and postal history of Mauritius.

Reprints and forgeries
The "Post Office" stamps have been reprinted from the original plates and, like many other rare postage stamps, have been forged many times.

In popular culture
One of the "Post Office" stamps is the MacGuffin in a 1962 episode of The Avengers titled "The Mauritius Penny". Theresa Rebeck's play Mauritius is about two sisters who inherit a stamp collection perhaps worth a fortune, which includes both the deep blue two penny and the orange one penny "Post Office" stamps (to which the title refers). One of the Billy Bunter novels is titled "Billy Bunter and the Blue Mauritius", where the blue two pence stamp is stolen and recovered.

The Case of the One-Penny Orange (1977) by E. V. Cunningham, the pen name of Howard Fast was the first of a series of novels in which Beverly Hills detective Masao Masuto is assigned to solve the murder of a well-known stamp dealer. Masuto quickly realizes that the incredible passion felt by stamp collectors for rare stamps, especially the 1847 One-Penny Orange, can lead to almost anything, even murder.

The radio serial Harry Nile had an episode titled "The Mauritius Orange" about the one penny stamp.

title: Mauritius "Post Office" stamps


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327 Columbia

Columbia (minor planet designation: 327 Columbia) is a stony asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 26 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 March 1892, by French astronomer Auguste Charlois at Nice Observatory in southeast France. It is named after Christopher Columbus (1451–1506).

Description
Columbia orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.6–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,691 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins the night after its official discovery at Nice.

Physical characteristics
In the SMASS taxonomy, Columbia has been characterized as a Sl-type, an intermediary between the common S-type and rather rare L-type asteroids.

Rotation period and spin axis
In May 2003, a rotational lightcurve of Columbia was obtained by French amateur astronomer René Roy. It gave a rotation period of 5.93 hours with a brightness variation of 0.16 magnitude (U=2). In February 2007, photometric observations by his college Pierre Antonini gave a well defined period of 5.9320 hours and an amplitude of 0.42 (U=3).

In 2016, a modeled lightcurve was derived from various photometric database sources, giving a concurring period of 5.93183 hours and a spin axis of (52.0°, 43.0°) in ecliptic coordinates.

Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Columbia measures between 26.13 and 30.29 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.214 and 0.250. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2565 and a diameter of 26.24 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 10.0.

Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of Italian explorer Christopher Columbus (1451–1506), who reached the New World during his first voyage in 1492, instead of arriving at Japan as he had intended. The asteroid was named in 1892, on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of this historic discovery. Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 37).

title: 327 Columbia


text:
328 Gudrun

Gudrun (minor planet designation: 328 Gudrun) is a main-belt asteroid.

It was discovered by Max Wolf on March 18, 1892, in Heidelberg.

Analysis of the light curve generated from photometric data collected in March 2012 provide a rotation period estimate of $122.92 km$ with a brightness variation of $0.043$ in B magnitude.

title: 328 Gudrun


text:
329 Svea

Svea (minor planet designation: 329 Svea) is an asteroid from the asteroid belt and the namesake of the small Svea family, approximately 81 km in diameter. The C-type asteroid and is probably composed of carbonaceous material.

It was discovered by Max Wolf on 21 March 1892 in Heidelberg.

The light curve of 329 Svea shows a periodicity of 22.6 ± 0.01 hours, during which time the brightness of the object varies by 0.10 ± 0.03 in magnitude.

title: 329 Svea


text:
Rudina, Croatia

Rudina is a small village on the island of Hvar, in the Adriatic Sea in Croatia. It is located near Stari Grad. The village has a population of 70 people. Most of the population are fishermen. There is a lagoon, Žukova, located there. Rudina has become an escape for the art community during the summer months.

Rudina is a village on the island of Hvar, located 2 km north from Stari Grad. The village is divided into Vela Rudina (Big Rudina) and Mala Rudina (Small Rudina). During the winter only a small number of people live in the village. Part of the population are indigenous people of Hvar, and in recent years the number of immigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina is increasing. The most common surnames in the village are Dulčić and Šoljan. From Rudina, there is a 10-minute walk through the woods to beautiful bays (Žukova, Lisna, Duboka ...) on the northern shores of the island. There is a fish processing plant close to the village.

title: Rudina, Croatia


text:
User:Kd5mdk

Andrew Lambdin-Abraham

Contact: email: a.abraham@gmail.com aim: kd5mdk

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 * style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;color:#ffffff" | This user  is an  Eagle Scout .

title: User:Kd5mdk


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330 Adalberta

330 Adalberta (prov. designation: ) is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9.5 kilometers in diameter. It is likely named for either Adalbert Merx or Adalbert Krüger. It was discovered by Max Wolf in 1910. In the 1980s, the asteroid's permanent designation was reassigned from the non-existent object .

Discovery
Adalberta was discovered on 2 February 1910, by German astronomer Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany.

Previously, on 18 March 1892, another body discovered by Max Wolf with the provisional designation was originally designated, but was subsequently lost and never recovered (also see Lost minor planet). In 1982, it was determined that Wolf erroneously measured two images of stars, not asteroids. As it was a false positive and the body never existed, the name Adalberta and number "330" was then reused for this asteroid,. MPC citation was published on 6 June 1982 (M.P.C. 6939).

Orbit and classification
The S-type asteroid orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–3.1 AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,416 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.25 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic. Adalberta's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in 1910.

Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of the discoverer's father-in-law, Adalbert Merx (after whom another minor planet 808 Merxia is also named). However it is also possible that it was named for Adalbert Krüger (1832–1896), a German astronomer and editor of the Astronomische Nachrichten, which was one of the first international journals in the field of astronomy. Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 37).

Rotation period
In 2013, a rotational lightcurve of Adalberta was obtained from photometric observations at Los Algarrobos Observatory in Uruguay. Light-curve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of $9.111 km$ hours with a brightness variation of 0.44 magnitude (U=3).

Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Adalberta measures 9.11 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.256, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 9.84 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 12.4.

title: 330 Adalberta


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Al-Hira

Al-Hira (الحيرة Middle Persian: Hērt ) was an ancient city in Mesopotamia located south of what is now Kufa in south-central Iraq.

Kingdom of the Lakhmids
Al-Hirah was a significant city in pre-Islamic Arab history. Al-Hirah (4th-7th centuries) served as the capital of the Lakhmids, an Arab vassal kingdom of the Sasanian Empire, whom it helped in containing the nomadic Arabs to the south. The Lakhmid rulers of al-Hirah were recognized by Shapur II (309-379), the tenth Sasanian emperor.

A particular Mār 'Abdīšo' was born in Maysan and moved to Ḥīrā after studying elsewhere under Mār 'Abdā. There he gained widespread respect as he built a monastery and lived a pious life. The Sasanian emperor Bahram V won the throne with support of al-Mundhir I ibn al-Nu'man, king of Ḥīrā, in 420. He was amazed and showed great respect as he encountered the saint near the village of Bēṯ 'Arbī on his way back from the imperial capital Seleucia-Ctesiphon.

From c. 527, al-Hirah was opposed by the Ghassanids, a Byzantine-sponsored Arab state in Syria and Palestine. The two powers engaged in a long conflict of their own that functioned as a proxy war for the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires.

In 531, the Sasanians defeated the Byzantine general Belisarius at the Battle of Callinicum south of Edessa (now Urfa, in southeastern Turkey), with the help of al-Hirah. In 602, Khosrow II deposed al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir and annexed al-Hirah.

Ecclesiastical history
Hirta was the seat of a bishopric of the Church of the East from the 4th century until the 11th century. It belonged to the Patriarchal Province of Seleucia-Ctesiphon.

Today, Hirta is a titular Catholic diocese in Iraq.

Conquered by the Arabs
Following the Battle of Hira, the city was recaptured by an army of the Hira Arab Bakr tribe under the command of Abu Bakr in May 633.

title: Al-Hira


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ashley Bloom/2005 Feb 26

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 14:49, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Ashley Bloom
Not notable. -- Curps 12:40, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Vanity. Delete. Mike H 13:05, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity -- Longhair 14:02, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Another non-notable, vanity article. Zzyzx11 19:44, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Australian variation on the standard high school student vanity article. -- Cyrius|✎ 19:46, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 22:53, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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Mayani Bird Sanctuary

Mayani Bird Conservation Reserve is located in Mayani, Vaduj Forest Range of Satara Forest Division of Satara district. It came into existence with the notification WLP1220/CR-246/F-1 dated 15 March 2021. It is about 71 km from Satara.

Area
Mayani Conservation Reserve is of 866.75 hectares (8.67 km2.) and it is spread over 6 villages of Vaduj taluka namely Mayani, Kankatre, Ambavade, Nadval, Yeralwadi, Banpuri.

Mayani Dam (Talav)
The Mayani bird sanctuary is established on an old dam.

Birds like the northern shoveller, stork and kingfisher can be found at the sanctuary. Other resident and migratory bird species in the winter season include: coot, brahminy duck, black ibis, painted stork, common spoonbill, etc.

Mayani Bird Sanctuary is studied as a typical wetland ecosystem which is rich in flora and fauna.

title: Mayani Bird Sanctuary


text:
Slievecallan

Slievecallan or Slieve Callan, also historically called 'Mount Callan', is a mountain with a height of 391 m in west County Clare, Ireland. It is the third highest mountain in the county. There is a small lake and two megalithic tombs on the south side, and traditionally the mountain was used for Lughnasa gatherings.

Archaeology
On the south side of the mountain, in the townland of Knockalassa, are the remains of two megalithic tombs; one on the mountainside and one further down by the Ennis Road. Irish folklore holds that it is bad luck to damage or disrespect such tombs and that deliberately doing so could bring a curse. An ogham stone was found in the late 18th century in the same area. It was the first ogham inscription to be translated and published. The inscription claims to mark the grave of Conán, one of the fianna of Irish mythology. Charles Vallancey and Theophilus O'Flanagan published what they claimed was a poem from the medieval tale Cath Gabhra, which says that Conán was slain at Slievecallan during a ceremony to worship the sun. Michael Comyn wrote that people would gather on the mountainside, at Buaile na Gréine ("summer pasture of the Sun"), where they would sacrifice livestock to the Sun at a stone altar. A small lake on the mountainside is called Lough Boolynagreana. However, it is now accepted that the ogham stone was carved shortly before its discovery, and the Cath Gabhra poem is not found in the original. Nevertheless, the stone fueled antiquarian fieldwork and the study of ogham.

Up until recent times, people would gather on Slievecallan each August to celebrate the festival of Lughnasa.

Geography
The mountain sits more or less in the centre of the triangle formed by the villages of Milltown Malbay, Inagh and Connolly, in the west of County Clare. The regional road R474 (Ennis - Connoly - Milltown Malbay), passes on the southernside of the mountain. The R460 (Gort - Inagh - Milltown Malbay) passes on the northern side.

Environment
Slievecallan has a wet oceanic climate with an average annual rainfall of 2,000 mm and high average wind speeds. This is due to the proximity of the ocean (just 8 kilometres away) and its prominence in the landscape. Geologically the soils are a mixture of peat, peaty gley and gley soils over horizontal layers of carboniferous shale, sandstone, and mudstone. The soil is relatively poor in nutrients.

Without human interference the natural vegetation of this area would consist of woodlands dominated by ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in alkaline areas. Hazel (Corylus avellana) and oak (Quercus petraea) woods would be prominent in the more acidic areas. Nowadays (2014) most of the land surrounding Slievecallan is heathland, pasture and non-native forestry. The forestry is mainly plantations of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)

Windfarm
A wind farm on Slievecallan, with accompanying roads and substations, was approved planning permission in 2017 – despite opposition from locals and An Taisce (The National Trust). As part of the planning application, developers reportedly committed to providing €1.5 million in community funding to the communities of Milltown Malbay, Quilty and Mullagh (both in Kilmurry Ibrickane), Kilmaley and Inagh.

The wind farm consists of 29 turbines, with 11 in the "Slievecallan East" and 18 in the "Slievecallan West" developments. Completed in 2018, the wind farm was sold in 2020 by the then owners (WCRE Windfarms Ltd and Brookfield Renewable Partners) to a joint venture comprising Japan's Mitsubishi UFJ Lease & Finance Co and Arjun Alliance UK 2 LP.

title: Slievecallan


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/138.130.194.229

behaviour
I do believe that pseudoscience it is worth mentioning; it is socially important. However, it should not obfuscate the main article and it should be balanced. My main gripe are the edit wars on the various articles that try to insert the pov. It's quite subtle, but it's there.

"Creationist says x, but scientists say that's nonsense" is a fairly good way of summarising. He is trying to say "Creationist says x, but scientists say that's nonsense, but creationists views are supported by scientists", when the third bit is false and then will act aggressively against any changes made.

Creationism largely consists of a diatribe against science, and so it is impossible for a creationist to accurately represent the scientific literature, and they will pick papers and misrepresent them. Putting this into the main body of the text and asserting ideas that are false obfuscates the main text. It is also out of proportion to the rest of the article.

Some of it is border vandalism, though the term pov-pushing would be better. Dunc|☺ 13:41, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * What you're talking about here happens, certainly (I note that you've just made exactly this comment on Talk:William A. Dembski. The fact is, though, that it's not what's been happening on Talk:RNA world hypothesis.  It seems clear there that some people, including you, are reacting to any mention of intelligent design, or even argument from people who accept intelligent design, as if it's ipso facto NPoV interference and vandalism — and you're then taking that as an excuse to behave badly.  I share your view of intelligent design and creationism (I've even lectured on the subject), but that isn't the issue here.  The problem is that what's happened in this case hands ammunition to the creationists who claim that their opponents are equally driven by religious-style faith and intolerance, as well as weakening your case in other areas where you have a genuine point. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 14:09, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The RfC page seems to be a bit mixed up. The "outside view" section had a "users who endorse this summary" header, and then underneath people who hold opposing views have all signed with "endorse," when it's not clear what they're endorsing. I've removed the misleading sentence. Should there be for, against, and neutral sections?  SlimVirgin 02:16, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * I thought that it was clear. The "endorses" are within the section Outside view, which has a summary of the argument in support of the user.  The "endorses" are all endorsing that summary, as per the instruction in the line you deleted.  Philip J. Rayment 01:47, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

What now?
This page was created twelve days ago. So far we have one person endorsing the complaint by the original two complainants, and four people endorsing the argument supporting the subject of the RfC. Counting the editor being complained about and the person who wrote the argument in his support (me), that's six to three in favour of the anon editor. What is supposed to happen next? How long is this allowed to wait before it is concluded?Philip J. Rayment 01:47, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bishop's College

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Joyous 18:30, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

Bishop's College
A college in Sri Lanka. No evidence of notability. JoaoRicardo 12:46, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. A 2,000 student private school founded in the 19th century. One of the first English language schools in the country. Nomination phrasing is a disguise for "I disapprove of school articles." Unresearched nomination made essentially on the illegitimate grounds that it is a stub. I have categorised to Sri Lanka and added a link to official site. Wincoote 14:40, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe a decent criterium would be that high schools are not notable, but colleges are. Keep. Radiant! 15:43, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, what Wincoote said. - SimonP 15:29, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. James F. (talk) 16:57, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. College are notable in themselves is an established precedent. HyperZonktalk 02:52, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)

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text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/TarProxy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 06:52, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

TarProxy
Non-notable anti-spam idea that hasn't been implemented and hasn't gone anywhere. Doesn't merit an independent article. --BM 12:46, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge and redirect with Tarpit (computing) and Teergrube. Contrary to the above paragraph, the technique is established and used in the field.  I believe that teergrube is the most common term, even in the English language. Pilatus 12:53, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - this is a brand name for a non-existent tarpit. -- Cyrius|✎ 19:43, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur with Cyrius, Delete (although a redirect is appropriate, there is nothing interesting in this article to merge) Radiant! 15:01, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Concur with Radiant! --Neigel von Teighen 15:09, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge Might be useful in the future, if the tecnology is readily available to the public. Bratsche 16:41, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advertisement for vaporware. Do not merge. —Korath (Talk) 17:54, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Suprabhatam

Suprabhatam (सुप्रभातम्) is a Sanskrit prayer of the Suprabhātakāvya genre. It is a collection of hymns or verses recited early morning to awaken the deity in Hinduism. The metre chosen for a Suprabhātam poem is usually Vasantatilaka.

The most well-known Suprabhātam work is the Veṅkaṭeśasuprabhātam recited to awaken the deity Venkateswara. A rendition of the poem by renowned Carnatic vocalist M. S. Subbulakshmi is extremely popular which is played daily in many homes and temples (especially Tirumala Tirupati) in the wee hours of morning.

History
The genre of Suprabhātakāvya traces its origin to a single verse (1.23.2) in the Bālakāṇḍa of Vālmīki's Rāmāyaṇa, where Viśvāmitra calls out to Rāma to wake up. O Rāma, the noble son of Kausalyā! The Sandhyā of the East commences. O! best of men (Purushottama)! Wake up, the daily duties have to be performed.

The Veṅkaṭeśasuprabhātam begins with this very verse.

Venkatesha Suprabhatam
The Veṅkaṭeśasuprabhātam was composed sometime between 1420 and 1432 C.E. by Prativādibhayaṅkaram Śrī Annan (also known as Hastigirinathar Anna, and P B Annan). The poet was a disciple of Swami Manavala Mamuni, who was himself a disciple of Ramanuja.

The Venkatesha Suprabhatam consists of four sections: Suprabhatam, Sri Venkatesa Stotram, Prapatti, and Mangalasasanam.

Other Suprabhatam Works
There are many other lesser-known Suprabhātam works apart from the Veṅkaṭeśasuprabhātam. Some of these are -

 * Śrīvighneśvarasuprabhātam. A Suprabhāta poem eulogizing Gaṇeśa.
 * Śrīsiddhivināyakasuprabhātam. A Suprabhāta poem eulogizing Siddhivināyaka. Composed by M. Ramakrishna Bhat, retired professor of Benares Hindu University.
 * Śrīkāśīviśvanāthasuprabhātam. A Suprabhāta poem eulogizing Kashi Vishwanath.
 * Śrīsītārāmasuprabhātam. A Suprabhāta poem eulogizing Sītā and Rāma. Composed by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya.
 * Vedavyasa Suprabhata written by Sudhindra Thirtha (Kashi Math) of Kashi Math samsthan.
 * Suprabhatham in Malayalam by S Balakrishnan Karippara Dharmooth

title: Suprabhatam


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Quote... Unquote

Quote ... Unquote is a panel game, based on quotations, which was broadcast on BBC Radio 4. It was chaired by its deviser, Nigel Rees, and ran from 4 January 1976 to December 2021. The programme is available online via the BBC Sounds application.

Format
The main part of the programme consisted of a non-competitive quiz where the chairman asked each of three panellists (originally four) in turn to identify where a certain quotation, phrase or saying comes from. In between these rounds, the panellists were asked to share some of their favourite quotations on a specified theme. Other parts of the programme were devoted to answering queries from listeners about the sources of quotations and the origins of everyday phrases and idioms.

Panellists
There have been over 500 guests on the programme, many appearing several times. They include Tom Stoppard, Peter Cook, Peter Ustinov, Ned Sherrin, Judi Dench, Alan Bennett, Denis Healey, David Attenborough, Kingsley Amis, Kenneth Williams, Douglas Adams, John Mortimer, Neil Kinnock, Celia Haddon, Katharine Whitehorn, Julian Mitchell, Malcolm Muggeridge and Lord George-Brown.

Production
Actors or former BBC staff announcers were engaged to read the quotations on the programme. Ronald Fletcher was the original reader. In later years the main male reader was Peter Jefferson, formerly of BBC Radio 4, who took over from William Franklyn when that actor died in 2006. Another former Radio 4 announcer, Charlotte Green, assumed the role from the beginning of Series 50 in August 2014. Patricia Hughes, formerly in the same role on BBC Radio 3, was another regular from 1994.

Several significant comedy producers supervised the programme early in their careers, including John Lloyd (deviser of QI), TV executive Geoffrey Perkins, Have I Got News for You producer Harry Thompson, and Armando Iannucci.

The programme's theme tune, between which snatches of quotations were inserted at the beginning of each show, was "Duddly Dell", written and performed by Dudley Moore; it had been the B-side of the single "Strictly for the Birds" (1961).

Following the 500th edition, broadcast in December 2021, Nigel Rees announced that he was ending the programme after 46 years, partly because the COVID pandemic had made it impossible to record in the traditional way with a studio audience, and also because of what he described as "cultural issues at the BBC", saying "I can no longer do the programme [in the way that] I have enjoyed doing it". He implied that the BBC's enthusiasm for "woke" attitudes had caused difficulty. Rees has said the associated newsletter would continue.

title: Quote... Unquote


text:
List of hospitals in Tennessee

List of hospitals in Tennessee (U.S. state), sorted alphabetically.

Operating
Haywood County Community Hospital (Brownsville)
 * Ashland City Medical Center
 * Baptist Heart Institute (Memphis)
 * Baptist Memorial Hospital for Women
 * Baptist Memorial Hospital (Chattanooga)
 * Baptist Memorial Hospital (Collierville)
 * Baptist Memorial Hospital (Covington)
 * Baptist Memorial Hospital (Huntingdon)
 * Baptist Memorial Hospital (Ripley)
 * Baptist Memorial Hospital (Union City)
 * Baptist Memorial Hospital for Women (Memphis)
 * Baptist Rehabilitation (Germantown)
 * Baptist Restorative Care Hospital (Memphis)
 * Baptist Skilled Nursing Facility (Memphis)
 * Big South Fork Medical Center (Oneida)
 * Blount Memorial Hospital (Maryville)
 * Bristol Regional Medical Center (Bristol)
 * Camden General Hospital (Camden)
 * Centennial Medical Center (Nashville)
 * Centennial Medical Center at Ashland City
 * Chi Memorial Cleveland (Cleveland)
 * Children's Hospital at Erlanger (Chattanooga)
 * Claiborne County Hospital (Tazewell)
 * Cookeville Regional Medical Center (Cookeville)
 * Crockett Hospital (Lawrenceburg)
 * Cumberland Medical Center (Crossville)
 * Delta Medical Center (Memphis)
 * East Tennessee Children's Hospital, Knoxville
 * Emerald-Hodgson Hospital (Sewanee)
 * Erlanger Health System (Chattanooga)
 * Erlanger Bledsoe Hospital
 * Erlanger East Hospital
 * Erlanger North Hospital
 * Fort Loudoun Medical Center, Lenoir City, operated by Covenant Health
 * Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center, Knoxville, operated by Covenant Health
 * Franklin Woods Community Hospital (Johnson City)
 * Gateway Medical Center (Clarksville)
 * Gibson General Hospital (Trenton)
 * Hancock County Hospital (Sneedville)
 * Hardin County Medical Center (Savannah)
 * Hawkins County Memorial Hospital (Rogersville)
 * Henderson County Community Hospital (Lexington)
 * Hendersonville Medical Center (Hendersonville)
 * Henry County Medical Center (Paris)
 * Hillside Hospital (Pulaski)
 * Holston Valley Medical Center (Kingsport)
 * Horizon Medical Center (Dickson)
 * Houston County Community Hospital (Erie)
 * Humboldt General Hospital (Humboldt)
 * Indian Path Medical Center (Kingsport)
 * Jackson-Madison County General Hospital (Jackson)
 * Jamestown Regional Medical Center (Jamestown)
 * Jefferson Memorial Hospital (Jefferson City)
 * Johnson City Medical Center (Johnson City)
 * Johnson County Community Hospital (Mountain City, Tennessee)
 * LaFollette Medical Center (LaFollette)
 * Laughlin Memorial Hospital (Greeneville, Tennessee)
 * Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center, Memphis
 * LeConte Medical Center (Sevierville, Tennessee)
 * Lincoln County Health System (Fayetteville)
 * Livingston Regional Hospital (Livingston)
 * Macon General Hospital (Lafayette)
 * Maury Regional Medical Center, Columbia
 * Maury Regional Medical Center (Spring Hill)
 * McNairy Regional Hospital (Selmer)
 * Memphis Mental Health Institute
 * Memphis VA Medical Center (Tennessee)
 * Methodist Medical Center of Oak Ridge, operated by Covenant Health
 * Methodist North Hospital (Memphis)
 * Methodist South Hospital (Memphis)
 * Methodist University Hospital (Memphis)
 * Milan General Hospital (Milan)
 * Moccasin Bend Mental Health Institute (Chattanooga)
 * Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt
 * Morristown-Hamblen Hospital, Morristown, operated by Covenant Health
 * Nashville General Hospital at Meharry (Nashville)
 * Newport Medical Center (Newport)
 * North Knoxville Medical Center (Powell)
 * Northcrest Medical Center (Springfield)
 * Parkridge Medical Center (Chattanooga)
 * Parkridge East (East Ridge)
 * Parkridge North ER (Chattanooga)
 * Parkridge Valley (Chattanooga)
 * Parkridge West (Jasper)
 * Parkwest Medical Center (Knoxville), operated by Covenant Health
 * Peninsula Hospital, Louisville, operated by Covenant Health
 * Physicians Regional Medical Center (Knoxville)
 * Pioneer Community Hospital of Scott (Oneida)
 * Psychiatric Hospital at Vanderbilt (Nashville)
 * Regional Hospital of Jackson (Jackson)
 * RegionalOne Health Center (Memphis)
 * Riverview Regional Medical Center (Carthage)
 * Roane Medical Center, Harriman, operated by Covenant Health
 * St. Francis Hospital (Bartlett)
 * St. Francis Hospital (Memphis)
 * St. Johns & Mary Specialist Children Hospital
 * St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (Memphis)
 * Saint Thomas Dekalb (Smithville)
 * Saint Thomas Hickman Hospital (Centerville)
 * Saint Thomas Highlands (Sparta)
 * Saint Thomas - Midtown Hospital (Nashville)
 * Saint Thomas River Park Hospital (McMinnville)
 * Saint Thomas Rutherford Hospital (Murfreesboro)
 * Saint Thomas Stones River (Woodbury)
 * Saint Thomas West Hospital (Nashville)
 * Skyline Medical Center (Nashville)
 * Skyline Medical Center-Madison Campus (Madison)
 * Southern Hills Medical Center (Nashville)
 * Southern Tennessee Regional Medical Center (Winchester)
 * Starr Regional Medical Center (Athens)
 * StoneCrest Medical Center (Smyrna)
 * Summit Medical Center (Hermitage)
 * Sumner Regional Medical Center (Gallatin)
 * Sweetwater Hospital Association (Sweetwater)
 * Sycamore Shoals Hospital, Elizabethton
 * Takoma Regional Hospital (Greeneville)
 * Tennova Healthcare - Clarksville
 * Tennova Healthcare Cleveland (Cleveland)
 * Tennova Healthcare (Cleveland)
 * Tennova Harton (Tullahoma)
 * Tennova Healthcare (Lebanon)
 * Tennova Shelbyville (Shelbyville)
 * Thompson Cancer Survival Center, Knoxville, operated by Covenant Health
 * Trousdale Medical Center (Hartsville)
 * Turkey Creek Medical Center (Knoxville)
 * Unicoi County Memorial Hospital (Erwin)
 * Unity Medical Center (Manchester)
 * University of Tennessee Medical Center (Knoxville)
 * Vanderbilt Children's Hospital
 * The Vanderbilt Clinic
 * Vanderbilt Diabetes Center
 * Vanderbilt Orthopaedics Institute
 * Vanderbilt Page Campbell Heart Institute
 * Vanderbilt Rehabilitation Hospital
 * Vanderbilt Sports Medicine Center
 * Vanderbilt Stallworth Rehabilitation Hospital
 * Vanderbilt Transplant Center
 * Vanderbilt University Bill Wilkerson Center
 * Vanderbilt University Hospital
 * Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
 * Williamson Medical Center (Franklin)

Defunct

 * Baptist Hospital (Knoxville, Tennessee)
 * Baptist Memorial Hospital-Memphis (1912-2000)
 * Copper Basin Medical Center (Copperhill)
 * Decatur County General Hospital (Parsons)
 * Dr. Fred Stone, Sr. Hospital (Oliver Springs, Tennessee)
 * Gibson General Hospital (Trenton)
 * Humboldt General Hospital (Hulmboldt
 * Jellico Medical Center (Jellico)
 * Lakeway Hospital (Morristown, Tennessee)
 * McKenzie Regional Hospital (McKenzie)
 * Metropolitan Hospital (Chattanooga, Tennessee)
 * Millie E. Hale Hospital (Nashville, Tennessee)
 * St. Mary's Medical Center (Knoxville, Tennessee)
 * South Pittsburg Hospital (South Pittsburg)
 * Starr Regional Medical Center (Etowah)

title: List of hospitals in Tennessee


text:
Air Nippon Network

Air Nippon Network (エアーニッポンネットワーク), or A-net, was an airline based on the grounds of Tokyo International Airport in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan.

It operated feeder services for parent Air Nippon, itself a subsidiary of All Nippon Airways (ANA). Its main base was New Chitose Airport. On October 1, 2010, Air Nippon Network, Air Next and Air Central were merged and rebranded as ANA Wings.

History
The airline was established in May 2001 to operate Air Nippon's local feeder routes from Tokyo and Sapporo. It started operations on 1 July 2002 using three Bombardier Dash 8 aircraft. In December 2003 4 more Dash 8s joined to replace Boeing 737 aircraft operated from Osaka by Air Nippon.

In April 2004 Air Nippon Network was headquartered in Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido.

Air Nippon Network had 400 employees (at March 2007).

Destinations
Domestic destinations included:

Hokkaidō

 * Hakodate (Hakodate Airport)
 * Kushiro (Kushiro Airport)
 * Memanbetsu (Memanbetsu Airport)
 * Nakashibetsu (Nakashibetsu Airport)
 * Sapporo (New Chitose Airport)
 * Wakkanai (Wakkanai Airport)

Kantō

 * Tokyo (Haneda Airport)
 * Miyakejima (Miyakejima Airport)
 * Ōshima (Oshima Airport)

Kansai

 * Hyōgo Prefecture
 * Osaka International Airport is partly in Hyōgo Prefecture and partly in Osaka Prefecture
 * Osaka Prefecture
 * Osaka
 * Osaka International Airport (Itami) is partly in Hyōgo Prefecture and partly in Osaka Prefecture
 * Kansai International Airport

Tōhoku

 * Akita Prefecture
 * Ōdate-Noshiro (Odate-Noshiro Airport)

Chūbu

 * Niigata Prefecture
 * Niigata (Niigata Airport)

Chūgoku

 * Shimane Prefecture
 * Iwami/Hagi, Yamaguchi Prefecture (Iwami Airport)

Shikoku

 * Ehime Prefecture
 * Matsuyama (Matsuyama Airport)
 * Kōchi Prefecture
 * Kōchi (Kōchi Ryōma Airport)

Kyūshū

 * Fukuoka Prefecture
 * Fukuoka (Fukuoka Airport)
 * Saga Prefecture
 * Saga (Saga Airport)

Okinawa

 * Naha Airport

International destinations included

Fleet
The Air Nippon Network fleet consisted of the following aircraft (as of June 2008):
 * 5 Bombardier Dash 8 Q300
 * 14 Bombardier Dash 8 Q400

title: Air Nippon Network


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Talk:Ranger 8

Untitled
From the article:

The spacecraft encountered the lunar surface in a direct hyperbolic trajectory, with incoming asymptotic direction at an angle of -13.6 degrees from the lunar equator.

Isn't it a bit silly that terms like "direct hyperbolic trajectory" and "incoming asymptotic direction" don't require elaboration, but a term like "lunar equator" does? I actually know my way around orbital math, but I couldn't say with any certainty what was meant by either of the latter two phrases, and despair at most lay readers having any idea what was meant. Surely someone can do better. Jeff Medkeff | Talk 12:50, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added links to hyperbolic trajectory and asymptote. Anymore ? Please help get the article "wikified". Thanks. -- PFHLai 14:07, 2005 Feb 20 (UTC)

Copyvio?
I asked at the help desk regarding this and decided to just be bold by adding the > template. E_dog95'  Hi ' 08:40, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Note the NASA footer. Works of the federal government (including NASA) are in the public domain.  Not a copyvio.  Reverting. --ChrisRuvolo (t) 14:27, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

Time to parking orbit
The article says "...parking orbit at 185 km altitude 0 minutes after launch." I'm taking out "0 minutes". Bubba73 (talk), 15:06, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

Italicization
A discussion about whether to italicize the name of this vessel, per MOS:TEXT, has been opened at Village pump (miscellaneous)/Archive 48, though it really belongs on this talk page. — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  16:19, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ranger 8


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Automated Patrol Telescope

The Automated Patrol Telescope (APT) was a wide-field CCD imaging telescope, operated by the University of New South Wales at Siding Spring Observatory, Australia.

The telescope activated in June 1989.

This was one of four (4) ROTSE telescopes around the World to detect Gamma ray bursts, with telescopes positioned in Australia, Namibia, Turkey, and Texas. The telescope was designed for robotic use, with 45 cm aperture. The telescope was converted for computer controlled operation and CCD imaging from an older retired Baker-nunn camera. This is a type of modified Schmidt canera.

The telescope has a field of view of 5 degrees by 5 degrees.

title: Automated Patrol Telescope


text:
Richard Lounsbery

Richard Lounsbery (born in New York City in 1882, died 1967) was an American businessman. The Richard Lounsbery Foundation was set up with his family's wealth.

Early life
Lounsbery was born in New York City in 1882 into an affluent family. His father, Richard P. Lounsbery, hailed mostly from an English family that immigrated to America during colonial times. His mother, Edith Hunter Haggin, had Turkish ancestry through her great-grandfather, Ibrahim Ben Ali, a doctor who migrated from Turkey to the United States after the Russo-Turkish war. The Lounsbery family amassed their wealth from the extensive business ventures of Edith's father, James Ben Ali Haggin, who played a crucial role in strengthening the United States' position in the copper industry, developing farmland in California, and contributing to legislation governing the state's water rights.

Lounsbery attended St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, and graduated from Harvard College in 1906. He then joined the Haggin family business and extended activities into new areas such as importing silk from Japan. Upon his father's death in 1912, Lounsbery decided to change fields and joined the investment firm of J. B. Harris and Company.

After serving in France as an Army lieutenant during World War I, Lounsbery decided to stay there to study art.

Personal life
Lounsbery married Vera Victoroff, a Russian refugee in Paris, in 1928.

He was the cousin of the painter Ben Ali Haggin.

The Richard Lounsbery Foundation
The Richard Lounsbery Foundation originated in 1959 when it was created through a trust established by the Lounsbery family. Following Richard's passing in 1967, Vera Victoroff Lounsbery collaborated with attorney Alan F. McHenry to establish a well-defined set of objectives for the Foundation. Today, the Richard Lounsbery Foundation is a philanthropic organization which supports novel research projects, science education, and key scientific policy issues through seed money or partial support. It distributes a total of about $2.5 million each year, mostly in grants of $25,000–$100,000. The foundation takes a special interest in cooperative activities between French and American scholars.

title: Richard Lounsbery


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Richard Lounsbery Foundation

The Richard Lounsbery Foundation is a philanthropic organization located in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1959, to enhance national strengths in science and technology (in the United States) and to foster strong Franco-American cooperation. To this day, the foundation has stayed true to its roots while expanding to promote science among youth, and to support components of US policy issues about science. The foundation supports research projects, science education, key scientific policy issues, and others.

History
The foundation was set up from the Lounsbery family's wealth which derived from the extensive business activities of James Ben Ali Haggin, grandson of Ibrahim Ben Ali and the grandfather of Richard Lounsbery. It was founded in 1959 and has had charitable status since 1960. In 1967, after Richard Lounsbery's death, Vera Lounsbery, Richard Lounsbery's wife, and the family attorney, Alan F. McHenry, established the goals of the foundation clearly. McHenry became the first president of the foundation in 1980. McHenry's son, Richard, currently serves on the foundation's board of directors.

Mission
The Richard Lounsbery Foundation aims to enhance national strengths in science and technology through support of programs in the following areas: research that helps build bridges between outstanding groups outside the US and American science; joint international research between nations in conflict; science and technology components of US policy issues; elementary and secondary science and math education, especially in New York City and Washington DC; historical studies and contemporary assessments of key trends in the natural sciences; and start-up assistance for establishing the infrastructure of research projects or new fields of research. Among international initiatives, the Foundation has a long-standing priority in French-American cooperation.

The Foundation generally provides seed money or partial support, rarely renews grants for continuing activities, does not normally fund endowments or capital equipment, and aims to achieve high impact by funding novel projects and forward-looking leaders.

The foundation takes a special interest in cooperative activities between French and American scholars. It may have been the first philanthropic organization to fund the Wikimedia Foundation. A prospective Lounsbery grant in late 2004 accelerated Wikimedia to get US Internal Revenue Service approval as an educational foundation in April 2005.

The foundation's largest and most frequent grantees include the American Museum of Natural History, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Institute of International Education, French Académie des Sciences, U.S. Foundation for the Commemoration of the World Wars, and the Center for the Study of the Presidency & Congress.

The foundation's recent giving history is published on their website.

Awards and grants
Awards supported by the foundation include:
 * The Richard Lounsbery Award in biology or medicine. The Richard Lounsbery Award is an annual prize given to young (aged 45 and below) French and American scientists to recognize extraordinary scientific achievement in biology and medicine.  It is administered in alternate years by the National Academy of Sciences and the French Académie des sciences. In addition to honoring scientific excellence, the Award is intended to stimulate research and encourage reciprocal scientific exchanges between the United States and France. The Richard Lounsbery Award was established by Vera Lounsbery in memory of her husband, Richard Lounsbery, in 1978.

title: Richard Lounsbery Foundation