text:
201st Fighter Squadron

The 201st Fighter Squadron (Escuadrón Aéreo de Pelea 201) is a fighter squadron of the Mexican Air Force, part of the Mexican Expeditionary Air Force that aided the Allied war effort during World War II. The squadron was known by the nickname Águilas Aztecas or "Aztec Eagles", apparently coined by members of the squadron during training.

The squadron was attached to the 58th Fighter Group of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) during the liberation of the main Philippine island of Luzon in the summer of 1945. The pilots flew Republic P-47D-30-RA Thunderbolt single-seat fighter aircraft carrying out tactical air support missions.

A neighborhood of Mexico City and its corresponding Mexico City Metro Line 8 station Metro Escuadrón 201 are both named after the squadron. It was also the subject of the Mexican film Escuadrón 201, directed by Jaime Salvador and released in 1945. On November 22, 2004, the squadron was awarded the Philippine Legion of Honor, with a rank of Legionnaire, by then president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. The unit is still active at present, flying the Pilatus PC-7.

Formation and training
The Escuadrón Aéreo de Pelea 201 (201st Air Fighter Squadron) was composed of more than 300 volunteers; roughly 30 were experienced pilots and the rest were groundcrew. The ground crewmen were electricians, mechanics, and radiomen. Its formation was prompted by the attack by German submarines against Mexican oil tankers Potrero del Llano and Faja de Oro, that were transporting crude oil to the United States. These attacks prompted President Manuel Ávila Camacho to declare war on the Axis powers on May 22, 1942, and to join Brazil as the only two Latin American countries to actually send military forces overseas.

The squadron left Mexico for training in the United States on July 24, 1944, arrived at Laredo, Texas, on July 25, and moved on to Randolph Field in San Antonio, where the personnel received medical examinations and admission tests in weapons and flight proficiency. They received three months of training at Randolph, Foster Army Air Field in Victoria, Texas, and Pocatello Army Air Base. The pilots received extensive training in armament, communications and tactics.

The squadron arrived at Majors Field in Greenville, Texas, on November 30, 1944. Here, the pilots received advanced training in combat air tactics, formation flying and gunnery. The men were honored with graduation ceremonies on February 20, 1945, and the squadron was presented with its battle flag. This marked the first time Mexican troops were trained for overseas combat. In charge of the group was Colonel Antonio Cárdenas Rodríguez, and Captain First Class Radamés Gaxiola Andrade was named squadron commander.

Before leaving for the Philippines, the men received further instructions and physical examinations in Camp Stoneman in Pittsburg, California, in March 1945. The men left for the Philippines on the troop ship S.S. Fairisle on March 27, 1945. The squadron arrived in Manila on April 30, 1945, and was assigned as part of the Fifth Air Force, attached to the U.S. 58th Fighter Group, based at Porac, Pampanga, in the Clark Field complex on the island of Luzon.

Combat operations
Beginning in June 1945, the squadron initially flew missions with the 310th Fighter Squadron, often twice a day, using borrowed U.S. aircraft. It received 25 new P-47D-30-RA aircraft in July, marked with the insignia of both the USAAF and Mexican Air Force. The squadron flew more than 90 combat missions, totaling more than 1,900 hours of flight time. It participated in the Allied effort to bomb Luzon and Formosa to push the Japanese out of those islands. During its fighting in the Philippines, five squadron pilots died (one was shot down, one crashed, and three ran out of fuel and died at sea) and three others died in accidents during training.

Among the missions flown by the squadron were 53 ground support missions flown in support of the U.S. 25th Infantry Division together with the Philippine Commonwealth troops and recognized guerrilla units in the break-out into the Cagayan Valley on Luzon between 4 June and 4 July 1945; 37 training missions flown 14–21 July 1945 (including missions to ferry new aircraft from Biak Island, New Guinea); four fighter sweeps over Formosa on 6–9 July 1945; and a dive bombing mission against the port of Karenko, Formosa, on 8 August.

When the 201st deployed, no provision for replacement pilots had been made and the pilot losses incurred in the Philippines hampered its effectiveness. Mexican replacement pilots were rushed through familiarization training in the United States, and two more pilots died in flight accidents in Florida. When the 58th Fighter Group left the Philippines for Okinawa on July 10, the Mexicans stayed behind. They flew their last combat mission as a full squadron on August 26, escorting a convoy north of the Philippines. Not only did the pilots get into combat, but also the ground personnel encountered Japanese troops, having some fire-fights and capturing a number of enemy troops as well. The 201st Mexican Squadron was given credit for putting out of action about 30,000 Japanese troops and the destruction of enemy held-buildings, vehicles, tanks, anti-aircraft guns, machine guns emplacements and ammunition depots.

The work of the 201st was recognized by General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in the Southwest Pacific Area.

The 201st returned to Mexico City on 18 November 1945. In a military parade in the Zócalo the Fighter Squadron delivered the Mexican flag to President Manuel Ávila Camacho. The FAEM was disbanded after returning from the Philippines.

The Escuadrón Aéreo de Pelea 201 is still an active duty squadron, flying the Pilatus PC-7 from Cozumel, Quintana Roo, and saw extensive counter-insurgency service during the 1994 uprising in Chiapas.

Squadron pilots
Name list on the Chapultepec memorial plaque: Pilots marked with an asterisk (*) were killed during flying operations in the Philippines. Pilot marked by two asterisks (**) died in January 1945 during training exercises at the Army Air Base at Abilene, Texas. Pilot marked by three asterisks (***) was killed in a low altitude gunnery training exercise in March 1945 near Harlingen AAF in Texas.

Current location of aircraft
One of the P-47 Thunderbolt is on display at The Mexican Air Force Museum (Spanish: Museo Militar de Aviación "Teniente Piloto Aviador José Espinoza Fuentes")

title: 201st Fighter Squadron


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of English words of Greek origin

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP after major rework

List of English words of Greek origin
Very shortly after I created the page, people objected to it on the talk page, saying that such a list will always be incomplete, and could be the size of a phonebook. There are enormous lists of technical words in all kinds of fields that are derived from greek roots. I defended the page's right to exist by saying that if List of English words of Latin origin is worth keeping, then this one is too. If that one should be deleted, I would even support that argument, but then this one must be deleted as well. Well, today the list of Latin words was deleted with some very convincing arguments and almost unanimous support, and so I think this one has to go too. We simply don't have room for lists of English words that are large percentages of the total vocabulary of the language.  delete  -Lethe | Talk 02:33, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Edit: I really like the things that UncleG is doing to this and the other articles. I now vote to keep the article text and rename the article and remove the word list, just as Uncle G is doing. -Lethe | Talk 03:17, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Retain -Rex Gentium All that hard work for the enlightenment of my fellow human beings for nothing? The percentage of Greek-origin words in English being less than that of Latin, the list as it stands is relatively small. In my opinion, this list covers the main, known words that are derived from Greek and henceforth will only grow minutely. In my own contributions to this article, I purposely avoided the countless neologisms and "coined" Greek words that can overexpand and bloat an article, adding instead established or even everyday words whose origin in Greek is unexpected. To do away with this article would be a foolish act that would rob many of an expansion of their knowledge.
 * Hard work indeed. The list includes many contributions.  But it is nothing more than an alphabetical listing of words by etymology, one which would be tens of thousands of words long, if complete.  We simply have no space for such things.  It would be better represented by a automagically generated list in Wiktionary, which should include a category by etymology. -Lethe | Talk 11:55, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * VFD listings should use 3rd level headings. Goplat 02:59, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * If this is a list of 'main' Greek words as Rex says (or as the list states, 'some' words), then what is the criterium for a Greek word to be on that list? That sounds rather arbitrary. Words of Greek origin make up some 15% of the English language, so a full list would be too large. An arbitrarily smaller list is not particularly encyclopedic. As such, delete. Radiant! 09:13, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Rename it Greek loans in the English language and expand the introduction to the list (which is already an article in its own right), but limit the actual list to a few significant examples of each type of loan. The general topic is appropriate for an article irrespective of whether it is realistic or proper to have an entire list of such words. / u p p l a n d 09:54, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Strongest possible keep. Where else is one supposed to find a list of Greek loan words if not on Wikipedia? Totally ludicrous nomination. --Centauri 10:36, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not ludicrous. The similar article List of English Words of Latin origin was deleted last week after consensual vote on the VfD list. It is reasonable to suggest that the same reasoning would apply to this list. Radiant! 11:40, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * You might try Wiktionary, which was designed to be a collection of words, their definitions, etymologies, and lists thereof. Wikipedia was designed to have encyclopedic articles, which this simply is not.  It is a list of words whose only notoriety is etymology. -Lethe | Talk 11:45, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Amnesiate, for the good reasons given for "List of English words of Latin origin." Adding technical features to Wiktionary to enable database searches for words with specified etymologies would be a valuable thing to do. Hand-maintaining incomplete lists of words constituting a sixth of the English language is not. I'm not sure whether we have an article on medical Greek and Latin roots--building blocks used for construction of medical terminology. There are textbooks on such things, and there are only a few hundreds of such roots that are commonly used. That would be a reasonable article. Dpbsmith (talk) 13:51, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Retain but prune drastically A complete list of English words with Greek roots is ridiculous -- such functionality should be one way you can slice-and-dice a dictionary.  It is especially ridiculous that neologisms such as "photography" and "sphygmomanometer" appear in this list -- words which never existed in Greek -- until they were borrowed back into Modern Greek.  It is the neologisms (mostly medical and scientific coinages) that give us silly numbers like 25% (or whatever) of English.  On the other hand, words like "olive", "bishop", and "scene" are not obviously Greek and have an interesting history, which should be discussed.  The straight borrowings like "orchestra" and "drama" are perhaps less interesting.  The discussion of spelling and plurals is also useful. Macrakis 16:34, 24 Feb 05 (UTC)
 * Delete. Even without the neologisms. Anything truly notable as being a loan word, per Macrakis' comment above, might be noted in the Ελληνικά article. Also, there seems to be enough flexibility in Wiktionary to allow such categories to be created, and this topic would certainly be far more appropriate therein. HyperZonktalk 17:35, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed about renaming I agree that the name "List" is inappropriate.  I suppose the information about coinages, about spelling, etc. could go in the Greek Language article.  What's more, most of it is not specific to English, since all the other European languages have pretty much the same stock of Greek-based neologisms and even mostly the same stock of Greek borrowings (everything from olive to moussaka appears in all the major European languages).  But does it belong in the Greek language article itself?--Macrakis 18:37, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Note that this information about Greek borrowings can be found in Wiktionary. Radiant! 19:23, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * The "hard work for the enlightenment of my fellow human beings" should have been directed towards putting etymologies in the dictionary where they belong, right from the start.  My vote is the same as it was in Votes for deletion/List of English words of Latin origin.  This sort of etymology is exactly what Wiktionary is for.  This article should have been made a pointer to Wiktionary at its creation.  Wikipedia is not a list of words. Wiktionary . Uncle G 16:22, 2005 Feb 16 (UTC)
 * Keep Useful article about an important aspect of the language. I want the English language covered in Wikipedia as I have no intention of using Wikidictionary. Wincoote 23:26, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * whether or not you use wiktionary, this list doesn't belong here, it belongs there. If you have a use for such a list, perhaps you should reconsider your policy about wiktionary. Lethe | Talk
 * Definite keep. Why anyone would want to delete an article about such an important subject as this eludes me. --Gene_poole 04:39, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * "List of words" is not a subject, it's just a list. This is an important list, but wikipedia is not the place for such a list Lethe | Talk
 * Keep, unless... there is an actual listing on Wiktionary similar to this (I don't use Wiktionary, so I honestly don't know)? If I were to look for words derived from the Greek language, I don't want to guess them out one at a time from the top of my head and type them in. To my knowledge, this is one of the only lists out on the net of words from Greek origin, and it needs to be somewhere, if not here. If Wiktionary can make a compiled list like this, then cool. But if not, I think it should stay. I personally think it's a shame we lost the Latin one... there are 34 others under the Lists of etymologies too... I do not believe they should just simply disappear. Obviously, with such a compilation, they have relevency. This list itself has proved quite helpful to me personally, and not because it was just "interesting to know" or anything. If they must disappear from Wikipedia... then maybe Wiktionary (or whatever is appropriate) can carry this list, if that is possible? - Shadowolf 08:45, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * If there isn't one in wiktionary yet, there will be soon. This list doesn't belong in wikipedia.  Wikipedia is not a vocab list, not a dictionary.  Lethe | Talk
 * Delete here, recreate information in some form on Wikitionary. If some particular Greek-derived word has an interesting etymology, well, put it in the freaking article for the word. Change of vote: Keep and modify per Uncle G. --Calton 00:28, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Please take a look at Wiktionary:Category:Greek derivations and Wiktionary:Category:Latin derivations. Note that I have not transwikid anything. There's nothing to transwiki.  I've simply categorized the existing Wiktionary articles, creating any stubs as necessary.  Consider this to be the proof of the pudding.  As per Uppland and Macrakis I suggest that at the end of this process this article be renamed to something other than "List of", so that no-one is tempted to make it into a list again. I recommend that the same treatment be given to all of the Lists of English words of international origin.  (List of English words of Polish origin is a prime candidate.)  There may be a merger possibility for the introductions of all of these lists once the actual lists of words themselves have gone. Uncle G 01:42, 2005 Feb 26 (UTC)
 * Excellent idea, UncleG, strong concur with the above. Radiant! 12:18, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Article can benefit from modification, although I'm not sure what's the best way to move forward. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:21, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Modified article. I've cleaned this article up, entirely removing the list of words (which you probably saw the tail end of, going by the date on your comment).  The article has now had that drastic pruning.
 * I think that, with one exception, we all agree that Wikipedia is not a dictionary. Any article that is a list of words is unencyclopaedic.  (By which I don't mean non-notable.)  Any article with "list of words" in its title, moreover, is going to be a dicdef-magnet.  And indeed this, and all of the other List of English words of X origin articles listed at Lists of English words of international origin, have become nothing more than dicdef-magnets, as their editing histories over the past few months show only too plainly.  I've applied the same procedure that I applied to this article to some of those other articles.  Look how short they have become!  Look at List of English words of Scots origin, List of English words of Polish origin, and List of English words of Hindi origin, for examples.  Without the mini-dictionaries, there was practically nothing left in the articles.  (However, I think that there is something that could be written about words of Scots origin, words of Polish origin, and words of Hindi origin — decribing how words from these languages came to be loaned into other languages, what classes of words are loaned, the distinctive features that give away such words, and the like — and that these articles are the beginnings of such.)
 * I think that the best way forward is to
 * Rename this article to Words of Greek origin and realign the article to be about, as per Macrakis, loanwords from Greek into all languages.
 * Apply the same to all of the other List of English words of X origin articles.
 * Lose Lists of English words of international origin entirely, for two reasons:
 * The tree is simply rooted in the wrong place. This whole article series is predicated on the idea of words being loaned to English.  In other words, it is seen as a sub-topic of English language.  But as Macrakis points out, many of these loanwords are loaned to multiple languages.  The far better way to look at this series is as being about the languages that the words were loaned from.  This article and List of English words of Turkish origin are prime examples of articles just begging for the Anglo-centrism to be removed.
 * It's a list of lists. Even without the above consideration, there's no need for a list of lists.  There's almost never a need for a list of lists.  An article like that should be a category of lists.
 * I also recommend a long hard look at:
 * Nahuatl dictionary, a Nahuatl-English translation dictionary sitting quietly in Wikipedia
 * List of Dacian words, a Romanian-English translation dictionary sitting quietly in Wikipedia (entirely duplicating Wiktionary:Category:Dacian derivations, where the effort should be directed)
 * Actually, this is not a Romanian-English dictionary, but rather a list of words (with English glosses) from an ancient language named Dacian, a substrate language of Romanian. That said, it still doesn't belong in the Wikipedia, but rather in Wiktionary:Category:Dacian derivations.--Macrakis 12:32, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, looking at the article and finding the vast bulk of it being a long list of entries like:
 * baban - "big, plump"
 * baci - "shepherd"
 * bagă - "to put in, to stick in"
 * băiat - "boy"
 * beregată - "throat"
 * brânză - "cheese"
 * I have to say that whatever it may really be, it's doing a fair old job of disguising itself as a Romanian-English translation dictionary (with a one-paragraph preface). ☺ It even has its talk page divided into sections for the individual words.
 * More seriously: Your and other people's contributions to the discussion at Talk:List of Dacian words would be appreciated. Uncle G 18:05, 2005 Feb 28 (UTC)
 * Uncle G 02:20, 2005 Feb 28 (UTC)
 * Once more, concur with UncleG, and if it's a lot of work I'd be happy to help. Radiant! 10:28, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Recycling Troll 18:14, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Retain and Rename now that it's had the actual list removed, there's some useful and encyclopedic stuff left. rossb 07:03, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as rewritten. Rename, obviously. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  14:45, Mar 4, 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/The Temptations/archive1

The Temptations
Some issues have recently been worked out on the talk page, and it seems like a great article. This isn't a self-nom, though I've made some non-substantive edits here and there (IIRC, I also wrote the original stub, but I'm sure nothing is left from that). Tuf-Kat 02:33, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Solid article. – flamurai (t) 03:08, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Wow, very nicely done. - Taxman 21:47, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I have one very minor nitpick, mentioned on the talk page, but it doesn't change my vote either way.  Jgm 00:27, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Have you changed your mind about the nitpick? Or forget to edit the talk page?  Or am I missing it? Tuf-Kat
 * Thought I had, but I was having some save problems yesterday. Will rewrite. Jgm 02:26, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - an excellent piece of work (and a great companion piece to The Supremes) Rossrs 13:37, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Excellent. SlimVirgin 20:22, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, although the last part of the article is getting rather "listy". Jeronimo 09:11, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Everyking 12:04, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Joshuaschroeder 05:47, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Thickened fluids

Thickened fluids and thickened drinks are often used for people with dysphagia, a disorder of swallowing function. The thicker consistency makes it less likely that individuals will aspirate while they are drinking. Individuals with difficulty swallowing may find that liquids cause coughing, spluttering, or even aspiration, and that thickening drinks enables them to swallow safely. Patients may be advised to consume thickened liquids after being extubated. Liquid thickness may be measured by two methods, with a viscometer or by line spread test.

There are several levels of consistency/viscosity and these have historically varied by country, although the launch of the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) aims to remove this variation. According to the IDDSI, the thickness of a drink can be tested by measuring the amount that pours out of a 10ml syringe in 10 seconds.

0 – Thin liquids: Unthickened, such as water or juice. Common thin liquids include coffee, tea, clear broth, clear juice, skim milk, 2% milk, and whole milk. 1 – Slightly thick (between 9 and 6 ml pour out of a 10ml syringe in 10 seconds) 2 – Mildly thick (between 6 and 2 ml pour out) 3 – Moderately thick (2 or less ml pour out) 4 – Extremely thick – drinks of this stage should require a spoon to drink and are comparable to pureed foods.

Patients who have a restriction on thin liquids should avoid milk shakes, ice cream, popsicles, and Jell-O as these melt into thin liquids in the mouth.

There are multiple commercial thickeners on the market for thickening liquids. Vendors also offer pre-thickened liquids such as water, juice, and milk in individual serving sized cartons. Some commercial thickeners use modified maize starch, which helps support hydration and nutritional levels, while others use xanthan gum.

There is no good evidence that thickening liquids reduces pneumonia in dysphagia (swallowing problems) and it may be associated with poorer hydration and with an adverse effect on quality of life. Thicker consistencies may also be associated with pharyngeal residue and perhaps with an increased risk of severe pneumonia if aspirated. Concern has been expressed that patients receiving modified texture diets, such as thickened liquids are not receiving adequate information about the pros and cons and are not as result giving valid informed consent.

title: Thickened fluids


text:
VA spacecraft

The Vozvraschaemyi Apparat (Возвращаемый Аппарат, GRAU index 11F74), or VA spacecraft, was a Soviet crew capsule, intended to serve as a crewed launch and reentry vehicle. Initially designed for the LK-1 human lunar flyby spacecraft for one of the Soviet crewed lunar programs, then the LK-700 redesign, it was later repurposed for the Almaz military space station program.

The VA capsule on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum was labeled as Merkur, following a mistranslation of the original documentation – while incorrect, the name is being used in the West for the VA spacecraft and capsule.

The VA spacecraft was capable of independent flight – up to 31 hours in its last incarnation – it needed however to be combined with additional hardware (containing propulsion and storage) to achieve a longer flight duration.

Different usage scenarios for the VA spacecraft were planned:

 * For the lunar flyby spacecraft LK-1 and LK-700, the plans by Vladimir Chelomei's design bureau OKB-52 were to mate a VA spacecraft together with an Equipment-Rocket System Block (PAB) and Translunar Injection Stage (RB).

 * For the Almaz space station program, the plans envisaged two configurations for the crewed VA spacecraft:
 * A VA spacecraft would have launched the initial crew of an Almaz-OPS space station, the VA spacecraft launched together with the station itself; This combination was known as "Almaz APOS".
 * A VA spacecraft would have been launched mated together with a Functional Cargo Block (FGB) to resupply an Almaz station, in both crewed and uncrewed flights; This combination was known as the TKS spacecraft.

VA was the first spacecraft to be launched into orbit twice, as Kosmos 929 was recovered and launched again as Kosmos 998. Gemini 2 was launched into space twice, but both launches were suborbital.

While the VA spacecraft performed successful uncrewed test flights, both with and without a Functional Cargo Block, it never served in its intended role as a lunar vehicle due to cancellation of the soviet crewed lunar program, and it was never launched together with an Almaz space station.

LK-1 – crewed lunar flyby spacecraft
First work on the VA spacecraft began on 13 May 1961 by Vladimir Chelomey's OKB-52 design bureau, in response to the US Apollo program. The VA spacecraft consisted of three main parts: Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov called the Almaz VA return capsule "our Apollo". The shape of the VA capsule was vaguely like that of the Apollo Command Module (CM), however some of the VA's support hardware was housed on top of the capsule in the nose compartment – unlike Apollo with the Apollo Service Module (SM) below the Apollo CM.
 * The VA capsule, which formed the pressurized habitable section for the crew
 * The NO front compartment (Носовой Отсек НО, lit. "nose compartment"), housing the deorbit block (BSO), additional batteries, communication equipment, the parachute and soft landing engines
 * The SAS launch escape system (Система Аварийного Спасения САС) – similar to Soyuz and Apollo – mounted on top of the nose section, jettisoned after first stage had burned out

While the VA spacecraft was capable of independent flight of about one day, it needed to be mated to additional hardware for a longer flight duration.

For a lunar mission, the LK-1 spacecraft would have been formed by mating the VA spacecraft with two components:
 * The Equipment-Rocket System Block (PAB). It included – analogous to the Apollo's SM – solar panels and electrical power systems, communications systems like a parabolic antenna and thrusters for midcourse maneuvers.
 * The Translunar Injection Stage (RB).

Almaz space station support craft
After the cancellation of the LK-1 crewed lunar spacecraft effort, the VA spacecraft was repurposed by Chelomey as support craft for his military Almaz space station program – again a response to a US program, the USAF's military Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) and Gemini B effort.

Almaz APOS
The initial plans called for crew and station to be launched together with one Proton rocket launch, just like the US MOL/Gemini combination. For this a VA spacecraft would have been mated on top of an Almaz OPS space station core (11F71) – this was known as Almaz APOS. The crew would have ridden into space in the VA capsule; Once in orbit, the crew would have entered the Almaz station through a hatch in the heat shield – just like MOL/Gemini. The VA capsule would then remain unoccupied until the end of the mission, when it would serve as the reentry vehicle for the crew. The Almaz APOS concept evolved into the Almaz-OPS stations of the Salyut programme, which were however never launched together with their crew, nor together with a VA capsule.

TKS spacecraft
For the flights of the subsequent crews of an Almaz space station, the VA spacecraft would have been mated with a Functional Cargo Block (FGB, 11F77) instead. Together the VA and the FGB would form the crewed TKS spacecraft (11F72) for crew and resupply flights to Almaz space stations – the VA would serve in its role as launch and reentry vehicle for the crew, while the FGB would serve as a propulsion system, pressurized cargo carrier and contain the docking hardware.

A few TKS spacecraft flew uncrewed missions, but never to an Almaz-OPS station. The FGB would however continue to find use and form the basis for several space station modules – the FGB concept is still in use for the Zarya FGB, albeit in modified form.

Test flights
Although the VA was never launched crewed, never together with an Almaz-OPS station, and never to an Almaz-OPS station, it saw several flights, some in the intended TKS spacecraft configuration.

To accelerate the man-rating of the TKS and VA spacecraft, eight uncrewed VA spacecraft (without FGBs) were launched in pairs, testing two VA spacecraft per test flight. One of these flights was aborted due to the carrier rocket failure, and the VA capsule was successfully carried away from the exploding rocket by the launch escape system.

Another four uncrewed VA spacecraft were mated together with an FGB and launched as TKS spacecraft: the solo flight of Kosmos 929, the Kosmos 1267 flight to Salyut 6 and the flights of Kosmos 1443 and Kosmos 1686 to Salyut 7 (the VA spacecraft on the TKS flight of Kosmos 1686 was modified as a no-reentry laboratory segment).

The TKS program would, after these test flights, evolve into the Functional Cargo Block based space station modules, and the VA capsules would no longer be of service in the Soviet Union.

=== VA spacecraft test flights ===

Kosmos 881 and Kosmos 882
VA 009A/1 (#009P) and VA 009/1 (#009L): Orbital test of a pair of two VA spacecraft Kosmos 881 and Kosmos 882 in 1976-12-15 that started jointly and reentered separately.

Kosmos 929
VA 009A/2 test flight on 1977-07-17. The reentry module was refurbished and launched again on 1978-03-30 as Kosmos 998.

Kosmos 937 and Kosmos 938
VA 009A/P (#009P) and VA 009P/2 (#009L): Launched on 1977-08-05. Launch vehicle failure forty seconds into the flight on a suborbital test of two VA spacecraft. VA #009L is destroyed in the resulting booster explosion, VA #009P is rescued by the Proton SAS abort system and is recovered safely.

Kosmos 997 and Kosmos 998
VA 009A/P2 and VA 009P/2 (009A/2): On 1978-03-30 pair of two VA spacecraft Kosmos 997 and Kosmos 998 that started jointly and reentered separately

Kosmos 1096 and Kosmos 1097
VA #103 and VA #008: On 1979-04-20 the Proton carrier rocket suffered an on pad abort and did not lift off. Capsule VA #103 was lost.

Kosmos 1100 and Kosmos 1101
VA 102A (#102P) and VA 102 (#102L): On 1979-05-22 pair of two VA spacecraft Kosmos 1100 and Kosmos 1101 that started jointly and reentered separately

TKS-1 (Kosmos 929)
Kosmos 929 was the first flight of a "complete" TKS spacecraft (VA 009A/2 spacecraft with FGB) on July 17, 1977.

TKS-2 (Kosmos 1267)
Kosmos 1267 flight of TKS spacecraft (VA 0103/3 spacecraft with FGB) to Salyut 6 on April 25, 1981.

TKS-3 (Kosmos 1443)
Kosmos 1443 was the first "complete" TKS craft (VA 0103/1 spacecraft and FGB) that docked to a Salyut station – Salyut 7 on March 2, 1983.

TKS-4 (Kosmos 1686)
Kosmos 1686 was on Sept. 27, 1985 the last flight of an TKS spacecraft – its target was the Salyut 7 space station. The VA capsule was modified to house remote sensing instruments.

Existing hardware
Some VA capsules are on display in museums or in storage.

Known articles include:
 * VA 009A/2 - (part of Kosmos 929 and Kosmos 998) Excalibur Almaz
 * VA 009P/2 (009/2) - (part of Kosmos 881, Kosmos 938 and Kosmos 997) NPO Mashinostroyeniya
 * #009/3 - (used for three air drop tests) Excalibur Almaz
 * #103/1 (#511650103/1) -  Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
 * #103/2 (#630850103/2) - Excalibur Almaz
 * VA 0103/1 (#103/4) - (part of Kosmos 1443) Smithsonian Museum
 * #069002060 - International Space University, Strasbourg
 * #75615302 - Yevpatoria
 * #? - NPO Energomash
 * #? - Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center
 * #? - Vladimir Tchelomey School, Kazakhstan

VA spacecraft
The VA spacecraft included the VA capsule (see below) and the "nose section"; All data excluding TKS-FGB or Almaz-OPS.
 * Mass at launch (including SAS launch escape system): 7200 to 7300 kg
 * Mass in orbit: 4,800 kg
 * Gross mass: 3,800 kg
 * Launch payload: 1880 kg
 * Return payload: 3 persons and 50 kg, or 500 kg uncrewed

 * Height at launch (including SAS): 10.3 m
 * Height in orbit: 7.3 m
 * Diameter: 2.79 m
 * Independent operation: up to 31 hours
 * First flight: December 15, 1976, as VA spacecraft ("twin" solo flights Kosmos 881 and Kosmos 882)
 * Last flight: September 27, 1985, as TKS spacecraft (Kosmos 1686)

VA capsule
All data for TKS version, unless otherwise stated.
 * Crew size: 1 for LK-1, 3 for TKS
 * Total internal volume: 8.37 m3
 * Habitable volume: 4.56 m3
 * Diameter: 2.79 m

 * Reusable for 10 flights

TKS spacecraft
A TKS spacecraft consisted of a VA spacecraft mated to a Functional Cargo Block (FGB). The specifications of the TKS spacecraft were as follows:
 * Mass at launch: 21,620 kg
 * Mass in orbit: 17,570 kg

 * Payload (total): 12,600 kg (including consumables and VA spacecraft)
 * Payload (dry cargo): about 5,200 kg
 * Payload (fuel): 3,822 kg
 * Height: 17.51 m
 * Span: 17.00 m
 * Thrust: 7.84 kN
 * Electric power: 2.40 kW on average

Excalibur Almaz
The company Excalibur Almaz acquired four VA return capsule hulls and two Almaz space station hulls. The company plans to outfit and launch both the VA capsules and the Almaz station hulls; One VA capsule is planned to be used in support of space tourism while the other three VA capsules are reserved for scientific and commercial payloads. The needed development of propulsion systems for the VA capsule was reportedly delegated to an unnamed European organization as early as 2009.

title: VA spacecraft


text:
Gampo Abbey

Gampo Abbey is a Western Buddhist monastery in the Shambhala tradition in Nova Scotia, Canada on the edge of the Pleasant Bay community. Founded by Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche in 1983, it is a lineage institution of Shambhala and a corporate division of the Vajradhatu Buddhist Church of Canada.

Under the spiritual direction of Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche, the spiritual head of Shambhala International, Gampo Abbey is guided by its abbot Thrangu Rinpoche and its principal teacher Pema Chödrön.

Gampo Abbey is named after Gampopa, the first monastic in the Kagyü lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.

The community
Residents of Gampo Abbey include monks and nuns who have taken life ordination, monks and nuns who have taken temporary ordination, and laymen and laywomen. The life monastics are all ordained in the Mulasarvastivadin lineages of the vinaya, or in the case of the bhikṣuṇīs, a combination of the Mulasarvastivadin and Dharmaguptaka lineages.

Gampo Abbey's guiding teacher is the well-known author, Buddhist nun, and teacher Pema Chödrön.

The Abbey also has ties to the local Cape Breton Shambhala sangha.

Programs
The Abbey offers programs to residents and/or to the public, including:

 * The Yarne winter retreat
 * In-house retreats, where people can experience Abbey life for a week or two
 * Solitary retreats
 * Shedra classes (the Vidyadhara Institute)
 * Shambhala programs
 * Practice intensives, including Vajrayogini druppas

Temporary ordination
At the request of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche, Thrangu Rinpoche introduced temporary ordination (Tsanchö Genyen/Upasaka Brahmacharya ordination) to give Dharma practitioners an opportunity to experience monasticism without making a lifetime commitment. The prerequisite is the Refuge Vow.

Temporary ordination is offered after residing at the Abbey for at least three months. Residents may request temporary ordination and be ordained for a minimum of nine months. Temporary monastics shave their heads, wear robes, and train in the disciplines and rituals of monastic life.

The Shambhala Monastic Order
In May 2013, the Office of the Kalapa Court, on behalf of Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche, announced the formation of the Shambhala Monastic Order, which will provide the umbrella organization over Gampo Abbey and any future monasteries within Shambhala.

The Sakyong will work with Pema Chödrön, Gampo Abbey’s monastics, and other leaders on the path of Shambhala monasticism. This work will embrace the monastic practices and traditions to which the monastics of Gampo Abbey have already devoted themselves. What will be developed are teachings, practices, and skillful means that further enrich and infuse the monastic discipline with Shambhala vision and culture.

Stupa of Enlightenment

In 1996 Thrangu Rinpoche, the Abbot of Gampo Abbey, requested that a stupa be built at Gampo Abbey. Supported by Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche, construction of the stupa began in 1999. After completion, Thrangu Rinpoche consecrated the stupa in August 2001, dedicating it to world peace. The Stupa of Enlightenment houses the relics of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche and also symbolizes that the dharma has taken root in Nova Scotia.

Söpa Chöling
Söpa Chöling is the three-year retreat center at Gampo Abbey. It was envisioned by Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche and founded by Thrangu Rinpoche in 1990.

The first three-year retreats were designed and taught by the great Buddhist master, Jamgön Kongtrül, Lodrö Thayé (1813-1899). The three-year retreat remains one of the most important institutions of Buddhism.

The third Jamgön Kongtrül named the center Söpa Chöling, which means "Dharma Place of Patience."

Three-year retreats at Söpa Chöling are done in English, in three segments with breaks in between. This schedule was designed by Thrangu Rinpoche to make the retreat more accessible for people with family and career commitments.

Six groups of retreatants have completed the three-year retreat, a total of 56 individuals. The seventh cycle of retreats is currently underway.

Notable Söpa Chöling retreat alumni include the renowned Buddhist nun and teacher Pema Chödrön. Recent alumni have written about their three-year retreat experience at Söpa Chöling.

title: Gampo Abbey


text:
Samuel Woodfill

Samuel Woodfill (January 6, 1883 – August 10, 1951) was a major in the United States Army. He was a veteran of the Philippine–American War, World War I, and World War II. Woodfill was one of the most celebrated American soldiers of the early 20th century. General John Pershing called Woodfill the most outstanding soldier in World War I. During an offensive in October 1918, he single-handedly neutralized three German machine gun emplacements while suffering under the effect of mustard gas, and was able to successfully lead his men safely back to the American lines without casualties. Woodfill was considered to be one of America's most decorated soldiers in World War I. He received the Medal of Honor (which General Pershing presented on 9 February 1919), the French Légion d'honneur in the degree of Chevalier, the French Croix de guerre with bronze palm, the Montenegrin Order of Prince Danilo I in the degree of Knight and the Italian Croce al Merito di Guerra among other awards. So legendary was Woodfill's renown, that almost 11 years after the war ended, a Polish Army delegation presented him two medals. The presentation occurred during the 11th Annual National Convention of the American Legion held in Louisville, Kentucky from 30 September - 3 October 1929.

After returning home at the end of the war, Woodfill took a number of different jobs before starting a career as an insurance salesman. He was among the three soldiers chosen to dedicate the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in 1921, joining fellow Medal of Honor recipients Charles Whittlesey and Alvin York. At the outbreak of World War II, he was commissioned as a major and spent two years training recruits before resigning from the army after the death of his wife in 1943. Woodfill retired to a farm near Vevay, Indiana, where he lived until his death. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Early life
Samuel Woodfill was born January 6, 1883, near Bryantsburg, Indiana to John Samuel Goode Woodfill (1824–1896) and Christina ( Heaverline) Woodfill (1855–1919). His father was a veteran of the Mexican–American War and the Civil War, having served in the 5th Regiment Indiana Infantry.

Samuel Woodfill learned to hunt at an early age and was a good shot by age ten. He received a basic education in local schools and enlisted in the 11th Infantry of the United States Army on March 8, 1901.

Military career
The United States was occupying the Philippines when Woodfill was dispatched as a private. Woodfill was involved in a number of conflicts with the Filipino guerilla forces. He remained in the Philippines until 1904 before being transferred to Alaska that same year to serve at Fort Egbert until its closure in 1911. Not wanting to leave Alaska, Woodfill remained and served at Fort Gibbon. In 1912, he was stationed in Fort Thomas, Kentucky.

In 1914 Woodfill was dispatched as part of a force to guard the Mexican American border during the Mexican Civil War. Their presence was sufficient to halt the cross border violence and he saw no action there. In 1917, his company returned to Fort Thomas.

After the United States declared war on Germany and entered World War I in April 1917, the Army greatly expanded. Due to the demand for experienced officers, Woodfill was granted a temporary commission as a second lieutenant on July 11, 1917.

About this time, Woodfill began courting Lorena "Blossom" Wiltshire and the couple married on December 26, 1917. The couple bought a home in the town of Fort Thomas.

World War I
After the American entry into World War I, Woodfill's regiment, the 60th Infantry was in late 1917 assigned to the Fifth Infantry Division and deployed to Europe in early 1918 to reinforce the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) under the command of General John J. Pershing. Due to a shortage of experienced officers in the army, Woodfill was promoted to second lieutenant on July 11, 1917, and to first lieutenant on March 2, 1918. His regiment was placed in the defenses between Meuse and the Argonne in France in August 1918.

On September 26 the Meuse–Argonne offensive began. The offensive lasted for forty-seven days and left tens of thousands dead, with many more wounded. On the morning of October 12, Woodfill and his company were stationed near Cunel when his men were advancing through thick fog. As they moved forward, machine gun fire broke out from German held positions targeting Woodfill and his men. While the other men took cover, Woodfill quickly advanced on the machine gun emplacement while avoiding being hit. As he approached the emplacement he opened fire, disabling three German soldiers. A German officer rushed Woodfill and engaged him in hand-to-hand combat, but Woodfill gained the advantage and killed him.

With the threat removed, Woodfill signaled for his company to advance when a second machine gun opened fire. Woodfill ordered his men to charge the emplacement, which was quickly overrun and three Germans captured. His men again resumed their advance only to have a third machine gun open fire. Woodfill ordered another charge. As he approached the machine gun he opened fire with his rifle, disabling five German soldiers. Woodfill was first to reach the gun emplacement and entered the bunker pit. He discharged all the shots in his pistol without hitting either of the two soldiers manning the position. He then seized a nearby pick axe and clubbed the two soldiers to death.

Mustard gas had become heavy in the area during the fighting and Woodfill and his men began to suffer under its effect. As the symptoms worsened, Woodfill ordered his men to withdraw to the allied battle line. None of his men died in the fierce fighting, but several, including Woodfill, were hospitalized in Bordeaux after their retreat. Woodfill saw no more action for the remainder of the war and remained in medical care for several weeks while he received treatment for the effects of the poisonous gas. His heroics earned him a number of decorations, but he would suffer from weakened lungs for the rest of his life.

Post war
Woodfill was promoted to captain in the Infantry on March 25, 1919. Unfortunately for Woodfill, the Army was in the process of a major drawdown after the First World War and Woodfill was discharged on October 31, 1919. He re-enlisted as a sergeant on November 24 and was later promoted to master sergeant.

Along with Alvin York and others, Woodfill was picked in 1921 to serve as a pallbearer for the Unknown Soldier. He was regarded as one of the country's great heroes of World War I, but apparently struggled to make a living after the war.

Despite his honors, Woodfill—on a sergeant's salary—struggled to pay his bills and to pay off the mortgage on his Fort Thomas home. Woodfill took a job in 1922 as a $6-a-day carpenter working on the Ohio River dam project at Silver Grove. Ned Hastings, manager of the Keith Theater in Cincinnati, sent pictures of Woodfill working at the dam site to New York City. There, a theatrical group involved in charitable work raised money to pay off the mortgage on Woodfill's Fort Thomas home and to pay up an insurance policy.

Woodfill retired from the Army as a master sergeant on December 24, 1923. He was promoted to the rank of captain on the retired list by an act of Congress on May 7, 1932.

Later life
In 1924, an effort was made by some independent Democrats to encourage Woodfill to run for the United States Congress and challenge Democratic incumbent Arthur B. Rouse. A Kentucky Post account on April 16, 1924, said Woodfill had expressed an interest in Congress while attending a reception in Washington, D.C., three years before during the dedication of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. When Woodfill was proposed as a candidate for Congress, he was out of town doing promotional work for American Legion posts in Massachusetts. Mrs. Woodfill, contacted at her home in Fort Thomas, downplayed the idea. She said when her husband was first contacted to participate in the dedication event, he had expressed reluctance, saying, "I'm tired of being a circus pony. Every time there is something doing they trot me out to perform."

Mrs. Woodfill said her husband disliked public events because he was basically a bashful person who did not enjoy the glare of public attention. She added, though, "My husband may not have the education of a lawyer, scholar or the like, but if reputation, honesty, service and truth were the only requisite, he is amply qualified to fill the high position to which his friends would elect him." Upon his return to northern Kentucky, Woodfill quickly put an end to candidate speculation, saying he wanted no part of elected office.

Locally, Woodfill remained a celebrity. In October 1924, a life-size painting of Woodfill was presented to Woodfill Elementary School by Mrs. Woodfill. The painting was to hang in the school along with copies of his citations and a brief history of his life. And in October 1928, Woodfill and his wife were the special guests of honor at the Greater Cincinnati Industrial Exposition. That account said Woodfill was living in retirement on a farm in Campbell County. A later account said Woodfill had purchased about 60 acre of farm land between Silver Grove and Flagg Springs in rural Campbell County in 1925, with the vision of planting apple and peach trees. A report on July 24, 1929, said many of the trees died, so Woodfill purchased more trees. The account said he worked hard trying to make the orchard into a paying business, but the orchard never became a success.

By 1929, Woodfill found himself with a $2,000 debt. To keep from losing the farm, the 46-year-old Woodfill took a job as a watchman at the Newport Rolling Mill on July 15, 1929—working daily 2–11 p.m. Woodfill was still working as a guard at the Andrews Steel plant in Newport and living at his home in Fort Thomas when the U.S. entered World War II, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

His autobiography, Woodfill of the Regulars, which was ghostwritten by Lowell Thomas, was published in 1929.

In May 1942, Woodfill and Alvin C. York—himself a highly decorated World War I veteran from Tennessee—were commissioned Army majors. Woodfill told a Kentucky Times-Star reporter at the time he was not aware the Army was going to give him the commission, which he termed a pleasant surprise. Woodfill was 59 and the Army commissions were part of a national campaign to boost national spirit and enlistments. Woodfill was later featured in an Army publicity picture, which showed him firing a rifle at Fort Benning, Georgia. Woodfill apparently spent most of the war as an instructor in Birmingham, Alabama.

His wife Lorena died March 26, 1942, at Christ Hospital in Cincinnati. One account said she was buried in Falmouth. In 1944, Woodfill again resigned from the Army, and he retired to a farm near Vevay in Switzerland County, Indiana. Because his wife was dead, Woodfill decided not to return to Fort Thomas.

In a 1978 Kentucky Post story, Agatha Sackstedder, who grew up in a house across the street from the Woodfills, described Mrs. Woodfill as tall and elegant. She added that cookies and a big bowl of fresh fruit were always on the family table. She said the Woodfills had no children and Mrs. Woodfill seemed to enjoy having a young girl visit her. Mrs. Sackstedder described Woodfill as a strong looking, very tall man with a ruddy, happy looking face.

Death and burial
Woodfill was found dead at the Indiana farm on August 13, 1951, at the age of 68. He apparently had died of natural causes several days before he was found. Neighbors said they had not missed him because he had talked of going to Cincinnati to buy plumbing supplies. Despite his Indiana roots, a Kentucky Post editorial on August 15, 1951, called Woodfill "one of the greatest soldiers produced by the Bluegrass state."

Woodfill was initially buried in the Jefferson County Cemetery near Madison, Indiana. But through the efforts of Indiana Congressman Earl Wilson, Woodfill's body was removed and buried at Arlington National Cemetery in October 1955. His grave can be found in Section 34, Grave 642.

Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: First Lieutenant, U.S. Army, Company M, 60th Infantry, 5th Division. Place and date: At Cunel, France; 12 October 1918. Entered service at: Bryantsburg Indiana. Birth: January 6, 1883; Jefferson County, Indiana. General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 16 (January 22, 1919).

Citation:

"While he was leading his company against the enemy, First Lieutenant Woodfill's line came under heavy machinegun fire, which threatened to hold up the advance. Followed by two soldiers at 25 yards, this officer went out ahead of his first line toward a machinegun nest and worked his way around its flank, leaving the two soldiers in front. When he got within ten yards of the gun it ceased firing, and four of the enemy appeared, three of whom were shot by First Lieutenant Woodfill. The fourth, an officer, rushed at First Lieutenant Woodfill, who attempted to club the officer with his rifle. After a hand-to-hand struggle, First Lieutenant Woodfill killed the officer with his pistol. His company thereupon continued to advance, until shortly afterwards another machinegun nest was encountered. Calling on his men to follow, First Lieutenant Woodfill rushed ahead of his line in the face of heavy fire from the nest, and when several of the enemy appeared above the nest he shot them, capturing three other members of the crew and silencing the gun. A few minutes later this officer for the third time demonstrated conspicuous daring by charging another machinegun position, killing five men in one machinegun pit with his rifle. He then drew his revolver and started to jump into the pit, when two other gunners only a few yards away turned their gun on him. Failing to kill them with his revolver, he grabbed a pick lying nearby and killed both of them. Inspired by the exceptional courage displayed by this officer, his men pressed on to their objective under severe shell and machinegun fire."

Military awards
Woodfill's military decorations and awards include: Note: Major Woodfill's injuries suffered in gas attacks made him eligible to receive the Purple Heart, but there is no evidence he ever received the decoration. This is possibly because he was retired from the Army when the Purple Heart was established in 1932.

Other honors
An elementary school in Ft. Thomas, Kentucky, is named for him. The Fort Polk post headquarters building is named after him. In 2009, the Indiana War Memorial renamed a meeting room in honor of him.

title: Samuel Woodfill


text:
Rein Lang

Rein Lang (born 4 July 1957) is an Estonian politician, a member of the Estonian Reform Party since 1995, and a diplomat. He was the Minister of Culture in Andrus Ansip's third cabinet until his resignation.

Personal life
Lang was born at Tartu. His father was appointed to work at the Soviet embassy in Helsinki; consequently, Rein Lang grew up partly in Finland, becoming a fluent speaker of Finnish. He has championed Finnish-Estonian relations. Lang received elementary and high school education in Tallinn English College (then known as 7th High School of Tallinn) and graduated cum laude from the University of Tartu in 1980, acquiring a degree in law.

Lang cohabits with Ulvi Kuusk, whom he met in 1979, and as of 2007 has one teenage daughter.

Career
In the later years of the Soviet Union, starting in 1986, Lang worked in the entertainment business. He was a deputy director of the Linnahall and in 1989 became a deputy director of the club 'Muusik' (Estonian for 'Musician'). In 1990, he became CEO of AS Laulusillad (Estonian for Song Bridges), and from 1991–2001 served at various positions in AS Trio LSL along with Hans H. Luik, establishing and running the first politically independent radio station in post-Soviet Estonia, Radio Kuku. Over the next several years, Lang launched two more radio stations: Radio Uuno, a music-only radio station, and the Russian language Radio Tallinn (later renamed Radio 100). In 2002, Lang and Luik sold their radio interest to their then co-partner from the United States, Metromedia International Group Inc.

During his years at Radio Kuku, Lang regularly appeared on talk shows, gaining considerable reputation as a political commentator. His most popular programme, the weekly 'Midday Hour' (Keskpäevatund), has become legendary, and a subject of a number of jokes mostly associated with Valdo Jahilo. 'Of the state of the state' (Olukorrast riigis) was also popular.

Following his departure from the media business, Lang served as deputy mayor of Tallinn from 2001 to 2003 and was a member of Riigikogu from 2003 to 2005. He served as the Deputy Speaker of Riigikogu and chairman of its European Affairs Committee. In 2005, Lang was the Minister of Foreign Affairs for two months, from February to April. With the resignation of Juhan Parts, the prime minister at that time, a new cabinet was proposed by Andrus Ansip; there, Lang served as the Minister of Justice, a position he officially took when the new cabinet took an oath on 12 April 2005. As the Estonian Minister of Justice, Lang was involved in the Constitutional Pilsener project.

From 21 May 2009 to 4 June 2009 he was also the acting Minister of the Interior.

Press enemy of 2004
In 2004, the Estonian Newspaper Association (Eesti Ajalehtede Liit) labelled Lang the 'Year's Press Enemy'. The explanation provided in the press release cited Lang's snobbish attitude towards the press, exemplified by an email response in which Lang asked a county newspaper's correspondent to "not bother" him with any more requests for information. Lang has disputed this characterisation, and implied that Toomas Leito, leader of the Estonian Newspaper Association, was following a policy of "lynching Negroes".

Controversial "Delfi bill"
In autumn of 2005, Lang initiated a bill that would have allowed penalising web portals for anonymous comments left by their visitors. The bill, nicknamed the "Delfi bill" (Delfi eelnõu) after the Estonian web portal Delfi.ee, which is commonly associated with offensive user comments, was widely criticised and ended up rejected by the Riigikogu. Among other concerns, critics commonly pointed out that Delfi belonged to a media concern competing with AS Trio LSL, and questioned the minister's neutrality. The bill became law in June 2006.

The first lawsuit involving the Delfi bill was brought by Leo Pulst in late 2008.

Birthday party controversy
On 4 July 2007 Rein Lang celebrated his 50th birthday at a beer restaurant in Tartu, Estonia. The party featured a performance of the play Adolf, an award-winning anti-fascist drama by Pip Utton, featuring a Nazi banner as a stage prop. In an additional note on the invitation Lang pointed out that the event was not intended as a fancy dress party; specifically, guests would not be expected to arrive in uniforms or bearing Nazi symbols. The Russian media spun this event as the minister "decorating his birthday with swastikas", citing an Estonian newspaper which recalled a scandal that happened three years ago, when Prince Harry had a swastika on his sleeve during a birthday party.

This distortion was widely covered in the Estonian news media. The Nochnoy Dozor group has, in Russian media, made calls for the Minister of Justice to resign over the event. In an explanatory opinion article, Lang stated "The Republic of Estonia has condemned Nazi crimes and my birthday was attended by people who, without exception, despise fascism." Trivimi Velliste, speaking on TV3, has called Russian media's distorted coverage of this incident a case of psychological warfare.

"Wikigate" incident
On 23 July 2007 Lang's article on English Wikipedia was edited by a user identifying as "Kairioun", removing a large section on Lang's birthday controversy. After these deletions were consistently reverted, another user by the alias of Gerog112 performed a similar deletion many times, resulting in a 24-hour restriction of editing privileges (sometimes mistakenly reported as a three-month restriction), and made a number of bizarre statements in Estonian. News media quickly traced the user Kairioun to Kairi Õun, an advisor of Lang, leading to considerable coverage of the incident, which Henrik Roonemaa, in an analysis session in Tehnokratt, dubbed "Wikigate". Gerog112's real life identity remains unknown.

title: Rein Lang


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jason Frost

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 14:52, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Jason Frost
See related entries Votes for deletion/Blue Moon & Company, Votes for deletion/Love Junkies. Non-notable, vanity, possible hoax. Searches for "Blue Moon & Company," "Love Junkies," and "Jason Frost" at allmusic.com turn up zilch. Android79 02:53, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)

PLEASE READ FIRST:

Wikipaedia decision maker. Jason Frost was a Sunshine Bandmember withMajor label, KC & Sunshine Band, as well as an important part of rock n roll history in Olympia-Seattle area, who continues to create music for his devoted fans like myself. You can check here, as well as the many, many, links thoughout this page on his newspaper articles, press, artist pages, and movie film database on major film, etc. He is notable. Android79 has done nothing but angered me and played games and muddied up this page.

A search for "jason frost kc & sunshine band" turned up folowwing results: MTV listings: http://www.mtv.com/movies/person/337491/personmain.jhtml

(The star next to his name means he is notable to MTV!!!)

Wikipaedia requires for a band or artist personality to be listed he must have been a member of a notable band, KC & Sunshine Band, had hits like "get down tonight" and others. His being a memebr of this band makes him notable, even though I find this the least notable of his accomplishments. I vote to KEEP! - Timk

He did not fill in, he was member of band, that was my mistake from earlier post when I said filled in. He was touring performer.

(again apologize for the muddled up page which follows, in between are some good links for verification)

GO AHEAD AND KEEP DELETING ON YOUR DELETENG SPREE ANDROID79, WIKIPAEDIA AUTHORS WILL SOON FIND THAT YOU ARE JUST DELETING ON RANDOM SPREE WITH NO BASIS - SEE ANDROIDS PROFILE, they have contributed nothing to wikipaedia except to go around voting to delete stuff, many have contributed over years in building and writing!

''User:Tim k pasted my profile page here; follow the link if you really care. Please don't do that any more, Tim.'' Android79 05:55, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, not notable, artist vanity. Megan1967 04:02, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

VOTE TO DISREGARD: See below, even after providing facts, Android79 will not back down or change mind, obviously personal, also read androids profile, makes a habit of actively seeking bands and artsist to delete. Sounds fishy to me. Like they are just looking and itching to delete the hard work many of have contributed over many years on an artist or band they find notable. I don't think I will be using wikipaedia anymore because of stuff like this. I actually came on here 2nite and was going to add some newer updates and stuff to one of my favorite artists pages- but I change my mind after this. Not worth the ffort when people can just delete on a whim everyones efforts and contributions. (Note: This unsigned comment is by User:Tim k, who inserted it between User:Megan1967's vote and her signature) ''User:Android79 pasted name here; trying to lay cliam that I was changing people vites, which was not true. Please don't do that any more, Android!'' User:Timk 05:55, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * That's not what the page history says. Please stop deleting my comments. Android79 06:09, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, all of them. DaveTheRed 04:12, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for not verifiably meeting the Notability and Music Guidelines. If he was truly an important part of the Olympia scene, I would change my vote, but I can't verify this. Tuf-Kat 05:07, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

See his write up on Jason Frost of Love Junkies in Olympia, WA newspaper. http://www.theolympian.com/home/news/20040507/living/44466_Printer.shtml (scroll middle of article) - Timk

 * Keep Keep. I have been longtime fan and can verify this information, also do a web search on google or sumthin, hes listed everywhere, but AMG only listed major label artists, not indies -he has only recently signed to bigger label, and sunshine bandmember in like 2000-2002 so perhaps he will be listed soon? - Timk

Also he began and started out renting warehouse space formerly rented by nirvana and was roomates and shared practice space and lived with John Wozniak of Marcy Playground in heart of the grunge scene in Washington state, also was promoter in NW Washington innovating new type shows like phunky phat 95, and has gone on to do national charity tours such as ROCK FOR CHRISTMAS rock4xmas.com which brings gifts and money to homeless and those less fortunate each year.

Do your research before deleting!

(Jason Frost may not be in Allmusic, but is in Internet Movie Film Database as Sunshine Bandmember)

He was member of KC & Sunshine Band and appeared in movie The "In-Laws" featuring Michael Douglas and Albert Brooks in credits as Sunshine Bandmember:

See profile: http://imdb.com/name/nm1378332/

Full credits: http://imdb.com/title/tt0314786/fullcredits (scroll mid page)

Also, has album and release on Statue Records Group label by band called "Jason Frost & The Love Junkies" (formerly Blue Moon & Company) --Tim k (Frostfan)

 * Comment. Notwithstanding, let's take these one by one:
 * do a web search on google or sumthin, hes listed everywhere
 * The first six hits or so on Google for "jason frost" "love junkies" are either text that is mysteriously like what shows up in the Wikipedia article, search engine black holes, or bogus press releases. It seems to me that Frost or someone who really cares about promoting his music is laying down a whole lot of astroturf.
 * he has only recently signed to bigger label, perhaps he will be listed soon?
 * Provide a verification of this fact and it might help.
 * started out renting warehouse space formerly rented by nirvana
 * I went to high school with the Dahm triplets. Do I deserve my own Wikipedia entry?
 * Note: 66.32.81.97 deleted this comment 23:56, Feb 28, 2005 Android79 05:59, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

I DELETED IT BECAUSE WHAT DOES YOU GOINF TO HIGH SCHOOL WITH SOME BAND I NEVER HEARD OF HAVE TO DO WITH JAMMING WITH MARCY PLAYRGROUND AND NIRVANA IN BAND ALLEY? (fans are interested in this sort of historic information)The same way that they are interested that Kurt Cobain hung out in the studios while Metal Church recorded there first album "In The Dark",,, I was just deleting your irrelevant and smug remarks.- Tim K

 * was roomates and shared practice space with John Wozniak of Marcy Playground
 * How is this any more than name-dropping? AFAIK, Marcy Playground is pretty much a one-hit wonder. Sharing practice space with this band is somehow notable?
 * also was promoter in NW innovating new type shows like phunky phat 95,
 * Google for "phunky phat 95" yields yet more from the same sites as the earlier search.
 * and has gone on to do national charity tours such as rock4xmas.com which brings gifts and money to homelss and those less fortunate each year
 * rock4xmas.com doesn't list any kind of Junkies. Granted, I didn't poke around the site that long, as it made my eyes bleed. If I'm mistaken, please correct me.
 * Sorry if this seems a bit harsh, but after dealing with the vandalism and yet another entry on the Love Junkies, well, you get the idea. Android79 04:30, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

HE IS LISTED AS JASON FROST, UNDER SPONSORS LOVE JUNKIES ALBUM COVER IS LISTED -- READ THE NAME SOF PEOPLE ASSOCIATED WITH THIS - NO SMALL FARE.

Also he began and started out practicing with John Wozniak of Marcy Playground (jamming in same warehouse space formerly as Nirvana with his band Blue Moon splitting the unit with Marcy Playground to jam---they also shared a giutarist). He was also promoter in NW innovating new type shows like phunky phat 95 bringing hip hop and alternative music together and he has gone on to do national charity tours such as rock4xmas.com working with some pretty notable celebrities like members from Anthrax, WASP, Great White, Quiet Riot, Badfinger, Blue Oyster Cult and others. They bring gifts and money to homeless and those less fortunate each year.

Do your research before deleting! (He is notable)

(a bit on his history and where and what he is up to now) http://www.emediawire.com/releases/2004/11/prweb182783.php
 * Yet another bogus press release. Android79 04:34, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

WHY DO YOU SAY ALL THIS STUFF IS BOGUS? I ATTENDED ONE OF THE SHOWS!!! WHO ARE YOU ANDROID79 THAT YOU WOUDL DISCREDIT A PERSONS WHOLE LIFE AND CAREER? SIMPLY BECAUSE HE IS UNCONVENTIONAL AND INDEPENDANT FREE THNKER WHO IS NOT CONTROLLED BY MASS MEDIA??? I THINK YOU GOT PROBLEMS OR HAVE PERSONAL VENDETTA WITH THIS ARTIST AND BAND. HIS LISTING HAS BEEN ON HERE FOR YEARS. I RECOMMEND THIS DELETION REQUEST BE REMOVED. IT IS INSULTING TO THIS ARTIST AND HIS FANS. I AM GOING TO EMAIL A COPY OF THIS PAGE TO HIS WEBSITE OR POST ON HIS BAND's BBS A COPY OF THIS NONSENSE.
 * It's bogus because anyone can submit a press release that says whatever they want it to. Android79 04:57, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Personal vendetta? Certainly not. Provide some verifiable information that shows that the subject is somehow notable and I'm sure that it will remain on Wikipedia without any problems. Android79 04:57, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

IT DOES CONFORM TO MUSIC GUIDELINES - Tim k

 * Delete. No allmusic.com entry. One credit in IMDB does not equal notability.  Gamaliel 04:54, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

I have provided more notable info and links than you could provide discredits---as I said and YOU deleted and VANDALIZED MY post. I said being on major film credits with Michael Douglas and Albert Brooks and a member of KC & SUNSHINE BAND, also in film, is pretty frickin notable if you ask me...also every other thing and link abotu this artist is notable. I have followed this artist for years. I coudl go on and on... but why try...its obvious that wikipaedia is no longer aplace to find juicy tidbits and obscure info...its becoming ruined by people likeyou deleteing information that took others years to compile and post here on what they obviously found to be notable. - Tim k
 * Please, read the notability guidelines for musicians. They're not hard and fast rules, but Frost comes nowhere near meeting any of them. I doubt whether a role as what basically amounts to an extra in a single movie really counts for much, either. Also, if I deleted all or part of your posts, it was inadvertent, as we were editing this page concurrently. Android79 05:16, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Your original argument has been refuted

Non-notable,

I have given links to websites, press, newspapers, charity sites with bands and concerts he has worked to promote. Also if not being a part of the initial grunge movement and playing and hanging with all those bands in the early grunge days in independantg rock scene is not notable or interesting WTF? Also I provided major film and verifiable proof that he went on to be part of KC & SUNSHINE band- wikipaedia rules says if you are memebr of major band through major label even for short time than you satisfy listign requirement. I personally find this as his least notable accomplishment, but that alone suffices and satisfies wikipaedia placement.

vanity,

I am sure if you check the articles on frost and his bands, and otehr stuff probably had multiple authors as I have witness the articles here on him change over the years -- he has had listign long time. Are you smoking peyote?

possible hoax

Hoax,

This is a musician with long verifiable history, what kind of hoax can this be? he has been around before wikipaedia even existed!!!

GO HERE AND CLOSE THSI ISSUE ONCE AND FOR ALL!!! http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=jason+frost+kc+%26+sunshine+band
 * If you put quotation marks around "jason frost" in that search, you go from 430 distinct google hits to 16. And most of those are references to his bit part. Nice try, but still non-notable DaveTheRed 08:22, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A "driving force behind the underground alternative rock scene of the early 1990s"?  What utter crap.  Postdlf 06:06, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

I THOUGHT WIKIPAEDIA WAS ABOUT EDITING AND FIXING AND DEFINING THINGS CLOSER TO THEIR TRUE ESSENSE WITH EACH EDIT. WHY DELETE---EDIT AND EXPAND UPON. IF SOMETHING DOES NOT SEEM RIGHT FIX-BUT DO NOT DELETE A VALID ENTRY BECAUSE AN OVER ZEALOUS FAN MAY HAVE PUT SOMETHING IN YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH! - Timk

 * Delete. Not-notable.  --BM 12:48, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: So... this legendary alternative rock singer is notable because he was a member of the mainstream pop-disco group KC & the Sunshine Band?  No change in vote. Tuf-Kat 13:02, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * DELETE and ban this vandal. Binadot 13:23, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * User:66.32.171.2 has deleted the Vfd header at both this article and Love Junkies. RickK 07:16, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)

I am the user that deleted Vfd tags. I apologize, I am new here. There was some confusion about Vfd tags being deleted after 5 days. I thought anyone could delete after 5 days, although discussion still continues in here on vfd pages. It is recommended vfd deletion rule pages add specifically who is authorized to do this as it was unclear -- hence the accidental deletion. It was only done out of respect for the artists concerned. Please research and confirm updates on Artists profile. All information can be verified either through Publisher or ASCAP. This unsigned comment is from User:66.32.171.2. Android79 13:57, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Well, given that the VfD notice itself says "don't delete me," and that the VfD policy page is pretty clear on what happens after the 5 days are up, I really don't understand the confusion. Feel free to leave a comment over at the policy page, though. Anyway... Google for "Statue Records" and one of the first hits is whether or not the label is a scam. Indeed, the Love Junkies appear to have released a record on this label of undetermined notability and reputation, but even so, the subject still does not meet the letter or the spirit of the notability guidelines for musicians. Android79 13:51, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Anthony Gonzalez

Anthony (or Tony) Gonzalez (or Gonzales) may refer to:

 * Anthony Gonzalez (actor) (born 2004), American actor
 * Anthony Gonzalez (politician) (born 1984), American politician from Ohio and former football wide receiver
 * Anthony Gonzalez (musician) (born 1980), French musician and creator of M83
 * Tony Gonzalez (born 1976), former American football tight end
 * Tony González (baseball) (born 1936), former Major League Baseball outfielder
 * Tony Gonzales (born 1980), American politician from Texas

title: Anthony Gonzalez


text:
User talk:Dyne~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Images
Thanks for uploading Image:Gundam seed justice.jpeg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images (on my talk page) and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, BrokenSegue 02:48, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Gundam seed raider.jpeg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Gundam seed raider.jpeg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. This is an automated message from BJBot 20:08, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Gundam seed forbidden.jpeg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Gundam seed forbidden.jpeg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. This is an automated message from BJBot 20:08, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Gundam_seed_justice.jpeg
Thanks for uploading Image:Gundam_seed_justice.jpeg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00 09:01, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Image:Gundam_seed_freedom.jpeg
I have tagged Image:Gundam_seed_freedom.jpeg as a disputed use of non-free media, because there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please clarify your fair use rationale on the image description page. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00 09:01, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Gundam seed destiny.jpeg
 Thanks for uploading File:Gundam seed destiny.jpeg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude2 (talk) 04:06, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Gundam seed freedom.jpeg
 Thanks for uploading File:Gundam seed freedom.jpeg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

PLEASE NOTE:

 * I am a bot, and will therefore not be able to answer your questions.
 * I will remove the request for deletion if the file is used in an article once again.
 * If you receive this notice after the image is deleted, and you want to restore the image, click here to file an un-delete request.
 * To opt out of these bot messages, add  to your talk page.
 * If you believe the bot has made an error, please turn it off here and leave a message on my owner's talk page.

Thank you. DASHBot (talk) 05:50, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Dyne. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Dyne~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:34, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:23, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dyne~enwiki


text:
Talk:Detroit Electronic Music Festival

Separate entries for Movement/Fuse-In?
If anyone has the time and inclination, it might be worth creating new, distinct pages for Movement and Fuse-In. Users who search for those names at Wikipedia are not likely to be directed to this DEMF entry.
 * Redirects would be sufficient. —mjb 07:46, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Figures
Can someone provide sources proving that the attendance went from 1.5 M in 2000 to less than 45,000 in 2005?
 * Sources were articles in the Detroit Free Press which have since been archived, but are still available through pay services. At the time I linked to the articles, they were still available. One from 2003 had said that city officials admitted the earlier estimates were unreliable. —mjb 07:46, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Also, if no one else gets around to it, I'll eventually rewrite the citations into more than just a URL. In the meantime, try http://web.archive.org/. Also, sign your posts. mjb 07:48, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Carl Craig / Carol Marvin edit war
Come on, folks. Writing in the third person does not make this thing encyclopedic. This article has been hit several times this year by straight-up editorializing. This is not a message board. I encourage other editors to Be Bold and agressively remove controversial statements relating to the roles of Marvin and Craig. I'm not touching it at the moment just for lack of time. —mjb 07:46, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Renaming
Sorry but this entry should be renamed as Detroit's Electronic Music Festival. Check the official website: http://www.demf.com/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by SuburbanKnight (talk • contribs) 20:45, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Early attendance
Attendance figures for the first festivals were initially estimated in the millions, but a Detroit Free Press article (I think) in 2003 had a retraction of these ridiculous numbers. Unfortunately I didn't cite the article at the time, and now I'm having trouble finding it. If someone with access to the DFP archive could please check for it and add a citation, that would be great. It might even still be public; I didn't look too hard. Thanks. —mjb (talk) 14:30, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

Requested move 5 June 2017

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Dr Strauss  talk  18:46, 27 June 2017 (UTC)

Detroit Electronic Music Festival → Movement Electronic Music Festival – It is still colloquially called DEMF as it was called in its initial inaugural years, but since 2006 the official name is now "Movement Electronic Music Festival" or simply "Movement Detroit" Peterljr888 (talk) 20:31, 5 June 2017 (UTC) --Relisting.  Anarchyte  ( work  |  talk )  15:44, 17 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The official name has little relevance, and if it's still colloquially called DEMF it sounds unlikely that a move is justified. Did you read WP:AT as suggested? Andrewa (talk) 07:57, 25 June 2017 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Re: Requested move to "Movement Electronic Music Festival"
The festival is colloquially called DEMF by those who were aware of the festival before the name change in 2002. However since the name change with Paxahau running the festival in 2006, all official event-related material now use the name "Movement Electronic Music Festival" or "Movement Detroit". Many press outlets will mention something along the lines of "Movement Electronic Music Festival (formerly known as DEMF)".

It doesn't make sense for the page to still be listed under Detroit Electronic Music Festival when in fact the event has been called Movement for the last 12 years instead of DEMF when that name was only used for 3 years. The original official website http://www.demf.com/ also no longer exists, the current website is http://movement.us/ and the official social media accounts are all "MovementDetroit".

Additionally in recent years, the original DEMF (2000-2002) organizer Carol Marvin has indicated she wants to relaunch DEMF as a separate festival without any affiliation to Paxahau's Movement. This can be seen here: https://www.facebook.com/DEMFOfficial/. Keeping this page named "Detroit Electronic Music Festival" when it instead refers to Paxahau's Movement Electronic Music Festival will only add to the confusion if Marvin continues with future iterations of the DEMF and FEMT events. Peterljr888 (talk) 02:00, 7 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Detroit Electronic Music Festival. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110715054253/http://www.paxahau.com/pax5/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=83-322-PEOPLE-ATTENDED-MOVEMENT-2009-8-000-lbs-of-recyclable-materials-collected-during-three-day-festival.html&Itemid=127 to http://www.paxahau.com/pax5/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=83-322-PEOPLE-ATTENDED-MOVEMENT-2009-8-000-lbs-of-recyclable-materials-collected-during-three-day-festival.html&Itemid=127
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090523094210/http://www.mpiii.com/demf/ to http://www.mpiii.com/demf/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120313063859/http://artofcombat.org/Convention/demoschedule.htm to http://artofcombat.org/Convention/demoschedule.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070929132419/http://www.bigshotmag.com/news/?p=139 to http://www.bigshotmag.com/news/?p=139

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:10, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Detroit Electronic Music Festival. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131123174514/http://www.realdetroitweekly.com/detroit/united-we-dance/Content?oid=1598294 to http://www.realdetroitweekly.com/detroit/united-we-dance/Content?oid=1598294
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160320153708/http://movement.us/artist/scuba to http://movement.us/artist/scuba

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:35, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

New-old photos
I know CC-licensed photos of old events can be hard to find, so while I was going through some old photos just now, I found some old DEMF material and made sure to upload it to the Commons. I don't want to butcher the page layout by cramming this in there, but: and

Ahh, good ol' Olympus! I miss that camera. Anyway. Have at! Myself248 (talk) 05:08, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Detroit Electronic Music Festival


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Band Alley

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 14:55, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Band Alley
See related entries Votes for deletion/Blue Moon & Company, Votes for deletion/Love Junkies, Votes for deletion/Jason Frost. Non-notable, vanity, possible hoax. Searches for "Blue Moon & Company," "Love Junkies," and "Jason Frost" at allmusic.com turn up zilch, and first and apparently only relevant result for "Band Alley" Google search is this Wikipedia page. Android79 02:52, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, not notable. DaveTheRed 04:16, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 04:22, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for not meeting the Notability and Music Guidelines. Tuf-Kat 05:09, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete along with all the others. Gamaliel 05:00, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)