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Sisler High School

Sisler High School is the second largest high school in the province of Manitoba with over 1,700 students. It was built in 1957 and is named after William James Sisler.

Background
As principal of Strathcona School in the North End of Winnipeg, W.J. Sisler was instrumental in helping new immigrant families adjust. He faced a great challenge in the fact that a majority of the students did not speak English; there were twenty-two countries of origin and eighteen language groups in his student body. In addition, many of his students came from areas where they were deprived of their right to an education. In his book Peaceful Invasion, W.J. Sisler says, "Once they understood the value of education that was freely offered to them they took full advantage of all that we could give them". He adapted the education system for his immigrant students, and the provincial government of Manitoba soon officially adopted his method of teaching. Sisler High School today has a large ESL (English as a Second Language) program.

Awards
Principal George Heshka, who has been principal of Sisler High School since 1980, has overseen the creation of various programs such as the All-Girl classes, the 24-Hour Exile, and the humanitarian groups of Sisler High School.

Chris Bandfield, social studies department head, won Manitoba's Lieutenant Governor's Classroom Teacher Award, of which only one is awarded annually at the secondary level.

In 2011, Sisler High School became one of sixty three schools that was recognized by Microsoft as a Pathfinder School within the Innovative Schools Programme. This accomplishment allowed Sisler to send a group to Washington D.C. to present Sisler's innovative teaching practices around the world.

In March 2005, the school was recognized with the Canadians for a Genocide Museum Educator's Award for its contribution to education on issues surrounding genocide; specifically for its In Exile for a While programme. The school regards this to be a high honor, as it even edged out distinguished co-nominees—retired lieutenant-general, The Honourable Roméo Dallaire, and Inky Mark, Member of Parliament.

Sisler students have won the Harry Hood Memorial trophy twelve times. This trophy is awarded to student athletes who demonstrate outstanding scholastic and citizenship abilities. Sisler students have won this award more times than any other school in the province.

In 2002 Sisler High School's partnership with IBM was recognized with the "Conference Board of Canada RBC Royal Bank Partners in Education" Award.

Accelerated Program
Sisler High School's Accelerated Program allows students to enroll in grade 9 and potentially finish their first year of university by the time they finish their grade 12 year. For the 2024–2025 school year, Sisler High School offers three university courses, in conjunction with the University of Winnipeg and the University of Manitoba. These courses include: Calculus 1, Calculus 2, and English. AP Chemistry, AP Physics, and AP Biology are also offered, as well as many other enriched courses.

French Immersion Programme
The French Immersion Programme allows students to graduate with a French Immersion diploma, and full use of both official languages of Canada. Students enrolled in French Immersion are required to complete 14 credits of French-language courses. Two courses which are not offered in an English equivalent, and are therefore exclusive to French Immersion, are the Communications médiatiques (Media Communications) and Sciences humaines (Political History of the Twentieth Century).

The French Immersion Programme also has compulsory participation in the Canadian Parents for French (CPF) Concours d'art oratoire until the end of grade 10. The Concours d'art oratoire (Contest of the Oratory Art) is a French-language speaking contest in which participants write their own piece on a topic of their choice and perform it in public.

Visual & performing arts department
Sisler High School's Visual & Performing Arts (VPA) Department offers courses in Art, Band (Jazz Band and Concert Band), Choir, Vocal Jazz Choir, Chamber Choir, and Concert Choir), Dance, and Drama.

In 2002–2004, 2006, 2008, and 2013, Sisler High School's choirs have won the Earl Grey Trophy, the highest honor for a school choir in the Winnipeg Music Festival.

On 18 October 2005, four members of Sisler High School's Chamber Choir joined the Winnipeg Boy's Choir to sing "O Canada" at the official welcoming ceremony of Governor General Michaëlle Jean at the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba.

The Sisler's Most Wanted dance troupe has its origins as an all-male dance troupe aimed at preventing crime and has since then grown into a male and female troupe.

On 8 October 2002, Sisler High School's Jazz-Ma-Tazz ensemble and Sisler's Most Wanted dance troupe performed for the Queen of Canada, Elizabeth II, during her visit to Winnipeg as a part of the Golden Jubilee festivities at The Forks.

Athletics
Sisler High School also offers sports such as track, hockey, football, darts, rugby, volleyball, soccer and basketball, cricket, curling, and golf.

Generation Peace
Generation Peace was founded in 2000. They mainly work with war-affected children through "War Child Canada", holding fundraisers for this organization. They have worked with Tsunami relief, Hurricane Katrina relief and Christmas Cheerboard and with the Manitoba Council for International Cooperation to present conferences. Funds and events include:

 * OverSeas Educational Fund (OSEF) was created in 2003. Ultimately, OSEF raises funds and awareness for education overseas. They raise funds to support daycares in the Philippines through International Association for Transformation (IAT) as well as the Village of Hope initiative in Zambia.

 * The In Exile Program., which simulates a refugee experience.

 * The 30 Hour Famine, an annual schoolwide event that raises money for famished and underprivileged children overseas.

 * S.O.S.E.H. The Students of Sisler Environmental Helpers is a program that attempts to reduce Sisler's carbon footprint and improve the school's sustainability.

 * Global Medical Aid, raises funds to provide medical supplies to people in third world countries.

Student groups
Other extracurricular activities are offered at Sisler.

Robotics team
In 2003, the rookie Sisler robotic team entered the Canada F.I.R.S.T. robotics competition. The team won the "President's Cup" for finishing first place overall, including second place in the robot hockey competition.

Notable alumni

 * Lloyd Axworthy, former Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Former Director of the Liu Institute for Global issues at the University of British Columbia, and the Current President of the University of Winnipeg graduated from Sisler High School.
 * Priyanka Dhillon, boxer
 * Gary Filmon, former Premier of Manitoba (1989-1999).
 * Martin Riley (basketball), basketball player
 * Louriza Tronco, actress.

title: Sisler High School


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Virginia Central Railroad

The Virginia Central Railroad was an early railroad in the U.S. state of Virginia that operated between 1850 and 1868 from Richmond westward for 206 mi to Covington. Chartered in 1836 as the Louisa Railroad by the Virginia General Assembly, the railroad began near the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad's line and expanded westward to Orange County, reaching Gordonsville by 1840. In 1849, the Blue Ridge Railroad was chartered to construct a line over the Blue Ridge Mountains for the Louisa Railroad which reached the base of the Blue Ridge in 1852. After a decision from the U.S. Supreme Court, the Louisa Railroad was allowed to expand eastward from a point near Doswell to Richmond.

Renamed as the Virginia Central Railroad in 1850, the railroad bypassed the under construction Blue Ridge Railroad via a temporary track built over Rockfish Gap. This connected the railroad's eastern division with its expanding line across the Blue Ridge in the Shenandoah Valley. Having reached Clifton Forge by 1857, the railroad began operating the completed Blue Ridge Railroad in 1858 and continued preparing for further expansion until the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861. As a prime target for Federal raids by Union Cavalry, the railroad faced significant action against it during the war. Although the war left the railroad with only a fraction of its line left operable, the railroad was running over its entire pre-war length by July 1865.

After the war, both longtime president Edmund Fontaine and former Confederate General Williams Carter Wickham served as president of the Virginia Central and oversaw its expansion towards Covington. The Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad was formed in 1868 from the merger of the Virginia Central Railroad and the Covington and Ohio Railroad, and had expanded westward to the Ohio River by 1873 after new financing from Collis P. Huntington was recruited. The new railroad (reorganized as the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway in 1878) expanded eastward in the 1880s via the Peninsula Subdivision to Newport News. The Chesapeake and Ohio operated for over one hundred years until it was reorganized through merger as CSX Transportation in the 1980s. Today, CSX, Amtrak, and the Buckingham Branch Railroad still use portions of the old Virginia Central line for freight and passenger rail service.

Louisa Railroad
The Virginia General Assembly passed on February 18, 1836, an act to incorporate the Louisa Railroad company to construct a rail line extending from the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad (RF&P) westward. The railroad, as specified by the original charter, was to connect with the RF&P near Taylorsville, at what would become Hanover Junction, and extend westward, passing the Louisa courthouse, to Orange County at the base of the Southwest Mountains. The Virginia Board of Public Works owned two-fifths of the total $300,000 ($0 today) stock sold to finance the railroad's initial construction.

Construction of the Louisa Railroad began in October 1836, reaching the Louisa courthouse by 1839, and by 1840 had reached Gordonsville. The railroad had been planned by its original charter to build across the Blue Ridge Mountains to Harrisonburg, but in 1839, the Commonwealth requested a survey to be conducted to determine a feasible route to Staunton by way of Charlottesville. Ultimately, this route, which passed over the mountains at Rockfish Gap, was chosen as a better alternative than the original plan to cross at Swift Run Gap to the north. In 1847, the charter was modified by the Assembly to provide for the railroad's construction to the eastern base of the Blue Ridge, and in 1849, the Blue Ridge Railroad was chartered to cross the mountains at Rockfish Gap to Waynesboro. Claudius Crozet was appointed Chief Engineer of the Blue Ridge Railroad, and under his leadership and direction, the railroad began construction over the Blue Ridge using a series of four tunnels. Meanwhile, the Louisa Railroad had reached the Rivanna River near Charlottesville by 1850 and by 1852 had reached Mechums River, near the eastern end of the Blue Ridge Railroad.

Operation of the Louisa Railroad was initially handled by the RF&P, beginning with the first operation of a train over Louisa Railroad tracks on December 20, 1837. This condition continued until June 1847, when the Louisa Railroad took over operations.

The eastern terminus of the Louisa Railroad was originally at Hanover Junction (now known as Doswell) with the RF&P Railroad. The charter of that line protected it from construction of a parallel competitor, but an act by the Virginia General Assembly in 1848 authorized the extension of the Louisa Railroad easterly through Hanover and Henrico Counties to reach Richmond. This act was protested by the RF&P for violating the earlier decree of the Assembly against a parallel competitor. The RF&P's claim was originally overturned by a Virginia State Court, which ruled that the Assembly retained the right to authorize construction of other railroads between Richmond and Fredericksburg, and that the original charter of the RF&P only applied to the transportation of passengers. The decision of the court was appealed and eventually reached the U.S. Supreme Court in Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad Company v. Louisa Railroad Company, which ruled in favor of the Louisa Railroad, upholding the state court's decision.

The first president of the Louisa Railroad was Frederick Overton Harris, a native of Louisa County, who served until 1841. After Harris' term, Charles Y. Kimbrough, also from Louisa, served until 1845, when Edmund Fontaine was elected to office upon Kimbrough's death. Edmund Fontaine would continue to serve as president of the Louisa Railroad and its successor until after the American Civil War.

Further expansion as the Virginia Central
While the Blue Ridge Mountain section was being breached, the Louisa Railroad was busy building westward from the western foot of the mountains, across the Shenandoah Valley to Staunton. In January 1850, the Commonwealth authorized the Louisa Railroad to increase its stock in order to build from Staunton to Covington. On February 2, 1850, the Louisa Railroad, having expanded greatly since its beginnings in Louisa and Hanover counties, was renamed as the Virginia Central Railroad.

In order to connect the eastern and western divisions of the railroad at this time divided by the unfinished Blue Ridge Railroad, a temporary track over Rockfish Gap was proposed by the railroad's chief engineer, Charles Ellet, Jr., and by 1854 had been constructed and was in use. Built over and around the under construction Blue Ridge Tunnel, this 4.38 mi track, called the Mountain Track, included steep grades (maximum 5.6% with a ruling grade of 5.3%) and sharp curves (minimum radius of 300 ft), thereby limiting speeds to around 5 - 7 mph. Three small tank locomotives were ordered for the temporary track, one of which was supplied by the Tredegar Iron Works of Richmond, the Joseph R. Anderson, and two from Baldwin Locomotive Works of Philadelphia, the Baldwin and C.R. Mason. A second temporary track 1/2 mi around the Brooksville Tunnel and a third 3/4 mi around Robertson's hollow were also constructed. The temporary tracks successfully joined the railroad and by eliminating the extra cost and effort of removing freight and passengers from trains for transport over the mountains, facilitated further growth and expansion westward.

Construction continued from Staunton through a water gap near Goshen at Great North Mountain by 1855, and had reached Millboro by 1856. This western section of the line included an additional three tunnels, and a temporary track approximately 1.25 mi long was used at Millboro while the tunnel was being completed. By 1857, the railroad had reached a point known as Jackson's River Station, at the foot of the Alleghany Mountains. This location would later be known as Clifton Forge and become a division point for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway.

The temporary track over Rockfish Gap was used until the Blue Ridge Tunnel's opening in April 1858, and the last train to use the temporary track did so on the evening of April 12. That night, the connection with the completed Blue Ridge Railroad was made, and on the morning of the 13th, the mail train was the first train routed through the tunnel. With the tunnel in use, the temporary track was promptly torn up. At the time of the Blue Ridge Tunnel's completion, it was the longest tunnel in the United States and the first tunnel in the country to be completed without the use of vertical shafts. Although the Virginia Central did not own the Blue Ridge Railroad, it was granted the right to operate it from the Commonwealth of Virginia in return for an annual fee.

In 1859, the Virginia Central's line carried 134,883 passengers throughout the year, and hauled 64,177 tons of freight. The road connected Richmond to a point about 10 mi east of Covington, where the proposed Covington and Ohio Railroad would have started, a distance of approximately 195 mi. In February 1853, the Commonwealth of Virginia had chartered the Covington and Ohio Railroad to extend the line completed by the Virginia Central westward across the Alleghany Mountains to the Ohio River. This company began work in 1855 and completed important grading work on the Alleghany grade, including the construction of numerous tunnels, and, to a lesser extent, in the areas around Charleston and the Kanawha River. However, as the American Civil War began in 1861, westward expansion came to a halt and the Covington and Ohio's line remained incomplete.

Civil War
The Virginia Central was one of the most important railroads for the Confederacy during the war, as it linked the fertile Shenandoah farmland of Virginia to Richmond and points eastward, enabling supplies and troops to easily be transported to nearby campaigns. The Blue Ridge tunnels and the Virginia Central were key tools in the fast mobilization of Confederate General Stonewall Jackson's famous "foot cavalry". Soon after the beginning of the war, the Virginia Central contracted with the Confederate States Postal Service, as it had done with the U.S. Postal Service before the war, to carry mail over its line. This service, along with passenger and general goods transport, became less reliable as the transport of military goods and troops took precedence.

As the war progressed, the railroad continually fell into a state of disrepair due to its constant use and the limited availability of supplies for upkeep. Union raids also destroyed many sections of the line, including the majority of the railroad's depots, with notable exceptions for those at Gordonsville and Charlottesville, two key points of trade. The defeat of Jubal Early's forces at Waynesboro led to the destruction of much of the bridges and line between Staunton and Keswick, and as Union armies converged on Richmond, further damage was done to the eastern section of the railroad. By the end of the war, the railroad operated less than 20 mi of track and held only $40 ($0 today) in gold.

During the Peninsula Campaign of 1862, the South Anna River bridge was destroyed by Union cavalry and the Virginia Central's line between Hanover and Atlee was torn up. Although this and numerous other raids caused significant damage, the damage was soon repaired and the line was generally kept in good use. May 1863 saw another raid against the line, during which the Louisa Court House was attacked and the Hanover depot burned. During Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign of 1864, Phillip Sheridan was ordered, along with nearly 8,000 men, to proceed westward to join forces with David Hunter in Charlottesville, destroying as much of the Virginia Central as possible along the way. From Charlottesville, the combined force would advance towards Richmond from the west. Robert E. Lee responded by sending cavalry under the command of Wade Hampton and Fitzhugh Lee, who would meet Sheridan on June 11 at Trevilian Station on the Virginia Central's line. Confederate forces succeeded in pushing Sheridan back, who at 10:00 pm of the 12th withdrew towards the Army of the Potomac. Little damage was done to the tracks during the raid, and the damage was soon repaired and the line returned to operation.

Rebuilding
Reconstruction of the Virginia Central began soon after the Confederacy's collapse, and under the permission of General Edward Ord, repairs commenced on April 21, 1865. Construction of temporary bridges and repairs were made swiftly, enabling trains to run to the Rivanna River by May. Temporary overland stage and wagon routes were set up to bypass inoperable sections of the railroad as repairs were made and provided for the transportation of goods and passengers. By the end of July, trains were able to run to the western terminus of Jackson's River Station. The Virginia Central's rolling stock had suffered throughout the Civil War, and the operable equipment had dwindled to an amount insufficient to provide for demand. To help solve this issue, four locomotives and forty cars were rented from the government at a price of $20 and $2 ($0 and $0 today) each per day respectively. The Beaverdam Depot was rebuilt in 1866.

In November 1865, an election for a new president of the company was held, and former Confederate General Williams Carter Wickham was elected over longtime president Edmund Fontaine by 364 votes. In recognition of Fontaine's dedication and service to the railroad, the stockholders resolved to grant Fontaine and his family free tickets for life. Fontaine was unanimously reelected as president of the company in 1866 and 1867.

Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad
Since before the Civil War, the section of the line between Jackson's River Station and Covington, a distance of about 10 mi, had remained incomplete. This section was necessary for further westward expansion, and by July 31, 1867, the last of the track was laid and placed in operation. Reaching Covington enabled connection with the Covington and Ohio railroad, which at that time was still under construction, and provided for the future merging of the two companies as specified by an act of the Virginia General Assembly passed on March 1, 1867.

On August 31, 1868, the Virginia Central was merged with the Covington and Ohio to form the new Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Railroad (reorganized as the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway in 1878), and Wickham was elected as president. Wickham realized the need to find adequate financing to resume the westward work through the challenging mountainous terrain, as the Virginia Board of Public Works was no longer in a position to help as it had in the past. After failing in the impoverished southern states and with British investors, Wickham found new capital and financing by recruiting Collis P. Huntington, one of the so-called "Big Four", a group of businessmen who had recently completed the western portion of the transcontinental railroad. Under Huntington's leadership, and with millions in new financing from New York City, westward construction resumed in 1868.

Having long paid tolls for the use of the state-owned Blue Ridge Railroad, the C&O arranged to purchase the line from the Commonwealth of Virginia and assumed full ownership on April 1, 1870. In all, the Virginia Central and the C&O paid around $900,000 ($0 today) to the Commonwealth, including both the purchase price and previous fees for use, which was significantly less than the Commonwealth's expenditure of $1,694,870.85 ($0 today) in building the line.

Construction of the old Covington and Ohio line began from Huntington, West Virginia on the western end and Covington on the eastern end, and progressed towards the middle. By July 1869, construction of the line westward had reached White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, and with the use of three temporary tracks around two unfinished tunnels and an embankment, the entire line of 227 mi from Richmond to White Sulphur Springs could be traveled. In August 1871, a locomotive named the Greenbrier was floated down the Ohio River to aid in the construction of the line from the western side. The final spike ceremony for the 428 mi long line from Richmond to the Ohio River was held on January 29, 1873, at Hawk's Nest railroad bridge in the New River Valley, near the town of Ansted in Fayette County, West Virginia. The last spike was driven by C.R. Mason, who had also driven the first spike of the Louisa Railroad and had held various positions over the course of the Virginia Central's and C&O's history.

Huntington was also aware of the potential to ship eastbound coal from West Virginia's untapped natural resources with the completion of the new railroad. His agents began acquiring property in Warwick County in eastern Virginia. In the 1880s, he oversaw the extension of the C&O's new Peninsula Subdivision, which extended from the Church Hill Tunnel in Richmond southeast down the peninsula through Williamsburg to Newport News, where the company developed coal piers on the harbors of Hampton Roads and Newport News.

The Richmond and Alleghany Railroad, which ran from Clifton Forge to Richmond following the James River and the old James River and Kanawha Canal, was merged into the Chesapeake and Ohio in 1889. On this line, trains descended nearly 1000 ft in elevation to Richmond following the path of the river. The addition of the "James River Line" allowed the C&O to avoid the heavier grades of the old Virginia Central's line to the north and became the principal artery of eastbound coal transportation down to the present day, with the earlier Virginia Central line used for westbound empty hoppers. From the convergence of the lines in Richmond, both eastbound and westbound coal trains utilized the Peninsula Subdivision through Williamsburg to service the coal piers in the East End of Newport News.

Modern times and other uses
After the Chesapeake and Ohio was consolidated with several other large railroads in the 1980s to form CSX Transportation, the line built by the Virginia Central from Staunton to Clifton Forge was considered for abandonment. CSX, however, decided to keep the line in order to route empty coal trains westward, which, although intended for times of excess traffic, has become common practice. In addition to CSX, portions of the old Virginia Central line are in use by Amtrak's Cardinal from Gordonsville to Clifton Forge, and the Buckingham Branch Railroad, a Virginia-based short-line railroad that leases the line from CSX. The line will also be used for the Amtrak Commonwealth Corridor connecting Newport News to Richmond, Charlottesville, Roanoke, and Lynchburg starting mid-late 2020s.

Many years after the original Virginia Central became part of the Chesapeake and Ohio in 1868, another railroad between Fredericksburg and Orange used the name "Virginia Central." The Potomac, Fredericksburg & Piedmont Railroad Company (PF&P) operated 38 mi of 3 ft gauge railroad between Fredericksburg (with a connection to the RF&P Railroad) and Orange (with a connection to the Orange & Alexandria Railroad). It operated as narrow gauge until 1926, when the line was standard gauged and the name changed to the Virginia Central Railway. In 1937, the entire line was abandoned except for a 1 mi segment in Fredericksburg which lasted until 1984.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Virginia Central Railroad


text: Template:Albuquerque, New Mexico

title: Template:Albuquerque, New Mexico


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Paul Connaughton Snr

Paul Connaughton Snr (born 6 June 1944) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as Minister of State for Land Structure and Development from 1982 to 1987. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Galway East constituency from 1981 to 2011. He also served as a Senator for the Agricultural Panel from 1977 to 1981.

Connaughton was born in Mountbellew, County Galway. He was educated at St. Jarlath's Vocational School, Mountbellew, and Mountbellew Agricultural College where he did an IMI Management Course. Connaughton first held political office in 1979, when he became a member of Galway County Council. He served on that authority on two occasions between 1979 and 1985, and again from 1991 to 2003.

He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1975 Galway North-East by-election and the 1977 general election. He was elected to Seanad Éireann as a Senator for the Agricultural Panel in 1977. Connaughton was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1981 general election as a Fine Gael TD for Galway East, and was returned at every subsequent election until his retirement in 2011. Between 1982 and 1987, Fine Gael were in government and Connaughton served as Minister of State at the Department of Agriculture with special responsibility for Land Structure and Development. Following the parties return to opposition, he was Fine Gael Spokesperson on Energy and Western Development and Chairman of the Political Affairs Committee between 1993 and 1997.

Between 1997 and 2000, he was Spokesman on Agriculture and Food. He was Fine Gael front bench Spokesperson on Marine, Natural Resources and Energy from June 2000 to February 2001. In Enda Kenny's Front Bench reshuffle in 2004 Connaughton became Spokesperson on Regional Development and Regional Affairs. He has also served as spokesman on a range of portfolios including Agriculture; Social Welfare; Defence and Tourism; and Older People during his political career.

His daughter Sinead Connaughton was a member of Galway County Council representing the Tuam local electoral area from 2003–2009. His son Paul Connaughton Jnr was elected to Galway County Council at the 2009 local elections representing the Ballinasloe local electoral area.

He was party Deputy spokesperson on Foreign Affairs with special responsibility for the Irish diaspora from 2010 to 2011.

He retired from politics at the 2011 general election. His son Paul Connaughton Jnr served as a Fine Gael TD for Galway East from 2011 to 2016.

title: Paul Connaughton Snr


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Rhéal Cormier

Rhéal Paul Cormier (April 23, 1967 – March 8, 2021) was a Canadian-American professional baseball left-handed pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB), for the St. Louis Cardinals, Boston Red Sox (twice), Montreal Expos, Philadelphia Phillies, and Cincinnati Reds for 16 seasons, between 1991 through 2007.

He was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in the Class of 2012.

Early life
Cormier was born in Moncton, New Brunswick, on April 23, 1967. His parents were Ronald and Jeanette Cormier; they were of Acadian descent. Cormier attended Polyvalente Louis-J.-Robichaud in his hometown. He went on to study at the Community College of Rhode Island, earning All-American honours in 1987 and 1988. Cormier pitched for the Canadian national baseball team at the 1987 Pan American Games and the 1988 Olympics. He was subsequently drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the sixth round of the 1988 Major League Baseball draft.

Professional career
Cormier made his major league debut on August 15, 1991. He was the St. Louis Cardinals' starting pitcher against the New York Mets, going six innings, giving up one earned run, and striking out two. He pitched for St. Louis through the 1994 season. On April 9, 1995, St. Louis traded Cormier and Mark Whiten to the Boston Red Sox for Cory Bailey and Scott Cooper. In Boston, Cormier split time as a starter and a reliever. He had a 4.07 earned run average (ERA) in 1995.

Following the 1995 season, the Red Sox traded Cormier with Shayne Bennett and Ryan McGuire to the Montreal Expos for Wil Cordero and Bryan Eversgerd. He only played in one game for the Expos in 1997, suffering an injury on April 5, 1997, in a game against the Colorado Rockies where he gave up five runs in $1 1/3$ innings. The injury required Tommy John surgery and he transitioned to the bullpen for the remainder of his career starting in 1999.

In 1998, he signed as a free agent with the Cleveland Indians and began the year in the minor leagues before shoulder problems ended his season.

In 1999, Cormier signed a free agent deal to return to Boston. In two seasons, he made 124 appearances for the Red Sox, all of which came in relief. After the 2000 season, the Philadelphia Phillies signed the reliever as a free agent. In the next six seasons with the Phillies (his longest tenure with any major league team), Cormier had his most successful years. In 2003, he logged $84 2/3$ innings and a career-best ERA of 1.70. In 2004, he made 84 appearances, a career high. Cormier was the last Phillies pitcher to record a win at Veterans Stadium in 2003 and the first to record one at the new Citizens Bank Park in 2004. On July 31, 2006, Cormier was traded by Philadelphia to the Cincinnati Reds for pitching prospect Justin Germano. The Reds, leading the National League (NL) wild card race at the time of the trade, sought bullpen help through the trade. The team failed to make the playoffs, however, finishing the season 8 games back in the wild card race. Cormier's 2006 season with the Reds included 21 appearances and a 4.50 ERA.

On April 28, 2007, Cormier was designated for assignment by the Reds after a poor start to the 2007 campaign. He had three innings pitched (IP), a 9.00 ERA, and one strikeout while pitching for Cincinnati that season. On May 13, 2007, the Atlanta Braves signed Cormier to a minor league contract and assigned him to their AAA-affiliate, the Richmond Braves. He played only briefly for them before deciding to retire.

In 2008, Cormier joined the Moncton Mets, a senior team based in Moncton, New Brunswick, in an attempt to make a comeback and join the Canadian Olympic Team participating in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. He had pitched for Moncton 21 years earlier, prior to his major league career.

2006 World Baseball Classic
Prior to the 2006 season, Cormier played for the Canada national baseball team in the World Baseball Classic. Despite winning two of three games, the team failed to advance beyond the first round. While their record matched Team USA and Team Mexico, they were eliminated in the tie breaker because they allowed the most runs. Cormier appeared in two of the games (against Mexico and South Africa), pitching $1 2/3$ innings, giving up one hit, and allowing no earned runs.

Olympics
After representing Canada at the 1987 Pan American Games, Cormier played for the Canadian national baseball team in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea; at the time baseball was a demonstration sport. The Canadian team did not win a medal during this competition, ending with a 1–2 record. The squad's lone win, however, did come against the eventual gold medal-winning American team.

In 2008, Cormier played for the Canadian national baseball team in the 2008 Summer Olympics. At age 41, Cormier was the oldest baseball player in the competition.

Personal life
Cormier and his wife Lucienne (née LeBlanc) had two children, Justin and Morgan. Cormier became a United States citizen on September 22, 2004.

In 2012, Cormier was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame.

In January 2020, Cormier was diagnosed with a tumour in his lungs. On March 8, 2021, Cormier died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 53.

title: Rhéal Cormier


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Terence Hallinan

Terence Hallinan (December 4, 1936 – January 17, 2020) was an American attorney and politician from San Francisco, California. He was the second of six sons born to Progressive Party presidential candidate Vincent Hallinan and his wife, Vivian (Moore) Hallinan. Hallinan was educated at the London School of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, Hastings College of the Law. He practiced privately in San Francisco.

Early life
Hallinan grew up in a 22-room mansion in Ross, California. At age twelve, he fell off his horse, fractured his skull, and spent five days stranded outside Yosemite before being rescued by helicopter.

As a young man Hallinan developed, in the words of California Supreme Court Justice Raymond E. Peters, a "habitual and continuing resort to fisticuffs to settle personal differences." He became a ward of juvenile court in 1954 when he took a case of beer from three sailors after he and his brother had run them off the road on Point Reyes and beat them. The juvenile court banned him from Marin County so he got a job in a warehouse in Sacramento before clerking for the Longshoremen's Union in Hawaii. Shortly after turning eighteen, he pleaded guilty to battery for punching the proprietor of the Edelweiss Ski Lodge.

In 1957, he punched a fraternity brother who denied him admission to a private party. He was indicted in 1959 after he broke a man's jaw during a brawl at a Greenbrae bowling alley. While at UC Berkeley, he boxed for the Golden Bears and sparred with Muhammad Ali in the 1960 Olympic boxing team eliminations.

Hallinan's propensity for fistfights continued in law school. When he and his brother were picketing in San Francisco against the House Un-American Activities Committee, some of their classmates arrived to picket them. Strong words ensued and a fight was arranged in Golden Gate Park. Initially Hallinan was part of the crowd of UC Hastings student onlookers but he soon began a brawl with one of the opposing spectators. He also engaged in fistfights at a Young Democrats meeting and over a woman while at UC Hastings.

As a student, Hallinan also became interested in nonviolent resistance. While attending the London School of Economics, he was arrested with Lord Bertrand Russell during a Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament sit-down demonstration in front of the U.S. embassy. When he returned to America, he joined the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee and spent the summer of 1963 in Mississippi. Local authorities jailed Hallinan twice but the U.S. Attorney General and the National Council of Churches intervened to secure his release.

Back in San Francisco, Hallinan helped organize the W.E.B. DuBois Club to support Communist Party USA. In the fall of 1963, he joined the Ad Hoc Committee to End Discrimination and participated in sit-ins at the Sheraton Palace Hotel, Mel's Drive-In, and the Van Ness Avenue Cadillac showroom. His civil disobedience in the city resulted in six arrests and two separate criminal convictions.

Legal practice
After graduating from UC Hastings, Hallinan's criminal history proved an obstacle to his admission to the California State Bar. The Committee of Bar Examiners required several hearings over Hallinan's moral character. Hallinan introduced evidence that his violent tendencies were the result of a thyroid deficiency. His mother, however, testified that Hallinan became violent in response to the bullying caused by his father's vocal support of labor leaders during the Red Scare. California State Assemblymen Willie Brown and John L. Burton both testified that Hallinan possessed good moral character. The Committee questioned Hallinan about whether civil disobedience is compatible with being an attorney at law. Hallinan responded that he thought "it's an unfortunate thing" that more German lawyers did not disobey the Third Reich.

The California State Bar refused to admit Hallinan. Hallinan appealed to the Supreme Court of California, and won. Justice Peters found that if the court denied professional licenses to everyone who engaged in a sit-in "we would deprive the community of the services of many highly qualified persons of the highest moral courage." Justice Marshall F. McComb dissented, writing that Hallinan believes he has a "right to violate the law". Beginning his career during the peak of the counterculture in the 1960s Hallinan defended hundreds of drug charges out of the Haight-Ashbury. Janis Joplin's biographer alleges that Hallinan almost died after the singer shot him up with heroin at her Noe Street apartment.

In 1967, Hallinan unsuccessfully represented Church of Satan founder Anton LaVey in a misdemeanor "disturbing the peace" case regarding LaVey's pet lion being kept in LaVey's home in a residential neighborhood. Hallinan successfully defended the Diggers after they were arrested for giving away free food on the steps of San Francisco City Hall. In 1968 he unsuccessfully defended the mutiny court-martial of the Presidio 27.

As an attorney, he successfully argued to have the murder convictions of serial killer Juan Corona overturned on appeal, and represented Corona in his retrial which resulted in 25 convictions for murder and a life sentence.

Hallinan unsuccessfully defended William Leonard Pickard for running an LSD laboratory in Mountain View, California and later used the DA office's official letterhead to personally recommend Pickard be bailed after being caught in the largest LSD bust in history.

In 1975 Hallinan quickly left the Patty Hearst defense team after they rejected his involuntary intoxication theory of the case. Two years later, he represented 16-year-old Marlene Olive, who was accused (along with her adult boyfriend) of murdering her parents in the "barbecue murders" case.

In 1988, Hallinan left private practice for a political career, first serving for seven years on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and then as district attorney. In 2004, he returned to private practice, focusing primarily on medical marijuana cases. In 2010, he defended Mitchell Brothers porn empire heir James Mitchell, who was accused of murdering his infant daughter's mother with a baseball bat. Mitchell fired Hallinan after seven months, and was then convicted.

In late 2014, Hallinan was temporarily suspended by the State Bar of California for commingling his and a trust client's funds. On July 16, 2018, when he was 81 years old, Hallinan was suspended for failing to pass a professional responsibility exam and was henceforth not eligible to practice law.

Political career
Hallinan lost his first election campaign, for San Francisco District 5 Supervisor, to Harvey Milk in the 1977 San Francisco Board of Supervisors election. Hallinan ran again in 1988 and this time won a seat on the board.

In the 1995 elections the police union and both the city's daily newspapers endorsed recently fired senior prosecutor Bill Fazio against incumbent district attorney (DA) Arlo Smith. Hallinan successfully forced and won a runoff election for DA through a campaign run by his longtime aide Ross Mirkarimi. The former defense attorney promptly fired 14 senior prosecutors, leaving pink slips on their chairs during lunch, then posted an armed guard outside his new office in the Hall of Justice. Prominent Irish real estate developer Joe O'Donoghue confronted Hallinan about the firings while attending a birthday party at Izzy's Steaks and Chops. Hallinan responded by punching him. The resulting scuffle was lampooned by David Letterman.

When two prosecutors were caught having sex in their office Hallinan fired the man but retained the woman. Hallinan's chief assistant Marla Miller resigned over the scandal so Hallinan replaced her with David Millstein, the private attorney who had represented him in the sexual harassment lawsuit he settled out of court while a city supervisor.

In 1999 Hallinan was investigated for felony misappropriation of funds for a salary he paid out to his cousin.

After a close-fought reelection campaign in 1999, Hallinan's office sank to the lowest case winning percentage of any DA's office in the state. While serving as DA, he became a notable opponent of capital punishment. He also was a strong advocate on behalf of decriminalizing prostitution. In his tenure he supported medical marijuana and was an advisor to NORML.

When Diane Whipple was mauled to death by a dog, Hallinan brought murder charges against its owners. After a nationally publicized trial that had to be moved to Los Angeles, Hallinan's prosecutors, former Jesuit priest Jim Hammer and Kimberly Guilfoyle Newsom, won the conviction.

The SFPD leadership was indicted by Hallinan after a bar fight involving assistant police chief Alex Fagan's son. The scandal became known as Fajitagate. Most charges were later dropped and the only two officers tried were acquitted. By indicting Chief Earl Sanders, the city's first black police chief who had helped win the lawsuit setting racial quotas on SFPD hiring, Hallinan was expected to lose crucial support from the city's black voters. Chief Sanders later sued Hallinan.

Hallinan was defeated in the next election for DA by Kamala Harris. When Harris took over in 2004, Hallinan returned to private practice with his son, focusing almost exclusively on medical marijuana cases.

Hallinan's death was announced on January 17, 2020, by San Francisco Mayor London Breed. He was 83. He was remembered by the SF Chronicle as a "onetime teenage brawler who became a fighter for civil rights and then an against-the-grain politician, serving as a San Francisco supervisor and the city’s district attorney."

title: Terence Hallinan


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tir'su

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was MERGE. dbenbenn | talk 23:18, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Tir'su
Non-notable, unverifiable, or possibly a prank, as it's VERY difficult to believe anything connected to D&D would have zero hits. "Tir'su" githyanki=0 and "Tir'su" dragons=1 unrelated. Niteowlneils 21:38, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Hoax at worst, 20sideddicecruft at best, but tiramisu is delicious. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 22:10, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delicious. Er, delete.  Almost certainly someone's homegrown extension, ie original "research". —Korath (Talk) 22:40, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I agree with Niteowlneils' argument. JoaoRicardo 03:18, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge into the githyanki article, along with the reference as to where this stuff came from. This seems to be right on the border of "official", Dragon magazine's had a lot of stuff come through its pages that wound up in future sourcebooks. Bryan 07:32, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This is no hoax, read my editorial note on the origin of the term. --- Samuel M. Wright (169.232.227.204)
 * Merge and redirect to Githyanki. —Korath (Talk) 22:46, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/redirect Kappa 02:05, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. Far, far too minor to merit its own article.  -Sean Curtin 03:07, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep otherwise Merge and redirect to Githyanki. Megan1967 05:37, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: gamecruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 04:39, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect Gamaliel 04:43, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tir'su


text:
Robert S. Green

Robert Stockton Green (March 25, 1831 – May 7, 1895) was an American Democratic Party politician, who was the 27th governor of New Jersey from 1887 to 1890. He also sat for one term in the United States House of Representatives from 1885 to 1887.

Early life and education
Green was born in Princeton, New Jersey, the son of James S. Green and the former Isabella Williamson McCulloh. His father was U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 1835 to 1850. He graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1850. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1853 and commenced practice in Elizabeth, New Jersey.

On October 1, 1857, he married the former Mary E. Mulligan. They had four children: Caroline, Catherine, Isabelle and Robert Stockton Green Jr.

Political career
He was a member of the Elizabeth city council from 1863 to 1873, and was presiding judge of the Union County Court of Common Pleas from 1868 to 1873.

Congress and governor
He was a US representative in the Forty-ninth United States Congress from March 4, 1885, until his resignation on January 17, 1887, when he stepped down to become Governor of New Jersey from 1887 to 1889.

Judge
Green was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1860, 1880 and 1888.

He was a judge on the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals, then the state's highest court, in 1894 and 1895.

Death
He died in Elizabeth on May 7, 1895. He was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York City.

title: Robert S. Green


text:
Axle hitch

The axle hitch is used to tie a hitch in a hard-to-reach place, or for extra security by having a double hold on an object. When the initial bight is passed around the object, the rest of the knot can be completed out away from the cramped location. The knot is finished with a bowline knot or other reliable knot that connects the working end to the standing part.

It provides distributed strength and is useful when a shock load needs to be spread along an anchor point, since it provides four lines distributed across two points, in which case a double bowline or water bowline should be used as the security knot.

title: Axle hitch


text:
Joseph Bamford

Joseph Cyril Bamford, CBE (21 June 1916 – 1 March 2001) was a British businessman. He was the founder of J.C. Bamford Excavators Limited (JCB), a manufacturer of heavy equipment.

Biography
Joseph Bamford was born into a recusant Catholic family in Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, which owned Bamfords Ltd, an agricultural engineering business.

His great-grandfather Henry Bamford was born in Yoxall and had built up his own ironmongers business, which by 1881 employed 50 men, 10 boys and 3 women. Bamfords International Farm Machinery became one of the country's major agricultural equipment suppliers, famous for its balers, rakes, hay turners, hay wufflers, mangold cutters, and standing engines, which were exported all over the world. The company eventually ceased trading in 1986.

After attending Stonyhurst College, he joined the Alfred Herbert company in Coventry, then the UK's largest machine-tool manufacturer, and rose to represent the firm in Ghana. He returned home in 1938 to join the family firm, but in 1941 was called up by the RAF to serve in World War II. Working in supply and logistics, he returned to the African Gold Coast to run a staging post for USAF planes being ferried to the Middle East.

JCB
Upon his return home in 1944, Bamford initially worked for English Electric developing electric welding equipment in Stafford. A short return stint with the family firm proved too stifling, and his uncle Henry released him, saying he thought Joe had "little future ahead of him." After selling Brylcreem for a short while, in October 1945 Bamford rented a 10 by lock-up garage for 30 shillings (= £1.50) a week, and made a farm trailer from scrap steel and war surplus Jeep axles, using a prototype electric welder bought for £2-10s (= £2.50). He opened for business on the day his first son, Anthony, was born, and sold the trailer for £45 and a cart, which he also repaired and sold for another £45.

Having no interest in taking over rival businesses, his philosophy of: "Focus on what you do best, be innovative, and re-invest in product development and the latest manufacturing technologies;" resulted in a series of market-leading innovations:
 * 1948 – introduced the first hydraulic tipping trailer in Europe
 * 1950 – moved to an old cheese factory in Rocester where the workforce totalled six
 * 1951 – began painting his machinery yellow
 * 1953 – brought out his breakthrough product, the backhoe loader
 * 1957 – brought out the "hydra-digga", incorporating the excavator and the major loader as a single all-purpose tool which was useful for both the agricultural as well as construction industry, which JCB grew with
 * 1991 – brought out the JCB Fastrac high speed agricultural tractor.

In 1958, he bought ten motorscooters with the number plates JCB1 to JCB10, to get their number plates to transfer to his firm's vehicles.

With exports to the United States beginning, profits increased from 1960 onwards. JCB won seven Queen's Awards for Exports as its sales spread to more than 130 countries around the world, while Bamford himself was appointed a CBE for Services to Export in 1969. In 1993, he became the first British citizen to be honoured in the Association of Equipment Manufacturers Hall of Fame, and remained the only British inductee until his son Anthony was inducted in 2008.

Marketing
What made Bamford different from many engineers was that he was also a marketeer. Bamford personally demanded to know daily from his staff how many "JCB Yellow" vehicles were off the road awaiting spares. Bamford created an image that JCBs were there to work, and if an owner-operator's machine was down, then Bamford wanted to know about it—which gained him 95% of the owner-operator market in the UK.

Bamford placed a 12 V socket into the cab of his vehicles, and delivered the first 100 personally, arriving in his Rolls-Royce with number plate JCB1. One of the first Learjets in Europe was purchased to fly in non-UK customers (the fleet has since got larger ), who were met by another European first, a stretched Cadillac with the same number of seats as the jet. Bamford also conceived the "dancing diggers," whose 1999 display in Las Vegas stopped the gamblers.

Personal life
A non-smoking teetotaller, who was so careful with his money that he claimed his wife still made their own curtains, Bamford worked from 09:00 until 23:00 every day. He saw his role in life to be like the Nonconformist Cadbury and Lever families. He built Rocester along the lines of Bournville and Port Sunlight into an effective marketing home for the company, and an efficient production centre and a virtual "home" for his employees. He saw no need to recognise trade unions. The Rocester works were surrounded by 10000 acre of landscaped grounds in which his company's employees could shoot, fish, swim, and sail.

Bamford paid more than fair wages, which rose regularly, and annual bonuses based on reports of individual worth. In 1967 Bamford stood on a farm cart and handed out personal cheques totalling £250,000. This extraordinary focus in return gave unprecedented levels of workforce flexibility, with the average JCB employee through the strike-dominated 1970s and early 1980s, being seven times more productive than the average British manufacturing worker.

Retirement
In 1975, Bamford left his wife Marjorie (née Griffin – married 1941), handed over the business to their two sons Anthony and Mark,  and set up home with his secretary, Jayne Ellis, in Switzerland as tax exiles. He continued to design both boats and diesel engines. Bamford was awarded the honorary degree of a Doctor of Technology from both Loughborough University in 1983 and Keele University in 2000.

His grandson, Jo Bamford, briefly worked at JCB before moving into the hydrogen energy sector.

Bamford died in a London clinic on 1 March 2001. At his death, JCB was the largest privately owned engineering company in Britain, employing 4,500 people and manufacturing 30,000 machines a year in 12 factories on three continents. It had revenues of £850m in 1999, earned from 140 countries.

His portraits by Lucinda Douglas-Menzies and Leslie Smithers (whilst he was still the head of his JCB empire) are in the National Portrait Gallery.

title: Joseph Bamford


text:
Idaho panhandle

The Idaho panhandle—locally known as North Idaho, Northern Idaho, or simply the Panhandle—is a salient region of the U.S. state of Idaho encompassing the state's 10 northernmost counties: Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater, Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone (though the southern part of the region is sometimes referred to as North Central Idaho). The panhandle is bordered by the state of Washington to the west, Montana to the east, and the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north. The Idaho panhandle, along with Eastern Washington, makes up the region known as the Inland Northwest, headed by its largest city, Spokane, Washington.

Coeur d'Alene is the largest city within the Idaho panhandle. Spokane is around 30 mi west of Coeur d'Alene, and its Spokane International Airport is the region's main air hub. Other important cities in the region include Lewiston, Moscow, Post Falls, Hayden, Sandpoint, and the smaller towns of St. Maries and Bonners Ferry. East of Coeur d'Alene is the Silver Valley, which follows Interstate 90 to the Montana border at Lookout Pass.

The region has a land area of 21012.64 sqmi, around 25.4% of the state's total land area; there is also 323.95 sqmi of water area. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the Idaho panhandle was 317,751, around 20.3% of the state's total population of 1,567,582.

The town of Bonners Ferry has two Canada–US border crossings: Porthill-Rykerts Border Crossing connects with Creston, British Columbia; Eastport–Kingsgate Border Crossing connects with Yahk, British Columbia.

History
The eastern border of Idaho follows the Bitterroot Range, producing the narrow northern border.

Politics
No resident of North Idaho has been elected governor since the re-election of Cecil Andrus (D) in 1974. An Oregon native raised in Eugene, Andrus had lived at Orofino and was a resident of Lewiston when first elected in 1970. (Boise was his residence during his later campaigns of 1986 and 1990). The most recent member of the U.S. Congress from the panhandle is Compton I. White Jr. (D) of Clark Fork, last elected  in 1964.

North Idaho leans Republican, as does the state as a whole. Latah County, home of the University of Idaho in Moscow, is the only one of the region's 10 counties that does not. While Bonner County is also strongly Republican, the tourist town of Sandpoint located in the county is somewhat more centrist. The panhandle has traditionally been one of the strongest areas for Democrats in statewide elections, largely because of its unionized miners and a smaller Mormon population than Southern Idaho. However, it largely changed in the 1980s with the drop in silver prices, slump of metal markets, mine closures and passage of a right-to-work law. Additionally, the influx of conservatives from Southern California beginning in the 1970s, many of whom were retired LAPD officers who chose to move to Coeur d'Alene, also shifted the politics of the region. This intensified during the 2010s, with Democrats nationwide being perceived as too liberal.

In the 1990 gubernatorial election, all counties were won by the incumbent Andrus, a popular moderate who easily won a fourth term. The Democratic nominee for Governor outperformed their statewide result in Northern Idaho in all elections from 1982 through 2006; Keith Allred received 30.9% in Northern Idaho vs. 32.9% statewide in 2010, A.J. Balukoff received 36.5% in Northern Idaho vs. 38.6% statewide in 2014, and Paulette Jordan received 34.6% in Northern Idaho vs. 38.2% statewide in 2018.

Attractions

 * Bird Aviation Museum and Invention Center
 * Clearwater River
 * Idaho Panhandle National Forest
 * Kootenai River
 * Lake Coeur d'Alene
 * Lake Pend Oreille
 * Lookout Pass Ski and Recreation Area
 * North Idaho College
 * Priest Lake
 * Schweitzer Mountain
 * Snake River
 * Silver Mountain
 * Silverwood Theme Park
 * University of Idaho

Geography and climate
The Idaho panhandle observes Pacific Time north of the western-flowing Salmon River in the southern part of Idaho County. The rest of the state to the south observes Mountain Time, which begins at Riggins. Though the Idaho panhandle is at the same longitude as southwestern Idaho, they have different time zones because (1) Spokane is the commercial and transportation center for the region, and (2) there are many cross-border towns and cities that are connected, including Spokane with Coeur d'Alene and Post Falls; Pullman (home of Washington State University) with Moscow (home of the University of Idaho); and Clarkston with Lewiston.

The panhandle is isolated from southern Idaho by distance and the east–west mountain ranges that divide the state. The passage by vehicle was arduous until significant highway improvements were made on U.S. Route 95 in North Central Idaho, specifically at Lapwai Canyon (1960), White Bird Hill (1975), the Lewiston grade (1977), and Lawyer's Canyon (1991).

Regional agriculture
The North Idaho region is most noted for silvaculture, the growing of trees and the production of lumber through the region's 12 lumber mills. The production of grass seeds and hops for beer production are also significant in the region. Nine microbreweries have operations in the area, making North Idaho highly characteristic of the Pacific Northwest. There are also many cattle ranches.

Notable crops from the Palouse region include wheat, lentils, peas, and canola.

Indian reservations

 * Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation
 * Kootenai Indian Reservation
 * Nez Perce Indian Reservation

Major communities

 * Bonners Ferry
 * Coeur d'Alene
 * Dalton Gardens
 * Grangeville
 * Hayden
 * Kellogg
 * Lewiston
 * Lenore
 * Moscow
 * Orofino
 * Post Falls
 * Rathdrum
 * Sandpoint
 * St. Maries
 * Wallace

title: Idaho panhandle


text:
Jake Scott

Jacob E. Scott III (July 20, 1945 – November 19, 2020) was an American professional football player who was a free safety and punt returner from 1970 to 1978 for the Miami Dolphins and Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Georgia, and was drafted in the 1970 NFL Draft in the 7th round, 159th overall pick, by the Miami Dolphins.

Scott went to the Pro Bowl five consecutive times between 1971 and 1975. He recorded 35 interceptions in his six seasons as a Dolphin, and another 14 in his three years with the Redskins. To this day, he remains the Miami Dolphins all-time leader in interceptions with 35. He was also a five-time first or second team All-Pro, and won back-to-back Super Bowl Championships in 1972 and 1973, including winning the MVP of Super Bowl VII.

Scott wore number 13 throughout his career, which was later made famous in Miami by Dan Marino, and has since been retired in Marino's honor.

College career
After growing up in Athens, Georgia, but playing high school football in Arlington, Virginia at Washington-Lee High School, and then eventually Bullis School in Potomac, Maryland for 2 years Scott played college football at the University of Georgia, where he led Georgia in interceptions in 1967 with six interceptions and 1968 with ten interceptions. In 1967, Scott was named first-team All-SEC defensive back by the Associated Press, and in 1968 again in both the AP and the UPI. The ten interceptions in a season is now second-most in Georgia history behind Terry Hoage’s 12 in 1982. Scott's 175 return yards on interceptions in 1968 is also second all-time for Georgia.

Scott's college career total of 315 interception return yards was the most in school history until 2017. He also holds the current Georgia record for career interceptions.

Scott was inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1986 and the Athens (GA) Athletic Hall of Fame in 2000.

It was announced on May 17, 2011, that Scott had been selected for induction into the College Football Hall of Fame.

Scott left the University of Georgia after his Junior year to go to Canada and play professional football in the CFL. Based on his July 20 birth date, Scott's military draft lottery number of record was 187. The highest administrative draft number called for Scott's year group was 195, suggesting that Scott could have been, but was not, drafted for military service during the Vietnam War as he had previously served in the U.S. Marines.

Professional career
Scott began his professional career in 1969 in the Canadian Football League as a flanker and kick returner with the BC Lions. In his one season with the Lions he played in 11 games caught 35 passes for 596 yards and three touchdowns, all marks which were good for second best or tied for second best on the team. He also recorded 224 kickoff return yards, which led the team. The BC Lions finished with a record of 5-11.

He was drafted by the Miami Dolphins during the seventh round, 159th overall, in the 1970 NFL Draft, where in his rookie year, he recorded five interceptions and returned one punt return for touchdown. The following year, he recorded seven interceptions and 318 punt return yards, helping the team reach Super Bowl VI, which they lost 24-3 to the Dallas Cowboys. Scott recorded a 21-yard punt return in the game.

Scott was a key member of the 1972 Miami Dolphins undefeated season, and was named Super Bowl MVP of Super Bowl VII, recording two interceptions in the Dolphins' 14-7 win over the Washington Redskins including one in the fourth quarter. He helped the Dolphins in their 24-7 Super Bowl VIII win, recording two fumble recoveries, 20 punt return yards, and 47 kickoff return yards in that game. He established two Super Bowl Records. Scott set a record by being the first player to recover 2 fumbles in one game. He also first established the record for most career fumble recoveries in Super Bowls at two, a record now shared by 12 others. Scott is still the only player to have recovered one of his own team's fumbles and one of his opponent's fumbles in a single Super Bowl game.

Overall, Scott finished his nine seasons with 49 interceptions. He made 35 interceptions playing 6 seasons for Miami, making him the Dolphins' all-time leader in that category. Scott had 13 fumble recoveries in his career. On special teams, he gained 1,357 yards and a touchdown returning punts, and 137 yards on six kickoff returns. Scott played for the Redskins the final 3 years of his career.

While best known for his defensive play, Scott also returned punts. In week 10 of his rookie season against the Baltimore Colts, he returned a punt 77 yards for his first and only NFL touchdown. He led the NFL in punt return yards in 1971 with 318 and finished top ten in punt returns yards a total of four times over his NFL career. He finished his NFL career with 1,357 punt return yards with a 10.4 yards per return average, and an additional 137 kick return yards.

In the late 1980s, NFL Films named Scott as the Dolphins All-Time Neutralizer sponsored by Tums. He was inducted into the Georgia-Florida Hall of Fame in 1998. The Professional Football Researchers Association named Scott to the PFRA Hall of Very Good Class of 2007.

Scott was one of only three living Super Bowl MVPs who did not attend Super Bowl XL, when all previous MVPs were honored prior to the game; the other no-shows were Terry Bradshaw and Joe Montana. Scott did attend Super Bowl 50 and was introduced during pre-game festivities.

Scott was inducted with Bill Stanfill into the Miami Dolphins Honor Roll on November 18, 2010.

Personal life and death
Scott was a lifelong bachelor, who enjoyed fishing and traveling. A private individual known for shunning the spotlight, Scott had lived in the Colorado mountains and the Florida Keys, and spent his later years living in Hanalei, a small town on the Hawaiian island of Kauai. During his retirement Scott was an investor in Hawaii.

Scott had a falling out with at the time Miami Dolphins Head Coach Don Shula which eventually resulted in his trade to the Washington Redskins and lasted well into his retirement. As a result, he did not participate in Dolphins alumni events for several decades. Many years later, the two reconciled, and Scott later attended his Miami Dolphins Honor Roll enshrinement as well as Super Bowl 50. Scott was quoted, “Coach Shula and I had our differences, but time heals all wounds,”

Scott died at the age of 75 on November 19, 2020, after falling down a flight of steps while visiting friends in Atlanta, Georgia. He is one of at least 345 NFL players to be diagnosed after death with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which is caused by repeated hits to the head.

Scott was cremated and his ashes were spread in the waters of Hanalei Bay. Memorabilia from Scott's personal collection, including his Super Bowl rings, were sold at auction, as per his final wishes.

title: Jake Scott


text: User talk:63.249.88.82

title: User talk:63.249.88.82


text:
Pixar Image Computer

The Pixar Image Computer is a graphics computer originally developed by the Graphics Group, the computer division of Lucasfilm, which was later renamed Pixar. Aimed at commercial and scientific high-end visualization markets, such as medicine, geophysics and meteorology, the original machine was advanced for its time, but sold poorly.

Creation
When George Lucas recruited people from NYIT in 1979 to start their Computer Division, the group was set to develop digital optical printing, digital audio, digital non-linear editing and computer graphics. Computer graphics quality was just not good enough due to technological limitations at the time. The team then decided to solve the problem by starting a hardware project, building what they would call the Pixar Image Computer, a machine with more computational power that was able to produce images with higher resolution.

Availability
About three months after their acquisition by Steve Jobs on February 3, 1986, the computer became commercially available for the first time, and was aimed at commercial and scientific high-end visualization markets, such as medical imaging, geophysics, and meteorology. The machine sold for $135,000, but also required a $35,000 workstation from Sun Microsystems or Silicon Graphics (in total, ). The original machine was well ahead of its time and generated many single sales, for labs and research. However, the system did not sell in quantity.

In 1987, Pixar redesigned the machine to create the P-II second generation machine, which sold for $30,000. In an attempt to gain a foothold in the medical market, Pixar donated ten machines to leading hospitals and sent marketing people to doctors' conventions. However, this had little effect on sales, despite the machine's ability to render CAT scan data in 3D to show perfect images of the human body. Pixar did get a contract with the manufacturer of CAT Scanners, which sold 30 machines. By 1988 Pixar had only sold 120 Pixar Image Computers.

In 1988, Pixar began the development of the PII-9, a nine slot version of the low cost P-II. This machine was coupled with a very early RAID model, a high performance bus, a hardware image decompression card, 4 processors (called Chaps or channel processors), very large memory cards (VME sized card full of memory), high resolutions video cards with 10-bit DACs which were programmable for a variety of frame rates and resolutions, and finally an overlay board which ran NeWS, as well as the 9 slot chassis. A full-up system was quite expensive, as the 3 GiB RAID was $300,000 alone. At this time in history most file systems could only address 2 GiB of disk. This system was aimed at high-end government imaging applications, which were done by dedicated systems produced by the aerospace industry and which cost a million dollars a seat. The PII-9 and the associated software became the prototype of the next generation of commercial "low cost" workstations.

Demise and legacy
In 1990, the Pixar Image Computer was defining the state-of-the-art in commercial image processing. Despite this, the government decided that the per-seat cost was still too high for mass deployment and to wait for the next generation systems to achieve cost reductions. This decision was the catalyst for Pixar to lay off its hardware engineers and sell the imaging business. There were no high volume buyers in any industry. Fewer than 300 Pixar Image Computers were ever sold.

""It was built to be part of a pipeline, but as we developed it we realized we were competing with Moore's law with CPU and we probably couldn't get far enough ahead of it to justify it so we actually stopped the hardware effort.""

The Pixar computer business was sold to Vicom Systems in 1990 for $2,000,000. Vicom Systems filed for Chapter 11 within a year afterwards.

Many of the lessons learned from the Pixar Image Computer made it into the Low Cost Workstation (LCWS) and Commercial Analyst Workstation (CAWS) program guidelines in the early and mid 1990s. The government mass deployment that drove the PII-9 development occurred in the late 1990s, in a program called Integrated Exploitation Capability (IEC).

Design
The P-II could have two Channel Processors, or Chaps. The chassis could hold 4 cards. The PII-9 could hold 9 cards (4 Chaps, 2 video processors, 2 Off Screen Memory (OSM) cards, and an Overlay Board for the NeWS windowing system). NeWS was extended to control the image pipeline for roaming, image comparison, and stereo image viewing.

Each Chap is a 4-way parallel (RGBA) image computer. This was a SIMD architecture, which was good for imagery and video applications. It processed four image channels in parallel, one for red, one for green, one for blue, and one for the alpha channel (whose inventors have connections to Pixar). Images were stored with 12 bits per color channel (or 48 bits per pixel). The 12-bit data represented an unusual (for today) fixed-point format that ranged from -1.5 to 2.5 using 2 bits for the integer portion, meaning the range from 0 to 1 had 10 bit accuracy.

A Unix host machine was generally needed to operate it (to provide a keyboard and mouse for user input). The system could communicate image data externally over an 80M per second "Yapbus" or a 2M per second multibus to other hosts, data sources, or disks, and had a performance measured equivalent to 200 VUPS, or 200 times the speed of a VAX-11/780.

Use
In the early 1990s, the Pixar Computer was used for medical imaging, including MRI and CT scans at Georgetown University and mammography at University of California.

Walt Disney Feature Animation, whose parent company later purchased Pixar in 2006, used dozens of the Pixar Image Computers for their Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) and was using them in production up through Pocahontas in 1995.

title: Pixar Image Computer


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Category:Philanthropic organizations

Philanthropic organizations.

title: Category:Philanthropic organizations


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Street name

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was MERGE to List of street names of drugs. Jmabel is invited to write an article about street name in the financial sense. dbenbenn | talk 07:40, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Street name
Thanks Niteowlneils :-) This is a list of street names of drugs. Wikipedia is not a slang or idiom guide and the article is a plain list without encyclopedic contents. Moreover, important street names are already covered in the articles of the respective drugs and can be found using the search function. Delete and update Wiktionary. Cacycle 21:45, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Either keep this content at this page, or move it over to List of street names of drugs. Of the two lists, this one was certainly done better. --Idont Havaname 00:15, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, move street name to List of street names of drugs after deleting the latter. Wile E. Heresiarch 05:02, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * We should have an article on "street name" in the non-drug sense. Some owners of shares of publicly traded companies choose to have their stock held in the name of their broker-dealer rather than in their own name.  The issuing company sends dividend checks, annual reports, etc., to the broker-dealer instead of directly to the shareholder.  Such stock is said to be held in street name.  Googling for "street name" +stock produces more than 70,000 hits.  I'd say: move this content to List of street names of drugs, then make street name a stub about the financial meaning, with a note directing people to the drug article. JamesMLane 08:03, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Mostly concur. Merge this to List of street names of drugs, turn this article into the financial sense, with a note at the top cross-referring to the drugs one. -- Jmabel | Talk 08:26, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with Jmabel on merging this to List of street names of drugs. GRider\talk 18:38, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.