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Bute House

Bute House (Gaelic: Taigh Bhòid) is the official residence of the First Minister of Scotland and Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland, located within Charlotte Square in Edinburgh. Alongside two other personal offices at the Scottish Parliament Building and St. Andrew's House, Bute House also contains a smaller office used by the First Minister when in official residence.

Located at 6 Charlotte Square in the New Town, it is the central house on the north side of the square and was designed by Robert Adam. Bute House was conveyed to the National Trust for Scotland by the 6th Marquess of Bute in 1966. Between 1970 and 1999, it served as the official residence of the Secretary of State for Scotland. Since July 1999, it has been the official residence of the First Minister.

The four-storey house contains the Cabinet Room, offices and conference, reception, sitting and dining rooms where the First Minister works and where Scottish Government ministers, official visitors and guests are received and entertained. The second and third floors contain the private residence of the First Minister. As well as serving as the official residence of the First Minister, Bute House is frequently used by the First Minister to hold press conferences, media briefings, meetings of the cabinet of the Scottish Government and appointing members to the Scottish Cabinet.

Early occupants
Charlotte Square was designed by Scottish architect Robert Adam. The Lord Provost and Edinburgh Town Council commissioned Adam to draw up plans for the square in 1791 as the culmination of Edinburgh's first New Town. However, Adam died in 1792, and his completed designs had to be realised by others. The north side of the square was built first and is faithful to his intentions.

The plot where Bute House now stands was sold in 1792 by public roup (auction) to Orlando Hart, a shoemaker, prominent member of the Town Council and deacon-convener of the trades in Edinburgh, for £290. The house was occupied by John Innes Crawford, who lived there between 1796 and 1800. He was born in Jamaica on 27 October 1776. In 1781 he inherited the Bellfield estate in St James, Jamaica, from his father, John Crawford. The Bellfield sugar plantation, with its six hundred enslaved workers, generated a net income of £3,000 a year. He later moved to 91 George Street, Edinburgh where he lived between 1801 and 1825. He died on 22 November 1839.

In 1806, Sir John Sinclair, 1st Baronet bought the newly completed house for £2,950. Sinclair was a Whig politician and a writer on finance and agriculture. He was also responsible for the compilation of the First Statistical Account of Scotland. Sinclair sold the house in 1816 to Lieutenant Colonel William Gabriel Davy.

In May 1818, the house was purchased from Davy by Henry Ritchie of Busbie. Ritchie was a Glasgow merchant, a partner in the Thistle Bank, and the owner of landed estates in Lanarkshire and Ayrshire. He sold his Charlotte Square townhouse to Charles Oman, a hotel keeper and vintner, in May 1825. Oman, a native of Caithness, had owned various hotels and coffee houses in Edinburgh over the decades, including the Waterloo Hotel on the city's Waterloo Place, up until his purchase of 6 Charlotte Square. Oman turned his new townhouse into Oman's Hotel, which was to remain for over 20 years. The fixings for the letters of the hotel's name can still be seen today on the exterior wall above the front entrance door of Bute House.

Oman died in August 1826, but the hotel continued to operate under the ownership of his widow, Mrs Grace Oman (née Burns). The exiled Charles X of France stayed at the hotel for a brief time in 1832, during his second period of exile in Edinburgh. Following Mrs Oman's death in 1845, 6 Charlotte Square was sold by her heirs to Alexander Campbell of Cammo, who lived in the house with his family until his death in 1887. Campbell commissioned David Rhind to make various alterations and additions to the house in 1867. The house's next owner was Sir Mitchell Mitchell-Thomson, 1st Baronet, who was to make it his home for the next 30 years. A partner in his family's timber business, and a director of the Bank of Scotland, he also served as the Lord Provost of Edinburgh from 1897 until 1900. In 1889, Mitchell-Thomson employed the architect Thomas Leadbetter to carry out further alterations.

Bute family: 1922–66

The 4th Marquess of Bute had a particular enthusiasm for the amenity value of the Scottish townscape. From the early 1900s onwards, he began to buy up the central houses on the north side of Charlotte Square to restore Adam's original design, which 19th-century intrusions had compromised, including dormer windows and alterations to the proportions of the first-floor windows. Lord Bute acquired the house at No. 5 first, in 1903, and thoroughly restored its interior in an Adam Revival style, furnishing the principal rooms with antique furniture so that it could function as the Butes' townhouse in Edinburgh. He subsequently acquired No. 6 in 1922 and No. 7 in 1927. Lord Bute's enthusiasm for Charlotte Square was given permanent expression when the City of Edinburgh invoked the Town Planning (Scotland) Act 1925 to effect the Edinburgh Town Planning (Charlotte Square) Scheme Order, 1930. The Bute family thereafter moved from the house at No. 5 to the neighbouring property at No. 6, taking many of the contents of No. 5 with them.

Transfer to the National Trust for Scotland
In May 1966, the Treasury accepted Nos. 5, 6 and 7 Charlotte Square in lieu of part payment of death duties on the estate of the 5th Marquess of Bute, who had died in August 1956. The three houses became the property of the National Trust for Scotland, which proposed to lease No. 6 to a new trust which would administer the house as an official residence for the Secretary of State for Scotland, as a building where he could reside when in Edinburgh and where distinguished visitors could be received and entertained. The Bute House Trust was formed in 1966 to bring this idea to fruition. The Trustees raised the £40,000 required for the alteration and redecoration of the house and its furnishings. The interior decoration and colour schemes were the responsibility of Lady Victoria Wemyss and Colin McWilliam. Because funding was tight, the interior refurbishment of Bute House was dependent on a number of loans.

Bute House is not owned by the Scottish Government but remains in the ownership of the National Trust for Scotland, a charitable organisation dedicated to the preservation of historic buildings and sites of natural significance across the country. The property is also legally under the supervision of the Bute House Trustees, a group whose existence was provided for in the original trust deed passing ownership from the Bute family.

Official residence
From 1970 onwards, after the House was refurbished after its previous owners had given it and two adjoining houses to the National Trust for Scotland, Bute House became the grace-and-favour residence in Edinburgh of the Secretary of State for Scotland, the UK government minister charged with looking after Scotland's interests in Westminster, who remained as a resident in it until devolution in 1999. It is now the setting for the weekly meeting of the Scottish Government's Cabinet, which meets in what used to be the Secretary of State's study.

Willie Ross was the first Secretary of State for Scotland to occupy Bute House in May 1966. The Secretary of State for Scotland ceased the ability to reside in Bute House in 1999 following the establishment of the office of First Minister of Scotland. In 1999, Donald Dewar became the first First Minister of Scotland and the first occupant of Bute House in the office of First Minister. Dewar died while in office in October 2000, and since then, Bute House has been occupied by successive first ministers; Henry McLeish (2000–2001), Jack McConnell (2001–2007), Alex Salmond (2007–2014), Nicola Sturgeon (2014–2023), Humza Yousaf (2023–2024) and John Swinney (2024–present). A portrait of each of the first ministers are currently on display in the main staircase of Bute House.

Unlike other official residences such as 10 Downing Street in London and the White House in Washington D.C., there is no official requirement for the incumbent First Minister to take up permanent residence in Bute House. Instead, Bute House is always readily available for the First Minister or their family to reside in for any period of time, whether longterm or an overnight stay while in Edinburgh. Therefore, it is not a statutory requirement of the office of First Minister for an incumbent office holder to "move in" to Bute House upon their appointment. Legally, there are no statutory laws or rules regarding the use of Bute House. The Public and Private Apartments offer flexible accommodation for events and meetings held by the First Minister or the wider Scottish Cabinet (or other Scottish Government ministers). As of May 2024, no First Minister has had children under the age of eighteen while residing in Bute House as First Minister.

It is the responsibility of the Scottish Government, under the terms of their lease from the National Trust for Scotland, are responsible for the protection of all possessions, assets and items loaned to Bute House against any kind of theft, damage or loss. During the Covid-19 pandemic in Scotland, a member of staff was always present within Bute House for security and protection purposes. During the Covid-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns in Scotland imposed by the Scottish Government, the only people permitted to enter Bute House were Scottish Government ministers, including the First Minister, to conduct essential government business, as well as officially appointed Scottish Government contractors to maintain the building as well as staff from Historic Environment Scotland.

Suitability and costs

As an 18th century town house with an open single stairwell, questions have been raised about the suitability of Bute House as the official residence and accommodation space for any First Minister who have dependent children under the age of eighteen on the grounds of safety. Unlike flats in Downing Street, the private residence section of Bute House does not self-contained modern accommodation, and any prospect of a future First Minister with dependent children taking up residence at Bute House during any period raises the limitations of Bute House as an official residence which is ultimately maintained to museum like standard. As a result of Bute House being a Category A listed building, any alterations to the building, including on safety grounds, have to be balanced against the maintenance of the original features and fabric of the building as is. A child safety risk assessment for Bute House was conduced by MITIE surveyors to enable dependent children to live within Bute House with the First Minister if required at any point during their tenure in office.

The operation, running of and maintenance of Bute House is met by the Scottish Government. The First Minister does not pay any rent during their tenure as First Minister for residing at Bute House, and the First Minister is not expected to personally contribute to any repair bills or maintenance costs associated with Bute House. Instead, the First Minister has a "benefit in kind" income tax liability to contribute towards the costs of associated services including heating, lighting, cleaning, repairs, staff and furniture of having Bute House as an official residence. 10% of the First Ministers ministerial salary is multiplied by the total number of days of occupation by the First Minister or their family members which is then divided by 365. The Scottish Government defines the ministerial salary "as the First Minister’s Office holder salary". Days of occupation is defined as the number of days the First Minister or family members have been in overnight residence within Bute House.

Repairs and restoration

A Schedule of Significant Features report conducted by the Adams Napier Partnership in 2017 highlighted various requirements for the retaining of certain elements to Bute House, including stonework, internal decoration and centrepieces. The report concluded that the external fabric should continually be surveyed, maintained and monitored to preserve the significantly important Adams design of the building. Additionally, the report highlighted that any alterations to the interior of the building concerning components of the house's listed building status must be retained in consideration of their "great significance". It also concluded that any future paintwork to the interior of the house should be done following investigation of prior paint schemes.

In 2017, following extensive survey work on the condition of the building undertaken by the building's conservators, Bute House was closed for urgent repairs, with the First Minister having to decant the building until necessary work was completed. The work to Bute House was coordinated by Historic Environment Scotland, with "temporary measures" put in place for the First Minister to reside and for meetings of the Cabinet while the building was being restored. A substantial programme of repair and refurbishment to Bute House commenced on 17 April 2023 and set to last for a total of 20 weeks until approximately 1 September 2023. During this period, alternative accommodation was to be sought for the First Minister.

As part of the leasing agreement with the National Trust for Scotland (NTS), the Scottish Government is obliged to carry out all repairs and maintenance work required to the house for the duration of their lease from the NTS. During a routine specialist technical stonework survey carried out at Bute House in 2021, it was recommended that the house required immediate repairs to a range of external stonework as well as roof repairs. The survey report also identified essential sash and case window and surrounding mastic repair requirements. A fire safety inspection conduced in 2022 made recommendations to further improve fire safety within the building. Following the recommendations, the Scottish Government appointed government commissioned contractors MITIE to conduct a report to advise further on the works required to Bute House following the inspections. Following the additional inspections by a team of MITIE specialists, improvement work were approved by both the First Minister and Deputy First Minister, and was set to begin on 3 April 2023, however, it was requested that this be postponed to 17 April 2023 to allow the transition of First Minister from Nicola Sturgeon to Humza Yousaf to be completed. During the closure of Bute House during the period of refurbishment, the Scottish Government began to liaise with Police Scotland to find alternative accommodation for the First Minister while in Edinburgh, as the First Minister remained entitled to accommodation while in the capital.

Furnishing
All pieces of furniture within Bute House are the possession of both the Scottish Government and the National Trust for Scotland. When a new First Minister is appointed, the furnishings and decor of Bute House does not change, however, there may be alterations to the layout of furnishings within rooms at the request of the First Minister if asked to do so. The private resident apartments within the house are serviced, and all bed linen and towels are laundered by the Scottish Government within the service arrangements.

Upon the appointment of Humza Yousaf as First Minister in March 2023, he requested "minor adjustments" to the layout and furnishing locations within Bute House. Any future alterations of the layout of the house were to be approved by the First Minister.

Front door and vestibule

Bute House is unusual for an Edinburgh New Town house because it has a central front door. The main entrance door for most New Townhouses would more normally be placed on the same side as the staircase. However, the central door of Bute House was a necessary function of Adam's palace front.

The wide, four-panelled entrance door is made of polished black oak. Between the top sets of panels are the brass Roman numerals "VI". Below the numerals, between the bottom sets of panels, there is a brass letter box on the left-hand side of the door and a brass door knocker on the right-hand side. The door is framed by small side windows and adorned with a semicircular fanlight window. A black ironwork fence runs along the front of the house and up each side of the flight of six steps leading up to the entrance door. The fence rises on either side of the front step to support iron gas lamps.

As the vestibule does not open directly into the stairwell, Balfour Paul sought to ensure that it would not appear dark and forbidding by deciding to greet the visitor with a welcoming central chimneypiece in white marble facing the front door. The plan of the vestibule is T-shaped, with archways leading through from the right-hand and left-hand sides of the fireplace. The vestibule features a rosette ceiling, highly decorative plasterwork in the Adam Revival style, and a floor of polished flagstones in octagons and black squares.

Drawing room

The room features original elaborate ceiling plasterwork, with the frieze repeating the same festoons found in the ceiling decoration. In 1923, Lord Bute and Balfour Paul complemented this ceiling by introducing new doorcases in the same Adam style, together with an inlaid chimneypiece with a central tablet depicting Venus and Cupid and vases carried by dolphins. The new single-leafed doors replaced 19th-century double doors, which connected this large drawing room at the front of Bute House, to the back drawing-room that is now the cabinet room. The fine gilded rococo mirror is attributed to the London cabinet-maker John Mackie. The 18th-century mirror was originally made for the drawing room of Duff House in Banffshire.

The drawing room in Bute House is commonly used by the First Minister to meet heads of foreign governments, other official guests and dignitaries, and is also used on occasions by the First Minister to hold media press conferences.

Cabinet room
When Bute House was first furnished as an official residence in 1970, this room was intended as the Library or private study of the Secretary of State. With the establishment of the Scottish Government in 1999, it became the cabinet room. The room's original appearance, with its robust colour scheme picking up the brown marble of the chimneypiece, is recorded in Harry More Gordon's conversation piece portraying all the successive Secretaries of State for Scotland. This room retains its original cornice, but the chimneypiece and the shaped treatment of the south wall, which replaces the 19th-century double folding doors that led into the front drawing room, were introduced in the 1920s by Lord Bute and Balfour Paul.

Colin McWilliam designed a desk and a bookcase incorporating copies of the portrait medallion of Robert Adam by James Tassie for this room. The modern reproduction Georgian ladder back chairs were intended to complement the existing suite of dining chairs at Bute House. The chandelier was originally in the Butes’ dining room on the ground floor.

The dining room

The dining room in Bute House today is thought to have been the original dining room used in Bute House since its construction. In 1967, the Bute House Trust commissioned the reproduction furniture in this room: the chairs are from Whytock and Reid.

The cornice is thought to be original design from the original construction of the house, however, a shallow recess to allow a sideboard to be included was added at some point by Lord Bute. The gilded curtain boxes features above each of the windows in the drawing room were commissioned by Lord Bute and were modelled on designs produced by Robert Adam for the 3rd Earl of Bute's house located in Luton.

Art work to feature in the drawing room include a painting by Thomas Faed titled Sir Walter Scott and his Friends. The Millennium Silverware Collection, pieces of silverware art from fifteen of Scotland's top silversmiths which were created to mark the reopening of the Scottish Parliament also feature in the drawing room. The silverware collection is on permanent loan to Bute House from the Scottish Goldsmiths Trust.

Security and incidents
In 2002, a drunken woman was able to enter Bute House and attend a private function that was taking place within Bute House. During this incident, neither then-First Minister Jack McConnell nor his wife were in residence at Bute House.

In 2004, it was reported, incorrectly, that a bomb had been found close to Bute House while McConnell was serving as First Minister. After an investigation, it was concluded that the suspect was indeed carrying nothing that could be deemed harmful and was later sectioned under the Mental Health Act.

In 2016, a man walked up to the front door of Bute House and began to shout abuse, asking if Nicola Sturgeon was inside the building. Sturgeon was not in residence at Bute House during this incident, but the man was later found guilty of two charges of breach of the peace.

As a result of further restrictions to tackle rising COVID-19 cases in Scotland, 70 protesters gathered outside Bute House to protest against further restrictions in Scotland, claiming that it was a "conspiracy theory". Four men were later arrested for breaking the coronavirus lockdown restrictions that were currently in place within the Edinburgh area at the time of the protest.

title: Bute House


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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:1076 deaths


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Liao of Wu

Liao, King of Wu (died 515 BC), also named Zhouyu, was king of the state of Wu in the Spring and Autumn period.

Biography
Liao was the grandson of King Shoumeng. He took the throne in 526 BC. During his time as king he led several battles against the state of Chu. In 518 BC, he conquered the fortified Chu city of Zhongli. He was assassinated by Zhuan Zhu during a function organised by his cousin, Prince Guang, who then became King Helü of Wu.

title: Liao of Wu


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Category:Schools in the United Kingdom by type

Schools in the United Kingdom listed by type.


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User:Dbenzhuser

As I'm User of the german Wikipedia, you better ask there if you have any question. Feel free to use English language if you like.

als:Benutzer:Dbenzhuser de:Benutzer:Dbenzhuser fr:Utilisateur:Dbenzhuser

title: User:Dbenzhuser


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File:Telemar.jpg

Summary
Telemar logo available at Telemar website.

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Talk:Long s

Later uses
I have moved a contribution by user:125.237.25.76, from the article to here at the talk page, because it is uncited and questionably of value since it is of long tail significance

 * Sheets of Penny Blacks and Two Penny Blues from 1840 still have the long s in them as they say on the margins - "Labels must be affixed above the addrefs"
 * Numerous political and satirical cartoons of the 1830s and even 1840s have long s in them.
 * Framed prints of Queen Victoria's coronation in 1838 also still have long s in the words Duchefs and Highnefs, usually in Copperplate
 * I have a envelope from 1905 that still has a long s on it. It was written by a 98 year old woman.

If anybody wants to pursue these, they will first need to find wp:reliable sources to attest them. --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 11:53, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Long s


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Adelaide Hills Council

Adelaide Hills Council is a local government area in the Adelaide Hills of South Australia. It is in the hills east of Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. It extends from the South Para Reservoir in the north, to the Mount Bold Reservoir in the south.

History
The council was established in 1997 by the amalgamation of the District Council of East Torrens, the District Council of Gumeracha, the District Council of Onkaparinga and the District Council of Stirling.

Council
Council consists of 13 Elected Members comprising a Mayor, and 12 Ward Councillors. Valleys Ward is represented by five Council Members and the Ranges Ward is represented by seven. The current council is:

Mayors
Since the establishment of the Council in 1997 there have been four Mayors.

 * 1997-2000: Anita Aspinall
 * 2000-2010: Bill Cooksley
 * 2010-2018: Bill Spragg
 * 2018-current: Jan-Claire Wisdom

Suburbs
The Adelaide Hills Council contains the following suburbs and localities: • Aldgate

• Ashton

• Balhannah

• Basket Range

• Birdwood (part)

• Bradbury (part)

• Bridgewater (part)

• Carey Gully

• Castambul

• Chain Of Ponds

• Charleston

• Cherryville

• Cleland (part)

• Crafers West (part)

• Crafers

• Cromer (part)

• Cudlee Creek

• Dorset Vale (part)

• Forest Range

• Forreston

• Greenhill

• Gumeracha

• Hay Valley (part)

• Heathfield

• Horsnell Gully

• Houghton (part)

• Hahndorf (part)

• Humbug Scrub (part)

• Inglewood

• Ironbank (part)

• Kenton Valley

• Kersbrook

• Lenswood

• Lobethal

• Longwood

• Lower Hermitage

• Marble Hill

•  Millbrook

• Montacute

•  Mount Crawford (part)

•  Mount George

• Mount Torrens (part)

• Mylor

• Norton Summit

• Oakbank

• Paracombe (part)

• Piccadilly

•  Rostrevor (part)

• Scott Creek

• Stirling

• Summertown

• Teringie

• Upper Hermitage (part)

• Upper Sturt (part)

• Uraidla

• Verdun (part)

• Woodforde

• Woodside

title: Adelaide Hills Council


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Category:Grammar schools in England

Grammar schools located within England.

title: Category:Grammar schools in England


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Dissimilation

In phonology, particularly within historical linguistics, dissimilation is a phenomenon whereby similar consonants or vowels in a word become less similar or elided. In English, dissimilation is particularly common with liquid consonants such as and  when they occur in a sequence. The phenomenon is often credited to horror aequi, the principle that language users avoid repetition of identical linguistic structures.

Dropped initial /r/ in /r..r/ sequence (r-deletion)
When an sound occurs before another in the middle of a word in rhotic dialects of English, the first tends to drop out, as in "beserk" for berserk, "suprise" for surprise, "paticular" for particular, and "govenor" for governor – this does not affect the pronunciation of government, which has only one, but English government tends to be pronounced "goverment", dropping out the first n.

In English, r-deletion occurs when a syllable is unstressed and may drop out altogether, as in "deteriate" for deteriorate and "tempature" for temperature, a process called haplology. When the is found in, it may change to. (e.g., Febyuary → February, which has been explained by phonotactic factors or alternatively by morphological analogy with more common sequences such as January. Cf. nucular, which may have arisen through an analogous process)

Dissimilation of /l..l/ to /r..l/
An example where a relatively old case of phonetic dissimilation has been artificially undone in the spelling is English , whose standard pronunciation is (with the r sound) in North-American English, or  in RP. It was formerly spelt coronel and is a borrowing from French, which arose as a result of dissimilation from Italian.

Dissimilation of /r..r/ to /l..r/

 * Latin > Old French  (and the Italian  and Sicilian ) which gave rise to the English .

Causes
There are several hypotheses on the cause of dissimilation. According to John Ohala, listeners are confused by sounds with long-distance acoustic effects. In the case of English, rhoticization spreads across much of the word: in rapid speech, many of the vowels may sound as if they had an r. It may be difficult to tell whether a word has one source of rhoticity or two. When there are two, a listener might wrongly interpret one as an acoustic effect of the other, and so mentally filter it out.

This factoring out of coarticulatory effects has been experimentally replicated. For example, Greek pakhu- (παχυ-) thick derives from an earlier *phakhu-. When test subjects are asked to say the *phakhu- form in casual speech, the aspiration from both consonants pervades both syllables, making the vowels breathy. Listeners hear a single effect, breathy voiced vowels, and attribute it to one rather than both of the consonants, as they assume the breathiness on the other syllable to be a long-distance coarticulatory effect, thus replicating the historical change in the Greek word.

If Ohala is correct, one might expect to find dissimilation in other languages with other sounds that frequently cause long-distance effects, such as nasalization and pharyngealization.

Types
Dissimilation, like assimilation, may involve a change in pronunciation relative to a segment that is adjacent to the affected segment or at a distance, and may involve a change relative to a preceding or a following segment. As with assimilation, dissimilation is much more common than  dissimilation, but unlike assimilation, most dissimilation is triggered by non-contiguous segments. Also, while many kinds of assimilation have the character of a sound law, few dissimilations do; most are in the nature of accidents that befall a particular lexical item.

Anticipatory dissimilation
Anticipatory dissimilation at a distance (by far the most common):
 * Latin *medio-diēs (mid-day, i.e. "noon"; also "south") became merīdiēs. Latin venēnum "poison" > Italian veleno. This category includes a rare example of a systematic sound law, the dissimilation of aspirates in Greek and Sanskrit known as Grassmann's Law: *thi-thē-mi I put (with a reduplicated prefix) > Greek tí-thē-mi (τίθημι), *phakhu thick > Greek pakhus (παχύς), *sekhō I have > *hekhō > Greek ékhō (ἔχω; cf. future *hekh-s-ō > héksō ἕξω). Some apparent cases are problematic, as in English "eksetera" for etcetera, which may rather be contamination from the numerous forms in eks- (or a combination of influences), though the common misspelling "ect." implies dissimilation.

Anticipatory dissimilation from a contiguous segment (very rare):
 * The change from fricative to stop articulation in a sequence of fricatives may belong here: German sechs (as evidenced by the spelling, the  was previously a fricative). In Sanskrit in any original sequence of two sibilants the first became a stop (often with further developments): root vas- dress, fut. vas-sya- > vatsya-; *wiś-s clan (nom.sg.) > *viťś > *viṭṣ > viṭ (final clusters are simplified); *wiś-su locative pl. > *viṭṣu > vikṣu. English amphitheater is very commonly pronounced "ampitheater" (though this may be explained by spelling pronunciation). Russian конфорка  stove burner is from Dutch komfoor brazier.

Lag dissimilation
Lag dissimilation at a distance (fairly common):
 * English purple is in medieval English as purpul and purpure (in medieval French porpre) and comes from classical Latin purpura purple with dissimilation of to . Latin rārus rare > Italian rado. Cardamom is commonly pronounced cardamon. In Middle English, in some words ending in -n preceded by a coronal consonant the -n changed to -m: seldom, random, venom. English marble is ultimately from Latin marmor. Russian февраль  February is from Latin Februārius.
 * In Spanish, interchanges between and  are common; for a list, see . In Basque, dissimilation is frequent as well.

Lag dissimilation from a contiguous segment (very rare):
 * Latin hominem ("man", acc.) > Old Spanish omne > omre > Spanish hombre
 * Latin nomine ("name", abl.) > nomre > Spanish nombre
 * English chimney (standard) > chim(b)ley (dialectal)
 * Proto-Slavic *svobodà freedom > Slovak sloboda (vs. Czech svoboda)
 * In Irish, many dialects regularly change the sequence to

Paradigmatic dissimilation
When, through sound change, elements of a grammatical paradigm start to conflate in a way that is not easily remedied through re-wording, the forms may dissimilate. For example, in modern Korean the vowels and  are merging for many people in the capital Seoul, and concurrently the second-person pronoun 네  your is shifting to 니  to avoid confusion with the first-person pronoun 내  my.

Similarly, it appears that English she, historically heo, may have acquired its modern sh form through dissimilation from he, though it is not clear whether the mechanism was idiosyncratic sound change (palatalization) of heo, or substitution of heo with the feminine demonstrative pronoun seo.

title: Dissimilation


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Birn

Birn or variants may refer to:

BIRN

 * Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN), a geographically distributed virtual community of shared resources relating to diagnosis and treatment of disease
 * Balkan Investigative Reporting Network
 * Berklee College of Music Internet Radio Network

Birn or Birns

 * Alex Birns (born 1907–1975), Jewish American mobster
 * Jack Birns (born 1919-2008), American photographer
 * Jerry Birn (born 1923-2009), American television writer
 * Laura Birn (born 1981), Finnish actress
 * Laura Bryan Birn (born 1965), American actress

Other uses

 * Dál Birn
 * Lóegaire Birn Búadach, Óengus Osrithe's son
 * Nem Moccu Birn (died 654), Irish saint

title: Birn


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The Wrights (Australian band)

The Wrights were a one-off Australian rock supergroup consisting of Nic Cester (of Jet), Bernard Fanning (of Powderfinger), Phil Jamieson (of Grinspoon), Kram (of Spiderbait), Chris Cheney (of The Living End), Davey Lane (of You Am I and The Pictures), and Pat Bourke (of Dallas Crane). They are named after former Easybeats frontman Stevie Wright, the original performer of the song-trilogy "Evie", which was the group's feature song.

Background
Their first and only single was a cover version of Stevie Wright's song "Evie", an 11-minute song consisting of three parts. "Evie (Pt 1)" was first performed at the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) awards in 2004. They performed the whole trilogy live for the first time at the Sydney Cricket Ground as part of WaveAid, and it was released as a single in February 2005. "Evie (Pt 1)" featured Nic Cester as the vocalist, while Pts 2 and 3 featured vocalists Bernard Fanning of Powderfinger and Phil Jamieson of Grinspoon. The profits for the single were donated to Stevie Wright and the Salvation Army to improve drug and alcohol rehabilitation, as well as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement for the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.

The three-part single by The Wrights, "Evie Pts 1, 2 and 3", is available on the double-CD album Easy Fever: A Tribute to the Music of the Easybeats and Stevie Wright. (Sony BMG, 2008)

The original single debuted at No. 2 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart in the week of 2005-03-07.

Reunion
In August 2005 the Wrights provided their rendition of "(Let's All) Turn On" for Stoneage Cameos, a tribute album for Hoodoo Gurus, with individual tracks from that group's debut album, Stoneage Romeos (March 1984), covered by fellow Australian artists.

In 2007, The Wrights made a one-off reunion at "Roosistence", a concert organised by Australian musician Tim Rogers (of You Am I) in a bid to avoid the relocation of the North Melbourne Football Club, an Australian rules football club, which was under pressure from the Australian Football League (AFL) to move to the Gold Coast in Queensland at the time. They played Rose Tattoo's famous song "We Can't be Beaten" (from their album Scarred for Life) alongside other Australian acts including You Am I, Tex Perkins, Something for Kate, Mick Thomas and Rob Clarkson.

"Evie" Part 1 – "Let Your Hair Hang Down"

 * Nic Cester (Jet) – vocals
 * Chris Cheney (The Living End) – lead guitar
 * Davey Lane (You Am I) – rhythm guitar
 * Kram (Spiderbait) – drums
 * Pat Bourke (Dallas Crane) – bass
 * Daniel Vandenberg – piano

"Evie" Part 2 – "Evie"

 * Bernard Fanning (Powderfinger) – vocals
 * Warren "Pig" Morgan (Chain, Billy Thorpe and the Aztecs) – piano
 * Harry Vanda (The Easybeats) – string arrangement

"Evie" Part 3 – "I'm Losing You"

 * Phil Jamieson (Grinspoon) – vocals
 * Davey Lane (You Am I) – lead guitar
 * Chris Cheney (The Living End) – rhythm guitar
 * Pat Bourke (Dallas Crane) – bass
 * Dan Knight – Hammond organ
 * Kram (Spiderbait) – drums

Backing vocals

 * Chris Cester (Jet)
 * Kram (Spiderbait)
 * Harry Vanda (The Easybeats)
 * Louise Anton
 * Chris Cheney (The Living End)
 * Davey Lane (You Am I and The Pictures)

Production

 * Produced by Harry Vanda and Glenn Goldsmith
 * Mixed by Daniel Vandenberg

title: The Wrights (Australian band)


text: User talk:131.109.42.2

title: User talk:131.109.42.2


text:
User:Shaftedbyu2

I've seen a lot in 20+ years as a U2 fan, but never would I have guessed I'd see the day that U2 fans talk about a class action lawsuit against the band. Yet, with what happened during Tuesday's U2.com members-only pre-sale for Vertigo Tour concert tickets, legal action is being discussed seriously on mailing lists and message boards. Fans were planning to call Principle Management -- both the Dublin and New York offices -- first thing this morning. Other fans want to protest by sending back their U2.com membership cards or refusing to buy tour merchandise. And in the incredibly unscientific poll on @U2's home page, more than 92% of fans who have voted think U2.com members should be able to get a refund.

How did we get here? Why?

Because we couldn't get presale tickets yesterday, you'll say. Because U2.com crashed or Ticketmaster's web site crashed, or the password you got didn't work, or within 30 seconds of the presale opening the only available tickets were in the upper level behind the stage, or you didn't have enough information about the stage and seating arrangements.

All of that's true, but didn't the same thing happen to us during the Elevation Tour presale in 2001? It did, and we wrote an "open letter" to U2 about it: Maybe You Could Educate Our Minds. So we've been through this before, haven't we? Why are we all up in arms again? Why is this year, this tour, different?

One word: money.

In 2001, U2.com sent us all the same password and put us through the same procedure, with the same results that we experienced Tuesday. But it was free, and there were no guarantees. When it happened then, we were angry and disappointed. When it happened yesterday, we felt those same things, but also something new: conned, fleeced, swindled.... Call it what you want, but here's the bottom line: U2.com members just paid $40 for the same exact thing you got for free in 2001. (Or $20 if you're a former Propaganda subscriber that wasn't double-charged for your U2.com membership.)

Oh, sure, U2.com memberships include benefits like a "special introductory gift"..."a U2.com email address"..."members-only message boards"...and so forth. But let's face it: No one opened their wallet for that stuff. And the powers-that-be know it. In every sales pitch for a U2.com membership, the first benefit listed was always "priority ticketing" for the 2005 tour.

And that's the problem here, isn't it? They kept tossing around phrases like "being a U2.Com Member offers you guaranteed priority booking" (from a mid-December email), "membership also qualifies you for priority booking of concert tickets" (late November email), and "U2.Com have secured some of the best available tickets for U2.Com Subscribers" (currently stated on U2.com). And let's not forget the promise made to former Propaganda members: "Propaganda subscribers who join U2.Com go straight to the front of the line when the concert tickets are made available." (late November email)

It's pretty clear that none of that happened on Tuesday. Yes, some U2.com members got ticket. A few even got the highly coveted GA tickets for floor access. But with so few tickets available, what chance did we really have for "guaranteed priority booking"? Fanfire has been telling fans recently that they've sold upwards of 100,000 U2.com memberships. Some fans have done the math, and they say only 26,000 presale tickets were available yesterday. Put two and two together and you're left wondering: Why would U2.com talk about "guaranteed priority booking" knowing their contract with Ticketmaster would leave so many paid members out in the cold during the presale?

So, just like three years ago, we have more questions than we have answers. We're left in a bad place with bad feelings. Not about the music, and maybe not about the band, but certainly about how the band treats its most loyal fans. The difference this time is that we paid for this. And that's why, for the first time in 20+ years, many of us are feeling things and saying things we never thought possible about our favorite band.

U2 has taken us on a wonderful ride for more than two decades. But how'd we end up here? And how do we go back? I liked it better before.

title: User:Shaftedbyu2


text:
Ynys Llanddwyn

Ynys Llanddwyn (also known as Llanddwyn Island) is a small tidal island off the west coast of Anglesey (Welsh: Ynys Môn), northwest Wales. The nearest settlement is the village of Newborough.

Geology and geography
The island is of geological interest with pillow lava, jasper formations and aeolian sand deposits. The island forms part of the National Nature Reserve of Newborough Warren which includes the extensive and floristically rich sand dune system.

Ynys Llanddwyn is a tidal island; it remains attached to the mainland except at high tide. It provides views of Snowdonia and the Llŷn Peninsula. Tŵr Mawr lighthouse marks the western entrance to the Menai Strait.

IUGS geological heritage site
In respect of the site having 'spectacular, accessible and well-preserved exposures of late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian mélange with more than 200 years of study', the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) included the 'Ynys Llanddwyn late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Mélange' in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites' around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The organisation defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as 'a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history.'

Saint Dwynwen
The island is rich in legends, in particular in its association with Dwynwen. The name Llanddwyn means "The church of St. Dwynwen". Dwynwen is the Welsh patron saint of lovers, making her the Welsh equivalent of St. Valentine. Her Saint's day is 25 January and is often celebrated by the Welsh with cards and flowers. The island bears the ruined remains of St Dwynwen's Church (Eglwys Santes Dwynwen). Unusually for churches in that region it has a cruciform floorplan.

Archaeologists examined the ruins of St Dwynwen's in 2011 and again in 2021. The 2021 dig discovered traces of even older buildings below the ruins.

Visitors and footpaths
Newborough National Nature Reserve & Forest, of which Ynys Llanddwyn is part, received 478,204 visitors in 2018.

There are more than 10 mi of footpaths crossing Ynys Llanddwyn and Newborough Warren, including the Anglesey Coastal Path, and it is a very popular place to visit. The island provides a worth-while goal after the mile-long walk along the beach from the nearest car park. Ynys Llanddwyn, with the neighbouring beach, has been awarded Blue Flag beach status in recognition of the cleanliness of the sea and the beaches.

Time line

 * 1873 – Construction of lighthouse on Ynys Llanddwyn.
 * 1903 – Closure of the lifeboat station on Ynys Llanddwyn.
 * 1911 – RSPB establishes its first reserve in Wales at Ynys Llanddwyn
 * 3 December 1920 – Five crew members from the Rhoscolyn lifeboat are lost off Llanddwyn, Anglesey.

In film

 * In 2004, Ynys Llanddwyn was used as a filming location in Demi Moore's romantic thriller Half Light. Tŵr Mawr was used as a lighthouse which plays a key role in the film. CGI was used to create the effect of a real light on top of the lighthouse.
 * Bryn Terfel filmed his video for Cavatina (arranged by Chris Hazell) on Ynys Llanddwyn "a very beautiful romantic place" (Bryn on BBC Breakfast)
 * In 2009, a scene for the Hollywood blockbuster Clash of the Titans was filmed at Llanddwyn.
 * BBC Wales show ‘’The 1900 Island’’ was filmed on the island the show was broadcast nationally in 2019.

title: Ynys Llanddwyn


text:
Rey Robinson

Reynaud Syverne "Rey" Robinson (born April 1, 1952) is a former American athlete, one of the world's top sprinters in the early 1970s.

At age twenty on July 1, 1972, Robinson finished second to Eddie Hart in the 100 meters at the Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon, equalling the world record at 9.9 seconds. Both were favorites at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, held two months later.

However, they were eliminated in the 100 m race because their coach, Stan Wright, unknowingly using an outdated Olympic schedule to determine the starting time of their quarterfinal heat, failed to deliver them to the track on time. This failure due to disorganization created much controversy. Though still bitter at what occurred, Robinson declared he did not blame Wright for what happened.

Robinson continued in the sport as head track coach at Florida A&M University (2001–2009), coaching multiple Olympic medalist Walter Dix.

title: Rey Robinson


text: Category:1998 elections

title: Category:1998 elections


text:
Leopold Skulski

Leopold Skulski ; (15 November 1878, Zamość – Brest, 11 June 1940) served as prime minister of Poland for six months from 13 December 1919 until 9 June 1920 in the interim Legislative Sejm during the formation of sovereign Second Polish Republic following World War I.

Life
Skulski was involved in politics from at least the mid 1910s, and served as mayor of Łódź between 1917 and 1919. During the rebirth of sovereign Poland, he was active in the conservative Zjednoczenie Narodowe, representing the interests of landowners from Liga Narodowa.

He became a deputy in the Polish parliament (Sejm) after the 1919 elections from the parliamentary wing of Narodowe Zjednoczenie Ludowe (NZL) which split from Zwiazek Ludowo Narodowy (ZLN) under his leadership.

On 13 December 1919, he became the Prime Minister of Poland. His government resigned on 9 June 1920, in the aftermath of the failure of the Kiev offensive and the success of the Bolshevik counteroffensive, in as much as the constitutional impasse resulting from the split of PSL "Wyzwolenie".

Skulski was also the Minister of Internal Affairs under the government of Wincenty Witos (from 24 July 1920 to 28 June 1921). He was a member of the State Tribunal of Poland from 1925. President of the Polish Radio in the 1930s, he did not take an active role in political life in the last decade of his life.

Death
During the Invasion of Poland he was arrested in Pińsk by the Soviet NKVD; shortly thereafter he died in the NKVD prison in Brest.

title: Leopold Skulski


text:
The Tiger of San Pedro

"The Tiger of San Pedro" is a jazz song by John LaBarbera, made popular by trombonist Bill Watrous. It was the title song of the Grammy-nominated Columbia recording "Tiger of San Pedro" by Watrous' band, The Manhattan Wildlife Refuge.

The title is based on a character in one of the 56 short stories featuring Sherlock Holmes. Don Juan Murillo is a deposed dictator from Central America, formerly known as "The Tiger of San Pedro", living in England, in the story "The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge".

title: The Tiger of San Pedro


text:
User:Chalst/conferences

Conferences and workshops

 * SD05 The structures and deuductions workshop with the theme The quest for the essence of proofs, which I am coorganising. It will be a satellite of ICALP 2005.

title: User:Chalst/conferences


text:
Biomedical Informatics Research Network

The Biomedical Informatics Research Network, commonly referred among analysts as “BIRN” is a national proposed project to assist biomedical researchers in their bioscience investigations through data sharing and online collaborations. BIRN provides data-sharing infrastructure, advisory services from a single source and software tools and techniques. This national initiative is funded by NIH Grants, the National Center for Research Resources and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), a component of the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Overview
To serve the Biomedical community, BIRN is designed to share significant and intensive data between researchers across geographic distance using user driven base software. Participants can transfer data securely and privately, internal and external. All data transfer is designed to be consistent with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) privacy and security guidelines.

BIRN also offers documented best practices, expert advice, data-sharing, and query and analysis software tools specific to biomedical research. Its researchers develop authorization capabilities and new data-sharing and engineering tools to assist researchers in making sense of new information.

Structure
BIRN is a collaborative effort between the NIGMS and a variety of nationwide leadership associations: Information Sciences Institute (ISI) at the University of Southern California, University of Chicago, Massachusetts General Hospital, University of California at Irvine, and the University of California at Los Angeles.

Its interdisciplinary team consists of computer scientists, engineers, physicians, biomedical researchers and other technical experts, including grid computing developers Carl Kesselman of USC ISI, and Ian Foster of Argonne National Laboratories. Co-Principal Investigators are:
 * Carl Kesselman, Ph.D., a professor in the University of Southern California (USC) Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, and a Fellow of the Information Sciences Institute (ISI), its highest honor;
 * Ian Foster, Ph.D., director of the Computation Institute, a joint project between the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, and associate director of Argonne's Mathematics and Computer Science Division;
 * Steven G. Potkin, M.D., a professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at the University of California at Irvine (UCI) and Director of UCI's Brain Imaging Center;
 * Bruce R. Rosen, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of radiology at Harvard Medical School and Health Sciences and Technology at the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and Director of the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, MA;
 * Jonathan C. Silverstein, M.D., associate director and senior fellow at the University of Chicago-Argonne National Laboratory Computation Institute, and an associate professor of Surgery, Radiology and Biological Sciences at UC;
 * Arthur Toga, Ph.D., a professor in the University of Southern California.

Resources
Users range from small research groups to larger researching groups. Like the National consortias such as the Nonhuman Primate Research Consortium (NHPRC) and the Cardiovascular Research Grid (CVRG), both funded by NIH.

By using BIRN's capabilities both to access data and perform research, groups can conduct large-scale data analysis while maximizing their existing technical infrastructure and expertise. Users also can participate in BIRN Working Groups that develop and support key functions, operations, security and data-sharing requirements.

BIRN offers a website, wiki and mailing lists to help users stay current on up to date news and information. The best practices and topics related directly to their data-sharing considerations. Its experts can help biomedical teams select software, data and metadata community standards; set up security mechanisms and sharing protocols to create multi-institutional policies from a potentially overwhelming range of options.

History
BIRN was initially built around several “testbeds” or selected projects in neurology research and begun as an NCRR initiative. In 2008, its software expanded significantly to including data-sharing support across the entire biomedical research community. The network, being now open to all biomedical research groups is In belief that BIRN will benefit from its services, regardless of a group's specialty, mandate, size or U.S. location.

BIRN's mission also has shifted from having a central place for data to a means of supporting efficient data transfer. As a result, BIRN no longer provides hardware, offers or maintain servers (previously called “racks”) for storing user information, or uses participants’ computers as network interchange.

The user-driven, software-based approach instead supports data sharing on participants’ existing hardware and software. Each user group retains control over, and responsibility for, its own hardware—and for the security and privacy of its own information. Data is stored on users' systems rather than in a central repository, making possible storage of, and access to, vastly greater data quantities than was possible with BIRN “racks” alone.

Membership
To become members, groups begin by filling out a contact form on the BIRN website. A BIRN team member responds, and if its services appear to be a good match, s/he typically refers questioners to a BIRN member or WG for more in-depth conversations.

BIRN seeks to aid universities and institutional based researchers with complex, distributed projects, technologically or geographically. Such as multi-site clinical trials.

Working Groups (WGs) evaluate candidate projects based on their unique characteristics and use cases. There are no specific project criteria or required sizes, although WGs may consider factors such as research goals, potential impact, technical challenges, host institution and sponsor funding.

WGs typically discuss whether BIRN's capabilities will address the group's data usage requirements, which BIRN tools and areas of expertise would fit best, and related issues. BIRN strongly encourages inquiries from biomedical research groups nationwide.

Among the characteristics of groups likely to get the most out of BIRN: the need to exchange data between multiple sites on an ongoing basis, not just from one site to another or for a one-time-only project, and/or to make data from multiple sites publicly available.

On a social level, BIRN looks for groups that understand users’ data-sharing problems and can articulate how those issues affect them in day-to-day, real-world ways. Groups aren't expected to be technical wizards, but do need to be able to articulate specific data-sharing needs and problems.

BIRN contributes technical expertise, while users provide the knowledge specific to their fields. For instance, BIRN can advise on how to go about defining user needs and requirements, but only users can determine specifically what those factors should be. Because BIRN isn't a plug-and-play, off-the-shelf product, the network seeks prospective users who are committed to conceiving, designing, building and implementing the best solution for their circumstances.

title: Biomedical Informatics Research Network


text:
Ouargla Province

Ouargla or Warqla (ولاية ورقلة) is a province (wilaya) in eastern Algeria. Its capital is Ouargla. Other localities include Hassi Ben Abdellah and Hassi Messaoud. It borders Ouled Djellal Province, El M'Ghair Province Touggourt Province, and El Oued Province to the north, Tunisia to the east, In Salah Province and Illizi Province to the south, and El Menia Province, Ghardaia Province and Djelfa Province to the west. It contains the Issaouane Erg desert.

History
In the past Ouargla was the center of trading of gold and slaves, as well as being an important center of Ibadi Islam. However, the Ibadis have left for the M'zab valley.

In 1984 Illizi Province was carved out of its territory.

In 2019, Touggourt Province was carved out of its territory.

Administrative divisions
The province is divided into 6 districts (daïras), which are further divided into 10 communes or municipalities.

Geology
The region lies within the Algerian Triassic Sedimentary basin containing numerous oil and gas fields, including the Alrar gas field. Production is from Triassic sandstones with Andesitic seals and the Gothlandian shale as a source rock. Major fields include the Hassi R'Mel gas field, Haoud-Berkaolu, Ben-Kahla, and the Guellala.

title: Ouargla Province


text: User talk:65.117.217.237

title: User talk:65.117.217.237


text:
User:Chalst/funding

German sources

 * DAAD funding of Germans abroad

French sources
Normally to study for a PhD in France, one needs to complete the DEA exam (Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies), and most French PhD stipends require that this has been done. Hence outsiders wanting to study in France normally must find funding for a year's study for the DEA before they can seek funding for a PhD.
 * PhDs in France (French)

title: User:Chalst/funding


text:
Don Was

Don Edward Fagenson (born September 13, 1952), known professionally as Don Was, is an American musician, record producer, music director, film composer, documentary filmmaker and radio host. Since 2011, he has also served as president of the American jazz label Blue Note Records.

For his work as a record producer, he has won six Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year in 1989 for Bonnie Raitt's Nick of Time and Producer of the Year in 1994. In 1995 he produced and directed a documentary about the life of Brian Wilson, I Just Wasn't Made for These Times, that won the San Francisco Film Festival's Golden Gate Award. As a film composer, he won the 1994 British Academy Award (BAFTA) for Best Original Score in recognition of his work on the film Backbeat. He won the 2014 Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction for his work on the CBS TV special The Beatles: The Night That Changed America.

Records that he has produced have sold close to 100 million albums for a wide range of artists including The Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, Willie Nelson, John Mayer, Wayne Shorter, Kris Kristofferson, Iggy Pop, The B-52s, Brian Wilson, Elton John, Garth Brooks and Ryan Adams.

Primarily known as a bassist, he has toured as a member of Bob Weir and The Wolf Bros since 2018.

Life and career
Born in Detroit, Was graduated from Oak Park High School in the Detroit suburb of Oak Park, then attended the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor but dropped out after the first year. A journeyman musician, he grew up listening to the Detroit blues sound and the jazz music of John Coltrane and Miles Davis, amongst many others. As a teenager, Was was influenced by 1960s counterculture, most notably John Sinclair.

In high school, Was became the lead singer and guitar player in a Detroit rock band called the Saturns.

Using the stage name "Don Was", he formed the group Was (Not Was) with school friend David Weiss (David Was). The group found commercial success in the 1980s – releasing four albums and logging several hit records. Their biggest hit was "Walk the Dinosaur", from their album What up, Dog? A jazz/R&B album of Hank Williams covers, "Forever's A Long, Long Time" was released in 1997, under the name Orquestra Was. In 2008, Was (Not Was) reunited for a new album titled Boo! and tour.

Was has received six Grammy Awards including the 1994 Grammy Award for Producer of the Year. He produced several albums for Bonnie Raitt including her Nick of Time album that won the 1989 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. Don also collaborated with co-producer Ziggy Marley, on Family Time, winner of 2009's Best Musical Album For Children. He produced the Rolling Stones' 2016 album Blue and Lonesome, which won the Grammy for Best Traditional Blues album.

He served as music director and/or consultant for several motion pictures such as Thelma and Louise, The Rainmaker, Hope Floats, Phenomenon, Tin Cup, Honeymoon in Vegas, 8 Seconds, Switch, The Freshman, Days of Thunder, Michael, Prêt-à-Porter, Boys on the Side, Toy Story and The Paper.

In 1995, he directed and produced a documentary, I Just Wasn't Made for These Times, about former Beach Boy Brian Wilson. The film debuted at the Sundance Film Festival and won the San Francisco International Film Festival's Golden Gate Award. He also received the British Academy Award (BAFTA) for Best Original Score in recognition of his compositions for the film Backbeat.

Was, a longtime Rolling Stones fan who saw them in concert when he was 12 in 1964, has produced for the band since 1994, working on their albums Voodoo Lounge, Stripped, Bridges to Babylon, Forty Licks, Live Licks, A Bigger Bang, Blue & Lonesome and Hackney Diamonds. He also worked on the Rolling Stones' reissues of Exile on Main Street, released in May 2010, and of Some Girls released in October 2011. Was scoured old master recordings of the albums for lost outtakes, remastering some songs while producing entirely new vocals and tracks on others.

Was also produced the B-52's 1989 album Cosmic Thing, which included their hit "Love Shack".

Since 2008, Was has hosted the proceedings (and led the house band) at the Detroit All-Star Revue, an annual showcase of local acts from the Detroit music scene.

From 2009 to 2012, Don hosted a weekly radio show on Sirius XM satellite radio's Outlaw Country channel called The Motor City Hayride. During the 2011 season of American Idol, Was appeared in several episodes producing contestants Haley Reinhart, Scotty McCreery, Paul McDonald, Lauren Alaina and Casey Abrams.

In January 2012, he was appointed president of the jazz record label, Blue Note Records in succession to Bruce Lundvall.

He won the 2014 Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction for his work on the CBS TV special The Night That Changed America: A Grammy Salute to the Beatles.

On November 18, 2015, at DAR Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C., he led the house band that performed at a concert celebrating Willie Nelson, recipient of the 2015 Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song.

In 2018, Was joined former Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir and drummer Jay Lane to form Wolf Bros, a trio which undertook a North American tour in the fall of 2018, and continued with a second tour of twenty more shows in the spring of 2019.

On April 16, 2021, Was debuted a new radio show, the Don Was Motor City Playlist on WDET-FM, Detroit's NPR station, with co-host Ann Delisi.

Was played bass on the 2021 Bob Dylan recordings of "Blowin' in the Wind," "Masters of War," "The Times They Are A-Changin' (song)," "Simple Twist of Fate," "Gotta Serve Somebody," and "Not Dark Yet" produced by T-Bone Burnett and recorded and mixed by Michael Piersante for a one-time sale as Ionic Originals.

In 2023, it was announced that Was would join former Dead & Company members Weir, Lane, Jeff Chimenti, Oteil Burbridge and Mickey Hart as part of Dead Ahead, a four-day festival in Cancún, Mexico in early 2024.

Personal life
Was is the son of World War II veteran and Bronze Star Medal awardee Bill Fagenson, who served with the 96th Infantry, 381st Regiment. Was's sister is Nancy Potok, former Chief Statistician of the United States.

Was is married to former Virgin Records A&R executive and video director Gemma Corfield, and they have three sons who are also musicians—Tony, who played in Eve 6, Henry who plays in Thumpasaurus and Justin Jay's Fantastic Voyage, and Solomon who has played in Leven Kali and Felly.

Selected discography

 * 1981: Was (Not Was) – Was (Not Was) (bass, synthesizer, vocals, producer)
 * 1982: The Beat Goes On – Orbit featuring Carol Hall (co-producer)
 * 1983: Born to Laugh at Tornadoes – Was (Not Was) (producer, bass, keyboards, engineer)
 * 1984: Breathless – Figures on a Beach (producer)
 * 1984: Into the Hot – Floy Joy (producer)
 * 1985: Spoiled Girl – Carly Simon (producer)
 * 1985: TV Scene – Linda Di Franco (producer)
 * 1986 Weak in the Presence of Beauty – Floy Joy (producer)
 * 1986 Madness of It All – The Ward Brothers (producer)
 * 1986 "Cross That Bridge" – The Ward Brothers (producer)
 * 1988: What Up, Dog? – Was (Not Was) (producer, engineer, bass, guitar, keyboards)
 * 1989: Nick of Time – Bonnie Raitt (keyboards, producer)
 * 1989: Cosmic Thing – The B-52s (producer)
 * 1990: Take It to Heart – Michael McDonald (programming, producer, synthesizer, sequencing, synthesizer programming)
 * 1990: Brick by Brick – Iggy Pop (producer)
 * 1990: Under the Red Sky – Bob Dylan (bass, producer)
 * 1990: To Be Continued – Elton John (producer)
 * 1991: Khaled – Khaled (producer, bass, keyboards)
 * 1991: Are You Okay? – Was (Not Was) (producer, bass, engineer, guitar, vocals)
 * 1991: Luck of the Draw – Bonnie Raitt (producer)
 * 1991: The Fire Inside – Bob Seger (bass, producer)
 * 1992: Kirya – Ofra Haza (producer)
 * 1992: Arkansas Traveler – Michelle Shocked (producer)
 * 1992: Time Takes Time – Ringo Starr (producer)
 * 1992: Good Stuff – The B-52s (producer)
 * 1992: Read My Lips – A Thousand Points of Night (one-off side project alias)
 * 1992: Strange Weather – Glenn Frey (producer)
 * 1992: King of Hearts – Roy Orbison (producer, organ, background vocals)
 * 1992: Never Been Rocked Enough – Delbert McClinton (producer)
 * 1993: Across the Borderline – Willie Nelson (producer)
 * 1993: Thousand Roads – David Crosby (producer)
 * 1993: I'm Alive – Jackson Browne (producer)
 * 1994: Longing in Their Hearts – Bonnie Raitt (double bass on track 5, producer)
 * 1994: Voodoo Lounge – The Rolling Stones (producer)
 * 1994: Waymore's Blues (Part II) – Waylon Jennings (producer and bass)
 * 1995: The Road Goes on Forever – The Highwaymen (producer)
 * 1995: MTV Unplugged – Bob Dylan (mixing)
 * 1995: I Just Wasn't Made for These Times – Brian Wilson (producer)
 * 1995: Road Tested – Bonnie Raitt (producer)
 * 1995: Stripped – The Rolling Stones (producer, organ)
 * 1996: The Restless Kind – Travis Tritt (producer)
 * 1996: Organic – Joe Cocker (producer)
 * 1996: El Equilibrio de los Jaguares – Jaguares (producer)
 * 1997: Bridges to Babylon – The Rolling Stones (bass, keyboards, executive producer, producer, piano)
 * 1997: The Mommyheads – The Mommyheads (co-producer)
 * 1998: Undiscovered Soul – Richie Sambora (producer)
 * 1999: Suicaine Gratifaction – Paul Westerberg (producer)
 * 1999: Spirit of Music – Ziggy Marley (producer)
 * 1999: Avenue B – Iggy Pop (producer)
 * 1999: Garth Brooks in...the Life of Chris Gaines – Garth Brooks (producer)
 * 2000: Maroon – Barenaked Ladies (producer)
 * 2001: Lions – The Black Crowes (bass, producer, mixing)
 * 2002: The Wide World Over – The Chieftains (producer, bass)
 * 2003: Hootie & the Blowfish – Hootie & the Blowfish (producer)
 * 2004: Live Licks – The Rolling Stones (producer)
 * 2005: Countryman – Willie Nelson (producer)
 * 2005: Make Do with What You Got – Solomon Burke (producer)
 * 2005: A Bigger Bang – The Rolling Stones (producer, piano)
 * 2006: This Old Road – Kris Kristofferson (producer, piano, acoustic and upright bass)
 * 2006: Out of the Ashes – Jessi Colter (producer, bass)
 * 2006: Fly – Zucchero (producer)
 * 2008: Last Days at the Lodge – Amos Lee (producer)
 * 2008: Tennessee Pusher – Old Crow Medicine Show (producer)
 * 2008: Boo! – Was (Not Was) (producer, engineer, bass, keyboards, drums, vocals)
 * 2009: The Excitement Plan – Todd Snider (producer)
 * 2009: Shimmer (EP) – Pieta Brown (producer, bass)
 * 2009: Acquired Taste – Delbert McClinton (producer)
 * 2009: Closer to the Bone – Kris Kristofferson (producer)
 * 2009: California Years – Jill Sobule (producer, bass)
 * 2010: Y Not – Ringo Starr (bass)
 * 2010: Stone Temple Pilots – Stone Temple Pilots (producer)
 * 2010: Welder – Elizabeth Cook (producer)
 * 2010: The Union – Elton John & Leon Russell (bass)
 * 2010: Chocabeck – Zucchero (producer)
 * 2011: Wild and Free – Ziggy Marley (producer)
 * 2011: The Gate – Kurt Elling (producer)
 * 2011: Blessed – Lucinda Williams (producer)
 * 2012: Born and Raised – John Mayer (producer)
 * 2012: Born to Sing: No Plan B – Van Morrison (producer)
 * 2012: La sesion cubana – Zucchero (producer)
 * 2013: My True Story – Aaron Neville (co-producer with Keith Richards)
 * 2013: Paradise Valley – John Mayer (producer)
 * 2013: Una rosa blanca – Zucchero (producer)
 * 2014: You Should Be So Lucky – Benmont Tench (bass)
 * 2014: Melody Road – Neil Diamond (producer)
 * 2014: "All My Friends" concert, January 14, 2014 – a tribute to Gregg Allman (bass)
 * 2014: Rester Vivant – Johnny Hallyday (producer)
 * 2014: Everlasting – Martina McBride (producer)
 * 2014: Enjoy the View – Bobby Hutcherson, David Sanborn, Joey DeFrancesco (producer)
 * 2014: Heigh Ho – Blake Mills (bass)
 * 2014: All Rise: A Joyful Elegy for Fats Waller – Jason Moran (producer)
 * 2015: Yesterday I Had the Blues – Jose James (producer)
 * 2015: Duets: Re-working the Catalogue – Van Morrison (producer)
 * 2015: No Pier Pressure – Brian Wilson (bass)
 * 2015: 1 Hopeful Rd. – Vintage Trouble (producer)
 * 2016: Black Cat – Zucchero (producer)
 * 2016: Blue & Lonesome – The Rolling Stones (producer)
 * 2017: Southern Blood – Gregg Allman (producer)
 * 2020: Wednesdays – Ryan Adams (bass, double bass, producer)
 * 2021: Big Colors – Ryan Adams (producer)
 * 2021: Sob Rock – John Mayer (producer)
 * 2021: "Blowin' in the Wind," "Masters of War," "The Times They Are A-Changin' (song)," "Simple Twist of Fate," "Gotta Serve Somebody," and "Not Dark Yet" (bass)
 * 2022: Live in Colorado – Bobby Weir & Wolf Bros (double bass)
 * 2022: Live in Colorado Vol. 2 – Bobby Weir & Wolf Bros (double bass)
 * 2023: Hackney Diamonds – The Rolling Stones (additional producer on "Live by the Sword"

title: Don Was


text:
Guelma Province

Guelma Province (ولاية قالمة) is a province (wilaya) in eastern Algeria. Its namesake is its seat and most populous municipality: Guelma.

History
Its civilians suffered heavy casualties during the 1945 Sétif massacre by the French Army. The province itself was established in 1974. Before that, it was part of Annaba Province.

In 1984 El Taref Province and Souk Ahras Province were carved out of its territory.

Demographics
It has 429,998 inhabitants as of the 1998 census, one of the lower populations in the country, which gives it 39 seats in the APW, the province's assembly. The population density is 105 PD/sqkm. Of these, 54.4% live in urban areas and 87% have access to safe drinking water, lower than the national average of 89%. . Of the active population of the province, 23.3% work in agriculture, 17.9% in constructions, 9.9% in industry, and 48.9% in the services sector. 21.1% of the population is unemployed.]

Geography
The territory of the province (4,101 sqkm) is mainly composed of arable land (about 49%) or 1,890 sqkm, of which about 100 sqkm is irrigated, and the rest is rainfed. In the area surrounding Guelma, around 130 sqkm is irrigable, 110 sqkm in the area between Oued Zenati and Tamlouka, and 20 sqkm around Bouchegouf. Forests cover about 31% of the total area, which equals 0.9 sqkm, composed mainly of Aleppo Pine, Algerian Oak and Cork Oak. Areas dedicated for future industrial development, called activity zones in Algeria cover 2 sqkm.]

Administrative divisions
The province is divided into 10 districts (daïras), which are further divided into 34 communes or municipalities.

Districts

 * 1) Aïn Makhlouf
 * 2) Bouchegouf
 * 3) Guelaât Bou Sbaâ
 * 4) Guelma
 * 5) Hammam Debagh
 * 6) Hammam N'Bails
 * 7) Héliopolis
 * 8) Houari Boumédienne
 * 9) Khezaras
 * 10) Oued Zenati

Communes

 * 1) Aïn Ben Beida
 * 2) Houari Boumediene
 * 3) Aïn Larbi
 * 4) Aïn Makhlouf
 * 5) Aïn Reggada
 * 6) Aïn Sandel
 * 7) Belkheir
 * 8) Ben Djarah
 * 9) Beni Mezline
 * 10) Bordj Sabat
 * 11) Bou Hachana
 * 12) Bou Hamdane
 * 13) Bouati Mahmoud
 * 14) Boughouf
 * 15) Boumahra Ahmed
 * 16) Dahouara
 * 17) Djeballah Khemissi
 * 18) El Fedjoudj
 * 19) Guellat Bou Dbaa
 * 20) Guelma
 * 21) Hammam Debagh
 * 22) Hammam Nbail
 * 23) Héliopolis
 * 24) Kheraza
 * 25) Medjez Amar
 * 26) Medjez Sfa
 * 27) Nechmaya
 * 28) Oued Cheham
 * 29) Oued Fragha
 * 30) Oued Zenati
 * 31) Ras El Agba
 * 32) Roknia
 * 33) Salaoua Announa
 * 34) Tamlouka

Notable residents

 * Houari Boumédienne, President of Algeria
 * Saint Possidius, bishop of Calama (Guelma) (5th century)

title: Guelma Province


text:
St Lawrence Ground

The St Lawrence Ground is a cricket ground in Canterbury, Kent. It is the home ground of Kent County Cricket Club and since 2013 has been known as The Spitfire Ground, St Lawrence, due to commercial sponsorship. It is one of the oldest grounds on which first-class cricket is played, having been in use since 1847, and is the venue for Canterbury Cricket Week, the oldest cricket festival in the world. It is one of the two grounds used regularly for first-class cricket that have had a tree, the St Lawrence Lime, within the boundary.

Capacity at the ground was increased to 15,000 in 2000, and four One Day International matches have been played there, one each in 1999 (part of the 1999 Cricket World Cup), 2000, 2003 and 2005. The ground was the venue for the first day/night County Championship match, played as a trial in September 2011.

History
The ground was first established in 1847 on farmland owned by the fourth Baron Sondes. The land was the site of the St Lawrence Hospital, a leper hospital founded in the mid-12th century, and immediately to the south of the Old Dover Road, which follows the line of the Roman road that ran from Dover to Canterbury. A Tudor manor house had been built on the site after the dissolution of the hospital in the mid 16th century and this had been demolished by 1839. In the 18th century the house was known as St Lawrence.

The ground was laid out by Fuller Pilch, a professional cricketer who had been the groundsman at Town Malling and, from 1842, the Beverley Ground in north-east Canterbury. Kent County Cricket Club had been formed at the Beverley Ground in 1842 and the St Lawrence Ground was established to be used for their Canterbury Cricket Week in 1847. The 1847 Cricket Week saw the first first-class cricket matches held on the ground, with Kent playing England and the Gentlemen of Kent playing the Gentlemen of England.

Initially, the St Lawrence ground was used only for the annual Cricket Week, and pasture land for the rest of the each year. A St Lawrence Cricket Club was formed in 1864 specifically to use the ground more regularly for cricket and improvements began to be made to the ground in the 1870s after the amalgamation of the East (Beverley) and West (Maidstone) Kent Cricket Clubs, forming the current Kent County Cricket Club. The ground was purchased for £4,500 by the county club from the 2nd Earl Sondes in 1896, a purchase partly funded by public subscription, and became Kent's headquarters,   although it was only used for county cricket during the Canterbury week until well into the 20th century.

Prior to the purchase of the ground there were few permanent structures on it, accommodation during Cricket Week being provided in tents. The Iron Stand (now named the Les Ames Stand) is the oldest building still on the ground and was built in 1890; this was followed by the Pavilion, which was opened in 1900, and the adjacent Annexe Stand, originally built in 1907.

Kent's first County Championship title in 1906 was marked by the commissioning of a painting of the team playing Lancashire on the ground. The painting, Kent vs Lancashire at Canterbury by Albert Chevallier Tayler, depicts a view of the ground from the Nackington Road End with Colin Blythe, Kent's greatest pre-war bowler, bowling from the Pavilion End of the ground. The Pavilion can be seen clearly behind Blythe. The painting was hung in the Pavilion until 1999, when insurance payments proved too expensive and it was loaned to the MCC and hung in the Long Room at Lord's. It was permanently sold to MCC in 2006 and remains in the Lord's Pavilion, with a copy hanging in the St Lawrence Ground Pavilion.

Kent won three more County Championships in the years before World War I. War was declared during Canterbury Week in 1914, although cricket continued until the end of the season and matches were moved to the ground from Dover due to wartime activity. During the war, the ground was used by the military and occupied by the Field Ambulance detachment of the South Eastern Mounted Brigade. Horses were stabled along the south side of the ground, including in the Iron Stand. During World War II the ground was used as an alternative civil defence control centre. The Frank Woolley Stand was built adjacent to the Pavilion in the 1920s, and the Colin Cowdrey Stand added in the 1980s. Significant redevelopment was undertaken at the ground during the early 21st century, during which land was sold for housing.

Cricketing feats to have taken place on the ground include the first triple century scored in top-class cricket, by WG Grace in 1876 playing for the MCC against Kent. As of 2018 it remains the only triple century to have been scored on the ground. Kent leg-spinner Doug Wright took his seventh first-class hat-trick on the ground in 1949, a world record that remains to this day. Six of Wright's hat-tricks were taken while playing for Kent, although only the last was taken on the ground.

Kent have played more than 950 top-class matches on the ground, including over 550 first-class games. It was the venue for the first day/night County Championship match, played as a trial in September 2011, and regularly stages day/night limited-overs matches. It has been used for four men's one-day international matches and for women's international cricket Test matches and one-day matches, as well as for games by England Lions and age-group sides. In 2014, the ground was the venue for the first cricket match to be played between the Vatican and the Church of England.

The ground has been known as The Spitfire Ground, St Lawrence since a 2013 sponsorship deal between the club and local brewery Shepherd Neame. The deal gave naming rights to the ground for a ten-year period to the company, which has been a long-term sponsor of the club and brews a beer named Spitfire. The Supermarine Spitfire is associated with the Battle of Britain, much of which was fought in the skies above the county in 1940 and after which Kent's limited-overs team is named.

Lime tree
The playing surface of most cricket grounds are devoid of any trees or shrubs. The St Lawrence Ground was an exception: when the ground opened in 1847 it was laid out around a pre-existing lime tree, which was then about 40 years old. The presence of a tree within the playing area required special local rules. Shots that touched the tree were counted as a four, even if they ricocheted and cleared the boundary rope, and no batsman could be out caught off a rebound. Only four cricketers are known to have hit the ball over the tree to score a six: Arthur 'Jacko' Watson of Sussex in 1925, the West Indies' Learie Constantine in 1928, Middlesex's Jim Smith in 1939, and Kent's Carl Hooper in 1992.

The tree was diagnosed with fungal heart rot in the 1990s, so was pollarded to encourage new growth. This reduced the height from over 120 ft to around 90 ft. On 7 January 2005 high winds caused the trunk to snap in two, killing the 200-year-old tree and leaving a 7 ft stump. Wood from the dead tree was made into mementos and sold to supporters.

A new lime tree was planted outside the playing area in 1999 by EW Swanton, with plans to use it as a replacement. The club moved it within the playing area on 8 March 2005, though it was then less than 6 ft in height. Redevelopment of the north side of the ground in 2017 forced the boundary to be brought forward, so it is no longer possible for the tree to be part of the playing area.

Stands and structures
The ground includes five stands, four of which are named after famous Kent cricketers. These provide seating for over 2,500 spectators. Outdoor, uncovered seating provides another 3,400 seats.

The Frank Woolley Stand was built in 1927 to replace a wooden structure known as the Telegraph Stand, which had been used for journalists and the scorers. It is a two-tier, cantilevered stand which cost almost £6,000 to build and held almost 1,700 spectators when it was first built. It was one of the largest cantilevered stands in the world when opened, and was known as the Concrete Stand until being renamed to honour Frank Woolley in 1973. Woolley, who played for the county either side of World War I, is the county's leading run scorer and has made the most appearances for the side. He played 64 Test matches for England and was an inaugural member of the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame in 2009. The stand was refurbished in 1972 and in 2012 Kent launched an appeal to raise money to construct a new stand to replace the existing structure.

The Colin Cowdrey Stand was built in the 1980s, partly financed by the sale of mementos after the pollarding of the lime tree that stood on the ground, and formally named after Kent's longest-serving captain during Canterbury Week in 1992. It is a three-storey stand with a conference room, club shop and outside seating for members on the ground floor. The Cornwallis Room, an indoor viewing area with catering facilities named after Stanley Cornwallis who captained the side in the 1920s, is on the first floor and the Harris Room, a function room with outdoor seating used for hospitality purposes and named after Lord Harris, one of the club's most important personalities, is on the second floor.

The Les Ames Stand, closest to the Nackington Road entrance, has no public seating. Since redevelopment it consists of a public bar on the ground-floor level with 16 hospitality boxes and the main scoreboard directly above. The scoreboard, which dates from the 1930s, is one of only two manual scoreboards still in use at any major county ground in England or Wales. The indoor cricket school, which stands behind the Cowdrey Stand, was rebuilt in the early 1990s and opened in 1992, replacing a previous building which had itself been rebuilt in 1976. An extension was added in 1995. It is named after Ames and Hopper Levett, another of Kent's line of wicket-keepers. It includes indoor cricket nets and a sports hall as well as an outdoor astroturf surface and is the base for the Kent Cricket Academy which works with young players across the county. A sports and physiotherapy clinic operates from the same building and provides physiotherapy support to Kent's players.

The Pavilion was built in 1900 on an area of the ground where tents had previously been pitched during Canterbury Week. It is a two-tiered building, originally housing a luncheon room, committee room and changing rooms on the ground floor with seating for spectators on the first-floor and veranda. It is named the Chiesman Pavilion after a major benefactor of the club in the 1960s and 70s. The ground floor contains a large room modelled on the Long Room at Lord's and the upper floor has seating for members. Mobile sightscreens run along the ground floor of the building as well as along the front of the Woolley Stand. The Annexe Stand was built in 1907 adjacent to the Pavilion, and includes seating on two levels. It was originally built as an annexe to the Pavilion for ladies and was renamed the Underwood and Knott Stand in 2011, recognising the bowler–wicket-keeper partnership of Derek Underwood and Alan Knott. The stand contains a press room for journalists on the first floor and the Pavilion includes a radio commentary room. The gap between the two stands was filled in the 1970s by a set of changing rooms. This included an entrance to the field of play for players, who had previously walked through the Pavilion and on to the field through a gate at the front of the building, as at Lord's. The changing rooms were remodelled during redevelopment of the ground in 2010–11 and an extra floor added to the building. Both the Pavilion and the Annexe stands were refurbished at the same time.

During the redevelopment of the ground, a set of offices were built adjacent to the Underwood and Knott Stand. These include a cafe on the ground floor, named after the ground's famous lime tree. The electronic scoreboard, which used to stand on this part of the ground, was moved to the northern side of the ground before being replaced, in 2017, by a new LCD scoreboard on the north-east corner of the ground.

Memorials
The Blythe Memorial was established on the ground in 1919 in remembrance of Colin Blythe and the other Kent players who had died during World War I. Blythe was Kent's leading bowler during the pre-war period and played Test cricket for England. He was the most high-profile cricketer to die during the war when he was killed, aged 38, near Ypres in October 1917 whilst serving in the Royal Engineers.

The memorial was unveiled in August 1919 and commemorated Blythe and the 12 other Kent cricketers who died during the war. The names of 12 more men were added to it after World War II. It stood at the Old Dover Road entrance to the ground until 2010 when it was removed for safe keeping during redevelopment of the ground. The memorial was rededicated on the centenary of Blythe's death in 2018 on a new site at the Nackington Road entrance behind the Les Ames Stand. Some of Blythe's personal possessions, including two wallets he was carrying when he was killed and which were torn by the shrapnel which killed him, are on display inside the Pavilion on the ground.

A memorial to Fuller Pilch, who established the ground in 1847, was moved from his grave at St Gregory's church in the city to the ground in 1978. The graveyard had fallen into disuse and the memorial was moved to the ground where it stood, near to the Blythe memorial, until redevelopment in 2010 when it was also removed for safe keeping to a stone mason's yard.

The front of the Pavilion features a number of memorial plaques, including a memorial to the members of Band of Brothers, an amateur cricket club closest associated with Kent, who died during World War I and II and the bronze which was used to cast the original Fuller Pilch memorial.

Ground redevelopment
The club announced in late 2006 that it would seek to redevelop the ground. The planned £9 million development would include a hotel, health and fitness centre and conference facilities and would have involved the removal of the Les Ames Stand (the former Iron Stand) at the Nackington Road End of the ground, the oldest structure on the ground. The plans involved the upgrading of the pavilion and other stands on the ground. Money for the project would be raised by the building of private housing on the nets behind the pavilion and on the car park of the local pub, the Bat and Ball.

The plans were controversial and the Kent Committee suggested that if they were not approved by the membership of the club that an alternative might be to move the county's headquarters to a ground closer to the M25 in order to attract more spectators. Following problems associated with the global economic downturn the redevelopment plans were put on indefinite "hold" in 2008.

The plans were resurrected in summer 2009 and in March 2010 the club confirmed that Bellway would be its housing partner for the redevelopment project after the financial collapse of Persimmon Homes, the original housing developer. Work started in September 2010 on developing the ground. Five permanent, retractable floodlight pylons were installed in the 2010–11 off-season and the dressing rooms were refurbished and redeveloped. The floodlights replaced temporary lights which had proved unreliable in strong winds and had restricted the county's ability to play evening Twenty20 matches.

Land behind the Pavilion was sold to Bellway in 2011 and in March 2012 a new Sainsbury's Local convenience store opened. This faces out of the ground and occupies the ground floor of the new club administration building alongside the Lime Tree Cafe inside the ground. The building was partly funded by a loan from Canterbury City Council.

In 2013, the club announced they had been unable to find a partner for the hotel and fitness centre and instead hoped to build 60 retirement flats on the northern side of the ground. Canterbury City Council initially rejected the planning application in late 2014, but the decision was overturned and construction began in 2016 and was completed by the start of the 2018 season. The new plans were restricted to the northern edge of the ground along the Old Dover Road and ensured that the Les Ames Stand was retained on the ground. The development was opened in 2017 and named Freeman House in honour of Kent's leading wicket-taker, Tich Freeman. At the same time, a new electronic scoreboard was installed near to the apartments.

Transport
The ground is located 1 mi south-east of the centre of Canterbury on the B2068 Old Dover Road. The Nackington Road runs along the eastern edge of the ground. It is 1 mi from Canterbury East railway station on the London Victoria to Dover line. Canterbury West railway station, on the other side of the city centre, is 1.5 mi away and is on the London Charing Cross to Ramsgate line and High Speed 1 from London St Pancras to Margate.

Although it remains possible to park cars on the boundary edge, redevelopment has restricted the number that can be driven onto the ground and parking is now restricted to car-parking season-ticket holders, with a small number of parking spaces reserved for disabled drivers. Car parking is available for some days at Simon Langton Girls' Grammar School, which is adjacent to the ground on the Nackington Road side, while Canterbury City Council's large Old Dover Road park-and-ride facility is within a 10–15 minutes' walk from the ground. Canterbury Park and Ride buses stop immediately outside the ground on their way into the city, and other local bus services serve the ground either from outside it or on the A2050 New Dover Road 200 m from the entrance to the ground.

Other uses
The ground has been used for a number of music concerts, beginning with Elton John who appeared at the ground in 2006. In recent years, concerts, which take place during the summer using a temporary stage at the Nackington Road end of the ground, have featured artists such as Madness, Olly Murs, Bryan Adams, Tom Jones, and Michael Bublé. It has been used as a venue for the Canterbury Festival, an arts festival held in the city each autumn, hosting the Spiegeltent. Rooms at the ground can be hired for a number of purposes and the cafe and cricket shop open throughout the year.

A fireworks display is held at the ground annually around Guy Fawkes Night.

Records on the ground
Over 600 first-class and 350 List A matches have been played on the ground.

All records last updated 30 November 2021

First-class cricket

 * Highest total: 676 by the Australians against Kent, 1921
 * Lowest total: 30 by Gentlemen of England against Gentlemen of Kent, 1859
 * Highest partnership: 423 unbroken, 2nd wicket by JM Cox and JA Leaning, for Kent against Sussex, 2020
 * Highest individual score: 344, WG Grace for Gentlemen of the MCC against Kent, 1876
 * Best bowling in an innings: 10/69, EM Grace for Gentlemen of the MCC against Kent, 1862
 * Best bowling in a match: 18/96, H Arkwright for Gentlemen of the MCC against Gentlemen of Kent, 1861

List A cricket

 * Highest total: 425/1 by England Lions against Sri Lanka A, 2016
 * Lowest total: 60 by Derbyshire against Kent, 2008
 * Highest partnership: 367, 2nd wicket by DJ Bell-Drummond and BM Duckett for England Lions against Sri Lanka A, 2016
 * Highest individual score: 220 not out, BM Duckett for England Lions against Sri Lanka A, 2016
 * Best bowling: 6/17, AJ Hollioake for Surrey against Kent, 2003

Twenty20 cricket

 * Highest total: 250/6 by Surrey against Kent, 2018
 * Lowest total: 93 by Durham against Kent, 2009
 * Highest partnership: 169, 1st wicket by T Banton and DP Conway for Somerset against Kent, 2021
 * Highest individual score: 129, DT Christian for Middlesex against Kent, 2014
 * Best bowling: 5/21, Imran Qayyum for Kent against Somerset, 2019

title: St Lawrence Ground