text:
Talk:Free Soil Party

Suggestion to change the name from United States Free Soil Party to Free Soil Party
Is there any good reason this isn't a Free Soil Party?--Pharos 11:08, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Good question, but are there / have there been Free Soil Parties in other countries? dino 20:39, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I rather doubt it; the U.S. had a historically unusual situation with slavery practiceed in some parts of the country but banned in other areas, and "Free Soil" is not exactly a standard name for a political ideology. Currently, Free Soil Party redirects here anyway.  That said, if anyone knows of another "Free Soil Party", I'd be very interested to hear about it.--Pharos 20:54, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This article has been renamed as the result of a move request. United States Free Soil Party → Free Soil Party Pretty simple; there was never a 'Free Soil Party' except in the United States.--Pharos 18:27, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Cleaning up redirects after this move should be easy, as many already point to Free Soil Party (or simular). Jonathunder 19:10, 2005 Feb 28 (UTC)
 * Moved. violet/riga (t) 23:04, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

The free soil movement existed before and after the Free Soil Party. The Free Soil Party grew out of this movement. "Free soil" is also very closely associated with free labor (as opposed to slave labor). The two should not be merged. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Connor.rowe (talk • contribs) 05:19, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

 * the political term "Free Soil" originated in 1847. Rjensen 08:07, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Merge Free soil with Free Soil Party
Apparantly there's no thing for this, but I see no reason why it shouldn't be done- honstly, I don't see any information in Free Soil that isn't in this page already. --  Th  e  True  Sora  13:58, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

 * No one seems to object so I will put a redirect on the Free Soil page. Rjensen 14:14, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Typo
Question: Should "part" read "party"? "The Compromise of 1850 undercut the part's no-compromise position, and its vote fell off sharply." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 169.231.18.25 (talk) 19:05, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

FSP's new candidate
I know this sounds like a joke, but it seems to be serious: notorious radical feminist Cheryl Lyndsey Seelhoff, a.k.a. "Heart", announced her candidacy for President of the United States, running on the Free Soil Party ticket. I suppose this is worth mention in this article. -- Stormwatch 00:04, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Seelhoff was previously the subject of a biographical article on Wikipedia, which was deleted due to lack of reliable sources documenting notability. The modern "Free Soil Party" appears to consist of a blog only, and to not have any significant real-life presence.--Pharos 16:32, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor and Free Men
I have changed "'Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor and Free Man" (in the singular) to "Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor and Free Men" (in the plural). Unless the quote given is a notable exception ("...we inscribe on our banner, 'Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor and Free Man,' and under it we will fight on and fight ever, until a triumphant victory shall reward our exertions"), I do not remember ever hearing (or reading) "free men" other than in the plural. Asteriks (talk) 03:48, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

Moved highly questionable intro material
""The Free Soilers were against the expansion of slavery, but did not call for the abolition of slavery in states where it already existed; their goal was to gain the land to the west, and keep the land free of both blacks and slaves. ""

First off, a lot of free soilers were adamantly anti-slavery in all forms, while others figured if they stopped the expansion of slavery that slavery would slowly die out in the old states. Additionally,the actually worked to remove laws, like the Ohio black laws that discimnated against blacks. Frankly, all of this completely contradicts these highly absurd claims made above.66.190.29.150 (talk) 11:37, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Realistic politicians recognized the basic fact that the U.S. constitution as it then existed did not give the Federal government any powers to directly intervene against slavery inside the slave states, and therefore sought to work against slavery on other fronts... AnonMoos (talk) 11:10, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

More on Liberty Party connection
I added a mention of the Liberty party to the article, but there should probably be more about its relationship to the founding of the Free Soil party, and influence on it (for example, Salmon P. Chase came to the Free Soil party from the Liberty Party). AnonMoos (talk) 11:01, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

Active in 1841
There was a full slate of Free Soil candidates in every election in Washtenaw County, MI starting in 1841, so I think we're missing some early history here. Source: Past and Present of Washtenaw County, Michigan, By Samuel Willard Beakes, p. 661. Kendall-K1 (talk) 15:39, 16 October 2011 (UTC)

 * This article refers to a political organization which grew out of a particular 1847-1848 "moment", when the Wilmot Proviso turmoil came together with the dissatisfaction of the New York state "Barnburners" to create a new alliance, which partially followed in the path pioneered by the Liberty Party. Any candidates running in Michigan in 1841 could not have belonged to the organization covered by this article (though they may have had a somewhat similar political viewpoint). AnonMoos (talk) 06:20, 17 October 2011 (UTC)

Ideology infobox
I removed "manifest destiny" from the ideology field of the article infobox, because bellicose advocates for aggressive expansion of the territory of the United states did not congregate in the Free Soil Party (in fact, the Free Soil Party contained many opponents of the Mexican war). The great majority of Free Soilers certainly agreed that U.S. settlers should fill in the sparsely inhabited good agricultural lands which the U.S. already possessed, but so did the great majority of the U.S. population in general at that time. Also "free market" in the ideology field might give a misleading impression. The Free Soil Party certainly believed in keeping the wheels of commerce turning, but many members of the party thought that the main point of such commerce was to benefit family farmers and small tradesmen... AnonMoos (talk) 02:55, 24 May 2016 (UTC)

Again ("free trade")
In the context of 19th-century U.S. politics, "Free Trade" meant low tariffs, but the Free-Soilers—while they weren't for high tariffs—supported federal spending on river and harbor improvements, and "such a tariff of duties as will raise revenue adequate to defray the expenses of the federal government" and to pay down the debt. In general, no party that mainly attracted northern support ca. 1850 could be as emphatically low-tariff as southern interests were. Such views on the party's ideology need to be supported in the body of the article (and preferably be discussed on this article talk page first), and not just be added to the ideology field of the infobox... AnonMoos (talk) 07:40, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

Platforms
I stumbled across "The National Conventions and Platforms of All Political Parties 1789-1905" book by Thomas Hudson McKee, which contains the text of the 1848 and 1852 platforms. I may eventually include excerpts in the article... AnonMoos (talk) 18:05, 23 June 2017 (UTC)

Opposition party
That's often a vague label for all those opposed to Democrats in 1854-1855 (not a formally-organized party, by the way), among other uses. In some uses, it can refer more to old-line Whigs (who became politically homeless after the Whig party started disintegrating) than it does to Free Soilers. The Opposition Party (Northern U.S.) article has some problems now (see Talk:Opposition Party (Northern U.S.)), and I really don't know what would be clarified by changing "Anti-Nebraska movement" to "Opposition party" in this article... AnonMoos (talk) 08:50, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

Kalamazoo, Michigan, and the Formation of the Republican Party of Michigan
What relevance does this source have to the claim that the Free Soil Party was center-right? The essay never describes the Party as right-wing, and even describes pro-slavery Whigs as “conservative”. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.176.43.77 (talk) 13:52, 26 February 2022 (UTC)

 * Pro-slavery vs. Anti-Slavery didn't really translate along a conventional left-right divide. The real "conservatives" ca. 1850 (in the sense of people who wanted the least disruption to the existing order), like the silver-gray faction of Whigs, mainly thought that people on all sides in politics should talk a lot less about slavery.
 * For some reason, people keep adding or trying to add stuff to the "ideology" and/or "political position" fields of the infobox without any real supporting discussion in the text of the article, which doesn't seem useful to me (see )... AnonMoos (talk) 23:03, 26 February 2022 (UTC)

Ideology in infobox
First off, people who only edit the "ideology" field in the infobox, without contributing to the article in any other way, are annoying. Second, the slavery issue ca. 1850 did not really align along left vs. right in any simple manner (as I tried to explain above). For that matter, it might be difficult to classify the ca. 1850 major parties of Whigs and Democrats along a left-right axis as those terms are commonly understood today. ("Hamiltonian" vs. "Jeffersonian" would be more useful.) In any case, people living in the United States ca. 1850 did not commonly use the words "left" and "right" with political meanings (except when referring to the French Revolution)! AnonMoos (talk) 09:20, 19 June 2022 (UTC)

right vs. left
It seems to be extremely important for some people to categorize this party as "right" or "left", but it's not very important in understanding the Free Soil Party. I'm not reverting right now, but people who only edit the ideology field of the infobox are not doing anything very useful, as I've said before. AnonMoos (talk) 16:56, 11 July 2022 (UTC)

 * I say we just change it so that the political position part is gone as the party does not clearly align with the right or the left. Besides, the Free Soil Party was a big tent party anyway. -Blue Director (talk) 20:25, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Since nobody has replied, I am going to change the political ideology section since the source does not say anything about whether the party was center-left or center-right. -Blue Director (talk) 20:16, 29 July 2022 (UTC)

 * I concur. Curbon7 (talk) 21:12, 29 July 2022 (UTC)

Suggestion to reframe article
Part wasn't anti-slavery they were anti-expansion of slavery to secure economic opportunities for northerners in the west -- 15:22, 17 November 2023 Milanmish

 * Most in the party were not abolitionists as such, and they recognized that the U.S. Constitution as it existed at that time did not give the federal government any authority over slavery inside the slave states. However, many of them, like a large number of US Northerners ca. 1850, thought that slavery was morally evil, and their desire to exclude slavery from the territories went together with thinking it was morally evil, yet their practical politics was mostly concerned with benefiting White people. AnonMoos (talk) 13:46, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Free Soil Party


text:
Carat (board game)

Carat is an abstract tile laying German style board game designed by Dirk Henn and published in 1993 by Queen Games and db Spiele. In 2004, after the success of Alhambra, Queen Games released an updated version of the game with an Arabian theme called Die Gärten der Alhambra.

Gameplay
The game board consists of regular octagons and squares, tiled such that each square is surrounded by four octagons. Players first take turns to place square tiles on the squares to set up the game. They then place octagonal tiles around the squares. Each square tile is worth a number of victory points, and each octagonal tile contains a number of each player's influence markers. When a square tile is surrounded by octagonal tiles, each player totals the number of influence markers around that tile. The player with the highest unique number of influence markers scores the victory points for that square tile - so if two players tie for first place, the third player will win the victory points. When all tiles are placed, the player with the most victory points is the winner.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Carat (board game)


text:
Derby, South Africa

Derby is a small town situated in North West Province of South Africa that was named after the British Secretary of State Lord Derby. Derby began as a refuge for destitute people.

Village 117 km west-north-west of Johannesburg, 60 km south-west of Rustenburg and 17 km east of Koster. Laid out on portions of the farms Rietfontein and Vlakfontein, it was named after Lord Derby, British Secretary of State.

title: Derby, South Africa


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Cryptography/February 2005

{| cellspacing="3" width="100%" Summary of March
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New articles
User:Decrypt3 authored an article on the RSA problem.

An anonymous contributor provided new articles on two stream cipher designs: MUGI and MULTI-S01.

User:Mouser has contributed three articles on some classical ciphers, together with their inventor: Four-square cipher, Two-square cipher and Felix Delastelle.

Two stubs have been created for crypto-people: one for Edward Travis, the second director of Bletchley Park. The other was for a more modern cryptographer, Professor Bart Preneel. A new stub on Banburismus, the Bletchley Park technique for breaking Naval Enigma, has been started. Another anonymous contributor began twin articles on two US cryptologic organisations, the Army's Signals Intelligence Service and the Navy's OP-20-G.

User:Matt Crypto has contributed articles on three obscure cipher devices: C-52, CD-57 and HC-9

Project
In a Slashdot discussion on the continuing debate over the merits of Wikipedia as an encyclopedia, the following comment was posted:
 * The modern Brittanica is both huge and for many purposes useless. If you want detailed information on a topic like cryptography you will find maybe a short article on RSA in Brittanica but unlikely to find out very much. Wikipedia on the other hand has extensive in depth coverage of far more obscure points. —

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Article improvements
A new navigation box for stream ciphers has been rolled out, originally contributed by an anonymous editor: Template:Stream ciphers.

User:Logologist has been working on bringing Wikipedia's coverage of Enigma history articles up to scratch, particularly the articles on Marian Rejewski and Ultra.

On 16 February, Bruce Schneier reported a break into SHA-1 by Chinese researchers Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu. Wikipedia response was rapid, updating the article an hour after Schneier's posted his blog entry. Wikipedia articles were referenced several times in the subsequent Slashdot story.

Password has undergone a major rewrite and expansion, much of which was undertaken by User:ArnoldReinhold. This month, the article grew from 2500 words to 3200.

Similarly, Cryptographically strong and Electronic signature was expanded and rewritten by User:Ww.

The "Key Exchange" section of Quantum cryptography has been rewritten by an anonymous user.

User:Matt Crypto adapted a public-domain NSA article to expand the Wikipedia treatment of US cryptanalyst Solomon Kullback, and also performed a revision of Pretty Good Privacy.

 * - valign="top"

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Discussions
A discussion about bias in Digital Rights Management has arisen: Talk:Digital rights management.

New participants
User:Ral315 announced himself as interested in the Cryptography WikiProject, and gave an invitation to take part in a Maths WikiPortal:
 * "I'm an amateur mathematician, freshman in college, and creator of the Math WikiPortal. Check it out sometime!"

WikiReader Cryptography
The project to build a WikiReader in Cryptography has carried on quietly this month. A request for Peer Review was lodged at Peer Review. In response, User:Taxman suggested that the final formatting included clear separation for each article (unlike the current mockup) and commented:
 * "...Otherwise it is looking good overall and is making progress. Thanks for all of your work."

Images created by Wikipedians
User:ArnoldReinhold took this photograph of a range of CryptoCard security tokens:
 * Image:SecurityTokens.CryptoCard.agr.jpg — Security token

Images found by Wikipedians
User:Emax has found several images of Polish cryptologists who broke Enigma:
 * Image:Marian Rejewski.jpg — Marian Rejewski
 * Image:Dyplom Rejewskiego.jpg — Marian Rejewski
 * Image:Jerzy Rozycki.jpg — Jerzy Rozycki
 * Image:Henryk Zygalski.jpg — Henryk Zygalski
 * Image:Henryk Zygalski2.jpg — Henryk Zygalski

User:Matt Crypto located thumbnails of two US cryptographers:
 * Image:Mauborgne.jpg — Joseph Mauborgne
 * Image:Solomon-kullback.jpg — Solomon Kullback

User:Securiger provided a copy of a forged postscript to Mary, Queen of Scots' letter to Anthony Babington:
 * Image:Babington postscript.jpg — Babington plot

 * width="50%" valign="top" style="border: 1px solid gray; padding-left:1em;padding-right:0.1em;padding-top:0.5em"|

Images licensed under the GFDL for Wikipedia
This month we've managed to negotiate a number of images to be used within Wikipedia thanks to the kind courtesy of a number of non-Wikipedians who granted permission to use their photographs under the terms of the GFDL (the basic license Wikipedia uses):

Bob Lord: Professor Arturo Quirantes Sierra:
 * Image:Enigma-rotor-pin-contacts.jpg — Enigma machine
 * Image:Enigma-rotor-flat-contacts.jpg — Enigma machine
 * Image:Enigma-rotor-stack.jpg — Enigma machine
 * Image:Enigma-plugboard.jpg — Enigma machine
 * Image:Enigma-machine-bob-lord.jpg
 * Image:Rotor-bottom-1000.jpg — NEMA (machine)
 * Image:F-rotor-top-1000.jpg — NEMA (machine)
 * Image:Cover-open-1000.jpg — NEMA (machine)
 * Image:Top-keyboard-1000.jpg — NEMA (machine)
 * Image:Typex-Mk-III.jpg — Typex

Tatjana van Vark:
 * Image:Tatjana van Vark machine rotors.jpg
 * Image:Tatjavanvark-rotors.jpg — Rotor machine
 * Image:Tatjavanavark-machine.jpg — Enigma machine

Professor Chris Christensen:
 * Image:Kryha-1.jpg — Kryha
 * Image:Kryha-2.jpg — Kryha

Professor Thomas B. Perera:
 * Image:FIALKA-overall.jpg — Fialka
 * Image:FIALKA-rotors-in-machine.jpg — Fialka
 * Image:FIALKA-rotors-closeup-on-shaft.jpg — Fialka

J. D. Abolins:
 * Image:Sigfoy2004a-1.jpg — M-325

 * - valign="top"
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Gallery of new images

 * }


text:
Jorge Drexler

Jorge Abner Drexler Prada (born September 21, 1964) is a Uruguayan musician, actor and doctor specializing in otolaryngology.

In 2004, Drexler won wide acclaim after becoming the first Uruguayan to win an Academy Award, which he won for composing the song "Al Otro Lado del Río" from The Motorcycle Diaries.

Early life
Drexler was born in Montevideo. In 1939 his father, a German Jew from Berlin, fled to Bolivia with his family at the age of four to escape Nazi persecution. His mother is a Christian of mixed Spanish, French, and Portuguese descent. Drexler was raised Jewish, but does not follow any organized religion.

Like many of his family, he studied medicine and became an otorhinolaryngologist—an ear, nose and throat specialist. Drexler began playing piano at age five, before attending guitar and composition classes. Although he had an interest in music, he became a doctor like both of his parents. He attended medical school in Montevideo. During his time in medical school, Drexler took a break to hitchhike through Brazil. He also studied music and recorded two albums, which were only released in Uruguay.

Career
In 1995 he was invited to Madrid by well-known Spanish songwriter Joaquín Sabina, who introduced him to other important Spanish singers. Drexler went to Spain to record the album Vaivén in 1996 with Spanish musicians. Vaivén included some old songs from his previous releases mixed with new compositions. He moved to Spain and recorded another four albums: Llueve (1997), Frontera (1999), Sea (2001) and Eco (2004). In 2001, Drexler co-wrote two songs for Spanish singer Rosario Flores ("Agua y Sal" and "Rosa y Miel") for her album Muchas Flores.

Drexler's song "Al Otro Lado del Río" appeared in the internationally acclaimed film The Motorcycle Diaries. Though Drexler himself sang the song on the movie soundtrack, he was not allowed to perform the song at the 2005 Academy Awards, since "he was not popular enough," according to Spanish newspaper El País; Spanish actor Antonio Banderas and Mexican-American musician Carlos Santana sang the track instead. Upon winning, Drexler recited two verses of the song at the podium. Drexler became the first Uruguayan to win an Academy Award.

After that, he released 12 Segundos de Oscuridad (2006); this album contained ten original songs and two covers: "High and Dry" from British band Radiohead and "Disneylandia" from Brazilian Titãs. Although he lives most of the year in Spain, his albums were partially recorded in Uruguay with Uruguayan musicians. Juan Campodónico and Carlos Casacuberta, former members of rock band El Peyote Asesino, had produced Drexler's albums from Frontera to 12 Segundos De Oscuridad. In 2008, he released a double live album, recorded in different concerts in Spain: Cara B (2008), mainly filled with songs previously unreleased. During 2009, Drexler worked with Colombian performer Shakira on the Spanish-language versions of her singles "She Wolf", "Did it Again" and "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa).

Drexler recorded Amar la Trama (2010) on November 1–4, 2009 in Madrid, Spain in just four days, with musicians playing live on studio. Drexler described the album as playful, without "the melancholy and anguish" of 12 Segundos. Amar la Trama was recorded in a television studio in front of a small audience who were selected in an online contest. He chose this format to avoid the "coldness" of the recording studio.

His album Bailar en la Cueva, released in 2014, shows a new facet of the artist leaning towards rhythm and dance, a contrast to his previous albums which he describes as more introspective and nostalgic. In particular, he has pointed out that it is a very different album to the last one, describing it as the opposite pole to "Amar la Trama".

In 2017, he released Salvavidas de Hielo, an album of increased musical, if not lyrical, complexity. In this album, Drexler set out to explore the limits of the guitar, using that instrument alone (or the human voice) for every sound on the album (including percussion).

Tinta y Tiempo was released in 2022. In many ways, this was Drexler's most challenging album, as the pandemic made it difficult for him to compose. In particular, he struggled to complete songs without being able to play them for others. At times, he questioned whether or not he would be able to finish the album without these crucial interactions. As the pandemic eased, however, and society slowly reopened, he was able to reconnect with the public and finish the album. One of the themes of this album is experiencing life, love, and the world in general with fresh eyes, a message that resonates most strongly in his hit song Cinturón Blanco.

His music is a combination of Uruguayan traditional music (candombe, murga, milonga, tango), bossa nova, pop, jazz and electronic music, which results in very personal compositions with original arrangements. The words also play an important role in his songs. Apart from love, reflections about identity, race and religions are a constant in his work.

Personal life
Drexler was previously married to singer-songwriter Ana Laan. His girlfriend is Spanish actress/singer Leonor Watling, with whom he has two children. Watling is in the band Marlango. His cousin is the scientist Alejandra Melfo.

Awards and nominations
Aside from his Academy Award for Best Original Song, Drexler has been nominated five times at the Grammy Awards, for the albums Eco (2004), 12 Segundos de Oscuridad (2006), Cara B (2008), Bailar en la Cueva (2014), and Salvavidas de Hielo (2017); and received thirteen Latin Grammy Awards, twice for Best Singer-Songwriter Album and Record of the Year and one for Song of the Year. For his work writing Spanish-language versions of singles by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira, he has received five ASCAP Latin Awards. Drexler also received a Goya Award in 2010 with the song "Que El Soneto Nos Tome Por Sorpresa", written for the Spanish film Lope; the same year he was named Commander of the Order of Isabella the Catholic for his musical contributions. Overall, Drexler has received 13 awards from 46 nominations. In November 2018, Drexler took home record of the year and the song of the year for "Telefonía" and the best singer-songwriter album for Salvavidas de Hielo at the Latin Grammys 2018.

Discography

 * La Luz Que Sabe Robar (Ayui, 1992)
 * Radar (Ayui, 1994)
 * Vaivén (Virgin, 1996)
 * Llueve (Virgin, 1997)
 * Frontera (Virgin, 1999)
 * Sea (Virgin, 2001)
 * Eco (Warner, 2004)
 * 12 Segundos de Oscuridad (Warner, 2006)
 * La Edad del Cielo (Warner, 2007)
 * Cara B (Warner, 2008)
 * Amar la Trama (Warner, 2010)
 * Bailar en la Cueva (Warner, 2014)
 * Salvavidas de Hielo (Warner, 2017)
 * 30 Años (Warner, 2021)
 * Tinta y tiempo (Warner, 2022)

title: Jorge Drexler


text:
Kroondal

Kroondal is a village situated in North West Province of South Africa with a large German speaking community. It lies on the N4 road.

The village originated from a farm in existence since 1843, initially known as Kronendal, on which a mission was established - one of 22 German Lutheran missions in Natal and the former Transvaal. By 1889 a settlement was surveyed and divided into plots. The local school, established in 1892, is said to have been attended by Louis Botha, who would become South Africa's first prime minister, and Afrikaans poet JD du Toit. In fact both these men were pupils for brief periods at schools founded by missionaries of the Hermannsburg Mission Society – Botha at Hermannsburg near Greytown, du Toit at Morgensonne near Rustenburg. The local church congregation counts about 400 members, and is 80% German-speaking, with most of the rest being Afrikaans speakers.

Education
The town has a German secondary school, Deutsche Schule Kroondal.

title: Kroondal


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/The Cantos/archive1

The Cantos
Mainly self-nomination. This was started by User:Charles Matthews and a number of editors have made improvements via Peer review, but I added most of the content. I know that it is very long (80K), but it is probably the best single-article overview of this important piece of modernist literature on the Internet, and believe me, it could be a lot longer. Filiocht 11:15, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support: and it could well be the best single article on Wikipedia, too, it's magnificent. I can't believe anybody who has read it will have the nerve to suggest hacking it up, either. Bishonen | Talk 11:27, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support: Lucid, erudite and fascinating. --Theo (Talk) 11:47, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain - that's a massive article and I couldn't do it justice by voting for it until I got a good solid day to read it :-) Ta bu shi da yu 13:25, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support: This is an amazing study and will surely become, in its own right, one of the most studied and important reference works on The Cantos.   That is should be freely available to everyone via the internet, courtesy of Wikipedia, is an amazing windfall to the Wikipedia project.  It is beyond comprehension that anyone will feel its too long, and I don't think it will be an objection Filiocht has to worry about. Giano 13:47, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 80KB? That's huge. Maybe 50KB? Yes, I have the audacity to suggest a bit of splitting. Remember that not everyone wants to read anywhere near that much, or have to wade through it. It's better to have one article up front that's reasonably concise, and save the real detailed stuff for subarticles. By creating subarticles, you also free up space for even more detail. Don't count that as an objection, but I'm not supporting, either. Everyking 13:51, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Object (mildly): I think the body of the article (the discussion of the Cantos' sections) is great: comprehensive and interesting. My issues lie with the sections at the beginning ("Intro", "Controversy" and "Structure") and at the end ("Legacy"). I think some minor copyedit is in order here:
 * The article doesn't seem to make up its mind whether to treat "The Cantos" as a singular or a plural. Thus:
 * Intro section: "The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem..." (singular), "...the early Cantos, as finally published, date from 1922 onwards." (plural).
 * First instance is as it should be, second instance is also correct, as it applise to some Cantos, not The Cantos. Filiocht 15:03, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok thanks, that works. Well then make that clear in the lead section. Right now it does not explain why the thing is a poem (singular) and also a collection of things. I made the same point when this was listed on peer review. You know what is correct because you are familiar with the subject. The article does not appear to. - Taxman 21:20, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Controversy section: "The Cantos has always been..." (singular).
 * Correct as is. Filiocht 15:03, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Structure section: "As they lack any plot or definite ending, the Cantos can appear..." (plural, also "the" instead of "The"); the rest of this section treats it as a plural as well.
 * These I will fix. Filiocht 15:03, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Legacy section: "...The Cantos have been influential..." (plural), as in the rest of the section.
 * This I will also fix. Filiocht 15:03, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * The "Structure" section contains some dense or clunky prose, which is sometimes hard to decypher. Some examples are:
 * "...the Cantos can appear to be chaotically structureless": seems like a redundancy to me.
 * Beg to differ on this one. I feel they reinforce each other. Filiocht 15:03, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * "One contributory factor may be that Pound had in his sights the novel as handled by James Joyce.": I've read this sentence many times, and still I have no idea what the connection is between Pound and Joyce. What is meant with "in his sights"? What novel?
 * The novel as a form, as The Cantos represents the poem as a form. Filiocht 15:03, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Would "the modernist novel as handled by James Joyce"" be clearer? --
 * Please review my edit to this sentence along the lines of Pound wanted to do for poetry what Joyce had done for the novel. FiliochtTheo (Talk) 15:42, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * "The issue of incoherence of the work is reflected the equivocal note sounded in the final two more-or-less completed cantos which admit that he has been unable to make his materials cohere while insisting that the world does cohere.": this sentence is a train wreck.
 * Sorry, a word has gone missing and I will fix. Filiocht 15:03, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * The list in this section has items that are marked: A A, C B, B C. What do these letters mean?
 * They occur in a direct quote. Filiocht 15:03, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * "In the light of cantos written later than this letter, it would be possible to add to this list other recurring motifs such as periploi ('voyages around'), vegetation rituals such as the Eleusinian Mysteries, banking and credit, and the drive towards clarity in art, such as the 'clear song' of the troubadours and others and the 'clear line' of Renaissance painting.": where are the full stops when you need them?
 * One doesn't, it's a list. Filiocht 15:03, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * "... the effort is to merge these two aspects of light.": The preceding sentences are so confusing that I have no idea what "these two" should be: the Sun and the Moon? Political and social activity? Divinity and artistic impulse? Love and good governance? Any other combination?
 * All of the above. I'll try to clarify. Filiocht 15:03, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Etcetera. There are some more heavy-handed sentences in this section. Try to make them more accessible by either splitting them up, or by using less flowery language.
 * Finally, I think that it's a bit strange to have a section called "Controversy" as the first section of the article proper. One would expect that an article would first set out to describe its subject (what is it, when was it made, by whom, how, etcetera.), and only then expand into the reception of the work and the controversy that ensued. As it stands, the intro section is trying to fulfill a double role of introducing the article to the reader and providing the details I mentioned. I think a better structure would be:
 * Beg to differ on this one. Especially important to place the various anti-semitism references in the body of the article in context. Filiocht 15:03, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Intro (summarizing the article as a whole, including the information that is contained in the "Legacy" section)
 * "Origins" (or something like that: contains most of the text that is now in the intro section, maybe expanded a bit)
 * Controversy (as is)
 * Good luck, and thanks for the excellent work so far! --Plek 14:49, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I have tried to address a number of these suggestions now. Filiocht 15:11, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * I have struck out the issues that have been fixed so far. I'd like to clarify the others: First of all, and as Taxman indicated as well, it is not made clear that "The Cantos" (singular) is the name of the poem and "the Cantos" (plural) are the cantos (lyrical poems) that it's made up of (try explaining that sentence to the first person you meet). That the article uses all three incarnations of "cantos" without explaining which is which, is highly confusing. As it stands, I'm sure that an unsuspecting editor will come along and change "date from 1922 onwards" to "dates", for instance.
 * Would it help to use 'Cantos' to refer to the whole work and 'canto' or 'cantos' to refer to the individual cantos or groups thereof? I have tried this in sentence 2; somebody careful should pick through the whole article if the approach is helpful. --Theo  (Talk) 23:37, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, something like that would help, I think. Ideally, The Cantos (in italics, both words capitalised, per WP:MOS) would refer to the work, and the cantos or canto (no capitals) to its individual parts. A dictionary definition of "canto[s]" in the introduction might be helpful as well (again, think about the proverbial average reader). --Plek 23:56, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * " One contributory factor may be that Pound wanted to do for poetry what James Joyce had done for the novel.": This is much clearer gramatically. Conceptually, however, it immediately raises the question: "Which is?" I'll leave it up to you to consider whether the general reader of this article would be knowledgeable enough to answer that question without further elaboration.
 * It seems to me that only the first three sections (Introduction, Controversy and Structure) need to engage our 'intelligent ten-year-old' reader. After that the material is too complex to be addressed succinctly in simple language. --Theo  (Talk) 23:37, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * My point exactly. As the "Joyce" reference is made in the "Structure" section, some explanation about what it was that Joyce did for the novel might be in order. --Plek 23:56, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The other sentences from the "Structure" section are unchanged and still a problem. Some copyedit and punctuation fixes are needed. I would do it myself if I'd have an idea what the intended meaning was; honestly, I don't.
 * That the "AA,BC,CB"-list is a direct quote is not apparent from the article. As it stands, it just looks like a list with auto-numbering gone kaput. Can't you just drop the letters?
 * The letter sequences have meaning. Perhaps a sentence saying 'The letter sequences ABC and ACB indicate variations on the sequencing of these elements'. --Theo (Talk) 23:37, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I have retracted my objection about the section structure, as I don't think it's critical. Please note that I didn't intend the "Controversy" section to go to the end of the article, but rather that an extra section is needed to start the article proper. Thanks. --Plek 22:21, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I have worked my way through the article to standardise along the following lines; the full work is The Cantos (note caps and italics), an individual numbered canto is Canto X (Cap, no italics) and a general reference is canto/cantos (no caps). Both canto and James joyce link to their own articles and I am reluctant to add such secondary materials to the body of the article. Hope this helps. Filiocht 08:45, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nice work. I have done some copyediting of the first three sections as well; I hope I didn't make a mess of it. Changing vote to support. --Plek 16:54, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. This sure represents the best of Wikipedia. Length shouldn't be a problem: whoever is scared away by so much text won't be interested in the Cantos itself or will be satisfied with the lead section.  — mark ✎ 15:30, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support This is a spectacular article, well above usual featured article quality. We don't appreciate often enough the people who actually take the trouble here to write a big article on a subject that takes some research (as opposed to the hundred others who readily volunteer to criticize the single point they think they know about the topic). Thanks for the effort! alteripse 17:41, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support This article is simply brilliant. Like I said when I supported Hrafnkels saga (today's featured article), this raises the bar for all featured articles; if it doesn't pass, we might as well remove 95% of the current featured articles. We should have one like that about all major literature works. To hell with size limits! Congratulations to the editors. Phils 21:30, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong support. I do not consider its length a hindrance and understand that shortening sections and expanding to their own articles would be unnecessary work for the time being. Excellent. --Oldak Quill 01:12, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Support: Good Lord, folks, the Cantos themselves are as complex, as misunderstood, as massive, as monumental, and as labyrinthine as Finnegans Wake, so a long article is only to be expected. 70 kb on a toy is too much.  70 kb on Remembrance of Times Past is necessary.  When I saw Filiocht attempting the Herculean task of writing on the Cantos, I thought he or she was nuts.  The resulting article, though, is superior to anything our commercial competitors can offer and is certainly FA quality.  Geogre 02:38, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Though again, I know nothing about the subject so I can't vouch for that. Great work, give us more like it. - Taxman 13:56, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Wow. Mark1 09:09, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Support My admiration to the editors - congratulations. Rossrs 12:21, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Good lord! I'm so proud! jengod 07:46, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Mostly a very good article on an enormous and fascinating topic.  But the "Controversy" and "Structure" sections are completely unsourced, and they positively leap to interpretive conclusions which are very shakily justified, if at all, within the article, and which are opposed by significant amounts of scholarship.  Wikipedia shouldn't make claims in its own voice about issues as complex as the connection or lack of it between Pound's anti-Semitism and usura, the overall symmetry/dissymmetry and structure/lack of structure of the poem -- such broad interpretive claims need to come from definite scholarly sources.  (As one example, the article currently asserts: "No clear line can be drawn in it between the economic thesis on usura and Pound's anti-Semitism..." On this issue, see Parker, "Ezra Pound and the 'Economy' of Anti-Semitism," Boundary 2 11, no. 1-2 (fall-winter 1982-1983): 103-128, a study which argues the exact opposite.) Support.-- Rbellin|Talk 00:04, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I would argue that you have misread the sentence on usury, etc. What it actually says is that there is no clear line to be drawn between Pound's politics and his lyric voice. It is clearly not talking about the relationship between his economics and his anti-Semitism. Please read again and see if you still feel the same about it. Parker's essay is interesting, but what I was trying to avoid was any POV regarding Pound's politics. The article simply reports them in as much as they impact on the poem. The structure section is 'referenced' by quoting from Pound's own prose. Again, I would feel that any in-depth discussion of the various critical approaches and opinions here would go beyond the remit of an encyclopaedia article. I felt it was enough to note the fact that many readers will find the poem chaotic, but... Filiocht 08:48, Mar 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Now this could get interesting. /me brings some drinks and snacks, pulls up the comfy chair, and settles down to watch the show. --Plek 01:05, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to be clear: I like the body of the article enormously, and agree with most of the grand claims about it above... this is honestly better than the Terrell Companion to the Cantos, which is the current standard work, as a readable overview of the whole of the thing (though of course the book, being a book, provides a lot more precise detail and referencing, and admitting that is no slight to this article). My concern is a narrow one seen against the bulk of this article's achievements. -- Rbellin|Talk 06:01, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Think the original phrase here about 'no clear line' is mine. I'm no expert; this was a way to get past Pound-the-man to the work. I'm sure that the literature on Pound contains many voices, We are not going to settle anything here. If there is a serious case that this transgresses NPOV, it will need fixing up. I have no problem with boilerplate 'most commentators think ... for a dissenting view ... '. As long as we don't have all the Pound controversies, which for better or worse belong on the page for him. Charles Matthews 14:34, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * In my opinion "there is no clear line to be drawn between Pound's politics and his lyric voice" (if that is what the sentence is saying; its grammar remains unclear to me) is an interpretive claim tendentious enough to require a source, as some critics (like my citation above) clearly disagree. So, for that matter, is the separateness of the poem from Pound's life.  In my opinion, for the Wikipedia article to make claims like this, or like "central to the poem's structure is the opposition between darkness and light," or like "Pound has been unable to make his materials cohere while insisting that the world does cohere," et cetera, amounts to original literary criticism of a rather hasty and unargued variety.  The following improvements could be made:
 * Simple removal of such broad interpretive claims. (The rest of the article meets FA requirements anyway)
 * Weasel-word patches to these statements: "Some readers claim..." "Other critics believe..." (Not good enough for a featured article)
 * Citations to individual well-respected critics: "Hugh Kenner writes..." (Good enough for FA status)
 * A critical history: "Commentators of the 1960s often claimed... but a later work argued..." (Ideal)
 * I will try to make some of these changes myself, but cannot promise enough time for real research right now. -- Rbellin|Talk 15:21, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * You could of course read 'no clear line' as a brief if inadequate summary of what the analysis below of the actual content of 107-odd cantos says, in an extended form. That is more in line with Wikipedia 'news style' policy: an 80K article ought to have some précis near the top. Damning it all as 'broad interpretive claims' is too sweeping, I'd say. More like a road sign saying 'dangerous bends ahead'. I won't argue with 'hasty', but I think you mean more 'too compressed'. 'No original research' has been given a rather bloated meaning, over time. "Darkness and light" - that should probably go, I agree. The coherence thing - that probably paraphrases Cookson or some other source, which could be cited. Charles Matthews 16:10, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Not that it matters much now -- the article has already reached featured status despite my unresolved objection -- but I am striking my objection. Recent edits by Filiocht have dramatically improved the sections dealing with the poem's critical history, and added many critical sources. -- Rbellin|Talk 15:31, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)


text:
Swartruggens

Swartruggens is a small farming town in North West Province, South Africa that was established in 1875.

Location
The town is located by the Elands River, 69 km east of the town of Zeerust, 56 km west of the city of Rustenburg and 34 km north-west of Koster. It is on the N4 road.

It takes its name 'Swartruggens' from a series of hills there, formerly known as Zwartruggens, the Dutch name for 'black ridges'.

History
The town of Swartruggens was founded in 1875 on the farm Brakfontein.

After the Siege of Mafeking, during the Second Anglo-Boer War, one of the supply depots was established by Robert Baden-Powell in Swartruggens, as he moved to Pretoria.

A cemetery for British war dead from the Second Anglo-Boer War is located in the town.

title: Swartruggens


text:
User:Matt Crypto/scratch2

Inline tables
I don't suppose some Wikicode/HTML guru could help me with the following formatting? I'd like to be able to use a box like the following for bilingual conversations on the Swahili Wikipedia: However, the above box always starts a new line. It would be most useful as an "inline" table. That is, if it could be used like this:

 * Here is some $$\frac{\mbox{text at the top}}{\mbox{and some other text at the bottom}}$$, all inline.

Of course, that's a nasty LaTeX hack. Could someone suggest a good way of doing this in normal mediawiki code?

Cheers! — Matt Crypto 10:21, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * You can, in principle, do it with the CSS display attribute, but browser support for it is somewhat variable. Giving the table a style of   will do it in most browsers that support CSS at all, although I found some claims that this may break in some versions of IE.  —Ilmari Karonen (talk) 22:46, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, this won't work in general. W3C arbitrarily decided that   would work, if Firefox actually understood it, which it doesn't.  As much as I like it in general, I'll have to say that, in this particular respect, Firefox sucks.  And you can quote me on that.  —Ilmari Karonen (talk) 13:55, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Something like this, loosely based on WAvegetarian's code, might work: 1 2×3 4. Its main weakness is that the superscript can overlap the following text if it is wider than the subscript.  Of course, putting the subscript first in the markup reverses the situation.  —Ilmari Karonen (talk) 14:12, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I've changed Template:Suþ to use this markup. —Ilmari Karonen (talk) 17:44, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hm, that's interesting. In Mozilla, the position trick doesn't always display the same way.  The placement seems to depend on the line height somehow: on Template:Suþ  overlaps ; the example in front of my signature has a few pixels between the superscript and subscript; and two paragraphs above there is only one pixel between.  It looks like the superscripts aren't being placed at the correct height.  They had also disappeared when I came to this page, but are now visible again.  How do the following look?  ‣ ᓛᖁ  [[Image:Venus symbol (blue).gif|♀]] [ ᑐ ] 18:36, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The later ones are all mashed up. If you try stacking them like this:

 * then the first line is cropped slightly at the bottom but the later ones look fine. Maybe it's using multiple values of  on the same row? HTH HAND —Phil | Talk 11:52, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Smarties lids
Before the new, horrendous "hexatube" packaging, tubes of Nestlé Smarties used to contain a letter of the alphabet under the cap. Assuming the cap letters are chosen uniformly at random, how many Smarties tubes would I expect to have to buy before I had collected the entire alphabet? — Matt Crypto 18:33, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe we had an equivalent question some time ago. Ah, here it is.  The probability of finding all the n = 26 letters of the alphabet in m tubes is
 * $$P(m,n) = \sum_{k=0}^{n} (-1)^k {n \choose k} \left( \frac{n-k}{n} \right)^m$$.
 * This is the number of surjections from M = {1 … m} to N = {1 … n} divided by the total number of functions from M to N (= nm). Using the Perl code on the page I linked to above, I find that 94 tubes is enough to give you just barely more than even odds of getting all the letters.  I even made a graph of the probabilities for 0 ≤ m ≤ 200. —Ilmari Karonen (talk) 19:33, 17 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I am not sure about the wording of the problem. I think that the question is not how many tubes would guarantee (with some probability) that I have all 26 letters in them. You start buying the tubes, and in X-th tube you get the last needed letter (you have 25 letters in X-1 tubes and 26 in X tubes). What is expected value of such X?
 * Is this the right question?(Igny 22:11, 17 January 2006 (UTC))

 * (edit conflicted, but this relates nicely to Igny's posting)
 * So
 * $$\begin{matrix}

E[\mbox{Smarties tubes}] & = & \sum_{m=0}^\infty m P(\mbox{tubes} = m) \\ \ & = & \sum_{m=0}^\infty m ( P(\mbox{tubes} \le m)-P(\mbox{tubes} < m) ) \\ \ & = & \sum_{m=0}^\infty m(P(m,26)-P(m-1,26)) \\ \ & \approx & 100.2 \end{matrix} $$
 * (Estimation made with the nice Perl code) Rasmus (talk) 22:23, 17 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the answers! I meant to ask the latter question as clarified by Igny, but both answered questions are interesting. I'd give you all a smartie if I could. — Matt Crypto 23:39, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

 * While I am not 100% convinced that formula for P(m,n) is correct, there is a recursive way to compute P(m,n). Introduce
 * $$f_m(x)= \sum_{k=0}^{n} {n \choose k} \left( \frac{n-k}{n} \right)^m(-1)^kx^{n-k}$$.
 * Notice that
 * $$P(m,n)=f_m(1)$$
 * $$f_0(x)=(x-1)^n$$
 * $$f_{m+1}(x)=\frac xn \frac{d }{d x} f_m(x)$$
 * (Igny 13:55, 18 January 2006 (UTC))
 * Smarties? Isn't that just Communist for M&Ms?'--George 19:41, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

You get your first letter after an average of 26/26 packets, your second letter after an average of 26/25 packets, and your last letter after an average of 26/1 packets. Since all these are independent, the expected total number of packets is
 * $$\sum_{i=0}^{26} {26 \over 26 - i}$$

Which is about 100.2, just as Rasmus calculated. Gdr 18:37, 18 January 2006 (UTC)
 * In other words, $$26 H_{26}\,\!$$. (Note, by the way, that your top index is off by one.) Fredrik Johansson - talk - contribs 21:09, 18 January 2006 (UTC)
 * My congratulations, it is a very elegant solution. Indeed, all previous solutions were based on trying to find P(X=x) and EX without realizing that $$X=X_1+X_2+...+X_{26}$$, such that $$P(X_i=x_i)$$ and $$EX_i$$ are easy to compute. And you don't even need independence, since $$EX=EX_1+...+EX_{26}$$ even for not independent $$X_i$$ (Igny 13:17, 23 January 2006 (UTC))

title: User:Matt Crypto/scratch2


text:
Mark Addy

Mark Ian Addy (born 14 January 1964) is an English actor. He is known to television audiences for his roles as Detective Constable Gary Boyle on the sitcom The Thin Blue Line (1995–96), Bill Miller on the American sitcom Still Standing (2002–06), Andy Richmond on Trollied (2011–13), Hercules on Atlantis (2013–15), and King Robert Baratheon on the first season of Game of Thrones (2011).

For his debut film role as Dave Horsefall in The Full Monty (1997), Addy earned a BAFTA Award nomination for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. His other notable film roles Fred Flintstone in The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000), Roland in A Knight's Tale (2001), Friar Tuck in Robin Hood (2010), Mr. Bakewell in Downton Abbey (2019), and Richard Buckley in The Lost King (2022).

He reprised his Full Monty role on the television series of the same name, which premiered in June 2023.

Early life
Addy was born 14 January 1964 in York, where his family has lived since at least 1910 when his paternal great-grandfather was recorded there. His father, Ian, spent his working life as a glazier at York Minster. Addy was educated at Joseph Rowntree School in York. Addy furthered his acting education by attending the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, graduating with an Acting Diploma in 1984. Whilst still at school, Addy had three weeks work experience at the York Theatre Royal, loved it so much he continued working there, eventually deciding acting was to be his career goal.

Career
Addy made his first television appearance in 1987 in The Ritz, followed in 1988 by A Very Peculiar Practice, followed by television performances in shows such as Heartbeat, Band of Gold, Married... with Children, Peak Practice, Too Much Sun, Sunnyside Farm, Trollied and The Syndicate.

He portrayed Bill Miller (using an improvised American accent) in Still Standing and portrayed Detective Boyle in the second series of the British sitcom The Thin Blue Line. He also appeared on ITV1's comedy drama series Bonkers, and another ITV comedy drama, Bike Squad, in early 2008 as Sergeant John Rook.

In 2009, Addy starred with Fay Ripley in a series of adverts for the relaunched Tesco Clubcard.

In 2011, He portrayed King Robert Baratheon in the HBO series Game of Thrones: Addy's audition for the role was, according to showrunners David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, the best they saw, he being the easiest actor to cast for the show. Although Robert was a main character in the series beginning, the king's enthusiasm for drinking, whoring, and hunting, eventually took its toll, and Addy's character was killed off in season 1 after a hunting incident with a wild boar.

He portrayed Hercules, one of the main characters in the BBC One fantasy drama series Atlantis, which started airing on 28 September 2013 in the UK. In the BBC television drama New Blood (2016), featuring young detectives from the Serious Fraud Office and the London Police Service, Addy played D.S. Derek Sands.

In film, Addy had a leading role in The Full Monty (1997), and portrayed Fred Flintstone in the 2000 film The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas. He portrayed Mac McArthur in the 1998 film Jack Frost. In 2001, he portrayed Roland in A Knight's Tale and a butler to Chris Rock's character in the film Down to Earth. In Down to Earth, his character was an American who was pretending to be British.

Addy portrayed David Philby in The Time Machine and made an appearance as the Ship Captain in Around the World in 80 Days with Jackie Chan and Steve Coogan, and made an appearance as Friar Tuck in Ridley Scott's 2010 film Robin Hood.

In 2018, he portrayed Paltraki in the Doctor Who episode "The Battle of Ranskoor Av Kolos".

In 2019, he appeared in the Downton Abbey movie as Mr. Bakewell, who owns the shop from which Mrs. Patmore buys her supplies; a character who was mentioned in the television series but hadn't yet appeared onscreen.

In 2020, he portrayed DS Stan Jones in the detective drama series White House Farm.

In 2023, Addy starred as David Coake, causing issues on the Kinloch Bravo oil rig in The Rig, in a cast that included Iain Glen, Emily Hampshire, and Martin Compston.

Stage
Addy portrayed Kevin Snell in the 2006 revival of Donkeys' Years at the Comedy Theatre in London. In 2007–08 he has appeared at the National Theatre as Dogberry in Much Ado About Nothing alongside Zoe Wanamaker, and as Hjalmar Johansen in the Tony Harrison play Fram, also at the Royal National Theatre.

In 2011, he portrayed Vladimir, an NKVD officer, in Collaborators at the National Theatre, which also featured in the National Theatre Live programme, where live performances are broadcast to cinemas around the world. In 2016, Addy appeared in Richard Bean's The Nap at Sheffield Crucible with Jack O'Connell and Ralf Little, directed by Richard Wilson.

Honours
On 20 July 2019, Addy was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of York, having given a speech at the Roses Varsity opening ceremony a few months prior.

title: Mark Addy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Futility

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 16:42, Mar 6, 2005 (UTC)

Futility
I think this is a hoax, if it's not it's a dic def. Either way, I think it should be deleted. Mgm|(talk) 11:20, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks like nonsense to me. Delete Radiant! 12:02, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Inter\Echo 12:36, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wanted to be a dicdef, landed on "rambling nonsense/original research". HyperZonktalk 18:23, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I considered keep, but then I realized that it would be futile. DaveTheRed 23:53, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:212.219.250.2

title: User talk:212.219.250.2


text:
USS R. R. Cuyler

USS R. R. Cuyler was a steamer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She was outfitted by the Union Navy as a gunboat and was assigned to the Union blockade of the Confederate States of America.

She was named for the president of the Central Georgia Railroad.

Built in New York in 1860
R. R. Cuyler was built in 1860 by Samuel Sneeden of New York for H. B. Cromwell & Company, served on that company's New York, Havana, and New Orleans line until laid up in March 1861 at the start of the American Civil War.

Then chartered by the War Department, she transported New York State militiamen to Washington, D.C., and returned to New York where she was acquired by the navy in May 1861, although not formally purchased until August.

Assigned to the Gulf blockade
In early June, R. R. Cuyler departed New York City under the command of Captain Francis B. Ellison. On the 9th, she arrived at Key West, Florida, whence she proceeded north for blockade duty off Tampa, Florida. Although plagued by the presence of smallpox among her crew, R. R. Cuyler participated in the capture and burning of Finland in Apalachicola Bay on 26 August. On 22 November, while operating near and in the Mississippi River, she intercepted and assisted in the capture of the steamers A. J. View and Henry Lewis. In December, the sloops Advocate, Express, and Osceola and the schooners Delight and Olive met a similar fate. On 20 January 1863, off Mobile Bar, R. R. Cuyler seized the schooner J. W. Wilder. Two months later, she captured the schooner Grace E. Baker off Cuba, and on 3 May, the schooner Jane at sea.

Stationed off Mobile Bay during May, R. R. Cuyler captured the steamer Eugenie and the schooners Hunter and Isabel. On 14 July, the steamer Kate Dale joined her list of prizes. After that capture, the gunboat was ordered to join in the search for the Confederate raider Tallahassee. While proceeding on that mission on 4 December, she stopped and captured the steamer Armstrong and after a search revealed contraband cargo, seized the vessel.

Reassigned to the North Atlantic blockade
R. R. Cuyler joined the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron off Wilmington, North Carolina, for duty through the close of the Civil War. She joined in attacks on Fort Fisher in the Cape Fear River 24 and 25 December 1864, and participated in the capture of Fort Anderson nearby 18 and 19 February 1865.

Post-war sale and subsequent career
Following the end of the Civil War, R. R. Cuyler returned to New York City, where she was decommissioned on 1 July 1865 and sold at auction on 15 August to Russel Sturgis of New York.

In December 1866, she was purchased by the Republic of Colombia and, after arrival at Cartagena, renamed El Rayo. She remained in Cartagena Harbor, the subject of a diplomatic dispute following a change of government, from February to September 1867. In mid-September, she was blown from her moorings during a storm and grounded on a coral reef, where she was abandoned.

Commemoration
One of the 30-pound cannon that was part of the armament of R. R. Cuyler was presented to the town of Oyster Bay, New York, by the United States Department of the Navy and unveiled by President Theodore Roosevelt in June 1903. The cannon can be seen today in Townsend Park in Oyster Bay.

title: USS R. R. Cuyler


text:
Simon Bucher-Jones

Simon Bucher-Jones (born Simon Jones, 6 September 1964) is an author, poet, and amateur actor. He is best known for his Doctor Who novels for Virgin and BBC and as a contributor to the Faction Paradox spin-off series. Between 1988 and Dec 2018, he worked for the Home Office, in a variety of casework, admin, IT support, and planning positions. From Jan 2019 he was a freelance writer (augmenting this with work as a scare actor (2019, 2021, 2022, 2023), for the Office of National Statistics (Census officer 2021), and for the Isle of Wight Council (Public Realm Assistant 2021, Regulatory Compliance Assistant 2023.))

Jones was born in Liverpool. He is known for a hard SF approach. He has written Cthulhu Mythos short stories and reviewed books for the Fortean Times and for small press papers. His poetry has appeared in the Journal of the British Fantasy Society.

He has been Treasurer of Age Concern Shanklin since 1st April 2022, and is a founder member of the Tide Nor Time Players. In 2024 the Ventnor Fringe, Tide Nor Time Players production Wyrd Wight Tales, is co-written by him, and Paul A.T. Wilson.

Doctor Who
Novels: Short stories: TV criticism:
 * The Death of Art (Virgin 1996) (Seventh Doctor, Roz, Chris Cwej)
 * Ghost Devices (Virgin 1997) (Bernice Summerfield)
 * The Taking of Planet 5 (BBC 1999) (Eighth Doctor, Fitz, Compassion; written with Mark Clapham)
 * Grimm Reality (BBC 2001) (Eighth Doctor, Fitz, Anji; written with Kelly Hale)
 * War Crimes in Short Trips (BBC 1998)
 * The Thousand Years Of Christmas in The History of Christmas (Big Finish 2005)
 * The Painting On The Stair in the Bernice Summerfield collection Collected Works (Big Finish 2006)
 * The Weasels and the Warpfield in the Chris Cwej collection Cwej Down the Middle (Arcbeatle Press 2020)
 * I Remember _______ in the Chris Cwej collection Cwej Down the Middle (Arcbeatle Press 2020)
 * When Johnny Comes Marching Home in the Paradise Towers collection Build High For Happiness (Obverse Books Dec 2021)
 * The Black Archive #5: Image of the Fendahl (Obverse Books May 2016)
 * The Black Archive #17: The Impossible Planet/The Satan Pit (Obverse Books Mar 2018)
 * The Black Archive #53: The Hand of Fear (Obverse Books July 2021)

Faction Paradox

 * The Book of the War (2002) (contributor) While the entries in The Book of The War are anonymous it is known that Simon Bucher-Jones wrote more words in it than any other single contributor after editor Lawrence Miles.
 * Short story After The Velvet Aeon in Burning with Optimism's Flames (Obverse Books 2012)
 * Short story Double Trouble At The Parasites On The Proletariat Club in More Tales Of The City (Obverse Books 2013)
 * Novel The Brakespeare Voyage Faction Paradox (Obverse Books 2013) (With Jonathan Dennis)
 * The Book of the Enemy (Obverse Book 2018) (Editor/contributor).
 * Short story Stories of The Space Psychopaths The Boulevard Vol.2 (Obverse books 2024) (Editor/Contributor)

Iris Wildthyme

 * Short story Riviera Showdown in Iris: Abroad (Obverse Books 2011)
 * Short story Her and Allan in Wildthyme in Purple (Obverse Books 2011)
 * Short story Iris : Chess Mistress of Mars in Iris Wildthyme on Mars (Obverse Books 2014)
 * Short story Whatever Happened to Maybe Jane? in Iris Wildthyme: Locked In Space (Obverse Books 2023)

Professor Howe (A series of Doctor Who parodies published in support of Children in Need)

 * Novella #8 "Professor Howe and the Furious Foam" (Long Scarf Publications, 2020)

Self-Published by Pantechnikon Press
Poetry
 * Godzilla In East Anglia, a collection available via Lulu etc. (2010).
 * Deathwatch At Lake Saguaro, a collection available via Lulu etc. (2015).
 * The Lantern and The Lighthouse, a collection available via Lulu etc. (2020).

Cthulhu Mythos
 * The Temple Of Dagon, written in 2004 for the proposed Chaosium anthology The Dagon Cycle, now available as an ebook via Kindle (2013).

The Yellow Mythos
 * Le Roi de Jaune - THE KING IN YELLOW - a full French and English text of the cursed play with scholarly introduction, essays, and annotations" (Hardback, and Paperback versions now available Lulu 2015)
 * THE KING IN YELLOW - A NEW TRANSLATION - ebook of the above, available from Lulu and Amazon (Nov 2015)
 * THE KING IN YELLOW - Comic Issue 1 - graphic novel version of the above in 4 parts, available from Lulu and Amazon (Apr 2019)
 * THE KING IN YELLOW - Comic Issue 2 - graphic novel version of the above in 4 parts, available from Lulu and Amazon (Apr 2020)
 * THE KING IN YELLOW - Act One - Omnibus of issues 1 & 2, available from Lulu and Amazon (Apr 2020)
 * THE KING IN YELLOW - Comic Issue 3 - graphic novel version of the above in 4 parts, available from Lulu and Amazon (June 2021)
 * THE KING IN YELLOW - Comic Issue 4 - graphic novel version of the above in 4 parts, available from Lulu and Amazon (Apr 2022)
 * THE KING IN YELLOW - Act Two - Omnibus of issues 3 & 4, available from Lulu and Amazon (May 2022)

The First Ether Series (mash-up novels set in an alternative space-faring 19th century)
 * Charles Dickens' Martian Notes, Lulu etc. (2015).
 * Wilkie Collins' The Evil Genius of Venus - Book One: The Wreck of the lift-barque John Jerniman, Lulu etc. (2016).
 * Wilkie Collins' The Evil Genius of Venus - Book Two: The Daemon Doctor, Lulu etc. (2020).

Non-series, novels and stories

 * "The Ghost of Christmas Sideways" (2012) (In Resurrection Engines: Steampunk Anthology edited by Scott Harrison)
 * Harlic - A Story Of A Grey Seal  in Storyteller (2013) (contributor)
 * A Family Resemblance in Associates of Sherlock Holmes (Titan Books) (2016) (contributor)
 * Clueroborus in 10,000 Dawns: Poor Man's Illiad (2018) (contributor)
 * The Immortal Seaton Begg part of Obverse Sextet (Obverse Books) (2019) (4 stories / novella)
 * The Case of the Dead Marshes in "Sherlock Holmes and the Occult Detectives IV (Belanger Books) (2022) (contributor)
 * A Hank of Hair in "Occult Detective Magazine (2023) (contributor)

Cthulhu Mythos and other horror work

 * (with James Ambeuhl) The Case of the Curiously Competent Conjuror in the collection Lin Carter's Anton Zarnak, Supernatural Sleuth.
 * Some Thoughts On The Problem Of Order in the collection Hardboiled Cthulhu.
 * Things To Do In Pornutopia When You're Dead, a comic strip in Violent #13, [Simon Bucher-Jones writer].
 * The Blues of the Endless Sky in the collection The Chromatic Court (2019)
 * A Madman among Mummers in "Shadows over Avalon Volume 1 (18thWall Productions) (2022) (contributor)

Charity and/or fan publications

 * At the Academy in Drabble Who (1993)
 * The Big Cat in The Cat Who Walked Through Time (2000)
 * In the "Days of the 'Days of the Days of Our Lives'"' in Missing Pieces'' (2001)
 * Tempus Fugit written with James Ambeuhl in Missing Pieces (2001)
 * At the Beach in Lifedeath (2001)
 * The Pulp Of The Black Lotus in Walking In Eternity (2001)
 * Dial M for Metaphysics in the Craig Hinton memorial Fanthology Shelf Life (2008)
 * Two Poems in Shooty Dog Thing: 2th & Claw (2011)
 * The Ox Bow Train in A Target for Tommy (2016)
 * Doctor Who And The Exile From Hell in A Second Target for Tommy (2018)
 * The Citizens of VOR in Dr Who: Journey Into Time (2020)
 * Tomorrow('s World) the (Roland) Rat in The Curse of Fanfic (2020)
 * The Knocking in the Mineshaft in Forgotten Lives (2021)
 * Iris the Outsider in Bafflement and Devotion - Iris at the Edges (2021)
 * Sarah Jane and The Sub-Urban Ghost in Sarah Jane Smith - Roving Reporter (2021)
 * The Hand of Night and Shadow in Forgotten Lives 2 (2022)
 * The Seven Scholars and the Storyteller in Forgotten Lives 3 (2023)

Charity theatrical performances

 * Jacob in Joseph (St Michael's Church 2007)

Pantomimes with Purley Pantaloons

 * The Slave Seller in Sinbad the Sailor (2008)
 * The Stage Manager in Little Dead Riding Hood (2008)
 * King Rattle in Dick Whittington Goes West (2009)
 * Mister Shock in Robinson Crusoe: A Space Oddity (2010)
 * Asbad: King of Thieves in Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves (2011)
 * Gary: the Nymph in Babez in the Wood (2012)
 * Guy of Gisborne in Little Red Riding Hood (2013)
 * Abanazar in Aladdin in Old London Town (2014)
 * Humphrey, and Minion/Chorus in Jack and the Beanstalk (2015)
 * Prince Not-So Charming in Sleeping Beauty (2016)
 * Raff-elle, and Villager/Chorus in The Lie-On King (2017)
 * Deer, and Royal Servant in Cinderella (2018)

Theatrical performances

 * Voice off, and Ghost of Christmas Future (Shared part) in The Farnham Avenue Housing Estate Townswomen's Guild Dramatic Society's Production of A Christmas Carol (Bembridge Little Theatre Company, 2019)
 * Marley's Ghost/Narrator in A Christmas Carol (Stage performance, Tide Nor Time Players, 2022)
 * Smuggler, Village Chorus, and E. Hartnell in Molly Downer (Musical, Tide Nor Time Players, 2023 - Ventnor Fringe)
 * Gladys Pearlclutcher in Lance McCrack and The Dr X-Mass Adventure (Musical, Tide Nor Time Players, 2023)
 * Narrator, Drunken Husband, Lost Child in Wyrd Wight Tales (Ventnor Fringe, 2024 Forthcoming)

Professional performances

 * Mercreature 1 in Amphibious (Terror Island, Blackgang Chine, 2019)
 * Professor Hieronymus Carter in Hexcavation (Terror Island, Blackgang Chine, 2021)
 * Marley's Ghost in Stave Two, Part 1: A Christmas Carol (Tales of Wihtlore: Folklore and Stories from a Sacred Isle - Apple Podcast, YouTube, Radio Solent, 2021)
 * Man One in Stave Four, Part 1: A Christmas Carol (Tales of Wihtlore: Folklore and Stories from a Sacred Isle - Apple Podcast, YouTube, Radio Solent, 2021)
 * Dr. Mordrake in Blind Alley (Terror Island, Blackgang Chine, Press Night 2022)
 * Old Sweeny in Blind Alley (Terror Island, Blackgang Chine, Main Run 2022)
 * Gideon the Apothecary in Blind Alley (Terror Island, Blackgang Chine, Press Night and Main Run 2023)

title: Simon Bucher-Jones


text:
List of years in Germany

This is a list of years in Germany. See also the timeline of German history. For only articles about years in Germany that have been written, see Category:Years in Germany.

title: List of years in Germany


text:
Surveyor-General of the Ordnance

The Surveyor-General of the Ordnance was a subordinate of the Master-General of the Ordnance and a member of the Board of Ordnance, a British government body, from its constitution in 1597. Appointments to the post were made by the crown under Letters Patent. His duties were to examine the ordnance received to see that it was of good quality. He also came to be responsible for the mapping of fortifications and eventually of all Great Britain, through the Ordnance Survey, and it is this role that is generally associated with surveyor-generalship.

History
The post was for a time held with that of Chief Engineer, but after 1750 became a political office, with the holder changing with the government of the day.

The office was vacant at the time the Board of Ordnance was abolished in 1855, the last holder, Lauderdale Maule, having died of cholera on assignment with forces in Crimea, on August 1, 1854.

The War Office Act of 1870 revived the office, making the Surveyor-General the senior civilian adviser to the Secretary of State, responsible for all aspects of Army logistics. The position was expected to advise on highly complex matters of supply, transport, equipment and ordnance, and was meant to be a former senior military officer who could answer questions to Parliament and exercise strict control over expenditures on supplies and stores. The Surveyor-General was meant to oversee the Director of Artillery and Stores, the Director of Supplies and Transport, the Director of Clothing, the Director of Contracts and the Inspector-General of Fortifications, as well as the controllers in each military district responsible to their respective major-generals.

The office was filled until 1888, when it was abolished.

Surveyors-General of the Ordnance

 * 5 February 1538: Henry Johnson
 * 23 January 1549: Anthony Anthony
 * 25 June 1565: Henry Iden
 * 2 December 1568: Thomas Pynner
 * 10 April 1570: vacant
 * 13 April 1570: William Jurden
 * 21 June 1595: William Partridge
 * 21 June 1598: vacant
 * 3 February 1599: John Davies (knighted 12 July 1599)
 * 17 July 1602: John Linewray (knighted 10 July 1604)
 * 11 June 1606: Joseph Earth
 * 5 September 1609: Sir John Kaye
 * 1 May 1624: Richard Kaye
 * 28 November 1624: vacant
 * 27 September 1625: Sir Alexander Brett
 * 29 October 1627: vacant
 * 3 December 1627: Sir Thomas Bludder
 * 8 April 1628: Sir Paul Harris (succeeded as 2nd Baronet January 1629)
 * Interregnum; post occupied by:
 * George Payler, March 1643 to December 1658
 * Elia Palmer, in 1660
 * 22 June 1660: Francis Nicholls
 * 28 July 1669 (or before): vacant
 * 13 November 1669: Jonas Moore I (knighted 28 January 1673)
 * 25 August 1679: Jonas Moore II (II) (knighted 9 August 1680)
 * 13 July 1682: vacant
 * 29 July 1682: Sir Bernard de Gomme
 * 23 November 1685: vacant
 * 2 December 1685: Sir Henry Sheer
 * 19 July 1689: John Charlton
 * 29 June 1702: William Bridges
 * 30 October 1714: vacant
 * 2 December 1714: Michael Richards
 * 5 February 1722: vacant
 * 10 February 1722: John Armstrong
 * 25 April 1742: vacant
 * 30 April 1742: Thomas Lascelles
 * 10 April 1750: Charles Frederick
 * February 1770: Thomas Desaguliers
 * 13 May 1782: The Hon. Thomas Pelham
 * 20 May 1783: John Courtenay
 * 22 May 1784: The Hon. James Luttrell
 * 23 December 1788: vacant
 * 20 April 1789: The Hon. George Cranfield Berkeley
 * 10 July 1795: Alexander Ross
 * 22 November 1804: James Murray Hadden
 * 20 July 1810: Robert Moorsom (knighted 2 January 1815)
 * 16 March 1820: Sir Ulysses Bagenal Burgh (succeeded as 2nd Baron Downes 3 March 1826)
 * 18 May 1827: Sir Edward William Campbell Rich Owen
 * 1 April 1828: Sir Herbert Taylor
 * 16 April 1829: Sir Henry Fane
 * 15 January 1831: William Leader Maberly
 * 4 December 1832: Charles Richard Fox
 * 30 December 1834: Lord Edward Somerset
 * 25 April 1835: Sir Rufane Shaw Donkin
 * 1 May 1841: vacant
 * 11 May 1841: Charles Richard Fox
 * 13 September 1841: Jonathan Peel
 * 14 July 1846: Charles Richard Fox
 * 3 July 1852: Sir George Henry Frederick Berkeley
 * 18 January 1853: The Hon. Lauderdale Maule
 * 1 August 1854: vacant; duties performed by the Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance, Sir Hew Dalrymple Ross
 * 6 June 1855: abolished
 * 5 August 1870: Sir Henry Storks
 * 26 February 1874: Lord Eustace Cecil
 * 1 June 1880: Sir John Miller Adye
 * 17 January 1882: Henry Robert Brand
 * 27 June 1885: Guy Dawnay
 * 6 February 1886: William Woodall
 * 4 August 1886: Sir Henry Northcote

The office was abolished in 1888.

title: Surveyor-General of the Ordnance


text:
Marist Regional College

Marist Regional College is a Roman Catholic, co-educational, secondary school, located in Parklands, a suburb of Burnie, Tasmania, Australia.

Marist Regional College is part of the Marist Schools Australia MSA network of catholic high schools across Australia, and is one of several within Australia and around the world that share the same name of "Marist" College. The college currently caters for around 960 students from Years 7 to 12.

History
Marist Regional College was established in 1972 through the amalgamation of Stella Maris Regional College, run by the Sisters of Mercy, and Marist College run by the Marist Fathers.

Marist College
The Society of Mary (Marists) opened the College in 1959 as a boys’ secondary boarding school, initially known as St James' Marist College, and attracted an Initial enrolment of 90. From 1966 onwards the School had some co-ed classes with Stella Maris Regional Girls' College.

Stella Maris Regional Girls' College
In 1965, construction of the new Stella Maris Regional Girls' College began on land next to Marist College. In 1966, co-educational classes commenced with a small number of girls attending Marist College for lessons.

Marist Regional College
Marist College and Stella Maris Regional College were merged in 1972 to form Marist Regional College. From this time the College has offered co-educational schooling from Year 7 to Year 12. Marist Regional College opened with 555 students; 405 boys (an all-time high), and 150 girls. Boarder numbers (boys only) were 130. At the end of 1975 the boarding house was closed. With the amalgamation came the new College crest. From Stella Maris Regional College came the star; symbol of Mary, the Patroness. From Marist College came the monogram A.M.; monogram of Mary, from whose name was derived the name “Marist”. The College motto is "Love the Truth”.

Today, Marist Regional College is led by a lay Principal, and retains an emphasis on religious education. The school is managed by lay staff.

The Marist Regional College senior year levels and staff advise the principal on the selection of 20 student leaders who represent the student body during their last year at MRC. They are known as the Student Representative Council (SRC).

Campus
Marist, as the college is colloquially known, is situated less than 1 km from Burnie Park, in suburban Parklands. The school has views over the sports grounds, which continue with views of Bass Strait. It is close to Burnie Primary School, with several other schools, including Hellyer College, Stella Maris primary school, Parklands High School (Burnie), and Burnie High School also located in the City of Burnie.

Sport
Marist Regional College is a member of the Sports Association of Tasmanian Independent Schools (SATIS). The college currently has an Athletics Carnival, Swimming Carnival and Cross Country. Students represent Houses known as McAuley, Chanel, Colin and Frayne, named after significant figures in the founding histories of the mercy Sisters and Marist Fathers. These houses were previously known as Bass, Flinders, Tasman and Cook, after significant explorers in Australia's history.

SATIS premierships
Marist Regional College has won the following SATIS premierships.

Combined:

 * Swimming (2) – 1995, 1996

Boys:

 * Basketball – 2015
 * Cricket (2) – 1978, 1979
 * Football (3) – 1966, 1975, 1976
 * Hockey – 2021
 * Swimming – 1996
 * Tennis (8) – 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1994, 2012, 2013

Girls:

 * Basketball (5) – 2011, 2015, 2019, 2020, 2021
 * Football – 2021
 * Hockey (2) – 2014, 2020
 * Netball (4) – 1987, 1989, 1993, 2007
 * Soccer – 2010
 * Tennis (3) – 2016, 2017, 2018

Notable alumni

 * Martin Flanagan – journalist
 * Brendon Gale – AFL football player for the Richmond Tigers, CEO of the AFL Players' Association
 * Michael Gale – AFL football player for the Richmond Tigers and Fitzroy Lions
 * David Guest – Member of the Australia national field hockey team and bronze medalist at the Beijing Olympics
 * Stephen Shane Parry – Government Whip in the Australian Senate; Senator (Liberal) for Tasmania
 * Maverick Weller – AFL Footballer
 * Lachie Weller – AFL Footballer
 * Robbie Fox – AFL Footballer
 * Brody Mihocek – AFL Footballer
 * Patty Mills – NBA basketball player
 * Meagan Kiely – AFLW Footballer
 * Emma Humphries – AFLW Footballer
 * Luke Russell – AFL footballer
 * Ryan Gardner – AFL footballer

Sexual abuse cases
In 1999, former international cricket umpire Stephen Randall was convicted of 15 charges of indecent assault against nine girls while teaching at Marist Regional College in 1981 and 1982. In 2004, former Marist Regional College priest trainee Paul Ronald Goldsmith was arrested for sexually abusing 20 teenage boys when he was coaching athletics at the school from 1974 to 2000 and for also making his victims play strip poker. He served 6 1/2 years in prison and later died in 2016. In 2007 Gregory Ferguson was sentenced to two years jail (eligible for parole after 12 months) for offences in 1971 against two boys aged 13 at Marist College, Burnie, Tasmania. On 13 December 2007 he was sentenced to an additional three years jail for offences against a third boy. In 2008 a jury found former priest Roger Michael Bellemore guilty on three counts of maintaining a sexual relationship with a young person under the age of 17 years in the 1960s and 1970s while he was at the same college. By December 2018, six priests who taught at the College had been convicted of committing acts of sexual abuse.

title: Marist Regional College


text:
North Warrandyte, Victoria

North Warrandyte is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 25 km north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Nillumbik local government area. North Warrandyte recorded a population of 3,027 at the 2021 census.

Located in the bushy hills north of the Yarra River and to the north of Warrandyte, North Warrandyte is separated from its neighbour of the same name by Municipal Boundaries, CFA Brigade (Country Fire Authority) Boundaries and Suburb Boundaries, yet the two exist as interlocked communities as though those boundaries didn't exist. Winding roads amongst the tree tops and unmade local streets are abundant in the small suburb.

Geography
North Warrandyte is set on the northern banks of the Yarra River, amongst hilly terrain, densely populated with a wide variety of Eucalyptus Trees.

A list of Creeks and Rivers and their features in North Warrandyte:
 * Stony Creek
 * Pigeon Bank Gully
 * Yarra River (including Blue Tongue Bend, The Island, Pound Bend and Bob's Wetlands)

Community
There is a limited number of community facilities in North Warrandyte and the suburb is mostly serviced by neighbouring Warrandyte. However, North Warrandyte is the home of the North Warrandyte Fire Station (CFA), Stony Creek Cottage, Yarra Warra Pre School, North Warrandyte Family Centre, a community hall and Junior's Farm child care centre. A mobile library operated by Yarra Plenty Regional Library regularly visits the suburb.

Transportation
Bus routes include:

 * 578 Eltham – Warrandyte (every day). Operated by Panorama Coaches.
 * 579 Eltham – Warrandyte (every day). Operated by Panorama Coaches.

Transportation in North Warrandyte is largely limited to the private car as there are no train and trams anywhere near the region. Most local roads are unmade and very narrow, however, all through roads (Primary & Secondary State Arterial Roads) are of a high quality and fully made, although the nature of the suburb's geography forces these roads to wind their way through the hills unrelentingly.

The suburb is serviced by two major roads; Research-Warrandyte Road and Kangaroo Ground-Warrandyte Road. Both roads handle all through traffic and converge in the southern area of the suburb as they find themselves at the Yarra River and then cross it via the 50-year-old Warrandyte Bridge and enter into Warrandyte. Most through traffic is either coming from or going to the suburbs of Warrandyte, Kangaroo Ground, Research and Eltham.

Some major local roads include:
 * Floods Road
 * Blooms Road
 * The Boulevard
 * Pigeon Bank Road
 * Osborne Road

Recreation
As North Warrandyte is located on the Yarra River a lot of the recreation in the area focuses on water activities. Swimming at the end of Bradleys Lane or canoeing down the river are very popular summer pastimes while bushwalking and picnics tend to be more suitable for cooler months. The majority of recreation undertaken by North Warrandyte's residents are performed in neighbouring Warrandyte as it is home to several facilities such as tennis courts. However, North Warrandyte's parks and reserves are perfect for bushwalking and mountain bike riding. The Warrandyte State Park preserves the natural environment of the Yarra River and its surrounds.

Parks, gardens and reserves in North Warrandyte include:
 * Chase Reserve
 * Koornong
 * Professors Hill Reserve
 * Warrandyte State Park (located along the banks of the Yarra River and Stony Creek)
 * Normans Reserve
 * Bob's Wetlands
 * The Island

title: North Warrandyte, Victoria


text:
Ynys Bery

Ynys Bery is a small island south of Ramsey Island, Pembrokeshire, Wales, in the community of St David's and the Cathedral Close.

Etymology
The island's name in Welsh means falcon's Island, according to an 1852 book, but an earlier work of 1811 by Richard Fenton calls it the kite's island.

History
Fenton, in 1811, describes the island, and its neighbour Ynys y Cantwr: "...with high craggy cliffs, producing a thick matted herbage mixed with scurvy-grass and the sea pink, affording pasture for a few sheep, and stocked with rabbits, puffins, elygogs, gulls and other sea fowl."

In 1903, the S.S. Graffoe (a 2,996-ton steamship bound from Glasgow to Montevideo with 3,800 tons of coal) struck Ramsey Island and sank at the northern end of Ynys Bery. The wreck lies at a depth of 15 metres, and is one of many Pembrokeshire wrecks popular with divers.

Geography
Ynys Bery's highest point is 71 metres (233 feet), the highest of Wales's islets.

Flora and fauna
Together with neighbouring Ynys Cantwr, Ynys Bery is a breeding ground for lesser black-backed gulls. In the spring the island is covered with pale blue squill.

title: Ynys Bery


text:
Polish Legions in World War I

The Polish Legions (Legiony Polskie) was a name of the Polish military force (the first active Polish army in generations) established in August 1914 in Galicia soon after World War I erupted between the opposing alliances of the Triple Entente on one side (comprising the British Empire, the French Republic and the Russian Empire) and the Central Powers on the other side, comprising the German Empire and Austria-Hungary. The Legions became "a founding myth for the creation of modern Poland" in spite of their considerably short existence; they were replaced by the Polish Auxiliary Corps (Polski Korpus Posiłkowy) formation on 20 September 1916, merged with Polish II Corps in Russia on 19 February 1918 for the Battle of Rarańcza against Austria-Hungary, and disbanded following the military defeat at the Battle of Kaniów in May 1918, against Imperial Germany. General Haller escaped to France to form the Polish army in the West against the anti-Polish German-Bolshevik treaty.

The Legions took part in many battles against the forces of the Imperial Russia, both in Galicia and in the Carpathian Mountains. They suffered heavy casualties outnumbered three to one in the Battle of Łowczówek. They captured Kielce, and in 1915 took part in the offensive on Warsaw. In June 1916 the unit had approximately 25,000 soldiers. Both the number of troops and the composition of units changed rapidly. After the Battle of Kostiuchnówka where 2,000 Polish soldiers died delaying a Russian offensive, Józef Piłsudski demanded that the Central Powers issue a guarantee of independence for Poland and partially succeeded. The Polish Legions became the Polish Auxiliary Corps. After the Act of 5th November of 1916 which pronounced the creation of the puppet Kingdom of Poland of 1916–18, the Polish Legions were transferred under German command. However, most of the members refused to swear allegiance to the German Kaiser and were interned in Beniaminów and Szczypiorno (the Oath crisis). Approximately 3,000 of them were drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army and sent to the Italian Front while approximately 7,500 stayed in the Polish Auxiliary Corps, part of the failed German Polnische Wehrmacht.

History
According to Prit Buttar, "When war broke out, Piłsudski was quick to recognize that an important preliminary step in Poland's path to independence was the defeat of tsarist Russia..." Piłsudski was no supporter of the Central Powers, and once Russia had been driven out of Polish territory, he believed that he and his fellow Poles would have to persuade the Germans and Austro-Hungarians to leave too, but he held secret meetings with representatives of France and Great Britain to make clear to the western members of the Entente that Polish troops would never fight against them, only against Russia."

The formation of the Legions was declared by Józef Piłsudski in his order of August 22, 1914. The Austrian government, having jurisdiction over the area, officially agreed to the formation on August 27, 1914.

The unit became an independent formation of the Austro-Hungarian Army thanks to the efforts of the KSSN and the Polish members of the Austrian parliament. Personnel came mostly from former members of various scouting organizations, including Drużyny Strzeleckie and Związek Strzelecki, as well from as volunteers from all around the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Initially, the Polish Legions were composed of two legions: the Eastern and the Western Legion, both formed on August 27. After a Russian victory in the Battle of Galicia (August–September 1914) the Eastern Polish legion refused to fight on behalf of the Austro-Hungarian side against Russia and was disbanded on September 21. On December 19, the Western legion was transformed into three brigades: the I Brigade of the Polish Legions under Józef Piłsudski, formed in mid-December; the II Brigade of the Polish Legions under Józef Haller de Hallenburg, formed between mid-December and March (sources vary); and the III Brigade of the Polish Legions under Zygmunt Zieliński (later Bolesław Roja), formed on May 8, 1915. All brigades had the following:
 * Artillery Battalions with served with I, II, and III Brigade
 * Cavalry Regiments: 1st served in I Brigade; 2nd served in II Brigade; 3rd served in III Brigade
 * Infantry Regiments: 1st, 5th, 7th served in I Brigade; 2nd, 3rd served in II Brigade; 4th served in both II and III Brigades; 5th, 6th served in III Brigade.

The commanders of the Legions were consecutively: Gen. Karol Trzaska-Durski (September 1914 – February 1916), Gen. Stanisław Puchalski (until November 1916), Col. Stanisław Szeptycki (until April 1917), and Col. Zygmunt Zieliński (until August 1917). After the war ended the officers of the Polish Legions became the backbone of the Polish Army.

Battles
Below is a list of prominent Polish battles against the Imperial Russian Army in 1914–16, leading to victories in most cases, with notable exceptions especially during the Brusilov Offensive of 1916.
 * Battle of Nowy Korczyn (23–24 September 1914)
 * Battle of Laski and Anielin (October 21–October 26, 1914)
 * Battle of Mołotków (October 29, 1914)
 * Battle of Krzywopłoty (17–18 November 1914)
 * Battle of Marcinkowice (5–6 December 1914)
 * Battle of Łowczówek (December 22–December 25, 1914)
 * Battle of Pustki (2 May 1915)
 * Battle of Konary (May 16–May 25, 1915)
 * Battle of Rafajłowa (January 23–24, 1915)
 * Kirlibaba (January 18–22, 1915)
 * Rarańcza (June 13, 1915)
 * Battle of Rokitna (15 June 1915)
 * Battle of Jastków (July 29–July 31, 1915)
 * Battle of Kostiuchnówka (July 4–July 6, 1916)
 * Battle of Rarańcza (15–16 February 1918)

Notable officers who served in the Polish Legions
Following the foundation of the Second Polish Republic, many served in the Polish Army, and held political as well as elected offices.

title: Polish Legions in World War I


text:
David Kimhi

David Kimhi (ר׳ דָּוִד קִמְחִי, also Kimchi or Qimḥi) (1160–1235), also known by the Hebrew acronym as the RaDaK (רַדָּ״ק) (Rabbi David Kimhi), was a medieval rabbi, biblical commentator, philosopher, and grammarian.

Early life
Kimhi was born in Narbonne, a city in Provence, Occitania, then under the rule of Philip II of France. He was the youngest son of Rabbi Joseph Kimhi and the brother of Moses Kimhi, both also biblical commentators and grammarians.

Kimhi was raised by his older brother Moses following the untimely death of their father. Later, he supported himself by teaching Talmud to the young. He was well versed in the whole range of Hebrew literature, and became the most illustrious representative of his name. Works of the Kimhi family were underwritten by the ibn Yahya family of Lisbon in the Kingdom of Portugal.

Rabbinic career and scholarship
Kimhi saw himself primarily as a compiler and summarizer. As a noted Hebrew grammarian, his book Mikhlol and his dictionary of the Hebrew language called Sefer HaShorashim (, "Book of Roots") draws heavily on the earlier works of Judah ben David Hayyuj and Jonah ibn Janah, as well as from the work of his father. These two books were originally written as one, although over the years they have come to be printed separately. This book, while based on his predecessors, shows a significant amount of innovation, stakes out new territory in his scholarly fields, and from a methodological point of view is superior to what came before. For example, in the Mikhlol, Kimhi expounds on his predecessors' opinions in a clear, straightforward way with a comprehensive approach to the Hebrew structure. Sefer Hashorashim highlights his talent as a writer because of its logical organization, particularly the way he bases his definitions upon etymology and comparisons between languages. Another of Kimhi's works, "'Eṭ Sofer," was a sort of abridged version of Mikhlol and acted as a manual for Biblical scribes. This was a necessary compilation of rules for the writing of Bible-rolls, Masoretic notes, and accents, due to widespread ignorance among the scribes of the 12th century.

Kimhi also delved into philosophy and the sciences, and was very much influenced by both Abraham ibn Ezra and Maimonides. In later life, he took part in the controversy surrounding the works of Maimonides and staunchly defended him. He even sent letters to other rabbis in order to gain their support. His stance on philosophy was moderate and therefore permitted its study to those whose belief in God and fear of heaven was firm.

Kimḥi also participated in public debates with Christians. According to Kimḥi, Christian interpretation demonstrated a corruption of the text and in some cases was inapplicable and irrational. He mostly attacks the allegorical method of interpretation and Christian claims towards the "true Israel" by stressing the superior morality and religiosity of the Jews. His interpretations were the favourite of the translators of the King James Version.

Commentaries
Kimhi is known primarily for his biblical commentaries on the books of the Prophets. He also wrote commentaries on the books of Genesis, Psalms, and Chronicles. His biblical work mirrors his grammarian work, and focuses on issues of language and form as well as upon content.

He explains words on the basis of their grammatical construction and their etymological development. His commentary also includes homiletic and philosophical material, niqqud (vocalization), rabbinic tradition of the reading, and literal meaning of the words. He also addresses key issues such as the authorship of the various books and the historical eras in which the prophets were active, as well as other historical and geographical questions.

His commentary on Genesis tends toward the philosophical. He seeks out the ethical underpinnings of the stories, believing that they were not included in the text for purely historical reasons, but rather for their moral message.

He makes extensive use of the ancient Targum translation of the text into Jewish Palestinian Aramaic attributed to Jonathan ben Uzziel, commenting on it and bringing variant readings. The commentary also includes a mystical interpretation of the Garden of Eden and the story of Cain and Abel. A similar, mystical interpretation by Kimhi can also be found in his glosses on the final chapter of the Book of Ezekiel, describing the Divine Chariot. When he does not understand a particular text, he follows the example of Rashi and writes, "I did not understand the reason why this story appears in this particular place," or "I did not find a proper reason for it."

His work extensively influenced the "Metzudos" commentary by R. David Altschuler.

Commemoration and legacy
Radak Street in Jerusalem's Rehavia neighborhood is named for him.

Relevant literature

 * Grunhaus, Naomi. (Autumn 2003). The commentary of Rabbi David Kimhi on Proverbs: A case of mistaken attribution. Journal of Jewish Studies 54(2): 311-327.

title: David Kimhi