text:
Talk:Chiune Sugihara

Early Life
Article says "His father and family moved into the tax office within the branch of the Nagoya Tax Administration Office one after another." One after another what? Looks like it means the family moved from tax office to tax office, but I'm not sure and I don't know whether each one was somehow "better" than the previous one, or what. Can someone who knows about this clarify? Mcswell (talk) 21:54, 20 June 2022 (UTC)

Team work
What we know as "Sugihara" was a team work. Sugihara cooperated with the Polish itelligence. Polish officers of Home Army produced false Japan visas using Sugihara's ones. The majority of those people died murdered by the Germans, Soviets and Polish Communists. Polish embassy in Japan helped the refugees. Why did the authors remove any trace of Polish part in "Sugihara" action? Probably because the source was his wife, who ignored secret part of Sugihara's activities.
 * I'm afraid that this point is not widely accepted or at least not famous. If this is "too secret" cooperation (ie. there is no reliable evidence because - conveniently - the others involved are dead) it is "too secret" for wikipedia. If it is something you or somebody has independently researched, it falls under "original research" which is also unsuitable for Wikipedia. If you want to include it, state clearly the source (ie. according to whom) - Skysmith 14:56, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Or you can ask that others help find such a 'reliable source' (as defined in WP:RS).Tlhslobus (talk) 21:28, 22 February 2014 (UTC)

 * And the links in the text below (which I may or may not eventually check out myself) may or may not prove useful in this context:

The relations between Mr. Chiune sugihara and the Polish Intelligence Agency are completely investitated by a Polish excellent scholar, Dr. Ewa Palasz-Rutkowska. It’s a summy of her study : http://www.asjapan.org/Lectures/1995/Lecture/lecture-1995-03.htm For futher reading : http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a777429408~frm=titlelink?words=romer,a

 * (The above text is a sentence written by User:Tizizano at the noticeboard discussion 'Is Hillel Levine's Biography of Chiune Sugihara a reliable source?.')Tlhslobus (talk) 22:20, 22 February 2014 (UTC)

Ministry
The ministry of Foregin Affairs was replaced in 1940. I find the statement "The Japanese Foreign Ministry, still needing Chiune's language and organizational skills, decided to postpone disciplinary action until his skills were no longer needed" speculative. It doesn't also precise, which of the ministries is being mentioned where in the text.

 * Please sign your posts with " ~ " after the message. If you find it speculative, correct it. Citing your sources also helps - Skysmith 14:56, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

I have removed the statement that Sugihara was the only Asian named "Righteous among the Nations". There were two others, Dr. Feng-Shan Ho, the Chinese consul in Vienna from 1938-1940, and Pan Jun-Shun. See http://www1.yadvashem.org/righteous/bycountry/china.html. Bill 20:43, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

According to ..., Sugihara would have cooperated
You aren't quoting "The Sun" but an academic work. Xx236 13:14, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Sugihara saving Jews
From all the materials I read about this affair I haven't found any evidence that either Sugihara or the Jews he helped were aware of an imminent German attack on the Soviet Union. The intention, I think, of those Jewish refugees from Poland applying for transit visas was to leave the Soviet Union. The fact that the number of those seeking visas reached its peak in the months immediately following Lithuanian ascension to the USSR, to support my suspicion. Indeed, if Jews thought Germany would soon overrun border areas they could have move to interior regions of the Soviet Union. Sugihara, though as a diplomat working for the Japanese intelligence, he certainly was in a better position to learn about the underlying political developments, but in August 1940 Hitler had yet to make any definite plans to invade the USSR, so even he was unlikely to know anything. In light of this, I suggest that all references to him saving Jews are removed from the article.

71.222.26.122 00:41, 23 January 2007 (UTC) Abram Schlimper
 * I was about to ask that myself. The only people Sugihara seemed to be saving Jews from were communists, he stopped about a year before the German invasion. Woscafrench (talk) 18:48, 11 January 2008 (UTC)
 * You are correct on both points. As for the preceeding remark, following Lithuanian ascension to the USSR, I never heard that one before (even in Salomeja Neris' poems), concerning the events in Lithuania in June-August 1940. Dr. Dan (talk) 21:21, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Jewish life under soviet rule was considered unbearable for the Jews living in Lithuania. Jews were regularly persecuted and not allowed to practice their religion freely. The Soviet persecution of the Jewish people was well known by 1940. Additionaly many would chose not to become Soviet citizens thus being sent to Siberia and prison. For those who chose soviet citizenship they would soon be overrun by the Nazis.

Additionally Polish refugees after witnessing what had happened in Poland understood that it would not stop at the border of Poland but rather continue. There are many accounts of Polish refugees who tried to warn people in countries that an attack was imminent only to be rebuffed with "my country is safe, Hitler would never attack us"

So the Jews were ultimately saved from both the communists and the Nazis. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.179.158.150 (talk) 13:00, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

This article is confusing, Jews were pretty pro-Communist in Eastern European countries during the 1930's and 1940's and I think were pretty supportive of Soviet occupation as there was anti-semitism in Lithuania too. Also it seems odd that if many Jews were so desperate to escape the Soviet Union they would go about it by traveling through the Soviet Union. I know non-Secular Jews and Orthodox Jews suffered under the Soviet Union but under Nazi occupation in Lithuania 91% of Jews were killed by NAZI Germany and pro-Nazi Lithuanians, which is one of the highest percentage wise in Europe. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.243.131.183 (talk) 13:00, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

Bot report : Found duplicate references !
In the last revision I edited, I found duplicate named references, i.e. references sharing the same name, but not having the same content. Please check them, as I am not able to fix them automatically :) DumZiBoT (talk) 07:32, 9 August 2008 (UTC)
 * "s285" :
 * Levine, p. 285.
 * [see above]

Confusing
The first paragraph is confusing. It reads:

 * Soon after the occupation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union, he helped several thousand Jews leave the country by issuing transit visas to Jewish refugees so that they could travel to Japan. Most of the Jews who escaped were refugees from Poland or residents of Lithuania. Because of his actions in saving Jews from the Nazis, Sugihara was honored by Israel as Righteous Among the Nations.

This blurs the distinction between helping Jews escape Stalinist rule and saving them from the Nazis. Of course, with hindsight one can say that Sughihara's actions had the unforeseen effect of saving their lives, but it would useful if there were some explanation in the article of what they were fleeing from in 1940. Norvo (talk) 00:24, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

A spy also ?
"Records pertaining to General Onodera Makoto, head of Japanese Military Intelligence in Europe. They identify Sugahara Chiune, Japanese official in Lithuania who became known for issuing visas to Jewish refugees, as one of Onodera's espionage agents.cf http://www.archives.gov/iwg/reports/japanese-interim-report-march-2002-1.html ???Trente7cinq (talk) 09:42, 26 September 2010 (UTC)

Hillel lawsuit
Does anyone know what happened to this? See and. Thanks. Dougweller (talk) 13:00, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

> As Sugihara stated in a conversation with a visitor to his home near Tokyo Bay that year:

Don't you understand what I say ? What says Hillel Levine is not true. Mr. Chiune Sugihara has been in Kanagawa Prefacture, NOT IN TOKYO !!!!

Why have you represented the quotations by Hillel Levine, who can't understand JAPANESE !!!Tizizano (talk) 11:59, 8 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Raised at WP:RSN. Dougweller (talk) 12:42, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

The lawsuit started in 2002. In 2005 the two sides agreed to a settlement whereby 500,000 yen was paid to Sugihara Yukiko.

More sources
Copies from my talk page.

REQUEST

 * See WP:RS. It is a reliable source by our standards, but if you have reliable sources that contradict it you can add it. I see some of his family supported Hillel - have you read http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,404316,00.html and http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=3007045 - and do you know what happened to the lawsuit? This should really be discussed on the article's talk page. Dougweller (talk) 13:01, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

?	and do you know what happened to the lawsuit? Of course, Yes. I’ve attended the court to see the reality. Don’t you know that Hillel Levine can’t read Japanese ? There are not any Japanese in the bibliography made by Hillel Levine. The relable resouces is following :

• Chapman J.W.M., “Japan in Poland's Secret Neighbourhood War”in Japan Forum No 2/1995. • David Kranzler, Japanese, Nazis and Jews, Hoboken, NJ, Ktav Publishing House, 1976. • Marvin Tokayer & Mary Shwarz, The Fugu Plan, New York, Paddington Press, 1979. • David G. Goodman & Masanori Miyazawa, Jews in Japanese Mind, New York, The Free Press, 1995. • Pamela Rotner Sakamoto, Japanese Diplomats and Jewish Refugees, Westport, CT, Praeger Pnblishers, 1998. • Alison Leslie Gold, A Special Fate. Chiune Sugihara, New York, Scholastic, 2000. • Seishiro Sugihara & Norman Hu, Chiune Sugihara and Japan's Foreign Ministry : Between Incompetence and Culpability, University Press of America, 2001. • Dom Lee & Ken Mochizuki, Passage to Freedom. The Sugihara Story, New York, Lee & Low Books, 2003. • Mordecai Paldiel, Diplomat heros of the Holocaust, KTAV Publishinh House, NJ, 2007.Tizizano (talk) 21:19, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Then use them. What happened to the lawsuit? If you think a source doesn't meet our WP:RS guidelines you can go to WP:RSN, and the sources above should be added to the article talk page for others to see. Dougweller (talk) 21:36, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

Hellow, Mr. Dougweller.

You have written :“Sugihara settled in Fujisawa in Kanagawa prefecture.”and also “As Sugihara stated in a conversation with a visitor to his home near Tokyo Bay that year:”.

Please watch carefully the map of Japan, for example through Google Earth.

The city of Fujisawa is situated near SAGAMI BAY !.......... not situated near Tokyo Bay.Tizizano (talk) 21:37, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Please, please use the talk page. I did not write the above, I don't think I've written any of the article, are you posting on my talk page because you think I wrote it? Dougweller (talk) 21:39, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

I understand and I'll transfer what is concerned this topic to MY TALK.Tizizano (talk) 00:24, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

Reliability of Hillel Levine's "In Search of Sugihara"
The discussion below is copied here for reference from the Talk Page of Jewish settlement in Imperial Japan. HarryZilber (talk) 20:19, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

 * User:Tizizano, who is also involved in the preceding item above, has objected to the inclusion of Levine, Hillel. (1996). "In Search of Sugihara", and removed it as well as another citation from the bibliography of this article a few days ago, with a blank Edit Summary. I reverted its deletion and am now including this reference to a lengthy Reliable Source Notice Board discussion on the topic of this book which is highly relevant to the article: Is Hillel Levine's Biography of Chiune Sugihara a reliable source?.

 * A quick skimming of the notice board discussion did not reveal any consensus that the book could not be considered a reliable source. In the notice board discussion User:Tizizano was counseled a number of times that if other reliable sources contradict Levine's, those sources can be included and the article could be edited to reflect contrary information; however as far as I can see there was no consensus that Levine's book was unreliable.   Best:  HarryZilber (talk) 19:32, 20 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Please peruse the noticeboard thread. No one said it was reliable after my refutation. Levine might be a expert on Jew but not on Japan and Japanese. He didn't know even the difference between Tokyo bay and Sagami Bay. I do not know his other works, but his book on Sugihara was very sloppy and unreliable. Oda Mari (talk) 06:50, 21 March 2011 (UTC)

pseudonym
does the fact that sugihara used the pseudonym "sempo" really belong in the first paragraph? the first paragraph should be a general overview of the contents of the article- this seems to be a relatively minor detail. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.114.105.254 (talk) 10:10, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
 * From what I can tell a few older sources list his name only as Sempo Sugihara, so it makes sense to explain the discrepancy in the opening. --EminentCluster (talk) 01:13, 17 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Japanese writing can be read in multiple ways. Same characters in different context may be read differently. That includes the names to the extent that sometimes Japanese may ask somebody else how they pronounce their name (so they would not cause offense). To my knowledge, "Sempo" is one way to read the characters of Sugiwara's personal name "Chiune" and I have seen the name "Sempo" in many books and dictionaries about this part of the Holocaust and the Righteous Among the Nations. So it is not a _pseudonyme_ as such. It is a different way to read his name - Skysmith (talk) 18:02, 28 January 2022 (UTC)

A slight confusion of numbers
From the article:
 * Sugihara's widow and eldest son estimate that he saved 10,000 Jews from certain death, whereas Boston University professor and author, Hillel Levine, thinks it was far higher at around 10,000.

I'm fairly sure that 10,000=10,000. So what is this paragraph supposed to say? 85.220.22.139 (talk) 20:30, 11 June 2013 (UTC)

 * I was wondering the same thing. Rammer (talk) 02:32, 15 June 2013 (UTC)

It would be nice to give locations of the several memorials
I don't know if there is any general Wikipedia policy on this, but it would be nice to give locations for the several Sugihara memorials, especially since Google doesn't seem to know about the Los Angeles Little Tokyo statue.

If anyone wants to act on this, that memorial is at approximately 184 South Central Avenue, or +34.0479 -118.2392 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wolfamade (talk • contribs) 02:09, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

Sugihara and Poles
Polish underground issued many visas literally copying Japanese ones. Many Poles who produced false visas were murdered by the Nazis (or Soviets), Sugihara did quite well.Xx236 (talk) 07:05, 20 July 2015 (UTC)

"Manchurian Foreign Office"
This term is clearly incorrect. I would fix it, but I'm not sure what is meant. 216.8.154.6 (talk) 17:38, 28 October 2015 (UTC)

What's with the neutrality dispute thing?
I see nothing here on the talk page. --Wikipedia Wonderful 698-D (talk) 04:19, 8 April 2016 (UTC)
 * It was a drive-by tagging. And IMO, it should be treated the same as real life drive-by tags, removed by painting over them. I usually give these things a week, if nobody can defend the reason for the tag, delete it. Dave (talk) 03:04, 12 April 2016 (UTC)
 * OK. I will remove it then, as it has been up since February. --Wikipedia Wonderful 698-D (talk) 04:18, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

Lithuania
The article includes this random tangent "That same year, 45 years after the Soviet invasion of Lithuania," with no further explanation. What is the relevance of the 45 years after the invasion of Lithuania to this article? Dave (talk) 03:04, 12 April 2016 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110516193745/http://www.lt.emb-japan.go.jp/english/jp_lt_relations/venclauskas.pdf to http://www.lt.emb-japan.go.jp/english/jp_lt_relations/venclauskas.pdf
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A book by Marcel Weyland
A lot is written about Sugihara from the survivor Marcel Weyland in his book "The boy on the tricycle" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 49.177.2.232 (talk) 06:35, 24 October 2018 (UTC)

Added pageview chart
I have just added a pageview chart to this talk page. From it you can discern the effect of the Google Doodle of 2019-07-29. --Roger Hui (talk) 15:45, 30 July 2019 (UTC)

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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:23, 3 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Monument of Chiune Sugihara in Waseda Univ.JPG

title: Talk:Chiune Sugihara


text:
Talk:Pietà (Michelangelo)

Untitled
Isn't the head of Mary that of Michaelangelo's mother who died when he was five?

Article name change?
Is anyone else of the opinion that Michelangelo's Pietà should be referred to in that way, with the artist's name outside the italics? If not, why not? (We don't refer to Leonardo's Mona Lisa or Dalí's The Persistence of Memory!) But if so, what's the best way to do that? Wikipedia markup doesn't seem able to handle Michelangelo's Pietà, which is an odd oversight IMHO.
 * If you wanted both words in the link, it'd be Michelangelo's Pietà, or  Michelangelo's Pietà
 * If you only want Pietà in the link, use Michelangelo's Pietà, or  Michelangelo's Pietà
 * ~ Veledan | Talk | c . 23:36, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

History sections don't add up
If the statue was not moved to St Peter's Basilica until the 18th Century, how can the following be true?: "...Michelangelo overheard someone remark that his Pietà was the work of the inferior sculptor Cristoforo Solari, a few days after the sculpture had been installed in St. Peter's"? I expect we just need to delete the words in St Peter's but I'm not sure. ~ Veledan | Talk | c . 23:24, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

It's true because, as the article points out, from what is definitely known, the piece was first installed in the Cappella di Santa Petronilla, in another area of St. Peter's. It was moved to its current setting in St. Peter's much later. ~ Atraveler | Talk 13:58 26 November 2006 [PST]

Possible German Translation?
Found this: deutungs

das Madonna wird als seiend sehr jung dargestellt, und �ber diese Eigenheit gibt es unterschiedliche Deutungen. Eins ist, da� ihre Jugend ihre unbestechliche Reinheit symbolisiert, als Michelangelo selbst, das zu seinem biographer- und Mitsculptor gesagt wird [ [ Ascanio Condivi ] ]: ' ' wissen Sie nicht, da� tugendhafte Frauen frisch viel mehr als die bleiben, die nicht tugendhaft sind? Wieviel mehr im Fall von der Jungfrau, die nie den wenigen lascivious Wunsch erfahren hatte, der ihren K�rper �ndern konnte?' ', Eine andere Erkl�rung schl�gt vor, da� Behandlung Michelangelos des Themas durch seine Neigung f�r [ [ Dante]]s ' ' [ [ Divina Commedia ]]: also gut-mitgeteilt war er mit der Arbeit, die, als er ging [ [ Bologna ] ] ihn zahlte f�r Gastfreundschaft beeinflu�t wurde, indem man Verses von ihr reciting. ' ' im Paradiso (der Third [ [ cantica ] ] des Gedichtes) [ [ Heiliger Bernard ] ], in einem Gebet f�r die Jungfrau Mary, sagt "' ' madre Vergine, figlio Figlia Del Tuo ' '" (Jungfraumutter, Tochter Ihres Sohns). Dieses ist besagt, weil, seiend, da� Christ eine der drei Abbildungen von Dreiheit ist, sollte Mary seine Tochter, wie die ganze Menschlichkeit sein ist, aber ist auch seine Mutter. Eine dritte Deutung ist das vorgeschlagen von Condivi kurz nach dem Durchgang, der oben veranschlagen wird: einfach wurden diese "solche Frische und Blume von Jugend, au�er innen beibehalten werden mit nat�rlichen Mitteln, durch h�here Gewalt unterst�tzt".

Reverted. Does the above text go in the German version? Jman 02:57, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * "Does the above text go in the German version?" -- No, since it was written by someone who does not call German his/her mother tongue. But I will nevertheless try translate what the contributor wrote (and perhaps meant) into English:

>>> The Madonna is represented here as a very young one, and there are different interpretations about this fact. One interpretation is that her youth symbolizes her virginity. A contemporary biographer of Michelangelo ask him: Do you not know that virtuous women are being fresher than those women who did not obey virtuousness ? How much more will this apply to the Virgin Mary, who never had any lascivious wish which could change her body ? Another interpretation suggests that Michelangelo was influenced by his leanings to [Dante]s [Divina Commedia] when he created his work. So he did his (this) work, when he left for Bologna, for his hosts, since he was influenced by them. He followed the verses from the poem [Heiliger Bernard] in the third [cantica] of the [Paradiso], the prayer for the Virgin Mary, which says: "madre Vergine, figlio Figlia Del Tuo" (Virgin Mary, mother of Your son). This means, since Jesus Christ is part of the Holy Trinity, ought Virgin Mary be looked at as His daughter as well as His mother. <<<

(The last sentence does simply refer to another remark written earlier in this thread. )

Though I have tried to translate this message from German into English, I must admit, that I cannot make out any sense of it in either language. The language sounds like German, but no native German speaker will understand it. I just TRIED to understand it, but I am not sure that I understood it right. So sometimes the translation is more like an interpretation of what I read... Hans Rosenthal (ROHA) (hans.rosenthal AT t-online.de -- replace AT by @ ) (22032006)

World's Fair
Shouldn't there be something here about the statue appearing in the Vatican City pavillion of the 1964 World's Fair?

I just went to the Queens Museum of Art in New York City and there is a plaster cast of the statue. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.232.244.176 (talk) 00:40, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

Second Michelangelo Monogram?
These two sources claim that during the restoration of the sculpture, post 1970's attack, a second previously unknown monogram of Michelangelo's was discovered. Apparently it is in the fold's of the palm of Mary's hand. The Guardian states it is on Mary's left hand. The second source says right hand, then says the outstretched hand which is actually Mary's left hand. Maybe they mean right from the viewer's perspective?

Does anyone have more info on this? Perhaps it should be added to the article? John Dalton 05:16, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

three authorized replicas?
I tried to find if that's true (there are three replicas authorized by vatican), but I couldn't find it. Anyone? Janviermichelle 05:10, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I think there are more than three replicas, depending on the medium. This article says that one of three bronze replicas is at the Haggarty Museum of Art.  This webpage says that there are four fiberglass copies from a mold authorized by the Vatican.  (It's original research, but I have seen the one at St. Mary's).  TheronJ (talk) 22:30, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

I just saw one yesterday at a special exhibit at the St Louis history museum. I believe it is touring the country/world The one I saw I believe was made of plaster````  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.207.131.20 (talk) 01:42, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

how is it made?
i just think it would be cool to know how he made it. it looks so realistic it is hard to think of what he did to get it to look like that. i'm not going to research it, just thought it would be cool. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.7.2.43 (talk) 23:51, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * He WAS a sculptor, that is usually what he did. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.184.241.144 (talk) 02:40, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Another Authorized Replica
The Basilica of the National Shrine of Mary Queen of the Universe, Orlando, FL, recently began exhibiting a full scale bronze replica of Michelangelo's Pieta. The cast is from the original plaster mold taken from the Pieta in St. Peters Basilica in Rome by the Fonderia Artistica Ferdinando Marinelli, Florence, Italy in 1932. I verified this directly with the foundry. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pgonz34711 (talk • contribs) 00:23, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

interpretations
My interpretation was not represented in this section, and I can't imagine that no one else takes it the way I do. To me it is combining the two main images of Christianity into one. The manger scene and the crucifixion. 24.207.131.20 (talk) 00:42, 13 July 2010 (UTC)

Error - looks like nose wasn't taken
At 1:11 of this video:(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-VpXvi0dOU), it shows the nose.

This article says that the nose was taken and never returned. Seems that is incorrect based on the video.

- Brady Mower about.me/bradymower — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.23.11.154 (talk) 13:55, 1 November 2012 (UTC)

File:Michelangelo's Pieta 5450 cropncleaned edit.jpg
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pictures
Here are some close up fotos in high res: Pictures — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.244.107.24 (talk) 06:21, 27 August 2015 (UTC)

What is the definitive proof that this is Mary, the Virgin Mary mother of Christ and not Mary Magdalene ?
What if there this was not the Virgin Mary but that of Mary Jesus' Wife? Magdalene would fit better as the age is obviously important to Michelangelo when sculpting this masterpiece. We know that there was coded messages within his artwork? In Mark’s gospel it is Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome who arrive at the tomb with spices for a proper anointing of the body. In this account, the stone is already rolled away when they arrive, but the angel is there with the same message: “He has been raised; he is not here.” In Luke’s gospel it is Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and “other women” who encounter not one but two angels at the empty tomb. And in John’s gospel it was Mary Magdalene alone. The gospel accounts may differ about which women were present that morning, but they all agree that the women saw an angel (or two), an empty tomb, and, most important of all, they saw and spoke to the resurrected Jesus. In each of the accounts, the women see Jesus. In each of the accounts the women are the first witnesses to the resurrected Christ. — Preceding unsigned comment added by RReali158 (talk • contribs) 21:03, 6 October 2016 (UTC)

Location of cast taken by Marinelli Foundry between 1932-1945?
Does anyone know where the cast taken was stored before and during the war?

Soggiornoselvaggio (talk) 17:21, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

To add to article
Wouldn't it be notable to add to this article the fact that Michelangelo was just 24 years of age when this work was completed? 173.88.246.138 (talk) 08:22, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Pietà (Michelangelo)


text:
Talk:HIH the Crown Prince Yi Seok

VFD Result
The result of the VFD can be found here: Votes for deletion/HIH the Crown Prince Yi Seok -- AllyUnion (talk) 13:27, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:HIH the Crown Prince Yi Seok


text: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Utah/to do

title: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Utah/to do


text:
Talk:Hypermarche

VFD Result
The result of the VFD can be found here: Votes for deletion/Hypermarche -- AllyUnion (talk) 13:31, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hypermarche


text:
User talk:200.188.223.195

Proposed deletion of Bulk and Skull

The article Bulk and Skull has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline requirement nor the more detailed Notability (fiction) supplementary essay. WP:BEFORE did not reveal any significant coverage on Gnews, Gbooks or Gscholar. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 12:46, 26 January 2023 (UTC)

Nomination of Bulk and Skull for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Bulk and Skull is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Bulk and Skull until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 10:26, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:200.188.223.195


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Talk:Hancock's Half Hour

Untitled
It would be very useful to have a list of all known radio/TV episodes, and information on which CDs/DVDs they can be found, perhaps on a grid? Certainly a list of the Available DVDs and CDs would be useful.

Moved from the article:

Much more detail on classic episodes to come

BillyH 23:31, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Rediscovered episodes
I removed the reference to The New Secretary being rediscoved in 2005, as this episode appears on Hancock's Half Hour Vol. 10, released in 1998. JW 14:16, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Indeed, my mistake. The article originally said that the two episodes were 'recently' recovered, which told us nothing. I knew The Blackboard Jungle was recovered last year, so I just put 2005 for both of them. BillyH 16:43, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
 * That wasn't an error as it was the Re-made version of the New Secretary that appeared on HHH Vol 10 in 1998 and not the original version.81.111.126.82 (talk) 01:30, 31 July 2013 (UTC)

Classic Episodes
I have tried to find synopses of some classic episodes but I can't find any on the web. I know some of these in detail and would be prepared to put in some effort to do this, but there are so many, and it is probably very contentious.

I would want to see the following:

 * The Wild Man of the Woods
 * Sunday Afternoon at Home
 * The Missing Page
 * The Private Life of Anthony Hancock

Then
 * The Blood Donor
 * Radio Ham
 * The Reunion
 * Hancock Alone

I personally think that the Missing Page represents a high point not only in the Hancock canon, but in the whole of mid-20th century comedy. The timing is wonderful, and the script superb. There is a flaw, in the the whole thing is based on a falsehood; you wouldn't turn over the page to find it's missing, but to lose that would have been to lose many superb comedic moments. The section where Sid James claims to have worked out whodunnit, and convinces Hancock that it's Harry Zimmerman, and Hancock drifts off into reveries and understanding only to pull himself back sharply to exclaim "Harry Zimmerman was killed on p2!". A masterpiece. The end, too where they find the author is deceased. "Dead! The Fool!" wonderful.

You might detect I would have a little trouble with the NPOV here, though.

--TonyFleet 15:06, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

HHH and Harold Pinter
The small resemblance to Pinter's work is only really apparent in the two series of 1958 and 1959, I think. Pinter's first plays date from 1957 and 1958, so "several years" was misleading. Philip Cross 22:28, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Scandinavian adaptions
Galton & Simpson's scripts were adapted by Swedish director Bo Hermansson, for the Norwegian (later Swedish/Norwegian co-production) TV series Fleksnes (1972–88), as well as the film Den siste Fleksnes (1974). G & S wrote new original scripts for the 30 years anniversary episodes in 2002. Hermansson also directed a Swedish TV series and a Norwegian film based on Steptoe and Son. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Linkomfod (talk • contribs) 19:32, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

Desirability of creating full listing
I think it would be a great addition - either in this article or in a separate article - to have a chronological listing of all the episode titles for the radio and TV series. There are a lot of individual titles mentioned in the article - and seeing a series-by-series listing would be most helpful. Can anyone help put this together? If not a definitive list - at least the best that can be managed initially. Davidpatrick (talk) 05:40, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Hancock's Half Hour Nav Box?
Is it possible to construct a nav box (a blue box) for Hancock's Half Hour? 89.242.126.94 (talk) 22:48, 7 May 2010 (UTC)

Discovery of bootleg recordings of six episodes of series 4
The section on "Series 4" seems to suggest that the six recently discovered "homemade" recordings from this TV series are actually telerecordings, i.e., video and audio, whereas in actual fact they are just poor quality audio recordings. 87.112.67.79 (talk) 02:44, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

Jack Hawkins
Jack Hawkins appeared in one episode of TV "Hancocks Half Hour" as himself.

Does anybody know which episode this was?AT Kunene (talk) 09:41, 2 March 2011 (UTC)

 * This was in 'The Elocution Teacher' from series 3, episode 8.81.111.127.132 (talk) 00:27, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

Other commercial releases as "singles"
There were a set of HHH singles released by Decca, too, which contained 15 mins of specific radio programmes. 86.129.203.215 (talk) 18:20, 15 August 2011 (UTC)

Galton & Simpson at “The Missing Hancocks”
The article makes it sound as if Galton & Simpson attended all the re-staged episodes of “The Missing Hancocks”, when in fact I believe that they have attended one recording session for each series. I’ve attended three of the sessions, and they were coincidentally at two of them, and not at the the other; context from what was said on the nights they attended suggested that this was not a regular occurrence. CAn anyone confirm if they made it to more sessions? Jock123 (talk) 12:48, 13 March 2016 (UTC)

Britain's Best Sitcom Poll
Should this article point out that in 2004, the television version of Hancock's Half Hour came thirtieth in a poll to find Britain's favourite television sitcom? Vorbee (talk) 18:42, 18 December 2019 (UTC)

Missing Hancocks
The Missing Hancocks series should have their own section, if not their own page. Currently they are just mentioned in footnotes to the original series. There is no detail such as cast list, transmission dates etc. 82.24.65.28 (talk) 15:02, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hancock's Half Hour


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Delphine (novel)

Delphine is the first novel by Germaine de Staël, published in 1802. The book is written in epistolary form (as a series of letters) and examines the limits of women's freedom in an aristocratic society. Although de Staël denied political intent, the book was controversial enough for Napoleon to exile the author.

In this tragic novel, influenced by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Julie, or the New Heloise, she reflects on the discussions on divorce in the National Assembly before the Concordat of 1801, when the laws were changed; the consequences after the Battle of Verdun (1792) leading to arrests and the September Massacres, the fate of the émigrés. The main characters have traits of Benjamin Constant and Talleyrand, and the liberalist view of the Italian politician Melzi d'Eril.

Creation
In a literary and political essay called De la littérature dans ses rapports avec les institutions sociales published in 1800, Germaine de Staël wrote about the history of literature and its links with political contexts, and also advocated the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, which did not please Napoleon. The emperor of the French was also afraid of de Staël's political relations, and suspected her to be an opponent. Delphine's publication in 1802 made things even worse: de Staël was exiled from Paris, and forbidden to get closer than 40 lieues from the city.

When publishing Delphine, she claimed she was not interested in politics any more. Yet, this novel dedicated to "the silent France" (la France silencieuse) explicitly talks about such political and sociological subjects such as women's status, Protestantism, political liberalism, and emigration.

Summary
The story takes place in Paris between 1789 and 1792 during the French Revolution. Delphine d'Albémar, a young widow, arranges a wedding between one of her distant relatives, Matilde de Vernon, and Léonce de Mondoville. But she falls in love with Léonce, and as he is engaged with Matilde, their love is impossible. The story ends tragically with Delphine committing suicide.

Main characters

 * Delphine d'Albémar, the heroine, who gives her name to the novel. Formerly married to M. d'Albémar, she is now a widow ; she is rich, generous and smart and wishes to make her friends happy. This is why she arranges the wedding of Matilde de Vernon and Léonce de Mondoville. She claims that the duty to do what is right is more important to her than the judgement of others on her doings, but when she falls in love with Léonce, she gets torn between the two, and ends up killing herself.
 * Matilde de Vernon, a distant cousin and friend of Delphine. She is quite the opposite of Delphine, being discreet, bigot, but deeply in love with Léonce though she doesn't show it at first.
 * Madame de Vernon, Matilde's mother, a pleasant-looking woman, but who is actually sly and acts for her own interest only. However, her character can be explained by her loveless marriage with M. de Vernon.

title: Delphine (novel)


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Giuseppe Colombo

Giuseppe "Bepi" Colombo (2 October 1920 in Padua – 20 February 1984 in Padua) was an Italian scientist, mathematician and engineer at the University of Padua, Italy.

Mercury
Colombo studied the planet Mercury, and it was his calculations which showed how to get a spacecraft into a solar orbit which would encounter Mercury multiple times, using a gravity assist manoeuvre with Venus. Due to this idea, NASA was able to have the Mariner 10 accomplish three fly-bys of Mercury instead of one. Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to use gravity assist. Since then, the technique has become common.

Colombo also explained the spin-orbit resonance in Mercury's orbit, showing that it rotates three times for every two orbits around the Sun.

Saturn's rings
Colombo also made significant contributions to the study of Saturn's rings, mostly using ground-based observations in the era before space exploration reached the outer Solar System.

Other contributions

 * Colombo invented the concept of tethers for tying satellites together.
 * Colombo participated in the planning of Giotto, the European Space Agency's mission to Halley's Comet, but died before the spacecraft was launched.

Legacy

 * The Giuseppe Colombo Centre for Space Geodesy in Matera, Italy.
 * ESA awards a 'Colombo fellowship' each year to a European scientist working in the field of astronautics

Several astronomical objects and spaceships are named after to honour him:
 * The ESA-JAXA mission to Mercury, which launched at 1:45:28 UTC on 20 October 2018, is named BepiColombo.
 * The Colombo Gap in Saturn's rings.
 * The asteroid 10387 Bepicolombo

title: Giuseppe Colombo


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Baseline (surveying)

In surveying, a baseline is generally a line between two points on the Earth's surface and the direction and/or distance between them.

In a triangulation network, at least one distance between two stations needs to be measured to calculate the size of the triangles by trigonometry.

In relative Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveying, a baseline is the line between two GNSS receivers to determine the 3D coordinate difference.

United States
In the United States Public Land Survey System, a baseline is specifically the principal east-west line (i.e., a parallel) upon which all rectangular surveys in a defined area are based. The baseline meets its corresponding principal meridian (north-south line) at the point of origin, or initial point, for the land survey. For example, the baseline for Nebraska and Kansas is shared as the border for both states, at the 40th parallel north.

More specifically a baseline may be the line that divides a survey township between north and south.

"Baseline Road"
Many communities in the United States have roads that run along survey baselines, many of which are named to reflect that fact. Some examples:

 * In Little Rock, Arkansas, Baseline Road follows the baseline used by surveyors of the Louisiana Purchase.
 * In Colorado, Baseline Road in Boulder marks the 40th parallel, or the western extension of the Kansas-Nebraska boundary, which is also the boundary between Adams and Weld counties.
 * In Arizona, the baseline near the Phoenix metro area is marked by Baseline Road.
 * In Southern California, from Highland to San Dimas, the baseline is marked by Baseline Road.
 * In Michigan, the baseline for the Michigan Survey forms the boundary between the second and third tiers of counties and in many portions, discontinuous segments of road along the baseline are known as "Baseline Road." 8 Mile Road in the Detroit area runs along the Michigan Baseline and was formerly known as "Baseline Road."
 * Baseline Road in Hillsboro, Oregon, generally follows the Willamette Baseline which intersects the Willamette Meridian at the Willamette Stone State Park.

Canada
In Canadian land surveying, a base line is one of the many principal east-west lines that correspond to four tiers of townships (two tiers north and two south). The base lines are about 24 mi apart, with the first base line at the 49th parallel, the western Canada–US border. It is, therefore equivalent to the standard parallel in the US system.

Ontario
In Ontario, a baseline forms a straight line parallel a geographical feature (mostly a lake, especially Lake Ontario or Lake Erie) that serves as a reference line for surveying a grid of property lots. The result of this surveying is the concession road and sideline system in use today.

Many prominent Ontario baselines lie on the surveyed boundaries of land treaties signed with First Nations peoples. For example, several baselines in Waterloo Region and Brant County (including Wilmot Line, Brant-Oxford Road, and Indian Line) follow the borders of the Haldimant Tract land grant to the Six Nations confederacy, leading to the patchwork road and lot network, surveyed parallel to the western edge of the tract, which can be seen in this area to this day. Jones Baseline which runs through Wellington County and Halton Region follows the original survey route marked by Augustus Jones after the Between the Lakes Purchase in 1792.

title: Baseline (surveying)


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Talk:First Sudanese Civil War

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 21 January 2020 and 16 May 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Imwesley. Peer reviewers: Mitchellf689, Sealbillo.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 21:27, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

VFD Result
The result of the VFD can be found here: Votes for deletion/First Sudanese Civil War -- AllyUnion (talk) 13:42, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Anya Nya
Why is Anya nya a redirect to Anyanya, when the first spelling is the "correct" one as used in the Library of Congress? --ZsinjTalk 15:29, 16 April 2006 (UTC)
 * The Library of Congress is not the first and foremost authority on everything. --Ezeu (talk) 00:35, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

On SSLP, and UK & USSR support for Sudan
I just made some edits that may be subject to dispute, -- Secondat of Orange (talk) 20:14, 16 May 2013 (UTC)
 * 1) The claim that their was foreign support for Sudan is not one reflected in the subject literature. The website which was used as a reference lists arms exporters to Sudan during the decades in question and makes no mention of the war. This in itself doesn't give evidence for USSR or UK political support for the Republic of Sudan.
 * 2) There are two SSLMs, one from the first war and one from the second. The flag and article linked to in this page refer to the collaborationist Nuer factions from the Second War. The two have no continuity other than name.

title: Talk:First Sudanese Civil War


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Acontius

Acontius (Ancient Greek: Ἀκόντιος), was in Greek mythology a beautiful youth of the island of Ceos, the hero of a love-story told by Callimachus in a poem of which only fragments remain, and which forms the subject of two of Ovid's Heroides. During the festival of Artemis at Delos, Acontius saw Cydippe, a well-born Athenian maiden of whom he was enamoured, sitting in the temple of Artemis. He wrote on an apple the words, "I swear by Artemis that I will marry Acontius", and threw it at her feet. She picked it up, and mechanically read the words aloud, which amounted to a solemn undertaking to carry them out. Unaware of this, she treated Acontius with contempt; but, although she was betrothed more than once, she always fell ill before the wedding took place. The Delphic oracle at last declared the cause of her illnesses to be the wrath of the offended goddess; whereupon her father consented to her marriage with Acontius. Antoninus Liberalis, tells the story with different names; see Ctesylla.

title: Acontius


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Bepi Colombo

Bepi Colombo may refer to:

 * Giuseppe 'Bepi' Colombo (1920–1984), an Italian scientist
 * 10387 Bepicolombo, an asteroid named after Bepi Colombo
 * BepiColombo, a space mission to Mercury, named after Bepi Colombo

title: Bepi Colombo


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Jayne Middlemiss

Jayne Middlemiss (born 3 February 1971) is an English television and radio presenter. She began presenting music television shows including The O Zone and Top of the Pops in the mid-1990s, as well as other television and radio shows, including on BBC Radio 6 Music. She has won both Celebrity MasterChef and reality show Celebrity Love Island.

Early life
Middlemiss was born and raised in the town of Bedlington in Northumberland. Her father was a miner and her mother was a factory worker. She attended Whitley Memorial C of E First School, followed by Meadowdale Middle School and later Bedlington Community High School.

Modelling
Middlemiss first worked in an electrical store, but left for London. In 1991, Middlemiss started out as a glamour model; within a year, she left that behind to pursue a career in the media.

She has since appeared in the FHM 100 Sexiest Women in the World poll, at 77 (1998), 75 (1999) and 74 (2000).

Music presenting
Middlemiss worked for Noel Edmonds and Chris Evans before briefly working as a nanny, a shop assistant and a waitress. She worked for only two weeks as a trainee researcher on GMTV with Peter McHugh, before gaining her first presenting job on music show The O Zone with Jamie Theakston from 1995. She gained the audition for The O Zone after she met presenter Toby Anstis at a party and he gave her tape to the producer. She then presented the Smash Hits Awards, The Phone Zone and Top of the Pops and its spin-off radio show on BBC Radio 1. She also regularly covered Jo Whiley's show and various other programmes on the same station.

After hosting live coverage of Glastonbury Festival and the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, Middlemiss presented Rough Cut and Dog's Balearics. She was one of the original presenters on the new digital station BBC Radio 6 Music in 2002, presenting the Music Week, where she remained until she left in April 2004.

Mainstream work
Middlemiss began presenting fashion show She's Gotta Have It in 2000, going on to front three series. She went on to present some of the BBC's Holiday - On a Shoestring programmes, to destinations across the globe before co-hosting the LA Pool Party series with Lisa Snowdon, which won a TRIC Award. In 2003, Middlemiss was a panellist on ITV's Loose Women.

In 2004, for Five TV, Middlemiss presented the dating show What Women Want, before co-presenting the seventh series of Robot Wars, alongside Craig Charles and The Games with Jamie Theakston.

In 2005, she appeared on ITV's Celebrity Love Island and became emotionally involved with footballer Lee Sharpe. The pair did not become a couple, however, despite the producers of the show sending them on a trip in a 'make or break' boat. She eventually went on to win the show, alongside Fran Cosgrave. In 2006 she returned to Fiji to host Love Island's sister show Aftersun on ITV2.

In 2005, Middlemiss presented Family Forensics UK on Living TV, but the show was taken off air after the first episode was broadcast. Other recent credits include coverage of Live 8 for commercial radio, ITV2's coverage of the British Comedy Awards and Soapstar Superstar, work as a reporter for GMTV and Richard & Judy and appearances as a 'talking head' in a number of celebrity-based documentaries. In 2007, Middlemiss presented the third series of the Orange Playlist for ITV on Thursday nights.

In 2009, Middlemiss won Celebrity MasterChef.

In 2010, Middlemiss was a guest presenter on Live from Studio Five. She replaced Emma Willis, who left to front the new series of the Big Brother spin-off Big Brother's Little Brother, alongside George Lamb. Middlemiss presented the show alongside Kate Walsh and Ian Wright (until his departure in August 2010). Middlemiss left Live From Studio Five in December 2010.

Middlemiss featured on Pointless Celebrities on BBC One in December 2012 alongside Theakston, winning the episode.

In 2018 Middlemiss started presenting the Weekend Breakfast Show on Panda Radio.

In 2019, Middlemiss joined Absolute Radio and covered for Sarah Champion for two weeks on Absolute 80s.

In July 2021, Middlemiss covered weekend breakfast on Virgin Radio UK, in the absence of Amy Voce. She also covered for other regular presenters including Eddy Temple-Morris during the 2021 Christmas and New Year holidays.

Personal life
Middlemiss lives in Belsize Park, London. She dated: TV producer Andy Davies; from 2000–02 TV director Eliot Fletcher; and Irish model Alan Byrne from 2007–08.

A committed follower of yoga since around 1995, in 2005 Middlemiss released the DVD Jayne Middlemiss - Love Yoga. In 2006, Middlemiss narrated a documentary about a yoga retreat for the BBC. She was also seen in A Beginners Guide to ... Yoga for Channel 4 (2007).

Television and radio credits

 * Celebrity Mastermind (2023)

title: Jayne Middlemiss


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First-time buyer

A first-time buyer (FTB) is a potential house buyer who has not previously purchased a residential property. The term is used in the British, Irish, Canada property markets, and in other countries. In the US, the term first-time home buyer is common.

Characteristics
A first-time buyer is usually desirable to a seller as they do not have to sell a property, and as such will not involve a housing chain.

In the US, first-time buyers are usually in their mid-30s.

Decision to buy a home
There are many factors a first-time buyer may need to consider before purchasing their first property; how much initial cash they will need for stamp duty and any solicitors fees, and if they need to arrange a mortgage how much are they able to afford.

In many countries such as United Kingdom, Canada and Australia home ownership is seen as a natural step in the life cycle and the natural form of property tenure. Canada and Australia have some of the most ownership rate in word (all above 65%) home ownership. Ireland has one of the highest proportions of owner-occupiers in the EU at around 80%.

Mortgages
In the UK in the 1980s almost half of all mortgages were taken out by first-time buyers. As of 2021, first-time buyers represented 50% of all mortgage house purchases in the UK. In Ireland, FTB's represent 34% of the market.

The number of new buyers purchasing property declines when housing becomes unaffordable.

In the 2007 Scottish parliamentary election the Scottish National Party proposed a £2,000 grant for first-time buyers to help them get onto the property ladder.

Grants have not been forthcoming in the rest of the UK, but in July 2007 Housing Minister Yvette Cooper announced it would be broadening the government's Homebuy Shared Equity scheme to help buyers. "Unless we act now by 2026 first-time buyers will find average house prices are ten times their salary. That could lead to real social inequality and injustice," Cooper told Parliament.

Since then, first time buyers have regained momentum in the market, with reports in 2010 citing first-time buying as the most popular of consumer enquiries for a local, whole of market mortgage adviser - accounting for 37% of total enquiries.

In 2016 the UK Government launched the Help to Buy ISA for first time buyers through incentivising them to use savings to fund a deposit on a property. The money saved is then boosted by 25% up to a maximum of £3000. In April 2017, the Lifetime ISA was launched. It was launched to replace the Help to Buy ISA (which was closed in Nov 2019). The Lifetime ISA gives a similar 25% top-up from the government towards a First Time Buyer's home purchase, but also gives the flexibility to save the money and the top-up for retirement. The First Homes Scheme was launched in June 2021, which enabled first-time buyers, local people and key workers to purchase a property at a discounted rate.

The UK Help to Buy equity loan scheme closed to new applicants on 31 October 2022.

In May 2023, first-time buyer mortgage approvals in Ireland reached their highest levels since 2011, according to the Banking and Payments Federation of Ireland (BPFI).

title: First-time buyer


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Ralph Cicerone

Ralph John Cicerone (May 2, 1943 – November 5, 2016) was an American atmospheric scientist and administrator. From 1998 to 2005, he was the chancellor of the University of California, Irvine. From 2005 to 2016, he was the president of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). He was a "renowned authority" on climate change and atmospheric chemistry, and issued an early warning about the grave potential risks of climate change.

Early life and education
Cicerone was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, on May 2, 1943, to Salvatore and Louise (Palus) Cicerone. His father, an insurance salesman, was the son of Italian immigrants.

Cicerone was the first in his family to attend college. He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1965 with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering. He was captain of MIT's varsity baseball team. After college, he obtained masters and doctoral degrees from the University of Illinois.

Career
Cicerone joined the University of Michigan as a research scientist, later holding faculty positions in electrical and computer engineering from 1971 to 1978. In 1978 he moved to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego as a research chemist. He was appointed senior scientist and director of the Atmospheric Chemistry Division at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, in 1980. He held this position until 1989 when he joined the University of California, Irvine (UCI), as professor of earth system science (having founded the department) and chaired the Department of Earth System Science from 1989 to 1994, when he became Dean of Physical Sciences. Cicerone was recognized on the citation for the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry awarded to colleague F. Sherwood Rowland. In 1998 he became the fourth Chancellor of UCI. Ralph Cicerone held the position of Chancellor of UC Irvine until 2005, when he left to be President of the National Academy of Sciences. He retired as NAS President in June 2016.

In 2001, while chancellor of UCI, Cicerone led an academy panel, commissioned by George W. Bush, tasked with reporting to him on climate change. The panel concluded unequivocally that "greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise."

Cicerone was a member of the USA Science and Engineering Festival's Advisory Board, a Foreign Member of the Royal Society, Academia Sinica, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Korean Academy of Science and Technology. He also served as president of the American Geophysical Union, the world's largest society of earth scientists.

Honors, awards and legacy
He was the 1999 laureate for the Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science. The American Geophysical Union awarded him its James B. Macelwane Award in 1979 for outstanding contributions to geophysics by a young scientists and later in 2002 its Roger Revelle Medal for outstanding research contributions to the understanding of Earth's atmospheric processes, biogeochemical cycles, and other key elements of the climate system. The World Cultural Council honored him with the Albert Einstein World Award of Science in 2004.

Cicerone revived the baseball program at UC Irvine in 2002, while he was its chancellor. The baseball field at UC Irvine's Anteater Ballpark was named after Cicerone in 2009.

Ralph Cicerone and his wife Carol Cicerone endowed a graduate fellowship at UCI in 2009.

Personal life
Cicerone was married to Carol M. (Ogata) Cicerone (a professor of cognitive sciences at the UCI during the Cicerone's time at the university) and had a daughter and two grandchildren.

He was an avid baseball fan who played varsity baseball during college at MIT.

Cicerone died unexpectedly at his home in the Short Hills section of Millburn, New Jersey on November 5, 2016.

Archival collections

 * Ralph J. Cicerone papers. Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.
 * University of California, Irvine, Chancellor Ralph J. Cicerone records. Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.

title: Ralph Cicerone


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A Distant Mirror

A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century is a narrative history book by the American historian Barbara Tuchman, first published by Alfred A. Knopf in 1978. It won a 1980 U.S. National Book Award in History.

The main title, A Distant Mirror, conveys Tuchman's thesis that the death and suffering of the 14th century reflect those of the 20th century, particularly the horrors of World War I.

Summary
The book's focus is the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages which caused widespread suffering in Europe in the 14th century. Drawing heavily on Froissart's Chronicles, Tuchman recounts the histories of the Hundred Years' War, the Black Plague, the Papal Schism, pillaging mercenaries, anti-Semitism, popular revolts including the Jacquerie in France, the liberation of Switzerland, the Battle of the Golden Spurs, and various peasant uprisings. She also discusses the advance of the Islamic Ottoman Empire into Europe until the disastrous Battle of Nicopolis. However, Tuchman's scope is not limited to political and religious events. She begins with a discussion of the Little Ice Age, a change in climate that reduced average temperatures in Europe well into the mid-19th century, and describes the lives of all social classes, including nobility, clergy, and peasantry.

Much of the narrative is woven around the life of the French nobleman Enguerrand de Coucy. Tuchman chose him as a central figure partly because his life spanned much of the 14th century, from 1340 to 1397. A powerful French noble who married Isabella, eldest daughter of Edward III of England, Coucy's ties put him in the middle of events.

Critical reception
A Distant Mirror received much popular acclaim. A reviewer in History Today described it as an enthralling work full of "vivid pen-portraits". In The Spectator, David Benson called it "an exciting and even bracing" book which did away with many sentimental myths about the Middle Ages. It also received a favorable review in the Los Angeles Times.

However, scholarly reaction was muted. In the journal Speculum, Charles T. Wood praised Tuchman's narrative abilities but described the book as a "curiously dated and old-fashioned work" and criticized it for being shaped by the political concerns of the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Bernard S. Bachrach criticized Tuchman's reliance on secondary sources and dated translations of medieval narratives at the expense of archival research, and characterized the book as a whole as "a readable fourteenth-century version of the Fuzz n' Wuz (cops and corpses) that dominates the evening news on television." Thomas Ohlgren agreed with many of Bachrach's criticisms, and further took issue with many perceived anachronisms in Tuchman's characterization of the medieval world and a lack of scholarly rigor. William McNeill, writing in the Chicago Tribune, thought that A Distant Mirror, while well-written on a technical level, did not present an intelligible picture of the period.

The book inspired Katherine Hoover to write her composition Medieval Suite.

Editions
, all editions are re-printings with identical pagination and contents (xx, 677 pages).

title: A Distant Mirror


text: User talk:165.139.24.240

title: User talk:165.139.24.240


text: User talk:66.122.247.183

title: User talk:66.122.247.183


text:
User talk:Johnefitz

Hi and welcome to wiki,

Earlier you put a comment on Image:Flag of munster.png about not knowing how to delete an image in the encylopedia - it is quite simple, simply rename the file you want to upload and use the same format that is alread uploaded - thus "Real Munster Flag.gif" should be saved as a PNG file and called "Flag of munster.png". The encylopedia will keep a history of the files uploaded and will ask if you want to overwrite.

Remember it is important to cite and adhere to copyright and source requirements.

Djegan 14:06, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Copyrighted images
Please desist from adding copyrighted images to Wikipedia. Copyright violations will be deleted where ascertained.

Standard (invariant) national flags can't really be copyrighted, but individual unique renditions of regional Irish flags most certainly can!

The existing images are not perfect, but are created from scratch or using "free" material. This is why they continue to be used.

Don't let this dissuade you from adding "free" (GFDL licence) content if you find or create it.

zoney ♣ talk 16:40, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Real Munster Flag.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Real Munster Flag.gif. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 03:36, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Johnefitz


text:
Julia Carling

Julia Stringer (Smith; born 28 February 1965) is a British journalist and television presenter. She is the ex-wife of former England rugby captain Will Carling.

Career
Her television credits include:
 * VH1 UK (VJ)
 * The Big Breakfast (Channel 4)
 * Top of the Pops (BBC)
 * This Morning (ITV)
 * Celebrity Baby (Sky One)
 * Top To Toe II (Carlton Midland, 2004)

She wrote a book called Beauty Scoop with Kate Shapland, published in 2004.

Personal life
She had a relationship with guitarist Jeff Beck from the age of 18, living with him for six years.

She married England rugby captain Will Carling in 1994. They divorced in 1996.

Julia married Sony executive Rob Stringer in 2006.

She is a vegetarian and is interested in Egyptology, having taken a Diploma in the subject at Birkbeck, University of London.

title: Julia Carling


text: Category:Years in Germany

title: Category:Years in Germany


text: User talk:198.203.102.125

title: User talk:198.203.102.125


text:
Belgian Cup

The Belgian Cup (Coupe de Belgique; Beker van België []; Belgischer Fußballpokal) is the main knockout football competition in Belgium, run by the Royal Belgian FA. The competition started in 1908 with provincial selections as the "Belgian Provinces Cup". Starting from 1912 only actual clubs were allowed to partake. As of 1964, the Belgian Cup has been organised annually. Since the 2015–16 edition, the Belgian Cup is called the Croky Cup, for sponsorship purposes. The final traditionally takes place at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels.

The most successful cup club is Club Bruges with 11 Belgian cups in their possession. The current champions are Union SG, having beaten Royal Antwerp 1–0 in the 2024 final. The winners are awarded a challenge cup and qualify for the UEFA Europa League and the Belgian Supercup.

First national cup competitions
The first cup competition ever in Belgium was held in 1907–08 but the teams were not actual teams but were provincial selections. The winner would be awarded a silver trophy by prince Albert. Football was especially played in Brussels and Antwerp. In West and East Flanders, notably Bruges and Ghent, football was also becoming more and more loved. In Wallonia, football was adored around the city of Liège. The province of West Flanders won to that of Antwerp by 6–2. The next year, the province of Antwerp beat that of Brabant by 5–2. The cup was then suspended after two years.

In 1912, the Belgian Cup made a first return. This time only actual clubs from the two highest levels were allowed to partake. 16 clubs would fight for the Kings' Cup in a knockout competition. Racing Club de Bruxelles won the first Belgian Cup for clubs, after beating RC de Gand in the final. The competition would return the next year. This time, preliminary rounds would be organised so regional could partake as well. Union Saint-Gilloise would go on and win this edition's final after extra time. Having already won the national league three weeks before, the team became the first double winners in Belgian football history. They would end up winning the cup the following year as well.

During the First World War, no organised association football was played in Belgium. It would take until 1926–27 for the Belgian Cup to make its comeback. t's also the first time the competition is officially named the Belgian Cup. This edition would be won by R Cercle Sportif Brugeois, the first Flemish team to achieve this. They also won the national league, which made them the second team to win the Belgian double. Unfortunately, the cup fell into disgrace among the leading clubs at the time. During the interbellum the competition would only be organised one more time, in 1935–36. The 1944 edition was never finished.

In 1953, the Belgian Cup made another comeback. This edition of the cup would be won by Standard Liège, the first Walloon team to do so. Three years later, a poll was organized after which the Belgian cup was stopped once again.

Gateway to Europe
The foundation of the European Cup Winners' Cup is the main reason an annual cup tournament was brought back to life in 1963-1964. The first four editions of this European Cup had no Belgian participants due to the absence of a national cup.

Since 1964, the Belgian Cup winner would be qualified for the European Cup Winners' Cup, until its discontinuation in 1999. From then on, the cupholders would get a place in the UEFA cup, which became the UEFA Europa League in ten years later. Since 2021, the winner will enter the European competition in the play-off round. Because teams have to play a fewer number of games compared to the national league to get a European ticket, the Belgian Cup was nicknamed 'The quickest way to Europe'. This meant the top teams grew more interest in the national cup, which increased the prestige of the competition. Due to all of this, the traditional big three of Belgian football (FC Bruges, RSC Anderlecht and Standard Liège) would win the cup the most times. The most successful cup club is Club Brugge KV with 11 cups followed by Anderlecht with 9 and Standard Liège with 8. Bruges would go on and win the double twice, in 1976–77 and 1995–96. Anderlecht has won one more, in 1964–65, 1971–72 and 1993–94. If the cup winner secures an equivalent or better (Champions League) European ticket through the league, the next available ticket in the league standings will be upgraded. In such a case, all subsequent tickets will also move up by one position.

KV Mechelen won the cup in 2019 as well as becoming champions in the First Division B, winning the small double. It was the second time a team from the second level won the cup and the first time it came with a European ticket. Due to being involved in a fraud scandal, the club wasn't allowed to enter the European competitions for a year. Their European ticket was passed on to Standard Liège based on the standings in the Jupiler Pro League. All the lower tickets were passed on as well. This meant that, of all teams, losing finalists KAA Gent got into the UEFA Europa League at the very last minute.

Venues
The cupfinal is traditionally played in and around the capital. The editions before WWII were played in Jette, Uccle and Forest. The three finals in the 1950s were played in the Heysel Stadium in Brussels. Since the competitions annual return in 1964, this stadium has hosted the final. The only exceptions were between 1985 and 1987 and 1992–1995. During these years, the final was played four times in the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium in Anderlecht, twice in the Olympiastadium in Bruges and once in the Stade Maurice Dufrasne in Liège.

Trophy
The first design was used for the three editions in the 1950s. Since 1964, a second design has been given to the cup winner. The ceremony takes place solely on the pitch and not on the grandstand. The winning team are entitled to keep the trophy for 11 months, until it's returned to the RBFA. This means the trophy is a real challenge cup and has gotten some bumps and scratches along the years. Every player and member of staff of the winning side is awarded a medal. Until the 2022 final, they got a minitature version of the trophy. The referees and losing side receive medals.

The current trophy features a silver loving-cup design. Ribbons in the victors' colors are tied along the ears. There's no real front or rear side, but a Dutch and French side. The Dutch side reads "Beker van België wisseltrofee aangeboden door dagblad Les Sports", the French side "Coupe de Belgique challenge offert par le journal Les Sports". Both statements have the same meaning and translate to "Belgian Cup challenge offered by newspaper Les Sports". Every victor since 1964 and the corresponding year are engraved on the cup as well.

Naming
The first two editions of the Belgian Cup were played with provincial sides. During this time, the competition was called Belgian Provinces Cup (Beker der Belgische Provincies in Dutch, Coupe des Provinces Belges in French). The editions before World War 1 were known as the Kings' Cup (Beker van de Koning in Dutch, Coupe du Roi in French). Every edition of the cup after 1918 was called the Belgian Cup (Beker van België in Dutch, Coupe de Belgique in French).

In the 1995–96 season, a sponsored name was first introduced. Coca-Cola had bought the naming rights for five seasons, and named the competition the Coca-Cola Cup. There was no sponsored name between 2001 and 2007. In January 2008, the Belgian FA announced Cofidis had bought the naming rights for 300,000 euros. Eight editions of the Cofidis Cup would be played. After Club Bruges won their 11th cup in 2015, Croky became the new main sponsor of the tournament. The Belgian cup is called the Croky Cup to date.

Overview
Beginning in July or August, the competition proceeds as a knockout tournament throughout, consisting of eight rounds, a semi-final and then a final. All teams playing at the national level of football (Levels 1 through 5) are expected to participate, together with the top teams from the Belgian Provincial Leagues. The provinces each receive a number of entries depending on their number of inhabitants. To determine which teams from each province can participate, each province can devise their own ruling, but commonly tickets are awarded to the best performing teams in each respective provincial cup tournament of the prior season, with any remaining tickets awarded to the highest finishing teams not already qualified in the highest provincial league. As a result, most teams from the Provincial Leagues participating in the Belgian Cup are playing in the top two provincial divisions, although each season a few teams from the lower divisions succeed in qualifying.

A system of byes ensures clubs above Level 5 enter the competition at later stages. In round 1 only, teams are grouped geographically prior to the draw to reduce travel costs for smaller teams. The clubs active in European football only enter the competition in round 7. Youth teams, active in level 4 to 2, are not allowed to compete. No seeding occurs. In rounds five through seven, in case an amateur team (Level 3 or below) is drawn against a professional team (Level 2 or above), the amateur team will always receive home advantage if their ground meets the regulation specifications. The final is played at the King Baudouin Stadium.

In the first three rounds, fixtures ending in a tie are decided by penalty kicks immediately, extra time is only played from round four onwards and possibly followed by penalty kicks if necessary. The semi-final round is the only round played over two legs; as such, extra time and penalty kicks can only occur in the return match. The away-goal-rule is not applied in the semi-finals.

Schedule
Qualified entrants from the provincial leagues (levels 6 through 9) begin the competition in the first round together with teams from the Belgian Third Amateur Division (level 5). Clubs from higher levels are then added in later rounds, as per the table below. The months in which rounds are played are traditional, with exact dates subject to each year's calendar.

Performance by club

 * italic clubs dissolved or merged

Domestic coverage
The broadcasting rights for the Croky Cup are held by Eleven Sports. Due to the RBFA's obligation that broadcast cup games are free to watch, Eleven doesn't air the matches on their own platforms. DPG Media (on VTM 2) selects and buys games to air on Flemish television and RTL (on Club RTL) does the same for the French Community. DPG Media sells some games to VRT, who broadcast these games on Sporza. The final is always broadcast on VTM 2 in Flanders.

Teams whose games haven't been chosen for broadcasting are allowed to broadcast these games themselves. Regional broadcasters often try to buy the broadcasting rights to games between sides from that region, if DPG Media or RTL didn't select those games.

International coverage
Eleven Sports holds the rights for the First Division A, First Division B, Supercup and Women's Super League as well. This means that the international broadcasters are almost identical for the Belgian Cup.

title: Belgian Cup


text: Category:Grenadian footballers

title: Category:Grenadian footballers


text:
User talk:Croupier~enwiki

Hi, Croupier, welcome to Wikipedia. I hope you like the place and choose to stay... Check out Template:Welcome for some good links to help you get started, if you need to. If you've any more questions you need to ask, don't hesiste to ask me at my talk page, or on the Village pump.

I was also wondering why you moved Roulette to French Roulette, since there doesnt' seem to be much difference according to. Do make use of the Roulette talk page to discuss any moves or changes you wish to make.

Happy editing... Dysprosia 05:10, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Croupier. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Croupier~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:13, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:47, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Croupier~enwiki


text:
Rachel Blanchard

Rachel Elise Blanchard (born 19 March 1976) is a Canadian actress. Her television roles include Nancy in the British sitcom Peep Show, Emma in the American comedy-drama series You Me Her, and Susannah in the American romantic drama series The Summer I Turned Pretty.

Career
Blanchard's career was launched with a part in a McDonald's commercial, and as an eight-year-old on the Canadian children's show The Kids of Degrassi Street, in which she played Melanie Schlegel. She also starred in the television series War of the Worlds as Suzanne McCullough's daughter Debi and in YTV's Are You Afraid of the Dark? as Kristen. Blanchard played the part of Cher Horowitz (originally portrayed by Alicia Silverstone in the film version) in the television series Clueless (based on the 1995 movie of the same name). She played Roxanne on the television series 7th Heaven from 2002 to 2004.

Blanchard had notable turns in fellow Canadian director and auteur Atom Egoyan films, first with Where the Truth Lies (2005), then as protagonist Rachel in his Cannes celebrated Adoration (2008), winner of that year's festival Ecumenical Jury Prize.

Blanchard appeared as Nancy, the American girlfriend of main character Jeremy Usborne (Robert Webb), in the second series of British sitcom Peep Show. She reprised this role in the fourth series (2007). She played Sally on the HBO show Flight of the Conchords and had a recurring role in the first season of the 2014 FX crime series Fargo. From 2016–2020, Blanchard played Emma Trakarsky in comedy-drama You Me Her, about a woman who enters into a polyamorous relationship with her husband and a younger woman.

She won the Gemini Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series at the 26th Gemini Awards for her appearance on Call Me Fitz.

title: Rachel Blanchard


text:
James Edward Allen Gibbs

James Edward Allen Gibbs (1829–1902) was a farmer, inventor, and businessman from Rockbridge County in the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia. On June 2, 1857, he was awarded a patent for the first twisted chain-stitch single-thread sewing machine using a rotating hook. In partnership with James Willcox, Gibbs became a principal in the Willcox & Gibbs Sewing Machine Company. The Willcox & Gibbs Sewing Machine Company started in 1857 by James E. A. Gibbs and James Willcox opened its London Office in 1859 at 135 Regent Street. By around 1871 the European offices were at 150 Cheapside, London and later 20 Fore Street, London. The company hired John Emory Powers for marketing its product. Powers pioneered the use of many new marketing techniques, including full-page ads in the form of a story or play, free trial uses of a product and installment purchasing plan. The marketing campaign created a demand for sewing machines in the Great Britain that Willcox and Gibbs could not meet. The machine's circular design was so popular that it was produced well into the early 20th century, long after most machines were of the more conventional design. The machines shown employ the Gibbs rotary twisted chain stitch mechanism which was less prone to coming undone.

Following his successful invention, he named his family's farm "Raphine." The name originated from an old Greek word "raphis" which means "to sew." The community of Raphine, Virginia, was named in his honor.

title: James Edward Allen Gibbs


text:
User talk:Whysperseed

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 14:31, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Whysperseed


text:
Room for Abuse

Room for Abuse is the second full-length album by the Tewkesbury ska punk band Spunge. It was released on 9 October 2000 on Sucka-Punch Records, and recorded at DEP International Studios, Birmingham (the studio owned by UB40).

Two singles were released from the album, "Ego" and "Live Another Day" (which was a double A-side with a new version of "Kicking Pigeons" from their Pedigree Chump album). "No Woman No Cry" is a cover of the famous Bob Marley song, to which the Marley family officially gave Spunge permission to change the lyrics. "Santeria" is a cover of the Sublime song.

Track listing

 * 1) "Live Another Day" – 4:04
 * 2) "Get Along" – 2:31
 * 3) "Break Up" – 3:44
 * 4) "No Woman No Cry" – 4:25
 * 5) "All Gone Wrong" – 3:30
 * 6) "Dubstyle" – 4:18
 * 7) "Wake Up Call" – 2:58
 * 8) "Disco Kid" – 4:08
 * 9) "All She Ever Wants" – 5:26
 * 10) "Ego" – 3:04
 * 11) "Second Rate" – 3:12
 * 12) "Nothing to Hide" – 4:02
 * 13) "Go Away" – 3:18
 * 14) "Rockabilly" – 3:23
 * 15) "Santeria" – 3:47
 * 16) "Room for Abuse" – 5:07

title: Room for Abuse


text: User talk:216.77.96.34

title: User talk:216.77.96.34


text:
Wikipedia talk:English phonetic spelling

I think this is a bad idea. The last thing we need is yet another standardised phonetic spelling scheme. Any phonetic spelling scheme for English will require readers unfamiliar with the scheme to consult a key, in which case we might as well use IPA, which is already in use in many Wikipedia articles (and will no doubt increase now that problems of rendering IPA symbols in common browsers have been overcome). In cases where a full IPA transcription might seem excessive it may often be sufficient to say just "stress on the second syllable", or "rhymes with ...".

Also the particular representation chosen is deeply flawed. The idea that cot and caught sound the same, or that either of them should be represented by an a would seem bizarre to British readers or I expect to most non-US readers. rossb 14:34, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I also do not recommend this proposal. If a non-IPA transcription is preferred why not use, one of the systems found in a common dictionary? - Ish ishwar 15:24, 2005 Mar 12 (UTC)

 * Having had a look at some dictionaries on sale in my local bookshop, they now all seem to use IPA. This was in London, not sure whether it would hold in the USA. rossb 18:03, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Good, but not quite good enough. As a Hoosier, I don't like the idea of merging cot and caught or put and putt; those are distinct to my ear and would represent a mispronunciation. I'm open to the idea, tho. I'm not happy with IPA, since few people (including me) really understand it, and it doesn't display well in many popular browsers. --Tysto 16:37, 2005 Jun 1 (UTC)

---

This is a funny guide to a nonprofessional and a non-native speaker as I am:

in "A" series: if "au" is the diphthong why is the "ei" not a diphtohong (treated as a 2 phonem sound); why is "ei" under "A" series if it sounds more like short "E" (as in word "pet" :-) );

in "E" series: "ie" in "feed"?! I always thought it is pure long "ee" sound, no two phonem sound (long ee and then short i ??);

in "I" series: the grouping sounds odd to have vowel y in together, maybe you should call it "I/Y" series.

Jacek K. (nanotech.republika.pl)

Bad, bad, bad!
I strongly object to the system. It's complete unnecessary, American-centric, and hard to interpret. It strikes me as some speaker trying to prove that their accent is the basic one, and everyone else's can be derived from theirs.

Why should "a" be used to represent both 'caught' and 'cot', when that merger is almost completely rule-based (the exeption being four words like sorry, sorrow), but the broad a not marked, when it not completely rule based (i.e. no-one who has a different vowel in "bat" and "pass" rhymes "pass" and "mass"; there is no rule, and the only way you know to pronounce "pass" with a long vowel is because you learnt the word from pronunciation). Also, why should "a" be used to represent the vowel marked in the orthography as an O (as in "cot"), and which is definitely a species of O for a significant number of speakers? (FWIW, it's also not very nice to describe broad-a as a British phenomenon. Broad-A is used in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and parts of New England in America; a very similar phenomenon known as A-tensing is also found New York City and Philadelphia (Philly A-tensing is the merger of broad-a and the unpredictable bad-lad split and therefore it is also unpredictable; NYC a-tensing is a generalisation of the Philly system but it is still unpredictable).)

Similarly, it's simply not true to say that you can always divine a non-rhotic pronunciation from a rhotic one (I'll grant this is a common misconception). Rhotic speakers have the same ending in "idea" as in "wikipedia". Non-rhotic speakers don't ( vs ). Non-rhotic speakers also use this r-ish vowel in "theatre". Hence, at least one extra vowel, an equivalent of, is needed, with rhotic speakers merging the in  as  but others as disyllabic ; and non-rhotic speakers merging  as.

Other speakers have noted the problem of not incorporating the foot-strut split. This system rhymes them, but many people don't. Also, some people merge boot and foot, but keep foot and strut separate.

If the IPA is deemed to be inappropriate, then the only possible solution is to use a simple regularisation of the orthography and note where different regions diverge. So, for instance, we can fairly say that 'Worster' is pronounced 'Wooster'-with-a-short-oo.

—Felix the Cassowary ( ɑe hɪː jɐ ) 05:51, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I completely agree that this system is US-centric and poorly designed. The designer seems to be unaware of the extent to which dialects differ phonologically from the one it is based on.  We should stick with IPA, trying to give links to descriptions of the transcriptions used where appropriate.

 * Some specific comments further to yours:

 * On the broad A, it's also true that something like 40-50% (my guess, based on the geography and personal experience) of BrE speakers don't have it in pass etc. (and we don't even generally call it the "broad A"). The scheme doesn't even seem to recognise that outside the US (and even in some places within it) the vowel of father is different from those of both cot and caught: there is no mention of this in the section on the "A series", and the "broad A" transcriptions of path and dance use the same /a/ symbol as for cot etc.
 * Some rhotic speakers (like me, to the extent to which I'm rhotic) do have in idea and theatre (and quite a few more, too).  This, of course, only strengthens your argument.
 * I actually get the impression that this system isn't meant to merge foot and strut; the intention was to use the /9/ symbol for strut and /u/ for foot, and button was either wrongly transcribed or has an unexpected vowel in the designer's dialect. However, merging strut with schwa is wrong for me and I suspect for many others too.  I have a stressed schwa in Ms /məz/ contrasting with the strut vowel in buzz.
 * The identification of the vowels of low and force may make sense for some dialects (it almost makes sense for mine, though I don't know how this system would deal with the way I pronounce gorse, which doesn't rhyme with force) but that's hardly true for everybody.

--JHJ 17:42, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

hwat a streinzh artikl
I think this is well-intentioned, but it's certainly not POV neutral.

The author is correct in that many dialects of English have a ridiculously large number of supposedly different vowels. "Caught" and "cot" are not words that would ever be mistaken for one another in a sentence. G.A.E. has abandoned the "aw" sound because it's not useful. In California people pronounce the vowels in "dude" and "food" differently (/dy:d/ and /fu:d/, more or less), but we don't expect that kind of local quirk to be reflected in worldwide teaching materials.

The "international language" was FRENCH until World War II. English is the new standard because of American influence. Why people around the world are learning British English instead is certainly confusing.

 * This represents a project that was only sporadically used, and has been pretty much abandoned. More than a year ago, there was a kerfluffle about how best to convey the pronunciation of foreign or unfamiliar words.  This was a bigger deal then than now, because the software then could not reliably convey IPA transcriptions.  Some favoured IPA, which still requires some training to read; others a hideous ASCII version called SAMPA, now all but abandoned; while others favoured pseudo-phonetic prah-nun-see-YAY-shun spellings.  I started this as an alternative proposal.

 * I deliberately chose a lowest-common-denominator version of General American in this. This was done to avoid the misleading nature of guides that assume familiarity with the obscure A sounds of British English, and assume non-rhotic pronunciations — these were two areas that contain pitfalls.  Telling people to pronounce Goethe like Gertie is seriously misleading for speakers of the majority native dialect of English; and if you distinguish short O from AW, the distinction may not carry for those who did not.  Speakers of insular dialects seem uncomfortably aware that their remote archipelago is no longer the centre of gravity of the English language, and as such this article has been subjected to several attempts to Briticize it.

 * The chief motivation for this article --- the inability of the software to reliably carry IPA information --- has been obsoleted by technical developments. IPA is also equal to the task of conveying the obscure A sounds of British English without ambiguity.  As such, this proposal has mostly historical interest now.  -- Smerdis of Tlön 15:32, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

If that's the case, could we VfD it? —Felix the Cassowary ( ɑe hɪː jɐ ) 23:12, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

 * The only reason I could see to keep this is that the discussion might be useful if the subject ever returns again. Smerdis of Tlön 05:56, 17 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Hm, okay. I'll redirect it then to Manual of Style (pronunciation). That way everything's still around if it's useful in the future, but people will stop coming by this and saying "What a horrible proposal! No, this cannot be!". —Felix the Cassowary ( ɑe hɪː jɐ ) 08:05, 17 November 2005 (UTC)


text:
Hartland, Michigan

Hartland is a census-designated place (CDP) comprising the main community in Hartland Township, in Livingston County, Michigan, United States. US Highway 23 forms the western edge of the community; the highway leads north 27 mi to Flint and south the same distance to Ann Arbor.

Hartland was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

title: Hartland, Michigan