text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Ano 1

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 22:12, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Ano 1
Just like Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Ano 2. jni 13:35, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. — Ливай | ☺ 16:54, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, duplicate content. Wyss 19:31, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, it's not duplicate content. The three articles describe the episodes from each of three years of production. — Ливай | ☺ 20:44, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, fancruft, article as it stands is un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 01:04, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Ano 3

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 22:13, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Ano 3
Just like Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Ano 2. jni 13:35, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. — Ливай | ☺ 16:57, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, duplicate content. Wyss 19:30, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, fancruft, article as it stands is un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 01:04, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Dritëro Agolli

Dritëro Agolli (13 October 1931 – 3 February 2017) was an Albanian poet, writer and politician. He studied in Leningrad in the Soviet Union, and wrote primarily poetry, but also short stories, essays, plays, and novels. He was head of the League of Writers and Artists of Albania from 1973 until 1992. He was a leading figure in the Albanian Communist nomenklatura.

Biography
Agolli was born to an Albanian, Bektashi family in Menkulas in the Devoll District. He and his family spoke Albanian in the Tosk dialect. He finished high school in Gjirokastër in 1952. He later studied at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Leningrad and took up journalism upon his return to Albania, working for the daily newspaper Zëri i Popullit (The People’s Voice) for 15 years. Agolli was also a deputy in the Albanian Parliament.

Beginnings as a poet
Agolli first was a poet. His early verse collections were I went out on the street (Në rrugë dolla, Tirana 1958), My steps on the pavement (Hapat e mija në asfalt, Tirana 1961), and Mountain paths and sidewalks (Shtigje malesh dhe trotuare, Tirana 1965).

Prose attempts
As a prose writer, Agolli first wrote the novel Commissar Memo (Komisari Memo, Tirana 1970), translated in English as The bronze bust, Tirana 1975. Agolli's second novel, The man with the cannon (Njeriu me top, Tirana 1975) translated into English in 1983, takes up the partisan theme from a different angle.

After these two novels of partisan heroism, Agolli produced his satirical Splendour and fall of comrade Zylo (Shkëlqimi dhe rënja e shokut Zylo, Tirana 1973). Comrade Zylo is a well-meaning but incompetent apparatchik, a director of an obscure government cultural affairs department. His pathetic vanity, his quixotic fervour, his grotesque public behaviour, his splendour and fall, are all recorded in ironic detail by his hard-working and more astute subordinate and friend Demkë who serves as a neutral observer. Comrade Zylo is a universal figure, to be found in any society or age, and critics have been quick to draw parallels ranging from Daniel Defoe and Nikolay Gogol’s Revizor to Franz Kafka and Milan Kundera's Zert. Splendour and fall of comrade Zylo first appeared in 1972 in the Tirana satirical journal Hosteni (The goad) and was published the following year in monograph form.

Albanian League of Writers and Artists
Agolli was head of the Albanian League of Writers and Artists from 1973 until 1992. He was a leading figure in the Albanian Communist nomenklatura.

From the 1960s until the Communist regime collapsed in the early 1990s, the League accused Albanian writers it deemed guilty of neglecting their responsibility as Communists to reflect the literary style of Socialist Realism in their writings and thereby advance the goals of the Communist Party; some writers were arrested, and either imprisoned for many years or shot, and others were hounded by the state secret police and suffered attacks. Kasem Trebeshina was imprisoned, Pjetër Arbnori (also called Albanian Mandela) was re-convicted in prison for his literary anti-communist work and imprisoned from ages 26 to 54, Bilal Xhaferri was expelled, exiled in communist gulags, and forced to flee to the U.S., Vilson Blloshmi was shot, and many others who were persecuted in many ways. Some survived, such as the poet Xhevahir Spahiu and the writer Ismail Kadare, who ultimately defected to France to escape the regime and its Sigurimi secret police, and thereafter won the Prix mondial Cino Del Duca, the Herder Prize, the Man Booker International Prize, the Prince of Asturias Award, the Jerusalem Prize, the Park Kyong-ni Prize, and the Neustadt International Prize for Literature.

The 1990s
In the early 1990s, he was a member of Parliament for the Socialist Party of Albania. He also founded the Dritëro Publishing Company and published new prose and poetry.

Agolli wrote throughout the 1990s. He has verse collections: The time beggar (Lypësi i kohës, Tirana 1995), The spirit of our forefathers (Shpirti i gjyshërve, Tirana 1996), The strange man approaches (Vjen njeriu i çuditshëm, Tirana 1996), Ballad for my father and myself (Baladë për tim atë dhe për vete, Tirana 1997), Midnight notebook (Fletorka e mesnatës, Tirana 1998), and The distant bell (Kambana e largët, Tirana 1998). Among volumes of prose are: the short story collection Insane people (Njerëz të krisur, Tirana 1995); The naked horseman (Kalorësi lakuriq, Tirana 1996), and The devil's box (Arka e djallit, Tirana 1997).

Agolli, who was a heavy smoker all his adult life, died from pulmonary disease on 3 February 2017 in Tirana at the age of 85.

Legacy
Though Agolli was a leading figure in the Albanian Communist nomenklatura, he is still widely read in Albania.

title: Dritëro Agolli


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Socialist Review

The Socialist Review was a monthly magazine of the British Socialist Workers Party. As well as being printed it was also published online.

Original publication: 1950–1962
The Socialist Review was set up in 1950 as the main publication of the Socialist Review Group (SRG). It began as a duplicated magazine, the parent group only being able to afford to have it printed from 1954 onwards. In its last years it lost its central importance to the SRG due to the launch in 1960 of a new journal International Socialism and in 1961 a newspaper, Industrial Worker that then became Labour Worker and subsequently the weekly Socialist Worker. Socialist Review was discontinued in 1962 – the year in which the SRG became the International Socialists.

Monthly magazine: 1978–2005
In 1978 the title Socialist Review was launched by the Socialist Workers Party, as the IS had become known. The monthly magazine was renamed Socialist Worker Review in the 1990s later reverting to the better known title and has remained the monthly magazine of the SWP.

In 2003, the selling of the SWP's in-house printing press, for which they give the reason that it was outdated technology that was too expensive to replace, forced them to find new printers for the magazine; Warners Midlands plc. This opened up the opportunity of full colour throughout and of a more professional appearance generally. This has helped to further the push for wider readership particularly outside the ranks of the SWP. The final issue in this format, number 302, was published in December 2005.

Editors
The final editor of SR in this format was Chris Nineham. The magazine was edited by Lindsey German, who is convener of the Stop the War Coalition, till May 2004 and from June 2004 to October, 2005 by Peter Morgan.

Supplement to Socialist Worker: 2006–2007
At the SWP conference in January 2006, a plan was put forward to radically change the format of Socialist Review, turning it into a monthly supplement for Socialist Worker, though retaining the cover price so it could continue to be sold separately. The stated reason for the change was: "The new magazine would draw upon the strengths of both Socialist Worker and Socialist Review and will use the better sale and distribution of the paper to reach a wider audience." The first issue in this format appeared in February 2006.

Monthly magazine: 2007–2020
Socialist Review reverted to being a separate magazine in May 2007, edited first by Judith Orr, and now Sally Campbell. Regular writers include Mark Serwotka, Billy Hayes and Lindsey German. Since the relaunch it has carried interviews with figures such as Naomi Klein, George Galloway, Tony Benn, Tom Morello and Howard Zinn, and features by Francis Beckett and István Mészáros.

title: Socialist Review


text:
Kona Bicycle Company

Kona Bikes is a bicycle company based in the Pacific Northwest. The company was founded in 1988 by Dan Gerhard, Jacob Heilbron and Jimbo Holmstrom in Vancouver, BC. Their world headquarters are in Ferndale, Washington, with Canadian distribution offices in Vancouver, and European distribution offices in Monaco.

Gerhard and Heilbron worked initially with Mountain Bike Hall of Fame rider Joe Murray to create a range of custom steel hardtails. Kona was the first brand to produce a complete range of sloping top tube design mountain bike frames. Paul Brodie collaborated with the TBG and was likely instrumental in implementing the sloping top tube design from previous work with Rocky Mountain and with his own company. The Canadian headquarters are located near the famous North Shore Mountains of Vancouver, leading Kona to develop a range of Freeride mountain bikes in 1998 known for durability as well as for their ability to handle extremely technical downhill terrain. In the 1990s, provocative names were used on Kona bikes and components like Humuhumunukunukuapua'a, Sutra, Sex One, Sex Too, Stinky, Jackshit, while there are rumors about one of their early logos being inspired by an anus, aiming to be placed as an "alternative" bicycle company or as the "smallest biggest company in the world".

Kona has gone on to develop a complete range of road, commuter, cyclo-cross in addition to a complete range of mountain bikes. Using a range of materials including carbon fiber, titanium, aluminum and steel, Kona's bikes are sold in over 60 countries worldwide.

On January 19, 2022, the founders announced the sale of the company to diversified outdoor equipment maker Kent Outdoors. On April 19, 2024, Kent Outdoors began winding down operations with plans to sell the brand.

On May 20, 2024, Dan and Jake announced that they had re-purchased the brand from Kent Outdoors with plans to re-launch it.

Kona Factory Team
Kona has a long-standing tradition in the support of bicycle racing, beginning with their first product designer Joe Murray who was also a two-time US National mountain bike champion. Many elite riders have been part of the Kona Team including 2012 Giro D'Italia winner Ryder Hesjedal (CAN),Two time World Champion cross country mountain biker 2001,2002 Roland Green (Can), World Downhill Champions Steve Peat (UK) and Greg Minnaar (RSA), 2004/2005 World Downhill Champion Fabien Barel (FR), World Cup Downhill Champion Tracy Moseley (UK), and US National Mountain Bike and Cyclo-Cross champions Ryan Trebon and Anne Knapp. Over 200 National and World Champions have been won by Kona riders. The current Kona Factory team competes in National and International events and includes riders from Canada, the UK, Australia, France and the US.

Cory Wallace
After finishing 4th in the World Solo 24HR Championships in 2015, and 2nd in 2016, Kona Factory Team rider Cory Wallace won the event 3 consecutive years, from 2017 to 2019. Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, the event was unable to proceed in 2020 and 2021, however in 2022 Wallace once again defended his world title. Wallace won all four championships while riding a Kona Hei Hei CRDL.

Advocacy
Kona has been an International Mountain Biking Association corporate supporter since 1994, and has developed fundraising projects including the Kona Buck-A-Bike program, the Kona Bro Deal program, the Interbike bowling tourney and Kona/IMBA Freeriding grants.

The Kona/IMBA bowling party, held at Interbike from 1998 until 2007, raised money for NEMBA, a New England IMBA-related advocacy group. Its purpose was to help purchase a large area for mountain biking by funding the KONA/IMBA freeride grants. The Kona/IMBA Freeride grants helped clubs throughout the US and Canada including:Rapid City, South Dakota; Grand Junction, Colorado; Hood River, Oregon; Coquitlam, British Columbia; St. Charles, Missouri; Surrey, British Columbia; Anderson, Indiana, and East Burke, Vermont. The grants helped build freeride features on trails, as well as building dirt jump parks in parks.

For 2008, Kona sponsored the IMBA Epic Rides program, helping fund four new rides throughout the United States and Canada. The trails set aside as Epic rides for 2008 were the Mid Mountain Epic in Park City, Utah; Comfortably Numb in Whistler, British Columbia; the trails sponsored by PAMBA outside of Peoria, Illinois, and the Loon Lake Epic in Tamarack, Idaho.

Kona Africabike
In 2006, Kona began its largest advocacy effort to date - BikeTown Africa. The Kona Africabike was a bike built in partnership with Bristol-Myers Squibb and Bicycling Magazine. The Kona Africabike was designed specifically to assist health care workers treating HIV and AIDS patients with the delivery of home health aids and other services in African Cities, starting with Bobonong, Botswana and Gaborone, Botswana. More recent projects have included Delft and Stellenbosch.

For 2008, Kona pledged to donate 1,000 Africabikes for the project and due to the overwhelming customer support of this project, Kona set up a non-profit/humanitarian organization from their European HQ in Geneva, Switzerland called Kona Basic Needs. This organisation's aim is to continue to raise more funds and awareness of the Kona Africabike program and to continue the donation of these bikes. .

title: Kona Bicycle Company


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El-Obeid

El-Obeid (الأبيض, al-ʾAbyaḍ, lit. "the White"), also romanized as Al-Ubayyid, is the capital of the state of North Kurdufan, in Sudan.

History and overview
El-Obeid was founded by the pashas of Ottoman Egypt in 1821. It was attacked by the Mahdists in September 1882, and, after capitulation, was subsequently destroyed in 1883. It was then rebuilt on a modern plan in 1898, following the fall of the Mahdist empire.

In 2008, its population was 340,940. It is an important transportation hub: the terminus of a rail line, the junction of various national roads and camel caravan routes, and the end of a pilgrim route from Nigeria. As regional commercial centre, it is known for products such as gum arabic, millet, oilseeds, and livestock.

The population of El-Obeid today is majority Muslim, with a small Christian presence. The town is the site of an airport and an oil refinery. El-Obeid is home to the University of Kordofan, one of the largest universities in Sudan, established in 1990. Since 1989, the city also has been home to a French Association (Alliance française) that serves as a Sudanese-French cultural centre in cooperation with the university's French language department.

The United Nations Mission in Sudan established its Logistics Base there.

Due to the repair and paving of asphalt roads and the emergence of several private bus companies, transport became easier between the town and the Sudanese capital Khartoum. The 500 km journey takes about nine hours by tourist coach, and another three hours from El-Obeid to Um Kadada in Darfur.

During the 2023 Sudan conflict, the city has been under siege. In early September, the Sudanese Army have recaptured the city. Tensions remain high at the grand market

Climate
El-Obeid has a hot semi-desert climate (Köppen: BSh), bordering upon a hot desert climate (BWh), despite receiving over 400 mm of rain, owing to the extremely high potential evapotranspiration. Temperatures are coolest in December and January and are hottest from April to June. A wet season lasts from June to September with moderate rainfall and relatively high humidity. The period from November to April is almost completely dry, with very low humidity.

Sports
As of 2015, the Sudanese Premier League team Al-Hilal SC (Al-Ubayyid) plays in El-Obeid.

Religion
The town is predominantly Muslim. However, it is also the seat of a Roman Catholic Diocese, which is the only other one in Sudan next to Khartoum since the partition in 2011, and of an Anglican Bishopric.

The Catholic Cathedral of Our Lady Queen of Africa in El-Obeid is considered to be one of the largest and oldest churches in Sudan. It was founded in 1872 by Daniele Comboni, an Italian Roman Catholic bishop, who worked for the Catholic missions in Sudan between 1858 and his death in Khartoum in 1881. The present building was constructed between 1961 and 1964 in Italian style.

title: El-Obeid


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mantis (comics)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 02:28, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Mantis (comics)
This page serves no real function, linking only to two not yet begun articles, and having only one incoming link. I have moved these links to the more general disambig page that already exists for Mantis. Lokicarbis 13:41, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete agreed, Mantis is much better. I added some stuff to it, by the way. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  15:30, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unhelpful. Wyss 19:28, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

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text:
Canarium

Canarium is a genus of about 120 species of tropical and subtropical trees, in the family Burseraceae. They grow naturally across tropical Africa, south and southeast Asia, Indochina, Malesia, Australia and western Pacific Islands; including from southern Nigeria east to Madagascar, Mauritius, Sri Lanka and India; from Burma, Malaysia and Thailand through the Malay Peninsula and Vietnam to south China, Taiwan and the Philippines; through Borneo, Indonesia, Timor and New Guinea, through to the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and Palau.

Canarium species grow up to large evergreen trees of 40 – tall, and have alternately arranged, pinnate leaves. They are dioecious, with male and female flowers growing on separate trees.

Common names
The trees and their edible nuts have a large number of common names in their range. These include Pacific almond, canarium nut, pili nut, Java almond, Kenari nut, galip nut, nangai, and ngali.

Species
As of January 2024, Plants of the World Online accepts 121 species. The brief species distribution information was sourced from Flora Malesiana, the Flora of China (series), the Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants information system, and Plants of the World Online.

 * Canarium acutifolium – New Guinea, Maluku, Sulawesi, New Britain, New Ireland, Bougainville, Qld Australia
 * Canarium album Chinese white olive (橄欖) – Taiwan, S China, Vietnam
 * Canarium ampasindavae – Madagascar
 * Canarium apertum – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo
 * Canarium arcuatum – Madagascar
 * Canarium asperum – New Guinea, Maluku, Sulawesi, Philippines, Borneo, Java, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Timor, Solomon Is.,
 * Canarium australasicum – Qld, NSW, Australia endemic
 * Canarium australianum – New Guinea, Qld, NT, WA, Australia
 * Canarium balansae – New Caledonia endemic
 * Canarium balsamiferum – Maluku, Sulawesi
 * Canarium batjanense – Maluku
 * Canarium bengalense – India, Burma, Laos, Thailand, S China
 * Canarium betamponae – Madagascar
 * Canarium boivinii – northeastern Madagascar
 * Canarium bullatum – northern and northeastern Madagascar
 * Canarium caudatum – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo
 * Canarium cestracion – E New Guinea
 * Canarium chinare – Solomon Is., Admiralty Is.
 * Canarium cinereum – Vietnam
 * Canarium compressum – Madagascar
 * Canarium copaliferum – Vietnam
 * Canarium decumanum – E Borneo, Maluku, New Guinea, Sulawesi
 * Canarium denticulatum – Andaman Is., Burma, Sumatra, Malay Penin., Java, Borneo, Philippines
 * Canarium dichotomum – Sumatra, Borneo
 * Canarium divergens – Borneo
 * Canarium egregium – Madagascar
 * Canarium elegans — Madagascar
 * Canarium engleri – Vietnam
 * Canarium euphyllum – Andaman Is.
 * Canarium euryphyllum – Philippines
 * Canarium ferrugineum – Madagascar
 * Canarium findens – Madagascar
 * Canarium fugax – Madagascar
 * Canarium fuscocalycinum – Borneo
 * Canarium galokense – Madagascar
 * Canarium globosum – Madagascar
 * Canarium gracile – Philippines
 * Canarium grandifolium – Malay Peninsula
 * Canarium harveyi – Fiji, Niue, Santa Cruz Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna
 * Canarium hirsutum – New Guinea to throughout Malesia, Solomon Is., Palau
 * Canarium indicum – New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland, Solomon Is., Vanuatu, Maluku, Sulawesi
 * Canarium indistinctum – Madagascar
 * Canarium intermedium – S Sumatra
 * Canarium kaniense – New Guinea
 * Canarium karoense – N Sumatra
 * Canarium kerrii – Thailand
 * Canarium kinabaluense – N Borneo
 * Canarium kipella – W Java
 * Canarium kostermansii – Borneo
 * Canarium lamianum – Madagascar
 * Canarium lamii – New Guinea
 * Canarium latistipulatum – Borneo
 * Canarium liguliferum – Solomon Islands (Rob Roy Island)
 * Canarium littorale – Indo-China, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Java, Borneo
 * Canarium lobocarpum – Madagascar
 * Canarium longistipulatum – Madagascar
 * Canarium luzonicum – Philippines
 * Canarium lyi – Vietnam
 * Canarium macadamii – New Guinea
 * Canarium madagascariense – Madagascar (Nosy Bé)
 * Canarium maluense – Sulawesi, Maluku, New Guinea, Borneo
 * Canarium manii – Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Myanmar
 * Canarium manongarivum – Madagascar
 * Canarium megacarpum – New Guinea
 * Canarium megalanthum – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo
 * Canarium merrillii – Borneo
 * Canarium muelleri – Queensland endemic, Australia
 * Canarium multiflorum – Madagascar
 * Canarium multinerve – Madagascar
 * Canarium nitidifolium – Madagascar
 * Canarium obovatum – Madagascar
 * Canarium obtusifolium – eastern Madagascar
 * Canarium odontophyllum – Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines (Palawan)
 * Canarium oleiferum – New Caledonia endemic
 * Canarium oleosum – New Guinea, New Britain, Timor, Maluku, Sulawesi
 * Canarium ovatum – Philippines, cultivated Asia–Pacific
 * Canarium pallidum – Madagascar
 * Canarium paniculatum – Mauritius
 * Canarium parvum – S China, Vietnam
 * Canarium patentinervium – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Banka, Borneo
 * Canarium perlisanum – Malay Peninsula (Perlis)
 * Canarium pilicarpum – northern and east-northeastern Madagascar
 * Canarium pilososylvestre – W New Guinea
 * Canarium pilosum – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo
 * subsp. borneensis – Borneo
 * Canarium pimela Chinese black olive (乌榄) – Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, S China
 * Canarium planifolium – Madagascar
 * Canarium polyphyllum – New Guinea
 * Canarium pseudodecumanum – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo
 * Canarium pseudopatentinervium – S Sumatra, Banka, Borneo
 * Canarium pseudopimela – Borneo (Sarawak)
 * Canarium pseudosumatranum – Malay Peninsula
 * Canarium pulchrebracteatum – eastern Madagascar
 * Canarium reniforme – Peninsular Malaysia
 * Canarium resiniferum – Assam and Bangladesh
 * Canarium rigidum – New Guinea
 * Canarium rotundifolium – Cambodia and Vietnam
 * Canarium salomonense – New Guinea and Solomon Islands
 * Canarium sarawakanum – Borneo (Sarawak)
 * Canarium schweinfurthii – African canarium; from Nigeria and Angola to Uganda
 * Canarium sikkimense – Sikkim
 * Canarium strictum – India, Burma, S China
 * Canarium subsidarium – Madagascar
 * Canarium subtile – Madagascar
 * Canarium subulatum – Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, S China
 * Canarium sumatranum – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula
 * Canarium sylvestre – New Guinea, Maluku
 * Canarium thorelianum – Cambodia and Vietnam
 * Canarium trifoliolatum – New Caledonia endemic
 * Canarium trigonum – Sulawesi
 * Canarium vanikoroense – Fiji, Santa Cruz Islands, Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna
 * Canarium velutinifolium – Madagascar
 * Canarium venosum – Thailand
 * Canarium vitiense – Fiji, Solomon Is., Samoa, Tonga, New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., Admiralty Is., Louisiade Arch., Torres Strait I's, Qld Australia
 * Canarium vittatistipulatum – Vietnam
 * Canarium vrieseanum – Philippines, Sulawesi
 * Canarium vulgare – Flores, Timor, Sulawesi, Maluku
 * Canarium whitei – New Caledonia endemic
 * Canarium zeylanicum – Sri Lanka

Uses and ecology
Several species have edible nuts, known as galip nut or nangae (C. indicum), pili nut (C. ovatum), or simply canarium nut (C. harveyi and C. indicum). C. indicum are among the most important nut-bearing trees in eastern Indonesia and the Southwest Pacific. C. ovatum is cultivated as a food crop only in the Philippines.

C. odontophyllum, known commonly as dabai or kembayau, is a species with a nutritious fruit with a creamy taste. It is hard when raw and may be pickled or softened with hot water when prepared. Many animals feed on the fruit in the wild, such as the red-bellied lemur (Eulemur rubriventer) and the ruffed lemurs (Varecia) of Madagascar's eastern tropical forests. Canarium fruit is also an important part of the diet of the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascarensis).

Canarium album produces a fruit consumed in Vietnam, Thailand (where it is known as nam liap (หนำเลี้ยบ), samo chin (สมอจีน) or kana (กาน้า)) and in China (Chinese: 橄欖) with an appearance of a big olive.

Canarium luzonicum, commonly known as elemi, is a tree native to the Philippines. An oleoresin, which contains Elemicin, is harvested from it.

Canarium strictum produces a resin called black dammar.

Superb fruit-doves (Ptilinopus superbus) are known to be fond of the fruit of scrub turpentine (C. australianum), which they swallow whole.

title: Canarium


text:
Peter King (sportswriter)

Peter Andrew King (born June 10, 1957) is an American sportswriter. He wrote for Sports Illustrated from 1989 to 2018, including the weekly multiple-page column Monday Morning Quarterback. He is the author of five books, including Inside the Helmet. He has been named National Sportswriter of the Year three times.

Before coming to Sports Illustrated, King was a writer for The Cincinnati Enquirer from 1980 to 1985 and Newsday from 1985 to 1989.

Since 1992 King has been a member of the Board of Selectors for the Pro Football Hall of Fame. In 2006, he joined Football Night in America, NBC Sports' Sunday night NFL studio show.

In May 2018, King announced that he would be ending his 29-year tenure at Sports Illustrated to work for NBC Sports full-time. He continues to publish his long-read column, now titled Football Morning in America and appearing on ProFootballTalk.

In February 2024, King announced his retirement.

Television
King joined the HBO show Inside the NFL in 2002 as a managing editor and reporter. With the return of NFL programming to NBC for the 2006 season, NBC started a studio show called Football Night in America, set between the end of the Sunday afternoon games, and the primetime Sunday Night Football. King joined the lineup of Bob Costas, Cris Collinsworth, Sterling Sharpe and Jerome Bettis, serving as a special "insider" reporter and analyst for the show, highlighting major topics from that day.

Radio
From the 2008 offseason until the fall of 2011, King co-hosted The Opening Drive on Sirius NFL Radio with Randy Cross and Bob Papa. He has been a regular contributor to Chris Russo's Sirius XM show, Mad Dog Unleashed, since 2008. King is also a frequent guest on The Dan Patrick Show and ESPN's Golic and Wingo.

Once a week during football season, he joins the Musers on Dallas's KTCK-AM/KTCK-FM for a segment. King is also an often used place holder for important and often vital Ticket audio segments as evidenced by the frequent cue given by Ticket Host Junior Miller of “Mark and play for Peter King”.

Other work
In 2005 the governor of New Jersey appointed King to a fact-finding task force in an attempt to end steroid and human growth hormone use in high-school athletics.

King is the author of five books on football: Inside the Helmet (1993), Football: A History of the Professional Game (1993), Football (1997), Greatest Quarterbacks (1999) and Sports Illustrated Monday Morning Quarterback: A fully caffeinated guide to everything you need to know about the NFL (2009).

In 2009, he was awarded the Dick McCann Memorial Award for his work in professional football.

Personal life
King graduated from Enfield High School in Enfield, Connecticut in 1975. He was a three sports star at Enfield playing soccer, basketball and baseball. He then got his degree from Ohio University's E. W. Scripps School of Journalism. He lives in Brooklyn, NY with his wife Ann, who is a native of the Pittsburgh area. They have two daughters, Laura and Mary Beth.

In 1997 King was inducted into the Enfield Athletic Hall of Fame.

title: Peter King (sportswriter)


text:
Moon magic

Moon magic is associated with the Moon. There is a belief common to many cultures that working rituals at the time of different phases of the moon can bring about physical or psychological change or transformation. These rituals have historically occurred on or around the full moon and to a lesser extent the new moon. Such practices are common amongst adherents of neopagan and witchcraft systems such as Wicca. Witches in Greek and Roman literature, particularly those from Thessaly, were regularly accused of "drawing down the Moon" by use of a magic spell. The trick serves to demonstrate their powers (Virgil Eclogues 8.69), to perform a love spell (Suetonius Tiberius 1.8.21) or to extract a magical juice from the Moon (Apuleius Metamorphoses 1.3.1). These beliefs would seem to be consistent with many other cultures traditions, for instance; casting of the spell is often done during the full moon's apex.

Books
Moon Magic is the title of a number of neopagan books:
 * Fortune, Dion (1979) Moon Magic. Boston: Weiser Books. ISBN 0-87728-423-7. A novel by esoteric author Dion Fortune which is a sequel to The Sea Priestess.
 * Jaffer, Hassan (2005) Moon Magic. Willowdale: Astrograph Inc. An annually published astrological self-help guide by astrologer Hassan Jaffer, using lunar cycles.
 * Reid, Lori (1998) Moon Magic: How to Use the Moon's Phases to Inspire and Influence Your Relationships, Home Life, and Business. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 0-609-80347-6. A self-help guide using the Moon's cycles by astrologer Lori Reid.

title: Moon magic


text:
Makgeolli

Makgeolli, sometimes anglicized to makkoli , is a Korean alcoholic drink. It is a milky, off-white, and lightly sparkling rice wine that has a slight viscosity, and tastes slightly sweet, tangy, bitter, and astringent. Chalky sediment gives it a cloudy appearance. As a low proof drink of six to nine percent alcohol by volume, it is often considered a "communal beverage" rather than hard liquor.

In Korea, makgeolli is often unpasteurized, and the wine continues to mature in the bottle. Because of the short shelf life of unpasteurized "draft" makgeolli, many exported makgeolli undergo pasteurization, which deprives the beverage of complex enzymes and flavor compounds. Recently, various fruits such as strawberries and bananas have been added to makgeolli to create forms with new flavours.

Names
The name makgeolli (막걸리) is a compound, consisting of mak (막; "roughly, recklessly, carelessly") and a deverbal noun derived from the verb stem georeu- (거르-; "to strain, to sift, to filter") to which is added a noun-forming suffix -i (-이).

Because of its cloudy appearance, makgeolli is also called takju (탁주; 濁酒), meaning "opaque wine", as opposed to the refined, transparent cheongju (청주; 淸酒), meaning "clear wine". Another name for makgeolli is nongju (농주; 農酒), meaning "agricultural wine" or "farmer's wine", reflecting the traditional popularity of the beverage among farmers.

English nickname
In 2010, the South Korean Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries announced "drunken rice" as the winning entry in a competition to find an English nickname for makgeolli. "Makcohol" (makgeolli + alcohol) and "Markelixir" (makgeolli + elixir) were among the runners-up. The five-member panel reasoned that the chosen name would communicate the product's identity as a rice liquor and evoke associations with its ambassadors, the popular Korean hip-hop group Drunken Tiger. This met with a cool reception from the Korean public, with objections relating to translation of the noun makgeolli, felt to be unnecessary, and to the negative connotations of the word "drunken".

Scottish band Colonel Mustard & The Dijon 5, playing at the inaugural DMZ Peace Train Festival in 2018, called makgeolli 'Fight Milk', or 'Korean Buckfast'.

Japanese name
In 2009, Korean importers in Japan began producing makgeolli products, promoting them with the name makkori, the Japanese pronunciation of makgeolli. In 2011, several Japanese sake companies, including Gekkeikan and Tatenokawa, launched cloudy rice wines under the name makkori, and announced plans to export the products to Asia, America, and Europe. Concerns were raised in Korea that this could lead to makgeolli being mistakenly regarded as traditionally Japanese rather than Korean, as had happened in the 1996 kimchi-kimuchi case.

History
Makgeolli is the oldest alcoholic beverage in Korea. Rice wine has been brewed since the Three Kingdoms era, which ran from the 1st century BCE to the 7th century CE. The consumption of rice wine during the reign of King Dongmyeong (37–19 BCE) is mentioned in the founding story of the kingdom of Goguryeo in Jewang ungi (Songs of Emperors and Kings), a 13th-century Goryeo Korean book.

There are a number of other early records mentioning rice wine in the Korean Peninsula. The Goryeo Korean book Samguk yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) mentions the brewing of yorye (醪醴, "cloudy rice wine") in the kingdom of Silla for King Suro of Gaya by his seventeenth-generation descendant in 661, in its section entitled Garakguk gi (Record of the State of Garak). In the Jin Chinese book Sānguózhì (Records of the Three Kingdoms), the section Dongyi (Eastern Foreigners) of the Wei Shu (Book of Wei) contains the observation that "the Goguryeo Koreans are skilled in making fermented foods such as wine, soybean paste, and salted and fermented fish". The Asuka Japanese book Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) makes reference in the section entitled Ōjin-tennō (Emperor Ōjin) to a man named Inbeon (仁番) from the kingdom of Baekje being taught how to brew wine. And the poem Gōngzishí (公子時), by the Tang Chinese poet Li Shangyin, refers to Silla wine (新羅酒) made with non-glutinous rice.

During the Goryeo dynasty, makgeolli was called ihwa-ju (이화주; 梨花酒, pear blossom alcohol), as the liquor was made when the pear trees were in blossom. This was associated in many communities in Korea around that time with a tradition of all-night drinking and dancing in special ceremonies. Makgeolli was brewed at home for centuries and was considered a "farmer's wine", or rural working-class beverage.

During the period of Japanese rule of Korea (1910-1945), the colonial government introduced a licensing system and taxed even for self-consumption, and by 1934, home brewing had been banned. The Park Chung-hee dictatorship also banned its making (1965) because of rice shortages. In 1990, the South Korean ban on brewing with rice was finally lifted, with home brewing again becoming legal only at the beginning of the 21st century. In the interim period, makgeolli was made from wheat.

The most-consumed alcoholic drink in South Korea in the 1960s and 1970s, makgeolli began to lose  popularity in the 1970s with the rise of imported alcoholic beverages. Also, due to the national food shortage, the government banned making makgeolli using rice, and makgeolli was made by mixing 80% wheat flour and 20% corn. When flour was used, the quality of makgeolli deteriorated. As makgeolli was considered cheap and old-fashioned, sellers then focused on selling quantity rather than quality, with many makgeolli companies turning to mass production. In this process, the rice wine is usually brewed with a non-traditionally manufactured fermentation starter instead of the traditional nuruk. It is also diluted with water.

In the 21st century, makgeolli enjoyed a resurgence in urban areas and among younger generations. The health benefits and low alcohol proof of makgeolli, and a growing interest in cultural traditions in recent decades, have contributed to the revival. The product continues to be inexpensive, with a plastic, soft drink-style 750 ml bottle costing around ₩1,200 ($). Novelty high-end makgeolli are also produced, using traditional methods free of artificial additives. There were at least 700 small-scale breweries in production in South Korea in 2017.

Brewing
Makgeolli is made from rice using nuruk, a Korean fermentation starter. Nuruk is a dry cereal cake that has been allowed to ferment and mature to promote the growth of molds producing hydrolyzable enzymes that decompose the starches of the cereal grain into sugar. This sugar is then used by yeast to produce alcohol through fermentation. Different kinds of nuruk, made with different ingredients such as rice, wheat, barley, or mung beans, produce makgeolli of a variety of flavors.

Steamed rice, nuruk, and sometimes additional flavoring ingredients such as maize, chestnuts, fruits, herbs, and flowers are mixed and left to ferment in onggi, the same permeable clay crocks used for making kimchi, soy sauce, and other fermented foods.

The brewing process involves two stages: seed and main mash and main fermentation. Seed mash is the process of obtaining actively growing yeasts and enzymes in the mixture of yeast and nuruk. The tastes and aromas of the main mash develop with the transformation of the rice-derived nutrients and amino acids. Main fermentation lasts for about a week.

Makgeolli is best consumed fresh, a week or two after brewing. When freshly brewed, it has a milder and creamier taste. It acquires a stronger taste over time and turns into rice vinegar after a couple of months.

Traditionally, the wine was only created one way, but to reach out across the different age groups and for exporting purposes there are several different ways the wine is created. Once makgeolli has been exported, it can change as well. Many people also brew makgeolli at home these days. Traditionally, makgeolli is created unpasteurized.

Commercial production
Many mass-produced makgeolli are brewed with non-traditional manufactured fermentation starter instead of the traditional nuruk, and are diluted with water and contain additives such as aspartame. This gives the liquor sweetness without adding a fermentable carbohydrate, and thus increases shelf life. Flavorings such as fruit and ginseng are also sometimes added.

Famous makgeolli by region
Jangsu Makgeolli, Seoul

Idong Makgeolli, Pocheon

Geumjeongsanseong Makgeolli, Busan

Consumption
Makgeolli is usually served chilled, in a bottle or in a pottery bowl with a ladle. Prior to drinking, it is stirred with the ladle, or the bottle is gently flipped upside down several times with the cap on, in order to mix in the settled sediment. It is then ladled or poured into individual small bowls, rather than cups, for drinking. This is because of the tendency of makgeolli to split into a cloudy white fraction that settles to the bottom and a clear, pale yellow liquid that rises to the top.

Makgeolli is often served with fried buchimgae, Korean pancakes, such as pajeon (made with scallions), haemul-panjeon (made with scallions and seafood), and bindae-tteok (made with mung beans and pork). Consuming makgeolli with these pancakes is a custom often associated with rainy days. There are a number of theories regarding the origin. The first theory is the effect of association, whereby the sound of the rain is similar to the sizzling sound of a pancake making, so when it rains, pajeon automatically comes to mind. The second theory has to do with traditional agricultural culture. When the farmers were not able to work due to the rain, especially during the rainy season of Summer, they made pajeon to soothe their hunger and accompanied it with makgeolli, a farmer’s favorite drink. Naturally, it became a seasonal food, and the tradition has been passed down to this day.

Makgeolli may also be mixed with ice and fruits such as mango and pineapple to make fruit cocktails, or with saida (lemon-lime drink) to make a simple cocktail named maksa. Makgeolli mixed with kkul (honey) is called kkul-makgeolli.

Because of the microorganisms present during fermentation, makgeolli is a probiotic product. It contains high levels of lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, as well as vitamins, amino acids, and fiber. With a 1.9 percent protein content, over 10 amino acids, vitamin B, inositol and choline, makgeolli is reputed to increase metabolism, relieve fatigue and improve the complexion.

Similar beverages
Dongdong-ju ("float-float wine") is a drink very similar to makgeolli, but slightly creamier and with unfiltered floating rice grains. The word dongdong is an ideophone for a small object floating by. Ihwa-ju ("pear-blossom wine") is so named because it is brewed from rice with rice malt which ferments during the pear-blossom season. Ihwaju is often so thick that it is eaten with a spoon. Dansul ("sweet wine") is a sweeter variety with partial fermentation. The Tibetan alcoholic beverage Chhaang is also very similar drink with its cloudy milky appearance along with its unfiltered rice sediments. During the Tibetan lunar new year, Tibetans drink a slight variation of Chaang by adding dried cheese, droma (a type of small tuber similar in taste to sweet potato) and nuts which is then heated and drunk warm. In Nepal, where chaang is enjoyed by the Newars and Sherpas, Korean produced bottled makgeoli is branded and sold as chaang.

Chinese choujiu and Japanese nigori are rice wines similar to makgeolli.

title: Makgeolli


text:
User talk:Brandon Shade

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

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(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 13:47, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Brandon Shade


text:
Virginia State Route 10

State Route 10 (SR 10) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 93.58 mi from U.S. Route 360 (US 360) in Richmond east to SR 337 in Suffolk. SR 10 is a major suburban highway through Chesterfield County between the Southside of Richmond and Hopewell. Between Hopewell and Smithfield, which is served by SR 10 Business, the state highway passes through rural Prince George, Surry, and Isle of Wight counties, following the route of an old stagecoach road through an area that features many of the preserved James River plantations. SR 10 runs concurrently with US 258 and SR 32 between Smithfield and Suffolk.

Richmond to Hopewell
SR 10 begins at US 360 (Hull Street) in the Southside of Richmond. The state highway heads south along two-lane undivided Broad Rock Road, which continues north of the intersection as a city street. SR 10 expands to a four-lane undivided street as the highway approaches its intersection with SR 161 (Belt Boulevard) at Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center. The two highways run concurrently along four-lane divided Broad Rock Boulevard. The two highways diverge just north of SR 10's crossing of the CSX line that passes through Richmond's West End. The state highway intersects Warwick Road and Walmsley Boulevard while passing through the neighborhoods south of the railroad line, including Broad Rock. SR 10's name changes to Iron Bridge Road shortly before exiting the city limits at its crossing of a reservoir along Falling Creek.

SR 10 meets SR 150 (Chippenham Parkway) at a cloverleaf interchange shortly after the route enters the Meadowbrook community of Chesterfield County. The state highway has a cloverleaf interchange with another freeway, SR 288, just south of Chesterfield County Airport. SR 10 continues south through Chesterfield Court House, where the highway passes through the county office complex and by the historic home Magnolia Grange. The state highway meets the western end of SR 145 (Centralia Road) on the south side of the county seat. SR 10 curves east to pass through Chester, where the highway has a short concurrency with SR 144, which heads south as Harrowgate Road and north as Chester Road on either side of the main Richmond–Petersburg CSX rail line.

SR 10 continues east as West Hundred Road, which has an intersection with US 1 and US 301 (Jefferson Davis Highway) followed by a cloverleaf interchange with Interstate 95 (I-95, Richmond–Petersburg Turnpike). The state highway crosses over CSX's Hopewell Subdivision while passing through an industrial area. After intersecting Old Bermuda Hundred Road, SR 10 continues southeast as East Hundred Road, which has a cloverleaf interchange with I-295 in Enon. The state highway heads southeast through the community of Rivermont before crossing the Appomattox River on the Charles Hardaway Marks Bridges into the city of Hopewell. SR 10, which is named Randolph Road within the independent city, passes to the east of the plantation Weston Manor and City Point National Cemetery and meets the eastern end of SR 36 (Sixth Avenue). The state highway also passes to the south of City Point, the peninsula at the confluence of the Appomattox and James rivers that features the plantation Appomattox Manor. East of downtown Hopewell, SR 10 reduces to a two-lane undivided road and crosses under railroad tracks into an industrial area where the highway meets SR 156 (Winston Churchill Drive), where the road expands to a four-lane divided highway again. The two state highways leave the city by crossing Bailey Creek into Prince George County.

Hopewell to Suffolk
SR 10 and SR 156 continue east as James River Drive and are joined by SR 106 (Ruffin Road) for a short distance before SR 106 and SR 156 head north on Jordan Point Road toward Jordan Point, where the highways cross the James River on the Benjamin Harrison Memorial Bridge. SR 10 reduces to a two-lane undivided road and heads southeast through a mix of farmland and forest. The state highway crosses Powell Creek at Garysville, which lies south of James River National Wildlife Refuge and Flowerdew Hundred Plantation. The state highway traverses Wards Creek at Burrowsville, which is southwest of the Upper and Lower Brandon plantations. SR 10 crosses Upper Chippokes Creek into Surry County, where the highway continues as Colonial Trail and meets the eastern end of SR 40 (Martin Luther King Highway) in Spring Grove. The north leg of the intersection leads to the town of Claremont and the plantation Four Mile Tree. SR 10 runs concurrently with SR 31 (Rolfe Highway) through the town of Surry. SR 31 leads north to the Jamestown Ferry.

SR 10 passes through the hamlet of California Crossroads, where SR 633 (Chippokes Farm Road) leads north to Chippokes Plantation State Park. The state highway traverses Lower Chippokes Creek and passes the Old Brick Church and Bacon's Castle, a rare American example of Jacobean architecture, in the namesake hamlet. SR 10 continues as Old Stage Highway after crossing Lawnes Creek into Isle of Wight County, where the highway briefly parallels the James River through Rushmere. South of Rushmere, Old Stage Highway splits southeast as SR 10 Business, which passes by the Smithfield Foods plant and through downtown Smithfield. SR 10 crosses the Pagan River and enters the town of Smithfield just before intersecting Main Street, which heads southwest as US 258 and northeast as US 258 Business into downtown Smithfield. SR 10 and US 258 have a diamond interchange with Fairway Drive and cross Cypress Creek before meeting the other end of US 258 Business and SR 10 Business (Church Street) just south of the town limits. SR 10 and US 258 continue south together as Benns Church Road, a four-lane divided highway, to Benns Church, the site of historic St. Luke's Church. US 258 turns east onto Brewers Neck Road, which also carries SR 32, to head toward the James River Bridge to Newport News.

SR 32 joins SR 10 in a concurrency that continues through SR 10's eastern terminus in Suffolk. At the northern city limit of Suffolk at Wills Corner, the highways reduce to two lanes and become Godwin Boulevard. SR 10 and SR 32 cross Chuckatuck Creek and meet the western end of SR 125 (Kings Highway) in the community of Chuckatuck. After crossing the Western Branch of the Nansemond River, the two highways expand to a four-lane divided highway and enter a suburban area. SR 10 and SR 32 pass by Sentara Obici Hospital before a partial cloverleaf interchange with the Suffolk Bypass, which carries US 13, US 58, and US 460. South of the interchange, the two highways become a five-lane road with a center left-turn lane. The highways meet and are joined by US 460 Business (Pruden Boulevard) at Elephant Fork. Just south of their crossing of the Nansemond River, the highways intersect Constance Road, which features US 58 Business on both sides of the intersection. US 460 Business turns east onto Constance Road, while US 13 Business joins SR 10 and SR 32 south on four-lane undivided Main Street into downtown Suffolk. SR 10 reaches its eastern terminus at SR 337 (Washington Street), where SR 32 and US 13 Business continue south along Main Street toward North Carolina.

History
SR 10 is one of two routes to survive from the inception of Virginia's state route system in 1918 without being completely renumbered or decommissioned, the other being SR 28. Unlike SR 28, which today contains none of its original routing, SR 10's route between Garysville and Suffolk is largely unchanged from 1918. Much of the rest of SR 10's original approximately 570-mile route – west of Petersburg and east of Suffolk – was replaced by the introduction of U.S. Routes 11, 58, and 460 in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

Smithfield business route
SR 10 Business is a business route of SR 10 in Isle of Wight County. The business route runs 6.63 mi from SR 10 and US 258 south of Smithfield to SR 10 north of Smithfield. SR 10 Business follows Church Street through the town of Smithfield. The business route runs concurrently with US 258 Business from their common southern terminus north and west across Cypress Creek into downtown Smithfield. The two routes provide access to Windsor Castle, which is physically closer to but cannot be accessed from the bypass. In downtown Smithfield, US 258 Business turns west onto Main Street. SR 10 Business continues north across the Pagan River and passes by the Smithfield Foods factory before leaving the town. The business route continues as Old Stage Highway to its northern end at SR 10 south of Rushmere.

title: Virginia State Route 10


text: User talk:199.176.176.101

title: User talk:199.176.176.101


text:
Talk:Normal family

Clarification on the assumed distance metric
I added a clarification about the assertions relating to complex analysis and Cauchy's theorem. The clarification is that the assumed distance metric is $$d_Y(y_1,y_2)=|y_1-y_2|$$.

I also observe that the statement of Montel's theorem here is different from the one in the Montel theorem article. That statement assumes the functions are defined over an open set, and requires uniform boundedness. I wonder if some more detail is needed here.

Continuity
Since the convergence is uniform, need we say "to a continuous function from X to Y?" If the function from X to Y were jump discontinuous, convergence could be at best uniform a.e. right? Could you have jump discontinuous functions in the family?

168.105.250.112 (talk) 08:46, 5 January 2012 (UTC)

Montel discussion long ago
Is the theorem here Montel's theorem? Certainly Montel did a lot with normal families.

This material is used in complex dynamics, so perhaps that connection should be made.

Charles Matthews 13:56, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * First, thank you for your changes, I had forgotten to mention that normal family is a math concept.

 * I don't quite know these things. So I saw the page on complex dynamics but I don't know what to add to it. And neither do I know about Montel's theorem (somehow I don't remember it from the grad course in complex analysis I took a while ago).

 * So what you are dealing with here, is a janitor who moves stuff from planetmath without knowing what I am doing. :) Oleg Alexandrov 15:55, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/MontelsTheorem.html is the PM page on Montel's theorem. It is about normal families, so could be added to this page.

Now to look up Montel. Charles Matthews 16:08, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This biography page is quite useful: http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Montel.html. Charles Matthews 16:12, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I will look at these later today. Oleg Alexandrov 17:36, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Montel
One note I have, is that the last sentence you put in the first paragraph needs some editing I think. You see, the point of the paragraph is to introduce a normal family of functions. But then you switch to talking about compact sets in function spaces. I of course understand what you mean, but the change is too abrupt I think, one would need to make the connections:

Normal family -> precompact set -> compact set in a function space

which could be too much for an introductory paragraph and a newcomer to these things. I would suggest that it be developed into a gentler standalone paragraph somewhere below. But it is up to you.

Now, I copied Montel's theorem over. (And thus I read it.) I think what is mentioned in this normal family article is not that theorem. This article just says that a sequence of holomorphic functions, that converges uniformly on compact sets, converges to a holomorphic function, while Montel's theorem has the much stronger statement that a locally bounded sequence of holomorphic functions has a subsequence which converges to a holomorphic function.

One weakness of PlanetMath and which we copy over here, is that their articles have very little motivation and connections to other topics. I will think of what else to add to this and to Montel's theorem article. Suggestions (and actual edits) welcome. Oleg Alexandrov 05:08, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Correct definition
Yes, there is some problem with their way of doing things. I wasn't aware that 'normal family' was a concept used outside complex analysis. Also, equicontinuity is a related but different concept. So it would be good to think how to integrate this material, better. Charles Matthews 07:44, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I think you are right saying that the definition is not used outside complex analysis. The reason they make things more general, is, they way I see it, because they also talk about holomorphic functions defined on the Riemann sphere in addition to the complex plane.

 * That said, I incline to agree with you that they generalize excessively. Should I remove the general definition, and the case of functions on the Riemann sphere, and just keep the case of holomorphic functions in the complex plane? Oleg Alexandrov 03:21, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Naming
I disagree with the content of this paragraph. In "modern terms", one can just say that it is a relatively compact set for the compact-open topology. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:E34:EE33:210:596:72BD:DC4C:C9FA (talk) 18:43, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

Definition when Y is a metric space in the lead
This definition seems off to me. It seems to be describing a condition for compactness, rather than pre-compactness. Functions should be allowed to "diverge locally uniformly" (def. from p. 33 of Milnor) Student298 (talk) 00:05, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Normal family


text:
Talk:Charlotte Martin

Untitled1
- 'On Your Shore' album cover artwork uploaded; hyperlink to RCA Records web site added - Corrected hyperlink to Silver Honey - Corrected hyperlink to Silver Honey [second time] - Links updated - Links updated [second time] - Links updated [third time] - "Darkest Hour" updates - Links updated [fourth time] - Links updated [fifth time]  - Links updated [sixth time]  - Links updated [seventh time] - 'Veins' updates - 'Something Like A DVD' updates

Untitled 2

 * Wikipedia policy Q: is it inappropriate for publicists/manager to editor pages about their clients?

This story refers to her as being 26 in November, 2002. If her birthday is in March, that means she was born in 1976, not 1977.

Another CM -> possible disamb link
For the record, there's another woman with the same name who's also linked to rock music, namely through a lengthy relationship with Jimmy Page that lasted for most of the live career of Led Zeppelin, and before that as Eric Clapton's girlfriend. Charlotte Martin is probably familiar to a good number of Zep fans, she appears at some prominent points in Hammer of the Gods and other books about the band, for instance she was one of the casualties of the infamous Rhodes car crash in 1975. It's likely a toss-up which of the two women are more generally well-known these days, but since there is already a draft page for her in sandbox format, maybe it could be adapted and put up, with a disambiguation at the head of the current page of the singer-songwriter? 83.254.154.164 (talk) 20:06, 11 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Birth year?
This article has two different years specified: 1976 in the body of the article and 1975 under the photo. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.137.115.190 (talk) 15:04, 10 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charlotte Martin


text:
Standerton

Standerton is a large commercial and agricultural town lying on the banks of the Vaal River in Mpumalanga, South Africa, which specialises in cattle, dairy, maize and poultry farming. The town was established in 1876 and named after Boer leader Commandant A. H. Stander. During the First Boer War a British garrison in the town was besieged by the Boers for three months. General Jan Smuts won this seat during elections and went on to assist in setting up the League of Nations. Standerton is the seat of the Lekwa Local Municipality.

History
Standerton was founded in 1878 on a farm called Grootverlangen and named after its owner Commandant Adriaan Henrik Stander. The South African Republic's Volksraad approved the formation of a town at the drift in 1876 and proclaimed two years later. It was granted municipal status in 1903. The crossing over the Vaal River, now bridged, was known as Stander's Drift and a hill close to the town was called Standerskop were also named after Stander. During the First Boer War (1880–81), a British unit was besieged by the Boer forces who shelled them from the nearby hill, the former holding out until the end of the war in February 1881.

Great Trek memorial controversy
The town has received nationwide media attention in 2007 and 2008 following the destruction of an important voortrekker memorial. This monument, located near the facade of the municipality building, was constructed by Afrikaners to mark the 150th anniversary of the Great Trek. The Lekwa municipality's mayor Queen Radebe-Khumalo ordered the structure demolished in April 2007. "That piece of thing means nothing to us. It's just a piece of cement with tracks. I do not even know where it comes from", Radebe-Khumalo declared in a statement quoted by the Beeld newspaper.

The incident led to widespread condemnation by the local Afrikaans community. Jan Bosman, a spokesperson for the Afrikanerbond, claimed that "actions like these undo the spirit of reconciliation as promoted by former president Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu". In June 2007, a joint initiative between AfriForum and Solidarity lodged an application to the Pretoria High Court requesting that the mayor offer compensation for damages claimed. A subsequent court order ruled that Radebe-Khumalo and her municipality would pay for the damage and prohibited attempts to remove another statue erected in memory of Anglo-Boer war concentration camp victims.

In May 2010, the memorial was rebuilt on its original site.

Sakhile Township riots
The township of Sakhile near Standerton was the site of violent, service delivery riots that led to the Lekwa Municipality mayor Juliet Queen Radebe-Khumalo and other senior municipal officials, being recalled by the African National Congress in October 2009. The riots included the burning of tyres and blocking some entries to the town.

Agriculture
The area around the town promotes mixed agriculture with crops such as maize, sunflower seeds, ground nuts and potatoes. Poultry and dairy farming is also conducted in the region.

Standerton Mills
Standerton Mills Pty Ltd was established in 1947. Mainly manufacturing and supplying yarn and woven industrial fabrics.

Dams
Grootdraai Dam is situated in the upper reaches of the Vaal River less than 10 km upstream of Standerton. It has a catchment area of 8,195 km2, a mean annual precipitation of approximately 750 mm, a mean annual potential evaporation at the dam site of 1,400 mm and a natural inflow of 580 million m3/a. The full supply capacity of the reservoir is 364 million m3. The Grootdraai dam was completed in 1982.

Notable people
Although Standerton is a rural town surviving mainly on agriculture, it has produced talented people prominent in South African society.

 * Arnold S de Beer - journalist and academic
 * Pieter Hendriks - South Africa national rugby team player
 * Angel Khanyile - member of the National Assembly of South Africa. Shadow Minister of Home Affairs
 * Jaco Kriel - South Africa national rugby team player
 * Mark Lawrence - retired international rugby union referee. He refereed his first international test match, in 2000, and was chosen to officiate at both the 2003 Rugby World Cup [2] and 2007 Rugby World Cups.
 * Frans Lourens Herman Rumpff - Chief Justice of South Africa, 1974-1982
 * Rooi Mahamutsa - South African football defender for Premier Soccer League club, Free State Stars F.C. and South Africa also played for Orlando Pirates.
 * Mfundo Ndhlovu - South Africa national rugby sevens team player
 * JC Ritchie - professional golfer
 * Gary Van Aswegen - Rugby union player
 * Constand Viljoen - South African military commander. co-founded the Afrikaner Volksfront (Afrikaner People's Front) and later founded the Freedom Front (now Freedom Front Plus)

title: Standerton


text:
Talk:Religions

why is this article separate from World religions? Ungtss 14:00, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Religions


text:
Talk:Christ Gospel Churches International

Protected
Hello. I semi-protected this page, as there seems to be a long term edit war on this page which seems to have started in August 2008 (see history ending in protection.

As I see it, there are several problems with the page. There are references which are not tied to comments, there are many uncited statements etc. Please discuss this in the coming 3 months here, and when there is consensus, either contact me or another admin (using editprotected, e.g.) to get the changes in the article. In the way before this we are not getting anywhere. Thanks. --Dirk Beetstra T C 15:31, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

Vandalism
If you look at the history of this page, a small group of individuals seem very keen on committing vandalism. One of whom, who had an account, was banned completely by Wikipedia for vandalizing this page. Now a small group of people are just re-adding the vandalism, but now they are doing so anonymously. This issue was decided by an administrator previously. I'm not sure what the best result is, but I wanted to bring it to your attention. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wy harvard (talk • contribs) 22:25, 8 May 2013 (UTC)


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Anthony Thistlethwaite

Anthony "Anto" Thistlethwaite (born 31 August 1955, Lutterworth, Leicestershire, England) is an Irish multi-instrumentalist best known as a founding member (with guitarist Mike Scott) of the folk rock group, The Waterboys and later as a long-standing member of Irish rock band The Saw Doctors.

Career
After a year busking in Paris, where he played tenor saxophone around the streets of the Latin Quarter, Thistlethwaite moved to London in 1980. In 1981, he played saxophone on Robyn Hitchcock's Groovy Decay album as well as Nikki Sudden's Waiting on Egypt. Mike Scott heard the saxophone solo on Nikki's "Johnny Smiled Slowly" and invited Thistlethwaite to come and play with his fledgling band, The Red and The Black. Their first record together, "A Girl Called Johnny", was released as The Waterboys' first single in March 1983 and featured Thistlethwaite on tenor sax.

Although Thistlethwaite is mainly known as a saxophonist, he has also featured heavily on mandolin, harmonica, Hammond organ, guitar, and bass with The Waterboys and other acts. During the 1980s and 1990s he featured as a session musician on recordings by bands such as: World Party, Fairground Attraction, Psychedelic Furs, Bob Dylan, China Crisis, Johnny Thunders, Donovan, The Vibrators, Chris De Burgh, Bruce Foxton (The Jam), and The Mission.

During the 1990s, he released three solo albums which included contributions from musicians including: Kirsty MacColl, Eddi Reader, Ralph McTell, Mick Taylor, and Sonny Landreth. His third album Crawfish and Caviar consisted of songs recorded in Saint Petersburg, Russia and Louisiana, US.

Thistlethwaite began collaborating musically with The Saw Doctors in the late 1980s, and he became a full-time member in the 2010s.

Personal life
Thistlethwaite became an Irish citizen in 2017. He has resided in Galway since 2007.

Sharon Shannon, also a member of The Waterboys, recorded a song for her eponymous debut album called "Anto's Cajun Cousins", named after Thistlethwaite's American relatives.

Discography
Thistlethwaite has released five solo albums:

 * Aesop Wrote a Fable (1993)
 * Cartwheels (1995)
 * Crawfish and Caviar (1997)
 * Back to The Land. The Best of... (2002)
 * Stinky Fingers (2011) with Mick Taylor

title: Anthony Thistlethwaite


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Talk:Software localization

Should this article be merged into Internationalization and localization? --Mikko Silvonen 14:02, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The localization section of the article Internationalization and localization should be moved here. ---moyogo 14:54, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I would suggest this page can be safely nuked, and this topic should redirect to Internationalization and localization ---jP 22:38, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

There are enough aspects to the localization of software and IT systems that this existing page could be further developed. I think the question is whether readers of the Internationalization and Localization entry are interested in details regarding the analysis and design of software and IT systems. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 131.247.202.120 (talk • contribs) 11:38, 26 April 2006 (UTC).

no, this is not possible —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 212.178.64.90 (talk • contribs).

title: Talk:Software localization


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Moon Magic

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS. The article was rewritten during VfD. dbenbenn | talk 02:39, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Moon Magic

 * Advertisment for astrology book.   — Zeimusu | Talk 14:04, 2005 Feb 8 (UTC)
 * Cleanup book is real but quite obscure. However, there is a much better-known fiction book of this same title by Dion Fortune.  Perhaps this could be cleaned up to reflect that, with a small disambiguation note mentioning Jaffer's annual series. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  14:39, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, bloggish ad, likely self-promotion. Wyss 19:27, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, has no encyclopedic content, in advertisment, etc. User Khaim forgot to sign this.
 * Keep, cleanup and expand. Besides Fortune's book there is also a book with that same title by Lori Read. Suggest the article also make mention of those books. Megan1967 01:11, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I have reformatted and added to the article since original VfD. Megan1967 03:34, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep in the current revision this is noit an ad, and is at least reasonably encyclopedic. The Dion Fortune book, now mentioned, is significant in the history of Wicca. DES 21:21, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:Viriathus

Zamora
The south-west region of Zamora, Sayago, was populated by lusitans. Even the the later roman province of Lusitania included that region. Keep informed.

I'm sorry, in the article there is that he lived in Zamora? that area wasnt an area of Lusitania (in fact, it was quit faar away). I'll delete it from the text without credible sources/theories. -Pedro 14:06, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Celts?
Well Iberian in the sence of Iberian peninsula. There's no proof they were really Celts, but there's proof they had Celtic culture. -Pedro 00:43, 25 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The answer to your questions and doubts may be found in this Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC). The Ogre 13:09, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I dont know why you are putting that map on every article about pre-Roman Portugal furthermore I've books about this issue, and the link doesnt answer the question that noone knows for sure. it wasnt really a question, but an answer... --Pedro 13:58, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

Viriathus
I don´t agree that Viriathus was a inspiration for the portuguese and spanish people due of the simple fact that there were no such people in the iberian peninsula until the fundation of such countries. To use concepts like "portuguese" and "spanish" in describing the iberian - celtic tribes of 200 BC who lived in the iberian peninsula is a common but serious mistake. It is also made in relation of Boudica and the english people. She was the queen of a tribe, the Iceni, in the area of present england who fought against the romans. She is regarded as "english" hero despite the fact that the kingdom of england was not formed in the next 700 years! Also Arminius who was a leader of the Cherusci, a tribe who fought the romans in the area of present Germany is wrongly regarded as a "german" hero. Other examples of the above are: Alexander the Great who was a macedonian and not a greek; Charlemagne who was a Frank and as such is not a "french" or "german" hero but rather the leader of a tribe and kingdom who much latter became the basis of both countries. All these persons were heavily romanticized (no pun intended) by giving them great moral attributes and exagerating many of their deeds and vilainizing their adversary. At the same time many of their flaws like cruelty or others and their ruthless deeds were "sweept under the rug". Lateron they where used as a symbol of "national" virtues and as "national heros" by countries and peoples who in many cases had at best a distant relation to such people. [anonymous]
 * Surely the Portuguese dont descent exclusively from the Lusitanians, but some claims (often in English) that have been made: "the Portuguese not being descendants of the Lusitanians" are obviously false that are contradicted by genetics and history. But yes, the culture, the language, almost everything even the ethnicity is different mostly due to Roman influence. And, yes, nationalists use these heroes... so what? Villainizing the Romans is surely not intentional, because Romans are also part of these countries history and the last thing they want to make and it is clear in the article, is that no one wanted to villainize the Romans, people who had an extreme importance in the formation of these countries (in everything really, everything is Roman-based: ethnicity, culture, laws, language, architecture, etc). So no the Romans arent seen as villains, in fact it is the opposite! The villains of this story are the companions, and their names are mythology and some claim it was just one traitor. If you see the Romans said "Rome doesnt pay traitors"... this all things are to make clear that the Romans werent the real villains: almost no one knew the Lusitanians were deported to Gaul as slaves, or other things, for instance - we know this today because of research. -Pedro 18:35, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Check Portuguese people. The Ogre 13:02, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
 * a surprise, but it doesnt answer this issue. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~dgarvey/DNA/markers.htm It is something useful for that article though. And surelly is a stone to some biased opinions in relation to Mediterranean peoples. that should be worked in the proper article.-Pedro 13:20, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Viriathus' Death
No one knows if Audax, Ditalcus and Minurus were Lusitanians, their names are not native. Also "friends" or "allies" would have the same meaning. [anonymous]

Viriathus' statue picture
I don't know how to load a picture into this, so would any of you do it for me? Probably, the best picture to load is the one of the statue in Viseu, next to the "Cava de Viriato", a Roman or Lusitanian fortification. Thanks!--Ciga 19:48, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I thought in that, did you take the picture yourself, upload using upload file. Thanks. It is the best image you can have of him. -Pedro 12:57, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Viriathus birthplace
The claim that he was born in Loriga should be treated as mere fantasy, there's obviously no mention of the city where he had born, the place of birth varies largely. Although as it is in the text, the stronghold of Lusitania were the mountains of Hermes and the Douro Valley. People relate Viseu to Viriathus because of the statue. --Pedro 12:57, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Sertorius
The text makes no mention to the Roman Sertório, who lead the Lusitanians after viriathus's death. M.F.
 * You mean Quintus Sertorius. And he was not exactly leader of the Lusitanians... He was a Roman general participating in Roman political struggles, that revolted in Hispania, and had a lot of soldiers from the local populations, namely Lusitanians, who were his allies of sorts. Check the Timeline of Portuguese history - Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia (3rd Century BC to 4th Century AC). The Ogre 13:02, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

After Viriathus' death who lead the Lusitans was Tantalus.

 * Sertorius began his insurrection in Hispania as general and commander-in-chief of the Lusitani. He was in no uncertain terms leader of the Lusitani. It is quite an amazing fact that a Roman would fill the shoes of Viriathus, who despised the Romans for their perfidy. However, Sertorius began his insurrection in 80 BC, so there is a significant gap between the two. I'll be back with some Mommsen comments on their relation, for both this article and Sertorius'.

 * The leader on Viriathus' death was Tautamus; Tantalus is someone else. The Jackal God 01:03, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

"After his death they chose a general named Tantalus and made an expedition against Saguntum,...[]"(Appian,THE WARS IN SPAIN,CHAPTER XII]) You have to argue with Appian on this one. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.180.83.21 (talk) 21:21, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

Birth date
How did you come up with the birth date of Viriathus? No Roman or Greek author ever said when he was born.If born in 190 b.c he is 51 years old at the time of his death! A bit old for an energetic fellow that terrorised the romans and was known for his strength and agility. Correct that and leave the birth date blank, no one know his birthday day or year.

Lead
I would like to substitute "Lusitanians" for "Lusitanian guerrilla fighters" because he led both regular armies and guerrilla bands, and it trivializes what he was able to accomplish, more than once crushing Roman armies and making Maximus Aemilianus hesistant to face his armies in battle before they were trained, and other Roman commanders to finish their campaigns in the middle of the summer. Basically, my point is he was more than just a guerrilla leader; he was an able general and regular commander, a fact his first victory denotes. The Jackal God 01:16, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Check the Footnotes
I wandered into this page out of curiosity and was shocked to find that I had overlooked so much ancient Lusitanian history, or that I had overlooked such important passages in Livy, etc. Then I had a good laugh and realized this is Wikipedia. You see, I started clicking on the links in the footnotes, to find that at least some of your sources don't actually say what they the article claims them to say, especially those in Latin. I would, if I were someone who cared about Wikipedia and not just racking up edits and/or spreading my marginalist ideas, give all of those sources a good once over, but instead I'll leave it to you, the theoretical good wikipedia editor (Judging from what I read, Wikipedia is made up entirely of Tenured professors who have abandoned their careers in favour of writing good encyclopedia articles, so this should be no problem). And if you want something free, try the introduction to Herculano's history, which I'm sure is online, for a good introduction to Lusitania-Modern Portuguese issues. - [[User:Kyle543 |Kyle543]] (talk) 09:16, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

 * If you checked the sources and think they don't actually say what the article claims them to say, (especially those in Latin) can you tell which ones? Most sources in Latin have translations in other languages.

 * As you mentioned Livy maybe you can say what is wrong with it ?
 * Livy described him as a shepherd who became a hunter, then a soldier,...
 * "Viriathus in Hispania (primum ex pastore venator, ex venatore latro, mox iusti quoque exercitus dux factus)"
 * thus following the path of most young warriors, the iuventus, who devoted themselves to cattle raiding, hunting and war
 * "and young men of military age, the iuventus, devoted themselves to hunting, raiding and war (Diod. 5, 34, 6)"

 * Or you mean the authors I cited are wrong and you prefer Herculano's history?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.180.75.251 (talk) 13:01, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Attribution?
There is this quotation: “ For he was, as is agreed by all, valiant in dangers, prudent and careful in providing whatever was necessary, and that which was most considerable of all was, that whilst he commanded he was more beloved than ever any was before him. " It is in large font.  I don't see any attribution.  We can't have quotations in wik without giving a source.  \If there is a source, then some-one please tell me where it is.  Normally (as in a later similarly fonted quotation), the source is given right at the end (if it has not been given in the introduction to the quotation) of them cited material.Kdammers (talk) 03:38, 13 June 2016 (UTC) ”
 * Done. Oatley2112 (talk) 07:04, 15 June 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Viriathus


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User:Habakuk

de:Benutzer:habakuk

title: User:Habakuk


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Template:Tools

{{documentation|link box=off|content=This is a convenience navbox for use on the documentation pages for various tool templates, linking to the others. {{clear}}

{{collapsible option}}

title: Template:Tools


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User:Qaddosh

Never stop learning. Life never stops teaching.

title: User:Qaddosh


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Talk:Rime table

Grade of Rime
When I began the article and wrote "grade of rime, rimes and tones" these three items are all separate concepts in historical Chinese phononlogy, or Chinese philology. By removing 'grade of rime' and merging it with 'rimes' is over editing of terms which the editor of that phrase does not properly understand. "Grade" of rime is frequently the English translation of the Chinese term 'deng'. Please be careful when editing. I am reinstating the "grade of rime" phrase. Dylanwhs 14:15, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

wai/nei and kaikou/hekou
The first paragraph of the 'Structure' section states:

"A rime table book consists of a number of tabular charts, each devoted to either the "inner" (nèi 內) or "outer" (wài 外) part of a particular rime group (shè 攝). The inner/outer subdivision is thought to be related to the vocalic heights contrasting close vowels and open vowels respectively. Each shè (攝) is characterized as either "open" (kāi 開) and "closed" (hé 合), which are interpreted to indicate the absence or presence of lip rounding (often transcribed as -w- or -u-)."

I think this has it the wrong way round. As I understand it, the rime group as a whole is either "outer" or "inner". But most rime groups contain more than one table, each of which may be either "kai" or "he". I am no expert in this field,and do not dare revise the article myself. But I am sufficiently sure of my ground to wish for a more knowledgeable editor to look again.

Here is a possible formulation of what I take to be the real state of affairs:

A rime table book is subdivided into a set of rime groups (shè 攝),each of which consists of a number of tabular charts. The rime groups are classified as either "inner" (nèi 內) or "outer" (wài 外). This subdivision is thought to be related to the vocalic heights, contrasting close vowels and open vowels respectively. The individual tables may be either "open" (kāi 開) or "closed" (hé 合). This distinction is interpreted to indicate the absence or presence of lip rounding (often transcribed as -w- or -u-).

¬¬¬¬ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 116.232.61.48 (talk) 10:53, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, this was the wrong way round. Now switched.  Kanguole 10:12, 29 March 2011 (UTC)

Jiadeng
...so-called jiǎděng (假等 "pseudo-grade"): for example, a syllable shown to be grade-4 on the table is in fact grade-3, and finds itself at the grade-4 position only because the slot has been occupied by another syllable.

Certain false-grade 4 and false grade 2 syllables are due not to the table being filled at the appropriate third deng position, but because of the nature of the initial and or rime given. This is why the table in the picture has so many additional numbers attached to various characters. For instance 嵩 ought to be a third deng character, and the third deng position is free. The only thing that puts 嵩 in the fourth grade position is due to it's fanqie properties, 息弓切. Although both are third deng chars, 息 tends to be used with non-3rd deng fanqie. This leaves the question why fourth and not second deng positions. 息心 belongs to the 心 initial from the 精 group of initials. It is mostly used for first and fourth deng characters. So, by extension, 嵩 must be a third deng character that has to fit in the fourth deng slot because it's initial dictates its positioning. Dylanwhs (talk) 00:35, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

Initials
BTW, there are some errors in the IPA values in the initials. Moreover, you need to be clearer about what period those initials apply to. Dylanwhs (talk) 00:44, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

Combination of Rime Tables with 36 initials
I feel enormously irritated that these two articles were combined. A rime table is not the same thing as the 36 initials, as is still reflected in the organization of this article. Most irritating the values in Baxter's system have been replaced with pseudo-IPA values of no historical meaning or value as Dylanwhs points out. Tibetologist (talk) 10:28, 8 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I suppose splitting is an option, but the table was added here in 2008, and the other article created in 2009 and redirected in 2010. It was in a pretty poor state when it was merged (e.g. it was missing the velars and thus had only 32 initials).  It's not clear where the transcriptions in this article came from.  The former article used Wang Li's transcription.  Baxter's transcription might not be appropriate, as it describes the Qieyun initials, while these are for a later period.  His use of "h" for ɦ/ɣ has also been criticized as confusing.  Pulleyblank's Late Middle Chinese might be a possibility (and is used for this purpose by Baxter), though he merges 非 and 敷 as "f" and not everyone agrees with him on various details.  Kanguole 11:10, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

I would still suggest using Baxter. It is simply necessary to mention that pj and phj had by that time become f and fh. Also, what I noticed Kane does in his book on Khitan was to use Baxter but rewrite pj as f and phj as fh, mechanically. Seems like a good option to me. What is useful of Baxter is precisely that one can compare the Qieyun system with the Yunjing system qua systems without having to get bogged down in (probably ultimately unknowable) phonetic details. Tibetologist (talk) 11:18, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rime table


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Talk:B. B. King

Manual of Style
Title of this article does not conform to MOS:SPACEINITS, which prescribes periods and spaces after initials in personal names unless the subject styles themselves otherwise, so CCH Pounder. Example given is J. R. R. Tolkien. Is B.B. King an exception? My favorite reference work (Donald Clarke's Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music) thinks not, but "B.B." seems rusted on in Wikipedia. I'd boldly change it, but would then feel obliged to change all incoming links, and may not live that long. Doug butler (talk) 23:04, 5 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Apparently so, per Talk:B.B. King/Archive 1, though this was over 12 years ago. ‑‑Neveselbert (talk · contribs · email) 09:40, 7 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I think another RM could be in order here. ‑‑Neveselbert (talk · contribs · email) 13:08, 8 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Done, after several false starts Doug butler (talk) 16:30, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

Requested move 8 September 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) – Material  Works  17:17, 15 September 2023 (UTC)

B.B. King → B. B. King – It is acknowledged that most references to this musician style his name as "BB King" or "B.B. King" but not by such an overwhelming majority as to demand overriding the Manual of Style (MOS:SPACEINITS), which is quite clear on the subject, citing as an example J. R. R. Tolkien. As two examples of the requested style, see Donald Clarke Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music 1998 (Second edition), and the interpretive sign "A Guitar Named Lucille" (Commons file /Twist AR BB king Marker 1.jpg) Doug butler (talk) 16:10, 8 September 2023 (UTC) Doug butler (talk) 16:09, 8 September 2023 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Support per nom and MOS:SPACEINITS. ‑‑Neveselbert (talk · contribs · email) 18:13, 8 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Support. This is a formatting issue. Rreagan007 (talk) 19:14, 8 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Support This has always bugged me.  GenQuest  "scribble" 02:39, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Support. This is not a case like CCH Pounder where the subject has publicly insisted in a particular rendering.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  00:54, 12 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:B. B. King