text:
Talk:Battle metal

Battle metal? Does this term even exist? And what has Bathory got in common with Manowar? Manowar is definately not Black metal, they are more in the Power or Heavy Metal genre. Isn't Folk or Viking metal more appropriate titles for this article? Shandolad 16:02, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I agree that this genre is not well-defined enough to include it. Naming a genre after a one-year-old debut album of a new band is pretty silly. It would make much more sense to put Turisas in with other black/power crossover bands with folk influences, like Kalmah, Finntroll, Bal-Sagoth, Skyfire, Norther etcetera. Those bands also have a bigger reputation as leaders of their genre than Turisas.

Especially Bal-Sagoth bears a lot of resemblance to Turisas, so if there is such a genre as 'battle metal' Bal-Sagoth should be named as pioneering it instead of this relatively newfound band.

ROTFL
Battle Metal? Such thing don't exist.

Yeah, no shit. Look at half the metal subgenre articles, the same bands will appear in multiple articles for the same material. Metal genre-snobs are worse than fucking techno snobs.

 * And what do you propose? Do you have any ideas as to how that could be helped? Shandolad 11:27, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Somebody keeps merging war metal and battle metal. As far as I am concerned, "battle metal" doesn't even exist; but the definition of it here is as far removed from war metal as possible. Children with no knowledge of metal should not be allowed to dictate what these articles say. (EDIT) Well, it appears now war metal merges with black metal. That's certainly much closer than "battle metal".

The first time I heard the term Battle Metal was on the Back of a Bal-Sagoth T-shirt, I think it was just after the release of Battle Magic back in 1998. Bal-Sagoth are definatley poineers of their own sound and anyone who follows suit should be classified as Battle Metal (Turisas). I think its a small but slowley growing scene that deserves a place in Wiki.

 * That may be, but it needs to be better defined if it is to be included. I don't think that anything that is a sub-genre of black metal could be "cloesly related" to epic metal. As is, the article reads as though it was written by someone who knows little about sub-genres of metal and/or inexpeirenced. I wouldn't believe anything I read in it because of this.24.240.19.71 02:11, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think the constant talk about "Battle Metal" not existing actually proves the point, that on some level it does. It might not be worth to try to put it out here as genre of it's own - as it hasn't been very well defined anywhere - but more as a sidenote, that the term "Battle Metal" has been connected with a number of bands. I agree that Bal-Sagoth should definetly be mentioned - as should Manowar, but more as what Black Sabbath etc. is to metal/black metal than as founders. The ones who really launched the term was Turisas with their debut, on which Metal Hammer later picked up and started tagging bands -almost randomly - Battle Metal. None of us might consider Battle Metal as a genre, but that doesn't still say that it should be removed, specially because of the term still being widely known.

Merging with Epic Metal
I've edited (anonimously, 82.58.106.137, forgot to login) the Epic Metal article and moved the merging tag to the subsection about battle metal: lots of the Epic Metal bands don't have anything in common with Battle Metal, and a merge in this direction does not make any sense.

Maybe there could be a merging of the Battle Metal article in the Epic Metal one, in its own section: I don't listen to Black Metal, so I don't really know how close the two subgenres are. Or the Battle Metal section in the Epic Metal article could be changed to a line like "Influences from this genre and Black metal gave birth to Battle metal." and move the text in here.

Valhalla 15:40, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle metal


text:
Barred straw

The barred straw (Eulithis pyraliata) is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is sometimes placed in the genus Gandaritis. It is found throughout the Palearctic region, including Britain and Ireland, and also the Near East.

The wingspan is 33–38 mm. The forewings are bright yellow with two narrow brown fascia. The hindwings are cream coloured but are rarely seen due to the characteristic resting position (see spinach moth).The larva is naked, green with two narrow white dorsal stripes.

The species flies at night from June to August and is attracted to light. The larva feeds on bedstraw. The species overwinters as an egg.

 * 1)  The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Barred straw


text:
User:SimonBrooke

Who am I
I am Simon Brooke, of Auchencairn in Galloway. I was born in 1955 and at the time of writing am 49. By trade I am a computer programmer, and have been for twenty years. It used to be the case that if you searched the Internet for Simon Brooke you would only find me, but now there are a few others out there.

My home page is here; on it you can find valid up-to-date contact information if you should need it.

What I know about

 * History, particularly the history of Galloway

 * Software, particularly Web technology and XML

 * Sailing boats

Other than that I have strong opinions on pretty much anything under the sun, but am not particularly knowledgeable.

title: User:SimonBrooke


text: User:Plattopus

title: User:Plattopus


text:
User talk:212.219.243.146

October 2022
Hello, I'm ButterCashier. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Christopher Scarver have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse or the Help desk. Thanks. ButterCashier (talk) 08:59, 7 October 2022 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Christopher Scarver. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism may result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. ButterCashier (talk) 09:02, 7 October 2022 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Shoe, you may be blocked from editing. GabberFlasted (talk) 12:51, 18 October 2022 (UTC)

December 2022
Hello, I'm Allthefoxes. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions—specifically this edit to List of One Piece characters—because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse or the Help desk. Thanks. --allthefoxes (Talk) 09:51, 5 December 2022 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Sport in the United Kingdom, you may be blocked from editing. David Biddulph (talk) 15:41, 9 December 2022 (UTC)

January 2023
Hello. This is a message to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions, such as the edit(s) you made to Religion in Istanbul, did not appear to be constructive and have been reverted. Please take some time to familiarise yourself with our policies and guidelines. You can find information about these at our welcome page which also provides further information about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. If you only meant to make test edits, please use the sandbox for that. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you may leave a message on my talk page. Thank you. Wikipedialuva (talk) 14:03, 18 January 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:212.219.243.146


text:
Talk:Raptor heavy fighter

Was the Raptor really used in the Enyo Engagement? I believe to recall it was used in the McAuliffe Engagement according the the "Voices Of War" manual from "Wing Commander: Armada" not the Enyo Engagement. I'm not sure if this a discordance between "Voices Of War" and the cited "Claw Marks" anyway since I don't have a copy of the latter to check out. Anyone can shed some light? Berserker79 16:06, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Claw Marks, the manual of WC1 says that Raptors, specially configured to carry extra mines, were used in the Enyo Engagement. However The Victory Streak, one of the manuals of WC3 does not mention the Enyo Engagement, but a similar battle (hostage crisis, same time and confederate victory) is described at McAuliffe. The first major battle, The McAuliffe Engagement (or McAuliffe Ambush), is mentioned in both manuals; however the outcome in Claw Marks is that the Kilrathi retreat despite having obliterated the Confederation forces, the outcome in Victory Streak is that the Kilrathi land troops and occupy McAuliffe. Enyo and McAuliffe are definitely not the same system, they are different systems in the WC1 game. It seems that Origin must have changed the history surrounding McAuliffe somewhat. Sjakkalle 07:20, 16 Mar 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Raptor heavy fighter


text: User talk:80.100.67.174

title: User talk:80.100.67.174


text:
Talk:Doug Holyday

from Vfd
On 18 Feb 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. See Votes for deletion/Doug Holyday for a record of the discussion.

NOW arrticle
FYI, the statement about Holyday being nominated as Toronto's worst councillor is tied to the previous sentences. Therefore it doesn't stand on its own but provides context for Holyday's 'voting record'. While the article doesn't specifically call him 'Toronto's worst councillor' it does put him at the top of a top ten list of the worst councillors and labels him as 'Public Enenmy Number One'. IMO that's enough to label him as the worst councillor. EncyclopediaUpdaticus (talk) 23:50, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

That is a matter of opinion from a tabloid, this is not like the academic ranking of Historical rankings of United States Presidents. GoldDragon (talk) 01:59, 29 July 2009 (UTC)
 * You are correct to note that Now Magazine's ranking of the 10 Worst Councillors in Toronto is not an academic listing. This, however, is quite beside the point.  It's a journalistic ranking, and is suitable for inclusion in the article accordingly.  CJCurrie (talk) 04:00, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

 * A tabloid ranking is not suitable for inclusion, period. GoldDragon (talk) 16:04, 29 July 2009 (UTC)
 * NOW Magazine is hardly a tabloid. EncyclopediaUpdaticus (talk) 16:41, 29 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree with GoldDragon so since this is a BLP and we have no consensus for it to remain in I will remove it for the time being. Even if it were to be in the article, since it does not specifically say he's the worst then we certainly should not be synthesizing that conclusion. NOW's claim is really not a notable assessment, more like a smear, it seems to me. May122013 (talk) 04:24, 19 July 2013 (UTC)
 * The NOW claim does seem a bit harsh. It's also 10 years old.  I agree it should be removed.  Richard Apple (talk) 04:40, 19 July 2013 (UTC)

Remove photo
Out of fairness, the photo on this article should be removed. It shows Doug Holyday with Rob Ford, who has received significant negative press over the past year. Again, this is strictly out of fairness to Holyday. Magnolia677 (talk) 05:44, 4 July 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 one external links on Doug Holyday. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110719115234/http://www.insidetoronto.com/article/71411 to http://www.insidetoronto.com/article/71411
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121106212037/http://www2.canada.com/business/story.html?id=1726873 to http://www.canada.com/Business/story.html?id=1726873
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101026084116/http://election.toronto.ca/epr/textlist.html to http://election.toronto.ca/epr/textlist.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110607042449/http://www.toronto.ca/vote2006/results/officialdeclaration.pdf to http://www.toronto.ca/vote2006/results/officialdeclaration.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:56, 16 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Doug Holyday


text:
Talk:Carrie Nuttall

from Vfd
On 18 Feb 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. See Votes for deletion/Carrie Nuttall for a record of the discussion.

Expansion
This article was voted on, and avoided deletion. In one of the votes, a voter mentioned that Carrie Nuttall published a book, though this article does not yet mention it. Perhaps a re-vote should be considered? Jimcripps 01:31, 19 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Five years after the fact, I agree with the above writer. Other than marrying a rock star, what real fame or notability does she have? 68.225.171.64 (talk) 18:21, 8 July 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Carrie Nuttall. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120425064436/http://www.carrienuttall.com/rhythm_light_1_rev.html to http://www.carrienuttall.com/rhythm_light_1_rev.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:24, 16 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Carrie Nuttall. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070910205448/http://www.rounderbooks.com/authors/archives/2005/02/carrie_nuttall.html to http://www.rounderbooks.com/authors/archives/2005/02/carrie_nuttall.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:52, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carrie Nuttall


text:
Aulochrome

The aulochrome is a woodwind instrument invented by Belgian François Louis and first prototyped in 1999. It consists of two soprano saxophones that can be played either separately or together. The name comes from Greek aulos (name of the most important ancient Greek musical instrument) and chrome (for chromatic and colored). The first user of this instrument was saxophonist Fabrizio Cassol, and Joe Lovano has recently recorded with it as well. Composer Philippe Boesmans wrote a work for aulochrome and orchestra, Fanfare III, which was premiered in 2002 by Cassol and conductor Sylvain Cambreling.

title: Aulochrome


text:
Talk:Charles Hardwicke

from Vfd
On 18 Feb 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. See Votes for deletion/Charles Hardwicke for a record of the discussion.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Charles Hardwicke. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090930195437/http://www.launcestonhistory.org.au/2004/hardwicke.htm to http://launcestonhistory.org.au/2004/hardwicke.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:23, 20 November 2016 (UTC)

Edits removed from article and transferred to talk page
Moved by --Ykraps (talk) 10:15, 31 January 2018 (UTC)

I can't see how Surgeon John Harris had access to Sarah Chapman from the middle of 1801 when Elizabeth Chapman was conceived & born on the 19 April 1802 in Sydney. The "Nile' departed Spithead on 21st June 1801, & arrived in Sydney on the 14 December 1801. Surgeon John Harris was busy in Sydney according to the Colonial Secretary records index.....http://colsec.records.nsw.gov.au/h/F24c_har-haz-05.htm#P2453_67854 " HARRIS, John. Surgeon and landholder Arrived per "Surprise" in 1790 as a surgeon's mate in the New South Wales Corps; he received a grant at Parramatta in 1793 and 1798 built Experimental Farm Cottage on James Ruse's farm which he had purchased; he was appointed magistrate in 1800, placed in charge of the Police establishment and in 1801 became Naval Officer; he was dismissed from public office on a number of occasions but was generally reinstated; in 1809 he travelled to England to give evidence at Major Johnston's Court Martial and returned to the Colony per "General Hewitt" as a private settler in 1814; he became a director of the Bank of New South Wales in 1817 and was involved with a number of committees; he was surgeon on Oxley's expedition to Bathurst in 1819 and was appointed a magistrate again in the same year. 1800 Sep 29 Surgeon, New South Wales Corps. Appointed Magistrate for County of Cumberland (Reel 6037; SZ987 p.2) 1801 Jun 9 To accompany Lieutenant Grant on survey and examination of Hunter River (Reel 6037; SZ988 pp.25-6) 1801 Jul 27 Appointed Naval Officer in absence of William Balmain (Reel 6037; SZ988 p.50) 1801 Sep 7 Acting Magistrate at Sydney (Reel 6037; SZ988 p.63) 1801 Dec 26; 1802 Jan 5 Appointed to serve on Court Martial as Deputy Judge Advocate (Reel 6037; SZ988 pp.100, 106) 1802 Feb 1, Mar 29 Appointed to serve on Court Martial as Deputy Judge Advocate (Reel 6037; SZ989 pp.6, 29) 1802 Apr 10 Particulars of arms in possession of (Reel 6041; 4/1719 p.82) 1802 Aug 7 Appointed Deputy Judge Advocate on Court Martial (Reel 6037; SZ990 p .8) 1802 Sep 20 Re entry of "Surprize" into Port Jackson for repairs; stating conditions for permission to engage in sealing off coast of New Holland (Reel 6041; 4/1719 pp.129-30) 1802 c.Oct Signatory to petition of Michael Robinson for cancellation of sentence (Reel 6040; SZ997 p.30) 1802 Oct 9 Not permitted to engage in occupations inconsistent with his military duties (Reel 6037; SZ990 pp.26-7) 1802 Oct 13-1803 Mar 11 Re his court martial (Reel 6037; SZ990 pp.31, 96, 104) 1802 Oct 16 Replaced as a Magistrate and as Naval Officer and appointed Receiver of Fees, Fines, etc (Reel 6037; SZ990 pp.34-5) 1803 Nov 5 Given Sydney allotment lease by Governor King (Fiche 3309; 4/7186.1 p.2) "

Posted in article space by User:Colinbm1

title: Talk:Charles Hardwicke


text:
Talk:Charles Christopher Parry

Link
The book:"King of Colorado Botany-Charles Christopher Parry" written by William Alfred Weber is no longer available at the webside of University Press of Colorado. The Link should be deleted? May be imported to a library link? --Geoltwolks (talk) 14:27, 15 August 2011 (UTC)

The bot replaced it with an archived page. Dgndenver (talk) 20:54, 2 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charles Christopher Parry


text:
Sukošan

Sukošan is a village and a municipality in Zadar County, Croatia. It is located along the Adriatic tourism road between Zadar and Biograd na Moru.

Population
In the 2011 Croatian census, there were a total of 4,583 inhabitants in the municipality, in the following settlements:
 * Debeljak, population 919
 * Glavica, population 185
 * Gorica, population 671
 * Sukošan, population 2,808

The majority of the population are Croats.

Geography
Sukošan is a holiday resort, with a spacious and cultivated long coastline, numerous coves and clean clear sea.

Situated in a bay, Sukošan has few sand beaches. The town itself offers nice walks through the traditional narrow alleys.

Known as a nautical center, Sukošan is a site of Zlatna luka Marina, the Tustica Nature Complex, pebble beaches, camping sites, distinguished buildings, olive groves, and vineyards.

Culture
Sukošan cherishes the old customs. They are linked to the feast of St. Kasijan, the patron saint of Sukosan (13 August). The Nights of Sukosan is another event offering entertainment. During the carnival season, "luzari", masques typical only of Sukosan, represent a special attraction.

Due to its numerous restaurants and taverns, Sukošan is known as a place of drinking wine and singing.

History
The parish church of St. Kasijan, erected probably in the eleventh century (fragments with pleter motifs - interlacery ornamentation), assumed its present aspect in the seventeenth century. It tends to be open for special occasions, such as August thirteenth, the feast of St Kasijan.

A small church from the seventeenth century rises on the graveyard. Fragments with "pleter" (interlacery ornaments) are incorporated in its door-posts and on the front.

The ruins of the fifteenth-century summer villa of the archbishops of Zadar can be seen on an islet in the bay. The earth utilized to form the base of the villa was dredged from the neighborhood Punta, forming a festering tidal pool, known as Lake Sukošan, or Sukošan Jezero.

The ruins of the mediaeval fortress erected by the counts of Bribir rise on Cape Bribircina.

Economy
Chief occupations include farming, viniculture, olive growing, fruit growing and tourism.

Food
In Sukošan, there is a large variety of restaurants. Seafood, such as fried calamari and mussels, is one of the most common meals in the village.

title: Sukošan


text:
Lagalla (crater)

Lagalla is the remnant of a lunar impact crater. Wilhelm partly overlies the northeastern rim, and Montanari is attached to the southeast. The remainder of the rim is heavily eroded, with small craters overlaying sections along most of the sides. The rim is nearly nonexistent to the south, and the most intact portion is along the northwest. Lagalla F, an irregular satellite crater, is attached to the western rim. The interior floor is uneven and relatively featureless.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Lagalla.

title: Lagalla (crater)


text:
Minimal realization

In control theory, given any transfer function, any state-space model that is both controllable and observable and has the same input-output behaviour as the transfer function is said to be a minimal realization of the transfer function. The realization is called "minimal" because it describes the system with the minimum number of states.

The minimum number of state variables required to describe a system equals the order of the differential equation; more state variables than the minimum can be defined. For example, a second order system can be defined by two or more state variables, with two being the minimal realization.

Gilbert's realization
Given a matrix transfer function, it is possible to directly construct a minimal state-space realization by using Gilbert's method (also known as Gilbert's realization).

title: Minimal realization


text:
Category:Bowls

This category organizes articles relating to the sports of Bowls.

title: Category:Bowls


text:
Rhode Island Route 14

Route 14 is a numbered state highway in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It runs approximately 23 mi from Connecticut routes 14 and 14A at the border with Sterling, Connecticut, to Route 6 in Providence.

Route description
Route 14 starts at the Connecticut border at an intersection with Connecticut routes 14 and 14A. It runs northeast past the northern terminus of Route 117, and then turns north at an intersection with Rhode Island Route 102. It runs concurrent with Route 102 for a while, and crosses two arms of the Scituate Reservoir on causeways. Route 14 continues east and intersects I-295 at exit 4, then continues towards downtown Providence before ending at the US 6 expressway near the Huntington Expressway.

History
Route 14 roughly follows the historic Providence and Norwich Turnpike, later renamed to "Plainfield Pike." The only deviation from the original road occurs in Scituate, where approximately 1.5 mi of original route have been bypassed. Half of this bypassed road is currently submerged under the Scituate Reservoir. Known as "Old Plainfield Pike," the bypassed section can still driven by car from its starting point at Route 102 to Route 12. Beyond Route 12, the original road continues as a paved path. This path extends for approximately .25 miles until reaching the Scituate Reservoir, where it remains underwater for approximately a mile. Emerging on the northeast side of the Reservoir, the path continues for 0.25 miles before rejoining Route 14. The pavement between Route 12 and the Reservoir, and between the Reservoir and Route 14 on the northeast side, is believed to be original from before the Reservoir was created.

title: Rhode Island Route 14


text:
Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen

Baron Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen (20 February 1880 – 5 November 1923) was a French novelist and poet. His life forms the basis of a fictionalised 1959 novel by Roger Peyrefitte entitled The Exile of Capri (L'exilé de Capri).

In 1903, a scandal involving school pupils made d'Adelswärd persona non grata in the salons of Paris and dashed his marriage plans. For much of the rest of his life, he took up residence on Capri in self-imposed exile with his long-time lover, Nino Cesarini. He became a "character" on the island in the inter-war years, featuring in novels by Compton MacKenzie and others. His house, Villa Lysis, remains one of Capri's tourist attractions.

Early life
He was born in Paris, France as Jacques d'Adelswärd on 20 February 1880, son of Axel d'Adelswärd and Louise-Emilie Alexandrine d'Adelswärd (née Vührer; 1855–1935), who came from Catholic Alsatian family. As he was related on his paternal side to Axel von Fersen, a Swedish count who had had a supposed relationship with Marie Antoinette, d'Adelswärd took on the name Fersen later in his life to advertise his link with his distant relative. On his father's side, his family can be traced back to Baron Georges Axel d'Adelswärd, a Swedish officer who was captured by the French in 1793 and imprisoned in Longwy. There, he married the daughter of the French notary Bernard. D'Adelswärd's grandfather, Renauld-Oscar (1811–1898), became a naturalized French citizen in 1832 and married Amélie Steiner in 1843. After serving in the army, he founded the steel industry in Longwy-Briey. D'Adelswärd went to school in Paris and studied briefly there at the École libre des sciences politiques, and afterward at the University of Geneva. D'Adelswärd's maternal grandfather, Thomas Michel Alexandre Vührer (1817–1886), was a referendary at the French Ministry of State, director of Le Paris-Journal as well as founder of the Parisian newspaper Le Soir. D'Adelswärd's father, Axel d'Adelswärd, died from fever in Panama when Jacques was seven years old. He was assigned a guardian, Viscount Elie Marie Audoin de Dampierre (1846–1909), who was a friend of the family. During d'Adelswärd's teenage years, the family spent long summer vacations at his grandfather's estate on Jersey, where d'Adelswärd reportedly had an intimate encounter with a blond Eton schoolboy.

In 1897, d'Adelswärd visited Capri and other parts of Italy with his mother. The family steel furnaces had become profitable enough to make d'Adelswärd a rich and 'eligible' bachelor when he inherited at the age of 22. Apart from joining the military, he traveled extensively and settled down as a writer. He published Chansons légères (1900) and Hymnaire d'Adonis (1902), and other poems and novels. In 1902, he holidayed in Venice, where he associated with the novelist Jean Lorrain. On his return to Paris, he published a novel, Notre Dame des mers mortes.

"Messes noires" scandal
In 1903, d'Adelswärd and his friend, Albert François (Hamelin) de Warren (1881–1928), brother of René de Warren, were rumoured to be holding "entertainments" – tableaux vivants of pupils from the best Parisian schools – in his house at 18 Avenue de Friedland. One of the first alleged "victims" was Eduardo (Bruno) de Warren (1886–1957), brother of Hamelin. D'Adelswärd and Hamelin were arrested on charges of inciting minors to commit debauchery. D'Adelswärd was arrested on 9 July by Octave Hamard, chief of the Paris police, and his deputy Blot by order of Charles de Valles, pretrial judge. The order stated the suspicion of indecent behaviour with minors and offending public decency. He was brought to La Santé Prison after arrest. The newspapers and magazines published alleged details of d'Adelswärd's and Hamelin's orgies, which they called messes noires (Black Masses), in their homes twice a week, with youngsters from the upper classes, mostly recruited from the Lycée Carnot and the Chaptal, Condorcet, Janson-deSailly, and Saint-Joseph-des-Tuileries schools.

According to Peyrefitte, the scandal started with a failed blackmail attempt by d'Adelswärd's former servant, demanding 100,000 francs in return for his silence. D'Adelswärd's mother refused to pay, so he went to the police. At the beginning, the police dismissed the allegations. But the story was later confirmed by another arrested blackmailer who was an intimate acquaintance of Albert François de Warren. Will Ogrinc reported that, after investigating the French National Archives in 2003, he did not come across any documents about the failed blackmail attempt by d'Adelswärd's former valet and that it was probably invented by Peyrefitte. In the court documents, the valet, whose name was Velpry, told investigators about the periodic visits of brothers Croisé de Pourcelet to d'Adelswärd's apartment and that, after one of their visits, he had found obscene photos and handkerchiefs stained with semen on the table. He also claimed that he had let d'Adelswärd's mother know about it and quit his job. Some documents mention that d'Adelswärd was blackmailed by several rent boys with whom he had relations. The dossier mentions the names of six rent boys: Beret, Boscher, twenty-one-year-old Kothé, Lefebvre, nineteen-year-old Leroy, and fifteen-year-old Verguet, though there is no mention as to which of them might have been the blackmailer.

Police started to watch some of the schoolboys, which at first sight confirmed the allegations. Hamelin fled to the United States on 27 June 1903, but d'Adelswärd was arrested. His aunt Jeanne d'Adelswärd and former guardian Viscount Audoin de Dampierre employed Edgar Demange, a lawyer who previously defended Alfred Dreyfus, in his defence.

Trial
The trial started on 28 November 1903 in the Seine Tribunal. It was presided over by Judge Bondoux. It was a closed trial with the public barred from the hearings. Some schoolboys testified for the prosecution. The defence tried to prove d'Adelswärd's heterosexuality by making him testify about his encounters with women. D'Adelswärd and de Warren were found guilty, but having been in prison for five months already d'Adelswärd was set free immediately after the trial. He was also fined 50 francs and lost civil rights for five years. Hamelin stayed in prison and appealed his sentence to a higher court. The "entertainments" had been attended by the cream of Parisian society, including some Catholic priests and the writer Achille Essebac. This could be a factor which may have induced the court to drop some charges. According to Will Ogrinc, the court limited the case to "inciting minors to debauchery" because of illegal conduct between boys and two young men in their twenties, preventing implications against older participants. Many boys did not appear at the interrogations and trial, since they had been sent to the countryside by their parents to avoid embarrassing revelations.

There is no detailed description of the boys' testimony, but Peyrefitte writes of Jean Lorrain's report that, after tableaux vivants, d'Adelswärd followed the boys who had been stimulated by the entertainment to the bathroom and masturbated them.

Failed marriage
The scandal foiled d'Adelswärd's plans to marry Blanche Suzanne Caroline de Maupeou (1884–1951), daughter of the respected aristocratic and wealthy Protestant industrialist Viscount de Maupeou. The court documents mention that one of the blackmail letters was sent to the Viscount prior to the scandal and that Blanche's family was happy to receive the information prior to his arrest and to cancel his marriage plans. After d'Adelswärd's release on 3 December 1903, he tried to visit his fiancée with the intent of explaining the affair, but was sent away by a servant. There were rumours in the press that he tried to end his life, but the accounts in Gazzetta Piemontese and Le Figaro differ.

Construction of Villa Lysis and world travels

After his marriage plans were foiled, d'Adelswärd remembered the island of Capri from his youth, and decided to build a house there. The island had already attracted other homosexual or bisexual visitors, such as Christian Wilhelm Allers, Somerset Maugham, E. F. Benson, Lord Alfred Douglas, Robert Ross, Oscar Wilde, Friedrich Alfred Krupp, Norman Douglas, and Compton and Faith Mackenzie; and attracted many others during d'Adelswärd's stay. He stayed originally at the Grand Hotel Quisisana and then bought land at the top of a hill in the northeast of the island, close to where the Roman emperor Tiberius had built his Villa Jovis two millennia earlier. He commissioned his friend Édouard Chimot to design a villa, initially called Gloriette, but was eventually christened Villa Lysis (later sometimes referred to as Villa Fersen) in reference to Plato's Socratic dialogue Lysis discussing friendship (or, according to modern notions, homosexual love). When the construction started, d'Adelswärd left Capri to visit the Far East. He mostly spent time on Ceylon, where he wrote Lord Lyllian. He returned to Capri in the autumn of 1904, visiting the United States on the way back.

At some point after his return, he had to flee Capri temporarily, since some islanders blamed d'Adelswärd for a local worker's accidental death during the construction of Villa Lysis. He went to Rome, where he met a fourteen-year-old construction worker selling newspapers, Nino Cesarini. D'Adelswärd fell in love with the boy immediately. He obtained Cesarini's family's permission to take him as secretary. In the spring of 1905 d'Adelswärd and Cesarini visited Sicily, where they met with Wilhelm von Gloeden in Taormina.

The construction of the villa was completed in July 1905. Villa Lysis is a notable building. Its style is described by some as "Liberty" but is not Liberty or Art Nouveau in the French manner but may perhaps be described as "Neoclassical decadent". The large garden is connected to the villa by steps leading to an Ionic portico. In the atrium a marble stairway with wrought-iron balustrade leads to the first floor, where there are bedrooms with panoramic terraces, and a dining room. The ground-floor sitting-room, decorated with blue majolica and white ceramic, overlooks the Gulf of Naples. In the basement there is a 'Chinese Room', in which opium was smoked.

D'Adelswärd and Cesarini travelled to Paris, where d'Adelswärd delivered a manuscript to publishers and went directly to Oxford. After returning to Capri, d'Adelswärd, Cesarini and their four boy-servants travelled to China. They all returned to Villa Lysis at the beginning of 1907.

Temporary exile from Capri
D'Adelswärd published his novel about Capri Et le feu s'éteignit sur la mer… ('And the fire was smothered by the sea') in 1909. The novel told the story of young sculptor Gérard Maleine on Capri. The book was highly criticized, since d'Adelswärd wrote quite frivolously about Caprian habits and morals. Some islanders, recognising themselves in the book, tried to prevent its distribution. Roberto Ciuni reports that the Communal Council of Capri decided to pursue d'Adelswärd's expulsion from the island at its formal meeting on 16 September 1909. Villa Lysis and its inhabitants had a nasty reputation among locals. Giorgio Amendola, the future leader of the Italian Communist Party, who lived on Capri when he was an eleven-year-old boy, led a small gang of boys and girls in 1918, and wrote in his autobiography: ""There were forbidden zones we were not supposed to set foot on. For instance, we were told never to draw near a white villa near [Monte] Tiberio, because (…) nasty things were happening there. Later I grasped that Fersen was meant, and his strange friendships. I was eleven years old, and the Caprian boys were of about my age. They knew very well the meaning of all these allusions.""

- Giorgio Amendola

Local authorities used the parties d'Adelswärd threw to celebrate Cesarini's army enlistment and twentieth birthday as an additional reason for expelling him from the island. The parties were held in the Matermània grottos and included theatrical shows with d'Adelswärd playing handsome young Hypatos and Cesarini playing the role of a soldier of Mithra. Fearing the scandal, authorities asked d'Adelswärd's brother-in-law, marquis Alfredo di Bugnano, who was married to d'Adelswärd's sister Germaine, to intervene. The marquis summoned d'Adelswärd to Naples and presented him with two options – either to leave Italy voluntarily or be expelled officially. D'Adelswärd chose to leave. He returned to France in November 1909 and stayed briefly in Paris at 24 rue Eugène Manuel. Cesarini left Capri with d'Adelswärd.

The couple did not stay in Paris for long. They left for Porquerolles on the Îles d'Hyères near Toulon, and later moved to Villa Mezzomonte in Nice. D'Adelswärd also travelled to the Far East again, returning in early 1911. Cesarini was discharged from military service in September 1911 and d'Adelswärd took him on a trip through the Mediterranean to the Far East. They returned to Nice at the end of Spring 1912.

D'Adelswärd acquired permission to return to Capri in April 1913. He dedicated the poem, Ode à la Terre promise ('Ode to the Promised Land') to the Italian Prime Minister Luigi Luzzatti as a celebration of his return.

Later life

When war broke out in 1914, d'Adelswärd was asked to report for military service by the French authorities. He was found unfit for service by specialists in the French consulate in Naples and sent to a hospital for opium addiction. It was reported that he secretly used cocaine while in hospital to compensate for opium. At that time he met Italian sculptor Vincenzo Gemito. After d'Adelswärd came back to Capri, doctors declared him incurably ill. He mostly spent his days without leaving the villa, either working in his study or using opium in the smoking room, which was called his Opiarium by the Naples newspaper Il Mattino.

In 1920, d'Adelswärd met fifteen-year-old Corrado Annicelli, son of a notary from Sorrento, who came for a vacation to Capri with his parents.

He spent the rest of his life based in Capri, and died there in 1923 – allegedly by suicide achieved through drinking a cocktail of champagne and cocaine. His ashes are conserved in the non-Catholic cemetery of Capri. His lover, Nino Cesarini, returned to Rome.

Lord Lyllian
Lord Lyllian, published in 1905, is one of d'Adelswärd's more important novels, satirizing the scandal around himself in Paris, with touches of the Oscar Wilde affair thrown in for good measure. The hero, Lord Lyllian, departs on a wild odyssey of sexual debauchery, is seduced by a character who seems awfully similar to Oscar Wilde, falls in love with girls and boys, and is finally killed by a boy. The public outcry about the supposed Black Masses is also caricatured. The work is an audacious mix of fact and fiction, including four characters that are alter egos of d'Adelswärd himself.

Lord Lyllian was translated and first published in English in 2005.

Akademos revue
''Akademos. Revue Mensuelle d'Art Libre et de Critique'' (1909) was d'Adelswärd's short-lived attempt at publishing a monthly literary journal. It was a periodical of a luxurious kind, each issue printed on several sorts of deluxe paper, with contributions by well-known authors, like Colette, Henry Gauthier-Villars, Laurent Tailhade, Josephin Peladan, Marcel Boulestin, Maxim Gorky, Georges Eekhoud, Achille Essebac, Claude Farrère, Anatole France, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Henri Barbusse, Jean Moréas and Arthur Symons.

In each issue, as is clear from d'Adelswärd's letters to Georges Eekhoud, a homosexual element was carefully introduced: a poem, an article, or a hint in the magazine's serial Les Fréquentations de Maurice by Boulestin. As a magazine with homosexual agenda it was the first of its kind in the French language, although only about 10% of Akademos may be counted as homosexual. In its 'gay' content it trod similar ground to that of the German journal, Der Eigene, published between 1896 and 1931 by Adolf Brand. This is not a coincidence, as d'Adelswärd studied the German publications that tried to push for the social acceptance of homosexuality before launching Akademos. Also he corresponded with Brand and Magnus Hirschfeld.

Akademos lasted only one year—there were twelve monthly issues, amounting to some 2,000 pages. Perhaps its production costs were too great; but in a letter to Eekhoud, d'Adelswärd complained of the lack of interest of the press and the public; and a general hostility from press or society cannot be ruled out.

Books by Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen

 * Conte d'amour (1898), poetry
 * Chansons légères (1900), collection of poetry
 * Musique sur tes lèvres (Ebauches et Débauches) (1901)
 * L'Hymnaire d'Adonis: à la façon de M. le marquis de Sade (1902)
 * Notre-Dame des mers mortes (Venise) (1902)
 * Les cortèges qui sont passés (1903)
 * L'Amour enseveli: poèmes (1904)
 * Lord Lyllian (1905), novel (republished Montpellier (France) QuestionDeGenre/GKC, 2011 with a preface by Jean de Palacio and postface by Jean-Claude Féray)
 * Ainsi chantait Marsyas... (1907)
 * Une jeunesse (1907)
 * Le baiser de Narcisse (1907), novel (republished in 1912 with illustrations by Ernest Brisset)
 * Et le feu s'éteignit sur la mer (1909)
 * Hei Hsiang (Le parfum noir) (1921)

Biographical

 * Jacques Perot: Le destin français d'une famille suédoise: les barons Adelswärd (Bulletin du musée Bernadotte, no. 26, 1986), pp. 13-29.
 * Patrick Cardon, ed: Dossier Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen (1993, Lille, Cahiers Gay-Kitsch-Camp).
 * Norman Douglas: Looking Back: An Autobiographical Excursion (1933), pp. 358-366.
 * Wolfram Setz, ed: Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen – Dandy und Poet (2006, Bibliothek Rosa Winkel). ISBN 3-935596-38-3
 * James Money: Capri: Island of Pleasure (1986).
 * Robert Aldrich: The Seduction of the Mediterranean (1996, Routledge), pp. 124-130 and 243-244. ISBN 0-415-09312-0
 * Viveka Adelswärd: "Alltför adlig, alltför rik, alltför lättjefull - Jacques d'Adelswärd Fersen" (2014, Carlssons), pp. 1-201. ISBN 978 91 7331 647 7
 * Gianpaolo Furgiuele: Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen. Persona non grata (2015, Lille-Paris, Ed. Laborintus). ISBN 979-10-94464-06-9
 * Jamie James: Pagan Light: Dreams of Freedom and Beauty in Capri (2019, Farrar, Straus and Giroux). ISBN 9780374142766

Fictionalized

 * Edwin Cerio: Il Marchese di Pommery, c. 1927
 * Alfred Jarry: La Chandelle verte, 1969
 * Compton Mackenzie: Vestal Fire, 1927
 * Edward Prime-Stevenson: Out of the Sun, 1913
 * Roger Peyrefitte: L'Exilé de Capri, 1959

Film

 * Capri – Musik die sich entfernt, oder: Die seltsame Reise des Cyrill K. , 1983. — Made-for-TV movie directed by Ferry Radax for the WDR featuring d'Adelswärd-Fersen, Nino Cesarini, and other historical Capri celebrities.
 * Music video of soprano Nicole Renaud singing d'Adelswärd-Fersen's poem, Mon cœur est un bouquet, shot in super 8 film at Villa Lysis, Capri, by Karine Laval.

Music

 * The lyrics of the song Les amants solitaires by French soprano Nicole Renaud consist of four poems by d'Adelswärd-Fersen.

Digitized books

 * Scans of books by d'Adelswärd-Fersen at Gallica digital library
 * The premiere issue of Akademos
 * Issues #7 through #12 of Akademos at Gallica digital library

title: Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen


text:
User:Rdsmith4/talk header

Archives: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 Leave me a message on this page. If it's urgent or private, send an e-mail instead.

title: User:Rdsmith4/talk header


text:
De Finetti diagram

A de Finetti diagram is a ternary plot used in population genetics. It is named after the Italian statistician Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985) and is used to graph the genotype frequencies of populations, where there are two alleles and the population is diploid. It is based on an equilateral triangle, and Viviani's theorem: the sum of the perpendicular distances from any interior point to the sides of said triangle is a constant equal to the length of the triangle's altitude.

Applications in genetics
The de Finetti diagram is used extensively in A.W.F. Edwards' book Foundations of Mathematical Genetics. The sum of the lengths, representing allele frequencies, is set to be 1. In its simplest form the diagram can be used to show the range of genotype frequencies for which Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is satisfied (the curve within the diagram). A. W. F. Edwards and Chris Cannings extended its use to demonstrate the changes that occur in allele frequencies under natural selection.

title: De Finetti diagram


text: Category:Odense

title: Category:Odense


text:
Dysphania ambrosioides

Dysphania ambrosioides, formerly Chenopodium ambrosioides, known as Jesuit's tea, Mexican tea or wormseed, is an annual or short-lived perennial herb native to the Americas.

Growth
Dysphania ambrosioides is an annual or short-lived perennial plant (herb), growing to 1.2 m tall, irregularly branched, with oblong-lanceolate leaves up to 12 cm long. The flowers are small and green, produced in a branched panicle at the apex of the stem.

As well as in its native areas, it is grown in warm temperate to subtropical areas of Europe and the United States (Missouri, New England, Eastern United States), sometimes becoming an invasive weed.

Taxonomy
The species was described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus as Chenopodium ambrosioides. Some researchers treated it as a highly polymorphic species with several subspecies. Today these are considered as their own species within genus Dysphania (e.g. American wormseed, Chenopodium ambrosioides var. anthelminticum is now accepted as Dysphania anthelmintica).

The generic name Dysphania was traditionally applied in the 1930s to some species endemic to Australia. Placement and rank of this taxon have ranged from a mere section within Chenopodium to the sole genus of a separate family, Dysphaniaceae, or a representative of the Illicebraceae. The close affinity of Dysphania to "glandular" species of Chenopodium sensu lato is now evident.

The specific epithet ambrosioides refers to the plant's resemblance to unrelated plants of the genus Ambrosia, in the aster family.

Etymology
The common Spanish name epazote (sometimes spelled and pronounced ipasote or ypasote) is derived from the Nahuatl word epazōtl.

Culinary uses
Ideally collected before going to seed, D. ambrosioides is used as a leaf vegetable, herb, and herbal tea for its pungent flavor. Raw, it has a resinous, medicinal pungency, similar to oregano, anise, fennel, or even tarragon, but stronger. The fragrance of D. ambrosioides is strong and unique. A common analogy is to turpentine or creosote. It has also been compared to citrus, savory, and mint.

Although it is traditionally used with black beans for flavor and its antiflatulent properties, it is also sometimes used to flavor other traditional Mexican dishes: it can be used to season quesadillas and sopes (especially those containing huitlacoche), soups, mole de olla, tamales with cheese and chili peppers, chilaquiles, eggs and potatoes, and enchiladas. It is often used as an herb in fried white rice, and it is an important ingredient for making the green salsa for chilaquiles.

Toxicity
Humans have died from overdoses of D. ambrosioides essential oils (attributed to the ascaridole content). Symptoms include severe gastroenteritis with pain, vomiting, and diarrhea., dizziness, headache, temporary deafness, kidney and liver damage, convulsions, paralysis, death.

Agricultural use
The essential oils of D. ambrosioides contain terpene compounds, some of which have natural pesticide capabilities. The compound ascaridole in epazote inhibits the growth of nearby species, so it is best to grow it at a distance from other plants.

Companion plant
Dysphania ambrosioides not only contains terpene compounds, but it also delivers partial protection to nearby plants simply by masking their scent to some insects, making it a useful companion plant. Its small flowers may also attract some predatory wasps and flies.

Chemical constituents

Epazote essential oil contains ascaridole (up to 70%), limonene, p-cymene, and smaller amounts of numerous other monoterpenes and monoterpene derivatives (α-pinene, myrcene, terpinene, thymol, camphor and trans-isocarveol). Ascaridole (1,4-peroxido-p-menth-2-ene) is rather an uncommon constituent of spices; another plant owing much of its character to this monoterpene peroxide is boldo. Ascaridole is slightly toxic and has a pungent, not very pleasant flavor. In pure form, ascaridole decomposes violently upon heating, but this is relatively weak in regards to energy release, since breaking the oxygen bond will not destroy the entire molecule. Ascaridole content is lower in epazote from Mexico than in epazote grown in Europe or Asia.

title: Dysphania ambrosioides


text:
Vadim Yefremovich

Vadim Arsenyevich Yefremovich (or Efremovich) (Вади́м Арсе́ньевич Ефре́мович; 16 October 1903 – 1 May 1989) was a Soviet mathematician.

Yefremovich was a member of the Moscow Topological School and specialized in the geometric aspects of general topology. He introduced the notion of proximity spaces at the First International Topological Conference in Moscow in 1935. He was imprisoned from 1937 to 1944, and did not publish on proximity spaces until 1951, at which point the theory was developed rapidly by Efremovič and associates.

Yefremovich also introduced the notion of "volume invariants" for "equimorphisms" (that is, uniformly bicontinuous) on metric spaces. These have proven to be very important in the study of manifolds and hyperbolic geometry.

title: Vadim Yefremovich


text: Category:Bowls players

title: Category:Bowls players


text:
Torres Vedras

Torres Vedras is a municipality in the Portuguese district of Lisbon, approximately 40 km north of the capital Lisbon. It is part of the intermunicipal community Oeste and the region Oeste e Vale do Tejo. The population was 83,075, in an area of 407.15 km2.

History
In 1148, Afonso I took the town of Torres Vedras from the Moors, in the then region of Estremadura, an area encircled by gentle hills and valleys. Situated in the former district of Lisbon, Torres Vedras is a strong agricultural region linked with its vineyards and intense commercial and industrial life, resulting in a dynamic pole in the western subregion of Portugal. King Afonso III conceded a foral (charter) in 1250, which was later confirmed by King Manuel I in 1510. This latter decree conferred on the town many of the municipal privileges that it held for 729 years.

While travelling through this district, King Afonso III and Queen Beatrice, ordered the construction of a municipal hall, alongside the ancient castle (which today no longer exists). For his part, King Denis, his successor, was captivated by local Gracia Frois, fathering an illegitimate son, who would go on to be Count of Barcelos.

Later, the municipality was donated to the Queens of the realm, and in particular, under the Aviz dynasty, the Infanta Eleonor (daughter of King Edward and Queen Eleanor), who would later marry Frederick III of Germany, was born in Torres Vedras (18 September 1434).

Torres Vedras continued to be a place of importance: in 1413, King John I met with his council after legitimizing his expedition to Ceuta (marking the beginning of Portuguese maritime expansion); the Regent Peter, convened the Cortes in 1411, to deliberate over the wedding of his daughter Isabel with his nephew Afonso; and the place where King John II received the ambassadors of the Kingdom of Naples, and later the Republic of Venice, in 1496.

At the same time, intrigues and confrontations were fermented in Torres Vedras by local alcaides, such as in 1384 when the Master of Aviz encircled the town in order to force the Castilian alcalde Juan Duque to surrender. It was for the same reason, that King John IV was forced to take city in 1640, when the Portuguese alcaide João Soares de Alarcão, aligned himself with the Philippine monarchs.

In comparison, the loyalty and sympathies of the Portuguese of the region were tested with the French invasions of the Peninsular Wars (1808–1810). Anticipating the final defeat of the French, General Delaborde's forces were defeated on 21 August 1808, at the battles of Roliça and Vimeiro, by the Anglo-Portuguese Army that had landed at Porto Novo. Junot, who had installed himself in the town, signed a truce and left the town, retreating towards Lisbon, but not before sacking the churches and convents along the way.

Arthur Wellesley, later the Duke of Wellington and Marquess of Torres Vedras, would begin the construction (1809–1810) of the Lines of Torres Vedras that would extend to the sea. This fortified system, which included 152 forts and 628 redoubts, was marked by the Fort of São Vicente, in Torres Vedras. Ironically, the fort only saw battle after the French were removed from Portugal, when Cabralist forces (those supporting politician Costa Cabral) under the Duke of Saldanha, evicted Setembrist forces of the Count of Bonfim.

Over 10,000 troops were involved in the bloody Battle of Torres Vedras, which resulted in the surrender of the Count's forces on 23 December 1846. The deaths of 400 men and 500 wounded, that included Lieutenant-Colonel Luís Mouzinho de Albuquerque, a liberal officer who disembarked in Mindelo and was later buried in the Church of São Pedro.

Following much of its history in battle, Torres Vedras lapsed into years of progress and development, supported by the expansion of the rail-lines in 1886, the installation of the electrical grid in 1912, and finally the canalization of waters to the town by 1926. These changes helped support a growth, construction of new barrios and roadways, resulting in the town's reclassification as a city in 1979.

Geography
Fronting the Atlantic Ocean, Torre Vedres is bordered by the municipalities of Lourinhã (to the north), Alenquer (to the east), Sobral de Monte Agraço (to the southeast) and Mafra (to the south). A dispersed population, Torres Vedras includes 21 urban agglomerations, of which most have less than 200 inhabitants. Altogether the municipality has a population of 79,465.

The municipality covers an area of 407.15 km2. Administratively, the municipality is divided into 13 civil parishes (freguesias):

 * A dos Cunhados e Maceira
 * Campelos e Outeiro da Cabeça
 * Carvoeira e Carmões
 * Dois Portos e Runa
 * Freiria
 * Maxial e Monte Redondo
 * Ponte do Rol
 * Ramalhal
 * São Pedro da Cadeira
 * Torres Vedras (São Pedro e Santiago e Santa Maria do Castelo e São Miguel) e Matacães
 * Silveira
 * Turcifal
 * Ventosa

The resident population of the city of Torres Vedras (approximately 20,000 inhabitants in two largest urban parishes) represents about 25% of the population of the municipality.

Climate
Torres Vedras has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate with mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers.

Economy and tourism
In 2011, Torres Vedras received the QualityCoast Gold Award for its efforts to become a sustainable tourist destination, and was selected for inclusion in the global atlas for sustainable tourism DestiNet.

The Leonel Trindade Municipal Museum is an archaeological and historical museum in the town, located in a former convent (Convento da Graça) on the southern edge of the city centre. In addition to an extensive archaeological section dating back to late- Palaeolithic times, the museum contains works of art from local churches as well as an exhibition relating to the Lines of Torres Vedras. Much of the archaeological collection comes from the Chalcolithic, fortified settlement known as the Castro of Zambujal (3rd millennium BC) and from the Tholos do Barro, a Chalcolithic tomb, both of which are in the municipality.

Sport
The local professional football team is S.C.U. Torreense which plays at the Manuel Marques Stadium.

Notable People

 * Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress (1434–1467) an infanta (princess), daughter of King Edward of Portugal & Empress of the Holy Roman Empire
 * Lopo Soares de Albergaria (c.1460 – c.1520) the third Governor of Portuguese India
 * Cristóvão Ferreira (c.1580–1650) a priest and Jesuit missionary who committed apostasy in Japan
 * Luís da Silva Mouzinho de Albuquerque (1792–1846) a military officer, poet, scientist and politician
 * Manuel Clemente (born 1948) a prelate of the Catholic Church; the Patriarch of Lisbon since 2013
 * Carlos Miguel (born 1957) a lawyer, politician and Govt. minister of Romani ethnicity
 * Guta Moura Guedes (born 1965) curator, author, journalist and television presenter.
 * Beto (1967–2010) a Portuguese singer; lived in Torres Vedras from aged 17
 * Susana Félix (born 1975) a singer, songwriter, musician, actress and producer.
 * Cristina Ferreira (born 1977), journalist, businesswoman and TV host.
 * Bernardo Blanco (born 1995), politician and Member of Parliament.
 * Lisandro Cuxi (born 1999 in Zambujal) a Portuguese–Cape-Verdean singer-songwriter and dancer.

Sport

 * José Pereira (born 1931) a football goalkeeper with 302 caps with Belenenses and 11 for Portugal
 * Joaquim Agostinho (1942 – 1984) professional bicycle racer
 * Vítor Campos (1944-2019) a footballer with 275 caps with Académica
 * Hélder Baptista (born 1972) a retired footballer with 311 club caps
 * Nelson Pereira (born 1975) football goalkeeper with 201 club caps and 3 for Portugal
 * Zé António (born 1977) a Portuguese former footballer with 451 club caps
 * Anselmo Cardoso (born 1984 in Freiria) a former footballer with 267 club caps
 * André Santos (born 1989) football player with 300 club caps
 * Henrique Chaves (born 1997) a Portuguese racing driver.
 * Fábio Carvalho (born 2002) footballer who plays for Liverpool.

title: Torres Vedras


text:
Epimenides (crater)

Epimenides is a lunar impact crater that is located in the southwestern part of the Moon's near side, just to the east of the oddly shaped crater Hainzel. Just to the north and northeast is Lacus Timoris, a small lunar mare. The crater is 27 kilometers in diameter and 2,000 meters deep. It may be from the Pre-Nectarian period, 4.55 to 3.92 billion years ago.

The outer rim of this crater is roughly circular, but uneven due to the irregular terrain in which it is located. The southern edge is distended where a smaller formation has overlapped the side. The interior floor is relatively level and featureless. About five kilometers southeast from the crater's southern edge is the satellite crater Epimenides S, which is almost the same size as the main crater and is nearly circular, except for a craterlet making an indentation in its eastern side.

The crater is named for the 6th-century BC Cretan poet and prophet Epimenides.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Epimenides.

title: Epimenides (crater)


text:
User talk:Wenyuan~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. To read up on the latest wikinews, have a look at the Wikipedia Signpost. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 16:27, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Wenyuan. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Wenyuan~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:37, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:26, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wenyuan~enwiki


text:
Master cylinder

In automotive engineering, the master cylinder is a control device that converts force (commonly from a driver's foot) into hydraulic pressure. This device controls slave cylinders located at the other end of the hydraulic brake system and/or the hydraulic clutch system.

As piston(s) move along the bore of the master cylinder, this movement is transferred through the hydraulic fluid, to result in a movement of the slave cylinder(s). The hydraulic pressure created by moving a piston (inside the bore of the master cylinder) toward the slave cylinder(s) compresses the fluid evenly, but by varying the comparative surface area of the master cylinder and each slave cylinder, one can vary the amount of force and displacement applied to each slave cylinder, relative to the amount of force and displacement applied to the master cylinder.

Vehicle applications
The most common vehicle uses of master cylinders are in brake and clutch systems.

 * In brake systems, the operated devices are cylinders inside brake calipers and/or drum brakes; these cylinders may be called wheel cylinders or slave cylinders, and they push the brake pads towards a surface that rotates with the wheel (this surface is typically either a drum or a disc, a.k.a. a rotor) until the stationary brake pad(s) create friction against that rotating surface (typically the rotating surface is metal or ceramic/carbon, for their ability to withstand heat and friction without wearing-down rapidly).
 * In the clutch system, the device which the master cylinder operates is called the slave cylinder; it moves the throw out bearing until the high-friction material on the transmission's clutch disengages from the engine's metal (or ceramic/carbon) flywheel.

For hydraulic brakes or clutches alike, flexible high-pressure hoses or inflexible hard-walled metal tubing may be used; but the flexible variety of tubing is needed for at least a short length adjacent to each wheel, whenever the wheel can move relative to the car's chassis (this is the case on any car with steering and other suspension movements; some drag racers and go-karts have no rear suspension, as the rear axle is welded to the chassis, and some antique cars also have no rear suspension movement).

A reservoir above each master cylinder supplies the master cylinder with enough brake fluid to avoid air from entering the master cylinder (even the typical clutch uses brake fluid, but it may also be referred to as "clutch fluid" in a clutch application).

Each piston in a master cylinder operates a brake circuit, and for modern light trucks and passenger cars, usually, there are two circuits for safety reasons. This is done in a diagonally split hydraulic system i.e. one circuit operates front left and right rear brakes, while the secondary works the other two wheels. If there is a failure in one of the brake lines or the caliper seal, one of the circuits will still be intact and still be able to stop the vehicle. Each circuit works on opposite corners in order to avoid destabilizing the vehicle that would happen if only one axle has brakes while the other axle has none. With only one circuit working there are significantly longer stopping distances and repairs should be done before driving again.

When inspecting brake pads and rotors for wear, drivers and mechanics need to look out for uneven component wear since it could be a sign of low pressure or failure in one of the brake circuits.

title: Master cylinder


text:
Seisyllwg

Seisyllwg was a petty kingdom of medieval Wales. It is unclear when it emerged as a distinct unit, but according to later sources it consisted of the former Kingdom of Ceredigion plus the region known as Ystrad Tywi. Thus it covered the modern county of Ceredigion, part of Carmarthenshire, and the Gower Peninsula. It is evidently named after Seisyll, king of Ceredigion in the 7th or early 8th century, but it is unknown if he was directly responsible for its establishment. In the 10th century Seisyllwg became the centre of power for Hywel Dda, who came to rule most of Wales. In 920 Hywel merged Seisyllwg with the Kingdom of Dyfed to form the new kingdom of Deheubarth.

Origins
It is unclear when Seisyllwg emerged as a distinct unit. It is assumed to have been named for Seisyll ap Clydog, King of Ceredigion in the 7th or early 8th century, and as such he is traditionally regarded as its founder. Seisyll appears in the Harleian genealogies for the Kings of Ceredigion, but no early sources attribute the foundation of Seisyllwg to him, and the name Ceredigion continues to be used into the 9th century. The name Seisyllwg appears in some later sources, such as the Book of Llandaff, the Welsh Triads, and the Welsh laws, the latter of which describes it as one of the three principal subdivisions of South Wales, along with Morgannwg and Reinwg (probably Dyfed). However, the first clear description of the territory is in the First Branch of the Mabinogi, where Seisyllwg is said to include the four cantrefs of Ceredigion plus the three of Ystrad Tywi, a description which accords with that in the laws.

Later history and merger with Dyfed
In 872, Gwgon, the last in the traditional line of kings of Ceredigion, drowned, leaving no heir. Gwgon's sister, Angharad, was married to Rhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great) of Gwynedd, who became steward over Gwgon's realm. While this gave Rhodri no standing to press a claim to kingship himself, he was able to install his and Angharad's younger son, Cadell, as the new King of Seisyllwg. Cadell ruled as a vassal to his father, and later, to his elder brother Anarawd, who established the Dinefwr family.

After Cadell's death in 911, Seisyllwg was divided among his two sons, Hywel (later known as Hywel Dda, or Howel the Good), and Clydog. Hywel probably already had control over the neighbouring kingdom of Dyfed by that time; there are no known kings of Dyfed following the death of Llywarch ap Hyfaidd in 904, and Hywel is known to have been married to Llywarch's daughter, Elen. He certainly had control over it by the time Clydog died in 920, leaving the whole of Seisyllwg to Hywel. Hywel quickly merged Seisyllwg and Dyfed into the new kingdom of Deheubarth, which covered most of southwest Wales. From this power base, he later went on to unite almost all of Wales.

title: Seisyllwg


text: Category:English bowls players

title: Category:English bowls players


text:
Guggenheim Fellowship

Guggenheim Fellowships are grants that have been awarded annually since 1925 by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, endowed by the late Simon and Olga Hirsh Guggenheim. These awards are bestowed upon individuals who have demonstrated distinguished accomplishment in the past and potential for future achievement. The recipients exhibit outstanding aptitude for prolific scholarship or exceptional talent in the arts.

The foundation holds two separate competitions each year:
 * One open to citizens and permanent residents of the United States and Canada.
 * The other to citizens and permanent residents of Latin America and the Caribbean. The Latin America and Caribbean competition is currently suspended "while we examine the workings and efficacy of the program. The U.S. and Canadian competition is unaffected by this suspension."

The performing arts are excluded from these fellowships, but composers, film directors, and choreographers are still eligible to apply. While students are not qualified to apply, advanced professionals in mid-career, such as published authors, are encouraged to do so. Upon receipt of the grant, Fellows are free to use the funds however they deem fit. The goal of the grant is to provide recipients with dedicated time and freedom to pursue their projects or artistic endeavours, while being relieved of their regular duties. Applicants are required to submit references as well as a CV and portfolio.

As of 2023, the Guggenheim Memorial Foundation has funded over 18,000 Fellows with a total sum of almost $400 million since its inception. Each year, the foundation receives a high number of applications; since its formation it has seen anywhere between 500 and 4,000 applications. Out of these, approximately 175 Fellowships are awarded. The size of each grant varies and the amount and duration of the grant is adjusted based on the individual needs of the recipients, taking into consideration their other resources and the purpose and scope of their plans. The average grant awarded is between $40,000 and $55,000.

University affiliations of Guggenheim fellows
Since the inaugural class of 1925, over 18,000 fellowships have been awarded. Harvard University counts the most affiliated fellows at 176, followed by Yale University at 102, Princeton University at 96, Berkeley at 73, and Columbia University at 72.

† Harvard includes Radcliffe and Columbia includes Barnard

title: Guggenheim Fellowship


text:
Talk:Samantha Smith

30th anniversary of her death is in August
Just a pre-emptive heads-up: There will no doubt be quite a few news articles at the 30th anniversary in August. We might have to keep a closer eye on this article than is usual. Paul Austin (talk) 05:03, 17 June 2015 (UTC)

Samantha's Catholicism
Little is remarked in the popular memory about the influence of Samantha's Catholic values on her letter. Samantha was Catholic; her funeral was held in a Catholic church in Augusta. The often-quoted version of her letter leaves out the following lines: ''God made the world for us to share and take care of. Not to fight over or have one group of people own it all. Please lets do what [He] wanted and have [everybody] be happy too.'' Paul Austin (talk) 18:02, 25 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Greetings from the Russian Wikipedia! Samantha wasn't Catholic. I have sent a letter to Bishop Deeley (Diocese of Portland, Maine) with request for the Cause of Beatification of Samantha. But he didn't find evidence of her Catholicism. Then I asked Lena Nelson (the administrator of SamanthaSmithINFO) about Samantha's religion. According to her sources too, Samantha wasn't Catholic. Matrosov95 (talk) 04:57, 15 April 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Samantha Smith. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20150324131614/http://www.artek.org/History%20Artek/history%20/ to http://www.artek.org/History%20Artek/history%20/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:41, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Samantha Smith. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090220122649/http://www.lwsd.org/school/smith/Pages/default.aspx to http://www.lwsd.org/school/smith/Pages/default.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:37, 29 September 2017 (UTC)

the use of Reed to disambguate
I've noticed that increasingly people refer to Samantha with her full name including "Reed" as a way of avoiding confusion with Samantha Smith from Supernatural. This use of "Reed" will increase with time as more Samantha Smiths become well known. Paul Benjamin Austin (talk) 04:37, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Samantha was Usanian instead of American. Incorrect use of the word: american
America is a continent not a country. The whole dwellers of America, from Alaska to Argentina, are americans. This is a logical, simple common sense definition. It is a self explanatory thing. It is the name of the whole big continent. On the other hand, the specific country of origin of Samantha was the U.S.A. For such reason, with respect, Samantha and all the dwellers of this place are referred to as: usanians. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 181.61.204.254 (talk) 05:09, 10 January 2020 (UTC)
 * No. See Demonyms for the United States. Even according to your beliefs, there is no reason not to call Samantha Smith an American. She was born and lived her life in North America, and you said that "The whole dwellers of America, from Alaska to Argentina, are americans." If Argentines or Guatemalans or Surinamese want to also call themselves Americans because they live in the American continent, I haven't heard about that. --Metropolitan90 (talk) 01:23, 9 October 2023 (UTC)

Smith-related political cartoons
Quite a few are available - http://www.samanthasmith.info/index.php/archives/category/11-political-cartoons - and could be included as examples here. PAustin4thApril1980 (talk) 15:28, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Samantha Smith


text:
Fred Tenney

Frederick Tenney (November 26, 1871 – July 3, 1952) was an American professional baseball player whose career spanned 20 seasons, 17 of which were spent with the Major League Baseball (MLB) Boston Beaneaters/Doves/Rustlers (1894–1907, 1911) and the New York Giants (1908–1909). Described as "one of the best defensive first basemen of all time", Tenney is credited with originating the 3-6-3 double play and originating the style of playing off the first base foul line and deep, as modern first basemen do. Over his career, Tenney compiled a batting average of .294, 1,278 runs scored, 2,231 hits, 22 home runs, and 688 runs batted in (RBI) in 1,994 games played.

Born in Georgetown, Massachusetts, Tenney was one of the first players to enter the league after graduating college, where he served as a left-handed catcher for Brown University. Signing with the Beaneaters, Tenney spent the next 14 seasons with the team, including a three-year managerial stint from 1905 to 1907. In December 1907 Tenney was traded to the Giants as a part of an eight-man deal; after two years playing for New York, he re-signed with the Boston club, where he played for and managed the team in 1911. After retiring from baseball, Tenney worked for the Equitable Life Insurance Society before his death in Boston on July 3, 1952.

Early life
Tenney was born in Georgetown, Massachusetts, the third of five children to Charles William and Sarah Lambert (née DeBacon) Tenney. Charles Tenney attended Dummer Academy from 1850 to 1853, and served for the 50th Massachusetts Regiment in the Civil War, where he nearly died due to "intense suffering". Growing up, Fred led his class in drawing and sketching. He reportedly started playing baseball around 1880.

Brown University
In 1892, Tenney played his first professional game for the Binghamton Bingos of the Eastern League, going 1 for 4 with a single. He played as Brown University's catcher for the 1893 and 1894 seasons. In 1894, the team had a 23–8 record and were selected as national champions by Harper's Weekly. The night of his senior dinner, Tenney received a telephone message from Frank Selee, the manager of the Beaneaters, asking him to play a game for the team at catcher, due to the injuries of other players.

Boston

In his MLB debut on June 16, 1894, Tenney had to be removed from the game in the fifth inning due to a fractured finger on his throwing hand from a foul tip. After Tenney had his finger addressed, James Billings, an owner of the Beaneaters, offered him a contract worth US$300 a month from that day. Tenney, later writing about the day, stated: "I thought they were trying to have a little joke with me, and I concluded that I could do a little kidding myself. So I thought I would call their bluff by asking for some advance money. I screwed up my courage and asked Mr. Billings whether, if I signed the contract at once, I could get some advance money. He asked how much I wanted, and I thought I would mention a big sum in order to call their bluff good and strong. So I said $150. He consulted with Mr. Conant, another Director, and said that I could have the money all right, and asked me how I would like to have it– cash or check. [...] I replied that I would take half cash and then half in check, and immediately he wrote out a check for $75, counted out $75 in cash, shoved the contract over to me to sign, laying the cash and check beside it."

- Fred Tenney

He returned to the team a month later, and finished the year batting .395 in 27 games. The following season, Tenney moved to the outfield due to an erratic throwing arm behind the plate, according to manager Selee. For the season, he hit .272 in 49 games, while also playing minor league baseball for the New Bedford Whalers. In 1896, Tenney again caught and played outfield; offensively, however, Tenney hit .336 in nearly double the games from the previous year (88) despite playing in the minors for the Springfield Ponies.

In 1897, Tenney moved to first base to replace the aging Tom Tucker. According to Alfred Henry Spink, within two weeks of the move it was evident that Tenney had become "one of the finest first sackers that the game [had] ever seen." On June 14, 1897, in a game against the Cincinnati Reds, Tenney turned the first 3-6-3 double play in MLB history. Offensively, Tenney led MLB in plate appearances (646) and tied Duff Cooley, Gene DeMontreville, and George Van Haltren for the lead in at bats (566) as the Boston club became National League (NL) champions with a 93–39 record.

Boston again won the NL in 1898 while Tenney hit .328 with 62 RBIs. In 1899 he collected 209 hits, fifth most in MLB, and recorded 17 triples, good for fourth best in MLB. In 1900 Tenney, at age 28, batted .279 over 112 games played. He began a streak of seven consecutive seasons where he led the NL in assists in 1901; he holds the record for most seasons leading a league in assists, with eight, including one in 1899. He was suspended for ten games for fighting Pittsburgh Pirates manager Fred Clarke in May 1902, and finished the 1902 season with the second most sacrifice hits (29) in the majors, to go along with a .315 average. Throughout the 1901–1902 seasons, Tenney received contract offers worth up to $7,000 ($0 in 2017) from St. Louis, Cleveland, and Detroit; Tenney, however, decided to remain in Boston, and was named captain of the club in 1903. For the season, he hit .313, with 41 RBIs and three home runs, as he led his team in walks (70) and had the best on-base percentage mark (.415) on the squad. In 1904, Tenney again led his team in walks and on-base percentage, as he tied for the team lead in runs with Ed Abbaticchio.

He was named manager of the team in 1905, but did not receive additional pay; he was, however, offered a bonus if the team didn't lose money. In 1905, Tenney tried to sign William Clarence Matthews, an African-American middle infielder from Harvard University, to a contract. Tenney later retracted his offer due to pressure from MLB players. Defensively, he led the majors in errors committed by a first baseman and finished second in most putouts for any position. Tenney led the 1906 Beaneaters to a 49–102 record. For the second straight year, the Boston team lost more than 100 games.

After a 158–295 record as manager, on December 3, 1907, Tenney was traded to the Giants, along with Al Bridwell and Tom Needham, for Frank Bowerman, George Browne, Bill Dahlen, Cecil Ferguson and Dan McGann; the trade was called "one of the biggest deals in the history of National League baseball".

New York Giants

In his first season with the Giants, Tenney led MLB with 684 plate appearances and finished third in runs scored, with 101. In a game against the Chicago Cubs on September 23, Tenney could not play due to an attack of lumbago; it was the only game he did not play in during the season. Rookie Fred Merkle took his spot at first base. The game was at a 1–1 tie in the bottom of the ninth. Merkle, after hitting a single, was at first, and Moose McCormick was at third, with two outs. Al Bridwell singled to center field, but Hank O'Day called Merkle out because Merkle had not touched second base. O'Day ruled the game a 1–1 tie due to darkness. With both teams finishing the season at a 98–55 record, a replay game had to be played to determine who would win the National League pennant. The game was held on October 8, with the Cubs winning, 4–2.

After batting a career low .235 in 1909, Tenney was released by the Giants. He spent the 1910 season as a player–manager for the minor league Lowell Tigers, leading the team to a 65–57 record, good for fourth (out of eight teams) in the New England League.

Return to Boston
On December 19, 1910, Tenney signed a two-year contract with the Boston Rustlers. For the 1911 season, Tenney hit .263 over 102 games. He was released by the Braves on March 20, 1912, after 44–107 record in one season; Tenney was paid not to manage for the second year on his contract.

In 1916, he bought the Newark Indians of the International League with James R. Price for $25,000 ($0 in 2012). Mayor Thomas Lynch Raymond declared April 27 a "half-holiday" for the city of Newark for the Indians' Opening Day. Tenney played in 16 games for the Indians, hitting .318 with seven hits over 22 at-bats, and managed the team to a 52–87 record.

Personal life and death
Tenney married a Georgetown girl, Bessie Farnham Berry, on October 21, 1895. The couple had two children together; Barbara, born July 4, 1899, and Ruth, born December 8, 1901. Early in his career, he refused to play baseball on Sundays due to his religion, although he later changed his mind. Tenney was known as the "Soiled Collegian" at the major league level because it was unpopular for college players to become professional. Tenney served as a journalist for The Boston Post, Baseball Magazine, and The New York Times. He painted and sketched during the winter.

After retiring from baseball, Tenney worked for the Equitable Life Insurance Society and continued writing for The New York Times. In 1912, he was vice-president of the Usher–Stoughton shoe manufacturing company in Lynn, Massachusetts; later, he formed the Tenney–Spinney Shoe Company in partnership with Henry Spinney. He was balloted for the National Baseball Hall of Fame from 1936 to 1942 and again in 1946, but never received more than eight votes, receiving eight (3.1% of total ballots cast) during the Baseball Hall of Fame balloting in 1938. Tenney died on July 3, 1952, at Massachusetts General Hospital after a long illness. He was interred at Harmony Chapel and Cemetery in Georgetown.

In 2023, Tenney was posthumously inducted into the Braves Hall of Fame, alongside Rico Carty.

title: Fred Tenney


text:
Buachaille Etive Beag

Buachaille Etive Beag (, Buachaille Èite Beag, 'little herdsman of Etive') is a mountain between Glen Coe and Glen Etive in the Highlands of Scotland. It lies west of Buachaille Etive Mòr, its larger neighbour, from which it is separated by a high mountain pass called Lairig Gartain.

Like its neighbour, Buachaille Etive Beag is a ridge about 3 km long that runs in a southwest–northeast direction. It has two peaks of Munro status: Stob Dubh (958 m) at the southern end, and Stob Coire Raineach (925 m) in the middle. The latter became a Munro in the 1997 revision of Munro's Tables, in which all tops with a topographic prominence of more than 500 ft were promoted to full Munro status. The smaller peak at the northern end is Stob nan Cabar.

Climbing
The most common route on the mountain starts from the A82 at the head of Glen Coe. A cairn and a sign mark the existence of a right-of-way to Glen Etive, following the through the Lairig Eilde that separates Buachaille Etive Beag from Bidean nam Bian. This route is followed for around 1.5 km, at which point most hillwalkers simply head up the hillside to reach the bealach between the two summits, which is at a height of around 750 m. From here Stob Coire Raineach lies about 0.5 km to the northeast, whilst Stob Dubh is about 2 km to the southwest. After bagging both tops, most walkers simply descend by their route of ascent. One may also reach (and descend from) the bealach by means of the Lairig Gartain, which separates Buachaille Etive Beag, from its larger sibling, Buachaille Etive Mor.

An alternative route would be to start from Glen Etive, thus allowing for a traverse of the ridge. The southwest ridge is unrelentingly steep, and one would be obliged to arrange transport back to Glen Etive or walk an additional 4 km to return via the Lairig Eilde or Lairig Gartain.

title: Buachaille Etive Beag


text:
Talk:Vadim Yefremovich

Untitled
Russian Mathematical Surveys, unfortunately, does not provide a table of contents in the original Cyrillic, and as someone whose Russian is mostly limited to sometimes reading mathematics papers and book chapters, I won't vouch for the accuracy. I believe I can spell "Vadim" correctly, I googled "Arsenevich" in Russian, and I have Cyrillic print references for the last name.

The obituary does not list a birth year. It merely stated that Efremovich died "in his 86th year". In English, that phrase is normally interpreted literally, meaning he was 85 years old at the time. It could be Russian idiom, though, and I might have even known that long long ago.

I went with an unsophisticated transliteration for the page title, since "č" is not available, and there seemed no point in being fancy about the soft sign if the "ch" is not fancy. I'm not sure if there's a WP convention here or not.--192.35.35.34 16:39, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vadim Yefremovich


text:
Vesicular texture

Vesicular texture is a volcanic rock texture characterized by a rock being pitted with many cavities (known as vesicles) at its surface and inside. This texture is common in aphanitic, or glassy, igneous rocks that have come to the surface of the Earth, a process known as extrusion. As magma rises to the surface the pressure on it decreases. When this happens gasses dissolved in the magma are able to come out of solution, forming gas bubbles (the cavities) inside it. When the magma finally reaches the surface as lava and cools, the rock solidifies around the gas bubbles and traps them inside, preserving them as holes filled with gas called vesicles.

A related texture is amygdaloidal in which the volcanic rock, usually basalt or andesite, has cavities, or vesicles, that are filled with secondary minerals, such as zeolites, calcite, quartz, or chalcedony. Individual cavity fillings are termed amygdules (American usage) or amygdales (British usage). Sometimes these can be sources of semi-precious or precious stones such as diamonds.

Rock types that display a vesicular texture include pumice and scoria.

title: Vesicular texture


text:
User:Jim Henry/sandbox

 * Template:IPA
 * International Phonetic Alphabet
 * IPA in Unicode
 * Esperanto
 * Esperanto pronunciation

title: User:Jim Henry/sandbox


text:
Gauricus (crater)

Gauricus is a lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged southern part of the Moon's near side. It was named after Italian astronomer Luca Gaurico. Nearly attached to the western rim is the heavily eroded crater Wurzelbauer, and to the north-northwest lies Pitatus.

The rim of this crater has become worn and eroded by subsequent impacts, resulting in a round-shouldered outer wall that is pock-marked by a number of lesser craters. The most notable of these are Gauricus B and Gauricus D along the southern rim and Gauricus G intrudes into the eastern rim. The worn satellite crater Gauricus A is attached to the exterior rim along the south-southwest.

In contrast, the interior floor is relatively level and featureless. Only the merged crater formation Gauricus F, lying along the northern rim, marks the floor. The bottom is covered by wisps of ray material from Tycho to the south.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Gauricus.

title: Gauricus (crater)


text:
John Gordner

John R. Gordner (born January 5, 1962) is an American attorney and politician. A Republican, he represented the 27th District in the Pennsylvania State Senate (2003–2022) and the 109th District in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives (1993–2003). He is a former Democrat, having switched parties in 2001.

Early life and education
Gordner was born on January 5, 1962, in Berwick, Pennsylvania, the son of Carl L. and Shirley Gordner. He graduated from Berwick Area High School in 1979. Gordner earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Dickinson College in 1983 and a Juris Doctor degree from Dickinson School of Law in 1987.

Political career
Gordner was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1992 and served 11 years in that body.

In 2001, Gordner changed political parties from Democrat to Republican.

In 2003, he won a special election to represent Pennsylvania's 27th Senate District, replacing Ed Helfrick, who abruptly retired from the Senate earlier that year.

In 2022, Gordner resigned from the State Senate to become counsel to incoming President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate Kim Ward.

Personal life
Gordner is married to his wife, Lori. They have two children.

title: John Gordner


text:
Muhammad al-Badr

Muhammad Al-Badr (15 February 1926 – 6 August 1996) (المنصور بالله محمد البدر بن أحمد) was the last king and Zaidi Imam of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (North Yemen) and leader of the monarchist regions during the North Yemen Civil War (1962–1970). His full name was Al-Mansur Bi'llah Muhammad Al-Badr bin Al-Nasir-li-dinu'llah Ahmad, Imam and Commander of the Faithful and King of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.

Biography
Al-Badr was born in 1926 as oldest son of Ahmad bin Yahya, later imam of the Zaydis and king of North Yemen. In 1944 he moved to Taizz in the south of the country, where his father had already been the Imam's deputy for several years, to continue his education. Soon after the assassination of Imam Yahya in February 1948 plotted by Sayyid Abdullah al-Wazir, al-Badr arrived in Sana'a, the capital, but apparently only gave tacit support to the new regime. Meanwhile, Sayf al-Islam Ahmad had managed to get away from Taizz and made for Hajjah, where he gathered the tribes around him, proclaimed himself Imam with the title of al-Nasir and within a month of the assassination had easily regained control of Sana'a and executed the principal perpetrators of the rebellion.

Sayf al-Islam al-Badr (as Muhammad now became), not yet 20, was clearly able to patch up speedily any misunderstandings with his father, for in late 1949 he was appointed his deputy over Hodeida, the important port on the Red Sea. He was also made Minister of the Interior.

Al-Badr played a prominent role in quelling the revolt against his father, Imam Ahmad, in 1955 led by Ahmad's brother Sayf al-Islam Abdullah and afterwards was declared Crown Prince.

In that same year Ahmad bin Yahya forged connections and signed agreements during a tour to Soviet bloc countries. In April 1956 he signed a mutual defence pact with Egypt, involving a unified military command, and in 1958 incorporated Yemen with the United Arab Republic of Egypt and Syria into what then became the United Arab States.

During the remaining period of Imam Ahmad's rule, Sayf al-Islam al-Badr held the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs and from 1958 he was also the Imam's deputy over Sana'a.

Like most young Arab leaders of his generation, Al-Badr had been a great admirer of the Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser. So in 1959 while he was in charge of Yemen for a few months during Imam Ahmad's absence in Italy for medical treatment, he arranged for Egyptian experts to come and help modernize Yemen in all fields, including the military. His father annulled these upon his return.

An assassination attempt on the life of Imam Ahmad in March 1961 left the latter gravely crippled, so in October Sayf al-Islam al-Badr took over effective control of the government. On 19 September 1962 Ahmad died in his sleep, al-Badr was proclaimed Imam and King and took the title of al-Mansur.

A week later rebels shelled his residence, Dar al-Bashair, in the Bir al-Azab district of Sana'a whence on September 26, 1962, Abdullah as-Sallal, whom al-Badr had appointed commander of the royal guard, staged a coup, and declared himself president of the Yemen Arab Republic.

Al-Badr escaped to the north of North Yemen, and rallied tribes that supported him in opposition to Sallal. Fighting erupted between the two groups, starting the North Yemen Civil War. Al-Badr started getting support from Saudi Arabia, while the republicans received support from Egypt.

Although the revolution had announced to the world that al-Badr had died beneath the rubble of his palace, he had in fact managed to escape unhurt and set out to the north. As he proceeded on his journey the tribes rallied round him pledging him their unconditional allegiance as Amir al-Mumineen ("Leader of the believers"). These tribes were Zaydi Shia for whom unstinted loyalty to an imam from the Ahl al-Bayt (the descendants of the Prophet) was a fundamental obligation of their religion. A few days later he held a press conference over the border in south-west Saudi Arabia. His uncle Sayf al-Islam al-Hasan, who had been abroad and had been proclaimed Imam at the news of al-Badr's alleged demise, immediately gave allegiance to him together with all the princes of the Hamid al-Din family. Soon the entire tribal confederation of Bakil along with most of Hashid who occupied the central and northern highlands of Yemen and who had been Zaydis for centuries joined enthusiastically the cause of the Imam and the princes to fight the revolutionary regime.

In 1970, despite the fact that territorially most of the Yemen remained under the control of al-Badr and the Hamid al-Din family, Saudi Arabia, which had been the principal opponent of the Sana'a regime, recognized the Yemen Arab Republic and other nations like the United Kingdom swiftly followed suit.

Stunned by Saudi Arabia's recognition of the republican regime which had been negotiated without any consultation with him whatsoever, al-Badr refused to stay any longer in Saudi Arabia and demanded that he be permitted to leave the kingdom immediately. He went to England, where he lived quietly in a modest house in Kent, only going abroad to visit the holy cities of Mecca and Medina and to call on relatives and friends in that part of the world.

He died in 1996 in London and was buried in Medina, Saudi Arabia.

Honours

 * Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (28 November 1957).

title: Muhammad al-Badr