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Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II

This is a Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II covering Britain 1939–45.

For a narrative history and bibliography of the home front see United Kingdom home front during World War II, as well as history of Scotland § Second World War 1939–45 and history of Northern Ireland § Second World War. For the military story see military history of the United Kingdom during World War II for foreign affairs, diplomatic history of World War II. For the government see timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill.

1939·1940·1941· 1942·1943·1944·1945

1939
3 June 1939
 * The Military Training Act, Britain's first peacetime draft, comes into force. All men aged 20–21 are now liable to call-up for four years military service as 'Militiamen'.

24 August 1939
 * Given the worsening situation in Europe, Parliament is recalled and immediately enacts the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act 1939, granting the government special legislative powers for the duration of the crisis.
 * Army reservists are called up.
 * Civil Defence workers are put on alert.

25 August 1939
 * The National Defence Companies (a voluntary reserve force of former servicemen) are mobilised to protect "vulnerable points".

30 August 1939
 * The Fleet proceeds to its war stations. The Royal Navy is much stronger than Germany's Kriegsmarine. It has twelve battleships versus zero for Germany; seven aircraft carriers versus zero; three battle cruisers versus five; 66 cruisers versus six; 100 destroyers versus 17, 67 submarines versus 57; and a merchant fleet five times larger.

1 September 1939
 * In response to the German invasion of Poland and the prospect of war with Germany, plans for the evacuation of children and nursing and expectant mothers from London and other areas deemed vulnerable to German air attack are put into action.
 * The Blackout begins.
 * The British Army is officially mobilized.
 * Government initiates 'Operation Pied Piper' which would see the evacuation of over 1.5 million people from urban 'target' areas, of whom 800,000 were children.

2 September 1939
 * Under intense criticism from the House, Neville Chamberlain abandons an offer to negotiate peace terms between Germany and Poland and agrees to present an ultimatum to Hitler.

3 September 1939
 * Shortly after 11:00 Chamberlain announces to the nation that his ultimatum has expired and that Britain is at war with Germany.
 * Twenty minutes later the first air raid sirens are sounded in London. They are a false alarm.
 * Chamberlain reforms his Government, creating a small War Cabinet which includes Winston Churchill as First Lord of the Admiralty.
 * The National Service (Armed Forces) Act is passed. All men aged 18–41 are now potentially liable for conscription.

7 September 1939
 * The National Registration Act is passed, introducing identity cards.

23 September 1939
 * Petrol rationing introduced.

27 September 1939
 * The first war tax is revealed by the Cabinet, including a significant increase in income taxes.

1 October 1939
 * Call-Up Proclamation: all men aged 20–21 who have not already done so must apply for registration with the military authorities.

6 October 1939
 * With the end of formal Polish resistance the Phoney War begins; It lasts until April 1940. There was little military action, although the Allies (Britain and France) began economic warfare, and shut down the German surface raiders. They created elaborate plans for numerous large-scale operations designed to swiftly and decisively cripple the German war effort. These included opening a French-British front in the Balkans; invading Norway to seize control of the Germany's main source of iron ore; and a strike against the Soviet Union, to cut off its supply of oil to Germany. Only the Norway plan came to fruition, and it was too little too late in April 1940.

November 1939
 * London schools start to reopen because of evacuee children returning to the capital.

1940
January 1940
 * 35% of London schoolchildren had returned from evacuation.

8 January 1940
 * First food rationing introduced.

May to June 1940
 * Further evacuation of 160,000 children from London and relocation of children who had been settled near vulnerable coastal areas.
 * Winston Churchill gives a series of famous speeches in Parliament: "Blood, toil, tears, and sweat", "We shall fight on the beaches" and "This was their finest hour."

7 May 1940
 * The debate on the recent military failure in Norway leads (on 10 May) to Chamberlain's resignation.

10 May 1940
 * Germany invades France and the Low Countries, ending the Phoney War.
 * Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister and forms an all-party coalition government.

12 May 1940
 * Internment of all German or Austrian males aged between 16 and 60 begins, starting with those living nearest to the south and east coasts.

14 May 1940
 * In a BBC radio broadcast Anthony Eden calls for the creation of the Local Defence Volunteers (LDV) militia – renamed on 23 July the Home Guard.

22 May 1940
 * The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act 1940 is passed, granting the government even more authority to control persons and property for the duration of the war.

10 June 1940
 * Italy declares war on Britain.
 * Italian men aged 17 to 60 are arrested and interned.
 * Large mobs attack Italian businesses and families in London, Liverpool, Belfast, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Glasgow.

19 – 28 June 1940
 * 25,000 Channel Island refugees arrive in England.

30 June 1940
 * German occupation of the Channel Islands begins.

July 1940
 * A further 60,000 schoolchildren evacuated from London and the Home Counties in the following 12 months.

3 July 1940
 * Cardiff is bombed for the first time.

6 July 1940
 * Plymouth is bombed for the first time.

9 July 1940
 * Official start date of the Battle of Britain.

10 July 1940
 * Introduction of Defence Regulation 58AA allowing the Minister of Labour to ban strike action and force compulsory arbitration. No strikes are called by any trade union during the war; there are unofficial short local strikes in coal, shipbuilding and machinery.

21 July 1940
 * SS Anselm leaves Liverpool for Halifax, Nova Scotia with the first group of 82 children being evacuated under the Children's Overseas Reception Board (CORB) scheme.

25 August 1940
 * First major air raid on central Birmingham.

28 August 1940
 * First major air raid on Liverpool.

August–October 1940
 * The German Blitz hits London and other major cities causing death and damage. Official histories concluded that the mental health of a nation may have improved, while panic was a rarity. Prewar dire predictions of mass air-raid neurosis were not borne out. Predictions had underestimated the adaptability and resourcefulness; in addition there were many new civil defense roles that gave a sense of fighting back rather than despair.  The highly visible dangerous role gave firemen some of the ideal attributes more commonly associated with the venerated image of the military hero.

7 September 1940
 * German bombing raid on South London; formal beginning of London Blitz.

18 September 1940
 * SS City of Benares bound for Canada is torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic; 77 of the 90 evacuee children on board died, resulting in the abandonment of the Children's Overseas Reception Board (CORB) evacuation scheme.

31 October 1940
 * Official end date of the Battle of Britain.

14 November 1940
 * Massive German bombing raid on Coventry.

12 December 1940
 * Major raid on Sheffield.

24 November 1940
 * First major air raid on Bristol.

20 December 1940
 * Major raid on Liverpool.

22 December 1940
 * First major raid on Manchester.

1941
21 January 1941
 * The Communist Daily Worker newspaper is banned. It had ignored a July 1940 warning that its pacifist line contravened Defence Regulation 2D, which made it an offence to 'systematically to publish matter calculated to foment opposition to the prosecution of the war'. When Germany invaded Russia in June 1941, the British Communists became fervent supporters of the war and the ban was lifted.

13 and 14 March 1941
 * Major air raids destroy most of Clydebank.

20 April
 * 34 firefighters killed in the 1941 Old Palace School bombing, the largest single loss of Fire Brigade personnel in English history.

10 May 1941
 * Last major attack on London of the 1940-41 Blitz.

May 27, 1941: the Bismarck is sunk after-hours cannon duels and biplane torpedo attacks

1 June 1941
 * Civilian clothing is rationed for the first time.

18 December 1941
 * The National Service (No. 2) Act is passed. All men 18-60 and unmarried women and childless widows aged 20-30 are now liable to some form of national service, including military service for those under 51. The first military registration of 18.5-year-olds takes place. The Schedule of Reserved Occupations is abandoned: from now on only individual deferments from the draft will be accepted.

1942
23 January 1942
 * First US Army troops arrive in the UK. Disembarking at Belfast, the officers were the advanced party of a force intended to defend Northern Ireland and release British troops for service overseas.

5 March 1942
 * The Daily Mirror publishes a controversial cartoon by Philip Zec which Churchill and other senior government figures alleged was damaging to public morale. Zec is investigated by MI5 and the government seriously proposes banning the newspaper until parliamentary opposition forces a retreat.

23 April 1942
 * Beginning of so-called Baedeker Blitz on English provincial towns, mainly chosen for their historic and cultural significance; Exeter, Bath, Canterbury, Lincoln and York along with several coastal towns were targeted. Attacks continue sporadically until 6 June.

1 July 1942
 * The basic civilian petrol ration was abolished, making fuel unavailable to private car owners.

15 November 1942
 * Church bells were rung all over the United Kingdom for the first time since May 1940, in celebration of victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein.

1 December 1942
 * Sir William Beveridge's Report on Social Insurance and Allied Services published.

The Ministry of Labour reports that 1942 strikes cost 1,527,000 working days, as compared with 1,079,000 in 1941.

1943
18 February 1943
 * The House of Commons votes, 335 to 119, against a Labour amendment demanding the creation of a Social Security Ministry and immediate implementation of the Beveridge report. The government has approved the plan "in principle" but called for a delay until the war is over.

19 February 1943:
 * The Labour Party National Executive Committee rejects the Communist Party's application for affiliation saying it must carry out decisions of the Comintern in Moscow, that it has shown "complete irresponsibility in British politics" and because "its general outlook is entirely out of harmony with the philosophy and objectives of the Labour Party."

7 April 1943
 * The Government releases a White Paper by John Maynard Keynes, announcing its post-war currency stabilisation plan designed to provide an international banking system.

12 April 1943
 * The Chancellor of the Exchequer presents a budget of £5.8 billion with 56% to be raised from current revenue; the deficit would be £2.8 billion of which £2.2 will be borrowed at home.

29 July 1943
 * Labour Minister Ernest Bevin announces that women from 19 to 50 will be called for work in plane and munitions plants. Men eligible for military service may choose work in coal mines.

23 September 1943
 * The Ministry of Health reports that 1942 births totaled 654,039 versus 480,137 in 1941; deaths 66,811 versus 55,043. Infant mortality was 49 per 1,000, the lowest on record for Britain.

14 December 1943
 * The first of 33 fortnightly ballot draws for the compulsory recruitment of men for coal mining, who would otherwise have been conscripted into the Armed Forces. These recruits would become known as "Bevin Boys".

20 December 1943
 * Villages in the South Hams area of Devon were compulsorily evacuated to create a training area for the planned D-Day landings. Also evacuated were the villages of Imber in Wiltshire and Tyneham in Dorset. The inhabitants of the last two have never been allowed to return.

1944
21 January 1944
 * Start of Operation Steinbock or the "Baby Blitz", a Luftwaffe night bombing campaign against southern England, which continued until May 1944.

10 March 1944
 * R.A. Butler's Education Act passed, reorganizing Britain's school system under the tripartite system.

22 to 28 April 1944
 * During Exercise Tiger an American training exercise for D-Day landings on Utah Beach in Slapton Sands, Devon, a German attack on 28 April kills 746 US Army and Navy servicemen.

12 June 1944
 * First V-1 flying bomb attack on London.

July to September 1944
 * Final wave of evacuation (codenamed "Rivulet") of children from London to the English Midlands and West Country.

8 September 1944
 * First V-2 rocket attack on London.

17 September 1944
 * The Blackout is replaced by a partial 'dim-out'.

22 September 1944
 * Ernest Bevin announces the government's plan for eventual military demobilisation.

3 December 1944
 * The Home Guard is stood down.

1945
1 February 1945
 * Part-time members of the National Fire Service are stood down.

27 March 1945
 * Last V-2 attack on London.

29 March 1945
 * Last V-1 flying bomb attack on London.

2 May 1945
 * Civil Defence Service is stood down.

8 May 1945
 * VE Day.

9 May 1945
 * Liberation of the German-occupied Channel Islands takes place.

23 May 1945
 * The Labour Party members of the coalition government resign in order to prepare for the upcoming general election. Churchill appoints a largely Conservative caretaker government.

16 June 1945
 * The Family Allowances Act passed. Mothers will receive a tax-free cash payment for each child in their care. This is the first time in Britain that a state payment has gone directly to a wife rather than her husband.

18 June 1945
 * Demobilisation of the armed forces begins.

5 July 1945
 * General election voting takes place in the UK. The ballots are then sealed for three weeks to allow the collection and counting of overseas service votes.

26 July 1945
 * The Labour Party wins the general election with a historic landslide. Clement Attlee becomes Prime Minister and forms a new government.

15 August 1945
 * VJ Day.


text:
User:Telso/Wikinews

Although I wholeheartedly support Wikipedia and many of its sister projects, I cannot support Wikinews and think that not only is its mission flawed but it will detract human resources from other more worthwhile endeavours, particularly Wikipedia and its other sister projects.

Its mission statement states it
 * [seeks] to create a free source of news, where ... every human being is invited to contribute reports ... either from direct experience, or summarized from elsewhere. (emphasis mine).

I highly and strongly doubt the first condition of the part I emphasized ("from direct experience") will be fulfilled in more than an incredibly small minority of articles published. Concerning the second condition ("summarized from elsewhere"), this is not journalism.

With very little chance at getting primary news sources, this project must be designated a news indexing site. The problem this introduces has to deal with the almighty POV. Human edited/compiled indexes are inherently POV as some articles (and therefore views) are more prominent. The difference between a news index (like Wikinews) and a knowledge index (like Wikipedia) is that visitors of a knowledge index usually know what they are looking for while visitors of a news index usually want to be presented with a varying number of news articles because they do not know what they are looking for. The best way to quickly order a large amount of information is not human ordering but computer ordering (using an algorithm).

This leads to the other disadvantage of Wikinews: its limited ability to gather stories from the entire spectrum of news in the time they are useful. Although an increased usage would increase output of stories, I (again) highly doubt Wikinews will be able to meet the output of stories required to dismiss this problem. The best way to quickly find a lot of information is not human searching but computer searching (again, using an algorithm).

The best news indexing site would be one that can assimilate many, many news stories in a very short amount of time and present them in an NPOV manner. The best method for producing this is a computer spider crawling news sites combined with a computer algorithm to sort stories according to reasonable criteria. I think the closest any site is to this (by far) is Google News and this is why I have no plans to stop using it. Also, because I think Wikinews is a drain on Wikipedia's resources (along with those of its other sister projects), I have no plans to contribute or even use Wikinews for fear it do even more damage than it has already done.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Telso/Wikinews


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/WikiUser

Frivolous RfAr
WikiUser's RfAr took place at the same time as at least two major RfArs ("Lyndon LaRouche I" and "Lir"), and it's hard to follow what happened with it. Could someone post a diff for where the RfAr was formally rejected? --Carnildo 09:40, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * That would be this one: 20:09, 6 Aug 2004 Raul654 (→WikiUser and Fred Bauder - - speedily delete following legal threat)  -- ChrisO 13:38, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Something I wrote earlier
This is something that I wrote a week or so ago about my dealings with WikiUser. I am not sure about procedure for others adding evidence to a RfC so I've posted it here:

I first came to the attention of WikiUser when I edited Claire Weekes. Now I will admit that maybe my edits were a little too severe but did take offense to the fact that my edit was reverted without any comment. So I edited the page again with an edit summary of "don't revert without comment; Manual of Style (biographies)". This change was also reverted without comment by WikiUser. That was when I got my first message from WikiUser, which included "stop sabotaging that article and changing it so it's stating things that aren't true". I made this reply on WikiUser's talk page and got this reply. And then made my final two edits to Claire Weekes so that the article at the very least it conformed with the Manual of Style.

After this I looked through WikiUser's contributions to find if any other articles needed things like categorising and corrections to conform to the manual of style. Some days later I received another message where I was accused of sabotaging [articles] by putting in spelling and grammar mistakes and other stuff to make them worse.

I was upset by this accusation and replied User talk:WikiUser with this post which listed all the diffs to the articles asking where him to show me the spelling and grammar mistakes that I had added. WikiUser then told me that it wasn't his job to "do all your wiki editing for you now". He also accused me of removing critical posts on my talk page (I had merely gone through and removed old posts which included both praise and criticism). I had a look back through the history of his talk page and found that he had removed at removing criticisim from his talk page often declaring it to be 'vandalism' or 'hassle by nazi stalkers'.

A large amount of material was also copied from WikiUser's talk page to my own including material that wasn't even related to me (which I subsequently removed . He also did this to ChrisO  and Violetriga.

He accuses the three of us of targeting him as "he's disabled and has said typing is physically painful for him". This fact I did not know until I read it in this message. It was at this point that I decided to stop replying to WikiUser.

Evil Monkey∴Hello? 10:04, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)

Re project page
I have not yet decided whether it is right that I make a response to the project page which I think is invalid. (If I do it will need to run into many, many pages if I am to answer all the claims made about me.) However I must note that there are a great many factual inaccuracies on the page. Among others in the three revert claims. Could a responsible admin please look into these and remove the blatant factual inaccuracies. As I say on my talk page; for example a three revert violation is listed, where I, (and chriso), never edited that page more than twice on any day. It is not possible to 3 revert a page in that case. Also my post history is a factual matter, so claims that my first post was such and such, when it wasn't, must clearly be removed. Also as I have said on my talk page, v.riga, and now chriso, are posting in both the endorse and comments sections. According to everything I have seen on the wiki this is against the rules for a RFC page. Also according to everything I have seen on the wiki it is not possible, i.e. against the rules, for someone to agree to Mediation and then break Mediation by launching a complaint project. She should have withdrawn from Mediation before launching the complaint project. It is likewise against the rules for chriso to both pursue Mediation and this complaint project. He should have said whether he has refused to go to mediation or not. He is not above the rules. Also he has broken the rules by adding comments to the mediation 'special page' that are not allowed. The [RFMediation] page says at the top: "Please do not edit this page directly if you are not a participant in a case. Also, please do not remove content or move sections to separate pages if you are not a member of the Mediation Committee. Relevant comments may be left on the Talk page, and will be read in full." I have left at least 3 messages formally requesting that his breach of rules editing of the RFMediation page is removed but the page appears to have been abandoned by the Mediation committee. So will a responsible admin please put that right? They cannot both be pursuing Mediation, and this project complaint. It's against the wiki rules. And it also says on the [Mediation page]: "Any disputant may refuse or withdraw from the mediation process at will, though this is considered bad form."WikiUser 20:35, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Any parts of the RfC that you dispute should be noted explicitly in your response. Any problems you have with those bringing the RfC against you (primarily myself and ChrisO) should also be noted along with any breaches of rules or guidelines.  As for mediation I think you'll find that you had no grounds to take me there considering there was no dispute (it was therefore the incorrect place for your complaint).  violet/riga (t) 21:06, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not refusing mediation, I merely believe it to be a waste of time and a further example of your unbalanced behaviour. As for mentioning this RfC on the mediation page, I agree that in a normal case it wouldn't be appropriate - but in this case it is more than justified, given your record of misconduct and your frequent threats of arbitration, mediation and legal action against individual editors and Wikipedia as a whole. Your request for mediation needs to be considered in its proper context. Personally, if I was a mediator, I wouldn't touch your request with a bargepole. -- ChrisO 00:23, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Users should note the formal refusal of a manager of this complaint project to remove, or even consider, the false information on the page. It obviously means that she is willing to pursue, in fact is admitting that she is pursuing, a false formal complaint against me, by her willingness to submit a formal RFC complaint on the basis of false information contained in it. Even a 3 revert violation on a page that was only ever edited twice in one day! Such is the level and nature of this mendacious, and unjustified by the wiki rules, complaint against me. Also it is not true that, as she claims, formal complaints can be made on the wikipedia against people with false information, providing I do not write in the response section of the project page. Whether I write in it or not has nothing to do with such a matter. That would mean, for example, that I could submit an arbitration complaint that someone had broken the 3 revert rule on a page they'd never edited, and win, as long as the person complained of did not post a response on the arbitration page. Her claim is bizzare. Note that she and chriso cannot break the wikipedia rules by both being in Mediation, and not being in Mediation, by pursuing a formal complaint against me. Also: "As for mediation I think you'll find that you had no grounds to take me there considering there was no dispute (it was therefore the incorrect place for your complaint)." Then she shouldn't have agreed to Mediation. And if she and changed her mind she should have withdrawn from the Mediation process and then started this formal complaint. She is in breach of and has shown contempt for the Mediation process rules. Again par for the course evidence that she, like chriso, believe they are above the wikipedia rules. The only question is why does The Wikipedia Foundation let them be above the rules that apply to everyone else?WikiUser 21:33, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC) Also Mediation is for people who are not getting on, on the wiki, to come to an agreement with the help of a Mediator. Her claim that me going to Mediation had "no grounds" is absurd. I go to mediation, which most people would say is the responsible thing to do, (and she agrees to!), and she even claims that is an offence on my part.WikiUser 21:43, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Many of the problems stem from your inability to understand what people are saying. At no point do I even hint that anything on this RfC are false and was merely pointing out that if you think them to be false then you should do something about it - specifically, pointing out exactly which one(s) you think are incorrect. As for the mediation I said to you that you could do what you wanted and did not post on the page to support the request. Considering that there was not an article content dispute, merely me pointing out your mistake in breaking the 3RR, I still fail to see the requirement to go that route.  Next I would like you to point out the wording of the rules you suggest that I have broken. violet/riga (t) 21:50, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Seconded. I too would like to know the specific grounds for your complaint - all we've had so far is sound and fury. -- ChrisO 00:23, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Further breaking of rules by endorsers on project page
I forgot to mention the claims made by Ashley Pomeroy and Phil Boswell should of course be removed. It is wrong for them to make false statements about me using computers I've never heard of to attack Ahsley Pomeroy. I've never heard of him, or Phil Boswell, and it is not my fault if he is in dispute with vandals. They cannot accuse me of being every user in Britain in this way. It is absurd, although very reflective of the nature of this 'kangaroo court' RFC project against me. (So perhaps their claims should be left on as they perhaps support my case well about the hate and discrinination I am targetted for on the wikipedia.) If I am to be held responsible for every vandalism edit made by every user in Britain then The Wikipedia Foundation will need to produce some evidence of this bizzare claim. Also deathpheonix's claims that I am mentally ill are against the personal abuse rules and no one else would be expected to tolerate such insults: "I wouldn't presume to put a label on this behaviour because I don't have any medical experience either." Also as he is now endorsing this formal RFC complaint against me his endoresment should be moved to the correct section. He can not have it both ways. RE "Also as I have said on my talk page, v.riga, and now chriso, are posting in both the endorse and comments sections. According to everything I have seen on the wiki this is against the rules for a RFC page. "-Therefore by the rules their entries in one section or another must be deleted.WikiUser 21:09, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC) I also add that Ashley Pomeroy's statement that he finds this Wikipedia formal complaint procedure against me a form of entertainment, even though I have said it causes me distress, offensive. Have some people no morals? (He said: ["Entertaining dispute"].)WikiUser 21:33, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * As per request, I have un-levelled the accusation of turpitude. It seemed odd that my very first defacement from someone in the UK should come so soon after wading into this hilarious dispute. I read the 'problem users' page for entertainment's sake - although this is not to say that I don't take the process seriously - and this is the most dramatic dispute in the current crop; the appellant's self-pitying paranoia, mock outrage ("Have some people no morals?") and excessively prolix justifications remind me of the Sollog affair. Back in the day I used to work as an audio typist for the Immigration Appellate Authority, typing up the appeals of refugees; tales of torture, murder, rape, injustice and casual violence, most of them fabricated by people who would climb up a pile of drowing babies to reach dry land. If you find this "offensive", then your baseline is lower than mine. As for "hate and discrimination", it's good to hate bad things, and to discriminate against them. -Ashley Pomeroy 01:19, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, I never made any allegations that WikiUser is mentally ill. In fact, my very lack of medical experience forbids me from making such allegations. Since WikiUser seems to favour making demands, I shall make one of my own: that WikiUser retract his statement that I am going against the rules of personal abuse, since I explicitly made no such accusations as to WikiUser's mental illness. Failure to do so only shows me that WikiUser loves to be the victim without admitting any wrong doing. --Deathphoenix 03:51, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The above two posts prove the points I've made very well.WikiUser 17:58, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

3RR violations?
Could someone provide specific sets of diffs showing the 3RR violations by WikiUser? Simply linking to the histories of articles is insufficient, since the articles are being actively edited, and the edits you are trying to link to are scrolling off the linked pages. --Carnildo 22:28, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. violet/riga (t) 23:05, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks --Carnildo 23:43, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It's nice to see that at least one person is interested in actually checking the 'evidence' Carnildo. As far as I know, as I've often stated on the site, I have never broken the 3 revert rule. And if I ever did it would just be a mistake. At least they make it clear (above), they're not interested/don't care if their 'evidence' is genuine or not. So people can draw the obvious conclusions from that. Notice above that v.riga even says it's my job to prepare the 'evidence' against me and see it's correct!WikiUser 18:15, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You have broken the three revert rule once and escaped a second infringement by 3 minutes. Proof, as copied from the main page:
 * Edit history at Secondary modern school (4 reverts in under 24 hours, warned not blocked):
 * Revision as of 18:07, 25 Jan 2005 - reverted linking Labour Party and two years, changed quotemarks to single quotes
 * Revision as of 20:49, 25 Jan 2005 - reverted linking of Labour Party and changed quotemarks to single quotes
 * Revision as of 21:12, 25 Jan 2005 - reverted quotemarks to single quotes
 * Revision as of 21:57, 25 Jan 2005 - reverted slight rewording and linking of Labour Party
 * If you deny this then I suggest you reread the definition of a revert. Indeed, it is me warning you about this that first introduced me to you.  violet/riga (t) 18:26, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * "You have broken the three revert rule once and escaped a second infringement by 3 minutes. Proof, as copied from the main page:"
 * I already said to her on my talk page, from memory very soon after my edits, that as far as I knew I only reverted once or twice. I tend to edit not revert. Also that if I did break the 3 revert rule it was a mistake. However if you check all the edits on the sec. mod. page you'll see that all the edits are different. Except:

 * 18:07, 25 Jan 2005; 20:49, 25 Jan 2005 and 21:12, 25 Jan 2005.

 * Even if I had reverted on these occasions that would be two reverts at most; as the first of these can not be a revert (it is different to all previous versions of the page).

 * The only other edits I did on that day (or ever again as I gave up/they drove me from editing the page) are: 21:57, 25 Jan 2005   and  21:54, 25 Jan 2005. Both these are different from each other and both are different from all previous versions of the page.

 * As far as I can make out anyway, no breach of 3 revert rule. "and escaped a second infringement by 3 minutes. Proof," if that was true then I didn't break the 3 revert rule.WikiUser 21:43, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You created the article. The edits shown above are reverts back (in part) to the original version.  That includes the first one, so yes, you have broken the 3RR.  For the last of you comments, well do note that I never said it was a 3RR violation, merely pointing it out as an indication of your edit war style. violet/riga (t) 21:56, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Nonsense. Yet again support for what I've always said along. I haven't broken the 3 rev rule-BUT they've got a grudge against me, so I've broken the 3 rev rule. I'm only editing same as anyone else, BUT they've got a grudge against me, so it's how dare I!, I'm breaking the rules by editing. I go to mediation and put a great deal of effort into doing so, BUT they've got a grudge against me, so it's a false "frivolous" attempt at mediation, it's against the rules to abuse people to the point of depressing them, BUT they've got a grudge against me, so I must be banned "long term" for saying they have done so and telling them to stop. etc., etc.,..... I think people are going to be surprised at v.riga's new version of the 3 rev rule! As I've said for months they've got a grudge against me, and so misuse the wiki to indulge it. "That includes the first one, so yes, you have broken the 3RR." this is a clear lie about and me is clear personal abuse so will some responsible admin, if there are any, please take the appropriate action against v.riga. "I never said it was a 3RR violation, merely pointing it out as an indication of your edit war style." Not true of course. The reality is, as I've said all along, I don't usually revert, I tend to edit not revert.WikiUser 17:17, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I think this diatribe proves a lot of what we've been saying all along. violet/riga (t) 17:24, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No it proves perfectly what I say is true. You can answer. But when I answer, it's "diatribe". (And answer disproving your point totally, and in this case going to great trouble to do so, when it's your job to see your 'evidence' for this crazy scheme you've got to "ban" me "long term" is correct, not mine.) I answer some time later or the next day. You people answer almost immediately, you're obsessed with me -as I've said. You follow me everywhere I go, including to where you couldn't know I was posting unless you were monitoring my history. I'm not interested in looking at your histories. Just one example is where I asked an admin to stop chriso vandalising the mediation page and you plastered the page with so much stuff that when I came to look at it the next day I couldn't make out his answer and had to ask him to repost it for me. Your epic obsessive complaint against me is mendacious and false and an abuse of the wiki rules, there's no grounds for blocking me. Time after time you prove beautifully that everything I have said is true. You've got a grudge against me and are obsessed with me. I could've been doing what I was doing, editing and creating articles, informing people of things of interest on the v.pump pages, helping new people with their questions etc., but you prevent me from doing so with your harrassment, and some responsible admin should take actions to stop you all. I went to mediation, you abuse the mediation process, etc., etc., ....WikiUser 17:56, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I am indeed monitoring your contributions because I am looking to prevent you from edit-warring at another article and abusing another user. Thankfully, as you say, you've been busy here rather than doing either of those two things.  I have proven conclusively that you have broken the 3RR but you have difficulties understanding what a revert actually is. violet/riga (t) 18:04, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

More evidence
So what's the deal here? I've never contributed evidence for one of these before (never had to) however having just been at the sharp end of this guy's temper with accusations of a misuse of my admin powers and being a vandal I now have evidence from my user talk page. Do I just add it myself? In what format? If someone else would like to read my user talk page and add it themselves please feel free, I'll not archive it until it's been done. -- Francs2000 | Talk 23:08, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You may wish to add to "Uncategorized false accusations against other users" but that is already quite a lot of evidence. Perhaps just supporting (adding your vote onto "Other users who endorse this summary") the RfC would be acceptable.  That is if you agree with the other aspects of the RfC. violet/riga (t) 23:52, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I have read through it and it is fairly well written. I'll just add my sig. -- Francs2000 | Talk  23:56, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Quiet
It would seem that the WikiUser account, along with his IP address, have gone quiet of late - no edits in two days. Hopefully this break will go towards clearing up the situation. violet/riga (t) 19:57, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Economy of the Philippines

Attention
I reckon that its about time this page be as updated as the other articles of the other countries. Its already 2005, and the 2004 numbers of the economic indicators are already out. I would want to update them myself, but there is just too many. Alot of the details in the article are also out of date, help anyone???- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.213.246.235 (talk) 09:43, 2 February 2005 (UTC)

I was hoping that we can reorganize with ff. sections:

 * Background,
 * Agriculture and Fishing,
 * Commerce,
 * Communication,
 * Currency,
 * Energy,
 * Forestry,
 * '''Labor
 * Manufacturing,
 * Mining,
 * Transportation

Statistics already embedded in each section, uhm help?!?- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.213.246.235 (talk) 10:10, 2 February 2005 (UTC)

Somebody with the information should add
 * Outsourcing- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.156.2.218 (talk) 12:25, 12 February 2005 (UTC)

Italic text- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.230.57.135 (talk) 00:10, 3 April 2007 (UTC) ==Comment== I think you put the wrong caption about the rice paddies. The Philippines is a rice importer. It imports rice from Vietnam. Yes, it used to be our biggest agricultural export but now, we don't have enough rice output to meet domestic demand. If I'm not mistaken, coconut products are the largest agricultural exports. Please check the National Statistical Coordination Board website at http://www.nscb.gov.ph

I suggest that you add a section for Tourism because it is making progress due to the agressive marketing campaign of the Department of Tourism. You may want to put photos of the majestic tourist destinations in the country.- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.87.151.226 (talk) 08:25, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

The country actually has enough supply of rice for the year 2006. They are only importing to beef up their rice stocks in case of unusual weather phenomenon such as the El Nino.- — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mildrckfr (talk • contribs) 15:14, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

below the poverty line- the latest data of poverty line is 26% way year 2003. should you guys have data for 2006 or at least 2005?- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.230.57.135 (talk) 00:07, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

This article fails to recognize the protectionist policies which the Philippine elites had imposed on the country. The Filipino elites especially the Nacionalista Party had ruined Philippine economy from the beginning. Even the Americans permitted these elites(illustrados) to dominate the economy during American colonial period. The 1987 Constitution is a restatement of Pinoy elites domination. The 1987 constitution specifies that majority of businesses should be 60% Filipino owned. Guess who will be those Filipinos-the elites? This is the main reason why the bulk of most foreign direct investments in Asian region have bypassed Philippines since the 1980's. Major foreign multinationals prefers to be majority owners especially when a large investment money is involved. Of course, Philippine govt can always make exception to the 60/40 rule for a fee. The end result is continued poverty where 1/3 of the population lives on less than $2.00 per day. Until Philippines ends it protectionist policies, Philippines would remain the Sick Man of Asia and purveyor of global workers.

See... http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1568/is_n2_v26/ai_15473461-The human costs of protectionism

http://countrystudies.us/philippines/17.htm, America failed to change the illustrados

http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/FJ02Ae01.html 134 families that control Philippines- — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jonathanreyes (talk • contribs) 15:33, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

Also, this article is so Pro-Philippines. It seems that it was written by a Philippine govt employee. There is no mention of poverty or corruption. The brain drain is not even addressed.- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.93.73.207 (talk) 01:06, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

Chaos!
The table below is probably not entirely accurate, due either to problems I've introduced in putting it together or to updated info at cited sources overtaking outdated info citing those sources. Even so, I think this is pretty close, and I think that it points up a real editorial problem.

Wikipedia articles have a lot of entropy, and it's necessary to wage a constant battle against increases in disorder. However, in this case it looks as if things have probably started out in a disordered state.

Would it be possible to come to some sort of consensus in the community of people interested in maintaining the wikipedia pages represented by the table columns about what figures from which sources should be used for this sort of thing and to put the consensus figure in the "to be used" column of this table? If so, a notice that this is being done could be placed in the affected pages (AFAIK, just two articles and one template), which could be updated with sync'd-up and cite-supported figures once this is finished. Also, once this is finished, that "to be used" list could be saved somewhere and used to re-synchronize pages which drift and to track what pages need updating when supporting source content is updated.

Comments? -- Boracay Bill (talk) 04:17, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

a

$38$

No supporting source cited

b

c Rosemarie Francisco, writing on Yahoo Business

d

CIA Factbook

Software section removed
I've removed the Software subsection, which read as follows: This might or might not be link spam, but it's not a very notable bit of info in terms of the national economy. Also, the impression given that this is a Philippine company appears to be false. The Trend Micro article opens as follows:
 * "====Software====
 * One of the software houses established in the country is Trend Micro, a small anti virus software maker with its main product PC-Cillin. The company develops its "cures" for viruses in Eastwood City, Libis, Quezon City." (citing
 * "Trend Micro (TYO: 4704) is a global company, headquartered in Tokyo, that develops software to protect against computer viruses. Steve Chang, a Taiwanese, the founder and former CEO of the company, started the company in California in 1988. Its headquarters are in Tokyo. In 2004 Chang passed leadership to Eva Chen, co-founder of Trend Micro. She was CTO from 1996 to 2004. One of her best known developments is Trend Micro InterScan VirusWall."

That article goes on to say:
 * "... they have a global virus/worm response center, called TrendLabs. Its offices are located in Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, China, France, Germany, Ireland, USA, Dubai, Australia & New Zealand."

If foreign firms with offices and fsacilities in the Philippines are to be highlighted, there are probably many more notable cases. -- Boracay Bill (talk) 23:42, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Typo...
I guess a major wank failure would result in less growth.- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.217.58.145 (talk) 04:22, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Philippines Capitalist?
Since when is the Philippines a Capitalist Economy or a Market Economy? Philippines is a mixed economy. Take the ownership of Meralco for example. It is basically both privately owned and government owned which is basically Fascism. Philippines has a lot of regulations so the "Market Economy" doesnt apply to the Philippines. Based on my opinion, Philippines is more of a Socialist country but with Private Property. Philippines also has a lot of protectionist policies which is basically Mercantile. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.208.74.186 (talk) 16:20, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

Capitalist?
"During this time, capitalism became highly prevalent in the nation, as major American corporations dominated local industry alongside a few local entrepreneurs."

What is this supposed to mean? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.88.239.130 (talk) 22:44, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

7.3% vs. 7.9%
Re this reversion. I've taken another look at the cited supporting sources; it looks like I was editing too hastily in my edit which you reverted and misread something. Thanks for the correction. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 05:20, 6 November 2010 (UTC)

 * No problem. There seems to be a sneaky vandal that has developed an attachment to this article—that or someone expressing too much enthusiasm. Lambanog (talk) 03:27, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

No section on agriculture
There is no section on agriculture. There should be considering that this country is still largely rural and twice as many work in agriculture as in industry. The Philippines is defined in part by farms and plantations (think rice terraces, encomiendas, sugar plantations, Dole). Not only should there be a significant section here but there should be a separate article, a la Agriculture in Malaysia or Agriculture in Malawi. At the very least, this should be like Economy of France. Unfortunately I am not an expert and will leave it to others --Bruce Hall (talk) 01:55, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

Made several organization changes
I've made several changes to the organization of this article and would welcome your thoughts. I moved the government budget section to the bottom since this is about the economy and not fiscal policy, though I was tempted to delete the section since it has nothing but the *proposed* budget allocations. I rename "private sector" to "composition of sectors" and added subsections to better reflect the standard division of GDP into agriculture, industry and services, with further subsections on specific sub-sectors. As part of this I changed "business process outsourcing" to the more general term "outsourcing". Not all outsourcing worldwide is business processes. BPO is just a subset of the O. Finally I added in a number of "see also" links since the economy of the Philippines is a topic too big to be adequately discussed in one article. This should be a general overview with links to more specific, targeted articles. Much, much work needs to be done. This article as it stands has far too many charts, graphs, and other details and very little explanation. Encyclopedias are not almanacs and should have less stats and more explanation, but I do have the knowledge to add such expert analysis. --Bruce Hall (talk) 04:14, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Economy of the Philippines
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Economy of the Philippines's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "imf1": From Economy of Vietnam:  From Economy of Azerbaijan:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 15:23, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

External link to tariff data
Hello everyone, I am working for the International Trade Centre (ITC), a UN/WTO agency that aims to promote sustainable economic development through trade promotion. I would like to propose the addition of an external link (http://www.macmap.org/QuickSearch/FindTariff/FindTariff.aspx?subsite=open_access&country=SCC608%7cPhilippines&source=1|ITC) that leads directly to our online database of customs tariffs applied by the Philippines. Visitors can easily look up market access information for the Philippines by selecting the product and partner of their interest. I would like you to consider this link under the WP:ELYES #3 prescriptions. Moreover, the reliability and the pertinence of this link can be supported by the following facts 1) ITC is part of the United Nations, and aims to share trade and market access data on by country and product as a global public good 2) No registration is required to access this information 3) Market access data (Tariffs and non-tariff measures) are regularly updated

Thank you, Divoc (talk) 09:54, 17 October 2014 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Economy of the Philippines
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Economy of the Philippines's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "geo": From Netherlands:  From Southern Leyte: The Provincial Profile of Southern Leyte From Timeline of Philippine history: Geographical History Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila website May 1, 2012

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 22:12, 22 November 2015 (UTC)

First Philippine Republic
This edit caught my eye. When I looked at the edited section and saw "... newly independent country of the Philippines", my jaw dropped. This article is not the place to rewrite the political history of the Philippines, and I made this edit to correct some of that. The First Philippine Republic was not a sovereign national government. It was an unsuccessful rebellion, an insurgency, the continuation of the Philippine Revolution which grew out of the Katipunan movement, and which was ultimately unsuccessful militarily. Discussion of that in this article, though, would give undue weight to a particular politically charged bit of the country's political history when the topic of the article is the country's economy. Please discuss these political points on the talk pages of more topically appropriate articles such as History of the Philippines (1898-1946), First Philippine Republic, Taft Commission, etc. rather than here.

I've also removed an unsupported assertion that Spain left the Philippines in 1900. I have no idea where that might have come from, but please see the Treaty of Paris (1898) article.

On the topic of the country's economy during this period, I see that the text I have not edited makes some specifiic assertions and cites this Nationmaster page in support. I don't know where Nationmaster got their info, but my guess would be that it comes from reports of the Taft Commission (as background, see the first para at http://countrystudies.us/philippines/19.htm in Ronald E. Dolan, ed. Philippines: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991.), and that the figures from that cited source have nothing whatever to do with the economy of the First Philippine Republic. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 00:15, 2 December 2015 (UTC)

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Very Inaccurate "Historical and Future Annual GDP Growth Rates" Table UPDATE THIS! [RESOLVED]
This table is on the very top and is easy to spot. Anyone reading the table will be greatly misinformed. The statistics for the official rate as far as I'm concerned are all wrong and I've cross referenced economic statistics for the official growth rate of the Philippines from 1960s to present and mostly the datas on the table didn't even come close especially the older ones. Worst of all of it is the statistics for the decade 1980-1989 @11% that should be 2.012% to 2.1% max. Reliable and Updated Sources are in the links below. [REMOVE SPACES TO OPEN LINKS] theglobaleconomy. com/Philippines/Economic_growth/ tradingeconomics. com/philippines/gdp-growth-annual business.inquirer. net/211773/economic-and-agriculture-scores-of-philippine-presidents I already summarize this on an excel worksheet, but I can't edit this very inaccurate table. So anyone who has privilege to edit this, pls. update it with the official statistics. Would be better really if it is on a per yr basis too. As for something that is the very first thing that is shown to readers, having this very inaccurate table even at the top of the wiki is a big NO NO.- — Preceding unsigned comment added by Joshua121595 (talk • contribs) 20:58, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

UPDATE as of March 11, 2018 Finally updated the table, turns out I just didn't see the table when I first look at it. However statistics before 1960 has not been updated and still based on the old reference. I can't reference tradingeconomics. com though. But Was able to reference the statistics from theglobaleconomy. com- — Preceding unsigned comment added by Joshua121595 (talk • contribs) 09:13, 11 March 2018 (UTC)

Philippine contacts with the Ancient Greeks in 21 AD is questionable.
We have no other proof that this is true apart from one source with no solid proof of the claim. The claim is speculative at most. The Philippine islands was the most parsley populated area in Southeast Asia that when the Spaniards went here in 16th century, the population of any Philippine "city" did not reach 1 million. This is the reason why the Philippines never had a pre-colonial empire like Japan or China. There were very little inhabitants in the Philippines even when Europe colonized it. Any historian who claims this is true probably has no concept of time, geography, and yes, world history. Ancient Greece in 21 AD was part of the Roman empire. And ancient Rome never really successfully reached colonized India before Alexander the Greay. Ancient Rome never knew that Southeast Asia exists. It is logistically impossible for a Greek seafarer to reach the Philippines neither by navigational expertise nor by shipwrecks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 43.230.109.35 (talk) 14:27, 21 June 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:24, 7 September 2020 (UTC)
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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:23, 15 July 2021 (UTC)
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Semi-protected edit request on 20 August 2021
103.125.150.138 (talk) 07:29, 20 August 2021 (UTC)

The Philippine economy has been growing steadily over decades and the International Monetary Fund in 2014 reported it as the 39th largest economy in the world. However, its growth has been behind that of many of its Asian neighbors, the so-called Asian Tigers, and it is not a part of the Group of 20 nations. Instead, it is grouped in a second tier for emerging markets or newly industrialized countries. Depending on the analyst, this second tier can go by the name the Next Eleven or the Tiger Cub Economies.

In 2012 and 2013, the Philippines posted high GDP growth rates, reaching 6.8% in 2012 and 7.2% in 2013, the highest GDP growth rates in Asia for the first two quarters of 2013, followed by China and Indonesia.

A chart of selected statistics showing trends in the gross domestic product of the Philippines using data taken from the International Monetary Fund.

Indicates economic growth Indicates contraction / recession

 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. — Sirdog (talk) 07:39, 20 August 2021 (UTC)

History section is excessively long
The History section is excessively long and largely duplicates the scope of Economic history of the Philippines. I trimmed the subsection Fifth Philippine Republic (1986–present) (which had duplicate content from Economic history of the Philippines); but the entire History section needs severe condensing and rewriting. Perhaps other editors can help in fixing that section. Sanglahi86 (talk) 00:44, 3 March 2023 (UTC)

 * A bit of a mess. Economic history of the Philippines was originally a Marcos I era-article, but saw a merge of later events in 2016. Then, in 2018, Economic history of the Philippines (1965–1986) was created covering Marcos I again. Some picking through the two articles regarding the Marcos period, and the information on this page, will be needed.An easier situation for pre-Marcos text on this page. I suggest moving it all to Economic history of the Philippines (keeping that page there as the main page seems the simplest option whatever happens to the Marcos text). The Post-Marcos text here should also be moved, it looks like most of it will be able to just be copied over. There is a small amount of overlap with the Post-EDSA macroeconomics section, but that section is a mess that needs sorting out anyway. CMD (talk) 01:50, 3 March 2023 (UTC)
 * I didn't think the situation was even worse than I had thought it is. I will see what I can do about it. Thank you for the information and suggestions. Sanglahi86 (talk) 02:06, 3 March 2023 (UTC)

Statistics section is redundant (Fixed)
Statistics section is just a duplicate from main even though it acts like a repository it doesnt serve its purpose at all I think it should be removed or replaced. Maoylord (talk) 15:04, 9 March 2023 (UTC)

 * I agree it is redundant. I think it can be safely removed if the data it contains already appears in other parts of the article. Sanglahi86 (talk) 03:55, 12 March 2023 (UTC)
 * I will try to summarize it all using a table to retain it somehow. If the tone is not satisying i will give up on it. Maoylord (talk) 09:04, 12 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for expanding/updating the statistics section. However, this is too much detail for the page; I think it would be better for it to stand as a separate article Economic statistics of the Philippines (like Economic statistics of Singapore). Other detailed statistics may also be moved to that proposed page. Sanglahi86 (talk) 11:19, 15 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Im ok with that, remove this section also if there is a new page for this. Also i intentionally make cells without lines over wikitable i was trying to emulate from lead section you can improve it more if you have free time. Maoylord (talk) 11:34, 15 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Economy of the Philippines


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Augustine Volcano

Augustine Volcano (Sugpiaq: Utakineq; Dena'ina: Chu Nula) is a stratovolcano in Alaska consisting of a central complex of summit lava domes and flows surrounded by an apron of pyroclastic, lahar, avalanche, and ash deposits. The volcano is frequently active, with major eruptions recorded in 1883, 1935, 1963–64, 1976, 1986, and 2006. Minor eruptive events were reported in 1812, 1885, 1908, 1944, and 1971. The large eruptions are characterized by an explosive onset followed by the quieter effusion of lava. It forms Augustine Island in southwestern Cook Inlet in the Kenai Peninsula Borough of southcentral coastal Alaska, 174 mi southwest of Anchorage. Augustine Island has a land area of 32.4 sqmi, while West Island, just off Augustine's western shores, has 2 sqmi. The irregular coastline of Augustine Island is due to the repeated catastrophic collapse of the summit dome, forming debris avalanches down the flanks and into Cook Inlet.

The island is mainly made up of past eruption deposits. Scientists have been able to discern that past dome collapse has resulted in large avalanches.

Description and geologic history
The nearly circular uninhabited island formed by Augustine Volcano is 12 km wide east-west, 10 km north-south; a nearly symmetrical central summit peaks at altitude 4134 ft.

Augustine's summit consists of several overlapping lava dome complexes formed during many historic and prehistoric eruptions. Most of the fragmental debris exposed along its slopes comprises angular blocks of dome-rock andesite, typically of cobble to boulder size but carrying clasts as large as 4 to 8 meters (10 to 25 feet), rarely as large as 30 meters (100 ft). The surface of such deposits is hummocky, a field of steep conical mounds and intervening depressions with many meters of local relief. En route to Katmai in 1913, Robert F. Griggs had briefly inferred landslide (debris avalanche) as the origin of Augustine's hummocky coastal topography about Burr Point, by geomorphic analogy with the hummocky and blocky deposit of a 1912 landslide near Katmai.

The hummocky deposits on Augustine's lower flanks resemble both topographically and lithologically those of the great landslide or debris avalanche that initiated the spectacular May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens. The deposit of that landslide revealed the origin of coarse diamicts with hummocky topography at other strato volcanic cones. Since 1980 many hummocky coarsely fragmental deposits on Augustine's lower flanks have come to be interpreted as deposits of numerous great landslides and debris avalanches.

Eruptive activity

January 22, 1976, and March 27, 1986, eruptions deposited ash over Anchorage and disrupted air traffic in southcentral Alaska.

On January 11, 1994, Augustine erupted at 13:44 and 14:13 UTC.

2005–2006
The eruption consisted of four "phases", starting in April 2005 and continuing through March 2006. The precursory phase began as a slow, steady increase in microearthquake activity beneath the volcano on April 30, 2005. An earlier swarm in October 2004 developed seismicity rates that exceeded any observed since the 1986 eruption; however, the six-month-long period of quiescence between this swarm and April 30, 2005, makes any connection to the 2006 eruption uncertain. The number of located VT earthquakes slowly increased from an average of one to two per day in May 2005 to five to six per day in October 2005 to 15 per day in mid-December 2005. December 2 revealed the onset of a series of small phreatic explosions that were clearly recorded on the Augustine seismic network. The largest of these explosions occurred on December 10, 12, and 15. An observational overflight on December 12 revealed vigorous steaming from the summit area, a new vigorous fumarole on the summit's southern side at roughly 3600 ft elevation, and a light dusting of ash on the volcano's southern flanks. A strong plume of steam and gas extended to the southeast. The ash was sampled on December 20 and was found to be a mix of weathered and glassy particles; the latter appear to be remobilized 1986 tephra. Between December 12, 2005, and January 10, 2006, seismicity rates were strongly elevated, with more than 420 earthquakes located by the AVO. Much of this activity occurred in spasmodic bursts similar to those observed before the 1986 eruption.

The volcano erupted on January 11, 2006, entering a second "stage", which would continue until January 28. Tectonic earthquakes began early in January, resulting in an explosive Volcanic Explosivity Index 3 eruption later in that day. Several ash columns were generated, each 9 km above sea level; these plumes were steadily influenced to the north and northeast of the volcano. Samples of the tephra were dense, insinuating that the lava released was mature.

Six explosions were recorded by seismic instruments between January 13, the first of these consuming a seismograph and a CPGS located on the northwestern flank. Ash columns now reached 14 km and Kenai Peninsula residents reported ash deposits. On January 16, a new lava dome was observed on the summit; and the next day another explosive eruption sent ash 13 km into the atmosphere. This explosion created a 20–30 meter wide crater in the new lava dome.

On September 22, 2007, the Alaska Volcano Observatory reported that shallow earthquake activity had increased over the week of September 22. However, the activity was less than its level during the months leading up to the 2005–2006 eruption.

Sensor networks
The Plate Boundary Observatory has a network of 10 high-precision GPS instruments on the flanks of Augustine. Subsequent volcanic activity claimed two of those sites. The Alaska Volcano Observatory also operates a number of seismometers and tiltmeters all around the volcano, including four webcams.

title: Augustine Volcano


text: User talk:65.43.162.24

title: User talk:65.43.162.24


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User:Moorthy~enwiki

Moorthy is one of the Greatest warrior in Mayavaram once upon a time when he was in schooling at D.B.T.R......

title: User:Moorthy~enwiki


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Province of Messina

The province of Messina (provincia di Messina; pruvincia di Missina) was a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily, Italy. Its capital was the city of Messina. It was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Messina.

Territory
It had an area of 3247 km2, which amounts to 12.6 percent of total area of the island, and a total population of more 650,000. There are 108 comuni (: comune) in the province.

The province included the Aeolian Islands, all part of the comune (municipality) of Lipari (with the exception of Salina). The territory is largely mountainous, with the exception of alluvial plain at the mouths of the various rivers. The largest plain is that in the area between Milazzo and Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, which, together with Messina, form a metropolitan area of some 500,000 inhabitants, one of the largest in southern Italy. Much of the population is concentrated in the coastal area, after the hill towns have been largely abandoned from the 19th century.

The main mountain ridges are the Peloritani, up to 1300 m in elevation, and the Nebrodi, up to 1900 m, which are included in a Regional Natural Reserve.

Rivers of the province include the Alcantara and the Pollina, which forms the border with the province of Palermo to the west.

Main comuni
The main comuni (municipalities) by population are:

title: Province of Messina


text:
A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English

A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, also referred to as Kenyon and Knott, was first published by the G. & C. Merriam Company in 1944, and written by John Samuel Kenyon and Thomas A. Knott. It provides a phonemic transcription of General American pronunciations of words, using symbols largely corresponding to those of the IPA. A similar work for English pronunciation is the English Pronouncing Dictionary by Daniel Jones, originally published in 1917 and available in revised editions ever since.

Edward Artin, who succeeded Kenyon as the pronunciation editor of Webster's Dictionary, sought to revise the pronouncing dictionary many years after the publication of Webster's Third (1961), but to no avail, since none of the publishers Artin approached, including the Merriam company, thought it profitable to publish a new edition of the dictionary. After 40 years since its publication, the pronouncing dictionary was still considered the "only major pronouncing dictionary of this century to appear in the United States" according to linguistics historian Arthur J. Bronstein.

Transcription
The dictionary uses a broad transcription rather than a narrow one. For example, the long o vowel of "toe", which is a diphthong in open syllables in most American accents, is represented by the single symbol ⟨o⟩, rather than ⟨oʊ⟩ as it would be represented in a narrow transcription.

One principal application of Kenyon and Knott's system is to teach American English pronunciation to non-native speakers of English. It is commonly used for this purpose in Taiwan, where it is commonly known as "KK Phonetic Transcription" in Chinese.

Vowels
Vowels are distinguished by quality rather than by length.

/i/ 'be', /ɪ/ 'pity' (both vowels), /e/ 'rate', /ɛ/ 'yet', /æ/ 'sang', /ɑ/ 'ah, far', /a/ 'bath' (for those who distinguish this vowel from both /æ/ and /ɑ/), /ɒ/ 'watch', /ɔ/ 'jaw, gorge', /o/ 'go', /ʊ/ 'full', /u/ 'tooth', stressed /ɝ/ and reduced /ɚ/ 'further' (rhotic accent), /ɜ/ and /ə/ 'further' (non-rhotic accent, also non-rhotic /ɜr/ 'furry', /ər/ 'flattery'), stressed /ʌ/ and reduced /ə/ 'custom, above', /aɪ/ 'while', /aʊ/ 'how', /ɔɪ/ 'toy', /ju/ 'using', /ɪu/ 'fuse' (some accents, otherwise /ju/), /ᵻ/ '-ed' (some accents).

Consonants
Consonants are routine. Deviations from strict IPA are /r/ 'rate' and /hw/ 'while', as well as the lack of tie bars on /tʃ/, /dʒ/. /j/ has its standard IPA value. /m, n, l/ may be marked as syllabic.

/r/ has minimal effect on a preceding vowel, compared to some dictionary transcriptions. Sequences, some only before another vowel, are /ɪr, er, ɛr, ær, ər, ɑr, ɒr, ɔr, ʊr, aɪr, ɪʊr, jʊr/, and in some accents /ʌr, ɜr/.


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Xiao Gang

Xiao Gang (born 1958 in Ji'an, Jiangxi) was the chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission from March 2013 until 20 February 2016. He was previously chairman of the board of directors of Bank of China Limited, of the Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited, and deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, the central bank of the People's Republic of China. He has been credited for playing a crucial role in the reform of China's banking sector.

Biography
Xiao Gang graduated from Hunan Institute of Finance and Economics in 1981. He holds a master's degree in International Economic Law from the Renmin University of China (1996).

Xiao Gang joined the People's Bank of China in 1981 where he served as director of research, head of the foreign exchange trade center, and assistant governor in October 1996. From October 1998 to March 2003, he was deputy governor of the PBOC, and member of the Currency Policy Committee from 2000 to March 2003.

Xiao Gang was appointed the chairman of the board in Bank of China Limited in March 2003.

Xiao Gang was appointed chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission in March 2013. He was the scapegoat for critics after the July–August 2015 stock market mayhem (28% drop in value). He is blamed for allowing a speculative bubble to grow which led millions of Chinese families to lose their invested savings. In an article of Foreign policy, David Wertime argues that the Chinese government, through its state-controlled media outlets, clearly favored Xiao Gang's fast-growth policy.

On 20 February 2016, Xiao stepped down as chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission. He is a Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the China Finance 40 Forum (CF40).

Family
Xiao Gang is married to Wu Touhong (b. 1959). Wu Touhong graduated from Hunan Institute of Finance and Economics, and served at China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd.(CMBC) as chief financial officer. Together they have two sons, Xiao Haojie (Michael) and Xiao Nan (Leo). Xiao Haojie (Michael) served as the board member at GF Securities. Xiao Nan (Leo) studied MBA at UCLA Anderson School of Management.

Xiao Gang has famously let his hair go grey, while most Chinese high-ranking officials dye their hair black.

title: Xiao Gang


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Peach blossom

The peach blossom (Thyatira batis) is a moth of the family Drepanidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

It is found throughout Europe and east through the Palearctic to Japan and Mongolia. It is a fairly common species in the British Isles.

It is a striking species with brown forewings marked with five pink and white blotches which do rather resemble the petals of peach blossom. The hindwings are buff and grey. The wingspan is 40–45 mm. The species flies at night, in western Europe in June and July sometimes with a partial second brood emerges in late August and September. The species is attracted to light and sugar.

The larva is brown with white markings and several humps along its back. At rest it raises both ends as with many drepanids. It feeds on various Rubus species. The species overwinters as a pupa.

 * 1) The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.

Subspecies

 * Thyatira batis batis (Russia, Mongolia, Japan, Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Algeria, Europe, China: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang)
 * Thyatira batis formosicola Matsumura, 1933 (Taiwan)
 * Thyatira batis pallida (Rothschild, 1920) (Sumatra)
 * Thyatira batis rubrescens Werny, 1966 (India, Nepal, Vietnam, China: Henan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet)

title: Peach blossom


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Jack Ward

John Ward (c. 1553 – 1622), also known as  Birdy or later as Yusuf Reis, was an English pirate who later became a Corsair for the Ottoman Empire operating out of Tunis during the early 17th century.

According to writer Giles Milton, Jack Ward was an inspiration for Jack Sparrow of the Pirates of the Caribbean film franchise.

Early life
What little is known about Ward's early life comes from a pamphlet purportedly written by someone who sailed with him during his pirate days. Ward seems to have been born about 1553, probably in Faversham, Kent, in southeast England. Like many born in coastal areas, he spent his youth and early adult years working in the fisheries. After the failed invasion of England by the Spanish Armada in 1588, Ward found work as a privateer, plundering Spanish ships with a license from Queen Elizabeth I of England. When James I of England ended the war with Spain upon assuming the throne in 1603, many privateers refused to give up their livelihood and simply continued to plunder. Those who did were considered pirates because they no longer had valid licenses – called letters of marque – issued by the state.

Around 1604, Ward was allegedly pressed into service on a ship sailing under the authority of the King (the Royal Navy had yet to become a formal institution), where he was placed in the Channel Fleet and served aboard a ship named the Lyon's Whelp.

Turn to piracy
According to Andrew Barker, a captive of Ward's who wrote A True & Accurate Account of the beginning, proceedings, overthrows, and now present estate of Captain Ward and Danseker, Ward was drinking in a Plymouth tavern with thirty of his shipmates. He is alleged to have said:

"My mates, quoth he, whats to be done? Here's a scurvy world, and as scurvily we live in't, we feed here upon the water, on the Kings salt beef, without ere a pence to buy us a bissell [bushel of grain] when we come ashore. Revel, supp, and be merry, every one at the proper charge of his own purse. This night, when the Captain and Officers shall conjecture nothing but that we are drawing dry the pot, we'll be diving arm deep in the Fugitives bags."

- Andrew Barker

Ward and his colleagues deserted and stole a small 25-ton barque from Portsmouth Harbour. Ward's comrades elected him captain, one of the earliest precedents for pirates choosing their own leader. They sailed to the Isle of Wight and captured another ship, the Violet, a ship rumored to be carrying the treasure of Roman Catholic refugees. The ship turned out to be empty of treasure, but the enterprising Ward used her to capture a much larger French ship.

Ward and his men sailed for the Mediterranean where he was able to acquire a Dutch 32-gun flyboat, which he renamed The Gift. Ward first sailed for Algiers, but several of his men were arrested upon entering the city. Algiers had been attacked by another English mariner, Richard Giffard, only months earlier. They sailed to the Moroccan Atlantic port city Salé, Morocco where in 1605 several English and Dutch sailors, including Richard Bishop and Anthony Johnson, joined Ward's crew.

In the summer of 1606, Ward captured a dhow in the Strait of Gibraltar allegedly carrying Catholic slaves. In August 1606 Ward arranged with Uthman Dey to use Tunis as a base of operations. Uthman Bey, or Kara Osman Bey, was the commander of the Janissary corps in Tunis. That garrison supplanted the Pasha of Tunis as the rulers of Tunis in 1598, making Uthman Bey the military dictator of the city. According to their arrangement, Uthman Bey would have first refusal of all goods, up to ten percent of all goods captured.

In early November 1606 Ward captured the English merchantman John Baptist under Captain John Keye. He renamed the merchantman Little John after the English folk hero. From this base, Jack Ward was easily able to capture many ships from several European states. Ward's top lieutenant, William Graves, captured a small English merchantman called the York Bonaventure captained by Andrew Barker. The richest hauls on these early cruises were the valuable Venetian ships Rubi (taken on 16 November 1606) and Carminati (taken on 28 January 1607).

The Reniera e Soderina
John Ward outfitted Gift, Little John, Rubi, & Carminati for piracy over the late winter and early spring of 1607. His fleet headed for the Adriatic Sea when they were scattered by a terrible storm. Ward, onboard Gift, found only the Rubi before heading for the Eastern Mediterranean. On 26 April 1607, between Cyprus and Turkey, Ward spotted "a great argosy of fourteen or fifteen hundred tons", a Venetian ship named Reniera e Soderina.

Rubi was 400 tons, and Gift only 200 tons, yet the crew elected to attack the Reniera e Soderina. They fought a three-hour firefight, but Reniera e Soderina was too large to maneuver in the light winds, so her guns never scored a hit. Ward's ships managed to pierce her hull five times, lighting bales of hay aflame inside. Finally, Ward ordered his ships to close and prepare to board.

The crew of Reniera e Soderina voted to fight and repel the boarding party, and the captain handed out small arms. However, a well-timed volley of chain shot from Rubi hit at least two defenders, tearing them apart. The carpenter aboard Reniera e Soderina confronted his captain, telling him to surrender or face a mutiny. The captain consented, and Ward captured Reniera e Soderina with no further fighting. According to Andrew Barker her cargo was "esteemed to be worth two millions in the least."

The English government didn't concur. They estimated the cargo to be worth only £500,000. Still, a report from the Venetian Ambassador in London told the privy council that Venice was close to declaring war on England due to Ward's piracy. That ambassador, Secretary Esposizioni, wrote:"That famous pirate, Ward, so well-known in this port for the damage he has done, is beyond a doubt the greatest scoundrel that ever sailed from England. He has refitted a Venetian ship Soderina and turned her into a berton, with forty pieces of bronze artillery on the lower, and twenty on the upper deck. He has given his old ship to Captain [Graves] and these two and some other four ships form six fighting ships in all."The English Ambassador in Venice assured the Council "As to Ward, who captured the Soderina and transformed her into a berton, he will meet with a warm reception if he comes into these waters."

Conversion to Islam
Following his return to Tunis in June 1607, Ward outfitted Reniera e Soderina into a powerful Man-o-War. The crew cut at least 20 new gun ports into her hull to accommodate all 60 brass guns. He set out to sail in early 1608. Then, in March, a ship spotted wreckage of a ship off the coast of Greece, and rumors began to spread that it was Reniera e Soderina and John Ward was dead.

Ward asked James I of England for a royal pardon which was refused, due to a threat of war from Venice, as Ward had attacked many Venetian ships, and he reluctantly returned to Tunis. Uthman Dey, an Ottoman officer of Tunis, kept his word and granted him protection. He accepted Islam along with his entire crew and changed his name to Yusuf Reis, with a nickname of Chakour or Chagour, because he used an axe in his piracy acts. He used the city of Aquilaria (El Haouaria) as an acting port, and married an Italian woman while he continuing to send money to his English wife. In 1612 a play called A Christian Turn'd Turk was written about his conversion by the English dramatist Robert Daborne.

It is doubtful that English converts to Islam in Tunis had to follow the religion strictly: French traveller Laurent d'Arvieux visited the city later that century, and made note of its liberal attitude to religion.

Later years
An English sailor who saw him in Tunis in 1608 allegedly described Ward as "very short with little hair, and that quite white, bald in front; swarthy face and beard. Speaks little and almost always swearing. Drunk from morn till night...The habits of a thorough salt. A fool and an idiot out of his trade."

During the next few years ballads and pamphleteers condemned John Ward for turning corsair.

Ward continued raiding Mediterranean shipping, eventually commanding a whole fleet of corsairs, whose flagship was a Venetian sixty-gunner. After 1612 he ended his career in piracy, electing to teach younger corsairs gunnery and navigation. He profited greatly by his piracy, retiring to Tunis to live a life of opulent comfort until his death in 1622, at the age of 70, possibly from the plague.

Legacy
From 1609 until 1615 dozens of plays, ballads, memoirs, pamphlets, and books would be written about England's Arch-Pirate. The most prominent include A Christian Turn'd Turk by Robert Daborne, Nevves from Sea, Of two notorious Pyrats Ward the Englishman and Danseker the Dutchman, Captain Ward and the Rainbow, and A True and Certain Report of the Beginning, Proceedings, Overthrows, and Now Present Estate of Captain Ward and Danseker, the Two Late Famous Pirates from their First Setting forth to this Present Time by Andrew Barker.

It has been suggested that his nickname was "Sharkey" and was the origin of this nickname, now given to anyone in the Royal Navy with the surname "Ward".

Numerous TV series and movies have been based on Jack Ward.

To his contemporaries, Ward was an enigmatic figure, in some ways like a Robin Hood, but in the 16th and 17th centuries, many English pirates operated out of the mouth of the Sebou River and preyed on Mediterranean shipping. Ward was supposed to have spared English ships while attacking "papist" vessels. John Ward and Simon Danseker are credited with introducing Barbary corsairs to the use of square-rigged ships of northern Europe.

The ballad "Captain Ward and the Rainbow" is very likely based on Jack Ward.

A fictionalized account of Ward's career appears in Thomas Costain's historical novel For My Great Folly, which was published in 1942.

In the 2010s, various Turkish newspapers and websites popularised a hypothesis put forth in the monthly Derin Tarih that John Ward could be the inspiration for the character Jack Sparrow from the film series Pirates of the Caribbean. The BBC History Magazine also presented John Ward as an inspiration for the character.

title: Jack Ward


text:
Belweder

Belweder (from the Italian belvedere, "beautiful view") is a neoclassical palace in Warsaw, Poland. Erected in 1660 and remodelled in the early 1800s, it is one of several official residences used by Polish presidents as well as a state guest house for visiting heads of state. The complex is situated south of Warsaw's city center, in the vicinity of the historic Royal Baths Park (Łazienki).

History
The present building is the latest of several that stood on the site since 1660. Belweder once belonged to Poland's last king, Stanislaus Augustus, who used it as a porcelain-manufacturing plant. From 1818 it was the residence of Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich, who de facto acted as viceroy in the Congress Kingdom of Poland. He fled from Belweder at the beginning of the November 1830 Uprising.

After the re-establishment of Poland's independence following the First World War (1918), Belweder served as the residence of Marshal Józef Piłsudski, Chief of State (1918–22) and later (1926–35) Minister of Military Affairs of Poland. Intermittently, it was also the residence of President Stanisław Wojciechowski. After the May 1926 coup d'état, the ownership of the complex had passed from Wojciechowski to Piłsudski, who died there in 1935.

During World War II, the building was extensively remodelled for Hans Frank, Governor of Nazi-occupied Poland and the so-called General Government. It remains one of the few original structures in Warsaw to survive the war.

In 1945–1952 it was the residence of Bolesław Bierut, and later of the president of the Council of State. From 1989 to July 1994, it was the official residence of Poland's presidents (Wojciech Jaruzelski and Lech Wałęsa), but proved too small for that purpose. Later on president Bronisław Komorowski used it as his private residence. Belweder is normally used by the president and the government for ceremonial purposes, while the president resides at the "Presidential Palace" in the city center. It also serves as an official residence for heads of state on official visits to Poland and other important guests. There have been plans to turn the Belweder Palace into a museum dedicated to Józef Piłsudski. Currently it houses a small exhibition devoted to the Marshal.

title: Belweder


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Thomas Raymond Kelly (Quaker mystic)

Thomas Raymond Kelly (June 4, 1893 – January 17, 1941) was an American Quaker educator. He taught and wrote on the subject of mysticism. His books are widely read, especially by people interested in spirituality.

Kelly was born in 1893 in Chillicothe, Ohio, to a Quaker family (members of the Religious Society of Friends). The branch of Quakerism in which he was raised (Wilmington Yearly Meeting) had been influenced by the 19th century revivalists and worship services were similar to other low-church Protestant groups.

He graduated in 1913 from Wilmington College as a chemistry major. Then he went to Haverford College just outside Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he came under the mentoring of Rufus Jones, a prominent Friend. It was at this time that he came into contact with the more traditional mystical vein of the Religious Society of Friends.

Kelly went to Hartford Theological Seminary to be trained as a missionary and he desired to serve in Asia. When World War I broke out, he signed up to work for the YMCA with the troops in training at Salisbury Plain in England. He eventually worked with German prisoners of war. He was fired as he and many of his colleagues became ardent pacifists and the military did not want persons with those views to have access to military personnel. When he returned to the United States he completed his Seminary training and married Lael Macy.

Kelly taught for two years (1919–1921) at his alma mater, Wilmington College. Then he went back to Hartford Seminary where he earned a doctorate in philosophy and an induction to Phi Beta Kappa. He and his wife then went to Berlin and worked with the American Friends' Service Committee in the child feeding program, where they were instrumental in founding the Quaker community in Germany.

When he returned he was appointed head of the Philosophy Department of Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana. He was unhappy there and came to realize that he did not agree with much of his evangelical background anymore.

In 1930 Kelly began working on a second Ph.D. at Harvard. While working on this degree he taught at Wellesley College (1931–1932) and again at Earlham (1932–1935). In 1935, he went to teach at the University of Hawaii and began advanced research in Eastern philosophies.

In 1936, Kelly became a professor at Haverford College. He published the dissertation for his second doctorate in 1937, but he failed in the oral defense due to a memory lapse; this failure put Kelly into a period of grief, during which time he apparently had a spiritual awakening.

In 1938, Kelly went to Germany to encourage Friends living under Hitler's regime.

Kelly received word on January 17, 1941, that Harper and Brothers was willing to meet with him to discuss the publication of a devotional book. He died of a heart attack in Haverford, Pennsylvania, later that same day. Three months later Kelly's colleague, Douglas V. Steere, submitted five of Kelly's devotional essays to the publisher along with a biographical sketch of Kelly. The book was published under the title A Testament of Devotion. Some of his other essays have been collected in a book entitled The Eternal Promise. A formal biography was written by his son, Richard Kelly in 1966, and published by Harper and Row.

Family
Kelly was married to Lael and they had two children, Lois and Richard.

title: Thomas Raymond Kelly (Quaker mystic)