text:
Wikipedia:Historical archive/New user log/January 2005

Morton Lin : Here I am !
I'm an engineer who worked in CCL, ITRI, Taiwan. All I want to say is, "WIKIPEDIA, you have my sword."

Morton.lin 09:01, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Hi
Hi everyone. I'm a student at Stanford University, and I'm just here because the articles are fascinating to read, and I would like to help out in any way I can to this amazing compilation. I have lots of interests, and am majoring in Biological Sciences, but have a lot of learning ahead of me (both about writing here and in life).

Gccwang 00:06, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

d33j4y - hello world!
Hello. I've been lurking in the shadows for a couple of years, and finally thought it was time to come out of the cold. Wikipedia has been phenomenally useful to me, and I hope to be able to give something back. Cheers! D33j4y 18:38, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Etacar11
Hi everyone, I'm an astronomer who lives in New York City. I've joined because I feel the obligation to expand the article on my brother Neal Fredericks, who died last August. (I promise to not be unseemly!)

My interests include astronomy (obviously), music, movies, science fiction/fantasy, history, and web design.

I've often found my way to Wikipedia because I answer questions for NASA's Ask a High Energy Astronomer.

Etacar11 21:48, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Stephen Deloney
Hello, my name is of course Stephen Deloney. I actually heard about this site while listening to the Library of Congress's Series on the digital future. I find the total idea thoroughly facinating. I am happy to participate in this great program. I am currently a high school senior at Saint James HS in Montomery, Alabama. I am interested in Psychology, Astronomy, Socialogy, and Religion. I am a United Methodist and intend to go into the ministry in a few years. I accept science and "the real world" theories such as evolution don't bother me. I find that I am able to think out of the box on issues such as God, Jesus, and scripture. Needless to say I might get excommunicated before I make it up the aisle to my pulpit

Hello everyone
I have been checking out this page for a long time now, and I have mostly been interested in the TV Shows. Most notably, I'm working on an episode list for the show "Soul Train", and I hope that this would be a good contribution to the Wikipedia page. Thank you for welcoming me into this space.

Scott Davis
I've used the Wikipedia as a useful information resource quite a few times. Sitting at home on holidays, I decided to sign up and add to a few articles, so here I am. ScottDavis 07:25, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Consequencefree - Hello to you
Found my way to Wiki because it pops up on nearly every google search I make. I'm interested in too much to list. From the lower mainland of beautiful British Columbia I love the outdoors almost as much as the indoors. The idea--an online encyclopedia for edit by anybody--is intriguing. I hope to make worthwhile contribution! [[User:Consequencefree| Ardent † ∈ ]] 07:22, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Heya! Our member names are a wee bit similar. 172.189.25.138 09:47, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * D'oh! Helps if I'm logged in. –– Constafrequent (talk page) 09:49, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Hello from Louisiana
I've been hearing about these blogs since the elections and thought I'd check it out so I suppose I'm signed in now :)

Greetings
I'm looking forward to learning more about Wikipedia, and hopefully contributing. I really like what I've seen so far about how the community manages itself. I'm a PHP hobbyist, and expect to be taking a look under the hood sooner or later to learn more about the site engine. I was a professional copy editor some years ago, though my editorial chops are a little rusty. My interests are widely varied and terribly esoteric. Please be gentle as the learning curve is scaled! Mr. Nobody 22:58, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Finally saying hi...
I've been reading the Wikipedia for a long time and finally decided to de-lurk. I'm a computer system administrator and video game enthusiast with a fondness for random knowledge. Pinball22 07:57, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Hey from C.J.
I'm a French-born British-American studying history and politics at Liverpool. I've been on Wiki for a few months, I love it. I can't remember how I found it, through google I think. I spend a lot of my time on Wiki just clicking from article to article, from TV series, mangas, philosophy or autoerotic asphyxiation, it so easy to just browse and enjoy the knowledge. I mostly edit political articles or the odd historical or french culture article, oh and typo-grammar-better-wording edits.

Greetings from a WikiGnome
Hi all, I've been doing small changes for a while now, improving Wikipedia by removing vandalism and making minor additions. I think of myself as a WikiGnome, small improvements and without much fuss. I tend to avoid the big issues on talk pages. I'm thinking of changing this, hence my "hello." Hi all, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Tyro the Kinky Kitty 21:59, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

New User: Paul Hammond
Hi Everybody. I'm a 33 year old Brit who just stumbled into Wikipedia a few days ago, through a reference to an article on Usenet, and decided to register. Haven't really written my Userpage yet. Mostly I have been editing articles about Doctor Who, and I intend to write up a few serial synopses. PaulHammond 15:37, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

LowKey
Greetings. LowKey from Ipswich, Qld (that's Oz). I've been rummaging in wikipedia for a while now, and decided that it's time to de-lurk and contribute. Not planning anything major yet. I want to get my user page sorted out, & I'll probably mostly contribute via the cleaning department or typo team until I'm more comfortable with editing. LowKey 13:02, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

moa3333
hi. I am (still) a student in computers. I live in France, near Paris. But i love wikipedia in english because it is more international an complete. I want to enhance the quaity of pages about software and computers, also to improve the description of various software programs as well as a guide to all existing programs on each category. Dont forget wikipedia is based on free software and is only the one and only place to expand the organized knoledge we have about the world. It is no to me only a book of reference, like real encyclopedias, but a place where people can find out more about the word. Wikipedia comes into the sceene when Google and normal forums have too much information, bad quality information. (that was not against goolge and normal forums).

I joined wikipedia only once, but wikipedia is going to help me get involved where thinks are hapening (in contradiction with google who will show me more than 30000 results when i search for a good open-source trategy game). Here we are, i like this game, please take a look on my page to find more. (you can try searching for "best strategy free game" on google and you will be amaized how many "free" games are there; but on wikipedia you will click only once to find what free realy means...think GNU and open source) Moa3333 14:03, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Very glad to be here
Wow. Want to be part of this instead of hearing about it and then playing catch up. Great stuff, great colaboration...what a forum.

Looking forward to participating. Adventure Chicken 20:50, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I'm new, help please?
I'd like to join the team here, but how does one get one's own name and tell area of expertise?

Guardian of Light (is this the proper way to put my name, or is it real name?) 67.173.1.199 00:54, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. I hope you enjoy it here, and look forward to your contributions. If you create an account, all your edits will automatically have your name on (pseudonyms are fine; see Usernames for more info); in case you haven't picked up on it (which it looks like you have), the magic code for automatically signing in a discussion is ~.
 * But as for "joining the team" and "telling your area of expertise", just be bold - go forth and edit right now, and you're bound to pick things up as you go along. You'll find most people are very friendly, but don't be put off if someone is a bit blunt when you slip up on one of our many policies and guidelines, it happens to the best of us! If you really want to help in a particular area, you might find there's a "WikiProject" co-ordinating effort in the area - or maybe you could suggest a new one. Finally, if you need any help, you can always ask at the help desk, or start a discussion at the village pump. Once again, welcome! - IMSoP 01:47, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

IMpbt
Hi, A student here just hoping to learn and contribute to wikipedia

New to this wiki business
I've used Wikipedia for a few years now, but I that the fact that I can actually edit the pages really easily has finally hit me. I hope to be able to share my interest in Final Fantasy and Japanese Culture. Now I can have a place to vent some of my obsessions. :) Baltakatei 22:40, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Good!
I've known Wikipedia since August 2003 and I've made several contributions from February-December 2004. See my User page for a little more about me as a Wikipedian. Georgia guy 22:57, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Secretcurse
Hi all! I've been reading the wiki for a while, and finally decided to make myself useful. I am a journalist by trade and am interested in an odd assortment of stuff, including a lot of popular culture (especially music, especially alt/indie/punk rock), a little history, modern literature, some true crime, etc. I live in Arlington, Va. Secretcurse 23:49, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

New Participant: CocoaZen
Hi! I've used Wikipedia as a source many times and have recently started participating in other wikies. I look forward to contributing to this excellent effort! - CocoaZen 23:04, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Not exactly "new"
I'm only "new" to the wikiworld inasmuch as this type of interaction is itself new. I wrote my first wikipedia article probably over 2 years ago...but if introductions are necessary, I guess now's as good a time as any to make mine... I'm a (omg) 32 year old single Jewish guy from the US (originally from Puerto Rico), interested in pretty much every realm of Jewish study, as well as in basically every aspect of Comparative Religion, Anthropology, Archaeology, Physics, Astronomy, Comparative Linguistics and Computer Science, and any number of other fields. :-) Had I time to do so, I would devote all of it to the wikiworld, because I believe so strongly in the universal right of access to information.  Unfortunately, I am only conversant in English, Spanish, German, Danish, Dutch, Papiamento, Ladino, Yiddish, Hebrew, Russian, French, Italian, Portuguese, Japanese and Blue Hmong.  Interesting stupid fact about myself:  when other kids in junior high school might have been bored, I invented a new language, which I named Mágwos (pronounced "MAHNG-gwos" for the almost-illiterate English-speakers in the audience...), based on modified and normalized Indo-European roots.
 * It's a shame you don't speak any African language, really.  — mark ✎ 01:34, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah. I only know a few phrases in Swahili and Igbo.  I can understand most Afrikaans, if that counts...  Tomer TALK 10:18, Mar 27, 2005 (UTC)

great to be here
After hearing Wikipedia referenced around the office water cooler, I decided I should be a part of it. I humbly hope to contribute, having benefitted from the vast amounts I've taken. I'm currently working on a PhD in Physics (in Boulder, CO), but like most, I have many varied interests. I've only made minor contributions so far, but have plans for expanding a few articles. Can I call myself a Wikipedian yet? Archie Paulson 18:05, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure! Physics is not exactly my piece of cake (I'm more at home in linguistics), but it's always great to have more PhD's on board. I wonder what you think of the Wikipedia coverage of physics.  — mark ✎ 01:54, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Modnar
Hello all. Like others, I found the wikipedia via google. My background is game development, especially graphics and networking, so I'll probably sniff around in that topic for articles to write/edit :) Modnar 22:01, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Adam Sanders
Hi, I just discovered Wikipedia tonight, browsing the internet while my wife is sleeping :-) I am 23, and a grad. student getting an MA in Theology from Gordon-Conwell Theo. Seminary in Hamilton, Massachusetts.  After seminary I hope to get into a doctoral program in philosophy and eventually become a professor.  My interests include ethics, epistemology, theology (particularly of the Reformed stripe), computers, and file-sharing.  I hope to contribute to Wikipedia by doing some editing work, but I don't have any ambitions of pumping hours into articles because I just don't think I have the time.  68.160.5.105 05:27, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)Adam Sanders

 * Hi Adam. Hope you enjoy being here.  If you click on the link in the top-right corner of the screen, you can create a user account that gives you a stable identity.  (Users who are not logged in appear as four numbers - your computer's log-in address.  These numbers can vary from session to session).  You don't have to log in to edit here, but it helps other users to talk to you if they want to.  I, for instance, am PaulHammond 13:15, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC)

Chris Drost
Pseudonew. I've done edits before and I'm doing edits now. My current focus is Christian views on homosexuality, which needs some real work if it's going to concisely, accurately, and conveniently portray the Christian debate on homosexuality.

-- Drostie 20:59, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

AliceCrypto
Although I've just created this account, I had made over a thousand edits altogether anonymously or otherwise. However, I wished to start again. So please don't ask me about my history. So: hello everyone.-- AliceCrypto (Talk|Contributions) 16:52, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Henry Williams
I've recently registered here, although I have been contributing anonymously since the start of December. At first I was amazed that such a thing could work without massive vandalism, by with watchlists, it works brilliantly, as a great way to pass information. I'm from Ireland, and have an interest in Irish history and politics, but also cinema and elements of science-fiction. Henry Williams 09:35, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

At your service!
I'm your usual twenty-something student from old Europe who's got many interests and much too much useless knowledge I want to share. I am studying screenplay writing, thus know a lot about movies and literature, alongside philosophy and politics, comics and animation, electronic music and cooking. Though I still don't know how all of this goes together... ;-) Kodayu 22:23, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Oklonia
I'm not a brand-new user, but I haven't been here very long either. I'm a young person still in college, and have an interest in writing and electronic entertainment. I like spending time on this site for several reasons, for reports for my professors or just to amuse myself and gain knowledge at the same time. Anyways, hello, and I hope that I'm welcome at Wikipedia. Oklonia 01:56, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Say Nihao to everyone!
My English is not good enough to communicate with English native speakers fluently. But I will try my best. I'm a high school student in Shanghai. This summer, I will have a college entrance exam. So I have a lot of homework to do everyday! But luckily, I found wikipedia, which I have long expected, through an accidental search in google. I'm born with a great curiosity to know everything around me and what's goin' on in every corner in the world, and even in the space. I like history, geography, music(my favourite band is Backstreet Boys), sports(I'm a fan of Liverpool FC and Inter Milan, and I also enjoy the incredible performance of LeBron James in Cleveland Cavalries in NBA) etc. And I can learn a lot in those fields in wikipedia. So visiting wikipedia is my only entertainment besides the heavy school work. When I enter the Fudan University successfully this summer, I will participate in the editing and apply for becoming an administrator. I hope you will benefit from my contributions. If you have a similar range of interest with me or you just wanna become a friend of mine, I will surely be glad. As a newcomer, I should learn how to work in wikipedia, so it will be fine if someone of you teach me what and how to do. I will appreciate it if anyone give me a help. Thanks! At last, I just wanna say hello to every wikipedian! Anthony Aragorn 05:58, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Avid Scuba Diver
Hello, what a great place to happen in on the web. I hope to be of usefulness with scuba diving topics and travel destiniations! I run a travel site  on the web and hope to also use info from this site for information!

Greetings, strangers
I'm Dave. Calgarian (Alberta, Canada). So far, I've had one page out of one deleted. In my free time I enjoy listening to and creating music, eating 3-10 meals a day, and staring at my carpet. I hope to make my new home here and not make pages. Love, Dave.

Neil Marshman
Hi Wiki fans - Neil Marshman from England joining the community

Feantur
Feantur 22:53, 2005 Jan 23 (UTC) says Hi!

Maryna Ravioli
Hello,

I found my way here (via Wikiquote) some two weeks ago, looking for quotes of Stanisław Jerzy Lec, using a search engine. I am a Pole from London and into all kinds of stuff (more on my user page).

Maryna Ravioli 14:31, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Mr_alex_hall
I created my account some time ago and only just found mention of this page at User:Lydgate Lydgate's user page. --Mr alex hall 00:43, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

John Congerton
Hello and thanks for the welcome. Please excuse my stumbling start, I promise to reduce the number of minor edits per day, honest. I got here by noticing wikipedia hits in other search engines that led to interesting stuff. THEN I noticed that one was allowed to author!

I've spent 30 years in the computer industry, but even so it's still a major interest, as are Ancient History, Languages, Geomorphology, Evolutionary biology, Scottish Things, Aotearoa, and of course Rock Music as befits a child of the 60s. I do love a debate that stays reasonably in balance and progresses.

JohnCongerton 12:14, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC) Australia!

Greetings from Preston Landers
Hello. My name is Preston Landers. I've been a registered Wikipedian for few weeks now but I just now discovered this new user page and thought I'd say 'Hi!' I am a 28 year old software developer in Austin, Texas. I'm interested in all sorts of topics (you might say my interests are encyclopedic) but particularly History and Science. I've also installed an internal MediaWiki site at my company for our technical knowledgebase. I've also done a little bit of MediaWiki / PHP hacking lately. -- Planders 20:03, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Brand new member
Hi all. I just got registered with Wikipedia. I've been reading it voraciously for a couple of months now, ever since I discovered it. Just traipsing along from one article to the next is great fun! I decided to become a member just because I really enjoy the community and the whole idea behind Wiki, and I'd love to make a contribution, however small. I have a wide range of interests, including music (folk, blues, country, rock), history (especially American and British) and literature. I'm a huge trivia buff too, so Wikipedia is a great, fantastic voyage for me everytime I open it up. Thanks!!

Jasonnaas 20:44, Jan 25, 2005 (UTC)

Wow Wikipedia
What a great treat to find you here on the www...

This is just such a good people free community thing..

I love you.

May God/Allah/Buddha bless you.

John Geaney,

Killarney.

Co Kerry,

Ireland.

AdminsDeath logs In
I just discovered Wikipedia through the great and wonderful Mozilla Firefox. I am late 30's software/Web Developer for the ARNG. I have been a contractor for the DOD for many years now and look forward to everyday of work. I have strong beliefs that if you don’t love your job do not do it. My interests include woodworking, computers, and file sharing. I hope to contribute to Wikipedia. I enjoy helping others and look forward to adding what I can to articles. I see the potential of this site and look forward to being a part of the family.

Fredrik Josefsson
Hi!

I'm a 23 year old student from Sweden. The search engines (Google at least) link to wiki a lot of the times I search, and so i've been coming here more and more often recently. A week ago I registered, as I was not satisfied with how the page for Emanuel Swedenborg looked. And so I improved the page. There is so much good material on other pages on wiki, and my intention was to get the Swedenborg page up to the same standard. There is so much interesting knowledge on here, like a pot of gold.

That is my intention. That all those who need information in their job or work or study or just to become better persons can find it here.

I'm studying social sciences. Maybe I can contribute something in that area. I used to be interested in computer science and philosophy. And religion: Christianity mostly, but also everything that relates to it and to Christian values, such as St. Augustine, Plato, Zen, Buddhism, Pascal, Cicero, Voltaire, and to some extent mysticism, like Plotinos, Newton, gnosticism, and Swedenborg whom I've mentioned. I read a year at the university about this kind of stuff.

I should mention that I am interested in chess aswell. The pages about chess on wiki are of a very high quality, both in length and quality, so check them out if you like chess, there is much to learn. I have so far rewritten the page about the chess player Ivanchuk.

Ok! --Fred chessplayer 16:27, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Hello, I'm Alexx
I've been using Wikipedia on my travels round the Web and have found it so useful that I've decided to contribute. I was also excited to see a page for my uncle, Mike Cowlishaw here. I'm primarily interested in rock/metal/indie music, Tudor & Stuart History and environmentalism. I also have a degree in Philosophy and am learning French. Hope I can be of some assistance!

--Alexx 20:01, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Rchamberlin - Greetings to all from the north country.
I got here because of a new radio station in our town. Yes, I was reading the blog of the new 89.3 The Current, and they exclaimed they were already in the Wikipedia. And that on their second broadcast day. Not bad for a Minnesota Public Radio station. Go to Minnesota Public Radio and scroll down to 'The Current'. And, while I'm working the net, I am listening to their audio stream.

In 1961 after graduating from high school in a suburb of Detroit, Michigan, I served in the US Air Force for 4 years, then joined IBM in 1966 to work on hardware. In 1980 I transferred to Minnesota where I was a programmer until retirement in 1966.

Since nobody can afford to retire anymore, I am currently with the State of Minnesota as a part time snow plow operator. Last summer I got to mow ditches and work on the state highways in S.E. Minnesota. I really like working with the machines and the people.

I played with WIKKI before I retired, but havn't done much with it since.

My main reason for getting involved was to create an entry on VIRTUAL ROBOTICS. I'll get to it some day...

Hopefully I'll be able to work with you all very soon.

Regards, rob chamberlin 23:57, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

LaurelBush
LaurelBush 14:48, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

SteveS
Hi, I am a software developer and a part time student at the British Columbia Institute of Technology. I started an article for the Glen of Imaal Terrier. I look forward to many more! SteveS 18:04, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Hello People
My name is John and I am a student in Essex. I have been using this Encylopaedia for some time so I thought it would be helpful to grow some of the stubs. My field is humanities (mainly history and geography) and sciences.

J.Ward 11:44, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Searching034
Hello, I was directed to this page, and think it is wicked cool!!! Searching034 18:21, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Hey
I love reading Wikipedia. I'd also like to be able to contribute to it. Dave Kaye69.160.213.178 18:22, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

hi! This is Liz!
finally decided to dig a bit further into wikipedia, and look what i've found. I'm a student at Earlham College, majoring in Politics and minoring in History. Heard about Wikipedia a few years ago, not sure where, probably as a link from somewhere on http://www.livejournal.com. Please leave a comment on my UserTalk page! ~peace, Schwael 00:36, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Hello From Osric
I'm here mostly to add a WAP gatway to the wikipedia so that I can read it on my phone. Moose Morals 12:56, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Hi everybody!
Hey, I'm a kid who found out Wikipedia from a search engine and it's great. It really helps with school projects.Howabout1 15:14, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Kurt Keydel
As an experienced mariner, I'll be contributing a few terms and background on various items pertaining to marine engineering and the maritime industry. --Keydel 17:34, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)Kurt Keydel

Patrick Hindert
Greetings. My name is Patrick Hindert. My interest in Wikipedia is both general and specific to my subject matter expertise in structured settlement and knowledge management. My first Wikipedia writing will address structured settlement. I welcome assistance and look forward to meeting and collaborating with others. Patrick 18:45, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Talrias
Hello everyone. I've already made a series of minor edits and rewritten AEJ Collins, as well as some new additions of sections to existing articles. I'm glad to be here! Talrias 11:59, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC)

Ian**
Hi

I'm a chemistry professor whose done a lot of teaching and editing at high school through graduate school, and have lots of other interests too! Shamed to say I only found out about Wiki through a newspaper article (well, read it on the web!) recently. Glad to join in. --Ian 12:16, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

BohemianCoast
Hi. I've finally taken the plunge and joined because although I find Wikipedia incredibly brilliant and useful, there are bits that are wrong, or missing, or out of date. You know, here and there. So I started to correct odd things that were wrong when I saw them, and then I added the odd stub article where a topic seemed missing, and suddenly I found myself wading in with both arms and substantially improving an article that was inaccurate, disjointed and just plain incomplete. In my opinion.

My interests: music, games, kids, food, books, Apples.

I'm interested in working on: filling in the obscure and non-controversial. I'm not interested in: anything people are likely to argue about.

My first newbie query. At what point does a stub stop being a stub? I took the stub-indicator off Railway Rivals because it felt not-stub-like to me, though not ravingly completist. But then I was looking at Avatar (virtual reality), which still says it's a stub despite having most of what you'd want in an article about avatars. Is there a rule?

Bohemian Coast 17:29, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

julian Fojj julian
Hello,

If you are wondering fojj stands for fruits of the jum jum tree. and it is funny

that is all

Thilwy
$8-)> Hi, I'm that guy who read the dictionary as a child. I am in awe of the sum of knowledge gathered here, and hope my knowledge can contribute to it. Thilwy 21:29, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)


text:
Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy

Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy (born Paul Felix Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy; 18 January 1841, Leipzig – 17 February 1880, Berlin) was a German chemist and a pioneer in the manufacture of aniline dye. He co-founded the Aktien-Gesellschaft für Anilin-Fabrikation (AGFA), a German chemical company.

He is not to be confused with his uncle, the banker Paul Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, who was the son of his grandfather Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy.

Life
Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy was the second son of the composer Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy and Cécile Charlotte Sophie Jeanrenaud. His aunt was Fanny Mendelssohn. His grandfather was Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy. His maternal great-grandfather was Daniel Itzig, and his paternal great-grandfather was Moses Mendelssohn. He studied sciences at Heidelberg University, where Robert Bunsen was amongst his colleagues. After graduating in 1863 he went to Berlin to study with Wilhelm Hoffmann.

He volunteered as a soldier in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, taking part in the Battle of Königgrätz and becoming an officer. (He was later to be recalled for the Franco-Prussian War, where he won the Iron Cross).

After the Austro-Prussian War he met with Alexander Martius, a former student of Justus von Liebig, who had set up a dye factory in England. They decided to enter a partnership to manufacture aniline in Germany, setting up a factory at the Rummelsburg Lake near Berlin. In 1873 the firm took the name 'Aktien-Gesellschaft für Anilin-Fabrikation', becoming in 1898 'AGFA'.

Mendelssohn Bartholdy married his cousin Elisabeth Oppenheim (granddaughter of his great-uncle Joseph Mendelssohn) (1845–1868). She died shortly after the birth of their son Otto. Paul later married Elisabeth's sister Enole (1855–1939), by whom he had four children.

In 1880, Mendelssohn Bartholdy died of a heart attack. After his death the company was led by his nephew Franz Oppenheim (1852–1929) and his son Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy, the Younger (1879-1956). In 1925, it became part of IG Farben.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy


text:
Mason Truck

Mason Motors, founded by A. C. Mason in cooperation with William C. Durant, was a U.S. truck manufacturer based in Flint, Michigan. As a subsidiary of Durant Motors, Mason Truck built Road King Speed Trucks in the early 1920s. Mason Motors also built automobile engines in 1911, who first led Buick's engine works in Flint. That company was absorbed by Chevrolet in 1915, but remained under the Chevrolet umbrella until January 1, 1918, when it became known as the Motor and Axle Division of Chevrolet.

There were four separate automobile companies using the name "Mason" between 1898 and 1914 with locations in Massachusetts, Iowa, Illinois and New York. Records show that Mason Motors of Flint, MI was a truck manufacturer and also supplied engines for Buick use, but they did not manufacture passenger automobiles.

title: Mason Truck


text:
Talk:Doorstop

Decent Quality
This new doorstop picture which claims to show a doorstop of "decent quality" unfortunately only shows another doorstop of poor quality. Would it be possible to replace the picture by a better one? Also the dark green carpet looks horrible. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.12.26.84 (talk) 17:10, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

Thanks for the new picture which is showing a decent doorstop indeed. Unfortunately, the background looks a little bit strange -- almost like one of my old record sleeves. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.12.26.88 (talk) 12:26, 28 June 2015 (UTC)

Dear sir, you are very welcome. This specimen is one of my better ones. A very keen eye you have, as this is a record sleeve indeed. Kind regards. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.12.26.39 (talk) 13:10, 29 June 2015 (UTC)

Encyclopedia
The page is wonderful, everything you want to know about doorknobs. but it is not in any way suited for an encyclopedia due to layout and writing style.
 * Then fix it. I don't see any major problems personally though. --tjstrf 02:27, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

VfD
This page was proposed for deletion January 2005. The discussion is archived at Votes for deletion/Door stop. Joyous 01:43, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)

Pictures
Still need pictures of (at least): Low-style wall mounted door stop, high-style wall mounted door stop if it looks different from the low mounted one, hinge-pin and higher quality picture of the doorknob catching door stop. Strait 00:58, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

What about...
...the semi-perjorative comment about computers a person dislikes and/or thinks are too old? 68.39.174.238 02:28, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

Riveting stuff
My favourite Wikipedia article! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.176.208.234 (talk) 03:01, 9 February 2011 (UTC)

Sandwiches
Came here from the English Cuisine article, claims "doorstops" are also a type of sandwich http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_cuisine#Sandwiches 184.166.4.117 (talk) 06:35, 30 December 2014 (UTC)

Next Steps
I know I'm obsessing way too much over doorstops, but I plan to add:
 * Popular Culture references, like Hodor
 * Notable doorstops, like the $100,000 moon rock doorstops
 * Crazy Victorian doorstops.

I have a big plans. Join me on this crazy journey, won't you? --FeldBum (talk) 20:14, 27 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Doorstop


text:
User talk:Joaaaan

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. --fvw *  01:45, 2005 Feb 2 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. -- Francs2000 | Talk 01:47, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joaaaan


text:
Folk taxonomy

A folk taxonomy is a vernacular naming system, as distinct from scientific taxonomy. Folk biological classification is the way people traditionally describe and organize the world around them, typically making generous use of form taxa such as "shrubs", "bugs", "ducks", "fish", "algae", "vegetables", or of economic criteria such as "game animals", "pack animals", "weeds" and other like terms.

Folk taxonomies are generated from social knowledge and are used in everyday speech. They are distinguished from scientific taxonomies that claim to be disembedded from social relations and thus more objective and universal. Folk taxonomies exist to allow popular identification of classes of objects, and apply to all subsections of human activity. All parts of the world have their own systems of naming local plants and animals. These naming systems are a vital aid to survival and include information such as the fruiting patterns of trees and the habits of large mammals. These localised naming systems are folk taxonomies. Theophrastus recorded evidence of a Greek folk taxonomy for plants, but later formalized botanical taxonomies were laid out in the 18th century by Carl Linnaeus.

Anthropologists have observed that taxonomies are generally embedded in local cultural and social systems, and serve various social functions. One of the best-known and most influential studies of folk taxonomies is Émile Durkheim's The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. Scientists generally recognize that folk taxonomies conflict at times with Linnaean taxonomy or current interpretations of evolutionary relationships, and can tend to refer to generalized rather than quantitatively informative traits in an organism. Some anthropologists say race is a folk taxonomy.

Linnaeus, Theophrastus, and folk taxonomy
Linnaean Taxonomy, which is also more properly called rank-based nomenclature, is a scientifically ranked based nomenclatural system for the classification of living organisms. Developed by Carl Linnaeus, this nomenclatural system allocates taxa (groups of biological organisms recognised by systematists) into categories (absolute ranks). Rank-based nomenclature developed long after Folk Taxonomy and the more scientific classifications developed by Aristotle and Theophrastus. This method of hierarchically ranking taxa was developed before the theory of evolution, and it can be applied to everyday phenomena.

Some cultures use folk taxonomies more or less specific, or in direct correlation with modern Linnaean Taxonomy in reference to biological taxa. In areas that the direct biological distinction of plants are more important, such as crops used for food or firewood, some cultures will have a one to one ratio of plants to their Linnaeus counterpart. The use of each group of taxa (species: words) from 2:1 to 1:1 to 1: many, define the cultural significance of each species and the level of specificity they use is their form of a culturally influenced folk taxonomy. Native Tzeltal speakers in the Mayan region of Mexico were found to have developed such divisions towards the crops they most frequently use in everyday life. The cultural significance determined the number of words that the Tzeltal group had for each crop, such as the leguminose legume (Phaseolus vulgaris L. at its most specific Linnaean taxa) was differentiated in Tzeltal into five specific words. This legume is a large farm crop that is extremely present in day to day life in this region.

Folk taxonomy precedes the Linnaean taxonomy chronologically. For instance, glottochronological evidence suggests that the names of five plants of great societal importance in Mesoamerica are more than 7000 years old. The 9/10 remaining volumes of Historia Plantarum, written by Theophrastus, early philosopher, botanist, and student of Aristotle, describe an initial vernacular naming system of plants. This taxonomy has been developed, but its principal of division was widely accepted until biological theories of evolution evolved. The books list around 500 species of plant native and present in ancient Greece. Theophrastus used sources such as Diocles for herbal information and a naming system similar to Aristotle's classification of animals. The books divide all plants into specific taxa that were used as early folk taxonomies to describe everyday plants in Greece and explain the anatomy of the following groups of taxa: Trees, Wild Trees, Shrubs, Pot-Herbs, Cereals, Legumes, and Herbals (medicinally used plants) as well as the unknown subject of a 10th Volume.

These taxa were used in everyday life as a man-made vernacular naming system for local taxa. Though biologically revolutionary at the time, these taxa were also linguistically revolutionary by defining plants in groups larger than themselves. Theophrastus was influenced by preceding local folk taxonomy in his naming system, but also added biological features to the names of many plants such as phylla(leaves), karpoi (fruits), and poai (seasonal herbs). Terms like phylla are still used in Linnaean and modern naming systems for trees today.

Level of specificity
According to some authors, folk taxonomy includes several absolute levels that have been compared (very broadly) with Linnaean categories. Typically, five such ranks are recognized. The first one, the unique beginner, is extremely broad and has categories like plant or animal. Next is the life form level; life form taxa typically have names composed of a single word. The generic level is known to be the most important level of biological folk taxonomy. It's the most widely used and the first level to be learned by children. Classifications like maple tree, blue jay or tulip are made at this level. It's a very important stepping stone for all folk taxonomies. Specific and varietal are the final two levels. The categories get far more distinct and at least two words are necessary to describe them. However, the existence of these folk taxonomic ranks (or levels) has been questioned by a number of authors from different fields for more than 20 years. The facts that folk taxonomies are not as neatly hierarchical as previously thought, with taxa of intermediate levels often missing, that no folk taxonomic ranks have been recognized in Aristotle's zoological classification, and that antique Roman folk taxonomy requires at least eight levels (rather than the iconic five), also raise doubts about the objective reality of folk taxonomic ranks.

The number of depth levels and systems for classification can vary for nonbiological folk taxonomy. The first time a folk taxonomy hierarchy was published which did not feature plants or animals was in 1961 by Charles Frake in disease diagnosis of Mindanao in the Philippines. Frake's classification had four levels. The number of levels is often anywhere between three and five.

An example of how these levels of specificity work in day to day life can easily be seen when talking about a car. On the broadest level, it is a vehicle. On the next, it's a car. Sometimes it's even more distinct and it's called a Toyota or a Toyota Highlander. All these words were used to talk about the same thing, the wording just became more and more specific as we went through folk taxonomy levels.

Human taxonomy
In the 18th century, a botanist by the name of Carl Linnaeus proposed what we now know as human taxonomy, the idea that like within botany, human beings could too be classified taxonomically. Linnaeus distinguished groups of human beings upon the basis of their apparent race in addition to several outliers such as wild children (Homo sapiens ferus). However, as anthropology has developed Linnaeus' classifications have proven incompatible with the reality of human differentiation stemming from a cultural basis. Humans tend to be distinguishable, and distinguish themselves, according to their cultural norms, principally language, dress, aesthetics, and social attitudes.

Folk taxonomy and linguistic injustice
Folk taxonomy in the sense of linguistic culture, and thus injustice, is a divided subject built upon a variety of distinct theories and methods of analysis. Still, there is apparent data that some languages, such as those of Native Americans, have tendencies to favor certain folk taxonomic classifications over others giving the speakers false impressions as to the reality of the subject of classifications.

title: Folk taxonomy


text:
Chrystos

Chrystos (born November 7, 1946, as Christina Smith) is a writer and activist who has published various books and poems that explore Indigenous Americans's civil rights, social justice, and feminism. They self-identify as Menominee and two-spirit, but are not a citizen of the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin or any other Native American tribe. Chrystos is also a lecturer, writing teacher and fine-artist. The poet uses the pronouns "they" and "them".

Life and career
Chrystos – a resident of Ocean Shores, Washington since 2011 – is a lesbian- and two-spirit-identifying writer, artist and activist. Born in San Francisco, California, self-identifying as an urban Indian, Chrystos was taught to read by a self-educated father, and began writing poetry at age nine. Chrystos has written of a difficult, "emotional and abnormal" childhood, including sexual abuse by a relative, life with an abusive and depressed white mother, Virginia (née Lunkes) of Lithuanian and Alsatian descent, and a father they claims was Menominee, Fletcher L. Smith, who was a WW2 veteran. At the age of seventeen, Chrystos was placed into a mental institution. They fell into drug addiction, alcoholism, and prostitution during this time. They would be re-institutionalized several more times before deciding it was ineffective in helping their mental health issues.

A self-described political poet, Chrystos was inspired by familial angst stemming from European American cultural hegemony, and more positively influenced by the work of Audre Lorde, Joy Harjo, Elizabeth Woody, and Lillian Pitt, among others, to produce a series of volumes of poetry and prose throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Chrystos' work focuses on social justice issues, such as how colonialism, genocide, class and gender affect the lives of women and Indigenous peoples. Much of the writer's childhood is evident in works about street life, gardening, mental institutions, incest, "the Man" (authoritarian patriarchy), love, sex, and hate. The works are primarily intended for an audience of Native American / First Nations, people of color more broadly, and lesbians. The works are also aimed at raising awareness of Native American heritage and culture, while breaking down stereotypes. Chrystos self-illustrated many of the covers, and usually had the books published in Canada to work around censorious American publishers and "very little support for writers" in the United States.

While they’re better known for their poems about social justice, Chrystos also has a significant body of erotic poetry. This work has been called "delicious reading" and adopts a celebratory tone, in contrast to the darker themes in their other work. They co-edited Best Lesbian Erotica 1999 with Tristan Taormino.

Chrystos' awards and honors include a National Endowment for the Arts grant, the Human Rights Freedom of Expression Award, the Sappho Award of Distinction from the Astrea Lesbian Foundation for Justice, a Barbara Deming Grant, and the Audre Lorde International Poetry Competition.

Chrystos' activism has focused on efforts to free Norma Jean Croy and Leonard Peltier, and the rights of tribes such as the Diné (Navajo) and Mohawk people. In a 2010 interview with Black Coffee Poet, Chrystos described their social justice interests as "diverse," citing abortion, wife-battering, and prisoner issues, although they acknowledge these issues are of "no immediate benefit" to them.

Impact on Native culture
Chrystos has demonstrated political activism for Native Americans by helping free controversial arrestees, Natives Norma Jean Croy and Leonard Peltier.

title: Chrystos


text:
Talk:William C. Ford

This article needs to be merged into William Clay Ford, Jr. which is more complete. It should be replaced by a William Clay Ford article -- his father is significant enough for at least a short article as head of Ford design for several years, and as owner of the Detroit Lions.--Pmeisel 01:45, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I would suggest that, ideally, the William Clay Ford, Jr. page should be merged into this one, since most of the edit history is here, and then the existing contents of William Clay Ford, Jr. should be deleted, and this page moved to a new title. Will require an administrator's assistance. - Nat Krause 04:01, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I understand your logic, but for those looking -- the father has been most usually known as Willian Clay Ford (formally) and sometimes Clay Ford (informally), and the son as William Clay Ford, Jr., (formally) and Bill Ford (informally) -- neither is usually known as William C. Ford and in fact when I first saw the entry I thought it must refer to someone else, despite long personal familiarity with the company and the family's history.

 * I'm saying that this page should end up at William Clay Ford, Jr. It's just that it should be moved there from here, rather than this page being merged into that one. - Nat Krause 03:39, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:William C. Ford


text:
Talk:Hannover 96

Friendship with Millwall
I do not know of any friendship, and I have been a Hanover supporter for quite some while. I know the whole article is lacking sources, but if no one can come up with ones in regard with said friendship it should probably be removed. Given Millwall's somewhat questionable reputaition it is likely this was added by someone who does not like H96 too much... - Squig — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.193.161.154 (talk) 09:55, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

Requested move

 * Moved from Hanover 96 to Hannover 96. NSL  E  ( T + C + CVU ) 06:36, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

As the discussion above seems to come to no result, I'm now going to create a section for voting. Please vote support if you wish to have the article at Hannover 96, and oppose if you wish the article to stay here.

Voting
Support
 * Support move to Hannover 96, for reasons stated above. Sam Vimes 21:44, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Support . Andro96 21:53, 4 January 2006(UTC)
 * Support. The Koeln/Cologne analogy in the discussion seals it. The fact that the official website is hannover merely seals the deal Nach0king 23:32, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Support The multiple links shows the club is commonly named Hannover 96. Poulsen 23:52, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Support --Angelo 12:20, 5 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Support --Nanouk 14:15, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Oppose
 * Oppose Kingjeff 21:56, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose Hargreavesfan 22:01, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

Discussion
moin sorry folks, but Hanover 96 with one n is wrong, because its a name. It must be Hannover 96 and a redirect from Hanover 96, not the other way around. for example, the 1.FC Köln is not the 1.FC Colonge! Andro96 15:32, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

There's nothing wrong with using only 1 n. Kingjeff 16:14, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hm. Tricky issue, but ESPN soccernet uses Hannover with two ns, so does Yahoo Sports, SI.com, iafrica.com, BBC and sbs.com.au, to have sources from the entire English-speaking world. By contrast, most English-language sources appear to be German (!), such as Deutsche Welle, a 2006 World Cup site, and, admittedly, Sky Sports. Still, a simple google count gives 129,000 vs. 15,000, and it's the official spelling, so I think it has to be Hannover 96. Sam Vimes 20:01, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Don't you get it? In english it's Hanover with 1 n. They can use 2 n as much as they want. That still doesn't make them right. Kingjeff 22:24, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Are we going to turn the Bayern Munich page to Bayern München? Kingjeff 22:27, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Regardless of what the name of the city is, it's the usage of the city name in connection with the football club which is important. Bayern Munich is a common name in football coverage, so we use that - Hanover 96 is not the common spelling in football coverage, so we use Hannover 96. Sam Vimes 11:45, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Hanover 96 is a common usage too. Kingjeff 17:07, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * From the searches above Hannover 96 is by far the most common usage in English, and the sources who do use it are in fact mostly Germans who write in English, as can be seen from the google search. Also, my copy of The Complete Encyclopedia of Football (Carlton Books Ltd, 1998) uses Hannover 96 when it lists the German champions (p. 259). The point is that most English sources uses Hannover 96 as the name of the football club, and Hanover as the name of city (confusing as it may seem!). Sam Vimes 18:12, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hannover is not an english word. Kingjeff 19:27, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Tell that to the journalists who keep using it. And in any case, neither Hanover nor Hannover are English words - they are means of writing down the name of a place. Sam Vimes 20:45, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * So, Munich is not München? Nuremberg is not Nürnberg? Cologne not Köln? Vienna not Wien? Kingjeff 23:04, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not quite sure what you mean - of course they refer to the same place, and I agree that Bayern Munich and not Bayern München is the most common name for the football club in English. But, IMO, neither of the eight are English words. They are names for places, with varying usage in the English language. Sam Vimes 23:08, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

In the comment you said before is that Hanover and Hannover were not english words. But that is incorrect. Hanover is the english name for the city just like Munich is München, Nuremberg is Nürnberg, Cologne is Köln and Vienna, Austria is Wien, Austria. And don't say that I'm not talking about the soccer team. Because the fact is the cities names are in the name of their teams. The fact is that Hanover, Munich, Nuremberg, Cologne and Vienna are all english words for those cities Kingjeff 23:22, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * What name does the club itself use in English? If this cannot be discerned, what is more used by the media. To be honest, I think so long as one is redirected to the other, it REALLY DOESN'T MATTER what the actual name of the article is, and that you are both wasting your time arguing over what is to me quite a petty point. Werdna648T/C\@ 10:44, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Point taken (which is why I'd originally decided to lay it to rest and go do something else before this rebuke came up). To reply to "what name does the club itself use in English"?, however, it is Hannover 96, according to the official site. Sam Vimes 10:46, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

I personally phoned the club about this and said it was an error. Kingjeff 17:38, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

So it is not 1.FC Köln? It must be 1.FC Cologne? It makes no sense to me. Its like the nickname, Die Roten and not the reds. My surname is Andreas and not Andrew. -- Andro96 19:33, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

As far as 1.FC Köln and 1.FC Cologne it is. As far as your surname, you're just being rediculus. Kingjeff 20:58, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

Hey come on, you just redirected 1.FC Colonge to 1.FC Köln. Thats correct. So why not Hanover 96 to Hannover 96? -- Andro96 21:23, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

 * And FC Nuernberg is redirected to 1. FC Nürnberg, which is correct too. And what about Eintracht Braunschweig? Brunswick United? -- Andro96 21:32, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * If we're going to get technical, it's Brunswicker Gynmastics and Sports Team United :D Nach0king 23:35, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It's obvious you don't know what you're talking about. It's Nuremberg in english. Not Nuernberg. If you can't get your arguement right, don't say anything at all. Kingjeff 21:55, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

Do you realize that all you are supporting is 1 n? Kingjeff 22:29, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

I see Hanover 4 times on the wiki article itself compared to only 2 times with the 2 Ns. Thatshows you that me and Hargreavesfan are right and all of you are wrong. Kingjeff 04:13, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

User:Hargreavesfan
In the recent Talk:FIFA World Cup, User:Rousseau made his first edit a vote in the process, which was subsequently edited out. Is there a consensus guideline that prohibits a user to vote as their first action, like User:Hargreavesfan's in this poll? Poulsen 23:59, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * So... if it's there, why are you asking about it here? You could find out if he's a Sock|Meat puppet somehow. Don't know how. Werdna648T/C\@ 03:29, 5 January 2006 (UTC)
 * The matter wasn't discussed over there, and so I wrote the specific user who deleted the vote on the World Cup page to ask for his say, and this page seems like the appropriate place for the discussion - so no reason to bring this up on the general World Cup talk page. If User:Hargreavesfan's a sockpuppet or not will be the next step, but if there's a way to just skip his vote I don't care enough to go further. Poulsen 03:37, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Why are you showing a bias with someone who agrees with me? Kingjeff 03:47, 5 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I am not. I am asking if there are common rules for who can vote, as I saw such rules carried out earlier, but without any mention or link to specific guidelines. Poulsen 03:52, 5 January 2006 (UTC)
 * WP:SOCK is the relevant policy. Conscious 13:29, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Manager vs Coach
Dieter Hecking ist not the manager of Hannover 96 but the coach. Same with the list of former managers: they are former coaches. -- 75.4.55.17 (talk) 21:27, 15 May 2008 (UTC)
 * This more a vocabulary issue than an encyclopedic one. In English, the person responsible for the player lineups, tactics etc. is called manager, whereas in German that term refers to the the person responsible for the financial stuff at a club.This would probably be the equivalent of the General Manager in English. Madcynic (talk) 10:52, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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Bundesliga founding member
The article says Hannover 96 were "a founding member of the Bundesliga". They were not. Any relevant source on German football or the club´s history will tell. I am going to change that.Zamora1934 (talk) 14:52, 26 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hannover 96


text:
Copleston

Copleston may refer to:

People

 * Edward Copleston (1776–1849), English churchman and academic
 * Ernest Copleston (1855–1933), Anglican Bishop, brother of Reginald
 * Frederick Selwyn Copleston (1850–1935), civil servant in Burma; father of Frederick Charles
 * Frederick Charles Copleston (1907–1994), Jesuit priest, historian of philosophy
 * Geoffrey Copleston (1921–1999), British actor
 * John Copleston (fl. 1655), Sheriff of Devon
 * Reginald Copleston (1845–1925), Anglican Bishop in India, brother of Ernest

Places

 * Copplestone, Devon, England
 * Copleston High School

title: Copleston


text:
James Aikins

James Aikins may refer to:

 * James Cox Aikins (1823–1904), the father, federal Member of Parliament, Senator, Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba
 * James Albert Manning Aikins (1851–1929), the son, leader of the Manitoba Conservative Party, Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba

title: James Aikins


text: User talk:203.173.8.12

title: User talk:203.173.8.12


text:
1934 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1934 Atlantic hurricane season produced thirteen tropical storms, of which seven further organized into hurricanes. Of those seven hurricanes, only one intensified into a major hurricane, which is a Category 3 or stronger system on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson scale. The first system developed on June 4 while the last storm dissipated on November 30. In 2012, as part of the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project, meteorologists identified two previously unknown September tropical storms and fine-tuned the meteorological histories of many others. However, given scant observations from ships and weather stations, significant uncertainty of tropical cyclone tracks, intensity, and duration remains, particularly for those storms that stayed at sea.

In the United States, the 1934 hurricane season was significantly less destructive than the preceding year. Forecasters credited this feat to the Weather Bureau's advanced warning to persons in the path of advancing hurricanes. In Central America, however, the season's first hurricane wrought catastrophic rainfall resulting in an enormous loss of life, estimated somewhere between 1,000 and 3,000 people. The storm continued into the United States, killing 10 people and causing about $4.4 million in damage. In July, a hurricane struck Texas, spawning tornadoes and generating storm surge, killing 19 people; damage was estimated around $4.5 million. In late August and early September, another hurricane meandered offshore Texas while a weak tropical storm struck North Carolina, each causing minor damage. Shortly thereafter, a hurricane curved up the U.S. East Coast, resulting in 8 fatalities and widespread impacts. A weak tropical storm affected the U.S. Gulf Coast in early October, and the season's only major hurricane meandered across the southwestern Atlantic at the end of November.

The season's total activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 48, well below the 1931–1943 average of 91.2. ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39 mph, which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here.

Hurricane One
A tropical depression formed over the Gulf of Honduras around 12:00 UTC on June 4. The system intensified into a tropical storm and reached winds of 50 mph before striking near Belize City early on June 5. Once inland, it executed a cyclonic loop across the Mexican states of Guatemala and Chiapas before re-emerging into the Gulf of Honduras. The cyclone had weakened to a tropical depression while over land, but it restrengthened once offshore again and became a Category 1 hurricane with winds of 80 mph before making landfall in extreme northern Belize early on June 9. The storm progressed across the Yucatán Peninsula in a weakened state but reacquired hurricane intensity as it made a second cyclonic loop over the Bay of Campeche. Now moving north, the hurricane reached peak winds of 100 mph and maintained that strength through landfall near Jeanerette, Louisiana, at 19:00 UTC on June 16. It curved northeast once inland, losing tropical characteristics over central Tennessee after 06:00 UTC on June 18 but maintained its status as an extratropical cyclone until late on June 21, when it was located over Newfoundland and Labrador.

The cyclone proved to be catastrophic across El Salvador and western Honduras, where rainfall up to 25 in caused widespread flooding and one of the largest death tolls in the history of the Atlantic basin. Press reports indicated the number of fatalities ranged from 1,000 to 3,000, including 500 in the town of Ocotepeque alone. There, all structures but the town's church were reportedly demolished. The system produced hurricane-force winds across a portion of the Yucatán Peninsula before progressing into the United States. A 12 ft storm surge inundated areas around Oyster Bayou, and boats were run aground along the coast. It brought winds up to 68 mph in Morgan City, Louisiana, damaging structures. Officials with the United States Red Cross estimated that 75–150 homes were demolished, 1,500 others were left uninhabitable, and between 3,000 and 7,000 more were damaged to some degree by the storm. Rainfall totaled to 9.6 in in Lafayette; that city and Franklin, Melville, and Abbeville recorded daily rainfall records. The hurricane killed six people, caused $2.605 million in property damage, and incurred another $1.5 million in crop damage across Louisiana. Squalls from the system killed four people and injured many others in Mississippi, while heavy rainfall caused the Pearl River to exceed flood stage. Record rainfall during June in Tennessee, accumulating to 10 in in a matter of hours in Cedar Hill, caused about $250,000 in damage across the state. A small tornado struck north of Joelton and resulted in an additional $3,000 in damage. The extratropical remnants produced winds of 49 mph in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and delivered needed rainfall throughout the region. Across Ontario and Quebec, heavy rains delayed traffic and congested storm sewers. High tension wires and poles were toppled, causing widespread power outages. Eleven barns were destroyed, and the Varennes lighthouse was put out of commission.

Hurricane Two
On July 10, a weak area of low pressure formed along a stationary front off the eastern coast of Florida. The disturbance gradually shed this frontal boundary and acquired a well-defined center, leading to the formation of a tropical depression around 00:00 UTC on July 12 to the east of the Florida–Georgia border. It intensified into a tropical storm a little over a day later and further to a Category 1 hurricane early on July 14 as it tracked east-northeast. Based on extrapolation from nearby ship reports, the hurricane is analyzed to have reached peak winds of 90 mph early on July 15. It transitioned into an extratropical cyclone around 06:00 UTC the next day to the south of Newfoundland.

Hurricane Three
On July 21, a dissipating stationary front was analyzed offshore the Southeast United States. A tropical depression formed a short distance southeast of Charleston, South Carolina, around 06:00 UTC on July 22 and tracked southwest. It made landfall around St. Augustine, Florida, at 00:00 UTC on July 23 without having attained tropical storm strength. After crossing over Florida and into the Gulf of Mexico, the system turned west and began to intensify. It became a tropical storm early that day and further developed into a Category 1 hurricane early on July 25. The cyclone struck the coastline just north of Corpus Christi, Texas, around 17:00 UTC with 80 mph winds. It continued inland across southern Texas and into northern Mexico and was last analyzed west of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, at 18:00 UTC on July 26.

Minor impacts were recorded in Florida, where trees were toppled, pecans and pears were blown down, and corn crops were flattened. Along the coastline of Texas, high tides damaged waterfront homes in Nueces and Jefferson counties. San José Island observed a 10.2 ft storm surge. More than 1,000 residents on the Bolivar Peninsula were cut off for 48 hours, and communications between more than a dozen towns were severed. Numerous levee breaches inundated areas around Freeport and Vealsco, where water levels rose to several feet accordingly. Daily rainfall records were set in Fowlerton and Falfurrias at 6.25 and 4.52 in, respectively. Crops suffered extensive damage through several coastal counties, particularly in Nueces County where the local cotton crop suffered a 75 percent loss; several other counties reported a 50 percent loss. Peak winds of 56 mph were measured in Corpus Christi. Strong winds smashed small boats and tore the roofs off structures, principally in Victoria. Three oil derricks were toppled to the south of the city. A series of tornadoes occurred in communities throughout central Texas. Across the state, preliminary estimates included the destruction of 260 homes, with severe damage to an additional 400 houses. This reportedly encompassed all homes along the mouth of the San Bernard River, all structures between Freeport and the mouth of the Colorado River, and at least 75 percent of homes in Matagorda. Damage was estimated around $4.5 million. Throughout the state, 19 people were killed, most from the large storm surge. Cattle losses were estimated to be in the thousands, with five to six hundred on the western end of Galveston Island alone. In the wake of the storm, federal aid was requested for 22 counties, encompassing a total of 272 families. Poor weather conditions hindered oil and gas prospecting across Starr and Hidalgo counties.

Tropical Storm Four
A weak tropical storm, first documented east of Barbados at 18:00 UTC on August 20, moved west-northwest and entered the Caribbean Sea south of St. Lucia. It failed to intensify over the next few days and instead degenerated to a tropical wave south of the Dominican Republic after 06:00 UTC on August 23. Historical weather maps indicate an area of disturbed weather but no concrete evidence of a well-defined, closed center of circulation. Given the lack of surface observations, meteorologists expressed uncertainty whether the system was actually a tropical cyclone.

Hurricane Five
A tropical storm formed in the central Gulf of Mexico around 06:00 UTC on August 26 from a stationary front or perhaps the remnants of the previous tropical cyclone. It initially moved west-northwest off the coast of Louisiana but soon banked toward the south, passing within 25 mi of Galveston, Texas, as it intensified into a Category 1 hurricane with winds of 80 mph. The slow-moving system weakened as it moved into the Bay of Campeche. It curved southwest and made landfall near Tampico, Tamaulipas, with winds of 45 mph around 04:00 UTC on September 1 and dissipated after 18:00 UTC that day.

In advance of the storm, the American Red Cross was deployed to give aid if needed. Tropical storm-force winds affected the Texas coastline from Port Arthur down to Matagorda Bay; peak winds of 60 mph likely impacted areas between Freeport and Galveston as the storm made its closest approach. A daily rainfall record during the month of August was set in Garden City, at 6.25 in. Tides up to 8.2 ft affected the coastline around Sabine. At the final landfall point, the tropical storm destroyed houses in the community of Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas.

Tropical Storm Six
In 2012, as part of the National Hurricane Center's reanalysis project, a new tropical cyclone was retroactively added to the season. A stationary front sagged across the western Atlantic in the final days of August. On September 1, an extratropical low developed as the front began to dissipate, and it quickly transitioned into a tropical storm by 06:00 UTC while south and west of Bermuda. The system moved northwest and reached peak winds of 50 mph. Slight weakening ensued before it made landfall on the North Carolina Outer Banks at 10:00 UTC on September 3. The cyclone continued to decay as it moved across Virginia and Maryland, and it was absorbed by a front northwest of Baltimore after 06:00 UTC the next morning.

In Virginia, the storm halted the annual James River regatta and three craft were capsized by gusty winds. Owing to heavy rainfall and tides up to 8 ft, several streams were swollen; floodwaters washed away bridges and rendered several routes impassable.

Hurricane Seven
Although its origins are not conclusively known, a tropical storm is believed to have developed near the Bahamas around 06:00 UTC on September 5 from the remnants of a mid-level trough. The cyclone began on a west-northwest trajectory but curved toward the north-northeast over subsequent days. It reached hurricane strength early on September 6 and further intensified to a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 105 mph late the next day. The storm made close approaches to the coastlines of North Carolina and New Jersey before making later landfalls in New England. The first landfall occurred on Long Island with winds of 75 mph at 02:00 UTC on September 9, and the second took place near New Haven, Connecticut, with winds of 60 mph two hours later. The system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by 06:00 UTC on September 9 and curved northeast before dissipating over the Gulf of Saint Lawrence the following morning.

The center of the hurricane narrowly missed the North Carolina Outer Banks, where winds of 72 mph (116 km) were recorded in Hatteras. Small craft and light-framed buildings suffered damage but impacts were otherwise negligible. Tropical storm-force winds also overspread much of the Mid-Atlantic states and New England, highest at 66 mph in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The system produced sporadic areas of heavy rainfall along the U.S. East Coast from North Carolina north into Maine. Accumulations peaked at 9.6 in in Beaufort, North Carolina. In Virginia, the combination of strong winds and heavy rain brought down trees and electrical lines. Numerous accidents were recorded in Richmond and surrounding areas due to wet roadways. Some routes were inundated by floodwaters, and one bridge was washed away. Similar effects were felt across Maryland. In Baltimore, rushing water up to 5 ft in depth stalled vehicles and displaced some nearly a block away. The cellars and first floors of homes were flooded, while underpasses and roads were deemed impassable. In one case near Ensor, a 2 ft strip of asphalt was pushed upward several inches. Two buildings were electrically charged for unknown reasons during the storm, shocking one person before the structures were roped off. Throughout Annapolis, about 20 telephones were left out of commission, floodwaters entered cabins and restaurants, and trees and debris washed over roadways. Some rivers and streams throughout the western portion of the state overflowed their banks.

In Fair Haven, New Jersey, a 69-year-old man was killed after being electrocuted by a live wire downed by the storm. Along the coastline, the United States Coast Guard attempted search and rescue of the SS Morro Castle which caught fire and killed 137 people on board, but these efforts were limited by low visibility at least partly attributed to the storm. Three crewmen of the schooner Neshaminy died when it capsized off Brigantine. In New York, two seaman drowned and three others were rescued when their tugboat overturned in New York Bay. Further still, a man died after his sailboat overturned in rough seas near Northport, Long Island. Ten people on a fishing expedition were rescued on Long Beach after their attempt to anchor at sea failed. A short distance away in Hempstead Harbor, an inn was washed from its piles and demolished. At the Suffolk County Fairgrounds, an automobile building saw a large section of its sheet metal roof torn off. A number of exhibition tents were blown down. In Patchogue, a garage was flattened and several small signs were torn loose and damaged. Trees and power poles were toppled across the region, disrupting travel, causing damage to structures, and cutting power to entire communities such as Mattituck and Glen Cove. Throughout communities such as Hempstead Harbor, Sea Cliff, Peconic Bay, and Greenport, scores of boats or scows were ripped from their moorings, heavily damaged, displaced, or left in ruin; in Peconic Bay specifically, damage to nearly 50 boats amounted to $10,000. Docks likewise suffered substantial damage. A 15 ft section of a cornice on the roof of a four-story warehouse was brought to the ground by the storm's winds. A 15 ft stretch of the Port Washington Branch, part of the Long Island Rail Road, was disrupted by a washout. In Great Neck, a train track was carried out of line by rushing water. Lightning twice struck the Huntington Station, causing two fires that were quickly extinguished. In the city of Huntington, more than 100 telephones were put out of commission. In Queens, hundreds of sewers filled to capacity or overflowed, but the heavy rainfall was also seen as beneficial to local crops. Four buildings, including a school, were struck by lightning; one home was partially destroyed. A narrow waterspout ripped through the northern part of the borough but caused no known damage. In the eastern section of the borough, a man died after crashing his vehicle in the downpours. James Roosevelt, son of President Franklin Roosevelt, was the subject of an eleven-vessel search as he sailed through the storm off Maine; his schooner made it to Portland safely. On Lake Ontario, a Canadian National Railway car ferry was unexpectedly hit by a large wave, severely damaging the ship and injuring 52 people.

Tropical Storm Eight
A tropical storm was first documented east of Barbados around 12:00 UTC on September 16. It alternated between a west-northwest and west motion for several days, narrowly missing the Leeward Islands and gradually strengthening to a peak intensity of 50 mph. The system weakened to a tropical depression on September 21 and passed near the northern Bahamas before turning north and north-northeast. It dissipated after 12:00 UTC on September 23 off southeastern North Carolina while interacting with an approaching front.

Tropical Storm Nine
Another tropical cyclone discovered during reanalysis was found to have developed southeast of Cabo Verde around 00:00 UTC on September 18. It intensified into a tropical storm eighteen hours later while moving west-northwest through the islands. The cyclone maintained that motion for several days before turning north into the northeastern Atlantic. It reached peak winds of 60 mph early on September 24 but transitioned into an extratropical cyclone around 00:00 UTC the next day. The post-tropical system merged with another low or dissipated after 06:00 UTC on September 25 to the northwest of the Azores.

Hurricane Ten
An area of low pressure coalesced into a tropical cyclone prior to 12:00 UTC on October 1, when otherwise scant data points supported the existence of a strong tropical storm. It intensified into a hurricane within six hours and peaked at Category 2 intensity with winds of 100 mph late on October 2. The system gradually decayed thereafter as it moved west-northwest, dissipating over the open Atlantic after 06:00 UTC on October 4.

Tropical Storm Eleven
A tropical depression formed in the northwestern Caribbean Sea around 12:00 UTC on October 1. It progressed northwest through the Yucatán Channel and into the central Gulf of Mexico, where it attained tropical storm intensity early on October 3. The storm peaked with winds of 50 mph while curving toward the north-northeast. It weakened slightly before making landfall east of the Alabama–Florida border at 01:00 UTC on October 6, and the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by 12:00 UTC that morning. The storm was absorbed by a frontal system after 18:00 UTC while over southeastern Alabama.

Several ships reported gale- and storm-force winds off the Gulf coast. Heavy rainfall overspread the Southeast U.S. from Florida to Virginia, peaking at 15.3 in in Pensacola, Florida. Streets were flooded, leaving automobiles stranded. The floodwaters drove some people out of their homes in the low-lying areas of the city. Sustained winds reached 38 mph in Pensacola. Higher winds of 44 mph were recorded in New Orleans, Louisiana. Some bridges in Baldwin County, Alabama, were washed out by the rains.

Tropical Storm Twelve
A tropical depression formed south of Jamaica around 18:00 UTC on October 19 and moved northeast, intensifying to tropical storm intensity within six hours. The lumbering storm curved toward the northwest the next day, with its center narrowly avoiding Jamaica to the north. After reaching peak winds of 45 mph, it once again turned northeast and made landfall in central Cuba around 14:00 UTC on October 21. Some streets across the eastern end of the island were inundated in several feet of water. The storm accelerated northeast through the Bahamas as a tropical depression or minimal tropical storm. It dissipated after 18:00 UTC on October 23 to the southeast of Bermuda.

Hurricane Thirteen
The final and most intense storm of the 1934 season formed northeast of the Leeward Islands from the remnants of a trough or frontal boundary around 06:00 UTC on November 20. It moved northwest for a short time before executing a counter-clockwise loop south of Bermuda and continuing south-southwest. The Susan Maersk encountered the system to the west of island and suffered minor damage; the Malacca too intercepted the storm and saw its decks flooded. The cyclone strengthened into a hurricane late on November 22 and became the season's only major hurricane, with winds of 115 mph, the next afternoon. It gradually lost intensity and made landfall on the northern coast of the Dominican Republic with winds of 45 mph at 16:00 UTC on November 28. The system weakened to a tropical depression but retained a closed center while crossing the island into the Caribbean Sea. It degenerated to a remnant low and dissipated south of Jamaica after 12:00 UTC on November 30.

Season effects
This is a table of all the storms that have formed in the 1934 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s), denoted in parentheses, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low.

title: 1934 Atlantic hurricane season


text:
User talk:Ivan007

Dispute
Hi, I saw Network Solutions, and I was wondering if I could help mediate.  P eople Powered 22:19, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

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Your submission at Articles for creation: UK Holocaust Memorial Foundation (February 4)
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Your submission at Articles for creation: UK Holocaust Memorial Foundation (February 8)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reasons left by Theroadislong were:

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Theroadislong (talk) 16:59, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

Would or will - third opinion
Hi, As no other editors have commented, I have asked for a third opinion. Jontel (talk) 19:03, 8 February 2021 (UTC) Thanks! Ivan007 (talk) 17:00, 9 February 2021 (UTC)

AfC notification: Draft:UK Holocaust Memorial Foundation has a new comment
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Speedy deletion nomination of Maria Stepanova (writer)

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 * While in some cases it is quite possible that other websites - like Goodreads, book-selling websites and even highly respected publishers like New Directions Publishing may re-use Wikipedia content, that would appear to be most unlikely in this case. This article was was created 30 April 2021 and quite blatantly uses text copied from other sources. The writer is without doubt "notable", but using text copied and pasted from other websites is unacceptable Pete AU aka --Shirt58 (talk) 10:04, 3 June 2021 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: UK Holocaust Memorial Foundation (July 1)
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Nomination of Mashup (web application hybrid) for deletion
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May 2022
Hello, I'm IAmChaos. I wanted to let you know that I removed one or more external links you added to the main body of an article. Generally, any relevant external links should be listed in an "External links" section at the end of the article and meet the external links guidelines. Links within the body of an article should be internal Wikilinks. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. Happy Editing-- IAm Chaos  23:10, 23 May 2022 (UTC)

 * So you basically deleted the entire page without so much as a conversation! Do you not think I spent some time on creating that list and that there are better solutions than just dumping the whole thing without a word within a few hours of its creation? It was modelled on the Holocaust Memorials page. Though it obviously had some issues they are all fixable. Or do you think that this information should be removed from the world? I'm slightly aghast. Ivan007 (talk) 09:02, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

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