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John B. Hayes

John Briggs Hayes (30 August 1924 – 17 January 2001) was an admiral of the United States Coast Guard who served as the 16th commandant from 1978 to 1982.

Early life and education
Hayes was born in Jamestown, New York, and grew up in Bradford, Pennsylvania. He graduated from the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut in 1946, although Academy records list him in the Class of 1947. His first command assignment was at the LORAN Transmitting Station in Matsumae, Hokkaidō, Japan. After a series of Coast Guard cutter command assignments, he attended the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. Following graduation from the Naval War College, he was stationed in Washington, D.C., where he graduated from George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs, earning an M.A. in international affairs.

Career
From 1966 to 1968, Hayes assumed a command post, stationed in Vietnam, during the war. Returning to Washington, he was promoted to captain and assigned to the U.S. Coast Guard's Office of Boating Safety, followed by his service as Commandant of cadets at the United States Coast Guard Academy. From 1975, until his appointment as Coast Guard Commandant, he served as commander of the Juneau, Alaska-based 17th Coast Guard District.

Under Hayes' leadership, the Coast Guard accomplished a number of firsts for women in the military, including the assignment of Lieutenant (junior grade) Beverly Kelley, as the first female commanding officer of a U.S. military vessel, and Lieutenant Kay Hartzell, as the first female to command an isolated U.S. military unit.

Later life and death
Following his retirement from the Coast Guard, Hayes moved to Boothbay, Maine. He died while vacationing in the Florida Keys after being struck by a car at the age of 76. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

Personal life
Hayes was an Eagle Scout and a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.

title: John B. Hayes


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The Amazing Race 9

The Amazing Race 9 is the ninth season of the American reality competition show The Amazing Race. Hosted by Phil Keoghan, it featured eleven teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship, competing in a race around the world in order to win US$1,000,000. After the previous season's Family Edition, which had families of four racing around North America, this season returned to teams of two racing around the world. This season visited five continents and ten countries and traveled over 59000 mi. Starting in Morrison, Colorado, outside of Denver, racers traveled through Brazil, Russia, Germany, Italy, Greece, Oman, Australia, Thailand, Japan, and Alaska before finishing in Greater Denver. The season premiered on CBS on February 28, 2006, and concluded on May 17, 2006.

Best friends BJ Averell and Tyler MacNiven were the winners of this season, while friends Eric Sanchez and Jeremy Ryan finished in second place, and dating couple Ray Whitty and Yolanda Brown-Moore finished in third place.

Development and filming
Filming for this season began on November 7, 2005, with teams spotted at Denver International Airport. By November 22, 2005, the show was filming in the Middle East. The show filmed at Crocodylus Park in Darwin, Northern Territory, on November 25, 2005.

The Amazing Race 9 lasted 27 days, during which participants traveled over 59000 mi. Filming ran from November 7, 2005, to December 3, 2005. This season visited ten countries on five continents, three of which were new: Greece, Japan, and Oman.

Additionally, this season of The Amazing Race was the first (and to date, currently the only) season to begin and end at the same location: Red Rocks Amphitheatre, located outside of Denver, Colorado.

Cast
Following the Family Edition, this season returned to the traditional format with eleven teams of two. The teams included hippie best friends, a couple married for forty years, and sisters living in different states.

After the season finale, Eric announced that he and Danielle were dating. After the two participated in the All-Star season in 2007, Eric & Danielle announced in an interview that they were no longer dating due to the distance and were now just friends.

Ray proposed to Yolanda on The Early Show the morning after the season finale, and she accepted. The Early Show also showed their full progress on the final leg of The Amazing Race, including Yolanda's progress on the final Roadblock.

Eric Sanchez and Danielle Turner returned in The Amazing Race: All-Stars. Jeremy Ryan also appeared in the closing minutes of the season finale.
 * Future appearances

Results
The following teams are listed with their placements in each leg. Placements are listed in finishing order.
 * A placement with a dagger (†) indicates that the team was eliminated.
 * An placement with a double-dagger (‡) indicates that the team was the last to arrive at a Pit Stop in a non-elimination leg. As a penalty, they were stripped of their money, bags, and possessions other than their passports and the clothes they were wearing upon checking in, and they received no money at the start of the next leg.
 * An italicized placement indicates a team's placement at the midpoint of a double leg.
 * A indicates that the team won the Fast Forward.
 * A indicates that the team used the Yield and a  indicates the team on the receiving end of the Yield.
 * Notes

Leg 1 (United States → Brazil)

 * Episode 1: "Here We Go, Baby, Off to Win a Million Bucks!" (February 28, 2006)
 * Prize: US$10,000 each (awarded to Eric & Jeremy)
 * Eliminated: John & Scott
 * Locations
 * Morrison, Colorado (Red Rocks Park – Red Rocks Amphitheatre) (Starting Line)
 * Denver (Denver International Airport) → São Paulo, Brazil
 * São Paulo (Hotel Unique )
 * São Paulo (Viaduto Santa Efigênia )
 * São Paulo (Caverna Moto Peças or Campo de Marte Airport)
 * São Paulo (Santa Cecília – Vavá Artigos Religiosos E Esotéricos) (Unaired)
 * São Paulo (Santa Cecília – 114A Rua Frederico Abranches)
 * São Paulo (Estádio Municipal Paulo Machado de Carvalho)
 * Episode summary
 * Teams set off from Red Rocks Amphitheatre and drove to Denver International Airport, where they had to book one of the three flights to São Paulo, Brazil. While the three flights were scheduled to arrive within 30–35 minutes of one other, some of those arrival times changed due to flight delays. Once in São Paulo, teams had to travel to the rooftop of the Hotel Unique in order to find their next clue, which directed them to the Viaduto Santa Efigênia.
 * This season's first Detour was a choice between Motor Head or Rotor Head . In Motor Head, teams had to travel to a motorcycle shop and assemble a motorcycle using the parts provided along with a finished model for reference. When the motorcycle was properly assembled and the mechanic could start the bike, teams received their next clue. In Rotor Head , teams had to travel to Campo de Marte Airport, where they had to use a flight directory to locate one of three buildings from a helicopter; each location varied in distance with only a limited number of tickets provided for each. Once teams found their destination, the pilot landed the helicopter on the rooftop of that building so that teams could search a designated area for their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to find a sanctuary on Rua Federico Abranches and light a candle as part of a traditional ceremony known as Candomblé in order to receive their next clue, which directed them to the Pit Stop at the Estádio Municipal Paulo Machado de Carvalho.
 * Additional note
 * After the Detour, the clue instructed teams to travel to the district of Santa Cecília and find the Vavá store to purchase the white candle they were later shown lighting in the sanctuary; this portion of the task was unaired.

Leg 2 (Brazil)

 * Episode 2: "I'm Filthy, and I Love It" (March 7, 2006)
 * Prize: A trip to Tahiti (awarded to BJ & Tyler)
 * Eliminated: Lisa & Joni
 * Locations
 * São Paulo (Estádio Municipal Paulo Machado de Carvalho)
 * São Paulo (Edifício Copan)
 * São Paulo (Terminal Rodoviário Barra Funda) → Brotas (Terminal Rodoviário de Brotas)
 * Brotas (Camping Bela Vista or Usina Jacaré)
 * Brotas (Fazenda Primavera da Serra)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to travel to Edificio Copan and search for Bloco F in order to find their next clue.
 * In this season's first Roadblock, one team member had to climb one of three stairwells on the building's fire escape. Once at the top, they had to put on a harness and rappel 400 ft down the building in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Roadblock, teams traveled to the Terminal Rodoviário Barra Funda and had to find tickets for one of three charter buses leaving the next day to Brotas. Once there, teams had to search the bus terminal for a marked car with their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Press It or Climb It . In Press It, teams had to drive to Camping Bela Vista to process raw sugar cane and distill its juice. Teams then had to make 500 milliliters of ethanol to fuel their cars as an alternative fuel source. After completing the task, teams received their next clue. In Climb It , teams had to drive to Usina Jacaré and hike to a nearby waterfall. Once there, they climbed 90 ft to the top of the waterfall using mechanical ascenders in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: the Fazenda Primavera da Serra coffee plantation.

Leg 3 (Brazil → Russia → Germany)

 * Episode 3: "I'm In Russia Playing With Dolls" (March 14, 2006) & Episode 4: "It's Not Over Until the Phil Sings" (March 21, 2006)
 * Prize: A trip to Africa (awarded to Eric & Jeremy)
 * Eliminated: Wanda & Desiree
 * Locations
 * Brotas (Fazenda Primavera da Serra)
 * Brotas (Kilometer 114 Highway SP-225)
 * Brotas (Terminal Rodoviário de Brotas) → São Paulo
 * São Paulo → Moscow, Russia
 * Moscow (Chaika Bassein )
 * Moscow (Novodevichiy Monastery – Smolensky Cathedral)
 * Moscow (8 Trolley Park or Dubrovka Theatre )
 * Moscow (Saint Basil's Cathedral)
 * Moscow → Frankfurt, Germany
 * Frankfurt → Stuttgart
 * Stuttgart (Mercedes-Benz Headquarters – Mercedes-Benz Werk Untertürkheim)
 * Bad Tölz (Ellbach Field )
 * Grünwald (Bavaria Film Studios)
 * Munich (Siegestor)
 * Episode summary (Episode 3)
 * At the start of this leg, teams had to drive to a marked entrance near kilometer 114 Highway SP-225, and then ride a 300 ft zip-line from the top of the hill before receiving their next clue. Teams were instructed to return to São Paulo on one of three buses departing forty-five minutes apart to São Paulo's Guarulhos International Airport, and then fly to Moscow, Russia.
 * In this leg's first Roadblock, one team member had to put on a swimsuit, dive off a 10 m diving platform into the pool below, and then swim to retrieve their next clue.
 * After the first Roadblock, teams had to travel to the Novodevichiy Monastery and locate the Smolensky Cathedral in order to find their next clue.
 * This leg's first Detour was a choice between Scrub or Scour . In Scrub, teams had to travel to a trolleybus depot and thoroughly wash a Russian public trolleybus inside and out to the satisfaction of the attendant in order to receive their next clue. In Scour , teams had to travel to the Dubrovka Theatre to search among 1,500 Russian nesting dolls in order to find one of ten with a microscopic clue hidden inside.
 * After the first Detour, teams had to travel to Red Square and then search behind Saint Basil's Cathedral for Phil, who told them that the leg was not over before handing them their next clue.
 * Episode summary (Episode 4)
 * Teams were instructed to fly to Frankfurt, Germany, and then travel by train to Stuttgart. Once there, teams had to travel to the flagship Mercedes-Benz headquarters, where they had to choose a car and driver who took them on a ride through a test course at the factory known as the Wall of Death. After riding the high-speed course at speeds over 170 km/h, teams received their next clue. Teams then had to drive to Ellbach Field in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's second Roadblock, one team member had to search among 150 hats and feet scattered across a large field for one of eleven hidden Travelocity Roaming Gnomes, which had their next clue printed on its base.
 * After the second Roadblock, teams had to drive to Grünwald and find their next clue at the gate of Bavaria Film Studios.
 * This leg's second Detour was a choice between Break It or Slap It . In Break It, teams broke stunt bottles over each other's heads until they found prost (the German word for cheers) written on the back of the label in order to receive their next clue. However, they could only smash one bottle per cuckoo from a traditional German cuckoo clock. In Slap It , teams had to correctly perform a traditional Schuhplattler dance in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the second Detour, teams had to drive to Munich and check in at the Pit Stop: the Siegestor.
 * Additional notes
 * The prize was given to the first team who brought a Travelocity gnome to the Pit Stop. Eric & Jeremy won the prize.
 * Leg 3 was a double leg that was aired over two episodes.

Leg 4 (Germany → Italy)

 * Episode 5: "Good Thing I Took That Human Anatomy Class in High School" (March 28, 2006)
 * Prize: Digital imaging package (awarded to BJ & Tyler)
 * Eliminated: Danielle & Dani
 * Locations
 * Munich (Siegestor)
 * Munich → Palermo, Italy
 * Palermo (Teatro Massimo)
 * Castellammare del Golfo (Seaside Terrace)
 * Castellammare del Golfo (Premiata Fonderia Birrione Campane & Via Don Leonardo Zangara or Corso Giuseppe Garibaldi)
 * Calatafimi-Segesta (Amphitheater)
 * Calatafimi-Segesta (Tempio di Segesta)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to Palermo on the Italian island of Sicily. Once there, teams had to travel to the Teatro Massimo, where they had to search the grounds for their next clue. Teams were then instructed to travel to Castellammare del Golfo and find their next clue at the Seaside Terrace overlooking the Castello Normanno Lighthouse.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Foundry or Laundry . In Foundry, teams had to walk to a nearby foundry to pick up a 110 lb iron-cast bell. Teams then had to load the bell onto an Ape, drive to Via Don Leonardo Zangara, and deliver the bell to a priest at Chiesa Maria SS. Del Soccorso in order to receive their next clue. In Laundry , teams had to search through over 2,400 pieces of laundry for one of sixteen pieces of clothing bearing a red and yellow tag, which they could exchange for their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to drive to Calatafimi-Segesta and find their next clue at the Amphitheater.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to correctly piece together a classical Greek statue in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to travel on foot to the nearby Tempio di Segesta in order to check in at the Pit Stop.
 * Additional note
 * Lake & Michelle chose to Yield Danielle & Dani.

Leg 5 (Italy)

 * Episode 6: "Sleep Deprivation Is Really Starting to Irritate Me" (April 5, 2006)
 * Prize: Cruise for two to Mexico (awarded to Eric & Jeremy)
 * Eliminated: Dave & Lori
 * Locations
 * Calatafimi-Segesta (Tempio di Segesta)
 * Catania (Anfiteatro Romano)
 * Catania (Il Mercato Storico la Pescheria )
 * Syracuse (Ponte Umbertino )
 * Syracuse (Fonte Aretusa)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams had to drive to the Anfiteatro Romano in Catania and search within the ruins of the amphitheater for their next clue, which instructed them to count the statue heads on the fence posts surrounding the grounds. Once teams counted the heads, they had to find the groundskeeper and give him the correct number in order to receive their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Big Fish or Little Fish . In Big Fish, teams had to travel on foot to a street vendor in Via Alessi, pick up a 30-pound swordfish, and then carry it another 1/3 mi to Il Mercato Storico la Pescheria. At the market, teams had to find the fish vendor and exchange their swordfish for their next clue. In Little Fish , teams had to travel on foot to the same fish market and sell 4 kg of a small fish known as triglia in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to drive to the Ponte Umbertino in Syracuse in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to participate in kayak polo. They had to join a professional team and participate in an ongoing match. When racers scored one goal, they could receive their next clue directing them to the Pit Stop: the Fonte Aretusa in Syracuse.

Leg 6 (Italy → Greece)

 * Episode 7: "Herculean Effort for Some Herculean Dudes" (April 12, 2006)
 * Prize: A trip to the premiere of The Da Vinci Code in Hollywood, California (awarded to Eric & Jeremy)
 * Eliminated: Lake & Michelle
 * Locations
 * Syracuse (Fonte Aretusa)
 * Syracuse → Rome
 * Rome (Trevi Fountain)
 * Rome (Spanish Steps)
 * Rome → Athens, Greece
 * Athens (Ancient Agora)
 * Athens (Plaka – Stamatopoulos Taverna)
 * Athens → Corinth (Isthmos Railway Station)
 * Corinth (Corinth Canal)
 * Nemea (Ancient Stadium)
 * Rio (Fortress of Rio)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to travel by train to Rome. Once there, teams had to travel to the Trevi Fountain and find a man with a yellow and red scooter, who gave them their next clue and one half of Leonardo da Vinci's drawing of the Vitruvian Man. Teams were then instructed to travel to the Spanish Steps and find carriages with black leather portfolios containing the other half of the Vitruvian Man and their next clue, which instructed them to fly to Athens, Greece, and travel to the Ancient Agora in order to find their next clue.
 * This season's first Fast Forward required one team to travel on foot to Stamatopoulos Taverna in Athens and smash plates. Teams had to find a route marker flag baked into only one out of hundreds of plates. Eric & Jeremy won the Fast Forward.
 * Teams who chose to not attempt the Fast Forward had to travel by train from Athens and exit at the Isthmos railway station in Corinth in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to bungee jump 240 ft into the Corinth Canal in order to receive their next clue.
 * For this Ancient Greek-inspired Detour, teams drove to the Ancient Stadium in Nemea and had to choose between either Herculean Effort or It's All Greek To Me . In Herculean Effort, teams had to complete three events from the Ancient Olympic Games. One team member had to throw the discus, the other team member had to do the javelin throw, and both team members had to participate in Greco-Roman wrestling and push an opponent out of a 20 ft circle in order to receive their next clue. In It's All Greek To Me , teams entered an archaeological site and searched for nine pieces of pottery containing Greek letters. Teams then had to translate the letters from Greek to English and unscramble them to spell out a location on a Greek map – Dimitsana (Δημητσανα) – in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: the Fortress of Rio, overlooking the Rio–Antirrio Bridge, in Rio.
 * Additional notes
 * The bungee jump into the Corinth Canal was later revisited on season 29 as a Switchback.
 * In the spirit of The Da Vinci Code, teams had to figure out how to arrange the two parchments of the Vitruvian Man in order to reveal a message. The first team to bring the solution to the Pit Stop would win the prize. Eric & Jeremy, who were the first to arrive at the Pit Stop, were able to put the message together and were awarded the prize.

Leg 7 (Greece → Oman)

 * Episode 8: "Here Comes the Bedouin" (April 19, 2006)
 * Prize: A trip to Rome, Italy (awarded to Fran & Barry)
 * Locations
 * Rio (Fortress of Rio)
 * Antirrio (Antirrio Visitor Center) → Athens
 * Athens → Muscat, Oman
 * Muscat (Riyam Park)
 * Sur (Baith Al Battha)
 * Al Hawiyah (Shuwa Area)
 * Jabrin (Jabreen Castle)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to Muscat, Oman. Teams first had to sign up for one of two charter buses departing an hour apart that took them to the Athens International Airport, where they then flew to Muscat. Once there, teams had to go to Riyam Park and find a giant incense burner in order to find their next clue. Teams then had to drive to Baith Al Battha in order to find their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Camel or Watchtower . In Camel, teams had to travel by ferry across a creek to the opposite bank, where they had to lift a camel into a truck using a winch. They then had to use a map to drive 1 mi to a Bedouin camp and deliver the camel in order to receive their next clue. In Watchtower , teams had to cross the river and search three watchtowers for an Arabian message box scroll, although not every watchtower had a scroll. After they found it, they had to travel 1 mi to Al-Sayegh Gold and Silversmith and exchange their scroll for their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to drive to the shuwa area in Al Hawiyah in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to dig into 117 sand dunes until they found one of six Omani underground ovens with a shuwa, a woven pouch with a meal of lamb wrapped in a dried palm leaf bag and steamed in the oven, in order to receive their next clue directing them to the Pit Stop: Jabreen Castle in Jabrin.
 * Additional note
 * This was a non-elimination leg.

Leg 8 (Oman → Australia)

 * Episode 9: "Do You Know How Much Running I Did Today, Phil?" (April 26, 2006)
 * Prize: A trip to Hong Kong (awarded to Eric & Jeremy)
 * Eliminated: Fran & Barry
 * Locations
 * Jabrin (Jabreen Castle)
 * Muscat → Perth, Australia
 * Perth (Kings Park – State War Memorial)
 * Fremantle → Rottnest Island
 * Rottnest Island (Wadjemup Lighthouse)
 * Rottnest Island (Salmon Bay)
 * Rottnest Island → Fremantle or Perth
 * Fremantle (Fremantle Prison)
 * Fremantle (Fremantle Sailing Club – South Breakwater)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to Perth, Australia. Once there, teams had to travel to Kings Park and search for the State War Memorial in order to find their next clue. Teams were instructed to travel by ferry to Rottnest Island. Once there, teams had to pick up a tandem bicycle from a bike shop and pedal 3 mi to Wadjemup Lighthouse in order to find their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Sand or Sea . In Sand, teams had to drag 40 branches 126 yd to a sand dune, an activity known as "brushing the beach", which helps to prevent beach erosion, in order to receive their next clue. In Sea , teams had to dive into the waves and search among 50 underwater crayfish traps on the ocean floor for those with live Western rock lobsters. Each team member had to retrieve one lobster and deliver them to a fisherman in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to pedal back to the bike shop, travel by ferry back to the mainland, and then travel to Fremantle Prison in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to search Division No. 4 of Fremantle Prison for one of several cells that contained a flashlight. They then had to search for an entrance to a darkened cavern, descend underground, and use the flashlight to search for a set of either wet or dry tunnels for their next clue directing them to the Pit Stop: the South Breakwater at the Fremantle Sailing Club.

Leg 9 (Australia)

 * Episode 10: "Man, They Should Have Used Their Fake Names" (May 3, 2006)
 * Prize: Two one-year leases for Mercedes ML350s (awarded to Ray & Yolanda)
 * Locations
 * Fremantle (Fremantle Sailing Club – South Breakwater)
 * Perth (City Centre – Swan Bells Tower)
 * Perth → Darwin
 * Darwin (Berrimah – Crocodylus Park)
 * Batchelor (Batchelor Airfield – Darwin Parachute Club)
 * Litchfield National Park (Magnetic Termite Mounds)
 * Litchfield National Park (Buley Rockhole or The Lost City)
 * Lake Bennett (Lake Bennett Wilderness Resort)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams had to drive to Perth and climb to the top of the Swan Bells Tower in order to find their next clue. Teams were instructed to fly to Darwin. Once there, teams drove to Crocodylus Park, where they had to wade into a pond full of crocodiles in order to retrieve their next clue directing them to the Batchelor Airfield.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had choose an airplane, climb to an altitude of 12000 ft, and then perform a tandem skydive with an instructor. Once on the ground, they received their next clue.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to drive to the Litchfield National Park and search for their next clue among the magnetic termite mounds.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Wet or Dry . In Wet, teams had to drive 6 mi to a swimming hole called Buley Rockhole, and then hike and swim 1 mi down a river infested with spiders and poisonous plants in order to retrieve their next clue. In Dry , teams had to drive 6 mi on-road, and then another 6 mi off-road, to a rock formation known as The Lost City. Once there, teams had to select a didgeridoo and follow the sound of music in order to locate a nearby Aboriginal musician with a matching didgeridoo, who taught each team member to play a note so they could receive their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: the Lake Bennett Wilderness Resort.
 * Additional notes
 * BJ & Tyler chose to Yield Joseph & Monica.
 * This was a non-elimination leg.

Leg 10 (Australia → Thailand)

 * Episode 11: "I Think This Monkey Likes Me" (May 10, 2006)
 * Prize: A cruise around Sydney Harbour with visits to the Hunter Valley wine district and the Great Barrier Reef, and a stay at a luxury hotel while at the Pit Stop (awarded to Ray & Yolanda)
 * Eliminated: Joseph & Monica
 * Locations
 * Lake Bennett (Lake Bennett Wilderness Resort)
 * Darwin → Bangkok, Thailand
 * Bangkok → Lopburi
 * Lopburi (Prang Sam Yot)
 * Pho Kao Ton (Bo Ngoen Pla Pao Restaurant)
 * Pak Kret → Ko Kret Island
 * Ko Kret Island (Buddha Garden)
 * Ko Kret Island (Jom Jam Pottery Factory or Wat Chimphli)
 * Bangkok (Marble Temple)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to Bangkok, Thailand. Once there, teams had to travel by bus to Lopburi and find their next clue at Prang Sam Yot.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to recreate a properly arranged ceremonial feast of fruit and give it to the monkeys at Prang Sam Yot in order to receive their next clue.
 * This season's second Fast Forward required teams to travel to a restaurant and eat a bowl of fried crickets and grasshoppers. BJ & Tyler won the Fast Forward.
 * After the Roadblock, teams were instructed to travel by ferry to Ko Kret Island and find their next clue at the Buddha Garden.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Move It or Altar It . In Move It, teams had to go to the Jom Jam Pottery Factory and then transport a total of 72 clay pots on wooden boards balanced on their shoulders through the streets of a market to a boat in order to receive their next clue. In Altar It , teams had to go to the Wat Chimphli temple, where they had to properly assemble a shrine and then apply gold leaf to a statue of Buddha in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: the Marble Temple in Bangkok.
 * Additional note
 * The clue at Prang Sam Yot contained an additional envelope inside that informed teams to not open it until they reached the Pit Stop. The prize on this leg was awarded to the team who had a picture of a golden gnome in their envelope. Ray & Yolanda won the prize.

Leg 11 (Thailand → Japan)

 * Episode 12: "5 Continents, 9 Countries, More Than 59,000 Miles" (May 17, 2006)
 * Prize: Two T-Mobile Sidekicks with three years of free service (awarded to BJ & Tyler)
 * Locations
 * Bangkok (Marble Temple)
 * Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (Royal Elephant Kraal)
 * Bangkok → Tokyo, Japan
 * Tokyo (Narita International Airport) → Narita (Hotel Nikko Narita)
 * Tokyo (Shibuya Scramble Crossing)
 * Tokyo (Hachikō Statue)
 * Tokyo (Hama-rikyū Gardens or Sankusu Street)
 * Tokyo (Capsule Land Hotel)
 * Fujiyoshida (Fujikyu Highland)
 * Yamanakako (Lake Yamanaka – The Big Swan)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams traveled to the Royal Elephant Kraal, where they received smartphones from the elephants that displayed their next clue instructing them to fly to Tokyo, Japan. Once there, teams had to travel to the parking lot of the Hotel Nikko Narita, search for a marked vehicle, and then drive to the Sakamoto Building in Shibuya. They had to walk to a scramble crossing and scan the big flashing screens in order to find their next clue: Find Hachiko! They had to figure out that they had to find a statue of the namesake dog, where they found a man wearing a red and yellow scarf with their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Maiden or Messenger . In Maiden, teams had to travel to Hama-rikyū Gardens and carry a traditional Japanese palanquin with a young Japanese woman 1/3 mi to a tea ceremony pavilion in order to receive their next clue. In Messenger , teams had to travel 200 yd to a parking lot and pick up a pair of folding bicycles as well as messenger bags, which each contained a parcel. Teams then had to assemble the bikes and ride through the streets of Tokyo to deliver the packages to Shinjuku Park Tower and Shinjuku Chuo Koen in Shinjuku. When they were done, teams returned to the bike parking lot in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to travel to the Capsule Land Hotel, where they received one of three departure times fifteen minutes apart the next day based on the order they arrived. The next morning, teams were directed to drive to Fujikyu Highland in Fujiyoshida in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to ride on three extreme rides in the following order: The Pizza, Dodonpa, and Fujiyama. While riding, they had to spot a man holding a message somewhere along one of the rides. After the third ride, they had to relay the message to the park manager in order to receive their next clue. If they could not, they had to go on all three rides again.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to drive to Lake Yamanaka and pedal a swan boat to the Pit Stop: The Big Swan.
 * Additional note
 * This was a non-elimination leg.

Leg 12 (Japan → United States)

 * Episode 12: "5 Continents, 9 Countries, More Than 59,000 Miles" (May 17, 2006)
 * Prize: US$1,000,000
 * Winners: BJ & Tyler
 * Runners-up: Eric & Jeremy
 * Third place: Ray & Yolanda
 * Locations
 * Yamanakako (Lake Yamanaka – The Big Swan)
 * Narita (Hotel Nikko Narita) → Tokyo (Narita International Airport)
 * Tokyo → Anchorage, Alaska (Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport)
 * Anchorage (Mirror Lake)
 * Anchorage (Kincaid Park)
 * Anchorage → Denver, Colorado
 * Golden (Clear Creek History Park)
 * Morrison (Red Rocks Park – Red Rocks Amphitheatre)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to Anchorage, Alaska. Once there, teams had to search the airport for a marked car with their next clue, which directed them to drive to Mirror Lake.
 * This season's final Detour was a choice between Drill It or Deliver It . In Drill It, teams had to use an ice auger to drill 10 holes in the ice, push an ice fishing shack to the holes, and properly position the shack over at least two of the holes in order to receive their next clue. In Deliver It , teams would have had to load a bush plane with medical supplies, fly with a pilot over 75 mi to Girdwood, deliver the supplies, receive their next clue, and then fly back. Due to poor weather conditions, this option was subject to an indefinite delay, so all teams performed Drill It.
 * After the Detour, teams drove to Kincaid Park, where they had to search the park's chalet for snowshoes and then hike to their next clue. Teams were then instructed to fly to Denver, Colorado. Once there, teams traveled to Clear Creek History Park in Golden and searched the grounds for their next clue, which instructed teams to "Go Back to Where You Started", leaving them to figure out that their next destination was the starting line: Red Rocks Amphitheatre.
 * In this season's final Roadblock, one team member had to search a field of 285 flags, find the nine flags representing each of the countries that they visited, and place them in chronological order. Teams had a reference board with the correct flags along with three decoy flags. Unlike normal Roadblocks, the non-participating team member could provide guidance, but could not physically assist. Once teams got the order of the flags correct, they could run to the nearby finish line.
 * {|class="wikitable unsortable" style="text-align:left"

! scope="col" | Order ! scope="col" | Flags ! scope="row" | 1 ! scope="row" | 2 ! scope="row" | 3 ! scope="row" | 4 ! scope="row" | 5 ! scope="row" | 6 ! scope="row" | 7 ! scope="row" | 8 ! scope="row" | 9
 * 🇧🇷 Brazil
 * 🇷🇺 Russia
 * 🇩🇪 Germany
 * 🇮🇹 Italy
 * 🇬🇷 Greece
 * 🇴🇲 Oman
 * 🇦🇺 Australia
 * 🇹🇭 Thailand
 * 🇯🇵 Japan
 * }
 * Additional note
 * Legs 11 and 12 aired back-to-back as a special two-hour episode.

Critical response
The Amazing Race 9 received mixed reviews. Linda Holmes of Television Without Pity was negative towards this season due to it being dominated by two "obnoxious" teams writing "Dear This Season: Boo." Andy Dehnart of reality blurred wrote that this season rebounded from the previous "lame" Family Edition. Heather Havrilesky of Salon wrote "all in all, this was a really lively, fun season of 'The Amazing Race,' the kind that strengthens my undying commitment to watch every second of every hour of every season of this show". In 2016, this season was ranked 21st out of the first 27 seasons by the Rob Has a Podcast Amazing Race correspondents. In 2021, Jane Andrews of Gossip Cop ranked this season as the show's 10th best season.

Ratings

 * Canadian ratings

Awards
On August 27, 2006, season 9 won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program, the fourth consecutive award for the series.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Amazing Race 9


text:
Ouray

Ouray may refer to:

Places in the United States

 * Ouray County, Colorado
 * Ouray, Colorado, a small city
 * Ouray Peak, Colorado
 * Mount Ouray, Colorado
 * Ouray, Utah, a village
 * Ouray National Wildlife Refuge, Randlett, Utah

People

 * Ouray (Ute leader) (1833–1880), Native American chief of a band of the Ute tribe

title: Ouray


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Twisted

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 14:29, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Twisted
A band that was formed in 2004 and has not issued any record. No evidence of notability, no entry in AMG. Delete. JoaoRicardo 04:02, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * del. Mikkalai 04:55, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, band vanity. Megan1967 06:30, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, the drummer was born in 1987. He should also be deleted. -- Riffsyphon1024 06:34, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete just the article. Go easy on the drummer, hitting things is a sign of a healthy mind. Andrewa (drummer) 11:33, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn. band. jni 11:41, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Jealousy is an ugly thing. Besides it's the guitarist born in 1987, and as it says there is stuff coming up - of course the article will be updated, as the band releases new stuff. The official homepage is in Danish, therefore it's not mentioned, since none would be able to use it.

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * We are a lot of people who are excited about their work, and some of us have listened to pieces of their music and read the lyrics. They are creative and talented people - They deserve just a little note somewhere.
 * The above comments by 62.61.132.187
 * It is all very well that you are excited on your work, and you certainly deserve a little note somewhere, but that somewhere isn't in an encyclopedia. That's what your own website is for, and how about joining a Webring or two? Delete. Radiant! 15:48, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for not meeting the Notability and Music Guidelines. Tuf-Kat 04:35, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain Would be interested in seeing the website. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)  06:53, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable band.  --BM 15:17, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Twisted


text:
San Antonio Abad metro station

San Antonio Abad is a station on Line 2 of the Mexico City Metro system. It is located in the Colonia Tránsito and Colonia Obrera neighborhoods of the Cuauhtémoc borough of Mexico City, to the south of the city centre, in the median of Calzada San Antonio Abad.

General information
The station logo depicts Saint Anthony the Great, after the monastery dedicated to him that was established in the area after the Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlán. The section of the avenue on which the station sits is also called after him, but due south it later becomes Calzada de Tlalpan.

Metro San Antonio Abad is the first street-level station on the southern section of Line 2. The station opened on 1 August 1970.

Exits

 * East: Avenida San Antonio Abad and Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera street, Colonia Tránsito
 * West: Avenida San Antonio Abad between Manuel M. Flores street and José Joaquín Arriaga street, Colonia Obrera

title: San Antonio Abad metro station


text:
Talk:United States Disciplinary Barracks

Headline text

 * if the jail are just for offers where to they put the listed man? prvits qut,sgants?
 * First paragraph clarified to address your questions. Movementarian 12:40, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

Rewrite and Expansion
I have expanded and rewritten this article using the references listed. As this is my first major rewrite, I would appreciate if a more experienced user would correct any mistakes I may have made. Movementarian 20:12, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

The federal prison is south of the USDB, not north of it.

The whole article needs to be rewritten.

The old building has been torn down and you can no longer refer to it as the "Castle" when one no longer exists.

Also the pictures need to be updated to reflect the new building and the old one. Trentc —The preceding  signed but undated.

There are still parts of the old USDB standing. 12th brick grille is located there. http://garrison.leavenworth.army.mil/Services/12th_Brick_Grille.asp One should add that MOS 31E are the guards. Also that they are called cage kickers by the support MOS. Should also add that it falls under the 15th MP BRG/ 40th MP BN. There is a press release out about PFC Maning being at the JCRF until his trial is over. Should add that it is in a restricted area, so the public is not allowed even in the area, but you can see it from off base on coffin rd. Micahhiggs (talk) 03:17, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

more caucasians?
Witt is listed here as the only caucasian, but then on Kreutzer's link, he, I believe, is listed as caucasian. Are they both? Is one not? Maybe it would work to delete the affirmation of Witt's status as the only caucasian (at least until confirmed). --Coryma 00:26, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

I concur. I noticed the same thing too right now, and it's more than three months since. --ShawnLee 27 September 2006

I removed that line text as the reference disputes it clearly states that there are two Caucasians on military death row —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.189.128.224 (talk • contribs)

historical/famous prisoners
Leavenworth has had all kinds of famous prisoners - someone care to take on writing a paragraph to describe its historical importance? --lquilter 06:14, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

What is the ref under the picture about?
All it says is mock? Adam Weeden 12:37, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * It refers to the name of the author listed in the references section. I've rolled them together into one note. ✤ JonHarder talk 00:31, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

German POW numbers
The History section says 14 German POWs were killed in 1945, while the Capital punishment section says 12 POWs were killed in 1944. Looks like the first number/date comes from a 2003 survey of the headstones in the cemetery, while the second comes from a partially illegible list found in a Pentagon filing cabinet (which, on the website of the DPIC, also shows 14, not 12). Is there an authoritative source somewhere? Ratbasket 12:41, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

Removing "Current death row inmates" section
I am removing the "Current death row inmates" section per WP:BLP. I don't see any citation for the names in this section and I can't find a list at the Fort Leavenworth site, so there's no way to know that they all belong here and some are not just joke edits. Hopefully the editor who originally added these names can provide a WP:RS and the section can be restored. --CliffC 01:33, 16 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I think this may be the reference you are looking for here. Anyone have any reservations about adding this list back into the main article? Tan   |   39  17:39, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Contradictory information
In one part of the article it states that the last person executed at Leavenworth was in the 1960s, it then mentions that another was conducted in the 1980s. Am I reading this wrong? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.91.9.215 (talk) 01:39, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Redirect from Leavenworth
I would think that the Leavenworth entry should redirect to this article, instead of to Leavenworth, Kansas. Outside of Kansas, the military prison is the more common use for the name, not the city. I was bold and updated the redirect. --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 18:59, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Seems reasonable to me. ✤ JonHarder talk 14:00, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Strongly Oppose - It should go to disambiguation and I will move it. The more famous of the two prisons is the federal penitentiary and not the disciplinary barracks (e.g., the phrase "I did time at Leavenworth" usually refers to the federal pen and not the barracks).  Plus there is so much history associated with Fort Leavenworth a disambig is the really only choice.  Thank you for at least discussing it.  Americasroof (talk) 14:42, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I have no objection to it going to the disambig instead. I just didn't feel the article for the city in Kansas was the best default target (not the most common usage). The funny thing is, the  entry itself used to be the disambig (many years back, before the fort, penitentiary, or the disciplinary barracks were part of the disambig). --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 01:09, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for being very polite and posting here. I probably would never have noticed it otherwise.  It's amazing that it did not stay as a disambig.  It did get me going on trying to update the article since it's likely to get a lot more attention soon as part of the Gitmo thing.  In the for what it's worth department, I lived in Leavenworth for a couple years and was inside the walls of both the Castle and the Big Top.  I kept meaning to circle around and update the articles.  Thanks again.  Americasroof (talk) 02:11, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Update: Earlier today the disambig was moved back to Leavenworth, where it started and where it seems to still belong. So, this is fully cleaned up now. --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 16:59, 4 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks! And special thanks for going the extra mile to get 'er done! Americasroof (talk) 18:09, 4 September 2009 (UTC)

Bradley Manning
There are two new military prisons at Fort Leavenworth. The USDB and the Midwest Correctional Institution. Reputable sources say Bradley Manning is going to the Correctional Institution and not the DB. This editor is aggressively edit warringsaying Manning is going to the USDB -- on the basis of a photo because the USDB is new -- they're both new !!!!!Americasroof (talk) 04:20, 20 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Oh, come on! Aggressive edit waring? WP:AFG. The WP article on the new facility needs work (which I mentioned) and the writer of the news story does not know which facility is which.  WP:COOL. WP:WIKILOVE. --S. Rich (talk) 04:32, 20 April 2011 (UTC)
 * How can anyone who has not even been convcited of anything be "going" anywhere? Trentc (talk) 09:39, 24 April 2011 (UTC)

Manning's first name is still Bradley. His name has not been legally changed and the article should reflect that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.195.179.49 (talk) 04:23, 27 August 2013 (UTC)

Robert Bales
Robert Bales is the nearby Midwest Correctional Institution also at Fort Leavenworth. The Disciplinary Barracks is targeted for CONVICTED hardcore criminals. The Midwest Correctional Institution is targeted for lesser criminals and those awaiting charges. This is the same situtationas Bradley Manning (see above) http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/avantgo/2017771655.html  Americasroof (talk) 10:46, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

Propose adding Timothy Hennis to the death row section
Inmate Hennis is a former master sergeant in the Army that was convicted of murdering a mother and two of her daughters in 1985 in Fayetteville, NC. I propose adding him because, while he doesn't have a Wiki article, his case has gained notability because he was courtmartialed and convicted after being acquitted in a North Carolina court almost 20 years earlier and the story made national headlines, resulting in some television specials. He actually went to court three times, once in 1986 for his initial conviction and death sentence, again in a 1989 retrial where he was acquitted, and a third time where he was recalled to active duty two years after retiring and convicted in a 2010 court-martial. Right now, he is appealing the case (he has done so several times already) because his lawyers are claiming that the Army didn't have jurisdiction to try him. Amducker (talk) 10:23, 26 July 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on United States Disciplinary Barracks. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110715230100/http://www.military.com:80/news/article/mutinied-leavenworth-inmates-face-more-time.html? to http://www.military.com/news/article/mutinied-leavenworth-inmates-face-more-time.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 05:36, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

Haven't been able to reach the USDB home page for days - can Americans?
I'm fairly sure I've been on the United States Disciplinary Barracks site in the past but I've been trying to reach it for 3-4(?) days without success. No amount of searching for a new site is getting me anywhere. I can reach army.mil but not leavenworth.army.mil or anything with that as part of the address. I can't find a link to USDB on army.mil.

There is a link to the home page in the references of this article. Could someone in the US see if you can reach the site and if so, maybe you can round up a few overseas friends (in this day and age, we ALL have overseas friends!) and see if they can reach it. If it turns out that people outside the US can't access it, please add a note to that effect and... if there is a portal for overseas folks, supply that link, too. Ta muchly!

Mathsgirl (talk) 23:07, 29 September 2016 (UTC)

 * From the United States:
 * leavenworth.army.mil by itself doesn't have a DNS entry.
 * http://www.leavenworth.army.mil/ has an IPv4 address but it isn't responding.
 * http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/ is up.
 * http://garrison.leavenworth.army.mil/ is up.
 * http://usdb.leavenworth.army.mil/ has an IPv4 address but it isn't responding.
 * http://usacac.leavenworth.army.mil/ is a 404, but http://usacac.army.mil/ is up.
 * --Closeapple (talk) 06:47, 30 September 2016 (UTC)

TITLE CHANGE
Recommendation: This Article is very informative regarding USDB Ft Leavenworth and therefore should be retitled USDB Ft Leavenworth. It was not the Army's first or only for a significant period of Army History: "By July, 1944, three branch DB's had been opened at the following locations: Eastern Branch, Green Haven, New York; Southern Branch, North Camp Hood, Texas; and Northwestern Branch,Fort Missoula, Montana. In 1945, seven additional branches of the USDB were established as follows: Southeastern Branch, Camp Gordon, Georgia; Central Branch, Jefferson Barracks, Missouri; Northern Branch, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Midwestern Branch, Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana; Southwestern Branch, Camp Haan, California; East Central Branch, New Cumberland, Pennsylvania; and Northeastern Branch, Pine Camp, New York. Available records reflect that the ten branches received a total of almost 2,000 prisoners in the year 1945 alone." Reference HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES DISCIPLINARY BARRACKS, 1875-PRESENT LIBRARY CGSC fT LEAVENWORTH KAN AUG 24 1978 Student Study Project #4-016 USACGSC Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Meyerj (talk) 13:32, 24 October 2016 (UTC)

Chelsea Manning description in "Former notable inmates" section
In Chelsea Manning's description as a former inmate, the ending of the first sentence that stated "while known as Bradley Manning" was removed by MaxHarmony due to it being considered Manning's deadname from before he came out as transgender. While I understand that this is a very sensitive subject to many that have came out, by deleting Manning's birthname from the article, it may cause confusion for some visitors to this page.

Based on MOS:BIRTHNAME, the birth name of a mentally ill person should only be used in the lead sentence of the subject if they were notable prior to coming out. While this isn't the Chelsea Manning article and he goes by the name Chelsea now, he committed the crimes and was court-martialed while known as Bradley, and didn't publicly state that he would want to be known as Chelsea until after being convicted. Also, the USDB is officially an all-male military correctional facility, which may confuse people that will want to know why a trans-female was confined in an all-male facility.

Maybe the community needs to come up with a decision whether or not Manning's birth name needs to be included in the description of his crimes strictly for clarity for people that may not go to the Chelsea Manning article for further information and not for the purpose of misgendering like some people may be concerned with. Amducker (talk) 18:57, 19 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I do understand the concern about confusion, but I think the link to his article is sufficient to alleviate any confusion caused. And, frankly, the blame for any confusion lies firmly at the feet of the US Army. MaxHarmony (talk) 01:55, 20 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm not exactly sure what you mean by the statement about any confusion being the fault of the Army, but if you are implying that they should have sent Manning to Miramar instead of the USDB due to his gender identity, the DOD has barely scratched the surface on figuring out how to integrate mentally ill service members into the military that are free, let alone figure out how to deal with the wishes and needs of a mentally ill inmate. Amducker (talk) 03:06, 20 May 2017 (UTC)

Edit war
With this reversion, User:Blob the troll has engaged in WP:EDITWAR. Should he persist despite my repeated warnings, I shall report him at Administrators' noticeboard/Edit warring. Incidentally, the troll's underlying edit violates Wikipedia policy, achieved after protracted debate, declaring that Manning be referred to throughout this encyclopedia as Chelsea. See Talk:Chelsea Manning. KalHolmann (talk) 00:58, 1 October 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 April 2022
Remove this:
 * William Kreutzer Jr. – Killed an officer and wounded 18 fellow soldiers during a shooting rampage a shooting rampage. He was initially sentenced to death, but his death sentence was reduced to life in prison with the possibility of parole on appeal. X - This contains a repeating phrase and is missing information.

Replace it with this:
 * William Kreutzer Jr. – Killed an officer and wounded 18 fellow soldiers at Fort Bragg when he opened fire on them in the callisthenics field during a physical training formation. He was initially sentenced to death, but his death sentence was reduced to life in prison with the possibility of parole on appeal. Y - This is the correct details, with the information found on the linked page. (Name) Sythewave (talk) 00:59, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅. Aidan9382 (talk) 18:25, 21 April 2022 (UTC)

There has been an edit war on this page please protect it
Will add to WP:RFPP too 24.115.255.37 (talk) 03:35, 22 June 2024 (UTC)


text:
Owen W. Siler

Owen Wesley Siler (January 10, 1922 – July 17, 2007) was a United States Coast Guard admiral who served as the 15th commandant from 1974 to 1978.

Early life and education
Siler was born in Seattle, Washington and grew up in Santa Maria, California where he attended Santa Maria High School. He graduated from Santa Maria Junior College (now Allan Hancock College) in 1940, and transferred to the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut, graduating a year early due to World War II. Upon graduation, he was assigned to the assault troop transport ship, USS Hunter Liggett (APA-14), and participated in the invasion of Bougainville. Siler received a Master of Science degree in international affairs from George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs in 1968.

Career
During World War II, Siler quickly advanced through the ranks, serving as a gunnery officer, assistant navigator, and deck watch officer. In the immediate aftermath of the war, he participated in the U.S. occupation of Northern Honshū, Japan.

Upon returning to the United States in April 1946, he briefly served as a personnel officer at the U.S. Coast Guard Training Center in Alameda, California, before his assignment as navigator of USCGC Taney (WHEC-37).

His career with the U.S. Coast Guard included serving as a deck officer afloat, as an aviator performing search and rescue patrols, and ashore in the law enforcement, marine safety and environmental protection fields. Other assignments included chief of the search and rescue branch in Juneau, Alaska, deputy chief of staff in Washington, and commanding officer at Air Station Miami, where the station received a Coast Guard unit commendation for Cuban exodus operations during October and November 1965.

From 1971 until his appointment as commandant, he served as commander of the St. Louis-based 2nd Coast Guard District.

During Siler's tenure as commandant he instituted a minority recruiting program and was instrumental in having women admitted to the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, making it the first of the military service academies to do so. He also oversaw the expansion of the U.S. Coast Guard's marine environmental protection program, with the passage of the Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of 1976, which included an increase of the service's jurisdiction along the U.S. coastline to more than two million square miles.

Siler was the last World War II veteran to serve as commandant.

Later life and death
Following his retirement from the U.S. Coast Guard, Siler moved to Savannah, Georgia, where he died from complications of heart failure on July 17, 2007, at the age of 85, and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

title: Owen W. Siler


text:
Roberts Bank

Roberts Bank is an undersea bank in the Strait of Georgia on the south side of the estuary of the Fraser River approximately 35 km south of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Located between the South Arm of the Fraser River and Tsawwassen, it is significant as both a transport hub because of the Tsawwassen Ferry Terminal and port because of the Roberts Bank Superport, and as an area with important wetland habitat. The term properly refers to the shallows offshore from the Superport and wetland.

title: Roberts Bank


text:
Chabacano metro station

Chabacano metro station is a Mexico City Metro transfer station in the Cuauhtémoc borough of Mexico City. It is served by Lines 2 (the Blue Line), 8 (the Green Line) and 9 (the Brown Line). It is a combined underground and at-grade station whose platforms are distributed into two side platforms and one island platform—the Spanish solution layout.

Chabacano metro station is located between San Antonio Abad and Viaducto stations on Line 2, between Obrera and La Viga stations on Line 8, and between Lázaro Cárdenas and Jamaica stations on Line 9. It serves the colonias (neighborhoods) of Ampliación Asturias, Obrera, and Vista Alegre. The station's pictogram depicts an apricot and it was named after a previously existing street that had multiple apricot trees.

Chabacano metro station opened on 1 August 1970 with service on Line 2 northward toward Pino Suárez metro station and southward toward Tasqueña station. Southeasterly service on Line 8 toward Constitución de 1917 station and northward toward Garibaldi station began on 20 July 1994. Line 9's west–east service from Centro Médico to Pantitlán stations started on 26 August 1987. The station serving Line 2 had to be rebuilt when the transfer stations were built.

The station facilities are accessible to people with disabilities as there are elevators, escalators and access ramps; inside, there is an Internet café, an information desk, a cultural showcase, a private library, and a mural titled Civilización y Cultura by José de Guimarães. The station also served as a film location for the 1990 film Total Recall, starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Javier Álvarez named a composition after the station. In 2019, the station had an overall average daily entrance of 43,617 passengers.

Location
Chabacano is a metro transfer station in the Cuauhtémoc borough, in central Mexico City. The Line 2 station lies along Calzada de Tlalpan, the Line 8 station lies below Juan A. Mateos Street, near Calzada de Tlalpan, and the Line 9 station lies below Eje 3 Sur, José Peón Contreras Avenue. Chabacano station serves the colonias (Mexican Spanish for "neighborhoods") of Ampliación Asturias, Obrera, and Vista Alegre. Within the system, it lies between San Antonio Abad and Viaducto stations on Line 2, between Obrera and La Viga stations on Line 8, and between Lázaro Cárdenas and Jamaica stations on Line 9.

Chabacano metro station is serviced by Routes 2-A, 31-B, 33, 111-A, and 145-A of the Red de Transporte de Pasajeros (RTP) system and by Routes 9-C, 9-E, 14-A, 17-C, 17-H, and 17-I of the public bus system.

Exits
There are nine exits:
 * East: Between Juan A. Mateos Street, Calzada Chabacano and San Antonio Abad Avenue, Vista Alegre (Line 2).
 * West: Between Manuel Caballero Street, Antonio Solís Street and San Antonio Abad Avenue, Obrera (Line 2).
 * North: Juan A. Mateos Street and Vicente Beristain Street, Vista Alegre (Line 8).
 * Southeast: Juan A. Mateos Street and Vicente Beristain Street, Vista Alegre (Line 8).
 * Southwest: Juan A. Mateos Street and Vicente Beristain Street, Vista Alegre (Line 8).
 * Northeast: Calzada Chabacano and J. Antonio Torres X Street, Vista Alegre (Line 9).
 * Southeast: Calzada Chabacano and J. Antonio Torres X Street, Vista Alegre (Line 9).
 * Northwest: Calzada Chabacano and Francisco Ayala Street, Ampliación Asturias (Line 9).
 * Southwest: Calzada Chabacano and Francisco Ayala Street, Ampliación Asturias (Line 9).

History and construction
Line 2 of the Mexico City Metro was built by Ingeniería de Sistemas de Transportes Metropolitano, Electrometro and Cometro, the latter a subsidiary of Empresas ICA. Chabacano Line 2 station opened on 1 August 1970, on the first day of the Pino Suárez–Tasqueña service. The station was built at-grade level with a station design similar to those of the other stations in the at-grade section, including an island platform. The Chabacano–San Antonio Abad metro section is 642 m long, while the Chabacano–Viaducto stretch measures 774 m. When the construction of Lines 8 and 9 began, it was decided to rebuild the station to facilitate passenger boarding and deboarding. It was decided to use the system known as the Spanish solution on all its platforms, in which incoming passengers leave the train through the central platform, then commuters waiting in the station board on the opposite side of the train on the side platforms.

Line 8 was built by ICA and its first and only section opened on 20 July 1994, operating from Garibaldi to Constitución de 1917 stations. Chabacano Line 8 station is an underground station; the Chabacano–Obrera tunnel is 1143 m long, while the Chabacano–La Viga section measures 843 m. Line 9 was built by Cometro and its first section was opened on 26 August 1987, operating from Centro Médico towards Pantitlán station. Chabacano Line 9 station is an underground station whose interstation with Lázaro Cárdenas measures 1000 m and the opposite tunnel is 1031 m long. Unlike other transfer stations in the system with an underground-street-level configuration, where a tunnel usually connects them, the transfer passageway for Lines 2 and 9 is elevated because there was no space to make a tunnel between both stations. The bridge crosses several houses and streets and is 200 m long. Commuters that use Line 8 need to use two additional sets of stairs that connect to a tunnel that runs between Francisco Ayala Street and Vicente Beristain Street.

Chabacano metro station has a disabled-accessible service with access ramps, six elevators on Lines 2 and 9 as well as escalators on Line 9 – these were renovated in 2021 due to their obsolescence. The station's pictogram features the silhouette of an apricot in reference to its name, which references a previously existing street that had multiple apricot trees. The use of the word chabacano to refer to the fruit is limited to Mexican Spanish; elsewhere, the word means "tacky" and "vulgar".

Landmarks, cultural events and popular culture
Due to the size of Chabacano metro station, the system allows the exhibition of cultural programs in its lobby. The station has hosted mini-concerts featuring musicians such as Trans-X, Ji-Hae Park or the Orquesta Sinfónica de Yucatán. Inside the station, there is an Internet café, an information desk, a cultural showcase, a private library, and a mural titled Civilización y Cultura (English: "Culture and Civilization") by Portuguese artist José de Guimarães. The mural was created on a ceramic surface of 120 m2 and is divided into two parts. It is located on Line 9 and was inaugurated on 6 November 1996. The mural features elements of the pre-Hispanic cultures of Mesoamerica. According to de Guimarães "two fundamental archetypes have prevailed throughout the centuries [in pre-Hispanic Mexican culture]: the serpent as a symbol of water-life and the jaguar as a symbol of earth-fertility. Without these two important elements for man, history would not take place".

Javier Álvarez, a Mexican composer, named one of his compositions after the metro station. Álvarez first created "Canción de tierra y esperanza" (English: "Song of Earth and Hope"), which he dedicated to his parents for Christmas 1986. In 1990, the metro system allowed Marco Límenes, a Mexican artist, to exhibit his kinetic sculptures in the station. Límenes asked Álvarez to use the composition during the exhibition. Álvarez, instead, recomposed the work and renamed it "Metro Chabacano". He requested the Cuarteto Latinoamericano to play and record it. The composition is a string quartet that has an average tempo of 144 to 146 beats per minute. According to Álvarez, it has "a continuous eight-note movement of moderately driving speed from which short melodic solos emerge for each instrument [...] although the piece is brief and in single movement, the rhythms, accents and melodic fragments that emerge from the perpetual motion background are intricately playful". Jacques Sagot wrote for La Nación that the composition converges with the pace of the station, at first with an "uninterrupted flow of repeated notes" and then with "whistles of the violin [evoking] the braking of the machine, the squeaking of the rubber [with] the arrival of the metro train". The Cuarteto Latinoamericano played the composition live at the inauguration of the exhibition in September 1991 and Álvarez subsequently adopted it as a string orchestra composition.

Scenes from the 1990 film Total Recall were shot at night on location at the station. The film stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and is set in 2084, a time in which humankind has colonized Mars. In one of his scenes on Earth, Douglas Quaid, a secret agent whose memory has been erased, flees from people trying to kill him. Quaid enters a subway station and manages to escape by jumping through the window of an outbound train. Schwarzenegger cut his wrist during the scene because the film crew did not explode the window in time. The crew painted the station walls and a train in cement gray, covered the signage and added monitors in different areas.

By 2020, the station and surrounding area became a popular location for the purchase and sale of used and vintage clothing, particularly on weekends.

Incidents
On 28 December 2010, an elderly passenger who tried to help two others who had dropped items onto the tracks fell onto the tracks himself and was killed by an approaching train on Line 2. On 4 June 2018, a law student was arrested for attempting to make use of the library Benito Juárez located inside the station. The manager denied him access and informed him that its use was limited to metro system personnel. When he was referred to the public prosecutor's office, they refused to charge him as they considered it unjustified to prohibit him from using the facilities in accordance with the City Libraries Code since it was located in a public space. System authorities informed that the library is open to the general public upon registration.

The station was vandalized on 12 September 2020 by feminists for reported cases of harassment and for not being allowed to hawk inside the system stations. After the collapse of a bridge on Line 12, where 26 people died, feminists again vandalized the station and assaulted the Metro staff, who they held responsible for the event. On 1 April 2022, a woman slipped off an escalator and knocked down seven others, all reported with minor injuries.

Ridership
According to the data provided by the authorities since the 2000s, accesses on Line 2 are more frequent than on Lines 8 and 9, which are among the least used stations of the system. In 2019, before the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport, the station's ridership totaled 15,920,404 passengers, which was an increase of 496,341 passengers compared to 2018.

In 2019, for Line 2, the ridership was 10,452,786 passengers (28,637 per day), which was a decrease of 378,369 passengers compared to 2018. For Line 8, the station had a ridership of 1,554,977 passengers (4,260 per day), which was a decrease of 16,068 passengers compared to the previous year. For Line 9, the ridership was 3,912,641 passengers (10,719 per day), which was a decrease of 101,904 passengers compared to 2018. By December 2021, system officials estimated that 83,000 users transited on average through the station.

In the same year, when counted separately, the Line 2 station was the 47th busiest of the system (out of 195 stations) and the line's 9th busiest. The Line 8 station was the 191st busiest in the system and the line's least used. The Line 9 station was the 150th busiest in the system and it was also the line's third-least used.

title: Chabacano metro station


text: User talk:70.179.100.9

title: User talk:70.179.100.9


text:
Category:Yokohama

Yokohama is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

title: Category:Yokohama


text:
Talk:Treaty of Oliva

Friede von Oliva
The Treaty of Oliva, (also known as Peace of Oliwa, German Friede von Oliva, Polish Pokój oliwski) was a treaty by Holy Roman Empire emperor Leopold I, prince-elector Friedrich Wilhelm of Brandenburg-Prussia, Swedens king Karl X Gustav (Charles X of Sweden), and king of Poland John II Casimir of Poland, at Oliva near Danzig ( now Oliwa ,Gdansk in Poland), on April 23, 1660. - It is a pleasure, Piotrus, to notice that you recognize the importance of the fact, that the document depicted, states, that the emperor Leopold I agreed to this treaty. This is in stark contrast to the other submitter, who feels the need to constantly change historical facts by deliberately misstatements and ommissions.

By the way,

Oliwa versus Oliva, google results
But despite the clear use of Oliva in English language publications, Space Cadet keeps changing it to Oliwa. -
 * Treaty of Oliwa 748
 * Peace of Oliwa 1.380
 * Treaty of Oliva 8.240
 * Peace of Oliva 45.500

 * It does appear that Peace of Oliva is the name we should use. Note it would be much easier for everybody, Dear Anon, if you would consider registering and signing your messages, so I could now who (and how many whoms) I am talking to. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 23:17, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Charles X of Sweden did not sign that treaty
King Charles X of Sweden died on February 13, 1660. Yet this article says that he signed the treaty on April 23, 1660. Clearly this needs to be corrected. Who was running Sweden after the king's death? I seem to remember reading that it was precisely the early and unexpected death of the rather warlike Charles X that allowed the peace to be signed at all. Balcer 20:48, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC) - It was agreed on by Charles X, and continued by his son Charles XI. -- (Inserted here, because of constant removal by Molobo, Space Cadet etc)

Treaty of Oliva
The Treaty of Oliva, PAX OLIVENSIS (also known as Peace of Oliva, Swedish Freden i Oliva, Polish Pokój oliwski) was a treaty signed by Holy Roman Empire emperor Leopold I, prince-elector Friedrich Wilhelm of Brandenburg-Prussia, Swedens king Charles X of Sweden, and king of Poland John II Casimir of Poland, at Oliva in Prussia (now Oliwa near Gdansk in Poland), on April 23, 1660. The plaque commemmorating this treaty states: PACIS OLIVIENSIS ANNO MDCLX III MAJI. AD GEDANUM IN PRVSSIA CONCLVSAE MONVMENTVM

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

move. — Nightst a  llion  (?) Seen this already? 06:50, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Requested move
Treaty of Oliwa → Treaty of Oliva – "Treaty of Oliva" (or "Peace of Oliva") is used much more frequently than "... of Oliwa" in English.

Survey

 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with  ~

 * Support as originator. Olessi 17:09, 6 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Support I agree, I have heard more of the Treaty of Oliva with a "v", even if the place today is called differently today. Gryffindor  20:00, 6 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose. We're not going to change all historical names to their Latin counterparts, are we. Also, I'd oppose moving the article on battle of Stalingrad to battle of Сталинград, just because the name was used in locally-made documents at the time.  // Halibutt 23:56, 6 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Support. Use the most common English name for the particular context. The comparison above is frivolous. All English language books say Battle of Stalingrad. Similarly, WW2 books use Battle of Kharkov (compare to more common now Kharkiv). By Halibutt's logic, the name of Polish voivodships even in historic contexts should also be changed. Let's move Kijów Voivodship, Czernihów Voivodship, etc, articles to Kiev and Chernihiv voivodships, respectively. --Irpen 00:43, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Support. Please take a note that Molobo frantically spams the talk pages of all Polish wikipedians, asking them to vote in his favour. Therefore I will not be surprised if the result will turn out to be rigged up. --Ghirla -трёп- 11:10, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. Edwy (talk) 11:22, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Support This appears to be the contemporary name. Septentrionalis 17:32, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Halibutt. --Molobo 17:12, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments

I ran some English-language Google tests with the mirror filter. It is important to keep in mind that when using regular Google, the number of total search hits differs on the first page and the last page. I have put the actual total number of hits (given on the last page) in parentheses. Google Books Google Scholar
 * Treaty of Oliwa: 274 (76)
 * Treaty of Oliva: 1,090 (207)
 * Peace of Oliwa: 126 (47)
 * Peace of Oliva: 693 (166)
 * Treaty of Oliwa: 2
 * Treaty of Oliva: 136 (88)
 * Peace of Oliwa: 5
 * Peace of Oliva: 142 (81)
 * Treaty of Oliwa: 0
 * Treaty of Oliva: 25
 * Peace of Oliwa: 0
 * Peace of Oliva: 14

Columbia uses "Peace of Oliva". Britannica does not seem to have a dedicated article to the treaty. Olessi 17:09, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Date
Can someone confirm the April 23 date? I've also come across May 3. Appleseed (Talk) 18:47, 5 September 2006 (UTC)
 * It's always good to consider what calendar were the dates in, sometimes it's the same day, different dates in different calendars.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 22:13, 5 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Nice catch. That would explain the 10 day difference. Appleseed (Talk) 00:18, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Map
I don't believe it's appropriate for the map to show Polish names for places inhabited at the time by Germans, such as Königsberg and (dare I say it?) Danzig, which at the time were known primarily by their German names. Sca (talk) 19:24, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

Livonia
We have Livonia passing from Poland to Sweden at WP:Truce of Altmark in 1629. So is it accurate for us to say Livonia passed from Poland to Sweden at Oliva? -Chumchum7 (talk) 18:40, 13 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Both articles are correct, it is the 'passing' that is ambiguous:
 * In the early 1600s, Swedish forces started advancing through Livonia, were expelled after Kircholm, but since 1617 renewed their advance and had occupied all of the later Swedish Livonia by 1625/26, so de facto, Livonia had passed to Sweden by then.
 * In Altmark, the PLC accepted the Swedish gain, but did not recognise a permanent cession (Altmark Art. IV: "In Livonia utraque pars, uti nunc possidet, ita possideat, durantibus induciis") . Altmark was prolonged at Stuhmsdorf, but that was not a permanent solution either.
 * In contrast, Oliva is an actual peace treaty backed by the great powers of the time, and in Art. IV after the reference to Altmark/Stuhmsdorf ("Livoniam trans dunanam, quam Suecia hactenus, per tempus induciarum tenuit et possedit") eventually transfers Swedish Livonia to Sweden: "haec [...] Sueciae transferunt".
 * So we have a ('permanent') military possession of Swedish Livonia since 1617-26, then a bilateral, Brandenburg-Prussian-brokered truce temporarily freezing this status in 1629 (prolonged in Stuhmsdorf), and an international treaty guaranteed by the great powers wherein Swedish Livonia is de jure ceded in 1660. Either date thus qualifies as the 'passing' event, depending on one's perspective. Skäpperöd (talk) 21:20, 13 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Treaty of Oliva


text: Category:Danish bishops

title: Category:Danish bishops


text:
Category:Wards of Kyoto

Wards of the city of Kyoto in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.

title: Category:Wards of Kyoto


text:
Shoei

Shoei Co., Ltd (株式会社 Shoei) is a Japanese company specializing in motorsport helmets.

History
Shoei is a Japanese company producing motorcycle helmets since 1958. Its roots go back to 1954 with the founding of Kamata Polyester Co., which mainly produced safety helmets for use in the construction industry.

Shoei's founder, Eitaro Kamata(鎌田栄太郎), was born to a Tokyo family that operated a traditional Japanese restaurant, Edogin, and an inn, 'Kamata Ryokan', near Shimbashi Station. Honda Motor Co. was located in Hamamatsu, and its founder, Soichiro Honda, and test rider Kiyoshi Kawashima were inn regulars as they often had business to attend to in the capital. Thus, Eitaro got acquainted with Mr. Kawashima, who often arrived at the inn on a motorcycle, and admired Mr. Kawashima's style with a painted helmet. Eitaro left the family business and started up a helmet factory; in 1960, Shoei's Tokyo factory to produce the first motorcycle helmets to meet the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS).

When inquired about the origins of the name, a Shoei representative replied: "Shoei is not an actual word and does not mean anything. In Japan the passage of time is marked in dynasties which are the lifetime of an emperor. When Shoei was started in 1959 they were in the Showa dynasty, so its first character (昭 -sho) was combined with the first character of the founder's first name Eitaro (栄太郎) and resulted in the brand name, Shoei(昭栄)."

In 1965, Honda Motor Co. selected Shoei's helmets as their 'genuine' helmets as a part of Honda Parts and Accessories line of products, increasing their popularity and, ultimately, availability. This initiated a global expansion of the Shoei brand: the Shoei Safety Helmet Corporation was established in the U.S. in 1968 (shortly after construction of the Ibaraki factory; the current Iwate factory was built in 1989), quickly followed by other dependencies in France (Shoei Europe Distribution s.a.r.l., 1987), Germany (Shoei Europa Gmbh, 1994), Italy (Shoei Italia s.r.l., 2011) and Thailand (Shoei Asia Co., Ltd., 2019).

Despite their success and market share, Shoei remains a relatively small company, with a workforce of under 800 people worldwide.

Helmets
Shoei provides helmets for numerous MotoGP riders. In the MotoGP class Marc Márquez with eight Grand Prix World Championships, Álex Márquez (the younger brother of Marc Márquez), Andrea Dovizioso and Fabio Di Giannantonio. In Moto2, Thomas Lüthi, Jake Dixon and Hafizh Syahrin. In Moto3, Yuki Kunii and Deniz Öncü.

Since the foundation of the company, all Shoei helmets have been designed and manufactured in Japan, although they are distributed and sold globally.

Shoei was one of the first helmet manufacturers to introduce lightweight carbon-fibre helmets in the mid-1970s.

Shoei's GRV helmet was the first helmet to use carbon fiber and Kevlar. Shoei also created the first coverless shield system and the Dual Liner Ventilation system. The flagship X-Spirit was introduced in 2003 and was promoted by Shoei as the most advanced helmet in the world, winning MCN's Product of the Year 2003 award in the clothing category. It was followed by further development and the introduction of the RF-1000 (sold as the XR-1000 in Europe) in 2004, and the later introduction of the X-Eleven. These helmets paved the way for the current RF-1200 and X-14 models. In September 2010 the QWEST was released, the successor of the RAID II, a top-of-the-line sport touring helmet.

The NXR2 helmet is the company's first to meet the (new in 2021) ECE 22-06 standard. This standard, established by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, is the first update of its helmet safety standards since 2005.

Financial effects of the Great East Japan earthquake
Shoei was a victim of the earthquake that struck Japan in 2011. Two factories named Iwate and Ibaraki were damaged and had to be (partially) restored. Its costs calculated on an accrual basis were estimated at around 63 million yen.

title: Shoei


text:
User talk:Gt

Hi, leave me a message...

Nadstat
Hi, Gt! Of course, you are more than welcome to contact those editors who you think can help you, me included. This is what Wikipedia is all about—mutual help and cooperation.

I took a look at the Nadsat article, and noticed that it's been quite popular today—quite a few changes have already been made since you added the main bulk. I went through the table and made some corrections as well; mostly added/corrected transliteration when it did not match the actual word used in the book, and corrected some Russian words as well. There are still several words, presumably of Russian origin, left, but those I was unable to crack—they could be either derivatives from obscure Russian slang, or invented altogether. Anyway, hopefully the article is in a bit better shape now.

Please feel free to contact me any time for any reason. I may not always have time to help out, but I will definitely try to do my best. Take care, and welcome to Wikipedia! Oh, and thanks for providing me with an incentive to re-read A Clockwork Orange! It's been over ten years since I read it, and it was a Russian translation. I wonder what my perception of the original is going to be.—Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 19:13, Mar 24, 2005 (UTC)

Football AID 19 February - 25 February
Thank you for participating in the Football AID vote this week. Football (soccer) has been selected as this week's collaboration. Please do help in working to improve it.

title: User talk:Gt


text:
Chester R. Bender

Chester R. Bender (March 14, 1914 – July 20, 1996) served as the fourteenth Commandant of the United States Coast Guard from 1970 to 1974. He also served as Superintendent of the United States Coast Guard Academy from 1965 to 1967.

Early life and education
Bender was born in Burnsville, West Virginia, on March 14, 1914, and later moved with his parents John I. Bender and Inez Harbert Bender, to Plant City, Florida in 1925. In 1932, he was appointed as a cadet at the United States Coast Guard Academy at New London, Connecticut. During his time at the academy, he served two years on the boxing squad and as humor editor of Tide Rips, the academy yearbook. He served as gun captain during his senior year. He graduated from the academy on June 8, 1936 and received a bachelor of science degree and a commission as a Coast Guard ensign. He was the first Floridian to graduate from the academy.

Early assignments
Upon graduation from the academy, Bender's initial assignment was as a line officer aboard Coast Guard cutters Mendota and USCGC Bibb (WPG-31), on patrol in the Atlantic Ocean. In 1938, he was transferred to USCGC Ossipee (WPR-50), on duty in the Great Lakes region. During this tour of duty, he met and married Annamarie Ransom of Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan on September 1, 1939. Their marriage lasted until her death in 1992. They had one son, Mark A. Bender. That same year, he was selected for flight training and reported for duty at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. A year later, he earned his aviator wings and was assigned to Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City.

World War II
During World War II, he flew anti-submarine patrols out of Elizabeth City, North Carolina. From June 1943 to December 1944, he commanded an air-rescue squadron based out of San Diego, California. During the last few months of the war, he served as air-sea rescue advisor and liaison officer for the Far East Air Force Headquarters, in the Philippines, earning the Bronze Star for his service.

Mid-career assignments
In December 1945, he was assigned to U.S. Coast Guard headquarters, as the executive officer of the Air-Sea Rescue Agency. From 1946 to 1950, he served as personal aide and pilot to U.S. Coast Guard Commandant Joseph F. Farley. In 1950, Bender was transferred to Coast Guard Air Station St. Petersburg, Florida, where he served as executive officer. In 1953 he assumed command of the Coast Guard Air Station Traverse City, Michigan. In 1955, he returned to Coast Guard headquarters, assuming command of the War Plans Division. Three years later in 1958, he was promoted to captain and given command of the Coast Guard Air Station Barbers Point, Hawaii.

In 1959, after two decades of aviation duty, he assumed command of USCGC Bering Strait (WAVP-382), based in Honolulu, Hawaii. From 1961 to 1964, he served as mobilization and readiness officer for the San Francisco, California-based Western Area Command. On July 1, 1964 Bender was promoted to the rank of rear admiral and assumed command of the Cleveland, Ohio-based Ninth Coast Guard District. From 1965 to 1967, he served as superintendent of the United States Coast Guard Academy. During his tenure, he established the U.S. Coast Guard Museum in order to preserve and display artifacts from early Coast Guard history. From 1967 to 1970, he served as commander of the San Francisco-based Twelfth Coast Guard District, where he was responsible for most Coast Guard operations in the Pacific Ocean, Northern California, and most of Nevada and Utah.

Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard
On April 16, 1970, Bender was nominated by U.S. President Richard Nixon to replace Admiral Willard J. Smith as commandant. Following Senate confirmation, he took office on June 1, 1970. During his tenure, he implemented the distinctive "Bender Blues" uniforms, designed to distinguish the U.S. Coast Guard from the U.S. Navy. In 1972, he was awarded the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. As commandant, Bender was known for his support of environmental protection and was recognized for his management of the U.S. Coast Guard's programs relating to new environmental responsibilities. In 1973, he served as delegate and alternate chairman of the American delegation to the Marine Pollution Conference of the International Maritime Organization in 1973.

Later life and death
Following his retirement from the U.S. Coast Guard in 1974, Bender moved to Moraga, California. He died there on July 20, 1996 after a long illness and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Awards
In addition to the Bronze Star Medal, Bender's World War II campaign medals include the America Area, American Defense, Asiatic-Pacific with two bronze stars, Philippine Liberation with two bronze stars, Philippine Presidential Unit citation, World War II Victory Medal, National Defense Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Service Medal (two awards).

title: Chester R. Bender


text:
Talk:Prussian Homage

1525 Prussian Tribute -Krakow Agreement
Both peace agreements, the 1466 Second Treaty of Thorn and the 1525 Krakow Kuhhandel (cow trade) between Albrecht of Brandenburg-Prussia and his uncle Sigismund I were unauthorized and not recognized by either the popes nore the emperors, the supreme overlords.

"Kuhhandel"??? This is another ridiculous euphemism to mask the fact that Teutonic Order was smashed to pieces. Albrech Hohenzzolern tried to ally with Muscovy, but run out of funds and the whole country was overrun by Polish armies. Teutonic cities were opening gates and welcomed invaders as they were fed up with the high taxing imposed by the Order. They also wanted to trade with Poland. At the end Polish hetman, Mikolaj Firlej, besieged Albrecht Hohenzollern in Konignsberg in 1521 and both the emperor and the pope had to beg Sigismund I of Poland to spare Albrecht. But the Polish gentry pressed on and half of the Order's land was directly incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland (along with Danzig) so that Polish nobility could easily ship grain to England, France and the Netherlands, while the other half simply became a fief to the Kingdom of Poland. It also became a secular, protestant dependecy - because Sigismund and the Polish parliment could not give more than a stinking rat about pope's and emperor's wishes. Because he received reinforcements from the catholic emperor in 1519, Albrecht knew the only way to save his position was to became lutheran. This was then accepted by Sigismund and the Polish senate, and so in 1525 Prussian Homage took place. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.10.7.32 (talk) 18:05, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

were unauthorized and not recognized by either the popes nore the emperors, the supreme overlords Supreme overlords ? This is bizarre. Neither the Pope or Holy Roman Emperor had any real significance to Poland. --Molobo 07:43, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Requested move
The new name is the one used by Norman Davies in God's Playground, the definitive English language history of Poland. The new name also returns about double the Google results of the former. (Both names are used, but the new one is more common.)

 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one sentence explanation, then sign your vote with ~

 * Support. Appleseed 04:31, 18 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Reasoning seems good enough for me.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 14:48, 18 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Olessi 19:48, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

The move has been completed per Requested moves and this discussion. —Cleared as filed. 11:40, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Prussian Homage


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Scrawnbeats

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 14:28, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Scrawnbeats
Non-notable expression. Zero Google hits, zero usenet hits. Delete. JoaoRicardo 04:20, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete neologism, vanity. CDC   (talk)  07:00, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Longhair 13:31, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. —Korath (Talk) 06:09, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Crurotarsi

Crurotarsi is a clade of archosauriform reptiles that includes crocodilians and stem-crocodilians and possibly bird-line archosaurs too if the extinct, crocodile-like phytosaurs are more distantly related to crocodiles than traditionally thought. Prior to 2011, the group had invariably included only archosaurs closer to crocodilians than to birds and other dinosaurs. An equivalent term for the crocodilian side of the archosaur family tree is Pseudosuchia. This traditional definition of Crurotarsi assumed that phytosaurs were crown-group archosaurs and more closely related to crocodilians than to birds. However, a 2011 study argued that the phytosaur lineage evolved prior to the split between birds and crocodilians. This would mean that phytosaurs were not true archosaurs, and therefore could not be considered representatives of croc-line archosaurs.

The name Crurotarsi is derived from the Latin word crus (lower leg) and the Greek word tarsos (ankle). It refers to the specialized articulation (a crurotarsal joint) between the lower leg (specifically the fibula) and the ankle (specifically the calcaneum) which is present in the skeletons of reptiles such as suchians and phytosaurs. In their ankle joint, a hemicylindrical condyle on the calcaneum articulates into a concave area on the fibula.

Taxonomic history
The name Crurotarsi was erected as a node-based clade by Paul Sereno and A. B. Arcucci in 1990 to supplant the old term Pseudosuchia, but with a different definition. Crurotarsi includes, by most published definitions, all descendants of the common ancestor of modern crocodiles, ornithosuchids, aetosaurs, and phytosaurs; Nesbitt (2011) provided a shorter definition, defining Crurotarsi as "the least inclusive clade containing Rutiodon carolinensis Emmons, 1856, and Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768". According to two studies published in 2011 by Nesbitt and coworkers, using either of these definitions leads to the inclusion of all other true archosaurs in Crurotarsi, due to the possibly basal phylogenetic position of the phytosaurs. This means that grouping the phytosaurs and crocodilians into a clade while excluding the avemetatarsalians (pterosaurs, dinosaurs, and birds) would result in a paraphyletic grouping. A more definitive group is Pseudosuchia, which is defined as all archosaurs closer to crocodiles than to birds (matching the traditional content of Crurotarsi).

Phylogeny
Paul Sereno and A. B. Arcucci named Crurotarsi in 1990, defining it as "Parasuchia [phytosaurs], Ornithosuchidae, Prestosuchus, Suchia, and all descendants of their common ancestor". The groups in this definition were considered crocodile-line archosaurs, as opposed to the bird-line archosaurs. Ornithosuchids were once considered bird-line archosaurs (as implied by their name, which means "bird crocodiles" in Greek), but were later recognized as crocodile-line archosaurs. This reclassification may have inspired Sereno's Crurotarsi, a node-based clade defined by the inclusion of ornithosuchids and other early archosaurs.

Two names were proposed for crocodile-line archosaurs before Crurotarsi was erected. The first, Pseudosuchia, was established as a stem-based clade in 1985. It includes crocodiles and all archosaurs more closely related to crocodiles than to birds. The second, Crocodylotarsi, was named in 1988, possibly as a replacement for Pseudosuchia. The name Pseudosuchia, meaning "false crocodiles", has been used for over a century, and traditionally included aetosaurs. As a clade, Pseudosuchia includes the group Eusuchia, or "true crocodiles". Crocodylotarsi may have been named to remove confusion, but as a stem-based clade it is synonymous with Pseudosuchia. Because Pseudosuchia was named first, it has precedence. Crurotarsi traditionally contains the same archosaurs as Pseudosuchia, but as a node-based clade it is not synonymous.

Below is a cladogram after Nesbitt & Norell (2006) and Nesbitt (2007) with Crurotarsi in its traditional sense encompassing just crocodile-line archosaurs:

Cladogram after Brusatte, Benton, Desojo and Langer (2010):

In 2011, Sterling J. Nesbitt found phytosaurs to be the sister taxon of Archosauria, and therefore not crocodile-line archosaurs. Because phytosaurs are included in the definition of Crurotarsi, this change in their phylogenetic placement expanded the scope of Crurotarsi, which therefore now includes phytosaurs, crocodiles, pterosaurs and dinosaurs. However, Pseudosuchia still contains only crocodile-line archosaurs.

Below is a cladogram modified from Nesbitt (2011) showing the new changes:

title: Crurotarsi