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Joel Stein

Joel Stein (born July 23, 1971) is an American journalist who wrote for the Los Angeles Times. He wrote a column and occasional articles for Time for 19 years until 2017.

Early life
Stein grew up in Edison, New Jersey, the son of a salesman. He is Jewish. Stein attended J.P. Stevens High School, where he was a writer and entertainment editor for Hawkeye, the student newspaper. He majored in English at Stanford University and wrote a weekly column for the school's student newspaper, The Stanford Daily. He graduated in 1993 with a BA and an MA and moved to New York City, and then to Los Angeles in 2005.

Career
Stein's career began as a writer and researcher for Martha Stewart Living. He worked a year for Stewart and later quipped that she had fired him twice in the same day. Stein did fact-checking at various publications before becoming a sports editor and columnist for Time Out New York, where he stayed for two years. While working at Time Out New York, he was a contestant on MTV's short-lived game show Idiot Savants. Stein joined Time in August 1997 and his last column for the magazine appeared on November 16, 2017. In signing off, he began, "Since my first column, 19 years ago, readers and co-workers have clamored to have me fired." He concluded, "There are times when society needs a punk who doesn’t care. There are far fewer times when society needs a 46-year-old punk who doesn’t care. I’ve always been guilty of hanging on too long out of fear of graduating college, ending relationships and transitioning from democracy to authoritarianism. I look forward to a future columnist who makes me laugh about that."

Stein sometimes appears as a commentator on television programs such as I Love the '80s. He also co-produced three TV pilots: an animated series for VH1 and two for ABC. The animated show, titled Hey Joel, aired in Canada and later in South Africa, while the other two were never picked up. He was a writer and producer for the sitcom Crumbs.

Stein taught a class on humor writing at Princeton University before moving to Los Angeles in early 2005 to write for the Los Angeles Times. In 2012, he published a book, Man Made: A Stupid Quest for Masculinity (ISBN 978-0446573122).

Notable columns
On January 24, 2006, the Los Angeles Times published an anti-war and anti-military column by Stein under the headline "Warriors and Wusses" in which he wrote that it is a cop-out to oppose a war and yet claim to support the soldiers fighting it. "I don't support our troops. ... When you volunteer for the U.S. military, you pretty much know you're not going to be fending off invasions from Mexico and Canada. So you're willingly signing up to be a fighting tool of American imperialism ...". He prefaced his argument by stating that he does not support the troops in Iraq despite supporting the troops being "a position that even Calvin is unwilling to urinate on." Stein states he did three interviews about the column on the Hugh Hewitt radio show, with Tony Snow, and with a "liberal" in Oregon. Mark Steyn wrote in a New York Sun opinion piece that Stein was to be congratulated for the consistency of his position: "Stein is a hawkish chicken, disdaining the weasel formulation too many anti-war folks take refuge in." Warrant Officer Michael D. Fay wrote in The New York Times that Stein's comments made him feel "sad because they're so mistaken, sad because their voices are granted a modicum of credence in the public forum, and sad because they leave me feeling a little less at home."

In 2008, Stein wrote an article for the Los Angeles Times titled "Who runs Hollywood? C'mon", which mocked the canard of Jews controlling Hollywood by feigning outrage over declining acceptance of the stereotype.

In July 2010, Stein wrote a humor column for Time in which he expressed his discomfort at the impact immigration of Indians has had on his hometown of Edison, New Jersey. Stein initially took to Twitter to defend himself with a tweet saying "Didn't meant to insult Indians with my column this week. Also stupidly assumed their emails would follow that Gandhi non-violence thing." Time and Stein subsequently publicly apologized for the article. Stein's apology read: "I truly feel stomach-sick that I hurt so many people. I was trying to explain how, as someone who believes that immigration has enriched American life and my hometown in particular, I was shocked that I could feel a tiny bit uncomfortable with my changing town when I went to visit it. If we could understand that reaction, we'd be better equipped to debate people on the other side of the immigration issue." United States Senator from New Jersey Bob Menendez submitted a letter to Time stating that the column "not only fell terribly flat but crossed the lines of offensiveness toward a particular community that has dealt with violent hate crimes in the past. Mr. Stein's mocking allusions to revered deities in the Hindu religion are particularly reprehensible." Kal Penn, actor and former associate director in the White House Office of Public Engagement, also criticized the column for its portrayal of Indian Americans.

Slate magazine writer Tom Scocca wrote of the column, "To a charitable reader, it's clear that the piece was trying not to be offensive. Stein's description of his childhood small-town idyll before the mass immigration is deliberately fake-sentimental, describing lowlife white kids stealing things and getting drunk. He was trying to make more fun of white people than he made of Indian people." Nonetheless, Scocca wrote, many Indian-Americans received the column "as an unironic anti-immigrant rant."

In May 2013, Stein penned a Time cover story titled "The Me Me Me Generation" about the narcissistic and immature tendencies of millennials, but how they will also "save us all." The New Republic, The Atlantic, New York, and The Nation, criticized Stein for selective use of evidence, for making sweeping generalizations about the behavior of millennials, and for repeating claims that prior generations had made about the young people in their times.

Assessments
"I think he’s got the quirkiest sense of humor I see today," Walter Isaacson, the chairman and CEO of CNN News Group told  Stanford Magazine. "Joel's honed that self-effacing self-indulgence to a great art form."

"Stein can occasionally be funny," wrote Variety TV columnist Brian Lowry when Stein was writing his column for the Los Angeles Times. "But what really bothers me about his work is that none of the ideas seem to have the weight to sustain a column. They're more like random musings str-et-ch-ed to column length ... Somehow, every column keeps cycling back to Stein's favorite subject—Joel Stein, and finding employment opportunities for Joel Stein."

Stein "is not funny," wrote Tom Scocca in Slate, arguing that his "lack of funniness is the key to understanding any phenomenon involving Joel Stein. He is a bad and incompetent humor writer, a writer who lacks the basic ability to control his tone and persona. I know no one under 50 who does not hate him because of this." Scocca concluded, "Joel Stein is a soft writer in a soft gig, dressed up in an older generation's clothing, with an expired comic license in his pocket."

"In a magazine whose regular essayists include such deep thinkers as Charles Krauthammer, Margaret Carlson and Roger Rosenblatt, Stein's column is decidedly lightweight," wrote the Stanford alumni magazine in fall 2001. "No one would call Stein's commentary sophisticated." Stein acknowledged, "My whole goal is to use Time magazine to make important people do stupid things."

In an online column for Vanity Fair, Juli Weiner characterized Stein as a "forgettable I Love the '80s participant and Time magazine humor (?) columnist."

"I don't think I am a real journalist," Stein told Alex Kuczynski for The New York Times in 2000. "I feel like I am, well, whatever we all are now: I am a celebrity journalist." Kuczynski wrote that Stein's columns were marked by "bawdy humor, tasteless one-liners and something that can best be described as a sort of polished vulgarity."

Depictions in popular culture
In 2000, The Onion spoofed Stein's persona in a satire whose headline was "Cocktail-Party Guest Cornered by Joel Stein."

In 2014, Stein played himself on an episode of The Neighbors along with Lawrence O'Donnell and Bill Nye.

title: Joel Stein


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Asper

Asper or ASPER may refer to:

Coins

 * Akçe, an Ottoman silver coin, similar to the aspron, known as asper or aspre in Europe
 * Aspron, from Latin asper a type of late Byzantine silver or billon coins

Education

 * Asper School of Business, part of the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Canada
 * Australian School of Petroleum and Energy Resources (ASPER), in Adelaide, South Australia

Places

 * Asper, Belgium, a Belgian village belonging to the municipality of Gavere
 * Asper, Missouri, a ghost town in the US

Other uses

 * Asper (') breathing mark in romanization of Greek
 * Asper (surname)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Asper


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Young Avengers

The Young Avengers are the names of two superhero teams appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Allan Heinberg and Jim Cheung, the first team appeared in Young Avengers #1 (April 2005). The Young Avengers team features numerous adolescent characters who typically have connections to established members of Marvel's primary superhero team, the Avengers.

Young Avengers follows the events of the 2004–2005 "Avengers Disassembled" storyline. The four founding members of the team are gathered as a result of the Vision's plan for the reformation of the Avengers in the event the team disbanded. In the series, newspapers refer to the young heroes as "super-powered fanboys" and label them the "Young Avengers", a name the team members initially dislike but that sticks nonetheless.

Publication history
The first team appeared in Young Avengers #1 (April 2005), created by Allan Heinberg and Jim Cheung. Marvel's 1940s forerunner, Timely Comics, had an unrelated character, Young Avenger, who debuted in USA Comics #1 (August 1941).

The Young Avengers were originally featured in several notable Marvel crossover series, including the Civil War and The Children's Crusade events, before the series was relaunched in January 2013 as part of the Marvel NOW! rebranding by writer Kieron Gillen and artist Jamie McKelvie.

In 2019, Rio de Janeiro mayor Marcelo Crivella ordered Avengers: Children's Crusade to be censored as various instances of homosexuality such as the relationship between Hulkling and Wiccan were displayed. Crivella said the content was "improper for children". Writer Kieron Gillen was disappointed about the changes. The organizers of the Bienal do Livro book fair, where the comic was being sold, repudiated the mayor's decision and decided not to remove the book from sales. On September 6, Avengers: Children's Crusade sold out at the event.

Volume 1
In "Sidekicks" (issues #1–6), reporters Jessica Jones (a former teen superhero known as Jewel) and Kat Farrell of The Daily Bugle and heroes Captain America and Iron Man investigate a new group of teenage heroes. The story is set in the time between the "Avengers Disassembled" storyline and the beginning of New Avengers. Although the team defeats Kang the Conqueror, Captain America and Iron Man take away their gear and refuse to train the team without their parents' consent. Despite the heroes' warnings, the team continues with a new headquarters, new costumes, and new names.

In "Secret Identities" (issues #7–8), the Young Avengers must decide how much to tell their parents after the members decide to continue acting publicly. None of their parents find out. During a fight with Mr. Hyde in Young Avengers #8, Wiccan discovers Eli abusing Mutant growth hormone (MGH) which gives people powers for short periods. Eli confesses that he deceived Iron Lad who meant to recruit his missing uncle Josiah in order to join the team. He quits the team, overwhelmed with emotion.

At the insistence of Kat Farrell, Jessica Jones interviews the Young Avengers about their pasts. Cassie Lang had a troubled home life, especially after her father Ant-Man died. She and her mother constantly fought, and she hated her mother's boyfriend. Had the Young Avengers not formed, Cassie planned to join the Runaways. Teddy Altman abused his shapeshifting powers to spend time with a more popular kid. He realized that he had gone too far when his "friend" tried to force him to steal artifacts from the destroyed Avengers Mansion. Billy Kaplan had a problem with being accepted because of his sexuality. He was tormented and physically abused. He met the Scarlet Witch, who explained that being different is not bad. He eventually stands up to his tormentor for another kid. He nearly kills him when his powers become dominant. Kate Bishop was brutally assaulted in a park. Eli Bradley used MGH because he felt powerless against some thugs and wanted to prove that his grandfather truly was the black Captain America.

K'Lrt the Super-Skrull tries to take Teddy to the Skrull homeworld. K'Lrt reveals that Mrs. Altman is not Teddy's mother and kills her. In the aftermath, K'Lrt kidnaps Teddy. The Vision offers to locate more Young Avengers using his prior incarnation's contingency plan. The Young Avengers break Thomas Shepherd out of a superhuman prison and recruit him. Tommy can move at superhuman speed and accelerate matter, destabilizing it enough to cause an explosion. The Super-Skrull tells Teddy of his true origin as the son of the Kree hero Captain Marvel and the Skrull princess Anelle. He then claims that Tommy and Billy are the Scarlet Witch and Vision's lost twin sons. Billy believes him, but Tommy does not. Kree and Skrull combat forces arrive and fight each other and the Young Avengers until Teddy, realizing his importance to both sides, calls for a ceasefire. The Avengers intervene and a Kree warrior fires at Captain America. Patriot intervenes and is gravely wounded. Hulkling and K'Lrt end the fighting by secretly shapeshifting into each other's forms. Captain America and K'Lrt, disguised as Hulkling, broker a shared custody between the races.

At a hospital, Eli's grandfather donates his blood to Eli. Captain America again tells the Young Avengers to stop what they are doing. Kate blames their trouble on the Avengers for not training them. The Young Avengers repair the statues of fallen Avengers at Avengers Mansion. Eli now has superpowers as a result of the blood transfusion. Kate receives Hawkeye's bow and quiver from Captain America, and she takes the mantle of Hawkeye. Tommy arrives in costume and calls himself Speed.

"Civil War"
In Civil War #2, the members of Young Avengers are captured by S.H.I.E.L.D. for not complying with the registration act. Captain America and the Falcon help them escape, freeing Wiccan, allowing him to teleport the group to a base only known to Nick Fury and a few resistance fighters. Once in Captain America's secret base, the Young Avengers join the resistance movement called Secret Avengers. The Young Avengers joins the fight against Iron Man and the pro-registration heroes. Stature leaves the resistance after Goliath is killed by a clone of Thor and the Secret Avengers are forced to retreat from battle leaving Wiccan behind. However, shortly afterwards Stature registers and begins superhero training. The remainder of the team remained with Captain America. Stature is seen alongside Iron Man and the rest of the "pro-reg" group during the final battle between registered and rebel heroes. Deadpool is commissioned as a "hero hunter" in the war and frequently remarks how he'd like to capture "those nubile Young Avengers".

With the surrender of Captain America, the rest of the Young Avengers are granted amnesty in exchange for registration. All the members except Hawkeye, Patriot and Speed registered, and began training at Camp Hammond. In the last issue of the Fallen Son crossover, when the funeral of Captain America takes place at Washington D.C., all of the Young Avengers are seen, wearing their Super Hero outfits, and are even mentioned by name by the Falcon, while delivering the ceremonial speech. This suggests another amnesty was offered to Hawkeye, Patriot and Speed, who had stayed in the resistance after the end of the Civil War, alongside the New Avengers.

In She-Hulk #21, it was revealed that the Hulking and Wiccan that joined the Initiative were actually a pair of interdimensional travelers known as "Alphas" whereas the actual Hulkling and Wiccan were shocked at the discovery that they had registered. Hawkeye, Patriot, and Speed, remain unregistered.

"Young Avengers Presents"
In the 2008 miniseries Young Avengers Presents, Patriot discovers that Bucky had visited his grandfather Isaiah Bradley. After tracking him down, Patriot shares his concerns losing faith in the country. Bucky explains to Eli that America is an idea used for good or ill, but one with value to it and something worth defending against all threat, inspiring the younger hero once more. Hulkling meets Mar-Vell, telling him that he is his son, much to Mar-Vell's shock. While Captain Mar-Vell is proud of his son, he confesses that he will not be able to stay forever, as the survival of the time stream depends on him eventually returning to the past and dying from cancer. This Captain Marvel eventually turned out to be a Skrull sleeper agent in place for the "Secret Invasion". Wiccan and Speed begin searching for the Scarlet Witch, whom they believe to be their mother. Upon searching the former home of the Scarlet Witch and Vision in Leonia, NJ; they encounter Master Pandemonium, who advises them to end their search and embrace their present lives. Vision tells Cassie that after "Civil War", he traveled around the world posing as different people, living many different lives, ultimately culminating in a better understanding of who he is. He asserts that he is his own person, not the memories of Iron Lad, confessing his love to Cassie, and states that he wishes to now be called Jonas. Cassie demonstrates that she is unsure but is willing to reciprocate his feelings. During the story, Cassie is also stricken with guilt after accidentally injuring her stepfather while stopping a villain, forcing her to come to terms with the responsibilities that come with her powers and with being part of the Young Avengers and the Initiative, much as her stepfather also understands the risks of life as a policeman. Hawkeye feels uncomfortable about her growing relationship with Patriot, and encounters Clint Barton, the original Hawkeye, who helps her reaffirm her position as Hawkeye and Young Avengers co-leader.

"Secret Invasion"
In the 2008 miniseries Secret Invasion: Runaways/Young Avengers, the Young Avengers again teamed with the Runaways in a Secret Invasion tie-in. The Young Avengers are the first to respond to the Skrull invasion in Manhattan, New York. They are quickly defeated, though Xavin manages to rescue Hulkling. The leaders of the Skrull invasion intend to assassinate Hulking, for fear that his identity as Dorrek VIII would diminish their authority. During the confrontation between the Young Avengers, Runaways, and the invading Skrulls, Xavin is forced to confront her former mentor, Commander Chrell, reluctantly killing him to save the Young Avengers and Runaways.

"Dark Reign"
The 2009 Dark Reign: Young Avengers limited series written by Paul Cornell, and Mark Brooks, introduced a new group consist of Enchantress, Executioner, Coat of Arms, Egghead, Big Zero and team leader Melter, who are powered teens calling themselves the Young Avengers. After Secret Invasion, all the Young Avengers remained under low profile during Norman Osborn's Dark Reign, who sent this version of Young Avengers and send them to battle only to fall against the original Young Avengers. They join forces with the genuine Young Avengers to battle Norman Osborn's Dark Avengers.

"Siege"
In the "Siege" storyline, following the attack of Asgard, Steve Rogers calls on the Young Avengers to aid in the help of Asgard against Norman Osborn's Dark Avengers and Initiative. Stature and Vision aid Amadeus Cho and U.S. Agent in stopping the Thunderbolts from stealing Odin's spear for Norman Osborn. With Patriot and Hawkeye entombed under the ruins of Asgard, Speed anxiously ferries a number of wounded Asgardians to safety, looking for his teammates. Wiccan and Hulkling take on and defeat the Wrecking Crew, who were looting the ruins of the Throne Room. Wiccan strikes the villains down with lightning bolts, much to Hulkling's wonder and worry.

Avengers: The Children's Crusade
The Young Avengers appear in the 2010–2012 miniseries, Avengers: The Children's Crusade, written by Allan Heinberg and illustrated by Jim Cheung. In the series, Magneto learned that the Young Avengers were going to search for the still missing Scarlet Witch, and that Wiccan and Speed may be the reincarnations of Wanda's children. Magneto meets them, stating that he wants Wiccan and Speed to finally know him as their grandfather, and helps them find Wanda.

The Avengers attempt to stop Magneto and fight him unsuccessfully, before Wiccan teleports Magneto and the Young Avengers to Wundagore Mountain. There they encounter Quicksilver, who attempts to kill his father. However, they discover that this Scarlet Witch is actually a Doombot in disguise, prompting the Young Avengers and Magneto to journey to Latveria, with the Avengers, Quicksilver and Wonder Man following behind them.

Wiccan eventually finds the real Wanda, apparently devoid of her powers, amnesiac and engaged to be married to Doctor Doom. Wolverine tries to kill Wanda, but is prevented from doing so by the reappearance of Iron Lad. Doom also states that Wanda is depowered. Iron Lad and the Young Avengers escape with Wanda into the timestream and land in the past when the resurrected Jack of Hearts destroys the Avengers Mansion. The team escapes the explosion and involuntarily returns to the present due to Wanda, who has remembered everything. As an unexpected side effect, the life of Scott Lang is also saved.

When the group returns to the present, Scarlet Witch is shown in a depression where she thinks that she killed her father, her brother, and the Avengers. She vows to kill herself with Kree ships and Ultron clones which Hawkeye and the Young Avengers destroy. During that time, Beast and Jessica Jones arrive, where Beast learns that the Scarlet Witch that he encountered was actually a Doombot. Wiccan tells her that her father, her brother, and "her sons" are still alive. Billy finally gets the happy Mother-and-Child Reunion that he had been dreaming of. Beast asks Wanda if she can reverse the "No more mutants" spell. She is unsure a reverse spell would work. They meet up with X-Factor Investigations, which has many clients who are depowered mutants. Rictor volunteers and has his powers restored. The X-Men show up and Wanda tells X-Factor Investigations that if the X-Men want more mutants then that's exactly what she will give them.

However, a battle ensues between the X-Men and the Avengers over what to do with Wanda, forcing her and the Young Avengers to flee back to Doctor Doom. It is revealed that Wanda's enhanced powers were a result of her and Doom's combined attempt to channel the Life Force in order to resurrect her children, but it proved to be too much for Wanda to contain and overtook her. With Wiccan and Doom's help, they seek to use the entity possessing Wanda to restore mutantkind's powers but they are stopped by Patriot (who is concerned at the fall-out that would ensue if the powerless mutants are suddenly repowered), only to find out that the entity was transferred to Doom's body, giving him Wanda's god-like powers. His scars finally healed, he calls himself "Victor", discards his now useless mask, and promises to take care of everything. Doom becomes omnipotent with powers surpassing those of beings as Beyonder or the Cosmic Cube; he offers to use these powers to fix the Avengers' and X-Men's problems and bring their deceased friends back to life, but both teams refuse the offer. The Young Avengers confront him, aided by the Avengers, the X-Men and X-Factor; Wanda and Wiccan manage to remove Doom's newfound powers, and he claims that he was responsible for the Scarlet Witch's doings during the "Avengers Disassembled" and "House of M" events (later established to have been lying on Wanda's behalf, and the Scarlet Witch to have been solely responsible). During the confrontation Stature attacks Doom, who responds by blasting her with a wave of energy. After Wanda and Wiccan successfully remove the powers from Doom he escapes. The last panel of issue 8 ends with the heroes surrounding Stature's stricken form.

Following the battle with Doom, Stature is revealed to have died from her injuries. Iron Lad offers to save Stature by taking her into the timestream. Vision objects to this, making Iron Lad enraged with him. Iron Lad attacks him, resulting in Vision's destruction. Iron Lad then prepared to jump into the timestream to go back and save Stature, with Wiccan warning him that this is the moment he becomes Kang the Conqueror, but Iron Lad is not deterred. With the battles over, all that was left was to determine the fate of the Scarlet Witch. Cyclops agrees to leave the Scarlet Witch alone, but states that he will kill Wanda if she turns against the heroes again. Rejecting the offer to rejoin the Avengers or her family, Wanda departs stating that after years of defining herself as Magneto's daughter, Pietro's sister, or the Vision's wife, she wants to find out who she is on her own before she decides what to do with her life. Later the Young Avengers decide to disband, much to the disapproval of Speed. Months pass by with the events of Spider-Island, Schism, and the Human Torch's revival having occurred and the Young Avengers taking no action. All this time Wiccan was in a depressive state. Hulkling tries to get him to talk to someone, but Wiccan refuses. Wiccan then believes Hulkling is breaking up with him, leading Hulkling to make an impromptu "proposal". They kiss, but are interrupted by Ms. Marvel and told to get into uniform and go to the mansion. The issue ends with the Young Avengers officially being recognized as full-fledged Avengers.

Volume 2
A new Young Avengers series, written by Kieron Gillen and drawn by Jamie McKelvie, was launched in January 2013 as part of the Marvel NOW! rebranding campaign. The new monthly series reintroduces existing Young Avengers, Wiccan, Hulkling and Hawkeye, as well as introducing Kid Loki, Noh-Varr and America Chavez to the book's cast. The series' sixth issue included the reintroduction of former Young Avenger, Speed, and the addition of depowered mutant Prodigy to the group. Over the course of the series, Wiccan and Hulkling reaffirm their commitment to one another after Hulkling faces an existential crisis; Wiccan discovers that he will one day become the all-powerful Demiurge; Prodigy comes out as bisexual, and develops a crush on Hulkling; Kate and Noh-Varr become a couple, and then later break up after Noh-Varr realises he doesn't feel as strongly for Kate as he does for his ex, Oubliette; and America Chavez is revealed to be from a paradise dimension created by the Demiurge (Wiccan). In the latter half of the series, Kid Loki believes he is engaged in a battle of wits with against his ex, Leah. However, he later uncovers that this 'Leah' is in fact a projection of his own guilty conscience, which wants to restore Loki to his true self. After tricking Wiccan into transforming him to a more mature form—that of a late teenager or young adult—he departs the group, choosing to do so before they can forgive him for manipulating and betraying them. Throughout the story, the group are also haunted by a powerful character dressed as Patriot, who captures Tommy. In the concluding issue of the series, Prodigy rightly surmises that this Patriot is a member of the team who has been transformed into a non-human in some future magical event, and is now echoing backwards along the timeline in order to ensure this future comes to pass. Guessing this person may well be himself, he kisses the Patriot, causing the Patriot to vanish and Tommy to reappear. Volume 2 came to an end with issue #15, as Gillen and McKelvie wrapped up their story and wanted to pursue other collaborations.

Thus the team again disbanded, after Hawkeye, America Chavez, and Noh-Varr joined West Coast Avengers, Wiccan and Speed focusing their relationships with Hulkling and Prodigy respectively.

Development and production
Prior to co-creating Young Avengers, Allan Heinberg was a writer and producer for The O.C., a teen drama television series. Heinberg was approached by Marvel about developing a comic book series for the company after giving an interview with the magazine Wizard, where he discussed the influence of comic books on The O.C. and the series' depiction of them. Young Avengers would become the first comic book that Heinberg would author. Owing to Heinberg's scheduling commitments as a television writer, the series was conceived as a 12-issue limited series rather than an ongoing series, which Heinberg likened to creating a season of a television series. Jim Cheung was the only artist considered for the series, with Heinberg praising his ability to illustrate "big, widescreen, comic book action scenes, as well as intimate, emotional character scenes".

Heinberg, who is gay, initially assumed that Marvel would not permit him to include gay characters in the series. Consequently, early drafts of Hulkling conceived of the character as a female shapeshifter named Chimera who would discover that her true form was male; this would prompt Wiccan to be forced to decide whether to stay in the relationship, which Heinberg described as "a very long, convoluted way to sneak a gay love story into a mainstream Marvel comic". After editor Tom Brevoort suggested that the story could be simplified by making both characters gay, the character's origin was revised to Heinberg's original vision. Heinberg described the process of creating a gay character in a mainstream comic as ultimately "far easier" than creating a gay character in a mainstream television series, which he ascribed to the lower budgets (and thus lower financial risk) of comic books. Heinberg reported that a majority of the letters to the editor about the series' gay subject material were positive, with "only one or two" that were "blatantly homophobic".

Marvel comics editor-in-chief Axel Alonso offered writer Kieron Gillen the second volume of Young Avengers on the basis of his previous work at Marvel, particularly Generation Hope (2011). Gillen chose his frequent collaborator Jamie McKelvie as the artist for the series; Young Avengers was McKelvie's first ongoing serialized comic for the company, having previously worked for the company as a fill-in artist and on graphic novels. Mike Norton provided additional artwork, while Matt Wilson served as colorist and Clayton Cowles served as letterer. The second volume was edited by Lauren Sankovitch, who described Young Avengers as "a book that I felt very strongly about and demanded", and who had previously worked with Gillen as the editor of his run on Journey Into Mystery in 2009.

In 2019, Heinberg and Cheung reunited to author "The Celebration Dinner", a Young Avengers story in Marvel Comics #1000. The issue is an anthology of eighty single-page stories by eighty creative teams, released to mark the 80th anniversary of Marvel Comics.

Awards
The Young Avengers comic book series won the 2006 Harvey Award for Best New Series. It won the 2006 and 2014 GLAAD Media Awards for Outstanding Comic Book.

Critical reception
Bryan Joel of IGN gave Young Avengers Presents #1 a grade of 8 out of 10, saying, "Paco Medina lends his pencils to this issue and while I've never been the biggest fan of his work, this might be the best and most polished I've ever seen it. His oddly-proportioned faces pop up here and there but his Patriot is uniformly great-looking, which is the most important part. I have a feeling we won't be getting any answers to the big questions from Young Avengers Presents, like status quo and membership post-Civil War, but when the proper series does eventually start up again, fans will probably have a heightened appreciation for its stars."

Kelly Thompson of CBR.com called Young Avengers #1 "incredibly satisfying, innovative and touching," asserting, "There's such passion and even conviction in what Gillen and McKelvie are doing on this book. It's easy feel the love and care on these pages, which is something mainstream comics don't have nearly enough of. With books like "Young Avengers" leading the pack, Marvel NOW! is shaping up to be one hell of an interesting line." Marc Buxton of Den of Geek gave Young Avengers #1 a grade of 10 out of 10, writing, "So, if you’re one of those readers who complain that they have seen it all before and that mainstream comics have become predictable, you owe it to yourself to experience Young Avengers. This is the book that will define the craft for generations to come, and Marvel deserves credit for seeing the potential the creative team has with these characters. Gillen and McKelvie are clearly worthy of the legacy that is Young Avengers."

Commercial reception
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Young Avengers Presents #1 was the 44th best selling comic book in January 2008. while Young Avengers #1 (2013) was the 18th best selling comic book in January 2013.

What If?
In 2008, a story titled "What If the Runaways Became the Young Avengers?" ran as a back-up story through five What If? issues. The feature illustrates what would have happened if Iron Lad never found out about the Avengers Fail-Safe Program. Instead, he recruits the Runaways, forcing them to be an actual superhero team with costumes. Although it is later revealed that the Iron Lad that brought them together was actually Victor Mancha—Iron Lad ran into Victor's future self when attempting to flee to the Avengers' era, with Victorious travelling back with him and using Victor to hi-jack his equipment—Kang's attempt to rescue his younger self results in Iron Lad being killed and Kang being erased from history while Victor destroys his future self and departs via Kang's time-belt to find his own way, leaving the Runaways to continue as Young Avengers with Chase now using parts of the Iron Lad armor. It was written by C.B. Cebulski, and drawn by Patrick "Spaz" Spaziante.

Marvel Cinematic Universe
Following the individual introductions of multiple Young Avengers members from the comics in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) starting in Phase Four, media outlets speculated that Marvel Studios was building towards a team-up film or series based on the Young Avengers. Speaking about the possibility of this, Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige said with the new characters being introduced in Phase Four, "the potential [was] endless". Elizabeth Olsen, who portrays Wanda Maximoff in the franchise, stated that she had "no idea" of any plans for such a project, although she believed that it "could be a possibility".

The idea of a Young Avengers team was first teased at the end of The Marvels (2023), where Kamala Khan (Iman Vellani) meets up with Kate Bishop (Hailee Steinfeld) and discusses with her about recruiting young heroes such as Cassie Lang (Kathryn Newton) to form a team.

Additional Young Avengers members in the comics that have appeared and been introduced into the MCU include:

 * Billy and Tommy Maximoff, portrayed by Julian Hilliard and Jett Klyne, respectively in the television series WandaVision (2021) and as their Earth-838 counterparts in the film Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022).
 * Eli Bradley, portrayed by Elijah Richardson in the television series The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2021).
 * Kid Loki, portrayed by Jack Veal as a "variant" of the original Loki during the first season of the television series Loki (2021).
 * America Chavez, portrayed by Xochitl Gomez in Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness.

Video games

 * The Young Avengers appear as unlockable playable characters in Lego Marvel's Avengers. The members featured are Kate Bishop, Hulking, Wiccan, Speed, and America Chavez.

Collected editions
The stories have been collected into a number of volumes:

title: Young Avengers


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title: User talk:147.140.255.254


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title: User talk:147.26.62.182


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Ducky

Ducky is a nickname and fictional character given name. It may refer to:

People

 * Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1876–1936), nicknamed "Ducky" within her family, British princess, granddaughter of Queen Victoria
 * Ducky Detweiler (1919–2013), American Major League Baseball third baseman
 * Elvin C. Drake (1903–1988), American college track and field coach and trainer
 * Dale Hawerchuk (born 1963), Canadian retired National Hockey League centre
 * Ducky Hemp (1862-1923), American Major League Baseball player and manager
 * Ducky Holmes (1869–1932), American Major League Baseball outfielder
 * Ducky Holmes (catcher) (1883–1945), American Major League Baseball catcher
 * Joe Medwick (1911–1975), American Major League Baseball left fielder
 * Clarence Nash (1904–1985), longtime voice of Donald Duck
 * Ducky Pond (1902-1982), American college football and baseball player and football coach
 * Ducky Schofield (1935–2022), American Major League Baseball infielder
 * Don Williams (animator), Disney animator and illustrator
 * Ducky Yount (1885-1970), American Major League Baseball pitcher

Fictional characters

 * Ducky (The Land Before Time), a Saurolophus in The Land Before Time film series
 * Ducky Mallard, medical examiner in the TV series NCIS, played by David McCallum
 * Ducky, a character in the film Toy Story 4
 * Ducky, a Splicer model in the video game BioShock

title: Ducky


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Talk:Working poor

Untitled
I have added a Globalize tag to the Definition and Causes sections. I'm not even going to get into the discussion about neutrality, but the article mostly deals with the United States, with a cursory treatment of Europe. The single sentence under Causes for Europe adds nothing to the article, and seems to be there more for the form of the thing than to add to the article. - Kleio08 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.138.186.139 (talk) 06:03, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

This article's neutrality is in dispute? Well, I guess when the facts themselves are biased, what is one to do? When did Fox News buy the Wikipedia?

Lolz nice comment person above... I agree, I see no POV in this article - it factually describes the situation that many people (including one family I know) find/found themselves in. Where is the POV dispute here, can someone pls comment? 69.227.23.179 18:44, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I also see nothing controversial. But the locale is not stated (implicitly it is the USA). It would be better to have a broader geographic perspective.

Pdn 03:30, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

POV issues
Well, I don't particularly share these viewpoints, but the POV issues would probably be listed as follows

 * A contrast against the ideal portrayed in Horatio Alger novels, wherein determination and a strong work ethic could lift a person from poverty into middle class comfort, the term "working poor" describes those who work hard by necessity yet do not escape poverty, although it they have a job and work hard, they have some of of the cultural and social capital to get ahead.

The implication of this paragraph is that people sometimes cannot pull themselves up by hard work and discipline, an idea that conservatives would generally disagree with.

[jdsahr: what difference does it make whether conservatives disagree with this? If a class of people live frugally, work full time, and are poor, what should they be called? ]

 * When wage controls such as minimum wages are not set, workers without marketable skills will often face low wages, harsh working conditions, and few opportunities to attain skills that would allow them to escape their undesirable situations, especially if libraries, schools and student loans are unavailable. Traditionally, before unionization and the child labor laws of the early 20th century, these individuals were manipulated into positions of debt (often as early as 12 or 13 years of age) by their employers. Laborers often lived in company towns and received wages that were deliberately set too low to cover their housing and board costs.

This is pretty much an argument for for a higher minimum wage and strong unions, two things that many conservatives contend actually weaken the economy and hurt more in the long run.

[jdsahr: again --- who cares what conservatives *think*! Is this article about the "working poor" or about the delicate sensibilities of "conservatives"?]

Another general issue with this article is that it states far too many "facts" using words like often or rarely, without actually quoting any numbers or quantifiable data. It would be far data to talk about consumer debt, median incomes, and other factors that illustrate the concept of the working poor. --CVaneg 01:36, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

[jdsahr: the gripe about "facts" unsupported by citations is appropriate.]

 * Strong unions are not the solution, because they haven't formed them despite a supportive legal environment with mandatory recognition, mandatory negotiation and anti-trust exemptions. Apparently, too much social and cultural capital is also required to form a strong union.--Silverback 08:16, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

[jdsahr: Not sure what "they" is referring to. The existence (in the US) of a supportive legal environment for unions is certainly debatable.]
 * It isn't going to be a good faith debate if you don't care what the other side thinks.--Silverback 05:44, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Note that I am only trying to outline why this article might be perceived as having a POV which others said they could not see. I am not advocating rewriting this article just so that it has a different, but equally biased POV. --CVaneg 08:35, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Uh..."Does not mean they should not..." that's clearly not neutral. It's an opinion, not a fact, but is presented as a fact.

I'm just going to insert here a link to the U.S. Census who does not define the term "working poor" at all for several reasons that were left out of the article: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/definitions.html - The problem is we are creating an article regarding a subjective term and not an objective one. So there are often going to be conflicts in opinion regarding the issue. In this way, it is POV and often coming from two sides- the article is very short on any citations other than a few initial links citing the bureau of labor and statistics. But the government's standards only measure agaist a predetermined income level or set line. The article seems to swerve one direction and then another and then back to the original direction. There is no mention of the possibility that some under-report their income (waiters, waitresses and some who may lose benefits should the government know their income level, mid-to-high level drug dealers, recent immigrants with limited skills or reporting to the government using false documentation, etc.), or not report any income at all. The next problem is that when we say working poor - are we referring to those who are under this government-created line at the time of measure or do we look at the cyclical nature of employment where people may rise and fall into or under the definition of "working poor". Do people predominately rise out of the "working poor" or do they fluctuate? I would prefer this article be rewritten in its entirety. --Aoco 02:14, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

NPOV abuse by Overzealous Wiki admins and BOFH
agree that Wikipedia is becoming excessively Fox News-ian and way too politically correct in censoring factual information as POV, esp any articles on right wing extremism, or any suggestion that facts suggest George Bush lied re WMD etc etc

The poor are with us and some do work
I have tried to present the proposition that there are people who want to work, do work but cannot earn enough to take themselves above the poverty line. I have removed references to extreme exploitation and tried to reflect what is happening in typical western societies. The links I have provided relate to work being done in Australia and New Zealand by government departments and academics. Tiles 06:26, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It still reads like a POV political essay. The US has low taxes and even tax credits for child care and health insurance that are arguably more "enlightened" than those in other countries, and the US has a de facto (if not de jure) open door immigration policy welcoming the poor of other countries, who are seeking the opportunity to become one of the US working poor.  It is not povery relative to ones own society that matters, poverty relative to other countries and historically precedent matter also.  Those who say they don't are just trying to encourage a victim mentality.  Today's working poor are descended from a long line of successful survivors, and are usually managing to succeed by the only standard that matters in the long run, reproduction.--Silverback 04:49, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Poverty relative to society expressly matters, especially in the United States, which does not have emphasis on extended family or the benefit of community living. Living within a certain culture makes one expressly aware of the differences in social and economic levels. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 07:09, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

The USA - deliberately planned poverty
The USA has the worst poverty rates (both absolute and relative) in the developed world and yet at the same time has the one of the world's highest per capita GDP. One should concentrate on how this differentiates the USA from the rest of the developed world in terms of literacy, mortality rates, and crime. The arguement that the American poor are not as poor as other nations is false. . . . .Working on the checkout in Walmart USA earns you about 5$ and hour. Working on the checkout in Walmart UK earns you 9$ + complete health insurance + subsidised housing + subsidised child care. Poverty in both the developed world and undeveloped world is more about access to education and health care than wealth per se, and in both cases is measure of the effectiveness of government. Countries can be 'poor' in financial terms but punch well above thier financial resources in terms of the education and health of thier citizens - Costa Rica and Cuba are two examples. Similarly, countries like the USA, in which some states struggle to compete with Cuba, can perform appalling badly.

In terms of bias, the question is, is it politically biased to mention that many Americans are worse off than Cubans on about 10 times the national income per capita? Is it politically biased to show what a poor performer the USA is in this area?

Any factual, evidence based article is going to conflict with Americans image of themselves as wealthy and powerful. Does evidence that contradicts popular belief constitute bias? A major edit will follow. . .. ..

Albanaich

cleanup
"This phenomenon is expressed in the saying, the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer."

 * Adds nothing, removed.

"unexpected costs related to healthcare, appliance repairs, school fees or utility bills"

 * School fees and utilities are not unexpected costs. And unless these people own their own homes, why are they repairing their own appliances?

 * Plenty of renters rent apartments that do not come furnished with appliances. I'm one of them. And various additional fees and utility-related expenses do come up regularly. If you are living from check to check, just barely making ends meet each time, a "one-time" fee here and there is all it takes to send you over the edge.aluxeterna 16:55, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

"In contrast to the ideal portrayed in Horatio Alger novels, where determination and a strong work ethic can lift a person from poverty into middle class comfort, the "working poor" are those who work hard yet do not escape poverty."

 * Adds little - editorializing and highly generalized. Removed.

--Ur Wurst Enema 18:10, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree with most of these changes.

 * "This phenomenon is expressed in the saying, the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer."

 * This *is*, after all, a very oft-stated saying in regards to the working poor, and it links to the concept of wealth condensation well. I can see it being left out for being trite, perhaps, if somebody can come up with a good way to link in the concept of wealth condensation.

 * As for appliance repair costs, often tenants find themselves paying for various repairs despite any obligations their landlord might have.

 * Furthermore, I think the Horatio Alger line adds quite a bit towards the scope of the article; it shows a diametrically opposite viewpoint that is well-known. -Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 22:20, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

"I can see it being left out for being trite,"

 * It is not left out for being trite. It is left out because it does nothing to elucidate the concept of "working poor."  If you think it describes "wealth condensation," that's fine.  But this article is not about wealth condensation.

"As for appliance repair costs, often tenants find themselves paying for various repairs despite any obligations their landlord might have."

 * Well, that is an empirical question that this article does not really answer. However since there is already a "needs citations" tag I figure that's already covered.

"Furthermore, I think the Horatio Alger line adds quite a bit towards the scope of the article; it shows a diametrically opposite viewpoint that is well-known."

 * No, adding a "viewpoint" as you say would give this article nothing more than NPOV and unencyclopedic tags. Is that what you want? --Ur Wurst Enema 05:56, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The concept of working poor is already an inherently POV topic. Adding the comparison to Alger allows for a neutral point of view.  The addition of other dimensions of the topic allows for a better article. I'm certainly willing to do without the trite saying "the rich get richer", provided that we can figure out a better way to link the concept of wealth condensation (other than "see also"). I'm not going to debate the neccesity of the various costs (appliance, etc.). I hope that the change I made is satisfactory.  -Tim Rhymeless  (Er...let's shimmy) 06:32, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * No, the allusion to Alger is editorializing. It is commentary about the concept of working poor, rather than explication of what it actually is.  Not very encyclopedic and borderline on NPOV. --Ur Wurst Enema 07:31, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Mentions of the Alger ethic are common within literature concerning working poor. See | this, or | this example. -Tim Rhymeless  (Er...let's shimmy) 09:36, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * And as I suspected, neither are even close to being encyclopedic. One is quoted from The Nation, and the other is also highly editorial in style.  Neither is close to NPOV.  One even claims that work ethic is a "myth."  Give me a break.

 * In addition, as I read this article again I find the words "often," "many," and "few" in nearly every sentence. Not only are they totally unspecific (what's often?  5%?  10%?  90%?), they are uncited. --Ur Wurst Enema 00:09, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, they are certainly editorials, but they are also certainly serious discussions on the subject. The fact that neither article I showed you is encyclopedic is precisely why they haven't been listed as sources on the article. It is rational to expect that when you're discussing a topic that has an inherent POV, that its opposite should be referenced. I don't see why this should be so difficult. -Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 06:00, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

medcabal
Hello -- I was called in as part of medcabal about a conflict over this article:.

Can Ur and Tim please explain very briefly (i.e., in one short sentence) what the conflict is about? Looking at the article, there need to be inline sources for specific claims. I personally don't see much of a problem with the Horatio Alger paragraph, it seems rather harmless, but we can certaintly discuss.

Please note that when it comes to sources there are going to be disagreements and most sources -- except for those coming out of university quantative sociology departments -- are going to have some sort of POV; that is not a sufficient reason not to use them as sources. Sdedeo (tips) 18:11, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I find that the Alger paragraph comes across as commentary, giving the article editorial slant. I believe this justifies the neutrality disclaimer currently on this article.

 * I also find the Alger paragraph to be critical and dismissive of both Alger and his idea of work ethic as a beneficial force. This could also be a POV issue. Ur Wurst Enema 21:15, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree that the article itself could be helped by more inline sources. However I believe that the Alger work ethic should be presented as a meaningful counterpoint to the working poor concept. -Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 21:32, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

OK. The question is, does Horatio Alger deny the existence of the working poor? e.g., does Alger say that everyone who remains poor is lazy and not working? In that case, it seems rather unambiguous that the Alger paragraph should appear -- as long as we have some source for the Alger opinion. On the other hand, if Alger doesn't deny the existence of the working poor, then it is probably incorrect to describe the concept of "working poor" as "in contrast" to Alger's ideas. Tim, could you provide a source for something like the Alger claim I suggest? Sdedeo (tips) 21:40, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Alger doesn't appear to categorically support or deny the existence of the working poor, but his works generally epitomise an ideal that is commonly used as support by detractors of the working poor concept. On the other hand, it is also referenced by supporters of the issue, as a contrast (which you can see in the links I provided earlier). Alger's viewpoint of the American Dream, for example should be pretty clear, although his views on living conditions can't quite be expected to apply to modern society. -Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 21:56, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Just looking over the Alger page, it seems that Alger places great importance on "luck" (e.g., one of his novels is "Luck and Pluck".) So it is probably incorrect to describe Alger as promoting the idea that there is no such thing as the (truly) "working poor." However, I suggest that one excellent (very excellent) solution would be a description (and sourcing) of the uses of Alger's work by detractors and supporters of the concept of the "working poor". That IMO would be great -- do you want to try to work up a paragraph on that? Sdedeo (tips) 22:03, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * If I understand Alger correctly, his ideal is simply that if one worked hard, he could improve his status. He did *not* say, "if you work hard then you definitely won't be poor," and it's contrapositive implication that if you are poor, you're definitely not working hard.  Given that Alger wrote the former and not the latter, it seems improper that we write "this is in contrast to Alger's ideal," as we would then basically imply that work ethic is worthless (which would certainly be dubious and probably not neutral).

 * I assume that Tim is trying to include the idea that while Alger himself may not have said that the working poor doesn't exist, some of our contemporaries might believe and espouse that. However I believe that the title and first paragraph are sufficient to cover that without explicitly bringing up the contrasting idea.  As such, I believe the best course of action is simply to delete the paragraph.  The real problem with this article (lack of citation/empirical weight) could then be addressed. Ur Wurst Enema 09:56, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Given our discussion so far, I believe that the best solution is for Tim to contribute a paragraph discussing the uses of Alger by critics and supporters of the concept. However, he many not have time to do that. In the meantime, I suggest the best solution is to delete the paragraph that claims Alger opposed the concept of working poor and take off the "disputed" tag. Ur and Tim, please wait for a moment; Tim, please chime in with whether or not you'd be able to write the larger paragraph, and if you object to the deletion solution as well. If I don't hear back from you within 24 hours, I'll remove the tag and delete the para. Ur, it would be best if I took care of this just because I'm sort of more "neutral", being the mediator. Sdedeo (tips) 17:02, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I still don't see what it is that bringing in either Alger or his ideal to this article would accomplish. Are we going to criticize Alger?  This article is not about him.

 * Are we going to criticize his ideal that working hard is good? That would be pretty dubious.

 * Are we going to discuss how other people might be using some sort of misrepresentation of Alger's ideal to deny the concept of working poor? Then we are no longer talking about either Alger or his ideal but other people and theirs.

 * Not to poison the well, but I just doubt that Alger can be brought in in such a way that would be both neutral and beneficial to the article. Ur Wurst Enema 18:17, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

No, we are not going to criticize Alger, nor are we going to criticize his beliefs; neither would satisfy NPOV. Instead I suggested to Tim that we, as you say "discuss how other people might be using some sort of misrepresentation of Alger's ideal to deny the concept of working poor." This is relevant to the concept of the working poor -- don't you think? To make an analogy (and I am terrifyingly close to Godwin's Law), we definitely discuss how Nietzsche has been used (and misinterpreted) by others to support various kinds of racial supremacy. If Alger is, as Tim suggests and I think is rather a priori reasonable, a point of reference for people in the discussion, we should talk about it, but only if we can get NPOV and verifiable.

Anyway, Ur, let's wait to hear back from Tim. Sdedeo (tips) 18:43, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry it's taken me so long to get back to this. I wouldn't mind writing a paragraph on interpretation of Alger as applied to Working poor, but I'm not quite sure how to go about it. Any advice?

 * I'd hope that any failure to produce a paragraph immediately would not constitute overall failure, but would also hope that in the intervening time, some sort of invisible placeholder could be made for the disputed information. Looking forward to your response, Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 08:55, 30 January 2006 (UTC).

Hi Tim -- what I'm going to do is rm the current para and the tag, so that there's no time pressure.

Here would be my advice for writing a para: "One common point of reference in discussing the question of the WP has been the work of Horatio Alger. On the one hand, those who disagree with the concept of the WP see HA as suggesting X, and thus that Y (source, source, souce). On the other hand, those who consider the concept of the WP useful see HA as suggesting A, and thus B (source source source)."d

OK -- good luck! Sdedeo (tips) 14:38, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

OK -- I haven't heard back further from either Ur or Tim on this issue, so I'm going to consider the dispute closed: the original Alger para has been removed, and Tim has a suggestion for further Alger discussion that Ur seems not to have objected to. Everyone seems to not have objected in more than 24 hours, so I'll close out the mediation. Sdedeo (tips) 21:38, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Suggestions for reorganization
-This article could benefit from some updating and reorganization/expansion.

 * -Updating: Need to update the Bureau of Labor Statistics figures.

 * -Proposed reorganization/expansion: Intro  /  History of the term "working poor"  /  Working Poor in the US (subsections: overview, history, jobs typically held by the working poor, explanations for why these jobs are poorly paid, consequences of low pay on government aid programs)  / Working Poor from a Cross-national perspective (see Brady, Fullerton, and Cross (2010) for data)  /  Policy responses  (subsections: US, Canada, Europe, etc.)

--Amcook (talk) 00:54, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

Additional Sources
'''**I used the bibliography from the following study as the starting point for this list of sources: Brady, David; Andrew S. Fullerton; and Jennifer Moren Cross. 2010. "More Than Just Nickels and Dimes: A Cross National Study of Working Poverty in Affluent Democracies." Social Forces 57: 559-585** '''

Andress, Hans-Jurgen and Henning Lohmann. 2008. The Working Poor in Europe. Northampton, MA.: Edward Elgar.

Blank, Rebecca M. 2000. “Fighting Poverty: Lessons From Recent U.S. History.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14: 3-19.

_____. 1997. It Takes a Nation Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Blank, Rebecca M., Sheldon H. Danziger, and Robert F. Schoeni. 2006. Working and Poor New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. 2002. At Home and Abroad. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Bluestone, Barry, and Bennett Harrison. 2000. Growing Prosperity New York: Houghton Mifflin.

Brady, David. 2009. Rich Democracies, Poor People New York: Oxford University Press.

_____. 2003. “Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty.” Social Forces 81: 715-752.

Brady, David, Andrew Fullerton and Jennifer Moren Cross. 2009. “Putting Poverty in Political Context: A Multi-Level Analysis of Adult Poverty Across 18 Affluent Western Democracies.” Social Forces 88: 271-300.

Brady, David and Denise Kall. 2008. “Nearly Universal, But Somewhat Distinct: The Feminization of Poverty in Affluent Western Democracies, 1969-2000.” Social Science Research 37: 976-1007.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 2007. “A Profile of the Working Poor, 2005.” U.S. Department of Labor,www.bls.gov/cps/cpswp2005.pdf

Cormier, David and Charles Craypo. 2000. “The Working Poor and the Working of American Labour Markets.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 24: 691-708.

DeFina, Robert H. 2007. “A Comparison of Poverty Trends and Policy Impacts for Working Families Using Different Poverty Indexes.” Journal of Economic and Social Measurement 32: 129-147.

_____. 2002. “The Impact of Macroeconomic Performance on Alternative Poverty Measures.” Social Science Research 31: 29-48.

DeFina, Robert H. and Kishor Thanawala. 2003. “International Evidence on the Impact of Taxes and Transfers on Alternative Poverty Indexes.” Social Science Research 33: 322-338.

Ehrenreich, Barbara. 2001. Nickel and Dimed New York: Holt.

Esping-Andersen, Gosta. 1999. Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies New York: Oxford University Press.

_____. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Freeman, Richard B. 2001. “The Rising Tide Lifts…” Pp. 97-126 in Understanding Poverty, edited by S. Danziger and R. Haveman. New York and Cambridge, MA.: Russell Sage Foundation and Harvard University Press. 32

Gautie, Jerome and John Schmitt. 2009. Low-Wage Work in the Wealthy World New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Gleicher, David and Lonnie K. Stevans. 2005. “A Comprehensive Profile of the Working Poor.” Labour 19: 517-529.

Gornick, Janet. 2004. “Women’s Economic Outcomes, Gender Inequality and Public Policy: Findings from the Luxembourg Income Study.” Socio-Economic Review 2: 213-238.

Gundersen, Craig and James P. Ziliak. 2004. “Poverty and Macroeconomic Performance. A View from the States in the Welfare Reform Era.” Demography 41:61-86.

Harris, Kathleen Mullan. 1993. “Work and Welfare Among Single Mothers in Poverty.” American Journal of Sociology 99: 317-352.

Hauan, Susan M., Nancy S. Landale, and Kevin T. Leicht. 2000. “Poverty and Work Effort Among Urban Latino Men.” Work and Occupations 27: 188-222.

Heuveline, Patrick and Matthew Weinshenker. 2008. “The International Child Poverty Gap: Does Demography Matter?” Demography 45: 173-191.

Hicks, Alexander. 1999. Social Democracy and Welfare Capitalism Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Hills, John. 2004. Inequality and the State New York: Oxford University Press.

Huber, Evelyne and John D. Stephens. 2001. Development and Crisis of the Welfare State Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Iceland, John. 2003. Poverty in America Berkeley, CA.: University of California Press.

Iceland, John and Josh Kim. 2001. “Poverty Among Working Families: Insights From an Improved Poverty Measure.” Social Science Quarterly 82: 253-267.

Joassart-Marcelli, Pascale. 2005. “Working Poverty in Southern California: Towards an Operational Measure.” Social Science Research 34: 20-43.

Kalleberg, Arne L. 2007. The Mismatched Worker. New York: Norton.

Korpi, Walter, and Joakim Palme. 1998. “The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality: Welfare State Institutions, Inequality, and Poverty in the Western Countries.” American Sociological Review 63: 661-687.

Lichter, Daniel T. 1988. “Racial Differences in Underemployment in American Cities.” American Journal of Sociology 93: 771-792.

Lichter, Daniel T., Deborah Roempke Graefe and J. Brian Brown. 2003. “Is Marriage a Panacea? Union Formation Among Economically Disadvantaged Unwed Mothers.” Social Problems 50: 60-86. 33

Lohmann, Henning. 2009. “Welfare States, Labour Market Institutions and the Working Poor: A Comparative Analysis of 20 European Countries.” European Sociological Review 25: 489-504.

Lucifora, Claudio. Abigail McKnight, and Wiemer Salverda. 2005. “Low-Wage Employment in Europe: A Review of the Evidence.” Socio-Economic Review 3: 259-292.

Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Database, http://www.lisproject.org/techdoc.htm (multiple countries; analyses based on data available December 2009).

Moller, Stephanie, David Bradley, Evelyne Huber, Francois Nielsen, and John D. Stephens. 2003. “Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies.” American Sociological Review 68: 22-51.

Munger, Frank. 2002. Laboring Below the Line New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Newman, Katherine S. 2006. Chutes and Ladders New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

_____. 1999. No Shame in My Game New York: Russell Sage Foundation and Knopf.

Newman, Katherine S. and Victor Tan Chen. 2007. The Missing Class Boston: Beacon Press.

O’Connor, Alice. 2000. “Poverty Research and Policy for the Post-Welfare Era.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 547-562.

Plasman, Robert and Francis Rycx. 2001. “Collective Bargaining and Poverty: A Cross-National Perspective.” European Journal of Industrial Relations 7: 175-202.

Pontusson, Jonas. 2005. Inequality and Prosperity Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Rainwater, Lee and Timothy M. Smeeding. 2004. Poor Kids in a Rich Country New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Rank, Mark Robert. 2005. One Nation, Underprivileged. New York: Oxford University Press.

Sawhill, Isabel. 2003. “The Behavioral Aspects of Poverty.” The Public Interest 153 (Fall): 79-93.

Scruggs, Lyle and James P. Allan. 2006. “The Material Consequences of Welfare States: Benefit Generosity and Absolute Poverty in 16 OECD Countries.” Comparative Political Studies.

Shipler, David. 2004. The Working Poor. New York: Knopf.

Wilson, William Julius. 1996. When Work Disappears. New York: Norton.

Zuberi, Dan. 2006. Differences That Matter. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Pres

US-centric?
I certain parts heavily related only to the UNIted States, a proper approach woukd be to create a separate section, even a separate article, but no way the deletion of massive, well-referenced chunk of text. Staszek Lem (talk) 01:12, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

Neutrality
This article flouts neutrality guidelines to a degree that is, frankly, astonishing.

Presenting information from a political perspective is one thing (especially when related to sociological studies) but offering one-lined and poor representations of contrary opinions (I won't call them dissenting; clearly, the idea of increasing welfare is not a majority opinion), when any are given at all, is ludicrous. This article desperately needs a rewrite in order to achieve an encyclopedic, disinterested tone and presentation.

A good place to start would be removing the arguments unsupported by citations. And also presenting the 'conservative' side of the argument: for example, if there are less working poor in nations with greater welfare expenditure, despite the fact that demographics and economic productivity are controlled for, it behooves us to mention that conservatives consider demographics and economic productivity to be a direct result of the amount of regulation and government benefits! Citing a study that is tailored to display proof for a certain argument by 'controlling' the outcomes that the position's opponents uphold as the reasoning against said argument is disingenuous when this criticism is not even presented.

Someone, please, take initiative and fix this. Or green-light me and I'll do my best to cull the unsupported generalizations and balance the equation.

Regards, James — Preceding unsigned comment added by Babyinthebarn (talk • contribs) 07:11, 21 January 2013 (UTC)

"Significant Proportion" of Working Poor
Second paragraph states:

 * While poverty is often associated with joblessness, a significant proportion of the poor in the US and Canada, but also Italy, Spain, and Ireland are actually employed.

While citation [1] http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpswp2009.pdf estimates 10.4 million (of 43.6 million in poverty), or 24 percent, are part of the working poor in US. Can this really be classified as a "significant portion"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.185.69.178 (talk) 16:16, 17 February 2014 (UTC)

Reads like an essay.
I marked this with the Essay tag and then proceeded to remove some of the unsourced material. There is even more that I don't have time to excise. Thank you. GeorgeLouis (talk) 18:38, 25 November 2014 (UTC)

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Student Editor
Hello, I am a college student and I have decided to "adopt" this article to edit and improve as part of a semester long project. Any feedback would be greatly appreciated!Yellowduckinc (talk) 00:59, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

Updating Article
I feel like this article could use a pretty big update. The statics listed are all a decade old or more, and I feel like it would be beneficial to provide current information about the estimated size of the working poor, what the poverty limit is, ect, ect. It would make this article a lot relevant to current events. Yellowduckinc (talk) 01:03, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

I also think that the introduction could be rewritten. Yellowduckinc (talk) 15:48, 9 October 2019 (UTC)

"Paycheck to paycheck" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Paycheck to paycheck. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 July 9 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Interstellarity (talk) 15:11, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Working poor


text:
Slipware

Slipware is pottery identified by its primary decorating process where slip is placed onto the leather-hard (semi-hardened) clay body surface before firing by dipping, painting or splashing. Slip is an aqueous suspension of a clay body, which is a mixture of clays and other minerals such as quartz, feldspar and mica. The slip placed onto a wet or leather-hard clay body surface by a variety of techniques including dipping, painting, piping or splashing. Slipware is the pottery on which slip has been applied either for glazing or decoration. Slip is liquified clay or clay slurry, with no fixed ratio of water and clay, which is used either for joining pottery pieces together by slip casting with mould, glazing or decorating the pottery by painting or dipping the pottery with slip.

Principal techniques include slip painting, where the slip is treated like paint and used to create a design with brushes or other implements, and slip trailing, where the slip, usually rather thick, is dripped, piped or trailed onto the body, typically from some device like the piping bag used to decorate cakes. The French term for slip is barbotine, and this term may be used for both techniques, but usually from different periods.

Often only pottery where the slip creates patterns or images will be described as slipware, as opposed to the many types where a plain slip is applied to the whole body, for example most fine wares in Ancient Roman pottery, such as African red slip ware (note: "slip ware" not "slipware"). Decorative slips may be a different colour than the underlying clay body or offer other decorative qualities. Selectively applying layers of colored slips can create the effect of a painted ceramic, such as in the black-figure or red-figure pottery styles of Ancient Greek pottery. Slip decoration is an ancient technique in Chinese pottery also, used to cover whole vessels over 4,000 years ago.

History
Many prehistoric and historic cultures used slip as the primary decorating material on their ware, especially in early periods. These include most prehistoric cultures of the Middle East and much later Islamic pottery, cultures in many areas of Africa, most pottery-making cultures in the Americas, early Japanese (and later Onta ware) and much Korean pottery. Much Mycenean ware, Ancient Greek pottery and Ancient Roman pottery used slip, as did pre-industrialized potters in many areas of Europe, including Great Britain, most notably Thomas Toft in the Staffordshire Potteries.

Later potters mostly combined or replaced the use of slip with ceramic glazes and pigments offering a tougher finish and a wider range of colours. But a variety of slipware techniques were revived by various studio pottery movements from the 19th century on. In England Bernard Leach and in America Mary Louise McLaughlin were among the leaders of these revivals.

Techniques
A coating of white or coloured slip (sometimes called by the French term engobe in American English) can be applied to the whole body of the article, or just one part, such as outside or inside of a cup or jug, to improve its appearance, to give a smoother surface to a rough body, mask an inferior colour or for decorative effect. Slip can also be applied by painting techniques, in isolation or in several layers and colours. Sgraffito (or "sgraffiato") involves scratching through a layer of coloured slip to reveal a different colour or the base body underneath. Several layers of slip and/or sgraffito can be done while the pot is still in an unfired state. One colour of slip can be fired, before a second is applied, and prior to the scratching or incising decoration. This is particularly useful if the base body is not of the desired colour or texture.

Chinese pottery also used techniques where patterns, images or calligraphy were created as part-dried slip was cut away to reveal a lower layer of slip or the main clay body in a contrasting colour. The latter of these is called the "cut-glaze" technique. Slipware may be carved or burnished to change the surface appearance of the ware. Specialized slip recipes may be applied to biscuit ware and then refired.

Examples
An example of slipware artifact is the Harvest jug.

title: Slipware


text: User talk:68.2.189.75

title: User talk:68.2.189.75


text: User talk:69.229.241.144

title: User talk:69.229.241.144


text:
Beanland (band)

Beanland was a roots rock jam band, based in Oxford, Mississippi, which performed and recorded primarily from 1986 to 1993.

Beanland was founded in Oxford in 1985 by guitarists Bill McCrory and George McConnell, with Adam Stoll on drums and harmonica. After some early shuffling, the band's line-up consisted of McConnell and McCrory on guitar, John "JoJo" Hermann on keyboards, Ron Lewis on bass, and Harry Peel on drums. The band recorded a self-titled debut album in 1991 and toured extensively, mainly around the South and Southwest, playing blues-oriented rock as part of the nascent early-1990s jam band renaissance.

Shortly after the album's release, keyboardist John "JoJo" Hermann left Beanland to join Widespread Panic. McConnell kept Beanland alive briefly as a four-piece with a much-altered line-up, and recorded a follow-up album in 1992, but the band dissolved soon after.

George McConnell later joined JoJo Hermann in Widespread Panic, serving as that band's lead guitarist from 2002-2006.

The Beanland songs "Sellin' The Rain" and "Doreatha" from the debut album garnered some airplay on college radio stations throughout the Southeastern United States. The band has a moderate cult following.

Beanland has played several reunion shows, most recently in 2004 at the Double Decker Arts Festival in Oxford.

2004 also saw the release of "Beanland: Rising From the Riverbed", a film by Oxford based Cloudscapes Productions. The film tells the story of Beanland through classic footage and interviews with band members and such musical luminaries as producer Jim Dickinson and Rev. Jeff Mosier.

Beanland took their name from a home where some of the members lived, 1313 Beanland Drive, Oxford, Mississippi. In fact, the original name of the band was 1313 Beanland, but the name was changed at the request or demand of their landlord.

Beanland (1991)

 * HiCool Records
 * Produced by Jim Dickinson and engineered by Don Smith

Eye to Eye (1993)

 * HiCool Records
 * Produced and engineered by Don Smith

Rising From the Riverbed - DVD (2004)

 * Cloudscapes Productions
 * Produced and directed by Scotty Glahn
 * (includes bonus CD sampler of bands from the era)

title: Beanland (band)