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The Song of the Stormy Petrel

"The Song of the Stormy Petrel" (Песня о Буревестнике, Pesnya o Burevestnike/Pesńa o Burevestnike) is a short piece of revolutionary literature written by the Russian writer Maxim Gorky in 1901. The poem is written in a variation of unrhymed trochaic tetrameter with occasional Pyrrhic substitutions.

History
In 1901, no one could criticise the Tsar directly and hope to escape unhappy fate. "Aesopian language" of a fable, which had been developed into a form of art by earlier writers such as Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, was not infrequently used by the critics of the regime.

Maxim Gorky wrote "The Song of the Storm Petrel" in March 1901 in Nizhny Novgorod. It is believed that originally the text was part of a larger piece, called "Spring Melodies" (Весенние мелодии) and subtitled "Fantasy" (Фантазия). In this "fantasy", the author overhears a conversation of birds outside his window on a late-winter day: a crow, a raven, and a bullfinch representing the monarchist establishment; sparrows, "lesser people"; and anti-establishment siskins (чижики). As the birds discussing the approach of the spring, it is one of the siskins who sings to his comrades "the Song of the Stormy Petrel, which he had overheard somewhere", which appears as the "fantasy's" finale. In the "Song", the action takes place on an ocean coast, far from the streets of a central Russian town; the language calling for revolution is coded—the proud stormy petrel, unafraid of the storm (that is, revolution), as all other birds cower.

The publication of this parody of the Russian society was disallowed by the censors; however, apparently because of a censor's mistake, the siskin's "Song" was allowed to be published as a separate piece. The entire "fantasy" was published in Berlin in 1902.

The "Song" was first published in the Zhizn magazine in April 1901. Gorky was arrested for publishing "The Song", but released shortly thereafter.

The poem was later referred to as "the battle anthem of the revolution", and the epithet Burevestnik Revolyutsii (The Storm Petrel of the Revolution) soon became attached to Gorky himself. According to Nadezhda Krupskaya, "The Song" became one of Lenin's favorite works by Gorky.

The bird species in the song
As a poet, Gorky would not have paid too much attention to precisely identifying the birds species appearing in his "Song". The Russian word burevestnik (modified by appropriate adjectives) is applied to a number of species in the order Procellariiformes. According to Vladimir Dal's Dal's Dictionary, Russia's favorite dictionary in Maxim Gorky's time, burevestnik could be understood as a generic word for all members of the family Procellariidae and Hydrobatidae (including the European storm petrel). This Russian word is not, however, used to specifically name any species properly known in English as storm-petrel. However, since the Russian burevestnik can be literally parsed by the speaker as 'the announcer of the storm', it was only appropriate for most translators into English to translate the title of the poem as "Stormy Petrel" (or, more rarely, "Storm Petrel").

Other avian characters of the poem are generic seagulls, loons (also known as "divers"; Russian, гагара), and a penguin. While Northern Hemisphere loons and Southern Hemisphere penguins are not likely to meet in the wild, their joint participation in the poem is an example of poetic license; alternatively, the penguin might refer to the extinct great auk (genus Pinguinus) once known commonly as "penguins".

Translations
The Song was translated into many languages (and to almost all officially recognized languages of Russia), including German, Japanese, and Hebrew.

The text of the poem
The text in original Russian and English translation follows (the English translation is GFDL; note on translation on the discussion page).

Commemoration
The popularity of the poem in Russia's revolutionary circles, and the later "canonization" of Gorky as a preeminent classic of the "proletarian literature" ensured the wide spreading of the image of the Burevestnik ("stormy petrel") in the Soviet propaganda imagery. A variety of institutions, products, and publications would bear the name "Burevestnik", including a national sports club, a series of hydrofoil boats, an air base in the Kuril Islands, a labor-union resort on the Gorky Reservoir, a Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod express train, and even a brand of candy. (See Burevestnik for a very partial list of entities so named). Naturally, Burevestnik-themed names were especially popular in Gorky Oblast.

Maxim Gorky himself would be referred to with the epithet "the Stormy Petrel of the Revolution" (Буревестник Революции); monuments, posters, postage stamps and commemorative coins depicting the writer would often be decorated with the image of a soaring aquatic bird.

title: The Song of the Stormy Petrel


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Tom Goddard

Thomas William John Goddard (1 October 1900 – 22 May 1966) was an English cricketer and the fifth-highest wicket taker in first-class cricket.

Biography
Born 1 October 1900 in Gloucester, Goddard joined Gloucestershire in 1922 as a fast bowler, Goddard met with so little success in his first six years that he was not re-engaged by Gloucestershire for 1928. However, determined to succeed, he joined the ground staff at Lord's and switched to off spin. With his massive hands and steep bounce due to his height (about 190 centimetres or six feet three inches), he was an immediate success and Gloucestershire re-engaged him for 1929. Even on the best of wickets Goddard was able to turn the ball substantially, and when the turf was worn or sticky he could spin to a remarkable degree. He earned a reputation as a voracious appealer, a sworn enemy of batsmen. Owing to his high trajectory, he could be easy to hit (it is estimated he was hit for 70 sixes a season between 1934 and 1938), and it is probable that this is why he was so expensive against the incomparable 1948 Australian side, and in some cases in county cricket. He played only once against Australia (in 1930) and only eight times against all countries – for much of Goddard's time, Hedley Verity was the preferred England spin bowler, and it is often thought that leg spinners rather than off spinners were favoured at this time in Tests. His successes in the matches he played (he took a hat-trick against South Africa in 1938–39) suggests he might have done well with more opportunities. He finished with six hat-tricks, the same as Parker and only one less than the all-time record of seven, held by D. V. P. Wright of Kent.

In 1929, his first season as a spinner, he took 184 wickets, and over 140 in the following two years. With Charlie Parker, he formed the most lethal bowling combination in county cricket, and, aided by the brilliant batting and catching of Wally Hammond, Gloucestershire had their most successful (though brief) era, finishing fourth in 1929, second in 1930 and second in 1931.

Goddard was forced to become Gloucestershire's chief bowler when the seemingly ageless Parker finally declined for good in 1932. Except in 1934 and 1938 when injuries handicapped him, and in 1948 when he lost form, Goddard took over 150 wickets in every season between 1932 and 1949, heading the first-class bowling averages in 1947 and 1949. In 1937 and 1947 (aided in the latter case by a sand dressing on the Bristol pitch that made the ball turn prodigiously), Goddard took 222 wickets for Gloucestershire, and fell two short of 250 wickets in all first-class matches in 1937 when he was one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year.

His haul of 206 wickets in the 1947 County Championship will forever stand as the last case of 200 wickets in a season in that competition. With much slower over-rates and fewer matches, few bowlers today can take a third as many wickets.

Among his best bowling feats for Gloucestershire were: – 17 for 106 against Kent at Bristol in 1939 – 16 for 99 against Worcestershire at Bristol in 1939 – 16 for 181 (10 for 113 in second innings) against Worcestershire at Cheltenham in 1937 – 15 for 107 (9 for 20 to finish match) on a "pitch of easy pace" against Derbyshire at Bristol in 1949. – 9 for 37 against Leicestershire at Bristol in 1934 – 9 for 82 against Surrey at Cheltenham in 1946 – 9 for 21 against Cambridge University at Cheltenham in 1929

In 1951, at the age of fifty, Goddard was forced to retire due to an attack of pneumonia and pleurisy, but because he wanted so desperately to reach the 3,000-wicket mark, he came back for fourteen matches in 1952, even managing to pick up a ten-for, till at 51 years of age it became apparent his body could no longer support his immense will-power; he ended with 2,979 wickets, fifth on the all-time wickets tally after Wilfred Rhodes, Tich Freeman, Parker, and Jack Hearne. He left Gloucestershire's off-spin heritage safe in the hands of John Mortimore, Bomber Wells, and David Allen.

After he retired, Goddard ran a furniture shop in his home city of Gloucester, right up to a year before his death on 22 May 1966. From his shop, Goddard provided an early cable television service to customers in Gloucester in the 1950s. This pioneering system offered a superior reception to that which was available from rooftop aerials in the city.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tom Goddard


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Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

Mihaly Robert Csikszentmihalyi (, Csíkszentmihályi Mihály Róbert, ; 29 September 1934 – 20 October 2021) was a Hungarian-American psychologist. He recognized and named the psychological concept of "flow", a highly focused mental state conducive to productivity. He was the Distinguished Professor of Psychology and Management at Claremont Graduate University. Earlier, he served as the head of the department of psychology at the University of Chicago and of the department of sociology and anthropology at Lake Forest College.

Early life and education
Mihaly Robert Csikszentmihalyi was born on 29 September 1934 in Fiume, now known as Rijeka, then part of the Kingdom of Italy. His family name derives from the village of Csíkszentmihály in Transylvania. He was the third son of a career diplomat at the Hungarian Consulate in Fiume. In 1944, when Csikszentmihalyi was ten years old, one of his two older half-brothers was killed in the Siege of Budapest, and the other, Moricz, was sent to labor camps in Siberia by the Soviets. Decades later, Mihaly and Moricz were reunited in Budapest.

His father was appointed Hungarian Ambassador to Italy shortly after the Second World War, moving the family to Rome. When Communists took over Hungary in 1949, Csikszentmihalyi's father resigned rather than choosing to work for the regime. The Communist regime responded by expelling his father and stripping the family of their Hungarian citizenship. To earn a living, his father opened a restaurant in Rome, and Csikszentmihalyi dropped out of school to help with the family income. At this time, the young Csikszentmihalyi, then travelling in Switzerland, saw Carl Jung give a talk on the psychology of UFO sightings.

Csikszentmihalyi immigrated to the United States at age 22, working nights to support himself while studying at the University of Chicago. He received a B.A. in 1959 and a Ph.D. in 1965, both from the University of Chicago. He then taught at Lake Forest College before becoming a professor at the University of Chicago in 1969.

Work
Csikszentmihalyi was noted for his work in the study of happiness and creativity, but is best known as the architect of the notion of flow and for his years of research and writing on the topic. Martin Seligman, former president of the American Psychological Association, described Csikszentmihalyi as the world's leading researcher on positive psychology. Csikszentmihalyi once said: "Repression is not the way to virtue. When people restrain themselves out of fear, their lives are by necessity diminished. Only through freely chosen discipline can life be enjoyed and still kept within the bounds of reason." His works are influential and are widely cited.

Flow
In his seminal work, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience, Csíkszentmihályi outlined his theory that people are happiest when they are in a state of flow—a state of concentration or complete absorption with the activity at hand and the situation. It is a state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter. The flow state is colloquially known as being in the zone or in the groove. It is an optimal state of intrinsic motivation, where the person is fully immersed in what they are doing. This is a feeling everyone has at times, characterized by a feeling of great absorption, engagement, fulfillment, and skill—and during which temporal concerns (time, food, ego-self, etc.) are typically ignored.

In an interview with Wired magazine, Csíkszentmihályi described flow as "being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. The ego falls away. Time flies. Every action, movement, and thought follows inevitably from the previous one, like playing jazz. Your whole being is involved, and you're using your skills to the utmost."

Csikszentmihályi characterized nine component states of achieving flow: To achieve a flow state, a balance must be struck between the challenge of the task and the skill of the performer. If the task is too easy or too difficult, flow cannot occur as both skill level and challenge level must be matched and high; if skill and challenge are low and matched, apathy results.
 * challenge-skill balance
 * merging of action and awareness
 * clarity of goals
 * immediate and unambiguous feedback
 * concentration on the task at hand
 * paradox of control
 * transformation of time
 * loss of self-consciousness
 * autotelic experience

Autotelicity
One state that Csikszentmihalyi researched was that of the autotelic personality. The autotelic personality is one in which a person performs acts because they are intrinsically rewarding, rather than to achieve external goals. Csikszentmihalyi described the autotelic personality as a trait possessed by people who can learn to enjoy situations that most others would find miserable. Research has shown that aspects associated with the autotelic personality include curiosity, persistence, and humility.

Motivation
Most of Csikszentmihalyi's final works focused on the idea of motivation and the factors that contribute to motivation, challenge, and overall success. One personality characteristic that Csikszentmihalyi researched in detail was that of intrinsic motivation. He and his colleagues found that intrinsically motivated people were more likely to be goal-directed and enjoy challenges that would lead to an increase in overall happiness.

Csikszentmihalyi identified intrinsic motivation as a powerful trait to optimize and enhance positive experience, feelings, and overall well-being as a result of challenging experiences. The results indicated a new personality construct, which he called work orientation, characterized by "achievement, endurance, cognitive structure, order, play, and low impulsivity". A high level of work orientation in students is said to be a better predictor of grades and fulfillment of long-term goals than any school or household environmental influence.

Personal life
Csikszentmihalyi married Isabella Selega in 1961. He had two sons: Christopher Csíkszentmihályi, an artist and professor at Cornell University, and Mark Csikszentmihalyi, chair of the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of California, Berkeley.

Csikszentmihalyi died on 20 October 2021 of cardiac arrest, at his home in Claremont, California, at the age of 87.

Awards
In 2009, Csikszentmihalyi was awarded the Clifton Strengths Prize. He received the Széchenyi Prize at a ceremony in Budapest in 2011. He was awarded the Hungarian Order of Merit in 2014. He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a member of both the National Academy of Education and the Academy of Leisure Sciences.

Commemoration
On 29 September 2023, Csikszentmihalyi's 89th birthday was remembered with a Google Doodle. The Just Dance character Mihaly is named after Csikszentmihalyi.

Publications

 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1975). Beyond Boredom and Anxiety: Experiencing Flow in Work and Play, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 0-87589-261-2
 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1978) "Intrinsic Rewards and Emergent Motivation" in The Hidden Costs of Reward: New Perspectives on the Psychology of Human Motivation eds Lepper, Mark R; Greene, David, Erlbaum: Hillsdale: N.Y. 205–216
 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly and Halton, Eugene (1981). The Meaning of Things: Domestic Symbols and the Self, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-28774-X
 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly and Larson, Reed (1984). Being Adolescent: Conflict and Growth in the Teenage Years. New York: Basic Books, Inc. ISBN 0-465-00646-9
 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly and Csikszentmihalyi, Isabella Selega, eds. (1988). Optimal Experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34288-0
 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper and Row. ISBN 0-06-092043-2
 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1994). The Evolving Self, New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-092192-7
 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1996). Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention. New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-092820-4
 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1998). Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement With Everyday Life. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02411-4
 * Gardner, Howard, Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, and Damon, William (2001). Good Work: When Excellence and Ethics Meet. New York, Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02608-7
 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2003). Good Business: Leadership, Flow, and the Making of Meaning. Basic Books, Inc. ISBN 0-142-00409-X
 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2014). The Systems Model of Creativity: The Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-94-017-9084-0
 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2014). Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology: The Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-94-017-9087-1
 * Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2014). Applications of Flow in Human Development and Education: The Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-94-017-9093-2

title: Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi


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Tim McCoy

Timothy John Fitzgerald McCoy (April 10, 1891 – January 29, 1978) was an American actor, military officer, and expert on American Indian life. McCoy is most noted for his roles in B-grade Western films. As a popular cowboy film star, he had his picture on the front of a Wheaties cereal box.

Early years
Tim McCoy was born in Saginaw, Michigan, on April 10, 1891. His father was an Irish Union Civil War veteran and Police Chief. While attending St. Ignatius College (now Loyola University) McCoy saw a Wild West show that influenced him to purchase a one-way ticket west. He ended up in Lander, Wyoming, where he worked as a ranch hand. While there, he became an expert horseman and roper while developing an extensive knowledge of the customs and languages of the local American Indian tribes. McCoy was a renowned expert in Indian sign language and was named "High Eagle" by the Arapaho tribe of the Wind River reservation. He also competed in numerous rodeos.

Military career
McCoy enlisted as a soldier in the U.S. Army and served in the cavalry during World War I (although he did not serve in combat nor overseas). He served again in World War II in Europe, rising to the rank of colonel with the Army Air Corps and Army Air Forces. He also served as adjutant general of Wyoming between the wars with the brevet rank of brigadier general. At 28, he was one of the youngest brigadier generals in the history of the U.S. Army.

Early career
In 1922, David Townsend, president of the Mountain Plains Enterprise Film Company, planned to build "Sunshine Studios" at McCoy's Owl Creek Dude ranch in order to shoot a film titled, "The Dude Wrangler," written by Caroline Lockhart but the project was abandoned. That same year, he was asked by the head of Famous Players–Lasky, Jesse L. Lasky, to provide American Indian extras for the Western extravaganza, The Covered Wagon (1923). He brought hundreds of Indians to the Utah location and served as a technical advisor on the film. After filming was completed, McCoy was asked to bring a much smaller group of Indians to Hollywood, for a stage presentation preceding each showing of the film.

McCoy's stage show was popular, running eight months in Hollywood and several more months in London and Paris. McCoy returned to his Wyoming ranch, but Irving Thalberg of MGM soon signed him to a contract to star in a series of outdoor adventures and McCoy rose to stardom. His first MGM feature was War Paint (1926), featuring epic scenes of the Wind River Indians on horseback, staged by McCoy and director Woody Van Dyke. (Footage from |War Paint was reused in many low-budget Westerns, well into the 1950s.)

War Paint set the tone for future McCoy Westerns, in that Indians were always portrayed sympathetically, and never as bloodthirsty savages. One notable McCoy feature for MGM was The Law of the Range (1928), in which he starred with Joan Crawford. The coming of talking pictures, and the temporary inability to record sound outdoors, resulted in MGM terminating its Tim McCoy series and McCoy returning once more to his ranch. In 1929 he was summoned back to Hollywood personally by Carl Laemmle of Universal Pictures, who insisted that McCoy star in the first talking Western serial, The Indians Are Coming. The serial was very successful. Later, in 1932, McCoy starred in Two Fisted Law with John Wayne and Walter Brennan.

McCoy worked steadily in movies until 1936, when he left Hollywood, first to tour with the Ringling Brothers Circus and then with his own "wild west" show. The show was not a success; it was reported to have lost $300,000, $100,000 of which was McCoy's own money. It folded in Washington, D.C., and the cowboy performers were each given $5 and McCoy's thanks. The Indians on the show were returned to their respective reservations by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

McCoy was available for pictures again in 1938, and low-budget producers (including Maurice Conn and Sam Katzman) engaged him at his standard salary of $4,000 weekly, for eight films a year. In 1941 Buck Jones recruited McCoy to co-star in "The Rough Riders" series, alongside Jones and Raymond Hatton. The eight films, released by Monogram Pictures, were very popular, and might have continued but McCoy declined to renew his contract, opting to pursue other interests.

Interrupted by World War II
In 1942, McCoy ran for the Republican nomination for the open U.S. Senate Seat from Wyoming. During that campaign, he established the first statewide radio hookup in Wyoming broadcasting history. He lost in the primary and within 48 hours volunteered for active duty with the U.S. Army.

He had maintained his Army Reserve commission and was immediately accepted. McCoy spent the war in the U.S. Army and performed liaison work with the Army Air Forces in Europe, winning several decorations. He retired from the army, and reportedly never lived in Wyoming again. His Eagle's Nest ranch was sold. He retired from films after the war, except for a few cameo appearances much later.

Television host
McCoy hosted a KTLA television show in Los Angeles in 1952, titled The Tim McCoy Show, for children on weekday afternoons and Saturdays, in which he provided authentic history lessons on the Old West and showed his old Western movies. His co-host was the actor Iron Eyes Cody who, while of Italian lineage, played an American Indian both on and off screen. McCoy won a local Emmy but didn't attend to receive the award. He was competing against Webster Webfoot in the Best Children's Show category and refused to show up, saying "I'll be damned if I'm going to sit there and get beaten by a talking duck!"

Legacy
For his contribution to the film industry, McCoy was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 1973, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum. He was inducted into the Cowboy Hall of Fame in 1974.

On January 16, 2010, McCoy was inducted into the Hot Springs County (Wyoming) Hall of Fame. Accepting the honor on his behalf was his son, Terry. Included in the 2010 class were Governor Dave Freudenthal of the State of Wyoming, Chief Justice of the Wyoming Supreme Court Bart Voigt, former Wyoming state treasurer Stan Smith, and local high school teacher Karl Allen.

Personal life
McCoy married Agnes Miller, the daughter of stage actor and producer Henry Miller and actress Bijou Heron. Their marriage resulted in three children: son Gerald, daughter Margarita, and son D'Arcy. They were divorced in 1931, and McCoy kept a portion of the ranch holdings in Hot Springs County, Wyoming. Agnes McCoy was rewarded with that portion known as the Eagles Nest.

His second marriage was to Inga Arvad in 1947. They had two sons, Ronnie and Terry. McCoy was married to Arvad until her death from cancer in 1973. Arvad was a journalist from Denmark, investigated by the FBI in the early 1940s due to rumors that she was a Nazi spy; there were photographs of Arvad as a guest of Adolf Hitler at the 1936 Olympics, and she had twice interviewed him. This investigation included the wiretapping of Arvad during the time of an affair with John F. Kennedy in late 1941 into 1942. No evidence against Arvad was ever found.

Later years
In 1973, McCoy was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He also was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 1976, he was interviewed at length by author James Horwitz for the cowboy memoir They Went Thataway. McCoy's final, posthumous, appearance was in Hollywood (1980), Kevin Brownlow-David Gill's television history of silent films.

McCoy died on January 29, 1978, at the Raymond W. Bliss Army Medical Center of Ft. Huachuca in Sierra Vista, Arizona. He was cremated and his ashes returned to his Nogales home. Nine years later his remains, and those of his wife, Inga, who had died in 1973, were returned to his birthplace at Saginaw, Michigan, for burial in the Mount Olivet Cemetery next to his family's plot.

DVD

 * Col. Tim McCoy's The Silent Language of the Plains! RoundTop Records, LLC. Thermopolis, Wyoming
 * ISBN 978-0-9796970-1-2

title: Tim McCoy


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Quicklaw

LexisNexis Quicklaw is a Canadian electronic legal research database. It catalogues court decisions, news reports, provincial and federal statutes, journals, and other legal commentary. LexisNexis Quicklaw also offers a case citator and case digests. In 2002, Quicklaw was purchased by LexisNexis and is a subsidiary of LexisNexis Canada.

LexisNexis Quicklaw is often used by law students, lawyers, and law firms in Canada. In addition, the LexisNexis Quicklaw service includes citation tools to help law students, lawyers, and law firms validate the authority of cases, find summaries of judicial considerations, and pinpoint references.

title: Quicklaw


text:
Talk:Trier

Untitled
By the time Romulus Augustulus, last Roman Emperor in the West, was deposed by the Ostrogoths, the Vandals had conquered the province of Africa -- not Egypt, though -- Visigoths had by this time conquered the Iberian peninsula and the southern half of Gaul. The entire northern half of Roman Gaul, from Tours north, remained under Roman Administration for ten years after the deposure of Augustulus, until 486. After this, perhaps another ten years or more, approaching the start of the sixth century, deep within Germany actually only just east of what is now Luxumborg(1), the Roman people of Trier still remained autonomous. --T. Mc. 22:42, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC) (1) Location is from Encyclopaedia Brittanica, but has been replaced in this article by a map of the location by another contributor. --T. Mc. 04:26, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC) Wikipediea has an article by other contributors on this topic, Arbogast and a link for an unwritten article Arigius.T. Mc. 16:55, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Conquest of Trier in 5th ct
T.Mc., what you`ve written here is not true. The Conquest of Trier by germanic tribes was a process. It started when the imperial residence was transferred to Mediolanum/Milano in Italy in 395. In 400, the gaul prefecture/administration was transferred to Arles. The romans left Trier without protection. In 411/412, Trier was captured the first time, 427/28 the third time (no date of second conquest) by Franconians Around 458, Trier was conquered again. In 470 the roman count (lat: comes) of Trier had the name Arbogast, which is not a roman, but a franconian name. In 475, Trier and the region was definitely in posession of Franconians. Regards, EM

Trier remaining autonomous?
Tom, you wrote: "The entire northern half of Roman Gaul, from Tours north, remained under Roman Administration for ten years after the deposure of Augustulus, until 486. After this, perhaps another ten years or more, approaching the start of the sixth century, deep within Germany actually only just east of what is now Luxumborg(1), the Roman people of Trier still remained autonomous". Well, there was the Duchy of Syagrius until 486. But your conclusion is wrong, because your detail information is wrong. Your cardinal error is to believe, Trier was part of Syagrius roman Duchy. In fact, Trier was never part of this last roman remain in middle europe. Syagrius territorry lied mostly on today french territory (concentrated around the regions Ile de France and Normandie). The eastern border of Syagrius territory ended roundabout at the valley of the river Maas(or Meuse in french), east of Reims and the Somme River in the north, all this is miles west from Trier. During the time Syagrius was defeated by the frankish king Clovis, Trier already belonged to the frankish kingdom, called Francia in latin speaking sources, it did no longer belong to Gallia. There are dozens of good maps and books about it. By the way: There are some historians saying that the Syagrius Duchy is only a myth of later centuries, celebrating the last noble Mohican of Rome. But this is only theory. So, I don`t know why you insist on your error. You can`t rewrite history without having reliable sources. Emettlach 09:33, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Pronunciation
How is the name pronounced? 71.248.115.187 03:04, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

Tree air is how I remember it. chefantwon 216.153.166.70 19:27, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

In proper german there is a hiatus between the two syllables (Tri-er), but the vernacular pronounciation rhymes with "beer"

No, no it's "TRIE- A" I'm from Trier and you pronounce the "R" in Trier as "CH (german)". —Preceding unsigned comment added by Welovekes (talk • contribs) 16:27, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

The pronounciation is best described as rhyming with beer (treer for that matter). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.9.222.120 (talk) 19:52, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

Capital of the Roman Empire?
The statement about being the capital of the Roman Empire is highly dubious; I suppose it is a typo for the Holy Roman Empire (which was neither Roman not an empire), but I could not find evidence of it either in the articles about the HRE. Can anyone shed light on this? I put a citationneeded tag but did not erase the claim (yet). 193.175.53.21 (talk) 14:47, 24 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Hi. The statement is true. Trier was imperial residence and capital of the (north-) westroman empire for a decade around the year 300 AC. AFAIK it became imperial residence in 293. Google will give you a lot of citations. Regards --Andreas.husch (talk) 22:27, 8 December 2008 (UTC)
 * By any definition, the HRE was an empire. But that's not the topic here. In the West, Roman emperors did not reside in Rome after the Severan dynasty, for the most part. They resided with some large army headquarters to be at the center of defense against the barbarians. While Marcus Aurelius spent much of his life on the frontier, officially he kept Rome as the capitol.104.169.41.8 (talk) 17:14, 1 October 2018 (UTC)

St. Helena as Resident of Trier
While legend has that the Helena of Constantinople had the Holy Tunic sent to Trier, there is nothing to suggest she even visited Trier, let alone resided in it.--Texas Whitt (talk) 07:19, 27 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Helena followed Constantine to his court in Trier after his promotion to emperor in 306 (from German Wikipedia article on Helena).
 * She was also involved in the foundation of the Cathedral of Trier. It is supposed that the cathedral is build on Helenas former palace rooms.
 * Helena not just brought the Holy Tunic to Trier, but also the remains of Apostle Saint Matthias.Nachtschicht (talk) 18:02, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

Charles V as Resident of Trier
There is no mention on the Charles V Charles Quint page that he was a resident of Trier. Shouldn't Wikipedia be internally self consistent? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.147.209.238 (talk) 05:47, 9 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Charles V might have visited Trier but didn't "reside" there for a longer period. I deleted him from the residents list- Nachtschicht (talk) 20:45, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

Oldest City in Germany?
So, I was skimming about the Worms, Germany page and it said that this, Worms, and Cologne are the three oldest cities in Germany. Anyway, Trier was founded in 16(Or 18?) BC, yet Cologne was founded in 38 BC, 20/22 years earlier. Can someone confirm and edit this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.59.32.96 (talk) 02:36, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I think this is perhaps explained at History of Cologne - the settlement was founded in 38 (or 39?) BC, but Cologne only acquired city status in 50 AD, after Trier. --David Edgar (talk) 07:55, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

Also in this subject, Worms was founded two years before Trier, and thus Trier is not the oldest city in Germany. 176.21.47.49 (talk) 18:08, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Trier


text:
Talk:The Song of the Stormy Petrel

Translator's note
---

Translator's note: I took 2 1/2 years the Russian as an undergrad, and read Gorki in translation while in High School. The first work of native, unadulterated Russian I ever read was The Song of the Stormy Petrel. For no real reason, I decided to read it again, and ... wrote the wikipedia article. Thus the translation is GFDL. Despite its revolutionary nature, I am vehemently anti-communist. Deal with it.

One translation I read on the 'Net used the word sable where Gorki used the common Russian adjective черный meaning black. To me, weird. I did not like this, as if the translator was trying to sound overly "poetic."

Any resemblance to other translations is accidental — I alone am responsible for this translation, for any good language, and for the bad. Doubtless others will improve on me. My Russian is at best imperfect.

And the translation is not perfect; as the Russian original makes clear. I tried to preserve the original meanings (and a little of the poetry) as much as possible without saying anything too awful. Much of the original poetry is unavoidably lost.

dino talk

---

Burevestnik in Dal's Dictionary
In regard to the debate as to what Gorky exactly meant by burevestnik (conventionally translated by "storm petrel"), a quotation from Dal's Dictionary, Russia's favorite dictionary in Maxim Gorky's time, would not be amiss. Dal would give the following definition of burevestnik (as part of the article Burya ["storm"]):

 * Бурныя птицы, буревестники, близкие чайкам, Procellariae; держатся в открытом море. Альбатрос, тогак, капский баран, Diomeda exulans, самая большая водяная птица. Буревестник большой, Procell. gigantea, черноватый, с гуся (тропический) Б. Северный, Р. glacialis, меньше утки. Качурка, P. pelagica, мал, серо-бурый.

That is,

 * The birds of storm, burevestniks, similar to seagulls, Procellariae; they stay over the open ocean. Albatross, togak, Cape ram, Diomeda exulans, the [world's] largest aquatic bird. The greater burevestnik, Procellaria gigantea, backish, size of a goose (tropical) . The northern burevestnik, P. glacialis, smaller than a duck. Kachurkas, P. pelagica, small[er?], grayish-brown.

As we can see from the above, an educated Russian reader of Gorky's time (one with all 4 volumes of Dal's dictionary on his bookshelf) would understand burevestnik as an oceanic "bird of storm". The word was used as a generic term for multiple species (family Procellariidae), and the dictionary would illustrate it with such examples (presumably, better-known species) as
 * Diomedea exulans = Wandering Albatross
 * Procellaria gigantea = Macronectes giganteus = Southern Giant Petrel
 * Procellaria glacialis = Fulmarus glacialis = Northern Fulmar
 * Procellaria pelagica = European Storm Petrel (more specifically known as kachurka in Russian)

-- Vmenkov (talk) 17:42, 27 October 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:The Song of the Stormy Petrel


text:
Mahadev Govind Ranade

Rao Bahadur Mahadev Govind Ranade (18 January 1842–16 January 1901), popularly referred to as Nyayamurti Ranade (lit. Justice Ranade), was an Indian scholar, social reformer, judge and author. He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress party and held several designations such as Member of The Bombay Legislative Council and Member of The Finance Committee at the centre. He was also a judge of the Bombay High Court, Maharashtra.

As a well known public figure, his personality as a calm and patient optimist influenced his attitude towards dealings with Britain as well as reform in India. During his life, he helped establish the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, Maharashtra Granthottejak Sabha and Prarthana Samaj. He also edited a Bombay Anglo-Marathi daily paper—The Induprakash, founded on his ideology of social and religious reform.

He was accorded the title of Rao Bahadur.

Early life and family
Mahadev Govind Ranade was born into a Chitpavan Brahmin family in Niphad, a taluka town in Nashik district. He studied in a Marathi school in Kolhapur and later shifted to an English-medium school. At the age of 14, he studied at Elphinstone College, Bombay. He belonged to the first batch of students at the University of Bombay. In 1862, he obtained a B.A. degree in history & economics, and in 1864 an M.A. in history. Three years later, he obtained his L.L.B. (law degree) in 1866.

Judge
After obtaining his L.L.B., Ranade became a subordinate judge in Pune in 1871. Given his political activities and public popularity, the British colonial authorities delayed his promotion to the Bombay High Court until 1895.

Social activism
Ranade was a progressive social activist whose activities were deeply influenced by western culture and the colonial state. His activities ranged from religious reform to public education and reform within the Indian family. In every area, he was prone to see little virtue in Indian customs and traditions and to strive for reforming the subject into the mould of what prevailed in the west. He himself summarized the mission of the Indian Social Reform Movement as being to "Humanize, Equalize and Spiritualize," the implication being that existing Indian society lacked these qualities.

Prarthana Samaj
Ranade joined the Prarthana Samaj, a religious and social reform organization, in 1867, and the Poona Prarthana Samaj in 1869. Historians have regarded Ranade as an intellectual leader in the movement. Ranade was influenced by Bishop Joseph Butler in linking the social justice work of the Prarthama Samaj with Christian metaphysics.

Female Emancipation
His efforts to "Humanize and Equalize" Indian society found its primary focus in women. He campaigned against the 'purdah system' (keeping women behind the veil). He was a founder of the Social Conference movement, which he supported till his death, directing his social reform efforts against child marriage, the tonsure of widows, the heavy cost of weddings and other social functions and the caste restrictions on travelling abroad. He strenuously advocated widow remarriage and female education. In 1861, when he was still a teenager, Ranade co-founded the 'Widow Marriage Association'. It promoted marriage for Hindu widows and acted as native compradors for the colonial government's project of passing a law permitting such marriages. He chose to take prayaschitta (religious penance) in the Panch-Houd Mission Case rather than insisting on his opinions.

Girls' education
In 1885, Ranade along with Vaman Abaji Modak and historian Dr. R. G. Bhandarkar established the Maharashtra Girls Education Society to start Huzurpaga, the oldest girls' high school in India. The school was established in the former stable yard of the Bajirao I Peshwa in Narayan Peth, Pune.

Personal life
Ranade was in his 30s when his first wife died. His family wanted him to remarry, especially since he had no children. His reformer friends expected him, who had co-founded the 'Widow Marriage Association' as far back as 1861, to act in accordance with his own sermons and marry a widow. However, Ranade yielded to his family's wishes and conformed with convention to marry Ramabai, a girl who was barely eleven years old and twenty years younger to him. Ramabai was born in 1862, nearly a year after Ranade had founded his 'Widow Marriage Association'. He acceded to the marriage because he anticipated that if he married an already wedded woman, the children born to her would be considered illegitimate outcasts by his society. The irony of the affair is that while Ranade faced ridicule and accusations of hypocrisy, his ardent wish remained unfulfilled: his second marriage also remained childless.

The wedding was held in full compliance with tradition and was a happy one. Ramabai was a daughter of the Kurlekar family, which belonged to the same caste and social strata as Ranade. The couple had a completely harmonious and conventional marriage. Ranade ensured that his wife receive education, something that she was not keen about initially. However, like all Indian women of that era, she complied with her husband's wishes and grew into her new life. After Ranade's death, Ramabai Ranade continued the social and educational reform work initiated by him.

Published works

 * ; reprinted in 1999 as ISBN 81-7117-181-8
 * ; reprinted by CHIZINE PUBN as ISBN 9781340345037
 * ; reprinted by CHIZINE PUBN as ISBN 9781340345037
 * ; reprinted by CHIZINE PUBN as ISBN 9781340345037

In popular culture
A television series on Zee Marathi named Unch Majha Zoka (roughly translated as 'My Swing Flies High') based on Ramabai's and Mahadevrao's life and their development as a 'women's rights' activist was broadcast in March 2012. It was based on a book by Ramabai Ranade titled Amachyaa Aayushyaatil Kaahi Aathavani. In the book, Justice Ranade is called "Madhav" rather than Mahadev. The series had actors Vikram Gaikwad as Mahadev Govind Ranade and Spruha Joshi as Ramabai Ranade..

title: Mahadev Govind Ranade


text:
Ranade

Ranade is a family name, common among the Chitpavan Brahmin community in Western Maharashtra, India.

Ranade family originated from Bhatgaon, Guhagar Ratnagiri.[2]

Each year Ranade family celebrates Mahashivratri utsav at Asud, Vyaghreshwar Near Dapoli, Ratnagiri [3].

Notable people
Notable people with the surname include:

 * Mahadev Govind Ranade (1842–1901) – Indian scholar, social reformer and author
 * Ramabai Ranade (1862–1924) – Indian women's rights activist, Mahadev Ranade's wife
 * Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade (1886–1957) – scholar of Indian philosophy
 * Eknath Ranade (1914–1982) – Indian activist
 * Mohan Ranade (born 1929) – Indian freedom fighter
 * Sadashiv Ranade (1912–?) – Indian biographer, historian and genealogist
 * Savkaar Krishnaji Ranade (1860-1935) - a prominent banker(savkaar) hailing from Wai. The family controlled many acres of land around the prominent town of brahmins

title: Ranade


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/El Morya

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 14:43, 16 Mar 2005 (UTC)

El Morya
New Age religious figure, presented as fact. Is there a larger new age section for this to be merged into? Bezthomas 04:31, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * How about Ascended Master? Bezthomas 04:37, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unencyclopaedic POV nonsense - "lord of the FIRST RAY (Blue Ray) Morya came to Earth as a guardian from the planet Mercury". Megan1967 04:38, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, whatever this is it is not rubbish. Koot Hoomi and the 1st ray all link to the teachings of Alice Bailey. People do genuinely believe in this stuff. If not merge into ascended masters but it would be wrong to delete this article as rubbish or the overactive imagination of one individual. 12,600 google hits, confirming the correctness of the article--SqueakBox 18:43, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have changed my mind because this is a copy vio of so delete. --SqueakBox 18:49, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't know how to do a copy vio so have rewritten the article to solve that problem. If someone improved my stub it might be worth keeping, otherwise delete. --SqueakBox 18:55, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * What you do with copyvio is either delete it, or rewrite it as such. I believe you've done the latter, so that's pretty much ok.
 * I've heard of this before; it is in fact an existing (if rather small) religion. I'd say merge & redirect as I'm not sure how many First Ray Figures there are. Radiant! 19:41, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Avondale Heights

Avondale Heights is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 11 km north-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Moonee Valley local government area. Avondale Heights recorded a population of 12,388 at the 2021 census.

Avondale Heights is located on a plateau bounded by a large bend of the Maribyrnong River to the east, south, and west, and to the north by Buckley Street.

The suburb derives its name from the Avondale Estate. Originally known as Maribyrnong West, when the Council undertook to change the name, postal authorities drew attention to the existence of Avondale in Queensland. The suburb was therefore called Avondale Heights to distinguish it from the Queensland town.

Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin prepared plans for part of the area: Milleara Estate in the north (also known as City View) in the 1920s. One objective of their design was to remake suburbia and society. They did this through creating internal gardens where communities could both physically and socially bind together. They imagined children's playgrounds, social centres, nature reserves and links with an intricate system of pedestrian ways. Interviewed in Melbourne in 1913, Griffin spoke of internal reserves as: "...favourite playgrounds. Here all the children from the different houses can play together, where their mothers can see them, and where they are safe from the motor traffic in the streets."

The streets are designed in a curvilinear way typical of Griffin's design, often following the topography of the land.

There is only one main road – Military Road which runs from Canning Street and Maribyrnong Road, then becoming Milleara Road at the Avondale Heights Police Station. There are about 40 shops at the Canning Street end (including Raglan Street) and 20 at the other end, near the St Martin De Porres Primary School.

History
Prior to European colonisation of Melbourne, the Wurundjeri Aboriginal people of the Kulin nation moved through the area. Evidence has been found of human occupation for at least 18,000 years. On 10 October 1940, James White dug up an ancient human skull (now known as the Keilor Cranium) on the banks of the Maribyrnong River. This skull has been found to be between 8,000 and 15,800 years old.

In 1803 Charles Grimes, the New South Wales Surveyor General, sailed up the Yarra River in the Buffalo and sent a rowing boat to explore the 'Saltwater River', as the Maribyrnong was then called. The rowing boat reached a rocky, shallow area now known as Solomon's Ford, and could go no further.

In 1835 with the initial settlement of Melbourne, Edmund Davis Fergusson and Michael Solomon established a pastoral holding in the Avondale-Sunshine area. On Solomon's sheep station the ford, now at the west end of Canning Street, soon became known as Solomon's Ford. This was the lowest crossing point on the Saltwater (Maribyrnong) River, and was for many years the only overland route from Melbourne to Geelong and further west. The MMBW reconstructed the ford and the riverbanks nearby in the 1980s, adding large basalt boulders to form stepping stones across the river. Today this ford is one of the last remaining fords in the Melbourne metropolitan area.

During World War I the Canning Street bridge was known as Cordite Bridge as it led to the Department of Defence Explosives Factory. A password was necessary to cross the bridge during the war. During World War II a night curfew was imposed on the river and a boom was put into place to hinder access.

Tourists from Melbourne were attracted to the area with the construction of the elaborate and popular Riverview Tea Gardens in 1909. These grew to include sportsgrounds, kiosks, a dance hall and aviaries. Guests stopped here on their pleasure cruises, and the venue reached the height of its popularity in the 1920s-1930s. The Tea Gardens were closed during World War II and fell into disrepair. Nothing of them remains today, but the riverfront area is still used for recreation, having become Tea Gardens Reserve.

During the 1930s the district was subdivided into small dairy and cattle farms, with some poultry farming. Even into the 1960s market gardens and small dairy farms operated in the area. In the late 1960s housing development changed the area into a residential suburb with views of Melbourne city from the plateau. The Avondale Heights Post Office opened on 9 December 1957 as the suburb developed (A Maribyrnong West office had been open between 1943 and 1947).

It was announced in 2008 that Avondale Heights was set to experience its largest urbanisation initiative since the formation of the area as a suburb. This was due to the sale of the old Kangan Batman TAFE site to private investors, to develop medium density housing. On 26 May 2015, Moonee Valley City Council issued a planning permit for 135 new homes.

Transport
Four bus routes service the suburb:

 *  406 Footscray – East Keilor via Victoria University, Highpoint SC, Avondale Heights (every day). Operated by CDC Melbourne.
 *  407 Highpoint SC – Avondale Heights via Milleara Mall SC (Monday to Saturday). Operated by CDC Melbourne.
 *  465 Essendon – Keilor Park via Buckley Street, Milleara SC, Keilor East (every day). Operated by Ryan Brothers Bus Service.
 *  903 Altona – Mordialloc SC via Essendon, Northland SC, Box Hill, Chadstone SC (every day). Operated by Kinetic Melbourne.

Cyclists and walkers have easy access to the Maribyrnong River Trail along the Maribyrnong River.

There is no tram route through Avondale Heights - the closest is the route 57 tram which ends in Maribyrnong.

Sport

 * Avondale Heights has an Australian Rules football team playing in the Essendon District Football League.
 * Avondale Heights Soccer Club play in the National Premier League of VictoriaAvondale Heights.jpg
 * Avondale Heights Cricket Team
 * Avondale Heights Basketball Team named the 'Flying Sparrows' after long time great basketballer player Michael Jordan.
 * Avondale Raiders Basketball Team, a Junior Basketball Club in the Keilor Basketball Association

Notable residents

 * Shane Jacobson, actor, director, writer and comedian
 * Matthew Lloyd, Ex AFL footballer, Essendon
 * Frederick Valentich, a pilot who disappeared over Bass Strait in 1978
 * Borce Ristevski, who was found guilty of the manslaughter of his wife, Karen Ristevski in 2016

title: Avondale Heights


text:
Popular Favorites 1976–1992: Sand in the Vaseline

Popular Favorites 1976–1992: Sand in the Vaseline is a two-disc compilation album released by Talking Heads in 1992. It contains two previously unreleased demo recordings ("Sugar on My Tongue," "I Want to Live"), a non-album A-side ("Love → Building on Fire") and B-side ("I Wish You Wouldn't Say That") and three newly finished songs ("Gangster of Love," "Lifetime Piling Up" and "Popsicle"). The latter three tracks were all based on unreleased outtakes from previous studio sessions and had been finished for exclusive release on this compilation.

The album was also available as a three-disc LP set at the time of release.

The album's title and cover art incorporated the 1974 painting by Ed Ruscha, Sand in the Vaseline.


text:
Alfa TV

Alfa TV was a former pay television service available in Cyprus, that broadcast sports and children's programming as well as the odd film. It was owned by Alfa TV Ltd. and was launched in 1998. Alfa TV was one of only 2 pay-TV services in Cyprus, the other being Lumiere TV with whom Alfa TV had a programming agreement. Some of the programs on Alfa TV were broadcast incorporation with well-known pay-TV channels, and specifically with those of MultiChoice (CineMagic, SuperSport and K-T.V.).

It was broadcast over the air, together with Lumiere TV, on several platforms, like CytaVision, with an extra fee. Repeaters had been set up across the country that enabled more than 80% of the population to receive those services. Alfa TV was available on the Nova Cyprus platform but due to a financial dispute with the provider, the channel was removed and signed on with rival Athina Sat in July 2006. It was also available through IPTV providers CytaVision & PrimeTel.

As of March 3, 2008, Alfa TV returned to NOVA Cyprus following a new agreement whilst Athina Sat, had ceased operations. During the summer of 2011, the channel, was expected to be renamed to STAR Channel. The owner and former member of the parliament, Sokratis Chasikos, hired the former head manager of ANT1 Cyprus, Giorgos Tsalakos, as head manager. The contract with LTV ended in May and was not renewed.

Sports
Alfa TV featured sports programming from Cyprus and around the world, as some of them were broadcast in corporation with SuperSport. Sports coverage included live action from NBA, WNBA, UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, WWE Bottom Line, World Rally Championship, NASCAR and Champ Car World Series. In addition, Alfa TV had extensive coverage of championship football including matches from the following leagues: Super League, Premier League, Serie A, German Bundesliga and Portuguese Primeira Liga. Alfa TV also covered other events such as horse racing from the Nicosia Racing Club, tennis, boxing, bowling, billiards, rodeo, golf and extreme sports. Shows regarding sports would include:

Children's
Initially, Alfa TV would broadcast children's programs incorporation with K-T.V. At a time the latter network would collapse, Kids TV, its spiritual successor, was formed. Independently managed, it would air Warner Bros. and Nickelodeon cartoons. Coincidentally, K-T.V. in South Africa would also air Nickelodeon programming.

title: Alfa TV


text: Talk:HMS Neptune (1797)

title: Talk:HMS Neptune (1797)


text:
Arthur Ranc

Arthur Ranc (20 December 1831 – 10 August 1908) was a French left-wing politician and writer.

Born in Poitiers, Vienne, he was educated for the law. Implicated in a plot against Napoleon III in 1853, he was acquitted, but shortly afterwards was imprisoned for belonging to a secret society; for his share in anti-imperialist conspiracies in 1855 he was arrested and deported to Algeria without a trial. The amnesty of 1859 permitted him to return to Paris, where he soon drew the attention of the police to his presence by his violent articles.

During the siege of Paris he left the city in a balloon and joined Gambetta, for whom he organized a system of spies through which General Trochu was kept informed of the strength and disposition of the Prussians around Paris. He was elected to the National Assembly in February 1871, but resigned rather than subscribe to the peace. He had been elected mayor of the 9th arrondissement of Paris in the autumn of 1870, and in March was sent by the same district to the Commune, from which he resigned when he found no reconciliation was possible between the mayors and the Commune. In July he became a member of the municipal council of Paris, and in 1873 was returned to the National Assembly for the department of the Rhône, and took his place on the extreme Left.

A month after his election the governor of Paris demanded his prosecution for his share in the Commune. The claim being granted by a large majority, he escaped to Belgium, where he issued a pamphlet defending his action during the Commune. On his failure to appear before the court he was condemned to death, and remained in Belgium until 1879, when he was included in the amnesty proclaimed by Grevy. During his exile he continued his active collaboration in La Republique francaise. In 1873 he fought a duel with Paul de Cassagnac, and he acted as second to Georges Clemenceau more than once. He energetically defended the republic against the Boulangist agitation, and took an equally courageous part in the Dreyfus affair. In the Picquart-Henry duel he was second to Colonel Picquart. He succeeded Clemenceau as editor of the Aurore, in which Zola's open letter J'Accuse…! had appeared, and was president of the Association of Republican Journalists. In 1903 he became senator for Corsica, and died in August 1908.

In addition to his purely political writings, Arthur Ranc published political novels of the Second Empire, Sous l'empire (1872) and Le roman d'une conspiration (1868).

title: Arthur Ranc


text:
Category:Legal research

This category contains articles regarding sources of legal research, including journals, textbooks, and popular research services.

lt:Kategorija:Teisės mokslai

title: Category:Legal research


text: Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Featured log/March 2005


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jason Frost & the Love Junkies

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. Carrp | Talk 03:43, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Jason Frost & the Love Junkies
Here we go again. Notability is, at the very least, unverifiable. No entry at allmusic.com, Google turns up mostly bogus press releases and the like, and there has been repeated vandalism on the related VfD pages. Delete. Android79 04:58, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete along with all the others. Gamaliel 05:00, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, along with lower case redirect. Postdlf 06:07, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Once again, Delete DaveTheRed 06:23, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, please... Nick04 08:47, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Hasn't this already been on vfd at least once. If so, can it be speedied. If not, delete because it fails to meet Wiki music project guidelines. Capitalistroadster 11:07, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * If it was, I can't find it, but WP is being slooow for me today, stuff keeps timing out. Anyone else want to verify this? Android79 13:31, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * See WikiProject Music/Notability and Music Guidelines. If he had released at least two albums on Sub Pop, for example, or if he was the most prominent member of the early 90s Olympia scene, then he would meet the criteria, but this article doesn't claim either of those things. Tuf-Kat 22:19, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, sorry, my brain was turned off. You were asking for verification that this had been on VfD before, not that it didn't meet the guidelines.  AFAIK, this article is new to the Wikipedia, though there are several articles on related bands and the like currently nominated for deletion.  If there had ever been an article on Jason Frost & the Love Junkies, it was under a different name. Tuf-Kat 22:22, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for not meeting notability in music guidelines. Tuf-Kat 12:59, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete along with all the others. Can't this be dealt with as vandalism?  --BM 16:49, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not enough notable references. Zzyzx11 18:35, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vote remains unchanged for the third time. Megan1967 03:00, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with extreme prejudice. Someone keeps adding this. Jason Frost, Love Junkies, Blue Moon and Company, etc. Articles and links in Grunge rock. Utterly non-notable. Doesn't the speedy-delete criterion about recreating a deleted article apply even if the name keeps changing? -- Jmabel | Talk 01:32, Mar 5, 2005 (UTC)

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text:
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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:00, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Franks~enwiki


text:
User talk:DWehner

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello DWehner! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 07:58, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Lois T. Henderson -

title: User talk:DWehner


text:
User talk:Banjobarry

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

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Image copyright problem with Image:El_morya2.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:El_morya2.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

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title: User talk:Banjobarry


text:
User:Thraeryn

I'm Tim Thræryn. I like tequila, women, movies, and music. I hate everything2. Boy, I sure do hate it. Hate, hate, hate.

Contributions (few and far between)
Kapsules

title: User:Thraeryn


text:
User talk:Grebmar

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

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I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop a note at New user log.

-- Utcursch | Talk to me

Your submission at Articles for creation: Angela Flournay (January 14)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by SwisterTwister was:

Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved.

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SwisterTwister  talk  19:23, 14 January 2016 (UTC)

Draft:Angela Flournay concern
Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Draft:Angela Flournay, a page you created, has not been edited in 5 months. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace.

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Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) 01:31, 15 June 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Grebmar


text:
Aaron Stanford

Aaron Stanford (born December 27, 1976) is an American actor known for his roles as Pyro in X2, X-Men: The Last Stand and Deadpool & Wolverine, and Doug in the 2006 remake of The Hills Have Eyes. From 2010 to 2013, he starred as Birkhoff in Nikita. He has also starred as James Cole on the television series 12 Monkeys, based on the 1995 film of the same name.

Early life and education
Stanford was born in Westford, Massachusetts, the son of Judith (née Dupras), an English professor, and Don Stanford, who works in publishing. His brother David is a musician. Stanford attended Westford Academy in Westford Massachusetts for high school and met his first acting teacher there. He initially attended SUNY Purchase, but transferred to Rutgers University Mason Gross School of Arts. He graduated in 2000, magna cum laude.

Career
Stanford's first major film role was in the low-budget indie film Tadpole (2002), in which he portrays Oscar Grubman, a precocious 15-year-old with a crush on his stepmother, played by Sigourney Weaver. For this performance he earned a nomination for the Golden Satellite Award. In 2001 and 2002 he appeared multiple times on the television series Third Watch as Russian teen Sergei. In the same year he was named as one of Daily Variety's "Top Ten Actors to Watch" and included on Entertainment Weekly's "It List". In 2004 he appeared in Christopher Shinn's play Where Do We Live at the Vineyard Theatre. Stanford also starred as Anthony LaPaglia's son in the 2004 film Winter Solstice.

Director Bryan Singer was impressed with Stanford's performance in Tadpole, and cast him as Pyro in the 2003 blockbuster X2, a sequel to X-Men. He continued the role in the third installment, X-Men: The Last Stand, released in May 2006. Both movies are based on the Marvel Comics series X-Men. Stanford is set to reprise the role of Pyro in the 2024 Marvel Studios film  Deadpool & Wolverine. Stanford also starred in ABC's midseason replacement Traveler, a drama about two friends who believe they are set up by their good friend (Stanford) in order to make them look like the conspirators of a terrorist attack.

Stanford appeared in the 2006 remake of Wes Craven's The Hills Have Eyes. He also won the "One To Watch" award at the 2006 Young Hollywood Awards. And in that same year, he starred in the New Hampshire–based comedy, Live Free or Die, playing a wannabe tough-guy criminal named John Rudgate. Aaron also was the voice actor for Pvt. Polonsky in Call of Duty: World at War. In 2009, he played a troubled poker genius in a season eight episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent, as well as Horace Cook Jr. in an episode of AMC's acclaimed show Mad Men. In 2010, he joined the CW's Nikita as Birkhoff. His character from the film The Hills Have Eyes appears in the 2012 video game Call of Duty: Black Ops II via Zombies Mode.

Stanford played the lead role of James Cole in the television adaptation of the movie 12 Monkeys, which premiered January 2015 on Syfy. He also was cast in the AMC series Fear the Walking Dead as the recurring character Jim, first appearing in the episode that aired on August 26, 2018.

title: Aaron Stanford


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David E. Ritch

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus, so keep. Deathphoenix 01:55, 16 Mar 2005 (UTC)

David E. Ritch
He received some 550 letters of congratulation for that, most of which said it was the best deserved honour the person had ever seen. It was the only investiture singled out for publication in the newspaper, even pictures of the Governor's CMG were not in the paper and he has an article on wikipedia chronicling his career. If you understood the amount of change that has gone on in Cayman in the last 25 years, you would know why the work he has done for the community and the Government is considered so significant. Gave up millions of dollars of his professional time to do this work. There are articles which are much more useless that you could be spending your time on. A lot of these VfD articles are bands without a record! Anyway, I'm really tiring of arguing with you conventionalist hawks. You prowl the VfD page, chanting and rechanting 'what Wikipedia is not,' and defining notability from your basement, and I'm just tired of it. I resign the fate of this discussion to the admin who reviews it. Travis Ritch Update Ok, I've changed it. Tell me where I went wrong. Travisritch 18:18, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable, vanity. Darkcore 04:49, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * How come an intelligent fellow like this missed the part about "please don't write about yourself?" Speaking of "please:"   Please delete this with the proverbial extreme prejudice. - Lucky 6.9 05:47, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * He didn't write about himself. A quick google shows that Travis Ritch is his son. Average Earthman 10:32, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, sounds notable, especially within the context of the Cayman Islands. "(firm he founded) was at one point the second-largest Caymanian-owned firm on the island.", received "Quincentennial Lifetime Achievement Award for Law", and an OBE. Kappa 09:23, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, just under the bar of notability, possible family vanity. Megan1967 03:02, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. All of you who have just voted delete, please do the following: 1) Open a new browser window  2) Navigate to http://www.yahoo.com  3) Type in the following: "David Ritch Cayman Islands"  4) Proceed to scroll through the pages of content about him.  Had anyone else written this article, it would not be considered for deletion.  Take off your butcher hats, please.  I am very proud of my family but this alone is no grounds to delete the article.  Anyone who earns a lifetime achievement award is notable.  Call the LGB or the Governor up and ask them if they know who he is.  He's represented the Cayman Islands at the EU Court of First Instance for heaven's sake.  I know this all looks very self-important to a discerning panel of editors like yourselves but I ask you not to frame this in the sense that it is just a son putting his father on a pedestal - someone would have written this article eventually.  In other words - exercise restraint and reconsider please.  Travisritch 18:09, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * If "someone would have written this article eventually", then you should allow that someone else to do so. Wikipedia articles must present a neutral point of view.  We have learned that hard way that this is very difficult - to the point of being impossible - when a person writes about themselves or when a close family member writes the article.  I believe that Wikipedia:No autobiographies applies.  Reluctant delete.  Rossami (talk) 23:31, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. All of this is publicly available, factual, and provable with no more than a quick internet search.  You will also note that there is not a single statement of opinion in the article.  I would ask you to consider what I have written and not who has written it.  Also I would note that Darkcore, who nominated this article for deletion, has been quarreling with me for quite some time on another matter.  You were stressing the importance of a NPOV? Travisritch 01:57, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Umm... this has nothing to do with old, old discussions (which I would hardly call quarreling) regarding the Upper Canada College article, where you were quick to infuse your pro-UCC propaganda. By the way, I was not the only person involved there. Travisritch, you really need to get over yourself. Darkcore 01:56, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * You only have to look at the Talk page for the 2004 article to see that a number of people find the heavy use of titles to be POV. Also phrases such as 'His accomplishments have earned him great respect in the islands' tend to be viewed as too subjective for an encyclopedia. Personally, I feel receiving an OBE is a sign of notability, but I'd need the article to be edited for tone in some sections. Average Earthman 11:18, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Granted, although that isn't really a matter of opinion.  You will find similar phrasing in many sources if you use a search engine from "Mr. Ritch is a self-styled known quantity when it comes to holding public office" to "one of the best commercial lawyers on the island."  If it has to be edited to remain, I'd be willing to do that.  Also, encyclopedias need to provide current and complete information.  Just because he is a private citizen does not mean the use of his post-nominal titles is POV. Are we approaching a concensus here? Travisritch 01:52, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * No. A Google search of "David E. Ritch" brings 29 hits, at least 4 of which are from Wikipedia. A similar search of "David Ritch" "Cayman Islands" reveals less than 100 hits, most of which are lists (and not articles about him). In any other situation, that would fall under the bar of notability, regardless of how well regarded he may be in the Cayman Islands. Doing a search on my own lawyer revealed more hits than that, and he does not have a Wikipedia article (nor would I feel compelled to write one about him). Darkcore 02:09, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * A powerful argument, to be sure. But, a gaping hole emerges: by that logic, ANYONE who hits high is a notable person!  Notability is not defined by clout.  Does Paris Hilton have an OBE?  That is the whole point of the Honours system and more specifically the Order of the British Empire, which was created to honour notable private citizens across the Commonwealth.  And what's with the perjorative comment about Cayman?  It has world famous tourism, prominence amongst the remaining colonies, the 5th largest financial center in the world, etc. etc.  Lastly, I'd just like to say, that this page is by far much less nonsensical, better written, and more deserving of being kept than the large majority of articles posted on VfD. Travisritch 02:30, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * My comment was hardly pejorative; calm down. We aren't talking about the Cayman Islands anyway. I personally don't feel that his receiving an OBE makes him deserving of an article, but that is my own opinion. Darkcore 03:20, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid this falls under my notability bar, and as such, delete. Radiant! 10:24, Mar 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral . I suspect it could be rewritten as much less of a vanity piece/CV and focus on what establishes notability. Try starting with a strong lead paragraph. If you think you've salvaged it, drop me a note and I might vote to keep it. The way it reads now, it looks just below the bar. -- Jmabel | Talk 01:36, Mar 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. Now there is something there to suggest why this person is notable. Unfortunately, it still reads too much like a CV and there is not enough about the notable aspects of this person. Still, I think there is enough there to establish potential for an encycolopedia article, so keep on the same basis we would keep a good stub. -- Jmabel | Talk 18:39, Mar 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Rewrite first. This article needs to be greatly changed by an outside user in order to keep a NPOV. Travisritch, we understand your beliefs about your father. However, right now as the article stands, it seems like a brag/vanity page. So, if someone is willing to change, and make it sutiable for inclusion, then I shall vote a Keep. If the article is not rewritten, then Delete. Bratsche(talk) 02:18, Mar 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Update I've cleaned up the article a lot, and resolved some of the above issues. Take a look. Bratsche (talk) 13:19, Mar 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oops, never changed my vote after the work done on the article. Keep. Bratsche (talk) 04:05, Mar 11, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Pat Mahoney

Patrick Morgan (Pat) Mahoney, (January 20, 1929 – June 8, 2012) was a Canadian judge, politician, lawyer and businessman.

Mahoney was first elected to parliament in the 1968 election as the Liberal Member of Parliament for Calgary South. A Liberal in a province and city not known for electing Liberal politicians, Mahoney rode the wave of Trudeaumania to defeat Progressive Conservative incumbent Harold Raymond Ballard by 756 votes.

In 1970, he became parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Finance. He held that position until January 1972, when Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau promoted him to Cabinet as a minister of state.

Mahoney's promotion was not enough for him to save his seat in the subsequent 1972 election, and he went down to defeat at the hands of Tory rival Peter Bawden, losing by more than 16,000 votes. In 2011, Mahoney joked that the Liberals "will elect an MP in Calgary again before the Maple Leafs win the Stanley Cup."

Subsequent to his defeat, Mahoney, a lawyer by training, was appointed to the Federal Court of Appeal.

Mahoney joined the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League as an executive in 1955 and, in 1959, moved the Labour Day Classic match against the rival Edmonton Eskimos from Edmonton to Calgary, it has been played there ever since. He briefly served as the team's general manager in 1965 and also served as president of the league's Western Football Conference.

He retired to North Vancouver, British Columbia, where he died at the age of 83.

Mahoney was the last Liberal to be elected to the House of Commons of Canada from a Calgary-based riding until Kent Hehr and Darshan Kang were elected in 2015.

title: Pat Mahoney


text:
Gray death

Gray death is a slang term which refers to the dangers that emerged in 2017, when potent mixtures of synthetic opioids, for example benzimidazole opioids or fentanyl analogues, were often sold on the street misleadingly as "heroin". However, other substances such as cocaine have also been laced with opioids that resulted in illness and death.

History and etymology
The substance first appeared in America and was thought to be a unique chemical compound before being identified as a mixture of drugs. The first batch of gray death had a characteristic gray color.

Composition
Samples have been found to contain heroin, fentanyl, carfentanil, and the designer drug U-47700. A mixture of drugs misleadingly called 2C-B had been found to contain fentanyl in Argentina.

Dangers and treatment
As with other illicit narcotics, gray death carries a higher risk of serious adverse effects than prescribed opioids due to the unknown and inconsistent composition of the product. Even experienced opioid users risk serious injury or death when taking this drug mixture. In February 2022, 24 people in Argentina died after using cocaine laced with carfentanil.

Reversing a gray death overdose may require multiple doses of naloxone. By contrast, an overdose from morphine or from high-purity heroin would ordinarily need only one dose. This difficulty is regularly encountered when treating overdoses of high-affinity opioids in the fentanyl chemical family or with buprenorphine. The greater affinity of these substances for the μ-opioid receptor impedes the activity of naloxone, which is an antagonist at the receptor. It may be necessary to increase the dosage of naloxone or its frequency of administration in order to counteract respiratory depression.

title: Gray death


text:
Talk:Montrose, Ohio

Untitled
I almost described Montrose as an edge city, but it looks like it doesn't quite meet the criteria. I don't think it has 5,000,000 square feet of office space, but if anyone knows otherwise I'd be interested in hearing about it.

title: Talk:Montrose, Ohio