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Sunshine of Your Love

"Sunshine of Your Love" is a 1967 song by the British rock band Cream. With elements of hard rock and psychedelia, it is one of Cream's best known and most popular songs. Cream bassist and vocalist Jack Bruce based it on a distinctive bass riff he developed after attending a Jimi Hendrix concert. Guitarist Eric Clapton and lyricist Pete Brown later contributed to the song and drummer Ginger Baker plays a distinctive tom-tom drum rhythm.

The song was included on Cream's best-selling second album Disraeli Gears in November 1967. Atco Records, the group's American label, was initially unsure of the song's potential. After recommendations by other label-affiliated artists, it released an edited single version in December 1967. The song became Cream's first and highest charting American single and one of the most popular singles of 1968. In September 1968, it became a modest chart hit after being released in the UK.

Cream performed "Sunshine of Your Love" regularly in concert and several live recordings have been issued, including on the Royal Albert Hall London May 2-3-5-6, 2005 reunion album and video. Hendrix performed faster instrumental versions of the song, which he often dedicated to Cream. Several rock journals have placed the song on their greatest song lists, such as Rolling Stone, Q magazine, and VH1. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame included it on its list of the "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll".

Composition
In early 1967, Cream were writing and rehearsing songs for a second album. Their December 1966 debut album, Fresh Cream, was a mix of updated blues numbers and pop-oriented rock songs. Inspired by recent developments in rock music, the group began pursuing a more overtly psychedelic direction. "Sunshine of Your Love" began as a bass phrase or riff developed by Cream bassist Jack Bruce. Cream attended a concert on 29 January 1967 by the Jimi Hendrix Experience at the Saville Theatre in London. Cream guitarist Eric Clapton elaborated in a 1988 Rolling Stone magazine interview: "He [Hendrix] played this gig that was blinding. I don't think Jack [Bruce] had really taken him in before... and when he did see it that night, after the gig he went home and came up with the riff. It was strictly a dedication to Jimi.  And then we wrote a song on top of it."

Music writers Covach and Boone describe the riff as blues-derived, using a minor blues pentatonic scale with an added flattened fifth note (or common blues scale). The song follows a blues chord progression (I–IV–I) during the first eight bars. Brown had a difficult time writing lyrics that fit the riff. After an all-night session, Bruce played it on a standup bass while lyricist Pete Brown was staring out the window. Slowly, he started to write "It's getting near dawn and lights close their tired eyes", which is used in the first verse. Later, to break up the rhythm, Clapton wrote a refrain which also yielded the song's title. It consists of eight-bar sections using three chords, when the key shifts to the V chord (I = V): A bootleg recording from the Ricky-Tick club in London before Cream recorded the song in the studio, shows "Sunshine of Your Love" with a beat common to rock for the period. Cream drummer Ginger Baker compared it to the uptempo "Hey Now, Princess", another Bruce-Brown composition Cream recorded in March. He said that he advised Bruce to slow it down and came up with the distinctive drum pattern which emphasises beats one and three (typical rock drumming favours beats two and four and is known as the backbeat). However, Bruce and recording engineer Tom Dowd dispute Baker's claim, which they say he only made much later. Dowd later explained "Where all the other songs that they [Cream] played were prepared, [but] this one song, they never found a pocket, they were never comfortable... I said, 'You know, have you ever seen any American Westerns [films that have] the Indian beat, where the downbeat is the beat?' ... And when he [Ginger] started playing it that way, all of the parts came together and right away they were elated."

Recording
Cream performed their first American concerts in New York City in 1967. Robert Stigwood, the group's manager, booked them for a Murray the K package show at the RKO Manhattan Theatre from 25 March to 2 April 1967. When it was finished, Stigwood arranged for a recording session with Ahmet Ertegun at Atlantic Studios. Bruce and Brown had a number of new songs in various stages of development and entered the studio on 3 April. Initially, Ertegun assigned Dowd to work with the trio. Dowd had worked with many of the biggest jazz and rhythm and blues musicians in the 1950s and 1960s. However, Cream was his first exposure to extreme volume levels. The group arrived at Atlantic with their concert setup of multiple Marshall amplifiers (each 100 watts). Dowd was surprised by the amount of equipment accompanying the trio: "They recorded at ear-shattering level... Everyone I'd worked with before was using Fender Deluxes [about 20 watts] or Twins [about 80 watts]—six- and seven-piece bands that didn't play as loud as this three piece did."

Ertegun brought in producer Felix Pappalardi, who he believed could work as a go-between with the group and Dowd. They began with "Strange Brew", "Tales of Brave Ulysses", and "Sunshine of Your Love". Ertegun previewed the demos and was unhappy, expecting blues-based material like that to be found on Fresh Cream. Jerry Wexler, Ertegun's Atlantic Records partner, reportedly went as far as to call it "psychedelic hogwash". However, Booker T. Jones (producer and keyboardist of Booker T. & the M.G.'s) and Otis Redding (both whose Stax recordings at the time were distributed by Atco parent Atlantic) gave "Sunshine of Your Love" their wholehearted approval. Differences were smoothed over by the time Cream returned in May 1967 to finish recording the songs for Disraeli Gears.

With Pappalardi and Dowd, work continued on "Sunshine of Your Love". For his guitar solo, Clapton used a sound known as the "woman tone", which is described as "smooth, dark, singing, sustaining", by author Mitch Gallagher. The actual guitar that Clapton used has been identified as a 1964 Gibson SG, known as "the Fool". It is one of the best-known examples of the woman tone and quotes the melody from the perennial pop standard "Blue Moon". By using the song's major pentatonic scale, Clapton provides a contrast with the riff's blues scale. A writer for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes this as "creating a balance between the sun and the moon".

Baker plays much of the song on the tom-toms, described as sounding African (Schumacher) and Native American (Shapiro). Covach and Boone note he "concentrates on the lower tom sounds and uses an articulation and sound reminiscent of the jazz drumming in the Woody Herman or Benny Goodman bands".

Releases and charts
"Sunshine of Your Love" was included as the second track on Disraeli Gears, which was released in November 1967 by Reaction Records in the UK and Atco Records in the US. At first, Atco did not see the song as a single ("Strange Brew", backed with "Tales of Brave Ulysses" had been released as a single in June 1967). However, in December 1967, the label issued an edited version of the song as the second single from the album, backed with "SWLABR" (the running time was trimmed from 4:08 to 3:03). It entered Billboard magazine's Hot 100 chart on 13 January 1968, reaching number 36 during its initial 14-week run. The record re-entered the chart on 6 July 1968 and reached number five on 31 August 1968. In the UK, the single was not released until September 1968, after Cream had announced their impending breakup. Polydor Records issued the UK single, which reached number 25 in the charts.

The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the single gold on 26 September 1968, signifying sales in excess of 1,000,000 copies. In the US, it became one of the best selling singles of 1968 and one of the best-selling at the time for the Atlantic group of labels. As one of Cream's most popular songs, several of the group's compilation albums include the full-length studio recording, such as Best of Cream, Heavy Cream, The Very Best of Cream, and the boxed set Those Were the Days. In the United Kingdom, the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) certified the song gold in September 2022, denoting sales and streaming figures exceeding 400,000 units.

Recognition and influence
In 2004, the song ranked number 65 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". In March 2005, Q magazine placed "Sunshine of Your Love" at number 19 on its list of the "100 Greatest Guitar Tracks Ever!" In 2009, VH1 included it at number 44 on its list of the "Top 100 Hard Rock Songs". The song is on the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of the "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll".

Ertegun later admitted that, while his tastes ran more to Robert Johnson (Clapton had recorded Johnson's "Ramblin' on My Mind" with John Mayall, "Crossroads" with the Powerhouse, and "Four Until Late" with Cream), Cream's and Pappalardi's vision resulted in songs which had a much larger impact on the rock audiences of the time. Covach and Boone identified "Sunshine of Your Love" as foreshadowing future trends in rock: "'Sunshine of Your Love', Cream's best-known song, is a culmination of the British adaptation of blues into rock and also the direct precursor of Led Zeppelin and heavy metal, where this type of blues-based motivic riff and harmonic motions like A–C–G or E–G–A (as in "Whole Lotta Love") serve as the basis for a seemingly endless number of songs."

Other recordings
Several live recordings of "Sunshine of Your Love" have been issued on Cream albums. These include a 24 October 1967 recording by the BBC (BBC Sessions), 9 March 1968 at the Winterland Ballroom (Live Cream Volume II), and 26 November 1968 at the Royal Albert Hall (Cream's Farewell Concert). A recording from Cream's reunion show on 3 May 2005 is included on Royal Albert Hall London May 2-3-5-6, 2005. During their post-Cream careers, Clapton and Bruce recorded several live performances of the song.

A variety of musicians have recorded "Sunshine of Your Love". After Cream announced their breakup, Hendrix often performed it in concert as a tribute to the group, apparently unaware that they had dedicated the song to him. He played it as an instrumental and sometimes as part of a medley. A performance by the Experience on 4 January 1969 is one of the best-known. During the live broadcast of A Happening for Lulu, a music variety show hosted by pop singer Lulu on BBC Television, the Experience suddenly broke with the programme. Hendrix announced, "We'd like to stop playing this rubbish ["Hey Joe"] and dedicate a song to the Cream, regardless of what kind of group they may be in – dedicate this to Eric Clapton, Ginger Baker, and Jack Bruce". As their performance of "Sunshine of Your Love" ran into the time allotted for Lulu's closing number, the show's producer and staff were frantically signalling for the Experience to stop. However, they continued playing and the show ended on a fade. Hendrix later apologised to Lulu, who thought the performance made for a great television moment.

title: Sunshine of Your Love


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User talk:Vanessa Huang

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title: User talk:Vanessa Huang


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Teziutlán

Teziutlán is a city in the northeast of the Mexican state of Puebla. Its 2005 census population was 60,597. It also serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding Teziutlán Municipality. The municipality has an area of 84.2 km2 (32.51 sq mi) and a population of 88,970.

Teziutlán is described in some guidebooks as a "picturesque colonial town". It was founded (by spaniar) on 15 March 1552 at a location known to the locals as "Teziuhyotepetzintlancingo". means "Little mount with hailstones". The name Teziutlán is Nahuatl, and means "place with hailstones".

During the presidency of Porfirio Díaz, the town gained prosperity, and it is described as "a commercial town of importance, very often visited by traveling salesmen from businesses in this country and abroad... It depends on a group of businesses that handle significant capital and sell on a large scale in the principal markets of Europe and the United States." Teziutlán was linked to the expanding railway network during the Porfiriato presidency, which aided its prosperity.

Geography
The municipality has an area of 84.2 km.

Teziutlán is located at 19.81667°N, -97.36667°W, close to the border with Veracruz, in the Sierra Madre Oriental. The area is drained by the Río El Calvario, Río Xóloatl and Río Xoloco rivers.

Climate
The climate is highland subtropical but ever moist (Köppen: Cfb) similar to the plateaus of southern Brazil, but with longer soft periods of time.

Notable people
The city is noteworthy as the birthplace of two prominent twentieth-century politicians:
 * Manuel Ávila Camacho (24 April 1897 – 13 October 1955), President of Mexico from 1940 to 1946.
 * Vicente Lombardo Toledano (16 July 1894 – 16 November 1968), founder of the Confederación de Trabajadores de México (CTM).

The city has also been the birthplace of other prominent figures:
 * Maximino Ávila Camacho, brother of Manuel Ávila Camacho, governor of Puebla and federal secretary of public works.
 * Juan Cordero (16 May 1824 – 28 May 1884), an award-winning painter.
 * Antonio Espino Mora (13 August 1910 – 24 November 1993), who starred on stage, screen, and television as "Clavillazo".
 * Alfredo "El Güero" Gil (5 January 1915 – 10 September 1999), lead guitarist for El Trío Los Panchos.
 * Xavier Robles (b. 25 February 1949), motion picture screenwriter whose credits include Rojo Amanecer.
 * Francisco Rocafuerte (b. 2 April 1962) International Concert Pianist and Conductor. He has performed concerts and conducted many orchestras around the world.    https://franciscorocafuerte.wixsite.com/frocafuerte/bio-english
 * Cayetano Arámburo (b. 29 July 1990) Mexican series/soap opera actor.

title: Teziutlán


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Tubby Raymond

Harold R. "Tubby" Raymond (November 14, 1926 – December 8, 2017) was an American football and baseball player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Delaware from 1966 to 2001, compiling a record of 300–119–3. Raymond was also the head baseball coach at the University of Maine from 1952 to 1953 and at Delaware from 1956 to 1964, tallying a career college baseball mark of 164–72–3. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2003.

Playing career
Raymond, a native of Flint, Michigan, played quarterback and linebacker at the University of Michigan under Fritz Crisler. He also played baseball at Michigan and was the captain of the baseball team in 1949. He played minor league baseball in 1950 with the Clarksdale Planters and in 1951 with the Flint Arrows.

Coaching career
Raymond began his football coaching career in 1951 as an assistant at the University of Maine. He moved to Delaware in 1954 as a backfield coach under David M. Nelson, who had also played at Michigan. Raymond succeeded Nelson as head coach in 1966. He retired after 36 seasons with a 300–119–3 record, three national titles (1971, 1972, 1979), 14 Lambert Cup trophies, 23 post-season bids and four consecutive victories in the Boardwalk Bowl. After classifications were formed in the early 1970s, Delaware was a Division II program until elevating to Division I-AA in 1981. At the time of his retirement, more than half of Blue Hens' all-time victories in the 110-year-old history of their program had been tallied under Raymond tenure. On March 5, 2002, K. C. Keeler, former Blue Hens linebacker and head football coach at Rowan University, succeeded Raymond at Delaware.

Use of "Delaware Wing T" offense

A formation similar to the Flexbone, though much older, is known as the "Delaware Wing-T" was created by longtime University of Delaware coach and NCAA Rules Committee chairman David M. Nelson, and perfected by his successor Tubby Raymond. It has become a very popular offense with high schools and small colleges. It was designed at the time to be a mix between the single wing and T-formation. It took the motion and run-strength of the single wing, and the QB-under-center from the T. In this variation, there is only one wing back, with the other back lined up next to the fullback on the opposite side from the wing back. However, the Wing Back may also line up diagonally from the Tight End. He may be used as an extra blocker or a receiver. He may come in motion for running plays.

300th win
Going into the 2001 season, Raymond needed just four wins to reach the 300 mark. At the first game of the season, a banner hung above the stadium listing the numbers 297, 298, 299 and 300. As each win was accomplished, the respective number was crossed off.

Raymond's 300th win came during the last home game of the season on November 10 with a 10–6 victory against the Richmond Spiders. As the clock wound down in the game, the crowd began chanting "Tubby, Tubby". Raymond made a short, humble speech and was carried off the field by his team as a construction worker climbed onto a cherry-picker to cross off the final number on the poster.

The following is an excerpt from Raymond's speech to Delaware fans after his 300th victory:

"'I have to apologize for paraphrasing, but I feel a little bit like Lou Gehrig. I'm the luckiest man on the face of the earth. First, I'd like to thank the Delaware fans who have been here for so many years. I know there are things that happen that you don't like. There are things that happen that I don't like. But the thing that's there all the time is you. You're at every football game. You're excited about being here, and you truly made Delaware football something we can all be proud of. Thank you very much.'"

Delaware lost its final game of the season on the road against Villanova and, that winter, Raymond announced his retirement, ending his career at an even 300 wins.

Awards and honors
In 1993, the Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame inducted Raymond. On August 29, 2002, Tubby Raymond Field was dedicated in Raymond's honor at Delaware Stadium, which was opened in 1952.

On January 12, 2018, the University of Delaware hosted a celebration of Raymond's life at the Bob Carpenter Center. Speakers included University president Dennis Assanis, former Vice President Joe Biden (who played freshman football at Delaware), NFL MVP Rich Gannon (who played quarterback at Delaware), and Raymond's sons Chris and David.

Political activity
Raymond became involved in Delaware politics, and remained active even after retiring to Landenberg, Pennsylvania. Because he was well-known and liked in Delaware, his endorsement was sought out by candidates. Raymond was a staunch conservative; he described himself as "just to the right of Genghis Khan."

Despite his conservative views, Raymond long supported Democrat Jack Markell more out of loyalty than because of political views. As a boy, Markell grew up seven houses away from the Raymonds and the two remained friends. When Markell ran for state treasurer, Raymond taped radio ads supporting him. In 2007, Markell named Raymond an honorary co-chair of his 2008 gubernatorial bid. Markell became the 73rd Governor of Delaware in January 2009.

Painting
Raymond was an accomplished painter. While coaching at Delaware, he began a tradition of painting a Blue Hen player each week of the season. Even after retiring from coaching, he continued to paint each senior Blue Hen player.

Family
Harold was married to Diane and previously Sue. Harold had three children with his first wife Sue, who became deaf as an adult after a bout with Ménière's disease and died from a brain tumor in 1990. The children were: David (the original Phillie Phanatic), Chris (former head football coach at Colby College) and Debbie. Harold also adopted Diane's daughter, Michelle.

Baseball
Below is a table of Raymond's yearly records as a collegiate head baseball coach.

title: Tubby Raymond


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Beverly Penberthy

Beverly Penberthy (born May 9, 1932, in Detroit, Michigan) is an American actress, best known for her role as Pat Matthews Randolph on the soap opera Another World, which she played from 1967 to 1982. She returned for a couple of appearances in May 1989 to coincide with the program's 25th anniversary celebration. Penberthy also played the character of Adelaide Fitzgibbons on As the World Turns in 1989.

She also had a small role in the film Judas Kiss.

title: Beverly Penberthy


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Kawasaki T-4

The Kawasaki T-4 is a Japanese subsonic intermediate jet trainer aircraft developed and manufactured by the commercial conglomerate Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Its sole operator is the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF), in part due to historic restrictions on the exporting of military hardware. In addition to its primary training mission, the T-4 has been used by the JASDF's Blue Impulse aerobatic team as well as liaison duties with most fighter units. The first XT-4 prototype flew on 29 July 1985, while the first production aircraft was delivered during September 1988.

Origins
During November 1981, Kawasaki was selected as the main contractor to design and manufacture a suitable trainer aircraft, which was initially designated as the KA-850, to meet the needs of Japan's MT-X program, having beaten out rival bids from Mitsubishi and Fuji. The MT-X program had been launched to procure a replacement for the aging Lockheed T-33 and Fuji T-1 jet trainer aircraft then in service in the Japan Air Self Defense Force (JASDF). Furthermore, there was also a desire for the prospective trainer aircraft to take over some of the syllabus that was being handled by the contemporary Mitsubishi T-2, a supersonic trainer and basis of the Mitsubishi F-1 fighter aircraft. The initial program planned for a production run of 220 aircraft and an entry into service date of 1988.

Kawasaki's design team was headed by the aeronautics engineer Kohki Isozaki, as well as working in close conjunction with planners at the Japanese defense agency. The design produced by Kawasaki had to satisfy aspects of the JASDF's training regime that was previously performed by multiple aircraft. As such, the type had to demonstrate a range of transonic aerodynamic effects, as well as achieving a high level of manoeuvrability, a relatively-low operating cost, and high reliability levels. Easy handling was also required so that trainees could convert from the piston-engined Fuji T-3 after accumulating only 70 flying hours. Furthermore, the economics for operating the type was to be comparable to the leading international competitors at that time.

The design had to incorporate other political desires as well; there was a great value placed upon powering the type with the first all-Japanese production turbofan engine, the Ishikawajima-Harima F3-IHI-30. Reportedly, the selection of a twin-engine configuration for the trainer was one of the easiest decisions taken, being made not just for engine power but from a high priority being placed upon safety. A robust, damage-tolerant and long-lived structure was also specified for the trainer; in order to achieve this, it was decided to make limited use of composite materials in the form of carbon fiber and kevlar in areas such as the radome and elements of the rear wing, tail unit, and undercarriage. Extensive use of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques was also applied. These advances contributed to the design being certified for a total lifespan of 7,500 flight hours.

Out of these efforts emerged the T-4, a clean-sheet indigenously-developed trainer aircraft. According to aerospace publication Flight International, it was considered plausible for the T-4 to have been a competitive product upon the global trainer aircraft market if it had been priced appropriately, but such export opportunities were denied by a long-standing Japanese policy that forbids any military export sales. As such, there was no realistic prospect of the type being sold to overseas customers and it was developed for the onset with the understanding that the T-4 would be used only by the JASDF.

First flight
On 29 July 1985, the prototype for the type, designated as the XT-4, performed its maiden flight. Reportedly, test pilots of the Air Proving Wing who flew the XT-4 observed the type to have greater subsonic manoeuvrability than the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, an agile aerial supremacy fighter. Speaking in the months before the XT-4's maiden flight, Kawaski publicly claimed that the aircraft possessed the highest performance of any subsonic trainer aircraft then available. Despite the limited availability of the F3-IHI-30 engine, it proved to be reliable, preventing any serious limitation being imposed on the wider test programme. Flight testing with the four XT-4 prototypes ended after two and a half years and roughly 500 individual flights made; in response to the feedback produced, only minor changes, such as improved brakes and refinements of the hydraulically actuated flight control system, were made.

On 28 June 1988, the first production T-4 conducted its first flight; deliveries to the JASDF began in September of that year. It was observed by Kawasaki that the programme had not only been delivered as per schedule, but both the aircraft and its Ishikawajima-Harima F3-IHI-30 powerplant had attained their respective cost targets; Flight International contrasted the T-4 against the American Fairchild T-46, a cancelled jet trainer which had cost five times as much as Kawasaki's offering without reaching production.

Manufacture of the T-4 was performed by a consortium consisting of Mitsubishi, Fuji, and Kawasaki, the latter providing leadership over the venture. A final assembly line for the type was established at Kawasaki's plant in Gifu; this line was sized to produce a maximum of two and a half aircraft per month. Originally, an eight-year production run was planned for.

Design

The Kawasaki T-4 is a Japanese subsonic intermediate jet trainer aircraft. It is a twin-engined aircraft, being powered by pair of Ishikawajima-Harima-built F3-IHI-30 turbofan units. These engines, which were capable of generating up to 3,520 lbf of thrust, were indigenously-developed in conjunction with the T-4. Flight International observed that the performance of the T-4 was comparable with several widely exported jet trainers, such as the Franco-German Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet and British BAE Systems Hawk. Specifically, the T-4 possessed a lower wing loading and 20 per cent greater thrust-to-weight ratio than either of these aircraft, easily permitting an initial climb to altitude rate of 10,000 ft per minute. While no combat-orientated model of the aircraft has been developed to date, the standard T-4 features three hard points, enabling the installation of various air-to-air missiles, bombs, and a gun pod.

The T-4 has a sturdy, damage-tolerant airframe that is largely composed of conventional aluminium alloys, although some composite materials are also present in some areas. Its structure has sufficient strength to enable high-g manoeuvres, being rated to perform instantaneous dives of 7.33g when flown in a clean configuration. It is furnished with a thick-section transonic aerofoil, which was developed by Kawasaki and Japan's Technical Research and Development Institute (TRDI) to provide outstanding high-angle-of-attack handling and favourable spin characteristics. An unusual aerodynamic feature present on the T-4 is the compact leading-edge root extensions (LERX) just forward of its wings along the forward fuselage, these generate additional vortex lift and enhance the aircraft's high-g departure tendencies, such as the suppression of wing-drop and pitch-up during aerodynamic stalls. The use of LERX avoided any need for vortex generators. The avionics of the T-4 are digital in nature; this approach was chosen in order to reduce both the size and weight of the avionics while also increasing their reliability. Typically, these systems and components have been indigenously produced, albeit with the incorporation of some base technologies from several American industries; examples of this include the inertial guidance system, which uses Honeywell-built ring laser gyroscopes, while the air data computer uses Sperry-supplied transducers. The majority of onboard systems are of a conventional nature; however, according to Flight International, the use of a licensed onboard oxygen generation system (OBOGS) is an unusual choice for a trainer aircraft and had required considerable effort to adapt it for use aboard the T-4. A British-sourced artificial feel system is also used by the type, the components for which being locally manufactured.

Variants

 * XT-4: Prototype. 4 built.
 * T-4: 208 built.

Operators
Fighter units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force are equipped with T-4s as trainer/liaison aircraft.
 * Japan Air Self-Defense Force
 * Blue Impulse (1995–present)
 * Central Air Command Support Squadron
 * Northern Air Command Support Flight
 * Southwestern Air Command Support Squadron
 * Western Air Command Support Squadron
 * Tactical Fighter Training Group
 * Air Development and Test Wing
 * 31st Training Squadron (1989–present)
 * 32nd Training Squadron (1990–present)
 * 23rd Flying Training Squadron (2000–present)
 * 3rd Tactical Fighter Squadron (1990–present)
 * 6th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1991–present)
 * 8th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1991–present)
 * 201st Tactical Fighter Squadron (1992–present)
 * 202nd Tactical Fighter Squadron (1991–2000)
 * 203rd Tactical Fighter Squadron (1992–present)
 * 204th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1992–present)
 * 301st Tactical Fighter Squadron (1991–present)
 * 302nd Tactical Fighter Squadron (1992–present)
 * 303rd Tactical Fighter Squadron (1992–present)
 * 304th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1991–present)
 * 305th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1992–present)
 * 306th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1992–present)
 * 306th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1992–present)

Accidents

 * On 12 March 1991, aircraft 16-5654 was written off in an accident where it crashed into the sea during a return from a training flight.
 * On 1 July 1991, aircraft 06-5653 crashed off the coast of Hokkaido, resulting in a single fatality.
 * On 4 July 2000, two aircraft of the Blue Impulse display team (46-5727 and 46-5720)were both destroyed.  Three crew were killed. Aerobatic training was halted until March 2001 as a consequence of the accident.
 * On 29 January 2014, aircraft 46-5731 and 46-5745 of the Blue Impulse team collided in mid-air during a training flight near Matsushima. Both aircraft were able to safely return to base.

title: Kawasaki T-4


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Kevin Ollie

Kevin Jermaine Ollie (born December 27, 1972) is an American basketball coach and former player who most recently was the interim head coach for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

He is the former head coach of the University of Connecticut men's basketball team and one of only four African-American coaches to ever win an NCAA men's basketball championship. Ollie graduated from UConn in 1995 with a degree in communications. He played for twelve NBA franchises, most prominently in three stints with the Philadelphia 76ers, in thirteen seasons from 1997 to 2010 after beginning his career with the CBA in 1995.

After retiring from professional basketball in 2010, Ollie joined UConn as an assistant coach; in 2012 he was promoted to head coach following the retirement of Jim Calhoun (who coached Ollie when he was a player). In his second year as Huskies head coach, they won the 2014 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. He was fired in 2018.

Early life
Ollie was born in Dallas, Texas to parents Fletcher and Dorothy Ollie and grew up in the rough neighborhood of South Central Los Angeles. When Ollie was seven years old, his parents divorced and his father moved to Dallas. He spent summers there, cutting lawns and doing other odd jobs so he could be with him for some length of time. His mother, a school teacher and ordained minister, raised him and his older sisters, Vita and Rhonda, by herself.

Playing career
Ollie attended and played basketball at Crenshaw High School in Los Angeles, California. He then starred for four seasons (1991–95) at the University of Connecticut. After his college graduation, he joined the Connecticut Pride of the Continental Basketball Association, playing with them from 1995 to 1997. After that, he began playing in the NBA.

The Minnesota Timberwolves made Ollie their captain during the 2008–09 season. He was then signed by the Oklahoma City Thunder on August 1, 2009, for the veteran's minimum. After the season Ollie retired to join the Connecticut Huskies as an assistant coach.

NBA player Kevin Durant in an interview with Grantland said that Ollie (who played for the Oklahoma City Thunder during the 2009–10 season) "taught him the ropes", and "changed the culture of Oklahoma City". He also said, "Kevin Ollie, he was a game changer for us. I think he changed the whole culture in Oklahoma City. Just his mind set, professionalism, every single day. And we all watched that, and we all wanted to be like that. It rubbed off on Russell Westbrook, myself, Jeff Green, James Harden. And then everybody who comes through now, it's the standard that you've got to live up to as a Thunder player. And it all started with Kevin Ollie."

Ollie had previously played a similar role with the Cleveland Cavaliers. Jim Paxson, Cavaliers GM at the time, recalled his motivation for signing Ollie: "We thought he could come in and be a bridge for us at the point guard position," Paxson recalled, "and also be a good influence on our younger players, the primary one being LeBron James." Paxson cited Ollie's "professionalism and approach to the game" as qualities the team valued.

Coaching career
In 2012, Ollie was named the head basketball coach at Connecticut, replacing longtime hall of fame coach Jim Calhoun. During his college career, Ollie had played under Calhoun. He also served as an assistant coach for Calhoun's final two seasons at UConn. As an assistant coach in 2011, Ollie helped guide the Huskies to a record eleven straight postseason wins which included winning five games in five nights to win the Big East tournament championship and winning the 2011 NCAA men's basketball championship. On December 29, 2012, UConn and Ollie agreed to a five-year deal.

The Huskies ended their first season under Ollie 20–10 overall and 8th in Big East play (10–8). The team was ineligible for postseason play because of an NCAA ban resulting from a low Academic Progress Rate score several seasons prior.

On December 2, 2013 the Huskies defeated Florida, after which they were ranked #9. The Huskies finished 3rd in the AAC, and defeated Memphis and Cincinnati before losing to Louisville in the AAC Championship game. Connecticut earned an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament with a #7 seed, and defeated #10-seeded Saint Joseph's, #2-seeded Villanova, #3-seeded Iowa State, and #4-seeded Michigan State to become the first #7 seed to reach the Final Four since the tournament expanded in 1985.

On April 5, 2014, the Huskies defeated top-ranked Florida in the Final Four national semifinal of the NCAA tournament 63–53. The Huskies then defeated Kentucky 60–54 in the championship game on April 7 for UConn's fourth NCAA men's championship in fifteen years.

On May 22, 2014, Ollie signed a new five-year contract with UConn, worth $2.8 million per year. He was fired with just cause on March 10, 2018, due to an investigation by the NCAA which led to a three-year show-cause order from the NCAA for violations that took place over a four-year period ending in 2017. Ollie was charged with "failure to monitor" his program and not promoting an atmosphere of compliance. Connecticut also lost one scholarship for the 2019–20 class, was put on two years' probation, fined $5,000 and received various minor recruiting restrictions. The team also had to vacate victories in which an ineligible player participated during the 2016–17 and 2017–18 seasons (none were vacated for 2016–17).

Ollie was charged with three Level I violations stemming from the following: summer pick-up games that should have counted toward allowable team activities, a video coordinator engaging in impermissible coaching instruction and a booster providing extra benefits to student-athletes. The extra benefits were provided by a private trainer and included training, lodging, meals and local transportation. Ollie filed a grievance following his firing, seeking to get $10 million in back pay.

Should a school have sought to hire Ollie before his show-cause order expired on July 2, 2022, it would have had to meet before the NCAA committee on infractions to justify the move. Ollie filed a claim under the University's grievance process, alleging disparate treatment due as his predecessor was retained despite committing NCAA violations. UConn then refused to continue with the contractual grievance process when Ollie filed a separate claim through the courts. As of February 2019, Ollie and UConn administration were in arbitration related to his filing of the original grievance. On January 20, 2022, an arbitrator ruled that UConn improperly fired Ollie and ordered the university to pay him back pay.

On April 12, 2021, Overtime Elite announced Ollie's hiring as head of coaching and basketball development.

On June 3, 2023, it was reported that Ollie would be hired as an assistant coach with the Brooklyn Nets of the NBA. Ollie joined the Nets coaching staff under head coach Jacque Vaughn. After Vaughn was fired during the 2024 NBA All-Star break, the Nets promoted Ollie to fill the role of head coach on an interim basis.

Awards and honors
In 2014 ESPN did a series on the Top 50 college hoops coaches—the best NCAA men's basketball coaches right now. Ollie was tenth best on the list. Although he was only in his second year of coaching, he started with a team subject to sanctions, unable to compete in the NCAA tournament, and still managed to complete the season with a 20–10 record, and followed that with a national championship.

Personal life
Ollie is a Christian. During his NBA career, Ollie was actively involved with the Fellowship of Christian Athletes. Ollie's FCA chaplain stated, "There are very few guys in the NBA who are really sold out to the Lord like Kevin."

Ollie and his ex-wife, Stephanie, have two children: son Jalen and daughter Cheyenne. Stephanie Ollie filed for divorce in January 2015.

College
Ollie's victories from the 2016–17 and 2017–18 seasons have been vacated.

title: Kevin Ollie


text:
Talk:Barnes & Noble

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Peer reviewers: Kendzie2.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 15:19, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Why are there TWO different articles entitled Barnes & Noble
One appears to be more a market driven article than the other and the "history" section appears to be quite different Transparent Eye (talk) 15:59, 19 September 2014 (UTC)

Out of town retail stores
What exactly makes it famous for 'out of town' retail stores? Just curious... - HC —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.235.44.231 (talk • contribs) 06:17, 28 February 28 2005 (UTC)

Number of employees
Tried to make the number of employees appear but was having trouble. It's 40,000 if anyone could fix that, that would be great. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.233.109.98 (talk • contribs) 23:27, 4 March 2005 (UTC)

 * Fixed the problem with making number of employees show up. It seems that someone misused the | tag in the key_people category. - AJ —Preceding unsigned comment added by Oo64eva (talk • contribs) 05:54, 30 March 2005 UTC)

GameSpot ???
As far as I know, GameSpot is owned by CNET. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fadetoblack (talk • contribs) 02:20, 21 April 2005 (UTC)

 * They own 59% of GameStop, infobox was fixed. — oo64eva (AJ) (U @ 05:28, Apr 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Gamestop was spunoff in fiscal 2005. It is publicly traded on the NYSE and completely independent of Barnes & Noble.  --Sep 10, 2006 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.123.8.116 (talk • contribs) 20:22, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Worldwide?
What is the evidence for the statement in the first line of the article that Barnes and Noble is "worldwide". I can't see any evidence that they are in more than one country! This change was made by an anonymous user (who has made no other Wikipedia contributions) on 15 March 2006 and I am going to change it --PeterR 08:26, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Good catch, Peter! --MCB 22:50, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Barnes & Noble, Inc. is international! Barnesandnoble.com (a wholly owned subsidiary of Barnes & Noble, Inc.) ships internationally (This can be verified by checking the shipping options on the barnesandnoble.com website) and has customers making purchases outside of the US.  Additionally, as stated in Barnes & Noble's 2005 Form 10-K (filed with the SEC on 5 April 2006), "The Company leases…two locations in the United Kingdom for office and warehouse space for Calendar Club:…40,016 and 22,363 square feet…"  Furthermore, Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. (yet another wholly owned subsidiary of Barnes & Noble, Inc.) licenses some of it's published works for UK distribution through UK wholesalers. --27 August 2006 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.123.8.116 (talk • contribs) 10:08, August 27, 2006 (UTC)

 * Right, but unlike Borders, it doesn't actually have real overseas stores which one can walk into and buy a book. All its actual retail B2C operations are in the United States. --Coolcaesar 06:56, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Incorrect I work in publishing and am currently in export dealing with a Barnes and Noble store in Bahrain. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.126.140.114 (talk) 09:03, 3 August 2012 (UTC)

Music
"The music is played louder in this area of the store as a psychological attempt to keep people from over staying." I think the music is usually awful but it isn't really that loud. Sounds POV. MafiaCapo 11:12, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree, it seems to be based on the author's subjective opinion. Actually, after reading over the section several times, I edited to remove the entire paragraph about the size, table design, etc., of the cafés. It is unsourced, appears to be an opinion or conclusion, and not only is it unverifiable, it's not really factual: I've been in a number of B&N cafes in different parts of the country, and the size of the cafe, the cafe tables, the music volume, etc., vary widely, and I don't think anything encyclopedic can be assrted about those things without strong sources. MCB 17:26, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Having worked @ a B&N I can tell you the cafe` & the music department have their own volume controls. If the department was louder it was due to the employee working in that department.Vea 00:42, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The music volume comment was completely false and needed to be removed, byt Vea- not all BN stores have the exact same sound system installed. any reasonable person would realize that. Tony P 07:25, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

More Run-on Sentences than I can Shake a Stick At.
Maybe I'll get to it first, but the author of this article seems to be under the impression that one can simply add in a few hundred ","'s and write an entire paragraph in a single sentence.

The word flow on this page makes my reading senses go "ouch". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.113.239.146 (talk • contribs) 20:13, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Expansion
Does anybody have any info about Barnes & Noble expanding to other countries?Maybe Puerto Rico? —Preceding unsigned comment added by BoricuaPR (talk • contribs) 15:49, December 27, 2006 (UTC)

 * FYI, Puerto Rico is not another country it is part of the United States. Tom Bonnie 23:01, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes its true,but since 98% percent of americans don't know it..--BoricuaPR 23:03, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

 * They have no plans to open any stores outside the United States.Allyona (talk) 04:49, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

Gamestop
I think they still own enough of GameStop to be notable. I know I get my B&N employee discount there. Mustafarox 16:36, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

 * you might want to double check that. I last worked for B&N in May 2005, the Gamestop discount was discontinued before then.  It may have changed since then, just making a note. Deatonjr 16:52, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm a Barnes and Nobles employee in New York City. I can still walk into a GameStop with my paystub and get a nice 20% off of games. Unfortunately no discount on the platforms. :( So yeah, apparently B&N still owns enough of GameStop to warrant employee discounts. --24.168.116.69 08:46, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

 * It's my understanding what when I worked for Babbages was that one of the Riggio brothers owned the portion of the company and that the discount was done as a courtesy. --Drmike 02:59, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The discount has been valid at (first Babbages) Gamestop consistently for at least the past 12 years.Allyona (talk) 04:50, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Gamestop is now a publicly traded company, completely independent of Barnes & Noble, Inc. Aside from current and former Barnes & Noble Officers and/or Directors serving on the Gamestop Board, Barnes & Noble Inc. and Gamestop Inc. have a strategic partnership with regard to video games sales and distribution via BarnesandNoble.com (a wholly owned subsidiary of Barnes & Noble, Inc.).  As of January, 2008, Barnes & Noble and Gamestop employees receive employee dicount benefits at both Barnes & Noble and Gamestop retail stores. --23 January 2008 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.122.249.137 (talk • contribs) 07:05, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Unlike other bookstores...
I have an issue with the "Unlike other bookstores..." bit where it's said that other chains don't do much publishing. When I ran my Waldenbooks way back when, we had store owned imprint titles as well and they were fairly well featured. --Drmike 03:00, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

Deletion of Queen's Café Section
It seems to me that the section detailing the location of a Starbucks near a Barnes and Noble in Queens, and the subsequent confusion generated by having a Starbucks separate from the bookstore, is unnecessary as it deals with an oddity in only one specific location of a Barnes and Noble, and doesn't really help to flesh out the B&N-Starbucks connection. If nobody else minds, I'm going to delete this location-specific paragraph. Danberbro (talk) 18:06, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed -- good edit. --MCB (talk) 00:17, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

Common Conversation Mistake
It has been a common mistake, at least in the American English language, to call Barnes and Noble: "Barnes and Nobles." So much so that the name of the bookseller has been known as Barnes and Nobles for a long time in the English language. However, this isn't their name. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.233.119.117 (talk) 17:40, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

Anna Currence and the Superstore Design
In the Anna Currence article, and in several Crown Books/SEC articles online, it is claimed Anna Currence was a key designer of the B&N Superstore. I cannot find anything from the B&N side to verify that. Is that simply a claim that she/Crown made, or is there truth to it somewhere? --BizMgr (talk) 18:01, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Biggest bookstore in the world?
A sign in the window of the Manhattan Flagship prides itself on being "The World's Largest Bookstore". I saw it once recently while passing by. Given the factuality of this, I think this is especially noteworthy in the article. Thanks, -Alan 24.184.184.177 (talk) 05:06, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Only if it were true. Signs in store windows don't meet our standards for reliable sourcing. -- Orange Mike  |   Talk  16:59, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Current Status of B. Dalton
Does the chain still exist? They seem to have vanished from every mall that I know of. 70.88.213.74 (talk) 19:44, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes. You can find them in the store locator on their website. Jim (talk) 05:59, 4 July 2009 (UTC)

Corporate newsletter
For the most part, this entire article reads more like a statement from the company, than an encyclopedic entry on the book store. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.161.114.221 (talk) 22:12, 27 December 2008 (UTC)

Stephen Kings, The Plant, an unfinished novel
I am looking to find anyone who knows anything about the book The Plant, that Stephen King published through this bookstore on the internet in 2000-01. I would like to know how many sections where posted. I have 4, and am looking for the last 2 which I am assuming there were 6 published on the internet. Please let me know. 98.225.28.218 (talk) 03:53, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

History as a publisher
This sentence is incorrect, even though it appears to have been | sourced from Barnes & Nobles' website: "Barnes & Noble began to publish books during the 1980s, when they started reissuing out-of-print titles." I have several reprint titles published by B&N that I purchased in the 1960s, and I was given books in Barnes & Noble's College Outline Series from the 1940s. Also, according to | this reference they started publishing children's educational books in 1944 (after taking over Hinds, Hayden & Eldredge). Jim (talk) 05:53, 4 July 2009 (UTC)

I have a B&N College Outline statistics book (not in front of me) published in the sixties or seventies. The above comment is about a year and a half old and the incorrect statement is still in the article.11:16, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

I do not know when they started publishing their own titles (1940s or before), but since the correct date hasn't surfaced in 5.5 years since the issue was raised, I have removed the sentence. It could be restored with the correct date when this is determined. Jim (talk) 17:19, 3 January 2015 (UTC)

B. Dalton?
"B. Dalton" redirects here, but the article only mentions that B&N bought B.Dalton in 1987. There should be an information on the history of B. Dalton before the merger with B&N. Either there should be a separate article on Dalton, or there should be two sections on history in this one: One for B&N and another for Dalton.

By the way, can someone verify the date that B&N purchased Dalton? I remember there was a Dalton in my town in 1994. SlowJog (talk) 04:07, 25 September 2009 (UTC)
 * ✅ B. Dalton is now a separate article. Ten Pound Hammer, his otters and a clue-bat • (Many otters • One bat • One hammer) 01:36, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks! That article also answers my "by the way" question. B&N simply didn't convert all the B.Dalton's right away. SlowJog (talk) 14:39, 4 November 2009 (UTC)

Advertising
This entire article needs to be rewritten as there is obvious bias throughout the entire article. From "upscale" to "#1," this article stinks of opinionated information. And sadly, it has not been classified this way.

The characterization of this bookseller as "upscale" is not sourced, and makes no sense. Since they partner with many small booksellers who resell books for $0.01 on their website, with a low satisfaction rating, they are hardly the model of an upscale business. Selling books previously donated to Salvation Army for $0.01 is hardly an upscale business practice. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.88.143.1 (talk) 03:51, 3 January 2011 (UTC)

eReader app
List this under nook?

http://www.barnesandnoble.com/ebooks/download-reader.asp?PID=28414&cds2Pid=28843&linkid=1509169

Hcobb (talk) 19:52, 28 June 2010 (UTC)

Why does this need a citation?
"Although the cafés are owned and operated by Barnes & Noble, servers follow Starbucks' standards in beverage preparation; the prominent Starbucks logo is sometimes confusing for customers wanting to use their Starbucks Stored-Value Cards or Gold Card, which are not accepted (the Barnes & Noble membership card is accepted to receive a discount on any café related goods).[citation needed]"

I didn't write this portion, but aside from the mention of it being "confusing for customers" all of the rest of the statement is factual. If you go to the Barnes & Noble Cafe, they are unable to accept Starbucks Gold Cards or gift cards, and you are able to get the B&N Membership discount in the cafe. These are facts. Why is a citation needed? Xprivate eyex (talk) 09:35, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Because the Verifiability and No Original Research policies require it. Nightscream (talk) 18:06, 11 December 2011 (UTC)
 * That's right. Verifiability, not truth, is the criterion for inclusion WhisperToMe (talk) 20:22, 27 December 2011 (UTC)

BN stuff
WhisperToMe (talk) 20:22, 27 December 2011 (UTC)
 * http://ebm.cheetahmail.com/r/regf2?a=0&aid=266639891&n=100
 * http://www.bn.com/borders/

Does anyone have any stats on how many books Barnes and Noble have sold?
I think it would be a really good stat to add to the page

Theawesome67 (talk) 16:51, 7 May 2014 (UTC)

Last remaining national bookseller
The article claims based on two newspaper articles (which are probably based on the same press release) that B&N is the last remaining national bookseller. If you look at the page for Books-A-Million, you'll see that it's the second largest bookseller behind B&N. Both of these claims can't be correct. If the claim is based on the word "national" because BAM doesn't sell in all regions, then it comes across more as an advertising/promotional claim than a factual claim. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MrSampson (talk • contribs) 16:50, 30 August 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Article split
While the tag was placed back in May, since no discussion was actually opened I figured I'd start the discussion.

In my opinion, I think a combination split–merge is the best course of action. That is, split the bulk of the B&N Education material out of this article since it is mostly post-spin-off events about a separate company that is no longer part of the company that is the subject of this article. That material should be merged with Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, the article already covering the majority of the history of B&N Ed's main operation. That article should probably then be moved to the Barnes & Noble Education title though it should still mention the "College Booksellers" branding. This article should contain only a short summary section explaining that B&N Ed was once a division of this company but was spun-off, linking to the other article of course. Indeed, looking at it, the decision to cover B&N Ed in this article in the first place was a mistake. oknazevad (talk) 02:46, 24 September 2022 (UTC)

Info Material should be added on this article:
"In September 2022, this store will replace two former Boston-area Amazon Books stores that were closed in March of this year, that will take place in Legacy Place in Dedham and MarketStreet in Lynnfield locations in Boston."

I think that this type of statement should be added on this article. This is because there aren't recent events that are added on this article history section. And there is a chance that a store opened in one of these areas.

But would you tell me reasons why did you remove this part of info on that article?

-- 2601:205:C001:EA0:DD9D:F980:1B2C:6117 (talk) 19:45, 22 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Because it is incredibly trivial within the context of the decades-long history of this company. See WP:UNDUE and WP:RECENTISM for a more detailed explanation. -- Orange Mike |  Talk  19:48, 22 November 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: NAS 348 Global Climate Change
— Assignment last updated by Enelly23 (talk) 14:49, 20 March 2023 (UTC)

Disputed source
Since no one else will discuss instead of reverting after being reverted, I'll start the discussion. I think the source is a poor source that doesn't add anything to the article. It's a self-published source, and therefore lacks strong editorial oversight, and is written by the subject's granddaughter, so therefore is of questionable neutrality. And it's not needed to verify the sentence, as the records from Harvard itself are already present. oknazevad (talk) 03:36, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Disagree - source is nearly 20 years old, provides bland details, and is fairly NPOV. Frankly I wouldn't have found the Harvard source, which I also added if not for the "poor source". Everything I've cross-checked on it checks out. And one has made a claim that any underlying facts are incorrrect. Jjazz76 (talk) 07:57, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

Source Question
The Noble Legacy: The Story of Gilbert Clifford Noble, Cofounder of the Barnes & Noble and Noble & Noble Book Companies by Betty N. Turner. iUniverse: 2006 ISBN 0595374786, 9780595374786

Looking for some consensus on this source. It has been used a number of times in this article already, and now an editor is questioning its validity because it comes from a self-published press. Book concerns events more than 100 years ago, on a topic there isn't a lot written on. Source seems pretty NPOV, and no one seems to have had an issue with it before the other day. Also worth noting that editor who questioned the source has been blocked twice, once for sock-puppetry. Thoughts? Jjazz76 (talk) 07:55, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Also worth noting this source is already used five times in the current article. Jjazz76 (talk) 20:55, 3 December 2023 (UTC)
 * That was nit apparent at all, being that redundant refs are discouraged and secondary calls to a reference should use named refs. oknazevad (talk) 19:09, 4 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm not really sure what you mean by that? Jjazz76 (talk) 04:53, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
 * What is a redundant ref?
 * What is a secondary call to a reference? Jjazz76 (talk) 04:53, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
 * When a reference is used more than once at different spots in the article, it's is not only possible but preferable to have the superscripts point to the same entries in the reference list, instead of listing it multiple times. WP:NAMEDREF shows how. oknazevad (talk) 04:56, 5 December 2023 (UTC)
 * ok i'll take a loot at that. but the main substantive point is the reference has already been used a bunch in the article, and still is used in the article. And was introduced for the first time around 2014, without issue. Here we are ten years later. Jjazz76 (talk) 06:51, 5 December 2023 (UTC)

As a publisher
We need better coverage of B&N as a book publisher rather than a bookseller, perhaps at a separate Barnes & Noble (publisher). B&N in this role was a significant publisher at least throughout most of the 20th century, and produced a lot of academic and quasi-academic volumes that we cite. But it is potentially confusing to readers to do Barnes & Noble in a citation, because arriving at the present article provides virtually no information about publishing, only sales. I.e., it looks rather like confusedly or spammerishly shop-linking to Amazon.com, promoting a vendor, instead of legitimately linking to the actual publisher. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  14:43, 18 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Barnes & Noble


text:
Talk:Tenner–tenor split

While this is descriptive of a real phenomenon, is tenner-tenor split really a recognized name, used in the relevant academic literature? Whereas caught-cot merger is standard terminology, this sounds like a nonce coinage, considering "tenner" is very colloquial. An external reference would reassure me :) Joestynes 06:17, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tenner–tenor split


text:
Kuruc

Kuruc (, plural kurucok), also spelled kurutz,  refers to a group of armed anti-Habsburg insurgents in the Kingdom of Hungary between 1671 and 1711.

Over time, the term kuruc has come to designate Hungarians who advocate strict national independence and the term "labanc" to designate Hungarians who advocate cooperating with outside powers.

The term kuruc is used in both a positive sense to mean “patriotic” and in a negative sense to mean “chauvinistic.”

The term labanc is almost always used in a negative sense to mean “disloyal” or “traitorous”. This term originally referred to Habsburg troops, mainly Austrian imperial soldiers, garrisoned in Hungary.

The kuruc army was composed mostly of impoverished lower Hungarian nobility and serfs, including Hungarian Protestant peasants and Slavs. They managed to conquer large parts of Hungary in several uprisings from Transylvania before they were defeated by Habsburg imperial troops.

Name
The word kuruc was first used in 1514 for the armed peasants led by György Dózsa. 18th-century scholar Matthias Bel supposed that the word was derived from the Latin word "cruciatus" (crusader), ultimately from "crux" (cross), and that Dózsa's followers were called "crusaders" because the peasant rebellion started as an official crusade against the Ottomans. Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha, a 17th-century Ottoman chronicler, supposed that the word Kuruc ("Kurs" as it was transliterated into Ottoman Turkish in his chronicle) was a Greek word meaning "polished" or "cilâlı" in Turkish.

Today's etymologists do not accept Bel's or Mehmed's theory and consider that the word was derived from the Turkish word kurudsch (rebel or insurgent).

In 1671, the name was used by Meni, the beglerbeg pasha of Eger in what is now Hungary, to denote the predominantly-noble refugees from Royal Hungary. The name quickly became popular and was used from 1671 to 1711 in texts written in Hungarian, Slovak and Turkish to denote the rebels of Royal Hungary and northern Transylvania, fighting against the Habsburgs and their policies.

The rebels of the first kuruc uprising called themselves bújdosók (fugitives), or in long form, "different fugitive orders—barons, nobles, cavalry and infantry soldiers—who fight for the material and spiritual liberty of the Hungarian motherland." The army mustered by the northern Hungarian noble Emeric Thököly was also called kuruc. Their uprising forced the Habsburg emperor Leopold I to restore the constitution in 1681 after it was suspended in 1673.

The leader of the last of the kuruc rebellions, Francis II Rákóczi, did not use the term, instead using the French word insurgents or malcontents to highlighting their purposes. Contemporary sources also preferred the term "malcontents" to denote the rebels.

Kuruc was used in Slovakian popular poetry until the 19th century. The opposite term (widespread after 1678) was labanc (from the Hungarian word "lobonc," literally "long hair," referring to the wigs worn by the Austrian soldiers), denoting Austrians and their loyalist supporters.

Background
After the Magnate conspiracy and rebellion of Francis I Rákóczi, Leopold I introduced an absolutistic government system in Royal Hungary (which was not occupied by the Ottomans and was not part of the Transylvanian Principality).

The creators of this system were Wenzel Eusebius Lobkowitz (President of the Imperial Privy Council 1669-1674), Johann von Hocher, Ignaz Abele, Leopold Königsegg-Rothenfels, Johann Kinsky (Johann Oktavian, Graf Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau 1604-1679) and Raimondo Montecuccoli. They also invented the Verwirkungstheorie. Hungarian Estates forfeited their rights because of this conspiracy. The emperor then had the right to govern without asking the Diet (parliament of the Estates). Königsegg said the Hungarian Kingdom was "armis subjecti."

They enforced local inhabitants to maintain the army supplies (portio [food], quarters [accommodation] and forspont [delivery]) collected by the local military officers (repartitio). They neglected traditional government officials such as nádor and created a governing council in March 1673 (which consisted of four German and four Hungarian members and one leader, Johann Gaspar Ampringen, but he was only a puppet and the real power was held by the local military leaders).

The court tried again to suppress the Protestants. In 1671, György Szepelcsenyi, the Archbishop of Esztergom, Leopold Kollonics, bishop of Weiner-Neustadt and the President of the Hungarian Chamber, Ferenc Szegedy, Bishop of Eger, and István Bársony visited the free and important towns one by one with military escorts and took back former (more than 100 years earlier) Catholic churches and schools from Protestants. Citizens of Pozsony, including both men and women, guarded their church for weeks Szelepcsényi was not able to fight against them until, in 1672, Kollonics took matters into his own hands. He brought 1,200 soldiers from Vienna, arresting the nobler citizens for a few weeks and forcing them to hand over their church and school. After that, they built conceptual lawsuits against Protestant pastors. Between 1673 and 1674, they twice made "judicum delegatum" against Protestant priests. The jury members were high priests and secular lords including the judge and other legislatures. The subject of the coup was political crimes — the connection of the Lutheran and Reformed pastors with the pasha of Buda and the plan of an open rebellion, the main evidence of which was the indictment of István Vitnyédy's letters to Miklós Bethlen and Ambrus Keczer. In the end, whoever signed a reversal (a document to resign work as a Protestant priest and leave Hungary) were pardoned. 200 signed, but 40 resisted. Those who refused were sold as galley slaves to Naples (to be saved by Admiral Ruttler's fleet in 1676).

Officials were often corrupt and greedy. For example, von Sinzendorf, who handled military finances, confiscated many noble people's properties. During one negotiation, he confiscated 11 castles, 70 noble curia and 367 villages (mostly embezzled for himself).

Leopold I dismissed 11,000 Hungarian fortress soldiers because he did not trust them, tried to concentrate the military into some main fortress and started to explode the nobility's enstrengthed castles.

The government levied a new kind of tax (Accisa) which raised taxation rates 10 times higher. This caused taxpayers to suffer.

The members of the Wesselényi conspiracy, mostly nobles who lost their estates and the ex-soldiers who were dismissed without severance pay, fled east. The oppressed Hungarians sought refuge in Transylvania, but the Prince Apafi didn't have permission from the Ottomans to let them in, so they started to gather by the Tisza river. Although many of them escaped to Poland, those left were ready to start a new uprising and then became the kurucs.

The first kuruc uprising
The first kuruc uprising occurred in 1672. The kuruc army gathered in the Partium where many refugees of different origins took shelter from religious and political persecution in Royal Hungary. They called themselves bújdosók (fugitives). Their weapons were mostly pistols, light sabres and fokos (battle-axes).

Their war tactics were typical of light cavalry. The main subgroups were Protestants, who were disgruntled by the Habsburg ambitions of the Counter-Reformation; impoverished minor nobles (holding on to their privileges while the Habsburg Court attempted to deprive them of their nobility) and soldiers from the végvárs (frontier castles) who were sacked by Habsburg generals. Later, when the Turks lost ground to the imperial armies and Austrian despotism intensified, the Habsburg oppression of Hungarians played an increasingly important role in the motivation of the kuruc.

Initially, in August 1672, the kuruc army invaded Upper Hungary, where they conquered the castles of Diósgyőr, Ónod, Szendrő and Tokaj. After they defeated the Habsburg army of Paris von Spankau near Kassa, the towns of Upper Hungary surrendered and many disaffected people joined them from the Slovak and Ruthenian population of the northern counties.

The two leaders of the army of "fugitives" were Pál Szepesi and Mátyás Szuhay, members of the minor nobility who previously took part in other anti-Habsburg movements.

According to the recollections of Pál Szepesi, the "fugitives" began looting in the northern countries: "In the guise of persecuting the Papists they pillaged whole counties. We began killing the plunderers but to no avail—they didn't respect any officers."

The Hofkriegsrat of Vienna immediately took measures: they strengthened the Habsburg troops, called more soldiers from Lower Hungary and made peace with the Hajduks. On 26 October 1672, the Habsburg army defeated the "fugitives" at Gyurke (later Hungarian Györke, Slovak Ďurkov). The rebels retreated across the line of the Tisza.

After this initial success, the Habsburg government began systematic religious and political persecution in Royal Hungary. The Palatine of Hungary was suspended and in its place Emperor Leopold I appointed a Directorium to administer Hungary in 1673, led by Johann Caspar von Ampringen, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, which engaged in severe repression against dissidents. The most infamous case was the trial of 300 Protestant pastors who were sentenced to death in 1674, and who were later sold as galley slaves in Naples, causing public outcry across Europe.

Universitas of the "fugitives"
In 1675, the "fugitives" occupied Debrecen. Later that year, the town was sacked again by three different armies. This was not uncommon in troubled Upper Hungary.

The fugitives tried to organise themselves as an independent community called "universitas" or "communitas." They issued decrees, sent envoys to foreign powers, made a seal and held Diets (assemblies). At the time, they were already called kuruc, though they never called themselves such. Between 1674 and 1678, their leader was Count Paul Wesselényi, the cousin of the late Palatine Ferenc Wesselényi.

The "fugitives" established diplomatic connections with Poland in 1674 and with France in 1675. In May 1677, France, Poland, the Principality of Transylvania and the universitas of the "Fugitives" signed a treaty in Warsaw by which King Louis XIV of France guaranteed 100,000 thalers aid and assistance. The "fugitives" were obliged to attack the Habsburgs with an army of at least 15,000 men. Michael I Apafi, the Prince of Transylvania, gave military and financial support to the universitas.

In the autumn of 1677, 2,000 French, Polish and Tatar soldiers arrived in Upper Hungary. This small army, led by colonel Beaumont, wasn't able to seriously threaten Habsburg supremacy, although Habsburg control over Hungary declined in 1677 as Johann Caspar von Ampringen left the region. Royal Hungary became one theatre of the European war between Emperor Leopold I and Louis XIV. The president of the Viennese Hofkriegsrat, Raimondo Montecuccoli, drew a plan of "pacification" under the title "L'Ungheria nell'anno 1677." According to the plan, Royal Hungary would be occupied by three Austrian armies, the remnants of the Hungarian constitution abolished and a grand-scale program of German colonisation implemented. Chancellor Paul Hocher, one of the most influential men in the Habsburg government, agreed with Montecuccoli's plan. In the Privy Council he declared, "All Hungarians are traitors."

Under Mihály Teleki
In 1678, the fugitives accepted Mihály Teleki, the Chancellor of Transylvania, as their leader. Prince Apafi proclaimed war against the Habsburgs. Previously, he had begged the Ottoman Sultan (his overlord) to leave. The Sultan had demanded an unacceptable condition: in the case of success, all Royal Hungary should join the Ottoman Empire.

On 5 April 1678, Prince Apafi issued an ambiguous declaration to the people of Hungary. He announced that he, along with the Polish and French kings, took up the arms against "the heavy yoke of oppression" and recommended "the submission to the mighty Turkish Emperor with a reasonable mind and sharp eye."

The kuruc army of Teleki, together with the Polish and French troops, advanced well into Upper Hungary but immediately retreated into Transylvania at the sight of the first Habsburg regiments. The failure wrecked Teleki's image as a competent leader. On the other hand, a small kuruc cavalry troop (about 8,000 people) briefly occupied the most important mining towns and castles of Lower Hungary.

The great kuruc uprisings
In 1678, one of the most influential young noblemen of Upper Hungary and Transylvania, Emeric Thököly, declared war against the Habsburgs. In August 1678, Thököly's army occupied almost all of Lower and Upper Hungary. Habsburg rule in Royal Hungary quickly collapsed. The fugitives joined the Thököly Uprising and officially elected him as their leader in Szoboszló in January 1680. The kuruc troops merged with Thököly's own army, although changing fortunes and Thököly's subsequent alliance with the Ottomans would split the movement. In 1681, Emperor Leopold I re-established the Palatine of Hungary, and thus some grievances were removed and a less repressive policy was adopted, but this did not deter the Hungarians from revolting again.

That time onwards, the history of the kurucs is synonymous with that of the two great anti-Habsburg uprisings in the Kingdom of Hungary between 1680 and 1711, i.e. the Thököly Uprising (1680–85) and Rákóczi's War of Independence (1703–1711). Although they are generally called kuruc wars, these anti-Habsburg uprisings had a much wider social base and more complex political aims than the original kuruc movements. See the history of the great kuruc uprisings under their respective leaders, Emeric Thököly and Francis II Rákóczi.

Later usage
In the first half of the 18th century, "kuruc" was generally used to denote Hungarian cavalry soldiers (hussars) serving in the Habsburg army, especially in the time of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748). Many former kuruc soldiers of Rákóczi's War of Independence joined the Habsburg army after 1711.

The Prussians were also called kurucs in Hungarian literature, including by Joseph Gvadányi in 1790. The reason behind this strange usage was that the enemies of the labanc Habsburgs were considered synonymous with the kurucs.

At the end of the 18th century, the word went out of usage in common parlance and became an exclusively historical term for the rebels of Rákóczi and Thököly.

In present-day South German language, Kruzitürken is a swear word, combining Kuruzen (Kuruc) and Türken (Turks), meaning "curse it."

In present-day Hungarian language, kuruc is sometimes used to denote Hungarian national radicals. "Kuruc.info" is also the name of a far-right, nationalist Hungarian webpage.

title: Kuruc


text:
Talk:Lisa Jakub

Untitled
WTF? She was in The Beautician and the Beast, which proves she hasn't shut herself up anywhere. This is just a bad article and it needs to be rewritten. Mike H 06:20, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * k, now it has been rewritten and will be on my watch list. Mike H 06:45, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * Beautician and the beast was released in 1997! Can we say she's dropped off the face of the earth now, fifteen years later? Mar 20, 2012 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 171.4.49.113 (talk) 08:57, 21 March 2012 (UTC)

Where is she now?
IMDB suggests she hasn't done much of the kind of work that would appear on its radar for the last decade. What is she doing now? Second question: Mrs Doubtfire's popularity has held up, so does she still get royalties when it's shown on TV somewhere around the world, or whatever, or is this not how acting jobs work? Beorhtwulf (talk) 23:16, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

 * This is now more or less resolved by the reference to her having left the acting profession and published a book. The question about royalties I am still curious about. Beorhtwulf (talk) 12:57, 9 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lisa Jakub


text:
Huascarán

Huascarán (Quechua: Waskaran), Nevado Huascarán or Mataraju is a mountain located in Yungay Province, Department of Ancash, Peru. It is situated in the Cordillera Blanca range of the western Andes. The southern summit of Huascarán (Huascarán Sur), which reaches 6768 m, is the highest point in Peru, the northern Andes (north of Lake Titicaca), and in all of the earth's Tropics. Huascarán is the 4th highest mountain in South America after Aconcagua, Ojos del Salado, and Monte Pissis. Huascarán is ranked 25th by topographic isolation.

Name
Until the 20th century, the mountain lacked a single commonly accepted name but it was rather known by different names within the surrounding towns and villages. The first recorded mention of the name Huascaran appeared in 1850 as Huascan, name given by the local people likely because the mountain rises above the village of Huashco, Huashco getting its name from the Quechua word for rope (waska). At the beginning of the 20th century, the name appeared as Huascarán, a form which has not since changed. It seems that the name Huascarán is merely a contraction of Huashco-Urán. When the mountain was mentioned, it was thought of in connection with the village and was called Huashco-Urán or “Beyond and down from the village of Huashco.”

Other names given to the mountain were Matarao and Mataraju, Mataraju being the name by which the local indigenous inhabitants prefer to call the mountain, from Ancash Quechua mata (twin) and rahu (snow peak), meaning 'twin snow peaks'.

Myth
Huascarán was a noble man who lived in a certain place in Áncash, while Huandoy was a woman who lived in a small town very close to where this mountain is now. Huascarán was enormously in love with the girl, so they always saw each other secretly. One day Huascarán's father found out that he was in love with the little woman, so he asked the Sun God for help. Seeing that he could not separate the two lovers, he decided to turn them into mountains, but the divinity decided to bring them together so that despite their being mountains continued with their love.

Geography
The mountain has two distinct summits, the higher being the south one (Huascarán Sur) with an elevation of 6768 m. The north summit (Huascarán Norte) has an elevation of 6654 meters. The two summits are separated by a saddle (called 'Garganta'). The core of Huascarán, like much of the Cordillera Blanca, consists of Cenozoic granite.

Huascarán gives its name to Huascarán National Park which surrounds it, and is a popular location for trekking and mountaineering. The Huascarán summit is one of the points on the Earth's surface farthest from the Earth's center, closely behind the farthest point, Chimborazo in Ecuador.

The summit of Huascarán is the place on Earth with the smallest gravitational force, with an estimated acceleration of 9.76392 m/s2.

Climbing
Huascarán is normally climbed from the village of Musho to the west via a high camp in the col that separates the two summits, known as La Garganta. The ascent normally takes five to seven days, the main difficulties being the large crevasses that often block the route. The normal route is of moderate difficulty and rated between PD and AD (depending on the conditions of the mountain) according to the International French Adjectival System.

On July 20, 2016, nine climbers were caught in an avalanche on Huascarán's normal route at approximately 5800 m, four of whom died.

On July 9th, 2024, it was reported that the body of William Stampfl, an American mountaineer, had been found 22 years after he disappeared in an avalanche in June 2002. The body of one of Stampfl's climbing companions had previously been recovered. A third member of the group is still unaccounted for.

History
The summit of Huascarán Sur was first reached on 20 July 1932 by a joint German–Austrian expedition. The team followed what would become later the normal route (named today Garganta route). The north peak (Huascarán Norte) had previously been climbed on 2 September 1908 by a U.S. expedition that included Annie Smith Peck, though this first ascent is somewhat disputed.

In 1989, a group of eight amateur mountaineers, the "Social Climbers", held what was recognized by the Guinness Book of Records (1990 edition) to be "the world's highest dinner party" on top of the mountain, as documented by Chris Darwin and John Amy in their book The Social Climbers, and raised £10,000 for charity.

Huascarán Norte
Apart from the normal route, climbed in 1908 and rated PD+/AD-, all the other routes are committing and serious.
 * 1) Northwest ridge ('Italian' route), rated ED1/ED2 climbed on 25 July 1974 by E. Detomasi, C. Piazzo, D. Saettone and T. Vidone.
 * 2) Northwest face ('Polish-Czech' variant), rated ED1/ED2, climbed on 14 July 1985 by B. Danihelkova, Z. Hofmannová, A. Kaploniak, E. Parnejko and E. Szczesniak.
 * 3) North face ('Paragot' route), rated ED1, climbed on 10 July 1966 by R. Paragot, R. Jacob, C. Jacoux and D. Leprince-Ringuet.
 * 4) North face ('Swiss' route), rated ED2+, climbed on 23 May 1986 by D. Anker and K. Saurer. This route requires at least four days on the face.
 * 5) North face ('Spanish' route), rated ED2+, climbed on 20 July 1983 by J. Moreno, C. Valles and J. Tomas.

Huascarán Sur
As for the South summit, apart from the normal route all the others are difficult.
 * 1) West ridge ('Shield' route), rated D+, climbed on 15 June 1969 by W. Broda, S. Merler and B. Segger. Approach as for the Garganta route but after the route develops over the knife-edge West ridge before getting to the summit icefield.
 * 2) West ridge direct ('Lomo fino' route), rated TD-, was climbed on 7 July 2007 by M. Ybarra and S. Sparano. Approach as for the Garganta route but after the route develops straight over the West face.
 * 3) Northeast ridge ('Spanish' route), rated TD+, was climbed on 18 July 1961 by F. Mautino, P. Acuna, A. Perez and S. Rivas. The route starts from Chopicalqui col, takes across the upper part of the Matara glacier and reaches the northeast ridge developing across cornices and snow mushrooms.

1970 earthquake

On 31 May 1970, the Ancash earthquake caused a substantial part of the north side of the mountain to collapse in an avalanche with an estimated 80 e6m3 of ice, mud and rock, measured about 0.5x1 mi. It advanced about 11 mi at an average speed of 280 to 335 km/h, burying the towns of Yungay and Ranrahirca under ice and rock, killing more than 20,000 people. At least 20,000 people were also killed in Huaraz, site of a 1941 avalanche (see Palcacocha Lake). Estimates suggest that the earthquake killed over 66,000 people. The final toll was 67,000 dead and 800,000 homeless, making this the worst earthquake-induced disaster in the Western Hemisphere until the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Also buried by an avalanche was a Czechoslovak mountaineering team, none of whose 15 members were ever seen again. This and other earthquake-induced avalanche events are often described evocatively as "eruptions" of Huascarán, despite not being of volcanic origin.

An earlier avalanche on January 10, 1962, caused by a rapid rise in temperature, killed an estimated 4,000 people.

title: Huascarán


text:
Anna Nalick

Anna Christine Nalick (born March 30, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter. Her debut album, Wreck of the Day, featuring her first radio hit, "Breathe (2 AM)", was released on April 19, 2005. Nalick left her label under Sony in 2009 after a falling-out surrounding the release of her second album. Nalick's second album, Broken Doll & Odds & Ends, was released on June 5, 2011. On October 19, 2017, Nalick released her third full-length album, At Now. Nalick's fourth album, The Blackest Crow, was released December 6, 2019.

Early life
Nalick was born and raised in Temple City, California, and attended Holy Angels Grammar School in Arcadia before moving to Glendora with her parents at age 14. Nalick's Jewish paternal grandfather and his family came from Kyiv, then part of the Russian Empire, emigrating to the United States to escape the ongoing anti-Semitic pogroms.

A key memory of her childhood is the fifth grade math class where she would stop paying attention to the teacher, and instead rewrite the lyrics to a Cranberries song. She grew up in a family where two of the grandparents had performed on Broadway, and where her parents exposed her to a number of different artists, including Elvis Presley and Led Zeppelin. Nalick says she draws more inspiration from poetry, literature, psychology, human behavior, and history than anything else. Her musical influences range from ragtime to folk to trip-hop and everything in between.

In another interview, Nalick recalls showing off her talents to her third grade teacher, who then remarked that she'd end up "one day on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno." Nalick did perform in 2005 on The Tonight Show, making sure to invite the teacher to the audience.

Nalick initially decided to go to college before pursuing her dream of music, continuing to record her songs on a Rainbow Brite cassette recorder. But she soon met a photography professor, who had a student with parents in the music business. Nalick agreed to pass along a low-fidelity six-song demo tape, and soon enough, was introduced to Christopher Thorn and Brad Smith, the founding members of Blind Melon now turned production team, as well as Eric Rosse, best known for his production work for Tori Amos. In October 2003, putting her college plans on hold, she signed on with Columbia Records. Nalick went into the studio with Thorn, Smith, and Rosse as producers, together with mix-engineer Mark Endert (Fiona Apple, Maroon 5, and Gavin DeGraw). She recorded with a group of musicians that included Smith on bass, Thorn on guitar, Rosse and Zak Rae on keyboards, Lyle Workman and Stuart Mathis on guitar, and Joey Waronker and Matt Chamberlain on drums. The result was her album Wreck of the Day, released two years later.

2004–2006: Wreck of the Day
Nalick's first single from her Wreck of the Day album was "Breathe (2 AM)", which peaked at No. 45 U.S. and went 3× Platinum on the Billboard Hot 100, and went huge on Adult Contemporary and Adult Top 40. It was heavily played on AAA and Hot AC stations across the U.S., along with light airplay on Pop stations, and Nalick became one of 2005's biggest newcomers. Her video for the track got very heavy airplay on VH1 and some MTV airplay as well. At the time of the writing, Wreck of the Day has sold over 615,000 copies with a gold certification from the RIAA, and a No. 20 peak on the Billboard 200. In New Zealand, Wreck of the Day reached the Top 15 albums on the Top 40 Albums Chart.

In November 2005, Nalick released "In the Rough". The single was moderately successful, charting on the Billboard Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks at No. 15. Her album sales only slightly increased after the release of "In the Rough", perhaps because the previous single had been released almost a full year before.

Her lead single from Wreck of the Day, "Breathe (2 AM)", experienced a resurgence on worldwide charts following a highly prominent appearance in a Grey's Anatomy episode (As We Know It), aired February 12, 2006. Other episodes of the show have featured the acoustic songs "Catalyst" and "Wreck of the Day" from the same album. The title track has also been featured on the show One Tree Hill.

In 2006, the album was re-released with three new songs and re-recording of the title track. With little promotion, the song only managed to chart on the Adult Top 40 spending two weeks at number 39 and one week at number 40 before falling off the chart.

In a September 2006 Q magazine interview, Britney Spears said she wished she had written Nalick's "Breathe (2 AM)". Two months later, Nalick took honors as "AC Female Artist of the Year" at the New Music Awards, beating out Sheryl Crow. According to her official website, Nalick was so convinced that Crow would win the award that she kicked back and relaxed, removing her shoes. When her name was called, she ran to the stage shoeless to make sure that she was able to have enough time for her acceptance speech.

A clip from the single, "Satellite" from Wreck of the Day is often played on the Satellite Sisters radio show. Wreck of the Day was also featured during Season 2, Episode 20 of the television show Joan of Arcadia.

2007–2009: Separation from Sony
On May 11, 2007, the first indication of Nalick writing her second album appeared on her website. Few updates were given after that. The only other song to be released during this "era" was a cover of the song "Band of Gold" on the Desperate Housewives compilation CD.

On January 28, 2008, Nalick premiered her first single off the new EP, Shine, on AOL music's page. The EP "Shine" was released March 25, 2008. It featured the title single, a cover of Red Hot Chili Peppers song "Breaking the Girl", and acoustic renditions of Nalick's best-known tracks.

On July 12, 2008, it was reported that Broken Doll was to be the title of Nalick's second album. The album was originally scheduled for release in the summer of 2008; however, a falling-out with Epic Records resulted in the album being scrapped. Little was heard from Nalick until the summer of 2010.

2010–2018: Independent artist
In August 2010, Nalick made a comeback announcement on her Facebook profile, accompanied by new photographs revealing a bold new look; it was revealed that she had left Sony in 2009 to be a free agent. At the time, she was making a record with producer Nathan Chapman (Taylor Swift, Jewel), with an expected release date in 2011. On August 25, 2010, Nalick premiered a new song, "The Lullaby Singer", on her official website. Nalick held five live performances—Hotel Café in Hollywood, California, for August 31, September 21, September 28, and October 5, 2010, and 3rd & Lindsley in Nashville, Tennessee, for September 9, 2010 —to accompany the comeback announcement.

On March 2, 2011, Nalick announced on her Facebook page the official name for the first upcoming album: Broken Doll & Odds & Ends, a little variation from the one she announced before. It had been set for release in May 2011, but several unforeseen difficulties resulted in delays. Broken Doll & Odds & Ends was released on iTunes on June 5, 2011, with physical CD release available from her website, and sold at shows.

Nalick performed on Good Day Sacramento, singing "Walk Away" in honor of the people who died in the September 11 attacks.

In 2011 Nalick began studying acting and creative writing at UCLA. She attempted co-writing for other artists in 2012, an experience she has stated gave her "devil horns and PTSD". She has been touring since 2013. In between she has been writing and arranging new material. She began producing a new album in 2014 and is looking for a record label to help publish it, although she is also considering an independent release.

In October 2015, Nalick started to solicit contributions on PledgeMusic to release her new album. On October 18, 2017, Nalick released her third full-length album At Now to her PledgeMusic supporters as an early release. The official release date for this album was October 19, 2017, the same day she began a two-week tour to promote her new album. During 2018, Nalick collaborated with Justin Levinson on a new single titled "A Part of Me".

2019–present: The Blackest Crow
In 2019, Nalick signed with Chesky Records, and released The Blackest Crow on December 6. The album is a collection of covers spanning works from the 1940s to the 1990s, recorded in a single day in a decommissioned church in Brooklyn, New York.

Awards and nominations
{| class=wikitable ! Year !! Awards !! Work !! Category !! Result
 * rowspan=2|2006
 * Teen Choice Awards
 * rowspan=2|Herself
 * Choice Music: Breakout Artist - Female
 * Nominated
 * New Music Awards
 * AC Female Artist of the Year
 * Won
 * rowspan=2|2007
 * ASCAP Pop Music Awards
 * rowspan=2|"Breathe (2 AM)"
 * Most Performed Song
 * Won
 * Groovevolt Music and Fashion Awards
 * Best Pop Song Performance - Female
 * Nominated
 * Groovevolt Music and Fashion Awards
 * Best Pop Song Performance - Female
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

title: Anna Nalick