text:
Talk:Real-Time Streaming Protocol

RTSP vs. RTP
How different is RTSP from RTP? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.101.73.166 (talk • contribs) 12:46, 24 February 2005

 * Let me answer that question with another question: How different is an airplane from an airport?
 * Seriously, you're comparing two things that have totaly different functions. RTSP is your remote, RTP is your TV. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.224.83.20 (talk • contribs) 19:07, 15 September 2005

Removed Disadvantages
The article had a "Disadvantages", which only listed this: "Because RTSP is a real-time protocol, it is not as practical as http or ftp when trying to download files onto a hard drive for later use."

I removed it, because RTSP is NOT a "real time protocol" in this sense! As I explained above, RTSP is just the "remote". True, it's typically used with RTP to do the "real time streaming" part, but then this disadvantage is more appropriate with RTP.

By the way, RTSP CAN be used to download files using http or ftp. You just ask the server for a describe, and get an SDP file back, which tells the location of a http or ftp server (I'm quite sure SDP allows this). You wouldn't initiate the download using RTSP once you have the SDP. (I'd be surprissed if this is used anywhere, it's quite pointless.)

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 157.193.214.17 (talk) 06:42, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

RtpRtspStack - I cant find it
RtpRtspStack. Google search results just show me same wiki pages as this one. So where do I find more information about RtpRtspStack? Does the author, who put the note to this streaming server in this article, make a typo error? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.228.181.6 (talk) 12:32, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Given the current page makes no mention of RtpRtspStack (and the only occurrence of 'stack' looks nothing like that), perhaps this comment needs to be deleted. --202.74.169.146 (talk) 01:40, 12 January 2016 (UTC)

FFMpeg has documentation on RTSP
The main article needs to be updated as it indicates that FFmpeg supports RTSP but without documentation.

The documentation can be found in:

http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg.html#rtsp

Omoreno (talk) 16:08, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, this seems like dated information, based on your link. Any objections to changing the article?  —fudoreaper (talk) 03:52, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

 * If there's anything that needs to be updated in ffmpeg please do that too. --Kvng (talk) 14:02, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Okay guys I made the change. I cited the FFmpeg documentation, and removed all the chatter about no references. RTSP was already mentioned in FFmpeg, but I did make a formatting change to make a bulletted list rather than prose. Should be good on those two articles for now. —fudoreaper (talk) 02:04, 12 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks! --Kvng (talk) 12:45, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

Deprecation of UDP transport?
Description of DESCRIBE request asserts that the UDP transport is: "deprecated and very rarely used". As a person, who is actively involved in software development in the area of IP video surveillance and security products, I would like to assure you, that this information is completely incorrect. The most valuable ability of a resource constrained IP CCTV camera/network server is the multi-cast ability of a media stream to multiple destinations. The multi-cast is available only by using the RTP-over-UDP protocol - a one of several RTSP transports. Not only that, but also, the UDP transport is the best way of achieving the maximum throughput of a video/audio stream between a producer and consumer device over an IP network. In fact, the most recent and arguably the most widely accepted standard in the area of IP-based physical security is the ONVIF standard (www.onvif.org), which requires the UDP transport as mandatory for any product claiming compatibility the the ONVIF standard. Please review the topic and correct any unconfirmed claims. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.110.179.226 (talk) 08:49, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

 * You missed what it talked about. You're referring (explicitly) about RTP-over-UDP, and instead the article referred to RTSP-over-UDP. Which has nothing to do with video quality, throughput or whatever else. Sigh. Time to fix the article again I guess. Flameeyes (talk) 12:57, 4 May 2014 (UTC)

Indefinite article
See Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents and Talk:XMPP. Andrewa (talk) 15:13, 24 May 2013 (UTC)

"RTSP using RTP and RTCP allows for the implementation of rate adaptation.[further explanation needed]"
I think that this statement is supposed to mean that packet loss feedback from RTCP reports tell the sender to lower bitrate, but I wouldn't mind some feedback regarding a better explanation and clarification of the sentence as it currently stands at the end of the lead section. korbnep «talk» 20:51, 15 August 2013 (UTC)

RTSP does not mandate use of RTP
It seems to be implied (incorrectly) that RTSP will trigger an RTP stream exclusively. Suggest using the more generic "stream" nomenclature (mirroring RFC 2326 ) when discussing RTSP unless discussing something specific to RTP in regards to RTSP. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.91.184.221 (talk) 18:53, 17 June 2016 (UTC)

RTP section
The relationship between "RTSP" and "RTP" is confusing in this article (and in general). I'll accept my share of the blame for that.

I'm going to note my conflict-of-interest up front. I was one of the co-authors of RTSP 1.0 and RTSP 2.0, and I was RealNetworks' representative in our discussions with others at the IETF. However, I'm a very experienced Wikipedia editor (editing since 2001) and I haven't really been dealing with RTSP since leaving RealNetworks in 2005 (though Magnus Westerlund generously left several of us in the heading of the publication of RFC 7826 in 2016, even though many of us moved on to other things).

The paragraph about RealNetworks' use of the proprietary "RDT" alternative to RTP should be moved out of the introduction of the article, and into a new " section. I'm planning on making that change very soon, but I wanted to let people know why I'm making the change.  All of the "Real-" this and "Real-" that references in the first paragraph make for a confusing introduction to readers of the article.

So my plan is to create an "#RTP" section in the Real Time Streaming Protocol article. More in a bit... -- RobLa (talk) 11:33, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Real-Time Streaming Protocol


text:
Jacob Palis

Jacob Palis Jr. (born 15 March 1940) is a Brazilian mathematician and professor. Palis' research interests are mainly dynamical systems and differential equations. Some themes are global stability and hyperbolicity, bifurcations, attractors and chaotic systems.

Biography
Jacob Palis was born in Uberaba, Minas Gerais. His father was a Lebanese immigrant, and his mother was a Syrian immigrant. The couple had eight children (five men and three women), and Jacob was the youngest. His father was a merchant, owner of a large store, and supported and funded the studies of his children. Palis said that he already enjoyed mathematics in his childhood.

At 16, Palis moved to Rio de Janeiro to study engineering at the University of Brazil – now UFRJ. He was approved in first place in the entrance exam, but was not old enough to be accepted; he then had to take the university's entry exam again a year later, at which again he obtained first place. He completed the course in 1962 with honours and receiving the award for the best student.

In 1964, he moved to the United States. In 1966 he obtained his master's degree in mathematics under the guidance of Stephen Smale at the University of California, Berkeley, and in 1968 his PhD, with the thesis On Morse-Smale Diffeomorphisms, again with Smale as advisor.

In 1968, he returned to Brazil and became a researcher at the Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Since 1973 he has held a permanent position as professor at IMPA, where he was director from 1993 until 2003. He was Secretary-General of the Third World Academy of Sciences from 2004 to 2006, and elected its president in 2006 and remained on position till December 2012. He was also president of the International Mathematical Union from 1999 to 2002. He was president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences from 2007 to 2016. Palis has advised more than forty PhD students so far from more than ten countries, including Artur Oscar Lopes, Ricardo Mañé, Welington de Melo, Carlos Gustavo Moreira, Enrique Pujals and Marcelo Viana.

Awards and honors
Palis has received numerous medals and decorations. He is a foreign member of several academies of sciences, including the United States National Academy of Sciences, the French Academy of Sciences and German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. In 2005 Palis received the Legion of Honor.

He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. In 2010 he was awarded the Balzan Prize for his fundamental contributions in the mathematical theory of dynamical systems that has been the basis for many applications in various scientific disciplines, such as in the study of oscillations. He is also a recipient of the 1988 TWAS Prize.

Selected publications

 * On Morse-Smale Dynamical Systems, Topology 19, 1969 (385–405).
 * Structural Stability Theorems, with S. Smale, Proceedings of the Institute on Global Analysis, American Math. Society, Vol. XIV, 1970 (223–232).
 * Cycles and Bifurcations Theory, with S. Newhouse, Asterisque 31, Société Mathématique de France, 1976 (44–140).
 * The Topology of Holomorphic Flows near a Singularity, with C. Camacho and N. Kuiper, Publications Math.Institut Hautes Études Scientifiques 48, 1978 (5–38).
 * Moduli of Stability and Bifurcation Theory, Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, Helsinki, 1978 (835–839).
 * Stability of Parameterized Families of Gradient Vector Fields, with F. Takens, Annals of Mathematics 118, 1983 (383–421).
 * Cycles and Measure of Bifurcation Sets for Two-Dimensional Diffeomorphisms, with F. Takens, Inventiones Mathematicae 82, 1985 (397–422).
 * Homoclinic Orbits, Hyperbolic Dynamic and Fractional Dimensions of Cantor Sets (Lefschetz Centennial Conference) Contemporary Mathematics - American Mathematical Society, 58, 1987 (203–216).
 * Hyperbolicity and Creation of Homoclinic Orbits, with F.Takens, Annals of Mathematics 125, 1987 (337–374).
 * On the C1 Omega-Stability Conjecture, Publications Math. Institut Hautes Études Scientifiques, 66, 1988 (210–215).
 * Bifurcations and Global Stability of Two-Parameter Families of Gradient Vector Fields with M. J. Carneiro, Publications Math. Institut Hautes Études Scientifiques 70, 1990 (103–168).
 * "Homoclinic Tangencies for Hyperbolic Sets of Large Hausdorff Dimension", with J. C. Yoccoz, Acta Mathematica 172, 1994, pp. 91–136.
 * High Dimension Diffeomorphisms Displaying Infinitely Many Sinks, with M. Viana, Annals of Mathematics 140, 1994 (207–250).
 * A Global View of Dynamics and a Conjecture on the Denseness of Finitude of Attractors. Astérisque. France:, v. 261, pp. 339–351, 2000.
 * Homoclinic tangencies and fractal invariants in arbitrary dimension, with C. Moreira and M. Viana, C R Ac Sc Paris., 2001.
 * Nonuniformily hyperbolic horseshoes unleashed by homoclinic bifurcations and zero density of attractors, with J.-C. Yoccoz, C R Ac Sc Paris., 2001.
 * Books published
 * Geometric Theory of Dynamical Systems, with W. de Melo. Springer-Verlag, 1982; also published in Portuguese, Russian and Chinese.
 * Hyperbolicity and Sensitive-Chaotic Dynamics at Homoclinic Bifurcations, Fractal Dimensions and Infinitely Many Attractors, with F. Takens. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1993; Second Edition, 1994.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jacob Palis


text:
Charlie McCoy

Charlie McCoy (born Charles Ray McCoy, March 28, 1941) is an American harmonica virtuoso and multi-instrumentalist in country music. He is best known for his harmonica solos on iconic recordings such as Candy Man (Roy Orbison), He Stopped Loving Her Today (George Jones), I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool (Barbara Mandrell), and others. He was a member of the progressive country rock bands Area Code 615 and Barefoot Jerry. After recording with Bob Dylan in New York, McCoy is credited for unknowingly influencing Dylan to decide to come to Nashville to record the critically acclaimed 1966 album "Blonde on Blonde".

A prolific session musician, McCoy performed on many recordings by established artists, including Elvis Presley (on eight of his film sound tracks), Bob Dylan, Johnny Cash, Chet Atkins, Waylon Jennings, Roy Orbison, Leon Russell, and Loretta Lynn. In the recording industry, he was known as the "utility man" because of his ability to play with sufficient skill on many different instruments in addition to the harmonica; for example, he played trumpet on Dylan's "Rainy Day Women ♯12 & 35", saxophone on Roy Orbison's "Oh, Pretty Woman", and bass harmonica on Simon and Garfunkel's "The Boxer". For Elvis Presley's 1965 film Harum Scarum (soundtrack), he played guitar, harmonica, organ, and vibraphone.

He is a member of three halls of fame, including the Country Music Hall of Fame and the West Virginia Music Hall of Fame; he was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2007 as a part of a group of session musicians dubbed "The Nashville A-Team". For 19 years, McCoy worked as music director for Nashville's popular television show, Hee Haw. In 2022, he became a member of the Grand Ole Opry. His memoir, Fifty Cents and a Box Top– The Creative Life of Nashville Session Musician Charlie McCoy, was published in 2017.

Early life
McCoy was born in Oak Hill, West Virginia, United States. His family moved to nearby Fayetteville when he was a boy and then to Miami, Florida. In 1949, at age 8, McCoy saw an advertisement in a comic book, that read: "Learn to play harmonica in seven days or your money back." It required a box top from a cereal product plus 50 cents. When the instrument arrived, McCoy found it hard to get any music out of it, and lost interest. Later, he moved to Florida to live with his father. On unpacking his suitcase, his father saw the harmonica. To McCoy's surprise, his dad picked it up and played "Home Sweet Home", both the melody and his own rhythmic accompaniment. This was the first time anyone had shown him how the instrument is properly played. McCoy was amazed, and a spark was struck. He soon learned to play 4 songs that he performed at his elementary school assembly. As he got older, he devoted himself to learning blues harmonica by listening to late-night radio broadcasts originating out of Nashville's WLAC. He acquired records of the great blues harmonica players by mail-order. He also learned to play the guitar, and in his teens, the bass and trumpet. While attending Southwest Miami high school, he put together a rock and roll band called "Charlie McCoy and the Agendas" as a guitarist and singer. At age sixteen he accompanied a friend to a Miami-based country music barn dance radio show called the "Old South Jamboree". Upon their arrival, McCoy's friend left him in the crowd and went to talk to "Happy" Harold Thaxton, the host of the show, with the intention of coaxing the reluctant McCoy up on stage to sing. McCoy's performance that night, along with the positive response from the audience, led to the band, Charlie McCoy and the Agendas, being signed to the Old South Jamboree. The band consisted of the following players: Donny Lytle, later known as Johnny Paycheck (bass); Bill Johnson (steel guitar); Charlie Justice (guitar); and Bill Phillips (vocals). Around the same time, the band also took part in a local rock and roll contest, winning first prize.

Development
Following an invitation from Mel Tillis, the eighteen-year-old McCoy went to Nashville, for a week's stay in 1959. During his visit he contacted numerous producers and record companies but to no avail. Discouraged, he returned to Miami. He enrolled at Miami University, majoring in musical education. His goal then was to become a music teacher. Meanwhile, he continued to perform on the "Jamboree". When the university's music faculty discovered that he was playing rock and roll for a square dance, they warned him not to continue with such "lower forms of music". McCoy replied that he was willing to quit his work at the barn dance if they would give him a scholarship. The faculty rejected his request.

McCoy, who still wanted to make a career in music, decided to return to Nashville, a difficult decision, because it meant quitting college, and would disappoint his father. Nevertheless, he applied for a job in Nashville as guitarist in Johny Ferguson's band. But when he arrived there, his job had already been taken. Ferguson felt bad about this, and decided to hire McCoy as a drummer instead. Unfortunately for McCoy, he had only rudimentary knowledge of drumming, but was desperate for a job. He bought a drum set and joined the group; unfortunately they were not well-received, and disbanded shortly thereafter their first job. McCoy said, "Even though I was still learning to play the drums, I wasn't the worst musician in the group". After a month of unemployment he joined Stonewall Jackson as a drummer. The job came to an end in the autumn that year. He then received a call from the booking agent Jim Denney, who informed him that Archie Bleyer of Cadence Records had listened to McCoy's tapes and wanted to sign him. McCoy cut his first single, "Cherry Berry Wine", for the Cadence label; it reached No. 99 on the Billboard chart. In Nashville, Denney advised him to do demo sessions and to concentrate on the harmonica. Next, McCoy joined Wayne Moss as a bass player, performing at Fort Campbell in Kentucky.

Big break
Chet Atkins heard one of McCoy's demo tapes and immediately hired him as a staff musician in May, 1961. His first recording session for RCA as a harmonica player was with an unknown singer from Sweden named Ann-Margret. She was beautiful, and only 18 at the time. He accompanied her on the song "I Just Don't Understand" Fred Foster of Monument Records then booked McCoy for McCoy's second session, this time with Roy Orbison, which included the song, "Candy Man". As the veteran musicians were tuning up, Orbison sang the song for them, accompanying himself on guitar. He said they needed to come up with an intro. McCoy immediately had an idea, but remained silent. Nothing was happening, the clock was ticking, and no one had anything. Finally, he played a motif quietly for veteran session guitarist, Harold Bradley, who said, "Hey guys, Charlie has a great idea." When the song became a million-seller, McCoy's performance drew notice by the music executives. He said, “After the song hit the radio, my phone started ringing ... and thank God, 61-years later, it's still ringing.” He continued to record for the Monument label without a written contract. His ability to give a creditable performance on many different instruments made him a good man to have on any session, and he became known as the "Utility Man" by producers. As examples, he played trumpet on Dylan's "Everybody Must Get Stoned", saxophone on Roy Orbison's "Pretty Woman", and bass harmonica on Simon and Garfunkel's "The Boxer". For Elvis Presley's 1965 film Harum Scarum (soundtrack), he played guitar, harmonica, organ, vibraphone. Although some of his singles and albums at this time did not sell, Foster believed in McCoy's music. Tex Davis, the promoter for Monument Records, was persuaded by Charlie Dillard of WPFA to release "Today I Started Loving You Again" from McCoy's second LP as a single. When it came out in 1972 it sold 750 000 copies and went to No. 16 in the Billboard country charts. His next album, The Real McCoy, won a Grammy at the 15th Annual Grammy Awards from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. His album Good Time Charlie reached No. 1 in the Billboard country chart. He has won two CMA Awards and seven ACM Awards.

The Dylan connection
McCoy was visiting in New York in 1965; his friend and producer, Bob Johnston, mentioned that he was producing a Bob Dylan session, and he invited McCoy to come and meet Dylan. They were recording tracks for the upcoming album. "Highway 61 Revisited ". After the introduction, McCoy was surprised when Dylan said that he personally owned one of McCoy's records, "Harpoon Man". Then Dylan said, "Hey, I'm getting ready to record a song, why don't you grab that guitar and play along." The song was "Desolation Row", and McCoy remembered that it was 11 minutes long. It took only two takes. The success of this impromptu session is credited in part with Dylan later agreeing to come to Nashville to record, and doing so against the wishes of his label and management executives. Several months later, McCoy got a call that Dylan was indeed coming to Nashville, and a date had been set. McCoy would be the session leader and was tasked with picking the musicians. It was a big deal back then, because Nashville's connection for recording with folk singers was not stellar.

In 1966, Dylan recorded "Blonde on Blonde" in Nashville, his seventh studio album, a double LP. McCoy brought Kenny Buttrey and Wayne Moss, Hargus Robbins, Jerry Kennedy, Henry Strzelecki, Joe South, and Wayne Butler. Dylan brought Robbie Robertson and Al Kooper. One session was booked for 2 pm, but Dylan did not arrive until 6 pm; he said he had not finished writing the first song. They ended the song "Sad-Eyed Lady of the Lowlands" at 4 am. McCoy said the album took 39 hours to record, "an eternity by Nashville standards".

Critics called Blonde on Blonde "a benchmark in American Music". In 2003, it was ranked number nine on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". McCoy said, "There were no folk-rock people performing here [Nashville] before Blonde on Blonde; and after that came out, it was like the floodgates opened...It was Joan Baez, Buffy Sainte-Marie, The Byrds, and Leonard Cohen."

Dylan returned to Nashville to Columbia Studios in late 1967 to record "John Wesley Harding", with McCoy playing bass. Dylan's third Nashville session was "Nashville Skyline" again featuring McCoy. Johnny Cash also performed on the album.

Success
From there, he went on to record with many other artists including Elvis Presley, Perry Como, Gordon Lightfoot, Joan Baez, Steve Miller Band, Johnny Cash, Roy Clark, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Kris Kristofferson, Paul Simon, Barefoot Jerry, on Ringo Starr's Beaucoups of Blues, on Gene Summers' Gene Summers in Nashville and 12 Golden Country Greats by Ween. In the fifteen-year period at the height of his activity, McCoy played on over 400 recording sessions per year. Some of his memorable harmonica solos were on (Old Dogs, Children and) Watermelon Wine (Tom T. Hall), Candy Man (Roy Orbison), He Stopped Loving Her Today (George Jones), and I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool"( Barbara Mandrell).

For 19 years McCoy worked as music director for the popular television show Hee Haw, and was a member of the Million Dollar Band, a group of all-star session musicians who performed on the show. On May 17, 2009, McCoy was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. He is a member of the International Musicians Hall of Fame and the West Virginia Music Hall of Fame. In May, 2016, West Virginia University awarded McCoy an Honorary Doctor of Musical Arts. In 2017, The West Virginia University Press published Fifty Cents and a Box Top: The Creative Life of Nashville Session Musician Charlie McCoy.

During the Saturday night broadcast on June 11, 2022, McCoy was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry by Vince Gill. The induction ceremony took place on July 13, 2022.

Personal life
McCoy has two children with his first wife and five grandchildren. Each of his grandchildren has contributed to one of his albums in some way. His second granddaughter did the artwork for three album covers (Somewhere Over The Rainbow, Smooth Sailing, Celtic Dreams) and sang on one of his Christmas CDs. His oldest granddaughter played flute and sang on a few of his albums. Each of the youngest three has sung on one of his albums, as has his son (Charlie, Jr.) and daughter (Ginger).

Television appearances as an artist

 * Hee Haw
 * Music City Tonight
 * Nashville Now
 * CMA Awards Show
 * Arthritis Telethon
 * The Mike Douglas Show
 * The Midnight Special
 * The Colgate Country Showdown
 * That Good Old Nashville Music
 * Pop Goes The Country
 * New Country
 * The Orange Blossom Special
 * The Hee Haw Honeys
 * The Johnny Cash Show
 * Prime Time Country
 * Nashville Swing Canada
 * The Val Doonican Show England
 * The West Virginia Music Hall Of Fame Awards Show 2008
 * Larry's Country Diner

Television shows as a music director

 * Hee Haw
 * The Colgate Country Showdown
 * The Nashville Palace
 * The Hee Haw Honeys
 * The Hee Haw 10th Anniversary Show
 * The Hee Haw 20th Anniversary Show
 * Happy New Year From Opryland
 * The Charlie Daniels Christmas Special
 * The Mickey Gilley Arthritis Telethon
 * Tootsie's, Where the Songs Began
 * Country Gold
 * The International Musicians Hall Of Fame Awards Show 2008

Collaborations

 * Highway 61 Revisited - Bob Dylan (1965)
 * Blonde on Blonde - Bob Dylan (1966)
 * John Wesley Harding - Bob Dylan (1967)
 * Country, My Way - Nancy Sinatra (1967)
 * How Great Thou Art - Elvis Presley (1967)
 * The Way I Feel - Gordon Lightfoot (1967)
 * I Stand Alone - Al Kooper (1968)
 * One Day at a Time - Joan Baez (1969)
 * Nashville Skyline - Bob Dylan (1970)
 * Easy Does It - Al Kooper (1970)
 * Beaucoups of Blues - Ringo Starr (1970)
 * Blessed Are... - Joan Baez (1971)
 * Elvis Country (I'm 10,000 Years Old) - Elvis Presley (1971)
 * Yesterday's Wine - Willie Nelson (1971)
 * Summer Side of Life - Gordon Lightfoot (1971)
 * Come from the Shadows - Joan Baez (1972)
 * Paul Simon - Paul Simon (1972)
 * He Touched Me - Elvis Presley (1972)
 * Really - J. J. Cale (1972)
 * Rock and Roll Resurrection - Ronnie Hawkins (1972)
 * Hank Wilson's Back Vol. I - Leon Russell (1973)
 * Spider Jiving – Andy Fairweather Low (1974)
 * Seven - Bob Seger (1974)
 * Don't Stop Believin' - Olivia Newton-John (1976)
 * Lovin' and Learnin' - Tanya Tucker (1976)
 * Honest Lullaby - Joan Baez (1979)
 * High Country Snows - Dan Fogelberg (1985)
 * Girls Like Me - Tanya Tucker (1986)
 * Greatest Hits Encore - Tanya Tucker (1990)
 * Let There Be Peace on Earth - Vince Gill (1994)
 * "Powder Blue" - Ween (1996)
 * The Houston Kid - Rodney Crowell (2001)
 * Fate's Right Hand - Rodney Crowell (2003)

title: Charlie McCoy


text: Template:Amphoe Sakon Nakhon

title: Template:Amphoe Sakon Nakhon


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Elizabeth Thoms Clark

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was ambiguous. I count 4 clear "delete" votes and 7 "keep" votes. However, 4 of the "keep" votes have to be thrown out as either mis-votes or anonymous users. That leaves a majority to delete, but not the overwhelming concensus necessary to carry out the deletion. The decision defaults to "keep".

However, I also note that several users commented on the low quality and possible bias of the article. I concur with that assessment and will mark it for clean-up. If not improved in a reasonable amount of time, it may become appropriate to renominate the article. Rossami (talk) 06:08, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Elizabeth Thoms Clark
Poet, but doesn't google. The article, however, is not really about her, but is a very POV criticism of her entry in the DNB. Radiant! 12:54, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The Recycling Troll 09:38, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. POV. Gamaliel 05:28, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable; not an article. —Korath (Talk) 05:39, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Wouldn't it be in breach of your policy of neutralism to delete it? Grounds for believing the woman's middle name is Thoms are 1) John Cairns' remembering she was at pains to correct his assumption she meant Thomson, her mother's maiden name, when it was Thoms, a different name from the other side of her family; & 2) Family Records has it as Thoms.  Either source might be mistaken but each corroborates the other & reinforces the probability Thoms is correct.  Either source for the Wikipedia entry is better than that cited for the middle name given in the DNB entry, her brother.  That entry cites no public record source.  For Wikipedia to drop its entry would be to endorse as true what, on the balance of probabilities, is false.  That would be iniquitous of Wikipedia.  Is my view that your deletion would be in breach of your policy correct, or not, in your view?  Deletion would not only be POV but erroneous POV.  Further, your entry backs up statements by quotations from the subject's letters, validating them.  (Archivist)
 * Other than a single vandalism last October, all of User:212.85.7.14's previous edits have been to the article; he is its sole author. —Korath (Talk) 16:31, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The John Cairns Archive is a useful sourse of information **unsigned vote from 62.249.208.64.  First edit.
 * DELETE --ZayZayEM 08:15, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I found this article extremely interesting and informative and vote to keep it,Taggart.
 * User:212.162.202.226's only edit. —Korath (Talk) 09:26, Mar 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: Very interesting.  Keith MacGregor Second vote from 62.249.208.64.
 * Keep- not famous, is notable. Bluemoose 17:01, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Vote came after the voting period is over. --Deathphoenix 20:05, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC) Removed in light of Korath's comment. --Deathphoenix 20:50, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * The voting period is not over until the discussion is closed. See the header of Votes for deletion/Old. —Korath (Talk) 20:25, Mar 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Author of published work is notable. The article is POV and needs a clean-up, however. --Theo  (Talk) 19:53, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Vote came after the voting period is over. --Deathphoenix 20:05, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC) Removed in light of Korath's comment. --Deathphoenix 20:50, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * As above. —Korath (Talk) 20:25, Mar 11, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Cat Bells

Cat Bells is a fell in the English Lake District in the county of Cumbria. It has a height of 451 m and is one of the most popular fells in the area. It is situated on the western shore of Derwentwater within 3 mi of the busy tourist town of Keswick. Its distinctive shape catches the attention of many visitors to the Lakes who feel compelled to climb to the summit after seeing it from the viewpoint of Friars' Crag on the opposite side of Derwentwater. The Lake District writer and walker Alfred Wainwright acknowledges the popularity of Cat Bells among fellwalkers of all abilities by saying: "'It is one of the great favourites, a family fell where grandmothers and infants can climb the heights together, a place beloved. Its popularity is well deserved: its shapely topknott attracts the eye offering a steep but obviously simple scramble.'"

Name
The fell's unusual name may well have come from a distortion of "Cat Bields" meaning shelter of the wild cat, although this is not certain. The fell's name is sometimes written as Catbells.

Topography
Cat Bells is the last fell on the ridge separating Derwentwater from the Newlands valley. It rises due south from Hawse End, reaching the summit in two distinct steps. The lower top is named Skelgill Bank. Beyond the summit of Cat Bells is the steep-sided depression of Hause Gate, before the ridge broadens and twists south westward to Maiden Moor.

Geology
The Cat Bells ridge is an example of the Buttermere Formation, an olistostrome of disrupted, sheared and folded mudstone, siltstone and sandstone.

Ascents
Nearly all ascents of Cat Bells start from Hawse End at the foot of the northern ridge; there is car parking here but the spaces soon get taken on busy summer days. Ascents can also be made from Grange and from Newlands. Hawse End is also served by the Derwentwater Motor Launch and this enables visitors to Keswick to combine a sail on the lake with an ascent of the fell. Many walkers who reach the top of Cat Bells return to their starting point after admiring the view: however, strong walkers can continue along the ridge to take in the fells of Maiden Moor, High Spy, Dale Head, Hindscarth and Robinson to give a horseshoe walk which ends in the Newlands valley close to Hawse End.

Summit
The summit is all rock with many loose stones lying amid the small outcrops. The view from the top of Cat Bells gives a fine panorama which is dominated by the aerial view of Derwentwater. Bassenthwaite Lake, the Newlands Valley, Skiddaw and Keswick all show well to the north, while the view south has a fine vista of Borrowdale.

Mining
Although Cat Bells is renowned as a "family fell" it does have some dangers especially from the disused lead mines on its slopes. The Yewthwaite mine, which is on the western side of the fell has extensive spoil heaps and shafts. Many of the shafts were previously open and dangerous but most have now been blocked off. The Brandlehow and Old Brandley Mine worked a lode for lead ore on the Derwentwater (eastern) side of the fell. All three mines ceased production in the 1890s.

Literary associations

 * On the lower slopes of the fell above Derwentwater stands Brackenburn Lodge, now holiday accommodation but formerly the home of Hugh Walpole who wrote the Herries series of books when he lived here from 1924 to his death in 1941, in what he called "a little paradise on Cat Bells".
 * Beatrix Potter placed the home of Mrs Tiggy-Winkle on the east slopes of Cat Bells.

 * A poem celebrating this wonderful fell Cat Bells - A Villanelle

Memorials
On the lower slopes of the fell is a memorial stone to Thomas Arthur Leonard (1864-1948), a pioneer of outdoor holidays for working people who founded the Co-operative Holidays Association and the Holiday Fellowship.

title: Cat Bells


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Emotional disturbance

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Rossami (talk) 06:12, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Emotional disturbance
Despite what this article says, emotional disturbance is not a catagory (sic) of Special Education. The name might serve as a redirect to a psy article, but what is stated here is meaningless. Radiant! 12:55, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Eminently deletable - David Gerard 12:51, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, the term emotionally disturbed, or ED, was formerly used as a term/category within special education, although I think it was discontinued in the late 1990s. Abstain. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)  07:19, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--ZayZayEM 08:15, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Henry Conyngham, 1st Marquess Conyngham

Henry Burton Conyngham, 1st Marquess Conyngham, (26 December 1766 – 28 December 1832), known as The Lord Conyngham between 1787 and 1789, as The Viscount Conyngham (2nd creation) between 1789 and 1797 and as The Earl Conyngham (2nd creation) between 1797 and 1815, was an Anglo-Irish courtier and politician of the Regency period. He served as Lord Steward between 1821 and 1830.

Background
Conyngham was born in London, England, the elder twin son of Francis Conyngham, 2nd Baron Conyngham, by his wife Elizabeth Clements, daughter of Nathaniel Clements. He was the elder twin brother of Sir Francis Conyngham and the nephew of William Conyngham.

Political career
Conyngham succeeded his father in the barony in May 1787, aged twenty. In May 1789 he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. In December of the same year, he was created Viscount Conyngham, of Slane in the County of Meath, in the Peerage of Ireland. He was further honoured when he was made Viscount Mount Charles, of Mount Charles in the County of Donegal, and Earl Conyngham, of Mount Charles in the County of Donegal, in the Irish peerage in 1797.

In August 1800, he was elected as one of the twenty-eight original Irish representative peer to sit in the British House of Lords.

He was made a Knight of St Patrick the following year (1801). In 1803, he was appointed Governor of County Donegal, a post he held until 1831, and Custos Rotulorum of County Clare in 1808, which he remained until his death.

In January 1816, he was created Viscount Slane, in the County of Meath, Earl of Mount Charles and Marquess Conyngham, of the County of Donegal, in the Irish peerage. In July 1821, he was created Baron Minster, of Minster Abbey in the County of Kent, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

In December 1821, he was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Lord Steward, a post he retained until 1830.

From 1829 until his death in 1832 he served as Constable and Governor of Windsor Castle.

Family
Lord Conyngham married Elizabeth Denison, daughter of the wealthy banker Joseph Denison. They had three sons and two daughters. Their eldest son, Henry Conyngham, Earl of Mount Charles, predeceased his father. Their third son Lord Albert Conyngham succeeded to the vast Denison estates on the death of his maternal uncle, assumed the surname Denison and was created Baron Londesborough in 1850. The Marchioness Conyngham was a mistress of George IV. Lord Conyngham died at Hamilton Place, London, in December 1832, aged 66, and was succeeded by his second but eldest surviving son, Francis. The Marchioness Conyngham died in Canterbury, Kent, in October 1861.

title: Henry Conyngham, 1st Marquess Conyngham


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Enright

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep the rewritten version.

Comment: I'm afraid that I have to disagree with BM. The original version, while deletable, was not so bad that it required deletion from the edit history (as, for example, a copyvio would). The correction to make this a good article should be encouraged. Rossami (talk) 06:15, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Enright
Neologism that doesn't google. Radiant! 12:59, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Does not appear in the English slang and colloquialisms used in the United Kingdom dictionary. HyperZonktalk 16:51, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete the nonsense that's here now, and replace it with a disambig page between Olwyn Enright, Derek Enright, D. J. Enright, and any other notable Enrights. Raven42 23:21, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Name Disambiguation Articles R Us Uncle G 01:40, 2005 Feb 25 (UTC)
 * It's now a name disambig, as it should be - David Gerard 12:51, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment.  Again, I'll note that Uncle G should stop doing this.   All he has to do is wait 5 days until the article originally submitted to VfD is deleted before he grabs the topic. It may seem clever to swoop in and change VfD-ed articles to a different topic, but it is equivalent to blanking the article during the course of a VfD, and it is not correct.  --BM 23:00, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Enright


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Electronic Frontiers Australia

Electronic Frontiers Australia Inc. (EFA) is a non-profit Australian national non-government organisation representing Internet users concerned with online liberties and rights. It has been vocal on the issue of Internet censorship in Australia.

Its main objective is to protect and promote the civil liberties of users and operators of computer-based communications systems such as the Internet. It also advocates the amendment of laws and regulations in Australia and elsewhere which restrict free speech as well educating the community at large about the social, political, and civil-liberties issues involved in the use of computer-based communications systems.

The organisation has warned against privacy invasions following the distribution of a draft code of practice for ISPs and their response to cybercrime. It has also warned against intellectual property clauses in free trade agreements between Australia and the United States.

History
EFA was created in 1994. Its founders were inspired by the US-based Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), but EFA is not affiliated with the EFF. EFA is a founding member of the Global Internet Liberty Campaign.

In June 1997, the EFA acquired redacted copies of the Walsh Report under the Freedom of Information Act 1982, and released the redacted version on their site.

In 1999, the organisation moved against legislation aiming to filter internet pornography and other material deemed unfit for public consumption online that was pursued by politicians such as Brian Harradine.

The EFA spoke out against the rulings in relation to convicted Holocaust denier Fredrick Töben and his Adelaide Institute, taking the view that "when encountering racist or hateful speech, the best remedy to be applied is generally more speech, not enforced silence." One of the reasons mentioned is that suppressing such content results in perception that the speaker must have something important to say, and "massively increased interest in what would otherwise be marginal ideas."

In 2006, the EFA pushed against Cleanfeed, a mandatory ISP level content filtration system proposed by Kim Beazley. Internet filtering was later pursued by Telecommunications Minister Stephen Conroy. The EFA presented a petition against mandatory internet filtering with 19,000 signatures to the Australian Senate.

title: Electronic Frontiers Australia


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International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions

The International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions (ICEM) was a global union federation of trade unions. As of November 2007, ICEM represented 467 industrial trade unions in 132 countries, claiming a membership of over 20 million workers.

History
The federation was founded in 1995 in Washington, DC, when the Miners' International Federation merged with the International Federation of Chemical and General Workers' Unions. In 2000, the small Universal Alliance of Diamond Workers merged into the federation, while in 2007, the World Federation of Industry Workers joined. In June 2012, affiliates of ICEM merged into the new global federation IndustriALL Global Union.

The organization represented workers employed in a wide range of industries, including energy, mining, chemicals and bioscience, pulp and paper, rubber, gems and jewellery, glass, ceramics, cement, environmental services and others.

Organization and activities
The international headquarters of ICEM was variously based in Brussels, Belgium, and Geneva, Switzerland, where meetings of the Presidium and the executive committee were held. These governing bodies organized activities on a higher level while the regional offices organized regional conferences, workshops and solidarity actions. The Presidium oversaw the grand line of ICEM whilst the executive committee was more involved in the day-to-day routine of the organization. Every four years, starting in 1995, a worldwide congress was organized in which new committee members were elected and policies were changed. The congresses were held in the following order:

 * Washington, DC, 1995.
 * Durban, South Africa, in November 1999.
 * Stavanger, Norway, in August 2003.
 * Bangkok, Thailand, in November 2007.

The regional offices dealt with specific geographical areas such as Africa, Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean and North America. The regional office of the Asia Pacific area was housed in Seoul, South Korea. This regional office was one of the most active offices of ICEM.

ICEM supported many strikes in various regions including the strike of 7 October 1998 in Russia by communists and the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia during the 1998 Russian Financial Crisis. Affiliates of ICEM have also organized protests in South Africa. ICEM worked together with human rights and environmental activists who were in conflict with multinationals such as Rio Tinto by raising awareness and funding research.

ICEM published two quarterly bulletins called ICEM Info and ICEM Global which merged in 2002 to become ICEM Global Info.

Research
Richard Croucher and Elizabeth Cotton's book Global Unions, Global Business contains a case study of the ICEM's dealings with the Anglo-American mining company. This is in Chapter Eight. The book is published by Middlesex University Press (2009). ISBN 978-1-904750-62-8.

The archive of ICEM is housed in the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam and is open to the public.

General Secretaries

 * 1995: Vic Thorpe
 * 1999: Fred Higgs
 * 2007: Manfred Warda

Presidents

 * 1995: Hans Berger Germany
 * 1999/2003: John Maitland Australia
 * 2005: Senzeni ZokwanaSouth Africa


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Stenopodidea

The Stenopodidea or boxer shrimps are a small group of decapod crustaceans. Often confused with Caridea shrimp or Dendrobranchiata prawns, they are neither, belonging to their own group.

Anatomy
They can be differentiated from the Dendrobranchiata prawns by their lack of branching gills, and by the fact that they brood their eggs instead of directly releasing them into the water. They differ from the Caridea shrimp by their greatly enlarged third pair of legs.

Taxonomy
Stenopodidea belongs to the order Decapoda, and is most closely related to the Caridea and Procarididea infraorders of shrimp. The cladogram below shows Stenopodidea's relationships to other relatives within Decapoda, from analysis by Wolfe et al., 2019.

There are 71 extant species currently recognized within Stenopodidea, divided into 12 genera. Three fossil species are also recognized, each belonging to a separate genus. The earliest fossil assigned to the Stenopodidea is Devonostenopus pennsylvaniensis from the Devonian. Until D. pennsylvaniensis was discovered, the oldest known member of the group was Jilinicaris chinensis from the Late Cretaceous.

The cladogram below shows Stenopodidea's internal relationships:

Stenopodidea comprises the following families and genera:

 * Macromaxillocarididae Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006
 * Macromaxillocaris Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006
 * Spongicolidae Schram, 1986
 * Engystenopus Alcock & Anderson, 1894
 * Globospongicola Komai & Saito, 2006
 * Jilinicaris † Schram, Shen, Vonk & Taylor, 2000
 * Microprosthema Stimpson, 1860
 * Paraspongicola De Saint Laurent & Cléva, 1981
 * Spongicola De Haan, 1844
 * Spongicoloides Hansen, 1908
 * Spongiocaris Bruce & Baba, 1973
 * Stenopodidae Claus, 1872
 * Devonostenopus † Jones et al., 2014
 * Juxtastenopus Goy, 2010
 * Odontozona Holthuis, 1946
 * Phoenice † Garassino, 2001
 * Richardina A. Milne-Edwards, 1881
 * Stenopus Latreille, 1819

title: Stenopodidea


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Frederik van Zyl Slabbert

Frederik van Zyl Slabbert GCOB (2 March 1940 – 14 May 2010) was a South African political analyst, businessman and politician. He is best known for having been the leader of the official opposition – the Progressive Federal Party (PFP) – in the House of Assembly from 1979 to 1986.

Early life, education and academic career
Born in Pretoria to an Afrikaner family, Slabbert grew up in Pietersburg (now Polokwane) in northern Transvaal (now the Limpopo Province of South Africa). He matriculated from Pietersburg's Afrikaans High School in 1958. After graduating, he studied theology at the University of Stellenbosch for 18 months before deciding that sociology was his calling. He completed a BA Honours at the university, and a doctorate in 1967.

After completing his studies he worked as a sociology lecturer at Stellenbosch University, Rhodes University and the University of Cape Town. In 1973, he was appointed head of the sociology department of the University of the Witwatersrand.

Political career
During his academic studies, Slabbert developed an active interest in politics, which led him to reject apartheid and to stand for a seat on Stellenbosch University's Students' Representative Council. He lost the election as he was considered to be too liberal.

In the 1974 general election, Slabbert stood for election as a Progressive Party (PP) candidate for the constituency of Rondebosch.

Although he was not expected to win the seat, he beat the United Party (UP) candidate by 1,600 votes. Slabbert defended and retained this seat in the parliamentary elections of 1977 and 1981.

Slabbert rose through the ranks of the PP and came to play an important role in the development of the party's ideology, particularly as the chairman of its Constitutional Committee. Using his influence, he helped to position the PP and its later incarnations as a liberal movement which advocated the creation of a non-racial democracy in South Africa. A respect for individual liberty became a cornerstone of the PP because of the work of Slabbert and others.

In 1979, he became leader of the Progressive Federal Party (PFP), a grouping formed after the PP merged with various other liberal elements, most notably Harry Schwarz's Reform Party. The PFP fared well in the 1981 elections, increasing its representation in the House of Assembly from 17 to 26 seats.

In 1986, Slabbert resigned from his position as leader of the opposition because he felt that Parliament was becoming an irrelevant institution in the context of South Africa's political problems. Prior to his resignation, he published a book entitled The Last White Parliament in which he explained his actions, and his predictions for the future of South Africa.

Following his resignation, Slabbert and Alex Boraine, a fellow PFP MP, formed the liberal think tank IDASA (Institute for Democracy in Africa) with funding from, among others, the Ford Foundation, the United States Agency for International Development and the National Endowment for Democracy. Critics from the left charged that it "pushed an essentially neoliberal agenda" focussing on limited forms of representative democracy in which economic questions were not subject to democratic control.

As head of IDASA, Slabbert played a leading role in initiating dialogue between white South Africans and the African National Congress (ANC). His efforts led to the Dakar Conference of 1987, which took place between the anti-apartheid movement and leading (mainly Afrikaner) politicians, academics and businessmen in Senegal. This conference represented the first step towards dismantling apartheid and informed subsequent negotiations (CODESA) which changed the course of South Africa's history.

In 2002, Slabbert was appointed by the then Minister of Home Affairs, with the approval of Cabinet, as the chair of the Electoral Task Team. The team had the responsibility of coming up with a new Electoral Act for South Africa. The task team completed its work by early 2003, and presented a report to Cabinet, including draft legislation, recommending a closed-list, mixed member proportional electoral system. However, the team's recommendations were never implemented.

Business career
From the 1990s until his death, Slabbert was a successful entrepreneur and businessperson. Slabbert also worked as regional facilitator for the George Soros-backed funding organisation, the Open Society Initiative of Southern Africa, which identifies and invests in worthy projects in nine African countries.

In addition, he co-founded Khula — a black investment trust — in 1990. Slabbert was appointed as chairman of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed Adcorp Holdings in 1998 and also sat on the boards of several other JSE-listed companies such as Wooltru, Investec, Caxton and Radiospoor.

Final years
Slabbert was appointed as the 13th chancellor of Stellenbosch University on 1 August 2008, but he suffered a heart attack at the end of the same year, an event that led to him having a pacemaker inserted. He resigned from the post for health reasons in September 2009.

In early May 2010, Slabbert was discharged from hospital after receiving treatment for a liver related illness. He died at home on 14 May 2010. Slabbert was survived by his wife Jane and two children from his first marriage—Tania and Riko. He reportedly was bitter because he gave his whole life to the struggle of the ANC and felt betrayed when Thabo Mbeki didn't appoint him as a Minister.

Legacy
Many public figures in South Africa paid tribute to Slabbert for the role he played in ending apartheid.

In 2004, Slabbert was voted 82nd in the Top 100 Great South Africans.

Works

 * South Africa's Options: Strategies for Sharing with David Welsh. London: Rex Collings (1979). ISBN 0-86036-116-0
 * The Last White Parliament: The Struggle for South Africa, by the Leader of the White Opposition. Sidgwick & Jackson (1986). ISBN 0-283-99349-9
 * Comrades in Business: Post-Liberation Politics in South Africa with Heribert Adam and Kogila Moodley. Cape Town: Tafelberg Publishers (1998). ISBN 0-624-03601-4
 * Tough Choices: Reflections of an Afrikaner African. Cape Town: Tafelberg Publishers (2000). ISBN 0-624-03880-7
 * The Other Side of History: An Anecdotal Reflection on Political Transition in South Africa. Johannesburg & Cape Town: Jonathan Ball Publishers (2006). ISBN 1-86842-250-X (Also in Afrikaans as Duskant die geskiedenis, ISBN 0-624-04357-6.)

As editor

 * Youth in the New South Africa: Towards Policy Formulation – Main Report of the Co-Operative Research Programme: South African Youth.

title: Frederik van Zyl Slabbert


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Academy Scientific and Technical Award

The Scientific and Technical Awards are three different Honorary Awards that are given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) during the annual Academy Awards season. The Awards have been presented since the 4th Academy Awards in November 1931, to recognize original developments resulting in significant improvements in motion picture production and exhibition. The Awards are presented at a formal dinner ceremony a couple weeks before the principal Academy Awards ceremony.

These awards recognize significant milestones in the development of technology for motion pictures and are conferred by vote of the Academy Board of Governors. Potential nominations for awards are investigated by a special committee within the Academy, "The Scientific and Technical Awards Committee", which presents a written report and recommendation to the Board of Governors.

Additionally, the John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation, given for "outstanding service and dedication in upholding the high standards of the Academy", and the Gordon E. Sawyer Award, both also considered Honorary Awards, are usually also chosen by the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee and conferred at this annual presentation dinner ceremony.

Three kinds of Scientific and Technical Awards
Innovations in motion pictures technology are recognized with the following awards:
 * 1) Academy Award of Merit – an Academy statuette (an Oscar);
 * 2) Scientific and Engineering Award – an Academy bronze tablet; and
 * 3) Technical Achievement Award – an Academy certificate.

Award of Merit
From the 4th Academy Awards in 1931 through the 50th Academy Awards in 1978 the award was originally called the "Class I Scientific and Technical Award." The award is non-competitive. Winners receive an Oscar statuette. , 50 achievements have been recognized with an Award of Merit.

Scientific and Engineering Award
The Scientific and Engineering Award is given for scientific achievements that produce a definite influence on the advancement of the motion picture industry. Achievements need not have been developed and introduced during the award year.

title: Academy Scientific and Technical Award


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Huuto.net

Huuto.net is a Finnish online auctioning website. It was established in 1999 and has been owned by ePrice Oy since 2019.

The main differences between Huuto.net and eBay are:
 * Listing items on Huuto.net is free of charge. Users who have sold over 50 items in the last 12 months are charged a fee should an item sell, the same as eBay.
 * Sellers can store "templates" of up to five items within their accounts for future editing and listing. eBay users need an app like TurboLister to do this, although TurboLister is not limited to five items.
 * Huuto.net uses conventional bidding and proxy bidding. The first bid however is raised from the seller's start bid, and does not begin at that price.
 * Huuto.net does not (as of May 2014) offer PayPal as a payment method.
 * "Standard" users cannot message other users. Users are required to upgrade (for a fee) to get this facility.
 * Positive, neutral or negative (e.g.: those who fail to pay, etc.) feedback can be left for buyers. This was removed from eBay some time ago.

The name of the website is derived from huutokauppa (Finnish for "auction").

On August 18, 2007, Huuto.net had more than 500,000 items on sale. By March 26, 2014, this had risen to over 1.8 million items.

History
Huuto.net was created in January 1999 by Lari Lohikoski in Helsinki. It was a private service until the art auction Bukowskis bought it from Lohikoski in September 1999. Bukowski announced they would develop Huuto.net into an international auction of collectibles, but it was never done. Instead, they sold the website to Sonera Plaza Oyj in May 2001. After the fusion of Sonera Plaza with Sonera, which later combined with Telia to form TeliaSonera, Huuto.net followed along.

TeliaSonera concentrated heavily on its telephone operator business and neglected many unrelated branches, Huuto.net being one of them. Thus, the website did not develop much in the ownership of TeliaSonera and its functionality suffered. In June 2005 TeliaSonera sold Huuto.net to Ilta-Sanomat Oy and the website became the most popular Finnish classified advertising service. In 2019 Huuto.net was sold to ePrice Oy.

title: Huuto.net


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Brian Conley

Brian Paul Conley (born 7 August 1961) is an English actor, comedian, singer and television presenter. Conley has been the host of The Brian Conley Show, as well as presenting the Royal Variety Performance on eight occasions. In his 40-year television career, he has starred in multiple award-winning television sitcoms including Time After Time and The Grimleys. In the West End, he has played the lead role in musicals such as Me and My Girl, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Hairspray, Oliver!, The Music Man, Barnum and Jolson for which he was nominated for a prestigious Laurence Olivier Award. As a musician, he has released five albums, including Brian Conley Sings, Let the Good Times Roll, and Stage to Stage. He has won numerous awards in his career including The National Television Award for Most Popular Comedy Performer, Best Live Performer in Manchester Evening News and a British Comedy Award.

From 2021 to 2023, Conley appeared as Tom "Rocky" Cotton in the BBC soap opera EastEnders.

Early life
Conley was born on 7 August 1961 in Paddington, London. His father, Colin, was a taxi driver, later working for the BBC in production as a prop man, including for BBC outside broadcast units. His brother, Alan, is a BBC floor manager, including for Strictly Come Dancing. Conley was brought up in Kilburn North West London and studied Performing Arts at the Barbara Speake Stage School. As a teenager, Conley had a few minor television appearances, including an advert for hot dogs and a small role in a 1977 episode of the science fiction series Survivors. At the age of 16, by lying about his age, Conley started work as a Pontin's Bluecoat.

Career
Conley's first major showbusiness success was fronting a comedy showband called 'Tomfoolery, who performed in pubs and clubs across England and Wales, sometimes as a support act for artists such as Johnny Mathis and the Nolans. The group broke up due to internal disputes when Conley was 19, but his work with the band led to him being talent spotted by agent Bob Voice. As a result of this, Conley started working as a warm-up man for television personalities such as the Krankies, Kenny Everett and Terry Wogan.

Conley's career was then advanced by TVS casting director Bill Hatterley, who secured him onscreen appearances on comedy shows such as Make Me Laugh (1982), The Laughter Show (1984–1985), Live from Her Majesty's (1984–87) and Five Alive (1987). In 1989, with the support of London Weekend Television (LWT)'s light entertainment controller, Conley starred in his own comedy sketch show, Brian Conley: This Way Up. This programme was popular, but not hugely successful.

After two series of the show, Conley made his first appearance in the West End, playing the lead role of Bill Snibson in a production of Me and My Girl.

In 1992, LWT offered him another opportunity to star in his own comedy programme, with The Brian Conley Show. At the suggestion of producer and director Nigel Lythgoe, this new show had a variety format rather than being purely sketches. This different format proved popular, and the show became Britain's most-watched light entertainment programme. Conley's next success was a sitcom entitled Time After Time, in which he played the lead role of reformed criminal Kenny Conway; the show was named Best ITV Sitcom at the 1994 British Comedy Awards.

Conley played the titular role in Jolson at the Victoria Palace theatre from 1995 to its close in 1997. It won the Olivier award for Best Musical in 1996.

In 1999 he then went on to play the Doug 'Dynamo' Digby, starring opposite Amanda Holden, Nigel Planer and Noddy Holder in The Grimleys. He was also given An Audience with....

Conley recorded a live show in 1996 titled Brian Conley: Alive and Dangerous, which was televised and featured stand-up plus special Nick Frisby/Larry the Loafer and Dangerous Brian sketches. The show was put on VHS and later on DVD.

Around 2000, Conley was given a new show for ITV consisting of chat and music called, once again, The Brian Conley Show. The show lasted for three series. The show's guests included some major Hollywood names like Kathleen Turner and Leslie Nielsen.

Conley also worked at the BBC for a couple of shows. His first being We've Got Your Number, a game show part of a long series of National Lottery game shows. Conley would later return to the BBC to present Let Me Entertain You in 2006.

He has done much stage work, including the parts of Buttons in Cinderella and Caractacus Potts in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.

In 2006, Conley returned to television, hosting a daytime variety show called Let Me Entertain You, a Lion TV production for BBC Two where 13-year-old operatic baritone Matthew Crane was the first series champion. On 1 December of the same year, he appeared as a guest presenter on The New Paul O'Grady Show on Channel 4, where Larry the Loafer made an appearance in the beginning, and Conley referred himself to "Dangerous Brian" as he was about to enter the "Tank of Doom" as part of a Bushtucker trial.

Later in 2007, Conley presented a second series of Let Me Entertain You on BBC Two, and presented a gameshow, Dirty Rotten Cheater for the BBC. Twenty shows were recorded in May at the Maidstone Studios in Kent.

Conley presented the Midweek Lottery show on BBC One in 2008. On 24 April 2008, Brian took over from ill presenter Paul O'Grady on The Paul O'Grady Show on Channel 4, where he starred once again as 'Dangerous Brian' and he contested against 'Nearly Dangerous Joyce'. Larry the Loafer also made an appearance. On 22 June 2008, Conley performed a cameo role in Last of the Summer Wine as "Boothroyd", Barry's fitness mad neighbour.

He appeared as part of Team Ant on Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway, and took over from Michael Ball in the musical Hairspray playing the role of Edna Turnblad at London's Shaftesbury Theatre. He also played the same role in the UK Tour of Hairspray, sharing the role with Michael Ball and actor Michael Starke, at selected UK venues. He has also partaken in his own live show, "The Best of Brian Conley", which showcases 'the best' of Conley's material from his past shows, interspersed with occasional showreels of either Larry the Loafer, Dangerous Brian (depending on who Brian is about to come on stage as) or a generic showreel of his work. Like the Brian Conley Show, the stage show invites guests to perform on stage alongside Conley. In 2010, the show went on tour again, covering more areas of the country.

He then played Fagin in Cameron Mackintosh's Oliver! and also finished a West End run as Edna Turnblad in Olivier Award-winning Hairspray. His recent stage career has included lead roles in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, The Music Man at the Chichester Festival, Brother Love's Travelling Salvation Show (directed and choreographed by Craig Revel Horwood) and Olivier Award-winning Jolson, in which he played Al Jolson.

On 7 November 2012, ITV confirmed that Conley would feature in the 2012 series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. On 19 November 2012, Brian left the jungle on medical grounds.

In April 2014, Conley was a contestant on CBBC's Driving Academy programme. In 2014, he hosted a game show for Challenge called Timeline and he presented two series of the daytime BBC show The TV That Made Me in 2015 and 2016.

On 18 August 2017, it was announced that Conley would be taking part in the fifteenth series of Strictly Come Dancing. He was partnered with Welsh professional dancer Amy Dowden. Conley and Dowden were voted off the show in Week 5 after their Jive to Tom Jones' "It's Not Unusual". In February 2021, it was announced that he would be joining the BBC soap opera EastEnders as series regular Terry Cant, the long-lost father of established character Sonia Fowler (Natalie Cassidy). However, it was later revealed that his character was not Terry Cant and was in fact Tom "Rocky" Cotton. In September 2023, Conley confirmed that he had decided to leave EastEnders.

He spoke at length about his exit from Albert Square during his appearance on award-winning motoring podcast Fuelling Around. Conley was on the show to talk about motoring, one of his biggest passions away from the stage and screen.

As title star

 * Brian Conley: This Way Up (1989–90)
 * The Brian Conley Show (1992–95)
 * Brian Conley: Alive and Dangerous (1996)
 * Brian Conley's Crazy Christmas (1997)
 * The Brian Conley Show (2000–02)
 * An Audience with... (2002)

As actor

 * Survivors (1977) – as Michael, episode 'The Peacemakers'
 * Outside Chance (1993, pilot for Time After Time) – as Kenny Conway
 * Time After Time (1994–95) – as Kenny Conway
 * Privates (1999)
 * The Grimleys (1999–2000) – as Doug 'Dynamo' Digby
 * Busy Buses (2002) – as the Narrator and the characters
 * The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle (2007) – as Chris Connor
 * Last of the Summer Wine (2008) – as Boothroyd, episode 'Enter the Finger'
 * EastEnders (2021–2023) – as Tom "Rocky" Cotton

As presenter

 * Simply the Best! LWT'S Most Memorable Moments (1998)
 * The National Lottery: We've Got Your Number (1999)
 * Royal Variety Performance (1999)
 * Judgement Day (2003)
 * Let Me Entertain You (2006–2007)
 * The New Paul O'Grady Show (2006, 2009; 2 episodes as guest presenter)
 * Dirty Rotten Cheater (2007)
 * Brian Conley's Timeline (2014)
 * The TV That Made Me (2015–2016)
 * Buy It Now (2018)

As guest/performer

 * Make Me Laugh (1982)
 * Punchlines! (1983–84, 2 episodes)
 * Knees-Up (1983–84)
 * The Laughter Show (1984–85)
 * Live from Her Majesty's (1984–87, 4 episodes)
 * The Keith Harris Show (1985, 1 episode)
 * Five Alive (1987)
 * Laughs from the Palladium (1987)
 * You Bet! (1991, 1 episode)
 * Telethon Night Out (1992)
 * Royal Variety Performance (1993)
 * Surprise Surprise (1993–94, 2 episodes)
 * Children in Need (1996)
 * Royal Variety Performance (1996)
 * Family Fortunes (2001, 1 episode)
 * SMTV Gold (2003, 1 episode)
 * The Wright Stuff (2005, 1 episode)
 * Comic Relief in da Bungalow (2005)
 * Dick and Dom in da Bungalow (2006, 1 episode)
 * The Best of the Royal Variety (2006)
 * Grumpy Old New Year (2006)
 * The Wright Stuff (2007–09, 16 episodes)
 * Comedy Map of Britain (2007, 1 episode)
 * The Grumpy Guide to... Youth Culture (2007)
 * Cash in the Celebrity Attic (2008, 1 episode)
 * Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway (2009, 6 episodes)

Conley's appearances on chat shows include Aspel & Company (1993), This Morning (1993 & 2005), Open House with Gloria Hunniford (1998), The New Paul O'Grady Show (2005 & 2009), GMTV (2005), Breakfast (2008), The Alan Titchmarsh Show (2009), The One Show (2009), The 5 O'Clock Show (2010), The Michael Ball Show (2010) and Loose Women (2007–11, various episodes).

Additionally, Conley has appeared as a talking head on many compilation shows and documentaries including: The 100 Greatest Musicals (2003), Bob Monkhouse's Comedy Heroes (2004), Who Killed Saturday Night TV? (2004), The Story of Light Entertainment (2006), 100 Greatest Stand-Ups (2007), 50 Greatest Comedy Catchphrases (2008) and The Nolans: In the Mood for Dancing (2009).

Film

 * Cinderella: The Show Must Go On (1986, TV) – as Dandini
 * West is West (1987) – as Sue's friend
 * Circus (2000) – as Bruno
 * Hotel! (2001, TV) – as Inspector Cochrane
 * Dream (2001) – as Charlie Allen
 * Arthur's Dyke (2001) – as Dave
 * Cruise of the Gods (2002) – as self
 * Equilibrium (2002) – as Reading Room Proprietor
 * Marple: By the Pricking of My Thumbs (2006, TV) – as Eric Johnson
 * I Am Bob (2007) – as the Compere

Pantomime appearances

 * (1978–1979) – Dick Whittington (as Idle Jack), The Hexagon, Reading
 * 1979–1980 – Robinson Crusoe (as part of Tomfoolery), Swansea Grand Theatre
 * 1984–1985 – Mother Goose, Churchill Theatre, Bromley
 * 1989–1990 – Dick Whittington (as a villager), Nottingham Theatre Royal
 * 1990–1991 – Cinderella (as Buttons), New Wimbledon Theatre
 * 1992–1993 – Aladdin, Birmingham Hippodrome
 * 1993–1994 – Cinderella (as Buttons), The Mayflower Theatre, Southampton
 * 1997–1998 – Cinderella (as Buttons), The Mayflower Theatre, Southampton
 * 1998–1999 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Birmingham Hippodrome
 * 1999–2000 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Theatre Royal, Plymouth
 * 2001–2002 – Dick Whittington (as Dick Whittington), Birmingham Hippodrome
 * 2002–2003 – Cinderella (as Buttons), The Mayflower Theatre, Southampton
 * 2003–2004 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Manchester Opera House
 * 2004–2005 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Theatre Royal, Plymouth
 * 2005–2006 – Aladdin (as Aladdin), The Orchard Theatre, Dartford
 * 2006–2007 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Birmingham Hippodrome
 * 2007–2008 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Wycombe Swan Theatre, High Wycombe
 * 2008–2009 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Nottingham Theatre Royal
 * 2009–2010 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Cliffs Pavilion, Southend-on-Sea
 * 2010–2011 – Cinderella (as Buttons), The New Theatre, Cardiff
 * 2011–2012 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Birmingham Hippodrome
 * 2012–2013 – Robinson Crusoe (as Robinson Crusoe), Birmingham Hippodrome
 * 2013–2014 – Robinson Crusoe (as Robinson Crusoe), The Mayflower Theatre, Southampton
 * 2014–2015 – Cinderella (as Buttons), The Mayflower Theatre, Southampton
 * 2015–2016 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Cliffs Pavilion, Southend-on-Sea
 * 2016–2017 – Robinson Crusoe (as Robinson Crusoe), Cliffs Pavilion, Southend-on-Sea
 * 2017–2018 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Milton Keynes Theatre
 * 2018–2019 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Bristol Hippodrome
 * 2019–2020 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Theatre Royal, Plymouth
 * 2021–2022 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Cliffs Pavilion, Southend-on-Sea
 * 2022–2023 – Cinderella (as Buttons), New Victoria Theatre, Woking
 * 2023–2024 – Cinderella (as Buttons), Milton Keynes Theatre
 * 2024–2025 – Goldilocks and the Three Bears, Bristol Hippodrome

Other roles

 * Me and My Girl (as Bill Snibson), Adelphi Theatre, 1991.
 * Jolson (as Al Jolson), Victoria Palace Theatre, 1995–98.
 * Elton John's Glasses (as Bill), Queen's Theatre, 1998.
 * Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (as Caractacus Potts), London Palladium, 2005, Palace Theatre, Manchester and Birmingham Hippodrome 2006.
 * The Music Man (as Professor Harold Hill), Chichester Festival Theatre, 2008.
 * Hairspray (as Edna Turnblad), Shaftesbury Theatre, 2009–10 and UK tour, 2010.
 * Brother Love's Travelling Salvation Show (as Brother Love), UK tour, 2011.
 * Oliver! (as Fagin), UK tour, 2012.
 * Barnum (as P.T. Barnum), UK Tour, 2014–15
 * 9 to 5 (as Franklin Hart Jr), Savoy Theatre, 2019–20
 * A Christmas Carol (as Ebenezer Scrooge), Dominion Theatre 2020

Discography

 * Sings (Columbia, 1993)
 * Stage to Stage (Telstar Records, 1996)
 * Songs from the Shows (Music Digital, 2002)
 * Brian Conley Sings (Sony, 2002)
 * Let the Good Times Roll (Universal, 2002)

Videography

 * Brian Conley: Alive + Extra Dangerous (Universal, 1996)

Awards and nominations

 * Awards
 * 1995 National Television Awards, Most Popular Comedy Performer
 * 2004 Manchester Evening News Theatre Awards, Most Popular Performer
 * 2008 TMA Best Performance in a Musical Award (for The Music Man)

 * Nominations
 * 1996 Olivier Award for Best Musical Actor (for Jolson)
 * 2000 National Television Awards, Most Popular Comedy Performer

title: Brian Conley


text:
User:ChemRad

Hi my name is Dave and my general interests on Wikipedia are in computing and the physical sciences with particular interest in organic chemistry.

I enjoy music, playing guitar, reading, walking and sailing. User:ChemRad/Sandbox --ChemRad 13:07, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User:ChemRad


text:
ICEM

ICEM can refer to:

 * International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions
 * International Organization for Migration, previously known as the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration
 * International Conference on Emergency Medicine
 * International Council for Educational Media
 * International Confederation of Electroacoustic Music

title: ICEM


text:
Stenopus

Stenopus is a genus of swimming decapod crustaceans containing eleven species, including Stenopus hispidus, a common aquarium pet. Stenopus contains the following species:

title: Stenopus


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ephraim Ellis

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was ambiguous. While the clear concensus is to delete the article, Marnevell made significant improvements to it at the last minute. My personal vote would still have been to delete because I don't think the subject quite meets the recommended criteria for inclusion of biographies. I also note that none of the other voters returned to the discussion to change their votes subsequent to Marnevell's changes.

I am going to make the judgment call that this is a delete but I will recuse myself if it is nominated for undeletion. Rossami (talk) 06:30, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Ephraim Ellis
Seems to be a minor character on a TV show. Radiant! 13:09, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. The article really is only about the minor character that Ephraim Ellis played on the TV show Degrassi: The Next Generation. As for Mr. Ellis himself, his entry on IMDB lists only four credits and one notable guest appearance. Zzyzx11 23:00, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 23:49, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The article isn't about Ephraim Ellis at all. It's about "Rick", a character on Degrassi: The Next Generation that isn't in the list of major characters given there.  Merge to Degrassi: The Next Generation if they want it, fixing the resultant self-reference.  Otherwise Delete, and let an article that is actually about Ephraim Ellis arise from the redlinks. Uncle G 01:11, 2005 Feb 25 (UTC)
 * Delete. TVcruft. --Bucephalus 14:44, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: tvcruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:03, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't delete. I made the article more about the person and not his character. --Marnevell

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Entertainment technology

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Rossami (talk) 06:32, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Entertainment technology
Circular definition. Also, the definition is too broad, as lots of technology is or can be used for entertainment. Radiant! 13:12, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I don't even see a definition in there. --InShaneee 18:26, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Canton of Diekirch

Diekirch (Dikrech) is a canton in the north of Luxembourg. Neither the canton, town, nor commune of Diekirch should be confused with the former district of Diekirch, one of three administrative units in Luxembourg abolished in October 2015. It borders Germany.

Administrative divisions
Diekirch Canton consists of the following ten communes:

 * Bettendorf
 * Bourscheid
 * Diekirch
 * Erpeldange-sur-Sûre
 * Ettelbruck
 * Feulen
 * Mertzig
 * Reisdorf
 * Schieren
 * Vallée de l'Ernz

Mergers

 * On 1 January 2006, the former commune of Bastendorf (from Diekirch Canton) was merged with the former commune of Fouhren (from Vianden Canton) to create the commune of Tandel (in Vianden Canton). The law creating Tandel was passed on 21 December 2004. Therefore, Diekirch Canton ceded 24.44 km2 of land to Vianden Canton.
 * On 1 January 2012, the former communes of Ermsdorf and Medernach (both from Diekirch Canton) were merged to create the commune of Vallée de l'Ernz. The law creating the Vallée de l'Ernz was passed on 24 May 2011.

title: Canton of Diekirch


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Entertainment-Education

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep but with qualifications. The general recommendation is that this should become a redirect to edutainment, an article which is currently much smaller than this one. And while I agree with user:TheoClarke that edutainment can be considered a neologism, it is far better known and in much wider use than this hyphenated phrase. However, that is properly a decision to be dealt with on the respective Talk pages. I will mark this with a "merge" recommendation and trust that future editor/readers will sort out the best long-term answer. Rossami (talk) 06:52, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Entertainment-Education
Refers the process of putting educational messages in entertainment. Sounds a bit like a dicdef, but it may have potential for expansion. Or should it be merged somewhere? No vote as yet. Radiant! 13:17, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge and Redirect to edutainment. --InShaneee 18:23, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nobody calls it "Entertainment-Education". It's either "educational entertainment" or "edutainment".   — Gwalla | Talk 03:14, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Merge and Redirect to edutainment as well. A google search does reveal that it is stll called entertainment-education, but a google search just barely scratches the surface. Jaberwocky6669 21:10, Mar 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect and merge any useful content--nixie 01:21, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have expanded this to make it more encyclopaedic although it remains stubby. Edutainment is just one of several neologisms for this topic. --Theo  (Talk) 00:06, 12 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Russian cosmism

Russian cosmism, also cosmism, is a later term for philosophical and cultural movement that emerged in Russia at the turn of the 19th century, and again, at the beginning of the 20th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a burst of scientific investigation into interplanetary travel, largely driven by fiction writers such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells as well as philosophical movements like the Russian cosmism.

Theory
Cosmism entailed a broad theory of natural philosophy, combining elements of religion and ethics with a history and philosophy of the origin, evolution, and future existence of the cosmos and humankind. It combined elements from both Eastern and Western philosophic traditions as well as from the Russian Orthodox Church.

Cosmism was one of the influences on Proletkult, and after the October Revolution, the term came to be applied to "...the poetry of such writers as Mikhail Gerasimov and Vladimir Kirillov...: emotional paeans to physical labor, machines, and the collective of industrial workers ... organized around the image of the universal 'Proletarian', who strides forth from the earth to conquer planets and stars." This form of cosmism, along with the writings of Nikolai Fyodorov, was a strong influence on Andrei Platonov.

Many ideas of the Russian cosmists were later developed by those in the transhumanist movement. Victor Skumin argues that the Culture of Health will play an important role in the creation of a human spiritual society into the Solar System.

Representatives
Russian Cosmism can be divided into two categories: scientific and philosophical. While the scientific branch is naturalistic, the philosophical branch is mystical and metaphysical, yet both branches are inherently spiritual. This is particularly evident among early Russian Cosmists who followed in the footsteps of spiritual thinkers like Fyodorov and Solovyov. For a more nuanced categorization, there is often a third category mentioned by scholars: the artistic branch.

The Philosophical Branch
Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov (1828–1903), who is regarded as the father of Russian Cosmism, is its most representative figure. The major idea associated with Fyodorov is the philosophy of Humankind's Common Task, which meant "to regulate the forces of nature, to defeat death and bring ancestors back to life so that they too would participate in the general resurrection."

This idea was so central to his philosophy that "whatever topic he wrote about, Fedorov brought in his main idea of the Common Task—how to achieve universal brotherhood, rationalise nature instead of merely exploiting her bounties, overcome death, resurrect the ancestors and create a united humanity worthy of governing the universe." The sense of urgency for uniting for a common task is a theme that exists in one way or another in the works of all Russian Cosmists.

The Artistic Branch
Alexander Scriabin, who was inspired by the Russian Cosmist ideas of his day, sought to unite humanity for a common task much like Fyodorov. He can be regarded as the most representative member of the artistic branch of Russian Cosmism. Scriabin's vision was to use artistic means to achieve Cosmist ends. His artistic vision, which was grounded in philosophy and spirituality, can be most clearly observed in his project Mysterium.

The Scientific Branch
In 1881, Russian revolutionary and rocket pioneer Nikolai Kibalchich proposed an idea of pulsed rocket propulsion by combustion of explosives, which was an early precursor for Project Orion.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935) was among the pioneers of theoretical space exploration and cosmonautics. In 1903, Tsiolkovsky published the first serious scientific work on space travel. His work was essentially unknown outside the Russian Empire, but inside the country it inspired further research, experimentation and the formation of the Society for Studies of Interplanetary Spaceflight. Tsiolkovsky wrote a book called "The Will of the Universe; Unknown Intelligent Forces" in which he propounded a philosophy of panpsychism. He believed humans would eventually colonize the Milky Way. His thought preceded the Space Age by several decades, and some of what he foresaw in his imagination has come into being since his death. Tsiolkovsky did not believe in traditional religious cosmology, but instead he believed in a cosmic being that governed humans.

Other Cosmists
Alexander Bogdanov (1873-1928) was a Russian and later Soviet physician, philosopher, science fiction writer, and Bolshevik revolutionary. His wide scientific and medical interests ranged from the universal systems theory to the possibility of human rejuvenation through blood transfusion. He saw heterochronic blood transfusions as an alliance of solidarity between the generations, where the old benefited from the rejuvenating effects of the young blood, while the young received immunities from the elders blood. Ironically, he died as a result of a hemolytic transfusion reaction. His successors put Russia in the forefront of the development of centralized national blood transfusion services.

Other cosmists included Vladimir Vernadsky (1863–1945), who developed the notion of noosphere and the question of noosphere's evolution from biosphere, and Alexander Chizhevsky (1897–1964), pioneer of "heliobiology" (study of the sun's effect on biology). A minor planet, 3113 Chizhevskij, discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1978, is named after him.

The outstanding Russian palaeontologist and sci-fi writer Ivan Yefremov developed the ideas of cosmism and has concluded that the communism is a necessary structure of the future society, which wants to survive in space. The successor of the traditions of Ivan Yefremov was a geologist and sci-fi writer Alexander Shalimov. The astrophysicist Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev was the discoverer of Lunar tectonic activity (1959) and author of Causal Mechanics/Theory of Time.

title: Russian cosmism


text:
Talk:Anal jewelry

Untitled
adds that had to be removed. Julian Stellings homepage has a shop, but it seems not the be the main purpose of his site. The Judy Kirk page is clearly more commercial, but it has only his designs, so it's not just one more commercial website. I consider the links very important. Specially because we don't have any pictures of anal jewelry in wikipedia. --Easyas12c 13:22, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I wonder why 24.225.176.137 considered the external links as

 * This kind of jewelry is worn by actress Belladonna in the movie Fashionistas. Is this worth mentioning in the article? Is a still from it fair use?
 * Peter Isotalo July 7, 2005 02:57 (UTC)

 * The movie has won a lot of awards. So I'd say it deserves its own article. There one could mention it features anal jewelry. If we can get a still then lets include it to this this article and give an explanation as the image text. --Easyas12c 7 July 2005 08:18 (UTC)

 * Ypu could mention in this article thart such jewlery is worn in the film, although a source to cite might be tricky. You could mentioned it in the article on the film, also, and link to this article. But a still form that film would probably not be fair use in this article, unless you can find a citable source that discusses the use of AJ in that film specifiically. DES (talk) 21:24, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

disconstructive editing
It is my personal opinion that edits like are not making Wikipedia better. You may now forget what I said as Wikipedia policies think this is ok. ( Atleast so I've been told. ) Just had to spit it out. Thank you and good night. --Easyas12c 10:42, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

Aren't we basically talking about fancy butt plugs here?
Just because something is jeweled, does not necessarily make it jewelery. Both of the products described in the link seem like fancy butt plugs - I don't see how that merits them their own article. Wearing "anal jewelry" or "fancy butt plugs" doesn't strike me as something that merits its own entry here on Wikipedia, it's not a particularily common behavior unto itself, nor is it a fashion or jewelry trend of note either. Couldn't all of this information be rolled into the page on butt plugs, or even the page on non-piercing body jewelry? Right now it basically reads like an ad for the two persons currently marketing these niche products. Also describing the two products as the "most famous" makes little sense, as so far as I can tell they are the only products, and that they are not particularily famous, notable or well known. Is anyone else making similar products? Glowimperial 18:24, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * All I know is i made my way here from the list of copyrighted image proposal discussions or whatever its called and i'm extremely glad i haven't been on the article page.--I'll bring the food 16:59, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I've redirected anal jewelry to butt plug and copied over the bulk of the content. If anyone feels it should be in its own section there, feel free - or i can do it for you. But this will definitely bring more attention to anal jewelry as a topic (fwiw). ViniTheHat (talk) 23:48, 12 September 2010 (UTC)
 * after thought: i did not merge with non-piercing body jewelry first: it's more akin to butt plugs and second: it didn't occur to me. ViniTheHat (talk) 23:50, 12 September 2010 (UTC)
 * after-after thought: thirdly: that page doesn't really exist anyway. ViniTheHat (talk) 23:51, 12 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anal jewelry


text:
Cambridge movement (philosophy)

The Cambridge movement was a conservative ideological school of thought closely related to the Oxford Movement.

History
It has been claimed the origins of the movement emanate from the teachings of the Cambridge University professor and intellectual Desiderius Erasmus. However, the more readily understood beliefs of the movement began in 1833 with a sermon made by the Reverend John Keble which was hostile toward a plan by the British Government to diminish the official power of the Anglican Church in the predominantly Roman Catholic Ireland. It had been argued that it was unjust that Irish Catholic taxes should not support the Anglican Church. Keble and his supporters believed that Christianity in the form of the established Church of England was above secular government.

Within days of this sermon being preached a meeting was held at the home of Hugh James Rose. It is Rose who is generally held to be the founder of the Cambridge school of the Oxford movement while John Newman was the leader of the Oxford movement. At the meeting at Rose's home a resolution was passed to preserve “the apostolic succession and the integrity of the Prayer-Book.” Further beliefs of the movement were views that the medieval church fulfilled a greater need and ministry to its members than that of the 19th century church.

Stance
The Cambridge Movement was more liberal than its counterpart at Oxford. However, it was concerned with the aesthetics and liturgy pertaining to the more powerful and spiritual medieval church. This resulted in a great wave of Gothic revival church architecture with its "remote but splendid high altars, vestments, and the full panoply of medieval ceremonial." The movement was championed by such followers of the Cambridge movement as Richard Cromwell Carpenter.

Decline
The movement began a decline after the conversion of one of its greatest advocate John Newman to Roman Catholicism in 1845. While the movement was strongly in favour of high church ritual, conversion to Catholicism in the anti-Popish climate of the day was a step too far for the British establishment to which many of its members belonged. However, the ideological retrospective school of architecture the movement inspired lingered on for the remainder of the 19th century.

title: Cambridge movement (philosophy)