text:
Talk:Digital projector

There appears to be an overlap here with the LCD_projector entry. Perhaps that should be subsumed into this one and then redirected to it.

Move/merge?
This should probably be put at video projector. Little of the content is actually specific to digital technology. A CRT hooked to VGA is an analog system. -- Cyrius|✎ 00:01, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed. CRTs (and certainly that old Eidophor system) are analog devices. --tooki

added link
to projection screen. Santtus 11:25, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Digital projector


text:
Little Mell Fell

Little Mell Fell (Bare hill, with the later additions of both "Fell" and "Little") is a small fell in the English Lake District. It is an outlier of the Eastern Fells, standing to the north of Ullswater near the village of Watermillock, and connected to other high ground by a narrow col to the south.

It stands just to the east of the rather similar Great Mell Fell. Both fells are of a similar size and appearance. Both appear relatively isolated, both have a smooth, rounded outline, and unlike all other fells in the Lake District, both are composed of the same Devonian age conglomerate rock.

Topography
Little Mell Fell is a small U-shaped area of high ground, about 1 square mile (2.6 km2) in area, north of Ullswater and east of Great Mell Fell. Its summit is a symmetrical rounded grassy dome in the south-east corner of the fell which reaches a height of 505 m, 32 m lower than Great Mell Fell. Two short grassy spurs extend from this dome: one to the north and one to the west. The western spur then turns northwards so that a deep valley is enclosed between the two spurs, drained by the upper reaches of Thackthwaite Gill.

The fell has one visible connection to other fells. Due south from the summit a narrow col called The Hause connects it to Watermillock Fell and a ridge of high ground running south west, parallel to the shore of Ullswater, until it culminates at Gowbarrow Fell. Intermediate tops along this ridge include Watermillock Fell (424 m, unnamed on Ordnance Survey maps), Little Meldrum (404 m) and Great Meldrum (437 m).

The south-east corner of the fell is drained by a small beck which flows directly into Ullswater. All other parts of the fell are drained by various tributaries of Dacre Beck, which joins the River Eamont some 3 km below its outfall from Ullswater. Thus the whole fell drains ultimately into the Eamont and to the Solway Firth.

The fell has a few small areas of broadleaved plantation, but otherwise is bare, the lower slopes being parcelled up into fields for agriculture.

Notices indicate the presence of adders on the fell.

Summit
The summit is at the top of a rounded, grassy dome and is marked by an Ordnance Survey triangulation column.

There is a good all-round view, though it is robbed of foreground by the gentle curvature of the grassy summit. The view extends east over the Eden Valley to the Pennine Hills, north to the Southern Uplands of Scotland, west and south to the fells of the Lake District, including the Northern, Eastern and Far Eastern Fells. Nearer at hand may be seen the lower reach of Ullswater, and it is a good viewpoint for Martindale.

Ascents
Only the southern parts of the fell are Open Access land. Access to it may be gained from four points. From the east access is possible from a narrow lane alongside the fell near the Cove camping park. From the south access can be gained from The Hause, which is crossed by a minor road, and where some parking is available. From Lowthwaite Farm a public right of way runs along the south side of the fell, to The Hause. From the west a tractor track gives access to the fell from a point 400 m north of Lowthwaite Farm.

Three used paths approach the summit: from the west ridge, from the south directly from The Hause, and from the east.

Geology
Both Great and Little Mell Fells are unique among the fells of the Lake District by being composed of the Mell Fell Conglomerate, a sedimentary rock formed from deposits of sand and gravel in alluvial fans and braided river channels in a desert environment. The rock contains no fossils. The stones in the conglomerate came from the erosion of both the Borrowdale Volcanic Group and the Windermere Supergroup. The reddish-coloured rock appears to date from the late Devonian Period, sometime around 375 million years ago. The erosion of this conglomerate has formed the smooth and rounded outlines that are distinctive of the two Mell Fells.

Rocks of the Devonian Period are also referred to as the Old Red Sandstone. These should not be confused with the younger New Red Sandstone of the Permian Period, found nearby in Penrith and the Eden Valley.

Name
Mell Fell is found in the earlier form Melfel (1279) and is probably derived from the Brittonic (Cumbric) word męl (c.f. Welsh moel), a bare hill, with Fell as a later addition.

Fell is a local dialect word with several meanings, from either Old Norse fell, 'hill, mountain', or Old Norse fjall, 'mountainous country'. Fell is very common in Lake District place-names, some of which, like Mell Fell, are ancient, though many others are much more modern.

The two Mell Fells have been distinguished as Great and Little since at least the fifteenth century, but Greenwood's map of 1823 distinguishes them as West and East Mell Fell.

The Hause is derived from Old Norse hals, 'neck', often used to denote a pass between two valleys.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Little Mell Fell


text:
Peter Isola

Peter Joseph Isola, OBE, GMH (Gibraltar, 1929 – 28 January 2006 ), was a Gibraltarian politician and lawyer. He succeeded Maurice Xiberras as leader of the Democratic Party for a British Gibraltar (DPBG).

Early life and career
Isola was born in Gibraltar in 1929, and was educated at Stonyhurst College, a Jesuit independent school in Lancashire, and Pembroke College, Oxford, where he read law. Isola had an early political success in an election to the Gibraltar Legislative Council in 1956, when ten candidates contested seven seats. The winners were Joshua Hassan, Abraham Serfaty, J. E. Alcantara, and Albert Risso, all of the Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights, one Commonwealth Party candidate, Joseph Triay, and two Independents, Isola and Solomon Seruya.

He remained in the House of Assembly until 1983, and twice served as Leader of the Opposition, first as an Independent, and later as leader of the DPBG.

In 1963 and 1964, he went to the United Nations together with Chief Minister Sir Joshua Hassan to oppose Spain's attempt to obtain sovereignty over Gibraltar using decolonisation as an argument to achieve its ends. Both leaders returned to a large public welcome. In 1964 Isola defended free association with the UK, which had been unanimously endorsed by the whole legislature as the constitutional formula for decolonisation, which was expected to be achieved by no later than 1969. In 1965, at the height of the Spain's offensive at the United Nations, and as Leader of the Opposition, Isola decided to enter into a coalition Government, serving as Deputy Chief Minister, with Joshua Hassan going on as Chief Minister. He was one of the members of the Constitutional Conference chaired by Lord Shepherd in 1968 which drafted the Gibraltar Constitution of 1969.

The DPBG disintegrated after it had failed to win any seats in the 1984 elections, when Isola even lost his own seat. He then retired from politics to concentrate on his substantial legal practice, heading the legal firm of Isola & Isola (now called Isolas).

He was also a member of the constitutional advisory committee.

Honours
Upon the creation of the Gibraltar Medallion of Honour in 2008, Peter Isola was posthumously awarded the Medallion and was therefore recorded in the Gibraltar Roll of Honour. Isola's Triumphant Return to Gibraltar in 1963 when he and Joshua Hassan were cheered by crowds in John Mackintosh Square has been recorded in a commissioned painting by Ambrose Avellano.

title: Peter Isola


text:
Cylindropuntia fulgida

Cylindropuntia fulgida, the jumping cholla, also known as the hanging chain cholla, is a cholla cactus native to Sonora and the Southwestern United States.

The greatest range of the jumping cholla is the entirety of Sonora, except the Sierra Madre Occidental cordillera on the east and northern California, including the major islands of Tiburon and Isla Ángel de la Guarda.

In the Southwestern United States, the range extends into the Colorado Desert of California, and in Arizona. There it occurs south and southwest of the Arizona transition zone of the Mogollon Rim; in the northwest-central Sonoran Desert of Arizona, it is in a few selected locales. It also reaches into the northeast section of the Mojave Desert in southern Nevada and Utah, and in the very southern section of the Great Basin Desert of southern Utah. It also occurs just south of the east-west section of the Bill Williams River, east of the Colorado River in the Yuma Desert, and in parts of the Eastern Plains of Colorado.

Description
Cylindropuntia fulgida grows at elevations ranging from 300 to 1000 m. While the name "jumping cholla" is applied especially to this species, it is also used as a general term for all chollas.

The jumping cholla is an arborescent (tree-like) plant with one low-branching trunk. It often grows to heights of 4 m, with drooping branches of chained fruit. The stems are light green and are strongly tuberculate, with tubercles (small, wart-like projections on the stems) measuring 6 to 9 mm. Together, the plants form fantastic looking forests that may range over many hectares.

Leaves have been reduced to spines, 6 to 12 of which grow from each areole. Young branches are covered with 2 to 3 cm silvery-yellow spines, which darken to a gray color with age. These spines form a dense layer that obscures the stems. Slower growing or older branches have sparse and/or shorter spines. As the spines fall off of older parts, the brown-black bark is revealed. It becomes rough and scaly with age.

Flowers are white and pink, streaked with lavender. They are about 1 in wide, and are displayed at the joint tips (or old fruit tips), blooming in mid-summer. According to naturalists/writers  Henry and Rebecca Northen, a curiosity of these flowers is that C. fulgida opens its flowers at exactly 3:00p.m. solar time, and can be used to set one's watch.

Most of the fleshy, green fruits are sterile, pear-shaped to nearly round, wrinkled with a few spines. They are typically about 4 cm long, often producing flowers the following year which add new fruits to those of previous seasons. It is these hanging chains of fruit which give it the name "hanging chain cholla".

Name

The "jumping cholla" name comes from the ease with which the stems detach when brushed. Another more sparingly used name is monkey cups, due to the nature of the plant's structure. Often the merest touch will leave a person with bits of cactus hanging on their clothes to be discovered later when either sitting or leaning on them. The ground around a mature plant will often be covered with dead stems, and young plants are started from stems that have fallen from the adult. They attach themselves to desert animals and are dispersed for short distances. Extinct, hairy megafauna may have played a role in their historic, more widespread dispersal in this manner.

Other names for this cactus include chain fruit cholla, cholla brincadora, and velas de coyote.

Wildlife
During droughts, animals like the bighorn sheep and some deer species like the desert mule deer, rely on the juicy fruit for food and water. Because they grow in inaccessible and hostile places of the desert, populations of this cactus are stable. Cactus wren are also known to nest in jumping cholla.

title: Cylindropuntia fulgida


text:
Fan-Tan

Fan-Tan, or fantan is a gambling game long played in China. It is a game of pure chance.

The game is played by placing two handfuls of small objects on a board and guessing the remaining count when divided by four. After players have cast bets on values of 1 through 4, the dealer or croupier repeatedly removes four objects from the board until only one, two, three or four beans remain, determining the winner.

History

The game may have arisen during third and fourth centuries, during the period of the Northern and Southern dynasties. It then spread through southern China during the Qing dynasty. The name fantan dates back only to the mid-nineteenth century. Before that time, fantan was known as, , , or. It was prominent during the Late Qing and Republican period in Canton and the Pearl River Delta region. The game was also played in the Philippines under the name Capona.

After 1850, fantan spread overseas as a side effect of the massive Cantonese emigration. As a rule, in places where a significant number of Cantonese migrants could be found, fantan was also present. Fan-tan was very popular among Chinese migrants in America, as most of them were of Cantonese origin. Jacob Riis, in his famous book about the underbelly of New York, How the Other Half Lives (1890), wrote of entering a Chinatown fan-tan parlor: "At the first foot-fall of leather soles on the steps the hum of talk ceases, and the group of celestials, crouching over their game of fan tan, stop playing and watch the comer with ugly looks. Fan tan is their ruling passion." The large Chinatown in San Francisco was also home to dozens of fan-tan houses in the 19th century. The city's former police commissioner Jesse B. Cook wrote that in 1889 Chinatown had 50 fan-tan games, and that "in the 50 fan tan gambling houses the tables numbered from one to 24, according to the size of the room."

California amended Section 330 of the California Penal Code in 1885, adding fan-tan to its list of banned games; this coincided with the general rise of anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States, as fan-tan was considered a differentiating vice on par with opium use  and the direct cause of property crime and violence. Raids on fan-tan parlors were regularly featured in contemporary news articles, with police in some cases posing as Chinese to infiltrate the games. In San Jose, California, a typo in a local printed law led to charges being dismissed against several bettors. Despite its illegality, it was estimated that 100 fan-tan parlors were operating in San Francisco's Chinatown around the turn of the 20th century.

Because of the police raids, fan-tan parlors adopted double-entrance security measures: after entering through the street doors, a bettor would have to pass through a hallway and a second interior set of doors. If the guard posted on the exterior doors did not recognize the prospective bettor or the guard raised an alarm in the event of a raid, the interior doors, often heavily reinforced with iron, would be shut and barred, giving the fan-tan patrons and parlor time to dismantle the game, conceal evidence, and flee the premises.

Fan-tan is no longer as popular as it once was, having been replaced by modern casino games like Baccarat, and other traditional Chinese games such as Mah Jong and Pai Gow. Fan-tan is still played at some Macau casinos.

The game
The game is operated by two people: the "tán kún" or croupier, who stands by the table at position no. 1, and the "ho kún" (clerk or cashier), who stands to the left of the "tán kún".

A square is marked in the center of an ordinary table, or a square piece of metal is laid on it, the sides being marked 1, 2, 3 and 4 in anti-clockwise order; alternatively, the sides may be marked 0 through 3, with 0 taking the place of 4. The banker puts on the table a double handful of small objects (buttons, beads, coins, dried beans, or similar articles), which he covers with a metal bowl. When all bets are placed, the bowl is removed and the "tán kún" uses a small bamboo stick to remove the objects from the heap, four at a time, until the final batch is reached.

If the final batch contains four objects, those who wagered on position 4 (and specific bets that include position 4) win; if three, the backers of No. 3 win; if two, the backers of No. 2 win and if one the backers of No. 1 win. A variant substitutes dice instead of counting the objects by fours; the remainder after dividing the sum of the dice by four is used to determine the winning positions.

Betting
Fan-Tan uses a fixed-odds betting system where all winning wagers are paid according to the true odds of success. The pool of money used to pay off bets is the total amount wagered on all positions, less a house commission, which ranges from 5% to 25% depending on the time and place. Because the prizes are paid entirely out of the wagers, the game is relatively inexpensive to operate.

Culin (1891) describes four potential bets:
 * 1) "Fan", in which the wager is on a single position to win.
 * 2) "Hong", in which the wager is on three positions, one of which (the primary bet) is selected to win; if either of the other two positions (the two secondary bets) are selected, the bettor does not lose, but it is considered a push and the bettor's money is returned.
 * 3) "Kwok", in which the wager is on two positions (two primary bets); if either is selected, the bettor wins.
 * 4) "Nim", in which the wager is again on two positions, one of which is selected to win (one primary bet), and the other (one secondary bet) is selected to push.

In the modern game, the "Hong" (row) bet is usually replaced by two alternative three-number bets. The first of these is the "Tan" or "Nga Tan" bet. Two positions are chosen as the primary wager, and one position is chosen as the secondary "push" wager; there are twelve possible combinations of this type of bet, and each position has six corresponding primary and three secondary wagers. For example, the six bets that include position 1 as the primary wager are 1-24, 1-23, 1-32; 1-42, 1-43, and 1-34; and the three bets that include position 1 as the secondary "push" wager are 2-41, 2-31, and 3-41, so any single position will result in a win for $6/12$ of the "Tan" bets and a push for $3/12$ of them.

The second three-number bet that can be made is an all-primary wager, known as "Sheh Sam Hong", sometimes romanized as "Shen Sam Hong" ( or ), where any one of the three numbers will win. There are four combinations of the three numbers: 1-2-3, 2-3-4, 3-4-1, or 4-1-2, so any single position will result in a win for $3/4$ of the "SSH" bets. The payout for the "Tan" and "SSH" bets is correspondingly lower, based on the increased odds of winning, and the two modern three-number bets also generally require a higher minimum stake because of the lower payout.

 * Notes

Currently, in Macau casinos, the house commission is uniformly set at 5%. For example, assume that bettors have wagered a total of $100 on each position as "Fan" bets, meaning the total of all wagers is $400 for all positions; the true odds of winning this specific wager are 1 in 4. The total payout to the bettors who chose the winning position would be $400 (the total wagered on all positions). Based on the amount wagered on the winning position, $100, the net payout is 3 to 1: $100 wagered, $300 returned in addition to the original wager. However, the house commission of 5% means the winning bettor(s) are paid a total of $285 ($300 less 5%), providing a total commission of $15 to the house for the game.

Odds and payout
The net payout for each bet is determined by the true odds. The odds of winning for each type of bet is determined by considering the total number of potential bets within that type, and if how many of those bets will win, lose, or push for a given position outcome; the sum of the odds for any single bet (win + lose + push) is always one. The net payout for each bet is calculated as $1/undefined$, less the cut for the house. The odds of the "push" or secondary positions only affect the calculation of net payout by reducing the number of losing bets because when the result is a push, the original wager is returned without loss.

For example, the "Fan" bet on a single position only wins $0/4$ of the time, i.e., only when that specific position is selected; consequently, there is a $3/4$ chance of losing the "Fan" wager. The net payout is $1/undefined$ = 3, before the cut for the house is taken. Assuming a 5% cut, the final payout for a "Fan" win is 95% of 3×, or 2.85× the amount bet. Similarly, the odds of winning a "Tan" bet are $2/4$ and the odds of losing a "Tan" bet are $1/undefined$ (a push will occur for the remaining $3/6$), so the net payout is $0/6$ = $3/6$, before the cut for the house is taken.

The net return is the product of the odds of winning and final payout (after the cut for the house is taken), less the odds of losing. Again, the odds of a push are not considered. For example, for the "Fan" bet, the net return is $$\frac{1}{4}\cdot{2.85}-\frac{3}{4}=-0.0375$$, meaning the house receives 3.75% of each "Fan" bet, on average. In contrast, for the "Tan" bet, the net return is $$\frac{6}{12}\cdot{\frac{0.95}{2}}-\frac{3}{12}=-0.0125$$, and the house receives 1.25% of each "Tan" bet.

Equipment

 * Numerous small objects (typically copper cash, beads, buttons, or beans)
 * Tan ching (playing mat)
 * Tan koi (cup or cover)
 * Tan pong (stick or rod used to remove objects)

Cultural references
Fan Tan Alley in the Chinatown of Victoria, British Columbia is named for the numerous gaming parlors that once lined it. It is the narrowest street in North America, at just 90 cm wide

title: Fan-Tan


text:
Bushido (disambiguation)

Bushido or Bushidō represented regulations for samurai attitudes and behavior of feudal Japan.

Bushido may also refer to:

Games

 * Bushido (game), a German board game where players compete for honor to become the next Emperor of Japan
 * Bushido (role-playing game), a role playing game from the late 20th century

Fictional characters

 * Bushido (comics), a DC comics character
 * Bushido (G.I. Joe), a fictional character in the G.I. Joe universe
 * Mr. Bushido, a character in the anime series Mobile Suit Gundam 00
 * Kenji Bushido, a foe in the racing game Need for Speed: Carbon
 * Roronoa Zoro, a pirate swordsman from the anime/manga series One Piece. Vivi or Miss Wednesday from the Alabasta arc calls Roronoa Zoro "Mr. Bushido" throughout the entirety of the 73-episode arc.

Other uses

 * Bushido (rapper) (born 1978), a German rapper
 * Bushido, Samurai Saga, a 1963 Japanese film
 * Bushido: The Soul of Japan, an 1899 book
 * "Bushido", a single on the album (r)Evolution by HammerFall
 * Bushido, the trade name of Pride Fighting Championships lightweight and welterweight mixed martial arts events

title: Bushido (disambiguation)


text:
Fantan

Fantan may refer to: Originated in Newark, Ohio by Mary Alice Barrett Litts.
 * Fan-Tan, a game of chance of Chinese origin;
 * Fantan, Armenia, a town;
 * Nanchang Q-5 Fantan jet aircraft;

title: Fantan


text:
Dragonstomper

Dragonstomper is a video game developed by Stephen Landrum for the Atari Video Computer System (later renamed Atari 2600) and released by Starpath. The game follows the adventures of a dragon hunter who is given a quest by the king to defeat a dragon and reclaim a magical amulet that was stolen. The player makes their way over the countryside, vanquishing various adversaries and gaining gold and experience. After achieving enough strength, the player can enter a shop in an oppressed village where equipment can be purchased, soldiers hired, and special scrolls obtained to defeat the dragon in its lair.

Stating that he wanted to make a "real fantasy role-playing game", Landrum began developing the game under the title of Excalibur. The game required use of the Starpath Supercharger, which connected to the Atari 2600 in order for it to read a cassette tape. The device also increased the RAM capabilities of the Atari 2600 exponentially, allowing for more complex games or graphics for the system. Upon the game's release, it received praise from gaming publications such as Electronic Games and Computer and Video Games with critics commenting on the game's depth and comparing its quality to home computer games of the period; Games listed it among the best games of 1983. Retrospective reviews included Chris Cavanaugh writing for the online database AllGame calling the game "woefully overlooked", and Ed Lin of Forbes praising the game for its graphics, use of music, and multiple ways to solve problems.

Plot and gameplay
Dragonstomper is set in a sword and sorcery–themed world. It takes place in a kingdom where a king once ruled peacefully. After a druid magician enchanted a powerful amulet which he believed would subdue a dragon, they entered the dragon's cave and accidentally left the amulet to fall into the hands of the dragon, increasing its power. The creature used its newfound powers against the kingdom, causing crops to die and creating savage creatures across the land. With the king's knights vanquished by the dragon's warriors, the Dragonstomper was the only person left to restore the kingdom. The Dragonstomper travels through the countryside and a township to prepare themselves to battle the dragon. The ending features different ways, chosen by the player, to deal with the dragon.

John Harris of Game Developer described the game as a role-playing game; like most games in the genre in the early 1980s, it adhered closely to the template established by Dungeons & Dragons. Michael J. Tresca wrote in his book on the history of role-playing games that it was the only true role-playing game on the Atari 2600. The game is set in three different in-game areas: The Enchanted Countryside, The Oppressed Village, and The Dragon's Cave. In the countryside, the objective is to gain power and magic needed to enter the village, with the Dragonstomper battling enemies in the field to be able to have enough gold to pass the guard at the bridge. The use of each item in this area is randomized each play, such as gaining strength and dexterity, losing half your strength, losing dexterity, or revealing traps on the playing field. Items found in the village all retain their abilities each playthrough, such as vitamins restoring strength or medicine that can cure poisoning.

Enemies are met as random encounters. Each battle in the game can lower the player's strength; when this reaches zero, the game is over. Strength is regained over time during the game. Battling is turn-based and done through an in-game text menu choosing to fight, using a magic spell, use weapons, or attempt to flee from the battle. Once within the village, the user can buy items and recruit other warriors to aid in the final battle before entering the dragon's cave.

Development
Dragonstomper was created by Stephen Landrum for Arcadia, later rebranded as Starpath. The game was made for a peripheral for the Atari 2600 called the Starpath Supercharger, which allowed for the system to operate through cassette tapes. It was developed in Santa Clara, California, by ex-Atari Director of Research Bob Brown and ex-Atari development engineer Craig Nelson. The system allowed for 6 kilobytes of RAM, while the Atari 2600 had only 128 bytes built into the system. The Supercharger plugged into the cartridge slot of the system and loaded games from audio cassettes by connecting an audio cable on the side of the cartridges to the earphone jack of an external tape player.

Landrum worked for Arcadia/Starpath from March 1981 to November 1983, creating games like Communist Mutants From Space and a port of Frogger as well as completing the code for Suicide Mission. Dragonstomper was developed under the name Excalibur. Landrum stated that the game took several months to develop and chose to make it a role-playing game, as he felt nobody had yet made a "real" fantasy role-playing game on the Atari 2600. Like all the Supercharger games made by the company, they were developed on Apple II computers. By 1982, the Atari 2600 use of music was primarily functional in nature and was mostly for intros to games and in-game events. Dragonstomper features music such as "Rule, Britannia" when completing the game, "Taps" when the player dies, and "The Gold Diggers' Song (We're in the Money)" when gold is found.

Release
The exact release date of Dragonstomper is unknown. Under the title Excalibur, it was initially planned for release in October 1982. The Supercharger itself was available in 1982 in major department stores and would start distribution in specialty stores in 1983, and syndicated columnist Michael Blanchet noted the game had been released in a November 26, 1982, newspaper article. A January 1983 issue of Software Merchandising announced Mindmaster and Dragonstomper among Starpath's upcoming releases. In the liner notes of Stella Gets a New Brain, a compilation of Starpath Supercharger games on compact disc, Dragonstomper was stated to have been released in 1983.

Plans were made to have Dragonstomper available for Atari 8-bit computers by May or June 1983 and the ColecoVision console for September 1983. By January 1984, Starpath was no longer in business and was acquired by Epyx. The game was re-released on compact disc with other Supercharger games in the 1990s from a team organized on the rec.games.video.classic Usenet newsgroup. The CD version required an Atari 2600 and Supercharger adapter to play the games.

Contemporary reviews
Contemporary reviews of the game praised the game's sophistication for a console game, comparing it to the quality of home computer games of the period. The Electronic Games 1983 Software Encyclopedia praised the games graphics and sound as "excellent" and its gameplay as "outstanding", noting that "clever design makes it possible to enter all necessary commands through the joystick" and that the game's on-screen menu cut memorization of instructions "to a blessed minimum". The same review was published in the 1984 version but lowering the score to a seven. "B.H." of Games stated that the game was "the most sophisticated adventure game we've seen from any home video system" and that, along with Escape from the Mindmaster, it raised the Atari 2600 to "virtually the level of a home computer".

Other reviews focused on its quality and hailed it as among the best games using the Supercharger, while a few disliked the slower pace and graphics. Mike Meyers of the video game magazine Blip declared that although the game was difficult to master, he ultimately declared Dragonstomper to be best of the supercharger games and "probably the best "swords and sorcery" game yet produced for a home video game system." An anonymous author in Computer and Video Games also proclaimed it the best of the current Supercharger games in July 1983 and that the game "should be enough to keep even the most skilled adventurer occupied for a very long time". In the UK publication TV Gamer noted that text in the game made it "one of the most striking things about it" and that with Dragonstomper the "supercharger definitely comes into its own". One reviewer in Videogaming and Computer Gaming Illustrated declared it superior to Intellivision's Advanced Dungeons & Dragons and properly captured the spirit of Dungeons & Dragons while noting that the complexity and slow pace may be off-putting to some gamers. A second reviewer declared that "no one on this planet can be more bored with this video game than I was", finding it annoying to let the game choose the player's fate, noting they had preferred the fantasy-themed game Adventure (1980). Both reviewers negatively commented on the game's graphics. Dan Persons wrote in Video Games stated that graphics and sound in Dragonstomper were merely "ordinary" but that it "happens to be one of the best adventure games released for the 2600". Persons complimented the controls, finding that the system was well laid out for navigating the menus and almost as good as using a keyboard. He concluded his review stating that "the booby traps in the dragon's cave are sprung with such a suddenness that I literally jumped from my seat. A nicely wicked touch."

The game was included in Games magazine's list of the Best New Games of 1983; the publication praised the game for its depth and were surprised to find it on a console as opposed to a home computer. The magazine Video Games Player awarded Dragonstomper the "Adventure Game of the Year" in the home video games category for their Golden Joystick Awards for 1983.

Retrospective reviews
Later reviews continued to praise the game, again comparing its quality to home computer titles of the era and the variety of gameplay. Joe Santulli and Liz Santulli of the Digital Press declared it "one of the greatest games ever for the 2600" and that it "really shows off the Atari 2600's potential", respectively. Chris Cavanaugh, writing for the online database AllGame, gave the game a five-star rating (out of five) opining that Dragonstomper was a "woefully overlooked" and "surprisingly deep and ambitious RPG" and that the "wonder of Dragonstomper lies in the magnitude and variety of its environments, which provide a depth of gameplay usually reserved for home computer titles of this genre".

Ed Lin, writing for Forbes, praised the game's innovative graphics and music cues and that it contained multiple ways to solve problems. Brett Alan Weiss included the game in his book The 100 Greatest Console Video Games, 1977-1987 (2014), declaring it as a sophisticated role-playing game for its time noting its variety in problem-solving and randomized monsters as well as having a good interface.

title: Dragonstomper


text:
User:Mattley/Tiddler-Not

Tiddler-Not is a 6-year old tabby cat. She used to live over the road with her brother, Not-Tiddler-Not, and her sister, Long-John Tiddler-Not (who has one leg missing). She now lives with the man next door but spends much of her time at our house. She comes in and out through a convenient cat-flap installed by previous tenants. She enjoys: Her dislikes include:
 * waking us up in the morning
 * sleeping on a fluffy chair in the front room
 * prawns.
 * staring at the bird feeder, hoping a very stupid bird will visit
 * the wind
 * rain
 * having to go home
 * unexpected squirrel attacks in the back garden

The cat next door at my previous house was very small, and was consequently nicknamed 'Tiddler'. When we moved her and saw how enormous the new cat next door was, it seemed natural to call her 'Tiddler-Not'. It is not her real name.

Tiddler-Not and I have some heated debates about politics. I like Pannekoek and William Morris - she prefers Mao.

Towards an article of her own
We are currently developing a strategy designed to make Tiddler-Not notable enough to deserve her own article in Wikipedia. Here are some suggestions for how to make her notable:

 * Name a high school after her
 * Name a Pokemon character after her
 * Get Ashlee Simpson to write a song about her, or even just mention her in passing
 * Find a fast-food diner in the USA that holds a prawn-eating contest
 * Open up the Pizzeria Tiddler-Not (Kabul)
 * Commission a notable piece of art named after her
 * Found a city, and name it Tiddler-Not

Feel free to offer NEW SUGGESTIONS.

title: User:Mattley/Tiddler-Not


text:
Shola Ameobi

Foluwashola "Shola" Ameobi (born 12 October 1981) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

He spent 14 years at Newcastle United, making 397 official appearances and scoring 79 goals, and received a winner's medal when they won the Championship in 2010. He has the fifth most appearances as a substitute in the Premier League. On leaving Newcastle in 2014, he briefly represented Gaziantep BB in Turkey, before brief spells at Crystal Palace, Bolton Wanderers, Fleetwood Town, and Notts County.

Born in Nigeria but raised in England, Ameobi was capped by the England under-21 team before making his Nigeria debut in 2012 and representing them at the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

Early life
Born in Zaria, Nigeria to a family from Ijumu Local Government Area in modern-day Kogi State. Ameobi moved to Fenham, Newcastle upon Tyne, England when he was five. His initial promise was spotted whilst attending the Walker Central Boys Club, before he was invited to attend Newcastle United's Academy.

Early career
Ameobi signed a pre-contract with Newcastle on 1 July 1997. He progressed through the youth setup, making his debut in the reserves in 1998 on 11 October against Sunderland. He made his first team debut two years later, on 9 September 2000, in a home game against Chelsea. He went on to make 22 appearances for Newcastle that season, in lieu of the injured Alan Shearer and Carl Cort.

The 2002–03 Champions League saw some of Ameobi's finest performances including an equalising goal against Barcelona in a 3–1 defeat at the Nou Camp as well as scoring two goals against Bayer Leverkusen in a 3–1 victory.

His erratic form has earned him some criticism in the past, and although never having been claimed as a prolific goalscorer, many of his games were as a substitute. Due to injuries in the latter stages of the 2005–06 season, Ameobi gained a regular starting place, and scored six goals in Newcastle's last 12 Premier League games.

In the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup, Ameobi scored twice in Newcastle's away tie at Lillestrøm SK (3–0), taking him to second place in the club's table of leading goalscorers in European competition with twelve goals, behind only Shearer.

Injury, loan, and transfer attempts
During the 2006–07 season, Ameobi needed a hip operation, a problem which had been plaguing him for two seasons. Newcastle's shortage of match-fit first team strikers during the previous season had forced him to postpone this surgery. The problem eventually forced Glenn Roeder to send Ameobi for surgery two months before the transfer window, making the 0–0 draw away game to Manchester City his last game and ruling him out for the rest of the season. He had made 13 appearances (three as a substitute) and scored five goals.

Ameobi and the Newcastle medical team reported his hip operation in the United States was a success and that the club doctors and medical staff would work on his rehabilitation. It was originally thought that he would not be fit to play until the start of the 2007–08 season, but his rehabilitation progressed quickly and he returned with three games remaining in the season, clocking approximately 30 minutes of match action against Reading and making a further two appearances.

However, after failing to impress Newcastle manager Sam Allardyce, or Kevin Keegan on 27 March 2008, Ameobi agreed a loan deal with Stoke City until the end of the season, to help their promotion campaign. It is understood that a loan fee of around £500K was agreed and that a possible permanent transfer was also discussed subject to Stoke winning promotion. Ameobi made his debut for Stoke against Sheffield Wednesday on 29 March, the game ended 1–1. After playing for six games and not managing to score despite Stoke's gaining of promotion, Ameobi returned to Newcastle, and Stoke decided not to sign him permanently.

On 14 August, Ipswich Town manager Jim Magilton confirmed that the club were in talks with Ameobi and that the club were keen to get the deal finalised as long as Ameobi was willing to play in the Championship. However, on 17 August, Ameobi failed a medical, showing hamstring problems, and the deal collapsed.

Return to fitness
Due to long-term injuries to Mark Viduka and Alan Smith, as well as shorter term injuries to Michael Owen and Obafemi Martins, Ameobi was able to start the 2008–09 season in the first team squad. He managed to score his first goal in two years for Newcastle in a 2–2 home draw with Manchester City on 20 October. After the match, interim manager Joe Kinnear praised Ameobi and backed him to kick-start his career. He followed this up with a goal in his next game away to Sunderland in a 2–1 defeat on 25 October. He signed a new deal with the club in January 2009 to keep him contracted until 2012.

He scored a penalty to mark his 50th goal for Newcastle on 1 February 2009 against local rivals Sunderland to make the final score 1–1. He scored his first ever career hat-trick in Newcastle's first home match in the Championship against Reading on 15 August. The first two goals were diving headers, and he completed his hat-trick with a penalty, which he placed in the bottom left corner, sending the keeper the wrong way. He scored in the next game in a 1–0 victory over Sheffield Wednesday taking his tally to four goals in three games, equalling his total for the previous season. Following these early season performances he was named the Championship player of the month for August.

He got injured in Newcastle's 4–3 win over Huddersfield Town in the League Cup. The injury kept him out for three months but on his return he scored against Coventry with a left footed strike from the edge of the box. He followed this up by scoring the second in Newcastle's 2–0 home win over Middlesbrough and their 2–2 away draw with Sheffield Wednesday on Boxing Day taking his tally to an impressive 8 goals from 9 starts. Ameobi was subsequently sidelined with a hamstring injury but made the bench against Nottingham Forest on 29 March 2010. Ameobi appeared early in the second half as a substitute, and soon made his presence felt, firing in an angled left-footed shot off the post to give United the lead in a 2–0 victory. On 3 April 2010, Ameobi scored the decisive goal in a 3–2 victory at Peterborough United.

On 22 September 2010 Ameobi scored two goals in a surprise victory away at Chelsea in the League Cup, including the winner in the 90th minute. On 16 October 2010, Ameobi came off the bench to score Newcastle's first in a 2–2 draw against Wigan Athletic. After his good performance against Wigan, he started the next game against West Ham United alongside Andy Carroll putting in a good performance as The Magpies came from 1–0 down to win 2–1. He scored twice in Newcastle's next league game on 31 October 2010 as Newcastle crushed local rivals Sunderland 5–1 at St. James' Park. On 2 January 2011, he scored the winner in a 1–0 win at Wigan Athletic.

Despite suffering with a cheek bone injury in February which required him to wear a mask which impaired his vision upon his return, he was a regular starter after Christmas with the sale of Andy Carroll. He signed a contract extension to the end of the 2013–14 season on 10 August 2011. His current deal was due to expire at the end of the season.

Later career
In the 2011–12 season, Ameobi became something of a fringe player, with the arrival of Demba Ba and later, Papiss Cissé, pushing him onto the substitutes bench. But on Sunday 16 October 2011, against Tottenham, Ameobi, a 71st-minute substitute for Leon Best, scored a goal late on to make it 2–2. The next few games were an annoyance for Ameobi, with Ba finding his shooting boots and pairing well with Best and with Ameobi's inclusion in the starting line-up against Norwich ending up in a 4–2 defeat. On 4 March, Ameobi was yet again on the bench for a game against Sunderland, and brought on as a substitute for Cissé he scored a 91st-minute equaliser to get Newcastle back on terms and bringing his tally to 7 goals in 12 games against Sunderland for Newcastle, a record only bettered by Jackie Milburn. His prolific goal scoring form against Sunderland has led many sections of the Newcastle support to refer to him as "The Mackem Slayer". His next league goal came nine months later, in a 1–0 win over QPR on 22 December.

During Newcastle's Europa League campaign, Ameobi scored three goals in the competition; the opening goal in a 3–0 win over Bordeaux on 4 October 2012; the equaliser in a 2–2 draw with Club Brugge on 8 November 2012, and the only goal of the game from the penalty spot to secure a 1–0 aggregate victory over Metalist Kharkiv on 21 February 2013.

Ameobi scored in a 2–0 win over Morecambe in the second round in the League Cup (with his younger brother scoring the second goal) on 28 August 2013. Ameobi's next goal would come in the league when he scored the opening goal in a 2–1 home loss to Swansea City on 19 April 2014, and he also scored the opening goal in a 3–0 win over Cardiff City. On the final day of the season and also, his final appearance for Newcastle, Ameobi was sent off for dissent in a 2–1 away loss to Liverpool.

On 23 May 2014, it was confirmed by Newcastle United that they would be parting company with Ameobi after 14 years of service for the Tyneside club.

Gaziantep BB
On 11 August 2014, Ameobi signed for Turkish club Gaziantep Büyükşehir Belediyespor on a one-year contract. He made his debut on 13 September, in a goalless draw against Kayserispor, playing the full match and getting booked in the third minute. He scored his first goal through a 35th-minute penalty in the 1–1 draw with Adanaspor on 19 September.

Ameobi left the club on 29 December 2014, citing family reasons for his departure. He made 11 appearances and scored 4 goals during his time there.

Crystal Palace
On 29 January 2015, Ameobi returned to the Premier League by signing for Crystal Palace until the end of the season. He was signed by Alan Pardew, his last manager at Newcastle. On 21 February 2015, he made his debut for the club after being substituted on for Joe Ledley in the eightieth minute against Arsenal.

In June 2015, Ameobi was released by Crystal Palace on expiry of his contract.

Bolton Wanderers
On 23 October 2015, Ameobi signed for Championship side Bolton Wanderers on a short-term contract and was handed the number 26 shirt. He made his debut a day later coming on as a 12th-minute substitute replacing Gary Madine in a 1–1 draw against Leeds United, in which Ameobi gave Bolton the lead in the 32nd minute. He left the club after his contract ended following Bolton's 3–1 victory over MK Dons in which he scored in the 90th minute on 23 January 2016. Following the end of this contract, Ameobi offered to play for Bolton for free but Bolton were unable to do this, due to being under a transfer embargo.

Fleetwood Town
On 12 February 2016, Ameobi signed for Fleetwood Town until the end of the season, and was handed the number 9 shirt.

Notts County
On 3 February 2017, Ameobi signed for Notts County until 30 June 2017. On 20 June 2017, Ameobi signed a new contract with the club.

He was released by Notts County at the end of the 2017–18 season.

Return to Newcastle United and new role
Ameobi returned to Newcastle United on 22 June 2019 as the club's first ever loan manager.

Personal life
He is the older brother of fellow footballers Tomi and Sammy. His father, Dr John Ameobi, is a pastor in Newcastle Apostolic church, a Pentecostal church. All of the Ameobi boys were brought up in the church and have a strong faith. Ameobi is on the board of reference for CSW, an organisation working for religious freedom through advocacy and human rights.

International career
Nigerian-born Ameobi had a three-year spell with England's under-21 team, netting seven goals between 2000 and 2003. Ameobi is the joint eighth highest goal scorer for the under-21s.

In late 2009, Ameobi declared his interest in playing for Nigeria. On 14 January 2011, he was announced in the Nigerian national squad for the first time, for a friendly against Guatemala in the United States, in February. He withdrew from the replacement game against Sierra Leone after breaking his cheekbone in a Premier League match.

On 1 November 2011, it was announced that FIFA had cleared Ameobi to play for Nigeria.

In October 2012, Nigeria head coach Stephen Keshi expressed his interest in Ameobi joining the squad for the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations.

In November 2012, Ameobi received his second call-up for the Nigeria national team against Venezuela. He made his debut on 14 November, appearing as a substitute in the 60th minute for former Newcastle teammate Obafemi Martins. In stoppage time at the end of the game, Ameobi laid on a pass for Ogenyi Onazi to make the score 3–1 to Nigeria.

He scored his first international goal for Nigeria on 10 September 2013, against Burkina Faso in a friendly in Kaduna, Nigeria. In November 2013, he scored his second goal against Italy, in a friendly at Craven Cottage.

On 12 May 2014, he was named in Nigeria's 30-man provisional squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and later made the final 23-man squad. During the tournament, Ameobi made a total of two substitute appearances for the Super Eagles, failing to score in either and ultimately seeing out his side's 2–0 exit to France as an unused substitute.

Club
Scource:

Honours
Newcastle United Individual
 * EFL Championship: 2009–10
 * UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2006
 * 'Wor Jackie' Award: 2000–01

title: Shola Ameobi


text:
GLP

GLP may refer to:

Political parties

 * Gomantak Lok Pox, in Goa, India
 * Gombey Liberation Party, in Bermuda
 * Green Liberal Party of Switzerland
 * Guyana Labour Party

Other uses

 * GLP (company), real estate, Singapore
 * Guadeloupe ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code
 * G9a-like protein
 * Gdynia Literary Prize
 * Genetic Literacy Project
 * Gibson Les Paul
 * German Longhaired Pointer
 * Global Land Project
 * Globus Airlines, Russia, ICAO code
 * Gollaprolu railway station, Andhra Pradesh, India, station code
 * Good laboratory practice
 * Green Launching Pad, New Hampshire, US
 * Japaridze's polymodal logic
 * Global Leadership Program at Daewon Foreign Language High School
 * Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
 * Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are sometimes referred to as "GLPs"
 * Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2)

title: GLP


text:
Tara (Drina)

The Tara (Тара) is a river in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. It emerges from the confluence of the Opasnica and Veruša rivers in the Komovi Mountains, part of the Dinaric Alps of Montenegro. The total length is 143 km, of which 141 km are in or on the border of Montenegro, it also forms the border between the two countries in several places. The Tara flows from south to north - north-west and converges with the Piva at the Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro border between the villages of Šćepan Polje (Montenegro) and Hum (Bosnia and Herzegovina) to form the Drina river (a branch of the Danube watershed).

The Tara River cuts the Tara River Canyon, the longest canyon in Montenegro and Europe and third longest in the world after Grand Canyon and Fish River Canyon at 78 km in length and 1300 m at its deepest. The canyon is protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A part of the canyon includes the Durmitor National Park. The river takes its name from the Illyrian Autariatae tribe, whose territory included the river valley in classical antiquity.

Ichthyofauna
The Tara river is rich in endemic salmonid fish species, huchen (Latin: Hucho hucho), otherwise globally endangered, and together with the river Drina and most of its tributaries, such as the Piva river before damming, the Bistrica, Ćehotina, Lim, Prača, Drinjača, Sutjeska, it is still Europe's premier habitat and spawning grounds.

Tourism and recreation
Rafting is very popular on Tara River. It is also one of the most popular forms of recreation in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The one-day rafting route, from Brstnovica to Šćepan Polje is 18 km long and it takes 2 to 3 hours. Among the attractions of the area is Đurđevića Tara Bridge, on the crossroads between Mojkovac, Žabljak and Pljevlja.

Rafting starts at Splavista from where one starts the 100 km long adventure in the most beautiful and exciting part of canyon. Already at the beginning the Tara, the waterfalls of Ljutica are seen and then, the rafter passes under the 165 m high Đurđevića Tara Bridge. The old Roman road can then be seen as rafters pass through the Lever Tara, "Funjički bukovi", and "Bijele ploče". "Nisovo vrelo" is the deepest part of the canyon at 1100 m high. Further is the bottom of the mountain top, "Curevac" (1650 m), that rises above Tara as its "eternal guardian". Rafting trips meet the waterfalls of Draga and then pass through the Radovan luka, the "Canyon of Sušica", "Tepački bukovi", "Brstanovički bukovi" and "Bailovica sige", ending at Sćepan Polje. In 2005, the European Championships in Rafting were held on the Vrbas and the Tara rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the International Rafting Federation, the event was hugely successful. In May 2009 the World Rafting Championships were held again in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Vrbas and Tara rivers.

Planned damming
The governments of Montenegro and Republika Srpska entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina had plans to flood the Tara river and considerable part of its gorge, with the construction of at least one and possibly more hydroelectric dams on the Drina and possibly the Tara itself. A plan to construct dams in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Drina river, has never been shelved completely. One at Buk Bijela village, some 15 km downstream of border with Montenegro and the confluence of the Tara with the Piva river, the Buk Bijela Hydro Power Plant, although apparently abandoned in April 2005, after several successful protests by environmental activists in favor of preserving both the rivers and the canyon, is now being seriously reconsidered, as recently as 2018, and concessions were given to a company "HE Buk Bijela" created in Foča in 2018, for this purpose. Also, although much older, signed in September 2006, a cooperation agreement between the Slovenian company Petrol and the Montenegrin company "Montenegro-bonus" to plan a construction of a 40-60 megawatts hydroelectric power plant, despite all efforts to protect the gorge, is still a considerable environmental threat for the Drina and the Tara.

title: Tara (Drina)


text:
Deutschlandsender Herzberg/Elster

The Deutschlandsender III was a 500 kilowatt longwave transmitter, erected in 1938/39 near Herzberg, Brandenburg in Germany. Used for the Deutschlandsender radio broadcasts, the guyed mast reaching a height of 337 m was the tallest construction in Europe and the second tallest in the world.

Construction
The Deutschlandsender III used a 325 m tall guyed steel lattice mast of triangular cross section. This was used as a mast radiator and was therefore mounted on a 0.75 m high steatite insulator. At the top of the mast was a lens-like electrical lengthening structure with a diameter of 25 m and a height of 4 m.

Because the mast was under high voltage during transmission, the aircraft warning lighting was realized in a very unconventional manner. On small poles near the mast multiple rotating searchlights were mounted which illuminated the lens-like structure on the top.

It was planned to expand the facility to a circle group antenna. Therefore, ten 275 m tall masts should be built on a circle with a diameter of 1425 m around the central mast. In 1944 construction of a backup antenna in form of a triangle antenna, carried by three 150 m tall masts, forming a triangle with 210 m sidelength, started on the location of the planned mast No. 9. This antenna could not be completed as a result of the war.

On 21 April 1945 the transmitter was severely damaged by Allied bombing. The mast remained unimpaired, but it was dismantled by the Soviet occupation troops, a task that lasted from July 1946 to 23 December 1947. The other parts of the facility were dismantled in 1959, when waterworks were built on the former station area. Nevertheless, there are still some remnants of the base visible at the location.

It is unknown what happened to the mast after it was dismantled. It is sometimes claimed that it was rebuilt in the Ukraine, as "Kiev" was scrawled on the containers the components were transported in.

title: Deutschlandsender Herzberg/Elster


text:
User talk:Rinpop

I'm 70 yrs. I recall as a young person hearing the saying, "Sulphur and Molasses"? Does anyone know what it referred to ??? Somehow I think it had to do with an old health remedy, then again was it something to do with their seeming incompatibility ? If you know, or think you do, please E-mai; me at: "Rinpop@aol.com". thanks, Charlie

title: User talk:Rinpop


text:
Afon Ogwen

 * ) is a river in north-west Wales draining from some of the greatest peaks in Snowdonia before discharging to the sea on the eastern side of Bangor, Gwynedd.

Etymology
Although the spoken form in the local North Wales dialect is Ogwan (with an A), and it has also recently been shown that Ogwan is an original form of the name; the form Ogwen is believed to have been mistakenly adopted as a kind of back-formation, because many words ending in -en become -an in the north Wales dialect.

The name of the river is recorded as Oguanw (with the U doing duty for modern F) in a poem in the Hendregadredd Manuscript. The name is probably a compound word: og + Banw (after language mutation, turns into 'Fanw') 'piglet' = ogfanw. The precise meaning of og is less clear, but it may either be cognate with the Irish Tír na n-Óg (land of youth) or else derive from the Proto-Indo-European *oku ("soon, fast").

Waterfalls
The Ogwen emerging at the western end of Llyn Ogwen immediately descends cataracts and waterfalls, known as Ogwen Falls in English and Rhaeadr Ogwen in Welsh, before continuing in a north-north-westerly direction down the glaciated Nant Ffrancon valley.

Re-Engineered
In the 1950s and 1960s, the stretch of river through Nant Ffrancon was re-engineered to try to help drain the adjoining farmland. However, the beneficial effects were not significant and the ecological damage was great. In the 1990s, the Environment Agency, working with partners including the Countryside Council for Wales and farming groups, re-engineered the river to recreate pools and riffles with the intention of allowing the river to re-gain its original form and diversity of wildlife.

As the river continues northwards, it passes close to the great waste tips of slate produced by the Penrhyn slate quarry. A dam was built in the Afon Ogwen at Ogwen Bank, in the early 20th century, to raise the level of the river in order to provide water for the use of the nearby Penrhyn Quarry and then past a caravan site, Ogwen Bank, where the remains of a long abandoned watermill and mill pond still exist. Passing Braichmelyn village on its eastern bank, it is joined by the substantial tributary, the Afon Caseg, which drains a large area of the Carneddau mountains. The course turns slightly more westwards as the river passes through Bethesda and becomes progressively more wooded and more deeply cut providing some white water conditions enjoyed by canoeists.

The widening river is then followed by an abandoned railway line (now the Lon Las Ogwen cycle path) through a woodland valley crossing under the main north Wales coast line and the A55 before discharging to the Menai Strait at Aberogwen, near Bangor.

Tributaries

 * Right
 * Afon Bodesi
 * Afon Lloer
 * Afon Denau
 * Afon Caseg
 * Afon Llafar
 * Afon Ffrydlas
 * Afon Llan (Llanllechid)

 * Left
 * Nant (neu Afon) Gwern y Gof
 * Nant Bochlwyd
 * Nant Cywion
 * Nant Bual
 * Nant Berfedd

title: Afon Ogwen


text:
Key deer

The Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) is an endangered subspecies of the white-tailed deer that lives only in the Florida Keys. It is the smallest extant North American deer species.

Description
This deer can be recognized by its characteristic size, smaller than all other white-tailed deer. Adult males (known as bucks) usually weigh 25 - 34 kg and stand about 76 cm tall at the shoulder. Adult females (does) usually weigh between 20 and 29 kg and have an average height of 66 cm at the shoulders. The deer is a reddish-brown to grey-brown in color. Antlers are grown by males and shed between February and March and regrown by June. When the antlers are growing, they have a white velvet coating. The subspecies otherwise generally resembles other white-tailed deer in appearance.

Behavior
Key deer easily swim between islands. Living close to humans, they have little of the natural fear of humans shown by most of their larger mainland relatives (an example of island tameness). The deer are often found in residents' yards and along roadsides where plants and flowers grow. This often results in car-to-deer collisions, as the deer are more active (and harder to avoid) at night. Seeing them at dusk and dawn is not unusual.

Breeding
Breeding occurs all year, but peaks in October and December. Territorial activity is limited to defending a receptive doe from other bucks. Longevity records are 9 years for males and 7 years for females. Adult females form loose matriarchal groups with one or two generations of offspring, while bucks feed and bed together only outside the breeding season.

Distribution and habitat
The range of the Key deer originally encompassed all of the lower Florida Keys (where standing water pools exist), but is now limited to a stretch of the Florida Keys from about Sugarloaf Key to Bahia Honda Key. Key deer use all islands during the wet season when drinking water is more generally available, retreating to islands with a perennial supply of fresh water in dry months. By August 2019, most individuals were living on only one of the Florida Key islands, Big Pine Key. Key deer inhabit nearly all habitats within their range, including pine rocklands, hardwood hammocks, mangroves, and freshwater wetlands.

Diet
The species feeds on over 150 types of plants, but mangroves (red, white, and black), silver palm fruit and thatch palm berries make up the most important parts of their diets. Pine rockland habitat is important, as well, because it is often the only reliable source of fresh drinking water (Key deer can tolerate drinking only mildly brackish water). Habitat destruction due to human encroachment causes many deer to feed on non-native ornamental plants, which may only increase the likelihood of human conflict.

History
The Key deer is a subspecies of white-tailed deer which migrated to the Florida Keys from the mainland over a land bridge during the Wisconsin glaciation. The earliest known written reference to Key deer comes from the writings of Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda, a Spanish sailor shipwrecked in the Florida Keys and captured by Native Americans in the 1550s.

Endangered status
Key deer were hunted as a food supply by native tribes, passing sailors, and early settlers. Hunting them was banned in 1939, but widespread poaching and habitat destruction caused the subspecies to plummet to near-extinction by the 1950s. The National Key Deer Refuge, a federally administered National Wildlife Refuge operated by the Wildlife Service, was established in 1957.

Recent population estimates put the population between 700 and 800, putting it on the list of endangered species. Road kills from drivers on US 1, which traverses the deer's small range, are also a major threat, averaging between 125 and 150 kills per year, 70% of the annual mortality.

The population has been impacted by the fragmentation, destruction and degradation of its habitat, generally due to urbanization. Human feeding of deer has also proven problematic, as the animals become dependent on this food source. Fences have become an obstacle to migration and dispersal.

However, the population has made an encouraging rise since 1955, when population estimates ranged as low as 25, and appears to have stabilized in recent years. Still, recent human encroachment into the fragile habitat and the deer's relatively low rate of reproduction point to an uncertain future for the subspecies. In August 2019 the USFWS recommended that the Key deer be "delisted due to recovery". The species remained listed, but its recovery plan was amended in 2022 to specify the conditions in which delisting or downlisting would be appropriate.

The ongoing rise in sea level, owing to climate change, is a new threat to its remaining habitat on the islands of southern Florida. Beginning in 2023 when assisted migration was newly authorized as a recovery option for endangered species, Key deer was among the animal species mentioned in the press that might have no other option for escaping extinction in its historical range. A November 2023 news article about the 50th anniversary of the Endangered Species Act summed up the problem for Key deer this way: "Rising seas created the Key deer. Rapidly rising seas, a symptom of human-caused climate change, are challenging its continued existence and raising tough questions for the people trying to keep the nation's more than 1,300 other threatened and endangered species alive."

Screw worm infestation
In September 2016, a screw worm infestation was discovered (the first infestation of its kind in the U.S. since 1982) to be affecting the Key deer population, necessitating the euthanasia of affected animals. The screw worm is a fly larva that enters an open wound of a live animal and eats the flesh of the animal from within, leading to a gruesome death. The female fly mates once in her life, so the infestation can be battled by introducing sterile male flies to the population, causing the females to die out without laying fertile eggs. Other steps to battle the outbreak included injecting deer with antiparasitic drugs, fencing off healthy sections of the population, and tracking a portion of deer with radio collars. The pest was declared as eradicated in April 2017. The outbreak killed 135 deer, roughly an eighth of the herd.

Conservation efforts
Conservation efforts include the establishment of the National Key Deer Refuge, which consists of about 8500 acre on Big Pine, No Name Key, and several smaller uninhabited islands. Not all of the refuge lands are protected as public lands; despite extensive efforts of the refuge to purchase these private habitat lands for protection in the refuge, about 5000 acre currently remain in private ownership and can potentially be developed. About 1000 acre of this privately developable land is on Big Pine Key and No Name Key, which are the central population areas for the deer. In 2006, a habitat conservation plan was enacted by Monroe County and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, which will limit development in primary habitat and provide for additional habitat purchases over the next 15 years. At the end of this period, however, most of the 1000 acre of privately owned habitat land on Big Pine and No Name Keys will still be open for further development. Thus, while the short term promises some cushion from extinction, the long-term prospects for the deer remain in doubt.

A portion of U.S. Route 1 was also elevated in 2003 to allow the deer to pass safely beneath the roadway, in an attempt to lessen the chance of road kills. However, no decrease in total traffic deaths has been seen.

The National Key Deer Refuge encourages people to help keep the Key deer wild by not feeding them. Feeding acclimates them to humans and vehicles, and makes them more likely to be hit and killed by vehicles. Also, hanging around people and developed areas in higher than normal densities makes them more susceptible to diseases, dog attacks, and entanglements in human trash, all of which can lead to increased injuries or death.

title: Key deer


text:
Wumpa

Wumpa may refer to:
 * Wumpa's World, a cartoon
 * Wumpa fruit, a fictional fruit in the Crash Bandicoot video game series -this is an apple mango mix.

title: Wumpa


text:
User:Thruston

Who: Toby Thurston

Where: Leave comments on talk page to contact.

What: Technologist, Classicist, Londoner, Father, Husband, Programmer, Architect, Designer, Hill Walker, Cyclist, Skier, Diner, Winer, Nitpicker, (ex) Rugby player.

I like: London Pride, Amélie, Things that work, New trains

I hate: New-age-occult-rubbish, Queuing, Loud amplified music

[that's enough pretentious drivel, Ed.]

Pages I care about:

 * Merton College, Oxford – Mob Quad – Merton College Library
 * Samuel Pepys
 * Romanes Lecture and all the lecturer pages linked from it.
 * Punt (boat)

title: User:Thruston


text:
Kelly Miller (scientist)

Kelly Miller (July 18, 1863 – December 29, 1939) was an American mathematician, sociologist, essayist, newspaper columnist, author, and an important figure in the intellectual life of black America for close to half a century. He was known as "the Bard of the Potomac".

Early life and education
Kelly Miller was the third of six children born to Elizabeth Miller and Kelly Miller Sr. His mother was a former slave and his father was a freed black man who was conscripted into the Winnsboro Regiment of the Confederate Army. Miller was born in Winnsboro, South Carolina, where he attended local primary and grade school.

From 1878 to 1880, Miller attended Fairfield Institute. Based on his achievements, he was offered a scholarship to Howard University, a historically black college. Miller finished the preparatory department's three-year curriculum in Latin and Greek, then mathematics, in two years. After finishing one department, he quickly moved on to the next one. Miller attended the College Department at Howard from 1882 to 1886.

In 1886, Miller was given the opportunity to study advanced mathematics with Captain Edgar Frisby. Frisby was an English mathematician working at the US Naval Observatory. Frisby's assistant, Simon Newcomb, noticed Miller's intellectual ability and recommended that he study at Johns Hopkins University. Miller spent the following two years at Johns Hopkins University (1887–1889) and became the first African-American student to attend the university. Miller studied mathematics, physics, and astronomy. He was the first African American to study graduate mathematics in the United States.

Miller was an honorary member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.

Career
Unable to continue attending Johns Hopkins University due to financial limitations, Miller taught mathematics at the M Street High School in Washington, D.C. from 1889 to 1890. Appointed professor of mathematics at Howard in 1890, Miller introduced sociology (the development, structure, and functioning of human society) into the curriculum in 1895, serving as professor of sociology from 1895 to 1934. Miller graduated from Howard University School of Law in 1903. In 1907, Miller was appointed dean of the College of Arts and Sciences.

His deanship lasted twelve years, and in that time, the college changed significantly. The old classical curriculum was modernized and new courses in the natural sciences and the social sciences were added. Miller was an avid supporter of Howard University and actively recruited students to the school. In 1914, he planned a Negro-American Museum and Library. He persuaded Jesse E. Moorland to donate his large private library on blacks in Africa and the United States to Howard University and it became the foundation for his Negro-Americana Museum and Library center.

He was a participant in the March 5, 1897 meeting to celebrate the memory of Frederick Douglass, which founded the American Negro Academy led by Alexander Crummell. Until the organization was discontinued in 1928, Miller remained one of the most active members of this first major African American learned society, refuting racist scholarship, promoting black claims to individual, social, and political equality, and publishing early histories and sociological studies of African American life.

Miller gained his well-known national importance from his involvement in another movement led by W. E. B. Du Bois. Miller showed intellectual leadership during the conflict between the "accommodations" of Booker T. Washington and the "radicalism" of the growing civil rights. Miller was known in two ways to the public.

On African-American education policy, Miller aligned himself with neither the "radicals" — Du Bois and the Niagara Movement — nor the "conservatives" — the followers of Booker T. Washington. Miller sought a middle way, a comprehensive education system that would provide for "symmetrical development" of African-American citizens by offering both vocational and intellectual instruction.

In February 1924, Miller was elected chairman of the Negro Sanhedrin, a civil rights conference held in Chicago that brought together representatives of 61 African-American organizations to forge closer ties and attempt to craft a common program for social and political reform.

He believed that blacks should favor free market rather than government or union power, stating:

"The capitalist has but one dominating motive, the production and sale of goods. The race or color of the producer counts but little.... The capitalist stands for an open shop which gives to every man the unhindered right to work according to his ability and skill. In this proposition the capitalist and the Negro are as one."

He was critical of racially biased policing, saying in 1935 that police violence harmed community trust: "Too often the policeman's club is the only instrument of the law with which the Negro comes into contact. This engenders in him a distrust and resentful attitude toward all public authorities and law officers".

Written works
Miller was a prolific writer of articles and essays which were published in major newspapers, magazines, and several books, including Out of the House of Bondage. Miller assisted W. E. B. Du Bois in editing The Crisis, the official journal of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Miller started off publishing his articles anonymously in the Boston Transcript. He wrote about both radical and conservative groups. Miller also shared his views in the Educational Review, Dial, Education, and the Journal of Social Science. His anonymous articles later became subject for his lead essay in his book Race Adjustment published in 1908. Miller suggested that African Americans had the right to protest against the unjust circumstances that came with the rise of white supremacy in the South. Miller supported racial harmony, thrift, and institution building.

In 1917, Miller published an open letter to President Woodrow Wilson in the Baltimore Afro-American against lynching, which he called "national in its range and scope," and called the government's failure to stop it "the disgrace of democracy." He also stated "It is but hollow mockery of the Negro when he is beaten and bruised in all parts of the nation and flees to the national government for asylum, to be denied relief on the basis of doubtful jurisdiction. The black man asks for protection and is given a theory of government."

It was circulated as a pamphlet in the camp libraries of the US armed forces for about a year until "the department of military censorship" ordered it removed because it "tended to make the soldier who read [it] a less effective fighter against the German." Miller published Kelly Miller's History of the World War for Human Rights which included "A wonderful Array of Striking Pictures Made from Recent Official Photographs, Illustrating and Describing the New and Awful Devices Used in the Horrible Methods of Modern Warfare, together with Remarkable Pictures of the Negro in Action in Both Army and Navy" in 1919.

Death and legacy
After the First World War, Miller's life became difficult. He was demoted in 1919 to dean of a new junior college after J. Stanley Durkee was appointed as president of Howard in 1918 and built a new central administration. Miller continued to publish articles and weekly columns in black presses. His views were published in more than 100 newspapers.

Miller died in 1939, on Howard's campus. He was survived by his wife Annie May Butler, four of his five children: Kelly the III, May, Irene, and Paul. His son, Isaac Newton, preceded him in death.

A 160-unit housing development in LeDroit Park, constructed in 1941, was named in his honor, as was Kelly Miller Middle School in Washington, DC.

title: Kelly Miller (scientist)


text:
Transavia

Transavia Airlines B.V., trading as Transavia and formerly branded as transavia.com, is a Dutch low-cost airline and a wholly owned subsidiary of KLM and therefore part of the Air France–KLM group. Its main base is Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and it has other bases at Rotterdam The Hague Airport and Eindhoven Airport.

Early years
The first brainstorming sessions about starting a second charter company in the Netherlands, after Martinair, started in spring 1966, when the American Chalmers Goodlin met with captain Pete Holmes. "Slick" Goodlin had recently bought the dormant small company Transavia Limburg, based in Maastricht, which had three DC-6's available. The Dutch government needed to be approached in order to obtain an operating license for the airline, both in order to be allowed to operate out of Amsterdam Airport, and for these DC-6s.

At that stage John Block, a former member of the Martinair Holland management, was willing to take that on. He succeeded, the license was issued on 14 November 1966 and two days later on 16 November 1966 the airline's first commercial flight – Amsterdam/Naples/Amsterdam – was completed; flown by Captain Pete Holmes, on board were the Dutch Ballet Orchestra and the Dutch Dance Theatre. This was the first flight with the new name of Transavia Holland.

The company found offices at the old Schiphol Airport, Hangar 7 and the fledgling's financier Slick Goodlin appointed the three-pronged management: Commercial Director J.N. Block, Director Operations H.G. Holmes, and Technical Director Kees de Blok. Some of the first employees were pilots John Schurman (Canadian), Hans Steinbacher & Pim Sierks (Dutch), Chief Stewardess Willy Holmes-Spoelder and her stewardesses: Senior Stewardess Wil Dammers and six carefully selected and trained young women.

The first of fourteen secondhand Sud Caravelle twin-jet airliners to be operated by Transavia was delivered in summer 1969 and the type remained in service with the airline until being replaced by further deliveries of Boeing 737s in 1976.

Development since the 1980s
Building up the airline from scratch, ten years later Transavia had a marketshare of 45% of the Dutch holiday market and became the main competitor of Martinair. In 1986, the Transavia Holland brand was changed into Transavia Airlines. It was the first airline to take advantage of the first open skies agreement signed between the UK and Dutch governments. Transavia started operating its first scheduled service on the Amsterdam to London Gatwick route on 26 October 1986. In 1992, Transavia was operating code sharing flights between Amsterdam and London Gatwick on behalf of Continental Airlines with these services providing passenger feed for Continental nonstop flights between London and New York City (via Newark Airport), Houston and Denver.

During 1991, the airline's major shareholder, Nedlloyd, sold its 80% holding to KLM. In 1998, Transavia was the first foreign airline to operate domestic services in Greece following a change in Greek aviation law. In June 2003, KLM acquired the remaining 20% of Transavia, making it 100% KLM owned. The subsequent merger of Air France and KLM made Transavia a wholly owned subsidiary of Air France-KLM.

In the early 2000s, Transavia was primarily a charter airline with a low-cost airline subsidiary called Basiq Air. To strengthen its brand image, the two were combined under the transavia.com domain name on 1 January 2005.

Transavia had a French unit, Transavia France, based at Paris-Orly, but it is now fully owned by Air France. A Danish unit, Transavia Denmark, based at Copenhagen, operated from 2008 until April 2011 when it was shut down after failing to meet expectations.

A strike was organised by Air France pilots in September 2014, in protest against the Air France-KLM group's increased focus on the development of Transavia, whose pilots were being paid less than those of Air France.

By early 2015, Transavia received a new corporate design dropping the ".com" from its public appearance and changed its primary colors from white/green/blue to white/green. The airline is now to be positioned as Air France-KLM's low-cost brand for the Netherlands and France.

In February 2017, Transavia announced that it would shut down its base at Munich Airport by late October 2017 after only a year of service due to a change in their business strategy and negative economic outlook.

In December 2019, Transavia announced the launch of its base at Brussels Airport, initially operating nine routes from the airport.

In December 2021, after a delay due to the coronavirus, the base at Brussels Airport was opened. Transavia will station one aircraft at the Belgian airport.

Business trends
The financials for both parts of the Transavia brand (Transavia Netherlands and Transavia France) are fully incorporated in the published annual accounts of their ultimate parent, Air France-KLM. Results reported for the Transavia brand are (figures for financial years ending 31 December): In 2013 and 2015 Transavia had 2,050 and 2,400 employees respectively.

Head office
Transavia has its head office in the TransPort Building, Schiphol East, on the grounds of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, Haarlemmermeer, Netherlands. Transavia moved into the new building on 3 May 2010 with about 400 employees. Previously the head office was in the Building Triport III at Schiphol Airport.

Ownership and structure
Transavia Airlines B.V. is 100% owned by KLM, which in turn is owned by Air France-KLM; however, Transavia is run as an independent operation. It holds a 4.49% interest in the French airline transavia France (the remaining 95.51% is owned by Air France), which operates in the French market. Transavia France also operates under the brand name of Transavia, with an identical business model, website, and image.

Business model
Transavia operates as a low-cost carrier with a single class of cabin. The airline offers the "Selection on Board" buy on board service offering food and drinks for purchase. Commencing 5 April 2011, Transavia introduced fees for hold luggage and changed the rules for hand luggage, with the maximum allowable weight for hand luggage increased from 5 kg to 10 kg.

Codeshare agreements
Transavia has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:
 * Air France
 * Delta Air Lines
 * KLM

Current fleet
Transavia has mainly operated models of the Boeing 737family throughout its history. However, Air France-KLM announced in December 2021 that it had placed an order for up to 100 aircraft of the Airbus A320neo family, with options for 50 additional aircraft. These will be replacing the entire Boeing 737 fleet of Transavia, Transavia France, and KLM.

, Transavia (excluding Transavia France) operates the following registered aircraft:

Previously, during the busy summer season, Transavia would regularly lease additional 737 aircraft from Sun Country Airlines, a US airline based in Eagan, Minnesota. During the slower winter season, which corresponds to Sun Country's busy season, Sun Country leases several planes from Transavia. A similar agreement was also made with the Brazilian, Rio de Janeiro based low-cost airline Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes (GOL Airlines). This reciprocal arrangement allows both airlines to balance their fleets to reflect seasonal demand. These agreements, however, seem to have been terminated around the year 2020, based on the fleet activity of the airlines. Transavia does in the present day, when needed, wet-lease aircraft to operate on their behalf if they are unable to meet the capacity demand at the time. The most common reasons for Transavia to have to wet-lease is that several aircraft are grounded (AOG) due to unscheduled maintenance usually related to damage incurred during ground handling or scheduled maintenance which takes longer than expected. These issues often also result in the airline needing to cancel several flights.

Historical fleet
Over the years, Transavia has operated the following aircraft types in its mainline fleet: Additional aircraft types were part of the fleet in small numbers and only for short-term periods.

Accidents and incidents
No fatalities or complete loss of aircraft have occurred on Transavia flights. In 1997 two incidents occurred with substantial damage to the aircraft:

 * On 8 February 1997, Transavia Airlines Flight 484, a Boeing 737-300 flying from Salzburg to Amsterdam, was damaged en route. The push/pull rod of the elevator broke off, damaging the Boeing 737's rudder, and an emergency landing was made at Nuremberg Airport. There were no fatalities, but the FAA issued an Airworthiness Directive after this and a similar incident.

 * On 24 December 1997, Transavia Airlines Flight 462, a Boeing 757-200 flying from Gran Canaria to Amsterdam, was seriously damaged during landing. The aircraft landed in strong, gusty winds and touched down hard with its right main gear first. On touchdown the nose gear doghouse collapsed, inflicting serious damage on some electrical and electronic systems and control cables. After sliding over the runway for approximately 3 km, the aircraft came to rest in the grass beside the runway. The plane was evacuated successfully, and no fatalities or serious injuries occurred. The aircraft returned to service after repairs.

 * On 6 September 2019, Transavia Airlines Flight 1041 attempted to take off from Taxiway D instead of Runway 18C at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. Airtraffic controllers ordered the aircraft to stop immediately. No injuries were reported.

title: Transavia


text: User talk:84.191.1.105

title: User talk:84.191.1.105


text:
Cooperite (mineral)

Cooperite is a grey mineral consisting of platinum sulfide, generally in combinations with sulfides of other elements such as palladium and nickel (PdS and NiS). Its general formula is. It is a dimorph of braggite.

It is mined as an ore of platinum and platinum group metals such as palladium. It occurs in South Africa in minable quantities and in an old mine near Mount Washington on Vancouver Island.

It was first described in 1928 for occurrences in the Bushveld Igneous Complex and named after South African metallurgist Richard A. Cooper who first characterized it.

title: Cooperite (mineral)


text:
Talk:Kelly Miller (scientist)

Untitled
The text of article was obtained from Library of Congress site. Darwin 15:37, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The Wikipedia article on Kelly Miller is very vague and has little information on his life and his contributions to African American history. Wikipedia briefly covers his career in less than three paragraphs and then includes two sentences on “The Disgrace of Democracy”, an open letter Miller had written to President Woodrow Wilson. One can count Wikipedia as a credible source in this case because most, if not all of the information is cited. However, one would come to Kelly Millers Wikipedia page for basic facts only. The Wikipedia article provided is not as useful as Michael R. Winston’s article published in American National Biography. To begin with, the Wikipedia article does not provide any background information on Miller. Winston’s article provides us with small but significant facts including that he was the sixth of ten children born from Elizabeth Miller, former slave and father Kelly Miller, a free black that served in the confederate army. While Wikipedia just jumps from education to his actual works of writing, Winston’s article provides us information about his primary school first, followed by college and his accomplishments. The article later gets into depth about Miller’s career at Howard as a teacher, followed by his works of literature and how he has contributed to African American history. The Wikipedia article contains four contents, two of which contain only references and not actual information. In the "talk" section, it seems as though the article was copied from "Library of Congress", this was last updated in 2005. One would not find a lot of information about Kelly Miller on Wikipedia, especially since it has not been updated in a while. In conclusion, the Wikipedia article is scrambled and less informative in comparison to Winston’s article published in American National Biography.who cares at all it is cool to edit things.

Michael R. Winston. "Miller, Kelly"; http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00478.html; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Navitoriana (talk • contribs) 04:09, 6 November 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Kelly Miller (scientist). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071023221113/http://www.mulambda.org/page.php?parent_id=&page_id=15979 to http://www.mulambda.org/page.php?parent_id=&page_id=15979

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:45, 4 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kelly Miller (scientist)


text: File:Imperium box cover.jpg

title: File:Imperium box cover.jpg


title: Template:Hiero/3name


text:
User:Optichan

ja:利用者:Optichan

title: User:Optichan


text:
Visibility graph analysis

In architecture, visibility graph analysis (VGA) is a method of analysing the inter-visibility connections within buildings or urban networks. Visibility graph analysis was developed from the architectural theory of space syntax by Turner et al. (2001), and is applied through the construction of a visibility graph within the open space of a plan.

Visibility graph analysis uses various measures from the theory of small-world networks and centrality in network theory in order to assess perceptual qualities of space and the possible usage of it.

Visibility graph analysis was firstly implemented in Turner's Depthmap software and is now widely used by both academics and practitioners through the open source and multi-platform depthmapX developed by Tasos Varoudis.

Another opensource and multi-platform software that implements visibility graphs is topologicpy developed by Wassim Jabi.

title: Visibility graph analysis


text:
Talk:Summit (disambiguation)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Summit (topography) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 16:45, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Summit (disambiguation)


text:
Birmingham Bullets

The Birmingham Bullets were a British professional basketball team from Birmingham, England who competed in the British Basketball League (BBL). The club was founded in 1974 as Coventry Granwood before moving to Birmingham in 1980 as part of the team's sponsorship agreement with Fiat. The Bullets achieved some success in the BBL, mostly in the late 1990s and early 2000s, including winning the Playoffs in 1996 and 1998. They also achieved a 2nd place League finish in 1998 and were runners up in the 2000 Playoffs and 2002 Trophy. In latter years, the club struggled both on and off the court. The club officially resigned from the BBL in the summer of 2006 and soon after went into liquidation. Since then both the Birmingham Panthers and Birmingham Knights have endured short-lived and unsuccessful spells in the BBL.

Notable former players
• 🏴 Clive Allen

• 🇺🇸 Jeff Bonds

• 🇺🇸 🏴 Tony Dorsey

• 🇺🇸 🏴 Fabulous Flournoy

• 🇺🇸🇫🇷 Marcus Gaither

• 🇺🇸 Shawn Jamison

• 🇧🇧 🏴 Nigel Lloyd

• 🇨🇦 Skouson Harker

• 🇺🇸 🇮🇹 Rob Paternostro

• 🇺🇸 🏴 Paul Stewart

• 🏴 Yorick Williams

title: Birmingham Bullets


text: User talk:69.140.2.234

title: User talk:69.140.2.234