text:
Midtown Tunnel (Virginia)

The Midtown Tunnel carries U.S. Highway 58 across the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River in the South Hampton Roads area of Virginia, US. It links the cities of Portsmouth and Norfolk. Owned by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), it is operated and maintained by Elizabeth River Crossings under a 58-year public–private partnership concession agreement. Formerly a toll-free facility, open road tolling was implemented on February 1, 2014 by VDOT to help finance repairs and expansion to the tunnel.

History
The two-lane Midtown Tunnel was completed September 6, 1962, supplementing the Downtown Tunnel and the Berkley Bridge. It was the second fixed crossing directly between Portsmouth and Norfolk across the Elizabeth River. It was financed and built by the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission with toll revenue bonds. In 1988 and 1989, during an expansion of I-264, the Downtown Tunnel and the Berkley Bridge were rebuilt and expanded. Tolls were also removed from the Midtown and Downtown tunnels at that time. Prior to 2007, the westbound lane of US Route 58, right before the tunnel's entry, had an HOV lane that spanned a total of 25 yards. Until its removal during construction in 2007, this lane allowed HOV traffic to merge in right at the tunnel entrance.

The need for expanded capacity at the Midtown Tunnel location has been well known and documented for decades, but developing a successful funding strategy to expand the tunnel has remained elusive over time. In 2006, the Hampton Roads Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) undertook a study to determine the feasibility of utilizing toll financing to support the region's high priority unfunded transportation projects, which included the Midtown Tunnel Project. This analysis concluded that the development and enhancements of the Midtown Tunnel and MLK Freeway Extension projects could be financially feasible if tolls were also collected to supplement inadequate public funds. This would include tolling the parallel Downtown Tunnel to create a congestion management plan to prevent the diversion of potential Midtown Tunnel traffic to a competing free facility.

Congestion
During its first year of operation, 8,400 vehicles per day crossed through the tunnel. As port traffic expanded between Norfolk International Terminals and Portsmouth Marine Terminal during the 1980s, tunnel volumes increased year over year, reaching 40,000 vehicles per day in 2013, 3% of which is at least a truck with one trailer (as is typical of trucks leaving the port). As this number greatly exceeds its original capacity, hours of congestion are both a routine and daily occurrence at the crossing.

Floodgate failure
In September, 2003, the Midtown Tunnel was flooded and seriously damaged by Hurricane Isabel. The facility is equipped with floodgates designed for closure to protect it from flooding during extreme weather conditions such as hurricanes. As flood waters were rising during the storm, workers were unable to remove plates that were both bolted and tack-welded to the roadbed. As a result, the flood gates could not be completely closed and the tunnel filled with an estimated 44 million gallons of water. The tunnel suffered substantial electrical and mechanical damage, but was not damaged structurally. It was closed for nearly four weeks as water and sediment was pumped out, systems inspected, and essential repairs were completed. It was later determined that managers of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) had failed to adequately test the floodgates. VDOT revamped its operating procedures at all of its tunnels in the wake of the incident. Studies of additional harbor crossings have also gained additional attention since then.

Public Private Partnership
After numerous studies and legislative attempts to fund the project publicly, Governor Bob McDonnell and VDOT in 2011 contracted with Elizabeth River Crossings (ERC) to build a new Midtown Tunnel, rehabilitate the existing Midtown Tunnel as well as the Downtown Tunnels, and extend the Martin Luther King Freeway. Under the agreement VDOT retained ownership and oversight of the tunnels, however ERC will finance, build, operate and maintain the facilities for a 58-year concession period. ERC will also assume risk of delivering the project on a performance-based, fixed-price, fixed-date contract, protecting users and taxpayers from cost overruns and delays. Funding is expected from tolls, private equity, contributions from the Commonwealth and a low-interest Federal Highway Administration loan. Operation of the tunnel system was turned over to ERC on July 12, 2012.

Construction and rehabilitation
Fabrication on the new Midtown Tunnel began in November 2012 in Sparrows Point, Maryland. The tunnel's 11 concrete elements were towed down the Chesapeake Bay to the Project site in Portsmouth for immersion and placement under the Elizabeth River. By March 2015, the first six elements were in place and production of the remaining five tunnel elements was in progress. Once the new tunnel was constructed, traffic in the existing Midtown Tunnel was converted to one-way eastbound from Portsmouth to Norfolk and the new 2-lane tunnel carried westbound traffic from Norfolk to Portsmouth. Rehabilitation work began in the existing tunnel after the new tunnel was opened. The new, westbound tunnel opened to traffic at 1:40pm EDT on June 17, 2016, with rehabilitation on the eastbound tunnel completed on September 1, 2017.

Tolling
As a part of the funding structure for the project, tolls were established by ERC. Tolls were originally scheduled to begin in late-summer 2012 (in conjunction with ERC assuming operation and maintenance duties in July 2012), however the McDonnell administration authorized a $100 million buydown suspension of the tolls until January 2014. This also gave time for a civil lawsuit to work its way to the Virginia Supreme Court who ruled on the case in November 2013, allowing tolling to begin in February 2014. It will continue through April 13, 2070.

Tolls were originally scheduled to begin at rates of $1.59/non-peak hours and $1.84/peak for cars and $4.77/non-peak and $7.34/peak for heavy vehicles. However, as part of an agreement with ERC, Governor Terry McAuliffe and VDOT agreed to pay ERC $82 million to reduce the toll rates to 75¢/off-peak and $1/peak for cars, and $1.50/off-peak and $4.00/peak heavy vehicles in 2014, with a 25¢ increase every year until the new Midtown Tunnel opens (or until the end of 2017), at which time the toll rates would then return to their originally scheduled rates.

After that, rates will increase annually by a factor equal to the greater of changes to Consumer Price Index or 3.5 percent.

title: Midtown Tunnel (Virginia)


text:
Talk:Kirklees

Untitled
Black Hill _was_ on the Cheshire/Yorkshire border, (with Derbyshire ending at Crowden/A628) - so says Alfred Wainwright's 1968 Pennine Way Companion and my reading of my 1980 Dark Peak OS map - possible error? Linuxlad 10:17, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Digital mapping, including Streetmap, my digital Anquet map, and OS's getamap, all show it as clearly being on the border with Derbyshire, with an area north of the A628 (now?) within Derbyshire. Suggests to me that the border has moved, as this would seem an odd (and major) sort of error. There is also the potential for confusion here - there is a Black Hill on the Cheshire border (and just outside the Peak District), but not the Black Hill (Peak District) linked to from this Kirklees page, which does appear from current OS maps to be on the Derbyshire border. StephenDawson 12:14, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * That would be Tintwistle Rural District. Morwen - Talk 22:17, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Name
It would be useful to have a definition on this page of why the metropolitan borough was named "Kirklees". I assume it was named after Kirklees Hall, but why was that rather obscure name chosen in preference to one of the several town names within the borough? Was it, like Sandwell, supposedly a case of choosing a neutral name the towns wouldn't fight over? DWaterson 21:52, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Erm, especially given that Kirklees Hall appears to be in Calderdale and not MB Kirklees at all either... Anyone? DWaterson 21:54, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I have a 1972 OS Map of the Dark Peak, which shows Black Hill which has to the east Holme Moss and to the North Wessenden Moor. It is marked as the point at which the Pennine Way and the Alternative Pennine Way meet. I recall being told that if you stood there with your legs apart and reached down to touch the floor you would be in West Yorkshire Lancashire and Cheshire all at the same time. The county boundaries seem to indicate most of Black Hill was in West Yorkshire, at that time. I have photographed the relevant section and uploaded it here:- Black Hill It should enlarge quite well but needs a copyright tag, but I don't know which to use. if its not a fair use could someone delete the image after the answer has been agreed. As for Kirklees's name:- Huddersfield Borough Council ceased to exist on the 27 July, 1974, amid a huge public firework display and a banquet for dignitaries. It merged with Dewsbury Borugh Council and since then most of us, who live here, have been trying to figure out the real reason why the new councillors chose the name of Kirklees! and longer still wondering when they will change it back.  Some say its because Kirklees Estate was halfway between, and included, the two boroughs on the main route from Huddersfield to Dewsbury, others claim its because the new councillors wanted a more 'upmarket and memorable name'.  Whatever the reason the results are the same, no-one knows where 'Kirklees' is, but they do know where 'Huddersfield Town' is.  The best chance for the true reason would be to scour the microfiche records of the Huddersfield Examiner, available in the Huddersfield public library. Richard Harvey 00:24, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

The Times of August 8, 1974, has a bit about this - obviously Huddersfield "would not have been acceptable to Batley and Dewsbury" - the councillor quoted claims that they "started with 50 names, including Wooldale and Brigantia. Finally the choice was between Upper Agbrigg and Kirklees". Morwen - Talk 13:52, 17 September 2006 (UTC) Oh, and your date of July 27 is erroneous - I don't know what happened on that day, but the actual legal date was April 1, 1974.
 * My typo error Morwen! It should have read 27th March 1974, not July. It was the date of the final meeting of Huddersfield Borough Council, in its 106th year, which was followed by the official banquet and a firework display in Greenhead park the same evening.  Richard Harvey 18:43, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

Last pit in West Yorkshire
Notice that it's come up twice now, so I'll put it on here. Kellingley is just over the border into North Yorkshire, so Scissett has the only pit left in the county. Epa101 16:54, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Education
This page seems to need more information about education in this area. Is there a university? A population of this size probably should have one! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.138.172.201 (talk) 07:41, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

 * That would require to much detail to be included on this page. You will find the information located in the various article under Category:Education in Kirklees. Richard Harvey (talk) 11:53, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

Election results
The various election result details are not displaying the title detail correctly but the text overlaps itself and is unreadable. There is also an edit and a discuss link that appears to go to a template page that does not exist. This may be a general problem rather than something specific to this article. Any one any ideas? Keith D (talk) 22:39, 17 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Dunno they seem to be using Template:Electiontable. I don't have any overlapping text even I squash my window right up... maybe a browser issue. I was wondering about those edit and discuss links as well. Lozleader (talk) 23:07, 17 February 2009 (UTC)
 * This appears to be a discussion about some of the problems Lozleader (talk) 23:10, 17 February 2009 (UTC)
 * OK, I cahnged the 2007 results to plain old wikitable and it seems much clearer... Will I cahnge the rest? Lozleader (talk) 23:21, 17 February 2009 (UTC)
 * That looks better, I suggest that the rest be changed over as well. I had a look at the discussion on the template and it seems that the title problem was reported but no action taken. May be the template needs ditching altogether. Keith D (talk) 21:45, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

New Mayor
I think Kirklees' s new mayor is Cllr. Paul Kane

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Kirklees


text:
Talk:OSGB36

FYI OSGB36 is now supported by the WikiProject_Geographical_coordinates, so that lat/lon coordinates can provide a direct link to Ordnance Survey maps. See Heathrow for an example of usage. -- Egil 10:19, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:OSGB36


text:
User:Behdad

The full name Behdad (Persian: بهداد) prefers to be called by is Behdad Esfahbod (Persian: بهداد اسفهبد), though his legal (passport) name is much longer.

Behdad got his MSc from the department of computer science at the University of Toronto in 2006. He currently works at the Google Waterloo office. He previously worked for Red Hat.

Behdad is a Free Software developer. He has worked (and is working) on various different Free Software projects mainly related to Unicode and text rendering. His long-term goal since late last century has been to make Persian work great in computer software, in particular, in Free Software.

Stubs started

 * Cafe Wha?
 * FriBidi
 * FarsiTeX

title: User:Behdad


text:
Lee Hurst

Lee Hurst (born 16 October 1962) is an English comedian.

Hurst was a regular panellist on the comedy sports quiz They Think It's All Over from 1995 to 1997.

Career
Hurst took up comedy after being employed in a number of jobs after leaving school, including working for a building society, the Department of Health and Social Security, and as a telephone engineer for BT. He made his first appearance on stage at the Donmar Warehouse and later said that, at the time, "I only had four jokes and they were really crap but I told the first one and got a huge laugh. I couldn't believe it. I thought, 'This is all right'".

In February 2009 Hurst pleaded guilty to criminal damage after smashing an audience member's mobile phone at a comedy show in Guildford in September 2008. Hurst said that he did it out of anger, claiming that his shows regularly appear on websites such as YouTube.

They Think It's All Over
Hurst got a break when he became the warm-up act for Have I Got News for You and producer Harry Thompson gave him the opportunity to appear on the show as a guest.

Hurst first became known to television viewers as a regular team member on the BBC Two comedy sports quiz They Think It's All Over. Hurst was one of the show’s original panellists despite openly admitting to knowing nothing about football or comedy. He appeared alongside David Gower in 42 episodes over the first six series, from the first episode on 14 September 1995 until 1997.

He reduced his TV appearances to allow more time for running his comedy club, Lee Hurst's Backyard Comedy Club. He returned for two appearances as a guest on They Think It's All Over towards the end of its run for series 17 in 2004, and for the 2011 Comic Relief 24 Hour Panel People.

Other television credits
Hurst's other TV credits include presenting Shark Tank, Salvage Squad and The Warehouse, and guest appearances on That's Showbusiness, The Stand Up Show and Have I Got News for You. He has also appeared as a regular panellist on Don't Give Up Your Day Job. He also fronted ITV's short-lived revival of the entertainment show Saturday Live.

 * Have I Got News for You: two appearances in 1994 and 1995
 * 1996 Saturday Live: 6 episodes
 * 2002 Salvage Squad: series 1
 * The Wright Stuff: three runs, in March 2012, November 2014 and February 2015

Writing
Hurst was the creator of Bring Me the Head of Light Entertainment, which ran for five series on Five between 1997 and 2000.

Personal life
Hurst has a severe form of arthritis called ankylosing spondylitis, a condition which causes acute back and joint pain.

Hurst lives in Sittingbourne, Kent.

Politics
Hurst refuses to be interviewed by newspapers owned by Rupert Murdoch, was a critic of the Blair government, and in one interview, stated that he stopped attending a back support group which helped him with his ankylosing spondylitis after he found out that it was run as a charity, explaining that "I believe it should be provided by the State through taxation. I'd be very hypocritical if I used their facilities when I won't do medical charity benefits".

In 2003, he considered standing as a candidate in the 2004 London mayoral election. One of the factors behind his decision was a proposed redevelopment, which would have seen his comedy club demolished.

In March 2021, Hurst tweeted a sexual joke about climate activist Greta Thunberg, saying, "As soon as Greta discovers cock, she'll stop complaining about the single use plastic it's wrapped in". Thunberg was 18 years old at the time, and Hurst was 58. The tweet gained widespread criticism with fellow comedian David Baddiel among those criticising the joke. Hurst responded by describing his critics as "the usual suspects". The tweet was reported, leading to Hurst getting suspended from Twitter, which he stated he had appealed. Twitter later reversed Hurst's suspension. He was again suspended from Twitter in June 2021 for inciting violence; in the week that a video of Chris Whitty being manhandled went viral, he tweeted that "whatever happened to [him] is not enough".

Hurst opposes COVID vaccinations, lockdowns and mask wearing.

title: Lee Hurst


text:
Talk:Madras Bashai

Work to be done
Can someone properly add them to the list ?

Eg: "Thank God" the exams got over. Thank God corrosponds to Shebba or Yebba. kammanati — Preceding unsigned comment added by 111.93.9.170 (talk) 05:31, 21 January 2016 (UTC)
 * killadi- Deepan from cupertino.
 * dainx -  thanks
 * saari pa - sorry
 * paynjikinu- pouring.
 * pichua - button Knife — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.244.55.35 (talk) 08:43, 29 August 2016 (UTC)
 * koovikinu- keep shouting
 * gumm, gummeets - sooperu
 * gujili - hot figure, Ref: gilma
 * payinju - padhinaindhu - fifteen
 * scene - (Superlative)- nalla irukku- Really Cool (in English) eg: It's really cool that you got tickets for the concert!
 * Shebba/Yebba - A sound/expression Corrosponding to relief (Phew/Uff in English)
 * Kombu/Kokku [Literal Meaning in English- Horns/Stork] Eg: "Nee enna periya Komba?" {see paruppu}
 * Podang- 'Get Lost...' Eg: Podang...Nee ellam oru friend-aa??
 * Colour- Used in place of 'Cool Drinks'.
 * Gera - Feeling dizzy -as in "ore gera irrukku"
 * galeeju- A person who is dirty or who has dirty thinking" —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sureshec22 (talk • contribs) 09:15, 30 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Padips- Studious Nerd
 * Sappai/Sappa - same as sothai?
 * Quarter - Used Synonymously with Liquor. 1/4 of a full bottle
 * Sokhakerai-you are looking beautiffuck sex
 * theeni pandaaram- food addict. (theeni=food)
 * vetti-lazy
 * vetti scene-showing off so much(in vain)
 * gilli - a person who is a aficianado at something
 * dabaaichikinu - an intriguing word used to describe fooling someone
 * Escape - Literally, to escape being punished, or more particular to certain areas, being beaten up
 * Area - Most commonly used to denote a geographic sphere of influence, especially in street-fights
 * Cutting - Used to denote half a quarter bottle of alcohol. Also pupularly called 90-cutting, denoting the measurement in ml
 * Cutting Dialogue - used when somebody tells extremely romantic dialogues unnecessarily — Preceding unsigned comment added by Skandan07 (talk • contribs) 09:39, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Free aa vidu or Free - let it go (don't worry abt it) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.233.252.93 (talk) 02:00, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

here we go
some more phrases in madras bashai that just glossaries,

enna maamay eppadi keeray, naasta paniya, ennatha solrathu, enga koolukay kumbi adchukunukeeran appram thanay kolambukku

this conversation always happen between fighting motorists in madras roads

driver1: dei vootanday sollikinu vanthiya saavu kriakki. . . driver2: vada engay oyallay. . . night vootanday vaada d1: roattay parthu ottu da porambaokku d2: adi serupallay nayae, oinga voodu poi saera maatay pothikinu po (since d2 is equally verbally abusive as d1, d2 will retreat) d1: ennamo po oinga ootunu sonna enna paechu paesuray. . . engayachum adi pattu setha than therium (then traffic seperates both)

in sattasabai we can find more pure madras bashay as all allagais throng there and abuse mutually each other. by the way sattasabai is the general assembly for the goverment of tamilnadu. heres a sample,

assembly head: manbumigu urpinay pichaypandian paesalam. . . pichay: engal thanay thaleevar, thanga tamilan dayanidhi aasiudan, en urai aarmbikiraen. . . (then real madras bashai comes . . .) policekaran ravussu thanga mudillay. podhu janam allam policekaran vudura ravusullay aadi poi keeranga. enna nadakuthu entha aatchilay, alli rani athiyallay keethu (this guys party members show appreciation by tapping bench) now the oppostion party head veeralalitha will get angry and stand veeralalitha: manbumigu ethirkatchi uripinarku bathil alikka virumbukiraen. . . (madras baashai starts . . .) ethi katchi kaaranungo mathiri baemani pasangalukku epdiyapatta police than layakku. mavanay neenga pulli potta nanga kolam pottuduvom, kodu potta road pottu raadu aethuvom. ummalay gamnu kunthu ellangatti un buttiya odachu nasty akiduvaen

pichay gets angry and comes in front of veeralalitha and says

Saavugraaki!.
One of my friends Ishwar actually explained the meaning of the term saavugraaki. He says, it is actually saavukku + girakki. By calling one 'Saavugraaki', the person means to say, "irritation or annoying" Rather the association can be Saavu- Death Graki - Grahak- Customer. Something like "Mauth ka saudagar" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.1.116.69 (talk) 12:45, 30 November 2021 (UTC)

Kishore 10:20, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Neat-a-po?
The current explanation for "neat-a-po" says it comes from English "neat" and Tamil "po". Is this correct? I thought it may also come from Tamil "neet" (meaning "length"), as in "go along the length of this road". Does anyone know its etymology for sure? -- Brhaspati (talkcontribs) 03:35, 2005 Mar 11 (UTC)

Hey.. Yeah.. i strongly do feel that neat-a-po is derived from the tamil word 'Neetama' meaning long. it somehoe lost its meaning and endded up becoming straight instead of long. guess it comes from the association that long things are generally straight.

Ram

OK...!
Here some words come from Hindi true.

But if you see here, the meaning is entirely difference.

Dhool, Dil ....etc.

The sound may be look like Hindi..!

 * Yes, of course. But etymology doesn't always cover how a word in one language is absorbed in another language to mean something entirely different. For instance, "sarcophagus" and "carnivore" both literally mean "eater of flesh" (in Greek and Latin), however one of those words means something completely different in English (there's a long story behind it about Europeans who discovered half-decomposed Egyptian bodies in stone coffins). The words need not always have the same meaning. It's ok to list the origins without the history if we don't have the info available. -- Brhaspati (talkcontribs) 06:02, 2005 Mar 12 (UTC)

more words
Gujaals -- to enjoy...

Dubbu -- corruption of duddu or derived from telugu Dubbu /da-bu/(money)

Maams, maame, machan ,maapii, mapillai, maaps -- tamil equivalents of dude.

podaanga - literally means "go away" but used in a sarcastic manner, when you start arguing about something.

Kamnaati
The following text was added to the entry on Kamnaati. I have temporarily deleted it because it sounded like a joke and/or patent nonsense. Please discuss it here if you think it is correct and want to add it back. -- Brhaspati (talkcontribs) 00:43, 2005 Mar 16 (UTC)

(Begin quoted text)
 * When India was under the rule of English, villagers have watched English calling their children with fond "Come Naughty boy/girl", when the children were doing some mischief. Thus the word got coined as Kam-naati, which ended up to be a word to scold. This great reasearch was carried out by Dr. Bhargava when he was resting under a coconut tree.

(End quoted text) The above mentioned possible origin for the word can only be regarded as a joke and i hope the origin is the tamil word "kaimpendatti"

This word is derived from a pure tamil word called "KaimPen" or "KaimPendatti" meaning a widow. Its a feminine gender word and is not supposed to be used for the masculine gender. However, my guess is this word transfigured itself to 'Kamnati' to indicate a guy who is not with a wife or is scolded to lose his partner. Pretty derogatory, but most widely used.

The word's origin is actually 'Kaimpendatti', which means 'Widow'. It is an abusive word meaning fatherless. Originally it is 'Kaimpendatti Magane', which evolved as 'Kaimpendatti Paiya' for a guy and then 'kamminatti paiya' as the language evolved, finally to 'Kamminatti' and 'Kamnaati'.

Profanity in article
Some anon IPs have been adding and deleting terms of profanity in the article. Please arrive at a consensus. Do add profanity if it brings out some aspect of the polyglot nature of Madras bashai. Please don't add profanity just to be profane (refer Profanity). The aim of this page is not to build a "Chennai-street-fight-language to English" dictionary. Please don't delete profanity if your sole aim is to bowdlerize the article. (Refer Wp:wwin). -- Brhaspati (talkcontribs) 19:26, 2005 Mar 21 (UTC)

correction
as far as i know dubakkur is a liar. it is closer to gapsa than loosu.

we cant forget manorama
Vaa vaathyarey vootanda, nee varaang-gaatti naan vudamaatean!! Jaam-bajaar jaggu, nee saidappettai kokku!! (Jaam bajaar..)

Nainaa - ....

The whole song was in Madras_Bashai.

Can some one help by not only recalling the entire original lyrics - but also help in 'translating' it for the uninitiated?

Sariba, appaalla paaklaam!!

Siridharu

Words used in my days over there
how about words like

jaroora, bada like in bada somberi, bada shoku

are they still in use?

antharthala ...meaning in the sky

how about these words .. are they still in use ?

sumangatiyum, salpeta, koomutai, panaadai, pardesi, isa dabaikarthu, mal vetrathu, gumnu keta, ravula koral vidarthu..

Sumangatiyum and salpeta
Sumangatiyum - for no purpose whatso ever - Root is "Summa"

Salpeta is a form of alcoholic drink called "Sarayam"

Pannadai
Pannadai - is the fibrous structure formed in palm trees....... They were once used for filtering. As any other filter, it retains all the waste material and the good "paini" or "pathaneer" is filtered. Hence this term is used to denote a person who lets go all the good thing and retains the bad and unwanted things. For example there is an ancient tamil proverb that you should be like MURAM and not Salladai.. Muram retains the good things and lets go the waste while Salladai retains the waste and lets go the good things

Joke
Here is one joke I found on the net on madras tamil, we could use some words from this...

Micrsoft has released a Windows 2000 custom version for Tamil, starting with Chennai dialect. More custom versions for other regions to follow. This is a sample of the menus, tasks, and error messages found in it. My favourite is Zoom out.

Open = thora naina Close = moodikko Print Preview = paathu printadi View = looku vudu Cut = vetu – kuthu Paste = ottu Paste Special = nalla echcha thottu ottu File = failu Save = vechukko Save as = Aiye ipdi vechukko Save All = alaathium vechukkov Find = thedu Find Again = inoru thaba thedu Move = jaga vaangu Zoom = persa kaatu Zoom Out = velilavanthu persa kaatu|polanthu kaatu New = pucchu Old = palsu Replace = itha thooki athle podu athe thooki ithle podu Run = odu naina Execute= pottu thallu/kollu Tools = spanneru Toolsbar = spanner setu Exit = apeetu/odra dei Compress = amukipodu Scrollbar = inge angae aladathey Next = appaala Previous = munaagati Trash bin = kuppai thotti Drag & hold = nallaa isthu pudi Dou

 * this wikipedia talk page is for discussing about the article chennai bashai, and is not a joke page. so please remove or modify it. signed,103.130.91.93 (talk) 10:42, 31 May 2022 (UTC)

10 popular words
1) sokkuda : good looking 2) kaleej : ugly looking 3) oothikichu : gone down/failed 4) kalaasitaan da : he teased well/acted smart 5) allu ille : scared 6) kasmaalam : Faeces (derived from the Sanskrit Word 'Kashmal', meaning the same) 7) mannu : dirt 8) gaandu : angry 9) bemani : idiot 10)saarpu : A Smart/Bold Characteristic (derived from Sharp) 11)Domaru : Waste dog 12)Nashta : Breakfast 13) Somberi Kaidha  : Lazy ass  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 182.65.69.32 (talk) 11:07, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

Mohan

 * what about

jujupee matter/sappa matter - easy peesy? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 103.130.91.93 (talk) 11:04, 31 May 2022 (UTC)

Vocab section
What happened to the huge Madras Bashai lexicon?

Restore it I say.

Removing Vulgar words or adding another page that has all tamil bad words
This article depicts a form of Tamil language in detail, and that form called the "Madras Tamil" is also associated with humour, all types of audience will be interested in viewing it. In the vocabulary example and the usage part of the article there are words along with their meaning that are vulgar. This "one of a kind" article can be shared more and confidently included in chain mails, links and etc. only if these vulgar words are removed. For the completeness of this article, there can be another page created that contains the list of bad/vulgar words used in Tamil language. I need comments and POAs to resolve this issue.
 * I agree. We need to remove patently bad language/swear words. This article is punchy enough without such language. ɤіɡʍаɦɤʘʟʟ 23:12, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes. I think references to gentalia and sexual acts can be avoided.

This is not a "how to verbally abuse your auto driver" tutorial. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 203.101.52.212 (talk) 20:07, 11 January 2007 (UTC).

Yes. Certain words have to be removed from this article for sure. Example "Oora otha naai". It just deserve to be here in this article. May be as said, we can have a separate article for Bad words in tamil/Swear words in tamil. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.222.96.4 (talk) 16:09, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

Terrible transliteration!
The fact that all Tamil phrases in this article are transliterated in an ad-hoc fashion is sure to cause untold confusion to people who don't speak Tamil. I am going to work on rectifying this situation as soon as possible.

Intha article-il ellam Tamil-phrase-um ad-hoc basis-la transliterate-panni irukkunnala Tamil-pesadavargalukku romba confusion aidum. Intha situation-a speed-aa rectify-panna poren.--Siva 02:18, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

notability, OR etc
I've removed the long (and unmaintainable) list of words and phrases. This removes pretty much all the OR, since the grammar writeup originally was based from a quoted external link. Notability - see List of dialects of the English language, the list of "Lishes" at the end. For those who don't know, Madras Tamil, Tanglish and Madras Bashai are equivalent terms in this context. -- Brhaspati\talk/contribs 03:22, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
 * The sole so called reference quoted in this article was infact, a dead link to a source which anyway seemed non-notable and wouldnt have passed reliable source clause. Removed the link and tagged the article again.  And please dont point to other articles which are themselves OR or have may blue links in them which again are tagged for OR etc.,.  Sarvagnya 05:52, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Jilpa
The word "Jilpa" needs to be added. It means "Udhaar Vudradhu" (unnecessarily showing off without any substance) Can somebody do some research on its etymology?

Krish Ashok

The etymology of this word "Jilpa" can be traced back to "Thengai Srinivasan" and followed by "Chinni Jayant". Further more used by lyricists like "Gangai Amaran". I don't think the work can be narrowed down to "Udhaar Vudurathu" alone. Its colloquial. It can be used for anything in general. Like in the song.. "Ini jalsa pannunga da, gujaala jilpa kaatungada". It doesn't need any explanation. But requires a place in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.222.96.4 (talk) 16:04, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

Regarding Notability
I will not say that this article is not notable... Madras Tamil, is one of the dialect of Tamil... just like Srilankan Tamil. May be we can have a page like List of Tamil Language Dialects and add these two into it?

Regarding.. OR, Yes.. this page is full of OR.. a clean up is required. Please tell me your views,

I'll be removing the notability tag after 5 days of this message.

Mugunth 01:06, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Examples list
The list of examples has grown to such an extent that, this page becomes more like a Madras Tamil dictionary and less of an Encyclopedic article. An encyclopedic article should not contain list of examples, but should illustrate how a slang is gets changed. I prefer removing the complete list of examples from this article. What do u ppl have? Mugunth 17:05, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Well, yes, a separate comprehensive article covering all the Madras lingo will be nice. However, this article should be comprehensive and people shouldn't delete profanity and words which they are squeamish about. The whole idea of Wikipedia is to provide ALL known information on a topic and not to police the information because of its lack of aesthetic appeal. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.131.202.209 (talk) 08:05, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

|Notable=March 2007 removed
I fail to see why this article would not meet the criteria for notability. There are articles for varieties such as Yorkshire English, Verlan and Brummagem, which are probably spoken by less people. Furthermore, there are articles on other mixed systems like Russenorsk or Media Lengua, so I do not see why Madras Tamil should be less notable than those.

As a sidenote I would like to point out that one of the advantages of the internet and wikipedia is that people can contribute knowledge of local facts, in this case Chennai dwellers about Madras Tamil. We must not forget that publication of dialect surveys is mainly a Western developed world business. As a matter of fact, there is probably much less material on all Indian languages together than on all British dialects together. Should this mean that wp should continue to underrepresent non-Western languages and cultures? Certainly not. I would therefore suggest to interpret WP:NOR less strictly for topics dealing with local matters of developing countries where very often academic sources are scarce

Still, I agree that this article definitely needs further editing for quality Jasy jatere 11:13, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Dravidian civilizations
Wiki Raja 09:42, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Madras Tamil not spoken in Madras - Will confuse visitors
Madras Tamil has almost vanished from Madras/Chennai with large scale migration from other parts of Tamil nadu. Only a few words are used today. It is irrelevant today. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Shaan1616 (talk • contribs) 00:54, 21 December 2009 (UTC)

i agree--User talk:R.srinivaas 10:56, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

I completely agree. But be accurate in your words. Madras Tamil is not a language and its just a dialect spoken for few decades by few people, not all spoke it. It was neither used formally not widespread. It had only few additional words and differing little bit from standard tamil. Thats it. It was a not a language to be vanished!. And now, as you said, due to large immigration of people from other parts of tamilnadu and the formal tamil used by chennai corporation, these words went out of use. ''' Hence, the article should contain: --தமிழ்க்குரிசில் (talk) 07:22, 29 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Dialect Spoken only by few fisherman and immigrants, not all.
 * Not used in majority of films. But in some films.
 * Manorama, kamal haasan didnt spoke madras tamil, spoke it in a single tamil film.
 * Most words are not used even before, not popular. ONly some words mentioned were spoken before, and few are spoken till today.'''

Origin of "Bhasha"?
Bhasha has its root in Tamil as follows:

Bhasha from Pesu(speak) from  Easu(speak) from Osay (sound) from  "oos"(a type of sound). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Na Chozhan (talk • contribs) 07:42, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

Derivatives from other Dravidian languages and use of International transcription
(i) The word 'kuntu' is cemmozhi (Classical Tamil); please be careful when ascribing derivations from other Dravidian languages (ii) Please use the standard International transcription (i.e. no bhayam instead of payam, please)

Unsourced nonsense
An editor is challenging my removal of unsourced, patently false information about the etymology of Madras that was randomly added some time ago. Absent sourcing, it needs to be removed. Hölderlin2019 (talk) 18:55, 23 January 2020 (UTC)

I’m challenging both (1) the relevance of the etymology of Madras to an article on a dialect, and (2) the quality of the sourcing — the source, which isn’t academic, merely offers a hypothesis as to what it considers more likely. It’s certainly not stated as authoritatively correct in the source; moreover, the source is almost certainly superseded by the inscriptional evidence attesting the use of the name dating to the 13th century, as discussed in the main Madras article. I’m happy to take this to RSN if need be. Hölderlin2019 (talk) 21:53, 24 January 2020 (UTC)

Reference removed
Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have removed the reference of "urbantamil.com" from this page. Why? Because the site is offline. I will post an image soon. Cheers --  thetechie@enwiki  :  ~/talk/  $  02:21, 16 May 2024 (UTC)
 * DNS Resolver Error on Chrome.png
 * I removed the site because I got this error, which means that my computer couldn't find the site (aka the site doesn't exist anymore). Feel free to ping me with any questions.  thetechie@enwiki  :  ~/talk/  $  02:31, 16 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Madras Bashai


text:
Epsilon Boötis

Epsilon Boötis (ε Boötis, abbreviated Epsilon Boo, ε Boo), officially named Izar, is a binary star in the northern constellation of Boötes. The star system can be viewed with the unaided eye at night, but resolving the pair with a small telescope is challenging; an aperture of 76 mm or greater is required.

Nomenclature
ε Boötis (Latinised to Epsilon Boötis) is the star's Bayer designation.

It bore the traditional names Izar, Mirak and Mizar, and was named Pulcherrima by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve. Izar, and Mizar are from the إزار ʾizār and مئزر Mi'zar ('kilt like undergarment') and المراق al-maraqq' ('the loins'); Pulcherrima is Latin for 'loveliest'. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Izar for this star on 21 August 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.

In the catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, this star was designated Mintek al Aoua (منطقة العوّاء minṭáqa al awwa), which was translated into Latin as Cingulum Latratoris, meaning 'belt of barker'. In Chinese astronomy, 梗河 Gěng Hé ('Celestial Lance'), refers to an asterism consisting of Epsilon Boötis, Sigma Boötis and Rho Boötis. Consequently, the Chinese name for Epsilon Boötis itself is 梗河一 Gěng Hé yī ('the First Star of Celestial Lance').

Properties
Epsilon Boötis consists of a pair of stars with an angular separation of 2.852 ± 0.014 arcseconds at a position angle of 342.°9 ± 0.°3. The brighter component (A) has an apparent visual magnitude of 2.37, making it readily visible to the naked eye at night. The fainter component (B) is at magnitude 5.12, which by itself would also be visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements from the Hipparcos astrometry satellite put the system at a distance of about 203 ly from the Earth. This means the pair has a projected separation of 185 Astronomical Units, and they orbit each other with a period of at least 1,000 years.

The brighter member has a stellar classification of K0 II-III, which means it is a fairly late-stage star well into its stellar evolution, having already exhausted its supply of hydrogen fuel at the core. With more than four times the mass of the Sun, it has expanded to about 38 times the Sun's radius and is emitting 650 times the luminosity of the Sun. This energy is being radiated from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 4,755 K, giving it the orange hue of a K-type star.

The companion star has a classification of A2 V, so it is a main sequence star that is generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen at its core. This star is rotating rapidly, with a projected rotational velocity of $37.61$. It has a surface temperature of about $652.5$ and a radius nearly three times the Sun, leading to a bolometric luminosity 45 times that of the Sun.

By the time the smaller main sequence star reaches the current point of the primary in its evolution, the larger star will have lost much of its mass in a planetary nebula and will have evolved into a white dwarf. The pair will have essentially changed roles: the brighter star becoming the dim dwarf, while the lesser companion will shine as a giant star.

In culture
In 1973, the Scottish astronomer and science fiction writer Duncan Lunan claimed to have managed to interpret a message caught in the 1920s by two Norwegian physicists that, according to his theory, came from a 13,000 year old satellite polar orbiting the Earth known as the Black Knight and sent there by the inhabitants of a planet orbiting Epsilon Boötis. The story was even reported in Time magazine. Lunan later withdrew his Epsilon Boötis theory, presenting proofs against it and clarifying why he was brought to formulate it in the first place, but later revoked his withdrawal.

title: Epsilon Boötis


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Flag of South Africa/archive1

Flag of South Africa
This is pretty much a self-nom. I believe this article to be among the most comprehensive and well-versed articles we have on a nation's flag. This flag is particularly interesting as it is relatively new and there has been much political importance to the verge of a civil war attached to previous incarnations of South Africa's flag. It is also the most visible post-apartheid symbol of South Africa. Páll 10:24, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd like to see the section on respect for the flag reading less like a rule book. Even a little "Official regulations state that ..." would do. The rest of the article is very good, and certainly quite comprehensive, so given that mine is such a minor issue, I'm very nearly ready to throw in a support vote. - Vague | Rant 10:32, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * I now support. - Vague | Rant 11:15, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * The article does not seem to mention the symbolism of using the pan-african colours (black, green, yellow) and the frequent european flag colours (red, white, blue) in the same design. Morwen - Talk 11:47, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added a brief paragraph about this now. Morwen - Talk 11:53, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * For clarification, does this mean that you now support the article or not? Thank you! Páll 12:01, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes - support. Morwen - Talk 14:21, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Needs more history, but still, support. Everyking 19:51, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Nearly there. 1) The lead section makes no clear mention at all of historic flags and is only about the current one. The rest of the lead is quite vague as well: "a choice had to be made very last minute by a small committee" (last minute for what?) "has turned out to be an excellent national symbol" (seems POV). 2) There are two history sections. This is confusing. Merge them and subsection them. 3) Quotes should go to WikiQuote. Other than that, this looks fine. Jeronimo 21:13, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe I have addressed all your concerns! Páll 01:48, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I would like to see the order of the section in the history part reverted, though. Jeronimo 10:48, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Very well-crafted. Support. Mike H 01:55, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Ric Browde

Ric Browde is an American author, record producer, and songwriter. In the 1970s, Browde was working as a roadie, writing music for films, and was involved in the production of albums by guitarist Ted Nugent, first as his assistant and later on as producer. Browde worked on seven Nugent albums, including platinum awarded Double Live Gonzo, Scream Dream, and Intensities in 10 Cities, before starting his own production company in 1982 and producing W.A.S.P., and Victory.

Browde was involved in the emergence of the Los Angeles glam music scene in the 1980s. He produced and arranged Poison's multi-platinum debut album, Look What the Cat Dragged In. Browde followed by producing, arranging and co-writing Faster Pussycat's band co-writing and co-producing Joan Jett's return to commercial success with Up Your Alley in 1988. Browde later produced a series of commercially unsuccessful albums, including The Dogs D'Amour's Straight??!!, Finnish guitarist Andy McCoy, LA Glamsters, Jetboy, English girl group No Shame, Los Angeles bands Flies on Fire and Kill For Thrills, and the Italian band Armed Venus.

Browde recorded thirty-six albums that sold over twenty-seven million records earning eight platinum and eleven gold records.

After his record sales dwindled, Browde wrote a satirical and somewhat autobiographical novel, While I'm Dead...Feed the Dog in 1999. Translated into several languages, the book was also adapted into the 2012 film Behaving Badly. The film did not see release until 2014 and has been publicly disavowed by Browde who has lampooned the movie in his blog, "While I'm Dead...Feed the Dog...the Blog - the story behind the story behind the movie that has nothing to do with the story." He also took a job as a telephone psychic to write a book about the scam phone psychic business that defrauded millions of unwitting people across the United States of hundreds of million dollars. The book "Tale From the Psychic Hot Line" is still available on kindle

title: Ric Browde


text:
User:Vipul Agarwal

Vipul Agarwal born on 28th July, 1984 is currently studying in Second Year System Science and Automation at Indian Institude of Sciences, Bangalore. He has done his bachelors Degree in Computer Science and Engineering from MGIT, Hyderabad.

title: User:Vipul Agarwal


text:
Achairn Burn

Achairn Burn, known also as Haster Burn, is one of the major tributaries of Wick River, in Caithness, in the Highland area of Scotland. The burn's source is in headwaters flowing from the northern slope of the Hill of Toftgunn, which rises to over 170 metres, and in Camster Loch, which is at nearly 120 metres, between the Hill of Toftgunn and Ballharn Hill. The same area feeds also another major tributary of Wick River, the Camster/Rowans-Strath Burn. Achairn Burn enters Wick River at Mary Ford, about 10 kilometres to the northeast of the burn's source. Its entire course is within Caithness, as is the whole of the catchment basin of Wick River.

Between its source and Maryford the burn's course describes a sort of reversed S-shape, flowing generally north, then turning east and east/southeast before turning north again. On its banks the burn has Upper Achairn, Lower Achairn, Puldagon, and Haster. Between Upper Achairn and Lower Achairn the burn receives water from Allt Beag-airighe (Burn of the Small Shieling). In the Puldagon area it is bridged by a small, single-track road linking the A882 road, near the Bridge of Haster, with the A99 road in the Thrumster area. The Bridge of Haster carries the A882 itself, about 3 kilometres west of Wick and about one kilometre south of Maryford.

Grid references
Grid references are generally in order from source to Maryford:
 * Hill of Toftgunn:
 * Ballharn Hill:
 * Camster Loch:
 * Upper Achairn:
 * Allt Beag-airighe:
 * Lower Achairn:
 * Puldagon:
 * Haster:
 * Bridge of Haster:
 * Mary Ford:

title: Achairn Burn


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Christian liturgical year/to do

 * 1) Advertise — get participants.
 * 2) Establish a hierarchy for articles related to this project.
 * 3) Create the bare bones for the navigational template.


text:
Parvise

A parvis or parvise is the open space in front of and around a cathedral or church, especially when surrounded by either colonnades or porticoes, as at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. It is thus a church-specific type of forecourt, front yard or apron.

Etymology
The term derives via Old French from the Latin paradisus meaning "paradise". This in turn came via Ancient Greek from the Indo-European Aryan languages of ancient Iran, where it meant a walled enclosure or garden precinct with heavenly flowers planted by the Clercs (Clerics).

Parvis of St Paul's Cathedral
In London in the Middle Ages the Serjeants-at-law practised at the parvis of St Paul's Cathedral, where clients could seek their counsel. In the 14th century Geoffrey Chaucer referred to "A sergeant of the laws ware and wise/ That often hadde yben at the paruis...". Later, ecclesiastical courts developed at Doctors' Commons on the same site.

Late English use
In England the term was much later used to mean a room over the porch of a church. The architectural historians John Fleming, Hugh Honour and Nikolaus Pevsner, and the theologians Frank Cross and Elizabeth Livingstone all say this usage is wrong. The Oxford English Dictionary records this use as being "historical", and current in the middle of the 19th century. It may stem from an earlier misuse in F. Blomefield's book Norfolk, published in 1744.

title: Parvise


text: User talk:84.47.91.112

title: User talk:84.47.91.112


text:
P. H. McCarthy

Patrick Henry McCarthy (March 17, 1863 – July 1, 1933), generally known as P. H. McCarthy and sometimes, more jocularly, as "Pinhead", was an influential labor leader in San Francisco and the 29th Mayor of the City from 1910 to 1912. Born in County Limerick, Ireland, he apprenticed as a carpenter in Ireland before emigrating to the United States in 1880. He moved to San Francisco in 1886, where he rose through the ranks to become president of Carpenters Local 22, then President of the Building Trades Council in 1896. He was one the founder of the Japanese and Korean Exclusion League that 2 years later renamed into the Asiatic Exclusion League.

Leadership in the Building Trades Council
The San Francisco Building Trades Council was one of the most powerful local labor bodies within the American Federation of Labor at the time. It fought off the efforts of employers in San Francisco to impose the open shop on construction workers in the first decade of the twentieth century and was active in local politics. It also feuded with the San Francisco Labor Council, the body that claimed to represent all of organized labor in San Francisco. The BTC barred its members from belonging to the SFLC and often refused to support SFLC activities; it did not support the Teamsters and longshore workers in the City Front Federation strike of 1901, preferring to maintain its dominant position in the construction industry than join in a direct confrontation with the most powerful businesses of the region.

Within its own sphere the BTC was highly effective, coordinating the efforts of roughly fifty unions to police every construction worksite in the City to check that only union members were working there. The BTC was able to turn this control at the workplace level into better wages in the San Francisco construction industry than anywhere else in the country in the first decades of the twentieth century. The BTC was able to do this, moreover, without fighting the drawn-out battles that unions elsewhere had to wage simply to obtain recognition or preserve their rights: only two building trades strikes in San Francisco between 1901 and 1921 lasted more than a week.

The exception to that rule came in 1900, when the BTC unilaterally declared that its members would work only eight hours a day for $3 a day. When mill resisted, the BTC began organizing mill workers; the employers responded by locking out 8,000 employees throughout the Bay Area. The BTC, in return, established a union planing mill from which construction employers could obtain supplies – or face boycotts and sympathy strikes if they did not. That brought the mill owners to arbitration, where the union won the eight-hour day, a closed shop for all skilled workers, and an arbitration panel to resolve future disputes. In return, the union agreed to refuse to work with material produced by non-union planing mills or those that paid less than the Bay Area employers.

McCarthy ruled the BTC like an autocrat: he did not brook criticism, much less challenges to his authority, and he sometimes made decisions concerning local unions without consulting the parties involved. His high-handed style served him for many years, but created enough resentment within the BTC that eventually forced him to resign from its presidency in 1922, following the loss of a strike that allowed the open shop to return to San Francisco in 1921.

Career in politics
Labor unions had helped elect James D. Phelan, a Democrat, to several terms as Mayor of San Francisco. They were outraged, therefore, when Phelan sided with the employers in the City Front Federation Strike of 1901. Labor unions associated with the SFLC organized the Union Labor Party to challenge him. McCarthy and the BTC, characteristically, not only did not join in the campaign, but supported a rival candidate.

The ULP's candidate, Eugene E. Schmitz, won election in 1901. Schmitz' administration, however, was largely controlled by Abraham "Abe" Ruef, a political boss who made few efforts to conceal the depth of his corruption. Reform elements succeeded in bringing about Ruef's conviction and Schmitz' removal from office in 1907.

McCarthy was eager to fill this vacancy. While the criminal proceedings were still underway, and during the midst of a bitter strike by San Francisco streetcar workers, McCarthy ran on a platform of promising to halt the ongoing prosecutions. That put him in conflict with the SFLC, while undercutting his own reputation for honesty. McCarthy lost.

McCarthy ran again, this time successfully, in 1909. As Mayor he installed BTC officials throughout his administration, required City employees to become union members, and raised the minimum wage for city employees from $2 to $3 per day. He also required all city employees to be U.S. citizens, in line with the BTC's nativist leanings.

While McCarthy's administration was largely scandal-free, it suffered from a number of political failures, including the contentious effort to import water from the Hetch-Hetchy dam in Yosemite to San Francisco. Reform-minded businessmen chose James Rolph Jr., known as "Sunny Jim", to run against him. Rolph won and the ULP faded from the scene. McCarthy returned to the Republican Party, serving as a delegate to Republican National Convention in 1920.

title: P. H. McCarthy


text:
Haster

Haster is a small remote rural hamlet and district in Wick, in the Highland area of Scotland. It is located just west of the Bridge of Haster, which carries the A882 road linking the burghs of Wick and Thurso over the Achairn Burn to the main A9 road. It is about 2 + 1/2 miles west of Wick and about 5 + 1/2 miles east of Watten. An older village centre is about half a mile to the south.

Haster has two play parks and a football pitch, and there is a memorial fountain dedicated to General Lord Horne in the hamlet.

The ruins of St Cuthbert's Church is close to the hamlet. Thought to have measured 40 by, in 1726 it was described as the "Chapell of Haulster - the common people bury their dead about it".

title: Haster


text:
Association of Representatives of Old Pupils Societies

AROPS - The Schools’ Alumni Association was previously known as the Association of Representatives of Old Pupils Societies (AROPS).

The AROPS Vision and strategy was updated in 2019 and is detailed on its website https://arops.org.uk/homepage.

AROPS is a United Kingdom organisation whose objective is to provide a forum for the exchange of views and experiences between representatives of old pupils’ societies, as well as professional alumni teams, working in independent and state schools in the U.K. and overseas.

AROPS aims to help secure the long term future of member schools through the endeavours of their alumni. The association has recently begun to share thought leadership and opinion pieces on relevant national and party policies, and to explore the ways schools’ alumni might support their associated schools’ wider visions and missions.

History
The Association of Representatives of Old Boys' Societies was started by M.E.C. Comer of the Old Johnian Society at an inaugural meeting in December 1971. Its objectives were "to provide a forum for the exchange of views and experience between representatives of old boys’ societies". It was originally envisaged that only members of the Headmasters Conference would join.

In 1978 the title was altered to its present form to bring girls’ and co-ed schools into the fold. More recently societies from preparatory schools have joined. Today more than 260 schools are represented and membership is open to all schools providing secondary education.

Annual conference
Each May AROPS holds a whole day conference. Venues vary from year to year and are chosen with regard to geographical location and differing type of school—day boarding, co-educational or single-sex.

Each conference is divided into four sessions which aim to cover a wide range of topics that will be of assistance and interest to society representatives.

Annual general meeting
The AROPS annual general meeting (AGM) is held on a weekday evening in October at a school in the London area and is followed by a buffet supper.

Local networking meetings
A number of local networking meetings are held around the country during the course of the year enabling members to meet informally to discuss matters of concern.


text:
Talk:Ordinary Time

Liturgical year
Does anyone fancy working on WikiProject Christian liturgical year? Gareth Hughes 10:59, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * That Wikiproject appears to have been merged to WikiProject Holidays. Andrewa 11:14, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Has anyone got an example of an actual year where there is only 33 weeks of Ordinary Time (not including Christ the King)? 81.105.60.35 18:53, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

 * According to http://divinity.library.vanderbilt.edu/lectionary/CPentecost/index.htm, there's no Proper 4 (10) this year (2007); Is that because there are only 33 Sundays of Ordinary Time?  Andrewa 11:17, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Would it be necessary to create a page for each Sunday in ordinary time? --T.M.M. Dowd (talk) 19:57, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

Predominantly Catholic
Just chiming in here... is it me, or does this (and the article on the liturgical year, if not others) article seem to be incredibly Roman-Catholic-heavy? Can we balance this out with some terminology or facts from other Christian denominations? 216.164.160.153 (talk) 16:51, 30 May 2010 (UTC)

 * The article is extrememly Catholic, probably because the liturgical calender of Western Christianity is most heavily and strictly celebrated in the Catholic Church. I agree, however, since I know that Anglican parishes, as well as many Lutheran, Presbyterian, and Methodist parishes, also observe the liturgical calender and celebrate the different holy seasons. --Willthacheerleader18 (talk) 14:35, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, is OT ever used outside of the Roman Catholic Church? The Protestant denominations I'm familiar with celebrate separate seasons of Epiphany and Pentecost.   There is an unreferenced claim that Anglicans begin Ordinary Time after Candlemas, which indeed seems to have something to do with the numbering of propers, but I've never heard this called OT.  Btw, the lead should make it clear that OT has only existed since Advent of 1969, as |this article and this one do.  Sparafucil (talk) 22:57, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Feel free to add that to the opening of the article. --Willthacheerleader18 (talk) 03:53, 16 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, Anglicans, Lutherans, Methodists and many other Protestants observe it. I am Catholic, but my mother is Lutheran and during her service they say "such and such sunday during Ordinary time" as well as wearing Green vestiments (the color for ordinary time). I use to attend a United Methodist church with friends, and they also observed it and green vestiments were worn by their ministers during ordinary time, changing to red during Advent, purple for Lent, White for Penetecoast, etc. --Willthacheerleader18 (talk) 00:25, 15 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Link for Methodism & Ordinary Time: |UMC Ordinary Time & Other Holy Seasons. --Willthacheerleader18 (talk) 00:29, 15 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Link for Lutheranism & Ordinary Time (read under Numbering system for the time after Pentecost) |ELCA Revised Common Lectionary --Willthacheerleader18 (talk) 00:34, 15 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Link for Anglicanism & Ordinary Time |Anglican Communion & Holy Seasons-Lectionary --Willthacheerleader18 (talk) 00:38, 15 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Link for Presbyterianism & Ordinary Time | Presbyterian Church & Ordinary Time --Willthacheerleader18 (talk) 00:43, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

Dates
This is a complete and confusing mess, I cannot even make sense of it without bouncing back and forth between pages. ChrisGualtieri (talk) 20:59, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

original research
very useful article, but no references. eg the section Weeks in a year. The only references given simply describe the years. Does the author of this text really mean simply to say that "according to Fr Just SJ" a week is often dropped? --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 02:46, 25 February 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ordinary Time


text:
Talk:Calcium oxide

Acid treatment
I did notice that most people here seem to be more interested in the de-composition of bodies rather than the actual usage of "raw" lime. Calcium oxide is also widely used an acid remover in the treatment of exaust fume in various industries such as producing metals. Most alloys require fluxing and the main fluxing agents all contain fluorides, by injecting quick lime into the resulting exaust stream it neutralises the fluorides and makes the stream safe to expel to atmosphere.

Dangerous?
Can this stuff burn the skin?

The truth is, there is enough water evaporating from the palms of your hands at any given time (sweaty or not) to activate the chemicals in quicklime. Always wear personal protection equipment when handling chemicals, especially those in a concentrated form such as pure powder.

Quicklime itself will not burn the skin instantly upon contact, as it only reacts with water. So quicklime can be touched and handled with dry hands safely. As it reacts vigorously with water, contact with eyes, mouth, mucuous membranes in the nose or other parts of the respiratory system should be avoided, since the released heat of reaction causes burns and the formed calcium hydroxide can cause harm by its alkalinity. Never touch quicklime with wet hands, never put your hands into a vessel in with lime is slaked with water!Mirkano (talk) 12:35, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

this is not true iv gotten burned by handling dry lime and yes i was not sweating, its cuastic because of it high ph —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.65.3.30 (talk) 22:48, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Questions!
The article's picture shows a rock salt structure. Can someone confirm CaO is a mineral with the Face Centered Cubic Structure? 63.85.81.254 (talk) 19:40, 29 August 2013 (UTC)

In what item or substance is Calcium Oxide found?

What natural material is Calcium Oxide found?

Can CaO react with water to produce Ca+2 ion and H2O2? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.16.146.41 (talk) 14:46, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

(paste answers on this page) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.227.24.97 (talk) 16:51, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

According to these site, the boiling point and melting point in the previous versions are wrong. --Burn 11:00, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Separate Articles?
There should be separate articles for lime (mineral) and a redirects from quick lime, burnt lime unslaked lime with common applications, and Calcium Oxide, Magnesium Oxide with more Chemistry. Same goes for the hydroxides. Comments please PeterGrecian 14:25, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, can someone with a login please create those redirects? —DIV (128.250.80.15 (talk) 08:11, 7 December 2007 (UTC))

Reversible vs nonreversible
In the second paragraph, usage of the terms reversible and non-reversible is incorrect. The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate is a reversible reaction. The temperature of 900 °C is simply the point at which the partial pressure of the CO2 + CaO ⇋ CaCO 3 equilibrium exceeds atmospheric pressure. At room temperature, that equilibrium pressure is less than the partial pressure of CO2 in air, hence CaO absorbs CO2 from air at room temperature. A reaction is reversible if a change in conditions makes it go the opposite way. In this case, changing temerpature does that. I am making an edit to this paragraph based upon that. Karlhahn 20:46, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I got caught on this and think the confusion is from reversible reactions vs. reversible processes. Reading over it again the whole sentence seems off. I changed it to say that the reaction spontaneously reverses, which I think is more accurate. --ClimberTom (talk) 14:20, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

Corpse disposal
I gotta admit, I came here hoping to find information on the use of lime used without sand and gravel as fillers and strengthening agents, seriously though, I have been greatly humored by the post in here about corpse disposal. Honestly, if your hear to figure out how to deal with a corpse, this is not the first time I have heard people say this sort of thing about lime getting it confused with, no lie, I mean lye, lye not lime is the chemical your looking for. There is a process involved though, you can't just put lye on a corpse and poof corpse be gone.

If you don't all this know this already, you should probably leave this sort of subject matter to the pros. I wouldn't want you writing a book and getting some murder minded individual into trouble when it cam time to hide evidence. Fret not though, quicklime can be used that way, but will preserve a body. I hear it's great for burying one, many a foundation has been used to hide evidence. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Concrete thought. (talk • contribs) 00:48, 31 March 2017 (UTC)

My knowledge of this stuff is from popular media and goes no further than hearing about murderers using it to get rid of bodies. I notice someone has added this widely-quoted feature in the article. However, it looks very out of place where it is. Would a chemist care to move/expand/debunk/clean-up that particular statement? --bodnotbod 19:34, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree that it has no place in a chemistry article. I'm going to remove it.  66.215.44.176 05:24, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

 * That info should still be somewhere, because the uses of slaked lime are one of the reasons ignoramuses like me look it up in the first place. I'll read about it in an old newspaper, novel, war story, and want to find out more. (I actually came here while looking for somewhere to link lime-burning from Fumifugium, Lindisfarne, etc). So although the chemistry sections are extremely important, this article can't be only a chemistry article – unless there's a separate article on slaked lime (which I'd deprecate) for the social, historical, economic, etc, contexts. Comments? JackyR 20:41, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I too came here after reading about a murder. How exactly does quicklime dispose of bodies? Bastie 10:01, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't think it does: it's just not caustic enough. Cement dust contains a goodly proportion of calcium oxide, and though its bad for the skin and eyes, we don't often hear of builders' flesh dissolving. I would think quicklime would actiually help preserve a body.  It seems to me that it would suck water out of the body, then slowly absorb carbon dioxide from the air to a crust of calcium carbonate. Perhaps the idea was to stop the smell of decay from giving away the location of the body, and became confused in popular mythology with actual disposal.   Malcolm Farmer 10:13, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Followup: I had a vague memory and some googling turned this up, which rather supports my "pickling rather than dissolving" theory: : http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52005XC0309(02):EN:HTML where we find: Subsequently, the Benedictine Olivetan monks were responsible for rationalising olive growing practices and were the first to pickle olives by using "lye", an alkaline liquid obtained by dissolving one part of quicklime to 4-5 parts of wood ash in water

One form of lime was certainly added to mass graves during WWII, and during WWI it was shovelled over blast areas after the larger chunks of flesh had been removed (but why?). However, I have also heard of a 1940s London murder where someone used the "wrong form of lime" to attempt to conceal a body, and did indeed preserve it. Expert advice required! JackyR | Talk 13:33, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Possibly wandering off into original research, but a little googling finds:

 * for the 1940s murder we have Harry Dobkin: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWdobkin.htm

 * A more famous murder: http://www.familytrail.com/crippen/DrCrippen2.html  The remains had not rotted away because they were sprinkled with slaked lime, a chemical which preserves flesh. Apparently the killer had intended to douse the remains with quicklime, which destroys flesh, but he had carelessly applied the wrong chemical.

 * And: http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7285

 * And: http://www.forteantimes.com/articles/159_saintspreserved.shtml ...and how the bodies of St Paschal Baylon, St Francis Xavier and St John of the Cross all remained fresh and intact despite being covered in sacks of quicklime for months.

And more. I see a trend here. Quicklime's reputation for destroying bodies seems considerably overrated, and not borne out by experience, even allowing for the selection bias of detected murders. Since quicklime will quickly turn into slaked lime by absorbing water from the corpse (or the damp soil of the grave), I don't believe the excuse that the murderers used the wrong kind of lime. Partial dehydration (from water being absorbed) + high alkalinity = a pickled corpse. At least the smell is kept down, a useful feature for clandestine or bulk body disposal. Malcolm Farmer 10:31, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

 * As you say, a trend. Wot we need is a forensics expert/book for the unsimplified version.

 * Btw, the causticity of cement can indeed be a problem for builders. Afraid this is from TV again, but the colleagues of a man who was rescued from a trench full of concrete described irrigating his face and eyes while waiting for the emergency services, due to their concern about the causticity of the concrete. Skin, of course, replaces itself and acquires horny outer layers where necessary, so minor everyday contact for short periods of time witha live body would have a different effect from months of exposure by a dead one.

 * But like I say, forensics info needed. JackyR | Talk 11:27, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

 * And here's one I prepared earlier. A workshop in forensic medicine for police, nurses, lawyers, etc: "In one case an amnesty applicant mentioned the use of lime to bury the body. This was used to accelerate decomposition and to take away the odour. " JackyR | Talk 11:45, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

ANSWER
It doesn't destroy bodies, it dessicates them to greatly slow decomposition. The advantage? Eliminate the odor. For mass graves, this makes the surrounding area livable for survivors. For murderers, it is a gambit to avoid discovery of the body. 198.49.180.40 22:16, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

´Makes the surrounding area liveable for survivors´? Give me a break. Mass graves - even official ones - are not in the middle of residential areas! There are still issues like ethics and respect for graves. So usually, there is a godly distance to the next habitation. The issue is only partially the stink. If the bodies are left to rot naturally,they will not only stink, but attract animals to dig them up, serve as a breeding ground for flies and maggots and leak decomposition fluids into the ground water. Critically, the decomposing bodies will act as a breeding ground for bacteria/microorganisms causing diseases or releasing pathogenic compounds. As the pathogens would be spread by the flies, scavenging animals or ground water - or other vectors, this is the true danger of mass graves. Quicklime and slaked lime both act as biocides, preventing/reducing the growth of maggots and pathogenic microorganisms. The bodies will still decompose, but in a slower, less dangerous fashion. Mirkano (talk) 13:31, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

On a separate but not unrelated note, the article mentions quicklime being used to reveal fingerprints? I tried to find this information elsewhere on the internet and it's always verbatim, like it started out on one site and has just been copied and pasted all over the place. There is no in-article citation. Can anyone say where this came from? It really doesn't sound right to me and I'd like to remove it if it isn't really true.71.63.15.156 (talk) 19:28, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

 * WP ought to have a Lime and corpses article to explain all of this. Drutt (talk) 02:58, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

No need for that and in direct contradiction of the first false "answer":

 * So, there will be no mention of these various uses (and misunderstandings) of this popular and widely available chemical, because, why exactly? My goodness, because you don't like it, and it's incorrect. Well, heavens to murgatroid, we shouldn't go about mentioning what people misunderstand (and is widely used, I just watched the 2015 movie "Cop Car" and came here to look up the obvious bag of QuickLime that the murderer used), and introduce things like correct information. Better to keep all of this safely in the Talk page of an article. Yeah, that is about where it belongs. Jeffmcneill (talk) 12:45, 16 August 2015 (UTC))

"The floors of the car had been covered with a thick, white powder. It was quicklime. Quicklime is simply unslaked lime or calcium oxide that has been dehydrated. Anyone who has seen cement being mixed knows what occurs when water is poured on lime. The mixture bubbles and steams as the powder combines with the water, generating a large amount of heat.

"Here the lime served a double purpose in the Nazi economy of brutality. The moist flesh coming in contact with the lime is rapidly dehydrated and burned. The occupants of the cars would be literally burned to death before long, the flesh eaten from their bones. Thus, the Jews would 'die in agony', fulfilling the promise Himmler had issued 'in accord with the will of the Fuehrer' in Warsaw, in 1942. Secondly, the lime would prevent decomposing bodies from spreading disease. It was efficient and inexpensive - a perfectly chosen agent for their purposes."

--- From expert Holocaust eyewitness Jan Karski's book "Story of a Secret State", copied from http://www.shalom-shalom-jerusalem.org/jankarski.html 213.222.131.222 (talk) 12:10, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

Dr. Bill Bass (Founder of the Forensic Anthropology Research Center attached to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville) states in his book The Body Farm "Mixed with the reddish-brown clay was a white, powdery material, which Carrol had told Knudsen was lime, dumped over Monty Hudson's body in a misguided effort to speed it's decomposition. (That seems to be a common misconception among murderers. Lime does reduce the odor of decomposition, but it also reduces the rate of decomposition. As a result, a lime-covered body may be less likely to get sniffed out, but it's more likely to linger.)" (not my emphasis.) I would trust his professional expertise, considering he is a renowned forensic anthropologist. You might want to check his Wiki Page, as well, under William B. Bass. Also, to quote the cited Wiki page on Slaked, or Hydrated Lime; "Calcium hydroxide is known to have a strong anti-microbial effect and is a bone-regeneration stimulant.[2]" Though, it can burn or blister skin, since both forms of Lime (this page and Hydrated Lime,) are caustic alkaline chemicals. But as far as forensics is concerned, it works on a corpse as an anti-microbial. Hopefully this clears up some confusion. Munin and hugin (talk) 09:03, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

While everyone is using popular media as a source, I would point out that a white, powdery substance which was probably not cocaine was sprinkled on the corps of Amadeus Motzart at the end of the 1982 film Amadeus. Does anyone have an earlier use of lime documented in popular media? It seems we are unable to exchange information on this substance as it may be useful to murderers, but that may be a bit over-cautious.71.191.247.254 (talk) 22:05, 16 August 2011 (UTC)

Just a note on chemistry and decomposition, I'm sure that the effect of quicklime on dead animal material varies depending on the environmental conditions around lime and corpse. One of the hazards of handling quicklime, and why burned lime is usually slaked unless quicklime is specifically needed, is that the process of slaking quicklime is highly exothermic. So I do not doubt reports of quicklime in mass graves in an environment where rain is going to soak down through the dirt to the pile of quicklime and corpses. Heat and moisture speed decomposition, and the right insulating-value dirt or debris on top would tend to hold in the heat. In a dry environment, I don't doubt that quicklime would slow decomposition by dessicating the corpse--in effect, you should get a somewhat chemical-burned, somewhat mummified corpse if you do this in an arid or semi-arid place OR if whatever you pile on top of the mass grave is insufficiently permeable to water. Enough water over permeable soil cover = trapped heat, fast decomposition. Not enough water = dessicated body. No soil cover to trap the heat, you'd just get rapidly slaked lime and lime-water, which could retard decomposition. So it's not an either-or issue. The function of quicklime in a mass grave (or other bio-degradable organic pit) is to generate and sustain heat over time. Anything about the pit design, contents, or environmental conditions that chemically interferes with that will produce unintended results. It is probably enough to say, "Fictional or historical accounts of quicklime in pits to affect the rate of decomposition of organic matter rely on complex interactions of heat and water and are highly dependent on the specific construction and environmental conditions of the pit and contents." That answers the question, roughly, without exactly providing detailed how-to for serial killers or other murder-minded individuals. It's a polite and chemically accurate version of, "It all depends." -- I'm relying on my own knowledge of chemistry, so you might call this "original research," or you might call it common sense--decomposition is biochemical, and any ONE thing isn't going to have a "magic bullet" effect in the absence of control of other factors. I guess what I'm really suggesting here is phraseology for the obvious (to anyone who remembers high school chemistry and high school biology at all) "it all depends." Okay, that's long, but it's my suggestion. Bluewillow991967 (talk) 20:43, 13 November 2013 (UTC)Bluewillow991967

 * But historically, there was a perception, however misguided, that quicklime was efficacious in the acceleration of the decomposition of dead flesh. That delusion is well-known and frequently referenced in, for example, Gothic horror and early detective fiction. That misunderstanding still attaches to quicklime, and ought to be referenced in this article. It is not at present; therefore I will put it right forthwith.
 * Nuttyskin (talk) 16:14, 28 May 2019 (UTC)

Sarcophagi
I just realized the connection between quicklime and the sarcophagus, which was once typically made of limestone. Sarcophagus means 'flesh eater', because supposedly, limestone coffins were known to expedite the decomposition process. Hopefully I'm not making connections when nothing is really there.

 * See above. The point isn't accelerating decomposition, indeed, it's retarding it. Consider: Mummification is about preservation, not composting. 198.49.180.40 22:21, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Yeah - and what is the connection between limestone (calcium carbonate) and quicklime (calcium oxide), duh? Completely different chemical compounds. Limestone is inert. Does not react with flesh, blood or other body fluids - except stomach acid. That limestone eats flesh is a superstition. Mirkano (talk) 13:53, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Is Calcuim oxide poisonous?
I have heard from a couple of sources but I'm not certian that it's poisonous. I just wanted to know because if it is I'm getting it out of my house and away from kids. Douglas Bradford Oliver 23:53, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

No, calcium oxide is not poisonous. Exposed to air, it will quickly convert to calcium hydroxide and over time to calcium carbonate. Calcium hydroxide is in every cement, concrete, render, most plasters, some paints, as well as being used in fertilizers and in drinking water treatment, rest assured, that you cannot avoid exposure to it. Mirkano (talk) 13:36, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

yes it is, if you swallow it you will die that a poisin —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.65.3.30 (talk) 22:47, 20 December 2009 (UTC)
 * By that logic lava is a poison.

Merge?
Should this article be merged with Lime (mineral)? Seems to cover the same thing - differences being one is a single compound (CaO), while the other may refer to a collection of compounds. I came here from the coconut page, where it says that burning the leaves or something can result in lime - I don't know what kind of lime, is there a purely organic type from plants? WLU 18:11, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Having just looked at "Lime (mineral)", I think that it should be deleted altogether. Most of what's there is based on incorrect understanding of the term: lime in its strict sense means exclusively calcium oxide. Any vagueness of interpretation should be consigned to the "Lime: disambiguation" page. LinguisticDemographer 22:58, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that Lime (mineral) needs a lot of work. —DIV (128.250.80.15 (talk) 08:10, 7 December 2007 (UTC))

Just wanted to add that it is actually used in cooking process of some kinds of fruit desserts in south Albania and maybe Greece too. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.55.218.203 (talk) 03:33, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

Modern POV
I added a bit on current output to show that the Lime industry, although ancient, is also modern. Lime always has been, and continues to be, made in Lime kilns. The latter article does not reflect this, and I propose to re-write it. LinguisticDemographer 23:06, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

Joules/Kilogram in a BTU/lb
It's trivial to convert Joules/Kilogram into Watts for a rate of reactant, because a Watt is one Joule per second, exactly, by definition. It's an imperial pain in the anus to do it from British Thermal Units or Calories, because that takes a factor other than one. As a bonus, since most of the world is metric, you'll find a more accurate heat of reaction by the law of averajez. 216.234.170.109 10:40, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Serious no chemist anywhere uses BTU/lb. That number should be expressed in KJ/mol. This should be changed. 128.253.229.12 18:13, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

 * As a non-chemist, I second that. Please can someone introduce SI units into this article? DuncanHill 23:17, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

portable heat source
There is a passing mention about lime used as a portable heat source, but no acutal examples given... -- Cimon Avaro; on a pogostick. 20:07, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

 * One used to be able to get "self-heating" cans of food. These had an outer skin containing quicklime and a sealed pouch of water, and an inner can with the food. To use, a tool (provided with the can) punctured the pouch of water, and the heat from the slaking of the quicklime heated up the food in the inner can. DuncanHill 23:19, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

 * And we already have an article - Self-heating can. DuncanHill 23:20, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

Also, I think the writer meant MJ not GJ when he discusses the heat evolved from the reaction of 3.1 kg of CaO with water 65.96.204.151 (talk) 16:19, 1 April 2008 (UTC) why is calcium oxde used on fields????? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.160.75.129 (talk) 09:35, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

calcium oxide
the calcium oxide can be use as a preservative? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.1.23.210 (talk) 06:30, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

Native lime
"The name lime (native lime) refers to a very rare mineral of the CaO composition." Any one understand what that is about ? -- Beardo (talk) 20:07, 13 July 2009 (UTC)
 * After seeing it noted on the calcium hydroxide page that mineral forms of that (portlandite) are rare, I suspect that's what the line is referring to. It's either in the wrong article or makes no sense, so I took it out.  KarlM (talk) 07:43, 26 December 2009 (UTC)

CaO when exposed to air goes to Ca(OH)2 then CaCO3
As noted above, when Calcium Oxide is exposed to air the first thing it does is convert to Calcium Hydroxide. The article indicates that it “immediately” takes on Carbon Dioxide, while technically this may be true, it more immediately takes on humidity from the air and converts to Calcium Hydroxide and then converts to Calcium Carbonate. While this may seem like a nit, I think it is worth discussing more in detail. I produced some Calcium Oxide by heating sea shells to 1100 C, then let the resulting Calcium Oxide sit exposed to air with a relative humidity of 75%. Within a week the volume seemingly doubled, but what did I have? Calcium Hydroxide, or Calcium Carbonate? So I ran an experiment and put 5g of Calcium Oxide on a scale, within 3 days I had exactly 6.6g of power which directly corresponds to the weight of Calcium Hydroxide, not Calcium Carbonate; which would be 8.9g. After the 3 days, the on take of weight seemingly stopped indicating that the absorption of Carbon Dioxide is much slower than the reaction of Calcium Oxide with humidity. Now the interesting question to ask is… Can Calcium Oxide take on Carbon Dioxide in the absence of water/humidity; that is, must it first convert to Calcium Hydroxide before it can take on Carbon Dioxide? If you look at Soda Lime as a Carbon Dioxide Scrubber, it is the Calcium Hydroxide that takes on the Carbon Dioxide (from the Sodium Bicarbonate / Sodium Hydroxide catalyst). If you look at the Calcium Hydroxide page, it implies that Carbon Dioxide is taken on when mixed in water (milk of lime). I am not knowledgeable in these areas, and am therefore looking to those who are for more detail. BTW: Overall, I think these are great articles. KeithRV (talk) 19:56, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

 * It would be great if you did some research and came up with some published sources that explain this in detail. Note that Wikipedia does not allow original research in articles.—Tetracube (talk) 20:05, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

"Usage" clarification
Should the uses of hydrated lime be mentioned in this article? The second paragraph begins "It is also used..." suggesting that both the first and second paragraphs discuss the usage of hydrated lime, not quick lime. As a student of this subject I am confused here. Perhaps someone who is knowledgeable could edit the usage section so that it clearly tells what quick lime is used for as compared/contrasted to what hydrated lime is used for. Travis28 (talk) 23:39, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

Lime in Building
The article states "There is archeological evidence that Pre-Pottery Neolithic B humans used limestone-based plaster for flooring and other uses" Lime mortar of course was used almost exclusively for masonry work until the early twentieth century, and still has advatages over cement mortar. However it was also used extensively for screeded floors, as "limeash" until the introduction of cheap tongue and grooved timber boarding. Rushes would be laid over the timber joists and the limeash applied over as a screed. ref: Wright. A., (1999) "Care and Repair of Old Floors,"Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. Chevin (talk)

Solubility
I find it highly dubious that this compound is soluble in water, 'reactive with water', yes, but not soluble. Someone needs to check this entry in the chembox. Plasmic Physics (talk) 13:01, 13 May 2013 (UTC)

NFPA Diamond
What is the source for the NFPA diamond? Cfr. http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/311 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ossido (talk • contribs) 01:30, 11 April 2014 (UTC) Also https://ww2.valdosta.edu/~tauyeno/chemicals/Calcium%20oxide.pdf http://www.lhoist.us/pdf/Quicklime042908.pdf http://www.lhoist.us/pdf/lna_msds_quicklime.pdf seem to give all different ratings. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ossido (talk • contribs) 01:38, 11 April 2014 (UTC)

Color problem with image of atomic structure
There's a problem with the image. In the limestone article, the calcium atoms are colored green. Here, they are colored white. White is generally reserved for hydrogen. Br77rino (talk) 01:44, 19 June 2014 (UTC)

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inorganic carbonate?
"...inorganic materials, in which carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, and iron predominate..."

Chemistry is not my strong suit, but aren't all carbonates by definition organic? - Sum mer PhD v2.0 03:49, 31 March 2018 (UTC)
 * @SummerPhDv2.0 Sorry for this late reply, what about CaCO3, BaCO3, are they organic? -Lemonaka  20:53, 15 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Calcium oxide