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Naum Faiq

Naum Elias Yaqub Palakh (February 1868 – February 5, 1930), better known as Naum Faiq (, Naˁum Fayëq), was an Assyrian poet, journalist, and teacher, remembered as one of the founding fathers of modern Assyrian nationalism during the early 20th century. He was a teacher and writer throughout his life. As a Syriac Orthodox Christian, he emphasized the importance of unity among Syriac Christians and encouraged his community to depart from "tribal mentality".

Early life
He was born in Diyâr-ı Bekr (present-day Diyarbakır) in the Ottoman Empire and began his education there at the age of seven. After primary school, he attended the local high school that had been established by local "Brotherhood of Ancient Syrians". He spent 8 years at the school, where education was jointly in classical Syriac, Ottoman Turkish and Arabic. Naum also went on to learn several other languages, including Persian and basic French. After his parents died, he first lived with his older brother Thomas and then started teaching in a village near Diyarbakır in 1888. He also taught in Urfa, Adıyaman and Homs before returning to Diyarbakır.

Literary works
Naum wrote numerous books concerning the Syriac language and people. After the 1908 Young Turk Revolution and the proclamation of the second Ottoman constitution, restrictions on freedom of speech were lifted. In 1910, Naum began publishing a newspaper for the Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant Syriac communities, entitled Kawkab Madnho ("Star of the East"). While written entirely in the Syriac alphabet, Star of the East was actually tri-lingual with articles in Ottoman Turkish, classical Syriac and Arabic. This newspaper, along with that of Ashur Yousif, signaled the emergence of Assyrian nationalism in the Syriac Christian communities of the Ottoman Empire.

After the Ottoman Empire and Italy began to fight over the province of Libya in 1911, Naum like other Christians in the region felt a backlash from the Muslim community and in 1912, he fled to United States, where he began to write for the newspaper Intibah ܐܢܬܒܗ (Cirutho ܥܝܪܘܬܐ, in English: Awakening), published by Gabriel Boyaji from 1909-1915. He went on to establish various Assyrian newspapers including Beth-Nahrin in 1916 and became the head of the editorialship of Huyodo, a magazine that is still published today under the same name in by the Assyrian Federation in Sweden.

Death
The death of his wife in 1927 affected Naum very much. He died in New Jersey in 1930 due to lung disease. "Naum Faiq" day is celebrated yearly on February 5. Ceremonies are usually held in Syria, United States, and in various European nations.

Awake, son of Assyria
His most famous poem is titled "Awake, son of Assyria, awake!" (ܐܬܬܥܝܪ ܒܪ ܐܬܘܪ ܐܬܬܥܝܪ).

 * Awake, son of Assyria,
 * Awake and see the world how enlightened.
 * The chance is fleeing from us
 * And time is running out
 * Awake son of Assyria, Awake!
 * In vengeance you will take refuge.
 * Rise up and band together to strengthen.
 * And if one does not awake we have lost our chance
 * Without a purpose, misfortune will befall our land.

Homeland

 * Did our hearts become of stone
 * Did our hearts become of iron
 * Or did our eyes become blind
 * Let our red blood flow
 * Let our silent hearts whine
 * Let the Assyrian youth always say
 * Oh, are there still any catastrophes which we haven't gone through yet
 * From the moment that we came to this world
 * From the womb till our grave we cannot keep our homeland out of our minds
 * The only thing I desire from the Lord
 * Is that He will not take away my soul until I have seen you...homeland.

title: Naum Faiq


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Plays Metallica by Four Cellos

Plays Metallica by Four Cellos is the debut album by Finnish metal band Apocalyptica, released in 1996. It features eight instrumental Metallica covers arranged and played on cellos.

The band was invited to record this album by a label employee after a 1995 show in which they performed some of the songs. The members were initially unsure and thought nobody would listen to such a record, but the employee insisted and they recorded it. On 22 July 2016, a remastered version of the album was released with new bonus tracks. In 2017 to 2019, the band returned as a cello quartet for the first time since 2009 to perform all of the Metallica tracks they have covered at the time to celebrate their 20th anniversary of the debut album and in late 2018, a live recording of the tour was released in CD, vinyl, and a DVD with live footage entitled Plays Metallica by Four Cellos - A Live Performance. A follow-up album entitled Plays Metallica, Vol. 2, was released on June 7, 2024.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Plays Metallica by Four Cellos


text:
Talk:Amhara people

The current conflict
Where is the current conflict covered? https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66496137 Hcobb (talk) 17:43, 14 September 2023 (UTC)

 * In the War on Amhara page ሰይፍ (talk) 00:18, 29 October 2023 (UTC)

Misinformation
The page of the Amhara people is constantly being violated by specific agenda of a user, Socialwave597. He used to had an Arabic user name and now he changed it to English. He deleted various informations from the page - Including Amhara relationships to the Aksum empire. And he is editing stuff based on his own agenda. Nobody is stopping him. He writing stuff which don’t even mentioned in the source, and deleted other information from other sources which doesn’t soothe his narrative. For example he wrote that it is “believe that the Christianisation of Amharas begin in the Late Aksum empire period”. Believed by who? And that is just a single example. How come no one is stoping him and letting him do as he wish? 2A00:A041:E19A:2600:DDE7:776D:809B:6138 (talk) 21:00, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

 * The source is referring to the Christianization of Amhara Province (South Wollo), where the Amhara expanded out of. The source is the first volume of Encyclopaedia Aethiopica and is accessible in virtually every major university institution. Socialwave597 (talk) 04:58, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

Christianization part
Hello, @Socialwave597. Taddesse Tamart was talking about the Agaw in Wag and Lasta. Here is what he wrote about Amhara; “Amhara troops of Tigre ancestry” meaning that according to Taddesse Tamart (which he himself mentioned) Amhara originated from Axum (what is now Tigray/Tigre). This disproves your claim. Please read carefully his works. Javext (talk) 11:53, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

 * @Javext Where does he say that? He actually says that the Christianization of Amhara took place during the ninth century (late Aksumite period), "According to the Life of Tekle Haymanot (c. 1215-1313) the advent of his ancestors to Amhara and Shewa is connected with Digna-Jan’s programme of evangelization of his southern provinces. [...] This brings Digna-Jan to the first half of the ninth century." (page 68-69). The modern Amhara are a mixture of various peoples (similar to the Oromo), whose ethnogenesis took shape during the post-Aksumite era, its possible that some Amhara are of "Tigrayan" or Aksumite ancestry due to assimilation, but not the group as a whole. Socialwave597 (talk) 17:25, 11 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Firstly, in what page does he state this exact claim?
 * Secondly on page 72 Taddesse Tamart clearly wrote “and his Amhara troops of Tigre ancestry”. The term Tigre in this context is in reference to the area in specific Aksum. In addition I have reviewed the source you sent. The pages 68-69 have nothing written about “Amhara becoming Christians in the 9th century”. The only thing he mentioned was the fact that the ancestors of Saint Tekle Haymanot migrated to the province of Amhara/Bete Amhara during the reign of Digna Jan. Furthermore a well reliable source, Professor Mordechai Abir of the Hebrew university of Jerusalem clearly shows that Amhara became Christians in the 4th century.
 * This can be proven with other sources such as: The Encyclopedia of African Peoples, Pg 29 The Diagram Group which state “After Syrians convened Ezana. King of Axum 320-55, to Christianity, the Amhara gradually adopted the religion too. The spread of Islam in surrounding areas from the seventh century resulted in the isolation of the Amhara…”;
 * Ethiopian Review vol 4 1994 state, “During the following 800 years, the Amharas never forgot their original home, Aksum. Their emperors considered their dynasty as the continuation of the Solomonic Dynasty. They returned often to Aksum to be coronated in accordance with the tradition of their ancestors, the …”;
 * Ethiopia: the land, it's people, History and Culture Yohannes Mekonnen, Page 250 states: “The Amhara have an ancient Christian tradition that traces its roots to the Aksumite Empire. In the fourth century, the emperor Ezana left behind inscriptions that mention the titles "Lord of Heaven" and "Lord of the Earth," Which indicates his conversion to the Christian faith.
 * Ezana's Christianity is confirmed by the coins minted during his reign: earlier coins bear a crescent and disk, whereas later ones depict the cross, a symbol of Christian penetration in the Amhara region.
 * There are many more sources I can bring, but I think you get the point. Please take this seriously and quit manipulating sources to fit in your imaginary narratives. Javext (talk) 19:19, 11 February 2024 (UTC)
 * @Javext Well then you misread it. Tamrat is clearly saying that the ancestors of Tekle Haymont arrived in the region of Amhara to Christianize it, this is again reiterated on page 229 "According to some versions of the tradition of Dignajan, King of Aksum, the ancestors of Tekle-Haymanot are said to have been sent to Amhara and Shewa with numerous other priests to evangelize the region". The original Amhara are not of "Tigre origin" either (I believe you are engaging in WP:OR here), as linguistic analysis shows they branched off some 2,800 years ago. The Amhara originate more southward then Lasta and Wag, in modern day South Wollo (Bete Amhara), hence it makes no sense for them to adopt Christianity prior to the 6th century before the Agaw, even this article on the "Ethnogenesis" tab says that they adopted Christianity after the 7th century. Ethiopian Review is obviously not a reliable source, and neither is "Ethiopia: the land, it's people, History and Culture", if you read here the author even forgot to remove the Wikipedia citations. Please don't refer to WP:SELFPUB that you found on google books and try reading some peer reviewed scholarship on this topic. Socialwave597 (talk) 22:39, 11 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I did not misread it. Taddese tamrat is the same scholar which stated that Pre-Amharic or an Amharic-like language already existed in the northern part in early times and according to Aleqa Taye, there is evidence from the names of some kings of the Axumite Empire, that they fall to Amharic. From this we can clearly see that Taddese Tamrat believes the ancestors of the Amharas were indeed the Aksumites. I have read the pages 68-69 which you asked to check. It does not state what you claimed. It only says and I quote; “According to the life of Tekle Haymanot (c.1215-1313)) the advent of his ancestors to Amhara/Bete Amhara and shewa is connected with Digna Jan’s  program of his evanglizatgion of his southern people.” As you see, nothing about Amhara people becoming Christians at that time whatsoever.
 * In your own quote “"According to some versions of the tradition of Dignajan, King of Aksum, the ancestors of Tekle-Haymanot are said to have been sent to Amhara and Shewa with numerous other priests to evangelize the region".” It states the ANCESTORS of Tekele haymanot were sent to the area of Amhara and Shewa to evangelize, so how could the ancestors of Tekele haymanot (who is an Amhara) be sent to a region to evangelize his own people? That doesn’t make any sense. This is based off you reading into the text and misinterpreting it.
 * In addition to this you misread what I said leading to a complete shift in topic. One, the term “tigre” in this context is not in reference to the people, but rather to the modern region in reference to Aksum, so what it is trying to say is that the ancestors of the Amhara (Aksumites) came from that area.
 * We are not talking about languages but if you insist then you should note that Tigrinya and Amharic have a difference of less than 10% Ge’ez lexicon difference so it is not enough to be used as evidence in your claim.
 * Once again your claim that the Amhara didn’t become christian until the period between the 7-9th century is based off the assumption that the Amhara were not the Aksumites (Agazi) which is not true as I have proven already. Your capability of not being able to disprove our claims is shown by saying the sources brought are “unreliable” even though they are a variety ranging from self published and non self published sources.
 * Also you did not mention to one of the sources I gave. Professor Mordechai Abir of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem wrote that Amhara became christian in the 4th century. Is he also not reliable?
 * In the chronicles of King Gelawdewos (1540-1559) it is stated that Amhara was “land of the Aga’azi” who were the Aksumites showing that the Amharas were the descendants of. I will provide a plethora of sources which are reliable and undeniably proof that the Amhara were Christian since the 4th century AD.
 * -Source: “Native Peoples of the World:
 * An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues”, by Steven L. Danver
 * “The Amhara have an ancient Christian tradition that traces its roots to the Aksumite Empire. In the fourth century, the emperor Ezana left behind inscriptions that mention the titles "Lord of Heaven" and "Lord of the Earth," indicating his conversion to the Christian faith.
 * Ezana's Christianity is confirmed by the coins minted during his reign: earlier coins bear a crescent and disk, whereas later ones depict the cross, a symbol of Christian penetration in the Amhara Region.”
 * -Source: Oil, Power and Politics:
 * “Conflict of Asian and African Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem”, by professor Mordechai Abir
 * “The main recipients of the 'semitic' cultural influences were the people today called Amhara and Tigreans,' who from the fourth century A.D. became Christians and more or less dominated the history of Ethiopia. Ironically, the foundations of the kingdom of Ethiopia were laid in the area which now is partly Eritrean and which local secessionists wish to tear away from Ethiopia.” Javext (talk) 12:31, 12 February 2024 (UTC)
 * @Javext I don't want to side track on this and instead would like to focus on your edits on the article (i.e Christianization of Amhara). Now, Taddesse Tamrat without any doubt says that Amhara was Christianized during the reign of Degna Djan, if you can't, don't, or won't understand his words then perhaps we should request a third opinion here. The established fact is the Amhara were originally concentrated in a smaller province in South Wollo prior to the 14th century, and according to traditions this province and its people were evangelized during the reign of Degna Djan. (pg 87) "Christianity soon became the central component of the ethnic identity of the Aksumites and their descendants, the Tigreans. By the end of the first millennium groups of the Amhara were also beginning to embrace Christianity." Mordechai Abir's quote is just a passing line without an analysis of the primary sources, and Danver's source is just a broad encyclopedia of various different ethnic groups (WP:TERTIARY). The royal chronicles are a primary source, so we can't use that per WP:PRIMARY. I don't want you to think that I will concede based on fringe sources you find, you can find sources for anything nowadays this isn't a reference competition, its differentiating between what is mainstream academic opinion and what's not.
 * "Your capability of not being able to disprove our claims
 * "Our"? Who are you arguing on behalf of? WP:MEATPUPPET? Socialwave597 (talk) 23:59, 12 February 2024 (UTC)
 * @Socialwave597 I am starting to get tired of this discussion. Clearly you are denying every source I give which state that the Christianization of the Amharas began in the 4th century and then bring other sources that do not mention what you claim. How can you even deny that the coins minted in Emperor's Ezana reign displayed Christian symbols? You asked me for "some peer reviewed scholarship on this topic" and I did, giving you multiple of well known and reliable sources, yet you continue to deny them left and right, with random excuses.
 * Once again you are changing topics, ""Our"? Who are you arguing on behalf of? WP:MEATPUPPET?" I used the term "our" in reference to my claims and the sources. I understand that you are trying to find anything you can, as little as it might be, to bring me down but that doesn't look good on you. Javext (talk) 12:17, 13 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Please request a third opinion then. Socialwave597 (talk) 19:47, 13 February 2024 (UTC)

A third opinion
I'm responding to this request from for a third opinion. I've been slow to respond since I wanted to do some research first, & apologize if this inconvenienced anyone. Further, I feel it is only fair to all parties that I mention the rules about edit warring. It would be a loss to Wikipedia were an edit war to leave this article in wrong version. It appears that this disagreement is primarily over the conversion of the Amhara people to Christianity; it is this point I offer my opinion.

First, it needs to be emphasized that the question about the conversion of the Amhara falls in a dark period of Ethiopian history: the years between the end of the Aksum kingdom & the foundation of the Zagwe dynasty are poorly documented. There is a single inscription, some mentions in the histories of the Coptic/Egyptian church, & mentions by contemporary Muslim writers. (The lists of rulers & Abbas/Metropolitans is not trusted by many historians.) So the archeological record -- the study of man-made things -- is important here.

Next, the work of Dr. Taddesse Tamrat has been cited often in this discussion, unfortunately from his doctoral thesis not his published book. There are significant differences between the two, most importantly that he acknowledges that he had additional input that went into his published book from such luminaries as Richard Pankhurst & Stanislaw Chojnacki. The drawback is that Dr. Taddesse's published book is out of print, while his doctoral thesis is available online. (Fortunately thru the School of African Studies, & the British Library website which went offline due to hackers.) Despite this limitation, I will be citing Dr. Taddesse's published book here.

believes that Dr. Taddesse "without any doubt says that Amhara was Christianized during the reign of Degna Djan". I have not read his thesis in full, but from my understanding of his published work he was at least ambivalent about when the Amhara were converted. He does not explicitly raise the issue when the Amhara were converted, but can assume he believed they were converted at the same time as the inhabitants of Tigray were -- or that they were concerted later. Perhaps his opinion was mixed because it is part of Amhara identity that they can trace their roots to the kingdom of Aksum, the earliest African kingdom to accept Christianity, & Christianity is an important part of defining who the Amhara are. In his book at one point he admits "Traditional material on the Amhara is lacking and it is impossible here to give any specific dates for their origin." (p. 37) Nevertheless he states further on in his book "The Amhara had long been the advance guard of Christian expansion in the south. We have already referred to an early Muslim tradition of the armed conflict between them and the Warjih pastoralists in the Shawan region, in A.D. 1128. There are traditions of a slow movement of isolated Christian families from Amhara to the region of the Shawan plateau. A military expedition by a Zagwe monarch into the "kingdom of Damot" is also referred to elsewhere."

So is there any evidence suggesting that the Amhara did convert at an earlier time then, say the beginning of the Zagwe dynasty?

First we need to define what is meant by "Amhara people". Are we talking about a people who are related somehow to the Tigrayan people, or about a people who live in the Amhara area, the Bet Amhara, & came to speak the Amhara language & profess Christianity? That is an issue I don't know if you have or can agree about, but for simplicity I'm assuming it refers to the people who live in that area & speak the language as well as profess Christianity. If either of you disagree, then I guess what I'm about to say will not be of value. But if we agree to that, then archeological evidence can help because we can then turn to the study of the ancient churches of Ethiopia.

These ancient churches show in many ways demonstrate a continuation of traditions rooted in the kingdom of Aksum, such as a basilica floor plan, & a form of construction known as "monkey-head". Many ancient churches with these features are found in the Tigray Region, which is where Christianity first entered the Horn of Africa; those to the south of Tigray would then be considered influenced by Aksumite Christianity. And there are several. (I'm excluding here the famous churches of Lalibela, since many experts believe these were secular structures later converted to churches.) The best known of these are Yemrehanna Krestos, Kankart Mika'el, & Bilbola Tcherqos. Now these have been dated to that dark period between the kingdom of Aksum & the Zagwe dynasty by David Phillipson in his Ancient Churches of Ethiopia (2007): Kankart Mika'el (which he calls the oldest such church in Amhara) to between AD 800 & AD 1000, Bilbola Tcherqos to between 900 & 1025, & Yemrehanna Krestos to between 1025 & 1150) (p. 190). This archeological evidence supports Dr. Taddesse's statement about the Amhara being the advance guard for the southern advance of Christianity.

So it would appear that the expert consensus is that the Amhara converted either around the same time as their northern neighbors, or within a few generations after. Conversion was a slow process: according to Dr Taddesse, Christianity was limited to the royal court & other major population centers along the road linking Aksum & Adulis (p. 23); it wasn't until the advent of the Nine Saints towards the end of the 5th century that Christianity spread into the countryside. (Dr. Taddesse dates this to the late 5th century, while I've seen other authorities who date this a little later, to the 6th century; as Dr. Taddesse commented the evidence for this period is limited.) We do have evidence that despite having gone into a decline after AD 600, the Aksum kingdom had still some importance as late as AD 770, when Arab writers tell of Aksumite naval battles in the Red Sea (Taddesse, p. 32).

I'd like to comment on a few more points raised in this discussion. One is that, according to my understanding of the Galla of saint Tekle Haymanot, that his ancestors who were asked by king Digna Jan to go south and evangelize were living in Amhara & proceeded to Shewa. (Tekle Haymanot was born in Silalish, between the Jamma & Mugar rivers, which I believe is south of Bet Amhara.) But I could be wrong. Another is about the use of glottochronology concerning Ge'ez, Tigray & Amhara. I had always believed from my reading that the three languages had a similar relationship to each other as Latin, Spanish & Portuguese respectively. I was surprised to read from the article Socialwave cited that Ge'ez was considered a sister language to the two, & that the split between Tigrayan & Amharic was dated to 850 BC. (The table in the article should not be read as "2800 BC", but "2800 Before Present"; Before Present is measured back from AD 1950, which calculates to 850 BC.) This is the first source I've seen that promotes such a view. Now I happen to know that the results of glottochronology are at best controversial -- please see the Wikipedia article -- so unless other authorities independent of glottochronology confirm such an early date, I wouldn't rely on that source overmuch. Perhaps not more than in a footnote noting this dissenting POV.

I must thank anyone who has read this far in my essay. I wrote more than I had planned to on this subject. -- llywrch (talk) 23:39, 19 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Hello @Llywrch. Thanks for replying. I agree that the period between the fall of Aksum and the Zagwe period is a dark age of Ethiopian history and like you said, there are little to no inscriptions from that time, that talks about this topic and others. I also agree with what you said regarding the source socialwave597 brought up and his misinterpretation of the glottochronology. The split of languages specifically wouldn’t have any major input in this topic since we are more focusing on the people not their languages. On the topic of who the Amhara people are, I agree with what you said on their location (bet/bete Amhara), language (Amharic) and their religion (Christianity). However, one vital piece of information is that they are the heirs of Aksum. The reason why this is vital, is because it would mean that the proto amhara (ie people living with the Aksumite period and would later become to be known as the Amhara) lived further north.
 * This can be proven by various sources and traditions such as:
 * 1. Ethiopian kings carrying out the tradition of coronation within Aksum. Spearheading the Ge’ez language renaissance in the 14th century during the reign of emperor Zara ya’qob, the deployment of military tactics from the days of Aksum (sewa regiment)  by emperors most notably Amde seyon I. These traditions alone show that the Amhara identity is rooted within its Aksumite history. Alongside I have sources to back this up. Here are some: -"Encyclopedia of the Stateless
 * Nations: Ethnic and
 * National Groups Around the World", James Minahan • 2002 (p. 104) - The Semitic Aksumites eventually split into two related but distinct nations, the Amhara and the Tigreans. The Amhara spread from their *traditional lands* to conquer much of the highlands.
 * -“Native Peoples of the World:
 * An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues”, by Steven L. Danverl -Oil, Power and Politics:
 * “Conflict of Asian and African Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem”, by professor Mordechai Abir.
 * Additional source: Dr. Girma Demeke in his book, Origin of Amharic, explicitly states this speaking a Semitic language is slightly different from that of Geez. According to the pidgin hypothesis, the Semitic tongue spoken by the commanders was the one that provided the Semitic features to Amharic. Indeed, there is historical support for the existence of such a Semitic tongue before the administrative shift took place from the North, Axum, to the South, Zague. Pre- Amharic or an Amharic-like language existed in the northern part in this early times, according to Alega Taye (1964 E.C: 52) "as evidenced from the names of some kings such as ጉም (721-725), አስጎምጉም (725-730), ለትም (730-746) and ተላተም
 * (746-767) of the Axumite Empire. As Aleqa Taye (Ibid) also points out, such names do not fall to any of the present ES, but to Amharic."
 * -Here in annex is a document with the main sources:
 * Would It be possible to restore the page back to my version? Once again thanks for replying. Javext (talk) 20:52, 20 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Girma Demeke never says that Amharic was "lightly different from that of Geez" nor did he believe in the pidgin hypothesis. I'm getting signals that you never read his book. Socialwave597 (talk) 04:21, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * @Socialwave597 Girma Demeke clearly states in his book: "speaking a Semitic language slightly different from that of Ge'ez".
 * I also never said he believed in the Pidgin hypothesis.
 * Now, whether or not you are purposely misinterpreting my statements, I don't know. However, I will assume it's good faith.
 * -The last screenshot of this document is from his book. Javext (talk) 15:11, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * That archeological evidence you referenced is situated in the province of Lasta (which was primarily inhabited by the Agaw people) not Bete Amhara, however I am willing to concede and change the sentence to "during the Aksumite period" or something along those lines, but not during the reign of Ezana as proposed by Javext. This is my proposal. Socialwave597 (talk) 04:20, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * @Llywrch Hello! I apologize if I am bothering you, however It is been a week since my last reply and I haven't got an answer yet. Would you be able to restore it to my version? Thanks. Javext (talk) 15:06, 29 February 2024 (UTC)
 * @Javext I am willing to concede and change the sentence to "the Amhara embraced Christianity sometime during the Aksumite period" or some type of variation of that sentence. We can leave out the century or what king it occurred under since the sources seem to be divergent about that, but they are in general agreement that it occurred during the Aksumite era. Socialwave597 (talk) 03:09, 9 March 2024 (UTC)
 * All right, seems good to me. I will change it. Javext (talk) 10:17, 9 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amhara people


text:
Battle Masters

Battle Masters is a miniature wargame by Milton Bradley, made in collaboration with Games Workshop in 1992. It is thematically similar to Warhammer Fantasy Battle, but with much simpler game mechanics. Like other Milton Bradley/Games Workshop partnership board games HeroQuest and Space Crusade, Battle Masters was designed by Stephen Baker, who later went on to design the popular game Heroscape.

In Germany it is called Die Claymore-Saga, in France Seigneurs de guerre and in the Netherlands Ridderstrijd.

Gameplay
Battle Masters simulates a battle between factions from the Warhammer Fantasy setting: on one side the forces of good, the human Empire; and against them the evil forces of Chaos, featuring a combination of units from Warhammer's Chaos army and Orcs & Goblins army.

The game is played on a large 54 by 60 inch vinyl battle mat, superimposed with large hexes. Over 100 unpainted plastic miniatures are included. Instead of individual bases, Battle Masters units are mounted on large unit bases of typically five infantry or three cavalry miniatures.

Players array their armies at opposite ends of the battle mat, or according to one of the pre-set scenarios. Turn order is determined by drawing from a deck of 59 Battle Cards, which determines which units may move on this turn. The same deck contains cards for both armies, meaning the same player may take multiple turns in a row if cards for their units appear sequentially.

When it moves, each unit may move one square and then attack an adjacent opponent (aside from ranged units, which can only attack or move). The attacker and defender each roll a number of dice equal to their Combat Value. The game uses the same type of special dice as HeroQuest, each having three skulls, two blank sides, and one shield. Each skull rolled by the attacker deals one damage to the enemy, and each shield rolled by the defender reduces the damage by one. A unit is eliminated when it accumulates 3 damage.

Each army contains a notable special unit. The Imperial army has the Mighty Cannon, which can strike at long range and eliminate a unit in one hit, but is unreliable and may even destroy itself or hit allies in the cannon's path. The Chaos army has an Ogre Champion which can move three square and attack three times; however, the order in which it does each is determined randomly.

The goal of the game is to eliminate all of the opponent's units. An optional set of scenarios includes unique rules, and a set of tournament rules allows for a campaign of multiple battles. Units which survive a battle in a campaign gain an Elite Token which grants an additional Combat die.

Forces
Each army is divided into a number of units—14 for the Chaos Army, and 11 for the Imperial Army. Each unit consists of a number of miniatures placed on a single unit base, with sticker decals providing a unique unit name and flag for each one. Relative points values were added in later expansions.

Terrain

The battle mat contains a river, which cannot be crossed except at fords. Other terrain on the mat has no special game effect.

Several terrain features are added to the board at the start of the round. One player places the terrain features, and the other may decide which side of the battle mat to deploy his units on. The layout in pre-determined campaign maps is instead fixed.

Four hedges are placed on edges between two hexes, and prevent movement across them. Ford tiles may be placed on rivers to allow passage. Marsh tiles prevent movement entirely. Ditch tiles have four fortified sides which prevent movement, and attacks across the fortified sides give the defender +1 Combat die and the attacker -1 Combat die.

A large plastic Tower grants +1 Combat die to any unit inside it, and anyone attacking a unit in the Tower does so at -1 Combat die. Cavalry may not enter the Tower, and it can be destroyed by three Explosion hits from the Mighty Cannon.

Expansions
Two optional expansion packs were released for the game: Imperial Lords and Chaos Warband.

Imperial Lords

 * 1 unit of Imperial Lords
 * 1 unit of Imperial Knights
 * 1 unit of Men-at-Arms
 * 2 units of Archers
 * 1 unit of Crossbowmen
 * 1 Mighty Cannon

Chaos Warband

 * 2 units of Chaos Lords
 * 4 units of Beastmen
 * 2 Ogre Champions

An optional rule assigns a points value to each unit, allowing for players to build armies of equivalent strength. Sample armies are provided, ranging from small to full size. Alternatively, each player can use the base army plus the full expansion set for that army, if both are available.

The Imperial Lord and Chaos Lord units are new units which operate the same as the Lord Knights and Champions of Chaos, respectively, having the same Combat Value and moving on the same Battle Cards. The difference is that each takes only one hit to kill instead of three, and each uses only a single miniature on its base. No new battle cards are added. Both units have a points value of 8, one lower than the unit on which they are based.

Reception
In the December 1992 edition of Dragon (Issue 188), Rick Swan was initially impressed by the contents of the game box: "The dozens of plastic pieces, detailed down to the bolts on the war hammers and scowls on the goblins, are a miniaturist’s dream. The enormous vinyl battle map, with nearly 25 square feet of green fields and azure rivers, may be the biggest playing area ever included in a board game. Throw in a 5” plastic castle, a handful of skull dice, and enough odds and ends to bury the family dog, and it’s like a visit from Santa Claus." But Swan was disappointed with every other aspect of the game. He felt the rules were overly simplistic, "as if the designers were afraid that excessive decision-making might cause the players’ heads to explode." And despite all of the different playing pieces, Swan noted that "there’s no meaningful difference between the various units, as just about all of them move and attack the same way." Despite its issues, he pointed out that when he play-tested it with grade-school kids, "everyone one of them adored ... a game big enough to fill the living-room floor." For this reason, Swan raised his rating of the game from poor to an average rating of 3.5 stars out of 6.

In the November–December 1992 edition of Casus Belli (Issue #72), the reviewer noted the large game box packed with colourful, high-quality components, commenting, "Milton Bradley always pushes the limits of the quantity of material present in its games." However, the reviewer found that the rules were far too over-simplified for adults, "but it is true that this is a board game aimed at a fairly young audience." The reviewer concluded, "Before we mourn the fate of poor buyers who were dazzled by the profusion and quality of the material [...] the option exists to upgrade the rules system at your convenience."

It was reviewed in Challenge #74 (1994).

In a 2022 interview, Battle Masters designer Stephen Baker reflected on criticisms that the game lacks strategic depth:

"There is more strategy to it than you realize. I once had a US designer tell me it was too luck driven. We played fourteen games in a row swapping sides after each game. I won all fourteen. You have to deploy and play to the strengths of your army and you have to watch what cards have been played."

title: Battle Masters


text: User talk:218.22.44.244

title: User talk:218.22.44.244


text: User talk:212.126.144.12

title: User talk:212.126.144.12


text:
Bariatrics

Bariatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity.

Terminology
The term bariatrics was coined around 1965, from the Greek root bar- ("weight" as in barometer), suffix -iatr ("treatment," as in pediatrics), and suffix -ic ("pertaining to"). The field encompasses dieting, exercise and behavioral therapy approaches to weight loss, as well as pharmacotherapy and surgery. The term is also used in the medical field as somewhat of a euphemism to refer to people of larger sizes without regard to their participation in any treatment specific to weight loss, such as medical supply catalogs featuring larger hospital gowns and hospital beds referred to as "bariatric".

Bariatric patients
Being overweight or obese are both rising medical problems. There are many detrimental health effects of obesity: Individuals with a BMI (Body Mass Index) exceeding a healthy range have a much greater risk of medical issues. These include heart disease, diabetes mellitus, many types of cancer, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, and chronic musculoskeletal problems. There is also a focus on the correlation between obesity and mortality.

Overweight and obese people, including children, may find it difficult to lose weight on their own. It is common for dieters to have tried fad diets only to find that they gain weight, or return to their original weight, after ceasing the diet. Some improvement in patient psychological health is noted after bariatric surgery. 51% of bariatric surgery candidates report a history of mental illness, specifically depression, as well as being prescribed at least one psychotropic medication at the time of their surgery candidacy.

Methods of treatment
Although diet, exercise, behavior therapy and anti-obesity drugs are first-line treatment, medical therapy for severe obesity has limited short-term success and very poor long-term success. Weight loss surgery generally results in greater weight loss than conventional treatment, and leads to improvements in quality of life and obesity related diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A meta-analysis of 174772 participants published in The Lancet in 2021 found that bariatric surgery was associated with 59% and 30% reduction in all-cause mortality among obese adults with or without type 2 diabetes respectively. This meta-analysis also found that median life-expectancy was 9.3 years longer for obese adults with diabetes who received bariatric surgery as compared to routine (non-surgical) care, whereas the life expectancy gain was 5.1 years longer for obese adults without diabetes.

The combination of approaches used may be tailored to each patient. Bariatric treatments in youth must be considered with great caution and with other conditions that may not have to be considered in adults.

Techniques used in bariatrics include bioelectrical impedance analysis, a method to measure body fat percentage.

Related conditions

 * Obesity, childhood obesity
 * Classification of obesity, classification of childhood obesity
 * Epidemiology of obesity, epidemiology of childhood obesity
 * Obesity and walking
 * Social stigma of obesity

Physiology

 * Body fat percentage
 * Relative Fat Mass (RFM)
 * Steatosis (also called fatty change, fatty degeneration, or adipose degeneration)
 * Subcutaneous fat

title: Bariatrics


text:
User:JarlaxleArtemis/Image Gallery

This is a list of images that I have added to Wikipedia. For a gallery of most of these images, click here.

 * Image:Abeir-Toril.JPG
 * Image:Air Arabia A320.jpg
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 * Image:Albedo Piazzola.jpg
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 * Image:Artemis Entreri.jpg
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 * Image:Beholder.jpg
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 * Image:Brother.jpg
 * Image:Chaos.jpg
 * Image:Chaos3.jpg
 * Image:Charlemagne2.jpg
 * Image:Charlemagne and Pope Adrian I.jpg
 * Image:Corellon takes the eye of Grumsh.jpg
 * Image:Cyric.jpg
 * Image:Dartz.gif
 * Image:Dartz2.jpg
 * Image:Derro.JPG
 * Image:Drizzt and Guenhwyvar.jpg
 * Image:Drizzt Do'Urden2.jpg
 * Image:Ed Greenwood.jpg
 * Image:Elminster2.jpg
 * Image:Ernest Everett Just.jpg
 * Image:Farplane.jpg
 * Image:Far Realm entity and pseudonatural creatures.JPG
 * Image:Forgotten Realms logo.gif
 * Image:Fzoul Chembryl.jpg
 * Image:Gaius Julius Caesar.jpg
 * Image:Geonosian starfighters.jpg
 * Image:Grigory Rasputin.jpg
 * Image:Grigory Rasputin2.jpg
 * Image:Grimlock.JPG
 * Image:Ƣƣ.JPG
 * Image:Hannibal.png
 * Image:Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince2.jpg
 * Image:Jarlaxle2.JPG
 * Image:Jecht.jpg
 * Image:Jecht2.JPG
 * Image:Jeremy Hanson in Futhark.JPG
 * Image:Jeremy Hanson in Tengwar Sindarin.png
 * Image:Jin Uzuki.jpg
 * Image:Juli Mizrahi.jpg
 * Image:Kelemvor.jpg
 * Image:Khelben Arunsun.jpg
 * Image:Kimahri Ronso2.jpg
 * Image:Liriel Baenre2.jpg
 * Image:Lulu2.jpg
 * Image:Mask (god).jpg
 * Image:Mayfair Monsoon.gif
 * Image:Mielikki.jpg
 * Image:Moon.jpg
 * Image:Mystra.jpg
 * Image:Necrid.jpg
 * Image:Númenor (Andor).gif
 * Image:Orc.jpg
 * Image:Osman.jpg
 * Image:Otto I.jpg
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 * Image:Rikku.jpg
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 * Image:Sin.jpg
 * Image:Sin2.jpg
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 * Image:Solomon W. Golomb.jpg
 * Image:Svirfneblin.JPG
 * Image:Symbol of Bane.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of Corellon.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of Cyric.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of Elminster.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of Gruumsh.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of Kelemvor.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of Mask.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of Mielikki.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of Mystra.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of Selûne.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of the Harpers.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of the Red Wizards.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of the Zhentarim.jpg
 * Image:Symbol of Vhaeraun.jpg
 * Image:Tidus2.jpg
 * Image:Wakka & Blitzball Teamates.jpg
 * Image:Wilhelm.jpg
 * Image:World of Final Fantasy VII.gif
 * Image:Wulfgar.jpg
 * Image:Yakshini.jpg
 * Image:Yuan-ti Mageslayer.jpg
 * Image:Yuna2.jpg
 * Image:Yuna3.jpg
 * Image:Yunalesca.JPG
 * Image:Yu Yevon.jpg

title: User:JarlaxleArtemis/Image Gallery


text:
Talk:Paul Ince

Untitled
GD 25/2/05. Can someone please put something in here about his transfer from West Ham to Manchester United. It was quite a big deal at the time and West Ham fans have christened Ince "Judas" for what happened here. I think it's an important part of the history but I am not knowledgable enough to write about it.

 * Looks like this has been dealt with. Good stuff. However, I do have a few issues with the page [which I am still updating, trying to be more positive every time ;-)]. The whole thing needs to be formatted a bit better, with subsections, so we can skip to the bits we're particularly interested in. If it's possible to divide the article into sections by club, that would be ideal, although timeframe is probably more realistic, to incorporate international-related content, and prevent short sections for clubs that don't have much written about them (Inter are hardly mentioned at all, for example). Also, more statistics are needed, appearance and goal stats (in a table at the bottom, as per Thierry Henry) would be great. The table below shows statistics by club (stats according to Soccerbase ), but this doesn't break down into individual seasons. I'll try to gather that info, and add this to the table at the bottom..

 * The player infobox is currently missing club cap and goal stats. The info needed is in the first table, but do we count everything? All competitions, including European, and including substitute appearances? I wasn't sure whether the appearance figures listed in the table were inclusive of substitute apps, but as this article credits Ince with 72 league appearances for West Ham, so it follows that they aren't. Therefore, assuming all competitions are counted, I make that:

 * West Ham: 95 (8)
 * ManU: 281 (5)
 * Inter: 30 (3)
 * Liverpool: 81 (0)
 * Middlesbro: 96 (0)
 * Wolves: 113 (9)

 * N (talk) last updated 17:30, 26 November 2005 (UTC). Tables below posted at the same time, please add or correct any info you can, and note your changes (and sources). Cheers..

Statistics

 * Key: League caps, League Goals, FA Cup caps, FA Cup Goals, League Cup caps, League Cup Goals, Other caps, Other Goals. Figures in brackets denote appearances as a substitute.

Club career
(correct as of ?? November 2005)

 * *  disagrees on this one, but and  say it is so.

Other statistics

 * Height: 5' 10" (178 cm)
 * Weight: 12.6 (74 kg)
 * Squad Number: 9
 * Contract Expires: June 2006 (will retire at the end of the season)
 * World Cups: 1 (France 1998)

Protected
I have protected this page due to the increased ammount of vandalism to this article recently, and to the number of unverified claims of him signing for different clubs. Wikipedia is neither a crystal ball nor a primary news source. This page will be protected until such a time as an announcement is made about Ince's footballing future, which should ensure stability returning to this article. Rje 02:58, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Retirement ?
So is Ince retired or not ?

--Clockwork Orange 17:09, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Need for citations
In these biograhical articles, it is critically important to give citations for anything remotely controversial. Otherwise Wikipedia risks being sued as publisher of libel. Please cite your sources. --Concrete Cowboy 17:03, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

Heritage and family
Does anyone know the ethnic heritage of him? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.200.70.23 (talk) 13:56, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

There is a long standing myth that Nigel Benn and Paul Ince are cousins. This has been confirmed as not true by Nigel Benn (https://twitter.com/nigelgbenn/status/698118335251247104?lang=en) and he also states that their families are friends and came from Barbados together.

Thomas Ince
Thomas Ince of the Liverpool reserves, any relation? Pretty sure I remember something about a son still being there when he left Liverpool for Middlesbrough. Londo 06  20:09, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Not the first black manager in the Premier League!!!
The artice states Ince is the first manager in the Premier League- this is incorrect. Jean Tigana (Fulham) and Ruud Gullit (Chelsea, Newcastle) are black and both managed in the top-flight before Ince. I don't have an account so I can't change the page; perhaps someone else can correct this error.

 * The article states that he is the first black British manager in the Premier League, which I believe to be factually accurate. Rje (talk) 22:17, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

This is not factually accurate I can think of two black managers (there might be more) who managed in the Premier League before Ince- Jean Tigana (Fulham 2000-3) and Ruud Gullit (Chelsea 1996-8, Newcastle 1998-9). Ince is the only black manager in the Premier League at the moment, is that what you mean?
 * Tigana and Gullit aren't British... the article, from what I can see, only makes the claim that Ince is the "first black British manager". Mattythewhite (talk) 17:31, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

Apologies, my mistake.

Chris Hughton is Norwich and formerly Newcastle manager this is at least one example of a black British manger before Ince in the PL. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Edddeduck (talk • contribs) 17:58, 29 July 2013 (UTC)

Updated page to remove line about being first British black manager based on citation of Chris Houghton wiki page. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hughton — Preceding unsigned comment added by Edddeduck (talk • contribs) 18:12, 29 July 2013 (UTC)

After Blackburn
What is Paul Ince doing now? Millbanks (talk) 19:22, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

1990 FA Cup Final position
The article says that he played a right back in the FA cup final in 1990. This is wrong. Ince played in Centre Midfield. Mike Phelan was the right back in both games. United team was Leighton, Phelan,Bruce,Pallister,Martin, Webb,Ince,Robson,Wallace,McClair, Hughes. Sealy replaced Leighton in Goal. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.86.45.230 (talk) 22:42, 20 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm fairly sure the DVD I have of the 1990 FA Cup Final says Ince played right-back. I'll check it when I get back to uni. – PeeJay 22:54, 6 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Ah, I see where the problem has developed. Ince wore the #2 jersey for the final, so people might have thought he played right-back, but he did - as you say - play centre midfield. – PeeJay 19:41, 11 January 2011 (UTC)
 * 1990 FA Cup Final says central midfield, Mike Phelan says Phelan was often deployed at right-back during his first season at Manchester United, but following the arrival of Denis Irwin in 1990 he mostly played on the right or in the centre of midfield. He had played on the right side of midfield before Irwin's arrival, most notably in the FA Cup final win over Crystal Palace in May 1990, when Paul Ince was switched from central midfield to right back. --palmiped | Talk  21:06, 11 January 2011 (UTC)
 * The Mike Phelan article is wrong then. Phelan played right-back in the 1990 final and Ince played centre-mid. – PeeJay 19:32, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

The Guv'nor?!
why is there no reference to Ince's nickname "the Guv'nor? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.157.34.212 (talk) 06:31, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Paul Ince. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120427172120/http://www.fa-cupfinals.co.uk/1990.htm to http://www.fa-cupfinals.co.uk/1990.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20101029233551/http://www.nottscountyfc.co.uk:80/page/NewsDetail/0,,10426~2198587,00.html to http://www.nottscountyfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10426~2198587,00.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 23:06, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Paul Ince. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090706131623/http://www.mkdons.com:80/page/NewsDetail/0,,10420~1712971,00.html to http://www.mkdons.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10420~1712971,00.html

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Managerial statistics
Managerial statistics should be added.

Rainjar (talk) 23:46, 17 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paul Ince


text:
List of Sony trademarks

The following are or were trademarks of the Sony Group Corporation or its subsidiaries:

0–9

 * 3 MAX+
 * 700 Series
 * 3net

Apps

 * Sony Corporation (apps)
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 * Sony Mobile Communications Inc., (apps)
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C

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D

 * D-WAVE
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 * Digital. Powerful. Transportable.
 * Digital8
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 * Direct Digital Link
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 * Disc Explorer
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 * Discam
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E

 * e-conference (logo)
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 * EZ AUDIO
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 * EAT SLEEP PLAY

F

 * FastPort
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 * FeliCa Networks
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G

 * G Chassis
 * G-Chassis
 * G-Sense
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 * GeoLock Plus
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 * Giga Pocket
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 * Great Products Great People
 * Gracenote
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H

 * H.EAR
 * Handshake design
 * Handycam
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 * Hi8 Editor
 * HiDensity
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 * HMZ-T1
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 * Hyper HAD
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I

 * I-Link
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 * ImageStation
 * Imaging Edge Webcam (logo)
 * Indextron
 * InfoLithium
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 * Innovation At Work
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 * Intelligent Dialer
 * Intellilight
 * Intellitape
 * Inzone
 * Sony Ipela
 * Isara
 * It's A Sony "S"
 * It's As Easy As A Floppy
 * Izziton

J

 * Jfutura
 * JJTRON
 * Jog dial
 * JumboTron
 * JumboWall

K

 * Kazé
 * Kando Trip
 * Kando Experience Program

L

 * LanBacker
 * LANC (logo)
 * LaserLink
 * Lasermax
 * Leading The Way
 * Learn From the Leaders
 * Legato Linear
 * Life Just Got Better
 * Light Sensor
 * Lightsensor
 * LinkBuds
 * LinkBuds S
 * Lissa
 * Luma Professional LCD Monitor
 * Liv
 * Live in Your World, Play In Ours
 * LocationFree
 * Lumisponder

M

 * Macro Storage Through Patented Micro Technology
 * MacView
 * Magic Link
 * MagicGate
 * Make the Internet Yours
 * Making Business Pleasure
 * Marine Pack
 * Matrix Sound
 * Matrix Surround
 * Mavica
 * Mavicap
 * Mavicard
 * Mavigraph
 * Mavipak
 * Max-8
 * Maxxum
 * Maximum Television
 * Maximum TV
 * MD Link (logo)
 * MD Link Plus
 * MD View
 * MD Walkman
 * MD Walkman (logo)
 * MDLP
 * MDP Muli Disc Player
 * Media Bar
 * Media Communicator
 * Media Forum
 * Media Mover
 * Media Park
 * Media Window
 * Mega Bass
 * Mega Bass Port
 * Mega Storage
 * Mega Watchman
 * MegaStorage
 * Memory Match Ringing
 * Memory Stick
 * Memory Stick Micro M2
 * Memory Stick Pro Duo
 * Memory Stick Duo
 * Memory Stick Pro-HG
 * Menu Disc
 * MenuNav
 * Messenger Card
 * Metal Select
 * Metreon
 * MG/MemoryStick (logo)
 * Micro Beam
 * Micro Vault
 * Microblack
 * Microfocus
 * MICROMV
 * MID
 * MiniDisc (logo)
 * MiniDV
 * Mirrorblack
 * Missioncontrol
 * MobilePort
 * Mobile ES
 * Motion Eye
 * MovieShaker
 * MPEG IMX
 * Multi Channel Access
 * Multi Disc Player
 * Multi-Channel Access
 * Multiscan
 * Music Clip
 * Music Pops
 * Musiclub
 * Musicruise
 * Muteki
 * My Entertainment, My Place, My Time
 * My First Sony
 * My Life Online
 * Mylo

N

 * NanoOs
 * Nasne
 * nav-u
 * Net MD
 * Network SmartCapture
 * Network Walkman
 * Newsbase
 * NewsCache
 * NEWS
 * NightShot and NightShot 0 Lux
 * No One Can Duplicate Us
 * No Sweat Internet
 * NURO 光
 * NURO 5G
 * NURO Biz
 * NURO 光 Safe
 * NURO Mobile
 * NURO 光 Connect
 * Nothing Escapes Us

O

 * OctaStation 2.4
 * Ohm Page
 * On Time Support
 * One Box, One System, One Simple Set-Up, One Unbelievable Experience
 * OpenMG
 * OPENR
 * Optiarc
 * Orchestra Seat
 * Our Media Is Your Memory

P

 * PacITman
 * Pan Focus
 * PanFocus
 * PC by Sony
 * PC Cam
 * PCBacker
 * poiq (logo)
 * Pen Tablet (logo)
 * Personal Technology Experience
 * Personal-Jet
 * PetaApp
 * PetaBack
 * PetaServe
 * PetaSite
 * PhatFree
 * PhatMan
 * PhatPig
 * Photoegg
 * Pico Player
 * Picture Paradise
 * PictureBook
 * Pictured!
 * PictureGear
 * PicturePark
 * PictureToy
 * Pit Signal Processing (logo)
 * PJ CALC!
 * PJ Projects!
 * Plasmatron
 * Platinum Plus
 * PlatinumPlus
 * Playlist Builder
 * PlayNow
 * PlayStation
 * PlayStation (console)
 * PlayStation 2
 * PlayStation BB
 * PlayStation 3
 * PlayStation Home
 * PlayStation Network
 * PlayStation 4
 * PlayStation 5
 * PlayStation Portable
 * PlayStation Vita
 * PlayStation Productions
 * PlayStation Studios
 * PlayStation Originals
 * PlayStation Classic
 * PlayStation Showcase
 * PlayStation Stars
 * PlayTV
 * Plug and Present
 * PocketStation
 * Polygoneater
 * PocketBit
 * Portable Music (logo)
 * Portable Music icon
 * Portable Music With Style
 * Power Burn
 * Power Cinema
 * Power HAD
 * Power HAD WS
 * Power Play
 * Powerful for Work, Portable for Play
 * Precision Drive
 * Pressman
 * PRO 8
 * Pro Dat Plus
 * Pro-Optic
 * Profeel
 * Program Palette
 * Projector Station
 * ProMavica
 * ProSound
 * PSone
 * PSX
 * PSYC (not to be confused with PSYC, which is prior art)

Q

 * Qbric
 * QIC (logo)
 * Qualia (logo)
 * Qic (logo)
 * Qic-ER
 * QRIO
 * QS 2.4 (logo)
 * QSDI
 * Quadrastation 2.4
 * Quick Start
 * Quickset
 * QuickShare

R

 * R2 Reality Regenerator (logo)
 * Rapid Access
 * Ready-Focus
 * ReadyCharge
 * Real-Time Storage Workhorse
 * Reality Regenerator
 * RealView
 * Remote Commander
 * Repeat Learning System
 * Rewarding Recording
 * RITE
 * Rotary Commander
 * Ruvi
 * Rolly
 * Reader

S

 * S-Cache Accelerated (logo)
 * S-Link
 * S-Master
 * S-TACT
 * S2
 * S2 SPORTS (logo)
 * SA-CD
 * Scene Shuffle
 * Scoopman
 * ScreenBlast
 * SD (logo)
 * Search Media
 * SecondOpinion
 * Seeing is Believing
 * Select
 * Selfset
 * Series 7
 * Servo Stabilizer
 * Setup Log
 * Setup Navi
 * Shigei
 * Shoot! Store! Show!
 * Shot Box
 * Side Shot
 * Signal Seeker
 * SignalSeeker
 * SiteLink
 * SIXAXIS
 * SlimDock
 * Smart Control
 * SmartDome
 * SmartFile
 * SmartProjector
 * Smooth Scan
 * SmoothScan
 * Snap Shot
 * SnapJack
 * SnapShot
 * SnapLab
 * Snoozinator
 * SOBAX (Calculator Line; "Solid State Abacus")
 * So-net
 * So The Beat Goes On
 * SoftwarePlus
 * Solar Window
 * Soloist
 * SonicFlow
 * SonicStage
 * SonicStage Mastering Studio
 * Sony
 * Sony Pictures
 * Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group
 * Sony Pictures Home Entertainment
 * Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions
 * Sony Pictures Television
 * Sony Pictures Television Networks
 * Sony Pictures Networks India
 * Sony Card
 * Sony Interactive Entertainment
 * Sony Entertainment Network
 * Sony Data Storage. When the Data Really Matters.
 * Sony Dynamic Digital Sound
 * Sony DADC
 * Sony Electronics Inc.
 * Sony Ericsson
 * Sony Express
 * Sony Financial Group (logo)
 * Sony Life
 * Sony Bank
 * Sony Graphics (logo)
 * Sony Global Solutions
 * Sony Honda Mobility
 * Sony Innovators
 * Sony Mobile (logo)
 * Sony Music
 * Sony Music Publishing
 * Sony Music Group
 * Sony Music Entertainment Japan
 * Sony Module Express
 * Sony Online Entertainment
 * Sony Olympus Medical Solutions Inc.
 * Sony Plaza
 * Sony Security Systems (logo)
 * Sony Signatures
 * Sony Style
 * Sony Style Connect
 * Sony Creative Software
 * Sony Professional Solutions
 * Sony Semiconductor Solutions
 * Lytia
 * AITRIOS
 * Cogitai
 * Spresense
 * Sorplas
 * eSATURNUS
 * DefinedCrowd
 * Cinnamon AI
 * Altair Semiconductor
 * Nevion
 * midokura
 * SoftKinetic
 * AudioKinetic
 * Sony Tablet
 * Sony VAIO Direct (word & logo)
 * Sony Vision-S
 * Sony Wonder
 * S/PDIF
 * Sony-matic
 * Sony AI
 * Sony CSL
 * Sony PCL Inc.
 * Sound Is Meant To Be Heard, Not Seen
 * Sound-Sensor
 * Spec Pro
 * Special Cleaning Mechanism
 * Special Cleaning Mechanism (logo)
 * SPECL
 * SpectaPix
 * SpectaProof
 * Speed Surf
 * Speedman (logo)
 * Sport MDR
 * SportsBand
 * Sportsfinder
 * Sportspack
 * Spressa
 * SSD (logo)
 * Station Memo
 * Star Sphere
 * Steady Sound
 * SteadyShot
 * SteadySound
 * SAPARi
 * Storage by Sony
 * Storage in a Small Format
 * Storage Rewards
 * Storage Solutions for Every Business Landscape
 * StoreManager
 * StorSolution
 * StorStation
 * Straptenna
 * Streamphone
 * Street Style
 * Study Wave
 * Style
 * Style Cube
 * Super Betamovie
 * Super Bias
 * Super Bit Mapping
 * Super Cleaning Mechanism
 * Super Coat 2
 * Super Data
 * Super Fine Pitch
 * Super HAD CCD
 * Super Head Cleaner
 * Super Hi-Band
 * Super Performance
 * SuperBeta
 * SuperBeta Hi Fi
 * SuperBeta Hi-Fi
 * SuperBetamax
 * SuperBright
 * Superbrix
 * SuperLite
 * Supersite
 * SuperSlim
 * SuperSmart
 * SuperStation
 * SuperTheater
 * SupportNet
 * Swing Search
 * SwivelScreen
 * Sxnet
 * SXRD
 * Symphony
 * Synchro Edit
 * System G
 * System Link
 * SystemAlert
 * SystemWatch

T

 * Tab Marker Indexing System
 * Tap Tunes
 * Tape Guide
 * Tape Your Best Shot
 * TechPort
 * Tele Plus
 * Telepix
 * The Absolute Best Way to Record Your Music
 * The Art of the Image
 * The Big Screen For Small Rooms
 * The Definition of Definition
 * The Image Studio
 * The Image, Pure and Simple
 * The Leader in Digital Audio
 * The Leader in Digital Technology
 * The Leader in Optical Disc
 * The Mini Remote
 * The Next Generation of Portable Music Is Coming
 * The Next Golden Age of Television
 * The Official Currency of Playtime
 * The Proof is In the Match
 * The Repeater
 * The Sony Card
 * The Sony Partnership
 * The Tape With A Brain
 * The Values That Unite Us
 * There’s A Story Behind Every Image
 * Three oval design mark
 * Thumb Scan
 * Thumb-cam
 * Touch Pad Commander
 * Towada Audio
 * TrackID
 * TR-55
 * Triporous (logo)
 * TrakCam
 * Trans Com
 * Trini-lite
 * Trinicom
 * Trinicom (logo)
 * Trinicon
 * Trinitone
 * Trinitron
 * Triple X Program
 * TruEye
 * Tunnel diode
 * Twin-View
 * 1 inch Type C

U

 * U-ceiver
 * U-matic
 * Ultimate Color and Sound
 * Ultra Personal
 * ULT Power Sound
 * UMD
 * UniCommander
 * UniDome
 * UniLink
 * Unimatch
 * Unimatic
 * UniPak
 * Upgrade Your Image
 * USB Direct Connect
 * UVWT
 * UX Turbo

V

 * VAIO
 * VAIO Compo
 * VAIO Digital Studio
 * VAIO Select
 * VAIO Slimtop
 * VAIO Smart
 * VAIO Sphere
 * VAIO World
 * Vbox
 * VCR Mouse
 * Vdeck
 * Velocity Modulation
 * Vialta
 * Video 8
 * Video Caddy
 * Video Hi8
 * Video Memo
 * Video Printpack
 * Video Printpak
 * Video Walkman
 * Videograph
 * Videopress
 * VideoStore
 * View Font
 * View Tools
 * VisionTouch
 * VisualFlow
 * Vivax
 * Vizaro

W

 * w.ear
 * wena
 * Walkman
 * WanBacker
 * WatchCam
 * WatchCorder
 * Watchman
 * WatchSensor
 * WAV Link
 * Wave Hawk
 * WaveHawk
 * WebSPF
 * WEGA
 * Wfine
 * What's Next Is Now
 * Where the Customer Is The One and Only
 * Where The Music Takes You
 * wisp.ear
 * WorkStation
 * World Band Radio
 * World Band Receiver
 * Worry Free
 * Worry Free Recording
 * Write ‘n Swipe

X

 * X tal Lock
 * X-tal Lock
 * XBR
 * XBR2
 * XBRITE
 * XDCAM
 * XPERIA
 * Xplōd
 * Xpri
 * XWIDE
 * XrossMediaBar

Y

 * Your Digital Key To Information

Z

 * Z505 SuperSlim Pro
 * Zero Footprint Design
 * Zero Lux Shot
 * Sony Ziris
 * Zoomeye

title: List of Sony trademarks


text:
Shlomo ibn Aderet

Shlomo ben Avraham ibn Aderet (שלמה בן אברהם אבן אדרת or Solomon son of Abraham son of Aderet) (1235 – 1310) was a medieval rabbi, halakhist, and Talmudist. He is widely known as the Rashba (Hebrew: ), the Hebrew acronym of his title and name: Rabbi Shlomo ben Avraham.

Aderet was born in Barcelona, Crown of Aragon, in 1235. He became a successful banker and leader of Spanish Jewry of his time. As a rabbinical authority his fame was such that he was designated as El Rab d'España ("The Rabbi of Spain"). He served as rabbi of the Main Synagogue of Barcelona for 50 years. He died in 1310.

Biography
Aderet's teachers were Nahmanides and Yonah Gerondi. He was a master in the study of the Talmud, and was not opposed to the Kabbala. Aderet was very active as a rabbi and as an author. Under his auspices and through his recommendation, part of the commentary on the Mishnah by Maimonides was translated from the Arabic into Hebrew. His Talmudic lectures were attended by throngs of disciples, many of whom came from distant places. Questions in great number, dealing with ritual, with the most varied topics of the Halakah, and with religious philosophy, were addressed to him from Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Germany, Moravia and even from Asia Minor.

Aderet's responsa to Moravia in the year 1255 represent the earliest ever recorded evidence of a permanent Jewish presence in Austerlitz and in Třešť, as well as one of earliest recorded Jewish sources for that region.

His responsa show evidence of wide reading, keen intelligence, and systematic thought. They also afford a clear insight into the communal life of the time, portraying Aderet's contemporaries, and are of value for the study not only of rabbinical procedure but also of the intellectual development of the age in which he lived. Only half of these responsa have been published, as they number three thousand.

Among his numerous students were Yom Tov Asevilli and Bahya ben Asher.

A manuscript purporting to be a certificate of indebtedness, dated 1262, in favor of a certain Solomon Adret, Jew of Barcelona, and a passport for the same Adret, dated 1269, are still extant.

Defense of Judaism
Aderet had to contend with the external enemies of Judaism, as well as with religious dissensions and excesses within its own ranks. He wrote a refutation of the charges of Raymond Martini, a Dominican friar of Barcelona, who, in his work, "Pugio Fidei," had collected passages from the Talmud and the Midrash and interpreted them in a manner hostile to Judaism. These charges also induced Aderet to write a commentary on the Haggadot, of which only a fragment is now extant. He refuted also the attacks of a Muslim who asserted that the priests had falsified the Bible. M. Schreiner has shown that this Muslim was Aḥmad ibn Ḥazm, and the book referred to was "Al-Milal wal-Niḥal" (Religions and Sects).

Aderet opposed also the increasing extravagances of the Kabbalists, who made great headway in Spain and were represented by Nissim ben Abraham of Avila, a pretended worker of miracles, and by Abraham Abulafia, the kabbalistic visionary. He combated these with vigor, but displayed no less animosity toward the philosophic-rationalistic conception of Judaism then prevailing, particularly in France, which was represented by Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim, who treated most important religious questions with the utmost freedom, and who was joined by the Spaniard Isaac Albalag and others.

Aderet and Abba Mari
Opposed to these was another tendency, the chief object of which was the preservation of the pure faith of Judaism. At the head of this movement stood Abba Mari ben Moses ha-Yarḥi. He appealed to Aderet for assistance. An extensive correspondence ensued between the authorities of southern France and northern Spain, Aderet taking a most important part. Afterward this correspondence was collected and published by Abba Mari, in a separate work, entitled "Minḥat Ḳenaot".

Aderet, whose disposition was peaceable, at first endeavored to conciliate the opposing spirits. Ultimately he was called upon to decide the affair, and on July 26, 1305, together with his colleagues of the rabbinate of Barcelona, he pronounced the ban of excommunication (ḥerem) over all who studied physics or metaphysics before the completion of their thirtieth year. A protest against this ban may be found in a poem in which Philosophy "calls out in a loud voice against . . . Solomon ben Adret and against all the rabbis of France . . . who have placed under the ban all people who approach her". Those who desired to study medicine as a profession were exempted from the ban. A special ban was pronounced against the rationalistic Bible exegetes and the philosophic Haggadah commentators, their writings and their adherents. The enforcing of these bans caused Aderet much trouble and embittered the closing years of his life. He left three sons, Isaac, Judah, and Astruc Solomon, all of whom were learned in the Talmud.

Maimonidean controversy
Aderet defended Maimonides during contemporary debates over his works, and he authorized the translation of Rambam's commentary on the Mishnah from Arabic to Hebrew.

Nevertheless, Aderet was opposed to the philosophic-rationalistic approach to Judaism often associated with Rambam, and he was part of the beth din (rabbinical court) in Barcelona that forbade men younger than 25 from studying secular philosophy or natural science, although an exception was made for those who studied medicine. On July 26, 1305, the Rashba wrote:

"In that city [Barcelona] are those who write iniquity about the Torah and if there would be a heretic writing books, they should be burnt as if they were the book of sorcerers."

Works
Of the works of Solomon ben Aderet there have appeared in print:
 * A manual on kashrut (dietary laws) and other religious laws that are observed at home, Torat haBayit haArokh (The Long Law of the House), published at Venice in 1607, at Berlin in 1762, at Vienna in 1811, etc.
 * The shorter manual, Torat haBayit haKatzar (The Short Law of the House), published at Cremona in 1565, and at Berlin in 1871. A number of his commentaries and novellae on Talmudic treatises have been printed.
 * Mishmeret HaBayit, a defense against Aharon HaLevi's critique of Torat HaBayit.
 * Sha'ar HaMayim, a work focusing on the laws of a mikveh (ritual bath).
 * Piskei Ḥallah (Decisions on Ḥallah), published at Constantinople in 1518, and at Jerusalem in 1876.
 * Avodat haKodesh (The Holy Service), on the laws of Sabbath and festivals, published at Venice in 1602.
 * His polemical work against Islam was edited by Perles, as an appendix to the latter's monograph on Aderet.

Talmud commentaries
His commentaries upon seven Talmudic treatises published at Constantinople in 1720, and at Berlin in 1756. Similar disquisitions upon five treatises were published at Venice in 1523 and at Amsterdam in 1715. He wrote besides a number of disquisitions upon single treatises. His Talmud commentaries are now known as Hiddushei HaRashba.

Not all commentaries traditionally attributed to Rashba were actually composed by him. Elchonon Wasserman stated that the commentary on Sukkah attributed to Rashba was actually written by Yom Tov Asevilli, the commentary on Ketubot was actually written by Nachmanides, and the commentary on Menachot was written by an unknown author other than Rashba. Yisrael Meir Kagan suggested that the commentary on Menachot was by Isaiah di Trani, while Israel Joshua Trunk argued that the author was Solomon ben Abraham of Montpellier.

Responsa
Aderet was considered an outstanding rabbinic authority, and more than 3,000 of his responsa are known to be extant. Questions were addressed to him from Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Germany, and even from Asia Minor. His responsa, which cover the entire gamut of Jewish life, are concise and widely quoted by halakhic authorities.

Aderet's responsa also illustrate his opposition to messianism and prophetic pretensions as a general phenomenon, with examples against Nissim ben Abraham and Abraham Abulafia.

His responsa were printed in Bologna (1539), Venice (1545), Hanau (1610), and other places. The second part of his responsa appeared under the title "Toledot Adam" (The Generations of Man) at Leghorn in 1657, the third part at the same place in 1778, the fourth part at Salonica in 1803, and the fifth part at Leghorn in 1825.

According to Elchonon Wasserman, some responsa attributed to Rashba were actually written by other authors, notably Meir of Rothenburg.

Academic genealogy
{{legend|lightgreen|Teachers}} {{legend|lightblue|Students}}

title: Shlomo ibn Aderet


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jesse Zymet

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 01:15, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)

Jesse Zymet
I could see if he won it but he didnt, Delete. --User:Boothy443 | comhrÚ 01:47, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Userfy to User:Terramax721 (contribs). Also, Image:Jesse.JPG should be listed on WP:IFD. Alphax (t) (c) (e) 04:16, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * A competitor in a spelling bee? D-e-l-e-t-e. Radiant! 10:46, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Finke River

Worlds oldest river?
It is stated in the article (as at 1 Jan 2007) that "Some scientists claim that the Finke River is the oldest river of the world", clearly taken from the quote that follows. However, while scientists (like Vic Baker) have said that this river is very old, I very much doubt that any scientist has ever said in the published scientific literature that the Finke River is the oldest river in the world. I grew up on the banks of the Finke River and am now a geologist, and have read most of the geological literature on the area, but I have never seen this stated in the professional scientific literature. However, it has been a popular tour bus driver story since as long as I can remember, and most locals assume it is scientific fact (something said often enough has a habit of becoming "fact"). Can anyone cite a credible reference? I'm planning to modify the article to reflect what I believe are the verifiable facts, though I think it's important to retain a mention to the oldest river myth because it is so widely known are believed. PeterWH 13:02, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, the rewrite is done with the best references I could find. If anyone finds the ultimate source of the 'oldest river' claim, I'd love to know. PeterWH 16:00, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Peter's point (that the Finke is unlikely to be the world's oldest river) may be correct, but the edit has two problems. The first is that it is original (unreferenced) research, which wikipedia is not supposed to contain. The second is that the argument is flawed. The Todd and other rivers nearby may be as old, but there is no obvious evidence of this - no clear incised meanders. And more generally, a river isn't necessarily old just because the mountain range it traverses is old, so the existence of older mountain ranges is irrelevant. What is required is evidence that the river is older than the mountain range. I would suggest that the article should instead simply state that the river is very old (which is clearly true and supported by the references) and that locals claim that it is the oldest in the world - which is also clearly true (that the locals claim this, not that it actually is) and supported by the references. Written that way, it will cast sufficient doubt that any sensible reader will recognise the obvious unlikelihood that anyone has the means to go off and date the age of every river in the world. 147.47.244.162 16:19, 10 January 2015 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 147.47.244.162 (talk)

 * I think that my rewrite with added recent citations covers this issue. Laterthanyouthink (talk) 04:28, 16 May 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Finke River


text:
Rashba

Rashba may refer to:

 * Shlomo ibn Aderet (1235–1310), medieval Jewish rabbi
 * Emmanuel Rashba, condensed matter physicist
 * Rashba effect, a spin-orbit coupling mechanism named after Emmanuel Rashba

title: Rashba


text:
Talk:Melchior Hofmann

I have found that we have two articles - Melchior Hoffman and Melchior Hofmann. I am moving the material here (1911) to the other article, and will try to work it in, and make this article a redirect. I have chosen the permanent article to be under "Hoffman". This seems to be the current preferred spelling; also no articles are linked to "Hofmann". - Rlvaughn 01:52, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Melchior Hofmann


text:
CTE

CTE may refer to:

Arts, entertainment, media

 * Central Television Enterprises, formerly Central Independent Television's international distributor, a predecessor of ITV Studios
 * Cross Technological Enterprises, a fictional high-tech firm in the Marvel Comics universe
 * CTE World (Corporate Thugz Entertainment), the record label of rapper Young Jeezy

Education

 * Career and technical education, programs of study primarily in high school generally intended to prepare students for vocational success (United States)

Medicine

 * Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a neurological disorder observed in people with repeat brain trauma
 * Computed tomography enterography, a medical imaging technique

Organizations

 * Churches Together in England, the national ecumenical instrument for churches in England
 * Confederación de Trabajadores del Ecuador, a trade union centre in Ecuador

Science, computing, risk management

 * Coefficient of thermal expansion, in thermal mechanics
 * Common table expression, a temporary named result set derived from a simple query in SQL
 * Conditional tail expectation, a valuation of risk management and insurance liability
 * Chunked transfer encoding, a streaming data transfer mechanism in HTTP

Transportation

 * Central Expressway, Singapore, a major highway
 * Compañía Transatlántica Española, a defunct Spanish passenger ocean line also called "The Spanish Line"
 * CTE, the IATA code for Cartí Airport in mainland Panama serving the Cartí Islands of the San Blas Islands
 * CTE, the ICAO airline designator for Air Tenglong, a defunct airline in China
 * CTE3, Havre Saint-Pierre Water Aerodrome, in Quebec, Canada
 * CTE5, Lac à la Perchaude Airport, a defunct airport in Quebec, Canada

Other

 * Critical Technology Element, assessed during an Analysis of Alternatives, a requirement of military acquisition policy in the United States
 * CTE Racing-HVM, former name of auto racing team Racing-HVM

title: CTE


text:
Talk:FMB

I created this article last night after looking up 'FMB'. There are precedents for both TLA articles (see the lists of all possible TLAs) and disambig pages where most options are not taken. I suspect Federation of Master Builders etc are worthy of articles, also. Delete if you must but please state your reasons.
 * I was the user who added the notice to the article. I withdraw my request for speedy delete at this time. This disambig page does not meet the criteria for speedy delete since at least one user is willing to spend time writing the individual articles. Irrespective of the quality of the individual articles (when they are all created), this is not a candidate for speedy deletion. Note to the user who created the disambig page: please write stubs (or more) for all the topics you mention in the disambig list. Thanks. -- Brhaspati (talk, contribs) 07:48, 2005 Feb 25 (UTC)

title: Talk:FMB


text:
Talk:Industrial unionism

Re: NPOV and global view
Hey I'm checking in on this page as part of the preparation for the February 2023 Organized Labour edit-a-thon and noticed you've been taking some time to bring this article into a Neutral Point of View and more in line with a global view on the subject. I just wanted to ask if you think there are still elements of POV that need scrubbing? If so, could you point these out? I can already see that the article is still very US-centric, although I do wonder how inevitable this is (from my understanding, the term "industrial unionism" is largely used in the English-speaking world, while "syndicalism" is more often used elsewhere).

In any case, thanks for all the effort you've put into improving this article. Your hard work is appreciated. -- Grnrchst (talk) 12:14, 31 January 2023 (UTC)

 * G'day Gren, and welcome to the page which my mind fears – where it short-circuits on how to exactly restructure this ******* ***** and ****** page layout of absolute ******* madness    (I think I've gone Troppo). All humour aside, the best way for the edit-a-thon to magically-guess-my-mind is through a checklist. Full disclaimer, this my list of problems, and it is by no means exhaustive or even actual problems, just the ones I personally see.
 * NPOV Problems
 * In the history section there are multiple references to scab (term needs clarification for the readersYes, I'm a Newspaper editor now, sue me) workers, strikes, and general messaging in a manner that suggests an underlying bias (i.e. too friendly to workers). Nothing too major, we just need to flatten out the language. I mean the sentiment is nice, but NPOV.
 * I'm tired, I'll add more in the morning
 * US-Centric Problems
 * History: I don't know if there was parallel movements, because if there is not I'm fine with a focus on the US for the early history of industrial but not until the end of the section. As far as I'm concerned, as soon as the IWW hit Australia around late 19th early 20th century the article history should expand globally
 * From there some of the history could be switched down to the US country section.
 * Additionally, I learnt afterwards that this is slightly against regulations, but at User:IronBattalion/Industrial unionism is the old history before I truly started cutting at the history. It has been blanked, but it is easier access going through that page history than this one, and some of that content could be transferred.
 * The philosophy section is purely US focused with no examples pulled globally at all
 * fife mor minutes... no mother I van ti sleep
 * Structural Problems
 * The intro needs to be expanded (I would recommend it last, since we don't know what's on the page at the end of this)
 * The philosophy, revolutionary, and political section is awkwardly jammed in that place
 * stop readin... its unfinisged
 * Most of these problems can be attributed to one editor (the originator of the page) who has sadly passed. I say this because, while his bias did lead to a US-centric and non-NPOV article, I'm grateful that I just have to edit down the structure, rather add more content because I just wouldn't have the patience and passion. He should be acknowledged for his excellent effort for starting and building the flawed but excellent page, and as much as I would like to criticise the layout–but then again I do that for a lot of pages–I've seen worse.
 * On a Final Point of Order, something's been bothering me, something massive... however I just feel it can't be emoted with just text though, this has to be addressed in... passive-aggressive tone!! *dramatic music*. In all seriousness, this is a petty correction though: As far as I understand it, Syndicalism is not industrial unionism. Syndicalism wants to reshape societal, political and economic structures based upon pseudo-corporatist industrial unions (think a very different sort of Communism). This is while industrial unionism aims to combine all workers of an industry into one union, economic and political structures be damned.
 * P.S. This is my Post-Pledge Pledge:
 * For the Strike, For Solidarity, For Labour, For Wikiproject:Organised Labour
 * – IronBattalion (talk) 14:23, 31 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Industrial unionism


text:
Talk:Melchior Hoffman

Untitled
I have found that we have two articles - Melchior Hoffman and Melchior Hofmann. I am moving the 1911 material here, and will try to work it in, and make the other article a redirect. I have chosen the permanent article to be under "Hoffman". This seems to be the current preferred spelling; also no articles are linked to "Hofmann". - Rlvaughn 01:52, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Editing needed!
This article needs work on the english style, also to check the spelling of the cities involved and making sure they link correctly.

Disambiguation
There is also a Melchior Hoffmann, a pupil of JS Bach's (poss. c.1679-1715) one of whose cantatas was mistaken for his teacher's, I believe (listening to it now. BWV 189.) Probably some wrong links to this article because of the confusion (unless there's a disambiguation page I missed.) Schissel | Sound the Note! 12:00, 13 June 2009 (UTC)

Interessant?
- mfg, 80.187.109.17 25. nov 2009, 11:36 (CET) (Gregor Helms) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.187.109.17 (talk) 10:39, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

 * I've added it to the article. The German language labels are not ideal, but most people should get the idea. ✤ JonHarder talk 23:49, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

Alleged Valentinianism
1911 the claims that Melchior Hoffman had a Valentinian Christology might have been in order, but today we know so much of Valentinus and the gnostic Valentinianism — the Nag Hammadi library — that the allegation just becomes pretty much absurd and preposterous, unless we can find some academic guy still claiming this weird allegation... Rursus dixit. ( m bork3 !) 13:41, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Melchior Hoffman


text:
Heaven and Hell (essay)

Heaven and Hell is a philosophical essay by Aldous Huxley published in 1956. Huxley derived the title from William Blake's book The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. The essay discusses the relationship between bright, colorful objects, geometric designs, psychoactives, art, and profound experience. Heaven and Hell metaphorically refer to what Huxley conceives to be two contrary mystical experiences that potentially await when one opens the "doors of perception"—not only in a mystical experience, but in prosaic life.

Huxley uses the term antipodes to describe the "regions of the mind" that one can reach via meditation, vitamin deficiencies, self-flagellation, fasting, sleep deprivation, or (most effectively, he says) with the aid of certain chemical substances like LSD or mescaline. Essentially, Huxley defines these "antipodes" of the mind as mental states that one may reach when certain parts of one's brain are disabled (namely the parts associated with filtering information and signals entering the brain) and can then be conscious of certain "regions of the mind" that one would otherwise never be able to pay attention to, due to the lack of biological/utilitarian usefulness. Huxley states that while these states of mind are biologically useless, they are nonetheless spiritually significant, and furthermore, are the singular 'regions' of the mind from which all religions are derived. For example, he says that the Medieval Christians frequently experienced "visions" of Heaven and Hell during the winter, when their diets were severely hampered by lack of critical nutrients in their food supplies (vitamin B, vitamin C)—these people frequently contracted Scurvy and other deficiencies, causing them to hallucinate. He also said that Christians and other religions fast in order to make themselves delirious, thus inducing visions and views of these "antipodes of the mind". Today, Huxley says people can reach these states of mind without harm to their bodies with the aid of certain drugs. Essentially, Huxley says this state of mind allows a person to be conscious of things that would not normally concern him because they have nothing to do with the typical concerns of the world.

In his earlier narrative The Doors of Perception (1954), Huxley recounted in detail his first experience of mescaline.

Editions

 * The Doors of Perception and Heaven and Hell, 1954, 1956, Harper & Brothers (US); Chatto & Windus (UK)
 * 1977 Harpercollins (UK), mass market paperback: ISBN 0-586-04437-X
 * 1990 Harper Perennial edition: ISBN 0-06-090007-5
 * 2004 Harper Modern Classics edition: ISBN 0-06-059518-3
 * 2004 Sagebrush library binding: ISBN 1-4176-2859-6

title: Heaven and Hell (essay)