text:
Magnetic core

A magnetic core is a piece of magnetic material with a high magnetic permeability used to confine and guide magnetic fields in electrical, electromechanical and magnetic devices such as electromagnets, transformers, electric motors, generators, inductors, loudspeakers, magnetic recording heads, and magnetic assemblies. It is made of ferromagnetic metal such as iron, or ferrimagnetic compounds such as ferrites. The high permeability, relative to the surrounding air, causes the magnetic field lines to be concentrated in the core material. The magnetic field is often created by a current-carrying coil of wire around the core.

The use of a magnetic core can increase the strength of magnetic field in an electromagnetic coil by a factor of several hundred times what it would be without the core. However, magnetic cores have side effects which must be taken into account. In alternating current (AC) devices they cause energy losses, called core losses, due to hysteresis and eddy currents in applications such as transformers and inductors. "Soft" magnetic materials with low coercivity and hysteresis, such as silicon steel, or ferrite, are usually used in cores.

[[Image:Electromagnet with gap.svg|thumb|upright=1.7|Magnetic field ( green ) created by a current-carrying winding (red) in a typical magnetic core transformer or inductor, with the iron core C forming a closed loop, possibly with air gaps G in it. The drawing shows a section through the core. The purpose of the core is to provide a closed high [[permeability (electromagnetism)|permeability]] path for the magnetic field lines.

B – magnetic field in the core will be approximately constant across any cross section

BF – "fringing fields". In the gaps G the magnetic field lines "bulge" out, so the field strength is less than in the core: BF < B

BL – leakage flux; magnetic field lines which don't follow complete magnetic circuit

]]

Core materials
An electric current through a wire wound into a coil creates a magnetic field through the center of the coil, due to Ampere's circuital law. Coils are widely used in electronic components such as electromagnets, inductors, transformers, electric motors and generators. A coil without a magnetic core is called an "air core" coil. Adding a piece of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material in the center of the coil can increase the magnetic field by hundreds or thousands of times; this is called a magnetic core. The field of the wire penetrates the core material, magnetizing it, so that the strong magnetic field of the core adds to the field created by the wire. The amount that the magnetic field is increased by the core depends on the magnetic permeability of the core material. Because side effects such as eddy currents and hysteresis can cause frequency-dependent energy losses, different core materials are used for coils used at different frequencies.

In some cases the losses are undesirable and with very strong fields saturation can be a problem, and an 'air core' is used. A former may still be used; a piece of material, such as plastic or a composite, that may not have any significant magnetic permeability but which simply holds the coils of wires in place.

Soft iron
"Soft" (annealed) iron is used in magnetic assemblies, direct current (DC) electromagnets and in some electric motors; and it can create a concentrated field that is as much as 50,000 times more intense than an air core.

Iron is desirable to make magnetic cores, as it can withstand high levels of magnetic field without saturating (up to 2.16 teslas at ambient temperature. )  Annealed iron is used because, unlike "hard" iron, it has low coercivity and so does not remain magnetised when the field is removed, which is often important in applications where the magnetic field is required to be repeatedly switched.

Due to the electrical conductivity of the metal, when a solid one-piece metal core is used in alternating current (AC) applications such as transformers and inductors, the changing magnetic field induces large eddy currents circulating within it, closed loops of electric current in planes perpendicular to the field. The current flowing through the resistance of the metal heats it by Joule heating, causing significant power losses. Therefore, solid iron cores are not used in transformers or inductors, they are replaced by laminated or powdered iron cores, or nonconductive cores like ferrite.

Laminated silicon steel

In order to reduce the eddy current losses mentioned above, most low frequency power transformers and inductors use laminated cores, made of stacks of thin sheets of silicon steel:

Lamination

Laminated magnetic cores are made of stacks of thin iron sheets coated with an insulating layer, lying as much as possible parallel with the lines of flux. The layers of insulation serve as a barrier to eddy currents, so eddy currents can only flow in narrow loops within the thickness of each single lamination. Since the current in an eddy current loop is proportional to the area of the loop, this prevents most of the current from flowing, reducing eddy currents to a very small level. Since power dissipated is proportional to the square of the current, breaking a large core into narrow laminations reduces the power losses drastically. From this, it can be seen that the thinner the laminations, the lower the eddy current losses.

Silicon alloying
A small addition of silicon to iron (around 3%) results in a dramatic increase of the resistivity of the metal, up to four times higher. The higher resistivity reduces the eddy currents, so silicon steel is used in transformer cores. Further increase in silicon concentration impairs the steel's mechanical properties, causing difficulties for rolling due to brittleness.

Among the two types of silicon steel, grain-oriented (GO) and grain non-oriented (GNO), GO is most desirable for magnetic cores. It is anisotropic, offering better magnetic properties than GNO in one direction. As the magnetic field in inductor and transformer cores is always along the same direction, it is an advantage to use grain oriented steel in the preferred orientation. Rotating machines, where the direction of the magnetic field can change, gain no benefit from grain-oriented steel.

Special alloys
A family of specialized alloys exists for magnetic core applications. Examples are mu-metal, permalloy, and supermalloy. They can be manufactured as stampings or as long ribbons for tape wound cores. Some alloys, e.g. Sendust, are manufactured as powder and sintered to shape.

Many materials require careful heat treatment to reach their magnetic properties, and lose them when subjected to mechanical or thermal abuse. For example, the permeability of mu-metal increases about 40 times after annealing in hydrogen atmosphere in a magnetic field; subsequent sharper bends disrupt its grain alignment, leading to localized loss of permeability; this can be regained by repeating the annealing step.

Vitreous metal
Amorphous metal is a variety of alloys (e.g. Metglas) that are non-crystalline or glassy. These are being used to create high-efficiency transformers. The materials can be highly responsive to magnetic fields for low hysteresis losses, and they can also have lower conductivity to reduce eddy current losses. Power utilities are currently making widespread use of these transformers for new installations. High mechanical strength and corrosion resistance are also common properties of metallic glasses which are positive for this application.

Powdered metals
Powder cores consist of metal grains mixed with a suitable organic or inorganic binder, and pressed to desired density. Higher density is achieved with higher pressure and lower amount of binder. Higher density cores have higher permeability, but lower resistance and therefore higher losses due to eddy currents. Finer particles allow operation at higher frequencies, as the eddy currents are mostly restricted to within the individual grains. Coating of the particles with an insulating layer, or their separation with a thin layer of a binder, lowers the eddy current losses. Presence of larger particles can degrade high-frequency performance. Permeability is influenced by the spacing between the grains, which form distributed air gap; the less gap, the higher permeability and the less-soft saturation. Due to large difference of densities, even a small amount of binder, weight-wise, can significantly increase the volume and therefore intergrain spacing.

Lower permeability materials are better suited for higher frequencies, due to balancing of core and winding losses.

The surface of the particles is often oxidized and coated with a phosphate layer, to provide them with mutual electrical insulation.

Iron
Powdered iron is the cheapest material. It has higher core loss than the more advanced alloys, but this can be compensated for by making the core bigger; it is advantageous where cost is more important than mass and size. Saturation flux of about 1 to 1.5 tesla. Relatively high hysteresis and eddy current loss, operation limited to lower frequencies (approx. below 100 kHz). Used in energy storage inductors, DC output chokes, differential mode chokes, triac regulator chokes, chokes for power factor correction, resonant inductors, and pulse and flyback transformers.

The binder used is usually epoxy or other organic resin, susceptible to thermal aging. At higher temperatures, typically above 125 °C, the binder degrades and the core magnetic properties may change. With more heat-resistant binders the cores can be used up to 200 °C.

Iron powder cores are most commonly available as toroids. Sometimes as E, EI, and rods or blocks, used primarily in high-power and high-current parts.

Carbonyl iron is significantly more expensive than hydrogen-reduced iron.

Carbonyl iron
Powdered cores made of carbonyl iron, a highly pure iron, have high stability of parameters across a wide range of temperatures and magnetic flux levels, with excellent Q factors between 50 kHz and 200 MHz. Carbonyl iron powders are basically constituted of micrometer-size spheres of iron coated in a thin layer of electrical insulation. This is equivalent to a microscopic laminated magnetic circuit (see silicon steel, above), hence reducing the eddy currents, particularly at very high frequencies. Carbonyl iron has lower losses than hydrogen-reduced iron, but also lower permeability.

A popular application of carbonyl iron-based magnetic cores is in high-frequency and broadband inductors and transformers, especially higher power ones.

Carbonyl iron cores are often called "RF cores".

The as-prepared particles, "E-type"and have onion-like skin, with concentric shells separated with a gap. They contain significant amount of carbon. They behave as much smaller than what their outer size would suggest. The "C-type" particles can be prepared by heating the E-type ones in hydrogen atmosphere at 400 °C for prolonged time, resulting in carbon-free powders.

Hydrogen-reduced iron
Powdered cores made of hydrogen reduced iron have higher permeability but lower Q than carbonyl iron. They are used mostly for electromagnetic interference filters and low-frequency chokes, mainly in switched-mode power supplies.

Hydrogen-reduced iron cores are often called "power cores".

MPP (molypermalloy)
An alloy of about 2% molybdenum, 81% nickel, and 17% iron. Very low core loss, low hysteresis and therefore low signal distortion. Very good temperature stability. High cost. Maximum saturation flux of about 0.8 tesla. Used in high-Q filters, resonant circuits, loading coils, transformers, chokes, etc.

The material was first introduced in 1940, used in loading coils to compensate capacitance in long telephone lines. It is usable up to about 200 kHz to 1 MHz, depending on vendor. It is still used in above-ground telephone lines, due to its temperature stability. Underground lines, where temperature is more stable, tend to use ferrite cores due to their lower cost.

High-flux (Ni-Fe)
An alloy of about 50–50% of nickel and iron. High energy storage, saturation flux density of about 1.5 tesla. Residual flux density near zero. Used in applications with high DC current bias (line noise filters, or inductors in switching regulators) or where low residual flux density is needed (e.g. pulse and flyback transformers, the high saturation is suitable for unipolar drive), especially where space is constrained. The material is usable up to about 200 kHz.

Sendust, KoolMU
An alloy of 6% aluminium, 9% silicon, and 85% iron. Core losses higher than MPP. Very low magnetostriction, makes low audio noise. Loses inductance with increasing temperature, unlike the other materials; can be exploited by combining with other materials as a composite core, for temperature compensation. Saturation flux of about 1 tesla. Good temperature stability. Used in switching power supplies, pulse and flyback transformers, in-line noise filters, swing chokes, and in filters in phase-fired controllers (e.g. dimmers) where low acoustic noise is important.

Absence of nickel results in easier processing of the material and its lower cost than both high-flux and MPP.

The material was invented in Japan in 1936. It is usable up to about 500 kHz to 1 MHz, depending on vendor.

Nanocrystalline
A nanocrystalline alloy of a standard iron-boron-silicon alloy, with addition of smaller amounts of copper and niobium. The grain size of the powder reaches down to 10–100 nanometers. The material has very good performance at lower frequencies. It is used in chokes for inverters and in high power applications. It is available under names like e.g. Nanoperm, Vitroperm, Hitperm and Finemet.

Ferrite
Ferrite ceramics are used for high-frequency applications. The ferrite materials can be engineered with a wide range of parameters. As ceramics, they are essentially insulators, which prevents eddy currents, although losses such as hysteresis losses can still occur.

Air
A coil not containing a magnetic core is called an air core. This includes coils wound on a plastic or ceramic form in addition to those made of stiff wire that are self-supporting and have air inside them. Air core coils generally have a much lower inductance than similarly sized ferromagnetic core coils, but are used in radio frequency circuits to prevent energy losses called core losses that occur in magnetic cores. The absence of normal core losses permits a higher Q factor, so air core coils are used in high frequency resonant circuits, such as up to a few megahertz. However, losses such as proximity effect and dielectric losses are still present. Air cores are also used when field strengths above around 2 Tesla are required as they are not subject to saturation.

Straight cylindrical rod
Most commonly made of ferrite or powdered iron, and used in radios especially for tuning an inductor. The coil is wound around the rod, or a coil form with the rod inside. Moving the rod in or out of the coil changes the flux through the coil, and can be used to adjust the inductance. Often the rod is threaded to allow adjustment with a screwdriver. In radio circuits, a blob of wax or resin is used once the inductor has been tuned to prevent the core from moving.

The presence of the high permeability core increases the inductance, but the magnetic field lines must still pass through the air from one end of the rod to the other. The air path ensures that the inductor remains linear. In this type of inductor radiation occurs at the end of the rod and electromagnetic interference may be a problem in some circumstances.

Single "I" core
Like a cylindrical rod but is square, rarely used on its own. This type of core is most likely to be found in car ignition coils.

"C" or "U" core
U and C-shaped cores are used with I or another C or U core to make a square closed core, the simplest closed core shape. Windings may be put on one or both legs of the core.

"E" core
E-shaped core are more symmetric solutions to form a closed magnetic system. Most of the time, the electric circuit is wound around the center leg, whose section area is twice that of each individual outer leg. In 3-phase transformer cores, the legs are of equal size, and all three legs are wound.

"E" and "I" core
Sheets of suitable iron stamped out in shapes like the (sans-serif) letters "E" and "I", are stacked with the "I" against the open end of the "E" to form a 3-legged structure. Coils can be wound around any leg, but usually the center leg is used. This type of core is frequently used for power transformers, autotransformers, and inductors.

Pair of "E" cores
Again used for iron cores. Similar to using an "E" and "I" together, a pair of "E" cores will accommodate a larger coil former and can produce a larger inductor or transformer. If an air gap is required, the centre leg of the "E" is shortened so that the air gap sits in the middle of the coil to minimize fringing and reduce electromagnetic interference.

Planar core
A planar core consists of two flat pieces of magnetic material, one above and one below the coil. It is typically used with a flat coil that is part of a printed circuit board. This design is excellent for mass production and allows a high power, small volume transformer to be constructed for low cost. It is not as ideal as either a pot core or toroidal core but costs less to produce.

Pot core
Usually ferrite or similar. This is used for inductors and transformers. The shape of a pot core is round with an internal hollow that almost completely encloses the coil. Usually a pot core is made in two halves which fit together around a coil former (bobbin). This design of core has a shielding effect, preventing radiation and reducing electromagnetic interference.

Toroidal core
This design is based on a toroid (the same shape as a doughnut). The coil is wound through the hole in the torus and around the outside. An ideal coil is distributed evenly all around the circumference of the torus. The symmetry of this geometry creates a magnetic field of circular loops inside the core, and the lack of sharp bends will constrain virtually all of the field to the core material. This not only makes a highly efficient transformer, but also reduces the electromagnetic interference radiated by the coil.

It is popular for applications where the desirable features are: high specific power per mass and volume, low mains hum, and minimal electromagnetic interference. One such application is the power supply for a hi-fi audio amplifier. The main drawback that limits their use for general purpose applications is the inherent difficulty of winding wire through the center of a torus.

Unlike a split core (a core made of two elements, like a pair of E cores), specialized machinery is required for automated winding of a toroidal core. Toroids have less audible noise, such as mains hum, because the magnetic forces do not exert bending moment on the core. The core is only in compression or tension, and the circular shape is more stable mechanically.

Ring or bead
The ring is essentially identical in shape and performance to the toroid, except that inductors commonly pass only through the center of the core, without wrapping around the core multiple times.

The ring core may also be composed of two separate C-shaped hemispheres secured together within a plastic shell, permitting it to be placed on finished cables with large connectors already installed, that would prevent threading the cable through the small inner diameter of a solid ring.

AL value
The AL value of a core configuration is frequently specified by manufacturers. The relationship between inductance and AL number in the linear portion of the magnetisation curve is defined to be:

 * $$L = n^2 A_L$$

where n is the number of turns, L is the inductance (e.g. in nH) and AL is expressed in inductance per turn squared (e.g. in nH/n2).

Core loss
When the core is subjected to a changing magnetic field, as it is in devices that use AC current such as transformers, inductors, and AC motors and alternators, some of the power that would ideally be transferred through the device is lost in the core, dissipated as heat and sometimes noise. Core loss is commonly termed iron loss in contradistinction to copper loss, the loss in the windings. Iron losses are often described as being in three categories:

Hysteresis losses
When the magnetic field through the core changes, the magnetization of the core material changes by expansion and contraction of the tiny magnetic domains it is composed of, due to movement of the domain walls. This process causes losses, because the domain walls get "snagged" on defects in the crystal structure and then "snap" past them, dissipating energy as heat. This is called hysteresis loss. It can be seen in the graph of the B field versus the H field for the material, which has the form of a closed loop. The net energy that flows into the inductor expressed in relationship to the B-H characteristic of the core is shown by the equation
 * $$W=\int{\left(nA_c\frac{dB(t)}{t}\right)\left(\frac{H(t)l_m}{n}\right)dt}=(A_cl_m)\int{HdB}$$

This equation shows that the amount of energy lost in the material in one cycle of the applied field is proportional to the area inside the hysteresis loop. Since the energy lost in each cycle is constant, hysteresis power losses increase proportionally with frequency. The final equation for the hysteresis power loss is
 * $$P_H=(f)(A_cl_m)\int{HdB}$$

Eddy-current losses
If the core is electrically conductive, the changing magnetic field induces circulating loops of current in it, called eddy currents, due to electromagnetic induction. The loops flow perpendicular to the magnetic field axis. The energy of the currents is dissipated as heat in the resistance of the core material. The power loss is proportional to the area of the loops and inversely proportional to the resistivity of the core material. Eddy current losses can be reduced by making the core out of thin laminations which have an insulating coating, or alternatively, making the core of a magnetic material with high electrical resistance, like ferrite. Most magnetic cores intended for power converter application use ferrite cores for this reason.

Anomalous losses
By definition, this category includes any losses in addition to eddy-current and hysteresis losses. This can also be described as broadening of the hysteresis loop with frequency. Physical mechanisms for anomalous loss include localized eddy-current effects near moving domain walls.

Legg's equation
An equation known as Legg's equation models the magnetic material core loss at low flux densities. The equation has three loss components: hysteresis, residual, and eddy current,  and it is given by

 * $$\frac{R_{\text{ac}}}{\mu L} = a B_{\text{max}} f + c f + e f^2$$

where

 * $$R_{ac}$$ is the effective core loss resistance (ohms),
 * $$\mu$$ is the material permeability,
 * $$L$$ is the inductance (henrys),
 * $$a$$ is the hysteresis loss coefficient,
 * $$B_{\text{max}}$$ is the maximum flux density (gauss),
 * $$c$$ is the residual loss coefficient,
 * $$f$$ is the frequency (hertz), and
 * is the eddy loss coefficient.

Steinmetz coefficients
Losses in magnetic materials can be characterized by the Steinmetz coefficients, which however do not take into account temperature variability. Material manufacturers provide data on core losses in tabular and graphical form for practical conditions of use.

title: Magnetic core


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vigilante soc.

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 15:45, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Vigilante soc.
Secret societies are unverifiable. Uncle G 12:25, 2005 Feb 17 (UTC)
 * Unnotable student shenannigans. Delete - TB 14:17, 2005 Feb 17 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trilobite (Talk) 14:46, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Thue | talk 18:14, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. -- Antaeus Feldspar 21:30, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/S.h.a.g.

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 15:48, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

S.h.a.g.
Secret societies are unverifiable. Uncle G 12:26, 2005 Feb 17 (UTC)
 * Also usually (and in this case) very limited in scope and notability. Vanity page, delete. Radiant! 12:47, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Unnotable student shenannigans. Delete - TB 14:16, 2005 Feb 17 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trilobite (Talk) 14:46, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Thue | talk 18:13, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. -- Antaeus Feldspar 21:35, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Arabic language television channels in Africa

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS. dbenbenn | talk 23:39, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

List of Arabic language television channels in Africa
Anything titled 'list of TV channels in ' would be pretty pointless. Radiant! 12:30, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. tho it probably does take more than one entry to qualify as a list. Nateji77 14:32, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Worse than the average list in that this one only has one item. Totally useless to anyone as it stands. Trilobite (Talk) 14:47, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Have to go along with Radiant! ... can you imagine "List of English language television channels in North America"? Especially with only one entry? HyperZonktalk 17:34, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with List of Arabic language television channels in the Middle East into a single List of Arabic language television channels. — RJH 20:02, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, pointless useless list. Megan1967 23:26, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, per RJH -- Jmabel | Talk 03:25, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unmaintainable. JamesBurns 10:42, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per RJH. —Korath (Talk) 14:05, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
MiWay

MiWay (stylized MiWay), also known as Mississauga Transit and originally as Mississauga Transit Systems, is the municipal public transport agency serving Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, and is responsible to the city's Transportation and Works Department. MiWay services consist of two types of bus routes: MiLocal, local buses that make frequent stops, and MiExpress, express buses between major destinations. MiWay is the primary operator along the Mississauga Transitway, a dedicated east–west bus-only roadway.

MiWay's routes connect with GO Transit along with Brampton Transit to the north, Oakville Transit to the southwest, Milton Transit to the northwest, Toronto Transit Commission to the east and York Region Transit to the northeast.

MiWay is a member of the Canadian Urban Transit Association. In 2013, MiWay's annual ridership was 35.8million passengers, with more than 50.9million boardings.

History
Public transit in Mississauga was first operated by Charterways Limited as Mississauga Transit Systems with four buses in 1969. It was acquired by the city's newly formed Mississauga Transit in 1974, incorporating the former towns of Mississauga, Port Credit and Streetsville. Services began on November 1, 1973.

It later acquired routes formerly operated by others, such as;
 * The Toronto Transit Commission's (TTC) 74 Port Credit bus, in February 1976, that had operated on Lakeshore Road from Long Branch since 1935. This succeeded a former interurban railway, dating back to 1892 as the Toronto and Mimico Electric Railway and Light Company.
 * Gray Coach Lines, and later GO Transit, also served intercity routes on Dundas Street, and Hurontario Street, both being semi-rural provincial highways before the construction of present freeways such as Highways 401, 403, and 410.
 * Malton was served by the TTC's contracted 58 Malton bus until 2014, when the route was replaced by the TTC's 52 Lawrence West route. Local services in Malton were provided since 1969 and expanded after 1973.

In the late 1990s, a growing number of Mississauga Transit buses using Burnhamthorpe Road in Toronto to reach Islington subway station were causing congestion while not serving local Toronto residents along the route. This led to a resident blockade in an incident known as "the Battle of the Buses". During the political dispute between Toronto and Mississauga city councils, the TTC commissioners responded by blocking Mississauga Transit buses from using Islington station's transit terminal from 1998 to 2001 when a compromise was reached.

Mississauga Transit was rebranded MiWay on October 4, 2010. New MiWay-branded hybrid buses entered service, with orange MiLocal buses on local routes and blue MiExpress buses on express routes. Advertisements were placed on buses and shelters in September 2010 to introduce users to the new branding. Older buses using the old logo would continue to be used until they are decommissioned. Service levels did not change with the rebranding.

The reason for the company's new name is twofold: "Mi" could be interpreted as standing for Mississauga, and it is also a homophone for "My", suggesting possession.

By December 1, 2011, MiWay's bus fleet was fully low-floor and accessible. As of October 22, 2012, bus stop pads have been put at all MiWay bus stops. This allowed the entire system to become fully accessible.

Beginning in 2016, the City of Mississauga's logo was updated, and most buses (needing to go in for repairs), had the new logo applied over the old one, and all buses ordered from 2016 onwards had the new city logo.

On April 29, 2019, 24-hour service was introduced on four bus routes.

On October 23, 2023, MiWay began phasing out the blue buses in their fleet, repainting them into the Orange scheme. MiWay did this, whilst in the process of taking out the older Blue Express buses (The 2010 D60LFRs), out of service. MiWay then began expanding the number of new, orange hybrid-electric buses that provided service in their fleet.

Local Transit
MiWay operates over 50 fixed-route bus routes. Services are divided into three categories, local, express, and high school routes. Express routes are branded separately as MiExpress using buses in a turquoise livery. All buses and routes are wheelchair-accessible.

TTC-contracted routes
One Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) route, 52B/52D Lawrence West, is operated by the TTC contracted on behalf of the City of Mississauga. The fare payment method is the same as for regular MiWay buses; via a Presto card, contactless, or cash. As a result of the provincial One Fare program, transfers between the two systems are now free, and a second fare is no longer charged for passengers riding to or from Toronto provided that the customer uses Presto, credit or debit card within 2 hours of paying the initial fare.

From 2002 to 2010, another route 32B Eglinton West, operated to Explorer Drive in a similar arrangement.

Bus rapid transit
The Mississauga Transitway is a mostly grade-separated twelve-stop bus rapid transit (BRT) line running across Mississauga East-West alongside or on Highway 403 and Eglinton Avenue, passing through the City Centre. MiExpress services as well as GO Transit regional bus services utilise the transitway. The line also connects to buses to Pearson Airport at Renforth station.

Accessibility
MiWay operates low-floor, wheelchair-accessible buses. The last high-floor bus was retired on December 1, 2011. A separate transit service for the disabled called Transhelp is operated by the Peel Regional Municipality.

Schedules
Mississauga Transit's paper "Ride Schedules" were discontinued in 2004. From 2005 onward, all timetables were only available from the system's website.

Schedules and trip planning are available via Triplinx, a Metrolinx-provided tool for transit services in the GTHA

Fares
MiWay's cash fare is $4.25 for riders aged 13 to 64 and $1.00 for riders aged 65 and older with valid senior photo identification. Customers can also pay their MiWay bus fare by credit card and the current adult cash fare price is deducted. Presto cards have been accepted throughout the entire MiWay system since May 30, 2011. Since July 29, 2019, riders can also use their Presto cards to pay both their MiWay and Toronto Transit Commission fares on TTC-operated bus routes 52B and 52D. Credit and debit cards including those loaded on mobile wallets are accepted on the Presto reader as of August 11, 2022. A fare of $4.25 is deducted (regardless of age). Children ages 0 to 12 can ride all MiWay bus routes fare-free by travelling with a fare-paying customer. Children travelling alone, even though they can ride fare-free, must tap on with their "child" Presto card on the Presto fare device when boarding.

Cash-paying customers can ask the bus driver for a printed paper transfer after depositing a cash fare into the fare box. For customers paying a single-ride fare by Presto card or credit or debit card, an electronic transfer is automatically stored on their card after their initial tap-on.

Transfers are valid for two hours in any direction, including transfers to and from Brampton Transit, Oakville Transit, Milton Transit, York Regional Transit services from the time of issue. Additionally customers who pay their fares by Presto, credit or debit card can also transfer between MiWay and Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) services for free within 2 hours of paying the initial fare. However this does not apply to paper transfers.

Presto programs
In 2007, MiWay was the first test site for the new Presto card; Presto was adopted across the entire MiWay system in May 2011. Since launching the Presto card in Mississauga, MiWay has issued more than 9,000 cards; as of 2012, they were being used for more than 2.4million trips within the system. MiWay offers two programs exclusively for Presto cardholders:
 * GO Transit co-fare: Since March 14, 2022, Customers who pay their fares by Presto or contactless credit and debit card and transfer from GO Transit onto connecting MiWay buses get free admission so long as the customer swipes a Presto, credit or debit card on the Presto fare readers onto the connecting MiWay bus within the 3-hour transfer window. Passengers transferring from MiWay to GO Transit services will also be reimbursed the difference between the MiWay fare and the co-fare upon disembarking from GO Transit.

 * Loyalty program (weekly fare capping): When Presto cardholders have paid for 12 regular MiWay fares in a calendar week, they are able to ride for free for the rest of the week. This program does not cover GO Transit co-fares and fares paid on other systems. The weekly ride count resets to zero on Mondays.

Smart Commute discount program
MiWay also offers discounted adult transit passes to employees of the members of Smart Commute Mississauga and Smart Commute Pearson Airport Area. Transit passes are automatically paid by payroll deduction.

Operations
Operations are funded by the city's municipal government, which allocates tax revenues to the transit operator. In 2022, the city allocated almost $90 million for Miway's budget.

MiWay's bus drivers, garage maintenance, and service workers are represented by Amalgamated Transit Union Local 1572

Transit Enforcement Services
Mississauga Transit Enforcement Officers are members of the City's Corporate Security Team. They are designated as Municipal Law Enforcement Officers and are responsible for:

 * Patrolling the MiWay system
 * Maintaining the integrity of the fare system by conducting inspections in fare-access areas
 * Deterring crime and anti-social behaviour
 * Maintaining a presence at City Centre Transit Terminal
 * Providing customer service throughout the system
 * Providing emergency first aid where applicable
 * Enforcing City of Mississauga Transit By-Law 425-03 on Transit properties
 * Liaising with other Transit Enforcement Agencies (Metrolinx Special Constables, TTC Special Constables)

Officers can be identified by their dark coloured uniforms that bare the crest of a Mississauga Municipal Law Enforcement Officer. Their fleet consists of Ford Escape Hybrids with the MiWay corporate logo and "Transit Enforcement" written on all sides.

June 2023 bus crash
On June 8th 2023, a MiWay bus was involved in an multi-vehicle collision that killed one person and injured 8 others. The crash occurred at Derry Rd and Rexwood. Video evidence showed the bus running into a lane of cars waiting at a red light from behind. The operator of the bus was immediately placed on leave following the incident, and was charged with dangerous operation causing death in October 2023.

September 2022 Maintenance Incident
On September 17th 2022, a maintenance worker was critically injured at the E.J. Dowling Transit Facility. The worker was taken to Credit Valley Hospital but did not survive. The worker had been performing maintenance on a bus prior to being pinned by a bus and fatally injured.

Transitway stations
For more information on the transitway, see the Bus rapid transit section. All MiWay routes are wheelchair-accessible.

Terminals and junctions
All MiWay routes are wheelchair-accessible.

 * † : September to April only

GO Transit stations
All MiWay routes are wheelchair-accessible.

Light rail transit
Mississauga will be served by a 19 km light rail transit (LRT) route on Hurontario Street, running north from Port Credit GO Station and extending beyond the city limits into Brampton to terminate at Steeles Avenue. The line will link Port Credit, the City Centre, and the south end of Brampton in response to increasing congestion and anticipated high growth in the corridor. Construction began in 2020, and the line is projected to enter service in the fourth quarter of 2024. It will replace MiExpress route 103 Hurontario Express.

The LRT will not be operated by MiWay, and instead will be operated by Mobilinx, the contractor selected by Metrolinx to design, build, finance, operate, and maintain (DBFOM) the system.

The LRT will connect to two GO Transit rail lines (Milton line at Cooksville GO Station and Lakeshore West line at Port Credit GO Station), and other rapid transit lines including Züm Steeles, Züm Main, and the Mississauga Transitway).

Toronto Subway
In addition to the Hurontario LRT, Toronto's Line 5 Eglinton is being extended to meet the Mississauga Transitway's Renforth station, bringing the Toronto Subway into Mississauga. It is expected to be completed by 2030 or 2031. A later phase is planned extend the line further to Pearson Airport and a future Airport transit hub.

Dundas Street BRT
An additional BRT Line is proposed to be built along Dundas Street. The Dundas Street bus rapid transit line is an on-street route that is tentatively proposed to run along the Dundas Street corridor between Kipling Subway Station in Toronto and Ridgeway Drive in west Mississauga and continue west to Waterdown via Oakville and Burlington.

title: MiWay


text:
Talk:Jean Hoerni

William Shockley
While William Shockley's action did make Silicon Valley what it is today, it is ridiculous to say that he founded Silicon Valley and there is no precedent to say such a thing, so I have removed it. Tyler R. Davis (talk) 20:44, 1 May 2010 (UTC) 174.100.177.94 (talk) 18:02, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

Hoerni's work
I question the necessity/relevance of the second sentence of the following: "With Noyce, Jack Kilby from Texas Instruments is usually credited with the invention of the integrated circuit, but Kilby's IC was based on Germanium. As it turns out, Silicon ICs have numerous advantages over germanium." This sentence is located in the Biography section of the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sharonsooyeon (talk • contribs) 07:02, 2 March 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Jean Hoerni. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=LONG+&sy=1968&ey=1970&name=Submit
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141224210629/https://www.ikat.org/about-cai/history/ to https://www.ikat.org/about-cai/history/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:09, 20 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Jean Hoerni. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080405210519/http://www.gregmortenson.com/Articles/FeaturedArticles/09-12-06ChristianScienceMonitor.htm to http://www.gregmortenson.com/Articles/FeaturedArticles/09-12-06ChristianScienceMonitor.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:16, 23 November 2017 (UTC)

Roommate of Hoerni’s grandson, John Hoerni
Hey, just want to let the page editors know I live with Hoerni’s heir and grandson, John Hoerni. He’s always telling stories of Jean Hoerni and, naturally, knows his family’s biography — I don’t know anything about silicon chips or computers in general, I had no idea who he was, but if anybody has questions for John or wants to confirm any biographical details, feel free to hit me up. John (and I) live in Silver Lake, LA — 3101 Fernwood, 90039 (which I’m adding by way of confirmation we live together — I take care of his dogs when he travels, which is why he rented out a room here). Joeletaylor (talk) 20:45, 22 July 2018 (UTC)

Birth and death dates/college degrees for Hoerni
The article has conflicting birth/death dates. The first sentence indicates he died in 1997 while the summary box to the right gives a much later death date. Also, the list of college degrees indicates he held an MD as well as a Ph.D. At least here in American "MD" implies a medical doctorate, but there is no discussion of him ever having gone to medical school. 172.58.45.254 (talk) 15:53, 11 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jean Hoerni


text: User talk:219.77.92.159

title: User talk:219.77.92.159


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Italian divisions in WWII

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 13:05, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

List of Italian divisions in WWII
A long list that is pretty much numerical, and nearly all of its elements are non-notable. As a military text, maybe some interest in wikisource. Radiant! 12:36, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Finite list of all notable elements. Kappa 14:41, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. / Uppland 15:55, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — RJH 20:04, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, useful and finite. Megan1967 23:28, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * KeepWincoote 05:15, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Nominator should be ashamed of himself - David Gerard 23:30, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * David, instead of making all these personal attacks, you should really read up on the guidelines on Civility, Assume good faith and Wikiquette. Radiant! 10:24, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep very useful information — Linnwood 07:06, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I really dislike large lists of red links, but this is finite and unchanging. Carrp | Talk 07:08, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep this is a part of history. It does not get much more encyclopidic than that. TomStar81 06:52, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Historic, finite and 100% encyclopedic, red links notwithstanding. - Lucky 6.9 01:16, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Rhineland-Palatinate Cabinet Members

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 23:42, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

List of Rhineland-Palatinate Cabinet Members
Since this will change with every new election, there's little point in this list. And wikipedia is not a repository of exact members of each chosen cabinet everywhere through the world. Radiant! 12:38, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. For reference, Rhineland-Palatinate is a state within Germany (a Bundesland), akin to a U.S. state or a Canadian province.  By population, it's about the size of Oregon or Kentucky.  From what I've seen, the trend is to keep articles about legislators at the national level, but it's a bit fuzzier for politicians working at lower levels.  Perhaps this list should be merged back into Rhineland-Palatinate—it's only nine people, that article doesn't seem to be overly bloated at the moment, and it's the only article that seems likely to link to it.  If something exciting happens there, then perhaps it can be broken out later as part of a Politics of Rhineland-Palatinate article. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 15:52, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree that the people listed are notable, but the list itself is self-invalidating as per the next election. So I think there should not be such a list. Radiant! 16:26, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * An election only happens every five years, although there are probably periodic cabinet shuffles. An "As of the $MONTH $YEAR election, the cabinet consisted of" at the start of the list seems to be all that is required to warn that the information can date.  We have numerous articles on other political offices and officeholders that change on a regular or semi-regular basis, and it appears that this is a large enough region that someone will keep it updated. This is part of the reason I suggest a merger back to the main article—it will receive more traffic, and likely will be updated more punctually. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 17:30, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge. Perfectly valid list. We have many articles that require periodic updating, this is not a reason for deletion. sjorford →•← 16:49, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, I stand corrected. And I suppose a list is better than individual stubs for each member thereof. Radiant! 21:14, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, valid list, useful. Megan1967 23:28, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - nominator really needs to review Deletion policy and only nominate according to it - David Gerard 23:32, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It is also policy to read a thread before you vote in it, and if you had read the discussion above you would have seen that I had already been persuaded to the other point of view. Radiant! 10:18, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, seems notable. JamesBurns 10:45, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of RLM paint designations

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS. dbenbenn | talk 23:54, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

List of RLM paint designations
Incomplete list of colors for some brand of paint. Give me a break. Radiant! 12:38, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Almost copyvio. Unencyclopedic. Copycruft and pastecruft. Dpbsmith (talk) 13:57, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The colors used by the Luftwaffe during WWII are inherently encyclopedic and useful for anyone studying WWII aircraft. Too bad there isn't a color table to go with it. RLM "brand of paint"!! The Nazi Air Ministry was many things, but... DialUp 17:24, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmmm... I'm wavering, but not close to ready to change my vote. Can the problems of its being incomplete and apparently being directly copied from a website be solved? Note that the website from which the article was taken is much better because it defines each color with a U. S. Federal Standard (whatever that is) equivalent and gives a visual sample. I'm inclined to say that's a great link and a dandy external reference for the relevant article. It's obviously a labor-of-love personal website, maybe the author can be presuaded to release the page under GFDL? Dpbsmith (talk) 20:03, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I still think it would be an encyclopedic article, but color samples would make it more visually appealing. Federal Standard 595 is the U.S. government standard for paint color and has color chips of all listed paints. It's a work of the government so is probably not subject to copyright, so neither would using them if they indeed relate to RLM colors. I go to air shows quite often so I was thinking of all those people with an interest in vintage aircraft, but thanks to BM for mentioning that model builders might also like an encyclopedia they could consult. DialUp 21:07, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The Nazi Air Ministry is encyclopedic, its color list is not in my opinion. HyperZonktalk 17:38, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Too low a level of detail.   Wikipedia isn't an aircraft model painting guide.  --BM 19:14, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no potential to become encyclopedic. Will change vote if verifiable evidence is provided to suggest that any RLM colors were as widely notable as British racing green.  Barno 20:09, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and expand, useful valid list. Megan1967 23:29, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - obviously encyclopedic - David Gerard 23:32, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Too much detail. In addition, sourced only to a web site. Wile E. Heresiarch 03:41, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Could be expanded and become useful — Linnwood 07:09, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No encyclopedic content. Delete. - Mike Rosoft 16:42, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge or Keep -- AllyUnion (talk) 08:58, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * For those who voted to keep this article: what exactly is its content? "The Ministry of Air in Nazi Germany used the following colors: silver, grey, yellow, white, ..." How exactly could this become encyclopedic? - Mike Rosoft 16:57, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep has potential. It could be very encyclopedic if it mentioned some examples of which military units used which colors. Kappa 22:06, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, useful. JamesBurns 10:46, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Raw data.  Wikipedia is not a general knowledge base. —Korath (Talk) 13:17, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:National Socialist Movement (United States)

BLP & NPOV
I have deleted this article. It did not comply with our policy on the biographies of living persons. It also breached neutrality and reliable sourcing. As much as editors may not like these people, we are not a forum for politically motivated investigative journalism or exposes.

Biographical material must always be referenced from reliable sources, especially negative material. Negative material that does not comply with that must be immediately removed. Note that the removal does not imply that the information is either true or false.

Please feel free to rebuild the article, using only reliable citations, and ensuring it is written in a neutral tone. Please review the relevant policies before editing in this regard. Editors should note that failure to follow this policy may result in the removal of editing privileges.--Docg 23:19, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

Does anyone want to comment on the border line retardation of NSM members? See Boston University study by the sociology department. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.151.43.118 (talk) 08:41, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Care to provide a citation so that others can weigh the evidence, Anonymous? I am no fan of the NSM, but without providing evidence, your comment reads more like a drive-by insult than an effort to expand the article. Historymike (talk) 13:11, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

French Wikipedia
The article on French Wikipedia has been expanded, and they've come up with this emblem (I have no idea how accurate): File:Blason du National Socialist Movement usa.svg -- AnonMoos (talk) 23:28, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Based on footage in an ABC evening news report on 5/11/11, File:Drapeaux National Socialist Movement.svg is accurate, and I'll add it to the article... AnonMoos (talk) 22:51, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

 * The flag was constantly visible in the 60 Minutes piece last week, and the coat of arms was seen once or twice... AnonMoos (talk) 14:16, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Jeff Hall
Jeff Hall use to be leading light in the Movement until his death by his son on 1st May 2011, he was 32 and the son 10. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.31.188.92 (talk) 16:02, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

 * There was an interesting TV story about this on 60 Minutes last week... -- AnonMoos (talk) 14:21, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Anti-porn Filter
Anti-porn filter objects to swastikas being used in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 186.109.2.24 (talk) 16:40, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Well, the official logo of the organization which is the topic of this article includes a swastika, so there's not much which can be done about that from our end... AnonMoos (talk) 14:18, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Free image
I found a free parade image here but I'm having trouble uploading it. Marcus Qwertyus (talk) 16:12, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

"is a white civil rights party"

 * "The National Socialist Movement (NSM) is a white civil rights party..."

What exactly is this supposed to mean? It sounds euphemistic and (deliberately?) misleading. Why does the lede not state that "The National Socialist Movement (NSM) is a white supremacist organisation promoting a racialist ideology" or something similar, which would seem to be a direct statement of factual truth? A civil rights party? What a joke! A civil rights party with a swastika on its flag? That first line may possibly just be the single most non-neutral statement I have ever seen on Wikipedia. Heavenlyblue (talk) 23:29, 23 September 2013 (UTC)

 * I reverted the article to the version of "10:44, 29 July 2013", but it's been a common rhetorical maneuver since the 1970s for such groups to claim to be "white civil rights" supporters (Tom Metzger met with Farrakhan in 1985, etc. etc.)... AnonMoos (talk) 00:45, 26 September 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on National Socialist Movement (United States). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://www.nsm88.org/25points/25pointsengl.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20100130205320/http://www.columbiamissourian.com:80/stories/2009/01/22/national-socialist-unit-adopts-missouri-highway-section/ to http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/01/22/national-socialist-unit-adopts-missouri-highway-section/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 12:24, 20 January 2016 (UTC)

More Far-left Then Far-right
Isn't the National Socialist Movement (NSM) more Far-left because of the socialist aspect? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.41.146.109 (talk) 23:42, 4 June 2016 (UTC)
 * No for a few reasons. First if you read the article on Far-right politics you'll notice that it references "neo-Nazism, fascism, neo-fascism and other ideologies or organizations that feature extreme nationalist, chauvinist, xenophobic, racist, or reactionary views," including Right-wing socialism. Second, Far-left politics is usually reserved for populist socialist, democratic socialists, communists, and anarchists. If you look at the article we have on Left-wing politics you will see that the left "supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy and social inequality," which is the opposite of the NSM. Finally, we have two reliable sources calling the group far-right, so that is what is listed. Alexander Levian (talk) 00:55, 5 June 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on National Socialist Movement (United States). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111005024643/http://www.todaystmj4.com/news/local/126825018.html to http://www.todaystmj4.com/news/local/126825018.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140903063535/http://www.jrn.com/tmj4/news/129160043.html to http://www.jrn.com/tmj4/news/129160043.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:49, 2 January 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on National Socialist Movement (United States). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130104004433/http://www.adl.org/Learn/Ext_US/nsm/default.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=3&item=nsm to http://www.adl.org/Learn/Ext_US/nsm/default.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=3&item=nsm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:17, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

Orphaned references in National Socialist Movement (United States)
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of National Socialist Movement (United States)'s orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "HeimWaPo": From Alt-right: Heim, Joe; Silverman, Ellie; Shapiro, T. Rees; & Brown, Emma (August 12, 2017) "One dead as car strikes crowds amid protests of white nationalist gathering in Charlottesville; two police die in helicopter crash", The Washington Post From Unite the Right rally: Joe Heim, Ellie Silverman, T. Rees Shapiro & Emma Brown (August 12, 2017), "One dead as car strikes crowds amid protests of white nationalist gathering in Charlottesville; two police die in helicopter crash", The Washington Post.

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 05:45, 29 March 2018 (UTC)

Matthew Heimbach
See Traditionalist Worker Party for more about him. He's been hired to put an acceptable face on the NSM.. Doug Weller talk 20:30, 16 November 2018 (UTC)

Cleanup
I did major cleanup of the page to arrange it in a more coherent flow. The filings to the State changing ownership are public records. They are PDF's. 1 is one page. I wonder if it would be appropriate to include it as an image? Just a thought if appropriate and someone wants to do it. The links to those two pdf refs could use some cleanup but my Parkinson's just won't cooperate enough for me to do it. P37307 (talk) 02:07, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Thanks for cleaning up my cleanup of National Socialist Movement (United States), esp renaming the History section. Not sure why I didn't think of that title. All that history stuff was in the main paragraph before and it was a long read so I gave it a shot. The bottom "Change of leadership" section, I think the part about Stern filing a lawsuit should be at the bottom of the Lawsuit section. It's just hanging down there out of place. Since the main paragraph already states Sterns took over the group I didn't feel when I changed it that it would be ill moved. I still wonder if Schoep's personal Twitter account suspension belongs in the page now. Thoughts? P37307 (talk) 07:12, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

 * I moved the finally graf up -- how's that? I think the Twitter thing was significant at the time, indicative of a crackdown on NSM by social media services, and should probably stay in as a historical event. Beyond My Ken (talk) 07:21, 3 March 2019 (UTC)

The new leader of NSM is black who intended to dismantle (Heard on news)
Black activist James Hart Stern says he will work to undermine the National Socialist Movement, the group he now leads to dismantle the party.-Signed by Samiwikia 08:08, 13 December 2020 Samiwikia

 * That happened over a year and a half ago. James Hart Stern has been dead for over a year now, according to his article. AnonMoos (talk) 12:27, 13 December 2020 (UTC)

From memes to race war: How extremists use popular culture to lure recruits
See - among other things interview with Schoep. Doug Weller talk 12:43, 6 May 2021 (UTC)

It's far left, not far right
It's National SOCIALIST. Socialists are left, capitalists are right. They are a left-wing extremist group -- Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:5B0:46E4:B378:2086:A43C:B3D6:898D (talk) 14:28, 25 December 2021 (UTC)
 * You can keep saying it as much as you want; it's still not true. News flash: the People's Democratic Republic of Korea (i.e., North Korea) is neither of the people, nor democratic, nor a republic. -- Orange Mike |  Talk  18:27, 25 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Voltaire said it first -- the Holy Roman Empire was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire. (The All-Palestine Government is a more recent similar example of zero for three, while the DPRK is at least Korean.[[Image:SFriendly.gif|20px]]) AnonMoos (talk) 10:20, 26 December 2021 (UTC)

Socialism is always on the left
Mahatma Gandhi was a nationalist socialist... Would you consider him on the right too? Don't delete my post or I will post every hour 2603:8001:6900:1C00:B8C7:4990:B356:33A6 (talk) 18:01, 17 February 2022 (UTC)

 * The "NSDAP" had various tendencies when it was founded, but after Otto Strasser was expelled from the party, there was very little remaining in it which could meaningfully validly be called "socialist". Certainly in the early 1930s, a number of businessmen supported the party for the purpose of destroying Communism in Germany... AnonMoos (talk) 03:14, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * It is also well documented that Hitler himself was an agent of the most reactionary elements of the Reichswehr, sent in to infiltrate and influence what was then the anti-Semitic, nationalist, anti-capitalist, and anti-Marxist German Workers Party (DAP), which he dragged steadily to the right. -- Orange Mike |  Talk  14:23, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

Dear anonymous IPv6 -- if you actually want to improve this article (the purpose of this talk page), than maybe you could actually respond to some of the points that OrangeMike or I made above, instead of just repeating your one simplistic talking point as though we hadn't said anything -- that can be annoying, and certainly doesn't contribute anything useful... AnonMoos (talk) 08:01, 21 February 2022 (UTC)

NK
North Korea says it is democratic, it is? Just because they say they are socialist does not mean they are, we need wp:RS to say they are left-wing. Slatersteven (talk) 16:40, 10 June 2022 (UTC)

 * Actually, the "Juche" idea replaced traditional communism as North Korea's guiding ideology many years ago, while more recently "Songun" (military first) is rivalling Juche. It's very difficult to see how North Korea is "left-wing" these days, except for a few residual symbols (red star in national flag, hammer and sickle in the party emblem and flag). AnonMoos (talk) 02:51, 11 June 2022 (UTC)

Updates and events
Alot has happened since the last time this article really got updated that I feel like hasn't been mentioned.

The NSM had a rally in Detroit that made international attention (pride protest in 2019). From what I can tell Colucci's case against the black man in Arizona is still ongoing, and he picked up another case after beating up a Jewish guy in Florida (although he claims it was to defend one of his members). Lastly, they had a rally in Lakeland in June 2023 which only attracted about 4 people (although Colucci was expecting around 100). Also, the Nationalist Front is dead and so is the NSM for the most part: I can't tell what the exact number of members is, but it seems to be in the single digits today. RebeccaBoko (talk) 09:22, 24 March 2024 (UTC)


text:
Talk:National Socialist Movement (US)

This article should be merged with NSM88. I don't know exactly which is the preferred name. Bogdan | Talk 12:38, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:National Socialist Movement (US)


text:
William Walker (diver)

William Walker (1869–1918) was an English diver famous for shoring up the southern and eastern sides of Winchester Cathedral.

Early life
He was born William Robert Bellenie, in Newington, Surrey, England, in 1869. Around 1900, he adopted the name William Bellenie-Walker, eventually dropping the Bellenie part to be known as Walker.

Diving career
In 1887, Walker began diver training at Portsmouth Dockyard. He worked through the roles of diver's attendant and diver's signal man, passing his medical exam and deep-water test to qualify as a deep-water diver in 1892.

In his time, William Walker was the most experienced diver of Siebe Gorman Ltd. Between 1906 and 1911, working in water up to a depth of six metres (20 feet), he shored up Winchester Cathedral, using more than 25,800 bags of concrete, 114,900 concrete blocks, and 900,000 bricks.

Winchester Cathedral
Before his work, the cathedral had been in imminent danger of collapse as it sank slowly into the ground, which consisted of peat. To enable bricklayers to build supporting walls, the groundwater level had to be lowered. Without intervention, the removal of the groundwater would have caused the collapse of the building. So, to give temporary support to the foundation walls, some 235 pits were dug along the southern and eastern sides of the building, each about six metres deep. Walker went down and shored up the walls by putting concrete underneath them. He worked six hours a day—in complete darkness, because the sediment suspended in the water was impenetrable to light.

After Walker finished his work, the groundwater was pumped out and the concrete he had placed bore the foundation walls. Conventional bricklayers then were able to do their work in the usual way and restore the damaged walls.

During the latter part of his time working at Winchester, Walker cycled home, 70 miles to South Norwood, at weekends returning by train on the Monday. To celebrate the completion of the work, a thanksgiving service, led by the Archbishop of Canterbury, was held on 15 July 1912. At this, Walker was presented with a silver rose bowl by King George V. Newspaper reports at the time remarked that this was the second time Walker had met George V, the first being when the king was a naval cadet and Walker was his diving instructor.

Later, Walker was honoured by being appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO).

An interview that Walker gave to the Hampshire Observer in 1911 gives insight into his work. In it, Walker reveals that, unlike some other divers, he had never worked on any treasure dives. Other aspects of his work:
 * Rescue work, December 1896, at the River Level Colliery at Abernant, near Aberdare Wales, when the pit was flooded and six men and boys drowned.
 * Work on the building of the Blackwall Tunnel, 1891–1897.
 * Being foreman in charge of works on the construction of the new naval docks in Gibraltar.
 * Work on the construction of the jetty for the Royal Victoria Dock Granary, 1905.
 * Emergency work, which called him away from Winchester, on the wreck of the SS Dordone in Newport.
 * Work with Sir Leonard Hill developing linear decompression tables.

Part of the interview article: "In cold water diving he [William] explained what a man has to contend with is the pressure". At Gibraltar he says: "Two of my men died through pressure of water".

In response to questions about his work on Winchester, William says "It was not difficult. It was straightforward work, but had to be carefully done". He went on to say that Mr. Jackson had told him that he was very pleased with the work and that he had done what no other man had done—that he had laid the foundation of a whole cathedral. Walker said "I am proud of the honour".

A commemoration service was held at Winchester Cathedral, 100 years after he died.

Family and death
Walker married twice. His first wife died before he began work at Winchester. He married his second wife, sister of his first, in 1907, and had several children during his years working at Winchester.

Walker died during the Spanish flu epidemic of 1918 and is buried in Beckenham Crematorium and Cemetery, London. His grave bears the words: "The diver who with his own hands saved Winchester Cathedral."

Legacy
A small statue of Walker is displayed in the Cathedral, near the shrine of St Swithun and the remains of King Canute. Until May 2001 the statue was one mistakenly modelled on the project's consultant engineer, Francis Fox. There is also a bust of Walker in the Cathedral gardens. A public house in Winchester is also named after him. A plaque commemorates him on 118 Portland Road, South Norwood, where he lived.

A service of remembrance for Walker, was held at the Cathedral in October 2018. An exhibition about Walker ran until 31 October.

title: William Walker (diver)


text:
Andrew Soltis

Andrew Eden Soltis (born May 28, 1947) is an American chess grandmaster, author and columnist. He was inducted into the United States Chess Hall of Fame in September 2011.

Chess career
Soltis learned how the chess pieces moved at age 10 when he came upon a how-to-play book in the public library in Astoria, Queens where he grew up. He took no further interest in the game until he was 14, when he joined an Astoria chess club, then the Marshall Chess Club and competed in his first tournament, the 1961 New York City Junior Championship.

Tournaments and championships
In 1970, Soltis played second board on the gold-medal winning US team in the 17th World Student Team Championship and tied for the best overall score, 8–1. He was also a member of the silver-medal winning US teams in the 14th and the 18th World Student Team Championships.

Soltis won the annual international tournament at Reggio Emilia, Italy, in 1972 and was awarded the International Master title two years later. His first-place finishes in New York international tournaments in 1977 and 1980 resulted in his being awarded the International Grandmaster title in 1980 (which is commonly referred to as "Grandmaster").

Soltis won the championship of the prestigious Marshall Chess Club a record nine times: in 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1986, and 1989. He also competed in four US (closed) Championships, in 1974, 1977, 1978 and 1983. Soltis tied for first prize in the 1977 and 1982 US Open Championships.

Soltis has been inactive in tournaments since 2002. He reached his playing peak as a competitive player when he was rated the 74th best player in the world, in January 1971.

Writer and author
He has written a weekly chess column for the New York Post since 1972. His monthly column "Chess to Enjoy" in Chess Life, the official publication of the United States Chess Federation, began in 1979 and is the longest-running column in that magazine. He was named "Chess Journalist of the Year" in 1988 and 2002 by the Chess Journalists of America.

Soltis was one of the few Americans in the 20th century who earned the International Grandmaster title but was not a professional chess player. He worked as a news reporter and editor for the New York Post from 1969 until he retired in 2014. He continued writing his weekly chess column for the Post after he retired.

He is considered one of the most prolific chess writers, having authored or coauthored more than 100 books and opening monographs on chess. His books have been translated into Spanish, French, German, Italian and Polish. In 2014 his work Mikhail Botvinnik: The Life and Games of a World Chess Champion was named Book of the Year by the Chess Journalists of America and the English Chess Federation. Other honors for his books include the 1994 British Chess Federation award for Frank Marshall, United States Champion and the Cramer Award in 2006 for Soviet Chess 1917–1991 and in 2006 for Why Lasker Matters.

Legacy
He is credited with the Soltis Variation of the Sicilian Dragon Yugoslav Attack, characterized by 12...h5, after 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.Be3 Bg7 7.f3 0-0 8.Qd2 Nc6 9.Bc4 Bd7 10.0-0-0 Rc8 11.Bb3 Ne5 12.h4 h5. Previous experience showed that Black ran good chances of getting mated if he allowed 13.h5. He also gave names to chess openings such as the Nimzo-Larsen Attack, the Baltic Defense and the Chameleon Sicilian. Several names for pawn structures and moves, such as the Marco Hop and the Boleslavsky Hole, were popularized by his book Pawn Structure Chess. He introduced the Russian chess term priyome to English literature in Studying Chess Made Easy.

Personal life
Soltis graduated from City College of New York in 1969. He has been married to Marcy Soltis, a fellow journalist and tournament chess player, since 1981.

Partial list of books

 * The Best Chess Games of Boris Spassky, 1973, ISBN 0679130020
 * The Great Chess Tournaments and Their Stories , 1975, ISBN 0-8019-6138-6
 * Pawn Structure Chess, 1976, Tartan Books, ISBN 0-679-14475-7; also 1995, McKay, ISBN 0-8129-2529-7
 * Karl Marx Plays Chess : And Other Reports on the World's Oldest Game, ISBN 0-8129-1906-8
 * Chess to Enjoy, 1978, Stein and Day, ISBN 0-8128-6059-4
 * Catalog of Chess Mistakes, 1980, Three Rivers Press, ISBN 0-679-14151-0
 * The Art of Defense in Chess, 1986, Random House, ISBN 0-679-14108-1
 * Openings of the Eighties; Volume 1, Chess Digest, ASIN: B009F09ARA
 * A Black Defensive System For The Rest of Your Chess Career, 1987, Chess Digest, ISBN 0-87568-166-2
 * Winning with the English Opening, 1987, Chess Digest, ISBN 0875681700
 * Winning with 1 e4, 1988, Chess Digest
 * Winning with 1 d4, 1988, Chess Digest, ISBN 0875681751
 * Confessions of a Chess Grandmaster, 1990, Thinker's Press, ISBN 0-938650-46-7
 * Winning with 1 c4: A Complete Opening System, 1990, Chess Digest, ISBN 0-87568-192-1
 * Winning with 1 f4: Bird's Opening, 1992, Chess Digest, ISBN 0-87568-203-0
 * White Opening System: Combining Stonewall Attack, Colle System, Torre Attack, 1992, Chess Digest, ISBN 0-87568-205-7
 * Winning with the King's Gambit Volume One Accepted, 1992, Chess Digest, ISBN 0-87568-212-X
 * Winning with the King's Gambit Volume Two Declined, 1993, Chess Digest, ISBN 0-87568-214-6
 * Black to play and win with 1-g6: A complete defensive system, Chess Digest, ISBN 0875681778
 * The Baltic Defense to the Queen's Gambit, Chess Digest, ASIN: B01F7XFV9O
 * Beating the Caro-Kann with the Advance Variation, 1993, Chess Digest, ASIN: B002AOKNXS
 * The London System : a complete white opening system, 1993, Chess Digest, ISBN 0875682316
 * The Stonewall Attack, Revised 2nd Edition, 1993, Chess Digest, ISBN 0-87568-165-4
 * A Black Defensive System: With 1...d6, 1994, Chess Digest, ISBN 0875682448
 * Beating the Ruy Lopez with the Fianchetto Variation, 1994, Chess Digest, ISBN 0875682499
 * The Inner Game of Chess: How to Calculate and Win, 1994, Random House, ISBN 0-8129-2291-3
 * The Trompowsky Attack, 1995, Chess Digest, ISBN 0875682731
 * Winning with the Giuoco Piano and the Max Lange Attack, 1996, Chess Digest, ASIN: B00A09JWOQ
 * Grandmaster Secrets: Endings, 1997, 2003, Thinker's Press, ISBN 0-938650-66-1
 * Colle System, Koltanowski variation, 5c3, 1998, Chess Digest, ISBN 0-87568-286-3
 * Soviet Chess 1917–1991, 1999, McFarland & Company, ISBN 0-7864-0676-3
 * Rethinking the Chess Pieces, 2004, Bastford, ASIN: B019L58BVO
 * Grandmaster Secrets: Openings, 2000, Thinker's Press, ISBN 0-938650-68-8
 * Why Lasker Matters, 2005, Batsford, ISBN 0-7134-8983-9
 * Bobby Fischer Rediscovered, 2003, Batsford, ISBN 0-7134-8846-8
 * Los Voraces, 2019, 2003, McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-1637-0
 * Turning Advantage into Victory in Chess, 2004, Random House Puzzles & Games, ISBN 0-8129-3581-0
 * Rethinking the Chess Pieces, 2004, Batsford, ISBN 0-7134-8904-9
 * How to Choose a Chess Move, 2005, Batsford, ISBN 0-7134-8979-0
 * The 100 Best Chess Games of the 20th Century, Ranked, 2006, McFarland & Company, ISBN 0-7864-2741-8
 * Transpo Tricks in Chess, 2007, Batsford, ISBN 0-7134-9051-9
 * The Wisest Things Ever Said About Chess, 2008, Batsford, ISBN 978-1-906388-00-3
 * Studying Chess Made Easy, 2010, Batsford, ISBN 978-1-906388-67-6
 * What It Takes To Become A Chess Master, 2012, Batsford
 * Smyslov, Bronstein, Geller, Taimanov and Averbakh: A Chess Multibiography with 220 Games, 2021, McFarland & Company

title: Andrew Soltis


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of schools in Singapore

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 00:00, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

List of schools in Singapore
Wikipedia is not a travel guide. Most schools aren't notable, so a list of schools has little place here. A list of universities would be another matter. Radiant! 12:39, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - I have always found some of the lists on Wikipedia a bit odd, however if this list should be deleted then all articles in the Category:Lists_of_schools should be deleted. A list of schools in Singapore is no less notable than a list of schools in New Zealand. Also, why would a list of universities be more notable, we can take it that not all universities on a list are any more 'notable' than some schools? -- Lochaber 13:03, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * VfD votes are case by case; if there are other lists that should be deleted, you should nominate them for deletion. There are many pages in Wikipedia that should be deleted. That is not a valid reason for adding more. "Other drivers were speeding, too" is not usually considered to be a good defense against a speeding ticket. Dpbsmith (talk) 13:55, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Fair comment however I am not using it as a defence, I think lists are useful and a fair number of the schools on this particular list have articles. I don’t know how to use all of Wikipedias functions, is there a possibility of changing this list into a category instead? Could be changed to a category however I think that having lists can encourage ppl to create articles that have not already been created. Lochaber 15:45, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. No potential to become encyclopedic. Dpbsmith (talk) 13:55, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As I've argued before, I don't think there should be articles for lists of schools.  This is the purpose of categories, at least regarding notable schools that have articles.   Lists of all schools within a geographic area, including those without articles, are not maintainable and are not encyclopedic.  --BM 14:18, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, if anything it keeps the non-notable ones from having their own articles (if necessary we can redirect them to this page) --SPUI (talk) 17:19, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this is not encyclopedic. Grue 19:45, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and allow for organic growth. GRider\talk 20:48, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Spinboy 21:19, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic. Jayjg (talk) 23:22, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, useless, trivial, un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 23:30, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious keep. --Centauri 07:34, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Has potential to become encyclopedic. --Andylkl 18:41, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, just because a list contains mostly non-notable entries doesn't mean it is non-notable itself. I also agree with SPUI above.  JYolkowski 22:31, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It dosent even need to be "encyclopedic", because it is a list afterall. Of coz, we do not need seperate encyclopedia pages for all schools, but there is no harm in listing all of them here. This centralised list page will also cut down on too many unnecesary "sub-list" pages, including List of junior colleges in Singapore.--Huaiwei 15:32, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * While I believe we should keep this particular list I would agree with deleting the List of junior colleges in Singapore and the List of universities in Singapore (there are only 3 Unis in Singapore and given the size of the country I don't know that this will increase that much). However that might mean that List of schools in Singapore needs to be renamed as "List of educational establishments in Singapore" to avoid confusion. Personally I think that, since school basically means any place of learning and also because the line between secondary and tertiary education to a little blurred in Singapore, it doesn't really need to be renamed. What does anyone else think? -- Lochaber 13:18, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Hm...I wont delete List of universities in Singapore thou, because it is part of a wider listing of university listings List of colleges and universities by country as well as categories of the same name.--Huaiwei 13:57, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. -- Lochaber 17:37, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - utterly bogus nomination - David Gerard 23:38, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Considering half a dozen people agree with it already, it certainly isn't "utterly bogus". Please be civil. Radiant! 11:51, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Reasons for nomination are not VfD-worthy: this has nothing to do with travel and the non-noteworthiness of some schools need not rub off on the rest of the article. (I'd prefer "List of notable schools in Singapore", but whatever.) jdb ❋ (talk) 07:11, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unencyclopedic. Put the notable schools in a category. Carrp | Talk 07:14, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Category of notable ones sounds like a good plan. Concur with Carrp. Radiant! 11:51, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Same rationale with Lochaber. - Mailer Diablo 13:22, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, useful. Kappa 22:08, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not encyclopaedic. JamesBurns 10:49, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Unitarian Universalist Associate Member organizations

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Deathphoenix 02:05, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

List of Unitarian Universalist Associate Member organizations
A list of what?! Bunch of acronyms. Should merge with Unitarian Universalist main page. Radiant! 12:40, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. See Category:Unitarian Universalism. Just because you don't understand what it is, doesn't mean it should be deleted. - UtherSRG 13:35, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and delete as Radiant! notes. In fact, the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee actually already has a page (perhaps UU Service Committee should indeed be established as a redirect since it is redlinked in the article in question). In my opinion, there does not need to be a separate article, but there probably should be a subsection in the UU article. HyperZonktalk 17:48, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * If that's done, then so should an "m&d" be done on List of Unitarian Universalist Independent Affiliate organizations, which would be inappropriate to merge into the main UU article. If this article isn't to be kept, the two list articles should be merged into a new one, with both existing ones redirected to the new. (UUSC link made.) - UtherSRG 18:34, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Spinboy 21:18, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and expand, useful valid list. Megan1967 23:31, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Agree with UtherSRG; ignorance is not a valid reason for deletion. --Centauri 20:41, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Kinematic determinacy

Kinematic determinacy is a term used in structural mechanics to describe a structure where material compatibility conditions alone can be used to calculate deflections. A kinematically determinate structure can be defined as a structure where, if it is possible to find nodal displacements compatible with member extensions, those nodal displacements are unique. The structure has no possible mechanisms, i.e. nodal displacements, compatible with zero member extensions, at least to a first-order approximation. Mathematically, the mass matrix of the structure must have full rank. Kinematic determinacy can be loosely used to classify an arrangement of structural members as a structure (stable) instead of a mechanism (unstable). The principles of kinematic determinacy are used to design precision devices such as mirror mounts for optics, and precision linear motion bearings.

title: Kinematic determinacy


text:
Talk:Hans Krebs (biochemist)

Query
Does anynone know if he's in any way related to the german word for cancer, "krebes"? --Jwanders 12:41, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * "Cancer" is Latin for "crab", but also for "a malignant tumour" [cancer, cancri, m.]. It came into English through the Old Northern French "cancre", and from this we get our words "cancer", "canker", and even "gangrene". (See the Oxford English Dictionary, online edition.)  The zodiac sign of people born between June 22 and July 22 is called "Cancer", because during this time the sun appears to pass through the constellation thought to resemble a crab-monster crushed by Hercules in Greek mythology.

German obviously preserves a semantic link between crabs and cancer; I think it's safe to say, however, that Hans Adolf Krebs's family had in mind our tasty friends in the sea.

Note
I deleted jewish in the introduction. Being "jewish" is used to characterise so many different things, that I think it is misleading for someone who got an anglican burial. Of course the problems he had in Germany due to his "jewishness" are appropriately described in the body text. --Linksrechts 10:55, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

"jewishness" has some relevance with respect to cerebral achievers. Many "jews" due to being historically a small part of populations and the tendency to breed within their "ethnicity", are genetically distinct. This shows in some of the diseases that have unusually high incidences within the groups (Non HIV Karposi's sarcoma, though this could be "inherited" virally or prionically, Kavanan's, Tay-Sach's etc) Also and more interesting, is the inarguable disproportionately greater achievements by jews. Is this due to genetics or the particular nurturings that jews are often brought up with? Ah the knots of nature and nurture.Ecstatist (talk) 16:08, 21 September 2011 (UTC)

Hans Krebs' Father Was Jewish
Hans Krebs was not of "partially Jewish heritage," as the article currently states. His autobiography "Reminiscences and Reflections" (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981) makes it clear that BOTH of his parents were Jews. On page 6, referring to anti-Semitism, he states: "The reactions of German Jews varied. The Zionists' answer was a return to the Promised Land; others preferred to hold to tradition and to demonstrate this openly; a third group, TO WHICH MY FATHER BELONGED, believed that the only answer lay in assimilation." (Emphasis added.) On pages 6-7, he writes of his mother: "Born Alma Davidson, she was a native of Hildesheim.  Her ancestors had lived in the district for centuries and we had more than a hundred relatives living near by.  Today only one is left in Hildesheim.  In the Nazi holocaust the family became scattered all over the world; not a few perished in concentration camps." On page 104, he writes of his father's death in 1939: "My father had remained in Hildesheim. Later I realized that his death at this time had spared him the fate of many of his generation who were to be exterminated in the ensuing years.  Nazi persecution had made his last years very sad.  He had been deprived of the right to practice [medicine], much of the money he had saved for old age had been extorted by 'special levies', and at the time of the pogrom in November 1938 he had been rounded up and imprisoned for about a fortnight." I am, therefore, modifying the article to correctly reflect the facts. Jinfo 03:00, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

This Hans Krebs?
Was it this Hans Krebs that directed the experimentation on UK Conscientious objectors during WWII?? See this paper in the International Journal of Epidemiology.GiollaUidir (talk) 15:07, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

 * That link doesn't respond for me. But there's a mention in Google books  here. There was only one Sir Hans Krebs, I think. William Avery (talk) 15:24, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

Service in the German Army
Becareful in what you read. Earlier version stated that Krebs served in the German Army in 1932, which is factually erroneous. He himself specifically said that he was "drafted" six month before he could complete his schooling [Explicit in his autobiography Reminiscences and Reflections ISBN 978-0-1985-4702-0]. I have amended the necessary information, but the same false statement is still available in several sites. Chhandama (talk) 06:55, 29 July 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 17:06, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Hans Adolf Krebs. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140427025145/http://www.sciencevision.org/current_issue/dl/Lalchhandama.pdf to http://www.sciencevision.org/current_issue/dl/Lalchhandama.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141014000229/http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/1953basic.htm to http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/1953basic.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:09, 29 October 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Hans Adolf Krebs. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140809145137/http://www.wickersleyweb.co.uk/hist/krebs.htm to http://www.wickersleyweb.co.uk/hist/krebs.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:05, 28 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hans Krebs (biochemist)