text:
Talk:Mount Tamalpais

Initial assessment
article needs more breadth especially in ecology. Anlace 18:09, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

This page is coming along nicely, I've made a few contributions over the past year. Few notes:

 * The additional mountain biking photos are nice but aren't quite wiki styled yet. Author/photographer should indicate release status.  Thumbnail + link would also be better.
 * IMO the mountain bike section may be OTT.
 * Changed "route" to indicate RR grade, my understanding is that this should indicate a hiking/climbing route. If we want to note vehicle-accessible summits, that's a change that might be made globally to mountain pages.  Note that many popular peaks will be nonchallenging (technical difficulty should be added/noted?) and route info somewhat gratuitious.  Noting public/private vehicle access, paved/dirt, and unlimited/restricted access would also help.

Tam is publically accessible via 2-lane paved road generally 30 minutes before/after sunrise/sunset, excepting red-flag fire days, with no toll, but a self-service parking fee. How much of this to be noted might be a topic for further discussion.

Also just added a trailheads inventory under "hiking". I guess there's a few things that make Tam special, including the sheer scope of area that it's part of (the northern tip of the Golden Gate bridge to the northern tip of Pt. Reyes), the number of trailheads, and the interconnectedness of the trail network encompassing not only Tam proper but the headlands, Pt. Reyes, and other sections of west Marin, and the hiking conditions (well-maintained trails, water at most trailheads, relatively little poison oak on major routes). Even in northern California this is a rarity, and as you go further abroad, even more so.

KMSelf 2006-10-22

Pronunciation
Can somebody add the proper pronunciation? Jordan Brown 07:17, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

I see that Uriel8 has added it. Thanks. Jordan Brown 05:39, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I always heard it as TAMIL-pice; Uriel had it as tamil-PIOUS. Which is correct? kwami 08:55, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

I've lived near Mount Tamalpais for 37 years,, and I've always heard tam-ul-PI-ous. Four syllables, accent on the third.Jim Heaphy (talk) 15:29, 27 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Me too. TAM-il-PI-ous is what I've always heard. TAM as is "tampering".  il as in "felling ill". PI as in "apple pie". ous as in "pious". Stwiso (talk) 22:04, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

Mountain Biking section (criticism)
This section would seem appropriate to Mt. Tamalpais State Park, and not "unencyclopedic". Mt. Tam is the birthplace of mountain biking and provides ideal beginner to advanced mountain biking terrain on its extensive trails system. It is a premier and renowned mountain biking recreation destination. uriel8  (talk)  02:10, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The way it reads now is most certainly unencyclopedic and most of it should be deleted. Wikipedia is not a random collection of information, is not a travel or hiking guide, and is not a "how to" manual. The kind of information that's in these sections mostly belongs in Wikibooks, not in Wikipedia. The fact that Mount Tamalpais played an important role in the development of mountain biking is encyclopedic and deserves mention. A guide to scenic places to go mountain biking is unencyclopedic "how to" information. And a section titled "List of Rides with Maps and Detailed Trail Descriptions - Hikers Welcome!" is the very definition of "unencyclopedic". Peter G Werner 01:17, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

The "Sleeping Lady": Miwok Legend or Urban Legend?
I've tagged the statement "Its name, first recorded in 1845, is said to be derived from a Miwok word meaning "Sleeping Maiden", because it resembles the silhouette of a reclining woman" as "dubious". I'll have to track down sources for this, but if I'm not mistaken, the origin of the name "Tamalpais" is not well-established and almost certainly has no relation to any Miwok term for "sleeping lady". In fact, if I'm not mistaken the so-called Legend of the Sleeping Lady has no basis at all in Coast Miwok mythology and instead is based on a late 19th-century pseudo-Indian romance written about Mt. Tamalpais. I'll try to track down some facts on the subject and revise this material for accuracy. Peter G Werner 02:07, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Yep, its definitely apocryphal. I found an article called "Mt. Tamalpais: The Legendary Birth of a Holy Mountain" and a book called "Dreams of Tamalpais" which discuss this piece of folklore in considerable detail. (Interestingly, there's a mountain in Alaska and another in Mexico with almost exactly the same mythology.) I've started a breakout article on The Sleeping Lady – just a stub now, but I hope to expand it as I find time. Peter G Werner 07:41, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

You can only see the "sleeping lady" or "sleeping maiden" profile of Mt. Tamalpais from the East Bay. I think it's an Ohlone tribe legend. To see the sleeping maiden, on a clear day, drive West on CA-580 from Castro Valley to San Leandro (California) or there abouts (might try looking at Mt. Tam from up on the 159th Avenue Overpass). She's laying on her back, in profile. Her long hair flows toward the east, her face is turned slightly northwest. Takes a little imagination to see her brow, cheek, chin, and chest. Her left arm extends along her side, and her open hand rests palm-down on her thigh. Her legs and feet sort of "melt" away toward the west. I'll try to capture a photo. Sixty years ago (1950s), California-native parents in the East Bay pointed out Mt. Tam and the sleeping maiden profile to their kids. Those kids told their friends to show off. I think the vision is being lost because no one points out the profile anymore (in this year 2014, anyway). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.184.52.212 (talk) 03:53, 8 April 2014 (UTC)

Photo of "sleeping maiden" of Mt. Tam with description labels. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.184.52.212 (talk) 02:05, 20 April 2014 (UTC)

Natural history expansion needs
I had originally tagged the "Natural history" section with an "expand" tag because there are entire sections missing, as well as established sections that need expansion. I recently added one of the more glaring omissions, on plant communities. It absolutely still needs a section on wildlife (eg, animals). It also could use something on hydrology – streams, lakes, etc, though I suppose that could also go under "Geography". "Geology and soils" could use significant expansion as well. Some material on conservation and management issues would be useful as well, but that could go in a separate section outside of "natural history", perhaps. Peter G Werner 02:52, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Info Box photo
I suggest a photo that shows more the the dramatic height of the mountain compared to the surrounding terrain. The current photo conceals this aspect of the mountain.Stwiso (talk) 21:25, 1 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I second the above sggestion. Viewed from the East Bay Area,"Mt.Tam" is a very dramatic sight. In the picture currently included one can hardly even see a mountain.(I moved away decades ago or I would take a pic and send it in).76.95.209.135 (talk) 23:24, 13 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Agree. I'll try to put some photo requests in the project templates above.--Hjal (talk) 00:34, 14 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Hey  and, I just switched out the photo, and I think the image I added is just what you asked for. A view of Mt. Tam from Coyote ridge, to the south. I've been photographing Mt. Tam for a while now, and this is my favorite, since the late afternoon sun shows the contours well. Hope you like it. Jmatazzoni (talk) 17:39, 16 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Thank you, . Much better photo. --Hjal (talk) 09:38, 3 April 2018 (UTC)

Why did you censor the West Point Inn?
As you may or may not know, it is a non-profit organization and it is a landmark on Mt. Tam that hundreds of hikers, cyclists and runners visit every year. Why should it be invisible on Wikipedia? Stwiso (talk) 16:49, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

 * In my opinion it was too tour guide like. See my notes on your talk page. I'm not the great authority on all things Wiki. Consider adding an article to Wikitravel or Wikia Travel. Neither have an article on Mount Tamalpais. If you wish you can restore your edit and I will not revert it twice. Consider reading WP:NOTRAVEL first though. I do not consider my edit censorship just copy editing. – droll  [chat]  20:08, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Why do you have the purported authority to grant or withhold permission? Have you ever been to Mt. Tamalpais? I live on it and people ask all the time about the West Point Inn.  Why did you not censor the Mt Play totally commercial insert?  Thank God you "permitted" that because it is a beloved (albeit commercial) aspect of the mountain. Do you report to someone at Wikipedia, and, if so, how do I escalate this to that level? Stwiso (talk) 05:18, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

 * You are always free to edit Wikipedia and, as I noted above, you can revert my edit. The first step in resolving a conflict is try and work it out between the two of us. The next step would be to ask for a third opinion, perhaps from an experience editor or an administrator. Another option is to ask a question at the help desk. You should be aware that conflicts are usually resolved through consensus. I should probably ask if you have a vested interest in the West Point Inn. – droll  [chat]  23:03, 3 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Although it is none of your business, and although your question is impliedly insulting, I have no connection to the Inn, other than to provide to people, mostly tourists who have seen it and whom I meet on the mountain, the information that they ask for and would find in any encyclopedia, but which you censored so that they will not see it on Wikipedia. I asked you if you had ever been there, but you ducked the question; you "should probably" answer that question. You also said "I'm not the great authority on all things Wiki" but I found a page indicating that you have least 56,000 Wikipedia edits. Please explain why you performed so many edits without being an expert. You have tried to steer me to the commercial site WikiTravel and to no other site.  I "should probably ask" do you have any connection with that commercial site and how many edits you have made to it? Wikipedia is a wonderful interactive collaborative invention.  It makes the saying "people helping people" come alive; until editors come to believe that they alone have sole ownership of an article, particularly one on a topic about which they have no personal knowledge and have done no research. Stwiso (talk) 05:29, 4 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The answer to your unanswered question is yes. – droll  [chat]  06:47, 4 June 2010 (UTC)
 * West Point Inn is one of several places that hikers on Mt. Tam regularly visit. Others include the Tourist Club (a hiking club), the Mountain Home Inn (a restaurant that, until circa 1975, catered almost exclusively to hikers) the Mountain Theatre, Muir Woods. All these places are worth a mention, along with some of the more popular hiking trails, e.g., Matt Davis trail. The first few seconds of this video show West Point Inn: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3S7vNkR_gc Zyxwv99 (talk) 13:47, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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Edit Request - Popular culture
Greg Henderson (talk) 16:17, 1 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Under the section Popular culture please add the following at the bottom of the list:
 * Alexander J. Stark published postcards under the name Zan of Tamalpais, featuring scenic views of Mill Valley, Muir Woods, Mount Tamalpais, Marin Hills, and more.
 * Unless an article is created for Starck, I am hesitant to call this information notable. Cristiano Tomás (talk) 20:34, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I have created an article for Stark here: Draft:Alexander J. Stark. Greg Henderson (talk) 20:37, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * , Not an improvement. Opening a new edit request to shop for someone who might bite after being declined twice is not an appropriate editing. Like what you did here back then, this kind of content addition is inappropriate for the same reason. Knock it off. Graywalls (talk) 21:49, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mount Tamalpais


text:
Mojca Drčar Murko

Mojca Drčar Murko (born 2 July 1942 in Ljubljana) is a Slovenian politician and a former Member of the European Parliament. She is a member of Liberal Democracy of Slovenia, which is part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety.

She is also a substitute for the Committee on Regional Development, a member of the delegation to the EU–North Macedonia Joint Parliamentary Committee, a substitute for the delegation to the EU–Croatia Joint Parliamentary Committee, and a substitute for the delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly.

Education

 * 1965: Law degree from the University of Ljubljana
 * 1973: Master's degree in public and civil law from the University of Zagreb

Career

 * Foreign correspondent for Delo newspaper (1978–1982 in Bonn, 1989–1993 in Rome and 1997–2004 in Vienna)
 * 1974-1976: Chairwoman of the tribunal of the Journalists' Association of Slovenia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mojca Drčar Murko


text:
Saïd Sadi

Saïd Sadi (Kabyle: Sεid Seεdi) (born 26 August 1947) is an Algerian politician who was President of the Rally for Culture and Democracy (RCD) until 2012. He is founder of the first Algerian human rights league.

Born at Aghribs, now in Tizi Ouzou Province, Sadi is a psychiatrist by profession. He was among the first Berber intellectuals who, from the early days of the country's independence in 1962, began to openly challenge by peaceful means the Algerian government policies of oppression and denial of the rights of the Berber population. He was jailed on several occasions for his political views.

Following the collapse of the one-party state in 1988, Sadi founded the RCD in 1989 on the basis of secularism and cultural pluralism; the party has found a niche as a Liberal party espousing Kabyle Berber grievances.

He was a candidate in the 1995 presidential election and received 9% of the vote. He boycotted the 1999 presidential election but participated in the 2004 presidential election, receiving 1.9% of the vote on that occasion.

Sadi announced on 15 January 2009 that the RCD would not participate in the April 2009 presidential election, which he described as a "pathetic and dangerous circus", saying that to participate "would be tantamount to complicity in an operation of national humiliation". He decided to step down from the presidency of his party to become a simple activist. "With a serene conscience and full confidence in the future, I announce my decision not to stand for re-election as president of the RCD," he told the congressmen.

On 9 March 2012 he officially resigned from the presidency of the RCD at a party congress. Mohcine Belabbes was elected as his replacement the following day, at the same congress.

On February 9, 2018, Saïd Sadi announced his withdrawal from the RCD.

title: Saïd Sadi


text: Talk:Berrian Mountain

title: Talk:Berrian Mountain


text:
Talk:Cheyenne Mountain Complex

Mockingjay pop culture reference removed
Twice, editors have in good faith added references to Mockingjay to this article, as a possible "District 13" location. That's not backed up by any references, and the bunker complex described in "Mockingjay" is much larger (city-sized), but less hardened. The Central Government War Headquarters, UK, with ten miles of roadways and a capacity of 4000 people, or the US's Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center would be a better match. --John Nagle (talk) 06:37, 30 November 2013 (UTC)

Cheyenne Mountain article discussion
Please see the Talk:Colorado Springs, Colorado posting about the different Cheyenne Mountain articles.-- CaroleHenson (talk) 22:38, 30 January 2015 (UTC)

Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station / nuclear bunker
I've posted a question at Talk:Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station about the distinction between the Cheyenne Mountain nuclear bunker and the Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station. Any clarification or input there is much appreciated!-- CaroleHenson (talk) 05:02, 19 February 2015 (UTC)

Requested move 21 February 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Move. Cúchullain t/ c 20:23, 16 March 2015 (UTC)

Cheyenne Mountain nuclear bunker → Cheyenne Mountain Complex – Cheyenne Mountain nuclear bunker is not the name of the facility. It is most commonly called Cheyenne Mountain Complex, although there are other names that indicate the NORAD/USNORTHCOM command status at three distinct periods of time, such as NORAD Combat Operations Center, Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center, and NORAD and USNORTHCOM Alternate Command Center (which will be clarified in the history section of the article).
 * NORAD has a Fact Sheet for Cheyenne Mountain Complex
 * Articles written by the military about the location include "Cheyenne Mountain Complex" (google books search: intitle:"Cheyenne Mountain Complex")
 * There are 15,700 books that include "Cheyenne Mountain Complex" and five pages of google news results. There are multiple pages where the U.S. Air Force refers to it as the Cheyenne Mountain Complex. Peterson Air Force Base generally refers to the facility as Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Base, but also refers to it as Cheyenne Mountain Complex.
 * There are less than 28 books that refer to it as "Cheyenne Mountain nuclear bunker", one of those is a Wikipedia based book, and 5 news results. The US Air Force never refers to it as the bunker

[It is also called the Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station, (see Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station Fact Sheet) which now has control of the facility. Other units, such as NORAD and USNORTHCOM, are located in the facility/complex. The article about the Air Force Station is written from that standpoint.] CaroleHenson (talk) 06:11, 21 February 2015 (UTC)

 * I have no opinion about this matter, but the Google Books hits have been calculated incorrectly. The (relatively) accurate count for "Cheyenne Mountain Complex" is 101] hits. Cheers, Peacemaker67 (crack... thump) 10:28, 21 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks so much! I learned something today! I ran the query and got 15,400 books... and the only way the count went down was to go to the tenth page, see that there's an 11th page and then click on that page. If there's a quicker way to get to that number I'd appreciate it if you'd let me know... but at least I know a work-around now to double-check counts.-- CaroleHenson (talk) 10:56, 21 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Procedural note – As Cheyenne Mountain Complex is a redirect with a two-edit history (no content edits), I have simplified the request so there's no confusion that this is about moving two separate but related articles. It is implied and understood that if "nuclear bunker" is moved over the "Complex" redirect, then "nuclear bunker" will simply redirect to "Complex" if this request is completed. Wbm1058 (talk) 14:14, 21 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks, !-- CaroleHenson (talk) 22:04, 22 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Support as the common name. I was wondering whether we should treat this as a proper name, but Google Ngrams supports the proper name. Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station should be merged into this article; see Talk:Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station. Wbm1058 (talk) 00:06, 23 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Support per User:Wbm1058 — Amakuru (talk) 13:45, 3 March 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Is this information notable for the article?
There's already a lot of information about the construction of the complex and its facilities. Is any of the following notable for the article?

Colorado School of Mines' Dr Livingston designated precision blasting to prevent later fracture of remaining granite✅ and on December 21, 1961, with excavation 53% complete there were 200 workers on a wildcat strike.✅

On February 21, 1963, for "NORAD Phase II Facilities" ($6,969,000 plus $106,000 additional funds) ✅ Continental Consolidated was contracted for interior construction (blog) that began in March and included clearing the water reservoirs and erecting 11 buildings with 170000 sqft of space:✅ 8 three-story buildings in the "main chambers" and 3 two-story buildings in the support area. Grafe-Wallace, Inc and J. M. Foster Co. received "a joint $7,212,033 contract for installation of utilities and blast-control equipment in April 1964" (e.g., the original six 956-kilowatt diesel powered generators).✅

In June, 3 buildings began occupancy ("South Center Building" on the 11th, "North Center Building": 17th, "Center Building": 28th), basic testing was satisfactory on December 15, and all 11 underground buildings were complete in December.

"Blast-resistant" communication with the DCA network (800 military installations) was originally via Cheyenne Mountain's 2 radio data links and 4 ground lines of the Close-in Automatic Route Restoral System (CARRS). ✅ CARRS nodes included the Black Forest Microwave Station of AT&T to the northeast and the Lamar Communications Facility east-southeast (initially of the 47th Communications Group). The Aviano Air Base correlation center for the Forward Scatter over the Horizon Radar network (440L system with AN/FRT-80 transmitters & AN/FSQ-76 receivers) was also connected to the NORAD Combat Operation Center.

--Any input is much appreciated!-- CaroleHenson (talk) 22:06, 22 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Perhaps the less significant construction details can be split to a sub-article Construction of the Cheyenne Mountain Complex, per WP:summary style, so as not to give undue weight to construction details in the main overview article. Wbm1058 (talk) 23:49, 22 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Great idea! Makes a lot of sense.-- CaroleHenson (talk) 04:23, 23 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Split out construction into the new article and in the process of working on verifying, finding better sources (if needed) and integrating the info above.-- CaroleHenson (talk) 00:55, 24 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Made some more updates from reliable sources, skipped info from Yahoo groups and self-published source. Will try to find other info from reliable sources re: construction.-- CaroleHenson (talk) 22:38, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

Soviet/Russian counterpart
From some sources of my reading, the closest Russian counterpart to the facility is regarded to be Kosvinsky Mountain, finished in early 1996.

However according to this rarther questionally accurate sentence from pre-emptive strike, it is Yamantaw. The Russian military also has a equivalent facility known as SPRN (СПРН), based at Mount Yamantaw in the Urals.

Some clarification on which one is the closer couterpart would help with this article, probably Kovinsky, but maybe someone here knows some stronger references for that.

Signature inserted: 178.167.204.95 23:57, 27 June 2015

 * That's an interesting question, unfortunately, no one has responded. Regarding this posting, there's been no activity on the IP user name since June 2015, but if the individual who posted this now has a username and is watching this page, it would be good to touch base about this. I'm unable to read Russian, so that won't help - and encyclopedias are tertiary sources, so we cannot use it as a source - but I sometimes look at sources like that to get enough information to search for good secondary sources. What we need are reliable secondary sources, like books, magazines, newspapers, etc. I'll poke around a little and maybe in the meantime, if some knows more about this, we could chat.-- CaroleHenson (talk) 08:42, 23 October 2016 (UTC)

 * I happend upon this source that mentions Russian SSA systems on page 11 - and so perhaps there is mention in the source of bunker-type facilities that house the Space Surveilance systems. It's a thought.-- CaroleHenson (talk) 13:51, 23 October 2016 (UTC)

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Coordinate error
The following coordinate fixes are needed for location of Helipad cited under Note B - the given coordinates are outside the perimeter fence and directly adjacent to residential housing and therefore unlikely to be true. The Google imagery is dated 2019 so unlikely that anything has changed. There is nothing in the vicinity marked with the traditional 'H' to signify a helicopter landing pad and the only suitable location is unmarked; so I would remove this note and mapping link until such time as a true location can be determined.

—Findeep (talk) 17:12, 9 December 2019 (UTC)
 * It seems to be a problem of outdated information; there certainly seems to have been a heliport at the coordinates given in the article. This page identifies the heliport as "closed". All the relevant Web pages I've found give the heliport's FAA identifier as CO33, but CO33 appears to be currently assigned to the private Ria Airport in Rush, Colorado. I'm just going to remove the mention of a heliport from the article; anyone who has any information about a current helipad at the Cheyenne Mountain site can add an updated mention, with the correct coordinates. Deor (talk) 19:47, 9 December 2019 (UTC)

Coordinate error
The following coordinate fixes are needed for the location of the fire department - the original source (USGS) carries the correct coordinates but somehow they have been entered as the erroneous ones for the supposed heliport.

The required lat/long pair is: 38.7412551,-104.8390811

—Findeep (talk) 17:18, 9 December 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅. Thanks for pointing out the error. Deor (talk) 19:12, 9 December 2019 (UTC)

Globus radar issue
The article claims By 1995, the AN/FPS-129 HAVE STARE (Globus II) radar in Norway had been upgraded to "relay data to Cheyenne Mountain", which is problematic because this radar was just going operational in California in 1995 and didn't get moved to Norway until '98/'99. Sadly I do not have access to the issues of the Guardian that are provided as a source for this statement. Maybe some editor just added the "in Norway" part without realizing that it was still in Cali at the time? -- Fyrael (talk) 21:13, 30 December 2020 (UTC)

Uncited content
It looks like there's a trend to add uncited content, which I find is generally original research (or they would have added a source).

I removed content that is not cited here. If someone would like to research this information, that would be wonderful!–CaroleHenson (talk) 19:03, 22 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cheyenne Mountain Complex


text:
Talk:Mount of the Holy Cross

Map of Eagle County
The map is nice in theory, but it has nothing else marked on it, nor any scale or legend, so it really isn't useful. If something else can be marked on it, such as I-70, or a single town, and if it can be given a scale, it would be good. Until then I'll take it out. -- Spireguy 21:25, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Jackson's photograph
It should be noted that the photograph by W.H. Jackson on the page is not a completely accurate image of the mountain. The arms of the cross are asymetric- not equal in length, due to the seams in the rock. Jackson retouched his negative to make it more aestheticaly pleasing for viewers.Saxophobia (talk) 16:03, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mount of the Holy Cross


text: Talk:Horsetooth Mountain

title: Talk:Horsetooth Mountain


text:
Jelko Kacin

Jelko Kacin (born 26 November 1955) is a Slovenian politician.

During the Slovenian Independence War, he was the Secretary of Information of Slovenia. He founded the Slovenian Press Agency on 3 June 1991 and the war (also called the Ten-Day War) started on 27 June 1991. He is the former president of the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia and member of the bureau of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, who sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs.

A former Member of the European Parliament, Kacin was also a substitute for the Committee on Transport and Tourism, vice-chair of the delegation to the EU–Moldova Parliamentary Cooperation Committee, a substitute for the delegation to the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia–EU Joint Parliamentary Committee, and for the delegations for relations with Iran, the Korean Peninsula, and the countries of south-east Europe.

Career

 * 1980: Defence studies graduate, University of Ljubljana
 * 1980: Trainee in the Municipality of Kranj
 * 1981: Adviser on defence preparations in the Municipality of Kranj
 * 1984: Adviser on defence training in the Municipality of Kranj
 * 1988: Head of the municipal civil protection unit
 * 1990: Deputy Republican Defence Secretary
 * 1991: Republican Secretary/Minister for Information
 * 1993: Defence Minister
 * 1993: Marketing division, Adria Karavan, Novo mesto
 * 1996: Member of the LDS council
 * 1996: Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee
 * 1996: Member of the Defence Committee and the Constitutional Commission
 * 2000: Member of the Slovenian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
 * 2000: Member of the EU-Slovenia Joint Parliamentary Committee
 * 2000: Head of the national delegation to the IPU
 * 2000: Member of the National Assembly of Slovenia
 * 2000: Chairman of the Foreign Policy Committee
 * 2000: Member of the Defence Committee and the European Affairs Commission
 * 2002: Member of Kranj Municipal Council (1998)
 * 2003: Observer in the European Parliament
 * 2003: Member of the Convention on the Future of Europe
 * 2003: Chairman of the LDS regional committee for Gorenjska
 * 2003: Chairman of the Kranj committee of the LDS
 * 2004: Member of the ALDE Bureau
 * 2005: President of LDS

title: Jelko Kacin


text:
Talk:Mount Massive

class 2
The article mentions a route that's class 2. It'd be helpful to add what rating system this class 2 rating is relative to. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.112.21.41 (talk) 06:31, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mount Massive


text: Talk:Mummy Mountain (Colorado)

title: Talk:Mummy Mountain (Colorado)


text:
File:Druworld-order-cover-2000.jpg

Summary
The cover to Dru Hill's 2002 LP Dru World Order

title: File:Druworld-order-cover-2000.jpg


text:
Talk:Granite Peak (Montana)

Prominence of Granite Peak
I am wondering why somebody would list the prominence of Granite as 8,881 ft. I'd like to know what definition of prominence they are using. The actual value is 4781ft (1457m). Please see www.peaklist.org/USlists/MTP2000.html. 128.173.37.25 01:23, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

The picture with the mountain goat looks as if somebody modified it with Adobe Photoshop

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title: Talk:Granite Peak (Montana)


text:
Talk:Volk (German)

Untitled
>by Adolf Hitler's membership of the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei

iif i remember right he lead the NSDAP (Nationalsozialistische deutsche Arbeiterpartei).. or maybe he was in the 'deutsche arbeiterpartei' before that?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.238.38.216 (talk • contribs) 18:11, 6 February 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Volk (German)


text:
Talk:El Capitan (Texas)

External links modified
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title: Talk:El Capitan (Texas)


text: Talk:Boundary Peak (Nevada)

title: Talk:Boundary Peak (Nevada)


text:
Talk:Wheeler Peak (Nevada)

Reorganization
I wanted to group all of the Boundary vs. Wheeler stuff together; I think it makes more sense that way. I ended up doing a bunch of copyediting as well, e.g. taking out "very"s and some repetition. -- Spireguy 03:10, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Overkill!
First off, this 'mountain vs. mountain' thing is silly. Mountains are inanimate objects. Additionally, this article is written too much like an 'us vs them' proposition. Simply state the facts, not opinions. Also, consider this: if you consider Montgomery and Boundary to be one mountain, then it's a lot larger than you're saying Boundary Peak is.

Bottom line: Second is still second. End of story.Ryoung122 09:32, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wheeler Peak (Nevada)


text: Talk:Bridge Mountain (Nevada)

title: Talk:Bridge Mountain (Nevada)


text: Talk:Mummy Mountain (Nevada)

title: Talk:Mummy Mountain (Nevada)


text:
User talk:Robinbirk

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Jmabel | Talk 18:13, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
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Black Jews
The first thing I would do is to create an article on Alliance of Black Jews, where you can reasonably go on at great length. You don't mention what article you put this in, and I don't recall. Given, however, that they are only 3% of even American Jews, if it was in "Jew" it was, indeed, inappropriate. It would be appropriate in "Jewish_American". I will also reply on your page. Oh, and I'm about to be off line, probably for at least 24 hours. -- Jmabel | Talk 18:13, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

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Speedy deletion nomination of Edna Blanchard
Hello Robinbirk,

I wanted to let you know that I just tagged Edna Blanchard for deletion, because the article doesn't clearly say why the subject is important enough to be included in an encyclopedia.

If you feel that the article shouldn't be deleted and want more time to work on it, you can contest this deletion, but please don't remove the speedy deletion tag from the top.

You can leave a note on my talk page if you have questions.

- Happysailor  (Talk) 22:04, 5 March 2017 (UTC)

Nomination of Edna Blanchard for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Edna Blanchard is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Speedy deletion nomination of User:Robinbirk

A tag has been placed on User:Robinbirk, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

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Sockpuppet investigation
Exemplo347 (talk) 23:01, 5 March 2017 (UTC)

MfD nomination of User:Robinbirk
User:Robinbirk, a page which you created or substantially contributed to (or which is in your userspace), has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Robinbirk and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:Robinbirk during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Exemplo347 (talk) 23:22, 5 March 2017 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of User:Robinbirk

A tag has been placed on User:Robinbirk requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done for the following reason:

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Proposed deletion of Barbara Ciara

The article Barbara Ciara has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Lengthy and overly-padded resume for a non-notable local news host. untouched since 2009"

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title: User talk:Robinbirk


text:
Mihael Brejc

Mihael Brejc, also known as Miha Brejc (born 15 November 1947) is a Slovenian politician and former Member of the European Parliament.

In 2004, Brejc was elected to the European Parliament. He was part of the European People's Party parliamentary group and served as member of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. He was also vice-chairman of the Subcommittee on Security and Defence, a substitute for the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, member of the delegation for relations with South Africa, and a substitute for the delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly.

Biography
Miha Brejc was born to a Slovene family in Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia. His father was Tomo Brejc, an influential antifascist left-wing trade unionist who had emigrated from the Julian March to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the 1920s and fought as a partisan in the Yugoslav People's Liberation War. The family moved back to Slovenia when Miha Brejc was still a child. He studied at the University of Ljubljana, where he graduated in sociology in 1975. He continued his studies at the same university, obtaining a master's degree in 1983 and a PhD in organisational sciences in 1985. He worked at the University of Ljubljana since 1988, first as a senior lecturer and later as a professor.

After the victory of the DEMOS coalition at the first democratic elections in 1990, Brejc was appointed Director of the Slovenian Security and Intelligence Service. He carried out the difficult task of democratization and pluralization of an institution that had served as one of the columns of political oppression during Communist times. In 1992, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia. In 1993, he was dismissed as director of the Security Agency by the then Prime Minister Janez Drnovšek, and returned to the academia.

From 1994 to 1998 he was actively involved in local politics as the Chairman of the Municipal Council of Domžale. During the same period, he also served as the Dean of the High School for Public Administration of the University of Ljubljana. During this time, he advanced several proposals for the reform and modernization of the public administration system in Slovenia.

In 1995 he was elected Vice-President of Social Democratic Party of Slovenia. In 2000, he became the Minister of Labour, Family and Social Affairs in the short-lived centre-right government led by Andrej Bajuk. In 2000, he was elected to the Slovenian Parliament and from 2000 to 2004 he served as Vice-President of the National Assembly of Slovenia.

He is also the chairman of the Slovenia-Taiwan Friendship Association.

His older brother, Tomaž Brejc, is an art critic. His son, Tomo Brejc is a photographer. His son-in-law, Gregor Virant, was the Minister for Public Administration in Janez Janša's government and was the leader of a liberal political party (the Civic List).

title: Mihael Brejc


text: Talk:Mount Crescent

title: Talk:Mount Crescent


text:
University at Buffalo Law School

The University at Buffalo School of Law (also known as State University of New York at Buffalo Law School, or SUNY Buffalo Law School) is the law school of the University at Buffalo. Founded in 1887, and affiliated with Niagara University until 1891, it is the State University of New York (SUNY) system's only law school.

According to the University at Buffalo School of Law's 2023 ABA-required disclosures, 91.72% of the Class of 2023 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation.

Background
The University at Buffalo School of Law has a student-faculty ratio of 5.5:1. Currently, more than 75 percent of its upper division courses comprise fewer than 40 students. In addition, many of the faculty members hold advanced degrees in the social sciences and other disciplines in conjunction with their law degrees.

The first-year program includes traditional legal courses in civil procedure, torts, contracts, property, criminal law, constitutional law, and ethics. In the second and third years students choose from curricular concentrations that allow for in-depth study. Each student has the opportunity to craft a custom-made curriculum, beyond the selected concentrations to build a personalized sequence of courses and experiences.

Under the Law School's Legal Analysis, Writing and Research (LAWR) program, all students complete a 10-credit, three-semester LAWR curriculum, with two semesters in their first year and a third semester during their second or third years. All three semesters are taught by full-time LAWR faculty. Throughout the LAWR program, students learn legal analysis and writing through immersion in the practice of writing, and through cycles of trial and error, feedback, and reflection. Because the courses are taught in small sections with an excellent instructor-to-student ratio, students are inspired to think critically and approach legal questions in a newly disciplined way.

Most students are part of the Juris Doctor (J.D.) program. Interdisciplinary dual degree programs permit J.D. students to seek other graduate degrees along with their J.D., including master's or doctoral degrees from the School of Management, School of Social Work, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, or School of Architecture and Planning. UB Law also has the only post-professional Master of Laws (LL.M.) program in criminal law in the United States, and a general LL.M. program designed exclusively for international students.

The Neil D. Levin Graduate Institute of International Relations and Commerce is a joint program of UB Law with UB's business school. Named after Neil David Levin, the executive director of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey who was killed in the September 11 attacks, the Levin Institute conducts an annual spring semester program in New York City for about 20 students, divided into five teams to work on projects sponsored by law firms and financial institutions. For example, in 2006 the teams were sponsored by CLSA, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson, UBS, Credit Suisse, and M&T Bank.

The general law journal is the  Buffalo Law Review, a student-run publication managed by 3L J.D. candidates. Founded in 1951, the Law Review currently publishes five issues per year (January, April, May, July and December), featuring full length articles by practitioners, professors and students in all areas of law. Each issue contains approximately four such articles and one student-authored comment. Two other specialist journals are also based at the Law School: Buffalo Environmental Law Journal and Buffalo Human Rights Law Review.

The student newspaper, The Opinion, has been in publication since November 29, 1949.

UB's Clinical Legal Education program operate the school's legal clinics, which involve client service, impact litigation, transactional practice, and public policy development. Students participate in clinics throughout the school year and are given classroom credit for their work. The ten clinics are the Animal Law Clinic, Civil Rights and Transparency Clinic, Community Justice Clinic, Environmental Advocacy Clinic, Entrepreneurship Clinic, Family Violence and Women's Rights Clinic, Health Justice Clinic, Mediation Clinic, Puerto Rico Recovery Assistance Legal Clinic, and the U.S.-Mexico Border Clinic.

The Baldy Center for Law & Social Policy is an institute that supports the interdisciplinary study of law, legal institutions, and social policy. Over 200 UB faculty members from various academic departments as well as graduate students participate in Baldy Center research and teaching activities. The Center maintains cooperative ties to other interdisciplinary research centers and co-sponsors a regional network of sociolegal scholars in New York and Canada. The Baldy Center hosts distinguished scholars from around the world as visitors, consultants, and conference participants.

The Charles B. Sears Law Library is UB's law library. It is named for Charles Brown Sears and occupies six floors in the center of the Law School. The Law Library contains 300,000 bound volumes and over 221,000 volumes in microform. Included within the Federal, New York, and State Core Collections are basic legal research tools: court reporters and digests, session laws and codes, rules and regulations, attorney general reports, jurisdictional encyclopedias and citators. The Law Library's special collection includes the Howard R. Berman Collection, Iroquois Books of Marilyn L. Haas, John Lord O'Brian Papers, Law Library Archives, Law School Archives, Morris L. Cohen Rare Book Collection, Onondaga Nation Land Claims Records, Seneca Land Claims Records, Tibetan Legal Manuscripts, and Watergate Collection.

The University at Buffalo School of Law is located on the university's North Campus in O'Brian Hall, which was named after notable alumnus John Lord O'Brian.

Admissions
The class of 2026 had a median LSAT of 156. The median GPA was 3.72. Out of 930 applications, 382 were accepted for a 41.08% acceptance rate, with 141 enrolled.

Employment
According to the University at Buffalo School of Law's official 2023 ABA-required disclosures, 91.72% of the Class of 2023 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation. The University at Buffalo School of Law's Law School Transparency under-employment score is 6.4%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2023 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation.

Costs
Tuition for the 2023-24 academic year will be $26,170 for in-state residents with a $3,078 comprehensive fee. The combined tuition, fees, and living expenses for state residents is $52,010 with an additional $4,990 for out-of-state residents. 80% of the student body received grants and scholarships. The school does not award scholarships that may be reduced or eliminated based on law school academic performance other than failure to maintain good academic standing.

Notable faculty

 * Thomas Buergenthal – judge, International Court of Justice – professor 1962–1975
 * William R. Greiner – former President of University at Buffalo, 1991–2004; former professor, provost, and dean of the University at Buffalo Law School
 * Jacob D. Hyman – former dean
 * Muhammad Kenyatta – visiting professor, 1988-1992
 * David Riesman – sociologist, author of The Lonely Crowd, professor 1937–1941
 * Clyde Summers (1918–2010) – labor lawyer and law professor at the University of Pennsylvania Law School

Notable alumni

 * Michael A. Battle (1984) – director, Executive Office for United States Attorneys (2005–2007); United States Attorney for the Western District of New York (2002–2005)
 * Harry Bronson – New York State Assemblyman
 * Ronald Castorina Jr. – Former New York State Assemblyman (2016-2018); Former Commissioner NYC Board of Elections (2013-2015)
 * Eugene M. Fahey – Associate judge of New York State Court of Appeals
 * Joseph S. Forma – Judge, New York Supreme Court
 * Paul L. Friedman (1968) – United States District Judge, United States District Court for the District of Columbia
 * Julio M. Fuentes (1975) – United States Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (Newark, New Jersey duty station)
 * David Gray (1870–1968) - United States Ambassador to Ireland from 1940 to 1947, playwright, novelist, and lawyer
 * William J. Hochul Jr. (1984) – United States Attorney for the Western District of New York (2010–2016)
 * Sara Horowitz – Founder of Freelancers Union and Director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York
 * Nicole Lee, Executive Director of TransAfrica.
 * Henry J. Nowak – U.S. Representative (1975–1993)
 * John Lord O'Brian – United States Attorney for the Western District of New York (1909–1914), Special U.S. Assistant Attorney General, War Emergency Division (1917–1919), U.S. Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division (1929–1933), General Counsel of the War Production Board (1941–1944)
 * Denise O'Donnell – Former United States Attorney for the Western District of New York, New York State Attorney General Candidate, and Senior Adviser to New York Governor David Paterson and Eliot Spitzer.
 * Eugene F. Pigott Jr. – associate judge, New York Court of Appeals (2006–2016)
 * Jack Quinn III – Former New York State Assembly Member (2004–2010)
 * Cynthia M. Rufe (1977) – United States District Judge, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
 * Hugh B. Scott – Magistrate Judge, United States District Court for the Western District of New York; first African-American federal prosecutor
 * Virginia A. Seitz – prominent attorney, former law clerk to Justice William J. Brennan Jr., U.S. Supreme Court
 * Michael A. Telesca – United States District Judge, United States District Court for the Western District of New York
 * Wallace Thayer New York State Assemblyman (1914)
 * Dennis Vacco – New York State Attorney General (1994–1998)
 * Dale Volker – New York State Senator
 * Raymond Walter – New York State Assemblyman
 * Jeffrey White – Judge, United States District Court for the Northern District of California

title: University at Buffalo Law School


text: Talk:Mount Eisenhower

title: Talk:Mount Eisenhower


text: Talk:Mount Kelsey

title: Talk:Mount Kelsey


text: Category:High schools in Canada

title: Category:High schools in Canada


text:
Romana Jordan Cizelj

Romana Jordan (born 8 January 1966) is a Slovenian politician and physicist, currently serving as Member of the European Parliament (MEP). She is a member of the Slovenian Democratic Party, which is part of the European People's Party, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy.

Romana Jordan was born in the Styrian town of Celje, where she attended the Celje First Grammar School. In 1990 she graduated in electrical engineering at the University of Ljubljana and in 2000 she obtained a PhD on a thesis on nuclear engineering. Between 1990 and 2002 she worked as a researcher at the Jožef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana.

She entered active politics in 1998, when she was elected on the Supervisory Board of the municipality of Domžale. In 2002, she was elected member of the Domžale Municipal Council on the list of the Slovenian Democratic Party. In 2004, she was elected to the European Parliament.

Romana Jordan is a substitute for the Committee on Budgets, a substitute for the temporary committee on policy challenges and budgetary means of the enlarged Union 2007–2013, a member of the delegation for relations with the United States, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with Canada. She represented the Parliament at the 2008 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Poznań, Poland and the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen.

title: Romana Jordan Cizelj


text:
Llanfaglan

Llanfaglan is a parish in Gwynedd, north-west Wales. It lay in the medieval cwmwd of Is Gwyrfai.

Llanfaglan is a medieval parish bordering with the parish of Llanbeblig, Caernarfon, on the shore of the Menai Strait and Traeth y Foryd.

It is in the modern community of Bontnewydd.

The church in Llanfaglan, St Baglan's (Grid reference ) stands alone in the middle of a field and is now owned by the Friends of Friendless Churches. In 2005, it was discovered that the church and the older part of the cemetery were part of a pentagonal enclosure. The period of this enclosure is not known as it is the only one of this type known of in Europe up to now. A 5th or 6th Century gravestone inscribed with Fili Lovernii Anatemori, has been reused as a lintel over the door. This was the gravestone of Anatemarios, mab Loverniws. Although the Christian church probably dates from the 13th century, additions date from the 17th century as do the internal fittings. The church remains consecrated and is still in occasional use.

Anatemori Fili Lovernii
This notes the burial place of Lovernii the son of Anatemori. These are Brythonic names in a Latin inscription, not Latin names as claimed by some. the only Latin word here is Fili. This stone dates from roughly the end of the 5th to early 6th century. Loverniws is a personal name, in Cornish Lowern and in Breton, Louarn, (still in use today as a personal name). The Modern Welsh name is Llwynog (meaning fox). Whoever Lonerniws was, he was someone of status in society, as he was named after an animal. We see this with the first nations people of North America. His father's name Anatemarios means Enaid and Mawr giving the name Enaidfawr. This is the influence of Latin because of the Roman settlement at Segontium nearby, where we see the Brythonic language being corrupted by Latin, Brythonic is the British language from which Welsh, Cornish and Breton has evolved from today.

Ffynnon Faglan
Next to the church in an open field once stood a well known as Ffynnon Faglan or Baglan's Well (B mutates to F). Llanfaglan was said to be the holy place of St. Baglan yg Coet Alun and the erection of the well was attributed to him. The water in the well was said to have healing powers. The afflicted area would be bathed and then into the well would be dropped a pin. The well was used also for the cure of warts. The wart would be washed, pricked with a pin and the pin then thrown into the well. The well was subsequently dredged in the nineteenth century (two basins of bent pins were recovered) and no longer exists, as it was completely removed around 2011.

Maen Bedydd Baglan
A font is carved into the rock within a few yards of the site of the well. An article relating to this stone can be seen in the book Cam Arall i'r Gorffennol by Rhys Mwyn a renowned Archeologist in Wales (ISBN 978-1-84527-567-9) published by Gwasg Carreg Gwalch.

title: Llanfaglan


text:
Talk:Bear Mountain (New York)

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title: Talk:Bear Mountain (New York)


text:
San Marcos

San Marcos is the Spanish form of "Saint Mark".

In English, it may also refer to:

Argentina

 * San Marcos, Salta

Colombia

 * San Marcos, Antioquia
 * San Marcos, Sucre

Costa Rica

 * San Marcos, Costa Rica (aka San Marcos de Tarrazú)

Ecuador

 * San Marcos, Quito
 * San Marcos Island, a former name of Santiago Island in the Galapagos

El Salvador

 * San Marcos, El Salvador

Guatemala

 * San Marcos Department
 * San Marcos, Guatemala

Honduras

 * San Marcos de Caiquín
 * San Marcos de Colón
 * San Marcos, Ocotepeque
 * San Marcos, Santa Bárbara

Mexico

 * San Marcos, Baja California Sur
 * San Marcos, Guerrero
 * San Marcos, Jalisco

Nicaragua

 * San Marcos, Carazo

Peru

 * San Marcos, Cajamarca
 * San Marcos Province

United States

 * San Marcos, California
 * Lake San Marcos, California
 * California State University San Marcos (in relation to other CSU campuses)
 * Cal State San Marcos Cougars, athletics teams
 * San Marcos, Texas
 * San Marcos River, Texas

Other

 * Castillo de San Marcos in St. Augustine, Florida; massive Spanish fortification, the oldest extant masonry fort in today's United States
 * FC San Marcos, Nicaraguan football club
 * La Casona de San Marcos, a large colonial building in Lima, Peru
 * Jardín de San Marcos, a Garden located in the Historic Centre of Aguascalientes, Mexico
 * National University of San Marcos, Peru
 * San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park, Florida, U.S.; site of a 17th/18th-century Spanish fort along the Gulf Coast; utilized up through the 19th-century American Civil War
 * San Marcos de Arica, Chilean football club
 * San Marcos High School (Santa Barbara, California), U.S.
 * San Marcos, a fictional Central American banana republic in the 1971 motion picture Bananas, in an episode of The A-Team, and in a 2014 episode of Archer
 * San Marcos, León, former monastery in León
 * USS San Marcos (LSD-25), a warship of the United States Navy

title: San Marcos


text:
Limiting factor

A limiting factor is a variable of a system that causes a noticeable change in output or another measure of a type of system. The limiting factor is in a pyramid shape of organisms going up from the producers to consumers and so on. A factor not limiting over a certain domain of starting conditions may yet be limiting over another domain of starting conditions, including that of the factor.

Overview
The identification of a factor as limiting is possible only in distinction to one or more other factors that are non-limiting. Disciplines differ in their use of the term as to whether they allow the simultaneous existence of more than one limiting factor which (may then be called "co-limiting"), but they all require the existence of at least one non-limiting factor when the terms are used. There are several different possible scenarios of limitation when more than one factor is present. The first scenario, called single limitation occurs when only one factor, the one with maximum demand, limits the System. Serial co-limitation is when one factor has no direct limiting effects on the system, but must be present to increase the limitation of a second factor. A third scenario, independent limitation, occurs when two factors both have limiting effects on the system but work through different mechanisms. Another scenario, synergistic limitation, occurs when both factors contribute to the same limitation mechanism, but in different ways.

In 1905 Frederick Blackman articulated the role of limiting factors as follows: "When a process is conditioned as to its rapidity by several separate factors the rate of the process is limited by the pace of the slowest factor." In terms of the magnitude of a function, he wrote, "When the magnitude of a function is limited by one of a set of possible factors, increase of that factor, and of that one alone, will be found to bring about an increase of the magnitude of the function."

Ecology
In population ecology, a regulating factor, also known as a limiting factor, is something that keeps a population at equilibrium (neither increasing nor decreasing in size over time). Common limiting factor resources are environmental features that limit the growth, abundance, or distribution of an organism or a population of organisms in an ecosystem. The concept of limiting factors is based on Liebig's Law of the Minimum, which states that growth is controlled not by the total amount of resources available, but by the scarcest resource. In other words, a factor is limiting if a change in the factor produces increased growth, abundance, or distribution of an organism when other factors necessary to the organism's life do not. Limiting factors may be physical or biological.

Limiting factors are not limited to the condition of the species. Some factors may be increased or reduced based on circumstances. An example of a limiting factor is sunlight in the rain forest, where growth is limited to all plants on the forest floor unless more light becomes available. This decreases the number of potential factors that could influence a biological process, but only one is in effect at any one place and time. This recognition that there is always a single limiting factor is vital in ecology, and the concept has parallels in numerous other processes. The limiting factor also causes competition between individuals of a species population. For example, space is a limiting factor. Many predators and prey need a certain amount of space for survival: food, water, and other biological needs. If the population of a species is too high, they start competing for those needs. Thus the limiting factors hold down population in an area by causing some individuals to seek better prospects elsewhere and others to stay and starve. Some other limiting factors in biology include temperature and other weather related factors. Species can also be limited by the availability of macro- and micronutrients. There has even been evidence of co-limitation in prairie ecosystems. A study published in 2017 showed that sodium (a micronutrient) had no effect on its own, but when in combination with nitrogen and phosphorus (macronutrients), it did show positive effects, which is evidence of serial co-limitation.

Oceanography
In oceanography, a prime example of a limiting factor is a limiting nutrient. Nutrient availability in freshwater and marine environments plays a critical role in determining what organisms survive and thrive. Nutrients are the building blocks of all living organisms, as they support biological activity. They are required to make proteins, DNA, membranes, organelles, and exoskeletons. The major elements that constitute >95% of organic matter mass are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. Minor elements are iron, manganese, cobalt, zinc and copper. These minor elements are often only present in trace amounts but they are key as co-limiting factors as parts of enzymes, transporters, vitamins and amino acids. Within aquatic environments, nitrogen and phosphorus are leading contenders for most limiting nutrients.

Discovery of the Redfield ratio was a major insight that helped understand the relationship between nutrient availability in seawater and their relative abundance in organisms. Redfield was able to notice elemental consistencies between carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus when looking at larger organisms living in the ocean (C:N:P = 106:16:1). He also observed consistencies in nutrients within the water column; nitrate to phosphate ratio was 16:1. The overarching idea was that the environment fundamentally influences the organisms that grow in it and the growing organisms fundamentally influence the environment. Redfield's opening statement in his 1934 paper explains "It is now well recognized that the growth of plankton in the surface layers of the sea is limited in part by the quantities of phosphate and nitrate available for their use and that the changes in the relative quantities of certain substances in seawater are determined in their relative proportions by biological activity". Deviations from Redfield can be used to infer elemental limitations. Limiting nutrients can be discussed in terms of dissolved nutrients, suspended particles and sinking particles, among others. When discussing dissolved nutrient stoichiometry, large deviations from the original Redfield ratio can determine if an environment is phosphorus limited or nitrogen limited. When discussing suspended particle stoichiometry, higher N:P ratios are noted in oligotrophic waters (environments dominated by cyanobacteria; low latitudes/equator) and lower N:P ratios are noted in nutrient rich ecosystems (environments dominated by diatoms; high latitudes/poles).

Many areas are severely nitrogen limited, but phosphorus limitation has also been observed. In many instances trace metals or co-limitation occur. Co-limitations refer to where two or more nutrients simultaneously limit a process. Pinpointing a single limiting factor can be challenging, as nutrient demand varies between organisms, life cycles, and environmental conditions (e.g. thermal stress can increase demand on nutrients for biological repairs).

Business and technology
AllBusiness.com defines a limiting (constraining) factor as an "item that restricts or limits production or sale of a given product". The examples provided include: "limited machine hours and labor-hours and shortage of materials and skilled labor. Other limiting factors may be cubic feet of display or warehouse space, or working capital." The term is also frequently used in technology literature.

The analysis of limiting business factors is part of the program evaluation and review technique, critical path analysis, and theory of constraints as presented in the novel The Goal.

Chemistry
In stoichiometry of a chemical reaction to produce a chemical product, it may be observed or predicted that with amounts supplied in specified proportions, one of the reactants will be consumed by the reaction before the others. The amount of product is thus limited by the supply of this reagent. This limiting reagent determines the theoretical yield of the reaction. The other reactants are said to be non-limiting or in excess. This distinction makes sense only when the chemical equilibrium so favors the products to cause the complete consumption of one of the reactants.

In studies of reaction kinetics, the rate of progress of the reaction may be limited by the concentration of one of the reactants or catalyst. In multi-step reactions, a step may be rate-limiting in terms of production of the final product. In vivo, in an organism or in an ecologic system, such factors as those may be rate-limiting, or in the overall analysis of a multi-step process including biologic, geologic, hydrologic, or atmospheric transport and chemical reactions, transport of a reactant may be limiting.

title: Limiting factor


text:
Ljudmila Novak

Ljudmila Novak (born 1 August 1959) is a Slovenian politician and a Member of the European Parliament. She is the president of the New Slovenia – Christian People's Party. Since 21 December 2011, she has been the vice-president of the Slovenian National Assembly.

Early life and career
Novak was born in Maribor. She studied Slovene and German language at the University of Maribor. Between 1982 and 2001, she worked as a school teacher, first in Murska Sobota, and then in Višnja Gora and finally in Moravče.

Political career
Novak entered politics in 2001, when she was elected mayor of Moravče. In 2002, she became a member of the Executive Council of New Slovenia party. In 2004, she was elected to the European Parliament. As a member of the European People's Party, she was named a member of the Committee on Culture and Education. In 2022, she joined the Committee of Inquiry to investigate the use of Pegasus and equivalent surveillance spyware. She is also a substitute for the Committee on Regional Development, a member of the delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly and a substitute for the delegation for relations with Mercosur.

After the Slovenian parliamentary election of 2008, when New Slovenia failed to gain any seats in the National Assembly (NA), the lower house of the Slovenian parliament, Novak was elected president of the party. At the 2011 Slovenian parliamentary election, the party won 4 seats in the NA.

She learned and practiced the language Esperanto in her youth, but she does not actively speak it today. She still understands it. In 2007 she participated in the 7th congress of the European Esperanto Union in Maribor, Slovenia. On 21 January 2009, she presented to the European Parliament in the Committee of Culture (under the sign PE 416.668v01-00) in the framework of the debate/opinion on multilingualism of Vasco Graça Moura three proposals for change in article 4, touching on Esperanto.

title: Ljudmila Novak


text:
Forskolin

Forskolin (coleonol) is a labdane diterpene produced by the plant Coleus barbatus (blue spur flower). Other names include pashanabhedi, Indian coleus, makandi, HL-362, mao hou qiao rui hua. As with other members of the large diterpene class of plant metabolites, forskolin is derived from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Forskolin contains some unique functional elements, including the presence of a tetrahydropyran-derived heterocyclic ring. Forskolin is commonly used in laboratory research to increase levels of cyclic AMP by stimulation of adenylate cyclase.

Mechanism of action
Forskolin is commonly used in biochemistry to raise levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the study and research of cell physiology. Forskolin activates the enzyme adenylyl cyclase and increases intracellular levels of cAMP. cAMP is an important second messenger necessary for the proper biological response of cells to hormones and other extracellular signals. It is required for cell communication in the hypothalamus/pituitary gland axis and for the feedback control of hormones via induction of corticotropin-releasing factor gene transcription. Cyclic AMP acts by activating cAMP-sensitive pathways such as protein kinase A and EPAC1.

Derivatives
Its derivatives include colforsin daropate, NKH477, and FSK88, which may be more potent than forskolin at raising cAMP. These derivatives may have pharmaceutical utility against bronchoconstriction and heart failure.

Chemical synthesis
A total chemical synthesis has been reported. The key step of this chemical synthesis is photocyclization of a synthetic intermediate in presence of oxygen and methylene blue, followed by a singlet oxygen Diels-Alder reaction.

Biosynthesis
The heterocyclic ring is synthesized after the formation of the trans-fused carbon ring systems formed by a carbocation mediated cyclization. The remaining tertiary carbocation is quenched by a molecule of water. After deprotonation, the remaining hydroxy group is free to form the heterocyclic ring. This cyclization can occur either by attack of the alcohol oxygen onto the allylic carbocation formed by loss of diphosphate, or by an analogous SN2'-like displacement of the diphosphate. This forms the core ring system A of forskolin.

The remaining modifications of the core ring system A can putatively be understood as a series of oxidation reactions to form a poly-ol B which is then further oxidized and esterified to form the ketone and acetate ester moieties seen in forskolin. However, because the biosynthetic gene cluster has not been described, this putative synthesis could be incorrect in the sequence of oxidation/esterification events, which could occur in almost any order.

Fat loss
In animals, forskolin, or extracts of Coleus barbatus containing forskolin, reduce food intake, body weight, and fat mass. In humans, forskolin reduces body fat mass while increasing lean body mass. In mice, extracts of Coleus forskohlii exhibited dose-dependent liver toxicity although purified forskolin did not exhibit liver toxicity.

Other
Forskolin has been used in traditional medicine for treating heart failure.

title: Forskolin