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Talk:America's Army/Archive 2

Gameplay
Quote: added the negative side to your positive one (I kmow I only added the bad before that too))
 * What the hell? Is this section about the gameplay or is about the controversies of the game. You didn't ADD anything, you replaced. I'm so sick of this article. You can edit and add all the BS you want. I'm done. K1Bond007 18:41, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

I concentrated on the map and objectives of the map "Hospital". It is the map mostly played. I only stated the objectives of one team. Then you came up with the objectives of the other team replacing. Now I came up with the objectives of both teams.

(though some players have multiple accounts) that's too inaccurate. The fact that player accounts don't get deleted and that half of them hasn't even done the training and who knows exactly how many player accounts there are? Can a site that pretends to have over 4 millions players, which is, of course, a lie and that pretends to have included "players are bound by the laws of land warfare" but has never heard of the Geneva Conventions.... There's not even safety like for e-mail providers because they'd even like it when someone writes a program creating ten accounts per seconds which is possible or maybe they made the number up. Who knows? Honesty is obviously not an army value...

Controversy: it is about political themes (I don't know what is meant by 'nationalist' but the game describes the US soldier as superior to the other soldiers. He's more gorgeous, fights for the right cause, fights evil, defends freedom, has the finest special forces, comes from the finest military stations, is supported by allies (but they're uglier than him) is always enthusiastic and so on.... well maybe 'nationalist' doesn't totally fit but political is true). Giving a good impression of the army IS political. Recruitment is related to politics and advertisement. Read the new external link (3.2.)

Gameplay: Don't try to play down what the killing of human beings means even if it could be considered a negative aspect. It's worth mentioning. I know your argument is "it's just a game" and that other games are like that too but if they tell it is a representation of the U.S. Army and their wars, it should be considered as what their enemies are described. AAO really is an interesting game... 62.134.104.30 18:54, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Political themes occur in advertising just as much as they do in propaganda. Ever see campaign ads? "I'm George Bush and I approve this message?" Also, AA is a first-person shooter like any other. What would you expect? You get points for hugging human beings? Andre ( talk )A| 19:29, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

Maybe that's why they call it ELECTION PROPAGANDA rather than election advertisement. If AA was a normal first-person shooter, they wouldn't call it realistic, they wouldn't say it represents the U.S.Army and so on. It's just a logical conclusion that the game rewards and punishes actions. Of course, they punish FF. Otherwise it would be a chaos. But I call it perverse if you call the killing of enemies honorable and "appropriate behavior". There were no own opinions included so why remove it?

 * Actually, no, it's called election advertisement. At any rate, I added in the sentence "Many critics of the game feel that these aspects, normal in first-person shooters, should not be present in something that claims to represent the army, to whatever degree." to express your POV of this normal FPS behavior being inappropriate. However, making it seem unusual and abnormal for FPSes would be false and POV. Killing enemies is appropriate behavior in FPSes. Andre ( talk )A| 19:50, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

If the "publicity and promotion to further a candidate's chance of being elected top an office or post" is not called "election propaganda", my dictionary lies to us again! Oh come on, this is getting so childish. Enter "election propaganda" into google and compare the results to "election advertisement". It's just that the word "advertisement" sounds better. But it is wrong according to the defnition. No! My point is that the game rewards the killing of opponents lastingly and calls it honorable. That's something totally different! And because it claims to represent the army, the consideration of the opponents is worth mentioning. It could just as well only connect the honor to the time played, if Honor needs to be included.

Yes, it's the name that describes the action as honorable, of course, unlike other games. And unlike other games, it even has a lasting effect. If you shoot someone in Counter-Strike, it gives you some money. It doesn't call the action honorable and when you leave the server, the effect is gone forever. It needs to be mentioned and if you call the international image of the U.S. Army and how they lead wars not a political context, I'd be curious if the word "propaganda" exists in your opinion Yes, it describes the experience a soldier gets when he shoots an opponent as honorable, as HONORABLE. Lastingly. That's all. There has never been the question if they ushered that on purpose or not (I think they did it, you think different, the answer who's right or wrong is out there.) so I didn't mention it at all. Don't you behave so stubborn and exclude the whole truth about AAO in the article.

Andrevean, just because you added "Though not everybody agrees that america's army is propaganda. It certainly is recruitment adversary" for the word "propaganda" doesn't make the game a recruitment adversary. It just manipulates the NPOV article where the entire definition comes from and added something you can NEVER prove. You don't need more sources to prove it to you, you need a bit honesty and give in or you need counter-arguments.
 * Well, I don't think anyone disputes that it's a recruitment advertisement. Or do you? However, there is some disagreement regarding whether the game is propaganda. Andre ( talk )A| 01:39, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * As far as propaganda goes, I've made my stance pretty clear. If this were 70 something years ago, I'd agree with you that that the game is propaganda, however, as stated the word propaganda has a negative conotation attached to it now that describes things as deceptive and misleading, two things as far as the GAME is concerned I don't feel are true. Therefore, I feel calling it propaganda is highly subjective and POV. I've never stopped anyone from writing a section on the controversy that it is propaganda, but in a wikipedia article to flat out call it propaganda is wrong. K1Bond007 17:38, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

"I can't understand how anyone can really compare Counterstrike to America's Army. They're really not similar at all. The only thing truly in common is that both are first person shooters and that hardly warrants the comparisons found throughout the article especially the ones where 99.99% of time aren't even comparable such as the sentence about buying weapons in Counterstrike. Why even mention that here?"

Comparison AAO-CS
they're not comparable? so the following points are only exceptions:

a one and only round-based time-limited team-deathmatch, in which you pause for the round when dead, in which you can win the round by either accomplishing the objectives or killing all the enemies, in which the terrorist fight the counter-terrorists, which was for free and popular, which was limited to carrying ONE big weapon and ONE pistol and some GRENADES, whose grenades can be SMOKE, EXPLOSION OR FLASHBANG, in which a nightvision google can be used, in which you have to shout a comment when you throw an explosive grenade with other teammembers alive (Fire in the hole!/Frag out!), in which the player is in the SPECTATOR mode after death, in which a HUD MENU is used for weapon selection, in which you shoot more accurate when you don't move and accuracy gets worse while shooting, in which you aim more accurate when crouching, in which legal cheats for singleplayer (like godmode, noclip/ghost, weapon codes, ..), in which there are no weapons belonging to no one lie on the ground, in which you move slowlier after jumping, in which you can shoot through certain objects, in which usually one time wins and the other looses and only few draws appear but in both games a draw is possible, in which players can be directly kicked by an admin(eg Splinter cell does not allow that) && VOTEKICKED out (CS allows votecasts, so does AAO),whose SOURCE CODE is not published, in which you can COMMIT SUICIDE with a console command, in which the zone where the bullets hits decides how much damage is taken, in which there's a clear distinction between "GOOD" and "BAD" - and they're opposed being forced to kill each other without chance for surrender, in which the weight of weapons is regarded, in which FF is possible, in which walking makes noise, which were the reasons for creating clan wars in leages, in which there's a VIP hunt, in which the corpses don't vanish, NO RESPAWNING TILL END OF ROUND, SPAWNS CLOSE TO EACH OTHER, in which the health is able to be restored during the end of the round and is always restored at a new round, in which the killing of opponents is more rewarded than just with score (money/lasting score,honor), in which a map describtion is displayed on joining, NO MUSIC IN THE BACKGROUND only noises of weapons and footsteps!!!, in which jumping from a high platform causes damage, in which in which you can record DEMOS (+CONSOLE (AAO even uses this console for chatting and DEATH MESSAGES), which have updates that add or remove maps and change the gameplay, +SCRIPTS (setting aliases for CONSOLE COMMANDS)), in which the OBJECTIVES are in a clear contrast and always one team looses after time has passed without eleminating the other team or completing the objective, in which you can chat to the team or to everyone, in which you can't chat when dead, in which you can chat certain audible orders to your teammembers, which do not have other modes like Deathmatch or Capture the Flag as a choice in Multiplayer, which are using GameSpy for the server list, in which there are the weapons M249,M16,AK47, 2 sniper-rifles per team(a strong one and a weak one), in which you can exchange your weapon+ammo with weapons+ammo that lie on the ground, in which you don't aim at the enemy automatically, clans, anti-cheating programs, which are mods (CS: mod of HL; AAO: mod of UT); both specialized in Multiplayer only, in which you you're mostly on foot though containing vehicles (CS allows vehicles in maps, so does AAO), in which there are civilians which you can kill, in which you get punished for killing civilians/hostages, ETC... You can add some more if you like! So far I've been dealing with the fact that the gameplay is very similar. But the main point is that almost every gamer knows Counter-Strike in contrast to Rainbow Six.

 * WTF. You just described over a hundred video games out there. Rainbow Six, Ghost Recon just for starters. There are literally thousands of video games that are round based drawing a comparison between AA and CS in this fashion is just foolish. Secondly, America's Army is not a mod. It's a full-version game licencing the engine from Epic Games. If I were to use your logic, Half-Life would be a mod since Half-Life isn't an original game engine. It, in fact, is using the Quake engine, but you knew that because look at all the information up there! You can record DEMOS!! YOU CAN DO THAT IN ALMOST EVERY GAME USING THE UNREAL OR QUAKE ENGINE. This is ridiculous. I feel like the only game you've ever played is Counterstrike. What about Medal of Honor: Allied Assault. You can play round based, you only get so many grenades, theres cheating, there's anti-cheats, theres clans, theres enemies, you can record demos! It's JUST LIKE AMERICA'S ARMY! -- but I'm the blind one K1Bond007 23:30, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * There is no need to discuss whether CS is a mod of HL or HL is a mod of Q2 which would implicate that CS can't be a mod of HL..

STOP DISTRACTING FROM THE SUBJECT BY TRYING TO FOCUS ON SUCH IRRELEVANT ISSUES.

If you know any other game that has more in common with AAO, go ahead or yield. There's no game which has all the listed features TOGETHER!! But wait, I agree with you in one point: don't list all the similarities between AAO and CS in the article, not because they're different, but because there ARE TOO MANY, the differences should be listed.

Rainbox Six is a very weak comparision because it's using autoaim and focuses on SinglePlayer as well.80.184.109.70 12:35, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Rainbow Six also has a very popular multiplayer portion of the game that doesn't have autoaim. Also autoaim is an option. It can be turned on or off. It depends on the difficulty or the user and because of which is irrelevant. Anything more to add? AA is not comparable to counterstrike. You just can't face the simple truth here because Counterstrike is all you know. K1Bond007 17:13, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

Haven't I posted enough similarites??????????????? Just because they're not TOTALLY the same doesn't mean that they're not comparable. When there are so many similarities it is not only comparable but also SIMILAR. Make a list of more similarities between AAO and Rainbow looking at what I posted. Only name those that CS does NOT have and then those of the list that CS has but Rainbow Six doesn't. If you manage that and point out you're right then you have an argument but otherwise, stop getting stuck on those issues. Learn to accept that AAO is very to CS. 20:07, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)~

Don't pretend to be THAT blind. That's just too obvious, you know? If you can -READ- better than me, then you'll have noticed these comparisons already at the beginning of the talk age. Or why don't you just read the article of CS and compared the gameplays? Well, anyway it's obvious that you're just TRYING TO DISTRACT from the rest. How pathetic!

Propaganda: We're talking about the dictionary meaning, not that the word often carries negative connontations. Just because prpaganda has got a bad reputation, doesn't mean propaganda isn't propaganda anymore.

 * And I would agree, however, the word does have a negative connotation and you can't hold a blind eye to that. Even in the wikipedia article it states this. I was for a previous edit by Andre that claimed it was propaganda, but also mentioned the game not having a lot of the negative connotations associated with the word today. K1Bond007 23:39, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * 'Nazi' also contains a "negative connotation" - is that a reason to erase it from history?

If the definition of the words fits the case it should be allowed even if it's no positive aspect. Is a dog no dog because in some languages "Dog" has negative connontation??? It is DEFINITely a dog! If you replace the word "propaganda" to 80.184.109.70 12:35, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh shutup dude. WTF. Nazi ONLY has a negative definition. I can't believe I even bother with you. This is honestly the dumbest thing I've ever read. K1Bond007 17:13, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Consider the word "retard." If you're someone with mental disabilities, you don't want to be called a "retard." It's not a nice word. It has a negative connotation. Propaganda is a step further, in that its negative connotation has come to be the only viable connotation in most contexts. Andre ( talk )A| 17:17, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

"Oh shutup dude. WTF." (You needn't start insulting Bond, I'm sure OBJECTIVE admins wouldn't like that.) Actually that was just an example to say that a lot of words have a "negative connotation" but to name another word that fits less only because of the reputation is just POV (I know you like that word). I forgot that the word has two meanings, the historical (abr. of Nationalsozialist) and the pure insult so I admit it was a bad example and history books don't include that word for this reason because they're neutral. So what do they call propaganda? Advertisement? No, they call it propaganda, just and only propaganda. As you know, this "negative" and "positive" are subjective opinions => POV. Only the definition of the word is deciding. Propaganda OFTEN has a negative connontation, because most people don't like it. If you replace it with "advertisement", which only fits for non-political stuff, only shows your POV making the article subjective. Advertisement does NOT INCLUDE POLITICAL CONTEXTS. Advertisement is not a synonym for propaganda. To Andre: retard's definition is SLANG and OFFENSIVE. You wouldn't find it in any book using formal or neutral tone. It does not have a negative CONNOTATION, the meaning of the word is always negative and only used to express a negative view whereas the CONNOTATION of propaganda is not necessarily negative but only another POV. I mean, the connotation can both be considered negative by some and positive by others - this connotation is NOT DEFINABLE and therefore not defined so it musn't be considered. America's Army IS propaganda, even the source where most of Wikipedias' Propaganda-definition comes from states that propaganda has often a negative connontation AND defines America's Army as propaganda.20:07, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)~

 * Sorry, you're wrong. First of all, advertising is often used for political contexts. TV ads for politicians are ads, not propaganda - people don't call them propaganda chiefly due to the negative connotation we're discussing here! Secondly, the word retard comes from the Latin retardare, meaning "to delay." Historically in English it has been used to refer to anyone who is delayed in development, mentally. Thus the term "mentally retarded," or more colloquially "retard," has a denotation that refers to people with mental disabilities, and a connotation that is extremely negative. By the way, "oh shutup dude. WTF." isn't a personal attack, and I am an administrator. Andre ( talk )A| 20:49, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

TV ads for politicians is called ELECTION PROPAGANDA. This is the correct word. Those parties would never call it propaganda because propaganda sounds worse than the word "advertisement", although it doesn't fit. That's their POV, they're biased. People went on with calling it "TV advertisement" because everyting on TV which tried to convince them to do something was usually advertisement (since it was mainly aimed at promoting goods and services). Now, if you call something Election propaganda, most wouldn't understand... And (if they know what propaganda is), because they're used to the word "advertisement", they'd call it biased because the only reason they'd see why the word "propaganda" was chosen, would be because "propagaganda" is often considered negative and hence POV. But it's no use just to call propaganda, "advertisement". "Propaganda" is and will ever be the correct word for "propaganda", mainly the promotion of political contexts. The definition of the word "retard" carries SLANG and OFFENSIVE. The definition of the word "propaganda" does not. "Advertisement" is NO synonym for "propaganda."

Whatever. You're so innocent. Btw, I like how you changed the image on the page by overwriting it. Very sneaky. You couldn't get the support here because it was a legal and a perfectly ok screenshot to use, so you just went behind the block on the page and changed it. We could have used that image elsewhere on the page, but obviously if it's not your way, it's not the correct way. Am I right? I'm done arguing about this and editing the article. You're not into actually having any sort of civil discussion about anything if people disagree with you. No matter how many times your edits have been reverted, argued, pointed out as being POV/subjective, and even infringing on other copyrighted works, you haven't changed your way. You continue to change it to suit YOUR beliefs and feelings on the article even when you're possibly wrong. In retrospect what I said was wrong and probably shouldn't have been said, however, I also have no regrets. K1Bond007 21:32, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

Yes, I like that image too: maybe it's not a screenshot (the other wasn't either. I pointed THAT out to you as well) but it's the cover of the game and one of the wiki examples had that as a gamepicture too. Why I didn't announce it? I've got the impression you've stopped keeping your mind open lately and started to have a reactionary POV. What do you mean by "if it's not my way, it's not the correct way"?? Was it me or someone else who locked the page to promote his own version? And what did I do? I compounded what I considered the best parts of the two versions to have a better article and responded to every discussion point. Yes, of course, you're sick of argueing because to be successful on this page, you'd need arguments instead of some pathetic admin rights. You accuse me of not behaving civil?? I consider "shut up" and insult and not civil in a discussion. Did I insult you?? People can disagree with me and I'll still keep my mind open and search for improvements. You pointed out that my edits, MY!!, were subjective??? I thought I'd made clear they were not but obviously talking is not your favorite... Now you're referring to the picture again... Like I said I don't care a damn if it's copyright or not. The actual reason why I changed it was because it is no screenshot at all. It was just a modified picture from the official site to advertise for the game, not a normal screenshot you'd see everywhere. It is for this reason why I replaced it with the second method of depicting something of the game: front cover. It took a long time to find it by the way and it doesn't suit my beliefs or feelings at all by the way. I didn't usher my opinion, just facts to balance the article with you counteracting and with you trying to usher basically wrong words (advertisement) that could create a better reputation for the game.

 * It was a screenshot. How is it not. It was taken IN-GAME. Granted it doesn't have a HUD, but thats not a requirement to be a screenshot. And you can call what I said anything you want, I don't care. You calling my arguements blind and pathetic makes you all the more hypocritical. K1Bond007 22:38, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

How do you know for sure?? It's just "Taiga 3/4" from the main page of the game. It's not a usual screenshot. This picture is to create a good impression of the game and not to show a common scene of it. I think the cover fits better into an infobox (the example in the wikiproject also used the cover and not a picture from the publishers. If I'd posted a real screenshot you'd have called it POV anyway; I think that's the most objective one - although it's to promote the game as well) I don't think there is the need for a discussion because of that. There are much heavier issues to be discussed. You should be glad I don't insist on a screenshot of a common scene of the game which might be considered to have "negative connotations".145.254.137.153 00:13, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I think that the game cover is a better image for the infobox, but the other screenshot should not have been overwritten. That's not how things are done. I don't have a vested interest in making this game look good, but calling it propaganda without explaining that this is a point of view is not NPOV. Do I, personally, believe that the game is propaganda? Yes, I do - does this surprise you? Is this my POV? Yes. Is this an absolute truth? No, so it must be expressed in an NPOV fashion.Andre ( talk )A| 22:45, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

My responses are placed between allegations, below.

Sorry, but I had to overwrite it to see how it would look like because your friend blocked the site from changes. If you miss the screenshot, it's saved in the history and can be very easily found on the official homepage of that game. Propaganda is NO POINT OF VIEW. Why should it be????? It's not more POV than "advertisement", "Life", "being" or "gun". Just like all the other words, it's bound to a definition. I've already mentioned: -the fact that such newspapers as The Guardian describe aao as propaganda
 * In editorials, which are POV

which doesn't mean that facts aren't facts or that propaganda isn POV. It is not. Editorials just include an opinion. -the fact that the only two university articles about AAo I found described aao as being propaganda
 * Well naturally you're not going to find university articles about it NOT being propaganda. The propaganda allegation is all that makes AA interesting to university article writers.

Yes, but the question if AA is propaganda has always been responded to with YES. Question (aao propaganda?) and answer (yes). If you find one saying NO, tell me. -the fact that the game creates an incomlete and unbalaned picture
 * All you've alleged so far regarding this is that there isn't any blood and players can't be terrorists. Neither of these are unusual - the government wanted to avoid an M rating, and the stated point of the game is to portray a fight "for freedom," not against it. How effective would the game be as a recruitment device if it had players play as the terrorists? Freedom and speculations?? Are you tryining to distract again? It's controversial if it's "for freedom" or not. Just don't mention it. You mentioned the government... where does propaganda often come from? "Not incomplete or not balanced??? So where are all the civilians, where are the mines, traps, suicide bombers, guerilla fighters, anything????? And what's your argument?? Because people already know you bleed in war?? Thanks for the argument, because that just proves that the picture is not complete, that only other knowledge makes it complete. Where's the POV? Oh I see, just an accusation to scare. " And that's just some examples. You can find more from the "false picture the game creates" at the beginiing of this talk page. Since I haven't played the game for a long time and still remember all these things... maybe you could add some more.

-the fact that CNN claims the army "readily admits it's a propaganda device"
 * And yet, in this CNN column, there's not a reference or a quote of any kind, and this CNN editorial is the only source alleging that the Army admits it is a propaganda device. Lacking any other information to the contrary, I must assume that the CNN writer is lying or mistaken. Fact is that CNN writers almost never lie, otherwise they'd ruin their own and their channels reputation. It's extremely unlikely that he's lying and you know that. That CNN says it "readily admit it's a propaganda device" is an authority argument.

-links to recruitng centers Goarmy.com (on the main page and when you want to rent a server)
 * Because it's a recruitment device. Recruitment, too, has a political context.

-the fact that propaganda is usually used in political context
 * Not any more so than advertising. "Buy Coke" and "Vote for Bush" are two advertisements, neither are propaganda.

Well except for "vote for Bush" because of its political context although it doesn't contain anything incomplete or unbalanced. Where's YOUR argument that "vote for Bush is advertisement instead of propaganda? Only that you're more used to the word? That's the only (weak) argument you have and can have. It is and remains a fact that propaganda is usually used in political context. America's Army HAS political context! -the fact that advertisement is usually used at the promotion of goods or services
 * See previous. Does "see previous" oppose the fact that "advertisement is usually used at the promotion of goods or services"? No, it does not. Fact is fact. Advertisement is no propaganda.

-the fact that there's mainly political background of AAO (1 the image of the US Army, 2 image of their wars, 3image of its enemies(4terrorists), "The use of the terms terrorism and terrorist is politically weighted, as these terms (and historically, other terms like them) are often used in propaganda to drum up support in opposition to the designated "terrorists."5 recruitment, 6USarmy=army game=instrument of american politics, 7USarmy=army game=repressive state apparatus, 8recruitment=standing army=of high political importance,9USarmy=army game=implicitly represents the values of its society and its government, 10 from Congress, 11 not only recruitment (which can also be called advertisement) is important but worldwide publication because of the army's image, etc.)
 * "See previous." See? You can't oppose it at all. AAo has mainly political context as you can see.

-the fact that history books are neutral and are supposed not to include POV
 * History is written by the winners. Additionally, I often find that American history books are biased on such events like the annexation of Hawaii or the Vietnam War. Then I wonder why both German and English history books are calling propaganda propaganda. If think your history book is biased, find another one. History books mention facts and sources, they don't comment on anything. That's also why a lot of pages are found boring by some. In German, propaganda has negative connontations too (no wonder, propaganda hadn't achieved much positive in germany before) and in German the (non-existing) word (translated) "election advertisement" is mostly used for "election propaganda" but still the word is included in social science books of today for stuff of today. For example parties do propaganda to the public, parties do propaganda to parliament, governement does propaganda to the public, economy does advertisement to the public. Oh i see! They're ALL BIASED!! Boo boo...

-the fact that all the history books speak of what is defined by propaganda as ... propaganda
 * I fail to see how this is relevant to America's Army, which is not history. You claimed propaganda is POV or just an insult. Obviously it is not. History books KEEP TO THE DEFINITION OF THE WORD, not to words that have a similar meaning without often negative connontations. If history books would call propaganda advertisement, they'd be biased because they'd try to replace the correct word by a wrong word to create a better impression.

-the fact that dictionaries are neutral and usually reliable
 * Dictionaries chiefly feature denotation, not connotation.

So a dog is a cat? I mean because dogs sometimes carry negative connontations and cats are similar to dogs. -the fact that dictionaries claim propaganda is no synonym for advertisement or vice versa
 * No one is alleging such.

Correct but misunderstood. The fact thats it's no synonym proves that advertisement CANNOT REPLACE propaganda. -the fact that dictionaries don't describe Propaganda as matter of tast or anything
 * What's tast? I mean they don't describe it as capriciously defined. well not improtant anyway

-the fact that the main article (NPOV; protected) of the definition of the word "propaganda" from where wikipedia has most of the information of the word "propaganda" from describes aao as such
 * As says this article, Though not everyone agrees that this game is propaganda, it's certainly a recruitment advertisement.

Lol, no, you just manipulated that NPOV article. Besides it's irrelevant that not everybody agrees. Not everybody agrees that the world is a globe but still it is. Not everybody agrees that there was a landing on the moon (<--I mean it) but that doesn't oppose the fact at all and just like not everybody agrees it's propaganda, not everybody agrees it's recruitment adversary. The game contains mainly propaganda but also recruitment adversary. I told you the political context of the game proving it. -the fact that I haven't found any source on the net opposing the view of aao not being propaganda or rather advertisement or that there's controversy if it's advertisement or propagaganda or anything
 * "How about the players of the game?" Oh wait a second, I'll ask some 6-year-old idiot who got shot and accuses the whole world of cheating. The players of the game are as immature as in CS (CS should have older people because it's not Teen rated). They could claim it is not propaganda, but, of course, they wouldn't have an argument (nor a clue). The sectopm "What is supposed to be changed" contains that "a lot of players don't think it is [propaganda] and prefer the word "recruitment advertisement"" so I included the fact that not everyone considers it propaganda.

-the fact that you haven't come up with more than just the allegation it is POV and the fact that the word "propaganda" often carries negative connontations
 * What else do I need to come up with? You could have come up with an article claiming AAO is not propaganda... if you find one. You can't deny the definition of the word propaganda and you can't deny the political background of aao. I don't think you could come up with more anyway, because there's no fact contradicting to what I posted. Don't play stubborn and add the truth. I TOLD YOU!

... No, don't you now come up saying "the guardian is no authority for me" or anything. How many times are we going trough this again and again? Are you maybe trying to distract into smaller and smaller points only postpone the time when it is corrected in the main article? Please focus and make way for the improvements (at the bottom of this page) for the main article. Or are you just trying to avoid anything apart from your version?

ANDRE, I knew you'd come up trying to start little distractions to smaller and smaller issues to get more time and mislead. Your version of the article is CRAP and contains your POV because you replaced the correct word "propaganda" with the wrong word "advertisement" to create a better image of the game. You know you're wrong and you don't want to accept it.

Andre, while we're at it...

 * I really can't deal with this much longer. The whole point of consensus building is compromise. I've compromised already by mentioning the propaganda allegation in the article, where I feel it has no place. You haven't compromised - you merely spout the same allegations again and again in your stilted, non-native speaker English. Please understand that it doesn't matter who you convince of your view - it's not an absolute truth, and will not be written as such in the article no matter what, unless the Army admits that AA is propaganda. Andre ( talk )A| 00:41, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

Compromised??? What was the last version I wrote? A compromise! Who ignored it immediately and had the page blocked?? You (or your friends, I don't care). Why did you do that? To avoid a compromise and try to advertise including your POV. You've tried all the time to advertise for the game and leave out negative aspects. That's not an advertisement page, it's supposed to be an OBJECTIVE article. You just locked the page because you're incapable of not having your opinion included. You tried to have it unbalanced and to mislead. A fact is not allegation but a fact. An allegation may be a fact but it may be false as well. I didn't include my POV, but you did by replacing correct words by wrong words, by mentioning the good sides but "forgetting" the negative ones. The fact that you want the army to admit is just as ridiculous as not accepting that the earth is a globe until god did or as ridiculous as describing a dog, a cat because dogs don't admit they're dogs. The difinition of propaganda applies to the game and that's all that counts. But if my bad English bothers you, feel free to correct it. Now concentrate on that below please instead of trying to distract and go through the same again and again.

still to change
It's more propaganda than recruiting adversary because of the political context. The fact that not everyone agrees that it is advertisement is clear. Some people don't even accept that the world is a globe... no honestly! Besides, I've met players that not even agree it is recruiting adversary. Some claim it is a training tool, some even think they did it all for free... one even claimed it wasn't meant for the public. Another one even claimed it's no first-person-shooter...

}}}}}}}}}}}}}}

"While it fundamentally fits the definition of a playable and subliminal slice of propaganda, a lot of players don't think it is and prefer the word "recruitment advertisement" instead and emphasize it is more realistic than most other first-person shooters."needs to be added because it's 1 the truth and 2 the most important counter-argument for the game. The most important arguments in favor of the game are also there: unreal engine, for free, popular. If you don't add that there, it seems biased and unbalanced.

"It also adopts a great deal from the most widely played online FPS for the past few years, Counter-Strike, a Half-Life modification. " needs to be taken because 'adapt' is the wrong word and "the most widely played online FPS for the past few years" is a fact that characterises CS better than that it is a Half-Life modification. If you don't know CS, you (usually) don't know Half-Life either. Half-Life was a revolution in the history of games and CS revoluted online gaming. There's still about 12 times as many CS1.6 players than there are aao players.

"However, it is not about the promotion of a commercial product but mainly about political themes and therefore suggests the word "propaganda"." needs to be said because it's the truth. It doesn't say you can't say "advertisement" for it but because of the political aspects it just cannot be denied that it is more related to the word (<-- I didn't even include that).

If you don't include "The killing of human beings and the outcome of the mission corresponds lastingly to score points and "Honor". However, it draws a sharp distinction between the U.S. Army (including allied Indigenous forces), and opposing forces. The killing of Americans or their allies has an extremely negative effect on your score and "Honor", consequently calling it totally dishonorable. The killing of opponents, by contrast - no matter if they were trying to kill you or if they are unnarmed - increases your score and "Honor", consequently calling the action honorable in general. The accomplishment of the U.S. Army's aims, instead of their opponents aims, affects your score favorably and therefore your "Honor" as well, indirectly calling the objectives of the U.S. Army honorable and the objectives of its opponents dishonorable at the same time. The score and, as a result, "Honor" is saved in the players' accounts." but only that friendly fire is punished, you only includ ONE SIDE OUT OF TWO. Think of the word "complete" and "balanced". Also, the effect is lastingly and describes the killing as honorable, indirectly but it does. It may be controversial if they did that on purpose but that it does is clear. It mentioned that there's lasting punishement for FF and lasting rewards for killing opponents... and that's just how it is like.

"it is also slower than Counter-Strike's". Compare these two speeds and you'll also agree on that.

title: Talk:America's Army/Archive 2


text:
Magic Link

The Magic Link was a Personal Intelligent Communicator marketed by Sony from 1994, based on General Magic's Magic Cap operating system. The Magic Link PIC-1000 was brought to market by Jerry Fiala Sr at Sony. The "Link" part of the name refers to the device's ability to send and receive data over a modem.

A competing product to the Magic Link was the Motorola Envoy. In 1995, the Magic Link won the PC World World Class Award. Magic Link PIC-2000 was released in 1996.

Applications

 * Messages
 * Address Book
 * Clock and Calendar
 * Notebook
 * Spreadsheet
 * Datebook
 * Phone
 * Fax machine (Kobes Japan model only)
 * Pocket Quicken
 * Sony AV Remote Commander
 * Calculator
 * AT&T PersonaLink Services
 * America Online mail client

Documentary film
The device features prominently in the documentary film General Magic about the epic rise and fall of General Magic.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Magic Link


text:
Talk:National Youth Leadership Forum

This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/NYLF. The consensus was to keep it. dbenbenn | talk 19:26, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Marketing organization not worthy of entry
I will repost this section and clean up the comments to be more in compliance with the nature of the program. It is a revenue driven organization that attempts to pursuade parents to send children on paid summer camps with statements about "nomintaed by teachers"

Until we can obtain some source information from NYLF on the number of students invited each year and their source, this will stand as a possible warning to parents. Any third party remarks such as "I attented the event and found it valuable" is an opinion. The concern being raised is the method of advertising, multiple mailers and flyers to promote its events with a primary designation that a child was nominated by a teacher or educator.

Storpappa (talk) 02:44, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

 * "Any third party remarks such as "I attented the event and found it valuable" is an opinion."

I understand why you would say this. However, these "opinions" are, unlike yours, based on experience, rather than speculation. Carissa33 (talk) 17:21, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

His point is that despite that some people may find it being the best thing that's ever happened to them(i personally found it one of the most enjoyable 2 weeks of my life), it's irrelavent to the legitimacy of the program that it purports itself to be. And there's plenty of evidence for his claims that are already presented here in the talk that it's not just speculation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.38.115.38 (talk) 03:57, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

Hmm...
I did this program in high school, and it was pretty interesting. I can't see why it would ever be eligable for deletion. It exsists, although only about 1000 high school aged students attend each program each year. There is a collegiate level program also, which I just recieved information about today (which is why I checked up on Wikipedia's article on NYLF).

Probably no one cares, or will ever read this, but I care. Its a great excuse to go Prague, as far as I'm concerned. The college level program brings rich, young intellectuals to their choice of either: Australia, China, Europe, or South Africa. More info on the way.

 * Actually, I think lots of people will read this. And I loved both the NYLF and its collage counterpart ISLP. They were awesome. ISLP was also my first chance to get out of the North American continent, and I thought that experiencing China was one of my life’s great accomplishments. TomStar81 06:00, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Sure, if you have the money, NYLF/ISLP is a very fun experience. But it ends there.  Most people, however, does not have that much money to spend for fun.  They expected NYLF/ISLP to be a life changing learning experience, as NYLF/ISLP likes to purport itself as.  But this is quite plainly, a downright lie.  You are correct in that the college program brings rich, young individuals, but I wouldn't consider intellect to be synonymous with the program. -- NYLF Tech Alumni 2004

I am a former employee of these greedy co-founders...it's nothing but a summer camp...it's all about the marketing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.34.34.91 (talk • contribs) January 21, 2006

I agree, with the unsigned user. NYLF isn't a very diverse program as you would like to think it is, as most of the students are from middle to high income families. The tuition costs about $2000 for a 10-day session...ridiculous for only 10 days don't ya think? --Oliver Brody 06:20, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

The NYLF is giving me a $2,200 scholarship (out of $2,300) to attend their (High School) Technology Forum in San Jose this year... I'm quite pleased (I'm not going to be bothered with even more fundraising this year - I've had other stuff to do). Ha, seems likely I'll be the least-rich fellow there. I figure that I must be doing something right, to be getting scholarships at 15, eh? T. S. Rice 06:15, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Wow...deletion?
I participated in NYLF myself, and I found it to be thoroughly enjoyable. In fact, it was one of the highlights of my senior year of high school (of course, I'm a history/politics nut, so it was like candy to me). It was very fun, and it allowed me access to governmental info I never would have been able to entertain previous (we were one of the last groups to tour the CIA headquarters before it completely closed itself from visitors). I heard speakers, toured monuments, and visited all manner of cool military/intelligence installations. It was insane fun.

I have to wonder...why on earth would someone try to delete this?

Commander Cool, part deux 05:00, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

I'm a former employee of Envision EMI(formerly called National Capitol Resources) it's a scam. Don’t fall for NYLC, NYLF’s marketing (apparently some teachers have)…there are many reputable educational organizations that you can get a better experience. Check out this article…since this incident the co-founders created another organization called Envision EMI to cover the damage: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1554/is_n3_v19/ai_14685572 Check into Lead America.,, they have an excellent reputation: http://www.lead-america.org/default.asp --65.34.34.91 20:21, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not going to debate the efectiveness of NYLF's programs, but I would like to see a source for the "formerly called National Capitol Resources," as I haven't heard of that before. I see that the main article was changed and this information was added, but I assume the editor just used your original research. Please verify the source and update the citation on the main article. --OSUKid7 11:27, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm involved in NYLF and may be biased, but if Anshe Chung, a virtual realter can keep a page, then why not an interesting program that exists in real life? --Michael R. Rose 19:14, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Controversies
Since I clearly disagree about the need for this section, I'm asking for neutral third-parties to chime in on the matter. Sure I've had a positive involvement with NYLF, but I do want WP to be as neutral as possible. I'm fine with mentioning some of the disagreements with the NYLF programs, but it seems like original research/opinion, which is why I removed it.

So could some people not involved with NYLF please voice your opinion in this matter? I don't want this to turn into an edit war where no one wins. --OSUKid7 18:49, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Even if this stuff is true, the way the information is presented violates many Wikipedia policies: WP:OR, WP:CITE, and WP:NPOV. So unless this anonymous user can cite this information, use a neutral viewpoint, and abstain from making original claims, this information cannot be added to Wikipedia. Jtrost (T | C | #) 01:54, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

hey OSUKid7...call envision emi...ask for barbara Harris, richard rossie or john hines and ask them...I was there when they changed their name from national Capital Resources to Envison emi. Check out their BBB listing...it's there as well. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.34.34.91 (talk • contribs) 23:57 15 August 2006
 * Good for you, but that doesn't change anything. If you can cite your source, fine, go for it. This isn't a widely known piece of information though, so as per wikipedia policies, I thought it best to ask for it to be cited. --OSUKid7 12:26, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Thir Party I guess
I visited this page to find out if I should go to NYLF and so I guess that makes me a bystander. Is this article credible because I want to know before i spend 2000.00 also! I think its a good article to have...i'll check the history now. bye. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Wikimac007 (talk • contribs) 00:49, 13 April 2007 (UTC).

Fair use rationale for Image:Nylf.gif
Image:Nylf.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 05:17, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

National Youth Leadership Forum?
Should we move this? to National Youth Leadership Forum? User:Jonwilliamsl(talk|contribs) 18:58, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Scam? Some sources you'll want to read. ..
Personally, it's always been clear to me when I receive those mailings that this program is what I'd personally consider a scam. Studenst are not chosen on merit, and much of the tuition definitely goes for pure profit. I don't have the time to do the citations and all the calculations, but I'd highly, highly recommend someone to look up their publicly available 990 (?) form, since NYLF is officially "non-profit". I've found it through guidestar.org (registration required, but free). I'm pretty sure that this should be acceptable to cite in wikipedia. Interesting figures: total revenue for 2006 was about $30 million. Postage and shipping was $2.5 million (for anyone who's received one of their mailings, this is no surprise). Most outrangeous figure: $10 million to "Envision EMI," the for-profit organization, entirely for "program management fees." Isn't it amazing how much BS you can pull off through a nonprofit?

Threepointone31 (talk) 02:03, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

This article is like reading the letter again.
Ugh. Does anyone have any facts with citations on this subject? 72.209.25.168 (talk) 19:14, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I did some heavy editing, removing the spam links and POV material. I also warned the editor Each1teach1, who is an employee of Envision EMI, about making changes that are a conflict of interest. This is the second time I've communicated these concerns to the author, who has made other edits to Envision EMI, LLC that demonstrate a conflict of interest. -- btphelps (talk) (contribs)

title: Talk:National Youth Leadership Forum


text:
Air Rarotonga

Air Rarotonga is an airline based in Rarotonga, Cook Islands and is ‘The Airline of the Cook Islands’. It operates inter-island and regional scheduled services throughout the Cook Islands and to Tahiti. It also operates chartered flights to French Polynesia, Niue, Samoa, Kiribati and Tonga. Its main base and hub is Rarotonga International Airport.

History
The airline was established in February 1978 and started operations in July 1978 with a Cessna 337 aircraft. The company is owned by three private investors. More than 70,000 passengers travel between its island destinations each year.

Destinations
Following is a list of destinations Air Rarotonga flies to as part of its scheduled services,.

Since August 2022 Air Rarotonga operates international flights to Tahiti using their own aircraft.

Previously, the airline codeshared with Air Tahiti on flights between Rarotonga and Tahiti. Air Rarotonga also code shares with Air New Zealand for flights between Rarotonga and Aitutaki with Air Rarotonga being the operator.

The airline also offers scenic flights over Rarotonga and air charter services to neighbouring Pacific Island countries including Tahiti, Niue, Tonga, Samoa, Fiji and Kiribati.

The airline also operates air ambulance evacuations from all island airports in the Cook Islands and on to Auckland when required.

Fleet
As of October 2019 the Air Rarotonga fleet includes the following aircraft:

In February 2016, the airline added its first Jet to their fleet.

title: Air Rarotonga


text:
Walter Egan

Walter Egan (born July 12, 1948) is an American rock musician, best known for his 1978 gold status hit single "Magnet and Steel" from his second album release, Not Shy, produced by Egan, Lindsey Buckingham and Richard Dashut. The song reached #8 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #18 on the Easy Listening chart. In Canada it reached #9. Overseas, it peaked at #32 on the Australian Singles Chart, Kent Music Report.

Early years and education
Egan was born in Queens, New York, United States. In 1970, as a sculpture major, he earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. as one of Georgetown's first art majors. Egan started his career in the arts, concentrating on printmaking and painting, and the music business. As early as 1965, Egan was playing guitar and composing songs with surf-rock group the Malibooz. While an undergraduate, he was a lead guitarist and backup vocalist for the college-formed group Sageworth and Drums, also known as Sageworth. The group evolved from a group of Georgetown University undergraduate students playing weekend mixers and parties to a tight, professional headlining act with a reputation as one of the best and most original bands in the greater Washington, D.C. area. Other members included Peter Barry Chowka, lead vocal and guitar; John Zambetti, guitar and backing vocals; John Borger, guitar and backing vocals; Tom Guidera, bass and backing vocals; and Matthew Sheppard, drums, with Annie McLoone added later as a lead singer. In late 1971, Sageworth relocated to Boston and spent the next two years performing around the Northeast before finally breaking up, at which point Walter moved to Los Angeles and began his career as a solo artist.

Music
In 1977, Lindsey Buckingham of Fleetwood Mac co-produced Walter Egan's first album, Fundamental Roll, with Stevie Nicks, also of Fleetwood Mac. The hit song, "Magnet and Steel", inspired by Nicks and from his second album Not Shy, was featured in the 1997 film Boogie Nights, the 1998 film Overnight Delivery, and the 1999 film Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo. Egan also wrote "Hearts on Fire", which was covered by Gram Parsons on his album Grievous Angel, and "Hot Summer Nights", which was the first hit for the band Night, and included such session musicians as Nicky Hopkins and Robbie McIntosh. Egan scored minor hits with his original version of "Hot Summer Nights" (#56 Can. ), as well as "Only the Lucky" and "Fool Moon Fire".

In 1981, Egan appeared as one of several guitarists, bassists and drummers accompanying Lindsey Buckingham in the music video for his solo hit "Trouble." Egan is seen as the second guitarist, playing in a line up of musicians, along with Bob Welch and Mick Fleetwood.

Egan later toured as a member of a latter-day version of Spirit as bassist.

Egan is listed as co-writer on the Eminem hit "We Made You". The song's producer, Dr. Dre, believed he was inspired by the bass line from (and used samples of) Egan's "Hot Summer Nights".

In 2008, he participated in a music industry seminar (with Bill Danoff) at Georgetown University.

In 2011, from his home in Franklin, he produced a new album entitled Raw Elegant that was released on Spectra Records.

Egan recorded and toured extensively in the nineties with The Brooklyn Cowboys and has contributed to two albums and an EP to date.

Egan still records and tours occasionally with his early band The Malibooz, contributing extensively to their latest studio effort ‘QE2’ which was released just as the global pandemic took hold in April 2020.

Game show appearances
In 1985, Egan was a four-time champion on the game show Catchphrase. In 1986, he appeared as a contestant on the television game show Scrabble. During his introduction segment, Egan identified himself as a singer and songwriter. Host Chuck Woolery asked Egan to sing a bit from one of his songs, and he sang the main hook from "Magnet and Steel". Egan later appeared in two episodes of the public radio quiz show Says You! in 2018 when the show taped in Nashville.

Recent and current projects
In 2018 and 2019 Egan, along with producer Rob Corich and UK label Red Steel Music started work on new projects that encompassed a series of enhanced remasters each with bonus tracks and each release accompanied by at least one digital two track single, of which the B-sides are often non album releases unavailable elsewhere.

Four back catalogue albums encompassing ‘The Meaning of Live’, ‘Walternative’, ‘Apocolypso Now’, and ‘Mad Dog’ along with two new EP’s ‘Hot Summer Nights’ and ‘Magnet and Steel’ have been released to date and more are under development for release in 2022.

During 2020’s worldwide lockdown this team also produced Egan’s highly acclaimed studio album called ‘Fascination’ which is based around the life and love of the world's most famous groupie, Pamela Des Barres.

Egan has recently completed a cover of the classic ‘Last Fair Deal Gone Down’ for inclusion on a forthcoming tribute to the blues genius Robert Johnson due for release in 2022.

Walter is currently working on a book covering his life story and it’s likely this will be accompanied with a CD of songs relating to his rock and roll stories.

He was rumoured to be working on a new studio release for late 2022 and this had been tentatively been titled ‘Hard Summer Days’ but has now appeared to have been titled ‘Pluck!' The album was preceded by a 2 track single including ‘Dreams’, which is Walter's interpretation of the Fleetwood Mac song.

Albums

 * Fundamental Roll (Columbia / Culture Factory, 1977)
 * Not Shy (Columbia, 1978) - U.S. #44
 * HiFi (Columbia, 1979) - U.S. #201
 * The Last Stroll (Columbia, 1980)
 * Wild Exhibitions (MCA / Backstreet, 1983)
 * The Mad Dog Sessions (recorded 1986 but not released until the new millennium on Red Steel)
 * Walternative (We, 1999)
 * Doin' Time On Planet Earth (as The Brooklyn Cowboys) ( Leap Records, 2000)
 * The Lost Album (Renaissance, 2000)
 * Mad Dog (Red Steel, RMCCD, 2001)
 * Apocalypso Now (Gaff, 2002)
 * Dodging Bullets (as The Brooklyn Cowboys) (Leap Records, 2002)
 * The Other Man In Black (as The Brooklyn Cowboys) (Leap Records, 2003)
 * The Meaning of Live (Red Steel, RMCCD, 2004)
 * Raw Elegant (Spectra, 2011)
 * Myth America (Classic Music Vault, 2014)
 * True Songs (WE Music, 2017)
 * Sound as Ever (as The Burritos, 2018)
 * Magnet and Steel EP (Red Steel, RMCDE9261, 2019)
 * Hot Summer Nights EP (Red Steel, RMCDE9260, 2019)
 * Mad Dog (Redux Remaster) (Red Steel, RMCDA9263, 2020)
 * The Meaning of Live (Redux Remaster) (Red Steel, RMCDA9259, 2020)
 * Apocalypso Now (Redux Remaster) (Red Steel, RMCDA9272, 2020)
 * Walternative (Redux Remaster) (Red Steel, RMCDA9274, 2021)
 * Fascination (Red Steel, RMCCD9269 & RMCDA9263, 2021)
 * Pluck! (Red Steel, RMCCD9295 & RMCDA9296, 2023)
 * Cleveland Rocks - Live (Red Steel, RMCDA, scheduled early 2024)

Singles

 * "Only the Lucky"/"I'd Rather Have Fun" (Columbia 10531, 1977) - U.S. #82
 * "When I Get My Wheels"/"Waitin'" (Columbia 10591, 1977)
 * "Magnet and Steel"/"Tunnel O' Love" (Columbia 10719, 1978) - U.S. #8
 * "Hot Summer Nights"/"She's So Tough" (Columbia 10824, 1978) - U.S. #55, CA RPM Singles #56, ARG #1
 * "Magnet and Steel"/"Only the Lucky" (Columbia Hall of Fame 33353, 1979)
 * "Unloved"/"Make It Alone" (Columbia 10916, 1979)
 * "You're the One"/"Like You Do" (Columbia 11046, 1979)
 * "That's That"/"Hi Fi Love" (Columbia 11116, 1979)
 * "Baby Let's Runaway"/"Johnny Z (Is a Real Cool Guy)" (Columbia 11297, 1980)
 * "Fool Moon Fire"/"Tammy Ann" (Backstreet 52200, 1983) - U.S. #46
 * "Star of My Heart"/"Joyce" (Backstreet 52249, 1983)
 * "Magnet and Steel"/"Only the Lucky" (Collectables 33353)
 * "Only Love Is Left Alive"/"Jean" (Red Steel, RMCDS9262, 2020) - First single from the Mad Dog (Redux Remaster) album.
 * "Miss Pamela"/"Treat Me Nice" (Red Steel, RMCDS9265, 2020) - First single and video from the Fascination album.
 * "I’m With The Girl"/"Love Me Tonight" (Red Steel, RMCDS9267, 2020) - Second single and video from the Fascination album. Non album B-side.
 * "Stubborn Girl"/"Stubborn Boy" (Red Steel, RMCDS9273, 2020) - Single from the Apocolypso Now (Redux Remaster) album. Non album B-side
 * "The Loneliest Boy"/"I’ve Had It" (Red Steel, RMCDS9264, 2020) - Second single from the Mad Dog (Redux Remaster) album. Non album B-side.
 * "Bad News Travels Fast"/"In My Room" (Red Steel, RMCDS9277, 2020) - Single from The Meaning Of Live (Redux Remaster) album. Non album B-side.
 * "Beats The Devil"/"Not Another Lonely Night" (Red Steel, RMCDS9275, 2021) - single from the Walternative (Redux Remaster) album. Non album B-side.
 * "Yesterday, Forever & Today"/"Forever ‘Til The End" (Red Steel, RMCDS9268, 2021) - Third single and video from the Fascination album. Non album B-side.
 * "Old Photographs"/"Love In The Time Of War" (Red Steel, RMCDS9276, 2021) - Standalone single and video. Non album B-side.
 * "Dreams"/"Free” (Red Steel, RMCDS9297 - June 2022) - First single from the ‘Pluck!’ studio album. Non album B-side. Single accompanied by a video.
 * "Glad To Be Alive"/"Ache" (Red Steel, RMCDS92, 2023) - Second single from the Pluck! album. Non album B-side
 * "Woman Deluxe"/"Lobster" (Red Steel, RMCDS92, 2023) - Third single from the Pluck! album. Non album B-side

title: Walter Egan


text:
Povoação, Azores

Povoação is a municipality located in the southeastern corner of the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 6,327, in an area of 106.41 km2.

History
Colonization of the island is commonly associated with the settlement of Povoação Velha, the first colony on the island of São Miguel. In 1427, Diogo da Silva first arrived in the area of Povoação, accompanied by several men: "Arriving here on the island, the nine discoverers took land in the place where today we call Povoação Velha for which they made later...and, disembarked between two fresh ravines of clear, sweet and cold waters, (the Ribeira de Além and the Ribeira de Pelames) between the cliffs and high lands, (Morro de Santa Bárbara and Lomba dos Pós) all covered in greenery of cedro, laurel, ginger and faias, and other diverse". From the beginning, the locality impressed the settlers, since it was abundant in vegetation, to them indicating a fertile land.

In 1432, Gonçalo Velho Cabral, then first Captain-Donatário of São Miguel, chose the locality for the first settlement on the island. From this location they began to transport cattle, wheat seed, legumes and agricultural implements in order to make the settlement viable. On 2 July 1439, a royal decree from Infante D. Pedro, regent to King Afonso V, ordered Infante Henry to send sheep to the seven islands of the Azores (until that time Corvo and Flores had not been discovered).

During the 18th century, the region became a center of naval construction, owing to the abundance of wood in the immediate area.

The community of Povoação was elevated to the status of municipality in 1839, when it was de-annexed from the municipality of Vila Franca do Campo and later, Nordeste. The parish church, dedicated to Nossa Senhora da Mãe de Deus (Our Lady The Mother of God), was constructed from 24 July 1848, and is emblematic for its gilded wood altarpiece and the image of its patron. On 4 July 1865, the parish council building was first inaugurated, later to be the site of the municipalities local government.

The municipality, and in particular the town of Povoação, was damaged during the 1935 earthquake. Construction on the municipal garden began in the 1940s, during the execution of the reconstruction program for the urban nucleus.

Geography
With an area of 110.30 km2, Povoação is located 60 km east of the regional capital of Ponta Delgada and former historical capital, Vila Franca do Campo, along the southern extent of the Estrada Regional E.R. 1-1ª that circles the entire island. It is bordered on the east and northeast by the municipality of Nordeste, to the north by Ribeira Grande, and west by Vila Franca do Campo.

Physical geography
The municipality occupies the semi-active craters of the Furnas and Povoação volcanoes, circled by forests, mountains and river valleys to the north, west and east, while the Atlantic coast to the south. From 100,000 to 95,000 years ago, the Povoação crater, associated with the volcano, consists of volcanic products that were emitted from this volcano of the same name, that overlay the Volcanic Complex of Nordeste. Corresponding basaltic lava flows and other volcanic ejectants, the top of this formation is covered by materials involved in explosive eruptions from the Furnas volcano.

With about 100000-year history, the Furnas volcano is the youngest of the active volcanoes of São Miguel. The rock and mineral deposits are divided into three groups, consisting essentially of trachyte materials, constituted by pyroclastic deposits and flows resulting from explosive eruptions, lava flows and surges. The inferior layer includes most pyroclastic materials and volcanic products in the formation of the Povoação Ignimbrite (some 30000 years ago). The intermediate layer includes material produced between 30,000 years and 5,000 years ago (reaching the Fogo A deposits). Finally, the superior layer includes all activities until 5000 years ago.

Much of the remainder of the land is occupied by agricultural lands, specifically on the fertile plains over the river valleys. These geological structures resulted in a diversified landscape, dotted by parks, lookouts, belvederes, beaches and salient waters, including the Lagoa das Furnas (Lake Furnas) a volcanic crater lake and the manicured gardens of the Terra Nostra Garden (Parque Terra Nostra). The Furnas valley is a source of important horological resources, resulting from the active volcanism of the region, with fumaroles, boiling mud, thermal baths and at least one recognized tepid beach (Ribeira Quente). This valley includes 22 classified mineral-rich medicinal waters (the largest center of its kind).

Human geography
With a population of 7000 inhabitants, the municipality consists of six civil parishes (that administrate local authority), which include:
 * Água Retorta
 * Faial da Terra
 * Furnas
 * Nossa Senhra dos Remédios
 * Povoação
 * Ribeira Quente

The largest civil parish (by population and density) is Povoação; the smallest parish is Água Retorta, while Faial da Terra is the most spare community; while Ribeira Quente is the smallest civil parish by area.

Economy
The municipality is sustained by the agriculture and fishing industries, with many of the businesses and commerce situated in the coastal urban center of Povoação. Tourism is also an important part of the regional activities with places like Furnas attracting naturalists and leisure activities.

Civic

 * Discoverers' Gate (Porta dos Descobrimentos), located on the coast, it is the presumed location that the first discoverers and settlers disembarked on the island at the end of the 1440s.
 * Law Court of Povoação (Tribunal Judicial de Povoação)
 * Municipal Council of Povoaçao (Câmara Municipal da Povoação), today the main building for the entire municipality, the square building was inaugurated in the 20th century;
 * Park and Residence of Murtas (Parque e Casa das Murtas)
 * Sub-Regional Hospital of Povoação (Hospital Sub-Regional de Povoação)
 * Thermal Spa of Furnas (Estação Termal das Furnas)

Religious

 * Chapel of Nossa Senhora das Vitórias (Capela de Nossa Senhora das Vitórias)
 * Church of Nossa Senhora da Mãe de Deus (Igreja Paroquial de Povoação/Igreja da Mãe de Deus), inaugurated on 24 July 1848, it is prized for the gild work and historic image of its patron saint;
 * Church of Nossa Senhora da Graça (Igreja Paroquial de Faial da Terra/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Graça)
 * Church of Nossa Senhora da Penha de França (Igreja Paroquial de Água Retorta/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Penha de França)
 * Church of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios (Igreja Paroquial Nossa Senhora dos Remédios/Igreja Nossa Senhora dos Remédios)
 * Church of Nossa Senhora de Rosário (Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosário na Praça Velha), most commonly known as the Igreja Velha (the Old Church), it was constructed in 1745, on the precise site that the hermitage and cemetery of Senhora da Consolação (Our Lady of Consolation) was erected;
 * Church of Santa Ana (Igreja Paroquial das Furnas/Igreja de Santa Ana)
 * Church of São Paulo (Igreja Paroquial de Ribeira Quente/Igreja de São Paulo)
 * Hermitage of Santa Ana (Ermida de Santa Ana/Igreja Velha)
 * Hermitage of Santa Bárbara (Ermida de Santa Bárbara)

title: Povoação, Azores


text:
Bruce Rioch

Bruce David Rioch (born 6 September 1947) is a football manager and former player for the Scotland national team. His last managerial post was at AaB in the Danish Superliga in 2008.

As a player, he made more than 550 appearances in the Football League and, by virtue of his parents' birthplaces, represented Scotland in 24 matches; he became the first player born in England to captain Scotland. As a manager, he has taken charge of clubs in England, including Arsenal, where he signed the famous Dennis Bergkamp, and in the United States, and Denmark. His brother Neil, son Gregor and nephew Matty Holmes were also professional footballers.

Playing career
Rioch was born in Aldershot, Hampshire: his father served there with the Scots Guards, eventually becoming a sergeant major. His father had been born in Kinneff, Aberdeenshire, and his mother in Skye, each qualifying him to play for Scotland. After moving to Luton, Bedfordshire, at the age of 14, he joined his local side, Luton Town, turning professional in September 1964. He made his first team debut later that month, and his league debut in November 1964 in a 1–0 defeat at home to Southend United. He spent a couple of years establishing himself and was a regular member of the Luton team, scoring 24 goals, that won the Fourth Division title in 1968. He moved to Aston Villa in July 1969 for a fee of £100,000, then a record fee paid by a Second Division side. He won a League Cup runners up medal in 1971, Villa losing 2–0 to Tottenham Hotspur.

He moved to Derby County in February 1974, winning a League Championship medal. He joined Everton in December 1976, but returned to Derby County in November 1977. After a dispute with the Derby manager, Tommy Docherty, Rioch had brief loan spells with Birmingham City in December 1978 and with Sheffield United in March 1979. He then left the Baseball Ground to play for NASL side Seattle Sounders. While playing with Seattle Sounders in 1980 he was named to the NASL First Team All-Stars. He returned to England in October 1980 when he joined Torquay United as player-coach, working at first under Mike Green and then under Frank O'Farrell.

Torquay United
In July 1982, Rioch became player-manager of Torquay United, but left in January 1984. In February 1985, after 13 months out of the game he was appointed manager of FC Seattle, of the US Western Soccer Alliance, but resigned in September 1985 to return to England.

Middlesbrough
He was appointed as manager of Middlesbrough in February 1986 and his first success in management came in 1987 when he guided Middlesbrough to runners-up spot in the Third Division and promotion to the Second Division at the end of a season which had started with them locked out of Ayresome Park by the official receiver and on the verge of bankruptcy. A year later they won a second successive promotion, this time as winners of the Second Division promotion/First Division relegation playoffs. Middlesbrough showed great promise in the first half of 1988–89, but fell away badly and were relegated on the last day of the season (despite having not occupied a relegation place prior to that). He was sacked the following March as the Teessiders hovered just above the Second Division drop zone but on the brink of their first ever Wembley final in the Zenith Data Systems Cup.

Millwall
Rioch made a quick return to management the following month with Millwall and guided them to a playoff place in the 1990–91 Second Division campaign, but left in March 1992.

Bolton Wanderers
Rioch's next stop was at Bolton Wanderers, becoming manager in May 1992. In his first season they beat cup holders Liverpool 2–0 at Anfield in an FA Cup replay which many fans feel was the start of Bolton's resurgence. They finished runners-up in Division Two and won promotion to Division One. The following year Bolton finished in a respectable mid-table position as well as beating Premier League opponents Arsenal, Everton and Aston Villa in the F.A cup. In the 1994/95 season they were League Cup losing finalists to Liverpool and beat Reading 4–3 in extra time in the Division One playoff final after being 2–0 down at half time.

The playoff final victory was Rioch's last game as Bolton manager. A few weeks later he accepted the Arsenal manager's job and was replaced at Bolton by Roy McFarland. He is considered to be one of the best Bolton managers of all time by the club's supporters.

Arsenal
In 1995–96, his only season at Arsenal, Rioch guided Arsenal to a UEFA Cup place, finishing fifth in the Premiership. It was achieved on the last day of the season, at the expense of Everton, Blackburn Rovers and Tottenham Hotspur. Arsenal also reached the League Cup semi-finals, but lost on away goals to Aston Villa, and were knocked out of the FA Cup in the third round by First Division side Sheffield United.

Just before the beginning of the 1996–97 season, Rioch was sacked, after a dispute with the club's board of directors over transfer funds.

Rioch was also known for his intensive training methods, according to former Arsenal player Adrian Clarke.

Queens Park Rangers
After leaving Arsenal, he worked as assistant manager under Stewart Houston (his former assistant at Arsenal) at Queens Park Rangers, but was sacked along with Houston after just over a year at Loftus Road.

Norwich City
In May 1998, Rioch was appointed manager of Norwich City in Division One. He resigned after less than two seasons at the helm after failing to get the Canaries anywhere near the promotion and playoff places that the club had long been hoping for. He cited a perceived lack of ambition at the club as the main reason for his decision to resign (he correctly predicted that the club's star player Craig Bellamy would inevitably be sold), however he also acknowledged that the club's uncertain financial position meant that the transfer funds available to him were limited.

Wigan Athletic
Rioch made a swift return to management with Wigan Athletic for the 2000–01 season. He won the Manager of the Month award for November 2000, but left the club the following February, as they occupied the Division Two play-off zone. The club said that Rioch had resigned, but he said he was dismissed.

Odense Boldklub (OB)
Rioch was intent on returning from management, and was linked with the Derby County manager's job after John Gregory was sacked at the end of the 2002–03 season. But it was four years before he made his return to management. He was appointed as head coach of Danish Superliga side OB in June 2005. He led OB to a third place in his first season in charge, but decided to leave the club on 12 March 2007 due to his wife's illness, as the official explanation. The media, however, reported that the actual cause was a dispute between Rioch and the management of OB.

Aalborg BK (AaB)
In June 2008, Rioch returned to management with Danish champions AaB after former head coach Erik Hamrén moved to Rosenborg BK. His first priority was to try to qualify AaB for the Champions League which they entered in the second qualifying round. He guided them into the group stage after defeating FK Modriča and FBK Kaunas. By beating Celtic, AaB came third and thus entered the UEFA Cup. Rioch, however, did not witness this victory from the bench: On 23 October 2008 he was dismissed as AaB had only two victories from ten games and were second from bottom of the Danish league.

Later career
In November 2009, Rioch was linked with a return to football as manager of the Scotland national team, this following the departure of George Burley. In March 2010, he took training sessions at Cornish non-League club Falmouth Town, near his home. He later became involved with coaching at another Cornish club, Penryn Athletic of the South West Peninsula League.

International

 * Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Rioch goal.

Player
Luton Town
 * Fourth Division: 1967–68

Aston Villa
 * Third Division: 1971–72
 * League Cup runners-up: 1970–71

Derby County
 * First Division: 1974–75
 * FA Charity Shield: 1975

Scotland
 * Home Championship: 1975–76, 1976–77

Manager
Bolton Wanderers
 * First Division play-offs: 1994–95
 * Second Division promoted: 1992–93
 * League Cup runners-up: 1994–95

Middlesbrough
 * Second Division play-offs: 1987–88
 * Third Division promoted: 1986–87
 * Full Members Cup runners-up: 1989–90

title: Bruce Rioch


text:
Buba

Buba is the largest city in southern Guinea-Bissau and the capital of the Quinara region. Itlies on the extreme end of the Rio Grande de Buba, near the Contanhez National Park, and has a population 6,815 (2008 est).

History
The area that is now Buba was once a part of the Biafada kingdom of Biguba. The city's name is a corruption of this state, although the modern town was not prominent until the 19th century.

Buba was the most important commercial center in Portuguese Guinea from the early 1840s to the late 1870s. During a civil war in Forria in the late 19th century Fula rimbe (noble) forces attacked Buba looking for escaped slaves, who had fled to the town for Portuguese protection. The instability led to a collapse in the peanut trade, crushing the town's economy. By the time the Portuguese had established control over the entire area, the economic heart of the colony had moved to Bissau and Bafata, leaving Buba a backwater.

The Portuguese constructed an army camp in Buba, which, shortly after independence, was used as the headquarters for a Dutch Foreign Aid Project aimed at providing the villages of Quinara and Tombali with safe drinking water. The construction of a plywood factory through Swedish Foreign Aid in 1982 boosted the economy and growth of Buba, as it installed a steam engine which produced enough electricity to supply the whole town. During his presidency, former President of Guinea-Bissau Kumba Yala planned to move the capital city to Buba. Those plans have been dropped since he was deposed in a coup d'état.

Economy
Construction was planned for a new railway, road, and deepwater port that could host three 70-tonne vessels at any given time, built by Angola Bauxite in order to export bauxite. The 2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état saw the project suspended.

title: Buba


text:
Bafatá

Bafatá is a town in central Guinea-Bissau, known as the birthplace of Amílcar Cabral. The town has a population of 22,501 (2008 est). It is the capital of Bafatá Region as well as the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bafatá, which was established in March 2001 with Carlos Pedro Zilli as bishop.

Bafatá is noted for its brickmaking. By the 1880s it was an established trading centre for the Portuguese, including peanuts, cattle, hides, textiles, and salt.

Landmarks
The town is served by Bafatá Airport, an airstrip, and a regional hospital. There is a hotel, the Bafatá Apartamento Imel. The restaurant Ponto de Encontro serves Portuguese cuisine. The surrounding forests are noted for their monkey and antelope populations, and Maimama Cape, owned by a Cape Verdean, organizes trips to visit the animals for tourists. The town is in a derelict state; the streets contain tumbleweeds and cracked tarmac. Several of the main avenues are named Bissau, Brazil and Guiana.

Climate
Bafatá has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw), not dissimilar to Bissau although about a third drier overall and substantially hotter during the afternoons due to its inland location. As with all of Guinea-Bissau, there are two extremely contrasting seasons: a dry season from November to May with dusty harmattan winds and sweltering, rainless weather, and a monsoonal wet season from June to October featuring heavy thunderstorm rains almost every day and hot, uncomfortably humid conditions.

title: Bafatá


text:
Bubaque

Bubaque is one of the Bijagós Islands in Guinea-Bissau, and is also the name of its main town. The island has a population of 6,427, while the town of Bubaque has a population of 4,299 (2009 census). The area of the island is 75 km2, it is 13.6 km long and 8 km wide.

The island is known for its wildlife and is heavily forested. It is also where the UNESCO nature reserve headquarters is situated, as well as a museum.

Transportation
Bubaque Airport serves the island. A weekly ferry runs to Bissau from Bubaque's port. All transportation on the island itself is done by motorbike or on foot.

Notable people

 * Stefanie Gercke (b. 1941), German-South African writer
 * Juvêncio Gomes (b. 1944), fighter for the PAIGC and later mayor of Bissau

title: Bubaque


text:
Bolama (town)

Bolama is the main town of Bolama Island and the capital of the Bolama Region. Though once the capital of Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau), it has a population of just 4,819 (2009 census) and much of its colonial era architecture is in a state of severe decay. The town is almost surrounded by mangrove swamps and is now mostly known for its production of cashew nuts.

History
Although often visited by local people, the island was apparently uninhabited in 1792 when European colonists arrived. The Bulama Association, a philanthropic and financial organisation, hoped to create a colony that would remove the need for slave plantations in the Caribbean by resettling Black former slaves from the Americas on the island. The expedition, which consisted of two ships and two hundred and seventy-five colonists, set sail from England on 14 April 1792. Philip Beaver, president of the council of the colonization society, was commander of HMS Hankey; Richard Hancorn, vice-president, was commander of HMS Calypso. Most of the settlers died and the survivors abandoned the colony in November 1793. Hancorn died on the island weeks after the other leaders had decided to return home, on 21 July 1792.

Another colonisation attempt in 1814 also failed. Nonetheless, Britain continued to press its territorial claims to the town and island, hoping to annex the region to colonial possessions in Sierra Leone. Britain formally annexed the location, making it the capital of British Guinea. This gave rise to the so-called Bolama Question, a diplomatic conflict initially raised at the Madrid conference of 1861, and dragging on until 1870 when it was eventually settled through an arbitration process overseen by United States President Ulysses S. Grant. The Portuguese negotiator, António José de Ávila, was rewarded by being declared duke of Ávila and Bolama.

In 1879, Bolama became the first capital of Portuguese Guinea and later became a logistical centre for seaplane transport. A seaplane crash in 1931 is commemorated by a statue in the town. However, a shortage of fresh water meant that Bolama could never hope to develop into a major city and on 6 December 1941 the colonial capital was moved to Bissau. Thereafter, the town of Bolama slowly fell into decay. Numerous abandoned houses now provide shelter for many thousands of enormous fruit eating bats. Every evening, these bats flock to the mainland, darkening the skies. The ruins, most notably that of the Bolama Governor's Palace, are something of a low key tourist attraction. The old colonial barracks are now used as a hospital. A fruit processing plant was built on Bolama shortly after independence of Guinea Bissau, with Dutch foreign aid. This plant produced canned juice and jelly from cashew fruit. However, it could not expand and had to shut down its operations, due to the shortage of fresh water on the island.

Ulysses Grant Connection
A metal statue of American President Ulysses S. Grant stood in the town until August 2007 when broken up by scrap metal scavengers. Grant had chaired an international arbitration committee that, in 1870, granted Bolama to Portugal rather than to Great Britain. In gratitude, Grant's image was one of few colonial era statues to have survived into independence in the 1970s. The primary school in Bolama is still named the Ulisses Grant School in the president's honour.

Twin towns – sister cities
Bolama is twinned with:
 * Faro, Portugal

title: Bolama (town)


text:
Thomas McQuesten

Thomas Baker McQuesten (June 30, 1882 – January 13, 1948) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1934 to 1943 who represented the riding of Hamilton—Wentworth. He served as a cabinet minister in the governments of Mitchell Hepburn and Gordon Conant.

Background
McQuesten was born in Hespeler (now Cambridge, Ontario) in nearby Waterloo County, the youngest son of the five children of Isaac McQuesten and Mary Baker McQuesten. His father died from overdosing on sleeping pills leaving the family almost bankrupt when Thomas was six years old, and the family homestead narrowly avoided being sold to cover these debts. His family remained staunch Presbyterians, except one (Rev. Calvin, Chaplain of the Hamilton Sanitarium) and rejected joining the United Church of Canada in 1925.

Thomas received his primary and secondary education in Hamilton at Central School,and the Hamilton Collegiate Institute. In his graduating year of 1900, the HCI football team won the Ontario Championship.

Since there was no university in Hamilton at the time, McQuesten had to leave the city for his post-secondary education. He earned a B.A. in English, history, and classics at the University of Toronto. Extracurricular activity included rowing for the Toronto Argonauts (which was also a football team), president of Zeta Psi fraternity and editor of The Varsity newspaper.

McQuesten's older sister, Ruby Baker McQuesten, played a vital role in Thomas' life and success, however there is not record of him acknowledging her sacrifices. Ruby took a job as a teacher and sent almost her entire salary home to pay for Thomas' education. In her time away, Ruby wrote home of her loneliness. She eventually contracted a cough and died of tuberculosis.

Although a fellow U of T student beat his application for a Rhodes scholarship, McQuesten continued his education at Osgoode Hall, also in Toronto. He received his LL.B. law degree and was admitted to the bar in 1907. He began practicing law as a prelude to a planned political career, serving in firms in Toronto, Elk Lake and Hamilton.

During his early adulthood, McQuesten served part-time in the militia. In 1902, he was in the Royal Canadian Artillery and in 1904 he was a military surveyor. When the First World War began, he wanted to enlist but his family pressured him not to.

Electoral politics
McQuesten served as an alderman between 1913 and 1920, and tirelessly promoted parks as chairman of the Works Committee. In 1917, he and others presented a well-written but ultimately unadopted report on town planning with emphasis on railway lands.

Since his electoral ambitions reached higher, he began his climb in the Liberal Party of Ontario. In the early 1920s, he was an executive of the Hamilton Liberal Association and by the early 1930s he rose to provincial president. Finally, in 1934, he was elected as an MLA (later styled MPP) for Hamilton (the Legislative Assembly site says the riding was Hamilton Wentworth, but other sources say Hamilton West).

The newly elected MLA entered the provincial cabinet, serving concurrently as minister of highways (a position he held until 1943) and minister of public works. Among the many construction projects he spearheaded across Ontario were:
 * the Queen Elizabeth Way and the Burlington Bay Skyway Bridge linking Toronto, Ontario with Fort Erie
 * the Niagara Parkway along the Niagara River and the Rainbow Bridge over it in Niagara Falls
 * the Blue Water Bridge in Sarnia
 * the Highway 20 link to the Niagara Escarpment in Stoney Creek.
 * the Highway 2A through Oshawa, Ontario, now Highway 401.

Due in part to the start Second World War, Liberal Premier Mitchell Hepburn decided to keep the legislature and its second term government going longer than was popular. McQuesten participated in this strategy, adding a shifting number of portfolios to highways: mines (1940, 1942–43), municipal affairs (1940–43), and public works again (1942–43).

McQuesten was defeated in the 1943 election which saw the Liberal Party defeated by the Conservatives, banished from government until David Peterson became premier in 1985. His government appointments, however, continued after he left elected office.

Appointed politics
Throughout his life, McQuesten was able to parlay electoral success into permanent appointments to non-partisan agencies. This suited his technocratic (and sometimes autocratic) nature, allowing him to focus on necessary and useful but rarely politically interesting or rewarding activities. For instance, his advocacy for parks on Hamilton, Ontario City Council earned him an appointment to the permanent position on the Board of Park Management in 1922, where he remained until his death in 1948. In this position, he supported the construction of the Rock Garden and other landscaped areas on the Burlington Heights, which became part of Royal Botanical Gardens in 1932. After his retirement from electoral politics, McQuesten resumed his interest in RBG and became an executive member of that organization, active there until just before he died.

Among the many Hamilton civic leaders and boosters, McQuesten helped encourage McMaster University to relocate from downtown Toronto to west Hamilton in 1930. His motivations may have included the fact he had to move himself to attend university and that while there he lost the Rhodes Scholarship to a full-time Toronto resident in what was regarded as a slight against Hamilton.

After being elected an MLA in 1934, he served for a decade as the appointed chairman of the Niagara Parks Commission. Fort George at Niagara-on-the-Lake was rebuilt during his tenure.

He used his role as transportation minister to secure appointment as chairman of the Canada-U.S. Niagara Falls Bridge Commission in 1939. In addition to the more usual transportation aspects of the job, he used his position to engage in petty rivalry with wartime Prime Minister of Canada and fellow Liberal William Lyon Mackenzie King over an inscription on carillon bells at the Rainbow Bridge (Niagara Falls).

Death and tributes
In his last year of life, McQuesten suffered from intestinal cancer which had metastasized to his throat and he died on January 13, 1948. Shortly before dying, he was named Hamilton's Citizen of the Year.

After his death, the Hamilton High Level Bridge on York Boulevard was renamed Thomas B. McQuesten High Level Bridge. The structure was planned and built in the 1920s and '30s in conjunction with the North-Western Entrance to Hamilton program of the Board of Park Management, when he was most active on it. It spans the channel linking Cootes Paradise and the Desjardins Canal to Hamilton Harbour. The elegant bridge was designed by John M. Lyle.

His historic downtown family home was willed to the City of Hamilton after the death of the last of his five unmarried siblings in 1968. After its restoration was complete in 1971, Whitehern has been open as a civic museum and has occasionally served as a period film location. It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1962.

The McQuesten neighbourhood in Hamilton is named after him. It is bounded by Barton Street East (north), Queenston Road (south), Parkdale Avenue North (west) and the Red Hill Valley Trail. Landmarks in this neighbourhood include the Red Hill Valley Parkway, Red Hill Valley Trail and Hillcrest Park.

McQuesten was awarded permanent, honorary membership at The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America in 1947, shortly before his death. The organization sought to recognize his work in overseeing the construction of the Rainbow Bridge, Rainbow Tower, and the tower's 55-bell carillon.

Thomas McQuesten is considered to be the founder of Royal Botanical Gardens (Ontario). Within RBG's headquarters building, RBG Centre, a large central foyer is named the T. B. McQuesten Theatre. A large plaque in the David Braley and Nancy Gordon Rock Garden also dedicates the garden to the memory of McQuesten. The formal Thomas Baker McQuesten Memorial is an elevated lookout platform along York Boulevard on RBG's Burlington Heights properties.

title: Thomas McQuesten


text:
Bafata

Bafata may refer to:

 * Bafatá Region of Guinea-Bissau
 * Bafatá, city and seat of the Bafatá Region of Guinea-Bissau
 * Bafata, Oio, Guinea-Bissau

title: Bafata