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Willie Mae Ford Smith

Willie Mae Ford Smith (June 23, 1904 – February 2, 1994) was an American musician and Christian evangelist instrumental in the development and spread of gospel music in the United States. She grew up singing with her family, joining a quartet with her sisters. Later she became acquainted with Thomas A. Dorsey, the "Father of Gospel Music", when he co-founded the National Convention of Gospel Choirs and Choruses in 1932. Smith started the St. Louis chapter and became the director of the national organization's Soloist's Bureau, training up and coming singers in the gospel blues style. She became known for her nurturing temperament, leading to her commonly being called "Mother Smith" by those within her musical circle. For a decade she traveled ceaselessly tutoring, singing, and preaching in churches and at revivals. Her appearances were renowned for being intensely moving spiritual experiences.

A devout Christian, she rejected commercializing gospel music throughout her life, even during gospel's "golden age". Smith chose to perform live and on the radio rather than record. She was ordained as a minister and preached at a church in St. Louis, Missouri, for 30 years. However, not until the 1980s did she become known to mainstream audiences. She was the primary focus of the 1982 documentary film Say Amen, Somebody, about gospel singers in the U.S. Author Anthony Heilbut states, "her admirers and protégés are legion. This is simply the most influential female gospel singer of all time, and in the opinion of many, many fans, the greatest."

Early life (1904–1921)
Born in Rolling Fork, Mississippi, Willie Mae was the seventh of fourteen children of Clarence Ford, a railroad brakeman, and Mary Williams. Soon after she was born, her family relocated to Memphis, Tennessee for her father's work.

Willie Mae became familiar with blues from hearing it coming from a disreputable clubhouse adjacent to her family's Memphis back yard when she was still a toddler. Bar patrons tossed coins to hear her sing "Boll Weevil". The Fords moved to St. Louis, Missouri in 1917, and Mary started a restaurant where Willie Mae worked after dropping out of school in the eighth grade. Her parents were devout Christians, her father a deacon in their church. They fostered a love of singing, eventually encouraging Willie Mae and her sisters Mary, Emma, and Geneva to perform at their local church, True Light. They enjoyed it so much they formed a singing quartet called the Ford Sisters. Their reception at events, including the 1922 National Baptist Convention, was lukewarm.

In the early 20th century, music at urban black churches throughout the U.S. was formal and refined. Choirs performed sophisticated material from classical European composers, like Handel and Mozart, more to show their musical abilities than reiterate a spiritual message through music. Personalizing songs by improvising with melody, lyrics, and rhythm was generally not tolerated under the belief that it was common and undignified. In this light, Smith later said that the National Baptist Convention "hadn't really accepted gospel".

Introduction to gospel blues (1922–1930)
As her sisters grew, married, and had families, Willie Mae continued as a soloist, even after her 1924 marriage to James Smith, a man 19 years her senior who owned a general hauling business. James encouraged her to accept requests to sing in church, and expressed pride in her voice. Willie Mae was a talented soprano who seriously considered a career in classical music. However, at the 1926 National Baptist Convention, she heard a woman named Artelia Hutchins singing in a new style and changed her mind: "I knew then I had to be a gospel singer." Having two children, Willie James and Jacquelyn, did not make her any less determined.

In 1930, Smith had an auspicious meeting with Thomas A. Dorsey, a blues musician who had attempted to make a living writing gospel music without success. Two years before, Dorsey had a spiritual conversion after a bout of depression. His downstairs neighbor, also a good friend, died unexpectedly, and both events inspired him to write "If You See My Savior, Tell Him That You Saw Me". It was the first song Dorsey wrote that combined a blues structure to gospel lyrics.

Despite his best efforts, Dorsey found it impossible to sell his sheet music or break into the inner workings of Chicago's black churches. As a blues singer, his involvement in a culture widely considered to be sinful would not have been well received in churches, particularly in a position of leadership, which he was seeking. Dorsey thus had neither the time or interest in attending the National Baptist Convention in his home city of Chicago. Though he had gone in previous years, Dorsey stayed home in 1930. Smith traveled from St. Louis to the convention, with 15,000 attendees, and sang Dorsey's "If You See My Savior" to the general morning gathering. Upon hearing her, the audience was greatly moved. Smith performed it twice more on request; Dorsey, who did not know Smith before the convention, was beckoned to rush there where he sold 4,000 copies of his song. It led to his permanent position as music director at Chicago's Pilgrim Baptist Church, allowing him to focus entirely on gospel music.

Though Smith went home to St. Louis, Dorsey started the first gospel choir in 1931, and when demand proved it was needed, he co-founded the National Convention of Gospel Choirs and Choruses (NCGCC), an organization dedicated to training gospel singers in Chicago and throughout the U.S. the next year. Smith established the St. Louis chapter immediately.

Touring evangelist (1931–1950)
In 1931, Smith began to accept invitations to sing in other cities, turning into a 20-year run of touring churches and revivals throughout the U.S. Initially these engagements were meant to augment her husband's income, though it turned into a personal crusade. Smith's voice had developed into a booming contralto by this time. Accompanying her was an adopted daughter named Bertha, the two of them sharing a musical connection that was evident in their charismatic performances. Smith furthermore started her tenure running the Education Department of the National Baptist Convention; a role that lasted 17 years.

At the National Baptist Convention of 1937, Smith debuted her first composition, "If You Just Keep Still". A year later, she experienced a deep spiritual conversion when she underwent baptism in the Holy Spirit, whereupon she began speaking in tongues, leading her to become a member of the Church of God Apostolic. This experience caused Smith to change her lifestyle. She rejected the secular music she previously enjoyed, saying the blues and jazz artists such as Count Basie, Bessie Smith, and Cab Calloway no longer held any appeal for her. She proclaimed she was being called upon by God to minister. She was not always accepted. Multiple churches and pastors rejected her singing style for being unrefined. They also complained that she moved too much during her songs, and they disliked women delivering spiritual messages.

With a new intensity, however, Smith began delivering short sermons before and sometimes during songs when she was invited to sing. The blend of spoken word spiritual messages delivered alongside religious songs became known as the song-and-sermonette style of preaching, something that Smith was profoundly adept at doing. Congregations were often enthralled; gospel singer Alex Bradford likened her effect to weaving a spell with a single note. According to Anthony Heilbut, "Those who attended her programs consider them some of the deepest experiences of their lives." Women in the audience of one Smith performance threw their handkerchiefs and purses at her after hearing her rendition of "The Lifeboat Is Coming". Other singers dreaded following her as the audience wept and shouted, drowning out the next performer. Presenting a dramatic flair, she often donned a silken cape while she preached and sang in a dynamic fervor. Smith was not shy about arriving to her own engagements hours late to find the entire church full and eagerly awaiting her. Her influence and demand for her performances were at their peak during this time. She was hailed and revered by those who had attended her services. It was not uncommon for her to arrive with an entourage at the train station in St. Louis after a long tour and be met by a crowd, the Pullman porters bowing as she stepped regally off the train.

Smith became the head of the Soloists Bureau of the NCGCC in 1939, where she proved herself to be a gifted educator. Using simple compositions more often associated with children, such as "Jesus Loves Me" and "What A Friend We Have In Jesus", she demonstrated how to make them dramatic, powerful statements of faith: "I told the singers, don't laugh at these children's songs... Emphasize, meditate on the meaning. We're children too, and we need [God] bad. You can take the simplest message and if you sing out of your soul, you'll hit home." Former student Martha Bass recalls in addition to rehearsing songs, Smith's instruction addressed how to enter and exit the church, and how to speak and behave in front of the congregation. Smith trained or was otherwise associated with some of the most successful singing acts in gospel music, such as Mahalia Jackson, the Ward Singers, the Roberta Martin Singers, the Caravans, and Inez Andrews. Roberta Martin used Smith's arrangement of "What A Friend We Have In Jesus" as her signature song, as did J. Earle Hines of the St. Paul Baptist Church in South-Central Los Angeles, with "God Be With You". Several singers admit to being directly inspired to sing gospel blues after hearing Smith, including Edna Gallmon Cooke, Myrtle Scott, Goldia Haynes, and "Brother" Joe May.

Part of her touring entourage included younger singers under her tutelage. She took them to perform with her at "Willie Mae Ford Smith Specials", and earned her enduring "Mother" sobriquet by caring for her singers: "When we'd go out of town, I was their mother until we came back home. Anyone who was in distress, Mother Smith could help out, give money or part of my clothes." Her devotion and belief that God had called her to travel and minister to people through song was unshakable, though it disrupted her family's life and she felt a keen sadness at leaving her own children behind. She traveled so extensively that she was home only one week a month for about ten years. Much of the childrearing during the 1930s was passed to relatives. This became a sensitive point in her marriage and was remembered with mixed feelings by her adult children later in their lives. At one point, her husband, himself a devout deacon at their church, forbade her from leaving. To enforce this he once chased her down on a train about to depart. He fell down a baggage elevator, injuring himself, which Smith took as evidence of Divine intervention. Her husband did too, as he stopped trying to impede her any further.

Throughout her life, Smith steadfastly refused to commercialize her performances by asking to get paid. She took offerings for her services but the compensation was meager, at times barely covering her train fares and accommodations. Sometimes she had to request money from her husband to get home, which he obliged. She ended the decade on a high note, however, joining Mahalia Jackson for an Easter Sunrise concert at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles in 1949.

Later life (1950–1994)
Gospel music enjoyed its "golden age" between 1945 and 1960, but Smith's travels slowed and she became more settled when her husband James died in 1950, and her accompanist and daughter Bertha was unable to travel as frequently. Many gospel singing groups and soloists that Smith had trained pursued recording careers, some seeing considerable success. Smith recorded three singles around 1950, but true to her aversion of commercialism, she declined a recording career and preferred to perform in churches, revivals, and live on radio. She acknowledged her influence on Brother Joe May in particular, whose recordings were mirrors of her arrangements, offering them as a reason recording herself was unnecessary.

After being told that her church forbade her – or any woman – from speaking at the pulpit, Smith began attending then was ordained as a minister at the Lively Stone Apostolic Church in St. Louis in the 1950s. She continued to sing and preach there until the 1980s. Outside of gospel, Smith remained mostly unknown until 1972 when she appeared at the Newport Jazz Festival, singing sacred music. This led to her participation at a gospel concert alongside Marion Williams and Jessy Dixon at Radio City Music Hall. Reviewing the concert, the New York Times, described Smith's manner as an "evangelical seriousness that more closely resembled operatic stage presence". The next year, at 67 years old, she recorded her first album, I Believe I'll Run On, and in 1975, her second, Going On With the Spirit.

Smith was the primary focus of the critically acclaimed documentary film Say Amen, Somebody, released in 1982, where she describes her efforts to spread gospel and the obstacles she faced when first getting started. Aged 77 at the time of filming, Smith sings with her family in her kitchen, at the 1981 NCGCC meeting, and at a tribute concert organized by the film's director, George Nierenberg. She also mentors a young Zella Jackson Price, who expresses her difficulty reconciling the need to be at home with her family while being called on by God to sing. Guiding her protégée behind the scenes, Smith insisted that Price be included in the film. Four of Smith's songs in Say Amen, Somebody were included on the soundtrack, released in 1983.

The same year, she released her final album titled I Am Bound For Canaan Land, her only album to capture the ambient sounds of the participating audience with her voice. She stayed active singing and visiting nursing homes until 1985. One of Smith's final appearances was at a reunion concert for the singers featured in Say Amen, Somebody held in 1986 at the Fox Theater in St. Louis. Frail, in a wheelchair, and considerably thinner, she was barely able to sing, but prompted a rousing call and response among the audience. As observed by Harper Barnes, a reporter at the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, "as she kept speaking her words grew louder and stronger and turned into a hypnotic chant and the audience began responding as if the soaring parapets of the Fox were the walls of a church".

Smith was among twelve folk artists declared "living treasures" by the National Endowment for the Arts when she was awarded the National Heritage Fellowship in 1988, the highest honor given to American folk and traditional artists. She received a grant of $5,000. The next year, she was among 75 black American women included in the book I Dream a World: Portraits of Black Women Who Changed America. She died at age 89 of congestive heart failure at the Tower Village Nursing Home in 1994. A crowd of 500 celebrated her life at Lively Stone Apostolic Church where she preached and sang for 30 years. She is buried at St. Peter's Cemetery in St. Louis.

Legacy
Labeled "one of the most important gospel singers of the century" by The New York Times, Smith is considered a pioneer in the same vein as Thomas A. Dorsey, the "Father of Gospel Music". While Dorsey wrote 1,000 gospel songs and set standards for gospel choirs, Smith created the "openly emotional and spiritually exuberant performance style" so characteristic of gospel blues. In her heyday, Dorsey considered her more talented than blues singer Bessie Smith had she deigned to record secular music. Willie Mae Ford Smith furthermore embodied music as opposed to considering it a profession or hobby. In Black Music Research Journal, William Dargan writes, "Singing has been for Willie Mae Ford Smith a world in which she lives, rather than a mere phase of life she has picked up and put down." Watching her perform late in life, reporter Harper Barnes observed Smith's "remarkable, charismatic blend of pride and humility" that fueled her dramatic performances and her lifelong philosophy to reject commercialism and fame for piousness.

Smith was an inspiration to generations of gospel singers, a towering figure in black churches. Martha Bass remembered, "She had such joy, such a lovely personality. It would shine out beautifully... She used to sing a song called 'Give Me Wings,' and she made us feel like we were on wings. She was just real, that's all. If you don't sing inwardly, you can't sing outwardly."

However, outside of the gospel blues niche, she was relatively unknown until the release of Say Amen, Somebody when mainstream media began to try to quantify Smith's vocal abilities and their effects on the listener. Smith's delivery was described by Richard Harrington in the Washington Post as "a free, physical style that emphasized the beat and seemed closer to jazz and blues than to spirituals". And the St. Louis Post-Dispatch credited her personally for "contributions that have advanced gospel singing to an art form". Holding Smith responsible for the creation and popularization of the song-and-sermonette method of preaching, the National Endowment for the Arts attributes her influence to "her distinctive singing style, which brought to the gospel repertoire the range of vocal effects she heard as a young girl in country churches. She ornamented and bent the tones of the straightforward hymns that she preferred. She helped the great Mahalia Jackson develop the 'flowers and feathers' that so adorned her vocal style... Above all, she sang out of emotion, using every vocal effect from growling to crooning to express her sense of the moment."

Honors

 * National Endowment of the Arts National Heritage Fellowship, awarded 1988
 * St. Louis Walk of Fame, awarded 1988: star located at 6392 Delmar Boulevard

Discography
Singles
 * "Call Him" / "Jesus Is the Name" Gotham G667, ca. 1950
 * "Goin' On With the Spirit" / "Pilot, Take My Hand" Sacred 6015, ca. 1950
 * "Give Me Wings" / "What Manner of Man" ca. 1950

Albums
 * I Believe I'll Run On, Nashboro 7124, 1973
 * Going On With the Spirit, Nashboro 7148, 1975
 * I Am Bound For Canaan Land, Savoy Records 14739, 1983

Other appearances
 * Say Amen, Somebody: Original Soundtrack Recording and More, DRG Records – SB2L 12584, 1983
 * Mother Smith and Her Children, Spirit Feel 1010, 1989 (with Martha Bass, Brother Joe May, and Edna Gallmon Cooke)

title: Willie Mae Ford Smith


text:
Värmland Regiment

The Värmland Regiment (Värmlands regemente), designations I 22, I 2 and I 2/Fo 52, was a Swedish Army infantry regiment that traces its origins back to the 16th century. The regiment's soldiers were originally recruited from the province of Värmland, where the unit was later garrisoned. The unit was disbanded as a result of the disarmament policies set forward in the Defence Act of 2000.

History
The regiment has its origins in fänikor (companies) raised in Värmland in the 16th century. These units—along with fänikor from the nearby province of Närke—were organised into Närke-Värmland Regiment, which was split into two new regiments in 1812, one being Värmland Regiment, the other being Närke Regiment. The regiment was given the designation I 22 (22nd Infantry Regiment) in a general order in 1816. The designation was changed to I 2 (2nd Infantry Regiment) in 1939. In 1973, the regiment gained the new designation I 2/Fo 52 as a consequence of a merge with the local defence district Fo 52. Värmland Regiment was garrisoned in Karlstad from 1913 moved to Kristinehamn in 1994 before being disbanded in 2000.

Campaigns

 * The Campaign against Norway (1814)

Organisation

 * 1812
 * Livkompaniet
 * Kils kompani
 * Jösse kompani
 * Älvdals kompani
 * Grums kompani
 * Nordmarks kompani
 * Näs kompani
 * Gillbergs kompani

Colours, standards and guidons
After the regiment was raised in 1812, it was presented with on life colour and five battalion colours of the 1814 model. On 12 July 1849, the regiment was presented with two new colours for the 1st Battalion and the 2nd Battalion. The presenting was made by King Oscar I. In 1913 the colour was restored and one more battle honour was added. A new colour was presented to the regiment at the Artillery Yard in Stockholm by the commanding officer of the Middle Military District, major general Kjell Koserius on 13 May 2000. It was used as regimental colour by I 2/Fo 52 until 1 July 2000. From 1994, the colour was carried by both the regiment and the brigade. From 1 July 2000, the colour was carried by the Värmland Group (Värmlandsgruppen), and from 1 July 2005 by the Örebro-Värmland Group ( Örebro-Värmlandsgruppen).

The colour is drawn by Kristina Holmgård-Åkerberg and embroidered by machine in insertion technique by the company Libraria. Blazon: "On yellow cloth the provincial badge of Värmland; a black eagle, wings elevated and displayed, armed red. On a black border at the upper side of the colour, battle honours Fredriksodde 1657, Tåget över Bält 1658, Lund 1677, Landskrona 1678, Narva 1700, Düna 1701, Kliszow 1702, Fraustadt 1706, Malatitze 1708, Gadebusch 1712 in yellow".

Coat of arms
The coat of the arms of the Värmland Regiment (I 2/Fo 52) 1977–1994 and the Värmland Brigade (IB 2) 1994–2000. Blazon: "Argent, the provincial badge of Värmland, an eagle azure, wings elevated and displayed, armed and langued gules. The shield surmounted two muskets in saltire, or". The coat of the arms of the Värmland Regiment (I 2/Fo 52) 1994–2000 and the Värmland Group (Värmlandsgruppen) 2000–2004. Blazon: "Argent, the provincial badge of Värmland, an eagle wings elevated and displayed azure, armed and langued gules. The shield surmounted two swords in saltire, or".

Medals
In 1941, the Värmlands regementes (I 2) guldmedalj för framstående idrottsprestationer ("Värmland Regiment (I 2) gold medal for distinguished sport achievements") (VärmlregidrGM) of the 8th size was established. The medal ribbon divided in yellow and black moiré.

In 1994, the Värmlands regementes förtjänsttecken ("Värmland Regiment Medal of Merit") in gold (VärmlregGFt) was established.

In 2000, the Värmlands regementes (I 2) och Värmlandsbrigadens (IB 2) minnesmedalj ("Värmland Regiment (I 2) and Värmland Brigade (IB 2) Commemorative Medal") in gold with black enamel (VärmlregbrigSMM) of the 8th size was established. The medal ribbon is of yellow moiré with broad black edges and two thinly placed red stripes on the middle. An eagle of gold is attached to the ribbon.

Commanding officers
Regimental commanders active at the regiment during the years 1812–2000.

Commanders

 * 1812–1840: Carl Cederström
 * 1840–1856: O A Malmborg
 * 1856–1859: O A Brunecrona
 * 1859–1864: J H Rosensvärd
 * 1864–1877: A L T Wijkander
 * 1877–1881: J H Lemke
 * 1881–1892: Helmer Falk
 * 1892–1900: Ernst August Winroth
 * 1901–1911: Colonel Carl Otto Nordensvan
 * 1911–1917: Arvid Emil Uggla
 * 1918–1927: Axel Gustaf Adolf Leijonhufvud
 * 1928–1935: Claës Axel Klingenstierna
 * 1935–1939: Thord Rickard Evers
 * 1939–1951: Fredrik Grevillius
 * 1951–1953: Colonel Regner Leuhusen
 * 1953–1961: Sven Holmberg
 * 1961–1969: Carl Gustav Henrik Gideon Linnell
 * 1969–1980: Senior colonel Per Sune Wallin
 * 1980–1989: Senior colonel Ulf Ling-Vannérus
 * 1989–1994: Dan Albin Snell
 * 1994–2000: Yngve Johansson
 * 2000–2000: Björn Tomtlund

Deputy commanders

 * 1979–1980: Colonel Krister Larsson (acting)
 * 1980–1980: Colonel Ulf Ling-Vannerus
 * 1980–1981: Colonel Lennart Frick
 * 1981–1983: Colonel Ingvar Rittsél

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Värmland Regiment


text:
Talk:Direct digital synthesis

merge with Digitally Controlled Oscillator?
Like in the german WP there are articles about DCO and DDS. To me it looks like the same thing. --82.149.82.142 11:06, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * A link for the lazy user: DCO. Is there any page comparing the different frequency generators? --Petter.kallstrom (talk) 21:17, 14 November 2009 (UTC)

I also vote for merging. One difference might be a fixed versus a programmable look-up-table, but for the rest the concept is exactly the same. --151.65.233.84 (talk) 18:33, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

Lacking in theoretical basis
The article lacks a proper theoretical and mathematical basis. There is no reference to the importance of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem to the operation of a DDS. The comment: "In order to generate a reasonable representation of the waveform, at least a minimum number of samples must be taken from it" is imprecise and potentially misleading (the 'minimum number' might be two). There is no mention of the importance of a Reconstruction filter after the DAC nor of the consequences in respect of Aliasing if it is inadequate or omitted altogether. RichardRussell (talk) 23:35, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Rewrite
This page was in sad shape and I'm starting basically from scratch. The problem lies in a confusion of terms. Some authors use NCO and DDS interchangeably but this is technically incorrect. By convention, an Nco is the digital part (discrete time, discrete value) of a DDS which includes an NCO, a DAC, a reconstruction filter and a reference oscillator. The plan here is to describe the DDS system and wikilink to each of the components where the meat of the technical discussion will reside. I am also rewriting Numerically-controlled oscillator. The Dac and recon filter pages I'm leaving alone for now.

Feel free to contribute! JPatterson (talk) 17:30, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

The older version referred to DDS as a method rather than a device. I think that might be a better way to go... Hobit (talk) 14:55, 20 January 2010 (UTC) Ah, I see it was moved to synthesizer. _that_ I strongly disagree with. Direct Digital Synthesis is, in and of it self, an important DSP concept. Hobit (talk) 14:57, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

 * The articles, both old and new, describe an apparatus not a method. I changed the name to reflect that fact. DD Synthesis redirects here but if you wanted to write an article that describes the method, you could still do that. I think the DSP concept your are looking for is the numerically controlled oscillator which is the discrete time, discrete value portion of the DDS. JPatterson (talk) 15:23, 20 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Yep. The older versions of this article (pre move) actually discussed the method.  In fact the lede used the word "method" I believe.  I may fork this back to the DSP notion in a bit--I think both articles should exist. Hobit (talk) 22:44, 20 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Right, it said "Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) is an electronic method for digitally creating arbitrary waveforms and frequencies from a single, fixed source frequency.". But then the rest of the article went on to describe the apparatus not the method. Perhaps we could create a DD Synthesis page with the above lead and a "see also" pointing here?

What is "spurious"?
Hi there. This could completely be a technical term (jargon) that I don't get, but this seems to me like there's a word missing:

"Disadvantages include spurious due mainly to truncation effects in the NCO, crossing spurious resulting from high order (>1) Nyquist images, and a higher noise floor at large frequency offsets due mainly to the Digital-to-analog converter.[6]"

Spurious what? I believe this should be spurious products but am not learned enough on the subject.

AnyyVen (talk) 14:50, 31 October 2014 (UTC)

Why isn't the article "Digital synthesizer" linked here?
Isn't Digital synthesizer] related to this article? Isn't direct digital synthesis the typical architecture for digital synthesizers? I am thinking about editing but I'm not sure. - [[User:WorldQuestioneer|WorldQuestioneer (talk) 17:57, 16 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Direct digital synthesis


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Contemporary music

Contemporary music is whatever music is produced at the current time. Specifically, it could refer to:

Genres or audiences

 * Adult contemporary music
 * British contemporary R&B
 * Christian adult contemporary
 * Christian contemporary hit radio
 * Contemporary a cappella
 * Contemporary blues
 * Contemporary Catholic liturgical music
 * Contemporary Christian music
 * Contemporary classical music
 * Contemporary commercial music
 * Contemporary folk music
 * Contemporary hit radio
 * Contemporary improvisation
 * Contemporary Jewish religious music
 * Contemporary laïkó
 * Contemporary R&B
 * Contemporary soul
 * Contemporary worship music
 * New adult contemporary
 * Rhythmic adult contemporary
 * Rhythmic contemporary
 * Urban adult contemporary
 * Urban contemporary gospel
 * Urban contemporary music

Regions

 * Contemporary music of France
 * Contemporary music of Indonesia
 * Contemporary music of Madagascar
 * Malaysian contemporary music
 * Contemporary underground music in Syria

Institutions

 * Academy of Contemporary Music
 * Advanced School of Contemporary Music
 * ARChive of Contemporary Music
 * Association for Contemporary Music
 * Center for Contemporary Music
 * Center for Contemporary Opera
 * Contemporary Music Project
 * Cornel School of Contemporary Music
 * Edition of Contemporary Music
 * INSAM Institute for Contemporary Artistic Music
 * The Institute of Contemporary Music Performance
 * International Society for Contemporary Music
 * Judith Wright Centre of Contemporary Arts
 * London Centre of Contemporary Music
 * Quebec Contemporary Music Society
 * Rimon School of Jazz and Contemporary Music
 * School of Jazz and Contemporary Music

Ensembles

 * Accessible Contemporary Music
 * Birmingham Contemporary Music Group
 * Concorde Contemporary Music Ensemble
 * Contemporary Youth Orchestra
 * The Group for Contemporary Music
 * NOTUS, the Contemporary Vocal Ensemble
 * San Francisco Contemporary Music Players

Festivals

 * Cabrillo Festival of Contemporary Music
 * Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts
 * Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival
 * London Festival of Contemporary Church Music
 * Royan Festival for Contemporary Music
 * Tehran Contemporary Music Festival
 * Ultima Oslo Contemporary Music Festival
 * University of Plymouth Contemporary Music Festival

Albums

 * Cal Tjader Plays the Contemporary Music of Mexico and Brazil
 * Contemporary Jeep Music
 * Dreamweapon: An Evening of Contemporary Sitar Music
 * Jazz Contemporary
 * The Modern Jazz Society Presents a Concert of Contemporary Music

Publications

 * Apostles of Rock: The Splintered World of Contemporary Christian Music
 * Contemporary Christian Music Magazine
 * Contemporary Country

Awards

 * Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Album
 * Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song
 * Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Song
 * Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album
 * Grammy Award for Best Contemporary World Music Album
 * Grammy Award for Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance
 * Helpmann Award for Best Contemporary Concert Presentation

Instruments

 * Contemporary harpsichord

title: Contemporary music


text:
Talk:Contemporary music

Structure
I have made sections for the the periods mentioned in intro. Following the intro I propose that the second periods (post-75) should get the main attention; also because the main movements in the 1945-75 period has their own articles. But it may be difficult to find good sources especially for the post-2005 period? WikiPBia (talk) 21:47, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

Merge or expand to include pop, rock, jazz, hip hop, rap, etc, etc.
This article at present covers the same ground as Contemporary classical music but with far less content. Jubilee♫ clipman 01:54, 13 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes. I'm in favour of merging — but to Contemporary music. (As I've often said 'contemporary classical' is a contradiction in terms, even if it's sometimes used in commercial CD shops.) -- Klein zach  02:07, 16 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Quite apart from the contradiction in "contemporary classical", the term used in the business by festivals and promoters is usually either "contemporary music" or "new music", rarely if ever "contemporary classical music". --Deskford (talk) 14:48, 16 October 2009 (UTC)
 * The tag classical (small c) is necessary to distinguish from "pop", "rock", "jazz", "blues" etc: the two articles talk exclusively about "art music" which is labelled "classical music" by every authority I've ever read - I have a BMus(Hons) - and by the general public, despite the fact that the label should strictly be applied to the period c1740-c1820 (and despite the fact that other cultures have their own "classical music"). The Classical music article makes this quite clear.  See also discussion of proposed move to "art music" in 2004 and "most common name" discussion and followups in 2005.  Also see this edit and this discussion when European classical music was moved to Classical music.  I suggest merging Contemporary music into Contemporary classical music (which also happens to be a far easier task).  Jubilee♫ clipman  20:28, 17 October 2009 (UTC)
 * (small correction) the present article does talk about "popular music" but that bit is pretty pointless, IMO: obviously "contemporary popular music" refers to the very latest stuff, and anyway the term is never used, AFAIK. Jubilee♫ clipman  20:32, 17 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Another thought: the present article has a tiny revision history (under 250), whereas Contemporary classical music has an enormous one (close on 1000): I suspect the consensus will be with me. Jubilee♫ clipman  20:44, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

 * It may be easier for us to do the merger first and then discuss the title afterwards. In that sense I'm happy enough to see the merger done from Contemporary music into Contemporary classical music. (The 'classical' problem is a general one that is neither going to go away, nor something that can be easily solved.) -- Klein  zach  02:58, 18 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I thnik that the merging into the contemporary music article or wherever wouldn't be a bad idea. The contemporary music article clearly needs to be improved. Backtable Speak to Me  about what I have done  03:05, 18 October 2009 (UTC)

 * There seems to be enough consensus, and the idea has been floated for quite some time. I'll go ahead and do it.  Jubilee♫ clipman  03:21, 18 October 2009 (UTC)

Major issues to resolve
(Following posted on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Music, Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Classical music and Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Contemporary music)

The following articles overlap and the situation need to be rationalized: contemporary music, contemporary classical music, 20th-century classical music, and 21st-century classical music. The following issues are the most urgent (in order of importance):

 * It has been suggested that contemporary music and contemporary classical music be merged, but no consensus has been reached as to which way.
 * The article 21st-century classical music is contentious. It is claimed that the title is not the proper name for this period and that the article's subject properly belongs in contemporary music/contemporary classical music.  (Note that I wrote the article, in good faith, following up on a suggestion.)
 * 20th-century classical music appears to end in 1980, or so, despite the period defined in the Periods of European art music box.
 * None of the articles fully expore the music of the period in question.

Other issues exist, as well, but those above need immeadiate attention.

Thank you for your input. --Jubilee♫ clipman 21:45, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

'''This call for discussion has been posted on multiple talk pages. In order to keep all relevant discussions in one place, please post any response on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Classical music.''' --Deskford (talk) 12:50, 18 October 2009 (UTC)

From redirect to article, and now what?
This article was originally about Contemporary classical music. It's content was merged, and it was made a redirect to it. Recently, it was back to article, but as a disambiguation page. I bet we have many articles now that use this link, meaning classical music, and land on this thing instead. How can that be fixed?? -- Gerda Arendt (talk) 10:57, 7 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I noticed this and already started to fix it. It began when I realized that Contemporary Music (incorrect capitalization) was linked in too many articles, so I went to What links here and started to create piped links to Contemporary classical music in many of those. The same can be done with Contemporary music links. But caution must be exercised whoever does this. Most of the articles I've come across so far seem to refer to contemporary classical music, but others may mean something else on the list. It's also quite possible that an eclectic artist who professes expertise in "contemporary music" might be proficient in nearly everything on the list, so in such case no link change would be necessary.  Stony Brook  babble 19:05, 7 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you. I did the same for those of contemporary music links I knew, around 60. Several hundred will need inspection. I don't have more time right now, nor for days to come. Next time such a thing is done, I wish that the links can be fixed before the redirect is gone. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 20:09, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Contemporary music


text: Category:Hong Kong badminton players

title: Category:Hong Kong badminton players


text:
Frederick Ponsonby, 6th Earl of Bessborough

Frederick George Brabazon Ponsonby, 6th Earl of Bessborough (11 September 1815 – 11 March 1895), was an Anglo-Irish peer who played first-class cricket 1834–56 for Surrey, Cambridge Town Club (aka Cambridgeshire), Cambridge University (CUCC) and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).

Background and education
Ponsonby was born in Marylebone, the third son of John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough, and his wife Lady Maria Fane. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1837 he was admitted to Lincoln's Inn, and was called to the Bar in 1840. He inherited the earldom on 28 January 1880 when his elder brother died without a male heir.

Cricket
Throughout his cricket career, Bessborough was known as the Hon. Frederic Ponsonby. He played at both Harrow and Cambridge University, batting right-handed. He was an active player until about 1845, after which, due to an arm injury, he could only play sporadically. Ponsonby was a founder of Surrey County Cricket Club and was elected its first vice-president. He was also a founder of I Zingari, and of the Old Stagers amateur theatre company.

Personal life
Lord Bessborough died at Westminster on 11 March 1895. He never married, and was succeeded in the earldom by his younger brother, Walter.

He owned 35,000 acres, mostly in Kilkenny and Carlow.


text:
USS Kirk

USS Kirk was a Knox-class frigate destroyer escort, originally designated as DE-1087 and reclassified as a frigate, FF-1087 (1975), in the United States Navy. Her primary mission of ASW remained unchanged. She was named for Admiral Alan Goodrich Kirk. She is in service with the Taiwanese navy as the ROCN Fen Yang (FFG-934).

Her contract was awarded to Avondale Marine on 25 August 1966. Kirk was laid down on 4 December 1970, launched on 25 September 1971 and commissioned on 9 September 1972.

Service history
In April 1975 Kirk participated in Operation Eagle Pull, the evacuation of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and Operation Frequent Wind, the evacuation of Saigon, Vietnam.

As part of the U.S. fleet sent to facilitate the evacuation of Americans from South Vietnam, USS Kirk carried out one of the most significant humanitarian missions in U.S. military history. Commanded by Commander Paul H. (Jake) Jacobs and under the direction of a civilian, Richard Armitage, Kirk rescued the remainder of the South Vietnamese Navy, consisting of 18 ships and tens of thousands of Vietnamese refugees, leading and protecting the flotilla from Vietnamese waters to the Philippines. From there, most of the refugees ultimately emigrated to the United States.

During the evacuation, the Kirk became a makeshift landing pad for a stream of fourteen helicopters flown by South Vietnamese airmen fleeing for their lives with their families and friends on board. Having only a small flight deck, Kirk had nowhere to store the helicopters so the crew pushed all but three overboard into the China Sea. Early one morning while on station, the crew of the Kirk rescued two Marine pilots after their USMC AH-1J Cobra gunship crashed into the ocean near the ship. This was the last helicopter-gunship to be lost in Vietnam. The final refugees the Kirk received were literally tossed out of a hovering Boeing CH-47 Chinook that was too large to land on Kirk. Once the passengers were safely aboard, the pilot steered the craft about 50 yards aft of Kirk's stern, and jumped from the hovering helicopter. The craft then crashed into the water over the submerged pilot. He successfully surfaced and, after rescue by Kirk sailors, joined his family on board the American frigate.

In 2010, under the direction of VADM Adam Robinson, then Surgeon General of the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Navy created a documentary entitled The Lucky Few. It has since been translated into Vietnamese as well.

Decommissioning and Taiwanese service
She served in the U.S. Navy up until 6 August 1993, when the ship was decommissioned and leased to Republic of China Navy in Taiwan. In Taiwanese service she was renamed Fen Yang (汾陽) with the hull number changed to 934. On 29 September 1999, the ship was finally purchased by Taiwan.

title: USS Kirk


text:
Mother Nature

Mother Nature (sometimes known as Mother Earth or the Earth Mother) is a personification of nature that focuses on the life-giving and nurturing aspects of nature by embodying it, in the form of a mother or mother goddess.

Greek concept
The Mycenaean Greek: Ma-ka (transliterated as ma-ga), "Mother Gaia", written in Linear B syllabic script (13th or 12th century BC), is the earliest known instance of the concept of earth as a mother.

Greek myth of the seasons
In Greek mythology, Persephone, daughter of Demeter (goddess of the harvest), was abducted by Hades (god of the dead), and taken to the underworld as his queen. The myth goes on to describe Demeter as so distraught that no crops would grow and the "entire human race [would] have perished of cruel, biting hunger if Zeus had not been concerned" (Larousse 152). According to myth, Zeus forced Hades to return Persephone to her mother, but while in the underworld, Persephone had eaten pomegranate seeds, the food of the dead and thus, she must then spend part of each year with Hades in the underworld. The myth continues that Demeter's grief for her daughter in the realm of the dead, was reflected in the barren winter months and her joy when Persephone returned was reflected in the bountiful summer months

Ancient Rome
Roman Epicurean poet Lucretius opened his didactic poem De rerum natura by addressing Venus as a veritable mother of nature. Lucretius used Venus as "a personified symbol for the generative aspect of nature". This largely had to do with the nature of Lucretius' work, which presents a nontheistic understanding of the world that eschewed superstition.

Post-classical concept
The pre-Socratic philosophers abstracted the entirety of phenomena of the world as singular: physis, and this was inherited by Aristotle.

The word "nature" comes from the Latin word, "natura", meaning birth or character [see nature (philosophy)]. In English, its first recorded use (in the sense of the entirety of the phenomena of the world) was in 1266. "Natura" and the personification of Mother Nature were widely popular in the Middle Ages. As a concept, seated between the properly divine and the human, it can be traced to Ancient Greece, though Earth (or "Eorthe" in the Old English period) may have been personified as a goddess. The Norse also had a goddess called Jörð (Jord, or Erth).

Medieval Christian thinkers did not see nature as inclusive of everything, but thought that it had been created by God; earth lay below the unchanging heavens and moon. Nature lay somewhere in the center, with agents above her (angels), and below her (demons and hell).

Therefore mother nature became only a personification, not a goddess.

Basque mythology
Amalur (sometimes Ama Lur or Ama Lurra ) was believed to be the goddess of the earth in the religion of the ancient Basque people. She was described as the mother of Ekhi, the sun, and Ilazki, the moon. Her name meant "mother earth" or "mother land"; the 1968 Basque documentary Ama lur was a celebration of the Basque countryside.

Indigenous peoples of America
Algonquian legend says that "beneath the clouds lives the Earth-Mother from whom is derived the Water of Life, who at her bosom feeds plants, animals and human" (Larousse 428). She is otherwise known as Nokomis, the Grandmother.

In Inca mythology, Mama Pacha or Pachamama was a fertility goddess who presided over planting and harvesting. Pachamama is usually translated as "Mother Earth" but a more literal translation would be "Mother Universe" (in Aymara and Quechua mama = mother / pacha = world, space-time or the universe). It was believed that Pachamama and her husband, Inti, were the most benevolent deities and were worshiped in parts of the Andean mountain ranges (stretching from present day Ecuador to Chile and Argentina).

In her book Coateteleco, pueblo indígena de pescadores ("Coatetelco, indigenous fishing town", Cuernavaca, Morelos: Vettoretti, 2015), Teódula Alemán Cleto states, En nuestra cultura prehispánica el respeto y la fe a nuestra madre naturaleza fueron primordiales para vivir en plena armonía como seres humanos. ("In our [Mexican] prehispanic culture, respect and faith in our Mother Nature [emphasis added] were paramount to living in full harmony as human beings.")

Southeast Asia
In the Mainland Southeast Asian countries of Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, earth (terra firma) is personified as Phra Mae Thorani, but is believed that her role in Buddhist mythology differs considerably from that of Mother Nature. In the Malay Archipelago, that role has been filled by Dewi Sri, The Rice-mother in the East Indies.

Popular culture

 * In the early 1970s, a television ad featured character actress Dena Dietrich as Mother Nature. Vexed by an off-screen narrator who informs her she has mistaken Chiffon margarine for butter, she responded with the trademarked slogan "It's not nice to fool Mother Nature" (underscored by thunder and lightning).
 * Mother Nature is featured in The Year Without a Santa Claus voiced by Rhoda Mann. This version was the mother of Heat Miser and Snow Miser. When Mrs. Claus is unable to get them to compromise on a deal regarding snow in Southtown and a brief warm-up at the North Pole, she goes to Mother Nature for help. Mother Nature intimidates her children to doing as Mrs. Claus asks from them.
 * Mother Nature appears in the live action remake of The Year Without a Santa Claus, portrayed by Carol Kane.
 * Mother Nature appears in the 2008 sequel A Miser Brothers' Christmas voiced by Patricia Hamilton. Besides Heat Miser and Snow Miser, she is also shown to be the mother of Earthquake, Thunder and Lightning, the Tides, and North Wind. In the story after Santa Claus gets injured during one of the Miser Brothers' feuds (with some part of North Wind's henchmen secretly sabotaging Santa's new sleigh), she and Mrs. Claus make the Miser Brothers work at Santa's workshop to make it up to Santa Claus.
 * Mother Nature appeared as a recurring character in The Smurfs voiced by June Foray. She resides in a cottage in the Smurfs' forest.
 * Mother Nature is often mentioned in the Garfield comic strip.
 * Progressive rock band Kansas recorded the song "Death of Mother Nature Suite" as a protest against industrialization.
 * Mother Earth appears in The Earth Day Special, portrayed by Bette Midler. In the story when she falls from the sky and faints due to the problems with nature, she is rushed to the hospital where she is tended to by Doogie Howser and other doctors.
 * Mother Nature was featured in Happily Ever After, voiced by Phyllis Diller. She was depicted as the most powerful force of good in the movie, having complete control over nature, as well as the ability to create creatures from potions she made in her sanctuary.
 * Mother Nature is a recurring character in The New Woody Woodpecker Show, voiced by B. J. Ward. She was depicted as a fairy who often makes sure that Woody Woodpecker is doing his part in nature.
 * Mother Nature was a supporting character in The Santa Clause 2 and The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause, portrayed by Aisha Tyler. She was shown as the head leader of the Council of Legendary Figures (which also consists of Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny, Cupid, Father Time, the Sandman, the Tooth Fairy, and Jack Frost).
 * Mother Nature was featured in John Hancock written by Bo Bissett. She was referred to as Tara, a tribute to her name in Roman Mythology which was Terra or Terra Mater.
 * Mother Nature was a recurring character featured in Stargate SG-1 where she was portrayed as an ascended Ancient called Oma Desala.
 * The animated film Epic featured a character named Queen Tara (voiced by Beyoncé Knowles) who was a Mother Nature-like being.
 * Mother Nature was a character in the Guardians of Childhood series by William Joyce. The long lost daughter of the Boogieman Pitch, she was a young woman who could control phenomenons of nature. She stayed hidden while she watched the world. Her character was expanded in the latest book The Sandman and the War of Dreams.
 * She appeared in an ad campaign for Tampax feminine hygiene products, as a woman in a green tweed skirt-suit, handing a red "gift" to young women, who typically chase her away or beat her up, as the voiceover says, "Outsmart Mother Nature".
 * Mother Nature appeared in a major recurring role in the seventh season of Once Upon a Time. Mother Nature was a title for the leader of the dryads. In the story, the previous Mother Nature was Mother Flora (portrayed by Gabrielle Miller). Following the death of Mother Flora at the hands of some humans, Gothel (portrayed by Emma Booth) became the next Mother Nature.
 * Mother Nature was mentioned in the hit song "It's Raining Men." by The Weather Girls & eventually remixed by RuPaul. The lyrics relay that she is a single woman who is to be blessed...; that she took on the heavens, every angel, and rearranged the sky so that each and every woman could find the perfect guy.
 * A Mother Nature costume was used for a contestant in the sixth season of The Masked Singer. She was revealed to be actress Vivica A. Fox where she was eliminated during the two-night premiere alongside Dwight Howard as "Octopus" and Toni Braxton as "Pufferfish".
 * Jamie Lee Curtis co-wrote a graphic novel called "Mother nature".
 * In the animated film Moana there is a mother nature type of goddess known as Te Fiti, the mother island.

title: Mother Nature


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/T'ien Lung Tao

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 13:18, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC)

T%27ien_Lung_Tao
An ad for a Canadian martial arts school something. Gets 33 hits on Google. Squidwina 19:33, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This is not a Canadian martial arts school but an entire system of Martial Arts with school in the US, Canada, and Japan. Yes it isn't a notable one, neither is Pai Lum or Chi Ling Pai Gung Fu which it is descended from. Squidwina thought it was a school and was wrong on that account. What else could Squidwina be wrong about? - Unsigned comment provided by 66.82.9.75.
 * Comment The subject may be a system of martial arts, but it doesn't seem like a noteworthy one. The article is an ad nonetheless.Squidwina 21:46, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, advertisement. Megan1967 01:47, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: notability not established, advert. Wile E. Heresiarch 04:28, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I've studied the Chinese martial arts for 21 years and I've never heard of it. Regardless, it could still be notable, but what is there doesn't make that case and isn't an encyclopaedia article in the least. Delete. Fire Star 04:27, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I too have studied Martial Arts, since 1979. If you don't know who Daniel Pai, Manuel Agrella, Denis Decker, or Bruce Juchnik are then you probably don't know what T'ien Lung Tao is either. An advertisement would require contact information as how to join. What is provided is information about the system with no references as to where to get instruction in said system. So far you are not proving your point very well and showing to be more of the usual, our system is better than yours attitude. The fact is that no system is better than another. What can be better about a system is the scientific Theories it employs as a basis for its modality. Better questions result in better answers. I thought this place was supposed to be about information, not a place to flame. - Unsigned comment provided by 66.82.9.75.
 * This is a place for Wikipedia's editors to decide if the article should be kept. Fire Star 18:02, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

If you have an issue with an entry please be qualitative and quantitative about said post. Sweeping statements show a lack of ability to prove your point - Unsigned comment provided by 66.82.9.75.
 * Dear 66.82.9.75, my "sweeping statement" was admitting that I didn't know if the style was notable and I provided a context for that statement as well as saying that the article itself doesn't meet my standards for an encyclopaedia. I didn't say that I thought the style itself was good or not. I also said that I thought the article wasn't up to standards, and voted to delete it not just on the actual construction of the article (which can be fixed easily enough) but also informed by the context that I have indeed never heard of the style in all my years of training, judging tournaments and travelling to China. It is a new style invented by a Westerner and doesn't meet my standards for notability because of its newness, not its technical basis. I also considered your uncalled-for comments about Squidwina. I hope for your sake that such a tone isn't indicative of the philosophy of the art you espouse. That is my explanation, as you requested, and I have been shown no reason to change my vote as yet. I'm sorry that you felt that I also deserved a defensive response. I recommend that you read up on Wikilove. Fire Star 18:02, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Variety of Kung fu. Has a hit for a related book on Amazon.com. —Brim 17:46, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. I'm working on this with the original author to make it more suitable for an encyclopaedia by attaching history and an outline of its precepts. Muhuli 22:35, 2005 Feb 28 (UTC)
 * If the article is improved significantly AND evidence of notablilty provided (only 9 Google hits doesn't look good for it) I will change my vote. And please advise our unsigned friend on Wikiquette. Fire Star 23:38, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Dear “Fire Star”...

"it is a new style invented by a Westerner and doesn't meet my standards" sums up your argument and makes this appear as a personal issue, hence the seeming defensiveness. As I understand it, Wikipedia as a concept is supposed to be a living source of information. In this way, Wikipedia seems to embody a source of collective knowledge rather than a realm of personal myopic ramblings. Cataloging only what you feel is important leaves others to do without new and possibly desirable information, which seems to be contradictory to the concept of an open body of knowledge. As we are new here, it would be more constructive to assist us in sharing our information appropriately. We seek to share the history behind T'ien Lung Tao. We are not interested in ego conflicts.

We will continue to make revisions and if you wish to assist us that would be more helpful than what has been offered thus far.

Please note that we have added links to those persons and systems that have connections to T'ien Lung Tao. Many have been extremely influential throughout the Martial Arts world in the last 50 years ragardless whether or not you have personally heard of them. Our goal is to present only factual information in an unbiased way. If what we post does not come through that way please make exact reference to the issue so that we may clarify or remedy it accordingly. I am studying the Wikietiquette as you can see by my new signing. I have read up on Wikilove and haven’t seen much of it yet.AnDruidh 21:54, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

I have been a student of the martial arts for more than twenty years and have been a referee and judge on the open tournament circuit for a large part of that time. During my years of training, I was taught by virtually all of my instructors that an open mind was one of my greatest tools as well as one of my strongest weapons. Nothing should be taken at its face value nor should it be dismissed out of hand. Unfortunately, I have seldom seen this lesson put into practice by many of my colleagues. With this in mind, I undertook a little research into the art of T’ien Lung Tao.

I had the distinct honour and privilege of meeting Grand Master Dennis Decker several years ago and trained with him on a couple of occasions shortly before his untimely death. Master Decker was a great innovator and leader on the cutting edge of martial arts education in North America if not the entire world. I had never met with anyone in the martial arts more noteworthy and remarkable…until now.

I met with Mr. Bober (his students call him Professor) and several of the instructors of T’ien Lung Tao, and have found that the system is indeed noteworthy and remarkable. The standard of education in their martial arts is beyond anything I have previously experienced and the quality of instruction is exceptional.

I also reviewed a number of entries (not exclusively martial arts) in the Wikipedia site as well as other sites of a similar nature. I find that the outline of T’ien Lung Tao is not very different from many other similar articles that have been accepted for some time.

Granted, T’ien Lung Tao has, until recently, been rather unknown, unremarked and little noticed. I am reminded of another small organization of printers and bicycle makers who were unknown, unremarkable, and of little note until one cold, windy day in 1903 at a little-known place called Kitty Hawk.

Keep the article. Snowbear 05:11, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep.   -  Greetings:

As this site is open to anyone, thus the danger of having “anyone” posting. This can be either positive or negative. To observe these statements, knowing full well that there was no serious form of research done is a shame and a miscarriage of justice.

We have already seen statements made that were proven false. One individual has already made mention that in all of his years of training and judging he has never heard of it! We do not know the validity and quality of those years, yet it seems ironic that we are to believe his argument based on that he has not heard of it.

An extensive amount of martial artists have never even heard of a system known as Hanko-ryu. This system was created in Okinawa, and its founder would become one of the most famous Okinawan karate instructors of all time. Several movies were made based on his character.

This system is hardly even known today. Hanko-ryu (Half-Hard style) was created by Chojun Miyagi. Of course several years after creating hanko-ryu, he re-modeled it into what is now known as Goju-ryu. Most Goju-ryu stylists do not even know this.

In China, there are literally hundreds of martial arts systems, and the earlier commentary on never having heard of the style presupposes that the individual has extensively researched all of them.

I think there should not be a major focus on the history of the system but the information presented, which is hardly even discussed in martial arts circles. Having been in the martial arts for a couple of DECADES, having traveled across North America, I can name many systems that you may not have heard about.

Furthermore, disagreeing with the post just because the system was founded in the US strongly suggests a serious ethnic misconception of movement and motion. I am sorry but Orientals do not own human anatomy and physics.

I suggest you keep this post, and perhaps even learn from it by actually researching some of the material mentioned in it. -    jadescorpion

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Gssq

Amy Jo Johnson
In such instances, we usually create a redirect page in order not to lose the link with the article. I have corrected it now. --Sn0wflake 19:35, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

SGpedian's Notice Board
Do also check out our local notice board as well! ;) - Mailer Diablo 21:37, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Image:Hikaru no go Jap.jpg, listed for deletion
For the purpose of verification, could you specify your source? (For example, the volume number if it came from a comic book, or year and issue number if it came from a comic magazine (I suppose Shonen Jump?). ISBN would also be great as well, if you can find it.) —Tokek 08:53, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

An image or media file that you uploaded, Image:Hikaru no go Jap.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Tokek 08:46, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Chee Soon Juan
Regarding your edit in the article, could you verify the information on "hooked to a drip"? It has been contested by someone in Talk:Chee Soon Juan. --Vsion 16:16, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Oops. Wrong information from: I checked the ST archives. Indeed, there was no drip. gssq 16:50, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

Asian Prince
Can you provide a source for the following statement that you added to the Asian Prince article: "Originally, the site's pictures were hosted on a Vietnamese student's account Umass Amherst account, so it is likely that he was responsible for creating the website"? Thank you. Ishaka 10:14, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

It was a bit of investigative journalism I did, tracing the images. Documented: http://gssq.blogspot.com/2004/08/quote-of-post-mathematics-may-be.html The directory is long gone so I don't know if it's still "verifiable" gssq 17:50, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

January 2008
Hi, the recent edit you made to Raffles Girls' School (Secondary) has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thanks.  Majorly  (talk) 14:11, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Blood sword 1 cover.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Blood sword 1 cover.jpg. You've indicated that the image meets Wikipedia's criteria for non-free content, but there is no explanation of why it meets those criteria. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. If you have any questions, please post them at Media copyright questions.

Thank you for your cooperation. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 08:14, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

July 2008
Welcome to Wikipedia, and thank you for your contributions. One of the core policies of Wikipedia is that articles should always be written from a neutral point of view. Please remember to observe our core policies. Clubjuggle T / C  06:16, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:Blood sword 1 cover.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Blood sword 1 cover.jpg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 19:02, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Proposed deletion of File:Old heartbrand.jpg

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title: User talk:Gssq


text:
Als (island)

Als (, Alsen) is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea.

Geography
Als lies to the east of the Jutland peninsula, across from the Danish town of Sønderborg, and north of the coast of Southern Schleswig, Germany. Covering an area of 321 km2, the island has a total population of 51,322 as of 1 January 2010. It is administered as part of the Sønderborg Municipality as of 1 January 2007.

To the north and east of the island are the waters of the Little Belt, to the south is Flensborg Fjord, and to the west is Als Fjord and Als Strait (Alssund).

The town of Sønderborg is the capital, and was originally entirely on the island, but has spread onto the mainland, being split by the waters of Als Strait: the strait that separates the island from Jutland, the Danish mainland and part of Als Fjord. It has a good harbour and considerable trade. The two halves of the city are connected over the fjord by two bridges: the 682-metre-long Als Strait Bridge (Alssundbro), built between 1978 and 1981, carries road traffic; and the 331-metre-long King Christian X's Bridge (Kong Christian Xs Bro), built between 1925 and 1930, which originally carried both road and rail traffic but is now purely for road traffic.

Ferry services are run from the town of Hardeshøj on the island to Ballebro on the Jutland mainland, and from the town of Fynshav to Søby on the island of Ærø and to Bøjden on the island of Funen.

Als is a fertile island with a thriving pig breeding industry. The island was formerly known for its fruit orchards, some of which are still in operation.

The west coast of the island has many bays and coves: Stegsvig, Sandvig, Ketting Nor, Lille Hav, Augstenborg Fjord, Kær Vig, Hørup Hav, and Dyvig. On the east coast along the Little Belt lies the 7 km2 Northern Forest (Nørreskov), and Lake Nordborg (Nordborg Sø).

The former municipality of Nordborg is the home of Danfoss, Denmark's largest industrial company, and a number of its subsidiaries.

History
There are many archeological finds that show the island has been inhabited from the late Stone Age. From the Bronze Age comes the Hjortspring boat.

During the Middle Ages the island came under the influence of a number of noblemen, each of which ruled over their portion of the island, and its citizens. King Christian III's son, Duke John, came in possession of the island as a titular Duchy, and he bought the other noblemen out. The island was again divided into several smaller Duchies later on, but this venture failed eventually.

The town of Augustenborg grew up around Augustenborg Palace which was established in the years after 1651 by Ernest Günther, a member of the ducal House of Schleswig-Holstein (its branch of Sønderborg), great-grandson of King Christian III, and a cadet of the royal house of Denmark. The palace, and the town consequently, received the name in honour of Ernest's wife Auguste, who was from another branch of the Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein.

The palace became the chief seat of their line which used the name Augustenborg as its branch name. Later a Danish king made the head of that line specifically Duke of Augustenborg. They grew in relative prominence in late 18th century, and the Duke of Augustenborg became the dominating person on the island.

The Duchy was taken over by the Danish Crown after the last Duke of Augustenborg to live at the palace, Christian August II, had sided with the Schleswig-Holstein pro-German nationalist movement against Denmark. He left on March 18, 1848.

That same year during the First Schleswig War (1848–1851), the Danes directed their main attack against Field Marshal Friedrich Graf von Wrangel's Austro-Prussian army from the lighthouse on the peninsula of Kegnæs at the southwest end of Als.

In 1864 the Battle of Als took place there.

After these two wars over which nation would rule the island (and the whole of Schleswig), the following period saw the island under Prussian and German rule, although the island's population was largely Danish.

In 1870 Als was fortified by Prussia.

Following the Schleswig plebiscites of 1920, Als as part of the northern voting zone returned to Danish rule.

After 1920 Als has been marked by growing industry, especially after 1945 when Danfoss grew into an international corporation.

The Augustenburg line died out in the 20th century.

Attractions

The town of Sønderborg is home to Sønderborg Castle (Sønderborg Slot) and Sandbjerg Estate (Sandbjerg Gods). Sønderborg castle is located in the centre of the town, and houses a museum focusing on the history and culture of the area. The museum is open year-round. Sandbjerg Estate, which had belonged for many years to the Dukes of Sønderborg, and then to the Reventlow family, was donated to Aarhus University in 1954.

The island's Augustenborg Palace has been converted into a hospital. There is an exhibit about the castle, the town and its ducal history in the building's entryway. The castle church is open to the public in the summertime, and tours are given.

In literature
The writer Herman Bang was born in 1857 Asserballe on Als and was a child during the Second Schleswig War when the island came under Prussian (later German) rule. That traumatic war forms the background of Bang's novel Tine (1889), which tells the tragic love story of a young girl on the island of Als. It was translated to various other languages, making people in other countries familiar with Als.

Notable people

 * Vibeke Vasbo (born 1944 on Als) a Danish writer and women's rights and lgbt rights activist

title: Als (island)


text:
File:MetroidPrimebox.jpg

Metroid Prime box cover. Copyright Nintendo. Found here.

Fair Use Rationale for Metroid Prime
Rationale for the fair use of this image in the article Metroid Prime.
 * 1) The cover is used to represent a well known and significant video game.
 * 2) This image has been used in several websites, and so use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible or visible than it already is.
 * 3) The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the game.
 * 4) The image does not limit Nintendo's ability to sell the game.
 * 5) Metroid Prime has been released for public purposes, and therefore, the screenshot is intended for wide distribution.

title: File:MetroidPrimebox.jpg


text:
Talk:Himno de Riego

Davis cup
Yes, there were a few red faces at the Davis Cup final, but

Because of its Republican origin, it is an offence to play this anthem nowadays

is a bit over the top, IMHO: I doubt there are any tunes it is an offence to play in the current climate of opinion in Spain (even the old fascist anthem Cara al Sol is permitted even if not enthusiastically welcomed by large sections of society).

I have tried to rewrite the article in a slightly more laid-back style... -- Picapica 19:37, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Could someone be so kind as to translate the Spanish? Not knowing Spanish, I'm staring at it blankly. -- Penta 16:51, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I'll get to that in the next few days. A few months late, but no worries Dannycas 02:51, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Sorry for the multiple edits
...all were minor ortographic edits, but I forgot to check the box. Sorry.

Update
I started off by tabulating the lyrics to make them easier to compare between languages. Then, one thing lead to another and I found myself getting stuck into the Apocryphal intro. This then lead to the thought that Apocryphal is a bit of a misnomer as what it actually means is "spurious, fictitious, false; fabulous, mythical", which doesn't really seem to be the case here as the alternative words are widely distributed. It seemed easier to sidestep this by calling them the "satirical" version (though a better word could probably be found). Anyway, if people are unhappy with the "apocryphal" changes, I'll gladly put the copy back to the way it was (but with links).

Roger 12:18, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

I'm the one who included the Satyrical lyrics in the article and I'm fine with your edits. I agree that "Satyrical" fits them better than "Apocryphal". --SatoshiMiwa 08:51, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Butt -v- Arse -v- Ass in the Satirical lyrics
I see that the last line has been changed. The history tells me this is not the first time. The problem is that for much of the world an ass is a type of donkey. Can we come up with a word that is acceptable on both sides of the Atlantic? How about "bottom" (innocuous) or "bum" (jocular)? I see from American tv that bum is rapidly gaining currency. Roger 07:08, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Definite article
Shouldn't the page be moved to Himno de Riego, without the el? after all, the name of the anthem does not include the definite article! --Medievalista (talk) 19:22, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Translation in english
Who translate the hymne ? No source ? http://www.wordreference.com/esen/reverse/orbe Orbe mean globe, no voice, there is an error first paragraph. I let you correct it, estoy traduciendo en français. Cordialement, Plaqueminier (talk) 15:50, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Orbe is translated as "world" in this case, not as "voice". “De nuestros acentos el orbe se admire" is "Our voices shall astonish the world" in the translation. Zhonghua88 (talk) 22:08, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

Sources & Controversies
I have added some of the information that was on the Spanish article. I am yet to add the sources for it so I put the RefImprove template on it so that anyone who passes by might improve them because I am a bit busy at the moment and can't do it myself but I will come back to do it as soon as possible.

I also propose that we should probably put all the controversies together into one Heading and each individual controversy should be a sub-heading instead. It makes more sense! Jtrrs0 (talk) 22:09, 14 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Himno de Riego


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Dead Putting Society

"Dead Putting Society" is the sixth episode of the second season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 15, 1990. In the episode, Homer and Ned quarrel and bet which of their sons, Bart or Todd, will win a miniature golf tournament. Homer is confident Bart will win and bets that the father of the boy who does not win must mow the other's lawn in his wife's Sunday dress.

The episode, which was the first to prominently feature Ned and the rest of his family, was written by Jeff Martin and directed by Rich Moore. While animating "Dead Putting Society", the animators went on a field trip to a local miniature golf course to study the mechanics of a golf club swing. Since airing, the episode has received positive reviews from critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.3, and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired.

Plot
Watching Homer mow his lawn with frustration, Ned invites him to Ned's basement rec room for a beer. When Homer sees Ned's well-furnished house and his perfect relationship with his family, he angrily accuses Ned of showing off and is asked to leave. Later Ned feels guilty about his outburst and writes a letter of apology to Homer. Homer reads the letter aloud at the breakfast table, where the Simpson family laugh at Ned's sentimentality, as well as his use of the word "bosom".

Homer takes Bart and Maggie to Sir Putt-A-Lot's Merrie Olde Fun Centre for a round of miniature golf. They encounter Ned and his son Todd there and play golf together. Bart and Todd learn of an upcoming children's miniature golf tournament and enter it. Although Todd is skilled at playing, Homer is confident Bart will win. He tells Bart that it is not acceptable to lose and forces him to angrily stare at a picture of Todd for fifteen minutes every day for motivation.

Doubting his golfing skills after seeing his meager collection of sports trophies, Bart accepts Lisa's offer to help him practice. Lisa approaches the task as a zen master, teaching Bart to meditate. She finds the golf course is based on simple geometry and teaches Bart how to achieve a low par. Homer makes a bet with Ned about whose son is a better golfer: the father of the boy who does not win the tournament will mow the other father's lawn in his wife's Sunday dress.

On the day of the tournament, Homer encourages Bart to win at all costs. Bart and Todd play well and are tied when they reach the eighteenth hole. Realizing that they are equally skilled at golf, they call it a draw and split the $50 prize. Ned suggests that means their bet is off, but Homer insists that they both must mow each other's lawn in their wife's Sunday dress because of the way their bet is worded. To Homer's dismay, Ned is not humiliated but actually enjoys mowing Homer's lawn in his wife's dress because it reminds him of his college fraternity days.

Production

"Dead Putting Society" was written by Jeff Martin and directed by Rich Moore. Martin was an experienced miniature golfer and based much of the golf-related scenes in the script on his own experiences. Parts of this episode are also based on the film The Karate Kid (1984), including the way Bart practices for the miniature golf tournament by balancing on a trash can in a "crane position". For "Dead Putting Society", the animators went on a field trip to a local miniature golf course to study the mechanics of a golf club swing. Moore commented that the reason for this was that much of the humor on The Simpsons comes from making the scenery look lifelike; "The realism of the background serves as the straight man for the absurd situations."

This episode was the first to prominently feature Ned Flanders and the rest of the Flanders family, and contained the first appearances of Maude and Rod Flanders. Maggie Roswell was given the role of Maude, Ned's loving wife, and became a regular cast member with this episode until 1999 after a pay dispute. She had previously played supporting parts in the show's first season. Nancy Cartwright, the voice of Bart, commented on Roswell's acting: "Maggie has been blessed with a skill in creating one of the hardest things to create: the 'normal sound', whatever that is. So she can easily slip into the gal next door."

Reception
"Dead Putting Society" originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 15, 1990. In its original American broadcast, the episode finished 35th in the ratings for the week of November 12–18, 1990, with a Nielsen rating of 14.3, equivalent to approximately 13.3 million viewing households. It was the highest-rated show on Fox that week.

Since airing, the episode has received positive reviews from television critics. Doug Pratt, a DVD reviewer and Rolling Stone contributor, praised the episode as one of the best from season two. He commented that the miniature golf challenges "are delightful, the denouement is highly amusing... and the beauty of the whole episode is that it could just as easily be an episode in a live action TV sitcom, though the slight touches of fancy enabled by the animation enhance its comic impact." Dusty Sanders of the Rocky Mountain News commented that the title of the episode is "funnier than the content of most TV sitcoms". DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson commented that "considering what a prominent character Flanders became, it's strange to realize that 'Dead Putting Society' was the first show to feature him heavily. He'd made some token appearances in the past—most notably in season one's 'Call of the Simpsons'—but 'Dead Putting Society' much more clearly defined the Ned we'd come to know and love. It also featured scads of good little bits and gags and seemed like a solid program."

The authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, commented that apart from "the memorable lawn mowing sequence at the end, this episode is notable for our first viewing of the gaudy, gadget-filled, God-fearing splendour that is the Flanderses' home." The Orlando Sentinel's Gregory Hardy named it the ninth best episode of the show with a sports theme. The reference to The Karate Kid was named the 21st greatest film reference in the history of the show by Total Film ' s Nathan Ditum.

title: Dead Putting Society


text:
Talk:Comb filter

The spectra of a frequency modulation signal will have equally spaced spectral lines which decrease in amplitude farther away from the center frequency. Communications systems take advantage of this effect by transmitting FM signals with center frequencies that would normally interfere with each other, but are arranged so that their spectral lines interleave. A comb filter can then select the signal of interest. This technique was used to expand monaural FM broadcast radio and monochrome video to stereo and color, by interleaving the extra spectral information. See subcarrier.

(I'm not sure if this is true, so I'm not adding it yet.) - Omegatron 19:42, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Stanford.edu page talking about feedforward and feedback comb filters

So it's named for the spectrograph it produces..
but nobody's found a graphic to illustrate the effect yet? I'm hardly a math geek so I won't try, but it would be nice to see what this means in practice.

"Similar to ring modulation"?
As far as I'm aware, a comb filter has nothing in common with ring modulation. A comb filter is just a particular discrete-time linear filter, whereas ring modulation involves multiplication, i.e. non-linear. Hence ring modulation will create intermodulation distortion. Oli Filth

 * Multiplication in the frequency domain is equivalent to convolution in the time domain. Linear filters can be equivalently represented by multiplication with an appropriate signal in the frequency domain. I believe the comment that it is similar to ring modulation means that if a delayed signal is ring modulated with the original signal in the frequency domain, then the result is similar. From what I can tell from the articles, this seems to be the case.--84.161.176.177 (talk) 16:59, 12 December 2012 (UTC)

What if you do stuff to the delayed signal?
In my understanding, if you add a delayed signal to the original signal, that's a comb filter. Fine, but what if you do something to the delayed copy? If you invert it, it's obviously still a comb filter, but what if you EQ the delayed signal as well? Is it a comb filter, or is it just kind of like a comb filter? I ask because I'm writing a plugin for a music program that does this sort of thing, and I don't know whether to describe it as a comb filter or kind of like a comb filter. - furrykef (Talk at me) 05:14, 5 January 2006 (UTC)
 * You might end up with a patent violation. Sounds a bit like Karplus-Strong_string_synthesis, if you feed it with a signal and leave it comb. But sounds pretty neat. Good luck.

 * A comb filter is just a special filter structure. If you alter the response of the delay line, then you're back to any old filter; the adjective "special" no longer applies, so it's not a comb filter anymore. IMO. Oli Filth 02:04, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

Half finished?
This article like many Wikipedia seems to be pretty good technically at least in some ways but there seems to be a lot missing. What this article really needs is a proper TV engineer to write at least a section for it (I could be persuaded to do this but I would have to do a lot of research first and I haven’t touched the subject for about ten years). - But there needs to be a section about comb filters in television systems and other analogue electronics.

 * Comb filters are not specific to TVs; they're used all over the place in signal processing applications. For instance, in interpolation and decimation filters, there is a class of filter known as cascaded integrator comb (CIC), which uses a comb filter.

Anyway, in analogue TV the comb filter isn’t a small peripheral component of the system, its actually pretty much the heart of the whole decoder. (As I remember) It is the comb filter that breaks the signal up into components and it does a kind of magic that allows a very simple circuit to do a very complex task. In fact I seem to remember that it is use of comb filters that made the whole analogue TV system possible. Even monochrome TVs need a comb filter though it is what is called a simple comb - a single resistor.

 * A resistor does not perform any filtering on its own.

I also suspect that the description of comb filters based and focused on delays is only partially correct or complete, it is more of a ‘simplified’ 'scientific' rather than an engineers explanation, has a lot of math, and may actually confuse people. Yes comb filters can or do use delays but the essence of the filter is that it is recursive (a repeated element) - another name for them I have heard is ‘recursive filters‘. Also I don’t think the shape of the waveform is the place the filter got its name from, its circuit diagram actually looks like a comb or matrix made of resistors, but I think the name came from a more abstract level - the filter orders in a certain way, it was originally conceived as like a comb - it just happens that the waveform looks the same because that is what it does.

 * No, a comb filter is just one type of filter. It can be feedforward or feedback (recursive).  It relies on delays to operate (as do all filters).  Almost all digital filters are derived from "repeated elements"; see the image at digital filter, for instance.  The comb filter is so called due to the shape of its frequency response.

The delay based version of the circuit is only one type and there are others - the TV circuit for instance is purely driven by phase. In fact I seem to remember reading somewhere that comb filters are considered a ‘universal’ type (this means that combs can be made to perform almost any function and also that almost any given circuit type can be made to work as a comb). This was probably from an early book on cybernetics, or feedback, computation or AI (my own main subject area).

 * Phase-shift and delay are essentially the same thing. Oli Filth 11:47, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

The final thing not mentioned is the inventor of the comb filter, who I think may be someone like Norbert Werner or one of his friends, but this is purely a guess.

Lucien86 06:36, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Incidentally, I do agree that the article is severely lacking. There are no diagrams of implementations in terms of delay lines, no pole-zero diagrams, and the frequency response diagrams are unhelpful, at best.  The derivation of the frequency response is made more complicated than it needs to be by working with $$e^{j\omega n}$$ rather than z. Oli Filth 11:47, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I was bored, so I've completely re-written the article to include all this stuff. Oli Filth 16:39, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Very nice work. Thank you very much. --Kvng (talk) 17:35, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

What is alpha?
What does alpha represent? "Scale factor" does not mean anything to me. 71.168.90.28 (talk) 23:26, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * A more common and specific word for "Scale factor" is "gain". Probably would make sense to make this substitution in the article. --Kvng (talk) 17:35, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

Plots
Engineers (as opposed to mathematicians) are accustom to seeing response plots with logarithmic magnitude scale. I realize it is impossible to plot a null on such a scale but I feel the use of linear plots has to potential trip up the casual reader. I suggest changing example set of alphas for feed forward case to same use for feedback case (0.5, 0.75 and 0.9) and plotting on a logarithmic scale. In addition to showing a more conventional representation, we'll see that the feedback form is a flipped version of the feed-forward form. I'd also like to request inclusion of phase response plots paired with the magnitude plots. --Kvng (talk) 17:35, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

Dupes
Sorry to be a pedant, but anyone know why all the illustations are duplicated?

Also (again sorry to flaunt my ignorance), but any chance someone could explain what this is about in a way suited to the meanest intelligence? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.159.115.106 (talk) 21:45, 27 November 2010 (UTC)

TV comb filter
There seems to be no information in this article, NTSC, or Composite video about the implementation of the comb filter in NTSC television sets; this article only has a brief mention of their existence and purpose. Is it worth creating a separate article on Comb filter (television)? (I am currently too busy to do this myself.) --SoledadKabocha (talk) 01:45, 17 November 2014 (UTC) (+ 04:13, 21 July 2015 (UTC))

Comb filter-effect links here...
…as do some related articles like Microphone practice. This article needs expansion on this aspect of the topic. Theodore Kloba (☎) 16:11, 1 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Comb filter


text:
List of ships named HMS Terror

The most well-known HMS Terror (1813) took part in James Clark Ross's expedition to Antarctica from 1839 to 1843, and John Franklin's lost expedition in 1845, both with her sister ship HMS Erebus (1826). She was originally a 10-gun bomb vessel launched in 1813 and converted to a discovery vessel in 1836. She was involved in the bombardment of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812. The two ships were converted to screw propulsion in 1844 in preparation for their second polar expedition, where they became trapped in ice near King William Island and were abandoned in 1848.

Eight other ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Terror: Shore establishment:
 * HMS Terror (1696) was a 4-gun bomb vessel launched in 1696, and captured and burnt by the French in 1704.
 * HMS Terror (1741) was a 14-gun bomb vessel launched in 1741 and sold in 1754.
 * HMS Terror (1759) was an 8-gun bomb ketch launched in 1759 for the British Royal Navy that it sold in 1774. New owners renamed her Union. She made two voyages as a Greenland whaler before becoming a London-based transport. She remained a transport until she was lost on 20 May 1782 off the Malabar coast of India.
 * HMS Terror (1779) was an 8-gun bomb vessel launched in 1779 and sold in 1812.
 * HMS Terror (1794) was a 4-gun gunboat, formerly a Dutch hoy. She was purchased in 1794 and sold in 1804.
 * HMS Terror (1856) was a 16-gun iron screw floating battery launched in 1856. She became the base ship at Bermuda in 1857 and was sold in 1902.
 * HMS Terror was previously the iron screw troopship HMS Malabar (1866). She was launched in 1866, became a base ship in 1897 and was renamed Terror in 1901. She was put up for sale in 1914 and was sold in 1918.
 * HMS Terror (I03) was an Erebus-class monitor monitor launched in 1916. She was sunk in an air attack in 1941.
 * HMS Terror (from 1945 to 1971) was also the name of the Royal Navy barracks next to Singapore Naval Base in Sembawang, Singapore.

title: List of ships named HMS Terror


text: Category:Olympic sailors for Hong Kong

title: Category:Olympic sailors for Hong Kong


text:
Category:Villages in Switzerland

Articles about villages in Switzerland that are part of a (larger) municipality.

See also: Category:Municipalities of Switzerland

title: Category:Villages in Switzerland


text: Category:855 deaths

title: Category:855 deaths


text:
Alsen

Alsen may refer to:

Places

 * Als Island, Denmark; called Alsen under Prussian/German administration (1864–1920)
 * Alsen, North Dakota, US
 * Alsen, South Dakota, US
 * Alsen, Sweden, a parish and former municipality in Jämtland County, Sweden
 * Alsen, a hamlet in Catskill, New York, US

People

 * Herbert Alsen (1906–1978), German operatic bass
 * Elsa Alsen (1880–1975), Prussian-born American operatic soprano

title: Alsen


text:
User:Lexw

__NOINDEX__ On the Dutch Wikipedia I'm known as Lexw.

On the German Wikipedia I'm known as Lexw.

de:Benutzer:Lexw nl:Gebruiker:Lexw

title: User:Lexw


text:
User talk:Tomem~enwiki

I gather this is a page for messages and comments...

My interest in wikis has been growing and took a recent jump when I played around with a Mac shareware application called VoodooPad. This creates a desktop personal wiki, which is one way to not organize a personal information manager. I never knew maintaining hyperlinks could be so easy. --TomEM 23:31, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

I used to be a HyperCard enthusiast, mostly for personal information management, but this was back before the internet made HyperCard look very limited and private, in contrast with the web. It appears to me that wikis represent a return of the HyperCard stack for online communal use, which is wonderful. So far, however, it doesn't seem to have gotten at the code object part of HyperCard, in which every object can contain code. I'm sure this will come in time and indeed, VoodooPad allows for links to scripts of various kinds, or they can be installed as menu items. I look forward to seeing the full promise of a networked HyperCard coming to fruition, a huge clearinghouse of procedures and algorithms, akin to Wikipedia, but for a different kind of knowledge... --TomEM 23:31, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Tomem. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Tomem~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:51, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tomem~enwiki


text:
Talk:Queen's Award for Export Achievement

I'm not sure whether William Grant & Sons has won the Queen's Award more than once in 1974. Can someone confirm any other years in which they have received it? I believe they may have received it once or twice in the late 1990s. mat334 | talk


text:
Jean Althen

Jean-Baptiste Joannis Althen, better simply known as Jean Althen (Hovhannès Althounian; 1709–1774), was an Armenian agronomist from Safavid Iran who developed the cultivation of madder in France.

Although the plant had been present in the region before his arrival, it was Jean-Baptiste Althen who developed its cultivation, turning it into an industry.

Biography
Jean-Baptiste was born to a certain "Althen and Catherine Madrecha" in the Safavid Empire, in a village he called "Chaouch". Jean-Baptiste grew up in a time of much turmoil, as the Safavid Empire, then ruled by King (Shah) Sultan Husayn ((r. undefined – undefined)1694–1722), was in a state of heavy decline. During the Afghan invasion, Jean-Baptiste's parents were killed while he was enslaved and brought to Kayseri in the Ottoman Empire. According to Sibylla Schuster-Walser / Encyclopædia Iranica, in Kayseri, "he learned cotton cultivation and dyeing". In ca. 1736, Jean-Baptiste managed to escape and moved to France.

In France, he received authorization by incumbent King Louis XV ((r. undefined – undefined)1715–1774) "to start state-aided cotton fields". When it became apparent that his efforts to grow cotton had been in vain, Jean-Baptiste started cultivating "Oriental madder" in Avignon in 1754, with great success. Associated with a local landlord, Clauseau Aïné, he produced a crop of 2500 kg (5500 lbs) in 1769. Sibylla Schuster-Walser notes that madder "soon became a main crop of the region". Jean-Baptiste died in poverty in 1774.

In 1846, about 70 years after his death, Jean-Baptiste was honored for his efforts as the French erected a statue of him in Avignon. A French commune, Althen-des-Paluds, is named after him, as well as statues and streets in several cities of the south of France. The plant genus Althenia is also named after him.

title: Jean Althen