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Talk:Bishop's College (Sri Lanka)

This article was proposed for deletion Feb. 2005. The discussion is archived at Votes for deletion/Bishop's College. Joyous 18:31, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Bishop's College (Sri Lanka)


text:
A Date with Judy

A Date with Judy is a comedy radio series aimed at a teenage audience which ran from 1941 to 1950.

The series was co-created by Jerome Lawrence and Aleen Leslie, and based on Leslie's “One Girl Chorus” column in the Pittsburgh Press. Lawrence left the show in 1943.

The show began as a summer replacement for Bob Hope's show, sponsored by Pepsodent and airing on NBC from June 24 to September 16, 1941, with 14-year-old Ann Gillis in the title role. Mercedes McCambridge played Judy's girl friend. Dellie Ellis (later known as Joan Lorring) portrayed Judy Foster when the series returned the next summer (June 23 – September 15, 1942).

Louise Erickson, then 15, took over the role the following summer (June 30 – September 22, 1943) when the series, with Bristol Myers as its new sponsor, replaced The Eddie Cantor Show for the summer. Louise Erickson continued in the role of Judy over the next seven years as the series, sponsored by Tums, aired from January 18, 1944, to January 4, 1949. Ford Motors and Revere Cameras were the sponsors for the final season of the radio series on ABC from October 13, 1949, to May 4, 1950. Richard Crenna costarred on the series.

The series was so popular CBS developed a rival program Meet Corliss Archer featuring Janet Waldo, which also enjoyed a long run and proved to be equally successful.

Film and television
As the popularity of the radio series peaked, Jane Powell starred as Judy in the 1948 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film A Date with Judy. Wallace Beery, Elizabeth Taylor, Robert Stack, and Carmen Miranda also headed the cast.

A television version of the show ran on ABC on Saturdays during daytime hours beginning on June 2, 1951. It originally starred Pat Crowley as Judy. The series moved to prime time during the summer of 1952 and was brought back again midway through the 1952–53 season. The series ended its run on September 30, 1953. This version featured Mary Linn Beller as Judy, John Gibson and Flora Campbell as her parents, Peter Avramo as her brother, and Jimmy Sommer as her sort-of boyfriend Oogie.

Comic book
A Date with Judy also had a long run as a comic book based on the radio and TV series. It was published by National Comics Publications from October–November 1947 to October–November 1960. There were 79 issues.

title: A Date with Judy


text:
Monastery of the Holy Mandylion, Moscow

The Monastery of the Holy Mandylion or Zaikonospassky Monastery (Заиконоспасский монастырь) is an Orthodox monastery on the Nikolskaya Street in Kitai-gorod, Moscow, just one block away from the Kremlin.

It was founded in 1600 by Boris Godunov. At first called "Saviour the Old", the monastery gradually acquired its present quaint name which alludes to its location and means "the Saviour behind the icon shops".

In the late 17th century, the monastery's learned administrators such as Symeon of Polotsk and Sylvester Medvedev had it transformed into a hotbed of enlightenment. Between 1687 and 1814, it was home to the Slavic Greek Latin Academy, Russia's first secondary education establishment. There is a memorial plaque in honor of its most famous student, Mikhail Lomonosov. After Lomonosov founded the Moscow University in 1755, the academy declined in importance.

The surviving buildings include the Baroque katholikon of the Holy Mandylion (originally constructed in 1660-1661; rebuilt in 1717–1720 and 1742), several 17th-century chambers as well as a former school building which dates to 1822. After the October Revolution, the monastery's distinctive belltower was pulled down and the remaining buildings were given to the Moscow State Institute for History and Archives.

The Russian Orthodox Church had the Zaikonospassky Monastery reopened in 1992. It has been involved in litigation with the institute's successor over ownership of these assets. In 2014, the belltower was rebuilt to the same design.

Burials

 * Karion Istomin
 * Symeon of Polotsk

title: Monastery of the Holy Mandylion, Moscow


text:
Talk:Congo Crisis

Summary style and major parties
I had tagged with the leaders of all the major Congolese parties in attendance with which, but was reverted by Indy beetle per WP:SUMMARY. I would argue that specifying which parties are considered major (or alternatively, the party leaders who actually attended the meeting) is a fairly important detail, especially because the term "major party" is not used anywhere else in the article. Thoughts? HouseBlastertalk 14:50, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately I cannot access any specific page from that source used to support that statement. But as the editor who originally added the full list of delegates to the Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference article (with a different sour e), I would presume that Zeilig was implying the presence of the MNC-K and MNC-L, BALUBAKAT, ABAKO, PSA, CEREA, and CONAKAT. I honestly don't think "major" is such an obfuscating term in this context as it would imply "politically significant". -Indy beetle (talk) 10:09, 22 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Would an efn listing the parties (using the source from Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference) work for you? Something like (I don't love the phrase The following people were present) HouseBlastertalk 21:18, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Congo Crisis


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Arne Nordheim

Arne Nordheim (20 June 1931 – 5 June 2010) was a Norwegian composer. Nordheim received numerous awards for his compositions, and from 1982 lived in the Norwegian government's honorary residence, Grotten, next to the Royal Palace in Oslo. He was elected an honorary member of the International Society for Contemporary Music in 1997. On 18 August 2006, Arne Nordheim received a doctor honoris causa degree at the Norwegian Academy of Music. He died at the age of 78 and was given a state funeral.

Musical education
At the then Oslo Conservatory of Music (now the Norwegian Academy of Music), where Nordheim studied from 1948 to 1952, he started out as a theory and organ student, but changed to composition, studying with Karl August Andersen (1903–1970), Bjarne Brustad, and Conrad Baden. Then in 1955 he studied with Vagn Holmboe in Copenhagen, and studied musique concrète in Paris. Later he studied electronic music in Bilthoven (1959), and paid many visits to the Studio Eksperymentalne of Polish Radio (1967–1972), where many of his early electronic works were realised (including Pace, Solitaire, and Lux et tenebrae (Poly-Poly)). In 2005, many lost and forgotten tapes of electronic compositions for radio drama for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) were rediscovered, reminding us that Nordheim also developed his electronic musical language in his home country.

Career
His Essay for string quartet was first performed in Stockholm in 1954, but Nordheim always considered his String Quartet of 1956 as his Opus 1. His musical output is focused around themes of 'solitude, death, love, and landscape'; these themes are already evident in his song cycle Aftonland (Evening Land, 1959), a setting of poems by the Swedish poet Pär Lagerkvist, which brought him national recognition. The 1961 Canzona per orchestra was his international breakthrough. Inspired by Giovanni Gabrieli's canzone, the work showcases Nordheim's historical leanings, as well as his occupation with space as a parameter of music. Nordheim's spatial concerns, coupled with his focus on death and human suffering, are brought together in what is arguably his most famous work, Epitaffio per orchestra e nastro magnetico (1963). Written in memory of the Norwegian flautist Alf Andersen, who died that year at a very young age, the work incorporated Salvatore Quasimodo's poem Ed è sùbito sera. Originally conceived for orchestra and chorus, Nordheim realised that his wish to have the whole performance space 'singing' was better achieved with the use of electronic means. The result is a remarkable, almost imperceptible, blending of the orchestral sounds with the choral sounds of the tape, where the final line 'ed è sùbito sera' ('and suddenly it is evening') is the only part of the text that can be heard.

His later compositions include The Tempest (1979), Klokkesong (1984), Magma (1988), the Violin Concerto (1996) and Fonos for trombone and orchestra (2004). Arne Norheim was inspired by the neumes and the sound of the medieval bells in Kaupanger stave church in composing the work Klokkesong, which was first performed in the church. In The Tempest, a ballet based on Shakespeare's play, electronics and orchestral sounds are again mixed, while the focus is more strongly on vocal music (e.g. the 'double voice' of Caliban), while Nordheim's continued use of historical elements is shown by the incorporation of Leonardo da Vinci's musical rebus, which solved reads Amore sol la mi fa remirare, la sol mi fa sollecita.

1968 saw Arne Nordheim being bestowed with the Nordic Council Music Prize for his Eco for soprano, two choirs and orchestra. The work marks the start of a new development phase, in which Nordheim proved that he could create electrophonic-sounding timbres from conventional instruments.

In 1970 he and sound engineer Eugeniusz Rudnik made the piece Poly-Poly for the Scandinavian pavilion at Expo '70 in Osaka. This sound installation consisted of six tapes of different lengths which are played in a loop, such that the piece will not repeat itself for 102 years. A 21-minute long concert version was released the year after, with the name Lux et Tenebrae.

Draumkvedet is a monumental stage work for orchestra, (acting) chamber choir, soloists and dancers, and was performed 40 times in 1994 with the Broadcasting Corporation Radio Orchestra and Grex Vocalis. A recording featuring these performing forces conducted by Ingar Bergby was made in 2001, and released in 2006 as a two-CD set on the Simax label (Simax PSC 1169). Based on a medieval Norwegian poem (Draumkvedet, The Dream Song), the work was composed in honor of the millennium of the city of Trondheim in 1997.

To commemorate Nordheim's 70th birthday in 2001, a celebratory concert was held, featuring the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra. The Norwegian Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs would also celebrate the composer, and established the Arne Nordheim Composer's Prize which is bestowed on an annual basis to a composer of Norwegian residence.

In later years, Nordheim suffered from dementia, and expired early on Saturday 5 June 2010, following a prolonged bout of illness. The state funeral was held at the Oslo Cathedral on the 16th of June.

Prizes and awards

 * 1975: Member of The Royal Swedish Academy of Music
 * 1981: The Lindeman Prize
 * 1990: The Arts Council Norway Honorary Award
 * 1993: The Henrik Steffens Prize
 * 1997: Anders Jahre Cultural Prize (jointly with Gordon Hølmebakk)
 * 2001: Vestfold Fylkeskommune's Art Prize
 * 2001: Oslo Culture Prize

Astronomical honor
3457 Arnenordheim, a minor planet circling the Sun in the main asteroid belt between the planets Mars and Jupiter was named for the composer after its discovery in 1985.

Cultural references

 * Arne Nordheim's popularity grew enormously when Frank Zappa arrived in Copenhagen in 1973, and told journalists he wanted to meet Arne Nordheim. Later, Zappa performed in Norway with Nordheim as a VIP guest. A lifelong friendship developed between the two, and Nordheim was invited to the US, while Zappa always visited Nordheim when performing in Norway.
 * Norwegian painter Håkon Bleken produced a series of large charcoal drawings inspired by Nordheim's quote that "music lives in the span between poetry and catastrophe".
 * "A Study Dedicated to Arne Nordheim" is the title of a track on Hemmelig Tempo's album Who Put John Cage on the Guestlist? (2010).

Music for stage productions

 * Katharsis (ballet), orchestra and tape (1962)
 * Favola (music drama for TV), 2 singers, 10 dancers, orchestra, and tape (1963)
 * Ariadne (ballet based on cantata Tempora Noctis), (1977)
 * Stormen (ballet), 2 singers, orchestra, tape, (1979)
 * Kong Lear (theatre music), (1985)
 * Antigone (theatre music), (1991)
 * Draumkvedet (music drama), vocal soloists, dancers, choir, orchestra, tape, (1994)

Orchestral works and concertos

 * Canzona, orchestra, (1960)
 * Epitaffio, orchestra and tape, (1963)
 * Eco (text: S. Quasimodo), soprano, children's choir, mixed choir and orchestra, (1968)
 * Floating, orchestra, (1970)
 * Greening, orchestra,(1973)
 * Doria (text: E. Pound), tenor and orchestra, (1975)
 * Nachruf for Strings, (1975)
 * Spur, accordion and orchestra, (1975)
 * Tempora Noctis (text: Ovid), soprano, mezzo-soprano, orchestra and tape, (1979)
 * The Tempest Suite (text: W. Shakespeare), soprano, barython, orchestra and tape, (1979)
 * Tenebrae, cello and orchestra, (1982)
 * Wirklicher Wald (text: R. M. Rilke), soprano, cello, mixed choir and (1983)
 * Boomerang, oboe and chamber orchestra, (1985)
 * Recall and Signals, symphonic wind ensemble, percussion and emulator, (1986)
 * Rendezvous for strings, (1987)
 * Magma, orchestra, (1988)
 * Monolith, orchestra, (1991)
 * Adieu, string orchestra and bell instruments, (1994)
 * Cada Cancion (text: F. Garcia Lorca), children's choir, mixed choir and orchestra, (1994)
 * Non Gridate (text: G. Ungaretti), soprano, mixed choir and orchestra, (1995)
 * Confutatis, soprano, mixed choir and orchestra (1995)
 * Nedstigningen (text: S. Mehren, Job, Catullus, Dante), recitation, soprano, girl's choir, orchestra and electronics, (1996)
 * Violin Concerto, (1996)
 * Nidaros (1997)

Chamber music

 * Essay, string quartet, (1954)
 * Epigram, string quartet, (1955)
 * Strykekvartett, (1956)
 * Aftonland (text: P. Lagerkvist), soprano and chamber ensemble, (1957)
 * Partita, viola, cembalo and percussion, (1963)
 * Response I, 2 percussionists and tape, (1966)
 * Signaler, accordion, el-guitar and percussion, (1967)
 * Response II,  1 percussionists and tape, (1968)
 * Colorazione, Hammond-organ, percussion, electronic delay, ring-modulator filters, (1968/1982)
 * Partita II,  el-guitar, (1969)
 * Dinosauros, accordion and tape, (1971)
 * Listen, piano, (1971)
 * OHM, (1971)
 * The Hunting of the Snark, trombone solo, (1975)
 * To One Singing (text: P. B. Shelley), tenor and harpe, (1975)
 * Be Not Afeard (text: W. Shakespeare), soprano, baryton, chamber ensemble and tape, (1977)
 * Response, organ, 4 percussionists and tape, (1977)
 * Response IV, 4 percussionists and tape, (1977)
 * Clamavi, cello solo, (1980)
 * Partita for Six Double Basses, (1982)
 * Aurora (text: Salme 139, Dante), 4 singers, crotali and tape, (1983)
 * Flashing, accordion solo, (1986)
 * Partita für Paul, violin with electronic delay, (1985)
 * Acantus Firmus,  jazz vocalist, Hardanger Fiddle and tape, (1987)
 * The Return of the Snark, trombone and tape, (1987)
 * Tractatus, solo flute and chamber ensemble, (1987)
 * Tre Voci (text: F. Petrarca, G. Bruno, G. Ungaretti), soprano and chamber ensemble, (1988)
 * Duplex, violin and viola, (1991)
 * Magic Island  (text: W. Shakespeare), soprano, baryton, chamber orchestra and tape, (1992)
 * Suite per violoncello solo, (1996)
 * Three Stanzas, double bass solo, (1998)
 * Strykekvartett, (2001)
 * Solar Plexus (text: G. Johannessen (2002)
 * Partita per carillon, (2002)

Choir

 * Aurora 4 solo voices, mixed choir, 2 percussion groups and tape, (1983)
 * Music to Two Fragments to Music by Shelley (text: P. B. Shelley), female choir, (1985)
 * Tres Lamentationes (Secundum Hieremiam Prophetam), mixed choir, (1985)

Electro-acoustic music and mixed media

 * Ode til lyset, (1968)
 * Solitaire, (1968)
 * Warszawa, (1968)
 * Pace, (1970)
 * Forbindelser for fem byer (1975)
 * Poly-Poly, based on Lux et tenebrae (1970), electro-acoustic music for the Scandinavian pavilion at the Expo 70 in Osaka, Japan, (1979)
 * Nedstigningen, (1996)

Music for film and TV

 * Læraren (TV) (1963)
 * Klimaks (1965)
 * Stoppested (TV) (1966)
 * En dag i Ivan Denisovitsj' liv (1970)
 * Dagny (1977)
 * I solkorsets tegn (TV) (1981)
 * Forfølgelsen (1981)
 * Ja, vi elsker (1983)
 * ''Kong Lear (TV) (1985)
 * Stella Polaris (1993)

Discography – selected releases

 * Epitaffio (2011)
 * Einar Steen-Nøkleberg, Nordheim - Beethoven – Nordheim (2007)
 * Draumkvedet (2006)
 * Dodeka (2003)
 * Listen - the Art of Arne Nordheim (2002)
 * Peter Herresthal, Arne Nordheim - Complete Violin Music (2001)
 * Ketil Hvoslef, Soon-Mi Chung, Stephan Barratt-Due, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Duodu - Duoer for fiolin og Bratsj / Soon-Mi Chung og Stephan Barratt-Due (1994)
 * The Norwegian String Quartet, Terje Tønnesen, Nordheim; Hallgrimsson (1990)
 * The Norwegian String Quartet, Arne Nordheim - Antonio Bibalo - String Quartets (1987)
 * The Tempest: Suite From The Ballet (1980)
 * Musique Électronique Norvégienne with Alfred Janson and Bjørn Fongaard (1968)

title: Arne Nordheim


text:
German AB-Aktion in Poland

The 1940 AB-Aktion (Außerordentliche Befriedungsaktion, Extraordinary Operation of Pacification), a second stage of the Nazi German campaign of violence in Poland during World War II, aimed to eliminate the intellectuals and the upper classes of the Second Polish Republic across the territories slated for eventual annexation by the German Reich.

Most of the killings were arranged in a form of forced disappearances from multiple cities and towns upon the arrival of German forces. In the spring and summer of 1940 the Nazi authorities in German-occupied central Poland (the so-called General Government) arrested more than 30,000 Polish citizens. About 7,000 of them, including community leaders, professors, teachers and priests (labeled as suspected of criminal activities), were subsequently massacred secretly at various locations - including at the Palmiry forest complex near Palmiry. The others were sent to Nazi concentration camps.

History
The mass murder of Polish leaders, politicians, artists, aristocrats, the intelligentsia, and people suspected of potential anti-Nazi activity began in the fall of 1939, and was seen by Nazi Germany as a pre-emptive measure to keep the Polish resistance scattered and to prevent the Poles from revolting during the planned German invasion of France. The anti-Polish AB-Aktion was prepared by Hans Frank, the commander of the General Government. It was also discussed with Soviet officials during a series of secretive Gestapo–NKVD Conferences.

The first killings of Polish intelligentsia took place soon after the German invasion, lasting from autumn 1939 until spring 1940. It was called Operation Intelligenzaktion, a plan to eliminate Poland's intelligentsia and leadership in the western part of the country, realized by Einsatzgruppen and Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz. As the result of this operation 60,000 Polish nobles, teachers, entrepreneurs, social workers, priests, judges and political activists were killed in 10 regional actions. The Intelligenzaktion was continued by the German AB-Aktion Operation in occupied territories of central Poland. Both murder operations were conducted in part according to an "enemies of the Reich list" prepared before the war by members of the German minority in Poland and printed ahead of time by the German Intelligence as the Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen (Special Prosecution Book-Poland).

Prior to AB-Aktion, in late 1939 and early 1940, most Polish university professors, intellectuals, writers, politicians, teachers and other members of the elite of Polish society were briefly arrested by the Gestapo and had their names registered. Frank finally accepted and approved the Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion on 16 May 1940. In the following weeks, the German police, Gestapo, SD (Sicherheitsdienst) and units of the Wehrmacht arrested roughly 30,000 Poles in major Polish cities, including Warsaw, Łódź, Lublin and Kraków. The interned were held in a number of prisons, including the infamous Pawiak where they were subject to brutal interrogations by Nazi officials. After time spent in the prisons of Warsaw, Kraków, Radom, Kielce, Nowy Sącz, Tarnów, Lublin or Wiśnicz, the arrested Poles were transferred to Nazi concentration camps, most notably to the newly created camp of Auschwitz, as well as Sachsenhausen and Mauthausen. Approximately 3,500 members of the Polish intelligentsia were executed at the mass murder sites in Palmiry near Warsaw, Firlej, Wincentynów near Radom, and in the Bliżyn forest near Skarżysko-Kamienna.

Among those killed were Maciej Rataj, Stefan Bryła, Tadeusz Tański, Mieczysław Niedziałkowski, Janusz Kusociński and Stefan Kopec. Actions were started on a similar scale in other Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany. According to many historians, including Norman Davies, the action against Polish leaders was coordinated with the authorities of the Soviet Union, who at the same time perpetrated the mass murder of 22,000 Polish military officers at Katyń and other places.

The active persecution of Polish intellectuals was continued until the end of the war. The direct continuation of the AB Action was a German campaign in the east started after the German invasion of the USSR. Among the most notable mass executions of Polish professors was the massacre of Lwów professors, in which approximately 45 professors of the university in Lwów were murdered together with their families and guests. Among those killed in the massacre were Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński, former Polish prime minister Kazimierz Bartel, Włodzimierz Stożek, and Stanisław Ruziewicz. Thousands more perished in the Ponary massacre, in German concentration camps, and in ghettos.

Aftermath
The total number of victims and the specific dates of executions of members of the Polish intelligentsia can only be approximated due to their multitude. After the war, many Germans responsible for organizing the AB Action were tried before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals. However, the majority of responsible commanders vanished during and after the war, before being held legally accountable for their crimes.

title: German AB-Aktion in Poland