text:
Talk:Jalandhar

untitled
All NRIs belonging to Jalandhar talk here.
 * What an idea???!!!--Bhadani 5 July 2005 02:37 (UTC)

 * Hi, doesn't anyone have any pictures of any landmark they can upload? I have uploaded the two pictures I have...not showing any tandmark though...I dont live in Jalandhar, so I'm not able to take any pictures...was just visitning my Taja-ji :) Dhirad 5 July 2005 02:37 (UTC)

Cantonment?
Can somebody explain what the word "Cantonment" means? Gaius Cornelius 18:48, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Cantoment means a permanent military camp, often used in India also called "cant" in short Dhirad Januar 14 2005 02:19 (UTC)

 * Thanks for clearing that up. I found a wiki link too: Cantonment. About 10 years ago I was in the city of Pune near an area I was told was called Poona Camp, I guess that was an example of a Cantonment. Gaius Cornelius 13:30, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

Photos
Yup, kindly advise on which particular landmarks you would want...I am a hobbyist photographer and would be more than happy to be of service--Today's mighty oak is just yesterday's nut, which held its ground 13:34, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

 * If you can take photos of any/all landmarks in Jalandhar that'd be great. You can upload them to the Wikmedia Commons! Sukh | ਸੁਖ | Talk 11:42, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Some links I would like to suggest,

 * Sangat Durbar Kahan Dhesian

 * Ancient Religious Hindi Court

 * public park-Urban Estate Phase-I, Jalandhar
 * Today's mighty oak is just yesterday's nut, which held its ground 17:14, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Dussehra celebrations--The world salutes the Rising Star...Try to be One 09:30, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I want to see a photo of Devi Talab Kali temple. Would anyone help? VMO 13:30, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Have also added in Article's External Links, I hope jalandharphotos.blogspot.com is worthy enough of mention--Today's mighty oak is just yesterday's nut, which held its ground 15:14, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Hotels
Hi, I am (attempting) to bring order to Jalandhar page by categorizing educational institutions, hotels etc because now it appears that only a few hotels are receiving (free and biased) exposure...Views of senior editors and experts of Punjab are welcome.--Today's mighty oak is just yesterday's nut, which held its ground 03:24, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I've removed all hotels. Hotels should only be included if they are especially notable.  Sukh | ਸੁਖ | Talk 11:42, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Yup, I think that was long overdue.Today's mighty oak is just yesterday's nut, which held its ground 16:59, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Capital Local Area Bank debacle
I believe it is a situation similar to the hotels (discussed above), maybe, trying for free exposure and reputation of Wikipedia.info to be passed onto it.

I am removing it- Senior Editors and Experts of Punjab, kindly see--The world salutes the Rising Star...Try to be One 12:52, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Current Pictures Required?
Those Pictures don't reflect Jalandhar at all whoever uploaded them should delete them and put some pics the various chowks or other city landmarks i.e city centre around Raddison hotel or the T.V. tower etc. fish market is not Jalandhar it looks like any other ally in Punjab.

 * I agree and adding a few photographs shot within the past few months around Jalandhar...kindly evaluate the merit and placement within the text--The world salutes the Rising Star...Try to be One 13:13, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

The picture titled BMC chowk shows a street and some vehicles. Please upload the actual picture of the BMC roundabout. Also there are no pictures of the Cantt. The photo that says lush greenery is actually of a waterlogged street. Please upload some nice pictures. Also the BUS stand looks completely different now, the picture is irrelevant.

 * update- BMC Chowk roundabout has been removed and now in its place is a system to timer traffic signals
 * yes, the Bus Stand image needs to be updated, I'll see if I can arrange one quickly, if other fellow Jalandharis can too, wonderful...
 * --Nothing is free in this world (talk) 17:46, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

 * updated the BMC Chowk photo:) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.162.19.25 (talk) 17:25, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

If the BMC roundabout no more then i think it would be better to upload picture of the follwing:

Old streets i.e Rainak bazzar University New Bus stand Desh Bhagat Yadgar Hall Doordarshan Building Wonderland Haveli on GT RD. Any nice and Posh neighbourhoods...please no more Photos of Urban Estate —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.145.76.44 (talk) 22:21, 11 May 2008 (UTC)
 * would see how I can help in these :)

updated the Bus Stand photo...it is with a mobile camera, would do it with a full camera at the earliest...bus stand is complete and I feel though the image quality is low but it represents the current ground reality much better than the previous one--Nothing is free in this world (talk) 06:57, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

goodness gracious me
perhaps this city's numerous mentions in goodness gracious me should be noted? SleweD 16:07, 19 January 2007 (UTC)
 * if we can link to a reference, then in my opinion it should be mentioned--Nothing is free in this world (talk) 17:47, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Punjabi only plz
Why is Hindi name listed in the top paragraph? The official language of Punjab state is Punjabi only. 202.54.176.51 (talk) 11:42, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

But it's also India's official language and in Canada where I live Quebec a majority French speaking population we have the names spelled both in French and English (only in Quebec) RebaFan1996 (talk) 17:08, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Copyvio
It seems that large amounts of text in this article are taken verbatim from other websites. I've begun removing copyvio information but the more I look, the more I find. I'd hate to flag the whole article for speedy deletion but I'm not sure how much work I'm willing to do at this point and how much of the article will actually be left afterward. I'm going to consult some admins to see what I should do. Ol Yeller '''Talktome 22:04, 23 March 2009 (UTC)
 * So far, here's the sites where I'm finding text taken from verbatim.

 *
 *
 *
 *
 * indianetzone dot com (blacklisted website so I can't provide the link)
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *

Now that I've found that almost the entire article was a copyvio, I'm not really sure what to do. I've posted on the Wikiproject India that this page needs help. I haven't touched any of the pictures. They're great. Ol Yeller '''Talktome 23:19, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Links #2-8 are mirrors; they all provide exact copies of the Wikipedia text. Link #1 may or may not be contain Wikipedia text, so I haven't restored the content which is a duplicate of that website. Links #9-10 are not mirrors, so this Wikipedia article should not contain text from them. I've restored the vast majority of the content in the article because most of the links above are mirrors of Wikipedia but defer to your judgment as to whether or not any of the stuff I've restored are copyvios of the three non-mirror links I've mentioned above. Best, Cunard (talk) 02:33, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

 * There were small artifacts of material left from, which predates our article (according to archives) and which is not licensed compatibly. These have been revised. I'm running the rest of the article through an online plagiarism checker, but, like Cunard, am mostly seeing Wiki mirrors. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 18:02, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Sounds good. Thanks for helping us out Moon.  Ol Yeller  '''Talktome 18:06, 1 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for noting the problem. :) I've just cleaned text from . --Moonriddengirl (talk) 18:11, 1 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Okay. More from, (this material was not added to our article until 2009), . . --Moonriddengirl (talk) 18:24, 1 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I suspect that the "District Administration" information is also pasted, but I have not found a definitive source, so I have left it alone. Otherwise, this is all I've been able to find that I do not have reason to believe was copied from Wikipedia. Some people are under the mistaken impression that the National Informatics Centre is free for use. However, license is incompatible with Wikipedia, as it requires that the government be notified and that the material be reproduced accurately (not modified). (See for instance.) I'll add cclean below in the hopes of helping to prevent reintroduction of infringement. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 18:46, 1 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for cleaning up the copyvio. As always, you do a nice job. Cunard (talk) 22:08, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
One or more portions of this article duplicated other source(s). Infringing material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a license compatible with GFDL. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 18:46, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

The entire article seems to have been subtly vandalised
I mean We really need to look into the previous edits and rid the article of the weeds.... :) --Nothing is free in this world (talk) 15:40, 30 April 2009 (UTC)
 * UK cities are listed as sister cities,
 * one of the educational institution has its description in ALL CAPS,
 * someone has removed the Jalandhar Cantt section

Language
I don't really think we need the language section since punjabi is the official language of punjab and hindi is the official language of Inda so is english which means we really don't need a language section because cities with other non-official languages that are important or widely spoken.RebaFan1996 (talk) 01:27, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

Gaurav Walia
Gaurav Walia Jalandhar City Marine Engineer Member NASA, High IQ Society Working with Stena Shipping

6 A.M. Jullandar Shere
My favorite rock album of all time is, believe it or not, Woman's Gotta Have It by Cornershop. Its fantastic opening song is called "6 A.M. Jullandar Shere" (and the last song is called "7:20 A.M. Jullandar Shere", a reprise of the first one).

I love listening to that song, and the rest of the album, but i never really understood its title. Now maybe i finally found - could it be that the "Jullandar" is a different spelling of the name of this city of Jalandhar? And what is "Shere"?

I am not just curios about the song - if "Jullandar" is a possible spelling for this city, then it should be mentioned somewhere. --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 10:18, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, Jullundar is a possible misspelling of Jalandhar, and "Shere" is a possible respelling of the Hindi/Urdu/Persian word usually spelled "Sher", meaning "lion". A "Jalandhar Sher" may be a lion from Jalandhar, literal or metaphorical. As for the spelling: since even before you asked the question, the article has carried, in the lead paragraph, the words "and it was also known as Jullundur in British times". This is already too much… if all possible English manglings of every Indian word were included in articles, they would look quite ridiculous ("Jalandar, Jalandhar, Jullandar, Jullundur, Jullundhar, Jullandhar, Jullundher, Jullunder,…" ad infinitum). The article on Hinduism doesn't mention "Hindoo" anywhere, nor does our article on Gandhi mention the spelling "Ghandi". And so on. Shreevatsa (talk) 10:48, 11 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks a lot! --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 11:50, 11 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Shere most likely refers to Sher_(poem) since these are songs. --RegentsPark (talk) 19:45, 13 January 2011 (UTC)
 * it's been years but shere more likely refers to "shehr," as in "city." thus, '6 am in jalandhar city' Potatohead2000 (talk) 10:12, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

Economy Section
The economy section can contain the relevant info rather than the list of hospitals in the city. Add if you have any info. Gaurav Pruthi 09:50, 20 June 2012 (UTC)

Clean up
Please note that this article is an encyclopaedia entry not a tourist advertisement. It is not not a directory and therefore should not have long lists of schools and hospital addresses. Nor should it have lists of spam promoting local bakers, McDonalds or KFC. Information needs to be sourced with reliable references and valid tags should not be removed until the problems have been resolved. An editor cannot just add a 'good article' icon on a page because they feel like it. The article must be thoroughly reviewed before the status is awarded. Images are set at a default image size designed so that all browsers can read the articles. If you set all the images at 350px many viewers will not be able to clearly read the work on their screen. In short, there are a set of guidelines that we follow when editing. The article is still a mess. Please help to improve the article by adding solid sources and respecting the guidelines. Thank you Span (talk) 12:07, 25 August 2012 (UTC)

List of hospitals in Jalandhar.

I agree with Span. Please see our rules. My very best wishes (talk) 15:51, 6 October 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Jalandhar. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141014151317/http://www.mcjalandhar.in/mayor-message.html to http://www.mcjalandhar.in/mayor-message.html/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:25, 20 November 2017 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: https://www.mapsofindia.com/jalandhar/history.html and http://nripunjab.gov.in/jalandhar-tourehistory.htm. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, providing it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 13:12, 25 November 2019 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 22 November 2022
PLEASE ADD IVY WORLD SCHOOL, RAMA MANDI ON THE SCHOOL LIST 117.241.164.144 (talk) 00:36, 22 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Also, Ivy World School does not seem to exist at the moment, likely will need to WP:WTAF Cannolis (talk) 01:23, 22 November 2022 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 1 December 2022
2600:100E:B014:5F02:D0CE:E16:FE4A:ECD2 (talk) 11:49, 1 December 2022 (UTC) Police DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Cannolis (talk) 18:55, 1 December 2022 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 27 February 2023
In the history section it is stated that Jalandhar was conquered by the Ghaznavids between 1058 and 1080 ce. This is incorrect information, as stated in the source it was c. 1070 ce that the battle outside jalandhar ensued and the battles outcome is not known which neither indicates defeat or victory hence 'conquered' should be removed and the rest reworded. It also states in the source that jalandhar is not mentioned in Ghaznavid annals hence defeat can not be guaranteed which should also be added. Trigarta (talk) 01:40, 27 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting question.svg Question: Can you please more specific about the source you're referring to? It would also help if you could provide the page numbers or quotes from it. M.Bitton (talk) 02:27, 27 February 2023 (UTC)

Page 122-123 of the source that is already provided in the text. 'History of the Panjab hill states' by J.ph vogel Trigarta (talk) 18:20, 27 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I will leave a direct link to an accessible source for others to verify. M.Bitton (talk) 18:51, 2 March 2023 (UTC)
 * The source in question states: "it seems not improbable that the reference given points to the fall of Jalandhar before the Muhammadan arms, and the loss by the Bajas of Trigarta of their possessions on the plains which may have taken place about a.d. 1070". I have edited the article to more accurately reflect the unclear nature of the event. However, the source does seem to indicate that a successful conquest is a strong possibility. Actualcpscm (talk) 14:20, 12 March 2023 (UTC)

HDI
HDI figure appears unsourced? Closest figure I can find is the 2004 UNDP report where HDI figures for district of Jalandhar (not just the city) were calculated. The number was something .718, not .4whatever. Potatohead2000 (talk) 10:18, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jalandhar


text:
Talk:Theodore Shackley

Initial Comments
I think the most important book of Shackley is "The third option", probably used currently as a guide for the ethernal war of the empire against the world.

No peace and no war but a continuous state of alarm could be very useful to keep the power.

Truman Burbank from it.wikipedia (Italy)

Large edit
Have added extensively to the biography. I will do more work on the sourcing of material next time. I'm very tired now!

Truman, I have added your book reference to a "further reading" section, I hope you don't mind?

Paul. Paulzon

Seems OK. Only a mistake appears to me: "Kissenger" should be "Kissinger". --Truman Burbank 21:18, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

I know. It must have been the cut 'n' paste monster! ... the incorrect one is fixed now. There are still some gaps to be filled in, which I will do when I have the time!-) Paulzon

TDC's removal of valid info
I agree with some of TDC's edits but he is known for steamrolling many edits and only posting edit summaries about the least objectionable ones. In this case the supposedly unverified quotes are easily verified with google -- for example, the kissinger/shackley exchange was published in many books -- http://books.google.com/books?q=%22I+don%27t+see+why+we+need+to+stand+by+and+watch+a+country+go&btnG=Search+Books

Also while I think it is ok to delete sources that are questionable, deleting sources such as Richard Allen's notes is just a crude way of trying to shift the POV here by eliminating valid and relevant information.--csloat 19:13, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Bravo and hooray on the Kissenger quote, but this article is not about Kissenger, its about Ted Shackley, and I cannot find one source for his quote . After digging through Osborne's service records with a FOIA, Burkett discovered that he was a fraud. And I asked you several times before, stop stalking me from article to article. Torturous Devastating Cudgel 00:25, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Look TDC--you are the one stalking me; I am not busying myself looking up your IP address, trying to figure out where you live, and then using that information to intimidate you. The fact is I looked at your user contributions to see if you were engaged in the same kind of heavy-handed drive-by massive POV edits and censorship on other pages that you were engaged in on Plame affair and Salman Pak; I saw that indeed you were, and I intervened where I had information.  Calling me a "stalker" is just a personal attack designed to intimidate.--csloat 06:07, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I looked at your user contributions to see if you were engaged in the same kind of heavy-handed drive-by massive POV edits and censorship on other pages that you were engaged in .... Thats called staking chief and is completely inapropriate. I know for a fact I am not the only one you do this to, and it best end here. Torturous Devastating Cudgel 13:38, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Look, TDC, you are not going to intimidate me away from editing pages that you have edited by these personal attacks. There is nothing that says I can only edit pages you haven't touched.  I could just as easily make the same complaint about you and Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda, or, more appropriately, about you going out of your way to learn my name and home address in order to intimidate me.  If I were really stalking you, I'd be editing articles about Aldo Moro and the Sandinistas too; you are probably spreading disinformation there too.  Threaten me all you want TDC; I will not stop correcting misinformation on wikipedia just because you had something to do with it.--csloat 15:26, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

Updates
Dear TDC, I am interested in your statement:

... After digging through Osborne's service records with a FOIA, Burkett discovered that he was a fraud. ... Torturous Devastating Cudgel 00:25, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

I was in Vietnam with Ken for 10 months, working out of a safehouse in Da Nang. I am trying to find the Burkett information. God knows what stories Ken "Olson" may have cooked up since his departure from Army Intelligence in 1968. Anyway, I am certainly curious to know what the "fraud" business is all about. Thanks, Dave "Misterfixit" Mann, CWO4 USA (Ret) (misterfixit at loveable.com)

A gigantic fabrication
(a comment removed from the main page)Truman Burbank 15:06, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

This entire section alleging many different activities of Ted Shackley is a gigantic fabrication especially as regards the "Secret Team". And Shackley had no role at all in the so-called Iran-Contra Affair. Signed Richard Secord, MajGen, USAF (Ret)

 * Richard Secord or not, the point is accurate. First, the "Secret Team" stuff was the blather of Daniel Sheehan and his Christic Institute. There is much to be said about that lawsuit, but very little of it is relevant to Shackley. I have updated the article accordingly. Second, I have updated his thread-like link to the Iran–Contra affair to remove the conspiracy theories and reflect with the Tower Commission stated. I have also included his repudiation of the allegations that he was involved in the arms for hostages deal. - Location (talk) 04:33, 28 October 2015 (UTC)

POVers
Mmm, looks like this article has been vandalised by several people with obvious agendas and little or no citations for the new material, also several original sources have been removed (hence the lack of citation warning at the top of the main article). I propose removing some of the unsourced POV material, reinstating some of the original sources and reinstating some of the well referenced material that has been removed for no reason.

Does anyone have any objections?

Paulzon 15:19, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I concur. It may also be necessary to make this a protected page so only established users can make edits to it.--Kumioko (talk) 00:33, 5 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the feedback Kumioko. As you can probably see, I have hung back for a LONG time as I have been waiting for some kind of response one way or the other. Paulzon (talk) 20:00, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

PBFORTUNE / PBSUCCESS
I'm not a watcher of this article, but noticed that PBFORTUNE / PBSUCCESS is quoted here, apparently in the context of Chile in the 1960s. If we look at Operation PBSUCCESS, we can see that it was about Guatemala in 1951-1954. Can someone with better sources than mine please sort this out? PeterWD (talk) 23:04, 11 November 2010 (UTC)

Shackley and Wilson
The article originally had the following sentence:
 * Reportedly, he was forced out of the CIA by Turner who disapproved of Shackley’s close involvement with former agent Edwin P. Wilson (who had become an arms dealer) and an ex-CIA employee, Frank Terpil (who in 1981 defected to Libya and later to Cuba).

There is no source for Shackley having a close relationship with Frank Terpil, so I have deleted this part. The phrase "reportedly" may be a reference to an article by Michael Ledeen on Shackley's resignation from CIA. David Corn's book on Shackley has a detailed discussion of Shackley's decision to leave. To say that Shackley was forced out strongly implies that if he had not resigned he would have been fired. This is not the case, according to Corn. I will take a look at the Ledeen article to see if it justifies the statement in the article.

The discussion in the article has virtually nothing to do with Shackley's term as DDO; it is a summary of Shackley's involvement with Wilson, based largely on a page from a book by Jonathan Marshall and Peter Dale Scott. For all of the information, Scott cites Peter Maas's book on Wilson, Manhunt. According to Maas, Michael Ledeen had told federal prosecutor Lawrence Barcella, head of the federal investigation of Wilson, that Wilson's company, EATSCO should not be investigated for auditing fraud because it might have part of a covert operation. Scott, and the article, both diverge from Maas in claiming that Ledeen's action was in defense of Shackley; Maas says it was in defense of another man, Erich Von Marbod. Since Scott has not accurately cited Maas, I have deleted this claim as well. Rgr09 (talk) 00:51, 27 June 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Theodore Shackley


text:
SKY PerfecTV!

SKY PerfecTV! (スカパー！) is a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) service that provides satellite television, audio programming and interactive television services to households in Japan, owned by parent company SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation.

SKY PerfecTV! is also a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) service. While SKY PerfecTV! Premium Service use DVB-S and DVB-S2, SKY PerfecTV! Basic Service use ISDB-S.

title: SKY PerfecTV!


text:
User talk:Wlad k

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * If you made IP edits before creating a user account, you can attribute your IP edits to your account at Changing attribution for an edit.

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop a note at New user log.

-- Utcursch | Talk to me

I noticed you started adding new information about WWII historical states in Mongolia and China. Please follow the general pattern of articles about states, and general rules about editing in wikipedia. Please take Russia as an example. Any other major country article will do. Mikkalai 18:25, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wlad k


text:
User talk:AlexKiddHelicopter

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * If you made IP edits before creating a user account, you can attribute your IP edits to your account at Changing attribution for an edit.

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop a note at New user log.

-- Utcursch | Talk to me

title: User talk:AlexKiddHelicopter


text:
High Command Trial

The High Command Trial (officially, The United States of America vs. Wilhelm von Leeb, et al.), also known initially as Case No. 12 (the 13 Generals' Trial), and later as Case No. 72 (the German high command trial: Trial of Wilhelm von Leeb and thirteen others), was the last of the twelve trials for war crimes the U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone of Germany in Nuremberg after the end of World War II. These twelve trials were all held before U.S. military courts, not before the International Military Tribunal, but took place in the same rooms at the Palace of Justice. The twelve U.S. trials are collectively known as the "subsequent Nuremberg trials" or, more formally, as the "Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals" (NMT).

Background
The accused in this trial were high-ranking generals of the German Wehrmacht (including two field marshals of the Army, one field marshal of the air force and one general admiral), some of whom had been members of the High Command of Nazi Germany's military forces. They were charged with having participated in or planned or facilitated the execution of the numerous war crimes and atrocities committed in countries occupied by the German forces during the war.

The judges in this case, heard before Military Tribunal V-A, were the American John C. Young (presiding judge), Winfield B. Hale, and Justin W. Harding. The Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was Telford Taylor. The indictment was filed on November 28, 1947; the trial lasted from December 30 that year until October 28, 1948.

Indictment
The accused faced four charges of having committed war crimes and crimes against humanity:
 * 1) Crimes against peace by waging aggressive war against other nations and violating international treaties.
 * 2) War crimes by being responsible for murder, ill-treatment and other crimes against prisoners of war and enemy belligerents.
 * 3) Crimes against humanity by participating or ordering the murder, torture, deportation, hostage-taking, etc. of civilians.
 * 4) Participating and organizing the formulations and execution of a common plan and conspiracy to commit aforementioned crimes.

All defendants were indicted on all counts and pleaded "not guilty". Count 4 of the indictment, the conspiracy charge, was soon dropped by the tribunal because it was already covered by the other charges. On count 1, the tribunal considered all of the accused not guilty and stated that they were not the policy-makers and that preparing for war and fighting a war 'on orders' was not a criminal offense under the applicable international law of the time.

Defendants and judgements
Of the 14 defendants indicted, Otto Schniewind and Hugo Sperrle were acquitted on all counts. Johannes Blaskowitz committed suicide during the trial and the 11 remaining defendants received prison sentences ranging from three years to lifetime imprisonment. All sentences included time already served in custody since 7 April 1945. The table below shows, with respect to each charge, whether the accused were either indicted but not convicted (I) or indicted and found guilty (G) and is listed by defendant, charge and outcome.

Aftermath
The German public opinion was against the trial. Many denied the facts found by the U.S. judges, extolled the defense of obedience to superior orders and praised the soldierly qualities of the defendants. Particularly active were the Protestant and Catholic Churches.

After the emergence of the Federal Republic, German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and the Bundestag weighed in on the side of the defendants. German leverage increased as the urgency of rearming Germany grew. Under these intense pressures, in 1950, U.S. High Commissioner John McCloy established a review panel chaired by Judge David Peck of New York and, on its recommendation, reduced the sentences of three of the six High Command defendants who were still in prison. After further proceedings by mixed commissions composed of Allied and German members, the last of the High Command defendants returned home in 1954.

title: High Command Trial


text:
Talk:High Command Trial

Directory source and news report
Information on the judges comes from the Directory of the personnel of the Nuremberg Military Tribunals in January 1948 and from a news report on Winfield B. Hale. Lupo 13:38, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

"High Command"
In this article I read:

"The accused in this trial were all high-ranking generals of the German Wehrmacht (one was a former Admiral) and former members of the High Command of Nazi Germany's military forces"

No. Sorry. This is not true. Most of the defendants were not members of the OKW. Therefor the "Name" of this trial "High Command Trial" (OKW-Prozess) is misleading. Everyone should know this, even in Wikipedia. --13Peewit (talk) 10:22, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Yes. Sorry. This is true, but badly written. It wasn't meant to say that they all were OKW members. It should probably say "all were high-ranking generals..., and some were also former members...". I'll rephrase accordingly. As for the name being misleading: that's beyond our responsibility; it seems to be the name by which this trial is commonly referred to. Lupo 10:53, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on High Command Trial. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120401143013/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/warcrimgenrls.htm to http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/warcrimgenrls.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:13, 2 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on High Command Trial. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050221092933/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/ghctrial1.htm to http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/ghctrial1.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050221092933/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/ghctrial1.htm to http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/ghctrial1.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:58, 3 November 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:36, 8 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Hollidt Karl.jpg

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:07, 12 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Karl-Adolf Hollidt..jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:22, 2 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Telford Taylor at Nuremberg 2 portrait.JPG

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 22:08, 2 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Telford Taylor at Nuremberg 2 portrait.JPG

title: Talk:High Command Trial


text:
User talk:Irishrichy

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * If you made IP edits before creating a user account, you can attribute your IP edits to your account at Changing attribution for an edit.

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop a note at New user log.

-- Utcursch | Talk to me

Irish topics
Hi, I noticed your edits to Slane. If you are interested in Irish topics, you may wish to visit the Irish Wikipedians' notice board, there are a group of us who use it to collaborate or ask for comments from other Irish Wikipedians.

Welcome to Wikipedia, Fáilte!

zoney ♣ talk 19:54, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Article Improvement Drive
Wackymacs 07:11, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Tendercrisp
Do you remember how much they cost in Britain? Youngamerican 20:05, 2 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Also, I answered your question on Talk:Tendercrisp. Youngamerican 20:06, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Reality_on_the_norm_splash.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Reality_on_the_norm_splash.gif. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator.

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you have questions about copyright tagging of images, post on Wikipedia talk:Image copyright tags or User talk:Carnildo/images. 03:07, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

David Bomberg House
Please explain how this dormitory asserts significance of an encyclopedia article. How is it different from any other dormitory of any other college. The usual policy on such articles is Procedural Deletion, but since this article is a stub (with possibility of expansion), I wanted to be sure about it. Ambuj Saxena (talk) 10:41, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Homer Simpson wins!
Joyous | Talk 18:38, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Sam Suede
Thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. This game cannot yet be notable as it won't be released for at least eight months. The article can be recreated when the game has achieved notablility.  (aeropagitica)   (talk)   09:12, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

Article for deletion
I've added the "prod" template to the article This Is The Tomb of Juice, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also What Wikipedia is not and Importance). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree, discuss the issues raised at Talk:This Is The Tomb of Juice. If you remove the dated prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Aguerriero ( talk ) 03:13, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Blackvelvets.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Blackvelvets.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self-no-disclaimers tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 21:40, 13 March 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sherool (talk) 21:40, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Republicofloose.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Republicofloose.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 07:52, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

FAT (architects)
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article FAT (architects), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add db-author to the top of the page. B. Wolterding 18:04, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Irishrichy! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 06:36, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Chaka Demus -

Proposed deletion of The Black Velvets

The article The Black Velvets has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * This article is so poorly sourced that even after following internal links and looking up on Google, I can only conclude that it's an elaborate hoax. Their cited record label is based in the USA, and there is no link to any releases there, another record label (Vertigo) is also unlikely, their links to a video game soundtrack are also unsupported there are claims to have supported The Who which are also unlikely and uncited, since The Who haven't performed live in many years. All in all, it should go unless and until it stands up to WP:BAND using reliable sources.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Rodhull andemu  23:09, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of The Black Velvets

The article The Black Velvets has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Fails WP:BAND; the only source is their own page. The claims to have toured and supported major bands is unsourced; the claim to have been signed to a major record label is unsupported by the label's own article and website.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Rodhull andemu  15:17, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

Nomination of David Bomberg House for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article David Bomberg House is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/David Bomberg House until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Mtking (talk) 01:29, 18 March 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Discontinuation for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Discontinuation is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Discontinuation until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.  — Mr. Guye (talk) (contribs)  18:50, 23 June 2018 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Willis Building Under Construction.JPG
Thank you for uploading File:Willis Building Under Construction.JPG. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.

If the necessary information is not added within the next seven days, the image will be deleted. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem.

Please refer to the image use policy to learn what images you can or cannot upload on Wikipedia. Please also check any other files you have uploaded to make sure they are correctly tagged. Here is a [ list of your uploads]. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. --TheImaCow (talk) 19:07, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Irishrichy


text: Category:536 births

title: Category:536 births


text:
Astrid Park

Astrid Park (Parc Astrid; Astridpark) is an urban public park in the municipality of Anderlecht in Brussels, Belgium. The park was inaugurated on 13 August 1911 and was named the Parc du Meir/Meirpark ("Meir Park") until 1935, when the mayor of Anderlecht decided to change its name in memory of Queen Astrid, the first wife of King Leopold III, who died in a car crash that year.

Since 1917, football club R.S.C. Anderlecht plays its home matches in the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium (currently known as Lotto Park for sponsorship reasons), located within the park. Hence, the stadium is sometimes metonymically referred to as Parc Astrid.

This park is served by the metro stations Saint Guidon/Sint Guido and Veeweyde/Veeweide on line 5.

title: Astrid Park


text:
Talk:List of cities in Sardinia

Untitled
This should eventually be superseded by per-province categories a la the Italian WP; it's quite incomplete as it stands. Stan 13:42, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of cities in Sardinia


text:
Salcey Forest

Salcey Forest is a fragment of a former medieval hunting forest east of the village of Hartwell, between Northampton and Newport Pagnell in Northamptonshire. It is managed by Forestry England and to promote biodiversity, and is also commercially exploited for timber products. The eastern third of the forest, an area of 159.6 hectares, is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).

Description
In 2005, a tree-top forest walk was constructed which has attracted many visitors and rises through the forest to a height of about 15 metres (49 ft), at a gradient not exceeding 1 in 12. At the end, a raised viewing platform sits above it at 18 metres (59 ft) from the ground, which is accessed by stairs. Northampton town can be seen from the top of the final tower. The project was placed first in the Environmental category of the British Construction Industry Awards 2006. There is a similar but longer raised walkway at Kew Gardens. In May 2018 the raised walkway was closed to the public following health and safety concerns.

There are public footpaths through the forest and a range of wildlife can be observed. The forest is a remnant of the medieval royal hunting forest. Reminders of the past can still be found, with several miles of ancient woodland, building remains and ancient trees. The 'druids' or veteran oaks in Salcey are rare and distinct wildlife habitats, and some of the veteran oaks are believed to be over 500 years old. The forest has a café in one of the main parking areas – which is pay and display, next to the children's play area – most of the remaining parking areas in the forest are free. It is an official Bookcrossingzone and has two bookshelves where books can be left or taken for free. The cafe closes at 16.00 hours in the winter, and the park itself at 17.00 hours.

During the Second World War, elephants from circuses were put to use to fell trees. There is a pond named 'The Elephant Pond' where the elephants could bathe at the end of the day. The forest was served by its own railway station on the Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway until 1908.

Since October 2019, Salcey Forest has hosted a parkrun, a free, weekly timed 5 km walk/run every Saturday morning at 9am.

Ecology
This is the largest ancient wood in the county and the SSSI has most of the mature oak trees. The diverse ground flora includes bluebells, false brome, pendulous sedge and enchanter's nightshade. There are many breeding birds and nationally notable moth species.

Access
There is access by a track from Hartwell.

title: Salcey Forest


text:
User talk:Thrik

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * If you made IP edits before creating a user account, you can attribute your IP edits to your account at Changing attribution for an edit.

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop a note at New user log.

-- Utcursch | Talk to me

title: User talk:Thrik


text:
User talk:Peligroso

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * If you made IP edits before creating a user account, you can attribute your IP edits to your account at Changing attribution for an edit.

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop a note at New user log.

-- Utcursch | Talk to me

Ride the Lightning (song)
A template has been added to the article Ride the Lightning (song), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with db-author. BigHaz - Schreit mich an 03:16, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Ride the Lightning (song)
Ride the Lightning (song), an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Ride the Lightning (song) satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Ride the Lightning (song) and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Ride the Lightning (song) during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. BigHaz - Schreit mich an 10:33, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Peligroso


text:
User talk:Nicky123

NICKY IS THE COOLEST AND SO IS ERITREA

title: User talk:Nicky123


text:
User talk:Lohit

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * If you made IP edits before creating a user account, you can attribute your IP edits to your account at Changing attribution for an edit.

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop a note at New user log.

-- Utcursch | Talk to me

title: User talk:Lohit


text:
Thomas Holme

Thomas Holme (1624–1695) was the first surveyor general of the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania. He laid out the first and original plan for the city of Philadelphia. Holme was a member of the Valiant Sixty, a group of early leaders and activists in the Religious Society of Friends, known as the Quakers.

Early life
Holme was born in Lancashire, England, on November 3, 1624, to a yeoman, George Holme, and his wife Alice (née Whiteside). He married Sarah Croft in 1649.

Career
Soon after his marriage, Holme enlisted in the British Army, which was then under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell, where he attained the rank of captain. It may have been in the army that he gained some experience in surveying.

He was reportedly converted to the Quaker movement by George Fox, founder of the sect. There, he met fellow Quaker William Penn, founder of colonial-era Pennsylvania. In 1682, Penn wrote to Holme from the colony asking him to come be his surveyor, since his original surveyor, Captain William Crispin, had recently become ill and died on the voyage to America. Shortly thereafter, Holme, a widower, sailed with four of his children to America, where he arrived in August 1682.

Holme designed the plan of the city of Philadelphia and produced the first detailed map of Pennsylvania, titled A Mapp of Ye Improved Part of Pensilvania in America, Divided Into Countyes, Townships and Lotts...., published circa 1687. Once Penn arrived in present-day Pennsylvania, he appointed Holme one of his councilors. Holme also served as a justice of the peace and commissioner of property.

Holme held the office of Surveyor-General until his death at age 71 in the spring of 1695, in Dublin Township, Pennsylvania in the present-day Holmesburg section of Philadelphia.

After retiring, he was granted more than 4,000 acres (16 km²) in County Wexford, Ireland, which was then under the control and colonization of England.

In 1863, a memorial was erected at his burial site, in the form of a six-foot-tall marble obelisk, near where his home is believed to have been located, which is now part of Pennypack Park.

Legacy
Philadelphia's Holme Avenue, Holme Circle, Thomas Holme Elementary School, and Holmesburg, a Philadelphia neighborhood, are all named in his honor.

title: Thomas Holme


text:
Saane/Sarine

The Sarine (Sarena ) or Saane is a major river of Switzerland. It is 128 km long and has a drainage area of 1892 km2. It is a tributary of the Aare.

The Sarine rises in the Bernese Alps, near Sanetschhorn, in the Canton of Valais. It forms the Lac de Sénin (French; Sanetschsee) reservoir at 2034 m, and then enters the Canton of Bern, traversing the Sanetsch falls between 1900 and 1400 m. It then forms the westernmost valley of the Bernese Oberland, flowing past Gsteig, Gstaad and Saanen in the Obersimmental-Saanen district. Downstream of Saanen, at 982 m, it enters the Canton of Vaud, passing Rougemont, Château-d'Œx and Rossinière, forming the Lac du Vernex at 859 m. At 833, it traverses the Creux de l'Enfer and enters the Canton of Fribourg, forming Lac de Montbovon at 777 m. From this point, it more or less follows the linguistic boundary between French- and German-speaking Switzerland across the bilingual canton of Fribourg (and is often identified as the geographic representation of the Röstigraben division of Switzerland). Passing Villars-sous-Mont, Enney, Gruyères and Broc, it reaches Lac de la Gruyère at 677 m. It then continues in serpentines towards Fribourg itself; the historical city was built in 1157 on a peninsula of the River Sarine, protected on three sides by steep cliffs. Downstream of Fribourg, it widens into the Schiffenensee reservoir at 532 m (built 1963), and is then taken to Laupen in a channel, where it is joined by the Sense. Flowing north for another 6 km, it finally joins the Aar just downstream of Wohlensee, at 461 m, some 15 km west of Bern.

title: Saane/Sarine


text:
User talk:Rockfrosch

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * If you made IP edits before creating a user account, you can attribute your IP edits to your account at Changing attribution for an edit.

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop a note at New user log.

-- Utcursch | Talk to me

title: User talk:Rockfrosch


text:
Christina of Markyate

Christina of Markyate was born with the name Theodora in Huntingdon, England, about 1096–1098 and died about 1155. She was an anchoress, who came from a wealthy English family trying to accommodate with the Normans at that time. She later became the prioress of a community of nuns.

Early life
Originally named Theodora, she was born into a wealthy merchant family. Her mother's name was Beatrix, marking an effort to appear more Norman, and her father's was Auti. Her mother told a story of "knowing" her daughter would be holy because a dove had flown into her sleeve and lived there for seven days while she was pregnant.

As a child, Theodora is said to have talked to Christ "as if he were a man whom she could see." She befriended an older man named Sueno, who became her first religious mentor. Her hagiography states that Sueno had once led an unholy life and that Christina's faith renewed his, so that they helped each other. Theodora visited St Alban's Abbey in Hertfordshire with her parents in her youth and the visit apparently instilled in her the deep faith that prompted her to make a private vow of chastity. She told Sueno of this, but no one else.

Marriage
While visiting an aunt, Elfgifu, Theodora met Bishop Ranulf Flambard. Her aunt was the bishop's concubine and Ranulf lusted after young Theodora, seeking to make her another one of his concubines. According to one account, when Ranulf attempted to force his attentions on her, Theodora suggested that she lock the door to guarantee their privacy. When he agreed, she proceeded to do so, from the outside, trapping him within. Rebuffed, he then exacted revenge by brokering a marriage for her with a young nobleman named Beorhtred. A burlesque-tinged tale of the nocturnal seduction of Flambard's niece and her resulting forced marriage is also found in the margins of the Council of Westminster in September 1125.

Theodora's parents readily agreed, but Theodora did not, in view of her vow. Her angry parents arranged for Beorhtred to have access to her room, only to discover next morning that the two had spent the night discussing religious subjects. On one occasion Theodora recounted the life of St Cecilia, who according to legend, was guarded on her wedding night by a vengeful angel. On another occasion, she hid behind a tapestry while Beorhtred searched for her in vain. As word went round of Theodora's plight, a hermit name Eadwine, with the blessing of the Archbishop of Canterbury, helped her to escape disguised in men's clothes. Eadwine then took her to stay with an anchoress at Flamstead named Alfwen, who hid her from her family. There Theodora changed her name to Christina.

Anchoress
Christina next found shelter with Roger, a hermit and sub-deacon of St Alban's Abbey, whose cell was at Markyate. This Roger, who died before 1118 and whose death anniversary (12 September) is recorded in the St Albans Psalter, is likely to have been Roger d'Aubigny, a brother of abbot Richard d'Aubigny(1087–1119) and father of William d'Aubigny (Pincerna). Christina spent her time there in prayer, sewing to support herself. She was a skilled needlewoman, who later embroidered three mitres of superb workmanship for Pope Adrian IV. After two years, Beorhtard released Christina from her marriage contract, and Archbishop Thurstan of York formally annulled the marriage in 1122. Thereafter, Christina was able to come out of hiding and move into a small hut.

Prioress
When Roger died, Christina took over the hermitage near St Alban's Abbey, where she reportedly experienced frequent visions of Jesus, Mary, and St Margaret. Other women, including her sister Margaret, joined her there. Christina took her vows at St Albans in 1131. Markyate Priory was established in 1145.

Geoffrey de Gorham became abbot of St Albans in 1119, and Christina as prioress became his close friend and counsellor. Their friendship was such that he is said to have altered the St Albans Psalter as a gift for her, by having an illuminated "C" placed at the beginning of Psalm 105. Images of each page of the Psalter with transcriptions and translations of the text can be found on the online St Albans Psalter project. Medieval scholar Katie Ann-Marie Bugyis argues that both the image and text in the Psalter supported attempts by members of the St Albans community to "refashion Christina into a new Magdalene" in order to legitimize her authority there and her spiritual direction of the monks who resided there, especially their abbot Bugyis goes on to state that the illumination "may open a rich tradition of religious women bearing Christ's good news through reading, copying, and proclaiming the gospels".

Hagiography
Christina's Latin Vita was apparently written by a monk of St Alban's Abbey. This hagiography is considered to be one of the most realistic known. Christina is shown as having power as Prioress of Markyate. She is also one of very few shown to have sexual desire, even though she overcomes it.

Christina's sister, Margaret of Markyate, who the Vita describes as an important member of their community and most likely served as their sacristan, may have been responsible for writing the first accounts about Christina, which the writer of the Vita possibly incorporated and consulted. The writer consulted Christina to confirm his work, but she proved to be a noncompliant source, so he turned to Margaret on three occasions to corroborate details about three miracles and visions that Christina had experienced. As Bugyis states, "[Christina] clearly trusted that Margaret would not only be an attentive and patient listener, but also gave unquestioning credence to her account". Bugyis also reports that the writer of the Vita highly valued Margaret's authority about her sister's life. Bugyis calls Margaret Christina's "primary witness to her thoughts, words, and deeds" and "the primary conduit" of detailed reports of Christina's visions, provided for the monks and abbot at St Albans, who were responsible for the production of the Vita, possibly into the 1130s. Bugyis also reports that both Christina and Margaret believed that Christina's miracles were as important as the ones recorded in Pope Gregory I's Dialogues and also warranted being recorded so that others could be exposed to them as well.

The first instance was a vision Christina experienced about the healing of Geoffrey de Gorham. Christina entrusted Margaret with passing it onto him; as Bugyis states, "Christina committed her memory of the vision to her sister's keeping; Margaret in turn committed it to Geoffrey's; and at some point, whether at Christina's, Margaret's, or Geoffrey's initiative, it was committed to writing, given that we now have a record of it in the Vita". In the second instance, Christina used Margaret and two other women at Markyate to confirm her prediction that Geoffrey would visit them. In the third instance, both Christina and Geoffrey experienced a vision in which Christina appeared to him at his bedside; the following morning, he sent his relative to Markyate to report it to Christina. Before he could do so, Christina summoned Margaret, who related that Christina had told her about a dream she had the night before about her appearance at Geoffrey's bedside. Christina called upon Margaret to authenticate these miracles and visions in all three instances.

Christina's Vita contains an account of another miracle, which was full of eucharistic imagery, in which Christ appears as an unknown pilgrim at both St Albans and Markygate, where Christina and her sister Margaret welcome him as their guest. According to Bugyis, the meal Christina, Margaret, and their guest place them "in the respective roles of contemplative repose and active labor", in what Bugyis calls "a dramatic reenactment" of Mary and Martha's contemplation and labor in the New Testament. Bugyis states that the account in Christina's Vita is reminiscent, although not as explicit as the parallel with the Mary and Martha story, is also a re-enactment of the narrative in the Gospel of Luke about Christ's encounter and meal, after his death and resurrection, with the two disciples travelling to Emmaus. Buygis states that when the hagiography's author's account of the meal is "read through the hermeneutical lens of both stories, the reason for his narrative sleight of hand becomes more apparent: he interpreted Christina and Margaret's act of hospitality as a kind of eucharistic ministry".

Bugyis also states the pilgrim's act of eating the bread in Christina's Vita is suggestive of the act of Communion in the Mass. However, Bugyis disagrees with C.H. Talbot's translation of the Vita, arguing that the text implies that one of the sisters, likely Margaret, placed the bread in the pilgrim's mouth, as is often done during Communion. In Bugyis' interpretation, "the meal she [Margaret] prepared and distributed to the pilgrim becomes more than mere food; it becomes a type of the Eucharist, and she becomes a kind of sacristan or priest". The writer of the text uses "veiled" language to describe the scene, having the pilgrim refuse their offer of fish because he only required enough fish to live spiritually, leaving the interpretation of the meal up to his readers. According to Bugyis, the writer of the Vita, as well as Christina and Margaret, were probably familiar with other artistic depictions of the meal at Emmaus, even though Bugyis admits that they interpreted the meal as a reenactment of the story, but states, "Either way, the writer encouraged a eucharistic reading of this reading through subtle parallelism with the gospel's narrative.". Bugyis goes on to say that the story reveals the "euchartistic connotations that were read into monastic hospitality".

Her hagiography is incomplete. Parts were lost in a fire in the 18th century and it is unknown whether the biographer wrote the account before or after her death. There are no manuscript versions of the Vita during the 12th century.

In the light of the Priory's legal foundation by St Paul's, the friendship of Christina and Geoffrey seems likely to derive from a fiction by Abbot Robert de Gorron (1151–1166) or by the chronicler Matthew Paris (c. 1200–1259), whose chronicle alleges that St Alban's Abbey had clerical competence over the nuns of Markyate. "It would almost seem that in the Gesta Abbatum the origins of Markyate and Sopwell have been confused. There Markyate Priory is said to have arisen through occupation of the hermitage of Roger, a former monk of St Albans, by a saintly recluse called Christina, for whom Abbot Geoffrey built a house. In reality, Markyate was not dependent on St Albans, as it would have been if founded by the abbot, and as Sopwell was." This makes it "very possible that what we are dealing with here is a later piece of fiction from a monastic chronicler." A medieval cult of the anchoress Christina is not substantiated by liturgical or historical sources. The Vita's existence and references to Christina in Gesta Abbatum Monasterii Sancti Albani still suggest interest in instigating such a cult in the 13th and 14th centuries.

title: Christina of Markyate


text:
Bell 427

The Bell 427 is a twin-engine, multirole, light utility helicopter designed and manufactured by Bell Helicopter and Samsung Aerospace Industries (now Korea Aerospace Industries). It has been replaced in production by the larger Bell 429.

Development
Bell has tried several incarnations of a twin version of its successful Bell 206 series, including the stillborn Bell 400 and 440 in the mid-1980s, and the limited-production Bell 206LT TwinRanger in the early 1990s. Bell's original concept for a replacement for the 206LT TwinRanger was the Bell 407T, a relatively straightforward twin-engine development of the Bell 407 with two Allison 250-C22B engines. However, Bell concluded that the payload-range performance of the 407T would not be sufficient.

The company began development of a new light twin, in partnership with South Korea's Samsung Aerospace Industries. In February 1996, Bell announced its Model 427 at the Heli Expo in Dallas. The Bell 427 was the company's first aircraft designed entirely on computer. The Bell 427 first flew on December 11, 1997. Canadian certification was awarded on November 19, 1999, followed by US certification in January 2000, and US FAA dual pilot IFR certification in May 2000. Bell builds the 427's flight dynamics systems at Fort Worth, Texas, while final assembly is performed at Bell's Mirabel, Quebec facility. The 427's fuselage and tailboom are built by Samsung (later part of KAI) at its Sachon plant in South Korea. The first customer deliveries occurred in January 2000.

In 2004, Bell offered a redesigned 427 version, the Bell 427i, which was developed in partnership with South Korea's Korea Aerospace Industries and Japan's Mitsui Bussan Aerospace. The agreement gave KAI the development and production responsibility for the fuselage, cabin wiring, and fuel system. Mitsui Bussan became a financial backer. The 427i included a newer glass cockpit and navigation systems to allow single pilot flying under Instrument flight rules. The design had a fuselage lengthened 1 ft 2 in (0.36 m), a more powerful engine version and transmission, and increased takeoff weight. However, the program was canceled and focus shifted to the improved Bell 429. In February 2005, the existing 80 orders for the 427i were converted to the 429. On January 24, 2008, Bell announced plans to officially discontinue its 427 line after current order commitments were fulfilled in 2010.

Design

The Bell 427 is powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PW207D turboshaft engines with FADEC. Like the Bell 407, the 427 uses a four-blade main rotor system with a rigid, composite rotor hub and a two-blade tail rotor.

The Bell 427's cabin is 13 in (33 cm) longer than the 407, and consists primarily of composite construction. The design removes the roof beam which obstructs the cabin on the 206/206L/407, and has an optional sliding main cabin door.

The 427 offers eight-place seating including pilot in a two+three+three arrangement. Alternate layouts include four in the main cabin in a club configuration, or two stretchers and two medical attendants for medical evacuation duties.

Operators

 * Entre Rios Police
 * Czech HEMS – Alfa Helicopter
 * Paraguayan Air Force
 * Czech HEMS – Alfa Helicopter
 * Paraguayan Air Force
 * Paraguayan Air Force

title: Bell 427


text:
9 Songs

9 Songs is a 2004 British art romantic drama film written and directed by Michael Winterbottom. The film stars Kieran O'Brien and Margo Stilley. The title refers to the nine songs played by eight different rock bands that complement the story of the film.

The film was controversial upon original release due to its sexual content, which included unsimulated footage of the two leads, Kieran O'Brien and Margo Stilley, having sexual intercourse and performing oral sex as well as a scene of ejaculation. The film was showcased at the Cannes Film Festival.

Plot
Having met at a Black Rebel Motorcycle Club gig Matt and Lisa, an exchange student, have intercourse, the next day she leaves for work. Matt narrates the relationship from the future, where he is a climatologist in Antarctica.

After seeing The Von Bondies Matt performs cunnilingus on Lisa, then they have sex on the sofa. They do some cocaine and have sex, a few days later they see Elbow. They stay at a cottage and in the bath Lisa gives Matt a footjob. He swims nude in the sea, they see Primal Scream. They have sex and go clubbing. The next morning he blindfolds her and ties her up then performs cunnilingus on her. After having sex they see The Dandy Warhols. Lisa is once more blindfolded, and Matt fingers her, they then visit a strip club where nude women dance on Lisa. Remembering the naked women Lisa masturbates using a dildo. Matt walks out and leaves Lisa at the strip club. This causes them to become distant. The next morning Matt watches Lisa masturbate, disappointed.

Matt goes to the Super Furry Animals alone. They argue, but later Lisa buys some high heeled leather boots and ties Matt up, and they have sex. The next morning she fellates him and we see him ejaculate. They see Franz Ferdinand, then stay at a hotel for Matt's birthday, they do some cocaine before going to a Michael Nyman concert and Lisa tells Matt she is returning to America.

The next morning they have sex, Lisa on top of Matt. At Christmas after Lisa leaves. Years later Matt is flying over Antarctica. We see the Black Rebel Motorcycle Club close the film.

Cast

 * Kieran O'Brien as Matt
 * Margo Stilley as Lisa

Production
On the first day of filming in the fall of 2003, Margo Stilley and Kieran O'Brien shot a scene where they are just kissing and taking their clothes off. "It wasn't until after lunch that we had sex," O'Brien recalls. As would happen throughout the shoot, Winterbottom left little to chance. "He really mapped out everything," O'Brien says. "The order he wanted me to take off my clothes, her clothes, whether my socks stayed on or not. He had specific ideas of how he wanted our bodies to move. Sometimes, he would start us and then stop and say, 'Let's try this from a slightly different angle,' and then take 15 minutes to reset the shot. I wondered if he remembered the delicate machinery of the male sex organ."

The nine songs

 * 1) "Whatever Happened to My Rock and Roll", Black Rebel Motorcycle Club
 * 2) "C'mon, C'mon", The Von Bondies
 * 3) "Fallen Angel", Elbow
 * 4) "Movin' on Up", Primal Scream
 * 5) "You Were the Last High", The Dandy Warhols
 * 6) "Slow Life", Super Furry Animals
 * 7) "Jacqueline", Franz Ferdinand
 * 8) "Debbie", Michael Nyman
 * 9) "Love Burns", Black Rebel Motorcycle Club

Reception
9 Songs holds a score of 24% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 97 reviews with an average rating of 4.38/10. The site's consensus states: "The unerotic sex scenes quickly become tedious to watch, and the lovers lack the personality necessary to make viewers care about them."

Derek Malcolm of The Guardian praised the film: "Nine Songs looks like a porn movie, but it feels like a love story. The sex is used as a metaphor for the rest of the couple's relationship. And it is shot with Winterbottom's customary sensitivity."

Radio Times gave a lackluster review, awarding it two stars out of five and claiming: "From the hot, blurry chaos of the gigs to the sparsely furnished flat where the couple unite, this is very much an exercise in style over content. As such, some will find it a rewarding art house experiment with much to recommend it, others watching simply for the explicit and unsimulated lovemaking may well find it boring and pretentious."

Writing for East Bay Express, Luke Y. Thompson claimed: "Michael Winterbottom delivers the sex, and not much else." He continued: "Though there isn't much narrative in effect, Winterbottom does quite literally build to a climax...O'Brien is well endowed, while Stilley is all natural...If the movie were any longer, the onscreen events might become a lot more tedious, but there are just enough different things each time to avoid dull repetition. You may have seen a handjob onscreen, for instance, but have you ever seen a foot job? It's interesting, to say the least."

Controversy
According to The Guardian, 9 Songs is the most sexually explicit mainstream film to date, largely because it includes several scenes of real sex between the two lead actors. The film is unusual in that it features its lead actors, Margo Stilley and Kieran O'Brien, actually had sex on set, much of which is shown clearly in the film, including genital fondling, masturbation with and without a vibrator (including a footjob in a bathtub scene), penetrative vaginal sex, cunnilingus and fellatio. During a scene in which Stilley gives O'Brien a handjob after performing fellatio on him, O'Brien became the only actor who has been shown ejaculating in a mainstream, UK-produced feature. To avoid a possible pregnancy, O'Brien wore a condom on his erect penis during the vaginal sex but not while receiving oral sex. Margo Stilley initially asked Winterbottom to refer to her simply by her character's name in interviews about the film.

The release sparked a debate over whether the scenes of explicit sex artistically contributed to the film's meaning or crossed the border into pornography. In the United Kingdom, the film received an 18 certificate from the British Board of Film Classification and became the most explicit mainstream film to be so rated in the country. MP Ann Widdecombe complained about the film in the UK House of Commons and calling on the Home Secretary to reverse the decision to release it uncut.

In Australia, the Office of Film and Literature Classification gave the film an X rating, which would have prevented the film from being shown theatrically and restricted sale of the film to the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory. The OFLC Review Board later passed the film with an R rating, although the South Australian Classification Council raised the rating back to X in South Australia.

In New Zealand, while the Society for the Promotion of Community Standards lobbied for the film to be kept out of cinemas, it was passed uncut at R18 by the Office of Film and Literature Classification. The film was broadcast on New Zealand pay TV Rialto Channel in July 2007.

In June 2008, the film was broadcast on Dutch national television by the public broadcasting station VPRO.

title: 9 Songs


text:
User talk:Geordiebusker

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions.

You might find these pages useful:

 * How to edit a page

 * How to write a great article

 * Article naming conventions

 * Wikipedia's Manual of Style

You can always experiment in the sandbox.

If you like, you can introduce yourself at the new user log, or write something about yourself on your user page.

One more thing: if you leave a note on any kind of discussion page it's always helpful to sign your post with four tildes ( ~ ), which is automatically converted to your username and the date and time. Don't do this in articles themselves though as they are not 'owned' by any particular contributor.

If you have any questions, see help, leave a question at the help desk, or feel free to drop me a line on my talk page.

Thanks again and happy editing!

— Trilobite (Talk) 13:48, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Geordiebusker


text:
Reduction to practice

In United States patent law, the reduction to practice is the step in the formation of an invention beyond the conception thereof. Reduction to practice may be either actual (the invention is actually carried out and is found to work for its intended purpose) or constructive (a patent application having a sufficient disclosure is filed). The date of reduction to practice was critical to the determination of priority between inventors in an interference proceeding under the discontinued first-to-invent system as well as for swearing behind a reference under that system.

Conception is the "formation in the mind of the inventor, of a definite and permanent idea of the complete and operative invention, as it is hereafter to be applied in practice." Hybritech Inc. v. Monoclonal Antibodies, Inc., 802 F.2d 1367, 1376 (Fed. Cir. 1986) (quoting 1 Robinson On Patents 532 (1890).

The reduction to practice of an invention can either be:

 * Actual reduction to practice: "[R]equires that the claimed invention work[s] for its intended purpose." Brunswick Corp. v. U.S., 34 Fed. Cl. 532, 584 (1995).
 * Constructive reduction to practice: "[O]ccurs upon the filing of a patent application on the claimed invention." Brunswick Corp. v. U.S., 34 Fed. Cl. 532, 584 (1995).
 * "Simultaneous conception and reduction to practice": "On rare occasions conception and reduction to practice occur simultaneously in unpredictable technologies." (citing MPEP §2138.04 "Conception" [R-10.2019] ). "In some instances, such as the discovery of genes or chemicals, an inventor is unable to establish a conception until he has reduced the invention to practice through a successful experiment." The Regents of the University of California v. Synbiotics Co., 849 F.Supp. 740, 742 (S.D.Cal., 1994) (citing Amgen, Inc. v. Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 927 F.2d 1200, 1206 (Fed. Cir. 1991)). The court will apply this doctrine in so-called "unpredictable arts" such as biology and chemistry where the invention is a "biologically active composition of matter," also called a "bio-chemical substance."

Some types of evidence
In addition to an inventor's notebook, several additional kinds of evidence can be used to establish an earlier priority date.

Disclosure Document Program
The Disclosure Document Program (DDP) was a USPTO program that allowed an inventor to file a preliminary description of his/her invention. The program was discontinued by the USPTO as of February 1, 2007, in favor of filing a provisional application. The USPTO says:

"A provisional application for patent provides more benefits and protections to inventors than a disclosure document and can be used for the same purposes as a disclosure document if necessary. ... A non-provisional application must be filed within twelve months of the filing date of a provisional patent in order for the inventor to claim the benefit of the provisional application. ..."

title: Reduction to practice


text:
Marle

Marle may refer to:

 * Marle (Chrono Trigger), a character from the 1995 video game Chrono Trigger
 * Marle, Aisne, a commune in France
 * Marle, a hamlet in the Dutch municipality of Olst-Wijhe
 * Marle, a hamlet in the Dutch municipality of Hellendoorn

title: Marle