text:
User:ZmiLa

I am Zmicier LAPCIONAK (be: Зьміцер Лапцёнак, Źmicier Łapcionak) from Miensk, Belarus.

Wikipedia: main activities — Belarusan, english and Esperanto — interwiki.

Spoken languages: Belarusan, English, Esperanto, Russian.

My homepage: zmila at tut.by — collection of verses (be, eo, ru) and my translations into Esperanto.

My blog: zmila at livejournal — in belarusan, sometimes in Esperanto.

be:User:Zmila eo:Vikipediisto:Zmila

title: User:ZmiLa


text: Category:Hong Kong fashion designers

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Hong Kong fashion designers


text:
Ossès

Ossès (Ortzaize) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.

Ossès lies in the traditional Basque province of Lower Navarre.

Geography
Ossès is located 13 km north-west of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, in the foothills of the Pyrenees. It is surrounded by low hills in the Ossès valley, a part of the valley of the river Nive, home of the pottok, the wild Basque horse. The surrounding countryside is considered very beautiful, with several trails, long-distance walks and picnic sites. The air was described as coming 'straight from heaven' by a local poet.

Neighboring communes

 * Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port
 * Bidarray
 * Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa
 * Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry

History
The village was under the authority of the Dukes of Gascogne, then of Aquitaine, but was passed to the Kingdom of Navarre with the marriage of Princess Berengaria of Navarre, daughter of King Sancho the Wise, to Richard the Lionheart in 1191.

Ossès had the status of a canton but lost this after the French Revolution.

Sights
The village has a splendid sixteenth century church, St-Julien, with a unique heptagonal tower, a famous altarpiece and a pelota fronton forming one of its walls. The graveyard has a small number of stone Basque crosses. There are several traditional Basque houses around the square, characterised by their pink sandstone lintels and half-timbers, including the 1628 Maison Sastriarena, where the Bishops of Bayonne were entertained, and the Maison Harizmendi, where the prelate who married Louis XIV and Maria Theresa stayed in 1660 on his way to the wedding party. The old laundry building has also been preserved.

Economy
The well-known Irouléguy wine and Ossau-Iraty cheese are produced in the area, with tourism, crafts and agriculture key parts of the local economy.

Transport
Ossès-Saint-Martin-d'Arrossa is a railway station on the railway line between Bayonne and Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port with several services each day. It is 1 km from the village. A bus to Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry connects with the rail service.

Village festival
The village festival is on the last Sunday in August.

title: Ossès


text: User talk:81.224.75.164

title: User talk:81.224.75.164


text:
Swallow This Live

Swallow This Live is the first live album by American glam metal band Poison. It was released in 1991 by Capitol Records. The album peaked at number 51 on the Billboard 200, number 42 on the Cash Box albums chart, and was certified Gold in 2001 by the RIAA.

Production and marketing
The album features sixteen live tracks from Poison's first three studio albums Look What the Cat Dragged In, Open Up and Say...Ahh!, and Flesh and Blood. These live tracks were recorded in Miami, Orlando, and Tampa during the Florida section of Poison’s Flesh and Blood world tour. Swallow This Live also contains four new studio tracks, which were the last recorded before guitarist C.C. DeVille departed from Poison later in 1991. One of these, "So Tell Me Why", was released as a single and reached number 25 in the United Kingdom in November 1991 and features a music video.

Track listing
Disc 1
 * 1) "Intro" (1:20)
 * 2) "Look What the Cat Dragged In" (3:36)
 * 3) "Look But You Can't Touch" (4:05)
 * 4) "Let It Play" (4:31)
 * 5) "Good Love" (3:52)
 * 6) "Life Goes On" (6:12)
 * 7) "Ride the Wind" (4:11)
 * 8) "I Want Action" (4:58)
 * 9) "Drum Solo" (8:21)
 * 10) "Something to Believe In" (6:15)
 * 11) "Poor Boy Blues" (8:19)
 * 12) "Unskinny Bop" (3:57)

Disc 2
 * 1) "Love on the Rocks" (4:27)
 * 2) "Guitar Solo" (11:03)
 * 3) "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" (4:27)
 * 4) "Fallen Angel" (4:48)
 * 5) "Your Mama Don't Dance" (3:12)
 * 6) "Nothin' But a Good Time" (7:43)
 * 7) "Talk Dirty to Me" (5:52)
 * 8) "So Tell Me Why [New studio track] (3:23)
 * 9) "Souls on Fire" [New studio track] (3:19)
 * 10) "Only Time Will Tell" [New studio track] (4:00)
 * 11) "No More Lookin' Back (Poison Jazz)" [New studio track] (3:19)

UK single-disc edition
The UK single disc version contained a cut down track listing that lost the guitar and drum solos and the tracks "Let It Play", "Life Goes On", "Ride the Wind", and "Love on the Rocks".

 * 1) "Intro"
 * 2) "Look What the Cat Dragged In"
 * 3) "Look But You Can't Touch"
 * 4) "Good Love"
 * 5) "I Want Action"
 * 6) "Something to Believe In"
 * 7) "Poor Boy Blues"
 * 8) "Unskinny Bop"
 * 9) "Every Rose Has Its Thorn"
 * 10) "Fallen Angel"
 * 11) "Your Mama Don't Dance"
 * 12) "Nothin' But a Good Time"
 * 13) "Talk Dirty to Me"
 * 14) "So Tell Me Why" [New Studio Track]
 * 15) "Souls on Fire" [New Studio Track]
 * 16) "Only Time Will Tell" [New Studio Track]
 * 17) "No More Lookin' Back (Poison Jazz)" [New Studio Track]

2004 remastered single-disc edition
Capitol Records released a digitally remastered edition of Swallow This Live in a single-disc format on June 1, 2004. Aside from the bonus studio tracks, this release is missing "Poor Boy Blues," the drum solo, and the guitar solo (although part of the guitar solo was included in the first $3 1/2$ minutes of "Every Rose Has Its Thorn"; the main song starts at 4:47). In addition, much of the profanity from the original release has been edited out and the track listing was slightly altered to have "Thorn" as the last song on the disc.

 * 1) "Intro"
 * 2) "Look What the Cat Dragged In"
 * 3) "Look But You Can't Touch"
 * 4) "Let It Play"
 * 5) "Good Love"
 * 6) "Life Goes On"
 * 7) "Ride the Wind"
 * 8) "I Want Action"
 * 9) "Unskinny Bop"
 * 10) "Something to Believe In"
 * 11) "Love on the Rocks"
 * 12) "Fallen Angel"
 * 13) "Your Momma Don't Dance"
 * 14) "Nothin' But a Good Time"
 * 15) "Talk Dirty to Me"
 * 16) "Every Rose Has Its Thorn"

Video
Swallow This Live: Flesh & Blood World Tour is a Poison concert video, recorded Irvine Meadows Amphitheatre in 1991. It was initially released as a pay per view concert but a planned home video release was later cancelled.

 * 1) Look What The Cat Dragged In
 * 2) I Want Action
 * 3) Ride The Wind
 * 4) Life Goes On
 * 5) Let It Play
 * 6) Rikki's Solo
 * 7) Something To Believe In
 * 8) Good Love
 * 9) Poor Boy Blues
 * 10) Unskinny Bop
 * 11) Love On The Rocks
 * 12) C.C.'s Solo
 * 13) Every Rose Has Its Thorn
 * 14) Fallen Angel
 * 15) Your Mama Don't Dance
 * 16) Nothin' But A Good Time
 * 17) Talk Dirty To Me

Band members

 * Bret Michaels – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
 * C.C. DeVille – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Bobby Dall – bass, backing vocals
 * Rikki Rockett – drums, backing vocals

title: Swallow This Live


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/European Forum

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Pending deletion due to block compress error. Joyous 01:18, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

European Forum
Same forum as the Albanau Community, listed above. vanity, Delete -- Chris 73 Talk 11:47, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not only is there woefully inadequate demonstration of notability, the phrase 'European Forum' is widely used by a great number of organisations that are far more notable than the one currently squatting on the page, for example the European Forum of the International Bar Association (that's lawyers, not servers of intoxicating beverages by the way). Average Earthman 12:52, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. jni 16:40, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No claim to notability. JoaoRicardo 04:29, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:822 deaths

title: Category:822 deaths


text:
The Duke of Edinburgh's Award

The Duke of Edinburgh's Award (commonly abbreviated DofE) is a youth awards programme founded in the United Kingdom in 1956 by the Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, which has since expanded to 144 nations. The awards recognise adolescents and young adults for completing a series of self-improvement exercises modelled on Kurt Hahn's solutions to his "Six Declines of Modern Youth".

In the United Kingdom, the programme is run by The Duke of Edinburgh's Award, a royal charter corporation. A separate entity, The Duke of Edinburgh's International Award Foundation, promotes the award abroad and acts as a coordinating body for award sponsors in other nations, which are organised into 62 National Award Authorities and a number of Independent Operators. Award sponsors in countries outside the United Kingdom may call their awards The Duke of Edinburgh's Award, although the recognition also operates under a variety of other names in countries without a historic link to the British monarchy, or that have severed such links.

History
In February 1955, The Duke of Edinburgh's Award was first announced. It was at first "for boys" aged 15 to 18. It was first administered, and largely designed, by John Hunt, who had led the first successful ascent of Mount Everest in 1953, and had retired from the army to run The Duke of Edinburgh's Award. It was designed to attract boys who had not been interested in joining one of the main British youth movements, such as the Scout Association. It was not necessary to 'join' any organisation, or wear a uniform to participate. In the first 12 months, 7,000 boys had enrolled for the scheme. The programme borrowed from the Moray Badge, instituted at Gordonstoun School by its headmaster, Kurt Hahn, in 1936, and the County Badge adopted in Moray in 1941.

In November 1957 it was announced that girls would be invited to participate. On 19 June 1958 the Award was extended to girls, with the first girls allowed to join from 1 September 1958. The programme for girls was not the same as that for boys, and was for ages 14 to 20. The first girls received their Gold Awards on 3 November 1959 at Buckingham Palace. From January 1965, the Gold Award for boys and girls was made more similar. The first Gold Awards were achieved in 1958, and the charity was established in 1959. A single programme for young people aged 14 to 21 was launched in 1969, and extended to those up to 25 years of age in 1980. In 2013, the Duke presented Awards at St James's Palace which included his 500th Gold Award Presentation.

United Kingdom
The first Duke of Edinburgh's Award ceremony was held in the United Kingdom in 1956. Participation in DofE programmes and the number of awards achieved has grown every year since 1956. By 2017, roughly 420,000 young people were taking part in Duke of Edinburgh's Award programmes run in nearly 11,000 designated DofE centres – including schools, youth clubs, Air cadets, Army Cadets and businesses – throughout the UK. Over 6 million young people in the UK have taken part in the DofE in the UK since 1956 (8 million worldwide). The Duke of Edinburgh's Award is a member of the National Council for Voluntary Youth Services (NCVYS). In 2009, the old system of keeping track of progress through paper Record Books was replaced by the introduction of a major new online system – eDofE. Participants use this system to track their progress, while Leaders use it to oversee participants' progress.

Award programmes
The Duke of Edinburgh's Award programmes take between one and four years to complete, and they must be completed by the participant's 25th-birthday. There are around 300,000 new participants annually, with an estimated 461,000 current participants in the UK. The programmes are at three progressive levels which, if successfully completed, lead to a Bronze, Silver, or Gold Duke of Edinburgh's Award. With assistance from adult Leaders, participants select and set objectives in each of the following areas:
 * Volunteering: undertaking service to individuals or the community.
 * Physical: improving in an area of sport, dance or fitness activities.
 * Skills: developing practical and social skills and personal interests.
 * Expedition: planning, training for, and completion of an adventurous journey in the UK or abroad.
 * At Gold level, participants must do an additional fifth Residential section, which involves staying and working away from home for five days, doing a shared activity.

To achieve an award, the participant must work on each section for a minimum period of time, and must be monitored and assessed by someone with knowledge of the chosen activities. Each progressive level demands more time and commitment from participants: Bronze 3–6 months; Silver: 6–9 months; Gold: 12–18 months. Participants are required to show regular activity and commitment to the award for the duration of their DofE programme, which is usually at least one hour per week.

Joint Award Initiative
In Northern Ireland participants completing The Duke of Edinburgh's Award can choose to accept a certificate from the Gaisce or an International Award Certificate instead of a Duke of Edinburgh certificate.

Other nations
Awards modelled on The Duke of Edinburgh's Award are presented by sponsoring organisations affiliated with the Duke of Edinburgh's International Award Association in 144 nations: 29 located in the Americas; 36 in Africa; 32 in Asian Pacific countries; and 47 in Europe, around the Mediterranean, and in Arab countries. The prestige, scope and awareness of these awards vary from country to country and often – unlike awards programmes in Ireland and the United Kingdom – there is no connection to the head of state and awards are simply issued by private youth charities. In the United States, for instance, only about 7,000 of the estimated 47 million eligible persons age 14 to 24 annually participate in the programme.

Australia
The Award was established in Australia in 1959 on the initiative of Sir Adrien Curlewis (son of Herbert Curlewis) in 1958. By 1962 the award was available in all state and territories and today over 30,000 young Australians commence a Bronze, Silver or Gold Award each year. The Duke of Ed in Australia is a widely recognised organising and accrediting framework of non-formal education and learning. Over 775,000 young Australians have now completed their award and approximately 45,000 are actively participating in the award program each year, supported by a network of 60,000 volunteers acting as award leaders, supervisors and assessors.

The Duke of Edinburgh's International Award can be found in over 1,200 locations and institutions across Australia including cities, rural and remote areas, through Government and independent schools, universities, indigenous communities, refugee support programmes, detention centres, community organisations, disability groups and other youth programs. The National Chairman is currently Gary Nairn, and the National CEO is Peter Kaye. The Hon Larry Anthony is the chair of The Friends of The Duke of Edinburgh's Award in Australia and Andrew Murray AM is the deputy chair.

Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, the award is offered through The Duke of Edinburgh's International Award Foundation Bangladesh, which has been based in Dhaka since 2008. Various schools and universities participate.

Canada
The first Duke of Edinburgh's Award ceremony in Canada was held in 1964. By 2011, approximately 500,000 Canadians had received the award over the programme's 57-year history. In 2013, the Royal Bank of Canada announced a $1 million grant to help fund marketing and publicity efforts to increase awareness for the programme.

Cyprus
Participation in the Award has been available for many years.

Eswatini
"The Prince Makhosini Award" had 3,000 young people participating in the programme in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) as of 2013.

Ghana
The scheme in Ghana is named the Head of State Award. It began in 1967, and by 2021 about 750,000 young people had taken part.

Hong Kong
The "Hong Kong Award for Young People", formerly known as "The Duke of Edinburgh's Award", is one of the active members of the International Award Association. The Hong Kong Award was incepted in 1961. Currently, there are roughly 53,000 youth participants in Hong Kong. More than 600 different user units, including schools, universities, uniform group youth organisations and community centres, are running the Award Scheme.

India
India awards the "International Award for Young People" to youth who complete a self-improvement programme based on the Duke of Edinburgh's award model. The programme was first introduced to India in 1962 and was originally operated by the Indian Public Schools Conference. In 1989 the Award Programme Foundation, a registered charity, was established to oversee management of the award. According to the Award Programme Foundation, implementation of awards are undertaken by 154 local institutions, including governments, NGOs and universities. Despite the long history of the programme in India, only about 19,000 youth annually participate. As in many other nations, awards in India are granted in three levels – Gold, Silver and Bronze – based on the complexity and time commitment of the projects undertaken by the individual award participant.

Ireland

"Gaisce – The President's Award" (Gaisce – Gradam an Uachtaráin) was established by a trust deed under the patronage of the President of Ireland on 28 March 1985. It joined the Duke of Edinburgh's International Awards Association in 1988. There are three awards: bronze, silver and gold. The profile of the award was raised substantially during the term of Mary Robinson.

Korea
The award was established in Korea in 2008 by Korea Youth Services Centre. The award is currently supported under The Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, which is an organisation organised by the government. The applicants have to be in an age in between 14 and 25. Anyone who is over 14 but under 25 can challenge for the bronze award, but the applicants have to be at least 15 to start the silver medal, as well as the gold medal starts from 16 years old. Despite the fact that there have been fewer than ten gold medal winners in eight years, there has been an exponential increase of the number of applicants in Korea. It reached its peak in 2011, which recorded 3,500 applicants and there are over 6,000 young people, who have completed their awards by 2015. Also, there are 17 organisations or associations that are supporting the award.

Lesotho
"The Prince Mohato Award" was established in 1976. Its current patron is King Letsie III. As with other nations, the award is presented in three levels and eligible youth are those age 14 to 25. The chairperson of the awards program is Maureen Nyathi.

Malaysia
In Malaysia, the award is referred to as " Anugerah Remaja Perdana, RAKAN MUDA". It is a Full Member of The Duke of Edinburgh's International Association and was officially launched in Malaysia on 6 Nov 2000. The gold award will be awarded by the Malaysian Minister of Youth and Sport at an award ceremony.

New Zealand
In New Zealand, although one or two organisations started taking part earlier, it was not until 18 July 1963 that the Governor-General, Bernard Fergusson, Baron Ballantrae, held the inaugural meeting of the National Council of The Duke of Edinburgh's Award in New Zealand at Government House in Wellington, when a Constitution for The Award in New Zealand was adopted. In New Zealand the Award is referred to as the Duke of Edinburgh's Hillary Award. The name draws on one of New Zealand's greatest adventurers, Sir Edmund Hillary. The Award has also previously been called "The Young New Zealanders Challenge of the Duke of Edinburgh's Hillary Award".

Netherlands
The Award was founded in the Netherlands in 1997 by Wim van der Laan and Maurice Jurgens. Known as "The International Award for Young People", it was officially recognised by the ministry of education in 2007 as a substitute for community service in secondary education and is currently being offered by 45 institutions.

Portugal
The "Prémio Infante D. Henrique" is the Portuguese version of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award targeting those between 14-and-24-years-old. It was established in 1988 in Porto by The Duke of Braganza, who remains its honorary president. In 2015 the Prémio Infante D. Henrique became a licensee of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award and adopted the international brand. The Prémio Infante D. Henrique consists of a program of personal and social development of voluntary and non-competitive activities in four areas:

 * Community service
 * Personal talents
 * Sports
 * Expedition
 * Residential project – only for those who are older than 16-years-old.

Romania
The Award was first introduced in 1991 by Sister Agnes in the Roman Catholic Parish of Motru, being carried on locally until 2011. Since 2011, the programme has expanded nationwide, where it was successfully implemented in several cities of Romania. In April 2013, the license for Award Romania was signed in the presence of Secretary-General John May, and it became a National Award Authority. Starting in June 2013, The Duke of Edinburgh's International Award has Her Majesty Margareta, Custodian of the Romanian Crown, as Patron in Romania. Since then, the Award has seen a rapid expansion, engaging over 10,000 young people and over 2,000 Award Leaders and adult volunteers, with millions having participated around the world, finding their purpose, passion and place in the world.

Singapore
In Singapore, the award is referred to as "National Youth Achievement Award". It is a full member of The Duke of Edinburgh's International Association and was officially launched in Singapore on 9 May 1992 by president Wee Kim Wee at the Istana.

South Africa
In South Africa, the Award is referred to as the "President's Award for Youth Empowerment". The Award was first established in 1983 under the name "Gold Shield Award", but in 1992, in anticipation of Nelson Mandela becoming the first president of a democratic South Africa, the name was changed to "President's Award for Youth Empowerment". In its 33-year history of youth engagement in South Africa, the Award Programme has reached over 150,000 young people in the country. The President's Award has a full licence to operate the Award in South Africa, from the Duke of Edinburgh's International Award Foundation, which oversees Award Programmes in over 140 countries globally, with 25 of these being in Africa.

There are over 14,300 active participants in South Africa (2014) and the Award Programme is currently being used by over 250 Award Units nationally (community youth groups, residential youth facilities, schools and correctional centres) as a workable framework for youth empowerment. It is being increasingly sought to provide a framework for youth-at-risk, providing them with a positive, affirming alternative to the social challenges which they face within their communities. The Award Programme is not a once off intervention but is a longer-term process, taking between three and five years to complete all three levels of Bronze, Silver, and Gold.

United States
In the United States, the award is offered through "The Duke of Edinburgh’s International Award USA" organization, based in Chicago. Various schools and some Scout councils participate.

Zambia
"The Duke of Edinburgh International Award", "The International Youth Award", or simply "The International Award" was founded in Zambia in 1989. Although the concept was introduced in September 1981, it was only in 1989 when the Zambian government decided to integrate it into the President's Youth Award of Zambia. In 1990, a National Youth Award Committee was elected and operated under the National Youth Development Council (NYDC). In May 1991, a pilot project started with 50 young individuals and by December the same year 30 had qualified for the Bronze Award level. In the mid-1990s, the Award got a new lease of life when private schools began to adopt the Award, reporting directly to the International Secretariat in London in the absence of a National Award Authority. At this point, slight name variations arose in different private schools depending on organisers; however, the integrity of the award is still maintained.

title: The Duke of Edinburgh's Award


text:
Gary Chapman (musician)

Gary Winther Chapman (born August 19, 1957) is an American contemporary Christian music singer-songwriter and former television talk show host.

Early life and music career
Born in Waurika, Oklahoma, Chapman grew up in De Leon, Texas, the son of an Assemblies of God pastor, the Rev. Terry W. Chapman, who ministered for 56 years before his death in 2009.

Chapman performed in bands throughout high school and college. After going to Bible college at what is now Southwestern Assemblies of God University in Waxahachie, Texas, he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, and was hired as guitar player for The Rambos. In 1979, his song "Father's Eyes" was recorded as the title track to Amy Grant's Grammy-nominated second album My Father's Eyes. In 1982, his song "Finally", recorded by T. G. Sheppard, reached No. 1 on the country music charts. He also received a Dove Award as Songwriter of the Year from the Gospel Music Association in 1981.

During the rest of the 1980s and the early 1990s, Chapman continued to write, record, and produce music, while touring as an opening act for various artists. He sang "Brave Hearts" in 1987 for the Touchstone Pictures film Ernest Goes to Camp. He also collaborated with numerous artists in the singing of "Amazing Grace" in the 1994 film Maverick.

He was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album in 1994 for The Light Inside. The album also resulted in a Dove Award nomination for Male Vocalist of the Year, and yielded a contemporary Christian music chart No. 1 song, "Sweet Glow of Mercy." He won a second Dove Award in 1994 for co-producing the album Songs from the Loft, featuring various artists.

In April 1996, Chapman won Male Vocalist of the Year at the GMA Dove Awards. His 1996 album, Shelter, delivered another No. 1, "One of Two", with "Man After Your Own Heart" resulting in a Dove Award for Inspirational Recorded Song of the Year and featuring on the Dove Award-winning Special Event Album of the Year, My Utmost for His Highest. Shelter also received a 1997 Grammy nomination for Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album. At the 1998 Dove Awards, his album Hymns From The Ryman, featuring him and other artists, won Country Album of the Year.

Television career
In the middle of 1996, The Nashville Network announced that Chapman would replace Tom Wopat as host of their evening talk show, Prime Time Country. The show ended after 1999. Chapman went on to produce Muzik Mafia on CMT as well as appearing numerous times on the network's Gone Country as a songwriting mentor. Chapman, along with John Rich and Big Kenny (the country duo Big and Rich) traveled to Vietnam to document the story of Niles Harris, a Vietnam veteran, in the production of The 8th of November: A True Story of Pain and Honor. Chapman produced, wrote, directed, and scored the documentary.

Radio show host
Gary Chapman hosted the weekly syndicated program CCM Countdown.Billboard

Personal life
Chapman married Amy Grant on June 19, 1982. Grant filed for divorce from Chapman in March 1999, citing "irreconcilable differences", and the divorce was finalized in June 1999.

Chapman married Jennifer Pittman in July 2000. Chapman and Pittman divorced in 2007.

On December 22, 2008, Chapman married Cassie Piersol. The couple began a project called A Hymn a Week in 2010 to honor the musical heritage left to Chapman by his parents. Chapman has stated that both his parents, who were small-town pastors for their entire lives, had a strong influence in his life and they "implanted the hymns into [his] heart". Chapman's mother Mary died on December 26, 2002. His father Terry died on April 12, 2009, after a lengthy battle with Parkinson's disease and multiple myeloma. During his last years, he lived with Chapman and Cassie, and Chapman played and sang old hymns at his father's bedside. Being asked to perform a hymn at a friend's funeral inspired him to begin compiling a brief history and personal connection to a different hymn each week, on a webpage that he titled A Hymn a Week.

Chapman has three children with Grant. He and his third wife, Cassie Piersol Chapman, adopted an infant girl, Eva, in March 2014.

He is a licensed helicopter pilot, and once surprised his friend and fellow Christian singer/songwriter Steven Curtis Chapman (no relation) by landing in his yard.

Chapman and his wife are involved in many charities and organizations, including the Nashville Rescue Mission, Agape Animal Rescue, the T.J. Martell Foundation, and the Make-A-Wish Foundation.

title: Gary Chapman (musician)


text:
Kosta Trifković

Kosta Trifković (Коста Трифковић; 20 October 1843 – 19 February 1875) was a Serbian writer and one of the best comediographers of the time. Trifković wrote lighthearted comedies about city life in Vojvodina which were popular with the public, especially his best play, The Choosy Bride-to-Be (Izbiračica).

Biography
Kosta Trifković was born in Danube Street (Dunavska ulica) in the city of Novi Sad on October 20, 1843, at the time in the Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (modern-day Serbia). He was the only child of Atanasije and Ane Trifković. He studied in Novi Sad, Vinkovci, Pest, and in Rijeka took courses in seafaring. He went to sea just before finishing high school, but his delicate health proved unequal to the task, and after two years sailing the seven seas he went to Bratislava (Pozun) to study law. Upon graduation, he moved back to Novi Sad where he established his law practice with a colleague, Djordje Vukičević, in 1867. In 1870 he became a senator and president of the borough court in Novi Sad. There he wrote plays in his spare time. Soon his passion for the stage completely engrossed him, he tried his hand both at dramatic criticism and at dramatic authorship.

The father of Serbian comedy, Jovan Sterija Popović, who dramatized universal problems and stated didactic imperatives, became outmoded and soon was overshadowed by a score of young writers. Kosta Trifković filled the gap between Sterija-Popović and the new school. Trifković's first piece, Mladost Dositeja Obradovića (lit. 'The Youth of Dositej Obradović'), was produced in 1871, and proved the writer to be the legitimate successor of Jovan Sterija Popović. His industry was prodigious: between 1871 and 1874, he composed fifteen plays, all of them original, and not counting numerous translations or recasts of classical masterpieces.

He died of consumption in Novi Sad on February 19, 1875. He was 32.

Serbian national history furnished an abundant source of subjects and inspiration. Among the masters of the nineteenth century theater, we may mention Jovan Sterija Popović, Jovan Subotić, Branislav Nušić, Ivo Vojnović and Kosta Trifković, who followed Jovan Sterija Popović in this field, though his comedies of intrigue have no didactic purpose. Trifković depicts his limited environment with kind humour, particularly with My Congratulations, The Overseer and Fastidious Girl.

Works
His most popular dramatic pieces were Čestitam, Školski nadzornik, Francuski-pruski rat, Izbiračica, Ljubavno pismo, Na Badnji dan, Pola vina, pola vode), Mila, and Mladost Dositeja Obradovića. He wrote 15 original comedies, and translated many foreign comedies for the Serbian theatre. Kosta Trifković's dramatic works have been translated into German, French, Italian, Hungarian, Slovenian, Bulgarian, and other languages.

External sources

 * Jovan Skerlić, Istorija Nove Srpske Književnosti/ History of Modern Serbian Literature (Belgrade, 1914, 1921), pages 344-346.

title: Kosta Trifković


text:
Treptower Park

Treptower Park (, with a silent w) is a park alongside the river Spree in Alt-Treptow, in the district of Treptow-Köpenick, south of central Berlin.

History
It was the location of the Great Industrial Exposition of Berlin in 1896. It is a popular place for recreation of Berliners and a tourist attraction. On 14 July 1987 it was used by British band Barclay James Harvest for the first ever open-air concert by a western rock band in the German Democratic Republic.

Soviet war memorial
Its prominent feature is the Soviet War Memorial (sometimes translated as the "Soviet Cenotaph"), built to the design of the Soviet architect Yakov Belopolsky to commemorate the 80,000 Soviet soldiers who fell in the Battle of Berlin in April–May 1945. It was opened four years after the war ended, on May 8, 1949.

title: Treptower Park


text:
Vivienne Tam

Vivienne Tam (, born 28 November 1957) is a fashion designer based in New York City. She was born in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, and moved to Hong Kong at the age of three. She attended the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

Tam's fashion brand is named after her and is inspired by Chinese culture, design, modern fashion, and east–west fusion. The theme of her first collection was EAST WIND CODE. She authored China Chic, a book in which she explored the ways in which Chinese style meets Western style and described elements of the Chinese culture like her mother's cheongsam that had the most impact on her. She also discussed how Chinese culture intertwined with Western style and influenced her future work. She has worked with Hewlett-Packard on a special Vivienne Tam range of designer netbook computers, such as a version of the HP Mini 1000 and the HP Mini 210. Tam also appeared on dressup site Stardoll where she has her own suite and brand name. She has also designed dresses for the characters in the Animax movie LaMB.

Tam debuted her collaboration with Chinese jewelry brand TSL at her Spring 2013 fashion show.

Early life
Vivienne Tam was born in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. When Tam was three years old, her family left the People's Republic of China and moved to Hong Kong. The experiences of Vivienne's parents as wealthy landowners during Mao Zedong's rule influenced designer's future collections and inspired her to create her signature "MAO" collection. Vivienne discovered her love of fashion at an early age. She was inspired by watching her mother making clothes for her family. By the age of 8, she was making her own outfits and dressing herself and her siblings, even for Lunar New Year. She attended a Catholic school, where she learned English, even though she still spoke Cantonese at home with her family. She then went to study fashion design in Hong Kong Polytechnic University where she received her Higher Diploma in Fashion Design.

Work
After finishing her degree she moved to New York City to launch her business. Her company, East Wind Code, was established in March 1982. (East Wind Code means "good luck and prosperity" in Chinese) Her clothes were being made in Hong Kong, however she had a work space on West 38th Street, NYC. After a decade, she ended up changing the name of her business to "Vivienne Tam" before her first runway show at New York Fashion Week.

The East-West fusion
In the world of fashion, Vivienne Tam is known for her "East meets West" designs. Her life in Hong Kong and family history in China made Tam a "bridge between two cultures." Tam believes that the world is ruled by the yin-yang philosophy, so her collections often reflect this belief, merging the traditional and modern cultures.

Through her works, she wants to spread awareness in the West about the beauty of Chinese culture and national clothing. Vivienne's Tam collections highlight the unique character of Chinese culture. She uses them as a tool to show that Chinese national clothing is not just clothing but also a type of art, creativity, and a reflection of years of history.

Works and collections
Her first few collections were heavily influenced by traditional Chinese prints, fabrics, and designs. Her clothes were popular among fashion-forward women interested in Asian influence designs.

MAO
In 1995, she teamed up with artist Zhang Hongtu for her collection "MAO". Both Vivienne Tam's and Zhang Hongtu's families were denounced by Mao's regime, so their joint collection signifies "a kind of mental therapy," as Zhang puts it. The collection included several portraits of Mao that depicted him in comical light. For example, one of the images "Mao so Young" shows him with pigtails and gingham dress, and another image called "Ow Mao" shows Mao with a bee on his nose. She produced a series of printed t-shirts with these humorous images. Another collection included garments inspired by "Zhongshan suit", also known as the "Mao suit", since Mao regularly wore suits with the similar style. These suits featured black-and-white images of Mao that fully covered the garment. Vivienne Tam regarded this collection as "more serious, symbolizing the positive and negative effects Mao had on the Chinese culture" In the Asian American community this created some controversy as they felt it was in poor taste, since many had died under his power. She even had difficulty finding a manufacturer in Hong Kong that would take the job, and even several minor protests by her store. Despite the controversy in the launching of this collection, some of the pieces became permanent artworks in the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and even in the collections of the Los Angeles's Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising Museum, the Texas Fashion Collection, and New York's Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology.

Year of the Dragon
This following collection was inspired from Asian Culture, and released in Spring of 2001, featuring images of Buddha. She explained that "The Buddha image has always been in the temple, and I wanted to make it more accessible to the people."

Expansion of her business
In 1996, she expanded her clothing empire and created a shoe line for Candie's, and the year after she opened her first store in NYC, then a branch in LA, Tokyo, and Kobe, Japan.

2017 spring collection
In Fall of 2016, Tam debuted her Spring and Summer collection at New York Fashion Week featuring iconic Houston logos. Tam partnered with Visit Houston and Asian Wives Club to promote a new perspective on the city of Houston.

2018 fall/winter collection
In February 2018, Tam presented her Fall/Winter 2018 collection, inspired by a "spiritual journey" through the Himalayas to Tibet, in Gallery I of Spring Studios.

title: Vivienne Tam


text:
Kingdoms (board game)

Kingdoms is a German-style board game for 2-4 players designed by Reiner Knizia and released in 2002 by Fantasy Flight. The game is based on Knizia's original German game Auf Heller und Pfennig, but has been given a Medieval Fantasy theme.

In 2003, Kingdoms won the Origins Award for Best Abstract Board Game of 2002.

Rules
Players take turns drawing tiles from a stack and laying them on an orthogonal grid, representing a kingdom being settled. Tiles can be either resources (with value +1 to +6) or hazards (-1 to -6). The sum of all tile values on a row or column determines the score for that row or column. A special case is the mountain tile, which splits the row and column it occupies into two, so that each section is scored separately.

Players may also play castle tiles, ranked 1 through 4. To score points from a row or column, a player must have a castle there; castles score the points of the row and column they occupy times the rank of the castle. This score may be a negative number. A player has a limited number of castles; castles other than rank 1 cannot be reused.

There are three special tiles, besides the mountain tile mentioned above: the dragon, the gold mine and the wizard. The dragon negates all resources in the row and column it occupies, leaving only the hazards. The gold mine doubles the value of that row and column. And the Wizard raises the castle-level of any adjacent castles by 1.

When the grid has been filled, the round ends, rows and columns are scored and each player earns points. The board is emptied and play continues for three rounds.

Strategy
Players cannot move tiles once they have been placed. They must also play their castle tiles when there are still empty places on the board, else they risk not scoring the best rows and columns. This requires tactical thinking; each player must balance the need to score points with the risk of having their valuable castles negated with a dragon or hazard tile later in the round.

title: Kingdoms (board game)


text:
Talk:Night of the Long Knives (disambiguation)

I added the original night of long knives. I hope someone will write better page for it. -- Joonas

Saddam Hussein had his own. Someone add it, please. I'm too wimpy; html scares me. -- Anonymous Coward

Added the reference to the AC/DC song -- Charky

Shanghai 1927
I seem to remember Chiang Kai-shek's attack on Communists in Shanghai (precipitating the Long March) being called this, but I can't find anything to support it... Can anyone else?--Jack Upland (talk) 09:23, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

Not mentioned
Moved here per WP:DABMENTION Widefox ; talk 15:42, 24 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Night of the Long Knives, the Saturday Night Massacre during the Watergate scandal in 1973


text:
User talk:Zingi

Welcome to wikipedia !

Came across your Sydney Mufamadi page - nice job!

Check out Zimbabwe parliamentary elections, 2005, Zwelinzima Vavi, Congress of South African Trade Unions and Wikipedians/South Africa and the What links here button on the left. If you are interested, say, in the ANC, you can click What links here and find all the other pages that refer to the ANC.

Get stuck in ! Wizzy 12:00, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

Pretoria Meetup
Hello. I noticed you're listed at Wikipedians/South Africa so wanted to make sure you know about the meetup in Pretoria next week. Hope you can make it. :) Angela. 03:08, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)

Child Labour
Well done on all the child labour stuff!

fyi, the code for a redirect page is

 * 1) REDIRECT redirect name here

as the first line of the page - Algebraist 09:31, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Implemented. Zingi

Self-references
Hi. The reasoning for Wikipedia articles not containing references to Wikipedia is as follows: Wikipedia articles are, or should be, geared primarily toward a general encyclopedia reader, not a Wikiepdia editor. It seems inappropriate that a regular encylopedia user would read an article on internet sock puppets and be directed to a Wikipedia policy page for further reference. Plus, remember that our articles are used by a lot of other websites without the Wikipedia name. See Avoid self-references for further info. Regards, Taco Deposit | Talk-o to Taco 17:50, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * I would also like to point out that I did put a link to sockpuppet on Talk:Internet sock puppet on May 17. Talk pages are the appropriate place for these kind of links. Taco Deposit | Talk-o to Taco 17:52, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

Child Labour in Bangladesh
Hi Mate

I'm writing to you to submit a request: To start an article on Child Labour in Bangladesh

The situation is quite bad and has been so for many years now. Those of us born there know that the problem is very wide-spread. Especially in regards to Child domestic work, which is a very common practice in almost all middle and upper class homes in Bangladesh

I'm in complete shock to find no specialised article on this subject. Then again, the attitude in Bangladesh is to find the notion of Child Labour quite normal, especially when it comes to children working in households.

Some of the most common forms of exploitation of children (in the field of employment) are: These areas see the most open and widespread use of child labour, where salary of a child employee would often be 60/70% less than that of an adult
 * Breaking bricks and stones
 * Agriculture
 * Baggage carrying
 * Loading/unloading goods
 * Street Begging
 * Domestic Labour

But I'm by no means a specialist in this subject. Nor am I well linked within Wikipedia. I'm just a part timer. I DO NOT have enough statistical knowledge to start a fair article on this subject.

So if you are a specialist in Child Labour subject, would you please consider starting an article about Child Labour in Bangladesh. The situation (even historically) is so grave that an article in wikipedia is very necessary and would grately improve awareness on this subject worldwide (in my opinion).

I will try and provide you with as much information on this subject as possible, if you require so at any time. Should you not consider starting such article, I would be very grateful if you could point me to the direction of an editor who would and I apologise in advance to have wasted your time.

Thanks you very much in advance. -- Ash sul 23:22, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

Re: Rules of track athletics
I went ahead and merged this into Track and field athletics because if someone were looking for the rules, they would most likely think to look at the article on the larger subject, not for an article simply on the rules. Also, the parent didn't have much content to begin with, so this helped bulk that one up. Please continue to improve your content in its new home. Thanks! --Mblumber (talk) 14:53, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

OK, fair enough. I continued back in the parent. Zingi (talk) 09:09, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

Updating an outdated article
An article that you contributed to substantially, Programme Towards the Elimination of the worst forms of Child Labour seems to be outdated. I want to help fix this beyond simply changing present tenses to past tenses, and I am not sure what to do with speculative information regarding what was then the future but is now the past, for instance, Adoption of the Lesotho APEC is also expected during 2008. Would it be possible for you to bring some of these statements up to date? Thanks! CopaceticThought (talk) 23:57, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Zuma as MP
Hi, it was my understanding that once the president is elected (or inaugurated), they resign as an MP, so Zuma is no longer a MP. Am I wrong? Regards, Zaian (talk) 19:27, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

 * No, on investigation I find that you are right. Section 87 of the South African constitution states: "When elected President, a person ceases to be a member of the National Assembly ..." Technically, however, Zuma was an MP for a few days: from the date upon which the election results were announced and a set number of Parliamentary seats were allocated to the ANC (with Zuma appearing on the ANC list within the number of seats as announced), until he was elected president. Zingi (talk) 18:50, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

Deletion of Zuma_Encrypted_Fax.jpg
Hi Zingi. Regarding the copyright status of this image I am not convinced. A facsimile is simply a copy of another document - which may or may not be copyright. Just because something is faxed does not remove the copyright and it is not clear from the linked copyright legislation that this item is public domain. Unless it is clear that something is PD (or otherwise freely licenced), which in this case may require legal opinion, in general the work is regarded as protected by copyright. This particular version was published by the High Court which may further complicate the copyright. - Peripitus (Talk) 06:22, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

South African Wikimedia Chapter
Hi Zingi :) The idea of setting up a local Wikimedia chapter has been discussed by South African Wikipedians (and those associated with other Wikimedia projects) for some time now, and we want to help turn this dream into a reality.  There are currently over 25 chapters established around the world, and several more planned and being discussed, but so far, none in Africa.  A South African chapter, should it become a reality, would be a continental first. If you're interested in being involved in the creation of a South African Wikimedia Chapter, could you please [mailto:wikipedia@africancommons.org email me] directly.  Thanks and have a great day.  Kaydee 68 (talk) 14:25, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

South African Wikimedia Chapter update and mailing list
Hi there. Local Wikipedians have set up a mailing list where we will be discussing the formation of a local Wikimedia Chapter in South Africa. Please join the mailing list at this url https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikimediaza. There is also a page set up on Meta where you can add your name if you're interested to take this idea forward. Check out http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_South_Africa. Thanks Kaydee 68 (talk) 09:08, 25 June 2010 (UTC)

Inviting you to WikiAfrica Incubator!
Hey Zingi,

WikiAfrica invites you to support the Africa Incubator.

WikiAfrica is pleased to invite you as a self-declared African Wikipedian to evaluate the Africa Incubator. WikiAfrica has created the Africa Incubator to support and assist new authors, as they create their first articles and learn the ins and outs of contributing to Wikipedia.

The Africa Incubator is a ‘soft landing’ for new authors to develop articles that relate to Africa. It assists them in becoming compliant and knowledgeable of Wikipedia principles and rules. Based within the Wikipedia framework, the Africa Incubator is fully interactive and enables feedback, assistance and forums.

This is where we need your help! For the Africa Incubator to be successful, it needs the intervention, interaction and experience of Incubator Mentors. We are looking for a pool of active experienced Wikipedians to consistently participate in ’owning’ the Africa Incubator. Incubator Mentors will assist new comers through the editing process. They will also help test and expand the Africa Incubator, and will play a vital role in encouraging newcomers to be Wikipedians for life

Please visit WikiAfrica Incubator to give us your honest feedback and evaluation. WikiAfrica is a ground-breaking project that is designed to Africanise Wikipedia by generating and expanding 30,000 articles over two years. Find out more about this project here WikiAfrica. To get involved, contact Francis [wikipedian@wikiafrica.net] Twitter: twitter.com/#!/wikiafrica Facebook: www.facebook.com/WikiAfrica --Awinda 13:45, 6 March 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Awinda (talk • contribs)

Call for Wikipedians in Residence in Africa
Hello,

I hope you are well and thriving!! WikiAfrica has just put out a call for two Wikipedians in Residence. One in Cape Town at WikiAfrica, at the Africa Centre; and the other for WikiAfrica Cameroon in Douala, at doual’art. If you are interested, please contact either Marilyn [marilyn.doualabell@undefineddoualart.org] for the WikiAfrica Cameroon call or Isla [islahf@undefinedafricacentre.net] for the WikiAfrica position in Cape Town.

If you are not interested in applying, I would be very grateful if you could spread this call far and wide among your networks to ensure that both projects get excellent candidates. Here is the link for the information page: http://www.wikiafrica.net/two-wikipedians-in-residence-for-africa/

Best regards, Islahaddow

(This message was sent using Lucia Bot at 22:36, 16 November 2012 (UTC))

Disambiguation link notification for December 31
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Jan Steyn, you added links pointing to the disambiguation pages SADC, Anglo American and First National Bank (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 09:10, 31 December 2013 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for January 11
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Jan Steyn, you added links pointing to the disambiguation pages Tswana, Herero and Xhosa (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 09:11, 11 January 2014 (UTC)

Cape Town meetup
Hi Zingi, I just wanted to let you know about, and invite you to, the 4th Cape Town Wiki-meetup at Truth Coffee on Buitenkant St on Sunday the 2nd of February. Thanks, --Discott (talk) 15:41, 26 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Hi Zingi, I just wanted to apologise as I think I did not make it clear enough that we were meeting at the other Truth Coffee at 36 Buitenkant street (close to the District 6 museum) instead of the Truth at the Prestwich Memorial. In the future I will make sure to avoid this confusion.--Discott (talk) 12:48, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
 * If this happens again (as I do plan to organise more events) you can also phone me 079 515 8727.--Discott (talk) 12:51, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Understood. The Prestwich Truth Cafe is on Buitengacht Street - not too dissimilar to Buitenkant Street. So it is best to take care to avoid this type of confusion in future - as you say. I certainly will try to attend the next meet. Having your phone number will certily help! Zingi (talk) 13:07, 2 February 2014 (UTC)

Wikimeetup May 2014
Hi Zingi, Wikimedia ZA would like to invite you to the 5th Cape Town Wiki-meetup for 11am, Sunday the 4th May 2014 at Truth Coffee on 36 Buitenkant Street, Cape Town. It would be great if you could join us. Please invite who ever you think might be interested.--Discott (talk) 18:03, 6 April 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:56, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for July 14
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Longest tennis match records, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Kevin Anderson ([//dispenser.info.tm/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dablinks.py/Longest_tennis_match_records check to confirm] | [//dispenser.info.tm/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dab_solver.py/Longest_tennis_match_records?client=notify fix with Dab solver]). Such links are usually incorrect, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of unrelated topics with similar titles. (Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.)

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 09:16, 14 July 2018 (UTC)

Nomination of Child Labour Programme of Action for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Child Labour Programme of Action is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Child Labour Programme of Action until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Qwirkle (talk) 15:43, 13 August 2018 (UTC)

Nomination for merger of Template:Children used by adults in the commission of crime
Template:Children used by adults in the commission of crime has been nominated for merging with Template:Child abuse. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you. Jamzze (talk) 18:48, 27 June 2021 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Education policy and child labour (South Africa)

The article Education policy and child labour (South Africa) has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Lacks notability"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Iamreallygoodatcheckers (talk) 06:52, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2022 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:27, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2023 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:22, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

"ILO Convention No 192" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ILO_Convention_No_192&redirect=no ILO Convention No 192] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Goldsztajn (talk) 05:03, 3 January 2024 (UTC)

"Convention No 192" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Convention_No_192&redirect=no Convention No 192] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. CycloneYoris talk! 23:17, 15 January 2024 (UTC)

March 2024
Your edit to Cape Town Stadium has been removed in whole or in part, as it appears to have added copyrighted material to Wikipedia without evidence of permission from the copyright holder. If you are the copyright holder, please read Donating copyrighted materials for more information on uploading your material to Wikipedia. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted material, including text or images from print publications or from other websites, without an appropriate and verifiable license. All such contributions will be deleted. You may use external websites or publications as a source of information, but not as a source of content, such as sentences or images—you must write using your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously, and persistent violators of our copyright policy will be blocked from editing. See Copying text from other sources for more information. — Diannaa (talk) 14:49, 7 March 2024 (UTC)

It seems you have deleted a sentence or two in the edit you reference above, although due to the disabling of the (Cur/Prev) links, your edit is not immediately apparent. See my comment to Diannaa at talk under the heading "Your edits to Cape Town Stadium" for further detail. Zingi (talk) 08:32, 11 March 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zingi


text:
Anagrammatic poetry

Anagrammatic poetry is poetry with the constrained form that either each line or each verse is an anagram of all other lines or verses in the poem.

A poet that specializes in anagrams is an anagrammarian.

Writing anagrammatic poetry is a form of a constrained writing similar to writing pangrams or long alliterations.

List of anagrammatic poems

 * Archive of Literary Anagrams: Hundreds of long anagrams of poetic and literary subjects by over 50 contributors, including the longest literary anagram ever created.
 * Eight Poems in the Manner of OuLiPo, by Kevin McFadden
 * Oh Damn! Must I Refrigerate?: Anagrammatic poem by Cory Calhoun of the title and first eight lines of Shakespeare's sonnet "The Marriage of True Minds."
 * Dianagrams and Monica Lewinsky by Pip Eastop
 * Rishi Talks to Katie: a dialogue between two high school students: a text's sentences are rearranged, then its words, then its letters
 * In the French poem Ulcérations by Georges Perec, every line is an anagram of the title.
 * The book Permutation City opens with an anagramatic poem.
 * In the poem Washington Crossing the Delaware by David Shulman (1936), all 14 lines are anagrams of the title.
 * In the online book, ISOTOPES2 by Daniel Zimmerman, each line of the 14 line poems anagrams a 4 x 4 word square.
 * The Uncertainty of the Poet, by Wendy Cope, is a gentle poem that repeatedly shuffles its words.

title: Anagrammatic poetry


text:
DWIM

DWIM (do what I mean) computer systems attempt to anticipate what users intend to do, correcting trivial errors automatically rather than blindly executing users' explicit but potentially incorrect input.

Software
The term was coined by Warren Teitelman in his DWIM package for BBN Lisp, part of his PILOT system, sometime before 1966.

InterLisp
Teitelman's DWIM package "correct[ed] errors automatically or with minor user intervention", similarly to autocorrection for natural language.

Teitelman and his Xerox PARC colleague Larry Masinter later described the philosophy of DWIM in the Interlisp programming environment (the successor of BBN Lisp): Although most users think of DWIM as a single identifiable package, it embodies a pervasive philosophy of user interface design: at the user interface level, system facilities should make reasonable interpretations when given unrecognized input. ...the style of interface used throughout Interlisp allows the user to omit various parameters and have these default to reasonable values...

DWIM is an embodiment of the idea that the user is interacting with an agent who attempts to interpret the user's request from contextual information. Since we want the user to feel that he is conversing with the system, he should not be stopped and forced to correct himself or give additional information in situations where the correction or information is obvious.

Critics of DWIM claimed that it was "tuned to the particular typing mistakes to which Teitelman was prone, and no others" and called it "Do What Teitelman Means" or "Do What Interlisp Means", or even claimed DWIM stood for "Damn Warren's Infernal Machine."

Emacs
The concept of DWIM has been adopted in augmented form within the context of the GNU Emacs text editor to describe the design philosophy of Emacs Lisp functions or commands that attempt to intelligently "do the right thing" depending on context. The Emacs wiki gives the example of a file copy command that is able to deduce the destination path from a split window configuration that contains two dired buffers, one of which displays the source path; this behaviour also generalises to many applicable dired actions that take two directory paths for arguments.

DWIM behaviour, when available, is often mentioned in a command's name; e.g. GNU Emacs has a  function that comments out a selected region if uncommented, or uncomments it when already commented out, while using comment characters and indentation appropriate for the programming language environment and current context.

This kind of DWIM is often not directly concerned with correcting user error but rather guessing user intent from available context. For example, the Emacs Magit package evinces this design philosophy pervasively. Among its numerous diff commands, there is a  command, which requires no further input from the user but simply guesses what the user wants to analyse based on the location of the cursor. The Magit User Manual describes the behaviour of  simply: "Show changes for the thing at point", "point" being the Emacs term for the cursor.

title: DWIM


text:
Code page 857

Code page 857 (CCSID 857) (also known as CP 857, IBM 00857, and OEM 857, MS-DOS Turkish ) is a code page used under DOS in Turkey to write Turkish.

Code page 857 is based on code page 850, but with many changes. It includes all characters from ISO 8859-9.

CCSID 9049 is the euro currency update of code page/CCSID 857, which adds the euro sign at code point D5hex.

FreeDOS code page 30033 (which was previously used for the MIK character set) adds the hryvnia sign instead of the euro sign at code point D5hex.

Character set
Each character is shown with its equivalent Unicode code point. Only the second half of the table (code points 128–255) is shown, the first half (code points 0–127) being the same as code page 850.

{{legend|#FFD|Differences from code page 850}}

title: Code page 857


text:
SSBS S1

The SSBS was a series of French military medium-range ballistic missiles.

Overview
The first series, SSBS S1, was launched between 1965 and 1968. It had a maximum altitude of 500 km, a lift off thrust of 440 kN, total mass of 25,000 kg, a diameter of 1.50 m and a total length of 15.10 m.

title: SSBS S1


text:
Talk:ACID

DBMS Only?
ACID is IMHO a property of transactions in general, not necessarily in the context of DBMS. This should at least be mentioned. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.135.254.161 (talk) 09:19, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

Proposal
I propose that the ACID article, being a disambiguation page, should mention both acid as in acidic chemicals, and also maybe mention that it is a nickname of LSD.

These are all fairly common uses of the word ACID, and thus should be reflected in the article.

I think that the above comment is outdated (as there is an "acid" and not "ACID" disambugation page). Someone please confirm this.

you mean "Acid", this one is about chemicals I think everything's ok as it is..

I agree with the last statement, leave it as it is. When you see uppercase letters in a dictionary or encyclopedia, it means it is an acronym and it stands for something else. I think it is in the correct context.

 * I agree. A disambiguation page should not contain detailed info on one definition.Most of the contents of this page should be moved to ACID (database).
 * —gorgan_almighty 13:24, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

 * This is not the disambiguation page. acid and ACID are two completely different articles.  Wikipedia is case sensitive.  If a user types ACID in all caps, it is most likely that the user is looking for this page. --  k a i n a w ™ 13:24, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

Consistency
If I remember correctly the "Consistency" in ACID refers to the fact that the Database must ensure that the order of the queries must be consistent: The article mentions consistency as "beign compliant with the constraints of the DB". Of course it is!. Constraints of the DB are unrelated with transactions! And of course transactions could not break them!
 * Imagine a transacction A starts on time T
 * Another unrelated query B starts at T+1
 * If the unrelated query B tries to access some of the values beign modified by the A transaction, the database will wait till the transaction to finish, and give the data modified to the B query. If fact, modern databases will run the B query, wait for A, if A affects data readed by B, rollback B and repeat that query again.
 * The result is that if B goes after A, the operations will be always the same, no mather if B was in T+1 when the trasaction A was still running or T+200. The virtual time for all the modifications that the transaction A makes is T, so any T+1 query will see that modifications in place.

 * That is not true. Consistency has nothing to do with the order of transactions.  It has to do with the consistency of the database.  A "consistent state" is a state in which the rules of the database, such as field values, foreign keys, and the like, are all met.  So, if I interleave two transactions and have them run at the same time, the end result is consistent if and only if the database is in a consistent state when each transaction commits. It is not required that it be in an identical state that would result from running one transaction before the other transaction. --  k a i n a w ™ 20:45, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I believe this part can be dropped, the person making the first comment did not quite know what he was talking about in the first place. Transactions are of course related to constraints and of course transactions can break constraints (in some DBMS's) and that is why ACID is not guaranteed in every case, and that is why it was defined and required to be enforced. Yourbane (talk) 11:45, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

Allocated CPU time
"... it may have used up its allocated CPU time." - This doesn't seem to make too much sense. CPU time is not allocated, it's used on demand. - intgr 05:09, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

 * You're assuming a computer/OS can't be designed in a way that does allocate time in that way. You can imagine a company building a renderfarm and rents out computer time that would take advantage of something like that. For a real world example, the wolfram integrator (http://integrals.wolfram.com/index.jsp) is designed to timeout if it performs an integral that takes too long. Just replace the integrator with something that uses transactions and it makes sense. TomJF 04:58, 25 December 2005 (UTC)

If ACID is a property of transactions in the face of concurrency, then Consistency needs to be defined in that context. In particular, offering a transaction a consistent view of the database means protecting the transaction from phantom reads. If a transaction reads data, and then reads the same data again, it should be given the same result as before, barring any updates by the transaction itself. A violation of this law means that the DBMS is giving the transaction a time varying view of the data, and that's not consistent with itself.

This has almost nothing to do with conformance to the constraints defined for the database. The word "consistency" might also be used in that context, but that is not what consistency refers to in the context of ACID transactions. Indeed, ACID transactions can be defined for non-relational systems that employ transactions, and conformance to constraints could be totally different in non-relational systems.

Joe Thursday (talk) 11:11, 1 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Correct me if I'm wrong but this is another 'Implementation' discussion, which I believe has no place in a principle /axiom article, cleanup ? Yourbane (talk) 11:44, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

Disambig
I subst'd the disambig link and changed it to point directly to the disambig. Figured I should mention it here. - Corbin Simpson 18:02, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

ACID -> AID? ACD?
Hi all, I recall reading somewhere that one of the properties (atomic, consistent, isolated, durable) was implied by the others, something like "if a transaction is atomic and consistent then it must have had the appearance of being isolated". Or perhaps if it's A and I then it must appear C. Summat like that anyway, but I never found that quote again, nor anyone saying anything similar. Can anyone clarify? ta - jan Water pepper (talk) 22:54, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

 * They do not imply one another. For example, I can have a transaction that is atomic.  That means that once it starts, it must finish or all the work must be undone.  It can be consistent.  That means that the database must be consistent when the transaction commits.  However, it may not be isolated.  The system may be messy and allow other transactions to access the data that my transaction is working on - changing it midway through.  Here's an example: I want to read A, then read B, and then write the sum to C.  So, it is atomic.  Once I start reading A, I will guarantee that I read B and put the sum it C or I'll undo anything I've done.  It is also consistent.  In the end, C will have a number it in and that meets the requirements of the database.  Now, I read A and it is 5.  Then, I go to read B (which has a 2), but someone sneaks in real quick and changes it to 3.  So, I end up reading a 3.  I put the sum, 8, in C.  For the record, it is durable.  After I commit, that 8 stays in C.  You can see that it met ACD, but did not meet I.  A similar example is possible for every other property. --  k a i n a w ™ 20:51, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Doesn't make sense, sorry. 'Atomic' means a transaction logically happens in one step (or not at all). If it was atomic but other transactions could 'change it midway through' then it's not atomic because 'midway through' implies that the supposedly atomic action could be decomposed into parts between which some outside interference could occur. Even if this interpretation was wrong, the 'Isolated' part should explicity ensure such interference doesn't happen, hence implying Consistent.
 * I believe Durability is irrelevant here; it's a requirement tangential to the rest hence let's ignore it.
 * So I don't buy it. It seems to me AI->C or AC->I and there's a whiff of redundancy. Thinking about it I'm not sure exactly what some of the terms are - Atomic I'm pretty sure about, but Consistent? consistent with what? Isolated? from other transactions but in what sense is this isolation above and beyond that apparently ensure by Atomic alone? I am more sure now of redundancy, but even less sure of what each component of ACI(D) means.
 * One day I'll have time to read Gray & Reuter or Vossen & Weikum, until then, thanks for your feedback
 * Water pepper (talk) 09:13, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * And today's world prize for stupidity goes to me. What do the terms mean? Well, I'll find them in the wiki page which I'm commenting on.
 * Consistency refers to a transaction not violating a DBs constraints. So It's irrelevant to this discussion, leaving only the question of how A & I relate, and whether one implies the other. I now think that when Isolation is defined as "Isolation: Even though transactions execute concurrently, it appers to each transaction, T, that others executed either before T or after T, but not both" - (Gray & Reuter, inside back cover, clearer IMO than the wiki page) I must assume that I implies A at least, and possibly the converse (though less sure).
 * Water pepper (talk) 09:43, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * You are correct that atomic means that all the operations must go through or none at all. It does not, however, refer to the data.  It only refers to the operations.  So, if a transaction is "read the value of A; write the value of A to B;", it only means that both operations will take place.  It does not imply that nothing will occur from another transaction between the read and write functions.  You are making a very common assumption that atomicity implies mutual exclusion - mainly because 90% of the time we combine atomicity with mutual exclusion.  In this case, we only mean atomicity.  In being atomic, this function does not exclude any other transaction from reading or writing to A and B while this transaction is operating.  As far as isolation goes, when this transaction commits, the result of B should be the same as if this transaction ran without any other transactions running.  So, it is completely different than atomicity. --  k a i n a w ™ 22:33, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

 * kainaw, that is a very, very odd interpretation of Atomic, and one I am having trouble buying into. I don't see how one can sustain a view that database actions can be divorced from the data they operate on. The wiki page sez "Atomicity states that database #modifications# must follow an 'all or nothing' rule" - (my ## emphasis). Not #actions# but #modifications#, which imply actions+data. Gray & Reuter's definition of Atomic is "Atomicity: A transaction's changes to the state are atomic: either all happen or none happen. These changes include database changes, messages, and actions on transducers" (Gray & Reuter, inside back cover). It say "changes to the state" which implies data + actions. I don't believe you can separate the two. Anyway, regardless of that I still feel that my core point above, that Isolated implies Atomic, still stands (until someone shows otherwise).Water pepper (talk) 14:54, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Please ask this on the computer science section of WP:RD. I can repeat over and over that in transaction management, atomic means nothing more than "all or nothing".  It means other things in other areas of computer science, but not in transaction management.  Perhaps if you get the same answer repeated by others, you will see that you are reading too much into the definitions you quoted.  They do not claim that data is isolated for each transaction.  The only claim that any modification/state change that is made implies that all modifications/state changes will be made. --  k a i n a w ™ 20:02, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

 * See the line near the end of the article that explains 2PL is normally used to guarantee isolation. It does not say atomicity.  That is because atomicity has to do with the functions.  Isolation has to do with the data. Youth in Asia (talk) 14:06, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

 * 2PC is for distributed transactions. I'm talking about the simpler sort for the moment, the non-distributed bog-standard transaction. And while you're here, can you explain with reference to the above definition by Gray & Reuter of Atomic, which talks explicitly about state changes (ie. *data* changes), how you can claim that atomicity is only about functions (by which I presume you mean operations). Anyway how can you refer to all-or-nothing functions/operations without considering their changeing of some state - after all, without state changes how can the effect of any operation be other than null, always? And if a set of actions A is all-or-nothing on a state but that state is potentially being mutated unpredictably by other processes as A runs then what guarantees can A possibly make? None AFAICS.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.151.135.219 (talk) 15:47, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

 * The quote you gave means exactly what it says. Altering the state means that something has changed in the database, for better or worse.  It does not imply that the state change was intended or even that it the database will remain consistent.  You are assuming correctness and consistency when all that is said is state change. Youth in Asia (talk) 16:45, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

 * (Please see bottom of this discussion thread)Water pepper (talk) 14:57, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

Ah! foolish me! I do believe I've been trolled and totally had! Well the question of whether I -> A  will have to wait for another day and someone knowledgeable. Thanks for the diversion, fruitless though it was. Water pepper (talk) 19:12, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Note that Youth mentioned 2PL. You replied with a comment about 2PC.  2PL is not 2PC.  2PL is an abbreviation for two phase locking.  2PL is used extensively on centralized databases.  In fact, it is used in pretty much every database engine currently being used - especially ones that run on one server in a completely non-distributed environment.  The point of 2PL is to ensure isolation because 2PL guarantees serializability.  In other words, if you use 2PL, you are guaranteed that the result of multiple transactions running at the same time will be the same as at least one serialized ordering of those transactions - which is the definition of isolation.  Youth was pointing out that the article clearly stated that 2PL was used to guarantee isolation, not atomicity.  You replied by thoroughly misunderstanding his statement and then accusing him (and me?) of being a troll and lacking knowledge.  I would be very amazed if anyone will take the time to try and explain this to you further as you have shown how you will respond. --  k a i n a w ™ 22:38, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Yup, my mistake. Then again had he used the phrase that appears in the page rather than the abbreviation, which doesn't, I might not have got confused. But that's just a triviality; I did misunderstand. I recognise what you call 2PL as Simultaneous Lock Acquisition (let's call it SLA) and it most certainly isn't used "in pretty much every database engine currently being used". It isn't used in in MS SQL Server 6.5/7/2000 and I'd be very surprised if it was used in oracle (though I don't know). Basically, full isolation for transactions is done by acquiring locks as they progress and in consequence they deadlock occasionally. Deadlock is detected by scanning the lock WaitFor graph for cycles then aborting & rolling back a transaction. You can, and I have, sometimes force SLA by manual hints but it's rare and only applicable in very simple or special cases. I really, really doubt it happens in general (or is even possible) and I'd question that claim on the wiki page. But back to my original question; now you've established a mechanism for Isolation, does not this isolation imply Atomicity? Because if you have I then apparently you have (the effect of) A, so I->A and so ACID -> CID (and there's still my question as to whether A->I also). Because that's what I've been at all along. But feel free not to answer because by past standards I'm not going to get too much except diversions, and yes, I'm afraid you do appear to be lacking knowledge. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.151.158.196 (talk) 00:30, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

 * (paragraph removed)Water pepper (talk) 14:57, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Kainaw responded privately and in detail. It is clear that he knows the subject in much greater depth than I do, or than I gave him credit for. I take back everything I said here that stated or implied otherwise.Water pepper (talk) 14:57, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

 * That's well and good, but it would have been nice for either one of you to share the highlights of this private conversation, as the comments here do not provide a convincing case that any one of the components of ACID do not imply the other. I am not saying that any one component does imply the other, only that the discussion here does a poor job of defending the claim that there is no implication, and such an explanation is necessary since the above claim that there is an implication does sound plausible without closer inspection. I will provide some examples. I apologize that I'm not used to this doing this on Wikepedia and so the following is just a series of semi-colon delimited actions. A does not imply I: Assume transactions T1 and T2 are both attempting the same operation of reading M, writing M+1, reading N, writing N+5, where M equals 3 and N equals 10 before executing T1 and T2, and that our implementation guarantees A but not I; normally we expect that executing both transactions should result in a net M+2=5 and N+10=20; if A and not I, then we do not even need to pay attention to what is happening to M and we can prove I to be violated by watching only N (M is used below for other logic), and we could have the following use case (T1 reads N (10), T2 reads N (10) (violates I but not A), T1 adds - 10+5 = 15, T2 adds - 10+5 = 15 (violates I but not A), T1 writes N=15, T2 writes N=15 (does not violate A); both transactions commit successfully; the fact that we assert that the implementation enforces A is irrelevant in this specific use case since both transactions did complete successfully, but we assert it nonetheless, and indeed each transaction Tn was atomic; I was violated. A does not imply I. Next, I does not imply A: assume the same scenario we used for A does not imply I, except that we are using an implementation which guarantees I but does not guarantee A this time; if I and not A, then we could have the following use case (T1 reads M (3), T2 tries to read M but cannot because that would violate I so instead it waits, T1 adds to M - 3+1 = 4, T1 writes M = 4 successfully, T1 reads N but fails, T1 aborts but M=4 persists since we have not guaranteed A, now T2 is allowed to proceed and reads M (4), adds M - 4+1=5, writes M=5 successfully, reads N (10, because T1 did not successfully add to N), adds N - 10+5=15, writes N=15 successfully. We are left with a state of M=5, N=15 instead of M=5, N=20, and we don't have the M=4, N=15 we would normally expect if 1 of the transactions succeeded and the other failed. I was successfully guaranteed but A was not, therefore I does not imply A. Next, C and I does not imply A - for this one assume same situation as before except we also have a value X which equals 25 before T1 and T2 and there is a rule that M+N<X, and our implementation guarantees I and C but not A: I refer back to the same proof for "I does not imply A" and, from that use case we can trivially see that I is enforced by the same logic; and since M+N = 20, 20 < 25, C is also enforced (the transaction is not aborted because of C, so our C guarantee is upheld); and again referring back to "I does not imply A" we can see that, by the same logic, A is not enforced in this situation; therefore, I and C were enforced but A was not, therefore, I and C does not imply A. Next, A and C does not imply I; assume the same initial schema, values, and transaction actions as above, except this time our implementation guarantees A and C but not I; we have the following use case, (T1 reads M (3), T2 reads M (3) [this is allowed because I is not guaranteed], T1 adds - 3+1=4, T2 adds - 3+1=4, T1 writes M=4, T2 writes M=4, T1 reads N (10), T1 adds - 10+5=15, T1 writes N=15 successfully, T2 reads N (15), T2 adds - 15+5=20, T2 writes N=20 successfully; on every successful write the rule M+NI, I-/->A, IC-/->A, AC-/->I. This is getting long enough and taking long enough that I will forego discussing D. -Aaron  67.246.97.194 (talk) 15:42, 24 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Same question as for other parts, can we delete/drop/summarize some of the old discussions here in order to make the talk page more usable ? Yourbane (talk) 11:42, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

Databases That Conform To ACID Principles?
Should there be a list near the end of the article of products that conform? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.215.25.240 (talk) 06:16, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

 * The list would be much longer than the article itself. It would be rather pointless. --  k a i n a w ™ 20:47, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I doubt this. There are few databases out there that are truly ACID compliant, and even less that have any significant presence in the RDBMS space.  In fact I think the list would consist entirely of Oracle, MSSQL, PostGreSQL, and Sybase.  PostGreSQL would be debatable on the presence/penetration side as well.  Many databases claim to be ACID compliant but in fact are not, such as MySQL. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.9.86.65 (talk)

 * Honestly, that barely scratches the surface of ACID databases; off the top of my head I can recall Berkeley DB, SQLite, Ingres, Firebird. PostgreSQL is no small player anymore. And yes, MySQL's InnoDB storage engine is ACID; what sources do you have to claim otherwise? -- intgr [talk] 08:09, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

 * MySQL is a funny one. People who want to claim it is a tiny petty little thing ONLY consider the non-InnoDB version to justify their claims.  Then, when you point out that the InooDB version of MySQL is ACID compliant, has foreign keys, and all that stuff, they say "Oh, I wasn't talking about that." --  k a i n a w ™ 13:17, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

 * It's much funnier than that, InnoDB IS NOT ACID COMPLIANT... and anyone pretending the opposite neads to either learn more about how InnoDB handles triggers/ keys / cascades or learn what exactly is ACID. Yourbane (talk) 11:41, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

 * If that's true, fix the InnoDB wikipedia page (or at least bring it up on the talk page there). 67.207.113.90 (talk) 20:35, 16 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Just curious whether recent document/JSON no-SQL databases like MongoDB and CouchDB are ACID. David Spector (talk) 11:34, 14 August 2018 (UTC)

Network environment
I have removed the following sentence altogether:

''It is difficult to guarantee ACID properties in a network environment. Network connections might fail, or two users might want to use the same part of the database at the same time.''

It is definitely a complex matter to implement transactions in a DBMS. If database queries are arriving via a network, or via applications running on the same computer, makes little fundamental difference. I wonder if the original author was thinking of distributed or replicated data. The following sentence mentioned two phase commit would suggest that. If so, the sentence should talk about distributed data, not a vague "network environment". If my assumption is correct, it would be better to expand the discussion of two phase commit a little rather than bring back the sentence I've deleted.

Paul Foxworthy (talk) 03:54, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Correct. I wrote that after working on information for federated databases.  By "network environment", I am not referring to a single database with network capabilities.  I am referring to a "database" spread over a network in multiple repositories. --  k a i n a w ™ 11:45, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I re-added and hopefully clarified the statement so that it's not ambiguous anymore. It's an quick introduction to distributed transactions so I personally find it appropriate. Does this sound good to you? -- intgr [talk] 12:51, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Two phase commit is not sufhichent to solve this problime. See Two_Generals'_Problem and Byzantine_fault_tolerance. It is my understanding the the only way for more then one node to agree on a state is the Paxos_algorithm thou there are ways even in a distributed environment use a single nodes to get simmeler effects. For instance you could put transaction numbers on all your records keeping one copy of the record for each transaction then have a single node that tracks the current transaction. In this way you can atomically update the data on all nodes ( if operations are ordered correctly ) with out the need for distrubeted consensus. Sorta MVCC for clusters. ( Sorry about the spelling. Spell check in google chorme sucks and so dose my spelling.)Wikiwikimoore (talk) 22:03, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

 * You are drifting from distributed databases to distributed database administration. Two-phase commit handles the problem of having one transaction commit while another is attempting to commit and causing a problem.  It has nothing to do with how the administration is structured.  It could be a single centralized administration that gives permission to commit to one transaction at a time.  If you go into distributed administration, then you need to figure out how to manage who can commit and when.  Quorum is a simple solution to the problem which is rather fault tolerant - and it even handles the Byzantine problem if the consensus is higher than 1. --  k a i n a w ™ 05:24, 12 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Would it not be reasonable to drop all information related to "two-phase commit" as it's merely one solution enabling ACID, rather than a principle inherent to ACID ? Looks to me as specialized as the information on 'this dbms' or 'that dbms' or WAL or ... Implementations are interesting but overall irrelevant to the ACID principles. Yourbane (talk) 11:39, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

Relaxing the isolation property?
"One implementation relaxes the isolation property..." Does it really? From reading the page on snapshot isolation, it sounds as if the isolation requirement is not loosened at all. Snapshot isolation is just a means of implementing isolation without forcing total serialization. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.238.213.117 (talk) 19:26, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

Integrity constraint enforcement
The article states that: "In the previous example, one rule was a requirement that A + B = 100; most database systems would not allow such a rule to be specified, and so would have no responsibility to enforce it." This is not true. While MySQL cannot enforce check constraints, PostgreSQL, Oracle Database, and Microsoft SQL Server all can. Under PostgreSQL, with the following table definition: attempting to insert a row in violation of the A + B = 100 constraint results in an error:

INSERT INTO acidtest VALUES (10, 10); ERROR: new row for relation "acidtest" violates check constraint "sum"

What should be done with this statement in the article? D RAGON 280 ( T ALK / C ONTRIBS ) 12:43, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

 * I suggest going back to a much earlier version that explains how that validation rule is either met or the update is reverted. Right now, someone has decided that it is more important to express limited knowledge of databases than to explain the concepts of ACID. -- k a i n a w ™ 12:49, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I've restored the content in "Consistency failure" before [ this edit]. I'll clean it up later.  D RAGON 280  ( T ALK / C ONTRIBS ) 17:32, 30 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Even SQLite honors the check constraint:

D RAGON 280 ( T ALK / C ONTRIBS ) 17:59, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

I believe this is definitely better, we're talking ACID, not 'whatever dbms you wanna talk about' and that's clear, is it possible to remove old discussions on which consensus has clearly been reached ? or move them to a history section ? Yourbane (talk) 11:36, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

Write ahead logging
The term write ahead logging is used, but pre image logging is described. WAL writes the new (changed) data to a logfile which is copied to the database after the last previous read transaction ends. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.152.157.50 (talk) 07:43, 25 January 2013 (UTC)

Error in example?
The main page gives this example: and says that if 10 is subtracted from A, then at that point the check constraint is false. As there is no comma in the example before the word CHECK, the constraint is a column constraint, and I don't believe it's legal to reference another column. (The example doesn't reference any SQL standard.) If a comma is inserted, it becomes a table constraint, and therefore any attempt to change A without also changing B would fail. Therefore, I don't think the example illustrates what it was intended to. To my knowledge, check constraints are always in force (unless something is done to turn them off), and I don't think transaction management of any kind is required to help them do their job. Rochkind (talk) 16:16, 9 May 2013 (UTC)

See Also suggestion
Seems like this tree is a bush--an article about 'transactions' could also reference 'structure'. Both ACID and Database normalization seem to be on par meta-concepts. Xtian~enwiki (talk) 19:04, 14 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:ACID


text:
Talk:Kumarakom

Untitled
Does anybody know if the birds in Kumarakom are migratory?. If they are, what are some of their    names and seasons.

boating
kumarakom is absolutely beautiful.I went for house boating and boy it was great!!!!

coconut creek kumarakom homestay and kumarakom houseboat offers budget stay in kumarakom and kumarakom backwater houseboat cruise in beautiful vembanad lake !!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.140.168.140 (talk) 10:54, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

Hyacinth
Water hyacinth has taken over Vembanad lake and the surrounding canals. It has become a big menace by clogging the waterways, obstructing free movement of boats and depriving the tourists of a nice view. Hyacinth also affects fish growth, water movement and environmental quality. Government of Kerala should take appropriate action to clear the waters of Hyacinth.Kumarrao (talk) 06:48, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kumarakom