text:
Clea Strange

Clea Strange is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, Clea first appeared in the Doctor Strange feature in Strange Tales #126 (November 1964). She is a sorceress, the disciple, lover, and eventual wife of Doctor Stephen Strange, and his third successor as Sorcerer Supreme.

Clea is a human-appearing being and maternally related to the other-dimensional Faltine race of energy beings. The daughter of Umar and niece of the demonic tyrant Dormammu, Clea has been, sporadically, ruler of the Dark Dimension, the mystical realm to which Dormammu had been banished and that he subsequently conquered. In 2022, she made her live-action debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness, portrayed by Charlize Theron.

Publication history
The character was introduced during a story arc in which Doctor Strange confronted Dormammu for the first time. Clea remained nameless for several issues, referred to only as the "captive female" or the "mysterious silver-haired girl". It was later noted that her father is Dormammu's closest disciple. Her name was revealed two years later.

Initially, nothing indicates that Clea and Umar are related or know each other. Dormammu's sister mimics her brother's tactics and goes after Clea as a way of hurting Strange. Later, it was revealed that Umar was her mother and that her father was Orini, a disciple of Dormammu and ruler of the Dark Dimension.

In 2004, Clea appeared in the Witches series along with Jennifer Kale, Satana, and Topaz.

Brian Michael Bendis has described Clea as: "… the mistress of the Dark Dimension and … Strange's ex-girlfriend/wife. She was trained by Strange, right there in his home. She was his prized pupil. She was to Strange what he was to the Ancient One [Strange's instructor in the mystic arts]. But as Mistress of the Dark Dimension, she hasn't been on this plane of existence a lot lately. And who's going to take her serious [sic] in those pants?"

Following the 2021 "Death of Doctor Strange" event, Clea becomes the official Sorcerer Supreme in her own solo series, Strange, written by Jed MacKay.

Fictional character biography
Clea observed Doctor Strange in the Dark Dimension and was impressed by his courage. She warned Strange against facing Dormammu, and Dormammu punished her for her betrayal. Strange forced him to release her. She became Strange's only ally in the Dark Dimension and soon became a captive of her uncle.

Umar took Clea hostage and nearly killed her. The Ancient One sent Clea into a pocket dimension to save her from Umar. Clea was found and freed by Doctor Strange, and went to live on Earth with him.

Clea was later captured by Silver Dagger. Doctor Strange's spirit cohabited in her body so that they could defeat Silver Dagger. Umar then attacked Clea on Earth, and Clea battled her.

Clea helped save herself from being sacrificed by Dormammu and came to believe Morganna Blessing loved Strange more than she did. Clea and Strange later helped lead a rebellion in the Dark Dimension. Clea discovered that Umar was her mother, and Clea defeated Umar in a mystic battle. Clea revealed to the inhabitants of the Dark Dimension that her mother didn't care for her subjects at all and was willing to endanger them to defeat Clea. The population became convinced that Clea should be the ruler and the "Flames of Regency" appeared on Clea's head. The Flames of Regency made Clea powerful enough to defeat and banish Umar and her father Orini from the Dark Dimension, and Clea took the throne of the Dark Dimension.

Clea and Strange exchanged vows and became one according to the laws of the Dark Dimension. Several months later, Dormammu returned to the Dark Dimension and claimed the throne again. Clea was held hostage to lure in Doctor Strange, but Strange and Clea managed to escape Dormammu and arrived near Umar. Umar tried to kill Strange but found out that her spells hurt both Clea and Strange. Clea revealed to her mother that she had married Strange. Umar confessed that she didn't want to hurt her daughter and assisted Doctor Strange and Clea in defeating Dormammu. Umar and her new lover Baron Mordo claimed rulership over the Dark Dimension but promised Clea that they would not abuse their powers. Clea reluctantly agreed and returned to Earth with Strange.

Sometime later, the Faltinean Flyx appeared to her and told her that Umar and Mordo betrayed her trust. Clea and Flyx gathered an army to defeat Umar and Mordo, but Flyx revealed himself to be Dormammu in disguise. He absorbed the powers of Umar and Mordo and Clea remained in the Dark Dimension as leader of the resistance against Dormammu.

Doctor Strange told the Illuminati of how Clea left him to lead the rebellion in the Dark Dimension.

Clea returns and it is revealed that she has been hiding out in Odin's hall thanks to Valkyrie, who comes to ask a favor of her to restore the recently deceased Annabelle Riggs to life. After performing a spell to resurrect her, which causes Annabelle and Valkyrie to share a body, Clea leaves with them to possibly join the Defenders team.

During the "Death of Doctor Strange" storyline, Clea falls from a portal in the sky and is caught by a temporal remnant of Doctor Strange. Wong briefs her on what happened to Doctor Strange. Clea states that inter-dimensional warlords like Aggamon, Dagoth, Tiboro, and Umar are fleeing from the Three Mothers. When the Three Mothers arrive, Clea witnesses the Avengers' disastrous fight with them before the Three Mothers retreat vowing to come back for them later. Strange, Wong and Clea team up to defeat the Three Mothers, though Strange dies and bequeaths the title of Sorcerer Supreme to Clea. Doctor Doom arrives at the Sanctum and demands to know how Clea has become the Sorcerer Supreme through unconventional means, though Clea refuses to reveal the information. Against Wong's advice, Clea attempts to resurrect Strange.

Powers and abilities
Clea is the Sorceress Supreme of the Dark Dimension, possessing vast powers involving the manipulation of the forces of magic for a variety of effects. She has exhibited such abilities as transmutation, forming and throwing magical bolts of concussive energy, magically constructed animate beings, conjuring objects and energies, teleporting, telekinesis, levitation, mesmerism, thought-casting, controlling others' minds, casting illusions, and the tapping of extra-dimensional energy by invoking entities or objects of power existing in dimensions tangential to Earth's through the recitation of spells. Presumably, she is capable of replicating any spell performed by her former mentor, Doctor Strange. As she is descended from the Faltine race of beings, it is suggested that she can generate her own mystical energy, like Umar and Dormammu, and draw upon it to fuel her magic. She also possesses greater strength and body density than that of a normal Earth human. Her age is indeterminate and the rate at which she ages is unknown since she has lived for centuries but has the form and demeanour of a twenty-year-old woman. Clea has defeated the Enchantress in single magical combat, and armed with the Flames of Regency, at the peak of her magical abilities, even rivaled her mother Umar in raw power.

Clea possesses a vast knowledge of magical lore through extensive studies of sorcery under Doctor Strange, who also trained her in hand-to-hand combat.

Accolades

 * In 2019, CBR.com ranked Clea 12th in their "21 Most Powerful Sorcerer Supreme Candidates" list.
 * In 2020, Scary Mommy included Clea in their "195+ Marvel Female Characters Are Truly Heroic" list.
 * In 2021, Looper included Clea in their "Marvel's Most Powerful Magic Users" list.
 * In 2022, Screen Rant included Clea in their "15 Most Powerful Marvel Magic Users (Who Aren't Doctor Strange)" list.
 * In 2022, CBR.com ranked Clea 3rd in their "10 Best Sorcerer Supremes" list and included her in their "10 Important Steve Ditko Creations For Marvel Besides Spider-Man" list.

Strange – 2022
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Strange #1 was the 7th best-selling comic book in March 2022.

Bishop V Navarro of WomenWriteAboutComics stated, "Strange #1 is an excellent start to a highly-promising title. Clea is a compelling character that doesn't feel one-dimensional–her near-arrogance is infectious and it's exciting to see her shut down Doctor Doom and leap into action. Near the end, she narrates her feelings about the loss of Stephen and how her origins as a Faltine from the Dark Dimension affect her desires to get him back. Although narration is no rare thing in comics, this one feels especially emphatic. This speech is her thesis statement and her oath, and her strong voice helps make her a stand-out character for Marvel." Hannah Rose of CBR.com wrote, "Grief and death are big topics in this issue, for both the protagonist and antagonist. While the big overarching threat is the survival of the world in the wake of the loss of their magical hero, both the hero and the villain are using Doctor Strange's role to cope with or deny his death. Under the veneer of gratuitous gore, explosions, and brutal spells, Strange #1 sets up a story arc with a surprisingly mature take on death and acceptance. Although it can careen straight into edge-lord territory, Strange #1 is an otherwise strong start to a far darker take on the Sorcerer Supreme and the power of love in the face of grief." Spencer Perry of ComicBook.com gave Strange #1 a grade of 4 out of 5, writing, "Jed MacKay and Marcelo Ferreira's new Strange series begins with a bang, literally, at least one on the door. The surprise that this creative team brings to the threshold of the Sanctum Sanctorum in these first pages cements this new series' place quite firmly in the Marvel Universe while also ensuring that we readers realize, "well, anything goes here, huh?". Readers that might not have dug into the "Death of Doctor Strange" event need not worry though as every piece of context you'll need is here, and it seems like there's a lot of unique decisions at play in Marvel Comics' Strange." Darby Harn of Screen Rant included the Strange comic book series in their "10 Best Clea Comics To Read After Doctor Strange In The Multiverse Of Madness" list, asserting, "Doctor Strange's death left a major void in the Marvel Universe. Strange #1 ranks as one of Clea's best comics as she completes her journey as the disciple of Strange and becomes Sorcerer Supreme. She wields all the power, knowledge, and experience of her realm and Earth-616. Clea's immediate future remains unclear in the comics as she navigates a strange new world. This ascension for Clea potentially manifests in the MCU down the road, though the MCU Clea already seems to possess great power and skill."

Other versions

 * Clea of Earth-311 appears in Marvel 1602 as the wife of English court physician Dr Stephen Strange until his death, after which she returns to her world.
 * Clea of Earth-X appears in the eponymous miniseries. This version is the lover of Loki, who helped her become Sorceress Supreme until Bruce Banner discovers what happened, leading to her being taken away by Thor and imprisoned in Asgard.
 * Clea of an unspecified Earth appears in Strange (2005) as a babysitter for Doctor Strange.
 * Clea of Earth-1610 appears in the Ultimate Marvel imprint as the ex-wife of Stephen Strange and mother of Stephen Strange Jr., whom she worked to keep away from magic, who lacks a magical background herself.

Television
Clea makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in the X-Men: The Animated Series episode "Nightcrawler".

Film

 * A character loosely based on Clea named Clea Lake appears in Dr. Strange, portrayed by Eddie Benton. This version is a patient of Doctor Strange who possesses no magical powers.
 * Clea makes a cameo appearance in the mid-credits scene of Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022), portrayed by Charlize Theron.

Video games

 * Clea appears as a non-playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, voiced by Marabina Jaimes.
 * Clea appears in Marvel Heroes, voiced by Kari Wahlgren.
 * Clea appears as a playable character in Marvel: Future Fight.
 * Clea appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2.

title: Clea Strange


text:
Category:Satellite radio

Companies and other topics related to satellite radio

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Satellite radio


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Boilerplate text

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. Cool Hand Luke  07:27, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Boilerplate text
This page is not maintained; it should be deleted and anything not listed on Template messages should be added there (or other pages as appropriate). The latter is more comprehensive, is divided by subject, and is actively being maintained. -- Beland 05:51, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Information is still useful, and it's a lot easier to navigate than WP:TM. I've used it. Foobaz · ✐  06:31, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The information is still relevant and simple to navigate as mentioned above. It's a good resource for new Wikipedians who are learning their way around. Arkyan 07:11, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I used it yesterday... Nick04 09:57, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge Template messages with this. This is what the help file links to, and I always use this one. --Kitch 21:00, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but as a summary card for Template messages - ie only refer to the approved Message codes. Consider renaming as Template messages: summary Scottkeir 23:40, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I'm a newbie and find it helpful in learning all the new information. Graniterock 04:38, Mar 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but make clear that this is an introduction to the concept of boilerplate text with a few examples of some of the most common/useful and that the full up to date reference is at WP:TM. - Drstuey 12:14, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and merge with redirect (weak) 64.50.192.206 01:11, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is on my "vital links" page. — Asbestos | Talk  16:39, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Dan Bouchard

Daniel Hector Bouchard  (born December 12, 1950) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Atlanta Flames, Calgary Flames, Quebec Nordiques, and original Winnipeg Jets.

Career
Bouchard played in the 1962 and 1963 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with his LaSalle youth team. As a junior, Bouchard backstopped the Sorel Black Hawks to the 1969 Memorial Cup. Bouchard was drafted by the Boston Bruins in 1970, and after two years in the American Hockey League, made his NHL debut in 1972–73 after the Flames claimed him in the 1972 NHL Expansion Draft. After eight seasons in Atlanta, the Flames franchise relocated to Calgary, Alberta in the summer of 1980. Halfway through the 1980–81 season, Bouchard was traded to the Quebec Nordiques for Jamie Hislop; at the time of the trade, Bouchard was the last original Atlanta Flames player still with the organization. He then led Quebec to their first playoff appearance since the 1979 NHL–WHA merger.

The following season was a magical one as the Nordiques lost in the Wales Conference Final to the defending champion New York Islanders, who would go on to win their third straight Stanley Cup. Along the way, Quebec disposed of the Montreal Canadiens, their most bitter rival, and then Boston in a pair of thrilling series. Each went down to the wire in the final game, but Quebec held on to win. In the 1985–86 season he was traded to the Winnipeg Jets, where he left the NHL after losing in the opening round to the Calgary Flames. He played 7 games for HC Fribourg-Gottéron in the 1986–87 season before a knee injury forced his retirement.

Current life
Bouchard currently lives in Atlanta, Georgia, where he privately trains goalies and serves as the head goalie coach at The Cooler for the Atlanta Fire Team.

title: Dan Bouchard


text:
User talk:Klestrob44

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 05:52, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. You might want to review Neutral point of view regarding your recent edits to Yoplait. Best wishes.

Out Hud
Thanks for creating the article! I was gonna do it myself, but you did it earlier. Such an amazing band without an article is a crime :-) -- claviola (talk to me) 01:00, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Final Fantasy VII
Klestrob44, I noticed that a few months ago you left a message on the Talk:Final Fantasy VII page regarding the explosion of non-playable characters in the list on the FF7 page. There's currently an ongoing debate on that page about just that, and, at the moment, it's more or less restricted to myself and the person responsible. I was wondering, if you're still interested in the subject, if you'd want to drop on by and make your voice heard. If not, then just forget I bothered you :-) – Seancdaug 13:14, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for fixing the Filthy page
You made my words sound semi-coherent!

VFD on cheese
don't you think it's abit presumtuous to presume that the cheese article can't be saved?--152.163.100.14 22:57, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Out Hud pic
Eh, I just found it and hope it qualifies under fair use. ;) It is a nice picture though, and I'm going to put up sound samples soon. Nice job on getting the page started, it was long overdue. :) -Hn 04:01, August 14, 2005 (UTC)

SuperShadow VfD
Greetings: pawing through the SuperShadow edit history, I noticed you've edited the page in question before. I thought you'd want to know it is now the subject of a Vote for Deletion, at Articles for deletion/SuperShadow. If you want, you could stop in there and cast a vote. --Maru 22:09, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:NY Flash Mob.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:NY Flash Mob.JPG. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, ie in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use .)  See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by going to "Your contributions" from your user page and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much. --Simon Shek 05:24, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Yoplaitcontainer.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Yoplaitcontainer.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Admrboltz (T | C) 18:37, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

TIME image for Arcade Fire on TIME cover
Hi Klestrob44, could you place some more appropriate fair use rationale criteria onto the image Image:Arcade Fire on TIME Cover.jpg? - Ta bu shi da yu 12:27, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:DPL Central Branch.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:DPL Central Branch.JPG. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 23:44, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Arcade Fire on TIME Cover.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Arcade Fire on TIME Cover.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 12:03, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:American Eagle Logo.JPG)
Thanks for uploading Image:American Eagle Logo.JPG. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 12:05, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (File:FFVII cutscene aeris.jpg)
Thanks for uploading File:FFVII cutscene aeris.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 05:03, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Klestrob44! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 20:54, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) The Filthy Critic -

Orphaned non-free image File:DPL Logo.JPG
 Thanks for uploading File:DPL Logo.JPG. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk ) 04:53, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:55, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Blue Ox (energy drink) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Blue Ox (energy drink) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Blue Ox (energy drink) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Boomer VialHolla! We gonna ball! 08:23, 16 March 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Klestrob44


text:
Battle (disambiguation)

Generally, a battle is a combat in warfare between two or more parties.

Battle or battles may also refer to:

Military

 * Battle (formation), a military formation or subdivision of troops
 * Battle-class destroyer, a class of 26 destroyers of the Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy
 * Fairey Battle, a light bomber of the Royal Air Force built by Fairey Aviation in the late 1930s
 * List of battles, a partial list of battles that have entries in Wikipedia

Places

 * Battle, East Sussex, England
 * Battle, Powys, Wales
 * Battle, Reading, England
 * Battle, Wyoming, United States
 * Battle Harbour, Newfoundland, Canada

Music

 * Battles (band), an experimental rock band featuring Ian Williams and John Stanier
 * Battle (South Korean band), a Korean boy band
 * Battle (UK band), an indie rock band from Surrey, England
 * The Battle (George Jones album), a 1976 country music album by George Jones
 * The Battle (Allen-Lande album), a power metal album by Symphony X vocalist Russell Allen and Masterplan vocalist Jørn Lande
 * Battles (album), a 2016 album by metal band In Flames
 * "Battle" (song), a 2000 song by Wookie
 * "The Battle" (George Jones song), 1976
 * "Battles" (La'Porsha Renae song)
 * "Battles", a song by The Afters from their album Live On Forever
 * "Battle", a song by Blur from their album 13
 * "Battle", a song by Colbie Caillat from her album Coco
 * "Battle", a song by Patrick Wolf from his album The Bachelor
 * "The Battle", a song by Strawbs from their debut album Strawbs
 * "Battle", an instrumental song by Wolfstone from their EP Burning Horizons
 * "the battell", part of the 1591 collection of keyboard pieces My Ladye Nevells Booke by William Byrd

Film, television and written fiction

 * Battle (2018 film), directed by Katarina Launing
 * "Battles" (Spaced), a 1999 television episode
 * "The Battle" (Star Trek: The Next Generation), a Season 1 episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation
 * The Battle (1911 film), directed by D.W. Griffith
 * The Battle (1923 film), directed by Sessue Hayakawa and Édouard-Émile Violet
 * The Battle (1934 film), also known as Thunder in the East
 * The Battle (Rambaud novel), 1997 French novel La Bataille by Patrick Rambaud; winner of that year's Prix Goncourt
 * The Battle (Kluge novel), 1964 German novel Schlachtbeschreibung

Other fields

 * Battle (surname), a list of persons with the surname Battle or Battles
 * Battle.net, an online gaming service
 * The Battle (boxing), a WBA welterweight title bout between Miguel Cotto and Antonio Margarito
 * Freestyle battle, a contest in which two or more rappers compete or battle each other using freestyle rap

title: Battle (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Temtem

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 05:54, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

sign your posts please
Hi, Please don't forgot to sign posts on Talk pages; it makes following who said what easier. The easiest way to do this is to type a tilde (~) four times. The system substitutes your username and the current date and time. Thanks. -- Viajero 22:11, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll be sure to do that. -- Temtem 23:09, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Silveira v. Lockyer
Thanks. Nicely summed up page. Wodan 14:48, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

Hypocrisy
No, I'm not really watching it. I got busy adding a whole bunch of new pages in a completely different area. What are we going to do about that guy? Jgardner 20:35, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright
Hey, your image Mark of the Beast was copyrighted; I posted it to Copyright_problems. It's based on this image: http://www.revelationillustrated.com/gallery/image20.htm. Did you have permission? Robojames 17:25, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

Thanks.
Thanks for the notice. -- BD2412 talk 23:12, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

Anti-Protestantism
replied to your comment in the talk page --Darkfred 11:47, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Beeswarm1.jpg
Hi, I noticed you marked my image "Beeswarm1.jpg" for deletion due to missing copyright information. This is actually an image I took myself, but I haven't figured out how to enter the information.

 * I've added copyright information. Is this enough to prevent deletion? --Temtem 02:39, August 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, absolutely. The text of the unverified message used to be more polite and thorough, asking for more information about the image source and copyright status.  Tagging the message as you did is exactly the action required.  Awesome photo, thanks for the contribution.  --ChrisRuvolo (t) 15:05, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Popeantichrist.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Popeantichrist.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know on the image description page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Otherwise, see Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. Thanks so much. --Secretlondon 18:32, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Lockyer2.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Lockyer2.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. cohesion ★ talk 01:33, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Chicken mix.jpeg
Thanks for uploading Image:Chicken mix.jpeg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 14:55, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Chicken Reel
''Created and worked on a few minor articles on topics I found interesting but weren't listed on Wikipedia, Chicken reel most recently for example. ''

I "worked on" the Chicken Reel article, thanks for listing it in the first place, it inspired me to go find out what more I could find about it. :) --BigCow 00:33, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Mister donut.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Mister donut.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 00:18, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Pelogo.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Pelogo.JPG. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:42, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Twiki3.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Twiki3.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 11:14, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Weihenstephan.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Weihenstephan.JPG. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:42, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Temtem


text:
Talk:Difficulty level

Less common?
The introductory graph says, "This practice has become less common in more modern games, which often include many tasks of varying difficulty within a single game." Is this true? In my experience most games till ask the user up front what difficulty level they would like to play at. I would agree that some games no longer use explicit difficulty levels, but I'd wager that the majority still do [especially in FPSers and RTSes]. BrokenSegue 05:54, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Japanese Video Game Difficulties
Sometimes video game difficulties in Japanese video games such as Super Mario Brothers 2 and the Tetris Grandmaster series may have extreme difficulty levels to the concern that it would frustrate common American gamers. This possibly causes them not to distribute such game to the US afterwards.

This is not stated in this article, but is this a fact?

What makes you think they couldn't remove the extreme difficulty levels?

 * I don't think that there would be any problem with that. Why ask? --Darx21 (talk) 04:58, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

UserBoxes! (Difficulty)
--DrunkCat 15:09, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

title: Talk:Difficulty level


text:
User talk:Emersonbiggins85

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 05:54, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Ardmore1.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Ardmore1.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Stan 04:15, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Sulphurok1.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Sulphurok1.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact Carnildo or ask for help at Wikipedia talk:Image copyright tags. Thank you.

Image Tagging Image:Ardmore2.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Ardmore2.jpg. The image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, contact Carnildo.

Image:Okstate seal.png listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded, Image:Okstate seal.png, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. -- Ash Lux ( talk 14:48, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Image:Okstate pete.png listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded, Image:Okstate pete.png, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. -- Ash Lux ( talk 15:56, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Ardmore ok logo.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Ardmore ok logo.gif. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 19:36, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Arbuckle_Country_OK.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Arbuckle_Country_OK.png. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 05:46, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Question about an image
Where in Ardmore was Image:Ardmore ok dt1.jpg taken? It could be useful for one of the articles on state highways around Ardmore if it was taken along one of them. Thanks in advance. —Scott5114↗ [EXACT CHANGE ONLY] 00:00, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

Notification of automated file description generation
Your upload of File:Arbuckle mts.jpg or contribution to its description is noted, and thanks (even if belatedly) for your contribution. In order to help make better use of the media, an attempt has been made by an automated process to identify and add certain information to the media's description page.

This notification is placed on your talk page because a bot has identified you either as the uploader of the file, or as a contributor to its metadata. It would be appreciated if you could carefully review the information the bot added. To opt out of these notifications, please follow the instructions here. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 12:11, 2 January 2014 (UTC)

 * Another one of your uploads, File:Ardmore ok3.jpg, has also had some information automatically added. If you get a moment, please review the bot's contributions there as well. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 12:13, 2 January 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Emersonbiggins85


text: Template:Music of Latin America

title: Template:Music of Latin America


text: User talk:68.112.209.153

title: User talk:68.112.209.153


text: User talk:68.237.98.153

title: User talk:68.237.98.153


text:
Pietro Andrea Mattioli

Pietro Andrea Gregorio Mattioli (12 March 1501– c. 1578) was a doctor and naturalist born in Siena. His most important work was a commentary on the medicinal plants of Dioscorides first published in 1544 which was translated into several languages and went into thirteen editions in his lifetime.

Biography
Mattioli was born in Siena to physician Francesco and his wife Lucrezia Buoninsegna. Although belonging to the city elite the family was economically stressed with thirteen children. His early studies are unknown but he may have studied in Venice, Siena, and Padua before he received his MD at the University of Padua in 1523, and subsequently practiced the profession in Siena, Rome, Trento and Gorizia, becoming personal physician of Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria in Prague and Ambras Castle, and of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor in Vienna. In 1527 he moved to Trent in the Val di Non. In 1528 he was a court physician for Bernardo Cles and he then married a woman named Elizabeth and they had a son. In 1539 Cardinal Cles died and the position was taken by Bishop Cristoforo Madruzzo who dismissed Mattioli. In 1542 he moved o Gorizia where he began to work on the De Materia Medica of Dioscorides which was eventually published in Italian in 1544 by Nicolò de Bascarini in Venice. A careful student of botany, he described 100 new plants and coordinated the medical botany of his time in his Discorsi ("Commentaries"). There were several later editions, also in Italian. In 1554 the first edition of the Commentarii appeared in Latin, accompanied by a Latin translation of Dioscorides' work that differed only little from the Latin translation that Jean Ruel had published in 1516, and that had served as the basis for Mattioli's Italian translation. The Commentarii were translated into French (Lyon, 1561), Czech (Prague, 1562), and German (Prague, 1563).

In addition to identifying the plants originally described by Dioscorides, Mattioli added descriptions of some plants not in Dioscorides and not of any known medical use, thus marking a transition from the study of plants as a field of medicine to a study of interest in its own right. In addition, the woodcuts in Mattioli's work were of a high standard, allowing recognition of the plant even when the text was obscure. A noteworthy inclusion is an early variety of tomato, the first documented example of the vegetable being grown and eaten in Europe.

In 1703 Charles Plumier named a plant genus Matthiola in honor of Mattioli. This name was adopted by Linnaeus in 1753. The genus was later placed in the plant family Rubiaceae. In 1812 William Townsend Aiton named a plant genus Mathiola, also in honor of Mattioli. This genus is now placed in the Brassicaceae. Aiton's name was later conserved against the earlier name of Linnaeus, with the conserved spelling Matthiola.

Mattioli described Dioscorides' use of mercury for curing syphilis. He also described the first case of cat allergy. His patient was so sensitive to cats that if he was sent into a room with a cat he reacted with agitation, sweating and pallor.

Mattioli argued against Fracastoro's theory of fossils, as well as against his own conclusions, as described as follows in Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology: The system of scholastic disputations encouraged in the Universities of the middle ages had unfortunately trained men to habits of indefinite argumentation, and they often preferred absurd and extravagant propositions, because greater skill was required to maintain them; the end and object of such intellectual combats being victory and not truth. ...Andrea Mattioli, for instance, an eminent botanist, the illustrator of Dioscorides, embraced the notion of Agricola, a German miner, that a certain 'materia pinguis' or 'fatty matter,' set into fermentation by heat, gave birth to fossil organic shapes. Yet Mattioli had come to the conclusion, from his own observations, that porous bodies, such as bones and shells, might be converted into stone, as being permeable to what he termed the 'lapidifying juice.

Legacy
Pietro Andrea Mattioli was a renowned botanist and physician, and this is attested to by his published works. As Mattioli held a post in the Imperial Court as physician to Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria, and the Emperor Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, this granted him immense influence. But some of his practice included the frequent testing of the effects of poisonous plants on prisoners in order to popularize his works--no doubt a common practice at the time. And Mattioli did not tolerate either rivals or corrections. The naturalists and physicians who dared to disagree or correct him did so at their peril. The list of some of the most important men of the day that were admonished, rebuked, or pursued by the Inquisition contains Wieland, Anguillara, Gesner, Lusitanus and others. This caused the long-term domination of Mattioli's version of De Materia Medica throughout the continent, especially in northern Europe.

Works

 * 1533, Morbi Gallici Novum ac Utilissimum Opusculum
 * 1535, Liber de Morbo Gallico, dedicated to Bernardo Clesio
 * 1536, De Morbi Gallici Curandi Ratione
 * 1539, Il Magno Palazzo del Cardinale di Trento
 * 1544, Di Pedacio Dioscoride Anazarbeo Libri cinque Della historia, et materia medicinale tradotti in lingua volgare italiana da M. Pietro Andrea Matthiolo Sanese Medico, con amplissimi discorsi, et comenti, et dottissime annotationi, et censure del medesimo interprete, also known as Discorsi
 * 1548, Italian translation of Geografia di Tolomeo
 * 1554, Petri Andreae Matthioli Medici Senensis Commentarii, in Libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei, de Materia Medica, Adjectis quàm plurimis plantarum & animalium imaginibus, eodem authore, also known as Commentarii. This Materia Medica work had anonymous commentaries by Michael Servetus, and it is known as "Lyon printers tribute to Michael de Villanueva."
 * 1558, Petri Andreae Matthioli senensis, serenissimi Principis Ferdinandi Auchiducis Austriae &c. Medici, commentarii secundo aucti, in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de medica materia : adjectis quam plurimis Plantarum, & Animalium Imaginibus quae in priore Editione non-habentur, eodem Authore Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 * 1558, Apologia Adversus Amatum Lusitanum (attached to the Digital edition above)
 * 1561, Epistolarum Medicinalium Libri Quinque
 * 1568, I discorsi di m. Pietro Andrea Matthioli sanese, medico cesareo, et del serenissimo principe Ferdinando archiduca d'Austria &c. nelli sei libri di Pedacio Discoride Anazarbeo della materia medicinale. Venezia: Vincenzo Valgrisi. A copy for the Duke of Urbino, Francesco Maria II della Rovere, coloured and decorated with landscape backgrounds by Gherardo Cibo is now kept in the Biblioteca Alessandrina in Rome (Rari 278). Digital edition by the Italian Ministero della Cultura.
 * 1569, Opusculum de Simplicium Medicamentorum Facultatibus
 * 1571, Compendium de Plantis Omnibus una cum Earum Iconibus
 * 1586, De plantis epitome. Francofurti ad Moenum Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 * 1590, Kreutterbuch deß hochgelehrten unnd weitberühmten Herrn D. Petri Andreae Matthioli : jetzt widerumb mit viel schönen neuwen Figuren, auch nützlichen Artzeneyen, und andern guten Stücken, zum andern mal auß sonderm Fleiß gemehret und verfertigt. Franckfort am Mayn : [Johann Feyerabend für Peter Fischer & Heinrich Tack]. Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 * 1598, Medici Caesarei et Ferdinandi Archiducis Austriae opera quae extant omnia . Frankfurt a.M. Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 * 1627, Les commentaires de P. André Matthiolus sur les six livres de Pedacius Dioscoride Anazarbeen, de la matiere medecinale : traduits de latin en françois, par M. Antoine du Pinet ; et illustrez de nouveau, d'un bon nombre de figures, & augmentez ... ; avec plusieurs tables ... . Lyon Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 * 1590, Kreutterbuch deß hochgelehrten unnd weitberühmten Herrn D. Petri Andreae Matthioli : jetzt widerumb mit viel schönen neuwen Figuren, auch nützlichen Artzeneyen, und andern guten Stücken, zum andern mal auß sonderm Fleiß gemehret und verfertigt. Franckfort am Mayn : [Johann Feyerabend für Peter Fischer & Heinrich Tack]. Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 * 1598, Medici Caesarei et Ferdinandi Archiducis Austriae opera quae extant omnia . Frankfurt a.M. Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 * 1627, Les commentaires de P. André Matthiolus sur les six livres de Pedacius Dioscoride Anazarbeen, de la matiere medecinale : traduits de latin en françois, par M. Antoine du Pinet ; et illustrez de nouveau, d'un bon nombre de figures, & augmentez ... ; avec plusieurs tables ... . Lyon Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf

title: Pietro Andrea Mattioli


text:
User:Charles Iliya Krempeaux

I am Charles Iliya Krempeaux.

For more info about me see: http://changelog.ca/

title: User:Charles Iliya Krempeaux


text:
Yevgeny Khaldei

Yevgeny Ananyevich Khaldei (Евгений Ананьевич Халдей, ; 23 March 1917 – 6 October 1997) was a Soviet Red Army naval officer and photographer. He is best known for his World War II photograph of a Soviet soldier raising a flag over the Reichstag in Berlin, the capital of the vanquished Nazi Germany, at the end of the war.

Life
Khaldei was born to a Jewish family in Yuzovka (now Donetsk, Ukraine) and was obsessed with photography since childhood, having built his first childhood camera with his grandmother's eyeglasses. In March 1918, when Khaldei was one year old, his mother was killed during one of the pogroms of the Russian Civil War, by followers of the White movement. The bullet passed through her body and gravely wounded Yevgeny, who survived his injuries.

He started working with the Soviet press agency TASS since October 25, 1936 (at the age of 19) as a photographer. His father and three of his four sisters were murdered by the Nazis during the war. He also witnessed the aftermath of the massacre of 7,000 civilians in Kerch in 1942. During the march to Berlin with the advancing Red Army, Khaldei experienced the liberation of Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary, and the capture of Vienna.

In 1945, Khaldei persuaded his uncle to create a large Soviet flag after seeing Joe Rosenthal's photo of the flag raising at Iwo Jima while the Soviet army closed in on Berlin and took it with him to Berlin for the Reichstag shot. He later took photographs of the Nazis at the Nuremberg trials and of the Red Army during its offensive in Japanese Manchuria.

Khaldei continued to work in photojournalism after the war as a TASS staff photographer, but was reprimanded in a 1947 evaluation: "After returning to peacetime conditions, he failed to develop himself at all, and at the present moment he is considered a passable photojournalist ... The reasons for this are several. First, all the praise that was heaped upon him as a military photojournalist finally went to his head, and he rested on his laurels. His growth as a photojournalist stopped. The other reason has to do with Khaldei's cultural level, which is exceptionally low." In October 1948, Khaldei received notice that he was being let go because of the agency's "staff downsizing." Khaldei continued to photograph, now working as a freelance photographer for Soviet newspapers, and focused on capturing the scenes of everyday life. In 1959, he got a job again at the newspaper Pravda, where he worked until he was forced to retire in 1970. Khaldei's wartime photographs were collected in a 93-page book, Ot Murmanska do Berlina (From Murmansk to Berlin), published in 1984. His work continues to be distributed through the Sovfoto agency which has operated in the West since 1932. Khaldei's international fame dates from the 1990s, when exhibitions of his photographs began to be held in the West.

Works
Khaldei's most renowned photographs were taken when he was a Red Army photographer from 1941 to 1946. Khaldei's photographs emphasised his feelings for the historic moments and his sense of humour. One of the more famous anecdotes was during the Nuremberg Trials, where Hermann Göring was being tried.

While Khaldei frequently staged or manipulated his photographs, he insisted that this was to signify the importance and add strength to a particular event. His work was also admired by the elites of the Soviet Union and he is renowned for creating commissioned portraits for State leaders such as Joseph Stalin, Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin.

Red Army Reichstag photo
Khaldei's most famous photo was of a Red Army soldier raising a Soviet flag above the German Reichstag at the end of World War II: the historic defeat of Nazi Germany in a war that cost the Soviet Union twenty million lives; the magazine Ogoniok published the photograph on 13 May 1945. Khaldei had shot an entire roll of film, 36 images. One shot, along with some of its very similar versions, became the most iconic of the event (The Times identified one such version). When Khaldei arrived at the Reichstag, he simply asked the soldiers who happened to be passing by to help with the staging of the photoshoot; the one who was attaching the flag was 18-year-old Private Aleksei Kovalev from Kiev, the two others were Abdulkhakim Ismailov from Dagestan and Leonid Gorychev (also mentioned as Aleksei Goryachev) from Minsk. The photograph was taken with a Leica III rangefinder camera with a 35mm f3.5 lens.

The celebrated image is a re-enactment of an earlier flag-raising of which no photograph was taken, as it happened at 10:40 p.m. on 30 April 1945 while the building was actually still held by German troops. A group of four Soviet soldiers fought their way to the roof, where 23-year-old private Mikhail Minin climbed up on an equestrian statue representing Germany, to fasten an improvised flagpole to its crown. As that occurred at night and under fire, no photo could be taken. The next day German snipers shot down the flag. The surrender of the Reichstag came on 2 May 1945, and only after that did Khaldei scale the building along with the three soldiers which he had picked up randomly on his way. He was carrying with him a large flag sewn from a red tablecloth by his Jewish friend in Moscow for this very purpose. The seams are indeed visible on the picture.

Copyrights
Because Khaldei worked in TASS from 25 October 1936 to 7 October 1948, his TASS photoworks entered the public domain in Russia no later than January 1, 2019, because they were copyrighted by TASS, and such copyrights of a legal entity expire no later than 70 years after publication (or creation, if work was not published in proper time). It was confirmed in 2015 in the court session between the heiress of the photographer, his daughter Anna Khaldei and the publishing house «Veche» about the use of the photograph "Raising a Flag over the Reichstag" in the book "Za porogom Pobedy" (За порогом Победы, Behind the Threshold of the Victory) by Arsen Benikovich Martirosyan, where ITAR-TASS was attracted as a third person.

Honours and awards

 * Order of the Patriotic War 2nd class
 * Order of the Red Star
 * Medal "For the Defence of Sevastopol"
 * Medal "For the Defence of the Caucasus"
 * Medal "For the Defence of the Soviet Transarctic"
 * Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
 * Medal "For the Victory over Japan"
 * Medal "For the Capture of Berlin"
 * Medal "For the Capture of Vienna"
 * Medal "For the Capture of Königsberg"
 * Medal "For the Capture of Budapest"

title: Yevgeny Khaldei


text: User talk:66.25.127.22

title: User talk:66.25.127.22


text:
Polysulfide

Polysulfides are a class of chemical compounds derived from anionic chains of sulfur atoms. There are two main classes of polysulfides: inorganic and organic. The inorganic polysulfides have the general formula. These anions are the conjugate bases of polysulfanes H2S_{n}. Organic polysulfides generally have the formulae R^{1}S_{n}R^{2}, where R is an alkyl or aryl group.

Polysulfide salts and complexes
The alkali metal polysulfides arise by treatment of a solution of the sulfide with elemental sulfur, e.g. sodium sulfide to sodium polysulfide:

In some cases, these anions have been obtained as organic salts, which are soluble in organic solvents.

The energy released in the reaction of sodium and elemental sulfur is the basis of battery technology. The sodium–sulfur battery and the lithium–sulfur battery require high temperatures to maintain liquid polysulfide and Na+-conductive membranes that are unreactive toward sodium, sulfur, and sodium sulfide.

Polysulfides are ligands in coordination chemistry. Examples of transition metal polysulfido complexes include (C5H5)2TiS5, [Ni(S4)2](2−), and [Pt(S5)3](2−). Main group elements also form polysulfides.

Organic polysulfides
In commerce, the term "polysulfide" usually refers to a class of polymers with alternating chains of several sulfur atoms and hydrocarbons. They have the formula R^{1}S_{n}R^{2}. In this formula n indicates the number of sulfur atoms (or "rank"). Polysulfide polymers can be synthesized by condensation polymerization reactions between organic dihalides and alkali metal salts of polysulfide anions:

n Na2S5 + n ClCH2CH2Cl → [CH2CH2S5]_{n} + 2n NaCl

Dihalides used in this condensation polymerization are dichloroalkanes (such as 1,2-dichloroethane, bis-(2-chloroethoxy)methane and 1,3-dichloropropane). The polymers are called thiokols. In some cases, polysulfide polymers can be formed by ring-opening polymerization reactions.

Polysulfide polymers are also prepared by the addition of polysulfanes to alkenes. An idealized equation is:

2 RCH\dCH2 + H2S_{n} → (RCH2CH2)2S_{n}

In reality, homogeneous samples of H2S_{n} are difficult to prepare.

Polysulfide polymers are insoluble in water, oils, and many other organic solvents. Because of their solvent resistance, these materials find use as sealants to fill the joints in pavement, automotive window glass, and aircraft structures.

Polymers containing one or two sulfur atoms separated by hydrocarbon sequences are usually not classified polysulfides, e.g. poly(p-phenylene) sulfide (C6H4S)_{n}.

Polysulfides in vulcanized rubber
Many commercial elastomers contain polysulfides as crosslinks. These crosslinks interconnect neighboring polymer chains, thereby conferring rigidity. The degree of rigidity is related to the number of crosslinks. Elastomers, therefore, have a characteristic ability to return to their original shape after being stretched or compressed. Because of this memory for their original cured shape, elastomers are commonly referred to as rubbers. The process of crosslinking the polymer chains in these polymers with sulfur is called vulcanization. The sulfur chains attach themselves to the allylic carbon atoms, which are adjacent to C=C linkages. Vulcanization is a step in the processing of several classes of rubbers, including polychloroprene (Neoprene), styrene-butadiene, and polyisoprene, which is chemically similar to natural rubber. Charles Goodyear's discovery of vulcanization, involving the heating of polyisoprene with sulfur, was revolutionary because it converted a sticky and almost useless material into an elastomer that could be fabricated into useful products.

Occurrence in gas giants
In addition to water and ammonia, the clouds in the atmospheres of the gas giant planets contain ammonium sulfides. The reddish-brownish clouds are attributed to polysulfides, arising from the exposure of the ammonium sulfides to light.

Properties
Polysulfides, like sulfides, can induce stress corrosion cracking in carbon steel and stainless steel.

title: Polysulfide


text:
Over the Top (1987 film)

Over the Top is a 1987 American sports drama film starring Sylvester Stallone. It was produced and directed by Menahem Golan, and its screenplay was written by Stirling Silliphant and Stallone. The original music score was composed by Giorgio Moroder. The main character, Lincoln Hawk, played by Stallone, is a long-haul truck driver who tries to win back his estranged son, Michael, while becoming a champion arm wrestler.

Plot
Lincoln Hawk is a truck driver who also arm wrestles for extra cash. His estranged wife Christina, who is suffering from heart disease, asks that Hawk pick up their young son Michael from military school and develop a relationship with him (Hawk had left them ten years earlier). Michael's wealthy grandfather - Christina's father, Jason Cutler - believes that Hawk has no right to be in his grandson's life. Michael distrusts Hawk initially and treats him with contempt.

Over the course of a trip from Colorado to California, the two bond. When they arrive at the hospital, Christina has died from complications during surgery. Michael blames Hawk for delaying his arrival and leaves for his grandfather's estate. An attempt to retrieve Michael ends with Hawk being arrested when he resorts to ramraiding the gated mansion. Michael visits Hawk in jail and forgives him but says he feels safer living with his grandfather. As a condition of charges being dropped, Hawk is obliged to sign over custody of Michael to Cutler.

Hawk leaves to compete in the World Armwrestling Championship in Las Vegas, hoping to start his own trucking company with the prize. Most other participants are much larger, including Bull Hurley, the undefeated world champion for the past five years. When Hawk arrives, he sells his truck and uses the proceeds to place a bet on himself (as a 20–1 long shot) to win. Meanwhile, Michael learns Cutler had driven his parents apart and had been hiding letters Hawk had regularly written to him. Stunned by his grandfather's deceptions, Michael steals a pickup truck and drives to Las Vegas to find Hawk.

Hawk advances to the final eight competitors in the double-elimination tournament before suffering his first loss, injuring his arm in the process. Cutler, who is also in Las Vegas, summons Hawk to his hotel suite and offers him a chance for a fresh start: $500,000 and a top-of-the-line semi on the condition that he stay out of their lives for good, but Hawk refuses and vows to retrieve Michael after the tournament. He returns to the tournament with improved focus and advances to the final match against Hurley. Michael finds Hawk and apologizes for misjudging him, which gives Hawk the emotional support to compete. After a long match, Hawk beats Hurley and wins the tournament. A triumphant Hawk and Michael take their winnings and drive off to start a new life together.

Cast

 * Sylvester Stallone as Lincoln "Linc" Hawk
 * Robert Loggia as Jason Cutler
 * Susan Blakely as Christina Hawk
 * Rick Zumwalt as Bob "Bull" Hurley
 * David Mendenhall as Michael "Mike" Hawk
 * Chris McCarty as Tim Salanger
 * Terry Funk as Ruker
 * Bruce Way as John Grizzly
 * Jimmy Keegan as Richie
 * Greg "Magic" Schwartz as Smasher
 * Allan Graf as Collins
 * John Braden as Col. Davis
 * Reggie Bennett as Female Arm Wrestler

Multi-time world arm wrestling champion and future professional wrestler Scott Norton also makes an appearance along with other professional arm wrestlers such as Allen Fisher, John Vreeland, Cleve Dean and Andrew "Cobra" Rhodes (as the final match referee). Professional arm wrestler John Brzenk also makes an appearance. Randy Raney who would appear with Stallone the following year in Rambo 3, plays Mad Dog Madison.

Development and writing
In May 1984, it was reported Stallone would appear in the film for a fee of $12 million. Cannon Films presold the movie over the next few years, during which time Stallone appeared in Rhinestone, Rambo: First Blood Part II and Rocky IV.

Cannon hired Stirling Silliphant to write the script. "It's an action love story with the emphasis on action," Silliphant says. "It's the story of a man trying to win back the love of his son and win the world arm-wrestling championship in Las Vegas." Although Stallone was a writer and had final cut on the film, Sillphant said "I don't anticipate any problem whatsoever. I'm a very difficult person to abuse...He doesn't have to do anything at this point. He has been very smart about what he can do. He has to protect that."

Filming
The film was shot for about 9 weeks from June 9 to August 15, 1986. The military academy scenes, portrayed as being in Colorado, were filmed at Pomona College in Claremont, California in 1986. The Kirkeby mansion at 750 Bel Air Road, Los Angeles (also the home of the Clampett family on the CBS comedy The Beverly Hillbillies) was used to portray the Cutler estate. Parts of the film were also shot in Monument Valley, Utah. Olive View–UCLA Medical Center was also used as the hospital.

Music
In late 1986, producer/director Menahem Golan chose prestigious Italian composer and record producer Giorgio Moroder as music supervisor of the soundtrack. Moroder was in charge of creating a concept album with a compilation of new songs in different genres and diverse artists, writing most tracks on the album himself in collaboration with Tom Whitlock.

The soundtrack album was released on February 13, 1987, under CBS to coincide with the release of the movie. It contains music from Frank Stallone, Kenny Loggins (who performs the film's central theme, "Meet Me Half Way"), Eddie Money, and Sammy Hagar. John Wetton, lead singer of the rock group Asia, sang "Winner Takes It All" for the movie, but after performing the song, it was felt that his voice wasn't "mean" enough, so the song was offered to Hagar, whose version, featuring a bass guitar solo from Hagar's then-bandmate Eddie Van Halen, ended up being the one on the soundtrack. Asia is credited for the track "Gypsy Soul", but Wetton is the only Asia member who actually contributed to the song.

The track listing is:
 * 1) "Winner Takes It All" – Sammy Hagar
 * 2) "In This Country" – Robin Zander (international versions of the film had Eddie Money singing instead)
 * 3) "Take It Higher" – Larry Greene
 * 4) "All I Need Is You" – Big Trouble
 * 5) "Bad Nite" – Frank Stallone
 * 6) "Meet Me Half Way" – Kenny Loggins
 * 7) "Gypsy Soul" – Asia
 * 8) "The Fight (Instrumental)" – Giorgio Moroder
 * 9) "Mind Over Matter" – Larry Greene
 * 10) "I Will Be Strong" – Eddie Money

Stallone appears in the video for "Winner Takes It All," wrestling Hagar at the end of the video. Hagar says in his video commentary on the DVD The Long Road to Cabo that he was unenthusiastic about the song. Hagar says that Stallone gave him his black cap at the end of the shoot, both signed it, and the cap went to charity, fetching around $10,000.

Box office
Over the Top was released by Warner Bros. on Thursday, February 12, 1987, in New York and Los Angeles before expanding to 1,758 theaters on Friday, grossing $5.1 million over the President's Day weekend, finishing in fourth place. In total, the film earned $16 million in the US and Canada.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 32% based on 31 reviews, with an average rating of 4.7/10. The site's consensus states: "The definitive film about arm-wrestling truck drivers fighting for custody of their children, Over the Top lives down to its title in the cheesiest of ways." On Metacritic, it has a score of 40 out of 100 based on reviews from 12 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Variety called it "routinely made in every respect". Janet Maslin of The New York Times called it "muddled" and criticized the number of product placements. Rita Kempley of The Washington Post wrote that the film does not live up to Stallone's Rocky films and is "virtually a feature-length video" because of all the rock songs.

Movie historian Leonard Maltin seemed to agree: "Title merely begins to describe this heavy-handed variation on The Champ...In trying to underplay, Stallone speaks so quietly that you often can't make out what he's saying."

The film received three nominations at the 8th Golden Raspberry Awards in 1988. David Mendenhall won two for both Worst Supporting Actor and Worst New Star, and Sylvester Stallone was nominated for Worst Actor, which he lost to Bill Cosby for Leonard Part 6.

Stallone later said of the film, "I would have made it less glossy and set it more in an urban environment, for one. Next, I would've not used a never-ending stream of rock songs, but scored music instead, and most likely would've made the event in Vegas more ominous – not so carnival-like."

title: Over the Top (1987 film)


text:
Psychodynamic psychotherapy

Psychodynamic psychotherapy (or psychodynamic therapy) and psychoanalytic psychotherapy (or psychoanalytic therapy) are two categories of psychological therapies. Their main purpose is revealing the unconscious content of a client's psyche in an effort to alleviate psychic tension, which is inner conflict within the mind that was created in a situation of extreme stress or emotional hardship, often in the state of distress. The terms "psychoanalytic psychotherapy" and "psychodynamic psychotherapy" are often used interchangeably, but a distinction can be made in practice: though psychodynamic psychotherapy largely relies on psychoanalytical theory, it employs substantially shorter treatment periods than traditional psychoanalytical therapies. Psychodynamic psychotherapy is evidence-based; the effectiveness of psychoanalysis and its relationship to facts is disputed.

Psychodynamic psychotherapy relies on the interpersonal relationship between client and therapist more than other forms of depth psychology. They must have a strong relationship built heavily on trust. In terms of approach, this form of therapy uses psychoanalysis adapted to a less intensive style of working, usually at a frequency of once or twice per week, often the same frequency as many other therapies. The techniques draw on the theories of Freud, Klein, and the object relations movement, e.g., Winnicott, Guntrip, and Bion. Some psychodynamic therapists also draw on Jung, Lacan, or Langs. It is a focus that has been used in individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, family therapy, and to understand and work with institutional and organizational contexts. In psychiatry, it has been used for adjustment disorders as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but more often for personality-related disorders.

History
The principles of psychodynamics were introduced in the 1874 publication Lectures on Physiology by German physician and physiologist Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke. Von Brücke, taking a cue from thermodynamics, suggested all living organisms are energy systems, governed by the principle of energy conservation. During the same year, von Brücke was supervisor to first-year medical student Sigmund Freud at the University of Vienna. Freud later adopted this new construct of "dynamic" physiology to aid in his own conceptualization of the human psyche. Later, both the concept and application of psychodynamics were further developed by the likes of Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Otto Rank, and Melanie Klein. Psychodynamic therapy has evolved from psychoanalytic theory, with some later modifications in the therapeutic practice experienced since the mid-20th century.

Approaches
Most psychodynamic approaches are centered on the concept that some maladaptive functioning is in play, and that this maladaption is, at least in part, unconscious. The presumed maladaption develops early in life and eventually causes difficulties in day-to-day life. Psychodynamic therapies focus on revealing and resolving these unconscious conflicts that are driving their symptoms.

Major techniques used by psychodynamic therapists include:

 * Free association: The client is encouraged to communicate their true feelings and thoughts to the therapist. This is done with the client knowing it is a safe space and done without judgment and/ or consequence. These thoughts and/ or responses could possibly be irrelevant, illogical, and embarrassing to the patient. This is to help access unconscious information, memories, or impulses that the patient might otherwise have not been able to bring to the surface. After being brought to the conscious mind they can then be interpreted.
 * Dream interpretation: (also known as dream analysis) The client keeps a record of their dreams, and communicates or relays them to the therapist, sometimes aided by free association, and then the content is analyzed or interpreted for hidden meanings, underlying motivations, and other portrayals.
 * Recognizing resistance: This could be in many forms with slight variations depending on the type of resistance. The clients withstanding or withholding information for their better help and interpretation. Often the client could be using this a defense. This could be categorized in three different types of resistance.

The first type of resistance is conscious resistance, where the client is deliberate about not communicating the information needed because of distrust in the system, therapist, shame or rejection of the interpreter.

The second, repression resistance, also referred to as ego resistance, is used by the client to keep unacceptable thoughts, feelings, actions, and/ or impulses in the unconscious. This could be done by the patient blocking thoughts and communications during free associations, not remembering events.

The third, id resistance, is unlike the other two because it arises from the unconscious and is driven by id impulse. It resists change or treatment to further repeat the trauma in different situations, known as repetition compulsion. Additionally, there may be transference of views, feelings, and/or wishes of the patient onto the analyst, often the therapist, that were initially directed towards other impactful individuals in the patient's life. This is often people in early childhood such as parents, siblings, or other important people. By addressing these projected views it is hoped to help the patient reexperience, address, and analyze the effects; and to resolve current distress it could be causing. As in some psychoanalytic approaches, the therapeutic relationship is seen as a key means to understanding and working through the relational difficulties which the client has suffered in life.

Core principles and characteristics
Although psychodynamic psychotherapy can take many forms, commonalities include:
 * An emphasis on the centrality of intrapsychic and unconscious conflicts, and their relation to development;
 * Identifying defenses as developing in internal psychic structures in order to avoid unpleasant consequences of conflict;
 * A belief that psychopathology develops especially from early childhood experiences;
 * A view that internal representations of experiences are organized around interpersonal relations;
 * A conviction that life issues and dynamics will re-emerge in the context of the client-therapist relationship as transference and counter-transference;
 * Use of free association as a major method for exploration of internal conflicts and problems;
 * Focusing on interpretations of transference, defense mechanisms, and current symptoms and the working through of these present problems;
 * Trust in insight as critically important for success in therapy.

Efficacy
Psychodynamic psychotherapy is an evidence-based therapy. Later meta-analyses showed psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy to be effective, with outcomes comparable or greater than other kinds of psychotherapy or antidepressant drugs, but these arguments have also been subjected to various criticisms. For example, meta-analyses in 2012 and 2013 came to the conclusion that there is little support or evidence for the efficacy of psychoanalytic therapy, thus further research is needed.

A systematic review of Long Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (LTPP) in 2009 found an overall effect size of 0.33. Others have found effect sizes of 0.44–0.68.

Meta-analyses of Short Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (STPP) have found effect sizes ranging from 0.34 to 0.71 compared to no treatment and was found to be slightly better than other therapies in follow up. Other reviews have found an effect size of 0.78–0.91 for somatic disorders compared to no treatment and 0.69 for treating depression. A 2012 meta-analysis by the Harvard Review of Psychiatry of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) found effect sizes ranging from 0.84 for interpersonal problems to 1.51 for depression. Overall ISTDP had an effect size of 1.18 compared to no treatment.

In 2011, a study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry made 103 comparisons between psychodynamic treatment and a non-dynamic competitor and found that 6 were superior, 5 were inferior, 28 had no difference and 63 were adequate. The study found that this could be used as a basis "to make psychodynamic psychotherapy an "empirically validated" treatment." In 2017, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found psychodynamic therapy to be as efficacious as other therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy.

Client-therapist relationship
Because of the subjectivity of each patient's potential psychological ailments, there is rarely a clear-cut treatment approach. Most often, therapists vary general approaches in order to best fit a patient's specific needs. If a therapist does not understand the psychological ailments of their patient extremely well, then it is unlikely that they are able to decide upon a treatment structure that will help the patient. Therefore, the patient-therapist relationship must be extremely strong.

Therapists encourage their patients to be as open and honest as possible. Patients must trust their therapist if this is to happen. Because the effectiveness of treatment relies so heavily on the patient giving information to their therapist, the patient-therapist relationship is more vital to psychodynamic therapy than almost every other type of medical practice.

title: Psychodynamic psychotherapy


text:
File:BroadwayMelody1940.JPG

1940 promotional photograph from Broadway Melody of 1940. Copyright Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Source
It is reproduced in Bob Thomas: Astaire, the Man, The Dancer, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1985. ISBN 0-297-78402-1, p.163, where it is used by the author to illustrate a section (pp.162-167) providing critical commentary on Broadway Melody of 1940.

Fair use rationale for article Fred Astaire

 * Image illustrates Fred Astaire and Eleanor Powell in a celebrated dance routine to Cole Porter's "Begin the Beguine" as performed in Broadway Melody of 1940. Long admired and considered notable, it acquired a special status when singled out by Frank Sinatra in the film That's Entertainment! for the accolade: "Take a good look folks. As long as you live you'll never see the like of this again."

 * An extensive search of the Astaire bibliography has uncovered no public domain images of this partnership in this or in any other routine, and no references have been located which point to the possible existence of such material.

 * Use in specific articles
 * Image is used in Eleanor Powell for the purposes of illustration and for critical commentary of the particular routine illustrated in this image and, in particular, serves to illustrate comments on Powell's dance ability by Astaire.
 * Image is used in Begin the Beguine as an illustration of one of the most celebrated depictions of this song on film.
 * Image is used in Broadway Melody of 1940 for illustration and critical commentary of the film's most celebrated dance routine involving the lead stars in the picture.

Note to editors: In the event you add this image to another article on Wikipedia it is essential that you update the Use in specific articles section to add a detailed argument justifying its use in that article. Failure to do so is likely to result in a copyright violation.

title: File:BroadwayMelody1940.JPG


text: User talk:150.216.124.54

title: User talk:150.216.124.54


text:
Roger Ruskin Spear

Roger Ruskin Spear (born 29 June 1943 in Hammersmith, London) is an English sculptor, multimedia artist and multi-instrumentalist (saxophones, clarinet, piano, guitars, percussion) who was a member of the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band. Spear is the son of the satirical artist and lecturer Ruskin Spear.

Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band
After Spear dissolved his jazz band New Jungle Orchestra at the end of 1964, he joined the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band. He wrote such songs as "Shirt", "Tubas in the Moonlight" and "Trouser Press". He is known for his robot creations, and the theremin part in "Noises for the Leg", amongst other tunes.

Later works
After the Bonzos parted company, Spear was a member of the short-lived band biGGrunt, with Vivian Stanshall. He also toured with his solo show "Roger Ruskin Spear and his Giant Kinetic Wardrobe" (a.k.a. "Giant Orchestral Wardrobe"). In 1979 Spear formed Tatty Ollity with Dave Glasson (a former member of Bob Kerr's Whoopee Band), Sam Spoons and Dave Knight. The band released a single, "Punktuation", on Rough Trade. In 1982 Spear took part in The Cut Price Comedy Show, a weekly confection of corny sketches and ironic end-of-the-pier jokes. Produced by ITV region TSW and screened on the then-new Channel 4, it ran for ten programmes and was then dropped.

In 1985 Spear and Dave Glasson formed The Slightly Dangerous Brothers, producing a single, "Let's Talk Basic", with a video featuring some of Spear's robot creations. In 1991 Spear played saxophone in Vivian Stanshall's show Rawlinson Dog Ends at the Bloomsbury Theatre, London. Spear had also played on Stanshall's album Teddy Boys Don't Knit (1981 Charisma CAS 1153).

Spear appeared on albums such as Go Man Gorman (1977), a solo outing for John Gorman of The Scaffold. Spear was also a member and co-founder of Bill Posters Will Be Band.

Until 2014, Spear performed regularly with Three Bonzos and a Piano, which is made up of Rod Slater and Sam Spoons, both former members of the Bonzo Dog Band, together with Dave Glasson on piano and, often, Andy Roberts – formerly of The Liverpool Scene and The Scaffold – on guitar.

Spear later played with an amalgamation of Bill Posters and Bonzo musicians called BonzoBills, involving Sam Spoons, Biff Harrison, Dave Glasson, Megs Etherington, Chris Lowe and Jim Heath (a former member of Harry Strutters Hot Rhythm Orchestra).

In addition to his musical activities, Spear taught 3D design part-time at the Chelsea College of Art.

Personal life
Spear is the son of the satirical artist and lecturer Ruskin Spear (1911-1990).

title: Roger Ruskin Spear


text:
List of longest arch bridge spans

This list of the longest arch bridge spans ranks the world's arch bridges by the length of their main span. The length of the main span is the most common way to rank bridges as it usually correlates with the engineering complexity involved in designing and constructing the bridge. If one bridge has a longer span than another it does not necessarily mean that the bridge is longer from shore to shore or from abutment to abutment.

Completed bridges
Notes: CFST is concrete-filled steel tube.

History of largest spans
Flags refer to present national boundaries.

title: List of longest arch bridge spans


text:
Tracey Kelusky

Tracey Kelusky (born September 9, 1975) is a Canadian former lacrosse player and current head coach of Panther City LC. Kelusky played for the Columbus Landsharks, Montreal Express, Calgary Roughnecks, Buffalo Bandits and Philadelphia Wings. While with the Roughnecks, Kelusky was named captain and led them to titles in 2004 and 2009.

College career
Kelusky played college lacrosse at the University of Hartford, making his mark in the NCAA record books by scoring 59 goals in 14 games during the 2000 season.

Professional career
Kelusky joined the NLL in the 2000-2001 season with the Columbus Landsharks and was named the NLL Rookie of the Year. In the 2001-2002 season, he played for the expansion franchise Montreal Express. The Roughnecks picked up Kelusky first overall in the dispersal draft after the Express franchise folded in 2002.

In the 2005 National Lacrosse League All-Star Game, Kelusky won the MVP in front of a home crowd at the Pengrowth Saddledome. During the 2009 NLL season, he was named a reserve to the All-Star game.

In December 2013, Kelusky was acquired by the Philadelphia Wings as a free agent.

On September 19, 2014, Kelusky announced he was retiring from professional lacrosse.

Coaching career
After retiring as a player, Kelusky became an assistant coach for the New England Blackwolves. For the 2019-20 season he served as offensive coach for the Philadelphia Wings. Kelusky became the first-ever head coach for the expansion Panther City LC club in 2021.

NLL
Reference:

Awards

 * 2000, Drafted first overall by the Columbus Landsharks
 * 2001, NLL Rookie of the Year
 * 2001, NLL second team all pro
 * 2002, NLL first team all pro
 * 2002, Inside Lacrosse Magazine's NLL MVP (voted by NLL players and coaches)
 * 2002, part of Canada's silver medal team at the World Lacrosse Championship
 * 2002, part of Team Canada at the Heritage Cup
 * 2003, NLL first team all pro
 * 2003, part of Canada's gold medal team at the World Indoor Lacrosse Championship
 * 2004, part of Canada's Heritage Cup-winning team
 * 2004, NLL first team all pro
 * 2004, Champion's Cup
 * 2005, NLL All Star Game Most Valuable Player
 * 2005, NLL second team all pro
 * 2007, NLL Sportsmanship Award
 * 2009, Champion's Cup
 * 2022, Les Bartley Award

Personal life
Kelusky is a boyhood friend of professional wrestler Bobby Roode. Kelusky even made an appearance on the December 29th, 2011 edition of Impact Wrestling, where he confronted Roode and was attacked by him.

title: Tracey Kelusky


text: Category:Lacrosse players

title: Category:Lacrosse players


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Charles Durrett

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 23:26, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Charles Durrett
Article about a non-notable person, possibly a vanity article. I reccomend it be deleted. Foobaz · ✐  06:06, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless someone provides notable evidence. Zzyzx11 20:39, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep, maybe merge this and Kathryn McCamant into an article about their book instead. I believe the book is notable, even if they may not be notable indendent of the book. I'm not aware of any reason to keep separate articles on each of them. At the very least, they and their book deserve mention at "cohousing". -- Jmabel | Talk 21:48, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.