text:
Abraha

Abraha (Ge’ez: አብርሃ) (also spelled Abreha, died presumably in 570 CE), was the Ethiopian viceroy for the Kingdom of Aksum who ruled the Himyarite Kingdom of Yemen and much of the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. He is famous for the tradition of his attempt to destroy the Kaaba, a revered religious site in Mecca, using an army that included war elephants, an event known as Year of the Elephant.

Life
The Byzantine historian Procopius identified Abraha as the former slave of a Roman merchant who conducted business in Adulis, while the Muslim historian al-Tabari says that he was related to the Aksumite royal family. Later, Abraha was either one of the commanders or a member of one of the armies led by King Kaleb of Axum against Dhu Nuwas. In al-Tabari's history, Abraha is said to have been the commander of the second army sent by Kaleb of Axum after the first, led by 'Ariat, failed.

Abraha was reported to have led his army of 100,000 men to successfully crush all resistance by the Yemeni army and then, following the suicide of Dhu Nuwas, seized power and established himself at Sanaa. However, he aroused the wrath of Kaleb by withholding tribute. In response, Kaleb sent his general 'Ariat to take over the governorship of Yemen. One version of what then happened was that Abraha fought a duel with 'Ariat which resulted in 'Ariat being killed and Abraha suffering the injury which earned him the sobriquet al-Ashram "Scarface." It was also said that Abraha's nose had either been lost in battle or had been severely damaged due to a disease.

According to Procopius, Abraha seized control of Yemen from Sumyafa Ashwa, the Christian viceroy appointed by Kaleb, with the support of dissident elements within the Aksumite soldiers who were eager to settle in South Arabia, then a rich and fertile land. An army sent by Kaleb to subdue Abraha decided instead to join his ranks and killed the commander (perhaps a reference to 'Ariat), and a second army was defeated. After this, Kaleb had to accord Abraha de facto recognition; he earned a more formal recognition under Kaleb's successor in return for nominal tribute. Stuart Munro-Hay, who proposes a 518 date for the rise of Dhu Nuwas, dates this event to 525, while by the chronology based on Dhu Nuwas coming to power in 523, this event would have happened about 530, although a date as late as 543 has been postulated by Jacques Ryckmans.

The reign of Abraha is documented in six inscriptions, four of which were recorded by the king himself. The most detailed is dated to 548 CE and commemorates the suppression of a rebellion by the governor of Kinda, Yazid, and Sabaean and Himyarite princes, as well as the restoration of the Marib Dam, and the hosting of an international conference in which delegations from the Kingdom of Aksum, the Sasanian Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Lakhmid kingdom, and the Ghassanids came to Marib. The reason for this conference is not known.

The second inscription of Abraha, dated 552, mentions military campaigns in central Arabia. Two columns of Arab auxiliaries tasked with suppressing a rebellion by Banu Amir, while Abraha himself went to Haliban, approximately 300 km southwest of Riyadh. The Ma‘add tribe was defeated, and they pledged allegiance and handed over hostages. While, Nasrid ‘Amr, son of al-Mundhir, offered his own son, who had previously served as the governor of Ma‘add. The inscriptions reads as:

"With Rahmanan’s might and that of his Messiah, King Abraha Zybmn, king of Saba’, of dhu-Raydan, of Hadramawt, and of Yamnat, and of their Arabs in the Upper-Country and on the Coast, inscribed this text when he raided Ma‘add for the fourth time, in the month of dha-thabatan {= April}, when all the Banu Amir had revolted; the king sent Abu Jabr with Kinda and ‘Ali, and Bishr son of Hisn with Sa‘d and Murad; the two chiefs of the army began to battle against the Banu Amir, Kinda, and Ali in the valley of dhu Murakh, and Murad and Sa'd in a valley at the water hole of Turaban, and they slew, took prisoners, and seized booty in abundance; the king held an assembly at Haliban and they pledged allegiance, the rebels of Ma‘add who surrendered hostages; following this, Amr, son of Mundhir submitted to {Abraha}, he gave his son as a hostage while he Amr had been set up as governor over Ma‘add {Abraha} returned from Haliban with Rahmanan’s might, in the month of dhu-‘allan {= September} six hundred and sixty-two." Abraha's last notable inscription celebrates the consolidation of power over a large portion of the Arabian Peninsula and enumerates the various regions and tribes that submitted to him. This inscription, known as Murayghān 3, is believed to have been created after the previous inscription (Ry 506). Two significant facts are stated in this inscription. Firstly, it indicates that Abraha had lost control of the great tribal confederation of Ma'add. Abraha commends himself for successfully reconquering Ma'add. Secondly, it highlights the conquest of a substantial portion of the Arabian Peninsula. The inscription reads as:

"The king Abraha ZYBMN, King of Saba' and Dhū-Raydān and Hadramōt and Yamanāt and their Arabs of the Upper Country and on the coast, wrote this inscription when he returned from the land of Ma'add, when he seized the Arabs of Ma'add from Mundhir and drove out 'Amr, son of Mundhir, and he seized all the Arabs of Ma'add and Hagar and Khatt and Tayy and Yathrib and Guzām."

The different locations have all been positively identified, except for "Guzam," which Christian Robin believes is a reference to the Judham tribe.

The final two inscriptions from Abraha's reign discuss the last repairs to the Marib Dam, and potentially the building of the famous Al-Qalis Church, although this is uncertain and may have been construction work at Ghumdan palace. It is dated to 559/60, making it the last known dated Himyarite text.

Hisham ibn al-Kalbi mentions one of the Quraysh, al-Ḥarith ibn Alqama, who was a hostage of the Quraysh was handed over to Abraha the Abyssinian. The Quraysh surrendered him to Abraha, who agreed in return not to sever the commercial relations between his kingdom and Mecca. The need for the surrender of hostages arose after some merchants from Abraha's country had been robbed in Mecca. Another hostage with Abraha, ʿUtbān b. Mālik of the Thaqif tribe, was from Taif, east-southeast of Mecca. Al-Kalbi also provides some details about Abraha's offspring. Rayhana, "daughter of al-Ashram al-Ḥabashī [the Abyssinian]," is said to have given birth to Abraha ibn al-Ṣabbāḥ, "king of Tihamah [along the Red Sea coast]." His brother was Khayr ibn al-Ṣabbāḥ. Another daughter of Abraha, sister of Masruq, was Basbāsa. A nephew of al-Ashram, named Yaksūm, is said to have given the Prophet Muhammad some kind of weapon as a gift.

Islamic view
Abraha is best known in Islamic accounts for his infamous attempt to attack the Kaaba in Mecca. He aimed to replace the Kaaba by constructing a grand church named the Al-Qalis (from the Greek Ekklesia) in Sanaa. He also built a church in Najran for Bani Al-Harith, the House of Al-Lat in Taif for the tribe of Thaqeef, the House of Yareem and the House of Ghamdan in Yemen. To counter the decline of Mecca as a pilgrimage center, the people of North Arabian tribes, specifically the Kināna and the nasaʾa (those responsible for intercalation) desecrated Abraha's church. In response to this act, Abraha resolved to launch an assault on Mecca with the aid of an elephant, with the intention of destroying the Kaaba. The elephant was supposedly provided by the Negus. Abraha's army is said to have included forces from South Arabian tribes, including the 'Akk, al-Ashʿar, and Khath'am. On his way north, Abraha is said to have passed through the settlements of various Arab tribes from which he took prisoners who were forced to act as his guides. Abraha's army is reported to have eventually crossed through Taif, where the Banu Thaqif provided a guide named Abū Righāl to accompany him. As they approached al-Mughammas, a short distance from Mecca, Abū Righāl died and was laid to rest there and his grave would later be stoned by the Arabs (who were mostly pagans at the time) after the failure of Abraha's expedition.

Abraha sent an expedition to subjugate the Azd tribes to his army and also to open the road to Mecca, but Abraha's army was defeated by an Azdi leader named Abd Shams Ibn Masruh, so Abraha was forced to take another route to Mecca. The memory of the Mecca campaign is encapsulated in "The Year of the Elephant," typically dated to 570 CE, which serves as the starting point for Mecca's pre-Islamic history chronology. Some traditions link Muhammad's birth (usually stated as 570 CE) with this year, while others place his birth either 23 or 40 years after the Year of the Elephant, suggesting a date range between about 530 and 547 CE. Scholars Ibrahim Zein and Ahmed el-Wakil state that the week of the attack according to the Muslim commentaries began Sunday, 14 February 572 (13 Muḥarram 51 Before Hijrah) and the birth of Muhammad was on Monday, 11 April 572 (12 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 51 BH).

The earliest Islamic reference to Abraha's attack on Mecca is found in the Al-Fil (Qur'an 105), which describes a divine intervention against the "People of the Elephant." God was said to have thwarted their wicked scheme, sending flocks of birds to rain down stones upon them, reducing them to "straw eaten up." Muslim scholars concur that the "People of the Elephant" were Abraha's troops who assaulted the Kaaba. Abraha had a troop of about 13 war elephants in the expeditionary forces. Muhammad's paternal grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, put the battle in God's hands, realising that he could not take on the forces of Abraha. As Abraha's forces approached the city, the story goes:

"The next day, as they prepared for battle, they discovered that their elephant (called Mahmud) refused to approach Mecca. Even worse, birds came from the sea, each of which brought three small stones, which they dropped on the soldiers of Abraha. Everyone hit by these stones was killed. Abraha was hit repeatedly and slowly dismembered. By the time he reached Sanaa, he was nothing but a miserable stump of a body. His heart burst from his chest, and he died. So the year of the War of the Elephant was a year of death. But it was also a year of life, for in that same year Muhammad was born."

Earlier mentions appear in pre-Islamic poetry, particularly in some qaṣīdas considered of unquestionable pre-Islamic origin, such as Abū Qays Ṣayfī b. al-Aslat's. This poet praises God for His help "on the day of the elephant of the Abyssinians" and narrates the elephant's defiance when the Abyssinians tried to force it forward with hooks and knives. God sent a wind showering pebbles from above, causing them to retreat in disarray. In the verses of another poet, an "ingenuous test" is mentioned, wherein God's armies compelled the Quraysh to withdraw with regret after pelting them and covering them with dust. Only a few of them reached their homes, and Ṭufayl al-Ghanawī's poetry mentions a place near Mecca where "the elephant disobeyed his masters."

Non-Islamic view
Outside of later Islamic tradition, there is no mention of Abraha's expedition at Mecca, including from Abraha's own inscriptions. Historians see the story as a later Islamic tradition designed to explain the "Men of the Elephant" in Qur'an 105:1-5. However, recent findings of Himyaritic inscriptions describe an hitherto unknown expedition by Abraha, which subsequently led Iwona Gajda to identify this expedition as the failed conquest of Mecca. In addition, scholar Christian Julien Robin notes that the historicity of a failed expedition is completely plausible, given that the Quraysh, despite their small number, quickly rose to prominence in the following years, evidenced by the great fair of Quraysh, held in al-ʿUkāẓ, as well as the ḥums cultural association, which associated members of tribes of Western Arabia with the Mecca sanctuary.

Gajda accepted the dating of the expedition to 552 CE, thus not coinciding with the birth of the Prophet, traditionally dated to 570 CE. It also observed that Mecca is not mentioned in the inscription. On the other hand, Daniel Beck claims that there are several issues with the story, and that African war elephants hadn't been used in the region for over 600 years. It is also difficult to explain how Abraha would have obtained African war elephants in Arabia. He also claims that surah al-Fil appears to be in reference to 2 Maccabees and 3 Maccabees, and not referencing any expedition on Abraha's part. However, Michael Charles published a study where he detailed how the Aksumite kingdom used elephants for war and had access to them during the 6th century when the expedition is said to have taken place. It should also be noted that while 2 Maccabees mentioned elephants as war beasts and a foiled military expedition, it did not mention any flying creatures. However, angels as protective flying creatures foiling an elephant army can be found in 3 Maccabees 5 and 6:18-21.

Death
Munro-Hay dates his death to some time after 553 based on the inscription at Murayghän. Islamic tradition places his death immediately after his expedition to Mecca.

Between 570 and 575 a pro-Persian group in Yemen made contact with the Sassanid king through the Lakhmid princes in Al-Hirah. The Sassanids then sent troops under the command of Wahriz, who helped (the semi-legendary) Sayf ibn Dhi Yazan drive the Aksumites from Yemen and Southern Arabia. As a result, Southern Arabia and Yemen came under the control of the Sassanid Empire.

title: Abraha


text:
La Vérendrye Wildlife Reserve

La Vérendrye wildlife reserve is one of the largest reserves in the province of Quebec, Canada, covering 12589 km2 of contiguous land and lake area (Assinica wildlife reserve is the largest in the province, but its territory is broken up in four non-contiguous parts). It is named after Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye, a French-Canadian explorer. Located 180 km north of Ottawa (Canada’s capital), it is traversed from south to north by Route 117.

With more than 4000 lakes and rivers and two huge reservoirs (Cabonga and Dozois), the wilderness territory is a venue of choice for outdoor enthusiasts. In addition to hunting and fishing, it also offers the opportunity to practice wilderness camping or canoe camping on more than 800 km of interconnecting canoe routes.

Two First Nation communities are found within the boundaries of the wildlife reserve: Kitcisakik on Great Victoria Lake and Lac-Rapide on Cabonga Reservoir.

History
The reserve was established in 1939 with the name Reserve Route-Mont-Laurier-Senneterre. It was that year that the road linking Mont-Laurier to Abitibi (now known as Route 117) was expected to be completed. Because this new road made an exceptionally rich wildlife territory accessible to thousands of hunters and fishermen, it became thus important to protect it.

In 1950, the government transformed the hunting and fishing reservation into a park and renamed it in honour of explorer Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Lord of La Vérendrye, on the 200th anniversary of his death (1749). It gained the status of wildlife reserve in 1979.

Activity
La Vérendrye Reserve is a popular park for outdoor activities in all seasons. In the winter, snowmobiling can be done on trails through the park. In the spring there are whitewater rivers to canoe, in particular the Gens de Terre River. In the summer it is a great place for fishing, hiking, swimming, and canoe camping. In the autumn, hunting is permitted. Popular game animals include moose and white-tailed deer (black bear hunting in the spring). Permits and payment of fees are required for any of these activities.

Le Domaine is the community along Route 117 where most of the park services are concentrated. Here permits, fuel, and food can be obtained.

Flora
La Vérendrye's landscape is typical of the Canadian Shield. The main tree species include black spruce, white spruce, jack pine, eastern white pine, red pine, and white birch.

Fauna
There are over 40 species of mammals, including moose, white-tailed deer, black bears, wolves, gray and red foxes, beavers, snowshoe hares (among others), and over 150 species of birds, including spruce grouse and ruffed grouse.

Fish
Walleye, northern pike, lake trout (salmon trout), smallmouth bass, and lake sturgeon.

A few bodies of water, in the southern part of the reserve, contain brook trout (speckled trout).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: La Vérendrye Wildlife Reserve


text:
Talk:BMT West End Line

There is no link to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Subway from this page.
 * We're getting there... --SPUI (talk) 01:51, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Alternately, Template:sofixit --SPUI (talk) 01:56, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Fixed :)

Service history
pre-1940:
 * 3a
 * 1918-1940: Stillwell-42nd via bridge, express on 4th (ends at Bay Parkway, with shuttle to Stillwell, in rush hours)
 * 3b
 * 1920-1931: Bay Parkway or 62nd-City Hall via tunnel, express on 4th (rush hours)
 * 1931-1940: Bay Parkway or 62nd-CW loop, local on 4th (rush hours)

 * 1916-present: T/TT → B → W → D
 * 1916-1957: Stillwell-bridge, express on 4th
 * 1957-1959: Stillwell-bridge, express on 4th (weekday and Saturday daytime and evenings)
 * T 1959-1967: Stillwell-bridge, express on 4th (weekday rush hours and evenings and Saturday daytime and evenings)
 * TT 1959-1967: Stillwell-Chambers via tunnel, local on 4th (weekday middays)
 * B 1967-1968: Stillwell-bridge, express on 4th (weekday and Saturday daytime and evenings)
 * TT 1957??-1968: Stillwell-36th (late nights and Sundays)
 * B 1968-1986?: Stillwell-bridge, express on 4th (all times; local on 4th late nights)
 * B 1986?-2001: Stillwell-bridge, express on 4th (all times; shuttle to 36th late nights)
 * W 2001-2002: Stillwell-bridge, express on 4th (all times; shuttle to 36th late nights; shuttle to Pacific weekends)
 * W 2002-2004: Stillwell-bridge, express on 4th (all times; local on 4th via tunnel late nights and weekends)
 * D 2004-present: Stillwell-bridge, express on 4th (all times; local on 4th late nights)

 * 1920-1967, 1987-present: TT → M
 * 1920-1931: Bay Parkway or 62nd-City Hall via tunnel, express on 4th (rush hours)
 * 1931-1959: Bay Parkway or 62nd-CW loop, local on 4th (rush hours)
 * TT 1959-1967: Bay Parkway or 62nd-Chambers via tunnel, local on 4th (rush hours)
 * M 1987-1994: Bay Parkway-tunnel, express on 4th (rush hours; to 9th middays)
 * M 1994-1995: Bay Parkway-tunnel, local on 4th (rush hours; to 9th middays)
 * M 1995-2001: Bay Parkway-tunnel, local on 4th (rush hours)
 * M 2001-2004: Bay Parkway-tunnel, local on 4th (rush hours and evenings; to 9th middays)
 * M 2004-present: Bay Parkway-tunnel, local on 4th (rush hours)

In Films
In addition to what is listed in the article, I'd want to add that on February 25, 2005, walking along 86th street between 21st and Bay Parkway I mentioned some parked GM New Look (Fishbowl) Bus, along with some prepared moview cameras light projectors, etc. I guess they were prepared to take some night movie scenese, under the WEst End Line GK tramrunner 00:53, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
 * What movie was it (answer on my discussion page, please)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on BMT West End Line. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151104155926/http://www.earlpleasants.com/search_1.asp to http://www.earlpleasants.com/search_1.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:03, 23 October 2016 (UTC)

"IND West End Line" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect IND West End Line and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 May 4 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Epicgenius (talk) 21:46, 4 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:BMT West End Line


text: User talk:64.109.164.125

title: User talk:64.109.164.125


text:
Talk:Alain Badiou

Minor editing issues
In the second sentence it is said: "Badiou is a prominent figure in an anti-postmodern strand of continental philosophy". Now I of course don't disagree with Badiou being anti-postmodern, but the formulation of the sentence is such that it gives one the idea that that his whole œuvre is about anti-postmodernism. Now I don't know him that well, but what I've heard is just enough to know that that isn't the case, and that is of course also not the case for Žižek and I presume that also counts for Agamben, although I know literally nothing about him. So the sentence should be changed, but I don't feel like I have the knowledge of Badiou's thought to do that without possibly making a big mistake.--Tomvasseur (talk) 22:08, 7 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, I agree with you Tomvasseur. The sentence should be changed. I've thought that misleading also, and it jumps out at me almost every time I re-read the article. That's kind of how it needs to sound in a Wikipedia style lead paragraph, but here it comes across as cursory at best. Maybe you can come up with a revision later on, and/or propose it here. And if I can come up with something, I'll bring it here. Check back in another month or so, or put "Alain Badiou" on your watchlist if you haven't done so, and you can keep track of the changes. I suspect someone else will read this and make a change soon, or state why it should "stay"Christian Roess (talk) 00:33, 8 August 2011 (UTC)

Should there be a specification as to what kind of postmodernism Badiou is against? Durygordonn (talk) 14:22, 10 July 2014 (UTC)

Untitled
It would be good if someone could actually summarize his rather baroque ontology. Alas, that is beyond my abilities for now. Mporter 01:52, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I had the same idea, and hesitated too. But I'll try to add a philosophy section this week. What concepts do you suggest should be treated? I was thinking about something like this:
 * 1. Something general; contrast with "anti-philosophers" and "sophists"
 * 2. Mathematics = ontology
 * 3. Sets and Situations
 * 3.1 "evental site"
 * 4. The Event
 * 5. The Subject
 * 5.1 Four conditions
 * 5.2 Ethics
 * 5.3 E-vil
 * David Sneek

 * Perhaps also the "four conditions of philosophy", the history of philosophy in "Manifesto for Philosophy", modern philosophy as a new sophistry. Something also about how he uses mathematical concepts, which is, so far as I can tell, just as metaphorical and disconnected from actual mathematics as anything attacked by Sokal and Bricmont. In fact, Badiou might be the supreme example of the 'poetic' use (or misuse) of mathematics in modern philosophy, precisely because he goes about it with such comprehensiveness (e.g. he has an ontological exegesis for each separate axiom of ZF set theory). Badiou's relationship to real mathematics is one of the things I'd like to figure out about him. Is he casting light on what mathematics is really about, or is his mathematics just an inspiration and a launchpad for a speculative metaphysics which is really about other realms of being entirely? Mporter 01:24, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I think that to describe the rigor and correlation between mathematics and ontology that Badiou enumerates as 'poetic' usage is tantamount to saying the same regarding physics. I believe what he is doing is describing a strict adherence of the world to the mathematical set-theory, and not simply providing an incredibly detailed metaphor about how ontology seems-like math.  When you look at Badiou as compared to perhaps Deleuze or other thinkers who have dabbled with mathematico-poetic philosophies, a clear difference comes out, and not only in the comprehensive ability of the system to explain situations.  This is my cursory answer to your question. Sgaber

 * Ok, I've updated the schema above a little, and will write something later today . I don't think, btw, that Badiou intends his use of mathematics to be metaphorical or poetic; if ontology is mathematics, axiomatically, then for example the description of 'the event' as 'undecidable', in Gödel's sense, should be taken literally...David Sneek 09:16, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I especially doubt that Badiou's undecidability is the same as Gödel's. Even if he is earnestly trying to 'ontologize' the latter, I think that ultimately he must be conflating two different things. But my access to Badiou's works is too limited to be sure. Mporter 13:04, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I read Badiou's 'undecidability' to be very much like that of Jacque Derrida. If he attempts to related it to Goedel, it may be categorically incorrect since it would be an attempt to find mathematical justification for a moral concept. Derrida presented undecidability as an aspect of authenticity in contrast to Heidegger's 'decision', which can be found in Sein und Zeit, Beitraege, and other 'middle' works.  Zeusnoos 20:34, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * From the dictionary in Being and Event: Undecidability - "...a fundamental attribute of the event(+): its belonging to the situation in which its eventual site (+) is found is undecidable. The intervention (+) consists in deciding at and from this standpoint of undecidability. A statement of set theory is undecidable if neither itself nor its negation can be demonstrated on the basis of the axioms.  The continuum hypothesis (+) is undecidable; hence the errancy of excess (+)." and it should be kept in mind that he insists that 'situation' be cleansed of its Sartrean connotations.  I dont, personally, think that Badiou's concept of undecidability is a moral one specifically.Jimmyq2305 09:06, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Indiemonkey

 * I think the article needs to reflect his theses on art, I know there is an externel link but my feeling is that it has a place within the body of the article. Also if you are going to critise Badiou's use of mathematics I would put that entirely under a new heading and not let it seep into any of the other presentations, and I would be very careful and only do it with credible knowledge as Badiou originally studied math.

Getting the ball rolling
Seeing as there was still no actual writing beyond a bio, I've tried to give a brief run through of Being and Event. (Which for the record is very hard!) It's a veritable balancing act between oversimplification and overcomplexity writing this but I think it grapples with the fundamental cornerstones of the book. (Or some anyway, if I did them all it'd last forever - and I'm mainly using this to get practice writing a paper on him.)

Anyway, feel free to tweak. I've purposefully left out the parts on Evil and religion because they'd probably be better covered in a different section. I've also tweaked the bio myself, primarily because it cast him as a mainline Marxist, which he really isn't.

Cheers,

SHJ.

 * Great work! VoluntarySlave 18:58, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Broken Links

 * Politics: a Non-expressive Dialectics (PDF) is a broken link. Should it be removed? I can't find this PDF anywhere.--Paul Adams 22:20, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
 * It's working again. David Sneek 16:44, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

List of Badiou's books
I hope it is useful; I only copied from the back of his last one.--Cleversnail 13:08, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Maoist?
Well, I really dont know well the philosophy of badiou, but the article says that he's a maoist (school: maoism) and do not explain it (only this stpd one sentence: Another philosopher Jean-Claude Milner identified him with Maoism and has accused Badiou of Anti-Semitism.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.230.63.160 (talk) 14:57, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Um, the article also says Badiou was a member of the Maoism UCFML, and is currently a member of L'Organisation Politique, founded with Maoists from the UCFML; so the connection to Maoism seems pretty clear. The external links section also includes som articles in which Badiou discusses Maoism, e.g. "The Cultural Revolution: The Last Revolution?" and "An Essential Philosophical Thesis: 'It Is Right to Rebel against the Reactionaries'". It would probably be good, though, if the article talked more about some of the specific cases in which Badiou uses his theory of the event; for instance, the discussion of the Bolshevik Revolution as an event, as well as examples of events in art and science.VoluntarySlave (talk) 17:43, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

I question the opening paragraph, which labels him as committed to the "Marxist tradition." While this statement is certainly true, proper Marxists have a lot of problems with Badiou (see the external links in this article!). I feel it would be more appropriate to say that he is committed to a "communist" tradition.75.82.89.248 (talk) 16:23, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

Use in Third World Radical Movements
Does anyone have any further information on Badiou's adoption by revolutionary movements where he is "often read together with Frantz Fanon?" What specific organizations see him as a notable influence? I am not suggesting this is not true, I am just personally curious. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.249.220.73 (talk) 02:49, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

Original research in this article? OR tag? And therefore the article needs to be rewritten?
Original research is the tag at the top, just added by user Bigdaddy1981.

I don't believe this is correct, and does not justify making major changes to the article. But nonetheless more references could be added to support some of the claims. Nothing wrong with backing up the "facts". User BigDaddy has a point.

Some minor quibbles however. Quickly set down here, so apologies for the awkward syntax.

I don't believe it was necessary to remove the line "He had a lively and constant interest in mathematics.". This is true. This is inarguably correct. Badiou's interest was there EARLY. And lively. It is STILL lively.

So an EARLY interest. Little to doubt there, and it would be difficult not to point to Badiou's father Raymond Badiou to back this claim up. Raymond Badiou was a mathematician, a professor of mathematics at lycée Pierre de Fermat. His father was also part of the French resistance and Mayor of Toulouse. These two facts concerning Badiou's father Raymond could arguably point to the origins of what are now recognizable features or obsessions in Alain Badiou's own work: a politics of resistance (see his book Metapolitics, especially the initial chapters) and mathematics The link provided is to Raymond Badiou's Wikipedia page in French for verification.

When Alain Badiou studied under Althusser in the 1960's, Althusser was consistently wary of Badiou's mathematical "coordinates" into the philosophical. Badiou was in Althusser's class which was the initial thrust for the book "Philosophy and the Spontaneous Philosophy of Scientists" by Althusser. And of course, Badiou's first published book was "The Concept of Model" (subtitled: An Introduction to the Materialist Epistemology of Mathematics) which came directly out of a course Althusser initialized. The "course" here was a lecture series, and "The Concept of Model" was Badiou's contribution. (However, May '68 and the student revolts preempted this lecture series by the way, and Badiou was only able to give the first part of his talk "The Concept of Model". Obviously he was "on the barricades" himself and stesses the importance of "fidelity" to the "event" of May '68)

Anyhow, the interest in mathematics seems to have been there from the beginning.

But I'll try to make some changes and recommendations that Big Daddy suggests through these tags that have been added. I don't have time right now. I'll wait to see if someone else takes the initiative, or wants to discuss these issues some more on the talk page before changes are made.Christian Roess (talk) 21:54, 27 March 2010 (UTC)

Definitely too much OR in the "Mathematics as Ontology" section. Billbrock (talk) 16:20, 3 December 2014 (UTC)

The degree of original research in the "Mathematics as Ontology" section is totally unacceptable. This section is basically an apologia for Badiou against a variety of critics. I would suggest that we remove all of the OR, leaving only the summary and the direct quotations from critics. Otherwise, the author should cite a reputable source that defends Badiou. Describing criticisms as "specious" has no place on wikipedia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 160.39.55.203 (talk) 21:15, 6 December 2014 (UTC)

Agreed with the above. It's pretty clear that Badiou, someone who studied under him, or someone who is a dire fan of his completely took over that section after the first criticism; even the terminology ("matheme") changes after the first critical quote. I am removing the apologia entirely -- this is a disgusting use of Wikipedia. I've deleted the particularly bad last paragraph of the section, which is actually an unintelligible (to the lay reader) defense of his own work, but left the rest marked with appropriate warnings for dubiousness and subjectivity. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.94.1.209 (talk) 05:02, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

Alain Badiou: A Life in Writing

 * Alain Badiou: A Life in Writing, The Guardian, 18 May 2012

Good article. Green Cardamom (talk) 16:07, 19 May 2012 (UTC)

Russell's paradox
The article states: "...a set cannot contain or belong to itself. Russell's paradox famously ruled that possibility out of formal logic." I don't know if this was stated in the book or not, but it is completely and embarrassingly wrong. Russell's paradox says nothing about the existence or non-existence of a set containing itself; it is the Axiom of Regularity (mentioned later) that does this. If Regularity is omitted or even denied (i.e. stated that there exist sets belonging to themselves), Russell's paradox would continue to hold.

Russell's paradox is about sets that don't belong to themselves, i.e. "ordinary" everyday sets such as the empty set, the singleton, the set of natural numbers, etc. It states in effect that there are so many such ordinary sets that asserting the collection of all of them is also a set leads to a contradiction: if it belonged to itself, then it wouldn't belong to itself; but if it didn't belong to itself, then it would belong to itself.

In fact, Russell's paradox can be derived from pure first-order logic without any axioms of set theory at all (or in some formulations of it, a mild use of the Axiom of Extensionality, such as the version on my site).

Nmegill (talk) 14:32, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
 * You're quite right. I've removed the incorrect sentence. Thanks for pointing this out. VoluntarySlave (talk) 15:20, 9 April 2013 (UTC)

 * The article still says "there is a strict prohibition on self-belonging; a set cannot contain or belong to itself. Russell's paradox famously ruled that possibility out of formal logic." But still Russell's paradox did not rule this out, it remains possible in formal logic, and indeed several well known set theories has sets with themselves as elements (Aczel's AFA, any set theory with a universal set, and many versions of set theories with urelements).  ZF does preclude it, by the axiom of Regularity. Colin McLarty (talk) 18:40, 26 August 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Alain Badiou. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100818130430/http://www.web.mdx.ac.uk/cahiers/names/regnault.html to http://www.web.mdx.ac.uk/cahiers/names/regnault.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.orgapoli.net/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110716113904/http://slought.org/files/downloads/events/SF_1385.pdf to http://slought.org/files/downloads/events/SF_1385.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:10, 29 June 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Alain Badiou. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100417154037/http://www.web.mdx.ac.uk/cahiers/names/badiou.html to http://www.web.mdx.ac.uk/cahiers/names/badiou.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110908155453/http://www.ciepfc.fr/spip.php?article83 to http://www.ciepfc.fr/spip.php?article83
 * Added tag to http://slought.org/media/media-mp3/1385-2007-11-15-1-Badiou.mp3
 * Added tag to http://lecturecast.sdsc.edu/15858.ram
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091223035619/http://bibliobs.nouvelobs.com/20091217/16522/finkielkraut-badiou-le-face-a-face to http://bibliobs.nouvelobs.com/20091217/16522/finkielkraut-badiou-le-face-a-face
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110516134242/http://www.warwick.ac.uk/philosophy/pli_journal/pdfs/Vol_12/12_12_Bosteels.pdf to http://www.warwick.ac.uk/philosophy/pli_journal/pdfs/Vol_12/12_12_Bosteels.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:25, 30 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alain Badiou


text:
Securities market

Security market is a component of the wider financial market where securities can be bought and sold between subjects of the economy, on the basis of demand and supply. Security markets encompasses stock markets, bond markets and derivatives markets where prices can be determined and participants both professional and non professional can meet.

Securities markets can be split into two levels: primary markets, where new securities are issued, and secondary markets where existing securities can be bought and sold. Secondary markets can further be split into organised exchanges, such as stock exchanges and over-the-counter, where individual parties come together and buy or sell securities directly. For securities holders knowing that a secondary market exists in which their securities may be sold and converted into cash increases the willingness of people to hold stocks and bonds and thus increases the ability of firms to issue securities.

There are a number of professional participants of a securities market and these include; brokerages, broker-dealers, market makers, investment managers, speculators as well as those providing the infrastructure, such as clearing houses and securities depositories.

A securities market is used in an economy to attract new capital, transfer real assets in financial assets, determine prices which will balance demand and supply and provide a means to invest money both short and long term.

Conditions
A securities market is a system of interconnection between all participants (professional and nonprofessional) that provides effective conditions:
 * to attract new capital by means of issuing new security (securitization of debt)
 * to transfer real asset into financial asset
 * to invest money for short or long term periods with the aim of deriving profitability
 * commercial function (to derive profit from operation on this market)
 * price determination (demand and supply balancing, the continuous process of prices movements guarantees to state correct price for each security so the market corrects mispriced securities)
 * informative function (market provides all participants with market information about participants and traded instruments)
 * regulation function (securities market creates the rules of trade, contention regulation, priorities determination)
 * Transfer of ownership (securities markets transfer existing stocks and bonds from owners who no longer desire to maintain their investments to buyers who wish to increase those specific investments
 * Insurance (hedging) of operations though securities market (options, futures, etc.)

Primary market
The primary market is that part of the capital markets that deals with the issue of new securities. Companies, governments or public sector institutions can obtain funding through the sale of a new stock or bond issue. This is typically done through a syndicate of securities dealers. The process of selling new issues to investors is called underwriting. In the case of a new stock issue, this sale is a public offering. Dealers earn a commission that is built into the price of the security offering, though it can be found in the prospectus. Primary markets create long term instruments through which corporate entities borrow from capital market...

Features of primary markets are:

 * This is the market for new long term equity capital. The primary market is the market where the securities are sold for the first time. Therefore, it is also called the new issue market (NIM).
 * In a primary issue, the securities are issued by the company directly to investors.
 * The company receives the money and issues new security certificates to the investors.
 * Primary issues are used by companies for the purpose of setting up new business or for expanding or modernizing the existing business.
 * The primary market performs the crucial function of facilitating capital formation in the economy.
 * The new issue market does not include certain other sources of new long term external finance, such as loans from financial institutions. Borrowers in the new issue market may be raising capital for converting private capital into public capital; this is known as "going public."

Secondary market
The secondary market, also known as the aftermarket, is the financial market where previously issued securities and financial instruments such as stock, bonds, options, and futures are bought and sold. The term "secondary market" is also used to refer to the market for any used goods or assets, or an alternative use for an existing product or asset where the customer base is the second market (for example, corn has been traditionally used primarily for food production and feedstock, but a "second" or "third" market has developed for use in ethanol production). Stock exchange and over the counter markets.

With primary issuances of securities or financial instruments, or the primary market, investors purchase these securities directly from issuers such as corporations issuing shares in an IPO or private placement, or directly from the federal government in the case of treasuries. After the initial issuance, investors can purchase from other investors in the secondary market.

The secondary market for a variety of assets can vary from loans to stocks, from fragmented to centralized, and from illiquid to very liquid. The major stock exchanges are the most visible example of liquid secondary markets – in this case, for stocks of publicly traded companies. Exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange, Nasdaq and the American Stock Exchange provide a centralized, liquid secondary market for the investors who own stocks that trade on those exchanges. Most bonds and structured products trade "over the counter", or by phoning the bond desk of one's broker-dealer. Loans sometimes trade online using a Loan Exchange.

There exists a private secondary market for shares who have not yet went through the IPO process. This market is also known as 'secondaries' because it is a secondary market, although shares are traded privately, typically through registered broker-dealers or between counterparties directly.

Over-the-counter market
Over-the-counter (OTC) or off-exchange trading is to trade financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, commodities or derivatives directly between two parties. It is contrasted with exchange trading, which occurs via facilities constructed for the purpose of trading (i.e., exchanges), such as futures exchanges or stock exchanges. In the U.S., over-the-counter trading in stock is carried out by market makers that make markets in OTCBB and Pink Sheets securities using inter-dealer quotation services such as Pink Quote (operated by Pink OTC Markets) and the OTC Bulletin Board (OTCBB). OTC stocks are not usually listed nor traded on any stock exchanges, though exchange listed stocks can be traded OTC on the third market. Although stocks quoted on the OTCBB must comply with United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reporting requirements, other OTC stocks, such as those stocks categorized as Pink Sheet securities, have no reporting requirements, while those stocks categorized as OTCQX have met alternative disclosure guidelines through Pink OTC Markets. An over-the-counter contract is a bilateral contract in which two parties agree on how a particular trade or agreement is to be settled in the future. It is usually from an investment bank to its clients directly. Forwards and swaps are prime examples of such contracts. It is mostly done via the computer or the telephone. For derivatives, these agreements are usually governed by an International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreement.

This segment of the OTC market is occasionally referred to as the "Fourth Market".

The NYMEX has created a clearing mechanism for a slate of commonly traded OTC energy derivatives which allows counterparties of many bilateral OTC transactions to mutually agree to transfer the trade to ClearPort, the exchange's clearing house, thus eliminating credit and performance risk of the initial OTC transaction counterparts..

Main financial instruments
Bond, Promissory note, Cheque – a security contains requirement to make full payment to the bearer of cheque, Certificate of deposit, Bill of Lading (a Bill of Lading is a "document evidencing the receipt of goods for shipment issued by a person engaged in the business of transporting or forwarding goods." ), Stock.

Promissory note
A promissory note, referred to as a note payable in accounting, or commonly as just a "note", is a contract where one party (the maker or issuer) makes an unconditional promise in writing to pay a sum of money to the other (the payee), either at a fixed or determinable future time or on demand of the payee, under specific terms. They differ from IOU's in that they contain a specific promise to pay, rather than simply acknowledging that a debt exists.

Certificate of deposit
A certificate of deposit or CD is a time deposit, a financial product commonly offered to consumers by banks, thrift institutions, and credit unions. CDs are similar to savings accounts in that they are insured and thus virtually risk-free; they are "money in the bank" (CDs are insured by the FDIC for banks or by the NCUA for credit unions). They are different from savings accounts in that the CD has a specific, fixed term (often three months, six months, or one to five years), and, usually, a fixed interest rate. It is intended that the CD be held until maturity, at which time the money may be withdrawn together with the accrued interest.

Bond
Bond - an issued security establishing its holder's right to receive from the issuer of the bond, within the time period specified therein, The bond may provide for other property rights of its holder, where this is not contrary to legislation.
 * its nominal value
 * and the interest fixed therein on this value or other property equivalent.

Common shares
Common shares represent ownership in a company and a claim (dividends) on a portion of profits. Investors get one vote per share to elect the board members, who oversee the major decisions made by management. Over the long term, common stock, by means of capital growth, yields higher returns than almost every other investment. This higher return comes at a cost since common stocks entail the most risk. If a company goes bankrupt and liquidates, the common shareholders will not receive money until the creditors, and preferred shareholders are paid.

Preferred share
Preferred share represents some degree of ownership in a company but usually doesn't come with the same voting rights (this may vary depending on the company). With preferred shares, investors are usually guaranteed a fixed dividend forever. This is different than common stock, which has variable dividends that are never guaranteed. Another advantage is that in the event of liquidation preferred shareholders are paid off before the common shareholder (but still after debt holders). Preferred stock may also be callable, meaning that the company has the option to purchase the shares from shareholders at any time for any reason (usually for a premium). Some people consider preferred stock to be more like debt than equity.

Professional participants
Professional participants in the securities markets – legal persons, including credit organizations, and also citizens registered as business persons who conduct the following types of activity:

 * Brokerage shall be deemed performance of civil-law transactions with securities as agent or commission agent acting under a contract of agency or commission, and also under a power (letter) of attorney for the performance of such transactions in the absence of indication of the powers of agent or commission agent in the contract.
 * Dealer activity shall be deemed performance of transactions in the purchase and sale of securities in one's own name and for one's own account through the public announcement of the prices of purchase and/or sale of certain securities, with an obligation of the purchase and/or sale of these securities at the prices announced by the person pursuing such activity.
 * Activity in the management of securities shall be deemed performance by a legal person or individual business person, in his own name, for a remuneration, during a stated period, of trust management of the following conveyed into his possession and belonging to another person, in the interests of this person or of third parties designated by this person:

 * 1) securities;
 * 2) monies intended for investment in securities;
 * 3) monies and securities received in the process of securities management.

preparation of bookkeeping documents thereon) and in offsetting these obligations in deliveries of securities
 * Clearing activity shall be deemed activity in determining mutual obligations (collection, collation and correction of information on security deals and

 * Depositary activity shall be deemed the rendering of services in the safekeeping of certificates of securities and/or recording and transfer of rights to securities
 * Activity in the keeping of a register of owners of securities shall be deemed collection, fixing, processing, storage and provision of data constituting a system of keeping the register of security owners
 * Provision of services directly promoting conclusion of civil-law transactions with securities between participants in the securities market shall be deemed activity in the arrangement of trading on the securities market.

title: Securities market


text:
Nutmeg oil

Nutmeg oil is a volatile essential oil from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans). The oil is colorless or light yellow and smells and tastes of nutmeg. It contains numerous components of interest to the oleochemical industry. The essential oil consists of approximately 90% terpene hydrocarbons. Prominent components are sabinene, α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene. A major oxygen-containing component is terpinen-4-ol. The oil also contains small amounts of various phenolic compounds and aromatic ethers, e.g. myristicin, elemicin, safrole, and methyl eugenol. The phenolic fraction is considered main contributor to the characteristic nutmeg odor. However, in spite of the low oil content, the characteristic composition of nutmeg oil makes it a valuable product for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, an improved process for its extraction would be of industrial interest.

General uses
The essential oil is obtained by the steam distillation of ground nutmeg and is used heavily in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. The nutmeg essential oil is used as a natural food flavoring in baked goods, syrups, beverages (e.g. Coca-Cola), sweets, etc. It can then be used to replace ground nutmeg, as it leaves no particles in the food. The essential oil is also used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries for instance in toothpaste and as a major ingredient in some cough syrups.

title: Nutmeg oil


text:
Conmáel

Conmáel, son of Éber Finn, according to medieval Irish legend and historical traditions, became High King of Ireland when he killed Ethriel, son of Íriel Fáid, in the Battle of Rairiu. He was the first Milesian High King to have been born in Ireland, and the first to have been based in Munster. He fought twenty-five battles against the descendants of Érimón, and ruled for thirty years, until he was killed by Tigernmas in the Battle of Óenach Macha. The Eóganachta are said to be his descendants. The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises his reign with the deaths of Samson in ancient Israel, and Fleuthius, king of Assyria. Geoffrey Keating dates his reign from 1239–1209 BC, the Annals of the Four Masters from 1651 to 1621 BC.

title: Conmáel


text:
Talk:12P/Pons–Brooks

Picture(?)
I have an original picture of what i believe is the pons-brooks comet from 1954 ... How can i verify this thanks -- 9 February 2005 68.238.149.3
 * I know this is over a decade late. But if it is a family-taken photograph, it would be "original research" and unfit for inclusion here... in its raw form.
 * Which isn't to say it's not of interest. I for one would love to see it. You might want to publish this elsewhere and then have the publisher grant permission to wikipedia to reproduce it. You would be able to verify if your comet is 12P by showing your comet's position amongst the starfield, and then finding out where 12P's position was, as of 1954. --Zimriel (talk) 18:47, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Uploading an own work or an unpublished family photo is no way original research and of course is acceptable (see WP:IUPC), but the uncertainity around correct indentification could be an issue for its usage. C messier (talk) 16:16, 13 March 2023 (UTC)

Identified with comets C/1385 U1 and C/1457 A1 - not with comets of 1313 or 1668
Maik Mayer has positively identified this comet with the historic comets of 1385 and 1457. The new orbit was published in CBET 4727 (here (paywall), also see here). The identification with comets from 1313 and 1668, mentioned in the Wikipedia article, is wrong: The 1313 comet does not fit, and the 1668 event was not even a comet. Renerpho (talk) 20:15, 3 March 2020 (UTC)
 * The 1668 comet said to have been seen by Europeans is another unrelated object, C/1668 E1. Renerpho (talk) 20:36, 3 March 2020 (UTC)
 * The last perihelion c. March 10, 1668, and the corresponding note 1, is also about this different object. Most of the article's "Discovery" section is completely wrong and better be rewritten from scratch.Renerpho (talk) 20:49, 3 March 2020 (UTC)

 * I added back the claim in the article, as it was published in a peer reviewed journal, but added also the remarks of Maik Mayer concerning those comets. --C messier (talk) 19:21, 27 January 2023 (UTC)

Bonilla's comet speculation
Although this study had its findings published in the news, it was never published in a peer reviewed journal but only in arXiv, which mentions that Materials on this site are not peer-reviewed by arXiv. Preprints aren't reliable sources. Given the extraordinary of the claim, I suggest removing it completely from the article as based on unreliable sources. C messier (talk) 18:09, 7 February 2023 (UTC)

Perihelion
The perihelion maximum has passed, and now has to be updated to the next one. RuduskaMuduska (talk) 14:28, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:12P/Pons–Brooks


text:
Northwest Miramichi River

The Northwest Miramichi River or Elmunokun is a river in New Brunswick, Canada. The Mi'kmaq referred to the river as Elmunokun, possibly meaning "a beaver hole" in reference to a deep pool in the river, just below the mouth of the Big Sevogle River, its second largest tributary, after the Little Southwest Miramichi.

The Northwest Miramichi River has its origins near Big Bald Mountain in the Miramichi Highlands, part of the Appalachian Mountains in Northumberland County. Initially flowing east, the river turns south at the confluence of the Tomogonops River and Portage River. It continues south to Sunny Corner where it becomes tidal, and then flows east. The Northwest Miramichi River joins the Southwest Miramichi River at Newcastle, NB to form the Miramichi River.

The river is noted for Atlantic Salmon fishing. The headwaters offer important spawning sites for Atlantic Salmon; thus, much of the upper river is either closed to fishing, or designated as Crown Reserve and subject to special fishing regulations.

In spring canoeists often run the lower stretch of the river from Miner's Bridge (where the river first crosses Route 430), south to Redbank and Sunny Corner.

Tributaries

 * Little River
 * Tomogonops River
 * Portage River
 * Big Sevogle River
 * Little Sevogle River
 * Little Southwest Miramichi River

title: Northwest Miramichi River