text:
User talk:Wayward

Rumkneebeard the Pyrate
You are right, the account should be blocked indefinetly. Sorry, for messing it up abakharev 01:29, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

Thank you for your support of my RfA
Thank you for your support of my successful request for adminship. I am honoured that the nomination was supported unanimously and that the community expressed confidence that I would use the tools wisely. If you have any concerns please let me know on my talk page. Regards A Y  Arktos 02:00, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

False Claims
You are the vandal, calling me a vandal because it gets you props for IP-killing. 68.110.9.62 10:57, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Lawrence High School perma-block?
Well all of the various 24 hour blocks we've put on have had no effect. I've had a talk with the people at the school, but they are technically illiterate expect much from them.

I think it's time we considered a perma-block on the IP in question. Comments? Maury 23:13, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

ush ush ush.....lets do it!!!

Thanks!
Thank you for your rude auto-revert on the circumcision page. Great work-- keep it up.

Wayward, YOU ROCK!
Thanks for all your work! You deserve major KUDOS in spite of the fact that you are a t-sip! (GIG 'Em Aggies!) =)  Keep up the good work, my friend!

m

My RFA
Nacon kantari  e |t||c|m 23:22, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

Thank you for the clarification
Hi Wayward, Thanks for the clarification about Tawkerbot. I'll re-apply my edits to the Cigarette Smoking Man article. Petrus4 23:08, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

Mariah Carey
Hi. I was told by user:Petaholmes that you are a good copy-editor, and I was wondering if you could take a look at the Mariah Carey article? I'd like it if I wrote perfectly, but I know that I don't, and my eyes tend to glaze over after reading the same thing again and again. I keep going through it, but I'm absolutely certain that I'm not seeing mistakes. If you are too busy or don't want to do it for whatever reason then I won't mind, but I would really appreciate it. Also, please feel free to comment at Peer review/Mariah Carey/archive2 about the state of the article. Thanks! Extraordinary Machine 22:43, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It is no longer protected. Thanks for doing this, I know of a lot of users who will appreciate it. Extraordinary Machine 00:22, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Thank you so much. I can't stress this enough. I just looked at the diff, and I really feel stupid now for not noticing some of the most obvious errors. Thanks again, and if you need any help with anything then feel free to drop me a note on my talk page. Extraordinary Machine 14:23, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Sassanid copy editing
Thanks ! It really needed some serious copy editing. Amir85 13:31, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

vandal
i dont think im from that ip adress tho im from madison wisconsin i come from the high school in monona wisconsin so im srry but i dont no what ur talkin about

George Washington
Greetings,

First, let me thank you for reverting the vandalism done to the George Washington article. With that being said, I have noticed a disturbing tread. I have review the history of the George Washington article and noticed thast the page has been vandalised at least once a day since it was written. Thus, I conclude thta this article is, for some reason, a favorite target of vandals. Most vandals tend to be IP addresses. Is there a way to have the page at least temporarly locked to editing by IP users to reduce if not eliminate future vandalism? God Bless! (Steve 17:01, 15 March 2006 (UTC))

 * Thank you for responing. I have been watching it as well, but I still getting tha hang of how things work around here.  Thanks again for your help (Steve 19:53, 16 March 2006 (UTC))

Revert edit summary script
Hi. You beat me to the punch with that revert to the vandalism on Australia. I noticed you used the edit summary: "Reverted edits by 195.93.21.4 (talk) to last version by Cedar-Guardian". This exact form of words crops up so often, and never with any spelling errors, that I assume you didn't actually type those words, but had it automatically generated using some template. I've asked elsewhere and got no answer to this. What is the template I should use to get that sort of result in the edit summary? Cheers JackofOz 20:20, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Vandalism
Hi, thanks for taking care of my Talk page. I don't know why it was vandalized, but anons who can change addresses like that are pretty much impossible to track. User:Zoe|(talk) 18:04, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

how do u change them soo fast? ur like a god. i bow to u.

Hello Wayward!
Hello Wayward, I am sorry to hear that you have removed my contributions to the website. I wanted to enlighten the public on the facts about John Kerry. He is a "giant douche", and the public must be informed about this. Please let me add this to the article, and please do not change it.

Thank You, Kevin Yang

Sorry :) was testing

who are you? Are you gay?

got a warning by mistake, I think
I caught the anon IP attack on the Pink Floyd article and attempted to rv it. You must have doing the same thing at the same time. I was probably a little too hasty and rv'd your clean up by mistake. If you review my edit history you'll notice I'm a clean user. It did shock me a little though to look at my watchlist and see tawkerbot on my user:talk page. It took my a second to try and figure out what went wrong. True vandals seem to come in waves. It must be tricky to nail them all down. Anyways, cheers! Anger22 18:57, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

you are mean
we were just having fun...y do you spend all your time busting little girls for just playing around. My mom is kinda mad. Anyway have a good time! —This unsigned comment was added by 64.251.53.2 (talk • contribs).

you are mean
we were just having fun...y do you spend all your time busting little girls for just playing around. My mom is kinda mad. Anyway have a good time!

hola senor que tal
como esta, no me gustas porque... no se pero no me gustas. no aucentos. si, no me gustas. chupa me, no me gusta. adios negro power

Trouble User
Hey, I see you have been reverting the tony blair article as well. Can you give the user user:82.12.240.233 a warning so we can block him? Thanks. --OrbitOne 20:02, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Reversion on Hamilton (district)
You reverted my addition of a copyvio notice on Hamilton (district), via, I assume pgk's bot in #vandalism-en-wp. This was incorrect, as the copyvio notice is valid. Please be more careful in the future. Thanks! 134.10.12.226 00:35, 25 March 2006 (UTC) (User:JesseW/not logged in)

Copyedit
Thanks for the copyedit... to Retreat of glaciers since 1850. An article as big as this one is tough to see all the fine tuning it needs sometimes, so an extra set of eyes always helps.--MONGO 09:01, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

A KISS Rfa Thanks
Thank you, I've been promoted. psch e  mp  |  talk  01:24, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Rosalind Franklin
You have contributed to the Rosalind Franklin article. It has recently had a rewrite and been had a request for peer review. Your comments would be appreciated. Alun 14:32, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

bug
Hi! I think there is a little bug in your monobook.js: in the function addToolBoxLinks the code:

doesn't work if in the main namespace (that is, if there is no ":" in the URL). --Salvatore Ingala 21:04, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

your reversions
they are lies.ɵ

Copyedit
I've got an article - Don Dunstan - currently under peer review. You've been suggested as a good non-Australian copyeditor, is there any chance you'd be able to take a look? Thanks. :) michael talk 08:33, 31 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you for that! Is there any particular Australian terminology that made the article harder to understand or degrades its readability? michael talk 11:26, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Jesus - sprotect or protect
Re: Jesus I went to edit the article, but there were no edit links. I assumed it had full protection, but no, it was only semi-protected. As a registered and logged on user, why couldn't I see the edit links? Anyway, now you have made it fully protected. Whether that was the other administrator's intention, I don't know. It seemed an over-reaction to me. I have asked him user:slrubenstein(sp?) on his talk page. rossnixon 09:06, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Request
Hi, if you have the time could you please have a go at copyedting Frank Macfarlane Burnet. Thanks. --Peta 03:12, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

Another request
Hi, I have an article about Mount Tambora being peer-reviewd. User:Petaholmes has suggested me to ask you to copyedit the article. Could you please help me that? I see from your talk page, that you have many requests for copyediting and you're one of the best copyeditors in WP. I hope you wouldn't mind to give your skill in the article. Thanks a lot in advance. Cheers. — Indon ( reply ) — 07:31, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

 * [[Image:WikiThanks.png|43px|left]] Thank you for your copyedits of the Toraja article. You are really the best copyeditor in WP. Cheers. — Indon ( reply ) — 08:34, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Featured article candidates/History of Solidarity
During the FAC review it has been suggested that the article needs a copyedit (as it was written by a non-native speaker, i.e., me). I'd greatly appreciate your help, and of course, comments at the FAC page.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 03:14, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

sorry
Sorry, I didn't alter the chuck liddell website. I live in a fraternity and someone using my computer must have doen that. Sorry for the inconvenience.

Need response
I have not edited anything since a year ago when I fixed something and was blamed for vandalization on a page I was never on. Please do not blame me for things I have not done unless you prove to me someone on my IP has done it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:65.94.111.34 is what I an referencing. Also, this is not the IP address I recognize from before, and I just got the alertfor the message today.

OK, you know what? i was angry there, but all i want to know is what was vandalized. sorry for bothering you.

ok, 3rd time. I checked what it was you had a problem with, don't even know who john tory is, and i hope we can figure out what the problem is.

Dec 20: ok, I did what you said, if you find theres a problem again, ban my IP from editing Wikipedia.

Congratulations
Congratulations, you reverted my vandalism test within under 10 seconds. Good work. Sorry for the inconvenience. --Unregistered User —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 89.61.67.163 (talk) 15:07, 17 February 2007 (UTC).

stupidville

NRA member
Hi, I saw in your user page that you are a member of the NRA and I was wondering if you would be willing to add Category:Wikipedians who are members of the NRA to the page so that you can be counted there. Thanks! -- Kimon talk 21:27, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

WP:CVU status
The Counter-Vandalism Unit project is under consideration to be moved to and/or  status. Another proposal is to delete or redirect the project. You have been identified as a project member and your input as to this matter would be welcomed at WT:CVU and at the deletion debate. Thank you! Delivered on behalf of xaosflux 17:48, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

Up yours!
F U communist —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.28.196.10 (talk) 08:22, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

Albert Fish Letter
For some reason you keep removing a line from the Albert Fish letter on the "Albert Fish" article. This line is directly from the source, from the original letter. I'm not really sure why you'd remove it, as it is part of a quotation. It is cited and takes about 10 seconds to verify. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.65.204.82 (talk) 21:05, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Test4b-n
Template:Test4b-n has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you.  MBisanz  talk 02:33, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Test4b-n
Template:Test4b-n has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you.  MBisanz  talk 02:37, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have (or very recently had) enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion, guidelines for use at WP:MINOR). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and all users will still be able to manually mark their edits as being minor in the usual way.

For well-established users such as yourself there is a workaround available involving custom JavaScript. If you have any problems, feel free to drop me a note.

Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 20:40, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

Minnesota Model
I wanted to know more about the Minnesota Model. I searched it on Wikipedia only to find that the article had been deleted by you. Can you tell me anything about the article? Can you tell me why you deleted it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Acmedad (talk • contribs) 20:25, 13 October 2012 (UTC)

Notification of pending suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in over one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions will be removed pending your return if you do not return to activity within the next month. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated should this occur, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e. as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised, that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions, and that you have not been inactive for a three year period of time). If you remain inactive for a three year period of time, including the present year you have been inactive, you will need to request reinstatement at WP:RFA. This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 04:48, 11 May 2014 (UTC)

Request for comment
Hello there, a proposal regarding pre-adminship review has been raised at Village pump by. Your comments here is very much appreciated. Many thanks. Jim Carter through MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 06:47, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

Global account
Hi Wayward! As a Steward I'm involved in the upcoming unification of all accounts organized by the Wikimedia Foundation (see m:Single User Login finalisation announcement). By looking at your account, I realized that you don't have a global account yet. In order to secure your name, I recommend you to create such account on your own by submitting your password on Special:MergeAccount and unifying your local accounts. If you have any problems with doing that or further questions, please don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Cheers, —DerHexer (Talk) 23:44, 18 January 2015 (UTC)

Notification of pending suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in over one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions will be removed pending your return if you do not return to activity within the next month. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated should this occur, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e. as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised, that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions, and that you have not been inactive for a three-year period of time). If you remain inactive for a three-year period of time, including the present year you have been inactive, you will need to request reinstatement at WP:RFA. This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. MadmanBot (talk) 00:30, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

Notification of imminent suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in over one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions will be removed pending your return if you do not return to activity within the next several days. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated should this occur, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e. as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised, that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions, and that you have not been inactive for a three-year period of time). If you remain inactive for a three-year period of time, including the present year you have been inactive, you will need to request reinstatement at WP:RFA. This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. MadmanBot (talk) 00:30, 23 May 2015 (UTC)

Inactivity
Hi Wayward. Per your recent inactivity, I have removed your sysop userright. Good luck for the future. Worm TT( talk ) 10:11, 1 June 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wayward


text:
User talk:Theleinwebers

Governor Bond Recinds Exterminaion Order
In 1976, Governor Christopher S. Bond of Missouri revoked the cruel and unconstitutional extermination order issued by Governor Lilburn W. Boggs against the Mormons in 1838.

Governor Bond's order reads as follows:

"WHEREAS, on October 27, 1838, the Governor of the State of Missouri, Lilburn W. Boggs, signed an order calling for the extermination or expulsion of Mormons from the State of Missouri; and

WHEREAS, Governor Boggs' order clearly contravened the rights to life, liberty, property and religious freedom as guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States, as well as the Constitution of the State of Missouri; and

WHEREAS, in this bicentennial year as we reflect on our nation's heritage, the exercise of religious freedom is without question one of the basic tenets of our free democratic republic;

Now, THEREFORE, I, CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Governor of the State of Missouri, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the State of Missouri, do hereby order as follows: Expressing on behalf of all Missourians our deep regret for the injustice and undue suffering which was caused by the 1838 order, I hereby rescind Executive Order Number 44, dated October 27, 1838, issued by Governor Lilburn W. Boggs.

In witness I have hereunto set my hand and caused to be affixed the great seal of the State of Missouri, in the city of Jefferson, on this 25 day of June, 1976. (Signed) Christopher S. Bond, Governor."

LDS leaders give appreciation:

[Spencer W. Kimball, “A Report and a Challenge,” Ensign, Nov. 1976, 4

Gordon B. Hinckley, “The Church Grows Stronger,” Ensign, May 2004, 4]

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Theleinwebers


text:
Centrolecithal

Centrolecithal (Greek kentron = center of a circle, lekithos = yolk) describes the placement of the yolk in the centre of the cytoplasm of ova. Many arthropod eggs are centrolecithal.

During cytokinesis, centrolecithal zygotes undergo meroblastic cleavage, where the cleavage plane extends only to the accumulated yolk and is superficial. This is due to the large dense yolk found within centrolecithal eggs and triggers a delayed embryonic development.

title: Centrolecithal


text:
Battle of Arras (1940)

The Battle of Arras took place on 21 May 1940, during the Battle of France in the Second World War. Following the German invasion of the Low Countries on 10 May, French and British forces advanced into Belgium. The German campaign plan Fall Gelb (Case Yellow) had evolved into a decoy operation in the Netherlands and Belgium, with the main effort through the Ardennes. German units crossed the Meuse without waiting for reinforcements at the Battle of Sedan. Instead of consolidating bridgeheads on the west bank of the Meuse, the Germans began an advance down the Somme river valley towards the English Channel.

The Allies were thrown into confusion and their attempts to cut off the panzer spearheads degenerated into sporadic, un-coordinated counter-attacks which never achieved sufficient concentration to succeed as the main Allied armies were in Belgium. The offensive at Arras was planned by the British and French to relieve the pressure on the British garrison in the town of Arras and was not coordinated with an attack by the French from the south of the German panzer corridor.

Constrained by the limited forces available to them, the Anglo-French offensive was carried out by a small mixed force of British and French tanks and infantry who advanced south from Arras. The Allies made some early gains and panicked a number of German units but after an advance of up to 10 km, they were forced to withdraw after dark to avoid encirclement. The attack was a failure but had a disproportionate effect on Hitler and Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW, German armed forces high command).

Concern about more Anglo-French counter-attacks against the panzer corridor before non-motorised German infantry divisions caught up, led Hitler to order the panzer advance to stop until the situation at Arras had been restored. The Allies used the pause to reinforce the Channel Ports, prevent their rapid capture and fortify the western approaches to Dunkirk before the Germans arrived, making the evacuation of the British and French forces in Operation Dynamo possible.

Background
Army Group A (Generaloberst Gerd von Rundstedt) defeated the French at the Battle of Sedan from 12 to 15 May and crossed the Meuse. A French counter-attack at the Battle of Montcornet on 17 May by the 4e Division Cuirassée (4e DCr, Colonel Charles de Gaulle), from Montcornet to the south, was defeated by an improvised defence and the 10th Panzer Division, which was rushed forward on the French flank. The German counter-attacks were supported by Fliegerkorps VIII (Generaloberst Wolfram von Richthofen) and the French lost 32 tanks and armoured vehicles. On 19 May, after receiving reinforcements, the 4e DCr attacked again and was repulsed with the loss of 80 of 155 of its vehicles, much of the loss being caused by the aircraft of Fliegerkorps VIII, which attacked French units as they massed to attack the flanks of German units. By the end of the Battle of Montcornet, much of the French Ninth Army on the Meuse had disintegrated under the attacks of Fliegerkorps VIII.

German spearheads broke through the Peronne–Cambrai gap and threatened Boulogne and Calais, cutting the lines of communication of the Allied armies of Groupe d'armées 1 (General Gaston Billotte) in the North-East Theatre of Operations (Général d'armée Alphonse Joseph Georges), separating them from the main French armies south of the Somme. On 19 May, General Edmund Ironside, the British Chief of the Imperial General Staff, conferred with Lord Gort, commander of the BEF, at his headquarters near Lens and urged Gort to save the BEF, by attacking towards Amiens to the south-west but Gort had only two divisions available for an attack. Ironside met Billotte, finding him apparently incapable of taking action. Ironside returned to Britain and ordered urgent anti-invasion measures.

On the morning of 20 May, General Maurice Gamelin, the Commander-in-chief of the French armed forces, ordered the armies trapped in Belgium and northern France to fight their way south, to link up with French forces attacking northwards from the Somme river. On the evening of 19 May, the French Prime Minister Paul Reynaud had sacked Gamelin and replaced him with General Maxime Weygand. Weygand cancelled the orders and after a delay, ordered a similar counter-offensive from the north and south against the German "corridor", to break the encircled armies out of the pocket. In the north the British combined their available divisions with the 50th Infantry Division, which was holding the Vimy area, to create a contingent which was code-named Frankforce. Frankforce was to hold the line of the river Scarpe to the east of Arras with the 5th Infantry Division, while the rest of the force attacked to the south of Arras and the new French Groupe d'Armées 3 (Général d'armée Antoine-Marie-Benoît Besson) attacked north from the Somme.

King Leopold III of Belgium told Gort that he did not expect the BEF to risk itself to keep contact with the Belgian army, but warned the British that if they persisted with the southern offensive, the Belgians would be overstretched and collapse. Leopold suggested that the Allies should establish a beachhead covering Dunkirk and the Belgian channel ports instead. The BEF reinforced Arras despite Gort having doubts about the French plan. (Billotte took part in a meeting in Ypres from 19 to 21 May. Driving back after this meeting, he had a road accident. Billotte fell into a coma and died soon afterwards, leaving the Allied Groupe d'Armées 1 (1st Army Group) leaderless for three days; around that time, the British decided to evacuate from the Channel ports.

German advance
The 7th Panzer Division had captured Cambrai and advanced to the area south of Arras. For 21 May, the division was ordered to wheel west around Arras and attack to the north, capturing crossings over the Scarpe at Acq, a risky manoeuvre since the right flank would be vulnerable to a counter-attack from Arras. The 5th Panzer Division (Lieutenant-General Max von Hartlieb-Walsporn) was to attack so as to relieve pressure on the 7th Panzer Division (the division was delayed and never managed to fulfil its orders). Rommel ordered Panzer-Regiment 25 to probe towards Acq 10 km forward with two motorised infantry regiments to follow later, which left most of the division without tanks. Rommel led the advance but returned around 4:00 p.m. when the infantry failed to arrive and at the positions of Schützen-Regiment 7 (Fusilier or Rifle Regiment), found himself under attack by tanks and infantry.

Allied preparations
Georges ordered General d'Astier de la Vigerie, commander of Zone d'Opérations Aériennes Nord of the armée de l'Air to support the British attack but sent no details of the attack front, no targets and no zero hour for the attack. D'Astier was also unable to contact the First Army headquarters or the HQ of the Air Component RAF of the BEF, which was out of action, as it was moving back to bases in England. French reconnaissance aircraft were shot down or chased away until 4:00 p.m., when aircraft got through to Arras and found no activity around Cambrai. Major-General Harold Franklyn, commander of the British 5th Infantry Division was put in charge of Frankforce, improvised from his division, the 50th (Northumbrian) Motor Division (Major-General Giffard Martel) and the 74 tanks of the 1st Army Tank Brigade. Frankforce had moved to the vicinity of Vimy, north of Arras to reinforce the Allied garrison at Arras, for a counter-attack to the south, to cut German communications in the vicinity. Franklyn had detached a brigade each from the 5th Infantry Division and the 50th Motor Division, which had only two instead of the usual three brigades each. Franklyn was not aware of a French push northwards toward Cambrai and the French were ignorant of a British attack south toward Arras.

Franklyn had support from the French Corps de Cavalerie (Lieutenant-General René Prioux) of the French First Army, which had fought at the Battle of Hannut (12–14 May) with its SOMUA S35 cavalry tanks. Many of the tanks of the 1ère Division Légère Mécanique (1ère DLM) had been destroyed in the earlier battles and the rest had been distributed among infantry divisions and could not be reassembled in time, despite threats to court-martial officers who refused to release the tanks. By 21 May, Prioux could only contribute a few tanks of the 3ième Division Légère Mécanique (3e DLM). The attack had been intended to be made by two French and two British infantry divisions but Frankforce comprised only about 15,000 men, after the detachment of brigades to the defence of Arras, the river to the east and into reserve. The defensive deployments left only the 6th and 8th battalions of the Durham Light Infantry (DLI), of 151st Brigade and one in reserve as well as the 13th Infantry Brigade, supporting the 4th Royal Tank Regiment (4th RTR) and the 7th Royal Tank Regiment (7th RTR), a force of about 2,000 men and 74 tanks. The tanks were 58 Matilda Is, thickly armoured but equipped only with a machine gun and 16 Matilda II tanks, very well armoured and carrying a 2-pounder gun and a machine-gun.

Allied plan
The original instructions given to Franklyn had been to plan a limited attack south of Arras, to relieve the garrison. Changes made by Ironside for a more ambitious combined attack with the French, were not communicated to Franklyn, who used most of Frankforce defensively, to reinforce Arras and relieve the French Cavalry Corps to the east of the town. Martel was ordered to plan an attack to

"... clear and capture the area south of the River Scarpe from inclusive southern outskirts of Arras including Pelves and Monchy thence line of Cojeul river as far as Arras–Bapaume."

- Ellis

an area of over 40 sqmi. A force based on the 151st Infantry Brigade (Brigadier J. A. Churchill), was to advance from the west of Arras and move round to the Cojeul River; the 13th Infantry Brigade (Brigadier M. C. Dempsey) of the 5th Infantry Division was then to cross the river and advance southwards from the east side of Arras, to meet the 151st Infantry Brigade. A Right Column of the 7th RTR, 8th DLI, 365th Battery, 92nd Field Regiment RA, 260th Battery, 65th (Norfolk Yeomanry) Anti-Tank Regiment RA, a platoon of the 151st Brigade Anti-Tank Company and a motor-cycle scout platoon of the 4th Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers and a Left Column of the 4th RTR, 6th DLI, 368th Battery, 92nd Field Regiment RA, 206th Battery, 52nd Anti-Tank Regiment RA, a platoon of the 151st Brigade Anti-Tank Company, one company and a scout platoon of the 4th Northumberland Fusiliers, were to cross the Arras–Doullens road at 2:00 p.m., which meant that the infantry would have to make an 8 mi approach march to reach the jumping-off point, over roads filled with traffic and refugees.

3e DLM
An advance by the 3e DLM, to screen the right flank of the British force was also poorly prepared with insufficient liaison, the French not being told of the timing and direction of the British attack. In the confusion an exchange of fire occurred between the French SOMUA S35s and British anti-tank guns near Warlus. An anti-tank gun was knocked out, British soldiers were killed and several French tanks hit before the mistake was discovered. During the evening, the French force, with about six SOMUAs, engaged Panzer-Regiment 25 south of Duisans. British troops were retreating and by the time the German tanks broke through, the British had escaped.

Right Column
The time taken by the infantry to reach the assembly points for the attack, through the refugee traffic on the roads, left little time to study their orders or reconnoitre. Marœuil was being bombarded when the 50th (Northumbrian) Motor Division began the advance. The Right Column advanced at 2:30 p.m. and received small-arms fire from a wood. The column had to fight through Duisans, which was occupied by German infantry and French tanks on the right, reported tanks of Panzer-Regiment 25 of the 7th Panzer Division to the west. Two companies of the 8th DLI and two troops of the 260th Anti-Tank Battery were left to garrison the village and then the depleted column captured Warlus against stronger opposition and had to leave another garrison behind. Berneville to the south was also captured and a party of the 7th RTR and 8th DLI pressed on to the Arras–Doullens road, where they met part of Schützen-Regiment 7 and troops of the SS-Totenkopf Division.

The British were forced under cover by machine-gun and mortar fire and the Luftwaffe attacked the Right Column for twenty minutes. Junkers Ju 87 Stukas belonging to I, and III Gruppen, Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 dive-bombed British forces at Arras. I Gruppe Sturzkampfgeschwader 77 is known to have bombed infantry positions north of Arras. The tanks kept going and then reached Wailly, where they met troops of the Totenkopf Division. The advanced guard suffered many casualties, retreated to Warlus and German tanks counter-attacked at Warlus and Duisans. The German attacks were repulsed but managed to cut the road between the villages and the Right Column was unable to advance further.

Left Column
The Left Column also met resistance as soon as it advanced and fought its way through Schützen-Regiment 6 at Dainville. Another 2 mi further on at Achicourt, six Matildas overran a line of anti-tank guns and then the column kept going to Agny and Beaurains, before a party reached Wancourt on the Cojeul. Infantry garrisoned Agny and Beaurains and the 4th RTR repulsed German counter-attacks by tanks and Schützen-Regiment 7, on the right flank of the 7th Panzer Division; the British then took ground south of Beaurains. Fighting went on all afternoon between Mercatel and Tilloy, where the tanks ran into a line of anti-aircraft guns and artillery, including 88 mm Flak guns and many of the tanks were knocked out. Individual tanks kept going but there were no reserves to consolidate and exploit the success and the advance was stopped in mutually-costly fighting. To the east of Arras, the 150th Infantry Brigade attacked across the Scarpe towards Tilloy and the 13th Infantry Brigade captured a bridgehead further east, ready for the second phase of the attack by Frankforce.

7th Panzer Division
Schützen-Regiment 6 was attacked while advancing towards Agny by a British column advancing from Dainville, which knocked out several vehicles; more British tanks attacked from the north and caught the regimental convoys strung out along the road on their right flank. Panzerjägerabteilung 42 (42nd Anti-Tank Battalion) was rushed up to the area between Agny and Beaurains, but was overrun by the British tanks. After breaking through Schützen-Regiment 6, they attacked the transport of Schützen-Regiment 7 between Mercatel and Ficheux and then pressed on, throwing the motorised Totenkopf Division into confusion and almost overrunning its headquarters. When the British tanks broke through the German anti-tank screen, the infantry stood their ground, encouraged by Rommel, even after the British tanks had rolled over their anti-tank guns.

At around 4:00 p.m. (German time) II Battalion, Schützen-Regiment 7 was attacked by about 40 British tanks, which were engaged by artillery on Hill 111, roughly 1 km north-west of Wailly. German 88 mm FlaK guns knocked out several Matilda I tanks. Some larger Matilda II tanks among the Matilda Is advanced through the artillery and anti-tank fire unscathed, German shells bouncing off their armour. The tanks destroyed the German anti-tank guns with return fire and rolled over them, killing the crews. The British tanks were eventually stopped short of Hill 111 by fire from another artillery battery but other tanks bypassed the area on both sides. On the southern flank of the 7th Panzer Division, the Totenkopf Division was attacked and some SS troops fled in panic.

Allied retirement
The maximum depth of the British advance was 10 mi; 400 German prisoners had been taken, many tanks and much equipment had been destroyed but two Matilda IIs had been knocked out. Only 26 Matilda Is were still operational and both tank battalion commanders had been killed; during the evening, Franklyn ordered both columns to withdraw. French cavalry remained near Warlus, was surrounded during the night and only a few tanks managed to break out. The infantry of the Right Column in Warlus were rescued, because six French tanks arrived with two armoured infantry vehicles and broke out through the German position on the Warlus–Duisans road. The garrison in Duisans also retired after dark, in the Bren carriers of the 9th DLI, covered by the anti-tank guns of the brigade reserve in Marœuil. The Left Column troops in Agny and Beaurains were bombed and then attacked by tanks as they retreated, one party missing the road (and eventually reaching Boulogne). The 7th Panzer Division laagered overnight south of Dainville, with advanced parties of infantry close to the south bank of the Scarpe.

Analysis
In 1953, Lionel Ellis, the British official historian wrote that the attack at Arras succeeded in easing German pressure round Arras and delaying the encirclement of the BEF. The ground between Arras and the Cojeul was re-occupied and there was no serious German attack on the town, Rommel making the alarmist claim that the attack was made by five divisions. Beyond the delay imposed on German moves and the many casualties inflicted on the Germans, the attack was bound to fail without a force sufficiently powerful to follow up and consolidate the captured ground. Rundstedt, the commander of Army Group A, had intended that the panzer divisions should rest after the exertions on 20 May. In 1978, Cooper wrote that the attack at Arras led to the German higher commanders to continue to attack northwards, to capture the channel ports.

Attacking to the south-west was rejected and OKH ordered Panzergruppe von Kleist to capture Boulogne and Calais, about 50 mi away. Apprehension of another Allied attack caused Rundstedt to order Panzergruppe Hoth to remain in position, the XLI Corps (Reinhardt) sent a division eastwards as a precaution and Kleist diverted the 10th Panzer Division and parts of the 1st Panzer Division and the 2nd Panzer Division from XIX Corps (Guderian) to hold the bridgehead over the Somme, which slowed the advance to Dunkirk from the beginning. XIX Corps attacked again at 8:00 a.m. on 22 May but was still hampered by a "near paralysis" in the German command, Rundstedt ordering that the instructions from OKH were to be ignored and the advance on Boulogne and Calais would have to wait. At 12:40 p.m. Rundstedt countermanded his own order but for five hours, the panzers had waited on the Amache river.

In 2005, Frieser wrote that Allied planning was notable for its failure to cut the panzer corridor when there were insufficient German motorised divisions to consolidate behind the panzer divisions and the non-motorised divisions were several days' march away. The corridor was only 40 km wide at Arras and vulnerable to a pincer movement; The Allies could have achieved a Clausewitzian counter-encirclement and cut off the panzers on the channel coast. Halder had been willing to run the risk, because of the incapacity of the Allies to achieve a fast tempo of operations. The Allied attack was contained because Rommel improvised a gun line of anti-tank guns and anti-aircraft guns, that managed to stop some of the lighter British tanks; the infantry tanks, particularly the Matilda IIs, proved very difficult to knock out with the standard 37 mm anti tank gun.

Rommel also used wireless to order another gun line quickly to be set up with artillery and several 88 mm FlaK 36 anti-aircraft guns much further back, which knocked out 24 tanks in a few minutes on the flat ground between Mercatel and Tilloy. Just after 6:00 p.m., Junkers Ju 87 Stukas of Fliegerkorps I and VIII arrived and made 300 attacks on the retiring tanks by 8:30 p.m. Rommel ordered Panzer-Regiment 25 to return and cut off the British tanks but south of Duisans it met French tanks covering the British right flank and only pushed through after a long and costly engagement. When the German tanks had broken through a British anti-tank gun line, between Duisans and Warlus, the British tanks had already returned; the British attack had turned into a disaster and only 28 of the 88 tanks committed returned to their start line. The 6th Panzer Division signalled that "a strong enemy force was making a breakthrough" which caused alarm Panzergruppe Kleist. Kleist ordered the 6th Panzer Division and 8th Panzer Division eastwards to counter the Allied breakthrough. In the aftermath the Germans treated the Battle of Arras as a minor defeat for the Allies.

Casualties
Rommel noted in his diary that his division had lost 89 men killed, 116 wounded and 173 men missing and captured, as many as the first four days of operations, which included the Meuse crossing, although 90 of the missing returned to their units. In 1953, Lionel Ellis, the British official historian, quoted the 7th Panzer Division war diary, which recorded the loss of nine medium and several light tanks, 378 men killed or wounded and 173 missing; British records noted some 400 Germans taken prisoner. The British lost around 100 men killed or wounded in the attack, it is unknown how many French soldiers became casualties in the engagement. Frankforce lost sixty of the 88 tanks in the attack.

Subsequent operations
The main French attack on Cambrai took place on 22 May and like the attack on 21 May, the force involved was much smaller than intended. The Tenth Army commander, General Robert Altmayer, should have attacked with the V Corps and tanks of the Prioux Cavalry Corps but only an infantry regiment and two depleted tank battalions could be assembled in time. The panzer divisions had moved on, only small detachments having been left in Cambrai and the marching infantry divisions were not due until later in the day. The French attack reached the fringe of Cambrai only to be stopped by the Luftwaffe and forced to retreat.

Halt orders
Frieser wrote that the Franco-British counter-attack at Arras, had a disproportionate effect on the Germans because the higher commanders were apprehensive about flank security. Ewald von Kleist, the commander of Panzergruppe von Kleist perceived a "serious threat" and informed Lieutenant-General Franz Halder, Chief of the General Staff of Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH), that he had to wait until the crisis was resolved before continuing. Colonel-General Günther von Kluge, the 4th Army commander, ordered the tanks to halt, with the support of Rundstedt. On 22 May, when the attack had been repulsed, Rundstedt ordered that the situation at Arras must be restored before Panzergruppe von Kleist moved on Boulogne and Calais. At OKW the panic was worse and Hitler contacted Army Group A on 22 May, to order that all mobile units were to operate either side of Arras and infantry units were to operate to the east.

The crisis among the higher staffs of the German army was not apparent at the front and Halder formed the same conclusion as Guderian; that the real threat was that the Allies would retreat to the channel coast too quickly and a race for the channel ports began. Guderian ordered the 2nd Panzer Division to capture Boulogne, the 1st Panzer Division to take Calais and the 10th Panzer division to seize Dunkirk. Most of the BEF and the French First Army were still 100 km from the coast but despite delays, British troops were sent from England to Boulogne and Calais just in time to forestall the XIX Corps panzer divisions on 22 May. Frieser wrote that had the panzers advanced at the same speed on 21 May as they had on 20 May, before the halt order stopped their advance for 24 hours, Boulogne and Calais would have fallen. Without a halt at Montcornet on 15 May and the second halt on 21 May after the Battle of Arras, the final halt order of 24 May would have been irrelevant, because Dunkirk would have already been captured by the 10th Panzer Division.

Commemoration
The battle honour Defence of Arras was awarded to the British units involved in the counter-attack.

title: Battle of Arras (1940)


text:
Rachel Siewert

Rachel Mary Siewert (born 4 November 1961) is an Australian politician. She was a senator for Western Australia from 2005 to 2021, representing the Australian Greens, and served as the party's co-deputy leader from 2017 to 2018. She previously worked as coordinator of the Conservation Council of Western Australia.

Early life
Siewert was born in Sydney on 4 November 1961. Her family moved to Perth when she was 13. She completed a Bachelor of Science in agriculture at the University of Western Australia. At university she became involved in the anti-nuclear movement. She subsequently worked as a research officer with the state Department of Agriculture from 1984 to 1987, studying salinity and soil conservation in Jerramungup.

Siewert was the coordinator of the Conservation Council of Western Australia from 1987 to 2004, initially as the organisation's only paid staff member. In 2003 she was awarded the Bessie Rischbieth Conservation Award.

Siewert was co-convener of The Greens (WA) from 2002 to 2004.

Political career
Siewert was first elected to the Senate at the 2004 federal election, to a term beginning on 1 July 2005. She was re-elected to a second term at the 2010 election. She was placed second on her party's Senate ticket in Western Australia at the 2016 election, which followed a double dissolution, and was originally elected to a three-year term. However, following Scott Ludlam's disqualification during the parliamentary eligibility crisis she was declared elected to his six-year term expiring in 2022.

Siewert is the Australian Greens Whip, chairs the Senate Community Affairs References Committee and is a member of the Expert Panel on Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians. She served as co-deputy leader of the parliamentary Greens from November 2017 to December 2018, alongside Adam Bandt.

As of 2020, Siewert acts as the Greens' spokeswoman for the portfolios of health; mental health; family, ageing and community services; and gambling.

Siewart has served on the "Inquiry into the destruction of 46,000 year old caves at the Juukan Gorge in the Pilbara region of Western Australia", which delivered its interim report in December 2020.

In July 2020, Siewert announced that she would not recontest her seat at the 2022 federal election. In August 2021, she announced she would resign from the Senate in September 2021, creating a casual vacancy. In September 2021, Siewart formally resigned from the Senate. A joint sitting of the Parliament of Western Australia appointed Dorinda Cox to fill the vacancy on 14 September 2021.

Personal life
Siewert is divorced and has one son.

title: Rachel Siewert


text:
Talk:Battle of Arras (1940)

Additional info from here, but it's an article on the entire Western Front.

British tactical victory
...is nonsense. It failed to achieve anything. The ground taken was recovered in hours. I have added citations to cover the article, it was sadly lacking. Dapi89 (talk) 14:46, 23 November 2008 (UTC)

Nonsense on Rommel's 7th
The articles states under the heading 'battle' that Rommel's (7.PD) Panzer II and III were thrown in. Apparently the editor had no proper sources available. The 7th was equipped with 34 off Pz.I, 68 off Pz.II, 24 off Pz.IV and the balance T-35 and T-38 (ref: Jentz and KTB 7.PD). No Pz.III whatsoever. Grebbegoos (talk) 00:53, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

CE
Tidied existing citations, added references and parachuted a section into the Aftermath on the halt orders.Keith-264 (talk) 12:46, 31 August 2015 (UTC)

Poorly written
Large sections need rewriting. It is difficult to distinguish who is German, British or French in sections.90.195.174.161 (talk) 11:00, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you could point out where here so we can decide on remedies. I apologise for not indicating earlier that it's in Briteng but I've only just installed the script that does it.Keith-264 (talk) 11:12, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

Pic additions
Moved some and cut others for space and relevance. Happy to discuss. RegardsKeith-264 (talk) 11:41, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

3rd Panzer Division
Links to the 3rd SS Pz Div, is this a mistake? Keith-264 (talk) 11:57, 2 December 2017 (UTC)

Recent edits
Use German terms by all means but remember to give the English translation in brackets after the first use of the term. Note also that putting the unit number at the back helps distinguish whose side they're on e.g. 7th Infantry Brigade (Br), Infanterie-Regiment 7 (Ger) and that German terms not in English as loanwords go in italics. Almost and about are BritEng and some is AmEng. Thanks for taking the trouble, at least someone reads it ;O) Regards Keith-264 (talk) 19:34, 16 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Just came back to make a note about those long sentences. I really don't have the time to clean that up. But will go once more over my edits according to your suggestion regarding English translation in brackets on first use as well as italics. --Caranorn (talk) 20:07, 16 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Think that's it. Thanks from a retired wikipedian who just can't keep from doing minor editing once in a while and dug a bit deeper than intended tonight. --Caranorn (talk) 20:27, 16 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks babe, it's a bit habit forming isn't it. :O)Keith-264 (talk) 20:28, 16 February 2019 (UTC)

Recent edits
Greetings, thanks for your edits. Would you mind adding the source (Levine 2017) to the References section please? Regards Keith-264 (talk) 13:19, 31 March 2020 (UTC) It's ;the book "Dunkirk, by Joshua Levine, publ 2017.
 * Greetings is it "Forgotten Voices of Dunkirk? Regards Keith-264 (talk) 18:51, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

No, it's "Dunkirk" ISBN 978-0-00-822787-6 --JustinSmith (talk) 20:24, 3 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks babe Keith-264 (talk) 20:35, 3 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Is that a reliable source? The film isn't. Regards Keith-264 (talk) 20:38, 3 April 2020 (UTC)

The book isn't the film it's the history of the Dunkirk evacuatio, well most of it is. --JustinSmith (talk) 15:41, 6 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks Keith-264 (talk) 15:56, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

Air attacks
I have some details if required. Dapi89 (talk) 13:48, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes please. Regards Keith-264 (talk) 13:50, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
 * done, kept it brief. Dapi89 (talk) 15:21, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

BRD on numeral of a military units name
In this edit, I made several changes that made the numerical part of military units italicized to match its name, e.g., changing
 * Fliegerkorps VIII (the roman numeral not in italics)

to
 * Fliegerkorps VIII (the roman numeral in italics)

This edit was reverted by with the edit summary VIII isn't German, it means the same in any language.

Per WP:BRD, it's time to discuss.

First, I don't see how the fact that a foreign language spells a term the same as English does is relevant. "Regiment" is spelled the same in German and English, but we don't leave out italicizing "Regiment" in German military unit names. English spelling doesn't somehow disallow what other languages can use for military unit names. The terms are pronounced differently in their respective languages, so aren't the same words anyway.

Second, even for numbers in military units, in this article, as with all others I know, the number is italicized if the name is, such as Panzerjägerabteilung 42, Panzer-Regiment 25, and Schützen-Regiment 7.

Third, to make correct link names, the numeral must be included in the link. Compare these two wikitext versions of the same link to 3rd Army Group (France):
 * Groupe d'Armées 3 renders as Groupe d'Armées 3
 * Groupe d'Armées 3 renders as Groupe d'Armées 3

The first version has the "3" as part of the link text – appropriate as it links to the French 3rd Army Group. The second leaves the "3" out of the link, resulting in the link text appearing to be a generic link to any French Army Group, violating MOS:LINKCLARITY. This incorrect link text is the result of insisting that the "3" isn't somehow fully part of the name.

Lastly and most importantly, it's just confusing to reader. Having a "3" distinct from the rest of the name makes it appear unrelated to the name, as if it somehow applies to the next word in the sentence instead of the name. Imagine the text "Groupe d'Armées 3 tanks were..."; the un-italicized "3" seems to apply to "tanks" instead of the unit name. And for names like "1. Panzer Division" (the German term for that unit), leaving the "1." off of the italic name makes it look like a new sentence is being started.

I know of no policy or guideline that restricts italics only to foreign words that aren't spelled the same way in English. Even if there was a hard policy, IAR would apply here, as it does nothing but cause reader confusion. --A D Monroe III(talk) 15:51, 11 October 2020 (UTC)

Comments? --A D Monroe III(talk) 15:51, 11 October 2020 (UTC)
 * The article is inconsistent because I don't have as much time to edit but I'm on days off tomorrow so can give it some attention. I have been revising numbers attached to foreign names and piping to maintain links. If anyone finds this confusing, they can ask here; no-one has. I suggest we look at WP to see if there are rulings. Regards Keith-264 (talk) 16:39, 11 October 2020 (UTC)

 * I'm strongly against doing this. If there's no known policy, guideline, or ruling to support this, we shouldn't do it.  As I've outlined, it's confusing to the reader, and has no actual benefit, so doing this is harmful to the article.  This needs consensus to persist in this.  --A D Monroe III(talk)  20:51, 12 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I'd like you to stop referring to hypothetical readers; you're the only person making a fuss. Regards Keith-264 (talk)
 * Readers are hypothetical? As editors, we should think about readers before anything else.  Inventing new little rules for editors to follow that create extra work and have zero benefit to anyone, and can actually be detrimental to readers, is something we would all want to actively avoid, I would think.  --A D Monroe III(talk)  21:41, 13 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Come on, intervening after complaints is one thing, using hypothetical readers to push a point of view isn't.Keith-264 (talk) 22:23, 13 October 2020 (UTC)
 * What is the benefit of not italicizing the numeric part of a military unit name? --A D Monroe III(talk)  20:59, 15 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of Arras (1940)


text: User talk:68.70.76.172

title: User talk:68.70.76.172


text: Category:English mineralogists

title: Category:English mineralogists


text: Category:British mineralogists

title: Category:British mineralogists


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/La Spaghett

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:46, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

La Spaghett
Blatant advertisement. -- RPIRED 05:49, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Non-notable. Delete.  RickK 05:49, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Not the first time round for this one either. Delete. Deb 12:52, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Inter 13:33, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, advertisement. Megan1967 22:52, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as blatant ad, speedy if possible. I, too, seem to remember this.  I only hope this same anon doesn't write their broadcast ads! - Lucky 6.9 01:59, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I just looked at the edit history.  It was originally created back in November and again in January.  Pure wiki-spam.  In fact, the same anon has made a few edits to this "article" in the last month. - Lucky 6.9 02:01, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and speedy it. Courtland 03:35, 2005 Feb 12 (UTC)

 * Well, if they pay us to keep it, me might think of it. :) Delete. Oleg Alexandrov 00:36, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Rothenburg ob der Tauber

Rothenburg ob der Tauber is a town in the district of Ansbach of Mittelfranken (Middle Franconia), the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany. It is well known for its well-preserved medieval old town, a destination for tourists from around the world. It is part of the popular Romantic Road through southern Germany. Today it is one of only three towns in Germany that still have completely intact city walls, the other two being Nördlingen and Dinkelsbühl, both also in Bavaria.

Rothenburg was a free imperial city from the late Middle Ages to 1803. In 1884 Johann Friedrich (von) Hessing (1838–1918) built Wildbad Rothenburg o.d.T. 1884–1903.

Name
The name "Rothenburg ob der Tauber" is German for "Red castle above the Tauber", describing the town's location on a plateau overlooking the Tauber River. Rothenburg Castle, in close vicinity to the village and also called Alte Burg (old castle), gave the city its name.

Middle Ages
The location was most likely inhabited by Celts before the first century CE.

In 950, the weir system in today's castle garden was constructed by the Count of Comburg-Rothenburg.

In 1070, the counts of Comburg-Rothenburg, who also owned the village of Gebsattel, built Rothenburg castle on the mountain top high above the River Tauber.

The counts of the Comburg-Rothenburg dynasty died out in 1116 with the death of the last count, Count Heinrich. Emperor Heinrich V instead appointed his nephew Konrad von Hohenstaufen as the successor to the Comburg-Rothenburg properties.

In 1142, Konrad von Hohenstaufen, who became King Konrad III (1138–52) traded a part of the monastery of Neumünster in Würzburg above the village Detwang and built the Stauffer-Castle Rothenburg on this cheaper land. He held court there and appointed officials to act as caretakers.

In 1170, the city of Rothenburg was founded at the time of the building of Staufer Castle. The center was the marketplace and St. James' Church (in German: the St. Jakob). The development of the oldest fortification can be seen, the old cellar/old moat and the milk market. Walls and towers were built in the 13th century. Preserved are the “White Tower” and the Markus Tower with the Röder Arch.

From 1194 to 1254, the representatives of the Staufer dynasty governed the area around Rothenburg. Around this time, the Order of St. John and other orders were founded near St. James' Church and a Dominican nunnery (1258).

From 1241 to 1242, the Staufer Imperial tax statistics recorded the names of the Jews in Rothenburg. Rabbi Meir Ben Baruch of Rothenburg (died 1293, buried 1307 in Worms) had a great reputation as a jurist in Europe.

In 1274, Rothenburg was accorded privileges by King Rudolf of Habsburg as a free imperial city. Three famous fairs were established in the city and in the following centuries, the city expanded. The citizens of the city and the Knights of the Hinterland build the Franziskaner (Franciscan) Monastery and the Holy Ghost Hospital (1376/78 incorporated into the city walls). The German Order began the building of St. James' Church, which the citizens have used since 1336. The Heilig Blut (Holy Blood) pilgrimage attracted many pilgrims to Rothenburg, at the time one of the 20 largest cities of the Holy Roman Empire. The population was around 5,500 people within the city walls and another 14,000 in the 150 sqmi of the surrounding territory.

The Staufer Castle was destroyed by an earthquake in 1356; the St. Blaise chapel is the last remnant today.

The Thirty Years' War
In October 1631, during the Thirty Years' War, the Catholic Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, wanted to quarter his 40,000 troops in Protestant Lutheran Rothenburg. Rather than allow entrance, the town defended itself and intended to withstand a siege. However, Tilly's troops quickly defeated Rothenburg, losing only 300 soldiers. A popular legend called the Meistertrunk states that when General Tilly condemned the councilmen to death and was set to burn the city down, the councilmen tried to sway him with a large drink of 3 1/4 liters wine. Tilly proclaimed that if anyone could drink it all in one drink, he would spare the city. The mayor at the time, Georg Nusch, succeeded, and General Tilly kept his word. However, the story is almost certainly apocryphal. It does not appear in the chronicle of Sebastian Dehner, written about fifteen years after the facts, the earliest account. The Meistertrunk appears for the first time in the chronicle of Georg Heinrich Schaffert, more than a century later.

After the winter, they left the town poor and nearly empty, and in 1634 a bubonic plague outbreak killed many more townsfolk. Without any money or power, Rothenburg stopped growing, thus preserving its 17th-century state.

19th century
Since 1803, the town has been a part of Bavaria. The famous German landscape painter Eugen Bracht visited Rothenburg in 1877; although he stayed only two days, he was clearly impressed. Some years later, especially artists of Romanticism, such as Hans Thoma and Carl Spitzweg, visited Rothenburg, too, followed by the first tourists. Laws were created to prevent major changes to the town. In 1884 Friedrich Hessing built up till 1903 the "Hessingsche Wildbad".

Nazi Germany & World War II
Rothenburg held a special significance for Nazi ideologists. For them, it was the epitome of the German 'Home Town', representing all that was quintessentially German. Throughout the 1930s, the Nazi organization KDF (Kraft durch Freude) "Strength through Joy" organized regular day trips to Rothenburg from all across the Reich. This initiative was staunchly supported by Rothenburg's citizenry – many of whom were sympathetic to National Socialism – both for its perceived economic benefits and because Rothenburg was hailed as "the most German of German towns". In October 1938, Rothenburg expelled its Jewish citizens, much to the approval of Nazis and their supporters across Germany.

In March 1945, during World War II, German soldiers were stationed in Rothenburg to defend it. On March 31, bombs were dropped over Rothenburg by 16 planes, killing 37 people and destroying around 275 houses (around 32% of all houses), six public buildings and damaging nine watchtowers and over 2000 ft of the wall. Because incendiary bombs were used most outer walls still stood after the attack and were used to rebuild the newer eastern part of the old town. Around 265 houses were rebuilt. The U.S. Assistant Secretary of War, John J. McCloy, knew about the historic importance and beauty of Rothenburg, so he ordered U.S. Army General Jacob L. Devers not to use artillery in taking Rothenburg. Battalion commander Frank Burke, a future Medal of Honor recipient, ordered six soldiers of the 12th Infantry Regiment, 4th Division to march into Rothenburg on a three-hour mission and negotiate the surrender of the town. First Lieutenant Noble V. Borders of Louisville, Kentucky, First Lieutenant Edmund H. Austgen of Hammond, Indiana, Private William M. Dwyer of Trenton, New Jersey, Private Herman Lichey of Glendale, California, Private Robert S. Grimm of Tower City, Pennsylvania, and Private Peter Kick of Lansing, Illinois were sent on the mission. When stopped by a German soldier, Private Lichey, who spoke fluent German and served as the group's translator, held up a white flag and explained, “We are representatives of our division commander. We bring you his offer to spare the city of Rothenburg from shelling and bombing if you agree not to defend it. We have been given three hours to get this message to you. If we haven’t returned to our lines by 1800 hours, the town will be bombed and shelled to the ground.” The local military commander Major Thömmes gave up the town, ignoring the order of Hitler for all towns to fight to the end and thereby saving it from total destruction by artillery. American troops of the 12th Infantry Regiment, 4th Division occupied the town on April 17, 1945, and in November 1948, McCloy was named an honorary citizen (Ehrenbürger) of Rothenburg.

Post-war reconstruction
Around 32% of Rothenburg ob der Tauber, mainly in the eastern half of the town, had to be repaired or rebuilt after being bombed in World War II (with most outer walls still standing and used for the rebuild houses). Many of the rebuilt facades can now be distinguished from the surviving medieval structures as being plainer, reconstruction aiming not to replicate exactly what stood before, only to rebuild in the same style as the surviving buildings so that the new buildings would still fit into the overall aesthetic of the town. Any surviving walls of bombed-out buildings were kept in their reconstructed facades as much as possible. In the case of more significant or iconic structures, such as the town hall, whose roof was destroyed, and parts of the town wall, restoration to their original state was done as accurately as possible, and they now appear exactly as they did before the war. Donations for the rebuilding works in Rothenburg were received from all over the world, and rebuilt parts of the walls feature commemorative bricks with donor names.

The older western section from which the medieval town originated and contains most of the town's historic monuments, did not suffer from the bombing. Thus, most of the buildings in the west and the south of Rothenburg still exist today in their original medieval or prewar state. It is also noteworthy that while the eastern walls and towers received bomb damage, they, unlike the houses in that part of town, remained relatively intact; many parts even survived completely because of their sturdy stone construction. In most cases, only the wooden upper portions or roofs of the eastern towers and walls needed to be rebuilt, and most of their stone structure had been preserved.

Lord Mayors

 * 1945–1952: Friedrich Hörner, SPD
 * 1952–1964: Dr. Erich Lauterbach (1879–1966), independent
 * 1964–1976: Alfred Ledertheil, SPD
 * 1976–1988: Oskar Schubert
 * 1988–2006: Herbert Hachtel (born 1941), SPD
 * 2006–2020: Walter Hartl (born 1956), independent
 * since 2020: Markus Naser (born 1981), independent

Town
The Rathaus (town hall) is a notable renaissance building. The rear Gothic part of the building dates from 1250, and the attached front Renaissance building was started in 1572. This building served as the seat of government for the city-state during the medieval ages and for the city of Rothenburg since the formation of the federalist government. The town hall tower of Rothenburg ob der Tauber is one of the only accessible towers in the town of Rothenburg. The other is the Roedertor tower at the east end of the city and is open daily for visitors to climb. It is almost 61 m tall. At the top of the tower, an admission fee of 2 euros is charged to enter the room with a scenic view of almost the entire town. The room also contains manuscripts providing the visitor with historical information about the construction and relevant history of the city wall.

While buildings within the walled city reflect the city's medieval history, this part of the city is in many ways a normal, modern German town with some concession to the tourist trade. Many stores and hotels catering to tourists are clustered around the Town Hall Square and along several major streets (such as Herrngasse, Schmiedgasse). Also in the town is a Criminal Museum, containing various punishment and torture devices used during the Middle Ages. A staple pastry of Rothenburg ob der Tauber is the Schneeball, deep-fried dough shaped like a snowball and covered in either confectioner's sugar or chocolate.

From 1988 until March 2006, Herbert Hachtel (SPD) was the mayor of Rothenburg. He was succeeded by Walter Hartl.

Museums

 * The Criminal Museum (Kriminalmuseum) gives an insight into judicial punishment over the last 1,000 years. Exhibits include instruments of torture, shrew's fiddles, scold's bridles, medieval legal texts, and guidance on witch trials.
 * Imperial City Museum (Reichsstadtmuseum) with the municipal collections and a weapon collection
 * Doll and Toy Museum (Puppen- und Spielzeugmuseum)
 * Shepherds' Dance Museum (Schäfertanz Museum)
 * Christmas Museum (Weihnachtsmuseum "Käthe Wohlfahrt")
 * Craft House (Handwerkerhaus) 11 rooms showing the everyday life of craftsmen's families in Rothenburg
 * Historical vaulting and state dungeon

Buildings

 * St. James' Church with its Holy Blood reredos by Tilman Riemenschneider, another Riemenschneider altar (Altar of the Holy Cross) is in the Detwang church.
 * Town wall
 * Plönlein
 * Spital bastion (Spitalbastei), a barbican with an abwurfdach built by Rothenburg architect and stonemason, Leonhard Weidmann
 * St. Wolfgang's Church by the Klingentor gate (fortified church)
 * Great hall of the castle (St. Blasius' Chapel)
 * Toppler Castle in the Tauber valley
 * Double bridge over the Tauber
 * The Wildbad Rothenburg was built between 1898 and 1903 by Friedrich Hessing as a spa hotel. Since 1982 it has been used as an Evangelical conference centre.
 * Historic town hall with clock tower and Meistertrunk clock
 * Altes Brauhaus
 * Rödertor
 * St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Detwang

 * Old Smithy
 * Old Town Hall
 * Monastery
 * Franciscan church

Cultural references
Rothenburg has appeared in several films, notably fantasies. It was the location for the Vulgarian village scenes in the 1968 family movie, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. It is sometimes mistaken as the town at the end of Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971); that town was Nördlingen. The town served as a loose basis for the fictional town of Lebensbaum ("life tree") in the video game Shadow of Memories (Shadow of Destiny in the American market). Shots of the town are shown in some parts of The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm and the trailer for the film. The camera flies over the town from the direction of the valley towards the Town Hall. A plaque exists on the rebuilt town wall to commemorate this. Filming was done in Rothenburg for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010) and Part 2 (2011), but didn't make it into the final version of the movies.

Robert Shackleton's Unvisited Places of Old Europe contains a chapter, "The Old Red City of Rothenburg", about the city and its history. Rothenburg is the primary location for Elizabeth Peters's mystery novel, Borrower of the Night (1973) about the search for a missing Tilman Riemenschneider sculpture.

The town featured as the location in the Belgian comic book, The Adventures of Yoko Tsuno in the episode of La Frontière de la vie (On the Edge of Life, 1977) and it inspired the look of the town in the Japanese manga and anime series A Little Snow Fairy Sugar (2001).

Rothenburg's famous street Kobolzeller Steige and Spitalgasse is depicted on the cover of two Blackmore's Night albums, 1999's Under a Violet Moon and their 2006 album Winter Carols.

It is often thought to have inspired the town center of Mêlée Island in the 1990 point-and-click graphic adventure game The Secret of Monkey Island, but creator Ron Gilbert has claimed the resemblance is a coincidence.

The video game Team Fortress 2 features a map titled "Rottenburg", a play on the original's namesake along with visually similar architecture.

The southern part of the marketplace is prominently featured in the video game Gabriel Knight 2 depicting the fictional town of Rittersberg.

The WWII-era first-person shooter Medal of Honor: Allied Assault, from the Medal of Honor video game series, features a level in which the player must fight their way through a snowy town near the Siegfried Line in Germany that is strikingly similar to Rothenburg, buildings with similar architecture can be seen throughout the town, as well as similar-looking streets, as the player makes their way through.

Twin towns

 * 🇫🇷 Athis-Mons, France
 * 🇷🇺 Suzdal, Russia
 * 🇨🇿 Telč, Czech Republic
 * 🇮🇹 Montagnana, Italy
 * 🇯🇵 Uchiko, Japan

Notable people

 * Georg Falck (1630–1689), organist at the St. James' Church, composer and music theorist
 * Franz Leydig (1821–1908), German zoologist and comparative anatomist
 * Johann Friedrich (von) Hessing (1838–1918), constructor of "Hessingsches Wildbad"
 * Franz Boll (1867–1924), science historian and librarian
 * Wilhelm Borkholder (1886–1945), jurist and Lord Mayor of Ansbach
 * Friedrich Uebelhoer (1893–1945), politician (NSDAP)
 * Wilhelm Heer (1894–1961), politician (NSDAP), Member of Reichstag
 * Christof Stählin (1942–2015), author
 * Otto A. Böhmer (born 1949), author
 * Christian Mittermeier (born 1965), cook

title: Rothenburg ob der Tauber