text:
Permanent account number

A permanent account number (PAN) is a ten-character alphanumeric identifier Foundational ID, issued in the form of a laminated "PAN card", by the Indian Income Tax Department, to any person who applies for it or to whom the department allots the number without an application. It can also be obtained in the form of a PDF file known as e-PAN from the website of the Indian Income Tax Department.

A PAN is a unique identifier issued to all judicial entities identifiable under the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. The income tax PAN and its linked card are issued under Section 139A of the Income Tax Act. It is issued by the Indian Income Tax Department under the supervision of the Central Board for Direct Taxes (CBDT) and it also serves as an important proof of identification.

It is also issued to foreign nationals (such as investors) subject to a valid visa, and hence a PAN card is not acceptable as proof of Indian citizenship. A PAN is necessary for filing income tax returns (ITR).

Structure
The PAN (or PAN number) is a ten-character long alpha-numeric unique identifier.

The PAN structure is as follows: Fourth character [P — Individual or Person] Example: AAAPZ1234C
 * The first five characters are letters (in uppercase by default), followed by four numerals, and the last (tenth) character is a letter.
 * The first three characters of the code are three letters forming a sequence of alphabetical letters from AAA to ZZZ
 * The fourth character identifies the type of holder of the card. Each holder type is uniquely defined by a letter from the list below:

 * A — AOP (Association of persons)
 * B — BOI (Body of individuals)
 * C — Company
 * F — Firm
 * G — Government
 * H — HUF (Hindu Undivided Family)
 * L — Local authority
 * J — Artificial juridical person
 * P — Person (Individual)
 * T — Trust (AOP)

 * The fifth character of the PAN is the first character of either of the first name, surname or last name of the person
 * The last (tenth) character is an alphabetic digit used as a check-sum to verify the validity of that current code.

Provisions
In recent times, the DOI (date of issue) of the PAN Card is the mentioned at the right (vertical) hand side of the photo on the PAN card if issued by NSDL (now rebranded as Protean eGov Technologies Limited) and will not be mentioned if issued by UTI-TSL.

The central government has introduced a new online service called "Know Your PAN", to for knowing your PAN number, verify your PAN for new and existing PAN numbers.

Failure to comply with the provisions of Section 139A of Income Tax Act, a penalty of ₹10,000/- for each default is payable u/s.272B to the assessing officer.

Uses
The primary purpose of the PAN is to bring a universal identification to all financial transactions and to prevent tax evasion by keeping track of monetary transactions, especially those of high-net-worth individuals who can impact the economy. In Union Budget 2023, the government proposed to use PAN as a common identifier for all business establishments using digital systems of various government agencies.

Quoting the PAN is mandatory when filing ITR, tax deduction at source, or any other communication with the Income Tax Department. PAN is also steadily becoming a mandatory document for opening a new bank account, a demat account, a new landline telephone connection / a mobile phone connection, purchase of foreign currency, bank deposits above ₹50,000, purchase and sale of immovable properties, vehicles etc.

Obtaining a PAN
Obtaining a PAN is optional or voluntary like a passport, driving license, Aadhaar etc. However, its use is mandatory for conducting for high-value financial transactions, etc.

One can apply for PAN by submitting the prescribed PAN application to the authorized PAN agency of the district or through online submission to NSDL, which is now rebranded as Protean eGov Technologies Limited, Website, UTIITSL along with 2 recent passport size color photographs, proof of ID, Address and Date of Birth and fee. In case of re-print (re-issue), a photocopy of the old PAN is also required. It takes about 10–15 days to receive the card.

A user with an Aadhaar card can also submit e-KYC.

Prescribed PAN application forms
There are two types of PAN applications: Form 49A: - To be filled by Indian Citizens https://www.protean-tinpan.com/downloads/pan/download/Form_49A.PDF REQUEST FOR NEW PAN CARD OR/AND CHANGES OR CORRECTION IN PAN DATA: - The same form can be used by Indians as well as foreign citizens for update of PAN data or Reprint of PAN Card. A new PAN card bearing the same PAN but updated information is issued to the applicant, in such a case.
 * 1) Application for allotment of PAN: This application should be used when the applicants do not have any PAN allotted to them.
 * 1) FORM 49AA: - To be filled by foreign citizens.
 * 2) Application for new PAN Card or/and Changes or Corrections in PAN Data: - Those who have already have a PAN and wish to obtain the new PAN card or want to make some changes/corrections in their PAN data, are required to submit their applications in the following form prescribed by ITD:
 * 1) PAN allotment based on Aadhaar is free of cost. A PAN PDF will be generated and issued to the applicant, and holds the same validity as a physical PAN card.

The allocation date of a PAN can be checked through UTI's official website.

Operating model
The issuance of PAN, verification, delivery and maintenance works on public-private partnership (PPP) model like Passport Seva Kendra (PSK) for reasons of economy, efficiency, and effectiveness. The reputed entities like Protean eGov Technologies Limited (formerly NSDL e-Governance Infrastructure Limited) and UTI Infrastructure Technology Services Limited (UTIITSL) have been entrusted by Income Tax Department as managed service providers for processing of applications, collecting, handling and verifying personal documents like proof of ID, age and address, clarification with the applicants, printing the card and the letter and then mailing it. The processing agencies obtain the new PAN number online from the server of the income tax department after successful processing of the application documents. Some critics in India may call the handling, processing, and delivery of personal ID and financial documents by private contractors as a violation of privacy.

Protean (formerly NSDL e-Gov) centres can be located at TIN website. It is now very easy to apply online using Aadhaar based eSignature at Protean's (formerly NSDL e-Gov) website. One can register first at Protean's website. After registration, the applicant receives a token number. One can continue with filling form. The applicant can save the details and complete the form at his convenience by logging using his/her registered details. One can upload photo/signature and supporting documents and finally eSign the application using Aadhaar and OTP. After successful eSign one can download and keep copy of the signed form for his reference. An acknowledgement receipt and form is also received through e-mail at registered email ID.

UTIITSL centres can be located at its website.

PAN for foreign citizens
PAN is an important document for foreign citizens also, who wish to undertake business in India or wish to invest in India. The procedure to obtain PAN is the same as applicable for Indian citizens. However, the application is required to be filed using Form 49AA meant for foreign citizens and submitted at any of the authorized PAN Service Centre through the authorized representative in India. A list of documents applicable to foreign citizens are given below: refer guidelines for foreign citizens at https://www.protean-tinpan.com/downloads/pan/Additionalguidelines_Revised_Oct_2019.pdf.

Individuals and HUF

Documents accepted as proof of identity

Documents accepted as proof of address
 * 1) Copy of passport, or Voter's ID card
 * 2) Copy of Person of Indian Origin (PIO) card issued by Government of India,
 * 3) Copy of Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) card issued by Government of India,
 * 4) Copy of other national or citizenship Identification Number or Taxpayer Identification Number duly attested by "Apostille" (in respect of countries which are signatories to the Hague Convention of 1961) or by the Indian Embassy or High Commission or Consulate in the country where the applicant is located or authorized officials of overseas branches of Scheduled Banks registered in India (in prescribed format).
 * 1) Proof of identity documents mentioned above bearing the address of the applicant or
 * 2) Copy of bank account statement in the country of residence, or
 * 3) Copy of non-resident external (NRE) bank account statement in India, or
 * 4) Copy of certificate of residence in India or residential permit issued by the state police authorities, or
 * 5) Copy of registration certificate issued by the Foreigner's Registration Office showing Indian address, or
 * 6) Copy of visa granted and copy of appointment letter or contract from an Indian company and certificate (in original) of Indian address issued by the employer.

For other than individuals and HUF (including those having no office of their own in India)

Documents accepted as proof of identity and proof of address
 * 1) Copy of certificate of registration issued in the country where the applicant is located, duly attested by "Apostille" (in respect of the countries which are signatories to the Hague Convention of 1961) or by the Indian Embassy or High Commission or Consulate in the country where the applicant is located or authorized officials of overseas branches of Scheduled Banks registered in India (in prescribed format); or
 * 2) Copy of registration certificate issued in India or of approval granted to set up an office in India by Indian Authorities.

At present, PAN Service Centres are located in India only. However, foreign citizens may find the pseudo online mode of application more inconvenient. Signed physical documents must be sent by postal mail or courier to the Protean (formerly NSDL eGov) PO Box in Pune (India) or UTIITSL address in Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, or Kolkata. The online facility allows payment of fees in INR using limited options of credit card for foreign citizens (only if they have India based credit card as international credit cards are not always accepted by the third party fee collectors.) Unlike most countries, India charges a fee to issue a TIN (PAN ID). The fees charges are ₹107 if the PAN card is to be received in India and ₹989 if the PAN Card is to be received at a foreign location. Note that the online application only eliminates data entry errors. One still needs to mail the application with photographs to India-based centers. The application requires two photographs. One on the top right requires a signature within the box below it. The other one on the top left requires a signature across the photograph (such that part of the signature is on the photograph and part on the form). There is anywhere from 2 to 20 days lag between your documents reaching the center and the initial processing/verification which only takes a day. The actual issue of PAN number by the tax department is within 48 hours. The actual PAN card is sent to the overseas address by the registered/certified mail and may take additional 2 weeks after the issue of the PAN number which is initially conveyed by email.

Although there are only 58 million income tax payers in India, yet there are 445 million genuine PANs issued as of 31 March 2019. While the alphanumeric PAN number is unique, individuals and corporate entities have been able to obtain multiple PAN cards fraudulently. It is illegal to obtain multiple PANs and there is a penalty of inr 10000 when caught. In addition, there are fake PAN cards due to ubiquitous plastic card printers. Additionally, illegal immigrants have also got PAN cards issued to them; most have used the services of PAN card agents.

There are only two entities in India that are authorized to accept PAN applications for processing on behalf of the Income Tax Department (India), i.e. Protean e-Gov Technologies Limited (formerly NSDL e-Governance Infrastructure Limited) & UTIITSL.

title: Permanent account number


text: User talk:69.201.53.29

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.201.53.29


text:
Calton Hill, Derbyshire

Calton Hill is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in Derbyshire, England, showing Olivine Diorite magma chamber.

It is the site of an extinct volcano and the quarrying that has now been abandoned means that it is possible to observe the geological structures caused by the repeated eruptions. The eruptions were small and were then underwater as Derbyshire was covered by a sea in the Carboniferous period (around 330 million years ago).

The nearest place is Blackwell and the nearest town is Buxton to the west.

title: Calton Hill, Derbyshire


text:
Calton Hill

Calton Hill (Cnoc Coilltinn) is a hill in central Edinburgh, Scotland, situated beyond the east end of Princes Street and included in the city's UNESCO World Heritage Site. Views of, and from, the hill are often used in photographs and paintings of the city.

Calton Hill is the headquarters of the Scottish Government, which is based at St Andrew's House, on the steep southern slope of the hill. The Scottish Parliament Building and other prominent buildings such as Holyrood Palace lie near the foot of the hill. Calton Hill is also the location of several monuments and buildings: the National Monument, the Nelson Monument, the Dugald Stewart Monument,  the old Royal High School,  the Robert Burns Monument, the Political Martyrs' Monument and the City Observatory.

The area lies between the Edinburgh districts of Greenside and Abbeyhill.

Etymology
In 1456, James II granted land to Edinburgh by charter wherein Calton Hill is referred to as "Cragingalt", the name by which it appears on the 1560 Petworth map of the Siege of Leith (rendered as "Cragge Ingalt"). The name may have derived from Old Welsh meaning "crag on the hill" or "wooded hillside".

The name might come from the Brittonic *Celdi (a small wood or holt) and the locative *-in (at), so it means “place of the small wood” and is equivalent to Gaelic “Coilltinn”.

The records of South Leith Parish Church name "Caldtoun" as one of the quarters of the parish in 1591, though the village and area are otherwise generally referred to as "Craigend", signifying the main land form (crags) at the western end of the feudal barony of Restalrig, as opposed to the distinguishing feature at its eastern end, a loch, hence the name Lochend. The name "Caldtoun" (sometimes anglicised as "Cold town") remained general until about 1700, the names Calton and Caltonhill first appearing when Wester Restalrig was sold to Edinburgh in 1725. The Armstrongs' map of the Three Lothians (1773) still uses the name "Caldtoun" and Ainslie's maps of Edinburgh record a change in spelling from Caltoun to Calton between 1780 and 1804.

History
There was possibly a prehistoric hillfort on Calton Hill and an area used for quarrying (the Quarry Holes at the eastern end). By his charter of 1456, James II granted the community of Edinburgh the valley and the low ground between Calton Hill and Greenside for performing tournaments, sports and other warlike deeds. This was part of his policy of military preparedness that saw the Act of 1457 banning golf and football and ordering archery practice every Sunday. This natural amphitheatre was also used for open-air theatre and saw performances of the early Scots play "Ane Pleasant Satyre of the Thrie Estaitis" by Sir David Lyndsay. In May 1518 the Carmelite Friars (also known as White Friars and locally based at South Queensferry), were granted lands by charter from the city at Greenside and built a small monastery there.

Monasteries were abandoned following the Scottish Reformation of 1560, and the Calton Hill monastery therefore stood empty before conversion in 1591 into a hospital for lepers, founded by John Robertson, a city merchant. So severe were the regulations that escape, or even the opening of the gate of the hospital between sunset and sunrise, would incur the penalty of death carried out on the gallows erected at the gate. The monastery would appear to have been located at the north-east end of Greenside Row and its site is shown there on the 1931 Ordnance Survey maps. Ten skeletons found in July 2009 during roadworks to create a new tramway in Leith Walk (project cancelled from York Place to Leith but revived and completed in 2023), are believed to have been connected with the hospital.

The Calton area was owned by the Logan family of Restalrig but their lands were forfeited in 1609 following the posthumous sentence of treason on Robert Logan. The lands of Restalrig and Calton, otherwise known as Easter and Wester Restalrig, passed to the Elphinstone family. Sir James Elphinstone was made Lord Balmerino in 1604 and in 1673 the lands of Restalrig and Calton were erected into a single barony. In 1725, the western side of Calton Hill was disjoined and sold to the royal burgh of Edinburgh. The eastern end was owned by the charitable institution of Heriot's Trust. Calton remained a burgh of barony (although it was not administered as such) until it was formally incorporated into Edinburgh by the Municipality Extension Act of 1856.

In 1631, the then Lord Balmerino granted a charter to The Society of the Incorporated Trades of Calton forming a society or corporation. This also gave the Society the exclusive right to trade within Calton and the right to tax others who wished to do so. Normally the trades of burghs were separately incorporated, for example in the Canongate there were eight incorporations, but the Incorporated Trades of Calton allowed any tradesman to become a member providing they were healthy and their work was of an acceptable standard. This lack of restrictive practices allowed a thriving trade to develop.

The village of Calton was situated at the bottom of the ravine at the western end of Calton Hill (hence its earlier name of Craigend), on the road from Leith Wynd in Edinburgh and North Back of the Canongate to Leith Walk and also to Broughton and thence the Western Road to Leith. In the village, the street was variously known as St. Ninian's Row or Low Calton. Many of the old buildings here were demolished at the time of the Waterloo Place and Regent Bridge development, which bridged the ravine, from 1816. The remaining old village houses of the Low Calton were removed in the 1970s.

Although located near Edinburgh, Calton was in South Leith Parish and its inhabitants went to church in Leith and were buried in the churchyard there. As the village developed, it became more convenient to have burials nearby and, in 1718, the Society bought a half acre of land at a cost of £1013 from Lord Balmerino for use as a burial ground. This became known as Old Calton Burial Ground. Permission was granted for an access road, originally known as High Calton and now the street called Calton Hill, up the steep hill from the village to the burial ground. The group of 1760s houses near the top of this street are all that remain of the old village.

In 1787, the artist Robert Barker, inspired by walking on the hill, created the world's first panorama - an immersive 360 degree view depicting Edinburgh from the tower of the City Observatory at the summit of Calton Hill.

Buildings and structures

The Old Calton Burial Ground was the first substantial development on Calton Hill and lies on the south-western side of the hill. The philosopher David Hume is buried there. His tomb is engraved only with the year of his birth (1711) and death (1776), on the "simple Roman tomb" (a relatively large monument) which he prescribed. The Political Martyrs' Monument is also in the burial ground. This is in memory of five campaigners for political reform and universal suffrage who were convicted of sedition and sent in 1793 to Botany Bay, Australia.

On the west side of Calton Hill is the street named Calton Hill. Agnes Maclehose, better known as Robert Burns' Clarinda, lived at number 14 and died there in 1841. Burns, Scotland's national poet, sent Clarinda many verses over several years in unsuccessful (it is believed) attempts to seduce this beautiful married lady.

Calton Hill was the location of the notorious Calton Jail, a complex comprising a Debtors' Prison, the Bridewell (1791–96) by Robert Adam (later replaced) and a Felons' Prison of 1815-17 by Archibald Elliot. The prisons were replaced by Saughton Prison and demolished in 1930 providing a site for St. Andrew's House, home to Scotland's senior civil servants. The sole surviving building is the castellated and turreted Governor's House by Elliot. The lower curtain walls of the prison are still visible on the south side of St. Andrew's House, above Calton Road.

The eastern end of the ornate Regent Bridge is built into the side of the hill, crossing a deep gorge (at the bottom of which the opening scene from Trainspotting was shot) to connect the hill with Princes Street, now Edinburgh's main shopping street. The engineer in charge of building Regent Bridge in 1815 was Robert Stevenson, grandfather of the author Robert Louis Stevenson.

The renowned Scottish architect William Henry Playfair was responsible for the elegant thoroughfare that encircles the hill on three sides. Comprising Royal Terrace, Carlton Terrace and Regent Terrace, the largest of the townhouses can be found on Royal Terrace. Playfair's plan is dated 1819 and the first house was built at what is now 40 Royal Terrace. Regent Gardens that cover over one half of the summit of the hill are privately administered by a local association. Carlton Terrace was originally called Carlton (or Carleton) Place but changed in 1842 to fit in with the other Terraces.

Most of the properties on the terraces are occupied as houses but on Royal Terrace there is a number of hotels, by far the largest being the Crowne Plaza Hotel while on Regent Terrace is located the United States Consulate. Royal Terrace with its views over Leith and the Firth of Forth was popular with early owners who were shipowners and traders in Leith. Some of these were involved in the whisky trade, Leith being a centre for whisky blending and storage, and for a time in the 19th century the street was known as Whisky Row.

Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême (the elder son of Charles X of France, last of the Bourbon kings) and his wife Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte, (the daughter of Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette), moved into what is now 22 (then 21) Regent Terrace in 1830. Marie-Caroline de Bourbon-Sicile, duchess de Berry, sister in law of the Duc d'Angoulême, also lived at what is now 12 (then 11) Regent Terrace at that time. Her young son, Henri, the Comte de Chambord, is said to have wept bitterly when his family left for Austria in 1832 as he had become very attached to Scotland. The painter Francis Cadell, one of the Scottish Colourists, lived in 30 Regent Terrace from 1930-1935. The western end of Regent Terrace was closed in 2001 to traffic because of security concerns about the United States Consulate.

Playfair was responsible for many of the monumental structures on the summit of the hill, most notably the Scottish National Monument. This monument was intended to be another Parthenon and to commemorate Scottish Soldiers killed in the Napoleonic wars. Construction started in 1826 but work was stopped in 1829 when the building was only partially built due to lack of money. It has never been completed. For many years this failure to complete led to its being nicknamed "Scotland's Disgrace" but this name has waned given the time elapsed since the Napoleonic Wars and it is now accepted for what it is.

The Royal High School was built on the southern slopes in 1829, forming a part of Edinburgh's skyline. In the 1840s a tunnel was added through the lower south side of the hill (under the High School) taking tracks eastward from the newly built Waverley Station. The west end of the tunnel was remodelled and a second tunnel built in 1902 by Robert Inglis.

"Rock House", which overlooks Waterloo Place at the south-western entrance to the hill, was the home of Robert Adamson who in partnership with David Octavius Hill pioneered the calotype process of photography in Scotland in the 1840s. Many of their subjects were photographed in the house and its garden.

At the foot of the southern access steps is a memorial to three 19th-century Scottish singers, John Wilson (1800–1849), John Templeton (1802–1886), and David Kennedy (1825–1886). The monument was sculpted by William Grant Stevenson.

By the 1840s, a pipeline ran over the shoulder of Calton Hill from the Edinburgh coal gas works in the Canongate between New Street and Tolbooth Wynd to the Bonnington Chemical Works in Bonnington. The gasworks waste was pumped through the line and processed into useful products at Bonnington.

Political symbol
For a number of years, while the Royal High School was earmarked for the site of the future Scottish Assembly, and subsequently as a potential site for the Scottish Parliament, Calton Hill was the location of a permanent vigil for Scottish devolution. However, Donald Dewar, then Secretary of State for Scotland, considered the site a "nationalist shibboleth", and the nearby St Andrew's House buildings (which at that time were the base of the Secretary of State for Scotland and the former Scottish Office) to look "Nazi" like "Dresden" (sic). It was also the venue in October 2004 for the Declaration of Calton Hill which outlined the demands for a future Scottish republic.

Events
Calton Hill is the venue for a number of events throughout the year. The largest of these is the Beltane Fire Festival held on 30 April each year, attended by over 12,000 people. The Dussehra Hindu Festival also takes place on Calton Hill near the beginning of October each year and the Samhuinn Fire festival takes place at the end of October.

Calton Hill has been used as a location for films such as Sunshine on Leith (where Davy and Yvonne sing Misty Blue), Death Defying Acts (Houdini) and Greyfriars Bobby (views across the city).

Illegal activities
Calton Hill has been the focus of considerable police and local media interest. Controversy has revolved around the area's popularity as a venue for public sex and prostitution among males, as well as for drug use and underage drinking; city centre councillor David Beckett said that it "has traditionally been known as the place to go for homosexual sex in Edinburgh". A male-on-male gang rape occurred on the site in 2000, and a man was arrested for encouraging tourists to watch him simulating sex with a traffic cone two years later.

In 2008, a member of staff at Blacks Outdoor Retail advised against camping in the area after a couple who had pitched a tent on the hill claimed that a man had made "lewd" and inappropriate advances towards them. Calton Hill has also been the site of assaults on gay people, and on people suspected of being gay: in 1997, a Japanese tourist required plastic surgery after being robbed and subjected to a "vicious, brutal, and sustained attack" by two assailants.

Friends of Calton Hill
The Friends of Calton Hill is a group of local volunteers who help to administer and improve the park resources. The group were founded in 2023.

title: Calton Hill


text:
Bureau of American Ethnology

The Bureau of American Ethnology (or BAE, originally, Bureau of Ethnology) was established in 1879 by an act of Congress for the purpose of transferring archives, records and materials relating to the Indians of North America from the Department of the Interior to the Smithsonian Institution. But from the start, the bureau's visionary founding director, John Wesley Powell, promoted a broader mission: "to organize anthropologic research in America." Under Powell, the bureau organized research-intensive multi-year projects; sponsored ethnographic, archaeological and linguistic field research; initiated publications series (most notably its Annual Reports and Bulletins); and promoted the fledgling discipline of anthropology. It prepared exhibits for expositions and collected anthropological artifacts for the Smithsonian United States National Museum. In addition, the BAE was the official repository of documents concerning American Indians collected by the various US geological surveys, especially the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region and the Geological Survey of the Territories. It developed a manuscript repository, library and illustrations section that included photographic work and the collection of photographs.

In 1897, the Bureau of Ethnology's name changed to the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) to emphasize the geographic limit of its interests, although its staff briefly conducted research in US possessions such as Hawaii and the Philippines. In 1965, the BAE merged with the Smithsonian's Department of Anthropology to form the Smithsonian Office of Anthropology within the United States National Museum (now the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History). In 1968, the SOA archives became the National Anthropological Archives.

Research
The BAE's staff included some of America's earliest field anthropologists, including Frank Hamilton Cushing, James Owen Dorsey, Jesse Walter Fewkes, Alice Cunningham Fletcher, John N.B. Hewitt, Francis La Flesche, Cosmos and Victor Mindeleff, James Mooney, William Henry Holmes, Edward Palmer, James Stevenson, and Matilda Coxe Stevenson. In the 20th century, the BAE's staff included such anthropologists as John Peabody Harrington (a linguist who spent more than 40 years documenting endangered languages), Matthew Stirling, and William C. Sturtevant. The BAE supported the work of many non-Smithsonian researchers (known as collaborators), most notably Franz Boas, Frances Densmore, Garrick Mallery, Washington Matthews, Paul Radin, Cyrus Thomas and T.T. Waterman.

The BAE had three subunits: the Mound Survey (1882–1895); the Institute of Social Anthropology (1943–1952), and the River Basin Surveys (1946–1969).

Mound Survey
At the time the BAE was founded, there was intense controversy over the identity of the Mound Builders, the term for the prehistoric people who had built complex, monumental earthwork mounds. Archaeologists, both amateur and professional, were divided between believing the mounds were built by passing groups of people who settled in various places elsewhere, or believing they could have been built by Native Americans. Cyrus Thomas, the Bureau's appointed head of the Division of Mound Exploration, eventually published his conclusions on the origins of the mounds in the Bureau's Annual Report of 1894. It is considered to be the last word in the controversy over the Mound builders' identities. After Thomas' publication, scholars generally accepted that varying cultures of prehistoric indigenous peoples, Native Americans, were the Mound builders.

title: Bureau of American Ethnology


text:
Benjamin Winchester

Benjamin Winchester (August 6, 1817 – January 25, 1901) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. Winchester was the youngest adult member of Zion's Camp, an original member of the first Quorum of the Seventy, editor of the first independent Mormon periodical, the Gospel Reflector, president of a large branch of the church in Philadelphia, a zealous missionary who baptized thousands, a Rigdonite Apostle, and ultimately a dissenter who repudiated Mormonism altogether.

The Gospel Reflector was published in Philadelphia, twice a month, between January 1, 1841, and June 15, 1841. Winchester moved to Nauvoo, Illinois, in October 1841 where he worked at the Times and Seasons until January 1842.

Winchester also wrote pamphlets and two significant books on Latter Day Saint topics. His Synopsis of the Holy Scriptures, and Concordance, published in 1842, was the first categorization of Bible scriptures from a Mormon perspective and included a detailed analysis of the Christian apostasy. His A Brief History of the Priesthood from the Beginning of the World to the Present Time, published in 1843, was the first book to focus on the topic of the Mormon priesthood.

title: Benjamin Winchester


text:
Samoyedic

Samoyedic can refer to:

 * Samoyedic languages, language family, make up the Uralic language family along with Finno-Ugric
 * Proto-Samoyedic language, reconstructed earlier form of the languages
 * Samoyedic peoples, a people of Siberia

title: Samoyedic


text:
Seamless branching

Seamless branching is a mechanism used on DVDs and Blu-ray Discs to allow the player to jump to a different scene after finishing one. The most common purpose is to have several versions of a scene within one film, without having to store the entire film on the disc several times.

A popular example is the Platinum Edition DVD of The Lion King, where the user can select between the original theatrical version and an extended version. The two versions differ only in one scene (the "morning report"). The DVD player is instructed to play the film normally up to this scene, then jump to the appropriate scene as selected by the user before the commencement of the film, and then jump back to play the rest of the film. The user normally does not notice this jump, hence the word seamless. Larger scale examples of the same technique are seen in the 2000 Ultimate Edition DVD of Terminator 2: Judgment Day, the 2007 DVD rerelease of Blade Runner, the Platinum and Diamond Edition DVDs of Beauty and the Beast, and the 4K Ultra HD version of Conan the Barbarian, in which three different cuts of the films are playable from the same discs.

Another possible use of seamless branching is for the localisation (translation) of on-screen visible text. The Star Wars DVDs with their opening crawl are a prime example. Normally, only the audio track of films is translated into other languages, but when text central to the plot is visible on-screen, the scene may be created once for every language, and the DVD player can be instructed to select the appropriate version of the scene depending on the user's language preference. However, for this purpose a technique called multi-angle is used more often.

title: Seamless branching


text:
Talk:Oxygène 7–13

Accents and hyphens
I have now reverted User:Mikecron's accents edit and moved the article back from Oxygène 7-13 to Oxygene 7-13. While I am aware that "oxygène" is the proper spelling of "oxygen" in French (and the Allmusic review also adds accents), both Oxygene and Oxygene 7-13 seem to use the name without the accent consistently on their covers, as well as in the sleeve notes. Whether it's "Jean-Michel" or "Jean Michel" is a different issue; most album covers seem to use "Jean Michel", but "Jean-Michel" should be closer to his full name (cf. the article on Jarre). Jarrography's Jarre CD overview should give an impression of the hyphen-or-not mess. — Peter L [ talk|contribs]   22:10, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)

I noticed that the album cover omits the accent. However, accents are often dropped from letters in French when they are written in uppercase (as on the covers.) (Please see point 8 from the "miscellaneous rules" list of the Capitalization article.) Given that the "è" in the title of this article isn't capitalised, and "oxygène" is the proper spelling of "oxygen" in French, I believe the accent should be included. Mikecron 23:39, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm. While the album cover uses uppercase letters only, the title is written consistently without an accent in the sleeve notes of both albums, including text with normal capitalization. Technical limitations preventing accents don't seem to be an issue here; a snippet of the sleeve notes from the original Oxygene reads: "Oxygene was recorded in his old converted dining-room studio, near the Champs-Elysées, when Jarre was 28." Disques Dreyfus does not add accents to the title of either album, even though lowercase is used. I don't know whether "Oxygene" might be a back-formation from the uppercase representation on the original cover, or a move to ease international marketing, but all 'official' sources seem to use the no-accent form.   — Peter L [ talk|contribs]    00:51, Apr 10, 2005 (UTC)

Accent: JMJ's artistic licence? From a French point of view, he is creating a new word. From an English point of view, the loss of accent in 'gene' implies, along with the two Oxygene album covers themselves (O1: skull inside the planet, O2: planet as a human heart), an integration of oxygen & life on/in/of earth, i.e. genetics. EP111 23:43, 14 February 2007 (UTC) David Latapie (✒ | @) 00:43, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
 * In 1991, Jean-Michel Jarre changed his name to Jean Michel Jarre, to please English speakers (I consider this a poor move, but well…). So, the question of the hyphen is no more. As for the accent, I do not know for sure: the French Wikipedia (Wikipédia ;-)) put an accent. Not sure neither, but I think Jean Michel Jarre label his albums with two names: a French and an English. This is usually pretty easy (Oxygene/Oxygène, Chronologie/Chronology…) but sometimes less so: Champs magnétiques is also Magnetic Fields (as a side note, for a long time, since I did not see it written I did not know if it was “Champs magnétiques” (Magnetic Fields) or “Chants magnétiques” (Magnetic Songs). It is plain possible that the (nice) confusion was on purpose from Jarre but it did not pass the barrier of language. Anyway, it is possible that both names are canon—Oxygene and Oxygène (also consider Fourth Rendez-Vous and Quatrième Rendez-vous—they are dual-named).

 * For the record, I have the original European LP release of "Magnetic Fields" which reads "Chants Magnetiques" on the cover. It was probably an intended pun on the pronunciation of the word "Champs". Stoney3K 00:21, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

On a musical note, the Oxy 7 melody sounds suspiciously similar to the end credits from "Blade Runner", which were composed by Vangelis 15 years earlier. Was this an intentional cover or remix? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Stoney3K (talk • contribs) 00:22, August 30, 2007 (UTC)

Requested move 1 December 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved (non-admin closure) Fuortu (talk) 18:46, 8 December 2016 (UTC)

Oxygene 7–13 → Oxygène 7–13 – That's the correct title. The other two pages in the series have the correct titles, and so should this. PikaSka (talk) 17:28, 1 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Support WP:FRMOS In ictu oculi (talk) 18:53, 1 December 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Oxygène 7–13


text: Category:Utah law

title: Category:Utah law


text: User talk:69.167.0.214

title: User talk:69.167.0.214


text:
The Rocking-Horse Winner

"The Rocking-Horse Winner" is a short story by D. H. Lawrence. It was first published in July 1926, in Harper's Bazaar and subsequently appeared in the first volume of Lawrence's collected short stories. It was made into a full-length film directed by Anthony Pelissier and starring John Howard Davies, Valerie Hobson and John Mills; the film was released in the United Kingdom in 1949 and in 1950 in the United States. It was also made into a TV film in 1977 and a 1997 film directed by Michael Almereyda.

Synopsis
The story describes a young, middle-class Englishwoman who "had no luck". Although outwardly successful, she is haunted by a sense of failure; her husband is a ne'er-do-well, and her work as a commercial artist does not earn as much as she would like. The family's life exceeds its income, and unspoken anxiety about money permeates the household. Her children, a son Paul and his two sisters, sense this anxiety; they even claim they can hear the house whispering "There must be more money".

Paul tells his Uncle Oscar Cresswell about betting on horse races with Bassett, the gardener. He has been placing bets using his pocket money, and he has won and saved 320 pounds. Sometimes he says he is "sure" of a winner for an upcoming race, and the horses he names do in fact win, sometimes at remarkable odds. Uncle Oscar and Bassett both place large bets on the horses Paul names.

After more winnings, Paul and Oscar arrange to give the mother a gift of 5,000 pounds, but the gift only lets her spend more. Disappointed, Paul tries harder than ever to be "lucky". As the Derby approaches, Paul is determined to learn the winner. Concerned about his health, his mother rushes home from a party and discovers his secret. He has been spending hours riding his rocking horse, sometimes all night long, until he "gets there", into a clairvoyant state where he can be sure of the winner's name.

Paul remains ill through the day of the Derby. Informed by Cresswell, Bassett has placed Paul's bet on Malabar, at fourteen to one. When he is informed by Bassett that he now has 80,000 pounds, Paul, excited, tells his mother how "lucky" he is. Paul dies the next night.

Standard edition

 * The Woman Who Rode Away and Other Stories (1928) edited by Dieter Mehl and Christa Jansohn, Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 230–243, ISBN 0-521-22270-2

title: The Rocking-Horse Winner


text:
U.S. Women's Chess Championship

Following are the results of the U.S. Women's Chess Championship from 1937 to date. The tournament determines the woman chess champion of the United States.

List of U.S. Women's Chess Champions

 * 1937 Adele Rivero
 * 1938 Mona May Karff
 * 1940 Adele Rivero (2)
 * 1941 Mona May Karff (2)
 * 1942 Mona May Karff (3)
 * 1944 Gisela Kahn Gresser
 * 1946 Mona May Karff (4)
 * 1948 Gisela Kahn Gresser (2) – Mona May Karff (5)
 * 1951 Mary Bain
 * 1953 Mona May Karff (6)
 * 1955 Gisela Kahn Gresser (3) – Nancy Roos
 * 1957 Gisela Kahn Gresser (4) – Sonja Graf
 * 1959 Lisa Lane
 * 1962 Gisela Kahn Gresser (5)
 * 1964 Sonja Graf (2)
 * 1965 Gisela Kahn Gresser (6)
 * 1966 Gisela Kahn Gresser (7) – Lisa Lane (2)
 * 1967 Gisela Kahn Gresser (8)
 * 1969 Gisela Kahn Gresser (9)
 * 1972 Eva Aronson – Marilyn Braun
 * 1974 Mona May Karff (7)
 * 1975 Diane Savereide
 * 1976 Diane Savereide (2)
 * 1978 Diane Savereide (3) – Rachel Crotto
 * 1979 Rachel Crotto (2)
 * 1981 Diane Savereide (4)
 * 1984 Diane Savereide (5)
 * 1986 Inna Izrailov
 * 1987 Anna Akhsharumova
 * 1989 Alexey Root
 * 1990 Elena Donaldson
 * 1991 Esther Epstein – Irina Levitina
 * 1992 Irina Levitina (2)
 * 1993 Elena Donaldson (2) – Irina Levitina (3)
 * 1994 Elena Donaldson (3)
 * 1995 Anjelina Belakovskaia – Sharon Burtman
 * 1996 Anjelina Belakovskaia (2)
 * 1997 Esther Epstein (2)
 * 1998 Irina Krush
 * 1999 Anjelina Belakovskaia (3)
 * 2000 Elina Groberman – Camilla Baginskaite
 * 2001/02 Jennifer Shahade
 * 2003 Anna Hahn
 * 2004 Jennifer Shahade (2)
 * 2005 Rusudan Goletiani
 * 2006 Anna Zatonskih
 * 2007 Irina Krush (2)
 * 2008 Anna Zatonskih (2)
 * 2009 Anna Zatonskih (3)
 * 2010 Irina Krush (3)
 * 2011 Anna Zatonskih (4)
 * 2012 Irina Krush (4)
 * 2013 Irina Krush (5)
 * 2014 Irina Krush (6)
 * 2015 Irina Krush (7)
 * 2016 Nazí Paikidze
 * 2017 Sabina-Francesca Foisor
 * 2018 Nazí Paikidze (2)
 * 2019 Jennifer Yu
 * 2020 Irina Krush (8)
 * 2021 Carissa Yip
 * 2022 Jennifer Yu (2)
 * 2023 Carissa Yip (2)

1962
The 1962 Women's Championship was a ten-round tournament held from April 21 to May 6 in New York City at the Marshall Chess Club and the Manhattan Chess Club, with the exception of round 8, which was played at the London Terrace chess club. Edward Lasker served as the tournament director. Player invitations were made on the basis of USCF ratings, and the field of eleven included defending champion Lisa Lane, former champions Gisela Kahn Gresser, Mary Bain, and Mona May Karff, and Amateur Champion Greta Fuchs, all from New York City.

Gresser won the title for the fifth time, the second time she won the title unshared. The title was not decided until the final round, when Gresser defeated defending champion Lane playing the White side of a Sicilian Defense. The championship was also the Women's Zonal tournament, so Gresser and Lane qualified to play in the 1963 Women's Candidates Tournament.

2009

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

!  !! Player !! Rating !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 0 !! Points !! TB !! Perf. !! +/-
 * + USA-ch (Women) Saint Louis 2009
 * 1 || align=left|🇺🇸 Anna Zatonskih (USA)        || 2462 ||* ||½ ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||8½ ||      || 2765 || +20
 * 2 || align=left|🇺🇸 Camilla Baginskaite (USA)   ||2317  ||½ ||* ||0 ||½ ||1 ||½ ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||6½||      || 2455 || +18
 * 3 || align=left|🇺🇸 Irina Krush (USA)           ||2458  ||0 ||1 ||* ||½ ||0 ||1 ||1 ||½ ||½||1 ||5½        ||21.50 || 2353 || +10
 * 4 || align=left|🇺🇸 Alisa Melekhina (USA)       ||2220  ||0 ||½ ||½ ||* ||1 ||½ ||1 ||0 ||1 ||1 ||5½        ||20.25 || 2378 || +20
 * 5 || align=left|🇺🇸 Tatev Abrahamyan (USA)      ||2275  ||0 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||* ||½ ||½ ||1 ||0 ||1 ||4        || || 2256 || -2
 * 6 || align=left|🇺🇸 Rusudan Goletiani (USA)     ||2391  ||0 ||½ ||0 ||½ ||½ ||* ||0 ||1 ||0 ||1 ||3½         ||13.50 || 2203 || -22
 * 7 || align=left|🇺🇸 Sabina-Francesca Foisor (USA)||2320 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||1 ||* ||1 ||1 ||0 ||3½         ||11.00 || 2211 || -13
 * 8 || align=left|🇺🇸 Iryna Zenyuk (USA)          ||2285  ||0 ||0 ||½ ||1 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||* ||1 ||½ ||3 ||      || 2173 || -13
 * 9 || align=left|🇺🇸 Yun Fan (USA)               ||1935  ||0 ||0 ||½ ||0 ||1 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||* ||0 ||2½        ||10.25 || 2165 || +16
 * 10 || align=left|🇺🇸 Tsagaan Battsetseg (USA)   ||2258  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||½ ||1 ||* ||2½        ||7.50  || 2130 || -15
 * }
 * 6 || align=left|🇺🇸 Rusudan Goletiani (USA)     ||2391  ||0 ||½ ||0 ||½ ||½ ||* ||0 ||1 ||0 ||1 ||3½         ||13.50 || 2203 || -22
 * 7 || align=left|🇺🇸 Sabina-Francesca Foisor (USA)||2320 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||1 ||* ||1 ||1 ||0 ||3½         ||11.00 || 2211 || -13
 * 8 || align=left|🇺🇸 Iryna Zenyuk (USA)          ||2285  ||0 ||0 ||½ ||1 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||* ||1 ||½ ||3 ||      || 2173 || -13
 * 9 || align=left|🇺🇸 Yun Fan (USA)               ||1935  ||0 ||0 ||½ ||0 ||1 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||* ||0 ||2½        ||10.25 || 2165 || +16
 * 10 || align=left|🇺🇸 Tsagaan Battsetseg (USA)   ||2258  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||½ ||1 ||* ||2½        ||7.50  || 2130 || -15
 * }
 * 9 || align=left|🇺🇸 Yun Fan (USA)               ||1935  ||0 ||0 ||½ ||0 ||1 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||* ||0 ||2½        ||10.25 || 2165 || +16
 * 10 || align=left|🇺🇸 Tsagaan Battsetseg (USA)   ||2258  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||½ ||1 ||* ||2½        ||7.50  || 2130 || -15
 * }
 * }

Average Elo: 2292 <=> Cat: 2

2010

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

!  !! Player !! Rating !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 0 !! Points !! TB !! Perf. !! +/-
 * + USA-ch (Women) Saint Louis 2010
 * 1 || align=left|🇺🇸 Irina Krush (USA)           || 2476 ||* ||½ ||1 ||1 ||1 ||½ ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||8 ||      || 2650 || +14
 * 2 || align=left|🇺🇸 Anna Zatonskih (USA)        ||2470  ||½ ||* ||½ ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||½ ||1 ||1 ||7½||28.25 || 2569 || +10
 * 3 || align=left|🇺🇸 Tatev Abrahamyan (USA)      ||2310  ||0 ||½ ||* ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||7½||25.75 || 2587 || +30
 * 4 || align=left|🇺🇸 Katerina Rohonyan (USA)     ||2319  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||* ||½ ||0 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||4½||11.25 || 2307 || -2
 * 5 || align=left|🇺🇸 Alisa Melekhina (USA)       ||2265  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||* ||1 ||0 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||4½||11.25 || 2312 || +6
 * 6 || align=left|🇺🇸 Camilla Baginskaite (USA)   ||2343  ||½ ||0 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||* ||0 ||½ ||1 ||1 ||4 ||12.00 || 2266 || -10
 * 7 || align=left|🇺🇸 Iryna Zenyuk (USA)          ||2236  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||1 ||* ||1 ||0 ||1 ||4 ||12.00 || 2277 || +4
 * 8 || align=left|🇺🇸 Sabina-Francesca Foisor (USA)||2317 ||0 ||½ ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||0 ||* ||1 ||1 ||3 ||      || 2187 || -16
 * 9 || align=left|🇺🇸 Beatriz Marinello (USA)     ||2160  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||* ||½ ||1½||      || 2045 || -11
 * 10 || align=left|🇺🇸 Abby Marshall (USA)        ||2182  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||* ||½||      || 1830 || -24
 * }
 * 6 || align=left|🇺🇸 Camilla Baginskaite (USA)   ||2343  ||½ ||0 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||* ||0 ||½ ||1 ||1 ||4 ||12.00 || 2266 || -10
 * 7 || align=left|🇺🇸 Iryna Zenyuk (USA)          ||2236  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||1 ||* ||1 ||0 ||1 ||4 ||12.00 || 2277 || +4
 * 8 || align=left|🇺🇸 Sabina-Francesca Foisor (USA)||2317 ||0 ||½ ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||0 ||* ||1 ||1 ||3 ||      || 2187 || -16
 * 9 || align=left|🇺🇸 Beatriz Marinello (USA)     ||2160  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||* ||½ ||1½||      || 2045 || -11
 * 10 || align=left|🇺🇸 Abby Marshall (USA)        ||2182  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||* ||½||      || 1830 || -24
 * }
 * 9 || align=left|🇺🇸 Beatriz Marinello (USA)     ||2160  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||* ||½ ||1½||      || 2045 || -11
 * 10 || align=left|🇺🇸 Abby Marshall (USA)        ||2182  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||* ||½||      || 1830 || -24
 * }
 * }

Average Elo: 2307 <=> Cat: 3

title: U.S. Women's Chess Championship


text:
User talk:Akdeniz

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. To read up on the latest wikinews, have a look at the Wikipedia Signpost.

You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 17:06, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Image:75-Ardahan ili konumu3.png listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:75-Ardahan ili konumu3.png, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you. —MetsBot 19:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Akdeniz


text: User talk:68.108.153.148

title: User talk:68.108.153.148


text:
Talk:Slough (wetland)

I was raised in Englandduring the 40s and we referred to slough as " sluff" as in tough. David bracey. — Preceding unsigned comment added by David bracey (talk • contribs) 13:19, 15 February 2015 (UTC)

Old discussions
Currently the article says "In the UK, pronounced to rhyme with bough"; however, I (an American) don't know how that word is pronounced, either. Does it rhyme with "toe" or with "cow"? It would be even more helpful if someone could use pronounciation markup for the article. --LostLeviathan 17:06, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * It's Slough to rhyme with cow. I'll revisit shortly. Presumably, Americans call them branches rather than boughs ? Thanks, Ian Cairns 18:31, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't know about in the US, but in Canada it decidedly does NOT rhyme with cow; the rhyme would be with "do" or "coup" or "through".....Skookum1 (talk) 16:00, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

Summary: + defs, cit, so cl, rephrased; see Talk. Explication: Added definitions, citations. See also Talk:Seattle, Citing sources.

Word definitions in the public domain and under copyright have been compared so that article section content is in compliance with copyright (copyrighted content not used). Definitions are complete as of 21 April 2006.

A References section, which contains only citations, helps readers to see at a glance the quality of the references used. (WP: Citing sources # "References" section in addition to "Notes")

See WP:CITE. "Retrieved [date]", since on-line reference links can break, (per Embedded links).

In the citation or bibliography, reducing size of the all caps would be nice.

--GoDot 16:14, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

Trees in sloughs
In the article it says that the western sloughs have no native trees, but I live in California, and the sloughs around here have willows and cottonwoods, and sometimes oak. BTW, we in the central valley pronounce it slew.

 * There is a slough here in western Montana that doesn't fit any of those definitions, precisely. Dlabtot (talk) 10:18, 10 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I think the article wants to refer to trees that grow in the slough, such that the slough is populated by trees within it. There might be many trees that encroach the edge and in wetter years get a little flooded, but not like the semitropical mangrove swamps.  Probably the article needs to be clearer. Fremte (talk) 20:37, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

US pronunciation
The article only mentions the (SAMPA) /slu:/ (homophone of slew) pronunciation in the US. However, Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary seems to indicate that /slaU/ (rhymes with cow) is also present in the US. The American Heritage Dictionary also mentions this pronunciation without marking it as British (note that AHD doesn't even mention the British pronunciations of schedule & lieutenant). Jimp 15:05, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Dictionary definitions
this article is about slough (wetland). the definitions need to be placed elsewhere Anlace 20:04, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

 * In the U.S., the word has usage that is in relative abandon with regard to meaning.
 * In the U.S., "features that seem to derive from local experience" have been changing in recent decades. "Slough has [...] connotations that are inappropriate to increasingly-recognized value of natural areas [i.e. such as wetlands].  GCIDE Dictionary meanings" provide explanation.  Plese see article for more.  Words frame perceptions (cf. Eric Blair).  The frames about natural environments change, but the roots and meanings of the words from Europe remain.  (This is dramatically true in the U.S. over the last century about meanings and connotations of wilderness and all of American genus Canis but Canis lupus familiaris, more recently similarly of wetlands, albeit less dramatically.)  That awareness about words used can be very useful in understanding.  --GoDot 08:31, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

I have to agree with User:Anlace and remove that content - we shouldn't have lists of homonyms in an encyclopedia, and in this case the meanings to do with discarding and skin are from a totally different and rarely-used word pronounced as "sluff", making the case for it weak. Dryman 00:26, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

 * No, this article won't do as it is. At present it is a single article about several different things that happen to share a name – each of those things is covered (at least to some extent) by other articles.  Effectively the current article is therefore about the name itself, and as we all know, Wikipedia is not a dictionary.  All these meanings need to be split out to other articles where possible.  I suspect that this will leave only dab material, which can be added to Slough (disambiguation).  However, if there really is anything that can only be called a slough, that should stay here, or if more than one thing, it should be split into different articles – "Slough (sea inlet)", "Slough (pond)" or whatever.  Richard New Forest (talk) 10:22, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * No comments after two months. I propose to delete the article and replace it with a dab page pointing to the various things called "slough".  Any comments before I do that?  Richard New Forest (talk) 21:09, 5 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Really truly no more comments...? Richard New Forest (talk) 17:24, 17 September 2009 (UTC)

 * No comments after another couple of months, so done as per my first proposal, adding the material to Slough (disambiguation) and redirecting this page there. Richard New Forest (talk) 11:20, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

Something is not right about this conversion to a redirect to a dab: sloigh (wetland) is NOT about Slough railway station or people named Slough. Robots solving the redirect made things worse, by replacing links to this definition page with links to a dab page. While this article needs work, it is still better than a redirect. --Qyd (talk) 23:13, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Above change was just reverted wholesale to the previous article without prior discussion (as a "minor edit"...). I've restored the dab for the moment, pending discussion: can we leave it as it is please until we have come to a conclusion?

 * I'd like to hear what arguments there might be for "the article is still better than a redirect", and what is the "something" that's not right about a dab? Before returning this page to an article, the points made above do need to be answered – perhaps there are excellent counter-arguments, but we haven't heard them yet.  Richard New Forest (talk) 23:42, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

 * "Slough (wetland)" is not about people named Slough. It is about a landform. The fact that in different regions of the English speaking world it has slightly different meaning does not make it anything else but a landform, a very specific one. It is different than a pond or lake, and different than a marsh or swamp (it's somewhat in between), and should have its own article. --Qyd (talk) 03:28, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately "Slough (wetland)" is not about "a landform", let alone "a very specific one". It, or rather they, are several very different landforms, or waterforms or whatever you want to call them (all this is discussed above...).

 * Therefore there seems to be no doubt that a dab is needed to cover the various meanings of wetland sloughs. One possiblity would be to have a special dab page here just for the wetland meanings of "slough", and this would of course separate them from the town etc.  The trouble with this is that there is already a dab for other meanings of "slough", and so we'd end up with two dabs for the same word.  How could we argue against merging two such similar articles?

 * If we do stick with one dab we do need to amend the incoming links. Richard New Forest (talk) 11:15, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Just wishing to note that the "wetland" disambiguation is not accurate re waterbodies...the Pacific Northwest & BC usage is not limited to river deltas and refers (in BC) mostly to slow-moving side channels of rivers (usually but not always the Fraser). A "wetland" in CAnadian usage more means swampy ground, a marsh etc, and while these are commonly along teh banks of a slough, they are not the meaning of "slough" in that context; from what I understand such slow-moving channels elsewhere may be styled "creeks"; there is also nothing in the usage to imply "tidal" or "washed by the tides"...as a matter of fact a salt marsh in the region is sometimes called a "saltchuck" (saltwater) though that can also mean seawater-bodies in general (saltchuck in that context is usually Washington-Oregon, whereas in BC it doesn't have the salt marsh meaning)..  Also on whichever page it is, trhe usage meaning "to moult" should have IPA attached to distinguish its pronunciation, no?Skookum1 (talk) 15:50, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

All "definitions" have something in common, the slough as a landform between lake and swamp. It is a bit of a stretch to call it an article about different things with the same name. The article, flawed as it was, was detailing the nuances of the term in various geographic locales. It served a purpose in that form. Being just a redirect to a dab led to shallow lakes categorized as river deltas for example (due to the well meant efforts of the people working on Disambiguation pages with links). Agree with wetland being a less than perfect dab term. Would you have a better suggestion? How about Slough (landform)? --Qyd (talk) 15:41, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Is a lake a landform? Or a waterbody?  But given the variable meaning of swamp/marsh "landform" describes that; but to me not one of the Fraser's sloughs....how about slough (geography), which is as I recall what's used for sound (geography).....Skookum1 (talk) 16:01, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Waterbodies are landforms (or physical features); ex: Category:Landforms of British Columbia includes Category:Lakes of British Columbia as well as bays, fjords, waterfalls, etc. see alos list of landforms. --Qyd (talk) 22:48, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

 * If a wetland slough really is one thing, let's see a definition for it that includes all the various types, but excludes other kinds of wetland. I don't see how you can do it, but I'm more than ready to be proved wrong.  Richard New Forest (talk) 23:06, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

 * "but excludes other types of wetland" might be a tall order, given the variability of English idiom overall....what might be called a marsh in BC would seem to be called a slough elsewhere....I just searched BCGNIS for "% slough" and got 93 results, though a couple are Slough Mountain and Sloughgrass Prairie and the like.....most appear to be Fraser or other coastal sloughs, which in my experience will be slow-moving side waters of other waterbodies/streams - "backwaters" or side channels in most cases - but some are in the Peace Country and may have a more Prairie-type meaning, ditto those in the Okanagan; a few that once existed on the Columbia are now rescinded from being inundated by reservoirs....but the meaning is very different from what it appears to be in California....and I'll check with a few WA and OR editors about what "slough" means in their states; I suspect those in the Puget Sound area are similar to those on teh Lower Fraser as word-meanings are pretty constant across the border in that area....Skookum1 (talk) 01:30, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
 * BCGNIS may have an area where its terminologies are defined, if I find it I'll be back with their definition....but NB the Canadian Geographic Names Database may maintain a different definition.....similarly "gulch" can have a different meaning in different areas, even within BC (sometime quite a while ago someone in wikispace did a real interesting map comparing the use of "gulch" and "hollow" across North American geography....).Skookum1 (talk) 01:34, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

 * For what it is worth, here is my old map showing GNIS "streams" named "slough"--the dots placed at the stream mouths (the gulch and hollow map is on flickr nearby somewhere). I'd have to look into it more, but it looks to me like there are numerous non-delta sloughs out there. Note these are only features of GNIS type "stream", not "swamp" etc. Looking at Wisconsin, there seems to be a number of sloughs that are essentially side channels of rivers, especially the Mississippi River. For example, . Better, perhaps, is, which looks like a regular creek on the satellite and topo map links. Anyway, what would this page need to be useful for people wanting to understand the different landform/geographical meanings of the word? Maybe I could dig up some sources. I know I've often been confused by the word's use for wetlands and streams. Pfly (talk) 03:03, 11 March 2010 (UTC)
 * (also, just to note, I completely understand Richard New Forest's directing this page. It looks like he asked, repeatedly for comments, and none came. Sometimes it takes action to rouse discussion!) Pfly (talk) 03:52, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

 * By the way, I stumbled over here via a series of edits to Humboldt Bay. The long-standing phrase, Humboldt Bay and its tidal sloughs.. had been edited, in light of the redirect here, to Humboldt Bay and its tidal sloughs.., which an editor much interested in the Humboldt Bay area reverted with the edit summary, "ONLY ONE of many is technically a river delta--and a small one at that". I'm am doubtful about this editor knowing that Slough (wetland) had become a redirect. But in any case, none of the definitions offered on the disambig page seem to be appropriate for most of the "tidal sloughs" of Humboldt Bay: Slough, a muddy marsh (British Isles) [no]; Slough, a swamp or shallow lake system with trees (eastern and southeastern United States) [no]; Slough, a secondary channel of a river delta, without trees (west coast of North America) [mostly no]; and Slough, a pond, often alkaline (prairies of North America) [no]. So it looks like the Humboldt Bay user wants to continue to use the Slough (wetland) link without, apparently, realizing it has become a redirect to a series of choices, none of which are appropriate.
 * Perhaps what would be needed to make this page useful is an encyclopedic overview of how the term meaning different things in different places and some info on how that came to be the case--the evolving meaning of the term as it was reused in different environments. Maybe something closer to the Coulee page--although that one could use some improvement too. My very quick first foray into source-searching reveals a surprising number of lawsuits, in which the definition of "slough" came under consideration for one reason or another--mostly in early California apparently. It seems that in terms of water rights much hinged on whether a feature named slough was in fact a natural water-course or whether it was a mere wetland or artificial construction. Perhaps somewhere there is a source that actually explores these aspects of the history of landform nomenclature. ..maybe. Pfly (talk) 04:09, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Yet another comment (sorry for so many rapid fire), in response to an earlier comment by Richard New Forest, One possiblity would be to have a special dab page here just for the wetland meanings of "slough": This might work, but my sense is that the various meanings are not well delineated and there is a great deal of mushiness and cross-over among them. Just browsing maps of sloughful areas is seems clear that there is no fine line between "wetlands associated with a nearby river's floodplain that happen to have a channel draining them, called a slough" and "sluggish side channels of a river that split off and rejoin in the style of a braided river. It might be hard--perhaps requiring original research, to decide which slough is of which type. There are a number of other, similarly vague "in between" usages. It looks to me like the term has evolved over time to cover a wide range of landforms, but without necessarily displaying bright lines with which one can easily categorize the usages. Pfly (talk) 04:23, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, all that illustrates the problem quite well. If there are sloughs which are not dealt with well by the dab page, then why not just add more appropriate links?  As for the Coulee page, that seems almost as bad a case of a dictionary definition as this one was.  Richard New Forest (talk) 21:07, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Heh, well, okay. I added a couple lines to the disambig page. I don't really have it in me to work on a page about sloughs. Pfly (talk) 03:10, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

Article vs. redirect to disambiguation page?
I don't know if this is beating a dead horse, but after reading this debate on an article vs. redirect, it seems to me that an article which can be improved is better than a disambig page that gives non-referenced definitions. If there are provincial definitions, then the article can address these, and give the relevant meanings, and the reader can consider the sources. I found one source, per the US gov't, for slough as a non-tidal marsh. It seems to me that a page with lots of information (some bad, some good) is better than a disambiguation page that doesn't provide references. So I propose to reintroduce the page instead of redirect slough (wetland) Rhetth (talk) 20:47, 14 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Not quite sure what you're suggesting... A page with lots of information is good; good information is also good, but bad information is bad and is not what WP is about.  The link you give is for just one of the North American definitions, and ignores the various others; it is also a thing which is already covered elsewhere in WP, and we cannot have duplicate articles.  If we can have a single page about a single thing called "slough (wetland)", fine, but it looks to me as if you're proposing a page about multiple definitions of a word, and that belongs in Wiktionary.  (Also, references do not really belong on a dab: if needed, they ought to be in the pages to which the dab points.)

 * What would your Slough (wetland) page cover, and how would it differ from Wikt:slough? Richard New Forest (talk) 22:08, 14 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Slough (wetland)


text:
User talk:ToriaURU

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Thanks for your addition on matrix. Oleg Alexandrov 17:07, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello and welcome to Wikipedia. Your article on the Upper Canada Brewing Company seems to have been copied directly from the company's website.  This is not permitted as the website is copyrighted. Your page is thus listed at Copyright violations. - SimonP 16:48, Mar 27, 2005 (UTC)

Help has arrived
At WP:BC we have noticed your help query and we are investigating. We we will back to you with a answer soon. In the mean time, feel free to join us in our IRC channel. If you are familiar with IRC it's on the freenode network at #wikipedia-bootcamp. If you are not familiar with IRC then click here and you will taken directly to our chat. If you don't make it to IRC that's fine, we will still respond here.--Commander Keane 20:24, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * From Copyrights: "If you use part of a copyrighted work under "fair use", or if you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder under the terms of our license, you must make a note of that fact (along with names and dates). It is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Wikipedia's material as possible, so original images and sound files licensed under the GFDL or in the public domain are greatly preferred to copyrighted media files used under fair use. See Boilerplate request for permission for a form letter asking a copyright holder to grant us a license to use their work under terms of the GFDL."

This would enable you to use his text with his permission. Inter\Echo 20:25, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Your article has been moved to AfC space
Hi! I would like to inform you that the Articles for Creation submission which was previously located here: User:ToriaURU/22 Things a Man with Asperger's Syndrome want his partner to know has been moved to Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/22 Things a Man with Asperger's Syndrome want his partner to know, this move was made automatically and doesn't affect your article. Your draft is waiting for a review by an experienced editor, if you have any questions please ask on our Help Desk! Have a nice day. ArticlesForCreationBot (talk) 05:09, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Your article has been moved to AfC space
Hi! I would like to inform you that the Articles for Creation submission which was previously located here: User:ToriaURU/22 things a woman with Asperger's wants her partner to know has been moved to Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/22 things a woman with Asperger's wants her partner to know, this move was made automatically and doesn't affect your article. Your draft is waiting for a review by an experienced editor, if you have any questions please ask on our Help Desk! Have a nice day. ArticlesForCreationBot (talk) 05:09, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Your article has been moved to AfC space
Hi! I would like to inform you that the Articles for Creation submission which was previously located here: User:ToriaURU/Aperger's on the Job has been moved to Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Aperger's on the Job, this move was made automatically and doesn't affect your article. Your draft is waiting for a review by an experienced editor, if you have any questions please ask on our Help Desk! Have a nice day. ArticlesForCreationBot (talk) 05:09, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Your article has been moved to AfC space
Hi! I would like to inform you that the Articles for Creation submission which was previously located here: User:ToriaURU/Aspergirls has been moved to Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Aspergirls, this move was made automatically and doesn't affect your article. Your draft is waiting for a review by an experienced editor, if you have any questions please ask on our Help Desk! Have a nice day. ArticlesForCreationBot (talk) 05:10, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation
 Thank you for your recent submission to Articles for Creation. Your article submission has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. You are welcome to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit once you feel they have been resolved.
 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, you can find it at Wikipedia&.
 * To edit the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the help desk, via real time chat with helpers, or on the [ reviewer's talk page]
 * Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! Excirial ( Contact me, Contribs ) 06:32, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation
 Thank you for your recent submission to Articles for Creation. Your article submission has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. You are welcome to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit once you feel they have been resolved.
 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, you can find it at Wikipedia&.
 * To edit the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the help desk, via real time chat with helpers, or on the [ reviewer's talk page]
 * Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! Excirial ( Contact me, Contribs ) 06:32, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation
 Thank you for your recent submission to Articles for Creation. Your article submission has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. You are welcome to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit once you feel they have been resolved.
 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, you can find it at Wikipedia&.
 * To edit the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the help desk, via real time chat with helpers, or on the [ reviewer's talk page]
 * Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! Excirial ( Contact me, Contribs ) 06:33, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation
 Thank you for your recent submission to Articles for Creation. Your article submission has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. You are welcome to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit once you feel they have been resolved.
 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, you can find it at Wikipedia&.
 * To edit the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the help desk, via real time chat with helpers, or on the [ reviewer's talk page]
 * Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! Excirial ( Contact me, Contribs ) 06:55, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Your article has been moved to AfC space
Hi! I would like to inform you that the Articles for Creation submission which was previously located here: User:ToriaURU/Liane Holiday Willey has been moved to Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Liane Holiday Willey, this move was made automatically and doesn't affect your article. Your draft is waiting for a review by an experienced editor, if you have any questions please ask on our Help Desk! Have a nice day. ArticlesForCreationBot (talk) 12:39, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation
 Thank you for your recent submission to Articles for Creation. Your article submission has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. You are welcome to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit once you feel they have been resolved.
 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, you can find it at Wikipedia&.
 * To edit the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the help desk, via real time chat with helpers, or on the [ reviewer's talk page]
 * Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! Excirial ( Contact me, Contribs ) 13:06, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation
 Thank you for your recent submission to Articles for Creation. Your article submission has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. You are welcome to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit once you feel they have been resolved.
 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, you can find it at Wikipedia&.
 * To edit the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the help desk, via real time chat with helpers, or on the [ reviewer's talk page]
 * Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! Excirial ( Contact me, Contribs ) 17:37, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for June 28
Hi. When you recently edited Rudy Simone, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Britain (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 15:31, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation
 Thank you for your recent submission to Articles for Creation. Your article submission has been reviewed. Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. Please view your submission to see the comments left by the reviewer. You are welcome to edit the submission to address the issues raised, and resubmit once you feel they have been resolved.
 * If you would like to continue working on the submission, you can find it at Wikipedia&.
 * To edit the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window.
 * If you need any assistance, you can ask for help at the help desk, via real time chat with helpers, or on the [ reviewer's talk page]
 * Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia! avs5221(talk|contrib) 12:04, 1 July 2012 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Asperger's on the Job

A tag has been placed on Asperger's on the Job, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising that only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an acceptable page. Please read the general criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item G11, as well as the guidelines on spam.

If you can indicate why the subject of this page is not blatant advertising,. Clicking that button will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit |the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. You may freely add information to the page that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would help make it encyclopedic, as well as adding any citations from independent reliable sources to ensure that the page will be verifiable. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. De728631 (talk) 17:30, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

Hello
I see that you wrote this article: Aspergirls: Empowering Females with Asperger's Syndrome as well as a few others. If you try again (I hope so), let me know if you'd like some copyediting and I can help out.

By the way, I'm writing an article about autism friendly and created Template:Autism resources.

The Aspergirls book was addded to the "Books" section. The autism friendly article is still a work in progress, but if you have anything to comment on - let me know. It would be great to get your feedback. Take care,--CaroleHenson (talk) 19:00, 8 September 2012 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/22 Things a Man with Asperger's Syndrome want his partner to know concern
Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/22 Things a Man with Asperger's Syndrome want his partner to know, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 180 days. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace.

If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it.

You may request Userfication of the content if it meets requirements.

If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at WP:REFUND/G13.

Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) 19:43, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/22 things a woman with Asperger's wants her partner to know concern
Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/22 things a woman with Asperger's wants her partner to know, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 180 days. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace.

If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it.

You may request Userfication of the content if it meets requirements.

If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at WP:REFUND/G13.

Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) 19:43, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Aperger's on the Job concern
Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Aperger's on the Job, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 180 days. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace.

If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it.

You may request Userfication of the content if it meets requirements.

If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at WP:REFUND/G13.

Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) 19:44, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Aspergirls concern
Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Aspergirls, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 180 days. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace.

If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it.

You may request Userfication of the content if it meets requirements.

If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at WP:REFUND/G13.

Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) 19:45, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Liane Holiday Willey concern
Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Liane Holiday Willey, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 180 days. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace.

If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it.

You may request Userfication of the content if it meets requirements.

If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at WP:REFUND/G13.

Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) 19:52, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Your article submission Aperger's on the Job

Hello ToriaURU. It has been over six months since you last edited your article submission, entitled Aperger's on the Job.

The page will shortly be deleted. If you plan on editing the page to address the issues raised when it was declined and resubmit it, simply and remove the  or  code. Please note that Articles for Creation is not for indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you want to retrieve it, copy this code:, paste it in the edit box at this link , click "Save", and an administrator will in most cases undelete the submission.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. —Anne Delong (talk) 06:09, 28 November 2013 (UTC)

Your article submission 22 Things a Man with Asperger's Syndrome want his partner to know

Hello ToriaURU. It has been over six months since you last edited your article submission, entitled 22 Things a Man with Asperger's Syndrome want his partner to know.

The page will shortly be deleted. If you plan on editing the page to address the issues raised when it was declined and resubmit it, simply and remove the  or  code. Please note that Articles for Creation is not for indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you want to retrieve it, copy this code:, paste it in the edit box at this link , click "Save", and an administrator will in most cases undelete the submission.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. JMHamo (talk) 15:50, 28 November 2013 (UTC)

Your article submission 22 things a woman with Asperger's wants her partner to know

Hello ToriaURU. It has been over six months since you last edited your article submission, entitled 22 things a woman with Asperger's wants her partner to know.

The page will shortly be deleted. If you plan on editing the page to address the issues raised when it was declined and resubmit it, simply and remove the  or  code. Please note that Articles for Creation is not for indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you want to retrieve it, copy this code:, paste it in the edit box at this link , click "Save", and an administrator will in most cases undelete the submission.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. JMHamo (talk) 15:50, 28 November 2013 (UTC)

Your article submission Aspergirls

Hello ToriaURU. It has been over six months since you last edited your article submission, entitled Aspergirls.

The page will shortly be deleted. If you plan on editing the page to address the issues raised when it was declined and resubmit it, simply and remove the  or  code. Please note that Articles for Creation is not for indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you want to retrieve it, copy this code:, paste it in the edit box at this link , click "Save", and an administrator will in most cases undelete the submission.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. JMHamo (talk) 02:45, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

Your article submission Liane Holiday Willey

Hello ToriaURU. It has been over six months since you last edited your article submission, entitled Liane Holiday Willey.

The page will shortly be deleted. If you plan on editing the page to address the issues raised when it was declined and resubmit it, simply and remove the  or  code. Please note that Articles for Creation is not for indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you want to retrieve it, copy this code:, paste it in the edit box at this link , click "Save", and an administrator will in most cases undelete the submission.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. JMHamo (talk) 16:02, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Grant Norsworthy

The article Grant Norsworthy has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Non-notable musician an bio."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Walter Görlitz (talk) 18:36, 29 May 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:ToriaURU


text:
Category:Dr. Seuss

Dr. Seuss is the pen name of Theodor Seuss Geisel (March 2, 1904–September 24, 1991). He was a famous American writer and cartoonist best known for his collection of children's books.

title: Category:Dr. Seuss


text:
Talk:Nozomi (spacecraft)

Comment
Nozomi is also a Japanese female name. Should this be added to the article? 85.164.76.159 17:09, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure. Hope is also an English female name, but if an American spacecraft was named Hope we probably wouldn't mention the female name. -- Curps 17:59, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

U. Tokyo involvement?
The article states: It was constructed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, University of Tokyo At that time, ISAS was not part of U Tokyo anymore. Was there a major involvement of U Tokyo? --Fukumoto 15:08, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

Move?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move. Vegaswikian (talk) 19:55, 5 November 2010 (UTC)

Nozomi (probe) → Nozomi probe — for consistency, per Suisei probe (PLANET-A) – 86.162.163.210 (talk) 22:37, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Oppose as its name is "Nozomi", so "Nozomi (probe)" is the most accurate. ··· 日本穣 ? · 投稿  · Talk to Nihonjoe ·  Join WikiProject Japan ! 02:38, 31 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose. As above, the name appears to be "Nozomi", not "Nozomi probe". --DAJF (talk) 23:03, 31 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I proposed this move, but since then Suisei probe has moved to Suisei (probe), and Akatsuki (Planet-C) is about to move to Akatsuki (probe) - see Talk:Akatsuki (Planet-C). 86.147.206.66 (talk) 17:48, 4 November 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Current status - fixed
Article says it is still active. Can we add : how much fuel is left, what communications are working, and when it next approaches Mars ? Rod57 (talk) 09:30, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

 * The operation was terminated by sending the cease command on December 31, 2003. (The communication was lost before that already.)  --Fukumoto (talk) 15:58, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

Wrong orbit - fixed
The article says that this spacecraft is orbiting the sun, but the summary box says it's a satellite of Mars. Greg (talk) 06:24, 16 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Summary box now says heliocentric. Could add period. - Rod57 (talk) 08:11, 10 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nozomi (spacecraft)


text:
Edward Hall

Edward Hall (c. 1496 – c. May 1547) was an English lawyer and historian, best known for his The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre and Yorke—commonly known as Hall's Chronicle—first published in 1548. He was also several times a member of the Parliament of England.

Family
Edward Hall, born in 1497, was the son of John Hall (died 22 February 1528) of Northall in Kynnersley, Shropshire, a London grocer and Merchant of the Staple who resided in the parish of St Mildred in the Poultry. The surname Hall appears in the records of the Worshipful Company of Grocers for several generations prior to Hall's birth, suggesting that members of the family had been London merchants for some time. Hall's father served as Warden of the Grocers in 1512.

According to some sources, Hall's mother, Katherine Geddyng, was the daughter and coheir of Thomas Geddyng of Norfolk, while according to others she was the daughter of John Geddyng, great-grandson of William Geddyng of Lackford, Suffolk, and Mirabel Aspale, daughter and heiress of Sir John de Aspale. Katherine (née Geddying) Hall's burial on 19 June 1557 in the church of St Benet Sherehog was recorded by the diarist Henry Machyn.

She appointed as executor of her will Sir William Garrard, and as supervisor Dame Joan Warren, the second wife of Sir Ralph Warren, Lord Mayor of London. According to some sources, Katherine was the 'Mistress Hall' who in 1555 was imprisoned in Newgate for her faith under Queen Mary Tudor, and with whom the religious reformer John Bradford corresponded. Hall had a brother, William, who survived him, but no other known brothers or sisters.

Marriage and issue
There is no evidence as to whether Hall ever married. His will, made in 1546–1547, makes no mention of a wife or children, and the only family members named are his brother, William, whom he appoints as executor of his will, and his mother, whom he appoints as overseer.

In his will he requested burial in the Greyfriars, London, but he was instead buried in the church of St Benet Sherehog, which was subsequently destroyed in the Great Fire of London and not rebuilt. He left all his books in French and English to his brother, William, and his manuscript of his chronicle to Richard Grafton, entrusting him with its publication.

Career
Hall began his education at Eton College. In 1514 he was admitted to King's College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1518. At about the time of Hall's graduation from university, the second son of Robert Fabyan (died 1513) became apprentice to Hall's father, and according to Herman, it was perhaps through this connection that Hall developed what became a lifelong interest in chronicling the events of English history. Hall was a student at Gray's Inn by 1521, and became a lawyer by profession. He was Autumn Reader at his Inn in 1533, and Lent Reader in 1540.

According to Herman, Hall may have been first elected to Parliament as early as 1523. He was elected to represent Much Wenlock in 1529, and represented the borough again in 1539. In 1542, and again in 1545, he was elected for Bridgnorth. Hall served as Common Serjeant of London from 17 March 1533 to 2 June 1535, and as Under-Sheriff from 2 June 1535 until his death.

Chronicle
Hall's best-known work, The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre and Yorke, commonly called Hall's Chronicle, was published by the printer Richard Grafton in 1548, the year after Hall's death. A revised edition (printed for Grafton by Richard Jugge) appeared in 1550. Both included a continuation from 1532 compiled by Grafton from the author's notes. The only complete modern edition, entitled Hall's Chronicle, Containing the History of England During the Reign of Henry IV and the Succeeding Monarchs to the End of the Reign of Henry VIII, was prepared under the supervision of Sir Henry Ellis and published in 1809. A reprint was issued in 1965. In 1904, the concluding chapter dealing with the reign of Henry VIII was edited by Charles Whibley.

The Chronicle begins with the accession of Henry IV to the English throne in 1399; it follows the strife between the houses of Lancaster and York, and with Grafton's continuation carries the story down to the death of Henry VIII in 1547. Hall presents the policy of this king in a very favourable light and shows his own sympathy with the Protestants. He has a lawyer's respect for ceremonial of all kinds, and his pages are often adorned and encumbered with the pageantry and material garniture of the story.

The value of the Chronicle in its early stages is not great, but increases when dealing with the reign of Henry VII and is considerable for the reign of Henry VIII. To the historian it furnishes what is evidently the testimony of an eyewitness on several matters of importance which are neglected by other narrators, and to the student of literature it is of interest as one of the prime sources of Shakespeare's history plays.

On 22 June 1940, Alan Keen, a dealer in antiquarian books, discovered an extensively annotated copy of Hall's Chronicle among the contents of a library from outside London which he had just purchased. Keen considered that the marginal annotations, most of which are found in the chapters covering the reigns of Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI, were made by Shakespeare. Keen published his findings in two journal articles, and in a book co-authored with Roger Lubbock in 1954, The Annotator. After his death Keen left the volume in the hands of trustees, who placed it in the British Library, where until 2007 it was catalogued as Loan MS 61.

title: Edward Hall