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505 (dinghy)

The International 505 is a One-Design high-performance two-person monohull planing sailing dinghy, with spinnaker, utilising a trapeze for the crew.

History
The origins of the class began in 1953 with the creation of the 18-foot 'Coronet' dinghy designed by John Westell. This sailboat competed in the International Yacht Racing Union (IYRU) selection trials at La Baule, France, in 1953 for a new two-person performance dinghy for the Olympics. Although the Coronet lost Olympic selection to the Flying Dutchman, in 1954 the Caneton Association of France asked Westell to modify his design to create for them a 5-metre performance dinghy that would be suitable to their needs. Westell settled on a measured length 5.05 m to allow for boat-building tolerances of the day, and the resulting craft became known as the 505.

The class achieved international status with the IYRU in 1955.

Production
As of 2022, about 9,250 505s had been built.

There have been many builders over the 60-year history of the class. At present Rondar Raceboats is the most prolific builder, producing wet-layup hulls on a semi-production basis. Ovington Boats, which at one time built hulls for Rondar under contract, now build their own.

List of current 505 hull builders:

It is typical for sailors to purchase bare hulls, spars and foils, and then rig the boats themselves. The result is that there is a wide variety of setups, with some notable regional preferences. For example, US boats traditionally have end-boom sheeting while German boats have mid-boom. This has led to the establishment of several rigging businesses, led by successful 505 sailors, that have developed standard rigging setups and sell complete boats based on bare hulls sourced from builders. These include Holger Jess with SegelsportJESS in Kiel, GER and Ian Pinnell of Pinnell & Bax in Northampton, GBR. Having standard setups with published tuning settings helps non-professional sailors become competitive more quickly. Similarly with sails. There is a handful of sailmakers that dominate the 505 class: Pinnell & Bax in the UK, Bojsen-Møller in Europe, Glaser and North in the US and Narval in Poland.

Design
The hulls of early 505s were built in cold-molded marine plywood, new hulls are now built using composite molding: glass fibre and/or carbon fibre mats and vinylester or epoxy resin using either a wet layup technique or using heat-cured prepreg sheets. Hulls are usually cored with foam, balsa or Nomex to increase stiffness and durability, spars traditionally were manufactured from aluminium alloy, later rule changes have permitted the use of carbon fibre for boom and spinnaker pole.

The hull shape and sail plan are tightly controlled, while the spars, foils and rigging are more open which allows the boat's rig and controls to be set up to the preferences of the crew, rather than dictated by the class rules.

Operational history
The 505 is a large boat by dinghy standards, with a powerful sailplan, especially with the adoption in October 2001 of a larger spinnaker. The 505 will plane upwind in wind speeds of around 10 knots or more.

World Championships
The International 505 Class Association organises an annual world championships which typically take place in Europe every other year and then elsewhere in the world on the alternating years. Some of the most famous names in sailing have competed at these championships and a lucky few have made the podium list below.

title: 505 (dinghy)


text: Portal:Astronomy/Projects

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Portal:Astronomy/Projects


text:
Talk:Mitchell Feigenbaum

Untitled
Mitchell got a PhD in physics from MIT under Francis Low, so I changed his profession to mmathematical physicist. His lab at Rockefeller was called Laboratory of Mathematical Physics.

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 00:02, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

"... he often turned out to have read a paper that would help them; he was usually able to tell them the title, authors, and publication date to make things easier, and he did so straight off the top of his head most of the time." I asked him about this today. He said it was nonsense! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.194.102.72 (talk) 00:35, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Lanford
Shouldn't Oscar Lanford be mentioned? --AMSA83 23:31, 5 May 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by AMSA83 (talk • contribs)

Feigenbaum Planet
See: dude1818 (talk) 23:53, 13 March 2010 (UTC)

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Theory of Colours
Why does "See also" have a link to Goethe's Theory of Colours? 2601:644:8501:AAF0:0:0:0:2034 (talk) 20:34, 27 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mitchell Feigenbaum


text:
Airtight Garage

The Airtight Garage (Le Garage Hermétique or, in its earliest serialized form, Le Garage Hermétique de Jerry Cornelius) is a lengthy comic strip work by the artist and writer Moebius (real name Jean Giraud). It first appeared in discrete two-to-four-page episodes, in issues 6 through 41 of the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Métal Hurlant from 1976 to 1979, and later in the American version of the same magazine, Heavy Metal, starting in 1977. It was subsequently collected as a graphic novel in various editions.

Publication history
The book-length version appeared first in the original French and with the original black and white art, and only later in a US edition in English and in color. The US edition, published by Marvel Comics' Epic imprint in 1987 (as the third volume in a series devoted to the collected works of Moebius), used a new translation, by Jean-Marc Lofficier and Randy Lofficier, different from the Heavy Metal serialisation, and presented the work with the pages colored. This version, along with most of the other Epic volumes collecting Moebius's work, was later reprinted in a signed & numbered limited edition hardcover series from Graphitti Designs.

It was also published in the UK as a graphic novel by Titan Books in 1989, in advance of a Sony film adaptation that was never made.

It was also reprinted in 1992 in the smaller, standard comic-book format, as a four-issue limited series that included several new pages drawn especially for that edition.

In the twenty years since then, no English-language edition has been published. In France, however, as of 2012, the French version (Le Garage Hermétique) is available in both the original black-and-white "classique" edition and in a "Moebius U.S.A." format that combines the color art from the US editions with the original French text. Various deluxe editions featuring larger pages and/or a slipcase have also been offered, indicating the book's continued popularity and centrality in the Moebius canon.

Sequels and related works
The Airtight Garage was followed by L'Homme du Ciguri (The Man from the Ciguri) in 1995 and Le Chasseur Déprime in 2008. The latter has never appeared in English.

Some of the characters from these stories also show up in the 1974 comic Le Bandard Fou (The Horny Goof), which can be considered a prequel to The Airtight Garage.

The hero of The Airtight Garage, Major Grubert, was also the subject of some shorter comic-strip stories, poster images, and paintings over the course of his creator's long career, and eventually became the central character in an entire sketchbook-as-graphic-novel entitled Le Major, published in a limited edition facsimile in 2011. Major Grubert and his lady companion Malvina also appear throughout the six-volume Inside Moebius series (2000–2008).

Plot
Moebius has explained that the story was improvised in a deliberately whimsical or capricious manner. For this reason, the story is at times (deliberately) confusing. The "garage" itself is actually an asteroid in the constellation Leo which houses a pocket universe. Major Grubert orbits the asteroid in his spaceship Ciguri, from which he oversees the development of the worlds contained within. Several entities, including Jerry Cornelius, seek to invade the garage.

Critical responses
The Airtight Garage is "generally regarded as Moebius’ masterpiece" according to journalist and critic Chris Mautner, who ranked it first on a list of "essential Moebius works" shortly after the author's death in March 2012. In Mautner's view, "Garage pulsates with life, slowly unwinding its various plot strands, and delighting you in the various ways those strands connect, or fail to". Writer Sean Witzke has called it "the perfect comic" and "the only comic I have ever read that feels alive. It digresses against itself, doubles back, thinks, laughs, pauses, lurches, and eventually gracefully dances. This comic breathes". Matthias Wivel, writing in The Comics Journal in December 2009, wrote: "The Garage is a map of creation. It goes beyond world-building to explore the creative act itself. . . . By virtue of Moebius’ visual inventiveness and attention to detail, the Garage becomes a journey through [an] inner space . . . traveling at the speed of the reader's discovery". Wivel also noted that "the fantasy world of the Garage accommodated any idea [Moebius] could come up with and any representational style – from exquisite illustrative rendering to big-foot cartooning".

Critical opinion is divided, however, as to the virtues of the color version compared to the original black and white art. Wivel, for example, has referred to the 1987 American edition as "garishly colored" whereas Witzke feels "the colors can't be undersold . . . they are transformative to the work, and all you need to do is look at the sun setting over two pages, which is so good it's kind of an insult to call it stunning". Among Moebius admirers there seems to be no consensus on this matter, and some readers like both versions. Ian MacEwan, the creator of a popular Tumblr site dedicated to Moebius, has called himself "a huge fan of the coloring . . . I like it at least as much as the original b&w, purist in me be damned".

Trademark dispute
The Jerry Cornelius character was originally invented by Michael Moorcock who at one point gave permission for him to be used by any artist or writer who wished to. There was later some dispute over the character, and the right of use was revoked. When Marvel Comics reprinted the series, the name Jerry Cornelius was changed to "Lewis Carnelian".

In 2006, on his website, Moorcock himself wrote: "I didn't retroactively withdraw permission. Moebius was a friend of friends of mine when he started and someone (I don't know who) told him I didn't like the strip. I loved the strip, though I'd said it wasn't really Jerry Cornelius. This got taken to mean by someone that I didn't like it and Moebius, whom I came to know later and explain that I hadn't withdrawn permission, took the JC out of the title. He knows now that I liked it and had no problems with it."

Legacy
The Airtight Garage was also the name of a bar and videogame parlor in the Metreon in San Francisco, featuring unique original games developed for the venue. The name and architectural styling was no coincidence, and Moebius souvenirs could be purchased there. The arcade was later renamed Portal One, and the original games were phased out in favour of more familiar ones (although the decor was still Moebius-inspired). It closed permanently on 13 May 2007. It reopened briefly under the name Tilt with the same decor, but otherwise as a traditional arcade. Tilt is now closed, and the entire second floor of the building has become a City Target concept store.

title: Airtight Garage


text:
Kentro, Elis

Kentro (Κέντρο) is a village and a community of the Ilida municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Amaliada, of which it was a municipal district.

Geography
It is situated on the west shore of the dam Pineios. The reservoir was created in the 1960s. Kentro is 2 km northwest of Agios Ilias, 3 km east of Agios Dimitrios, 3 km south of Borsi and 14 km northeast of Amaliada. The community of Kentro covers an area of 3.65 km2.

title: Kentro, Elis


text:
Cruiser Mk IV

The Cruiser Tank Mk IV (A13 Mk II) was a British cruiser tank of the Second World War. It followed directly on from the Tank, Cruiser, Mk III (A13 Mk I). The first Mk IVs were Mk IIIs with extra armour fitted to the turret. Later Mk IVAs were built with the complete extra armour. The tank was used in France in 1940 and in the early part of the war in North Africa, before being withdrawn from service. A fast vehicle compared to other British tanks of the early part of the war, it was probably the best cruiser tank Britain had in 1940. In total, 955 of these tanks were built.

Design and development
Britain became interested in fast tanks after observing the Soviet BT tanks during the 1936 Red Army manoeuvres. The BT was based on the revolutionary designs of American J. Walter Christie and a team from Morris Motors was sent to the United States to purchase a Christie tank and the rights to build more. The tank was given the General Staff designation "A13E1" and was delivered in late 1936, but the hull was too small and this led to a second British-built prototype.

The A13E2 was built to mount the turret of the Vickers-designed Cruiser Mk I (A9). This carried a 40 mm Ordnance QF 2-pounder gun and a co-axial .303 water-cooled Vickers machine gun. The drivetrain was also revised, with the ability to run on its road wheels as a wheeled vehicle. Better tracks were used, with rear-mounted drive sprockets and in trials, over 40 mph was attained on them but later the speed was governed down to 30 mph. The armour of the A13E2 was 15 mm, in line with other pre-war fast tank designs.

The A13E3 was the final trials model, which led to the production tank, A13 MkI, Cruiser Tank Mk III, which entered production in 1939 at Nuffield Mechanizations and Aero, a munitions subsidiary within the Nuffield Organization. An order for 65 tanks was placed and at least 30 tanks completed when the War Office decided to build a new model with thicker armour. The A13 MkII, Cruiser Tank Mk IV, had a maximum armour thickness of 30 mm and faceted armour was mounted on the original turret sides and rear. This gave the tank a far more modern appearance; some Mk III tanks were re-built to Mk IV standard while at the factory.

The .303 Vickers machine gun gave constant trouble and was replaced by the 7.92 mm BESA machine gun. All British tanks were to have their designs modified to mount the new weapon from early 1940. This led to the main production version, the A13 MkIIA, Cruiser Tank MkIVA. A few examples were sent with the BEF to France, along with most of the earlier A13s. It is not known how many A13 MkIVA tanks were built - the numbers depending on the source. Between the Cruiser Mark III and Cruiser Mark IV, 665 had been built when production ended in 1941. English Electric, Leyland and LMS Railway were also involved in A13 production.

During the Battle of France, the A13 did not perform well, due to poor crew training as a result of being rushed into service. Many tanks shipped to France were in poor condition and some were so new that they had vital parts missing. The A13 performed much better in the deserts of the North Africa campaign and coped with the conditions better than some other designs. It was fast, adequately armed and armoured against Italian and German tanks. It remained an effective weapon until late 1941, when newer models of the Panzer III and Panzer IV appeared with thicker armour and larger guns. In North Africa, it was the anti-tank gun that claimed the vast majority of British tanks lost in battle; German tanks accounted for few British losses, contrary to popular belief.

The Cruiser MkIV was replaced by two tank designs, the Cruiser MkV Covenanter tank and the A15 Crusader tank. The A13 Covenanter was a radical departure from the original A13 design and constituted an entirely new tank, though design flaws meant it was unsuitable for warfare and it was used only for training. The A15 Crusader used the same Liberty engine but in all other respects was a new design.

Production history and variants

Sixty-five Mk III were built in 1939 by Nuffield; some of these were converted to Mk IV

 * MkIV CS, not built
 * MkV, re-design by LMS Railway as Cruiser Tank Mk V Covenanter (general staff specification A13 Mark III)

The .303 Vickers machine gun was replaced with 7.92 mm Besa machine gun. The MkIVA featured a new gun mantlet and was built at several factories, including LMS Railway. It was the main type used in the desert from 1940 to 1942.
 * Mk IVA (AC Mk IIA)

Combat history
Approximately 40 Cruiser Mk IV and MkIVA, saw service in France in 1940 with the 1st Armoured Division of the British Expeditionary Force. Most were abandoned at Calais, and the few tanks that did see action were destroyed by the numerically superior German armoured forces.

From October 1940, MkIVA cruisers were sent to the war in North Africa, where it was used with the older A9, Cruiser Tank MkI and A10 Cruiser Tank MkII. The A13 was never available in sufficient numbers and a typical armoured brigade would have a mixture of relatively slow 10 – Mk I and Mk II cruisers with faster 30 – Mark IVs and Light Tank Mk VI (the latter acting as cruiser tanks), this caused tactical and supply difficulties.

Nine Mark IV tanks captured by the Germans after the Battle of France were reused as command vehicles for Panzer Abteilung (Flamm) 100 ("Flame tank battalion 100") during Operation Barbarossa. They were given the German designations Pz.Kpf.Wg.A13(e) or MK IV 744(e); the 'e' signifying their origin as 'English'.

title: Cruiser Mk IV


text:
Cirroc Lofton

Cirroc Lofton (, born August 7, 1978) is an American actor and podcaster who started his career at the age of nine with many minor roles. He got his start in the 1989 child education program Econ and Me, which teaches kids economics. He is best known for playing Jake Sisko on the 1990s TV series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.

Personal life
Lofton is the nephew of the former Major League Baseball center fielder Kenny Lofton.

Career
Lofton's first major role on a TV series was also his longest role, playing Jake Sisko, the son of the lead character, Benjamin Sisko on the science fiction TV series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine from 1993 to 1999. In September 2003, he played Maynard, a preacher's son who went to Harvard in the 7th Heaven episode "PK". He had a regular role as professional basketball player Curtis Thorpe on the Showtime drama series The Hoop Life,  and a recurring role as law student Anthony Carter on the Showtime drama series Soul Food. Lofton portrayed Tommy Boyer in "Darkroom", a 2006 episode of the CBS television series CSI: Miami.

title: Cirroc Lofton


text:
Portal:Astronomy/Picture/April 2005

The Eagle Nebula, imaged at the Kitt Peak National Observatory (credit: NOAO/AURA/NSF).

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/April 2005


text: User talk:193.170.68.246

title: User talk:193.170.68.246


text: User talk:68.159.169.15

title: User talk:68.159.169.15


text:
User:Blindside17

oh hey

title: User:Blindside17


text:
Reese's Peanut Butter Cups

Reese's Peanut Butter Cups are an American candy by the Hershey Company consisting of a peanut butter filling encased in chocolate. They were created on November 15, 1928, by H. B. Reese, a former dairy farmer and shipping foreman for Milton S. Hershey. Reese was let go from his job with Hershey when the Round Barn which he managed was shut down for cost-saving measures. He subsequently decided to start his own candy business. Reese's are a top-selling candy brand worldwide, with more than $2 billion in annual sales.

History
The H.B. Reese Candy Company was established in 1923 by H. B. Reese in Hershey, Pennsylvania. The official product name was "Penny Cups" because they could be purchased for one cent. Reese had originally worked at a Hershey dairy farm, and from the start, he used Hershey chocolate in his confections. Reese's Peanut Butter Cups were his most popular candy, leading Reese to eventually discontinue his other lines. Reese died in 1956, passing the company to his six sons, Robert, John, Ed, Ralph, Harry, and Charles Richard Reese. On July 2, 1963, the Reese brothers merged the H. B. Reese Candy Company with the Hershey Chocolate Corporation in a tax-free stock-for-stock merger. In 1969, Reese's Peanut Butter Cups became the Hershey Company's top seller.

The H.B. Reese Candy Company is maintained as a subsidiary of Hershey because the Reese plant workforce is not unionized, unlike the main Hershey plant. In 2012, Reese's was the best-selling candy brand in the United States with sales of $2.603 billion, and was the fourth-best-selling candy brand globally with sales of $2.679 billion—only $76 million (2.8%) of its sales were from outside the United States market. Additionally, the H.B. Reese Candy Company manufactures the Kit Kat in the United States, which had 2012 U.S. sales of $948 million.

, in the U.S. convenience store channel, Reese's was the largest confection brand by far: It was 62% larger than the next brand, with more households purchasing Reese's products than any other confection brand across the United States. Reese's includes the overall top-selling confection item—the Reese's Peanut Butter Cups King Size—as well as six of the top 20 chocolate/non-chocolate items. Additionally, the Reese's brand accounts for over 47% of all seasonal sales within the U.S. convenience store channel, including the top two items in the largest four commercial seasons: Valentine's, Easter, Halloween, and Christmas. As a comparison, the next largest brand accounts for only 10% of seasonal sales. In 2024, the Reese brothers' original 666,316 shares of Hershey common stock represent 16 million Hershey shares valued at over $4.4 billion that pay annual cash dividends of $87.6 million.

Variations

Hershey's produces variations and "limited editions" of the candy that have included:

Size variations
 * Big Cup: a thicker version of the traditional Reese's Peanut Butter Cup. Introduced in limited editions in 2003 before becoming a permanent fixture of the brand two years later. Has several variations, including potato chips, pretzels, Reese's Pieces, and Reese's Puffs fillings.
 * Half-Pound Cup: a single cup weighing 227 g. Introduced in 2011.
 * King Size: Introduced in 1987. Originally 3.2 oz; since 1991, 2.8 oz.
 * Miniatures: bite-size
 * Thins: 40% thinner than the original cup. Introduced in 2018.
 * Sugar Free: same as the original but without sugar. Introduced in 2003.
 * World's Largest: each cup weighs 8 oz.

Filling variations
 * Caramel: the traditional cup with an added layer of caramel filling. First available in 2006. Discontinued but was brought back in 2023.
 * Crunchy: a traditional cup with crunchy peanut butter, as opposed to the smooth peanut butter in the original. Introduced in the 1970s. It has been discontinued and rereleased over the years. Still available in some markets as of 2019.
 * Crunchy Cookie Cup: a layered cup with crushed chocolate cookies and peanut butter filling. First available in 1997. Discontinued in 1999, but was brought back in 2017. Hershey has since launched a Big Cup version called Reese's Big Cup Crunchy Cookie.
 * Double Chocolate: chocolate fudge filling instead of peanut butter. Limited edition. First available in 2006. Discontinued.
 * Double Crunch: a traditional cup with peanut filling similar to a Snickers bar, released in the fourth quarter of 2010.
 * Hazelnut Cream: hazelnut filling instead of the standard peanut butter filling. Was only available in Canada and now discontinued.
 * Honey Roasted: a traditional cup substituting honey roasted peanut butter. First available in the early 2000s but was brought back in 2017 as 'Taste of Georgia Honey Roasted Reese's' for a limited time. Discontinued.
 * Marshmallow: the traditional cup with an added layer of marshmallow filling. First available in 2007. Discontinued.
 * Peanut Butter & Banana Creme: a layered cup with a top chocolate layer, bottom banana crème layer, and peanut butter filling; released as a tribute to Elvis Presley. It was available in standard, Big Cups and Miniatures sizes. First available in 2007. Discontinued.

Coating variations
 * Chocolate Lovers: a thicker chocolate cup with a thinner layer of peanut butter. Was available in 2003–2005. Brought back for Summer 2019.
 * Dark Chocolate: peanut butter filling in a dark chocolate cup. First available in early 2000s; introduced on and off as part of limited edition product variations for many years, then made its permanent debut in 2009.
 * Fudge: a thicker, darker chocolate cup with peanut butter filling. First available in 2004. Discontinued.
 * White Creme: peanut butter filling in a white chocolate cup. In December 2003, the White Reese's Peanut Butter Cup product variation was permanently added to the Reese's Peanut Butter Cup product line. The product brand variation originally launched as "White Chocolate Reese's Peanut Butter Cups" but was changed to White Reese's or White Creme Reese's after scrutiny for its misrepresentation since the product does not actually include any chocolate.

Coating and filling variations
 * Extra Smooth & Creamy: Has a smoother chocolate and peanut butter filling. First available in early 2000s. Discontinued.
 * Inside Out: chocolate filling in a peanut butter cup (a reversal of the traditional version). First available in 2005. Discontinued.
 * Peanut Butter Lovers: a layered cup with top peanut butter layer, thin chocolate layer and peanut butter filling. Was available in 2003–2005. Brought back for Summer 2019. The Peanut Butter Lovers cup in 2005 did not have extra peanut butter in the shell coating as it does today.

Holiday editions
During the seasons when retailers offer holiday-themed candies, Reese's Peanut Butter candies are available in various shapes that still offer the standard confection theme of the traditional Reese's cup (peanut butter contained in a chocolate shell). They are sold in a 6-pack packaging configuration but are usually available individually. Although exterior packaging is altered to reflect the theme of the representative holiday, the actual holiday itself is never presented.

 * Reese's Peanut Butter Hearts: Available mainly during January and February, these are heart-shaped confections representing Valentine's Day. At various retailers, an individually-packaged, larger heart is available as well. These are packaged in all-red exterior packaging. Launched nationally in 1997.

 * Reese's Peanut Butter Roses: These are also sold in January and February and represent Valentine's Day.

 * Reese's Peanut Butter Eggs: Available mainly during March and April, these are egg-shaped confections representing Easter. Exterior packaging is usually yellow and orange (milk chocolate), white and orange (white chocolate), or dark brown and orange (fudge-flavored chocolate). This is the only holiday-themed item available in three chocolate varieties.
 * Reese's Peanut Butter Pumpkins: Available mainly during September and October, these are pumpkin-shaped confections representing Halloween. The packaging is standard Reese's orange with a jack-o-lantern picture and the word "Pumpkins" prominently displayed. Launched nationally in 1993. White Creme pumpkins were added to the Reese's Peanut Butter Pumpkin line in 2017.
 * Reese's Peanut Butter Ghosts: Available mainly during September and October, these are ghost-shaped confections representing Halloween. The packaging is Halloween themed with the word scary on it. The ghost replaces the letter "a" in the word scary. First released in 2016.
 * Reese's Peanut Butter Franken-Cup: Released in 2020, Hershey's first colored Reese's variation. It consists of milk chocolate, white crème that is dyed green, and the traditional peanut butter filling.
 * Reese's Peanut Butter Bats: Available in September and October, these are bat-shaped chocolate candies.
 * Reese's Peanut Butter Christmas Trees: Available mainly during November and December, these are evergreen tree-shaped confections representing Christmas. At various retailers these may be available in standard milk chocolate or white. Initially, the packaging was green, white, and orange, but has been changed to a winter scene with a snow-covered ground and a snowman with a central large orange evergreen tree-shape in the center of the package. In November 2015, consumers criticized the product via Twitter for bearing too vague a resemblance to a Christmas tree.
 * The above are all slightly larger than a single, ordinary Reese's Cup.
 * Reese's Peanut Butter Bells: These bell shaped candies are smaller than a traditional cup, but are slightly larger than a miniature cup and have a higher ratio of chocolate to peanut butter. They are sold in bulk bags, much like Hershey Kisses.
 * Reese's Peanut Butter Bunny: A larger, individually-packaged Easter Bunny. Formerly known as a Reester Bunny.
 * Reese's Snowman: The peanut butter snowman is three times larger than the peanut butter tree, egg or pumpkin.
 * Reese's Peanut Butter Ugly Sweater: Candy in the shape of an ugly sweater, a common Christmas gift.
 * Reese's Peanut Butter Footballs: Candy in the shape of a football, available during football season.
 * Reese's Milk Chocolate Peanut Butter Nutcrackers: Candy in the shape of a nutcracker doll, a Christmas decoration.
 * Reese's Peanut Butter Shapes These are Christmas-themed candies in the shapes of snowmen, bells, and trees, sold during the holiday season.
 * Reese's Peanut Butter Santas. These are shaped like Santa Claus.

Other products

 * Reese's Crispy Crunchy is a candy bar made of flaky peanut butter and chopped peanuts coated with milk chocolate. It was introduced in 2006.
 * Reese's Fast Break (previously sold in Canada as Hershey Sidekick) feature peanut butter over a layer of nougat and covered in chocolate. It was introduced in 2001 in the United States and Canada. It was discontinued in Canada in September 2006.
 * Reese’s Plant Based Peanut Butter Cups, are peanut butter cups made with oat milk instead of cow's milk. They were introduced into the U.S. in 2023.
 * Reese's Snack Bar, peanut butter creme, crisp whole grain brown rice, roasted peanuts, and milk chocolate.
 * Reese's Sticks, formerly called "ReeseSticks", are wafers filled with peanut butter and covered in chocolate. They were introduced in 1998 and are sold in pairs, similar to Twix and Kit Kat bars. They are banned in Norway because of the use of genetically modified additives.
 * Reese's Whipps is a candy bar made of peanut butter nougat and a layer of peanut butter and chocolate. It was introduced in 2007.
 * Reese's Peanut Butter Ice Cream is ice cream containing Reese's Peanut Butter Cups.

 * Reese’s Puffs are a corn-based breakfast cereal manufactured and distributed in the U.S. by General Mills inspired by Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups.

Marketing and advertising
In the United States, Reese's Peanut Butter Cups typically come in packs of 2, 4, 5, 10 or 20 in distinctive orange packaging, set on thin but rigid paperboard trays. The "Classic" two-pack is a 0.75 oz cup since 2001 (originally a 0.9 oz size, reduced to 0.8 oz in 1991), the "King Size" four-pack introduced in the early 1980s is a 0.7 oz cup (originally a 0.8 oz cup until 1991) and the "Lunch" eight-pack is a 0.55 oz cup. "Large Size" packs of three 0.7 oz cups, as well as bags containing 0.6 oz cups, are also available. Reese's Miniatures come in various bag sizes and foil colors for seasonal themes like red, gold and green for the Christmas holiday season. In Canada, they at one point were packaged as Reese Peanut Butter Cups, but were still widely referred to by their American name. The possessive name is recognized only in English grammar, so it was removed to make the name bilingual in Canada. Previously packaged in a two pack, they now come in a standard pack of three 0.55 oz. cups or the king-size variation with four cups. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, they were originally available only in two-packs, though are now available in three-packs, five-packs and miniatures. In 2008, Reese's Peanut Butter Cups were made available in Europe by Hydro Texaco and 7-Eleven. In Australia, Reese's products can be found in many specialty candy stores, as well as from American stores such as Costco.

In the 1970s and 1980s, a series of commercials were run for Reese's Peanut Butter Cups featuring situations in which two people, one eating peanut butter and one eating chocolate, collided. One person would exclaim, "You got your peanut butter on my chocolate!" and the other would exclaim, "You got your chocolate in my peanut butter!" They would then sample the mixture and remark on the great taste, tying in with the slogan "Two great tastes that taste great together."

In the 1990s, the product's slogan was: "There's no wrong way to eat a Reese's."

Reese's was an associate sponsor of NASCAR Cup Series drivers Mark Martin (1994) and Kevin Harvick (2007–2010).

Reese's sponsor the replay feature on the television broadcasts of the AHL Hershey Bears.

title: Reese's Peanut Butter Cups


text: User talk:70.26.0.141

title: User talk:70.26.0.141


text:
Transport Plan

The Transportation Plan was a plan for strategic bombing during World War II against bridges, rail centres, including marshalling yards and repair shops in France with the goal of limiting the German military response to the invasion of France in June 1944.

The plan was based on those of Air Marshal Tedder and the "Overlord air plan" of Air Chief Marshal Leigh-Mallory, The plan was devised by Professor Solly Zuckerman, an advisor to the Air Ministry, to destroy transportation in Occupied France during the "preparatory period" for Operation Overlord so Germany would be unable to respond effectively to the invasion.

The air campaign, carried out by the bombers of the RAF and USAAF crippled the German rail networks in France and played a crucial role in disrupting German logistics and reinforcements to the invasion area.

Plan and operations
Air Officer Commanding (AOC) RAF Bomber Command Marshal Arthur Harris did not want to divert his bomber force away from their strategic campaign against German industry (known to the Germans as the Defence of the Reich campaign). However, he resigned himself early on to supporting Overlord as early as 17 February 1944 while his force was engaged in the bombing campaign against Berlin. On 6 March 1944, Charles Portal ordered attacks on the marshalling yards at Trappes, Aulnoye, Le Mans, Amiens, Lougeau, Courtrai and Laon. Control of all air operations was transferred to Eisenhower on 14 April at noon.

Results
The effectiveness of the Transport Plan was evident in German reports at the time. A German Air Ministry (RLM) report of 13 June 1944 stated: "The raids...have caused the breakdown of all main lines; the coast defences have been cut off from the supply bases in the interior...producing a situation which threatens to have serious consequences" and that although "transportation of essential supplies for the civilian population have been completely...large scale strategic movement of German troops by rail is practically impossible at the present time and must remain so while attacks are maintained at their present intensity".

title: Transport Plan


text:
That Thing You Do! (song)

"That Thing You Do" is the titular song appearing in the 1996 film of the same name. Written by Adam Schlesinger, the song is performed by the fictional 1960s band The Wonders, who are the focus of the film. The song peaked at No. 41 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song in 1997.

In the film
In 1964, an Erie, Pennsylvania, band named "The Oneders" (later known as The Wonders) goes from a college talent show to climbing up the Billboard charts thanks to the song "That Thing You Do". Written by guitarist/vocalist Jimmy Mattingly II, it was originally crafted as a ballad. During the performance at the talent show, drummer Guy Patterson produces a much more up-tempo beat and the rest of the band follow suit, turning the song from a ballad into an upbeat, Beatles-esque pop-rock number. The song is an instant hit with the audience, and they win the talent show. From there, the band is picked up by a local manager who helps them get more shows in the area, and eventually the song receives radio airplay. The band is then signed to Play-Tone Records, under Mr. White's guidance, and the song climbs up the Billboard Hot 100, starting at number 93, then 71, 49, and 21. The following week, "That Thing You Do" climbs to number 7, becoming the quickest-charting song ever on Play-Tone Records. However, Jimmy walks out on the band before they can produce another record, so they eventually become one-hit wonders.

Early in the film, when Jimmy and Lenny are asking Guy to join them at the talent competition at the college, Jimmy mentions they'll perform a song he wrote. Lenny takes offense to that by slapping Jimmy on the arm. Jimmy begrudgingly corrects himself by saying, "We wrote." Later, when the vinyl 45 is officially released, the label states: Written by James Mattingly II. Later still, when being interviewed live on radio station KJZZ, Jimmy says of the song, "We wrote it in my garage back in Erie, Pennsylvania."

In the film, the song is performed by James "Jimmy" Mattingly II on lead vocals and guitar, Leonard "Lenny" Haise on lead guitar and backing vocals, "T.B. Player" on bass and backing vocals, and Guy "Shades" Patterson on drums. For their live performance of the song on The Hollywood Television Showcase, studio bassist Scott "Wolfman" Pell replaced T.B. Player on bass and backing vocals.

In the fictitious "mockumentary" liner notes from the film soundtrack CD, it is stated that "That Thing You Do" peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 during the summer of 1964.

In reality
The song was written by Adam Schlesinger, the bassist of the alternative rock group Fountains of Wayne. Schlesinger did not expect his song to be chosen, but tried as "a personal exercise." Performers include Mike Viola on vocals with Schlesinger on backup vocals.

The song was released as a single, and although not as successful as was depicted in the film, the track still did moderately well in the US, peaking for three weeks at number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100 in November 1996. (It also reached number 22 on the Adult Contemporary chart, number 18 on the Adult Top 40, and number 24 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart.) The song also reached number 50 in Australia.

The song was a bigger hit outside of the US, reaching number 31 in Canada in December 1996, and number 22 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1997. The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 69th Academy Awards as well as Best Original Song at the 54th Golden Globe Awards, losing out on both occasions to Madonna's "You Must Love Me" (written by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber) from the musical Evita.

On April 25, 2017, three quarters of the actors who played the Wonders—Tom Everett Scott (Guy "Shades" Patterson), Johnathon Schaech (Jimmy Mattingly II) and Ethan Embry ("T.B. Player")—performed the song live during a surprise appearance at the Roxy in Los Angeles. The occasion was the Goddamn Comedy Jam, a live show series in which comedians tell funny stories about a meaningful song and then perform it with a live band. Comedian and show creator Josh Adam Meyers persuaded the actors to perform the song with him. After initial hesitation on Scott's part, Meyers managed to persuade him with help from The After Jam producer Jason Gallagher, who happened to be Scott's brother-in-law. The other actors soon followed suit, with Gallagher helping them learn how to play the instruments. Steve Zahn (Lenny Haise) was unable to participate due to living in Kentucky; comedian Jeremiah Watkins took his place on lead guitar while wearing a cut-out mask of Zahn's face. On April 10, 2017, Embry posted a video of himself playing the song's bass line; it is now apparent that the video was a teaser for the event two weeks later.

Cover versions

 * The Knack recorded the song for their 1998 hits collection, Proof: The Very Best of the Knack.
 * 'N Sync performed the song during their 1999 tour, as part of a '60s segment.
 * New Found Glory did a cover of this song for their EP, From the Screen to Your Stereo in 2000.
 * Brennan Hillard covered the song in 2003 as a semifinalist on American Juniors, performing it in a higher key because he was a boy tenor at the time.
 * Japanese ska band Shaka Labbits included a cover of the song on their 2004 live album Burning Cylinder.
 * Scottish band Bubblegum Lemonade included the song on their 2008 EP Ten Years Younger.
 * In 2010, the song was parodied by The Fringemunks to recap Fringe episode 3.03, "The Plateau."
 * Day6's Jae Park performed it on the South Korean reality show K-pop Star in 2012.
 * Pentatonix performed the song at the 2014 Kennedy Center Honors, paying tribute to Tom Hanks, the writer and director of the song's feature film by the same name.
 * Set It Off used the beat as inspiration for their song "Ancient History."
 * Cheekface recorded a cover of the song for the Adam Schlesinger tribute album Saving for a Custom Van in 2020.
 * Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day released a cover version of the song to YouTube in 2020.
 * REO Brothers recorded a cover in July 2020 on YouTube.
 * The Weeklings perform it on their live album, "In Their on Write" on JEM Records. It also appears on their "Live If You Want It" live stream released on YouTube in 2020.
 * The Erie, Pennsylvania band First to Eleven covered the song in February 2022.

title: That Thing You Do! (song)


text:
User talk:Booksmart7781

Introduction
I am a undergraduate history student and a frequent user of Wikipedia. For me, English Wikipedia is an invaluable resource when I need to find basic information about a particular person, subject, or issue. Plus, the mission of Wikipedia reflects a basic belief that I have about information: All access to public and historical information should be unlimited and free.

Having said that, there are a few problems that I have encountered while using Wikipedia. Most of these problems are inevitable given that Wikipedia is an accessible online encyclopedia that any person with Internet access can edit. The most common ones I've experienced are inaccurate, biased, and misleading information within articles, badly edited articles, and offensive and inappropriate content.

Needed Edits and Changes
There are a few articles, in particular biographical articles, on English Wikipedia that need serious rewriting and/or editing. For example, the articles on former US Senator Jesse Helms and late Doors frontman Jim Morrison need extensive work. These pages were obviously written by fans of the two men, and the essays reflect that. There are precious few facts available, but plenty of antedotes and often irrelevant information, like how many awards and honors Senator Helms has won over the years.

When I find the time, I will personally rewrite Morrison's article myself, and I think I have the basic facts to create a fairly decent and critical article. The biggest challenge with a person like Jim Morrison is the mythology that often shrouds their public image. Nearly thirty-five years after his death, Morrison's life remains as clouded in rumor and conjecture as it was during his too-brief lifetime.

Also, I would like to create pages for several historical figures that have traditionally been neglected, like Anna Julia Cooper. These are people that are either so obscure that most people know nothing of them, or they remain footnotes in another's person's story. Still, these people, like Cooper, have made invauable contributions to human knowledge and history, and more people should know about them. This is an area in which I want to contribute.

title: User talk:Booksmart7781


text: User talk:66.195.132.2

title: User talk:66.195.132.2


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Perpendicular Universes

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 00:14, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Perpendicular Universes
''The original nomination omitted the header, causing the first four comments here to appear to be an extension of the prior discussion. Now fixed. Rossami (talk) 16:58, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)''

google search shows two results, and the artilce doesn't make much sense bakuzjw (aka 578) 20:45, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I get 811 results for "perpendicular universe" and 117 for "perpendicular universes", although some of these are probably about something else. Nonetheless, delete unless the original research problem is fixed up before end of VFD.  JYolkowski 23:55, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * the google serach was under the guys name (DR. Kransov phd) not "perpendicular universe." bakuzjw (aka 578) 00:12, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Fair enough, although I find it hard to believe that a real PhD can't spell "universe", "relatively", "large", "evidence", and "believed", among other words. (-: JYolkowski 03:22, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, original research, see No original research. Random refernces to "perpendicular universe" in Google are not references to this guy's theory. -- Curps 02:56, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The complex mathematical formula almost tricked me, but delete. --Plutor 18:03, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, appears to be nonsense, certainly OR. Pretzelpaws 19:51, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonsense. --Ponder 20:42, 2005 Feb 14 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:61.7.129.177

title: User talk:61.7.129.177


text:
The Hoop Life

The Hoop Life is an American drama television series depicting the lives of a team of basketball players in the fictional UBA (United Basketball Association) that aired on Showtime from July 4, 1999 until March 19, 2000. starring Rick Peters as Greg Marr, Mykelti Williamson as Marvin Buxton, and Cirroc Lofton as b-ball prodigy Curtis Thorpe.

Cast

 * Rick Peters as Greg Marr
 * Mykelti Williamson as Marvin Buxton
 * Cirroc Lofton as Curtis Thorpe

title: The Hoop Life


text:
User talk:Rekcedeob

Hey there! Good to see you've made a username. Ground 20:47, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

yo

title: User talk:Rekcedeob


text: User talk:65.121.37.207

title: User talk:65.121.37.207


text:
Joachim Hansen (fighter)

Joachim B. Hansen (born 26 May 1979) is a Norwegian retired mixed martial artist. He began his career fighting for FinnFight before moving on to fight for Shooto where he became the first Scandinavian person to hold an MMA world title after winning the Shooto World Lightweight Championship in 2003 from Takanori Gomi. Hansen later fought for the Pride Fighting Championship and most recently Dream where he became the Dream Lightweight Champion.

Background
Hansen was born in Oslo, Norway to a Norwegian father and Scottish mother. Aside from his career as a fighter, he has a job driving an oil tanker. Hansen's passion in martial arts began after seeing Jackie Chan films in his youth and he began training in Brazilian jiu-jitsu when he was 19 years old. He is good friends with former UFC veteran and Norwegian Brazilian jiu-jitsu specialist John Olav Einemo.

FinnFight and Shooto
Joachim "Hellboy" Hansen began his career fighting for Finnish promotion FinnFight before moving on to fight for Shooto's Finnish branch. His performance got him invited to Shooto's year-end show in 2002 where he, with a 3–1 record, faced Takumi Nakayama who at the time had 14 fights under his belt. Hansen won a majority decision. Hansen's performance impressed Shooto-veteran Rumina Sato who challenged Hansen after the match. Three months later the two met, with Hansen defeating the Japanese fighter two minutes into the bout by TKO. The win set him up for a title shot against the Shooto Lightweight Champion, and at the time 14–0, Takanori Gomi. The fight went the distance with Hansen being awarded a majority decision, making him the Shooto Lightweight Champion and first Scandinavian person to hold a MMA world title. Hansen's first title defense was against another undefeated fighter in Vítor Ribeiro who took away Hansen's title by submitting him two minutes into the second round.

Pride Fighting championships
Hansen went on to win his next seven fights, most notably against Gesias Calvancanti, Caol Uno, Masakazu Imanari and Yves Edwards, before losing a decision to Hayato Sakurai in the semi-finals of the Pride 2005 Lightweight tournament. He then challenged Tatsuya Kawajiri for the Shooto Welterweight Championship, but lost by disqualification due to a kick to the groin of Kawajiri. Hansen then went 2–2 in his next four fights, losing to Shinya Aoki and Eiji Mitsuoka, before his next big win against Kazuyuki Miyata at K-1 Premium 2007 Dynamite!!.

Dream
On 15 March 2008 Hansen entered Dream's 16-man 2008 Lightweight Grand-Prix tournament. In the first round of the tournament he faced and defeated Japanese fighter Kotetsu Boku by unanimous decision at Dream 1. The win set him up for a quarterfinal bout against Eddie Alvarez, at Dream 3. Hansen and Alvarez were given a standing ovation for their "outstanding fights" by the entire crowd after their match. After a close fight Alvarez was awarded a unanimous decision and advanced to the Dream 5: Lightweight Grand Prix 2008 Final Round. The fight was described by MMAWeekly as "a fifteen-minute war" and that it would be a "fight of the year candidate", while Sherdog called it a "riveting 15-minute war" and an "epic battle".

At Dream 5 Hansen defeated Kultar Gill in a reserve bout for the tournament. This became Hansen's ticket to the final after Alvarez, who went on to defeat Tatsuya Kawajiri in the semi-final, but was forced to withdraw due to a cut under his right eye. In the final, Hansen faced Japanese submission-specialist Shinya Aoki, who had previously defeated Hansen at Pride Shockwave 2006. In the fight Aoki used his grappling experience to try and submit Hansen after taking him down, but the Norwegian escaped and responded with powerful ground-and-pound which hurt Aoki and eventually forced the referee to step in. The win made Hansen the 2008 Dream Lightweight Grand Prix Champion and the first ever Dream Lightweight Champion. After the bout Hansen told the crowd he wanted his first title defense to be against Eddie Alvarez whom he replaced, and who had previously eliminated him from the tournament.

Hansen's next fight was set to be against Gesias Calvancante at Dynamite!! 2008 on 31 December 2008, but the bout was canceled the day of the event due to Hansen not passing pre-fight medicals and subsequently being hospitalized for a "head injury". It was later clarified that the injury stemmed from a teammate landing awkwardly on Hansen's head after a takedown during warm-up, resulting with Hansen being rushed to the hospital where he was diagnosed with a concussion. In February 2009 Hansen was reported as being healthy and was in negotiations with Dream about his first title defense. His first title defense was on 6 October 2009 when he lost the title to Shinya Aoki.

Hansen faced Bibiano Fernandes on 22 March 2010 at Dream 13 for the Dream Featherweight Championship. He lost the match in a split decision.

Hansen lost to Hiroyuki Takaya on 29 May 2010 at Dream 14 by Knockout

Hansen defeated Hideo Tokoro on 25 September at Dream 16 with a Submission (Triangle Choke) 2:48 in the first round.

Returning to Scandinavia, Hansen fought Usama Aziz at Superior Challenge 6 29 October 2010. Hansen defeated Aziz 3:47 in the second round by submission.

Hansen fought Mitsuhiro Ishida on 29 May 2011 at Dream: Fight for Japan!. Hansen won via split decision.

Hansen faced Tatsuya Kawajiri in a featherweight bout at Dream 17 at Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan, on 24 Sept. He lost the fight via submission in the third round.

Despite having an almost two-year hiatus, Hansen then faced Doo Won Seo (on a six fight winning streak) at ROAD FC 11 in Seo's backyard Seoul, South Korea. in which he defeated Seo via submission (arm triangle choke) at 2:24 into the second round.

Kickboxing career
Hansen debuted as a professional kickboxer at the Shoot Boxing World Tournament 2012 in Tokyo, Japan on 17 November 2012. The Shoot Boxing World Tournament, or "S-Cup", is an eight-man, 70 kg standing vale tudo tournament that combines striking, throws and submissions held by the Shoot Boxing Association once every two years. He was drawn against Hiroaki Suzuki at the quarter-final stage and lost by unanimous decision after an extension round.

In his sophomore apprearence as a shootboxer, Hansen gained his first win as he took a unanimous decision victory over Kenji Kanai at Shoot Boxing 2013 - Act 1 in Tokyo on 22 February 2013.

Personal life
Hansen has various tattoos. The tattoo on his right arm is an odal rune and it stands for spiritual heritage. The tattoo on his left arm is Viking art mixed with Celtic art. This relates to his bloodline as his grandmother is a descendant of a Scottish clan. On the inside of his left arm is Thor's hammer. Hansen enjoys heavy metal music and playing the guitar. Hansen retired from MMA in December 2016. In a Facebook message from his then manager Aron Jahnsen, Hansen suffered a stroke and despite later being offered a fight for a European organization, he reportedly turned it down.

Martial arts
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
 * 2nd place in European Cup (1999), 74 kg (163 lb) advanced division.
 * 1st place in Finnish Open (1999), 75 kg (165 lb) division
 * 3rd place in European Cup (1999), 80 kg (176 lb) division
 * Did not place in BJJ Munidals (2000)
 * 2nd place in BJJ Open in London (2001), 73 kg (161 lb) blue belt division.
 * 3rd place in BJJ Open in London (2001), absolute/open weight blue/purple belt division.

Submission grappling
 * 2nd place in Helsinki Submission Wrestling (1999), 65 kg (143 lb) division.
 * 1st place in Finnish Open (1999), 70 kg (154 lb) division.
 * 1st place in Finnish Open (2000), 70 kg (154 lb) division.
 * 1st place in Scandinavian Open (2000), 76 kg (167 lb) division.
 * 1st place in Bad Boy Cup (2000), 70 kg (154 lb) division.
 * 1st place in Finnish Open (2001), 79 kg (174 lb) division.
 * 1st place in Frank Shamrock Invitational (2001), 70 kg (154 lb) division.
 * 1st place in King of the Beach (2001), 78 kg (172 lb) division.
 * 1st place in Scandinavian Open (2002), 73 kg (161 lb) division.
 * Scandinavia Wrestling Submission Wrestling Champion (1999 and 2000).

Mixed martial arts

 * DREAM
 * DREAM Lightweight Championship (1 time, first)
 * 2008 DREAM Lightweight Grand Prix Champion
 * Professional Shooto Japan
 * Shooto Welterweight Champion (1 time)

Kickboxing record

 * - bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
 * 2013-02-22 || Win ||align=left|🇯🇵 Kenji Kanai || Shoot Boxing 2013 - Act 1 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 1-1
 * - bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
 * 2012-11-17 || Loss ||align=left|🇯🇵 Hiroaki Suzuki || Shoot Boxing World Tournament 2012, Quarter Finals || Tokyo, Japan || Extension round decision (unanimous) || 4 || 3:00 || 0-1
 * colspan=9 | Legend:
 * colspan=9 | Legend:

title: Joachim Hansen (fighter)


text:
Beijing Radio and Television Station

Beijing Radio and Television Station (BRTV), formerly Beijing Media Network (BMN), is a government-owned television network in China. It broadcasts from Beijing. The channel is available only in Chinese. Broadcasts in Beijing are on AM, FM, cable FM, digital radio, digital TV and online.

Beijing Media Network was founded on 16 May 1979. It covers China, Asia and North America. China Central Television was called Beijing Television from 1958 to 1978.

In October 2022, BRTV took a minority ownership stake in Kuaishou.

History
Radio Beijing Corporation (RBC;, literally Beijing People's Broadcasting Station), was a family of municipal radio stations that also include news, music, and sports in Beijing.

On 1 June 2020, Radio Beijing Corporation, together with Beijing Television and Beiguang Media, merged into Beijing Media Network.

List of Beijing Radio channels
, all of these radio channels are also available via Internet.

Former radio channels

 * Beijing Jingji Radio - internet streaming only channel focus on financial, stopped on 1 January 2022
 * Beijing Qingmeng Radio - internet streaming only channel focus on Blue Network Broadcast, stopped on 1 January 2022
 * Beijing Tongsu Radio - FM 97.0 and internet streaming focus on Popular Music (Mandopop), stopped on 1 January 2022
 * Beijing Shenghuo Radio - internet streaming only channel focus on Beijing City Life Broadcast, stopped on 1 January 2022
 * Beijing Qingyinyue Radio - internet streaming only channel focus on Light Music Broadcast, stopped on 1 January 2022
 * Beijing DAB Radio - internet streaming only channel focus on DAB Broadcast, stopped on 1 January 2022
 * Beijing Story Radio - AM 603 kHz & FM 89.1 MHz focus on stories, stopped on 1 January 2023
 * Radio Beijing International - AM 774 kHz & FM 92.3 MHz for foreign broadcasting, stopped on 1 January 2023
 * Beijing Youth Radio - AM 927 kHz & FM 98.2 MHz for Youths, stopped on 1 January 2023

title: Beijing Radio and Television Station


text:
BTV

BTV may refer to:

Bangladesh

 * Bangladesh Television, a state-owned TV broadcaster in Bangladesh and country's oldest television network

Botswana

 * Botswana Television, national broadcaster in Botswana
 * Botswana TV 1, targeted for adults. Normally airs government issues like National Development Plans (NDPs), economics, etc.
 * Botswana TV 3 focuses on tourism, cultural shows etc.

Bulgaria

 * bTV (Bulgaria), a major national television channel in Bulgaria
 * bTV Lady, a Bulgarian television channel targeted at a female audience
 * bTV Action, a Bulgarian action show television channel
 * bTV Cinema, a Bulgarian television channel, showing movies and serials
 * bTV Comedy, a Bulgarian television channel featuring comedy programs

United States

 * Bloomberg Television (BTV), a business news channel
 * Binghamton Television, the student television station of Binghamton University, Vestal, New York

Other television networks/channels/stations, by country

 * BTV, the former callsign of VTV a TV station in Ballarat in Victoria, which is a state of Australia
 * BTV, the former callsign of Betevé a local television channel in Barcelona.
 * Beijing Television, a series of channels in China
 * Bloomsbury Television, the student television channel of University College London, England
 * BTV (Indonesia), a television network in Indonesia
 * BTV (Lithuanian TV channel), a television station in Lithuania
 * Bolivia TV, a television channel in Bolivia
 * BTV, a television station in Mongolia
 * BTV, known as Birgunj Television Channel, Nepal
 * Bergens Tidende TV, a local television station in Norway
 * Basketball TV, a Philippine all-basketball channel
 * Benfica TV, the television channel of sports club S.L. Benfica in Portugal

Other uses

 * Basic Transportation Vehicle, or Basic Utility Vehicle (BUV), a low-cost vehicle intended for developing countries
 * Bluetongue virus, that causes the Bluetongue disease
 * BlogTV, a now defunct live broadcasting website
 * Brake to Vacate, an aircraft landing device introduced by Airbus
 * BTV Cup, Binh Duong Television Cup, an international friendly football cup held in Vietnam
 * Burlington International Airport in Vermont, United States (IATA code)

title: BTV


text:
Daniel Kim

Daniel Kim may refer to:

 * Daniel Dae Kim (born 1968), American actor
 * Daniel J. Kim, founder of American frozen yoghurt chain Red Mango
 * Daniel K. Kim, founder of Lit Motors

title: Daniel Kim


text:
Paul Axelrod

Paul Douglas Axelrod (born 11 December 1949) is a Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Education at York University, of which he was dean from 2001 to 2008. He has written widely on the history and political economy of schooling and higher education.

Early life and education
Born in London, Ontario, he received a B.A. in history and political science from York University in 1972, an M.A. in History from the University of Toronto in 1973, and a doctorate in history from York in 1980.

Career
Before arriving at York in 1982, he taught at Queen's University. At York, he became an associate professor in 1987, and then a full professor in 1994. Axelrod was Chair of the Division of Social Science from 1989 to 1993, and then the Dean of the Faculty of Education from 2001 to 2008. He retired in 2015.

Awards
He has received numerous honours, including the "Distinguished Contribution Award" from the Canadian History of Education Association (2016), the "David C. Smith Award" from the Council of Ontario Universities (2007), the Distinguished Research Award from the Canadian Society for the Study of Higher Education (1992), the Certificate of Merit from the Canadian Association of Foundations of Education (1999), and the Founders Prize from the Canadian History of Education Association (1990, 1996).

Books

 * Axelrod, P., Desai Trilokekar, R.D., Shanahan, T., Wellen, R. (Eds.). (2013). Making policy in turbulent times: challenges and prospects for higher education. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
 * Axelrod, P. (Ed.). (2004). Knowledge matters: essays in honour of Bernard J. Shapiro. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
 * Axelrod, P. D. (2002). Values in conflict: the university, the marketplace and the trials of liberal education. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
 * Anisef, P., Axelrod, P., Baichman-Anisef, E., James, C., & Turrittin, A. H. (2000). Opportunity and uncertainty: life course experiences of the class of '73. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
 * Axelrod, P. (1997, 1999, 2003). The promise of schooling: education in Canada, 1800-1914. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
 * Axelrod, P., Anisef, P. (Eds.). 1993. Transitions: schooling and employment in Canada. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishers.
 * Axelrod, P. (1990). Making a middle class: student life in English Canada during the thirties. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
 * Axelrod, P., Reid, J. (Eds.). (1989). Youth, university, and Canadian society: essays in the social history of higher education. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
 * Axelrod, P. (1982, 1986). Scholars and Dollars: Politics, Economics and the Universities of Ontario, 1945-1980. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

title: Paul Axelrod


text:
Talk:Shazam (wizard)

Untitled 2005 comment
Note to all editors: If you are referencing the comic book(s) or TV series in your article and your link points here, edit your page to make sure you link to Shazam! (with the exclaimation point), not Shazam. Shazam! properly redirects to Captain Marvel (DC Comics). --b. Touch 20:54, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Urm, never mind. There will be a disambiguation page available. --FuriousFreddy 02:44, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

"The 1990s comic series The Power of Shazam!, written by Jerry Ordway, further explored Shazam's origins, giving him a backstory in which he was a young sheepherder who becomes Vlarem, one of the world's first super heroes in ancient Canaan over 5,000 years ago."

Note that this origin was established in World's Finest Comics in the 1970's by E. Nelson Bridwell, not in the 1990's.

 * I had no idea. Please fix. --FuriousFreddy 01:20, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Anybody know if Shazam is/was considered to be a Lord of Order? CovenantD 14:47, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Day of Vengeance says yes. Also, E. Nelson Bridwell may have created Shazam's backstory as the Champion, but as currently phrased, the article appears to be saying that he's also responsible for the wizard's connection to Blaze and Satannus, who didn't even exist in the 1970s. Would it be appropriate to add "Jerry Ordway added to this story" or something similar at the beginning of that paragraph? Daibhid C (talk) 22:15, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

Please don't move
Please don't move this page. Until the Trials of Shazam are over, we have no way of knowing what name anyone will be using, who will be Shazam, and who will be Captain Marval. Nothing is confirmed, it's all spec, so let's leave it be until we have confirmation in a comic. Advance copies of comics and even news articles are not considered reliable sources! They've pulled our legs too many times. Please come and discuss this here before you make any more changes. -- Ipstenu ( talk | contribs ) 04:02, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

Hey, there is a old cartoon where a Genie is sumoned by to kids when they use 2 rings and the word shazam. I don't remember much... should it be mentioned??

 * That's Shazzan, not Shazam!. --209.16.115.50 18:10, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Comics B-Class Assesment required
This article needs the B-Class checklist filled in to remain a B-Class article for the Comics WikiProject. If the checklist is not filled in by 7th August this article will be re-assessed as C-Class. The checklist should be filled out referencing the guidance given at Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment/B-Class criteria. For further details please contact the Comics WikiProject. Comics-awb (talk) 17:26, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

C-Class rated for Comics Project
As this B-Class article has yet to receive a review, it has been rated as C-Class. If you disagree and would like to request an assesment, please visit WikiProject_Comics/Assessment and list the article. Hiding T 14:28, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

Vlarem
Shouldn't the Vlarem powers be given in the order of those letters? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 32.216.94.129 (talk) 02:43, 11 July 2014 (UTC)

The Wizard, not the Hero
I don't know how true this: "Shazam appears in the Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe video game voiced by Joe J. Thomas. After Captain Marvel fended off Raiden, the presence of Shazam appears and tells him that Dark Kahn is behind the world merge crisis and that Darkseid's essence has merged with evil magic from the other world. Shazam then tells Captain Marvel to help defeat Dark Kahn by gathering an "army of both dark and light" to fight him before the world merge is complete enough for the Kombat Rage to consume every living being on both worlds. In Superman's ending, Superman seeks the aid of Shazam to help him prepare for any protection against any future magical threats where they used ancient Kryptonian Lore to the creation of a new costume giving Superman an immunity to magic. In Captain Marvel's ending, Captain Marvel was guided by Shazam through a focusing ritual in order to regain control of his powers." is with context to Shazam the wizard, since I haven't played the game. However, I do know that this: "He also appeared in Injustice Gods Among US, a video game similar to mortal combat but with your favorite DC heroes and villains.", is untrue. The Wizard Shazam doesn't appear at all in the game, and this sentence is poorly written anyways. I am going to edit out the above sentence, someone can add it back if they so desire.

HDXylophone (talk) 01:49, 13 April 2015 (UTC)HDXylophone

 * The Wizard does appear in the game, apparently under Captain Marvel's storyline, but this much detail is unnecessary. --FuriousFreddy (talk) 22:20, 25 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Orphaned references in Shazam (wizard)
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Shazam (wizard)'s orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Hounsou": From Shazam! Fury of the Gods:  From Shazam! (film):

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 21:10, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

Name change: Wizard Shazam?
Given that DC Comics themselves has since taken to distinguish the Billy Batson version of Shazam by instead donning the title "Wizard Shazam" and it being reinforced just about every time since his New 52 onward appearances, maybe we should follow in lieu and title the article "Wizard Shazam". JayAaerow (talk) 00:42, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Even near the beginning Billy and the rest just called him "Wizard". Granted, that was because saying him name could be a (*cough*) "transformative" experience...
 * But, presumably because of this seeming standard, other heroes (and villains) would call him "Wizard" or "the Wizard".
 * So I wouldn't oppose renaming this page Wizard (Shazam) - jc37 01:03, 13 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Can we leave the whole discussion about what the "Shazam" does word elsewhere and focus on the subject at hand? I'm proposing this change to keep up with DC Comics. DC uses "Wizard Shazam" officially on their website. That's what got me thinking about it. Agree? Disagree? Leave that tired argument out. I disagree on the "Wizard (Shazam)" given the "Shazam" name for a long time was the Wizard's adopted name, whichever version you look at it, and "Wizard" was a title or a placeholder so they didn't transform until current continuity when for a while enforced it has to be said with intent. JayAaerow (talk)

 * On second thought, I'm a bit more neutral to it. JayAaerow (talk)

title: Talk:Shazam (wizard)


text:
Kentro

Kentro (Κέντρο) may refer to several places in Greece:

 * Kentro, Grevena, a village in the municipal unit Ventzio, Grevena regional unit
 * Kentro, Elis, a village in the municipal unit Amaliada, Elis
 * Kentro, Messenia, a village in the municipal unit Avia, Messenia

See also: Kentron (disambiguation)

title: Kentro


text: User:Uncle Sam~enwiki

title: User:Uncle Sam~enwiki


text:
Temple (Latter Day Saints)

In the Latter Day Saint movement, a temple is a building dedicated to being a house of God and is reserved for special forms of worship. A temple differs from a church meetinghouse, which is used for weekly worship services. Temples have been a significant part of the Latter Day Saint movement since early in its inception. Today, temples are operated by several Latter Day Saint denominations. The most prolific builder of temples of the Latter Day Saint movement is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Several others within the movement have built or attempted to build temples. The Community of Christ operates one temple in the United States, which is open to the public and used for worship services, performances, and religious education. Other denominations with temples are the Apostolic United Brethren, the Church of Christ, the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, and the Righteous Branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

History
The Latter Day Saint movement was conceived as a restoration of practices believed to have been lost in a Great Apostasy from the true gospel of Jesus Christ. Temple worship played a prominent role in the Bible's Old Testament, and in the Book of Mormon.

On December 27, 1832, two years after the organization of the Church of Christ, the church's founder, Joseph Smith, reported receiving a revelation that called upon church members to restore the practice of temple worship. The Latter Day Saints in Kirtland, Ohio, were commanded to:
 * "Establish a house, even a house of prayer, a house of fasting, a house of faith, a house of learning, a house of glory, a house of order, a house of God."

Latter Day Saints see temples as the fulfillment of a prophecy found in (KJV): "Behold, I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me; and the Lord, whom ye seek, shall suddenly come to his temple, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye delight in:  behold, he shall come, saith the Lord of hosts." It is believed to emphasize that when the Jesus comes again, he will come "to his temple."

As plans were drawn up to construct a temple in Kirtland, the decision was made to simultaneously begin work on a second temple at the church's colony in Jackson County, Missouri. Surviving plans indicate that both temples would have the same dimensions and approximately the same appearance and both were to be at the "centerplaces" of cities designed according to Smith's plan for the City of Zion.

Conflict in Missouri led to the expulsion of the Mormons from Jackson County, preventing any possibility of building a temple there, but work on the temple in Kirtland continued. At great cost and sacrifice, the Latter Day Saints finished the Kirtland Temple in early 1836. On March 27, they held a lengthy dedication ceremony and numerous spiritual experiences and visitations were reported.

Conflict relating to the failure of the church's Kirtland Safety Society bank, caused the church presidency to leave Kirtland and move the church's headquarters to the Mormon settlement of Far West, Missouri. Far West was also platted along the lines of the City of Zion plan and in 1838 the church began construction of a new, larger temple in the center of the town. They may also have dedicated a temple site in the neighboring Mormon settlement of Adam-ondi-Ahman. The events of the 1838 Mormon War and the expulsion of the Mormons from Missouri left these attempts at temple-building no further progressed than excavating foundations.

In 1839, the Mormons regrouped at a new headquarters in Nauvoo, Illinois. They were again commanded to build a "House of the Lord"—this one even larger and greater than those that went before. Plans for the temple in Nauvoo followed the earlier models in Kirtland and Independence with lower and upper courts, but the scale was much increased.

New conflicts arose that led to Smith being killed, along with his brother Hyrum, at Carthage Jail on June 27, 1844. The Nauvoo Temple stood only half finished. Eventually, this temple was finished and dedicated. Some temple ordinances were performed before most of the Latter Day Saints followed Brigham Young west across the Mississippi River.

Smith's death resulted in a succession crisis which divided the movement into different sects. The concept of temple worship evolved separately in many of these sects and until the 1990s only the sects claiming a succession through Brigham Young continued to build new temples. In April 1990, the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church) began to construct the Independence Temple, which was dedicated in 1994. The RLDS Church—now called the Community of Christ—owned the Kirtland Temple from 1901 to 2024, which it used for worship services and special events but also open to visitors, including various Latter Day Saint denominations interested in the building's historical significance.

Purposes
Temples have held numerous purposes in the Latter Day Saint movement, both historically and their differing expressions today. These purposes include:

 * A House of the Lord  — Smith reported a revelation in 1836 explaining that the recently dedicated Kirtland Temple was built "that the Son of Man might have a place to manifest himself to his people." (Doctrine and Covenants LDS 109:5). All Latter Day Saint denominations with temples still consider them to be special houses of the Lord.
 * A House of Learning — The Kirtland Temple housed the "School of the Prophets."
 * Center of the City of Zion — Latter Day Saints often view temples as central to the establishment of Zionic communities. Examples include those in Kirtland, the original (unfinished) Independence Temple, the unfinished temples in Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman, the original Nauvoo Temple, along with the Salt Lake, St. George Utah, Mesa Arizona, Laie Hawaii temples, and others.
 * Headquarters of the church — the Kirtland Temple served as the headquarters of the early church from its completion in 1836 through the end of 1837.
 * Sacred spaces for special ordinances — Beginning in Nauvoo, temples were spaces in which to perform special ordinances such as the endowment and baptism for the dead — see Ordinance (Mormonism).

LDS Church

The LDS Church has been the most prolific builder of temples in the Latter Day Saint movement. In the LDS Church, temples are not only a House of the Lord, but are also where members of the church make covenants and perform sacred ordinances, such as baptism for the dead, washing and anointing (or "initiatory" ordinances), the endowment, and eternal marriage sealings. Ordinances are a vital part of the theology of the church, which teaches that they were practiced by God's covenant people in all dispensations. Additionally, members consider the temple a place to commune with God, seek God's aid, understand the will of God, and receive personal revelation.

Upon completion (or after the completion of significant renovations), temples are open to the public for a period of time (an "open house"). During the open house, the church conducts tours of the temple with missionaries and members from the local area serving as tour guides, and all rooms of the temple are open to the public. The temple is then dedicated as a "House of the Lord", after which only members in good standing are permitted entrance. Thus, in the LDS Church, temples are not churches or meetinghouses but rather places of more consecrated worship.

History
In 1832, shortly after the formation of the church, Smith said that the Lord desired the Latter Day Saints build a temple; and they completed the Kirtland Temple in 1836. Differing from other churches in the Latter Day Saint tradition, members feel that the first endowment ceremonies were performed in Kirtland, Ohio, although the endowment performed in Kirtland differed significantly from the endowment performed by Smith in Nauvoo. The construction of the Nauvoo Temple and the teaching of the full endowment by Smith are seen as the final steps in restoring the church founded by Jesus Christ following the Great Apostasy. Because it is an integral part of their worship, Mormon pioneers, upon arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, began plans to build temples there, and built the Endowment House to allow members to receive the endowment until the temples were completed.

Construction
Initially, the church constructed temples in areas where there were large concentrations of members: Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Hawaii, and Alberta. In the mid-20th century, because of the importance of temples in the theology, the church tried to balance density with the travel requirements that attending the temple imposed upon members. Thus, temples were built in Europe (Switzerland–1955 and England–1958); the Pacific Islands (New Zealand–1958); and Washington, D.C. (1974) when membership alone might not have justified the effort.

Temple growth continued in the 1980s, church president Spencer W. Kimball (1895–1985) directed the church to build smaller temples with similar designs. Before this time, all but the Swiss Temple were at least 45000 sqft, and the average size of the first 20 temples was 103000 sqft. The new temples varied in size but were generally less than 25000 sqft allowing temples to be built where there were fewer members. As a result, the first temples in South America (Brazil–1978); Asia (Japan–1980); and Latin America (Mexico City–1983) were built and the number of temples doubled from 15 to 36. Church president Gordon B. Hinckley (1910–2008) also accelerated the construction of temples through the use of an even smaller standardized base design and set a goal to have 100 operating temples before 2001. Between the brief building period from 1998 to 2001, 38 of these standardized temples were constructed and dedicated, meeting Hinckley's goal and, during his service as president, the number of temples more than doubled from 47 to 124.

Church of Jesus Christ (Cutlerite)
The Church of Jesus Christ (Cutlerite) performs temple ordinances in its Independence, Missouri, meetinghouse, their only building still in active use, though the church also believes in the principle of constructing special temples such as the ones in Kirtland and Nauvoo. Cutlerites do not designate their meetinghouse as a temple per se, but they believe that it serves precisely the same purpose and that the ordinances performed there are equally as valid as ones done in any pre-1844 temple. These sacred services of the Cutlerites are not open to the public, and participants are forbidden to discuss them outside the room in which they are performed.

Cutlerite meetinghouses are constructed with a main-floor chapel that is always open to the public unless baptisms for the dead are being performed; a second-floor room, which is closed to the public at all times, is reserved for the ordinances of the endowment. Cutlerites do not use the term "endowment" to refer to these rituals; they generally refer to them as "the priesthood ordinances". A rectangular-shaped baptismal font is accessed through a trap door beneath the floor of the main-floor chapel, which is used for baptisms of both the living and the dead. Eternal marriages are not performed by the Cutlerites, as they have always rejected that particular doctrine.

Community of Christ
Community of Christ (formerly the RLDS Church) currently maintains one temple. Unlike those of the LDS Church, the temple is open to the public. Many religious functions take place including communion and a daily prayer for peace.

During its 1994 World Conference, Community of Christ dedicated the Independence Temple located in Independence, Missouri. The Community of Christ describes this temple as a house of worship and education "dedicated to the pursuit of peace". The church holds a Daily Prayer for Peace at 1:00 p.m. Central Time in the temple's 1,600 seat sanctuary.

From around 1901 to 2024, the temple built in Kirtland, Ohio, was owned and maintained by Community of Christ. This was the first temple built by the Latter Day Saint movement and the only temple completed in the lifetime of Joseph Smith. The LDS Church and Community of Christ announced on March 5, 2024 that ownership of the site had transferred to the former as part of a $192.5 million acquisition of historic sites and objects.

Other denominations with temples
Four additional Latter Day Saint denominations have built temples:

 * The Church of Christ (Wightite) built a temple near Zodiac, Texas, about three miles from Fredericksburg, at a colony founded by Lyman Wight. The only remaining material infrastructure of the colony is the Mormon Mill cemetery near Hamilton Creek, about fifty miles east by north of Fredericksburg.
 * The Righteous Branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a denomination founded in 1978, built a pyramid-shaped temple near Modena, Utah. This was the first time any of the polygamous Mormon fundamentalists sects built a temple of their own.
 * The Apostolic United Brethren built a temple in Ozumba, Mexico, in the 1990s, and has had an endowment house in Utah since sometime in the 1980s.
 * The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS) built a temple at their settlement near Eldorado, Texas, in 2004. The architectural footprint of the FLDS temple roughly matches that of the original Nauvoo Temple.

Unsuccessful attempts at building temples
During the life of Joseph Smith, a few years before the Kirtland temple was built, Smith dedicated a location in Independence, Missouri, for the building of a special temple, which was to be the center of a New Jerusalem. However, hostile action by non-Mormon citizens resulted in the expulsion of all Latter Day Saints from the area in 1833, and the planned temple did not proceed beyond the laying of cornerstones. As of 2011, the lot for this temple is owned and maintained by the Church of Christ (Temple Lot). The Temple Lot church endeavored to construct a temple beginning in 1929, as a result of a revelation that apostle Otto Fetting was said to have received from John the Baptist. A hole for the proposed temple basement was excavated, and architects' drawings were done, but no further work was completed due to a chronic lack of funding and the expulsion of Fetting and his followers (about one-third of the Temple Lot organization at the time) from the Temple Lot church. In 1946, the City of Independence had the hole filled in, and the lot today is mostly covered with grass, with the Church of Christ's meetinghouse and a few trees at the northeast corner. Today, the Temple Lot church has no plans to build a temple but sees itself as the steward of the lot until the various Latter Day Saint factions unite around the time of Jesus Christ's Second Coming.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) endeavored to construct a temple in the mid-1840s in Voree, Wisconsin, according to a rather elaborate plan devised by their prophet James J. Strang. Poverty and factional infighting among the Strangites prevented the temple from progressing beyond the planning stage. The church has made no attempt to build temples since Strang's death.

Performing ordinances in other buildings
From 1855 to 1889, the LDS Church performed ordinances in the Endowment House to allow members to receive the endowment during construction of temples in Utah. Before the Endowment House was built, the Council House was similarly used, between 1850 and 1855.

Historically, there were other locations where ordinances for the living were performed, both indoors and out, as recorded in pioneer journals. One of these is a building known as the Endowment House in Spring City, Utah, built by Orson Hyde. The building is still standing at 85 West 300 South.

The Endowment House in Salt Lake City was razed in 1889 after church president Wilford Woodruff learned that plural marriages were being performed there without the authorization of the First Presidency.

title: Temple (Latter Day Saints)


text: User talk:66.225.69.99

title: User talk:66.225.69.99


text:
Jim Holt (Arkansas politician)

Jim L. Holt (born January 17, 1965) is an American Baptist minister and a conservative Republican politician from Springdale in northwestern Arkansas.

Background
Holt was born in Camden in Ouachita County, southern Arkansas. He joined the military in 1987 and served in the U.S. Army Joint Intelligence Operations at the National Security Agency. His website notes he "was involved in highly classified operations during the Cold War, the ousting of Manuel Noriega from Panama, and Operation Desert Storm". He is a "small business owner/operator and a part-time counselor". In 1996, Holt became an ordained Southern Baptist minister. He is married to his wife, the former Bobye Barenberg, originally of Rogers, Arkansas, they have eleven children.

Jim Holt, once a close friend of Jim Bob Duggar and a key character in the documentary “Shiny Happy People: Duggar Family Secrets,” had an order of protection granted against him by his wife, Bobye Holt, on April 21, 2023. More court records indicate Samuel Holt, one of the couple’s sons, was also granted an order of protection against Jim Holt on May 8, 2023.

Political career
Holt was first elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives in the 2000 general election. He served in the House from 2001 to 2003, during which time, he sponsored a bill designed to prohibit the teaching of the theory of evolution in Arkansas public schools (see Evolution below). Holt was elected to the Arkansas Senate in the 2002 general election and served there until December 31, 2006.

In 2004, Holt was the Republican nominee for the U. S. Senate. He was defeated by the Democrat Blanche Lincoln, 56%-44%.

In 2006, Holt was the Republican nominee for lieutenant governor and was defeated by Democrat Bill Halter, 57%-43%.

In 2010, Holt was a candidate in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate and was defeated by Republican John Boozman, 53%-17%, with the remaining percent divided among six other GOP candidates. Boozman in turn unseated Lincoln, against whom Holt had run six years earlier.

Evolution
Holt co-sponsored Arkansas House Bill 2548 in 2001, which would have required public schools to identify evolution as an unproven theory and would have prohibited the use of public funds for the promotion of evolution-related information as fact. The bill was sponsored by several other House members, including Representative Jack Critcher, who later became the Democratic President Pro Tempore of the Arkansas Senate. The measure fell six votes short of passage. Holt was criticized in July 2006 by Don Michael, an opinion writer for the Fayetteville Northwest Arkansas Times, for having invited in April 2001 the creationist Kent Hovind to speak on behalf of the bill before a House committee.

Abortion
Holt has also attempted to halt or restrict abortion. He has called for the overturning of Roe v. Wade as an example of "judicial tyranny plaguing our nation today. The laws in all fifty states were overturned, and the consent of the governed as the basis for all just governmental power was thrown out. I will not confirm a federal judicial nominee who I believe will vote to uphold Roe vs. Wade."

Healthcare
Holt opposes the healthcare reform measures implemented by the U.S. Congress in March 2010, stating "We don’t need health care 'reform', but remove government from the health sector and let the market decide.

The number of Arkansas residents on Medicare went from 457,808 to 917,474 (from 2013 to 2021). This doubled the number of recipients of government subsidized healthcare.

Opposition to Mike Huckabee
As a legislator, Holt tangled publicly with former Governor Mike Huckabee over immigration. In 2007, Holt opposed Huckabee's unsuccessful effort to make children of illegal immigrants eligible for state-funded scholarships and in-state tuition to Arkansas colleges, a position also adopted in Texas under Republican Governor Rick Perry. Holt defended his position by asking Huckabee if he would allow the same privileges to families of military personnel deployed overseas. Huckabee did not respond.

On January 18, 2008, the Northwest Arkansas Times ran an opinion piece by Holt blasting Huckabee and his supporters. Holt accused Huckabee's followers of not researching what Huckabee's positions are, and supporting him merely because he is a Christian.

title: Jim Holt (Arkansas politician)


text:
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Talk:Sackville—Preston—Chezzetcook

Untitled
Their average income is very low.

Average Income
Where are these statistics from? I'm pretty sure that the average income is lower than $28 000. Also, Lake Charlotte is actually part of Central Nova after the recent redistributions, I believe. Correct me if I'm wrong. -rachelisnothere
 * Statistics are from StatsCan, and the article does not state where Lake Charlotte is, but where the ridings is (between Lake Charlotte and Halifax Harbour) which indicates Lake Charlotte is not necessarily in this riding. -- [[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] Earl Andrew - talk 08:48, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Lake Charlotte is a place as well as a body of water though. In either case, the body of water and the place are both entirely inside Central Nova. -rachelisnothere

Requested move 3 August 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved by Earl Andrew. I've now moved the talk page to sync with it. Jenks24 (talk) 14:01, 18 August 2015 (UTC)

Sackville—Eastern Shore → Sackville—Preston—Chezzetcook – Election writ has been dropped, this riding will now be fought under this new name FUNgus guy (talk) 07:26, 3 August 2015 (UTC) --Relisted. George Ho (talk) 23:49, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Sackville—Preston—Chezzetcook


text:
Imode

Imode may refer to:
 * i-mode, a mobile internet service used in Japan
 * Imode, Nigeria, a village in Nigeria

title: Imode


text:
Talk:Turtle Lake, Wisconsin

Someone should write in some information other than simply demographics and statistics. I know we dont have much, maybe write on the history and current attractions?

-Derrick Becker

title: Talk:Turtle Lake, Wisconsin


text:
Dance etiquette

Dance etiquette is the set of conventional rules which govern the social behavior of social dance by its participants. Such rules include the way in which the participants should look and the way in which they approach, dance with and leave their partner. Etiquette can vary in its specification and stringency between different styles of dance.

title: Dance etiquette