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Jim Fassel

James Edward Fassel (August 31, 1949 – June 7, 2021) was an American college and professional football player and coach. He was the head coach of the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL) from 1997 to 2003. He was offensive coordinator of other NFL teams, and as head coach, general manager, and president of the Las Vegas Locomotives of the United Football League (UFL).

Playing career
Born and raised in Anaheim, Fassel graduated from Anaheim High School where as a senior quarterback, he helped to lead his team to a 12–1 record and a runner-up finish in the CIF Southern Section 4-A Division. During his senior season, he was a teammate of future Pittsburgh Steelers offensive guard Gerry Mullins. In college, Fassel played quarterback at Fullerton College, USC, and Long Beach State. He was drafted as a quarterback in the 7th round by Chicago in the 1972 NFL draft and had a short playing career with the Bears, San Diego Chargers, and Houston Oilers in 1972.

Fassel played briefly with The Hawaiians of the WFL in 1974, and became an assistant coach during the 1974 WFL season. He left the WFL after the '74 season, but briefly returned when the Hawaiians needed a quarterback late in the 1975 season. He played in the final game of the WFL for the Hawaiians, throwing the last pass in the league's history as the WFL folded three days later on October 22, 1975.

Coaching career
Fassel's first professional coaching job was with The Hawaiians of the World Football League (WFL) in 1974, where he played quarterback before moving to the sidelines as an offensive assistant coach. He then began his college coaching career with stints at the University of Utah, Weber State and Stanford University, where he worked with John Elway. After five months as the offensive coordinator and quarterback coach for the New Orleans Breakers of the United States Football League (USFL), He was named head football coach at the University of Utah on November 30, 1984.

Before becoming New York Giants head coach, Fassel served as an assistant coach with the Arizona Cardinals, Denver Broncos, New York Giants, and Oakland Raiders.

Head coach of New York Giants
Fassel originally coached with the Giants as an assistant in 1991 and 1992. Three weeks after the Giants won Super Bowl XXV, he was hired by Bill Parcells as their quarterback coach. In 1992, he was promoted to offensive coordinator.

The departure of Dan Reeves as coach after the 1996 season led to close consideration between bringing back Parcells or promoting Fassel. Young hired Fassel, narrowly avoiding a call to bring back Parcells. Fassel was hired as the head coach of the New York Giants, starting with the 1997 season, and remained in that position for seven years. He finished his Giants - and NFL - head coaching career with a won-loss record of 58–53–1.

During Fassel's tenure as head coach of the Giants, his teams were known for numerous strong runs in December and for winning big games, such as handing the Denver Broncos their first loss of the 1998 season after a 13–0 start.

In his first year, 1997, Fassel turned around a team which had finished a cumulative 11–21 the prior two seasons, finishing 10–5–1 and being named NFL coach of the year. While with the team, he resurrected the career of quarterback Kerry Collins. In his fourth year as head coach, the 2000 season, he received acclaim for his "playoff guarantee" during which he led the Giants to an improbable NFC Championship. With the team having lost consecutive games and falling to 7–4, Fassel made a public guarantee that they would make the playoffs. The team then won their next five games to finish off the regular season, and cruised through the playoffs, defeating the heavily favored Minnesota Vikings by a blowout score of 41–0 in the NFC Championship game, before losing to the Ray Lewis-led Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XXXV.

Fassel's legacy as head coach for the Giants is mixed, as his Giants teams were also known for their disappointments against inferior teams in the regular season, as well as in the playoffs. The most notable loss was a 39–38 loss to the San Francisco 49ers in the 2002 postseason, in which they lost a 38–14 third quarter lead. Fassel's last season with the team was the 2003 season, a year in which injuries decimated the Giants. With two games left in the season and knowing that the team was nearly certain to let him go at its conclusion, Fassel announced his resignation as head coach, effective at season's end. The team finished that year with a 4–12 record.

While coaching for the Giants, Fassel lived in Ho-Ho-Kus, New Jersey.

"The Playoff Guarantee"
In 2000, the NY Giants started off well but fell to 7–4. Under heavy criticism from the New York media and Giants' upper management, Fassel ad hoc'ed a famous speech that predicted a playoff berth that proved to be the impetus for a run at Super Bowl XXXV:

"This is a poker game, and I'm shoving my chips to the middle of the table, I'm raising the ante, and anybody who wants to get in, get in. Anybody who wants out can get out. This team is going to the playoffs, OK? This team is going to the playoffs."

Involvement in 9-11 recovery
Fassel and the Giants, on the way home from a regular season loss on the road, only learned of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon after they landed. With the NFL games suspended, Fassel was called by Mayor Rudy Giuliani to help morale at the Trade Center site. Fassel agreed and insisted that the team use its goodwill to help the recovery effort and provide assistance to the FDNY, NYPD and the City of New York. Under pressure from recovery crews to win the next game in Kansas City, the Giants went on to win an emotional game in front of the Chiefs' respectful fans on the road at Arrowhead Stadium.

Baltimore Ravens
Fassel joined the Ravens as an offensive consultant in 2004 to help with development of Kyle Boller. He became the Ravens offensive coordinator in 2005. Critics of Fassel pointed to his lack of success as offensive coordinator after two seasons with the Ravens, in 2005 and part of 2006. During that time, the Ravens ranked near the bottom of the league in offense.

On October 17, 2006, Fassel was fired by the Ravens.

Las Vegas Locomotives
In January 2009, Fassel was named coach of the Las Vegas entrant into the United Football League. The Locos finished the regular season 4–2 and defeated the 6–0 Florida Tuskers in the first UFL Championship Game.

Fassel returned to the Locos in 2010 and helped lead the team to repeat as champions, again defeating the Tuskers in the 2010 UFL Championship Game. The Locos tried to three-peat in 2011, but this time fell to the Tuskers (who had since been relocated and renamed the Virginia Destroyers) in the 2011 UFL Championship Game. Fassel was the only current UFL head coach who was active in the league since its inauguration and was the Locos' head coach when the league suspended play in 2012.

Broadcasting career
Fassel entered broadcasting following his firing as offensive coordinator for the Ravens, joining Westwood One radio as a color commentator for its Sunday NFL action. He stayed with the network for two seasons, calling Sunday afternoon games with Harry Kalas in 2007 and Sunday Night Football with Dave Sims. Fassel was also part of Westwood One's playoff coverage those two years, calling various games, and worked the 2007 and 2008 NFC Championship Games with Bill Rosinski (2007) and Marv Albert (2008).

Personal life
Fassel met his wife Kitty when they were 17 year old college freshmen in 1967. Fassel was at Fullerton Community College, while Kitty was a student at Cal-State Fullerton. Two years later, in April 1969, Kitty gave birth to a son, the product of an unplanned pregnancy. The young parents were both 19 years old and unmarried. They considered marrying due to the pregnancy, but did not want to make a decision under pressure. They had never considered abortion during the pregnancy. Instead, when the child was three days old, they gave him up for adoption, and subsequently lost touch with him.

Two years later, in 1971, Jim and Kitty married.

In 2003, after years of searching, the Fassels found the child whom they had placed for adoption. They had a family reunion, which included the Fassels and their other four adult children, together with their now 34-year-old adopted son, John Mathieson, who brought along his own wife and their four young daughters.

Three years later, in 2006, Jim and Kitty Fassel divorced after years of counseling. They later reconciled and remarried. Besides the son they had as teens, the Fassels had four more children after marrying, three sons and a daughter. One son is football coach John Fassel.

Fassel was good friends with fellow coach Mike Holmgren, dating to their days as USC quarterbacks.

Death
Jim Fassel died of a heart attack on June 7, 2021, in Las Vegas, Nevada. He was 71 years old.

title: Jim Fassel


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USS Thorn (DD-988)

USS Thorn (DD-988), a Spruance-class destroyer, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Lieutenant Jonathan Thorn (1779–1811), who took part in Decatur's expedition to destroy the captured frigate Philadelphia in 1804.

Construction and career
Thorn was laid down on 29 August 1977 by Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Miss.; launched on 22 November 1978 (Thorn was christened on 3 February 1979 by Mrs. Patricia Ansley); and commissioned on 16 February 1980.

Thorn was decommissioned and stricken from the Navy list on 25 August 2004.

Thorn was sunk as a test/target at 08:50 on 22 July 2006 off the United States East Coast.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: USS Thorn (DD-988)


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Amblimation

Amblimation was the British animation production subsidiary of Amblin Entertainment. It was formed by Steven Spielberg in May 1989, following the success of Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), and after he parted ways with Don Bluth due to creative differences. It only produced three feature films: An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991), We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (1993), and Balto (1995), all three of which feature music composed by James Horner and were distributed by Universal Pictures. The company's mascot, Fievel Mousekewitz, appears in its production logo. It was based in what was originally the D. Napier & Son factory in Acton, London, and had 250 crew members from 15 different nations.

The studio closed in 1997 after only eight years of operation. All 250 of Amblimation's crew members went on to join DreamWorks Animation, which was later acquired in 2016 by Universal's parent company NBCUniversal for $3.8 billion.

title: Amblimation


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Smash Mouth (album)

Smash Mouth is the third studio album by American rock band of the same name. It was released on November 27, 2001 by Interscope Records. It is notable in that it was their first album with new drummer Michael Urbano and its release was delayed a few months due to the death of Steve Harwell's infant son and the September 11 attacks. The album was eventually certified Gold by the RIAA for sales in excess of 500,000 in the U.S.

Smash Mouth held a contest on their website in the fall of 2000 to name their third album. The result was a two-way tie with the winning suggestion being to self-title the album. It was released in the fall of 2001 along with the single "Pacific Coast Party".

Critical reception
Smash Mouth received generally favorable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 67, based on 7 reviews.

Entertainment Weekly writer Tom Sinclair praised the album for Steve Harwell's "real Zen wisdom" vocals and the band's "sunny, goofball approach" to creating "hooks, humor, and high jinks" throughout the track listing. J. D. Considine of Blender wrote that "even though there's nothing new, the album offers enough in the way of big-beat guitar and sing-along choruses to keep Smash Mouth on the charts (and MTV) for another two years." AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine also found "no new tricks" on the record but felt it was done "sharply, melodically, and happily", especially on the album cuts, concluding that: "If you've grooved on Smash Mouth's singles and want more of the same, this delivers reliably, which may be an unadorned pleasure for some and a guilty one for others."

Sean Richardson of the Boston Phoenix wrote that: "Underneath all the bells and whistles, Harwell shows more lyrical depth than your average family-themed rocker — Smash Mouth aren't meant to be taken too seriously, but they're not easily written off, either." A writer for E! Online critiqued that the record's "Xeroxed batch of overproduced, hyperactive pop songs" was prepared for backyard parties and mass media consumption, but highlighted "Out of Sight" and "Sister Psychic" for hinting that there's "some substance" admist the "light-as-air pop flightiness". The A.V. Club's Stephen Thompson felt the album lacked the "overdriven polish" of Astro Lounge and noted that the addition of the Monkees' cover smacked of "chart-hungry desperation", but commended the band for being able to "offset[ting] its bald-faced mercenary intentions with a refreshing lack of pretension." David Peisner of Maxim was dumbfounded by the band's ability to make their songs sound "more disposable than the one before it", criticizing the "bouncy melodies and cheery demeanor" for overshadowing the "inconsequential" lyrics.

Smash Mouth

 * Steve Harwell – lead vocals
 * Paul De Lisle – bass guitar, backing vocals
 * Greg Camp – guitars, backing vocals
 * Michael Urbano – drums, programming

Touring members
 * Michael Klooster – keyboard
 * Mark Cervantes – percussion

Additional personnel

 * Lewis Castle – trumpet
 * Mike Busbee – trombone
 * Rich Seinhauser – trombone
 * Eric Valentine – producer, engineer, mixer
 * David Campbell – string arrangements

title: Smash Mouth (album)


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User:Pr0sl4ck3r

Im a 16 year old student attending Da Vinci high school in Davis. My hobbies include basketball, Ultiment frisbee, xbox, and computers. This page is an assingment in my class but i find it to be very interesting. At first i had no idea in what it was but after reading about it i like the idea a lot. Everyone working together to give ideas about a problem is the best way to go. I'm looking forward to making my own page and getting your help and input on it.

title: User:Pr0sl4ck3r


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Sila, Abu Dhabi

As-Silaʿ (ٱلـسِّـلَـع) is a city in the Western Region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates. It is 350 km west of Abu Dhabi and 450 km west of Dubai, mainly consisting of Emirati town houses.

Description
The city has been undergoing construction over the past years. A new hospital, a school, a police station and shops have been built. The area of Sila stretches west to the border with Saudi Arabia and encompasses the border town of Ghuwaifat and measures 408 km2. The census of 2005 recorded a population of 7,900 in Sila. )

Archaeology
There are archaeological remains over 7,000 years old at Sila.

title: Sila, Abu Dhabi


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Sentinum

Sentinum was a Roman town now located about a kilometre south of the present-day town of Sassoferrato in the Marche region of Italy.

Two areas of the town, the forum/urban baths and the suburban baths, can be visited today protected as an archaeological park.

The local museum contains many finds from Sentinum.

History
The location of the original settlement of Sentinum is unknown but it was probably of Umbrian origin. From 390 BC the Senone Gauls ousted the Umbrians living in this region (between Ariminum and Ancona) and settled there. Sentinum was advantageously located at the confluence of ancient roads that came from Umbria to reach the Adriatic.

The town is best known for the great and decisive Battle of Sentinum which took place nearby during the 3rd Samnite War in 295 BC: the Romans lost 8,700 men but defeated a coalition of Samnites and Senones. In 283 BC after a series of victories, the Romans expelled the Senones from the region after which it became Gallia Togata.

During the civil wars of the 40s BC Sentinum sided with Mark Antony but in 41 BC was taken and destroyed by Quintus Salvidienus Rufus who was leading troops of Octavian. The town was soon rebuilt with a Hippodamian orthogonal plan and Augustan walls in opus vittatum over Roman concrete. It flourished under the Empire as a municipium.

The considerable wealth of the ancient city is evident from the archaeological record, amongst which is the large number of mosaics found in public and private buildings both inside and outside the walls.

Civic life at Sentinum seems to have collapsed at the time of the invasion of Alaric I and not to have recovered.

Archaeology

The archeological excavations in 1890 unearthed city gates, a road, cisterns, and the remains of houses. Notable cultural finds include several mosaic pavements and inscriptions from the second half of the 3rd century AD, including three important tabulae patronatus, records of legal appointments of official patrons.

More recent excavations in 2005-8 found a large circular fountain at the crossroads of the cardo maximus and the decumanus maximus. Among important finds were two marble heads, one from the Julio-Claudian era now in the archaeological museum and a very fine one of a young ephebe.

Of the many mosaics found, some are still in situ and visible such in those in the baths of the archaeological area of Santa Lucia, mostly with black and white tesserae, while others have been preserved in museums.

The most famous mosaic is that of Aion, the young man standing on the left who personifies the eternity of time placed in the circle of the Zodiac, and Terra, Mother Earth, sitting in the right corner with the four seasons. It was found in the insula del Pozzo (for the proximity to an ancient well) in 1806 and preserved in the Glyptothek, Munich. When Aion is associated with the Zodiac and the Seasons, "eternity" is understood as a cyclical, uninterrupted return of events and things: a concept that goes hand-in-hand with that of Saeculum Aureum (Golden Age) and dispenser of fertility and abundance. The idea of eternal return belongs to the "late stoicism", which lasted from the 1st to the 2nd century AD, but which experienced a particular flowering at the time of Antoninus Pius (138-161 AD) to which the mosaic can be dated. Of other depictions of Aion in the Roman Empire four are known:

 * the famous "cosmological mosaic" of Augusta Emerita, capital of Lusitania (today Merida in Spain) the figure of Aion is inserted in a vast and very complex composition
 * mosaic from Ammaedara in Proconsular Africa (now Haidra in Tunisia) we still see the god associated with the circle of the Zodiac and with the Seasons (albeit formulated in a different way);
 * in Thysdrus (today el-Djem) are a series of unfinished busts: Aion in the centre, around (within circular medallions) the Four Seasons and the personifications of the Sun and the Moon;
 * in Aphrodisias in Caria (today Geyre in Turkey) the god appears as an bearded old man, together with other divinities and personifications, in the relief dedicated to an illustrious citizen: Zoilos, friend of August. This senile figure means that here infinite Time is seen as extratemporal eternity, as infinity immovable and always equal to itself.

The other valuable polychrome mosaic with the central emblem of the god Ocean was found at the same time in an adjacent room but in poor condition and of which only a watercolour is preserved. In 1922 the large mosaic with marine monsters was removed and restored at the National Archaeological Museum of Ancona where it was damaged by bombing in 1943. The figures in black tesserae on a white background is made up of a rich series of fantastic beings all characterised by the rear part of the body ending in a fishtail with several coils, while the front part is the head of a newt or griffin or horse. The mosaic was studied and published by the then Superintendent G. Moretti who observed the stylistic inhomogeneity of the figures, some of which were notable such as the one with the forepart of a bull (unfortunately lost) and he attributed it both to several hands in the second half of the 2nd century AD, and to repairs at later times.

A complex of rooms with mosaic floors was also found in the insula del Pozzo in 1956, probably belonging to several structures, the most noteworthy of which is a polychrome one with geometric motifs laid out in a checkerboard pattern and edged with a fan motif, currently buried, but documented by a colour drawing from the time of discovery.

Public baths
The public baths (thermae) inside the walls are along the cardo B and date from the late Republican era and underwent several reconstructions to the beginning of the 3rd century AD. It had a large rectangular swimming pool surrounded by a peristyle. On the western side is a frigidarium with an apse decorated with polychrome marbles, and a tepidarium and along the southern and eastern sides a calidarium to catch the sun's heat.

The baths had a large figured mosaic, presently kept at the Museo Nazionale delle Marche. A 2nd-century coloured mosaic of Mithra-Sol is conserved in the Glyptothek, Munich; Mithraic bas-relief of animals representing the stages of the initiate's progress were reused in the Church of Santa Croce, and Mithraic inscriptions are recorded.

Outside the walls in the archaeological area near the church of S. Lucia along the main roman road to the south are other monumental baths probably built within an extension of the town due to population growth and shortage of urban space. Out of an area of 7000 m2, 3000 m2 were baths with a vestibulum (changing room), atrium, a large palaestra (exercise area) with peristyle, several apodyteria, frigidaria with pools, tepidaria and caldaria.

title: Sentinum


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Guy Rutledge

Sir John Guy Rutledge, KC (18 March 1872 – 15 February 1930 in Rangoon, Burma) was a British barrister, judge and colonial official in Lower Burma.

Early life and career in England
Born in Aughnahoo, County Tyrone, Rutledge was educated at Queens College Galway, where he served as auditor of the college's Literary and Debating Society for the 1893-1894 session. He was awarded the BA degree of the Royal University of Ireland in 1893, and took his MA in 1894. He remained at QCG to study law, gaining scholarships in law for 1894-1895 and 1895-1896, and a senior exhibition in law for 1896-1897. Rutledge continued his studies in London, and was called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1897. He devilled in the chambers of Mr Justice Horridge for 1897–8, after which he joined the Northern Circuit and practiced at Liverpool from 1898 to 1908.

Career in Burma
In 1908, he entered the Colonial Service, and was appointed Secretary of the Burma Legislative Council and Assistant Secretary to the Government of Burma. After more than a decade in Burma, Rudledge returned to the practice of law, and was appointed Government Advocate of Burma in 1919; he was called to the Inner Bar in 1921. In 1922, he was appointed a Judge of the High Court of Judicature at Rangoon. Following the resignation of Sir Sidney Maddock Robinson, Rutledge succeeded as Chief Justice of the High Court of Judicature at Rangoon on 4 December 1924.

Rutledge was a strong supporter of the government of Sir Harcourt Butler and its policies. His decision to concentrate superior jurisdiction in the Rangoon High Court was strongly opposed by Upper Burma who preferred the jurisdiction of the Chief Court of Mandalay. Rutledge was knighted in 1926, and took an active part in the Rangoon Community. He gave assistance and funding to the new University of Rangoon and subsequently became a fellow of the same institution; he was also chairman of the committee of the Rangoon Zoological Gardens. He travelled extensively throughout the world, and married Margaret Lumby in 1927.

Rutledge died of a paralytic stroke at his residence in Rangoon on 15 February 1930.

title: Guy Rutledge


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SM postcode area

The SM postcode area, also known as the Sutton postcode area, is a group of seven postcode districts in England, within five post towns. These cover part of south-west London, as well as a small part of north Surrey.

The main sorting office is in Sutton, with outgoing mail being sorted at Croydon Mail Centre. The area served includes most of the London Borough of Sutton, while most of SM4 covers the southwestern part of the London Borough of Merton. Most of SM7 and a small part of SM2 cover the northern part of the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey, while SM2 also covers the village of East Ewell in the borough of Epsom and Ewell.

Coverage
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:

! SM1 ! SM2 ! SM3 ! SM4 ! SM5 ! SM6 ! SM7
 * SUTTON
 * Sutton, Rosehill, Parts of The Wrythe and Carshalton, Benhilton and Erskine Village, the eastern part of Sutton Common
 * Sutton
 * SUTTON
 * Belmont, South Sutton, South Cheam, East Ewell
 * Epsom and Ewell, Reigate and Banstead, Sutton
 * SUTTON
 * The western part of Sutton Common, North Cheam, Stonecot Hill
 * Epsom and Ewell, Sutton
 * MORDEN
 * Morden, Morden Park, Lower Morden, St. Helier (West), Rosehill
 * Merton, Sutton
 * CARSHALTON
 * Carshalton, Carshalton Beeches, Carshalton on the Hill, The Wrythe, Rosehill, St. Helier (South), Little Woodcote
 * Sutton
 * WALLINGTON
 * Wallington, Beddington, Hackbridge, Roundshaw
 * Sutton
 * BANSTEAD
 * Banstead, Woodmansterne, Nork, Little Woodcote
 * Reigate and Banstead, Sutton
 * }

title: SM postcode area


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SM2

SM2 or SM-2 may refer to:

 * Spider-Man 2, the second Spider-Man film released in 2004
 * Superman II, the second Superman film released in 1980
 * Scary Movie 2, the second Scary Movie film released in 2001
 * Spiritual Machines 2, the Our Lady Peace album set for release in 2021
 * VR Class Sm2, a type of commuter train in Finland
 * SM2, the SM postcode area covering Belmont, South Sutton and East Ewell in England
 * Pindad SM2, an Indonesian general purpose machine gun
 * Standard Missile 2, either of two US missiles:
 * RIM-66 Standard (SM-1MR/SM-2MR), a medium-range surface-to-air missile, the successor of the RIM-24 Tartar missile
 * RIM-67 Standard (SM-1ER/SM-2ER non-VLS capable), an extended range surface-to-air missile, the successor of the RIM-2 Terrier missile
 * SM-2, Royal Navy Second Submarine Squadron (motto: "Second to None") Hunter-Killer boats based in HM Naval Base Devonport
 * Song Meter SM2, a bird monitoring recorder from Wildlife Acoustics
 * PZL SM-2, a Polish light utility helicopter also known as the WSK SM-2
 * SM-2 (algorithm), one of the computer algorithms used in SuperMemo
 * SM-2, a research nuclear reactor at RIAR
 * Super Mario Bros. 2, a 1988 Nintendo Entertainment System game
 * SM2, a Chinese signature and encryption algorithm, see SM9 (cryptography standard).
 * Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine 2

title: SM2


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Talk:West German student movement

Comments
Still, with the exception of ARD and ZDF, the state television networks as well as several local radio stations, there IS no "government-controlled mass media" in Germany. Axel Springer and other German publishing houses are privately-owned and are in no way related to any part of the government. Rather, they, especially Springer, are a force of their own in German politics, a fact that is not reflected in the article. Rather, it portrays these publishing houses as extensions of a purported (and largely non-existent) government propaganda machine which does not do justice to their important - and controversial - role in the events of 68. This image of government propaganda only adds to the bias in favour of the students in an already quite biased article. Something Wicked (talk)

Another Comment
The content of this article is excellent; whoever wrote it clearly has a deep understanding of the German student movement. However, there are issues of writing and style that need to be fixed -- I have essentially fixed the first section and I'm continuing on the rest of the article. When this task is done, the cleanup tag will be removed, for, as I've already stated, this is an excellent article.Zantastik 17:36, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

And another comment
I think this article is too biaised in favour of the students. e.g. "the police attacked and hunted down protestors" or "the government controlled the mass media". this article needs to be more neutral and less in favour of the student movement.

I am rewording as much of the article as is plausible, and hopefully removing bias as I do. Polocrunch 12:42, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Question
There is no information here on Fritz Teufel and his impact on the student movement? Unfortunately most of what I've found online is in Deutsch (which I do not speak or read fluently), and much of his impact may be mostly known to German-speakers. Could someone please add to this? 67.10.131.229 05:25, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

This is still too biased. "students had already discovered that the economic wealth of the nation, instead of improving the standard of living of the working class, would destroy it". Is that a discovery? On the other hand, "students were mostly taught scientific models of economics, politics etc. but were not taught how they worked, that they could be changed", this is part of a discussion on the epistemology of social sciences, it should be made more neutral. I am making some changes on "intoleran decision-making process", the above "discovered", "aggresively imperialistic policy" (of the USA), all the paragraph on the "aggresive public opinion" (by such a definition of aggresive, the students themselves were agressive), the "it happened" and other diction issues, "with brutal force", "aggresively conservative". YoungSpinoza

The article seems very biased in favor of "the students."

What's missing from this article is the fact that the 68ers were very much a "WEST German" movement. Even the title needs changing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.188.235.172 (talk) 08:44, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

The article seems very biased in favor of "the students." It is indeed! Very unbalanced! It reads as if it were the work of a member of the SDS! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 150.237.47.51 (talk) 11:54, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

Comment
The article seems generally simplistic and overly generalised in its explanation. There is nary a sentence that I read without questioning its precision or validity, and it reads in a very stilted manner (Perhaps a non-native speaker? As a linguist, I would be tempted to suggest this to be the case. Not a problem in and of itself, but it could be improved to be a better read.) It is also very allusive, with little in the way of solidly referenced 'facts'; with properly researched and cited information, this could be a truly informative article. As it stands, it explains little, poorly, in a biased manner, and without lending much credence to what it says. Locuteh (talk) 23:40, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

bad Bad BAD
this article is terrible.
 * practically every other word needs verification.
 * there is too much jumping to conclusion without deep reflection on the facts.
 * there is absolutely no media in this article.
 * written as if the article was a school essay. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.155.166.190 (talk) 13:03, 18 July 2010 (UTC)

Ugh
Moving this chunk here until it gets referenced and verified. Right now it is pure speculation. pschemp | talk 17:04, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

Historical background
Following the failure in the mid 19th century of the civil revolution in Germany (1848/49), German students largely abandoned radical politics and heavy political involvements. Having failed to turn Germany into a republic in a rebellion involving much of the working class, German students reversed course and began to follow instead the Prussian ideal of a "good citizen". During this period, the students effectively ceased all political activity against existing political institutions and began to become more conservative.

By the time that the First World War broke out in 1914, students were so steadfastly conservative and nationalistic that many of them went to war voluntarily. When the war ended in humiliation for Germany in 1919, students, like many in Germany, placed the blame for Germany's defeat and subsequent economic collapses on the newly-formed Weimar Republic, its founders and the Treaty of Versailles. Resulting from this, and because German students were so used to being governed by a single figurehead, it was not hard for the German National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) headed by Adolf Hitler to convince most students to join its student organization (the NSDStB — National Socialist German Students' League) and to abandon democracy. When Hitler gained full control of Germany in 1933, the universities were generally pliant towards Nazi policies. This explains in large part why so many students and professors worked together with the Nazi regime.

Following the end of the Second World War in 1945, students returning from the European battlefields and their professors wanted to resume normal academic activity as quickly as possible. The Allied forces agreed that everyday life should be restored quickly, and so removed only a few professors from the posts they had already held during the Nazi regime. German students were hence allowed to return to work very quickly, but the university system was not fully denazified. As a result, students kept their nationalist and conservative traditions in student fraternities while leftist student organizations like the SDS (German Socialist Student Union) remained insignificant, and this situation continued until the 1960s.

Consequently, by the advent of the 1960s the university system was still deeply conservative in its political leanings, with these attitudes being reflected in the lack of a say for students in the governance of their universities. Similarly, in central government, many politicians and administrators from the Nazi era had survived, leading to a tendency towards authoritarian government and successive conservative administrations.

 * Volunteering for military service in 1914 was not a sign of steadfast conservatism at all. A large majority of Germans supported the war effort and volunteered. This included left and right wing. Be careful of applying modern pacifist or individualist views to the people of 100 years ago.119.224.100.246 (talk) 20:15, 17 August 2015 (UTC)

German Version is better
The German version of this article seems to be far better then the English one (for good reasons of course), perhaps someone could replicate it and translate it into English? Isn't there a flag for this? Donquigleone (talk) 23:58, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

removing POV tag with no active discussion per Template:POV
I've removed an old neutrality tag from this page that appears to have no active discussion per the instructions at Template:POV:
 * This template is not meant to be a permanent resident on any article. Remove this template whenever:
 * There is consensus on the talkpage or the NPOV Noticeboard that the issue has been resolved
 * It is not clear what the neutrality issue is, and no satisfactory explanation has been given
 * In the absence of any discussion, or if the discussion has become dormant.

Since there's no evidence of ongoing discussion, I'm removing the tag for now. If discussion is continuing and I've failed to see it, however, please feel free to restore the template and continue to address the issues. Thanks to everybody working on this one! -- Khazar2 (talk) 22:56, 20 June 2013 (UTC)

Role of East Germany
There was little doubt that East Germany and the Soviet Union encouraged student protests in West Germany - indeed probably were largely responsible for many. Why is there no reference at all to the role of the Communist regimes?119.224.100.246 (talk) 20:16, 17 August 2015 (UTC)

Going to clean up this article
This article needs more sources and a more clear reading. I'll be researching about the movement and making additions.Mangokeylime (talk) 20:38, 18 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:West German student movement


text:
SM3

SM3, Sm3, sM3, sm3 or SM-3 may refer to:

 * Spider-Man 3, the third Spider-Man film released in 2007
 * Superman III, the third Superman film released in 1983
 * Renault Samsung SM3, a car model made by Renault Samsung
 * VR Class Sm3, a type of train operated by the VR Group
 * SM3 postcode area, the Sutton postcode area covering North Cheam
 * RIM-161 Standard Missile 3, a naval launched anti-ballistic missile used by the US Navy
 * SM3 (hash function), a cryptographic hash function of Chinese national standard
 * Standard cubic meter (Sm3), an industrial unit measuring the amount of a gas
 * Shawn Mendes (album) or SM3, the third album by the Canadian singer Shawn Mendes

title: SM3


text:
SM4

SM4, Sm4 or SM-4 may refer to:

 * SM4 (cipher), a block cipher used in the Chinese National Standard
 * SM4 (classification), a swimming classification
 * VR Class Sm4, a type of train operated by the VR Group
 * HST-SM4, the final servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope
 * Standard Missile 4, a missile
 * SM4, a part of the SM postcode area, in Sutton, England
 * SM-4, minicomputer

title: SM4


text:
Talk:Newsreel

Untitled
There is very little info on each of these. I would suggest putting info on this page rather than creating new articles until there's more-than-a-stub.Zosodada 17:38, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Citation on invention
The un-sourced "created in 1908" is confusing -- as I understand it, though there were news films as far back as the 1890s, the "newsreel" began when Pathe began distributing weekly in 1910. Cf: http://sunnycv.com/steve/filmnotes/newsreel.html

Let me know if anyone has more info. Grahamtalk/mail/ e 15:38, 17 May 2016 (UTC)

Daily Bioscope
The cinema "Daily Bioscope" is given a foundation date in 1909 but this source lists May 1906: https://thebioscope.net/2010/08/30/the-london-project-2/

Either way, that's before newsreels were invented in a form we'd call "newsreels." Grahamtalk/mail/ e 15:47, 17 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Newsreel


text:
User:GEngbring

Born on Oahu January 8,1989, I was named Gretchen Marie Engbring before being brought to my home, and waiting 18 month older sister, along Waikiki Beach. Our four person family later moved to the country near Olympia, Washington where I attended South Bay Elementary and took up a variety of activities including soccer and riding. I continued riding, both competitive and otherwise, at a nearby stable called Time Piece Arabians until our second move to my current home in Davis, California. After adjusting to our new home, I once again took up my active lifestyle, purchasing a quarter horse mare in continuance of my riding career. My time was spent mainly outdoors, especially during the summer, when my family would go hiking, backpacking, camping, kayaking, and a variety of other pastimes. Growing up around a variety of pets, I also spent a fair amount of time with them, and it was rare that we traveled anywhere without our two dogs. Today I've continued much of the same lifestyle, although education has begun to consume much of my free time as I attend school at Davis Senior High and Da Vinci High. I've also taken up the sport of rugby, playing now for my second year as wing on the Lady Devil Rugby Club. I look forward to summer and our annual vacations which have, in the past, taken us places such as New Zealand, England, France, Germany, Italy, and Greece. In the meantime, I'll keep myself occupied with friends, sports, and school.

title: User:GEngbring


text:
John Sheehy (administrator)

Sir John Francis Sheehy (12 October 1889 – 11 May 1949 ) was an Irish-British colonial official.

Sheehy was born in Tuam, County Galway, Ireland in 1889, the son of a local policeman. He received his education at Tuam Christian Brothers School and St Jarlath's College and later at St Patrick's College, Maynooth and University College Galway.

Sheehy passed the Indian Civil Service examination in 1913 and was posted to Burma where he was on active service from 1914 to 1918. After the First World War, he returned to Burma and was appointed to the Development Commission in Rangoon and in 1924 was made deputy secretary to the Burmese Government. In 1937, Sheehy was transferred to Delhi and was appointed to the Central Board of Revenue of the Finance Department of the Indian Government. He was made a Companion of the Indian Civil Service in 1939 and received a knighthood in 1943. Following India's independence from Britain in 1947, Sheehy joined the Allied Control Council in Germany. Here he served as Director of Public Revenue and Assistant Adviser to the British Military Governor.

Sheehy married Jean Newton Simpson in 1927. They had 3 children including Sir Patrick Sheehy (1930-2019), a former chairman of British American Tobacco.

Sheehy was shot to death by intruders at his house in Vlotho, Germany on 11 May 1949. He was 59.

title: John Sheehy (administrator)


text:
SM5

SM5, Sm5, sM5 or sm5 stands for:
 * Superman Returns, the fifth Superman film
 * JKOY Class Sm5, a type of train operated on the Helsinki commuter rail network
 * Renault Samsung SM5, a car produced by Renault Samsung
 * SM5 postcode area, the London Borough of Sutton postcode area covering Carshalton, Carshalton Beeches, Carshalton on the Hill, The Wrythe, Carshalton Village, Eastern St. Helier, and Middleton Circle.
 * SM-5, one of the computer algorithms used in SuperMemo
 * Shure SM5, a precursor to the Shure SM7 microphone

title: SM5


text:
User talk:Cranberry~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

17:42, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

RfA
You might want to reconsider your vote here. Yet another reason to vote for people on their merits instead of other's opinions of them. --fvw *  20:34, 2005 Feb 4 (UTC)

Stereogram
I uploaded a modification of the Mante stereogram at 0362ManteNudeCrossView.jpg for cross eye viewing. By the way, would it be possible to obtain a higher resoulution scan of this image? - Leonard G. 18:19, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Stormlord.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Stormlord.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

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 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 13:00, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Corneria.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Corneria.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 07:31, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Akira Fubuki

The article Akira Fubuki has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Fails WP:PORNBIO, no indication the subject can satisfy the GNG or any other specialized guideline. Brief career in the industry, no specific assertion of notability, no nontrivial GNews/GBooks hits, no significant nonpromotional sourcing.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Hullaballoo Wolfowitz (talk) 21:08, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Cranberry. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Cranberry~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:10, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:46, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cranberry~enwiki


text:
Talk:Spirit of 69

I don't understand the use of the word "cult" in this article. Is it just subtle vandalism?

No, its not. subcultures are sometimes called "teenage cults" or just "cult" for short. This can be seen both in popular books about subcultures (as in Marshall's "Spirit of '69" or academic resources). --M. Alexander 17:27, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Still though, the wording doesn't do a good job explaining that, and the link just confuses things more. I'm going to change it to "subculture," if "cult" is an important term for dealing with this subculture then probably that should be explained in detail. --140.103.133.75 16:01, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Marshall himself uses cult throughout this book and its companion volume Skinhead Nation to refer to what others have variously called a subculture, a movement, etc.
 * Nuttyskin 05:41, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spirit of 69


text:
George Thomas Stokes

George Thomas Stokes (1843–1898) was an Irish ecclesiastical historian.

Life
He was the eldest son of John Stokes of Athlone and Margaret Forster his wife, born on 28 December 1843 in Athlone, Ireland. He was educated at Galway grammar school, Queen's College, Galway, and at Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated B.A. in 1864. He subsequently proceeded M.A. 1871, B.D. 1881, and D.D. 1886. In 1866, Stokes was ordained for the curacy of Dunkerrin in the diocese of Killaloe in the then established Church of Ireland, and in the following year was appointed to the curacy of St. Patrick's, Newry. In 1868, he was nominated first vicar of the newly constituted charge of All Saints, Newtown Park, Co. Dublin, which he held till his death. In 1893, he was elected by the chapter of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, to the prebend and canonry of St. Andrew. From the date of his appointment to All Saints, Stokes studied Irish ecclesiastical history of his own country. Dr. Reichel made him his deputy in the chair of ecclesiastical history in the university of Dublin; and in 1883, Stokes was appointed his successor. Ireland and the Celtic Church, published in 1886, achieved an immediate success. It was followed in 1888 by his Ireland and the Anglo-Norman Church, in which the history of Irish Christianity was traced through a further stage. Stokes took on for the Expositor's Bible a "Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles" (1891). In 1887, he published, as the second volume of a Sketch of Universal History, a Sketch of Mediaeval History. In 1891, he published an edition of Bishop Pococke's Tour in Ireland. He was an occasional contributor on subjects connected with theology and ecclesiastical history to the Contemporary Review. Among many articles in this periodical, that on Alexander Knox and the Oxford Movement is perhaps the most important (August 1887); and he produced numerous papers before the Royal Society of Antiquaries in Ireland, and the Royal Irish Academy. In 1887, he was appointed librarian of St. Patrick's Library, in Dublin, while continuing with clerical duties. In 1890, he was temporarily disabled by a partial stroke of paralysis, from the effects of which he never fully recovered. In 1896, he delivered a series of lectures entitled How to write a Parochial History; and the following year began a course of lectures on Great Irish Churchmen of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, which he did not live to complete; they were edited, under the title Some Worthies of the Irish Church (London, 1900), after his death by the Rev. H. J. Lawlor, who succeeded to his professorial chair.

On 24 March 1898, Stokes succumbed, after a brief struggle, to an attack of pneumonia. He was buried at Dean's Grange, Co. Dublin.

Family
Stokes was twice married: first, to Fanny, daughter of Thomas Pusey of Surbiton, Surrey, and secondly to Katherine, daughter of Henry J. Dudgeon of the Priory, Stillorgan, co. Dublin.

Publications

 * Ireland and the Celtic Church. A History of Ireland from St Patrick to the English Conquest in 1172 (London, 1886)
 * A commentary on the Acts 2 vols, in The Expositor’s Bible (1888)
 * Ireland and the Anglo-Norman Church. A History of Ireland and Irish Christianity from the Anglo-Norman Conquest to the Dawn of the Reformation (1889)
 * Dudley Loftus: A Dublin Antiquary of the Seventeenth Century (Dublin, 1890)
 * The Island Monasteries of Wales and Ireland (1891)
 * St Fechin of Fore, and his Monastery (1892)
 * Greek in Gaul and Western Europe down to A.D. 700. The Knowledge of Greek in Ireland between A.D. 500 and 900 (1892)
 * Calendar of the Liber Niger Alani (1893)
 * The Writings of St Patrick, a Translation with Notes (1887) (in collaboration with C. H. H. Wright)

title: George Thomas Stokes


text:
User:El nino~enwiki

My name is Ravi Dandekar, I was born in Woodland but I was raised in Davis. I attended Patwin Elementary school and had to transfer out after the second grade. I moved to North Davis Medows nd i attended Willett elementary. While I was at Willett I developed an interest in drawing. I had always been interested in drawing but by the fifth grade, drawing is all I did. After finishing elementary school, I moved on to junior high. I attended Emerson Junior High for three years. I continued drawing and I also became interested in running. I took Cross Country in the seventh and eighth grade. I know currently am attending DaVinci High School, a school based around technology and group based learning. I like DaVinci, I think that the teachers and the criteria are exciting. I am not sure what else to write in this artical. I think I am going to ask someone around me to give me adive on what else to write about. Ok, I guess I can talk about my life outside of school. Since my both my parents are proffessors, they usually have to fly out of town very frequenty. Sometimes they even take me with them. I came with my parents to Hawaii and Canada.

title: User:El nino~enwiki


text:
Alken-Maes

Alken-Maes is a Belgian brewery created out of the 1988 merger of two small breweries, Maes located at Kontich-Waarloos and Cristal-Alken located at Alken. It was bought by Scottish & Newcastle in 2000, who were taken over by Carlsberg and Heineken in 2007.

History
Alken-Maes was created out of the 1988 merger of two small breweries, Maes located at Kontich-Waarloos and Cristal-Alken located at Alken. Both had specialized in pils (Maes was producing Maes pils and Alken Cristal pils) until Maes purchased the Union brewery (based in Jumet) in 1978, which produced Grimbergen beer among others.

After the merger, the group continued to purchase other breweries to expand their offer to a larger panel of beers. In 1989, the new brewery purchased a 50% stake in De Keersmaeker brewery, which specialized in spontaneous fermentation beers such as Mort Subite. In 2000, it bought Ciney and Brugs Witbier, as well as the other 50% of De Keersmaeker.

In the same year, the brewery was bought by British company Scottish & Newcastle, which in turn was bought by the Carlsberg/Heineken consortium in 2007. In 2002, it took over the Louwaege brewery from Kortemark (producing Louwaeges Kriek and high fermentation Hapkin). Alken-Maes has now become the number two on the Belgian market. Its headquarters are in Waarloos.

Products

 * Pils: Maes pils, Cristal, Kronenbourg 1664, Foster's, and Cara Pils (formerly)
 * Brown beers: Zulte, Judas, Brown Ciney and Special Ciney
 * Blond beers: Blond Ciney, Hapkin
 * Abbey beers: Affligem, Grimbergen (blond, Trippel, Optimo Bruno, Dubbel and Cuvée de l'Ermitage)
 * Wheat beer: Brugs
 * Spontaneous fermentation (lambic) beers: Mort Subite (gueuze and fruit lambics, including cherry (kriek) and raspberry (framboise/frambozen)), Louwaeges Kriek
 * Beers with a low alcoholic content: Maes Nature and Tourtel (alcohol-free).

Mort Subite

Mort Subite is the brand name for a number of lambic beers brewed by the Belgian brewery Keersmaeker. The beers take their name from a café in Brussels, À La Mort Subite. Mort subite means "sudden death" in French, but can also be used to refer to the final throw in a dice game. Underground trading once took place within À La Mort Subite – it was named after the speed at which one could lose one's money.

It is explained that the name was derived from the bar's proximity to the law court. In effect, lawyers and clerks would play cards during their lunch break and when the bell rang to resume proceedings, the hand held was subject to sudden death rules to ascertain the winner. This derivation is also listed in the Rough Guide series of books.

title: Alken-Maes


text:
Trenque Lauquen

Trenque Lauquen is a city in the west of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, 444 km from Buenos Aires City and 80 km from the border with the province of La Pampa, on the intersection of National Routes 5 and 33. Trenque Lauquen is the largest city of the district (partido) of the same name, and has a population of about 40,000 inhabitants as per the.

The name of the city means "Round Lagoon" in the Mapuche language. It was founded on 12 April 1876 by the advancing troops of Colonel Conrado Excelso Villegas, under orders from the Minister of War Adolfo Alsina, as the center of operations of the North Division of the Border Commandancy, during the Conquest of the Desert (the campaign to subject the territories originally occupied by aboriginal tribes to the government of Buenos Aires). The partido was officially created on 28 July 1886.

The city is served by Ñanco Lauquen Airport.

Climate
Similar to the rest of the Pampas, Trenque Lauquen has a temperate climate. Under the Köppen climate classification system, Trenque Lauquen has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters.

title: Trenque Lauquen


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hot Cut-up Pancake & the Grannies on Flying Wheelchairs

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 02:31, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

Hot Cut-up Pancake & the Grannies on Flying Wheelchairs
This is non notable in my book - the band name gets 0 google hits as an exact phrase and 22 as inexact ("and" seems to be used rather than "&", so if this is kept I suggest moving to that), of which 9 are unique enough for google to bother with and 2 of those seemed identical to me. All the links were from .de or .ch domains and not in English, my extremely rusty GCSE German was unable to translate sufficiently to make much sense of them. Thryduulf 17:43, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Having a really long name does NOT make you notable. --InShaneee 18:35, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I dunno, the old Bing Crosby song "I'm a Cranky Old Yank in a Clanky Old Tank on the Streets of Yokohama with My Honolulu Mama Doing Those Beat-o Beat-o Flat on My Seat-o Hirohito Blues" might be notable. --Calton 06:32, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Hot damn tamale and LOL! I remember that from a Guinness Book of World Records of yore, and it still seems to hold the "world's longest song title" record after a quick Google.  It was written by Hoagy Carmichael in 1946.  Can't believe that's a red link!  That just might be my next article after a bit of research.  Delete this as vanity, but not without a debt of gratitude for the sudden flash of inspiration. - Lucky 6.9 01:42, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Vanity nonsense of no value Brookie 20:00, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable and useless. Carrp 20:01, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. No different from the other millions of local bands out there, except they have a flashy website. — Ливай | ☺ 20:58, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - fails Google test, possible band vanity. Megan1967 01:56, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. YAGBV (Yet Another Garage Band Vanity). --Calton 06:32, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. GBGSA (The Garage Band Gremlin Strikes Again).  Edeans 21:40, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, does not meet WikiProject:Music's guidelines for inclusion. Tuf-Kat 16:25, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Bugle (disambiguation)

The bugle is a brass musical instrument.

Bugle may also refer to:

Places

 * Bugle, Cornwall, a village near St Austell in the United Kingdom
 * Bugle railway station
 * Bugle Field, a Baltimore, Maryland, stadium used by two primary Negro league baseball teams from 1916 to 1950
 * Bugle Rock, South Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Periodicals

 * Bugle (newspaper) or Bugle-American, a former underground newspaper in Milwaukee and Madison, Wisconsin
 * Black Country Bugle, an English weekly newspaper
 * The Anti-Slavery Bugle, an abolitionist newspaper published from 1845 to 1861 in Ohio, United States
 * The Baum Bugle, the official journal of The International Wizard of Oz Club
 * The Bugle, a newspaper which was merged into the Bugle-Observer, based in Woodstock, New Brunswick, Canada

Other arts, entertainment, and media

 * Daily Bugle, a fictitious newspaper in the Marvel Comics universe
 * The Bugle, satirical podcast created by John Oliver and Andy Zaltzman

Other uses

 * Bugle or bugleweed, a common name of the flowering plant genus Ajuga
 * Boulton & Paul Bugle, a British biplane bomber first flown in 1923
 * Bugles (snack), corn chip snack
 * The Bugle, Wikipedia's military history newsletter

title: Bugle (disambiguation)


text:
Senones

The Senones or Senonii (Gaulish: "the ancient ones") were an ancient Gallic tribe dwelling in the Seine basin, around present-day Sens, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

Part of the Senones settled in the Italian peninsula, where they ousted the Umbrians between Ariminum (modern-day Rimini) and Ancona. They are described in classical sources as the leaders of the Gallic war-band that captured Rome during the Battle of the Allia in 390 BC. They remained a constant threat until Rome eventually subjugated them in 283 BC, after which they disappeared from history.

Name
They are mentioned as Sḗnōnes (Σήνωνες) and Sḗnōnas (Σήνωνας) by Polybius (2nd c. BC), Senonii by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), Sénnōnes (Σέννωνες) by Diodorus Siculus (1st c. BC), Sénōnes (Σένωνες) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), Senones by Pliny (1st c. AD), Sénones (Σένονες) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as Senones by Ammianus (4th c. AD).

The Gaulish ethnonym Senones is generally interpreted as meaning 'the ancient ones', by deriving the name from the Proto-Celtic root *sen- ('old'; cf. Old Irish sen; Middle Welsh hen 'old') extended by the suffix -on-es. Pierre-Yves Lambert has also proposed an etymology from the root *sen(H)-, meaning 'to gain, vanquish'. In ancient times, Servius compared the name to the Greek ξενός ('guest-friend, host, stranger').

The city of Sens, attested in the 4th century AD as Senonas oppidum ('oppidum of the Senones'), is named after the Gallic tribe.

Geography
The Senones of Gauls dwelled around their capital Agedincum (present-day Sens).

In Gallia Cisalpina
They joined Bellovesus's migrations towards Italy ca. 600 BC, together with the Aeduii, Ambarri, Arverni, Aulerci, and Carnutes.

In 400 BC, they crossed the Alps and invaded Italy as far as Rome which they plundered. They retreated and, driving out the Umbrians, settled on the east coast of Italy. Their territory spanned from Forlì to Ancona and Terni, in Picenum or what was later the Ager Gallicus. They founded the town at Senigallia, which became their capital and occupied northern Picenum. In 391 BC, under the chieftain Brennus, they invaded Etruria and besieged Clusium. The Clusines appealed to Rome for aid. The Romans provided support, which constituted a violation of the law of nations. The ensuing war resulted in the defeat of the Romans at the Battle of the Allia (390 BC) and the sacking of Rome.

For more than 100 years the Senones were engaged in Roman-Gallic wars, until in 284 BC the Gauls besieged Arretium, the Etruscan town that had agreed a truce for 40 years with the Romans in 294 BC. The Romans went to the assistance of the town and were beaten in a battle under its walls. Rome sent ambassadors to the Gauls but they killed them. The praetor Caecilius was sent with an army to avenge their murder but he was killed by the Etruscans and Gauls, together with 7 military and many nobles. Finally P. Cornelius Dolabella drove them out of their territory in 283 BC. Nothing more was heard of them in Italy.

It is possible that they joined with Gallic tribes who spread themselves throughout the lands of the Danube, Macedonia, and Asia Minor. Sena Gallica (currently Senigallia) was made a Roman colony, named to distinguish it from Sena Julia (Siena) in Etruria.

In Gallia Transalpina
A branch of the Senones (or a different tribe of the same name) settling the district which now includes the departments of Seine-et-Marne, Loiret and Yonne from 53–51 BC were engaged in hostilities with Julius Caesar brought about by their expulsion of Cavarinus, whom he had appointed their king. In 51 BC, a Senonian named Drappes threatened the Provincia, but was captured and starved himself to death. From this time the Gallic Senones disappear from history. In later times, they were included in Gallia Lugdunensis. Their chief towns were Agedincum (later Senones, whence Sens), (Melun; according to A. Holder, Meudon), and Vellaunodunum (site uncertain).

Culture
Their contact with the Italic populations and the strong Etruscan influences created a two-way cultural osmosis indicating some integration with the native populations, sometimes by mixed marriages; for example the progressive Hellenisation of the Senones with the adoption of typical practices of the Italians such as the consumption of wine and the rite of the symposium, and the appearance of typical Celtic artefacts such as swords and scabbards of the La Tène type in the Picene necropolises of Numana, Arcevia, Camerano and San Filippo di Osimo. Their presence in the Piceno area including the early period immediately after the defeat of the Senones and their allies is shown by tomb contents particularly funerary costumes, while the settlements have not been excavated.

title: Senones


text:
SM6

SM6, Sm6, sM6 or sm6 stands for:
 * KT Class Sm6, a type of train owned by Karelian Trains and operated by the Russian Railways and VR Group
 * RIM-174 Standard ERAM, a surface-to-air naval missile
 * SM6 postcode area, the Sutton postcode area covering Wallington, Beddington, Hackbridge, Roundshaw and South Beddington
 * Renault Talisman`s Korean name
 * Titleist Golf club.

title: SM6


text:
User:Rpatino

My name is Raul Patino,I'm in my first year in High School which is 10th grade and also attending the school called Leonardo Da vinci, which is a technology school made for people who want to work in groups, enjoy to do group projects, and who would like to have a small amount of people who attend classes and school. What I mean by a technology school is that we all get a laptop at the beginning of year meaning that when you get the laptops, we are fully responsible of what happens to them. It's a really fun program because you get to use your laptop for many things like research,projects,and many other things too. Some other things that I'm also interested in are in playing soccer,drawing, and mountain biking. I like soccer because I've been playing it ever since I was 3 years old, meaning that now that I'm 15, I play in a competitive soccer team, playing at a high level. I enjoy drawing because I've also drawn since I was in 2nd grade and have became better each time I draw in art class and in my free time. I enjoy mountain biking because I love the outdoors and enjoy going off high dirt jumps and also going down big mountains with big bumps. I got into mountain biking when I went with my friend to see him mountain bike, and also when I saw his nice mountain bike. Now I've been mountain biking for about 4 years. I'm intermediate when it comes to mountain biking. These are all my interests and stuff about my life and what I like to do.

title: User:Rpatino


text:
User:Linkskywalker

A Brief Wiki-Manifesto
Wikipedia is a pretty awesome resource. It's permanently changed the face of the internet--for better or for worse--and I believe that the majority of the information presented here is sound. I love using Wikipedia.

That said, I hate Wikipedia's policies. And while I understand their intended purpose, far too often I've seen them enforced in cases where only the letter of the law really applies, rather than the spirit.

And while I could work to improve the situation, Wikipedia really isn't my fight. There are thousands of juvenile bureaucrats running around bickering with hundreds of thousands of users who are just plain juvenile. I don't need the gray hairs.

Due to that, my involvement in the Wikipedia project is restricted to the discussion page. I give my input, and people with the patience to put up with actually making edits can decide if my thoughts are worth considering seriously or not.

title: User:Linkskywalker


text:
User:JShimek

About JShimek
I, JShimek, am a High School student who attends the new technological high school, called Da Vinci High School. The Da Vinci High school is a new school that utilizes many computers; in fact all students of the Da Vinci High School are issued Dell laptops. The students use these laptops for almost all of there school work. I enjoy using computers for a wide variety of things. One of my main interests are graphic art design with Adobe Photoshop CS. I believe I am very good with this program. Like many students I also enjoy playing computer games, but unlike many kids, I use game and world editors to create maps and add-ons to games. I am currently using the Half Life 2, Hammer World Editor to create my own multi player level, which will be released online in some time. My educational interests include chemistry, psychology, and math. I hope to go to University of California Davis (UCD), when I graduate from high school.

title: User:JShimek


text:
Raymond West

Sir Raymond West (18 September 1832 in County Kerry, Ireland – 8 September 1912) was a barrister King's Inns Dublin 1871, Puisne Judge of the High Court of Bombay, 1873–87; President of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vice Chancellor of the University of Bombay, also acted as Procureur-General in Egypt 1884; member of the Government of Bombay 1887–92; Reader in Indian Law, Cambridge University.

In May 1888, he was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCIE).

title: Raymond West


text: User talk:165.138.83.13

title: User talk:165.138.83.13


text:
Talk:Phonetic complement

[Untitled]
This page appears to define phonetic complements as determinatives. Must rework. -Ben 17:47, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Not as determinatives, but it's not clear, and not confined to Cuneiform. At least Japanese and Mayan also do this. kwami (talk) 09:03, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I hope my English example in the article makes the meaning clear. Greensburger (talk) 04:46, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

 * That helped. I expanded it a bit. kwami (talk) 12:43, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

Okurigana vs. complement trivia
Removing some incorrect trivia (found in 680549567). Thanks to Criminy1!

Occasionally okurigana coincide with a component of the preceding compound Chinese characters, though this is generally a coincidence, and does not mean that same character is functioning as a phonetic both in the Chinese character and in the following okurigana. Notably, 割り wa-ri, as in the word 割り算 (wa-ri-zan, division), the right side of 割 is 刂, and both the hiragana り and katakana リ ri derive from 利 (the katakana リ from the right side 刂), so one might think that 刂 is the phonetic complement of both 割 and 利, but in fact it functions as a semantic in both. Fundamentally, in Japanese use of Chinese characters, phonetic complements in the Chinese character correspond to the Sino-Japanese (on, originally Chinese) reading, while okurigana come from part of the native Japanese reading, and any time these are the same is simply a coincidence.
 * —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 01:49, 23 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phonetic complement


text:
Tooth and Nail (Dokken album)

Tooth and Nail is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Dokken, released on September 14, 1984 through Elektra Records.

After the unsuccessful US release of the band's 1983 debut album, Breaking the Chains, the record label was reluctant to give credit to Dokken for a follow-up. Dokken's management struggled to convince the label's executives to give the band another chance and this fight for recognition is reflected in the album's title. This album was the group's first with bassist Jeff Pilson following Juan Croucier's departure to join Ratt.

The production of the album was entrusted to renowned producer Tom Werman, but the recordings were hampered by the clash of egos between vocalist Don Dokken and guitarist George Lynch, who could not work together in a studio at the same time, and by the excesses of musicians and technicians. For these reasons, Werman was unable to carry on his work and quit the job after a few weeks, replaced by Roy Thomas Baker and Michael Wagener, who completed the recordings and mixed the album. The music of the album ranges from fast and aggressive tracks to pop and melodic ballads.

 Tooth and Nail received positive reviews but was a slow seller, reaching the peak of No. 49 on the US Billboard 200 album chart and Gold status more than ten months after its release, on the wake of the success of the single "Alone Again" and of its accompanying music video. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA in 1989, after both Under Lock and Key (1985) and Back for the Attack (1987) had achieved such status.

Background
After the release of their debut album Breaking the Chains through French label Carrere Records on November 1981, Dokken had toured in support of the album in Europe, but were still relegated in local clubs in the US, where the album had not been issued.

Only when Dokken came under the management of the influential Q Prime Inc. of Cliff Burnstein and Peter Mensch, which also represented the successful Def Leppard, the band signed a contract with the major American label Elektra Records and eventually had the album released in their home country in 1983.

Dokken went on an arena tour in the US as support act for Aldo Nova, Blue Öyster Cult and Rainbow, but the band's increased exposure did not save the remixed reissue from commercial failure, and Elektra meditated to drop them. Their management convinced the label to finance the release of another album instead.

Meanwhile, bassist Juan Croucier had left Dokken to join the Los Angeles outfit Ratt and guitarist George Lynch had quit and rejoined multiple times. It was apparent from the start a manifest incompatibility of character between Lynch and vocalist Don Dokken, which prevented the two from working together and more than once escalated in open hostility. During Lynch's lapses of membership, Dokken tried out other guitarists, including Warren DeMartini, who later joined Ratt when that band's career began to take off. Lynch auditioned for Ozzy Osbourne's band to replace the deceased Randy Rhoads but was not selected, and finally settled in with Dokken after the release of their first album in the US. To fill in the vacant bass-player slot, Shrapnel Records manager Mike Varney suggested to Don Dokken a member of his band, Cinema, named Jeff Pilson, who joined the band after an audition in 1983.

Composition and recording
Lynch began laying down guitar riffs and music ideas on a four-track recorder at his home in 1983, soon joined by Pilson and drummer Mick Brown. The three of them formed a cohesive songwriting team which produced several demos including lyrics and vocals. Don Dokken was excluded from this creative stage and worked on songs and lyrics on his own or with Pilson. The power ballad "Alone Again" was the result of a Dokken/Pilson collaboration and is the reworking of a song written by Dokken in 1975. Lynch opposed the inclusion of the song in the album because he did not want ballads in it, but was finally convinced otherwise. According to Don Dokken, the band wrote 25 songs in this period, which were then narrowed down to the ten best.

Before pre-production began, Don Dokken proposed as producer his German friend Michael Wagener, whose curriculum included works with Accept, Raven, Great White and the production and engineering of Breaking the Chains. Predictably, Wagener's friendship with Dokken and Lynch's dissatisfaction for the sound of their debut album brought to the rejection of the singer's proposal by the rest of the band. Elektra Records selected instead the expert Tom Werman to produce the album; his accomplishments in the music business included multi-platinum albums with Cheap Trick, Molly Hatchet, Ted Nugent and the production of rising stars Mötley Crüe's second album Shout at the Devil. Werman was present at rehearsals and helped to select and arrange the songs before production began. The recording of the album started in the spring of 1984 at Cherokee Studios in Hollywood, California with veteran sound engineer Geoff Workman, whose personality and erratic behaviour did not mesh easily with Werman's direction. This troubled relationship only added up to the escalating clash of egos between Lynch and Dokken, which was furtherly exacerbated by the abuse of cocaine and alcohol by musicians and technicians. Werman set the working schedule to avoid the contemporary presence of guitarist and vocalist in the studio, with the former recording with the rest of the band late morning and in the afternoon and the latter at night. This arrangement was maintained for all the permanence of George Lynch in the band, as he and Dokken never worked together in a recording studio. After a few weeks of work, the situation exploded when Lynch violently rejected Werman's advice for some of his guitar solos and refused to work again with the producer. Werman quit and left for a summer vacation with his family, bringing Don Dokken to request again the hiring of Michael Wagener to complete the recordings and mixing the tracks. Despite Werman and Burnstein's agreement on Wagener's involvement, the rest of the band continued to refuse him, jeopardizing the release of the album.

The singer expressed his concerns to the label executives and pleaded with them for Wagener's help. Elektra complied to Dokken's request, but hired also the British producer Roy Thomas Baker, famous for his work with Queen, Journey and The Cars and for his hedonistic lifestyle. Baker's main task was to keep the band in check and occupied while Wagener recorded lead vocals by night and mixed the album, secretly assisted by Dokken. Production also overcame the sudden and unmotivated disappearance of Lynch for a week and wrapped up recording and mixing in August 1984.

Music style
Dokken are considered players of the hair/pop/glam metal subgenre by many critics and fans    and Tooth and Nail is included in various polls of best glam metal albums. However, in a 2004 interview, Don Dokken disclaimed the band's belonging to that category and any comparison with acts like Mötley Crüe and Poison.

A more thorough analysis by Canadian music journalist Martin Popoff places Tooth and Nail in transition from the NWOBHM-influenced debut album towards a more melodic and poppier kind of music, similar to the rising glam metal which would dominate the LA scene in the following years. The extremes in music styles are touched with songs like the title track and "Turn On the Action", which resemble speed metal for their fast pace and aggressive riffs, versus "Just Got Lucky" and "Alone Again", typical pop metal songs. In another statement, Don Dokken himself acknowledged this shift in style, regarding it as more suited to his vocal limitations.

Release and promotion
Tooth and Nail was mastered by George Marino at Sterling Sound in New York City and released on September 14, 1984. The lead-off single for the album was "Into the Fire", which was released on September 11, 1984, and received enough radio coverage to spend eight weeks in the Top 40 of Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart from October to December 1984, peaking at No. 21 and charting for a total of eleven weeks. The music video for this song also received moderate play on MTV. The song had a minor revamp in 1987, when it was featured in the soundtrack of the horror movie A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors along with Dokken's newly written "Dream Warriors". The song can be heard in the VHS and DVD versions of the film in the opening sequence when the character Kristen Parker, played by Patricia Arquette, is listening to the radio in her bedroom.

"Just Got Lucky" was the second single, released on November 19, 1984 and somewhat less successful. Even though it was supported by a music video directed by Wayne Isham, it charted only on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart for seven weeks during January and February 1985 where it peaked at No. 27.

To support the release of the album, the band started a long US tour on October 9, 1984 in Texas. During the tour they were opening act for Twisted Sister and Y&T, Dio and Kiss. Dokken co-headlined a few dates with Loudness and concluded the tour on April 10, 1985 in Syracuse, New York, opening for Sammy Hagar. In the following months they ceased live activities to compose and record their third album Under Lock and Key, which was released on November 22, 1985.

Third and last single to the album "Alone Again" was released in March 1985, after the tour had concluded and became the band's biggest hit, spending fourteen weeks on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, which included two at its peak position of No. 20. More significantly, the ballad was aided by strong rotation of the Isham-directed music video on MTV that spring and summer, giving the band their first and biggest hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, where its eleven-week run from May to July 1985 peaked at No. 64.

Critical and commercial reception
Tooth and Nail received mostly positive reviews. Paul Suter, in his review for the British magazine Kerrang!, praised Don Dokken's "strongly melodic" vocals and the "thunderous riffing and dazzling soloing" of George Lynch, judging the album probably not the band's best but "more than a match for the pretenders to the throne of LA Metaldome." Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic was enthusiastic of Lynch's guitar playing, claiming that "there isn't a single solo on the album that isn't worth hearing", and appreciated Don Dokken's voice for making even the most "clichéd material sound convincing". Taylor T. Carlson in his book HAIRcyclopedia Vol. 1 - The Legends calls Tooth and Nail a "true classic" among Dokken's production. Martin Popoff described the album's music as a mix of "Def Leppard-ish mood metal", "AOR-ish and pop-sweet" songs and "muscle-rockers." He put Dokken almost on par with Van Halen, both for the "live-feel bombast" of the music and for the "heated conflict between guitarist and vocalist."

Though clearly more an album act than a singles act, Dokken's album sales were tied to the videos for the singles from those albums. Tooth and Nail rose to No. 71 on the US Billboard 200 chart during the release of "Into the Fire", but fell off the charts for a week before re-entering and rising to No. 77 during the release of "Just Got Lucky". It was during the run of the third single "Alone Again" that the album, sliding down the charts after "Just Got Lucky" faded, reversed course and hit its peak of No. 49.

This time, Tooth and Nail would be certified Gold by the RIAA on August 13, 1985, the band's first certification, and would linger on the charts for the remainder of the year. This continued buoying of sales resulted in the unusual circumstance of the album being rated higher on the 1985 year-end charts (No. 35) than it had actually reached in its chart peak.

On March 16, 1989, on the strength of continued sales, Tooth and Nail, Dokken's first Gold album, was their third to be certified Platinum by the RIAA for sales of 1 million in the US alone.

Track listing
All credits adapted from the original LP.

Personnel
All credits adapted from the original LP.

Dokken

 * Don Dokken – lead vocals
 * George Lynch – guitars
 * Jeff Pilson – bass, vocals
 * Mick Brown – drums

Production

 * Tom Werman – producer
 * Roy Thomas Baker – associate producer
 * Geoff Workman, Gary McGachan – engineers
 * Michael Wagener – mixing
 * George Marino – mastering at Sterling Sound, New York
 * Bob Defrin – art direction

title: Tooth and Nail (Dokken album)


text:
SM7

SM7 may refer to:
 * SM postcode area number 7 in the United Kingdom
 * Shure SM7 broadcasting microphone

title: SM7


text:
Englewood, Chicago

Englewood is a neighborhood and community area located on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is also the 68th of the 77 community areas in the city. At its peak population in 1960, over 97,000 people lived in its approximately 3 sqmi, but the neighborhood's population has since dropped dramatically. In 2000, it had a population of approximately 40,000 inhabitants, and the 2010 census indicated that its population has further declined to approximately 30,000. Englewood is bordered by Garfield Boulevard to the north, 75th Street to the south, Racine Avenue to the west, and an irregular border that wends along the Metra Railroad Tracks to the east. On the southwest side of Chicago lies West Englewood, which is generally lumped in with Englewood by Chicagoans. Englewood, a low-income African-American community, has a high rate of foreclosed properties due to its population drop.

History
Before 1850, Englewood was an oak forest with much swampland. In 1852 several railroad lines crossed at what became known as Junction Grove, stimulating the beginning of what we know today as Englewood. The Union Stock Yard provided employment to early residents. In 1868 Henry B. Lewis, a wool merchant in the Loop and Board of Education member, suggested a new name from his association with Englewood, New Jersey. In 1865, Junction Grove was annexed to the Town of Lake and to Chicago in 1889. The World's Columbian Exposition at nearby Jackson Park in 1893 led to real estate speculation and expansion of the community.

The Englewood community was largely defined by the Englewood Shopping Center at 63rd & Halsted, a large pedestrian mall. The City, social services, and mall management worked with community leaders and groups to integrate the mall with the community. It was the site of numerous community events, parades, outdoor concerts, live radio broadcasts and the like. This was spearheaded by the Englewood Business Men's Association and its director, Richard Drew; after Drew's death in 1978 the Center lost its major anchor tenants, including Sears Roebuck, and became a collection of smaller merchants.

In 1999, Mayor Richard M. Daley announced a $256 million revitalization plan for the area. The keystone of the program is the relocation of Kennedy–King College to the former site of the Englewood Shopping Center. Shortly thereafter the city began an aggressive buyout and relocation program for mall merchants. The campus includes the Washburne Culinary Institute. Groundbreaking for the new, 40 acre campus occurred on November 9, 2005, and it opened in 2007.

Digital images of Englewood can be found in Explore Chicago Collections, a digital repository made available by Chicago Collections archives, libraries and other cultural institutions in the city.

Englewood has a community parade every year, which is geared towards preparing it's deserving youth for a new school year. The Englewood Back To School Parade is held annually every 3rd Saturday in August. The parade was founded by Willie Pittman in 1961. https://englewoodparade.org/. Mr. Pittman is also known as the first black Plumber to be licensed in the City of Chicago and Pittman Plumbing still exists today.

Demographics
In 2000, Englewood had a poverty rate of 44%, substantially higher than the overall poverty rate in Chicago of 20%.

Based on census data collected by the city of Chicago in 2008–2012, the poverty rate for Englewood is 46.6% of households below poverty and 28% of people 16 years of age and older are unemployed.

In 1960, Englewood had 67,216 African American residents who made up about 69% of its population. At the time most African Americans resided around 63rd Street. At the time the median income of Englewood was $5,579 ($ adjusted for inflation).

By 1980, the total population was 62,069, a loss of about 30,000 people in two decades; 99% of the people were black, and the white population was down to 818. Edward McClelland of NBC Chicago stated "Not even ethnic cleansing in the Balkans achieved the levels of turnover that white flight in Chicago did."

These communities have among the highest incidents of adolescent violence in the city, creating serious safety and public health concerns.

Transportation
Halsted Street is a major thoroughfare in the neighborhood.

Both the Red Line (stopping at Garfield and 63rd) and Green Line (stopping at Halsted) run through Englewood, as does the Dan Ryan Expressway (I-90 and I-94).

The railroad junction at Englewood, where Metra (the former Rock Island) crosses Norfolk Southern (the former Pennsylvania) has long been a cause of delay. In March 2010 a $133 million reconstruction project was announced which improved operations by replacing the diamond crossing between Metra and NS with an overpass for Metra. The project proposed by Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program (CREATE) was completed in 2014.

Education
Englewood is host to numerous publicly-operated educational institutions. Primary and secondary schools are operated by Chicago Public Schools, while the community has post-secondary educational needs met at the Kennedy–King College, which was relocated to Englewood in 2005 as part of revitalization efforts in the neighborhood. A public high school, Englewood STEM High School, was opened in September 2019 to serve students in the surrounding area.

Politics
The Englewood community area has supported the Democratic Party in the past two presidential elections by overwhelming margins. In the 2016 presidential election, the Englewood cast 8,646 votes for Hillary Clinton and cast 141 votes for Donald Trump (97.11% to 1.58%). In the 2012 presidential election, Englewood cast 12,344 votes for Barack Obama and cast 45 votes for Mitt Romney (99.53% to 0.36%).

Popular culture
In 2018, Australian film director George Gittoes made a documentary about Englewood. The 2019 TV show South Side takes place in the area of Englewood.

Mental health
The Mental Health Impact Assessment (MHIA) emphasizes mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD, and substance abuse. Vacant foreclosed properties often lead to criminal activity, and the amendment aimed to hold banks accountable for security and painting such properties, reducing crime and improving the mental health of affected communities. According to a 2012 mental health impact assessment, Englewood faces various social and economic challenges, including high crime rates and limited access to public services, directly impacting residents' mental health. Community engagement in the MHIA pilot has helped gather input from the community. The findings and recommendations are presented in a policy letter to the Chicago City Council. The proposed amendment to the Vacant Buildings Ordinance was passed, indicating the successful integration of mental health considerations into policy decisions.

Notable people

 * Jamie Foster Brown, magazine publisher, and her sister Stella Foster, who are both entertainment journalists
 * Margaret Bonds, composer, pianist, arranger, and educator.
 * Young Chop, music producer.
 * Derrick Rose, professional basketball player who has played for Chicago Bulls, currently playing for Memphis Grizzlies.
 * Anthony Davis, professional basketball player who has played for the Los Angeles Lakers and New Orleans Pelicans.
 * Bina Deneen, First Lady of Illinois (1905–1913). She resided at 532 West 61st Place until it was destroyed during the "Pineapple Primary".
 * Charles Deneen, 23rd Governor of Illinois (1905–1913) and later United States Senator (1925–1931). He resided at 532 West 61st Place until it was destroyed during the "Pineapple Primary".
 * Lil Durk, rapper, singer, and songwriter. He was raised in Englewood.
 * Kenny Golladay, NFL player.
 * H.H. Holmes, serial killer and con artist who operated a "murder castle" at a corner of South Wallace Avenue and West 63rd Street. He was a resident of Englewood from 1886 to 1894.
 * Jennifer Hudson, singer and actress
 * Richard Hunt, sculptor who served as Commissioner of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American Art from 1980 to 1986.
 * Harold L. Ickes, 32nd United States Secretary of the Interior (1933–1946). He moved to Englewood as a child and attended Englewood High School.
 * Chief Keef, rapper and record producer.
 * Ralph Lewis, actor best known as Austin Stoneman in The Birth of a Nation.
 * Willard Motley, African-American author. He was raised at 350 West 60th Street.
 * Bernie Mac, actor and comedian. He was raised in Englewood near West 69th Street and South Sangamon Street.
 * James Meeks (born 1956), pastor and former member of the Illinois Senate (2003–2013). He was raised in Englewood near West 64th Street and South Laflin Street.
 * William T. Murphy (1899–1978), member of Congress from Illinois's 3rd congressional district (1959–1971). He resided at 6617 South Harvard Avenue during his time in Congress.
 * Morgan F. Murphy, member of Congress from Illinois's 3rd congressional district. He graduated from Leo High School.
 * Lil Reese, rapper
 * Fredo Santana, rapper.
 * Mavis Staples, singer
 * Famous Dex, rapper
 * King Von, rapper

title: Englewood, Chicago


text:
Ronald Waterreus

Ronald Katarina Martinus Waterreus (born 25 August 1970) is a Dutch former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He notably played for PSV Eindhoven and Rangers, before ending his career at New York Red Bulls in the Major League Soccer.

Club career
Born in Lemiers, Limburg, Waterreus started his career in 1992, playing for Roda JC. After joining PSV Eindhoven in 1994 he quickly established himself as one of the best goalkeepers in the Eredivisie, eventually being selected for the Dutch national squad.

After ten seasons as PSV's number one goalkeeper, Waterreus was transferred to Manchester City for one season. He joined SPL side Rangers in 2005 as cover for the injured Stefan Klos, however he quickly established himself as Rangers' first choice goalkeeper. He was also involved in Rangers' historic 2005–06 Champions League run where they reached the knock-out stage for the first time. Waterreus, however, eventually came under fire from Rangers fans following his criticism of the club in a Dutch newspaper, which was misinterpreted by the fans as a result of poor journalism. Waterreus left Rangers on 7 June 2006 having failed to agree a new contract.

He signed a short-term contract with AZ Alkmaar on 4 December 2006, replacing the injured Joey Didulica and Khalid Sinouh in the month of December. In January 2007, he left the club again and agreed to move to New York Red Bulls in Major League Soccer, where he immediately established himself with three clean sheets and another scoreless half to set the record for longest clean sheet streak to begin an MLS career.

International career
Waterreus was on the Dutch national squad at Euro 2004 but he did not get any playing time. He altogether made seven appearances for his country.

Honours
Eredivisie 1996-1997, 1999-2000, 2000-2001 & 2002-2003

KNVB Cup 1995-1996

Johan Cruyff Shield (Super Cup) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002 & 2004

Scottish Premier League 2004–05

Scottish League Cup 2004–05

title: Ronald Waterreus