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Ringvaart

The Ringvaart (known in full as Ringvaart of the Haarlemmermeer Polder) is a canal in the province of North Holland, the Netherlands. The Ringvaart (Dutch meaning "ring canal") is a true circular canal surrounding the Haarlemmermeer polder and forms the boundary of the Haarlemmermeer municipality. Ringvaart is also the name of the dike bordering the canal.

Construction of the canal began in 1839 as the first step to reclaim land from Haarlemmermeer (Dutch for Haarlem's Lake). Thousands of laborers dug a canal through the existing land, as much as possible closely following the lake's contour. But at three locations (Vijfhuizen, Lisserbroek, and Huigsloot), the Ringvaart was dug through peninsulas which thereafter became part of Haarlemmermeer.

In 1845, the canal was completed and the lake could be drained, using the Ringvaart to drain the excess waters. The canal is 61 kilometres (38 mi) long, and 2.4 metres (8 ft) deep. It encloses an area of more than 180 square kilometres (70 sq mi). The removed earth was used to build a ring dike from 30 to 50 metres (30 to 54 yd) wide around the polder.

The Ringvaart is used for commercial and recreational boat traffic. A portion of it forms part of the sailroute from Hollands Diep to the IJsselmeer, passable for ships with masts over 6 meters (20 ft) tall.

Near Roelofarendsveen, the Ringvaart crosses the A4 Highway by means of a navigable aqueduct. It was built in 1961, making it the oldest aqueduct in the Netherlands. In 2006, construction was completed of two new portions: on the east side for crossing new north-bound lanes for the expanded highway; and on the west side for the new HSL-Zuid high-speed railway. The new aqueduct is 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) long.

World Heritage Site
The Pump House Cruquius, which was used to drain the lake, is a Dutch Rijksmonument for the history of the James Watt steam engine within. The Ringvaart, the Cruquius Pump House, the dike itself, and various other components such as aqueducts, bridges and defense bunkers located south of the dike of the Stelling van Amsterdam (Defense line of Amsterdam) are considered a World Heritage Site. The main dike of the Stelling van Amsterdam runs diagonally across the Haarlemmermeer polder and crosses the Ringvaart twice. Fort Vijfhuizen located on the Ringvaart is used for art exhibitions.

title: Ringvaart


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Doris Matsui

Doris Okada Matsui (born Doris Kazue Okada; 松井 佳寿恵, September 25, 1944) is an American politician, who has served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from California's 7th congressional district since 2005. The district, numbered as the 5th from 2005 to 2013 and the 6th from 2013 to 2023, is based in Sacramento.

During her time in Congress, Matsui has been an advocate for healthcare reform, environmental protection, and technology innovation. She is a member of the House Energy and Commerce committee, where she serves as ranking member of the Communications and Technology Subcommittee.

She has authored and co-sponsored several pieces of legislation, including the CHIPS for America Act, legislation that invested $52 billion to reassert American leadership in the strategically important semiconductor industry.

Matsui played a key role in crafting the Affordable Care Act and has led efforts to expand mental health care, telehealth and find cures for rare diseases.

Matsui has been a vocal advocate for disaster preparedness and response, and played a key role in securing over $3 billion in federal funding for the Sacramento region’s flood protection infrastructure. She has secured major investments to rebuild Sacramento’s infrastructure – including funds for regional public transportation and the Sacramento International Airport. She has also supported efforts to combat climate change and promote renewable energy.

Matsui currently serves as one of three House members appointed by the speaker of the House on the Smithsonian Board of Regents.

Before her time in Congress, Matsui worked as a government affairs consultant and served as Deputy Assistant to the President in the Clinton Administration, where she worked with President Clinton to create the first White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in 1999. She also served as a board member for several nonprofit organizations, including the California Museum for History, Women and the Arts, the National Park Foundation and the National Park Foundation.

Early life and career
Matsui was born Doris Okada in the Poston War Relocation Center internment camp in Poston, Arizona, and grew up in Dinuba, in California's Central Valley. While attending the University of California, Berkeley, where she earned a B.A. in psychology, she met her husband. They had one child, Brian.

Doris Matsui was a volunteer on Bill Clinton's 1992 presidential campaign. When he was elected, she served on his transition team. After his inauguration, Matsui was appointed deputy special assistant to the president and deputy director of public liaison, working under Alexis Herman. One of her duties was to work with the Asian American community. She served in the White House from 1993 to 1998. Clinton appointed Matsui to the board of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in September 2000. Later, she became a lobbyist in Washington, representing corporate clients until 2005, when she decided to run for Congress against a field of local Democrats.

Tenure

Matsui's husband, Representative Bob Matsui, died from complications of myelodysplastic syndrome on January 1, 2005, two months after being elected to a 14th term in what was then the 5th district. On January 9, 2005, the day after his funeral, Matsui told supporters she was running for his open seat. In the special election on March 8, 2005, she garnered 68% of the vote and was sworn in for the balance of her husband's term. Press reports said that Matsui won the election before the polls opened, as most votes in the election were absentee ballots, which she won overwhelmingly. Matsui was elected to a full term in 2006 and has been reelected eight more times without serious difficulty. The 7th is the most Democratic district in interior California; it and its predecessors have been in Democratic hands without interruption since 1953.

Matsui voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time in the 117th Congress, according to a FiveThirtyEight analysis.

Women's rights
Matsui is pro-choice and received an endorsement from NARAL. She supports federal health funding that includes abortion funding. Matsui has advocated for access to reproductive health care by funding contraception programs and making them readily available. She supports emergency contraceptive capabilities in hospitals for rape victims. Matsui opposes restricting minors from traveling across state borders for abortion procedures. She has voted to continue stem cell research. Matsui opposed the overturning of Roe v. Wade. She called the decision "devastating" and said she was "deeply heartbroken and angered" by it.

On March 8, 2021, on the second anniversary of the U.S. women's national soccer team's pay discrimination lawsuit, Matsui and Rosa DeLauro introduced the Give Our Athletes Level Salaries (GOALS) Act, to ensure the U.S. women's national soccer team was "paid fair and equitable wages compared to the U.S. Men's team". The GOALS Act threatens to cut federal funding for the 2026 World Cup if the U.S. Soccer Federation does not comply.

Technology
As Ranking Member of the House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, Matsui has been recognized for her leadership on issues related to technology and innovation.

She chairs the Congressional Spectrum Caucus and has worked to promote the deployment of next-generation wireless technologies,stressing the importance of maintaining a healthy spectrum pipeline. Matsui has worked on policies that support access to reliable, affordable, high-speed broadband for families and students, and authored legislation to close the divide on digital equity and access.

Energy and the environment
Matsui is a member of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce and co-chairs the Sustainable Energy and Environment Coalition (SEEC).

Matsui supports American energy independence and desires that the U.S. run on at least 25% renewable energy by 2025. Matsui opposes the expansion of oil production, offshore drilling offshore drilling, and subsidies for oil and gas exploration. She voted to provide tax subsidies for investment in renewable, alternative sources of energy.

Matsui supports initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable infrastructure, providing tax incentives for clean energy, and reducing harmful emissions. She has spoken out in support of the robust tax incentives and credits through the Inflation Reduction Act.. Matsui was a supporter of the Clean Water Act and seeks cleaner beaches, lakes, and other bodies of water. She voted to allow the EPA to regulate greenhouse gasses and promote strict limits to pollution levels for industries. Matsui supports strong emission standards for light and heavy duty vehicles, supports the California Clean Air Act waiver, and has urged the EPA to set stringent emission standards.

LGBTQ+ rights
Matsui is a vocal advocate for gay rights and was given a rating of 100% by the HRC. She opposes discrimination in the workplace and in schools based on sexual orientation. She supported the repeal of don't ask, don't tell and sought the reinstatement of gay soldiers who had been discharged from the military.

Gun control
Matsui seeks to expand gun control and supports stricter regulations on gun purchases and sales. She supports banning large-scale purchases of ammunition and seeks to end the gun show loophole. Matsui supports firearms manufacturers being held responsible for product misuse cases and lawsuits.

Health care
In a discussion about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Matsui said that as "more Americans get to know and understand the law, and feel its effects in their lives, the less the public will want to see us take steps back to the broken health care system we have experienced for decades in this country." She has opposed many attempts to repeal, reduce, or privatize Medicare or Medicaid. In addition, Matsui has sought to expand medical coverage to children and the mentally ill. She voted against patients being denied treatment for non-emergency issues without a Medicare copay.

Matsui seeks to expand mental and behavioral health services, authoring the Excellence in Mental Health Act, which was signed into law by President Obama in 2014. The Excellence in Mental Health Act established a network of Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics across the country.

She co-chairs the Rare Disease Congressional Caucus, whose work seeks to expand access to care for patients with rare and ultra-rare diseases. Matsui supports the expansion of telehealth, authoring the Telemental Health Care Access Act. She has supported efforts to expand digital health platforms in her district.

Taxes and pensions
Matsui supports a progressive tax system and seeks to shut down offshore loopholes for business. She voted against continuing capital gains and dividend tax breaks. She supports extending AMT exemptions which benefit higher-income taxpayers in states like California with high state income taxes.

Matsui favors continuing Social Security as it is now, and has opposed moves to privatize it or allow citizens the option to have alternative retirement funds. She also opposes raising the retirement age.

Committee assignments
For the 118th Congress:
 * Committee on Energy and Commerce
 * Subcommittee on Communications and Technology (Ranking Member)
 * Subcommittee on Energy, Climate, and Grid Security

Caucuses and other memberships

 * Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
 * Sustainable Energy and Environment Coalition (SEEC), Co-Chair
 * Congressional Food Allergy Research Caucus, Co-Chair
 * Rare Disease Congressional Caucus, Co-Chair
 * Congressional High-Tech Caucus, Co-Chair
 * Congressional Spectrum Caucus, Co-Chair
 * National Service Congressional Caucus, Co-Chair
 * Congressional Caucus to Cure Blood Cancers and Other Blood Disorders, Co-Chair
 * House Democratic Caucus Task Force on Aging and Families, Co-Chair
 * Smithsonian Board of Regents
 * Congressional Mental Health Caucus
 * Democratic Women's Caucus
 * Congressional Equality Caucus
 * Gun Violence Prevention Task Force

Personal life
Matsui has one son, Brian. She has two grandchildren. On April 11, 2020, Matsui married AES Corporation co-founder Roger Sant.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Doris Matsui


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Lamoille, Nevada

Lamoille is a rural census-designated place in Elko County in the northeastern section of the state of Nevada in the western United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 276. It is located 19 mi southeast of Elko at the base of the Ruby Mountains at an elevation of 5889 ft and is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The early history of the community and surrounding area is summarized in a nearby highway marker:

''LAMOILLE VALLEY - Because heavy use denuded the grass from the main Fort Hall route of the California Emigrant Trail along the Humboldt River, many emigrants left the river near Starr Valley. They skirted the East Humboldt Range and the Ruby Mountains along a Shoshone Indian path, rested their livestock in Lamoille Valley, and returned to the Humboldt River.''

''John Walker and Thomas Waterman first settled the area in 1865. Waterman named the valley after his native Vermont. In 1868, Walker erected the Cottonwood Hotel, store and blacksmith shop in the valley, and the settlement became known as "The Crossroads." Here wagons were repaired and food and supplies could be obtained. The original buildings and the more recent 20-bedroom Lamoille hotel, creamery, flour mill and dance hall are gone.''

Lamoille is nestled off the western flanks of the Ruby Mountains at the end of Nevada State Route 227, and is the principal gateway to this range via the National Forest Scenic Byway up Lamoille Canyon. In 1907 a small church was constructed on the east side of the community, and is still in use today.

Former Disney president and good friend of Clint Eastwood, Frank Wells, died in a helicopter crash here in the Nevada Ruby Mountains.

title: Lamoille, Nevada


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/American Western Dialect

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 01:08, Mar 4, 2005 (UTC)

American Western Dialect
is more vandalism disguised as original research pretending to be a credible article. I propose deletion; I have warned the anonymous IP. Daniel Quinlan 22:09, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

May be it should be modified? I am not a specialist, but look here -  There is a big description of various dialects, with references.
 * Delete. This looks like another incarnation of the "Californian Dialect" that was previously listed on VfD. — J3ff 00:12, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, original research/essay. Megan1967 01:59, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: the topic belongs under American_English, which is thin on western dialects but already has a much more competent discussion. NathanV 14:55, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Mahmoud Darwish

Mahmoud Darwish (مَحمُود دَرْوِيْش; 13 March 1941 – 9 August 2008) was a Palestinian poet and author who was regarded as Palestine's national poet.

In 1988, Darwish wrote the Palestinian Declaration of Independence, which was the formal declaration for the creation of a State of Palestine. Darwish won numerous awards for his works. In his poetic works, Darwish explored Palestine as a metaphor for the loss of Eden, birth and resurrection, and the anguish of dispossession and exile. He has been described as incarnating and reflecting "the tradition of the political poet in Islam, the man of action whose action is poetry." He also served as an editor for several literary magazines in Israel and the Palestinian territories. Darwish wrote in Arabic, and also spoke English, French, and Hebrew. Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian National Poet.jpg
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Biography
Mahmoud Darwish was born in 1941 in al-Birwa in the Western Galilee, the second child of Salim and Houreyyah Darwish. His family were landowners. His mother was illiterate, but his grandfather taught him to read. During the Nakba, his village was captured by Israeli forces and the family fled to Lebanon, first to Jezzine and then Damour. Their home village was razed and destroyed by the IDF to prevent its inhabitants from returning to their homes inside the new Jewish state.

A year later, Darwish's family returned to the Acre area in Israel, and settled in Deir al-Asad. Darwish attended high school in Kafr Yasif, two kilometers north of Jadeidi. He eventually moved to Haifa. Though Israel's 1952 citizenship law granted citizenship to Palestinian Arabs in Israel, Darwish and his family were never granted citizenship, being considered residents rather than citizens of Israel.

He published his first book of poetry, Asafir bila ajniha, or "Wingless Birds," at the age of 19. He initially published his poems in Al Jadid, the literary periodical of the Israeli Communist Party, eventually becoming its editor. Darwish was a member of Rakah, the Israeli Communist Party. Later, he was assistant editor of Al Fajr, a literary periodical published by the Israeli Workers Party (Mapam).

Darwish left Israel in 1970 to study in the Soviet Union (USSR). He attended the Lomonosov Moscow State University for one year. Later, he moved to Cairo in 1971 where he worked for al-Ahram daily newspaper.

When he joined the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) in 1973, he was banned from reentering Palestine. In Beirut, in 1973, he edited the monthly Shu'un Filistiniyya (Palestinian Affairs) and worked as a director in the Palestinian Research Center of the PLO. In the wake of the Lebanon War, Darwish wrote the political poems Qasidat Beirut (1982) and Madih al-zill al'ali (1983). Darwish was elected to the PLO Executive Committee in 1987. In 1988 he wrote a manifesto intended as the Palestinian people's declaration of independence.

In 1993, Darwish resigned from the PLO Executive Committee, in opposition to the Oslo accords. He later recounted: "All I saw in the agreement was an Israeli solution to Israeli problems and that the PLO had to perform its role in solving Israel’s security problems."

In 1995, he returned to attend the funeral of his colleague, Emile Habibi, receiving a permit to remain in Haifa for four days. Due to leaving the PLO, he was allowed to live in the West Bank and moved to Ramallah.

Darwish was twice married and divorced. His first wife was the writer Rana Kabbani. After they divorced, in the mid-1980s, he married an Egyptian translator, Hayat Heeni. He had no children. The "Rita" of Darwish's poems was a Jewish woman whom he loved when he was living in Haifa; he revealed in an interview with French journalist Laure Adler that her name is Tamar Ben-Ami. The relationship was the subject of the film Write Down, I Am an Arab by filmmaker Ibtisam Mara'ana.

Darwish had a history of heart disease, suffering a heart attack in 1984. He had two heart operations, in 1984 and 1998.

His final visit to Israel was on 15 July 2007, to attend a poetry recital at Mt. Carmel Auditorium in Haifa. There, he criticized the factional violence between Fatah and Hamas as a "suicide attempt in the streets."

Literary career
Over his lifetime of 67 years, Darwish published more than 30 volumes of poetry and eight books of prose. At one time or another, he was editor of the periodicals Al Jadid, Al Fajr, Shu'un Filastiniyya, and Al Karmel. He was also one of the contributors of Lotus, a literary magazine financed by Egypt and the Soviet Union.

By the age of seventeen, Darwish was writing poetry about the suffering of the refugees in the Nakba and the inevitability of their return, and had begun reciting his poems at poetry festivals. Seven years later, on 1 May 1965, when the young Darwish read his poem "Bitaqat huwiyya" ["Identity Card"] to a crowd in a Nazareth movie house, there was a tumultuous reaction. Within days the poem had spread throughout the country and the Arab world. Published in his second volume "Leaves of Olives" (Haifa, 1964), the six stanzas of the poem repeat the cry "Write down: I am an Arab." His 1966 "To My Mother" became an unofficial Palestinian anthem, and his 1967 poem "A Soldier Dreams Of White Lilies" about a conversation with a young Shlomo Sand as an Israeli soldier stirred debate due to its portrayal of the Israeli soldier. Darwish's poems were translated into Danish and published in various publications, including Politisk Revy.

Darwish's early writings are in the classical Arabic style. He wrote monorhymed poems adhering to the metrics of traditional Arabic poetry. In the 1970s he began to stray from these precepts and adopted a "free-verse" technique that did not abide strictly by classical poetic norms. The quasi-Romantic diction of his early works gave way to a more personal, flexible language, and the slogans and declarative language that characterized his early poetry were replaced by indirect and ostensibly apolitical statements, although politics was never far away.

In the 1970s, "Darwish, as a Palestinian poet of the Resistance committed himself to the ... objective of nurturing the vision of defeat and disaster (after the June War of 1967), so much so that it would 'gnaw at the hearts' of the forthcoming generations." Darwish addressed the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in Ward aqall [Fewer Roses] (1986) and "Sa-ya'ti barabira akharun" ("Other Barbarians Will Come").

According to the Israeli author Haim Gouri, who knew him personally, Darwish's Hebrew was excellent. Four volumes of his poetry were translated into Hebrew by Muhammad Hamza Ghaneim: Bed of a Stranger (2000), Why Did You Leave the Horse Alone? (2000), State of Siege (2003), and Mural (2006). Salman Masalha, a bilingual Arabic-Hebrew writer, translated his book Memory for Forgetfulness into Hebrew.

Darwish was impressed by the Iraqi poets Abd al-Wahhab Al-Bayati and Badr Shakir al-Sayyab. He cited Arthur Rimbaud and Allen Ginsberg as literary influences. Darwish admired the Hebrew poet Yehuda Amichai, but described his poetry as a "challenge to me, because we write about the same place. He wants to use the landscape and history for his own benefit, based on my destroyed identity. So we have a competition: who is the owner of the language of this land? Who loves it more? Who writes it better?"

Death

Mahmoud Darwish died on 9 August 2008 at the age of 67, three days after heart surgery at Memorial Hermann Hospital in Houston, Texas. Before surgery, Darwish had signed a document asking not to be resuscitated in the event of brain death. According to Ibrahim Muhawi, the poet, though suffering from serious heart problems, did not require urgent surgery, and the day set for the operation bore a symbolic resonance. In his Memory for Forgetfulness, Darwish centered the narrative of Israel's invasion of Lebanon and 88-day siege of Beirut on 6 August 1982, which was the anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima. A new bomb had been deployed, which could collapse and level a 12-storey building by creating a vacuum. Darwish wrote: "On this day, on the anniversary of the Hiroshima bomb, they are trying out the vacuum bomb on our flesh and the experiment is successful." By his choice of that day for surgery, Muwahi suggests, Darwish was documenting: "the nothingness he saw lying ahead for the Palestinian people."

Early reports of his death in the Arabic press indicated that Darwish had asked in his will to be buried in Palestine. Three locations were originally suggested; his home village of al-Birwa, the neighboring village Jadeida, where some of Darwish's family still resides, or in the West Bank city of Ramallah. Ramallah Mayor Janet Mikhail announced later that Darwish would be buried next to Ramallah's Palace of Culture, at the summit of a hill overlooking Jerusalem on the southwestern outskirts of Ramallah, and a shrine would be erected in his honor. Ahmed Darwish said "Mahmoud doesn't just belong to a family or a town, but to all the Palestinians, and he should be buried in a place, where all Palestinians can come and visit him."

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas declared three days of mourning to honor Darwish and he was accorded the equivalent of a State funeral. A set of four postage stamps commemorating Darwish was issued in August 2008 by the PA.

Arrangements for flying the body in from Texas delayed the funeral for a day. Darwish's body was then flown from Amman, Jordan for the burial in Ramallah. The first eulogy was delivered by Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas to an orderly gathering of thousands. Several left-wing Knesset members attended the official ceremony; Mohammed Barakeh (Hadash) and Ahmed Tibi (United Arab List-Ta'al) stood with the family, and Dov Khenin (Hadash) and Jamal Zahalka (Balad) were in the hall at the Mukataa. Also present was the former French prime minister and poet Dominique de Villepin. After the ceremony, Darwish's coffin was taken in a cortege at walking pace from the Mukataa to the Palace of Culture, gathering thousands of followers along the way.

On 5 October 2008, the International Literature Festival Berlin held a worldwide reading in memory of Mahmoud Darwish.

Israeli-Palestinian peace process
Darwish opposed the Oslo Accords.

Despite his criticism of both Israel and the Palestinian leadership, Darwish believed that peace was attainable. "I do not despair," he told the Israeli newspaper Haaretz. "I am patient and am waiting for a profound revolution in the consciousness of the Israelis. The Arabs are ready to accept a strong Israel with nuclear arms – all it has to do is open the gates of its fortress and make peace."

Darwish rejected accusations of antisemitism: "The accusation is that I hate Jews. It's not comfortable that they show me as a devil and an enemy of Israel. I am not a lover of Israel, of course. I have no reason to be. But I don't hate Jews." Darwish described Hebrew as a "language of love." He considered himself to be part of the Jewish civilization that existed in Palestine and hoped for a reconciliation between the Palestinians and the Jews. When this happens, "the Jew will not be ashamed to find an Arab element in himself, and the Arab will not be ashamed to declare that he incorporates Jewish elements."

Hamas
In 2005, outdoor music and dance performances in Qalqiliya were suddenly banned by the Hamas-led municipality, with authorities saying that such events were forbidden by Islam. The municipality also prohibited the playing of music in the Qualqiliya zoo. In response, Darwish warned that "There are Taliban-type elements in our society, and this is a very dangerous sign."

In July 2007, Darwish visited Israel for the first time in over 35 years and spoke at an event sponsored by the Hadash party. In his speech, he expressed his dismay because Hamas had recently defeated Fatah in the Gaza civil war and taken complete control of Gaza: "We woke up from a coma to see a monocolored flag (of Hamas) do away with the four-color flag (of Palestine)." Additionally, he criticized the ongoing conflict between Hamas and Fatah as "a public attempt at suicide" and a barrier to Palestinian statehood: "Gaza won its independence from the West Bank. One people now have two states, two prisons."

Legacy and Impact
Darwish is widely perceived as a Palestinian symbol and a spokesman for Palestinians. Darwish's work has won numerous awards and been published in 20 languages. A central theme in Darwish's poetry is the concept of watan or homeland. The poet Naomi Shihab Nye wrote that Darwish "is the essential breath of the Palestinian people, the eloquent witness of exile and belonging..."

The Mahmoud Darwish Foundation was established on 4 October 2008 as a Palestinian non-profit foundation that "seeks to safeguard Mahmoud Darwish's cultural, literary and intellectual legacy." The foundation administers the annual "Mahmoud Darwish Award for Creativity" granted to intellectuals from Palestine and elsewhere. The inaugural winner of the prize, in 2010, was Egyptian novelist Ahdaf Soueif.

"Those Who Pass Between Fleeting Words"
In 1988, one of his poems, "Those Who Pass Between Fleeting Words", was angrily cited in the Knesset by Yitzhak Shamir. Written during the First Intifada, the poem includes the text: "Live anywhere but do not live among us... and do not die among us". It was interpreted by many Jewish Israelis as demanding that they leave the 1948 territories, although Darwish said that he meant the West Bank and Gaza. Adel Usta, a specialist on Darwish's poetry, said the poem had been misunderstood and mistranslated. Poet and translator Ammiel Alcalay wrote that "the hysterical overreaction to the poem simply serves as a remarkably accurate litmus test of the Israeli psyche ... (the poem) is an adamant refusal to accept the language of the occupation and the terms under which the land is defined."

Israeli curriculum
In March 2000, Yossi Sarid, the Israeli education minister, proposed that two of Darwish's poems be included in the Israeli high school curriculum. Prime Minister Ehud Barak rejected the proposal on the grounds that the time "is not ripe" to teach Darwish in schools. It has been suggested that the incident had more to do with internal Israeli politics in trying to damage Prime Minister Ehud Barak's government than with poetry. With the death of Darwish, the debate about including his poetry in the Israeli school curriculum was re-opened in 2008.

"Although it is now technically possible for Jewish students to study Darwish, his writing is still banned from Arab schools. The curriculum used in Arab education is one agreed in 1981 by a committee whose sole Jewish member vetoed any works he thought might 'create an ill spirit'."

"Identity Card"
In July 2016 a controversy erupted over the broadcasting of Darwish's poem "Bitaqat hawiyya" ("Identity Card") on Israeli radio station Galei Tzahal. Written in 1964, it includes the lines: “Write down on the top of the first page: / I do not hate people / And I do not steal from anyone / But if I starve / I will eat my oppressor’s flesh / Beware, beware of my starving / And my rage."

Israeli defence minister Avigdor Lieberman condemned the broadcast in a statement, stating that "according to this same logic," the radio station could “glorify during a broadcast the literary marvels of Mein Kampf".

Music
Many of Darwish's poems were set to music by Arab composers, among them Marcel Khalife, Reem Kelani, Majida El Roumi and Ahmad Qa'abour. The most notable are "Rita and the Rifle," "I lost a beautiful dream," "Birds of Galilee" and "I Yearn for my Mother's Bread." They have become anthems for at least two generations of Arabs. In the 1980s, Sabreen, a Palestinian music group in the 1948 territories, recorded an album including versions of Darwish's poems "On Man" and "On Wishes."

The composer Marcel Khalife was accused of blasphemy and insulting religious values, because of his song entitled "I am Yusuf, oh my father," which he based on Darwish's lyrics, and which cited a verse from the Qur'an. In this poem, Darwish shared the pain of Yusuf (Joseph), who was rejected by his brothers and fear him, because he is too handsome and kind. "Oh my father, I am Yusuf / Oh father, my brothers neither love me nor want me in their midst." Darwish presents the story of Joseph as an allegory for the rejection of the Palestinians by the Israelis.

Tamar Muskal, an Israeli-American composer, incorporated Darwish's "I Am From There" into her composition "The Yellow Wind," which combines a full orchestra, Arabic flute, Arabic and Israeli poetry, and themes from David Grossman's book The Yellow Wind.

In 2002, Swiss composer Klaus Huber completed a large work entitled "Die Seele muss vom Reittier steigen...", a chamber music concerto for cello, baritone and countertenor that incorporates Darwish's "The Soul Must Descend from its Mount and Walk on its Silken Feet."

In 2008, Mohammed Fairouz set selections from State of Siege to music. In his third symphony Poems and Prayers of 2012, in addition to the lyrics of Mahmoud Darwish, poems by the Arab poet Fadwa Touqan and the Israeli poet Yehuda Amichai are sounded.

In 2009 Egin, a patchanka band from Italy, published a song setting the poem "Identity Card" to music.

In 2011, the Syrian composer Hassan Taha created the musical play "The Dice Player", based on the poems and lyrics of Mahmoud Darwish. Their premiere took place at the experimental Center for Contemporary Music Gare du Nord in Basel, Switzerland.

In 2014, Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho set Darwish's poem "The Last Train Has Left" (from the collection Fewer Roses) within her work for baritone and orchestra True Fire, "a profound, important work" according to the L.A. Times.

Inspired by the attempted suppression of Khalife's composition "I am Yusuf, oh my father," the Norwegian singer-songwriter Moddi composed a fresh melody to the poem. The song is titled "Oh my father, I am Joseph," from his 2015 album Unsongs.

In 2016, his poem "We Were Without a Present" served as the basis for the central song, "Ya Reit" by Palestinian rapper Tamer Nafar in the film "Junction 48". Additionally, one of his poems was read as part of Nafar's speech during the Ophir Awards.

In 2017, his poem "Think of Others" was set to music by a South African artist and 11-year old Palestinian youth activist, Janna Jihad Ayyad.

In 2017, British musician Roger Waters set to music an English translation of Darwish's "Lesson From the Kama Sutra (Wait for Her)" on his album Is This the Life We Really Want? in a song titled "Wait for Her."

Film
In 1997, a documentary entitled Mahmoud Darwish was produced by French TV, directed by French-Moroccan director Simone Bitton.

Darwish appeared as himself in Jean-Luc Godard's Notre Musique (2004).

In 2008 Darwish starred in the five-screen film id – Identity of the Soul from Arts Alliance Productions, in which he narrates his poem "A Soldier Dreams of White Lilies" along with Ibsen's poem "Terje Vigen." Id was his final performance. It premiered in Palestine in October 2008, with audiences of tens of thousands. In 2010, the film was continuing an international screening tour.

 (2011), a Syrian television series directed by Najdat Anzour that tells the biography of Darwish

Awards and Honours

 * Lotus Prize for Literature (1969; from the Afro-Asian Writers' Association)
 * Lenin Peace Prize (1983; from the USSR)
 * The Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters (1993; from France)
 * The Lannan Foundation Prize for Cultural Freedom (2001)
 * Al Owais Award (2002–2003)
 * Prince Claus Awards (2004)
 * "Bosnian stećak" (2007)
 * Golden Wreath of Struga Poetry Evenings (2007)
 * The International Forum for Arabic Poetry prize (2007)
 * The Argana International Poetry Prize (2008; from Morocco)
 * Syria: Grand Cordon of the Order of Civil Merit of the Syrian Arab Republic
 * Tunisia: Grand Cordon of the National Order of Merit of Tunisia
 * Algeria: Commander of the National Order of Merit
 * France: Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

Poetry

 * Asafir bila ajniha (Wingless birds), 1960
 * Awraq Al-Zaytun (Leaves of olives), 1964
 * Bitaqat huwiyya (Identity Card), 1964
 * 'Asheeq min filasteen (A lover from Palestine), 1966
 * Akhir al-layl (The end of the night), 1967
 * Yawmiyyat jurh filastini (Diary of a Palestinian wound), 1969
 * Habibati tanhad min nawmiha (My beloved awakens), 1969
 * al-Kitabah 'ala dhaw'e al-bonduqiyah (Writing in the light of the gun), 1970
 * al-'Asafir tamut fi al-jalil (Birds are Dying in Galilee), 1970
 * Mahmoud Darwish works, 1971. Two volumes
 * Mattar na'em fi kharif ba'eed (Light rain in a distant autumn) 1971
 * Uhibbuki aw la uhibbuki (I love you, I love you not), 1972
 * Jondiyyun yahlum bi-al-zanabiq al-baidaa'  (A soldier dreaming of white lilies), 1973
 * Complete Works, 1973. Now al-A'amal al-jadida (2004) and al-A'amal al-oula (2005).
 * Muhawalah raqm 7 (Attempt number 7), 1974
 * Tilka suratuha wa-hadha intihar al-ashiq (That's her image, and that's the suicide of her lover), 1975
 * Ahmad al-za'tar, 1976
 * A'ras (Weddings), 1977
 * al-Nasheed al-jasadi (The bodily anthem), 1980. Joint work
 * The Music of Human Flesh, Heinemann 1980, Poems of the Palestinian struggle selected and translated by Denys Johnson-Davies
 * Qasidat Bayrut (Ode to Beirut), 1982
 * Madih al-zill al-'ali (A eulogy for the tall shadow), 1983
 * Hissar li-mada'eh al-bahr (A siege for the sea eulogies), 1984
 * Victims of a Map, 1984. Joint work with Samih al-Qasim and Adonis in English.
 * Sand and Other Poems, 1986
 * Hiya ughniyah, hiya ughniyah (It's a song, it's a song), 1985
 * Ward aqall (Fewer roses), 1986
 * Ma'asat al-narjis, malhat al-fidda (Tragedy of daffodils, comedy of silver), 1989
 * Ara ma oreed (I see what I want), 1990
 * Ahad 'asher kaukaban (Eleven planets), 1992
 * Limadha tarakt al-hissan wahidan (Why Did You Leave the Horse Alone?), 1995. English translation 2006 by Jeffrey Sacks (Archipelago Books) (ISBN 0-9763950-1-0)
 * Psalms, 1995. A selection from Uhibbuki aw la uhibbuki, translation by Ben Bennani
 * Sareer al-ghariba (Bed of a stranger), 1998
 * Then Palestine, 1999 (with Larry Towell, photographer, and Rene Backmann)
 * Jidariyya (Mural), 2000
 * The Adam of Two Edens: Selected Poems, 2000 (Syracuse University Press and Jusoor) (edited by Munir Akash and Carolyn Forche)
 * Halat Hissar (State of siege), 2002
 * La ta'tazer 'amma fa'alta (Don't apologize for what you did), 2004
 * Unfortunately, It Was Paradise: Selected Poems, 2003. Translations by Munir Akash, Caroyln Forché and others
 * al-A'amal al-jadida (The new works), 2004. A selection of Darwish's recent works
 * al-A'amal al-oula (The early works), 2005. Three volumes, a selection of Darwish's early works
 * Ka-zahr el-lawz aw ab'ad (Almond blossoms and beyond), 2005
 * The Butterfly's Burden, 2007 (Copper Canyon Press) (translation by Fady Joudah)

Prose

 * Shai'on 'an al-wattan (Something about the homeland), 1971
 * Youmiat muwaten bala watan (Diary of a Citizen without a Country), 1971, translated as The Palestinian Chalk Circle
 * Wada'an ayatuha al-harb, wada'an ayuha al-salaam (Farewell, war, farewell, peace), 1974
 * Yawmiyyat al-hozn al-'aadi (Diary of the usual sadness), 1973 (Turkish translation, 2009 by Hakan Özkan)
 * Dhakirah li-al-nisyan (Memory for Forgetfulness), 1987. English translation 1995 by Ibrahim Muhawi
 * Fi wasf halatina (Describing our condition), 1987
 * al-Rasa'il (The Letters), 1990. Joint work with Samih al-Qasim
 * Aabiroon fi kalamen 'aaber (Bypassers in bypassing words), 1991
 * Fi hadrat al-ghiyab (In the presence of absence), 2006
 * Athar alfarasha (A River Dies of Thirst: journals), 2009 (Archipelago Books) (translated by Catherine Cobham)

title: Mahmoud Darwish


text:
Nezumi Kozō

Nezumi Kozō (鼠小僧) is the nickname of Nakamura Jirokichi (仲村次郎吉), a Japanese thief and folk hero who lived in Edo (present-day Tokyo) during the Edo period.

His exploits have been commemorated in kabuki theatre, folk songs, jidaigeki, and modern pop culture.

Capture and tattoo
In 1822, he was caught and tattooed, and banished from Edo. On August 8, 1831, he was captured again, and confessed to the burglary of over 100 samurai estates and the impressive theft of over 30,000 ryō throughout his 15-year career. He was tied to a horse and paraded in public before being beheaded at the Suzugamori execution grounds. His head was then publicly displayed on a stake. He was buried at Ekō-in located in the Ryōgoku section of Tokyo. So many pilgrims have chipped away pieces of his tombstone for charms that his headstone has had to have been replaced a number of times since his death.

Background
At the time of the arrest, Jirokichi was found to have very little money. This, combined with the public humiliation he dealt out to the daimyō, resulted in the popular legend that he gave the money to the poor, turning the petty crook into a posthumous folk hero similar to Robin Hood. The fact that he died alone, serving his wives with divorce papers just prior to arrest in order to protect them from sharing in the punishment as the law decreed, further enhanced his stature.

Nickname
Jirokichi's nickname Nezumi Kozō roughly means "Rat Kid".

The word nezumi means "rat" or "mouse" and kozō translates to "kid, brat". The term kozō is a somewhat pejorative word for any young male.

. In actuality, even though the nickname containing the term kozō was frequently applied to pickpockets, there are many other instances where it became the epithet of other types of criminals.

Media

 * Nezumi, Edo wo hashiru: a Japanese television series relating the adventures of Nezumi Kozo, with Hideaki Takizawa in the main part.
 * In the video game Persona 5, the main character is shown wearing a T-shirt referencing the year of his birth and there is a pop quiz question related to his execution.
 * In an episode of Lupin III Part 2, Nezumi Kozō's fourth descendant, named Rat Boy Jirokichi IV, teams up with Goemon Ishikawa XIII to pull off a heist in the Sakuradamon Police Station.

title: Nezumi Kozō


text:
Visual literacy

Visual literacy is the ability to interpret, negotiate, and make meaning from information presented in the form of an image, extending the meaning of literacy, which commonly signifies interpretation of a written or printed text. Visual literacy is based on the idea that pictures can be "read" and that meaning can be discovered through a process of reading.

Historical background
The notion of visual literacy has been around for quite some time. Classical and Medieval theories of memory and learning, for instance, placed a strong emphasis on how the visual format of words and lines affected the ordering of information in the mind. During the Enlightenment new emphasis was placed on training the senses through print and manuscript technologies in a way that benefitted the rising middle class. In addition to learning to read visual material like tables and figures, many schoolchildren learned how to write and draw in graphic patterns that made their notes more accessible and easier to access. By the nineteenth century visual literacy was a core component of the national educations systems that were emerging in Europe and North America, with educational reformers like Sir John Lubbock arguing for visual tools like diagrams and models to be used in the classroom.

Modern visual literacy
Although there are previous well documented uses of the term "visual literacy" between the late 30s and early 60s, the term it is usually credited to John Debes, co-founder of the International Visual Literacy Association. In 1969 Debes offered a tentative definition of the concept: "Visual literacy refers to a group of vision-competencies a human being can develop by seeing and at the same time having and integrating other sensory experiences." A white paper drawn up in January 2004, defines visual literacy as "understanding how people perceive objects, interpret what they see, and what they learn from them". However, because multiple disciplines such as visual literacy in education, art history and criticism, rhetoric, semiotics, philosophy, information design, and graphic design make use of the term visual literacy, arriving at a common definition of visual literacy has been contested since its first appearance in professional publications.

Since technological advances continue to develop at an unprecedented rate, educators are increasingly promoting the learning of visual literacies as indispensable to life in the information age. Similar to linguistic literacy (meaning-making derived from written or oral human language) commonly taught in schools, most educators would agree that literacy in the 21st century has a wider scope. Educators are recognizing the importance of helping students develop visual literacies in order to survive and communicate in a highly complex world.

Many scholars from the New London Group such as Courtney Cazden, James Gee, Gunther Kress, and Allan Luke advocate against the dichotomy of visual literacy versus linguistic literacy. Instead, they stress the necessity of accepting the co-presence of linguistic literacies and visual literacies as interacting and interlacing modalities which complement one another in the meaning making process.

Visual literacy is not limited to modern mass media and new technologies. The graphic novel Understanding Comics by Scott McCloud discusses the history of narrative in visual media. Also, animal drawings in ancient caves, such as the one in Lascaux, France, are early forms of visual literacy. Hence, even though the name visual literacy itself as a label dates to the 1960s, the concept of reading signs and symbols is prehistoric.

Visual literacy is the ability to evaluate, apply, or create conceptual visual representations. Skills include the evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of visual representations, to improve shortcomings, to use them to create and communicate knowledge, or to devise new ways of representing insights. The didactic approach consists of rooting visualization in its application contexts, i.e. giving the necessary critical attitude, principles, tools and feedback to develop their own high-quality visualization formats for specific problems (problem-based learning). The commonalities of good visualization in diverse areas, and exploration of the specificities of visualization in the field of specialization (through real-life case studies).

Visual literacy standards for teaching in higher education were adopted by the Association of College & Research Libraries in 2011. They were "developed over a period of 19 months, informed by current literature, shaped by input from multiple communities and organizations, reviewed by individuals from over 50 institutions, and approved by 3 ACRL committees and the ACRL Board of Directors".

Education
There are many different formats of visual literacy and also many different ways of teaching students how to interpret visual literacy. Questions to be asked when looking at visuals can be "What is going on in this photograph?" and "What comes to mind when you first look at this photograph?". This allows students to begin the analyzing process. When looking at visuals, students should be able to see, understand, think, create and communicate graphically. In order to do all, the student must always carefully observe.

Film director Martin Scorsese emphasizes how children should begin developing visual literacy skills at an early age. This involves exploring how ideas and emotions are expressed and the use of lighting to create an emotional or physiological point. He explains how there is a need for children to understand these concepts. Visual literacy is taught in many schools and is becoming a more popular subject throughout the years. With technology, images and visual presentations are flourishing more than ever.

title: Visual literacy


text:
Maurice Delage

Maurice Charles Delage (13 November 1879 – 19 or 21 September 1961) was a French composer and pianist.

Life and career
Maurice Charles Delage was born and died in Paris. He first worked as a clerk for a maritime agency in Paris, and later as a fishmonger in Boulogne. He also served for a time in the French army, before embarking on a music career in his twenties. A student of Ravel, who proclaimed him one of the supreme French composers of his day, and member of Les Apaches, he was influenced by travels to India and Japan in 1912, when he accompanied his father on a business trip. Ravel's "La vallée des cloches" from Miroirs was dedicated to Delage.

Delage's best known piece is Quatre poèmes hindous (1912–1913). His Ragamalika (1912–1922), based on the classical music of India, is significant in that it calls for prepared piano; the score specifies that a piece of cardboard be placed under the strings of the B-flat in the second line of the bass clef to dampen the sound, imitating the sound of an Indian drum.

Selected works

 * Poèmes symphoniques

 * Conté par la mer (1908)
 * Les Bâtisseurs de ponts (1913) after Rudyard Kipling
 * Overture to Ballet de l'avenir (1923)
 * Contrerimes (1931), orchestration of pieces for piano
 * Bateau ivre (1954) after the poem by Arthur Rimbaud
 * Cinq danses symphoniques (1958)

 * Chamber music

 * String quartet (1949)
 * Suite française for string quartet (1958)

 * Mélodies (voice and piano)

 * Trois mélodies (1909)
 * Ragamalika, chant tamoul (1914)
 * Trois poèmes (1922)
 * Ronsard à sa muse (1924)
 * Les Colombes (1924)
 * La Chanson de ma mie (1924)
 * Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1924)
 * Sobre las Olas (1924) on a poem by Jean Cocteau
 * Toute allégresse (1925) on a poem by Paul-Jean Toulet

 * Mélodies (voice with instrumental ensemble)

 * Quatre poèmes hindous (1912)
 * Sept haï-kaïs (1924) for soprano and chamber orchestra (to be sung without a break between songs)
 * 1)  Préface du Kokinshū (tanka by Ki no Tsurayuki), dedicated to Mrs. Louis Laloy ;
 * 2)  Les herbes de l’oubli…, dedicated to Andrée Vaurabourg (future spouse of Arthur Honegger) ;
 * 3)  Le coq…, dedicated to Jane Bathori (première performer of the work) ;
 * 4)  La petite tortue…, dedicated to Mrs. Fernand Dreyfus (the mother of Roland-Manuel) ;
 * 5)  La lune d’automne…, dedicated to Suzanne Roland-Manuel (the spouse of Roland-Manuel) ;
 * 6)  Alors…, dedicated to Denise Jobert (the daughter of the editor) ;
 * 7)  L’été…, dedicated to Georgette Garban.
 * Deux fables de La Fontaine (1931), Le Corbeau et le Renard, and La Cigale et la Fourmi
 * Trois chants de la jungle (1934) after Kipling
 * In morte di un samouraï (1950) on a collection of haïkaïses and tankas by Pierre Pascal
 * Trois poèmes désenchantés (1955)

 * Music for solo piano

 * Schumann... (1918)
 * Contrerimes (1927)

title: Maurice Delage


text:
Wayne Lessard

Wayne Lessard (born January 12, 1956) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a New Democratic Party Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) from 1990 to 1995, and again from 1997 to 1999.

Background
Lessard was educated at the University of Windsor, and worked as a barrister and solicitor. In 1986, he has operated a private law practice specializing in workplace safety, real estate, criminal defence and other matters. He also served as an Assistant Crown Attorney and legal counsel for the Corporation of the City of Windsor.

Politics
He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1990 provincial election, defeating incumbent Liberal Mike Ray by over 4,000 votes in the riding of Windsor—Walkerville. The NDP won its first majority government in this election. Lessard was appointed as parliamentary assistant from 1990 to 1995.

The NDP were defeated in the 1995 provincial election, and Lessard lost his seat to Liberal Dwight Duncan by 380 votes. He returned to the legislature two years later after winning a by-election in Windsor—Riverside, called after the resignation of Dave Cooke.

The province's electoral boundaries were radically altered between 1995 and 1999, and in the 1999 provincial election Lessard was forced to face Dwight Duncan again in the new riding of Windsor—St. Clair. Despite having the support of the Canadian Auto Workers, he lost by more than 4,000 votes.

After politics
Lessard returned to his legal practice in Windsor for a short time and then became a Prosecutor for the City of Windsor.

title: Wayne Lessard


text:
McClintock

 McClintock is a surname of Scottish and Irish Gaelic origin deriving from an anglicization of a Gaelic name variously recorded as  M'Ilandick, M'Illandag, M'Illandick, M'Lentick,  McGellentak, Macilluntud,  McClintoun, and Mac Illiuntaig from the 14th century onward. The name is found mostly in County Donegal. The surname "McClinton" is an anglicization of the same Gaelic name. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Anne McClintock (born 1954), feminist scholar in Zimbabwe
 * Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), American scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Medicine
 * Barbara McClintock (illustrator) (born 1955), American artist
 * Byron McClintock (1930–2022), American Abstract Expressionist artist
 * Charles B. McClintock (1886–1965), American politician from Ohio
 * Cynthia McClintock (born 1945), prominent American scholar of Latin America and professor of political science and international affairs
 * Dan McClintock (born 1977), American professional basketball player
 * David McClintock (1913–2001), English natural historian, botanist, horticulturist and author
 * Eddie McClintock (born 1967), American actor
 * Elizabeth McClintock (1912–2004), American botanist
 * Emory McClintock (1840–1916), American actuary
 * Francis Leopold McClintock (1819–1907), Irish explorer
 * Frank McLintock (born 1939), Scottish footballer
 * Frank A. McClintock (1921–2011), Professor of Mechanical Engineering, MIT
 * Harry McClintock (1882–1957), American musical composer
 * Herbert McClintock (1906–1985), Australian social realist artist
 * James H. McClintock (1864–1934), American author
 * Jessica McClintock (1930–2021), American clothing designer
 * John McClintock (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Jonas R. McClintock (1808–1879), American politician
 * Kenneth McClintock (born 1957), Puerto Rican politician
 * Martha McClintock (born 1947), American psychologist
 * Norah McClintock (born c. 1965), Canadian author
 * Peter V. E. McClintock (born 1940), British physicist
 * Poley McClintock (1900–1980), American musician
 * Rembrandt McClintock (born c. 1900), Australian lithographer
 * Ronald McClintock (1892-1922), British World War I flying ace
 * Steven McClintock (born 1953), American musician
 * Tom McClintock (born 1956), American politician (California)
 * William McClintock (disambiguation), multiple people

title: McClintock


text:
Kemble, Gloucestershire

Kemble is a village in the civil parish of Kemble and Ewen, in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, England. Historically part of Wiltshire, it lies 4 mi from Cirencester and is the settlement closest to Thames Head, the source of the River Thames. In 2020 it had an estimated population of 940. At the 2011 census the parish had a population of 1,036.

Governance
The village lies in Kemble electoral ward of Cotswold District Council, which stretches from Somerford Keynes to the south-east over to Rodmarton in the north-west. The ward population recorded in the 2011 census was 1,955.

Church and history
Kemble was the site of a 7th-century pagan, Anglo-Saxon cemetery. The village church today has a Norman door and a tower dating from 1250, to which a spire was added in 1450. The full restoration in 1872 included bringing here brick by brick the chapel of ease at nearby Ewen, to form a new south transept.

Kemble Church is part of the Thameshead benefice, covering the congregations of Kemble, Ewen, Poole Keynes, Somerford Keynes, and Shorncote. The benefice since 2001 also includes Coates, Rodmarton, Sapperton, Tarlton and Frampton Mansell.

Air facilities
Cotswold Airport (previously known as Kemble Airport) on the edge of the village hosted the RAF Red Arrows aerobatic display team from 1966 until 1983. After the Red Arrows moved to RAF Scampton, the station was used by the US Air Force as a maintenance facility.

The airfield today is used by light industry, flying clubs and private aircraft owners, for events including two annual air displays, and for scrapping and storage of airliners. The firm Delta Jets rebuilds, maintains and flies historic jet aircraft, particularly Hawker Hunters. The Bristol Aero collection had a museum at the airfield until 31 May 2012.

Aston Down airfield, 3 mi to the north-west, formerly belonged to the RAF but is now used for gliding by the Cotswold Gliding Club.

Amenities
Kemble railway station is on the Golden Valley Line, served by eastbound Great Western Railway trains to Swindon and London Paddington, and westbound services to Gloucester and Cheltenham Spa. Kemble was once a railway junction. The branch lines from Cirencester and Tetbury were dismantled in the 1960s.

Kemble Primary School has about 100 pupils. The pub, The Tavern, is next to the station. The village also has a combined post office and local store.

title: Kemble, Gloucestershire


text:
User talk:Kross/Archive

From your recent edits to List of films about possessed or sentient inanimate objects and Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation you appear to be under a misapprehension about the movie title: it is, indeed, Colossus: The Forbin Project and not Colossus: The Forbidden Project, since the computer was the brainchild of Dr Forbin. -- Arwel 22:29, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Whoops. I thought Forbidden made more sense, but Google confirms it's Forbin. Just a tad embarrassing.--Kross 22:51, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * :) Don't worry - I've just reverted all your other outstanding edits, though other people had already caught some of them! -- Arwel 23:02, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Culture of Turkey
Thanks for some of your work on Culture of Turkey :) --VivaEmilyDavies 01:04, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

My pleasure, M'Lady. :) --Kross 03:28, Apr 1, 2005 (UTC)

swwiki notice
This notice simply serves no purpose at all. It doesn't add any informational content to the page itself, and it doesn't call for any editing action to be taken on the page (as opposed to a "cleanup" notice or a "vote for deletion" notice). If you want to make a copy of it, go ahead and make a copy of it or make several copies of it and distribute it wherever you want under the GFDL, on Wikimedia sites or elsewhere. It would only take a few seconds to do so. It makes no sense at all to try to place a notice on the page indefinitely... are you waiting for someone else to show up and do this copying you suggest? If this is simply a stealthy way of suggesting the page ought to be deleted as fancruft (moved rather than copied), well that won't do... you'd need to nominate it for Vfd. -- Curps 00:26, 10 May 2005 (UTC)

Just to add to this, if you really want to add the Swwiki template, which really isn't necessary given that you can copy whatever article you like to the SW wiki, could you please add it to the talk page of the article so that it does not distract from the article? All articles tagged with the swwiki template can be seen at Category:Star_Wars_Wiki_candidates. It is unlikely that the information from any of these articles will be deleted due to the Wikipedia semi policy WP:FICT. -- Lochaber 13:27, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

First off, I didn't create the template. Second, I wasn't the first person to add the tag to those pages. Someone else did. I simply readded them after they were removed. Third, why would I want to delete pages that I've worked on and improved several times before? --Kross 19:30, May 12, 2005 (UTC)

Comic Book Guy
Your "rewording" of Comic Book Guy in the List of recurring characters from the Simpsons seems to consist of deleting the entire section. If there is "his own page", then where? Comic Book Guy redirects back to the list. If there isn't, then the section has to be reinserted. — J I P | Talk 17:27, 11 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Fixed the redirects. Knew I forgot something. --Kross 17:33, May 11, 2005 (UTC)

Invite to the Wookieepedia

 * On that note of articles being copied to the Star Wars Wiki, or as many have come to call it, Wookieepedia, I believe you may be of some use to it. We need great contributors like yourself to provide a source of SW information, albeit a much better one than the Wikipedia can provide.

The link is Wikicities:c:StarWars. Hope to see you there.

-- Riffsyphon1024 20:26, May 16, 2005 (UTC)

Aayla Secura
I did not actually move it back. Someone else had done it already. All I did was redirect Aayla Securato the list of minor jedi characters when I saw the entry on WP:DA.Phils 13:56, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

You should try an calm down about this matter. I also did not put in Aayla she was in fact duplicated along with many others. This is a very busy article and can often get into an unintentional mess. MeltBanana 21:52, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

Kyle Katarn
No problems, I've been meaning to find a decent picture for a long while. Yesterday I've got a hold of DFII and cheated myself through all levels until I had all FMV clips available. Of all, the one with him and the lightsaber looked the most appropriate. I should now try to get a better screen from Jedi Academy, or a better one for Jan Ors from the DFII FMVs. wS

NPA
Please read No personal attacks. --W(t) 04:36, 2005 Jun 8 (UTC)

Mandalores
Hmm... Maybe deleting/redirecting all the three of them was a little too much? Although... indeed they didn't contain any valuable info. Maybe just add the succession boxes to the list? - Sikon 13:58, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Vote for deletion alert
I see from the page history for Cut Ending to Knights of the Old Republic II that you once edited it. I thought you would like to know that there is a VfD on that page now at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion/Cut_Ending_to_Knights_of_the_Old_Republic_II. Please stop in there and comment on this vote! --maru 15:53, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

61.2.234.166
I've blocked him for 24 hours. RickK 00:05, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

Sith succession (we'll never get that straightened out, it seems)
You recently reverted an edit to Andeddu about Darth Millenial. By sheer coincidence, this very day I came across a reference to Millenial in an essay by a Wikipedian named Publius who has been a solid source, and completely accurate as far as my SW knowledge permits checking, in his essay on Palpatine here (scroll down to the last paragraph of Friends and Allies). This isn't enough to confirm it, we might need to ask Publius his sources, but perhaps it would be wiser to be less hasty reverting in the future while we are unsure. --maru 03:41, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * 'Course, this means that somebody'll have to dig up Millenial's origins and whip up an article, else we'll have a known gap in our succession. --maru 14:49, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Kaja Sinis
Google shows that he was indeed the first Jedi, although I initially thought it was vandalism. --Sikon 07:18, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Sik, did you carefully check out the Google links? All of the English results on the first page of Google results, if you look closely, bear SuperShadow marks (ex. one, in the form of a FAQ, seems legit, untill you notice an entry for "Darth Rage"), which makes me much more than a little suspicious. --maru 16:49, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The origins of the Jedi Order are a mystery. Hell, no one even knows which planet the order was founded on.  Its SuperShadow nonsense.--Kross 17:54, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kross/Archive


text:
Muneeza Shamsie

Muneeza Shamsie (born 1944) is a Pakistani writer, critic, literary journalist, bibliographer and editor. She is the author of a literary history Hybrid Tapestries: The Development of Pakistani English Literature (Oxford University Press) and is the Bibliographic Representative of The Journal of Commonwealth Literature .

Shamsie is a regular contributor to the Dawn newspaper, as well as the Herald and Newsline magazines mostly on literary affairs; and also for the online Literary Encyclopedia.

Her memoir essays have appeared in 50 Shades of Feminism edited by Lisa Appignanesi, Rachel Holmes and Susie Orbach (Virago, 2013), Moving Worlds: 13.2  Postcolonial South Asian Cities  and The Critical Muslim., The Journal of Postcolonial and Commonwealth Studies: Special Pakistan Issue .

Life and career
Muneeza Shamsie was born in Lahore, British India (now Pakistan). Her family migrated to Karachi, Pakistan at partition in 1947. Her Oxford-educated father, Isha'at Habibullah (1911–1991), a company executive in a British firm, played a leading role in developing the corporate sector in the newly created Pakistan and became the first Pakistani to head a multi-national company in the country. Her mother, Jahanara Habibullah (1915–2003) is the author of a memoir, first published as an English translation and later, in the original Urdu as Zindagi ki Yadein: Riyasat Rampur ka Nawabi Daur

Shamsie grew up in a home where books and the written word were a part of family life. Her aunt was the noted feminist and writer Attia Hosain (1913–1998). Shamsie's grandmother in Lucknow, feminist and activist, Begum Inam Fatima Habibullah was the author of a travelogue Tassiraat-e-Safar-Europe. The travelogue is about her journey to Britain in 1924 with her husband, Sheikh Mohammed Habibullah, OBE, a Taluqdar of Oudh, and their visit with their sons at Clifton College. Shamsie was sent away to school in England at the age of nine, and has written a memoir essay, "A Tale of Two Childhoods: Colonial and Post-colonial" in The Journal of Postcolonial and Commonwealth Studies 16.1, in which she juxtaposes her father's experience of England with her own, a generation later, and their respective adjustment to their homelands on their return. In the essay, she writes of being a boarder at Wispers School in Sussex and near Midhurst when she joined and moved to West Dean near Chichester in 1958. She took Chemistry, Biology and History in her A-Levels and wanted to pursue a career in science - then discovered there were no careers for women scientists in Pakistan - in fact, Pakistan had few career opportunities for women at all, except education and medicine.

All this while, in England Shamsie had become very aware of the acutely limited and stereotyped images of the sub-continent in English literature, culture and film. On her return to Pakistan, she realized how little she knew or understood about her country and she started to look for answers in the genre she loved best: fiction. V.S. Naipaul, Khushwant Singh, Ahmed Ali, Mumtaz Shahnawaz, Zulfikar Ghose — and of course Attia Hosain — were among the early post-independence writers she read. Soon she came to know and attended readings by, a new young generation of English language poets in Pakistan who were forging a new contemporary Pakistani English literature. In the introduction to her literary history Hybrid Tapestries she describes how her interest in writing and books, developed from the personal view to the professional view when she started to write freelance for the Dawn Magazine Supplement in 1982. This enabled her to keep track of new developments in creative and critical writings which were given further context when she was sent by the British Council to attend the 1999 Cambridge Seminar on the Contemporary British Writer. All these influences emerge in the three anthologies that she has compiled and edited and ultimately her literary history, Hybrid Tapestries: The Development of Pakistani Literature in English, which marks her out as the leading authority on Pakistani English literature today.

As a freelance journalist, however, she has also written on a wide range of subjects, including archaeology, art, architecture, development, environment and women's issues. She is a founding member of a Karachi hospital, The Kidney Centre and a Life Member of The Association of Children With Emotional and Learning Problems (ACELP), and she did voluntary work teaching music and mime at ACELP's school in the 1970s.

She is on the International Advisory Board of Journal of Postcolonial Writing and has guest-edited two of its Special Issue Volume 47 Issue 2, 2011: Beyond Geography: Literature, Politics and Violence in Pakistan; and Volume 52 Issue 2, 2016: Al-Andalus.

She is on the Advisory Committee of the DSC Prize for South Asian Literature and served as a 2013 jury member. From 2009 to 2011, she served as regional chair (Eurasia) for The Commonwealth Writers Prize

She is editor of three pioneering anthologies of Pakistani English literature, of which the US edition of And the World Changed Contemporary Stories by Pakistani Women received the Gold IPPY award and the Bronze Foreword Award in the United States.

Personal life
In 1968, Muneeza Shamsie married Syed Saleem Shamsie, a company executive, and they have two daughters, the novelist Kamila Shamsie, and the children's writer, Saman Shamsie

Books

 *  Hybrid Tapestries: The Development of Pakistani Literature in English (2017) ISBN 978-0-19-940353-0

Books edited

 * A Dragonfly in the Sun: An Anthology of Pakistani Writing in English (1997), ISBN 0-19-577784-0
 * Leaving Home: Towards A New Millennium: A Collection of English Prose by Pakistani Writers (2001), ISBN 0-19-579529-6
 * And The World Changed: Contemporary Stories by Pakistani Women (2005), ISBN 81-88965-23-5
 * And The World Changed: Contemporary Stories by Pakistani Women (2008) (US edition), ISBN 978-1-55861-580-9

title: Muneeza Shamsie


text:
User talk:Brian0918/Archive 01

Welcome!
Hello Brian, and welcome to Wikipedia. Re: the encyc. Frobozzia : more Zork information is a good thing! But it should be in the form of neat, structured encyclopedia articles, not random links to original sources. It will be excellent to have the original in Wikisource, and to have articles about Encyclopedia Frobozzia, the Zork Universe, etc.

"That is, if someone searches for 'Belwit' or 'Belwit Flathead', they would automatically be redirected to the actual entry about Belwit Flathead in the Wikisource EF article"

Redirection to original content is not our goal. When someone searches for these terms, they should not find a stub-article, or an original-source article (Wikipedia is not the place for original content), but a contextualized discussion of, say, Belwit Flathead. That would not be in an article devoted solely to B.F., but in a broader article with enough depth to mature into a good read, and with internal links to other Zork and EF content.

Cheers, (and looking forward to a wikisource update) +sj +  20:28, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Wow! This comment was published for a long time! 70.70.22.133 (talk) 08:06, 26 November 2022 (UTC)

Your restore on Creationism
The measure of a man is what he will do for his adversaries. --Gary D 21:56, Nov 22, 2004 (UTC)

Mouse bat follicle et al.
Yes, as a matter of fact. I understand you want us to help you sell your washing powder... -- Wapcaplet 23:57, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Acoma Pueblo
Yeah, I noticed Acoma was pointing to the wrong place too, but forgot to change it. I'm curious - were most pages which referred to Acoma referring to the Pueblo itself, or were nearby villages included in the link context? I ask because according to what I have read, about 50 people live in the Pueblo proper, but nearly 3000 people live on the federal trust land surrounding the pueblo. I'm considering creating the article for Acoma Pueblo, but if you feel strongly and would like to, I found quite good information from Encyclopedia Britannica (subscription only), New Mexico Magazine (www.nmmagazine.com/NMGUIDE/acoma.html), and the US Census Bureau (here). -ABQCat 21:53, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I noticed the problem because I was going to put a satellite photo of the mesa on the Acoma Pueblo page (which doesn't exist). It looked most or all of the links were talking about the pueblo, not about the surrounding land (and definitely not about the city in MN.  You can start a page if you want to, I'm not particularly good at encyclopedic writing.  If you do create a page, add this template in for some cool picture links:  --[[User:Brian0918|brian0918 talk]] 22:04, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

34.89641°N, -107.58158°W

 * I created the article - feel free to look through it and change anything you like. --ABQCat 22:51, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Terrific find on the Ansel Adams picture of Acoma Pueblo. I had seen some similar pictures, but none included copyright information, so I went with the dusty and old 1899 variety. When (eventually) I get some time, I'm going to work at bringing in a bit of information from a few of those sites I listed on the talk page - but for now it's final exam studying time. --ABQCat 20:43, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I listed a "few" more sources on the talk page, books and sites. I also just got done turning in my last final for the semester.  Now I get to spend my break filling out grad school applications and working on my senior project. :(  [[User:Brian0918|brian0918 talk]] 22:04, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

There is but ONE
I will CRUSH all imposters.

(err... yes it is me) --ZayZayEM 02:12, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Btrieve
Have attempted to fix the introduction. What do you think? - Ta bu shi da yu 14:44, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Hey, thanks for doing the copyedit! I've also done a much better lead section which I think is more focused on Btrieve itself. I now only have to add information about Btrieve for NT as well as Btrieve for Pervasive.SQL 7 & Pervasive.SQL 8. What do you think? - Ta bu shi da yu 07:39, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

You
Is your name Brian Pohanko? — Nathanlarson32767 | (Talk) 01:08, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Probably not. --[[User:Brian0918|brian0918 talk]] 01:12, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

American Civil War
I notice you've added a lot of categories under Category:Battles of the American Civil War. Most of them are empty. Do you plan to write all the articles implied by this structure in the near future? Gdr 01:48, 2004 Dec 24 (UTC)

 * I've been following the structure laid out by WikiProject Battles, and recategorizing the articles accordingly. This will take some time.  As for battle articles that haven't been created yet, I may get to them some time, but I was planning on simply completing the entire American Civil War battle structure for future ease.  --brian0918™ 01:51, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I think you've misunderstood one of the recommendations in WikiProject Battles. The name "Battles of the X Campaign of the Y War" is preferred over "Y War Battles of the X Campaign", but World War II and Vietnam are exceptions to this that no-one has yet had the enthusiasm to change. But that's not a big deal, we can live with a bit of inconsistency. My main concern is that these categories will sit empty for a long time and just make it hard for people to find the article they want when browsing the categories. Surely, the time to make a Category:American Civil War cavalry operations along the Rappahannock is when you have three or four articles about such operations and the parent category is looking crowded. I think it will be many years before we have that kind of level of detail, if ever.

 * You might want to look at, say, Category:Battles of World War I. Logically speaking we might eventually need a Category:Battles of the Gorlice-Tarnow campaign of World War I ... but since we don't even have an article on the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes it would seem a bit premature to make such a category. People have made sub-categories as needed, and I think that makes the WWI battle categories easier to browse than the American Civil War battle categories. Gdr 02:10, 2004 Dec 24 (UTC)

 * I didn't know that WWII and Vietnam were exceptions. I was going simply by the examples they gave in the WikiProject, which seemed fine.  I do think that the categories are necessary, even if they remain blank.  Not only do they encourage people to add to wikipedia, but they also allow one to understand the timeframe of the battle/campaign as well as other events in the war.  Also, by creating all of the categories now, I am encouraging people in the future to put them in the proper category, instead of a generic list of battles category.  --brian0918™ 02:15, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * You might want to take a look at Categories for deletion for the kind of debate that goes on about categories. In particular, see Categories for deletion for a proposal to delete an elaborate scheme of categories that was never populated. Don't be surprised if someone proposes to delete your categories on the grounds that they don't have any articles in them. However, I wish you good luck with your work on the Civil War articles. Drop me a line when Category:American Civil War cavalry operations along the Rappahannock has three or four articles in it; I will be interested to read them. Gdr 12:13, 2004 Dec 28 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, I wrote the paragraph above without checking to see what you did. Please accept my apologies. Gdr 15:06, 2004 Dec 28 (UTC)

Virginia map 1858-59
Sure, and congrats on the Battle of Hampton Roads featured article! It is my second, and with several failure, I can attest that it is not easy to accomplish. The map came from the library of Virginia website. They have 4 old state-sponsored maps of the entire state (on-line), one done around 1827?, and then a revision put out in 1858-59. The on-line version has ability to zoom sections, etc. You can get a lot more detail if desired. I used the later, multi part version, and zoomed in to get the Hampton Roads area as it was presented just before the Civil War. I have read both dates in various places (1858-59).

Here is the link: http://lvaimage.lib.va.us/cgi-sid/local_image.cgi?ox=0&oy=0&filename=/BPW/maps/712-4.sid&referer=http://lvaimage.lib.va.us/BPW/indexes/711-712.html&title=++STATE+MAPS+OF+VIRGINIA.+1827,1859.+&res=3&size=12&part=1&fullwidth=4602&fullheight=2981&parts=0

In case that long link doesn't work, go to Library of Virginia, the maps you want are in the Board of Public Works Collection, under County and sate Maps, near the end. http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/gov/bpw.htm

I am also interested in other Virginia Civil War activities, and have a good book on the Peninsula Campaign (To the Gates of Richmond, by Stephen W. Sears.

I prefer to work on content items, so let's stay in touch and maybe we can collaborate? Let me know how the Library of Virginia things goes, I'll be glad to help if needed.

Again, congratulations on the Battle of Hampton Roads. Vaoverland 05:53, Dec 26, 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi, you got the wrong guy.. I wrote the Brandy Station Foundation article, not the Battle of Hampton Roads one..   — Nathanlarson32767  (Talk) 05:57, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I think the box at the top of User talk:Brian0918 needs to be corrected. Vaoverland 06:05, Dec 26, 2004 (UTC) Brian0918

 * Oops.. hehe. I copied the box template from his talk page, but never changed the name to mine... --brian0918™ 06:12, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

revised map
Your map does a much better job than the one I found. I just updated the article on George B. McClellan. Vaoverland 07:16, Dec 26, 2004 (UTC)

Civil war
Hi. I uploaded a lot of maps about the civil war to Commons:Category:American Civil War maps. Please check if there are any you could use -- Chris 73 Talk 01:19, Dec 30, 2004 (UTC)

Civil War
It looks as the two of us share a common interest in civil war battles. I am in the process of writing new articles on various civil war battles and adding content to existing articles. Judging by the amount of red links on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_the_American_Civil_War there is a lot of work to be done. If you need any help along the way I would be more the willing to help out. 578 17:50, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I haven't had much of an interest in the civil war until recently. It started with editing the Battle of Hampton Roads article (which recently became a Feature Article), and I noticed that the campaignboxes for the civil war were nonexistent... so, after some work, I made all of Wikipedia:WikiProject Battles/Campaignboxes#American Civil War those, and moved on to putting battleboxes on all the existing battle page, along with public domain pictures when available. Right now, I'm working on a US map showing which counties were involved in the civil war, color coded for the theater and year of battle. This could... take some time... hehe...

 * As for creating new articles, I highly recommend this site (http://www2.cr.nps.gov/abpp/battles/bycampgn.htm). Let me know what new battle articles you create, and I can add battleboxes, find public domain photos, and properly Category:Battles of the American Civil War categorize them for you. Because that site is public domain, you could, if you wanted to, just copy and paste the content from the site, with some proper rewording. --brian0918™ 17:59, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * that site is a great site i have already used it for a couple of articles. But bassicly what im doing is just going down the Battles of the America Civil War page and creating new articles as i come across them. Today so far i have finished the Battle box for Battle of Decatur and i am working on the nartive....about your map its a great idea, and yes its going to take quite along time. heh 578 18:09, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * thanks for the links...Ok i will look there now for maps on the battle of Fort Blakely.

New Battle pages
Battle of Decatur has been completed. Will add a map later today. 578 18:24, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Battle of Athens has been completed. 578 19:26, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Battle of Fort Blakely Battlebox has been completed, I am working on the narative which might take some time. bakuzjw (aka 578) 20:38, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Battle Map
It looks great a job well done. Just a thought (and i know this would take a long time) but it would be neat if you could click on one of the counties with in the map that would then take you to a list of all the battles that took place in that county. Just a thought. But the map looks great a job well well done. mad props. ps. if this message makes no sense sorry i will rephrase it later i just got back from a LAN party and im my mine is not yet in full gear i just wanted to make sure i didn’t forget about it. 578 18:42, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I dont really know to tell you the truth. im trying to think of someone that might but nothing is coming to my mind. I will ask Neutrality and if he does not know the answer maybe he will be able to point us to someone that might know the answer 578 19:03, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * See . Gdr 00:34, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)

I went to that link and im not quite sure what where supposed to do. Will someone make the image map for the map or dose one of us have to make the image map and then upload the HTML code to someplace on wikipedia (i do know how to program in HTML if it is needed.) 578 02:49, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I think what he's trying to tell us is that Wikipedia doesn't support image maps... yet. If Wikipedia handled images like a normal website, it would be easy, but they don't.  --brian0918™ 02:52, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * ok got it now. Would have been a lot of work but it would have been well worth it, if they ever support image maps it would be a neat thing to try and do though. 578 03:00, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

In reagards to the message you last left....Ok my bad will take that into account in the future. Just to give you a heads up i am currenlty working on Battle of Fort Blakely which might be the my first civil war battle to include a troop movements map. 578 02:54, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks a lot for that picture That was the same one tht i was going to ask for you get get. 578 16:01, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Categories
Nice work on the Civil War battles. Don't forget to put a sort key in the category line: you can see at Category:Battles of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War that they are almost all filed under "B" at the moment! Gdr 00:34, 2005 Jan 1 (UTC)

 * Oops.. I got a little ahead of myself with the copying and pasting. Thanks.  --brian0918™ 01:30, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Battle of Fort Blakely Question
The Battle of Fort Blakely officaly took place over 8 days (april 2-9) however the main attack, and only real attack, on Fort Blakely was on April 9. The total amount of Casualties listed is 4,475 but [| this site] inculdes the casualties resulting from the main attack on April 9. In the battle box i only put these cassulites(the ones from april 9, mainly becuase that was the only real attack). But my question is, is there any way that it could be possible to list the total Casualties number (4,475) with in the battle box. bakuzjw (aka 578) 20:52, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC) This entry was edited to fix spelling and the link bakuzjw (aka 578) 20:55, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Battle of Williamsport
The text at Battle of Williamsport is a copy of. Do you have permission to use it in wikipedia under the GFDL? If you use a text with permission it is a good idea to reference the source on the talk page or in the edit summery. Thue | talk 23:24, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, the text from the article was copied from the original source, this page created by the National Park Service. It should be public domain. I also linked the reference on the article page, under References. --brian0918™ 23:29, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * It is public domain as you say is probable:, and you did link to it under references, so all is good. But I will still maintain that you should have written somewhere that the text was a copy; listing the source as a reference is not the same thing. Thue | talk 23:35, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I've been listing such articles in the talk page for Battles of the American Civil War, stating that they were copied. --brian0918™ 23:38, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * IMO it would be nice to have a quick notice on the individual talk pages or in their page histories. It is not obvious that one has to look for source information at Battles of the American Civil War. Thue | talk 00:00, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * From now on I'll use Source in place of References in the article. --brian0918™ 00:07, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Gettysburg map
That's a pretty lame map of the battle. I understand that you needed one freely available. I have been considering using my map in Gettysburg Battlefield to show each day of the battle separately, so don't be surprised if that change occurs.

BTW, in all these tables you've been adding, why do you omit the state name from the location?

big_hal 15:11, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

On Armenian Genocide
Thanks, Brian, for your message back from a month ago... I learned only today how to communicate with others at Wikipedia, and I don't check in all that often. You had asked me to "fix your statements" ... but I didn't write those statements. I actually have done very little on that page, as there are many "crazies" on this topic, and I didn't feel it fair to go in and perform the revamp the page needs. (Some pro-genocide zealots have done exactly that, feeling free to make extensive changes.) This is why there have been conflicting statements throughout.

I believe someone has made a change already, putting in "between 1.3 and 1.7 million Armenians." In actuality, the range by most "neutral" observers fell between 1 million and 1.5 million. I believe there were 1.5 million, myself.

Thanks for your concern; I can see from this page you are involved in matters of history, and my appreciation goes to those who give priority to the truth, instead of their passions... the same way I'm sure you are as appreciative.

BHR on the main page
I don't know if you knew it was pending, but I am sure you know by now that our Battle of Hampton Roads article is featured on the main page today. I have been working during the past week to get articles started to cover the red links. Coincidentally, last week, on the way to visit a friend at MCV Hospital here in Richmond, I was walking past the Museum of the Confederacy, and paused to brush some of the snow off the anchor of the C.S.S. Virginia which is prominently displayed on the front lawn. I have been enjoying your work on the Peninsula Campaign, etc. You also may enjoy reading the article I started about Otelia B. Mahone, wife of William Mahone. Thanks, (and congrats!). Mark in Richmond. Vaoverland 01:36, Jan 26, 2005 (UTC)

Peninsula Campaign
I noticed that the article on the Peninsula Campaign doesn't have a battlebox or any good links to all the articles on the various Battles. Thoughts (or action)? Vaoverland 22:52, Jan 26, 2005 (UTC)

Python
I can't be arsed re-working it mate. I've heard people like Innes, Cleavland, Booth and Barry Took referred to as the 7th Python at some stage. I think the Pythons themselves named Took, but if you want to re-work it, I won't object and Cleavland probably is most significant.--Crestville 17:07, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Abandoned Civil War categories
The large number of empty, orphaned Civil War categories you created a little while back have come up on Categories for Deletion, at Categories for deletion. If you've abandoned these, as the edit summaries in the random sampling I looked at seem to indicate, please pop over there and mention it so they can be cleared away without concern that they were set up for someone to use them in the near future. Bryan 19:35, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Perforate vs Perforated
What's with the mass editing to remove usage of "perforated"? I'm assuming this is a British vs American usage difference.

In any case, using "perforated" as an adjective is perfectly acceptable according to numerous dictionaries, and these sorts of edits aren't generally welcome, and are usually pedantry. Please see Tutorial_(Keep_in_mind), for example. -- Kaszeta 16:59, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * You asked which dictionary I used, claiming that dictionary.com list perforate as the only adjective. I hereby present, which defines "perforated" as "adj.     Having been perforated."

 * Please, accept "perforated" as common, defined usage and leave it be. Thanks. -- Kaszeta 17:11, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I strongly agree. Princeton's Wordnet also lists "perforated" and cites as an example "a perforated balloon." Likewise, as a common usage example, Google finds 765 hits for "a perforate [x]" and 155,000 hits for "a perforated [x]," implying that the web prefers "perforated" as an adjective 200 to 1. It may be a British vs American usage difference, as Kaszeta suggests above, but articles written in US English, such as Espresso, should remain consistant throughout the article. Thanks, — Asbestos | Talk 17:58, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Note http://www.m-w.com/ agrees that perforate is a verb. You made these changes a bit mechanically... at Postage Stamp the word "perforated" was used as a verb, not as an adjective, so your modification couldn't possibly have been correct. -- Curps 19:34, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

American Heritage Dictionary, 3rd edition, page 1345.

As you can see from the above, in U. S. usage "perforated" is a perfectly good adjective. Your statement that "perforate is the correct adjective, never perforated" is just plain incorrect. Furthermore, in the U. S. the adjective perforated is so much more common than the adjective perforate that to use the latter invites puzzlement and misunderstanding. The adjective perforate is used, but only in limited scientific, medical, and technical contexts. Dpbsmith (talk) 20:59, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

P. S. Before going off and making this kind of wholesale change you should have discussed this somewhere, reached consensus, and included a link to the discussion in your edit comments. Dpbsmith (talk) 21:03, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

P. P. S. It's puzzling to me that under the entry perforate, AHD3 indicates perforate (and only perforate) as the -adj form, and then lists the adjective perforated as a separate entry, without comment or discussion. I wonder whether by any chance you could have consulted a dictionary that did the same thing? Still, I don't see how the definition for "perforated" could possibly be clearer. Dpbsmith (talk) 21:09, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Jubal Early
I reviewed your edits. Interesting photo!

I don't know that it's worth complaining about or fixing, but your thorough capitalization of military ranks does not conform to regular English usage or. You can say "Major General Early," but "Early was promoted to major general."

And what is the point of Wikifying month names such as December?

big_hal 17:26, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Collaboration of the week
Military history of the Soviet Union is this week's Collaboration of the Week. Please contribute to it to help make it a feature article. --AndyL

Mahone
Thanks for fixing the page. I will do a little digging about the missing T. Some of my N&W rail friends may have something on it. I am also working on Otelia B. Mahone (wife), etc. She was apparently a real character. We could use a few more articles on women of that era. Mark in Richmond. Vaoverland 02:18, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Brian0918/Archive 01


text:
Talk:Empress Suiko

Untitled
Ummm...help! I was interested in this page because of the current motion to allow a woman to ascend the throne in Japan, thus taking pressure off the Princess to produce a male heir. Unfortunately, the English on this page is unclear. I'm hoping that someone who knows more about Japanese history than I do can make edits to improve clarity.

title: Talk:Empress Suiko


text:
User:Robofish (usurped)

Hi I am Robofish

title: User:Robofish (usurped)


text: User talk:85.98.38.241

title: User talk:85.98.38.241