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Holographic will

A holographic will, or olographic testament, is a will and testament which is a holographic document, meaning that it has been entirely handwritten and signed by the testator. Holographic wills have been treated differently by different jurisdictions throughout history. For example, some jurisdictions historically required that a holographic will had to be signed by witnesses attesting to the validity of the testator's signature and intent.

In many jurisdictions, holographic wills need to meet only minimal requirements to be valid:
 * In case of doubt, there must be evidence that the testator actually created the will, which can be proved through the use of witnesses, handwriting experts, or other methods.
 * The testator must have had the intellectual capacity to write the will, although there is a presumption that a testator had such capacity unless there is evidence to the contrary.
 * The testator must be expressing a wish to direct the distribution of his or her estate (or parts thereof) to beneficiaries.

In other jurisdictions, holographic wills are only accepted if created in emergency situations, such as when the testator is alone, trapped, and near death. Some jurisdictions that do not generally recognize unwitnessed holographic wills grant exceptions to members of the armed services who are involved in armed conflicts and sailors at sea, though in both cases the validity of the holographic will expires at a certain time after it is drafted.

The format of a holographic will can vary greatly. The Guinness Book of World Records lists the shortest will in history as "Vše ženě" (Czech, "everything to wife"), written on the bedroom wall of a man who realized his imminent death. It was deemed to meet the minimum requirements under Czech inheritance law, being his own work and no one else's. On 8 June 1948, in Saskatchewan, Canada, a farmer named Cecil George Harris who had become trapped under his own tractor carved a will into the tractor's fender. It read, "In case I die in this mess I leave all to the wife. Cecil Geo. Harris." The fender was probated and was deemed valid as his will under Canadian inheritance law. In the U.S. State of Arizona, the postscript to a letter was upheld as a valid holographic will.

Ghana
In Ghana, the Wills Act, 1971, does explicitly recognize holographic wills. Any will, typed or handwritten, can be probated, provided it is in writing, the testator signs at the bottom of the document, and it is signed by at least two witnesses. Active-duty members of the armed forces can create valid handwritten wills without any witnesses, or verbal wills with at least two witnesses.

Namibia
Wills in Namibia are governed by the Wills Act, 1953. This act stipulates that any mentally competent person of at least 16 years of age can execute a will, provided each page is signed by two witnesses who are neither beneficiaries nor executors of the will. In addition to recognizing any valid foreign wills, the act also allows active-duty military personnel to create a "soldier's will", which must be in writing, and which expires one year after the end of the testator's active-duty military service.

South Africa
Wills in South Africa are governed by the Wills Act 7 of 1953, which requires wills to be in written form, with signatures from the testator and two witnesses. Although the Wills Act does not directly provide for holographic wills, the Law of Succession Amendment Act 43 of 1992 allows a court to waive any formal requirements if the court is satisfied the testator intended for a document to serve as their last will and testament. A further exception exists for active-duty military personnel: the only formal requirement for a "soldier's will" is that it needs to be in writing, and it remains valid for up to one year after the end of active-duty military service.

Bangladesh
Holographic wills are referred to as "privileged will" under §65 of the Succession Act, 1925, and are permissible only for military personnel who have reached the age of 18 and are currently on an expedition. Under §66, the privileged will can be executed in writing or orally in front of two witnesses.

Philippines
Holographic wills are permissible under the Civil Code of the Philippines. As per Article 810, the will must be entirely handwritten by the testator, as well as signed and dated. There is no requirement for witnesses.

Austria
Holographic wills in Austria are legally binding, provided the entire will is personally handwritten and signed by the testator; section 578 of the Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Austrian Civil Code) does not require the date or place of composition, although these are "advisable".

Belgium
Holographic wills are explicitly authorized under §4.180 of the Belgian Code civil (Belgique). As per §4.181, the will must be entirely handwritten, dated and signed by the testator.

Denmark
Under §65 of the Danish Inheritance Law (), holographic wills are only permitted as "emergency testaments" ("Nødtestamente") for persons prevented by illness or other emergency from executing a conventional testament. Nødtestamente lapse after three months, unless the illness continued to prevent the testator from preparing a proper will.

Estonia
Holographic wills are permitted under §24 of the Law of Succession. The will must be entirely handwritten. Section 25 of the Law of Succession limits the validity of holographic wills to six months.

France
The Napoleonic Code explicitly allows for holographic wills. To be valid, it must be written in full, dated, and signed by the testator.

Germany
Holographic wills are recognized as valid in Germany under § 2247 of the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, provided the testator is both literate and at least 18 years of age. The testament must be entirely handwritten by the testator, must contain the date and place of composition, and must have the testator's signature at the bottom of the document.

Italy
In Italy, holographic wills are governed by article 602 of the Italian civil code. The will must be entirely handwritten and dated, with the testator's signature at the end of the will.

Latvia
Holographic wills are permitted under the Latvian Civil Code of 1937. The author of the document must write it by hand entirely. The Law will invalidate non-holographic wills by end of 2020, if only the signature is written by hand, and the document has not been presented to a notary.

Moldova
Holographic wills are governed by article 2223 of the Moldovan civil code. Holographic wills are permissible only if the testator is literate. The will must be handwritten and contain the testator's full name, signature, and the date of composition, although a will missing these elements can be accepted if it is otherwise possible to establish its validity. Any alterations must be signed and dated.

Netherlands
Under the Dutch Civil Code a "private act" (onderhandse akte) is permissible but must be signed and deposited with a notary. Limited exceptions exist for members of the military during time of war, or persons aboard a seagoing ship or airplane.

Norway
Norwegian law allows holographic wills only in an emergency. They are valid until the testator has not been prevented from creating a proper will for a period of three months.

Romania
Holographic wills are governed by the Civil Code of Romania. To be valid, a holographic testament must be entirely handwritten, signed, and dated.

Spain
The Civil Code of Spain permits holographic wills under § 688 for persons of legal age. To be valid, the entire will must be handwritten by the testator, accompanied by a signature and date; foreigners may write holographic wills in their own language.

Catalonia
Catalonia, an autonomous community of Spain, permits holographic wills under article 421-17 of its civil code. It must be handwritten, with the testator's signature along with place and date of execution.

Switzerland
Holographic wills are governed by § 505 of the Swiss Civil Code and are valid for mentally sound persons at least 18 years of age. In order to be recognized as valid, a holographic will must be entirely handwritten and must contain the heading "Will"; the name, date of birth, and residence of the testator; a revocation of previous testaments; the provision of statutory entitlements to statutory heirs, such as children, spouse, registered partner, etc.; the place and date of composition; and the signature of the testator.

Ukraine
Under article 1247 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, wills are required to be in writing, with a signature and the indication of place and date of its execution. Wills also must be certified by a notary or other public official. The civil code also allows for persons aboard ships, in penal institutions, on active-duty military service, or in a medical facility to have their testament certified by a person in a position of authority (e.g. ship captain, warden, commanding officer, head physician). In these cases, two witnesses are required to sign the will. These witnesses may not be family members or heirs, and must be competent to read and sign a will.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, unwitnessed holographic wills were valid in Scotland until the Requirements of Writing Scotland Act 1995 which abolished the provision; such wills written after 1 August 1995 are now invalid in England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

Brazil
Holographic wills are permitted under article 1876 of the Brazilian civil code. To be valid, a testament must be fully handwritten and signed by its author, as well as signed by three witnesses. The law also allows for typed wills signed by three witnesses. If a handwritten will does not have the requisite witness signatures, it can be still accepted as valid at the judge's discretion, as per article 1879.

Chile
While article 1011 of the Chilean civil code simply requires wills to be written—without explicitly distinguishing between hand and typewritten—in practice, holographic wills are not permitted.

Article 1027 makes it possible, however, for a foreign holographic will to be valid in matters pertaining to the testator's relationship with Chilean nationals and his or her property in Chile.

Canada
Inheritance law in Canada is constitutionally a provincial matter. The validity of holographic wills is governed by each province or territory.

British Columbia
In British Columbia, wills are governed by the Wills, Estates and Succession Act. Holographic wills are not explicitly permitted by statute; §37 requires that a will be executed in writing with the signature of the testator and two witnesses. However, §58 permits courts to accept wills as valid that do not fulfill the formal validity requirements of the law, provided the court is satisfied the will represents the testamentary intentions of the deceased. The law explicitly allows for electronic documents, as well as handwritten changes to existing wills.

Ontario
Holographic wills are explicitly permitted by law in Ontario. It must be entirely handwritten and signed; no witnesses or formalities are required.

Quebec
In Quebec, a holographic will must be handwritten and signed. It is "preferable" to date it.

Mexico
Holographic wills are permitted under the Mexican Civil Code, Chapter IV. The author must be of legal age. The entire document must be handwritten, signed, and dated by the author; foreigners may prepare holographic wills in their own language. The author must then personally present the original and a copy, each marked with a fingerprint, to the General Archive of Notaries, in a sealed envelope. If the author is not personally known to the person in charge of the office, the author must bring two witnesses. This envelope is only to be opened by the probate judge in the presence of the witnesses and interested parties.

United States
The following states recognize holographic wills made within the state, though witnessing requirements vary: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wyoming.

The following states do not recognize holographic wills made within the state, but recognize such wills under a "foreign wills" provision (i.e., the will was drafted wholly within, and in accordance with and is valid under the laws of, another jurisdiction): Iowa, Louisiana (which refers to it as a "foreign testament" provision. ) Connecticut, Oregon, South Carolina, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Maryland and New York recognize holographic wills only if made by members of the Armed Forces. In both states any such will is void one year after that member's discharge from service "unless the testator ... does not then possess testamentary capacity" under Maryland law and for one year after the testator regains testamentary capacity under New York law. New York also recognizes holographic wills made by mariners at sea.

Indiana and Missouri have no statutes making references to holographic wills.

All other states not listed do not recognize a holographic will in any instance.

Selected excerpts from state statutes in United States jurisdictions that recognize holographic wills: (NOTE: The list is not exhaustive)
 * Louisiana – under the Louisiana Civil Code such a will is known as an "olographic testament," and must be proved by the testimony of two credible witnesses that the testament was entirely written, dated, and signed in the testator's handwriting.
 * Texas – under the Texas Estates Code (which replaced the prior Texas Probate Code), "a will written wholly in the testator's handwriting is not required to be attested by subscribing witnesses." However, a holographic will can be self-proved at creation by the testimony of two witnesses, both of whom must be at least age 14 when the will was formed (similar to a regular will); in addition, "[s]uch a will may be made self-proved at any time during the testator's lifetime by the attachment or annexation thereto of an affidavit by the testator to the effect that the instrument is his last will; that he was at least eighteen years of age when he executed it (or, if under such age, was or had been lawfully married, or was then a member of the armed forces of the United States or of an auxiliary thereof or of the Maritime Service);  that he was of sound mind; and that he has not revoked such instrument."  But if the will was not self-proved, at probate "a will wholly in the handwriting of the testator may be proved by two witnesses to his handwriting, which evidence may be by sworn testimony or affidavit taken in open court, or, if such witnesses are non-residents of the county or are residents who are unable to attend court, by deposition, either written or oral, taken in accordance with Section 51.203 [of the Texas Estates Code] or the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure."
 * Utah – upon clear and convincing evidence proof the decedent possessed intent to make a valid will, signed by the testator with material portions of the document in the testator's handwriting, and describing specific bequests with reasonable certainty. No witnesses required.
 * Virginia – upon clear and convincing evidence proof the decedent possessed intent to make a valid will, signed by the testator, the will must be wholly in the handwriting of the testator (handwriting proven by at least two disinterested witnesses or the will was written in the presence of one disinterested witness if executed before 1922 ).

Australia
Every state or territory has its own laws governing the validity of wills. Holographic wills are not provided for by statute in Australia, but can be accepted at the discretion of a court. Generally, a will must be in writing and signed by the testator as well as by two witnesses. If these requirements are not met, the will is deemed an "informal will". A court can accept an informal will if it is judged to be an authentic representation of the decedent's last wishes. An informal will can "be found in almost any form and made in almost any manner"; in 2017, an "unsent text message with a smiley face" was ruled to be a legally binding will.

Australian Capital Territory
A will must be in writing, signed by the testator, as well as signed by two witnesses. Any will not fulfilling these criteria is an "informal will", which can be accepted by a court as per the Wills Act 1968.

New South Wales
To be valid, wills are governed by section 6 of the Succession Act 2006. This stipulates that for a will to be valid, it must be in writing, and must be signed or acknowledged in the presence of two or more witnesses, who themselves must attest and sign the will. If these conditions are not met, courts can still probate the "informal will" if it is judged that the deceased intended for the document to serve as their last will and testament.

Northern Territory
A will must be written, signed, and dated, with two signatures from witnesses who are not beneficiaries. It is possible for a will that does not meet these conditions to be judged as valid.

Queensland
Wills in Queensland are governed by the Succession Act 1981. A will is required to be in writing with two witnesses. Wills that do not meet these conditions can still be judged to be legally valid. In 2013, a court ruled that a DVD labeled "my will" was legally binding; in 2017, the Supreme Court of Queensland ruled that an unsent text message was a valid will.

South Australia
In South Australia, wills are governed by the Will Act 1936. A will must be in writing and signed by the testator and two witnesses;, and it must appear that the testator intended for the will to be valid. If these conditions are not met, courts can waive these requirements if they are satisfied that a document expresses the testamentary intentions of the decedent. Members of the defense forces or sailors at sea are considered "privileged testators" and can make an oral will.

Tasmania
A will must be in writing, signed, and signed by two witnesses who are not beneficiaries. These requirements can be waived by a court if they are satisfied that the document was intended to serve as a will.

Victoria
For a will to be valid in Victoria, it must be in writing, and signed by the testator and two witnesses. The testator must be of sound mind.

Western Australia
A will must be in writing, dated, and signed by the testator and two witnesses.

Federated States of Micronesia
Holographic wills are permitted, but the handwriting and signature must be verified by two witnesses.

New Zealand
The validity of wills in New Zealand is governed by §11 of the Wills Act 2007. A will must be in writing, signed, and witnessed to be valid. These requirements can be waived if the High Court of New Zealand is satisfied that the testator intended for the document to serve as their will. For active-duty military and "seagoing persons", any informal testament, "written or oral", can be considered valid, provided the court is satisfied that the will represents the decedent's testamentary intentions.

In popular literature
A holographic will is the subject of John Grisham's 1999 legal thriller The Testament, and also his 2013 novel Sycamore Row.

Serving at a Battalion Aid station under heavy enemy fire, Hawkeye Pierce creates a holographic will in the M*A*S*H episode "Where There's A Will, There's A War".

The final episode of the Netflix series House of Cards includes a holographic will as a crucial element of the plot—although if, as is implied, the will was written in a Washington, DC hotel, it would not be legally valid, as local inheritance law generally does not recognize holographic wills.

title: Holographic will


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Bessemer City

Bessemer City may refer to:-

 * Bessemer City, North Carolina
 * SS Bessemer City, a ship wrecked near St. Ives, Cornwall in 1936.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bessemer City


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Talk:Battle of White Mountain

Untitled
Looking for evidence of Christian IV involvement with his first cousin Elizabeth Stuart who was residing in The Hague with her husband Frederick V Elector of the Palatinate (briefly King of Bohemia. Also wish to learn if Capt John Cromwell of England (cousin of Oliver Cromwell, Protector)made a visit to Denmark 1625-1660 and had meeting with King Christian.  My e-mail meredithcrowell@yahoo.com subject Capt John Cromwell.

Was this (or any of the other battles of this war) fought near Závada? I have references that mention such a battle. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 20:28, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I think this all instances of Czech should be replaced by Bohemian, because the army consisted of primarily Bohemians as opposed to Moravians or Silesians. Edwin

The table reads 15000 Bohemian forces, but the text says 30000. Which is correct? Jerekson (talk) 02:55, 10 April 2016 (UTC)

Needs citation
This article is in need of major citation overhaul. I looked up the only cite listed and almost nothing that is in the article is in the citation. If this is a translation of another page, those citations needs to be ported, as well. Lorinhobenson (talk) 20:11, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

POV
For POV concerns see feedback. Ryan Vesey Review me!  22:52, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * What do you mean by feedback? Shouldn't you be explaining your concerns on the talk page so they can be addressed? Rifter0x0000 (talk) 04:22, 31 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Rifter0x0000: I agree with you, and I did check Ryan Vesey's talk page and I found no reference to this article. I am going to go ahead and remove the POV tag because I believe that needs more explanation.  However, I do think it is important to leave the refimprov tag in the article since for one thing it may help clear up POV issues, and for another thing it is true in and of itself that it needs improvement.  Although I am a contributor to WikiPedia, in this case I had no previous knowledge of the Battle of white Mountain, and I really have no POV one way or the other, and from my (self-proclaimed) otherwise disinterested perspective it appears to be a neutral if poorly referenced article.  It does not seem to be particularly pro-Catholic or pro-Protestant, nor somehow implicitly putting Christianity on a pedestal above other religions.  So I see no evidence of neutrality issue, at least as far as the core of what the article is about. Laurentian Shield (talk) 16:38, 22 January 2013 (UTC)

Length of "Protestant Domination of Czech Lands"
The introduction states that the battle ended "two centuries of Protestant Domination of Czech lands." And yet, the battle occurs only about a hundred years after Luther's Ninety-Five Theses. I know that earlier critics of the Church were prominent in Bohemia before Luther, but the term "Protestant" is fairly specific (hence why we capitalize it), and it seems to me to be inappropriate here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.224.43.233 (talk) 15:28, 5 June 2017 (UTC) Correct. There was no "Protestantism" in Bohemia at that time. Not per se. This the culmination o a revolt of a Non-Catholic, but not "Protestant" Bohemians against the Catholic King with allies. It was distinct from the Catholic - Protestant warfare of the following years.

Cluttered infobox
This is what this article's infobox looks like, currently:

An infobox should provide information at a glance. This is just too filled up, here. I know of the important consequences this battle had long after for Czechs/Bohemians, but most of this info should be merged into the Aftermath section, for clarity's sake. Might do so myself, just not right now. 2.247.243.60 (talk) 08:52, 3 September 2018 (UTC)
 * ! agree: too cluttered.Roger 8 Roger (talk) 09:43, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

definite article
It's much better known in English as the Battle of the White Mountain, with a definite article (see e.g. here and here). Somebody might want to do an ngram (I'm not up to it), but in my opinion the article should be moved. GrindtXX (talk) 12:14, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Well, other recent and more fundamental literature on the topic like Wilson's Thirty Years War (2009, p. 303) or Guthrie's Battles of the Thirty Years War (2002) call it Battle of White Mountain like here. Therefore it is debatable which spelling is better known and a decision to move the article is not very likely. Palastwache (talk) 12:48, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of White Mountain


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User talk:AccountManager

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Gamaliel 04:26, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:AccountManager


text:
Beverly Beach

Beverly Beach may refer to:

 * Beverly Beach, Florida
 * Beverley Beach, Maryland
 * Beverly Beach, Oregon
 * Beverly Beach State Park in Oregon

title: Beverly Beach


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Achille Devéria

Achille Jacques-Jean-Marie Devéria (6 February 1800 – 23 December 1857) was a French painter and lithographer known for his portraits of famous writers and artists. His younger brother was the Romantic painter Eugène Devéria, and two of his six children were Théodule Devéria and Gabriel Devéria.

Early life
His father was a civil employee of the navy. Devéria became a student of Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson and Louis Lafitte. In 1822, he began exhibiting at the Paris Salon. At some point, he opened an art school together with his brother Eugène, who was also a painter.

Artistic works
By 1830 Devéria had become a successful illustrator and had published many lithographs in the form of notebooks and albums (e.g., his illustrations to Goethe's Faust, 1828) and romantic novels. He also produced many engravings of libertine contents. [[File:Corset1905_130Fig107.png|alt=|thumb|Fig. 107.

Flatterie de corsetière. — C'est juste la taille de la Venus ! (Deveria).]]

Style
Devéria's experience in the art of the vignette and Mezzotint influenced his numerous lithographs, most of which were issued by his father-in-law, Charles-Etienne Motte (1785–1836). Most of his work consisted of "pseudo-historical, pious, sentimental or erotic scenes". (Wright) Since he rarely depicted tragic or grave themes, he appears less Romantic than many other artists of the time.

His paintings were mainly done using watercolours. The French poet and critic Charles Baudelaire referred to his portrait series as showing "all the morals and aesthetics of the age".

Subjects
Devéria was also known for doing portraits of artists and writers, whom he entertained in his Paris studio on Rue de l'Ouest. The list of his sitters includes Alexandre Dumas, Prosper Mérimée, Sir Walter Scott, Jacques-Louis David, Alfred de Musset, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Honoré de Balzac, Théodore Géricault, Victor Hugo, Marie Dorval, Alphonse de Lamartine, Alfred de Vigny, Jane Stirling, and Franz Liszt.

Late life
In 1849 Devéria was appointed director of the Bibliothèque Nationale's department of engravings and assistant curator of the Louvre's Egyptian department. In the following years, he taught drawing and lithography to his son, Théodule Devéria, and both worked on a family portrait album from 1853 until his death. They applied ink wash to several of the portraits in the album, possibly in preparation for printing lithographs from the photographs. The album photographs by Théodule Devéria are dated 1854.

Devéria spent his last days traveling in Egypt, making drawings and transcribing texts. He died in 1857.

Legacy
Works by Devéria are in the Louvre Museum, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, the J. Paul Getty Museum, the Norton Simon Museum, and the Université de Liège collections.

title: Achille Devéria


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Adjustable grip hitch

The adjustable grip hitch is a simple and useful friction hitch which may easily be shifted up and down the rope while slack. It will hold fast when loaded, but slip when shock loaded until tension is relieved enough for it to again hold fast. It serves the same purpose as the taut-line hitch, e.g. tensioning a tent's guy line.

This knot is also called the adjustable loop and Cawley adjustable hitch. It was conceived 1982 by Canadian climber Robert Chisnall.

Tying
The working end is wrapped inwards around the standing part (A-B) twice (1). Then another turn is made around both parts and a bight is pulled through the last wrap (2, 3) for the slipped version (left image), or just the end for the non-slipped version (right image). The knot needs to be pulled tight to actually grip (the slack is pulled out of the windings and the knot pulled tight at C and D). By pushing the knot along the standing part in direction of A, the line can be tightened.

The grip can be improved by adding a third turn around the standing part.

The slipped adjustable grip hitch can be easily untied by pulling the end E, even under quite heavy load.

Adjustable Bend
Using the same knot core an adjustable bend can be made to join two lines. For that the knot is tied in both working ends, each around the other line's standing part. The length of the line can be then adjusted by pushing the knots together or apart.

Alternatives

 * The taut-line hitch and midshipman's hitch are more common for the same purpose. They are made of a rolling hitch around the standing part.
 * An adjustable bend can also be made with rolling hitches around the other line.
 * The Farrimond friction hitch can be tied in the bight.

title: Adjustable grip hitch


text:
User talk:Flamurai/Archive

Greetings! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you haven't already done so, please carefully read the following pages: You can sign your name with ~ (or just to leave out the date stamp). If you have questions or doubts of any sort first see the help pages, then do not hesitate to post them on the Village Pump and somebody will respond ASAP. Have fun! --Jiang 05:08, 23 Sep 2003 (UTC)
 * Welcome, newcomers
 * How to edit a page
 * Manual of Style
 * Naming conventions

title: User talk:Flamurai/Archive


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Army of the Mississippi

Army of the Mississippi was the name given to two Union armies that operated around the Mississippi River, both with short existences, during the American Civil War.

1862

The first army was created on February 23, 1862, with Maj. Gen. John Pope in command. At its creation, the army consisted of 2 divisions of infantry for service along the Mississippi River. When General Pope began to move against New Madrid, Missouri, the army was expanded with units from neighboring military districts. The army now totaled 5 divisions commanded respectively by David S. Stanley, Schuyler Hamilton, John M. Palmer, Eleazar A. Paine and Joseph B. Plummer. Gordon Granger commanded the Cavalry Division of two regiments and Napoleon B. Buford commanded the "Flotilla Brigade". In this capacity the Army fought at the Battle of Island Number Ten.

After the capture of Island No. Ten, the army's divisions were consolidated into 3 divisions and became the "Left Wing" of Maj. Gen. Henry Halleck's Western Army Group. General Jefferson C. Davis's division from the Army of the Southwest was added, becoming the 4th Division. During the Siege of Corinth the Army of the Mississippi was consolidated into two wings of two divisions each. Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans commanded the "Left Wing" (1st and 2nd Divisions) and Brig. Gen. Schuyler Hamilton commanded the "Right Wing" (3rd and 4th Divisions). After the capture of Corinth, Pope was sent east to command the Army of Virginia and Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans assumed command of the Army of the Mississippi. The army was posted to the city of Corinth. Its position there was strengthened by two divisions from the Army of West Tennessee and fought at the battles of Iuka and Corinth. Rosecrans was transferred to command of the Army of the Ohio and the current army was discontinued in October 1862 and the regiments were dispersed between the XIII Corps and XIV Corps.

1863

In 1863 Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand was put in command of the expedition against down the Mississippi. He was given command of two corps from the Army of the Tennessee, his own XIII Corps led by Brig. Gen. George W. Morgan and Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman's XV Corps. McClernand named his force the "Army of the Mississippi" and redesignated the XIII Corps the I Corps, Army of the Mississippi, and the XV Corps became the II Corps, Army of the Mississippi. McClernand was successful in capturing Arkansas Post. Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant did not like McClernand and after Sherman and Admiral Andrew H. Foote both voiced their opinions that McClernand was unfit to command, Grant personally took command of the expedition against Vicksburg and the old XIII Corps and XV Corps were returned to the Army of the Tennessee on January 12, 1863.

Command history
1862 1863

title: Army of the Mississippi


text: Talk:Jason Patric

title: Talk:Jason Patric


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Robert Edmond Jones

Robert Edmond Jones (December 12, 1887 – November 26, 1954) was an American scenic, lighting, and costume designer.

He is credited with incorporating the new stagecraft into the American drama. His designs sought to integrate scenic elements into the storytelling instead of having them stand separate and indifferent from the play's action. His visual style, often referred to as simplified realism, combined bold vivid use of color and simple, yet dramatic, lighting.

Life
Born in Milton, New Hampshire, Jones attended Harvard University and graduated in 1910. Jones eventually moved to New York (1912), where, with friends made at Harvard, he began to do small design jobs. In 1913 Jones and several friends sailed to Europe to study the new stagecraft with Edward Gordon Craig in Florence. The school in Florence would not accept Jones, so he went to Berlin instead, spending a year in informal study with Max Reinhardt's Deutsches Theater.

For a 1915 production of The Man Who Married a Dumb Wife directed by Harley Granville-Barker, Jones designed a fairly simple set that complemented the action and the other design elements of the production rather than overwhelming it.

His innovative designs for Vladimir Rosing's American Opera Company in 1927 and 1928 were praised by critics.

Jones also brought his expressionistic style to many productions put on by the Theatre Guild, with innovative designs for The Philadelphia Story (1937), Othello (1943), and The Iceman Cometh (1946). Jones's biggest commercial success was with The Green Pastures (1930), which, if we include its revival in 1951, played for a total of 1,642 performances. This revival was Jones's last production. Other Broadway credits include Holiday (1928), Mourning Becomes Electra (1931), Ah, Wilderness! (1933), Juno and the Paycock (1940), and Lute Song (1946). Jones was also the production designer for some early three-color Technicolor films, such as La Cucaracha (1934) and Becky Sharp (1935), for which he also designed the costumes.

Though he created a makeshift set for the very first "production" of the Provincetown Players in the living room of Neith Boyce and Hutchins Hapgood's cottage in July 1915, Jones was not a member but a friend of the Provincetown Players and he worked closely with his friend Eugene O'Neill on many of his productions including Anna Christie, The Great God Brown, and Desire Under the Elms. He was a member of the Triumvirate leadership (with O'Neill and Kenneth Macgowan) of the Experimental Theatre, Inc., that look over the Provincetown Playhouse in 1924 for two years.

Jones published many articles on theatre design in the course of his career. His books include Drawings for the Theatre (1925), and The Dramatic Imagination (1941); he also illustrated Kenneth Macgowan's Continental Stagecraft (1922).

His book The Dramatic Imagination is considered the definitive work on modern stage design in the first half of the 20th century.

He died in the house he was born in on Thanksgiving Day, 1954.

title: Robert Edmond Jones


text:
User:Zabek/Getting Miqra Started

Here are some basic steps and things we need to consider about starting up a website:

 * 1) Getting a wiki website: The very first thing we need is someone who has the expertise to get us the appropriate web address and upload the software. This entire proposal is based on the assumption that we will be a wiki, and that we will use Wikimedia software (for technical details on setting it up, see: User's Guide and installation). However, even this is not at all clear until we all agree upon it. Right now even that is only a suggestion, and maybe people have other good ideas. The main person who needs to consider this most, of course, is the person who will deal with websites and software.
 * 2) Going online: Using Wikimedia software, when the website initially goes online it will have nothing more than empty "stub" pages in the various languages spoken by the initial contributors (apparently Hebrew, French, and English).
 * 3) Building a Parashah Index: The initial contributors will build a user-friendly Main Index for Torah Readings, Haftarot, Megillot, and the books of Tanakh in each language domain.
 * 4) Uploading Sample Recordings: The initial contributors will select one of the weekly parashiyot, its haftarah, and also one short megillah (Ruth?) and produce a number of recordings with cantillation by several different readers for each text. The readings will then be uploaded to the website and linked to the Main Index.
 * 5) Going Public: When the user-friendly Parashah Index and sample recordings for one full parashah are finished, then we can "go public"! We can advertise ourselves on various discussion groups and websites by saying: "Look at the sample parashah already online. FEEL FREE to download it and listen to it offline. YOU TOO can donate your OWN recording of a Parashah, a Haftarah, or a Megillah! Here is how to do it using our Index…"
 * 6) Even before we are ready to "go public," other interested people may find our wiki website and want to help. We should encourage them to do so!
 * 7) Expenses: There are some monetary expenses in setting up a website, even with volunteers like ourselves. As far as I know, getting the domain name (web address) involves paying a fee (I don’t think it costs very much money). Plus we have to consider bandwidth, which is the "load" involved in uploading and downloading relatively big audio files for recordings (and it costs money). Initially, with just a few sample recordings, it shouldn’t cost too much, but if we succeed and grow bigger then it could end up costing a significant amount in the future. So we need to discuss how we are going to fund at least the initial costs, which will probably be relatively small, among ourselves.
 * 8) Once we have something to show for ourselves, we may be able to find a web host that will be willing to host a volunteeer public service project like this.

Current Suggestions for Web Hosting
(It looks like the overall price range is pretty clear.)
 * Infomaniac (suggested by IL)
 * Host Excellence

Prerequisite tools
Note that to install MediaWiki you need four components:
 * MySQL - an SQL database to store the Wiki text, user list etc.
 * Apache - a web server to serve the HTML web pages
 * PHP - the programming language that MediaWiki is written in
 * MediaWiki itself, which is a suite of programs written in PHP

The above sites seem to provide MySQL and PHP. They don't mention anything about Apache. But I really know to little about this whole area.

Storing Audio at other locations
Our material meets the criterion to be stored at other locations meant for open-source audio. Actual uploading and downloading could be done there, while we provide the quality-control for the links. Two possibilities:

 * Wikimedia Commons - for files in Ogg Vorbis only (.ogg)
 * Internet Archive (Open Source Audio collection)

title: User:Zabek/Getting Miqra Started


text:
Talk:Islam in Albania

2009 Pew Forum and Unicef map out muslim population in Albania
In light of the recent demographic study carried out by Pew for over 3 years and just released, it states that Muslims account for 79.9% with all other religions and affiliations accounting for 19.1%. This is backed up by a 2008 report by the Ministry of Statistics of Albania as well as Unicef. Furthermore 95% of the Muslims in Albania are Sunni and less than 5% are Shia/Bektashi

I will leave this message on here for about a week before changing the article. The sources I am providing are http://www.childinfo.org/mics3_surveys.html and http://pewforum.org/docs/?DocID=451. You will need to download the pdf's.

I believe these are the most up to date and sources as well as unbiased. The statistics provided should not be confused with how much of the population is actually practicing that is a moot point. It’s to do with religious affiliation.

--Elias101 (talk) 10:46, 8 October 2009 (UTC)

Islam/Religion in Albania
This article needs to decide if it is about Islam in Albania or Religion is Albania, as a lot of text is devoted to discussions of religions other than Islam.

Additionally, is there a cite for the claim The majority of citizens of Albania are Secular / Atheist (which appears twice in the article). Ashmoo 07:47, 21 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I have read stuff that from very recent polls 60% of the population claim to be atheist while only 10% claim to be Muslim. It is on the Wikipedia Albania page. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.194.71.122 (talk) 22:23, December 18, 2005.
 * The polls conducted in Albania, since 1950's show that 70% of Albanians are Muslims. There have been few polls in the last years, but 2 of them show Muslims being 70%. Nathalie Clayer pretends for more, while a USAID study showed them around 58% and the orthodox around 10%. However the article on Islam in Albania should remain. Olsi. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.40.209.146 (talk) 16:46, October 25, 2006(UTC)

Hi, according to US Dept. of State, Muslim population in Albania constitute to 70%. Source: -- alif

 * Please stop deleting the text of US dept of state. I have provided a credible source, US Dept. of State (Updated 2007), which suggests 70% of Albanians are Muslims Source - . I have also kept the previous percentage of 10% as official census -- alif.
 * Here's the BBC source (Updated 2005), which also suggests that Muslims in Albania constitute 70%. Source: -- alif.

Ethem Bey mosque's picture caption
In the Picture's caption, Ethem Bey should be Et'hem Bey. I'd change it but I dont know how to change it with out rendering the picture into text. Freestylefrappe

 * Fixed OneGuy 04:57, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Religious hatred "incident"
""In October 2003, police arrested Kastriot Myftari, author of the book "Albanian National Islamism" on charges of inciting religious hatred. The book contained the author's opinions on Islam and how the religion has impacted Albanian life. According to the prosecutor's office, several statements in the book demeaned Islam. The prosecutor had asked the court for 6 months imprisonment for the author. In June, the court acquitted Myftari of all charges.""

This last paragraph does not seem very relevant especially regarding the fact that the author was found innocent in the end. I'll remove this from the main article page.--Vlug 06:54, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

POV?
Is this

''In the mountainous North, the propagation of Islam was strongly opposed by Roman Catholics. Gradually, however, backwardness, illiteracy, the absence of an educated clergy, and material inducements weakened resistance.''

historically factual (I mean especially the second sentence, that it was backwardness, illiteracy, and material inducements) that allowed the propagation of Islam? Besides, the way the last part is expressed is also poor: weakened resistance? It's like we're dealing with WW2 or something alike, and it sounds quite POV to me... --Yobaranut 08:55, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It seems that that statement could describe all of europe until the 1700s.

source
What's the source for this paragraph:

" A recent census has approximately 60% of the population as agnostic or atheistic, 12% as Roman Catholic, 18% as Albanian Orthodox, 7% as Muslim, and the rest as others. Ironically, Albania is considered by many a Muslim country though France has a greater percentage of Muslims."

Anyone has the source? If not, it should be deleted. 72.129.170.249 05:45, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

The source is the survey.

Contradiction?
in one section, the article says "over 95 percent of the country's young people were choosing spouses of the same religious background". Later it says intermarriage is very common. Which one is true, or when did conditions change from one to the other.

Polls
Albania is 75% Muslim 15% Orthodox and 10% Catholic but not all are religious this is due to 50 years of communist rule but Islam has been growing rapidly since 1999 in 2004 the strength of Islam was shown when almost 200,000 people prayed the Eid/Bajram prayer in the streets of centre of Tirana (capital city) that is approximately a third of the population in the capital city and especially since 2004 Islam has been rising ever faster.

In Kosova 93% of the Population is Muslim the country canto become any more muslin unless the 6% of the Serbs and 1% of Roma Gypsys convert into Islam as well but realistically that's not happening Kosova has a small Albanian population that are non-Muslims its is around 15,000

 * Your "statistics" are obsolete. Apart from cheap propaganda, I don't see any facts there. It just resembles Serbian websites talking about some phantasy-world islamic Albanians and such. But you can drop that here, because it's quite comical other than annoying. Where did you hear this nonsense: "200.000(!) people praying in the centre of Tirana"? Maybe you should say that in public around here and see the reaction of the people (but better not... if you want my advice). People here are some 74% nonreligious, last poll in 2004 by a private service and INSTAT the state stat. service. And that also quite fits the US state department data mentioned in the article, that from 2005 to 2006 had a decrease in estimates for the religious population in Albania from 30% to 25%, which leaves about 75% nonreligious. Thus the trend is not at all favourable toward religion. So if you take that into consideration maybe you'll even be able to see that the majority of mosques built in Albania after year 1994 with some peculiar Saudi Arabian funding, don't even have hodjas to manage them. Maybe even these Arabs were caught up in the "Albanians are muslims" hype. Eg. people have been sueing the two mosques in Tirana in the court of law because the muesins keep singing with loud speakers irritating the habitants. There's some misconception about this. Albanians weren't 70% muslims neither back in the 1930, cause even then the so called "statistics" were not real but rough estimates out of thin air. If there's a major religion here, they're the Orthodox Christians that have gained a lot of following, but all of them fall under the 25% of religious people, and no religion claims any majority of population in Albania, cause people would laugh at them. This shows you haven't got the slightest idea what's going on here for the last 100 years. If Albanians don't believe in gods, they just don't, where's the problem there? Isn't that supposed to be sth. personal? Vlug 19:00, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

First of all iam not serbia un jam shqiptar e mos me thir diqka qi nuk jam second You KRYQALI need to face the truth we are Muslims and we have no intention to go back to a religion that was forced upon us by the ROMANS so these things your saying are bullshit propaganda

I don't give a shit about Albania right now Iam more concerned with Kosova and in Kosova we are 94% Muslim we only have a Albanian Christians population of 18,000 and other Christians are the Serbs and Roma gypsy's you don't have to look hard to notice that Kosova has 3 times more mosques that it has ever had Islam is at its strongest ever in Kosova and Macedonia as for Albania well INSHALLAH soon we Albanian from Kosova and Macedonia will spread it to there rest of the 25% there

Here are some videos about Islam in Albania and Kosova

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81OUQC1W6V8 you can see a pic of the 200,000 in Tirana in BAJRAM/eid 2004 also it was shown live in RTK TVSH and RTV 21 don't denie the truth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwcRrpQGv88 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GGwi22ZiOU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhlpY2imyok http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5eS6wvMsKQ

There are tons more these are just a few

I can see you an (scuse my language) American ASS licker and do not wish to present the truth but hide it the fact is we are majority there are just over 3 million Albanians in Albania and another 15 million world wide 5 million in Turkey alone and they are 99.9% Muslims and the ones in kosova are 99% Muslims and the ones in Macedonia and Montenegro and the other millions living in Europe out of that 15 million at least 10 million are Muslims I don't care what the rest are but even though many of them are Muslims to but you deny it even the census says that Albanians of Albania are 70% Muslim and you denies that to

The fact is we are Muslims and that is what we will remain don't try and hide the truth

But I have no intention in continuing to fight with you because you are pretty Ignorant and a Super nationalist but don't forget not all of our people are like you

(Ti ja mban vetit patriot e shiptart por ju te shipnis jeni ata qi nuk bet kurgjo kur na prejke shkau ne kosov kurse gati 5000 muxhahedin ka ardh prej krejt botes me na ndimu me mbyt shkaun kurej as 400 shiptar te shipris nuk ka pas ne UCK edhe prj krej 20,000 ushr te UCK vetem 79 KRYQALI kan qen edhe 50 prej tyne kan qen kroat edhe disa gjerman edhe Italian mos e mshef RELITETIN)

Allahu-Akbar

 * Sorry to interrupt but some little frustration problems there... eh. But, you know, it's not good to impose your islamic delusions upon others as reality. I think maybe Albanians are a 200% islamics and there is a world conspiracy that shows that instead they're Atheists. Keep fighting man, in the end you'll win. Just don't get out of the house. sth totally unrelated- are you sure you're Albanian? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 218.32.241.156 (talk) 08:19, 10 April 2007 (UTC).

Didn't see anything about Islam in Albania in those videos. Cheap montage of century old photos badly mixed with irrelevant folk material, and the infamous new Saudi Arabian financed mosques where no one goes, unless he's getting payed something.Dimror 08:35, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Don't mind him guys, he's a Serb posing as Albanian. They have quite some psychological problems up there and use the net for these things. Go figure.--Vlug 12:03, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Hahhaha Hummmmm Iam a Serb and I speak Albanian fluently yeah right I get that one a lot from people like you but I have no die why you are Pathetic in calling me a Serb when its clear Iam a Muslim and Serbs are probably the most anti Islamc people on earth you could have at leasted called me somthing that a muslim like an Arab or a Turk that could have been a little more SMARTER (E JO ME LESHU FJALEN SI LOPA BAGLEN) you need to take you head out of your A** and smell the roses things are not what you like them to be just because some of you Albanians in Albania want to be European and become AMERICAS SLAVES AND PUPPETS we Kosovars and Macedonian Albanians don't and Wont got to RTK and read the news look at the statistics on how Islam has been STRENGTHENED in Kosova and Macedonia since 1998 and then look at how it has BOOMED in Albania and then read and look at the polls about how Kosovars have been fed up with the west and America and how 85% from the 90% of Albanians in Kosova are against the Ahtisari plan how most people want UN and KFOR to leave just peaces our POLITICIANS have a hand up their back sides and being used as PUPPETS the rest of people are not Most of the Kosovars are going towards Islam

Those videos show everything but you don't want to see you are like all other KUFARS you live in denial the fact is we are Muslim and like I told you Albania is only 2 million 12 million other Albanians live out side Albania and Most are Muslim just looking at the Albanians in Kosova and Macedonia Montenegro and Turkey they re all 99% Muslim in Kosova we have an Albanian non Muslim community of 18,000 so be quiet ignorant KID all those photos are and footage in those videos taken in Albania apart from the other video which is about Kosova so stop living in denial

If we are not Muslims I wonder why 5000 Mujahadeens came and fought in Kosova and yet not only that there was only 50 non-Muslim forren fighters (mostly Croat and a small number of Italian and German) but there was not a single non-Muslim Albanian fighting in the KLA/UCK so if you claim we are 80% Atheists then the whole of KLA was should have been atheist but Yet it wasn't it was 99.9% made of of Muslims and financed by Muslims

Your brain is clearly not advanced enough to comprehend the truth that's why you keep repeating you self and DENYING evidence that if served to you on a platter that's a sign of defeat, and BTW you are the one that resembles a Serb more because you act like they did and do when people accuse them of crimes against humanity they just deny it just like they deny Rraqak massacrer in Kosova just like they deny Srebrenica and many other events they say the we killed our own people not them same thing you are doing

 * Islam in Albania is long dead now. But you must keep on fighting nameless Serbian soldier / the world's depending on your shoulders. Incidentally, did you know that Albania is the only "muslim" country that didn't give a heck about those Muhammad cartoons. That's really strange, isn't it, because they are suppossed to be like... "muslims", aren't they? But strangely, none on the streets, none to even mention it, none to care at all. Not one single reaction. And do you know why, nameless soldier? Because Islam in Albania... is a bit... not there. But here you are, entertain yourself at Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. --Kanibal 14:08, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

What ever you say KUFAR even if you claim it has died in Albania which it has not because way over half of the population is Muslim it still have not died in Kosova and Macedonia and in all other Albanian people but it has only gotten stronger as for the cartoons well what you expect the government is 90% run my non Muslims but don’t worry that will change soon INSHALLAH when Kosovoa becomes free and we unite with Albnaia

here is some other maps for you http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Islam-by-country-smooth.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6c/Islam_percentage_by_country.png

 * At what time will you take over the world, so that we prepare some popcorn.Dimror 10:31, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

When ever Allah has ment it to, I donr really care about the world at this moment all I care about is Bringing Albania back to fully Islam like Kosova and macedonian Albanians are and most of Albanians world wide are, and that will happen soon.

 * People like you give Serbs a bad name. Point southeast and keep on walking. Johny Walker, failed impersonation label.--Kanibal 13:30, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

People like you shouldn’t talk at all

Rapid Growth of Islam in Albania
The rapid growth of Islam in Albania since 1999 has not gone un recognized the average converts/reverts to Islam annually since 1999 was 9,000 – 15,000 but 2006 proved to be the highest ever braking all records and estimate of 36,000 converts/reverts to Islam in Albania I was surprised and shocked when I saw thin 3 days ago in Albanian national TV TOP channel. I’am personally a Muslim and I was happy to see this major jump lets hope INSHALLAH this year that number is even higher, well anyway greeting from Kosova and stop all that fighting crap your rumbling about stupid stuff.

STOP SPAMING
You are not allowed to delete the talk page under no circumstances that why this is here to put up your opinion

STOP DELETING about 70%
Please stop deleting the text of US dept of state. I have provided a credible source, US Dept. of State (Updated 2007), which suggests 70% of Albanians are Muslims Source -. I have also kept the previous percentage of 10%. Here's the BBC source (Updated 2005), which also suggests that Muslims in Albania constitute 70%. Source:. Both US Dept of State, and BBC source are credible sources, so please keep them. -- alif.
 * Thanks for providing sources. Now the 70% can stand. I kept reverting the article in last days, as there was a user (user:Gon4z) who tried to insert his persoanl opinions ("Orthodox Crusade") into the article and changed everything without any sources at all. Now the 70% are well sourced and will stand. noclador 17:30, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok, I understand. thanks :) -- alif

HI, yes from what I think Albania is,when it comes to Islam is that they are Muslims but maybe only by name. What I mean by that is that they may not follow it however it is part of their identity. And maybe when it is a special holiday people would go to the mosque on that one day or so. However I did read once on wikipedia that Islam is the fastes growing religion in Albania, and if it keeps on growing as it is the percentage of muslims in Albania will be 85 percent. And I hope in Allah's will that all the people of Albania and the world will become Muslim. By Wael Ghafarji 6/3/07

To IP - '217.24.240.72', WHY DO U KEEP DELETING THE FIGURES, when both the sources provided are CREDIBLE SOURCES. This is wikipedia, not a Personal blog. Thanks -- alif.

 * Hi. I'm an active anti-vandalism editor, and I couldn't help but notice your revert wars.

 * I see no reason to delete any of the references, but they contradict each other. Some say 21%, others say 65-70%, or somewhere in between.  As it is now, the article also contradicts itself, because it says 70% is Muslim, then a couple of sentences later it says that up to 75% aren't religious.  Having read all of the references for the article, I'm going to try to put together a neutral summary of what they say.  If you two can't live with it, I suggest you take it to moderation, because revert warring is getting you nowhere. Poindexter Propellerhead 05:38, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

 * There is obviously a problem with these guys. After 50 years of formal and informal atheism they keep rabbling about some 100 years old data, just because the CIA data are from 1930. The US State Department data show a 60-75% nonreligious population. Now calling Albanians Muslims with a 60%-76% population never having gone to a mosque, temple or church in their life (3 polls conducted) is just idiotic, to say the least. Also for one to be called a Muslim one have to testify the Shahadah, just like one would be called a Christian after being baptized, and guess what... we don't have even have a piece of 5% of the population to testify the Islamic creed necessary to be called a Muslim, nor anything of that amount to have been baptized in any church. Some users here, specifically Greeks and Serbs obviously have a problem with this. But this is their problem, not ours. Btw, contributions under this IP are not from the same person. There are also a handful of other students contributing, because it's just funny but ultimately boring to go on and read about these "internet Muslim Albanians" or "internet Christian Albanians" and such when it's really difficult getting to witness these "numbers" here in real life, you know.

 * Poindexter, thank you for trying to help, but the banned user's sockpuppets' sources do not say 21%, others say 65-70%, or somewhere in between are Muslims. All sources on Muslims in Albania say 70%. Sources which say that 50% or more Albanians don't go to church/mosque every Sunday/Friday does not mean they are not Christians/Muslims. It's orignial research. If someone wants to say that Muslims in Albania are 10%, give a source that says something like "Muslims in Albania are 10%". Unless this happens, we'll have to stay with the existing sources which say "Muslims in Albania are 70%". This is policy talking, not me, see WP:V and WP:OR.--Ploutarchos 10:44, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Reference 4 says 21%. It's on page 14 or 15 (note, the paper is in French, hope that's not a problem).  That figure was probably taken from (Goring, Rosemary (ed). Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994); pg. 581-584), which is cited by adherents.com. Poindexter Propellerhead 17:07, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The majority are nonreligious in Albania, look a bit closer at your "facts"... they just restate the 1930 "statistics"... These are present day: "plus de 72 % irréligieux ou non pratiquants. 28 % se répartissent en 21 % musulmans, 6% orthodoxes, 3 % catholiques." & "no reliable data were available on active participation in formal religious services, but estimates ranged from 25 to 40 percent." Every single "source" stating a 70% Muslim population is actually saying that there are 100% theists there. Do better math next time. I've been watching you guys for two weeks now, and although I don't believe the number of Muslims in Albania to be at 10%, more likely 15% to 20%, there's still a considerable majority of non-religious persons, and counting these as Muslims or Christians, even "nominally" is just not real and frustrates also the people in Albania, because they actually laugh when you ask them about God. All my Albanian friends are Agnostics at worst. The only Muslim I've known in Tirana was some guy from Saudi Arabia that worked in a bank there.

PS. Banning the "IP guy" above and hiding his input to this discussion isn't going to make reality go away. I know from personal experience that at least Greek policemen tend to give tourists going into Albania from Greece some weird guidelines about Islam in Albania and such, and I found it really bizarre to see this thing going on in Wikipedia too, because it's hard to spot this in the country proper. It certainly looks like an agenda to my amateur eyes.

70% Muslim? And so, following you, in Albania all people are 100% religious? it's ridiculy. According to Operation World, there are 38% of muslims in Albania, and it has the number too. But you source is only AN ESTIMATE. So, check this: http://www.operationworld.org/country/alba/overvw01.html --Albopedian (talk) 16:19, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

The 70% is a hoax. It's data taken from the survey of 1929. The most recent Albanian Government data should stay. Entered reference for 2007 data. --  S ulmues (talk) 10:37, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Pew Research Center's statistics are not a hoax. Those stats should stay along with the government's estimates. -- Local hero talk 15:25, 30 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Religion in Albania has diferent stats that range from 35%-80% Muslim ?! 20:54, 1 July 2012 (UTC)~ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.3.76.108 (talk)
 * quote Religion in Albania - The most common religions practiced in Albania include Islam and Christianity, though a survey conducted by Gallup Global Reports 2010 shows that religion plays a role only to 39% of Albanians, and lists Albania as the thirteenth least religious country in the world.

Religion has always been taken easily by Albanians. The actual traditional religions (Christianity and Islam) were religions imported and most of the time imposed by the numerous occupying forces in Albania. Thus, most of the Albanians were never truly religious in the traditional meaning of the word. Even nowadays, among people who claim to follow any of the four major religions in Albania, you can see a mixture of various religious traditions and pagan traditions coming from time before Christianity. In 1967, religious practices were officially banned in Albania, and after the fall of state communism, in 1991 religious activities resumed.

A Pew Research Center demographic study from 2010 put the percentage of Muslims in Albania at 82.1%. The CIA World Factbook gives a distribution of 70% Muslims, 20% Eastern Orthodox, and 10% Roman Catholics. Other researches gives the Muslim population at lower levels at 38.8%, Christians at 35.4% (Roman Catholics 16.8% Orthodox 16.1% Protestant 0.6% Other 0.6%) Nonreligious 16.6% Atheist 9.0% Bahai' 0.2%. Despite the officially secular stance of the Albanian government, and the relevant percentage of Christians in Albania, the country is often called a "Muslim" country in the media and even in the government documents.
 * here are references that give vary different numbers - that should be noted as well in this article - i think21:00, 1 July 2012 (UTC)

 * As I've noted elsewhere, that Pew study was not on the size of the Muslim population of Albania- it was a survey of the Muslim populations of all parts of the world for their specific beliefs about a variety of issues. The % of the population that follows the religion wasn't even the topic being studied, and the study explicitly said that the number was a rough estimate. I really doubt whether Pew would approve of that statistic being used as an absolute measurement. --Yalens (talk) 01:30, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 19:10, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Gülen movement
The influence of Fethullah Gülen got very strong in recent times especially after the split between Gülen and Erdogan in 2013. http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/albanian-muslims-grapple-with-religious-identity/2027/3 (browse in Webarchive) The Gülen movement tries to bring the Albanian Moslems closer to the United States. You could mention it --87.154.191.202 (talk) 09:21, 11 July 2016 (UTC)

 * No problem. I am getting to it. Much to do. Best. :) (talk) 13:03, 11 July 2016 (UTC)
 * . I have placed a sentence on the Gulen movement based on peer reviewed material. If you find something there in relation to Gulen bringing the US and Albania closer then ping me about it. Best.Resnjari (talk) 13:05, 11 July 2016 (UTC)
 * There were much more measures of the communist dictatorship against the Islamic community, for instance the prohibition of the Hajj, the outlawing of Moslem names, the changing of Moslem surnames to abbreviations, the prohibition of fasting during Ramadan (they were forced to eat) and the distribution of pork and alcohol to Moslems, as well as the forced separation of the Bektashi community from the Muslim Community of Albania in 1946, see the Albania section of the yearbook of Muslims in Europe.--87.152.166.42 (talk) 15:44, 12 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Thank you. I appreciate the feed back. I will say this. Content going into this article must be based on wp:reliable and wp:secondary previewed scholarly material (i.e journal articles, books etc). I have only placed sentences on the material that is available to me and that those sources contain. If you have come across any sources, place links to them here in the talkpage so i can have a look at them. Alternatively, instead of editing through an IP address, create an account (its easy) and assist me on this very important article about Muslim Albanians and Islam in Albania and bringing this up to high quality standards. There is still more to add on my part over the coming days to this article. What i had in mind in the way i want this article to be kind of layed out is similar to a few detailed Wiki articles: Islam in China, Islam in India and Islam in Indonesia and so on. If you come across stuff on contemporary observances and practices in the scholarship too make me aware of it here. You will save a lot of time for me looking for it. By no means is this article finished. Happy editing and i hope you can come on board to assist. Also having your IP address show is not a good thing for privacy issues, so having an account allows you to do much more on Wiki using its other features and tools and also.  Best Resnjari (talk) 05:27, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

Islamisation

 * , i know where your coming from. The section though to which you are making changes to is about conversion of locals, not the actual arrival of the religion. The religion itself arrives with the Ottomans proper (solders stationed as garrisons, some administrative civil servants collecting tax etc) in the late 14th century. That is different from locals converting though. In the Islamisation article that is outlined and cited. Recorded instances of locals converting is in the 15th century (starting with the elites mainly). Everything is outlined and heavily referenced with wp:reliable and wp:secondary. Consult them for more if its a topic of interest. Best.Resnjari (talk) 09:14, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

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Islam is believed to have first arrived[by whom?] in the 9th century...
This parts sound very interesting. If its true it means that Albania was the first Balkan region where Islam was introduced. On the other hand, historical data about Byzantine Albania (Theme of Dyrrahium) don't mention any contact with Muslim people/missionaries.Alexikoua (talk) 10:05, 29 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Came into contact, its in reference to that. People from the Muslim world passing through, that's why in the Jazexhi source the word is introduced. Nothing about coverts. Zero. Nothing also about being the first. The bit stayed in the article from way back. Jazexhi places that every year in that Muslim yearbook thing. Also the Ottoman presence was a conquest. Academia refers to a conquest. No need for POVish words like "invasion".Resnjari (talk) 13:06, 29 December 2016 (UTC)

 * I assume you understand the diferrence between "unknown people that were just passing through" from "the arrival of a new religion" in a specific region. If we believe that Islam arrived so early this makes Albania the first Balkan region.Alexikoua (talk) 15:39, 29 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Yes i do, because a new religion can arrive in an area if a group of people settled there, even a few for a short period of time without gaining converts (i.e merchants). An example of this was Byzantine Istanbul who had Muslims long before the bulk of the Anatolian Orthodox Greek speaking people became Muslim Turkish speakers (i.e: todays Anatolian Turks), so Islam introduced there long before. Many other examples of that kind. I went with Jazexhi's, wording. In of his works he explains it further, i will find it when i have time -its not a priority - the priority stuff is covered in the article.Resnjari (talk) 03:08, 30 December 2016 (UTC)

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Percentage of Muslims
Hello please change this the percentage of muslims in Albania is about 75-80% in this article is wrong they say 58% but is different im Albanian i know it or if you don't belive me search in wikipedia or in other sites in google in Albanian language "numri i muslimaneve ne shqiperi" and you will see that the number of muslims in Albania is 75-80% in all informations in google and if you ask Albanians here most of them will say that is muslim please review article because when i change the percentage to right number always someone else change it to wrong number the right number is about 75-80% Flori Florian (talk) 16:56, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

 * You're all absolutely wrong. Islam in Albania is about 59% and Christianity is about 38% according to the correct analysis of 2020 by Oxford studies 79.106.124.238 (talk) 09:20, 6 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Islam in Albania


text:
Talk:Avienius

Untitled
Well listen I may be drunk but I'm having a problem of standards

it seems sincerely to me that this page hates itself

honestly could someone review this page (aware of the issues) and reconcile itself to itself?

Well listen I may be drunk but I'm having a problem of standards

it seems sincerely to me that this page hates itself

honestly could someone review this page (aware of the issues) and reconcile itself to itself?

The original source of this text is not indicated, but I assume 19th century, since it doesn't mention any 20th-century research. This should be rewritten from scratch to reflect up-to-date thinking. Stan 04:41, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

en el artículo en inglés sobre rufus festus avienus dice quera un "Latin writer" esto quiere decir en español un escritor en latín, idioma de la Antigua Roma, pero en la traducción al español pone latin como "America" esto es incorrecto, no se editar la traducción. ¿Alguien lo puede hacer por mí? Gracias —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rioja Riojana (talk • contribs) 06:57, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

Ierne and Albion
From the Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology. I have added
 * The Ora Maritima includes reference to the islands of Ierne and Albion, Ireland and Britain, whose inhabitants reputedly traded with the Oestrymnides of Brittany.

And yet when I read Ora maritima and Periegesis in Latin I can see no mention of Ierne and Albion. It is a long while since I was taught Latin. Can anyone elucidate or point me in the right direction. Lucian Sunday (talk) 13:30, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Avienius


text:
Big Spring

Big Spring may refer to:

Communities

 * Big Spring, Montgomery County, Missouri, a census-designated place
 * Big Spring, Carter County, Tennessee, an unincorporated community
 * Big Spring, Meigs County, Tennessee, an unincorporated community
 * Big Spring, Wilson County, Tennessee, a ghost town
 * Big Spring, Texas, a city in and the county seat of Howard County
 * Big Spring Independent School District, in Big Spring, Texas
 * Big Spring, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Big Spring School District, in Newville, Pennsylvania
 * Big Spring Township, Ohio
 * Big Spring Township, Shelby County, Illinois

Other

 * Big Spring (Michigan), a spring also called Kitch-iti-kipi, in Palms Book State Park, Schoolcraft County, Michigan
 * Big Spring (Missouri), a natural spring (hydrosphere) in the Missouri Ozarks
 * Big Spring (Pennsylvania), a historical site in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania
 * Big Spring Bombers, a defunct minor league baseball team formerly located in Big Spring, Texas
 * Big Spring Cafe, a greasy spoon restaurant located in Huntsville, Alabama
 * Big Spring Creek (Montana), four streams in Montana
 * Big Spring Creek (Pennsylvania), a tributary of Conodoguinet Creek in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
 * Big Spring Jam, an annual music festival in Huntsville, Alabama
 * Big Spring Vietnam Memorial, a war memorial in Big Spring, Texas, honoring American servicemen

title: Big Spring


text:
Bishop Quinn High School

Bishop Quinn High School was a small, private Catholic high school in Palo Cedro near Redding, California. The school is named after Bishop Francis Quinn, the diocese's bishop emeritus. The school was designed to serve the Catholic population of Shasta County, California.

History
The school was founded in 1995 by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento. Although initially falling short of desired number of pupils, the school had grown to approximately 200 students from an inaugural class of 26. The 26 freshman who matriculated in 1995 represented the school's first graduating class in 1999. With the closing of St. Francis Middle School in 2007 (which was located on the same campus) Bishop Quinn saw a drop in attendance to around 85 students in the 2007–2008 school year, 22 of whom were seniors. Bishop Quinn closed after the 07–08 school year due to the low attendance which continued to drop. This made their rival school, Mercy High School in Red Bluff, California, the only Catholic high school north of Sacramento.

Other local schools

 * Elementary schools:
 * North Cow Creek School
 * Junction Elementary School
 * Chrysalis Charter School
 * Middle schools
 * Junction Intermediate School
 * Saint Francis Middle School
 * Chrysalis Charter School
 * High schools
 * Foothill High School

title: Bishop Quinn High School


text:
Bigfork

Bigfork or Big Fork may refer to the following places in the United States:

 * Big Fork, Arkansas
 * Bigfork, Minnesota
 * Bigfork Township, Itasca County, Minnesota
 * Bigfork, Montana
 * Big Fork River, Minnesota
 * Big Fork State Forest, Minnesota

title: Bigfork


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/How Shall We Know Christ at His Coming?

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 18:02, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

How Shall We Know Christ at His Coming?

 * Dear Sir/Madam,

There is an article at Wikipedia named Max Heindel (1865-1919) which I have expanded with entries (new articles) and related descriptions of this author's twenty three books (all entirely available online and all edited in almost every languages in the world). The book "How Shall We Know Christ at His Coming?" is one of these 23 books. It's title and official description is not to be taken as religious confrontation of any sort or to anyones' faith or beliefs - it is only the description of the book written in 1918.

In Wikipedia there are also other articles of books by other authors, one of my favorites is The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne (1850).

I think if we look "Wikipedia" as an Encyclopedia we should be proud to present the description (even if small) of all those books, specialy those written much before our modern electronic days.

Thank you --GalaazV 04:44, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Even if these weren't or aren't copyright violations, they're advertising. That's the reason most copyvios aren't worth keeping even if legal permission was granted to use the text; it wasn't written to be an objective description, it was usually written to be a soapbox, a personal essay, promotional copy -- and yeah, that's all these "official" descriptions are.  Let me quote a few choice bits from the almost 25 descriptions GalaazV posted verbatim:  "This is the heart of the Western Wisdom Teaching pertaining to Health and Healing."  "This volume will be of great value to students who are engaged in healing or nursing, whether they are attached to the orthodox medical school or to the nature-cure school."  "No astrological student can afford to be without it."  "The library of every astrology student should contain a copy of this essential reference book."  The comparison with The Scarlet Letter is laughable, because that article is not written solely by those who believe in the book and are trying to promote it. -- Antaeus Feldspar 06:04, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Well, the sentences you have put here are outside their context and are from different books according to the theme of each book (Health, Astrology, Vegetarianism, ...) written by this author. Have you read any of them in order to know if those sentences are according or not with the contents of the books?

In my point of view the descriptions are reasonable and give a brief idea of each book contents. However, each description may be expanded by users who have already read each related book (one of the major things of Wikipedia is that anyone of us may give a responsible contribution to the articles).

Nevertheless, I think we have no right to discourage the effort made by any user, even if his/her work may seem incipient; neither to discourage any knowledge produced (which belongs to all mankind) only because it is not according to our own points of view.

Last, I made no comparison: it is true that The Scarlet Letter is one of my favourites in North-American Literature. I have only stated it in order to show that there are books here presented from authors of the XIX and XX centuries.

--GalaazV 06:36, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * GalaazV, please read NPOV and What Wikipedia is not. You seem to think that anyone who shows up at Wikipedia automatically has the right to post anything they want to, regardless of how clearly it violates policy, and that "we" "have no right to discourage the effort made by any user".  What effort? You posted those 23 descriptions, each copied verbatim from a single webpage, in the space of just over three hours.  That comes to about 7.82 minutes per copy/paste, not exactly a tremendous investment of effort. -- Antaeus Feldspar 07:16, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Antaeus Feldspar, calling the mention of The Scarlet Letter laughable isn't very friendly to Galaaz. Remember not to bite newcomers. He was just trying to justify the article with civil discussion and reasoning, which should never be discouraged. It's far better to have discussion than a bunch of unreasoned keep votes. That said, the article is a copyvio, or an ad and as such cannot stay here, (Delete). I would however be happy to keep a proper write up. Mgm|(talk) 09:39, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * I vote to keep, because I am interested in nature-cure. If this must be deleted, please put the list and links somewhere else: I will do some wikireading to suggest a place. Nature-cure was a significant movement that many people in increasing numbers find helps them. Don't be xenophobic, seems like a good rule of thumb. -- unsigned vote by 67.80.8.96.

I guess you are right MacGyverMagic and I think I tried to justify it with words like "discourage" which now clearly sounds to me as an accusation I was making; which I do not intend to be since as you said I made copy of a webpage descriptions, although being at the time my thought that it would be good simple descriptions in order to present this author's work. I will re-write all the articles related to the books the best my english may afford, with my own words, including this one if not deleted. Thank you for your attention and sorry for this worry --GalaazV 17:19, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Jayjg (talk) 19:26, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Jayjg is your "delete" for the current copyvio version, or also for any rewritten article on this topic? Kappa 20:16, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Non copyvio descriptions of this book would be better included in an article on the author. Jayjg (talk) 03:00, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep if rewritten in a reasonably NPOV way. Kappa 20:16, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. First there is the copyvio aspect, and I don't see a rewrite in progress. But second, even if there were a rewrite, and it was NPOV, and not original research or a personal essay, puffery, etc, I don't see the need for a separate article for each of the books of Max Heindel.   He is marginally notable, but an article on him, plus an additional article on each of his books, seems over-the-top to me.  --BM 22:02, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV advertisement, possible copyright violation. Megan1967 01:26, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I did not do any rewriting since I was expecting for the outcame of the voting. But I appreciate the input of BM and so I'll give up the article for each book, instead I'll just keep the names and ISBN Number of each book at the main article and at the front of each book the external link "www" to a direct reading of the online book. However, I would like to rewrite the article, NPOV, of the main book of Max Heindel (1865-1919, founder of the Rosicrucian Fellowship) titled The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception since in the field of Mysticism and the Occult it is a worldwide reference book as the main book The Secret Doctrine of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-1891, founder of Theosophical Society) and of main works of Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925, founder of Anthroposophical Society). Is it fine this way? Please may you Delete all the articles I have created for the books? I apologize for all annoyance I've caused; thank you for your comments and if I may be of any help please do not hesitate to contact me. --GalaazV 18:14, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * That seems like a reasonable solution to me.  And don't apologize.  It isn't at all obvious  to someone new (or even agreed amongst different editors) as to what is the right level of detail on a topic in the Wikipedia and how to structure a topic into articles.  --BM 00:54, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Spinboy 00:10, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless it can be shown that this book (or its author) is noteable. Martg76 13:12, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank

The Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB) is a National Resource established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1986 to bank and distribute at cost hybridomas and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) they produce to the basic science community worldwide. It is housed in the Department of Biology at the University of Iowa.

Mission
The mission of the DSHB is four-fold:
 * Keep product prices low to facilitate research (currently 40.00 USD per ml of supernatant).
 * Serve as a repository to relieve scientists of the time and expense of distributing hybridomas and the mAbs they produce.
 * Assure the scientific community that mAbs with limited demand remain available.
 * Maintain the highest product quality, provide prompt customer service and technical assistance.

Description
The DSHB is directed by David R. Soll at the University of Iowa. There are currently over 5000 hybridomas in the DSHB collection. The DSHB has obtained hybridomas from a variety of individuals and institutions, the latter including the Muscular Dystrophy Association, the National Cancer Institute, the NIH Common Fund, and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL). The DSHB eagerly awaits new contributions. First time customers must agree to the DSHB terms of usage that products will be used for research purposes only, and that they cannot be commercialized or distributed to a third party. Researchers also agree to acknowledge both the DSHB and the contributing investigator and institution in publications that benefit from the use of DSHB products and provide to the DSHB citations of all publications. Individuals or institutions can deposit hybridomas for distribution at no cost. Contributing to the DSHB does not preclude the depositor from licensing cell lines for commercial purposes. The DSHB does not own any contributed intellectual property. The intellectual property remains that of the scientist and/or institution that banks the hybridomas. The DSHB covers the operating costs of maintaining, improving, producing and distributing products in the collection.

History
The DSHB was created in 1986 by the NIH to bank and distribute hybridomas and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) they produce to the general scientific community in order to facilitate research. The DSHB was moved from Johns Hopkins University to the University of Iowa in 1996, and placed under the directorship of David R. Soll. The DSHB has been self-funded since 1997 and relies on no outside funding.

Popular Collections

 * Cardiac Muscle
 * CD Markers
 * Cell Adhesion
 * Cell Biomarkers
 * Cytoskeleton
 * Disease Biomarkers
 * EMBL Protein Binders (Affinomics)
 * Enzymes
 * Epitope Tags
 * Extracellular Matrix
 * Microbes (Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses)
 * Neurodevelopment
 * Muscular Dystrophy Association mAbs
 * NIH Common Fund Protein Capture Reagents
 * NIH NCI CPTAC Cancer Targets
 * Receptors
 * Organelle-specific Biomarkers
 * RNA/DNA Regulation
 * Secreted Proteins
 * Epitope Tags
 * Skeletal Muscle
 * Transcription Factors

Noteworthy Depositors
Nobel Prize and Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. Prize winner J. Michael Bishop deposited the anti c-MYC hybridoma 9e 10

Nobel Prize winner Sir John Gurdon deposited MyoD clone D7F2

Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus deposited 7 hybridomas

National Academy of Sciences Members who have deposited hybridomas
 * Utpal Banerjee (1 hybridoma deposit)   University of California, Los Angeles
 * Philip A. Beachy (5 hybridoma deposits)        Stanford University
 * Seymour Benzer (7 hybridoma deposits)        California Institute of Technology
 * J. Michael Bishop (1 hybridoma deposits)       University of California, San Francisco
 * Helen Blau (11 hybridoma deposits)   Stanford University
 * Kevin P. Campbell (9 hybridoma deposits)    The University of Iowa
 * Constance L. Cepko (1 hybridoma deposit) Harvard University
 * Max Cooper (1 hybridoma deposit)   Emory University
 * Marilyn Gist Farquhar (1 hybridoma deposit)   University of California, San Diego
 * John Gurdon (1 hybridoma deposit)    University of Cambridge
 * Corey S. Goodman (25 hybridoma deposits)  University of California, Berkeley
 * Thomas M. Jessell (36 hybridoma deposits)    Columbia University
 * Robb Krumlauf (1 hybridoma deposit)   Stowers Institute for Medical Research
 * N. M. Le Douarin (6 hybridoma deposits)        CNRS Institute of Embryology
 * Gerald M. Rubin (20 hybridoma deposits) HHMI /     Janelia Research Campus
 * Joshua R. Sanes (11 hybridoma deposits)         Harvard University
 * S. J. Singer (1 hybridoma deposit)                      University of California, San Diego
 * Roland Nusse (2 hybridoma deposits)                      Stanford University
 * Gertrude Schupbach (10 hybridoma deposits)   Princeton University
 * Timothy A. Springer (7 hybridoma deposits)   Harvard University
 * Masatoshi Takeichi (7 hybridoma deposits)     RIKEN
 * Stephen T. Warren (1 hybridoma deposit)     Emory University
 * Zena Werb (1 hybridoma deposit)                    University of California, San Francisco
 * Eric F. Wieschaus (7 hybridoma deposits)          Princeton University

title: Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank


text:
User talk:Sclozza

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Alai 04:49, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Winthrop Article
You must have being REALLY bored. Sorry to say, but this may be a bit over the top? Generally most suburbs have delis/convenience stores, phone lines, Television Infrastructure and such, and this is normally not needed. Though its a good start and an example for what an article on a suburb should really be like! - Boochan 08:44, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I was. I felt like documenting all the features of the suburb I live in that I could think of. If it is over the top, is it a big problem?

Just wanted to say I love this article :D you have some dedication. BTW, I noticed you tagged your images with NoRightsReserved, even though you stated you released them into the public domain. In that case, you should use PD-self. Also, in the future, any images like these (any free ones) can be uploaded to the. See Commons for more info. cheers, pfctdayelise 07:36, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks! I will change the tags on my photos and look into putting them in the commons. Sclozza 07:16, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, done that! Hope it helps someone out. Sorry for the big delay, things have been quite hectic around here lately.

 * Just read Winthrop nice work well done, can I suggest that you swap the winthrop park image with the piney lake image in the info box It'd look more inviting when u initially open the article Gnangarra 10:05, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I know this is months late, but I will do that. I think it is a good suggestion as well. I wont make any excuses about my tardiness. I am pretty lazy and forgetful. If you want to make the change, knock yourself out, it'll be a while before I get around to it. Sclozza 04:17, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

Whoa, you IT students must have pretty low hours because you obviously have way too much time on your hands, but hey good job! --LeakeyJee 15:15, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Cheers! Interest in the inane is my specialty :D

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Suburbia1996movieposter.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Suburbia1996movieposter.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 06:25, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sclozza