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Bad Mergentheim

Bad Mergentheim (Mergentheim until 1926; East Franconian: Märchedol) is a town in the Main-Tauber-Kreis district in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It has a population of around 23,000. An officially recognized spa town since 1926, Bad Mergentheim is also known as the headquarters of the Teutonic Order from 1526 until 1809.

Subdivisions
Since administrative reform in the 1970s the following villages have been part of the municipality: Althausen (pop. 600), Apfelbach (350), Dainbach (370), Edelfingen (1,400; birthplace of the American biochemist Julius Adler), Hachtel (360), Herbsthausen (200), Löffelstelzen (1,000), Markelsheim (2,000), Neunkirchen (1,000), Rengershausen (480), Rot (260), Stuppach (680), Wachbach (1,300)

History
Mergentheim is mentioned in chronicles as early as 1058, as the residence of the family of the counts of Hohenlohe. The brothers Andreas, Heinrich and Friedrich von Hohenlohe joined the Deutscher Orden (Teutonic Order) in 1219 and gave their two castles near Mergentheim to the order. One was abandoned, the other became the seat of the local Komtur (commander) of the order.

Following the Order's conquest of East Prussia and part of Livland in the 1230s, in 1309 the Grand Master of the order moved to the Marienburg. In 1340 Mergentheim was awarded town privileges. It rapidly became the most important of the eleven commanderies of the Teutonic Order. The Deutschmeister, highest ranking member inside the Holy Roman Empire (to which Prussia did not belong), moved his seat to Mergentheim in 1525 after his castle at Hornberg/Neckar had been destroyed by peasants. That same year, Grand Master Albrecht von Zollern-Brandenburg resigned his position, left the order, introduced Reformation, married and – supported by his liege lord the King of Poland – turned the order's eastern territories into a temporal duchy. The rulers of the order in Germany, now styling themselves Hoch- und Deutschmeister, then made Mergentheim the order's new headquarters and expanded the castle into a palatial residence.

Over the next centuries, the town served as the centre of the order's southern German territories much like the residence town of any ruling prince. Some grand masters, like Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (1614–62), who in his 21 years in that role never once set foot in the town, were hardly ever present. Others, like Maximilian Franz (1756-1801), a son of Maria Theresa, loved the place. For the order's general chapter in 1791 he brought the orchestra of the Archbishopric of Cologne, including one Ludwig van Beethoven on viola. Mergentheim retained this role until the dissolution of the order in the countries of the Rheinbund in 1809 by Napoleon.

Mergentheim's fortunes declined after that but were reversed in 1826, when a shepherd by the name of Franz Gehring discovered rich mineral springs in the surrounding area, during the time when spas were expanding in Germany at a rapid pace. The water turned out to be the strongest sodium-sulfate water in Europe, reportedly effective for the treatment of digestive disorders.

In the 1970s during the Gemeindereform (administrative reform) several neighbouring villages were incorporated into the municipality.

Mergentheim Palace

The best-known sight of Bad Mergentheim is the Deutschordensschloss, the castle where the Teutonic Knights once had their home base. It is a complex of buildings built over a period of eight hundred years. The first buildings of the castle were probably erected as early as the 12th century. The castle was expanded in the late 16th century under Grand Master Walther von Cronberg. Over the course of time a representative Renaissance complex was built by connecting the individual buildings in the inner palace courtyard to a closed ring of buildings. In 1574, the main architect,, also constructed the spiral staircase between the west and north wing. Today the castle houses the Deutschordensmuseum (museum of the Teutonic Order).

The English landscape garden between palace and spa building is mainly due to Archduke Maximilian Franz. In 1797, he had a "mosque" built there to recall the past Turkish threat and in 1802 the Schellenhäusle, a late Chinoiserie. The obelisk was built under Duke Paul von Württemberg, a memorial for a dog that saved his life on one of his expeditions.

The castle complex is dominated by the Schlosskirche (palace church), begun in 1730 under Franz Ludwig Herzog von Pfalz-Neuburg in Baroque style. It was finished in 1735 under Clemens August von Wittelsbach. The plans for the interior were drawn up by François de Cuvilliés, the Electoral court architect of Cologne. Architects working on site were Joseph Roth and Friedrich Kirchenmayer. Its Rococo interior features elaborate ceiling frescos by the court painter, depicting The Defense of Faith, the Glorification of the Cross in Heaven and on Earth and the Emperor Constantine's Vision of the Cross. The main altar painting is Die Salbung Jesu durch Maria in Bethanien by local painter. Side altar paintings were by Giambattista Pittoni (Kreuzaufnahme, Armenspeisung durch die heilige Elisabeth). The crypt below the church is the burial site of the order's grand masters. For around 200 years the Schlosskirche has been a Protestant church.

Other sights
The sacristy of the Marienkirche (finished in 1388) features frescos made in 1300-10 by the monk Rudolfus. This was formerly the church of a Dominican monastery. The cloister has a fresco from 1486 showing a Visitation that depicts an embryo inside the body of Mary. The church also contains the epitaph of Walther von Cronberg, the first Mergentheim Grand Master. Modelled in 1539, probably by Hans Vischer, it was taken to Monrepos at Ludwigsburg in 1809, when Mergentheim became part of the Kingdom of Württemberg. In 1853, the statue was restored to this church.

Town twinning
Bad Mergentheim is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Digne-les-Bains, France
 * 🇫🇷 Sainte-Marie-du-Mont, Manche, France
 * 🇯🇵 Fuefuki, Yamanashi, Japan
 * 🇮🇹 Borgomanero, Italy

Infrastructure

 * Löffelstelzen Transmitter
 * German Diabetes Center Mergentheim

Notable people

 * Heinrich von Hohenlohe (died 1249), buried in the church in Mergentheim
 * Johann Friedrich Mayer (agriculturist) (1719–1798), priest and agricultural reformer ("Plaster Apostle")
 * Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827), was viola player in the court's musical establishment of the Hochmeister (Grand Master) of the Teutonic Knights, Maximilian Franz of Austria in 1791
 * Carl Arnold (1794–1873), composer and pianist
 * (1814–1872), Protestant pastor and Württemberg local historian
 * Eduard Mörike (1804–1875), German poet, lived in Mergentheim from 1844–1851
 * Wilhelm Zimmermann (1807–1878), German theologian and historian, died in Mergentheim
 * Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf (1852–1925), Austro-Hungarian Field Marshall from 1871–1918, died in Mergentheim
 * Ottmar Mergenthaler (1854–1899), inventor of the Linotype
 * Edvard Hjelt (1855–1921), Finnish chemist and politician, died in Mergentheim
 * Felix Fechenbach (1894–1933), German Jewish journalist, poet and political activist, who was murdered by the Nazis
 * (born 1944), writer, children's and youth book author (Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis 1984)
 * Barbara Stamm (born 1944), politician CSU, President of the Bavarian Parliament
 * Fritz Kuhn (born 1955), mayor of Stuttgart, former Member of Parliament and former national chairman of the Greens
 * (born 1963), cook, awarded one star in the Michelin
 * Martin Lanig (born 1984), football player
 * Carolin Golubytskyi (born 1985), foil fencer
 * Atilla Yildirim (born 1990), Dutch-Turkish football player
 * Florian Ruck (born 1992), football player
 * Valentin Kluss (born 2007), racing driver

title: Bad Mergentheim


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Château Lynch-Bages

Château Lynch-Bages is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. Château Lynch-Bages is also the name of the red wine produced by this property. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen Cinquièmes Crus (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855.

History

Thomas Lynch was a descendant of the Tribes of Galway. His father John emigrated in 1691 from Galway, Ireland to Bordeaux, inherited an estate in the village of Bages through his wife, Elizabeth, in 1749. This year represents the foundation of Château Lynch-Bages, which Thomas passed on to his son, Jean-Baptiste, upon his marriage in 1779. Jean-Baptiste soon handed over supervision to his brother Michel who maintained responsibility for the Bages estate until 1824, when the family sold it to a Swiss wine merchant, Sebastien Jurine, who had recently moved to Bordeaux.

Château Lynch-Bages remained in the hands of the Jurine family, followed by the Cayrou family, for over a hundred years. In 1934, Jean-Charles Cazes rented the property from its then owner, Felix de Vial, subsequently purchasing it in 1938. After Jean-Charles Cazes' death, aged 95, in 1972, the estate has been largely managed by his grandson, Jean-Michel Cazes.

In the late 1980s, the AXA Millésimes group began to develop a portfolio of wine property holdings, and approached Jean-Michel Cazes for help (Claude Bébéar, the AXA President, was a long-time Cazes family friend). They established Châteaux & Associés, which Cazes ran until he reached 65, and which by the end of the twentieth century owned many vineyards across Europe. Ownership of Château Lynch-Bages, however, remains with the Cazes family.

In 2017, the Cazes family has acquired Château Haut-Batailley, the 1855 Grand Cru Classé estate in Pauillac.

Vineyard
The 90 ha of Château Lynch-Bages are located just outside the town of Pauillac. The vineyard occupies a gravel ridge looking down over the Gironde estuary. The well-drained soil consists mainly of deep gravel beds over a limestone sub-strata, and it is planted predominantly with red wine grape varieties (73% Cabernet Sauvignon, 15% Merlot, 10% Cabernet Franc and 2% Petit Verdot). There is also a small (approximately 4.5 ha) plot planted with white varieties (40% Semillon, 40% Sauvignon blanc and 20% Muscadelle).

Wine
Château Lynch-Bages is primarily known for its eponymous red wine, of which approximately 25,000 cases are made in an average year. The malolactic fermentation takes place mainly in large stainless steel tanks, and the wine then spends about 15 months in oak barrels (of which some 50-60% are new) before bottling.

As of 2008, the second label of Lynch-Bages will be called, "Echo de Lynch-Bages". A third wine has now been added, called "Pauillac de Lynch-Bages".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Château Lynch-Bages


text:
Talk:Cigarette Smoking Man

Real cigarettes
> For the first two episodes he appeared in, he smoked "real" cigarettes, but later changed to herbal cigarettes

What are "real" cigarettes? Are they real, or not? What are quotation marks supposed to imply here? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.65.218.105 (talk) 01:41, 18 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I would say those containing tobacco and thus nicotine, as opposed to herbal cigarettes, which do not include the before mentioned. The burning process however still produces tar and possibly other substances, which are inhaled and which thus represent a considerable health risk. lmaxmai (talk) 18:59, 9 February 2016 (UTC)

 * By the way, in the interview with "The Scifi World", Mr. Davis states that smoking "real" cigarettes is dangerous to him, not dangerous "to his health", as this article states. While this of course goes without saying, he might have referred to the danger of becoming addicted again. lmaxmai (talk) 19:10, 9 February 2016 (UTC)

Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man
Aren't the producers on record as saying that this episode is not necessarily the real history of CGB Spender? A quote from Frank Spotnitz on the article for the episode says:

 * Story editor Frank Spotnitz said "In the closing scene Frohike tells Mulder and Scully that the whole story was something he read in a crummy magazine. A lot of people didn't pick up on that subtlety. They thought that this was indeed the factual history of the CSM. As far as I'm concerned, it's not. Some of it may indeed be true, and some of it may - well, never mind."

I know that this article later states that the veracity of the episode is not confirmed, but sentences that state "Much of his background is revealed in the fourth season episode "Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man,"", would probably read better with "purportedly" inserted so I have done so 91.188.53.90 (talk) 16:55, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

Spoiler: CSM is Mulder's Father. Not in article?
This article does not state that the Cigarette Smoking Man is Mulder's father. I think that it should. Specifically, I think that "Fox Mulder (Estranged Son)" should be listed along with Jeffery Spender in the "Family" section.

It was confirmed in 9x16 that CSM's father. Jeffery Spender states it, as does Scully, and it's confirmed by DNA evidence.

I know it's a spoiler, but Wiki's policy is to include all info, even spoilers: Spoiler_warning. This is an important piece of information about CSM, his family, and his motivations. It should be included in the article.

I will ask around for other opinions, but if no-one objects, I will add it later this month (May, 2010).

121.127.212.46 (talk) 13:34, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

ETA: Whoops! Wasn't signed in when I posted. So, this post was by me. Lex Kitten (talk) 13:49, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Sounds fine to me. Quiddity99 (talk) 20:26, 8 May 2010 (UTC)Quiddity99

 * Done. Hope this is ok with everyone. =) Lex Kitten (talk) 13:19, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

Whoa!?!? Spoiler warning?
I don't know what wikipedia's policy is concerning spoilers and stuff, but I just got done watching season 3 and got a bad bad bad spoiler in the second sentence. Maybe we could at least move sensitive info a little bit further down? 79.138.218.108 (talk) 13:05, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

I agree with you. This article was a major spoiler for me. Just started watching the series. I think somebody should add a warning. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.128.186.143 (talk) 01:02, 5 December 2011 (UTC)
 * WP:SPOILERS. Don't research the plot of something you're not done watching, it'll only ever lead to disappointment. On the bright side, it's actually not that big of a deal within the series. It's not even the most important part of the episode it pops up in. GRAPPLE   X  01:06, 5 December 2011 (UTC)

Massive chunk
A massive chunk of this page was copied from this website. I reverted to an older version.
 * You reverted too much. You deleted some things that I wrote myself without even referring to Keleka's site. Some things from that site were copied, yes (by others and not me), but I have an email from the site's maintainer saying that texts can be used. Although the sections that were copied verbatim were not entirely appropriate for the article. Still, some of the removed text would have to be restored. Solver 16:54, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

I restored it. Now stop cutting out my contributions. Simon Beavis 7 February 2006
 * Would you maybe consider rewriting the "Why Mulder?" section a bit. In my opinion, some of the phrasing is a bit inappropriate for article style. Solver 18:50, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Original reverter here. I realize that reverting the page deletes some of the more recent edits, but I was following the policies outlined here. I restored it to the last version before all the copied material was added. If you want to preserve your own changes, you should add them again to this version. Note: copyrights are held by the original author, not the website's current maintainer. If you really want to use that fan page's text verbatim, you will need to track down this person and get them to email Wikipedia about it.

Surely C.G.B. Spender is just an alias? Lee M 10:29, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Actually, his real name is Crow Gibson Bill Spender. It was mentioned in an interview over the discussion of real-time alien technology and was possible that this is a fan-fiction name. Anyway, this does seem to be a plausible name, consideing that his name does correspond to the little more than conincidental connection between him and Bill Mulder. Other than that, this is all pure speculation into an alias of the CSM guy that happens to be the key in this magnificient series.

 * C.G.B. Spender is the closest thing to his real name - of course it's not a full name since CGB can hardly count as full. However, nothing more full than C.G.B. Spender was ever seen in canon - whatever else there might have been is purely fanfiction. Solver 19:57, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Agreed. Mr.Fouchon 20:16, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

New quotes section
I have taken the liberty of setting up a new CSM quotes section in the article. Please feel free to improve it and contribute to it. I trust that its place is here and not in a Wikiquote article. If anyone disagrees, please advise.
 * The quotes section is now quite large. i think they should be moved to wikiquote, like the mulder article. Cthulhu spawn 20:02, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Canon
This part seems like speculation at best, there is nothing to indicate that "musings.." wasnt canon. If no one complains I will remove it. - "This episode presents a relatively sympathetic, sad portrait of the character, although it is arguable if the info presented is canon."

The episode also contains a deliberate contradiction to a previous episode. In a flashback depicted in Apocrypha, CSM is shown to have already been working for the government, along with Bill Mulder, as early as 1953. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.185.21.9 (talk) 15:47, 16 October 2009 (UTC)

E. Howard Hunt
There is a lot more than a passing resemblance, especially in re: Musings. This should be expanded upon by someone more knowledgable in both conspiracy theory and known history.

Cultural Influences
how about Mitchell_Webell_III -- take a read here, this in itself is almost the plot of a backstory X files episode: - KenChasse (talk) 16:17, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

Name of Article
I just watched several episodes of "The X-Files"; at no point do they refer to him as the "Cigarette Smoking Man." They just call him "the Smoking Man" or refer to his "Spender" alias. Minaker (talk) 07:36, 9 February 2008 (UTC)
 * While it's true that he wasn't referred to onscreen as the "Cigarette Smoking Man" until the sixth season (by Scully in "Two Fathers"), long after being referred to as Cancer Man, Smoking Man, Cigarette Man, and Old Smokey, he was referred to by that name (or the CSM acronym) in scripts and by the cast and crew beginning with the pilot. "Cancer Man" was invented by the fans, spread amongst message boards and then picked up by the show, to be used occassionally. "Smoking Man," "Smokey," and "Old Smokey" were all shortened or jocular variations of the CSM moniker. "C.G.B. Spender" was derived as a way to state to the characters that he was the already established Jeffrey Spender's father. It was specifically stated that it might be "one of hundreds" of aliases (although, outside Musings, we haven't seen any other ones).--Tim Thomason 21:02, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
 * His name is C.G.B. Spender it says so in the episodes. The article name really should be changed to C.G.B. Spender. 193.195.195.56 (talk) 15:37, 5 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Musings aside, in the first season (at least) he is referred to as Smoking Man in the credits. As I do not have any later seasons I can't confirm his later credit listings, but I think the credits would constitute somewhat of an authoritative source (granted, this is technically original research... *shrug*). -- Mpdimitroff (talk) 07:32, 11 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Was "Cancer Man" really invented by fans? Mulder uses it at approximately 22:17 of the episode One Breath (Season 2, Episode 8). 150.203.110.172 (talk) 11:33, 11 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Given how attuned the writers were to the fan community, it wouldn't surprise me if they added a 'canon' use of a fan-coined term like that. GRAPPLE   X  12:31, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

Punctuation style
Mass (though not even internally consistent) use of "aesthetic" quotemarks on this page -- which I can't edit, due to semi-protection. Would some fellow style fanatic care to edit this in line with WP:LQ? (Or unprotect, so that I can.) 84.203.34.55 (talk) 16:06, 5 May 2012 (UTC)
 * I've addressed any glaring LQ issues I saw, didn't look to see which quote marks were considered "aesthetic" or not but I pulled punctuation to the outside each time. Page protection expires in two days (was recently protected over recurring vandalism by an IP), so if I've missed anything you'll be able to step in soon; or just let me know if there's anything else in the meantime. GRAPPLE   X  18:08, 5 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the information, and the edit! I'd offer the small modification that lengthy/complete quotes from a particular sources, such as "If people were to know of the things that I know...it would all fall apart." should retain the punctuation inside the quotes (I think there was one such), but your edits to the various episode titles were all correct, I believe.  84.203.34.55 (talk) 05:39, 6 May 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation?
While there are, obviously, many men who smoke in fiction, the other person likely to be referred to as "the Cigarette-Smoking Man" (since his name is not revealed and that is his most obvious distinguishing feature) is the one in The Penultimate Peril. 2.25.130.29 (talk) 22:18, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Is he referred to simply as "The Smoking Man" in those books? If so then this could become a disambiguation if an article was ever created for that character, though I'd argue that this article covers a far more recognised figure and would say a simple hatnote ("For the character from The Penultimate Peril, see ..."). GRAPPLE   X  22:37, 4 October 2012 (UTC)

Request for Comments
There is an RfC on the question of using "Religion: None" vs. "Religion: None (atheist)" in the infobox on this and other similar pages.

The RfC is at Template talk:Infobox person.

Please help us determine consensus on this issue. --Guy Macon (talk) 17:38, 23 April 2015 (UTC)

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Requested move 3 February 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved to Cigarette Smoking Man. wbm1058 (talk) 19:01, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

The Smoking Man → Cigarette Smoking Man – WP:COMMONNAME and reasons below Drovethrughosts (talk) 18:55, 3 February 2016 (UTC) I know this is an old topic, but since I've been rewatching The X-Files lately, including watching beind-the-scenes featurettes, interview, commentaries, etc. it's hard to wonder why this article isn't titled Cigarette-Smoking Man. I would say, from everything I've watched, he's refereed to as that or "CSM" 99% of the time by cast and crew, and is identified as "Cigarette-Smoking Man" in various sources including a profile of his character from the DVDs. The press release for an upcoming episode of the revival bills him as "Cigarette Smoking Man". When comparing Google searches of the exact phrase, its 85,600 for "The Smoking Man" and 210,000 for "Cigarette-Smoking Man". He's listed as "Cigarette-Smoking Man" in a recap for "The End" from an archived version of the official website. While both "The Smoking Man" and "Cigarette-Smoking Man" are the most common and "official" names, I believe CSM is much more appropriate and per WP:COMMONNAME, makes more sense. Thoughts? Pinging relevant, active X-Files editors:, ,. Drovethrughosts (talk) 14:49, 3 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't remember who moved it. But it was formerly titled Cigarette Smoking Man.. I agree with you 100% --TIAYN (talk) 15:31, 3 February 2016 (UTC)
 * It was "Smoking Man" before I got here. Honestly, "Cigarette-Smoking Man" makes more sense to me.-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)   18:24, 3 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Comment the common name is Cancer Man -- 70.51.200.135 (talk) 05:13, 4 February 2016 (UTC)
 * "Cancer Man" is definitely not the more common name than "Cigarette-Smoking Man" for this character. More examples I've come across recently, the back cover of one of the season Blu-rays refers to him as Cigarette-Smoking Man, he's billed with that name in the end credits of the The X-Files film, he's listed with that name on William B. Davis' official website, and of course there's the episode named after him: Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man. The article was moved on December 15, 2009, by Minaker, who cited the above discussion as the reason for it. Drovethrughosts (talk) 14:40, 4 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Support Cigarette Smoking Man with no punctuation, per the episode title "Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man". I would also support the hyphenated version of CSM over "The Smoking Man".  ONR (talk)  21:49, 5 February 2016 (UTC)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Old Naval Rooftops (talk • contribs)
 * It appears there's lots of support for this change, now the silly debate of whether we hyphenate it or not. Regarding "Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man", there is also official sources that have the hyphen, I believe the DVDs use it (I sold my set, but could someone check?) but I know the season 4 Blu-ray uses the hyphen for the episode title. We should compare as many official sources as possible regarding if the hyphen if used or not. I've provided several examples above for both options. Drovethrughosts (talk) 12:52, 6 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Support Cigarette Smoking Man. I wouldn't have thought this, but a Google books search even for "Smoking Man" X-files shows that "Cigarette Smoking Man" is more common. Sources use the hyphen inconsistently, so it's simpler to avoid it here.--Cúchullain t/ c 15:07, 11 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Support Cigarette Smoking Man, no hyphen. Life is like a box of choc-o-lates, with cigarettes. Randy Kryn 21:28, 25 February 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

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Continuity error regarding when he started smoking
The article claimed that Lee Harvey Oswald introduced Smoking Man to cigarettes. However, a flashback in episode 3X16 shows him smoking in 1953. 98.234.13.133 (talk) 20:10, 6 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cigarette Smoking Man


text:
Jamaal Wilkes

Jamaal Abdul-Lateef (born Jackson Keith Wilkes; May 2, 1953), better known as Jamaal Wilkes, is an American former basketball player who was a small forward in the National Basketball Association (NBA). A three-time NBA All-Star, he won four NBA championships with the Golden State Warriors and Los Angeles Lakers. Nicknamed "Silk", he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

Wilkes played college basketball for the UCLA Bruins. He was a two-time consensus first-team All-American and won two NCAA championships under coach John Wooden. He was selected in the first round of the 1974 NBA draft by Golden State. In his first season with the Warriors, he was named the NBA Rookie of the Year and helped the team win a league title. Wilkes won three more NBA championships with the Lakers. His jersey No. 52 was retired by both the Bruins and the Lakers.

Early life
Jackson Keith Wilkes was born in Berkeley, California, and grew up in Ventura. He was one of five children of L. Leander Wilkes, a Baptist minister, and Thelma (Benson) Wilkes. Because he did not like the nickname Jackie, he went by Keith.

Wilkes was the incoming student body president and an All-CIF basketball star at Ventura High School in 1969. However, his father became pastor of the Second Baptist Church in Santa Barbara, and the family moved there prior to his senior year. Starring for Santa Barbara High School with fellow future NBA player Don Ford, Wilkes was voted CIF Class 4A Player of the Year after leading the Dons to 26 consecutive wins and to the playoff semifinals during the 1969–70 season. Wilkes was an All-America Prep player at Santa Barbara High School.

Wilkes' number was retired by both Ventura and Santa Barbara High School.

College career
Wilkes was a two-time consensus first-team All-American at UCLA. He teamed with Bill Walton to bring UCLA the 1972 and 1973 NCAA titles, and a third-place finish in 1974. Wilkes was part of UCLA teams that won a record 88 consecutive games. In three years at UCLA, Wilkes averaged 15.0 ppg and 7.4 rpg and shot 51.4 percent from the field. He was a two-time first-team All-Pacific-8 selection (1973–1974), a member of the 1972 NCAA All-Tournament Team, and a three-time first-team Academic All-American (1972–1974). Prior to joining the varsity team, Wilkes (20.0 ppg), along with Greg Lee (17.9 ppg) and Walton (18.1, 68.6 percent), was a member of the 20–0 UCLA Frosh team. Wilkes graduated from UCLA in 1974 with a BA in Economics.

In March 2007, Wilkes was inducted into the Pac-10 Men's Basketball Hall of Honor. In an interview with the New York Post in 1985 and in several public speaking engagements, legendary coach John Wooden stated, when asked to describe his ideal player: "I would have the player be a good student, polite, courteous, a good team player, a good defensive player and rebounder, a good inside player and outside shooter. Why not just take Jamaal Wilkes and let it go at that."

NBA career
Wilkes spent 12 professional seasons with the Golden State Warriors, Los Angeles Lakers, and Los Angeles Clippers. In his first season, 1974-75, he was named the NBA Rookie of the Year. He was a member of four NBA championship teams – one with Golden State in 1975 and three with the Showtime Lakers (1980, 1982, 1985). One of the most memorable games of his career was the series-clinching Game 6 of the 1980 NBA Finals against the Philadelphia 76ers; Wilkes had 37 points and 10 rebounds, but was overshadowed by rookie teammate Magic Johnson, who started at center in place of an injured Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and finished with 42 points, 15 rebounds, and 7 assists. "Jamaal Wilkes had an unbelievable game", said Johnson in 2011. "Everybody talked about my 42 [points], but it was also his [37-point effort]." An injury prevented him from playing in the 1985 NBA finals against the Boston Celtics, yet the Lakers won the series in six games over the Celtics, 4–2.

In 1982, Wilkes signed a six-year $5.3 million contract with the Lakers.

Wilkes missed the first seven games of the 1984 Playoffs due to a gastrointestinal virus. When he returned to action on May 8, he received a standing ovation from the Forum crowd. He lost his starting spot to James Worthy early in the 1984–85 season and missed the final 40 games of the season and the playoffs after having torn ligaments in his left knee. The Lakers waived Wilkes on August 28, 1985, after he rehabilitated his knee, and he was signed by the Clippers on September 27 for the league minimum salary. On December 24, 1985, Wilkes shocked the Clippers by announcing his retirement, noting his lack of contributions to the team.

For his career, Wilkes registered 14,664 points (17.7 ppg) and 5,117 rebounds (6.2 rpg), averaging 16.1 ppg in 113 postseason games. He played in the 1976, 1981, and 1983 All-Star Games and was named to the NBA All-Defensive Team twice. The Sporting News named Wilkes to its NBA All-Pro Second Team three years. On April 2, 2012, Wilkes was announced as a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame induction class of 2012. He formally entered the Hall on September 7. On December 28, 2012, the Lakers retired Wilkes' jersey, number 52, and on January 17, 2013, UCLA retired his collegiate jersey, also number 52.

Player profile
Wilkes played well without needing the ball in his hands. He was a threat shooting from outside, and was also able to drive inside. He had an unorthodox jump shot, which he developed as a child to be able to compete against bigger kids on the playground.

Later years
Wilkes was hired as vice president of basketball operations by the Los Angeles Stars for the inaugural season of the new American Basketball Association (ABA) in 2000. At Wilkes' request, Wooden also joined the Stars as a consultant.

Personal life
Along with being one of the co-authors behind the book and audio course, Success Under Fire: Lessons For Being Your Best In Crunch Time, Wilkes became a motivational speaker. Upon his retirement from the NBA, he worked in real estate and financial services for 22 years. In 2003, along with business partner Liza Wayne, he founded Jamaal Wilkes Financial Advisors, a firm specializing in wealth management.

Wilkes is a long-time resident of Playa del Rey, where late Lakers owner Jerry Buss, former Lakers coach Phil Jackson, and other Lakers and Clippers players have resided. He has two sons and a daughter. His older son, Omar (born May 13, 1984), graduated from the University of California at Berkeley where he played as shooting guard (6'4") for the basketball team. His youngest, Jordan (born August 10, 1987), also graduated from Berkeley, where he played center (7'0"). Only daughter Sabreen graduated from UCLA in 2005 (also playing volleyball for the college) and went on to pursue a modeling and acting career.

Wilkes made his feature-film debut as Nathaniel "Cornbread" Hamilton in the 1975 basketball-themed drama, Cornbread, Earl and Me.

Wilkes converted to Islam and legally changed his name to Jamaal Abdul-Lateef in 1975, but he continued to use his birth surname only for purposes of public recognition.

title: Jamaal Wilkes


text:
Bab

Bab or BAB can refer to:

 * Bab (toponymy), a component of Arabic toponyms literally meaning "gate"
 * Set (mythology) (also known as Bab, Baba, or Seth) ancient Egyptian God
 * Bab (Shia Islam), a term designating deputies of the Imams in Shia Islam
 * Báb (Sayyid `Alí Muḥammad Shírází, 1819–1850), founder of Bábism and a central figure in the Bahá'í Faith
 * Bab-ı Âli, the gate to the palace of the Grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire
 * Báb, Nitra District, a village and municipality in the Nitra District in western central Slovakia
 * Bab Ballads, cartoons published by W. S. Gilbert under the childhood nickname, Bab
 * Back-arc basin, a geologic feature: a submarine basin associated with island arcs and subduction zones
 * "Base Attack Bonus", a term used in d20 System RPG games
 * Beale Air Force Base (IATA airport code: BAB), in California
 * Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, an academic journal
 * Boris Berezovsky (businessman) (1946–2013), Boris Abramovich Berezovsky, a powerful Russian oligarch in self-imposed exile in London from 2001
 * Build America Bonds, a type of municipal bond created by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
 * Bunty Aur Babli, a 2005 Indian film
 * Bundesautobahn (BAB), federal motorways in Germany
 * B. A. Baracus, character on 1980s action series The A-Team
 * The British Aikido Board, a federation of independent Aikido associations within the United Kingdom
 * British Agriculture Bureau, the Brussels office of the National Farmers' Union of England and Wales, National Farmers' Union of Scotland, and Ulster Farmers' Union
 * Babcock International (stock symbol BAB)
 * Balcombe railway station, a railway station in Sussex, England

title: Bab


text:
River Quoile

The Quoile is a river in County Down, Northern Ireland.

Course
The river begins its life as the Ballynahinch River which flows from west of the town of Ballynahinch to Annacloy where it is known as the Annacloy River. This then becomes the Quoile proper, which flows through Downpatrick and the Quoile Pondage before finally emptying into Strangford Lough.

History
The river was effectively created when Edward Southwell (1705–1755) landlord of Downpatrick built a tidal barrier at the Quoile and began draining the land, creating 500 acres of land from what was previously the western branch of Strangford Lough. The name comes from the narrowest point of the estuary at Finnebrogue, where a ford and ferry existed before the construction of the bridge. Harris, in 1744, mistakenly writes that the name of the bridge should be Coyne (after the branch of Loch Cuan up stream) not Coyle because he overlooked the origin.

Inch Abbey
On the north bank of the river, 0.75 miles (1.2 km) north-west of Downpatrick, the Inch Abbey site was originally on an island (Inis) in the Quoile Marshes. The pre-Norman Celtic monastic settlement here, known as Inis Cumhscraigh (or Inis Cuscraidh), was in existence by the year 800. In 1002 it was plundered by the Vikings led by Sitric, King of the Danes, who came up the Quoile with a fleet from the sea. The Vikings plundered the settlement again in 1149.

Quoile Castle
Quoile Castle is situated 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from Downpatrick, just off the main road from Downpatrick to Strangford, on the east bank of the river. It is a 16th-century Tower house which was inhabited into the 18th century.

Steam-Boat Quay
In September 1837, the County Down and Liverpool Steam-Boat Company commenced regular sailings of their steam packet Victoria between a quay on the Quoile and Liverpool. However, the tides of Strangford Lough made time-keeping difficult and there was insufficient low-volume, high-value trade suitable for a steam-boat route. The company folded in 1839 and their ship was sold off.

The iron steamship Robert Burns, 120 gross tons, built in 1857 on the Clyde, provided a regular cargo service from the Quoile to northern English ports for 17 years from 1866. The main export was agricultural produce and coal the main import.

Quoile Pondage Nature Reserve
Following the building of the tidal barrier in 1957, the Quoile Pondage evolved into a freshwater marsh. A footpath runs along the bank from the old floodgates to the remains of the stream-boat quay.

title: River Quoile


text:
St. John's Institution

St. John's Institution (formerly known as SMK St. John; abbreviated SJI ) is a public all-boys school (sixth form is co-ed) and is one of the oldest schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The school is widely known by its initials, SJI and the students of St. John's Institution bear the name Johannians.

While it is commonly thought that the school is named after Jean-Baptiste de la Salle, the founder of the De La Salle Christian Brothers Order and also known as the Patron Saint of Teachers, the school actually takes its name from St. John the Evangelist which is the sponsoring parish church/cathedral which is also located nearby on Jalan Bukit Nanas.

SJI consists of a primary school and a secondary school. The primary and secondary schools initially were fee paying missionary schools and remained such until the 1970s. They functioned together until the increase in pupil enrollment led to the separation of the primary school in 1960. The primary schools were formerly known in Malay as Sekolah Kebangsaan St. John (1) and Sekolah Kebangsaan St. John (2) until the primary schools were officially merged again recently. The newly merged primary school is known today in Malay as Sekolah Kebangsaan St. John.

The secondary school was called Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St. John, but it was announced in April 2016 that the name would be reverted to St John's Institution, a decision widely applauded by alumni and backed by another Johannian, Sultan Nazrin Shah of Perak.

SJI was among the first 30 schools selected for the Cluster School Scheme when it was first introduced in 2007 by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia.

The La Sallian Brothers and the Board of Governors still hold much more autonomy over the management of the secondary school compared to the Malaysian Ministry of Education. This has allowed the secondary school to maintain a certain amount of prestige. Though the school land is owned by the Roman Catholic Church (including St. John's Cathedral, Kuala Lumpur which is next to the school), much of the school funding is received from the Government of Malaysia.

Site and architecture
The main school building is located in Jalan Bukit Nanas, in the city centre of Kuala Lumpur, next to the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, giving it a lush setting. St. John's Primary Schools are located across the road from the main school building. While the Convent Bukit Nanas, an Infant Jesus Sisters' school for the girls, the AIA building, and the Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur are located further down the road. The Fatima Kindergarten (housed in what is Kuala Lumpur's oldest Catholic church and now converted into a community service centre) and the Roman Catholic St John's Cathedral are located on the road leading up to SJI.

The school is famous for its imposing red and white brick main building with Grecian-Spanish influences where it has been recognized as a Kuala Lumpur Heritage Building since 1986, where else it was gazetted as a National Heritage Site by the Government of Malaysia on 21 May 2010 through National Heritage Department.

Administration
The school has traditionally been headed by the Brothers of the La Sallian order, with a Brother Director (like a headmaster) and a Brother Supervisor (like a deputy headmaster). In recent years, the Brother Supervisor was replaced with three assistant principals, who are not in the La Sallian order.

Former Brother Directors
The headship of the school passed to the laity in 2002 when Peter Yii Sing Chiu became the first non-brother and non-Catholic to head the school. Ending 98 years of Brothers' administration.

Former principals
Note1: Brothers who have served as primary school headmasters since leaving the secondary school include Brother Patrick Arokiasamy, Brother Alban Tang and Brother Matthew Liew.

Note2: On 1 December 2009, Mr. Peter Yii Sing Chiu was replaced by Mr. Leong Kum Loy. Under the administration of Mr. Leong Kum Loy, St. John has been declared a Heritage Site by the Malaysian government.

Note3: The administration of this school has been continued until now by Mr. Ravi Chandran a/l Krishnan, the sixth principal of SJI who has started serving from the middle of June 2022. He is assisted by three senior assistants as follows;

 * Senior Assistant of Administration and Curriculum: Madam Dzaizatul Shikin binti Madrahim
 * Senior Assistant of Student Affairs: Mr. Musannef bin Yatim
 * Senior Assistant of Co-Curricular Activities: Madam Faridah Bee binti MM Abdul Rahman
 * Senior Assistant of Form Six: Madam Selvambigai A/P Arumugam

School history obtained

 * 1954: Golden Jubilee school magazine
 * 1964: Diamond Jubilee Souvenir book
 * 1979: 75th Anniversary Commemorative book
 * 2004: 100 Years Centenary coffee table book

Student
The composition of the students is always of various races and religions, and English is the common spoken language used throughout the establishment of the school.

SJI is an all-boys school, with the exception of sixth form students where it is co-educational. Female students (better known as Eagirls) are only admitted to lower sixth form and upper sixth form in addition to male students. This is the norm for boys' secondary schools in Malaysia.

This school also has the advantages and differences of being one of the schools in Malaysia that accepts the admission of visually impaired students. It has become part of their curriculum, students with visual disabilities should attend regular class sessions like other students. The school has a Resource Room for visually impaired students where it is attended by trained teaching staff and also a club that contains a large number of students who volunteer their time to help visually impaired friends/students.

Sports
St. John's has several activities and sports clubs that are open to all students, including rugby, archery, soccer, hockey, badminton, sepak takraw, gymnastics, fencing, and others.

St. John's has 5 sports houses where the names of the five sports houses in St. John's was taken from the previous Brother Director;

 * Joseph (green)
 * Cornelius (red)
 * Gilbert (brown)
 * Claude (blue)
 * Stephen (yellow)

St John's Institution Cadet Corps
The St John's Institution Cadet Corps was established in 1915, one of the oldest cadet corps in Malaya. It is the oldest cadet corps in this school formed by Lt. Eric Chart. It was under the command of the British Military Somerset Light Infantry during the colonial days.

St John's Institution Naval Cadet Band
The St John's Institution Cadet Band was formed in 1916. The Cadet Band is also one of the few bands in Malaysia which include bagpipes in its ensemble.

In 2005 the St John's Institution Cadet Band Alumni was registered as an alumni body representing ex-band members. Today the members continues their passion through the formation of the Alumni Band, mainly Pipe and Drums, performing at private functions. In history, the band won their first title as 1st place in the "KL State Marching Band Competition 2009". In that year also, the band was granted affiliation with the Royal Malaysian Navy.

Notable Johannians

 * Aizat Amdan, singer and songwriter
 * Zeti Akhtar Aziz, seventh Governor of Bank Negara Malaysia
 * Hishammuddin Hussein, Malaysian Minister of Defence
 * Hans Isaac, actor, entrepreneur
 * Harith Iskander, artist and stand-up comedian
 * Chow Chee Keong, former national goalkeeper
 * Faiz Khaleed, Military dentist, member of Angkasawan program
 * Abdul Ghani Minhat, national football player
 * Farish A. Noor, political scientist and human rights activist
 * Najib Razak, the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia
 * Nazir Razak, Chairman, CIMB Group
 * Syafiq Ridhwan, Asian Gold Medalist, World Bowling Champion
 * Tengku Mohamad Rizam, Tengku Temenggong of Kelantan
 * Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah, Sultan of Selangor
 * Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah, Sultan of Perak
 * Afdlin Shauki, film director

title: St. John's Institution


text:
Nick Berry

Nicholas Berry (born 16 April 1963) is a retired English actor and pop singer. He is best known for his roles as Simon Wicks in EastEnders from 1985 to 1990, and as PC Nick Rowan in Heartbeat from 1992 to 1998. He sang UK chart singles with "Every Loser Wins" in 1986, which went to number one, and the theme song from Heartbeat, a cover of the Buddy Holly song "Heartbeat", in 1992.

Career
Berry started acting at the age of eight, and attended the Sylvia Young Theatre School in London. He played minor parts on television, film, and stage until his big break playing Simon 'Wicksy' Wicks in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, joining the series shortly after its inception in 1985 and staying until the end of 1990. Berry's character was thought up overnight and had been scheduled to appear later. However, he was introduced to restore the cast balance distorted by the unexpected departure of actor David Scarboro who played the original Mark Fowler. Scarboro's departure meant many of his functions as one of the senior of the young characters would need to be taken over by another character and thus Wicksy was introduced rather sooner than originally planned and Berry was cast with minimal delay. He was quickly hailed as EastEnders' top pin-up and during this time was besieged by fan mail from female admirers.

Berry soon took a break from EastEnders to tour and make an album from which the number-one single "Every Loser Wins" came in 1986. The song was heavily featured within EastEnders in a plotline referred to as The Banned in which the youths of Albert Square formed a pop group and performed the songs on screen. It was the second-biggest-selling single in the UK that year, remaining at number one for three weeks. Its composers Simon May, Stewart James and Bradley James each received an Ivor Novello Award.

Berry returned to EastEnders after his musical career stalled but left again in an 'open to return' storyline which was aired in December 1990. His character has only made one brief re-appearance since in an episode dated 13 January 2012, marking the funeral of his on-screen mother, played by Pam St Clement.

In 1992, Berry was cast in the role of policeman PC (later Sgt) Nick Rowan in ITV's drama series Heartbeat (1992–98). Berry recorded the title song "Heartbeat" in 1992, a cover of the 1958 Buddy Holly hit, which reached number two in the UK singles chart and spawned a second album. His wife Rachel Robertson also appeared in the series in small one-off roles. Berry’s era ended with a one-off twin episode special showing his character's new career as a Royal Canadian Mounted Police Officer.

In 1998, Berry left Heartbeat for the BBC One series Harbour Lights. Filmed around the area of Bridport he played harbourmaster Mike Nicholls, which ran for two series.

Berry's other credits include The Mystery of Men with Neil Pearson and Warren Clarke, Respect, Paparazzo, "Duck Patrol", The Black Velvet Band with Todd Carty, and playing the police office Liam Ketman alongside Stephen Tompkinson in the BBC crime drama In Deep.

Berry retired from acting and ran his own production company called Valentine Productions. Berry resigned from the company in October 2019.

Personal life
Just before he joined the cast of EastEnders, Berry fractured his skull in a car crash but went on to make a full recovery.

During his time in EastEnders, Berry was in a relationship with fellow cast member Gillian Taylforth, who played Kathy Beale.

Berry married actress Rachel Robertson in 1994. The couple have two sons, Louis (born 1995) and Finley (born 1998), and the family resides in Epping, Essex.

Berry is a supporter of West Ham United F.C.

Albums
* The two identically titled albums are different.

title: Nick Berry


text:
Miki Higashino

Miki Higashino (東野美紀) is a Japanese video game composer best known for her works in the Suikoden series.

Biography
Miki Higashino first began composing video game music as a student employed by Konami and contributed to various minor products, often uncredited or under the alias MIKI-CHAN or MIKI-CHANG. Her substantial early works include the Gradius soundtrack in collaboration with the Konami Kukeiha Club in 1985. Higashino has since been involved in over a dozen projects and compilations.

Aside from being the primary composer for the original Suikoden soundtrack, she also worked on the Suikoden II soundtrack, a 105 track effort which she composed in its entirety save 7 songs by Keiko Fukami and 1 song by Tappy Iwase. In 2001 Higashino left Konami on maternity leave but later collaborated with videogame composer Yasunori Mitsuda in 2005 on the Tsukiyo ni Saraba (Moonlit Shadow) soundtrack. Arranged versions of her original Suikoden music appear on the Suikoden IV and Suikoden V soundtracks.

Musical style and influences
Higashino cites Maurice Ravel, Gabriel Fauré, Lúnasa, and Hevia as musical influences.

Discography
Composer

 * Gradius (1985)
 * Yie Ar Kung-Fu (1985)
 * Salamander (1986)
 * Life Force (1986)
 * Knightmare (1986)
 * Salamander (MSX) (1987) – with Motoaki Furukawa and Masahiro Ikariko
 * Gradius III (1989) – with Seiichi Fukami, Keizo Nakamura, Mutsuhiko Izumi, and Junichiro Kaneda
 * Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1989) – with Mutsuhiko Izumi
 * Surprise Attack (1990) – with Hidenori Maezawa and Keizo Nakamura
 * Contra III: The Alien Wars (1992) – with Masanori Adachi and Tappi Iwase
 * Premier Soccer (1993)
 * Mōryō Senki MADARA 2 (1993) – with Masanori Adachi and Tappi Iwase
 * Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Tournament Fighters (Mega Drive/Genesis version) (1993)
 * Double Dribble: The Playoff Edition (1994)
 * Tokimeki Memorial (1994) – with Mikio Saito, Seiya Murai, and Hiroe Noguchi
 * Suikoden (1995) – with Tappi Iwase, Hiroshi Tamawari, Setsu Taniguchi, Mayuko Kagesita
 * Gradius Deluxe Pack (1996) (Staff roll music) – with Akira Yamaoka, Kiyohiko Yamane, and Motoaki Furukawa
 * Vandal Hearts: Ancient Lost Civilization (1996) – with Hiroshi Tamawari, Kosuke Soeda, Masahiro Yamauchi
 * Suikoden II (1998) – with Keiko Fukami
 * Gensō Suikogaiden Vol. 1 (2000) – with Keiko Fukami
 * Gensō Suikogaiden Vol. 2 (2001) – with Keiko Fukami
 * 10,000 Bullets (2005) – with Yasunori Mitsuda
 * Pop'n Music: Adventure (2007)

title: Miki Higashino


text:
Floris II, Count of Holland

Floris II, called Floris the Fat (c. 1085 – 2 March 1121) was the first from the native dynasty of Holland to be called Count of Holland, reigning from 1091 until his death.

Life
Floris was the son of his predecessor Dirk V and his wife Othilde. Floris II ended the conflict with the Bishop of Utrecht (which he inherited from his father, and should be seen in light of the power struggle between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor), most likely by becoming his vassal. In 1101, he was endowed with the title of Count of Holland by the bishop of Utrecht, after acquiring Rhineland (Leiden and surroundings) ('comes de Hollant', up until that time the counts' dominion had been officially referred to as Frisia).

Around 1108, Floris II married Gertrude, the daughter of Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine. Gertrude changed her name to Petronilla (after a saint venerated as the daughter of Peter), in recognition of her loyalty to the Holy See. Petronilla and Floris II had four children, three boys and one girl: Dirk, Floris, Simon and Hedwig, respectively. Dirk became his successor, Dirk VI of Holland, while Floris became known as Floris the Black and contested his brother's power.

title: Floris II, Count of Holland


text: File:Toynbee book.jpg

title: File:Toynbee book.jpg


text:
User:Zabek/category:terumah-1

The two audio files listed on this page (held at the Wikimedia Commons) are for demonstration purposes only (for the Miqra project). Further files will not be uploaded in the near future. As examples, these two open source audio files should also be linked to the Wikipedia article on cantillation.

 * commons:image:terumah-1_(IL).ogg (North African melody)
 * commons:image:terumah-1_(SK).ogg (Ashkenazic melody)

title: User:Zabek/category:terumah-1


text:
Talk:Yurikamome

Untitled
Is the term 'boondoggle' the correct one to use here, as in-

"Before its 1995 opening, it was widely feared that the Yurikamome would end up as a multibillion-yen boondoggle."

surely the more well known 'white elephant' would be more appropriate. --Myfanwy 11:01, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I added the information about the english ticket terminals, because I think that's really interesting for anyone who wants to go to Tokyo but is not good at japanese.
 * This is an encyclopedia, not a travel guide. (See Wikitravel for that.) Jpatokal 03:13, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Daviuff (talk) 19:42, 8 January 2008 (UTC) You could add the lenght of the line. 14.7 km as you can see here: http://www.kouwan.metro.tokyo.jp/english/portoftokyo2007/pdfimage/43-44.pdf —Preceding unsigned comment added by Daviuff (talk • contribs) 19:38, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

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title: User talk:193.226.61.146


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Talk:Indo-Parthian Kingdom

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 18:14, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Rewriting and redirect
If nobody disagrees, I will rewrite this according to Robert Senior's reconstruction (ISCH IV) from 2006. Senior refers to forcing chronological consequences - there is no Azes II, as Azes I overstruck one of the coins attributed to him.

The empire of Gondophares I was a loose framework where many smaller dynasties maintained their own coinage, and it immediately fell apart. Later Gondopharid kings and their associates ruled small principalities as far apart as eastern Iran and Sindh.

Senior does not use the term Indo-Parthian at all; the Gondopharids were related to the Apracarajas, and there is little Parthian about them except some stylistic inspiration from Parthian coinage. So the new redirect will be the Gondopharid dynasty, Senior's term.

The king Gundafar in the Acts of Thomas could not possibly be Gondophares I, who was active before the advent of Christianity, according to Senior. It should be a later bearer of the name, which soon became more of a title, like Arsakes for the Parthians. Sponsianus (talk) 11:06, 16 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I have now adapted the chronology to Senior's modern research, which also included moving the references to the Saint Thomas gospel to refer to a later Gondophares (tentatively placed under Gondophares IV, see text), as Gondophares I probably precedes the advent of Christianity. I did however not change the article's title, as Senior refers to the term Indo-Parthian, though sparsely. Senior's chronology does not include the last king, Pacores, but I have nevertheless changed the dating to make his reign adjacent to the earlier rulers, which is no doubt the consensus view of all chronologies. The alternative to update the dates of all kings except Pacores, and suggest that he ruled long after the other Indo-Parthian kings, is not a happy one IMHO. Sponsianus (talk) 09:16, 18 October 2009 (UTC)

Temple or monastery ?
It seams that you have made a mistake : the panoramic vue shows a monastery, not a temple ? "Panorama of ancient Buddhist monastery ruins at the Jaulian archaeological site;". It really looks like a buddhist monastery. ismoon on Wikipédia (France) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ismoon (talk • contribs) 20:01, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051001231146/http://www.grifterrec.com/coins/par_rel/print/i_gondopharesI.jpg to http://www.grifterrec.com/coins/par_rel/print/i_gondopharesI.jpg
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051001231149/http://www.grifterrec.com/coins/indoparthian/i_ipr_pakores_o5.jpg to http://www.grifterrec.com/coins/indoparthian/i_ipr_pakores_o5.jpg
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Accuracy
This article desperately needs sources. The dates seem wrong and don't match with related articles. The infobox has material not sourced in the article. It uses the words Kingdom and empire. It says disestablished around 240 when "Sakastan" (and why is that a redirect instead of linking to its own article at Sakastan?) was conquered by the Sassanian Empirel. But Sakastan says it was formed in 240. Doug Weller talk 18:08, 9 January 2019 (UTC)

 * Ya the article needs some major rewriting - I could only be bothered to somewhat change the lead. Regarding the Sakastan thing, that's a mistake by me. Sakastan was the historic name of Sistan, but also a Sasanian province. So I'm changing Sakastan to Sakastan (Sasanian Province), whilst Sakastan will be redirected to Sistan. --HistoryofIran (talk) 18:15, 9 January 2019 (UTC)

 * I think that we have to to revert these last edit. Nobody knows if the Indo-Parthians were Surens - the suggestion that they were in fact Apracarajas is based on comparison of coinage. Nobody knows if they "officially declared themselves independent from the Parthians", as HistoryofIran has stated in the comments they have left no such records. This kingdom is not known by a contemporary name, and we do not even know if all the rulers (Gondophares I-IV and the others) were even related, as there are so few sources. We should revert to the changes in June 2018, and the new sources can then be added added as an alternative to the ones that have been erased. Sponsianus (talk) 20:51, 20 January 2019 (UTC)

But... we do. The new sources state so. The intro was not the only information that needed change, but in fact the whole article does. The article is outtdated and dodgy. Please dont remove sourced information and re-add outdated stuff which wasn't even sourced to begin with. A lot of new light has been shed about the Indo-Parthians in academic sources these last few years, it's time we move with it. --HistoryofIran (talk) 00:35, 21 January 2019 (UTC)

HistoryofIran: The idea that Gondophares I was a Suren is not new; on the contrary, it is a very old idea, as can be seen on the Suren page: it was promoted by Ernst Herzfeld a hundred years ago. The problem is - to repeat myself - that there are no written sources confirming this. The Gondopharid kings, to my knowledge, never used the title Suren on their coins or in inscriptions (if this is wrong, I welcome references to that, not only to authors who use the word Suren Kingdom). Therefore, this idea should be treated as a hypothesis, not as an established fact. Here is a good, modern survey of the Indo-Parthians, using all modern numismatic literature. Indo-Parthian_descendants_in_the_Sasanian_era. It does not even mention the word Suren.

I, on the other hand, referred to a theory that is built on the modern research that you call for: numismatic evidence associates Gondophares I with the Apracarajas; it is therefore a suitable hypothesis that he was related to them. This is from a study by R.Senior published less than ten years ago. It is not in good style that you removed this referenced section without commenting, and your claim that it was outdated and not sourced is simply false. I intend to include it again in the opening text alongside the Surena hypothesis. This will cause me quite some extra work, so please do not delete it again. --Sponsianus (talk) 06:24, 1 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Just because its not mentioned in their inscriptions/coins doesn't mean it's not likely that they were of Suren clan. There is a reason a great number of scholars state so. Also, I did not remove any 'referenced section', in fact I did the quite opposite. This was the article before my edit(s), do you see any source? The article itself is barely sourced, let alone the lead. So much for my claim being 'false'. If the majority of scholars state they belonged to the Suren clan, then we obviously go with it as the most probable option, it's quite simple, so please put your ideas up here first before you change the article, as that would indeed not be in good style, contrary to my edit(s) which 'removed sourced information'... --HistoryofIran (talk) 08:23, 1 May 2019 (UTC)

Rewrite
+ Apracharajas. TrangaBellam (talk) 06:20, 1 February 2022 (UTC)

 * Paratarajas. TrangaBellam (talk) 06:20, 1 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Indo-Parthian Kingdom


text:
Talk:Eben-Emael

External link not NPOV
The link to http://www.portal-ns.com/thecensure/eben.htm is, in my opinion, far from NPOV. Apart from the fact that www.portal-ns.com is a national-socialist fan website, the article that is linked to only gives the German point of view and only in a biased way.

Sentences like these are clearly not NPOV:

 * "Within seconds the parachutists had broken out of the craft and were standing, the first soldiers of the German Army, on Belgian soil. It was a glorious, sun filled dawn!"

 * "Patrols in the galleries were now using hollowcharge grenades to bring down the ceilings and to cut off the defenders from their comrades in the other forts. Such patrols were not without danger, and one three man group, checking the upper level of galleries between Objectives 12 and 3, was tragically intercepted and destroyed by cowardly Belgian soldiers who had at first deceitfully surrendered to them."

 * "If one includes the two glider loads of men who arrived late, the total of parachutists involved in the operation was 85. Six of these heroes fell in action, twenty more were wounded."

Minuteman 11:08, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eben-Emael


text:
User:FluffyPanda

Date of birth: 5th October 1979

Nationality: English

Location: North Italy

Profession: Computer Programmer

--FluffyPanda 11:11, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User:FluffyPanda


text:
Brawl (game)

Brawl is a real-time card game designed by James Ernest and released in 1999 by Cheapass Games.

Gameplay
Like Spit or Icehouse, players in Brawl do not take turns, instead either making a move or staying inactive as best suits their strategy at that moment. The game is fast-paced (games typically last a minute or two) but still has a fairly high level of strategy.

Each player has a different deck of cards. The object of the game is to win the most Base-cards by playing the most Hit-cards onto each Base before a Freeze-card is played on it. The game ends when a Freeze has been played on every Base in play. A player wins a Base-card if she has more Hits on her side of the Base than her opponent has on his side. If both players have the same number of Hits on the Base, the owner of the Base-card wins the Base.

Reception
In 2001, Brawl: Club Foglio won the Origins Awards for Best Card Game Expansion or Supplement 2000 and Best Graphic Presentation of a Card Game 2000.

In 2005, the French company Eclipse Vis Comica published the six original decks in French (though the cards were in English), and added a new promotional deck, Natacha which was available only with the proof of purchase of all 6 standard decks. These decks were all 44 cards instead of the original 35 cards, and included new rules, including "customization" options. For this edition, the name of the game was changed to Fight, and the characters were all replaced with more flashy, anime-style characters.

In November 2011, the California company Brode Games released the original six decks on iPhone and iPad. BRAWL briefly made the top 25 free card games list on the App Store.

Reviews

 * Pyramid

title: Brawl (game)


text:
User talk:Pouya/Archive

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 00:29, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
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M'kay
You're welcome. Luigi30 03:15, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Welcome
Hi Pouya, and welcome to Wikipedia. I was wondering if you live in Tehran, and if we can meet. I've longed to see an active contributor on Iranian matters apart from myself, for quite a while. BTW, I specially like your attitude towards finding good sources from the Internet. I hope we will be more productive when we compare notes and work on an article from more perspectives. roozbeh 15:24, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)

Redirects and categories
Just a note - redirects should contain only the redirect, they cannot contain categories (at least not yet with the current version of MediaWiki); the only thing which is possible in a redirect additional to the actual redirecting is the inclusion of a template. You can find those at Template messages/Redirect pages. So you should put the category in the article with the text only. andy 08:58, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, they work, but then the redirect doesn't work anymore, but looks like a quite strange article. andy 12:57, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The Humungous Image Tagging Project
Hi. You've helped with User:Sietse Snel/Fix common mistakes project, so I thought it worth alerting you to the latest and greatest of Wikipedia fixing project, User:Yann/Untagged Images, which is seeking to put copyright tags on all of the untagged images. There are probably, oh, thirty thousand or so to do (he said, reaching into the air for a large figure). But hey: they're images ... you'll get to see lots of random pretty pictures. That must be better than looking for at at and the the, non? You know you'll love it. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Hi
Hi Pouya,

Having just found your many great contributions to all Iranian matters I thought it would be nice to say hello. I have been absent for some time but have been and remain very interested in all Iranian articles. I am not Iranian -as is probably very obvious. I am looking forward to a fruitful collaboration Refdoc 22:39, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

links to Iranian
Not all of those links should be disambiguated to Iran, there's a separate page about Iranians, and for non-modern stuff that is more pertinent. --Joy [shallot]   18:06, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Err, it seems SimonP screwed up Iranian. It was previously a disambiguation page, like all other country/nation-related adjectives. I've reverted that unexplained change now, please revert improper disambiguations. --Joy [shallot]   00:09, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

khalij-e Fars
Thanks for correcting my typos! I have started to try to NOPV-ify the main article. It is not easy and I am worried to get kicked soon by everyone. I also introduced a re-direct Arabic Gulf -> Persian Gulf, which will re-inforce this. The important from my point of view is to document what is in use, but not make judgements on what is THE right/wrong way of writing/spelling. Tell me what you think Refdoc 21:36, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I do agree with you. We are here to document facts not national interests. If there is a substantial number of people naming this part of world "Arabian Gulf", this should be documented beside the historical background of the name. It's really hard to keep disputed articles NPOV, but let's do our best. Feel free to ask me if I can be of any help. By the way, I guess the problem is with "Arabian Gulf" not "Arabic Gulf", you can google them. --Pouya 22:29, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Odd indeed - Google throws up several hundred thousand pages bothe for "Arabic Gulf" and "Arabian Gulf", but only the latter appears to attract much anger. How odd! Refdoc 22:45, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * In fact, what appeared in Natinal Geographic's map was "Arabian Gulf". --Pouya 22:49, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

While the NGA search engine shows Persian Gulf. Try it! I guess the main point is - no one apart from the involved states gives a minute thought to the matter and the use in English is largely dictated by what causes least offenseRefdoc
 * Reading your edits on Iran Air Flight 655 and searching for International Court of Justice's stance, I came to this page . ICJ has used "Arabo-Persian Gulf". Seems your idea about being less offensive applies. --Pouya 23:31, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I have refuted your claim about the ICJ regularly using the above mentioned term. I also think that your belief that this term is frequently used and as such should be noted is wrong and have been formed on wrong assumptions to begin with. Please refrain from adding it to the article again.   – Kaveh (talk)   07:37, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

"Farsi Symbol"
I just saw your comment on Mani1's page, about the character "Farsi Symbol". Since I am very deep into Unicode, I very possibly didn't get your point at all. Would you please explain what was the point you were making exactly? roozbeh 15:56, Dec 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Mani1 began removing any refernce to word Farsi on wikipedia by replacing it with Persian. So this also happened to term Farsi Symbol in article Miscellaneous Symbol and Farsi Yeh in Unicode characters for the Arabic alphabet. I reverted both edits and warned Mani1 about pages pertaining to internationally recognized standards. --Pouya 20:04, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah! Got it now. BTW, I don't believe that Mani1 would listen. There has been many cases that he has used copyrighted material from different websites, and he still continues the copyings and pastings, although warned a few times. roozbeh 16:11, Dec 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * At least in this case he replied me on his talk page saying "I agree with you. ". Hope he, at least, leaves standards alone. --Pouya 16:27, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Fairness
Remember that fairness is a good general policy in life. If you are unfair, you will not be in a position to complain about unfair treatment if one day you are treated in kind. one does not need to be particularly bright to realize this simple fact. you may want to pass this bit of advice to the other commie, as well.

 * I'm not concerned about the fairness of the page in question, Discrimination against non-Muslims in Iran. There are rules here about adding tags. Putting when there is no dispute in talk page is not allowed.
 * You are not also in a position to give me advice about my behavior. Here our behavior is subject to rules. If you don't like this leave wikipedia alone.
 * --Pouya 09:30, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

And the rules say if an article is unfair or is baiased you can put in a "disputed" tag. Why do you think the tag was created in the first place? RK is a well-known zionist here. His history speaks for itself. It is best if you stay out of this. If you want to demonstrate your "good boy" behavior for getting a good "grade" here, you can still do it in other articles. But so far, you have demonstrated that you are clearly helping the biased articles against Islamic Republic of Iran. In effect, you are siding with the Zionists and Bahais and Christians against Iran. If you cannot be fair, at least stay out of it.

 * See NPOV_dispute, it's clearly stated that:
 * Please note: The above label is meant to indicate that a discussion is ongoing, and hence that the article contents are disputed and volatile. If you add the above code to an article which seems to you to be biased, but there is no prior discussion of the bias, you need to at least leave a note on the article's talk page describing what you consider unacceptable about the article.
 * So please begin a discussion and bring your reasons before putting a simple tag and trying to pushing me out by accusing me to be siding with this or that. --Pouya 09:54, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

New list
Hi, I have set up a new list: List of Iranian Americans. Please take a look.I think it'll be intresting for you.--Sina 11:07, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

IRIB
Hi Pouya. I dont know how to send messages to users, hence you got no replies from me. But anyway, I worked for IRIB for 2 years. I was the main announcer of the English service of Radio Tehran, broadcast on SW to North America on the late shift around 1993-1995 (Khiyaban e Jaam-e-Jam, saakhtemaan e boroon marzi). However, there is not much to be said about IRIB. You probably know as much as I do about its history, organization, and whatever else. The only insiders info I can give you about it, is that it was run by a bunch of TRUE hardliners. Our chief didnt even have a university degree. To be honest, Im glad I left that place. Working for a place where you KNOW they are broadcasting intentioanl disinformation is not very fulfilling. I do not have good memories of IRIB. (not that CNN or FOX News have any better record either). But being in politics is a bad decision anyway. It corrupts. Thats what I learned from working at IRIB.

I would much prefer to write on other topics of interest. I am a nuclear engineer by training (University of Tennessee), and my specialty area is in Medical Physics. I do research on Lutetium OxyorthoSilicate crystals for detectors in PET and CT scanners. But I also have graduate training in Architecture. I published a paper about Kashan for the (American) Society of Architectural Historians last October. Unfortunately I am too busy nowadays to contribute anything. Especially considering that there are erudites like Roozbeh running around erasing everything I put in. (bacheh bazi).

Good luck to you.

Urgent requirement for reversions and corrections on SAFAVIDS article
Hello Pouya, As I do not know how to revert text to previous versions, may I request you to look at the SAFAVIDS article and revert the contributions of "TABIB" to the previous, far more historical and expressive version. Except for the reference to UZUN HASSAN, which is valuable, the amendmends (formulated in insufficient ENGLISH style) do not constitute an improvement of the article at all. Thank you very much for contributing to Wikipedia quality in general. --Pantherarosa 01:20, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Thaks for helping me do the revert/amendments!--Pantherarosa 02:18, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Article listed twice in a category
Pouya,

There's something wrong with "Category:Cities in Iran". It lists Jiroft twice. The latest version should have a picture of Jiroft Dam on it.

Thanx.--Zereshk 23:44, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Regards, --Pouya 11:04, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) This is a bug and is most probably caused by a lag in database. See for similar cases. You can also report this case there. The duplicate(s) will be removed.
 * 2) To create a link to a category, image or template, you can put a colon after  . For instance to create a link to [[:Category:Cities in Iran, you should type  Category:Cities in Iran .

copy vio
Pouya, bad news, have a look at Ahmad Shamlou Refdoc 21:52, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Isfahan The Movie
Pouya, Did you see the "Isfahan the Movie" animation that I have linked at the bottom of the Persia page? I think it's brilliantly made.--Zereshk 02:23, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Iran Air 655
Youre right about that. Please edit the caption as you see fit.--Zereshk 12:19, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Cheers
Thanks Pouya for the welcome. I'm kinda getting wikipediaholic in 24 hours, but plan to stay and shape those pages in my expertise, as well as small edits here or there. -- Behdad 19:52, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Happy Birthday
Happy Birthday! I saw your birthday listed on meta. I hope you have a great day. Happy editing and Happy Birthday! SWAdair | Talk 07:06, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Tavalod, tavalod, tavalodet mobarak! Refdoc 09:23, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Happy Birthday-et mobarak!--Sina 12:28, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

They never give up
Hi Pouya,

On the Talk:Iran-Iraq_War page, Peregrine981 is trying to change the article in a way that puts the blame of starting the war on Iran as well.

Honestly, I'm a bit tired of arguing facts. She's (or He's) accusing the "Iraq started the war" statement as POV.

Could u throw in a line please so it wont look like it was just my "opinion" that Iraq started the war?Thanx--Zereshk 21:13, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I left a note. Make sure that I'll watch the discussion more closely. Thanks for bringing this to my attention. --Pouya 21:42, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pouya/Archive


text:
User talk:Micropat

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Selphie 11:20, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC) **

title: User talk:Micropat


text:
Fimbles

Fimbles is a British children's television series created and produced by Novel Entertainment. The series has 200 episodes, airing from 2002 to 2004 with repeats airing until early 2012 on CBeebies. The Fimbles are Fimbo, Florrie and Baby Pom, three magical characters who all live in a bright, lush, and colourful place called Fimble Valley. The production of the show itself was filmed at Bray Studios in Berkshire.

The programme has been broadcast in over 100 countries, including the countries Canada, China and all the countries in mainland Europe.

Overview
The series features three magical hippo/pig/tapir-like hybrid creatures called the "Fimbles", who are portrayed by "skin" actors in complex, fluffy animatronic suits and all look quite similar apart from their colour and size. The characters explore Fimble Valley and can find things through a special "sixth sense". When the Tinkling Tree tinkles its bell-like blossoms, it makes the nose, fingers and topknot of one or more Fimbles twitch as they get the "Fimbling Feeling". This tells the character(s) that they are going to find something. It may be a natural phenomenon - a patch of sunlight for example, an everyday object, e.g. a tambourine, or something which would be totally inexplicable in the real world, such as a puddle of blue "galoo". Whatever is found becomes the catalyst for the episode's adventures and the trigger for the Fimbles' creative play. The other characters featured are large-scale puppets who normally help out the Fimbles with something.

The snouted and concentrically-ringed appearance of the Fimbles was based on the eponymous antagonists of Lucy Anna and the Finders, written and illustrated by Sarah Hayes. Although Hayes is cited in the credits of Fimbles, and she was involved in adapting the characters for the television series, the implacably omnivorous Finders (who, throughout the book, threaten to eat Lucy Anna) have nothing else in common with the Fimbles.

Characters

 * Fimbo - A yellow Fimble with green stripes. Fimbo is the oldest, tallest and only male of the trio. He likes to play his Shimmi Shaker and eat crumble crackers. He is operated by John Tobias, Steve Poole and Adam Blaug and voiced by Aidan Cook.
 * Florrie - A blue Fimble with purple stripes. She likes to sing songs and is normally seen with a doll that resembles a Fimble called "Little One". She is operated by Jenny Hutchinson, Leah Green and Holli Hoffman and voiced by Shelley Longworth (Series 1) and Kate Harbour (Series 2).
 * Baby Pom - A green Fimble with pink stripes. Being the youngest and smallest, she has a personality similar to that of a toddler. She generally follows the other Fimbles around their world and normally pushes a yellow wagon called the "Trundle Truck". She is operated by Samantha Dodd and Denise Dove and voiced by Tamsin Heatley.
 * Bessie - A plump pink bird who lives near the waterfall with Ribble. She normally gives out a summary at the end of the programme of what the Fimbles did in the episode and she shows the Fimbles what the found items are. The episode, "Yodelling Echo", reveals she knows how to yodel. She is puppeteered by Neil Sterenberg, Steven Kynman and Robert Skidmore (assistant) and voiced by Tamsin Heatley.
 * Roly Mo - A purple and green striped mole. He has a huge underground library, where he finds a book to show off to the Fimbles in every episode. He is puppeteered by Neil Sterenberg and Iestyn Evans (assistant) and voiced by Wayne Forester.
 * Rockit - A blue tree frog who is normally seen hopping around and being quite inquisitive and energetic. He is puppeteered by Simon Buckley and Katherine Smee and voiced by Wayne Forester.
 * Ribble - An orange male fluffball chick with a light blue beak who is Bessie's son. He makes squeaks that the other characters can understand. He was given black eyes in later episodes. He is operated by Garry Rutter, Dan Carlisle and Matthew Lyons and voiced by Tamsin Heatley.

Series 1 (2002)

 * 1) Hooter
 * 2) Jingly Hat
 * 3) Suitcase
 * 4) Cushion
 * 5) Sock
 * 6) Hoop
 * 7) Red
 * 8) Puzzle
 * 9) Wig
 * 10) Tambourine
 * 11) Tent
 * 12) Pebbles
 * 13) Shiny Button
 * 14) Wind
 * 15) Wellington
 * 16) Red Nose
 * 17) Clockwork Toy
 * 18) Party Hat
 * 19) Blue
 * 20) Pedal Bin
 * 21) Windmill
 * 22) Watering Can
 * 23) Shopping Basket
 * 24) Wooden Spoon
 * 25) Cotton Wool
 * 26) Moon
 * 27) String
 * 28) Russian Dolls
 * 29) Picture Frame
 * 30) Gnome
 * 31) Envelope
 * 32) Sunbeam
 * 33) Reflection
 * 34) Funnel
 * 35) Woolly Hat
 * 36) Postcard
 * 37) Tissues
 * 38) Magic Wand
 * 39) Money Box
 * 40) Shoes
 * 41) Spots
 * 42) Stepping Stones
 * 43) Sleeping Bag
 * 44) Mirror
 * 45) Bubbles
 * 46) Sticky Patch
 * 47) Treasure Hunt
 * 48) Arrow
 * 49) Furry Material
 * 50) Hairbrush
 * 51) Radio
 * 52) Box of Coins
 * 53) Treasure Chest
 * 54) Rainbow
 * 55) Cards
 * 56) Music Box
 * 57) Wrapping Paper
 * 58) Yellow
 * 59) Building Blocks
 * 60) Tune
 * 61) Star
 * 62) Hiccup
 * 63) Glitter
 * 64) Leaf
 * 65) Snowflake
 * 66) Picture Book
 * 67) Keys
 * 68) Triangle
 * 69) Traffic Light

Series 2 (2003)

 * 1) Baby's Rattle
 * 2) Whisper
 * 3) Signpost
 * 4) Scarf
 * 5) Big Box
 * 6) Toy Phone
 * 7) Feather Boa
 * 8) China Plate
 * 9) Tin Tray
 * 10) Sand Timer
 * 11) Box Of Straws
 * 12) Yawn
 * 13) Door
 * 14) Bird Song
 * 15) Jack In The Box
 * 16) Apron
 * 17) Coconut
 * 18) Bucket And Spade
 * 19) Handbag
 * 20) Flag
 * 21) Broom
 * 22) Lunch Bag
 * 23) White Line
 * 24) Glove
 * 25) Trumpet
 * 26) Stripey Towel
 * 27) Coloured Block
 * 28) Silver Foil
 * 29) Smell
 * 30) Purse
 * 31) Bracelet
 * 32) Trousers
 * 33) Alarm Clock
 * 34) Echo
 * 35) Round Mat
 * 36) Quiet Place
 * 37) Maraca
 * 38) Bell Pull
 * 39) Snowman
 * 40) Curtains
 * 41) Feather Duster
 * 42) Ball
 * 43) Egg Cup
 * 44) Horse Shoe
 * 45) Tickle
 * 46) Rose
 * 47) Circle
 * 48) Brown Paper Bag
 * 49) Drum
 * 50) Pick Up Stick
 * 51) Cuddle
 * 52) Kiss
 * 53) Invitation
 * 54) Cactus
 * 55) Chime Bars
 * 56) Dandelion
 * 57) Balloon
 * 58) Whistle
 * 59) Umbrella
 * 60) Comb
 * 61) Fan
 * 62) Scrap Book
 * 63) Musical Baton
 * 64) Bagpipes
 * 65) Plaster
 * 66) Rugby Ball
 * 67) Cloth Bib
 * 68) Smelly Sock
 * 69) Ticket
 * 70) Small Box
 * 71) Hoppy Ball
 * 72) Squeaky Toy
 * 73) Pot of Glitter
 * 74) Raincloud
 * 75) Top Hat
 * 76) Skipping Rope
 * 77) Three Bowls
 * 78) Yellow Flag
 * 79) Acorn
 * 80) Chalk and Board
 * 81) Snow Globe
 * 82) Bean Bag
 * 83) Handbell
 * 84) Kite
 * 85) White Football
 * 86) Red Tree
 * 87) Flowery Hat
 * 88) Shadow
 * 89) Blue Cloth
 * 90) Cowboy Hat
 * 91) Birthday Present
 * 92) Gold Star
 * 93) Teddy Bear
 * 94) Pop-Up Frog
 * 95) Pillow
 * 96) Hole
 * 97) Chequered Flag
 * 98) Dog Basket
 * 99) Tennis Ball
 * 100) Wheelbarrow
 * 101) Shoelaces
 * 102) Cardboard Box
 * 103) Toy Box
 * 104) Yodelling Echo
 * 105) Clockwork Mouse
 * 106) Tinsel
 * 107) Jelly
 * 108) Widget
 * 109) Cold Place
 * 110) Pumpkin
 * 111) Rollerskate
 * 112) Modelling Balloon

Series 3 (2004)

 * 1) Gold Coin
 * 2) Raindrop
 * 3) Castanets
 * 4) Wobbly Board
 * 5) Seashell
 * 6) Kazoo
 * 7) Bead Counter
 * 8) Stethoscope
 * 9) Zills
 * 10) Pop-Up Book
 * 11) Joke Teeth
 * 12) Nodding Dog
 * 13) Wishing Stone
 * 14) Chef's Hat
 * 15) Squiggle
 * 16) Queen's Crown

Related material and spin-offs
In 2004, The Roly Mo Show began airing on CBeebies. As with the original show, this series was also produced by Novel Entertainment and stars Roly Mo and a cast of other characters including Roly's niece Little Bo. The Roly Mo Show concentrates on literacy and books and is made as an educational programme.

Fimbly Songtime, a shortened version of the programme featuring only the songs, has also aired in the past. The programme has also erroneously been listed as Fimbles Songtime.

A radio series titled Rockit's Pocket, featuring the Rockit character, aired on the long-gone CBeebies Radio strand on BBC Radio 7 (now BBC Radio 4 Extra) in 2009.

Horrid Henry, another Novel Entertainment program, has referenced the show and characters frequently throughout the series.

A live touring show produced by BBC Worldwide titled ''Fimbles Live! - It's A Party'' toured theatres across the United Kingdom from April–November 2006 and was devised by the playwright and author David Wood CBE. The show focused on the characters planning a party, with CBeebies presenter Sarah-Jane Honeywell as the special guest, being the first human to visit Fimble Valley.

Merchandise
BBC Worldwide signed a master toy deal with Mattel's Fisher-Price subsidiary for the series in May 2002.

International airings
Until the early 2010s, the series' distribution and marketing was handled by BBC Worldwide. After the deal expired, distribution reverted to Novel Entertainment.

In the Republic of Ireland, Fimbles was broadcast on Network 2 (later changed to RTÉ2 in 2004) as part of a lineup of programmes for younger children called The Den and started airing on 20 January 2003.

In Australia from 3 February 2003 to 30 September 2008, Fimbles was broadcast on ABC and its third digital channel ABC2.

Fimbles (핌블핌블) has been extremely popular in South Korea, where KBS 2TV broadcast the programme under a partnership with the BBC from 23 June 2003 to 29 October 2004. Yoo Sang-won directed the Korean dub, which led the show to become well-known and liked among Koreans at the time because of its both fun and educational aspects. In Spain Fimbles was broadcast on La 2 from March 2004 until Late 2000s during Los Lunnis, Starting from 2005, it was also shown on Playhouse Disney.

As of 1 June 2007 Fimbles (粉宝乐园) is being broadcast in China on Shanghai Media Group's children's network HAHA TV. All 200 episodes are being shown sequentially and dubbed in Mandarin Chinese. As the show in its original format is only 19 minutes long, the show has been lengthened by 5 minutes for the Chinese market.

In Vietnam, since 2008, Fimbles is a part of the show 5 Minutes to Learn English Everyday (5 phút học [tiếng Anh] mỗi ngày), which is produced by HTV4 together with many famous English centres and international schools. However, in VBC, it is a separate show named Những chú heo con Fimbles.

Since June 2008, the show has also been broadcast by Tata Sky DTH in India under a partnership with the BBC on the country's variant of the CBeebies channel.

In Colombia from 2004 and 2007, it was broadcast by Señal Colombia.

In New Zealand, the show was played on TV2.

In South Africa, Fimbles began airing on SABC 1.

In Singapore, it was broadcast by Central and played on their children's block Kids Central. The series aired in Singapore from 2003 to January 2006 and then on Okto in 2011.

In Hong Kong, the series was screened on TVB Pearl.

In Malta, Fimbles was aired on TVM.

In Thailand, the English version of the series was broadcast on Thai cable television TrueVisions (originally known as UBC at the time) on their children's network UBC Spark.

The show has aired on Bang Bang in Albania under the title "Fimbëllsat", with re-runs continuing to air as recently as 2012. It is dubbed in Albanian.

In Israel, Fimbles has been broadcast in Hebrew on the Hop! Channel, One of the voice artists of that dub is Ami Mandelman who also voiced Bert on Rechov Sumsum, and Goofy from The Mickey Mouse Series.

Award nominations

 * BAFTA Children's Awards 2003
 * Nominated for Best Pre-school Live Action Series
 * BAFTA Children's Awards 2004
 * Nominated for Best Pre-school Live Action Series

title: Fimbles


text: User:Junes

title: User:Junes