text:
Talk:Surveying

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Surveying. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140310225310/http://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=394 to http://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=394
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090325194334/http://www.isprs.org/commission3/annapolis/pdf/Schenk.pdf to http://www.isprs.org/commission3/annapolis/pdf/Schenk.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 16:55, 28 August 2015 (UTC)

Maximum Area of Plane Surveying is 100 square miles (260 square km) (not 260 km radius)
I corrected an error on the page which said " Generally the survey works below 260 kilometers radius are treated as plane and beyond that is treated as geodetic." This should read "260 square kilometers", as it is derived from the rule of thumb of using geodetic for areas above 100 square miles, as can be verified for multiple sources, example, example,example. However, this was reverted by Jc3s5h who commented "Vermont is covered by a single state plane coordinate zone; the radius of a circle enclosing the zone would be about 120 km. No doubt larger zones exist.". But that's irrelevant to the actual point of when geodetic surveying is generally used, as geodetic computations can be done using SPCS. Hence I'm reverting to my version Oberono (talk) 22:17, 27 July 2016 (UTC)

 * Sources differ. For example, Wolf & Brinker ("Elementary Surveying" 8th ed. New York: HarperCollins 1989, p. 446) write, of state plane coordinate zones, "If the width of zones is held to a maximum of 158 mi, and if two-thirds of this zone width is between the secant lines, distortions (differences in line lengths on the two surfaces) are kept to 1 part in 10,000 or less. The NGS intended this accuracy in its development of the state plane coordinate system.

 * "For small states such as Connecticut and Delaware, one state plane coordinate zone is sufficient to cover the entire state. Larger states require several zones to encompass them."

 * If you want to go with the more conservative figure, fine, but please cite your sources in the article. Citations on the talk page don't count.Jc3s5h (talk) 12:30, 28 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I presumed the 260 figure was in the cite given, just miscopied as km radius rather than km squared. However it does not show up in the web accessible portions of the book. I'll add another cite. Oberono (talk) 15:24, 28 July 2016 (UTC)

 * This is a dubious assertion. The software that reduces traverses to coordinates corrects every shot for curvature and refraction. Curvature is about one foot per mile and this will cause a closure error (particularly vertical) on a very short traverse. Senor Cuete (talk) 21:15, 6 November 2017 (UTC)

Accidently deleted picture of cadastral surveys in national parks.
Please add. Allenazali (talk) 06:02, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

Accidently deleted picture of cadastral surveys in national parks.
Please add. Allenazali (talk) 06:02, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

Noteworthy Surveyors
After his presidency, Theodore Roosevelt participated in cartographic surveys of rivers in the Amazon basin, so his exclusion from the Rushmore surveyors may not be warranted. There is something that concerns me more though. With the exception of Percy Harrison Fawcett, all of those named in the list are people who distinguished themselves primarily in some other field. They are noteworthy people who were also surveyors at one time. Would it not be more appropriate to omit these and instead acknowledge people for their achievements in surveying? I can think of a few, but not enough for a comprehensive list. --Geometricks (talk) 10:01, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

Topographers and Surveyors
Category:Topographers was separate from Category:Surveyors; I've made the former a member of the latter. Do we want to merge them? According to Google Ngram, topographer is much less common that surveyor. fgnievinski (talk) 21:08, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

Page Lacking Information About Early Methods of Learning Surveying
I came to this surveying page looking for, underneath the history of surveying, some information about the skills that were necessary to become a surveyor in around the years 1666 to 1680. For example, how did one learn to be a surveyor? Did one go to school to become a surveyor? Or was it learned through an apprenticeship? Or both? And what texts were available for teaching surveying? One cannot learn this from the current page. Or, at least, nothing jumped out at me.

One of my ancestors was a surveyor in Massachusetts in 1680, but probably brought these skills with him from England when he emigrated to America ca. 1664-5 (he may also have gone to Leyden, the Netherlands, and emigrated to America from there). He was one of the earliest proprietors of Bristol, but it was a small community, and it's doubtful that he was an apprentice at that stage of his life. It seems that he was wealthy when he arrived in America, as he immediately bought land. I have read both that surveying required some knowledge of trigonometry or at least advanced mathematics AND also that the only schools where surveying was formally taught in that time period were the University of Oxford in England and the University of Leyden in the Netherlands. Was it likely that he attended a school to learn this skill? He died a very wealthy man, judging from his estate inventory at the turn of the 17th to 18th centuries.

It was said that George Washington learned the art of surveying through an apprenticeship, but this was much later. Washington wasn't even born until 1732, so would have turned 21 in 1753. My ancestor, on the other hand, was born ca. 1638, probably near London or Oxford (exact location unknown).

Thank you if someone can improve on the page to help answer some of these questions. Mrs rockefeller (talk) 00:06, 25 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Hello Mrs Rockefeller!
 * I suggest you try and find the book Measuring America by Andro Linklater. The early part of it covers the time period you are concerned with and should at least give you some background information. This is the closest book to the subject that I know of.
 * AFAIK, there were two main types of education at this point: Gentlemen who were expected to have a hand in the management of large British estates learned as part of their mathematics education, and there were also those who were taught some rudimentary techniques and sent into the field to carry out a task, such as those who carried out the field work for the Down Survey of Ireland of 1655.
 * As for the wiki pages, well, I'd love to add some information if I get the time, so expect it any time in the next decade :/ As you no doubt noticed, this article is already bordering on the overly long side, but hopefully one day History_of_surveying_in_the_United_States could include some more info on the subject, and probably will eventually be merged with Surveying_in_North_America to give a more complete view.
 * Hope this helps answer your questions!
 * TBP25 (talk) 03:21, 30 August 2022 (UTC)

Plumbing
The word “plumb” only appears once in this article. I’m not a surveyor, but I know using a plumb rule/plumb bob rule is an important part of the work. It could be linked to the plumb bob/plumb rule page as well. VAGRANTPLATYPUS (talk) 20:59, 12 March 2023 (UTC)

Why things fall on the ground data
Data 119.157.84.72 (talk) 07:37, 14 May 2023 (UTC)

Physic
why thing fall on the ground Data 119.157.84.72 (talk) 07:41, 14 May 2023 (UTC)

Additional citations needed
This page is on an extremely important topic, yet it is very thin on citations. The lead paragraph doesn't even have one source for any of its claims, and citations are sparse in the document. To avoid claims of this being unsourced or original research, this page needs many more citations. GeogSage ( ⚔Chat?⚔ ) 18:26, 4 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Surveying


text:
Jean Schlumberger (writer)

Jean Schlumberger (born Paul Conrad Nikolaus Johann Schlumberger; 26 May 1877 – 25 October 1968) was a French writer, journalist and poet. He was born in Guebwiller, Alsace-Lorraine, and died in Paris.

Biography
Schlumberger was the son of Paul Schlumberger, the scion of a textile manufacturing family of Alsatian origin, and Marguerite de Witt, the granddaughter of François Guizot. Two of his brothers, Conrad and Marcel, founded the Schlumberger company.

Schlumberger is best known as a writer of novels, plays and books of poetry. He was co-founder (with André Gide and Gaston Gallimard) of the Nouvelle Revue Française, a French literary journal. He counted the famous writer Marguerite Yourcenar among his friends. His non-fiction, especially his autobiography, Éveils, has been neglected by critics and literary historians.

Schlumberger was awarded an honorary doctorate from Leiden University in 1954, together with E. M. Forster and Victor E. van Vriesland.

Works

 * La mort de Sparte (The Death of Sparta). This play premièred at the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier in Paris in 1921, and was not well received by the critics or the public.
 * Césaire, play.
 * Les fils Louverné, play.
 * Le camarade infidèle (The Unfaithful Friend), novel, 1922.
 * Plaisir à Corneille – Promenade Anthologique, 1936.
 * Saint Saturnin (English title: The Seventh Age or Saint Saturnin), 1932.
 * Le lion devenu vieux (The Lion Grown Old)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jean Schlumberger (writer)


text:
Salto del Agua metro station

Salto del Agua is a metro (subway) station on the Mexico City Metro. It is located in the Cuauhtémoc borough in the center of Mexico City. Since 9 July 2022, the Line 1 station has remained closed modernization work on the tunnel and the line's technical equipment.

Name and iconography
Its logo represents the Salto del Agua fountain. This fountain is at the end of the old Chapultepec Aqueduct, also known as the Belen aqueduct. This aqueduct ran from what is now Chapultepec Park, following Chapultepec Avenue and Arcos de Belen (Arches of Belen) Streets ending at this fountain. It lies on the border of the historic center, Colonia Doctores and Colonia Obrera. Contrary to popular belief, this fountain is not the original but rather a reproduction. The original fountain had deteriorated significantly, so architect Guillermo Ruiz was tasked with its reproduction, using the original engraved stone epigraphs as a model. What is left of the original fountain is in the National Museum of the Viceregal Period in Tepotzotlán.

General information
Salto del Agua is a transfer station and contains a cultural display. It also has two kinds of architecture, one from Line 1 of the Metro, and the other, more modern style, of Line 8. Line 8 exits connect with Eje Central, which is filled in this zone with bookstores, boutiques, electronics shops, and street traders, locally known as vendedores ambulantes or "ambulantaje".

Metro Salto del Agua also transfers to trolleybus line "A", which runs the full length of Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas and more, from Metro Autobuses del Norte and Metro Tasqueña – the city's main north and south intercity bus stations.

Inside the station is a mural entitled The Three Workers by artist Jason Schell.

Line 1

 * North: Avenida Arcos de Belén, Centro
 * South: Avenida Arcos de Belén, Centro

Line 8

 * Northeast: Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas and Plaza de las Vizcainas, Centro
 * Northwest: Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas and Delicias street, Centro

title: Salto del Agua metro station


text:
Talk:Amerie

Semi-protection
Why is this page semi-protected? --84.203.32.242 21:53, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

Article Name
Shouldn't this go better under Amerie Rogers instead? -- Poli 04:01, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Nope. When possible we use the most common name.  The only reason to move it to Amerie Rogers would be if there was some other artist named Amerie. CryptoDerk 08:29, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)

Then can we please make sure it is 'Amerie' throughout and not an incorrect title (Ameriie) plus various misspellings in the body text. DolphGB (talk) 09:08, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

Copyright on images
Due to the fact that all the images here are copyrighted, I'm having to delete them and remove them from the article. I urge those who uploaded them to Wikipedia to read fair use to see what makes up a fair use image. - Ta bu shi da yu 09:53, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

First Paragraph
http://music.yahoo.com/ar-294353-bio--Amerie Unless this was written by William Ruhlman/has his consent.

Copyright violation
This page will be deleted when technically possible, due to copyright violation. The first 11 revesions are ok and may be restored after deletion. --Duk 23:37, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) correction, copyright violations stay in history unless copyright holder requests deletion. Duk 00:08, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Vocal Profile..
Amerie has really 2,5? Cause I find very weird to have a singer like Amerie with 2,5, and BRITNEY SPEARS with 3,0... so please, people check that

do u guys think that amerie is going to win a grammy??

Indeed! Amerie is known as one of the best (and underrated) singers in R&B! Even Faith Evans has praised her vocal abilities.

Amerie hitting a C6 or D6 in her song "All I have" live

her album is platinum?
are you sure her touch album is platinum?

 * Indeed, according to the BPI (you'll have to go Statistics then Certified Awards, since I can't seem to make a direct link) the album only recieved Silver status. Akamad 23:08, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

i was talkin about her album in the USA is it platinum or Gold?
 * Her album is Gold, but her single 1 Thing is Platinum. --Revolución (talk) 05:51, 19 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I had a look on the riaa.com site, if you search "Amerie" as artist, it states that All I have is Gold, but does not list Touch as either gold or platinum, therefore, I am going to remove the reference to the platinum status. - Akamad 11:40, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

According to billboard.com her album Touch was certified GOLD in August 2005 so i put back the US certification being GOLD hope u didn't mind. can u hellp me i messed up on amerie's album information sorry

sorry my bad

Neither single...
I just need to know what this means:

 * Neither single, although their videos received a lot of attention from digital music video channels.

I'm going to assume that they meant to say "neither single was successful", but I'm not 100% sure. --Revolución (talk) 05:46, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

What is next for Amerie is she coming out with a new single is she going to come out with a new album?? if u have the answer can u post it in her artical??

Touch and All I Have Album sales
what are amerie's current album sales with touch and all i have?

it's anyone going to answer me?? i need answers please

Album and singles Worldwide
How many did amerie's album and single sold worldwide does anybody know??? can anybody post her worldwide sales on her artical if anybody knows??

AMERIE TOUCH ALBUM HAS SOLD 1.8 WORLD WIDE WITH CERTIFICATIONS IN THE US WITH OVER 813,000 IN SALES EUROPE, THE U.K (GOLD)   JAPAN (SILVER)   PLATNIUM DIGITAL SALES AND RING TONES

Endorsement??
Is Amerie still signed on FORD Models?? can somebody tell me???

can somebody please tell me if amerie is signed to ford models???

AMERIE IS SIGNED WITH WILHELMINA AGENCY

Current Sales
What are Amerie's current album and single sales in the U.S. and Worldwide????

Here is all the information I know

According to soundscan

Japan: 81,342 (as of 1/1/2006) UK: 60,000
 * All I Have- 623,000
 * Touch- US: 400,000

 * What is the total sales of her 2 albums worldwide thats what i meant?

Single
It appears that "Take Control" came out in 2006, before the album it was featured on.--Isotope23 02:03, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

Birth age
Some say 1978 and others say 1980. Which one is the true? Funk Junkie 21:59, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * She was born in 1978. The people at IMDB.com confirmed it and they back up their information with Birth certificates and Driver's lisences and stuff. She also graduated college in 2000 when she was 22, so that would back up the 1978 birthdate.LAUGH90 23:53, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * You removed a citation backing up the date; IMDb isn't a reliable source. --Mel Etitis ( Talk ) 22:04, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

 * you make an unverified assertion about IMDb, ignore the comment that she graduated college in 2000 which would tend to back up the idea she was 22 then and 29 now. You have also ignored the You Magazine quote and thrown up the side issue that changes were made by someone who didn't sign in to wikipedia. On its own the fact someone doesn't sign in means nothing and the fact her age was changed to 29 a number of times was becuase you seem to have changed it back ignoring all the points just set out which tend to show she is 29. Singers and actors have lied, or have had people lie on their behalf, about their age since the start of the entertainment industry. --Arran 20:22, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
 * The unreliability of IMDb is an accepted fact here, not my personal opinion. Your calculations are original research. Much of what you say about my comments, though, is apparently made up or confused with someone else on another page.  Your final comment suggests that your certainty in the truth of your claim is misplaced.  Your edit summary, incidentlally, was a personal attack; if repeated, it may lead to your being blocked from editing.  --Mel Etitis  ( Talk ) 23:15, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

 * In the absence of anything more than that shown on this page the unreliability of IMDb is not backed up in any way. I note that you feel that a personal attack was made on you whilst you proceed to make such attacks on me. I too reserve my rights against you for any breach of the rules for wikipedia users. The edit summary as shown does not stand on its own. You ignore sourced material on her age and focus on an aside which does not suggest what you say. --Arran 23:47, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

 * She went to college from 1996-2000--Arran 00:08, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

 * WP:CIVIL and WP:NPA; "personal attack" doesn't mean what you seem to think that it does (whatever that is — it's not clear).
 * The unreliability of IMDb rests on the fact that it can be edited by anyone; if you want to ask at the relevant WikiProjects or at the Village Pump you'll discover that, despite your ungrounded assumption that I'm lying, its unreliability is pretty generally accepted. --Mel Etitis ( Talk ) 21:45, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

Arran, without the courtesy of explaining or discussing here, is simply insisting on his change. This involves not only changing the year of birth, but deleting the source for the existing date in order to replace it with his source for the change. That's simply not acceptable. --Mel Etitis ( Talk ) 21:05, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

I disagree with the first part of the above the reasons for the changes have been set out numerous times:

Vibe article. You Magazine article. German Wikipedia. French wikipedia.

These sources have been repeatedly ignored. This is not appropriate. --Arran 21:16, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

--She graduated in 2000: http://english.georgetown.edu/newsletter/happening.htm. In the absence of discussion in external sources that she went to college at a younger age than normal or she completed the traditional American four year degree in a shorter time it seems highly unlikely that she is now 27. It makes more sense that she is 29. --84.203.32.242 17:22, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

RFC
I saw that someone put in a request for comment on this issue. While I can't speak to which published sources are more reliable or correct I will point out that IMDb, German Wikipedia and French Wikipedia are not reliable sources as defined in WP:RS. All three allow users to submit information which goes against the definition of a reliable source "Reliable sources are credible published materials with a reliable publication process; their authors are generally regarded as trustworthy, or are authoritative in relation to the subject at hand." Stardust8212 19:04, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Seems simple enough, let's find some more reliable sources.

 * Essence says she was 25 years old in July 2005. The Times says  she was 27 on April 29, 2007. The Independent says 27 on 04 April 2007. That all seems consistent. Blender (magazine) says 25 on June 2005, and what's more specifically says "born in Massachusetts on January 12, 1980.".  which seems conclusive.
 * On the other hand, Vibe says she was 27 on July 14, 2005. However I can't find any other reliable sources that say that - they seem to be copies of Wikipedia or IMDB, which are not nearly as reliable.
 * If it was more balanced, some reliable sources writing one, some writing another, I'd say to "write the controversy", give both dates, and say who writes what. But from sheer preponderance of the reliable evidence, I'd consider that Vibe just made a typo, and go with born in 1980. --AnonEMouse (squeak) 18:58, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Hah, found another. "The horse's mouth", so to speak. Her myspace site says "Member Since	4/11/2006 ... 26 year-old". If she were born in 1978, she would have been 28 on 4/11/2006.--AnonEMouse (squeak) 19:03, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I would say that her own myspace site is not reliable. See age is all relevant in the entertainment world-

http://www.scrippsnews.com/node/22266 It also seems a stretch to assume that the Vibe article was either sourcing her age from a suggested inaccurate entry on IMDB or in the alternative was a ' typo' --213.202.180.142 16:48, 14 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Should also say there is a reference in this thread to the UK's Mail on Sunday magazine 'You' saying she is 29. No one has challenged that. Also no reason to assume this derives from IMDB. Lastly can someone perhaps more au fait with US college system outline whether it is a little unusual to go to college at 16 and graduate at 20. Because she seems to have done that if she is indeed 27.
 * What is the source of when she graduated college? NNDb? That's not reliable in the least, even less so than IMDb. --AnonEMouse (squeak) 16:56, 14 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Ah, never mind, University of Georgetown newsletter. That is more reliable. OK, write the controversy. --AnonEMouse (squeak) 16:57, 14 May 2007 (UTC)
 * It is unusual (but not unheard of) to go to college in the US at 16, typical age would be 18 or 17 if the birthday is near the beginning of the school year.Stardust8212 13:32, 15 May 2007 (UTC)
 * But unlike Condi Rice or Gordon Brown, in the UK, I have never seen any interview or profile of Amerie to suggest that this happened. It therefore makes more sense for now that she went at the normal age and that her claimed date of birth of 1980 doesn't stack up. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.202.149.232 (talk) 19:45, 15 May 2007 (UTC).

Per this article  DC's Own Georgetown Alum Amerie In Her Hoya 2000 Yearbook

http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/989617621.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Feb+19%2C+2006&author=The+Reliable+Source&pub=The+Washington+Post&edition=&startpage=D.03&desc=The+Reliable+Source

she was born in 1978. Once must have a premium subscription to view the info (the WP posted her yearbook info). I will try to do a screencap (i have a subscription)of the article & pics & yearbook info. 70.108.85.24 (talk) 19:02, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

Someone changed her birthyear to 1980 but that isnt supported in the washington post links citation. I have corrected it back to 1978. Furthermore, her younger sister Angela's --whose social media name is angelamr80, for her name angela mi rogers born in 1980--birthday is today 21 December; and as Amerie and Angela are not twins Amerie couldn't have been born in 1980. Angela was in college from 98-02 so it support her birthyear as being 1980;so Amerie's birthyear isnt. Lastly, Angela Rogers was profiled in Aug 2009 in the Billboard Magazine article 30 under 30; where her age was given as 28. 65.205.13.26 (talk) 02:39, 22 December 2013 (UTC)

Discography
How come the "Because I Love It" link in the discography on the main page keeps changing? She has the album scheduled for release next month, as references stated before they got deleted. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Aleppo1979 (talk • contribs) 13:26, 21 April 2007 (UTC). Aleppo1979 13:26, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

I added the REFERENCED European and the UK release dates to the "Because I Love It" article. Aleppo1979 17:04, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Refernce should be reliable; it's not clear that the German Amazon site counts (and it's also deprecated as being a commercial link). --Mel Etitis ( Talk ) 07:45, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

I used her UK label site as a source, and I re-added the UK release date in the album article. But why does "Because I Love It" keep disappearing from the list in the Discography section on the main page? Aleppo1979 08:33, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

No-one should be deleting the table clearly showing Amerie's singles. The list that keeps being put in place doesn't show the chart positions and looks shoddy.

I added the US release date in the "Because I Love It" article, citing the source (billboardbiz.com). Aleppo1979 06:44, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

Years of activity
She has been active since 2001, not 2002. She appeared on "Rule", a song by Nas featured on his 2001 "Stillmatic" album. Aleppo1979 14:57, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

Clean-up
A large proportion of the article consists of material on her albums, which should be covered in the respective articles. Significant overlap needs to be removed. --Mel Etitis ( Talk ) 21:11, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

Hip-Hop
I am going to change Amerie's genre to R&B/Hip-Hop. This is because I have heard her refer to her music as Hip-Hop as well as R&B (for example in the 'Outro' of Because I Love It Vol. 1 (Mixtape)) and if anyone should be able to label her it should be herself. Thesean43 15:25, 9 June 2007 (UTC) Also she is mentioned as an example of a Hip-Hop Soul artist in the Hip hop soul article, so for some consistency, I have added Hip-Hop Soul as well. Thesean43 20:28, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

RELETIVES
Cousins Tommy Smith who lives in Baltimore, Md and his sister Shelena Fleming(Smith) who lives in Larel, Md with her husband of 7 years David Fleming. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tommysmith2113 (talk • contribs) 04:11, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

French anti-AIDS campaign collaborative video
Amerie participated in this AIDS campagn video and song, with a number of prominent artists on the French scene, in 2006. I don't know how to include this in the article, but it seems quite important. Suggestions? Themalau 10:22, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Russian?
Amerie's mother in NOT RUSSIAN! Amerie has said herself in many interviews that her mother is Korean. ≈  Alessandro  ♫T • C 07:01, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

Date of birth
I was here reverted some massive deletions of content (including a section blanking) when I noticed that her date of birth was changed from 1980 to 1978. I reverted the age back to 1980, because the change to 1978 was based on speculation. The citations for the 1978 d.o.b. claim were (1) a page listing famous Georgetown grads that listed her as class of 2000 and (2) a reader comment on some article that surmised that since she graduated in 2000, she must actually be born in 2000. The problem with this reasoning is that not everyone graduates from college at the same age. Some people stick grades in school, take heavier course loads, etc. and graduate younger. The speculation of an online reader comment is not a reliable third party source. So unless/until there's evidence to the contrary, I think the article should stick to the age set forth in its reliable cites (e.g. a 2005 article describing Amerie as 25 years old). --JamesAM (talk) 19:29, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

The local newspaper where Amerie lives(Washington Post) published her Georgetown University senior yearbook page. This page has info that Amerie herself submitted. On it Amerie said she was born in 1978. As with so many public figures, she is now lesseing her age. But when she came out in 00 she was honest and said she was 22. 12.39.210.68 (talk) 15:17, 4 November 2009 (UTC)

I just corrected Amerie's DOB to 1978. The reason is Amerie has a younger sister Angela who just celebrated her bday. http://twitter.com/ItsAmeriie/status/281946137609515008, http://twitter.com/ItsAmeriie/status/282280236446519296 http://twitter.com/angelamr80/status/282335877626228739, http://twitter.com/angelamr80/status/282159639641092096 Angela was born in1980, so since Amerie is older than Angela Amerie herself couldnt have been born in 1981. 108.28.34.129 (talk) 07:15, 24 December 2012 (UTC)

Change of name.
Amerie has changed the spelling of her name from Amerie to Ameriie. Can this be reflected in the article name?

http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a245087/amerie-changes-spelling-of-name.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.36.234.50 (talk) 16:37, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

I understand Amerie added the double "I" to her name. But as of right now, her record label is still labeling her as AMERIE, not AMERIIE. Promotions for her upcoming music is still labeled under AMERIE, not AMERIIE. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.190.210.130 (talk) 14:30, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

Why Don't We Fall In Love
It says in this article that Ameries debut single "Why Don't We Fall In Love" reached number twenty-three on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a top ten hit on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs but if you look on Billboard this song never entered those charts... Which information is correct? --81.236.210.39 (talk) 12:09, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

Artistry data overflow
Having noticed the data box stating about there being far too many quatations ect, I was wondering if anyone would mind if we could tidy up the section and have the most necessary data in place. For example her vocal info and any other descriptions about her technical skills? If anyone is interested in teaming up with me to clear the quatations ect into wikiquote and minimize the section to a more tidy form please drop me a line and let me know as it all seems like a bit overkill at the moment. Many thanks guys and feel free to drop me a line if you are interested BrotherDarksoul (talk) 23:15, 07 February 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 3 one external links on Amerie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20131223110929/http://www.billboard.com:80/charts/2005-05-07/r-b-hip-hop-songs to http://www.billboard.com/charts/2005-05-07/r-b-hip-hop-songs
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090327063608/http://www.bpi.co.uk/pdf/BestSellingSingles01-05.pdf to http://www.bpi.co.uk/pdf/BestSellingSingles01-05.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20130608171854/http://www.billboard.com:80/charts/2009-07-18/r-b-hip-hop-songs? to http://www.billboard.com/charts/2009-07-18/r-b-hip-hop-songs

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 02:22, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Amerie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090422190659/http://www.blender.com:80/guide/67984/miss-thing.html to http://www.blender.com/guide/67984/miss-thing.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 05:38, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Amerie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20130725041339/http://www.billboard.com/artist/278898/amerie/chart?f=349 to http://www.billboard.com/artist/278898/amerie/chart?f=349

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 16:14, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Amerie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090724172059/http://blogcritics.org:80/music/article/interview-amerie-singer-and-songwriter/page-5/ to http://blogcritics.org/music/article/interview-amerie-singer-and-songwriter/page-5/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131211194409/http://www.saveoursoul.nl/artists/features/amerie.html to http://www.saveoursoul.nl/artists/features/amerie.html
 * Added tag to http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&title=Touch&artist=Amerie&perPage=25
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111003192833/http://earstyle.net/2011/06/18/should-have-been-a-hit-ameriie-not-the-only-one/ to http://earstyle.net/2011/06/18/should-have-been-a-hit-ameriie-not-the-only-one/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:35, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Amerie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120208185151/http://www.vh1.com/video/shows/maxim-hot-100-06/88504/maxim-hot-100-amerie-interview.jhtml to http://www.vh1.com/video/shows/maxim-hot-100-06/88504/maxim-hot-100-amerie-interview.jhtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120209024625/http://www.mtv.com/bands/a/amerie/news_feature_050509/ to http://www.mtv.com/bands/a/amerie/news_feature_050509/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150904024728/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php to http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:55, 11 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 13 external links on Amerie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130530184252/http://myplay.com/artists/amerie/bio to http://www.myplay.com/artists/amerie/bio
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://blogcritics.org/music/article/interview-amerie-singer-and-songwriter/page-5/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150924055300/http://www.ohamerie.com/gallery/images/sprite8.jpg to http://www.ohamerie.com/gallery/images/sprite8.jpg
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140517122431/http://www.ohamerie.com/gallery/images/sprite16.jpg to http://www.ohamerie.com/gallery/images/sprite16.jpg
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100127182941/http://www.theroot.com/multimedia/top-10-hip-hoprb-songs-00s to http://www.theroot.com/multimedia/top-10-hip-hoprb-songs-00s
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120402032808/http://www.limitemagazine.com/2009/08/qa-amerie/ to http://www.limitemagazine.com/2009/08/qa-amerie/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195018/http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?ID=2395&src=blender_ed to http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?ID=2395&src=blender_ed
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111115153712/http://highbridnation.com/2008/06/12/amerie-signs-with-def-jam/ to http://highbridnation.com/2008/06/12/amerie-signs-with-def-jam/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090221085124/http://www.mahalo.com/Amerie to http://www.mahalo.com/amerie/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111117020837/http://concreteloop.com/2011/07/music-news-ameriie-discusses-cymatika-vol-1-possible-rich-harrison-reunion to http://concreteloop.com/2011/07/music-news-ameriie-discusses-cymatika-vol-1-possible-rich-harrison-reunion
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141230213747/http://www.mtv.co.uk/the-wrap-up-0/news/ameriie-drops-new-track-mustang-listen-now to http://www.mtv.co.uk/the-wrap-up-0/news/ameriie-drops-new-track-mustang-listen-now
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110723011605/http://www.myplay.com/artists/amerie/bio to http://www.myplay.com/artists/amerie/bio
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141230213428/http://audreymagazine.com/ameriie-is-back-new-albums-new-novels-new-youtube-channel/ to http://audreymagazine.com/ameriie-is-back-new-albums-new-novels-new-youtube-channel/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:54, 26 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Amerie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141006142208/http://sosogay.co.uk/2014/things-im-writing-sci-fi-fantasyameriie-chats-gay/ to http://sosogay.co.uk/2014/things-im-writing-sci-fi-fantasyameriie-chats-gay/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:02, 3 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Amerie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120709055515/http://www.hiponline.com/109/amerie-interview.html to http://www.hiponline.com/109/amerie-interview.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192518/http://www.blurty.com/userinfo.bml?user=_amerie to http://www.blurty.com/userinfo.bml?user=_amerie

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:32, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

Article name
Hello (and everyone else reading), I reverted the name change to match the article name, that you then reverted. After doing a little research it looks like this is a bit disputed on both sides. My question is that if we are going to be using the 'i' spelling in the article the article name should probably match, obviously with a redirect from the current name and also known as with the 'ii' spelling. More than happy to help make the changes, but think there should be some consistency. 17:53, 20 October 2018 (UTC)

Hey, thanks for letting me know about this. I only changed the name back to one 'I' due to what I saw on her Instagram posts. I can put the link. On her posts when she posted her new album cover, her name is only spelled one 'I' on there and also her username is just one 'I'. I think if she announced it vocally that she changed it back to one 'I' it would've been more clearer for us all. I'm sorry for the confusion. Nichelle1999 (talk) 16:04, 22 October 2018 (UTC)Nichelle1999

Removed references to her as a record producer
There were a couple references to her title being record producer but there was no citations to her being a record producer. All the mentions of producers in the article were people who produced her (which does not make her a record producer). Her Allmusic page shows no producing credits, either. Actaudio (talk) 04:56, 12 February 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 11:51, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Amerie.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:19, 17 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Amerie, Red Dress Collection 2006.jpg

"This biography of a living person relies too much on references to primary sources." Concern
Hey it's Crimson, I'm annoyed at the fact administrators of the platform don't bother to fix the "This biography of a living person relies too much on references to primary sources" issue that Amerie's article has... Thank You! — Preceding unsigned comment added by CrimsonC 02 (talk • contribs) 19:59, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:06, 16 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Amerie 2017.jpg

title: Talk:Amerie


text:
User:SPUI/NYC Subway dates

Most of IRT is at

IND is at

Astoria Line

 * ~1920

Brighton Line

 * July 2, 1878 (steam), 1896 (el)

title: User:SPUI/NYC Subway dates


text:
Corky and the Juice Pigs

Corky and the Juice Pigs was a Canadian comedy musical group made up of Phil Nichol (guitar and vocals), Greg Neale (mandolin and vocals), and Seán Cullen (harmonica and vocals). Their output consisted mainly of original comedic songs, largely satirical and often parodying various musical styles.

History
Corky and the Juice Pigs began performing on a comedy show on the University of Windsor's CJAM campus radio station. There, the group hosted a show called "Last Laughs on Us". They referred to themselves as "The Little Bits of Gravel". This line up comprised Nichol, Cullen, and Joe Costa.

After their stint on college radio, Costa, Cullen, and Nichols entered a comedy competition hosted by Eugene Levy that was touring Canadian university campuses in the late 1980s. They joined the contest under the moniker "Corky and the Juice Pigs". Costa left the group early into their career to pursue a teaching occupation, and was replaced by Greg Neale. One of their early national Canadian TV appearances was on the MuchMusic program Much West in the late 1980s, during which they performed a parody of kabuki theatre.

The Canadian band Barenaked Ladies toured with Corky and the Juice Pigs in 1989/1990, joining them on an Eastern Canadian tour. Barenaked Ladies also opened for them several times in their hometown of Toronto.

They are best known in the United States for their performances on MADtv, including their most famous song, "Eskimo". The group has also parodied specific performers, often by performing their own songs in the style of others.

The group also toured internationally, netting a Perrier Award nomination at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1993. They also attracted a loyal fan base in Australia thanks to touring in the early 1990s, an appearance on The Big Gig and airplay on radio stations such as 3PBS and 3RRR where they were regularly played on magazine-style comedy show The Cheese Shop. As a result, they still attracted sell out crowds at their last appearances at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival towards the end of their career.

Buck a Song (1992)
Cassette only
 * 1) "Jesus"
 * 2) "Gameshow"
 * 3) "Todd!"
 * 4) "Pickle"
 * 5) "C. Gameshow"
 * 6) "Skateboard"
 * 7) "P.S.A."
 * 8) "Miners"
 * 9) "Suzanne"
 * 10) "D. Gameshow"
 * 11) "Pandas"
 * 12) "P.S.A. 2"
 * 13) "Rok Stedy"

Corky and the Juice Pigs (1993)

 * 1) "Ben"
 * 2) "Pandas"
 * 3) "Basketball"
 * 4) "Gameshow 1"
 * 5) "666-6666"
 * 6) "P.S.A."
 * 7) "Doubt"
 * 8) "Skateboard"
 * 9) "Eskimo"
 * 10) "Todd"
 * 11) "Concierge"
 * 12) "P.S.A."
 * 13) "Psycho"
 * 14) "Buddhists"
 * 15) "Gameshow 2"
 * 16) "Truckers"
 * 17) "Rok Stedy"
 * 18) "Candy"
 * 19) "Love Affair"
 * 20) "P.S.A."
 * 21) "Miners"
 * 22) "When the Moon"
 * 23) "Captain Greg"
 * 24) "Suzanne"
 * 25) "Gameshow 3"
 * 26) "Americans"

Pants(1994)

 * 1) "Pants"
 * 2) "Circus Freaks"
 * 3) "Rabies"
 * 4) "Janitor"
 * 5) "Enviro-Girl"
 * 6) "Dolphin Boy"
 * 7) "Diet Riot"
 * 8) "Curly's Pants"
 * 9) "The Church"
 * 10) "Christmas Dreams"
 * 11) "Picnic Party"
 * 12) "French Cowboys"
 * 13) "BVG (Burn Victim Girl)"
 * 14) "Hot Squat Hombre"
 * 15) "REMember"
 * 16) "The Boot Cut"

Filmography

 * 1996 – A Little Off the Top
 * 1996 – MadTV (guest appearance, Fox Television)
 * 26 October 1998 – SketchCom (guest appearance, CBC Television)

title: Corky and the Juice Pigs


text:
Depersonalization-derealization disorder

Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPDR, DDD) is a mental disorder in which the person has persistent or recurrent feelings of depersonalization and/or derealization. Depersonalization is described as feeling disconnected or detached from one's self. Individuals may report feeling as if they are an outside observer of their own thoughts or body, and often report feeling a loss of control over their thoughts or actions. Derealization is described as detachment from one's surroundings. Individuals experiencing derealization may report perceiving the world around them as foggy, dreamlike, surreal, and/or visually distorted.

Depersonalization-derealization disorder is thought to be caused largely by interpersonal trauma such as early childhood abuse. Adverse early childhood experiences, specifically emotional abuse and neglect have been linked to the development of depersonalization symptoms. Feelings of depersonalization and derealization are common from significant stress or panic attacks. Individuals may remain in a depersonalized state for the duration of a typical panic attack. However, in some cases, the dissociated state may last for hours, days, weeks, or even months at a time. In rare cases, symptoms of a single episode can last for years.

Diagnostic criteria for depersonalization-derealization disorder includes persistent or recurrent feelings of detachment from one's mental or bodily processes or from one's surroundings. A diagnosis is made when the dissociation is persistent, interferes with the social or occupational functions of daily life, and/or causes marked distress in the patient.

While depersonalization-derealization disorder was once considered rare, lifetime experiences with it occur in about 1–2% of the general population. The chronic form of the disorder has a reported prevalence of 0.8 to 1.9%. While brief episodes of depersonalization or derealization can be common in the general population, the disorder is only diagnosed when these symptoms cause substantial distress or impair social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Signs and symptoms
The core symptoms of depersonalization-derealization disorder are the subjective experience of "unreality in one's self", or detachment from one's surroundings. People who are diagnosed with depersonalization also often experience an urge to question and think critically about the nature of reality and existence.

Individuals with depersonalization describe feeling disconnected from their physicality; feeling as if they are not completely occupying their own body; feeling as if their speech or physical movements are out of their control; feeling detached from their own thoughts or emotions; and experiencing themselves and their lives from a distance. While depersonalization involves detachment from one's self, individuals with derealization feel detached from their surroundings, as if the world around them is foggy, dreamlike, or visually distorted. Individuals with the disorder commonly describe a feeling as though time is passing them by and they are not in the notion of the present. In some cases, individuals may be unable to accept their reflection as their own, or they may have out-of-body experiences. Additionally some individuals experience difficulty concentrating and problems with memory retrieval. These individuals sometimes lack the "feeling" of a memory where they are able to recall a memory but feel as if they did not personally experience it. These experiences which strike at the core of a person's identity and consciousness may cause a person to feel uneasy or anxious. The inner turmoil created by the disorder can also result in depression.

First experiences with depersonalization may be frightening, with patients fearing loss of control, dissociation from the rest of society and functional impairment. The majority of people with depersonalization-derealization disorder misinterpret the symptoms, thinking that they are signs of serious psychosis or brain dysfunction. This commonly leads to an increase of anxiety and obsession, which contributes to the worsening of symptoms.

Factors that tend to diminish symptoms are comforting personal interactions, intense physical or emotional stimulation, and relaxation. Distracting oneself (by engaging in conversation or watching a movie, for example) may also provide temporary relief. Some other factors that are identified as relieving symptom severity are diet or exercise, while alcohol and fatigue are listed by some as worsening their symptoms.

Occasional, brief moments of mild depersonalization can be experienced by many members of the general population; however, depersonalization-derealization disorder occurs when these feelings are strong, severe, persistent, or recurrent and when these feelings interfere with daily functioning. DPDR is most commonly experienced as chronic and continuous. However, for a minority who have DPDR as an episodic condition, duration of these episodes is highly variable with some lasting as long as several weeks.

Causes
The exact cause of depersonalization is unknown, although biopsychosocial correlations and triggers have been identified. It has been thought that depersonalization can be caused by a biological response to dangerous or life-threatening situations which causes heightened senses and emotional numbing.

Psychosocial
There is growing evidence linking physical and sexual abuse in childhood with the development of dissociative disorders. Childhood interpersonal trauma – emotional abuse in particular – is a significant predictor of a diagnosis of DPDR. Compared to other types of childhood trauma, emotional abuse has been found to be the most significant predictor both of a diagnosis of depersonalization disorder and of depersonalization scores, but not of general dissociation scores. Some studies suggest that greater emotional abuse and lower physical abuse predict depersonalization in adult women with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients with high interpersonal abuse histories (HIA) show significantly higher scores on the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale, when compared to a control group. Earlier age of abuse, increased duration and parental abuse tend to correlate with severity of dissociative symptoms. Besides traumatic experiences, other common precipitators of the disorder include severe stress, major depressive disorder or panic attacks. People who live in highly individualistic cultures may be more vulnerable to depersonalization due to a hypersensitivity towards threats and fears of losing control.

A 2010 study found evidence that some users participating in virtual reality (VR) may be more likely to experience dissociation after use. Users reportedly experienced higher levels of a lessened sense of presence in reality after exposure to VR. However, it was noted that the effects of exposure were likely to rapidly disappear after returning to objective reality. Additionally, individuals who reported higher preexisting dissociation levels as well being more easily immersed or absorbed in imagination overall were found to be linked to higher increases in dissociative symptoms after the VR exposure. This study offered evidence towards a link between imaginative processes of the brain and dissociative experiences.

Neurobiology
There is converging evidence that the prefrontal cortex may inhibit neural circuits that normally form the basis of emotional experience. In an fMRI study of DPDR patients, emotionally aversive scenes activated the right ventral prefrontal cortex. Participants demonstrated a reduced neural response in emotion-sensitive regions, as well as an increased response in regions associated with emotional regulation. In a similar test of emotional memory, depersonalization disorder patients did not process emotionally salient material in the same way as did healthy controls. In a test of skin conductance responses to unpleasant stimuli, the subjects showed a selective inhibitory mechanism on emotional processing.

Studies are beginning to show that the temporoparietal junction has a role in multisensory integration, embodiment, and self-other distinction. Several studies analyzing brain MRI findings from DPDR patients found decreased cortical thickness in the right middle temporal gyrus, reduction in grey matter volume in the right caudate, thalamus, and occipital gyri, as well as lower white matter integrity in the left temporal and right temporoparietal regions. However, no structural changes in the amygdala were observed.

A PET scan found functional abnormalities in the visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortex, as well as in areas responsible for an integrated body schema.

One study examining EEG readings found frontal alpha wave overactivation and increased theta activity waves in the temporal region of the left hemisphere. It is unclear whether genetics plays a role; however, there are many neurochemical and hormonal changes in individuals with depersonalization disorder. DPDR may be associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the area of the brain involved in the "fight-or-flight" response. Patients demonstrate abnormal cortisol levels and basal activity. Studies found that patients with DPDR could be distinguished from patients with clinical depression and posttraumatic stress disorder.

The vestibular system may also play a role in DPDR. The vestibular system helps control balance, spatial orientation, motor coordination, but also plays a role in self-awareness. Disruption to this system can potentially cause a feeling of detachment from surroundings. Several studies have shown that patients with peripheral vestibular disease are also more likely to have dissociative symptoms when compared to healthy individuals.

Dissociative symptoms are sometimes described by those with neurological diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis (MS), etc., that directly affect brain tissue.

Assessment
Diagnosis is based on the self-reported experiences of the person followed by a clinical assessment. Psychiatric assessment includes a psychiatric history and some form of mental status examination. Since some medical and psychiatric conditions mimic the symptoms of DPDR, clinicians must differentiate between and rule out the following to establish a precise diagnosis: temporal lobe epilepsy, panic disorder, acute stress disorder, schizophrenia, migraine, drug use, brain tumor or lesion. No laboratory test for depersonalization-derealization disorder currently exists. As patients with dissociative disorders likely experienced intense trauma in the past, concomitant dissociative disorders should be considered in patients diagnosed with a stress disorder (i.e. PTSD or acute stress disorder).

The diagnosis of depersonalization disorder can be made with the use of the following interviews and scales:

 * The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D) is widely used, especially in research settings. This interview takes about 30 minutes to 1.5 hours, depending on individual's experiences.

 * The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) is a simple, quick, self-administered questionnaire that has been widely used to measure dissociative symptoms. It has been used in hundreds of dissociative studies, and can detect depersonalization and derealization experiences.
 * The Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DDIS) is a highly structured interview which makes DSM-IV diagnoses of somatization disorder, borderline personality disorder and major depressive disorder, as well as all the dissociative disorders. It inquires about positive symptoms of schizophrenia, secondary features of dissociative identity disorder, extrasensory experiences, substance abuse and other items relevant to the dissociative disorders. The DDIS can usually be administered in 30–45 minutes.
 * The Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS) is a method for determining the severity of depersonalization disorder. It has been proven and accepted as a valid tool for the diagnosis of depersonalization disorder in a clinical setting. It is also used in a clinical setting to differentiate minor episodes of depersonalization from actual symptoms of the disorder. Due to the success of the CDS, a group of Japanese researchers underwent the effort to translate the CDS into the J-CDS or the Japanese Cambridge Depersonalization Scale. Through clinical trials, the Japanese research team successfully tested their scale and determined its accuracy. One limitation is that the scale does not allow for the differentiation between past and present episodes of depersonalization. It may be difficult for the individual to describe the duration of a depersonalization episode, and thus the scale may lack accuracy. The project was conducted in the hope that it would stimulate further scientific investigations into depersonalization disorder.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)
In the DSM-5, the word "derealization" was added to "depersonalization disorder" and renamed "depersonalization/derealization disorder" ("DPDR"). It remains classified as a dissociative disorder.

Patients must meet the following criteria to be diagnosed per the DSM-5:

 * 1) Presence of persistent/recurrent episodes of depersonalization/derealization
 * 2) Ability to distinguish between reality and dissociation during an episode (i.e. patient is aware of a perceptual disturbance)
 * 3) Symptoms are severe enough to interfere with social, occupational, or other areas of functioning
 * 4) Symptoms are not due to a substance or medication
 * 5) Symptoms are not due to another psychiatric disorder

International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11)
The ICD-11 has relisted DPDR as a disorder rather than a syndrome as previously, and has also reclassified it as a dissociative disorder from its previous listing as a neurotic disorder. The description used in the ICD-11 is similar to the criteria found in the DSM-5. Individuals with DPDR are described as having persistent/recurrent symptoms of depersonalization/derealization, have intact reality testing, and symptoms are not better explained by another psychiatric/neural disorder, substance, medication, or head trauma. Symptoms are severe enough to cause distress or impairment in functioning.

Differential diagnoses
DPDR differentials include neurologic and psychiatric conditions as well as side effects from psychoactive substances or medications.

Neurologic

 * Seizures
 * Brain tumor
 * Post-concussion syndrome
 * Metabolic abnormalities
 * Migraines
 * Vertigo
 * Meniere's disease
 * Visual snow syndrome

Psychiatric

 * Panic attack
 * Phobias
 * Post-traumatic stress disorder
 * Acute stress disorder
 * Depression
 * Bipolar disorder
 * Schizophrenia
 * Borderline personality disorder
 * Other dissociative disorders
 * Dissociative identity disorder

Consequence of psychoactive substance use

 * Marijuana
 * Hallucinogens
 * MDMA
 * Ketamine
 * Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

Prevention
Depersonalization-derealization disorder may be prevented by connecting children who have been abused with professional mental health help. Some trauma specialists strongly advocate for increasing inquiry into information about children's trauma history and exposure to violence, since the majority of people (about 80%) responsible for child maltreatment are the child's own caregivers. Trauma-specific intervention for children may be useful in preventing future symptoms.

Treatment
Treatment of DPDR is often difficult and refractory. Some clinicians speculate that this could be due to a delay in diagnosis by which point symptoms tend to be constant and less responsive to treatment. Additionally, symptoms tend to overlap with other diagnoses. Some results have been promising, but are hard to evaluate with confidence due to the small size of trials. However, recognizing and diagnosing the condition may in itself have therapeutic benefits, considering many patients express their problems as baffling and unique to them, but are not, in fact, and are recognized and described by psychiatry. However, symptoms are often transient and can remit on their own without treatment.

Treatment is primarily pharmacological. Self-hypnosis training can be helpful and entails training patients to induce dissociative symptoms and respond in an alternative manner. Psychoeducation involves counseling regarding the disorder, reassurance, and emphasis on DPDR as a perceptual disturbance rather than a true physical experience. Clinical pharmacotherapy research continues to explore a number of possible options, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), benzodiazepines, stimulants and opioid antagonists (ex: naltrexone).

Cognitive behavioral therapy
An open study of cognitive behavioral therapy has aimed to help patients reinterpret their symptoms in a nonthreatening way, leading to an improvement on several standardized measures. A standardized treatment for DPDR based on cognitive behavioral principles was published in the Netherlands in 2011.

Medications
Tentative evidence supports the use of opioid antagonists (naloxone) and other medications like benzodiazepines or methylphenidate. Evidence suggests the beneficial use of lamotrigine adjunct to an SSRI but not as monotherapy.

A combination of an SSRI and a benzodiazepine has been proposed to be useful for DPDR patients with anxiety.

Modafinil used alone has been reported to be effective in a subgroup of individuals with depersonalization disorder (those who have attentional impairments, under-arousal and hypersomnia). However, clinical trials have not been conducted.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
Some studies have found repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to be helpful. One study examined 12 patients with DPDR that were treated with right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) rTMS and found that 50% showed improvement after three weeks of treatment. Five of the participants received an additional three weeks of treatment and reported overall a 68% improvement in their symptoms. Treating patients with rTMS specifically at the TPJ may be an alternative treatment.

Prognosis
Michal et al. (2016) analyzed a case series on 223 patients suffering from DPDR and agreed that the condition tended to be long-lasting. However, while no medication has been confirmed to successfully treat the condition, psychotherapy might help. In some cases, recovery can take place organically, without formal treatment.

Epidemiology
Men and women are diagnosed in equal numbers with depersonalization disorder. A 1991 study on a sample from Winnipeg, Manitoba estimated the prevalence of depersonalization disorder at 2.4% of the population. A 2008 review of several studies estimated the prevalence between 0.8% and 1.9%. This disorder is episodic in only one-third of individuals, with each episode lasting from hours to months at a time. Depersonalization can begin episodically, and later become continuous at constant or varying intensity.

Onset is typically during adolescence, although some patients report being depersonalized as long as they can remember, and a small minority report a later onset (by age 40). According to the DSM-5-TR, less than 20% of patients with the disorder first experience symptoms after age 20 years; 80% or more have their onset in the first 2 decades of life - childhood and adolescence. The onset can be acute or insidious in nature. With acute onset, some individuals remember the exact time and place of their first experience of depersonalization and/or derealization. This may follow a prolonged period of severe stress, a traumatic event, or an episode of another mental illness. Insidious onset may reach back as far as can be remembered (early childhood), or it may begin with smaller episodes of lesser severity that become gradually more intense and more disabling. Some patients report persistent depersonalization and/or derealization throughout the day, nearly everyday.

Relation to other psychiatric disorders
Depersonalization exists as both a primary and secondary phenomenon. The most common comorbid disorders are depression and anxiety, although cases of depersonalization disorder without symptoms of either do exist. Comorbid obsessive/compulsive behaviors may exist as attempts to deal with depersonalization, such as checking whether symptoms have changed and avoiding behavioral and cognitive factors that exacerbate symptoms. Many people with personality disorders such as schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder will have experiences of depersonalization. Patients with complex dissociative disorders, including dissociative identity disorder, experience high levels of depersonalization and derealization.

History
The word depersonalization itself was first used by Henri Frédéric Amiel in The Journal Intime. The 8 July 1880 entry reads: "I find myself regarding existence as though from beyond the tomb, from another world; all is strange to me; I am, as it were, outside my own body and individuality; I am depersonalized, detached, cut adrift. Is this madness?"

Depersonalization was first used as a clinical term by Ludovic Dugas in 1898 to refer to "a state in which there is the feeling or sensation that thoughts and acts elude the self and become strange; there is an alienation of personality – in other words a depersonalization". This description refers to personalization as a psychical synthesis of attribution of states to the self.

Early theories of the cause of depersonalization focused on sensory impairment. Maurice Krishaber proposed depersonalization was the result of pathological changes to the body's sensory modalities which lead to experiences of "self-strangeness" and the description of one patient who "feels that he is no longer himself". One of Carl Wernicke's students suggested all sensations were composed of a sensory component and a related muscular sensation that came from the movement itself and served to guide the sensory apparatus to the stimulus. In depersonalized patients, these two components were not synchronized, and the myogenic sensation failed to reach consciousness. The sensory hypothesis was challenged by others who suggested that patient complaints were being taken too literally and that some descriptions were metaphors – attempts to describe experiences that are difficult to articulate in words. Pierre Janet approached the theory by pointing out his patients with clear sensory pathology did not complain of symptoms of unreality, and that those who have depersonalization were normal from a sensory viewpoint.

Psychodynamic theory formed the basis for the conceptualization of dissociation as a defense mechanism. Within this framework, depersonalization is understood as a defense against a variety of negative feelings, conflicts, or experiences. Sigmund Freud himself experienced fleeting derealization when visiting the Acropolis in person; having read about it for years and knowing it existed, seeing the real thing was overwhelming and proved difficult for him to perceive it as real. Freudian theory is the basis for the description of depersonalization as a dissociative reaction, placed within the category of psychoneurotic disorders, in the first two editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

It can be argued that because depersonalization and derealization are both impairments to one's ability to perceive reality, they are merely two facets of the same disorder. Depersonalization also differs from delusion in the sense that the patient is able to differentiate between reality and the symptoms they may experience. The ability to sense that something is unreal is maintained when experiencing symptoms of the disorder. The problem with properly defining depersonalization also lies within the understanding of what reality actually is. In order to comprehend the nature of reality we must incorporate all the subjective experiences throughout and thus the problem of obtaining an objective definition is brought about again.

Society and culture
Depersonalization disorder has appeared in a variety of media. The director of the autobiographical documentary Tarnation, Jonathan Caouette, had depersonalization disorder. The screenwriter for the 2007 film Numb had depersonalization disorder, as does the film's protagonist played by Matthew Perry. Norwegian painter Edvard Munch's famous masterpiece The Scream may have been inspired by depersonalization disorder. In Glen Hirshberg's novel The Snowman's Children, main female plot characters throughout the book had a condition that is revealed to be depersonalization disorder. Suzanne Segal had an episode in her 20s that was diagnosed by several psychologists as depersonalization disorder, though Segal herself interpreted it through the lens of Buddhism as a spiritual experience, commonly known as "Satori" or "Samadhi". The song "Is Happiness Just a Word?" by hip hop artist Vinnie Paz describes his struggle with depersonalization disorder. Adam Duritz, of the band Counting Crows, has often spoken about his diagnosis of depersonalization disorder.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/University of Toronto Engineering Society

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 23:24, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

University of Toronto Engineering Society
Nothing in this article worth keeping. Not notable. --Spinboy 04:04, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but should be merged with Skule. - SimonP 04:28, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * U of T engineering school culture is noted around the area and across Canada – positively, for their infamous satirical publishing program, and negatively, for past controversies over sexism and sexual harassment. Keep information; preferably as an expandible article, but if a merger target is needed, there's always Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering. Samaritan 05:13, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, article needs expansion. Megan1967 05:48, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, But can just redirect to Skule really. Inter 12:28, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Skule, but I'm not sure which way. University of Toronto Engineering Society seems to be the full/formal name, and Skule seems to be a colloquial term. If I had to pick, I'd redirect the colloquial term to the formal name. —Mar·ka·ci 17:13, 2005 Feb 2 (UTC)
 * Keep. Do not merge.  GRider\talk  19:23, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mlm42 05:36, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Needs expansion. Jayjg (talk)  19:43, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
McCrory Stores

McCrory Stores or J.G. McCrory's was a chain of five and dime stores in the United States based in York, Pennsylvania. The stores typically sold shoes, clothing, housewares, fabrics, penny candy, toys, cosmetics, and often included a lunch counter or snack bar. They also exclusively sold Oriole Records, one of the most popular 'dime store labels' from 1921 to 1938.

Founding
John Graham McCrorey (1860–1943) opened his first store in Scottdale, Pennsylvania, in 1882. By 1885, the chain had five stores in Pennsylvania. McCrory was known for his thrifty nature, so much so that he legally dropped the e from his last name so he would not have to pay for extra letters on his store signs.

One of the firm's policies was to acquire locations whenever property could be found at a reasonable purchase price. In November 1925, approximately ⅔ of its stores were leased, with the remainder owned by a subsidiary, the McCrory Realty Corporation. The retailer's gross sales approached $30 million by the mid-1920s, when it operated 187 stores.

With 244 retail units in its chain, the company entered bankruptcy in January 1933. The company was dissolved, but it was eventually re-established as McCrory Stores and resumed operations. One of the early investors was Sebastian Spering Kresge, who later founded the S.S. Kresge chain, which became Kmart. In 1899, Kresge traded his interest in the McCrory's Memphis, Tennessee store for McCrory's interest in the Detroit, Michigan, store, giving him control there. In 1987, the Kmart Corporation sold its remaining Kresge and Jupiter stores in the United States to McCrory Stores.

History
At its height, McCrory's operated 1,300 stores under its own name and as TG&Y, McLellan (merged in 1958), H. L. Green, Silvers, G.C. Murphy, J.J. Newberry and Otasco, which it had acquired through the years. McCrory's parent Rapid-American also owned Lerner Stores and National Shirt (acquired by McCrory's in 1960).

Meshulam Riklis purchased McCrory in 1960 and merged it with the rival H.L.Green Co. and moved its headquarters to Springettsbury Township, York County, Pennsylvania, in 1963. At the time it was the fourth largest retailer in the United States. Riklis controlled McCrory's through the Rapid-American holding company, which was managed by Samuel Neaman. Riklis' famed sleight of hand, shifting assets between notable brand name successful companies and holding companies is best exemplified by his handling of McCrory Stores, driving the brand name into bankruptcy while keeping the assets. Among the retailers controlled by McCrory's at the time were Best & Co., Lerner Shops, and S. Klein.

The company continued to thrive and grow during the 1960s and '70s. McCrory Stores purchased the 439 unit J.J. Newberry Company in 1972. It operated Newberry as a separate division and continued to open stores under the Newberry banner.

On January 1, 1981, McCrory purchased the S.H. Kress & Co. chain from Genesco. The 66 store chain, once a fierce rival, was a natural fit for the variety store chain.

As the economic expansion of the 1980s progressed, so did the successes of McCrory. They continued to expand and remodel stores as volume and profits grew exponentially.

McCrory purchased the Oklahoma-based TG&Y Discount store chain in 1985. This proved to be a difficult transition for the company as the discount chain was not a natural fit for McCrory. Many of the stores were beyond the typical 10-15K Sq. Ft. footprint that the company operated in and the merchandise mix was very different. The TG&Y stores were not profitable and drained McCrory of valuable assets. Many of the TG&Y stores were converted to the Bargain Time banner that McCrory operated and were closed as the 1980s came to an end.

In 1987, McCrory Stores purchased the 76 remaining Kresge and Jupiter stores from the K Mart Corporation which had long given up on the variety stores division, reuniting the companies. All stores were converted to the McCrory banner.

In 1989, McCrory Stores purchased the GC Murphy Co. from Ames Stores. The sale included the remaining GC Murphy Stores and Bargain World Stores as well.

Decline
In 1989, 1,300 stores were operated by the McCrory company. However, as the decade turned, its fortunes decreased, and by 1992 it filed for bankruptcy. The changing retail landscape including the migrating of shoppers from the inner cities to the influx of superstores such as Target and Wal-Mart sealed the fate of the once mighty Five And Ten. Several rounds of store closures followed, with one of the biggest coming in 1997 when McCrory's shuttered 300 of its last 460 stores. The company also converted some stores to their Dollar Zone format of dollar store, but these closed in early 2002. In December 2001, McCrory Stores announced the remaining McCrory's, TG&Y, G. C. Murphy and J.J. Newberry stores it was operating would begin liquidating and in February 2002 the company ceased operation.

title: McCrory Stores


text:
Isabel la Católica metro station

Isabel la Católica is a metro station on the Mexico City Metro. It is located in the Colonia Centro neighborhood in the Cuauhtémoc borough in Mexico City's downtown. The station closed on 9 July 2022 for modernization work on the tunnel and the line's technical equipment. It was partly reopened in October 2023.

General information
Its logo represents one of Christopher Columbus's three caravels. Its name comes from nearby Avenida Isabel La Católica, named after Queen Isabel of Castile, who helped Columbus finance his journeys to the Americas. The station was opened on 5 September 1969.

Nearby

 * University of the Cloister of Sor Juana, private university located in the former San Jerónimo Convent.
 * Museo de Charrería, museum dedicated to the sport and tradition of the charreada.

Exits

 * North: Avenida José María Izazaga and Isabel la Católica, Centro
 * South: Avenida José María Izazaga and Isabel la Católica, Centro

title: Isabel la Católica metro station


text:
Saint-René Taillandier

Saint-René Taillandier (16 December 1817 – 22 February 1879) was a French writer and critic.

Life
Taillandier was born René Gaspard Ernest Taillandier, in Paris. He completed his studies in Heidelberg, and then became professor of literature successively in Strasbourg, Montpellier and at the Sorbonne, where he was nominated to the chair of French eloquence in 1868. Most of the articles included in his published volumes first appeared in the Revue des deux mondes.

In January 1870 he became general secretary of the ministry of education, and continued in this office after the fall of the Empire. He became officer of the Legion of Honour in 1870, and was elected to the Académie française in 1873. He died in Paris.

Works
His works include Allemagne et Russie, études historiques et litteraires (1856), Le Poète du Caucase, Michel Lermontoff (1856), Maurice de Saxe (2 vols. 1865), Tchèques et Magyars (1869), Le Général Philippe de Ségur (1875).

title: Saint-René Taillandier


text: User talk:24.4.32.200

title: User talk:24.4.32.200


text:
Template talk:Mac-stub

Scope?
Is there any particular reason why this stub category should be limited to OS X? -Aranel (" Sarah ") 04:13, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

We need a stub to handle all the computer material that involves Apple computers and Macs. There are currently only 10 entries in mac OS X-stub. I propose the name should be changed to cover all Apple/Mac material. (How do we do that?) RJFJR 02:08, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)

The reason I limited it to only Mac OS X was due to the other stubs for Windows and Linux, both operating systems, and I wanted to keep the congruency. That being said, I suppose it's possible to create a stub template for Apple-related articles that do not necessarily involve Mac OS X, such as stuff related to iPods, iTunes, company history, past products, et cetera. Aequo 06:17, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Note that the Windows category does not specify which version of Windows. But yes, I think it would actually be more useful to expand this template to contain what you have described. (There shouldn't be any need to create a new template. Just change the usage of this one; it would also be appropriate to change the category.) -Aranel (" Sarah ") 16:28, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Further to this, there appears to be an incongruence between the naming used in the stub. The template name states "mac-stub", implying all things Macintosh. Whereas the template text states "This Mac OS X article is ..." implying that the stub is only to be used for Mac OS X related articles. If I want to apply the stub template to an article regarding OS 7 (for example) it's not quite clear whether or not the stub template is appropriate. I propose changing the text to state "This Apple Macintosh related article ..." (or at least something similar). --TheParanoidOne 22:32, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

Fine by me. Aequo 04:11, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. I left the OS X in there. Let's see how that sits ... --TheParanoidOne 05:10, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Image
I was wondering if we should use the Finder icon/Mac OS logo in stead of the Tiger box? Dread Lord C y b e r S k u l l ✎☠ 02:57, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
 * That sounds reasonable. Seeing as the text has been changed from OSX to generic Mac, I guess the image should be, as well. --TheParanoidOne 09:09, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, did it. Dread Lord C y b e r S k u l l ✎☠ 22:46, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

This is unacceptable. Fair use images are inappropriate for templates. Please see Fair use. —Cryptic (talk) 22:06, 23 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, I read the cited policy and see your point. Now all we have to do is think of an alternative. Any suggestions? Dread Lord C y b e r S k u l l ✎☠ 00:04, 24 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps something like Image:Macintosh SE.jpg (with the table edited out, which I'd be willing to do), or something similar to Image:Original iMac.jpg (if someone's willing to create a free version)? —Cryptic (talk) 03:04, 24 October 2005 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Crystal mac.png|left]]I have found a solution, to my left. It is part of the free Crystal collection in the commons. I stumbled across it 5 min ago, and have made the change. Dread Lord C y b e r S k u l l ✎☠ 08:39, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

We Need more templates like this...
I see that this is a great templates, but Apple articles do not only pertain to the Mac, so could we please get some iPhone, iPad and iPod templates also... espically for stubs... Thank you The Wikimon (talk) 08:08, 8 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Mac-stub


text:
Talk:Orange Volunteers

Cleanup
I found this article in the clean-up list, and researched and reworked it. Most of the original is gone (with only three sentences there wasn't much to work with). I took away the npov tag, realized I shouldn't have, and just put it back.

How am I doing? This is my almost-first contribution. With 2 sentences and 7 links, it's a little lopsided, but the info on this group dries up after 2001 so there isn't much to say without getting into analysis of N. Ireland peace process (which wouldn't be encyclopedic). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tea maven (talk • contribs) 05:33, 2 February 2005 (UTC)

 * I really can't figure out why you need the POV tag on this one, but the information leaves more questions--"They are comprised largely of members who disagreed with their organizations' faith in the cease-fire process."-- which organizations would those be? There's plenty of room in their history for expanding without digging into analysis of the whole peace process, not to mention what they actually took part in.  Write more, please.  For me.siafu 23:26, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)

1970s Orange Volunteers
No mention is made of the fact that a significant but unrelated organisation known as the Orange Volunteers existed in the 1970s and took part events such as the UWC strike of 1974 and later Paisley-led strike of 1977. See the entry on the CAIN website. This should be mentioned at least, possibly it would be sufficiently notable to warrant a page of its own. Shipyard Special (talk) 21:35, 2 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Orange Volunteers. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110722195448/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/sep00att.html to http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/sep00att.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110722195306/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/dec01batt.html to http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/dec01batt.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150924065005/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/aug02att.html to http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/aug02att.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204824/http://www.irishnews.com/articles/540/5860/2008/11/20/603415_364109661226Loyalists.html to http://www.irishnews.com/articles/540/5860/2008/11/20/603415_364109661226Loyalists.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070524093948/http://www.scottishloyalists.co.uk/paramilitaries/ovolunteers.htm to http://www.scottishloyalists.co.uk/paramilitaries/ovolunteers.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:41, 21 January 2018 (UTC)

Orange Volunteers website
http://web.archive.org/web/20030429215838/http://free.freespeech.org/ovs/HTML/page2.html

Archived version of the "Loyalist Voice" a website heavily connected to the OV's Ulsternorthman (talk) 19:05, 28 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Orange Volunteers


text:
Moctezuma metro station

Moctezuma is a station on Line 1 the Mexico City Metro. It is located in the Colonia Moctezuma and Colonia Balbuena neighborhoods of the Venustiano Carranza borough, to the northeast of the centre of Mexico City.

The station logo portrays a stylised drawing of the feathered headdress of Moctezuma II Xocoyotzin, the penultimate Aztec emperor, for whom the station is named. The station also boasts a display containing a reproduction of the feathered headdress, the original of which is currently held by the Museum of Ethnology in Vienna, Austria. The station was opened on 4 September 1969.

This station runs under Avenida Ignacio Zaragoza. Back when trolleybus line "F" was still running this metro station connected with it, and the trolleybus ran between Nueva Atzacoalco neighbourhood, north of the city, and Villa Coapa, south of the city. From July 2022 to October 2023, the station was closed due to modernization works on the tunnel and the line's technical equipment.

title: Moctezuma metro station


text:
Seth Peterson

Seth Peterson (born August 16, 1970) is an American actor, best known for his roles as Robbie Hansen from 1999 until 2002 on the television series Providence and Nate Westen on Burn Notice from 2007 through 2012.

Personal life
Peterson was born in New York City to George Kanouse and Cheryl Peterson. He has a half-sister named Lara.

He married actress Kylee Cochran on May 20, 2001. The couple have three children together. Cochran filed for divorce in late 2013, stating that Peterson "left the marriage" on September 20, 2013, and was, at the time, living with a 22-year-old woman.

Career
In addition to being a series regular on Providence, Peterson had the recurring role of Nate Westen, the brother of lead character Michael Westen, on Burn Notice. He had leading roles in independent features Sedona (2011) and Hate Crime (2005). Other roles include the Hallmark Entertainment Movie of the Week: Hard Ground (2003), in which Peterson co-starred as Burt Reynolds's son Joshua; Godzilla (1998) and Can't Hardly Wait (1998). Notable television guest star roles include such series as NCIS (2003) playing Thomas Pierce in Season 9's episode "Devil's Triangle", Charmed (2003) playing The Beast/Derek in Season 6's episode "Little Monsters", CSI: NY (2004) in the role of Henry Willens in Season 4's episode "Boo" and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2000) as Perry Haber in Season 7's "Burn Out" on CBS.

Poetry
Seth started writing poetry in his teen years and lost interest after a while. Shortly after he joined Twitter in March 2011, he was inspired to write and share his poetry again. On February 10, 2013, Seth became a published poet. His book, #Eclection, a top 20 bestseller on Amazon, contains 48 of his best poems written up to its publication date.

title: Seth Peterson


text: User talk:65.24.136.197

title: User talk:65.24.136.197


text:
Category:Compositions by Niccolò Paganini

Compositions by Niccolò Paganini.


text:
Balbuena metro station

Balbuena metro station is a station of the Mexico City Metro in Venustiano Carranza, Mexico City. It is an underground station with two side platforms served by Line 1 (the Pink Line) between Moctezuma and Boulevard Puerto Aéreo stations. It serves the colonias (neighborhoods) of Jardín Balbuena and Moctezuma 1ª sección, along Calzada Ignacio Zaragoza. The station's pictogram features the silhouette of four flowers with four petals each, in reference to the Balbuena Garden, found in the neighborhood of the same name, and from which the station takes its name.

Balbuena station opened on 4 September 1969 with service westward toward Chapultepec and eastward toward Zaragoza. In 2019, the station had an average daily ridership of 13,431 passengers, making it the 133rd busiest station in the network and the second least used on the line. The facilities are partially accessible to people with disabilities as there are escalators and access ramps. From July 2022 to October 2023, the station was closed due to modernization works on the tunnel and the line's technical equipment.

Location
Balbuena is a metro station located along Calzada Ignacio Zaragoza, in Venustiano Carranza, Mexico City. The station serves the colonias (Mexican Spanish for "neighborhoods") of Jardín Balbuena and Moctezuma 1ª sección. Within the system, the station lies between Moctezuma and Boulevard Puerto Aéreo. The area is serviced by a Centro de transferencia modal (CETRAM), a type of transport hub.

Exits
There are two exits:
 * North: Calzada Ignacio Zaragoza and 17 Street, Moctezuma 1ª sección.
 * South: Calzada Ignacio Zaragoza and De la Portilla Avenue, Jardín Balbuena.

History and construction
Line 1 of the Mexico City Metro was built by Ingeniería de Sistemas de Transportes Metropolitano, Electrometro and Cometro, the latter a subsidiary of Empresas ICA. Its first section opened on 4 September 1969, operating from Chapultepec to Zaragoza stations. Balbuena is an underground station that has a partially disabled-accessible service with escalators and access ramps. The station's pictogram features silhouettes of four flowers with four petals each referencing the neighborhood's garden of the same name. In turn, the garden was named after Bernardo de Balbuena, a Spanish poet whose work includes "La grandeza mexicana" ("The Grandeur of Mexico").

The Balbuena–Boulevard Puerto Aéreo tunnel is 595 m long, while the Balbuena–Moctezuma section measures 703 m. In 2016, the station received renovation works; these included the addition of antibacterial porcelain sheeting and the installation of LED lighting technology, as well as the sealing of leaks and the replacement of electrical panels.

On 20 January 2021, the station was flooded with sewage following a failure in the sump system attributed to power outages caused by the PCCI fire that occurred two weeks earlier. The station was closed on 11 July 2022 for modernization work on the tunnel and technical equipment of the line. Authorities reopened it fifteen months later, on 29 October 2023.

Ridership
According to the data provided by the authorities since the 2000s, and before the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport, commuters averaged per year between 12,400 and 15,700 daily entrances between 2013 and 2019; the station had a ridership of 4,902,639 passengers in 2019, which was an increase of 111,634 passengers compared to 2018. Also in 2019, Balbuena metro station was the 133rd busiest station of the system's 195 stations, and it was the line's second least used.

title: Balbuena metro station


text:
Talk:12 gauge

Discussion moved from article
This article is not correct because the gauge does not actually refer to the number of lead balls. This is so, because when using a slug you are using no balls but a single slug. Gauge can also refer to thickness of other metals. -- 209.42.65.246, 02:56, 2 Feb 2005 UTC

 * I dissagree. Gauge goes refer to the number of ball required to make a pound.I think you are confusing this by thinking that the article says that a 12 gauge always has 12 balls, 20 gauge 20 balls, and so on. This would indicate that a shot gun fires a POUND of shot. A normal load might be one ounce. A 12 gauge can have 4 large balls of shot, or 100 small ones. It can have a ruber baton, fletchetts (winged nails) or as you say slugs. So, gauge is only for measuring a barrel, not indicating what is always fired from it. -- 66.140.72.204, 04:15, 2 Feb 2005 UTC

 * Hey, 209.42.65.246. You should immediately contact the editors at Oxford, Websters, et al, and let them know that the definition of gauge that they've been using for the last four hundred years is wrong.  Good luck with that.The Dogfather 14:59, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

12 gauge shell sizes
I think this article should not be a redirect to gauge discussion. There should be discussion here of the different 12 gauge shells, 2 3/4", 3", 3 1/2", years of introduction, etc... Yellowking 23:57, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Time for disambiguation page?
The Gauge (bore diameter) article's hatnote is becoming a paragraph of its own.

12 Gauge may refer to:

In firearms:
 * Caliber, for firearms other than shotguns
 * Gauge (bore diameter)
 * Gauge, disambiguation page

In music: –  Ker αun oςc op ia◁ galaxies  03:23, 2 May 2010 (UTC)
 * 12 Gauge (album), 2010 album by Finnish band Kalmah
 * Emerson Drive, former name of Canadian rock group

title: Talk:12 gauge


text:
List of Kansas locations by per capita income

Kansas has the 26th highest per capita income in the United States, at $20,506 (2000). Its personal per capita income is $29,935 (2003).

Kansas counties ranked by per capita income
Note: Data is from the 2010 United States Census Data and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/6chan

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 14:38, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

6chan
Something which doesn't exist yet is usually unencyclopedic. -- Curps 04:23, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. —Mar·ka·ci 04:31, 2005 Feb 2 (UTC)
 * Delete, not yet notable. Megan1967 05:49, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not yet and never will be extant. humblefool® 06:12, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, You want to do the what now? Inter 12:23, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * One would think that. Although the wide range of encyclopaedia articles telling us all about stuff which won't exist until the 24th century rather contradicts that maxim.  It's an advertisement, yet another attempt to manipulate Google via Wikipedia in order to promote something.  I've neutered it.  Delete. Uncle G 13:58, 2005 Feb 2 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a web guide, especially for sites that do not exist yet. Even if it did exist, the best it could do would be to get merged with image board.   — Gwalla | Talk 00:04, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A blatant, and grammatically poor, attempt to promote a website that doesn't yet exist. The only notable thing about sites like 6chan is that they rarely come to fruition, or if they do, the creators usually get bored and don't update them anyway.
 * Delete. Jeshii 02:24, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. GRider\talk  22:14, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/6chan