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Julian Symons

Julian Gustave Symons (originally Gustave Julian Symons, pronounced SIMM-ons; 30 May 1912 – 19 November 1994) was a British crime writer and poet. He also wrote social and military history, biography and studies of literature. He was born in Clapham, London, and died in Walmer, Kent.

Life and work
Julian Symons was born in London to auctioneer Morris Albert Symons (died 1929), of Russian-Polish Jewish immigrant parentage, and Minnie Louise (died 1964), née Bull. He was a younger brother, and later the biographer, of writer A. J. A. Symons. Like his brother, due to the family's straitened financial circumstances, he left school at 14, having attended a "school for backward children" owing to his severe stutter. He was subsequently mainly self-educated, whilst working as a typist and clerk for an engineering firm. He founded the poetry magazine Twentieth Century Verse in 1937, editing it for two years. His crime writing in the 1930s was incidental; later he became a major crime writer; by using irony, he pointed out the violence hidden in everyday life. His writing advanced beyond the mystery genre.

He was a Trotskyist and sought status as a conscientious objector in World War II, but was refused by his tribunal. He served in the Royal Armoured Corps 1942 to 1944, when he was invalided out with a non-battle-related arm injury. After a period as an advertising copywriter, he became a full-time writer in 1947. During his career, he won two Edgar Awards from the Mystery Writers of America and, in 1982, received the MWA's Grand Master Award. Symons served as the president of the Detection Club from 1976 till 1985.

Symons's 1972 book Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel (published as Mortal Consequences in the US) is one of the best-known critical works in the field of crime fiction. Revised editions were published in 1985, 1992 and finally in 1994. Symons highlighted the distinction between the classic puzzler mystery, associated with such writers as Agatha Christie and John Dickson Carr, and the more modern "crime novel," which puts emphasis on psychology and motivation.

Symons published over thirty crime novels and story collections between 1945 and 1994. His works combined elements of both the detective story and the crime novel, but leaned clearly toward the latter, with an emphasis on character and psychology which anticipated later crime fiction writers such as Ruth Rendell and P.D. James. His novels tend to focus on ordinary people drawn into a murderous chain of events; the intricate plots are often spiced with black humour. Novels typical of his style include The Colour of Murder (1957), the Edgar-winning The Progress of a Crime (1960), The Man Whose Dreams Came True (1968) The Man Who Lost His Wife (1970) and The Plot Against Roger Ryder (1973).

Symons wrote two modern-day Sherlock Holmes pastiches, as well as a pastiche set in the 1920s. In A Three-Pipe Problem (1975), the detective was "...a television actor, Sheridan Hayes, who wears the mask of Sherlock Holmes and assumes his character. The book neatly reversed the usual theme of the criminal behind the mask by having a rather commonplace man wearing the mask of the great detective." A sequel The Kentish Manor Murders was written in 1988. For his 1981 book The Great Detectives, he wrote a Sherlock Holmes pastiche instead of a biographical sketch. Entitled "How a Hermit was Disturbed in His Retirement," the events of the tale take place in the 1920s as Sherlock Holmes is drawn out of retirement to solve an unusual missing persons case. The story was included in the collection The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, in which it was given the more Doylean title of "The Adventure of Hillerman Hall." He also made occasional forays into historical mystery, such as The Blackheath Poisonings (1978), which was filmed for television in 1992, and with Sweet Adelaide (1980).

In 1941, Symons married Kathleen Clark; they had a daughter Sarah and a son, Mark. Symons died at his home at Walmer, in Kent, and was survived by his widow and son.

Inspector Bland

 * The Immaterial Murder Case (1945)
 * A Man Called Jones (1947)
 * Bland Beginning (1949)

Inspector Crambo

 * The Narrowing Circle (1954) (filmed in 1956 as The Narrowing Circle)
 * The Gigantic Shadow (1958), as The Pipe Dream (US)

Sheridan Haynes

 * A Three-Pipe Problem (1975)
 * The Kentish Manor Murders (1988)

Joan Khan-Harper

 * The Man Who Killed Himself (1967) (filmed in 1969 as Arthur! Arthur!)
 * The Man Whose Dreams Came True (1968)
 * The Man Who Lost His Wife (1970)
 * The Players and the Game (1972)
 * The Plot Against Roger Rider (1973)
 * The Detling Murders (1982), as The Detling Secret (US)

Other novels

 * The Thirty-First of February (1950)
 * The Broken Penny (1953)
 * The Paper Chase (1956), as Bogue's Fortune (US)
 * The Colour of Murder (1957) (Winner, 1957 Gold Dagger Award)
 * The Progress of a Crime (1960) (Winner, 1961 Edgar Award, Best Novel)
 * The Killing of Francie Lake (1962), as The Plain Man (US)
 * The End of Solomon Grundy (1964)
 * The Belting Inheritance (1965)
 * The Blackheath Poisonings (1978)
 * Sweet Adelaide (1980)
 * The Name of Annabel Lee (1983)
 * The Criminal Comedy of the Contented Couple (1985), as A Criminal Comedy (US)
 * Death's Darkest Face (1990)
 * Something Like a Love Affair (1992)
 * Playing Happy Families (1994)
 * A Sort of Virtue: A Political Crime Novel (1996)

Francis Quarles

 * Murder! Murder! (1961)
 * Centre Court Mystery; Test Match Murder; The Grand National Case; The Case of SW2; The Unhappy Piano Tuner; A Pearl among Women; Credit to William Shakespeare; Meeting in the Snow; The Wrong Hat; The Absent-Minded Professor; Each Man Kills; Time for Murder; The Case of the Frightened Promoter; Picture Show; Sailors' Hornpipe; The Hiding Place; Airport Incident; The Plaster Pekingese; Comedy in Venice; The Invisible Poison; Little Man Lost
 * Francis Quarles Investigates (1965)
 * Strolling in the Square One Day; The Archer; Out of the Mouths; Thirty Days Hath September; The Woman Afraid of October; Blue Paint; One Little Letter; The Santa Claus Club; Hot Summer Night; Coffee for Three;  Four Letters; Kidnap Plot; A Matter of Dentistry; By the Sea; Ace of Spades
 * The Detections of Francis Quarles (Crippen & Landru, 2006)
 * Red Rum Means Murder; Death in the Scillies; Poison Pen; An Exercise in Logic; Summer Show; The Desk; Mrs Rolleston's Diamonds; Murder - But How Was it Done?; Ancestor Worship; Iced Champagne; No Use Turning a Deaf Ear to Murder; The Duke of York; Double Double Cross; Tattoo; Jack and Jill; The Conjuring Trick; Happy Hexing; No Deception; The Second Bullet; Preserving the Evidence; Death for Mr Golightly; A Man with Blue hair; The Two Suitors; Airborne with a Borgia; Art Loving Mr Lister Lands a Fake; The Collector; Ghost from the Past; The Swedish Nightingale; The Barton Hall Dwarf; The Pepoli Case; Nothing up His Sleeve; A Present from Santa Claus; The Link; Little Boy Blue; Affection Unlimited; The Whistling Man; Party Line; Who Killed Harrington?; Murder in Reverse; The Vanishing Trick; The impossible Theft; Final Night Extra

Other collections

 * How to Trap a Crook (1977)
 * Experiment in Personality; A Theme for Hyacinth; Eight Minutes to Kill; 'Twixt the Cup and the Lip; How to Trap a Crook; Strolling in the Square One Day; The Tiger's Stripe; Love Affair; Credit to Shakespeare; The Main Chance; The Santa Claus Club; The Sensitive Ears of Mr. Small; Pickup on the Dover Road
 * The Great Detectives: Seven Original Investigations (1981)
 * How a Hermit Was Disturbed in His Retirement;  About Miss Marple and St. Mary Mead; In Which Archie Goodwin Remembers; Which Expounds the Ellery Queens Mystery; About Maigret and the Stolen Papers; Life of Hercule Poirot Based on the Notes of Captain Arthur Hastings; About the birth of Philip Marlowe
 * The Tigers of Subtopia (1982)
 * The Tigers of Subtopia; The Dupe; Somebody Else; The Flowers That Bloom in the Spring; The Boiler; The Murderer; A Theme For Hyacinth; The Last Time; The Flaw; Love Affair; The Best Chess Player in the World
 * The Man Who Hated Television (1995)
 * The Man Who Hated Television; In the Bluebell Wood; Et in Arcadia Ego; Has anybody here seen me?; The birthmark; Waiting for Mr. McGregor; The Conjuring Trick; The dream is better; The Borgia Heirloom ; Did Sherlock Holmes meet Hercule?; Holocaust at Mayhem Parva
 * A Julian Symons Sherlockian Duet (2000)
 * Did Sherlock Holmes Meet Hercule...?; The Affair of the Vanishing Diamonds

Biography, history and literary criticism

 * A. J. A. Symons: His Life & Speculations (1950) biography
 * Charles Dickens (1951)
 * Thomas Carlyle. The Life and Ideas of a Prophet (1952) biography
 * Criminal Acts (1955)
 * Horatio Bottomley (1955) biography
 * The General Strike. A Historical Portrait (1957) history
 * A Reasonable Doubt (1960) non-fiction
 * The Thirties: a Dream Revolved (1960) revised 1975
 * Buller's Campaign (1963) military history
 * England's Pride: The Story of the Gordon Relief Expedition (1965) military history
 * Crime and Detection: An Illustrated History from 1840 (1966)
 * Critical Occasions (1966) essays
 * Between the Wars: Britain in Photographs (1972) history
 * Notes From Another Country (1972) autobiographical
 * Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel: A History (1972) (US title: Mortal Consequences) Special Edgar Award, 1973; revised in 1985, third revised edition 1992, fourth revised edition 1994.
 * A Reflection on Auden (1973) broadsheet poem
 * The Angry 30s (1976) history
 * The Tell-Tale Heart: The Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe (1978)
 * Conan Doyle: Portrait of an Artist (1979)
 * Tom Adams' Agatha Christie Cover Story (1981) (US title: Agatha Christie: The Art of Her Crimes. The Paintings of Tom Adams) (1981) introduction by John Fowles
 * Critical Observations: Diverse Essays (1981)
 * Crime and Detection Quiz (1983)
 * 1948 and 1984. The Second Orwell Memorial Lecture (1984)
 * Dashiel Hammett (1985)
 * Two Brothers. Fragments of a Correspondence (1985)
 * Makers of the New: The Revolution in Literature, 1912–1939 (1987)
 * Oscar Wilde: A Problem in Biography (1988) Lurcy Lecture, Amherst College
 * Somebody Else (1990) stories
 * The Thirties and The Nineties (1990)
 * Portraits of The Missing: Imaginary Biographies (1991)
 * Does Literature Exist? (1992) Lurcy Lecture, Amherst College
 * Criminal Practices: Symons on Crime Writing 60s to 90s (1994)

Edited collections

 * An Anthology of War Poetry (1942) editor
 * Selected Writings of Samuel Johnson (1949) editor
 * Carlyle: Selected Works (1957) editor
 * Essays & Biographies by A.J.A. Symons (1969) editor
 * Verdict of Thirteen: a Detection Club Anthology (1978)
 * Edgar Allan Poe Selected Tales (1980) editor
 * New Poetry 9, an Arts Council Anthology (1983) editor
 * Classic Crime Omnibus (1984) editor, stories

Short stories and novellas

 * Strolling in the Square One Day. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates and How to Trap a Crook (Francis Quarles)
 * The Archer. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * Out of the Mouths. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * Thirty Days Hath September. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * The Woman Afraid of October. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * Blue Paint. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * One Little Letter. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * The Santa Claus Club. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates and How to Trap a Crook (Francis Quarles)
 * Hot Summer Night. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * Coffee for Three. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * Four letters. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * Kidnap Plot. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * By the Sea. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * The Hiding Place. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * Comedy in Venice. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * Little Man Lost. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * The Tigers of Subtopia. Collected in The Tigers of Subtopia
 * The Dupe. Collected in The Tigers of Subtopia
 * Somebody Else. Collected in The Tigers of Subtopia
 * The Flowers that Bloom in the Spring. Collected in The Tigers of Subtopia
 * The Boiler. Collected in The Tigers of Subtopia
 * The Murderer. Collected in The Tigers of Subtopia
 * The Last Time. Collected in The Tigers of Subtopia
 * The Flaw. Collected in The Tigers of Subtopia
 * The Best Chess Player in the World. Collected in The Tigers of Subtopia
 * Experiment in Personality. Collected in How to Trap a Crook
 * A Theme for Hyacinth. Collected in How to Trap a Crook and The Tigers of Subtopia
 * 'Twixt the Cup and the Lip. Collected in How to Trap a Crook
 * How to Trap a Crook. Collected in How to Trap a Crook (Francis Quarles)
 * The Tiger's Stripe. Collected in How to Trap a Crook
 * Love Affair. Collected in How to Trap a Crook and The Tigers of Subtopia
 * The Main Chance. Collected in How to Trap a Crook
 * The Sensitive Ears of Mr Small. Collected in How to Trap a Crook
 * Pickup on the Dover Road. Collected in How to Trap a Crook
 * The Case of the Frightened Promoter. (London) Evening Standard, 9 May 1950. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * Affection Unlimited. (London) Evening Standard, 10 July 1950. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * The Unhappy Piano Tuner. (London) Evening Standard, 20 July 1950. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * The Case of SW2. (London) Evening Standard, 3 August 1950. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * Mrs Rolleston's Diamonds. (London) Evening Standard, 10 August 1950. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Happy Hexing. (London) Evening Standard, 19 September 1950. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * The Desk. (London) Evening Standard, 29 September 1950. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Murder - But How Was it Done?. (London) Evening Standard, 29 October 1950. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Who Killed Harrington?. (London) Evening Standard, 28 November 1950. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Credit to William Shakespeare. (London) Evening Standard, 12 December 1950. Collected in Murder! Murder! and How to Trap a Crook (Francis Quarles)
 * Death in the Scillies. (London) Evening Standard, 13 March 1951. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Ghost from the Past. (London) Evening Standard, 1 October 1951. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * The Pepoli Case. (London) Evening Standard, 2 February 1952. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Each Man Kills. (London) Evening Standard, 26 March 1952. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * Red Rum Means Murder. (London) Evening Standard, 15 May 1952. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * A Matter of Dentistry. (London) Evening Standard, 25 June 1952. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * The Whistling Man. (London) Evening Standard, 9 July 1952. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * The Vanishing Trick. (London) Evening Standard, 28 July 1952. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * An Exercise in Logic. (London) Evening Standard, 8 September 1952. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Poison Pen. (London) Evening Standard, 15 September 1952. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Preserving the Evidence. (London) Evening Standard, 18 September 1952. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Nothing up His Sleeve. (London) Evening Standard, 23 September 1952. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Double Double Cross. (London) Evening Standard, 25 September 1952. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Death for Mr Golightly. (London) Evening Standard, 22 December 1952. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * A Pearl among Women. (London) Evening Standard, 26 January 1953. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * The Duke of York. (London) Evening Standard, 27 January 1953. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * The Conjuring Trick. (London) Evening Standard, 28 January 1953. Collected in The Man Who Hated Television and The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * No Deception. (London) Evening Standard, 29 January 1953. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * The Link. (London) Evening Standard, 30 January 1953. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * A Man with Blue Hair. (London) Evening Standard, 31 January 1953. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * The Swedish Nightingale. (London) Evening Standard, 14 September 1953. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * The Two Suitors. (London) Evening Standard, 15 September 1953. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Tattoo. (London) Evening Standard, 16 September 1953. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * The Collector. (London) Evening Standard, 18 September 1953. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Jack and Jill. (London) Evening Standard, 19 September 1953; also published as Death by Drowning. Aberdeen Evening Express, 22 October 1953. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Iced Champagne. (London) Evening Standard, 19 October 1953. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Sailors' Hornpipe. Aberdeen Evening Express, 22 October 1953. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * Picture Show. (London) Evening Standard, 1 January 1954. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * Ace of Spades. (London) Evening Standard, 2 January 1954. Collected in Francis Quarles Investigates (Francis Quarles)
 * Time for Murder. Aberdeen Evening Express, 2 February 1954. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * The Plaster Pekingese. Aberdeen Evening Express, 3 February 1954. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * Airport Incident. Aberdeen Evening Express, 4 February 1954. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * Absent-Minded Professor. (London) Evening Standard, 4 May 1954. Collected in Murder! Murder! as "The Absent-Minded Professor" (Francis Quarles)
 * The Barton Hall Dwarf ("Deckchair Detective No. 1"). (London) Evening Standard, 16 August 1954. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * The Invisible Poison ("Deckchair Detective No. 2"). (London) Evening Standard, 17 August 1954. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * Meeting in the Snow ("Deckchair Detective No. 3"). (London) Evening Standard, 18 August 1954. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * The Wrong Hat. ("Deckchair Detective No. 5"). (London) Evening Standard, 19 August 1954. Collected in Murder! Murder! (Francis Quarles)
 * Little Boy Blue ("Deckchair Detective No. 4"). (London) Evening Standard, 20 August 1954. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Summer Show (Deckchair Detective No. 6). (London) Evening Standard, 21 August 1954. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * A Present from Santa Claus. (London) Evening Standard, 24 December 1954. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Final Night Extra (London Alibi No. 6). (London) Evening Standard, 3 September 1955; solution published on 5 September 1955. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Airborne with a Borgia. (London) Evening Standard, 28 September 1955. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Murder at the Grand National. (London) Evening Standard, 11 March to 1 April 1956. Collected in Murder! Murder! as "The Grand National Case" (Francis Quarles)
 * The Centre Court Mystery. (London) Evening Standard, 25 June to 7 July 1956. Collected in Murder! Murder! as "Centre Court Mystery"(Francis Quarles)
 * The Oval Test Murder. (London) Evening Standard, 20 August to 1 October 1956. Collected in Murder! Murder! as "Test Match Murder" (Francis Quarles)
 * Party Line. (London) Evening Standard, 30 October 1956. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * The Second Bullet. (London) Evening Standard, 31 October 1956. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Murder in Reverse. (London) Evening Standard, 2 November 1956. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Ancestor Worship. (London) Evening Standard, 3 November 1956. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * Eight Minutes to Kill. (London) Evening Standard, 30 May to 8 June 1957. Collected in How to Trap a Crook
 * Art Loving Mr Lister Lands a Fake. (London) Evening Standard, 13 March 1963. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * No Use Turning a Deaf Ear to Murder. (London) Evening Standard, 1 June 1964. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * The Impossible Theft. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, January 1966. Collected in The Detections of Francis Quarles (Francis Quarles)
 * How a Hermit Was Disturbed in His Retirement. The Great Detectives: Seven Original Investigations (Sherlock Holmes)
 * About Miss Marple and St Mary Mead. The Great Detectives: Seven Original Investigations (Miss Marple)
 * In Which Archie Goodwin Remembers. The Great Detectives: Seven Original Investigations (Nero Wolfe)
 * Which Expounds the Ellery Queens Mystery. The Great Detectives: Seven Original Investigations (Ellery Queen)
 * About Maigret and the Stolen Papers. The Great Detectives: Seven Original Investigations (Inspector Maigret)
 * The Life of Hercule Poirot: based on the notes of Captain Arthur Hastings. The Great Detectives: Seven Original Investigations (Hercule Poirot). Published in a limited edition of 200 copies (1988); and reprinted in The Man Who Hated Television as Did Sherlock Holmes Meet Hercule?
 * About the Birth of Philip Marlowe. The Great Detectives: Seven Original Investigations (Philip Marlowe)
 * The Man Who Hated Television. Collected in The Man Who Hated Television
 * In The Bluebell Wood. Collected in The Man Who Hated Television
 * Et In Arcadia Ego. Collected in The Man Who Hated Television
 * Has Anybody Here Seen Me?. Collected in The Man Who Hated Television
 * The Birthmark. Collected in The Man Who Hated Television
 * Waiting For Mr. McGregor. Collected in The Man Who Hated Television
 * The Dream Is Better. Collected in The Man Who Hated Television
 * The Borgia Heirloom. Collected in The Man Who Hated Television
 * Holocaust At Mayhem Parva. Collected in The Man Who Hated Television

Poetry
Volumes Individual poems
 * Confusions About X (Fortune Press 1939)
 * The Second Man (1943)
 * Poem. Poetry, Vol. 52 No. 6, September 1938
 * The Other Cheek. Poetry, Vol. 54 No. 1, April 1939
 * Poem. Poetry, Vol. 56 No. 6, September 1940
 * Pub. Poetry, Vol. 56 No. 6, September 1940
 * End of a Year. Poetry, Vol. 56 No. 6, September 1940
 * Spring Poem. Poetry, Vol. 59 No. 5, February 1942
 * Hart Crane. Poetry, Vol. 59 No. 5, February 1942
 * Eleven Meetings. Poetry, Vol. 59 No. 5, February 1942
 * The Clock. Poetry, Vol. 59 No. 5, February 1942

Uncollected fiction

 * A Cup of Tea. (London) Evening Standard, 12 September 1950 (Francis Quarles)
 * The Clue in the Book. (London) Evening Standard, 5 May 1952 (Francis Quarles)
 * Stealing the Picture. Aberdeen Evening Express, 5 February 1954
 * The Cupboard Was Bare. (London) Evening Standard, 6 July 1955 (Francis Quarles)
 * Murder Too Perfect. (London) Evening Standard, 19 July 1955 (Francis Quarles)
 * Death of an MP (London Alibi No. 1). (London) Evening Standard, 29 August 1955; solution published on 30 August 1955 (Francis Quarles)
 * Dial 999 (London Alibi No. 2). (London) Evening Standard, 30 August 1955; solution published on 31 August 1955 (Francis Quarles)
 * The Claimant (London Alibi No. 3). (London) Evening Standard, 31 August 1955; solution published on 1 September 1955 (Francis Quarles)
 * Mr Longden Had a Diary (London Alibi No. 4). (London) Evening Standard, 1 September 1955; solution published on 2 September 1955 (Francis Quarles)
 * The Briefcase (London Alibi No. 5). (London) Evening Standard, 2 September 1955; solution published on 3 September 1955 (Francis Quarles)
 * The What's-My-Line? Murder. (London) Evening Standard, 27 February to 8 March 1956; solution published on 3 September 1955 (Francis Quarles)
 * James Mason Investigates. (London) Evening Standard, 18 to 27 March 1957
 * A Point of Ethics. (London) Evening Standard, 5 October 1957
 * A Mystery in Spain. Aberdeen Evening Express, 25 February 1961
 * The Post-Mortem Letters. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, May 1979
 * Value for Money. Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, December 1980

Uncollected non-fiction

 * Obscurity and Dylan Thomas. Kenyon Review, Vol. 2 No. 1, Winter 1940
 * A London Letter: the Wartime Literary Situation. Kenyon Review, Vol. 2 No. 2, Spring 1940
 * Louis MacNeice: The Artists as Everyman. Poetry, Vol. 56 No. 2, May 1940
 * Restoration Comedy (Reconsiderations II). Kenyon Review, Vol. 7 No. 2, Spring 1945
 * The Lawyer takes a Wife (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 28 November 1946
 * Shades of Dr Johnson (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 5 December 1946
 * Old John Small (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 17 January 1947
 * Strategy in War - and Peace (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 6 March 1947
 * Getting Away with Murder (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 13 March 1947
 * Low-Down on the Left (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 10 April 1947
 * The Queen of Diamonds (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 2 May 1947
 * How to Sell a Cake of Soap (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 22 May 1947
 * Mr Temple Takes a Stroll (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 29 May 1947
 * Famine Came to Throstlestone (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 12 June 1947
 * Last Bends and Final Straights (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 26 June 1947
 * There's a Slump in Books (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 22 July 1947
 * The Big Five (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 14 August 1947
 * The March of Time (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 21 August 1947
 * A Pack of Cards (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 28 August 1947
 * Live Words among the Dead (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 9 October 1947
 * The Traveller on the Dusty Road (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 23 October 1947
 * Between Two Beards (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 17 December 1947
 * Pick Your Poet (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 2 January 1948
 * What Makes a Criminal? (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 24 March 1948
 * Antidote, Tonic - or Escape? (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 30 June 1948
 * A Bird in the Bush (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 17 November 1948
 * The Biggest Problem in the World (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 15 December 1948
 * Who Is Our Best Read Novelist? (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 16 February 1949
 * They Took the Long Jump to Freedom (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 23 February 1949
 * Which Is the True Russia? (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 27 April 1949
 * These Make Good Holiday Reading (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 30 June 1949
 * I Call It Detective Fever (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 17 August 1949
 * The Poet and the Theatre (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 23 March 1950
 * Genius, Crank or Dabbler? (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 30 March 1950
 * The Man Who Went to Moscow (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 20 April 1950
 * Nation Looking for a Cure-All (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 27 April 1950
 * The Man Who Hated the Poor ... (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 4 May 1950
 * Three Ways to See a Country (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 11 May 1950
 * Snail Tea for Breakfast? (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 29 June 1950
 * Shavians Without Knowing it (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 6 July 1950
 * Cat Naps and a High Jump (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 13 July 1950
 * How to Get Away from It All (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 10 August 1950
 * Sophocles in Three Scenes (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 19 October 1950
 * Poets' Plight (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 25 October 1950
 * When the Balloons Went Up (Life, People & Children's Books), Manchester Evening News, 9 November 1950
 * Novels of Four Nations (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 1 March 1951
 * The Last of the Edwardian Giants ... (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 15 March 1951
 * Bloomsburyites - They Started It All (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 3 June 1954
 * Dodgers, Scroungers & a Captain at Sea (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 28 October 1954
 * Arthur James Cook (Gamblers with Fate). Birmingham Evening Despatch, 15 November 1954
 * Whitaker Wright (Gamblers with Fate). Birmingham Evening Despatch, 16 November 1954
 * Murder - Plus Good Writing (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 12 May 1955
 * Kruschev Said 'Come and See What We're Like' (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 31 May 1955
 * What It's Like to Be 'On the Run' (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 20 August 1955
 * They Worked So Hard to Be Gay (Life, People & Books), Manchester Evening News, 29 September 1955
 * Did Spiritual Exercises Really Cure Eva Barton?. (London) Daily Mail, 3 December 1957
 * One Thing They All Said: SUBUD Makes You into a Different Person. (London) Daily Mail, 4 December 1957
 * Frank Cousins under the Microscope. (London) Daily Mail, 11 January 1958
 * The Enigma of Frank Cousins. (London) Daily Mail, 13 January 1958
 * Cousins Can't Make Them Cry. (London) Daily Mail, 14 January 1958
 * Artists in Fraud. Sydney Morning Herald, 27 June 1959
 * A Touch of Fowles' Play. (London) Daily Mail, 6 October 1977

title: Julian Symons


text:
Delta Gamma

Delta Gamma (ΔΓ), commonly known as DG, is a women's fraternity in the United States and Canada with over 250,000 initiated members. It has 150 collegiate chapters and more than 200 alumnae groups. The organization's executive office is in Columbus, Ohio. Delta Gamma is one of 26 national sororities under the umbrella organization of the National Panhellenic Conference.

History
Delta Gamma was founded as a fraternity in December 1873 at the Lewis School for Girls in Oxford, Mississippi near the University of Mississippi. It was called a fraternity because the term sorority was not yet in use. The group's founders were Mary Comfort Leonard, Eva Webb Dodd, and Anna Boyd Ellington.

Initially, Delta Gamma's early growth was to women's colleges in the southern United States. Within a few years, Delta Gamma expanded into the northern United States and the East with the help of George Banta, a member of Phi Delta Theta fraternity and Delta Gamma's only male initiate. Banta played an integral part in the expansion of Delta Gamma to well-recognized northern colleges.

In 1882, Banta married Lillian Vawter, a Delta Gamma at Franklin College. In his later years, Banta helped rewrite the Delta Gamma ritual. He frequently visited Delta Gamma conventions, often participating as a guest speaker. He gave his last speech in 1934, a year before his death. Because of Banta, Delta Gamma retains close historical ties with Phi Delta Theta.

Delta Gamma was one of seven charter members of the National Panhellenic Conference when the first inter-sorority meeting was held in Boston, Massachusetts in 1891. Delta Gamma and the six other charter members formally joined the National Panhellenic Conference in 1902.

As of 2022, Delta Gamma has 150 collegiate chapters in the United States and Canada. It has more than 200 alumnae groups in the United States, Canada, and England.

In 2013, Delta Gamma founded the #IAmASororityWoman campaign for members of any sorority to start conversations about what sorority women truly value to combat common stereotypes.

Symbols
Although Delta Gamma has no official jewel, the fraternity recognizes the anchor as its official symbol and bronze, pink, and blue as its official colors. It occasionally adopts working colors for branding purposes, which are noted on its website. These are complimentary to the official colors, and may offer shades and accent colors. The official flower is a cream-colored rose, registered as the Delta Gamma Heritage Rose with the American Rose Society. This is the only sorority flower registered as such. The Hannah Doll is their mascot.

The badge of Delta Gamma is a golden anchor and may be worn only by initiated members. Before the adoption of the golden anchor, the symbol of Delta Gamma was simply an "H" for the word "Hope". In 1877, the Hope badge was changed to the traditional symbol of hope, the anchor. Today's badge has a small cable wrapping around the top of the anchor, with the Greek letters Tau Delta Eta (ΤΔΗ) on the crosspiece. Delta Gamma's motto is "Do Good."

Philanthropy
The Delta Gamma Foundation was formed in 1951. It has three main philanthropic focuses: service for sight, grants to the fraternity for educational and leadership purposes, and grants to individual members. Members and local chapters contribute to its funds. Delta Gamma gives more than 150,000 volunteer hours to service for sight each year.

The fraternity is one of the first recipients of the Helen Keller Philanthropic Service Award, given by the American Foundation for the Blind for assistance to those who are visually impaired and for sight conservation. It was also the first recipient of the Virginia Boyce Award presented by Prevent Blindness America. Anchor Splash and Anchor Games are the Delta Gamma's fundraising events hosted on college campuses across North America. The proceeds raised at these events support Delta Gamma's philanthropies, such as service for sight. Anchor Splash is a synchronized swimming event. The event has different organizations on campus create a synchronized swimming dance. The dance is performed at Anchor Splash for an audience. Each chapter decides how to implement these events on its campus; for example, some chapters may host flag football tournaments or volleyball tournaments as their fundraiser.

Publications
The official Delta Gamma magazine is the Anchora ("aNGkərə" not "ankôrə"), which has been published quarterly continuously since 1884. Delta Gamma members can submit photos and articles to be included The Anchora.

Membership
Potential members must attend a college where there is a Delta Gamma chapter. Members join through either formal recruitment or continuous open bidding (COB). A COB can occur when a potential new member wants to join outside of recruitment. Joining outside of recruitment can happen any time of the year.

Chapters

There are 150 collegiate chapters across America and Canada. The Zeta Phi chapter at Harvard University announced in 2018 that it was closing due to Harvard's policy against gender-segregated organizations.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Delta Gamma


text:
User talk:Stirling Newberry/03

thanx for stepping in. i hope this will solve the problem. Xtra 20:42, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Dresden
What an improvement. . . thank you! A few of us have tried, but our edits didn't "take," though I'm sure yours will. I can't tell from your user page whether you're an historian or not, but I'm assuming you are or that you've worked in a related field. The article is so much better now. Best, SlimVirgin 19:53, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * I've deleted a couple of typos (an extra "and" etc) from the text you added, but no content change. Here's the diff . The words "terrorise," then "terrorizing" were in the same sentence, so I changed terrorise to "z", but if that's an issue for you, feel free to change them both to "s". Best, SlimVirgin 20:21, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)

I am interested to know why you deleted the phrase I added to the section International Law: IV and IX "because it is possible that bombardment by air may not be covered by either". Philip Baird Shearer 23:30, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thanks did not know about the Greco-German arbitration tribunal (1927-1930) -- I'll look  it up. Philip Baird Shearer 00:32, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * In Talk:Bombing of Dresden in World War II SlimVirgin has asked:
 * 2) "The United States military lays out the following historically based case that bombing of Dresden did not constitute a war crime." It's the Air Force History Support Office that makes this case. Why not name the source of the material? And what is a "historically based case"?

 * I think that you wrote that piece of text, if you did perhaps you could answer her.

Moving on to another item which you might find interesting. On Page 365 of "Dresden Tuesday 13 Feb 1945" by F Taylor, he states that the USAAF planned to use used 678.3 tones of HE and 400 tones of incendiaries, not all were dropped on Dresden but those that were, were in the same ratio. This he says was an unusual bomb mix because it was more like an RAF city busting mix instead of the usual USAAF precision mix. He also says that there is some confusion over the exact target of the USAAF:
 * Initial orders to senior officers was Dresden marshalling yards.
 * Individual bomber groups mostly just were briefed to bomb Dresden or in one cases, 303 Bomb Group,  military targets in Dresden and specifically to marshalling yards in Chemnitz.
 * The definiative report from the comander of the 1st division, Brig-Gen Tucker states:
 * Primary Target -- visual -- Center of built up area Dresden.
 * Secondary Target -- visual -- M/Y Chennitz
 * H2X --Center of Dresden.
 * Last resort any military target positivly identified in Germany (east of the Western Allied armies's bomb line (and west of the Soviet bomb line))

So it appears that the Bombing of Dresden by the American was an area bombing of Dresden not the usual precision raid which the wikipedia article currently implies by saying that the Dresden marshalling yards were targeted. This also has an impact on any possible war crime accusations as the USAAF seems to have adopted RAF tactics for this raid. Philip Baird Shearer 17:49, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

arbitration
Hi. I have started an arbitration against PSYCH. I did not want to, but felt I had to after finding out that he had posted on other websites to get people to help him argue on wikipedia against me. Please see Requests for arbitration/PSYCH for information. Xtra 22:49, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Personal attacks?
This isn't editorializing, it is reporting. And stop making personal attacks. Stirling Newberry 04:45, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Pointing out errors is not a personal attack. (Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 12:58, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I have replied @ User_talk:Sam_Spade. (Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 14:10, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Our edits at William_A._Dembski
Stirling-- Based on your edit summary notes, I assumed my correction to the article had been reverted in its entirety. I now see that I was incorrect in that assumption, so I've re-added your phrase to the current version, which I had inadvertantly removed in my revert of your previous edit-- My apologies. I feel the issue that the original passage might have been a cut and pasted from ChristianityToday is a non sequitur at this point since the passage has been reworded and we can drop it. Just for the record I am not a supporter of ID, creationism or any other form of magical thinking.--FeloniousMonk 04:16, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Willy
Thanks Stirling. Your creation of the new user page for WoW is what alerted me to the problem. I love having a T1 line for vandalism reversion, but now I have to get back to work, LOL. Antandrus 23:35, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Ah, composition! I don't get nearly enough time for that these days. Actually I think the accordion is underrepresented in contemporary composition. I knew an accordionist/composer a few years back and she got a lot of attention, way more than violinists/pianists like me. Antandrus 00:08, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Mass deaths and atrocities of the twentieth century
"Bloodletting" is Matthew White's own terminology, and given that this article is a brief explanation of his work, I think it only right that term remain. It is perfectly understandable and correct, and "mass killing" is no substantive improvement. Denni ☯ 02:47, 2005 Feb 24 (UTC)
 * reverting editor admits to pushing POV Huh? Here I was, ready to give you a pat on the back for some nice additions to this article, when I discovered this nasty little bit. Sorry, friend, I "admitted" nothing. I merely suggested that, since the data under discussion were compiled and tabled by Matthew White, and since this very same table on his web page used the term "bloodletting", then perhaps it would be reasonable to follow suit. I would really like to know where you see POV here - there was undeniably a considerable amount of blood let, and to use a term which describes it as such is hardly engaging in POV. You're acting like a newbie! Denni ☯ 01:25, 2005 Feb 25 (UTC)
 * I am very obviously wasting my breath. Seems you can't get past your own POV. Denni ☯ 04:26, 2005 Feb 25 (UTC)

Global Warming
I just wanted to thank you for your edits here. The global warming page had grown in need of some reorganization like that to better clarify the major issues involved. People spend too much time edit warring every detail around there, and it greatly detracts from the effort to organize the material into a coherent encyclopedic format. — Cortonin | Talk 18:25, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes they are, and this has apparently been a problem for a while. I've been trying to draw attention to it since I first stumbled on the global warming page.  If you'll note, the same group of editors has trickled this behavior into a wide variety of climate change related articles.  It seems to all be about the politics of persuasion, and it's masked as a "science vs. non-science" debate, which I don't believe could be farther from the truth.  Good to have somebody around calling for sanity and normal Wikipedia standards found elsewhere.     — Cortonin | Talk 18:45, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Wang Ch'ung
Good to see someone else contributing (most of the articles I start are almost completely ignored by everyone else). I've tweaked some of your additions (for example, putting the bit about thunder before my original account of his view of ghosts); I hope that you approve. There was an Edit conflict when I tried to save it, so I'll now have a look at what you were doing while I was fiddling. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 19:58, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Interesting — but I'm afraid that I'll have to leave the material concerning Ban Gu entirely to you, as he was completely new to me.
 * The page could do with something to break it up; I'll try to find a suitable illustration. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:48, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

European art music
Thanks for the support. I have absolutely no preference regarding classical vs art, they seem equally ill fitted but I can't think of a better term. I think placing classical musics at classical music (and placing European music at a title which indicates it's European) is the most helpful for potential readers. Hyacinth 03:20, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks! What do you mean by decentralization? The lack of an overemphasis on European related content? Hyacinth 00:10, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Your portrait
The picture you have on your user page is marked on its image description page with the non-existent template. Naturally, the most logical explanation is that you meant GFDL, but since this is a question of your licensing intent with legal implications, I prefer not to read your mind, even to jump to the most obvious of conclusions. If you would fix the page or otherwise confirm if you intended to license this picture under the GNU Free Documentation License, it would be appreciated. --Michael Snow 21:51, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Fashionable Nonsense
I've left this message because I noticed you engaging in a discussion with users who are attempting to spread popularization of the

viewpoint stated in Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont's book Fashionable Nonsense and related events. I've begun an attempt to create a repository that will attempt to, ultimately, remove this misinformed position from an ideally-neutral Wikipedia, except to acknowledge the viewpoint in its own context.

This attempt isn't going so well, so I'm contacting people like you whom I've seen discussing the topic earlier than I've intended. See both the intended meta-article and its discussion page for details.

Fashionable Nonsense is not a scholarly work

If you're interested in contributing in any way, please feel free to do so. If not, thank you for your other contributions to Wikipedia.

VermillionBird 01:31, 2005 Mar 6 (UTC)

VfD: "FACTS"
Votes_for_deletion/FACTS --Goethean 17:32, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Republics
Need your help and/or advice. The British Wikipedian Republican Party sought fit to delete Wikinfo:Classical definition of republic from Wikipedia. There is a terrible brouhaha at Talk:Republic. They won't even allow an external link! SimonP really doesn't know what he is doing. They deleted the Classical definition of republic and created mixed government and politeia instead. The official title of mixed government is a Republic and the Romans translated "politiea" as Republic. And then to top it off the new article Classical republicanism doesn't refer to the Classical republics of Crete, Sparta, Solonic Athens, or Rome but to Machiavelli's ideology. How can that be when Venice in the 13th century instituted a mixed government and called herself a "Republic".

With Jwrosenwieg and Kim Bruning there was a tacit agreement a year ago to have republic be the modern meaning and a [Classical definition of republic] to describe the ancient republics of Hellas and Rome and their influence. To say the least the "Republic section" is all messed up. We need some clarification. I have new information but User:Snowspinner won't let me bring this back up for undelete. (I do grant that a little bit of the Classical definition is original but the rest is not.) I will not let Sparta be called anything but a republic! I will not let the British wikipedian modern republicans strip Sparta, (my heritage and roots) of her rightful name. She is a Classical republic and needs to be called such! At the least, where is the damage in having an external link?WHEELER 14:58, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Proposed RfC on User:Daniel C. Boyer
I noticed you have had disputes with Mr. Boyer over the surrealism article. We are currently drafting an RFC against him for what we consider to be acts of self-promotion and a hostile unwillingness to consider comments or concerns of other Wikipedians. If you feel that his conduct has fallen below the letter or spirit of Wikipedia policies and believe you can document this, please feel free to add this to the rough draft. Thanks! Postdlf 20:43, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Hi
It's good to see you editing again, Stirling. I hope you're back to stay. SlimVirgin (talk) 23:51, May 11, 2005 (UTC)

lots of edits, not an admin
Hi - I made a list of users who've been around long enough to have made lots of edits but aren't admins. It looks like you're not active anymore, but if you come back and are at all interested in becoming an admin, can you please add an '*' immediately before your name in this list? I've suggested folks nominating someone might want to puruse this list, although there is certainly no guarantee anyone will ever look at it. I've marked you on this list as "inactve". Feel free to update this as well. Thanks. -- Rick Block (talk) July 3, 2005 18:33 (UTC)

Your message
? What prompted that? I seem to have missed something somewhere. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:40, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Thanks Re: Bell's theorem
Thanks for your support in Bell's theorem. That sudden criticism (now retracted at least in its ferocity) may have been legitimate as far as the readability of the article is concerned. But I stand by the article's technical accuracy. As is pointed out in the body of the article, the treatment given follows Asher Peres' treatment of the subject in his papers and his book (great book by the way, but hard to get. Currently ells hardbound for US$494 and is unavailable in paperback)

Your adding a new header was a straightforward, but extremely helpful edit. Thanks.

Keep up the good work here and elsewhere.--CSTAR 18:23, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Race and intelligence
I've put the article on RfC, as you mentioned on 172's talk page, so we'll see if that helps. But in addition to the problems with the content, there are clear article ownership issues, and I'm not terribly optimistic. If you care to join in, you're welcome to. --Michael Snow 21:42, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

documentation
It was a little ambiguous of what you wanted to know I had documented. I assume you mean the identity of the recent No Gun Ri editor.

If you look at the history of No Gun Ri, you see that User:214.13.216.142 has been white-washing and reverting it. Well, where is 214.13.216.142 located?

There's a number of ways to find out. A generic thing to do is to go to the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) and do a whois. Doing this will narrow the search a little bit, and ARIN is a recognized authority.

Well, ARIN tells you if you put the above users IP address in that every IP address that begins with 214 belongs to the US Department of Defense. OK, but how can one narrow this down even more?

Well, now you have to do a PTR lookup, or what Wikipedia calls a Reverse DNS lookup. I am a technician and did so through something called "dig". But you can do it from a number of web pages as well. Web pages like this one, or this one, or a whole host of other ones will let you do it. If you go to Google, and type "reverse dns" or "ptr lookup" or things similar to this, you will find more web pages where you can do this. And it will show this user is coming from a military domain, from CentCom, and finally from CentCom's "MNSTC-I", which I had never heard of, but after digging found out was the "Multi-National Security Transition Command - Iraq".

I've been on the Internet since the 1980s, when it was called the ARPA-net (Advanced Research Projects Agency net), and was under Department of Defense control. Then control shifted to the National Science Foundation, then US corporations, although there were still government, and military connections. If you understand technical things you'll see things like this. Once I was reading an article on an Australian web page on CIA involvement in a sort-of coup d'etat they had in Australia in the 1970's (see Gough Whitlam...actually, Christopher Boyce knew about this, he was sent to US prison for a long time - and I see his Wikipedia article doesn't mention the US involvement in Australia, no surprise). Anyhow, I unlike most people, had my computer set up to log everything. Shortly after hitting this page, I received an SNMP request asking my computer to identify itself and who it's user was. The SNMP request came from an army intelligence outfit in Quantico, Virginia...it had a long name like MNSCTCI, I can't remember the acronym off the top of my head. I know they can monitor Americans reading foreign web sites, but I thought they weren't allowed to do things like the SNMP due to the Posse Comitatus Act, but Reagan lifted a lot of prohibitions put on them by the Church committee during the 1970s, which is why in the 1980s you had Iran-contra, the FBI paying people to seduce nuns in CISPES and the like. Ruy Lopez 23:56, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Violation Notice against you
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/3RR#User:Stirling_Newberry Classicjupiter2 16:33, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Surrealism
Strong support for your work on Surrealism, thank you for engaging in much needed clean up and improvements. Perhaps it will even be possible to fix the surrealism and film section some day. Stirling Newberry 21:26, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you! -->>sparkit| TALK << 22:10, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

Your feed back ...
Sociological_considerations_about_greenhouse_gases Thank you for your feed back, I rewrote the article entirely! I must admit it was also not neutral enough, don't hesitate to formulate some other critics, may be a bit more precise!

Gold Standard
You removed a list of legal criteria from Gold Standard on the grounds that they were inaccurate. Could you add a more accurate list? Ubermonkey 17:37, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your response at my talk page. Could you add it to the Gold Standard page itself?  Right now, the page has "There is also a set of legal criteria which typically must be fulfilled for an international gold standard:" without a list following it. Ubermonkey 20:28, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Trolling
Whoa, that's definitely trolling. I'll keep an eye on it. (Btw I don't think you can be blocked for 3RR for that. If you are I'll unblock you myself.)  Best wishes, Antandrus  (talk) 20:51, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The 3RR policy doesn't apply to reversion of simple vandalism (I didn't know that until just now). (I remember this being the same IP who placed the Heinz Chur sonata information in the list, and I suspect the same IP as in Symphony also. (Ok, investigating: 80.139.236.200 created the Heinz Chur article and placed the initial entry in symphony, 80.139.185.251 changed the entry in symphony, and of course other 80.139.*s have been vandalizing Sonata (music) from the looks of it.) All *.dip.t-dialin.net, which is, I believe a fairly large server, but I may be mistaken. (No doubt Mr. Chur wrote Cello concertos also. (Edit: concertos, not a claim that he began the article listing some of the not-few available to cellists.) Why couldn't it be Dennis Busch?) More snarkily than the situation actually deserves but cooling down literally and figuratively and will indeed keep a watch - thank you. Schissel : bowl listen 22:13, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hrm. I might agree with sending it to WP:ViP except that -

 * t-dialin.net has enough users to make a general block 80.139.* unwise, I believe- without information suggesting that this entire bank of IPs belongs to this one user or to a small group.

 * More and most to the point: I agree that it's trolling, though it comes closer to Harrassment/Personal Attacks (in reaction to reversion*) than to vandalism, by the way, though I also agree that it might be judged to be an edit conflict rather than simple vandalism, since it's not linkspam as usually understood (linking to a vanity page, maybe - where on MDG, a label I have several recordings from- e.g. Krenek quartets...- where is that recording Heinz Chur mentions of the piano sonatas? Nowhere I can see...) yes, I do want to revise that statement *g*). (Will keep watching, am still thoroughly annoyed by this person.)

 * * The editor adds a link to the nonexistent Stirling Newberry article, and to your relevant compositions; I can think of a few reasons why, and to the extent that they are reasons and not a case of Silly-editor-syndrome they may involve confusion on his part as to the relevant meaning of the term 'Notable' (Notability, etc.) Schissel : bowl listen 23:38, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Trolling - definitely! The only reason I demur is that it doesn't seem to fit the categories listed under (simple) vandalism properly.

 * (I am not neutral and do wish trolls and vandals had heard of sleep. This is an encyclopedia and not their playground. Ah, something I should have thought of earlier though: thankfully, the articles linking to Heinz Chur haven't grown in number, decreased now that they're off the sonatas page...) (Editing something I wrote above for clarity, though)   Schissel : bowl listen 00:12, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Test
Sig test Stirling Newberry - Bopnews 22:49, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Iris Chang
Stirling, did you leave a note on my talk page or somewhere asking that Iris Chang be unlocked? I'm sure I saw it, but now can't find it again. Anyway, I've unlocked it for you. SlimVirgin (talk) 03:09, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Moriori?
Hi there! You just placed a vote labelled 'support' in the section for 'oppose'... which exactly do you mean? Radiant_ >|< 08:11, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Iris Chang
I'm not an admin, never having been nominated, so I cannot unprotect the page. It was protected as a result of edit warring and constant reversion, but it's now unprotected. I think the editors in question have reached a near-compromise that will allow the article to remain stable and unprotected. Thanks for your contributions to Wikipedia. Pedant 18:39, 2005 July 19 (UTC)

Postmodern music
Dry your eyes mate. Personal attacks? I have no idea what you are talking about. I'll give you personal attacks: c'mon, grow up. Now this here is a personal attack and i make no apoligies for it. Why don't you write something for this proposed critical section? One or two sentences even. It won't take you long. Or would you prefer that the article remain one-sided?--Nicholas 16:34, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Just out of interest, how can you be postmodern and maintain a belief in nPOV? Surely postmodernists believe that there is no such thing.--Nicholas 10:20, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Liberty Dollar
I see that you have worked on some articles concerning money. I have been trying to improve the Liberty Dollar article. The subject is a company that sells silver certificates and coins for use as an alternate currency. It's an odd little outfit. One of the issues that I am concerned with is that the article should correctly portray the regular Federal Reserve System and other aspects of the normal financial system. I'd appreciate another editor's involvement, in case you have any interest or knowledge in the field. Cheers, -Willmcw 23:40, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your significant contributions towards cleaning this article up. That's a big improvement. Cheers, -Willmcw 22:14, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

Pastor Russell Dispute
Thank you for reviewing and endorsing the second RfC on Charles Taze Russell

Are you an admin? If so, could you please put up an NPOV banner and then protect the page for 48 hours? There appears to be a consensus that it is not a neutral point of view. No one but Pastorrussell has disagreed.

If so, thank you.

Robert McClenon 00:30, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Pastorrussell
Personally, I don't think that the user in question is actually a "Pove troll". His behavior is indeed characteristic of a troll. I don't consider religious fanatics to be trolls (except in special cases, where they troll on purpose). I think that he is a religious fanatic, and as such, he has no idea when his statements will be provocative.

That is a distinction without a difference. He is a difficult user. thank you for reviewing the second RfC and signing it and adding a concurring opinion. Robert McClenon 23:49, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

I agree with your comments about the problem of dealing with Wikipedians who see the world in Manichaean terms and divide it into true believers and forces of darkness. A few points should be noted. First, it is my opinion that you cannot defend civilization by behaving in an uncivilized manner. However, the dualists and I have different concepts of civilization. Second, many true believers have apocalyptic scenarios in which they see good being increasingly outnumbered by evil in the end times and under siege until the good triumphs through divine intervention. In the meantime, they have more fear of the devil than faith in God. I see that as a lack of faith on their part. However, they are typically evangelical Protestants (as is user PR), and I am not a Protestant.

Third, I could also divide the world into true believers and forces of darkness, but I have an entirely different definition of true believers and of forces of darkness. True believers are those who believe in civility and reason. Those who think that any point of view warrants uncivil behavior are themselves forces of darkness. One can, like Anikin Skywalker, become evil in the pursuit of good. However, if I were to divide the world that way, it would start flame wars. Robert McClenon 14:50, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stirling Newberry/03


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Irish language in Northern Ireland

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus. The article defaults to "keep." Joyous 15:46, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

Irish language in Northern Ireland
An important topic, but it should be merged with Irish language. There's no need for it to be an article by itself. --Angr 22:04, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment from an Irish Wikipedian. Ideally the topic would be longer, requiring a summary in the section on Irish language, linking to a separate article. Whether this should be the case at the moment - I don't know. Perhaps having the NI separate article would encourage development of the topic? Plus the main language page is quite long already! I'm leaning more towards keep. zoney ♣ talk 22:33, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong keep. Definitely should be an article of its own. Everyking 16:29, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and redirect to a single article - deal with Irish as one language on one island - it cannot be compared to national variations of English, viz American, British, Hiberno and other variants which have distinct national variations in pronounciation. The variation between Irish spoken in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is no different to what would be expected within any similar sized country or the provinces. Irish is ultimately a minority language, even in Ireland - a pseudo-summary of the details in the main article is not the way forward. Djegan 22:07, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. If this article is kept and expanded, of course it will not be an article on the northern dialect of Irish; there's enough information on that at Irish language and Irish dialects. (After all, the predominant locus of the northern dialect isn't in Northern Ireland at all, but in County Donegal in the Republic.) Rather, the article will be on nonlinguistic issues: the legal status of Irish in Northern Ireland, and the sociopolitical ramifications of teaching and using a language that for most people is inextricably linked with Catholic/Republican identity in N.I. If all that is to be said on that subject fits into three or four paragraphs, then IMO it should be as a section of Irish language. If, on the other hand, a good encyclopedic article can come from this subject, then of course it should be an independent page. --Angr 23:50, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge and redirect. Spinboy 06:51, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge nothing much to say Beta_M talk, |contrib ( Ë-Mail )
 * Keep. This topic is definately deserving of its own article, as its becoming a more concientious issue legally these days. Kiand 20:53, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, anything useable to Irish language, no redirect. Megan1967 06:37, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Lugaid Laigde

Lugaid Laigdech, son of Eochu mac Ailella, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He helped Dui Ladrach overthrow Airgetmar, and later killed Dui to take the kingship himself. He ruled for seven years, until he was killed by Airgetmar's grandson Áed Rúad. The Lebor Gabála synchronises his reign with that of Artaxerxes III of Persia (358-338 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 537-530 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 738-731 BC.

Keating refers to a story that Lugaid, when hunting, once met a hideous hag wearing a magic mask. When he slept with her he took off her mask, and dreamed that she became a beautiful young woman. Keating interprets this as an allegory of Ireland, meaning that Lugaid first endured toil and torment, and then enjoyed pleasure, over her. He also tells a story from the Cóir Anmann ("fitness of names") about a certain Lugaid Loígde, one of the five sons of Dáire Doimthech, all of whom were called Lugaidh. A druid prophesied to Dáire that one of his sons would rule Ireland. When Dáire asked which one, he was told to take all five to Tailtiu and pursue a beautiful fawn which would appear to them there, and the one who outran it would be king. They chased it from Tailtiu to Howth, where a magical mist obscured all five from the men of Ireland. The son who caught and killed the fawn was Lugaidh Laighdhe. However, as this Lugaidh has a different father, Keating does not believe he is the same man.

title: Lugaid Laigde


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River Rouge (Michigan)

The River Rouge is a 127-mile (204 kilometer) river in the Metro Detroit area of southeastern Michigan. It flows into the Detroit River at Zug Island, which is the boundary between the cities of River Rouge and Detroit.

The river's roughly 467 sqmi watershed includes all or parts of 48 municipalities, with a total population of more than 1.35 million, and it drains a large portion of central and northwest Wayne County, as well as much of southern Oakland County and a small area in eastern Washtenaw County. Nearly the entire drainage basin is in urban and suburban areas, with areas of intensive residential and industrial development. Still, more than 50 mi of the River Rouge flow through public lands, making it one of the most accessible rivers in the state.

Until recently the river was heavily polluted, and in 1969 oil on the surface caught fire. The passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972 made it unlawful to discharge any pollution from a point source into navigable waters, and the EPA's National Pollution Discharge Elimination Program was created to regulate these discharges.

In 1986, a non-profit organization of concerned citizens called Friends of the Rouge was formed and began organizing an annual cleanup called Rouge Rescue, to raise awareness about the need to clean up the Rouge. In 1987, the entire watershed was designated a Great Lakes "area of concern" under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.

In 1992, a massive project called the Rouge River National Wet Weather Demonstration Project was implemented, and further cleanup measures are ongoing. The Alliance of Rouge Communities is an organization of governmental and non-governmental entities created in 2006 to manage the watershed.

Physical and natural aspects
The River Rouge totals 127 mi in length and is divided into four branches, the main, upper, middle, and lower branches. The upper branch flows into the main branch in northwest Detroit, just east of Redford Township. The middle branch enters the main branch in Dearborn Heights just north of the boundary with Dearborn. The lower branch joins less than two miles (3 km) downstream in Dearborn.

The lower 1.5 mi of the river south of Michigan Avenue were channelized, widened, and dredged to allow freighter access to Ford's River Rouge Plant inland factory facilities. The plant was built between 1915 and 1927. It was the first manufacturing facility for automobiles that included within the plant virtually everything needed to produce the cars: blast furnaces, an open hearth mill, a steel rolling mill, a glass plant, a huge power plant, and an assembly line. During the 1930s, some 100,000 workers were employed here. The plant has been designated as a National Historic Landmark.

Main branch
The headwaters of the main branch rise in the southwest corner of Rochester Hills and the northeast corner of Bloomfield Township. It flows mostly south through the western part of Troy, and then flows southwest through Birmingham, a noncontiguous portion of Bloomfield Township, Beverly Hills, the southeast corner of Bingham Farms, and Southfield. It then flows mostly south through western Detroit and Dearborn Heights, then turns southeast in Dearborn and continues along the northern edges of Allen Park, Melvindale, River Rouge and the southern edge of Detroit. Other municipalities that are part of the main branch watershed are Auburn Hills, Bloomfield Hills, Farmington, Farmington Hills, Franklin, Lathrup Village, Oak Park, Orchard Lake, Pontiac, Southfield Township, and West Bloomfield Township.

Major tributaries of the main branch include:
 * Franklin River (also known as the Franklin branch of the River Rouge)
 * Farmbrook Branches (flow off river into two rivers running into Farmbrook Road & Franklin, Michigan)
 * Pebble Creek
 * Pernick Creek
 * Evan's Creek
 * Upper Branch (see below)
 * Ashcroft-Sherwood Drain
 * Middle Branch (see below)
 * Lower Branch (see below)
 * Ruby Creek

Upper branch
The headwaters of the upper branch rise in southwestern West Bloomfield Township, the southeast corner of Commerce Township, and the northeast corner of Novi. It forms in Farmington Hills with the confluence of Minnow Pond Drain and Seeley Drain, where it flows mostly southeast through Farmington, Livonia, Redford Township and enters the main branch in the northwest Detroit neighborhood of Brightmoor, Detroit.

Tributaries of the upper branch include (from downriver to upriver)
 * Bell Branch
 * Show Drain
 * Blue Drain
 * Bell Drain
 * Tarabusi Creek
 * Minnow Pond Drain
 * Seeley Drain

Middle branch
The middle branch forms in Northville in northwest Wayne County with the confluence of the "Walled Lake branch" and Johnson Drain. The Walled Lake branch rises in Novi in a marshy drainage area south of Walled Lake, in southwest Oakland County. Johnson Drain rises in Salem Township in northeast Washtenaw County. From Northville, the middle branch flows south through Northville Township and Plymouth Township before turning to the southeast in the city of Plymouth. From Plymouth, it continues through the southwest corner of Livonia into Westland, then along the northern edge of Garden City and into Dearborn Heights where it merges with the main branch near the southern boundary with Dearborn. Other municipalities that are part of the middle branch watershed are Canton Township, Commerce Township, Farmington, Farmington Hills, Lyon Township, Redford Township, and Wixom.

Tributaries of the middle branch include (from downriver to upriver)
 * Bill's Drain
 * Red Run Drain
 * Wilson Drain
 * Tonquish Creek
 * Willow Creek
 * Johnson Drain
 * Walled Lake branch
 * Thornton Creek
 * Ingersol Creek
 * Bishop Creek

Lower branch
The lower branch rises in sections 11 and 12 in Superior Township in Washtenaw County and flows mostly eastward into Wayne County through Canton Township, Wayne, Westland, Inkster, Dearborn Heights and Dearborn before joining the main branch. Other communities in the lower branch watershed include Van Buren Township, Plymouth Township, Salem Township, Ypsilanti Township.

Tributaries include (from downriver to upriver):
 * Hunter Drain
 * Hannan Drain
 * Fellows Creek
 * McKinstry Drain
 * Sinds Drain
 * Fowler Creek
 * Parks Drain

Area of Concern
The U.S.-Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement defines an Area of Concern (AOC) as “geographic areas designated by the Parties where significant impairment of beneficial uses has occurred as a result of human activities at a local level.” The EPA and other environmental agencies are working to restore the 27 remaining U.S. AOCs in the Great Lakes Basin Region, including River Rouge. There are 43 AOCs in the Great Lakes Basin total, with the rest in Canada or shared by the two countries.

River Rouge as an AOC
Over 50% of the land surrounding the River Rouge is used for residential, industrial, and commercial purposes and development pressure continues to increase. Consequently, the river is highly polluted and was designated as a Great Lakes Area of Concern under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement in 1987. The designated AOC covers the entire River Rouge watershed including 48 communities that drain 466 square miles of southeastern Michigan into the Detroit River. Sources of pollution include municipal and industrial discharges, sewer overflows, and several nonpoint source pollution (e.g., storm water runoff). These activities contaminated river sediments and water with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), heavy metals (e.g., mercury), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oil and grease. These contaminants are known to be harmful to fish and wildlife and affect recreational activities.

A 2008 remedial action plan for the AOC identified nine “beneficial use impairments” associated with the pollution:

 * Restrictions on fish and wildlife consumption, due to harmful PCBs, PAHs, and heavy metals in sediments and water.
 * Eutrophication or undesirable algae, resulting from excessive nutrient runoff (particularly phosphorus) from industrial and agricultural activities.
 * Degradation on fish and wildlife populations
 * Beach closings, due to potential human health effects from body contact with the water
 * Fish tumors or other deformities, that can be caused by chemical contaminants
 * Degradation of aesthetics
 * Degradation of benthos, which form the base of aquatic food webs
 * Restriction on dredging activities
 * Loss of fish and wildlife habitat

Eliza Howell Park
The 250 acre Eliza Howell Park includes 138 acre donated to the city in 1936.

Fair Lane
Henry Ford built an estate, Fair Lane, on the river in Dearborn, upriver from the manufacturing plant, on what is now the campus of the University of Michigan–Dearborn. The estate is now a National Historic Landmark. The master plan and gardens were designed by landscape architect Jens Jensen. A portion of the estate's grounds are a preserved historic landscape and more of it is held as a nature study area since 1956. The residence is now a museum and open to the public.

The Henry Ford and Greenfield Village
The Henry Ford, billed as "America's Greatest History Attraction", is a major tourist destination in the area. It includes Greenfield Village, which was opened in 1929 to preserve historic landmarks, including Noah Webster’s House, Thomas Edison’s Menlo Lab and the garage where Henry Ford built the Quadricycle, his first car.

Rouge River Bird Observatory
Since 1992 the Rouge River Bird Observatory has operated on the campus of University of Michigan-Dearborn.

Rouge River Gateway Greenway Trail
The trail has access points from Michigan Avenue in Dearborn, from Fair Lane and from the University of Michigan Dearborn campus. There is an aspiration to develop the greenway trail all the way to the Detroit River.

River Rouge Park
River Rouge Park has been operated by the city of Detroit since the 1920s. Its boundary is formed by the railway to the north and West Warren to the south and by Outer Drive, West Parkway and Parkland on the west and Trinity and Burt Road on the east. In July 2014, two Olympic-sized pools and a bath house were reopened at Rouge Park as part of a $5.5 million park renovation project. Covering 1184 acre, River Rouge is the largest park in the city. In contrast, the more well-known Belle Isle State Park of Detroit covers 982 acres (397 ha).

Other notable parks and recreation areas

 * Lower Rouge Parkway
 * Middle Rouge Parkway
 * Douglas Evans Nature Preserve

title: River Rouge (Michigan)


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Tooro Kingdom

The Tooro Kingdom, is a Bantu kingdom located within the borders of Uganda. The current Omukama of Tooro is King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV. King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV took to the throne of Tooro kingdom in 1995 at the age of just three years, after the death of his father Omukama Patrick David Matthew Kaboyo Rwamuhokya Olimi III on August 26, 1995, at the age of 50.

The people native to the kingdom are the Batooro, and their language is likewise called Rutooro. The Batooro and Banyoro speak closely related languages, Rutooro and Runyoro, and share many other similar cultural traits. The Batooro live on Uganda's western border, south of Lake Albert.

History
The Tooro Kingdom evolved out of a breakaway segment of Bunyoro sometime before the nineteenth century. It was founded in 1830 when Omukama Kaboyo Olimi I, the eldest son of Omukama of Bunyoro Nyamutukura Kyebambe III of Bunyoro, seceded and established his own independent kingdom. Absorbed into Bunyoro-Kitara in 1876, it reasserted its independence in 1891.

As with Buganda, Bunyoro, and Busoga, Tooro's monarchy was abolished in 1967 by the Government of Uganda, but was reinstated in 1993.

Cultural influence
The Austrian painter Friedensreich Hundertwasser (1928–2000) spent some time there in the 1960s where he painted a number of works and named them after the kingdom.

The Batooro people have a strong culture but similar in stratification to Banyoro. They have got a strong cultural naming system (PET NAME) known as Empaako. With the Empaako naming system, children are given one of twelve names shared across the communities in addition to their given and family names. Addressing someone by his or her Empaako is a positive affirmation of cultural ties. It can be used as a form of greeting or a declaration of affection, respect, honour or love. Use of Empaako can defuse tension or anger and sends a strong message about social identity and unity, peace and reconciliation. The Empaako names are: Amooti, Abbooki, Akiiki, Ateenyi, Adyeri, Atwoki, Abwoli, Araali, Acaali, Bbala, and Okaali.

Abakama ba Tooro (Kings of Tooro)
The following is a list of the Abakama of Tooro since 1800:
 * 1) Olimi I: 1822–1865
 * 2) Ruhaga of Tooro: 1865–1866
 * 3) Nyaika Kyebambe I: 1866–1871 and 1871–1872
 * 4) Rukidi I: 1871
 * 5) Olimi II: 1872–1875
 * 6) Rukidi II: 1875–1875
 * 7) Rububi Kyebambe II: 1875 and 1877–1879
 * 8) Kakende Nyamuyonjo: 1875–1876 and 1879–1880
 * 9) Katera: 1876–1877
 * 10) Interregnum, reverted to Bunyoro: 1880–1891
 * 11) Kyebambe III: 1891–1928
 * 12) Rukidi III: 1929–1965
 * 13) Olimi III: 1965–1967 and 1993-1995
 * 14) in pretence: 1967–1993 (monarchy abolished)
 * 15) Rukidi IV: 1995 (monarchy reinstated)

title: Tooro Kingdom


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Kea (disambiguation)

The kea is a parrot native to New Zealand.

Kea can also refer to:

KEA can also refer to:
 * Kea, Cornwall, civil parish and village in Cornwall, in the United Kingdom
 * Saint Kea, a 5th-century Christian saint
 * Kea (island), an island in Cyclades, Greece
 * Kea, the New Zealand name for Beavers, that part of the Boy Scout Movement for boys under the age of eight
 * Kea Province, Greece
 * Kea (ferry), an Auckland harbour ferry, named for the bird
 * Kea (software), DHCP server software under development by Internet Systems Consortium
 * Clarence Kea, a retired American professional basketball player
 * Salaria Kea, African-American nurse and desegregation activist
 * Mauna Kea, the tallest peak in the Hawaiian Islands
 * Keyphrase Extraction Algorithm, an algorithm for extracting keyphrases from text documents
 * KEA (aircraft manufacturer), a Greek aircraft manufacturer
 * Kill 'Em All, the debut album of the thrash metal band Metallica
 * Koning Eizenberg Architecture
 * Korea Express Air
 * Eurodemocratic Renewal Party (Komma Evrodimokratikis Ananeosis), a political party in Cyprus created by Alexis Galanos
 * Canadian Esperanto Association (Kanada Esperanto-Asocio)
 * KEA (Kiwi Expats Abroad) NPO, associated with NZTE

title: Kea (disambiguation)


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Rüstem Pasha Mosque

The Rüstem Pasha Mosque (Rüstem Paşa Camii) is an Ottoman mosque located in the Hasırcılar Çarşısı (Strawmat Weavers Market) in the Tahtakale neighborhood of the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey, near the Spice Bazaar. Named after Rüstem Pasha, who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Suleiman I, it was designed by the Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in around 1563.

The mosque is noted for the many different designs of İznik tiles that cover almost every vertical surface both in the interior and under the entrance porch.

Rüstem Pasha
The Rüstem Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha. Rüstem Pasha was the husband of Mihrimah Sultan, one of the daughters of Suleiman the Magnificent by Hurrem Sultan, and served as Grand Vizier (a role comparable to a European prime minister) from 1544 to 1553 and from 1555 to 1561.

Rüstem Pasha commissioned a number of important buildings, including religious schools, mosques, and other structures. Before his death in 1561, he hoped to construct a final mosque of his own in Istanbul — in part to repair his controversial legacy — though the extent to which he had outlined his intentions for the eponymous mosque remains ambiguous.

Sultan Suleiman I authorized the project in 1562 after the Grand Vizier's death. It was assigned to the Ottoman's chief architect, Mimar Sinan. The Rüstem Pasha Mosque is unique among Sinan's many mosques for the lavishly decorated, tiled interior. Rüstem Pasha may have ordered the mosque's characteristic İznik tiles in order to support court designer Kara Memi, who was known for elegant floral designs.

Dating the mosque
Efforts to precisely date the Rüstem Pasha Mosque have proved difficult, in part because of the lack of a foundation inscription. Michael D. Willis’ analysis of its İznik tiles suggest that they date to 1555. Other sources suggest that some of them could have been crafted after Rüstem Pasha's death in 1561. More recent analyses of primary sources has determined that the mosque was probably built between 1561 and 1563. Plans for the mosque were only set in motion beginning in 1561, and deeds for the purchase of land date to 1562. One water deed implies that the mosque was incomplete in December 1562, so the mosque was likely only operational by late 1563.

Usage
The Rüstem Pasha Mosque was originally designed as a Friday mosque, as reflected in Suleiman's ferman (his imperial command ordering construction of the mosque). More recently, it was used for film storage. In 2021 it reopened for worship after extensive restoration.

Exterior
This small mosque was built on a high terrace over a complex of vaulted shops, whose rents were intended to financially support the mosque complex. Its elevation makes it a more visible component of the Istanbul skyline. Narrow, twisting interior flights of steps in the corners give access to a spacious courtyard. The mosque has a double porch with five domed bays, from which projects a deep and low roof supported by a row of columns. Due to the lack of space on the elevated terrace, the ablution kiosk was located at street level.

Interior
The building is basically an octagon inscribed in a rectangle. The main dome rests on four semi-domes; not on the axes but in the diagonals of the building. The arches of the dome spring from four octagonal pillars— two on the north, two on the south— and from piers projecting from the east and west walls. To the north and south are galleries supported by pillars and by small marble columns between them.

İznik tiling
Sinan's architecture is known for emphasizing the structure of the buildings over the internal decoration. The Rüstem Pasha Mosque marked a substantial deviation from his typical style (and traditional Ottoman architecture) as it relied heavily on İznik tiling instead of favouring a more sparse interior. The Anatolian town of İznik was the heart of the Ottoman ceramics industry, which became a central component of the empire's artistic production after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453. While it has been theorized that the tiling may have been inspired by Sinan's wife Mihrimah, it could also be that Rüstem Pasha himself requested the tiling for economic reasons and to support a court artist specializing in floral designs.

The Rüstem Pasha Mosque is famous for its large quantities of İznik tiles in a very wide variety of floral and geometric designs, which cover not only the façade of the porch but also the mihrab, minbar and walls. There are approximately 2300 tiles arranged in around 80 different patterns. These tiles exhibit the early use of Armenian bole, a tomato-red pigment that would become characteristic of İznik pottery. While this red hue is applied more thinly on most of the tiles, it was applied heavily on the tiles near the qibla wall and appeared scarlet in colour. The bright emerald green colour is only used in a panel added above an exterior doorway at a later date, and a study of the qibla tiling indicates that turquoise was the greenest hue available to the mosque's builders prior to the addition of that emerald green. Some of the tiles, particularly those in a large panel under the portico to the left main entrance, are decorated with sage green and dark manganese purple that are characteristic of the earlier 'Damascus ware' colour scheme. Yet the mosque's tiling does not feature the olive green found to be characteristic of Damascus tiles. No other mosque makes such a lavish use of İznik tiles; with later mosques Sinan used tiles more sparingly.

According to Willis, some of the tiles in the Rüstem Pasha Mosque are of European origin (specifically Italian and Dutch) and also date to the eighteenth century.

The qibla wall and mihrab
The Rüstem Pasha Mosque's qibla wall includes a number of new and experimental painting styles in addition to the traditional ceramic tiles. This is consistent with the mosque's unique emphasis on İznik tiles and parallels other buildings designed by Sinan, such as the Süleymaniye Complex. Walter B. Denny hypothesizes that this could have been “deemed a project too large for one designer,” and that several other aspiring architects added to Sinan's contributions.

The qibla wall features mostly blue tiles in a variety of shades, including turquoise and cobalt. Some Armenian bole is used as an “accent,” adding to the general theme of blueness in this section of the mosque. These tiles are almost all “repeating modules” and do not appear to be specially designed for the Rüstem Pasha Mosque. Emblematic is the Rüstem Pasha Border, which consists of cobalt tiles, a white rosace, and turquoise embellishments, and recurs throughout the mosque. The tiles in this section feature rose buds, lotus palmettes, and leaves, consistent with the floral decoration characteristic of this mosque. Despite these details, the qibla tiling is relatively simple: most of the details utilize only two shades of paint, both blue (known as “two-blue” painting), which results in a somewhat monotonous presentation.

Inset in the wall is a mihrab shaped like a half-dodecagon. Between the two mihrab frames rests a panel featuring calligraphy; above them, there are three windows. The repeating tile patterns are shaped to conform to the structure of the mosque, so many are cut in unusual and arbitrary ways. For example, the bottom of the mihrab tiles are cut arbitrarily when they reach the floor. The lack of a foundation leads to an abrupt shift from the tiling to the floor.

Wedged between the mihrab frame and niche is cambered tiling featuring a bright shade of red which stands out because that shade of red is not found elsewhere and contrasts with the dark red used as an accent on many other qibla tiles. This cambered section also is much more ornate than the relatively plain two-blue tiling on either side. The mihrab frame tiles are quite different as they feature embellished white tiles and include blue guard stripe borders. While these borders feature the two-blue painting style, they are less dry than the two-blue tiling found elsewhere on the qibla wall. The border stripes frame both the mihrab and the calligraphy (in the thuluth script) panel above the frame tiles. The result is a unique structure in Istanbul and among Sinan's other works.

title: Rüstem Pasha Mosque


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Delta Zeta

Delta Zeta (ΔΖ, also known as DZ) is an international college sorority founded on October 24, 1902, at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.

Delta Zeta has 170 collegiate chapters in the United States and Canada, and over 200 alumnae chapters in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. As of 2013, there are over 244,400 college and alumnae members, making it the third largest sorority in the nation (after Alpha Delta Pi and Chi Omega). In 1954, the sorority adopted speech and hearing as its philanthropic cause, and is partnered with the Starkey Hearing Foundation and Gallaudet University. Throughout its history, it has absorbed several other smaller sororities and also opened its first Canadian chapter in 1992.

Delta Zeta is one of 26 national sororities that are members under the umbrella organization of the National Panhellenic Conference; the sorority joined the Conference in 1910.

History
Delta Zeta Sorority was founded at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 1902, the same year that the university first allowed female students. Miami is dubbed the "Mother of Fraternities" because of the many prominent men's fraternities which were founded there.

Six of the newly admitted women consulted university president Dr. Guy Potter Benton regarding the founding of the first sorority chapter. Having been a leader in the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, he was familiar with the processes of a Greek organization and helped the women establish the first Delta Zeta chapter, the first sorority at the campus. Benton aided in the preparation of the ritual, badge, and colors. For his contributions, he was named the 'Grand Patron'. The Delta Zeta Sorority was officially incorporated on October 24, 1902. The founding members were: • Alfa Lloyd Hayes

• Mary Jane Collins

• Anna Louise Keen

• Julia Lawrence Bishop

• Mabelle May Minton

• Anne Dial Simmons. The women were harassed for wanting to form a sorority. In one account, someone stole the constitution out of the secretary's hand but Dr. Benton pursued the offender and retrieved the constitution.

The first National Assembly, with Lloyd as the national president, was held in 1907. In 1910, Delta Zeta published the first issue of its national magazine, The LAMP, now issued three times a year. That same year, the sorority joined the National Panhellenic Conference.

Throughout the middle of the century, Delta Zeta absorbed four other sororities: Beta Phi Alpha in 1941, Phi Omega Pi in 1946, Delta Sigma Epsilon in 1956, and Theta Upsilon in 1962; most of these sororities had previously absorbed other, smaller sororities as well.

In 1992, Delta Zeta chartered its first Canadian chapter at the University of Windsor, marking the beginning of the sorority's international expansion.

Symbols
Delta Zeta's flower is the pink Killarney rose, while its stone is the diamond. The turtle is its mascot. The Roman lamp is the official symbol. The badge consists of a lamp on top of a winged Ionic column, all in gold, with a diamond set at the spout of the lamp and four pearls inset on the capital of the column. The Greek letters are inscribed on the lamp. At its inception, the original badge did not include pearls, which were added a few years later.

The sorority's official colors are rose and green. The 1905 Baird's Manual lists the colors as old rose and Nile green which some chapter websites used as of 2018. The 1991 edition of Baird's says old rose and green. However, the sorority's national website lists its colors as rose and green.

Delta Zeta is one of the first sororities to have had a Lilly Pulitzer print made with its symbols.

Organization
The National Council of Delta Zeta is an alumnae board tasked with the governance of the organization.

The Delta Zeta Foundation is a not-for-profit entity within the organization that provides various scholarships for members of the sorority as well as funding leadership, philanthropy, and education programs. There is a national philanthropic organization for active members of Delta Zeta known as the 1902 Loyalty Society, and members join by donating $19.02.

Chapters
Delta Zeta has 170 collegiate chapters in the United States and Canada and over 200 alumnae chapters in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Notable members

 * Mercedes Bates (Chi) – first female corporate officer of General Mills Foods
 * Shelley Berkley (Iota Phi) – U.S. Representative for Nevada's 1st congressional district
 * Marti Dodson (Theta) – lead singer for national recording artist, Saving Jane
 * Nanette Fabray (Xi Omicron) – actress, worked to bring sign language and captioning to television
 * Edith Head (Alumna Initiate, Mu) – Emmy Award-winning designer; seven-time Oscar winner in costume design
 * Florence Henderson (Alpha Chi, honorary alumnae initiate) – Actress
 * Helen Johnston – physician and club woman based in Des Moines, Iowa
 * Princess Märtha of Sweden (Alumna Initiate, Upsilon) – princess of Sweden, crown princess of Norway.
 * Maurine Brown Neuberger (Omega) – former US Senator
 * Melissa Ordway (Delta Delta) – actress and model
 * Gail Patrick (Alpha Pi) – actress, executive producer of the Perry Mason
 * Ivy Baker Priest (Alpha Chi) – Former United States Treasurer
 * Pat Priest (Alpha Chi) – actress known for The Munsters
 * Rebecca Rusch (Alpha Beta) – professional athlete
 * Galadriel Stineman (Kappa Beta) – actress
 * Marcia Wallace (Delta Nu) – television and stage actress
 * Lynn Forney Young (Zeta Psi) – 43rd President General of the Daughters of the American Revolution
 * Kay Yow (Zeta Lambda) – women's basketball coach at North Carolina State University

Controversies
At the end of 2006, the Delta Chapter of Delta Zeta at DePauw University became enmeshed in a controversy that would eventually make national headlines and result in the chapter's closure. The Delta Zeta national leadership was criticized after The New York Times published an article accusing the National office of moving certain members of the Delta Chapter at DePauw University to alumnae status based on their perceived attractiveness. Founded in 1909, the Delta chapter was the sorority's second-oldest active chapter and its fourth-oldest chapter overall (a "single letter" chapter). Despite its long history at DePauw, the Delta Zeta chapter struggled with declining membership and had acquired a negative reputation on campus. As a result, the Delta chapter members voted to request Delta Zeta Sorority to close the chapter due to falling numbers and a lack of interest in recruitment. When notified of the chapter decision, Delta Zeta Sorority arranged a chapter membership review and chapter reorganization rather than closing the chapter completely. Several of the members who were moved to alumnae status (and therefore required to move out of the Delta Zeta house at DePauw) argued that they were moved to alumnae status due to their perceived unattractiveness, weight, or ethnicity and contacted the media.

title: Delta Zeta


text:
Akshay Kumar Maitreya

Akshay Kumar Maitreya (অক্ষয় কুমার মৈত্রেয়) (1 March 1861–10 February 1930 ) was an Indian historian and social worker from Bengal.

Life
Maitreya was born in Nadia (now in West Bengal) to Mathuranath Maitreya. Much of his education was in Kolkata and Rajshahi (now in Bangladesh). He passed his B.L. examination from Rajshahi College. He was a friend of Rabindranath Tagore, but famously engaged with him in an argument about whether history based fiction should necessarily represent historical facts correctly. Maitreya, being a historian, called for historical correctitude, while Tagore declared that an artist has freedom to bend historical facts.

Maitreya was instrumental in creating the Varendra Research Museum, Rajshahi. He was also credited for disproving the Black Hole of Calcutta theory used by the colonial British to discredit Siraj Ud Daulah in a seminar organized by the Calcutta Historical Society on 24 March 1916. His most significant work is Gaudalekhamala. It consists the Sanskrit texts (along with their translations in Bengali) of a number of stone and copper-plate inscriptions issued by the Pala emperors.

Works
Maitreya's works include:
 * Samarsimha (1883)
 * Sitaram Ray (1898)
 * Sirajuddaulah (1898)
 * Mir Qasim (1906)
 * Aitihasik Chitra (Snapshots of History)
 * Gaudalekhamala (The epigraphs of Gaud), Rajshahi (1912)
 * Phiringi Banik (European Traders) (1922)
 * " Sagarika"
 * " Rani Bhabani"

title: Akshay Kumar Maitreya