text:
Talk:Home

The big debate for morons
Lemme put it this way - is a hime somewhere you Live, or somewhere you stay?. You can only choose one or the other. below with your signature and on 25/12/2007 I'll check up the votes and see which wins! --Napster964 (talk) 19:11, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Didn't go so well. maybe calling people morons can put them off 144.139.121.190 (talk) 14:21, 17 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Should that link be there? It almost seems like commercial. What other relevant things are there to a home? --unsigned
 * Similarly, what else can be added to home? Ideas? Gflores Talk 21:54, 3 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually I think it's a pretty weak article at present. There is a list of quotations which is not really informative and is necessarily arbitrary, because there are so many potential quotes which have the word "home" in them. Other than that, it's really just a dictionary definition, and most dictionaries do a better job of it, giving a wider range of meanings, for example. I was trying to think of how to improve it and wondered what someone would hope to find if they looked up "home" in an encyclopedia, but I couldn't really think of an occasion where they would want to! So, to answer the question, some ideas: a more complete dictionary definition with all the shades of meaning of home; or give up and relegate the article to Wictionary; or a more serious psychological/sociological/anthropological discussion about the concept of home; or describe Home in literature, poetry and song (which might sort out the quotes a bit, as examples). Not much help I'm afraid! Bluewave 17:38, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Better?
I redid the article somewhat, not adding much information but taking out some irrelevant things like the off-topic South Park bit and making the article look nicer overall. Also added picture. --Ben Tibbetts 02:44, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Maybe add that home is a place to sleep, rest and eat?
 * Maybe add that home is not only "where a person lives" but where many persons a family can live?
 * Would be good with a better picture (in PNG format), that is nicer and has windows, etc...
 * The microsoft paint picture makes it look like an Uncyclopedia entry to me.--IMFromKathlene 22:08, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Someone write a better article fro home this one sucks. -unsigned —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.253.108.13 (talk) 20:24, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

I suggest to add that home is our planet. JUST simple change: "More generally, "home" may be considered to be a geographic area, such as a town, village, suburb, city, country OR PLANET." As our planet is home for everyone and everything what lives on it. Thank you. Uyazi (talk) 00:04, 22 November 2018 (UTC)

Psychology
The article is self-contradictory: it says that the state of the home influences the behavior of the people in it and then says that the character of the people in the home influences the state of the home. Does the home influence its inhabitants or vice versa? Is there some sort of source for this? Theshibboleth 08:10, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I would say a home influences its inhabitants while the inhabitants can modify the home as they see fit. Why must it be either/or? And no, I couldn't find a source for any of that stuff, but I would think at the least that it makes sense. Maybe I'll expand the psychology section with references if I have time... I'll put this on that pesky to-do list. [[Image:smile-tpvgames.gif]] Ben Tibbetts 00:56, 27 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Update: While it is not a citing for the idea itself, adding an implied reference to Patch Adams at least verifies the claim as being something other than original research. Now comes the question of whether it is POV or an accepted theory... I will look into this. Ben Tibbetts 20:28, 8 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Two things can both influence each other. That is not necessarily a contradiction.  In fact, two people can influence each other.  :-)  CocoaZen (talk) 03:54, 17 September 2011 (UTC)

Home. Ever felt and lived with my minimal life experience. I never felt home while im home, i felt it only when silence was there with me. Limitededition43 (talk) 16:33, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

Images
I vote for the deletion of the image - it lacks seriousness. Vince 07:31, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

 * It doesn't have to be serious. WinterSpw (talk) 00:04, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Positive v Negative
It is a widely perceived idea that the word ‘home’ is always attached to the nice and safe things in ones life - of security, happiness and family orientation. However this may not always be the case. A woman whose partner is constantly beating her, a child who is being abused,a male who is having major marital problems may be fearful to go home and not subscribe to the safe and secure theory. Home can be a prison that people find themselves trapped in with no obvious way of escape except. . . homelessness. To develope this theory is this where the home influences the person? Does a child who is brought up under the abuse banner go on to use this on his or her children? Does a woman who suffers from domestic violence encourage her daughters to put up and shut up?

'Saccharine as Dorothy'
This page is relatively as saccharine as dorothy in the wizard of oz. it would greatly benefit from a more anthropological and historical analysis of the term (etymology) and concept especially as it relates in the creation of places, nations, etc. structuralist (Levi-Strauss) and post-structuralist (Kristeva, Lyotard, Deleuze) thoughts must enter.
 * Yes, this page needs a lot of work. Care to improve it? Go right ahead. ~ ONUnicorn (Talk / Contribs) 22:09, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

Shreshth91
Can we block this user? in his short life time, he's become such a gigantic asshole that i feel his wikipedia editing privlidges should be revoked. just read his bio- he's an arrogant ass!
 * Thank you for your frank appraisal of my self. I will try to improve myself. However, please try to cool down, and return after the block as a more mature person. -- May the Force be with you! Shreshth91 08:20, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Other usages
WRT use of 'home' by real-estate agents instead of 'house' - this is an empirical observation combined with a logical statement, it is not original research.Eyedubya 21:08, 15 May 2007 (UTC)
 * There's only one sentence in that portion that I really have a problem with, and that's: "Clearly this is a marketing ploy, since a house that is for sale is either someone else's home (the vendor's or its sitting tenant's) or no-one's home, but not yet the home of a prospective purchaser." Yes, it is an observation combined with a logical statement - but it's your observation and your logic, and while I agree with it completely, to me it is the very definition of original research. unsigned comment
 * As another example: Newton sat under an apple tree and saw that the apple fell towards the earth. He observed that the apple fell towards the center of the earth and from that proceeded to logically come up with a description of gravity.  Had Wikipedia been around then, if he had come to Wikipedia and said "The apple falls.  Clearly this is because of gravity." It would have been Original research.  If, however, you can find something in a magazine, newspaper, book, or what-have-you that says that this is clearly a marketing ploy then you can quote that publication and source it and this article will be 1000x stronger. ~  ONUnicorn (Talk problem solving 01:33, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Working on defining "home" in the united states - looking for contributions or suggestions
Appreciate the various threads of conversation over this term and how to explain it- am working on a project that tackles a very similar problem. Any image or prose contributions to what home means to you as a person living in the united states are sought, as well as any suggestions of other resources with the same theme. www.thehomelandsproject.com many thanks —Preceding unsigned comment added by Homelands (talk • contribs) 20:31, 5 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I'll work on it. Garbagecycle (talk) 23:44, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

Expansion
Okay so this article is an untagged stub which would usually be a problem in itself but i think i have just enough material to bring it up to size, being a major and broad concept, "Home" warrants a full article. Randy6767 (talk) 19:48, 8 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree. It should be longer. 99.224.137.2 (talk) 04:20, 1 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Much longer Saturdayseven (talk) 13:17, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

Top-importance or high-importance?
Should the importance rating on the WikiProject Home Living banner be top-importance rather than high-importance? It's the most vital article in the project. A NG C HENRUI Talk♨ 12:05, 4 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I would agree. Saturdayseven (talk) 13:13, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

I agree as well. It is about houses. Sipslice11 (talk) 18:29, 12 December 2013 (UTC)

Famous Expression
People who work on Wikipedia, should mention the famously used expression "Home Is Where The Heart Is",

Or you should create a section that has expressions that have been mentioned about a home to expand or improve the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.153.135.44 (talk) 22:48, 4 October 2010 (UTC)
 * We would need citations to include that. Saturdayseven (talk) 13:10, 1 January 2011 (UTC)
 * This is very dumb! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.25.223.41 (talk) 15:04, 6 February 2011 (UTC)
 * I have added citations to a couple of these phrases that appear in the lead. -—Kvng 22:46, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

External link
I admit to a bias, so I'll let others decide. I think the Home Wikia would be a good external link for this page to include. What do you think? -- CocoaZen (talk) 03:54, 17 September 2011 (UTC)

 * There is currently no External links section in the article and this is not a compelling enough reference to start one. -—Kvng 22:46, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

Expansion
I think we should expand this. --108.35.232.7 (talk) 01:26, 21 May 2012 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 22 September 2018
Please change :

Refugees from homes flee where such extreme forms of quasi-nuisance occur such as harassment and religious persecution, who may seek a sheltered housing refuge or place of asylum respectively.

Which is a clumsy and inaccurate sentence to

Refugees are people who have fled their homes due to violence or persecution. They may seek temporary housing in a shelter or they may claim asylum in another country in an attempt to relocate permanently.

Thank you. 104.163.190.29 (talk) 23:50, 22 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Yes check.svg Done, thank you. Gulumeemee (talk) 07:24, 23 September 2018 (UTC)

"Private residence" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Private residence. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Steel1943 (talk) 15:59, 24 January 2020 (UTC)

"Private house" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Private house. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Steel1943 (talk) 16:00, 24 January 2020 (UTC)

Avadhesh Chandra Maurya — Preceding unsigned comment added by Acmweb (talk • contribs) 12:08, 30 January 2020 (UTC)

Today's articles for improvement/Nominations
A nomination is open at the above link for the article Home to become a weekly article for improvement. It would then be offered for editing to those signed up on the articles for improvement list, so please ivote if the mood hits. Thanks. Randy Kryn (talk) 13:00, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

Why is this page still locked???
Any particular reason? Unlock please. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 36.11.225.249 (talk) 23:57, 28 May 2020 (UTC)

Dual use of Spaces
This article is about dual use of spaces available at various sites like theaters, malls, warehouses, lofts, out- houses, mezzanine floors, garages.

This simply modifies the utility of spaces for just a small portion of the day/ night time.

Example situations =
 * when one may have to stay away from home for work. In such cases we can comfortably use chairs of cinema halls ,
 * vast spaces in warehouses, modified lofts/ mezzanines of homes or shopping areas at night.

These spaces can easily accommodate fold-able furniture / multi-functional furniture and even assembled / knock-down furniture. This can solve accommodation issues as well as a time savoir. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Shaku Vaghela (talk • contribs) 06:54, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 October 2020
"Please Change:"

A home, or domicile, is a living space used as a permanent or semi-permanent residence for an individual, family, household or several families in a tribe. It is often a house, apartment, or other building, or alternatively a mobile home, houseboat, yurt or any other portable shelter. A principle of constitutional law in many countries, related to the right to privacy enshrined in article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the inviolability of the home as an individual's place of shelter and refuge.

Homes typically provide rooms, areas, and facilities for sleeping, preparing food, eating and hygiene. Larger groups may live in a housing cooperative, nursing home, children's home, convent or any similar living arrangement or institution. A homestead also includes agricultural land and facilities for domesticated animals. Where more secure dwellings are not available, people may live in the informal and sometimes illegal shacks found in slums and shanty towns. More generally, "home" may be considered to be a geographic area, such as a town, village, suburb, city, or country.

"Which doesn't touch upon the concept of home as the wikipedia page states it should, to:"

A home, or domicile, is a space used as a permanent or semi-permanent residence for an individual, group or family. It is a fully or semi sheltered space and can have both interior and exterior aspects to it. Homes provide sheltered spaces for instance rooms, where domestic activity can be performed such as sleeping, preparing food, eating and hygiene as well as providing spaces for work and leisure such as remote working, studying and playing. Physical forms of homes can be static such as a house or an apartment, mobile such as a houseboat, trailer or yurt or digital such as virtual space. The aspect of ‘home’ can be considered across scales, from the micro scale showcasing the most intimate spaces of the individual dwelling and direct surrounding area to the macro scale of the geographic area such as town, village, city, country or planet.

A principle of constitutional law in many countries, related to the right to privacy enshrined in article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the inviolability of the home as an individual's place of shelter and refuge.

The concept of ‘home’ has been researched and theorized across disciplines - topics ranging from the idea of home, the interior, the psyche, liminal space, contested space to gender and politics. Such topics can be found in the writings of Gaston Bachelard, Jean Baudrillard, Mrs Isabella Beeton, Pierre Bourdieu, Beatriz Colomina, Le Corbusier, Mary Douglas, Diana Fuss, Dolores Hayden, Martin Heidegger, Henri Lefebvre, Edith Wharton amongst many others. Discussions of home can help better understand and challenge perceptions of self and the extension of self.

Places of residence do not necessarily correlate with associations to the home; the home is comprised of a physical space as well as an emotional and physiological relationship, where memory, comfort, activity and familiarity are some of the many important factors in the construction of home. Amongst being a space of domestic activity the home in the 21st century has appropriated new meanings with the advance of technology, therefore enabling multiple activities to be performed within a singular space. The home blurs boundaries of the domestic, the professional and the leisurely and conceptually becomes an amorphous space.

The home as a concept expands beyond residence as contemporary lifestyles and technological advances redefine the way the global population lives and works. DianaVS2 (talk) 13:17, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Needs expansion, lead needs more inline citations
you added the cleanup tag with the problems: "Needs expansion, lead needs more inline citations". Please read WP:LEADCITE and if there is something that truly needs a citation in the lead please tag it inline. As for the expansion, I don't think this needs to be at the top of the article because ever section needing expansion is already tagged. – Finnusertop (talk ⋅ contribs) 09:24, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

Invitation to US Housing Edit-a-thon
Please join us on 13 December 2020, 12:00-14:00 EST, as we update and improve articles in Wikipedia related to housing in the United States of America. Sign up here. -- M2545 (talk) 12:16, 10 December 2020 (UTC)

Quotations and excerpts
DMT Biscuit I think that the new additions to the articles are great, however, it would be even better if less quotations are used. It may also help to remove the excerpts and replace them with content, as doing so would increase in page size significantly. (Archival context: WP:30 kB drive). CactiStaccingCrane (talk) 11:54, 9 August 2022 (UTC)
 * I certainly feel that the excerpts should be removed as they stand as redundant, obtrusive to edit and mostly irrelevant. Reduction of quotations, I find, is advisable but usually happens later on as more literature/context is added. There are also cases such as the Coke quote where the proper context requires the quote. I also err on the side of quotations for exceptional or contentious claims - such as women's place at home. DMT Biscuit (talk) 14:14, 9 August 2022 (UTC)

Mangament
This area seems misplaced as it relates to the practical functions of a house or building entirely more so than the concept of a home. I elect to remove it but due to the boldness involved I thought it best to garner any other insights. DMT Biscuit (talk) 16:44, 30 August 2022 (UTC)

Hi
Anything 182.48.88.26 (talk) 13:24, 15 October 2022 (UTC)

Football
When playing football pick ball up and run down the fields 79.71.58.92 (talk) 19:01, 17 November 2022 (UTC)

Els homes són uns desgraciats de merda que es creuen superiors de les dones, i si no fos per elles ells no serien aquí. 80.24.239.160 (talk) 11:10, 17 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Home


text:
Eric Fenby

Eric William Fenby OBE (22 April 1906 – 18 February 1997) was an English composer, conductor, pianist, organist and teacher who is best known for being Frederick Delius's amanuensis from 1928 to 1934. He helped Delius realise a number of works that would not otherwise have been forthcoming.

Fenby was born in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, and as a youth took lessons in the piano, organ and cello. At the age of 12 he was appointed organist at Holy Trinity Church. As a composer he was largely self-taught. By 1925 he had conducted a work for string orchestra at the Spa Grand Hall in Scarborough and had written some minor pieces.

Working for Delius
In 1928, hearing that Delius had become virtually helpless because of blindness and paralysis (due to syphilis), he offered to serve him as an amanuensis. Fenby worked, at the composer's home in Grez-sur-Loing, near Paris, for extended periods until Delius died almost six years later. The project was taxing not only because of the need to devise a unique mode of musical communication but also because of Delius's difficult temperament and atheism.

Although born into a Methodist household, Fenby had become a devout Catholic. The strain on him was intensified by the requirement to act as nurse during the composer's final days. Further responsibilities followed, including visiting Delius's severely ill widow, Jelka Rosen, and accompanying the composer's exhumed body back to England for burial. The whole experience left him "completely burnt out". In 1936, he published an account, Delius As I Knew Him.

The works he helped Delius to write (all for orchestra unless otherwise shown) are:
 * A Song of Summer
 * Fantastic Dance
 * Irmelin prelude
 * Caprice and Elegy (cello and chamber orchestra)
 * Violin Sonata No. 3 (violin and piano)
 * Songs of Farewell (double choir and orchestra)
 * Idyll (soprano, baritone and orchestra).

This episode in Fenby's and Delius's lives was portrayed in Ken Russell's 1968 production for the BBC, Song of Summer, which can be found on YouTube. In 1980 Kate Bush sang about them in her song "Delius". In a much distorted form, the Delius-Fenby collaboration also serves as a basis for the fictional Ayrs-Frobisher collaboration in David Mitchell's novel Cloud Atlas.

Later career
After Delius's death Fenby entered the employ of the music publisher Boosey & Hawkes. He was contracted to write the score for Alfred Hitchcock's Jamaica Inn, (from Daphne du Maurier's novel), but his film career was interrupted by the Second World War. After joining the Royal Artillery he was transferred to the Education Corps at Bulford, where he conducted the Southern Command Orchestra. He was later commissioned to run Royal Army Education Corps courses in Lancashire.

Having left the Catholic Church, in 1944 Fenby married Rowena C.T. Marshall (1914-1998), the daughter of a Scarborough vicar. They had a son, Roger, and a daughter, Ruth.

After the war Fenby founded the music department of the North Riding Training College. He was artistic director for the Bradford Delius Festival in 1962. He then became Professor of Harmony at the Royal Academy of Music in London from 1964 until 1977.

Fenby died in Scarborough, having returned to Catholicism in his final years. His cremated remains are interred with those of his wife in the churchyard of St Laurence Church, Scalby, a village on the north edge of Scarborough.

Honours
Fenby was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1962 for his artistic direction of the 1962 Delius Centenary Festival in Bradford. He was appointed President of the Delius Society that same year.

He was awarded honorary doctorates from the universities of Bradford and Warwick (UK), and Jacksonville (USA).

Recordings and films
As a conductor and pianist Fenby made numerous recordings, including the definitive performances found in the Fenby Legacy double LP for Unicorn Records. Fenby recorded all three of Delius's violin sonatas, first with Ralph Holmes and later with Yehudi Menuhin, and Delius's Cello Sonata with Julian Lloyd Webber.

He was adviser to Ken Russell for the 1968 film Song of Summer, in which Fenby is portrayed by Christopher Gable. He was also the subject of a documentary film by Yorkshire Television called Song of Farewell.

Works
Always a severe self-critic, he destroyed several substantial early works but the following smaller pieces survive.

Orchestral works
 * Overture "Rossini on Ilkla Moor" (1938) ASV CD WHL2126
 * Slow march "Lion Limb" (1952)
 * "Two Aquarelles"

Choral works
 * "Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis" (1932)
 * "For music on the eve of Palm Sunday" (1933, words by Robert Nichols)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Eric Fenby


text:
Royal Irish Yacht Club

The Royal Irish Yacht Club is a yacht club located in Dún Laoghaire Harbour, County Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Republic of Ireland. The club was founded in 1831, with the Marquess of Anglesey, who commanded the cavalry at the Battle of Waterloo being its first Commodore. John Skipton Mulvany designed the clubhouse, which still retains a number of original architectural features since being opened in 1851.

History
The Royal Irish Yacht Club was founded in 1831 in Kingstown (later renamed Dún Laoghaire), Ireland. In that same year, the club was granted an ensign by the Admiralty of a white ensign with the Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Ireland beneath the Union Jack in canton. In the club's constitution, it was unique amongst yacht clubs in that it required yacht owners to provide the club's commodore with information about the coast and any deep sea fisheries they encountered on all of their voyages. In 1846, the club was granted permission to use the Royal prefix by Queen Victoria. The club built a new clubhouse in 1851. Despite the Republic of Ireland breaking away from the United Kingdom, the Royal Irish Yacht Club elected to retain its Royal title.

In 1848, a yachting trophy called "Her Majesty's Plate" was established by Queen Victoria to be contested at Kingstown where the Royal Irish Yacht Club is based. The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at the time, George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon suggested it should be contested by the Royal Irish Yacht Club and the Royal St. George Yacht Club in an annual regatta, a suggestion that was approved by both clubs with the Royal St. George hosting the first competitive regatta.

Ensign
The club's original British white ensign was granted by royal warrant in 1831. Though the Royal Irish Yacht Club later changed the ensign to remove the St George's Cross and replace the Union Jack with the flag of the Republic of Ireland in canton, the original ensign may still be used by British members of the Royal Irish Yacht Club.

Notable former members

 * First Duke of Wellington (elected 1833)
 * Daniel O'Connell (elected 1846)
 * Admiral Sir Charles Napier (elected 1848)
 * Sir Thomas Lipton (elected 1906)
 * Conor O'Brien (elected 1923)

title: Royal Irish Yacht Club


text:
Heart South Wales

Heart South Wales is a regional radio station that broadcasts to South and West Wales from studios in Cardiff Bay. The station is owned and operated by Global Radio and forms part of the expanded Heart radio network of stations.

Real Radio
On 3 October 2000 the Real Radio brand was launched after GMG Group won its first broadcast licence, serving South and West Wales. Following an introduction by Sir Tom Jones, the station's founding managing director John Myers introduced the song "A Star is Born".

In December 2008, GMG Group was awarded the corresponding North and Mid Wales licence. Following an agreed format change request with Ofcom, the existing South and West Wales service was rolled out to the new coverage area. The station began broadcasting on its North and Mid Wales frequencies on 4 January 2011.

Real Radio Wales was a music and speech station, playing an AC format of classic, contemporary and current music the past 25 years to the present day.

The station also carried news bulletins every hour between the hours of 6am and 7pm weekdays and from 6am to 2pm on Saturdays and Sundays (including half-hour headlines at breakfast and drivetime) from Cardiff. Other bulletins were provided by Sky News through IRN.

Heart
On 25 June 2012 it was announced Global Radio (the owner of stations such as Capital and Heart) had bought GMG Radio. The former GMG stations, including Real Radio, continued to operate separately until a regulatory review was carried out.

On 6 February 2014, Global Radio reached an agreement to sell the North Wales licence for Real Radio and seven other stations to Communicorp. The South Wales licence remains under Global's ownership.

Up until April 2014, the station was available across the UK on digital satellite TV (Sky Digital channel 0146), taking up the slot following the closure of Real Radio (Digital), but was replaced by The Arrow.

Under OFCOM rules, the sale required the all-Wales Real Radio station to be split into two with separate stations, launched under separate owners.

Both stations were rebranded and relaunched as Heart South Wales and Heart North and Mid Wales on Tuesday 6 May 2014. Around the time of the relaunch, the station's audience share had increased from 9.1% to 11.5% in the previous twelve months.

In February 2019, following Ofcom's decision to relax local content obligations from commercial radio, Global announced it would replace Heart Wales' local breakfast and weekend shows with networked programming from London.

As of 3 June 2019, the station's local output consists of a three-hour Drivetime show on weekdays, alongside local news bulletins, traffic updates and advertising.

Programming
All networked programming originates from Global's London headquarters, including Heart Breakfast, presented each weekday by Jamie Theakston and Amanda Holden.

Regional programming is produced and broadcast from Global's Cardiff Bay studios from 4-7pm on weekdays, presented by Simon Jagger and Chris Wood.

News
Global's Cardiff Bay newsroom broadcasts hourly regional news bulletins from 6am-7pm on weekdays and 6am-12pm at weekends with headlines on the half hour during weekday breakfast and drivetime shows.

National news updates air hourly from Global's London headquarters at all other times. The Cardiff Bay newsroom also produces bulletins for Capital South Wales and Heart North and Mid Wales (owned by Communicorp), Smooth Wales, Capital North West and Wales and Capital Cymru.

title: Heart South Wales


text:
User talk:Kizzle/secret/exit polls

I looked over the article and made some notes on a printout of it paper, but i left them elsewhere. i'll get to putting them in when i get them. one thing i put on there is that I there should be a crash-course in stats for binomial/normal distr., so people can know what the exit polls mean. ("now you can be an internet activist who doesn't know how to analyze poll data, too!") Kevin Baastalk 23:18, 2005 Feb 25 (UTC)

 * I agree, take a look at the main page commentary notes if you haven't in a while, I'm taking 3 sweeps at each commentary section. Right now, I'm in the learn process, where I'm just trying to convey the critical information in the proper order, after that comes mucho editing, after sentence and grammar cleanup, the paper is going to have to make sure no prior advanced knowledge of any topic be it elections, statistics (especially in this section), or any of the current events mentioned.  But if you have some stuff written down already, please make a note of it.  Maybe a good way to bring those edits you wrote down on paper is to just edit my commentary one edit at a time, and include the justification in the edit summary, then i can look at the page history and see each individual change and why you wanted it that way.  Either that or just include parentheticals here and there within the text. --kizzle 20:27, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

Finished framework of the section, otherwise known as version 0.01. Let the feeding frenzy begin of where i'm wrong. I'm going to start generally rewording shit to sound better, this was almost stream of consciousness when I wrote it, so it needs to flow. Key points where I think its weak:

 * How do I more effectively present all the official explanations and rebuttals? All must be included, as every possible explanation must be detailed and analyzed, but it gets repetitious in the wording to try and explain something like 10 times.
 * Ukraine section must detail a bit more the role of exit polls in enabling people to conclude fraud.
 * Organization responsible for exit polls (NEP) must be introduced.
 * U.S. Exit Poll Discrepancies section must be checked, double-checked, and triple-checked for accuracy, I think I'm right but I just want to make sure.
 * Two official explanations to find more detail about for analysis
 * Prior exit poll bias towards Democrat.
 * Massive "red shift" implies massive fraud.

Keep in mind its very very rough, so be gentle :) --kizzle 00:29, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

official explanations of this discrepancy
kizzle - do i interpret this correctly that "stake" refers to "stock"; that the ahmanson family owns the majority of es&s stock (in fact, over 2/3rds)? as i understand it, there is legal significance to owning the majority of stock. also i think is significant is the percentage of the voting machine market es&s has. and you said "main financial backer" of caltech - how much percentage of caltech? are they the biggest? top ten? pie-charts for all of these. pie-charts pie-charts pie-charts. Kevin Baastalk 23:09, 2005 Apr 24 (UTC)

 * not sure about amount, that would have to be figured out later in fleshing out/fact-checking. What I do know is that they donated a wing, and give out many scholarships to CalTech... google ahmanson and CalTech and you'll see.--kizzle 04:09, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * I found where you got the 68% stake. i linked up ahmason in the irregularities articles to his wiki article, which is a stub.  maybe it could use some expansion?

 * also, doesn't one of the recent discoveries of ethic violations by tom delay involve this family? a name similiar, at least. regarding an airline ticket purchase on a lobbyists' credit card. or am i wrong?
 * Sorry, Abramoff, not ahmanson.

 * mr. ahmanson has touretts! Kevin Baastalk 20:36, 2005 Apr 25 (UTC)

and they sure stand to lose a lot of meny if that stock goes down. (for instance, if people switch to the more reliable and cheaper optical scan technology) Kevin Baastalk 23:15, 2005 Apr 24 (UTC)

 * more than 50% of stock: "majority ownership" Kevin Baastalk: new 22:46, 2005 Apr 27 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kizzle/secret/exit polls


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of wars by historic epoch

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 15:56, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

List of wars by historic epoch
The same as List of wars except split up into unnecessary articles that mostly don't exist. Not needed as a redirect because nothing links to it and no one would just type in the title. If this is deleted, its accompanying article Wars of the Ancient Era should be deleted too or made into a redirect to List of wars before 1000 since it just copies most of the content from that article. DopefishJustin (・∀・) 23:19, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur, delete. Indexing is useful, but duplicate indexing is not, as they tend to become divergent. Radiant! 09:43, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Harold Wellman

Harold William Wellman (25 March 1909 – 28 April 1999) was an English-born New Zealand geologist known for his work on plate tectonics. He is notable for his discovery of South Island's Alpine Fault. Wellman became a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 1954, and was awarded the Hector Memorial Medal and Prize in 1957 and the McKay Hammer Award in 1959.

Life and career
Harold Wellman was born in Devonport, England, to Evan Edward Wellman, an engineer in the Royal Navy, and May Kinglake Hoare. In 1927 his father was deployed at Devonport, Auckland, New Zealand for three years and the family moved to New Zealand. Harold Wellman first worked as a surveyor, but was soon forced to become a gold prospector on the West Coast due to the lack of work available during the depression.

In the mid-1930s Wellman began his geological study while working in mineral exploration for the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. He initially studied at Canterbury University, later moving to Victoria University where he completed his Bachelor of Science (1939) and Master of Science (1941). That same year he married Joan Evelyn Butler in Dunedin, with whom he had three children.

Between 1952 and 1958 he worked for the New Zealand Geological Survey based in Wellington. During this time he received major awards for his research, gaining a fellowship from the Royal Society of New Zealand in 1954, an honorary Doctor of Sciences from the University of New Zealand in 1956 and he was awarded the Royal Society's Hector Memorial Medal and Prize in 1957. He later joined the Department of Geology at Victoria University, becoming chair in 1970 and an emeritus professor in 1975.

Works and discoveries
During his career Harold Wellman published on a wide variety of geological topics, however, he was most influential in discovering the Alpine Fault and its importance to New Zealand's geology. In 1940 Harold Wellman first identified that the Southern Alps was related to a fault line which ran for approximately 650 km (400 miles). The fault was officially named the Alpine Fault in 1942. At the same time, Harold Wellman proposed the 480 km (300 miles) lateral displacement on the Alpine Fault.

This displacement was inferred by Harold Wellman due in part to the similarity of rocks in Southland and Nelson on either side of the Alpine Fault. Lateral displacements of this magnitude could not be explained by pre-plate tectonics geology and his ideas were not initially widely accepted until 1956. Wellman also proposed in 1964 that the Alpine Fault was a Cenozoic structure, which was in conflict with the older Mesozoic age accepted at the time. This idea coupled with the displacement on the fault proposed that the Earth's surface was in relatively rapid constant movement and helped to overthrow the old geosynclinal hypothesis in favour of plate tectonics.

title: Harold Wellman


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Dave Cooke

Dave Cooke (born August 1, 1952) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was an NDP member of the provincial legislature from 1977 to 1997, and was a senior cabinet minister in the government of Bob Rae.

Background
Cooke was born in Windsor, Ontario, the son of Sid and Betty Cooke. He attended the University of Windsor and graduated with a degree in social work. He worked as a social worker at the Essex Children's Aid Society in Windsor. He served on the Windsor Planning Board in 1974 and was a member of the Windsor Board of Education from 1975 to 1976.

Politics
He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the general election of 1977, defeating Liberal Michael MacDougall by over 2,000 votes in the riding of Windsor—Riverside. He was re-elected by greater margins in the elections of 1981, 1985, 1987 and 1990. Cooke defeated future Liberal MP Rick Limoges by almost 6,000 votes in 1987.

Unlike most other members of the NDP caucus, Cooke was supportive of Bob Rae's leadership throughout the 1980s. As early as 1981, he had petitioned Rae to run for the leadership of the provincial party. He became the party's whip in 1985 and acted as the health critic. In 1987, he was appointed as the party's House leader, and became pensions critic.

In government
The NDP won a majority government in the 1990 election. Cooke, as one of the party's most senior MPPs, was appointed Minister of Housing and Municipal Affairs on October 1, 1990. On July 31, 1991, he was appointed Government House Leader and he moved to the Ministry of Municipal Affairs. Cooke also served as Chair of the Management Board of Cabinet from September 23, 1992 to February 3, 1993.

As Minister of Housing and Municipal Affairs, Cooke announced that the government would restrict most rent increases to 4.6% for the present year and 5.4% for 1991. The provisions for 1990 were made retroactive. Tenants' groups supported these changes, while landlord representatives were generally opposed. A few days after the policy announcement, a landlord group placed a $25,000 advertisement in The Wall Street Journal suggesting that investors avoid Ontario. Their ploy was widely criticized. Cooke later announced that he would work to factor in the costs of legitimate building renovations.

On February 3, 1993, Cooke was promoted to the high-profile position of Minister of Education, which he retained for the remainder of the Rae government's time in office.

Cooke endorsed the Rae government's establishment of a casino in Windsor as a means of stimulating the city's economy during the recession of the early 1990s. He also strongly opposed cuts to welfare recipients. As education minister, he maintained support for "de-streaming" (which had been endorsed by Tony Silipo, his predecessor) and endorsed and implemented province-wide testing.

Opposition and resignation
The NDP lost the 1995 provincial election, although Cooke was re-elected in Windsor—Riverside with a reduced majority. He continued to serve as NDP house leader from 1995 to 1996. In 1996, he endorsed Frances Lankin's unsuccessful bid to replace Rae as party leader.

Cooke resigned from the legislature in January 1997, after being appointed to an "Education Improvement Commission" established by the Progressive Conservative government of Mike Harris, later chairing the commission.

After politics
He was a regular member of TVOntario's Studio 2 political discussion panel. He was head of the Board of governors at the University of Windsor until 2009.

In 2008, he was appointed by Windsor mayor Eddie Francis to chair a committee to examine the feasibility of a marina-canal plan in the city's downtown area. The concept was eventually rejected by city council as too expensive.

In February, 2015, Cooke was named Chair of Ontario's Education Quality and Accountability Office. He became a member of the EQAO Board of Directors in 2008.

In November 2, 2022, Cooke came out as gay on TVO.

title: Dave Cooke


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Edward M. Burke

Edward Michael Burke (born December 29, 1943) is an American politician found guilty of racketeering, bribery, and extortion who served as the alderman of Chicago's 14th ward from 1969 to 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, he was first elected to the Chicago City Council in 1969, and represented part of the city's Southwest Side. Chair of Council's Committee on Finance, Burke had been called Chicago's "most powerful alderman" by the Chicago Sun-Times. Burke was named one of the "100 Most Powerful Chicagoans" by Chicago Magazine, describing him as "[o]ne of the last of the old-school Chicago Machine pols."

Burke is the longest-serving alderman in Chicago history. Despite gaining prominence in Chicago politics, Burke was known to clash with the "old guard" of Mayor Richard J. Daley and often aligned with fellow Councilman Ed Vrdolyak. Along with Vrdolyak, he was a leader of the "Vrdolyak 29" during the first term of Mayor Harold Washington, the "Council Wars" era. Burke and his staff were the subjects of federal and local investigations, and members of his staff were the targets of indictments and convictions involving payroll and contracting irregularities. Burke opted not to run in the 2023 election, ending a record 14-term tenure on the City Council.

Burke was the lead partner with Klafter & Burke, a law firm that specializes in property tax appeals; the firm has served clients who do business with the city and also provided services to former U.S. president Donald Trump. As of August 2019, Burke is no longer a partner with the law firm.

On November 29, 2018, Burke's office at Chicago City Hall and his Aldermanic ward office were seized by federal agents, who ejected staff and papered over the doors and windows. On January 3, 2019, Burke was charged with attempted extortion for allegedly using his political office to drive business for his law firm. On December 21, 2023, Burke was found guilty by a federal jury on 13 of 14 counts of racketeering, bribery, and extortion. On June 24, 2024, Burke was sentenced to two years in prison and a $2 million fine.

Burke's wife is former Illinois Supreme Court Justice Anne M. Burke. He and his wife were foster parents and were party to a protracted, highly publicized, racially charged child custody dispute.

Early life
Burke is a lifelong resident of Chicago. His father, Joseph P. Burke, was a Cook County Sheriff's policeman who worked as a court bailiff. Joseph Burke served as committeeman from the 14th Ward (a local Democratic party post), and was elected alderman from the 14th Ward in November 1953.

Ed Burke attended Visitation Grammar School in Visitation Parish on Chicago's South Side and is a 1961 graduate of Quigley Preparatory Seminary. He graduated with a bachelor's degree from DePaul University in 1965, then worked for three years as a Chicago police officer, assigned to the state's attorney's office. Meanwhile, he studied law at DePaul University College of Law. In 1968, Burke received a Juris Doctor degree, was admitted to the Illinois Bar, and married his wife, Anne Marie.

While in law school in the late 1960s, an era of escalation in the Vietnam War, Burke received a draft deferment as a full-time student. After his marriage and the death of his father, he applied for and was granted a hardship deferment (3-A), as the sole support of his wife, mother, and two younger brothers. In June 1969, the Illinois Selective Service board of appeals reclassified him 1-A ("available for unrestricted military service"). At the same time, he was accepted into a Chicago-based United States Army Reserve unit, the 363rd civil affairs group, as a private. Political rivals expressed concern that special consideration allowed Burke to join the Reserve unit ahead of others, but an Army investigation found no evidence of manipulation in his favor.

Democratic committeeman
Burke succeeded his father in local politics, first as Democratic Committeeman and then as alderman from the 14th Ward. After the elder Burke died in office of cancer on May 11, 1968, Edward Burke took leave from his job as a policeman to replace his father as Democratic committeeman for the 14th Ward. Though not a precinct captain, Burke won election to his father's committeeman seat in a secret vote of 65 precinct captains, defeating a veteran precinct captain by just 3½ votes. At 24, Burke was the youngest person in Chicago's history to become a ward committeeman, a position he held until being defeated by State Representative Aaron Ortiz on March 17, 2020.

Chicago alderman
The 14th Ward Democrats slated the young Burke as the Democratic candidate in a special election called for on March 11, 1969, to fill vacancies in city council, including the 14th Ward. Burke faced six opponents, but won with a majority of 11,204 votes, while the next highest candidate received 1460 votes. He was sworn in by Mayor Richard J. Daley on March 14. Following the 1971 aldermanic elections, the Council approved the appointment of Burke, who was at the time a police sergeant on leave, as chairman of the Police and Fire Committee. In 1972 and 1973, Burke joined Alderman Edward Vrdolyak in a dissident caucus of aldermen demanding a greater voice in city affairs from Mayor Daley and finance committee chairman Thomas Keane. The dissident aldermen were labelled the "Young Turks," and their caucus was called the "coffee rebellion" after the beverage served at their morning meetings. In the backroom of the city council chamber, Burke once threatened to punch Alderman Leon Despres in the nose if Despres were not so old.

Former city commissioner of consumer affairs Jane Byrne announced her challenge to Chicago Mayor Michael Bilandic on April 24, 1978, describing herself as an alternative to a "cabal of evil men [that] has fastened onto the government of the City of Chicago," and, when pressed to name them, singled out Burke and Vrdolyak. However, during her mayoralty, Byrne would ultimately work together with Burke and Vrdolyak.

Having been first elected in a 1969 special election, Burke has since been reelected thirteen times, in 1971, 1975, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, and 2019. After Burke's first campaign for alderman, he has been unopposed in most of his re-election campaigns. In 2007, Burke faced his first opponent since 1971, a school teacher who had never run for office. A Burke supporter unsuccessfully challenged the validity of the opponent's ballot application, but the case was tied up in court for most of the campaign, and Burke went on to win with nearly 90 percent of the vote.

Burke did not seek reelection in 2023 and retired after completing his thirteenth full term.

Leader of opposition to Mayor Washington
Burke was, along with Alderman Edward Vrdolyak, a leader of the "Vrdolyak 29", a city council majority voting block, which included 28 white and one Puerto Rican aldermen, who opposed the agenda of the newly elected Mayor Harold Washington, Chicago's first black mayor, during Washington's first three years as mayor, 1983–1986, a period referred to as Council Wars. Vrdolyak, a Burke mentor, was chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party. Vrdolyak forged the alliance by expanding the number of city council committees to 29 and negotiating 29 committee chairmanship assignments. On May 2, 1983, during the first city council meeting of the Washington administration, the mayor and some aldermen left the meeting, Vrdolyak was President pro tempore of the city council (chair of city council meetings when the mayor is not present) so he continued the meeting. Burke was chosen to chair the powerful Finance Committee.

Burke assumed a vocal role in anti-Washington attacks and was considered second to Vrdolyak in the anti-Washington caucus. Burke sued in Cook County Circuit Court to remove Washington from office, contending that Washington forfeited his office by being three weeks late in filing a routine financial disclosure by the deadline set by state law. The suit was dismissed. Burke asked Illinois Attorney General Neil Hartigan to seek the ouster of Washington. The request was denied. Richard M. Daley, Cook County States Attorney at the time, pleaded for unity, saying, "This personal hatred has gone too far."

In the spring of 1987, in Chicago's municipal elections, Vrdolyak, rather than seeking re-election as alderman, was the Solidarity Party's candidate challenging Washington for mayor. Washington won re-election, and Washington allies won twenty-five city council seats. Burke led opposition in the city council, but Washington supporter Alderman Timothy C. Evans replaced Burke as Chairman of the Committee on Finance. Ousted from the spacious Finance Committee staff offices, Burke never used the relatively modest office allocated to him in City Hall and instead worked out of his private law office two blocks away. In the days following the death of Mayor Washington in office, Burke supported the Council's selection of Alderman Eugene Sawyer over Evans to serve as mayor. Sawyer prevailed, but Burke was the alderman who least often voted in support of the legislative agenda of Mayor Sawyer, Chicago's second black mayor. After Richard M. Daley was elected mayor in the spring of 1989, Daley nominated Burke as Finance chairman, a position he had held until January 4, 2019, a day after he was charged with attempted exortion of a Burger King operator to gain more property tax appeal business for his private law firm, Klafter & Burke.

The chairmanship of the city council's Committee on Finance has been described as "the No. 2 spot in city government". Almost all expenditures, tax matters, and many city contracts must be recommended by the Finance Committee before they can be considered by the full Council. As Chairman of the Committee on Finance, Burke controlled a 63-member staff and $2.2-million annual budget, dwarfing the resources of other council committees. In the city's self-managed workers' compensation program, the Finance Committee determines and approves payment amounts in disability claims. As Chairman of the Committee on Finance, Burke controls a $1.3M per year taxpayer-funded payroll account available to aldermen with no scrutiny. In 2008, Burke spent the largest portion of the account, $70,164, more than any other alderman by more than $26,000. Burke is also a member of the city council's committees on Aviation; Budget and Government Operation; Energy, Environmental Protection and Public Utilities; and Zoning. Additionally, Burke is a member of the Chicago Planning Commission and Economic Development Commission. He controls three well-funded political action committees, the "Friends of Edward M Burke," the "14th Ward Regular Democratic Organization," and "The Burnham Committee." In July 2009, Burke's campaign funds totaled $3.7 million, higher than any other alderman and one of the largest in Illinois. Illinois judges are elected in partisan elections, and a significant aspect of Burke's influence derives from his role as the longtime chairman of the judicial slating subcommittee of the Cook County Democratic Party.

Burke has been a principal draftsman of the map of ward boundaries. When Burke started his political career, the 14th Ward that he represents was centered in the Back of the Yards neighborhood, more than a mile and a half east of where it is now. The 14th Ward is a gerrymandered area whose shape has been described as "like a piece of a jigsaw puzzle". With each new ward map, drawn every 10 years, its boundaries have been moved farther west. As of 2010, its boundaries extended from 39th Street south to 59th and from Western Avenue west to Cicero Avenue, including most of the Brighton Park, Gage Park and Archer Heights neighborhoods. The ethnic composition of the ward has changed dramatically during Burke's tenure in office. As of 1968, residents were predominantly of Polish or other Eastern European extraction, but by 2010 it had a large Mexican and Mexican-American population.

Burke maintained a taxpayer-salaried staff to ghost-write speeches, resolutions, and works of non-fiction for him, including Thomas J. O'Gorman, carried on Burke's city council staff payroll as a "legislative aide" since 1995. In October 2006, Burke and O'Gorman published End of Watch, a book detailing the lives and tragedies of police officers who died in the line of duty. Also, Burke and R. Craig Sautter published the book Inside the Wigwam: Chicago Presidential Conventions 1860–1996. Under Burke's direction, the Finance Committee staff compiles historical exhibits in City Hall and drafts honorary resolutions for special visitors to Chicago or recently deceased prominent Americans and Chicagoans. Burke was named "Best Orator at City Hall" in the Chicago Reader's "Best of Chicago 2010" special issue.

Ghost payrolling on Burke's staff
The staffing practices of Burke's Finance Committee came under scrutiny in local and federal investigations of ghost-payrolling abuses in local government and resulted in several indictments and convictions.

Marie D'Amico, the daughter of Alderman Anthony Laurino of the 39th Ward of Chicago, pleaded guilty to having collected tens of thousands of dollars in no-work jobs between 1981 and 1994 from three separate public agencies: Cook County sheriff, Cook County clerk, and the city council's Finance Committee while Burke was chairman. Burke denied knowing D'Amico rarely showed up for work. Burke said the Finance Committee's chief investigator, who had died in 1994, "apparently connived" with D'Amico to carry D'Amico on the payroll, prompting the Chicago Sun-Times editorial, "Dead Men Can't Wear Stripes." D'Amico was the first indictment in what became a federal investigation of ghost payrolling known as Operation Haunted Hall. In January 1995, the Operation Haunted Hall grand jury subpoenaed the personnel records of three City Council Committees: Finance, Budget and Traffic.

Burke's long-time aldermanic secretary worked full-time out of the downtown office of Burke's law firm, even though her salary was paid by the city. The secretary was subpoenaed by the Operation Haunted Hall grand jury. Alderman Joe Moore asked, "Why is she over at the law firm? It looks bad. It raises the appearance that she's possibly doing not only city work but law firm work." An attorney for the Finance Committee said, "I don't have to explain why she's at the law firm. [Burke] doesn't have to explain. It makes no difference where she sits...She's a city employee and she does city work." The secretary was transferred to City Hall.

Burke's law firm had employed Joseph A. Martinez, a real estate tax appeal attorney, as a full-time partner since about 1977, when in 1981 Mayor Jane Byrne appointed Martinez to replace the resigning 31st Ward Alderman Chester Kuta. Martinez served out the remainder of Kuta's term but declined to run for re-election when the ward committeeman endorsed a challenger. Between 1985 and 1992, Martinez received $91,000 in wages and benefits for doing little or no work for city council committees, and was a target of Operation Haunted Hall. In April 1995, after the federal subpoena of Council committee personnel records, Martinez returned the $91,000, sending cash to City Hall in three installments. He was charged and pleaded guilty on January 23, 1997. In his plea agreement, he admitted he was a ghost payroller on city council committees, starting with the Finance Committee in 1987, and said that he was employed in each committee job "in order to receive health insurance". Martinez's attorney said Burke got Martinez the jobs because Burke's law firm did not provide health insurance. In a statement, Burke wrote, "A memorandum filed in Mr. Martinez's case [has] asserted that I participated in a scheme that gave rise to these charges. This allegation is untrue. I have done nothing wrong in connection with this matter." Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist Mike Royko wrote, "You would think that a bright fellow such as Burke – whose father was a ward boss and an alderman – would know better..."

Burke was corporate secretary of security firm SDI Security, Inc. from shortly after it was formed in 1989 until 1994. Burke hired the President of SDI, Michael A. Pedicone, as an outside lawyer for the Finance Committee. SDI was owned by 11th ward Alderman Patrick Huels, chairman of the Council's Transportation Committee, and Mayor Richard M. Daley's floor leader, and Huels' wife and brother. A federal grand jury subpoenaed Burke's and Huels' campaign finance records and ethics disclosures, and Pedicone's billings. The Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission of the Illinois Supreme Court, the state agency that regulates the conduct of attorneys in Illinois, investigated Burke and subpoenaed all records on SDI from the Illinois Department of Professional Regulation. In late December 1997, a grand jury convened by the Cook County State's Attorney's office subpoenaed records on expenditures to SDI from Burke's Finance and Huels' Transportation Committees, notable in that local prosecutors rarely investigate local politicians. In a memo to aldermen, Burke wrote, "He [Pedicone] was not a ghost payroller," and that Pedicone had been paid about $490,000 over eight years for handling more than 450 disability-claim cases. Huels' resignation was the first major public corruption scandal of Daley's first two terms, and editorials called for Burke's resignation as well.

At the sentencing hearing for a Chicago attorney, a federal agent testified that the attorney said that his job with Burke's Finance Committee only required four hours of work a week, although he was paid a full-time salary. On January 8, 1998, federal prosecutors in Operation Haunted Hall indicted another Chicago attorney for collecting $9,223 in wages and benefits from the Finance Committee in 1991 and 1992 despite doing little or no work.

Burke hired criminal defense attorney Anton Valukas, a former United States attorney and a partner in the law firm Jenner and Block, to represent him. Burke was not charged with any wrongdoing in the probe. By 1999, Operation Haunted Hall resulted in 34 guilty pleas, one conviction after trial, and one acquittal.

On December 4, 2008, Illinois State Representative Robert S. Molaro resigned after serving about 15 years in the state legislature, and was eligible to receive a public pension of about $64,000 per year based on the standard of 85% of his roughly $75,000 annual salary. Burke hired the newly retired Molaro for $12,000 for one month to write a 19-page white paper about Chicago's perennially under-funded pensions. When Molaro officially retired on January 1, 2009, his pensionable salary was annualized as $144,000, nearly doubling his pension. On August 16, 2012, Illinois Governor Pat Quinn signed a bill which limited the state's liability when former state legislators bolster their state pensions with short-term jobs with cities, counties and other local governments.

Law clients with city business
In 2007, although one of eight alderman who were attorneys, only Burke disclosed law clients who were local government contractors. Burke had 37 law clients that did business with the city or other local government agencies, according to his annual ethics statement filed with the city. Burke disclosed 2008 income above the reporting threshold of $5,000 from each of 31 law clients that do business with the city.

Burke has been criticized for alleged conflicts of interest involving law clients and his role as chairman of the Council's Finance Committee. Burke has helped line up millions of dollars in public subsidies to companies that later hired his firm for property tax assessment appeals. Burke law clients which regularly have legislative issues before the Finance Committee have included communications company Ameritech, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Yellow Cab Company, and several major airlines and concessionaires at the city-owned O'Hare and Midway airports.

For example, Cotter and Company, a wholesaler to 6,000 True Value hardware stores, sought a package of public subsidies to keep their headquarters and operations in Chicago. In February 1996, while the final components of the package were working their way through City Hall, Burke toured Cotter's headquarters, at the end of which he handed out his business card from his private law practice and asked for the company's property tax appeals business. Cotter decided to hire Burke in March 1996 and finalized the arrangement in June 1996. An unprecedented $2.8 million cash grant from the City to Cotter, never publicized by the Daley administration, was included in a $20 million bond issue approved by the Finance Committee and the city council by July 31, 1996.

Recusals and corrections in voting record
Burke recuses himself from voting on issues involving clients so often that he was called "Chicago's most conflicted alderman" by the Chicago Sun-Times. Burke abstains from at least a few votes at almost every Finance Committee meeting.

In March 1997, weeks after hiring defense attorney Valukus, and days after learning from the Chicago Sun-Times of their investigation into Burke's law firm and clients, Burke invoked a rarely used motion to amend the proceedings of the city council to change to abstentions four "yes" votes regarding airport facility leases for Midway and American airlines, two of Burke's seven airline clients. Burke blamed the recording of his "aye" votes on the late Alderman Thomas Cullerton, who chaired the City Council Committee on Aviation, which reviews airport leases. Cullerton had died in February 1993, three months before Burke cast one of the votes he changed. At the July 2, 1997, City Council meeting, Burke changed to abstention a June 4, 1997, vote in favor of a property-tax break for another client, Heinemann's Inc., a baked goods company in Burke's 14th ward. Between 1993 and 1997, Burke put through six journal corrections on his votes, some dating back seven years, and accounting for more than half the corrections from all aldermen during that period. In 2004, Burke changed the record of a vote in support of a zoning change favorable to another of his clients, Centrum Properties.

Burke's corrections of his voting history were criticized by other aldermen and Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley. Daley suggested Burke was involved in conflicts of interest that merited investigation by the Illinois Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission and the City Board of Ethics, and Daley advocated more stringent regulation regarding aldermanic conflicts of interest. Burke's conflicts of interest inspired a strengthening of the City's ethics laws in October 1998. The Council passed the ordinance, 40–9. Burke voted "no" in a voice vote, then switched to "yes" for the record.

Legislative initiatives
In October 1997, as Huels resigned in the SDI scandal, and amid calls for Burke's resignation, Burke sponsored a resolution exonerating Kate O'Leary and her cow Daisy of culpability for the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. The resolution cited research blaming the fire on an O'Leary neighbor, Daniel "Peg Leg" Sullivan. Burke argued in favor of passage of the resolution,

"In 1871, journalists, eager to sensationalize the events of the Great Fire, were quick to find in Mrs. Kate O'Leary an easy scapegoat for the calamitous inferno. As a working-class immigrant and a woman, Kate O'Leary was an easy target for those publications who always found it comfortable to vilify Irish Catholics who had not yet assimilated into the dominant American middle-class culture."

The resolution was unanimously recommended by the city council's Police and Fire Committee on October 6, 1997, and passed unanimously by the full city council on October 28, 1997. Other Burke legislative initiatives include protecting non-smokers from second-hand smoke, mandating pet-spaying, and regulating fatty restaurant food.

Jerry Springer hearing
In April 1999, Roman Catholic priest and activist Michael Pfleger, pastor of St. Sabina parish in Chicago's Auburn Gresham neighborhood, wrote a letter to Chicago Police Superintendent Terry Hilliard complaining of the glorification of violence on The Jerry Springer Show, a popular television show which was produced in Chicago. Burke showed about ten minutes of clips from the show at the April 28, 1999, meeting of the city council's Police and Fire Committee and convinced aldermen to invite, under threat of subpoena, show host Jerry Springer to testify under oath as to whether the violence on the show was genuine or scripted. If scripted, Burke proposed to force the show to obtain a city entertainment license, and, if genuine, Burke proposed that the off-duty Chicago policemen providing security at the show arrest fighting guests on the set.

The hearing attracted more than 21 television news crews from around the country, including Court TV, MSNBC, Fox News, a film crew from The Jerry Springer Show, dozens of print reporters, and about 75 of Springer's fans. Burke led the questioning of Springer. None of the aldermen asked Springer if the violence was staged until more than an hour into the three-hour hearing. Springer, a former Cincinnati council member and mayor, spent most of his time sparring with Burke, and handled the inquiry.

Security detail
Burke is the only Chicago alderman who has Chicago police officers assigned to him as bodyguards. In 1986, Mayor Washington's acting Chicago police commissioner Fred Rice tried to reduce the number of Burke's bodyguards from four to two, on the basis that the manpower was no longer necessary. Burke sued the city, arguing that the move was a political retaliation. The court sided with Burke. Rice removed nearly all the aldermanic bodyguards, but was blocked by court orders from taking away the Vrdolyak and Burke contingents. For nine months in 2005, the police details assigned to the city clerk, city treasurer and Burke did not file any police reports. Andy Shaw, president and chief executive of the watchdog group Better Government Association, asked,

"This is a city that doesn't have enough money for basic services right now and doesn't have enough money to protect regular citizens. The question has to be asked whether a full-time bodyguard detail to one alderman who hasn't been shown to be in any kind of danger for more than two decades is warranted."

An unmarked Chicago police car was assigned to Burke's city-funded security detail. He is one of several aldermen who lease sports utility vehicles at taxpayer expense.

Length of service
In November 2014, Burke surpassed John Coughlin as the longest-serving alderman in Chicago history. Coughlin, who had served from 1892 until his death in 1938, had held the record with 46 years.

Political prominence
According the Chicago Sun-Times in October 2023, Burke's political prominence did not come through mainly being a loyalist to the Chicago Mayor's office, but rather through the "army of allies" he placed in city jobs, and which served as his "personal intelligence network." It was noted that "Even mayors who despised Burke didn’t dare to depose him as chairman of the council’s Finance Committee, fearing the potential he had to stymie their legislative agendas."

Accusation by FBI
A criminal complaint was filed against Burke on January 2, 2019, for attempted extortion.

Conviction
On December 21, 2023, Burke was found guilty on 13 of 14 counts of racketeering, bribery, and extortion. Developer Charles Cui was also convicted, while Burke's aide Peter Andrews was acquitted. His sentencing is scheduled for June 19, 2024. Burke turned 80 on December 29, 2023.

The Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission sought an interim suspension of Burke's license to practice law. The Illinois Supreme Court denied this motion because it was unable to obtain a quorum since a majority of the seven justices recused themselves from the matter.

Sentencing
On June 24, 2024, Burke was sentenced to two years in federal prison and given a $2 million fine.

Attempts at other public office
In 1980, Burke sought the Democratic nomination for Cook County State's Attorney. Burke was aligned with Mayor Byrne and was endorsed by the Cook County Democratic Central Committee. Burke's loss in the primary to Richard M. Daley was interpreted at the time as a set-back for the Chicago political machine.

In 1988, following the sudden death in office of Mayor Harold Washington, Burke was one of several candidates who sought to fill the vacancy in the special election. "I know I would like to be Mayor. It is obviously the Super Bowl of Chicago politics," Burke said. After polls showed declining support for his candidacy, he dropped out of the race in December 1988 and endorsed Richard M. Daley, who won the nomination in the February 1989 Democratic primary.

Property tax attorney
Burke was the lead partner in a Chicago law firm, Klafter and Burke, that specializes in representing clients in property tax appeals before the Cook County Assessor's Office, the Cook County Board of Review, and in the courts. The firm was successful in several "significant legal challenges" to Illinois real estate law. Burke's law firm's senior partner, Melvin Klafter, died on June 5, 1988, at age 73. The number of tax appeals Burke's firm filed for clients with the Board of Tax Appeals increased from 212 in 1982 to 1,876 in 1995. In 2002, Burke helped pass a city ordinance barring the city from contesting property tax appeals seeking a reduction in property assessment of under $1 million, which was most of Burke's cases. Between 2003 and 2013, Burke's firm won more than $18.1 million in property-tax refunds in Chicago.

In a 2006 interview, Burke reflected,

"The law business is good. I have been fortunate to have the best of both worlds. I have enjoyed the political side of it and also enjoyed my private legal practice. Yes, there have been temptations, [but] if you try to conduct yourself under the rules, in the long run you are better off."

As of August 2019, Burke is no longer a partner with the law firm. According to the Illinois Secretary of State's office, he filed to withdraw himself as lead partner in April, a month before his federal indictment for bribery, racketeering, and extortion so he could increase more business for his former law firm. His daughter, Jennifer and two other attorneys took over his lead partnership.

Personal life
Burke's wife Anne has served as an Illinois Appellate Court Justice and was installed as an Illinois Supreme Court Justice on July 4, 2006. The Burkes reside in the southwestern Chicago neighborhood of Archer Heights, close to Curie Metropolitan High School and the Pulaski Station of the CTA Orange Line. Their adult children are Jennifer, Edward, and Sarah. Jennifer is an attorney who worked in the City of Chicago Law Department under Mayor Richard M. Daley's corporation counsel and now is on the Illinois Pollution Control Board. Edward M. Burke Jr. was an assistant chief deputy to Cook County Sheriff Tom Dart. He resigned while under investigation for misconduct and was separately charged with domestic battery in 2019. In 2004, Burke's son Emmett, aged 30, was killed in a snowmobiling accident.

Burke's brother Daniel J. Burke was previously a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from Illinois' 23rd District, which includes the 14th ward, as well as a lobbyist to Chicago City Hall. Crain's Chicago Business in 2006 named Edward, Daniel, and Anne one of "Illinois' most influential families" and in 2013 named Edward and Anne one of Chicago's "15 clout-heavy clans."

Noted for his impeccable conservative suits and attention to accessorizing,  Burke was named "Best Dressed Alderman" in a 1981 review of aldermen by the Chicago Tribune's City Hall reporters. Burke is also a licensed private detective in Illinois.

Baby T
In February 1996, the Burkes became foster parents to an African American child, known in public by his court name "Baby T", born to a woman suffering drug addiction. The child's mother, Tina Olison, an addict in recovery, sued to regain custody of her child several times in a protracted, racially charged court battle that drew extensive media attention. The suits ultimately reached the Illinois State Supreme Court, which ruled in favor of custody for the Burkes in 2001.

title: Edward M. Burke


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Carl Johnson

Carl or Karl Johnson may refer to:

Politicians

 * Carl L. Johnson (1898–1958), American businessman and politician
 * Carl M. Johnson (born 1933), American businessman, farmer and politician

Scientists

 * Carl J. Johnson (1929–1988), American public health physician who opposed nuclear testing
 * Karl Johnson (virologist) (born 1929), American researcher and academic
 * Carl H. Johnson, American biologist and academic, active since 1970s
 * Karl G. Johnson, American neuroscientist and academic, active since 1990s

Sportsmen

 * Karl Johnson (wrestler) (1883–1952), Swedish Olympic competitor
 * Carl Johnson (soccer) (1892–1970), American midfielder and Olympian
 * Carl Johnson (athlete) (1898–1932), American track-and-field Olympic medalist
 * Carl Johnson (American football) (born 1949), offensive lineman with New Orleans Saints
 * Karl Johnson, American college football player during 1980s (List of NCAA football records)
 * Karl Johnson (rugby league), New Zealand Maori centre or second-row since 2000s

Others

 * Carl C. Johnson (1926–2023), African American aviator, one of Tuskegee Airmen in 1946
 * Karl Johnson (actor) (born 1948), Welsh stage, film and TV performer

Characters

 * Carl Johnson (Grand Theft Auto), video game protagonist of 2004's Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas

title: Carl Johnson


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Paul Brand (physician)

Paul Wilson Brand, (17 July 1914 – 8 July 2003) was a pioneer in developing tendon transfer techniques for use in the hands of those with leprosy. He was the first physician to appreciate that leprosy is not a disease of the tissue but of the nerves: it is the loss of the sensation of pain which makes sufferers susceptible to injury and leads to tissue rotting away, especially in the extremities. Brand contributed extensively to the fields of hand surgery and hand therapy through his publications and lectures, and wrote popular autobiographical books about his childhood, his parents' missionary work, and his philosophy about the valuable properties of pain. One of his best-known books, co-written with Christian writer Philip Yancey, is Pain: The Gift Nobody Wants (1993), republished in 1997 as The Gift of Pain.

Early and personal life
He was born to missionary parents (Jesse and Evelyn "Granny" Brand) and grew up in the Kolli Hills of Tamil Nadu, India, until he was sent to the United Kingdom in 1923 for education. In his books he gives vivid descriptions of his time as a boy in India with regular bouts of dysentery and malaria in the area known as "Kolli Malai". His father died in 1929 of blackwater fever, when Brand was 15. Brand trained carpentry and then studied medicine at University College Hospital during the Second World War, later gaining his surgical qualifications whilst working as a casualty surgeon in the London Blitz. In 1944 he was appointed as a surgical officer at Great Ormond Street Hospital. He met his wife, Margaret, in medical school where she was a surgeon, specialising in ophthalmology.

He died on 8 July 2003 at Swedish Hospital in Seattle, Washington.

Career
In 1946, he was invited to join the staff of the Christian Medical College & Hospital in Vellore, India. After a visit to the Leprosy Sanatorium at Chingleput, a government institution that was at the time under church management, Brand was motivated to explore the reasons for the deformities developed in those with Hansen's disease. After careful observation and research, he came to understand that most injuries in Hansen's disease patients were a result of the pain insensitivity they experienced, and not directly caused by the Hansen's disease bacilli. He pioneered the use of dapsone as treatment for the disease. He also pioneered reconstructive surgery which transplanted tendons. In 1950, with a donation from a missionary woman, Brand established the New Life Center, Vellore, as a model rehabilitation center for Hansen's disease patients. The center was a village environment in the residential area of the Christian Medical College & Hospital campus. This helped dispel the stigma that was so prevalent even among medical professionals.

In 1964 the Brands returned to London where he worked with the Leprosy Mission; two years later they moved to the USA on invitation to take up the position of Chief of Rehabilitation Branch at the National Hansen's Disease Center at Carville, Louisiana. He worked there for 20 years and established a well-equipped and well-staffed research unit to study the complications of insensitive hands and feet, their prevention and management. His methods for prevention and management of plantar ulcers are now extensively used for treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus who have similar problems. Brand also popularised the technique of serial casting for the finger deformities (flexion contractures) that often result from Hansen's disease, a technique that is now widely used by hand therapists to treat contractures from many different hand injuries and conditions. When he retired in 1986 from the US Public Health Service, he moved to Seattle and continued his teaching work as emeritus professor of Orthopedics in the University of Washington.

During his career, Brand received many awards and honors. He was awarded the Hunterian professorship of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1952, and the Lasker Award in 1960. Queen Elizabeth honored him with a title of the Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1961. He served as President of The Leprosy Mission International based in London and was on the Panel of Experts on leprosy of the World Health Organization. He was one of the main architects of the All-Africa Leprosy Rehabilitation and Training Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and the Schieffelin Leprosy Research and Training Center at Karigiri, India, in the Vellore district. He was an honorary member of the American Society of Hand Therapists, in recognition of his many contributions to the field. In 1966, he accepted a post as chief of rehabilitation at the public hospital in Carville, Louisiana, the only leprosy hospital in the United States. He worked there until his retirement in 1986. From 1993 to 1999, he was the President of The Leprosy Mission International, then moving to Seattle to become the Clinical Professor of Orthopoedics, Emeritus, at the University of Washington.

A biography was written on him, Ten Fingers for God by Dorothy Clarke Wilson.

His appreciation of the importance and value of pain is well described in his 1993 book with Philip Yancey, Pain: The Gift Nobody Wants. He saw pain as vital for the preservation of healthy tissue in anyone leading a normal life and he gives horrifying descriptions of the results of insensitivity in those with Hansen's disease or congenital absence of pain. He goes on to question the pursuit of pleasure in Western society and offers practical ways to ameliorate the effects of pain. The book contains a foreword by Surgeon General C. Everett Koop.

Family
Brand was married to Margaret and they had six children.

title: Paul Brand (physician)


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Schwarzenbach, Lower Austria

Schwarzenbach is a town in the Wiener Neustadt-Land district, Lower Austria, Austria. 48.22 percent of the municipality is forested. The area is divided into two districts: Schwarzenbach and Schwarzenbach (Zerstreut), the latter comprising the scattered settlements around the main village. There are 33 non-agricultural companies. 463 persons are employed. The activity rate in 2001 was 41.34%.

History
An old Celtic settlement dating back to the 1st and the 2nd centuries has been excavated since 1992. The findings there show that the community was of great social and political importance.

title: Schwarzenbach, Lower Austria


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User talk:Beroccaking

Please see the Talk page for "Roronoa Zolo". I disagree with moving it to "Roronoa Zoro". Remember that we are the ENGLISH encyclopedia, and we should generally follow the English-language versions. WhisperToMe 23:23, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Beroccaking


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Category:Lakes of Singapore

This category is for articles pertaining to lakes in Singapore. For reservoirs see Category:Reservoirs in Singapore.

title: Category:Lakes of Singapore


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After Eight

After Eight Mint Chocolate Thins, often referred to as simply After Eights, are a brand of mint chocolate covered sugar confectionery. They were created by Rowntree Company Limited in the UK in 1962 and have been manufactured by Nestlé since its acquisition of Rowntree in 1988.

The mints were originally manufactured at Rowntree's York factory, before production transferred to Castleford, West Yorkshire, in 1970. For the UK market they are now manufactured in Halifax following Nestlé's closure of the Castleford factory in 2012, with over one billion After Eights produced every year.

After Eights were originally made from dairy-free dark chocolate. In 2002, however, Nestlé started adding butterfat to After Eights made at certain production facilities so as to increase resistance to chocolate bloom. This practice expanded to all production facilities in 2009. Nestlé has also made special editions of After Eights, including orange After Eights and milk chocolate After Eights.

Manufacturing
The fondant in the centre of After Eights is made from a stiff paste of common sugar, water, and a small amount of the enzyme invertase. This fondant can readily be coated with dark chocolate. After manufacture, the enzyme gradually splits the common sugar into the much more soluble sugars glucose and fructose, resulting in a more liquid consistency. Once manufactured, each completed chocolate is packaged in a sheath and then loaded into a box.

Religious certification
After Eights are certified kosher dairy by the Orthodox Union.

Current products
The After Eight family of products includes:
 * Thin Mints – The original After Eight product, these comprise square dark or (less commonly) milk chocolate, enclosing the mint fondant. There are also Limited Edition Thin Mints with added flavours such as orange, lemon, strawberry, cherry, blackcurrant, gin & tonic and others.
 * Marzipan – Sold in Germany by Nestlé Deutschland AG.
 * Mint & Blood Orange – This variation on the thin mints was a special edition for Summer 2011. The flavour was reintroduced as Orange Mint in Autumn 2022.
 * Delights – Round sweets of dark chocolate with a mint fondant filling.
 * Straws – Long, thin sticks of soft dark chocolate with a mint fondant filling.
 * Bars – Dark chocolate bar with a creamy mint centre.
 * Biscuits – The newest addition to the After Eight family, these combine dark chocolate with mint in a biscuit.
 * Chocolate Santa Claus – During the Christmas season, Nestlé Germany features a 125g Santa Claus made out of white or dark mint chocolate.
 * Easter bunny – During Easter time Nestlé releases an After Eight Dark Chocolate Easter Bunny. It does not have a mint filling but is made from peppermint flavoured chocolate and comes in the well known After Eight green wrapping.
 * Bitesize – Plain chocolate with mint fondant filling, similar in appearance to original Munchies. Originally known as Mintola, then renamed Mint Munchies in 1995, before being brought under the After Eight brand in 2006.
 * Mousse – A chilled dessert consisting of mint mousse with layers of dark chocolate.
 * Dessert – A chilled smooth mint and chocolate flavoured dessert.
 * Ice cream dessert - A frozen mint and chocolate flavoured ice-cream dessert in a slicing block, similar to Viennetta.
 * Strawberry and Mint – This variation on the thin mints was a special edition for Spring/Summer 2020.
 * Gin and Tonic – Limited edition Thin Mints with a light flavour akin to that of the classic cocktail.

Discontinued products

 * Chocolate Truffle Pancakes
 * Dark Chocolate Fairy Cakes
 * Ice Cream Van
 * Lemon Sorbet

Other related products

 * A silver plated 'After Eight Mint' Royal Coach (mints not supplied) novelty table holder was available from Argos in the UK in the 1980s.
 * Pfefferminz – A variety of Ritter Sport which has similar taste to the original After Eight, in the shape of a Ritter Sport.
 * After Eight (cocktail) – A layered shooter consisting of Crème de cacao, Crème de menthe and Baileys Irish Cream.
 * Royal Mints – A product manufactured by Halloren very similar to After Eight.
 * Mint Nights – A product manufactured for Poundland very similar to After Eight.
 * After Dinner Mints – an Australian product which was similar to After Eights. The manufacturer, Red Tulip, was bought out in the 1980s by Cadbury.

title: After Eight