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Cheering

Cheering involves the uttering or making of sounds and may be used to encourage, excite to action, indicate approval or welcome.

The word cheer originally meant face, countenance, or expression, and came through Old French into Middle English in the 13th century from Low Latin cara, head; this is generally referred to the Greek καρα;. Cara is used by the 6th-century poet Flavius Cresconius Corippus, Postquam venere verendam Caesilris ante caram (In Laud em Justini Minoris). Cheer was at first qualified with epithets, both of joy and gladness and of sorrow; compare She thanked Dyomede for ale ... his gode chere (Chaucer, Troylus) with If they sing ... tis with so dull a cheere (Shakespeare, Sonnets, xcvii.). An early transference in meaning was to hospitality or entertainment, and hence to food and drink, good cheer. The sense of a shout of encouragement or applause is a late use. Defoe (Captain Singleton) speaks of it as a sailor's word, and the meaning does not appear in Johnson's Dictionary.

Of the different words or rather sounds that are used in cheering, "hurrah", though now generally looked on as the typical British form of cheer, is found in various forms in German, Scandinavian, Russian (ura), French (hourra). It is probably onomatopoeic in origin. The English hurrah was preceded by huzza, stated to be a sailors word, and generally connected with heeze, to hoist, probably being one of the cries that sailors use when hauling or hoisting. The German hoch, seen in full in Hoch lebe der Kaiser, &c., the French vive, Italian and Spanish viva, evviva, are cries rather of acclamation than encouragement. The Japanese shout banzai became familiar during the Russo-Japanese War. In reports of parliamentary and other debates the insertion of cheers at any point in a speech indicates that approval was shown by members of the House by emphatic utterances of hear hear. Cheering may be tumultuous, or it may be conducted rhythmically by prearrangement, as in the case of the Hip-hip-hip by way of introduction to a simultaneous hurrah. The saying "hip hip hurrah" dates to the early 1800s. Nevertheless, some sources speculate possible roots going back to the crusaders, then meaning "Jerusalem is lost to the infidel, and we are on our way to paradise". The abbreviation HEP would then stand for Hierosolyma est perdita, "Jerusalem is lost" in Latin.

Chants in North American sports
Rhythmical cheering has been developed to its greatest extent in America in the college yells, which may be regarded as a development of the primitive war-cry; this custom has no real analogue at English schools and universities, but the New Zealand rugby team in 1907 familiarized English crowds at their matches with the haka, a similar sort of war-cry adopted from the Māoris. In American schools and colleges there is usually one cheer for the institution as a whole and others for the different classes.

The oldest and simplest are those of the New England colleges. The original yells of Harvard and Yale are identical in form, being composed of rah (abbreviation of hurrah) nine times repeated, shouted in unison with the name of the university at the end. The Yale cheer is given faster than that of Harvard. Many institutions have several different yells, a favorite variation being the name of the college shouted nine times in a slow and prolonged manner. The best known of these variants is the Yale cheer, partly taken from The Frogs of Aristophanes, which runs thus:

 * Brekekekex, ko-ax, ko-ax, Brekekekex, ko-ax, ko-ax, O-op, O-op, parabalou, Yale, Yale, Yale, Rah, rah, rah, rah, rah, rah, rah, rah, rah, Yale! Yale! Yale!

The first-known cheer from the sidelines was Princeton University's "rocket call", which was heard during the first-ever intercollegiate football game, between Princeton and Rutgers University in 1869.

By the 1890s, Princeton's original "rocket" had been modified into its distinctive "locomotive" cheer:
 * Hip, hip!
 * Rah, rah, rah!
 * Tiger, tiger, tiger!
 * Siss, siss, siss!
 * Boom, boom, boom! Ah!
 * Princeton! Princeton! Princeton!

It is called the "Locomotive" cheer because it sounds like a train engine that starts slowly then picks up speed. Princeton University also established the first pep club. All-male "yell leaders" supported the Princeton football team with cheers from the sidelines. (cited:: Valliant, Doris, pg 15)

The railroad cheer is like the foregoing, but begun very slowly and broadly, and gradually accelerated to the end, which is enunciated as fast as possible. Many cheers are formed like that of the University of Toronto:

 * Varsity, varsity,
 * V-a-r-s-i-t-y (spelled)
 * VARSIT-Y (spelled staccato)
 * Var-si-ty,
 * Rah, rah, rah!

Additionally, a non-traditional cheer has been demonstrated by The New School. In the style of American actress and singer-songwriter Christina Milian, modeled after one of her more popular singles, "Dip It Low", the students' chant dips low and is picked up slow, towards the end.

 * Take him by the hair
 * Let him know what's on
 * If you understand me
 * Y'all come on
 * Yeah, yeah, yeah

Another variety of yell is illustrated by that of the School of Practical Science (since 1906, the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering) of University of Toronto:

 * Who are we? Can't you guess?
 * We are from the S.P.S.!

The cheer of the United States Naval Academy is an imitation of a nautical siren.

The Royal Military College of Canada cheer is:

 * Call: Gimme a beer!
 * Response: Beer! Esses! Emma! T-D-V! Who can stop old RMC! Shrapnel, Cordite, NCT! R-M-C Hooah!

The Amherst cheer is:

 * Amherst! Amherst! Amherst! Rah! Rah!
 * Amherst! Rah! Rah!
 * Rah! Rah! Rah! Rah! Rah! Rah! Amherst!

The Bryn Mawr cheer (in a form of Greek) can only be started by seniors:

 * Anassa kata, kalo kale
 *  Ia ia ia Nike
 * Bryn Mawr, Bryn Mawr, Bryn Mawr!

(I.e. ‘Ἄνασσα κατά, καλῶ καλή. Ἰαὶ ἰαὶ ἰαί, Νίκη’, "Queen, descend, I invoke you, fair one. Hail, hail, hail, Victory.)

Besides the cheers of individual institutions there are some common to all, generally used to compliment some successful athlete or popular professor. One of the oldest examples of these personal cheers is:

 * Who was George Washington? First in war, First in peace, First in the hearts of his countrymen.

...followed by a stamping on the floor in the same rhythm.

College yells, more informally known as cheers and chants, are used particularly at athletic contests. In any large college there are several leaders, chosen by the students, who stand in front and call for the different songs and cheers, directing with their arms in the fashion of an orchestral conductor. This cheering and singing form one of the distinctive features of inter-collegiate and scholastic athletic contests in America.

Organised chants in North American sports are rarer then in their European counterparts, but some teams have their special routines. Common chants include "Let's go – [team name] -, let's go (clap-clap clap-clap-clap); or in case of a single syllable nickname, "Go – [team name] – Go". Spectators also use derivatives of these to chant the names of particular athletes. A notable example of this is the Derek Jeter chant, where fans chant the name of the then New York Yankees shortstop and employ a similar clapping rhythm. In some contexts, spectator chanting may also be used derisively to chide athletes or contestants.

Most teams have a scoring song played on the PA system, and some professional American football teams sing a fight song after scores. The use of fight songs after a score is universal in college football. Since scoring in basketball is more frequent, and does not generally cause breaks in the game action, scoring songs are not employed in that sport. However, in college basketball, fight songs are universally played during prolonged breaks in game action (timeouts, halftime, and overtime breaks if any). Baseball fans traditionally sing "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" in the middle of the 7th inning. After 9/11, many professional teams chose to use "God Bless America" during that break, either supplementing or replacing "Take Me Out to the Ball Game". A very loud cheer at sporting events is usually called "Do Yay".

In High School Basketball games, if the score was a blow-out and approaching the end of regulation, fans of the winning team would chant "This Game's Over" or "This One's Over." If the losing team makes a play, and that team's fans chant for that, fans of the winning team will start chanting "Scoreboard", indicating that even after the one play, the other team is losing.

Sis boom bah
The term sis boom bah is a term popular in U.S. high school and college cheers. It was used by Johnny Carson's character Carnac the Magnificent:

 * (Carnac holds the sealed envelope up to his turban)
 * CARNAC: Sis boom bah.
 * ED McMAHON: Sis boom bah.
 * (Carnac rips the envelope open and removes the card)
 * CARNAC (reading): Describe the sound made when a sheep explodes.

It has also been used by Bugs Bunny in the iconic cartoon, "Super-Rabbit"

 * Bugs: Bricka bracka firecracka sis boom bah! Bugs Bunny! Bugs Bunny! RAH RAH RAH!
 * Bugs, Smith and his horse: Bricka bracka firecracka sis boom bah! Bugs Bunny! Bugs Bunny! RAH RAH RAH!
 * Smith and his horse: Bricka bracka firecracka sis boom bah! Bugs Bunny! Bugs Bunny! RAH RAH RAH! (×2)

Pogo had a recurring character named Miss Sis Boombah, an athletic Rhode Island Red.

Rugby union
Chants are less extensive in rugby union but the Oggy Oggy Oggy chant first became popular on the terraces at Welsh rugby union matches, Australians later modified the tune and created their own chant (Aussie Aussie Aussie! Oi Oi Oi!). England supporters sing "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot", a song long popular in rugby union clubs since the words lend themselves readily to a sequence of lewd hand gestures, which the Australians have been singing as well in the last decade. The Welsh sing "Cwm Rhondda", which is the tune of the hymn "Guide Me O Thou Great Redeemer", as well as the chorus of Max Boyce's "Hymns and Arias". The Fields of Athenry is often sung at matches by supporters of the Irish rugby union team. The New Zealand team (the All Blacks) are known for engaging in a ritual Māori haka before international matches. The Fiji team performs the cibi; the Samoa team the siva tau; and the Tonga team the sipa tau. The Pacific Islanders rugby union team, a joint Fiji/Samoa/Tonga representative team that played for the first time in 2004, uses a specially composed chant combining elements of each nation's traditional chant.

The Australian Rugby Union has made a concerted effort to promote the singing of Waltzing Matilda since 1999, frequently featuring singer John Williamson at home matches to lead the crowd. As singing is not a part of Australian sporting culture, this "tradition" may well fade without active support from administration.

Cricket
Chants are also used in Cricket, the Barmy Army has a collection of songs and chants such as 'You all live in a convict colony' sung to the tune of 'Yellow Submarine'. It is done to remind Australian cricket fans of their supposed criminal past. The hymn Jerusalem became the song of choice for the England cricket team during the 2005 Ashes series, and Michael Vaughan encouraged the whole country to sing the song before the last Test match at The Oval.

Around the world
Equivalents of English "Hurray" found around the world include, "Hourra!" in France, ¡Viva! in Spanish, "Yatta!" in Japan, and so on.

title: Cheering


text:
Lenox Square

Lenox Square is a shopping mall in the Buckhead district of Atlanta, Georgia. With 198 tenants and 1558678 sqft of gross leasable area, it is the third-largest mall in Georgia. The mall is currently owned and managed by Simon Property Group, and is considered a sister mall to the adjacent, Simon-owned Phipps Plaza. The mall features Macy's, Bloomingdale's, and Neiman Marcus.

History
Lenox Square was the work of Ed Noble, a former developer from Kansas City, Missouri, whose company J. Noble Properties, acquired the site in 1956. Groundbreaking for the shopping center occurred in July 1957, and it was completed on June 29, 1958. The public opening ceremony for Lenox Square was held on August 3, 1959.

The three-level mall -Mall, Plaza and Market featured 800000 sqft of retail space. It was anchored by Rich's, Davison's, and a Colonial Stores supermarket. There were 52 original tenants, including a bowling alley, indoor golf driving range, and a Kresge five and dime store. The Mall Level concourse featured several statues depicting Uncle Remus characters, such as Br'er Fox, Br'er Frog and the Tar Baby. A movie theater opened on the Market Level in June 1963.

Within its first few years Lenox Square would be a part of several major events in the city. It is the starting point in the annual Peachtree Road Race, one of the largest 10 kilometer races in the world. Davison's, owned by Macy's since 1924, was rebranded as Macy's in 1986. In 2000, the celebration of the Rich's Great Tree moved to the flagship store from Underground Atlanta, after having been held downtown for decades.

In 1991, Rich's relocated their flagship store to Lenox Square from downtown Atlanta. In 2003, Federated Department Stores began integrating the Macy's name with their other regional department store brands, including Rich's. Following the news, the Lenox Macy's location closed and the building (along with the location at Perimeter Mall) was renovated extensively to house the first Bloomingdale's in the South, which opened in October 2003. In 2005, Federated Department Stores dropped the regional names of all of their department stores. The former Rich's-Macy's location at Lenox Square became the flagship of Macy's Central until all of the company's divisions had consolidated into one.

Lenox Square is the third largest shopping mall in the state, as well as one of the largest in the Southeast. Only the Mall of Georgia and Perimeter Mall have a larger gross leasable area.

Visited by more than 35 million people a year, Lenox Square is one of the most popular and profitable retail centers in the United States. Together with Phipps Plaza, an estimated $1 billion was generated in 2007. An estimated 40% of all visitors to the shopping center in 2009 were tourists.

By 2023, since the government lockdown, Lenox Square had announced several newest additions, among them are Psycho Bunny, Savage X Fenty, Cotton On, Moncler, Sandro, The Webster, Ferrari, in addition to an entirely new store format for Apple.

About Lenox
Lenox Square opened to the public on August 3, 1959, operating as an open-air shopping center much like a typical lifestyle center. Its original anchors were two of the most famous and acclaimed department stores in the area, Rich's and Davison's, and grocery chain Colonial Stores. The mall opened with 60 stores. Over the next few decades competition from new suburban shopping malls spurred four expansions. The most recent renovation included enlarging the Neiman Marcus store by 52000 sqft and the addition of 36000 sqft of new retail space. It also has the largest Pottery Barn in their chain as well as one of the largest Forever 21 stores in the Southeastern United States.

Renovations
Lenox Square has undergone four major renovations and expansions, significantly spurred by competition from new suburban retail such as Perimeter Mall and Cumberland Mall. In keeping with a then current retail trend, a major renovation and expansion in the early 1970s enclosed the entire shopping center. It included a new wing and the addition of the first Neiman Marcus location outside of Texas and Florida. It is still to this day the company's only location in the state.

A second expansion completed in 1980 added a three-level section at the back of the mall which included a food court. This replaced the previous open-air Plaza Court and supermarket. Lenox Square then encompassed 1.04 million leasable square feet. The new food court was soon joined by a 19-story, 370,000 sqft (gross), class-A office building, a twin-like 24-story hotel, 1,800 space, five-level partially submerged combined hotel-office parking garage (two below ground), and 800-space four-level retail pre-cast concrete parking deck. These were adjacent to the MARTA's Lenox transit station, which opened in December 1984.

In 1995, the mall underwent its largest expansion, adding a second story above the original Mall Level. The expansion made Lenox Square the largest shopping center in Georgia, with 1.457 million square feet (140,000 m²) divided among 200 stores and restaurants. This distinction was relinquished to the newly built, 1.7 e6sqft Mall of Georgia in 1999.

A significant 2007 expansion enlarged the existing Neiman Marcus by 52000 sqft and added a 36000 sqft an upper level to the wing connecting the store to the main mallway. The shopping center then housed 1.545 million leasable square feet and 240 stores and services.

In Fall 2013 another renovation took place in the mall with additions of both exterior and interior with new lightning, landscaping, windowing, and many more. The renovations were completed as of 2014.

Incidents
Seven shootings occurred at Lenox Square in 2020.

A robbery occurred outside of the mall in 2021 after it was closed.

After a string of shootings and robberies, the mall now has security measures in place and requires people under the age of 18 to have adult supervision after 3 pm.

Around Lenox
Lenox Square is connected via parkway to the 27-story JW Marriott Buckhead hotel, classified as a 4-Diamond hotel by the AAA. Many other luxury hotels are within walking distance from Lenox. These include W Hotel, The Whitley, and properties belonging to the Grand Hyatt, InterContinental, Waldorf Astoria, and Westin chains.

The area around Lenox has grown immensely in the past few decades following its opening, with expanding retail developments and over 75 restaurants within a mile radius, which has made the area a highly desirable location to live and work. A two-story Target store sits across from Lenox at Lenox Marketplace, connected inside via escalators and elevators designed for shopping carts as well as shoppers, and having checkouts on both levels at the exits to a parking deck. Other stores at Lenox Marketplace include Dick's Sporting Goods and Publix. The Sembler Company was the developer. In addition, Phipps Plaza is located to the northeast of Lenox Square across Peachtree Road. Traffic levels around Lenox are high and the streets are confusing for those unfamiliar with the area. Georgia 400 opened in 1993, restricting traffic to and from the west after it cut many existing roads. However, the BUC (Buckhead Uptown Connection), the free shuttle bus service around Buckhead, is available, supported voluntarily by a self-taxing district (Buckhead CID) which includes Lenox, and by GRTA and other agencies. The Peachtree Streetcar initiative would also extend free or low-fare streetcars to Lenox in the north, through midtown and downtown, to a proposed mixed-use redevelopment around historic Fort McPherson, 14 mi south. MARTA, the city's main mass transit system, provides one station across the street from the J W Marriott, as well as the Buckhead station a quarter mile Northwest on Peachtree Road.

Several companies, such as AT&T Mobility, have their headquarters near the shopping center.

Shops around Lenox
The area surrounding Lenox Square contains a 125,000 square foot open air retail center, The Shops Around Lenox. Anchored by a Crate & Barrel, it includes 16 retail stores, smaller specialty stores, restaurants, and workout studios. The center was built in 1979, underwent a major redevelopment during the recession and was sold by the developers in 2014 for $71.8 million. A full list is detailed below.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lenox Square


text:
Talk:Zurab Zhvania

Assassination
Yes, I know Wikipedia's policy about 'no original research'. But I can talk about this case and point you young guys with lots of time in the right direction. Find some people in Tbilisi to get sources for the FBI investigation of Zhvania's death. Or contact the FBI and see if they can give the report. Those are legit evidence.

I was in Tbilisi at the time of Zurab Zhvania's death. I remember that the FBI looked into the case and that articles discussed the fact that his blood did not have carbon monoxide attached to the hemoglobin. Also, the FBI found an injection site inside his upper lip. The suspect toxin was classified - won't be in the report. I know what it was but it is best if that not be made common knowledge to prevent wider use. The same toxin was probably used on Patarkatsishvili in London. (I shed no tears over that one. Patarkatsishvili ordered the secretary of a colleague in Tbilisi murdered and left the body across the street in a park because the man wouldn't take payoffs. My hat is off to the team that took that monster off the planet. Good work guys.) The report that the body had been moved was also echoed by the FBI IIRC. Their basis for saying so was that since there was CO in the air of the apartment but Zhvania had no CO in his blood, he had to have died elsewhere.

FYI - people who die of CO poisoning have an overly healthy ruddy color. The reason is that CO-heme is bright red, not the blue of CO2. It is a dead give-away to any experienced crime scene examiner. Zhvania had normal lividity. The lack of CO was confirmed by lab test.

I don't have a lot of time to find the articles about Zhvania's killing, but they are around in foreign media. He did not die accidentally. Go dig. 69.229.123.193 (talk) 19:45, 7 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Are you sure you want this here? It looks like there was heavy, probably too much, American presence at the time in Tblisi; e.g. FBI presence at the time of Zhvania's death. This smells, because the FBI could not have known beforehand - but why did they have a team there? I came upon this as now the Georgian authorities would like to 'invite' Saakashvili for questioning over this death (and other matters), but he left his US exile only to be a contractor for the Poroshenko government in Kiev. 58.174.224.91 (talk) 03:53, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

Meaningless Quotes
I think the quotes in the "Aftermath" paragraph are pretty meaningless and should be removed, they are just standard statements which are spoken by politicians after the death of a well-known person. 193.171.121.30 18:05, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. They will be gone with time I'm sure. —Cantus… ☎   23:24, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

Killed or Died
Zhvania was killed, apparently due to an inadequately ventilated gas heater, early in the morning of February 3, 2005. He was in the home of Raul Usupov, deputy governor of Georgia's Kvemo Kartli region, at the time. Usupov was also killed.

Doesnt the word "killed" tend to imply an action by another person or living thing? Contrast the statement "Mr xxx died today as a result of diseases linked to inadequate personal hygenine" with "Mr xxx was killed today during an premeditated attack by a pack of hungry poodles".

So I think "Zhvania died apparently due..." and "Usupov also died."

 * I agree the word killed is a bit ambiguous. —Cantus… ☎   03:33, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)

Languages
The intro says he spoke Russian, English and German. Didn't he speak Georgian too? – Kpalion (talk) 13:23, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Sort of goes without saying I would have thought, but I've put it in for you nonetheless. — Trilobite (Talk) 06:46, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Armenian?
List of Armenians says he is Armenian. Is it true?--Nixer 14:03, 14 October 2006 (UTC)
 * No. Zhvania is a clearly Mengrelian surname

 * his father was georgian, his mother was armenian. Tamokk 10:10, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

... and the last paragraph says that he was a Jew! very confusing indeed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.14.147.13 (talk) 09:51, 28 August 2011 (UTC)
 * In that part of the world people mix (elsewhere, too). Remember they were all one country, part of the Soviet Union, just like you marrying someone from across State borders. Jews were often quite secular and mixed, and many people had many ethnicities. 58.174.224.91 (talk) 03:42, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Zurab Zhvania


text:
User:Poelzi

Nothing here yet :)

title: User:Poelzi


text: User talk:134.117.177.214

title: User talk:134.117.177.214


text:
Talk:Cheering

Merger from Football chant?
opinions? Tedernst 23:07, 4 November 2005 (UTC) kjgklglkmj suker you have to ba a fat loser to be a cheerleadre s requires deleting anything in the North America section that does not relate to American football. Otherwise, the two article start to step all over themselves. So, my vote is keep separate but EDIT. Kgwo1972 22:20, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
 * NO, DO NOT MERGE FOOTBALL CHANTS WITH CHEERING. please (Vote by User:66.203.167.169)
 * Leave them separate. (Vote by User:Jpkeates)
 * Merge. Reasoning: The original Football chants dealt with British soccer chants.  It has been broadened to include other football codes, and non-football sports chants, such that the name is no longer correct.  By all means have a British football chants subarticle: there's enough material and it is a distinct subtype; but the balance should be integrated with Cheering; there is already a good deal of overlap. Joestynes 18:18, 7 November 2005 (UTC)
 * if they were merged the Cheering article would contain a huge amount on football chants, and some confusing unencyclopaedic information on American universities (which is what the cheering article consists of now. i vote split, though this article might need to be renamed to reflect expansion into other sports. Jdcooper 14:31, 19 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I know that i'm just an anon and not really allowed to vote, but i'd say don't merge as what would happen is that football chant would be a section of Cheering equal to about 60% of the total article. then someone would try and split the pages. plus, the two subjects are very different
 * Don't Merge The football chant is a unique sporting phenomenon, with much (often political) history. It would be better to link this page from Cheering, with a See the main article: Football chant link. - N (talk) 17:00, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Most people are saying "keep them separate" when in fact they are currently not separate; maybe you should be saying "make them separate". The problem with football (word) is it means different games in different places.  If we have football chant for all the chants in all forms of football, it seems a bit arbitrary to exclude baseball, cricket, etc.  On the other hand, there is certainly enough variety of forms and cultures to justify multiple articles.  My motivation for suggesting a merger was that the existing barrier has broken down: effectively Cheering is an out-of-date dead article, with "Football chant" covering, not just what its title says, but also much of what should be at "Cheering".  The non-existent current division should be formally eliminated, prior to some more logical (and enforceable) subdivision of various types of sports cheers/chants being decided upon. Joestynes 17:11, 15 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually what you will find is that in most of the free world, football refers to one game and one game only. The beautiful game. Sadly our former colony likes to think differently. But wtf do they know? They have been about for five minutes and, having turned up late for the last two World Wars, contrive to make up by inviting in Dubya to try and be really punctual for the next one... Sjc 20:23, 19 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I do agree on that point, and I would be in favour of moving the sections not related to football (soccer) into the cheering article (or even into some new article). These sections (Chants in North American sports, Rugby union and Other sports) clearly don't belong in this article, which should only contain information relating to football (soccer). I do think it's important to keep this article though, because chanting in the context of football culture is unique, and well worth expanding beyond what we have already. I wouldn't oppose renaming it to something less ambiguous like Football (soccer) chanting though. - N (talk) 21:47, 19 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to be clear, I was agreeing with Joestynes, about the current ambiguity and the need to seperate certain information, rather than the comments by Sjc. While I have sympathy for the sentiment expressed, it probably isn't that relevant or helpful to this discussion to start mentioning wars and things. Also, the suggestion of moving to British football chants is, I feel, not the right way to go. This page is linked from Football culture as an extension of that page, and limiting this to British chants would mean that we would have no page talking about the concept (and history) of chanting at football in general. It would also limit the scope to add information about other countries in the future (a topic that is actually more interesting IMO, given the thin line between politics and football in some countries). Saying that, practically all of the football (soccer) information is related to British teams atm, so a worldwide view is perhaps needed. - N (talk) 18:15, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Under no circumstance merge. Sjc 20:19, 19 December 2005 (UTC) PS Most football chanting is the direct antithesis of cheering.
 * Do not merge - football chants is a topic unique to association football and has the capicity to contain a breadth of information much greater and more specific than can be illustrated within the broader topic of "cheering". Therefore, do not merge.  [[Image:Anglo-indian.jpg|20px]] Deano 15:55, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

Merge of other sports
As this has been dragging on a while now, would anyone have any objections if I just moved the sections not related to football (soccer) into Cheering? - N (talk) 03:26, 7 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Seeing as nobody objected, I have performed the merge. - N (talk) 18:55, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

errr, there is a fair amount of bias in this article someone should probably sort out... "look like a bunch of drunken fools"? I'm sure thats POV... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.136.124.28 (talk) 09:35, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

Russian troops cheering Ura!
I think this is a ugly example. Can sb put another one? 147.84.199.21 (talk) 11:51, 8 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cheering


text: User talk:69.105.125.45

title: User talk:69.105.125.45


text: User talk:64.247.205.145

title: User talk:64.247.205.145


text: User talk:128.230.71.250

title: User talk:128.230.71.250


text:
Talk:Hubert de Givenchy

Untitled
I am writing a paper on Givenchy and i would like to know if there is any perticular website that i can go to to find an outstanding amount of information about him. If you can be any help please send me an email specifiing what sight that it is on or just sending it to me email. Thank you. Student ;) Sweetpea_20012007@yahoo.com —Preceding unsigned comment added by 167.128.166.50 (talk • contribs) 3 February 2005

 * I don't know about a good site, but if you find a good amount about his family or his great achievements I would really appreciate it. Thanks. spoiledblondebaby@yahoo.com —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.221.169.250 (talk • contribs) 21 March 2005
 *  It is always lovely to see that there are still students so lazy that they can't even be bothered to use their own damn search engines, much less the public library (which, contrary to public belief, was not automatically burned down upon the invention of the Internet).
 * Seriously, this page is for discussion of the present article on Mr. de Givenchy, so it would be far more appropriate to provide whatever sources one already has found and discuss whatever questions are preventing one from simply being bold and adding the appropriate "outstanding amount of information" oneself. Alternatively, I sometimes raise the questions that I would like to see addressed in the article, then explain why I don't do it myself, if applicable, so as to encourage development of articles when I'm not in a position to develop them myself. This isn't a custom-made-homework service, but rather, an encyclopedia. Lawikitejana 19:42, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Hubert de Givenchy in 1952.gif
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BetacommandBot (talk) 22:49, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Ghey?
? --Supertrats (talk) 02:51, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Which?. --  Jack of Oz    ... speak! ...   09:34, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Hubert de Givenchy


text:
Examples of vector spaces

This page lists some examples of vector spaces. See vector space for the definitions of terms used on this page. See also: dimension, basis.

Notation. Let F denote an arbitrary field such as the real numbers R or the complex numbers C.

Trivial or zero vector space
The simplest example of a vector space is the trivial one: {0}, which contains only the zero vector (see the third axiom in the Vector space article). Both vector addition and scalar multiplication are trivial. A basis for this vector space is the empty set, so that {0} is the 0-dimensional vector space over F. Every vector space over F contains a subspace isomorphic to this one.

The zero vector space is conceptually different from the null space of a linear operator L, which is the kernel of L. (Incidentally, the null space of L is a zero space if and only if L is injective.)

Field
The next simplest example is the field F itself. Vector addition is just field addition, and scalar multiplication is just field multiplication. This property can be used to prove that a field is a vector space. Any non-zero element of F serves as a basis so F is a 1-dimensional vector space over itself.

The field is a rather special vector space; in fact it is the simplest example of a commutative algebra over F. Also, F has just two subspaces: {0} and F itself.

Coordinate space

A basic example of a vector space is the following. For any positive integer n, the set of all n-tuples of elements of F forms an n-dimensional vector space over F sometimes called coordinate space and denoted Fn. An element of Fn is written
 * $$x = (x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n) $$

where each xi is an element of F. The operations on Fn are defined by
 * $$x + y = (x_1 + y_1, x_2 + y_2, \ldots, x_n + y_n) $$
 * $$\alpha x = (\alpha x_1, \alpha x_2, \ldots, \alpha x_n) $$
 * $$0 = (0, 0, \ldots, 0) $$
 * $$-x = (-x_1, -x_2, \ldots, -x_n) $$

Commonly, F is the field of real numbers, in which case we obtain real coordinate space Rn. The field of complex numbers gives complex coordinate space Cn. The a + bi form of a complex number shows that C itself is a two-dimensional real vector space with coordinates (a,b). Similarly, the quaternions and the octonions are respectively four- and eight-dimensional real vector spaces, and Cn is a 2n-dimensional real vector space.

The vector space Fn has a standard basis:
 * $$e_1 = (1, 0, \ldots, 0) $$
 * $$e_2 = (0, 1, \ldots, 0) $$
 * $$\vdots $$
 * $$e_n = (0, 0, \ldots, 1) $$

where 1 denotes the multiplicative identity in F.

Infinite coordinate space
Let F∞ denote the space of infinite sequences of elements from F such that only finitely many elements are nonzero. That is, if we write an element of F∞ as
 * $$x = (x_1, x_2, x_3, \ldots) $$

then only a finite number of the xi are nonzero (i.e., the coordinates become all zero after a certain point). Addition and scalar multiplication are given as in finite coordinate space. The dimensionality of F∞ is countably infinite. A standard basis consists of the vectors ei which contain a 1 in the i-th slot and zeros elsewhere. This vector space is the coproduct (or direct sum) of countably many copies of the vector space F.

Note the role of the finiteness condition here. One could consider arbitrary sequences of elements in F, which also constitute a vector space with the same operations, often denoted by FN - see below. FN is the product of countably many copies of F.

By Zorn's lemma, FN has a basis (there is no obvious basis). There are uncountably infinite elements in the basis. Since the dimensions are different, FN is not isomorphic to F∞. It is worth noting that FN is (isomorphic to) the dual space of F∞, because a linear map T from F∞ to F is determined uniquely by its values T(ei) on the basis elements of F∞, and these values can be arbitrary. Thus one sees that a vector space need not be isomorphic to its double dual if it is infinite dimensional, in contrast to the finite dimensional case.

Product of vector spaces
Starting from n vector spaces, or a countably infinite collection of them, each with the same field, we can define the product space like above.

Matrices
Let Fm×n denote the set of m×n matrices with entries in F. Then Fm×n is a vector space over F. Vector addition is just matrix addition and scalar multiplication is defined in the obvious way (by multiplying each entry by the same scalar). The zero vector is just the zero matrix. The dimension of Fm×n is mn. One possible choice of basis is the matrices with a single entry equal to 1 and all other entries 0.

When m = n the matrix is square and matrix multiplication of two such matrices produces a third. This vector space of dimension n2 forms an algebra over a field.

One variable
The set of polynomials with coefficients in F is a vector space over F, denoted F[x]. Vector addition and scalar multiplication are defined in the obvious manner. If the degree of the polynomials is unrestricted then the dimension of F[x] is countably infinite. If instead one restricts to polynomials with degree less than or equal to n, then we have a vector space with dimension n + 1.

One possible basis for F[x] is a monomial basis: the coordinates of a polynomial with respect to this basis are its coefficients, and the map sending a polynomial to the sequence of its coefficients is a linear isomorphism from F[x] to the infinite coordinate space F∞.

The vector space of polynomials with real coefficients and degree less than or equal to n is often denoted by Pn.

Several variables
The set of polynomials in several variables with coefficients in F is vector space over F denoted F[x1, x2, ..., xr]. Here r is the number of variables.

Function spaces

 * See main article at Function space, especially the functional analysis section.

Let X be a non-empty arbitrary set and V an arbitrary vector space over F. The space of all functions from X to V is a vector space over F under pointwise addition and multiplication. That is, let f : X → V and g : X → V denote two functions, and let α in F. We define
 * $$(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x) $$
 * $$(\alpha f)(x) = \alpha f(x) $$

where the operations on the right hand side are those in V. The zero vector is given by the constant function sending everything to the zero vector in V. The space of all functions from X to V is commonly denoted VX.

If X is finite and V is finite-dimensional then VX has dimension |X|(dim V), otherwise the space is infinite-dimensional (uncountably so if X is infinite).

Many of the vector spaces that arise in mathematics are subspaces of some function space. We give some further examples.

Generalized coordinate space
Let X be an arbitrary set. Consider the space of all functions from X to F which vanish on all but a finite number of points in X. This space is a vector subspace of FX, the space of all possible functions from X to F. To see this, note that the union of two finite sets is finite, so that the sum of two functions in this space will still vanish outside a finite set.

The space described above is commonly denoted (FX)0 and is called generalized coordinate space for the following reason. If X is the set of numbers between 1 and n then this space is easily seen to be equivalent to the coordinate space Fn. Likewise, if X is the set of natural numbers, N, then this space is just F∞.

A canonical basis for (FX)0 is the set of functions {δx | x ∈ X} defined by
 * $$\delta_x(y) = \begin{cases}1 \quad x = y \\ 0 \quad x \neq y\end{cases}$$

The dimension of (FX)0 is therefore equal to the cardinality of X. In this manner we can construct a vector space of any dimension over any field. Furthermore, every vector space is isomorphic to one of this form. Any choice of basis determines an isomorphism by sending the basis onto the canonical one for (FX)0.

Generalized coordinate space may also be understood as the direct sum of |X| copies of F (i.e. one for each point in X):
 * $$(\mathbf F^X)_0 = \bigoplus_{x\in X}\mathbf F.$$

The finiteness condition is built into the definition of the direct sum. Contrast this with the direct product of |X| copies of F which would give the full function space FX.

Linear maps
An important example arising in the context of linear algebra itself is the vector space of linear maps. Let L(V,W) denote the set of all linear maps from V to W (both of which are vector spaces over F). Then L(V,W) is a subspace of WV since it is closed under addition and scalar multiplication.

Note that L(Fn,Fm) can be identified with the space of matrices Fm×n in a natural way. In fact, by choosing appropriate bases for finite-dimensional spaces V and W, L(V,W) can also be identified with Fm×n. This identification normally depends on the choice of basis.

Continuous functions
If X is some topological space, such as the unit interval [0,1], we can consider the space of all continuous functions from X to R. This is a vector subspace of RX since the sum of any two continuous functions is continuous and scalar multiplication is continuous.

Differential equations
The subset of the space of all functions from R to R consisting of (sufficiently differentiable) functions that satisfy a certain differential equation is a subspace of RR if the equation is linear. This is because differentiation is a linear operation, i.e., (a f + b g)′ = a f′ + b g′, where ′ is the differentiation operator.

Field extensions
Suppose K is a subfield of F (cf. field extension). Then F can be regarded as a vector space over K by restricting scalar multiplication to elements in K (vector addition is defined as normal). The dimension of this vector space, if it exists, is called the degree of the extension. For example, the complex numbers C form a two-dimensional vector space over the real numbers R. Likewise, the real numbers R form a vector space over the rational numbers Q which has (uncountably) infinite dimension, if a Hamel basis exists.

If V is a vector space over F it may also be regarded as vector space over K. The dimensions are related by the formula
 * dimKV = (dimFV)(dimKF)

For example, Cn, regarded as a vector space over the reals, has dimension 2n.

Finite vector spaces
Apart from the trivial case of a zero-dimensional space over any field, a vector space over a field F has a finite number of elements if and only if F is a finite field and the vector space has a finite dimension. Thus we have Fq, the unique finite field (up to isomorphism) with q elements. Here q must be a power of a prime (q = pm with p prime). Then any n-dimensional vector space V over Fq will have qn elements. Note that the number of elements in V is also the power of a prime (because a power of a prime power is again a prime power). The primary example of such a space is the coordinate space (Fq)n.

These vector spaces are of critical importance in the representation theory of finite groups, number theory, and cryptography.

title: Examples of vector spaces


text:
Talk:The Stars My Destination

Original Title
Where does the idea that "Tiger! Tiger!" was the original title come from? Right next to this text is the front cover of Galaxy magazine (where the novel was first published) indicating the title as "The Stars My Destination". Johnny "ThunderPeel2001" Walker (talk) 20:34, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

Its first publishing in book form was in the UK under the title '''Tiger! Tiger! and in serialised form in Galaxy Science Fiction as The Stars My Destination''', both in 1956. While the magazine was published in October, it is not clear from The Internet Speculative Fiction Database (http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1117) what the exact date of the book form was. PeterDebney —Preceding unsigned comment added by PeterDebney (talk • contribs) 12:43, 18 October 2010 (UTC)

It sounds like the notion that 'Tiger! Tiger!' was the 'original title' is original research at best (more likely plain speculation). Further, the parameters for infoboxes at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_book say 'title_orig Original title, if not in English'. So it's not really appropriate here. The subject of the title is addressed fully in the text. I've therefore removed the 'Original Title' from the infobox (there isn't provision for an 'alternative title' entry).182.240.9.215 (talk) 06:18, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

FWIW: As noted by PeterDebney, US serialization using the name "The Stars My Destination" was October 1956, and the exact date in 1956 of British publication as "Tiger! Tiger!" may not be known. But what *is* known is Bester was living in England in 1956, and that the British 1st edition was reviewed in the August 1956 issue of "New Worlds Science Fiction" (issue #50,  http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?1257717 ) -- which would lend some strength to the argument that "Tiger! Tiger!" should be considered (in the intro para even if not in the infobox) the Original title. (Although obviously it would be nice if someone could track down a copy of "New Worlds Science Fiction #50" and check it for any particulars about the street date of the book) -- hossman (talk) 04:53, 19 December 2015 (UTC)

I've located a copy of Astounding November 1957 (Vol 60, No 3: http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?57630) which contains a review of (the 1957 paper back "US first" edition of) "The Stars My Destination" which begins with this opening paragraph... "Why this second science-fiction novel by the author of the memorable 'Demolished Man' isn't being published in hard covers here in the United States, I have no idea. The English edition was out as 'Tiger, Tiger'' last year, even before the serial started in Galaxy." (emphasis mine) That seems to lead strong support to editing the intro para of this wiki page to begin with something like... "The Stars My Destination is a science fiction novel by Alfred Bester. Originally published in England under the name 'Tiger, Tiger' it was subsequently serialized in Galaxy magazine in four parts beginning with the October 1956 issue under the name 'The Stars My Destination', which is how it is still widely known in many parts of the world. ..." -- hossman (talk) 05:07, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

ISFDB (http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?235529) now shows the UK publication date of Tiger! Tiger! to be June 14th 1956, sourced from the trade publication Whitaker's Cumulative Book List, 1956 and 1953-57 editions. This clearly pre-dates the serialization in Galaxy, and I have edited the intro paragraph along the lines suggested by Hossman above.

Ftld (talk) 15:26, 1 September 2019 (UTC)

24th vs 25th century
There seems to be some dispute as to when the story is set, with a recent (anon) editor changing 25th century to 24th century using the comment "correction. book clearly states 24th"

I've checked both the October 1956 printing of Galaxy, as well as a 1996 Random House edition and in both cases the last line of the Prologue states...

"It is against this seething background of the twenty-fifth century that the vengeful history of Gully Foyle begins."

...perhaps the anon editor was confused by 24xx years mentioned in the book? or some "historic" references to the prior century?

Either way a revert seems in order.

hossman (talk) 17:12, 3 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I am that anon. I have the June 1956 Sidgwick & Jackson edition, reprinted by Panther in October 1962. The last sentence of the prologue reads:

 * "It is against this seething background of the twenty-fourth century that the vengeful history of Gulliver Foyle begins."

 * So no, I'm not confused, but there are evidently at least two versions of the book. Perhaps the article needs to be adjusted to reflect this.92.24.248.144 (talk) 07:53, 6 May 2017 (UTC)

 * The recent edit seems like one reasonable way to acknowledge this apparent discrepancy between different editions. It sounds like an editor (of a printed edition) may have been confused by the 24xx dates constituting the 25th century.  Of course, Wikipedia has an article on "Century" which discusses this and other distinctions. 8^) At most, an explanatory footnote could be added to the article. Reify-tech (talk) 13:23, 6 May 2017 (UTC)

Article edits
I removed the following paragraph because: A. it shows a highly dubious grasp of ethics B. the author has substituted his own culture for "today's society" All this talk of "themes" and "setting" makes the last section look suspiciously like someone's book report...

"The setting in the book is a time that is very different from the world we live in today. Sometime in the near future Earth and its outer systems abolish organized religion. This has a huge effect on mankind. It seems to abolish humans' technique of ethical questioning. With the jaunteing experiments, they take on human suicide testers. 80% die in the testing phase. This is something that would never be allowed to happen in today's society because people will question whether it is ethical or not. This is because many ethical questions are based on one's religion. They also have what's called "the freak factory" which is experiments led by a Doctor Baker who creates mermaids and other mythical creatures with willing human beings. In today's society this would have serious ethical questioning."

 * you should leave your name along with your comment.. :) Sunburst 2005 July 7 14:05 (UTC)

 * hate to burst your bubble, but recent research shows that the sense of morality and one's religious beliefs or non-beliefs have very little in common. faced with a moral dillema, such as for instance: "you see a kid drowning. jumping into the water to save it would require that you destroy your suit, which you just purchased recently. what do you do?", almost all of the interwievees respond in a similar fashion, regardless of whether they are religious or not. personaly, i find it distasteful that some people with religious beliefs try to hog morality. 213.172.246.24 15:48, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * You should read more clearly what you're replying to :)

Added reference to Jasper Fforde's Thursday Next series under "Trivia". --Wildfire1961 22:55, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Importance
How come importance rating is set to low? Google "stars my destination cyberpunk" for alternative views. --23:29, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Importance seconded
I agree, importance should be higher. Most of the reading public dismiss SF as "genre fiction." And much of it certainly is crap. But much "serious literature" is crap as well. Maybe the fact that the story has been optioned by Hollywood will wake up literary "sheeple" at least to the existence of this book.

Where is the Graphic Novel?
Let's see a mention of it please? - Sparky (talk) 07:57, 26 September 2009 (UTC)

Excised cultural references
I have removed the following section from the article as trivia:

Skomorokh  02:54, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

 * It may be worth mentioning here that a character in the popular 1970s UK sitcom "George and Mildred" is called Jeffrey Fourmile, which may be inspired by Gully Foyle's "Geoffrey Fourmyle" alias. 2A00:23C8:8F9F:4801:5409:396D:8B5B:EFA (talk) 14:43, 24 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Without a reference, it wouldn't be included. At the moment all you have is a similar sounding name without evidence that it was deliberately chosen in homage. MarcGarver (talk) 08:44, 25 September 2023 (UTC)

Synaesthesia
The graphic descrition of Synaesthesia in the novel is actually not at all accurate - it is not a complete cross-over of sensory modalities as described. Rather, modalities combine in a subtle way, e.g. "coloured hearing" where letters have different colours. The condition is not temporary or induced by physical trauma such as the one experienced by Gully Foyle; nor do synaesthetes regard the condition as an affliction - most regard it as positive, many are even unaware that it is not the norm. Arthur Rimbaud, Charles Baudelaire, Vladimir Nabokov and his son Dmitri are all said to have had the condition. user:chris_london_1955 6 June 2010 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chris London 1955 (talk • contribs) 22:18, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

Jaunting
I am new to wikipedia as a contributor anyway, so am feeling my way with your protocols and procedures, so if I make gauche mistakes or tread on anyone's toes please bear with me.

I think it has been established that Bester coined the term "Jaunting" to describe teleportation? after all it was named after an individual called Jaunt. I have for many years made the connection with the British childrens TV series of the 1970's "The Tomorrow People" where the term Jaunting was also used to describe teleporting, as far as I can see no one has mentioned this in either wiki article, is it not reasonable to reference this and if so how should it be cited? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.139.100.110 (talk) 15:03, 26 October 2010 (UTC)
 * First of all, thanks for beginning a talk page discussion, rather than simply reinserting the information. Bester did coin the term, yes, so if it was used in another medium, it was probably done in reference to Bester's novel.  What you need is an independent, third-party source that talks about the tv show and makes the connection between their use of the term and Bester's novel, indicating that their use was done knowingly.  See WP:CITE for more information on how to properly cite a source. ---  RepublicanJacobite  The'FortyFive'  15:23, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

I must take issue with an assertion put forth in the Background and influences section. The following assertion, "Bester's unique addition to this mix is the concept that human beings could learn to teleport, or "jaunte" from point to point, provided they know the exact locations of their departure and arrival and have physically seen the destination." is untrue. The exact same concept was introduced eleven years before Bester's story was first published, by A. E. van Vogt with his character Gilbert Gosseyn in The World of Null-A, which was originally published as a 1945 serial in the magazine Astounding Science Fiction. It was published in novel form in 1948. So this "concept" was neither unique nor attributable to Bester. This does not take away from Bester's talent, but one must give credit where credit is due, or not, as the case may be. I will edit the cited passage accordingly. Gil gosseyn (talk) 07:42, 11 September 2015 (UTC)

Hoy Fort
I've removed this claim from the article, as all online references to it seem to be derivative of this article: "Charles Fort Jaunte, the discoverer of jaunting, is named after Charles Hoy Fort, the American journalist and author who coined the word teleportation." Skomorokh  04:03, 14 May 2011 (UTC)

"One Weird Idea"
I find this a curious sentence: "To this it added the standard "one weird idea" of science fiction..." Does anyone have some kind of citation that a "one weird idea" is somehow standard to science fiction? Because, IMHO, it's totally not, but I don't want to edit without seeing if someone else has an opinion on it. Esprix (talk) 06:38, 13 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Agreed, without a citation, the statement is OR/POV. I've rewritten that statement to avoid the problem, and done some other cleanup/rearrangements as well. Beyond My Ken (talk) 07:08, 13 December 2010 (UTC)

"standard "one weird idea" of science fiction..." - I absolutely agree. A good SF story has exactly one "weird" idea. Would be good to find a reference to a SF writer/editor. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 104.220.164.198 (talk) 06:41, 25 November 2018 (UTC)

Plot edits
I have made a number of edits, mostly for punctuation or clarity, but also in the Plot section for accuracy. I made a mistake in the process and undid my edits to restore the one by Omeganian at 17:55, 24 July 2011, so that is the one to compare this one (01:12, 15 August 2011) to. Non-exhaustive list:

 * "They grill Foyle about Nomad but he refuses to talk, and to that end Foyle is thrown into the Gouffre Martel, a complex of underground caves in the Pyrenees. These are used as a prison, where the inmates live in total darkness, unable to form a picture of their location in order to jaunte."
 * "to that end" means "for that purpose". I don't remember if Foyle was thrown in to make him talk or just to get him out of circulation. If the former, the sentence should be restructured.
 * I specified the character of Olivia's altered sense of sight.
 * "The Scientific People recognize that he is now a holy man, and take up vigil to await his Revelation."
 * This sentence takes it as a given that Foyle is now a holy man. Changed to "The Scientific People now see him as a holy man, and take up vigil to await his revelation."

Also, in Background and influences, I amplified the requirements for a successful jaunte, which are critical to the description of Gouffre Martel.

--Thnidu (talk) 01:28, 15 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Good grief! I didn't recognize this or remember writing it at all, so my signature came as a surprise to me. --Thnidu (talk) 16:35, 16 September 2019 (UTC)

Foyle's tattoo visible in infrared
One point left out: IIRC, Foyle looses [sic] his rigid self-control in Olivia's presence because he thinks that, being blind, she can't see his tattoo. But her infrared vision reveals it to her. I don't remember how this figures in the plot. --Thnidu (talk) 01:29, 15 August 2011 (UTC)

D&D reference doesnt' really sound like a reference
"The Dungeons and Dragons tabletop game has a spell called Ethereal Jaunt. The spell, however, functions differently; instead of teleportation, it makes the user incorporeal and invisible." Is this actually a reference to the book? The word "jaunt" as a kind of voyage or trip dates back to the 1600's (reference http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=jaunt). Rmd1023 (talk) 01:28, 13 October 2011 (UTC)

Copyright status
I excised the link to the full text of the book, as it does not appear to be in the public domain. 128.189.169.233 (talk) 07:39, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

Dagenham
(Saul) Dagenham is referred to twice before any explanation of who he is. I would clean it up if I could find my copy of the novel to do it right. --Thnidu (talk) 03:16, 23 December 2012 (UTC)

Presteign, Presteign
In Plot, I'm changing
 * He blackmails her into helping him, but his attack on the Vorga fails and he is captured by security forces working for Presteign, the aristocratic head of the huge Presteign corporation (owner of the Vorga).

to
 * He blackmails her into helping him, but his attack on the Vorga fails and he is captured by security forces working for Presteign, the aristocratic head of the huge corporation that owns the Vorga.

We don't need to add that the corporation is named after him. After all, he makes a great haughty point that he is not "Mr. Presteign" but "Presteign of Presteign", the head of his influential House, and the article doesn't mention that at all, nor does it need to.

I wouldn't even bother explaining this in such detail, except that in (quite reasonably) deleting an   I had embedded in the text, Beyond My Ken also undid this edit that I had made at the same time.

Thnidu (talk) 03:32, 23 December 2012 (UTC)
 * He is also just "Presteign" not "The Presteign". Should be changed.--TeakHoken213.150.232.3 (talk) 14:56, 16 May 2018 (UTC)

 * Done. --Thnidu (talk) 16:37, 16 September 2019 (UTC)

Unknown to him, the Nomad, was carrying "PyrE"
“Unknown to him, the Nomad, was carrying "PyrE"” Unknown to Foyle? Unknown to Presteign? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.28.219.189 (talk) 20:31, 6 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Fixed. --Thnidu (talk) 04:07, 3 October 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
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Needs more prominent mention in the Wikipedia Cyberpunk article
The Stars My Destination is briefly mentioned in passing in one of the sections of the Wikipedia article on Cyberpunk. The excellent quotes from Gibson, Moorcock, Gaiman etc on the TSMD page clearly show its importance to Cyberpunk. I have opened a new section on the Cyberpunk Talk page pointing this out and suggesting that TSMD be given more prominence. I'm not very good at wiki editing, so if some kind soul from this page feels like heading over to assist with editing the Cyberpunk page, please be my guest.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Cyberpunk#Move_.27The_Stars_My_Destination.27_.281956.29_to_History_and_Origins_of_Cyberpunk.2C_and_make_it_more_prominent.3F

RedTomato (talk) 23:27, 3 November 2017 (UTC)

Names
Y'ang-Yeovil: The first part of this surname is pseudo-Chinese. Bester was undoubtedly thinking of names such as Ch'iu, Ts'ao, P'eng, T'ien, and K'ung, as  romanized in the now-obsolescent Wade–Giles system (without tone markings). But Wade–Giles does not use the apostrophe after any consonants but these and tz, so Y'ang is an impossible name.

Presteign is addressed and referred to not as "Mr. Presteign" or "the Presteign" but simply as "Presteign":

 * in direct address
 * "Mr. Presteign," he began. "I'm from the Internal Revenue Department, I must see you this morn–" Presteign cut him short with an icy stare. "There are thousands of Presteigns," he pronounced. "All are addressed as Mister. But I am Presteign of Presteign, head of house and sept, first of the family, chieftain of the clan. I am addressed as Presteign. Not 'Mister' Presteign." (p. 385)

 * in third-person reference:
 * Presteign of Presteign arose, dressed with the aid of his valet and barber…
 * Presteign still maintained an antique telephone switchboard with an operator…
 * Eighty seconds after Presteign's call was put through… (all: p.383, Presteign's first appearance)

--Thnidu (talk) 21:53, 16 September 2019 (UTC)

Names within names, anagrams, and connotations
Why does the reader know that Presteign is at the very tip-top level of society, just from seeing his name? At least, that's how I felt on reading this novel way back in the sixties, but the answer didn't hit me till recently. Drop the "n" and move the "e" two places to the right: Presteig n Presteig Prestige

Similarly, though we're told that Dagenham had planted the name "Fourmyle of Ceres" in Foyle's brain, you need only delete the "urm" and you get... Fo urm yle Fo  yle Foyle

--Thnidu (talk) 03:54, 3 October 2019 (UTC)

Different editions, summary at Ansible
Dave Langford has written of the differences in many of the printed editions at https://ansible.uk/writing/bester.html, which may help resolve some of the other questions raised in this Talk page. It mentions other editorial changes too - "kill you filthy" was bowdlerized as "kill you deadly". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.14.38.24 (talk) 13:54, 26 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Stars My Destination


text:
Cairo Anti-war Conference

The Cairo Conference against U.S. hegemony and war on Iraq and in solidarity with Palestine (later: Popular Campaign for the Support of Resistance in Palestine and Iraq and Against Globalization), generally known simply as Cairo Anti-war Conference, is an anti-war and anti-neo-liberalism conference held regularly since 2002 in Cairo, Egypt. The Cairo Conference set up the International Campaign Against Aggression on Iraq which helped to coordinate the worldwide demonstrations on 15 February 2003. In 2009, the Conference was banned by the government of former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.

First Conference – 2002
The first conference was held on 17–19 December 2002, at the Conrad Hotel on the banks of the Nile. Four hundred attended. Speakers included former United Nations (UN) humanitarian coordinator for Iraq Dr Hans von Sponeck. Former Algerian president Ahmed Ben Bella chaired the conference. One outcome of the conference was the production of the 'Cairo Declaration', which took a stance against the then-looming Iraq War; it also noted the negative effects of capitalist globalisation and U.S. hegemony on the peoples of the world (including European and American citizens). In addition, it noted that "In the absence of democracy, and with widespread corruption and oppression constituting significant obstacles along the path of the Arab peoples' movement towards economic, social, and intellectual progress, adverse consequences are further aggravated within the framework of the existing world order of neoliberal globalisation", while firmly rejecting the 'advance of democracy' justification for attacking Iraq.

The British Stop the War Coalition, in particular John Rees of the SWP, initiated the signing of the declaration by European leftists, including politicians Jeremy Corbyn, George Galloway and Tony Benn, Susan George (scholar/activist based in France), Bob Crow, Mick Rix (general secretary, UK train drivers' Aslef union), Julie Christie, George Monbiot, Harold Pinter, Ghayasuddin Siddiqui (Muslim Parliament), Tommy Sheridan (Scottish socialist), Dr Ghada Karmi (research fellow, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter), Tariq Ali.

The conference was followed by a 1,000-strong anti-war demonstration that was surrounded by riot police and armoured cars.

The organising committee decided to attempt solidarity actions with the US demonstrations on 18 January and to organise Egyptian demonstrations as part of 15 February global anti-war day.

Second Conference – 2003
Held 13 and 14 December 2003, at the Egyptian Journalists' Union headquarters. This had 800 attendees. George Galloway, Tony Benn, Salma Yaqoob, and former US attorney-general Ramsey Clark were among the international speakers. Prominent Egyptian campaigners taking part included Nasserist MP Hamdeen Sabahy, Galal Aref, head of the Egyptian Journalists' Union, and Ma'mun al-Hodeiby, leader of the outlawed Muslim Brotherhood. Egyptian novelist Sonallah Ibrahim and human rights activist Aida Seif-al-Dawla were among the conference organisers.

The presence of Muslim Brotherhood leader Ma'mun al-Hodeiby brought a large number of Islamist activists into the conference. The Muslim Brotherhood, although officially banned, is by far Egypt's largest opposition organisation. However, some delegates were critical of the Muslim Brotherhood's cooperation with the government in a series of stage-managed anti-war rallies held before the invasion of Iraq.

German journalist Harold Schuman who attended the conference expressed frustration that most speeches did not analyse the role of Arab governments but rather took the easy way out by placing all the blame on the US. He also expressed his feelings that the conference should defend the people of Iraq but not the regime. Representatives of the Iraqi government were attending the conference, though also the Iraqi opposition had a presence in the form of Abdel-Amir Al-Rikabi who described himself as a member of "the honest opposition" in contrast with those who met at a US-sponsored event in London.

Third Conference – 2005
24–27 March 2005. Political groups, independent activists, and organisations in Egypt were invited to take part in the conference and also to propose their own activities to take place at the same time as the conference.

Before the conference Yehia Fikri, who represents the Center for Socialist Studies on the organising committee, called for International delegations to come to the conference in order to protect it from state repression. He has said "The more people who come from abroad, the more prominent personalities who sign up for the conference, the more difficult it will be for the Egyptian authorities to shut us down."

Egyptian organisations supported the third conference
I. Political Groups and parties

20th of March Movement for Change, Egyptian Communist Party, Dignity Party, Muslim Brotherhood, Organization of Revolutionary Socialists, Socialist People's Party, Wasat Party.

II. Unions and Syndicates

Arab Medical Union, Syndicate of Pharmacists of Egypt

III. Popular committees

Committee for coordination between professional syndicates, Committee of boycott in professional syndicates, Committee of boycott of Zionist Project, Coordination committee for trade union and workers liberties and rights, General Egyptian committee of boycott, Popular committee in solidarity with the Palestinian Intifada-Alexandria.

IV. Research centers and civil society organizations

A’afak Ishterakeyya Center (Center of Socialist Horizons); Egyptian Center for media, culture and development; Hisham Mubarak Law Center; Sa’ed Center; Socialist Studies Center

Fourth Conference – 2006
The fourth conference, under the rubric "International Campaign against US and Zionist Occupation", was held 23–26 March 2006, on a platform expressed through the slogans "With the Resistance in Palestine and Iraq" and "Against Globalization, Imperialism and Zionism".

The conference discussed means of supporting the resistance in Palestine and Iraq, challenged U.S. and Israeli plans to expand their aggression against the region to Syria and/or Iran as well as their plans to liquidate Palestinian and Lebanese resistance organisations, dealt with the issue of supporting the struggle of the peoples of the Arab world for democracy against regimes of the region who collude with aggressors, and called for expanding and developing social struggles against globalisation policies in the Arab region.

The Final Declaration of the conference addressed all of these issues. The declaration expressed support for the Hamas government of the Palestinian National Authority against the U.S., Europe and Arab regimes, and opposition to "a peace process that has achieved nothing for the Palestinian people during the last two decades", while rejecting both recognition of Israel and any concessions to it on "the main national demands".

The declaration also stated the ambition to break what it termed "the siege" on the resistance in Iraq, called on neighbouring countries to support "the legitimate Iraqi resistance", and took the position that the Iraqi resistance is "the sole representative of the Iraqi People". In regard to escalating American pressure on Iran and Syria, the conference agreed on an international day of solidarity with Iran and Syria on 6 May 2006, an ambition that was reiterated regarding Iran in a separate call for "international coordinated action" that was attached to the declaration.

The declaration also called for "a new Arab movement for change", including "all possible forms of coordination between different democracy movements" and the formation of support committees to protect judges, journalists, lecturers and students against repression.

Fifth Conference – 2007
The fifth Cairo Conference was held between March 29 and April 1, 2007. Its declaration is here. According to the Al-Ahram, the conference was organised by Alkarama (Dignity), Al-Ishtirakyin Al-Sawryin (Socialist Revolutionary Party), Al-Ikhwan Al-Muslimin (Muslim Brotherhood) and Al-'Amal (Labour), and was held at the Egyptian Press Syndicate, with close to 600 participants and observers from around the world, including a delegation of 80 South Koreans and 20 Canadians. The Muslim Brotherhood reported there were activists present from Palestine (including Hamas members), Iraq, Lebanon, Venezuela, Turkey, Greece, Nigeria, Britain, Tunisia, Sudan, France and Iran. Speakers included Ali Fayed of Hizbullah, Sadala Mazraani of the Lebanese Communist Party, James Clark of the Canadian Peace Alliance, Feroze Mithiborwala of the Muslim Intellectual Forum of India, John Rees of the Socialist Workers Party (UK) and Rose Gentle (the mother of Gordon Gentle, a British soldier killed while serving in Iraq, and a leading figure in Military Families Against the War).

Sixth Conference – 2008
The sixth Cairo antiwar conference was held March 27–30, 2008.

Seventh Conference – 2009
"The seventh Cairo anti-war conference was cancelled after being denied access to a venue".

The Egyptian government and the Cairo conference
Although the Egyptian government was formally against the Iraq War, relations between it and the conference are strained by the fact that Hosni Mubarak's regime received funding from the United States and that the regime feared popular movements which may have grown to challenge its dictatorship.

Criticism
Among the criticisms of the first Conference was that it was building solidarity not with ordinary Iraqis, but rather with the Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein. This perception was fueled by the reported presence of a number of Iraqi officials at the conference. According to Al-Ahram Weekly, German journalist and author Harald Schuman attracted the ire of Nabil Negm, the chief political adviser to the Iraqi president, after comments he made insisting that claims that all the problems of the Arab world could be laid at the door of the US were only half-true and that the conference was not meant to "defend the Iraqi regime and Saddam Hussein in any shape or form". "I am here," he said, "to defend the Iraqi people."

Further information

 * Article on state repression of Egyptian anti-war movement
 * Article on the relationship between anti-war movement and movement for democracy in the Middle East

First Conference

 * Article on 1st conference, Socialist Worker
 * Report on first conference by Al-Ahram
 * Stan Crooke, "The Politics of the Cairo Declaration," New Politics, Vol. IX, No. 3 (New Series), Summer 2003, pp. 120–126.

Second Conference

 * Article on the 2nd conference, Socialist Worker
 * Report on second conference by Al-Ahram

Third Conference

 * Article on the call for a 3rd conference, Socialist Worker
 * Video of Report of Conference at Manchester Peace Rally
 * Swindon delegates report back from Cairo anti-war conference (indymedia)

Fourth Conference

 * Final Declaration of the Cairo Conference 2006
 * Invitation to the Conference (includes links to the Conference Briefing and Program)

title: Cairo Anti-war Conference