text:
Talk:Comet Hyakutake

Image
The images we've got here at the moment are not that great. If anyone can find any appropriately licensed colour images showing the comet at its best, that would be great. Worldtraveller 16:50, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * You have tried Google images, I take it? This nice one is claimed to be from HST . -- ALoan (Talk) 18:20, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Had tried googling, but hadn't found anything appropriately licensed. The one you've found looks good, I've added it to the article. Worldtraveller 15:09, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Image placement
I moved the images from all on the right back to alternating left and right. I really feel this looks a lot better in terms of article presentation. If the general consensus is that all on the right would be better of course I'll defer to that. Worldtraveller 18:00, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Quality of the article
Quite frankly, I'm disappointed in the quality of this article. I haven't seen the version that was nominated back in March, but after I eagerly started reading the interesting article, I stumbled upon multiple grammatical mistakes and a few sentences that didn't make much sense. I'm in the process of fixing the mistakes and changing the references to ref and note. Any objections? Thanks! Flcelloguy (A note? ) 00:30, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Well as one of the main authors of the page I can only apologise :) Of course, fix it up in any way you think improves it. Happy to answer any questions if anything needs clarifying. Worldtraveller 00:48, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, it's an excellent read, and the time between March and now is nearly a year. Thanks for your work! Anyways, I've (hopefully) fixed it up, and changed all the references to note and ref format. Please check those to make sure I didn't accidentally attribute something to the wrong source, and feel free to check my edits to see that I didn't accidentally misinterpret any sentences. Thanks! Flcelloguy (A note? ) 01:05, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for all the fix ups! So nice to see a flood of edits on an FA that aren't all adding the word 'arse' in amusing places :)  All the refs are fine except for one stray link which I removed, and I just made a few small wording changes where I thought a particular sense was important.  Worldtraveller 01:19, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your work! A slight problem, though: when adding the refs, I tried to match up the number that appeared with the number that showed on the bottom. Besides the fact that one of the references at the bottom was out of order, some of the refs were cited more than once; I had to use ref num to force the numbers to match. By removing that one ref, the numbers all were automatically lowered; thus, I'm not sure that every ref is matched up to the right number. Because I'm not familiar with which links should go with what sources, would you mind reviewing this? Many thanks! Flcelloguy (A note? ) 01:25, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Fixed the numbers, should all be correct now. Thanks again! Worldtraveller 01:50, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Flcelloguy (A note? ) 02:44, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the article. The "click-back" links in the Reference section for numbers 6 and up do not work Vir 05:39, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Hmm, that's odd. I can't figure it out, although Template talk:Ref says that they should backlink, but gives a caveat that I can't understand. Perhaps we should use ref label? Thanks! Flcelloguy (A note? ) 14:44, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

 * From my experience, you will find the <ref>...</ref> format much easier to use (particularly if you want to change the order of refs). See Nobel Prize and Deus Caritas Est for places where I have used it recently. -- ALoan (Talk) 03:39, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Since when did Japanese have pharyngeals? I believe the pronunciation should probably be. --Ptcamn 08:05, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm not entirely certain about the devoiced vowel - it sounds like some sort of ejective in between the [k] and the [t]. I have no idea what's going on with the transcription in the article though - yours is definitely far superior.--Printf("Sam") 18:37, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Worldtraveller added it just under 11 months ago - diff - based on comments from Revth in the FAC discussion. I suspect the article may give the western attempts to get at the Japanese pronunciation, rather than what the Japanese actually say, but perhaps we should ask them? -- ALoan (Talk) 18:58, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The pronunciation Revth first posted in the FAC discussion (/hjakutake/) was much closer than either /ħʝakutake/ or /ħʃakutake/ as far as phonemic transcription is concerned (Ptcamn's transcription is a detailed phonetic transcription, /hjakutake/ is a phonemic one). For the sake of the majority, who doesn’t necessarily understand the IPA, I wonder if it might not be best to just lay out the syllables (hya-ku-ta-ke) as this is all that is really required for an English speaker to grasp proper pronunciation (I think), as we have the same allophony on [h], and the devoicing is not a central feature. Then again, a phonetic transcription can't hurt. Of course, I'm not a native speaker, but my phonetic knowlege of the language is pretty good.--Printf("Sam") 19:48, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I was just about to say that. I'd already edited the article, adding the pronunciation (and kanji), before Printf's comment.
 * I don't think hya-ku-ta-ke would be helpful, though -- most English speakers would be tempted to pronounce "hy" as "hai" before any vowel other than u. --Ptcamn 19:55, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

This article is woefully short on sources. The only section that's sourced is the one containing all the abstruse scientific data, but nothing prior to that section is attributed.- Dmz5 *Edits**Talk* 01:22, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Back to pronunciation (sort of)
If I do a literal reading of the opening: "Comet Hyakutake (Japanese: 百武彗星 Hyakutake suisei pronounced [çjakɯtake sɯiseː]" I'd have to understand it to mean that "Comet Hyakutake" is an English translation of the Japanese "百武彗星". But we all know the truth is not so. It is a comet, named after the discoverer, Mr. Hyakutake, whose name is written 百武 in Japanese. It's an interesting bit of trivia to footnote that comet is suisei in Japanese and written 彗星, but it's not the right way to put it in the article. Also, is there a way to include an anglicized version of [çjakɯtake]? I don't think [çja] is a sound that occurs in my west coast American version of English, although [hja] isn't either, so it may not be much better. Or is [çja] or [hja] easy enough for an English speaker to learn so that an anglicized rendering would be only more confusing? Hmm, more linguistics than deserves to be on an astronomy page.--75.17.113.9 (talk) 00:32, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

Image:060227comet.jpg nominated for deletion
FYI, I have the above Commons image file used in this article for deletion. 84user (talk) 14:52, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

Perihelion constellation
Does anyone know what constellation Hyakutake appeared in during its closest approach to Earth? -Agur bar Jacé (talk) 22:22, 31 January 2010 (UTC)

 * During perihelion (1996-May-01) it was in the constellation of Ari. -- Kheider (talk) 01:31, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

X-rays?
I took radiography and one of the first things taught is that X-rays are an artificial version of gamma rays. Gamma rays are naturally made, but X-rays are made by machine (in a nutshell). I bring this up because "X-ray" is used in many instances on this page. Could it at least be considered to change this to avoid any inaccuracies? 68.0.69.146 (talk) 13:49, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

Addressing DVdm's revert on my revision which omitted two instances of the word 'unexpected'.
From MOS:NOTED; Do not tell readers that something is ironic, surprising, unexpected, amusing, coincidental, etc. Simply state the sourced facts and allow readers to draw their own conclusions. --Turkeybutt (talk) 13:34, 4 September 2016 (UTC)  DANGIT I FORGOT TO SIGN! again

 * As I said in the edit symmary of the revert, the cited source says: "We were greatly surprised to find cometary material so far away from the nucleus." In my opinion that supports the usage of the word "unexpected". - DVdm (talk) 13:37, 4 September 2016 (UTC)

 * I was also going to add something else;
 * DVdm's edit summary says that a cited source says that cometary scientists were surprised. He didn't specify where the source was so I couldn't find it. I think POV statements, doubts, instructions and editorializations should be quoted and attributed to cited sources.
 * DVdm, you should've told me where/what the source was so I can verify for sure that it's okay to use the word unexpected. I just think that all POV statements, potential bias-starters, editorial opinions and subjective terms should either be in quotes and attributed to cited sources or not written down in the articles at all. What may seem unexpected to some people may not be unexpected to other people and vice versa. --Turkeybutt (talk) 13:44, 4 September 2016 (UTC)
 * PS. I don't think there is anything else in Wikipedia guidelines that offer exceptions to the don't tell readers that something is irony / surprise / funny / coincidence clause. I think the only exception is if it is quoted and attributed to a cited reliable source. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Turkeybutt JC (talk • contribs) 13:50, 4 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Please sign all your talk page messages with four tildes ( ~ ) and indent the messages as outlined in wp:THREAD and wp:INDENT. Thanks.
 * As you could have seen in the diff and the edit summary of my revert, the source is in the article, immediately following the second sentence that mentions the word "unexpected". Before removing something, it's always a good idea to first verify whether the removed content doesn't happen to be properly sourced, in which case the content probably should not be removed to begin with. That was clearly the case here. - DVdm (talk) 14:01, 4 September 2016 (UTC)

 * (edit conflict)
 * "should've told me where" The source is inlined right at the end of the sentence. How did you overlook it?
 * "don't tell readers that" WP:NOTED is referring to editor's opinions. If it is the source's opinion, we do tell them about it.
 * Kudos for arguing from policy. It helps to be aware of all of it, though. ;) Paradoctor (talk) 14:11, 4 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Sky Chart is incorrect
The image labeled "The path of Comet Hyakutake across the sky" is incorrect (resolved, see below). The nucleus of the comet passed near Arcturus March 23 and a few days later quite close to Polaris. The chart does not display this at all. Wrong comet maybe? EllenM4014 (talk) 00:31, 22 April 2019 (UTC)

Yes, this is correct. It was close to Arcturus on March 22-23, 1996. A correct chart of its path is here - http://zebu.uoregon.edu/cometh/

2601:246:5500:FA80:21E:C2FF:FEC2:E8ED (talk) 04:28, 25 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Thank you for correcting the chart (25 Dec 2019). It is now correct.EllenM4014 (talk) 00:51, 17 February 2020 (UTC)

FAR needed
This featured articles has had citation needed tags since January 2019. Is anyone watching this article and can anyone supply the citations and do any other checking, so that the article can avoid a featured article review? Sandy Georgia (Talk)  03:47, 22 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Agree, a very high amount of this article by percentage of text in the body lacks inline citations. Since this comment has been active for well over a year, I'm upgrading this to a notice overall, . Hog Farm Talk 02:51, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Comet Hyakutake


text:
User talk:Alexwcovington/ND Template

I think this version is fairer than the previous attempt to update the template. I've also reduced the size of the header bar.

I like this template, Alex. I think I will go ahead and save it as Template:North Dakota. The name should have a space in it...the old template didn't have the space. The ND template would have to change names like this at some point so I guess now is as good a time as any. We can still make any changes you want to the template. --Matth e w UND (talk) 08:56, 6 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm almost done replacing all instances of template with template  .  So, "the North Dakota template" is now  and  is now just a redirect to the new template.  I hope it is ok with you that I went ahead and used your template design.  It looks much better than the old one.  I'm in the process of adding the North Dakota template to all ND city articles so that's why I decided to mess with the template itself.  --Matth e w UND (talk) 03:31, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Alexwcovington/ND Template


text:
MV Brisbane Star

MV Brisbane Star was a British refrigerated cargo liner. She was built by Cammell Laird and Co in 1936–37 as one of Blue Star Line's MV Imperial Star (1935)-class ships, designed to ship frozen meat from Australia and New Zealand to the United Kingdom. The ship served in the Second World War and is distinguished for her rôle in Operation Pedestal to relieve the siege of Malta in August 1942. She was owned by a succession of Blue Star-controlled companies until 1963, when she was sold to a Liberian-registered company who renamed her Enea. Later that same year she was scrapped in Japan.

Building
Cammell Laird and Co in Birkenhead, England built the sister ships MV Melbourne Star (1936) and Brisbane Star and launched them on the same day, 7 July 1936. Melbourne Star was completed in November 1936, followed by Brisbane Star in January 1937. Both ships were initially owned by Union Cold Storage, a ship-owning company controlled by Blue Star Line.

The Imperial Star class were motor ships. Melbourne Star and Brisbane Star each had a pair of 10-cylinder two-stroke single-acting Sulzer Bros marine Diesel engines driving twin screws. Brisbane Star's engines developed a total of 2,806 HP. Her navigation equipment included wireless direction finding, an echo sounding device and a gyrocompass.

Second World War service
Brisbane Star's regular cargo liner route was from London via South Africa to Australia or New Zealand, returning by the same route laden with frozen meat. En route she tended to call at either Las Palmas or Cape Verde, presumably for bunkering.

During the war it was strategically important to continue meat imports to the UK. However, under wartime conditions Brisbane Star's route was increasingly changed. After France surrendered to Germany in June 1940 the Port of London became too dangerous, so instead the ship used Liverpool or sometimes Avonmouth or Newport, Wales. From 1940 her voyages home from Australia or New Zealand tended to be eastward via the Pacific Ocean and Panama Canal instead of westward via the Indian Ocean, South Africa and the South Atlantic.

At times the Brisbane Star was taken off her usual service to support operations in the Mediterranean. Blue Star also had a regular trade importing frozen meat to the UK from South America, where Brisbane Star five times from 1941 to 1944. In 1941 she also made one visit to Bombay and two to Colombo.

As she was a fast merchant ship Brisbane Star was left to make most of her wartime voyages unescorted. The few exceptions were mostly in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and sometimes outbound convoys from the UK from which she would either detach in mid-Atlantic or continue as far as Freetown in Sierra Leone.

Middle East and Greece
At the end of August 1940 Brisbane Star was diverted to support Allied operations in the Middle East. She was a member of Convoy AP 3/1, which left Liverpool on 10 September and reached Suez on 22 October. But on 1 November, British and Empire forces had landed on Crete to support the Greek war effort, and on 5 November Brisbane Star came north through the Suez Canal and called at Port Said. Her destination was Souda Bay in Crete, where she arrived the next day under naval escort. She stayed until 14 November, when she returned under naval escort to Port Said.

Operation Pedestal
On 31 July 1942 Brisbane Star entered the Firth of Clyde, where she and her sister Melbourne Star joined the Convoy WS 21S for Operation Pedestal to relieve the siege of Malta. The convoy left on 2 August under heavy naval escort and passed Gibraltar on 10 August, where it became Convoy MW 2.

Off Cap Bon on 12 August a Luftwaffe aircraft launched an aerial torpedo at Brisbane Star. It damaged her bow, almost tearing it off, but she stayed afloat. She could make only 3 kn, so she rounded Cap Bon and anchored in the Gulf of Hammamet. There the harbour master of Sousse in Vichy French Tunisia boarded the ship, declared her unseaworthy and ordered her to be detained and enter port. Brisbane Star's Master, Captain Frederick Riley, refused and the harbour master eventually withdrew but agreed take ashore one crewman, Greaser Edward Corfield, who had been seriously wounded in the attack, but unfortunately he died shortly afterwards.

Eventually Malta sent Spitfires to escort Brisbane Star the 200 miles to Valletta, where she and her cargo safely reached the Grand Harbour on 14 August.

Brisbane Star stayed in Malta for almost four months, while her bow received temporary repairs good enough to return to deep sea service. On 7 December she left Malta with Convoy ME 11, which reached Port Said four days later. She then passed through the Suez Canal, called at Aden on 20 December, and spent Christmas 1942 and New Year 1943 heading south through the Indian Ocean. After calling at Cape Town in early January she reached Argentina. This may be when Blue Star had her bow further rebuilt at Puerto Belgrano Naval Base. She was at Buenos Aires at the end of January and again in late February, before leaving for home on 26 February. She went via Gibraltar, where she arrived on 21 March. A week later she left and joined Convoy MKF 11, which was en route from Bône in French Algeria to the Firth of Clyde. She reached Liverpool on 5 April.

Captain Riley was one of three Merchant Navy captains from Operation Pedestal who were awarded the DSO "for fortitude, seamanship and endurance... in the face of relentless attacks... from enemy submarines, aircraft and surface forces". His Chief Officer Robert White, Chief Engineer Allan Nichol, Second Officer C.R. Horton and Junior Second Engineer J Dobbie were awarded the DSC. Boatswain F Wilson and ship's carpenter A Nylander were awarded the DSM and Junior Third Engineer A.J. Pretty was mentioned in dispatches.

Nominal change of ownership
In 1943 Blue Star transferred her ownership from Union Cold Storage to Frederick Leyland and Co. The repairs were accompanied by alterations that considerably increased the ship's tonnage and deepened her draught by 9 ft.

London and Hawaii
In May 1945 Germany surrendered to the Allies, and in June Brisbane Star returned to London for the first time in five and a half years. Her final voyage of the war was from Norfolk, Virginia via the Panama Canal to Pearl Harbor, where she arrived on 29 August, three days before the Surrender of Japan.

Post-war service
Blue Star transferred Brisbane Star's ownership twice more: to Lamport and Holt Line in 1950 and to Blue Star Line itself in 1959. In July 1963 Blue Star sold the ship to Margalante Compania Naviera, SA of Liberia, who renamed her Enea. In October 1963 she arrived at Izumi-Ohtsu shipbreakers in Osaka, Japan, who scrapped her.

title: MV Brisbane Star


text: User talk:130.161.31.76

title: User talk:130.161.31.76


text: Category:Municipalities of East Flanders


text:
The LBG

LBG is a rock group from Chennai, India. It was formerly known as Little Babooshka's Grind. They are noted in the Indian rock music scene for performing only originals and no covers.

History
LBG has existed since 1996 and started out playing the national college cultural circuit. In 1999, they decided that they had had enough of playing other people's music, so they set out to become one of the pioneers of performing original music in India.

They released their first album, This Animal is called the Wallet in 2004

Albums
LBG released its second album Bad Children on 18 November 2006 with a special launch performance at Distil, Taj Connemara. The 11 song full-length album (short listed from over 25 songs) was the culmination of more than two years of song writing, dedication and hard work. The album was recorded over a three-month period, with the band taking time to reflect over the material and making the appropriate adjustments to bring their vision of a quintessential Indian rock album to reality.

They have performed in Unwind Center's 2004, 2005 and 2011  editions of JRO (June Rock Out) where they released their full-length album on 10 July 2004  and MCC's Octavia Showdown in September 2017.

title: The LBG


text:
User talk:Skram~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Thanks for your contributions to human rights. However, I have removed the signatures you left in the text. Signatures are only used on talk pages and policy pages, and never within articles. Cheers,  BanyanTree 15:47, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Skram~enwiki


text:
Roberto Santos

Roberto Santos Pinhanez (1928–1987) was a Brazilian film director, known for films like Matraga (A Hora e Vez de Augusto Matraga) and The Great Moment (O Grande Momento).

Biography
Santos was born in a working-class suburb of São Paulo in 1928. He started his cinema activities around 1952, in the first big studio built in Brazil, the Vera Cruz Studio. In 1956, Santos made his first movie, O Grande Momento (The Great Moment), the first neo-realistic movie made in Brazil. In 1965, Roberto Santos adapted a short novel by Guimaraes Rosa, A Hora e Vez de Augusto Matraga (Matraga), the only successful adaptation to cinema of a work by Guimaraes Rosa, the most important name in Brazilian literature in this century. The film was shown at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival.

During the late 1960s and 1970s, his career was marked by problems with censorship. Nevertheless, he directed six more movies, among them, two experimental movies; Vozes do Medo (Voices of Fear) — a movie with the structure of a magazine — and As Tres Mortes de Solano (The Three Deaths of Solano), an experiment where the same plot is told three times, first in the fantastic realm, then as a realistic plot, and finally as a circus pantomime. Meanwhile, he worked in television and directed commercials. The success of an adaptation for TV of another Guimaraes Rosa's story prompted him to write a screenplay for the short novel Campo Geral, about a kid growing in the back-country of Brazil. After months of trouble to obtain the rights, the project was abandoned, and he decided to tackle another myth of Brazilian literature, Machado de Assis.

His last movie, Quincas Borba, recreated Machado de Assis's fin-de-siecle universe in the troubled 1980s. Roberto Santos died of a heart attack at the São Paulo airport in 1987, just after returning from the Festival of Gramado, where Quincas Borba was shown and heavily criticized by a clique of critics.

Filmography

 * O Grande Momento (1958)
 * a.k.a. The Grand Moment (International: English title)
 * A Hora e a Vez de Augusto Matraga (1965)
 * a.k.a. Matraga
 * a.k.a. The Hour and Turn of Augusto Matraga (USA)
 * As Cariocas (1966)
 * O Homem Nu (1968)
 * a.k.a. The Naked Man
 * Um Anjo Mau (1971)
 * a.k.a. The Evil Angel
 * Vozes do Medo (1972)
 * Contos Eróticos (1977) (segment "Arroz com Feijão")
 * a.k.a. Erotic Stories (International: English title)
 * As Três Mortes de Solano (1978)
 * Os Amantes da Chuva (1979)
 * Nasce Uma Mulher (1983)
 * Quincas Borba (1987)

title: Roberto Santos


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway

Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway
User:Ta bu shi da yu suggested I nominate this as a FAC after its time on WP:PR. It is a concise complete account of a small Southwestern Ohio railroad with a photo, references, and external links. PedanticallySpeaking 15:49, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it's an excellent article, personally. Support! - Ta bu shi da yu 15:59, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. And who will have won, when the railroad has gone? -Ashley Pomeroy 20:13, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. It's short but sufficiently comprehensive IMHO.  JYolkowski 23:18, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Too many red wikis means that the article exists in a bit of a vacuum Fawcett5 04:40, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The absence of other articles is no reason to object to the nominated article. Jeronimo 09:09, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Object. This seems pretty good, but the article really needs a map to show the route of the railroad.  Jeronimo 09:09, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral. In terms of content this is first class, but I think the article has too many red links, a route map would be nice.
 * As said above "The absence of other articles is no reason to object to the nominated article." Or we could just remove all the red links and add them when they have an article. Peb1991 22:30, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Support I agree about the route map. While there are a lot of red links, I think it is meaninful to look at what the red linked subjects are. Most are older railroads which WikiProject:Trains participants haven't gotten to yet. The number of older railroad articles is currently growing daily. Perhaps getting one like this featured will stimulate more writing, in this case, from someone with either Ohio or Pennsylvania Railroad knowledge and interests. The content is good and balanced. Route maps are nice, but from my experience, often not available through PD sources for these smaller and older railroads. Vaoverland 23:21, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I've also removed some red links and replaced them with stubs. JuntungWu 12:28, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I may sound a little overly critical here, but I'm still not quite convinced. I've gone through it with a quick copyedit to resolve a couple run-on sentences and fix some grammar, but I think there could still be some improvement in the prose.  I'd like to see more pictures, but I can understand that they may be hard to find.  The only real objection that I have at this point is that the article lacks a route map. slambo 02:35, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * The article claims in the lead and reorganization sections that the line ran from Cincinnati to Dayton but the route section lists Cincinnati to some unknown place called Lebanon Junction. Where is this place? Did the line not reach Dayton proper? Is this past Dayton? Rmhermen 20:54, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * I made a stab at a map and added it. Rmhermen 22:26, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Lebanon Junction was just east of Dayton in Montgomery County. From there its trains proceeded on the other road, the Toledo, Delphos, and Belmont for the remaining couple of miles.  Later the line was reconstructed and it went directly into Dayton.  I've added a sentence to this effect.  PedanticallySpeaking 16:31, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)


text:
User:Acsumama

Stentor Benjamin Danielson

I was born in Medina, Ohio and grew up in Tionesta, Pennsylvania and Palmerton, Pennsylvania. I earned my BA in Geography and Sociology and Anthropology from Colgate University and a PhD in Geography at Clark University, studying public attitudes toward wildfire in New Jersey and New South Wales. I currently teach at Slippery Rock University.

My blog: debitage

title: User:Acsumama


text: User talk:168.102.132.1

title: User talk:168.102.132.1


text:
Cecilia Cubas

Cecilia Cubas Gusinky, businesswoman and daughter of former Paraguayan President Raúl Cubas and Senator Mirtha Gusinky, was found dead on February 16, 2005, underneath an abandoned house near Asunción, nearly five months after she was kidnapped. Cubas was the third kidnapping victim officially recognized in a decade in Paraguay.

Kidnapping
Cubas, 32, was abducted by gunmen two blocks from her home in Asunción on September 21, 2004, sparking a massive search by security forces who hoped to rescue her alive. Residents of Asunción had plastered "Free Cecilia" signs on buildings, houses and cars.

Cubas' father, the former president, a wealthy businessman who governed for less than a year between 1998 and 1999, paid a ransom of US$800,000 for his daughter's release in November 2004 after negotiating with her captors through e-mail. The kidnappers had initially demanded $5 million. However, they later told her father that the payment was merely a fine and cut off all communication.

Discovery of body and aftermath
Her naked body was found in an underground chamber connected to tunnels running under the house and due to the state of decomposition had to be identified by a dental exam. Her mouth and nose had been covered with adhesive tape and she had been buried alive.

Cubas and his wife, along with then President Nicanor Duarte Frutos, accompanied police to the site where the body was found.

Among the information that was later released regarding the kidnapping of Cubas, was the fact that the kidnappers had received training and support from the Colombian terrorist group FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia); the support of this group came via the "foreign minister" of the FARC, Rodrigo Granda. Osmar Martínez from the PPL (Partido Patria Libre), who was arrested as the main suspect for this crime, was the link with Granda.

The investigation into the kidnapping was conducted with the help of the Colombian attorney general's office.

title: Cecilia Cubas


text:
Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting

The Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting is a role-playing game sourcebook first published by TSR in 1987 for the first edition of the fantasy role-playing game Advanced Dungeons & Dragons that describes the campaign setting of the Forgotten Realms. It contains information on characters, locations and history. Various revised and updated editions have been produced over the years.

Contents
The 1987 Forgotten Realms Campaign Set was sold as a box set containing two 96-page books, four maps, and two clear plastic overlays marked with hex grids. The maps were four full-color, 34" x 22" maps, two of which combine to form a large-scale (1" = 90 miles) map of the western half of the vast Realms continent, while the other two provide a more detailed (1" = 30 miles) map of the regions featured in the campaign pack.

The Dungeon Master's Sourcebook of the Realms describes how to set up and run a campaign in the Forgotten Realms. A pair of short scenarios is included, and information is provided on terrain and movement in the wilderness, important non-player character personalities, rumors, as well as important and magical books. Written from the perspective of Elminster the sage, the book introduces the campaign setting, explains how to use it, and offers adventure resources. Large areas were set aside to be developed for house campaigns, and no published materials were intended to be printed to exploit those areas, while one area detailed in this package was intended to have no subsequent publications use that area. The package covers only the western half of a single continent; the eastern half would later be covered in a separate sourcebook for Kara-Tur. Two complete dungeon-style adventures are provided: "Halls of the Beast-Tamers", a dungeon with many unconventional problem-solving exercises, and "Lashan's Fall", a dungeon with a mystery and an opportunity to parley with a monster. The "Books of the Forgotten Realms" section is a treatment of several magical tomes that suggests a variety of adventures, with a description of the appearance, history, and contents of each book.

The Cyclopedia of the Realms contains background information on and detailed maps for the locations featured in the maps of the Forgotten Realms that come with the set. It begins with an explanation of the Realms' treatment of time, names, language, and currency, and its gods and religion. The remaining 75 pages of the book is an encyclopedic and alphabetic listing of important places, races, nations, cultures, character classes, and organizations of the Realms.

Publication history
Ed Greenwood and Jeff Grubb collaborated beginning in 1986 to turn Greenwood's Forgotten Realms campaign setting into a publishable product for the public. Greenwood sent in packages filled with raw material, maps, and notes to Grubb. Grubb then organized and rewrote much of the material, and Karen Martin edited it. Their combined work created the Forgotten Realms Campaign Set that was published in 1987. It featured illustrations and artwork from Keith Parkinson, Jeff Easley, Clyde Caldwell, and Tim Conrad.

2nd edition
In 1990, TSR published Forgotten Realms Adventures, a 154-page sourcebook that was a revision and upgrade to the 1st edition Campaign Set for the newly published 2nd edition rules.

TSR published a full new version of the boxed set for AD&D 2nd edition in 1993, the Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting, Revised. It was later republished in 1996. Contents included:

 * "A Grand Tour of the Realms" – 128-page perfect-bound book describing the geographical regions of Faerûn
 * "Shadowdale" – 96-page book on the town of Shadowdale including the adventure "Beneath the Twisted Tower".
 * "Running the Realms" – 64-page book describing suggested ideas for running a campaign in the Realms
 * 8 Monstrous Compendium pages, 6 card-stock accessory sheets, 4-fold out maps, 2 transparent hex-grid overlays for use with the maps

3rd edition
The Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting was published in June 2001. Wizards of the Coast published an updated version for use with the 3rd edition of the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. Due to difficulties with distribution and production costs of box sets, Wizards moved away from that style, and instead published a normal hardcover book for the 3rd edition update to the Realms. The book was written by Ed Greenwood, Sean K. Reynolds, Skip Williams and Rob Heinsoo, with additional contributions from members of the Wizard company's staff. Interior art was by Todd Lockwood, Sam Wood, Matt Wilson, Carlo Arellano and Stephanie Pui-Mun Law. The book is 320 pages in length and features color illustrations.

Contents
Notable updates to the campaign setting included the widespread presence of Red Wizard enclaves in various cities, the presence of a mysterious group called the "Shades" in the southern Anauroch desert, and the increasing "surface presence" of dark elves in the Dalelands. The setting history was updated to reflect various major events such as the changes to the pantheon of Faerûn since the Time of Troubles, and the defeat of the Tuigan Horde.

The book was organized into nine chapters, which cover the campaign setting in broad detail. The primary emphasis is on the continent of Faerûn, and the other continents are only briefly mentioned. The chapters are arranged as follows:

 * 1)  Characters — How to create a player character for the setting, including races, classes, regional feats, religions, and setting-specific prestige classes. Many of these later have been merged into the version 3.5 release of Dungeons & Dragons Dungeon Master's Guide.
 * 2) Magic – An explanation of how magic operates in this setting, and a number of unique aspects of magic. A few additional spells are provided, primarily to support the new Domains.
 * 3) Life in Faerûn – A general overview of life, lore, culture and commerce in this setting.
 * 4) Geography – Each of the significant regions of the continent are explored, along with places of interest, cities, politics, and significant individuals.
 * 5) Deities – Only the major deities are described in this edition, with the remainder of the pantheon detailed in Faiths & Pantheons. Several new Domains are introduced, with the incumbent spells listed in the Magic chapter.
 * 6) History – An overview of the detailed history of this setting, with a lengthy time line at the end of the chapter.
 * 7) Organizations – Groups, cults, and other organizations play an important role in the realms, and several of the most significant are detailed herein.
 * 8) Running the Realms – Practical advice for the Dungeon Master trying to run an adventure or campaign in this setting. A pair of brief sample adventures are included.
 * 9) Monsters – A brief list of monsters unique to this continent are introduced, with a more extensive selection published later in other books.

This work contained a number of maps, and a fold-out map of the continent of Faerûn. There were also many sidebar topics and tables. Game statistics were provided for popular Forgotten Realms characters such as Drizzt Do'Urden, Artemis Entreri, Elminster, Khelben Blackstaff, Fzoul Chembryl and Manshoon.

4th edition
Wizards of the Coast released another revised edition of the Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide for the 4th edition of D&D in August 2008, and also released the Forgotten Realms Player's Guide in September 2008.

To usher in the new edition of Dungeons & Dragons, major campaign world events included the death of the goddess Mystra and her Weave, and the subsequent Spellplague, which caused calamitous events such as animation of giant statues, violent earthquakes, corruption of various beings into monsters, and the collapse of some regions of the Underdark.

An additional campaign setting book, covering the city of Neverwinter and its environs, was released in 2011, while an overview of the history, both fictional and real-world, of the Realms was published as Ed Greenwood Presents Elminster's Forgotten Realms in 2012, written by Realms creator Ed Greenwood.

Reception
Despite being a creative and critical success, sales of the Campaign Setting in the 1980s and 1990s were not large in raw numbers. This was partially due to how only a Dungeon Master might need to buy the setting for an entire playgroup, while all the players might own a Players' Handbook, and anyone could buy the popular Forgotten Realms novels with no need to even participate in AD&D. The 1987 Campaign Set sold around 80,000 copies in its first year, and around 207,000 total sales before 1999; the 1990 Adventures supplement handbook sold around 82,000 in its first year, and 116,000 sales before 1999; and the 1993 2nd edition box set sold around 36,000 copies in its first year, and 107,000 copies by 1999. These sales were worse than both Dragonlance Adventures and World of Greyhawk Fantasy Game Setting that had been published earlier, perhaps a sign of increasing competition in the role-playing game market compared to the early 1980s when Dungeons & Dragons was by far the pre-eminent role-playing game.

Lawrence Schick, in his 1991 book Heroic Worlds, describes the Forgotten Realms as a "fantasy world with a little bit of everything in it, the setting for most of TSR's AD&D scenarios from 1987 on. The world is designed to be flexible enough to act as a setting for a wide variety of campaigns."

The reviewer from Pyramid noted that the third edition book covers "a vast land with knights, barbarians, horse archers, and just about any other type of fantasy archetype you can name".

Scott Taylor for Black Gate in 2014 listed Forgotten Realms Boxed Set by Keith Parkinson as #6 in The Top 10 TSR Cover Paintings of All Time.

Other reviews

 * Asgard Issue 1 (April 2001)
 * Envoyer Issue 57 (July 2001)
 * Anduin Issue 88 (July 2004)
 * Rebel Times Issue 27 (December 2009, Polish edition, "(Nie)zapomniane Krainy") [in Polish]
 * Backstab #4 (2nd edition)
 * Envoyer (German) (Issue 23 - Sep 1998)
 * Australian Realms #13

Awards

 * The 1st edition boxed set is a Gamer's Choice award-winner.
 * At the 2002 Origins Award, the 3rd edition of Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting won Best Role-Playing Game Supplement of 2001.

Other recognition

 * The third edition of Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting made the Amazon.ca bestseller list at number 47 in September 2002.
 * A copy of the third edition of Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting is held in the collection of the Strong National Museum of Play (object 116.6072).

title: Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting


text:
User talk:Mido

Gospel of Barnabas
Hi

I note you reverted the revert on whether the GoB is to be counted as Islamic. I re-instated this a few days ago, as that was the wish of another reader.

There is no point in being over-precious about this - as I would fully agree that the GoB differs strongly from orthodox Islam on many points.

But, on the other hand, there seem to be many readers who advance the view of this Gospel as fundamentally Islamic - albeit corrupted in transmission.

Would it not be more-inclusive to leave the-cross reference in?

regards TomHennell 02:06, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank your for your explanation - most helpful TomHennell 14:52, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Good luck with Arabic...
The non-english Wikipedias must be both exciting (so much to do!) and frustrating (so much to do.) Good luck with that. -- ForteTuba

Please help on Ancient Egypt
Posted by Pruneau 18:38, 29 May 2006 (UTC) on behalf of the AID Maintenance Team

Architecture Wikiproject
Hi, many thanks for all your architecture and design edits. I was wondering if you might be interested in joining WikiProject Architecture. Also we've been revamping the Architecture Portal and nominations to Portal:Architecture/Selected picture candidates and Portal:Architecture/Selected article candidates will always be welcome.--Mcginnly 09:24, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

Ahlan wu'Sahlan
Ahlan Mido,

I was wondering if you could spell these Arabs names in Arabic for the Wikipedia pages:

Salim Tuama Walid Badir Abed Rabah

Shukran jazilan. - NYC2TLV posted on June 28th

Non-free use disputed for Image:Mann.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Mann.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 03:28, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Zamalek
Hi, i am a member of the WP:FOOTY project here, and my attention was drawn to the Zamalek article which was in a considerable mess. I have cleaned it up as much as i can now. I need a little help in improving the notable players section and the managers section. I think the managers section is inaccurate and would like your input or sources. Also, i have little knowledge of Egyptian football so i am not sure about how notable some of the players are in relation to the football club. Any help, be it editing or pointing to sources, would be much appreciated. If not, don't worry, i will keep looking for sources. Thanks Woodym555 21:34, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Contact
Hi Mido, did you receive my mail, heiko from pediapress ? He!ko (talk) 11:59, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Sherif.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Sherif.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 05:16, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mido


text:
Talk:The Amazing Race 9

Archive 1 (2005.2.25 to 2006.4.10)

12 Legs?
The table of finishes lists 12 legs. How do we know this race is 12 legs? I don't remember a source for that. Is that what we just start all of the race tables at and add and subtract as needed?TeckWiz 14:05, 18 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, since the past two "normal" TAR seasons have had 12 legs because of the removal of a non-elimination point (thus creating a superleg), setting the table at 12 legs probably is the simplest decision. It can always be changed later. -- SonicAD (talk) 15:23, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

This was a long time ago but ever since season 18 occurred it's turned out that most of these legs listed as double-length or super legs are really 2 legs separated by a virtual Pit stop. Only on seasons 6, 8 (end) and 10 has there been true double-length legsAceee1 (talk) 05:43, 19 July 2019 (UTC).

Tasks
No plans to include a list as which team picked which Detour or which racer performed a Roadblock in each leg? --Destron Commander 03:44, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * We have which racer performed how many but not which ones. We could only do that if someone remembers which team did what Detour and which person did what Roadblock from every leg of the race. If not, we'll wait to the Amazing Race 10.TeckWiz 13:28, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I think the amount of info presented right now is about right for a TV series article on Wikipedia. I would wait until WP:TV's guidelines are finalized to see how such detail should be managed. --Madchester 15:20, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * What would be good is a very small table that had that info. I know Zron, a recaper on TARflies does that. They're pretty small tables, and a good size for the page. And if they look to big when you first find them look carefully because some info we don't even need. Like the Roadblock table says record for amount of Roadblocks done by each member. We don't need that because we have it in the leaderboard. The only question is...can you make small tables like that on Wikipedia?TeckWiz 11:26, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * What about a Detour table like this. It's very small. The only problem is I don't know how to make the lines continue even when there is nothing in the box. (Since Ray and Yolanda only tried one detour the other box is the blank space)

 * An "x" is the task the team completed it
 * An asterisk means the team switched to the other task

Also, here is a Roadblock table

If people agree with me we can put tables like this on the page. Anyone have suggestions or comments?TeckWiz 00:35, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I completely agree that these charts should go on the page. I am willing to look back at the old episodes on tape and provide the information, however, I would need someone else to put it into chart form, as I dont really understand wikipedia charts. -Reuvenk[T][C] 20:35, 28 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Once again, I advise waiting until WP:TV's guidelines have been finalized. The working guidelines suggest brief plot outlines; additional tables would be too much, considering that there is already a leaderboard in place. --Madchester 20:55, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Cities Count
Aleenf says the city count has been fixed to 24. I think it's only 22, going by the Wikipedia page. So either Aleenf UWAFanatic05 made a mistake, or the page is wrong. Here are the cities I counted:

Denver, Sao Paulo, Brotas, Moscow, Stuttgart, Bad Tolz, Geiselgasteig, Munich, Palermo, Castellammare del Golfo, Segesta, Catania, Siracusa, Rome, Athens, Corinth, Nemea, Rio, Muscat, Sur, Al Hawiyah, Nizwa

What am I missing. And if I'm not, once I'm told that I'll fix the page.TeckWiz 11:19, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry for TeckWiz, I haven't done the cities count. So, you may be found the wrong person. Cities count is alwalys done by the other person. Thank you. Aleenf1 06:05, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Teckwiz I apologize for the incorrect number of cities. I was including Morrison, the suburb of Denver and also Frankfurt in Germany.  Please revert the count to back the way you had it if these should not be counted.  Also, I counted Perth and Fremantle as the only two cities visited in Leg 8, so that would make it 24 if you do not count Morrison and Frankfurt.  Again, I apologize for this problem.  UWAFanatic05 02:23, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

Google Video
Maybe I'm wrong, but I think that it's fairly reasonable to include a link to Google Video's section for The Amazing Race 9, as that's where CBS makes episodes available for rental. It seems to me that since that's a place where one can get the episodes on the internet, legally, it would be an appropriate site to link to. I was being bold and added it, but it got reverted fairly quickly, so I'd like to get some opinions before adding it back in case I've aimed off target here. -- SonicAD (talk) 06:16, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

For song or album articles, there are no links to iTunes or Amazon.com to purchase the aforementioned music. Likewise, Wikipedia:External Links suggests that users should not link to external sites that are selling a good or service. --Madchester 06:24, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, didn't see that. Sorry, then, thought it might have been a good idea. Thanks for the correction. -- SonicAD (talk) 06:26, 28 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, but Google video is the only place to legally buy an episode, so it is pertinent. Just my $0.02. -Reuvenk[T][C] 20:37, 28 April 2006 (UTC)
 * There are no links to the Season 1 or 7 boxed DVD sets on their respective Wikipedia articles. Likewise, there are no such links to DVD sets on other television or film articles, since they're in violation of WP:NOT.  Wikipedia isn't supposed to be providing adspace for products or services. --Madchester 20:48, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Sorry to pick up an old conversation, but does google video still have Amazing Race episodes for download. I Checked just now and couldn't find anything. If they are indeed gone, why? -Reuvenk[T][C] 15:07, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I didn't check Google video but if they don't anymore here is a possible explanation:

About a month ago CBS started CBS On Demand. It offers CBS shows for dowload on your computer for about $0.99. It started with only Survivor: Panama, and has not changed since. However, probably at the start of The Amazing Race 10, they will start putting the Amazing Race episodes on CBS OnDemand. If CBS could make money off their own site and not have to pay a commission fee to Google, they will make more money. So, in probably planning to put it on CBS On Demand, they took it off google video.TeckWiz 20:08, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Trivia
"This shows Joseph taking affirmative action..."

No it doesn't. It shows that Joseph was aware of what Eric and Jeremy did and it shows that Joseph understands that it may benefit his team. It does not show in any way that Joseph participated in the cancellation, discussed the cancellation with Eric and Jeremy beforehand, or in any other way participated in the cancellation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.24.48.1 (talk • contribs)

Special Prize
For the second time in Race history, a Travelocity trip has been awarded thanks to a "gnome". It's also the second time this season a prize has been awarded to any team and not just the first place (although the first time it happened to be the first place team. When the first two teams check in Phil said they would be in the final 3, meaning it was an elimination, which made me think what would happen if the last place team won the prize. What if Monica and Joseph had the golden gome? What would have happened?TeckWiz 01:04, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Didn't the first time they awarded prizes via gnome result in the prize being awarded to the eliminated team? When the teams searched the island for gnomes with secret symbols on the bottom? Otto4711 04:09, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

I'm wrong. Ron and Kelly won the gnome prize in season 7. They were in last place but it was a non-elimination leg. Otto4711 04:20, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Is That Needed???
I saw one non-wikipedians put The Da Vinci Code requests in this article, is that needed??? Aleenf1 10:13, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * That was spam from a Da Vinci Code enthusiast. See Articles for deletion/The Da Vinci Code WebQuests to particpate in its AfD. --Madchester 18:59, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Elimination notes
Any thoughts on whether we should have elimination notes like the Survivor pages? --HansTAR 00:09, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

Article quality?
In the Post race trivia section, one piece of trivia states: "Eric/Jeremy and BJ/Tyler have continued to socialize since the end of the Race. (Warning: NSFW [Not Safe For Work] Link) [Empahsis added]." Should that really be in the article? Maybe, make a footnote with the link, and in the footnote, put the NSFW warning. Just my $.02. -Reuvenk[T][C] 04:06, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

This has to bo some sort of record
In TAR 9, only four teams ever arrived first at a pit stop (The final three all did, and Fran and Barry). Has that ever happened before in the race? I'm not adding it to the article because I cant verify it, but I think its a first. -Reuvenk[T][C] 04:13, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

 * No, it's not a first. In Season 5, Alison and Donny won the first leg, and every other leg was won by one of the final 3. 128.230.13.64 23:14, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

In retrospect

 * Looking back at Talk:The_Amazing_Race_9/Archive_1, it's a good thing that the flags were not removed from Wikipedia articles, given the final Roadblock. Fortunately we have editors here who aren't so narrow-minded.  Congrats to everyone who contributed to the article for this season.  --Madchester 06:13, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Can I add this to the trivia section?
Can I add this fact to the trivia section. It might be important to anime fans:

 * On Leg 11 Detour, one of the addresses BJ & Tyler visited was the offices of Gonzo Animation, with its logo prominently shown when the team received their clue.

-上村七美 | talk 12:43, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Final Roadblock Count
Did Yolanda complete her 6th RB (the flag challenge) or did their team just skip that and went straight to the finish mat? --Madchester 16:12, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Yolanda mentioned to someone at TARCon (or SOMEWHERE, it eludes me right now), that they pulled a Weaver when they arrived at the last task and went ahead and skipped the Roadblock. --HansTAR 03:58, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

At TARCon, BJ & Tyler said they were mistakenly told they had completed the roadblock when in fact they had not. Someone caught the mistake and sent them back before they reached the finish line. TWOP posters have speculated that they mixed up the flags for Ireland and Italy. Feels like it should be mentioned but I'm not sure how to incorporate it. 68.227.185.167 20:09, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

The Route Map
Has anyone noticed that the route map hasn't been updated to include Thailand, Japan or Alaska? Is it simply because no one has gotten around to it yet?

T-TOW! -Alex 18:21, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Gothic Lolita in Detour??
''The Detour was Maiden or Messenger. In Maiden, teams had to transport a young Japanese woman in a traditional Japanese palanquin for 1/3 mile to a tea ceremony pavilion.''

I've visted a few cosplay discussion sites, and they are complaining about the 20 second exposure of Gothic Lolita on the show. I'm assuming that this is what their talking about. Does anyone have screenshots to prove this??--293.xx.xxx.xx 01:47, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Eric and Jeremy's maiden was a Gothic Lolita and Ray & Yolanda's was ko-gal (I think). I don't have a screenshot, but I have seen the show and I did see what they are talking about. - 上村七美 | talk 01:56, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Conflicting Prize Details
A trivia item says that E&J were unuable to attend the Da Vinci Code premiere in Cannes, but the Prizes section indicates they were going to attend the premiere in Hollywood. Which is correct?
 * The film "premiered" in Cannes instead. There was no Hollywood premiere, since screenings for the film were rather limited so that it's plot wouldn't be leaked. --Madchester 22:00, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Accuracy Regarding the Current Route Map
The Map we currently have has an error regarding the location of Thailand and Bangkok,See and. mouselmm 23:29, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The map is supposed to show countries visited, not the specific cities. If this wasn't your answer, then what's wrong with it?TeckWiz 23:57, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The map highlighted the southern part of Thailand with Burma Included. Thailand should not touch the Bengal Sea mouselmm 00:03, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

I've fixed it and reuploaded it. Tell me what you think. -- SmthManly  / ManlyTalk  / ManlyContribs  00:05, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I appreciate your effort SmthManly, however, the error still exists (I am picky on these things)
 * Thailand has a tiny strip of land to the south connecting with Malaysia, to the west it borders with Myanmar/Burma and does not border with neither Bangladesh or India. Referring to the map we have now, the strip to the south that's highlighted belongs to Thailand, no doubt, but the northern territory highlighted borders with India and seems to me it was suppose to be Myanmar/Burma. That's what I was talking about.
 * I apologize for my poor grammar in advance mouselmm 00:23, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I fixed that according to the map you provided. I had to close my browser to see the changes, I think the browser caches all images, try closing your browser (every window) and reopening it and see if it looks good, I did it exactly like the map of Thailand you provided. -- SmthManly  / ManlyTalk  / ManlyContribs  00:26, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Everything looked fine after I re-opened my browser, thanks a lot for your help SmthManly ^_^ mouselmm 00:30, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

 * No Problem! HIPPIES RULE!! --  SmthManly  / ManlyTalk  / ManlyContribs  00:32, 22 May 2006 (UTC)  P.S.  Sorry, Big TAR fane here.

TTOW
Does anyone have a definitive meaning for "TTOW" that BJ&Tyler shouted thoughout the race? I've heard anything from "circle of the universe" to "Good Times" as pronounced in Mandrin.Mutton 21:59, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * TTOW means "That's the only way"TeckWiz 22:59, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Do you have a source for that? Mutton 23:09, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I googled it and got a few pages with that. And if you want to check, get a myspace and ask Tyler or B.J. (even though they might not answer since they're probably getting tons of fan mail.TeckWiz 23:12, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Much obliged. Mutton 23:44, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Your welcome!TeckWiz 23:55, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Q. What does TTOW-- the catchphrase you spoke often -- mean?

Tyler: It's like the Chinese word for good time. It's our power call.

BJ: It's a word we like to say because we both have shirts that say TTOW that we bought when we were in China. It was the first time we traveled through a country together in 2002.

--Maxamegalon2000 20:25, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Tyler has officially answered this as of June 14 2006 on his Myspace blog:

the meaning of TTOW

Some say TTOW is what the Mung people in the villages of northern Vietnam sing to their newborns as they sleep. Others say it is a Szechwan spice used on wedding desserts in eastern Mongolia.

But for BJ and me TTOW was the word printed on shirts we bought in mainland China in 2002. It was just four letters at the time, but since then it has evolved into our power call. We yell TTOW during extreme moments, like jumping of bridges in Greece, skydiving over northern Australia, or running across finish lines in Denver Colorado.

KsprayDad 07:06, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

Filming dates inconsistent
The opening paragraph says "Filming ran from November 7, 2005 to December 3, 2005." but the infobox says "Filming dates	2005-11-07 – 2005-11-28". Which is correct? -- Barrylb 03:07, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

The return of Frankenberry
A particular editor continues to put Frankenberry in as a nickname though it has been removed 2 or 3 times. I have rewatched the episodes and do not here this nickname. From Google searching it seems to be a fan nickname and not one from the show...can we please have a definative on this? Can we please leave it out until someone can quote the episode/timestamp of when it is used? KsprayDad 06:55, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

Frosties
John and Scott did use this term to describe Lisa and Joni in the show (on the airport shuttle bus). Between that and, I think it makes sense to keep the nickname in. If anyone can find a link that specifically mentions that J+S did mention it on the bus, that would be preferred, but even without that I don't see any reason to remove the information. If you disagree, let's talk. JYolkowski // talk 21:44, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * John and Scott were only there for one leg, meaning it was only used once or twice. The nickname should be in the table if it was used by multiple teams and for more than a leg or two (the sisters themselves were only in it for two.) TeckWiz is 12 yrs oldTalk Contribs # of Edits 22:17, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Anyone else have an opinion either way? If someone else agrees with TeckWiz I don't mind removing it, but it can be kind of hard to reach consensus between only two editors (-:  JYolkowski // talk

Sicily
I'm just wondering why Sicily has its own flag. Isn't it just a state/province/whatever of Italy?174.1.48.24 (talk) 22:42, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

1st ever race using start line as finish line
Should i use this?: This was the first ever season in TAR to reuse the starting line as the finish line. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Singaporeandy (talk • contribs) 13:08, 12 January 2011 (UTC)

Sicily
I am reopening the debate here, I believe using Sicily is wrong. The reason being Sicily is a province/state/territory of the country and not independent at all. Even the show says Palermo, Italy on the island of Sicily. Intoronto1125 Talk Contributions  21:59, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Yeah, but no matter how much we argue, Ryulong is not going to let us change them.Shadow2 (talk) 22:27, 28 May 2012 (UTC)

Legs?
There is a new situation that Phil described Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow was actually the third Pit Stop? Therefore, Legs 3 and 4 are forming Superleg? Just as similar to TAR8 talk page I wrote, Phil had same description in the Pit Stop segment. ApprenticeFan work 08:52, 19 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Just because there's a Pit Stop (IE, the Mat), does not mean it's the end of the leg. As Phil repeatedly states, "The leg is not over". 174.1.50.249 (talk) 09:06, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

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Double-Length legs (by any other name) - 1 or 2 legs?
Before an editing spar happens, I would like for this issue to be cleared up first. Double-length legs is a game feature in TAR where teams proceed to the mat, thinking that they would check in (get a prize if first, possibly be eliminated if last). But instead, they are all handed a clue to either: We can't really rely on in-show script because they contradict themselves, e.g. "This leg is not over" versus the host saying that the race is a particular number of legs. Saying that the host just said this thing to avoid confusing teams on whether or not they are starting another leg, can easily be applied to the other possible confusion of counting how many legs there are. It also means that they didn't think of the sentence "The next leg of the Race starts right now" until years later.
 * continue the leg (essentially the host would just be a Clue box), or
 * start the next leg

Now, starting Season 18, this is no longer a problem. The Race has been 'standardized' to 12 legs each season, with some legs having zero-hour pit stops or No-break legs. So the issue comes from Seasons 6, 7, 8, 9, and 14, as well as concurrent seasons of other TAR versions prior to Season 18.

What we could look at is the structure of the seasons themselves. Season 5 had 13 legs. Then in Season 6, they were supposed to have 13 legs as well, but then Hungary's 'no begging allowed' policy came to light. Therefore a 'double-length leg' was created. From the name itself, it means "a leg that is twice as long as a normal leg" - this would lean towards being just 1 leg. But it does beg the question of "Where did the term 'double-length leg' come from?". Because I don't know.

One work-around this is to define a Pit Stop from this era to be "where a team could possibly be eliminated or given a non-elimination penalty". This means those in the double-length legs were fake Pit Stops, only dressed as Pit Stops to fake out teams and viewers. If we view this "fake Pit stops" as leg endpoints, then three (the one in Season 6, last leg of Season 8, and the one in Season 10) would not split into two legs. These three had no pit stop mat in the middle of the double-length leg. For consistency, I'd say that they should all be double-length, but counted-as-one legs.

Thoughts? Albertdaniel222 (talk) 08:05, 21 April 2019 (UTC)

 * Also: I don't think even the show doesn't really know what a leg is. In Season 25, they made a note of the fact that Leg 7 of that season was the 300th leg of the entire series. Though that number is a bit ... off. If all double-length legs are considered as 1 leg, then Season 25 Leg 7 would be the 297th. If they are all considered as two legs, then it's the 304th. But if only the ones with pit stop mats are considered separate legs, then it's the 301st leg. Albertdaniel222 (talk) 14:25, 21 April 2019 (UTC)

 * The three instances without a Pitstop mat on seasons 6, 8 (2nd) and 10 are each one [double-sized] leg, while the rest are two legs with a fake/virtual Pit-stop in the middle. They were 1 leg late on season 25.68.196.23.37 (talk) 05:18, 9 July 2019 (UTC)

 * I think they should be considered two legs due to the length although the argument from the previous guy's post has it's point since there is no specified dividing point. I like them being counted as 2 for simplicity and historical reasons ex. Leg 8 in season 6 is non-elimination (like in Seasons 1-5) if they are counted as two where as with the double leg being one it's labeled as Leg 7 making "Leg 8" elimination despite being the 9th equivalent leg. In season 7 equivalent Leg 8 ends with a virtual Pit-stop which means that Season 8 (Family Edition) has the 1st true equivalent Leg 8 elimination.

 * That said one thing I noticed at the starting line each season is Phil would say 13 legs on season 1-5 (and I think 11 based on Rob's overconfidence after leg 3 before his and Amber's infamous fall on leg 4), 11 legs on seasons 12&13 and 12 legs on seasons 15+ but on seasons 6-10&14 he said "the race is divided into" EITHER "many legs" OR "a number of legs" so either he didn't understand which they are or he said that for legal purposes to avoid any suing the show from a team that thought the race should have been a leg longer or shorter.
 * Maybe the previous anonymous user is correct and 2nd halves of those 3 non-mat divided double-legs as well as any legs later on seasons 6&10 (season 8 ended with it's non-mat divided double-leg so no other legs are effected there) should be specified as leg X equivalent for historical and length purposes but just the numbers would just count those doubles as 1 since there is no official middle marker just clues or a sign in on AOL (in the case on season 6) Aceee1 (talk) 23:12, 9 July 2019 (UTC)

 * Well we have three options: (1) all as two legs, (2) those with pit stop mats as two legs & others as one, and (3) all as one leg. For Option 1, the problem comes with the three instances with no pit stop mats - 6, 8(2nd), 10 - because they had no overt point of Leg A becoming Leg B (especially in season 6). For Option 2, the problem is it's dividing these few, very similar instances into two smaller groups. I think it's more helpful for the reader to know that back in this era, a "double-length leg" existed and it differs from the "zero-hour pit stop" that we have today. Sidenote: if I remember correctly, production really stuck to 12-hour intervals between legs. Nowadays, the rest-time really varies to fit into the production's tight filming schedule. I think it leaves Option 3 as the best one. Plus the inconsistencies & vagueness in Phil's script could be for (1) surprising the teams and the audience with twists, and (2) so that the teams and audience can better understand what is happening at the moment and not necessarily stating the absolute truth. For example, you kinda just have to pick between "This leg of the Race is not over" versus "11 surfboards for the prior 11 legs of the Race" in season 14. Honestly if we could just get one of the producers to say in an interview how they counted that 300th leg thing, this discussion would all be over. Albertdaniel222 (talk) 17:34, 10 July 2019 (UTC)

 * The 300th leg thing is wrong no matter which combo it is; if it's your combo it would be S25 leg 10, if all virtual pit stop and double-length legs divided into 2 would be S25 leg 3, all virtual pit stop legs count as 2 but double-length legs with no mat count as 1 S25 leg 6 and if all virtual pit stops were the middle of 1 leg (including S18+) along with double-length legs as 1 the 300th leg would be S27 leg 4 (which would combine legs 4 & 5 into one)

 * Seasons 7-9&14 will be soon updated to reflect the old double-length leg reference with the final leg of season 8 counting as 1 double-length leg (seasons 6&10 left alone) and those with pit stop mats announced as originally called 1 leg but now are split into 2.

 * The reverse argument would be that every virtual Pit stop should be the middle of 1 leg however Phil says 12 legs on every season starting with 15 including those with a virtual pit stop or two which means he would be lying on the leg numbers on most of seasons 18+. It seems too strange how some false pit stop mats can be the middle of one leg while others divide two.... then we have TAR Latin America which I haven't watched due to the language barrier however they have the same "1 leg virtual pit stop scenario" which mimics two legs during the final 3 of seasons 1-5 while season 6 has a regular non-elimination leg with no penalty. In some of those "double-legs" the 1st place team is awarded a prize, is a team really rewarded for being in the lead MIDWAY through a leg? I have to think if they said "the leg isn't over" it is the same mistake script to eliminate the no penalty question (while dropping the matter in season 6) while they really began a new leg. Then again things really get complicated beginning with season 3 where they have virtual pit stops outside of the final 3 that are marked as dividing two legs while still having a single final 3 leg listed as double-length despite another virtual pit stop. Another twist is how the virtual pit stops on Latin America outside the final 3 are not treated independent for last team procedures as some of them are actual elimination points and those that aren't penalize the last team with a speed bump.Aceee1 (talk) 07:38, 18 July 2019 (UTC)

 * I have updated seasons 7,8,9 & 14 as well as Asia 1&2 to show how legs with virtual or false Pit stops used to be considered 1 leg but are now 2 separate legs. I will make the same update to Latin America 1-5 since they also have virtual pit stop mats.Aceee1 (talk) 00:30, 19 July 2019 (UTC)

 * Latin America 1-5 are now updated and like the other seasons above reference that they used to be called double-length legs while the only 3 that still exist are on season 6, 8 (final leg) and 10.
 * BTW If the 300th leg episode had been 1 episode earlier it would be pretty simple.Aceee1 (talk) 05:49, 19 July 2019 (UTC)

 * Wow, So you've already changed all of those pages WITHOUT even reaching a consensus on the issue. You still didn't say a good reason to change it in the first place. Having them different tell us that those seasons are from a different era. A change in the leg system came much later on (season 18 & onward). It doesn't mean we erase what happened in the past just to fit it into the present. Albertdaniel222 (talk) 01:32, 27 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Hi there, I just asking if whether if the updates by Aceee1 (talk should be accepted; you said that there the consensus is not reached, and the terminology is not offical yet. I'm just curious, should we reconsider Aceee1's edits and until further notice, temporarily remove his edits; I do not find the text constructive (because of the italics and some other add-ons).(203.78.15.150 (talk) 08:31, 29 July 2019 (UTC))

title: Talk:The Amazing Race 9


text:
2001 in games

This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 2001. For video games, see 2001 in video gaming.

Games released in 2001
• Adventure! (role-playing game)

• Apples to Apples - Expansion Set #3

• Apples to Apples Kids

• Axis & Allies: Pacific

• Best of Tribond

• Buffy the Vampire Slayer Collectible Card Game

• Capitol

• Carcassonne - The River

• Chez Geek 3 - Block Party

• Chrononauts: Lost Identities

• Clobber

• Combat Assault Vehicle

• Cosmic Coasters

• Cranium Cadoo

• Cranium Cadoo Booster Box

• Deluxe G.E.V.

• DVONN

• Entdecker - Exploring New Horizons

• Evo

• Fairy Meat - Clockwork Stomp

• Fallout: Warfare

• Fluxx Blanxx

• Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting for the 3rd edition Dungeons & Dragons tabletop role-playing game.

• Formula Dé Circuit 33 - 10th Anniversary

• Frag

• Genso Suikoden Card Stories

• GIPF Project Set 1

• GIPF Project Set 2

• Girl Genius: The Works

• Grave Robbers From Outer Space

• Hacker: Deluxe Edition

• HackMaster (role-playing game)

• Harry Potter Trading Card Game

• Hive

• Illuminati: Brainwash (re-release)

• Imperium, 3rd Millennium

• Jedi Knights Trading Card Game

• John Prados' Third Reich

• Little Fears - The Role-playing Game of Childhood Terror

• Lord of the Rings - Friends & Foes Expansion

• The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game

• The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game

• Medina

• The Metabarons Roleplaying Game

• Munchkin

• NFL Showdown

• Ninja Burger (role-playing game)

• Palazzo Paletti

• Panzer Grenadier: Airborne

• Panzer Grenadier: Heroes of the Soviet Union: The Defense of Mother Russia 1942-43

• ReCharge Collectible Card Game

• Reminiscing:the Movie Edition

• Risk 2210 A.D.

• Scattergories Platinum Edition

• Star Fleet Battle Force

• Starfarers of Catan 5-6 Player Expansion

• Starship Catan

• Stratego: Legends - Celestial Vengeance

• Stratego: Legends - Qa'ans Resurgence

• Taboo Junior

• TransAmerica

• Twilight Imperium: Armada

• Twilight Imperium: Armada: Stellar Matter

• Twilight Imperium: Hope's End

• Unexploded Cow

• Villa Paletti

• Warangel Card Game

• Warhammer 40,000 Collectible Card Game

• Warlord: Saga of the Storm

• Weird Wars (role-playing game)

• Wyatt Earp

• Z-G (collectible card game)

• Zombies!!!

Game awards given in 2001

 * Spiel des Jahres: Carcassonne
 * Games: Evo

Significant gaming-related events in 2001

 * Mongoose Publishing founded.

title: 2001 in games


text:
Russ Gibb

Russel James Gibb (June 15, 1931 – April 30, 2019) was an American rock concert promoter, school teacher and disc jockey from Dearborn, Michigan, best known for his role in the "Paul is dead" phenomenon, a story he broke on radio station WKNR-FM in Dearborn, and as the owner of the Grande Ballroom, a major rock music venue in Detroit.

Education
Gibb graduated from Michigan State University, earning a degree in educational radio and television administration in 1953.

Teaching
Gibb began teaching elementary school English in the Dearborn School District in 1961. In 1976, he began teaching TV and video production at Dearborn High School. He retired in 2004, having spent 42 years teaching in the Dearborn public schools. For 16 years, he produced the student run cable video show Back Porch Video.

Disc jockey
Gibb started his broadcast career as a weekend TV floor manager at WWJ-TV in Detroit. He did some weekend disc jockey work for WBRB in Mount Clemens, Michigan. Then, he worked at WKMH.

Gibb worked as a disk jockey at WKNR-FM, when the station was transitioning from a Top 40 format to a hard rock format. His on air nickname was "Uncle Russ". On October 12, 1969, a caller to his show told Gibb about the "Paul is dead" rumor and its clues. The rumor had been circulating sporadically for two years, but had not yet attracted much attention. Gibb and other callers discussed the rumor on the air for the next hour. Two days after the WKNR broadcast, The Michigan Daily published a satirical review of Abbey Road by University of Michigan student Fred LaBour under the headline "McCartney Dead; New Evidence Brought to Light". It identified various clues to McCartney's death on Beatles album covers, including new clues from the just-released Abbey Road LP. As LaBour had invented many of the clues, he was astonished when the story was picked up by newspapers across the United States.

Gibb further fueled the rumor with a special two-hour program on the subject, "The Beatle Plot", which aired on October 19, 1969. This show has been called "infamous", a "fraud" and a "mockumentary". It brought enormous worldwide publicity to Gibb and WKNR.

Rock music promoter
In the early 1960s, Gibb supplemented his teaching income by producing weekend sock hops at a rented union hall under the name the Pink Pussycat.

In 1966, Gibb opened the Grande Ballroom in Detroit, and was a major player in the late 1960s and early 1970s Detroit music scene. He hired psychedelic poster artists Gary Grimshaw and Carl Lundgren to help promote his shows. Most major rock acts of that era performed at the Grande Ballroom, some many times. He closed the Grande Ballroom in 1972. He was instrumental in giving the MC5, Ted Nugent and Iggy Pop their start. The Grande Ballroom also was where The Who played their rock opera, Tommy, for the first time in the United States. Gibb also owned and leased other live music venues around the Midwest including the Eastown Theatre, Michigan Theater (where the New York Dolls played), and the Birmingham Palladium. He invested in the rock magazine Creem in 1969.

Gibb was one of the promoters of the Goose Lake International Music Festival in 1970, which attracted a crowd of 200,000 people.

Cable TV investor
In 1970, Gibb traveled to England and spent some time staying with Mick Jagger. He was impressed with Jagger's advanced home video system. This led to his interest in cable TV. Gibb bought the Dearborn, Michigan; Wayne, Michigan; and Grosse Pointe, Michigan cable licenses in the late 1970s. When he sold his interests in the 1980s, he became a millionaire.

The Bicentennial
During the administration of Gerald Ford, he worked on the United States Bicentennial Commission as the National Director of Youth and Education.

title: Russ Gibb


text:
Battle of Folck's Mill

The Battle of Folck's Mill, also known as the Battle of Cumberland, was a small cavalry engagement, fought August 1, 1864, in northern Maryland, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War.

After burning Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, on July 30, cavalry under Confederate generals John McCausland and Bradley T. Johnson set out for western Maryland towards Cumberland, to disrupt traffic on the Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Railroad and to demand a ransom from the town or torch it as well. At 3 p.m. on August 1, the Confederates arrived at Folck's Mill, east of Cumberland. There, Union Brig. Gen. Benjamin F. Kelley, with three regiments of untested "100-days" troops and six pieces of artillery, met the Confederate advance. As the Confederates arrived at the outskirts of town, Kelley's artillery fired on the cavalry. Lacking familiarity with the local terrain and the strength of the opposing force, McCausland decided against an assault and brought up his own artillery. The gunners from both armies dueled until about 8 p.m., at which point McCausland withdrew, heading southeast to Old Town on the Potomac River.

The following day the Confederates prepared to cross the Potomac and head into West Virginia but found the bridges over the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal had been burned by Col. Israel Stough and his regiment of 100-days troops. Stough deployed his force on the spit of land between the canal and river to contest the Confederate advance toward the river. After initially repulsing a charge by the Confederate cavalry, Stough was forced to retreat across the Potomac when the 21st Virginia successfully constructed a bridge and crossed the canal on his left flank. On the south bank of the river the Federals took cover in a blockhouse on the B&O Railroad and in an armored ordnance train operated by the Potomac Home Brigade that was stopped on the line. McCausland briefly considered an all out charge on the blockhouse, but then thought it wise to first demand its surrender. The Federals in the blockhouse agreed to the terms of surrender, and the Confederates crossed the river and headed to Springfield, West Virginia, where they rested until the 4th.

Although the action around Cumberland was tactically inconclusive, Kelley's stand likely saved the town from being burned and greater damage being inflicted on the railroads. The stubborn resistance of Stough at the Potomac represented the first time McCausland's force had been contested since burning Chambersburg.

Union Forces
Forces West of Sleepy Creek: Brigadier General Benjamin F. Kelley
 * 153rd Ohio National Guard: Colonel Israel Stough
 * 156th Ohio National Guard: Colonel Caleb Marker
 * 11th West Virginia Infantry, 4 Companies: Maj. J. L. Simpson
 * 1st Illinois Light Artillery, Battery L: Lt J. McAfee
 * 2nd Potomac Home Guard Maryland Infantry: Cpt Petrie

title: Battle of Folck's Mill


text: User:Pythagoras

title: User:Pythagoras


text: User talk:80.58.9.172

title: User talk:80.58.9.172


text:
Battle of Cool Spring

The Battle of Cool Spring, also known as Castleman's Ferry, Island Ford, Parker's Ford, and Snicker's Ferry, was a battle in the American Civil War fought July 17–18, 1864, in Clarke County, Virginia, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. The battle was a Confederate victory.

Background
After the Battle of Fort Stevens on July 11, a Union column, consisting of the VI Corps and elements of the XIX Corps under Maj. Gen. Horatio Wright, pursued Lt. Gen. Jubal Early's Army of the Valley northwestward as it withdrew from the environs of Washington, D.C., through Loudoun County, Virginia. On July 15, Wright's force was joined by elements of Brig. Gen. George Crook's command, which had accompanied Maj. Gen. David Hunter during his retreat through West Virginia following the Battle of Lynchburg on June 18.

After two brief engagements in Loudoun County at Heaton's Crossroads (present day Purcellville) and Woodgrove on July 16, Early's main force crossed west over the Blue Ridge Mountains at Snickers Gap and established themselves around Berryville. To cover his rear, Early left substantial rearguard forces at main river crossings of the Shenandoah River. On July 17, the Union cavalry passed westward through Snicker's Gap and unsuccessfully attempted to force passage of the river at Castleman's Ferry (Snicker's Ford).

The following day, Union Generals Crook and Wright arrived at Snicker's Gap and determined to attack what they mistakenly thought was a light picket line of Confederates along the river, left to cover Early's retreat up the Valley. Instead of allowing his cavalry to cross the river and reconnoiter the Confederate positions to confirm this assumption, he dispatched them to Ashby's Gap to attack Early's supply train, which was traveling to the south of Early's main army. Wright then developed a plan where a small Federal force would cross the river northward, downstream from the main crossing at Castleman's Ferry and flank the Confederate position. Gen. Crook assigned Col. Joseph Thoburn to this task.

Battle

At 3 p.m., Thoburn crossed the Shenandoah below Castleman's Ferry, at Judge Richard Parker's Ford, quickly driving off a small force of Confederate pickets. The pickets quickly alerted their commanders, Maj. Gens. John B. Gordon and John C. Breckinridge, of the Federal advance. Gordon responded by moving a division to the vicinity of the ford, using a small ridge that lay between him and the Federals to screen his movements. Breckinridge ordered Brig. Gen. Gabriel C. Wharton and Maj. Gen. Robert E. Rodes to the ford; they deployed along Gordon's left flank, with Wharton forming the center. Wharton's sharpshooters quickly drove back Thoburn's skirmishers who occupied a valley between the ridge on which the Confederates were lined and the high ground along the riverbank where the first of two federal lines was formed in front of a stone fence. A reserve line was located on the low sunken bank of the river behind the stone fence, well protected and concealed from the Confederates.

Around 6 p.m., Rodes attacked the main Federal position on the high ground along its right flank. The Federal line turned to meet the attack and exposed its left flank to enfilading fire from Gordon and Wharton. The line collapsed and untrained, unmounted cavalrymen from Col. Samuel B.M. Young's Provisional Brigade began the retreat over the stone wall and across the Shenandoah. About the time of the Federal retreat, Brig. Gen. James B. Ricketts arrived on the eastern bank of the river. Originally intended to reinforce Thoburn, Gen. Wright demurred with Thoburn's line in full retreat. As Rodes's men pressed the attack they came to the stone wall, whereupon the Federal reserve line opened up on the unsuspecting Confederates, driving them back towards the ridge. Throughout the remainder of the evening, Rodes sent small brigade-level attacks at the Federal position on the riverbank, but was unsuccessful in driving them across the river, because Thoburn was able to reinforce his right due to the lack of pressure on his left by Gordon and Wharton. After sunset, Thoburn retired the rest of his force across the river.

Aftermath
The battle was a Confederate victory. Wright had sent a small force against a well reinforced Confederate position without the aid of cavalry because he mistakenly assumed it was only the pickets of Early's rearguard. Thoburn's force paid dearly for the mistake. West Virginia militia Col. Daniel E. Frost, speaker of the House of Delegates of the Restored Government of Virginia, who had taken command of the embattled troops in Snicker's Gap, received what became a mortal abdominal wound. Still, Thoburn's judicious use of terrain and lack of coordination on the Confederate side allowed Thoburn to stave off a full routing of his troops and thus minimize his casualties. The following day both armies remained in the same positions as the night before and engaged in little fighting. Gen. Hunter, however, took the initiative and sent a force out from Harpers Ferry to pressure Early's position from the north, causing the Confederates to withdraw from Berryville the following day and setting in motion the Valley Campaigns of 1864.

Battlefield preservation
The Cool Spring Battlefield was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its federal, state and local partners have helped save 1,226 acres of the battlefield, preserved by easement agreements with Holy Cross Abbey and Shenandoah University. Since 2013, the university has helped protect the preserved land. One hundred ninety-five acres of the battlefield are known as the Shenandoah River Campus at Cool Spring Battlefield - an outdoor classroom for the university and the general public.

Literature
In his 1952 memoir Witness, Whittaker Chambers relates an anecdote about his maternal grandfather, Charles Whittaker (1840–1899) of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, son of a Scottish immigrant. As a teenager, Whittaker had run away from home to join the Union Army. Due to his age, only a "convict regiment" stationed in Harper's Ferry would accept him. During the engagement at Snicker's Gap, Whittaker's regiment had to cross the enemy line under fire: One man became so nervous that he jumped from behind my grandfather, whose body was protecting him, in front of my grandfather and was instantly shot dead. That was in my mind when I used to say sometimes to nervous friends during the Hiss Case, "Let's not jump out of line."

title: Battle of Cool Spring