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Inferno (1953 film)

Inferno is a 1953 American thriller drama starring Robert Ryan, William Lundigan and Rhonda Fleming, directed by Roy Ward Baker. It was shot in Technicolor and shown in 3-D, with stereophonic sound.

Plot
When millionaire industrialist Donald Carson III breaks his leg during a trip through the Mojave Desert, his wife Gerry and her lover, mining engineer Joe Duncan, tell him they will seek medical aid. They deliberately don't return, however, hoping Carson will perish while he is stranded in the desert. He vows to survive in order to exact revenge on his adulterous wife and her accomplice, who have flown to Carson's mansion in Los Angeles while waiting for him to either succumb to the desert heat, or commit suicide. Instead, Carson fashions a splint for his leg, which allows him to limp down the rocks where he was abandoned and make his way through the desert. He successfully digs a well and shoots a deer, making strips of dried meat that last several days.

Law-enforcement officers had hoped to find the missing Carson, but, after several unsuccessful attempts, decide to call off further search efforts. Joe is getting nervous though; to make sure Carson is dead, he flies a small plane over the area and spots the remnants of a fire. Suspecting Carson is still alive, Joe and Gerry drive back into the desert to look for him and finish him off if necessary. Joe discovers Carson still limping through the desert; he is about to shoot him when an old prospector called Elby, driving a jalopy, encounters Carson and gives him a ride back to his shack. On returning to his own car, Joe finds that in her haste to leave him, Gerry has accidentally driven his car over a large rock, rupturing the oil pan. The damage makes it impossible for them to drive out of the desert. Joe sees a pair of binoculars on the car seat and he suddenly realizes that her real intention when she moved the car was to abandon both him and her husband. Joe walks away, leaving Gerry to fend for herself.

That evening at his shack, Elby prepares a supper for Carson, who confesses to his rescuer that although revenge is what sustained him, the treachery of his wife and her lover no longer seem important. As Elby goes outside to his well for water, he is knocked out by Joe, who spotted the light emanating from his shack. Joe shoots at Carson, but misses. The two men engage in a desperate, brutal fist-fight inside the shack. A toppled stove causes the shack to catch fire. With both men barely conscious, Elby comes to just in time to drag Carson to safety while Joe perishes in the blaze. The next day, as Elby is driving Carson to the nearest town, they spy Gerry walking alone on a long, remote stretch of desert road. Elby stops his car beside her and Carson calmly tells her that she can either wait for the authorities to find her, or ride into town with them. She reluctantly climbs onto the back of the car and the car continues down the road.

Cast

 * Robert Ryan as Donald Whitley Carson III
 * Rhonda Fleming as Geraldine Carson
 * William Lundigan as Joseph Duncan
 * Larry Keating as Dave Emory
 * Henry Hull as Sam Elby
 * Carl Betz as Lt. Mike Platt
 * Robert Burton as Sheriff
 * Robert Adler as Ken, Ranch Hand
 * Harry Carter as Deputy Fred Parks
 * Everett Glass as Mason, Carson's Butler
 * Adrienne Marden as Emory's Secretary
 * Barbara Pepper as Waitress
 * Charles Tannen as voice of police radio broadcaster
 * Dan White as Lee, Ranch Hand

Production
Inferno was 20th Century Fox's first 3-D film.

Release
The 2-D version of the film was released on October 8, 1953.

Critical response
When the film was released, The New York Times gave the film a positive review and lauded the direction of the picture and the acting, writing,

"[A]s fragmentary realism the picture rings true and persuasive. Mr. Ryan's portrayal of the gritty, determined protagonist is, of course, a natural. Miss Fleming, one of Hollywood's coolest, prettiest villainesses, knows how to handle literate dialogue, which, in this case, she shares."

In a positive review, Time Out Film Guide called the film, "A tight and involving essay in suspense which works on the ingenious idea of leaving the audience alone in the desert with an unsympathetic and selfish character," and noted the finer aspects of the 3-D film, writing,

"Inferno was one of the best and last movies to be made in 3-D during the boom in the early '50s. Certainly its use of space emphasized the dramatic possibilities of 3-D and reveals, as more than one person has observed, that the device had largely been squandered in other films made at the time."

Film critic Dennis Schwartz liked the film and wrote,

"Inferno loses something when not seen in 3-D as intended when released, nevertheless it remains as a taut survival thriller. It makes good use of 3-D, in fact it does it better than most other such gimmicky films ... The desert photography by Lucien Ballard is stunning."

Revival screenings
On February 1, 2013, Inferno was shown in digital 3-D in a double feature with Man in the Dark (1953) in the Noir City Film Festival at the Castro Theater in San Francisco.

Home media
Inferno has been made available on Hulu in anaglyph 3D (not its native format), and was released as a 3D Blu-ray disc in the UK by Panamint, and in the United States by Twilight Time.

Remake
Inferno was remade for television in 1973 as Ordeal, with Arthur Hill in the Robert Ryan part and Diana Muldaur and James Stacy as his would-be murderers.

title: Inferno (1953 film)


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User:Stbalbach/CoolStuff

 * User KF - excellent "spoilers" of many works of literature.
 * User George - many good articles.
 * WikiReader

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Stbalbach/CoolStuff


text:
Nonsymmetric gravitational theory

In theoretical physics, the nonsymmetric gravitational theory (NGT) of John Moffat is a classical theory of gravitation that tries to explain the observation of the flat rotation curves of galaxies.

In general relativity, the gravitational field is characterized by a symmetric rank-2 tensor, the metric tensor. The possibility of generalizing the metric tensor has been considered by many, including Albert Einstein and others. A general (nonsymmetric) tensor can always be decomposed into a symmetric and an antisymmetric part. As the electromagnetic field is characterized by an antisymmetric rank-2 tensor, there is an obvious possibility for a unified theory: a nonsymmetric tensor composed of a symmetric part representing gravity, and an antisymmetric part that represents electromagnetism. Research in this direction ultimately proved fruitless; the desired classical unified field theory was not found.

In 1979, Moffat made the observation that the antisymmetric part of the generalized metric tensor need not necessarily represent electromagnetism; it may represent a new, hypothetical force. Later, in 1995, Moffat noted that the field corresponding with the antisymmetric part need not be massless, like the electromagnetic (or gravitational) fields.

In its original form, the theory may be unstable, although this has only been shown in the case of the linearized version.

In the weak field approximation where interaction between fields is not taken into account, NGT is characterized by a symmetric rank-2 tensor field (gravity), an antisymmetric tensor field, and a constant characterizing the mass of the antisymmetric tensor field. The antisymmetric tensor field is found to satisfy the equations of a Maxwell–Proca massive antisymmetric tensor field. This led Moffat to propose metric-skew-tensor-gravity (MSTG), in which a skew symmetric tensor field postulated as part of the gravitational action.

A newer version of MSTG, in which the skew symmetric tensor field was replaced by a vector field, is scalar–tensor–vector gravity (STVG). STVG, like Milgrom's Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), can provide an explanation for flat rotation curves of galaxies.

In 2013, Hammond showed the nonsymmetric part of the metric tensor was shown to be equal to the torsion potential, a result following the metricity condition, that the length of a vector is invariant under parallel transport. In addition, the energy momentum tensor is not symmetric, and both the symmetric and nonsymmetric parts are those of a string.

title: Nonsymmetric gravitational theory


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Madman Entertainment

'''Madman Entertainment Pty. Ltd., also known as Madman Films''', is an Australian distribution and rights management company headquartered in East Melbourne, Victoria, specialising in feature films, documentaries and television series across theatrical and home entertainment formats in Australia and New Zealand.

Early history
Madman Entertainment was founded in 1996 by Tim Anderson and Paul Wiegard as a mail order business specialising in imported anime titles, after following the success of Manga Entertainment in the United States and the United Kingdom. Originally selling titles on VHS, the company became the second Australian distributor to author DVDs in-house, with the 1995 film Ghost in the Shell being their first DVD release. In 1998, Madman began airing anime on television, with Neon Genesis Evangelion airing on SBS TV.

Madman manages the distribution of live-action titles through its labels Madman Films, Directors Suite, Madman Sports, Madman Laughs, Madman Television, Bollywood Masala and Eastern Eye as well as children's entertainment through its Planet Mad and Mad4Kids labels. Madman also has a theatrical distribution arm called Madman Cinema. In addition, the company distributes programmes acquired or produced by Australia's Special Broadcasting Service (and newly, titles from WWE in Australasia, thus replacing Shock Entertainment ) on DVD and Blu-ray. Until 2005, Madman was also the distributor for film distributor Umbrella Entertainment.

Acquisition by Funtastic Limited
On 1 May 2006, Madman Group was purchased by Funtastic Limited for A$34.5 million, in order to acquire the media rights to titles for which Funtastic held the toy rights. Madman founders Tim Anderson and Paul Wiegard also signed an employment agreement upon the acquisition, remaining on Madman's board of directors.

In 2007, Madman began a licensing agreement to release original Cartoon Network and Adult Swim series on DVD in Australia and New Zealand. Madman also programmed Adult Swim's anime block in the two countries until Cartoon Network Australia dropped its entire Adult Swim lineup on January 1, 2008.

On 23 February 2008, Madman announced that it had reached a distribution deal with Viz Media to distribute Viz Media's manga titles in Australia and New Zealand. The distribution deal ended in April 2016, with Simon & Schuster taking over distribution of Viz's catalogue, and Madman Entertainment ceasing distribution of all manga titles.

At the 2008 Supanova Pop Culture Expo, Madman announced plans to explore new distribution methods. Madman launched the Madman Screening Room, a video on demand streaming service, with School Rumble being the first title on the platform. Madman also began releasing Blu-ray Disc titles, starting with The Transformers: The Movie in June 2009. On 1 June 2009, Madman Entertainment produced an English adaption of Tamagotchi: The Movie, a 2007 film based on the Tamagotchi digital pets from Bandai and WiZ. Madman also intended to dub the film's sequel, Tamagotchi: Happiest Story in the Universe!, but the dub was cancelled for unknown reasons.

In April 2008, the company announced a collaboration with British company Warp Films. Warp and Madman plan to make "at least two films together over the next three years, starting with Tyrannosaur."

Independent company
On 4 March 2014, Funtastic Limited announced its intention to sell Madman Entertainment due to Madman's market value being half of its carrying value. On 31 July 2014, original founders Tim Anderson and Paul Wiegard, along with a small group of investors, purchased Madman Entertainment from Funtastic for A$21 million.

In April 2017, Madman Media Group announced it had purchased Garage Entertainment from SurfStitch Group for "a nominal cash consideration", acquiring Garage Entertainment Pty. Ltd. and TMG Media Pty. Ltd., with Madman and SurfStitch agreeing to negotiate a strategic partnership for content development and advertising services.

Sale of Madman Anime Group and further film development
On 17 February 2018, Madman co-founder & CEO Tim Anderson confirmed that on 15 November 2017, Sony Music Entertainment Japan subsidiary Aniplex had become a minority shareholder in Madman's anime business, Madman Anime Group, and was issued an undisclosed number of shares.

On 23 May 2018, it was revealed that investors Adrian MacKenzie, Brett Chenoweth, and Charbel Nader were examining options to sell the Madman Media business, or bring in another investor, after PwC Australia conducted a strategic review, with Madman being valued around A$50 million.

On 6 February 2019, Madman Entertainment sold Madman Anime to Aniplex for A$35 million.

On 13 February 2020, it was announced that Madman Entertainment, Curzon, and Cinéart partnered to launch a US$1.6 million film development fund for three years. The partnership provides the companies first look options for distribution, and is expected to back 16 projects. The Curzon CM Development Fund is operated from Curzon's London offices, and its first projects include Swimming Home, Sweet Maddie Stone, and The Ballad of a Small Player.

On 11 July 2023, APRA AMCOS filed a lawsuit against Madman streaming services DocPlay and Garage Entertainment, claiming the two services had failed to pay for licences for the use of music on platforms' titles. This proceedings settled swiftly with DocPlay and Garage becoming among the first streaming services to reach agreement with APRA AMCOS for the ongoing payment of music fees.

DocPlay
DocPlay is a video-on-demand streaming service dedicated to streaming documentaries. The serviced was launched by Madman Entertainment on 1 December 2016 as a subscription-only service, and included 130 documentary titles, with 20 Australian titles.

On 29 November 2016, it was announced that Madman Entertainment were the recipients of Screen Australia's Enterprise funding program, with Madman launching DocPlay to allow for a revenue-sharing model for filmmakers of documentaries on the platform. The funding also allowed for DocPlay to acquire and stream Australian documentaries on the service.

On 23 July 2019, DocPlay reached a content agreement with ABC Commercial to expand DocPlay's content by adding 180 hours of factual content from ABC's library onto the service. The deal included locally produced content, as well as content from New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

title: Madman Entertainment


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Talk:Talon News

Thank you
Thank you for diving in and cleaning this mess up, Kingturtle. I didn't know where to begin. Moncrief 05:17, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)

GOPUSA
Does GOPUSA warrant its own article? What does everyone think? I'd write up something for it, but I'd hate to have it VfD'd. (It does seem pretty small potatoes; it's only claim to fame is being part of the Gannon/Talon news controversy). T IMBO  ( T A L K )  18:23, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

More needs to be discussed on the Johnny Gosch connection.

Demise of TalonNews.com and JeffGannon.com
Just curious, I did a quick look via Archive.org and noticed that BOTH domains ( TalonNews.com and JeffGannon.com ) had archived contents starting around the same time ( Spring 2003 ) and ending around the same time ( April 2005 ) ... Does anyone know if either Gannon, or Talon News, have a new "web presence" that picked up on or around the "ending" time found above?

FYI:

http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.talonnews.com/

http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.jeffgannon.com/

PS: above poster, you're correct re. Gannon/Guckert/(Gosch?) -- see http://www.google.com/search?q=Franklin+Gannon+Gosch+Hunter

Return of TalonNews.com
The new TalonNews seems to be satire. For example,

"I can ignore my own orders," said Cheney, apparently forgetting that George Bush issued the orders. "Besides, we hardly use records at the Veep's office anymore; we've switched over to CDs."

Furthermore, Whois records show that the domain is registered by proxy, while other GopUSA sites are not. SerialJaywalker 01:00, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

NPOV
I tagged this article because a great deal of sources are MediaMaters, itself a biased "news" outlet, albeit biased the other way. It needs sources from mainstream media. 69.221.160.190 (talk) 04:28, 16 December 2007 (UTC)
 * agreed, I was just about to do the same —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.79.6.49 (talk) 01:49, 11 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm adding NYTimes references as well as links to the Internet Archive; for now I left in the MM refs since MM was the original source and the article has sentences like "According to Media Matters" —EqualRights (talk) 14:35, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Talon News. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:Talon News


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Extelligence

Extelligence is a term coined by Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen in their 1997 book Figments of Reality. They define it as the cultural capital that is available to us in the form of external media (e.g. tribal legends, folklore, nursery rhymes, books, videotapes, CD-ROMs, etc.)

They contrast extelligence with intelligence, or the knowledge and cognitive processes within the brain. Furthermore, they regard the 'complicity' of extelligence and intelligence as fundamental to the development of consciousness in evolutionary terms for both the species and the individual. 'Complicity' is a combination of complexity and simplicity, and Cohen and Stewart use it to express the interdependent relationship between knowledge-inside-one's-head and knowledge-outside-one's-head that can be readily accessed.

Although Cohen's and Stewart's respective disciplines are biology and mathematics, their description of the complicity of intelligence and extelligence is in the tradition of Jean Piaget, Belinda Dewar and David A. Kolb. Philosophers, notably Popper, have also considered the relation between subjective knowledge (which he calls world 2), objective knowledge (world 1) and the knowledge represented by man-made artifacts (world 3).

One of Cohen and Stewart's contributions is the way they relate, through the idea of complicity, the individual to the sum of human knowledge. From the mathematics of complexity and game theory, they use the idea of phase space and talk about extelligence space. There is a total phase space (intelligence space) for the human race, which consists of everything that can be known and represented. Within this there is a smaller set of what is known at any given time. Cohen and Stewart propose the idea that each individual can access the parts of the extelligence space with which their intelligence is complicit.

In other words, there has to be, at some level, an appreciation of what is out there and what it means. Much of this 'appreciation' falls into the category of tacit knowledge and social and cultural learning. As an example, a dictionary may contain definitions of many words, but only some subset of those definitions might be understood by any particular reader.

title: Extelligence


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Caves of Mars Project

The Caves of Mars Project was an early 2000s program funded through Phase II by the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts to assess the best place to situate the research and habitation modules that a human mission to Mars would require. The final report was published in mid 2004.

Description
Caves and other underground structures, including Martian lava tubes, canyon overhangs, and other Martian cavities would be potentially useful for crewed missions, for they would provide considerable shielding from both the elements and intense solar radiation to which a Mars mission would expose astronauts. They might also offer access to minerals, gases, ices, and any subterranean life that the crew of such a mission would probably be searching for.

The program also studied designs for inflatable modules and other such structures that would aid the astronauts to build a livable environment for humans and other Eartian creatures.

Summary of final report
The final report, Human Utilization Of Subsurface Extraterrestrial Environments, is divided into 10 parts.

Project Summary
Section 1 summarizes the entire project and claims that "This project developed a revolutionary system to exploit the novel idea of extraterrestrial cave use" and explaining that two experiments or "Missions" were tested to gather data.

Introduction
Section 2 addresses the question of "why caves [for martian research bases]?" and provides a variety of different answers to the advantages of using caves as a foothold in Martian exploration such as: This section also contains some speculation on the existence and locations of such caves and what types of caves exist on Mars however it is largely outdated by newer research such as the HiRISE and THEMIS missions.
 * It is surmised that atmosphere temperature variations are less experienced in caves than on the surface of Mars.
 * Caves protect lifeforms and equipment from harmful solar and galactic radiation.
 * Caves protect from dust storms and micrometeorite impacts.
 * Exploring caves is a key scientific interest as it makes it easy to study the geology, history, and possible presence of life on Mars without heavy excavation equipment.
 * The ability of pressurizing caves to make them more habitable to human lifeforms.
 * Allows the easy extraction of subsurface materials such as ice and minerals.

Enabling Technologies Identification
Section 3 analyses a number of Innovations necessary for the utilization and assigns them a Technology Readiness Level. For example, the innovation "Foamed-in-place Airlocks" are assigned a TRL of 5, while the "Inert Pressurization of Caves" is assigned a TRL of 2.

Essential Tasks Identification
Section 4 describes the steps necessary for cave habitation. These are: The publication discusses each of these topics in detail and highlights the novel idea of using luminescent bacteria as a lighting backup solution and suggests lighting the habitat using "light piping" technology. The article also discusses skylights and radiation proof glass at length however this is probably due to the lack of advanced solar panels and LED lighting technology available during the publication in 2000.
 * Finding extraterrestrial caves
 * Protecting the scientific environment inside of a cave
 * Dealing with the dark (providing lighting solutions for the interior of the habitats)
 * Cave Life support

Demonstration Missions
Section 5 contains information on the "Mouse Mission to Inner Space" (MOMIS) and the Human equivalent, "HUMIS". The idea was to develop preliminary versions of some aspects of a Mars cave habitat such as using argon breathing mixtures and other new life support systems on mouse test subjects. The MOMIS experiment has successfully completed multiple runs however the HUMIS experiment was deemed out of the scope of the investigation and although efforts were made to find test sites, the work done was reflected in a "Cave Astrobiology" exploration-level class at Penn State College during the spring semester of 2004.

Technology Trials
Section 6 covers the different technology tests performed.

First, inflatable habitats were investigated to provide a "shirtsleeve indoor environment" for the astronauts. The article further suggests that if the cave's cross sectional surface area is properly sized, an inflatable cave liner could be placed in the cave and inflated requiring no additional support systems. The article then suggests using a dual-liner system in which an outer liner provides a surface against the cave surface and a pressure seal and an inner liner provides a habitat for the astronauts. Machinery and life support systems could be placed in between the redundant liners. The report also outlines methods of folding, manufacturing, transporting, replacing, and inflating these liners.

Another main topic of this section is the "foamed in place" airlocks. These are designed to be shape-conforming to highly irregular openings along with easy to deploy and leak tight. Their final proposed system is an airlock unit with multiple extending telescoping legs to all of the cave walls. The space between the airlocks and the cave walls are then filled with hardening, spray-able, airtight foam.

Next, the report outlines methods by which an inert pressure atmosphere could be created by pressurizing the gasses present on Mars, particularly Argon. This would allow human scientists only to wear breathing apparatuses and not require full pressure suits. It is suggested that cavernous spaces not be filled with oxygen or other reactive gasses as this would nullify any potential scientific value of the cave along with potentially being harmful to the humans breathing in the atmosphere inside.

Finally, this section covers a system that would allow communication networks inside caves. This was also tested in a real cave (Robertson's Cave) and future modifications are suggested for increasing bandwidth and signal strength.

Planetary Protection Protocol Development
Section 7 covers the development of a Planetary Protection Protocol and highlights its importance when exploring martian caves and suggests using "sterilized micro-robots" to perform exploration and science.

Education and Outreach
Section 8 contains information on the spinoff science-fair experiments generated from this report and the other outreach impacts that this report and creating it had. This section also outlines educational activities for schools such as a "Find the lava tube activity" and "The Masternauts Program".

Conclusions and references
Sections 9 and 10 conclude the report and cite references for further reading.

Results
The project showed crickets and mice could breathe argon mixtures for extended periods without apparent problems.

The project produced many educational materials, made available through its outreach initiative.

Demonstrated wireless communications within limestone cave system.

title: Caves of Mars Project


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Zarand, Iran

Zarand is a city in the Central District of Zarand County, Kerman province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 54,745 in 12,992 households. The following census in 2011 counted 57,749 people in 15,461 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 60,370 people in 16,722 households.

Location
The city of Zarand is about 75 km northwest of the provincial capital of Kerman. Southwest of Tehran, Iran, halfway between Tehran and Saveh, there is a plain also called Zarand.

A crater on Mars is named after this city.

Earthquakes
On 22 February 2005, a major earthquake killed hundreds of residents in the city of Zarand and several nearby villages in north Kerman province.

title: Zarand, Iran


text:
Germán Burgos

Germán Adrián Ramón Burgos (born 16 April 1969), nicknamed El Mono Burgos, is an Argentine retired professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper, currently a manager.

During his 15-year senior career, he played for Ferro Carril Oeste, River Plate, Mallorca and Atlético Madrid, the latter two clubs in Spain. He was an Argentine international from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s.

After retiring, Burgos worked as assistant coach at several teams under his compatriot Diego Simeone, most notably Atlético Madrid whom they joined in 2011.

Club
Born in Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Burgos started playing professionally with Ferro Carril Oeste. In 1994, he signed with Argentine Primera División giants River Plate where he was dubbed Mono (monkey) because of his height and disheveled appearance, going on to win several titles during his spell, notably the 1994 Apertura where his team did not lose one single match.

Burgos moved abroad in July 1999, joining Spain's Mallorca. During his two-year spell in the Balearic Islands, he played understudy to compatriot Leo Franco. On 27 November 1999, he was suspended for eleven games for punching Espanyol player Manolo Serrano in a match played the previous week, in an action that eluded the referee but was caught on camera.

In the 2001–02 season, Burgos signed with Atlético Madrid, with the capital club in the Segunda División. He had his best year in the country in an eventual return to La Liga after a two-year absence, but appeared less in the following two campaigns, retiring at the end of 2003–04 aged 35.

Burgos was remembered for his performance in a Madrid derby against Real Madrid in the first season back in the top flight of the Colchoneros, in which he saved Luís Figo's penalty kick with his nose, causing a bloody injury; he played on, and his side eventually scored an equaliser to earn a 2–2 draw.

International
Burgos earned 35 caps for Argentina over seven years. He was second choice at both the 1998 and 2002 FIFA World Cups, backing up Carlos Roa in the former tournament and Pablo Cavallero four years later.

Burgos was the starter in the latter half of the qualifying campaign for the 2002 World Cup (unseating Roberto Bonano) and it was generally expected that he would be the first choice in the finals, but manager Marcelo Bielsa ultimately chose Cavallero.

Coaching career
In 2010, after working with Alcorcón as a goalkeeping coach, Burgos started his managerial career also in Spain, with amateurs Carabanchel. In the following years, he worked as assistant to former club and country teammate Diego Simeone at Catania, Racing Club de Avellaneda and Atlético Madrid.

Burgos became the first coach in the world to use Google Glass during a competitive game, in April 2014 against Getafe. After Simeone was sent to the stands by the referee in the first leg of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League semi-finals against Arsenal, and was therefore suspended for the second leg and the final after Atlético advanced, he took charge of the team as they defeated Marseille.

With Simeone still suspended, Burgos took over again when Atlético faced Real Madrid in the 2018 UEFA Super Cup, won 4–2 in Estonia. Unable to reach an agreement with the board, he announced his intention to leave at the end of the 2019–20 season.

Burgos was handed his first job as a head coach at the professional level on 14 March 2021, when he signed a contract until the end of the year at Newell's Old Boys with the option to renew it for a further season. He joined midway through the Copa de la Liga Profesional, and his side earned ten points from their remaining eight games, finishing bottom of Zone B. More significantly, they failed to advance from their group in the Copa Sudamericana, and after the conclusion of both tournaments he left by mutual consent.

On 22 February 2022, Burgos replaced Akis Mantzios at the helm of Aris in the Super League Greece.

Personal life
Outside football, Burgos was also a musician, having started his career while still an active player. He acted as the frontman of rock band The Garb.

Burgos was successfully treated for cancer in 2003.

Controversies
On 11 April 2024, Burgos was let go from his position as a sports commentator for Spanish TV broadcaster Movistar Plus+ for controversial remarks about Barcelona player Lamine Yamal. As the latter was seen juggling with a ball, the former reportedly stated that if Yamal's football career did not go well, "he could end up at a traffic light." Burgos later apologised for his comment, one that contributed to fuel the debate surrounding racism in Spanish football at the time.

Honours
River Plate
 * Argentine Primera División: Apertura 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999; Clausura 1997
 * Copa Libertadores: 1996
 * Supercopa Sudamericana: 1997

Atlético Madrid
 * Segunda División: 2001–02

title: Germán Burgos


text:
Spyros Markezinis

Spyridon "Spyros" Markezinis (or Markesinis; Σπυρίδων Μαρκεζίνης; 22 April 1909 – 4 January 2000) was a Greek politician, longtime member of the Hellenic Parliament, and briefly the Prime Minister of Greece during the aborted attempt at metapolitefsi (democratization) of the Greek military regime in 1973.

Early political life
Spyros Markezinis was born in Athens, a scion of an old wealthy family of Santorini, who were at some time given the title marchesini (i.e., "little Marquesses") during Venetian rule. He earned degrees in Law and Political Science at the University of Athens, and entered private law practice. In 1936, he was appointed counsel to King George II, a capacity in which he served until 1946. The outbreak of World War II and Greece's occupation by Nazi Germany forced the King to flee the country, while Markezinis remained to fight as part of the resistance militias.

Markezinis was elected in the Parliament (the ) during the 1946 elections as a member of the United Nationalist Party from the Cyclades. Shortly thereafter, he left the party and founded the New Party, the second of many parties under which he would serve. The New Party won 2.5% of the vote in the 1950 parliamentary elections, enough for a single seat (held by Andreas Stratos) in the new parliament.

Economic reform
In 1949, Markezinis was appointed Minister Without Portfolio, but was effectively assigned control over the government's economic policy, coordinating the activities of the various economic ministries. Upon the election of long-time ally Marshal Alexandros Papagos as Prime Minister in 1952, Markezinis's effective position as minister of finance was further strengthened.

In April 1953, Markezinis orchestrated a 50% devaluation of the Greek drachma vis-à-vis the US dollar, concurrently curbing import restrictions. Markezinis’s effective monetary policies are credited for boosting exports and consumer demand, as well as for curtailing inflation and the balance of trade deficit. Markezinis was considered at the time as a possible successor in the party leadership and premiership in the event of Marshal Papagos's retirement.

Later parliamentary positions
Papagos died in 1955. He was succeeded by neither Markezinis (whose relations with the Marshal had become tense) nor by other heirs apparent (such as Panagiotis Kanellopoulos nor Stephanos Stephanopoulos), but by Konstantinos Karamanlis, a junior minister who was appointed by King Paul to form a new government. Karamanlis managed to gather the support of nearly all the MPs of Marshal Papagos's party, and eventually formed the conservative National Radical Union (ERE). In the same year, Markezinis founded the Progressive Party, but failed to win seats in the 1956 elections. Markezinis’s Party eventually won a seat in parliament in the 1958 elections. In 1961, he was re-elected in coalition with the Center Union, as well as in 1964, in coalition with the National Radical Union. Years of political turmoil ensued, and culminated in a military coup on 21 April 1967, orchestrated by Georgios Papadopoulos, which resulted in a 7-year military regime.

Premiership under the dictatorship
In 1973, the predominantly royalist Hellenic Navy staged an abortive attempt to overthrow the military regime. Junta strongman Papadopoulos retaliated by deposing the already self-exiled King Constantine II, and appointing himself President of the Republic further to a controversial referendum.

In face of growing difficulties with the economy, popular dissent and increasing diplomatic isolation, the Greek junta was seeking ways for a transition to some form of parliamentary rule. Papadopoulos sought support from the old political establishment, and Markezinis accepted to undertake the mission to help lead the country back to parliamentary rule in a process that was called metapolitefsi.

In September 1973, he was appointed by Papadopoulos as Prime Minister of Greece, with the task to lead Greece to parliamentary rule. He accepted the task, subject to a commitment by Papadopoulos to curtail any military interference. Papadopoulos proceeded to abolish martial law, and eased censorship of the press. Free elections were promised, in which political formations including part of the traditional left-of-centre were expected to participate.

However, the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), banned since the civil war, and United Democratic Left (EDA), the party which mostly fronted for KKE during the years of democratic rule, were not expected to be re-legitimised or allowed to participate. In any case, most leading politicians of the old guard refused to participate in any contacts with the ruling junta, insisting on an unconditional and immediate reinstatement of democratic rule.

In November 1973, the Athens Polytechnic uprising broke out. The student protests in front of the Polytechnic evolved into a clearly political, quite vocal and rather widespread, albeit peaceful, rebellion against the dictatorship. After approximately three days and nights of continuous mass gatherings in front of the Polytechnic, the protests were put down by force, through the use of tanks and army units which stormed the building during the night of 17 November. On 25 November, Taxiarkhos Dimitrios Ioannides used the events as a pretext to stage a countercoup that overthrew Papadopoulos. Ioannidis arrested Markezinis, cancelled the elections, and fully reinstated martial law. His regime crumbled in July 1974, after the coup against Makarios III by the Greek junta of Ioannidis which led to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus.

The restoration of democracy
Markezinis was involved in the negotiations in July 1974 that led to the return of democratic government under Karamanlis's national unity government. Markezinis's Progressive Party remained an active political party, albeit a small one, whose main success consisted of electing a delegate to the European parliament in 1981. Markezinis spent his latter years writing his memoirs and on the political history of contemporary Greece.

title: Spyros Markezinis


text:
Talk:Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average

No more all-time highs
This section is basically speculation and isn't really encyclopedic. In my opinion, the history aspect of this article is great, but the future predictions should be eliminated. Carrp | Talk 05:30, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I very much agree and removed the main speculation and moved the rest of the text up to the intro, above the lists. Seems like the list could use coverage of the Great Depression-related bear market, since it was such a major shaper of the US in the 20th century. Niteowlneils 04:44, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Removed POV statement
"A new bull market cannot begin until market valuation (measured by way of PE ratio) is back to multi-decade lows." That is a POV statement predictive of the future that isn't even sourced. The offical defination of a secular bull market is however such that until the DOW makes an all time high, neither the end of the previous bear market nor the beginning of that bull market can be called. Jon 13:58, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Add more milestones please
Crossing 10,000, 9000, 8000 in the downward direction is just as interesting as crossing them in the upward direction. Jon 13:58, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

There should be another table added for the new record close or at least change the title of the table to include 2006 Moorematthews 21:11, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

I added today's (Monday, February 23, 2009) closing score, an 11-year low. I am trying to get the actual date and numbers from Google, etc., but someone with knowledge of how to get these numbers more easily, please add.

Intra day high
On January 14, 2000, the intra day high was 11750.28 this is according to both Forbes magazine and CNN. Moorematthews 13:12, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Concept of Theoretical vs. Actual Dow
The intraday high on January 14, 2000 was indeed 11750.28 "according to some but not substantiated by any intraday chart" (quote interjected by Anonymous); however, the "theoretical high", which is calculated as if the intraday highs of all 30 stocks were hit at once, was 11908.50 "and substantiated by intraday graphs [links at bottom]" (also interjected by Anonymous). This 150+ point spread between the "actual" and "theoretical" highs may be accounted for by the fact that January 14, 2000 was an extremely volatile trading day, meaning that the individual stock highs may have been highly spread in time.

The "theoretical" method was the only way to calculate highs or lows until early 1992, when technology allowed the index to be calculated every 10 seconds. Even on October 4, 2006, when the actual high eclipsed the intraday high of six years before by 100 points, the theoretical high of 11879 still failed to set a new record. This may have been caused by a number of factors, including the decrease in volatility between 2000 and 2006 and the dynamics of that particular trading day. The actual high of 11851 was set seconds before the close, meaning that in all likelihood the vast majority of the 30 stocks hit their highs simultaneously.

During the 2000-2002 bear market, the lows were (closing, actual, theoretical): (7286, 7197, 7181) on October 9-10, 2002. As many will recall, a market-wide rally ensued upon breaking 7200 on October 10, and virtually no new lows were hit in any of the individual stocks for the rest of the day. Thus, there was only a 16-point spread for actual and theoretical lows in spite of high general volatility.

65.27.233.132 12:50, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

The above referenced concept of a difference in "theoretical" and "actual" intraday highs is not supported by the graphs below, making it suspect as an indicator.

There is argument over the intraday high since the graphs (links below) substantiate a high on January 14, 2000 of 11,908.50 and none show any such high on October 5, 2006.

http://finance.yahoo.com/charts#chart2:symbol=^dji;range=5d;indicator=volume;charttype=candlestick;crosshair=on;logscale=off;source=

69.110.15.25 06:31, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

The theoretical high of 11,928 is substantiated by marketwatch.com and is shown on a chart from that site (links below). MarketWatch (including BigCharts, linked above) and Yahoo charts usually show the theoretical highs and lows if each bar represents a period of 1 day or longer. Charts from other financial sites (such as StockCharts) show the actual highs and lows reached during intraday trading regardless of the length of time each bar represents. Of course, for intraday charts (such as the Yahoo chart linked above), only actual data can be shown in a continuous manner, regardless of the source. Both "theoretical" sites show highs of 11,921 on October 6 and 11,924 on October 9 - so any way you slice it, the nominal high of 2000 has been passed. Furthermore, in response to the provocative statement above, the "theoretical" vs. "actual" concept is factual (I will find and post the link), although as with many types of market data, its usefulness as an indicator is a matter of opinion. A link to a Yahoo chart of the Dow since 1928 (in log scale for greater visibility) on the main entry page substantiates all the "theoretical" highs except 11,928, which is substantiated by the MarketWatch link.

On a side note to the above poster, it is not appropriate to interject your commentary within others' posts on the discussion page; simply post your responses below to show the chronological progression of the discussion.

This link, if accessed between midnight and 9 am on any given weekday or any time on the weekend, shows the Dow for the previous day, with the "actual" intraday chart at right and the "theoretical" high and low documented at left (the 52-week high and low are also shown to be "theoretical" if you check them against StockCharts.com): http://www.marketwatch.com/tools/quotes/quotes.asp?symb=INDU&sid=

Any chart of the Dow on Stockcharts.com will show candlesticks with the "actual" highs and lows, clearly distinct from those shown on MarketWatch and the non-intraday charts on Yahoo. This link shows a MarketWatch chart where the highs and lows are "theoretical", not "actual": http://www.marketwatch.com/tools/quotes/intchart.asp?symb=INDU&siteid=mktw&time=4&freq=1&comp=&compidx=aaaaa%7E0&compind=&uf=0&ma=&maval=&lf=1&lf2=&lf3=&type=2&size=1&txtstyle=&style=&submitted=true&intflavor=basic&origurl=%2Ftools%2Fquotes%2Fintchart.asp

65.27.233.132 11:28, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Pre-emptive - I will update the theoretical high after midnight tonight - please do not freak out about the vagueness of "11,920s range" - I put it that way since the exact high of 11,928 is disputed.

129.137.238.161 21:08, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

1000pt Dow High Increments
Interesting to note that the amount of time it took the Dow to go from its first close above 11,000, to its first close above 12,000 - which was about 7 1/2 years - was the longest time it took the Dow to make one of these 1000pt jumps since the Dow made the first 1000pt jump - from 1000 to 2000, which took from 1972-1987 (15 years). Every other jump was completed in a much quicker time-frame - most of them around 1 year. Should this be mentioned in relation to the dot-com bubble bear market? This very slow pace of increase? 155.143.221.252 17:46, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes this is due to the Dot Com Crash. The tech heavy NASDAQ sell from about 9000pt's down to 2000pt's. Although the Dow index is not tech heavy, there was still a sell off as well as limited growth for the next few years. Also the quickest jump was from 13000-14000pt's this took only months! April 25, 2007 to July 17, 2007, only 113 days.

 * The Nasdaq fell from 5000, not 9000. Still a fall of more than 60% that weighed on the marker.  And please sign your posts. Bravosfan567 17:20, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

 * For the record, it took nearly 20 years for the NASDAQ to go from 5,000 to 9,000 with occasional major declines, most notably the Dot-com bubble. 9March2019 (talk) 21:28, 26 December 2019 (UTC)

With a new section detailing how many trading days the Dow took to go from one millenary milestone to the next, it's now appropriate to reopen this discussion. While it's nice to know this information and be excited whenever the Dow reaches its next millenary milestone, 1000-pt increments are going to become meaningless as the Dow continues to rise higher, possibly above 36,000 in a few years. If the Dow does continue its Trump-fueled rally to higher levels, it will be more likely that a point swing of hundreds of points will become normal; this is why we don't apply bold formatting to every 1000-pt milestone. OfficerAPC (talk) 21:55, 17 January 2018 (UTC)
 * not sure what you're trying to say. עם ישראל חי (talk) 22:01, 17 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Some editors insisted on applying bold formatting for all millenary milestones (1000, 2000, 3000, etc.), but thousand-point jumps are less significant as the Dow continues soaring. OfficerAPC (talk) 22:57, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

ok i thought that was decided already why reopen discussion until at least 30000 500 point increments makes the most sense with bolding every five. עם ישראל חי (talk) 22:59, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

Century of the Dow
The link is dead. If anyone knows what this link should point to, please feel free to fix it. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by CodeCarpenter (talk • contribs) 20:04, 5 January 2007 (UTC).

"2000 - undetermined" Bear market.
With the Dow now above 10% from the pre-Bear market high, I think we can safely say 2002 was the end of the Dow Bear Market and that also marks the beginning of the current Dow Bull market. (Note that we can not say the same thing for the S&P and especally not the Nasdaq) Jon 16:10, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * 2003 or 2004, the bear market was still prevailant. By 2004 and 2005, the market was beginning to recover thanks to China and the housing market.   However, since 2006, there's has been a bull market.  The showing of the full recovery from that subprime mortgage meltdown in February and the unexpected earnings this quarter shows the economy has been tested through housing bubble brusting.  Today's show has me wondering if we're back to this 90s bull market. Spongefan 21:01, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * But isn't the defination of the end of the bear market for a stock index, the lowest such price from the previous peak? Per this article that was in Oct 2002. Jon 23:16, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Answering my own question, I guess not; since otherwise the Great Depression era Bear Market would be recorded as ending in early 1932. Jon 23:20, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The start of the bull market is controversial and more discussion is needed before its causes can be identified in an encyclopedic fashion. I would say the Dow was very bullish from March 2003 all the way to February 2004, and then pretty bearish for most of 2004. Then, some would argue we were still in a bear because the Dow was down for the 2005 calendar year, yet it seems superficial to call the start of the bull market 2006 just because the old high was passed then. The other bull market start dates in this article (1949, 1982, etc.) seem to be based on when the P/E ratio of the Dow hit its low for the time period. If anyone knows when this happened in the past five years, they should edit the article accordingly. Until then, it should probably be reverted. 129.137.228.196 22:09, 26 April 2007 (UTC)DAP

About the graph
The graph is a nice addition to the page, but I think if someone can find a good one, we should add a logrythmic graph. Most financial data of this kind is shown on logrythmic graphs, and it will give a lot more detail on the period before 1980. Prnd3825 20:53, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Ask and you shall receive. Here's a logarithmic version, you can replace the graph if you want.  Up to you.  I like the linear one better, but I'm an aesthete, not an economist :P
 * Lalala666 03:30, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Just curious about the new graph. Why in the world would it start in 1901 when the DJIA started in 1896?  Why the arbitrary dismissal of the first 5 years?  I imagine it would be easy to add those first 5 years at the beginning of the graph?  (JosephASpadaro 02:56, 8 May 2007 (UTC))
 * If you can find me data for those years, that would be great. The source I had only had daily (and even monthly) closes from 1901.  See the image page for more detail. Lalala666 21:49, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Isn't that type of data readily available somewhere? I just stumbled across this page and am not an expert on the DJIA ... but it would seem to me that that would be data that is very readily available somewhere or another ... am I wrong?  (JosephASpadaro 21:47, 15 May 2007 (UTC))
 * I don't know if it's readily available either, since I haven't really done an exhaustive search. But if you can find the data raw (ie, text), then I'll put in the graph.  Thanks! Lalala666 12:16, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Would you be able to update this graph? Current closings are off the chart. (ArqMage 20:09, 30 May 2007 (UTC))
 * I tried that, but since the graph covers 100 years, a few months' worth of data are negligible. You can't really tell the difference unless you zoom in really far.  So I don't think it's worth updating the graph every month when the data is invisible!
 * Lalala666 17:25, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

I've heard numerous times from market historians and financial analysts that stocks have historically returned an average of about 10% per year since the 1920s, but the data in these graphs don't support this claim. For example, consider the Dow's closing value of 200.93 on Dec. 19, 1927, and its record-high closing value of 14164.53 on Oct. 9, 2007, covering a time-span of approximately 80 years. Using the annual-compound-interest formula N(t) = N(to)*(1+i)^n, where N(t) and N(to) = Dow's closing values at times t and to, respectively; i = annual compound interest rate; and n = number of years between to and t; then: 14164.53 = 200.93*(1+i)^80. Solving for i yields i = 5.463%. That is, according to my calculations, the Dow has increased, on average, only 5.463% (not 10% as market historians claim) per year over the past 80 years, and this doesn't even include the Dow's current skid (in which the Dow is currently below 8400 at the time of this writing). Are these data inaccurate or my calculations incorrect? Where do the market historians obtain their numbers to make their 10% claim? Agr0223 (talk) 21:56, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

 * + dividends?? Nurg (talk) 04:33, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

Commas in big nos
Any reason why the milestone values are NOT formatted with a comma (e.g., 13000) but the actual closing values ARE formatted with a comma (e.g., 13,000)? Is this intentional or oversight? Thanks. (JosephASpadaro 03:01, 8 May 2007 (UTC))

It's intentional - based on the formatting of the source that was used to begin this page. 65.27.236.224 20:06, 10 June 2007 (UTC)DAP

Italics in chart
Why are some of the numbers and dates in italics? Do these have some special significance? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by ArqMage (talk • contribs) 17:40, 15 May 2007 (UTC).

 * They seem to be the "milestones" within the milestones: 100 - then 1,000 - then 5,000 - then 10,000 - etc. I suspect the next will be 15,000.  Thanks. (JosephASpadaro 21:50, 15 May 2007 (UTC))

 * I think that it is evrytime another digit is added, for example 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, etc... If someone else has any idea about the italics, please chime in. King1257 (talk) 20:20, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

 * I think the italicized milestones should be 100, 1000, 5000, 10000, 15000, 20000, 25000, 30000, etc. For me, having the italicized at each 5000 milestone makes the table easier to read. 71.188.25.68 (talk) 05:46, 14 May 2013 (UTC)

Daily Closing Values
Does any one know: where can I find daily closing values (and change from the preceding close) of the DJIA going back to 1896? In particular, I am interested to know IF -- and WHEN -- the DJIA ever had a daily change of 0.00 points from the preceding day. In other words, were there days in which there was no change at all (0.00 points) between one day and the next? Thanks. (JosephASpadaro 21:55, 15 May 2007 (UTC))
 * Here are a list of days when the DJIA closed the same the next day, to within a TENTH of a point (my data isn't for a hundredth)...beyond me why you'd want to know this. Obviously this list depends heavily on the margin of error.  If I did the math right in Excel, of course. Lalala666 01:48, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi. Thanks for the information.  May I ask, where do you get the raw data for the daily opening and closing values?  I had assumed that an unchanged DJIA value (i.e., a change of 0.00 points from one day to the next) was a rare occurrence.  But you have shown dozens of incidences of this -- although, only four in the last 10 years.  (JosephASpadaro 20:34, 28 May 2007 (UTC))
 * Source:  This is only a change of 0.0, and it's rarer recently because a tenth of a point was a bigger deal in the past than it is now -- like if the DJIA is 50, 50.1 is a 2% difference, but if it's 5000, it's a .02% difference, which is harder to nail.
 * Lalala666 17:43, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the info. I looked at the source data that you provided, and it raised another question for me that perhaps you can answer.  I had always assumed that the DJIA opening value for any day was exactly the same number as the DJIA closing value for the day before.  Is that assumption wrong?  In other words, if the market closes on the afternoon of June 4 at exactly 13,000.00 -- does not the market open on the morning of June 5 at exactly 13,000.00?  If not, why not?  (What happens to the number in the interim between one day's close and the next day's opening?)    If so, how come your source data has different opening and closing values for consecutive days?  Thanks.  (JosephASpadaro 18:45, 3 June 2007 (UTC))

 * Also, as a correction to your prior posting: one-tenth of a point when the DJIA is 50 equates to 0.2% and one-tenth of a point when the DJIA is 5,000 equates to 0.002%.  But I see your point ... the bigger the DJIA, the smaller the percentage value of any one-tenth of a point ... and the smaller the DJIA, the bigger the percentage value of any one-tenth of a point.  (JosephASpadaro 18:51, 3 June 2007 (UTC))
 * Yeah, good call on the percentage. Gives you a lot of faith that I did the math right on those graphs, huh?  Anyway I don't know why opening and closing prices are different, but my guess is that the DJIA only follows the exchanges which close in the afternoon, but Late trading alters the pricing at night.  Just a guess.  --Lalala666 22:09, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Might check me on this, but I believe the change on 7/17/1990 actually was 0.00 - I read somewhere the market closed at 2,999.75 for two consecutive days before plunging into the Gulf crisis. 65.27.236.224 20:05, 10 June 2007 (UTC)DAP
 * Yes, that really happened, and I made note of it on the 3000 milestone. That had to be really painful.69.248.22.114 (talk) 04:35, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

2000s commodity boom?
Could someone please source this? Either a citation or a link to Wikipedia somewhere...definitely not a link to the War in Iraq! I've never heard of this commodity boom, so either cite it or pull it out! Thanks :) --Lalala666 22:15, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Inflation
Reports on new all-time highs for the Dow Jones or any other stock market have always bothered me, and fortunately others   as well, as inflation is stubbornly ignored. This happens elsewhere as well; two years back I converted the list of most expensive paintings to an inflation-adjusted list in which Van Gogh's "Irises", that sold for $54 million in 1987, rightfully beats Picasso's "Dora Maar au Chat" that sold for $95 million in 2006. Still, you can be sure that the next painting sold for a dollar over $140 million (the ridiculous 2006 record price for a Jackson Pollock painting, of all things) will be hailed everywhere as the most expensive work of art ever sold. Somehow the proclamations of new highs remind me of the announcements in Nineteen Eighty-Four on the supposedly ever-declining price of chocolate. I'm blissfully ignorant of economics, and someone may explain here (and in the article, please) why inflation does not matter. Otherwise, an inflation adjusted graph should be welcome here. In it, one would see that the January 14, 2000 high of 11723 still represents an all-time high. Afasmit (talk) 21:44, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

 * The presence of inflation is only significant when analyzing real value of the stock market. This page is purely to report the milestones by the DJI, which are nominal figures. Your point is well taken, but is not appropriate for this page I would imagine. Bravosfan567 (talk) 19:03, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

All time low
This article should include info about the Dow's all time low. This is the info that I was looking for, and it isn't here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.203.144.158 (talk) 16:58, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

Since 75 years ago
I added this sub-section -Manic Monday - since this is sub-milestone by itself, record one day for 112 years and since 75 years per LA Times and NYT.--Florentino floro (talk) 08:26, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes the removal of anything related to current events is appropriate since they are still unsettled at the moment and the article has a longer perspective. Either of three things was inevitable when one looks at the DOW over it's entire history with respect to the observed curve: a smooth continued exponential growth either under the bases of the bubbles or thru their midpoints which would have brought the DOW to 20K by 2010; a leveling out at some point and then lateral movement; or a crash and complete deflation of the bubbles as well as a deep cut into the overall secular trend since the mid eighties. At this point it's still unclear what the final outcome would be and in the perspective of this article at least a years worth of observation would be necessary before naming the current stage. Lycurgus (talk) 01:57, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

Bear market definitions needed
The article needs definitions of secular bear market and cyclical bear market. It has the equivalents for bull markets. Nurg (talk) 04:46, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

Theoretical Dow BS
Sorry, this Theoretical Dow stuff needs to be deleted. To be clear, the reason is because the higher the volatility, the higher the theoretical high. Volatility should be irrelevant. We could care less about how the dow was calculated long ago. It's not relevant whatsoever to anything. It just causes confusion. It's like publishing the weekly highs, or the S&P daily high if all the stocks in the S&P reached their highs at the same time in the week. It's total nonsense. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jasontaylor7 (talk • contribs) 19:17, 29 January 2013 (UTC)
 * I'm inclined to agree with you. If they track all 30 components all day long, why would it be useful to have a number which assumes that all 30 components reached their daily high at the same time of the day (when they almost never do).  These "theoretical" numbers have been part of the article for years, though.  Anyone want to jump to their defense before we remove them?DavidRF (talk) 19:48, 29 January 2013 (UTC)
 * I disagree. I find the theoretical value more interesting for longterm informational purposes. It shows, arguably to a point, whether the actual high was a blip in the radar or if the actual high was maintained for a prolonged period of time. As a side note the theoretical high might take place on a different day from the actual high, further strengthening my point. King1257 — Preceding unsigned comment added by King1257 (talk • contribs) 20:37, 28 March 2013 (UTC)
 * My take is that its the opposite of what you say. If Chevron and ExxonMobil hit their highs in the morning and P&G and J&J hit their highs in the afternoon then the Theoretical Dow will have moved a lot more in the day than the Dow.  I thought the point of using many stocks in your index was to smooth out the noise of each individual stocks behavior... but with the theoretical Dow the intra-day radar blips will be magnified which is the opposite of telling you if things are being maintained for a long period of time.DavidRF (talk) 22:27, 28 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I guess you have convinced me especially due to the outdated nature of the theoretical high. The only other reason to keep it would be to compare the pre-1992 closings which used the theoretic high numbers to the current theoretical high as this is more appropriate compariblity to pre-1992.King1257 (talk) 13:56, 1 April 2013 (UTC)

To reopen this discussion from five years ago, I propose we remove the theoretical record information as that cannot be found for the other two indices on Wall Street: NASDAQ Composite and S&P 500 Index. Also, everyday people don't seem to care about this information, not even the investors! OfficerAPC (talk) 23:14, 3 October 2018 (UTC)

if you want to reopen this discussion add a new section and refer back to this section since the original discussion was 5 years ago עם ישראל חי (talk) 20:54, 11 October 2018 (UTC)

New Graphs
Is there anyway we can get new graphs? The current ones are five years old, which by itself doesn't sound that old, but we have gone through a deep bear market and bull market since then. King1257 (talk) 20:56, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

Consecutive highs
Is there a way to add (or link to) consecutive high record days such as 12/20/13, 12/23/13 and 12/24/13? Or is it in here somewhere and I'm not seeing it? Fiveinchheels (talk) 22:17, 23 December 2013 (UTC)

Removal of some 100-point milestone increments
This is about the recent removal of some 100-point milestone increments. Note that the Dow Jones has been essentially undergoing exponential growth (as expected, perhaps). The 100-point increments would be more appropriate for something that grows linearly, not exponentially. Taking this into consideration, it is not unfathomable that in the future, the Dow Jones will fluctuate daily by thousands of points, and the 100-point increments would not adequately reflect the activity of the DJIA.

Further incentive for the removal of some of the increments is that it does not put the jump from, say 500 to 600 into perspective. Reaching 600 from 500 is far more significant than reaching 16100 from 16000.

Please voice any concerns here, or, post on my talk page (this is faster, and preferred) if you disagree with this action. Thanks. — Andy W. (talk · contrib) 18:03, 2 June 2014 (UTC)

 * After consideration I liked your point and agree that the way it was being handled before with 100-point increments all of the way up to current the old data was not being emphasized enough. Along that same line I added some data to the bottom end of the spectrum. I made the following changes: 10-point increments are used up to the 200 level, 50 to 500, 100 to 2,000, 500 to 5,000, and 1,000-point increments thereafter. Let me know if this sounds appropriate, I figured that we should use the same scale all the way up for consistancy and to show the old data with the same level of detail that the newer data is being shown with. The only issue I see is if this pattern is extrapolated out, there will be a 5,000-point jump after 20,000, however, in theory if the dow keeps growing exponentially this would only be a temporary problem. Anyone let me know if they have any better solutions to the exponential problem. Thanks King1257 (talk) 13:39, 4 June 2014 (UTC)

 * I have been wondering when this kind of change would happen. It seems obvious to me that one is losing prospective of how indexes are changing when there is too much data. I would suggest that one should ignore the point changes in favor of percentage changes, but that would be difficult to implement and to understand. But I feel uncomfortable with the details of your suggestion, as it seems to introduce inequality in the changes of the jumps. To make the changes understandable and even are conflicting goals. But let suggest this as one which falls on the evenness side: From 100 to 200, jumps of 10; from 200 to 400, jumps of 20; from 400 to 800, jumps of 40; ... from 100 x 2n to 100 x 2n+1, jumps of 10 x 2n. To repeat myself, this is not practicable or understandable and I most surely do not favor it. (A mathematician might suggest: From 100 to 316 (square root of 10), jumps of 10; from 316 to 1000, jumps of 30; ... .) Anyway, I strongly agree with the idea of scaling the increments in proportion to the base, even if I have cavils about the details.     Of course, the same is true of the S&P 500, and whatever change it ought to be applied equally to both indexes.  TomS TDotO (talk) 09:39, 6 June 2014 (UTC)
 * One idea that I had in changing the scaling point that the milestones occure is haing it be in increments of 10 from 100 to 200, increments of 20 from 200 to 500, increments of 50 from 500 to 1000, 100 from 1000 to 2000, 200 from 2000 to 5000, etc... This doesn't completely eliminate the inequalities, but it does lessen them. I am going to change the increment scale on the chart to reflect this change. Let me know if anyone has any more input on this. King1257 (talk) 14:06, 6 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Your suggestion makes me think of the common changes in currency denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100. Easy to understand.  TomS TDotO (talk) 15:29, 6 June 2014 (UTC)
 * King1257, I am strongly in favor of reverting your recent additions on 6 June 2014, back to increments starting with 10, not 5. The list currently takes up half the scrolling length of the article. Is this article meant to be text-heavy, or be primarily a list of Dow points with dates? One of the minor reasons for my cuts a few days ago is to reduce the size of the list, as it has begun overshadowing much of the other content of the article. If you really prefer a list that long, I may suggest cutting some text, so that the article feels more like a list (if that was intended). Otherwise, I'm in favor of cutting some of the increments again. Thanks. — Andy W. (talk · contrib) 23:15, 8 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Upon reflection, I just changed my mind; it was just a thought that not many people would need that amount of detail, and having a list that long would have a negative impact for the reader... but please do what you see fit. — Andy W. (talk · contrib) 23:22, 8 June 2014 (UTC)

500 point increments still need to be used. The time for 1000 point increments isn't until at least DOW 30,000. 1779Days (talk) 06:17, 28 August 2014 (UTC)

Historical record closes of the Dow Jones Industrial Average
The other page has little to add, but is at best redundant and, if not merged, deleted. TomS TDotO (talk) 15:58, 27 August 2014 (UTC)

There is some useful information not shown in the Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average; it is best to merge this article into Historical record closes of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.--OfficerAPC (talk) 03:41, 30 May 2015 (UTC)

Consistent Increments of Wall Street
Earlier this morning, I thought about a consistent set of milestone increments for Wall Street's major stocks: Dow Jones, NASDAQ, and S&P 500. 1-point increments are used up to the 50-point level; 5 to 100; 10 to 500; 20 to 1,000; 50 to 3,000; 100 to 10,000; 200 to 20,000; and 500-point increments thereafter.--OfficerAPC (talk) 21:09, 12 September 2015 (UTC)

Regarding Milestones
When we use milestones, we mean the Dow Jones has surpassed a certain level, whether it is predetermined or a peak from a previous year. Same thing goes for the NASDAQ and S&P 500.--OfficerAPC (talk) 00:12, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

Theoretical high
What do I misunderstand about the theoretical high? The Barron's page records the theoretical high, as I read it, reaching new highs. Can someone explain to me why that has been reverted? TomS TDotO (talk) 20:46, 15 July 2016 (UTC) TomS TDotO (talk) 20:46, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

It's not an index...
...it's an average. Strictly speaking, the value should be given in dollar terms. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 42.2.34.156 (talk) 09:09, 22 December 2016 (UTC)

Can we please move the "Records" section to the very bottom again?
The "Records" section (which says the currently standing closing, intraday, and theoretical intraday records) is currently in the middle of the page, with a bunch of less interesting stuff below it. Can we please move it back to the very bottom, where it was for at least a year and where the corresponding section is on the analogous articles for the S&P 500 and the NASDAQ Composite? I can understand wanting to put something more important (the "Records" section) above something less important, but if it is buried in the middle that is actually worse, the top and the bottom give more salience to this especially useful section. If nobody objects than I might personally make this edit. Fluoborate (talk) 03:03, 14 June 2017 (UTC)

Clean Up Needed
With a related article merged into this one, I'm thinking we should clean up the article to make it easier to navigate.--OfficerAPC (talk) 22:55, 19 June 2017 (UTC)

Please get consensus before making large changes to this page. I do however feel that having a complete list of record closes and grouping the records by year is not necessary. The records are already stated above with the milestone that were achieved during that particular bull/bear market. The records are grouped better by market period than by year in my opinion. --Figfires (talk) 21:19, 24 June 2017 (UTC)

Number of All-Time Highs
I found a Yahoo Finance article that includes a table showing the number of all-time highs by year. All but the following years report the same number. I think we should figure out what we are missing.--OfficerAPC (talk) 02:43, 8 August 2017 (UTC)
 * 1927 (Difference by 2: 48 on Wikipedia and 50 on Yahoo)
 * 1954 (Difference by 1: 13 on Wikipedia and 14 on Yahoo)
 * 1958 (Difference by 1: 25 on Wikipedia and 26 on Yahoo)
 * 1966 (Difference by 1: 8 on Wikipedia and 9 on Yahoo)
 * 1987 (Difference by 1: 55 on Wikipedia and 56 on Yahoo)
 * 1990 (Difference by 1: 15 on Wikipedia and 16 on Yahoo)
 * 1994 (Difference by 1: 12 on Wikipedia and 13 on Yahoo)
 * 2017 (Difference by 1: 35 on Wikipedia and 34 on Yahoo)

Update: There is another source that confirms the Dow made 70 record high closes (the most ever in a year) to match with what we have on this article.OfficerAPC (talk) 05:39, 19 December 2017 (UTC)

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March 2020 crash not a portent of a serious recession?
Prediction of an economic effect of a major change in market valuations so far seems about as reliable as astrological charts. A stock market crash as in 1987 can be a blip -- or a sign of an impending meltdown in the economy. The 28.3% reduction in share values (I write this on 3/13/2020) is a huge, swift drop in valuation; we may have different interpretations of what such means. We do not know what follows.

Most serious recessions have a big decline in securities prices as at the least a portent.

We do not know yet. I have thus treated the statement that the world is not on the brink of a serious recession as dubious. So far market valuations look like a 'falling knife'. That can continue or come to an end, and nobody can predict when that perception (and reality) come to an end. Pbrower2a (talk) 07:22, 13 March 2020 (UTC)

Date of first closing
The Dow Jones Industrial Average article says:

"It is the best known of the Dow Averages, of which the first (non-industrial) was originally published on February 16, 1885. . . . The industrial average was first calculated on May 26, 1896."

But this article says:

"Since first closing at 62.76 on February 16, 1885, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has increased, despite several periods of decline."

How can the DJIA have its first closing on February 16, 1885 when it was first calculated on May 26, 1896, 11 years later? — UnladenSwallow (talk) 07:34, 13 March 2020 (UTC)

 * This paragraph:

 * "The Dow Jones Industrial Average was first published on February 16, 1885. According to records, the Dow reached a peak of 78.38 on June 4, 1890. This means that the following record closing values fall below the June 1890 peak, and thus, may not be formally recognized by some sources."

 * is also in contradiction with the Dow Jones Industrial Average article. — UnladenSwallow (talk) 07:43, 13 March 2020 (UTC)

All-time low closing price
The section lists the all-time low closing price of 41.22 on July 8, 1932. Shouldn’t it be 40.94 on May 26, 1896 (the first day of the DJIA calculation ), listed in the section? — UnladenSwallow (talk) 08:06, 13 March 2020 (UTC)


text: User talk:148.235.159.233

title: User talk:148.235.159.233


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Magnificent Seven (song)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 17:39, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

The Magnificent Seven (song)
I nominated Hitsville U.K. a while ago, and it seems it's getting deleted. This article is basically the same, the only different being that in terms of noteworthy songs, The Magnificant Seven starts to approach the level of notability that songs must have to warrant inclusion, while the other did not. I've basically decided that for me this is a bit on the wrong side of the line, and in its current form its nothing anyway. I suppose I'd vote to keep if someone wrote a good article here, bit I'm not even convinced that's possible. Joe Strummer was one of the most incoherent people, both in speaking and writing, and trying to say something substantial about this song would involve much speculation, and would still likely say little. There are many Clash songs that deserve articles rather than this one. -R. fiend 05:35, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless someone can write an actual article for the damn thing. Even a single informative paragraph will warrant a "keep" from me. Entire current text is "The Magnificent Seven is the first track on The Clash album Sandinista!." - David Gerard 12:40, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll second that. Kappa 20:08, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll third that. Radiant! 21:24, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 23:20, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep, a totally notable song. Everyking 06:18, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If someone wants to write about this, it can go in Sandanista! until there's enough material for a breakout article. Gamaliel 06:23, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agreed w/ Gamaliel. Wile E. Heresiarch 07:43, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Could be merged with the album, but there's no article there.  When the album article is created, it will contain a track list if nothing else, thus not making it worthwhile to keep this.  I don't have any problem with the idea of an article on this song, but it needs to establish notability. Tuf-Kat 05:12, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: There is an article on the album Sandinista!. Gamaliel spelled it wrong above. And yes, the track list there does say as much as the article currently does, in fewer words. -R. fiend 17:46, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or redirect to Sandinista!.   — Gwalla | Talk 02:59, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Talk:War at the Warfield

title: Talk:War at the Warfield


text:
Bart Selman

Bart Selman is a Dutch-American professor of computer science at Cornell University. He is also co-founder and principal investigator of the Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence (CHAI) at the University of California, Berkeley, led by Stuart J. Russell, and co-chair of the Computing Community Consortium's 20-year roadmap for AI research.

Education
Selman attended the Technical University of Delft, from where he received a master's degree in physics, graduating in 1983. He received his master's and PhD in computer science from the University of Toronto in 1985 and 1991 respectively.

Career
Selman has been working at AT&T Bell Laboratories before becoming professor of computer science at Cornell University.

His research areas include tractable inference, knowledge representation, stochastic search methods, theory approximation, knowledge compilation, planning, default reasoning, satisfiability solvers like WalkSAT, and connections between computer science and statistical physics, namely phase transition phenomena.

Selman co-founded in 2016 an AI alignment research organization named Center for Human-Compatible AI (CHAI), and became one of its principal investigators. His role in CHAI and some of his recent lectures notably focus on the safety and ethical aspects of advanced artificial intelligence.

Honors and awards
Selman has received six Best Paper Awards for his work. He also received the Cornell Stephen Miles Excellence in Teaching Award, the Cornell Outstanding Educator Award, a National Science Foundation Career Award, and an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship. He is a Fellow of the AAAI, the AAAS, and the ACM.

Notable research papers
Selman is the author or co-author of more than 100 publications, including:
 * Statistical regimes across constrainedness regions, Carla P. Gomes, Cesar Fernandez, Bart Selman, and Christian Bessiere. Proc. 10th Intl. Conf. on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP-04), Toronto, Ont., 2005. Distinguished Paper Award.
 * Towards efficient sampling: Exploiting random walk strategies, Wei Wei, Jordan Erenrich, and Bart Selman. Proc. AAAI-04. San Jose, CA, 2004.
 * Tracking evolving communities in large linked networks, John Hopcroft, Brian Kulis, Omar Khan, and Bart Selman. Proc. Natl. Acad. of Sci. (PNAS), Feb., 2004.
 * Natural communities in large linked networks, John Hopcroft, Brian Kulis, Omar Khan, and Bart Selman. Proc. KDD, August 2003.
 * Backdoors to typical case complexity, Ryan Williams, Carla Gomes, and Bart Selman. Proc. IJCAI-03 Acapulco, Mexico, 2003.
 * Dynamic restart policies, Kautz, Henry, Horvitz, Eric, Ruan, Yongshao, Gomes, Carla, and Selman, Bart. Proceedings of the Eighteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-02) Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2002, 674–682.
 * Generating hard satisfiability problems, Bart Selman, David G Mitchell, Hector J Levesque, Artificial intelligence, 1996
 * Noise strategies for improving local search, Bart Selman, Henry A Kautz, Bram Cohen, AAAI, 1994

title: Bart Selman


text: Category:Space cameras

title: Category:Space cameras


text:
XHTML Friends Network

XHTML Friends Network (XFN) is an HTML microformat developed by Global Multimedia Protocols Group that provides a simple way to represent human relationships using links. XFN enables web authors to indicate relationships to the people in their blogrolls by adding one or more keywords as the rel attribute to their links. XFN was the first microformat, introduced in December 2003.

Example
A friend of Jimmy Example could indicate that relationship by publishing a link on their site like this:

Multiple values may be used, so if that friend has met Jimmy:

title: XHTML Friends Network


text:
Talk:Ziprasidone

Where's the references?
This article is seriously lacking in some references. I wanted to know where they got the references for the "Pharmacokinetics" section, because it says it's 60% effective with food, then in the next paragraph, says 50-60% effective without food. I know for a fact (as I am prescribed and do take this medication) that it hardly works when taken without food, but I don't know the exact percentages, and I can't seem to find them anywhere to fix this section, but it would seriously help if there were some cited references somewhere. There is three for the whole article. This is highly unacceptable. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Anathematized one (talk • contribs) 19:41, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

Synthesis
This article needs a section on how this chemical is synthesized. 2602:306:C518:62C0:5C06:758E:E477:60D6 (talk) 03:40, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzisothiazolinone

This drug appears to have this chemical as part of its molecular structure. No...no it really doesn't...at all.

Someone needs to add a section to this article on how this drug is synthesized. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:C518:6C40:F02A:330C:11CC:ACDB (talk) 23:49, 24 May 2013 (UTC)

http://www.chem24h.com/drug/synthesis/zagidjida.html

I found this information on how Geodon is synthesized. Someone should lift the information and add it to this article with attribution. 2602:306:C518:6C40:F02A:330C:11CC:ACDB (talk) 23:53, 24 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Eliminated comment since it was a copyright violoation. We cannot have copyrighted text in wikipedia.--Garrondo (talk) 20:11, 26 May 2013 (UTC)

It appears that Geodon has the biocide Benzisothiazolinone as part of its molecular structure. Once again, no...no it really doesn't...at all.2602:306:C518:6C40:505A:5C79:DCDB:627E (talk) 00:33, 26 May 2013 (UTC)

Side Effects
Looking at Geodon's prescribing information, it does not cause side effects to the degree stated on this Wiki, as I can see. I can provide a link to the PDF. I personally take Geodon. It's been a lifesaver for me. I know personal experience may not be relevant to an Encyclopedia, but I have not had side effects to the degree listed on this page. I don't think that the listing of ALL of these side efffects is needed, as it may discourage people from taking their medication.. perhaps a separate page for the side effects, or listing only the "very common" would be better. I'll wait for someone to agree/disagree before I do anything else to the page. Sketches0993 (talk) 10:42, 4 June 2015 (UTC)

Moved from article
I have moved the following content here because it lacks context/explanation. If anyone wants to use it to improve the article, here it is. -- Ed (Edgar181) 18:50, 6 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Ziprasidone synthesis.png (1989).]]

These articles need more History on this and other medicines and chemicals
Who is the name of the scientist who is the one behind Geodon and all involved? These articles need this information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.140.166.69 (talk) 19:49, 29 December 2016 (UTC)

Detailed discussion of the mechanism
Belong in the body of the text not the lead IMO. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 22:21, 5 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Have added a brief summary. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 14:47, 8 May 2019 (UTC)

Oral administration of ziprasidone
DocJames and I have been repeatedly undoing each other's edits over a very small stupid thing. He inserted a couple very awkward references to the "by mouth form" of this drug, which I merely changed to the "oral form" of this drug. Who says things like the "by mouth form"??? That certainly isn't the language we use when writing an FDA-approved product label. Not only is "by mouth form" awkward and poor English, but DocJames writes on his profile page that "My spelling and grammar are poor, so thank you for correcting them.". Verytas (talk) 17:20, 20 October 2019 (UTC)
 * See WP:MEDMOS. We generally use easier to understand language. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 02:56, 21 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Suggest you use common language, and not language that sounds like a non-native English speaker Verytas (talk) 04:55, 21 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Per WP:MEDMOS we use easier to understand English rather than technical English / Latin / Greek. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 12:27, 21 October 2019 (UTC)
 * A quick search of the English Wikipedia turns up exactly 3 instances of "by mouth form", and 139 instances of "oral form". Yet you - who self admits poor spelling and grammar, and who invites well-meaning correction - have now appointed yourself judge over what constitutes "easier to understand English"??? Verytas (talk) 14:45, 21 October 2019 (UTC)
 * We use the term "nothing by mouth" frequently and much more so than "nil par orus". Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 01:50, 22 October 2019 (UTC)

pronunciation
would someone please phonetically break this down for me so i'm able to pronounce it properly? 66.206.57.221 (talk) 05:34, 28 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ziprasidone


text:
Tela

Tela is a town, with a population of 39,920 (2023 calculation), and a municipality in Honduras on the northern Caribbean coast. It is located in the department of Atlantida.

Colonial era
Tela was founded by the Spanish conquistador Cristóbal de Olid on, near an indigenous town, Tehuacán, ruled by a cacique named Cucumba, which had a very good source of clean water, food and medicinal plants. Olid named his town Triunfo de la Cruz (Triumph of the Cross), as it was founded on this Catholic holy day. The name Triunfo de la Cruz still refers to a small promontory in the bay. There are historians who say that the origin of the name is a contraction of Tetela, which in the Nahuat language means "land of hills and craggy mountains." Tela, like other towns on the northern Honduras (Atlantic) coast, was part of the Western Caribbean Zone and although there was a light Spanish presence was connected powerfully to the world of that zone. Thus, English privateers and later pirates frequently operated in the area, and independent or nearly independent indigenous groups also frequented the area. At the end of the 16th century, Tela Bay was frequented by buccaneers who roamed the Caribbean Sea, looking for ways to attack the Spanish schooners that hauled fortunes in precious metals and stones, from Trujillo, Puerto Cortés, Havana, and other Atlantic ports.

In 1797, the English exiled the Garifuna, a group of Afro-Carib origin from St Vincent to the island of Roatan. Later they were moved to Trujillo and from there they are migrated along the coast. In 1808, they settled in Tela where they founded their own community. One of these communities was east of the El Triunfo hills, which they named Triunfo de la Cruz and another west of town named San Juan.

Republican era
In the political division of 1825, Tela was part of the department of Yoro, and in 1876 was classified as a municipality. With the creation of the department of Cortés, 4 June 1893, Tela became part of Cortés. Subsequently, on 17 July 1894, it was reassigned to the department of Yoro, but in 1902, it was incorporated in the department of Atlántida. The port of Tela was given city status in March 1927.

Between 1880 and the mid-20th century, the economy was based on the cultivation and production of bananas and by 1912, the government started giving grants to nationals and foreigners who wanted to promote the local economy, thus beginning the golden age of banana production in Honduras.

Tela Under the United fruit company
Tela became an important port in 1914 as headquarters of the Tela Railroad Company, a subsidiary of the United Fruit Company whose Honduran headquarters were there until 1970. The company brought in many labourers for the railroad and then for the banana industry as it expanded its production in Honduras. Many of these workers were African-descended people from the English-speaking Caribbean, especially Jamaica and Belize, and introduced the English language and Protestant (especially Methodist and Anglican) churches to the town.

The United Fruit Company built a new town, called Tela Nueva, outside the older town for its employees. The town, which was carefully planned was segregated by race, and the best housing (single family homes of varying size) was in the "White Zone" (later called the "American Zone") in which only Euro-American employees lived. The remaining workers lived in barracks type houses outside the zone. The town included an excellent hospital, good schools, and a golf course. Some of these units remain today as part of a hotel complex.

Local mestizo and Spanish speaking workers in the town resented the presence of West Indians, who often held the best jobs, and because they spoke English were more able to get even service jobs in the US controlled company. In time the government of Honduras took up an anti-West Indian line, which was accompanied in many cases, by racist literature and cartoons that contrasted the African descended Caribbean workers with the mestizo Hondurans. In 1929 and again in 1934 immigration laws were hardened, making it difficult for English speakers or non-Hondurans to enter the country or remain there, and between 1930 and 1939, hundreds of Caribbean people were deported, greatly decreasing the English speaking and African descended population of the town.

In 1930 floods ruined the banana industry, broke bridges and closed railroads, causing whole plantations to cease operations. Tela declined somewhat after this disaster, but gradually recovered.

Mid 20th century
Tela was the epicentre of the 1954 General Strike, which began as a wildcat action among the poorer workers, and soon spread through the north of Honduras, but the English speaking Caribbean workers, occupying higher positions in the company were lukewarm in their support or even openly hostile to the workers. In the aftermath of the strike, which led to major concessions to workers, the English speaking community was subject to retaliation and many left the region, often immigrating to the United States or Canada, or to the Caribbean countries from which they or their ancestors had originated.

The town's long dock burned in 1994. A hasty replacement, opened in January 1995, collapsed due to high winds, and the remnant is now used for fishing.

The town had an extensive railyard in which trains were used to run all the way out to the dock. Passenger trains still run twice a week from Tela to Puerto Cortés, the only routes in the country still served by trains.

Garifuna villages nearby
Tela is one of various towns on the Caribbean Coast of Central America with many Garifuna communities nearby. Heading east along the beach from Tela, one first comes to Ensenada aldea, and then, beyond Punta del Triunfo de la Cruz, to the aldea of Triunfo de la Cruz; to the west along the beach, are San Juan aldea, which bleeds into Tela's western edge, then Tornabé aldea, and 10 mi or so beyond Tornabé, the tiny caserio of Miami.

Culture
Tela's patron saint is San Antonio. Every June, the town holds its festival in honour of San Antonio, with parades and parties throughout the week.

Tela is one of the most popular beach destinations for Honduran beachgoers. It draws especially well in Holy Week, the week between Palm Sunday and Easter, when many tens of thousands of Hondurans crowd into town to party, drink, lie on the beach and swim in the Caribbean.

Most Teleños are Catholic; the town's main Catholic church is Iglesia San Antonio, just across the river from downtown Tela. There are other smaller Catholic churches throughout town. There are many other denominations represented in town, however, including the Holy Spirit Episcopal Church, a LDS Church and a large Evangelical church just off the beach downtown, colloquially known in Tela as the "Jumping Church".

Infrastructure
Tela has paved roads throughout the downtown area. Many of the outlying areas have paved main thoroughfares; smaller side streets are generally dirt roads in the town outsides.

Virtually all buildings in and around the aldea of Tela have running water, flush toilets and electricity. Many farther aldeas and caserios have no running water or electricity; some are made up entirely of bamboo or thatch huts.

Downtown Tela's main street is a busy business district. There is a well stocked grocery store, several small department stores, a number of hardware stores, many restaurants, internet cafes, bars, banks, pool halls and hotels, a laundry, a bakery, and a coffin maker's workshop. The town is well served by doctors, dentists, lawyers and veterinarians. The town also has its own small lumberyard. Two blocks off the town park, there is a block-square market—half open and half enclosed—selling fresh vegetables, fruit and meat, brought in daily from farms in the surrounding countryside; fisherman bring in fresh fish daily to the market as well to many restaurants.

In addition to the downtown grocery store and the town market, in the barrios, nearly every street corner has its own "pulpería"—a small shop in the front of a family house, which sells milk, eggs, juice, beans and other everyday needs to the neighbourhood.

There is a public school in Tela, and at least six smaller private schools, three of which are bilingual, teaching English along with Spanish.

Climate
Tela has a tropical rainforest climate, also known as an equatorial climate, is a tropical climate usually (but not always) found along the equator. Tropical rainforest climate is a type of tropical climate in which there is no dry season. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Af" (Tropical Rainforest Climate).

title: Tela