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Roy Oswalt

Roy Edward Oswalt (born August 29, 1977) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Oswalt played for the majority of his Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the Houston Astros. He also played for the Philadelphia Phillies, Texas Rangers, and Colorado Rockies.

Oswalt was selected by the Astros in the 1996 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut with Houston, in 2001, finishing his rookie season with a win–loss record of 14–3. Oswalt was a back-to-back 20-game winner in 2004 and 2005. He helped lead the Astros to their first World Series appearance in 2005, and was named Most Valuable Player of the 2005 National League Championship Series (NLCS). When Oswalt left the Astros in 2010, both his wins (143) and strikeouts totals (1,593) ranked second in franchise history to Joe Niekro (144) and Nolan Ryan (1,866), respectively. Oswalt was a three-time All-Star, selected from 2005 to 2007.

Early life
Oswalt was born and raised in Weir, Mississippi, the son of Billy Joe and Jean Oswalt. Billy was a Vietnam War veteran and logger. Oswalt grew up with his older brother, Brian, and their older sister, Patricia. Jean was an avid baseball fan and taught her kids about the game. Oswalt grew up rooting for the Atlanta Braves.

Oswalt joined the Weir High School football team as a quarterback and the baseball team as a pitcher. He could throw in the mid 80s with good control, but his relatively slight stature (5'10", 150 lbs.) scared away scouts. Oswalt reflected, "I always heard that I was too small." Weir itself was very small in size, making it difficult for scouts to hear about Oswalt. Nonetheless, he was recruited to join the baseball team at Holmes Community College. At Weir High School, Oswalt played defensive back and wide receiver on the football team, which won a state title his senior year. He graduated in a class with 32 students. Oswalt attended Holmes Community College in Goodman, Mississippi, for two years.

Minor league career
Oswalt was spotted by only one MLB scout, James Farrar of the Houston Astros. Convinced that Oswalt's anonymity kept him hidden from other teams, the Astros allowed him to drop into the 23rd round of the 1996 MLB draft. By this point, Oswalt had drawn the attention of the Mississippi State Bulldogs, for whom he had long wanted play. The Astros enticed Oswalt with a $500,000 signing bonus, and he signed with the club on May 18, 1997. Oswalt would eventually become the latest-drafted player to lead his draft class in career Baseball-Reference Wins Above Replacement.

In 1997, Oswalt played rookie ball in the Gulf Coast League, where he gave up only two runs in five starts. He was then called up to the Auburn Doubledays of the New York–Penn League, where he went 2–4 the rest of the way.

Oswalt split 1998 between the same two teams. In 16 innings of work with the Gulf Coast Astros, he struck out 27 batters and walked just one. Oswalt was promoted again to Auburn, where he recorded the league's fourth-lowest ERA (2.18).

During the 1999 season, when Oswalt was with the Class A Michigan Battle Cats in the Midwest League, he began suffering pain in his upper shoulder. A month after the season was over, he was still suffering pain. Team doctors diagnosed the pain as tendinitis earlier in the year, although Oswalt was convinced that his shoulder was torn. A few days after returning home, he was checking the spark plug wires on his pickup truck. He touched one of the spark plug wires, causing the truck's engine to start. The truck's electric current flowed through Oswalt's body, and consequently the muscles in his hand tightened on the spark plug wire. Unable to let go of it, Oswalt grasped the wire for what he said felt like two days, but was probably just a minute. He claimed his foot finally slipped off the truck's bumper and which threw him off the truck. Oswalt told his wife, "My truck done shocked the fire out of me, and my arm don't hurt no more." He finished 1999 with 143 strikeouts and a club-high 13 wins.

Oswalt began 2000 with the Class A Kissimmee Cobras of the Florida State League, going 4–3 with a 2.98 ERA before a player injury on Class AA Round Rock Express of the Texas League led to his promotion. Oswalt was only expected to pitch a few games and had been given a round-trip ticket. But after striking out 15 batters in his first start with the Express, manager Jackie Moore tore up his ticket. Nolan Ryan, owner of the Express and Oswalt's idol, admired his calm demeanor and his aggressiveness so much that he successfully lobbied to keep Oswalt on the roster, where he would go 11–4 with a 1.94 ERA, and record 141 strikeouts over 19 games (18 starts). It was in Round Rock that he met pitching coach Mike Maddux, who counseled the young Oswalt to be economical in his pitch selection by throwing more breaking balls and inducing groundouts early in the count.

As a result of his success at Round Rock, Oswalt was selected to play on the U.S. Olympic baseball team at the 2000 Summer Olympics. In Olympic baseball competition, Oswalt pitched in the semi-finals against South Korea, a game that the U.S. won with a walk-off home run by Doug Mientkiewicz en route to their gold medal finish. Oswalt struck out ten and allowed two runs (1.38 ERA) in his two starts.

In 2001, Oswalt started the season with the Triple-A New Orleans Zephyrs, where he went 2–3 before being called up to the MLB when left-hander Wayne Franklin was optioned down.

2001–2005
Oswalt finished his rookie campaign in 2001 with a 14–3 record and a 2.73 ERA, including a 12–2 mark with a 2.82 ERA in his 20 starts. He finished second in voting for National League Rookie of the Year, losing unanimously to Albert Pujols. He also placed fifth in Cy Young Award voting, which was won by Randy Johnson. He won the Sporting News NL Rookie Pitcher of the Year Award. He pitched 24 consecutive scoreless innings before giving up a home run to Andrés Galarraga of the San Francisco Giants.

The 2002 season was another step forward for Oswalt, who finished the season with a 19–9 record, striking out a career-high 208 batters and finishing with an ERA of 3.01. He tied with Éric Gagné for fourth in Cy Young voting, losing once again to Johnson. From July 27 to September 8, he won a then-club record 9 straight starts before getting a no-decision in an extra innings' Astros loss to the St. Louis Cardinals.

Injuries plagued Oswalt in 2003, but he still recorded a 10–5 record over 21 starts. He started a team no-hitter against the New York Yankees on June 11. Oswalt left after one inning, and 5 more Astros continued to no-hit the Yankees.

He rebounded in 2004 with the first 20-win season of his career, the only National League (NL) pitcher to do so that year. He went 20–10 despite a career-high 3.49 ERA, and struck out 206 batters. He finished third in Cy Young Award voting, behind his teammate Roger Clemens and, once again, Randy Johnson. He also made his first postseason appearance, going 1–0 with a 4.19 ERA in three starts and one relief appearance. He threw two complete-game shutouts during the season, both against the Milwaukee Brewers. He led all NL starters with the fastest average fastball, at 94.0 mph. He won the Darryl Kile Award.

In 2005, Oswalt threw a career-high 241$2⁄3$ innings, striking out 184 batters and only walking 48 on the way to his second consecutive 20-win season – the first Astro to do so since Joe Niekro in 1979–80. He notched a 20–12 record, including a career-best 10-game winning streak from April 10 to July 26, with a 2.94 ERA, and was named to his first Major League Baseball All-Star Game as the National League All-Star Final Vote winner. He was fourth in Cy Young Award balloting, won by Chris Carpenter. In the postseason that year, Oswalt started 4 games and went 3–0. His two seven inning one-run performances netted him the NLCS MVP award, including a three-hit seven strikeout game in Game 6.

2006–2009
Oswalt went 15–8 in 2006 and was named to his second consecutive All-Star team and his final ERA led NL (2.98), and also struck out 166 batters while walking 38. On August 9 of that year, Oswalt hit his first and only career home run in the second inning in a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates, hitting a two-run homer off of Shawn Chacon. On August 29, 2006, Oswalt's 29th birthday, he signed a five-year extension with the Astros totaling $73 million with an option for a 6th year. He again finished fourth in Cy Young Award voting, won by Brandon Webb. On September 18, while pitching against the Cincinnati Reds, Oswalt recorded his 1,000th strikeout, becoming the eighth player in Astros history to reach the milestone.

Before the 2007 season, Roy Oswalt received the second-highest Pitcher Player Value Ranking from Sports Illustrated Baseball Preview Edition. He was rated the best in the NL ahead of Brandon Webb and Chris Carpenter, and was only below the 2006 Triple Crown winner Johan Santana. On July 5, 2007, it was announced Oswalt would replace an injured John Smoltz on the National League All-Star team, making it Oswalt's third consecutive All-Star game appearance. He did not pitch in the All-Star Game, however. On August 13, 2007, Sports Illustrated named Oswalt as one of the top five pitchers (along with Santana, Roy Halladay, Jake Peavy, and Justin Verlander). On September 26, 2007, it was reported that Oswalt was suffering from pain in his left side and it was decided to shut him down for the remainder of the season so as not to risk a more serious injury. He finished the 2007 season throwing 212 innings, his fourth consecutive year of 200 or more innings pitched, a 14–7 record, an ERA of 3.18 and 154 strikeouts.

Although he started off the 2008 season slowly (0–3, 9.00 ERA), a solid second half helped Oswalt reach his highest win total since 2005. Oswalt was able to accomplish this despite landing on the disabled list on July 19 for the first time since 2006. He also set an Astros team record with 32$1⁄3$ scoreless innings. He finished the 2008 season throwing 208$2⁄3$ innings, his fifth consecutive year of 200 or more innings pitched, a 17–10 record, an ERA of 3.54 and 165 strikeouts.

Oswalt is one of 10 major league pitchers who won at least 11 games in each year from 2004 to 2008.

In 2009, Oswalt played for the United States in the World Baseball Classic, appearing in two games. He was the winning pitcher in the contest versus the Netherlands, but was pulled from the semifinal against Japan in the fourth inning after giving up 6 runs.

2010
On July 29, Oswalt was dealt to the Philadelphia Phillies for J. A. Happ and two minor league players, center fielder Anthony Gose, and shortstop Jonathan Villar, playing for Class-A Advanced and Class-A, respectively.

On August 24, Oswalt became the first Phillies pitcher to field in a non-pitching position in 39 years. In a game against the Houston Astros, Phillies' first baseman Ryan Howard was ejected after arguing a checked swing to end the bottom of the 14th inning. Out of offensive reserves, the Phillies moved left fielder Raúl Ibañez to first base and sent Oswalt to play left field. Oswalt acquired one putout in the outfield, but later hit into the final out of the Phillies loss by grounding out in the bottom of the 16th inning. The previous Phillies pitcher to play a position was Bill Wilson, who played third base for one-third of an inning on August 6, 1971.

On September 12, Oswalt pitched his first complete game as a Phillie in a 3–0 win against the New York Mets, allowing four hits and striking out six.

In the 2010 NLDS, Oswalt pitched Game 2 of the Phillies' three-game sweep of the Cincinnati Reds; he gave up four runs in five innings, but the Phillies came back to win 7–4. In the 2010 NLCS against the San Francisco Giants, Oswalt won Game 2 by allowing only one run in eight innings, which was his ninth postseason start without a loss. Oswalt entered Game 4 in the bottom of the ninth inning, attempting to preserve a tie game. However, he could only get two outs in the inning as Oswalt allowed two hits before Juan Uribe drove the winning run from third base on a sacrifice fly. In Game 6, facing elimination, Oswalt allowed two runs in six innings but left with the game tied; the Giants later broke the tie to win that game and the series.

2011
Going into the 2011 season, the Phillies' top four pitchers (Roy Halladay, Cliff Lee, Oswalt, and Cole Hamels) were widely touted as constituting one of the best starting rotations in history.

After a strong start to the 2011 season, Oswalt took a leave of absence from the Phillies on April 27, 2011, citing "personal reasons", namely to check on his family and home after a series of devastating tornadoes in Mississippi. He later spent several weeks on the disabled list due to a back injury. Overall, his season was considered to be disappointing, perhaps due to his back problems.

In the 2011 NLDS, Oswalt started Game 4 with the Phillies leading the St. Louis Cardinals while needing only one more win to advance. Despite being spotted with two runs by the offense in the first, Oswalt allowed five runs in six innings and took the loss. The Phillies also lost Game 5 and were eliminated from the playoffs.

After the 2011 season for the Phillies, the team declined his option, thus making him a free agent.

Texas Rangers (2012)
Oswalt was regarded as one of the top starters on the free agent market and was courted by several teams. ESPN's Jayson Stark reported that Oswalt, only 34 years old and up to that point an elite pitcher, was holding out for the hope of a large salary from a team relatively close to his hometown of Weir, Mississippi. However, several of the teams on Oswalt's list were not interested, and Stark reported that Oswalt's performance in 2011 prevented other teams from offering the money he expected.

On May 29, it was reported that Oswalt had signed a minor league deal with the Texas Rangers.

To get back to form, Roy started four games in the Rangers' minor league system; three games for the Triple-A Round Rock Express and one for the Double-A Frisco RoughRiders. Throughout the four starts, he went 1–1 with a 5.87 ERA.

On June 20, the Rangers announced that Oswalt would make his first start with the major league club on Friday, June 22, a home game against the Colorado Rockies. In his debut with the Rangers, Oswalt pitched 6$2⁄3$ innings. He collected 6 strikeouts, while surrendering 9 hits and one earned run. He received an ovation from the crowd as he exited.

On July 31, the Rangers moved Oswalt to the bullpen after the acquisition of Ryan Dempster.

On August 23, Oswalt made a spot start against the Tampa Bay Rays to give Matt Harrison an extra day of rest. However, he was removed after two innings with soreness in his elbow. On September 11, he was diagnosed with a right forearm strain and did not throw for several days. His first appearance since the injury was on September 24 in a game against the Oakland Athletics. He pitched two scoreless innings of relief. The next day, he pitched 1.1 innings.

Colorado Rockies (2013)
Oswalt agreed to a minor league deal with the Colorado Rockies on May 2, 2013. He made his Rockies debut on June 20 against the Washington Nationals, pitching 5 innings and giving up 4 earned runs on 9 hits with 11 strikeouts.

Retirement
Oswalt retired after the 2013 season and went to work for his former agent. Oswalt, along with former teammate Lance Berkman signed a one-day contract with Houston to officially retire as an Astro on April 5, 2014.

Oswalt was first eligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2019. He received 4 votes, or 0.9%, which is less than the 5% threshold and thus became ineligible for further consideration. Oswalt was inducted into the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame on August 3, 2019.

Pitching style
Oswalt threw the following five pitches:
 * Four-seam fastball – His main pitch, 91 –
 * Two-seam fastball – 90 –
 * Curveball – 68 –
 * Changeup – 81 –
 * Slider – 83 –

Oswalt's repertoire and approach evolved over time. His changeup was originally a rarely used circle change. However, in 2010, he changed the grip to make it more similar to a "fosh" grip. Originally a fastball-curveball pitcher, Oswalt made his changeup part of his standard repertoire. He threw it only 4% of the time in 2008, but that jumped to 19% by 2011. He says it also helped compensate for slightly reduced fastball velocity as a result of his age.

His curveball was a common 2-strike offering, and his changeup was frequently used in those counts to right-handed hitters. He also often used the change as a substitute for a fastball when he was behind in the count. He liked to work his fastball high in the strike zone: "It's often the best pitch for me to throw to a guy who is sitting on a fastball. If I throw it high, a lot of times he'll swing and not catch up to it."

Oswalt had good control throughout his career. He appeared in the top 10 in the National League in BB/9 rate seven times, as well as six times in strikeout-to-walk ratio. He also finished four seasons without making an error. He finished his career with a .982 fielding percentage, committing only nine errors in 487 total chances over 2245.1 innings pitched.

Oswalt was known as one of the faster workers in baseball in terms of time between pitches.

Personal life
Oswalt is married and has three daughters. They reside in Starkville, Mississippi. In 2021, he opened a steakhouse in Starkville named "44 Prime."

title: Roy Oswalt


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Talk:Maria Montessori

Semi-protected edit request on 20 June 2023
Hello, I would like to add the Portuguese titles and editions of Maria Montessori books (Works). I will use https://kirion.com.br/index.php?route=product/author&author_id=930 as a reference. Those are official translations approved by AMI (https://montessori-ami.org/). Kind regards. --Feliperoquette (talk) 16:47, 20 June 2023 (UTC) Feliperoquette (talk) 16:47, 20 June 2023 (UTC)
 * I was about to instinctively respond with "No, this is the English Wikipedia and we don't list extensive non-English translations". And then I checked the "Works" section myself and realised that there were quite a few non-English versions of works. As a long-term editor of this article, I've boldly removed them; we don't normally list other language versions like that in a bibliography. The list would probably become very unwieldy very quickly if it listed all translations. Graham 87 03:48, 21 June 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Maria Montessori


text:
User talk:Volcanopele

Zamama_(volcano)
Hey there this ionian volcano page needs the attention of an expert like yourself. AmmarBanafea (talk) 21:37, 16 April 2015 (UTC) Thanks for building wikipedia with your efforts.

Polydeuces (moon)
Whence the orbital details (inclination, etc.)?

Urhixidur 00:22, 2005 Feb 25 (UTC)

 * (Copy of answer received through e-mail):
 * The orbital elements come from C. C. Porco et al. Cassini Imaging Science: Initial Results on Saturn's Rings and Small Satellites. Science, Vol 307, Issue 5713, 1226-1236, 25 February 2005, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/307/5713/1226
 * Volcanopele

 * I've added the reference to the page's links. Thanks.
 * Urhixidur 02:22, 2005 Mar 1 (UTC)

Hi, similar question to above. It'd be great to include some kind of reference for the improved diameter estimate. If it's not put in, it becomes a bane a year or two down the track because it can become hard to track down where it came from, and doubts appear :-) Deuar 22:38, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Done and Done. I should also note that recent disk resolved images seemed to confirm this size, which I what reminded me to change that number.--Volcanopele 22:59, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * That was fast! By the way thanks for all the excellent research on Saturn's icy moons you Cassini guys have been doing, and the way it's released rapidly to the public. It's really appreciated. Deuar 23:11, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Enceladus
Just wanted to commend you on the great job you've done on not only the Enceladus article itself, but the pages for its surface features! I think they are an example that the rest of the surface feature pages should be worked on to match. Keep up the great work! --Patteroast 17:34, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Congratulations on getting this to featured status. Great article, I enjoyed reading it. --BillC 16:20, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Hi, I noticed you cropped the Enceladus image even further (which is fine, though I prefer at least some blackness around it), but what strikes me is the image appears much sharper. Did you sharpen it, because I already applied a smart sharpen in Photoshop CS2? This just looks too excessive even for my taste, it's starting to get that Voyager processing feel to it. Ugo 07:01, 24 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I can revert it, no problem. The sharpening is meant to remove some of the smoothing effects caused by the PSF, I'll let you mess with that to your liking.  I trimmed it so it would work better as the title image. --Volcanopele 18:03, 24 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Alright, a new cropped version is up, but without additional sharpening as it was already sharpened (the "smart sharpen" filter used actually does something similar to deconvolution). Ugo 20:35, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Good job on the Enceladus-related articles from me, too. I've been doing a lot of cleanup and reorganization related to planetary surface features lately and I was surprised to find that wee little Enceladus was the most thoroughly written-about of Saturn's moons, at least as far as articles about surface features go. Was expecting Titan to be getting all the attention. :) Bryan Derksen (talk) 04:11, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

newly named Uranus moons
Hello, you have recently changed some Uranus moons to the names Cupid, Mab, Perdita, Francisco and Ferdinand. Can you please give me a reference for the naming of these satellites, as i was not able to find an official confirmation.

Thanks, --Gunter.krebs 19:41, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

 * http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html contains a list of Satellite names provided by the organization that does the naming. Definitely the first place to check for new official names.  Volcanopele 17:56, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much for the info --Gunter.krebs 10:07, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:EN011 Color.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:EN011 Color.jpg. Wikipedia gets hundreds of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Media copyright questions. 21:05, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Allow me...

 * Sweet!! Thank you so much.  Now on to another moon... --Volcanopele 19:46, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
 * How about Titan? Reyk  YO!  23:56, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
 * sigh* I might as well. It is on my to-do list.  Personally, I'd prefer to start by infusing the other major Saturnian moon articles with Cassini-derived info.  The Mimas article doesn't even have some of the best images taken by Cassini of the surface. The Janus article has no image from Cassini.  The Titan article is in serious need of rehauling.  I have suggested an outline in the talk page, but I haven't had time to implement it. --Volcanopele 00:40, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

Venus
Hi there! I saw the Astronomy collaboration of the week you added to Venus. You might like to know that Venus is currently a featured article candidate. Within the last few weeks, Worldtraveller and I have created a new version, which has been nominated for FA status. You might like to add comments on the current article there. Regards, BillC 21:45, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
 * sigh* okay, ACOTW changed to Mars. Thanks for the heads up. --Volcanopele 22:02, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Eritrea
I was wondering if you would be interested in helping me improve the article Eritrea to FA status? I think it already has plenty of content it just needs to have its language cleared up. If you would I would really appreciate it! Merhawie 18:57, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

Europa (moon)
I like the work youve done on Enceladus, and would like for Europa to become a GA, it needs a copy-edit/cleanup... and you seem to do a good job, reckon you could pop over and have an edit? -- Nbound 05:44, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Laomedeia?
I noticed the new names on the Neptune's natural satellites page, so I went to add them onto the Timeline of Natural Satellites... after I did so, I noticed the link to Laomedeia redirected to Halimede, by your edit. I'm quite confused by this point. What's going on? --Patteroast 23:03, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I got confused as to which name applied to S/ 2002 N 1. So I first moved that article to Halimede, then to Laomedeia.  When I got an email from the IAU naming group about which names applied to which moons, I moved it back to Halimede.  However, because of that incorrect move, Laomedeia redirects to Halimede.  For now, use Laomedeia until we can get that fixed. --Volcanopele 23:14, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I have submitted a request for an uncontroversial move of S/2002 N 3 to Laomedeia (moon). In the meantime, Laomedeia (moon) now redirects to S/2002 N 3, as it should. RandomCritic 09:09, 1 February 2007 (UTC)
 * The move to Laomedeia (moon) has been completed. RandomCritic 11:37, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Quaoar's moon and IAUC 8812
You wanted to full text of IAUC 8812. Here it is:

Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION Mailstop 18, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. IAUSUBS@CFA.HARVARD.EDU or FAX 617-495-7231 (subscriptions) CBAT@CFA.HARVARD.EDU (science) URL http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/cbat.html ISSN 0081-0304 Phone 617-495-7440/7244/7444 (for emergency use only)

SATELLITES OF 2003 AZ_84, (50000), (55637), AND (90482)

M. E. Brown and T.-A. Suer, California Institute of Technology, report the discoveries of four satellites of large transneptunian objects from observations with the Hubble Space Telescope High Resolution Camera (+ F606W filter). Observations of (55637) 2002 UX_25 on 2005 Aug. 26.64 UT detected a satellite that was 2.5 +/- 0.2 mag fainter than the primary at a separation of 0".164 +/- 0".003 in p.a. 153 +/- 2 degrees. Observations of (90482) Orcus on 2005 Nov. 13.13 detected a satellite that was 2.7 +/- 1 magnitude fainter than the primary at a separation of 0".25 +/- 0".01 in p.a. 128 +/- 1 deg. Observations of 2003 AZ_84 on 2005 Dec. 2.99 detected a satellite that was 5.0 +/- 0.3 mag fainter than the primary at a separation of 0".22 +/- 0".01 in p.a. 321 +/- 2 deg. Observations of (50000) Quaoar on 2006 Feb. 14.90 detected a satellite that was 5.6 +/- 0.2 mag fainter than the primary at a separation of 0".35 +/- 0".01 in p.a. 110 +/- 1 deg.

V1281 SCORPII

H. Naito and S. Narusawa, Nishi-Harima Astronomical Observatory; and H. Yamaoka, Kyushu University, report that a low-resolution spectrogram (range 410-670 nm; resolution 1600 at H_alpha) of the possible nova reported on IAUC 8810 was obtained on Feb. 21.84 UT with the 2.0-m NAYUTA telescope (+ MALLS). The spectrum shows a broad H_alpha line with a P-Cyg profile (the FWHM of the emission component is about 1800 km/s), along with many other weaker lines, indicating that the star is indeed a classical nova. A narrow Na I D absorption feature suggests the existence of considerable interstellar reddening. Yamaoka adds that Y. Fujita (Kuma-Kogen, Ehime, Japan) made a prediscovery CCD image of the area of the nova with a Nikon D50 camera (+ 105-mm f/2 camera lens) on Feb. 18.850, and the nova was not visible to limiting mag 11.6. N. N. Samus, Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, reports that this nova has been given the designation V1281 Sco.

V1280 SCORPII

C. Buil, Castanet, France, reports that an optical spectrogram of V1280 Sco obtained on Feb. 20.20 UT using a 0.28-m Schmidt- Cassegrain telescope (+ Lhires spectrograph) shows an H_alpha P-Cyg profile and a FWHM of 730 km/s; the intensity of the H_alpha peak intensity is 2.3 times the local 670-nm continuum. CCD magnitudes by J. D. West, Mulvane, KS: Feb. 21.467 UT, H = 2.87 +/- 0.06; 21.483, V = 4.73 +/- 0.01.

2007 February 22              (8812)            Daniel W. E. Green

regards, Chesnok 13:17, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Sweet, thanks a bunch! Not sure how to turn that info into something for the Quaoar article.  I think it at least mentions that Quaoar has a moon.  --Volcanopele 18:27, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Io (moon)
I noticed it was languishing in the list of former featured articles and popped over to buck it up a bit, but you seem to have rescued it already. I've given it a bit of a copy-edit and knocked out some redundancy, but it seems in good shape. Are you planning on expanding it further (I don't see that it is lacking anything), or shall we send it back to FAC? Cheers Yomangani talk 13:01, 25 May 2007 (UTC)
 * There are a few things that can be added. The most important section that needs fixing is the "Interaction with Magnetosphere" section.  Right now, it is just copied from the old article that seemed to refer to that interaction, but more needs to be added on the Io Flux Tube, the Sodium cloud, the Io plasma torus, and Io's effects on Jupiter's magnetosphere in general.  Being a geologist and NOT as plasma physicist makes this a difficult section for me to write.  Once that section gets cleaned up, and maybe the atmosphere section as well, I would like to send this to a peer review first, as well as get some input from some of my fellow Io researchers.  --Volcanopele 16:13, 25 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Perhaps the "Interaction with Magnetosphere" could stand a tiny expansion but I'd be wary of writing what should be a separate article in there. I'm not sure the Atmosphere section needs anything adding. How do you feel about the cite templates for references? There are a few inconsistencies in the citations that they would iron out but I know not everybody is a fan of them. (and if I haven't made it clear, I think it's an impressive piece of work - halfway through copy-editing I suddenly thought "I bet it is up at FAC already" and was surprised when I didn't see the banner on the talk page). Yomangani talk 17:02, 25 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, I don't think we need to go as long as a separate article, though that makes me wary of expanding some of the other section for fear we would be entering that territory. I certainly feel though that "Volcanism on Io" should have an article all its own.  --Volcanopele 17:14, 25 May 2007 (UTC)
 * WRT the cite templates, I don't think they are perfect, and prefer to use my own style, based loosely on the Science magazine format, with article titles included to act as an anchor for links. So one of the things that also needs to get fixed is to use a common citation format.  However, I understand the need for them, top maintain some style consistency across Wikipedia, and will use them for that reason.  --Volcanopele 17:27, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Polydeuces
Hello !

At the end of Talk:Polydeuces_(moon), User:Rebjon21 seems to suggest that the article mention the team only and be unblocked. Do I understand that this satisfies you ? If no objection is made, the article will be unprotected shortly, which is somewhat overdue.

Thank you in advance and good continuation. Rama 18:39, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

Barnstar

 * Sweet! Thanks.  --Volcanopele 22:07, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Cryovolcano
Sorry to have to ask this, but are you sure that image is from Torola Macula? I got that image from a page claiming it was Genesa Macula, but it could have been wrong.  Serendi pod ous  19:27, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, I am 100% positive that that is Tortola Facula :) Ganesa Macula and Tortola Facula The page for Ganesa Macula has the correct image from Cassini RADAR.  --Volcanopele 20:44, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Titan
Could you give Titan another read-though? Let me know if we've addressed your concerns. Thx.  Serendi pod ous  11:07, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Uranus
This article is currently a FA candidate. Since you are an expert in planetary sciences, may I ask you to review Uranus? Comments can be left here. Ruslik 13:14, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

HI!!
Hi Volcanopele, my name is Oscar and I´m from Mexico. I´m doing an english high school project that consists on doing an essay of the main characteristics of a foreign university. First of all,I would like to know if you are able to help me with the information I could need in this project. By the way, I will really appreciate your help, read you later...ciao. Yacopop 01:20, 17 September 2007 (UTC)YacopopYacopop 01:20, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Would you be interested in visiting global cooling?
I've got a frustrating situation over at global cooling where the global warming crowd are denying that there's anybody currently holding that we're in the lead in for a bout of global cooling. Whether we are or not is beyond me but it's rather obvious from even a cursory google search that some people do believe it so. They don't want to talk about it. They don't want to give any reason for challenging. It's the same old run around of asking for sources for everything including where the sun rises and challenging the sourcing until one gives up. Global Cooling is interesting because it's not structured as entirely a science article but rather a combination science and popular press article. They're denying that the popular press has any articles on it. TMLutas (talk) 01:17, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

Volcanism on Io FAC
Hey VP, I forgot to ask this earlier, but would you mind if I co-sponsored the FAC? — Huntster (t • @ • c) 03:06, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

 * No problem, you have helped a lot on this article. --Volcanopele (talk) 04:11, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

Congrats VP, Volcanism on Io is now in the Featured Article class! — Huntster (t • @ • c) 22:14, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Just thought I'd throw in my congrats as well. The article looks great! - Yohhans talk 19:06, 22 October 2008 (UTC)

VP, thought I'd let you know, the Volcanism on Io article [|will appear on the main page] on November 10, 2008. Yay! — Huntster (t • @ • c) 05:25, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

NowCommons: File:EN011 Tiger stripes.jpg
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Dysnomia
Volcanopele, where do the figures for eccentricity and inclination come from that you added to Dysnomia back in June 2007 ? I have just read the reference fully, but there are no figures for eccentricity and inclination included in that reference. --Franklin Demenge (talk) 14:42, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

Erdos number
Congrats on the improvement of your Erdos number! :D — Huntster (t @ c) 00:00, 14 October 2009 (UTC)
 * LOL, wow you caught that. Yeah, just found out that an earlier co-author of mine, Jack Wisdom, has an Erdos number of 4, which is smaller than what I previously used as a reference, Carl Sagan, who I'm two papers removed from.  --Volcanopele (talk) 00:15, 14 October 2009 (UTC)

VIMS Titan specular reflection observation
Just curious - what body of liquid (if known) is the reflection off, and is there a reference for that? Thanks, WolfmanSF (talk) 09:18, 18 December 2009 (UTC)
 * It is at a lake located at 71N, 337W, just west of Kraken Mare, according to the NASA/JPL Press release. This relatively large lake (230x70 km) doesn't currently have a name.  The lake can be seen in the USGS/Cassini RADAR labeled map of the north polar region to the lower left of the areas labeled Kraken Mare.  --Volcanopele (talk) 10:37, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Discovery date for Ganymede
Would you be interested in updating the dates for the Galilean satellites in Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons with appropriate references? RandomCritic (talk) 15:01, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Fixed. --Volcanopele (talk) 18:31, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks! RandomCritic (talk) 19:38, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

Edit War on Ganymede
Thankfully, the issue seems to be resolved, but you were edit warring on what was at the time WP:TFA, with six reverts, so I'm bringing this up at WP:AN3. I'm reporting User:Katydidit as well.--Noren (talk) 23:26, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Understood. Thank you for the notice.  --Volcanopele (talk) 05:26, 16 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm closing both those AN3 reports since they're old enough to be considered stale. I remind you that the beauty and the horror of WP:3RR is that it doesn't care whether you're right - and the article being prominently featured doesn't alter that. dispute resolution (including talk page discussion, as you were doing) is sometimes frustratingly slow, but that's how it is. If a similar thing happens again on a frontpage article, you could post at WP:ANI to get quick input without feeling that you need to breach 3RR. Rd232 talk 12:33, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

DYK nomination of Thor
Replied at WT:DYK. Please do fix images. Materialscientist (talk) 23:28, 5 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for clarifying images. Changed the image in Queu 6. Not sure about "Io with Thor pictured", suggestions are welcome. Sorry, I should get to you much earlier on that - just chain of events was such that someone else promoted those hooks and I was then hectically fixing them ;-) The original grayscale image of Thor is fine scientifically, but not appealing for non-specialists. Materialscientist (talk) 00:25, 6 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm fine with "Io pictured" or what you have "Io with Thor pictured", though I think without a detailed explanation, one too long for a hook, it maybe difficult to tell where Thor is in that image. Regardless, this image I think is more applicable to Thor. --Volcanopele (talk) 05:01, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

Thank you
Thank you for your comments. My hunband and I drove to Fargo/Moorhead this weekend and I haunted libraries while he was at his meetings. I found very little information about the Saganagan Orogeny. (For some reason their libraries don't focus on northeastern Minnesota. LOL)

I believe it is one of the oldest orogenies. I will continue to search.

Again, thank you for your comments. I do appreciate them. Bettymnz4 (talk) 22:17, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Exploration of Io
Thanks for all your good work on the above (and other) articles. There's a bunch of issues identified at the FAC for this article. Hope you will be able to drop in to look at addressing them. Regards, hamiltonstone (talk) 02:38, 30 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I am not sure why this failed at FAC. The point that some of the writing was kind of stilted an awkward is valid, but I thought we were making good progress fixing the prose. I suspect the fact that work on the article kind of halted for easter weekend may have been what did it in. I will keep trying to copyedit some sections. I suspect it could be made ready to pass in a few weeks. It is hard to copyedit because it is long and technically detailed, but I think it is a great article that merits the work it will take to get it through.Rusty Cashman (talk) 19:45, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

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Nomination of Samad (crater) for deletion
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Upcoming Wikimedia events in Missouri and Kansas!
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Come to the First Topeka Meetup, January 15!

Come celebrate Wikipedia Day with other Kansas Wikipedians sponsored by Wikimedians Active in Local Regions in the United States (WALRUS) and hosted by the Topeka and Shawnee Public Library. Come chat, hang out and enjoy good company while find out more about Wikipedia in our regional community! RSVP at Meetup/Topeka/Wikipedia_Day.

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Tucson Spacefest Edit-a-thon Invitation
Hey there - Just running down the list of peeps who have Arizona userboxes, and was pleasantly surprised to see your familiar handle. My name is Maia and I'm friendly with a bunch of your colleagues. BTW, you may enjoy the Ski Enceladus userbox I created recently :) Anyhoo... I'm organizing a meetup during Spacefest in two weeks as a way to a) honor Sally Ride; b) get some more women in the space sciences represented on Wikipedia; and c) encourage new Wiki editors and meet with experienced editors in the area. I'm a member of the Boston/New England Wiki chapter and have run a couple of successful edit-a-thons within the past year. I'm actually hoping to secure some Wikipedia swag to bring to the event... Anyway, here's the edit-a-thon landing page on Spacefest, and below you can find the event page itself. If you're around and can join us, I'd love to meet you! Even if not, if you know anyone who might be interested, please send them our way. Cheers and thanks. Girona7 (talk) 20:03, 12 May 2013 (UTC)

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Enceladus
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Opinion request
Hello colleague,

I am interested in the Middle Ages too.

I created Category:Medieval civilizations which is part of Category:Civilizations by time. The former is nominated for deletion and at the moment the vote is 2:0 in favor of deletion. I am used to deletions, but this time I am stunned. I do not believe there is no place for such a category. I believe that most people with interest in history would agree that civilizations existed in the Middle Ages. I ask people to contribute their opinion to the discussion. Regards,--Maxaxa (talk) 02:46, 1 November 2022 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Volcanopele


text:
Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" is a song written by Stephen Stills and performed by Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN). It appeared on the group's self-titled debut album in 1969 and was released as a single, reaching number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart. In Canada, "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" peaked at number 11. The song imitates the form of a classical music suite as an ordered set of musical pieces.

Background
The title "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" (a play on words for "Sweet Judy Blue Eyes") refers to Stephen Stills' former girlfriend, singer/songwriter Judy Collins, and the lyrics to most of the suite's sections consist of his thoughts about her and their imminent breakup. During a July 15, 2007 interview for the National Public Radio program All Things Considered, Stills revealed that Collins was present in the studio when the demo tapes were recorded and had advised him, "Don't stay in here [in the studio] all night now." Stills also commented that the breakup with Collins "was imminent. ... We were just a little too big for one house." Stills said that he liked parts of this demo version of "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" better than the released version; the song and other demos of early Crosby, Stills and Nash songs were released commercially on the album Just Roll Tape.

Collins and Stills had met in 1967 and dated for two years. In 1969, she was appearing in the New York Shakespeare Festival musical production of Peer Gynt and had fallen in love with her co-star Stacy Keach, eventually leaving Stills for him. Stills was devastated by the possible breakup and wrote the song as a response to his sadness. In a 2000 interview, Collins gave her impressions of when she first heard the song:

"[Stephen] came to where I was singing one night on the West Coast and brought his guitar to the hotel and he sang me "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes," the whole song. And of course it has lines in it that referred to my therapy. And so he wove that all together in this magnificent creation. So the legacy of our relationship is certainly in that song."

Collins elaborated in a 2017 interview:

"Afterwards, we both cried – and then I said: "Oh, Stephen, it’s such a beautiful song. But it’s not winning me back." I’ve always understood that people have to write about their lives. Most of all, I felt the song was flattering and heartbreaking – for both of us. Neither one of us walked away from that relationship relieved. We were feeling like, "Whoa, what happened?”"

Composition
The recording features an acoustic guitar tuned to EEEEBE ("Bruce Palmer Modal Tuning" ) vs. the standard EADGBE tuning. This style of tuning would later be used for the Déjà Vu songs "4+20" and "Carry On".

"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" has four distinct sections. The shortened version released as a single cut the second and fourth verses from the first section, the third and fourth verses from the second section, and the final verse and preceding break from the third section, and shortened the guitar break between the second and the third sections. The final section is the only part that stayed fully intact.

The first section has four verses, featuring a chorus of "I am yours, you are mine, you are what you are." The lead vocal is performed by Stills, with Crosby and Nash providing harmonies.

The second section is performed in half-time relative to the first section, and features four verses of three-part harmony from the band, with Stills performing a brief vocal solo between the second and third.

This is followed by Stills' acoustic guitar solo, beginning the next section.

The third section features poetic lyrics ("chestnut brown canary, ruby-throated sparrow"). Each of the three phrases is initially sung by Stills, with Nash then joining, and finally Crosby. Connecting the phrases are instrumental breaks performed by Stills on acoustic guitar. There is a conga‑type sound at the end of the song that was attained by beating the back of his Martin guitar.

The final section is sung in Spanish, with "doo-doo-doo-doo-doo" backing vocals until the song concludes. Stills has said that he intentionally made the final stanzas unexpected and difficult, even using a foreign language for the lyrics, "just to make sure nobody would understand it".

Live performances
The final section of the song is included on the CSNY live album 4 Way Street. It fades in on the opening of side one of the album. CSN also performed "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" as their opening song at the Woodstock and Live Aid festivals, and their performance at the former is featured in the film Woodstock (1970).

Critical reception
Writing for The New York Times in 1969, Robert Christgau suggested that while "Stills has become such a sophisticated guitarist that many of his lines lack any straight-on rhythmic compulsion", his "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" is "a structural triumph which could never have been brought off by a more Dionysiac spirit."

"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" was named the 51st greatest song ever in a 2000 list by VH1. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked it number 418 in the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. It was also included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's "500 Songs That Shaped Rock & Roll".

"I love the intricacies of the harmonies and Stills's guitar work," remarked Slipknot front-man Corey Taylor. "This is a favourite."

Legacy
"Weird Al" Yankovic includes a parody ("Mission Statement") on his 2014 album Mandatory Fun; the lyrics are corporate buzzwords strung together in such a way as to be ultimately nonsensical.

The final section has been parodied numerous times, notably in Frank Zappa's compositions "Billy the Mountain" and "Magdalena" on The Mothers of Invention's album Just Another Band From L.A. It is also sampled in the 2010 Cypress Hill song "Armada Latina".

title: Suite: Judy Blue Eyes


text:
Água Retorta

Água Retorta is a civil parish in the municipality of Povoação, on the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 489, in an area of 12.55 km2. Situated along the southeast coast, it is the smallest and most eastern parish in the municipality.

History
The early settlement of Água Retorta, which had its origin with the settlement of Faial da Terra, occurred with the reestablishment of colonists from old Povoação. Água Retorta became important due to the abundance of farms that existed in this territory. The place name, as Gaspar Frutuoso wrote, was inspired by a ravine "that twisted and turned", that by the 16th century developed into a land of many farms. His description in Saudades da Terra: "From here progresses the lands of Nordeste, all in land of high cliffs, where two lengths below is the beach, called Água Retorta, because [the water] twists and turns". Paraphrasing Gaspar Frutuoso, Urbano de Mendonça Dias affirmed that the name was derived from the twists the ravine made, as it descended to rocks in the sea.

Friar Agostinho Montalverne identified the parish as falling within the jurisdiction of the local authority of Faial da Terra, and clergy of the ecumenical parish of Nossa Senhora da Graça. At that time, its vicar indicated the existence of 103 homes in the village, a population of 74, as well as a small hermitage dedicated to Nossa Senhora da Penha de França. This hermitage was founded by Pedro Barbosa da Silva, and constructed in 1871. In addition to this chapel, there existed another temple to the invocation of Nossa Senhora das Mercês, situated in Fajã do Calhau, on land that pertained to D. Ermelinda Pacheco Gago da Câmara, but which was destroyed during a storm in 1875.

Even by the 17th century, the citizenry of Água Retorta were ambitious to become an independent ecclesiastical parish, a fact that occurred by the end of that decade.

There is another location, Labaçal, important in the history of Água Retorta. It is situated within the vicinity of the parish, an area of approximately 500 alqueires of thicket, 400 m above sea level.

On 3 July 1839, an official law 161 (dated 10 July 1839), decreed by Queen Maria II, elevated the Água Retorta to a civil parish, as well as the smaller hamlets Terra Chã, Lomba das Fagundas and Fajã do Calhau.

Geography
Água Retorta is located along the southeast corner of the island of São Miguel, within the municipality of Povoação, east of the municipality of Vila Franca do Campo, west of Nordeste, and south of Ribeira Grande. The community is connected by the Regional E.R.1-1ª Roadway directly to town of Nordeste and Faial da Terra, and through the mountains and valleys to the regional center of Ponta Delgada (some 75 km away).

It consists of several smaller localities, along with the main village of Água Retorta: Terra Chã, Lomba das Fagundas and Fajã do Calhau.

After a certain time, the population of the parish began to emigrate to America, in search of better conditions. From the 1960 census, there were 1253 residents in the parish. Between 1960 and 1970 the population had decreased by 35%, the highest decrease in population on the island during that period. By 1981, there were 617 inhabitants (of which 183 families) residing in 378 homes, within the parish. By 2001, the parish counted 497 residents.

Civic

 * Musical Society of Nossa Senhora da Penha da França (Sede da Sociedade Musical de Nossa Senhora da Penha da França), founded on 20 May 1947, by Duarte Raposo do Couto Resendes, Luís Pereira and José Raposo Carreiro, as a centre for musical study and recreation; its headquarters was constructed in 1962.

Religious
There are four teatros or impérios dedicated to the Cult of the Holy Spirit within the parish: three in Terra Chã and another in Lomba das Fagundas. The population continues to maintain the faithful tradition and devotion, with their annual feasts.
 * Church of Nossa Senhora da Penha de França (Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Penha de França), constructed between 1871 and 1885, with the belltower an example of the original hermitage erected by Captain Pedro Barbosa da Silva, in the 17th century. The church is constructed of basalt and masonry, painted in white, with sculpted stone around the doorways, windows and belfry, in the Mannerist style typical of other Micalense churches.

title: Água Retorta


text:
Talk:What's up?

Page deletion
This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/What's up. There was no consensus. dbenbenn | talk 00:24, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

For a March 2005 deletion debate over this page see Votes for deletion/What's up 2

 * I don't think this should be deleted. This is something on language and slangs. — Stevey7788 (talk) 04:15, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It helped me get the meaning of the phrase "What's up?" I could not find the meaning at google easily. Although it may not be encyclopaedic, it should be kept. vedant (talk • contribs) 20:32, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think it should be deleted; I see no reason for deleting pages on slangs when the content merits a page of it's own. I do believe that it needs to be re-written, though. --Vansice 18:49, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * There is no way this page should be deleted. Frankly, I'm aghast that users would vote to delete useful stuff like this. --Amit 00:20, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * This subject is suitable for a dictionary, and it has already gone to Wiktionary. It has absolutely no independent content that warrants a Wikipedia article.  I support deletion. Chaparral2J (talk) 04:01, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Appropriate replies to "What's up?"
Just what are the appropriate replies to "What's up?" I hope there is a better one than the silly "nothing" or "not much" replies. --Amit 00:20, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Explain, in detail, everything that has been occurring in your life recently, including ongoing circumstances in which you are involved. Under no conditions will you be permitted to say "the sky", "the ceiling", or any variant thereof. End of message. -Silence 00:27, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Not quite... but there have been various phrases that have enjoyed more common usage at various times... In DC, the answer is "Same-O Same-O", that has been standard for decades...  "Nothin'" and "Not much" were both fairly common elsewhere, a fairly new one in parts of the South is "Hey're you doin?" ("How are you doing?")  Let me know if you hear of any others...! 70.105.44.73 01:15, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * There seems to be some degree of conflict on whether explaining what's going on in your life is an appropriate response to the question. --Amit 01:30, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

What's the haps?
I think we should include the phrase "What's the haps?". It also definitely needs a cleanup, so I will mark it as such. Mind flux 19:26, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Or it needs its own article. Mind flux 21:42, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it needs its own article but only if it's notable, which is something I doubt. So unless you have real notable info to write about it, I think a better place for such slang might be Wiktionary or Urban Dictionary. Note that "What's the haps" gives a relatively meagre 40,100 hits on Google, whereas "What's up" gives a whopping 30,000,000. --Amit 00:31, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

 * "what's the haps?" what are you talking about. no one says that.

AAVE?
What makes "whassup" AAVE, exactly? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.33.24.135 (talk) 04:58, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

2008-05-1 Automated pywikipediabot message
--CopyToWiktionaryBot (talk) 02:54, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:What's up?


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Book of morty

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 01:16, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)

Book of morty
Non-notable "book", apparently otherwise unpublished, posted to a web forum today. (From the single google hit, go to the 'cached' version) Niteowlneils 00:24, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd say BJAODN if it wasn't just vanity, so let's go with Delete. --InShaneee 18:12, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, at this point the phrase "Book of Morty" gets two hits on google - this page, and a copy of it. Neither one is even the actual "Book of Morty" article. Delete. --teucer
 * Fanfic or what? delete anyway. Radiant! 10:44, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's fun, and made me smile, but it doesn't fit here. Reluctant but firm delete. Miss Pippa 22:24, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Near-BJAODN.  Bart133 (t)
 * Imagine where we'd be if the Bible came up for deletion 2000 years ago for being "not notable"... Delete.  Kbdank71 20:08, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Professor Birch

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was ambiguous.

I count 9 clear "delete" votes, 3 clear "keep" votes and 3 clear "merge" votes. The opinion of the nominator is, in this case, ambigous. While there is a clear majority to delete, there is not the overwhelming concensus necessary to carry out deletion. The decision defaults to keep for now. Rossami (talk) 07:17, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Professor Birch
More pseudo-professor-cruft? Are stubs regarding non-existent and fictitious professors inherently encyclopedic? With 280 unique google hits what makes this "person" notable? Does Wikipedia hold a biased and lower standard for inclusion of Pokémon professors than they would for actual professors of note in the real world? Discuss. GRider\talk <!-- DO NOT REMOVE Error in numRows: Deadlock found when trying to get lock; Try restarting transaction
 * Delete, minor fictious character, pokemon fancruft. Megan1967 01:21, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to a page on Pokemon characters. -Sean Curtin 03:54, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * No reason not to merge. Meelar (talk)
 * Plenty of reasons not to merge. The existence of Professor Birch, director of Deakin University’s Corporate Citizenship Research Unit, for example. Or Professor Leann Birch, of Pennsylvania State University. Average Earthman 11:02, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh yes, and delete. Average Earthman 17:55, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: fancruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 07:54, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable info.  ComCat 09:02, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pokecruft. --Bucephalus 14:34, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-noteable fancruft. Martg76 19:34, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Birch is a very notable character in the Pokémon universe, as, like Oak, Elm, and Ivy, the character sets up the premise of most of AG. kelvSYC 17:53, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to a page about Pokémon professors. Sinistro 00:20, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep c.f. Professor Oak. This page can presumeably be expanded.--ZayZayEM 12:47, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable fancruft. Indrian 04:33, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The Recycling Troll 09:40, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. More pokemon fancruft. Maybe merbe a sentence or two somewhere. This pokemon crap needs serious cleaning up. -R. fiend 17:57, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete pokecruft. —Korath (Talk) 05:48, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)

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* Database.php line 502 calls wfdebugdiebacktrace * User.php line 452 calls databasemysql::numrows * SkinTemplate.php line 254 calls user::getnewtalk * OutputPage.php line 417 calls skinmonobook::outputpage * OutputPage.php line 614 calls outputpage::output * Database.php line 360 calls outputpage::databaseerror * Database.php line 309 calls databasemysql::reportqueryerror * Database.php line 885 calls databasemysql::query * LinksUpdate.php line 84 calls databasemysql::insert * index.php line 207 calls linksupdate::doupdate

-->

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Smooth structure

In mathematics, a smooth structure on a manifold allows for an unambiguous notion of smooth function. In particular, a smooth structure allows mathematical analysis to be performed on the manifold.

Definition
A smooth structure on a manifold $$M$$ is a collection of smoothly equivalent smooth atlases. Here, a smooth atlas for a topological manifold $$M$$ is an atlas for $$M$$ such that each transition function is a smooth map, and two smooth atlases for $$M$$ are smoothly equivalent provided their union is again a smooth atlas for $$M.$$ This gives a natural equivalence relation on the set of smooth atlases.

A smooth manifold is a topological manifold $$M$$ together with a smooth structure on $$M.$$

Maximal smooth atlases
By taking the union of all atlases belonging to a smooth structure, we obtain a maximal smooth atlas. This atlas contains every chart that is compatible with the smooth structure. There is a natural one-to-one correspondence between smooth structures and maximal smooth atlases. Thus, we may regard a smooth structure as a maximal smooth atlas and vice versa.

In general, computations with the maximal atlas of a manifold are rather unwieldy. For most applications, it suffices to choose a smaller atlas. For example, if the manifold is compact, then one can find an atlas with only finitely many charts.

Equivalence of smooth structures
If $$\mu$$ and $$\nu$$ are two maximal atlases on $$M$$ the two smooth structures associated to $$\mu$$ and $$\nu$$ are said to be equivalent if there is a diffeomorphism $$f : M \to M$$ such that $$\mu \circ f = \nu.$$

Exotic spheres
John Milnor showed in 1956 that the 7-dimensional sphere admits a smooth structure that is not equivalent to the standard smooth structure. A sphere equipped with a nonstandard smooth structure is called an exotic sphere.

E8 manifold
The E8 manifold is an example of a topological manifold that does not admit a smooth structure. This essentially demonstrates that Rokhlin's theorem holds only for smooth structures, and not topological manifolds in general.

Related structures
The smoothness requirements on the transition functions can be weakened, so that the transition maps are only required to be $$k$$-times continuously differentiable; or strengthened, so that the transition maps are required to be real-analytic. Accordingly, this gives a $C^k$ or (real-)analytic structure on the manifold rather than a smooth one. Similarly, a complex structure can be defined by requiring the transition maps to be holomorphic.

title: Smooth structure


text:
Talk:Lil Scrappy

Name
Saam:

Lil' Scrappy's family where it was told that his father was half Iranian and half African American. Lil' Scrappy has confirmed this, although he does not talk about it on his tracks. bibliography: http://lilscrappy.gunitworld.com/

Right now he is back in the studio and wants to drop a new album this year in 2008. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.18.165.173 (talk) 15:53, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Stabbed
Uh did anyone else notice he got stabbed and then incarcerated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.247.199.65 (talk) 18:24, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

Redirect?
Why does Lil Playy redirect to Lil Scrappy? These are not the same individuals. Per Lil Playy's bio on his official site www.lilplayy.com his last name is Davidson and in the Lil Scrappy article the artist's last name is listed as Richardson. Two different individuals who should have their own page if applicable. Someone should fix this.98.21.210.214 (talk) 23:29, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 22:00, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Lil Scrappy


text: Category:Road transport in the Netherlands


text:
Absolute Beginners (novel)

Absolute Beginners is a novel by Colin MacInnes, written and set in 1958 London, England. It was published in 1959. The novel is the second of MacInnes' London Trilogy, coming after City of Spades (1958) and before Mr. Love and Justice (1960). These novels are each self-contained, with no shared characters.

Introduction
The novel is written from the first-person perspective of a teenage freelance photographer, who lives in a rundown yet vibrant part of West London he calls Napoli. The area is home to a large number of Caribbean immigrants, as well as English people on the margins of society, such as homosexuals and drug addicts.

The themes of the novel are the narrator's opinions on the newly formed youth culture and its fixation on clothes and jazz music, his love for his ex-girlfriend Crêpe Suzette, the illness of his father, and simmering racial tensions in the summer of the Notting Hill race riots.

Plot summary
The novel is divided into four sections. Each details a particular day in the four months that spanned the summer of 1958.

In June takes up half of the book and shows the narrator meeting up with various teenaged friends and some adults in various parts of London and discussing his outlook on life and the new concept of being a teenager. He also learns that his ex-girlfriend, Suzette, is to enter a marriage of convenience with her boss, a middle-aged gay fashion designer called Henley.

In July has the narrator taking photographs by the river Thames, seeing the musical operetta H.M.S. Pinafore with his father, has a violent encounter with Ed the Ted and watches Hoplite's appearance on Call-Me-Cobber's TV show.

In August has the narrator and his father take a cruise along the Thames towards Windsor Castle. His father is taken ill on the trip and has to be taken to a doctor. The narrator also finds Suzette at her husband's cottage in Cookham.

In September is set on the narrator's 19th birthday. He sees this, symbolically, as the beginning of his last year as a teenager. He witnesses several incidents of racial violence, which disgust him. His father also dies, leaving him four envelopes stuffed with money. Suzette has separated from Henley, but still seems uncertain as to whether she should resume her relationship with the narrator. The narrator decides to leave the country and find a place where racism doesn't exist. At the airport, he sees Africans arriving and gives them a warm welcome.

Characters

 * The narrator (Blitz Baby)– a teenage photographer who lives in an attic flat in a building in London's W10 area; he makes most of his money by selling pornographic pictures, but is interested in having an exhibition of his other work. The name "Blitz Baby" was given to him by his mother, since he was born in a bunker during a blitz bombing.
 * Crêpe Suzette – the narrator's ex-girlfriend who behaves promiscuously and who intends to enter into a sexless marriage with her boss.
 * The narrator's parents – His mother runs a boarding house and prefers the company of her boarders to that of her second husband, the narrator's father. She has a stormy relationship with the narrator, who keeps a photographic darkroom at the house as an excuse to visit his father. His father has been writing a book called The History of Pimlico for several years.
 * The Fabulous Hoplite – An occasional rentboy and part of the Knightsbridge-Chelsea set, who lives in the same building as the narrator.
 * The Wizard – best friend of the narrator, a baby-faced sociopath who works as a pimp, and after a falling out, joins with the racist thugs during the riots.
 * Henley – a gay fashion designer who claims to be 45 and who intends to marry Suzette.
 * Verne – the 25-year-old half-brother of the narrator. He and the narrator do not have a great relationship, since they do not share the same ideals and butt heads about it.
 * Mr. Cool – a young mixed-race man, born in London, who lives in the same building as the narrator and who is threatened by the local teddy boys to leave the area.
 * Wilf – Mr. Cool's white half-brother.
 * Call-me-Cobber – an Australian media celebrity and presenter of the ITV chat show Junction!
 * The ex-Deb-of-Last-Year – a young, upper-class female friend of the narrator, who goes out with Call-me-Cobber.
 * Ed the Ted – a pasty-faced teddy boy who has left his old gang and became part of a mob of racist hooligans.
 * Zesty-Boy Swift – an unsuccessful pop singer who became a highly successful songwriter.
 * Dido Lament – a gossip columnist.
 * Big Jill – a lesbian in her 20s who lives in the basement flat of the narrator's building and who controls young, lesbian prostitutes.
 * Dean Swift – one of the narrator's pornographic models, a junkie, and a lover of modern jazz.
 * The Misery Kid – a devotee of old-style jazz.
 * Mannie Katz – a poet friend of the narrator; married to Miriam and father of Saul.
 * Vendice Partners – Dido's ex-lover who works at a Mayfair-based advertising agency.

The narrator also encounters a left-wing trade unionist called 'Ron Todd' in a jazz club. In 1985 a real-life trade unionist called Ron Todd became general secretary of the TGWU.

Style
Although MacInnes turned 44 in the summer of 1958, the book is written through the eyes of an 18-year-old, who is part of the new vibrant and affluent London youth culture of coffee bars, modern jazz and rock 'n' roll music, and Italian scooters and clothes. As such, it chronicles the first years of what would become the mod subculture in the 1960s. MacInnes has the narrator use a very stylised form of speech. For example, when the narrator and Zesty-Boy talk about why Vendice no longer uses Dido's newspaper for advertising, MacInnes writes it as: "And why has Partner's pimpery taken their custom away from Dido's toilet-paper daily?" I asked Zesty-Boy. "It may be that Dido's slipping, or the paper's slipping, or just that everything these days is falling in the fat laps of the jingle kings." "I wonder why Dido doesn't do a quick change and crash land in the telly casbah?"

The narrator is never given a name. When asked it by a girl at a party, he avoids the question. When pressed, he says, sarcastically, David Copperfield. He is variously addressed in the book as "blitz baby", "kid", "teenager", "child", "infant prodigy" and "son": all terms that emphasise his youth. The majority of the other characters are given nicknames or referred to by their job titles, rather than by their real names.

Film adaptation
The novel was adapted into a musical film directed by Julien Temple and released in 1986. The narrator was given the name Colin, after Colin MacInnes, and was played by Eddie O'Connell. Patsy Kensit played Crêpe Suzette and David Bowie appeared as advertising man Vendice Partners. Bowie also wrote and performed the title song, which reached number 2 in the UK singles chart in March 1986.

The film used many of the characters of the book, but changed a lot of their motivations and the story's ending. It also made more use of the idea of older characters exploiting the young, which was merely hinted at in the novel.

The novel was republished by Penguin Books to tie in with the film's release. The cover showed O'Connell and Kensit in front of a stylised silhouette of the London skyline.

Paul Weller
The singer-songwriter Paul Weller, who was born in 1958, has described the novel as "a book of inspiration". This quote was used on the cover of the 1986 paperback edition. Weller also chose the book when he appeared on the BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs.

His group The Jam released a single called "Absolute Beginners" in 1981. It reached number 4 in the UK charts. His second band, The Style Council, recorded the song "Have You Ever Had It Blue?" for the 1986 film.

Release details

 * 1959, UK, MacGibbon & Kee, 1959, unknown binding
 * 1960, USA, Macmillan Publishers, 1960, hardcover
 * 1961, USA, Ace Books, 1961, paperback
 * 1966, UK, Hutchinson Educational (ISBN 978-0-09-077220-9), February 1966, hardcover
 * 1970, UK, Ballantine Books (ISBN 978-0-345-21917-6), 12 April 1970, paperback
 * 1973, UK, Panther (ISBN 978-0-586-03770-6), Pub date 29 November 1973, paperback
 * 1980, UK, Allison & Busby (ISBN 978-0-85031-329-1), March 1980, hardcover
 * 1980, UK, Allison & Busby (ISBN 978-0-85031-330-7), March 1980, paperback
 * 1980, UK, Schocken Books (ISBN 978-0-8052-8039-5), September 1980, hardcover
 * 1985, UK, E. P. Dutton (ISBN 978-0-525-48189-8), November 1985, paperback
 * 1986, UK, Penguin Books (ISBN 978-0-14-002142-4), 27 February 1986, paperback
 * 1992, UK, Allison & Busby (ISBN 978-0-7490-0165-0), 16 July 1992, paperback
 * 2001, UK, Allison & Busby (ISBN 978-0-7490-0540-5), 14 March 2001, paperback

title: Absolute Beginners (novel)