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Traffic break

A traffic break is any separation in the flow of traffic—naturally occurring or otherwise—along a road or highway. In heavily congested traffic, natural breaks occur rarely, thus the term traffic break most commonly refers to the manual separation of traffic, normally conducted by highway patrol officers.

Most such traffic breaks are used to clear a hazardous obstruction from the road or to allow a stalled vehicle to safely make its way off the road and onto the shoulder. For example, a highway patrol officer may arrive at the site of the accident and then radio to another officer to initiate a traffic break. The second officer enters traffic before the site of the accident, turns on their warning lights, and begins weaving across multiple lanes to signal that other drivers are to slow down and remain behind the officer. The speed to which the officer slows is based on the amount of time needed to clear the accident ahead. An officer may completely stop traffic to yield larger separation. The second officer then radios ahead to the first officer, who is still at the site of the accident, and gives them a description of the last vehicle traveling ahead at regular speeds. The first officer will use this information to determine when it is safe to move the accident off the road and onto the shoulder.

Traffic breaks may also be conducted to gradually slow traffic in preparation for a large accident ahead that has caused traffic to stop abruptly. This greatly reduces the chance of subsequent crashes due to motorists not braking in time. Other traffic breaks may give time for construction activities to be completed uninterrupted. Some construction requires equipment that obstructs the flow of traffic to a point that it becomes a major hazard to have traffic trying to travel around them, such as adjusting the placement of a traffic sign, (re)striping lane markers, or sweeping the roadway. Alternatively, some construction would produce dangerous conditions to passing vehicles, such as blasting. In rare circumstances, civilian motorists have initiated traffic breaks. In 2004, one Alameda County man ran a traffic break to aid in the emergency landing of a small Cessna 172 on Interstate 580.

When a single traffic break does not allow sufficient time to complete a task, multiple breaks may be conducted in series. This practice is called "running a round-robin".

Rolling roadblock
During times of high congestion, risky driving, or dangerous road conditions, law enforcement may institute so-called "rolling roadblocks," where official vehicles line up across the road and drive at a set speed. Since anyone attempting to pass them would be doing so on the shoulder and thereby garnering a ticket from the officer, traffic speeds are kept at the desired level.

Rolling roadblocks have also been used by motorists as a form of protest, for example during the fuel protests in the United Kingdom, or in 2019 by French farmers in tractors.

Traffic breaks by vehicles other than automobiles
Some traffic breaks have been initiated by vehicles other than automobiles. For example, a motorboat driver initiated a traffic break in the Rivière des Prairies to keep marine traffic away from police operations following a helicopter prison escape from the Saint-Jérôme Detention Facility in 2013. In fiction, Thomas the Tank Engine initiated a traffic break by rapidly shifting between tracks to keep his competitors from winning a hypothetical stunt competition. Furthermore, in the book The No Cussing Club by McKay Hatch, two characters conceive of a scenario whereby a hovercraft in Scandinavia can initiate a traffic break during a police narcotics operation.

title: Traffic break


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Category:Dissolved municipalities of Japan

See also Merger and dissolution of municipalities of Japan and List of mergers and dissolutions of municipalities in Japan.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:129.170.47.178

title: User talk:129.170.47.178


text:
TOPEX/Poseidon

TOPEX/Poseidon was a joint satellite altimeter mission between NASA, the U.S. space agency; and CNES, the French space agency, to map ocean surface topography. Launched on August 10, 1992, it was the first major oceanographic research satellite. TOPEX/Poseidon helped revolutionize oceanography by providing data previously impossible to obtain. Oceanographer Walter Munk described TOPEX/Poseidon as "the most successful ocean experiment of all time." A malfunction ended normal satellite operations in January 2006.

Description
Before TOPEX/Poseidon, scientists had only a brief glimpse of Earth's ocean as a whole from the pioneering but short-lived Seasat satellite. TOPEX/Poseidon's radar altimeter provided the first continuous global coverage of the surface topography of the oceans. From orbit 1,330 kilometers above Earth, TOPEX/Poseidon provided measurements of the surface height of 95 percent of the ice-free ocean to an accuracy of 3.3 centimeters. The satellite's measurements of the hills and valleys of the sea surface led to a fundamentally new understanding of ocean circulation and its effect on climate.

Goal
The mission's most important achievement was to determine the patterns of ocean circulation - how heat stored in the ocean moves from one place to another. Since the ocean holds most of the Earth's heat from the Sun, ocean circulation is a driving force of climate. TOPEX/Poseidon made it possible for the first time to compare computer models of ocean circulation with actual global observations and use the data to improve climate predictions.

Results
While a three-year prime mission was planned, TOPEX/Poseidon delivered more than 10 years of data from orbit. In those years, the mission:

 * Measured sea level with an unprecedented accuracy
 * Mapped global tides for the first time
 * Monitored effects of currents on global climate change and produced the first global views of seasonal changes of currents
 * Monitored large-scale ocean features like Rossby and Kelvin waves and studied such phenomena as El Niño, La Niña, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
 * Mapped basin-wide current variations and provided global data to validate models of ocean circulation
 * Mapped year-to-year changes in heat stored in the upper ocean
 * Improved our knowledge of Earth's gravity field
 * Observed the temperature of the ocean and main seas for over a period of 10 years

TOPEX/Poseidon was launched using an Ariane 42P expendable launch vehicle, along with Korea Institute of Technology's Kitsat-1 satellite and France's S80/T satellite. Lift-off from Kourou in French Guiana took place on 1992-08-10. At lift-off the mass of the satellite was 2402 kg. The mission was named after the ocean TOPography EXperiment and the Greek god of the ocean Poseidon.

In October 2005 after more than 62,000 orbits, TOPEX/Poseidon stopped providing science data after a momentum wheel malfunctioned, and the satellite was turned off on January 18, 2006.

Use of results
TOPEX/Poseidon's data have been the subject of more than 2,100 research publications. Some of the areas in which the data are used include:

 * Climate Research
 * Coral Reef Research
 * El Niño & La Niña Forecasting
 * Fisheries Management
 * Hurricane Forecasting
 * Marine Mammal Research
 * Offshore Industries
 * Ship Routing

Measurements continue
TOPEX/Poseidon's follow-on mission, Jason-1, was launched in 2001 to continue the ongoing measurements of sea surface topography. The two satellites, TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1, flew in a tandem mission for three years providing twice the coverage of the sea surface and allowing scientists to study smaller features than could be seen by one satellite.

The record of global sea surface height begun by TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 continues into the future with the Ocean Surface Topography Mission on the Jason-2 satellite, which launched in June 2008. The Jason-3 mission launched January 17, 2016.

Instruments
TOPEX/Poseidon flew two onboard altimeters sharing the same antenna, but only one altimeter was operated at any time, with TOPEX given preference (on average 9 in 10 cycles during the first 10 years of the mission).

 * TOPEX: The NASA-built Nadir pointing Radar Altimeter using C band (5.3 GHz) and Ku band (13.6 GHz) for measuring height above sea surface.
 * Poseidon: The CNES-built solid state Nadir pointing Radar Altimeter using Ku band (13.65 GHz).

In addition to the altimeters, the TOPEX Microwave Radiometer (TMR) operating at 18, 21, and 37 GHz was used to correct for atmospheric wet path delay.

The satellite was also equipped with instruments to accurately pinpoint its location. Precise orbit determination is crucial because errors in locating the spacecraft would distort the sea level measurement calculated from the altimeter readings.

Three independent tracking systems determined the position of the spacecraft. The first, the NASA laser retroreflector array (LRA) reflected laser beams from a network of 10 to 15 ground-based laser ranging stations under clear skies. The second, for all-weather, global tracking, was provided by the CNES Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite tracking system receiver (DORIS). This device uses microwave doppler techniques (changes in radio frequency corresponding to relative velocity) to track the spacecraft. DORIS consists of an on-board receiver and a global network of 40 to 50 ground-based transmitting stations.

The third system used an on-board experimental Global Positioning System (GPS) demonstration receiver to precisely determine the satellite's position continuously by analyzing the signals received from the U.S. Air Force's GPS constellation of Earth-orbiting satellites. TOPEX/Poseidon was the first mission to demonstrate that the Global Positioning System could be used to determine a spacecraft's exact location and track it in orbit. Knowing the satellite's precise position to within 2 centimeters (less than 1 inch) in altitude was a key component in making accurate ocean height measurements possible.

A number of satellites (See links) use exotic dual-band radar altimeters to measure height from a spacecraft. That measurement, coupled with orbital elements (possibly from GPS), enables determination of the topography. The two lengths of radio waves permit the altimeter to automatically correct for varying delays in the ionosphere.

title: TOPEX/Poseidon


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User:Purr~enwiki

Purr greets the rest of the world.

title: User:Purr~enwiki


text:
User talk:Purr~enwiki

Write me. Purr 22:11, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Purr. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Purr~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:32, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:48, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Purr~enwiki


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List of mergers and dissolutions of municipalities in Japan

This page links to the list of mergers and dissolutions of municipalities in Japan for each prefecture.

For a list of dissolved municipalities, see also: Category:Dissolved municipalities of Japan and the sister category Category:Former districts of Japan.

Lists, by prefecture
Note that most of the prefectural websites linked below are in Japanese.


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Sid Ryan

Patrick Cyril "Sid" Ryan (born 1952) is a Canadian labour union leader and politician. Ryan is the former president of the Ontario Federation of Labour.

Biography
Born in Dublin, Republic of Ireland, and third eldest of ten children, Ryan emigrated to Canada at age 22. He and his wife Sheila have three daughters: Lisa, Susie, and Amanda.

Ryan helped to organize a United Steelworkers of America (USWA) local where he worked shortly after arriving in Canada. He has been a Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE) activist since he went to work for Ontario Hydro in 1976. He served as CUPE Ontario president from 1992 to 2009, representing 225,000 workers in the public sector. CUPE Ontario added 75,000 new members under Ryan's leadership. CUPE is the Canada's largest and fastest growing union with nearly 600,000 members. CUPE Ontario is the largest provincial division. Ryan also served as general vice-president of CUPE National until 2009.

Under Ryan's leadership, CUPE Ontario focused on issues such as privatization, forced mergers, cutbacks, restructuring, healthcare, free post secondary education, universal childcare international solidarity and human rights. Ryan continues to lead major campaigns and proactively influence policy and legislative decisions in health care, municipal, school board, social service, and university sectors. He is a proponent of increasing the accessibility of university education across Ontario.

Ryan appeared weekly for 10 years on Michael Coren Live and CHEX-TV Durham, CFRB 1010 and writes a bi-weekly column for the Toronto Sun. He is also a frequent guest on TVOntario's current affairs programs, The Agenda with Steve Paikin CBC TV and radio, CTV, CP24. He has written op-ed pieces for all the major Canadian newspapers. He is a frequent speaker in the Canadian labour movement.

Ryan has been recruited by human rights groups to act as a Canadian peace observer in Northern Ireland, to march alongside members of the United Farm Workers in California, he went to Texas with Ruben "Hurricane" Carter to lobby Texas politicians for a commutation of Stanley Faulder's death sentence, he championed the rights of Palestinians and was instrumental in having CUPE Ontario support the BDS campaign in order to exert peaceful pressure on the State of Israel to end the conflict with Palestine. He worked tirelessly with unions from across Canada and South America to defeat the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA).

He has worked for the New Democratic Party during every election since arriving in Canada. He ran for the party provincially in 1999, 2003 and 2007, as well as federally in 2004 and 2006. He is the recipient of the Canada 125 Medal, presented to Canadian citizens for their contributions to the good of the community and society in general.

In November 2009, Ryan was acclaimed to the position of president of the Ontario Federation of Labour (OFL). He was re-elected for a second term in 2011 and again in 2013 and retired in 2015. During his six years as OFL president 4 unions undemocratically withheld union dues from the OFL because they disagreed with Ryan's leadership from the first day he was elected. Canada's largest private sector union, Unifor, which had supported him in the past, refused to support his re-election to a fourth term and instead supported a Unifor staff person who worked for Unifor President Jerry Dias. Following his retirement in 2015, Ryan wrote a book 'A Grander Vision'about growing up in Dublin, Ireland and his life in the Canadian labour movement. The book was published by Dundurn Press in April 2019.

Work with New Democratic Party
In addition to his union activities, Ryan has been involved with the New Democratic Party (NDP) since the 1980s. He has served on the Ontario NDP's provincial council and Environment committee, and is a former president of the Durham Centre riding association.

Ryan's affiliation with the Ontario NDP became tenuous in the early 1990s, when some felt that the party had moved to the right under Bob Rae's leadership. On one occasion, he referred to the Rae government's austerity "Social Contract" bill as the most anti-labour piece of legislation he had ever seen. He subsequently resumed supporting the provincial party under Howard Hampton's leadership in a bid to rebuild the NDP/Labour relationship.

Ryan has stood as an NDP candidate in three provincial and two federal election campaigns. He contested Scarborough Centre in the 1999 provincial election, and finished third behind Progressive Conservative incumbent Marilyn Mushinski and Liberal Costas Manios. In the 2003 provincial election, he campaigned in Oshawa and came within 1,109 votes of defeating PC incumbent Jerry Ouellette. Ryan moved the NDP's vote from around 5000 to over 18,000 during the course of his campaigns in Oshawa.

Ryan also stood as a candidate for Oshawa in the 2004 federal election, and lost to Conservative Colin Carrie by 463 votes in a very close three-way race. He ran again in the 2006 election, but, despite considerable support from the federal NDP leader Jack Layton lost by 2,802 votes to incumbent Carrie.

During the last few days of the 2006 election campaign, Alan Clarke, the "sign manager" for the Colin Carrie Campaign distributed a flyer reminding the Membership of CAW Local 222 that the Local was prohibited from supporting Ryan's campaign by a 1993 binding referendum. The flyer showed Ryan and several others having a beer with Alex Maskey the former Lord Mayor of Belfast who was reportedly twice interned for being a member of the IRA. Maskey later became Lord Mayor of Belfast. The flyer also had photos of a bombing in Omagh a town in Ireland and a photo of para military soldier with a rocket launcher on his shoulder Carrie's campaign denied being involved, with manager Andrew Morin suggesting that the leaflet was a product of union squabbling over an endorsement by the Canadian Auto Workers. Morin and Ryan stated that the two campaigns were otherwise on good terms. Elections Canada laid two charges of breaching the Elections Act against Clarke, while Ryan also filed a civil suit. Clarke was later found innocent of the Elections Canada charges and filed a counter-suit against Ryan. Ryan was successful with his lawsuit against Clarke and the Judge ordered Clarke to take out a quarter page ad in The Oshawa This Week newspaper apologising to Ryan and his family for defaming him in the flyer. Clarke was also ordered to pay a sum of money to a charity of Ryan's choice. Ryan alleged that Clarke was working on Carrie's 2006 campaign, which Morin had earlier denied.

In the 2007 Ontario provincial election, Ryan challenged Ouellette for the second time, losing by over 2500 votes, a larger margin than in 2003.

Ryan considered running for the leadership of the federal NDP in 2017 but declined due to his not being able to speak French, and instead endorsed Niki Ashton.

OMERS and Bill 206
For more than 10 years Ryan waged a battle with the provincial government to change the governance of the OMERS pension plan. Ryan wanted the government to allow the stakeholders to have control over investments and day-to-day governance of the plan. Pension surpluses were not being used to raise pensions for some plan members.

In 2006, Ryan threatened a political strike after Premier Dalton McGuinty brought in Bill 206, which would change the administration of OMERS but would not fully address CUPE's concerns. However, this met with resistance from a small number of CUPE locals. The employer organization AMO (Association of Municipalities Ontario), together with OMERS administrators fought, to stop Ryan's campaign. McGuinty agreed to make some changes to address CUPE's concerns but refused to withdraw the bill. In September 2008, Ryan was appointed to the Board of Directors of OMERS. OMERS is the 4th largest pension plan in Canada with assets of around $50B.

Tap Into Public Drinking Water
In early 2009, CUPE Ontario's Sid Ryan and The Council of Canadians' Maude Barlow teamed up in a 15 city tour of Ontario to promote public drinking water systems and to oppose the bottled water industry. Barlow had just been appointed a senior advisor on water to the President of the UN General Assembly. The ultimate goal of the campaign was to have the Ontario Government initiate a ban on the sale of bottled water in public buildings and facilities such as schools, universities, municipal buildings and hospitals. The campaign was successful in getting London City Council to sponsor a resolution to the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) urging the FCM to call upon all municipalities to consider phasing out the sale and purchase of bottled water from their facilities.

The tour saw great turnouts at stops in Windsor, London, Guelph, Hamilton, St. Catharines, Ottawa, Kingston, Midland, Waterloo, Owen Sound, Brockville, Cobourg, Whitby, Toronto, and Peterborough. "When we don't care what happens to our water treatment plants, the same thing can happen with water as what happened to health care in the United States," said Ryan, in Midland.

Since the tour, Ontario saw full or partial bans in a number of communities. Niagara Falls voted to stop selling bottled water at city facilities, despite last-minute lobbying efforts from Nestle Waters Canada.

"When a city with the international profile of Niagara Falls recognizes this, and recognizes its responsibility to improve access to public water supplies, the days of bottled water are numbered across Canada and around the world", said Barlow.

With the first phase of the tour declared a huge success, CUPE Ontario added a Northern Ontario phase that spring. Unbottle it! planned to be in Sault Ste. Marie, Sudbury, Kenora, Thunder Bay and North Bay in April.

Ireland
Sid Ryan has a long-standing involvement with the Irish peace process, including acting as three-time International Peace Observer to the process between the Protestant Democratic Unionist Party and the Sinn Féin.

He has written a number of columns and pieces on the violence in his homeland, including an article in the Toronto Sun titled "The Orange, the Green ... and 'the troubles.

During the 2004 federal election campaign, in which he ran as an NDP candidate, a Conservative Party member produced a leaflet featured a picture of Ryan standing beside Alec Maskey, former Lord Mayor of Belfast. The leaflet was thought to imply that the photo was taken at a Friends of Sinn Féin fundraiser. In response, Ryan's campaign team released a press release emphasizing that the photo was taken at a fundraiser for the Ireland Fund of Canada, a non profit and non partisan charitable organization.

In 2007, Sid Ryan introduced Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams on the Toronto stop of Adams' speaking tour of North America. Adams was in Toronto to thank those that contributed to the peace process in Northern Ireland.

Awards
Sid Ryan was awarded the Canadian Arab Federation's Social Justice Award at their 40th anniversary dinner held in Toronto on June 16, 2007. Ryan was recognised for his work as an International Peace Observer in Northern Ireland and his championing of Palestinian rights, specifically, his strong support for CUPE Ontario's Resolution 50 which calls for union members to support the international campaign of boycott, diverstment and sanctions against Israel.

Electoral history
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

title: Sid Ryan


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Gummersbach

Gummersbach (Jummersbach) is a town in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, being the district seat of the Oberbergischer Kreis. It is located 50 km east of Cologne.

History
In 1109 Gummersbach was mentioned in official documents for the first time. The document in question concerned the lowering of the episcopal tax for the church in Gummersbach by Archbishop Frederick I. At that time the name of the town was spelled as Gumeresbracht. In 1855 Gummersbach's industrial history began with the foundation of the company Steinmüller. With the company's success the little village began to grow to a town. Gummersbach received town privileges in 1857. For decades to come many inhabitants found work at Steinmüller. In 2002 the new parent company Babcock Borsig AG went out of business and so Steinmüller was shut down, too. After most of the premises were no longer in use, the town bought the property in order to develop it. The premises played a key role for the municipality, as it made up half of the downtown area by then. In the following years, among other things, an arena, a shopping mall and a new university campus were built.

The coat of arms
The arms were granted on July 27, 1892. Gummersbach developed rapidly from a small village to a large town during the early 19th century, due to the metal and textile industry. The right part of the arms thus show a spindle as a symbol for the textile industry. The left part shows the arms of the Counts of the Mark, as the area belonged to the Mark since 1287.

Communities, localities and villages
Apfelbaum – Becke – Berghausen – Bernberg – Birnbaum – Börnchen – Bracht – Bredenbruch – Brink – Bruch – Brunohl – Berghausen – Deitenbach – Derschlag – Dieringhausen – Drieberhausen – Dümmlinghausen – Elbach – Erbland – Erlenhagen – Flaberg – Frömmersbach – Grünenthal – Gummeroth – Hardt – Hardt-Hanfgarten – Helberg – Herreshagen – Hesselbach – Höfen -Hömel – Hülsenbusch – Hunstig – Kalkuhl – Karlskamp – Koverstein – Lantenbach – Lieberhausen – Liefenroth – Lobscheid – Lützinghausen – Luttersiefen – Mühle – Neuenhaus – Neuenschmiede – Niedergelpe – Niedernhagen – Niederseßmar – Nochen – Oberrengse – Ohmig -Peisel – Piene – Rebbelroth – Recklinghausen – Reininghausen – Remmelsohl – Rodt – Rospe – Schneppsiefen – Schönenberg – Schusterburg – Sonnenberg – Steinenbrück – Straße – Strombach – Unnenberg – Veste – Vollmerhausen – Waldesruh – Wasserfuhr – Windhagen – Wörde – Würden

Main sights

 * The Vogteihaus, former residence of the Vogt, built in 1700. It is also referred to as die Burg ("the castle"), and lies in the town center, on the Kaiserstraße.
 * The Bunte Kerke ("colorful church") in the village Lieberhausen, a Protestant church with medieval wall paintings.
 * The Protestant church of the village Hülsenbusch, rebuilt in the 18th century after a fire, in Baroque style.

Transport
Gummersbach is connected by regional trains to Cologne and Lüdenscheid, where a direct connection to Hagen and Dortmund exists. Trains heading towards Cologne run every 30 minutes during the week and continue every 60 minutes to Lüdenscheid. Besides the station in downtown, there is another station in the district of Dieringhausen.

South of Gummersbach runs the A 4 motorway from Cologne to Olpe. In the north-east the A 45 motorway, which stretches from Dortmund to Frankfurt, connects to Gummersbach via the exit of Meinerzhagen.

Education

 * Communal elementary schools in the towncentre and the districts Becke, Bernberg, Derschlag, Dieringhausen, Hülsenbusch, Niederseßmar, Steinenbrück and Windhagen
 * Jakob Moreno school, school for learning-disabled children
 * Town secondary school Gummersbach-Hepel, http://www.rs-hepel.de/
 * Town secondary school Gummersbach-Steinberg
 * Town high school – Lindengymnasium, http://www.lindengymnasium.de/
 * Occupational lecture Gummersbach
 * Business school Gummersbach
 * Cologne University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Science, https://www.th-koeln.de/informatik-und-ingenieurwissenschaften/
 * Educational center for technology and economy
 * Music school Gummersbach e.V.
 * Town comprehensive school, http://gesamtschulegm.de
 * Waldorf School Oberberg, http://fws-oberberg.de

Twin towns – sister cities
Gummersbach is twinned with:
 * 🇬🇷 Afantou, Greece (2001)
 * 🇩🇪 Burg, Germany (1990)
 * 🇫🇷 La Roche-sur-Yon, France (1968)

Sport
The men's team VfL Gummersbach was one of the most successful handball teams of Europe in the 1970s and 1980s.

Notable people

 * Heiner Brand (born 1952), former handball player and former coach of the handball national team
 * Afu Thomas (Thomas Derksen), German internet celebrity in China
 * Jürgen Domian, tv and radio show host
 * Harald Fischer, doctor killed in Palestine on November 15, 2000
 * Wolfgang Karius, conductor, organist, and harpsichordist
 * Hella von Sinnen, TV personality
 * Jan Sosniok, movie actor
 * Adele Bloesch-Stöcker, Swiss-German violinist and composer
 * Fritz Eschmann, former district administrator and member of the German parliament of SPD
 * Jürgen Habermas (born 1929), well known philosopher
 * Rebekka Habermas (1959–2023), historian

title: Gummersbach


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International Patent Institute

The International Patent Institute (IIB) (French: Institut International des Brevets) was an intellectual property organisation established on June 6, 1947 in The Hague, Netherlands, by a set of European countries, i.e. France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. It was integrated into the European Patent Organisation on January 1, 1978. Its purpose was to centralize patent searching and archiving as well as the resources needed for the prior art searches for its member countries.

The integration of the International Patent Institute and the European Patent Organisation led to the creation of the European Patent Office's branch in Rijswijk in the Netherlands, a town close to The Hague. This branch is one of three locations (along with Munich and Berlin) where European patent applications may be filed.

title: International Patent Institute


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Quebec Boundaries Extension Act, 1912

The Quebec Boundaries Extension Act, 1912 (Loi de l’extension des frontières de Québec) was passed by the Parliament of Canada on April 1, 1912. It expanded the territory of the Province of Quebec, extending the northern boundary to its present location. The act transferred to the province all of the Northwest Territories' former District of Ungava except offshore islands. This is a vast area bounded by the Eastmain River, the Labrador coast, and Hudson and Ungava Bays. It was first claimed by England in 1670 as Rupert's Land by royal decree, becoming part of Canada after Confederation. The indigenous people of the region are Cree, Montagnais, Naskapi, and Inuit.

The Quebec Boundary Extension Act, 1898 had granted the province its first territorial enlargement into the Northwest Territories. The 1912 act was pursuant to a resolution of the House of Commons of Canada on 13 July 1908, which also led to the Manitoba Boundaries Extension Act, 1912 and Ontario Boundaries Extension Act, 1912, which transferred more territory around Hudson Bay to Manitoba and Ontario from the Northwest Territories' District of Keewatin.

Canada and Newfoundland disagreed on the location of the frontier between Quebec and Labrador until 1927. The Canadian government accepted Newfoundland's claimed frontier, however Quebec continues to dispute it: see Newfoundland and Labrador–Quebec border.

title: Quebec Boundaries Extension Act, 1912


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Tide gauge

A tide gauge is a device for measuring the change in sea level relative to a vertical datum. It is also known as a mareograph, marigraph, and sea-level recorder. When applied to freshwater continental water bodies, the instrument may also be called a limnimeter.

Operation
Sensors continuously record the height of the water level with respect to a height reference surface close to the geoid. Water enters the device by the bottom pipe (far end of the tube, see picture), and electronic sensors measure its height and send the data to a tiny computer.

Historical data are available for about 1,450 stations worldwide, of which about 950 have provided updates to the global data center since January 2010. At some places records cover centuries, for example in Amsterdam where data dating back to 1700 is available.

When it comes to estimating the greater ocean picture, new modern tide gauges can often be improved upon by using satellite data.

Tide gauges are used to measure tides and quantify the size of tsunamis. The measurements make it possible to derive the mean sea level. Using this method, sea level slopes up to several 0.1 m/1000 km and more have been detected.

A tsunami can be detected when the sea level begins to rise, although warnings from seismic activity can be more useful.

History
Sea-level measurements were made using simple measuring poles or "tide staffs" until around 1830, when self-recording gauges with mechanical floats and stilling wells were introduced.

Tidal poles and float gauges were the primary means of sea-level measurement for over 150 years and continue to operate at some locations today. While still part of modern-day tide gauge instrumentation, these technologies have since been superseded by pressure gauges (similar to depth gauges), acoustic/ultrasonic gauges, and radar gauges.

The following types of tide gauges have been used historically:

 * Kelvin type tide gauge
 * Fuess type tide gauge
 * GSI type tide gauge
 * High accuracy automatic tide gauge
 * High resolution automatic tide gauge

Common applications
Tide gauges have a practical application in the shipping and fishing industries where low or high tide levels can hinder or prohibit access to shallow bays or locations with bridges. An example is the Cascais tide gauge in Portugal, which was originally installed because of the sand bar in the River Tagus that causes difficulties for shipping entering Lisbon port. Because of similar problems many industries have installed private tide gauges in ports around the world, and also rely on government agencies (such as NOAA).

Data collected from tide gauges is also of interest to scientists measuring global weather patterns, the mean sea water level, and trends - notably those potentially associated with global warming.

Modern gauges
In recent years new technologies have developed allowing for real-time, remote tide information to be published online via a solar powered wireless connection to a tide sensor. Acoustic/ultrasonic sensors have already been deployed to great effect and the data is regularly broadcast via Twitter and also displayed online.

title: Tide gauge


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Sueno's Stone

Sueno's Stone is a Picto-Scottish Class III standing stone on the north-easterly edge of Forres in Moray and is the largest surviving Pictish style cross-slab stone of its type in Scotland, standing 6.5 m in height. It is situated on a raised bank on a now isolated section of the former road to Findhorn. The stone is named after Sweyn Forkbeard, but this association has been challenged and it has also been associated with the killing of King Dubh mac Ailpin in Forres in 966. The stone was erected c. 850–950 but by whom and for what, is unknown.

Possible second pillar
Evidence from Timothy Pont's Mapp of Murray (c. 1590), the more modern military maps of Roy and Ainslie (1750 and 1789 respectively) and Robert Campbell's map of 1790 all show Sueno's Stone along with another stone that has now disappeared. The fact that Pont's map shows the standing stones indicates their size as Pont does not show any other obelisks anywhere. Ainslie has inscribed on his map "two curiously carved pillars". The fact that these maps show the pillar(s) in their present (at least approximate) position belies the notion that it was found elsewhere and re-erected at its present location.

James Ray, who fought on the British government side during the Jacobite rising of 1745, describes seeing a single stone as the government army marched past the area, just days prior to the Battle of Culloden.

Hector Boece (c. 1465–1536) (not known entirely for his historical accuracy) mentions the stone and attributes it to Sueno. Lady Ann Campbell, the Countess of Moray, is noted in the early 18th century as maintaining the stone in an attempt to stabilise it. This was achieved by constructing stepped plinths around the base and can be seen today. Archaeological excavations carried out in 1990 and 1991 suggest that it may originally have been one of two monumental stones.

Description
Sueno's Stone is an upright cross-slab with typical Pictish-style interwoven knotwork on the edge panels. It is carved from local yellow sandstone, prevalent in Moray but has suffered considerable weathering in places. The west face has a carved Celtic cross with elaborately interlaced decoration and a poorly preserved figural scene (perhaps a royal inauguration) set in a panel below the cross. The east face has four panels that show a large battle scene. The top panel is quite weathered and shows rows of horsemen. The second panel depicts armed foot soldiers and the third panel shows the decapitated vanquished soldiers, the heads piled up, and soldiers, archers and horsemen surrounding what may be a broch. The base panel depicts the victorious army leaving the battlefield. The sides are also elaborately carved. In the early 1990s, the stone was encased in armoured glass to prevent further erosion.

Interpretations
Radiocarbon dating at the site produced dates of charcoal fragments between AD 600 and AD 1000. Two similar patterns were discerned and may relate to the second stone. There is general agreement that the stone dates to c. 850–890. and greater accuracy is probably not possible. The examination of the carvings has been carried out to compare the style and also to interpret the figurative and historical significance. The Irish crosses of the 10th century are similar with their interweaving patterns and crowded panels of figures. One hypothesis is that the figures depicted in the battle, parade and decapitation scenes is the army of Kenneth MacAlpin (Cináed mac Ailpín), the scene being the representation of Kenneth's demonstration of his military and legal authority over northern Pictland. The two side panels have sinuous vine patterns populated with men as depicted in the Book of Kells. This suggests a date of between AD 800 and AD 900. The traditional interpretation of the battle scene was that it shows a victory by Malcolm II (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) (reigned 1005–1034) against Danes or Norse led by one Sueno. This appears in Alexander Gordon's Itinerarium Septentrionale of 1726 and is thought to have been ancient then, derived from folklore and the more learned histories of John of Fordun, Hector Boece and George Buchanan. However, this interpretation is no longer supported by historians and archaeologists.

Several more recent interpretations have been advanced. Anthony Jackson suggested that the stone displayed the final triumph of the Christian Gaels of Dál Riata over their (erroneously), Pictish enemies, in which case it would have been erected by Kenneth MacAlpin or his immediate successors. As an alternative, Archie Duncan advances his theory that the stone records the defeat, death and reburial of Dubh mac Ailpin in 966.

A modified form of Jackson's theory, stripped of much of the ingenious interpretation, is probably the present orthodoxy. This holds that Sueno's Stone commemorates an unknown victory by the men of Alba, the Gaelicised Picts of the lands south of the Mounth over the men of Moray, those of the lands north of the Mounth.

Legend
Local legend says this was the crossroads where Macbeth originally met the three witches. In the legend, they were eventually imprisoned inside the stone but should the stone be broken they would be released. However, this tale can date no further back than Shakespeare's play.

Another legend suggests that the stone was erected for King Dubh mac Ailpin. The Annals of Ulster reported "Dub mac Maíl Coluim (mac Ailpin), king of Alba, was killed by the Scots themselves"; the usual way of reporting a death in internal strife, and placing the death in 966. It has been suggested that Sueno's Stone, near Forres, may be a monument to Dub, erected by his brother Kenneth II (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim). It is presumed that Dub was killed or driven out by Cuilén, who became king after Dub's death, or by his supporters.

title: Sueno's Stone


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Talk:Barker v. Wingo

Untitled
This text is directly taken from the heading "Speedy Trial" in Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. As such, this text here is redundant and somewhat useless. Anyone interested, please fix this by providing details of the case.--Paradoxian 00:24, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Barker v. Wingo


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Lalla Fatma N'Soumer

Lalla Fatma N'Soumer (c. 1830 – 1863) (لالة فاطمة نسومر) was an Algerian anti-colonial leader during 1849–1857 of the French conquest of Algeria and subsequent Pacification of Algeria. She led several battles against the French forces, until her capture in July 1857. She was imprisoned until her death six years later. She is an Algerian national hero.

Name
Lalla, the female equivalent of the Berber word mass, is an honorific reserved for women of high social rank or for holy women. "N'Soumer" means "of Soumer", where Soumer was the village nearest the zawiya of her lineage, the Sidahmed. She sometimes bore the name "Lalla N'Ouerdja". Her birth name seems to have been "Fadhma Si Ahmed Ou Méziane", but she went by Fatma N'Soumer and eventually Lalla Fatma N'Soumer with time.

Biography
Fadhma Si Ahmed Ou Méziane was born around 1830 to Sid Ahmed Mohamed and Terkia n'ath Ykhoulaf in what is now the commune of Abi Youcef, near Aïn El Hammam. As her last name suggests, she descended from the lineage of a respected marabout, Ahmed Ou Méziane, which gave her more influence than most women of Algerian society of the era. Her family would extend to 8 children: 5 brothers and 2 sisters. Fadhma's father was the head of a madrasa (Islamic school) linked to the zawiya of the Rahmaniyya order of Sufi Islam, originally founded by Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine in the late 1790s. As a result, Fadhma had access to more of an education than many children of the era. Around the age of 16–18 and with the approval of her older brother as head of the family after her father's death, Fadhma was put in an arranged marriage with a family cousin, Si Yahia n'ath Ikhoulaf. However, the couple quickly separated; she returned to her religious studies. Out of spite, her husband refused to grant her a divorce, making it impossible for her to remarry.

The territory of her birth and life is loosely called Kabylia, the land of the Kabyle people. The French conquest of Algeria began in 1830, the same year she was born. After successfully capturing Algiers the same year, the French focused on the coastal cities at first; Kabylia is mountainous and not easily accessible, with much of the land dominated by the Tell Atlas range of the Atlas Mountains. Growing French influence from their strongholds on the coast eventually reached the mountains, which saw violent resistance to French attempts to impose their authority there. While many Kabyle tribes and leaders engaged in raids and attacks on French positions and outposts as part of "jihad" before, mainly under the leadership of Mohamed ben Zamoum the region of Kabylia itself was only attacked in the 1830s.

Through the 1830s and 1840s, many Kabyle tribes (such as the Igawawen or the Iflissen Umellil) swore allegiance to the emirate of Mascara led by Emir Abdelkader, which's goal was to liberate and establish a modern Algerian states, these tribes would be defeated and the region of Kabylia penetrated in 1846-48. In 1849, a young Fatma entered the resistance and rallied to the cause of Si Mohammed El-Hachemi, a marabout who had waged an insurrection in the Dahra Range since 1847. There, she met Sherif Boubaghla, another Algerian rebel from the western region of Saida who would be another leader and ally in the following years. In 1850, Sherif Boubaghla started an anti-French rebellion in the Babor Mountains. A local assembly of Soumer, the tajmâat, also rebelled. They delegated leadership of the volunteer soldiers to Sidi Tahar (Fatma's brother) and Fatma herself, perhaps leading to the time when she began going by Lalla Fatma N'Soumer. The Soumer-focused rebellion was in the Djurdjura region of the Tell Atlas, and drew from several villages in the area such as Illilten.

In mid-1854, a French incursion led by Charles Joseph François Wolff came to near N'Soumer's villages. The Battle of the Sebaou River then occurred at the Sebaou River near Aïn El Hammam. N'Soumer's forces were able to repel the French; allied cavalry led by Sherif Boubaghla were able to harass the retreating French, but French superiority in cavalry ensured they made their escape. The surrounding villages remained independent. Boubaghla was said to be quite taken with N'Soumer and to have obtained permission from her brother to court her, but her husband continued to refuse to grant a divorce, so the two stayed merely friends.

Another force led by Marshal Jacques Louis Randon arrived in the summer. The French were able to inflict significant damage along their line of march but were counterattacked by N'Soumer and her allied militia in skirmishes. The two sides fought a more decisive battle at the Battle of Tachekkirt, where Boubaghla and N'Soumer's forces emerged victorious. After the battle, the French and Kabyle came to terms and agreed to a ceasefire that would last for some years. Sherif Boubaghla died shortly afterward in late 1854, however, which raised Fatma N'Soumer and her brother in station as the leaders remaining.

The ceasefire eventually fell apart. Another French expedition was launched in 1857, led by General Patrice de MacMahon and Marshal Randon. In June 1857, Marshall Randon broke off and defeated a Kabyle village, occupying Aït Iraten following the Battle of Icheriden. Meanwhile, N'Soumer's forces fought a French detachment at the Battle of Chellata Pass; outnumbered and outgunned, they were defeated, and the area around modern Illoula Oumalou was secured. The remnants of Fatma's forces formed up in the hamlet Takhlijt Aït Aatsou, near the Tirourda Pass. However, it was over; while there may have been some fighting, the Kabyle surrendered to the French.

On 11 July 1857, Fatma was arrested by General Joseph Vantini ("Yusuf"), as were several of her brothers as well as other prominent Kabyle leaders. She was taken to Marshal Randon's camp and was imprisoned in the zawiya of El-Aissaouia, at Tablat. She was then placed under house arrest under the guard of Si Tahar ben Mahieddine. She died there in 1863, at the age of 33, afflicted by her incarceration and likely discouraged by the news of the death of her brother from disease in 1861. The other Kabyle leaders were eventually forced to surrender, and the French strengthened their control over the region.

Legacy
Various legends spread about N'Soumer. Her disciples said she was gifted powers by God, including the abilities to see the future and cure illness.

The French explorer and writer Émile Carrey met with N'Soumer after her capture in 1857, and is one of the most important literary sources on N'Soumer. He wrote that she was beautiful, but overweight, and her size was the butt of jokes by the soldiers. He remarked that her capture was still remarkably effective; he wrote that "once she was in our hands, all resistance ceased, and our success was assured." The French also called her "La Jeanne d'Arc du Djurdjura" as a reference to Joan of Arc's role as a female religious and military leader; according to tradition General Yusuf gave her the title.

Lalla Fatma's grave remained a place of pilgrimage for the inhabitants of the region for some time. Her ashes were transferred in october 29, 1994 from the cemetery of Sidi Abdellah, near the zawiya Boumâali in Tourtatine, to Martyrs Square at the El Alia Cemetery in Algiers for notable national figures.

Her life has been documented in the movie Fadhma N'Soumer, directed by Belkacem Hadjadj and released in 2014. The lead role of Fatma N'Soumer was played by French actress Laetitia Eido.

In Algeria, a few statues of Lalla Fatma are on display, and a few schools and streets bear her name, notably a mixed-gender high school in Tablat, the city where she died.

title: Lalla Fatma N'Soumer


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Riverford

Riverford Organic Farmers Ltd is an organic farm and organic vegetable box delivery company founded by Guy Singh-Watson in Devon, England, but with sister farms in three locations around the country.

Background
Riverford Farm was taken over by the Watson family in the 1950s and followed the normal pattern for British farms until the mid-1980s, when Guy Singh-Watson (then Guy Watson) decided to convert to organic farming. By the late 1980s, this had been achieved. Singh-Watson aimed to find an effective way of distributing his produce. His idea was the weekly vegetable box scheme, the box being delivered directly to customers' doors with locally grown produce.

Riverford chooses varieties for flavour rather than appearance and delivers earthy vegetables, which improves storage and taste.

Starting from a weekly delivery of around 30 boxes to family and friends, in 2018 Riverford delivered around 45,000 boxes per week to households nationwide, sending its own meat and vegetables as well as organic fruit, dairy, wine, store cupboard staples and more. To achieve this they have formed a mutual cooperative of British farmers - not all in Devon. The weekly boxes come with a newsletter explaining the content of the box, giving farm news from Riverford and providing appropriate recipes.

History
In March 2005, before celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's school dinner project, Riverford obtained the catering contract for lunches at a local primary school.

On 2 December 2007 Riverford appeared at number 92 in the Sunday Times Fast Track 100, a list of the 100 fastest growing companies in the UK. In 2009 Riverford won the award for best ethical business at the Observer ethical awards and in 2015 Riverford won the award for the Ethical Product of the Decade Award from the Observer.

in 2016 Riverford Organic Farms rebranded to Riverford Organic Farmers with a refocused objective of placing the growers and vegetables at the heart of the business

In 2018 Singh-Watson gave 76% of ownership to an employee owned trust.

In 2020, Riverford Organic Farmers teamed up with bicycle courier company Pedal & Post to have their fresh fruit and vegetables delivered directly to the doors of customers. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the delivery services being offered by Riverford Organic Farmers were said to have experienced 'unprecedented demand' for their fresh food.

In May 2023, Riverford announced it will become 100% owned by staff, this came after founder Guy Singh-Watson announced he will be selling the remaining 23% of his shares for around £10 million. Watson stated that he will still be involved in the organisation.

title: Riverford


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Devil's Cub

Devil's Cub is a Georgian romance novel written by Georgette Heyer. Set in 1780, it is the sequel to These Old Shades (1926). The book was published in 1932, and has not been out of print since. It is one of Heyer's most popular novels.

Plot summary
The son of the Duke and Duchess of Avon, the Marquis of Vidal is known as Devil's Cub not only for the excesses of his father but for his own wild habits. As he is paying court to a girl of the bourgeoisie, Sophia Challoner, he also participates in a rather impromptu duel, the outcome of which forces him to leave the country. He intends to bring Sophia with him as his mistress: but her strait-laced sister Mary has no intention of allowing her sister to be ruined, and takes her place, assuming that the Marquis will let her go once the mistake is discovered, leaving him with no chance to take Sophia afterwards. But she has not yet obtained the measure of the Marquis's personality, for in the grip of fury he takes Mary off with him instead, and only when they are in France and it is too late for either to turn back does he realise that by abducting a respectable girl he has compromised her and is obliged to offer her marriage.

However, Mary refuses Vidal because she believes he is making the offer from guilt and as she has fallen in love with him she finds this intolerable. In her misery, she runs away, intending to seek her own fortune. While away, she meets Vidal's father, the Duke of Avon, by chance, and takes him into her confidence without realising that she is talking to Avon - who is an old crony of her grandfather's and has come to France to investigate the rumours surrounding his son and scotch any scandal. The two reach an excellent understanding, with Avon clearly coming to respect Mary.

Vidal pursues, and ultimately realizes he loves her, persuading her to marry him — in spite of Avon's dry observation that she could do better.

Heyer's An Infamous Army is a sequel to Devil's Cub.

Characters

 * Dominic Alastair, Marquis of Vidal, son and heir to the Duke of Avon, educated at Eton
 * Miss Sophia Challoner, Vidal's latest flirt
 * Miss Mary Challoner, elder sister of Sophia, 20, educated at a select seminary for ladies with Miss Juliana Marling at the expense of her grandfather, General Challoner
 * Mrs Clara Challoner (née Simpkins), their mother, widow of a gentleman and sister of a rich Cit
 * Mr Henry Simpkins, brother of Mrs Challoner
 * Mr Joshua Simpkins, Henry's son
 * Lady Fanny Marling (née Alastair), sister of the Duke of Avon
 * Mr John Marling, Lady Fanny's son
 * Miss Juliana Marling, Lady Fanny's daughter
 * Mr Frederick Comyn, aspirant to Juliana's hand
 * Hugh Davenant, friend of Justin Alastair, Duke of Avon
 * His Grace Justin Alastair, Duke of Avon, father of Vidal, a reformed rake and 'devil'
 * Her Grace Léonie Alastair (née de Saint-Vire), Duchess of Avon, mother of Vidal and a French aristocrat
 * Lord Rupert Alastair, brother of the Duke of Avon
 * Tante Elisabeth, Juliana's cousin (whom she calls "aunt")
 * Mr Montague Quarles, Vidal's opponent in a duel
 * Mr Timms, Vidal's valet
 * Mr Fletcher, Vidal's majordomo
 * Armand de Saint-Vire, Vidal's great-uncle
 * Bertrand de Saint-Vire, Vidal's cousin
 * Mr Hammond, an English divine
 * Monsieur Plançon, proprietor of the Coq d'Or, an Inn at Calais

title: Devil's Cub


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User:Kakosenas

Hi.

title: User:Kakosenas


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Bregovo

Bregovo (Брегово ; Bregovo) is a town in the very northwest of Bulgaria, situated on the east bank of the Timok River close to its mouth. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Bregovo Municipality, Vidin Province. The town is located close to the city of Vidin near the national border crossings with Serbia and Romania. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 2,592.

The name of the town was first attested in writing in 1560 in an Ottoman register. It is derived from breg, meaning "shore" (in this case, the Timok shore), while -ovo is a common Slavic suffix indicating a placename. A secular school was built in 1864, a post office followed in 1879, and a custom house emerged in Bregovo in 1895. A community centre (chitalishte) was in its turn opened on 26 December 1897.

title: Bregovo


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User talk:Saifolislam

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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The main reason I posted the welcome template above is to ask you to stop posting a long laundry list of links. The one link already linked has all the recitation. Wikipedia is not a web directory OneGuy 22:19, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Saifolislam


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After Bathing at Baxter's

After Bathing at Baxter's is the third studio album by the San Francisco psychedelic rock band Jefferson Airplane, released in 1967 as RCA Victor LSO-1511 (stereo) and LOP-1511 (mono). The cover art is by artist Ron Cobb.

Background
Writing for the Airplane's third album began in the spring of 1967, just as the group's star began to soar with the top 5 success of "Somebody to Love" and its parent album, Surrealistic Pillow. The group appeared regularly on TV to promote the record and demand for its live appearances soared; by summer the group had become the highest-paid American live act, playing a hectic schedule of shows around North America including a lauded appearance at the Monterey Pop Festival that June.

Recording
Guitarist Jorma Kaukonen had worked up a cover of a traditional blues on stage, provisionally titled "Jorma's Blues", which was subsequently recorded at RCA on March 7 as "Come Back Baby". Despite being a regular in the group's set list, it would not see release on record until its appearance on Hot Tuna's sophomore effort First Pull Up, Then Pull Down in 1971. Three more new songs made their live debut in May: Kantner's "Won't You Try" (his glowing tribute to the Human Be-In that January) and "The Ballad of You and Me and Pooneil" (an ode to LSD with several lines taken from the A.A. Milne poem "Spring Morning") plus "Young Girl Sunday Blues", co-written with Marty Balin. "Pooneil", "Young Girl Sunday Blues", and another new Kantner composition, "Martha", were first recorded at RCA in late May; "Martha" was a folk-inspired song with Slick on recorder about Martha Wax, the daughter of the mayor of Sausalito who had run away from home and befriended the band.

These early sessions were scrapped, however, after the group heard the new Beatles album, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, which encouraged them to go in an even further experimental direction. After the success of Surrealistic Pillow RCA was willing to let them do whatever they wanted in the studio, with new producer Al Schmitt lending a more sympathetic ear to their experimentation. Kaukonen and Casady were also inspired to take the group's music in a heavier direction after hearing Hendrix and Cream, with Kaukonen applying more fuzz, feedback, and distortion to his guitar sound.

The band held an unannounced live show in mid-June to record songs meant for the album; an expansive 11-minute version of "Pooneil" was taped and further overdubbed in the studio but ultimately rejected for release, later appearing on the Jefferson Airplane Loves You box set. However, a version of "Young Girl Sunday Blues" from the show did make the new album after further overdubs. "The Ballad of You and Me and Pooneil" was attempted for a third time on June 26 and 27, where a succinct four-and-a-half-minute version was finally captured along with a new Slick composition, the stream-of-consciousness psychedelia of "Two Heads", recorded directly after. These two tracks were released as the group's next single in August, although their dense, uncommercial sound proved a commercial disappointment, reaching #42 on the Billboard chart (although "Pooneil" performed considerably better on Cash Box, where it peaked at #24).

Recording for the album continued throughout the summer, stretching over five months into the fall. The group rented a mansion with a pool and underwater shooting range in Beverly Hills while recording at RCA, where wild, drug-fueled partying ensued. Members of The Grateful Dead, Buffalo Springfield, The Monkees and The Byrds would often drop by, and Kaukonen even brought a motorcycle into the recording studio one night. Marty Balin began to withdraw from the group, reporting disgust at the self-indulgent behavior and "star trips" he thought his band mates now exhibited, where "everybody was in their little shell." He wrote and recorded two more songs for the album, the soft ballad "Things Are Better in the East" (a bonus track on the CD reissue) and the funky "Don't Let Me Down" (later included on the box set), but neither made the final cut, leaving "Young Girl Sunday Blues" his sole credit on the album after having contributed five songs to Surrealistic Pillow.

Kantner filled the songwriting void in Balin's increasing absence; new versions of "Martha" and "Won't You Try/Saturday Afternoon" were recorded along with his "Wild Tyme" and "Watch Her Ride", both intense acid-rock numbers celebrating the freewheeling hippie lifestyle. Spencer Dryden contributed the Zappa-inspired lysergic sound collage "A Small Package of Value Will Come to You, Shortly" (featuring nonsensical vocal improvs from manager Bill Thompson and band friend Gary Blackman) while Kaukonen wrote "The Last Wall of the Castle", a showcase for his brittle fuzz guitar work put to tape on August 30. On September 22 Grace Slick contributed a second composition, the jazz-inflected "Rejoyce", with free-form lyrics that referenced James Joyce's Ulysses and the Vietnam War over a complex arrangement that included piano, harpsichord, horns, and recorder. Finally, Kaukonen, Casady, and Dryden came up with "Spare Chaynge", meant to represent the Airplane's jam-oriented live improvisations, its 9 minutes pruned from a massive 24-minute take taped on Halloween. The album ultimately cost over $80,000 to record, ten times that of Surrealistic Pillow.

Title and artwork
The album's title was derived from a poem written by the band's friend Gary Blackman. Kantner explained that the title translates to "After Taking LSD", "Baxter" being the group's code word for the drug.

The cover art was designed by Ron Cobb, then a political cartoonist for the Los Angeles Free Press. The front cover depicts the band as a World War I-era triplane with the body of a San Francisco townhouse. Cannabis plants are shown growing out of the house's flower boxes. The artwork is framed with a red bar on the bottom and a blue bar with white stars on the top, signifying the United States flag. The plane, painted in full color, dispenses confetti while flying over a black and white landscape – embodying the white of the flag – with billboards reading messages such as "CONSUME!" and "DRINK IT" as parodies of American consumerism. The illustration continues onto the back cover, revealing a scrapheap followed by a pile of empty beverage cans. A banner attached to the plane displays the album's title. In 2008, Cobb's original painting sold at auction for $24,000.

John Hartford referenced the cover art from After Bathing at Baxter's as the inspiration for his song "Steam Powered Aereo Plane" from his album Aereo-Plain.

The gatefold artwork consists of a handwritten track listing and photographs taken by Alan Pappé of each band member. Author Ken Bielen writes the lack of a group portrait highlights the members' individuality. The inner sleeve features Blackman's poem and drawings by the band and their friends, one of which was almost rejected by RCA on fear it would be misinterpreted as a vulva.

Release
The album was released on November 27, 1967. RCA was reportedly not happy when the experimental work only peaked at #17 on Billboard, failing to attain an RIAA gold certification, although it was able to reach #9 on the Cash Box chart. A second single, "Watch Her Ride" backed with "Martha", could only climb to #61 (#37 Cash Box). The band's singles never again crossed the halfway mark in the Hot 100.

Critical reception
Despite its commercial shortcomings, After Bathing at Baxter's received high praise from a number of critics. One of its most positive reviews came from Jann Wenner in the newly founded Rolling Stone magazine, proclaiming that Jefferson Airplane "could be the best rock and roll band in America today" and that the album was "probably the best, considering all the criteria and the exceptions, rock and roll album so far produced by an American group." A review in Hit Parader called the album "excellent" and "a good follow-up to Surrealistic Pillow." In a later interview with the same magazine, the Moody Blues' keyboardist Mike Pinder named it one of his favorite albums, along with Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by the Beatles, Younger Than Yesterday by the Byrds, and Bookends by Simon & Garfunkel. Cash Box said that the single "Watch Her Ride" had a "hard rock beat with a backup centering on electrified workouts from lead guitar," "grand imagery" and "fine vocals." Record World called it "one of [Jefferson Airplane's] sinuous, contemporary melodies." Billboard said it has "weird, groovy sounds throughout."

Conversely, Paul Nelson gave a negative review in Hullabaloo magazine, writing: "The Jefferson Airplane never even get off the ground with After Bathing at Baxter's. How a great group like this can go down in flames after two fine albums is a real puzzle." The review prompted a reader to send a letter to the magazine saying that the album was "more important than Mr. Nelson thinks it is" and that it "must be graded on a curve, just as Sgt. Pepper was."

After Bathing at Baxter's did not chart in the United Kingdom, but it nevertheless received attention from several British music journals. Chris Welch of Melody Maker praised the instrumental and vocal work and deemed it the "most consistent album yet" from one of the "most mature of America's West Coast groups". Writing for Beat Instrumental, John Ford felt it was a "slight disappointment" compared to the band's earlier material, although he praised the production and "feel" of the album and concluded, "Airplane have good ideas which will flourish, eventually." Norman Jopling and Peter Jones wrote in Record Mirror that the album was "pretentious" and failed to match "Somebody to Love" and "White Rabbit" or contemporary albums by the Byrds and Country Joe and the Fish.

The album was voted number 352 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums 2nd Edition (1999).

Track listing
Side one

Side two

2003 CD reissue bonus tracks

Personnel

 * Jefferson Airplane
 * Grace Slick – piano, organ, recorder, vocals, lead vocals on "rejoyce" and "Two Heads"
 * Marty Balin – rhythm guitar, vocals, lead vocals on "Young Girl Sunday Blues"
 * Paul Kantner – rhythm guitar, vocals, lead vocals on "The Ballad of You & Me & Pooneil", "Martha", "Wild Tyme", "Watch Her Ride" and "Won't You Try / Saturday Afternoon"
 * Jorma Kaukonen – lead guitar, sitar, vocals, lead vocals on "The Last Wall of the Castle"
 * Jack Casady – bass
 * Spencer Dryden – drums, percussion, horn arrangement
 * Additional personnel
 * Gary Blackman – vocals
 * Bill Thompson – vocals

Production
 * Jefferson Airplane – design, notes, song arrangement
 * Al Schmitt – producer
 * Richie Schmitt – engineer
 * Ron Cobb – album cover, artwork
 * The Walking Owls – album title
 * Alan Pappé – photography
 * Recorded at RCA, Hollywood

title: After Bathing at Baxter's


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Fuller Potter

Joseph Wiltsie Fuller Potter Jr. (April 24, 1910 – 1990) was an American Abstract expressionist artist. He was born in New York City in 1910, attended St. Bernard's School in New York and Groton School in Groton, Massachusetts, and lived most of his life in his Ledyard, Connecticut estate, near Old Mystic. Potter started painting in the traditional modes of representation, specializing in still life and landscape. His work was shown in New York in the 1930s at the Marie Harriman Gallery.

Potter spent several of his formative years painting landscapes and portraits in the Southern Appalachia region, later studying painting in Paris with André Lhote from 1929 to 1931, and in New York with Walt Kuhn and with Thomas Hart Benton. In 1950, Potter met Jackson Pollock and changed his mode of painting permanently to abstraction, and had a number of shows of that body of work at the Mystic Gallery in Mystic, Connecticut. When starting his transition towards abstract painting, he combined his graphic skills with his mastery of color, and followed a path that would lead to his artistic peak, during his full abstract expressionist period.

During the 1940s, Potter's work was still mostly figurative, but showed deliberate avoidance of ordinary representation. From the early 1950s on, Potter's style kept with the early works of Ad Reinhardt and with Jackson Pollock's 1940s pre-drip works. He painted in the "New York School" style, along with several of his contemporaries, including Franz Kline (1910–1962), Joan Mitchell (1925–1992), Jean-Paul Riopelle, William Baziotes (1910–1963), and Jackson Pollock (1912–1956). He had a few shows in that style at several New England art venues. The Museum of the City of New York exhibited Potter's work along with Joan Miró and Georgia O'Keeffe in the main lobby in 1959.

Jeffrey Potter's To a Violent Grave, a biography of Jackson Pollock's last years, reports that Potter shared drinking sessions with Pollock in the mid-1950s. After these encounters, which occupied only a short period of his life, Fuller Potter's work evolved towards a mature and personal form of abstraction. Potter never pursued the drip/throw action mode of abstract expressionism to any notable degree. His paint is delivered with loaded brush in hand, opulently, generously and aggressively.

Fuller Potter is considered one of the major abstract painters of the 20th century. He died of emphysema in May 1990 at Westerly Hospital in Westerly, Rhode Island. He was 80 years old.

title: Fuller Potter


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List of Lost characters

The characters from the American drama television series Lost were created by Damon Lindelof and J. J. Abrams. The series follows the lives of plane crash survivors on a mysterious tropical island, after a commercial passenger jet from the fictional Oceanic Airlines crashes somewhere in the South Pacific. Each episode typically features a primary storyline on the island as well as a secondary storyline, a flashback from another point in a character's life.

Out of the 324 people on board Oceanic Flight 815, there are 71 initial survivors (70 humans and one dog) spread across the three sections of the plane crash.

Casting and development
Many of the first season roles were a result of the executive producers' liking of various actors. The main character Jack was originally going to die in the pilot, and was hoped to be played by Michael Keaton; however, ABC executives were adamant that Jack live. Before it was decided that Jack would live, Kate was to emerge as the leader of the survivors; she was originally conceived to be more like the character of Rose. Dominic Monaghan auditioned for the role of Sawyer, who at the time was supposed to be a suit-wearing city con man. The producers enjoyed Monaghan's performance and changed the character of Charlie, originally a middle-aged former rock star, to fit him. Jorge Garcia also auditioned for Sawyer, and the part of Hurley was written for him. When Josh Holloway auditioned for Sawyer, the producers liked the edge he brought to the character (he reportedly kicked a chair when he forgot his lines and got angry in the audition) and his southern accent, so they changed Sawyer to fit Holloway's acting. Yunjin Kim auditioned for Kate, but the producers wrote the character of Sun for her and the character of Jin, portrayed by Daniel Dae Kim, to be her husband. Sayid, played by Naveen Andrews, was also not in the original script. Locke and Michael were written with their actors in mind. Emilie de Ravin, who plays Claire, was originally cast in what was supposed to be a recurring role. Kimberley Joseph's character, an unnamed flight attendant, was originally scripted to be killed off in the pilot, but was brought back in Season 2 with the name Cindy and continued to make guest appearances through to the final season, becoming one of the last handful of Flight 815 survivors.

Main characters
Characters are listed alphabetically. "Starring season(s)" refers to the season in which an actor or actress received star billing for playing a character. "Recurring season(s)" identifies a season in which an actor or actress appeared, but received guest star or special guest star billing.

Reception
Entertainment Weekly praised the show's fourth season for its "captivating minor characters (tortured Sayid, scheming Juliet, savvy Ben)". In May 2006, McFarlane Toys announced recurring lines of character action figures and released the first series in November 2006, with the second series being released July 2007.

title: List of Lost characters


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Talk:Dragobete

Untitled
The Dacians had a special symbol for fertility, vital force and love: the he-goat named by them “Trago”. The other part of “Dragobete” came from a forgotten Dacian word “pede” which means legs. Due to the language evolution over centuries these two words became later Drago-Bete and formed a single name with a different meaning. It might be strange for you why these “legs” are connected to love… but don’t forget that ancient civilizations (like Dacians) performed magic rituals on certain occasions.

the legs of a he-goat ? That's silly.

Anyway, it's pretty clear that this word has a Slavic root, the same like drag, dragoste, etc. Bogdan | Talk 22:21, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Why to you find silly the goat legs? In the greek mythology the Satyr have a goat-like aspect and is also a fertility symbol. (Nicubunu 15:38, 23 February 2007 (UTC))

title: Talk:Dragobete


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Bratsigovo

Bratsigovo (Брацигово ) is a town in Southern Bulgaria. It is located in the foothills of the Rhodope Mountains, on the banks of the Umishka River in Pazardzhik oblast, and is close to the towns of Peshtera and Krichim.

Bratsigovo Hills on Trinity Peninsula in Antarctica are named after the town.

Some Aromanians live in Bratsigovo.

History
Archeological evidence has shown that the area was inhabited by Thracians and later Slavs.

Historical records show the township was established at some point in the 16th-17th century, built over the ruins of an earlier settlement. The founders of the new town were Bulgarian emigrants from the western part of Aegean Macedonia, from the vicinity of Kostur.

The population of Bratsigovo took an active part in the April Uprising of 1876.

In 1950 Bratsigovo had a population of 3,364. (Source=Columbia-Lippincott Gazetteer)

Web page: http://www.bratsigovo.bg/

Balneology
The town is being developed as a balneological center. There is a cold mineral water spring (18-26 C) with the flow rate of 120 liters per minute at the distance of 500 metres west of it. There is a balneo-sanatorium built up here. The mineral water treats some skin diseases, the nervous system, kidney related diseases and others. There is a nice park and a country-houses zone around it.

Notable residents

 * Boro Vukmirović

title: Bratsigovo


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John 20:2

John 20:2 is the second verse of the twentieth chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament. Mary Magdalene has just discovered that the tomb of Jesus has been opened. In this verse she seeks out and tells this news to Peter and the "disciple whom Jesus loved".

Content
The English Standard Version translates the passage as: "So she ran and went to Simon Peter and the other disciple, the one whom Jesus loved, and said to them, "They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have laid him.""

Analysis
John probably refers to the angel's message in when he has Mary inform Peter and the other disciple. Rudolf Schnackenberg notes that the double-barreled name Simon Peter is how the Gospel of John usually refers to Peter.

This is the third appearance of the Beloved Disciple in John, he also appears in and. The introduction of the Beloved Disciple leads to two starkly different views on the veracity of the passage and those that come later. To those who believe in the traditional view that the Beloved Disciple is the author of the Gospel it adds great weight to what comes next as it is the report of an eyewitness.

Mary Magdalene refers to they, but does not make clear who they are. Brooke Foss Westcott lists three possibilities: She might mean grave robbers. Grave robbery was a problem in Palestine during this era, as a Roman first century edict condemning the practice makes clear. They could also refer to the Jewish leaders who may have had a reason to take the body. Some feel the "we don't know where they have put him" makes it possible that they refers to the grave keepers and that Jesus' body was merely shifted to another tomb. Raymond E. Brown notes that the verb tithenai, which is translated as laid/put can also mean buried. However, if Mary was thinking the body had merely been shifted by workers it raises the question of why she is so concerned, and why Peter and the Beloved Disciple so quickly leave to investigate.

Jesus was called by Mary as lord, a title that previously had not been used by Jesus' followers in John. Some, such as Brown, see this as evidence that this section was written by a different author from the rest of the gospel. An alternative theory is that the new title is permissible now that Jesus is dead.

Mary thinks that grave-robbers or the authorities have stolen the body, whereas mentions the allegation by the Jews that the disciples stole the body.

Mary states that "we don't know where they have put him." However the previous verse only mentioned her at the tomb. Many scholars link this to the synoptic gospels where Mary is described as going to the grave with a group of other women. To those who believe in the inerrancy of the Bible this is evidence that the other women were in fact with Mary, but the author of John did not feel it was necessary to mention them. Some early versions of the gospel have "I" instead of "we", but Brown does not think it means much as the rest of the passage remains unaltered.

title: John 20:2


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John 20:3–4

John 20:3–4 are the third and fourth verses of the twentieth chapter of the Gospel of John in the New Testament. Peter and the Beloved Disciple have been informed by Mary Magdalene that Jesus' tomb has been opened and in these verses they depart for the tomb.

Content
In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:
 * 3: Peter therefore went forth, and that other
 * disciple, and came to the sepulchre.
 * 4: So they ran both together: and the other disciple
 * did outrun Peter, and came first to the sepulchre.

The English Standard Version translates the passage as:
 * 3: So Peter went out with the other disciple,
 * and they were going toward the tomb.
 * 4: Both of them were running together, but the other disciple
 * outran Peter and reached the tomb first.

For a collection of other versions, see BibleHub John 20:3- 20:4.

Analysis
John Calvin notes the zeal that causes the two disciples to depart immediately to inspect the situation when they hear the news of the opened tomb. It is never explained why the disciples move from travelling into running. It is often speculated that the tomb has come within sight and the two only run the last stretch. The act of running shows the deep concern the disciples had for the fate of Jesus' body.

Westcott notes that the passage clearly indicates that Peter takes the lead and the Beloved Disciple merely follows him. The main issue of interpretation is why the Beloved Disciple out races Peter to the tomb. Some scholars have seen this as a metaphoric, elevating the Beloved Disciple over Peter. Peter perhaps being denigrated for his actions around the crucifixion. Most scholars disagree with this view. The tradition that the Beloved Disciple was the author of John made it necessary for him to be considerably younger than Peter. His youthful vigour is thus a common explanation for why he beats Peter. The Disciple's great love for Jesus is also considered as a possible explanation.

title: John 20:3–4


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User:Kortsleting~enwiki

Kortsleting, that's me! It means 'electrical short circuit'.

Just a short message for now. If you'd like to read more, there's more stuff in my indonesian page. Thanks for stopping by!

- Kortsleting

You Could Find Me in ... Too
Kortsleting English Page User

Kortsleting Indonesian Page User

title: User:Kortsleting~enwiki


text:
IIB

IIB or IIb may refer to:
 * IIb, a diamond type
 * IIb, a type of type II supernova
 * Intergranular and Interphase Boundaries (IIB) in Materials, a series of triennial international conferences which started in Paris (France) in 1989
 * International Investment Bank, a multilateral development bank
 * "Ice Ice Baby", a hip hop song written by American rapper Vanilla Ice
 * International Patent Institute (Institut International des Brevets), an intellectual property organisation established on June 6, 1947, now defunct
 * Islamic International Brigade, an international unit of Islamist mujahideen founded in 1998
 * KBC Bank Ireland, (established in 1973 as Irish Intercontinental Bank), one of the leading non-retail banks in Ireland
 * Type II string theory (type IIB), described by type IIB supergravity in ten dimensions
 * IBM Integration Bus, an enterprise service bus software product by IBM
 * A rating in the Hong Kong motion picture rating system

title: IIB


text:
User:Seasurfer

Hello, everybody. I am from Malaysia. Currently a medical student and an administrator in Chinese Wikipedia. You can find me in the Chinese version Wikipedia, as I am more active there, if you need any help in Mandarin or Malay language, you may leave me a message, I will try my best to help you.

zh:user:Seasurfer

title: User:Seasurfer


text: User talk:80.172.128.189

title: User talk:80.172.128.189


text:
Talk:Sofonisba Anguissola

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Bradyjj25.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:43, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Rhein o.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:43, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Peer reviewers: Cahlswede.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:43, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Sophonisba Angussola
Sophonisba Angussola, an other page with same infos — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.208.114.111 (talk) 12:44, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Questions
She was born in 1532 or 1535. We're told that her mother died when she was 4 or 5. The portait of her mother was painted in 1557. I just find it a bit strange. Shelley Konk (talk) 05:40, 11 November 2008 (UTC) I'm wondering why Vasari is listed as a possibly unreliable source. Granted, Vasari was wrong about many things, but is he being flagged as having an unreliable opinion about Anguissola or is it simply that we don't know which edition of Vasari is cited? Re the previous question, I don't have an answer, but on the one hand I'd say that it was hardly unusual for painters to do portraits of the dead, YET given the family constellation, it sounds as though the mother didn't die as early as stated. Someone should check on this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.148.204.127 (talk) 02:31, 6 April 2010 (UTC) I believe there should be citations for the information presented in her overview. Specifically, the part about her work becoming an example for other artists and opening the way for large numbers of women. In addition, I do not think we should make judgement statements about her most distinctive or attractive paintings without citing somethingBradyjj25 (talk) 16:48, 31 January 2017 (UTC)

Nationality
Italy did not exist as a unified country, or even as a State, at the time she lived and therefore her "nationality" could not have been Italian. Where does that piece of info come from? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.228.32.250 (talk) 12:57, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

 * I think that's a good point. Her region was Lombardy. When she visited Florence, I don't know but I suspect the shift in language from Lombard dialect to Florentine dialect might have been challenging (for example), so it's a good thing to follow up on, in my opinion. 2603:7000:6402:9BAC:ED34:9617:2CD0:9921 (talk) 19:25, 30 August 2023 (UTC)

Influence on other artists
The section on Historical Significance touches on this briefly, but I propose adding that Anguissola was an inspiration for Irene di Spilimbergo and Lavinia Fontana specifically. Something like this:

"Sofonisba Anguissola’s position and success in the court of Philip II influenced other female artists of the time. Lavinia Fontana expressed in a letter written in 1579 that she and another woman, Irene di Spilimbergo, had “set [their] heart[s] on learning how to paint” after seeing one of Anguissola’s portraits. "

I found my information on page 76 of the reference, should anyone like to read it.

Thoughts on where this would best be added, on wording, and on whether it should be added at all are appreciated! Ecradu01 (talk) 04:01, 22 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Fine, but make sure that it's clear the influence/inspiration was in terms of women being able to paint, rather than the normal stylistic meaning of "influenced" in art history. I don't think there's much of that. Fontana's father was a painter, which no doubt also had something to do with it. Irene di Spilimbergo was only 8 years younger than Anguissola, and whatever the letter says must I think have been quite far advanced in her training before seeing anything by her. She died when Fontana was 7 btw, in the same year Anguissola went to Spain, and it's hard to see how they (F &S) could have known each other. Johnbod (talk) 04:12, 22 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I wonder whether treating the Anguissola daughters all together might be a good idea? since they all shared influences when young, and one or two seem to have been at least as good as Sofonisba--but either went into convents, or got married, or otherwise followed a path that was not professional court painter. 2603:7000:6402:9BAC:ED34:9617:2CD0:9921 (talk) 19:27, 30 August 2023 (UTC)

Contradiction
How was her family poor if they were noble? — THORNFIELD HALL (Talk) 03:15, 27 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sofonisba Anguissola


text:
Ontario Securities Commission

The Ontario Securities Commission (OSC; French: Commission des valeurs mobilières de l’Ontario) is a regulatory agency which administers and enforces securities legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario. The OSC is an Ontario Crown agency which reports to the Ontario legislature through the Minister of Finance.

Canada does not have a national securities regulator, and each province and territory regulates its own capital markets; OSC regulates the capital markets in Ontario. Other notable provincial regulators include the Alberta Securities Commission, the Autorité des marchés financiers (Québec), and the British Columbia Securities Commission.

The OSC's mandate is to:
 * Protect investors from unfair, improper and fraudulent practices
 * Foster fair and efficient capital markets
 * Maintain public and investor confidence in the integrity of those markets
 * Contribute to the stability of the financial system and the reduction of systemic risk

The OSC administers the Ontario Securities Act and the Commodity Futures Act and with about 500 employees, is the largest securities regulator in Canada and has the Toronto Stock Exchange within its jurisdiction.

title: Ontario Securities Commission


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Battle for Mandicor

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 03:09, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Battle for Mandicor
This game doesn't seem notable. Google only shows 58 hits. It seems to fall into the same category as the deleted Votes for deletion/Astroseries. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 22:30, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Stratagus . Keep and expandMegan1967 03:12, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I'm not really right person to say "Keep this article", because I've made this article and I'm main developer of this project. But I'm _not_ going to stop development, before this game is most notable and best of all OpenSource RTS games. And - I know this article is stub. KimmoKM 18:03, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable right now. Carrp | Talk 04:27, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. - Bryce

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.