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Yakitate!! Japan

Yakitate!! Japan (焼きたて!! ジャぱん) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Takashi Hashiguchi. It was serialized in Shogakukan's manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Sunday from December 2001 to January 2007, with its chapters collected in 26  volumes. A 69-episode anime television series adaptation by Sunrise was broadcast on TV Tokyo from October 2004 to March 2006. In North America, the manga was licensed in English by Viz Media in 2005 and Nozomi Entertainment licensed the anime series in 2014.

In 2004, ''Yakitate!! Japan'' won the 49th Shogakukan Manga Award for the category.

Plot
Kazuma Azuma is a boy on a quest to create "Ja-pan", a national bread for Japan, as many other countries have their own signature breads. He heads to Tokyo with the intention of working at the famous bread-making chain Pantasia. Along the way, he meets other bakers, both learning from and competing against them. The characters bake their bread using their burning passion and even anger, similar to the legendary Kanjitake (河内 恭) cooking style of Hokkaido. Besides a desire to create Ja-pan, Azuma also possesses legendary Hands of the Sun (太陽の手): hands that are warmer than typical, prompting dough to ferment faster. While this gives him an advantage early on, his innovation is his greater talent.

Manga
Written and illustrated by Takashi Hashiguchi, ''Yakitate!! Japan was serialized in Shogakukan's manga Weekly Shōnen Sunday'' from December 26, 2001,  to January 10, 2007. Shogakukan collected its chapters into twenty-six volumes, published from March 18, 2002, to April 18, 2007.

In North America, Viz Media licensed the manga in late 2005. The twenty-six volumes were released from September 12, 2006, to April 12, 2011.

Hashiguchi started another series, titled Yakitate!! Japan Super Real (焼きたて！！ジャぱん～超現実～), on Line Manga app on August 16, 2019. The manga is written by Kenzo Irie and illustrated by Hashiguchi. Its chapters were collected in five volumes, released from April 17, 2020, to December 17, 2021.

Anime
''Yakitate!! Japan'' was adapted into a 69-episode anime television series. It aired on TV Tokyo from October 12, 2004, to March 14, 2006. Aniplex collected the individual episodes on DVD. The first arc, Pantasia Newcomers Battle arc, was compiled on seven DVDs released from March 25 to September 28, 2005. The second arc, Monaco Cup arc was compiled on six DVDs released from October 26, 2005, to March 29, 2006. The third arc, ''Yakitate! 9 arc'', was released on five DVDs from April 26 to August 23, 2006.

In North America, the series was licensed by Nozomi Entertainment in July 2014. Nozomi released the series on three DVD sets on March 3, May 5, and July 7, 2015. Crunchyroll started streaming the series in November 2015. In July 2019, Funimation announced the streaming rights to the series on its FunimationNow platform. In Southeast Asia, Muse Communication licensed the series and streamed it on their Muse Asia YouTube channel.

Music
The music from the anime series was composed by Taku Iwasaki. Two original soundtracks albums were released on March 24 and November 23, 2005.

The first opening theme for episodes 1 to 29 is "Houki Gumo" (ホウキ雲) by Rythem. The second opening theme for episodes 30 to 53 is "Promise" by TiA. The third opening theme for episodes 54 to 69 is Chiisana Uta (小さな歌) by Maria.

The first ending theme for episodes 1 to 12 is "Sunday" by The Babystars. The second ending theme for episodes 13 to 29 is "To All Tha Dreamers" by Soul'd Out. The third ending theme for episodes 30 to 42 is "Hummingbird" (ハミングバード) by Little by Little. The fourth ending theme for episodes 43 to 53 is "Re: START" by Surface. The fifth ending theme for episodes 54 to 62 is "Merry Go Round" by Mai Hoshimura. The sixth ending theme for episodes 63 to 68 is "Kokoro Bīdama" (ココロビーダマ). The first opening theme "Houki Gumo" is used as the final ending theme for episode 69.

Video games
A video game, titled Yakitate!! Japan: Game 1 – Gō Chōjō Kessen!! Pantasic Grand Prix! (焼きたて!!ジャぱん　ゲーム１号　頂上決戦!!パンタジック・グランプリ！), published by Bandai, was released for the Nintendo DS on January 12, 2006. Characters also appeared in the crossover Shonen Sunday & Shonen Magazine White Comic (少年サンデー＆少年マガジン WHITE COMIC), also for Nintendo DS in 2009.

Reception
Along with Fullmetal Alchemist, ''Yakitate!! Japan'' won the 49th Shogakukan Manga Award for the shōnen manga category in 2004.

title: Yakitate!! Japan


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maher & Vass

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 13:42, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Maher & Vass
Advertising. I deleted the email address and phone number. RickK 07:06, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, Advertising. Inter 10:13, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Radiant! 10:25, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, company advertisement. Megan1967 01:26, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Quest Diagnostics

Quest Diagnostics Incorporated is an American clinical laboratory. A Fortune 500 company, Quest operates in the United States, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Brazil. Quest also maintains collaborative agreements with various hospitals and clinics across the globe.

As of 2020, the company had approximately 48,000 employees, and it generated more than $7.7 billion in revenue in 2019. The company offers access to diagnostic testing services for cancer, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, neurological disorders, COVID-19, and employment and court-ordered drug testing.

1960–1995
Originally founded as Metropolitan Pathology Laboratory, Inc. in 1967 by Paul A. Brown, MD, the clinical laboratory underwent a variety of name changes. In 1969, the company's name changed to MetPath, Inc. with headquarters in Teaneck, New Jersey. By 1982, MetPath was acquired by what was then known as Corning Glass Works and was subsequently renamed Corning Clinical Laboratories.

1996–2000
On December 31, 1996, Quest Diagnostics became an independent company as a spin-off from Corning. Kenneth W. Freeman was appointed as CEO during this transition. Over the next year, Quest acquired a clinical laboratory division of Branford, Connecticut–based Diagnostic Medical Laboratory, Inc. (DML). Two years later in 1999, Quest added SmithKline Beecham Clinical Laboratories to their subsidiaries; which includes a joint venture ownership with CompuNet Clinical Laboratory. The purchase of SmithKline Beecham also included the lab's medical sample transport airline originally founded in 1988.

In 1997, Quest and Banner Health formed a joint venture creating the Arizona based Sonora Quest laboratory, a business unit of Laboratory Sciences of Arizona. This entity represents the operations of Quest Diagnostics in the Arizona regional market.

2001–2015
From May 2004 to April 2012, Surya Mohapatra served as the company's President and CEO. In 2007 Quest acquired diagnostic testing equipment company AmeriPath. In response to Mohapatra's resignation after eight years with Quest, former Philips Healthcare CEO Stephen Rusckowski was appointed. Under Rusckowski, Quest Diagnostics teamed up with central New England's largest health care system, UMass Memorial Health Care, to purchase its clinical outreach laboratory.

2016–present
In 2016, Quest collaborated with Safeway to bring testing services to twelve of its stores in California, Maryland, Virginia, Texas and Colorado.

By the end of 2017, Quest, in partnership with Walmart, incorporated laboratory testing in about 15 of their locations in Texas and Florida.

In May 2018, the company announced it will become an in-network laboratory provider to UnitedHealthcare starting in 2019, providing access to 48 million plan members.

In September 2018, Quest moved its headquarters from Madison, where it was located since 2007, to Secaucus, New Jersey.

In November 2018, Quest launched QuestDirect, a consumer-initiated testing service that allows patients to order health and wellness lab testing from home.

In March 2020, the company launched a COVID-19 testing service. As of July 2020, Quest had performed more than 9.2 million COVID-19 molecular tests and 2.8 million serology tests.

In April 2024, Quest has added a new blood screening to their AD-Detect product line. This test will analyze the blood for a specific Alzheimer's protein, pTau-217.

Partnerships

 * 2005: Forms a strategic alliance with Ciphergen Biosystems to commercialize novel proteomic tests.

Controversies
Quest Diagnostics set a record in April 2009 when it paid $302 million to the government to settle a Medicare fraud case alleging the company sold faulty medical testing kits. It was the largest qui tam (whistleblower) settlement paid by a medical lab for manufacturing and distributing a faulty product. In May 2011, Quest paid $241 million to the state of California to settle a False Claims Act case that alleged the company had overcharged Medi-Cal, the state's Medicaid program, and provided illegal kickbacks as incentives for healthcare providers to use Quest labs.

In 2018, Quest Diagnostics was among a number of US based labs linked to inaccuracies of over 200 women's cervical smear tests for CervicalCheck, Ireland's national screening program. Audits of the testing performed by Quest (and another subcontractor Clinical Pathology Laboratories, Inc. of Austin Texas) showed a high rate of errors in analysis of samples which led to lawsuits and a government inquiry. Quest and the Irish government continue to settle the resulting lawsuits.

On June 3, 2019, Quest announced that American Medical Collection Agency (AMCA), a billing collections service provider, had informed Quest Diagnostics that an unauthorized user had access to AMCA’s system containing personal information AMCA received from various entities, including from Quest. AMCA provides billing collections services to Optum360, which in turn is a Quest contractor. AMCA later went bankrupt after the breach.

title: Quest Diagnostics


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Chenopodioideae

The Chenopodioideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae in the APG III system, which is largely based on molecular phylogeny, but were included – together with other subfamilies – in the family Chenopodiaceae, or goosefoot family, in the Cronquist system.

Food species comprise spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Good King Henry (Blitum bonus-henricus), several Chenopodium species (quinoa, kañiwa, fat hen), orache (Atriplex spp.), and epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides). The name is Greek for goosefoot, the common name of a genus of plants having small greenish flowers.

Description
The Chenopodioideae are annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, shrub or small trees. The leaves are usually alternate and flat.

The flowers are often unisexual. Many species are monoecious or have mixed inflorescences of bisexual and unisexual flowers. Some species are dioecious, like Spinacia, Grayia, Exomis, and Atriplex. In several species of tribe Atripliceae, the female flowers are without perianth, but enclosed by two bracts. The species with a perianth have up to five tepals. The seed is horizontal or vertical, with annular or horseshoe-shaped embryo.

Distribution
The subfamily Chenopodioideae is distributed worldwide, but originates from Eurasia.

Systematics
The genera of this subfamily were formerly classified in family Chenopodiaceae in the Cronquist system.

According to Fuentes-Bazan et al. (2012) and based on molecular genetic research, the subfamily comprises four tribes and includes about twenty-six genera:
 * Tribus Anserineae Dumort. (Syn. Spinacieae), with two genera:
 * Spinacia L.: with three species in Western Asia and North Africa:
 * Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
 * Blitum, with 12 species nearly worldwide, for example:
 * Blitum capitatum – Strawberry Blite (Syn. Chenopodium capitatum)
 * Blitum bonus-henricus – Good King Henry (Syn. Chenopodium bonus-henricus)
 * Blitum virgatum – leafy goosefoot (Syn. Chenopodium foliosum)
 * Tribus Atripliceae C. A. Mey. (Syn. Chenopodieae Dumort.): Fuentes-Bazan et al. (2012) include here also Chenopodium and related genera, as Chenopodiastrum, Lipandra and Oxybasis.
 * Archiatriplex G.L.Chu, with only one species:
 * Archiatriplex nanpinensis G.L.Chu: endemic in the Chinese province Sichuan.
 * Atriplex L. - saltbush, orache (Syn.: Blackiella, Cremnophyton, Haloxanthium, Neopreissia, Obione, Pachypharynx, Senniella, Theleophyton), with about 300 species worldwide
 * Baolia H.W.Kung & G.L.Chu, with only one species:
 * Baolia bracteata H.W.Kung & G.L.Chu, endemic in the Chinese province Gansu.
 * Chenopodiastrum S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch: with five species, for example:
 * Chenopodiastrum hybridum (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch (Syn. Chenopodium hybridum L.)
 * Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch – Sowbane, nettle-leaf goosefoot (Syn. Chenopodium murale L.)
 * Chenopodiastrum simplex (Torrey) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch – Maple-leaf goosefoot (Syn.: Chenopodium simplex (Torrey) Raf.)
 * Chenopodium L. – goosefoot (sensu stricto, incl. Einadia Raf. and Rhagodia R.Br. ): with about 90 species worldwide.
 * Exomis Fenzl ex Moq., with only one species:
 * Exomis microphylla (Thunb.) Aellen: a subshrub in southern and western Africa growing in gardens and hedges.
 * Extriplex E.H.Zacharias, with two species in western North America:
 * Extriplex californica (Moq.) E.H.Zacharias – California saltbush, California orache (Syn.: Atriplex californica Moq.)
 * Extriplex joaquinana (A.Nelson) E.H.Zacharias – San Joaquin saltbush, San Joaquin orach (Syn.: Atriplex joaquinana A.Nelson)
 * Grayia Hook. & Arn. – siltbush, hopsage (Syn. Zuckia Standl.), with four shrubby species in western North America, for example:
 * Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Moq. – spiny hopsage
 * Halimione Aellen – purslane, with three species in Europe and Western Asia, for example:
 * Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen (Syn.: Atriplex portulacoides L.) – sea purslane
 * Holmbergia Hicken, with only one species:
 * Holmbergia tweedii (Moq.) Speg., a shrub in Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina.
 * Lipandra Moq.: with only one species:
 * Lipandra polysperma (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch (Syn. Chenopodium polyspermum L.) – many-seed goosefoot
 * Manochlamys Aellen, with only one species:
 * Manochlamys albicans Aellen: a subshrub in southern Africa, Namibia and Cape province, growing on rocky and sandy slopes, sand dunes and road sides.
 * Microgynoecium Hook.f., with only one species:
 * Microgynoecium tibeticum Hook.f.: in Tibet and Sikkim, growing in alpine meadows and on disturbed sites.
 * Micromonolepis Ulbr., with only one species:
 * Micromonolepis pusilla (Torr. ex S. Watson) Ulbr. – small povertyweed, in western North America
 * Oxybasis Kar. & Kir.: with five species, for example:
 * Oxybasis chenopodioides (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch – low goosefoot (Syn. Chenopodium chenopodioides (L.) Aellen)
 * Oxybasis glauca (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch – Oak-leaved goosefoot (Syn. Chenopodium glaucum L.)
 * Oxybasis rubra (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch – Red Goosefoot (Syn. Chenopodium rubrum L.)
 * Proatriplex (W.A.Weber) Stutz & G.L.Chu, with only one species:
 * Proatriplex pleiantha (W.A.Weber) Stutz & G.L.Chu, an annual herb from western North America.
 * Stutzia E.H.Zacharias (Syn. Endolepis Torr.), with two annual species in western North America:
 * Stutzia covillei (Standl.) E.H.Zacharias (Syn. Atriplex covillei (Standl.) J. F. Macbr., Endolepis covillei Standl)
 * Stutzia dioica (Nutt.) E.H.Zacharias (Syn. Atriplex suckleyi (Torrey) Rydberg, Endolepis suckleyi Torr.)
 * Tribus Axyrideae (Heklau) G. Kadereit & A. Sukhor., with dendritic trichomes. three genera:
 * Axyris L., with about six species Central Asia, Himalaya and western China, for example:
 * Axyris amaranthoides L. – Russian pigweed, upright axyris
 * Ceratocarpus L., with two species in Europe and West Asia
 * Krascheninnikovia Gueldenst., with eight species in Eurasia and western North America, for example:
 * Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A.Meeuse & A.Smit – winterfat
 * Tribus Dysphanieae:
 * Cycloloma Moq. (Syn.: Cyclolepis Moquin-Tandon) with only one species:
 * Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Sprengel) J.M.Coulter: widespread in Canada, USA and northern Mexico
 * Dysphania R.Br., with about 42 species worldwide, for example:
 * Dysphania ambrosioides – epazote
 * Dysphania anthelmintica – wormseed
 * Neomonolepis Sukhor., with one species, Neomonolepis spathulata, from western North America.
 * Suckleya A.Gray, with only one species:
 * Suckleya suckleyana (Torr.) Rydb., a succulent annual from western North America.
 * Teloxys Moq.: with only one species:
 * Teloxys aristata (L.) Moq. (Syn.: Chenopodium aristatum L., Dysphania aristata): from Eastern Europe to temperate Asia, naturalized elsewhere.

Fossil record
The oldest fossil records for Chenopodioideae are pollen grains recovered from Maastrichtian sediments of the Edmonton Formation in Canada.

title: Chenopodioideae


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YBA

YBA or yba can refer to a number of things:

 * Young British Artists, a movement of British artists in the 1980s and 1990s
 * Yala language, a language spoken in Ogoja, Nigeria, by ISO 639 code
 * Young Buddhist Association, an association of Buddhists in the U.S.
 * Banff Airport, an airstrip near Banff, Alberta, Canada, by IATA code
 * Yemen Basketball Association, which manages the Yemen men's national basketball team
 * Young Business Ambassadors, a business networking program run by the Singapore International Foundation Iba Cathedral (also spelled "Yba"), a cathedral in Iba, the Philippines.

title: YBA


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Scout Life

Scout Life (formerly Boys' Life) is the monthly magazine of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). Its target readers are children between the ages of 6 and 18. The magazine‘s headquarters are in Irving, Texas.

Scout Life is published in two demographic editions. Both editions often had the same cover, but are tuned to the target audience through the inclusion of 16–20 pages of unique content per edition. The first edition is suitable for the youngest members of Cub Scouting, the 6-to-10-year-old Cub Scouts and first-year Webelos Scouts. The second edition is appropriate for 11-to-18-year-old boys and girls, which includes second-year Webelos through 18-year-old Boy Scouts, Varsity Scouts and Venturers. If the subscription was obtained through registration in the Boy Scouts of America program, the publisher selects the appropriate edition based on the scout's age.

In June 2007, Boys' Life garnered four Distinguished Achievement Awards conferred by the Association of Educational Publishers (AEP), including Periodical of the Year.

The magazine's mascot is Pedro the Mailburro, who answers readers' letters and is the subject of a comic strip. In 2018, the BSA announced a pending title change to reflect the addition of girls to Scouts BSA, the renamed program that now accepts scouts of both sexes. The title was changed to Scout Life beginning with the January 2021 issue.

History
In 1911, George S. Barton, of Somerville, Massachusetts, founded and published the first edition of Boys' Life magazine. It was edited by 18-year old Joe Lane of Providence, Rhode Island. He called it Boys' and Boy Scouts' Magazine. At that time there were three major competing Scouting organizations: the American Boy Scouts, New England Boy Scouts, and Boy Scouts of America (BSA).

Five thousand copies were printed of the first issue of Barton's Boys' Life, published on January 1, 1911. The more widely accepted first edition is the version published on March 1, 1911. With this issue, the magazine was expanded from eight to 48 pages, the page size was reduced, and a two-color cover was added. In 1912, the Boy Scouts of America purchased the magazine, and made it an official BSA magazine. BSA paid $6,000, $1 per subscriber, for the magazine.

Content
Often, the version of Boys' Life geared towards older boys features buying guides for products such as cars, MP3 players, digital cameras, sunglasses, and more.

Boys' Life had in 2005 a monthly feature called "BL's Get Fit Guide". Each month highlighted a different aspect of physical health, such as diet, exercise, and drugs. Each month the magazine also features an unusual Boy Scout trip that most Scouts do not normally do. These trips range from a Philmont Scout Ranch adventure to a white water rafting trip.

In both versions, Boys' Life features a video game section, which, in addition to new video game reviews, contains cheats for a video game monthly. They also contain technology updates, as well as book reviews.

Content includes Special Features, Adventure Stories, Bank Street Classics, Entertainment, Environmental Issues, History, Sports, and Codemaster.

Comics have included Bible Stories, Pedro, Pee Wee Harris, Scouts in Action, Rupert the Invincible, Rocky Stoneaxe, Space Conquerors (1955 to 1975); The Tracy Twins (created by Dik Browne), Dink & Duff, Tiger Cubs, Webelos Woody, Norby, and John Christopher's The Tripods trilogy. Boys' Life contracted with the Johnstone and Cushing art agency to produce much of its early cartooning content.

Feature columns include Electronics, Entertainment, Fast Facts, History, Hitchin' Rack With Pedro the Mailburro, Think and Grin (jokes page), Science, Scouting Around, and Sports. Two columns, Hobby Hows and Collecting, featured Scouts' own personal hobby tips and collections; Scouts were invited to submit stories for these columns and received $10 if they were chosen for publication. There was also a Scouts in Action stories of scouts who helped saved persons lives.

Pedro
Pedro is a fictional burro created as a mascot for the magazine. Pedro first appeared in 1947 according to an account in the magazine for June 1961 in which he appeared on the cover. Pedro's official function is "mailburro," and for years, he appeared at the beginning of the letters to the editor column. A short paragraph detailing Pedro's latest "adventure" was decorated with a cartoon version of the beast by cartoonist Reamer Keller. In every issue since 1989, Boys' Life included a column "written" by Pedro that later evolved into a department known as "Hitchin' Rack". Scouts could write a letter addressed to Pedro, and mail it to Irving, Texas, where the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and Boys' Life magazine were headquartered. Responses would be published in the following edition of the magazine. Through his column, Pedro has given advice on camping gear, camping skills, and how to solve problems within with camping, fishing, backpacking, cooking, etc. The second cartoon was called "The Pedro Patrol". In this comic, Pedro and a group of Boy Scouts taught the readers scouting skills. The comic was discontinued and replaced with "The Wacky Adventures of Pedro." This is a comics section in the magazine, drawn lately by Tom Eagan, then drawn by Tom Eaton, and starting in January 2016, Stephen Gilpin. He also regularly appears in videos and games on the magazine's website.

In 1970, Boys' Life Merchandise created a scarf using the Pedro logo. In the 1990s, Pedro started to appear on T-shirts, sweaters, hats, insignias, etc. Pedro became involved with the Merit Badge Series (the Boy Scouts' award system), showing techniques and tips on how to earn particular badges. This led to "Merit Badge Minute", a new column established in 2010, giving tips for three badges each month.

In the January-February 2022 issue, Pedro retired. The comic was subsequently titled "The Wacky Adventures of Steve" in the March 2022 issue, and then renamed to "The Wacky Adventures @ Scout Life" in the April 2022 issue. In late 2022, Pedro was replaced by Scout the Maileagle, who also took over Hitchin' Rack.

Contributors
Writers contributing over the years include Isaac Asimov, Bertrand R. Brinley, Catherine Drinker Bowen, Ray Bradbury, Van Wyck Brooks, Arthur C. Clarke, J. Allan Dunn, Bobby Fischer, Alex Haley, Robert A. Heinlein, William Hillcourt, John Knowles, Arthur B. Reeve, Ernest Thompson Seton, Zane Grey, and Isaac Bashevis Singer.

Artists and photographers who have contributed over the years include Harrison Cady.

Donald Keith's "Time Machine" series of stories appeared between 1959 and 1989. Bobby Fischer wrote the chess column "Checkmate" from 1966 until 1969.

title: Scout Life


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GRH

GRH may refer to:
 * Gartcosh railway station, in Scotland
 * Gbiri-Niragu language
 * Generalized Riemann hypothesis
 * Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
 * Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget Act

title: GRH


text:
User:HarvardSpy

Harvard College class of 2004

new to wikipedia

title: User:HarvardSpy


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Hiroo Station

Hiroo Station (広尾駅) (officially Hiro-o Station) is a subway station on the in Minato, Tokyo operated by the Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metro. The station is named after the adjacent Hiroo neighborhood in Shibuya ward, though the station is entirely located in Minami-Azabu.

Lines
Hiroo Station is served by the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line from Kita-Senju to Naka-Meguro, with through-running services to and from the Tobu Skytree Line in the north. The station is numbered "H03", and is 17.8 km from the northern end of the line at Kita-Senju.

Station layout
The underground station consists of two opposed side platforms serving two tracks.

Exits
The station has four exits, numbered 1 to 4. Exit 1 is convenient for visitors to the Arisugawa-no-miya Memorial Park, the Tokyo Metropolitan Library, and the Kitazato Research Hospital. Exit 2 serves those going to the Hiroo shopping arcade, University of the Sacred Heart or the Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital. Exit 3 is near the Minato word Kōgai Elementary School. Exit 4 newly opened in April 2016. It is closest to the International School of the Sacred Heart, Hiroo Gakuen Junior & Senior High School, Japan Red CrossNursing College or Medical Center and the Minato Ward Kōryō Junior High School. Both Exit 3 and 4 are closest to the Nishi-Azabu, Minami-Aoyama district.

History
The station opened on 25 March 1964.

The station facilities were inherited by Tokyo Metro after the privatization of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in 2004.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 62,588 passengers daily. The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.

Surrounding area
Hiroo is an expensive, overpriced residential area in eastern Shibuya, close to Minato ward in Tokyo. Hiroo is within walking distance of the infamous nightlife district Roppongi, and several shopping and dining areas including Ebisu, Azabu Juban, and Daikanyama.

Hiroo is home to a number of embassies and international schools. The German Embassy is a short walk from the station. Hiroo is home to Meidiya and National Azabu supermarkets, offering upscale groceries and foreign products.

The Hiroo Shopping street offers a mix of traditional Japanese craft stores and modern boutiques. The Mormon Tokyo Japan Temple is close to Hiroo Station, as is Arisugawa-no-miya Memorial Park. Tokyo Metropolitan Library is located in Arisugawa-no-miya Memorial Park.

title: Hiroo Station


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User:PSYCH

Why bother?!

title: User:PSYCH


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Un canadien errant

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 22:44, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Un canadien errant
Move to Wikisource. RickK 07:13, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Encyclopedic. I think inclusion of the (short, public domain) lyrics of an historic patriotic song about which an article is encyclopedic is fair enough. I'm going to wikify and expand to include the Leonard Cohen cover and any other notable use I can find. Keep. Samaritan 14:08, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oooh, I got a lot more on this. Encyclopedia of Music in Canada article, and a Nana Mouskouri rendition too. I'll expand it today. Samaritan 14:20, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * With today's server problems, my entire rewrite was lost. It was quite extensive. I'll do it all again when the servers are not so touch and go. Samaritan 19:48, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Based on Samaritan's references, it is a notable Canadian song written in 1838 about a notable event in that nation's history. It has versions sung by notable musicians such as Leonard Cohen and Nana Mouskouri. Looking forward to Samaritan's articleCapitalistroadster 00:23, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Wikipedia is not a lyrics database. Megan1967 01:27, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This song is historically significant in Quebec.  CJCurrie 02:24, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. —Mar·ka·ci: 2005-02-13 02:28 Z
 * Notable song, but it's been pretty clearly established that Wikipedia isn't really for song lyrics. Move the lyrics to wikisource, but keep and expand the informational part. Bearcat 06:54, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, clearly a suitable article topic. I see that the lyrics are now simply gone, with no link to Wikisource. They should end up on Wikisource someplace, public domain and significant. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:48, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep based on historical significance. kevintoronto Feb 15, 2005
 * Keep Silly Dan 00:09, 2005 Feb 17 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Carlos Castaño Gil

Carlos Castaño Gil (16 May 1965 – 16 April 2004) was a Colombian paramilitary leader who was a founder of the Peasant Self-Defenders of Córdoba and Urabá (ACCU), a far-right paramilitary organisation in Colombia and a former member of the Medellin Cartel. Castaño and his brothers Fidel and Vicente founded the ACCU (and its previous incarnations) after their father was kidnapped and killed by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), in association with other enemies or victims of the guerrillas. The ACCU later became one of the founding members of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC).

First years
Carlos Castaño Gil was the youngest son of the family Castaño Gil, a rich landowner who would have been close to the Alianza Americana Anticomunista. Like his brothers, he experienced firsthand the murder of his father. Led by FARC Guerrilla, at 16 years old, he was determined to take up arms against FARC In revenge of his father's murder. He became a member of a self-defense group, which were among the first of their kind.

He was introduced to the Medellin Cartel kingpin Pablo Escobar by his brother Fidel, but he was against drugs. Castaño received combat training from his brother, from army officers and members of the paramilitary group as well as from the Israeli mercenary Yair Klein. Of this training came out the order for the extermination against the UP between the 1985-96

The Castaño's paramilitary groups were financed by drug kingpin José Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha. The friendship between the Castaño brothers and Pablo Escobar broke after the murders of Galeano and Moncada clan (also Castaño's partners) while being detained inside his personal prison "La Catedral". Castaño and his brothers then became founders of the group "Los Pepes" (an acronym for "people persecuted by Pablo Escobar"). During this time Carlos was known by the aliases of "the Phantom" or "the Kid". Contacts between Los Pepes and the Colombian National Police Search Bloc allegedly resulted in Escobar's death.

One month after Escobar's death, Fidel Castaño was killed in a battle against EPL guerrillas. However, it is believed that Carlos may have had a role in Fidel's death in retaliation for the alleged rape and murder (or possible suicide) of a woman alleged to have been a lover of both brothers. After Fidel's death, Carlos Castaño assumed leadership of AUC, a paramilitary federation.

AUC leader
In a 1996 interview with writer Robin Kirk, later published in More Terrible Than Death: Massacres, Drugs and America's War in Colombia (PublicAffairs: New York, 2003), Castaño acknowledged that the men under his command committed "excesses", but defended them as necessary in Colombia's conflict. "Look, the guerrillas hide themselves within the civilian population, they manipulate the population". In a September 1997 interview in El Tiempo newspaper, Castaño admitted responsibility for the Mapiripán massacre.

In 1997, Castaño later founded an umbrella organization of paramilitaries operating in Colombia known as the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC). The AUC demobilised in 2006 admitting to several brutal murders to the Colombian population. The AUC was accused by human rights organisations of committing atrocities, and it has openly admitted to its involvement in the drug trade. The AUC was listed by the US Department of State as a Foreign Terrorist Organisation. AUC was disbanded after then Colombian President Alvaro Uribe Vélez reached a peace agreement with reduced terms for its members.

Castaño was convicted in absentia of the murder of journalist Jaime Garzón, and sentenced to 38 years in prison.

In a biographical work published in 2001, he admitted to having friendly relations with the high Catholic clergy and political leaders. He added that "the Americans tolerated" the paramilitary groups and had the support of the Colombian national army.

Accusations of narcotrafficking
On 24 September 2002, the United States Department of Justice unsealed an indictment against Castaño which accused him of trafficking over 17 tons of cocaine into the United States. Castaño announced that he would give himself up for trial in the United States and would accept his participation in numerous crimes, though he resented his being personally linked to the drug trade.

Castaño had become isolated from the organisation according to some observers, as he seemed to become relatively critical of the AUC's increasing association with narcotraffickers in recent years and was more willing to compromise with the Colombian Government. Allegedly this caused some AUC commanders to turn their backs on him.

Castaño stated on Colombian television in 2000 that 70 percent of AUC funds came from narcotrafficking.

Disappearance and death
Castaño was killed on 16 April 2004. Acting AUC commanders claimed initially that there was an accidental exchange of gunfire between his bodyguards and a separate group of paramilitary fighters.

Other sources within the group and among its dissident factions claimed that he and his men were captured and tortured before being killed and then buried by order of other AUC top leaders (perhaps his own brother Vicente Castaño and Diego Murillo AKA "Don Berna"), who had become increasingly close to narcotraffickers and their trade. Colombian investigators found a makeshift grave and an unidentified body (yet apparently not Castaño's) near the supposed area of the events. Those same sources alleged that the bodies of Castaño and his other companions were dug up and taken to other locations before the investigators could arrive.

The possible death of the AUC co-founder remained in the air and was the subject of wild and rampant speculation. One of the rumours, dating from June 1, 2004, stated that unidentified diplomatic sources told the AFP agency that Castaño may have been spirited away to either Syria or Egypt, via Panama, allegedly with U.S. assistance. No specific reasoning or details regarding this claim were produced and the parties allegedly involved separately denied their participation.

Sources from the AUC and other local militant factions continued to dispute the exact whereabouts of Carlos Castaño. His personal and financial connections between narcotraffickers and other sectors of society could have allowed for their possible collaboration in his conspicuous disappearance or murder. Despite these claims, the truth regarding Castaño's exact condition remained unknown.

On 23 August 2006, Colombia's Attorney General publicly ordered the capture of his brother Vicente Castaño and seven other individuals, accusing them of being involved in Carlos Castaño's apparent death. Alleged witnesses to the crime stated that Castaño's body was apparently dismembered and incinerated.

Castaño's skeleton was recovered from a shallow grave on 1 September 2006, and identified through DNA testing by the Colombian government authorities. His brother's second lieutenant named Jesús Roldán AKA "MonoLeche", a former Popular Liberation Army (Ejército Popular de Liberación) guerrilla who later joined the paramilitaries, led authorities to the grave.

Popular culture

 * Castaño is portrayed by the actor Mauricio Mejía as the character of Adolfo Aguilar "El Halcón" in TV series El Cartel, Mejía also portrays Castaño in the Netflix original television series Narcos.

 * David Noreña portrays Castaño as the character of Lucio Moreno in the TV series Escobar, el patrón del mal.

 * Castaño is also portrayed by the actor Julián Román in TV series Los Tres Caínes.

Journal articles

 * McDermott, Jeremy "Colombian paramilitary leader murdered", Janes Intelligence Review; June 2004, Vol. 16 Issue 6, pp. 8–9

title: Carlos Castaño Gil


text:
Mario (singer)

Mario Dewar Barrett (born August 27, 1986), known mononymously as Mario, is an American R&B singer. Born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland, he signed a record deal with J Records at the age of 14 and released his self-titled debut studio album (2002) to commercial success. It contained the Billboard Hot 100-top five single, "Just a Friend 2002." His second album, Turning Point (2004) was supported by the single "Let Me Love You," which peaked atop the chart, won two Billboard Music Awards, received a Grammy Award nomination, and remains his most commercially successful release.

His third studio album, Go (2007) saw mild success with its singles "How Do I Breathe" and "Crying Out for Me". His fourth album, D.N.A. (2009) was led by the single "Break Up" (featuring Gucci Mane and Sean Garrett), which peaked within the top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100 and received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In the following year, Barrett was ranked No. 98 by Billboard on their "Artist of the Decade" list. His fifth album, Dancing Shadows (2018) saw further lyrical introspection and creative control than previous commercially-oriented projects, also serving as his first independent release.

Aside from his musical career, he appeared in several television shows and films such as Step Up (2006), Freedom Writers (2007) and Empire (2018–2020). In 2019, Mario starred in the live television production of the musical Rent.

Early life and education
Mario Dewar Barrett was born on August 27, 1986, in Baltimore, Maryland, to his mother Shawntia Hardaway and father Derryl Barrett Sr., a singer in a gospel group called Reformation. He also has a half-brother Derryl "D.J." Barrett Jr., who is a professional drummer. He grew up in west Baltimore and other working-class neighborhoods in Baltimore County, Maryland. He lived with his grandmother, who raised him while his single mother struggled with drug addiction. At the age of four, Mario proclaimed that he wanted to become a singer. In support of his dream, his mother bought him a karaoke machine. Mario joined a musical group in Milford Mill Academy with the oldest son of comedian Mo'Nique and best friend Jaye Brebnor and also his younger god sister Chea Tyler. Barrett learned to play the piano and used that skill as the basis for his melodies and songs. He was discovered at age eleven and signed by producer Troy Patterson, after singing "I'll Make Love to You" at a Coppin State College talent show. Mario attended Milford Mill Academy up until the tenth grade where he was inspired by his music teacher, during his early teen years, and was offered a record deal at the age of fourteen, signing with Clive Davis' J Records. His musical influences include Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, Sam Cooke, Nat King Cole, Brian McKnight, Boyz II Men, Michael Jackson, Usher, and Joe. His first introduction to the music industry was the Dr. Dolittle 2 movie soundtrack in 2001. He sang a cover of the Stevie Wonder song "You and I" at Clive's Grammy party in 2002, and began recording an album.

2001–2003: Mario
In July 2001, Mario began recording his major-label debut album, titled Mario, which was nearly a year before the official release in March 2002. The album's lead single "Just a Friend 2002", which was a cover of Biz Markie's song, was a success, peaking at number four on the Billboard Hot 100. Follow-up singles were "Braid My Hair" and "C'mon". He was the opening act on the Scream Tour 3, which featured headliners such as B2K, Marques Houston, Nick Cannon, Jhené Aiko and AJA. As of 2006, his debut album has sold over 700,000 copies. During this period, he became a draw in the teen market.

2004–2006: Turning Point
After his debut album was released, Mario wanted to record an album that was more mature. He enlisted a number of well-known producers to help him, such as Scott Storch and Lil' Jon. He released his second album, Turning Point on December 7, 2004. The album was more successful than his first, mainly because of the hit single "Let Me Love You". The single, described by reviewers as "melodic and sweetly lilting, reminiscent of Michael Jackson's vintage romantic ballads" was successful, peaking at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for nine consecutive weeks. The single was written by Ne-Yo. Other follow-up singles include "How Could You" co-written by J. Valentine, with a cameo appearance in the video by rapper Cassidy; "Here I Go Again" (whose video starred model/singer Cassie) and "Boom" featuring Juvenile. To date, Turning Point is certified platinum and the lead single double-platinum.

In February 2006, Mario filed a lawsuit against his former manager, Troy Patterson, alleging that Patterson had paid him $50,000 for the sale of more than 3 million records, which was later found to be false accusations. Mario was later sued by Patterson and lost. Mario's new manager is J. Erving, and he was chosen by Mario.

2007–2008: Go
Mario's third album Go is dedicated to his mom Shawntia Hardaway and was released in South Africa under Gallo Records on October 9, 2007, in the U.S. on December 11, 2007. The album includes collaborations with Jermaine Dupri, Ne-Yo, Janice Robinson, Scott Storch, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Timbaland and Bryan-Michael Cox. Mario had more creative control on Go than on his previous two albums. The first single from the album was "How Do I Breathe" which was released in May. The second single was "Crying Out for Me" after a poll on his website. The single was later certificated Gold by the RIAA. On December 13, 2007, Mario was on "106 & Park" where he stated that the third single off the album will be "Music for Love". The album was made available for the public to listen to on his Myspace page before its release. He released the song "Do Right" on December 11. Go has sold 331,540 copies in the U.S.

In an interview with DJ "Z", Mario stated that problems with the record label caused the album launch to be pushed back 6–8 months. In 2008, Mario competed on season six of Dancing With the Stars. He was partnered with Karina Smirnoff. They were eliminated in week eight of the competition.

2009–2010: D.N.A.
In a 2009 interview with Rap-Up, Mario said that "Soul Truth Entertainment" was his new entertainment company. Before the release of his third album Go, Mario confirmed in an interview with that he was working on a new album "by the time school starts back up, like after next summer" "But there's really even more than that, 'cause I'm gonna start recording, like, [at] the end of January". The album is involving a wide range of producers and songwriters such as Darkchild, Babyface, Polow da Don, RedOne, and CJ of Charlio Productions, Malay, Jazze Pha, Stargate, KP, Tricky Stewart and The-Dream. Mario said that he would like to work with no more than four producers for this album. Mario has described this album as world music, an old school R&B influenced with a modern dance pop sound. The album is being described as his "most personal, colossal album of his career."

In January 2009, Mario became the face of Pelle Pelle's European Spring/Summer campaign with various press shots running through the first part of the year. For his fourth album D.N.A., the lead single "Break Up" was released on April 28, 2009. The song features Sean "The Pen" Garrett and Gucci Mane. In the U.S., the song peaked at number 2 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Chart and 14 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Mario's most successful single in five years. The single has been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for a shipment of over 500,000 units. "Thinkin' About You", was released as the second single reaching number forty-five on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Chart. "Stranded" never labelled as the third single due to the limited airplay that it received. Lack of interest led to the single being cancelled, although in January 2010 the song entered on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs peaking at number 84. "Ooh Baby" was later confirmed to be the third single from the album, it peaked on the week of March 19, 2010 debuting on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 95. The album was made available for the public to listen to on his Myspace page before its release. The album debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200, selling 38,000 copies in its first week, becoming Mario's lowest-selling debut in the United States. So far, it has sold 93,385 copies in the U.S.

2011–2016: Cancelled albums and departure from RCA Records
Mario recorded an album with producer Rico Love from 2010 to mid-2011 under the tentative title Restoration. Songs from this album included "My Bed", "Killa", "Bermuda", "The Walls", "Recovery", "Falling Down" and "Computer Love". During Mario's appearance on BET's 106 & Park on July 10, 2013, Mario stated that he felt the album recorded with Rico Love did not feel part of his career plan and that he scrapped that album and went on to record his then titled album Evolve, which was set to be released in September 2013, but was delayed to 2014. For his fifth album, Mario stated the album will include "Love songs, ballads, club records and general R&B", and has said there will be no EDM songs on this album. Mario took writers Jeremiah "Sickpen" Bethea and Jimi Bonet under his wing amongst others to write for this album. Production on the album includes work by Glass John, Bam Alexander, Pollow da Don and possibly Ne-Yo.

In an interview with Vibe, Mario was asked what direction he was trying to go with on his fifth album; his answer was, "I wanna give as much honesty as I can. I want to be honest, but grab the attention of everybody, but still compete so when you hear it on the radio it's pushing the envelope. The melodies coming out of me now are unorthodox— melodies I've never expressed before". He also confirmed he has five tracks that are definitely going on. "These tracks are like movies, they are intense", he added. Nevertheless, the album will probably feature a song centered on his mother, written by himself. In August 2011, RCA Music Group announced it was disbanding J Records along with Arista Records and Jive Records. With the shutdown, Mario, and all other artists previously signed to these three labels, will release his future albums on the RCA Records label.

Through his official Twitter page, on May 17, 2013, Mario confirmed that he has been working with Polow Da Don, for the lead single "Somebody Else" featuring rapper Nicki Minaj was already recorded and released. The song was made available in the iTunes Store on May 21, 2013. He thanked Polow Da Don, Jeremiah Renaldo, Nicki Minaj and CJ Hilton for composing the song. He stated that his album would be released in September 2013 and may include guest appearances from Minaj, J. Cole and Sevyn Streeter. "Fatal Distraction" will be his next single. Mario announced during a USTREAM interview with Music Choice, his album will be released in October 2013 but was pushed back. The second single "Fatal Distraction" was released on September 10, 2013. After that, Mario parted ways with RCA Records due to creative differences.

In the summer of 2015, Mario announced that he was planning on releasing a new album, titled Never 2 Late, it was scheduled to be released on December 4, 2015, but this album release never materialized due to disagreements with management. It was to be supported by the single "Forever" featuring Rick Ross, produced by Scott Storch and Draydel which was only leaked online but never was released commercially. The album, which was completely produced by Storch, has been indefinitely shelved.

2016–present: New Citizen label, Dancing Shadows, Closer to Mars EP and upcoming sixth album
In May 2016, Mario premiered his new single, "I Need More" on Zane Lowe's Beats 1 show. He also announced that his fifth studio album would be now titled Paradise Cove, that is set to be released off of his newly founded independent label New Citizen. On December 13, 2016, he released the second single off the album, which is called "Let Me Help You".

In March 2017, in an interview with Music Choice, Mario revealed that his fifth album will be no longer called Paradise Cove and that the new album title is called Cosmo 17, stating "The new album title is Cosmo 17, and I love Paradise Cove too absolutely. I can't say that this album has an island vibe. I think "Let Me Help You" is the only record. The rest of the album developing it, it kinda took a life of its own. It's kinda like I was talkin to myself as a kid telling him like, love still exists like it's still real like you know you still believe in it don't give up, and if you can't find it here on earth maybe you gotta go to the cosmos to find it."

He has released a new single from Cosmos 17 "Pain is the New Pleasure" on June 16, 2017. In October, he collaborated with THRDL!FE and Kelli-Leigh on a new charity single called "For Love".

Mario spoke with the FunX radio station during the Oh My! Music Festival in June 2018, announcing that the album Cosmo 17 is now re-titled Dancing Shadows and will be released in the late fall with a new single called "Drowning": "We changed the name of it. Making an album is like giving birth to something. You go through different names and different vibes."

On July 20, 2018, Mario released "Drowning" and the accompanying music video. "This song is about being faced with the reality of having multiple women I love for different reasons," he said in a press statement.

On September 14, 2018, the title track of Mario's fifth album of the same name was released. On October 5, 2018, Dancing Shadows was finally released.

Mario released the single "Closer", on April 24, 2020; it appears on his EP Closer to Mars, which was released on October 16, 2020, while his upcoming sixth album is set to release sometime in 2021. "Mars" was released as the second single from the EP on October 2, 2020, alongside its music video. The third single "Pretty Mouth Magick" was released on October 16, 2020, alongside its music video.

Acting career
Mario starred as Miles Darby in Step Up, a dance-themed film released on August 11, 2006. He also appeared in Freedom Writers, which was released on January 5, 2007. Mario did not take acting classes before undertaking the role. Mario has stated that he would like to own his own film production company entitled "Inside Paris Productions" and become a director. On March 5, 2009, Mario said on Twitter that he had made an ABC network testing for a new pilot. As result, he made an announcement to The Electric Company on PBS, with the "Soft G". He starred in One on One as Spirit's date to the dance. In 2019, he portrayed the character "Benny" in the Emmy Award winning musical Rent: Live.

Knightwritaz
Formed in 2005, Knightwritaz is a production team of which Mario was part of. The team included Sterling Simms, Warren "Oak" Felder and Marsha of Floetry. Aside from producing songs for Mario's third album Go (2008), the team has written and produced songs for Jennifer Lopez, Chris Brown, Jordin Sparks, Usher and Raven-Symoné. Having seldom worked as a collective fivesome, Mario claimed to be more of the songwriter in the team by 2007. In 2009, he stated that he was no longer part of the group.

Do Right Foundation
Mario's Do Right Foundation was established in March 2008 to educate and inspire children who suffer from the drug addictions of their parents. In May, Mario published a notice on the Facebook page of the foundation, saying that he had been in a studio in Miami all night re-recording the song "Do Right" from his 2007 album Go.

New Citizen LLC
Since 2016, Mario founded his independent record label New Citizen LLC, and has signed a partnership deal with EMPIRE for distribution. In 2020, Mario partnered with The Orchard to distribute future music releases after he parted ways from EMPIRE.

Personal life
MTV aired a special on October 21, 2007, I Won't Love You to Death: The Story of Mario and His Mom, which dealt with his mother's heroin addiction. The documentary is about how the singer strives for help to stop his mother's addiction. While doing this, he seeks help from family and friends. Mario wrote a letter to his mother stating how appreciative he is and begs her to stop her addiction. At the end of the letter he says, "I love you, but I won't love you to death". On the documentary, produced by Gigantic! Productions, he won the 2008's Prism Award for its accurate portrayal of drug abuse. Mario has written a song titled "Do Right" that is dedicated to his mother. This song explains his mother's addiction and how it affected his childhood. The song is featured on his third album Go.

In 2009, Mario endorsed PETA in the campaign against killing animals entitled "Ink, Not Mink". He tells: "Be comfortable in your own skin, and let animals keep theirs". Mario has homes in Baltimore, Atlanta and Los Angeles.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Mario (2002)
 * Turning Point (2004)
 * Go (2007)
 * D.N.A. (2009)
 * Dancing Shadows (2018)

title: Mario (singer)


text:
Talk:Agar plate

Untitled
The agar solution doesn't necessarily need to be boiled to dissolve (as a first step); as long as it is thoroughly mixed, the autoclave's heat and boiling of the water during sterilization will cause it to go into solution. Tygar 07:13, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)

Suggested move to wikibooks
I disagree that this article should be moved to wikibooks as per the recently added tag. It may well be that the article can be improved and made more encyclopaedic and that some of the "how to" might belong elsewhere, but as a frequent user of wikipedia, I was searching for this infomation here and expected to find it on wikipedia--User:AYArktos | Talk 01:42, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

i think that this is very interesting. by Nora and sofia

Question about incubation times
How long are the plates usually incubated for? I assume it depends on the experiment. --User:AYArktos | Talk 01:50, 20 September 2005 (UTC)
 * In my limited experience - a few days. Theresa Knott (a tenth stroke) 02:13, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

 * From distant memory, when looking for most human pathogens, plates are incubated for two days in total, although many are looked at after one day, before being reincubated.

 * For slower growing pathogens (e.g Campylobacter, Bordetella), plates are sometimes incubated for longer. But for commoner Staphs, Streps, candida, respiratory bugs, gram negative bacilli, etc., two days is sufficient. Every lab will have their own protocols however. Tristanb 23:41, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Sometimes 24hrs is acceptable however suspect TB plates can be incubated for months!! User:Miles —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.3.145.123 (talk) 22:29, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

Streaking
At the top of the page, only streaking is mentioned. What about spread plates and pour plates? This is an agar plate page, and I think the streaking references do not belong, or if they do, should be complemented in a separate section by the other methods I mentioned. Icedemon (talk) 17:34, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

I have improved this because indeed, there was not a lot of information given. Garnhami (talk) 19:34, 30 April 2017 (UTC)

Incorrect use of the plural
"A... media" appears several times throughout this article (e.g. "A selective and differential media..."). "Media" is the plural of "medium". Each instance should be corrected to "a... medium". 71.96.70.9 (talk) 20:17, 8 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree. Feel free to make the correction — it's quite easy. Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 07:17, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

Not an agar plate after microorganisms have been added?
"An agar plate is a sterile Petri dish that contains a growth medium (typically agar plus nutrients) used to culture microorganisms or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens."

"... a sterile Petri dish ..." suggests that agar plates are not agar plates after microorganisms have been added. Is this true? Raptortech97 (talk) 21:33, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

 * No, people still call them "agar plates" when there are things growing on them. I've removed sterile to clarify.  Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 05:01, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

Casein nutrient agar
Having edited the See also section, to include a link to the previously orphaned Casein nutrient agar article, and grouped it with two other entries for recipes of agar that had already been in the list, I now see there is a template for { { Growth media } } (which, of course does not list Casein nutrient agar, hence it previously having been an orphan article). I think I had better leave all this to an editor more expert than I to sort out :-) TheAMmollusc (talk) 07:38, 30 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Agar plate


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Warren Tallman

Warren Tallman (17 November 1921 – 1 July 1994) was an American-born poetry professor who influenced the Vancouver Tish poets.

History
Born in Seattle, Tallman was raised in Tumwater, Washington. He attended the University of California, Berkeley on the G.I. Bill, writing dissertations on Henry James and Joseph Conrad. There he met Ellen King; they married in 1951.

In 1956, Tallman and his wife accepted teaching jobs in the English department at the University of British Columbia, helped Earle Birney and Roy Daniells to organize the creative writing department. In 1963, they hosted a poetry conference attended by Denise Levertov, Charles Olson, Allen Ginsberg, Robert Duncan, Margaret Avison, Robert Creeley, and Philip Whalen. The Tallman home itself also served as a poetry enclave of sorts. It was in the Tallman home that Jack Spicer gave some of his lectures. Two years later, they held another poetry conference in Berkeley, California.

Tallman was sometimes criticized for turning the Vancouver poetry circle into a California branch plant. Tallman embraced the Black Mountain school approach to poetry, but also showed the influence of the Beats, the New American Poets and the Language Poets. Among the Canadian poets he is said to have influenced are George Bowering, Lionel Kearns, Frank Davey, Jamie Reid, Fred Wah, bill bissett, Stan Persky and Howard White.

Selected bibliography

 * The Poetics of the New American Poetry New York: Grove, 1973. ISBN 0-394-17801-7 (edited with Donald Allen)
 * Godawful Streets of Man Toronto: Coach House, 1978.
 * In the Midst Vancouver: Talonbooks, 1992.

title: Warren Tallman


text:
Anke Late Night

Anke Late Night was a German late night talk show hosted by Anke Engelke and produced by Brainpool.

The show first aired on 17 May 2004 on Sat.1, in the same timeslot as Die Harald Schmidt Show. The stage band for the show was the "Electric Ladyband" led by Claus Fischer, who was previously the bassist for the TV total band. To generate publicity before the show's premiere, a €10,000 bet was arranged between Rudi Carrell and Olli Dittrich. Carrell bet that the show would bomb, a bet which he later took back.

The show was not able to fulfill the expectation of many viewers and the ratings for it dropped significantly in the first week. It had been announced in advance that people relating to daily news themes would be invited on a regular basis, but the show could not fulfill this promise.

From 5 to 30 August 2004, there was an interruption of the broadcasting of the show, contrary to announcements made in advance. The show was soon cancelled on 21 October 2004, due to low viewer ratings.

title: Anke Late Night


text:
Gomphrenoideae

The Gomphrenoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae.

The stamens have anthers with only one lobe (locule) and two pollen sacs. Many species show C4-photosynthesis pathway.

The center of diversity lies in Central America, Mexico and the dry forests and thorn bush savannas of South America.

Systematics
The subfamily Gomphrenoideae was first published in 1893 by Hans Schinz (in: Engler und Prantl (Eds.): Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien vol. 3, 1a, p. 97).

According to phylogenetic research by Sanchez Del-Pino (2009), the subfamily Gomphrenoideae Schinz is regarded as a monophyletic taxon with 19 genera and about 300-400 species. The traditional classification with two tribes (Gomphreneae and Pseudoplantageae) does not reflect the phylogenetic relationship in this group. Three clades can be recognized.:

Iresinoids
This is the sister clade of the two other clades.
 * Irenella Suess., with only one species:
 * Irenella chrysotricha Suess., in rain forests of Ecuador. Phylogenetically, it falls within Iresine.
 * Iresine P.Browne (Syn.: Dicraurus Hook. f.): with about 45 species in North and South America.
 * Woehleria Griseb.: with only one species
 * Woehleria serpyllifolia Griseb., on mountain coasts of Cuba. Phylogenetically, it falls within Iresine.

Alternantheroids
carbon fixation evolved independently in the genera Alternathera, which also contains and – intermediate species, and Tidestromia.
 * Alternanthera Forssk. (Syn.: Brandesia Mart.): with about 100-200 species, mainly in America, also in Africa and Australia.
 * Pedersenia Holub: with about 10 species in tropical America.
 * Tidestromia Standl.: with about 6 species in deserts of southern North America.

Gomphrenoids
One large clade within this group, containing the genera Froelichia, Guilleminea, Blutaparon, some Gomphrena species, and probably Gossypianthus and Lithophila, has acquired the carbon fixation pathway. Some of these species occur at unusually high altitudes in the Andes, in cooler conditions than their  relatives.
 * Blutaparon Raf. (Syn.: Philoxerus R.Br.): with about 5 species at shores of North and Middle America, West Africa, Micronesia and Japan, for example:
 * Blutaparon rigidum
 * Froelichia Moench: with about 12 species in America.
 * Froelichiella R.E.Fr., with only one species:
 * Froelichiella grisea R.E.Fr. in Brasília.
 * Gomphrena L. (Syn.: Bragantia Vand.): with about 90 species in America and about 30 species in Australia. This genus is polyphyletic, so taxonomical changes have to be expected.
 * Gomphrena pulchella
 * Gomphrena decumbens
 * Gomphrena globosa
 * Gossypianthus Hook.: with 2 species in southern North America.
 * Guilleminea Kunth (Syn.: Brayulinea Small)
 * Hebanthe Mart.: with about 7 species in tropical America.
 * Hebanthodes Pedersen, with only one species:
 * Hebanthodes peruviana Pedersen in Peru.
 * Lithophila Sw., with 2 species on Galapagos and the Caribic
 * Pfaffia Mart.: with about 35 species in tropical America.
 * Pseudogomphrena R.E.Fr.,with only one species:
 * Pseudogomphrena scandens R.E.Fr. in Brasília.
 * Pseudoplantago Suess.: with one species in Venezuela and one in Argentina.
 * Quaternella Pedersen: with 3 species in Brasília.
 * Xerosiphon Turcz.: with about 2 species in Brasília.

title: Gomphrenoideae


text:
Mucky Foot Productions

Mucky Foot Productions Limited was a British video game developer, which existed from 1997 to 2003.

History
The company was founded in 1997 in Guildford, United Kingdom by three ex-Bullfrog developers: Mike Diskett, Fin McGechie and Guy Simmons. They intended to avoid the expansion and corporate atmosphere that had taken over at Bullfrog. Another ex-Bullfrog stalwart, Gary Carr, joined as the fourth director shortly afterwards.

A worldwide publishing deal with the UK publisher Eidos was announced in October 1997. That announcement was also used to announce Mucky Foot's first game Urban Chaos. At this point the game was referred to by its earlier work in progress name of Dark City.

Over their lifetime Mucky Foot went on to release two more titles: Startopia and Blade II.

Despite high initial expectations, the company closed its doors in late 2003. This company closure saw six further games cease development while still only part produced like Bulletproof Monk, The Punisher, and Urban Chaos 2.

In May 2017 Mucky Foot's Mike Diskett released the source code of Urban Chaos under the MIT license on GitHub.

title: Mucky Foot Productions


text:
Won Buddhism

Won Buddhism is a modern Buddhist religion originating in Korea. The name "Won Buddhism" comes from the Korean words 원/圓 won ("circle") and 불교/佛敎 bulgyo ("Buddhism"), literally meaning "Round Buddhism" or interpreted as "Consummate Buddhism." It can be regarded as either a syncretic new religious movement or a reformed Buddhism. The stated goals of Won Buddhism are for people to realize their own innate buddha nature and to save all sentient beings by serving others. Emphasis is on interaction with daily life, not “stilling the impulses,” but rather acting in accord with “appropriate desires.” Won Buddhism's Founder, Sotaesan (Bak Jungbin, 1891–1943) believed that overemphasis on the material world in relation to the spiritual world would create undue suffering;  his Founding Motto was, “With this Great Opening of matter, let there be a Great Opening of spirit.”

Background
Korea does not have a single dominant religion. Buddhism was introduced to the Korean peninsula in the 4th century CE. During the Joseon dynasty (1392–1910), Confucianism became the predominant belief system and Buddhism was repressed. Christianity, initially Catholicism and later Protestantism, was introduced in the late 19th century. Under Japanese occupation (1910–1945), Japanese-oriented Buddhism became prominent in part to counter Christianity's influence. Concurrently during the late 19th/early 20th centuries, new movements arose in Korean Buddhism to reform its traditional elements or form a “new Buddhism,” e.g., Won Buddhism.

Founding of Won Buddhism
Sotaesan, born Bak Jungbin (, 1891–1943), grew up in a poor village in the southwest corner of the Korean peninsula. His only formal education was two years of local primary schooling, in the Confucian tradition.

According to Won Buddhism tradition, he began asking questions about universal phenomena at age 7 and expanded his inquiries to problems of life and death and existence. He began his quest by praying to mountain spirits for four years, following this with equally unsuccessful questioning of those considered enlightened teachers. Finally, he spent several years in deep observation and contemplation, often in harsh physical conditions. By the age of 25, he was viewed as a lost soul by his fellow villagers. On April 28, 1916, he claimed to have experienced enlightenment and entered a state of nirvana. Won Buddhists annually celebrate this date as Great Enlightenment Day.

Sotaesan did not set out specifically to embrace Buddhism. Rather, after his enlightenment he examined various religions. Although his thought contained Confucian and Taoist elements, after reading the Diamond Sutra he found himself predisposed to Buddhism.

He then attracted a small group of followers and selected nine disciples. Early guiding principles included diligence, frugality, elimination of formal rituals and superstition, and abstinence from alcohol and smoking Major elements, still central today, are the lack of a wide distinction between laity and the priesthood, equality of men and women, modernizing practice and doctrine, and concern about the swift rise in material development. Early on, Sotaesan sought to improve the daily lives of his followers by establishing a thrift and savings institution and embarking on an arduous, year-long levee-building project to reclaim 25 acres of land from the sea for rice cultivation.

In August 1919, the nine disciples pledged to follow the new movement even at the cost of their lives. In an event commemorated today as "The Miracle of the Blood Seal," thumbprints placed on a sheet of paper recording their pledge were seen to turn red.

Sotaesan named his community Bulbeop Yeongu Hoe (Society for the Study of the Buddha-dharma) in 1924. It remained a small rural order based in Iksan, North Jeolla Province, until the Japanese occupation ended in 1945. Sotaesan's successor, Jeongsan (Song Gyu) renamed it Wonbulgyo (Won Buddhism) in 1947.

Since the end of Japanese occupation in 1945, Won Buddhism has grown markedly. The precise number of Won Buddhist practitioners worldwide is unclear. In South Korea's 2005 census, approximately 130,000 people identified themselves as members. However, this may be an underrepresentation, since people could also identify themselves on the census as “Buddhists.” Won Buddhist Headquarters estimates the number to be over 1 million worldwide. Currently, there are approximately 500 Won Buddhist temples in Korea and over 70 temples and centers in 23 countries.

Doctrine
An early treatise was written by Sotaesan and published in 1935, the Treatise on the Renovation of Korean Buddhism (, then expanded into The Correct Canon of Buddhism (Bulgyo Jeongjeon in 1943, just before his death. His successor, Cheongsan, published the new canon in 1962, The Scriptures of Won Buddhism (Wonbulgyo Gyojeon). All were written in Korean to be accessible to as many people as possible.

The Scriptures now also include the Dharma Discourses by the Second Head Dharma Master Cheongsan and eight traditional Mahayana works, e.g., the Diamond Sutra and Secrets on Cultivating the Mind by the Korean monk and scholar Jinul (1158–1210).

Prominent in every Won Buddhist temple is a large round circle above the altar. This is Il Won Sang, the “One Circle Image.”

In the words of Won Buddhism's fourth Head Dharma Master, “The reason the Buddha is respected and venerated is not his physical body. The reason is his enlightened mind." Il Won Sang is considered the symbol of the essence of the Buddha's mind, the Dharmakaya Buddha, representing
 * The original source of all beings in the universe
 * The mind-seal of all buddhas and sages
 * The original nature of all sentient beings

Won Buddhist teachings are summed up in a Doctrinal Chart printed at the front of The Scriptures of Won Buddhism:

Four Principles comprising the doctrine are:
 * Awareness of Grace and Requital of Grace
 * Right Enlightenment and Right Practice
 * Selfless Service to the Public
 * Practical Application of the Buddha-dharma

Down the center of the chart is an explanation of Il Won Sang and Master Sotaesan's Transmission Verse: “Being into nonbeing and nonbeing into being, Turning and turning – in the ultimate, Being and nonbeing are both void, Yet this void is complete.”

To the left and the right are two “Gateways” representing the paths of worship and practice, the Gateway of Faith, Based on Retribution and Response of Cause and Effect, and the Gateway of Practice, Based on True Void and Marvelous Existence.

The Gateway of Faith includes:

The Fourfold Grace: Won Buddhists express gratitude to the Fourfold Grace, or Four Beneficences defining what one cannot live without. These also reflect Confucian values in Won doctrine.

 * Grace of Heaven-and-Earth
 * Grace of Parents
 * Grace of Fellow Beings
 * Grace of Laws

Underlying the expression of gratitude for the Fourfold Grace lies engagement with as opposed to detachment from the world.

The Four Essentials: The second element of The Gateway of Faith consists of:

 * Developing Self Power for fulfilling personal duties and responsibilities
 * The Primacy of the Wise – Seeking teachers whose moral conduct, governance of human affairs, knowledge and scholarship, and common sense are superior to one's own
 * Educating Others' Children, regardless of gender, class, or wealth, for the sake of advancing world civilization
 * Venerating the Public Spirited – In keeping with the primary goal of serving others, actively engaging in public service

Requiting Grace is a Buddha Offering

 * Everywhere a Buddha Image – All things in the universe are considered a transformation of the spirit of the Dharmakaya Buddha
 * Every Act a Buddha Offering – Therefore, every act is the dharma (truth, reality) of buddha offerings

The Gateway of Practice includes:

The Threefold Study is taught the means of cultivating unity with ones's original nature, Il Won Sang
 * Cultivating the Spirit – Right mindfulness and right meditation
 * Inquiry into Human Affairs and Universal Principles – Right views and right thoughts, including preparation for clarity and ready judgment in everyday life
 * Choice in Action – Right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort

The Eight Articles
 * The Threefold Study requires: Belief, Zeal, Questioning, Dedication; removal of Unbelief, Greed, Laziness, and Foolishness

Unremitting Seon in Action and Rest (Seon 선, 禪)

 * Timeless Seon, Placeless Seon – “When the six sense organs are free from activity, distracted thoughts and nurture the one mind." This ability is gained through meditation, with the goal of living in such a way as to see the Buddha in all things.

New religion
There is disagreement among scholars whether Won Buddhism is a new religion or a reformation of mainstream Buddhist tradition. Even Won Buddhists describe their tradition both ways.

Characteristics shared with mainstream Mahayana Buddhist tradition include:
 * Belief in karma and rebirth
 * Belief in salvation through enlightenment to the truth that the world's problems are caused by and can be solved by our own minds
 * Meditation practice, including core Seon teachings but not as central as in many traditional Buddhist practices
 * The goal of saving all sentient beings from suffering

Characteristics distinguishing Won Buddhism include:
 * Emphasis on doing beneficial work for others as well progressing internally through practice
 * No claim by the Founding Master of Buddhist training or direct transmission of teachings
 * Key concepts from non-Buddhist Korean traditions
 * The core teaching that spiritual transformation should parallel developments in the material world
 * The symbol of Il Won Sang (One Circle Image) vs. images of the Buddha (see also: Aniconism in Buddhism)
 * A universalist message that all religions are essentially one

Current practice
Won Buddhist clerics—women and men—are called gyomunim (literally “someone devoted to the teaching”). Unlike traditional Buddhist monks, they do not shave their heads. The Prime Dharma Master is elected by the Supreme Dharma Council, consisting of senior and lay ministers who also are elected.

Gender equality is both a core doctrine and an organizing principle. Female gyomumin have the same status as their male counterparts. Women as well as men may be elected “masters” and sit on the Supreme Dharma Council, Won Buddhism's highest decision-making body.

In past years, a culture developed in which female gyomunim remained celibate and dressed in traditional clothing while celibacy remained optional for male gyomunim, who could also wear contemporary dress. These differences were controversial. Female gyomunims have now adopted both traditional and modern clothing, and in 2019 the Supreme Dharma Council passed a resolution ensuring equal marriage access for all ministers.

The Won Buddhist order has formed schools and social welfare centers in Korea and medical missions to other parts of the world. Supporting education is held especially important for the goal of increasing people's independent self-reliance. Sotaesan taught that “all religions are of one household although they have different names in accordance with the different times and districts of their foundation” and the importance of interfaith dialogue has been maintained by Head Dharma Masters since.

Temples offer weekly services, typically on Sundays. These can include meditation, hymns and chanting, and a dharma talk, similar to a sermon.

title: Won Buddhism


text:
Boys Life (film)

Boys Life is a compilation of three 30-minute short subject films about being gay in America.

 * Pool Days (1993, directed by Brian Sloan; starring Josh Philip Weinstein and Nick Kokotakis): a high school student in finds excitement in his health club job.
 * A Friend of Dorothy (1994; directed by Raoul O'Connell; starring Raoul O'Connell and Kevin McClatchy): a college freshman hopes his handsome roommate is also gay.
 * The Disco Years (1991; directed by Robert Lee King; starring Matt Nolan and Russell Scott Lewis): Tom is crushed when the tennis player with whom he had a fling leaves him for a girl and joins an openly homophobic crowd.

Boys Life 5
Boys Life 5 is the fifth installment of the Boys Life series, which collects LGBT-related short films. Distributed by Strand Releasing. It is an anthology of short films about unrequited love. Director Eytan Fox returned to similar subject matter in his full-length Yossi & Jagger (2002); filmmaker Michael Burke expanded "Fishbelly White" into the full-length film The Mudge Boy (2003); and Adam Salky (director) (along with original writer David Brind) expanded and remade Dare into a full-length feature film, also entitled Dare (2009).

Boys Life 5 consists of the following segments:

"Fishbelly White" chronicles the rural isolation of childlike Duncan (Mickey Smith), who's been lonely since his mother's death. Because his care-worn father ignores him, Duncan befriends the farm animals and adopts a chicken as his pet. Abused by his own father, an older adolescent named Perry (Jason Hayes) takes a shine to the outcast. Proclaiming they aren't gay, Duncan and Perry suppress a mutual attraction that would outrage Perry's macho friends. Directed by Michael Burke.
 * Fishbelly White

"Late Summer" deals with the sort of unspecified childhood crush that both gays and straights have experienced. After his parents die in a car crash, Adam goes to live with an aunt and uncle; Adam's popular cousin Josh (Chris Nee) takes him under his wing. Responding to this all-American teen's guidance, the sheltered Adam learns how to skateboard and use a still-camera. Frozen in time, one picture celebrates how Josh lives on in his younger cousin's heart. Directed by David Ottenhouse.
 * Late Summer (2001; Director/Writer: David Ottenhouse)

"Time Off" offers viewers a tour of duty with Israeli soldiers during the First Lebanon War, in 1982. In a bivouac, sensitive Yonatan (Hanoch Re'im) wonders why gung-ho Lieutenant Erez (Gil Frank) picks on him. On leave in the city, Yonatan discovers the answer, when he wanders into a known gay pick-up spot. Directed by Eytan Fox.
 * Time Off

In "Dare," Ben (Adam Fleming), a teenage techie, shines a spotlight on Johnny (Michael Cassidy), a jock stumbling through the lead in the school play. Keeping his adoration a secret, the backstage crewmember offers to run lines with the athlete. At Johnny's house, Ben drinks and jokes provocatively with his crush. After some good-natured teasing, the two teens take a dip in the pool. An exchange of confidences weaves a spell broken by the intrusion of classmates.
 * Dare (2005; Director/Writer: Adam Salky/David Brind)

Boys Life 6
Boys Life 6 is the sixth installment of the Boys Life series, which collects LGBT-related short films. Distributed by Strand Releasing, Boys Life 6 consists of the following segments:

 * Bugcrush
 * Doorman
 * Davy & Stu
 * Heartland

title: Boys Life (film)


text: Category:English botanists

title: Category:English botanists