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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Carl Meredith Allen

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS. I'll redirect it. dbenbenn | talk 15:31, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Carl Meredith Allen
Poorly written and uninformative. Is this the type of material we want housed on Wikipedia? Is this best kept, deleted, or redirected? GRider\talk 18:56, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Uninformative article about a small-time crank who may or may not actually exist. --Carnildo 20:52, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless somethign of significance can be added. Agree with Carnildo. -R. fiend 21:17, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Jayjg (talk) 21:55, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Philadelphia Experiment. --Viriditas | Talk 04:46, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Philadelphia Experiment. Megan1967 07:56, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Save. I'm the primary author for the Philadelphia Experiment article, and I have more information on Carl M. Allen which I could use to expand the article to about three paragraphs or so, including place of birth, family history, and such.  If I added this - which I can do this week - would that be enough to save it? - Scooter 20:52, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Is he notable for anything other than originating the Philadelphia Experiment? --Carnildo 01:33, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Eshtemoa

Eshtemoa, meaning obedience or "'place where prayer is heard", was an ancient city in the Judaean Mountains, mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible. It is also the name of two people mentioned in the First Book of Chronicles.

Eshtemoa, Judah
Eshtemoa was an ancient city in the Judaean Mountains, mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible. According to the Book of Joshua, It was a Levitical city belonging to the Tribe of Judah, which was allotted, with the common land round it, to the priests (Joshua 15:50, 21:14). It is later mentioned in the 1 Samuel as one of the cities that received spoils following king David's victory over the Amalekites at Ziklag. It was one of the places frequented by King David as a fugitive (1 Samuel 30: 26-28).

In the 4th-century CE, Eshtemoa was described by Eusebius in his Onomasticon as a large Jewish village. The Jerusalem Talmud mentions Eshtemoa as the place of residence of an amora (scholar) who dwelt in the town during the 4th century by the name of Hasa of Eshtemoa.

Eshtemoa is identified with as-Samu, a village about 3½ miles east of Socoh, and about 9 miles south of Hebron, around which there are ancient remains of the ruined city.

Findings
In 1934, the remains of an ancient Jewish synagogue, now known as the Eshtemoa synagogue, were unearthed at as-Samu'. The synagogue is dated to around the 4th–5th century CE. Four seven-branched menorahs were discovered carved onto door lintels and one of them is displayed in Jerusalem's Rockefeller Museum. In 1971, five pottery jars dated to the 9th-8th centuries BCE were found in as-Samu', bearing inscriptions written in the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet. These jars contained one of the largest silver hoards ever found in Israel and the Palestinian Territories.

People
Eshtemoa is mentioned twice in the Hebrew Bible as a name of a person:
 * A son of Ishbah or maybe a town inhabited by Ishbah's descendants.
 * A descendant of Bithiah princess of Egypt and Mered

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Eshtemoa


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Time for Timer

Time for Timer is a series of seven short public service announcements broadcast on Saturday mornings on the ABC television network starting in 1975. The animated spots feature Timer, a tiny cartoon character who is an anthropomorphic circadian rhythm, the self-proclaimed "keeper of body time." The series was produced by the cartoon studio DePatie-Freleng Enterprises.

Timer first appears in the 1973 ABC Afterschool Special "The Incredible, Indelible, Magical, Physical Mystery Trip", where he was voiced by Len Maxwell. In this special, he works inside the body of a man named Uncle Carl.

Timer also appears in the 1974 ABC Afterschool Special "The Magical Mystery Trip Through Little Red's Head", working inside a teenaged Red Riding Hood. In this special, and in all future appearances, Timer's voice was provided by actor Lennie Weinrib.

Time for Timer ran until 1992 concurrently with ABC's other educational spots, primarily The Bod Squad and Schoolhouse Rock! They generally appeared during cartoon programs at the end of commercial breaks. The shorts included a Consultant credit for Dr. Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater, UCLA School of Public Health.

Episodes

 * "I Hanker Fer a Hunk O Cheese" - Timer, recast as a cowboy with a thick Western accent, suggests "wagon wheels", sandwiches made with cheese slices and crackers, as an easy and nutritious snack. When Timer prepares one on a kitchen counter, he rolls it down the counter on its edge and exclaims, "Look! A wagon wheel!"
 * "Take Care of Yourself" - Timer shows how to brush teeth to protect them from cavities.
 * "You Are What You Eat" - Roving reporter Timer is at the digestive system to provide a simplified explanation of nutrients and how the body uses them.
 * "Have A Carrot" - Timer, channeling W. C. Fields, assembles some nutritious in-between meal snacks like carrot sticks for a boy. At the end of the short, Timer literally changes the boy into a banana as a gag.
 * "Eat Some Kind of Breakfast" - Timer shows that if people don't have time for breakfast, their stomach will be empty and angry; leftovers and other premade foods for breakfast is better than none at all.
 * "Sunshine on a Stick" - Timer suggests making ice pops with fruit juice, an ice tray, and toothpicks.
 * "Don't Knock It Till You Try" - Timer suggests trying new foods by eating a smorgasbord of smidgens of different foods.

title: Time for Timer


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Cave digging

Cave digging is the practice of enlarging openings of undiscovered caves to allow entry. Cave digging usually begins with a survey of mountains and valleys in karst topography searching for new caves, with the goal of creating accessible entrances. Whether outside an inaccessible cave or inside an already accessible cave, when spaces are evident on the other side of blocked passages, many strategies can be used to widen entrances from rearranging rocks to using explosives.

The area around digs may be unstable and often need to be shored up with scaffolding or concrete to prevent re-collapse. It can be a dangerous activity.

Geological cave indicators
Most of the obvious caves in countries with a well-established caving community have already been discovered and explored, so cavers must search for new caves. This is most commonly accomplished by scouring the countryside in areas with cave potential for previously undiscovered openings to the underground. These may be found in sinkholes, in rock outcrops or anywhere the ground is underlain by limestone or other soluble rock. Areas underlain by lava flows or where lava tubes are found may also contain new caves.

If the discovered feature is significantly draughting air either in or out, it is an encouraging indication that there is potential for a large or extensive cave beyond.

Technique
On occasion, a newly discovered opening will be large enough for the average person to enter, but often they are too small and must be enlarged to allow entry. When the entrance is too small, it is enlarged using cave digging techniques.

Sometimes digging simply involves moving a few rocks and some soil. This can be accomplished with the bare hands or may involve the use of folding army shovels, root-pruning saws, hammer and chisels, buckets to move the material, and rope to haul the buckets if the opening is being enlarged in a downward direction. Large tamping tools and crowbars are also useful in dislodging the rocks and soil as the digging progresses.

Sometimes, the use of equipment and brute force is not enough to gain entry into the cave. In cases such as these, serious diggers resort to more intensive means of opening the cave. Many "digs" become large group projects, involving backhoes, timber shoring, and even the use of large diameter well drilling methods.

Where the main impediment is solid rock, entry may involve the practice of rock shaving. This method consists of drilling holes in the rock, filling them with a small amount of gunpowder, and then igniting it to fragment the rock in thin layers. A similar technique, called plug and feather, involves driving wedges into lines of small diameter holes that have been drilled in the rock. As the wedges are driven into the holes, a crack forms along the line of holes and the rock is eventually broken. A more recently developed technique is known as "capping", where a hole is drilled into the rock using a battery-powered drill, a small charge (commonly designed for use with a nail gun) is inserted, and tapped with a long steel rod in order to cleave off pieces of rock. An environmental and safety assessment should be conducted before blasting to ensure minimal impact to the cave environment.

Impact
Cave digging can damage the cave by exposing it to the outside world or through the force needed to enter. This can harm the ecology within the cave. Careless cave digging can also lead to destruction or irresponsible removal of items with archeological significance.

title: Cave digging


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Joan Weber

Joan Weber (December 12, 1935 – May 13, 1981) was an American popular music singer.

Early years
Weber was raised in Paulsboro, New Jersey, and married to George Verfaillie, a young bandleader. She was pregnant in 1954 when she was introduced to Eddie Joy, a manager, who in turn introduced her to Charles Randolph Grean, an A&R worker for RCA and Dot Records in New York.

Career
Grean gave a demo of Weber singing "Marionette" to Mitch Miller, the head of artists and repertoire at Columbia Records. Miller took "Let Me Go, Devil" and had it rewritten by Jenny Lou Carson and Al Hill as "Let Me Go, Lover!" for Weber, who recorded it on the Columbia label (with "Marionette" as the B-side). The song was performed on the television show, Studio One and caught the public's fancy, reaching #1 in the United States and #16 in the United Kingdom in 1955. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. "Let Me Go, Lover!" ascended to #1 on the Billboard Most Played by Jockeys chart on January 1, 1955, the date that the rock and roll era began, according to music historians such as Joel Whitburn. A few weeks after the Studio One broadcast, Weber began performing at the Copacabana in New York City without being prepared for such a venue. "I was caught without an act," she said.

At the time of the song's biggest success, however, Weber gave birth to a daughter, Terry Lynn, and was unable to promote her career. Weber's next single, "Lover Lover (Why Must We Part)" (b/w "Tell the Lord", Columbia 40474), released later in 1954, failed to dent the record charts. Mitch Miller, in a 2004 interview for the Archive of American Television, recalled that Weber's husband assumed total control of the singer's activities, thus depriving Weber of experienced career guidance. After three more non-hits, "Call Me Careless", "Goodbye Lollipops, Hello Lipstick" and the appropriately-titled "Gone", Weber was dropped from Columbia's roster.

In 1957, Weber resumed singing in nightclubs. With sleek dresses, blonde hair, and a focus on ballads, she performed in Dallas, Houston, New Orleans, Ottawa, and Washington.

Later years
During her final years, she lived a reclusive life before moving to a mental institution. Columbia Records' efforts to send her royalty checks failed, as they were returned to sender as "address unknown". For this reason, chart program American Top 40 ranked Weber at number one on a special program featuring the "Top 40 Disappearing Acts", which was broadcast in 1975.

Death
On May 13, 1981, Weber died of heart failure at a mental institution in Ancora, Winslow Township, Camden County, New Jersey, aged 45. Her death was overshadowed by the first attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II on the same date.

Hit record

 * "Let Me Go, Lover!" (1955)

title: Joan Weber


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Space Mirror Memorial

The Space Mirror Memorial, which forms part of the larger Astronauts Memorial, is a National Memorial on the grounds of the John F. Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex on Merritt Island, Florida. It is maintained by the Astronauts Memorial Foundation (AMF), whose offices are located in the NASA Center for Space Education next door to the Visitor Complex. The memorial was designed in 1987 by Holt Hinshaw Pfau Jones, and dedicated on May 9, 1991, to remember the lives of the men and women who have died in the various space programs of the United States, particularly those of NASA. The Astronauts Memorial has been designated by the U.S. Congress "as the national memorial to astronauts who die in the line of duty" (Joint Resolution 214, 1991).

In addition to 20 NASA career astronauts, the memorial includes the names of a U.S. Air Force X-15 test pilot, a U.S. Air Force officer who died while training for a then-classified military space program, a civilian spaceflight participant who died in the Challenger disaster, and an Israeli astronaut who was killed in the Columbia disaster.

In July 2019, the AMF unanimously voted to include private astronauts on the memorial, recognizing the important contributions made to the American space program by private spaceflight crew members. The first private astronaut to be added to the wall was Scaled Composites pilot Michael T. Alsbury, who died in the crash of SpaceShipTwo VSS Enterprise on October 31, 2014. His name was added to the memorial on January 25, 2020.

Memorial elements
The primary feature of the memorial is the Space Mirror, a flat expanse of polished black granite, 42.5 feet high by 50 feet wide (42.5 x), divided into 90 smaller panels. The names of the 25 astronauts who have died are scattered over the mirror, with names of astronauts who died in the same incident grouped on the same panel, or pairs of adjacent panels. The names are cut completely through the surface, exposing a translucent backing, and filled with translucent acrylic, which is then backlit with LED lights, causing the names to glow, and appear to float in a reflection of the sky.

Near the Space Mirror is a granite wall, bearing pictures and brief biographies of those listed on the Mirror. The Space Mirror Memorial was designed by Wes Jones of Holt Hinshaw Pfau Jones and was commissioned after he won an international design competition.

Defunct Sun tracking mechanism
The memorial as built incorporated motors and jackscrews to constantly track the Sun across the sky in both pan and tilt axes. Parabolic reflectors on the back side of the mirror would then direct the sunlight through the acrylic panels to brilliantly illuminate the honorees' names with sunlight. Supplemental floodlights were used when the sunlight was inadequate.

In 1997, the tracking system failed, allowing part of the monument to strike a steel beam on an adjacent platform. Insurance paid $375,000 for repair work, but later, the mechanism again ground to a halt, due to further problems with the slewing ring.

Estimated cost of repairs was around $700,000, and the Astronauts Memorial Foundation unanimously decided the money would be better spent on educational programs instead. The floodlights were repositioned and are kept burning 24 hours a day to illuminate the memorial.

Memorial funding
The Space Mirror Memorial cost $6.2 million.

The memorial was to be partially funded by the sales of "Space Shots" trading cards. An agreement was made for 25% of Space Shots profits, in exchange for guaranteeing a $160,000 loan. A projected $400,000 was owed to the Foundation, which was never paid.

The Space Mirror Memorial and the Astronauts Memorial Foundation are funded in part by a specialty vehicle registration plate issued by the state of Florida. Called the Challenger plate, it was first issued in 1987, and was the first specialty plate issued by the state. The third edition, introduced in 2004, includes Columbia in the text, and is now termed the Challenger/Columbia plate. License plates brought in $377,000 in 2009.

One quarter of the revenue from the Apollo 11 Fiftieth Anniversary commemorative coins will go to the Astronauts Memorial Foundation.

Honorees
Only those killed during human spaceflight missions or during training for such missions sponsored by the United States are eligible for inclusion in the memorial. For a comprehensive list of space disasters, see List of space disasters.

The people honored on the memorial are:
 * Theodore Freeman, one of the NASA Astronaut Group 3 recruits from 1963, died in a T-38 training accident on October 31, 1964.
 * Elliot See and Charles Bassett were killed in a T-38 accident on February 28, 1966, when their aircraft crashed into McDonnell Building 101 on a foggy day. They were originally slated to be the crew of Gemini 9.  Bassett was another Group 3 recruit, whereas See was an Astronaut Group 2 recruit from 1962.
 * Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee were in the Apollo 1 capsule for plugs-out test on January 27, 1967, when a short circuit ignited flammable materials in the pressurized pure-oxygen atmosphere. The astronauts died of carbon monoxide poisoning before ground crews could reach them.  Grissom, one of the Mercury Seven astronauts, had flown twice before.  White conducted the first US spacewalk on Gemini 4.  Chaffee, a rookie, was a Group 3 recruit.
 * Clifton Williams died in a T-38 training crash on October 5, 1967. Another Group 3 recruit, he was in the Apollo astronaut rotation, and would have been on the crew of Apollo 12.  He was also memorialized by a fourth star on the official Apollo 12 mission patch.
 * Michael J. Adams died in an X-15 crash on November 15, 1967. He was not a NASA astronaut recruit, but made the memorial by virtue of having earned the Astronaut Badge according to the USAF standard by reaching just over 50 miles in altitude on his fatal flight.  He was also in the United States Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory program.
 * Robert H. Lawrence Jr., died on December 8, 1967, when the F-104 he was in as an instructor pilot for a flight test trainee crashed and his ejection seat parachute failed to open. He was in the Manned Orbiting Laboratory program at the time, and could have been among the first African-American astronauts had he survived to take NASA's offer for all under-35 MOL candidates to join their space program when MOL was scrapped in 1969.
 * On January 28, 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds after liftoff on mission STS-51-L due to a defect in one of the solid rocket boosters. All seven crew members—Francis "Dick" Scobee, Michael J. Smith, Ronald McNair, Gregory Jarvis, Judith Resnik, Ellison Onizuka, and Christa McAuliffe—died.  Scobee, McNair, Resnik, and Onizuka had flown before. Resnik was the second American woman in space, after Sally Ride. McAuliffe was participating via the Teacher in Space Project.
 * M. L. "Sonny" Carter died on April 5, 1991, in the crash of Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311. Carter was a passenger traveling on NASA business. He had flown on STS-33 and was in training for STS-42 at the time.
 * On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated on re-entry at the end of mission STS-107 due to damage during ascent. The crew was Rick Husband, William C. McCool, David M. Brown, Kalpana Chawla, Michael P. Anderson, Laurel Clark and Ilan Ramon.  Husband, Chawla and Anderson were veterans. Ramon was a pilot in the Israeli Air Force.
 * On October 31, 2014, SpaceShipTwo broke apart during its fourth powered flight, killing co-pilot Michael T. Alsbury and severely injuring the pilot. Both were flying for Scaled Composites on a mission for Virgin Galactic.

Astronauts Memorial Foundation
The Astronauts Memorial Foundation was founded shortly (summer of 1986) after the Challenger disaster (January 28, 1986) by Architect Alan Helman, then Congressman and Astronaut Bill Nelson, Leland McKee, business director, Martin Marietta (now Lochheed Martin), Randy Berridge, executive with AT&T, Florida Governor Bob Graham, Ralph Turlington, Florida Commissioner of Education, Senator and Astronaut Jake Garn and other Central Florida and national leaders. On September 4, 1986, Alan Helman and Leland McKee were presented a resolution by Governor Bob Graham and the Florida cabinet fully endorsing the efforts of The Astronauts Memorial Foundation. This included fundraising efforts of the 67 county Challenger Run Walk a Thon and specialty license plate. The Astronauts Memorial Foundation license plate, designed by artist Robert McCall, was Florida’s first vanity plate sold starting in December 1986. The automobile license plate went on raising millions for educational purposes in the State of Florida. Other educational efforts continue to this day. The president of the Astronaut Memorial Foundation was Stephen Feldman from 1999 to 2012. He was paid $303,000 annually. This was criticized as being the highest among 100 of Brevard County non-profits. His salary represented 18.3 percent of the fund's $1.8 million budget in fiscal year 2009. He defended his salary by saying that he was the sole fundraiser and the chief financial officer for the foundation.

Thad Altman became President and CEO of the Astronauts Memorial Foundation in August 2012. The Board of Directors include Eileen Collins - Chairman, Jack Kirschenbaum - Vice Chairman, Gregory H. Johnson - Treasurer, Sheryl L. Chaffee - Secretary.

title: Space Mirror Memorial


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Lichtenburg, North West

Lichtenburg is a town situated in North West Province, South Africa. It is the administrative centre of Ditsobotla Local Municipality.

The town was established in 1873 and was named by Transvaal President Thomas François Burgers as Lichtenburg (Town of Light). On the 13 March 1926, Jacobus Voorendyk, discovered a diamond on his family farm and within 12 months there were 108,000 fortune seekers on the scene. The resulting diamond rush lasted ten years.

The main economic activity is the production of maize (corn) and meat. Lichtenburg lies in the heart of the maize triangle, which is the main maize growing area in South Africa. Another major economic activity is the production of cement. Within an 80 km radius of Lichtenburg there are four major cement producers, which creates opportunities for long-distance transport and related businesses.

General information
Lichtenburg is situated approximately 230 km west of Johannesburg on the main route to Mmabatho. It lies 1459 m above sea level. The climate is healthy and moderate. Frost occurs in winter but the days are pleasantly sunny. As a result of natural water resources and wide-open spaces it has a natural charm and is a true oasis in an otherwise slightly arid North West Province.

Climate
Lichtenburg has a steppe climate (Köppen climate classification BSk).

History
Lichtenburg was established in 1873 by Commandant H.A. Greeff. The history of the town is closely associated with the life of General De la Rey, who, apart from being the town's representative in the House of Assembly, was also Assistant Commandant General of the Boer forces. After Unification he also became Senator. He was buried in Lichtenburg after a fatal shooting incident at Langlaagte. More and more farmers settled in the area during the mid to late 1800s.

In more recent history the town was the scene of large scale violent protests on the 25 April 2017 when protests for more public housing turned violent and led to significant property damage and looting of local businesses.

Boer War
The First Anglo-Boer War (1880–1881), was a rebellion of Boers (farmers) against British rule in the Transvaal that re-established their independence. The conflict occurred against the backdrop of the Pretoria government becoming increasingly ineffective at dealing with growing claims on South African land from rival interests within the country. The Second War (1899–1902), by contrast, was a lengthy war—involving large numbers of troops from many British possessions, which ended with the conversion of the Boer republics into British colonies (with a promise of limited self-governance). These colonies later formed part of the Union of South Africa. The British fought directly against the Transvaal and the Orange Free State, eventually defeating their forces through the use of the "Scorched Earth" policy. Lord Kitchener had enacted this brutal and inhumane policy after a long and bitter guerrilla campaign waged by the Boers which led the British to incur high losses due to both disease and the unconventional combat tactics used by the Boers. This war saw so many nationalities fighting against each other, and was at the same time a civil war involving Afrikaner against Afrikaner, and South African English-speakers, as well as many black combatants, fighting and dying on both sides.

Rudyard Kipling's poem "Lichtenberg" relates the story of one Australian combatant and his journey towards death in a foreign land. Trooper Aberline's sacrifice influenced the Boers and his legacy went far beyond his rusting cross in the Lichtenburg cemetery which lies close to that of Edith Mathews.

"There was some silly fire on the flank And the small wet drizzling down - There were the sold-out shops and the bank And the wet, wide-open town; And we were doing escort-duty To somebody's escort-train, And I smelt wattle by Lichtenberg - Riding in, in the rain."

Like many British sources, Kipling spelt Lichtenburg incorrectly. There have never been groves of wattle near Lichtenburg. Quite probably, however, Kipling was referring to the scent of wild acacia in bloom, which would have reminded the Australian soldier of the wattle back home (Acacia mearnsii). The scents, and indeed the small yellow flowers, are quite similar. Just one more connection between the two continents that the poet is alluding to.

In May 1900 the Siege of Mafeking ended and hostilities quickly engulfed the whole of the northern Cape and western Transvaal (this region has now been incorporated into the North-West Province). Between June and November 1900, the Anglo-Boer War evolved into its guerrilla phase, and fighting see-sawed throughout the territory. During this period the strategically important town of Lichtenburg was occupied by both Boer and Briton for short spells. In November 1900, a large British force under Col. Robert Baden-Powell was transferred to Lichtenburg and secured the town, and much of the territory with it.

Five months later, on 3 March 1901, 400 Boers under the co-joint commands of Generals De la Rey, Smuts, Celliers, Vermaas and Lemmer launched a mounted attack on the town. In a fierce but inconclusive engagement lasting a full day and much of the night, fourteen Boers and eighteen British soldiers were killed, whilst 38 Boers and 24 British soldiers were wounded. As he rode away, De la Rey was heard to remark, "The enemy has received a good hiding and so did I".

Notable people
Persons of note born in Lichtenburg include Ferdi Hartzenberg (b. 8 January 1936) who served as South Africa's Minister of Education from 1979 to 1982 and as the final leader of the Conservative Party of South Africa from 1993 to 2004.

Industries
Several factories manufacturing, among other things, liquid fertilizer, animal feed and agricultural implements are established here. Two of the largest cement factories in the Southern Hemisphere, AfriSam Dudfield (previously Anglo Alpha) and Lafarge (previously Blue Circle Cement), are situated here, as well as the country's biggest cheese factory (Clover S.A.).

Business
The central business area consists of approximately 150 retail undertakings, 20 financial institutions and many other service institutions. Shop and office accommodation is available as well as select business sites adjoining the central business area.

Motor Sport
The Lichtenburg Sports Car Club is affiliated with the South African Motor Sports body and motor car and motor cycle races—both on the race track and offroad—represented here, attract well-known racing drivers. Peet Swart, a well known track athlete, is situated in Lichtenburg.

Lichtenburg Diggings Museum
The theme of the museum is the alluvial diamant diggings of this region from 1925 to 1935, then the richest public diggings in the world. The biggest pure red diamond (flawless) ("pigeon blood red") in the world was found here in 1927. The stone was of 33 carat. It was sold for 66 pounds and was later valued at $150,000. The stone would be worth more than $6 million today and is the purest red diamond in the world. The biggest diamond rush in history took place in March 1927 on the farm Grasfontein near Lichtenburg, when 25,000 runners took part to peg their claims. The town accommodates a social-historical museum and an Agricultural museum with a big collection of antique tractors and many other objects, and the new Digging Museum. The Museum is no more it was burned down in a senseless act. None of the above museums are present any more in the town all was destroyed or looted.

Bakerville
Approximately 20 km north of Lichtenburg lies the world-renowned diamond diggings over an area of more or less 35 km from east to west, known as "Bakerville". Bakerville is on the Zeerust Road.

It was the richest public diggings ever mined—it was the Lichtenburg Diamond Rush of February 1926 and a population of 150,000 souls appeared as if by magic. Bakerville, or "Bakers" as it was known it the time, it is only one of several "Diggers Towns", developed in Wild West style. Bakerville was the biggest and most famous of the towns. Bigger than Cape Town at the time, the Lichtenburg district made many men rich but broke thousands of hearts.

By 1928 the rush was over. Today a smattering of "bitter-einders" remain, optimists all, still digging through tonnes of gravel heaps in the never-ending search for the 'Big One'.

Public Library
A modern public library and an art gallery which is one of the biggest in the country, housing a valuable collection of paintings by well-known South African artists are situated in a wing of the Civic centre. Paintings of Gregoire Boonzaier, Irmin Henkel, Irma Stern, Louis Steyn, Walter Battiss, Dirk Meerkotter, F. Claerhout, Bettie Cilliers-Barnard, Johannes Meintjes and the sculptor Hennie Potgieter form part of the collection.

Burning Vlei
The vlei which separates Lichtenburg from its biggest suburb, Kieserville, is unique in as much as the thick layers of peat (which is the product of millions of years of marsh vegetation and the forerunner of coal) had for decades been burning subterraneously, creating a great hazard for man and beast. Very few such phenomena occur worldwide. Presently, due to the stemming of the flow of vlei water, the burning has ceased and water sport is being practised on the two resulting dams. During the 1984 drought the vlei again started burning in places. The Dauth-Roode and Centenary dams provide opportunity for water sport. A nine-hole golfcourse is kept in excellent condition and is quite a challenge for the keen golfer.

Hoërskool Lichtenburg
Hoërskool Lichtenburg is well known throughout the North West province and even in the Gauteng province for sports and academics. It is an Afrikaans medium school of over a thousand learners from all over the district, even from Botswana. The school has always prided itself in top performance, tradition and culture. There are two large boarding houses. These are mainly populated by teens from the surrounding farms. Hoërskool Lichtenburg excels at sport, especially when it comes to rugby and hockey. Its greatest rivals are schools in the Potchefstroom area and schools in Rustenburg. In academics it also excels. For the last few years it has seen a 100% matric pass rate. Notable people who went to Hoërskool Lichtenburg include Hestrie Cloete (Olympic silver medallist) and Kieka Mynhardt (mathematician).

Notable Athletes
Lichtenburg has produced a number of notable athletes over the years. Pierre Vorster was the All Africa Champion in High Jump in 1995 (2.22m). Richard Bands represented South Africa as a Springbok rugby player in 11 tests and scored one of the best ever tries by a prop in international rugby. Hestrie Cloete was a world class high jump athlete. Hestrie Cloete was the husband of Jurie els. Her foremost achievements were winning two world championships and two silver medals at Olympic Games.

Wondergat
Approximately 40 km on the Mafikeng road lies Wondergat (°N, °W). It is one of the deepest sinkholes in South Africa where freshwater diving can be practised. Diving courses are available at the site and it is one of the popular inland diving places in the country.

Unique breeding centre
Two kilometres north-east of Lichtenburg is a unique game breeding centre, operated by the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa measuring 4500 ha, where game such as addax, mhorr gazelle and the pygmy hippopotamus of West Africa are bred. White rhino, blue wildebeest, zebra, impala, gemsbok and many other species are to be seen in their natural surroundings.

The area is also ideal for a day trip or a fascinating weekend's viewing and a pair of binoculars always comes in handy. Abundant water in the area creates a habitat for numerous water and other bird species like ducks, coots, herons, secretary birds and vultures. The Willie Marnewick Birdhide is one of the largest of its kind in the country and it enables enthusiastic birdwatchers to look more closely at the birdlife. Barbecue facilities have also been provided, and special night drives can be arranged. Animals bred at the center are supplied to international and local zoos and game farms. Interested people may become members of the Friends of the Zoo Society. Self-catering facilities are available in the centre. The breeding center has gone to waste and was sold off to a private owner. thanks to the nonexistent local government. we have lost all of our once great town.

Monuments

 * On General De la Rey Square in front of the Town Hall:
 * A twice life size statue of General De la Rey mounted on his horse Bokkie. This work of art is the creation of sculptor Hennie Potgieter in February 1965, who grew up in the Lichtenburg district.
 * The Burger Monument engraved with the names of 87 burghers of Lichtenburg and district who fell during the Anglo-Boer War.
 * Memorials erected during the 1938 Symbolic Ox Wagon trek.
 * The Afrikaans Language Monument designed by Hennie Potgieter and erected during the 1975 language centenary festival.
 * The Greeff memorial at Witklip 10 km north east of Lichtenburg in commemoration of the founder of Lichtenburg, H.A. Creeff.
 * The grave of General De la Rey is in the Lichtenburg cemetery with a bronze bust of General De la Rey created by Fanie Elof
 * A small Voortrekker monument is erected on Elandsfontein, General De la Rey's farm, in commemoration of the late Boer leader.
 * A historical cattle dip on the farm Elandsputte, 20 km north of Lichtenburg was declared a national monument.
 * The Gruisfontein battle field 24 km east of Lichtenburg, where a monument has been erected in honour of the burghers who fell there.

Historical buildings

 * The Dutch Reformed Church in Gerrit Maritz Street erected in 1890 (Declared a National Monument).
 * The old magistrate's building dates from 1895/96.
 * The home where General De la Rey lived, 3 km west of town, was demolished during the Anglo-Boer War. During 1902 it was rebuilt on the original foundations.
 * The home of the founder, H.A. Greeff, built in 1875 on Manana, 10 km east of Lichtenburg, is still standing.
 * An old plantation house, home of the pioneer in dry-land farming, Col. H du Tolt, erected in 1910 south of town is still in use as a dwelling.

Rioting in Lichtenburg
On 25 April 2017, Lichtenburg was the scene of extensive rioting following the alleged murder of a 17-year-old boy in nearby Coligny for allegations related to stealing a sunflowers on a farm. The incident sparked violent protests, looting and destruction of property and local businesses predominantly owned by whites.

title: Lichtenburg, North West


text:
Yusheng

Yusheng, yee sang or yuu sahng, or Prosperity Toss, also known as lo sahng (Cantonese for 撈生) is a Malaysian/Singaporean-style raw fish salad. It usually consists of strips of raw fish (sometimes salmon), mixed with shredded vegetables and a variety of sauces and condiments, among other ingredients. There is also a vegetarian version of this dish, where the fish is replaced with soy "fish", which resembles salmon. Yusheng literally means "raw fish" but since "fish" (魚) is commonly conflated with its homophone "abundance" (餘), Yúshēng (魚生) is interpreted as a homophone for Yúshēng (餘升), meaning an increase in abundance. Therefore, yusheng is considered a symbol of abundance, prosperity and vigor.

The dish originated from China but modern takes of the dish existed in both Malaysia and Singapore with both countries having competitive claims over who first modified the dish to its modern version. Today, the common form of yusheng is the qicai yusheng (七彩魚生; "seven-coloured raw fish salad") served in local restaurants during the Chinese New Year period. Also referred to as facai yusheng (發財魚生; "prosperity raw fish salad") or xinnian yusheng (新年魚生; "Chinese New Year raw fish salad"). The recipe generally includes ingredients such as shredded white and green radish and carrots, ginger slices, onion slices, crushed peanuts, pomelo, pepper, essence of chicken, oil, salt, vinegar, sugar and more.

Yusheng during Chinese New Year is a cultural activity for the Chinese population in Malaysia and Singapore and recently become popular although not historically practiced in Indonesia, Thailand and Hong Kong over the last few decades.

Origins
The Chinese China Cuisine Association mentions the tradition coming from Guangdong, China before the dishes were brought to Southeast Asia by Chinese immigration. However, the statement only mentions the tradition of having raw fish during Chinese New Year, which was served very differently from today's Yusheng.

Dispute
The dish originated in China but modern takes of the dish existed in both Malaysia and Singapore with both countries having competitive claims over who invented or modified the dish first. In 2020, a descendant of Lu Zhen Ji stated that the origin of the claim was hard to prove and meaningless to insist on an origin, ending the dispute.

Singapore
In Singapore, the claim was that the dish was modified by four chefs, Than Mui Kai (Tham Yu Kai, co-head chef of Lai Wah Restaurant), Lau Yoke Pui (co-head chef of Lai Wah Restaurant), Hooi Kok Wai (founder of Dragon-Phoenix Restaurant) and Sin Leong (founder of Sin Leong Restaurant), in a restaurant kitchen in Singapore.

In the 1970s, the Lai Wah Restaurant located at Bendemeer started the modern-day method of serving yusheng with a pre-mixed special sauce comprising plum sauce, rice vinegar, kumquat paste and sesame oil – instead of customers mixing inconsistently-concocted sauce.

In 2012, Chris Hooi, son of Hooi Kok Wai, one of the four chefs, clarified that the four chefs never claimed they invented the dish and their modified dish only took off in Singapore in the 1960s.

Malaysia
Malaysian historians and news media propose that the present yusheng originated from modifying a earlier fish noodle dish originating from Guangdong, China served during Renri by Loke Ching Fatt, who at the time owned Loke Ching Kee , a Chinese restaurant in the city of Seremban. One of Loke's grandchildren, statesman Anthony Loke launched a history book on the food's origins on their family side on 31 January 2020.

In 2009, the Malaysian Department of National Heritage claimed Yusheng, alongside other Malaysian food dishes, as an "Intangible Heritage Object of Malaysia".

Ingredients and their symbolism
When putting the yusheng on the table, New Year greetings are offered. Some of the phrases commonly used are:
 * 恭喜發財 / 恭喜发财 meaning "Congratulations and be wealthy"
 * 萬事如意 / 万事如意 meaning "May all your wishes be fulfilled"

The fish is added – its Mandarin word, "魚" (pronounced "yu") corresponds to a homophone of it "餘 / 余" meaning "abundance", thus 年年有餘 / 年年有余 (), "abundance through the year". Pomelo or lime (大利, da li / daai lei) is added to the fish, adding luck and auspicious value (大吉大利, meaning "good luck and smooth sailing"). Pepper is then dashed over in the hope of attracting more money and valuables. 招財進寶 / 招财进宝 meaning "Attract wealth and treasures". Then oil is poured out, circling the ingredients and encouraging money to flow in from all directions – referring to 一本萬利 / 一本万利, meaning "make 10,000 times of profit with your capital", and 財源廣進 / 财源广进 meaning "numerous sources of wealth".

Carrots are added indicating blessings of good luck: the first word in the compound word representing the ingredient, "紅蘿蔔 / 红萝卜", 紅 / 红 (hong / hung) has a homophone in 鴻 / 鸿 referring to 鴻運當頭 / 鸿运当头 meaning "good luck is approaching". Shredded green radish is later added symbolising eternal youth – 青春常駐 / 青春常驻, "forever young". After which the shredded white radish is added – prosperity in business and promotion at work (風生水起 / 风生水起 – "progress at a fast pace", 步步高升  – "reaching higher level with each step").

The condiments are finally added. First, peanut crumbs are dusted on the dish, symbolising a household filled with gold and silver (金銀滿屋 / 金银满屋, meaning "household filled with gold and silver"). Sesame seeds quickly follow symbolizing a flourishing business (生意興隆 / 生意兴隆, meaning "prosperity for the business") Yu Sheng sauce, usually made from plum sauce, is generously drizzled over everything – a reference to 甜甜蜜蜜 , meaning "may life always be sweet" Deep-fried flour crisps in the shape of golden pillows is then added with wishes that literally the whole floor would be filled with gold (遍地黃金 / 遍地黄金 , "floor full of gold").

Modern version of the dish
The yusheng had fish served with daikon (white radish), carrots, red pepper (capsicum), turnips, red pickled ginger, sun-dried oranges, key lime leaves, coriander, chilli, jellyfish, chopped peanuts, toasted sesame seeds, Chinese shrimp crackers (or fried dried shrimp), five spice powder and other ingredients, laced with a sauce using plum sauce, rice vinegar, kumquat paste and sesame oil, for a total of 27 ingredients. Originally, the dish used raw wolf herring, although salmon was later offered as an alternative due to said species' growing popularity with customers.

Serving

Yusheng is often served as part of a multi-dish dinner, usually as the appetizer due to its symbolism of "good luck" for the new year. Some would consume it on Renri, the seventh day of the Chinese New Year, although in practice it may be eaten on any convenient day during the Chinese New Year period (the first to the 15th day of the first lunar month).

The base ingredients are first served. The leader amongst the diners or the restaurant server proceeds to add ingredients such as the fish, the crackers and the sauces while saying "auspicious wishes" (吉祥話 / 吉祥话 ) as each ingredient is added, typically related to the specific ingredient being added. For example, phrases such as 年年有餘 / 年年有余 ("may there be abundance year after year") are uttered as the fish is added, as the Chinese word for "surplus" or "abundance" (餘 / 余 ) sounds the same as the Chinese word for "fish" (魚 / 鱼 ).

All diners at the table then stand up and proceed to toss the shredded ingredients into the air with chopsticks while saying various "auspicious wishes" out loud, or simply "lo hei, lo hei" (撈起, pinyin: lāoqǐ, lāoqǐ meaning "scoop it up, scoop it up"). It is believed that the height of the toss reflects the height of the diners' growth in fortunes, thus diners are expected to toss enthusiastically.

title: Yusheng


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Lahardane

Lahardane, also sometimes spelled Lahardaun (, meaning "Half on Hill"), is a village in the parish of Addergoole, County Mayo, Ireland, adjacent to Lough Conn and to Nephin, and close to the towns of Crossmolina, Castlebar and Ballina. The 2016 census recorded a population of 178.

History
Evidence of ancient settlement in the area include a ruined megalithic cist near Knockfarnagh, and a ringfort at Lisgorp.

Historically, the people of Lahardane and the surrounding area helped the French army under General Humbert during the 1798 uprising when the local priest, Fr Andrew Conroy, led French and Irish forces to Castlebar though the Windy Gap, a passage through the Mountains. The British forces had been expecting the French to go to Foxford first, and were caught off-guard. This led to the Races of Castlebar. After the uprising was put down, Fr Conroy was hanged on the Mall in Castlebar, and is most likely buried in the old abbey in Addergoole cemetery. A Celtic cross now stands in Lahardane as a memorial these events. The cross was erected in 1937 by Michéal Ó Tiomanaidhe, the Gaelic scholar, writer and folklore collector who was born in Addergoole parish on 20 September 1853. In October 2017, the Lahardane GAA team won the Mayo Junior Football Championship for the very first time, and went on to win the Connacht Junior Football Championship in November 2017.

Titanic Village
Addergoole parish suffered the largest proportionate loss for any locality probably in the world when the RMS Titanic sank in 1912. The 'Addergoole Fourteen' boarded the ship at Queenstown (Cobh). Three survived the disaster. There is a plaque in St Patrick's Church, Lahardane to the memory of the fourteen, as well as a memorial garden filled with sculptures to honour their memory.

Fair Day
The history of the Lahardane Fair goes back to around 1900. It was a traditional Harvest Festival, as was practised in the West of Ireland at the time, and it was always held on 15 August, a feast day and religious holiday. At that time, it was noted for its tradition in which local farmers hired younger labourers, and was sometimes known as the 'Hiring Fair'. This tradition died out in the 1920s, and it became a traditional day for the sale of cattle and sheep. This situation prevailed into the 1970s. Later, the Lahardane Parents Council decided to revive the Fair Day, and kept tradition with 15 August (resisting the temptation to move it to the nearest weekend). It now runs as a fundraising event for the local national (primary) school.

Sport
The local Gaelic football team is the Lahardane McHales GAA. Founded in 1966, Lahardane McHales is made up of players drawn from across the parish of Addergoole. Under the management of John Maughan, The club won their first Mayo Junior title in 2017 defeating Kilmaine. They subsequently went on to win the Connacht Junior Football Championship, beating Ballymote of Sligo 1–15 to 3-05.

People

 * John MacHale - (1789 – 1881) Catholic Archbishop of Tuam, and Irish nationalist, from whom the local Gaelic football club derives its name. He was born and raised in the area.
 * Mamie Cadden - (1891 – 1959) Nurse and abortionist. Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania but her family were from the area and returned early in her life. She attended Lahardane National School and was raised to adulthood in the area.

title: Lahardane


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User:Jesse's Girl

Welcome to my Wikicenter! Rather than just a “user page”, I prefer to call this page a “Wikicenter”. Why, you ask? Well, most of my user pages on other Wikimedia wikis—and even outside Wikimedia wikis—refer people who want to read about me and leave comments to my user and talk pages on the English Wikipedia. Because of that, this page is the center of all I do on wiki.

My IP Addresses
For the sake of privacy, I will not be disclosing my IP addresses on this page. Should the need arise to know my IP, please Email me so we can discuss the matter privately.

Interwiki Accounts
I have registered for an account on most—if not all—of Wikimedia's wikis. Most of these accounts don't yet have a user page, and some I may not have even used yet. For more about these accounts, see my accounts page.

My user pages:
 * Wikimedia Commons
 * Wikibooks
 * Wikiquote
 * Wikisource
 * Wiktionary
 * Meta-wiki
 * Wikispecies
 * September 11 Wiki

title: User:Jesse's Girl


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Jens Martin Knudsen

Jens Martin Knudsen (12 October 1930 – 17 February 2005) was a Danish astrophysicist. During his scientific career Knudsen authored or co-authored more than 100 scientific articles, and was a longtime advisor to NASA.

Early years
Knudsen was born in Haurum near Aarhus, Denmark. Knudsen was son of Haurum's grocers and grew up at the grocer's house together with his three brothers of whom Knudsen was the oldest. All of the brothers ended up becoming physicists.

Physics
He was originally educated as a school teacher, but in 1962 got his degree in physics and mathematics from the University of Copenhagen. Immediately after his degree, Knudsen received a job invitation to MIT where he spent the next two years as a guest teacher.

During 1966-1967 he taught physics at Middle East Technical University in Ankara Turkey. From 1970 to 1973, he worked for UNESCO as a teacher of mathematics in Turkey and later in Brazil. In Universidade de Brasília Knudsen worked with Mössbauer spectroscopy. There in Brazil Knudsen got a direct opportunity to compare the color of Mars in the night sky with the color of the local terrain. It made him wonder if there were common reasons for the near-matched color.

After Knudsen returned to Denmark, he concentrated his studies on meteorites, especially iron-rich meteorites where Mössbauer spectroscopy is especially effective.

In 1990 Knudsen participated in a workshop called "The Environmental Model of Mars" in Hungary. One morning Knudsen had sat down at the morning table at the workshop and started an enthusiastic conversation about why Mars exploration is especially important with two people unknown to him; it turned out that they were Agustin Chicarro, who was ESA's Solar System Research Project Scientist and leading and George Scoon, the chief designer of ESA's orbiter probes.

Both were thrilled about Knudsen's rhetoric and invited him to join a science team for a European probe to Mars. In one of these meetings, two people from JPL heard Knudsen talk about Mössbauer spectroscopy. Shortly after, they invited him to JPL to talk about Mössbauer spectroscopy in a future Mars mission. At that conference in California, Knudsen used the last five minutes and 45 seconds of his talk to present the idea of using an array of magnets with decreasing field strength as a sort of continuation on the magnetic experiment carried out on the Viking lander missions. This idea intrigued the conference and Knudsen was asked whom they should talk to implement such an experiment: Knudsen said that he would call Robert B. Hargraves, who had been Principal Investigator in the "Magnetic Properties Experiment" on the Viking mission. Thanks to Knudsen the development, of the magnet array experiment was granted to the University of Copenhagen.

In 1993, Knudsen became part of NASA's Mars team and shortly thereafter Knudsen established the Danish Mars Group together with Lise Vistisen and Morten Bo Madsen.

Knudsen had a part in the development of the Danish magnet experiment carried on the Mars Pathfinder mission in 1996 which was meant to examine the magnetic properties of the Martian dust.

Later years
In later years he became known as "Marsmanden" (the Martian) on account of his great enthusiasm towards recent missions to the planet Mars. In 2000 Knudsen was awarded the Order of the Dannebrog In 2002 he was appointed Honorary Professor of Planetary science at the University of Aarhus. At his death he was also Professor Emeritus at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen.

In 2003 Jens Kerte wrote a biography of Knudsen entitled Mars og Marsmanden (Mars and the Martian) which includes three interviews with Knudsen himself.

Knudsen was highly regarded by his students, and is subject of many colloquial songs written by the physics students at the University of Copenhagen which are still sung regularly. After Knudsen's death in 2005 the students wrote a more formal song in his honor, and to this date, the annual student's revue (end-of-year show) reserves the first printed ticket for Jens Martin.

This same regard has led to the prize for most well-taught physics course at the Niels Bohr Institute to be named the Jens Martin Prize.

title: Jens Martin Knudsen


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Acid King

Acid King is an American stoner metal band from San Francisco, California. It was formed in 1993 by frontwoman Lori S., drummer Joey Osbourne and bassist Peter Lucas. Acid King have since recorded four studio albums and two EPs with a series of bassists.

The band's name was inspired by the crimes of Ricky Kasso, who murdered his friend Gary Lauwers in Northport, New York on June 19, 1984. Kasso was nicknamed "Acid King" by his peers due to his chronic hallucinogenic drug use. The band's self-titled debut EP features a photograph of Kasso on its cover. The band itself has also been featured in two books – The Encyclopedia of Heavy Metal and the A to Z of Doom, Gothic & Stoner Metal – both published in 2003.

Current members

 * Lori S. – guitar, vocals, lyrics (1993–present)
 * Bryce Shelton – bass (2021-present)
 * Jason Willer – drums (2021-present)

Previous members

 * Peter Lucas – bass (1993–1996; appears on Acid King and Zoroaster)
 * Dan Southwick – bass (1996–1998; appears on Down with the Crown)
 * Brian Hill – bass (1998–1999; appears on Busse Woods)
 * Guy Pinhas – bass (1999–2005; appears on Free... and III)
 * Mark Lamb – bass (2007–2017)
 * Joey Osbourne – drums (1993–2017)
 * Rafa Martinez– bass (2005–2008, 2019)
 * Bil Bowman – drums (2017–2021)

Compilation appearances
"Not Fragile" and "Motorhead" included on re-release of Busse Woods.
 * "Not Fragile" (BTO cover) on In the Groove (1999 The Music Cartel)
 * "Motorhead" (Hawkwind cover) on Daze of the Underground (2003 Godreah Records)
 * "The Stake" (Steve Miller Band cover) on Sucking the 70's – Back in the Saddle Again (2006 Small Stone Records)

title: Acid King


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Samuel S. Sumner

Samuel Storrow Sumner (1842–1937) was a United States Army general who served during the Spanish–American War, Boxer Rebellion, and Philippine–American War.

Early life
Sumner was born in Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, on February 6, 1842. His name commemorates his father's mentor and friend, Samuel Appleton Storrow (1787–1837), who served as a Judge Advocate in the U.S. Army from 1816 to 1821.

Civil War service
He served in the Union army during the Civil War. Shortly after the outbreak of the war he was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in the 2nd Cavalry Regiment on June 11, 1861. He was later transferred to the 5th Cavalry on August 3, 1861. For much of the war, he served on the staff of his father, General Edwin V. Sumner. He participated in the Battle of Fair Oaks, Virginia, on June 1, 1862.

He was promoted to 1st lieutenant on July 17, 1862, and to aide-de-camp with the rank of captain on August 20 of the same year. He fought at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. On March 30, 1864, he was assigned as a captain in the 5th Cavalry. During the war, he received brevets (honorary promotions) to 1st lieutenant, captain, and major for "gallant and meritorious service".

Post Civil War
After the war's end, Sumner stayed in the army and served in the cavalry during the Indian Wars as did his brother Civil War brevet brigadier general Edwin Vose Sumner, Jr. He was promoted to major of the 8th Cavalry on April 2, 1879. He received a brevet to lieutenant colonel on February 27, 1890, for "gallant service in action against Indians at Summit Springs, Colorado on 11 July 1869. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the 6th Cavalry on February 18, 1891, and to colonel in command of the 6th Cavalry on May 23, 1896.

Spanish–American War
When the Spanish–American War broke out in May 1898, Sumner was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and placed in command of the 1st Brigade, Cavalry Division, V Corps. He was sent to Cuba with the corps and led his brigade into action at the Battle of Las Guasimas. When Joseph Wheeler fell ill, Sumner temporarily assumed command of the Cavalry Division. He was still in command of the division when the fighting at the Battle of San Juan Hill began. However, it is said that when Wheeler heard the sound of battle he rose from his sick bed and rushed to take command of the division. Sumner returned to command his brigade for the rest of the battle and in the Siege of Santiago. In September, he was appointed major general of volunteers. He was discharged from the volunteers and reverted to his Regular Army rank of colonel on April 15, 1899.

After the war with Spain ended, Sumner served as a military attaché to American Embassy in London. During the Boxer Rebellion, Summer was again in field command and led a brigade in the China Relief Expedition.

He then was sent to the Philippines and commanded the 1st District, Department of Southern Luzon during the Philippine–American War. On February 4, 1901, he was promoted to brigadier general in the Regular Army.

He was a companion of the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. He was also a companion of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of Foreign Wars.

He continued to serve in the Army until his retirement at the age of 64 in 1906. He died on July 26, 1937, at his home in Brookline, Massachusetts, and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

Awards

 * Civil War Campaign Medal
 * Indian Campaign Medal
 * Spanish Campaign Medal
 * China Campaign Medal
 * Philippine Campaign Medal

title: Samuel S. Sumner


text:
Delayed stroke

For penmanship, the difference between on-line handwriting recognition and off-line handwriting recognition is that temporal information is present in the on-line pen-tip trajectory Xt, Yt. This means that the order of movements is contained with an on-line recording of handwriting on a Graphics Tablet. In handwriting recognition, the temporal information usually helps to disambiguate between characters that are touching in the image, but which are disparate in the temporal order.

Nevertheless, the time information also introduces problems in cases where the writer goes back and forth over the page. The most common example is putting the dot on a letter i or j, or the horizontal bar of a lower-case letter t. Such an action can be performed either immediately after writing a letter or can be delayed to a later moment. There are different strategies. Some writers produce the dots after finishing a word while others finish a complete sentence or even paragraph of text before producing the delayed strokes for dots and bars. Whereas the optical result may appear impeccable, an on-line handwriting recognition system must attribute each delayed stroke to the correct character in the production sequence.

The delayed stroke illustrates that knowing the temporal stroke order is not always helpful in the handwriting recognition process.

title: Delayed stroke


text:
User talk:DialUp

Welcome
Hey, DialUp, welcome to Wikipedia. I'm pretty new myself as a committed editing member. I just wanted to note that it might be better to address questions and suggestions to others on their Talk page, as I'm doing to you. I specifically refer to your comment to Radiant! regarding the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children article. You will note on Radiant!'s talk page that I have made some suggestions in the same regard.

Looking forward to seeing more of your work here!

HyperZonktalk 19:04, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

re: Nez Perce Stake Race
Good evening. Per your research which found that article to be a copyright violation, I am deleting the article and closing the VfD discussion. Per some of the opinions expressed in the VfD discussion, please consider first whether this topic would be better discussed in the context of some other article before recreating it as a stub. (I have no personal opinion on the matter.) Thanks. Rossami (talk) 06:24, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Sikh pages
Thanks for your dedicated work on sorting and categorising many pages relating to Sikhism, and especial thanks for your edits to Sikh pages; you have turned a fairly redundant list into a valuable, structured index of information. Great work. -- FP 08:26, Mar 19, 2005 (UTC)

Hi Dialup, I have looked at the Sikh Pages and I must say you have done an excellent job - Keep it up! If you need to contact me please email me or post on my talk page. Unfortunately, I only check wikipedia about once a month. Hari Singh 18 April 2005

Hi Dialup, Thanks for the message - I will keep a look out whenever I log into Wiki - I have been spending time on Sikhiwiki - Have you seen it yet? Keep up the good work, --Hari Singh 21:36, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

American West
The debate is geting long, and I think a lot of misunderstanding is going on, so I'm posting here. We don't agree on everything but I think there is enough common ground to hope for an amicable resolution. I don't oppose an article "American West," if it is going to be about the iconic west or the idea of the West, rather than the modern region. The U.S. West article predates American West which was a redirect to it. Since U.S. West has been moved to Western United States- it is the American West that is the newer article.

The main region articles are intended to be holistic in nature covering: geograhy, culture, history, politics, ect. as well as discuss variations with in the region and what may or may not be included in the region. So the information in a rewritten American West article should be included to some extint. In this sense an article about the iconic West would have a paragraph or so in the Western United States with a link to the main article of American West at the top of the section.

The current verison of American West is not solely about the West as an iconic region, but presents it more as an authoritative source on what the West is now. In its current form it only discusses one of several diffentions for what the region is today, and only touches briefly on the iconography. If it was changed to discuss the icongraphy of the West, the importance of the idea of a Western Frontier in American history, and the evolution of that idea, ect. I see no reason why it would need to be either a redirect or a disambig page, since it would cover a topic not covered by an existing article.

As for the map, I'm a geography person so I know the differing regional models by heart. You can see some of the various interpretations of the region in the links I provided in the Food for thought section. I also took Jmabel's conerns into question per the Pacific states, because I was already aware of that idea. I'm willing to make changes to the map, but let's work out the articles first. -JCarriker 19:12, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I can assure you that it is the agenda of the project memebers such as Jmabel, and myself is to come up with the best article available. Texas and California not only will be included in Western United States, they already are there. If you still have doubts, join the project and you'll be notified of what the project is doing. -JCarriker 09:25, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * One more thing, in regards to Houston— its' a swamp. Downtown Houston sits on Buffalo Bayou several of Houstons nicknames include the Bayou City and Magnolia City. The 19th century cattles trails, and thus cowboys, were not part of the history or culture of East Texas. As such any claims to that from East Texas cities is just posing. Rodeo is a sport, Houston having a large rodeo no more makes it a part of the modern American West, than does Calgary's. I you want an example of a Western city in Texas, use Fort Worth— you won't be disapointed ;) I am a Texan so I can speak from experience about it. In your comments you sound as if you will not continue participating in the debate. I would urge you to reconsider, as the discussion with you has been productive, while it hasn't with CPret. - JCarriker 17:05, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * My comments were meant to be humorous, but they are not a joke. My point about Calagary was that it was not part of the United States, making it not part of the American West. As for the Allen Ranch never heard of it, but I've created a stub on it if you care to expand it. If you look up Houston's nick you will find that they are true. I hope you noticed the bits in the webpage about the Allen ranch about bayou this and bayou that, as well as about the Southern plantation. As I have said previously I do not object to Texas being classed as a Western State, I object to it always being classed as one which is a defunct geographic classificaton. That said let me ask a direct question— Do you object to Texas being classed in other regions? If so why? -JCarriker 14:11, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * As I hinted at in my first post I am willing to see regions overlap. I don't see why we should be limited to cookie cutter regions, especially when that's not what exists in reality. -JCarriker 11:03, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Also when I mean posing I mean stuff like this] which annoys most East Texans— where the population is at. Please take the time to read this book review by a West Texas Newspaper the Desert Mountain Times, Texas' old South roots run deep and let me know what you think of both links. -JCarriker 14:34, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC) (revised 16:07, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC))
 * I think it is unfortunate that this debate is taking place, as I said no one is opposing what you want to include. I had to learn Texas history at a young age, it is a required 7th grade course here— further more being proficient in Texas History is a requirment for my college major. I am knowledgable about Texas History, more over I have access to oral history considering that my family has lived in Texas before the Texas Revolution. Texans know what Texas is (just look at the Southern Notice board membership), further more no Southerner is trying to deny Texas' Western heritage, and I certainly hope you are not trying to do the reverse. I see that anything I provide is going to be discounted so I will not be continuing this dialouge. Now if you'll excuse me, Cat and Watermelon awaits me on my front porch where I can view the Wisteria, Kudzu, Magnolias, and Gardenias in my yard. Goodbye sir, I'll alert you when the WikiProject discusses the categories.  -JCarriker 15:55, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * If I were you I would be more careful in my use of words such as dissembling. I have acknowledged your points, even created an article on one of them. I know what I amm talking about and you obviously do not think that I do— thus I have come to the realization that you are going to reject anything I to say and as such my efforts are better directed elsewhere. So long as you continue to dismiss rather than discuss my points, do not post on my talk page. You will be welcome again if you choose to discuss the issue rather than dismiss everything I have to say out of hand. By the way, that book is considered the most authoritative modern work of Texas History by Texana scholars- it does not make cases it states facts. -JCarriker 17:11, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Fine, I'll answer you here. Let's get some things straight. It was you that called me back into this discussion and it wasn't to discuss issues. You asked my opinion of a news article about a place I've never been and my opinion of someone's review of a book I've never read. That's what you got. Again, I'm sorry if my opinions are not what you wish, but everyone is entitled to personal opinions that do not agree with your own. Lastly, it was my own lack of ability to give an informed opinion I was speaking about, not your's. Some things I am sure of; I never intentionally attacked you, threatened you, or lectured you. DialUp 15:45, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * "I never intentionally attacked you, threatened you, or lectured you." I'll accepted that. Further more if I have failed to make myself clear, and have seemed at times unreasonable I apologize, likewise it was not by design. You've said that you're sketchy on Texas history, but let me explain a brief, but useful, note about my culture (which does not encompass all of Texas) and should be useful to you in the future as well as give you some insight into my reaction to your last two posts. Being Southern, entails its own culture,— a bond strengthened by a common history and to a lesser extint, geography. Native Southerners treat being Southern like an ethnicty (many of them would argue it is)- through this context claiming someone isn't Southern, as I originally interpreted your latter posts to mean, is like claiming someone is not Jewish, Mexican, or Irish, and a strong negative reaction can always be expected. However as my grandmother says, "There is no excuse for rudeness (on my part)." This all boils down to one yes or no question Do you object to Texas being included in regions that are not part of the West? If the answer to that question is no I see no reason why we can't work together, if the answer is yes then I'm afraid there is no point in continuing our conversation. -JCarriker (originally) June 29, 2005 09:18 (UTC)/ (revised) July 8, 2005 21:48 (UTC)

Please vote in what to do with American West survey on Talk:American West. Thanks. -JCarriker 21:16, July 9, 2005 (UTC)

VFD
CPret has posted American West on Vfd. You can vote at it's entry page. -JCarriker 17:53, July 10, 2005 (UTC)

Invitation to view new maps
WikiProject U.S. regions is considering a proposal on its maps page to replace the current grab bag of U.S. maps with a standardized style. The new maps also remove the always, sometimes, and rare classification currently in use, in favor of a core area always in a region highlighted in red, while states that may or may not be included in a region are shown in pink. You are invited to comment and/or join as a participant. Please comment on the map page's talk page. If approved or revised by participants, I'd like to make the transition within the next two weeks, (I plan on making your topic of Categories (not just the Western ones at the center of the Coordinator's agenda after that maps have been implemented and/or revised). (P.S. Don't worry too much about Globeism. Personally, I have no more intention of seeing Texas or other states in a similar position being locked out of the West any more than I do seeing them locked into it, and I'm sure others who voted to redirect feel the same way.) BTW on Talk:American West, what did you mean by "when it's completed", did you mean the vote on the talk, the Vfd, Western United States, or something else? Thanks. -JCarriker|Talk 05:57, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Am. West Vfd closed
I have closed the Vfd with consensus to keep, and I've redirected the article per the vote on the talk page. As such "it's completed" so if you'd like to take up the issue of the dubious material please repost your concerns at Talk:Western United States. -JCarriker 18:33, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

Maps
Hey DialUp, I saw that you added an external link of different maps for one of the town articles I added to Wikipedia and I was wondering if you could show me how you did that. I wanted to add them to all the locations in Hampshire County, West Virginia. Thanks! Caponer 02:45, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

Hey there, I saw the template and figured it out, was having a blonde moment I guess...thanks for respondin' ;) Caponer 19:54, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:Sikh practices
I have nominated sikh practices for renaming to sikh behaviour and experience. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. Editor2020 (talk) 16:51, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Guru Nanak through Pictures.png
 Thanks for uploading File:Guru Nanak through Pictures.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude2 (talk) 04:17, 18 February 2011 (UTC)

Categories for discussion nomination of Category:Sikh history
Category:Sikh history, which you created, has been nominated for discussion. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 21:25, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of Life of Guru Nanak through Pictures for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Life of Guru Nanak through Pictures is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Life of Guru Nanak through Pictures until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Redtigerxyz Talk 09:50, 6 October 2012 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Infobox western riding timed event
Template:Infobox western riding timed event has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Andy Mabbett ( Pigsonthewing ); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 22:57, 17 December 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:DialUp


text:
Category:Legal writers

All legal professionals are writers. This category is reserved for those who are particularly noteworthy for their scholarly contributions outside of court documents and opinions — through treatises, books, and notable articles. For example, the memorable judicial opinions of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. do not qualify him for this category; his book, The Common Law, does. This category may also include non-lawyers who nonetheless commonly write on legal topics.

title: Category:Legal writers


text:
File talk:YaquinaBayBridge1.jpg

beautiful pic — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.194.214.194 (talk) 19:06, 17 February 2005 (UTC)
 * thanks! I took quite a few photos from different locations, this one turned out the best. Cacophony 16:44, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)

title: File talk:YaquinaBayBridge1.jpg


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Carla Howell

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 14:50, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Carla Howell
Is this a case of vanity, or notability? Carla Howell, like countless thousands of others around the world, ran for public office and failed. She helped field a ballot measure, which also failed. Is Wikipedia a better place by the inclusion of this article? Why or why not? Discuss amongst yourselves. GRider\talk 19:09, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Keep This one stretches the bounds of notability a bit, but I think she still makes the cut, as the "repeal the income tax" initiative she proposed was reasonably noteworthy for the state of massachusetts (will likely still be discussed in 50 years), she's still active as a libertarian activist, and she'll have a new Political Action Comittee starting up this year. On the other hand, the article for "Michael Cloud", who is in the same general category should possibly be put up for a vote. Eggplant Wizard 20:35, 17 Feb 2005
 * Keep, and expand. 5000 Google hits. Megan1967 00:09, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - David Gerard 23:36, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete members of political parties that have not been in office are not notable enough--nixie 09:22, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Sarge Baldy 09:43, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This should not even be a consideration. Agree or disagree with her views, she is an important player in politics.


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brett ansite

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 10:00, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Brett ansite
Article doesn't establish notablity. Zero hits. Seems to be just another youngster marking his territory on Wikipedia. Niteowlneils 19:10, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Either vanity or non-verifiable original research.  GRider\talk 20:20, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pure and simple vanity. -R. fiend 21:21, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'm sure that "Oregon is a mighty place, and indeed it is green". But meeting "some fine people like Zkete, Teembi, Scrooge, Zeus, J-rat, Feesh, and Tally" does not make you notable. Zzyzx11 23:45, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Aw, come on! Surely J-rat at least? -R. fiend 01:39, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - zero google hits, vanity. Megan1967 00:10, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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Category:British legal writers

Legal writers from the United Kingdom.

title: Category:British legal writers


text:
Visvedevas

The visvedevas (विश्वेदेव, ) refers to the designation used to address the entirety of the various deities featured in the Vedas. It also refers to a specific classification of deities in the Puranas. The visvedevas are sometimes regarded as the most comprehensive gathering of the gods, a classification in which no deity is stated to be omitted.

Rigveda
In the Rigveda a number of hymns are addressed to these deities, including (according to Griffith): 1.3, 1.89, 3.54-56, 4.55, 5.41-51, 6.49-52, 7.34-37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 8.27-30, 58, 83 10.31, 35, 36, 56, 57, 61-66, 92, 93, 100, 101, 109, 114, 126, 128, 137, 141, 157, 165, 181.

RV 3.54.17 addresses them as headed by Indra:
 * This is, ye Wise, your great and glorious title, that all ye Deities abide in Indra. (trans. Griffith)

The dichotomy between devas is not evident in these hymns, and the devas are invoked together such as Mitra and Varuna. Though many devas are named in the Rigveda, only 33 devas are counted, eleven of them present each in earth, space, and heaven.

Manusmriti
According to Manu (iii, 90, 121), offerings should be made daily to the visvedevas. These privileges were bestowed on them by Brahma and the Pitri as a reward for severe austerities they had performed on the Himalayas.

Puranas
In later Hinduism, the visvedevas form one of the nine ganadevatas (along with the adityas, vasus, tushitas, abhasvaras, anilas, maharajikas, sadhyas, and rudras). According to the Vishnu Purana and Padma Purana, they were the sons of Vishvā, a daughter of Daksha, described as follows:

 * Vasu
 * Satya
 * Kratu
 * Daksha
 * Kala
 * Kama
 * Dhrti
 * Kuru
 * Pururavas
 * Madravas
 * Rocaka or Locana
 * Dhvani or Dhuri

Mahabharata
The visvedevas are described to have incarnated on earth due to the curse of sage Vishvamitra, as the five sons of Draupadi with the Pandavas - the Upapandavas. They are described to have returned to their original forms after being killed by Ashvatthama at night.

title: Visvedevas


text:
Joey Osbourne

Joey Osbourne is a founding member and drummer for Acid King, Altamont, and The Stimmies. He has also been a drummer for The Men of Porn, Triple X (an X cover band), and for San Francisco punk band The Corruptors. Currently, he is the drummer and backing vocalist for roots rock/dark folk band Saturn Returns, which features ex-members of Lost Goat and Nite After Nite as well as members of Old Grandad and Walken.

title: Joey Osbourne


text:
User talk:Iant

my karma ran over my dogma :(

title: User talk:Iant


text:
User talk:Yelhsa

Test Yelhsa 14:26, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

JavaScript extensions
I'll be glad to help you out. Ask away. Pilaf 19:15, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thanks a lot Pilaf. Want I want to do is this: add a new button to the 'edit this page' page (like the Live Preview one) and then when clicked perform some JavaScript (or another script language if I have to use one [I'd prefer not to]). Yelhsa 20:05, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

Your vote on BJAODN
Hello Yelhsa,

Someone from IP address 80.229.152.246 cast a vote on Wikipedia:BJAODN:The Next Page Title, claiming to be you. The vote was for "The Hitchhiker's Guide to Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense." If this was indeed you, could you please log in and fix the vote to accurately reflect your vote? If it was not you, we will delete the vote from the page, as IP/anonymous votes are not allowed.

Thanks! -- Kevyn (talk) 13:28, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Engadget
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Engadget, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process
 * Unnotable website. Fails WP:WEB and little more than an advertisement for the site.

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because, even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. -- Collectonian  (talk · contribs) 15:26, 16 December 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Engadget
I have nominated Engadget, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Engadget. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. -- Collectonian  (talk · contribs) 21:04, 16 December 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yelhsa