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Talk:Objectivism/Archive 3

Current discussion at Talk:Objectivist philosophy

Hi, I noticed Objectivism has some external links in the article text. I know they are references, but is this proper format? Just asking... --ArcticFrog 14:02, 20 May 2004 (UTC)ArcticFrog

I reverted back to before the most recent deletion of the critiques section. This was already an issue in the past an in interest of consistancy, I think that if it is going to be deleted, it should be discussed here first. Please no edit wars.

- Augur / 66.176.46.28

 * It was discussed here first. Scroll to the bottom of the page. It will be deleted again. Philwelch 21:13, 25 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry but one person saying, "I don't see it elsewhere, so I'm going to delete it. Anyone object? No? Good, done," is not a discussion. And I also objected, therefore his justification of there being no objections is gone. Augur 21:05/est, 28 April 2004

 * Actually read the bottom of the page after you scroll there, okay? There was actual discussion of the issue. It was talked about prior to the final discussion, as was the idea of a separate "Criticisms of Objectivism" page. Philwelch 03:14, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * All relevant portions are below, everything else is moved to Archive2. As you will see, this was discussed between myself and Scottryan, and since we're the two main editors of the article as it stands the decision was at the time unanimous. Being that he and I have added more to this article than nearly anyone else, the decision is pretty much authoritative at this point. You are, of course, more than welcome to create a separate "Criticisms of Objectivism" article and link it up. But you can't just come in here after the fact, having contributed nothing to the article while Scottryan and I have practically rewritten it, and start reversing our decisions. Besides, even if you do object, the vote to remove is still 2-1, that is, the 2 primary editors and contributors to the article versus 1 person who just came in here to start a fight. Philwelch 03:29, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * This would all be good and well, but for the fact that I had done the same thing quite a while ago, and others reverted it, so I think that you two have but a small role in the grand scheme of things. I'm just saying, it was reversed once, on grounds that it was entirely appropriate for the article, and I think that if you're going to try and redelete it, it should be taken up with everyone, not just you two, but also the people who previously reverted it. They might, afterall, come back here and do it, to heck with your consensus. But I'll leave that be.
 * Augur 2004:05:01:22:38

 * You haven't made any logged in edits, and the one logged out edit that was reverted deleted the entire section and replaced it with "Criticism of Objectivism removed for it's lack of actual critique, and the ubiquity therein of appeals to popularity and appeals to authority. The beliefs and opinions of the majority do not make truth nor fact." This was apparently done without consultation on the talk page, and was done unilaterally. It was well within Michael Hardy's rights to do as he did, since he was basically reverting to correct unilateral vandalism. (Edit: It turns out that vandal WAS you, Augur, judging from the IP you gave in your first post.) The decision that Scottryan and I made to remove the section came over the course of days, at the end of which we were in agreement and no one else objected. Given that over the entire history of the article, Scottryan and I have done virtually all the writing that currently appears, and Michael Hardy is the only other significant contributor due to his editing, that made the decision virtually unanimous. No, Augur, it was taken up on this very talk page, which is where the decisions are made in Wikipedia. If we have another vandal come in and re-add it without discussing it with us, we'll deal with that. Philwelch 15:18, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

I have simply added a link and modified the links list a bit to be non-offsite specific. The bickering is pointless. But don't think that because two people agreed to remove the section makes it any less vandalism than what I did. Bilateral vandalism is still vandalism, and populist methodology is far from being true to the articles philosophy. Try to remember that while you may have made the vast majority of the page, you have no rights to it, and so your opinion on who's a significant contributor is irrelevant. This is Wikipedia, not Welchipedia. Free means that I have just as much right to insist further discussion occur before modifying as you do to insist that the past "discussion" was sufficient. If you don't like that, perhaps you shouldn't be on wikipedia. - Augur.

 * If you wanted further discussion to occur before the modification was made, you should have come here on the talk page between the 4th and 24th of April, when it was still under discussion. You did not, and the change was made. If you want to come in here and reverse it, then it's up to you to argue your case and bring the rest of us to consensus. I don't necessarily disagree with the decision to move the criticisms back into the main article, but I do disagree with the manner in which you are doing it, because the manner in which you are doing it is in blatant disrespect for Wikipedia's standard working processes. Coming in here and claiming that we *didn't* follow the procedures of discussion and consensus, as if the two of us just walked in and removed the section (like you did a while ago) is the wrong way to go about this, Augur. Coming in and unilaterally reversing a decision reached on this talk page by consensus is trolling and vandalism--just the same as if you went to the page for Jerusalem and wrote, without any qualification, that Jerusalem was the capital of Israel, ignoring the ongoing dispute over that subject on the talk page. If you're unwilling to go by the rules of consensus and unilaterally make whatever changes you like, maybe you shouldn't be on Wikipedia. Philwelch 19:57, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

 * It should also be noted that the general practice in Wikipedia is to include the criticisms in the article. Simple test: (a)does the sub-article make any damn sense outside the main article? (b) does the main article have at least a paragraph summary of the subarticle, or is it simply someone trying to shove a different point of view off somewhere out of sight? This fails both. As such, I'll be folding the "criticisms of" article back into the main article, where it belongs in short order unless you come up with really convincing reasons why not.

 * The thing is, a workable solution also has to be obviously correct when future editors happen upon the article. This isn't. - David Gerard 13:55, May 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * You make a good argument, and I'm inclined to agree with you. But I resent the implication that someone is trying to shove a different point of view out of sight. It was Scottryan's idea that I came to agree with, and Scottryan and I, as far as I've been able to tell, have radically different points of view as relates to the Objectivist philosophy. You may be right--the sections on criticism may indeed belong in the main article--but if you could have made that argument without implicitly insulting me you probably would have done a better job of convincing me. (On the same note, I apologize for the tone of some of my earlier messages.) Philwelch 19:57, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

 * My apologies - I don't mean to be rude, particularly as you've put a fair bit of good work into the article. I mean to say (and should have above) that sending criticisms off to a separate article is an unfortunately common tactic of people attempting to wish away a different POV. Generally, the criticism comes with the main article. - David Gerard 22:52, May 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * See below. As Phil Welch has correctly indicated, scooting the criticisms off to a separate page is hardly an attempt to bury an opposing POV. On the contrary, I'm a published critic of Rand/Objectivism myself and I came to suspect that a separate entry is the only way to do the criticisms justice (just as I came to think a massive rewrite of the original article was the only way to do Objectivism itself justice).

 * However, this isn't a cause over which I'm even remotely tempted to enter into mortal combat; I posted the excised portions here precisely so that recycling that stuff would be easy for anybody who turned out to disagree with me and Phil. Scottryan 01:56, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Massive rewrite?

Scottryan suggests a massive rewrite. The article as it is is both long (far longer than, for instance, Kantianism or Platonism, which is an absurdity) and despite its length, not very good. It also seems to fall a bit short in the NPOV department. My idea of sticking in a few points, which got reverted, was not a very good way of addressing the problem, but something ought to be done. It doesn't read like a reputable encyclopedia entry. Gene Ward Smith 19:15, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The Ayn Rand article contains a better and much shorter discussion of Rand's ideas. It ought to be possible to fix this page along those lines. Gene Ward Smith 19:32, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * So? Wikipedia's article on Mr. T is longer than our articles on a lot of serious scientific subjects. It's simply because Wikipedia develops in a peculiar manner. Ideally, more information should be added to the Kant and Plato articles. Information shouldn't be removed from this article. Philwelch 23:54, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I've integrated the link to the "criticism" article more elegantly into the article and made it prominent enough in the main text that it wouldn't look like anyone's pushing away a separate POV. (It's unusual to mix together external and internal links, Augur, just for future notice). Rhis should satisfy that concern. As to the rationale for making it a separate article, Scott has made a better argument than I could. Keep in mind that Objectivism is a complete, comprehensive philosophy, while say, logical positivism has a smaller scope. This means that there will be so many more criticisms of Objectivism, as one can criticize the metaphysics, or the epistemology, or the ethics, or the politics, while logical positivism isn't all that much more than a single, well-expanded-upon argument. Criticisms of Objectivism are substantial enough to rate their own article, criticisms of logical positivism are not. Philwelch 02:10, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

 * On the other hand, criticisms of logical positivism made up a large part of the philosophical work of the 50s, 60s, and 70s. Whereas criticisms of Objectivism have made relatively little impact in the field of philosophy at large. Snowspinner 02:19, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

As for the views of other philosophers -- okay, no need to include them. If they belong at all (as perhaps they do not), they belong in the section of criticisms, not the main exposition. Possibly (and quite arguably) there should be a separate entry for critiques of Objectivism and this entry should be _solely_ devoted to exposition.

Scottryan 14:32, 4 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I've cleaned up the 'links' section and added several links to specific critiques. My next (and final) step, unless I hear an objection before I get around to doing it, will be to rewrite the section on 'critiques of Objectivism'.

Scottryan 12:15, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I've looked at other Wikipedia entries on philosophers and philosophies, and none of them seem to contain sections corresponding to the 'Criticisms of Objectivism' section in this one. Some of them, e.g. 'logical positivism, do contain sections of 'criticism', of course. But the one in this entry seems to be mainly concerned with _defending_ Objectivism against criticism, and in any case doesn't include anything like a representative sampling of critical viewpoints.

I suspect this section doesn't belong in the entry at all; if somebody wants to read criticism of Objectivism and responses thereto, the external links I've added seem to do the job just fine. Anybody have any opinions about whether to remove it?

Scottryan 14:49, 19 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I've been thinking along the lines of making a separate "Criticisms of Objectivism" article, but deletion is okay too. Philwelch 15:39, 19 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * I like the idea of a separate article and made a similar suggestion a bit further up the page. I think that's probably the best way to go. But I'll wait a day or two before removing that section in case anybody else wants to weigh in. Scottryan 02:00, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Hearing no objections, I have removed the 'Criticism' section. I don't think it belongs under this entry, but a separate entry on the subject might be helpful. For reference and in case anybody wants to recycle it, here's what I excised:

Criticisms of Objectivism
'' Consider: The following criticisms include appeals to popularity fallacies. Just because many forms of humanist philosophies and Abrahamic religions hold something to be true does not make it such. Much the same, just because Objectivism holds something to be true does not mean that it is. Consider the reasoning behind the arguments, and keep in mind the logical fallacies you might encounter. ''

Ayn Rand writes "Man - every man - is an end in himself, not a means to the ends of others; he must live for his own sake, neither sacrificing himself to others nor sacrificing others to himself; he must work for his rational self-interest, with the achievement of his own happiness as the highest moral purpose of his life."

Many forms of humanist philosophy, and most of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, hold this belief to be immoral. Both humanists and most members of the Abrahamic faiths hold that people must not live for their own sakes, and that morality calls for people to sometimes sacrifice themselves for others. (It is far from clear, however, that proponents of such views use the word/concept "sacrifice" in its Randian sense. However, Rand did view, for instance, Christ giving up his life, according to Christianity, to be a true sacrifice, as it sacrificed an ideal man for the sake of nonideal men. Another claim at issue is simply that a moral person finds or achieves at least some of his or her own "values" through benefitting others. Objectivism largely agrees with this issue, and Rand herself even stated, for instance, that she would step in the way of gunfire to protect her husband, and that this was rational and selfish because she could not bear to live without him..)

Some critics, including Nathaniel Branden, claim that some influential promoters of Objectivism (including the Ayn Rand Institute) tend to diametrically oppose its stated tenets, promoting "individualism" as conformity to the words and writings of Ayn Rand. This is the context in which most critics of Objectivism and of certain Objectivist organizations criticize the theory of evasion, or its practical application. This is usually stated not as an objection to Objectivism itself (Nathaniel Branden still identifies himself as an Objectivist) but as an objection to the misinterpretation of Objectivism.

Finally, a great number of political and philosophical currents challenge the ethics of Objectivism on utilitarian grounds. They define a moral society as one that provides the maximum good for the maximum number of people, claiming that some initiation of force or altruism is necessary to achieve that end.

Other political critics of Objectivism criticize it based upon their interpretation of the history of the 19th century in the United States, which they viewed as true capitalism. (Others have responded by stating that even in the 19th century the United States did not have a pure capitalist system, and that the facts and interpretations thereof used by opponents of capitalism are flawed.) Other critics attempt to refute Rand's separation of economics and state by pointing to the differences between religion (which is a personal matter) and economics (which concerns society as a whole). This critique is based upon the unstated premise that religion does not concern society as a whole while economics similarly does not concern people on an individual basis.

Many anarcho-capitalists view Objectivism's principle of noninitiation of force to contradict with Objectivism's insistence on a monopoly of government, claiming that initiation of force would be necessary in order to maintain such a monopoly. Some Objectivists counter by citing the right to secession, which is valid under Objectivism.

As of 2004 there appear to have been few attempts to criticize Rand's epistemology systematically. In one such attempt, Objectivism and the Corruption of Rationality: A Critique of Ayn Rand's Epistemology (2003), Scott Ryan criticizes Rand's defense of reason from a vantage point of more or less Blanshardian rationalism. Ryan maintains that Rand was in fact defending only a greatly weakened conception of reason and points out what he believes to be a number of inconsistencies (and areas of incompetence) in her epistemology. (Among other things, he takes her to task for what he describes as her misunderstanding of the problem of universals, which has throughout the history of philosophy been regarded as a problem not of epistemology but of metaphysics.) Greg Nyquist's Ayn Rand Contra Human Nature is less specifically focused on epistemology but takes Rand to task from a more "empiricist" foundation.

Scottryan 00:42, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I think that a section discussing objections to objectivism would be reasonable in this article. First of all, objectivism has something of a credibility gap in the academy - Ayn Rand isn't really seen as a reputable philosopher, and so criticisms of her are in some ways more important than, say, of Spinoza, because one of the pressing questions about Rand is why she's not taught.

The other thing is that Objectivism is a popular movement in a way in which a lot of philosophy isn't - this also distinguishes it, and should probably be discussed. Snowspinner 23:22, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

 * These are good points and they do indicate that a section of criticisms might be appropriate within the article. But they're also good arguments for a separate entry on criticisms of Objectivism (and I say that as one of its critics, not as someone who's trying to get opposing viewpoints shoved off the page). Then, too, the article had grown to a length of nearly 34K; as I worked on it, I was getting wikiwarnings suggesting that it be cleft in twain.

 * At any rate I do think the excised section needs some massive rewriting, and having just done a major top-to-bottom rewrite/expansion of the entire rest of the article, I'm not going to do it myself at the moment. If somebody else wants to put it back in, feel free; that, as I indicated above, is why I saved the parts I cut out. Either way, I'll probably make some attempt to tweeze that section in a couple of weeks if nobody else has gotten around to it by then. Scottryan 01:47, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I typically take the length warning to mean that it should be broken up into subsections using the == header tags. Since those can be edited separately, it solves the length problem. There are plenty of far longer articles. I tend to like having everything in one article instead of spin-off articles, which do have the effect of shunting criticism off to other pages. Snowspinner 02:00, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

 * If length had been the only consideration, I'd agree entirely in this case as well. In the final analysis I think there are two apparently feasible ways to go: (1) a short section summarizing some criticism of Objectivism and linking to a separate article that presents them in more detail and depth; (2) a longer section in _this_ article that does that job.

 * The current version of that section doesn't do the job either way. Except for its final paragraph (which I wrote), it reads as though proponents and opponents of Objectivism have edited it back and forth trying to win arguments against each other. As it stands, the section doesn't present a good overview of the range of critical responses to Objectivism; it focuses on a very narrow range of limited-scope issues and doesn't give a fair and informative summary of either side. Rand has been criticized on grounds that include her style, her scholarship, her lack of originality, her understanding of other philosophers, and -- most importantly for philosophical purposes -- the success or otherwise of her attempt to construct a positive philosophy (which according to Rand herself was not only, or even primarily, a theory of politics). Almost none of this is represented in the section as it stands (which is one major reason why I added all the offsite links to articles critical of Objectivism in various respects).

 * Nor does the current section do justice to the sources of such criticism. My own article on the secondary literature of Objectivism, published in the Transactions of the C.S. Peirce Society last year, ran to twenty-one pages. I certainly don't think an encyclopedia entry has to list every one of the items I discuss in my literature review, but it would be nice if it at least mentioned the top six-to-ten and gave some indication what they were about. (By the way, if anybody else wants to tackle a rewrite job before I get around to it and thinks my literature review might be helpful, I'll be happy to email you an electronic copy.)

 * I don't have anything much at stake on the question whether to incorporate a revised section of criticisms into the article itself or break it out and link to it as a separate entry. Despite a mild preference for a separate entry, I'm happy with it either way, and even if I weren't, it's not just up to me. However, if you agree that the section needs some rewriting, I do suggest that it receive that rewriting _before_ (or _as_) it gets reincorporated into the article. I won't have time/energy to do that job myself for a week or two, but I'm willing to do it if no one else has gotten around to it by then.

 * Scottryan 12:10, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

Hey, I just realized (while tweaking the criticisms section) that there's no section on Rand's _esthetics_ (_The Romantic Manifesto_ and all that). Here again, I'll write one in the future if nobody else gets around to it in the meantime.

Scottryan 12:44, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

All right, here's what I've done. I dug out my article and pulled out all the information on works critical of Rand/Objectivism, trimmed down my own comments and reorganized the list a bit, and stuck the result into the 'Criticism' section as a bibliography.

For the purposes of this entry there's no particular reason why the works need to be divided according to their pre- and post-humousness with respect to Rand, so if anybody wants to resort them, be my guest. I think I've been reasonably careful not to include any POV problems but if you spot any, go right ahead and remove them. (Pay particular attention to the entry for my own book, where you will naturally entertain the most suspicions about my objectivity.)

It might also be worth considering whether this list of sources would be better placed in the 'Criticism' entry rather than here. Again, feel free.

(Oh -- and if there are any works that should be taken out or added, have at it, of course.)

Scottryan 15:33, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

I like Snowspinner's solution.

Scottryan 22:48, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Incidentally, I can spell. Really. I promise. Snowspinner 22:49, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

I really like what's been done. The critiques could still use more fleshing out, but this is turning into a spectacular article--this and the bibliography. Philwelch 03:54, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Glad you like it. Yeah, I think it's turning out well (and I agree that some work on the criticisms section would be nice). Scottryan 14:18, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I think this page needs a substantially shorter intro and breaking up of the dense text with subsections - its a very long article. At the moment it is quite hard to read and is unlikely to interest the casual reader, despite substantial content.

 * Obviously, it depends who you are targeting the article at, but at the moment it's won't enlighten those who aren't specifically looking for further information building on what they already know.

 * Perhaps I am just being Philistine, but I do have a strong interest in philosophy and these were my impressions of the current article. -- EuroTom 13:56, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Nonetheless, hacking it into pieces is not the right solution. It's over 34k, yes, but that's why we have subsections. As for readability, I will say that while Scottryan added a lot more information to the article, he did so at the cost of readability. I appreciate his additions, but it could use another all-out rewrite. Keep in mind, however, that Objectivism is a heavily substantial topic that will lead to a content-heavy article. Philwelch 23:08, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

"Rand is also criticized for supposed inaccuracies in her accounts of history. She claims that the economic system in the United States during the 19th century is an example of true capitalism, for example -- a claim that many would dispute."

This is simply not true. Ayn Rand said that the 19th century was the closest the United States came to “true” capitalism – a very different claim. --GreedyCapitalist 21:24, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)

private property vs capitalism unclear
i don't know if the following problem is an intrinsic problem of objectivism or whether it's a lack of clarity which could be improved by making the wording less ambiguous.

Indeed, on the Objectivist account, one of the corollaries of the right to life is the right to property, i.e., to the disposition of the product of one's own effort; on this view, one person's right to life cannot entail the right to dispose of the products of another's effort.

This seems to me to say that an individual human being should not own property which is the product of another's effort, e.g. you can own a house and a garden but not an organisation, since an organisation is due to many people's efforts.

''On the Objectivist account, the rights of other human beings are not of direct moral import to the agent who respects them; they acquire their moral purchase through an intermediate step. An Objectivist respects the rights of other human beings out of the recognition of the value to himself or herself of living in a world in which the freedom of action of other rational (or potentially rational) human beings is respected.''

OK, it's rather solipsistic, but at least this paragraph seems to me internally consistent.

''According to Objectivism, then, one's respect for the rights of others is founded on the value, to oneself, of other persons as actual or potential trading partners. Here is where Objectivism's claim about conflicts of interest attains its full significance: on the Objectivist view, it is precisely because there are no (irresoluble) such conflicts that it is possible for human beings to prosper in a rights-respecting society.''

OK, let's suppose that this is true regarding absence of irresolvable conflicts.

''Objectivist political theory therefore defends capitalism as the ideal form of human society. Objectivism reserves the name "capitalism" for full laissez-faire capitalism...''

Here is what i don't understand. There are 6 billion of us. If there is no collective property, and the only property considered morally acceptable is by individuals based on their personal efforts, then AFAIK there cannot be much accumulation of capital - certainly not on the scale to build aeroplanes or train lines or electricity generating and distributing systems, since any of these involve property which is the cumulative effort of many people, and since no collective property is allowed, nor ownership of property due to other people's efforts, these collective systems cannot exist in the model - at best there can be small, tribal-level, agricultural communities of 30-40 people as in '60s self-sufficient-back-to-nature experimental communities. In fact, even any sort of building beyond the size of a family house would have to be abandoned, since otherwise there would be either collective property or private property based on other people's efforts.

In any case, AFAIK, laissez-faire capitalism
 * encourages the accumulation of capital way beyond what any individual has created through his/her own efforts, and
 * it does not ban inheritance from one's parents
 * encourages the setting of prices by bargaining power, not by rational interests
 * it encourages the existence of companies with much more than one employee, i.e. where there is a collective form of property due to the collective efforts of many people in the company - the fact that one individual may own this property, or that a bunch of people, many of who did not contribute effort in producing the property, nevertheless do dispose of the products of another's effort to a very great extent, which is earlier stated to be contrary to objectivism.

So i don't understand the link between private property related to one's personal efforts and capitalism - the term private property in capitalism certainly can mean individual property gained from one's own efforts in production, but also means individual property gained by dominating others, by manipulating others, and/or by using one's claimed or real superiority over others, and it also means property owned collectively by a group or network of people which decides things secretly and is not subject to elections or any other form of democratic participation by the people contributing the efforts to that property...

It seems to me that objectivism, at least as explained here, is appropriate for hippy communities of 30-40 people, but not for a 6 billion member society.

Anyway, if this is an intrinsic self-contradiction in objectivism, then IMHO there's nothing to be changed in the article; on the contrary, if i've misunderstood, then maybe someone might want to make a clarification.

Boud 01:30, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Yeah, your main misunderstanding is that Objectivism has nothing against creating wealth by collective effort. However, all that wealth does end up with individual owners thanks to contracts and trade. If I hired 2000 people to design and build airplanes, those people could consent to provide their services to me for a price. I would pay that price and thus buy from them the fruits of their effort. This is an elementary explanation--more detailed explanations can be given for more complicated situations. Philwelch 09:38, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the response, but in that case IMHO there is a correction to be made. Instead of one person's right to life cannot entail the right to dispose of the products of another's effort., there should be the phrase one person's right to life cannot entail the right to dispose of the products of another's effort, unless the products of another's effort are transferred by contract and/or trade. Boud 01:18, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I took the opportunity to expand that section. Thanks! Philwelch 02:43, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks, i modified your change a bit to make the logical relation clearer. i also added what i guess is probably intended in objectivism, that the receiving/giving of one's property is carried out under a contract with no coercion. I admit i'm only guessing here - but if objectivism says nothing about this, then it's a big weakness. In the real world, most transfers of the products of one's effort are traded under various forms of coercion, some more subtle, some more obviously manipulative, some overtly violent. Boud 15:22, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Neutrality
As this article clearly lacks a detailed section on criticism of the "philosophy" such as bashing of environmentalists (tree-huggers), ignorance of social welfare (monopolies are there because some firms are just better), etc., I added a note about a neutrality dispute. Get-back-world-respect 11:47, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * "Bashing environmentalists" is not a tenet of the philosophy. This is something that a proponent of the philosophy might do, in which case your criticism would belong in the article on that person.  Objectivism is also not "ignorant of social welfare" (a claim that is inherently POV), it describes one particular view of social welfare and pointing out that it differs from other views on the subject is redundant.  Your neutrality dispute is out of line.Ubernetizen 18:56, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Generally advocates of Objectivism have held that we should keep the environment clean because we humans need that, and condemned those environmentalists who have appealed to supposed rights of Nature (in its extreme form the latter have said that we humans should exterminate ourselves as a species in order to protect Nature from our depredations). Michael Hardy 19:35, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't think his POV concern is out of line at all. There are debates (some quite heated) over objectivism in general, and Rand in specific, this is hardly represented by the sections in the wikipedia article.  All the links here are "pro" Objectivism (until I added 2, which took me all of 2 seconds to find on Google.)  There is absolutely no sense of debate to the level that it exists. -Vina 20:10, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The purpose of an encyclopedia entry for a particular philosophy is an explanatory one; it should describe what the philosophy is and put it into context. It is not the place for an extensive debate about the merits of the philosophy or its adherents, and the article needn't catalogue every single criticism - indeed, such a task would be impossible.  If he wants to add something, let him, but POV objections should be reserved for faulty wording or bias (e.g., stating an opinion as fact or expressing value-judgments), not the failure of an article that is, after all, about Objectivism to list all the non-Objectivist views which oppose it and/or criticisms leveled at Rand herself. I believe his POV objection is inappropriate.  Ubernetizen 23:32, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * As the article has a section about criticism but that does not cover criticism neutrally, the neutrality of the whole article is questionable.
 * Relating environmentalists to people who want to "exterminate ourselves as a species in order to protect Nature from our depredations" is exactly the kind of bashing "tree-huggers" I was thinking about when I mentioned that Objectivists are often criticized.
 * As much as Scientology or Socialism have sections about criticism of how they are practised, this article should have this as well. Get-back-world-respect 14:17, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you didn't follow the link to the bibliography-of-objectivism page, where criticisms of Objectivism are well represented. I originally posted that bibliography under the Objectivism entry, and it was moved (by Snowspinner, for what I think were good and cogent reasons) to a new entry. My own view is that the old 'criticisms' section should at that point have been deleted altogether, but others apparently disagree and I don't intend to press the issue.
 * In general, as regards the alleged neutrality problems, bear in mind that the article isn't supposed to do anything but summarize what Objectivism says. I massively rewrote it a few months ago to do precisely that, and I am not by any stretch of the imagination an Objectivist myself; in fact I'm the author of a book highly critical of Rand and her epistemology and I disagree with many of the points summarized in what I wrote. This isn't the place to argue about them; corrections here should be limited to corrections about what Objectivism says, not about whether Objectivism is right to say those things.
 * As for property rights not entailing the right to dispose of the property of others: this is accurate as it stands, although it's helpful to have the additional comment (thanks, Philwelch) elaborating on freedom of contract. That is, it's correct that according to Objectivism, the right to property does not itself entail the right to dispose of others' property; the fact that we can acquire such rights via contract is another matter.--Scottryan 15:52, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * GBWR, there IS a criticism section - what specific passages within or without it do you consider not neutral?? Blanket statements will not suffice.  You do not have grounds to challenge its neutrality simply because the article does not reflect your own bias enough.  If you want to add something go right ahead, but the neutrality dispute is unwarranted.  Which leads me to my next question, which is: are you planning to make any contributions yourself?  Since the NPOV dispute is meant to be a temporary measure, I think it behooves you to state what your intentions are. Ubernetizen 22:48, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I think GBWR's point is that having an unrepresentatively narrow range of criticisms in that section somehow calls into question the neutrality of the entire article.
 * I tend to agree with the underlying point (that the criticism section, if included, should more adequately reflect the full range of criticisms that have been levelled against Objectivism) and I've already made my attempt to deal with that problem.
 * I tend to disagree that the present shortcomings of that section somehow reflect badly on the entire piece (especially since I'm personally responsible for the majority of the rewriting of the rest of it, and for the bulk of the content now posted on the bibliography page, which I lifted from my own article in the Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society).
 * As Ubernetizen says, the proper Wikipedia-spirited thing to do with a section you think isn't adequate (or 'neutral') is to do what I did with the entire rest of the entry: git off yer duff and rewrite it instead of tagging the entire entry with a disputed-neutrality flag.
 * At the very least, even if you don't feel competent to edit that part of the entry yourself, shouldn't your neutrality flag be limited to the criticisms section?--Scottryan 15:29, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

It's been two weeks since I posted my last comment here, and I haven't seen anything further from Get-back-world-respect on the subject of neutrality (although there's an edit by GBWR dated 11 August). So far, every specific feature of the article that GBWR has complained about has been addressed, either by editing the article or by (my) pointing out that there's a broad-spectrum sample of criticism available on the 'bibliography of Objectivism' page.

May I infer that the neutrality of this article is not in dispute any longer? Or am I justified only in inferring that GBWR doesn't plan to do or say anything further about it? Either way, I think it's long past time to remove the neutrality-dispute warning.

Please note that I haven't done so yet. In the interests of consensus, I'd rather not do it unilaterally until GBWR's concerns -- whatever they are -- have been addressed. But I will do it unless GBWR, or someone else who still disputes the article's neutrality and is willing to say why, speaks up on the subject. (I think we can safely assume that the neutrality of any article on Objectivism will always be 'disputed' by somebody somewhere; such news isn't worthy of posting unless the dispute is backed by substantive reasons not already dealt with.)

--Scottryan 22:51, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree Scott, and was just about to post something similar. GBWR has had ample time to either make changes or respond to my question about what specifically he finds biased in favor of Objectivism.  That he has chosen to do nothing indicates to me that he just wants to bitch. Ubernetizen 00:03, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Additions to criticisms of political theory
From a conservative standpoint, objectivism may assert the superiority of capitalism over fascism or communism, yet Rand's objectivism fails to express the appropriateness of subordinating oneself to the supremely un-individualistic discipline of armed forces in defense of capitalism, let alone risking one's life or crippling injury in defense of capitalism id such is contrary to one;s economic and personal interests.

I don't have any quotes at hand, but I believe Rand's position on this issue would be that the right social system (capitalism) is as essential to man's life and the realization of his values as is the overarching principle of liberty, and it is therefore in his rational self-interest to voluntarily contract with a collective unit (this choice an act of individualism) and physically defend the system even if it means risking his life (which would be effectively rendered worthless without it). The idea is famously summed up by Patrick Henry's exhortation: "Give me liberty or give me death!"

 * That's essentially correct. Along the lines of that Henry quote, she regarded voluntary military service as a way of self-interestedly taking personal responsibility for the preservation of the sort of society one wanted to live in; see e.g. her speech at West Point, collected in Philosophy: Who Needs It. As Ubernetizen implies, the assumption of the risk of injury or death would therefore not, in Rand's view, have been against one's real interests. (Mind you, I'm saying nothing one way or the other about whether her position was correct or adequate -- just confirming that this was in fact her position.) --Scottryan 14:22, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Rand's objectivism also denies the possibility that collective interests dovetail with the personal interests of most.

Most is not all, and complusory enforcement of collective interests takes away the individual's power to choose, which is an objective requirement of an active life and the source of all morality. As far as public health risks stemming from contagious diseases are concerned, Rand would probably favor strictly limited state intervention in such cases, but that's just a guess. Ubernetizen 10:37, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The primary problem with the original statement is that Rand would not have accepted this way of putting it; she denied that there was such a thing as a 'collective interest' (other than as a sum of individual interests). It's not right to characterize her position as a denial of the possibility that collective interests dovetail with anyone's personal interests. What she actually held was that all genuine interests are 'personal' interests, and that among rational agents such interests can generally be reconciled. See most especially her essay 'The "Conflicts" of Men's Interests', collected in The Virtue of Selfishness. (Again, I'm neither attacking nor defending this view, just noting that it was Rand's.) I don't know precisely what she would have said about government intervention to protect from contagion, but Ubernetizen's speculation is probably right; at least, she held similar opinions regarding e.g. exposure to pornography.--Scottryan 14:22, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree, and by "collective interests" I only meant the sum of individual interests that are opposed to that of the lone individual in question. Glad you cleared up any confusion.  Ubernetizen 21:41, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Those recent additions to the 'criticism' section are just the sort of thing I find worrisome. My preference (which I've tried to follow in my own edits to that section) is that any criticisms stated in this section be accompanied by references or links that give information about who has levelled the criticisms. Too much of what has historically occupied this section has consisted of pet gripes that, frankly, don't reflect an understanding of Objectivism adequate to support a genuine disagreement; the effect has been that the section looks like it's been edited back and forth by people arguing (and not always very competently) about Objectivism itself rather than trying to provide solid information about significant criticisms.

If this section is going to remain as part of the main entry, it shouldn't be, and shouldn't look like, a forum for disputes about Objectivism.--Scottryan 14:36, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree wholeheartedly. The criticisms section should, in my mind, cover the major general disagreements between Objectivism and other recognized philosophies.  It should not be a dumping ground for personal arguments that take the form of "Objectivism fails in this," or "Objectivism doesn't say anything about that," etc.  To be fair, I thought I'd try to address the user's comments in a way that resolved those issues to his satisfaction before taking any other action; I do however feel the additional comments should be removed from the article.  Ubernetizen 21:42, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Here's my opinion for whatever it's worth. First of all: the entire section on the Peikoff/Kelley split is reproduced under the entry for Leonard Peikoff. It doesn't need to be in both places; I think this entry could be shortened by deleting that entire section and inserting a sentence like 'For information on schisms in the Objectivist movement after Ayn Rand's death, see. . . ' I also think the few short paragraphs on 'Criticisms of Objectivism' could be similarly deleted, with a similar link ('Objectivism has been subjected to a broad range of criticism. For information, see . . . ') to the bibliography page.

As I mentioned a few months ago, this article still needs a section on Rand's aesthetic theory. If no one else gets around to writing it, I'll do it eventually, but that will take up yet more space in an article already 34K+ long. Removing those two sections will free up at least a little bit of space.

I won't chop them out myself; I'll leave that for someone (if anyone) who agrees with me to do after it's further discussed here.

--Scottryan 17:59, 25 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Note that I added half a paragraph criticising Objectivism from a conservative standpoint (traditional patriotism in defense of a good, if flawed, society from a far greater evil, and another from a once-progressive standpoint, that of protecting people completely unable to avoid the abuse or compulsion of others (children) against those who would exploit or abuse them. Only out of altruism, a concept that Rand certifiably loathed, do children receive any protection from any people other than close relatives. Likewise, one can conceivably have a conflict between protecting the public from a contagious and dreadful disease (let's say, tuberculosis) and continuing a lucrative career as a singer who can spread the disease through one's work.

 * I concur with Ubernetizen's points below, but I'll add a couple comments of my own. On the protection of children: Rand's definition of 'altruism', which I agree was flawed, does not match the one on which you're relying here. It may be correct to say that only out of what you (and I) mean by 'altruism' do children receive such protection, but it's not a correct description of what Rand meant -- and this sort of 'altruism' is not the sort she 'certifiably loathed'; she wouldn't have regarded (non-'sacrificial') benevolence toward children as 'altruism'. As for your contagion conflict, whether it's conceivable or not isn't the point; the point is that your characterization of it, in your addition to the criticisms section, is not one Rand would have accepted and therefore is not a correct account of what Objectivism says. If your point is that Objectivism doesn't give an adequate account of the balancing of such interests, then make it by citing a critic who raises it, not by mounting an argument (which, as Ubernetizen says, is inappropriate here) and mischaracterizing Rand's views in the process.--Scottryan 11:53, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * In my opinion, as the introducer of the contested passage, Rand's objectivism is the assertion of selfishness as an unqualified virtue so long as it does not lead to outright force. It is hard to see in her writings any statement that, although she strongly approves of capitalism over collectivistic tyrannies that that life under nazism, communism, or fascism would be intolerable, nothing precludes one from deciing on one's own that if one sees oneself particularly valuable that one can arrange things so that someone else assumes the risks of the battle for one's own freedom. In short, it is acceptable if others die or are crippled, but not if such things happen to oneself. Government has the veto power to decide that one cannot make such an insular decision with impunity.

 * Fine -- then cite a source that notes a discrepancy/conflict between Rand's 'egoism' and her (remarkably Kantian) claim that each human being should be treated as an end in himself. (You can use my book if you want; see chapters 12 and 13, where I pretty much beat it to death.) Just don't present it as an argument; present it as one criticism offered by critics of Objectivism. And don't attribute your opinion to Rand in the process. Rand didn't accept the conclusion of your argument; she certainly didn't think it was 'acceptable' for other people to die or be crippled (in this context or any other), and if you didn't find anything in her writings to that effect you didn't look very hard. But the fact that it's hard to characterize her actual position in terms of 'egoism' is a legitimate criticism of Objectivism if it's presented that way. Your way attributes to Rand views she did not hold.--Scottryan 11:53, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * It may be that as a woman then approaching middle age, the sort of person not ordinarily conscripted into an army, during the Second World War that she did not see the "draft dodger" (as opposed to "conscientious objector") argument -- let others do the dying, and I'll save my skin -- as a fallacy. I notice that she made no particular sacrifice during the Second World War despite the ability of the government to find roles for someone of the talents that she claimed to have. She could have well served the United States as a propagandist for the Allies (the Soviet Union obviously excluded) by performing the hack writing then necessary, if contrary to her ideals and esthetic interests. She could have put her writing on hiatus for work in a defense plant as another Rosie the Riveter. She could have served as an orderly in a military hospital. It seems (and I accept correction if true) that she did nothing of the sort to preserve the best of the flawed systems then in existence from the fascist and nazi menace if those menaces would have made her writing irrelevant as well as consigning her to the usual fate of people of her origin under nazi rule?

 * (1) She testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee (against communism/communists) and wrote several pamphlets of pro-U.S./capitalism propaganda. (2) She didn't write all that much specifically about World War II (unsurprisingly, since when it was occurring she was still purely a fiction writer) but she wrote a great deal about the Vietnam War (which took place after she had started writing her nonfiction). In Letters of Ayn Rand you can find a letter she wrote to Doris Gordon (I don't have it at hand or I'd give you a page number) stating that she thought people who publicly opposed the Vietnam War while it was going on were traitors to the U.S. (She generally opposed the U.S.'s entry into the war but held that, once the U.S. had committed to it, it should finish the job.) She opposed the draft, however, and regarded it as the equivalent of slavery (and in her letter to Doris Gordon distinguished between 'conscientious objectors' and 'draft dodgers' in deciding whether each sort should receive amnesty; she thought the former should and the latter shouldn't). For her other writings on the Vietnam War, start with The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution (repackaged with additional contents as The Return of the Primitive). That should be enough to get you started investigating Rand's views on war, conscription, and related subjects. (3) In general she regarded all of her philosophical writings as an intellectual defense of her adopted country, and thus as pro-American 'propaganda' in a sense. The whole point of her nonfiction writings was to make a positive case for capitalism that would serve as an ideological defense against precisely the 'menaces' you name. How well she succeeded is a different question, of course, but it's just plain silly to suggest that she left the job of protecting American society to others or saw nothing wrong with doing so. The legitimate criticism here, if you want to make it in an appropriate fashion, is that her philosophy doesn't provide an adequate foundation for her actual opinions and practice, not that her opinions and practice were those that may have been logically implied by her philosophy.--Scottryan 11:53, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Philosophers cannot be excused for the fault of moral blindness whenever they discuss ethical issues. Rand, claiming to be a philosopher (as well as a novelist) and asserting a moral prescription for society, is not exempt from this criticism.
 * --66.231.40.135 03:51, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Let me try to quickly address your last point: Objectivism as I understand it would hold that those who choose to go off to fight only properly do so to preserve their own values and self-interest.  And so service in armed forces (or in any organization for any cause) should not be understood as a sacrifice by anyone for anyone else.  If, coincidentally, one's actions also happen to protect the self-interest of others, that's simply an unintended consequence.

 * (And if they happen to protect the self-interest of others noncoincidentally -- i.e., by intent -- that's still okay with Rand as long as no 'sacrifice' is involved and it's not done out of a sense of 'duty'. Whether her account of benevolence was adequate is another question, and I think it was not. But that's beside the point here, although if you want to cite a reference you could add a remark about the existence of this criticism.--Scottryan 12:50, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC))

 * More to the point, however...you present an interesting argument but it really doesn't belong in the article. The purpose of this article is simply to answer the question: "What is Objectivism, and in what context does it exist?"  It is not the place to debate its merits.  Accordingly, the Criticisms section should consist of the opposing tenets of other philosophies or worldviews, not a catalogue of every conceivable quarrel.  Your personal opinions about Objectivism are noted.  Ubernetizen 04:28, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * It's also noted that your personal opinions about Objectivism don't seem to be based on any great familiarity with Objectivism or Rand's personal writings. I've heard enough to persuade me that those insertions should be removed, but again, in the interests of consensus, I'll leave that job to someone else rather than perform it unilaterally.--Scottryan 11:53, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Five days with no more word from GBWR or anyone else contesting the article's neutrality -- I've removed the NPOV warning. I haven't altered anything else (yet), and of course if anybody does still think the article's neutrality is in dispute, the warning is easy to reinsert.--Scottryan 22:20, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I made some changes to this article earlier today, adding some information I thought relevant about issues with Objectivism. I (foolishy) did not check the talk page first, and I see that I have stumbled into a very active discussion on just that kind of change. Please look over and edit as appropriate. My apologies if I have managed to reinvent a discarded wheel, so to speak. I also did some work on the Ayn Rand page. --Whooper 29 August 2004

 * My initial take: I'm not sure that, strictly speaking, any criticism of Rand's fiction (as fiction) belongs on a page about Objectivist philosophy. Wouldn't such remarks be more appropriately made on the Ayn Rand page?--Scottryan 23:44, 29 Aug 2004 (UTC)

From sensations to concepts
I changed the original sentence "Sensory perception is considered axiomatically "valid", on the grounds that it is allegedly self-contradictory to deny the efficacy of the senses as sources of genuine knowledge." I remove the word allegedly because the verb "is considered" makes it clear that this is a tenet in Objectivism with which one need not agree. This being the case, it is unnecessarily redundant to call attention to the fact that not everyone agrees with the grounds of that tenet. Also, the word "allegedly" renders the sentence false, because an Objectivist would hardly claim to ground an axiom on an allegation!

 * Blanchette 17:14, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with the change, but I'm curious: how can the earlier version of the statement be both redundant and false? If 'allegedly' is redundant, it adds nothing, and therefore a fortiori can't add anything that changes the truth-value of the statement. Conversely, if it adds something that makes the statement false, it isn't redundant. --Scottryan 11:19, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Paradoxical, isn’t it? It’s gratifying to know someone is paying attention, Scott. I’ll assume that you agree with me that “allegedly” renders the resulting sentence false for the reason I indicated—the bad syntax—and without it the sentence is true.  Then by a strict standard, you are quite right, this could not be a redundant word.  But of course I think the writer’s clear intent was to write something like, “Objectivists consider sensory perception to be axiomatically "valid", on the grounds that it is self-contradictory (or so they allege) to deny the efficacy of the senses as sources of genuine knowledge.” This rewritten sentence removes my objection that the “allege” warning renders the sentence false while displaying the redundancy previously hidden inside the grammatical blunder. I must add that I have been impressed by the quality and objectivity of your contributions.  More on this below under  “New section on Objectivist esthetics”. Blanchette 22:21, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Agreed on all points. In fact I'm the author of the sentence at issue and can confirm that my intent was just as you describe it. Thanks also for your complimentary remarks on my contributions to the article. As you probably know, I wrote the sections summarizing the Objectivist philosophy several months ago, starting nearly from scratch; others -- notably Phil Welch -- have done some helpful editing and rearranging since then, but the meat and bones are intact. I particularly appreciate your remark on my objectivity, since I'm the author of a book highly critical of the Objectivist epistemology; I'm glad to hear that I haven't 'slanted' the content accordingly in what is, after all, supposed to be an expository entry and not a critical one.--Scottryan 11:46, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Edits to Criticisms of Objectivist political theory.
I restored the version of the first paragraph of this section to what it was before 2 Sep 2004.

Perhaps reviser 83.103.230.117 would like to start a separate article on "old left" criticisms of Objectivism. As it stands this article is going over the length guidelines and so adding a long section of his (or her) arguments against Rand based on the theories of Rousseau, Proudhon, and Marx, the last of whom died in 1883 hardly seems relevant. Next we should be treated to a list of every thinker in history who differs with Objectivism in any respect and their main arguments! Perhaps 83.103.230.117 could replace this now-deleted contribution with just one link to a thinker who has written such arguments specifically as a criticism of Objectivism. I wouldn't even object to his plugging his own book (not blog!) on the subject, the way Scott Ryan did regarding his book contra Objectivist epistemology. Failing that, it would appear that 83.103.230.117 is using this article not to enlighten the reader on the subject of Objectivist philosophy, but merely promote his personal political agenda.

Blanchette 18:11, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Anarcho-capitalist critiques. "Finally, proponents of anarcho-capitalism view Objectivism's principle of noninitiation of force as contradicting Objectivism's insistence on a monopoly of government, claiming that initiation of force would be necessary in order to maintain such a monopoly."

It has been awhile since I've read the pertinent literature, but my suspicion is that this is an inadequate characterization of how Murray Rothbard and others of that ilk criticized the O-ist position. I believe they would largely have said that the notion of initiation or non-initiation of force isn't as useful a way of categorizing events as Objectivist (or minarchist) political thought takes it to be. But if I'm wrong, and the above quoted passage IS a fair statement of anarcho-cap objections, can somebody cite me a source to that effect? --Christofurio 18:39, Sep 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * Probably the best known is Roy Childs' open letter to Ayn Rand. Again, all this stuff is collected on the bibliography-of-Objectivism page (to which this article links), and I strongly doubt that it's necessary to try to cram all of it into this article too. Recent activity here has done nothing to alter my opinion that the 'criticisms' section should be deleted (rather than perpetually argued over) and the link to the bibliography page should suffice. (If anybody wants to add other sources/links to that page, it's entirely appropriate, but the format avoids substantive arguments by forcing editors to have sources rather than just opinions.) --Scottryan 12:40, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. The link refreshed my recollection. Anarcho-cap objections are targeted at the notion that the state should have a monopoly on retaliatory force, which is (in O-ist lingo anyway) a sort of tertium quid, neither defensive force nor the initiation of force. I think this article should make that point more clear, if its going to have an objections section at all, but I won't rush into a re-write.  I'll give it some thought.

New section on Objectivist esthetics
I've been threatening to add that section for three or four months (basically, ever since I rewrote the sections on metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and politics), and I finally got around to it. I think it needs to be there for completeness, but I've tried to keep it short without (I hope) omitting anything of really crucial significance. Still, the page is now over 40KB long -- yet another reason to consider excising the criticisms section and referring interested readers to the bibliography page. (Something similar could perhaps be done, by the way, with the section on the Peikoff/Kelley split, which is reproduced verbatim in the entry on Leonard Peikoff. In general, how much does the history of Objectivist schisms contribute to an exposition of Objectivism as a philosophy?) --Scottryan 00:44, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Since Wikipedia is shaped primarily by consensus, let me compliment Scott Ryan’s contribution on Objectivist esthetics. He has focused on the integration of Objectivism’s theory of art with its epistemology, the most crucial philosophical point, and at least indicated its integration with Objectivist ethics by mentioning Romanticism. Well done. If space permits, I think we should add (possibly to the paragraph before the description of Romanticism) a mention of the Objectivist theory of esthetic evaluation, as it is significant that Objectivism grants the possibility of great art based on value judgments Objectivism considers to be false, and this illuminates the meaning of its esthetics. Let’s make room. (See my next comment). --Blanchette 22:33, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks very much for the compliment. --Scottryan 11:34, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Article Length
 * In order to limit the length of “Objectivist philosophy” why not move the section on “Peikoff/Kelley split” and the “Criticisms” section to a new article: “Objectivist movement”.  Such a topic, with its emphasis on the history of Objectivism will make room for more on NBI (Nathaniel Branden Institute), the Rand/Rothbard split, the Rand/Branden split, the influence of Objectivism on the libertarian movement, allegations of cultism, and so on up to the present.  I think the account of the “Criticism of Objectivism” would be vastly improved by naming the critics on such a history page (e.g., name John Robbins and Michael B. Yang under “Religious objections”) rather than, as now, making vague references to what  a “great number of political and philosophical currents” may object to.  I think it is fair to say that if there had been no popular movement inspired by Rand’s Objectivism, there would have been few critics as well. It’s easy enough to find the critics’ names and a sense of the chronology by referring to the Bibliography of work on Objectivism page.

 * On this “Objectivist philosophy” page, in place of the “Criticisms” and “Kelley/Peikoff” topics, we could put a new topic heading, “Legacy of Objectivism” and make a neat summary of the main subjects to be found on the Objectivist movement and Bibliography pages. The Ayn Rand article currently has “Legacy” and “Controversy” subtopics which could also be merged into the “Objectivist movement” article. That would leave space there for coverage of Rand's prolific non-fiction writing in the 25 years between Atlas Shrugged and her death. And we would then have more space here for what users of this article will be seeking first, an account of the philosophy of Objectivism. What do you think? --Blanchette 22:33, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I like this idea a lot, in all its aspects. I vote yes. --Scottryan 11:34, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

FYI...
I don't have time to do it this minute, but in case I forget to ... the Ayn Rand Institute changed their URL system, so the "Essentials of Objectivism" link needs to be fixed. zenohockey 02:48, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Fixed. Thanks for the notice. --Scottryan 11:23, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Minor edit
Forgot to fill in the edit-summary field, so I'll comment here.

I changed 'understanding' (back) to 'knowledge' in a remark about perceptions and concepts (and, less importantly, added emphasis to the words 'that' and 'what'). Whether the possession of a concept constitutes understanding rather than knowledge is open to dispute in general, and at any rate I'm not aware of any point at which Rand unambiguously claimed the former. (If anyone can cite one, I'll stand corrected, of course.) The parallelism as I originally wrote the sentence requires 'knowledge' in both instances anyway -- knowledge that something exists vs. knowledge of what exists -- which, if I'm not mistaken, was Rand's original parallel structure in the portion of ITOE on which I'm relying here. --Scottryan 11:55, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

NPOV?
The article is already long and I added a few comments which make it a trifle longer. However, it seems to me it is a bit unbalanced, as well as excessively verbose. Gene Ward Smith 07:22, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The article is about the Objectivist philosophy. Therefore, its purpose is to explain the Objectivist philosophy. There is a separate "Criticisms" section (which is also relevant), however, something should ideally be an independently published critique for its points to be cited there--it's not a dumping ground for "Wikipedians' critiques of Objectivism". And neither is the main exposition. It might seem biased to Objectivism, but that's only due to a big misreading of the article's purpose. The article's purpose is to explain what the Objectivist philosophy is and why those particular viewpoints are held. It is thus an exposition on what Objectivism is, not what the ultimate true philosophy is (although some Objectivists will claim that Objectivism is the ultimate true philosophy, it would, in fact, be POV for Wikipedia to make that assertion). Philwelch 03:52, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)

You've got a point, but the article as it stands is not very good. What, for instance, is a "distinctively Objectivist form of reasoning"? How can one "reject" the mind-body dicotomy by saying neither mind nor body can exist without the other, which accepts the dichotomy by the very form of that statement? How can Objecitivism be reconciled with scientific knowledge, which ought to be possible given the claims being made about it? Are the claims of Objectivist philosophy themselves knowledge claims, and if so, how was this knowledge obtained? If the universe is infinite, does this mean it doesn't exist?

The article is a mushy mess which doesn't answer the question of what Objectivism is in an very intelligent way, despite its length. Gene Ward Smith 19:01, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The "distinctively Objectivist form of reasoning" is described within the Objectivist epistemology, which is given its due exposition here. The exposition on mind and body is clumsily phrased (the central idea is that mind and body are an integrated whole). And in sum total, I think the article gives a very good exposition of what Objectivism is. The fact that our exposition here fails to address your particular questions shouldn't be taken as as big of a flaw as you suggest.

 * However, it's a long article because it's a detailed exposition of a sophisticated subject. Could it use some more clarity? Yes. As you see higher up on the talk page, questions have been raised here (on the talk page) and answered with more clarification in the exposition. Unfortunately my understanding of Objectivism is incomplete. Otherwise I would be quicker to make the necessary edits. Philwelch 22:39, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I saw nothing distinctively Objectivist in that section; non-Objectivists also rely on sense data and form concepts, but if there is a "distinctively Objectivist" form of reasoning then only or at least primarily Objectivists should be employing it. I'm inclinded to remove the phase. Gene Ward Smith 23:17, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The distinctively Objectivist form of reasoning involves concept formation by means of measurement omission. Objectivists aren't the only ones who apply it--most people, according to Objectivism, form concepts by means of measurement omission. Objectivism is just the only philosophy which explains this in detail. Philwelch 22:55, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Then by your own account, the phrase "distinctively Objectivist form of reasoning" would seem awkward. It isn't a distinct form of reasoning at all, you seem to be saying, but a detailed statement of everybody's reasoning, which is a different matter. I don't see that O-ism is the "only philosophy which explains this..." anyway. Despite differences in terminology, the O-ist account of object formation etc. seems to be essentially what one reads in the "Conception" chapter of William James' text Principles of Psychology written in 1890. --Christofurio 18:33, Nov 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * Right you are, Christofurio. Philwelch 23:29, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * As the editor primarily responsible for the current form of the expository sections, I was about to object to the characterization of the article as 'not very good' and 'a mushy mess' -- but then I saw that the parts Gene Ward Smith was picking out weren't the parts I wrote. I have no idea what a 'distinctively Objectivist' process of reason is (that phrase was added since I last visited the page) and I agree that the phrase should be removed. The bit about the 'mind-body dichotomy' was a carryover from an earlier edit that I simply didn't wish to remove. As for the article's not being 'intelligent', you'll need to take that up with Rand; the exposition here doesn't (and isn't supposed to) do much more than boil down and summarize Rand's own account of her philosophy. I disagree with a great deal of it myself (and have written a book on the subject), but this article isn't the place to post such disagreements and I concur with Phil Welch's remarks on that point. Of course anyone who wants to adjust the exposition for 'clarity' is welcome to do so as long as s/he doesn't sacrifice accuracy in the process. Scottryan 17:14, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I Must Always Litter in the Forest???
To say that Rand regularly misrepresented Kant's philosophy is, one has to say, simply accurate. Whether that is itself important to evaluating her own philosophy is, of course, a matter of one's POV. But to offer, as somehow germane to the misrepresentations, the notion that lots of others have criticized Kant, and this stuff about why "I must always litter in the forest" is logically contradictory, is simply irrelevant. Of course Kant is a fair target for criticisms -- and Kantianism would be a fine place to record them. Its a distraction here.

As to the forest stuff, I'll try to give a bit of a reply on Kant's behalf, just for fun. Kant would say that people who take hikes in the forest do so because they enjoy its pristine quality. Littering once may make no significant impact, but reason requires that we consider the possibility that littering would become a universal law. If we do, we can also see that our act of littering contradicts the very reason why we are in the forest, and that contradiction is a rational basis for the hiker's refraining from the act. --Christofurio 15:42, Nov 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * Rand's claim that Kant was an Idealist is also a gross misrepresentation (or misreading if you like). I would conjecture that she simply did not understand Kant. --Ltbarcly 23:36, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Rejecting materialism?
In the body, at the bottom of the section "Metaphysics: objective reality" it states that objectivism rejects materialism because it (objectivism) rejects a mind-body dichotomy. However, in the article Materialism it states that "In one view, materialism expresses the view that the only thing that exists is matter; if anything else, such as mental events, exists, then it is reducible to matter.". Objectivism seems to be in total agreement with Materialism on this point. I will edit the page as such.

 * Objectivism as stated by Rand rejects materialism. At no point does it state that "mental events [are] reducible to matter". However, it appears that this has been clarified in the text. Philwelch 03:26, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * It is improper to simply say "This philosophy rejects Materialism". If it does, in fact, reject materialism, then it must be in some way incompatible with it.  To simply make the assertion is to reject rationalism, as it is argument by authority only.  Since Objectivism claims to be rational, then it must either be incompatible, through views inconsistent with it, or not.  If it is not inconsistent with materialism then it might agree with some points and be silent with regards to others or be entirely silent with regards to it.--Ltbarcly 23:21, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Primacy of consciousness
How can Kant and Descartes be associated with the view that, as the article puts it, "one could (in principle) be conscious exclusively and merely of one's self"? Kant, for one, says exactly the opposite. I woud like to delete this from the article, but if it's something Rand actually said, then it should stay in but with a quote. Does anyone know whether that is the case? Slim 01:03, Nov 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree, Rand generally does not make accurate claims with regards to Kant. A reading of Kant cannot support this.  I believe that the the text of the article should reflect this fact, as in "Rand contended that Descartes and Kant believed such and such, though this view with regard to Kant cannot be supported by his writings."--Ltbarcly 23:25, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * As I understand it, Rand's reading of Kant was that Kant claimed that the function of consciousness is to create the objects of consciousness; that is, that the apparent objects of sensory awareness are not actually what we are aware of, but instead we are aware only of the result of some mental process (perhaps initiated by something impinging on us from an external world). So all apparent objects of sensory consciousness are mirages. Also that Kant held that all human consciousness create the same sort of mirages, so, at least to Kant we would all appear to be equally conscious of the same fantasy.  (However, later philosophers that different classes of people create different cognative illusions according to their race, economic class or other.) Also that Kant held that there is another form of knowledge possible, not through the senses, but through emotions, and this emotional source tells us what is right and wrong (in particular, tells us that duty is right). --Gyrae 06:28, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Objectivism/Archive 3


text:
Category:Schools in North Yorkshire

Schools located in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Schools in North Yorkshire


text:
Howard Tayler

Howard V. Tayler (born February 29, 1968, in Florida) is the creator of the webcomic Schlock Mercenary. He worked as a volunteer missionary for the LDS Church, then graduated from Brigham Young University. Using his degree in music composition, he started an independent record label.

While working at Novell, Tayler began online publication of Schlock Mercenary. He quit his job at Novell several years later in order to work on the webcomic full-time. Schlock Mercenary has been nominated multiple times and won the Web Cartoonists' Choice Awards in two different categories, and the webcomic has been nominated four times for a Hugo Award.

Tayler spends time regularly during the week drawing at a local comic book and gaming store, as well as producing a weekly writing tips podcast called Writing Excuses with fellow authors Brandon Sanderson, Dan Wells, Mary Robinette Kowal, and producer Jordan Sanderson. The podcast has been nominated for a Hugo Award in 2011, 2012 and has won in 2013.

Early life
Tayler was born in Florida. In 1985, he moved to Utah (his home as of 2020) to attend Brigham Young University. After studying there for two years, he volunteered to be a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) before returning to BYU to finish a bachelor's degree in Music Composition.

Career
Tayler co-founded an independent record label called Sanctus Records for the LDS market. Tayler also worked for Novell as a project manager, he co-authored a guide to administering GroupWise.

In 2000, he began publishing his webcomic, Schlock Mercenary. Four years later, Tayler left his job as product line manager at Novell to work full-time on the webcomic. By 2009, he was able to earn enough from the sales of the compilation books and other merchandise to make ends meet and reduce his weekly workload from 80–100 hours to 40–50.

He was a guest of honor at many genre conventions, including Balticon, CONduit, LepreCon, and Life, the Universe, & Everything. His wife, Sandra, is also a published author.

Schlock Mercenary volume 20 finished in July 2020, and since then Tayler's career has been slowed by health challenges. In May 2024 he attributed his chronic fatigue to long COVID.

Works
In March 2000, Tayler, with co-authors Ross Phillips and Tay Kratzer, composed the guidebook Administering GroupWise 5.5 to assist system administrators in managing Novell's GroupWise.

Tayler's most well-known work is his webcomic, Schlock Mercenary, a comedic webcomic following the tribulations of a star-travelling mercenary company in a satiric, mildly dystopian 31st-century space opera setting. From its debut on June 12, 2000 to its conclusion on 25 July, 2020, the comic was updated daily, began to support its author, and was nominated for three Hugo Awards.

Tayler also produces Writing Excuses, along with novelist Mary Robinette Kowal, best-selling fantasy author Brandon Sanderson and horror author Dan Wells. Running weekly since February 10, 2008, this 15-minute writing tips podcast featured notable guests including Steve Jackson, Phil Foglio, Brandon Mull, Tracy Hickman, and Patrick Rothfuss.

Along with best-selling fantasy author Tracy Hickman and his son, Curtis, he illustrated and published XDM: X-Treme Dungeon Mastery.

Schlock Mercenary
Main series:
 * 1) Schlock Mercenary: Under New Management, ISBN 0-9779074-2-2, May 2006, The Tayler Corporation
 * 2) Schlock Mercenary: The Blackness Between, ISBN 0-9779074-3-0, November 2006, The Tayler Corporation
 * 3) Schlock Mercenary: The Tub of Happiness, ISBN 0-9779074-0-6, December 2007, The Tayler Corporation
 * 4) Schlock Mercenary: The Teraport Wars, ISBN 0-9779074-1-4, October 2008, The Tayler Corporation
 * 5) Schlock Mercenary: The Scrapyard of Insufferable Arrogance, ISBN 0-9779074-4-9, June 2009, The Tayler Corporation
 * 6) Schlock Mercenary: Resident Mad Scientist, ISBN 0-9779074-7-3, July 2010, Hypernode Press
 * 7) Schlock Mercenary: Emperor Pius Dei, ISBN 0-9835746-0-X, July 2011, Hypernode Press
 * 8) Schlock Mercenary: The Sharp End of the Stick, ISBN 0-9835746-2-6, June 2012, Hypernode Press
 * 9) Schlock Mercenary: The Body Politic, ISBN 978-0-9835746-4-4, August 2013, Hypernode Press
 * 10) Schlock Mercenary: Longshoreman of the Apocalypse, ISBN 978-0-9835746-7-5, June 2014, Hypernode Press
 * 11) Schlock Mercenary: Massively Parallel, ISBN 978-0-9835746-8-2, December 2014, Hypernode Press
 * 12) Schlock Mercenary: Force Multiplication, ISBN 978-1-9451200-1-5, August 2016, Hypernode Press
 * 13) Schlock Mercenary: Random Access Memorabilia,
 * 14) Schlock Mercenary: Broken Wind,
 * 15) Schlock Mercenary: Delegates and Delegation,
 * 16) Schlock Mercenary: Big, Dumb Objects, ISBN 9781945120107 March 2021, Hypernode Press
 * 17) Schlock Mercenary: A Little Immortality,

Related works:
 * Strohl Munitions Activity and Coloring Book, no ISBN, Jan. 1, 2009, The Tayler Corporation

Short fiction

 * "Flight of the Runewright" (novelette), December 2012 in Space Eldritch, ISBN 978-1-4811-7831-0, Cold Fusion Media
 * "Extraordinary Zoology" (novella), July 2013, ISBN 978-1-939480-31-6, Privateer Press
 * "Heartfire" (novelette), September 2013 in Called to Battle, Volume One, Privateer Press
 * "Fall of the Runewrought" (novelette), November 2013 in Space Eldritch II: The Haunted Stars, ISBN 978-0-615-91859-4, Cold Fusion Media
 * "Scrap Ante", March 2014 in Iron Kingdoms Excursions, Season One Volume Two, ISBN 978-1-939480-62-0, Privateer Press
 * "Mouths to Feed", April 2014 in Iron Kingdoms Excursions, Season One Volume Three, ISBN 978-1-939480-64-4, Privateer Press
 * "Call of the Caber", June 2014 in Iron Kingdoms Excursions, Season One Volume Five, ISBN 978-1-939480-68-2, Privateer Press
 * "An Honest Death", July 2014 in Shadows Beneath, ISBN 978-1-938570-03-2, Dragonsteel Entertainment
 * "Mind Over Matter" (novelette), December 2014 in Called to Battle, Volume Two, ISBN 978-1-939480-80-4, Privateer Press

Games

 * XDM X-Treme Dungeon Mastery (illustrations, written by Tracy Hickman and Curtis Hickman), ISBN 0-9779074-6-5, July 20, 2009, The Tayler Corporation
 * Planet Mercenary (with Alan Bahr and Sandra Tayler), ISBN 978-1-945120-04-6, June 5, 2017, Hypernode Media

Non-fiction

 * Administering GroupWise 5.5 (with Ross Phillips and Tay Kratzer), ISBN 0-07-212329-X, March 20, 2000, McGraw-Hill

Awards
Tayler won the Web Cartoonists' Choice Awards Best Cameo Award in 2001, and was also nominated for Best Comic, Best Writing, Best Other Character, and Best Science-Fiction Comic the same year. He won WCCA Outstanding Science Fiction Comic in 2004, and was nominated for the same award in 2005 and 2007.

He was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Graphic Story for Schlock Mercenary four times: The Body Politic (2009); The Longshoreman of the Apocalypse (2010); Massively Parallel (2011), and Force Multiplication (2012). Tayler, Dan Wells, Brandon Sanderson, producer Jordan Sanderson, and Mary Robinette Kowal (2011) were nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Related Work in 2011, 2012 and 2013 for the fourth, sixth and seventh seasons of Writing Excuses, a podcast for aspiring authors. They won in 2013.

title: Howard Tayler


text:
Category:Schools in Devon

Schools located in the county of Devon.

title: Category:Schools in Devon


text:
FVR (disambiguation)

FVR refers to Fidel Valdez Ramos (1928–2022), the 12th President of the Philippines (1992–1998).

FVR may also refer to:
 * Feline viral rhinotracheitis
 * Finavera Wind Energy, a Canadian energy company
 * Finn Valley Railway, in Ireland
 * Free voluntary reading
 * Fur language
 * FV Ravensburg, a German football club
 * Rhineland Football Association (German: Fussball-Verband Rheinland)
 * Venezuelan Rugby Federation (Spanish: Federación Venezolana de Rugby)

title: FVR (disambiguation)