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User talk:Ombudsman

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File:UncleMoo.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:UncleMoo.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Damiens .rf 16:40, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of Death of Philip Gale for deletion
The article Death of Philip Gale is being discussed concerning whether it is suitable for inclusion as an article according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Death of Philip Gale until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Scott Mac 01:52, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

Hosting link to blacklisted website
Why are you still providing a blacklisted link on your userpage? (w-hale.to) -- Brangifer (talk) 17:29, 1 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Also, I noticed that you link to "Deadly Immunity", Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.'s antivaccine piece published on Salon.com. Salon has retracted that article and deleted it from its website, in response to increasing appreciation of the flawed and (in some cases) outright fraudulent science underlying its claims I'm letting you know in case you want to update your userpage to reflect the retraction of the article. MastCell Talk 20:09, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

Better source request for File:Newfreedomcommission.gif
Thanks for uploading File:Newfreedomcommission.gif. You provided a source, but it is difficult for other users to examine the copyright status of the image because the source is incomplete. Please consider clarifying the exact source so that the copyright status may be checked more easily. It is best to specify the exact Web page where you found the image, rather than only giving the source domain or the URL of the image file itself. Please update the image description with a URL that will be more helpful to other users in determining the copyright status.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source in a complete manner. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page or me at my talk page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 13:21, 5 May 2011 (UTC)

WikiProject Walking
Ombudsman - I have noticed that you have contributed to the List of people who have walked across the United States, and cordially invite you to participate in a new WikiProject Walking that I have proposed. Your support for the project, active or passive, would be appreciated. Bezza84 (talk) 20:14, 4 June 2011 (UTC)

UOJComm (talk) 06:23, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Buffalo Chips Running Club

The article Buffalo Chips Running Club has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Article appears to be self-promotion, and has been tagged as not meeting WP's notability requirements since 12/2007. No secondary reliable sources have been added to the article since being tagged. Refer to Wikipedia's Notability guidelines to determine if the subject of this article is notable. Please remove this tag ONLY if providing reliable sources as references, the article is long overdue for valid citations.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. -- David Spalding ( ☎ ✉ ✍  ) 14:31, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Merge discussion for Bwindi gorilla
An article that you have been involved in editing, Bwindi gorilla, has been proposed for a merge with another article. If you are interested in the merge discussion, please participate by going, and adding your comments on the discussion page. Thank you. DrJimothyCatface (talk) 05:46, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of MedicoLegal Investigations Ltd

A tag has been placed on MedicoLegal Investigations Ltd, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia for multiple reasons. Please see the page to see the reasons. If the page has since been deleted, you can ask me the reasons by leaving a message on my user talk page.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. Mt king  (edits)  21:45, 14 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I would suggest getting more references - ones that are accessible, unlike that Times one. I'm not going to join up (even from £1) to verify things. It's not compulsory to be accessible, but in the case of combating speedy deletion, it does help. Peridon (talk) 22:42, 14 November 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of MedicoLegal Investigations Ltd for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article MedicoLegal Investigations Ltd is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/MedicoLegal Investigations Ltd until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Mt king  (edits)  08:44, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

creating an article on the Brain
The pattern matching Brain theory developed by http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Johnatpatom seems useful. I am brother of the inventor and note you have created a page on a like issue before. It isn't new research. It is a validated methodology with profound implications. Any advice/tips about starting an appropriate article? DDB (talk) 08:34, 6 July 2012 (UTC)

Neural clique
Hi Ombudsman! I know it's a long time ago, but you created Neural clique. It badly needs sources. Would it be possible for you to provide them? Kind regards! Lova Falk  talk  09:54, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

File:Newfreedomcommission.gif missing description details
Dear uploader: The media file you uploaded as: is missing a description and/or other details on its image description page. If possible, please add this information. This will help other editors make better use of the image, and it will be more informative to readers.
 * File:Newfreedomcommission.gif

If the information is not provided, the image may eventually be proposed for deletion, a situation which is not desirable, and which can easily be avoided.

If you have any questions, please see Help:Image page. Thank you. Theo's Little Bot (error?) 08:28, 14 April 2013 (UTC)

Craft International
Howdy. i just wanted to call your attention to Craft International. I've nominated it for deletion, but more importantly, I've removed the claim you entered regarding the conspiracy theory surrounding their supposed presence at the Marathon bombings. I assume you weren't aware of this being a conspiratorial point of view, and perhaps were unaware of the Washington Times community page being a blog anyone can sign up for, but I just wanted to give you the heads up about the deletion and removal. Thargor Orlando (talk) 23:59, 22 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Howdy? Are you not aware of the fact that the FBI was all over suspect one for years and years, and Russian intelligence sought cooperation with the FBI both before and after suspect one's travels to strife torn nether regions of the former USSR? Are you aware that analysis of terrorism by Mother Jones and the NY Times has demonstrated FBI complicity in 80% or more of terror plots that have been carried out in recent years? The salient issue here is the degree of notability that should be applied to the mercenaries dressed in Craft uniforms, well corroborated pictures of which have now saturated virtually all areas of the media, at least beyond the walled garden of the tightly controlled mainstream press. The Washington Times would have pulled these pictures instantly if there was any hint of the type of photoshopping allegations that have plagued attempts to legitimize the citizenship of current occupant in the White House. These photos are everywhere, and there are no credible sources that back up your mistaken assertion that the suspicious gang of Craft clad mercenaries might not meet the Wiki's notability standards. To quote Jon Rappoport, "You look at photos of men standing near the Marathon finish line, the men in identical uniforms, who have variously been described as Navy Seals, Coast Guard, and Craft International security personnel. What were they doing there? Running a drill? Watching suspects or patsies or bomb-planters? What was going on?" These  issues 'trending' throughout cyberspace have reached a crescendo against the backdrop of mounting blowback against US drone strikes and military encroachment across the Middle East and Africa, and yet you audaciously hope to whitewash the serious questions about these photographs with tendentious terminology, just because the FBI emphatically pronounces that photographs of any other suspects will not be deemed credible?  ""The photos and videos are posted for the public and media to use, review, and publicize. For clarity, these images should be the only ones and I emphasize the only ones the public should view to assist us," DesLauriers said. "Other photos should not be deemed credible and they unnecessarily divert the public's attention in the wrong direction and create undue work for vital law enforcement resources."" Well, thanks for your opinion, Thargor. Peace out. Ombudsman (talk) 06:32, 24 April 2013 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for May 1
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Jim Hunt (coach), you added links pointing to the disambiguation pages Cross-country and Athletics (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

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The Wikipedia Library now offering accounts from Cochrane Collaboration (sign up!)
Cochrane Collaboration is an independent medical nonprofit organization consisting of over 28,000 volunteers in more than 100 countries. The collaboration was formed to organize medical scholarship in a systematic way in the interests of evidence-based research: the group conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library.

Cochrane has generously agreed to give free, full-access accounts to 100 medical editors. Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account. Thank you Cochrane!

If you are stil active as a medical editor, come and sign up :)

Cheers, Ocaasit | c 20:02, 16 June 2013 (UTC)

Nomination of Elliot Valenstein for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Elliot Valenstein is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Elliot Valenstein until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. -- Forward  Unto   Dawn  12:42, 10 July 2013 (UTC)

Nomination of SafeMinds for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article SafeMinds is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/SafeMinds until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Jinkinson (talk) 16:28, 13 September 2013 (UTC)

Nomination of Thomas Burbacher for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Thomas Burbacher is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Thomas Burbacher until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Jinkinson (talk) 13:49, 25 September 2013 (UTC)

Nomination of Mady Hornig for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Mady Hornig is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Mady Hornig until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Jinkinson  talk to me  03:46, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Richard Kunin

The article Richard Kunin has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Does not meet criteria for notability.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. LT90001 (talk) 11:33, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

Nomination of Richard Kunin for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Richard Kunin is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Richard Kunin until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. LT90001 (talk) 00:15, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

Nomination of Autism Research Institute for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Autism Research Institute is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Autism Research Institute until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. § FreeRangeFrog croak 01:43, 13 July 2014 (UTC)

Invitation: WikiProject Autism
Greetings! Since I found your name on the Notice board for autism-related topics, I figured you might be interested in the recently created WikiProject Autism. Muffinator (talk) 21:49, 23 July 2014 (UTC)

Ombudsman, I am a new user. What is the deal with Vaccine Controversies. Not to be paranoid, but it is like Pharma is paying people to own that page. I tried to get Miller's info on IMR vs vaccination. The discussion is now on WP:RSN. Dcrsmama (talk) 03:20, 3 March 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of David Singer (chiropractor) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article David Singer (chiropractor) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/David Singer (chiropractor) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Delta13C (talk) 22:35, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Give Something Back

A tag has been placed on Give Something Back requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G6 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is an orphaned disambiguation page which either
 * disambiguates two or fewer extant Wikipedia pages and whose title ends in "(disambiguation)" (i.e., there is a primary topic); or
 * disambiguates no (zero) extant Wikipedia pages, regardless of its title.

Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such pages may be deleted at any time. Please see the disambiguation page guidelines for more information.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Emotionalllama (talk) 19:42, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

Nomination of Brian Hooker (bioengineer) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Brian Hooker (bioengineer) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Brian Hooker (bioengineer) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Guy (Help!) 22:01, 14 April 2016 (UTC)

Nomination of Richard Kunin for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Richard Kunin is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Richard Kunin& until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Delta13C (talk) 10:29, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

Nomination of NonProfits' United for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article NonProfits' United is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/NonProfits' United until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.  DGG ( talk ) 20:28, 16 September 2016 (UTC)

Women in Red World Contest
Hi. We're into the last five days of the Women in Red World Contest. There's a new bonus prize of $200 worth of books of your choice to win for creating the most new women biographies between 0:00 on the 26th and 23:59 on 30th November. If you've been contributing to the contest, thank you for your support, we've produced over 2000 articles. If you haven't contributed yet, we would appreciate you taking the time to add entries to our articles achievements list by the end of the month. Thank you, and if participating, good luck with the finale!

Proposed deletion of Kevin Sweeney (consultant)

The article Kevin Sweeney (consultant) has been proposed for deletion because it appears to have no references. Under Wikipedia policy, this biography of a living person will be deleted after seven days unless it has at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't be offended. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners, or ask at the help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp/dated tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within seven days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. SL93 (talk) 23:41, 18 November 2018 (UTC)

Nomination of Kevin Sweeney (consultant) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Kevin Sweeney (consultant) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Kevin Sweeney (consultant) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Nathan2055talk - contribs 23:40, 21 November 2018 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Tamalpa Runners

The article Tamalpa Runners has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Notability."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ...William, is the complaint department really on the roof? 17:35, 28 January 2019 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:Kevin Sweeney (consultant)

Hello, Ombudsman. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Kevin Sweeney".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the, , or  code.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Warm Regards, ZI Jony  (Talk) 14:01, 29 June 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of First Databank

The article First Databank has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (companies) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 14:31, 13 September 2019 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Wikipedia:Template index/Speedy deletion

A tag has been placed on Wikipedia:Template index/Speedy deletion, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, group, product, service, person, or point of view and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the. AmbivalentUnequivocality (talk) 00:13, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

DS alert
(The DS alert that was here was deleted by Ombudsman. -- Valjean (talk) 14:30, 21 May 2020 (UTC)) This is related to your edit at Judy Mikovits and your edit at your stub article Plague of Corruption. That book is written by advocates of discredited and pseudoscientific ideas, and content from RS that is critical must be included in such articles. Attempts to whitewash such content is not allowed and can be seen as a violation of NPOV and as forbidden advocacy of fringe ideas not supported by scientific evidence and RS. -- Valjean (talk) 01:15, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

 * To put it mildly, your wholesale hogwashing of the Plague of Corruption article goes beyond the pale. To add insult to the injury you've inflicted upon the article, the above indicates you have little in the way of constructive inclinations in the area of collaborative editing, the basis upon which many of us early, constructive contributors based our decisions to lend efforts. Rather, you have taken an overtly aggressive, uncooperative stance from the get go. This type of harassment is not only unjustified, it is undignified, and reflects poorly not only upon yourself, but upon the Wiki as a whole. If you would, please, get off your pedestal for a moment and consider that not only have I taken about a decade off as a 'breather', but you have come along, all high and mighty, and renewed the sort of harassment that has exemplified the descent of the Wiki into an acutely biased, unmitigated factory of dominant narrative tripe. Now that you have poisoned the well with your own op-ed insinuations, innuendo, and character assassination pejoratives as a substitute for my good faith article submission, you might want to consider where the high road might take you from here. May I suggest that you recuse yourself from any sort of admin role while others arrive on the article page to make constructive, rather than obstructive, edits, at least until the initial article iterations have progressed beyond the stub phase? Ombudsman 21 May 2020 (UTC)
 * These kind of personal attacks are unacceptable. I would also like to remind you that you are subject to a permanent topic ban from editing articles related to autism or vaccination, and creating an article about a book written by anti-vaxxers, and which discusses these topics and includes anti-vaccination quotes, is a violation of that ban. AmbivalentUnequivocality (talk) 06:04, 21 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Ombudsman, I see you were permanently banned from the topics of vaccination and autism in January 2009, and I can't find any record of that ban having been lifted. The article Plague of Corruption is clearly related to both autism and vaccination. The ban was a long time ago, so it might be reasonable to assume you have forgotten it - or it might have been lifted and I have failed to find that. But now that you have been reminded, please either show us where and when the ban was lifted, or keep away from those subject areas. Boing! said Zebedee (talk) 08:52, 21 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Ombudsman, I am not an admin. Anyone can place a DS alert when it's warranted. -- Valjean (talk) 14:30, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

Discretionary sanctions, pseudoscience and fringe science
Boing! said Zebedee (talk) 08:36, 21 May 2020 (UTC)
 * The subjects of "Plague of Corruption" and Judy Mikovits fall under these discretionary sanctions. Boing! said Zebedee (talk) 08:38, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

Blocked
You are now blocked for 72 hours for violating the terms of your topic ban. The ban notification says you are "banned permanently from all pages relating to vaccinations and autism. This ban includes talk pages, templates, categories, and images as well as articles". Earlier today, I told you "The article Plague of Corruption is clearly related to both autism and vaccination. The ban was a long time ago, so it might be reasonable to assume you have forgotten it - or it might have been lifted and I have failed to find that. But now that you have been reminded, please either show us where and when the ban was lifted, or keep away from those subject areas". You have not demonstrated that your ban has been lifted, but have still edited at Talk:Plague of Corruption. If you wish to be unblocked, please either demonstrate where your topic ban was lifted, or make a convincing commitment to adhere to it. If you do neither and carry on editing the same subject once this block expires, you will be blocked indefinitely. Boing! said Zebedee (talk) 20:44, 21 May 2020 (UTC) >WTH?!? The above recalls previous a previous allegation of 'tedentious editing'. After taking basically a decade's breather from the Wiki, this sort of meddling is at once not surprising, given the devolution of this here Wiki into a pov artistry sinkhole, and yet simultaneously it takes one aback, miffed by the startling abrasiveness and abusiveness that now seems to pass for the current arrogant nature of your evident 'standard operating procedures. Too, it appears someone has edited my comments on the Plague of Corruption' talk page. Rather than just trying to work with me, a passage has just been summarily removed, prior to any chance being allowed for me to tweak the oh, so mild, clearly unintended transgression. Simply replacing the 'artists' with the more politically tolerable 'artistry' ought to suffice, if you can fathom that sort of deference, ever so kindly. In any case, you are talking about a decade old warning that, if memory serves, was only to remain in effect for 3 months. If I'm wrong about the original wording and restrictions, or otherwise, please find and point out the specifics. Lacking such, as I believe you'll find, you ought well rescind this apparently and simply harsh, punitive, juvenile, reactionary over reaction. Even if your interpretation of the 'ancient' finding proves valid, this sort of over-wrought over-reaction is hardly conducive to promotion of the ideals behind 'good faith' assumptions. If y'all wish to continue along the path downward through the sinkhole this Wiki has sunk into, that's on you. In any case, this tempest in a teapot seems simply designed to censor both myself and the invaluable contributions of Judy, Kent and all the rest of us who wish to to pursue conveyance truth and knowledge, despite the sort of heavy handed Orwellianism evident here, on the book article page, and elsewhere... Ombudsman 21 May 2020 (UTC)
 * For further information, your topic ban originated here. Boing! said Zebedee (talk) 20:58, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

>Aha, found the 2009 edit specifying a 'permanent ban', per the link inserted above. The particular 'permanent' status was unbeknownst to me, as is the situation regarding the justification thereof. Obviously, the heavy handed nature of that sanction went way over the top, and beyond that, there is no evidence that any confirmatory, much less reasoned, discourse ensued. The reasoning behind making the ban permanent certainly needs evaluation and negotiation, rather than unilateral, uncompromising, arrogant application. Please, outline any possible avenues you might make available for discussing an appropriate resolution, to the end of demonstrating how such censorious and abusive admin wikilawyering might be properly mitigated... Ombudsman 21 May 2020 (UTC)
 * As you are disputing the current validity of the old topic ban, and it looks like it might not have been logged appropriately, I am replacing it with a new one...

Notice that you are now subject to an arbitration enforcement topic ban

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David Ray Griffin
You are invited to join the discussion at Talk:David Ray Griffin § Description and interests. Thank you. Roy McCoy (talk) 01:17, 20 October 2020 (UTC)

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Speedy deletion nomination of Donate Life America

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title: User talk:Ombudsman


text:
Gabu (town)

Gabu is the largest town in eastern Guinea-Bissau and capital of the Gabu Region. Under the name Kansala, it was the capital of Kaabu.

History
Kaabu, also written Ngabou or N’Gabu, was founded by Mandinka immigrants from the Mali Empire in the 13th century, and was initially vassal to the Mali Empire. Mansa Sala Sane established Kansala to replace the old, less centrally located Bainuk capital of Mamapatim. The city was also the site of the sacred grove where the mansaba of Kaabu was crowned. As the Mali empire waned, Sama Koli proclaimed independence in 1537 but maintained many of the trappings of Malian cultural heritage. The kingdom built earthen ramparts (now vanished) around Kansala and established trade relations with the Portuguese on the coast.

In the early nineteenth century, the Fula ethnic group converted to Islam and began the Kansala War to end Mandé dominance. It ended with a big fire which caused extensive damage and casualties on both sides. Gabu thereafter became linked with the Imamate of Futa Jallon and was finally assimilated into the Portuguese Empire. The Portuguese named the town "Nova Lamego" ie "New Lamego", after the Douro town of Lamego. It was renamed Gabu (sometimes spelled Cabu ) after Guinea Bissau's independence.

Trade
Gabu is now mostly known as a market town with the second largest market of Guinea-Bissau, notably trading coal and ceramics as well as agricultural products. Traders come from as far afield as Guinea and Senegal.

Climate
Gabú has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw), similar to that of the capital Bissau but with – due to its inland location – about a quarter less rainfall and larger diurnal temperature variations. As with all of Guinea-Bissau, there are two extremely contrasting seasons: a dry season from November to May with dusty harmattan winds and hot to sweltering, rainless weather, and a monsoonal wet season from June to October featuring heavy thunderstorm rains almost every day and hot, uncomfortably humid conditions.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gabu (town)


text:
Gabu

Gabu or Gabú may refer to:

 * Gabu Region of Guinea-Bissau
 * Gabu, a town and capital of Gabu Region, Guinea-Bissau
 * Gabu, Nigeria
 * Gat Andrés Bonifacio University, a university in the Philippines

title: Gabu


text:
Talk:Breech birth

Turning the Baby to Avoid Breech Birth
Many of these methods look highly doubtful to me. No doubt some babies turn without intervention. So where is the evidence that these methods help turn the baby? --Henrygb 23:09, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * At least two will often work: maternal positioning and external cephalic version. Swimming might work, as it is pretty much the same as maternal positioning. The others... yeah, there are some real wackos in this world. AlbertCahalan 23:54, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

 * There is very little evidence that other than ECV and maternal positioning have any impact on breech presentation. Certainly homeopathy has no effect (as the substance is only water).  And as for moxibustion!  I'm inclined to remove these other supposed methods.  --Maustrauser 10:09, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * But how does Swimming allow the baby to change positions before birth? It isn't explained in the article, and I suppose it'd add to the completeness to have that in there... Kareeser|Talk! 01:13, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Swimming assists as it is simply gentle exercise that may help physically turn the baby. Mirasmus 02:20, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I intend to remove the homeopathy and moxibustion links as a way of turning a breech baby owing to there being no scientific evidence that these work. Before I do so I would appreciate reading any comments. Mirasmus 02:59, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * There has been at least one study published in a peer-reviewed medical journal (JAMA) that suggests moxibustion may be effective at turning breech babies. Refer to Moxibustion for Correction of Breech Presentation A Randomized Controlled Trial. Francesco Cardini, MD ; Huang Weixin, MD. JAMA. 1998;280:1580-1584

 * Absolutely.  Look up the Cochrane Database, easily accessible.   Only ECV after 36 weeks is effective, although I confess I will occasionally turn one at 35 1/2 weeks.

evenness and pc
so i see this article chooses to use him/her a lot. normally, the english rule is him first, but i think in this case her should go first because that is the default gender of a baby. you can't accidentally be male, only accidentally not be male do to hormonal complications...seems like a silly thing to do, but maybe someone would agree with me before i do it?

The Rocket Master was born this way. RocketMaster 12:16, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

An intgresting point. However we are using English, and so the English conventions would be preferable. I good observation and certainly one that you should consider doing. JustAnMD 04:53, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

I think the recent editing is too open ended on the issue of whether maternal postioning works. I do not think there would be any harm in quoting directly from the actual citation.

Clarification please
I have deleted this sentence which is unanatomical and unclear. If the author really wants it back, it should be rendered anatomical. Note: 'down' might be either inferior (as opposed to superior) or posterior (as opposed to anterior). The proposed mechanism seems to have been copied from a lay text book, and does not appear to be the statement of a experienced individual.

JustAnMD 02:27, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

Spelling
The use of the diphthong in 'foetus' has been replaced with 'fetus' in English medical literature, even in England.

Familial
Since 1942 there has been a hypothesis that parents may transfer risk of breech delivery to offspring. establishes that the odds ratio for breech presentation is 2.2 if a parent (either mother or father) was a breech. JFW | T@lk  08:38, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Merge ECV here
I recommend merging External cephalic version here. ECV is used only to treat a threatened breech delivery. --Una Smith (talk) 23:08, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

Breech Birth & Personality
I was a breech birth. Several years ago (before computers) I did a little medical research on long-term breech births and have speculated that the reasons one twin will have an opposite personality than the other is one twin is often/usually breech. I noticed in some twins I've known, one will be of the heart (spiritual) whereas the other will be mental (scientific). Some of the psychological complications I found associated with breech birth are schizophrenia, dyslexia, learning disabilities, violence. Raquel Baranow (talk) 17:34, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

Human only?
Any animal born from a vagina can have a breech birth. Why is this article entirely specific to humans? Mnealon (talk) 04:29, 19 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Because from an obstetric perspective, the problems with animal births are so different and varied as to not be mutually informative. Delivering a breech foal is different from a puppy stuck in the birth canal when some of the litter have been delivered and others haven't. Check out the insufficiencies of veterinary obstetrics, where complications of birth and delivery among domestic or zoo animals would be more informative for readers who looked up that topic. It would be worth a summary paragraph here at the end and a mention at the beginning about animals, but I don't see how all the problems with the current article can be addressed if we muck up the topic further by throwing animal births, in their infinite variety, into the mix. Just a drive-by comment from someone not involved with the article. Cynwolfe (talk) 15:39, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

Does breech birth happen in other animal species too? 12.233.159.194 (talk) 18:55, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

First sentence is obscure.
The first sentence of this article: "A breech presentation is defined as the condition in which the baby is in longitudinal lie and the podalic pole presenting at the pelvic brim with the head occupying upper pole of uterus." - is a pretty poor start to this article, in my opinion. It may be a valid medical definition of a breech birth, but it's probably not comprehensible to most non-medically-trained people. It seems best to me for most Wikipedia articles to begin defining and describing things in terms that ordinary people can understand, and for technical details to be given later in the article, where those wanting more information (and able to understand it) can continue reading to.

I *think* the first sentence is simply saying that a breech birth is one where any part of the baby other than the head comes out first - rather close to what the third sentence is saying - but I'm not totally sure.

Perhaps the opening needs to be reorganized, and the third sentence could be worked into the first, and the first (if it does add extra information) could be given a bit later. But I don't feel I know enough about this topic to attempt this myself. M.J.E. (talk) 04:05, 12 August 2012 (UTC)

Famous people born breech

 * Billy Joel: Had double hip replacement two years ago. Joel attributes the need for the surgery to "probably being born with dysplasia." He explains that he was a breech baby and that forceps may have displaced his hips. "Billy Joel on not working, not giving up drinking and not caring what Elton John says about any of it," Interview by Andrew Goldman, New York Times Magazine, 26 May 2013, p. 34. Raquel Baranow (talk) 23:04, 26 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Frank Zappa: Zappa, Barry Miles, Grove Press, 2004, Page 5. Raquel Baranow (talk) 18:53, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Jordan Brady: 'I Am Comic' Director Jordan Brady on Spit Takes and the Downside of Supportive Audiences, Interview. Raquel Baranow (talk) 19:19, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Tatum O'Neal: A Paper Life, Tatum O'Neal, HarperCollins, Oct 4, 2005, Page 14
 * Becky Garrison: The New Atheist Crusaders and Their Unholy Grail: The Misguided Quest to Destroy Your Faith, Becky Garrison, Thomas Nelson Inc, Jan 1, 2008, Page 133.
 * Wilhelm II, German Emperor:''' Wikipedia
 * Frank Sinatra: Sinatra in Hollywood, Tom Santopietro, Macmillan, Nov 10, 2009, Page 12.
 * Nero: Rome and Her Monuments: Essays on the City and Literature of Rome in Honor of Katherine A. Geffcken,Katherine A. Geffcken, Sheila Kathryn Dickison, Judith P. Hallett, Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 2000, Page 496
 * Bret Michaels: His website, blog post, 15 April 2012
 * Chesa Boudin: Son of imprisoned '60s radicals is named a Rhodes Scholar, Jim Ritter, Chicago Sun Times, December 9, 2002.
 * David Shields: The Thing about Life Is That One Day You'll Be Dead, David Shields, Random House LLC, 2009, Page 4
 * Jerry Lee Lewis: Allegedly said, "I was born feet first, and I've been jumpin' ever since."
 * Pedro Zamora ref'd in the article.

I'd like to see maybe a Catagory for persons born breech or a List of people born breech. . . also how about a new section on famous persons born breech in this article? Raquel Baranow (talk) 22:58, 20 January 2015 (UTC)

 * So, I've gotta be a bit contrarian here, but why is this even relevant? It's hardly a rare or "exotic" condition (like situs inversus), nor one with significant social stigma (such that "coming out" would be meaningful).  I can't help but see it as a pointless bit of medical trivia, about as relevant as which celebrities have flat feet.  In a few cases, there may be some relevance, but not enough for a list on this page (as opposed to just linking here from the celebrity's page). HCA (talk) 22:10, 3 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Good point. There are many articles about complications of breech birth -- that it may cause schizophrenia and learning disabilities. I plan to add these reports from medical journals. Knowing that famous people were born breech and were successful may be important for mothers and children. I found a report once (couldn't find it again that said many were genius.

 * There are similar lists for: List of people on the autistic spectrum, Asperger syndrome; People on the autistic spectrum Or this: People with Asperger syndrome Raquel Baranow (talk) 23:59, 3 February 2015 (UTC)

 * But shouldn't those people be listed under the symptom caused by breech birth, not the birth type itself? At the very least, it should be moved to a separate page "List of People Born Breech" to minimize page clutter. HCA (talk) 16:30, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Yes, I think you may be right about separate page (only because such a list seems kind of funny here and none of the other Lists I mentioned above are on the articles themselves) but this new section isn't creating much clutter (and this article is not as cluttered as the Asperger and Autism pages are). How about we wait a month or two to see how other readers (not necessarily editors) react?

 * In the meantime, I'd like to see all the statistics in that paragraph with all the percentages presented better, like maybe in a table or columns. I'm working on a new section regarding long term complications of persons born breech. I have many scientific articles, many were found with Google search of /"Breech birth" + schizophrenia or "learning disabilities"/ I also found many articles many years ago searching the hard-copy medline indexes (forget what they called them), at the medical school here in Tucson. Raquel Baranow (talk) 17:28, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

Figure after first paragraph in section related to etiology of breech presentation
Dear Sir/Madam I would like to contribute to this section with Figure. Figure is showing incidence of presentation and lies from 10th gestation week until birth. Showing this Figure to readers will allow them better clarification of changes during gestation. I have permission from the publisher of this journal. Due to regulation of Wikipedia, I cannot post this Figure. username Sekulic1965 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sekulic1965 (talk • contribs) 09:14, 17 September 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Breech birth


text:
Orango

Orango is one of the Bijagós Islands, located 60 km off the coast of mainland Guinea-Bissau. At 272.5 km2, it is the largest island in the archipelago. The island has a population of 1,250 (2009 census); the largest village is Eticoga. With the neighbouring islands Imbone, Canongo, Meneque and Orangozinho, it forms the Orango National Park. It belongs to the Uno Sector.

Orango is known for its saltwater hippopotamuses. It was the seat of Okinka Pampa until her death in 1930.

Matrimonial traditions
Orango's inhabitants developed a number of distinct matrimonial traditions which are unique with respect to the role played by women. Marriage is formally proposed by women — their choice of spouse is made public to the groom-to-be and the rest of the community by an offer of a dish of specially prepared fish, marinated in red palm oil. According to tradition, the offer is accepted by eating the fish, and cannot be turned down without dishonor. The marriage becomes official months later, after the bride-to-be, with no help from the groom, builds the couple a new home out of driftwood, blond grass, and mud bricks.

In recent years, the island's traditions are competing with outside influences, both economic and religious. Men increasingly travel to the mainland to work, bringing back the mainland's trappings and ideas. Men and women have adopted religious practices introduced by Protestant missionaries, which have also reduced the influences of the island's matrimonial traditions.

title: Orango


text:
Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers

Louis-Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers (6 September 1795 – 6 June 1878), 1st Comte Baraguey d'Hilliers, was a Marshal of France and politician.

Baraguey d'Hilliers was born in Paris, the son of the French revolutionary general Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers. He was educated at the Prytanée National Militaire and joined the Grande Armée. Baraguey d'Hilliers served as a second lieutenant in the Russian campaign of 1812, and in 1813 was an aide-de-camp to Marshal Marmont at the Battle of Leipzig, where he lost his left hand. Promoted to captain in 1815, he fought at Quatre Bras. In 1823, he served in the campaign to restore Bourbon power in Spain, where he remained until 1825.

He distinguished himself in Algeria, where he was promoted to colonel after the capture of Algiers in 1830. In 1834, Baraguey d'Hilliers was made vice-governor of the military academy of Saint Cyr, promoted to général de brigade in 1836, he was made commandant of the academy. Sent to Algeria in 1841, by 1843 he had been promoted to général de division and was made commandant of Constantine. Put on the non active list in 1844, by 1847 he was reinstated and made Inspector-General of infantry. After the Revolution of 1848, Nicolas Changarnier was sent as commanding general to Besançon and was elected to the constituent assembly for the department of Doubs. He was one of the three candidates presented by President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte for the office of vice president of the Republic; he received only one vote. He was then appointed commander-in-chief of the French troops that invaded the revolutionary Roman Republic, in 1849, in the context of the First Italian War of Independence.

In 1851, he replaced as commander of the army of Paris Nicolas Changarnier, whom President Napoleon Louis Bonaparte distrusted, and was a supporter of the latter's coup d'état later in that year. In 1853, Baraguey d'Hilliers was sent to Constantinople as ambassador extraordinaire, and recalled in 1854. During the Crimean War he was given command of the expeditionary force destined for the Baltic Sea. After capturing Bomarsund, Baraguey d'Hilliers was promoted to Marshal of France and made a Senator of the French Second Empire. He would later serve as vice-president of the French Senate. During the Italian campaign of 1859, Baraguey d'Hilliers commanded the I Corps with which he distinguished himself by capturing the town of Solferino during the Battle of Solferino. After the war he was given command of V Corps in Tours.

Made governor of Paris in 1870, by his frankness he made himself unpopular with the Empress Eugénie and with Count Palikao. On 12 August, he was replaced by Trochu. After the end of the Franco-Prussian War, Adolphe Thiers made him president of a commission investigating the causes of the French defeat. He died in 1878 in Amélie-les-Bains.

Honours

 * Second French Empire: Baton of Maréchal de France
 * Second French Empire: Grand Croix of the Legion of Honour
 * Second French Empire: Médaille militaire
 * Second French Empire: Commemorative medal of the 1859 Italian Campaign
 * Second French Empire: Saint Helena Medal
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom: Crimea Medal
 * Kingdom of Sardinia: Knight of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
 * Kingdom of Sardinia: Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus

title: Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers


text:
João Vieira (island)

João Vieira is an island in the Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau. Its population is 6 (2009 census). It is part of the João Vieira and Poilão Marine National Park. It lies 11 nmi north-northeast of the island Poilão. Other nearby islands are Meio and Cavalos. The islands are important nesting grounds for sea turtles.

title: João Vieira (island)


text:
Telephone numbers in Argentina

In Argentina, area codes are two, three, or four digits long (after the initial zero). Local customer numbers are six to eight digits long. The total number of digits is ten, for example, phone number (11) 1234-5678 for Buenos Aires is made up of a 2-digit area code number and an 8-digit subscriber's number, while (383) 123-4567 would be an example of a Catamarca number.

Local dialing
Local landline phone numbers in Argentina can have 6, 7 or 8 digits, depending on where they are located:

 * Most of Greater Buenos Aires uses 8 digits.
 * Second-tier cities use 7 digits.
 * Remaining towns and cities use 6 digits.

Local numbers usually begin with a 4, although in recent times numbers having 2, 3, 5, 6, or even 7 and 8 as the first digit are not uncommon.

Thus, for example to call a local number within Buenos Aires, one should dial 1234–5678; within Mar del Plata, 123-4567 and within Villa Carlos Paz, 12–3456. For mobile phone dialing, see the corresponding section below.

Recent changes
In March 2011, the National Communications Commission announced changes to be carried out in 21 local areas throughout the country. The reason being the soaring demand in mobile lines causing lines to be nearly depleted in many areas. The changes will take place in three stages, starting in November 2011 with the final cities having their numbering plan changed in April 2012. Users in these areas will have an extra 4 added in front of their subscriber's numbers as well as having the area code shortened. Thus, they will go from a (xxxx) xx-xxxx format to a more resourceful (xxx) xxx-xxxx. On 1 April, seven cities had their numbering changed as described above, thus completing the update process.

Long-distance dialing
To dial a long-distance number in Argentina (whether landline or mobile), the area code must be dialed before the subscriber's number.

As explained before, area codes can have 2, 3 or 4 digits and must be dialed before the local subscriber's phone number.

In addition, to place a domestic long-distance call, trunk code 0 must be dialed as well.

Thus, for example, in order to call a landline phone in Ushuaia from Salta, one should dial: 0 + 2901 + xx-xxxx, where 0 is the trunk code, 2901 is the Ushuaia area code, and xx-xxxx is the local phone number.

The same rule applies to mobile phone numbers, with the addition of the mobile prefix 15 right in front of the local subscriber's number. Using the same example above, to reach a Ushuaia mobile from Córdoba, one should dial: 0 + 2901 + 15 + xx-xxxx

Although trunk code 0 is not part of the long-distance area code, it is normally represented as if it were part of the long-distance prefix. Thus, when given a long-distance number already including a 0 in front of it, no additional 0 is to be added in order to call domestically.

Mobile phone numbers
Mobile phone numbers in Argentina are assigned the same geographic area codes as fixed lines, according to the subscriber's choice or residence, and can be 6, 7 or 8 digits long, just as landline numbers are. The difference with mobile numbers is that a prefix 15, never used for landlines, must be dialed.

Calling a mobile phone locally requires dialing 15, followed by the subscriber's number. For example, to call a Villa Carlos Paz mobile number from Villa Carlos Paz, 15 xx-xxxx must be dialled. To call a mobile phone in a different area code, the area code must be dialed, followed by the mobile prefix 15 and the number. For example, to call a Mar del Plata mobile from Buenos Aires, the dialing pattern is 0 223 15 xxx-xxxx, where 0 is the trunk code, 223 is the Mar del Plata area code, 15 is the mobile prefix, followed by the seven-digit subscriber number.

Here are some examples of mobile phone numbers in Argentina:
 * (11) 15 1234–5678 Buenos Aires.
 * (380) 15 123–4567 La Rioja.
 * (2966) 15 12-3456 Río Gallegos.

The prefix 15 is not part of the number, although users sometimes give out their numbers with the prefix included. This is not a problem when making calls within Argentina, but can cause confusion when the mobile prefix must be omitted, as on IVR menus or when calling from abroad.

Mobile prefix 15 and trunk code 0 can be omitted when calling a mobile from another mobile within Argentina.

Different prefixes are required when calling mobile numbers from outside Argentina.

Number portability
In 2000 President Fernando De La Rúa signed a decree deregulating the telephone service in Argentina, thus allowing number portability to be implemented. In December 2011, Argentine authorities postponed number portability once again—allegedly due to lobbying from operators—until March 2012.

The intention is that users of landline and mobile telephones in Argentina will be able to switch providers while keeping their phone number, so long as they remain in the same subscriber local area.

Number portability is expected to bring lower rates and better service quality, since operators will have to carry out additional efforts, both to keep their existing customers from leaving and to attract other operators' users to their networks.

Inbound
Inbound international calls to landline numbers follow the same rules as calls within the country. International access code +54 must be used in order to call Argentina, followed by the area code and then the local phone number. The "+" sign must be replaced by an international call prefix specific to the country originating the call, e.g. 00 from the UK, 011 from the US, etc.

For example, to call the number (351) 123–4567 in the city of Córdoba from Mexico, the dialing sequence is 00 54 351 123–4567.

Mobile phone numbers follow a different pattern. The prefix 9 must be added before the area code, leaving out the 15 after the area code, which is only used when calling domestically. The inbound dialing pattern for mobiles is then: +54, 9, area code, mobile subscriber's number (notice how the 15 domestic prefix is omitted). For example, to call mobile number (223) 15 123–4567 (in Mar del Plata) from outside Argentina, the dialling sequence is: +54 9 223 123–4567.

Non-geographic numbers such as 0800 or 0810 cannot be called from outside Argentina. Some companies do not publish their geographic number, and can only be called internationally by obtaining it some other way.

Inbound SMS
To send an SMS text message to an Argentine cell phone from another country, the 9 used internationally when dialing the number for a voice call (and the 15 used for calls within Argentina) is omitted. For example, if the mobile number in Argentina is (11) 15 1234–5678, a voice call from abroad would be dialled as +54 9 11 1234 5678, but a text message would require +54 11 1234 5678, with +54 9 11 1234 5678 usually being invalid. If a text message is received from Argentina, the reply can be sent to the number displayed as the sender. Not all mobile providers in Argentina have SMS agreements with every carrier in the world, so it may not be possible to send an international SMS.

Outbound
Outbound international calls use a trunk prefix 00 followed by the international code for the country being called, and then the area code (if any) and local phone number.

For example, to call the number (9) 123–4567 in Auckland, New Zealand, the dialing sequence will be: 00 64 9 123–4567; where 00 is the international trunk code, 64 is the country code for New Zealand, 9 is the Auckland area code, and 123-4567 is the local number.

Although Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, international dialling using the 00 prefix and the country code 500 is required. However, following a court ruling in 2017, calls to the Islands have been charged at domestic rates.

Collect calls
Domestic collect calls are placed by dialing 19 from any landline or payphone; the caller then states their name, which is announced with a message stating that a collect call has been requested when the call is answered. If the called party accepts the reverse charges, the call is connected. International collect calls are placed by dialling 000 for the international operator; this number also provides international assistance, such as country and area codes, rates, etc.

Non-geographic numbers
Non-geographic numbers have a three-digit prefix followed by a seven-digit number. They are usually represented in the format 0ppp-nnn-nnnn.

Prefixes allocated include:

 * 0800: toll-free telephone numbers
 * 0810: calls from any area chargeable at local rate
 * 0822: toll-free numbers used for calling card access
 * 0600: premium-rate telephone numbers
 * 0609: premium, fixed-rate gaming numbers
 * 0610: dial-up Internet access numbers, usually cheaper than a local call, less frequently used as dial-up Internet access decreased
 * 0605: premium-rate telephone numbers for charity donations

Public utility numbers
The format for public utility service phone numbers is mostly 1xx. They can be accessed from any landline, mobile or pay phone within the country.

The most common public utility service numbers are:

 * 100: Firefighters
 * 101: Police
 * 102: Child services
 * 103: Civil defense
 * 106: Naval Prefecture
 * 107: Ambulance
 * 110: Phone directory
 * 112: Customer service
 * 113: Official time
 * 114: Phone repair service
 * 115: Ring test
 * 121: Phone usage info (subject to availability)
 * 125: Assistance service for the hearing-impaired
 * 911: Emergency (only in cities where 100, 101 and 107 have been merged into one emergency number, such as the Buenos Aires Metro Area and Buenos Aires Province )

title: Telephone numbers in Argentina


text:
Galinhas

Galinhas (Ilha das Galinhas) is an island in the Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau. Galinhas is located about 25 km southwest of Bolama town. The Canal de Bolama separates it from Bolama Island, the easternmost island of the group that lies close to the mainland. The area of the island is 50 km2, its length is 10 km and its width is 6 km.

During the colonial period a prison functioned on the island, called (in Portuguese) Colónia Penal e Agrícola da Ilha das Galinhas.

The island has a population of 1,633 (2009 census). Landmarks on the island include the former Portuguese prison and governor's house. Some boats from Bissau to Bubaque call at the island. Nearby islands and islets includes Formosa to the west and Roxa to the south. There is a lighthouse on the island, with focal height 9 m.

José Carlos Schwarz (1949-1977), a famous Bissau-Guinean poet and musician, sang a song about the island entitled Diju di Galinha.

title: Galinhas


text:
List of Charmed episodes

Charmed is an American television series created by Constance M. Burge. In the United States, Charmed premiered on The WB on October 7, 1998 and ended on May 21, 2006, with 178 episodes. Charmed originally aired on Wednesday nights at 9:00 pm, before moving to Thursday nights for its second, third and fourth seasons. For the fifth season, the series moved to Sunday nights at 8:00 pm and remained there until its eighth and final season.

The first episode, "Something Wicca This Way Comes", garnered 7.7 million viewers and broke the record for the highest-rated debut episode for The WB. During its fifth season, Charmed became the highest-rated Sunday night program in The WB's history. By the end of its eighth season, Charmed had become the second-longest drama broadcast by The WB and broke the record for the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads, later overtaken in 2012 by Desperate Housewives.

title: List of Charmed episodes


text:
List of dialling codes in Brazil

Country Code: +55 International Call Prefix: 00 then Carrier Code Trunk Prefix: 0 then Carrier Code

This article contains a list of area codes in Brazil for telephone dialing. The area codes are distributed geographically, citing the main cities in each area.

Local phone numbers in Brazil observe an eight-digit pattern (nnnn-nnnn) for landlines and nine digits (nnnnn-nnnn) for mobile phones. Mobile numbers share the same geographic area codes as landlines, but the first digit differentiates them. Landline numbers start with digits 2 through 5. Initial digits 6 through 9 are reserved for mobile numbers, but as of 2017 all mobile numbers in Brazil start with the digit 9. (There is an exception for some iDEN mobile lines operated by Nextel, which are eight digits long and start with 7 and disestablished in 2018.)

Area codes have two digits, and are often notated between parentheses: (aa) nnnn-nnnn. For long-distance calls within Brazil, a zero (0) must be dialed first, then a carrier selection code (for example, 21 for Embratel and 41 for TIM Brasil), then the two-digit area code, then the local number. For example, to call the number 2222-2222 in Fortaleza (area code 85) using Oi (selection code 31) as the chosen carrier, one would dial 0 31 85 2222 2222.

For international calls to Brazil, the international access code used in the calling country must be dialed (for example, 011 from the United States and Canada, 00 from Europe and most other countries, or the actual "+" sign from some mobile networks), then Brazil's country code 55, then the two-digit area code, then the local eight- or nine-digit number. For example, to call the number 3333-3333 in Rio de Janeiro (area code 21) from Europe, one would dial 00 55 21 3333 3333.

1 State of São Paulo

 * 11 – São Paulo metropolitan area
 * 12 – Vale do Paraíba (São José dos Campos, Taubaté, Guaratinguetá) and Northern coast (Ubatuba, São Sebastião)
 * 13 – Baixada Santista (Santos, São Vicente, Guarujá) and Southern coast (Registro, Itanhaém)
 * 14 – Central (Bauru, Marília, Botucatu)
 * 15 – Southwest (Sorocaba, Itapetininga)
 * 16 – Northeast (Ribeirão Preto, Franca, São Carlos)
 * 17 – Northwest (São José do Rio Preto, Catanduva, Barretos)
 * 18 – West (Presidente Prudente, Araçatuba)
 * 19 – Central-South (Campinas, Piracicaba, Limeira)

Rio de Janeiro (21, 22 and 24)

 * 21 – Greater Rio de Janeiro and Teresópolis
 * 22 – East and North (Campos dos Goytacazes, Cabo Frio, Nova Friburgo)
 * 23 – reserved
 * 24 – West (Petrópolis, Volta Redonda, Angra dos Reis)
 * 25 and 26 – reserved

Espírito Santo (27 and 28)

 * 27 – Central and North (Vitória, Linhares, Colatina)
 * 28 – South ( Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Castelo)
 * 29 – reserved

3 State of Minas Gerais

 * 31 – Central (Greater Belo Horizonte, Sete Lagoas, Ipatinga)
 * 32 – Southeast (Juiz de Fora, Muriaé, Barbacena)
 * 33 – East and Northeast (Governador Valadares, Teófilo Otoni)
 * 34 – West (Uberlândia, Uberaba, Patos de Minas)
 * 35 – Southwest (Poços de Caldas, Varginha, Pouso Alegre)
 * 36 – reserved
 * 37 – Central-West (Divinópolis)
 * 38 – North (Montes Claros, Diamantina)
 * 39 – reserved

Paraná (41–46)

 * 41 – Greater Curitiba and coast (Paranaguá)
 * 42 – Central-South (Ponta Grossa, Guarapuava)
 * 43 – Northeast (Londrina, Apucarana)
 * 44 – Northwest (Maringá, Umuarama)
 * 45 – West (Foz do Iguaçu, Cascavel)
 * 46 – Southwest (Francisco Beltrão, Pato Branco)

Santa Catarina (47–49)

 * 47 – Northeast (Joinville, Blumenau, Itajaí)
 * 48 – Greater Florianópolis and South (Criciúma, Tubarão)
 * 49 – Central and West (Lages, Chapecó)

5 State of Rio Grande do Sul

 * 51 – Greater Porto Alegre, Central-South (Santa Cruz do Sul), Northern coast (Torres)
 * 52 – reserved
 * 53 – South (Pelotas, Rio Grande, Bagé)
 * 54 – North (Caxias do Sul, Passo Fundo)
 * 55 – Central, West and Northwest (Santa Maria, Uruguaiana, Ijuí)
 * 56–59 – reserved

Federal District (part of 61)

 * 61 – entire Federal District (Brasília) and surrounding area of Goiás state

Goiás (part of 61, plus 62 and 64)

 * 61 – area surrounding Brasília
 * 62 – Central and North (Greater Goiânia, Anápolis)
 * 64 – South and West (Rio Verde, Itumbiara, Catalão)

Tocantins (63)

 * 63 – entire State of Tocantins (capital city Palmas)

Mato Grosso (65 and 66)

 * 65 – Southwest (Cuiabá, Cáceres)
 * 66 – East and North (Rondonópolis, Sinop)

Mato Grosso do Sul (67)

 * 67 – entire State of Mato Grosso do Sul (capital city Campo Grande)

Acre (68)

 * 68 – entire State of Acre (capital city Rio Branco)

Rondônia (69)

 * 69 – entire State of Rondônia (capital city Porto Velho)

Bahia (71, 73–75, 77)

 * 71 – Greater Salvador
 * 72 – reserved
 * 73 – South (Ilhéus, Itabuna, Porto Seguro, Jequié)
 * 74 – Northwest (Juazeiro)
 * 75 – Northeast (Feira de Santana)
 * 76 – reserved
 * 77 – Southwest and West (Vitória da Conquista, Barreiras)
 * 78 – reserved (formerly used by Embratel for maritime telecommunications and for the RENPAC dialled data communication system)

Sergipe (79)

 * 79 – entire State of Sergipe (capital city Aracaju)

Pernambuco (81 and 87)

 * 81 – East (Greater Recife, Caruaru, Fernando de Noronha)
 * 87 – Central and West (Petrolina, Garanhuns)

Alagoas (82)

 * 82 – entire State of Alagoas (capital city Maceió)

Paraíba (83)

 * 83 – entire State of Paraíba (capital city João Pessoa)

Rio Grande do Norte (84)

 * 84 – entire State of Rio Grande do Norte (capital city Natal)

Ceará (85 and 88)

 * 85 – Greater Fortaleza
 * 88 – Central, West and South (Juazeiro do Norte, Sobral)

Piauí (86 and 89)

 * 86 – North (Teresina, Parnaíba)
 * 89 – Central and South (Picos, Floriano)

Pará (91, 93 and 94)

 * 91 – Northeast (Greater Belém, Capanema)
 * 93 – Central and West (Santarém, Altamira)
 * 94 – Southeast (Marabá, Carajás)

Amazonas (92 and 97)

 * 92 – Northeast (Greater Manaus, Itacoatiara, Parintins)
 * 97 – Central, South and West (Coari, Tabatinga, Humaitá)

Roraima (95)

 * 95 – entire State of Roraima (capital city Boa Vista)

Amapá (96)

 * 96 – entire State of Amapá (capital city Macapá)

Maranhão (98 and 99)

 * 98 – North (Greater São Luís, Pinheiro)
 * 99 – Central and South (Imperatriz, Caxias)

Exceptions
In a few exceptional cases, some area codes span state borders to cater for tightly integrated interstate communities:

 * Two villages straddle the Preto river on the Minas Gerais–Rio de Janeiro state border. So, the village of Maringá (not to be confused with the homonymous large city in the State of Paraná) lies partly in the Rio de Janeiro municipality of Itatiaia and partly in the Minas Gerais municipality of Bocaina de Minas, while the village of Porto das Flores is divided between the municipalities of Rio das Flores (Rio de Janeiro) and Belmiro Braga (Minas Gerais). Both sides of these villages use the Rio de Janeiro area code 24. Outside these villages, their respective Minas Gerais municipalities use the proper regional area code 32.
 * Two border cities in the State of Paraná are contiguous with larger cities in Santa Catarina and use area codes from the latter state: Rio Negro (contiguous with Mafra) uses area code 47, and Barracão (contiguous with Dionísio Cerqueira) uses area code 49.
 * Conversely, the border city of Porto União in the State of Santa Catarina is contiguous with the larger Paraná city of União da Vitória and uses the latter state's area code 42.
 * The cities of Barão de Grajaú and Alto Parnaíba, in the State of Maranhão, are respectively conurbated with Floriano and Santa Filomena, in the State of Piauí, and use the latter state's area code 89 for landlines. Most local mobile phones in Alto Parnaíba, though, use Southern Maranhão area code 99. Also in Maranhão, the city of Timon, which is next to the Piauí capital city of Teresina, formerly used northern Piauí area code 86, but now it uses the Maranhão area code 99.
 * Area code 61 primarily serves the Federal District (comprising the national capital city, Brasília), but it also serves some surrounding municipalities in the State of Goiás, such as Formosa, Valparaíso de Goiás and Luziânia. Formerly, area code 61 was even larger and used to include northwestern Minas Gerais (Unaí, Paracatu), now in that state's area code 38.
 * Until the 1990s, the city of Paranaíba, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and served by Companhia Telefônica do Brasil Central (now Algar Telecom) used the code 176. Today, this city, like the others in this state, use the area code 67. Until 1997, the city of Fronteira was connected to the network of the municipality of Icém, which used the code 172, and this year the network was transferred to Companhia Telefônica do Brasil Central and started to use the area code 34.

title: List of dialling codes in Brazil


text:
Samuel van den Bergh

Samuel van den Bergh (6 April 1864, in Geffen – 4 February 1941, in Nice) was one of the main European Jewish margarine and soap manufacturers in the early 20th century.

In 1888, the year his father, Simon van den Bergh, opened his first German margarine factory in Kleve, van den Bergh joined his father's margarine company, of which he became general director in 1909 after his father's death in 1907. He was initially in fierce competition with another manufacturer from Oss, Netherlands, named Antonius Johannes Jurgens, whose grandfather, Antoon Jurgens, had founded the first margarine factory in the world in 1870 in Oss by "using" a French patent and operated another German factory in nearby Goch. Both competitors merged in 1927 to form the Margarine Unie in Rotterdam (which would merge in 1930 with Lever Brothers to form Unilever).

title: Samuel van den Bergh