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Outline of electrical engineering

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to electrical engineering.

Electrical engineering – field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical power supply. It now covers a range of subtopics including power, electronics, control systems, signal processing and telecommunications.

Classification
Electrical engineering can be described as all of the following:

 * Academic discipline – branch of knowledge that is taught and researched at the college or university level. Disciplines are defined (in part), and recognized by the academic journals in which research is published, and the learned societies and academic departments or faculties to which their practitioners belong.
 * Branch of engineering – discipline, skill, and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.

Branches of electrical engineering

 * Power engineering
 * Control engineering
 * Electronic engineering
 * Microelectronics
 * Signal processing
 * Telecommunications engineering
 * Instrumentation engineering
 * Electro-Optical Engineering
 * Computer engineering

Related disciplines

 * Biomedical engineering
 * Engineering physics
 * Mechanical engineering
 * Mechatronics

History of electrical engineering
History of electrical engineering
 * Timeline of electrical and electronic engineering

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism
 * Electricity
 * Magnetism
 * Electromagnetic spectrum
 * Optical spectrum
 * Electrostatics
 * Electric charge
 * Coulomb's law
 * Electric field
 * Gauss's law
 * Electric potential
 * Magnetostatics
 * Electric current
 * Ampère's law
 * Magnetic field
 * Magnetic moment
 * Electrodynamics
 * Lorentz force law
 * Electromotive force
 * Electromagnetic induction
 * Faraday-Lenz law
 * Displacement current
 * Maxwell's equations
 * Electromagnetic field
 * Electromagnetic radiation
 * Electrical circuits
 * Antenna
 * Electrical resistance
 * Capacitance
 * Inductance
 * Impedance
 * Resonant cavity
 * Transmission line
 * Waveguide

Physical laws
Physical laws
 * Ampère's law
 * Coulomb's law
 * Faraday's law of induction/Faraday-Lenz law
 * Gauss's law
 * Kirchhoff's circuit laws
 * Current law
 * Voltage law
 * Maxwell's equations
 * Gauss's law
 * Faraday's law of induction
 * Ampère's law
 * Ohm's law

Control engineering
Control engineering
 * Control theory
 * Adaptive control
 * Control theory
 * Digital control
 * Nonlinear control
 * Optimal control
 * Intelligent control
 * Fuzzy control
 * Model predictive control
 * System properties:
 * Exponential stability
 * Marginal stability
 * BIBO stability
 * Lyapunov stability (i.e., asymptotic stability)
 * Input-to-state (ISS) stability
 * Controllability
 * Observability
 * Negative feedback
 * Positive feedback
 * System modeling and analysis:
 * System identification
 * State observer
 * First principles modeling
 * Least squares
 * Kalman filter
 * Root locus
 * Extended Kalman filter
 * Signal-flow graph
 * State space representation
 * Artificial neural networks
 * Controllers:
 * Closed-loop controller
 * PID controller
 * Programmable logic controller
 * Embedded controller
 * Field oriented controller
 * Direct torque controller
 * Digital signal controller
 * Pulse-width modulation controller
 * Control applications:
 * Industrial Control Systems
 * Process Control
 * Distributed Control System
 * Mechatronics
 * Motion control
 * Supervisory control (SCADA)

Electronics
Electronics
 * Electrical network/Circuit
 * Circuit laws
 * Kirchhoff's circuit laws
 * Current law
 * Voltage law
 * Y-delta transform
 * Ohm's law
 * Electrical element/Discretes
 * Passive elements:
 * Capacitor
 * Inductor
 * Resistor
 * Hall effect sensor
 * Active elements:
 * Microcontroller
 * Operational amplifier
 * Semiconductors:
 * Diode
 * Zener diode
 * Light-emitting diode
 * PIN diode
 * Schottky diode
 * Avalanche diode
 * Laser diode
 * DIAC
 * Thyristor
 * Transistor
 * Bipolar transistor (BJT)
 * Field effect transistor (FET)
 * Darlington transistor
 * IGBT
 * TRIAC
 * Mosfet
 * Electronic design automation

Power engineering
Power engineering
 * Generation
 * Electrical generator
 * Renewable electricity
 * Hydropower
 * Transmission
 * Electricity pylon
 * Transformer
 * Transmission line
 * Distribution
 * Processes:
 * Alternating current
 * Direct current
 * Single-phase electric power
 * Two-phase electric power
 * Three-phase power
 * Power electronics / Electro-mechanical
 * Inverter
 * Static VAR compensator
 * Variable-frequency drive
 * Ward Leonard control

Electric vehicles
Electric vehicles
 * Electric motor
 * Hybrid electric vehicle
 * Plug-in hybrid
 * Rechargeable battery
 * Vehicle-to-grid
 * Smart Grid

Signal processing
Signal processing
 * Analog signal processing
 * Digital signal processing
 * Quantization
 * Sampling
 * Analog-to-digital converter, Digital-to-analog converter
 * Continuous signal, Discrete signal
 * Down sampling
 * Nyquist frequency
 * Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
 * Oversampling
 * Sample and hold
 * Sampling frequency
 * Undersampling
 * Upsampling
 * Audio signal processing
 * Audio noise reduction
 * Speech processing
 * Equalization (audio)
 * Digital image processing
 * Geometric transformation
 * Color correction
 * Computer vision
 * Image noise reduction
 * Edge detection
 * Image editing
 * Segmentation
 * Data compression
 * Lossless data compression
 * Lossy data compression
 * Filtering
 * Analog filter
 * Audio filter
 * Digital filter
 * Finite impulse response
 * Infinite impulse response
 * Electronic filter
 * Analogue filter
 * Filter (signal processing)
 * Band-pass filter
 * Band-stop filter
 * Butterworth filter
 * Chebyshev filter
 * High-pass filter
 * Kalman filter
 * Low-pass filter
 * Notch filter
 * Sallen Key filter
 * Wiener filter
 * Transforms
 * Advanced Z-transform
 * Bilinear transform
 * Continuous Fourier transform
 * Discrete cosine transform
 * Discrete Fourier transform, Fast Fourier transform (FFT)
 * Discrete sine transform
 * Fourier transform
 * Hilbert transform
 * Laplace transform, Two-sided Laplace transform
 * Z-transform

Instrumentation

 * Actuator
 * Electric motor
 * Oscilloscope

Telecommunication
Telecommunication
 * Telephone
 * Pulse-code modulation (PCM)
 * Main distribution frame (MDF)
 * Carrier system
 * Mobile phone
 * Wireless network
 * Optical fiber
 * Modulation
 * Carrier wave
 * Communication channel
 * Information theory
 * Error correction and detection
 * Digital television
 * Digital audio broadcasting
 * Satellite radio
 * Satellite

Electrical engineering occupations

 * Occupations in electrical/electronics engineering
 * Electrical Technologist

Electrical engineering organizations

 * International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

Electrical engineering publications

 * IEEE Spectrum
 * IEEE series of journals Hawkins Electrical Guide
 * Iterative Receiver Design
 * Journal of Electrical Engineering

Persons influential in electrical engineering

 * List of electrical engineers and their contributions
 * List of Russian electrical engineers

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Outline of electrical engineering


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Koch Island

Koch Island is one of the Canadian Arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. Located in Foxe Basin, it is an uninhabited Baffin Island offshore island. Located at 69°38'N 78°20'W, it has an area of 458 km2.

title: Koch Island


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Saleen

Saleen Automotive, Inc., commonly known as Saleen (/səˈliːn/), is an American manufacturer of specialty high-performance sports cars and high-performance automotive parts. Saleen is headquartered in Corona, California, USA and privately held.

Saleen's flagship car was the Saleen S7, introduced in 2000. The S7 was wholly built by Saleen and features a mid-engine design in a high-performance sports-car package. It is also currently the only Saleen production car not based on an existing design or chassis.

Saleen currently manufactures the S302 (Mustang-based), the Ford F-150-based Saleen Sportruck, and Sportruck XR, a Saleen Tesla GTX and Saleen S1, a new Saleen sports car, and a limited-run successor to the S7 sports car, the S7 LM.

In 2017, Saleen formed a partnership with the city of Rugao to form Jiangsu Saleen Automotive Technology. to produce and distribute Saleen vehicles in China for the Chinese market. The company's only mass-produced model, the Maimai, had a maximum speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) and a new European driving cycle range of 305 km, was introduced in 2019, but only 27 had sold as of April 2021. In May 2020, the former legal manager at Saleen, Qiao Yudong, revealed that the chairman of the company, Wang Xiaolin, had made false claims about technology investment and embezzled a significant amount of state capital by inflating the costs of so-called "car-making technologies". Wang then absconded to the United States. As a result, the local court closed down two local factories of Saleen Auto, froze the equity of four companies held by Wang, and shuttered Saleen Auto's Shanghai branch.

1980s
The Saleen brand was established in 1983 originally as "Saleen Autosport" by Steve Saleen, a former professional Formula Atlantic race-car driver. The first Saleens were produced in 1984 when they built three cars as the first production run – a white hatchback, a copper-glow hatchback, and a black hatchback.

In 1985, Steve Saleen put the first certified supercharger on a production Saleen Mustang. This car was delivered to Nault Ford in Manchester, New Hampshire, and was the first use of a centrifugal supercharger on a late-model Mustang.

In 1986, the Saleen made its entry into the Sport Car Club of America race series with a race-prepared version of the Saleen Mustang. A notable win that year at the 24 Hours of Mosport was the catalyst for Saleen vehicles becoming heavily involved in motorsport throughout the rest of the 1980s.

1990s
By 1990, in response to increased aftermarket parts demand, Saleen established Saleen Performance Parts as an independent operation.

In 1994, Saleen debuted the S351, which had a Saleen-built 351 cubic-inch engine. Despite the Mustang GT changing to the modular V8 in 1996, Saleen continued with development of their own EPA-certified 351W engine.

In 1995, Steve Saleen teamed up with comedian Tim Allen and formed the Saleen-Allen "RRR" Speedlab race team.

In 1997, Saleen introduced a Saleen Contour concept and an SUV, the Saleen XP8 Explorer.

In the late 1990s, the company was restructured and became "Saleen, Inc."

2000s
In 2000, Saleen introduced its flagship vehicle, the Saleen S7 sports car. The S7 is a mid-engine, high-performance sports car that was initially priced at just under US$400,000. The S7 won four different GT championships in 2001 and has broken records at the prestigious 24 Hours of Le Mans race. The S7 was Saleen's only production car not based on an existing design or chassis.

In 2001, Saleen moved its production facilities to a new 100,000-square-foot facility in Irvine, California.

In 2002, Saleen was awarded the assembly and paint contract for the new Ford sports car, the Ford GT. This effectively made Saleen a tier-1 supplier to the Ford Motor Company.

In 2003, Saleen set up a special manufacturing and licensing agreement for distribution of Saleen vehicles in Canada.

In 2004, Saleen expanded its operations and manufacturing to an additional 203,000-square-foot facility in Troy, Michigan. The new $15 million production facility included a high-tech paint facility and assembly line where Saleen produced the Ford GT under contract from Ford Motor Company.

In 2005, global distribution was expanded to include Japan under a new partnership with a Tokyo-based importer.

In 2006, Saleen opened its first own-branded retail store in an outdoor shopping center, in Irvine. The showroom was described as a unique shopping experience for Saleen vehicles, parts, and apparel.

In 2007, Saleen began working with Chrysler and supplied all the paint work for the new Dodge Viper.

2010s
In 2010, 2011 Saleen Mustangs were made in Detroit by Revstone, the company that purchased and legally produced 42 Saleens those years. Steve Saleen was selling Mustangs under the SMS name, as he did not legally own the name Saleen. At the end of 2011, an agreement was reached between Ford, Revstone, and Steve Saleen to let him start producing under the Saleen name again. On June 26, 2013, Saleen became public through a reverse merger. It was listed on the OTC Bulletin Board and is controlled and majority owned by Saleen brand founder Steve Saleen. Later that year, the Saleen operations, manufacturing, research and development, and paint facilities were announced to be consolidated to an expansive four-acre campus in Southern California.

In 2014, Saleen entered into an agreement to expand vehicle distribution to include China. In August 2014, Saleen unveiled an all-electric performance model, the Foursixteen (a tuned version of the Tesla Model S). By the end of that year, the company was in significant debt and on the verge of bankruptcy.

During 2015, in an attempt to raise money, the company offered a Saleen Mustang to investors who put up more than $1 million in capital. The company settled a lawsuit with a journalist critical of their business models.

The Securities and Exchange Commission de-listed Saleen and revoked the registration of its securities on October 12, 2017. The company reverted to being privately held at this time.

In 2019, the Chinese joint venture presented an updated version of the Saleen S7 (called the S7 Le Mans), at an event which featured Jason Statham. In addition to their American hypercar, Jiangsu Secco Automobile Technology Corporation also promoted a few Rugao-built vehicles, including their electric microcar called the "MaiMai" and a crossover called the "MAC".

Continuing its financial struggles in 2022, the company began several dubious funding initiatives and was working to enter the electric vehicle market.

Jiangsu Saleen Automotive Technology
In 2017, along with partner Charles Wang, Saleen formed a partnership with the city of Rugao to form a company named "Jiangsu Saleen Automotive Technology" in the city of Rugao. The company was to produce and distribute Saleen vehicles in China for the Chinese market. The company's only mass-produced model, the Maimai, had a maximum speed of 100 km/h and a new European driving cycle range of 305 km, was introduced in 2019, but only 27 had sold as of April 2021. In May 2020, the former legal manager at Saleen, Qiao Yudong, revealed that the chairman of the company, Wang Xiaolin, had made false claims about technology investment and embezzled a significant amount of state capital by inflating the costs of so-called "car-making technologies". Wang then absconded to the United States. As a result, the local Court closed down two local factories of Saleen Auto, froze the equity of four companies held by Wang, and shuttered Saleen Auto's Shanghai branch.

Special vehicles
These are special vehicles made by Saleen, that were either nonproduction models, concept vehicles, or nonserialized versions.

Saleen Performance Parts
The aftermarket parts department of the company markets car parts and accessories such as custom wheels, exhaust systems, brakes, and other high-performance parts.

 * Superchargers
 * Series I – This was the first supercharger system created by Saleen. It was engineered with an Eaton Roots-type supercharger in 1998.
 * Series II – Launched in 2001, the Series II supercharger was a newer generation Eaton M90 Roots-type.
 * Series III – This was a larger version of the Eaton supercharger. Going from 90 ci of displacement to 112 ci.
 * Series IV – The Series IV switched from a Roots-type supercharger to a twin-screw-type. This version had 1.6 L of displacement.
 * Series V – This marked the first forced-induction system developed entirely in-house by Saleen and designed around Lysholm-sourced compressor screws with 2.3 L of displacement.
 * Series VI – This was very similar to the Series V supercharger with added boost pressure producing more horsepower. This supercharger system was available in versions for the 2005–2009 Ford Mustang, the 2004–2008 Ford F-150 5.4 L truck, Ford Expedition, Lincoln Mark LT, and Lincoln Navigator.
 * Saleen Shakercharger – A ram-air intake system for the Ford Mustang, it incorporated the Saleen Series VI supercharger with a functional hood scoop system borrowing its appearance from the S302PJ. This product was the result of design collaboration among Saleen's engineering interns in 2007 and 2008.
 * iPod adapter – a factory-installed option, it was available across all of Saleen's products line that provides for an integrated iPod connection to the radio head unit. Saleen also offered this option as an aftermarket-installed product through their Speedlabs division.
 * 2005–2009 Mustang HID headlamps – OEM, DOT approved bi-xenon headlamps offered by Saleen that fit 2005–2009 Mustangs. As of early 2007, these were the only OEM-grade, street-legal HID headlamps available for the Ford Mustang.
 * Saleen Mustang Scenic Roof – Available across Saleen's Mustang-based products, this comprises a glass full-roof panel that replaces the traditional Mustang coupe roof in lieu of a sunroof option. The scenic roof was manufactured from tempered laminate glass and fully certified according to U.S. NHTSA standards.
 * Frost Touch Scenic Roof – This is a version of the scenic roof that contains Smart glass, which has the ability to change from clear to opaque by flipping a switch.
 * Watt's Link – developed in 2007, Saleen designed a version of the popular Watt's link for 2005–2009 Ford Mustangs.

Colorlab Automotive Paints
During the development of the Saleen SR in 1995, Saleen formed a strategic partnership with BASF that resulted in the development of unique paint color formulations coupled with advertising centered around Saleen products. During this time, the Saleen paint color "Mystic" was formulated to give the color a chameleon-like effect. Shortly after, an updated color called "Rainbow" was released as an evolved version of the "Mystic" color which gave a more chameleon-like effect by displaying more color changes.

Since this time, the Saleen paint color Liztick Red Metallic, named for Steve's wife, Liz, was developed along with 12 more colors, including two named for Steve's daughter, Molly Saleen, Mollypop Pink and Chrome Molly. Other Saleen-exclusive colors include Plum Insane Metallic, Burnout Black Pearl, Tire Smoke White Pearl, Sour Apple Green Metallic, Orange County Orange Metallic, Maliblue Metallic, Speedlab Yellow, Shark Skin Metallic, Beryllium Copper Metallic, and California Sunset Metallic.

In 2014, Saleen signed an agreement that made BASF the exclusive paint supplier for Saleen.

Motorsport

Saleen's birth year of 1984 also marked the first year that a Saleen Mustang was entered into a race, when owner Steve Saleen introduced the first streetcar, the Saleen Mustang, and raced it at Sears Point Raceway, California.

In 1986, Saleen entered the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) Endurance Series with a race-prepared version of the Saleen Mustang, winning the grueling 24 Hours of Mosport, Canada, with a sponsorship from General Tire.

An SCCA Drivers' Championship went to Saleen in 1987. The Saleen three-car team with drivers Steve Saleen, Parnelli Jones, and George Follmer also captured the Team, Manufacturer, and Tire championships, with sponsorship from General Tire. Saleen entered the SCCA Endurance Series with an all-female driving team including Desire Wilson and Lisa Cacares, who obtained the team's first victory of the season at Sears Point, California. Saleen Autosport also entered a General Tire-backed, Ford Ranger-based, Saleen Sportruck in the SCCA Race Truck Challenge, where they captured two wins.

In 1988, the Saleen race team finished first, second, and third at 24 Hours of Mosport for the third consecutive win and gave Ford its first 1-2-3 finish since LeMans in the late 1960s.

The year 1989 was busy for the Saleen race team. They entered the PPG Indy Car World Series with a team backed by Montgomery Ward. Saleen Mustangs and Sportrucks also continued their winning campaigns in SCCA Competition with General Tire sponsorship.

In 1990, Saleen entered the SCCA Trans-Am series with a Saleen Mustang backed by General Tire.

Adding to their wins in 1991, Saleen won the SCCA Race Truck championship with five victories in six races, which moved Saleen into a tie for the most victories in the series (49) and the Manufacturers' Championship. Owner and driver Steve Saleen campaigned the Trans-Am series with Saleen Mustang with sponsorship from Champion Batteries.

Saleen returned to SCCA Endurance competition in 1993 with a supercharged Saleen in the World Challenge Series.

In 1995, Saleen formed the Saleen/Allen "RRR" Speedlab with Tim Allen. The team of Steve Saleen, Tim Allen, and Bob Bondurant set new track records and won the final race of the SCCA World Challenge series. For 1996, The Saleen/Allen "RRR" Speedlab, with teammates Steve Saleen and Tim Allen won the SCCA Manufacturers’ Championship with the SR Widebody Saleen Mustang. Saleen also won at Watkins Glen International Raceway. In 1997, Saleen/Allen "RRR" Speedlab competed at 24 Hours of Le Mans for the first time, marking the Mustang's first return in over 30 years. Saleen also clinched the SCCA Manufacturers’ Championship title for the third time. 1998 brought more wins for the Saleen/Allen "RRR" Speedlab. The team won both the SCCA Manufacturers' and Drivers' Championship titles. ome 1999, an ex-LeMans Saleen SR won the Spanish FIA GT championship.

In 2000, Saleen competed in the inaugural Grand American Road Racing season, Saleen captured the Drivers' Championship and clinched the Manufacturers' and Team Championships in the season finale at Watkins Glen International Raceway. Saleen customer cars participated in the Speedvision World Challenge—earning a victory at Lime Rock Park. For the 2001 race season, the racing version of the S7, the Saleen S7R, was introduced. The S7R dominated racetracks during its inaugural season. Saleen S7R customer teams won four Drivers’ Championships in four different series (American LeMans, European LeMans, Grand Am, and Spanish GT). Teams driving the S7R achieved 19 wins out of 32 races including the 12 Hours of Sebring. The S7R grabbed 27 poles and set 27 fastest laps, at many tracks, including the prestigious 24 Hours of LeMans. 2002 brought more victories for the S7R. Customer teams continued to operate in four series (American LeMans, Grand Am, British GT, and Spanish GT) winning 18 out of 40 races, three Drivers’ Championships, and several more Team and Manufacturers' Championships. It also won 21 poles and set 23 fastest laps.

In 2004, while Europe watched, the Saleen S7R captured the 1st place win at Imola, Italy, beating home-track favorites Ferrari, Maserati, and Lamborghini, and the debuting Maserati MC-12.

In 2006 the Saleen/Oreca Race Team drove the S7 race version and captured the fastest lap and took the victory at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. Saleen also began support of formula race teams in Europe. S7 racecars and spare parts were donated to the effort of trying to win on the European circuit.

OEM Development
In 2002, Saleen was awarded the partial assembly and paint contract for the 2004–2006 Ford GT.

Beginning with the 2007 model year, the Saleen-designed 450 hp supercharger kit in the F-150-based S331 was offered by Ford as a ship-through Ford-endorsed performance option on Harley Davidson Edition F150s.

At the 2007 New York International Auto Show, Chip Foose unveiled a Ford-endorsed limited edition F150, powered by the Saleen-designed powertrain used on the Saleen S331SC.

title: Saleen


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Vilma Bánky

Vilma Bánky (born Vilma Koncsics; 9 January 1901 – 18 March 1991) was a Hungarian-American silent film actress. Although her acting career began in Budapest, and she later worked in France, Austria, and Germany, Bánky was best known for her roles in the American films The Eagle and The Son of the Sheik with Rudolph Valentino, and for several romantic teamings with Ronald Colman.

Early life
Bánky was born on 9 January 1901 (although some sources give her birth year as 1898) to János Bánky Koncsics and Katalin Ulbert, in Nagydorog, Austria-Hungary. Her father was a bureau chief in Franz Joseph's Austro-Hungarian Empire. Shortly after her birth, her father, a police sergeant, was transferred to Budapest, and the family relocated. She had two siblings – an older brother, Gyula, and a younger sister, Gizella. After graduation from secondary school, Bánky (as she would later be known) took courses to work as a stenographer, but was offered a role in a film.

Career
She was hailed as "The Hungarian Rhapsody" and was an immediate hit with American audiences. The New York Times remarked in its review of her first American film, The Dark Angel (1925), that she "is a young person of rare beauty ... so exquisite that one is not in the least surprised that she is never forgotten by Hillary Trent" (the movie's leading male character who decides to allow his family and fiancee to believe him dead rather than place what he perceives as the burden on them of a life caring for a blinded war veteran).

She appeared opposite silent film star Rudolph Valentino in The Eagle (1925) and The Son of the Sheik (1926). Valentino reportedly was fascinated by Vilma, and chose her as the leading lady in the films. She also appeared opposite Ronald Colman in a series of love stories, including The Dark Angel and The Winning of Barbara Worth. It is commonly believed that her thick Hungarian accent led, with the advent of sound, to her career being cut short; however, she began losing interest in films and wanted to settle down with Rod La Rocque and simply be his wife. In 1930, she announced her retirement.

Of her 24 films, eight exist in their entirety (Hotel Potemkin, Der Zirkuskönig (The King of the Circus) with Max Linder, The Son of the Sheik, The Eagle, The Winning of Barbara Worth, The Night of Love, A Lady to Love, and The Rebel), and three exist in fragments (Tavaszi szerelem in scattered bits, the first five reels of The Magic Flame, and an incomplete copy of Two Lovers).

Personal life and death
She married actor Rod La Rocque in 1927; they remained married until his death in 1969. The couple had no children.

Bánky died on 18 March 1991, from cardiopulmonary failure, aged 90, but notice of her death was not made public until the following year. She was reportedly upset that no one had come to visit her in her last years, and directed her lawyer to make no mention of her death. Her ashes were scattered at sea where her husband's had been consigned.

For her contributions to the film industry, Bánky received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. Her star is located at 7021 Hollywood Boulevard.

In popular culture

 * Bánky is mentioned by Mr. Burns in The Simpsons episode "Homer Defined".

 * William Holden's character Joe Gillis references Bánky in the film Sunset Boulevard.

title: Vilma Bánky


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Kapuiviit

Kapuiviit (Inuktitut syllabics: ᑲᐳᐃᕖᑦ ) formerly Jens Munk Island, for Dano-Norwegian explorer Jens Munk, is one of the Canadian arctic islands in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is an uninhabited Baffin Island offshore island with an area of 920 km2.

The island presently has no permanent resident population (since displacements driven by colonialism took place in the 1950s and 1960s) but it remains an important outpost camp in the Igloolik Island area. Historically, however, it was the location of Kapuivik, a hunting camp which is now an important archaeological site for the research of pre-Inuit peoples including the Dorset (Tuniit), Pre-Dorset and Paleo-Inuit.

Kapuivik was also the birthplace of noted film director Zacharias Kunuk.

title: Kapuiviit


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Fíachu Tolgrach

Fíachu Tolgrach, son of Muiredach Bolgrach, was a legendary High King of Ireland, according to some medieval and early modern Irish sources. In the Lebor Gabála Érenn he is not a High King: he kills the former High King Art mac Lugdach, but during the reign of Art's son Ailill Finn he is killed in battle against Airgetmar. His son Dui Ladrach later becomes High King. However, in Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn and the Annals of the Four Masters he succeeds Art as High King and rules for seven or ten years, until he is killed by Ailill Finn, who succeeds him. The chronology of Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 593–586 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 806–796 BC.

title: Fíachu Tolgrach


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Epigenome

In biology, the epigenome of an organism is the collection of chemical changes to its DNA and histone proteins that affects when, where, and how the DNA is expressed; these changes can be passed down to an organism's offspring via transgenerational stranded epigenetic inheritance. Changes to the epigenome can result in changes to the structure of chromatin and changes to the function of the genome.

The epigenome is involved in regulating gene expression, development, tissue differentiation, and suppression of transposable elements. Unlike the underlying genome, which remains largely static within an individual, the epigenome can be dynamically altered by environmental conditions.

Cancer
Epigenetics is a currently active topic in cancer research. Human tumors undergo a major disruption of DNA methylation and histone modification patterns. The aberrant epigenetic landscape of the cancer cell is characterized by a global genomic hypomethylation, CpG island promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, an altered histone code for critical genes and a global loss of monoacetylated and trimethylated histone H4.

Aging
The idea that DNA damage drives aging by compromising transcription and DNA replication has been widely supported since it was initially developed the 1980s. In recent decades, evidence has accumulated supporting the additional idea that DNA damage and repair elicit widespread epigenome alterations that also contribute to aging (e.g. ). Such epigenome changes include age-related changes in the patterns of DNA methylation and histone modification.

Epigenome research projects
As a prelude to a potential Human Epigenome Project, the Human Epigenome Pilot Project aims to identify and catalogue Methylation Variable Positions (MVPs) in the human genome. Advances in sequencing technology now allow for assaying genome-wide epigenomic states by multiple molecular methodologies. Micro- and nanoscale devices have been constructed or proposed to investigate the epigenome.

An international effort to assay reference epigenomes commenced in 2010 in the form of the International Human Epigenome Consortium (IHEC). IHEC members aim to generate at least 1,000 reference (baseline) human epigenomes from different types of normal and disease-related human cell types.

Roadmap epigenomics project
One goal of the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Project is to generate human reference epigenomes from normal, healthy individuals across a large variety of cell lines, primary cells, and primary tissues. Data produced by the project, which can be browsed and downloaded from the Human Epigenome Atlas, fall into five types that assay different aspects of the epigenome and outcomes of epigenomic states (such as gene expression):

 * 1) Histone Modifications – Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-Seq) identifies genome wide patterns of histone modifications using antibodies against the modifications.
 * 2) DNA Methylation – Whole Genome Bisulfite-Seq, Reduced Representation Bisulfite-Seq (RRBS), Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (MeDIP-Seq), and Methylation-sensitive Restriction Enzyme Sequencing (MRE-Seq) identify DNA methylation across portions of the genome at varying levels of resolution down to basepair level.
 * 3) Chromatin Accessibility –  DNase I hypersensitive sites Sequencing (DNase-Seq) uses the DNase I enzyme to find open or accessible regions in the genome.
 * 4) Gene Expression – RNA-Seq and expression arrays identify expression levels or protein coding genes.
 * 5) Small RNA Expression – smRNA-Seq identifies expression of small noncoding RNA, primarily miRNAs.

Reference epigenomes for healthy individuals will enable the second goal of the Roadmap Epigenomics Project, which is to examine epigenomic differences that occur in disease states such as Alzheimer's disease.

title: Epigenome


text:
Category:PowerPC microprocessors

This category is for microprocessors implementing the PowerPC insruction set.

title: Category:PowerPC microprocessors


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User:Jno/template2

The OKB aircraft was/is a Russian/Soviet _role_ aircraft that first flew in 19XX.

_article_text_

General characteristics

 * Crew:
 * Capacity:
 * Length: m ( ft)
 * Wingspan:  m (  ft) or
 * Main rotor diameter:  m (  ft)
 * Height:  m (  ft)
 * Wing area:  m² (  ft²) or
 * Main rotor area:  m² (  ft²)
 * Empty:  kg (  lb)
 * Loaded:  kg (  lb)
 * Maximum takeoff: kg (  lb)
 * Powerplant: Engine type(s), kN (lb) thrust or
 * Powerplant: Engine type(s), kW ( hp)

Performance

 * Maximum speed: km/h ( mph)
 * Range: km ( miles)
 * Service ceiling:  m (  ft)
 * Rate of climb:  m/min (  ft/min)
 * Wing loading: kg/m² ( lb/ft²) or
 * Main rotor loading: kg/m² ( lb/ft²)
 * Thrust/weight: or
 * Power/mass: kg/kW ( hp/lb)

Armament

 * where applicable

Related content
Related development:

Comparable aircraft:

Designation sequence:

title: User:Jno/template2


text:
Grandparents' Association

The Grandparents' Association is a charitable organization in the United Kingdom that helps grandparents keep in touch with their grandchildren following divorce or separation of the grandchildren's parents. Grandparents in the United Kingdom have no inherent legal right to see their grandchildren. The association was launched in 1987 by a group of grandparents whose grandchildren had been put into foster care or adopted from foster care, or were not allowed any contact with their grandparents.

In contrast, a difficult or disrupted grandparent–parent relationship can threaten proximity of grandparents to grandchildren, contact, involvement and fulfilment of a satisfying grandparental role (Ferguson et al., 2004; Lavers & SonugaBarke, 1997). If (as is usually the case) the children reside with their mother, then paternal grandparents may have to ‘tread carefully’ in obtaining access to their grandchildren; and it can be denied. The consequences of unwanted loss of contact with grandchildren can be devastating. Drew and Smith (2002) sampled grandparents who were members of support groups such as the Grandparents Association; after loss of contact with their grandchildren due to parental divorce, grandparents reported symptoms of bereavement and negative effects on their physical and emotional health (more so than with separation just arising from geographical distance). The hope of reunion with their grandchildren, while not totally unrealistic, makes it difficult to work through the grief process.

title: Grandparents' Association


text:
Regeneration (Star Trek: Enterprise)

"Regeneration" is the forty-ninth episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Enterprise, the twenty-third episode of the second season. It first aired on May 7, 2003, on the UPN in the United States. The episode was written by Mike Sussman and Phyllis Strong, and was directed by David Livingston. It was a follow-up to the feature film Star Trek: First Contact.

Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise, registration NX-01. In this episode, a research team in the Arctic inadvertently triggers the reanimation of several cybernetically enhanced aliens, killed in an apparent spacecraft crash over a hundred years earlier. The aliens assimilate the researchers before escaping into space. The Enterprise pursues the ship and is attacked, forcing Archer to destroy the vessel. Afterwards they discover that the aliens sent a message into the Delta Quadrant containing the coordinates of Earth, a message that will not arrive until the 24th century.

The episode used props and costumes from previous Star Trek series in order to represent the Borg. The guest cast included Bonita Friedericy, the wife of main cast member John Billingsley. The ratings received by the episode were similar to those received during the previous week, and the number of viewers were one of the highest for the year. The critical response to "Regeneration" was mixed, with concerns directed at potential continuity problems, and that the appearance of the Borg was a little obvious. A follow-up episode to "Regeneration" was pitched for the fifth season of Star Trek: Enterprise but the show was cancelled at the end of the fourth season.

Plot
A team of researchers discover remains of a crashed spaceship in the Arctic Circle, finding two humanoids with cybernetic implants frozen in the wreckage. The bodies are taken to a nearby compound to be studied. The scientists marvel at the nanoprobes that begin to repair the long dead aliens. One of the seemingly dead subjects attacks the scientists, assimilating them. Using scavenged parts from the wreckage of the Borg ship to enhance the transport, they escape into space, upgrading it with a faster warp drive and weapons.

Admiral Forrest orders Enterprise to rescue the "kidnapped" researchers. They soon receive a distress call from a Tarkalean freighter, and they arrive to discover the ship under attack from the enhanced transport. Captain Jonathan Archer tries to disable their weapons, but the ship jumps to warp speed. Archer brings the survivors to Sickbay, and finds their situation reminiscent of a Zefram Cochrane story he remembers (relating to first contact). The assimilated crew soon awaken, and in the ensuing melee Doctor Phlox is infected with nanoprobes. They escape, and Lieutenant Reed then finds them modifying ship's systems, and learns that the Enterprise's phase pistols are ineffective against them. Archer, left with no other options, orders the section to be de-pressurized. Reed then begins upgrading the pistols, while Phlox treats himself with "omicron radiation" to destroy the nanoprobes.

Enterprise again catches up with the transport, but the recent modifications suddenly activate and shut down weapons and propulsion. Soon after the aliens hail Enterprise and demand that they surrender, noting that "resistance is futile". In response, Archer and Reed board the ship with upgraded pistols, plant explosives, and beam out. Commander Tucker troubleshoots the alien modifications thereby restoring main power to Enterprise. With the transport crippled, Archer realizes the altered crew members are too far gone and orders the transport's destruction. Later, a recovering Phlox informs Archer that while infected he kept hearing a repeating numerical sequence - Earth's coordinates sent somewhere into the Delta Quadrant. Sub-Commander T'Pol states it would take almost 200 years to reach its destination, but Archer remains troubled, concerned that they might only have postponed the eventual invasion.

Production
Principal photography took place between February 27, 2003, and March 8. The B unit shoot for the episode was not completed until March 11. This coincided with the commencement of filming on the following episode, "First Flight". The Borg in the episode were all played by stuntmen who had previously worked on Enterprise, with four main "Stunt Borg" and four additional Borg for background shots. Bonita Friedericy was cast as Rooney, one of the researchers that discovered the aliens. Friedericy got the audition through her agent, director David Livingston and the casting assistant did not know that she was married to Billingsley, and producers Rick Berman and Brannon Braga did not let on that they had met her before. Friedericy did not share any scenes in the episode with her husband or film on the same days. Billingsley had suggested at one point during the filming of Enterprise that Friedericy should play all of his in-character wives. Director David Livingston is one of the more prolific Star Trek directors, and directed two other episodes in season two of Enterprise alone, "Stigma" and "The Crossing". The Borg make-up applied to Billingsley slowed down production, as there was discussion on set regarding how far the assimilation process on the character should progress.

"Regeneration" was intended to follow up on the events depicted in film Star Trek: First Contact which features a Borg sphere being destroyed whilst in orbit of 21st century Earth. Executive producer Brannon Braga initially refused to feature the Borg in Enterprise, calling it a "cheap trick". He agreed for them to appear when the premise for "Regeneration" was suggested, saying that "it was such a great concept I couldn’t resist it". The set pieces and costumes for the Borg were reused from earlier Star Trek productions, and had not been used since the series finale of Star Trek: Voyager, "Endgame". The Borg costume worn by Friedericy had been previously used by Roxann Dawson in the episode "Unimatrix Zero". For the sequence where the Borg debris is discovered, several other pieces of sets were re-purposed to act as debris. This included part of the saucer section of the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E), which first appeared in First Contact.

Brian Tyler produced the score for "Regeneration". Previously he produced music for the episode "Canamar". Tyler, a lifelong Star Trek fan, requested a full tour of the "Enterprise" set as a condition of his contract. He was asked to score more episodes but with limited time available, he specifically chose "Regenerations" as it was a Borg episode.

Writers Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens pitched a story to be used for season five of Enterprise which would have followed up on the events in "Regeneration". They intended to bring actress Alice Krige back to Star Trek as a Starfleet medical technician who makes contact with the Borg seen in this episode. This was to result in the creation of the Borg Queen first seen in First Contact, which was played by Krige.

Ratings
"Regeneration" was first shown in the United States on May 7, 2003, on UPN. It received a 2.7/4% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 2.7 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 4 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. The ratings were the same as the previous episode, "Cogenitor", but saw an increase in overall viewing numbers from 4.08 million viewers to 4.12 million. This meant that "Regeneration" was the fourth highest viewed episode of Enterprise at the time of airing in 2003.

Critical response
Michelle Erica Green reviewed the episode for TrekNation, and was concerned by the continuity issues that the events in the episode presented, such as why Captain Jean-Luc Picard of the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D) didn't have a record of Archer and the crew's encounter with some nameless technologically enhanced aliens who assimilated people when he met them for the first time in "Q Who". She thought that there were good performances by Linda Park and John Billingsley, but thought that Billingsley as Phlox could have been more emotionally affected by his partial assimilation. Jamahl Epsicokhan at his website "Jammer's Reviews" gave the episode a score of three and a half out of four, saying that it was "a deviously clever premise, with the best-executed action of the season", but that the show was "doing itself few favors by reaching into the obvious Trekkian bag of tricks". J.C. Maçek III of PopMatters, called it "probably the best and most risky episode of the season" and felt the homage to The Thing was all too brief, and Starfleet's memory loss about the Borg was contrived, but that despite some missed opportunities it was a "very fine Star Trek episode". Aint It Cool News gave the episode 3.5 out of 5. They praised the sense of dread, the performances, especially of Billingsley and Park, but complained that it strained credulity that Phlox could survive the Borg nanotechnology so easily. In his 2022 rewatch, Keith DeCandido of Tor.com gave it 6 out of 10. He found the episode "incredibly inconsequential" but "it's a good action story, at least".

Accolades
In 2009, Den of Geek listed "Regeneration" as the third best episode of Enterprise behind "In a Mirror, Darkly" and "Carbon Creek".

In 2016, SyFy ranked Phlox 1st of the 6 main-cast space doctors of the Star Trek Franchise. It called Regeneration "a stupid episode" and said that it was "ridiculous that Phlox cured himself of Borg" but that achievement made him by far the most effective of any doctor in all of Star Trek.

In 2017, Space.com rated "Regeneration" as the 10th best Star Trek episode of all episodes across all its series up to that time.

In 2021, The Digital Fix said that "Regeneration" was the best episode of the second season.

Home media release
The first home media release of the episode was as part of the season two DVD boxset, released in the United States on July 26, 2005. One of the extras included on the sixth disc of the set was audio commentary on "Regeneration" by writers Michael Sussman and Phyllis Strong. A release on Blu-ray Disc for season two occurred on August 20, 2013. This edition included the latter commentary, as well as a new one recorded by cast member John Billingsley and his wife, guest star Bonita Friedericy.

The episode was also released as part of the DVD box set "Star Trek Fan Collective - Borg".

title: Regeneration (Star Trek: Enterprise)


text: Category:Atlantic City, New Jersey

title: Category:Atlantic City, New Jersey


text:
Ailill Finn

Ailill Finn, son of Art mac Lugdach, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. In the Lebor Gabála Érenn, he succeeded to the throne when his father was killed by Fíachu Tolgrach and his son Dui Ladrach. He ruled for nine years. Two years into his reign, Fíachu Tolgrach was killed in battle against Airgetmar, son of Sírlám. The men of Munster, led by Ailill's son Eochu and Lugaid, son of Eochu Fíadmuine, then drove Airgetmar into exile overseas. After seven years Airgetmar returned to Ireland and killed Ailill with the help of Dui Ladrach and his son Fíachu, but was unable to seize the throne, which was taken by Eochu.

However, in Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn and the Annals of the Four Masters Fíachu Tolgrach succeeded to the throne after killing Art, and is later killed by Ailill, who then took the throne, and ruled for nine or eleven years, before being killed by Airgetmar and succeeded by Eochu.

The Lebor Gabála synchronises his reign with that of Artaxerxes II of Persia (404–358). The chronology of Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 586–577 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 795–786 BC.

He is given as an ancestor of the Gamarad of Nephin, County Mayo.

title: Ailill Finn


text: User talk:129.19.132.133

title: User talk:129.19.132.133


text:
Marquard Gude

Marquard Gude (Gudius) (1 February 1635 – 26 November 1689) was a German archaeologist and classical scholar, most famous for his collection of Greek and Latin inscriptions.

He was born at Rendsburg in Holstein, Germany. He was originally intended for the law, but from an early age showed a decided preference for classical studies. In 1658 he went to the Netherlands in the hope of finding work as a teacher of classics, and in the following year, through the influence of JF Gronovius, he obtained the post of tutor and travelling companion to a wealthy young Dutchman, Samuel Schars.

During his travels Gude seized the opportunity of copying inscriptions and manuscripts. At the earnest request of his pupil, who had become greatly attached to him, Gude refused more than one professional appointment, and it was not until 1671 that he accepted the post of librarian to Duke Christian Albert of Holstein-Gottorp.

Schars, who had accompanied Gude, died in 1675, and left him the greater part of his property. In 1678 Gude, having quarrelled with the duke, retired into private life; but in 1682 he entered the service of Christian V of Denmark as counsellor of the Schleswig-Holstein chancellery, and remained in it almost to the time of his death.

Gude's great life-work, the collection of Greek and Latin inscriptions, was not published until 1731. Mention may also be made of his first edition (editio princeps) (1661) of the treatise of Hippolytus the Martyr on Antichrist, and of his notes on Phaedrus (with four new fables discovered by him) published in Pieter Burmann's edition (1698). His correspondence (ed. P Burmann, 1697) is the most important authority for the events of Gude's life, besides containing valuable information on the learning of the times. See also J Möller, Cimbria literates, iii., and Conrad Bursian in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, x.

title: Marquard Gude


text:
Template:Aviation.ru

''The initial version of this article was based on material from aviation.ru. It has been released under the GFDL by the copyright holder.''

title: Template:Aviation.ru


text:
User:Svarvsven

Not only a QuakeNet user.

title: User:Svarvsven


text: User talk:150.104.210.185

title: User talk:150.104.210.185


text:
User:Patricknoddy/PSS World/PSS Storm Noddy

PSS Storm Noddy formed in the Atlantic Ocean. It hit the Bahamas as a Category 6. It has now hit Charleston, South Carolina as a Category 7 winds: 388 miles per hour/624.41 kilometres per hour.

Links
[http:www.pssredcross.org/bahamasstormrelief.html Relief Effort]


text: User talk:82.44.230.60

title: User talk:82.44.230.60


text:
Baillie-Hamilton Island

Baillie-Hamilton Island is one of the uninhabited members of the Queen Elizabeth Islands in the Canadian arctic islands in Nunavut, Canada. The island is rectangular in shape, 26 to 12 km, and has an area of 290 km2.

Baillie-Hamilton Island is surrounded by larger islands. Devon Island is to the north and the east, across Wellington Channel. Cornwallis Island is to the south, across Maury Channel. Bathurst Island is to the west, across Queens Channel.

title: Baillie-Hamilton Island


text:
Mannes School of Music

The Mannes School of Music, originally called the David Mannes Music School and later the Mannes Music School, Mannes College of Music, the Chatham Square Music School, and Mannes College: The New School for Music, is a music conservatory in The New School, a private research university in New York City. In the fall of 2015, Mannes moved from its previous location on Manhattan's Upper West Side to join the rest of the New School campus in Arnhold Hall at 55 W. 13th Street.

History
Originally called The David Mannes Music School, it was founded in 1916 by David Mannes, concertmaster of the New York Symphony Orchestra, and his wife Clara Damrosch, sister of Walter Damrosch, then conductor of that orchestra, and Frank Damrosch. The Damrosch and Mannes families were perhaps the most important music families in America at that time, with David Mannes emerging as one of the first American born violin recitalists to achieve significant status. David Mannes was the director of the Third Street Music School Settlement as well as founder of Colored Music Settlement School, all prior to founding the Mannes School. The school was originally housed on East 70th Street (later occupied by the Dalcroze School).

A larger campus was created out of four converted brownstones beginning at 157 East 74th Street, in Manhattan's Upper East Side. After 1938, the school was known as the Mannes Music School in recognition of the broader course of study that expanded the school well beyond that of a community music school, including the three-year Artist Diploma. When Clara died in 1948, their son Leopold Mannes became president, endowing the school with his fortune from co-inventing Kodachrome film. In 1953 the school began offering a Bachelor of Science degree and changed its name to the Mannes College of Music. In 1960 it merged with the Chatham Square Music School. In 1984 the school moved to larger quarters on West 85th Street. In 1989 Mannes joined The New School. In 2005, the New School administration changed the name to Mannes College: the New School for Music. In 2015, the university renamed it Mannes School of Music, and moved it to Arnhold Hall in the West Village. It is part of the College of Performing Arts at The New School, which also includes the School of Drama and the School of Jazz and Contemporary Music. The College of Performing Arts, including Mannes Prep, has a total of 1,450 students. The students in any of the three schools of The New School College of Performing Arts' three schools can take courses in Drama, Jazz, and Music.

Academics
Two academic divisions constitute the conservatory:
 * College: the academic spine of the school, conferring undergraduate and graduate degrees and diplomas
 * Preparatory: pre-college training for children and adolescents

The Techniques of Music program is the foundation for academic musical study in the two divisions at Mannes, encompassing the range of elementary to advanced music theory and aural skills and analysis classes.

Music theory was taught at Mannes from its inception, with David Mannes hiring important figures such as Ernest Bloch and Rosario Scalero to teach theory and composition. In 1931 Mannes hired Hans Weisse, a student of Austrian music theorist Heinrich Schenker. Over the following nine years, Weisse promoted not just the study of Schenkerian analysis but also the incorporation of it into the musical life of the school, including performance and composition. Schenker's publication Five Graphic Music Analyses (Fünf Urlinie-Tafeln) was published jointly by Mannes and Universal Edition in 1932.

In 1940, Weisse was replaced by Felix Salzer, who had also been a student of Schenker. Mannes continued to build on Weisse's foundation by reorganizing the theory program into the Techniques of Music Department. Salzer's purpose was and to integrate the school's approach to musicianship, theory, and performance, based on Schenker's focus on the role of theory in tonal music. Salzer was later joined on the faculty by his own student, Carl Schachter. Subsequently, Schacter's own students continued and strengthened the department in this tradition.

In the 2020s, Mannes' has revised and expanded its program. The curriculum added courses in music technology, improvisation ensemble, teaching artistry, arts journalism, film music composition, and creative entrepreneurship. The school has further enhanced its commitment to contemporary music beyond the tonal-based, eurocentric approach of Schenker. The Mannes of today includes a number of programs in partnership with its sister conservatory, School of Jazz.

College faculty

 * Timo Andres – Composition
 * Michael Bacon – film composition
 * Ernest Bloch – composition
 * Howard Brockway – piano
 * William Burden – voice
 * Semyon Bychkov – conducting
 * Uri Caine – Piano Improvisation
 * Joseph Colaneri – Director of Opera Program
 * Valerie Coleman – flute, composition
 * Alfred Cortot – piano
 * Robert Cuckson – composition, theory, analysis
 * Mario Davidovsky – composition
 * Elaine Douvas – oboe
 * George Enescu – interpretation
 * Ruth Falcon – voice
 * Vladimir Feltsman – piano
 * Lillian Fuchs – violin, chamber music
 * Felix Galimir – violin, chamber music

 * Richard Goode – piano
 * David Hayes – conducting (present Director of Orchestral and Conducting Studies)
 * Matt Haimovitz – cello
 * Robert Hurwitz – Music Business
 * Anna Jacobs – Art of Engagement
 * Leila Josefowicz – Violin
 * Charles Kaufman – history, theory, president
 * Jennifer Koh – violin
 * Yakov Kreizberg – conducting
 * William Kroll – violin
 * Lowell Liebermann – composition
 * Clara Mannes – chamber music
 * David Mannes – conducting, violin
 * Leopold Mannes – theory
 * Bohuslav Martinů – composition
 * Missy Mazzoli – composition
 * Frank Miller – cello
 * Mitch Miller – oboe, English horn

 * Jeremy McCoy – Double Bass
 * Jessie Montgomery – violinist and composer
 * David Nadien – violinist
 * Charles Neidich – clarinet
 * Paul Neubauer – viola
 * Arturo O'Farrill – Music Composition
 * Frank J. Oteri – musicology
 * Anna Jacobs – Art of Engagement
 * Cynthia Phelps – viola
 * Erik Ralske – horn
 * Nadia Reisenberg – piano
 * Lucie Robert – violin
 * Hal Robinson – Double Bass
 * Jerome Rose – piano
 * Richard Rychtarik – stagecraft
 * Felix Salzer – theory
 * Rosario Scalero – solfege, theory, composition
 * Carl Schachter – theory

 * George Szell – composition, instrumentation, theory
 * Terry Teachout – arts journalism
 * Ronald Thomas – cello, chamber music
 * Sally Thomas – violin
 * Roman Totenberg – violin
 * Rosalyn Tureck – piano
 * Ronald Turini – piano
 * William Vacchiano – trumpet
 * Vladimir Valjarevic – piano
 * David Van Tieghem – sound design, experimental music
 * Glen Velez – percussion
 * Isabelle Vengerova – piano
 * Stefan Wolpe – composition
 * John Zorn – curator

Alumni

 * Nomi Abadi – composer
 * Edward Aldwell – pianist and theorist
 * Burt Bacharach – composer and pianist
 * Robert Bass – conductor
 * Jeremy Beck – composer
 * Johanna Beyer – composer
 * Semyon Bychkov – conductor
 * Michel Camilo – pianist and composer
 * Myung-whun Chung – conductor and pianist
 * Kvitka Cisyk – opera singer, coloratura soprano
 * Valerie Coleman – flutist and composer, Imani Winds
 * Larry Coryell – guitarist
 * Lee Curreri – film and television composer
 * Danielle de Niese – lyric soprano
 * Ezinma – violinist

 * Bill Evans – pianist and composer
 * JoAnn Falletta – conductor
 * Antonio Fernandez Roz – composer
 * Richard Goode – pianist
 * Mary Rodgers Guettel – composer and philanthropist
 * Joy Guidry – bassoonist and composer
 * Rebekah Harkness – founder of the Harkness Ballet
 * Eugene Istomin – pianist
 * Marta Casals Istomin – arts administrator
 * Jeannette Knoll – opera singer
 * Yakov Kreizberg – conductor
 * Gail Kubik – composer
 * Yonghoon Lee – tenor
 * Ursula Mamlok – composer
 * Douglas McLennan – arts journalist, founder of Artsjournal.com

 * Peter Mendelsund – graphic designer
 * Charlie Morrow – composer and sound artist
 * David Nadien – violinist
 * Hafez Nazeri – composer
 * Patricia Neway – operatic soprano and musical theatre actress
 * Anthony Newman – keyboardist
 * Tim Page – music critic
 * Charlemagne Palestine – composer
 * Murray Perahia – pianist
 * Maurice Peress – conductor
 * Eve Queler – conductor
 * Shulamit Ran – composer
 * Kevin Riepl – composer
 * Michael Riesman – conductor, composer, keyboardist, music director of Philip Glass Ensemble
 * George Rochberg – composer

 * Adam Rogers – jazz guitarist
 * Jerome Rose – piano
 * Alexandros Kapelis – piano
 * Beatrice Schroeder Rose - harp
 * Donald Rosenberg – arts journalist
 * Julius Rudel – conductor
 * Carl Schachter – musicologist and theorist
 * Nadine Sierra – soprano
 * Lawrence Leighton Smith – conductor
 * Lara St. John – violinist
 * Jonathan Tetelman – tenor
 * Jory Vinikour – harpsichordist
 * Frederica von Stade – mezzo-soprano
 * Craig Walsh – composer
 * Ivan Yanakov – pianist
 * Jennifer Zetlan – soprano

title: Mannes School of Music


text:
Eochu mac Ailella

Eochu (or Eochaid), son of Ailill Finn, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He succeeded to the throne after his father was killed by Airgetmar and his ally Dui Ladrach. According to the Lebor Gabála Érenn, he was himself killed by Airgetmar and Dui. Geoffrey Keating says he ruled for seven years, resisted Airgetmar and made peace with Dui, who killed him treacherously at a meeting, allowing Airgetmar to take the kingship. The Lebor Gabála synchronises his reign with that of Artaxerxes II of Persia (404–358 BC). The chronology of Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 577–570 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 785–778 BC.

title: Eochu mac Ailella


text:
Pieter Burmann

Pieter Burmann may refer to:
 * Pieter Burman the Elder (1668–1741), Dutch classical scholar
 * Pieter Burman the Younger (1714–1778), Dutch philologist

title: Pieter Burmann


text:
North Kent Island

North Kent Island is one of the uninhabited Queen Elizabeth Islands in the Canadian arctic islands in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in the Cardigan Strait between Devon Island's Colin Archer Peninsula and Ellesmere Island's Simmons Peninsula.

Geography
The 590 km2 island's terrain is flat-topped and ice-capped, with steep cliffs.

Fauna
North Kent Island is a Canadian Important Bird Area (#NU052), and an International Biological Program site. Notable bird species include black guillemot, common eider, glaucous gull, and Thayer's gull.

Walrus, bearded seal, ringed seal, and narwhal frequent the area.

title: North Kent Island


text:
Arnobius the Younger

Arnobius the Younger (Arnobius Junior) was a Christian priest or bishop in Gaul, who wrote from Rome around the year 460.

He is the author of a mystical and allegorical commentary on the Psalms, first published by Erasmus in 1522, and by him attributed to the elder Arnobius.

It has been frequently reprinted, and in the edition of De la Barre, 1580, is accompanied by some notes on the Gospels by the same author. More recently, CCSL 25 has produced a critical edition of his commentary.

To him has sometimes been ascribed the anonymous treatise, Arnobii catholici et Serapionis conflictus de Deo trino et uno ... de gratiae liberi arbitrii concordia, which was probably written by a follower of Augustine. The opinions expressed in his commentary have been called semi-Pelagian, probably due to his opposition to Augustine's doctrine of predestination. Rondeau infers an African origin for Arnobius due, in part, to his dependence on Ticonius.

title: Arnobius the Younger


text:
Airgetmar

Airgetmar, son of Sirlám, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. The Lebor Gabála Érenn says that, during the reign of Ailill Finn, he killed Fíachu Tolgrach in battle, but was forced into exile overseas by Ailill's son Eochu, Lugaid son of Eochu Fíadmuine, and the men of Munster. He returned to Ireland after seven years, and, with the help of Dui Ladrach, killed Ailill. Eochu became king, but Airgetmar and Dui soon killed him as well, and Airgetmar took power.

Geoffrey Keating tells a slightly different story of Airgetmar's accession. Eochu withstood Airgetmar, made an alliance with Dui and ruled for seven years, but Dui treacherously killed him at a meeting and Airgetmar took the throne.

He ruled for thirty years (according to the Lebor Gabála and the Annals of the Four Masters), or twenty-three or thirty-eight years (according to Keating), after which he was killed by Dui and Eochu's son Lugaid Laigdech. Dui, who had now had a hand in the killing of four High Kings, took the throne.

The Lebor Gabála synchronises his reign with that of Artaxerxes III of Persia (358–338 BC). The chronology of Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 570–547 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 778–748 BC.

title: Airgetmar


text:
Corrupt bargain

Three events in American political history have been called a corrupt bargain: the 1824 United States presidential election, the Compromise of 1877, and Gerald Ford's 1974 pardon of Richard Nixon.

In all cases, Congress or the President acted against the most clearly defined legal course of action at the time, although in no case were the actions illegal. Two cases involved the resolution of indeterminate or disputed electoral votes from the United States presidential election process, and the third involved the controversial use of a presidential pardon. In all three cases, the president so elevated served a single term, or singular vacancy, and either did not run again or was not reelected when he ran.

In the 1824 election, without an absolute majority winner in the Electoral College, the 12th Amendment dictated that the outcome of the presidential election be determined by the House of Representatives. Then Speaker of the House — and low-ranked presidential candidate in that same election — Henry Clay gave his support to John Quincy Adams, the candidate with the second-most votes. Adams was granted the presidency, and then proceeded to select Clay to be his Secretary of State. In the 1876 election, accusations of corruption stemmed from officials involved in counting the necessary and hotly contested electoral votes of both sides, in which Rutherford B. Hayes was elected by a congressional commission.

Election of 1824
After the votes were counted in the U.S. presidential election of 1824, no candidate had received the majority needed of the presidential electoral votes (although Andrew Jackson had the most ), thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives. There were four candidates on the ballot: John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, and William H. Crawford. Following the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment, however, only the top three candidates in the electoral vote were admitted as candidates, eliminating Henry Clay.

To the surprise of many, the House elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. It was widely believed that Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced Congress to elect Adams, who then made Clay his Secretary of State. Jackson's supporters denounced this as a "corrupt bargain". The "corrupt bargain" that placed Adams in the White House and Clay in the State Department launched a four-year campaign of revenge by the friends of Andrew Jackson.

Claiming that the people had been cheated of their choice, Jacksonians attacked the Adams administration at every turn as illegitimate and tainted by aristocracy and corruption. Adams aided his own defeat by failing to rein in the pork barrel frenzy sparked by the General Survey Act. Jackson's attack on the national blueprint put forward by Adams and Clay won support from Old Republicans and market liberals, the latter of which increasingly argued that congressional involvement in internal improvements was an open invitation to special interests and political logrolling.

A 1998 analysis using game theory mathematics argued that contrary to the assertions of Jackson, his supporters, and countless later historians, the results of the election were consistent with sincere voting, that is, those Members of the House of Representatives who were unable to cast votes for their most-favored candidate apparently voted for their second- (or third-) most-favored candidate.

Regardless of the various theories concerning the matter, Adams was a one-term president; his rival, Jackson, was elected president by a large majority of the electors in the election of 1828 and then he defeated Clay for a second term in the election of 1832.

Election of 1876

The presidential election of 1876 is sometimes considered to be a second "corrupt bargain". Three Southern states had contested vote counts, and each sent the results of two different slates of electors. Since both candidates needed those electoral votes to win the election, Congress appointed a special Electoral Commission to settle the dispute over which slates of electors to accept. After the Compromise of 1877, the commission awarded all the disputed electoral votes to the Republican candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes, and Congress voted to accept their report. Some of the points in the compromise are said to have already been the established position of Hayes from the time of his accepting the Republican nomination. Hayes's detractors labeled the alleged compromise a "Corrupt Bargain" and mocked him with the nickname "Rutherfraud".

The most often cited item in the "compromise" was the agreement to accept Southern "home rule" by withdrawing the remaining Northern troops from Southern capitals. That would remove an important tool the federal government had used to force the South to uphold the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, which were intended to protect the rights of African-Americans, particularly their right to vote.

Generally, political support for maintaining the troops had dissipated during Grant's second term, and Hayes had little choice but to accept some form of "home rule". He attempted to do so, as stated in his nomination acceptance letter, by gaining promises from Southern states that they would respect the rights, and especially the voting rights, of the freedmen. On the other political side, the Democratic platform of Samuel Tilden, also promised the removal of troops, but with no mention of any attempts to guarantee the freedmen's rights. For a time, Hayes's approach had some success, but gradually Southern states moved to build new barriers to black suffrage and flourishing—barriers which would hold legally for almost an entire century.

1974 pardon of Nixon

Gerald Ford's 1974 pardon of Richard Nixon was described as a "corrupt bargain" by critics of the disgraced former president. The critics claimed that Ford's pardon was quid pro quo for Nixon's resignation, which elevated Ford to the presidency. The most public critic was US Representative Elizabeth Holtzman, who, as the lowest-ranking member of the House Judiciary Committee, was the only representative who explicitly asked whether the pardon was a quid pro quo. Ford cut Holtzman off, declaring, "There was no deal, period, under no circumstances."

title: Corrupt bargain


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Screw these comics

Screw these comics
Unimportant. Already deleted before. Author of article tried to blank page. Close, but no 500 hits on Google. Non-encyclopedic, non-notable, non-worthy. Delete. Nestea.

 * If this really is what was discussed at Votes for deletion/Screw These Comics then slap a on it.  You don't need to come back to VFD. Uncle G 02:05, 2005 Feb 21 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Uncle G. Nestea.


text:
Talk:List of Troma films

Untitled
Notes
 * some of the years may be wrong
 * some distinction between movies made by Troma versus those just distributed by Troma might be nice
 * other pages like this make links of every movie title. I don't think that makes sense for this one, given the obscurity of many of the films

Italics
Some one has to italicize these movies, as per style rules. I'd rather not myself, as I don't have THAT much time on my hands, but I will if no one else takes the plunge in the next little while...that or it'll drive me nuts and I'll crumble like the Roman empire and do it tomorrow. -- Yossarian   10:09, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

Produced vs distributed
I think we should note the films that Troma produced vs the ones that just acquired and distributed. As I see it, this can be done two ways. Either having the page divided into two sections, with a produced section and distributed section each either their own list, or with one big list with a note after each film as to whether it was produced or distributed by Troma. Any thoughts? -Joltman 16:32, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Since the list of films MADE by Troma is significantly smaller than the list of films DISTRIBUTED by Troma, why not just make the in-house productions bold? Or not. Whichever, I dunno...Skibz777 12:03, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Questioning accuracy of articles
I received an email about this list, to the effect of:

 * The majority of the films listed are not Troma films. Especially all the ones pre-1974 (Troma didn't even exist before that)

Could someone with a better subject knowledge than I have a quick look over this list to ensure its accuracy, particularly with respect to the above-quoted email? Regards, Daniel (talk) 08:56, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

i dont think anything before 197- is possible because they didnt exist before then!!!! - Random —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.172.137.165 (talk) 15:19, 14 December 2008 (UTC)

Pre-1970s additions
I strongly feel that pre-1974 films should be included since they were, in fact, distributed by Troma Team Video at one point or another. For instance, "Bloodsucking Freaks" was produced independently prior to the formation of the company, yet it is unquestionably a Troma film by association, since Troma is its sole distributor and the film is one of their more prominent and best-selling titles. Currently, "Bloodsucking Freaks" - under any of its titles - is NOT on this list, which anyone even passingly familiar with the company will tell you is an inexcusable absence. Likewise, Lloyd Kaufman directed and produced several films prior to the company's founding that later found distribution with the Troma brand name that deserve mention on this list. Those are crucial additions, but I think that extends to any other film from the 1950s onwards that were released under the Troma banner.Skibz777 (talk) 19:52, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

...and that's what this list is for. Never mind...Skibz777 (talk) 19:56, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

I see all the films from before Troma was ever founded keep getting added without consensus or discussion. Consensus needs to be established here. Ridernyc (talk)

title: Talk:List of Troma films


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Y Felinheli

Y Felinheli, formerly known in English as Port Dinorwic, is a village and community beside the Menai Strait (Y Fenai or Afon Menai) between Bangor and Caernarfon in Gwynedd, northwest Wales.

Toponymy
Etymologically, its name comes from the Welsh y meaning the, melin meaning mill and heli, meaning brine/salt-water/sea. An alternative interpretation is from Y Felin Heulyn, "the mill on the River Heulyn", which refers to the river that runs into the village.

Origins
Y Felinheli has its origins in two hamlets, Tafarngrisiau near St Mary's Church and Aberpwll to the north-east where there was a mill on the Afon Heulyn. The mill was rebuilt closer to the sea in 1633 and gave its name to the settlement. The area was largely agricultural until the area was transformed by slate quarrying in the 19th century. A new dock was built in 1828 when lime was extracted at Brynadda and slate and lime were loaded and culm (coal dust or anthracite slack) was brought in to fire the lime kilns.

The owners of the Vaynol Estate, the Assheton Smiths, owned most of the land in Y Felinheli and developed the Dinorwic Quarry in the late 18th century, They also built the harbour to export slate transported to the quay by the Dinorwic Railway, a narrow gauge railway that was subsequently replaced by the Padarn Railway. Industrial expansion gave Y Felinheli (Felin-hely, 1838) the alternative name Port Dinorwig or Port Dinorwic.

Harbour
The harbour is a centre for pleasure boating and sailing. It has moorings, a marina and yacht support businesses, including rigging, sail making and boatyards. The boatyard was constructed before the Second World War for building landing craft. Its slipway, probably the largest in North Wales is in private ownership, is usable at most states of tide. The local sailing club organizes dinghy racing.

Number
The population of the village was 2,284 at the 2011 Census. According to the 2021 Census, Y Felinheli's population was 2,330.

Density
In June 2018, the population density in Y Felinheli was 412 /km2, compared to 49 /km2 for Gwynedd.

Languages
According to the 2021 Census, 97.6 per cent of the population considered English or Welsh to be their main language.

Cymraeg (Welsh)
In 2021, 68.3 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ in Y Felinheli can speak Welsh. 78.6 per cent of the population noted that they could speak, read, write or understand Welsh. 95.8 per cent of the population who were born in Wales could speak, read, write or understand Welsh.

The 2011 census noted 64.3 per cent of all usual residents aged 3 years and older in the village could speak Welsh. The 2011 census also noted that 89.4 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ who were born in Wales could speak Welsh. The Welsh-language skills of Y Felinheli residents were as follows in 2011 and 2021: As of June 2023, 63.8 per cent of statutory school age pupils in the village's primary school (Ysgol Y Felinheli) spoke Welsh at home. 75 per cent spoke Welsh at home in 2014.

In 2001, 72.1 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ in Y Felinheli could speak Welsh. 73.4 per cent could speak it in 1991. In 1981, 80.6 per cent of the population could speak Welsh; 3.1 per cent of the population were monoglot Welsh-speakers.

Other languages
According to the 2011 Census, 6% of Y Felinheli's population spoke a language other than English or Welsh as their main language. The most common was Arabic, with 2.92% speaking it as their main language.

Identity
According to the 2011 Census, 59.7% of the population noted that they had Welsh-only national identity, with 35.6 per cent noting that they had no Welsh national identity at all. According to the 2022 Census, 63.8 per cent of the population noted that they had Welsh-only national identity.

Country of Birth
The 2021 Census noted that 93.9 per cent of the population was born in the United Kingdom.

The 2011 Census noted that 91.1 per cent of the population was born in the United Kingdom. 66.1 per cent of the population was born in Wales and 23.8 per cent of the population born in England. 5.7 per cent of the population was born outside the European Union.

Ethnic Group
In 2021, 96.5 per cent of the population identified their ethnic group within the high-level "White" category.

Religion
The religion question was voluntary in the 2021 Census. Of those in Y Felinheli who answered the question, 49.4 per cent described themselves as having no religion, with 49.2 per cent describing themselves as Christian. Buddhist was the second most common religion.

Legal Partnership Status
In 2021, 40.1 per cent of residents aged 16 or over were married or in a registered civil partnership. 41.2 percent noted that they had never married or registered in a civil partnership. 9.7 per cent were divorced or had their civil partnership dissolved.

Notable people

 * Siân Gwenllian (born 1956) a Welsh Plaid Cymru politician
 * Wil Jones (1960–2020) a Welsh portrait artist, guitarist, and teacher.
 * Lisa Gwilym (born 1975) a Welsh broadcaster, lives in the village.

Transport
The A487 road by-pass, completed in 1994, has removed much traffic congestion from the main street. The nearest railway station as the crow flies is across the Menai Strait at Llanfairpwll (2 mi). The next nearest (not involving travelling by boat) is at Bangor (4 mi).

Historically, the passenger railway station Port Dinorwic was open between 1852 and 1960. There was also a narrow gauge railway running from the town to Dinorwic Quarry on the Dinorwic Railway (later Padarn Railway) to carry slate.

Education
A Welsh-language playgroup Cylch Meithrin Y Felinheli currently serves the community with the support of Mudiad Meithrin.

Ysgol Gynradd Y Felinheli provides Welsh-medium primary education to the village and the surrounding area. As of 2023, there were 179 pupils enrolled at the school.

In terms of secondary education, the village is in the catchment area of three secondary schools, namely Ysgol Tryfan, Ysgol Syr Hugh Owen and Ysgol Friars.

Local Government
Y Felinheli forms part of the Bethel a'r Felinheli ward and is currently represented in Cyngor Gwynedd by Plaid Cymru councillors Sasha Ellen Fraser Williams and Iwan Huws. The village also has a Community Council, currently chaired by councillor Iwan Huws.

Senedd
The village is currently represented in the Senedd by Arfon constituency member Siân Gwenllian (Plaid Cymru).

It is also represented by four North Wales regional members, namely Carolyn Thomas (Labour), Llyr Huws Gruffydd (Plaid Cymru), Sam Rowlands and Mark Isherwood (Welsh Conservatives).

House of Commons
The village is currently represented in the House of Commons by Dwyfor Meirionnydd constituency member Llinos Medi (Plaid Cymru).

Culture
The first National Cerdd Dant Festival was held in Y Felinheli in 1947.

The local carnival committee organises the annual Gŵyl Y Felinheli.

Sport
The local football team, CPD Y Felinheli celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2017. For the 2021–22 season, the team was selected by the FAW to be part of the newly created Ardal Leagues North West.

A private members sailing club, Clwb Hwylio Y Felinheli, has been based in the village, on the banks of the Menai Strait, since 1947. As of 2015, it had 136 youth members who have been trained at the club.

title: Y Felinheli


text:
Dui Ladrach

Dui Ladrach, son of Fíachu Tolgrach, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He helped his father kill the High King Art mac Lugdach, then helped Airgetmar take the throne by killing Art's son Ailill Finn and grandson Eochu mac Ailella. Finally he and Eochu Fíadmuine's son Lugaid Laigdech killed Airgetmar, and Dui took the throne himself, ruling for ten years until his former accomplice Lugaid killed him. The Lebor Gabála synchronises his reign with that of Artaxerxes III of Persia (358–338 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 547–537 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 748–738 BC. His son was Eochu Buadach, who was the father of High King Ugaine Mor Mac Eochach.

title: Dui Ladrach