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Sophia Charlotte of Hanover

Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (30 October 1668 – 1 February 1705) was the first Queen consort in Prussia as wife of King Frederick I. She was the only daughter of Elector Ernest Augustus of Hanover and his wife Sophia of the Palatinate. Her eldest brother, George Louis, succeeded to the British throne in 1714 as King George I.

Early life
Sophia Charlotte was born in Iburg Castle in the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück, where her father held the title of a Protestant prince-bishop. In 1672 her family moved to the new episcopal residence in Osnabrück and finally in 1679 to Hanover, when Ernest Augustus succeeded his brother Duke John Frederick of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Principality of Calenberg. During her childhood, Sophia Charlotte visited the Kingdom of France with her mother in hopes of marrying Louis, Grand Dauphin, heir to the French throne. He later married Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria instead, but Sophia Charlotte was also proposed as a possible bride for Louis's father, King Louis XIV, after his wife died in 1683. Nothing came of this plan either. A marriage was therefore arranged to Frederick of Hohenzollern, son of Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, and heir of both the Margraviate of Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia.

Electress and queen
By marrying Frederick on 8 October 1684, she became Electress of Brandenburg in 1688, and after the elevation of Brandenburg-Prussia to a kingdom in 1701, she became the first Queen in Prussia. Her only child to reach maturity became King Frederick William I of Prussia. Her husband was so much in love with her that while he had an official mistress, Catharina Rickert, at his palace –in imitation of Louis XIV –he never made use of her services; however, his love for Sophia Charlotte was not reciprocated.

Initially, Sophia Charlotte interfered in political affairs, pushing the downfall of the Prussian prime minister Eberhard von Danckelman in 1697, but soon retired to private life. In 1695, she had received the estates of Lietzow manor west of Berlin from her husband in exchange for further away Caputh. Here she had a Baroque summer residence erected by the architects Johann Arnold Nering and Martin Grünberg, in order to live independently from her husband and have her own court. Frederick was only allowed there by invitation, as on 11 July 1699, when she hosted a birthday party for him. From 1700, she regularly lived there in the summer months. Then called Lietzenburg, it was renamed Charlottenburg Palace after her death.

Sophia Charlotte is mainly remembered for her friendship and correspondence with her mother's good friend and tutor Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, whose avowed disciple she became. Leibniz's philosophical work Théodicée is based on his conversation with her. In addition to German, she spoke French, Italian and English fluently. Following the example set by her mother, she surrounded herself with philosophers and theologians like Isaac de Beausobre, Daniel Ernst Jablonski and John Toland and inspired the foundation of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. She was interested in music, sang and played the harpsichord, had an Italian opera theater constructed, and employed the musicians Attilio Ariosti and Giovanni Bononcini. The composer Arcangelo Corelli dedicated his Op. 5 sonatas for solo violin (Rome, 1700) to her. By some reports she disliked her husband's elaborate ceremonies so much that during their coronation she took pinches of snuff to provide herself with "some pleasant distraction". Sophia Charlotte was such a formidable personage that when Tsar Peter the Great first met her and her mother on his Grand Embassy in 1697, he was so overwhelmed and intimidated that he could not speak. Both women put him at ease, and he reciprocated with his natural humour and trunks full of brocade and furs.

While on a visit to her mother in Hanover, Sophia Charlotte died of pneumonia on 1 February 1705, when she was 36 years of age.

Legacy
Charlottenburg, today a district of Berlin, the Charlottensee lake in Bad Iburg, as well as the Sophie-Charlotte-Gymnasium in Berlin are named after her.

Issue

 * 1) Frederick August of Brandenburg (6 October 1685 – 31 January 1686) died in infancy.
 * 2) Frederick William I of Prussia (14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740) married Sophia Dorothea of Hanover and had issue.

title: Sophia Charlotte of Hanover


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gahn

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 22:40, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Gahn
neologism. Nateji77 15:20, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * And an obscure one; it doesn't google either (well, actually it turns up some 50,000 hits, but that's because it's a German surname). Delete Radiant! 23:49, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism and badly-done acronym (according to the article it should have been Gagf, which doesn't quite make any sense). --Idont Havaname 01:08, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, actually it's a cockney contraction of go on (as if to say, you're full of it), so the content is mistaken. Not a neologism, but a slang dicdef. Wyss 11:57, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment keep: It's now turned into a genealogy page on a Swedish family with a few apparently notable members Kappa 06:37, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep current contents are interesting and encyclopedic. slambo 15:00, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as rewritten. Good save.  Rossami (talk) 14:45, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I will make individual articles on these people eventually. / up+land 08:29, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep expanded article. Megan1967 05:34, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gahn


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MyAir

My Way Airlines S.r.l., operated as MyAir.com, was a low-cost airline based in Torri di Quartesolo, Vicenza, Italy. It operated scheduled services linking a dozen Italian cities and international flights to France, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Morocco, Spain, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Its main base was Orio al Serio Airport, Bergamo, near Milan, until the Italian Civil Aviation Authority (ENAC) suspended their flights to and from Orio al Serio Airport. On 22 July 2009, ENAC announced a suspension of MyAir's licence, effective 00:01 CEST on 24 July.

History
The airline was established in 2004 and started operations on 17 December 2004, with three Airbus A320-200s wet-leased from other airlines. The following week, it received its own air operator certificate and started operations with its own Airbus A320-200. It was backed by former Volare Airlines management. Owners included Triskel SRL (51%) and My Holding (23%), and it had 232 employees (at March 2007).

On 21 July 2009, the Italian Civil Aviation Authority (ENAC) suspended MyAir operations from Bergamo-Orio al Serio Airport due to unpaid taxes, duties and tariffs. Flights from Venice Marco Polo Airport and Bari International Airport were also suspended. This suspension was effective 24 July of that year.

MyAir had placed a firm order for 19 Bombardier CRJ-900s, which was announced in September 2006. In February 2007, after four airframes had been delivered, Bombardier announced that the remaining 15 orders had been converted to the CRJ-1000 aircraft. On 11 August 2009, Bombardier announced that it had terminated its firm order purchase agreement with MyAir, with respect to all remaining undelivered aircraft.

On September 3, 2009, it was announced that the company management was in talks with four financial backers, in order to resume operations.

On 2 February 2010, a Vicenza court initiated bankruptcy proceedings.

Fleet
The MyAir historical fleet consisted of the following aircraft:

title: MyAir


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Artur Ekert

Artur Konrad Ekert (born 19 September 1961) is a British-Polish professor of quantum physics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, professorial fellow in quantum physics and cryptography at Merton College, Oxford, Lee Kong Chian Centennial Professor at the National University of Singapore and the founding director of the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT). His research interests extend over most aspects of information processing in quantum-mechanical systems, with a focus on quantum communication and quantum computation. He is best known as one of the pioneers of quantum cryptography.

Early life
Ekert was born in Wrocław, and studied physics at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków and at the University of Oxford. Between 1987 and 1991 he was a graduate student at Wolfson College, Oxford. In his doctoral thesis he showed how quantum entanglement and non-locality can be used to distribute cryptographic keys with perfect security.

Career
In 1991 he was elected a junior research fellow and subsequently (1994) a research fellow at Merton College, Oxford. At the time he established the first research group in quantum cryptography and computation, based in the Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford. Subsequently, it evolved into the Centre for Quantum Computation, now based at DAMTP in Cambridge.

Between 1993 and 2000 he held a position of the Royal Society Howe Fellow. In 1998 he was appointed a professor of physics at the University of Oxford and a fellow and tutor in physics at Keble College, Oxford. From 2002 until 2006 he was the Leigh-Trapnell Professor of Quantum Physics at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Cambridge University and a professorial fellow of King's College, Cambridge. Since 2006 he is professor of quantum physics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford. Also in 2006 was appointed a Lee Kong Chian Centennial Professor at the National University of Singapore and became the founding director of the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT). After retiring from the director position in 2020 he remains a Distinguished Fellow at CQT. In 2020 he joined the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology as adjunct professor.

He has worked with and advised several companies and government agencies, served on various professional advisory boards, and is the Vice Chairman of The Noel Croucher Foundation.

Research
Ekert's research extends over most aspects of information processing in quantum-mechanical systems, with a focus on quantum cryptography and quantum computation. Building on the idea of quantum non-locality and Bell's inequalities he introduced entanglement-based quantum key distribution. His 1991 paper generated a spate of new research that established a vigorously active new area of physics and cryptography. It is one of the most cited papers in the field and was chosen by the editors of the Physical Review Letters as one of their "milestone letters", i.e. papers that made important contributions to physics, announced significant discoveries, or started new areas of research. His subsequent work with John Rarity and Paul Tapster, from the Defence Research Agency (DRA) in Malvern, resulted in the proof-of-principle experimental quantum key distribution, introducing parametric down-conversion, phase encoding and quantum interferometry into the repertoire of cryptography. He and collaborators were the first to develop the concept of a security proof based on entanglement purification.

Ekert and colleagues have made a number of contributions to both theoretical aspects of quantum computation and proposals for its experimental realisations. These include proving that almost any quantum logic gate operating on two quantum bits is universal, proposing one of the first realistic implementations of quantum computation, e.g. using the induced dipole-dipole coupling in an optically driven array of quantum dots, introducing more stable geometric quantum logic gates, and proposing "noiseless encoding", which became later known as decoherence free subspaces.

His other notable contributions include work on quantum state swapping, optimal quantum state estimation and quantum state transfer. With some of the same collaborators, he has written on connections between the notion of mathematical proofs and the laws of physics. He has also contributed semi-popular writing on the history of science.

Honours and awards
For his discovery of quantum cryptography he was awarded the 1995 Maxwell Medal and Prize by the Institute of Physics, the 2007 Hughes Medal by the Royal Society, the 2019 Micius Quantum Prize and the 2024 Royal Society Milner Award. He is also a co-recipient of the 2004 European Union Descartes Prize. In 2016 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He is a fellow of the Singapore National Academy of Science and a recipient of the 2017 Singapore Public Administration Medal (Silver) Pingat Pentadbiran Awam. He is a foreign member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences.

title: Artur Ekert


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User talk:WilliamMiller

Leave me messages!

You have been blocked for adding an inappropriate image to recent changes. This block will expire at 16:16, 13 Feb 2005 but may be extended if you try to edit before that time -- sannse (talk) 16:18, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:WilliamMiller


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Jozef Israëls

Jozef Israëls (27 January 1824 – 12 August 1911) was a Dutch painter. He was a leading member of the group of landscape painters referred to as the Hague School and was, during his lifetime, "the most respected Dutch artist of the second half of the nineteenth century."

Early life
He was born in Groningen to Jewish parents. His father, Hartog Abraham Israëls, was a money changer and intended for Jozef to be a businessman. His mother was Mathilda Salomon née Polack, and she hoped that Jozef would become a rabbi. When he was eleven years old, he attended Minerva Academy in Groningen and he began to study painting.

He subsequently continued his studies in Amsterdam, studying at the Royal Academy for Fine Arts, which later became the State Academy for Fine Arts. He was a pupil of Jan Kruseman and attended the drawing class at the academy. From September 1845 until May 1847 he was in Paris, working in the history painter Picot's studio and taking classes at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts under James Pradier, Horace Vernet, and Paul Delaroche. He returned to Amsterdam in September 1845, where he resumed his studies at the Academy until May 1847. Israëls remained in Amsterdam until 1870, when he moved to The Hague and became a leading member of the Hague School of landscape painters.

Sensibility
Israëls has often been compared to Jean-François Millet. As artists, even more than as painters in the strict sense of the word, they both saw in the life of the poor and humble a motive for expressing with peculiar intensity their wide human sympathy; but Millet was the poet of placid rural life, while in almost all Israëls' pictures there is some piercing note of woe. Edmond Duranty said that they were painted with gloom and suffering. He began with historical and dramatic subjects in the romantic style of the day. After an illness, he went to recuperate his strength at the fishing town of Zandvoort near Haarlem, and there he was struck by the daily tragedy of life. Henceforth, he was possessed by a new vein of artistic expression, sincerely realistic, full of emotion and pity.

Among his more important subsequent works are The Zandvoort Fisherman (in the Amsterdam Gallery), The Silent House (which gained a gold medal at the Brussels Salon, 1858), and Village Poor (a prize at Manchester).

In 1862, he achieved great success in London with his The Shipwrecked Mariner, purchased by a Mr Young, and The Cradle, two pictures that the Athenaeum magazine described as the most touching pictures of the exhibition.

A portrait of Jozef Israëls was painted by the Scottish painter George Paul Chalmers.

Honours
1886: Officer in the Order of Leopold.

Later work
His later works include The Widower (in the Mesdag collection), When we grow Old, Peasant Family at the Table and Alone in the World (Van Gogh Museum / Amsterdam Gallery), An Interior (Dordrecht Gallery), A Frugal Meal (Glasgow Museum), Toilers of the Sea, Speechless Dialogue, Between the Fields and the Seashore, The Bric-a-brac Seller (which gained medals of honor at the Paris Exhibition of 1900).

David Singing before Saul, one of his later works, seems to hint at a return on the part of the venerable artist to the Rembrandtesque note of his youth. As a watercolour painter and etcher he produced a vast number of works, which, like his oil paintings, are full of deep feeling. They are generally treated in broad masses of light and shade, which give prominence to the principal subject without any neglect of detail.

Israëls probably influenced many other painters; one them was the Scottish painter Robert McGregor (1847–1922).

Personal life
He married Aleida née Schaap and together the couple had two children: a daughter, Mathilde Anna Israëls, and a son, Isaac Lazarus Israëls, born in 1865, who also became a fine art painter. On August 12, 1911 Jozef Israëls died in Scheveningen, The Hague.

title: Jozef Israëls


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Dina Tehsil

Dina Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Jhelum District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Dina is the headquarter of the tehsil. It is named after a saint Baba Dina Shaheed whose tomb lies near G.T road in the Domeli Mohalla.

Union Councils
Dina Tehsil is subdivided into 11 Union Councils:
 * Ladhar
 * Mughlabad
 * Danyala
 * Madukalas
 * Dina 1
 * Dina 2
 * Garh Mahal
 * Sohan
 * Badlot
 * Janjeel
 * Khukha
 * Khukha

title: Dina Tehsil


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User:Bishonen/Asian toilet paper holder

The Sumerian logograph ◊, meaning legal, decision, trial, peace, derives from the shape of a clay pouch used to hold beaten palm leaves used at the royal toilet. This association indicates the important ritual significance of the artefact in question.

The European toilet paper holder has always been nourished by outside toilet paper holder traditions, notably those of China, where advanced paper-making techniques were invented earlier. The use of toilet paper was widespread in China by the 3rd century BC. A number of previously unidentified objects unearthed with the Terracotta Army of the first Emperor of Qin (Qin Shi Huang) are now widely accepted to be toilet paper holders. It may be that Marco Polo brought back samples of both paper and holders wrapped in bundles of noodles and that these later influenced the form of the Baroque holders discussed in Bishonen/European toilet paper holder.

Trivia
In this little-known haiku by Basho, the holder serves as a kigo for spring:

 * monk squats at stool
 * kerplash!
 * holder out of reach

In Korea, European toilet paper holders are often held as collectors items. When given one as a gift (a high honour in Korean society), it is well to sign your thankyou note with the words "배설물은 맛 있다", which is basically an encouragement to flush the toilet.

title: User:Bishonen/Asian toilet paper holder


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Mangla

Mangla is a town situated in District Mirpur within the region of Azad Kashmir. The village is located in the west of the foothills of Mangla's fort (which also derived its name from the same village). It is surrounded on three sides by the semicurvature of river Jhelum flowing North to South. It is bordered with Jhelum district and with the right bank of Mangla between the State of Azad Kashmir and Punjab province of Pakistan.

Etymology
The town of Mangla was named after Mangal Devi.

History
At the time of construction of the Mangla Dam, the villages of Sultanpure, Thill, Baral and Baruti across the river in Jhelum District were developed as residential colonies and offices for foreign workers and officials.

Prior to the construction of Mangla Dam, in March 1962, almost all the inhabitants of the ancient Mangla village moved to Mangla Hamlet, therefore this town represents Mangla in a true sense. Mangla is located 12 km from the city of Mirpur, at the mouth of the Mangla Dam. The dam reservoir has a perimeter of 400 km, and is a place of interest. It hosts the Mangla Power Station, which is the second largest in Pakistan.

Mangla Fort
Mangla is the site of the historic Mangla Fort. The fort is situated on a high hill overlooking the Jhelum river, dividing the Mirpur and Jhelum districts. A part of Mangla fort was razed during the construction of the Mangla Dam, however, a large part remains and serves as a public recreation place.

Mangla Cantonment
After the completion of Mangla Dam, most of the Baral and Sultanpure Thill area was taken over by the Pakistan Army and converted into a Cantonment whereas a small section within the compound walls of Pakistan Army's officers residences, known as Baral Colony, was allotted to WAPDA named as WAPDA Officers Colony.

title: Mangla


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Philip Sherman (settler)

Philip Sherman (1611–1687) was a prominent leader and founding settler of Portsmouth in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Coming from Dedham, Essex in southeastern England, he and several of his siblings and cousins settled in New England. His first residence was in Roxbury in the Massachusetts Bay Colony where he lived for a few years, but he became interested in the teachings of the dissident ministers John Wheelwright and Anne Hutchinson, and at the conclusion of the Antinomian Controversy he was disarmed and forced to leave the colony. He went with many followers of Hutchinson to establish the town of Portsmouth on Aquidneck Island, later called Rhode Island. He became the first secretary of the colony there, and served in many other roles in the town government. Sherman became a Quaker after settling in the Rhode Island colony, and died at an advanced age, leaving a large progeny.

Life
Born in the village of Dedham in Essex, near the southeast coast of England, Philip Sherman (often spelled Shearman) was the son of Samuel and Philippa (Ward) Sherman. His grandfather and great grandfather were both named Henry Sherman. In 1633, he arrived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, settling in Roxbury, where he was made a freeman the following year.

In time, Sherman became attracted to the preachings of the dissident ministers John Wheelwright and Anne Hutchinson, during the so-called Antinomian Controversy, and following their banishment from the Massachusetts colony, Sherman and many other followers were disarmed. On 20 November 1637, he and others were ordered to deliver up all guns, pistols, swords, powder, and shot because the "opinions and revelations of Mr. Wheelwright and Mrs. Hutchinson have seduced and led into dangerous errors many of the people here in New England." The Roxbury church records give this account of Sherman, "He came into the land in the year 1632 [sic; should read 1633], a single man, & after married Sarah Odding, the daughter o[f] the wife of John Porter by a former husband. This man was of melancholy temper, he lived honestly & comfortably among us several years, upon a just calling went for England & returned again with a blessing:  but after his father-in-law John Porter was so carried away with these opinions of familism & schism he followed them & removed with them to the Iland, he behaved himself sinfully in these matters (as may appear in the story) & was cast out of the church."

Scores of the followers of Wheelwright and Hutchinson were ordered out of the Massachusetts colony, but before leaving, a group of them, including Sherman, signed what is sometimes called the Portsmouth Compact, establishing a non-sectarian civil government upon the universal consent of the inhabitants, with a Christian focus. Planning initially to settle in New Netherland, the group was persuaded by Roger Williams to purchase some land of the Indians on the Narragansett Bay. They settled on the north east end of Aquidneck Island, and established a settlement they called Pocasset, but in 1639 changed the name to Portsmouth. William Coddington was elected the first judge (governor) of the settlement.

Sherman was in Portsmouth by May 1638 when he was present at a general meeting, and the following year, he was selected as Secretary. In 1640, he and four others were chosen to lay out lands within the town, and the following year, he was made a freeman. From 1648 to 1651, he was the General Recorder for the town, and from 1649 to 1656, he was the town clerk. He sat on the Portsmouth town council for many years from 1649 to 1657, and again in the early 1670s, but appears to have stayed out of public service between 1657 and 1665. From 1665 to 1667, he once again served in a civil capacity when he was elected as a Deputy from Portsmouth.

Though Sherman was never the governor or deputy governor of the colony, that he was highly esteemed by his fellow citizens was made very clear in 1676, during the difficult times of King Philip's War. On 4 April in that year, it was voted by the General Assembly that "in these troublesome times and straits in this Colony, this Assembly desiring to have the advice and concurrence of the most judicious inhabitants, if it may be had for the good of the whole, do desire at their next sitting the company and counsel of...Philip Shearman.." and 15 others, including several former governors and deputy governors such as Benedict Arnold, Gregory Dexter, and James Barker. Sherman wrote his will on 30 July 1681, and it was proved on 22 March 1687. He had become a member of the Religious Society of Friends, better known as Quakers. His house, originally built in 1670, still stands in Portsmouth as a private residence, though moved from its original location.

Family and descendants
While still living in Roxbury, in the Massachusetts colony, Sherman married Sarah Odding, the daughter of William and Margaret Odding. He and Sarah had a large family of at least 11 children, most of whom survived childhood, married, and had large families. Sherman's mother-in-law, Margaret Odding, married secondly John Porter, another signer of the Portsmouth Compact. With Margaret, Porter had one child, Hannah, who married Samuel Wilbur, Jr., whose father, Samuel Wilbore was another signer of the compact. Among the many descendants of Philip and Sarah Sherman are former United States Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush. Other descendants include James S. Sherman, Susan B. Anthony, Janis Joplin, Sir Winston Churchill, Lyndon LaRouche, Conrad Aiken, Mamie Eisenhower, Taylor Swift and possibly Marilyn Monroe.

Ancestry
The ancestry of Philip Sherman is covered in Roy V. Sherman's 1968 genealogy of the family, with additional material published in 2013 by Michael Wood.

title: Philip Sherman (settler)


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Theda Skocpol

Theda Skocpol (née Barron; May 4, 1947) is an American sociologist and political scientist, who is currently the Victor S. Thomas Professor of Government and Sociology at Harvard University. She is best known as an advocate of the historical-institutional and comparative approaches, as well as her "state autonomy theory". She has written widely for both popular and academic audiences. She has been President of the American Political Science Association and the Social Science History Association.

In historical sociology, Skocpol's works and opinions have been associated with the structuralist school. As an example, she argues that social revolutions can best be explained given their relation with specific structures of agricultural societies and their respective states. Such an approach differs greatly from more "behaviorist" ones, which tend to emphasize the role of "revolutionary populations", "revolutionary psychology", and/or "revolutionary consciousness", as determinant factors of revolutionary processes.

Her 1979 book States and Social Revolutions was influential in research on revolutions.

Biography
Theda Skocpol was born in Detroit, Michigan on May 4, 1947. Both of her parents, Jennie Mae Becker Barron and Allan Barron, were teachers. Her mother wanted her to study home economics at a small liberal arts college, while her father was concerned about the cost of college education. She earned her BA in sociology at Michigan State University in 1969. While she attended Michigan State, she participated in the antiwar movement in response to the Vietnam War. Through the Methodist student association, she went to Rust College, a historically black college in Holly Springs, Mississippi, to teach English and math to incoming freshman. Many of the students were from sharecropper families, and were first-generation college students. She called her time in Mississippi observing racism and segregation "life-changing". She then went on to earn both her MA (1972) and PhD at Harvard University (1975). While attending Harvard, Skocpol studied with Barrington Moore Jr. Her first published article, in 1973, was a critique of Moore's Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy.

From 1975 to 1981, Skocpol served as an assistant and associate professor of sociology, at Harvard. During this time, Skocpol published her first of many books, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of Social Revolutions in Russia, France and China (1979). Some of her subsequent work focused on methodology and theory, including the co-edited volume Bringing the State Back In, which heralded a new focus by social scientists on the state as an agent of social and political change.

In 1981, Skocpol moved on to work at the University of Chicago. For the next five years, Skocpol would serve as an Associate Professor of Sociology and Political Science, and of Social Science, Professor of Sociology and Political Science, and Director for the Center for the Study of Industrial Societies.

In the early 1980s, Skocpol publicly alleged that Harvard University had denied her tenure (1980) because she was a woman. This charge was found to be justified by an internal review committee in 1981. In 1984, Harvard University offered Skocpol a tenured position (its first ever for a female sociologist), which she accepted.

From 1986 to the present, Skocpol has held various positions at Harvard University including: Professor of Sociology; Director for the Center for American Political Studies; Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; and presently is the Professor of Government and of Sociology, Victor S. Thomas Professor of Government and Sociology.

Honors and titles
Throughout her career, Skocpol has held many positions at various academic, and professional organizations, some of which include: president of Politics and History Section, chairperson, and later Council member of the American Political Science Association (1991–1996). Out of over one hundred past presidents, since 1903, only about ten women have held that office. Skocpol is also Founder and Co-Editor, Princeton Studies in American Politics: Historical, Comparative, and International Perspectives (1993 – present); and Senior Advisor in the Social Sciences, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study (2006–2008).

According to her Curriculum Vitae Skocpol has been distinguished by over twenty awards and honors, some of which are: C. Wright Mills Award of The Society for the Study of Social Problems in 1979; elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2006; and she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2008. Her book Protecting Soldiers and Mothers (1992) was awarded the 1993 Woodrow Wilson Award for best book in political science by the American Political Science Association. She is also an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.

In 2007, she was awarded the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science, one of the world's most prestigious prizes in political science for her "visionary analysis of the significance of the state for revolutions, welfare, and political trust, pursued with theoretical depth and empirical evidence."

In 2015, she was named an Andrew Dickson White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University (term: 2015–2021).

In October 2019, Skocpol was awarded with an honorary doctorate from Radboud University Nijmegen.

States and Social Revolutions (1979)
Skocpol's most famous book, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of Social Revolutions in Russia, France and China (1979), discusses how most theories account only for direct action in bringing about revolutions. Social Revolutions are fast-paced foundational transformations of society's state and class structures. She includes the structure involved in creating a revolutionary situation that can lead to a social revolution - one that changes civic institutions and government once the administration and military branches collapse.

In her text, Skocpol "offers a framework of reference for analyzing social-revolutionary transformations in modern world history" and discusses and compares the causes of the French Revolution of 1787–1800, the Russian Revolution of 1917–1921, and the Chinese Revolution of 1911–1949.

According to Skocpol, there are two stages to social revolutions: a crisis of state and the emergence of a dominant class to take advantage of a revolutionary situation. The crisis of state emerges from poor economy, natural disaster, food shortage, or security concerns. Leaders of the revolution also have to face these constraints, and their handling of them affects how well they re-establish the state.

Skocpol uses Marxism's class struggle to assert that the main causes of social unrest are state social structures, international competitive pressures, international demonstrations, and class relations. Critics suggest that Skocpol ignores the role of individuals and ideology and uses varied comparative methodological strategies.

State autonomy theory
Before she wrote Protecting Soldiers and Mothers, Skocpol first devised what she termed state autonomy theory. This theory underlined the idea that state bureaucracies could have the potential for autonomous operations, and that this potential was ignored by scientists who were focused on society-centric studies. Skocpol considers the idea that parties are more important in America than the government, and that class dominance plays heavily into American politics.

Protecting Soldiers and Mothers (1992)
In this book, Skocpol shows, contrary to the conventional wisdom, that the United States was a precocious welfare state in the early 20th century and that it did not lag behind European states at that point in time.

In the book, Skocpol considers increased benefits for Civil War veterans and their families resulting from competitive party politics, as well as greater actions taken in women's movements. Soldiers and mothers benefited from social spending, labor regulations, and health education through reformative women's clubs across the nation. Simultaneously, Skocpol refutes her claim that theorists had ignored states' independent power in her state autonomy theory, explaining "my state-centered theoretical frame of reference had evolved into a fully 'polity-centered approach,' meaning that social movements, coalitions of pressure groups, and political parties must be given their due in understanding power in America."

Skocpol explains how clubs and associations fill the vacuum left by fewer bureaucracies and an official church throughout the country, offering a case study in how women succeeded in gaining labor rights, mothers' pensions, minimum wage, and subsidized natal health clinics. Further, Skocpol points out that women were able to overcome class disparity to achieve these goals, working at a national level, influencing representatives with books, TV, magazines, and meetings.

Diminished Democracy (2003)
Diminished Democracy discusses the changes in US public involvement and its recent concerning decline. Skocpol talks about how to reverse it in explaining how the U.S. became a civic nation, the organizers of that movement, management of civic organizations, changes in them, the harmful effects of that change, and how to recreate a sense of citizenship.

Since fewer and fewer Americans join voluntary groups that meet frequently, there has been a proliferation of nonprofit groups led by elites who can interact with the government, but not the people. Skocpol provokes the reader with the idea that civic involvement will one day become another job rather than a civilian responsibility.

Scholars Strategy Network
In 2009, Skocpol conceived of and co-founded the Scholars Strategy Network, an association of academics and researchers who coordinate to address public challenges while increasing the accessibility of their findings to those outside of academia. As of 2018, she serves as the network's Director.

Personal life
In 1967, while studying at Michigan State University, she married Bill Skocpol. They were both students at Michigan State, with Bill a physics major from Texas. They had met through a Methodist organization for students. Her last name is sometimes quoted as Skočpol. She has one son, Michael Skocpol, an attorney and former law clerk for Sonia Sotomayor.

She is also an avid American football fan. In 2023, she helped rescue a postal carrier being attacked by a pair of turkeys.

Edited volumes

 * American Society and Politics: Institutional, Historical, and Theoretical Perspectives (with John L. Campbell), McGraw-Hill (New York), 1995.
 * States, Social Knowledge, and the Origins of Modern Social Policies (with Dietrich Rueschemeyer), Princeton University Press, 1996.
 * The New Majority: Toward a Popular Progressive Politics (with Stan Greenberg), Yale University Press (New Haven, CT), 1997.
 * Democracy, Revolution, and History (with George Ross, Tony Smith, and Judith Eisenberg Vichniac), Cornell University Press (Ithaca, NY), 1998.
 * Civic Engagement in American Democracy (with Morris P. Fiorina), Brookings Institution Press (Washington, DC)/Russell Sage Foundation (New York City), 1999.
 * The Transformation of American Politics: Activist Government and the Rise of Conservatism (with Paul Pierson), Princeton University Press, 2007.
 * Reaching for a New Deal: Ambitious Governance, Economic Meltdown, and Polarized Politics in Obama's First Two Years (with Lawrence R. Jacobs, Russell Sage Foundation (New York), 2011.
 * Upending American Politics: Polarizing Parties, Ideological Elites, and Citizen Activists from the Tea Party to the Anti-Trump Resistance (with Caroline Tervo), Oxford University Press (New York), 2020.
 * Civic Engagement in American Democracy (with Morris P. Fiorina), Brookings Institution Press (Washington, DC)/Russell Sage Foundation (New York City), 1999.
 * The Transformation of American Politics: Activist Government and the Rise of Conservatism (with Paul Pierson), Princeton University Press, 2007.
 * Reaching for a New Deal: Ambitious Governance, Economic Meltdown, and Polarized Politics in Obama's First Two Years (with Lawrence R. Jacobs, Russell Sage Foundation (New York), 2011.
 * Upending American Politics: Polarizing Parties, Ideological Elites, and Citizen Activists from the Tea Party to the Anti-Trump Resistance (with Caroline Tervo), Oxford University Press (New York), 2020.

Select articles

 * A Critical Review of Barrington Moore's Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Politics and Society, 4(1), pp. 1–34
 * Review article: "Cultural Idioms and Political Ideologies in the Revolutionary Reconstruction of State Power: A Rejoinder to Sewell," The Journal of Modern History Vol. 57, No. 1, March 1985

title: Theda Skocpol


text:
Talk:Leonid Kadeniuk

Untitled
Michael, I couldn't find time to ascertain actually how old this guy is and when the F did he make his flight. In fact, survival-concerned Ukrainians have forgotten his heroic deed very soon. Would you correct these holes? Pryvit, AlexPU

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Atrato River

The Atrato River (Río Atrato) is a river of northwestern Colombia. It rises in the slopes of the Western Cordillera and flows almost due north to the Gulf of Urabá (or Gulf of Darién), where it forms a large, swampy delta. Its course crosses the Chocó Department, forming that department's border with neighboring Antioquia in two places. Its total length is about 650 km, and it is navigable as far as Quibdó (400 km / 250 mi), the capital of the department.

In 2016, the Constitutional Court of Colombia granted the river legal rights of personhood after years of degradation of the river basin from large-scale mining and illegal logging practices, which severely impacted the traditional ways of life for Afro-Colombians and Indigenous people.

Watershed
The river’s total length is about 650 km, and it is navigable as far as Quibdó (400 km / 250 mi), the capital of the department. The basin occupies an area of 37,810 km2 and has an average annual precipitation of >5,000 mm/year that reaches up to 12,000 mm/year in the upper basin.

Flowing through a narrow valley between the Cordillera and coastal range, it has only short tributaries, the principal ones being the Truandó, the Sucio, and the Murrí rivers.

The gold and platinum mines of Chocó line some of its confluence, and the river sands are auriferous. Mining and its toxic leavings have adversely affected river and environmental quality, damaging habitat for many species and affecting the ethnic groups, the predominantly Afro-Colombian and Native American indigenous peoples who live along the river. The river is one of the few ways to move around in the Chocó region.

Wildlife
Northwestern Colombia encompasses an area of great diversity in wildlife. During the Pleistocene era at the height of the Atrato river, where it intersected the Cauca-Magdalena, the area was covered by a sea. It is proposed that this created a geographic barrier that may have caused many species to diverge through the process of allopatric speciation. For example, Philip Hershkovitz proposed that the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) and the white-footed tamarin (Saguinus leocopus) diverged because of the rise of the Atrato, and today they are principally separated by the river.

Fish

 * Andinoacara biseriatus - A Cichlid.

History
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the San Juan and the Atrato rivers attracted considerable attention as part of a feasible route for a trans-isthmian canal in Colombia. William Kennish, an engineer and inventor from the Isle of Man and Royal British Navy veteran, proposed an aqueduct making use of the Atrato River and its tributary, the Truando River, to cross the Colombian isthmus. After publishing a report in 1855 on this proposal for a New York firm, he was chosen to guide a US military expedition to explore and survey the proposed project in Colombia. In 1901, the United States government's Isthmian Canal Commission determined that the Atrato River was not suitable for a canal, due to the length of the route (over 100 miles) and the large amount of silt carried by the river, and recommended Nicaragua and Panama as preferable sites.

In November 2016, the Constitutional Court of Colombia declared the legal personhood of the Atrato River possessing the rights to ‘’protection, conservation, maintenance, and restoration. '' While the Colombian Constitution does not explicitly recognize Rights of Nature [RoN], ruled that it is a set of ‘’biocultural rights’’ that can be inferred from guarantees in the constitution for biodiversity, cultural, and humanitarian protections. The ‘biocultural rights’’ claim emphasized that the cultural rights of Colombian Indigenous and Afro-Colombian citizens, and the biological rights of the Atrato River are inextricably linked. As a result, Judge Palacio ruled that the biocultural rights should support the conservation, restoration, and sustainable development of the Atrato River

The ruling transpired from the degradation of the river basin from large-scale mining and illegal logging practices, which severely impacted the traditional ways of life for Afro-Colombians and Indigenous people. Illegal logging changed the flow of the river, and illicit mining increased the level of toxic chemicals [i.e., mercury and cyanide] entering the river system, causing a threat to the biodiversity of the area, and adversely impacting the health of the vulnerable people of these societies, including children

The court referred to New Zealand’s Te Awa Tupua Act (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) and cited New Zealand’s recognition of the Whanganui River’s legal personhood as precedent. Following that example, the court ordered the creation of a guardian body – the Commission of the Guardians of Atrato River, to represent the interests of the river, and manage the river’s resources in a sustainable way that is consistent with the river’s legal personhood status. Initially, the commission would include government representatives and one community representative. However, civil society rejected the idea of just one community and instead made a request for fourteen council members to serve on the council. The request was approved, and the council was formed in May 2018.

title: Atrato River


text:
Kamen Rider Agito

Kamen Rider Agito (仮面ライダーアギト), is the eleventh installment in the popular Kamen Rider tokusatsu franchise. The series represented the 30th anniversary of the Kamen Rider Series.

The series was also a joint collaboration between Asatsu-DK and Toei and was shown on TV Asahi from January 28, 2001, to January 27, 2002. The series served as an indirect sequel to Kamen Rider Kuuga, which this show is set in the same universe as the previous show, and the first Kamen Rider series to not have an ending sequence. The series aired along with Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger. The series is airing on Toku after being added to the network in November 2020.

Story
Two years have passed since the Unidentified Lifeform case concluded, a series of mysterious and impossible murders are taking place across the city carried out by unknown beings. A man named Shouichi Tsugami has no memory of who he was, where he came from, or how he came upon his peculiar circumstances to transform into a powerful superhuman, Kamen Rider Agito, whenever in the presence of the beings referred to by the police as the "Unknown". Known as the Lords, these powerful monsters perceived themselves as humanity's defenders and kill certain people in a series of murders that force the police department to make Makoto Hikawa the user of the Kamen Rider G3 powersuit which was modeled after Kamen Rider Kuuga. Shouichi and Makoto, both initially hesitant of the other at first, are joined by Ryō Ashihara, who becomes a pre-Agito known as Kamen Rider Gills and seeks the truth behind his father's suicide. These mysteries and many others collide as the true nature of Agito would ultimately determine the fate of humanity.

Movies and specials

 * TV Special:
 * They were originally aired on October 1, 2001, between Episodes 35 and 36, the special features all three Riders plus the first appearances of G3 Mild and Agito Shining Form. Shouichi encounters psychologist Azuma Kunieda, who had once nursed him back to health, fights an Unknown at night and reaches Burning Form, but goes out of control. Then, Kunieda helps him control it. All three Riders fight against the Beetle Lord. The story ended with a mysterious girl stalking G4 and was to be continued in the movie.

 * There is a difference between the series' plot and the special's plot: in the latter, Tōru Hōjō eavesdrops on Shōichi and Kunieda's conversation behind a window and finds out Shōichi is Agito; in the series, however, Hōjō ambushes Agito as he flees from a battle scene, sees as he reverts back to Shōichi and arrests him.

 * Released in theatres on 22 September 2001, Project G4 was a double bill with Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger the Movie: The Fire Mountain Roars. Shouichi encounters a teenage girl called Sayaka Kahara, who ran away from a military facility because of an attack by the Ant Lords. Sayaka has a supernatural ability to foresee the future. Risa Fukami, of the military group GA, wants to use that power to enhance the newly made G4 System, which was based on designs stolen from Ozawa. Now, Agito and Gills must fight to stop the Ant Lords' attack, as G3 and G4 settle their score. The events of the movie happen in the late 30s–early 40s after the special.
 * Released in theatres on 22 September 2001, Project G4 was a double bill with Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger the Movie: The Fire Mountain Roars. Shouichi encounters a teenage girl called Sayaka Kahara, who ran away from a military facility because of an attack by the Ant Lords. Sayaka has a supernatural ability to foresee the future. Risa Fukami, of the military group GA, wants to use that power to enhance the newly made G4 System, which was based on designs stolen from Ozawa. Now, Agito and Gills must fight to stop the Ant Lords' attack, as G3 and G4 settle their score. The events of the movie happen in the late 30s–early 40s after the special.

 * The film grossed over ¥1 billion at the Japanese box office.

 * Three Great Riders is the Hyper Battle Video for Agito. The events of the video show, the Televi-Kun mascot, calling upon Kamen Riders Agito, G3, and Gills to help fight several Unknowns that have invaded his world. Still, he will only trust the "Ultimate Rider". The video featured exclusive finishing moves for the three Riders. G3's special weapon that appears in the video, the Antares, was later featured in the television series.
 * Three Great Riders is the Hyper Battle Video for Agito. The events of the video show, the Televi-Kun mascot, calling upon Kamen Riders Agito, G3, and Gills to help fight several Unknowns that have invaded his world. Still, he will only trust the "Ultimate Rider". The video featured exclusive finishing moves for the three Riders. G3's special weapon that appears in the video, the Antares, was later featured in the television series.

Production
The Kamen Rider Agito trademark was registered by Toei on October 16, 2000.

Video game
A video game based on the series, developed by KAZe and published by Bandai, was released in Japan on November 29, 2001, for the PlayStation. It is a fighting game.

S.I.C. Hero Saga
Agito featured two S.I.C. Hero Saga side stories published in Monthly Hobby Japan magazine. The first was titled and featured a crossover with Kamen Rider 555. It introduces the new characters and the. The story was published from October 2003 to March 2004. Later, in the S.I.C. Hero Saga Vol. 2 book, the elements of 555 were removed from the story and the Dog Orphnoch was changed to the.

The second S.I.C. Hero Saga story titled expands on the story told in Project G4 in showing the G-Series suits Generation 1,, Generation 2, and the  vehicle. It also features the. The story was published from October 2007 to January 2008.

 * Heaven's Door chapter titles

 * Project G1 chapter titles
 * 1) GENERATION 1
 * 2) G4-X
 * V1
 * 1) ΑGITΩ

Novel
, written by Naohiro Okamura and supervised by Toshiki Inoue, is part of a series of spin-off novel adaptions of the Heisei Era Kamen Riders. The novel was released on January 31, 2013.

Cast

 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:
 * Narration:

Project G4 cast

 * Customer in Hamburger Shop:
 * Sayaka's Father:
 * Sayaka's Mother:
 * MPD Superintendent General:
 * Customer in Hamburger Shop:
 * Sayaka's Father:
 * Sayaka's Mother:
 * MPD Superintendent General:

Songs

 * Opening themes
 * Lyrics:
 * Composition & Arrangement:
 * Chorus:
 * Artist:
 * Episodes: 2 - 35
 * Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 * Composition & Arrangement: Kazunori Miyake
 * Remix: Kazunori Miyake, ,
 * Chorus: Lisa Ooki
 * Artist: Shinichi Ishihara
 * Episodes: 36 - 50 & TV Special
 * Insert themes
 * "BELIEVE YOURSELF"
 * Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 * Composition & Arrangement: Kazunori Miyake
 * Artist:
 * Episodes: 1 - 8, 10 - 13, 15 - 25 & TV Special, 51
 * "STRANGER IN THE DARK"
 * Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 * Composition & Arrangement:
 * Artist:
 * Episodes: 9
 * "MACHINE TORNADER"
 * Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 * Composition & Arrangement: Kazunori Miyake
 * Artist: Shinichi Ishihara
 * Episodes: 14, 31 & 40
 * "DEEP BREATH"
 * Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 * Composition:
 * Arrangement: RIDER CHIPS
 * Artist: RIDER CHIPS featuring ROLLY
 * Episodes: 26 - 30, 32 - 39, 41 & 43 - 50
 * Lyrics (Japanese ver.): Shoko Fujibayashi
 * Composition & Arrangement: Toshihiko Sahashi
 * Artist: Tamami Shiraishi
 * Episodes: 40 & 42
 * Composition & Arrangement: Toshihiko Sahashi
 * Artist: Tamami Shiraishi
 * Episodes: 40 & 42

 * Movie theme
 * Lyrics & Composition:
 * Arrangement & Artist:
 * Arrangement & Artist:

International Broadcasts, Home Video, and Video Streaming

 * In the Philippines, it was aired on ABS-CBN as Masked Rider Agito with a Tagalog dub from 2003 to 2004.
 * In Indonesia, the series on Indosiar with an Indonesian dub.
 * In the United States, the series aired in its original Japanese audio with English subtitles on the Toku TV channel and streaming service in November 2020.
 * Two decades later, Toei commissioned a Latin-Spanish dub in 2021, produced by Olympusat with dubbing work by Mexican studio, Meliorem for digital streaming. This was dubbed remotely online during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was licensed and released in Latin America on April 24, 2021, on and May 23, 2023, in North America on FreeTV respectively, and DistroTV for Latin American users in March 2023.

title: Kamen Rider Agito


text:
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title: Template:Afd2


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Garma

Garma may refer to:

Geography

 * Al-Karmah, a city in Iraq, also spelt Garma
 * Garma, Iran, a village in Kerman Province, Iran
 * Garma, Khuzestan, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran
 * Garma, Nepal, a former village development committee in Nepal
 * Garma, Tibet, a place in Tibet

Other uses

 * Garma (album), an album by Yothu Yindi
 * Garma Festival of Traditional Cultures (aka Garma), a festival celebrating Yolngu culture in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia
 * Garma Zabi (ガルマザビ), a character in the fictional universe of Mobile Suit Gundam

title: Garma


text:
Talk:Theda Skocpol

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Eadoss.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 11:14, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page.

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Untitled
As with Barrington Moore Jr., I don't have huge knowledge on this subject, but thought that Skocpol at least deserved a stub. Hopefully I'll be able to slowly flesh these out, or some kindly soul will lend a hand... Vanky 15:40, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Paragraphing
There's a 2,500 word paragraph in this article. It either needs to be cut down or at least punctuated properly by someone who understands Skocpol's work better than I do. Bandanamerchant (talk) 11:03, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

Some additions
I will be adding that Skocpol is currently "Victor S. Thomas Professor of Government and Sociology at Harvard University". I don't believe that is addressed. Also, I plan to edit out the paragraph formation and present an updated bibliography.Eadoss (talk) 02:45, 3 June 2016 (UTC)

Ideas to Improve this page
Week 3 Assignemnt My ideas to improve this page, feedback appreciated: --Eadoss (talk) 02:13, 5 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Add “Dr.” in front of each occurrence of “Skocpol”
 * Add a link to “state autonomy theory”
 * Reword “has written widely for both popular and academic audiences”
 * Possibly update picture
 * Edit/delete “2002-3, Skocpol…” and reword the sentence to say Skocpol served as President of the American Political Science Association from 2002 – 2003”
 * Add “University” after each occurrence of “Harvard”
 * Reword “Her 2003 work, Diminished Democracy, seeks to explain the decline of American civic participation in recent decades”
 * Add punctuation where needed, fix paragraph structures
 * Fix links that do not work (there are a few)
 * The last link on the page “About Skocpol” should be re-titled, and this link added: http://scholar.harvard.edu/thedaskocpol/home

Suggested edit and editions to works cited
Here are some edits and additions I suggest to add information to the page, and then cite from in a bibliography: Politico. (2012). Arena Profile: Theda Skocpol. Politico, LLC. Retrieved from: http://www.politico.com/arena/bio/theda_skocpol.html

Klein, Ezra. (2016). Theda Skocpol on how political scientists think differently about politics. The Ezra Klein Show Podcast. The Stitcher. Retrieved from: http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/panoply/the-ezra-klein-show/e/theda-skocpol-on-how-political-scientists-think-differently-about-42895494

Harvard University. (2016). Theda Skocpol - Publications. Retrieved from: http://scholar.harvard.edu/thedaskocpol/publications

Harvard University. (2016). Theda Skocpol - Biographical Note. Retrieved from: http://scholar.harvard.edu/thedaskocpol/biocv

Harvard University. (2016) Theda Skocpol - Curriculum Vitae. Retrieved from: http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/thedaskocpol/files/skocpol_cv_2009.pdf?m=1360044018

Skocpol, Theda. (1979). States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Skocpol, Theda. (1992). Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Skocpol, Theda. (1994). Social Revolutions in the Modern World. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.

Skocpol, Theda. (1995). Social Policy in the United States: Future Possibilities in Historical Perspective. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Skocpol, Theda. (1995). State and Party in America's New Deal. With Kenneth Finegold. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Skocpol, Theda. (1996). Boomerang: Clinton's Health Security Effort and the Turn Against Government in U.S. Politics. New York: W.W. Norton.

Skocpol, Theda. (1997). Boomerang: Health Reform and the Turn Against Government. New York: W.W. Norton.

Skocpol, Theda. (2000). The Missing Middle: Working Families and the Future of American Social Policy. A Century Foundation Book. New York: W. W. Norton.

Skocpol, Theda. (2003). Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life. Rothbaum Series. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.

Skocpol, Theda. (2006). What a Mighty Power We Can Be: African American Fraternal Groups and the Struggle for Racial Equality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Skocpol, Theda. (2012). Obama and America’s Political Future. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Also, an addition of information on her newest work on the Tea Party.--Eadoss (talk) 00:29, 6 June 2016 (UTC)

Ok! Going forward
Hello - I see no one has commented or made any suggestions to the edits I want to make, so I am going to go forward with those.

Thanks - --Eadoss (talk) 01:18, 13 June 2016 (UTC)

Edits
Lots of edits today! I did a lot of cleaning up of Paragraphs, punctuation, etc. I added an Introduction title section. I also added to, arranged by date, and italicized titles. I edited some paragraphs in the biography and introduction sections to flow by date, so there wasn't so much skipping around. I also added an explanation of why she was given a particular award, then cited it in the notes at the bottom. I hope to dig deeper into the already addressed theory titles, to make sure they are explained correctly. Also, there is a good pod cast interview with that I want to add in here somewhere, but need ideas how and where. I added the pod cast link in one of my last talk comments above.--Eadoss (talk) 00:47, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

Question
Can anyone out there in Wiki World find Theda Skocpol's maiden last name for me? ThanksEadoss (talk) 22:02, 2 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Rohtas Fort

Rohtas Fort (Punjabi,, romanized: Qilā Rohtās) is a 16th-century fortress located near the city of Dina in Jhelum district of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Raja Todar Mal, the minister of the Sur king Sher Shah Suri, supervised the construction of the fort which is now one of the largest and most formidable in Punjab.

The fort remains remarkably intact and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. UNESCO called it an "exceptional example of the Muslim military architecture of Central and South Asia."

Location
Rohtas Fort is approximately 16 km northwest of Jhelum near the city of Dina. The fort is 3 km from Khukha and Gaggar Khurd and 8 km south of the Grand Trunk Road, one of Asia's oldest roads. The historic Badshahi Road road once passed along the northern outer wall of the fort.

Rohtas Fort is situated on a hill in the Tilla Jogian Range, overlooking a gorge where the Kahān River meets a seasonal stream called Parnal Khas. The fort is positioned 91.5 m above its surroundings. It is 819 m above sea level and covers an area of 70 ha.

At the northern edge of the Rohtas Fort; situated near the fort's Talaqi gate, it overlooks Gurdwara Chowa Sahib.

Sur period
Sher Shah Suri, the founder of the Sur Empire, commissioned the Rohtas Fort on the advice of his generals, who suggested him to adopt a scorched earth strategy to defeat the warring Gakhar, a local Punjabi Muslim tribe who were providing bold resistance to the Surs, near the Salt Range region in Punjab. Thus the idea of the Rohtas Fort was conceived, with Sher Shah laying down the foundation of the fort. The fort occupied a strategic position between the mountains of Afghanistan and the plains of Punjab, preventing Humayun from returning to India from his exile in Persia. Its name celebrated the Sher Shah Suri's 1539 capture of the Rohtas Fort in the Shahabad district of Bihar from a Hindu prince.

The construction of Rohtas Fort started in 1541 under the supervision of finance minister Todar Mal, himself a Punjabi Khatri. However, its construction soon stopped when the local Gakhar population was unwilling to work on the construction due to all the male tribesmen taking a vow to not cooperate with the Surs lest be threatened with excommunication or expulsion. Thus Todar Mal was not able to find even one labourer to help him in the construction of the fort. This was the case until he under the orders of Sher Shah raised the workers' wages to such a degree that many of the Gakhars became willing to help with the fort's construction. Sher Shah Suri did not live to see its completion as he died in 1545 before the fort was completed.

Mughal period
With Sher Shah Suri's death, Humayan returned to regain his rule of the Punjab region. Rohtas Fort was ceded to Humayun in 1555. As a result, the fort lost much of its defensive significance. It was never popular with the Mughals because of its plain military style and lack of gardens. In the 1580s, Emperor Akbar constructed the nearby Attock Fort that was a better fit to Mughal interests.

Akbar only stayed at Rohtas Fort for a single night. Emperor Jahangir rested there for one night while traveling to Kashmir. He noted, "This fort was founded in a cleft and the strength of it cannot be imagined." Later, after his victorious return from a forced exile in Kabul, Jahangir convened his court at Rohtas Fort for a short time.

During the Mughal era, the fort was used almost continuously until 1707. The Afsharid ruler Nader Shah camped at the fort during his invasion of the Mughal Empire. After that, it was used by the Afghan Durrani chieftain Ahmad Shah Durrani during his invasions of Punjab against the Sikhs.

Sikh Empire period
Gurmukh Singh Lamba captured Rothas Fort in 1825 from Nur Khan, a Gakhar chief. Raja Fazal Din Khan was the last to use Rohtas Fort for military purposes when he participated in a successful rebellion led by Sher Singh in the late 1830s; however, the fort never saw any fighting. The Sikh Empire used the fort for administrative purposes until the British took the region in 1849.

Architecture
The designers of Rohtas Fort valued function over form. Its style draws from Turkish, Middle Eastern, and South Asian artistic traditions.

Layout
Rohtas Fort covers an area of 70 ha, enclosed by 4 km of walls. It has bastion towers and twelve monumental gates that provide access to the inner fort. The fort is an irregularly shaped triangle and follows the contours of its hill. The northwest corner of the fort is walled off from the rest of the structure by a 533 m wall. The enclosed section served as a citadel for elites. It could hold up to 30,000 men.

Ramparts
The fort's walls are built in sandstone laid in lime mortar mixed with brick. The height of the outer wall varies between 10 and 18 m with a thickness between 10 and 13 m. The fortified walls have 68 bastion towers at irregular intervals. The ramparts follow the hilltop's contours.

The fort's wall had up to three terraces at different levels, connected by staircases. The uppermost terrace has merlon-shaped battlements from which soldiers could fire muskets and pour molten lead. In addition, the fort has hundreds of machicolations, each beautifully decorated with geometric patterns. These small drains led from the interior to the exterior walls so the soldiers could pour molten lead or other hot liquids on invaders trying to scale the fort's walls.

Gates
Rohtas Fort has 14 gates built of grey ashlar stone

Sohail

Sohail gate features some of the best masonry work of the Sur Empire and was likely the ceremonial main entrance to the fort. Its namesake is the local saint, Sohail Bukhari, interred in the southwestern portion of the gate.

This rectangular gate measures 21.34 m high by 20.73 m wide, and with a depth of 15 m. Its central archway is 4.72 m wide and maintains its shape throughout the depth of the gate. The gateway has ornamental floral motifs with richer decorations on its outer face. There are seven battlements along the outer face of the Sohail gate. A room on the upper floor has windows that open toward the fort's interior. There is also a small window in the middle of the inner arch.

Shah Chandwali
Shah Chandwali is a double gate that links the citadel to the main fort. The outer gate is an entrance from the citadel. It is 13.3 m wide and 8.23 m deep. The inner gate is a simple archway 3.66 m wide. Its namesake is Shah Chandwali, a saint who refused wages for working on this gate. He died while working on the gate's construction and is buried nearby. His shrine still stands.

Kabuli
Kabuli gate opens to the northwest in the general direction of Kabul, Afghanistan, its namesake. The gate now houses a visitors' information center and a museum set up by the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation.

The gate may have been built in two stages. It consists of an inner and outer gate that encloses a stepwell. Its opening is 3.15 m wide and is flanked by two bastions on either side. The gate has five battlements on top, with stairs leading up the outside wall. South of the gate is the Shahi Mosque, so many call it the Shahi Darwaza.

Shishi
Shishi gate derives its name from the glazed tiles that decorate its outer arch. These blue tiles are the earliest known examples of this technique, later refined in Lahore. A carved calligraphy inscription to the left of the gate gives the date of construction of the fort. The Persian inscription says:"In the Hijri Year 948 [1541 CE] came the exalted At that time constructed the great fort The Emperor is Sher, with long life There is no match to his good fortune It was completed by Shahu Sultan."

Langar Khani
Langar Khani gate opens directly into the citadel but was designed as a trap in the direct line of fire from the fort's bastions. It is a double gate with a central arched opening that is 15.25 m high and 3.5 m wide. The outer arch has a small window like Sohail Gate. The external opening leads to a Langar Khana (kitchen). Two bastions on either side of the gate include kitchens, stores, and a well for water. The opening of this gate is L-shaped, requiring a turn to the right after entering. It is decorated with carved calligraphy inscriptions.

Talaqi
Talaqi gate has two bastions on each side. It is 15.25 m high and 13.8 m wide. This gate features a duplicate of the carved calligraphy inscription on Shishi gate. The origin of the name Talaqi is unknown. Some say the gate's name is a derivative of "Talaq", meaning divorce. According to another legend, Prince Sabir Suri entered this gate and had a fatal attack of fever. His death was regarded as a bad omen, giving the gate its name of "Talaqi".

Mori
The Mori gate opens to the north and faces towards Kashmir. As a result, it is also called Kashmiri gate. Morigate opens into one chamber, which opens into another.

Khwas Khani
Khwas Khani is a double gate named after one of Sher Shah Suri's greatest generals, Khawas Khan Marwat. It was the original main entrance to the fort from the Grand Trunk Road, famously known as GT Road. The outer gate is 12.8 m wide and 8 m deep. The outer gate has a bastion, five battlements at its top, and flanking defensive walls with cannons. All of the battlements have loopholes and machicolations. The inner and outer gates are almost mirrored images. The inner side of Khwas Khani also has five battlements, making it unique amongst the fort's inner gates. The inner and outer arches have calligraphy inscriptions and sunflower motifs like Sohail gate. The inner gate also has a room with windows that open to the inside and the outside. It is accessible by only one gate and has a fine stepwell, suggesting it was for the royal family.

Gatali
Gatali is a single gate that is 9.15 m high and 6.1 m deep. It faces the village Gatali ford, also called Patan Gatiali or Gatiyalian, the critical point to cross the Jhelum River for the Kashmir Valley. Gatali gate is decorated with carved calligraphy inscriptions.

Sar
Sar is a small entrance that seems to have been made by locals knocking down the main wall (outer boundary) as a passage to the adjacent jungle. There is a bastion next to this gate. Because the now dilapidated pond in front of this gate has existed since the fort's beginning, the entrance is called Sar gate (water pond).

Tulla Mori and Pippli
Tulla Mori and Pippli are entrances rather than gates. Tulla Mori is on the eastern side of the fort and has an adjacent bastion. It is 2 m wide. Pippli is 2.13 m

Royal mosque
The small Shahi Masjid (Royal mosque) is near the Kabuli gate and is the most decorated of the fort's original buildings.

The mosque includes a prayer chamber and a small courtyard. Stairs lead from the courtyard to the top of the Kabuli gate. The mosque's outer wall is also the fortification wall, meaning soldiers walked over the mosque's roof.

The prayer chamber is 19.2 m long and 7.3 m deep. It has three equal sections with domed ceilings that are not visible from outside the structure. The Pesh Imam (prayer leader) had a small room at the end of the prayer chamber. This room has a small interior domed roof, also not visible from outside the mosque. The mosque lacks a place for ablution (cleaning up before prayers).

The mosque has decorative stone carvings featuring a sunflower motif and calligraphy engravings. One such carving is outside the Pesh Imam and features the word "Allah" in Arabic calligraphy. The merlons on top of the Shahi Mosque have the same carving. The sunflower motif is also on each side of the arches of the Shahi Mosque and the guard posts between each gate. There are round carvings of the Six Kalimas in Naskh script, surrounded by lilies, on the mosque's outer wall.

Palace
The Raja Man Singh Haveli, located on the highest point of the citadel, is the fort's only palace. The Rani Mahal (Queen's palace) is a one-story structure inside the fort. It originally had four rooms, but only one room remains today. The room is 2.45 by square. It is 6.1 m high and beautifully decorated inside and outside. The inside of the roof has decorative flowers, geometrical patterns, and fake windows. The stone dome roof is carved on the exterior to resemble a flower.

Stepwells
There are three baolis or stepwells in the fort, made by cutting deep into the limestone. The central baoli is in the middle of the fort and served soldiers, elephants, and horses. This baoli has 148 steps. Each step is 20 cm wide. Three arches span its length.

The royal baoli is near the Kabuli gate. It has 60 steps and small chambers used as baths by the royal family. The Sar gate baoli, located near the Sar gate, is smaller and was most likely used by soldiers.

Legacy and conservation
Rohtas Fort was designated a World Heritage Site in 1997, having met the following inclusion criteria: The fort is noted for its high integrity and authenticity. The central archway of Chandwali gate was recently restored and is the only modern construction on the fort. However, in early 2005, the left inner face of Talaqi gate collapsed due to seepage, heavy rains, and general neglect. At the same time, the right flank and foundation detached from the original structure. Over time, Gatali gate's right bastion and supporting wall collapsed due to permeated rainwater and erosion of its foundations.
 * Criterion (ii): "Rohtas Fort blends architectural and artistic traditions from Turkey and the Indian subcontinent to create the model for Mughal architecture and its subsequent refinements and adaptations."
 * Criterion (iv): "Rohtas Fort is an exceptional example of the Muslim military architecture of central and south Asia during the 16th century."

The Himalayan Wildlife Foundation conceived the Rohtas Fort Conservation Programme in 2000 to help protect the fort and develop it as a heritage site. The foundation is undertaking several projects in conjunction with the Royal Norwegian Embassy, including completing the restoration of Shah Chandwali gate and conserving Haveli Man Singh, Talaqi gate, and Gatali gate. The project also included creating the Sher Shah Suri Museum in the upper story of Sohail gate.

Eviction order
In 1992, the government of Pakistan ordered the locals of Rohtas City to leave the inside area of the fort, stating that the government would construct houses for them outside the fort. Zafar Chughtai, the chairman of Rohtas City, opposed the order and declared that no government could take the properties of Rohtas locals. The order is still in effect, but no subsequent government has pursued its execution and has allowed residents to reside inside the fort.

title: Rohtas Fort


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Harriet Hosmer

Harriet Goodhue Hosmer (October 9, 1830 – February 21, 1908) was a neoclassical sculptor, considered the most distinguished female sculptor in America during the 19th century. She is known as the first female professional sculptor. Among other technical innovations, she pioneered a process for turning limestone into marble. Hosmer once lived in an expatriate colony in Rome, befriending many prominent writers and artists.

She was a cousin of poet William H. C. Hosmer and tragic actress Jean Hosmer.

Early life and education
Harriet Hosmer was born on October 9, 1830, at Watertown, Massachusetts, and completed a course of study at Sedgewick School in Lenox, Massachusetts. Her mother and three siblings died during her childhood. She was a delicate child, and was encouraged by her father, physician Hiram Hosmer, to pursue a course of physical training by which she became expert in rowing, skating, and riding. He also encouraged her artistic passion. She traveled alone in the wilderness of the western United States, and visited the Dakota Indians.

She showed an early aptitude for modeling, and studied anatomy with her father. Through the influence of family friend Wayman Crow she attended the anatomical instruction of Dr. Joseph Nash McDowell at the Missouri Medical College (then the medical department of the state university). She then studied in Boston and practiced modeling at home until November 1852, when, with her father and her lover Charlotte Cushman, she went to Rome, where from 1853 to 1860 she was the pupil of the Welsh sculptor John Gibson, and she was finally allowed to study live models.

"When Hosmer knew herself to be a sculptor, she knew also that in America was no school for her. She must leave home, she must live where art could live. She might model her busts in clay of her own soil, but who should follow out in marble the delicate thought which the clay expressed?  The workmen of Massachusetts tended the looms, built the railroads, and read the newspapers.  The hard-handed men of Italy worked in marble from the designs put before them; one copied the leaves which the sculptor threw into the wreaths around the brows of his heroes; another turned with the tool the folds of the drapery; another wrought up the delicate tissues of the flesh; none of them dreamed of ideas - they were copyists - the very hand-work that her head needed.  And to Italy she went..."

Rome
While living in Rome, she associated with a colony of artists and writers that included Nathaniel Hawthorne, Bertel Thorvaldsen, William Makepeace Thackeray, the philosopher and feminist Frances Power Cobbe and the two female Georges, Eliot and Sand. When in Florence, she was frequently the guest of Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning at Casa Guidi.

"She was very peculiar, but she seemed to be her actual self, and nothing affected or made up; so that, for my part, I gave her full leave to wear what may suit her best, and to behave as her inner woman prompts."

The artists included Anne Whitney, Emma Stebbins, Edmonia Lewis, Louisa Lander, Margaret Foley, Florence Freeman, and Vinnie Ream. Hawthorne was clearly describing these in his novel The Marble Faun, and Henry James called them a "sisterhood of American ‘lady sculptors'." As Hosmer is now considered the most famous female sculptor of her time in America, she is credited with having 'led the flock' of other female sculptors. Frances Power Cobbe argued that the case of Hosmer showed that women could be creative artistic geniuses, just as much as men, and that Hosmer's work was pioneering a new women's art that celebrated female strength and power.

Artistic style
Hosmer was drawn to the Neoclassical style, which was easy to study given her presence in Rome. She enjoyed studying mythology, and she created various representations of mythological icons, such as the sculpture of The Sleeping Faun, which includes intricate details of elements such as his hair, the grapes, and the cloth draped over him.

Later life
She also designed and constructed machinery, and devised new processes, especially in connection with sculpture, such as a method of converting the ordinary limestone of Italy into marble, and a process of modeling in which the rough shape of a statue is first made in plaster, on which a coating of wax is laid for working out the finer forms.

Hosmer later lived in Chicago and Terre Haute, Indiana.

Hosmer exhibited her sculpture of Queen Isabella, commissioned by the Queen Isabella Association, in the California State Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. The statue was exhibited again in 1894 at the California Midwinter International Exposition.

For 25 years she was romantically involved with Louisa, Lady Ashburton, widow of Bingham Baring, 2nd Baron Ashburton (died 1864). Lady Ashburton provided Harriet a studio close to the Ashburton home in Knightsbridge, London.

Hosmer died at Watertown, Massachusetts, on February 21, 1908, and is buried in the family plot at Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge. Aside from the work she produced, Harriet Hosmer made her mark on art history and feminist and gender studies. As the National Museum of Women in the Arts put it, "Harriet Goodhue Hosmer defied 19th-century social convention by becoming a successful sculptor of large scale, Neoclassical works in marble."

Context
In the 19th century women did not usually have careers, especially careers as sculptors. Women were not allowed to have the same art education as men, they were not trained in the making "great" art such as large history paintings, mythological and biblical scenes, modeling of figure. Women usually produced artwork that could be done in their home, such as still lives, portraits, landscapes, and small scale carvings, although even Queen Victoria allowed her daughter, the Princess Louise, to study sculpture.

Hosmer was not allowed to attend art classes because working from a live model was forbidden for women, but she took classes in anatomy to learn the human form and paid for private sculpture lessons. The biggest career move she made was moving to Rome to study art. Hosmer owned her own studio and ran her own business. She became a well-known artist in Rome, and received several commissions.

Hosmer commented on her break from tradition by saying "I honor every woman who has strength enough to step outside the beaten path when she feels that her walk lies in another; strength enough to stand up and be laughed at, if necessary."

Legacy
Mount Hosmer, near Lansing, Iowa is named after Hosmer; she won a footrace to the summit of the hill during a steamboat layover during the 1850s.

During World War II the Liberty ship SS Harriet Hosmer was built in Panama City, Florida, and named in her honor.

A book of poetry, Waking Stone: Inventions on the Life Of Harriet Hosmer, by Carole Simmons Oles, was published in 2006.

Her sculpture, Puck and Owl, is featured on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail.

The Hosmer School in Watertown, Massachusetts is a public elementary school. It was built on land donated by Harriet's father, Dr. Hiram Hosmer. The school was originally dedicated to both Hiram and Harriet's cousin Dr. Alfred Hosmer in honor of their years of service to the community. On February 1, 2022, to mark the occasion of the opening of the newly renovated school, the town of Watertown rededicated the building to include Harriet. From the rededication ceremony; "This change is not to exclude, demote, nor snub the Doctors Hiram and Alfred Hosmer, rightly honored for their combined decades of service to the town, but rather to include Harriet, internationally famous even in her own time when women had fewer outlets for publicly acknowledged accomplishments. Harriet was present for the dedication of the first building, named for her father and her cousin. It is time she is equally recognized."

Selected works
Hosmer made both large and small scale works and also produced work to specific order. Her smaller works were frequently issued in multiples to accommodate demand. Among her most popular were 'Beatrice Cenci', which exists in several versions.

 * Hesper, The Evening Star, her first original sculpture (1852)
 * Doctor McDowell, a portrait of a man who had a great impact on Hosmer's professional life (1852)
 * Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1853)
 * Hosmer Medusa MIA 7629.jpgDaphne and Medusa, ideal heads (1853)
 * Puck (1855), a spirited and graceful conception which she copied for the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Hamilton and others
 * Oenone (1855), her first life-sized figure, now in the Saint Louis Art Museum
 * Will-O-The-Wisp, three known variations (1856, 1858, 1864)
 * Beatrice Cenci (1857), which exists in several versions, including one in the St. Louis Mercantile Library and one in the Art Gallery of New South Wales
 * Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra (1857), Art Institute of Chicago
 * Lady Constance Talbot, "the only known Hosmer medallion that is a bas relief portrait of a woman" (1857)
 * Tomb of Judith Faconnet, the first American-made artwork that is now permanently installed in Sant'Andrea della Fratte (1857 - 1858)
 * The Fountain of the Hylas and the Water Nymphs (1858)
 * Zenobia (1859), owned by the St. Louis Art Museum in St. Louis, Missouri
 * The Fountain of the Siren, her most well known fountain design (1861)
 * Thomas Hart Benton, the first public monument in the state of Missouri (1862)
 * Gate for an Art Gallery (1864)
 * A Sleeping Faun (1865) is now being displayed at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Another version is in Iveagh House, Dublin, see Homan Potterton, 'An American Sculpture at the Dublin Exhibition of 1865: Hariet Hosmer's Sleeping Faun', The Arts in Ireland Autumn 1973.
 * Portrait of Wayman Crow (1866), John Gibson (1866)
 * A Waking Faun; a bronze statue of Thomas H. Benton (1866 - 1867) for Lafayette Park, St. Louis. It was created as a companion to "The Sleeping Faun".
 * Lincoln Memorial, sometimes known as "Freedmen's Monument" (1867 - 1868)
 * Queen of Naples, "the second of the three full size statues of celebrated female sovereigns Hosmer chose to represent over the course of her career" (1868)
 * Sentinel of Pompeii (1878)
 * Crerar Lincoln Memorial - The African Sibyl, made in attempt to win a Lincoln Memorial competition (1888 - 1896)
 * Bronze gates for the Earl of Brownlow's art gallery at Ashridge Hall.
 * The Staghound, commissioned by the Empress of Austria
 * Dolphin Fountain (1892), the male companion to Hosmer's The Mermaid's Cradle, Hosmer's only remaining complete fountain (1892 - 1893)
 * Queen Isabella of Castile, Hosmer's last known completed work that was commissioned by the Daughters of Isabella (1893)
 * An alternate Emancipation Memorial—designed but not constructed
 * Statues of the queen of Naples as the heroine of Gaeta, and of Queen Isabella of Spain for the Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893.

Additional sources

 * Culkin, Kate. Harriet Hosmer: A Cultural Biography. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2010.
 * Culkin, Kate. Harriet Hosmer: A Cultural Biography. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2010.

title: Harriet Hosmer


text:
Talk:Franz Walter Stahlecker

Untitled
A points in this article requires clarification:

It says that "He (Stahlecker)was then assigned to the main office of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD)..". Is this a reference to the Sicherheitshauptamt in Berlin, or is in talking about a local (e.g., state of Wuerttemberg)-level main office?--Jim_Lockhart 15:42, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

HSSPF?
All the scholarly literature I've seen lists Stahlecker as BdS Ostland. Prützmann and then Jeckeln were HSSPF Ostland. — Zalktis 17:00, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

map
The map isn't showing the borders for the Ostland, but possibly some Russian map after the occupation of eastern Poland. --41.151.218.121 (talk) 22:44, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

22 Dec 1941- clarification?
The image text shows him to be wounded on 22nd December 1941- but the text body makes no mention of him being attacked (let alone injured!) at that time, only that he was (eventually) killed the next year. Can this be clarified? Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi  20:02, 8 May 2015 (UTC) }}

Infobox
Why, considering that Stahlecker "commanded Einsatzgruppe A, the most murderous of the four Einsatzgruppen", it has been removed from the Infobox that he was known to be an "Holocaust perpetrator"? This is his only encyclopedic relevance. Carlotm (talk) 02:00, 2 February 2016 (UTC)

 * I agree with the above as to his his claim of notability. However, it appears that "Infobox military person" does not accommodate " |known_for= Holocaust perpetrator . " I don't know what can be done. K.e.coffman (talk) 08:33, 6 February 2016 (UTC)

 * You may embed "Infobox military person" template into the "Infobox Person" template, and use its "known_for" tag. See an example here.

 * BTW, there is another issue in the current Infobox. Although "Allegiance" tag lists German Empire, Weimar Repulic and Nazi Germany, the "Years of service" tag lists a period only related to Nazi Germany (1933-1942). From German Wiki I understand that he served during WWI a short period of military service (21 September - 7 December 1918). During the Weimar Republic he performed legal traineeship at local courts, later being employed from 7 March 1928 to 27 August 1930 as Amtmann (bailiff) in a couple of towns and from 28 August 1930 to 28 May 1933 as manager of Nagold Employment Service Office. It seems that, before Nazi Germany era, his military/police service was in point of fact absent. Carlotm (talk) 02:49, 8 February 2016 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure how to embed an infobox within an infobox. Would you like to do it? Meanwhile, I will correct the allegiances. K.e.coffman (talk) 07:22, 9 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I would help you were I not in a self-block mode currently. Maybe tomorrow I'll try something in my sandbox. Cheers. Carlotm (talk) 10:00, 9 February 2016 (UTC)
 * K.e.coffman, I created the embeded infobox in my sandbox. Grab it and make any changes you deem necessary. Cheers. Carlotm (talk) 21:08, 9 February 2016 (UTC)

Thank you, this looks better. Is there a way to say "SS career" rather than "military career"? SS was a paramilitary organization, rather than a military one, as I understand. This may be a good solution for other EG personnel, such as Arthur Nebe; he never served on the front lines, although his post-war apologist Gisevius referred to his EG B activities as a "brief command at the front". K.e.coffman (talk) 03:27, 10 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately current template does not allow any change. So I posted a request for change in template talk page. I created also another Infobo in my Sandbox, but they are not the best. Cheers. Carlotm (talk) 17:21, 10 February 2016 (UTC)
 * K.e.coffman, the requested change has been made, and now the, when embedded, can have its own title: . I posted on my sandbox an updated version of Stahlecker's infobox for you to grab. Cheers. Carlotm (talk) 00:57, 2 March 2016 (UTC)

Death place and cause of death
Stahlecker was not killed in action, but died on wounds while flown from Riga to Prague. Please check your informations. --129.187.244.19 (talk) 09:38, 14 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Not, he was wounded at his leg/butt(ocks), during a combat contact with partisans.
 * During the transport by plane to Prague, he died because of bleeding-out.
 * (Sorry for my poor English.)
 * yep. Not "killed in action" (KIA), but "died on wounds" (DOW). As I said before. --213.172.123.242 (talk) 10:25, 18 August 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:38, 28 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Belorussian SSR in 1940 after annexation of eastern Poland.jpg

title: Talk:Franz Walter Stahlecker