text:
Cerorhinca

Cerorhinca is a genus of auk containing the rhinoceros auklet and several fossil species.

Evolutionary history
The genus Cerorhinca evolved in the North Pacific during the Miocene. Fossils have been found as far south as Baja California. While previously only known from the Pacific region, an unnamed species has been discovered from the Pliocene of North Carolina, suggesting the genus had a much wider distribution in the past.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cerorhinca


text:
User:Tmac88

My User Page I am Currently a member of Da Vinci High School and Davis Senior High School. I enjoy getting physical exercise, mainly playing sports like Basketball,Soccer, and football. I also enjoy being cooped up inside at certains times, mainly using my computer, listening to music, and playing video games. I also try to get my school work done in my spare time, and keep an okay GPA. When I am not playing sports, doing homework, or playing video games, I enjoy hanging out with my friends. Overall I enjoy many simple things that entertain me.

title: User:Tmac88


text:
Edward Pease (railway pioneer)

Edward Pease (31 May 1767 – 31 July 1858), a woollen manufacturer from Darlington, England, was the main promoter of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, which opened in 1825. He is sometimes referred to as the "Father of the Railways".

Background and education
Pease was born on 31 May 1767 as the eldest son of the Darlington woollen manufacturer Joseph Pease (1737–1808) and his wife, Mary Richardson. The family were prominent Quakers: his brother Joseph Pease (1772–1846) was a founder of the Peace Society in 1817 and involved in the second, 1839 Anti-Slavery Society, for which he wrote tracts. Edward boarded at a school in Leeds run by Joseph Tatham the elder, and then joined his father's woollen business at the age of 15. On 30 November 1796, he married a fellow Quaker, Rachel (died 1833), daughter of John Whitwell, of Kendal. They had five sons and three daughters.

Railway promotion
In 1809, Pease became involved (like his grandfather before him) in longstanding aspirations to improve navigability on the lower Tees, so that County Durham collieries could compete more effectively with those of Tyneside to supply coal to London. This was abandoned in favour of a railway. Meanwhile, Pease introduced into the scheme the steam engine maker George Stephenson, and an initial act of Parliament for a horse-drawn railway was immediately superseded by one for a steam-hauled line. Also prominent was a cousin of his, the Darlington banker Jonathan Backhouse, and in promoting steam, Nicholas Wood, the engineer and manager of Killingworth Colliery.

Pease, described at the time as "a man of weight, of prudence, of keen commercial instincts", was charged with showing that steam would be a sound investment, and his young son Joseph drew up the company prospectus. The scheme was approved by Parliament in 1821. Robert Stephenson and Company was founded in Newcastle in 1823 to manufacture locomotives, with Pease as one of the principals. Stephenson was put in charge of the project and the line opened on 27 September 1825.

The company initially provided only the track, which was hired out to whoever wished to run a train hauled either by horses or by steam. The transition to standard railway management was gradual, spurred on by frequent disputes between drivers about right of way and by the dangers of the higher speeds of steam locomotives.

"Perseverance"
In 1829 Pease retired from the railway, whose running was taken over by his second son Joseph Pease. Joseph, like his uncle and namesake, was prominent in the anti-slavery movement and in prison reform. In 1832 he became the first Quaker to sit in Parliament.

Edward Pease had extensive connections among the Quaker banking community, which helped considerably in promoting the railway. He also invested strongly in 1823 in Stephenson's new company for building locomotives in Newcastle upon Tyne. He retired from business in 1833, but not from religious life as a Quaker.

Edward had cordial relations with Stephenson and his son Robert for the rest of his life. He died of heart failure in Darlington on 31 July 1858 and was buried in the Quaker burial-ground in Skinnergate. Samuel Smiles described Pease as "a thoughtful and sagacious man, ready in resources, possessed of indomitable energy and perseverance." An edition of his diaries appeared in 1907.

There is a statue of Joseph Pease in the centre of Darlington.

Locomotion No 1, the first engine to haul passengers by steam on a public railway, used to stand in Darlington Bank Top railway station as a monument to Edward Pease and the Stockton and Darlington Railway, but was later moved to North Road station, and again to the National Railway Museum branch in Shildon, County Durham, the former operating base of the S&DR, despite an extensive campaign organised by Darlington-born sympathisers who collected a 7,000-strong petition from signatories around the world (including members of the House of Lords and celebrities such as Sir Michael Palin) to stop the move. Due to various railway company takeovers, amalgamations or buyouts over the years, the obscurity of ownership was used to justify the bitterly resented relocation. On the day the foundation stone was being laid at Darlington for the pedestal on which to display it, Henry Pease concluded his speech by saying ''"he rejoiced at seeing the first locomotive about to be placed in a suitable position, so as to hand down to posterity a memorial of one of the greatest events the civilised world ever witnessed."

External sources

 * Edward Pease, National Portrait Gallery, London
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20050209121421/http://www.railcentre.co.uk/stockton/stocktonmenu.htm
 * Darlington Quaker Photographs
 * The Diaries of Edward Pease
 * The Diaries of Edward Pease

title: Edward Pease (railway pioneer)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/James Patrick Hogg

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 01:06, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

James Patrick Hogg
Content before blanking:

''James Patrick Hogg, who lives in Sutton, York Road to be exact is really just the best! He goes to Overton Grange school and is the best student there. He has been given many awards, including 'Best Person Of The Year Award' and 'Most likely To Become World Ruler Award'. If you ever meet this amazing boy, be sure to give him money and lots of nice things as one day he will repay you. When he is the richest man alive.''

He is the best.

 * Unbelievably stupid vanity. Delete. jni 17:44, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mikkalai 20:06, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC).
 * Delete. Utterly pathetic drivel. It is so bad I strongly suspect this was written by someone else with the intention of embarrasing Mr Hogg at the thought that anyone would think he might have written this himself. Average Earthman 20:26, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Is moving the content to the VfD page the new procedure for crap like this? I like it. But you know what would be even better? A speedy delete. -R. fiend 23:23, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity or prank. Megan1967 01:56, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity, no claim to notability. JoaoRicardo 02:58, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete as vandalism or libel. Wyss 23:56, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as obvious prank. GRider\talk 22:29, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Karl August

Karl-August may refer to:

 * Adam Karl August von Eschenmayer (1768–1852), German philosopher and physician
 * Christian Karl August Ludwig von Massenbach (1758–1827), Prussian soldier
 * Eduard Karl August Riehm (1830–1888), German Protestant theologian
 * Friedrich Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1743–1812), Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
 * Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin (1873–1964), German-born Swedish biochemist
 * Johann Karl August Musäus (1735–1787), German author from Jena
 * Karl August, 10th Prince of Thurn and Taxis (1898–1982), tenth Prince of Thurn and Taxis
 * Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1757–1828), duke of Saxe-Weimar and of Saxe-Eisenach
 * Karl August, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1844–1894), Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
 * Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1704–1763), Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
 * Karl August Alten (1764–1840), Hanoverian and British soldier
 * Karl August Auberlen (1824–1864), German Lutheran theologian
 * Karl August Bottiger (1760–1835), German archaeologist and classicist
 * Karl August Devrient (1797–1872), German stage actor
 * Karl August Ehrensvard (1745–1800), Swedish naval officer, painter, author, and neo-classical architect
 * Karl August Einbund (1888–1942), Estonian journalist, politician and head of state
 * Karl August Engelbrekt Ahlqvist (1826–1889), Finnish poet, scholar of the Finno-Ugric language, author, literary critic
 * Karl August Ferdinand von Borcke (1776–1830), Prussian general, first recipient of the Iron Cross
 * Karl August Folkers (1906–1997), American biochemist, working at Merck
 * Karl August Friedrich Mahn (1802–1887), German philologist and language teacher and researcher
 * Karl August Genzken (1885–1957), physician, conducted human experiments on prisoners of concentration camps
 * Karl August Görner (1806–1884), German actor, director and playwright
 * Karl August Hanke (1903–1945), official of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party)
 * Karl August Haraldsen (1889–1959), Norwegian merchant
 * Karl August Hase (1800–1890), German Protestant theologian and Church historian
 * Karl August Katzer (1822–1904), Sorbian composer and conductor
 * Karl August Lossen (1841–1893), German petrologist and geologist
 * Karl August Mobius (1825–1908), German zoologist
 * Karl August Nerger (1875–1947), naval officer of the Imperial German Navy in World War I
 * Karl August Nicander (1799–1839), Swedish lyric poet
 * Karl August Offman (born 1940), Mauritian politician
 * Karl August Otto Hoffmann (1853–1909), German botanist and a high school teacher in Berlin
 * Karl August Ramsay (1791–1855), Finnish politician
 * Karl August Reinhold Wunderlich (1815–1877), German physician, pioneer psychiatrist, medical professor
 * Karl August Steinheil (1801–1870), German physicist, inventor, engineer and astronomer
 * Karl August Varnhagen von Ense (1785–1858), German biographer, diplomat and soldier
 * Karl August von Bergen (1704–1759), German anatomist and botanist
 * Karl August von Hardenberg (1750–1822), Prussian statesman and Prime Minister of Prussia
 * Karl August von Heigel (1835–1905), German novelist
 * Karl August Wilhelm Frenzel (1911–1996), the commandant of Sobibor extermination camp's Lager I section
 * Karl August Wittfogel (1896–1988), German-American playwright, historian, and sinologist
 * Karl August Wuensche (1838–1912), German Christian Hebraist
 * Karl-August Fagerholm (1901–1984), Speaker of Parliament and three times Prime Minister of Finland
 * Karl-August Freiherr von Bülow (1904–1986), highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II
 * Karl-August von Reisach (1800–1869), German Catholic theologian and Cardinal
 * Kraft Karl August zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (1827–1892), Prussian general and military writer
 * Max Karl August Bruch (1838–1920), German Romantic composer and conductor

title: Karl August


text: Category:Illyria

title: Category:Illyria


text:
Talk:M4 carbine

Switching out infobox image
Floating the idea here first but what about using this image for the infobox? File:M4 PEO Soldier.jpg The tilted image with the fugly ass grip-pod and the sopmod stock that's not really available to most joes just never seemed to represent what the average soldier/marine/airman out there used. Jasonkwe (talk) (contribs) 00:07, 1 August 2022 (UTC)

query
The M4 carbine (officially Carbine, Caliber 5.56 mm, M4) is a 5.56×45mm NATO, gas-operated, magazine-fed, carbine developed in the United States during the 1980s.

Are the commas correct here? Maybe they are, but I'm looking grammar nerds to double-check things. Electricmaster (talk) 19:21, 23 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The second comma was incorrect, so I removed it. Although I'm not really sure if it's necessary to mention being gas-operated and magazine-fed in the lede to begin with, seeing as (unless I'm mistaken), all ARs/carbines are both of those things. Loafiewa (talk) 19:27, 23 November 2022 (UTC)
 * AR, whether you mean AR-15 or Assault Rifle, isn't mentioned yet by the article. And no carbine is just a shortened rifle.  It goes back to refer to shortened muskets and bolt action rifles, but also lengthened pistols like the WW1 era Lugers and C96s with stocks and handgrips attached.  That said, it is a bit wordy, maybe change magazine fed to select fire?  I think that's more accurate to its role and capability, I mean, how many gas operated select fire carbines form the 1980s aren't magazine fed. Wozrop (talk) 00:13, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Removing the last two “variants”
Both the Colt Advanced Piston Carbine and the Jim Sullivan Enhanced M4 aren’t actually M4 variants adopted by the DOD in any capacity, so I would move their descriptions to separate pages. Steve7c8 (talk) 02:12, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

 * I’ve noticed that these have been added back to the article, albeit in a different section. I’m still not convinced that this article is the right place for them, given that they are distinctly different firearms, and especially Jim Sullivan’s ArmWest modified M4. Steve7c8 (talk) 04:53, 16 July 2023 (UTC)

M4 carbine to Colt M4
Why is the manufacturer's name not included on this firearm? JTC22 (talk) 02:00, 14 July 2023 (UTC)

 * The military designation is generally used since the manufacturer has changed over the years for several weapons. [M4 carbine instead of Colt M4.] -Fnlayson (talk) 02:14, 14 July 2023 (UTC)

Query - riling up the masses
The phrase "Following the military adoption of the AR-15 as the M16 rifle" is causing a lot of people to think that the AR-15 is a fully automatic weapon.

That's not the same AR-15 that is talked about on the evening news.

Can we maybe insert the phrase "Armalite AR-15"? The M16 article says "Armalite AR-15" not "AR-15".

It's making the anti-gun people think every AR-15 is an M-16. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jgwinner (talk • contribs) 15:54, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Done. Whoever added the AR-15 link didn't pay attention to the redirect's target, or didn't know there was a difference. BilCat (talk) 17:56, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:M4 carbine


text:
User talk:Andersja~enwiki

Wikipedians who blog
Hi! if you have a moment, could you please see Wikinews and blogs to comment? We're interested in learning how Wikinews can work with bloggers; what they might be interested in, how they can take advantage of Wikinews, how they can contribute through their blogs, etc. Thanks! Amgine/ talk

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Andersja. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Andersja~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:27, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Andersja~enwiki


text: User talk:151.203.29.113

title: User talk:151.203.29.113


text:
Talk:Alpha male

What is?
The Alpha Male. What I wanna know is what is the alpha male...what makes men strive to be this standard of masculinity? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.107.186.22 (talk) 17:51, 3 February 2005 (UTC)

article
There should be an article for this. It is a notable part of social dynamics and society. I like filipino women (talk) 02:57, 9 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alpha male


text:
User:Mad dog

Kyle JamesonAkA Mad Dog hello i atend High School, but on my free time i love to ride my mountain bike. riding my mountain bike is what i love to do. during the summer iswhen i do most of my riding, i travel up to canada for the hole summer, in the time that i am in Canada i do a summer camp that is called Summer Gravity Camps. this camp is very fun, i have mad friends that will probible be in my life for a long time. bust most of all the camp has improved my riding skills so much. when im not on my bike i am hanging out with my friends, i try to do that as much as i can. because school streses me out to the max and then i have to go to work, so i have to hangout with my friends will releeve my strees. the most strees releeving exursize that i do would be mountain biking.

title: User:Mad dog


text:
User:Znorlyn

Hello my name is Zak Norlyn; I am a junior attending Da Vinci High School. I play a plethora of musical instruments; I can play drums, bass and guitar equally bad. I want to go to a UC college after two years of community college. I love to watch movies, and play music with my friends. I love having fun. I am in two bands at the moment, they are Streblo and Shawn of the grateful dead.

title: User:Znorlyn


text:
User talk:192.35.35.36

September 2013
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Inuit culture. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. Thank you. -Uyvsdi (talk) 00:19, 7 September 2013 (UTC)Uyvsdi

Sean Hannity
You're going to need a reference if you want it to change it from "conservative" to "neoconservative". Please see WP:V and WP:RS for further instruction. and are clearly also you, and they were reverted just like you were. You're not fooling anyone by hopping around on different IPs. Stop adding this unreferenced content to this BLP. Thanks! Doc  talk  08:41, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

November 2013
Hello, I'm MusikAnimal. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Cardinal direction, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. — MusikAnimal talk 19:43, 27 November 2013 (UTC)

December 2013
Hello, I'm Writers Bond. Wikipedia is written by people who have a wide diversity of opinions, but we try hard to make sure articles have a neutral point of view. Your recent edit to Jacob and Esau seemed less than neutral to me, so I removed it for now. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. Writers Bond (talk) 15:27, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
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June 2016
Hello, I'm Dcirovic. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —the one you made with this edit to South Carolina State University— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Dcirovic (talk) 18:36, 16 June 2016 (UTC)

Reference errors on 20 September
Hello, I'm ReferenceBot. I have automatically detected that an edit performed by you may have introduced errors in referencing. as follows: Please check this page and fix the errors highlighted. If you think this is a false positive, you can [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=edit&preload=User:A930913/RBpreload&editintro=User:A930913/RBeditintro&minor=&title=User_talk:A930913&preloadtitle=ReferenceBot%20–%20&section=new report it to my operator]. Thanks, ReferenceBot (talk) 00:21, 21 September 2016 (UTC)
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October 2016
Hello, I'm RunnyAmiga. Your recent edit to the page List of pop punk bands appears to have added incorrect information, so I have removed it for now. If you believe the information was correct, please cite a reliable source or discuss your change on the article's talk page. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. RunnyAmiga ※  talk 13:00, 5 October 2016 (UTC)

April 2017
Hello, I'm Yoshi24517. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —the one you made with this edit to Apnea— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Yoshi24517 Chat  Very Busy  03:24, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

June 2019
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Birmingham Gay Village has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.

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September 2019
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March 2020
Refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism will result in the loss of editing privileges. I'm not perfect but I'm almost (talk) 23:50, 11 March 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:192.35.35.36


text:
User talk:151.199.196.221

Nomination of Jeremy Ward (sound technician) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Jeremy Ward (sound technician) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Jeremy Ward (sound technician) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Boleyn (talk) 12:38, 30 July 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:151.199.196.221


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Emma Goldman/archive1

Emma Goldman
This article seemed to have reached a fairly stable and mature state. It's informative and interesting and would probably make a good feature article (especially since there are so few feature articles about women). I would like to get other people's opinion of the article and how it can be improved. Also, extra fact checking and copyediting would be helpful. Mostly though, I want to know if the organization and content of the article are appropriate for a feature article, and what could be added or changed to make it better. Kaldari 17:56, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Overall, a good basis, but I find it to be laregly too light on details (some sections acutely so); and on that note, more emphasis could be placed on her body of works and theory which could certainly be expanded further.

 * Best of luck with the article,

 * El_C 20:54, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I agree with El C, this is a mere outline of Goldmann's life, rather than a comprehensive article. The life and especially the works need to be treated more fully. Also, you might possibly want to think about re-organizing the material, as well as expanding it. The text contains a collection of short summaries of Goldmann's discussions/agitation/writings wrt many different topics, and these summaries have been carefully formulated to fit into a chronological account of her life. I do see the advantages of such a structure: for instance, it allows a harmonious melding of each particular view with its consequences (like prison sentences or deportations). That's fine, and there certainly is a close and interesting relationship between life and works in this case. But isn't a structure like that also a bit of a straightjacket for the presentation of her writings? I get the feeling that squeezing Goldman's works and theories into a chronological framework makes it harder to do them justice. An example of a first-the-life then-the-works-and-ideas structure you may care to take a look at is Max Weber, I don't know if you think something like that might suit your material, which is of course different: Weber is a more academic and influential writer, and Goldman's life was a thousand times more eventful than his, but those differences don't necessarily mean that Goldman's writings should be given less weight, in the context of an article about her. But I suggest this reorganisation with some hesitation, as something for you to ponder, more than something necessarily better.

(If the text is going to stay this short—but I hope it isn't—you need to merge these much too short sections together into perhaps 3 or 4 longer ones.)

Sources: there is a lot of good material about Goldmann on the web, and I think your selection of external links is excellent. But the reader needs more information about the relationship between these websites and your text. To this end, you need to divide the links into a References section (=material used for the article) and an External links section (=further reading). (I don't know if maybe the second category would be empty, I should think you've used most or all of the websites.) Anyway, I think it would lift the encyclopedic quality of the text if you also engaged with your sources in the text itself. Bishonen | Talk 21:10, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the excellent suggestions. Per your advice I'm thinking about reorganizing it into three sections - her life, her politics, and her writing. The current content could mostly go into the section about her life and the 2 other sections will need to be further developed. I added a References section per your advice as well and will try to use more citations in the article text. Kaldari 06:33, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Category:English constitutionalists

This category is for people, who composed Works of authority on the British constitution and/or influenced its growth and understanding.

Resources
 * Dangerous Positions; Mixed Government, the Estates of the Realm, and the Making of the "Answer to the xix propositions", Michael Mendle, University of Alabama Press, 1985.

title: Category:English constitutionalists


text:
North Hinksey

North Hinksey is a village in the civil parish of Botley and North Hinksey, in the Vale of White Horse district, in Oxfordshire, England, on the west side of the Thames flood plain immediately opposite the city of Oxford. The civil parish includes the large settlement of Botley, effectively an isolated suburb of Oxford, with the Botley Road as the sole highway link across the flood plain. North Hinksey was in all respects part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred administration of the Vale of White Horse district to Oxfordshire County Council; it remains part of the historic county of Berkshire however, since the 1974 act did not change the ancient county boundaries. The village of North Hinksey has a manor house, The Fishes public house, a Church of England primary school and a Church of England parish church, St. Lawrence's, which dates back to at least the 12th century. Four of the older houses have thatched roofs.

There was also the administrative offices of the Church of England Diocese of Oxford (Diocesan Church House) in the enlarged former vicarage. This, as of September 2016 is to be converted to housing. Harcourt Hill and Raleigh Park lie to the southwest of the village. All the shopping and other facilities in the parish are now found in Botley. The centre of the old village is now effectively cut off from much of the newer part of Botley by the busy Oxford Ring Road, part of the A34 trunk road, though there are two pedestrian underpasses. The parish has a cemetery which includes 671 identified Commonwealth war graves.

History
Also called Hengestesige (10th century); Hengsteseia (12th century); Henxtesey (13th century); Northengseye (15th century); Laurence Hinksey, Ferry Hinksey, Ivy Hinksey, (passim). North Hinksey was anciently called Hengestseigge, and was given in 955 to Abingdon Abbey. This place was settled in the Saxon era. Its toponym is thought to mean 'stallion's isle'. Along with the neighbouring village of South Hinksey, it was once part of the estate of the Benedictine abbey at Abingdon, and was in Berkshire until the boundary changes of 1974. The village appears on the 1610 John Speed map as 'Laurence Hinksey', after the church's dedication, while a 1670s map shows 'Ivy Hinksey'.

It was also at one time called Ferry Hinksey, being linked to the eastern side of Hinksey Stream by a small ferry, reached from west Oxford by way of Ferry Hinksey Road. The ferry ceased operation in 1928, and the various streams are now crossed by small bridges, though a 'Ferry Cottage' remains that matches the period and has access to the river. Ferry Hinksey (as it was then) is also the burial place of Thomas and Rachael Willis (died 1648 and 1631 respectively) the parents of the physician Dr Thomas Willis. He played an important part in the history of anatomy, neurology, and psychiatry, and was a founding member of the Royal Society.

The parish church of Saint Lawrence's contains two war memorials commemorating the twenty-three men of North Hinksey and Botley who died in the two world wars.

On 1 April 2023 the civil parish was renamed from "North Hinksey" to "Botley and North Hinksey".

John Ruskin and the diggers
The critic John Ruskin was fond of riding out from Oxford, and his trips often took him westwards to North Hinksey, whose rustic charm he admired. (There is a plaque to this effect on one of the old thatched cottages.) He noted the poor state of the village road, and in 1874, he thought of a scheme which would give Oxford students the benefits of manual labour, and also improve conditions for the villagers. He organised a group of undergraduates to help him in the building of an improved road, bordered with banks of flowers. The episode might have vanished into historical obscurity, except that the students in his road-building gang included Oscar Wilde, Alfred Milner, Hardwicke Rawnsley, William Gershom Collingwood and Arnold Toynbee. Wilde later wrote of the episode in Art and the Handicraftsman, (published in Essays, 1879):

"We were coming down the street—a troop of young men, some of them like myself only nineteen, going to river or tennis-court or cricket-field—when Ruskin going up to lecture in cap and gown met us. He seemed troubled and prayed us to go back with him to his lecture, which a few of us did, and there he spoke to us not on art this time but on life, saying that it seemed to him to be wrong that all the best physique and strength of the young men in England should be spent aimlessly on cricket ground or river, without any result at all except that if one rowed well one got a pewter-pot, and if one made a good score, a cane-handled bat. He thought, he said, that we should be working at something that would do good to other people, at something by which we might show that in all labour there was something noble. Well, we were a good deal moved, and said we would do anything he wished.  So he went out round Oxford and found two villages, Upper and Lower Hinksey, and between them there lay a great swamp, so that the villagers could not pass from one to the other without many miles of a round. And when we came back in winter he asked us to help him to make a road across this morass for these village people to use. So out we went, day after day, and learned how to lay levels and to break stones, and to wheel barrows along a plank—a very difficult thing to do. And Ruskin worked with us in the mist and rain and mud of an Oxford winter, and our friends and our enemies came out and mocked us from the bank. We did not mind it much then, and we did not mind it afterwards at all, but worked away for two months at our road. And what became of the road? Well, like a bad lecture it ended abruptly—in the middle of the swamp. Ruskin going away to Venice, when we came back for the next term there was no leader, and the 'diggers', as they called us, fell asunder."

Local topography
It remains difficult to travel from North Hinksey to South Hinksey, although the Oxford Ring Road now links the two villages. The most notable path between Oxford and North Hinksey is a metalled bridleway and cycle track variously known as Willow Walk and Ruskin's Ride. This path was built in 1876–77 by Aubrey Harcourt (1852–1904), a major local landowner, but not open to the public until 1922. There is also a smaller unmade path which begins alongside the large back garden of The Fishes and crosses Hinksey Stream by a bridge at the site of the old ferry.

Raleigh Park
Raleigh Park, comprising woodland, grassland and unusual alkaline boggy areas, lies in North Hinksey just west of the Oxford ring road. It is managed by Oxford City Council and conservation work is done by the Friends of Raleigh Park and the Oxford Conservation Volunteers.

title: North Hinksey


text:
Badminton Horse Trials

The Badminton Horse Trials is a five-day event, one of only seven annual Concours Complet International (CCI) Five Star events as classified by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI). It takes place in May each year in the park of Badminton House, the seat of the Duke of Beaufort in South Gloucestershire, England.

History
Badminton was first held in 1949 by the 10th Duke of Beaufort in order to let British riders train for international events, and was advertised as "the most important horse event in Britain". It was the second three-day event held in Britain, with the first being its inspiration – the 1948 Summer Olympics. The first Badminton had 22 horses from Britain and Ireland start, and was won by Golden Willow. Eight of the 22 starters failed to complete the cross-country course. Badminton was the home of the first European Championship in 1953, won by Major Laurence Rook on Starlight XV. In 1955, Badminton moved to Windsor Castle for a year, at the invitation of the Queen, in order to hold the second European Championships. Badminton was first televised in 1956.

In 1959, Badminton was held in two sections, called the Great and Little Badminton, due to the popularity of the event and the number of entries. The horses in the two sections jumped the same fences, but were separated into the two divisions based on their money winnings. This graded approach was abandoned after the 1965 event. In 1989, the current director and course-designer Hugh Thomas, who rode in the 1976 Montreal Olympics, took over from Francis Weldon, a former winner, who is credited with bringing the event to the pinnacle it is at today.

Badminton is held in the 6 km2 grounds of the Badminton Estate in South Gloucestershire (UK), where the car parks, tradestands, arena and cross-country courses are located.

Badminton has been cancelled on several occasions. In 1966, 1975, 1987, 2001, 2012, 2020 and 2021 the event was cancelled completely, and in 1963 it was downgraded to a one-day event due to bad weather. In 2001 it was cancelled due to foot and mouth disease, in 2012 due to waterlogged ground, and in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2024, Badminton celebrated it 75th anniversary with many of the worlds best competitors competing for a record prize money of £117,600. The event was won by New Zealand's Caroline Powell riding Greenacres Special Cavalier which is an 11-year-old Irish Sport Horse mare owned by Chris Mann.

Status
Together with the five-star rated Kentucky Three-Day Event and the Burghley Horse Trials, Badminton forms the Rolex Grand Slam of Eventing. Only two people have ever won the Grand Slam; Pippa Funnell in 2003 and Michael Jung in 2015/16. Australian Andrew Hoy nearly took the title in 2007 but lost it when he had a pole down at Burghley. The remaining CCI***** rated events are the Luhmühlen Horse Trials, the Australian International Three Day Event, the Stars of Pau and the Maryland Five Star at Fairhill.

The cross-country day at Badminton attracts crowds of up to a quarter of a million and is the second largest in the world for money made (after the Indianapolis 500).

Warnings and sanctions
Yellow Warning Cards are sanctions issued by the FEI to riders for abusive behavior, unsafe riding, or potentially dangerous practices such as excessively whipping a horse or pushing on with an exhausted horse. If a rider receives a second Yellow Warning Card within a year, they are suspended from competing in FEI sanctioned competitions for two months. More Yellow Warning Cards are issued in the sport of eventing than for other FEI sports.

Yellow Warning Cards issued at Badminton Horse Trials include:
 * 2011: Jrina Giesswein (SUI) for dangerous riding - continuing after three clear refusals, a fall, or any form of elimination
 * 2011: Stephanie Rhodes-Bosch (CAN) for dangerous riding - not following the instructions of the officials
 * 2013: Manuel Grave (POR) for dangerous riding - pressing a tired horse
 * 2016: Alice Dunsdon (GBR) for dangerous riding - continuing after three clear refusals, a fall, or any form of elimination
 * 2017: Elisa Wallace (USA) for abuse of horse - riding an exhausted horse
 * 2022: Mollie Summerland (GBR) for abuse of horse - excessive use of whip, bit and/or spurs
 * 2022: Maxime Livio (FRA) for dangerous riding - pressing a tired horse; and one for incorrect behaviour the prior month
 * 2023: Oliver Townend (GBR) for dangerous riding - series of dangerous jumps. After clipping a fence, rider was asked to pull up by the ground jury and was eliminated.
 * 2024: Florian Ganneval (FRA) for dangerous riding - series of dangerous jumps

Dangers
Eventing is considered one of the most dangerous of equestrian sports. In its history, there have been periods when there were many rider deaths. The FEI and advocates of the sport have been working to reduce the dangers including the use of protective equipment and redesigning jumps and courses to reduce falls and injuries to horses and riders.

An example of dangerous course conditions at Badminton happened in 2007 when after a long period without rain, the ground was considered to be too hard, resulting in 22 withdrawals. Another example was in 2011 when only seven out of 76 starters crossed the finish line without penalties on the cross country phase, and 11 riders fell.

Below are some of the serious injuries and fatalities that have happened at Badminton.

Rider injuries

 * 2003: Anna Hassö (SWE) broke her pelvis and was airlifted to hospital after her horse Son of a Bitch fell on top of her into the water.

 * 2008: Rider Dee Kennedy (GBR) was hospitalized for several days after falling from Big El during the cross-country portion of the event.

 * 2011: Ingrid Klimke (GER) was hospitalized when she fell off of Butts Abraxxas at fence 24.

 * 2011: Elizabeth Power (IRL) was hospitalized after she fell from her horse Kilpatrick River at fence 16, the Sunken Road, and was knocked unconscious. Power was airlifted to Bristol's Frenchay Hospital.

 * 2017: Rider Emily Gilruth (UK) suffered a traumatic brain injury during a fall from her horse Topwood Beau during cross country.

 * 2022: Rider Nicola Wilson (UK) suffered a traumatic spinal cord injury when she fell from JL Dublin during the cross country phase of the event. Initially paralyzed from the neck down, she spent four and a half months in hospital before returning home.

Horse casualties

 * 1976: Wideawake ridden by Lucinda Green died of a heart attack on his victory lap.

 * 1992: Face The Music ridden by Mark Todd (NZL) broke his leg in a fall and was subsequently put down.

 * 1992: Briarlands Pippin ridden by William Fox-Pitt (GB) broke his back after a fall and had to be euthanized.

 * 1992: Mr. Maxwell ridden by Karen Lende (USA) was badly injured at obstacle 12 and had to be put down. Mr. Maxwell had been crowned "Horse Of The Year" in 1991 by USEA (United States Eventing Association).

 * 1998: Last Of The Incas ridden by Erica Watson (GB) collapsed at the second-to-last obstacle and died of a suspected heart attack or massive internal bleeding. Last Of The Incas had won the "Best Mare"-prize at Badminton the year before.

 * 2007: Skwal ridden by Andrew Downes died of a suspected heart attack in the finishing ring

 * 2007: Icare d'Auzay ridden by Jean-Lou Bigot died after a fence flag marker pole pierced an artery.

 * 2010: Desert Island ridden by Louisa Lockwood, euthanised after breaking a fetlock.

 * 2011: Mandiba ridden by Karen O'Connor (USA) broke six ribs when he fell off the Outlander Bank during the cross country phase of the event, and went through a rehabilitation period for many months.

 * 2017: Shanghai Joe ridden by Shane Rose (AUS) was euthanized after fracturing his shoulder. The horse fell at fence 19 during the cross country portion of the event, got up and galloped back to the stabling area, where he slipped and fell once more.

 * 2018: Redpath Ransom ridden by Alexander Bragg was euthanized after suffering a major injury to a suspensory ligament during cross country, unrelated to a jump.

 * 2023: WSF Carthago ridden by Fiona Kashel was euthanized after sustaining an injury incurred while falling on the cross country course.

Falls

 * 1982: HRH Princess Anne (GBR) and her horse Stevie B fell into the water at The Lake fence.

 * 2008: Two horses fell during the cross-country portion of the event: Moonfleet ridden by Andrew Hoy (AUS) and Muschamp Impala ridden by Ruth Edge (GBR).

 * 2011: Louise Skelton (GBR) and her horse Partly Pickled fell at fence 16, the Sunken Road; Oliver Townend (GBR) and his horse Ashdale Cruise Master both fell at fence 27.

 * 2023: Izzy Taylor (GBR) and Graf Cavalier fell at the KBIS brush, Kitty King (GBR) and Vendredi Biats fell at the giant log pile, and Caroline Clarke (GBR) fell off her horse Touch Too Much at fence 11.

title: Badminton Horse Trials


text:
Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas

The Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas (SSILA) is an international organization founded in 1981 devoted to the study of the indigenous languages of North, Central, and South America.

SSILA has an annual winter meeting held in association with the Linguistic Society of America's annual conference. Summer meetings are held in alternate years at venues near the LSA's Summer Institute. Presentations at SSILA meetings may be made in English, Spanish, Portuguese, or an Indigenous American language.

Each year, SSILA accepts nominations for three awards, which are presented at the annual meeting. The Mary R. Haas Book Award is presented for an outstanding unpublished manuscript that makes a significant substantive contribution to our knowledge of native American languages. The Ken Hale Prize is presented in recognition of a scholar's outstanding community language work and commitment to the documentation, maintenance, promotion, and revitalization of indigenous languages in the Americas.

The third prize was established to honor SSILA's founder, Victor Golla, who served as Secretary – Treasurer through 2007. The Golla Prize is awarded to scholars who show a significant history of both linguistic scholarship and service to the scholarly community.

SSILA issues two online publications: the quarterly SSILA Newsletter and the occasional SSILA Bulletin.


text:
User:Zabek/Welcome to Miqra

 וַֽיִּקְרְא֥וּ בַסֵּ֛פֶר בְּתוֹרַ֥ת הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים מְפֹרָ֑שׁ וְשׂ֣וֹם שֶׂ֔כֶל וַיָּבִ֖ינוּ בַּמִּקְרָֽא׃ (נחמיה ח ח) . Welcome to Miqra, a multilingual website for the production and dissemation of free resources (audio, images and text) related to the liturgical reading of Tanakh with cantillation ("trope"). Anyone who has logged in may help build this website in accordance with its policies.

 * If you want to help get this site up and running, click here.

title: User:Zabek/Welcome to Miqra


text:
1713 in music

The year 1713 in music involved some significant events.

Events

 * Foundation of the Académie Royale de Danse by King Louis XIV of France.
 * Daniel Purcell becomes organist at St Andrew's Church, Holborn, London.
 * Francesco Bartolomeo Conti becomes court composer to the Habsburgs in Vienna.
 * Giuseppe Tartini claims to have had a dream in which he allows the devil to play his violin.
 * Antonio Stradivari makes the Gibson Stradivarius.

Publications

 * Giuseppe Matteo Alberti – 10 Violin Concertos, Op. 1
 * Francesco Antonio Bonporti – Invenzioni a violino solo, Op. 10 (Italian edition). Venice-Trento: Giovanni Parone.
 * Johann Heinrich Buttstett
 * Musicalische Clavier-Kunst und Vorraths-Kammer
 * Praeludium & Capricio
 * Louis-Nicolas Clérambault – Cantates françoises, Book 2 (inc. Léandre et Héro, Alphée et Aréthuse, Pirame et Tisbé and Pigmalion)
 * François Couperin – Pièces de clavecin, book 1
 * William Croft – Musicus Apparatus Academicus
 * Louis-Antoine Dornel – Sonates en Trio, Op. 3
 * Johann Mattheson – Das neu-eröffnete Orchestre (Hamburg: Mattheson)
 * Jean-Féry Rebel – 12 Violin Sonatas
 * Johann Christian Schieferdecker – XII. Musicalische Concerte, bestehend aus etlichen Ouverturen und Suiten

Classical music

 * Johann Sebastian Bach
 * Gleichwie der Regen und Schnee vom Himmel fällt, BWV 18
 * Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis, BWV 21
 * Ich lasse dich nicht BWV Anh. 159
 * Was mir behagt, ist nur die muntre Jagd, BWV 208
 * Organ Concerto in A minor, BWV 593
 * Organ Concerto in C major, BWV 594
 * Organ Concerto in C major, BWV 595 (based on Johann Ernst Prinz von Sachsen-Weimar Op.1)
 * Organ Concerto in D minor, BWV 596
 * Herr Christ, der einge Gottessohn, BWV 601
 * Puer natus in Bethlehem, BWV 603
 * Der Tag, der ist so freudenreich, BWV 605
 * Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her, BWV 606
 * In dulci jubilo, BWV 608
 * Jesu, meine Freude, BWV 610
 * Helft mir Gottes Güte preisen, BWV 613
 * Prelude in C minor, BWV 921
 * 16 Konzerte nach verschiedenen Meistern, BWV 972–987
 * Trio Sonata in F major, BWV 1040
 * Canon in A minor, BWV 1073
 * Alles mit Gott und nichts ohn' ihn, BWV 1127
 * Antonio Caldara – Oratorio di S. Stefano, primo re dell'Ungheria
 * Christoph Graupner
 * Wie bald hast du gelitten, GWV 1109/14
 * Ich bin zwar Asch und Kot, GWV 1135/13
 * Was Gott tut das ist wohlgetan, GWV 1153/13
 * George Frideric Handel
 * Ode for the Birthday of Queen Anne, HWV 74
 * Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate
 * As Pants the Hart, HWV 251a
 * Elisabeth Jacquet de la Guerre – La Musette, ou les Bergers de Suresne
 * James Paisible – The Pastorall. Mr. Isaac's new dance, made for Her Majesty's Birth Day, 1713...
 * Antonio Vivaldi – Beatus vir, RV 598

Opera

 * Francesco Feo – L'amor tirannico, ossia Zenobia
 * George Frideric Handel
 * Teseo, HWV 9, Premiered January 10 in London
 * Silla, HWV 10
 * Nicola Porpora – Basilio re d'oriente
 * Antonio Vivaldi
 * Orlando furioso
 * Ottone in villa, RV 729

Births

 * January 7 – Giovanni Battista Locatelli, opera director (1785)
 * February 13 – Domènech Terradellas, composer (died 1751)
 * March – Giammaria Ortes, Venetian composer and polymath (d. 1790)
 * March 12 – Johann Adolph Hass, clavichord and harpsichord maker (died 1771)
 * April 7 – Nicola Sala, composer and music theorist (died 1801)
 * April 13 – Pierre Jélyotte, operatic tenor (died 1797)
 * October 3 – Antoine Dauvergne, violinist and composer (died 1797)
 * October 13 – Johann Ludwig Krebs, composer (died 1780)
 * October 24 – Marie Fel, opera singer (died 1794)
 * December 10 – Johann Nicolaus Mempel, musician (died 1747)
 * date unknown
 * Johan Henrik Freithoff, violinist and composer (died 1767)
 * Johannes Erasmus Iversen, composer (died 1755)
 * probable – Robert Bremner, music publisher (died 1789)

Deaths

 * January 8 – Arcangelo Corelli, composer and violinist (born 1653)
 * March 26 – Paul I, 1st Prince Esterházy of Galántha, composer
 * March 30 – Govert Bidloo, opera librettist (born 1649)
 * April 14 – Marcus Fronius, theologian, poet and musician (born 1659)
 * October 28 – Paolo Lorenzani, composer (born 1640)
 * October 31 – Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, patron of music (born 1663)
 * date unknown – Ludovico Roncalli, composer for guitar (born 1654)
 * probable – Stanisław Sylwester Szarzyński, composer

title: 1713 in music


text:
Election of Uthman

The Election of Uthman refers to the appointment of Uthman ibn Affan as the third caliph by a committee (Shura), which was assembled by the dying caliph Umar in 23 AH (643-4 CE). The committee likely consisted of six early Muslims from the Quraysh tribe, including the prophet Muhammad's second cousin and son-in-law Uthman and Muhammad's first cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib. The deciding vote was given to Uthman's brother-in-law Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, who appointed the former as the next caliph after the deliberations stalled. The choice of the wealthy Uthman is often explained as intended to guard the interests of the Quraysh and to follow the practices of the first two caliphs, namely, Abu Bakr and Umar. The committee has been criticized for its bias towards Uthman and for its exclusion of the Ansar.

Committee
The committee was convened in Medina by the second caliph Umar ((r. 634 – 644)) after he was stabbed in 23/644 by Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz, a Persian slave. On his deathbed, Umar tasked the committee with choosing the next caliph among themselves. This committee is also often referred to as a or electorate body by Sunni theologians. Early Sunni sources unanimously approve of Umar's committee, though they often regard it as the second-best solution because Umar reputedly did not know whom to appoint directly. For instance, the Sunni al-Tabari quotes Umar as saying that he would have designated his advisor Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah or Salim, the client of Abu Hudhayfa ibn Utba, both of whom predeceased the second caliph. Elsewhere, Umar would have selected Abu Ubayda, Mu'adh ibn Jabal, or Khalid ibn al-Walld, as reported in al-Imama wa al-siyasa and also by al-Tabari. Mahmoud M. Ayoub suggests that Umar also did not want to be directly involved with this appointment, fearing dissension afterward. This fear is also noted by Husain M. Jafri.

Members
Umar nominated six men to this committee in most sources, all from the Muhajirun (early Meccan converts). The committee consisted of Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muhammad's son-in-law Uthman ibn Affan, Uthman's brother-in-law and Umar's key advisor Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, Ibn Awf's cousin Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Ali's cousin Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, and Talha ibn Ubaydullah.

A few sources add to this list Sa'id ibn Zayd, a companion of Muhammad, while a report by al-Tabari says Ibn Zayd was excluded because of his kinship with Umar, who reputedly did not want hereditary succession. On the other hand, some sources do not include Sa'd in the committee. Most sources also say that Talha arrived in Medina after the committee had reached its final decision and was absent from the proceedings. Sa'd formally acted as his proxy by some accounts. The Sunni historian Ibn Sa'd and some other Sunni sources also list Umar's son Abd Allah in the capacity of an advisor to the committee. Alternatively, the Sunni al-Imama wa al-siyasa reports that Hasan ibn Ali served as a witness in the committee.

Configuration
Jafri believes that Umar did not consult the Muslim community before appointing this committee, while Patricia Crone says that this matter is unclear in most sources except the Sunni al-Jahiz, according to whom Umar chose the committee members with help from early Muslims. Early Sunni sources defend the configuration of the committee, quoting Umar as saying that these were the best or the most entitled to the caliphate or those over whom the community would split.

Uthman
The aging Uthman was a wealthy merchant from the powerful Banu Umayyad clan of the Quraysh. He nevertheless lacked leadership or military experience, unlike the rest of the committee. Not much is known about him during the reigns of Abu Bakr and Umar, and some have thus found it peculiar that Uthman was nominated. An early convert and Muhammad's son-in-law, Wilferd Madelung and Sean Anthony suggest that Umar nominated Uthman as the only available strong counter-candidate to Ali, the much younger figurehead of Muhammad's clan, the Banu Hashim. If Uthman had not been nominated, observes Madelung, the Umayyads would have inevitably supported their distant relative Ali in the committee. While all nominees belonged to the Quraysh, the rest were from obscure clans, unlike Ali and Uthman.

Umar's views
Umar is shown in early Sunni sources as concerned that the disagreements in the committee would split the community, and he reportedly warned Ali, Uthman, and possibly also Ibn Awf about favoring their kin if they are elected. On this basis, Madelung suggests that Umar considered these three as the serious contenders for the caliphate in the committee. Among these three, Madelung suggests that Ibn Awf and Ali were Umar's most and least preferred candidates, respectively. Alternatively, Jafri and Ayoub consider it likely that Umar saw Ali and Uthman as the strongest candidates. Umar also remarked elsewhere about the "foolishness" of Ali, but nevertheless considered him worthy of the caliphate and predicted the nepotism of Uthman. Madelung is confident that this Sunni account is fabricated, which is also what Ayoub suggests.

Some early reports indicate that Umar vocally opposed the combination of the prophethood and the caliphate in the Banu Hashim, and he thus prevented Muhammad from dictating his will on his deathbed, possibly fearing that he might expressly designate Ali as his successor. In this vein, Farhad Daftary believes that Ali was deliberately excluded from any position of importance during the caliphates of Umar and his predecessor, while Anthony regards Ali's disenfranchisement as self-imposed and a sign of his disapproval of the first two caliphs, even though he offered his (at times critical) advice to the caliphs. Considering all this, Jafri suggests that Umar nevertheless included Ali in the committee because of his high political standing, which made it impossible for Umar to exclude Ali. Ayoub extends this attitude of Umar to other government posts, basing his conclusion on a report by al-Mas'udi in which the caliph hesitated to install the Hashemite Ibn Abbas  as the governor of Homs, saying that Muhammad had not given the Banu Hashim any share in the power.

Rules
The committee was reportedly threatened with death to reach an agreement in three days, possibly reflecting an anxiety to avoid civil unrest and discord, something that later became the anathema to Sunni Islam. Umar also stipulated some rules for the committee, who were to meet in closed caucus to prevent outside influence, according to some reports by al-Tabari. Other reports, including one by al-Tabari, indicate that the Meccan and Medinan leaders and the garrison commanders lobbied Ibn Awf. Another report by the Mu'tazilite Ibn Abi'l-Hadid describes how Ibn Awf solicited advice from the public during the deliberations. The Ansari Abu Talha and his men were reportedly ordered by Umar to stand guard and enforce these rules:

 * The new caliph must belong to the committee, elected by a majority of its members.
 * In case of a tie, Ibn Awf would elect the next caliph. This might be plausible because Ibn Awf was Umar's closest advisor after the death of Abu Ubayda in 639, and belonged to a small clan of the Quraysh. Jafri, Momen, Ayoub, and Abbas favor this account. In other reports, Ibn Awf took himself out of the competition in return for being recognized as the arbitrator. Madelung, Crone, and Keshk prefer this account, while Keaney is undecided, commenting that Umar probably avoided stacking the committee so obviously against Ali. Jafri disagrees, citing Ali's own account of the proceedings in the Shia Nahj al-balagha, and adding that Umar meant to block Ali but could have not simply excluded him from the proceedings. A report by al-Tabari reads that Ali objected to Ibn Awf's deciding vote to no avail. Alternatively, some sources give the arbitration role to Umar's son, Abd Allah.
 * Those members who would not endorse the final decision (or those who would oppose Ibn Awf's pick in case of a tie) were to be slain.

Ansar
The Ansar (early Medinan converts) were absent from this committee, either because of their pro-Ali sympathies at the Saqifa after Muhammad's death in 632, as suggested by Jafri and Abbas, or to keep the caliphate within the Quraysh, as implied by others. Whatever the reason, the absence of the Ansar is believed to have helped Uthman defeat Ali. Some contemporary authors have criticized Umar's exclusion of the Ansar and others from decision making.

Voting bloc
Sa'd was inclined to support his cousin Ibn Awf, who was in turn likely to align himself with his brother-in-law, Uthman. This voting bloc of three would have formed the majority within the committee if Talha was absent and Sa'd thus cast two votes. Ibn Awf was given the tie-breaker and this voting bloc would have therefore dictated the outcome even if Talha was present during the deliberations. That the arrangement of the committee blocked the chances of Ali is also the view of Ayoub, who adds that Umar might have done so unknowingly. Jafri disagrees, saying that Umar meant to block Ali but could have not simply excluded him from the proceedings.

Ali's grievances
Possibly with the same calculations, Ali is shown as reluctant in the version of the events in which Ibn Awf proposed to cast the deciding vote in return for giving up his claims to the caliphate. Ali later referred to this voting bloc, complaining that the committee was stacked against him, as reported by the Sunni al-Baladhuri and al-Tabari, among others, and also in the Shia Nahj al-balagha. Jafri suggests that Umar deliberately blocked the chances of Ali by granting the chairmanship of the committee to Ibn Awf, possibly fearing discord and civil unrest. In Jafri's view, the inclusion of Ali in the committee simultaneously recognized his claims, blocked his chances, and removed his freedom to independently seek the caliphate. The last item is a reference to an exchange to this effect between Ali and Muhammad's uncle Abbas, reported by al-Baladhuri and al-Tabari.

Coercion
Perhaps aware of his minority position within the committee, a reluctant Ali was compelled to participate in the committee, threatened by fear of arms, according to some reports by al-Baladhuri and al-Tabari. Alternatively, Ayoub surmises that Ali participated in the committee to save the community from dissension, even though he was aware that the committee was biased towards Uthman. When asked why he accepted the offer by al-Ma'mun ((r. 813 – 833)) to be his heir apparent, the Shia Imam Ali al-Rida is reported to have responded, "The same thing which forced my grandfather the Commander of the Faithful [Ali] to join the arbitration council [assembled by Umar]." This "same thing" might have been coercion based on another statement by al-Rida, "I was also forced to accept (the succession to the throne) even though I did not like to. I unwillingly accepted it when I was about to be killed," as reported in the Shia source Uyun akhbar al-Rida.

Deliberations
The candidates could not reach an agreement and the decision was soon in the hands of Ibn Awf, who had the deciding vote, and ultimately played a key role in the accession of his brother-in-law, Uthman. A report by al-Tabari reads that Ali initially objected to this arrangement but relented when Ibn Awf swore to be impartial. Ibn Awf then reportedly asked each candidate privately whom they would vote for if they were out of the race. In that case, Uthman said he would support Ali, while Ali, Sa'd, and Zubayr supported Uthman. Keaney finds it odd that Ali supported Uthman in this report, noting that the former thought the committee was stacked against him. Some reports by al-Tabari suggest that Sa'd and Zubayr did not press their own or Talha's claims and thus the choice soon narrowed down to Uthman and Ali. Alternatively, Ibn Ishaq and al-Tabari include reports in which Talha was present and withdrew in favor of Uthman, Zubayr for Ali, and Sa'd for Ibn Awf. This account evidently contradicts the version in which Ibn Awf has the deciding vote.

Ali
By some accounts, Ali successfully appealed to Zubayr and Sa'd, and the two reportedly changed sides to Ali, but this would have given Ali the majority if Talha was still away and Sa'd thus had two votes. Madelung mentions this account about Sa'd but calls it "soft support at best," suggesting that "Ali had virtually no support" in the committee. Madelung and Jafri also believe that Zubayr supported Uthman, even though the former had earlier advocated for Ali against Abu Bakr after Muhammad's death. Despite his family ties with Ali, Jafri suggests, Zubayr this time withheld his support from the pious Ali with an eye on the financial opportunities that had opened up after the conquests of the Byzantine and Persian empires. He observes that Zubayr, Talha, Sa'd, and Ibn Awf all accumulated tremendous wealth under Uthman.

External influence
Ibn Awf also consulted the notable figures from Mecca, Medina, and the garrison towns, who were present in Medina. In particular, the Quraysh elite strongly supported Uthman, writes Madelung. The Makhzumite leader Abd Allah ibn Abi Rabi'a of the Quraysh reportedly warned Ibn Awf, "If you pledge allegiance to Ali, we shall hear and disobey, but if you pledge allegiance to Uthman, we shall hear and obey. So fear God, Ibn Awf." Ali was vocal about the divine and exclusive right of Muhammad's descendants to leadership, which would have jeopardized the future ambitions of other Qurayshites for leadership.

Decision
The most common tradition here is that Ibn Awf publicly offered the caliphate to Ali on two conditions: First, he should follow the Quran and the Sunna (Muhammad's precedent), and second, he should follow the example of the first two caliphs, namely, Abu Bakr and Umar. Ali accepted the first condition but declined the second one, adding that he would rely only on his judgment in the absence of any precedent from the Quran and the Sunna. Ibn Awf then presented the same conditions to Uthman who readily accepted them. This is also the version preferred by Mavani, Kennedy, Afsaruddin, Shaban, Shah-Kazemi, and Aslan. Alternatively, Crone and Keaney present another (Sunni) version in which Ali replies that he would follow Abu Bakr and Umar to the best of his ability, whereas Uthman simply answered affirmatively and received the mandate from Ibn Awf. This second account suggests a clear preference for Uthman by Ibn Awf.

At any rate, Ibn Awf then pledged his allegiance to Uthman as the next caliph and everyone else reportedly followed suit. Even though Ali did not seriously challenged it, the appointment of Uthman was not received well by some quarters of the Muslim community and likely contributed toward the first civil war. Uthman's reign as the third caliph was marked with nepotism and departure from Islamic piety. He was assassinated by discontented rebels in his residence in 656.

Reaction of Ali
Ali opposed the decision of the committee, and objected to what he viewed as Ibn Awf's partiality, but reportedly did not challenge the outcome. There are contradictory Sunni accounts about the reaction of Ali to the appointment of Uthman though they all end with his pledge to the new caliph. The ninth-century sources of Keaney are thus willing to include the disagreements between the companions but present them and the community united behind the new caliph in the end. As the reverence for companions gradually became a Sunni dogma, such reports were later dismissed as pro-Alid and largely censored by Sunni authors, even though the authors of these accounts reject the Shia claims and support their Abbasid caliphs.

The Shia Nahj al-balagha reports that Ali agreed to go along with the committee's decision "so long as the affairs of [the] Muslims remain intact and there is no oppression in it save on myself." Reza Shah-Kazemi interprets this statement as Ali's tacit approval of the rules of Abu Bakr and Umar, adding that he nevertheless viewed himself as the rightful successor to Muhammad, and gave up his claims to the caliphate for the unity of Islam. In contrast, Hamid Mavani and Maria M. Dakake suggest that Ali viewed the succession of Abu Bakr as a digression which turned into a full-blown deviation with the rebellion of Mu'awiya during his own caliphate. This is also the Shia view, as represented by the Shia jurist Ruhollah Khomeini. Ali's refusal to follow the precedent of the first two caliphs also became the hallmark of Shia jurisprudence and led to the later development of their independent schools of law.

Status quo
Laura Veccia Vaglieri suggests that the caliphate of Ali would have endangered certain well-established interests because he did not view Abu Bakr and Umar as entirely aligned with the Quran and the Sunna. Aslan has a similar opinion, while McHugo adds that Ali would have opened the leadership to the Ansar and others, thus ending the privileged status of the Quraysh. Along these lines, Anthony views Ali's refusal to follow the first two caliphs as evidence of his censure of their rule. Shaban notes that Ali's refusal made him a rallying point for the opposition movement, adding that the wealthy Uthman was possibly selected to guard the Meccan interests. Likewise, Kennedy suggests that Ali refused to follow the precedent of Abu Bakr and Umar because he might have realized that the Quraysh's domination was dividing the community and wished to open the leadership for other groups, especially the Ansar, with whom he had links. Uthman, in contrast, was a wealthy Meccan merchant with good ties with the Quraysh elite. Some contemporary authors go further, suggesting that Ibn Awf's question was designed to weed out Ali, as he was well aware of Ali's disagreements with the past two caliphs and that he would have inevitably rejected the second condition. For Afsaruddin, however, the (Sunni) accounts of Uthman's appointment convey that the third caliph was expected at the time to follow Abu Bakr and Umar.

Motivations of Ibn Awf
According to Jafri, Uthman is often portrayed as a weak-minded man, and he suggests that Ibn Awf and the committee (except Ali) hoped that he would serve their interests, as representatives of the Quraysh aristocracy. Keaney and Ayoub include a report by al-Tabari that quotes Ali as saying, "You [Ibn Awf] have appointed Uthman so that the rule will come back to you." The view of Wellhausen is similar. Still, Madelung disagrees with it, saying that Uthman was actually put forward because he was the only available strong counter-candidate to Ali. His view is echoed by McHugo.

Historicity
The earliest sources are accounts written more than a century after Uthman, all of which are polemical, written also with the benefit of hindsight. That is, the authors knew about Uthman's nepotism, Ali's caliphate, the civil war, and the Umayyad and the Abbasid dynasties. Cateani thus rejects Umar's committee altogether as a later fabrication to justify the prevailing practice of the Abbasids, whereas Jafri, Madelung, and Keaney defend the credibility of the accounts in this regard.

Jafri further argues that the accounts of Umar's committee are essentially authentic, adding that the accounts of the early historians al-Baladhuri, al-Ya'qubi, al-Tabari, and al-Mas'udi are similar to each other and to that of the much earlier Ibn Ishaq. Nevertheless, he admits that it is difficult to ascertain the committee's deliberations. Alternatively, Madelung believes that the related historical accounts are partly contradictory and fictional, though he contends that some conclusions can be made from them with reasonable certainty.

title: Election of Uthman


text:
User:Mdanforth

Myles Danforth (AKA) Languor'''

I am in High school and i enjoy the use of this progam to get valuable information. Cool.

title: User:Mdanforth


text:
John Vernon

John Keith Vernon (born Adolphus Raymondus Vernon Agopsowicz; February 24, 1932 – February 1, 2005) was a Canadian actor. He made a career in Hollywood after achieving initial television stardom in Canada. He was best known for playing Dean Wormer in Animal House, the Mayor in Dirty Harry and Fletcher in The Outlaw Josey Wales.

Personal life
Born as Adolphus Raymondus Vernon Agopsowicz in Zehner, Saskatchewan, Vernon was one of two sons of Adolf Agopsowicz, a grocer, and his wife Eleonore Krückel (also spelled as Kriekle or Kriekel). Both his parents' families emigrated to the Edenwold district in the late 19th century from the Austrian crownland and duchy of Bukovina. The Agopsowicz family were part of the Armenian community in Poland. Vernon was of Armenian, German, and Polish descent.

Raised Catholic, from 1935 to 1953 he attended St. Joseph's School and Campion College in Regina, Saskatchewan, where his acting career began under the direction of the Rev. Arthur Nelson, S.J. and Mary Ellen Burgess at the Regina Little Theatre. Vernon was educated at the Banff School of Fine Arts and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London before becoming a live stage actor for CBC Television's dramatic programs. In 1974, he completed a season at The Royal Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon, England, playing Malvolio.

Vernon is the father of actress Kate Vernon, musician Nan Vernon, and actor Chris Vernon.

Early roles
Vernon made his screen debut in 1956 as the voice of Big Brother in Michael Anderson's film version of George Orwell's 1984 starring Edmond O'Brien. He returned to Canada afterwards and gained film experience appearing on the TV series The Adventures of Tugboat Annie and The Last of the Mohicans.

He debuted on Broadway in 1964 as DeSoto opposite Christopher Plummer and David Carradine in The Royal Hunt of the Sun. During the Golden Age of CBC Drama in the 1960s, he co-starred in Edna O'Brien's A Cheap Bunch of Nice Flowers, opposite Colleen Dewhurst, and in Uncle Vanya, opposite William Hutt and Rita Gam. He appeared in the CBC series Wojeck in the late 1960s, playing a crime-fighting medical examiner. However, he decided to go to the United States to further his acting career.

In 1967, he appeared opposite Lee Marvin in Point Blank.

In 1969, he played Cuban revolutionary Rico Parra in Alfred Hitchcock's Cold War-era spy movie Topaz. He appeared on The High Chaparral as the leader of a group of striking Irish Miners (1969) in "No Irish Need Apply".

In 1970, he guest-starred in the Hawaii Five-O episode "Force Of Waves" as Cal Anderson, and he appeared in the two-part episode "The Banker" of The Silent Force in 1971. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, he made four appearances over five years on the TV series Mission: Impossible as four different lead villains. In 1974, Vernon turned in a supporting performance in Mary Jane Harper Cried Last Night.

In 1971, he played the by-the-book mayor of San Francisco, perpetually frustrated by Clint Eastwood, in the first Dirty Harry movie. He later parodied this role in the film One More Train to Rob and the premiere episode of Sledge Hammer!.

In 1974 he co-starred in the film The Black Windmill with Michael Caine and Donald Pleasence. Also in 1974, he appeared in The Questor Tapes.

In 1976, he played Fletcher in Eastwood's The Outlaw Josey Wales.

In 1977, he played the husband in the Italian film, A Special Day, with Sophia Loren and Marcello Mastroianni.

Villain
In 1972, he appeared as a villain in the Fear Is the Key and in 1973, he appeared in Charley Varrick as mob boss Maynard Boyle.

In 1975, Vernon portrayed Chicago gangster Ben Larkin in the John Wayne movie Brannigan, which was set in London, England, starring alongside Wayne and Richard Attenborough.

Vernon played Dean Vernon Wormer of fictional Faber College in 1978's Animal House (a role that he would reprise in the short-lived television sequel Delta House). He also played Mr. Prindle in 1980's Herbie Goes Bananas, Ted Striker's psychiatrist Dr. Stone in 1982's Airplane II: The Sequel, and Sherman Krader in 1987's Ernest Goes to Camp.

In 1979, Vernon played villainous American bigot Jonathon Pritts in New Mexico who was trying to steal the land from Mexican landowners in the Louis L'Amour story of The Sacketts.

He also appeared in several cult exploitation and action films in the 1980s, most notably Chained Heat and Savage Streets, both starring Linda Blair, and Jungle Warriors, opposite Sybil Danning. He underplayed his villain image (playing a character called "Mr. Big") in the 1988 Blaxploitation spoof I'm Gonna Git You Sucka: a character thinks Vernon should be "above exploitation films" and Vernon replies that many famous actors have done exploitation films, listing Jamie Lee Curtis, Angie Dickinson, and Shelley Winters as examples.

Vernon played "Ted Jarrett" in the season two The A-Team episode "Labor Pains" (1983). Vernon also played "Cameron Zachary" in the season two Knight Rider episode "A Good Knight's Work" (1984). He appeared in three episodes of The Fall Guy; as Carson Connally in the season two episode Just a Small Circle of Friends (1983), as Ellis in the season three episode Boom (1984), and as Mardovitch in the season four episode High Orbit (1985). Vernon later played "John Bradford Horn" in the season three Airwolf episode "Discovery" (1986).

In 1986, he played the Principal in Fuzz Bucket. He played Sergeant Curt Mooney in Killer Klowns from Outer Space and was a lead in the short-lived 1990s series Acapulco H.E.A.T.

Vernon guest starred as the grouchy principal Dinkler in "Brad to Worse", an episode of Duckman on USA Network.

Voice work
Vernon also did voice work, including voicing Tony Stark/Iron Man and Sub-Mariner in The Marvel Super Heroes, Rupert Thorne in Batman: The Animated Series, General Ross in The Incredible Hulk series, and Shao Kahn in Mortal Kombat: Defenders of the Realm.

Death
Vernon died of complications following heart surgery on February 1, 2005, in Westwood, Los Angeles at the age of 72.

Selected filmography

 * 1984 (1956) as Big Brother (uncredited)
 * Nobody Waved Good-bye (1964) as Lot Supervisor
 * Point Blank (1967) as Mal Reese
 * Bonanza (1968 TV) as Yonder Man
 * Justine (1969) as Nessim
 * Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here (1969) as George Hacker
 * Topaz (1969) as Rico Parra
 * Mission Impossible (1969-1972) as Colonel Josef Strom, General Ramon Sabattini, Ramone Fuego, Norman Shields
 * One More Train to Rob (1971) as Timothy Xavier Nolan
 * Face-Off (1971) as Fred Wares
 * Dirty Harry (1971) as The Mayor
 * Bearcats! (1971) as Jason Ryker in episode 1, "The Devil Wears Armor"
 * Journey (1972) as Boulder Allin
 * Fear Is the Key (1972) as Vyland
 * Cannon (1972–1975), 2x14 Hard Rock Roller Coaster, 3x07 Night Flight To Murder, 4x19 The Set Up, 5x13/14 The Star
 * Six Million Dollar Man: The Solid Gold Kidnapping (1973) as Julian Peck
 * Charley Varrick (1973) as Maynard Boyle
 * Hunter (1973) as David Hunter
 * More Joy in Heaven (1973) as Kip Caley
 * The Questor Tapes (1974) as Geoffrey Darrow
 * Sweet Movie (1974) as Aristote Alplanalpe, a.k.a. M. Kapital
 * The Black Windmill (1974) as McKee
 * W (1974) as Arnie Felson
 * Brannigan (1975) as Larkin
 * Gunsmoke (1975) as Oliver Harker
 * Swiss Family Robinson (1975) as Charles Forsythe
 * The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976) as Fletcher
 * Drum (1976) (scenes deleted)
 * A Special Day (1977) as Emanuele, the husband of Antonietta
 * The Uncanny (1977) as Pomeroy (segment "Hollywood 1936")
 * Angela (1978) as Ben Kincaid
 * Golden Rendezvous (1977) as Luis Carreras
 * National Lampoon's Animal House (1978) as Dean Vernon Wormer
 * It Rained All Night the Day I Left (1980) as Killian
 * Fantastica (1980) as Jim McPherson
 * Herbie Goes Bananas (1980) as Prindle
 * The Kinky Coaches and the Pom Pom Pussycats (1981) as Coach 'Bulldog' Malone
 * Airplane II: The Sequel (1982) as Dr. Stone
 * Curtains (1983) as Jonathan Stryker
 * Chained Heat (1983) as Warden Bacman
 * Jungle Warriors (1984) as Vito Mastranga
 * Knight Rider (1984) as Cameron Zachary
 * Savage Streets (1984) as Principal Underwood
 * The Blood of Others (1984) as Charles
 * Fraternity Vacation (1985) as Chief Ferret
 * Doin' Time (1985) as Big Mac
 * Rat Tales (1986)
 * Terminal Exposure (1987) as Mr. Karrothers
 * Ernest Goes to Camp (1987) as Sherman Krader
 * Blue Monkey (1987) as Roger Levering
 * Dixie Lanes (1988) as Elmer Sinclair
 * Killer Klowns from Outer Space (1988) as Curtis Mooney
 * Deadly Stranger (1988) as Mr. Mitchell
 * Two Men (1988) as Alex Koves
 * Office Party (1988) as Mayor
 * I'm Gonna Git You Sucka (1988) as Mr. Big
 * War of the Worlds (1988) as General Wilson
 * Afganistan - The last war bus (L'ultimo bus di guerra) (1989) as Ken Ross
 * Mob Story (1989) as Don "Luce" Luciano
 * Object of Desire (1990)
 * The Naked Truth (1992) as Von Bulo
 * Malicious (1995) as Detective Pronzini
 * The Gnomes' Great Adventure (1995) as Omar / Master Ghost (voice)
 * Stageghost (2000) as Slim
 * Sorority Boys (2002) as Old Man
 * Welcome to America (2002) as Det. Golding

title: John Vernon


text:
Talk:Holloman Air Force Base

Older comments
The History section appears to have been lifted verbatim from the Holloman AFB history page. Since it's a US-gov't document, I assume it's OK to post here—but, does anyone have a definitive answer? --Milkmandan 18:03, 2005 Feb 3 (UTC)

It was and I used it as a start point to expand it with more detail  I added the Holloman AFB page as a reference along with other sources I used to expand the article.

This article needs to be re-rated. No longer a start class.

--User:bwmoll3 05:30, 2007 Jan 17 (UTC)

According to this website, http://www.santafenewmexican.com/SantaFeNorthernNM/Scientists_shatter_world_land_speed_record_at_Holloman The world land speed record has been beaten again, (~6500 mph) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.246.255.29 (talk) 20:26, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

Re:wikify
It looks pretty wikified to me, is there a reason the BP is on here? -- EmperorBMA|話す 13:02, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Reassessing: still Start class
This article contains much useful information and seems reliable, but the information is largely unsourced, so I am leaving the assessment at Start class. --Uncia (talk) 14:24, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

UFO incidents
There are alleged UFO incidents involving Holloman AFB from both 1964 or 1971. There are YouTube videos alleging this and I'm sure there must be other sources around, yet this article makes no mention of any such. __meco (talk) 17:52, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

I also agree there should be mention about a major claim that a meeting took place between extra terrestrials and President Eisenhower at this location. These claims have been put forward for many years now, and are widespread culturally (if not without substantial evidence). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.12.252.112 (talk) 06:52, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

MQ-1 Predator / MQ-9 Reaper
It has been released in the news outlets that Holloman AFB now has and is flying MQ-1 Predators and MQ-9 Reapers this would make a good addition to the HAFB page.

Sources:
 * http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2008/08/airforce_holloman_ftu_082308/
 * http://www.holloman.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123167499

-Ryancb06 (talk) 05:57, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes - I was looking for information on the predator here, and did not find it. Holloman is the primary drone training base, I thought, since they flew drones here since the days when drones were modified aircraft used for target practice. ( Martin | talk • contribs 18:09, 4 April 2014 (UTC))
 * Yes - I was looking for information on the predator here, and did not find it. Holloman is the primary drone training base, I thought, since they flew drones here since the days when drones were modified aircraft used for target practice. ( Martin | talk • contribs 18:09, 4 April 2014 (UTC))

F-22 Raptor leaves Holloman.
The entire F-22 Raptor fleet has left the base and has been replaced by 2 F-16 Fighting Falcon fleets. Watch this video in the link. It will tell you everything.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZRTZuoYNZ8 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.92.148.221 (talk) 05:26, 9 February 2012 (UTC)

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Correction under German Air Force Flying Training Center
I have edited the paragraph under, German Air Force Flying Training Center, about the September 1999 crash of two German AFB Luftwaffe Tornados. I have a unique insight, since I was the first on scene with the crash investigation team. One> The crash was NOT "kept quiet from the American public". I made contact with all media that came arrived on scene the morning after the crash. There are several articles from papers and networks, all over the U.S. and Germany, the day after the crash. Two> The German AFB was not given jurisdiction over the crash investigation. The primary on the investigation, was Holloman AFB Wing Safety and the German AFB Safety team assisted. The German inspectors did not arrive, until the initial securing and preliminary investigation had already begun. — Preceding unsigned comment added by XanderCain (talk • contribs) 16:42, 21 October 2018 (UTC)

Data omission; units assigned to the 49th TFW.
The 417th Tactical Fighter Squadron was also assigned to the 49th TFW from 1970 to 1977 (per the squadron's Wikipedia article), flying F-4s during that time. It seems that it arrived at Holloman AFB separately from the 7th, 8th, and 9th squadrons. The squadron participated in the TDYs to West Germany, and also to Takhli in May 1972. Its nickname was "The Red Dorques", back to the time it had been stationed in France. Its hangar was at the east end of the flightline. The wing commander at that time was initially Brigadier General Jack Bellamy. Please see this link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/417th_Weapons_Squadron. Ect76039 (talk) 03:39, 29 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Holloman Air Force Base