text:
Harlem Désir

Harlem Jean-Philippe Désir (born 25 November 1959) is a French politician. First widely known as a community activist and as the first president of SOS Racisme in the 1980s, he subsequently entered politics in the 1990s, first in Génération Écologie then in the Socialist Party where he rose to the rank of First Secretary. He served as MEP from 1999 to 2014 and then served in the government of France as Secretary of State for European Affairs from 2014 to 2017. Since 2017, he has served as the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media.

Early life and education
Born in Paris, Harlem Désir is the son of a Martinican father and an Alsatian mother. He grew up in a housing project in Bagneux, north of Paris.

Désir studied at the Pantheon-Sorbonne University, where he earned a license in philosophy in 1983. Also in 1983, he emerged as a leader from that year's social unrest in France and helped organize the March for Equality and Against Racism (the so-called March of the Beurs) that started in the immigrant neighborhoods outside Lyon and ended in Paris.

SOS Racism
Harlem Désir was briefly active in the JCR, the youth organization of the Revolutionary Communist League. Désir was the first president of the French anti-racist organisation SOS Racisme between 1984 and 1992. Under his leadership, the organization grew significantly in membership and acquired significant influence in French public life. Accused of misusing public assets from 1986 to 1987, he was sentenced to an 18 months suspended sentence and a 30,000 francs fine in 1998.

Member of the European Parliament, 1999–2014
Désir first became a Member of the European Parliament following the 1999 European elections. A member of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats group, he was re-elected in 2004 and 2009.

In his first parliamentary term from 1999 until 2004, Désir served on the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy. From 2004 to 2009, he was a member of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs. In this capacity, he served as the parliament's rapporteur on the 2008 Temporary Agency Work Directive. In his last term, he joined the Committee on International Trade. He also served as deputy chairman of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats group.

In addition to his committee assignments, Désir was a member of the parliament's delegations for relations with India (2009–2014), the United States (2002–2004) and South Africa (1999–2002). From 2002 to 2004, he also served on the parliament's delegation to the Joint Parliamentary Assembly of the Agreement between the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States and the European Union (ACP-EU).

Following the 2004 European elections, Désir became one of the vice-chairpersons of a newly established European Parliament Anti-Racism and Diversity Intergroup (ARDI), alongside Claude Moraes, Saïd El Khadraoui, Emine Bozkurt, Cem Özdemir and Lívia Járóka. He was also a member of the Capital Tax, Fiscal Systems and Globalisation Intergroup of the European Parliament, to whom was presented Denis Robert and Ernest Backes's book, Revelation$, in March 2001.

Désir is considered an ardent pro-European. He fought unsuccessfully in 2005 to convince the Socialist Party to back a new European constitutional treaty.

Ahead of the 2014 European elections, Désir was appointed to head the Socialist Party's list for Ile-de-France. Following his resignation from the European Parliament, he was replaced by Christine Revault d'Allonnes Bonnefoy.

Leader of the Socialist Party, 2012–2014
In the 2011 Socialist Party presidential primary, Désir endorsed the campaign of Martine Aubry.

On 30 June 2011, he was the delegate first secretary of the Socialist Party during the Martine Aubry bid for the Socialist Party primary, who started her campaign for presidential election of 2012 on 28 June 2011. After the resignation of Aubry on 16 September 2012, he again became First Secretary of the Socialist Party by interim.

Endorsed by Martine Aubry and Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault before the 2012 Party Congress, he was elected First Secretary of the party on 18 October 2012, fending off competition for the post from another veteran who has also been convicted of financial misconduct, Jean-Christophe Cambadélis. He became the first black person to lead a major European political party. At the time of his election, he had never been a minister or member of the national parliament.

Désir remained head of the party until April 2014, when he stood down after being appointed State Secretary for European Affairs. He was replaced by Jean-Christophe Cambadélis. His resignation was partly explained with his attitude during the Dibrani case.

Minister for European Affairs, 2014–2017
On 9 April 2014, French Prime Minister Manuel Valls appointed him Secretary of State for European Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development. In February 2015, he was appointed chairman of the General Affairs Council of the Party of European Socialists, a position he held until leaving office.

Shortly after taking office, Désir and his Italian counterpart, Sandro Gozi, set out a list of priorities for the time after the 2014 European elections, saying the new European Commission should grant maximum flexibility within existing EU budget rules to countries undertaking growth-promoting investments and structural economic reforms. Désir also proposed creating a European savings plan to mobilize citizens' savings to invest in small business and priority infrastructure projects such as extending high-speed broadband and the transition to renewable energy.

On the sidelines of an informal U.N. General Assembly meeting on the rising threat of antisemitism in January 2015, Désir joined his German counterpart Michael Roth in appealing for U.N. member states to work together on an international legal framework that would make social network providers share responsibility for the use of their platforms to spread messages promoting violence; the French call for a radical shift in the way governments treat social networking companies such as Facebook and Twitter came two weeks after the Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris.

Ahead of the Socialist Party's 2017 primaries, Désir endorsed Valls as the party's candidate for the presidential election later that year.

Later career
Désir was appointed Representative on Freedom of the Media by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe for a term of three years beginning 18 July 2017. In 2019 he caused controversy in Albania by supporting a controversial package of law changes proposed by Albania strongman Premier Edi Rama. In June 2020, Azerbaijan blocked a package of preliminary renewal mandates for all top OSCE officials, including Désir, and issued a letter of protest over Désir's pending reappointment in particular. Tajikistan subsequently joined in opposing the renewal.

In 2021, Désir became the Senior Vice President, Europe of the International Rescue Committee.

Since 2023, Désir has been part of the Centre for European Policy Studies/Heinrich Böll Foundation High-Level Group on Bolstering EU Democracy, chaired by Kalypso Nicolaïdis.

Personal life
Désir is a Roman Catholic.

He married, in 1985, Marianne Sauterey, secretary of the socialist group in the National Assembly, from whom he divorced in 1988. He then had two children with the journalist Anna Angeli. daughter of Claude Angeli, leader of Le Canard enchaîné.

When he joined the government in 2014, he declared assets of €48,442.

Awards

 * 🇸🇪 Sweden - Olof Palme Prize (1990)
 * 🇬🇷 Greece - Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix (2016)
 * 🇩🇪 Germany - Knight Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit (2018) (presented by Michael Roth).

title: Harlem Désir


text:
Mitsubishi Aluminum Co.

Mitsubishi Aluminum Co., Ltd. (三菱アルミニウム株式会社) is a Japanese manufacturer of aluminium related products. It is one of the core Mitsubishi companies. Established in 1962, it produces aluminum, aluminum alloy mill products and fabricated products.

Shareholders

 * Mitsubishi Materials Corporation (MMC)
 * Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
 * Mitsubishi Corporation
 * Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
 * The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd.
 * Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
 * Mitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd.
 * The Mitsubishi Trust and Banking Corporation
 * Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company
 * Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mitsubishi Aluminum Co.


text:
User talk:Bruno Unna

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 | Talk 03:07, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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Proposed deletion of Nexus (repository manager)

The article Nexus (repository manager) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * There is no evidence that this is a notable piece of software and is only marginally not a WP:CSD#G11 candidate as a promotional piece

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the Proposed Deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The Speedy Deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and Articles for Deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Thryduulf (talk) 13:23, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bruno Unna


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Defetation

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETED as vandalism during voting period. jni 13:13, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Defetation
I believe that this is merely an attempt at sneaky vandalism, the author also added this to Birth, even if this was a real word this wouldn't be the place for it. It scores zero google hits. Rje 03:07, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Hoax, no Google hits. JoaoRicardo 03:54, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no such word on Google or Medline. Possible hoax. The correct medical term for giving birth is Parturition, which redirects to Childbirth. Maybe a redirect to Childbirth to prevent defetation article being recreated. Megan1967 04:02, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as funny, but not encyclopedic. -- Cleduc 06:06, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete almost certainly a prank, to denote similarities to defecation. Even if there's a slight chance that it's an honest attempt to create a neologism, WP isn't the place for that either. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  14:38, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, vandalism. Wyss 19:51, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Brigitte Douay

Brigitte Douay (born 24 February 1947 in Paris) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the north-west of France. She is a member of the Socialist Party, which is part of the Party of European Socialists, and sits on the Committee on Budgets.

She is also a substitute for the Committee on Regional Development, a member of the delegation for relations with Japan, and a substitute for the delegation to the EU–Mexico Joint Parliamentary Committee.

Career

 * Degree in classics (1968), graduate of Sciences Po
 * Teacher (1971)
 * Editorial secretary on 30 jours d'Europe (1971–1972)
 * Editorial secretary on issues of the Moniteur devoted to public works (1972–1973)
 * Journalist (1974–1977)
 * Press attaché to Pierre Mauroy, Mayor of Lille and Chairman of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region (1977–1981)
 * Press attaché in the office of Pierre Mauroy, Prime Minister (1981–1984)
 * Press and parliamentary attaché in the office of the State Secretary for the Civil Service (1984–1986)
 * Responsible for external relations at the Commission for the National Plan (1986–1988)
 * Responsible for public relations, Nord-Pas-de-Calais region (1988–1993)
 * Responsible for public relations at Lille Grand Palais (congress centre) (1993–1997)
 * Director of communications, Jean-Jaurès Foundation (2003–2004)
 * Member of Cambrai Municipal Council (2001–2004)
 * Member of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Regional Council (since 2004)
 * Member of the National Assembly for Nord (1997–2002)
 * Chairwoman of the national anti-counterfeiting committee (1997–2002)

title: Brigitte Douay


text:
Talk:Infanta, Quezon

Name
Either the name is from Infant Jesus or from some Spanish Infanta. I doubt that somebody would remember an Infanta of Philip II in the 19th century. --Error 03:08, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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Esp
value of Infanta 49.145.15.129 (talk) 11:30, 22 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Infanta, Quezon


text: Category:Acupuncture

title: Category:Acupuncture


text:
Anne Ferreira

Anne Ferreira (born 18 March 1961) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Île-de-France. She is a member of the Socialist Party, which is part of the Party of European Socialists, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety.

She is a substitute for the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, a member of the delegation for relations with South Africa, and a substitute for the delegation to the EU–Kazakhstan, EU–Kyrgyzstan and EU–Uzbekistan Parliamentary Cooperation Committees, and for relations with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia.

Career

 * School teacher (1981–1999)
 * Vice-chairwoman of the Aisne Departmental Council
 * Member of the European Parliament (since 1999)

title: Anne Ferreira


text:
User talk:Wilson Tam

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 | Talk 03:10, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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Removing images
I am not sure why you removed the image at Yuko Ogura just after I readded it, since it was taken away due to vandalism. Swimsuit/undewear, is it that? Whatever it could be, it is courteous on Wikipedia to give an image a proper destination after you remove it from all the pages it was linked to. If you really do think it should go away, you must list it at Images and media for deletion and state your arguments there. If you don't do that, the images you remove from pages will be hardly found by other people (including admins), and that way, it gets harder for someone to find it and delete it, if that's the case.--Kaonashi 01:16, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Please think about what you are doing
Your changes to Template:Infobox animanga caused thousands of pages to include the Japanese reference to the template on them. Please think about what you are doing when altering templates. --Squilibob 01:53, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wilson Tam


text:
User talk:Point~enwiki

Welcome!

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Point_hates_all....png listed for deletion
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Your account will be renamed
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Renamed
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title: User talk:Point~enwiki


text:
User talk:Jrossman

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 | Talk 03:10, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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 * Hi, thanks for the reply. The tutorial link above is the best place to start with getting used to wikipedia policies, everything else comes from experience.  Incidentally I have family in Massachusetts too: my grandfather was from a place called Gardner.  Is that anywhere near you? -- Francs2000 | Talk  17:40, 9 Feb 2005

 * Hi Francs200 - you know, I had to look Gardner up. Gardner is N.W. of here, above Worcester (pronounced "Wuster") and up by the state line. Wellesley is about 18 miles from the center of Boston.  We've only been in Mass. for three years. My husband is with Wendy's Intl., so we're here until we get reassigned again. Jeri Jrossman 22:00, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks...
...I think, for your support on the RfC on me. user: stude62 user talk:stude62 13:27, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Well I guess I should thank you, for thanking me ;-). Do I think that this guy is using you?  Most certainly. You have some temper issues that you need to get under control.  If you don’t, people will use it against you for the rest of your life.   Try taking 10 minutes of meditation the next time you feel that you have to respond right away.  Maybe you need one of those wiki-stress indicators.  I think you need to recognize that this other person needs people like you in order to function. They feed off your energy. They live to "stir the pot". They like conflict. Without you drawing attention to them, they have to draw attention to themselves.  You can't win with people like this, so why try? Adults with good self esteem levels don't need to impress the world with “who” they are, or “what” they have achieved or "how" much they know. People like him make it a point to point out how qualified they are because they want you to be impressed.  So let him have this win – in five minutes he'll lost the rush that he gets by winning and he’ll go after his next target. He can't help himself.  He needs the drama.  He needs to control the information that he feels validates him as a person. Let him. Good luck, Jeri Jrossman 18:33, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Well when you put it that way it makes a great deal of sense. Again, thanks. user: stude62 user talk:stude62 22:48, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jrossman


text: Category:Closed railways in Ireland

title: Category:Closed railways in Ireland


text:
Walter B. Jones Sr.

Walter Beaman Jones Sr. (August 19, 1913 – September 15, 1992), was an American Democratic politician from the state of North Carolina who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1966 until his death from natural causes in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1992.

Early life and education
Jones was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, and attended Elise Academy, in Hemp, North Carolina. He received a Bachelor of Science in 1934 from North Carolina State University in Raleigh.

Career
Jones became a businessman. Soon after graduation he married and started a family.

After getting established in local life, Jones was elected as mayor of Farmville from 1949 to 1953. He was elected to the North Carolina General Assembly from 1955 to 1959, and to the North Carolina State Senate in 1965.

Jones was elected as a Democrat to the 89th United States Congress by special election to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Representative Herbert C. Bonner. He was reelected to the 90th, 91st, 92nd, 93rd, 94th, 95th, 96th, 97th, 98th, 99th, 100th, 101st, and 102nd United States Congresses, serving from February 5, 1966 to September 15, 1992. He was the chairman of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries from the 97th through 102nd Congresses.

He died in Norfolk, Virginia. His son Walter B. Jones Jr. served as a Republican congressman in North Carolina from 1995 to 2019. Walter Sr. is buried in Forest Hills Cemetery in Farmville, North Carolina.

title: Walter B. Jones Sr.


text:
Monodactylus sebae

Monodactylus sebae, the African moony, is a species of moonyfish native to fresh, brackish and marine waters from the eastern Atlantic, ranging from the Canary Islands down to Angola. It inhabits mangrove swamps and estuaries and can occasionally be found in lagoons. This species can reach a length of 25 cm TL though most do not exceed 15 cm. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.

In the aquarium
This species is quite widely kept in brackish and saltwater water aquaria; although it has only very rarely been bred in captivity, it is otherwise hardy and easy to care for.

title: Monodactylus sebae


text:
Talk:Schutzstaffel unit insignia

Image at Waffen-SS foreign legions
Hello; first of all, thanks for creating this article! But I also have a gripe: would it be possible for someone to either 1) get hold of a photographically sharper image of the foreign legion insignia, so that the names of the legions would become legible? or 2) (for the contributor of the present image) to provide us with the names in writing so that these could be noted in the caption or below the picture, with a reference to each legions insignius in the image ("Upper row. 1st column: xxx; 2nd column: yyy; 3rd ...", usw.). --Wernher 03:12, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm working on it...this article is soon due for a major expansion. For now, what you see is what you've got. -Husnock 8Feb05
 * I think these patches were never issued in earnest. Anyway,I'll have a try. From the top right: A Viking drakkar's bow_5th SS Armoured Division "Wiking" (in theory Scandinavian)///11th SS Mechanized Div. "Nordland" (Scandinavian and Netherlander)///A scimitar_13th SS Mountain Div. "Handschar" (Croatian, made up of Bosnian muslims)///14th SS Div. "Galitzia" (Ukrainian)///15th SS div. (Latvian)///the SA badge_18th SS Mech. "Horst Wessel"///19th SS Div. (Latvian)///20th (Estonian)///??? (either a never-born 3rd SS Latvian Division or the badge issued in theory to the concentration camps' auxiliary jailers)///21st Mountain "Skanderbeg" (Albanian)///A flower_22th Cavalry "Maria Theresia" (Hungarian)///The short-lived 23th Mountain "Kama" (Bosnian Muslim)///A "Wolf's Hook"_23th Mech. "Nederland" & 34th "Landsturm Nederland", both Dutch (so far as I know the latter's collar patch was a 17th century-like grenade)///25th "Hunyadi" (Hungarian)///A three-legged Celtic Swastika_27th "Langemark" (Flemish)///A cross of Burgundy_28th "Wallonie" (Walloon)///29th (Italian) (the Italian SS were issued with red collar patches, although the units that from the German point of view fought gallantly in the battle of Anzio were granted the right to wear black collar patches)///29th & 30th (Russian and Belorussian, transferred to Vlasov's Russian Liberation Army)///????( it seems a Scandinavian Nazi sun badge)(Quisling's party in Norway)///33th (A never-born Hungarian cavalry division)///An Ukrainian Nationalist badge///This sort of Ruthenian double Greek Cross was designed for an Ukrainian, Belorussian or Russian division///Unknown (a Tartar minority from the USSR?)///A Turkmen Wolf?///29th (Russian)(Kaminski's)///Two rifles crossed in diagonal & a German handgrenade_36th Div. (the Dirlewanger's Brigade, a sort of SS penal corps, upgraded in theory to divisional status)///An Indian tiger (Indian Nationalists and former Indian prisoners of war)///The English leopards (British Free Corps).
 * I deleted about the sentence about the not true foreign SS- Members. Obviously wrong as these wore the Sig-Runes on the collar anyway. The special patches for each foreign units were more a psychological tool to inspire them.--Tresckow 09:18, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:GeneralSSPatch.jpg
Image:GeneralSSPatch.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:45, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:SSRunes.jpg
Image:SSRunes.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:59, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Mistake?
If I am not very much mistaken, what you call "SS foreign collar patches" are in fact unofficial would-be collar patches that were never issued to the units (the Viking drakkar for the 5th SS division, the cross of Burgundy for the 28th, the SA badge for the 18th &c). The patches are from Robin Lumsden's book on the SS, known in Spain as "Historia secreta de las SS".≈≈≈≈ Juan —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.142.175.22 (talk) 10:06, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

7th SS Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen"
Its collar patch seems to have been a sort of "Odal" rune in lieu of the SS runes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.142.175.22 (talk) 09:48, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

Norwegian SS Volunteer Legion's collar patch
A rampant lion wielding a battle axe. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.142.175.22 (talk) 10:52, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

Sleeve Insignia question
There is a "V" shaped insignia that is used by some members of the SS, usually those of a higher rank. Two prominent figures that use it were Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich. At first glance it resembles an NCO's insignia, does anyone know what this is. It is the insignia on Himmlers right sleeve (left on the picture) here

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:HHP1.JPG

Douglasnicol (talk) 17:39, 23 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Schutzstaffel unit insignia


text:
Carolina Theatre (Durham)

The Carolina Theatre is a performing arts and cinema complex in downtown Durham, North Carolina. The facility is operated by a nonprofit organization named The Carolina Theatre of Durham, Inc. under a management agreement with the City of Durham, which owns the complex.

History
In 1923, the city of Durham chose to construct an auditorium on a lot adjacent to Morris Street School. Bids for construction were accepted on May 1, 1925 and the $250,000 budget was set. The building was completed in 1926 and opened on February 2 of that year with the Kiwanis Jollies. The theater's popularity rose during the World War II years and soldiers from Camp Butner were moved to the theater to watch movies. In 1977, the North Carolina Department of Archives and History completed a historic survey of Downtown Durham and recognized The Carolina Theatre as a "significant building in the city" and the center portion of downtown was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Carolina Theatre remains the last of thirteen original theaters in the city. The most recent renovation of the theater was in 2011, which included plaster repairs, new carpeting, painting, and sound upgrades in Fletcher Hall and the Cinemas.

Design
The Carolina Theatre was designed in the Beaux-Arts style by the Washington, D.C. architectural firm of Milburn, Heister & Company. This facility is not to be confused with the Carolina Theatre of Chapel Hill, which announced its closing in 2005.

Theaters
The main stage, called Fletcher Hall, seats 1,048 and has two balconies. The cinema wing, built in 1992, seats 226 in Cinema 1 and 49 in Cinema 2. The theater includes two elegant function rooms, the Connie Moses Ballroom, which is known for its chandeliers and large windows overlooking the plaza in front of the theater; and the Donor Lounge, located outside the theater's second balcony.

Programming
Carolina Theatre of Durham, Inc. is the 5th-largest performing arts organization in the Research Triangle region of North Carolina, which encompasses Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill. The nonprofit presents nearly 100 concerts and comedy performances per year, more than any major venue in the market, and has been among the smallest venues ranked in Pollstar's Top 100 theatres worldwide since 2012. The theater shows more than 3,000 film screenings annually. It is the producer of the North Carolina Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, one of the largest LGBT film festivals in the Southeastern United States, as well as the Nevermore Film Festival.

Rental events
The Carolina Theatre hosts numerous arts nonprofits from Durham and the Triangle Region. The Full Frame Documentary Film Festival occupies the theater for four days each April. The Durham Savoyards present a multi-day run of a Gilbert and Sullivan opera each March. Chamber Orchestra of the Triangle, the Mallarme Chamber Players, Durham Symphony, and Triangle Youth Ballet are among the other arts organizations that have a history of performances at the Carolina Theatre.

Civil rights history
In 2014, an exhibit commemorating the Carolina Theatre's role in desegregation in Durham was unveiled to the public. The Carolina Theatre was the first theater in Durham to admit African-Americans, although there were still segregated ticket lines and lounge areas until the summer of 1963.

title: Carolina Theatre (Durham)


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Natural Light

Natural Light, formerly Anheuser-Busch Natural Light, nicknamed Natty, is an American reduced-calorie light lager brewed by Anheuser-Busch. Its ingredients are listed as water, barley malt, cereal grains, yeast, and hops. One 12 usfloz serving contains 95 calories, 3.2 grams of carbohydrates, 0.7 grams of protein, and 4.2% alcohol by volume.

History
Introduced to market on July 31, 1977, the brand formulation had 97 kcal, to compete with Miller Lite's 96 kcal, and was called "Anheuser-Busch Natural Light." The brand was Anheuser-Busch's first widely-distributed light beer, followed by Michelob Light and Bud Light, introduced in 1978 and 1981, respectively. (Bud Light's name was also shortened from its original "Budweiser Light.")

Natural Light was originally priced at Budweiser levels, which has traditionally been considered part of the "premium"-priced segment. The name was later shortened to the current Natural Light, and was re-formulated to have similar taste but slightly fewer calories.

Some television commercials for the brand featured comedian Norm Crosby. Another comedian, Bill Saluga, was noted in some of these for his officious character of "Raymond J. Johnson Jr.," whose tagline was essentially, "Ya doesn't have to call me Johnson." This he would follow with a succession of other names by which others could refer to him. It was Crosby, however, who most customarily mocked the brand's unwieldy name in the said commercials by urging people, "Just say Natural."

Over the years, the brand was also re-priced downward, especially after Bud Light was introduced, eventually ending up at its current value pricing. It is commonly consumed by college students because of its low price. Natural Light Beer has also been referred to as "Natty Light" in some circles. It is also a common beer chosen for drinking games due to the inexpensive price of 30-pack cases. In 2018, Natural Light began selling special release 77-pack containers in College Park, Maryland.

In an attempt to broaden its brand beyond the college-age demographic, Anheuser-Busch overhauled Natural Light's packaging in 2023, returning to the logo and can design used in the late 1970s.

Reception
The magazine Consumer Reports in 2001 published a review of many beers in which Natural Light was ranked as the number two light beer and additionally characterized as one of the "best buys." Additionally, in 2008, Natural Light received a Bronze Medal in the World Beer Cup in the American Style Light-Lager category, and The Wall Street Journal lists it as the fifth largest selling beer in the U.S. In contrast, Natural Light currently maintains a combined aggregate score of 47 out of 100 (awful) on notable beer rating site BeerAdvocate.com, while being listed as the worst beer in the world by RateBeer.com.

title: Natural Light


text:
Gardelegen massacre

The Gardelegen massacre was a massacre perpetrated by the locals (Volkssturm, Hitlerjugend and local firefighters) of the northern German town of Gardelegen, with direction from the SS, near the end of World War II. On April 13, 1945, on the Isenschnibbe estate near the town, the troops forced over 1,000 slave laborers who were part of a transport train evacuated from the Mittelbau-Dora and Hannover-Stöcken concentration camps into a large barn, which was then set on fire.

One thousand and sixteen people, of whom the largest number were Poles, were burned alive or shot trying to escape. The crime was discovered two days later by Company F, 2nd Battalion, 405th Infantry Regiment, U.S. 102nd Infantry Division, when the U.S. Army occupied the area. Eleven prisoners were found alive – seven Poles, three Russians and a Frenchman. The testimonies of survivors were collected and published by Melchior Wańkowicz in 1969, in the book From Stołpców to Cairo. Gardelegen became a part of the newly established German Democratic Republic in 1947 and is now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Details

The discovery of the massacre seems to have been by chance. The consensus account is that American Lieutenant Emerson Hunt, a liaison officer between 102nd Infantry Division headquarters and the 701st Tank Battalion, was captured by German forces on April 14, 1945, and bluffed the German forces defending the town of Gardelegen into believing that American tanks were approaching the city. This induced the German commander to surrender to the American forces. The Americans arrived at the site before the Germans had time to bury all of the bodies.

On April 3–4, following the U.S. Army's crossing of the Rhine River and push into Germany, the SS camp administration at Dora-Mittelbau had ordered the evacuation of prisoners from the main camp and a number of its affiliated subcamps. The goal was to transport the inmates by train or by foot to the other north German concentration camps: Bergen-Belsen, Sachsenhausen, or Neuengamme.

Within days, some 4,000 people held in the Mittelbau-Dora, its satellite camps, and from the Neuengamme subcamp Hannover-Stöcken arrived in the Gardelegen area, where they had to deboard from the freight cars because the trains could not advance any further due to air raid damage to the rail lines. Greatly outnumbered by the prisoners, the SS guards began recruiting auxiliary forces from the local fire department, the air force, the aged home guard, the Hitler Youth, and other organizations to watch over the inmates.

On April 13, more than a thousand prisoners, many of them sick and too weak to march any further, were taken from the town of Gardelegen to a large barn on the Isenschnibbe estate and forced inside the building. The assembled guards then barricaded the doors and set fire to gasoline-soaked straw. Those who escaped the conflagration by digging under the barn's walls were killed by the guards. The next day, the SS and local auxiliaries returned to dispose of the evidence of their crime. They planned to incinerate what remained of the bodies and the barn, and kill any survivors of the blaze. The swift advance of the 102nd Infantry Division, however, prevented the SS and its accomplices from completely carrying out this plan.

On April 14, the 102nd entered Gardelegen and, the following day, discovered the atrocity. They found 1,016 corpses in the still-smoldering barn and nearby trenches, where the SS had the charred remains dumped. They also interviewed several of the prisoners who had managed to escape the fire and the shootings. U.S. Army Signal Corps photographers soon arrived to document the Nazi crime and by April 19, 1945, the story of the Gardelegen massacre began appearing in the Western press. On that day, both the New York Times and The Washington Post ran stories on the massacre, quoting one American soldier who stated:

I never was so sure before of exactly what I was fighting for. Before this you would have said those stories were propaganda, but now you know they weren't. There are the bodies and all those guys are dead.

Eleven prisoners survived the burning of the barn and were found alive by U.S. soldiers – seven Poles, three Russians and one severely wounded Frenchman. According to eyewitnesses, 20 men who participated in the massacre were summarily executed by U.S. soldiers after being identified.

On April 21, 1945, the local commander of the 102nd ordered between 200 and 300 men from the town of Gardelegen to give the murdered prisoners a proper burial. Over the next few days, the German civilians exhumed 586 bodies from the trenches and recovered 430 bodies from the barn, placing each in an individual grave. On April 25, the 102nd carried out a ceremony to honor the dead and erected a memorial tablet to the victims, which stated that the townspeople of Gardelegen are charged with the responsibility that the "graves are forever kept as green as the memory of these unfortunates will be kept in the hearts of freedom-loving men everywhere." Also on April 25, Colonel George Lynch addressed German civilians at Gardelegen with the following statement:

The German people have been told that stories of German atrocities were Allied propaganda. Here, you can see for yourself. Some will say that the Nazis were responsible for this crime. Others will point to the Gestapo. The responsibility rests with neither — it is the responsibility of the German people....Your so-called Master Race has demonstrated that it is master only of crime, cruelty and sadism. You have lost the respect of the civilized world.

Investigation
An investigation was undertaken by Lieutenant Colonel Edward E. Cruise, Investigating Officer, Ninth Army War Crimes Branch.

Text of Lieutenant Colonel Cruise's report and text of other exhibits are stored in US Army file 000-12-242.

SS-Untersturmführer Erhard Brauny, the transport leader for the prisoners evacuated from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp who subsequently wound up in Gardelegen, appeared before the Dachau Military Tribunal in 1947, and was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. He died of leukemia in 1950.

Statements of the survivors were gathered by Polish writer Melchior Wańkowicz and published in 1969.

Memorials
Gardelegen is now a national memorial, which was rearranged by East Germany from 1952 till 1971.

The sign at the cemetery, founded by the U.S. Army, reads:

"Gardelegen

Military Cemetery

Here lie 1016 allied prisoners of war who were murdered by their captors.

They were buried by citizens of Gardelegen, who are charged with responsibility that graves are for- ever kept as green as the memory of these unfortunates will be kept in the hearts of freedom-loving men everywhere.

Established under supervision of 102nd Infantry Division, United States Army. Vandalism will be punished by maximum penalties under laws of military government.

Frank A. Keating Major General, U.S.A. Commanding"

The sign at the remaining wall of the barn, applied by officials of the German Democratic Republic, reads:

"You stand in front of the ruins of a barn, where one of the most cruel crimes of fascism was taking place. In the night of their liberation, a few hours before Allied forces approach, 1016 international fighters of resistance against fascism were brutally and inhumanely burned alive. Whenever you feel apathy or weakness in fighting against fascism and imperialistic threat of war, get new power from our unforgettable dead."

Memorial barn Isenschnibbe Gardelegen
The memorial is located at the historic scene of the massacre of Gardelegen. It is a reminder of the 1016 concentration camp prisoners from many European countries who were murdered there on 13 April 1945 in a field barn near the Hanseatic city of Gardelegen. The site also includes the Memorial Cemetery, where the victims of the massacre are buried.

A new visitor/documentation centre with a permanent exhibition opened in 2020.

title: Gardelegen massacre


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Jean-Claude Fruteau

Jean-Claude Fruteau (6 June 1947 – 28 April 2022) was a French politician and a Member of the European Parliament for France's "outre mer" from 1999 to 2007. He was a member of the Socialist Party, which was part of the Party of European Socialists, and was vice-chair of the European Parliament's Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development.

He was also a substitute for the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection and a substitute for the delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly.

Career

 * Highest postgraduate teaching qualification in language and literature (CAPES) (1972)
 * Teacher in higher education, with the highest postgraduate teaching qualification
 * First federal secretary, Réunion Socialist Party (1981–2000)
 * Mayor of Saint-Benoît (Réunion) (1983–1999)
 * Member of the Réunion Departmental Council (since 1982)
 * Member of the European Parliament (1999–2007)
 * Member of the French Parliament (2007–2017)

title: Jean-Claude Fruteau


text: User talk:172.199.94.67

title: User talk:172.199.94.67


text:
Catherine Guy-Quint

Catherine Guy-Quint (born 1 September 1949 in Poitiers, Vienne) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for central France. She is a member of the Socialist Party, which is part of the Party of European Socialists, and sits on the Committee on Budgets.

She is also chair of the delegation to the EU–Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee, a substitute for the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, and a member of the temporary committee on policy challenges and budgetary means of the enlarged Union 2007–2013.

Education

 * Diploma of higher studies of environment/water treatment (Poitiers, 1971).
 * University diploma of management (Clermont-Ferrand, 1982).
 * Teaching (1971–1972), member of various (1973–1992) and management engineering and design departments of companies

Career

 * Teacher (1971–1972)
 * Member of various construction project planning consultancies (1973–1992)
 * Manager of a construction company (1986–1992)
 * Training adviser on construction and civil engineering (1986–1990)

Local mandates

 * Member of the municipal council of Cournon-d'Auvergne (1982–1989)
 * Mayor of Cournon-d'Auvergne (1989–2001)
 * Regional adviser (1998–1999).
 * President of the local Mission for the employment of the young people of Cournon (1990–2002)
 * General adviser of the department of Puy de Dôme (1996–1998)
 * Vice-president of the agglomeration Clermont, Oise (2000–2002)
 * Member of the regional council (1998–1999)
 * Mayor of Cournon-d'Auvergne (1989–1999).

National and European mandates

 * Member of the Socialist Party national council (1990–2003)
 * Member of the Socialist Party national bureau (1997–1999)
 * Associated secretary-general of the office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1997–2001)
 * Member of the National Council of the local Missions (2002)
 * Member of the Fonds Intervention Commerce et Artisanat (FISAC) (1992–2001)
 * Member of the national council (1990–1999) and the national office of the Socialist Party (1997–1999).
 * Member of the office of the socialist and republican elected officials (1990–2001)
 * Vice-president of the European Association of the elected officials of mountain
 * Member of the European Parliament (since 1999)

Decorations

 * Honorary mayor of Cournon-d'Auvergne
 * Chevalier of the Ordre National du Mérite

title: Catherine Guy-Quint


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Glory Hole Theme Park

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge and redirect -- AllyUnion (talk) 22:31, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Glory Hole Theme Park
Fancruft. Should be merged into the main article on Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. jdb ❋ 03:16, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as above. — Brim 09:44, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge RJFJR 21:54, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. Megan1967 06:21, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, preferably into Cruft of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas rather than the main article. Kappa 11:30, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge --MSTCrow 20:05, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Benoît Hamon

Benoît Hamon (born 26 June 1967) is a French politician known for his former role within the Socialist Party (PS) and Party of European Socialists (PES) and his political party Génération.s.

Hamon joined the Socialist Party in 1988 and by 1993 became the leader of the Young Socialist Movement, serving until 1995. In 2004, Hamon was elected MEP for East of France and during his time as MEP he ran for leadership of the Socialist Party, losing in the first round of the Reims Congress and endorsing the Eurosceptic option in the 2005 European Constitution referendum.

In 2012, Hamon was elected to the National Assembly in Yveline's 11th constituency, though he resigned after being appointed as junior minister for the Social Economy at the Ministry of the Economy, Finance, and External Trade by President François Hollande. Hamon was then appointed Minister of National Education in Manuel Valls' new government. He was removed from this position alongside Economy Minister Arnaud Montebourg when they both publicly opposed the government economic policy. He later returned to the National Assembly in September of the same year, running in his previous constituency. Hamon's stint in the National Assembly consisted of voting in line with a group labelled the Frondeurs, a socialist group opposed to the social-liberal politics of Francois Hollande and Manuel Valls.

In 2016, Hamon declared his intention to run in the Socialist Party primary for the 2017 presidential election. Being dubbed the "Jeremy Corbyn of the French-left" and "reinventing the French left", Hamon ran on ideas accused of being "far-out" such as legalising cannabis, taxing automation and introducing a universal basic income. Hamon eventually won in a run-off against former Prime Minister Manuel Valls and campaigned on similar ideals in the general election, though only gathering 6.36 per cent of votes. Shortly following his loss in the legislative election, Hamon left the Socialist Party in July 2017 to found his own political party called 1 July Movement, later renamed Génération.s.

After failing to win any seats in the 2019 European elections, Hamon will step back to reflect on his and his movement's political future.

Early life
Hamon was born 26 June 1967 in Saint-Renan, Finistère to an engineer father who worked for Naval Group in Brest and a secretary mother.

Hamon lived in Brest until 1980, moving with his parents to Dakar, Senegal where he attended a Cours Sainte Marie de Hann private school. Hamon credited growing up in Dakar as influential to the future of his life due to the religious and ethnic diversity of the region. Hamon returned to Brittany following his parents divorce in 1984 and eventually enrolled in the University of Western Brittany studying a degree in History where he joined the Young Socialist movement. Hamon lived in an apartment with current Socialist Party first secretary Olivier Faure during his academic life.

Beginnings
After obtaining a degree in history at the University of Western Brittany in 1991, Hamon started his parliamentary career as an assistant to Socialist Party deputy Pierre Brana at the age of 24. Hamon had been taking part in student protests since the age of 19, starting his involvement in politics during a demonstration against Alain Devaquet's 1986-1987 education reform. Hamon joined the Socialist Party afterwards and became active in the Brest Socialist Party, being an advocate and supporter of Prime Minister Michel Rocard. Hamon also campaigned in support of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992.

Following the Socialist Party's loss in the 1993 legislative election, Michel Rocard, with the support of the socialist wing of the party, became the first secretary. The subsequent shake-up of the party's establishment led to the Socialist Party's secretary of communication, Manuel Valls', appointing Hamon within the administration of the Young Socialists. Hamon was a regional manager with supervision over Brittany, Nancy and Lyon. Hamon's leadership was inspired entirely by Rocard, independent from the then-leadership of the Young Socialists. Hamon was elected the leader of the Young Socialists in November 1993.

Hamon's leadership of the Young Socialists was marked by a closeness to student unions, which helped current Socialist Party politicians such as Pouria Amirshahi win elections for leadership positions within different student unions. Hamon also led an increase in membership from 500 members to 3,000, an expansion in terms of bases the Young Socialists have in universities and an increase of membership age from 25 to 29, mainly due to Hamon's own age of 26 at the time.

Following the revelation that then-president François Mitterrand and former high ranking Vichy member René Bousquet had a friendship, Hamon resigned as the leader of the Young Socialists. He was succeeded by Régis Juanico and became the national Representative of youth issues for the Socialist Party and then the advisor for youth policy in Lionel Jospin's 1995 presidential election.

Hamon ran for the National Assembly in 1997, in Morbihan's 2nd constituency's, losing in the second round. Hamon was then appointed as an advisor to Martine Aubry's Employment Ministry, mainly in charge of youth employment from 1997 to 1998 before becoming a senior advisor in 1998 to 2000. Hamon became a city councillor for Brétigny-sur-Orge in 2001, serving until 2008. He was also the director for strategic planning at Ipsos from 2001 to 2004.

European Parliament
In 2003, Hamon founded a caucus within the Socialist Party called the "New Socialist Party" with Arnaud Montebourg, Vincent Peillon, Julien Dray. The caucus was able to gathered 17% of votes at the Dijon Congress, the second most behind Francois Hollande, who was eventually elected the first secretary of the Socialist Party. The caucus became the main Socialist Left affiliation within the party following an endorsement by former-first secretary Henri Emmanuelli. The "New Socialist Party" split after a motion proposed by the party at the Le Mans Congress, was rejected by leading member Arnaud Montebourg. The caucus finally collapsed in 2006 after the leadership of the caucus endorsed different candidates during the primary for the presidential election.

Hamon was Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the East of France from 2004 to 2009, attached to the PES Group. He served as a member of the Committee of Economic and Monetary affairs, an alternative member of the Committee on Consumer Protection and the Vice-Chairman of the Delegate for the United States. Hamon was a campaigner for a "no" vote in the 2005 European Constitution referendum and was the national secretary for the PES Group, elected in 2005 and resigning in 2007 after the Socialist Party's support of the Lisbon Treaty despite promises made during the Le Mans Congress.

Hamon became a spokesman for the Socialist Party in the 2007 legislative elections.

After the candidacy for the First Secretary of the PS became a contest between Ségolène Royal and Martine Aubry, Hamon urged his supporters to vote for Aubry, who secured a narrow, contested majority.

On 16 May 2012, Hamon was appointed Junior Minister for the Social Economy at the French Ministry of the Economy, Finance, and External Trade by President François Hollande. Hamon was Minister of National Education from 2 April 2014 until 25 August 2014, resigning as a result of Hollande's abandonment of a socialist agenda. He was national secretary for Europe and spokesperson for the Socialist Party.

2017 presidential campaign
Hamon announced his intention to seek the French presidency in August 2016. Critical of the social-liberal politics of Hollande and Prime Minister Manuel Valls, Hamon represented the left-wing and green side of the Socialist Party during the primary.

Hamon wants to give all French citizens a basic income, believing that the availability of work will decrease due to automation. He supports a 35-hour workweek, and less if a worker chooses in exchange for state compensation, and supports the legalisation of cannabis and euthanasia. He also argues for sizeable investments in renewable energy, aiming for renewable sources to provide 50% of French energy by 2025, and wants to protect the "common goods" (water, air, biodiversity) in the Constitution. Hamon is also very critical of the neoliberal "myth of infinite economic growth", which he blames for "destroying the planet" and argues is a "quasi-religion" among politicians, saying: "There is an urgency to change now our way to produce and consume. [...] We can negotiate with bankers, but we can't negotiate with the planet".

Polling in January 2017 showed that his support had tripled and put him into serious contention for the nomination. On 22 January 2017, Hamon came in first in the first round of the primary, ahead of Valls. He secured the support of Arnaud Montebourg, who placed third, soon thereafter. In the runoff on 29 January, he won the Socialist Party nomination.

Hamon conceded defeat after the first round of the presidential election on 23 April, and immediately announced his support for Emmanuel Macron in the second round.

Addressing the 1 July Movement on 1 July 2017, Hamon said he was leaving the Socialist Party, but not socialism and called for the formation of local committees of the left to decide the movement's future.

Personal life
Hamon is in a civil union, also known as PACS in France, with Gabrielle Guallar with whom he has two daughters. The couple met while Hamon was an MEP for East France.

Hamon has an estate in his home department of Finistère and an apartment in Hauts-de-Seine.

title: Benoît Hamon


text:
Soccer (dog)

Soccer (May 17, 1988 – June 26, 2001) was a Jack Russell Terrier and animal actor. A veteran of many television commercials for such companies as Nike Athletics and Mighty Dog Dog Food, he became famous portraying the talking dog Wishbone in the PBS Kids television series of the same name. Chosen from more than 100 dogs who auditioned for the role, Soccer appeared in almost every episode of the show during its 1995–1998 run. He lived with his trainer, Jackie Martin Kaptan, on the Plano, Texas ranch where the Wishbone series was filmed and was buried there after his 2001 death. Soccer, as Wishbone, was considered by many to be one of the most beloved TV dogs of the 1990s. His sire Blencathra Badger was the first winner of the Parson Russell Terrier best of breed prize at Crufts in 1991.

Filmography

 * Wishbone (1995–1997)
 * Wishbone's Dog Days of the West (1998)

title: Soccer (dog)


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Zliv

Zliv (Sliw) is a town in České Budějovice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,500 inhabitants.

Geography
Zliv is located about 12 km northwest of České Budějovice. It lies in a flat landscape in the České Budějovice Basin. The town is situated on the shores of several fishponds, including Bezdrev, which is the third largest pond in the country with an area of 365 ha.

History
The first written mention of Zliv is from 1409, when it was a serfdom village of the Hluboká estate. By the end of the 19th century, the economic expansion of the village occurred and factories for production of ceramics and grog were founded.

Transport
Zliv is located on the railway lines heading from České Budějovice to Prague and to Strakonice.

Sights
Zliv is poor in historic monuments. The only protected cultural monument is a Baroque stone double-arched bridge, which dates from 1724. It is decorated with a statue of St. John of Nepomuk.

A notable landmark is the Church of Saint Wenceslaus. It is a modern neo-Gothic church from 1913. It was built on the site of a chapel from 1865.

title: Zliv


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User:Wilson Tam

A Little About Me
Space Sword Blaster!!! Kamehameha!!!

O Imperial King of Gods Thy divinity watches all four corners Metal, Wood, Water, Wind, Earth, O Imperial Thunder and Lightning Revolve thy flashing bolt of lightning I demand thee!!!

Favorite Things
I like Dragon Ball, Cardcaptor Sakura and some other cartoons. Especially DBZ series. I like some anime characters such as Vegeta, Cell, Haruka Tenou and Sakura Kinomoto...

I also heard of some anime such as Fushigi Yūgi and Ranma 1/2.

I like to surfer the web and chat with the people who shape like a PIG.

Hobbies and Interests
Computer and the Internet. I also like to destroy people in Planet Vegeta by using my Winged Dragon of Ra!!!!

O Key which hides the power of the stars reveal thy true form before me I, Syaoran, command thee under contract Release!!! &

title: User:Wilson Tam


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Adeline Hazan

Adeline Hazan (born 21 January 1956 in Paris) is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who served as a Member of the European Parliament for the east of France from 1999 to 2008, and mayor of Reims from March 2008 to April 2014.

Since 2022, Hazan has been serving as the president of the French National Committee of UNICEF.

Early life and education

 * Master's degree in private law
 * Diploma, Paris Institute of Criminology (1976)
 * National College for Judicial Officials (nomination in 1980)

Early beginnings
Hazan joined the Socialist Party in 1992 and Lionel Jospin's campaign team ahead of the 1995 presidential election.

Member of the European Parliament, 1999–2008
As part of the Party of European Socialists, Hazan served on the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. In this capacity, she was the parliament's rapporteur on the introduction of the European Arrest Warrant.

Hazan was also a substitute for the Committee on Legal Affairs, a member of the delegation for relations with the Mashreq countries, a member of the delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with the Maghreb countries and the Arab Maghreb Union.

Mayor of Reims, 2008–2014
Hazan was elected mayor of Reims in the 2008 local elections thanks to the lack of unity of right parties. She competed against former minister Catherine Vautrin.

Ahead of the Socialist Party's 2008 convention in Reims, Hazan publicly endorsed Martine Aubry as candidate to succeed François Hollande at the party's leadership. Since the convention, she has had the nickname of "La Bonne" (the Maid) after Aubry's phrase at the 2008 Reims Congress of the Socialist Party: "T'aurais pu faire le ménage Adeline" ( "Adeline, you should have cleaned the house", after seeing a spider on her desk during her candidacy speech.)

Hazan was not re-elected in the 2014 elections, when she obtained only 42.75% of votes of citizens; consequently, her Republican competitor, Arnaud Robinet became mayor of Reims in April 2014.

Life after politics
Following an appointment by President François Hollande, Hazan served as independent ombudsman on the situation in France's prisons from 2014 to 2020.

Recognition
Hazan was a finalist for the 2010 World Mayor prize.

Other activities

 * Judge for the implementation of sentences, Châlons-sur-Marne (1980)
 * Children's judge, Nanterre High Court (1983) and Paris High Court (1995)
 * Adviser to the Minister for Employment and Solidarity (1997–1999)
 * President of the Judiciary Association (1986–1989)
 * Socialist Party national secretary responsible for social issues (since 1995)
 * Member of the Reims Municipal Council (since 2001)
 * Member of the Champagne-Ardenne Regional Council (1998–2001)

title: Adeline Hazan


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André Laignel

André Laignel (born 4 December 1942 in Paris) is a French politician. of the Socialist Party (PS) who has been serving as the mayor of Issoudun, first delegated Vice-President of the Association of French Mayors (AMF) and the President of the Committee of Local Finances (CFL).

Political career
In July 2022, Laignel declared his candidacy of the Presidency of the National Agency for Territorial Cohesion (ANCT).

Ahead of the Socialist Party's 2017 primaries, Laignel publicly endorsed Benoît Hamon as the party's candidate for the presidential election later that year.

title: André Laignel


text:
User talk:Kevind81

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Kevind81


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Protoculture

In physical anthropology, protoculture is the passing of behaviours from one generation to another among non-human primates.

For example, tool usage is learned between generations within chimpanzee troops. One troop of chimpanzees may exhibit a learned behavior unique from another troop of chimpanzees, such as various tool usage. Some chimpanzee troops have been observed consuming aspilia, for medicinal purposes, because it has been seen to remove intestinal parasites, and is otherwise unpalatable.

title: Protoculture


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Stéphane Le Foll

Stéphane Le Foll (born 3 February 1960) is a French politician serving as Mayor of Le Mans since 2018. A member of the Socialist Party, he was Minister of Agriculture under President François Hollande from 2012 to 2017.

Member of the European Parliament, 2004–2012
Born in Le Mans, Le Foll was elected to the European Parliament for the Socialist Party, part of Party of European Socialists, in 2004.

In parliament, Le Foll was a member of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development. From 2010 to 2012, he also served on the Special committee on the policy challenges and budgetary resources for a sustainable European Union after 2013. In addition to his committee assignments, he was part of the parliament’s delegation for relations with the Palestinian Legislative Council.

Le Foll served until 2012, when he was appointed to the Government of France.

Minister of Agriculture, 2012–2017
Le Foll successfully stood as a candidate for the National Assembly in the 2012 legislative election, but he resigned to become Minister of Agriculture; fellow party member Sylvie Tolmont took the seat.

As Minister of Agriculture in all governments appointed by François Hollande, Le Foll was in charge of reforming the Common Agricultural Policy. He also put an accent on "re-socialising rural territories in France". In 2014, he replaced Najat Vallaud-Belkacem as government spokesperson under Prime Minister Manuel Valls, holding the weekly press briefing at the Élysée Palace. Notably, Le Foll unveiled in 2015 a set of financial support measures for livestock farmers whose total value his ministry put at 600 million euros ($655 million), in response to protests by meat and dairy producers facing low prices and high costs. In 2016, he announced a 290 million euro ($314 million) plan to help livestock farmers protesting against a slump in pork and milk prices, and poultry farmers facing a freeze in output due to the spread of bird flu.

In 2016, Le Foll became the longest-serving Minister of Agriculture since the office was established in 1836.

Mayor of Le Mans, 2018–present
Le Foll was reelected to the National Assembly in 2017. He unsuccessfully stood for the leadership of the Socialist Party at the Aubervilliers Congress in 2018.

After the death of Jean-Claude Boulard in 2018, Le Foll became Mayor of Le Mans. He was succeeded by Tolmont in Parliament, his predecessor. In October 2021, he lost out against Anne Hidalgo in the Socialist primary for the 2022 French presidential election.

title: Stéphane Le Foll


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Battered woman syndrome

Battered woman syndrome (BWS) is a pattern of signs and symptoms displayed by a woman who has suffered persistent intimate partner violence—psychological, physical, or sexual—from her male partner. It is classified in the ICD-9 (code ) as battered person syndrome, but is not in the DSM-5. It may be diagnosed as a subcategory of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Victims may exhibit a range of behaviors, including self-isolation, suicidal thoughts, and substance abuse, and signs of physical injury or illness, such as bruises, broken bones, or chronic fatigue.

The condition is the basis for the battered woman legal defense that has been used in cases of physically and psychologically abused women who have killed their male partners. The condition was first researched extensively by Lenore E. Walker, who used Martin Seligman's learned helplessness theory to explain why women stayed in relationships with abusive men.

Although the diagnosis has mainly centered on women, it has occasionally been applied to men when employing the term battered person syndrome, especially as part of a legal defense. As a legal defense, it may be incorporated in defenses such as self defense, provocation, and insanity based defenses. The term "battered woman syndrome" has been criticized by some survivor advocates as being outdated terminology not used outside of courts. The newer term used among advocates and outside of the courts is "criminalized survivor".

Concept and terminology
In 1979, Lenore E. Walker proposed the concept of battered woman syndrome (BWS). She described it as consisting "of the pattern of the signs and symptoms that have been found to occur after a woman has been physically, sexually, and/or psychologically abused in an intimate relationship, when the partner (usually, but not always a man) exerted power and control over the woman to coerce her into doing whatever he wanted, without regard for her rights or feelings."

Walker stated, "As there are significant differences between the theory underlying the construct of BWS, and to date there are no empirically supported data, it has not yet been applied to men. Therefore, the term used is BWS rather than a gender-neutral battered person syndrome (BPS) or even battered man syndrome (BMS). Of course, men are abused by women, but the psychological impact on the man does not appear to be consistent with trauma in most cases."

Occasionally, the term battered person syndrome has been used to apply to men, especially as part of a legal defense. Author John Hamel stated that although the term BWS has been replaced with battered person's syndrome in some legal circles, "and sounds more politically neutral, the new term does not improve on the former in providing a unitary syndrome, and does not account for the characteristics unique to male victimization."

It was estimated that in 2010, "roughly one woman" is "battered every seven seconds. It is estimated that one of every four American women will be physically or sexually abused by an intimate partner during her lifetime."

Diagnosis
ICD9 code 995.81 lists the syndrome under "battered woman/man/spouse/person NEC", and categorizes it as any person presenting with identified physical descriptors rather than psychological descriptors. It falls under the general heading of "Adult physical abuse", classified under "Injury and Poisoning".

The diagnosis, especially with regard to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), has mainly centered on women. The DSM-IV-TR does not provide a distinct diagnostic category for reactions to battering. The diverse reactions of battered women are treated as separate diagnoses; for example, PTSD or depression. Because there are no subcategories of the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder in the DSM-5, the diagnosis is absent from the manual. It may, however, be used as a classification to guide treatment plans and forensic issues.

Symptoms
When battered woman syndrome (BWS) manifests as PTSD, it consists of the following symptoms: (a) re-experiencing the battering as if it were recurring even when it is not, (b) attempts to avoid the psychological impact of battering by avoiding activities, people, and emotions, (c) hyperarousal or hypervigilance, (d) disrupted interpersonal relationships, (e) body image distortion or other somatic concerns, and (f) sexuality and intimacy issues.

Additionally, repeated cycles of violence and reconciliation can result in the following beliefs and attitudes:
 * The abused thinks that the violence was their fault.
 * The abused has an inability to place the responsibility for the violence elsewhere.
 * The abused fears for their life, and/or, the lives of loved ones whom the abuser might or has threatened to harm (e.g., children-in-common, close relatives, or friends).
 * The abused has an irrational belief that the abuser is omnipresent and omniscient.

Causes
The syndrome develops in response to a three-stage cycle found in intimate partner violence situations. First, tension builds in the relationship. Second, the abusive partner releases tension via violence while blaming the victim for having caused the violence. Third, the violent partner makes gestures of contrition. However, the partner does not find solutions to avoid another phase of tension building and release so the cycle repeats. The repetition of the violence, despite the abuser's attempts to "make nice", results in the abused partner feeling at fault for not preventing a repeat cycle of violence. However, since the victim is not at fault and the violence is internally driven by the abuser, this self-blame results in feelings of helplessness rather than empowerment. The feeling of being both responsible for and helpless to stop the violence leads in turn to depression and passivity. This learned depression and passivity makes it difficult for the abused partner to marshal the resources and support system needed to leave.

Feelings of depression and passivity may also be created by lack of social support outside of the abusive situation. Research in the 1980s by Gondolf and Fisher found that women in abusive situations increase help-seeking behavior as violence intensifies. However, their attempts at seeking help are often frustrated by unresponsive extended family and social services. In a 2002 study, Gondolf found that more than half of women had negative views of shelters and programs for battered women because of negative experiences with those programs.

In legal cases
In the US, the battered woman syndrome as a legal defense started to be developed in the 1970s. In 1977 in the US, Francine Hughes' trial for the murder of her husband was one of the first cases involving what was later called battered-woman syndrome as a defense.

A legal defense using BWS may argue that the systematic abuse suffered by the victim of domestic violence has led her to believe that killing the abuser was the only way to avoid being killed herself and may rely on self-defense or imperfect self defense. Alternatively, the victim may argue that the abuse has severely affected her mental state, in which case the insanity defense or diminished responsibility defense may be used. Provocation is another defense that may be used. A legal defense using BWS seeks to obtain an acquittal, a mitigated sentence or a conviction of a lesser offense.

In the UK, battered woman syndrome emerged as a legal defense in the 1990s, as a result of several murder cases in England involving women who had killed violent partners in response to what they described as cumulative abuse rather than in response to a single provocative act.

In a series of appeals against murder convictions, feminist groups (particularly Southall Black Sisters and Justice for Women) challenged the legal definition of provocation and secured the courts' recognition of battered woman syndrome.

Until the mid-1990s, the legal definition of provocation in England had relied on Devlin J in R v Duffy [1949] 1 All ER 932: "Provocation is some act, or series of acts done (or words spoken) ... which would cause in any reasonable person and actually causes in the accused, a sudden and temporary loss of self-control, rendering the accused so subject to passion as to make him or her for the moment not master of his or her mind." Three cases helped to change this: R v Ahluwalia [1992] 4 AER 889; R v Humphreys [1995] 4 All ER 1008); and R v Thornton (No 2) [1996] 2 AER 1023.

The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 replaced the defence of provocation in English law with the loss of control defence. In addition to loss of control, diminished responsibility in English law is also an available defense.

The courts in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States have accepted the extensive and growing body of research showing that battered women can use force to defend themselves. This may include even killing their abusers because of the abusive, and sometimes life-threatening, situation in which they find themselves. These women act in the firm belief that there is no other way than to kill for self-preservation. The courts have recognized that this evidence may support a variety of defenses to a charge of murder or to mitigate the sentence if convicted of lesser offenses.

Under the term battered person syndrome, the defense has occasionally been used by men in reference to their abusive spouses.

Battered woman syndrome is not a legal defense in and of itself, but may legally constitute:

 * Self-defense when using a reasonable and proportionate degree of violence in response to the abuse might appear the most appropriate defense but, until recently, it almost never succeeded. Research in 1996 in England found no case in which a battered woman successfully pleaded self-defense (see Noonan at p. 198). After analyzing 239 appellate decisions on trials of women who killed in self-defense in the U.S., Maguigan (1991) argues that self-defense is gender biased.
 * imperfect self defense;
 * provocation;
 * insanity (usually within the meaning of the M'Naghten Rules); and
 * diminished responsibility.

In recent years, BWS has been questioned as a legal defense on several grounds. First, legal changes in many states now make it possible to admit a history of past abuse into evidence. Second, not all battered persons act the same. Third, it pleads pathology when there may, in fact, be completely rational reasons for the victim's assessment that their life or that of their children was in danger. For example, if life-threatening attacks were preceded by a certain look in the eyes in the past, the victim may have had probable cause for believing that another life-threatening attack was likely to occur. Fourth, it does not provide for the possibility that a person may be abused, but have chosen to kill for reasons other than on-going abuse – for example, jealousy or greed. Fifth, it paints survivors of domestic violence exclusively as passive victims rather than resourceful survivors. Controversy has also surrounded the legal mechanisms of the use of the BWS, which usually rely on the use of existing general legal defenses, such as self-defense, provocation or insanity based defenses - defenses which themselves have been subjected to controversy regarding their exact definitions and standards with regard to the burden of proof needed in court, given that the broad application of these defenses may provide a 'license to kill' to the people, including to abusive men who kill their partners and claim such defenses and blame the victim for being killed. The broadening of self-defense laws in the US has been especially controversial due to fears about its potential abuse.

The effectiveness of new laws in "reducing the incidence of domestic violence, however, has been limited for a number of reasons." A major barrier "to using these laws to protect women is that proving domestic violence in court is difficult. First, the victim is often the only witness to the abuse. For a variety of reasons, victims are reluctant to testify against their abusers and pursue civil and criminal remedies." Even with those who experience domestic violence do testify, they "are often not believed. Despite changes in legal and popular conceptions of domestic violence, judges and juries continue to ignore or discount victims' testimony about the abuse."

England
In R v Ahluwalia (1992) 4 AER 889 a woman (Kiranjit Ahluwalia), created napalm and set fire to the bed of her husband, Deepak, after he had gone to sleep. He suffered severe burns over 40% of his body and died 10 days later in the hospital. He allegedly had attempted to break her ankles and burn her with a hot iron on the night of her attack. Accusing him of domestic violence and marital rape, she claimed provocation. The judge directed the jury to consider whether, if she did lose her self-control, a reasonable person having the characteristics of a well-educated married Asian woman living in England would have lost her self-control given her husband's provocation. On appeal, it was argued that he should have directed the jury to consider a reasonable person suffering from 'battered woman syndrome'. Having considered fresh medical evidence, the Court of Appeal ordered a retrial on the basis that the new evidence showed an arguable case of diminished responsibility in English law.

Similarly, in R v Thornton (No 2) (1996) 2 AER 1023 the battered wife adduced fresh evidence that she had a personality disorder and the Court of Appeal ordered a retrial considering that, if the evidence had been available at the original trial, the jury might have reached a different decision. The victim does not have to be in a position to carry out the threats immediately.

In R v Charlton (2003) EWCA Crim 415, following threats of sexual and violent abuse against herself and her daughter, the defendant killed her obsessive, jealous, controlling partner while he was restrained by handcuffs, blindfolded and gagged as part of their regular sexual activity. The term of five years' imprisonment was reduced to three and a half years because of the terrifying threats made by a man determined to dominate and control the defendant's life. The threats created a genuine fear for the safety of herself and more significantly, her daughter, and this caused the defendant to lose control and make the ferocious attack.

In HM's AG for Jersey v Holley (2005) 3 AER 371, the Privy Council regarded the Court of Appeal precedent in Smith as wrongly decided, interpreting the Act as setting a purely objective standard. Thus, although the accused's characteristics were to be taken into account when assessing the gravity of the provocation, the standard of self-control to be expected was invariable except for the accused's age and sex. The defendant and the deceased were both chronic alcoholics and had a violent and abusive relationship. The evidence was that the deceased was drunk and taunted him by telling him that she had sex with another man. The defendant then struck the deceased with an axe which was an accident of availability. Psychiatric evidence was that his consumption of alcohol was involuntary and that he had a number of other psychiatric conditions which, independently of the effects of the alcohol, might have caused the loss of self-control and induced him to kill. Lord Nicholls said:
 * Whether the provocative acts or words and the defendant's response met the 'ordinary person' standard prescribed by the statute is the question the jury must consider, not the altogether looser question of whether, having regard to all the circumstances, the jury consider the loss of self-control was sufficient excusable. The statute does not leave each jury free to set whatever standard they consider appropriate in the circumstances by which to judge whether the defendant's conduct is 'excusable'.

Since the passage of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, the defence of provocation—used in a number of the aforementioned cases—has been replaced with 'loss of control'.

The Law Commission Report on Partial Defences to Murder (2004) rejects the notion of creating a mitigatory defence to cover the use of excessive force in self-defence but accepts that the "all or nothing" effect of self-defence can produce unsatisfactory results in the case of murder.

A 2001 study reported that the use of the provocation defense was rising in cases of battered woman.

Australia
In Australia, self-defence might be considered the most appropriate defence to a charge of murder for a woman who kills to protect her life or the lives of her children in a domestic violence context. It is about the rational act of a person who kills in order to save her (or his) own life. But the lack of success in raising self-defence in Australia for battered women has meant that provocation has been the main focus of the courts. In 2005, based on the Victorian Law Reform Commission's Defences to Homicide: Final Report, the Victorian government announced changes to the homicide laws in that jurisdiction, which are intended to address this perceived imbalance. Under the new laws, victims of family violence will be able to put evidence of their abuse before the court as part of their defence, and argue self-defence even in the absence of an immediate threat, and where the response of killing involved greater force than the threatened harm.

Canada
In 1911 in Sault Ste. Marie, Angelina Napolitano, a 28-year-old, pregnant immigrant, killed her abusive husband Pietro with an axe after he tried to force her into prostitution. She confessed and was sentenced to hang after a brief trial, but during the delay before the sentence was carried out (a delay necessary to allow her to give birth to her child), a public campaign for her release began. Napolitano's supporters argued that the judge in the case had been wrong to throw out evidence of her long-standing abuse at Pietro's hands (including an incident five months before when he stabbed her nine times with a pocket knife). The federal cabinet eventually commuted her sentence to life imprisonment. She was the first woman in Canada to use the battered woman defense on a murder charge.

The Supreme Court of Canada set a precedent for the use of the battered women defence in the 1990 case of R. v. Lavallee.

New Zealand
In R v Fate (1998) 16 CRNZ 88 a woman who had come to New Zealand from the small island of Nanumea, which is part of the Tuvalu Islands, received a two-year sentence for manslaughter by provocation. Mrs. Fate spoke no English and was isolated within a small close-knit Wellington community of 12 families, so she felt trapped in the abusive relationship.

Similarly, The Queen v Epifania Suluape (2002) NZCA 6, deals with a wife who pleaded provocation after she killed her husband with an axe when he proposed to leave her for another woman. There was some evidence of neglect, humiliation, and abuse but the court concluded that this was exaggerated. On appeal, the court was very conscious of the Samoan culture in New Zealand in restricting the power of the wife to act independently of her husband and reduced her sentence for manslaughter to five years.

A report of the New Zealand Law Commission examines not only violence by men against women, but also violence by women against men and in same-sex relationships.

The partial defense of provocation that converted what would otherwise be murder into manslaughter was abolished in 2009 in New Zealand, because the historical reason for its existence (mandatory life sentence for murder) no longer exists. However, the provocative behavior of the victim can be taken into accountant in deciding the length of a murder sentence.

United States
In 1994, as part of the Violence Against Women Act, the United States Congress ordered an investigation into the role of battered woman syndrome expert testimony in the courts to determine its validity and usefulness. In 1997, they published the report of their investigation, titled The Validity and Use of Evidence Concerning Battering and Its Effects in Criminal Trials. "The federal report ultimately rejected all terminology related to the battered woman syndrome...noting that these terms were 'no longer useful or appropriate (Rothenberg, "Social Change", 782). Instead of using the term "battered woman", the terminology "battering and its effects" became acceptable. The decision to change this terminology was based on a changing body of research indicating there is more than one pattern to battering and a more inclusive definition more accurately represented the realities of domestic violence.

Weiand v. State was a landmark Florida Supreme Court case that took place in March 1999. In this historic case, the state's Supreme Court granted Florida citizens the ability to rely upon battered spouse syndrome as a defense in killing their abuser. While the decision is effective for anyone who is in an abusive situation, the majority of people that would take advantage of this defense are women since they are generally abused more than men. In this notable instance of an attempted defense using BWS, Florida resident Kathleen Weiand shot and killed her husband Todd Weiand. She used the battered woman syndrome in her defense and the defense expert agreed that she was suffering from the syndrome. However, the jury rejected her defense and Kathleen was sentenced to 18 years in prison for second degree murder. Kathleen appealed, eventually reaching Florida's Supreme Court who regarded her case as high priority. Ultimately, the Court overturned the ruling, in favor of Kathleen Weiand.

title: Battered woman syndrome


text:
User talk:Ahninjas

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Carrp | Talk 03:22, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Ahninjas