text:
USS Fife

USS Fife (DD-991), a Spruance-class destroyer, was a ship of the United States Navy named for Admiral James Fife, Jr. (1897–1975), a distinguished Submarine Force commander during World War II.

Fife was laid down on 6 March 1978 by Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Mississippi; launched on 1 May 1979; and commissioned on 31 May 1980.

USS Fife was the 29th of the 30 Spruance-class destroyers. Between 27 June and 11 July 2002, Fife was the U.S. Task Group flagship for the Pacific Phase of the annual UNITAS exercise conducted with naval forces from five nations off the coast of Chile. The ship's five-month deployment to the Eastern Pacific Ocean for Counter-Drug Operations and the UNITAS exercise was the final deployment for the destroyer.

Last homeported in Everett, Wash., under the command of CDR Frank Ponds, Fife was decommissioned 28 February 2003, and stricken from the Navy List 6 April 2004. Fife was sunk as a target during a live-fire exercise on 23 August 2005 by USS Russell (DDG-59).

Etymology
USS Fife was named in honor of Admiral James Fife, Jr., a distinguished naval officer. He served in both World War I and World War II in submarines and surface combatants. He served in the battleship USS Idaho (BB-42) and the destroyers USS Leary (DD-158) and USS Hatfield (DD-231) from 1923 until May 1935.

When the U.S. entered World War II, Fife was Chief of Staff of Submarine Squadron 20 in the Philippines (part of the Asiatic Fleet under Admiral T. C. Hart). After the squadron was dissolved into Submarines, Asiatic Fleet, he served as Chief of Staff to Admiral Hart until May 1942. About this time he and Captain J. E. Wilkes were instrumental in identifying several deficiencies of the submarine force, especially the problems with the Mark 14 torpedo. In late 1942 he served with General MacArthur as the representative of Admiral A. S. Carpender during the Buna campaign. Following this he commanded the submarines of Task Force 42 (later Task Force 72) in Brisbane, Australia, where he meticulously planned and directed his submarines' missions. In 1944 Admiral Fife transferred to Admiral King's staff in Washington, D.C. as a war planner.

Admiral Fife was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal for meritorious service as the Chief of Staff to Commander Submarines, Asiatic Fleet, the Air Medal (by the Army), and a Gold Star in lieu of a second Distinguished Service Medal for action in the Pacific area. At the close of 1944 he returned to Australia as Commander, Submarines, Seventh Fleet; Commander, U.S. Naval Forces, Western Australia; and Commander Task Force 71. As a result, he was awarded a Gold Star in lieu of a third Distinguished Service Medal.

From April 1947 until 1950, he commanded the Submarine Force, Atlantic Fleet. This assignment was followed by duty as Assistant Chief, and Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Operations). His final assignment before retirement was as U.S. Naval Commander in Chief, Mediterranean, under Admiral Mountbatten, Royal Navy.

1970s
On 6 March 1978 at the Ingalls Shipbuilding Division of Litton Industries in Pascagoula, Mississippi the keel was laid for USS Fife, the 29th Spruance-class destroyer. Launched on 21 July 1979 and sponsored by Mrs. Nancy Fife Prior, daughter of the ship's namesake Admiral James Fife Jr., the ship was commissioned on 31 May 1980.

Designed for modern antisubmarine warfare and to replace the many retiring World War II-era ships, the Spruance-class destroyer was intended to operate as a multi-mission warship either independently or in company with amphibious or carrier task groups. Powered by gas turbine engines and armed with antisubmarine rockets (ASROC), Harpoon and Sea Sparrow missiles and two 5 in/54 guns, Fife possessed a technical superiority with her advanced SQS-53 sonar and third generation naval tactical data system (NTDS).

1980s
Fife was fitted out at Pascagoula, getting underway on 6 June 1980 heading for the west coast and her assignment to the Pacific Fleet. She arrived in San Diego, California, on 18 June following stops in Cozumel, Mexico and Rodman, Panama. Shakedown system trials and crew training proceeded through the summer when the destroyer's first tasking came suddenly at the end of August. Departing San Diego on 29 August, she quickly steamed north to Alaska to conduct two weeks of surveillance on a Soviet Task Force operating in American waters. Returning to San Diego on 22 September, Fife conducted final weapon system tests and exercises in preparation for her first overseas deployment.

Heading west from San Diego on 5 January 1982, Fife joined several other ships and sailed from Pearl Harbor via Guam to Subic Bay, Philippines. She conducted numerous ASW exercises with the 7th Fleet in the South China Sea before a liberty port in Manila. Exercise "Team Spirit" in South Korea preceded war-at-sea evolutions with three American aircraft carriers as part of "READIEX 82" in April. Another brief stop in Subic Bay in May for upkeep was followed by liberty visits to Hong Kong and Japan before returning to San Diego on 30 June.

1983 deployment
On 20 July 1983 The New York Times reported that the Fife along with seven other vessels in the USS Ranger (CV-61) Battle Group left San Diego on Friday 15 July 1983 and were headed for the western Pacific when they were rerouted and ordered to steam for Central America to conduct training and flight operations in areas off the coasts of Nicaragua, El Salvador and Honduras as part of major military exercises planned for that summer.

Besides the Ranger, the battle group is composed of the cruiser USS Horne (CG-30), the guided missile destroyer USS Lynde McCormick (DDG-8), the destroyers USS Fletcher (DD-992) and Fife, the frigate USS Marvin Shields (FF-1066), the oiler USS Wichita (AOR-1) and the support ship USS Camden (AOE-2).

Fife's second overseas deployment began with "READIEX 83-4." Departing with the USS Ranger battlegroup on 15 July for the Persian Gulf, she alternated carrier escort duties with surveillance operations in the Gulf of Aden. While operating with the Ranger on 17 November, the Soviet guided missile frigate SOVIET FRIGATE Razyashchiy approached the warships in what the US ships saw as a violation of international agreements for preventing collisions at sea. Fife suffered only minor damage from the resulting collision with Razyashchiy. In December, Fife sailed south for a port visit in Mombassa, Kenya. While there, a cyclone passing over Agalega in the Mauritius Islands caused massive destruction. Fife, along with her SH-2F Seasprite helicopter, provided aid transferring food and water ashore. The Fife crew and the Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron, Light 37, Detachment 3 were awarded the Humanitarian Service Medal for their service in aid to the Agalaga inhabitants. During the return trip north, Fife intercepted the Soviet aircraft carrier Novorossiysk and performed a brief period of surveillance before rendezvousing again with the Ranger battlegroup. Relieved by the USS Midway (CV-41) battlegroup in January, the warships turned for home, arriving in San Diego on 29 February 1984.

The following sixteen months were spent preparing for her next overseas deployment, with the warship's time split between local training operations, a series of overhaul periods at Long Beach (where she received new propeller blades, weapons, and electronics), and various propulsion plant inspections and pre-deployment refresher exercises. Following a Harpoon firing exercise in June 1985, the destroyer sailed for the Far East on 24 July. Following a brief stop in Subic Bay, the destroyer continued west through the Strait of Malacca to the Indian Ocean and an exercise with the Republic of Singapore Navy.

The warship suffered its first mishap on 1 September when a CH-46D Sea Knight helicopter (BuNo 151918) lost power on take-off, struck the NATO Sea Sparrow missile mount, leaving the stricken helicopter hanging over the ship's starboard side.

Fife's damage control teams quickly lashed the CH-46 in place and all 16 personnel were rescued without serious injury. The Sea Knight was assigned to Helicopter Combat Support Squadron 11 (HC-11) Det. 6 aboard the combat stores ship USS Mars (AFS-1).

After pulling into Singapore to crane off the damaged helicopter, the warship sailed west to Diego Garcia to receive a new Seasparrow mount. In late September, Fife steamed in the vicinity of Socotra in the Gulf of Aden to conduct surveillance operations against the Soviet Navy, a mission carried out again in the Red Sea during October. After port calls to Mombassa, Kenya, and Victoria, Seychelles, Fife sailed for home on 13 November, arriving in San Diego on 21 December.

The fast pace of operations did not end upon her return. Fife immediately began a hectic series of training evolutions, department inspections, and pre-overhaul preparations. These included the exercise "Kernel Blitz" in April 1986, propulsion exams in May and June and a command inspection in August.

The destroyer then entered Southwest Marine Shipyard for an extensive overhaul, commencing 29 September. During the yard work – which was interrupted in mid-February 1987 by bomb threats made by disgruntled shipyard workers – Fife received numerous mission-expanding upgrades. The AN/SQ-89 sonar suite and the new LAMPS III helicopter system extended Fife's ASW capabilities. The Mk 41 Vertical Launching System (VLS) turned Fife into a Tomahawk cruise missile strike platform. Two Phalanx Close-in Weapon System (CIWS) point defense weapons upgraded her self-defenses, and engineering plant and firefighting system modifications improved her overall war fighting capabilities. Following almost thirteen months of work, the destroyer carried out sea trials in November before returning to San Diego on 14 December.

In 1988, as part of a forward deployment strategy, Fife changed homeports from San Diego to Yokosuka, Japan, arriving there on 31 August. During the first few months as the crew settled into their new home Fife made several short excursions, including an ASW operation in October and port visits to Subic Bay and Hong Kong in November and December 1988.

After a period in dry dock in Yokosuka to repair a crack in her sonar dome, Fife put to sea in March 1989 for surveillance operations against Soviet warships operating out of Vladivostok. On 26 June, while sailing in the South China Sea, Fife spotted a distressed boat of Vietnamese refugees. Fifty-one refugees were rescued from the sinking vessel and provided with medical assistance and other care before being delivered to a United Nations refugee organization in Thailand a week later. The warship conducted a second cruise in the region in July, during which time she rescued another boat of refugees – this time 151 Vietnamese – before conducting exercises with Thai and Australian Navy ships.

Continuing west, Fife sailed to the Persian Gulf and arrived there on 19 September. The warship steamed back east in October and, after a port visit to Fremantle, Australia, she sailed north for Yokosuka. An attempted coup in the Philippines diverted Fife in early December, however, and she stood by for possible contingency operations until the crisis abated. Fife returned to Yokosuka on 11 December.

1990s
Fife began preparations for another Persian Gulf deployment after Iraq invaded Kuwait in August 1990. In addition to pre-deployment workups, Fife successfully passed her Cruise Missile Tactical Qualifications, On 2 October, Fife sailed in company with the USS Midway Battle Group Alpha to the Persian Gulf, arriving there on 2 November. During Operation Desert Shield, Fife helped enforce trade sanctions against Iraq as part of the Maritime Interception Force.

In mid-January 1991, Fife moved to the Persian Gulf in preparation for launching Tomahawks as the U.N. deadline for an Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait approached. On 17 January, Fife launched all 61 missiles against Iraq during Operation Desert Storm; After the last strike was carried out on 31 January, she rendezvoused with the USS Tripoli (LPH-10) and Amphibious Task Group 151.11, spending the next few weeks participating in minesweeping and feint operations in the northern Gulf off Kuwait. Fife provided some assistance to Tripoli and USS Princeton (CG-59) after they suffered mine hits in February. Departing the Persian Gulf on 9 March, the destroyer stopped at Pattaya Beach, Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Subic Bay, before returning to Yokosuka on 17 April.

Departing Japan again on 15 April 1992, Fife made liberty stops at Bali, Indonesia, Singapore, and Phukett, before arriving at Muscat, Oman, on 19 May. After transiting the Straits of Hormuz on 24 May, the warship came under control of the newly established Central Command in the Persian Gulf and helped enforce United Nations sanctions against Iraq. In company with the Independence battle group, Fife sailed for home on 17 September and, following stops at Pattaya Beach and Hong Kong, arrived in Yokosuka on 13 October.

In October, Fife entered Dry Dock 5 at Yokosuka for regular system maintenance and repair.

Work was complete in February 1994. After successful sea trials in early April, Fife got underway on 13 April for an extended post-overhaul cruise into the southern Pacific waters. In May, the destroyer sailed on to Thailand, where she participated in Exercise "Cobra Gold" before returning to Yokosuka on 1 June.

On 4 July 1995 the destroyer USS Fife conducted a five-day port visit to Vladivostok, Russia, during which it celebrate both America's Independence Day and the city's 135th anniversary.

Underway again on 22 August 1995, Fife transited the Straits of Malacca on 30 August and, after catching up to the Independence Battle Group, arrived in Bahrain on 9 September. In a reprise of her last visit, Fife assumed the duties of Ready Strike Platform in the northern Persian Gulf and carried out Maritime Interdiction Operations (MIO) as required. As part of the latter duties, Fife's Visit, Boarding, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) team uncovered thousands of contraband automobile tires and batteries hidden in the Indian-flagged tramp Al Shakeel. This was the largest seizure in months and caused a shift in focus toward smaller ships and dhows previously overlooked. Although the Independence BG departed the area in October, Fife remained on station owing to a shortage of strike platforms in the region. Departing the region on 13 November, Fife steamed for home and arrived in Yokosuka on 7 December, following stops at Phukett and Singapore.

On 6 June, during RIMPAC '96, Fife helped protect Independence during the numerous war-at-sea exercises and attacks by "enemy" surface action groups and submarines. At one point, the Japanese warship Yuugiri accidentally shot down an A-6 Intruder from Independence during a live-fire CIWS exercise. Fife closed the area to help rescue both aviators and recover wreckage for analysis. The ship's crew ended the operation with a port visit in Pearl Harbor, a rare stateside visit for forward deployed naval forces.

During a Bible Study session with crewmembers on 15 December 1996, Captain Tamayo fell into a coma and died while being transported to the Yokosuka Naval Hospital emergency room via the Fife's HSL-51 Detachment TWO helicopter. Hospital Corpsman Chief (HMC) David Taylor and Aviation Warfare Systems Operator Second Class (AW2) Sean Kugler performed CPR on Captain Tamayo both prior to and for the entirety of the 45-minute flight. Unfortunately, Captain Tamayo succumbed to what was later reported to be a brain aneurysm.

Fife returned to Japan in July and departed Japan on 24 February 1997 for her next deployment, this time sailing south for exercises off Australia. After a stop in Guam to refuel, the ship arrived in the Coral Sea on 14 March. There, she joined Australian and other US ships for Exercise "Tandem Thrust '97" – a joint surface warfare evolution. Fife then visited Hobart, Melbourne, and Esperance during a half-circumnavigation of Australia before stopping in Bali for three days of liberty. She moved on to Jakarta, Indonesia, in late April before steaming to Thailand for Exercise "Cobra Gold '97." After a final ASW exercise with the Japanese Navy in June, the warship moored at Yokosuka on 16 July.

Following the ASW Exercise "Sharem 108-2" off Japan in late January 1998, Fife sailed south to Darwin, Australia. Arriving there on 18 February, she participated in the anniversary ceremony of the bombing of Darwin during World War II. After returning home in March, Fife's crew then loaded Tomahawk missiles for transit to Hawaii for maintenance. Her crew also prepared for a shift of homeport from Yokosuka to Everett, Washington. Departing Japan on 9 April, the warship stopped at Pearl Harbor to swap out missiles before steaming to Everett and mooring there on 5 May. After settling into her new homeport, the warship made preparations for her next deployment.

Embarking Helicopter Antisubmarine Squadron Light 49 (HSL 49) with an SH-60 Seahawk helicopter and a Coast Guard boarding team, Fife steamed south to the coast of Mexico on 5 October. There, she tracked suspect vessels and conducted boardings in support of counter-narcotic operations. The warship also coordinated patrols by P-3C Orion and C-130 Hercules aircraft, which helped Mexican counter-narcotic aircraft to force down a suspect aircraft and capture half a ton of cocaine. Fife returned to Everett on 18 December.

2000s
After her return, Fife moved to Bremerton, Washington for restricted availability on 13 October, a period that would last until 10 January 2000. Two weeks later she sailed south to San Diego for pre-deployment training operations. Those were interrupted by search-and-rescue efforts following the crash of Alaska Airlines Flight 261 on 31 January 2000. Departing Everett on 31 March, Fife sailed west to the Persian Gulf via Pearl Harbor and Townsville and Darwin, Australia. She transited the Strait of Hormuz on 19 May and began sanction enforcement operations three days later. The warship departed the Gulf on 2 August and, after stops in Phukett, Singapore, and Hong Kong, she returned once again to Everett on 29 September.

Fife spent the remainder of the year preparing for her upcoming shipyard availability and started 2001 in Todd Shipyard Seattle, where, among other work, she received an upgrade to the Advanced Tomahawk Weapon Control System. She completed her training cycle on 23 October, right after a change of command when Fife's final commanding officer, Commander Fernandez L. Ponds was instated. Fife then headed south on a six-week surge to South America, where she seized 600 pounds of cocaine before returning to homeport on 14 December.

After splitting the winter between Everett and San Diego, Fife geared up for her final deployment. On 20 May 2002, Fife departed from Everett and headed south for six months off the coast of Central and South America. Taking along HSL 47 Detachment 3, as well as a Coast Guard law enforcement detachment (LEDET), Fife began the deployment with a few weeks of counter-narcotics operations, during which time she located a vessel loaded with illegal migrants from Ecuador. The vessel was intercepted and escorted to Guatemala where it was turned over to authorities. In July, Fife embarked Commander, Destroyer Squadron 14, and served as the US Flagship in the Chilean-sponsored UNITAS 43-02 Pacific Phase exercises. A month of training and exercises with five different Central and South American navies culminated in a full-scale three-day war-at-sea exercise.

Upon the conclusion of the UNITAS exercises, Fife participated with the submarine forces of Peru in the Silent Force Exercise (SIFOREX). Through sixteen ASW exercises, Fife demonstrated her ASW prowess, and was not "sunk" by the enemy forces.

Decommissioning and disposal

For the last four months of Fife's final deployment she continued with her counter-narcotic mission. Nine suspected drug smugglers were detained, and over two tons of cocaine were recovered. All told, Fife interdicted over $900 million worth, as well as making the largest bust of illegal shark fin on record – $6.5 million.

Fife returned to Everett on 20 November making preparations for decommissioning. On 28 February 2003, Fife was decommissioned after 22 years of dedicated service to her country.

Fife was stricken from the Navy list on 6 April 2004, and sunk as a target in the Pacific Ocean off Washington on 23 August 2005 by several ships of the United States Third Fleet including the guided-missile destroyer USS Preble (DDG-88) and the guided-missile frigate USS Curts (FFG-38).

Crest
The official crest of USS Fife is highly symbolic of the ship's namesake, Admiral James Fife, Jr. Admiral Fife was an especially distinguished submariner. The dolphins, old maritime symbols, represent his career that included service in both Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during World Wars I and II. The dolphins are adapted from the submarine service badges and signify Admiral Fife's service.

The dolphins also symbolize USS Fife's mission of anti-submarine warfare. The red torpedo alludes to Admiral Fife's submarine command during World War II; the red color denotes his active service during war. The three gold discs on the torpedo represent the three Distinguished Service Medals awarded to Admiral Fife for his exceptional service during the war. The Latin quote reads "Successm Merere Conemur" which translates to "Endeavor to Deserve Success".

The shield
The gold and dark blue of the shield are colors associated with the Navy and symbolize the sea and excellence. The shield is divided into three sections to represent the air, surface, and subsurface environments of naval warfare. The bursting bomb extends into all areas of the shield and signifies the versatility and striking power of USS Fife.

The motto
The ship's motto, "SUCCESSUM MERERE CONEMUR", translates as "ENDEAVOR TO DESERVE SUCCESS".

title: USS Fife


text: Category:Schools in Bristol

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Schools in Bristol


text:
Hudson Stuck

Hudson Stuck (November 4, 1863 – October 10, 1920) was a British native who became an Episcopal priest, social reformer and mountain climber in the United States. With Harry P. Karstens, he co-led the first expedition to successfully climb Denali (Mount McKinley) in June 1913, via the South Summit. He published five books about his years in Alaska. Two memoirs were issued in new editions in 1988, including his account of the ascent of Denali.

Stuck was born in London and graduated from King's College London. He immigrated to the United States in 1885 and lived there for the rest of his life. After working as a cowboy and teacher for several years in Texas, he went to University of the South to study theology. After graduation, he was ordained as an Episcopal priest. Moving to Alaska in 1904, he served as Archdeacon of the Yukon, acting as a missionary for the church and a proponent of "muscular Christianity". He died of pneumonia in Fort Yukon, Alaska.

Early life and education
Stuck was born in Paddington, London, England to James and Jane (Hudson) Stuck. He attended Westbourne Park Public School and King's College London. Yearning for a bigger life, he immigrated to Texas in 1885, where he worked as a cowboy near Junction City. He also taught in one-room schools at Copperas Creek, San Angelo, and San Marcos.

In 1889 he enrolled to study theology at the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee. After completing his studies, Stuck became an Episcopal priest in 1892. He first served a congregation in Cuero, Texas for two years.

He was called to St. Matthew's Cathedral in Dallas in 1894. Two years later, he became dean. He stressed progressive goals in his sermons and regularly published articles related to his causes. There he founded a night school for millworkers, a home for indigent women, and St. Matthew's Children's Home. In 1903 he gained passage in Texas of the first state law against child labor. He regularly preached and wrote against lynching. It was at an all-time high in the South around the turn of the century, which was also the period when state legislatures were passing legislation and constitutions that disfranchised blacks and many poor whites.

Alaska mission
In 1904 Stuck moved to Alaska to serve with Missionary Bishop Peter Trimble Rowe. Under the title Archdeacon of the Yukon and the Arctic, with a territory of 250,000 square miles, Stuck traveled between the scattered parishes and missions by dogsled and boat as well as foot and snowshoe. In his first year, Stuck established a church, mission and hospital at Fairbanks, the new boomtown filling up with miners and associated hangers on. Some staff came from Klondike, where the gold rush had ended. The small hospital treated epidemics of meningitis and typhoid fever, as well as pneumonia common in the North.

In 1905, Rev. Charles E. Betticher, Jr joined Stuck in Alaska as a missionary. They founded numerous missions in the Tanana Valley over the next decade: at Nenana (St. Mark's Mission and Tortella School at Nenana, the school in 1907), St. Barnabas at Chena Native Village, St. Luke's at Salcha, and St. Timothy's at Tanacross (near Tok, formerly known as the Tanana Crossing). All served the Alaska Natives of the region. Tortella School was the only boarding school to serve native children in the Interior of Alaska, and was supported by scholarships and offerings raised by the Episcopal Church. Missionary Anne Cragg Farthing ran the school and was the primary teacher. Her brother was bishop of Toronto, Ontario.

Five hundred miles up the Koyukuk River from its confluence with the Yukon, at its junction with its tributary the Alatna River, in 1907 Stuck founded a mission he called Allakaket (Koyukon for "at the mouth of the Alatna") but others called St. John's in the Woods for the several hundred Indians here. For years Episcopal woman missionaries ran the remote station just above the Arctic Circle, including Deaconess Clara M. Carter and Clara Heintz. The mission served both Koyukon and Iñupiat, who were settled on opposite sides of the river. The latter had come up the Kobuk River from lower areas. Thus the missioners had two Native languages to learn.

To reach the scattered populations of miners and other frontiersmen, Stuck started the Church Periodical Club. Based in Fairbanks, it collected and distributed periodicals to all the missions and to other settlements where Americans gathered. It did not have only church literature, and in some locations, it provided almost the only reading material around.

Stuck traveled each winter more than 1500–2000 miles by dogsled to visit the missions and villages. In 1908, he acquired the launch called The Pelican, a shallow riverboat. He used it on the Yukon River and tributaries to visit the Athabascans in their summer camps, where they fished and hunted. He reported that in twelve seasons' cruises, ranging from i,800 to 5,200 miles each summer, he traveled a total of up to 30,000 miles along the rivers.

Stuck wrote and published five books, memoirs of his times in Alaska, in part to reveal the exploitation of the Alaska Native peoples that he witnessed in his work. Two of Stuck's books were edited by Maxwell Perkins, the legendary Scribner's editor who also edited Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Thomas Wolfe.

Stuck had experience mountain climbing, including having ascended Mount Rainier in Washington state.

Ascent of Denali
Stuck recruited Harry Karstens, a respected guide, to join his expedition. Other members were Walter Harper and Robert G. Tatum, both 21, and two student volunteers from the mission school, John Fredson and Esaias George. They departed from Nenana on March 17, 1913. They reached the summit of Denali on June 7, 1913. Harper, of mixed Alaska Native and Scots descent, reached the summit first. Fredson, then 14, acted as their base camp manager, hunting caribou and Dall sheep to keep them supplied with food.

The party made atmospheric measurements at the peak of the mountain for purposes of determining its elevation. At the summit, their aneroid barometer read 13.175 inches, their boiling-point thermometer read 174.9 degrees, their mercurial barometer read 13.617 inches. The alcohol minimum recording thermometer read 7 °F. These measurements, with others taken at Fort Gibbon and Valdez, were reduced by C. E. Griffin, Topographic Engineer of the United States Geological Survey, to produce an elevation for Denali of 20,384 feet. The precise figure measured by the United States Geological Survey in 2015 is 20,310 feet.

"The tent-pole was used for a moment as a flagstaff while Tatum hoisted a little United States flag he had patiently and skillfully constructed in our camps below out of two silk handkerchiefs and the cover of a sewing-bag. The pole was put to its permanent use. It had already been carved with a suitable inscription, and now a transverse piece, already prepared and fitted, was lashed securely to it and it was planted on one of the little snow turrets of the summit – the sign of our redemption, high above North America."

- from Ascent of Denali, page 105

They also erected a six-foot high cross at the summit.

When the party returned to base camp, Stuck sent a messenger to Fairbanks to announce their success in reaching the peak of the mountain. His achievement was announced on June 21, 1913, by The New York Times and carried nationally.

Stuck was scheduled to go to New York City in October for a General Convention of the Episcopal Church. This gave him another opportunity to talk about the ascent. He was awarded the Back Award of the Royal Geographical Society in 1919.

Later life
Several of the mission churches established by the Episcopal Church in remote areas of the Interior during the early 20th century have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Stuck continued to urge Alaska Native youths in their education, helping arrange scholarships and sponsors for education in the Lower 48. For instance, John Fredson was the first Alaska Native to finish high school and graduate from college. Sponsored by Stuck and the Episcopal Church, he went to the University of the South in Tennessee. After returning to Alaska, he developed as a Gwich'in leader. In 1941 he gained federal recognition of the Venetie Indian Reserve to protect his people's traditional territory. Walter Harper was accepted at medical school in Philadelphia, but died en route when his ship sank off the coast of Alaska.

Stuck worked as a priest in Alaska for the rest of his life, serving both Alaska Natives and American settlers. Like many other missionaries, he never married. He died of pneumonia in Fort Yukon. By his request, he was buried in the native cemetery there.

Legacy and honors

 * A memorial service was conducted at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City in his honor.

Books

 * Voyages on the Yukon and its Tributaries. 1917.
 * A Winter Circuit of Our Arctic Coast. 1920.
 * A Winter Circuit of Our Arctic Coast. 1920.

title: Hudson Stuck


text:
Talk:Nishan-e-Haider

Category
Category: OPERATIONAL (Awarded to members of the Armed Forces during times of conflict.) Defination: It is the highest gallantry award and is the senior most among civil and military awards. It is admissible to all ranks for acts of heroism/ conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme danger or devotion to the country in the presence of the enemy on land, at sea or in the air.

Please note the officialily Nishan-e-Haidert is not conditional to the sex (male or female) and either the person nominated for this award (Ghazi) live or martyred (Shaheed).

Ali
Zora, You can see all what Striver wrote here below. Also User:Zaidiwaqas is the one who introduced this. He is Pakistani and he should know best. I worte him. Let us wait for his response. For now It is strongly believed that way. Until you can prove otherwise than we will remove it. I advise you to calm down a little. Maybe you are putting too much efforts. I really apprecite your efforst since you look like a very good editor. But please be nice to Striver. We do not want to lose him becasue of you. 129. 04:06, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

As I said I do not want to get in revert wars. I iwll wait for User:Zaidiwaqas answer before I proceed with reverts in thsi article. Although all indications show that you are not right by reverting. I still do not understand your sensitivity to Haydar's name. 129. 05:20, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Zora: ''Not established that Pakistan's top military award "honors Ali" -- that seems unlikely

 * ''rv -- Haidar means lion; Ali may be called a lion, but that doesn't mean every "haidar" is Ali

Shi'a ask:
 * ''QUESTION 10
 * ''Nishan -Haidar is given to the persons who loose his life for his country and do a great work for Pakistan. This neshaan(sign) is on Ali name. Can the sunni's tell me any Sign of this type in any country of Muslim Umma?

Sunni anwers:
 * ''i dont know what you mean in here. i dont know if other countries have this nishaan. but the nishan e haider is given for bravery in the battlefield and it represent the bravery of hazrat ali (ra), surely he were asadullah (lion of allah swt)

http://www.shiachat.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=60863

--Striver 00:47, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Now it was to be done that colonial ringleader--United States by taking lesson from it would cause to stop the repression and atrocities of Hindus and Zionist against Muslim people and oppressed nations besides stretching the hand of intimacy in order to ensure world peace but it didn't do so and is busy in preparations of making incursion on the whole world in general and Islamic world in particular by considering a person the terrorist with out any contemplation. And for this purpose, is spending all its energies, which is complete injustice and oppression. But according to

modesty of OIC was to be awakened but it has adopted meaningful silence which is condemnable. In fact devil has gripes of Pakistan's being the 'Fort of Islam' and 'Atomic Power' because all oppressed nations and Muslim people consider Pakistan their last prop. At present military leadership which greatest award is 'Nishan-e-Haider', is ruling the country so it should with Zarb-e-Haidery (Haidery strike) and Jur'at-e-Haidery (Haidery Courage) foil each and every conspiracy and mischief of United States--today's 'Marhab-e-Antir'. If this would not be done the achievement of the rights of oppressed nations and Muslim people would become very difficult.

We on the auspicious occasion of 3-day of Jashan-e-Murtazawi' pledge to follow this saying of Ameer al Momineen Ali Ibne Abi Talib (A.S):

'Be the enemy of oppressor and supporters of oppressed'.

Khakpa'e Ahle Islam Agha Syed Hamid Ali shah Moosavi Chief of Tehreik Nafaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafariya, Pakistan. (TNFJ)

http://www.tnfj.org.pk/jashnemurtazawimessage.htm

--Striver 02:16, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

He made it clear that Nishan-e-Haider is the biggest award for bravery in Pakistan, therefore every Pakistani in general, and the armed forces of Pakistan in particular are under the obligation to be commensurate with every aspect of the personality of Maula-e-Kainaat Hazrat Ali (A.S.) whose words should be written in golden words in which he has said: I, Ali, is not bothered whether death comes on me or I jump on death, I love death more than the love a child keeps with mother’s milk.

http://www.tnfj.org/sec/rnd85.htm

--Striver 02:20, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Fuzair,

Haidar is one of the famous titles [laqab pl. ilqaab] of Hazrat 'Ali ibn Abi Talib karam Allah wajhu'l karim, the son-in law of The Beloved Prophet and the fourth of the Righteous Khalifahs and the Amir of the Muslims and the Imam of Walayat. He is famous for his valour and bravery and was given the title of "Asad Ullah al Ghalib" by The Prophet of Allah (sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam) which means "The Victorious Lion of God".

Thus he has come to be identified with valour and the utmost acts of bravery and so the highest Pakistani medal is named after him, "The nishan [sign] of Haidar." i.e. the person who wins the nishan e Haidar has shown signs of extraordinary courage reminiscent of Hazrat Haidar e Karar himself [alayhisalam]. In fact he was known by this name of Haidar in his own lifetime. May Allah send his blessings on this great Imam and make us his devotees till the Day of Judgement.

All true Muslims love Hazrat Ali. I am a Sunni but I have no problems in saying with pride:

Ali Imam e man ast o manam ghulam i Ali

Hazar jan i girami fida ba naam i Ali!

Haydari-am, Qalandar-am mast-am

Banda-i- Murtaza Ali hast-am!

That is why the highest honour is pakistan is named after Imam Ali and called nishan-e-Haidar.

Hope that helps.

--Striver 02:25, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Insistence on placing the Ali material
Zaidiwaqas may be a Pakistani, but he's also a Shi'a. Quotes from people in chat rooms are no evidence for public policy. You guys may be right. But given that it's the Shi'a editors pushing this, and given behavior I've seen in the past, I would like some indication that the Pakistani government says outright that this award honors Ali. Zora 04:36, 20 February 2006 (UTC)
 * The medal does in fact take its name from an Ali, just not the caliph. Rather, Ali Haider, an eighteenth century military hero. I have removed the Ali ibn Ali Talib claim and added the now verifiable fact. Pepsidrinka 19:02, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Good jobb! I applaud taking action and finding the truth, instead of whining "i dont care, you are Shi'a and hence you can stuff it". I hope other learn from your example. --Striver 22:43, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Nishan-e-Hayder refers Imam Ali
As clear from discussion by my Sunni bro Fuzair above, i again repeat my comments.

NISHAN-E-HAYDER un-doubtfully refers Imam Ali.

Imam Ali is respectable in both two largest sects of Islam. Shais & Sunni. I am Shia and a proud Pakistani and so this does not mean that i am misguiding public by attributing something wrong with Imam Ali.

As far as Zora statements of any Governement website verifying this, so there is no official website descrbing medals over here. The website describing medals by soem Edward Haynes is wrongly describing that Nishan-e-Hayder belongs to Ali Haider. This info is very common over here that Nishan-e-Hayder refers to emblem of Imam Ali. Even we Pakistanis from our primary classes are being taught in our text book that Nishan-e-Hayder refers to Imam Ali.

Also Pakistani Forces on the national day repeats Slogan.

Slogan: (By one of the Soldier) Naraye-Haidery

Answer by all Soldiers. Ya Ali.

This Ali is Imam Ali. Ask anyone.

I would like to add one more statement that the medal is star shaped. STAR refers Muhammad, Ali, Fatima binte Muhammad, Hasan ibn Ali, Husayn (the Panjeetans).

Zaidi 17:24, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I find all this hard to believe. Pakistan is predominantly Sunni, and is currently heavily influenced by Deobandi/Wahabi/Islamist/jihadi types who have been killing Shi'a. Are they going to be yelling Ya Ali?
 * I doubt it.
 * As for the star-shaped nonsense -- medals the world over are star-shaped, and have nothing to do with the Ahlul Bayt. Assertions like this do not inspire trust. Zora 01:46, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Epithet of Ali
The web page you guys keep citing says that the medal is named after Haider Ali and adds in parentheses that Haider is an epithet of Ali. Since Haider Naik was named Haider before he renamed himself Haider Ali, all you can say is that Haider took his second name in honor of Ali. The first he already had. The fact that the medal honors Haider Ali and Haider Ali honored Ali ibn Abi Talib doesn't mean that the medal honors Ali! The "honoring" is not transitive. Someone could name a medal after me for my achievements (the Zora Medal for sitting in a chair typing) and I personally honor the Jewish philospher Spinoza (among others), but that does not therefore mean that the Zora Medal honors Spinoza. Zora 00:49, 8 March 2006 (UTC)
 * A Zora medal. What's next, pigs flying?  Pepsidrinka 00:58, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

Zora medal will be awarded the medal in due time when she removes the anger blindfold that is blinding her from seeing the pigs flying:). Zora I do not understand why you are going so far in your anger against everything coming from Striver. It looks like you even do not read the links. so I am copying from the website.

 * Pakistani military awards for gallantry ‘in the face of the enemy’ include four decorations. The highest award, Nishan-i-Haider (Haider being an epithet of the gallant Muslim Caliph Ali) is an order in itself, while there are three classes in the order of Jur’at (Valour):

 * (a) Nishan-i-Haider (Emblem of Haider). Awarded ‘to those who have performed acts of greatest heroism or most conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme danger and have shown bravery of the highest order or devotion to the country, in the presence of the enemy on land, at sea or in the air.’ (Conferrable on all ranks.)

Notice that here they used the word epithet but mistakenly did not say Haydar-el-Karrar they only mentioned his real name Haidar that is given to him by his mother.

As to Haidar Nayk changing his name to Haidar Ali just read the article in wikipedia and the references therein.

You also seem to have broken the link to ref 2 to go to ref 1 in the main article of Nishan-E-Haider. Zora, please calm down, take a deep breath, drink water, take a break and befriend Striver:) The Peace WorshipperTalk to TPW129. 17:51, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Imam Ali said "Between hearing and watching there is a difference of three fingers (eyes and ears)". So please what u read in newspaper just dont accept it as sole fact. i accept that pakistan is influenced with Sunni Islam, but to your information there are 25 percentage of Shias present over here. And 25% of population consisting of 162419946 people means 40604986. 40 million. not a joke.? we are present over here with full rights to observe our religion and with full liberty. terrorism do happens over here in the shape of bomb blast but is equally condemn by all the sects. Zaidi 21:27, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

 * About Pakistani military yelling YA ALI, there is a hisory with miracles over here. Not long before, during 1968 war with neighbor country a sword (tailed comet) appeared over the sky of Lahore. Everyone named it Zulfiqar. (Sword of Imam ALI). On the second day Pak Army outclassed enemies. Zaidi 21:27, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Zaidi, now you're seeing Shi'a omens in the sky and asserting that God intervenes in support of Pakistan. How are we to trust anything you report? Zora 23:42, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Hello One mistake in thew page is that Captain Sarwar SHaheed is considered to be from Gujarat which is totally wrong. He was from Gujarkhan village singhori where he is buried. There is a Govt Raja Sarwar SHeehed college in gujarkhan in his memory! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.255.101.58 (talk) 15:46, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

need for info
Hi, I am looking for more info on this one :-

"After the 1971 war, Lt Col B P Airy, then the Commanding Officer of 3 Grenadiers beat back seven counter attacks by the Pakistani Army. The seventh and the last attack was launched by the Commanding Officer of the Pakistani unit, who fought like a tiger. Col Airy, who later retired as Lt General in the Army saw the gallantry of his Pakistani adversary."

Can someone cite the name of the Army officer?Feel free to add this here or message me on my user page. TIA!

Armybrat (talk) 15:36, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

I need to know that A ghazi (live) can avail or get this award of nishan e haider????????????? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 110.37.61.175 (talk) 15:49, 31 August 2010 (UTC)

File:Nishan e Haider Holder.JPG Nominated for speedy Deletion
Question: What is paid to the recipient of Nishan-i-Haider? (i.e land & cash etc ?) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 175.107.9.78 (talk) 05:05, 12 November 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nishan-e-Haider


text:
Ann Shipley

Marie Ann Shipley (April 8, 1899 – March 22, 1981) was a Canadian politician.

Biography
Born in Lawrence Station in Southwold, Ontario, she moved to Ottawa when she was 12, attended country school, Osgood Public School. She was then educated at Ottawa's Lisgar Collegiate and married Dr. Manley Adair Shipley.

Municipal politics
Shipley and her husband, Dr. Manley Shipley, settled in Kirkland Lake in 1928 where she was an administrative secretary for the Kirkland District Mines Medical Plans. For two years, she was an administrator of the public school board. As a result of contradictory sources, the year of Dr. Shipley's death is not definitive but occurred between 1940 and 1942.

From 1943 to 1952, she was reeve of Teck Township. Shipley was president of the Association of Municipalities of Ontario, in 1951.

After Shipley's term in 1952, she left her position in municipal politics. Shipley was a member within multiple organizations such as the Children's Aid Society, the Victorian Order of Nurses, the Hospital Board and the Red Cross Society, the Royal Canadian Legion, the Association of Canadian Travellers, the Girl Guides and the Business and Professional Women's Club. She was Protestant, and a member of the Young Women's Christian Association.

On January 28, 1953, the Township of Teck hosted a testimonial dinner in honour of Shipley's ongoing presence in the several organizations she has helped. The dinner consisted of "Approximately 200 citizens of the town [...] representing some 85 organizations" there to support and recognize her contributions to the community. She was also the administrator of the Canadian Federation of Municipalities and Mayors.

Member of Parliament
In August 1953, she joined the second administration of Louis St. Laurent and the 22nd Canadian Parliament as the Liberal Party Member of Parliament from the northeastern Ontario riding of Timiskaming.

In 1955, she became the first woman to move acceptance in the House of Commons of a Speech from the Throne.

Shipley ran for re-election in 1957, and lost her seat to Arnold Peters. She soldiered on and contested the seat again (unsuccessfully) for the 25th Canadian Parliament in 1963 before finally retiring from public life.

title: Ann Shipley


text:
1931 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1931 Atlantic hurricane season was an active hurricane season, with a total of 13 storms recorded, which was the most since 1916. However, only three of them intensified into hurricanes and just one reached major hurricane intensity, which is Category 3 or higher on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson scale. Nine of the tropical cyclones were identified in real-time, while evidence of the existence of four other tropical cyclones was uncovered by the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project in 2012 and added to the Atlantic hurricane database. Additionally, two of the tropical storms were upgraded to hurricane status as part of the reanalysis.

Overall, the first four tropical cyclones left mostly minor impact on land. In early September, the fifth system caused severe flooding in Puerto Rico, leaving considerable damage to sugarcane crops and causing at least 30 deaths. Just days later, the British Honduras hurricane formed in the Caribbean Sea. The most intense tropical cyclone of the season, it peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h). Striking British Honduras, now Belize, at peak intensity, the hurricane caused about 2,500 deaths and about $7.5 million (1931 USD) in damage there. It remains the deadliest hurricane in the history of Belize. The next hurricane caused significant damage in Puerto Rico and resulted in at least two fatalities. The remaining six tropical cyclones left little to no impacts on land.

Season summary
Tropical cyclogenesis began in late June, with a system developing over the western Caribbean Sea on June 24. The storm struck Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula and Texas before dissipating on June 28. In July, a cyclone also developed over the western Caribbean and struck the Yucatan Peninsula and Louisiana. August was slightly more active, featuring two tropical systems. Four cyclones originated in the month of September, including all of the season's three hurricanes. The sixth system, also known as the British Honduras hurricane, developed over the southeastern Caribbean on September 6. It became the most intense cyclone of the season, peaking as a Category 4 hurricane on the modern day Saffir–Simpson scale with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h). The hurricane made landfall in Belize at peak intensity on September 10. In October, two additional cyclones formed, though both remained well under hurricane intensity. The season's final three tropical cyclones developed in the month of November, with the last dissipating near the Bahamas on November 25.

A total of thirteen tropical cyclones developed, the most since 1916, though many remained weak, with only three intensifying into a hurricane. Only one system, the British Honduras hurricane, reached major hurricane status, which is Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale. Most of the storms also impacted land, but few left deaths or inflicted serious damage. Six of the systems made landfall or moved across the Yucatán Peninsula. Overall, the tropical cyclones of the season collectively resulted in $7.6 million in damage and approximately 2,533 deaths, with the vast majority of the destruction being caused by the British Honduras hurricane.

The season's total activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 48, far below the 1931–1943 average of 91.2, even though the season featured the highest number of tropical storms since 1916. In contrast, the previous season had an ACE value of 50, despite having 10 fewer tropical storms than the 1931 season. ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here.

Tropical Storm One
Around 12:00 UTC on June 24, the season's first tropical cyclone developed just offshore the Yucatán Peninsula. It moved slowly north and intensified into a tropical storm six hours later in accordance with data from a nearby ship. After attaining peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) early on June 25, the storm struck the Yucatán Peninsula and subsequently emerged into the Gulf of Mexico. It did not intensify while over water, instead making a second landfall on the southern Texas coast at 22:00 UTC on June 27, with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). The system weakened to a tropical depression eight hours later, dissipating over southern Texas after 18:00 UTC on June 28.

High tides in Boca Chica Village, Texas, in advance of the storm swept over a highway and bridge. Officials undertook evacuations along the coastline. Localized but significant rainfall fell across South Texas, maximized at 12.6 in in Runno, inundating some streets in Corpus Christi to a depth of 2 –. Winds there peaked at 39 mph (63 km/h). Rising creeks and rivers throughout Kleburg County inundated the cotton and feed crops, and farther west in Hebbronville, hundreds of acres of land were flooded. Rising water along the Texas Mexican Railway inundated some tracks, delaying trains for several hours.

Tropical Storm Two
Another tropical depression formed in the western Caribbean around 06:00 UTC on July 11, this time about 75 mi (120 km) northeast of the Honduras–Nicaragua border. It moved west-northwest without development, striking near Chetumal, Quintana Roo, late on July 12 as a tropical depression. As the cyclone progressed across the Yucatán Peninsula, it developed into a tropical storm early the next day as supported by surface observations. The storm banked north once in the Gulf of Mexico and attained peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) late on July 14, based on observations from a ship. However, it remains possible that the storm briefly intensified into a hurricane. Some weakening occurred before the system made landfall along the coastline of central Louisiana with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). The cyclone moved north-northwest, weakening to a tropical depression on July 16 and ultimately dissipating south of Tulsa, Oklahoma, after 06:00 UTC the following morning.

The storm caused marginal damage to the Louisiana coast, snapping some trees and flooding some streets following about 4 in of rain. At Frenier, a small town along the western coast of Lake Pontchartrain, 100 head of cattle were lost to storm surge. The rough surf atop the 6 ft tide generated along the Mississippi coast damaged some piers and sank several small boats. In the Bay St. Louis area, telephone and telegraph connections were severed by the storm. A boxcar traversing the Illinois Central Railroad at Gulfport was derailed into the sea after part of the track was impacted by storm surge. Further west, the cyclone enhanced the high tide at Caplen, Texas and Gilchrist, Texas, resulting in the evacuation of a hundred people.

Tropical Storm Three
A tropical depression developed between Saint Vincent and Saint Lucia around 18:00 UTC on August 10. It intensified into a tropical storm twelve hours later. As the cyclone turned to the west from the west-northwest, it continued to intensify, reaching maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) late on August 12. It made landfall a short distance south of Belize City, Belize, around 20:00 UTC on August 15 with slightly weaker winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). While the system fell to tropical depression intensity while over land, it intensified into a tropical storm over the Bay of Campeche early on August 17, regaining peak strength as it made landfall north of Veracruz, Veracruz, just after 12:00 UTC on August 18. The cyclone quickly weakened once inland and dissipated after 00:00 UTC on August 19.

While land stations in Mexico did not observe gale force winds, the Honduran steamship Morazan recorded sustained winds of 46 mph while stationed at the harbor in Frontera, Tabasco. After the cyclone emerged into the Gulf of Mexico, several ports in the state of Veracruz closed to boat traffic in anticipation of the storm.

Tropical Storm Four
A tropical depression developed about 70 miles (110 km) north of Barbados around 06:00 UTC on August 16. It moved northwest through the Leeward Islands over the next few hours. While officially recognized as a tropical storm beginning at 06:00 UTC the next morning, there are no conclusive indications that the system ever attained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h); the lack of substantive evidence simply prevented a downgrade during the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project. Nevertheless, the weak cyclone progressed through the U.S. Virgin Islands and into the southwestern Atlantic, where it fell to tropical depression intensity early on August 18. The cyclone curved to the north-northeast and dissipated after 06:00 UTC on August 21.

A station at the Dominica Botanical Gardens in Roseau, Dominica, recorded 5.4 in of rainfall, accompanied by gusty, albeit non-damaging winds. The storm generated abnormally high tides in New Jersey. At Atlantic City, about 150 people were caught in the undertows, with 1 death occurring, 4 others suffering serious injuries, and 1 person missing.

Tropical Storm Five
As part of the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project, a previously unidentified tropical cyclone was found to have developed just north of the Leeward Islands by 00:00 UTC on September 1, although this could have occurred sooner. It moved nearly due west throughout its lifespan, intensifying to a tropical storm early on September 3 and making landfall along the coastline of northeastern Hispaniola around 14:00 UTC that day with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). Weakening ensued over the island, and the system degenerated into an open trough after 00:00 UTC on September 4. The remnants of the cyclone were later absorbed by a frontal system off the U.S. East Coast after September 9.

Downpours associated with the system caused a flood disaster in Puerto Rico. According to reports, up to 3.28 in in 24 hours caused many rivers to overflow their banks. The normally dry Portugués River was transformed into a torrent of water that carried many small houses and huts downstream, crashing them into a bridge leading to the harbor front in Ponce. There, 90 houses were destroyed and an additional 120 were damaged; this included the Residencia Jacobo Cabassa, considered one of the finest buildings on the island. The flood, in conjunction with landslides, caused significant damage to roads and bridges. Adjacent to Ponce, the Río Inabón caused damage to warehouses. Considerable loss was imposed upon the growing sugarcane crop in Puerto Rico's valleys. Initial reports feared up to 200 people were killed. In the immediate wake of the storm, 30 bodies were recovered, though swollen rivers prevented access to hard-hit locations and that number was expected to increase. Governor Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ordered all government departments to assist in search and rescue, while the Red Cross cared for 250 homeless in Ponce.

Hurricane Six
A tropical wave emerged from Africa on August 28. The wave may have developed into a tropical cyclone over the eastern Atlantic at the end of August, though evidence is inconclusive. Given the absence of abundant evidence beforehand, a tropical depression is assessed to have developed about 65 miles (100 km) west of Grenada by 18:00 UTC on September 6. The system moved west-northwest through the Caribbean, becoming a tropical storm six hours after formation and a hurricane late on September 8. Still intensifying, it reached peak strength as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 130 mph (215 km/h) before making a devastating landfall around Belize City, Belize, at 20:00 UTC on September 10. It fell to tropical storm intensity before crossing the Bay of Campeche, where its exact intensity is unknown given sparse data. The system ultimately made landfall north of Tampico, Tamaulipas, early on September 13 as a minimal tropical storm. It weakened to a tropical depression shortly after moving inaldn and dissipated after 12:00 UTC that day.

The approach of the hurricane in Belize coincided with celebrations for the Battle of St. George's Caye. Local residents gathered in the street and were apathetic to the cyclone, both because warnings from U.S. ships in the region may have been withheld, and because residents believed local reefs would stunt the impact of any approaching storm. St. George's Caye was reportedly left in ruin. Upon landfall on the mainland, the system delivered winds up to 132 mph (212 km/h) and a large storm surge in Belize City, inundating streets to a depth of 5 –. Seventy percent of the city was destroyed, including all properties on six streets being completely washed away. All agricultural plantations within the vicinity of Belize City, as well as along the Belize River, were razed. The mouth of the Belize River was obstructed by the wreckage of numerous small boats, including six schooners and a 200 t dredge. Overall, damage throughout Belize was estimated at $7.5 million. The storm killed approximately 2,500 people, signifying the deadliest hurricane on record in Belize and one of the deadliest on record in the Atlantic basin.

Hurricane Seven
A tropical storm was first noted about 455 miles (730 km) northeast of Barbados around 18:00 UTC on September 8. It intensified on a west-northwest course, becoming a hurricane early on September 10 prior to moving through the U.S. Virgin Islands. The hurricane continued into Puerto Rico – making landfall on the north coast of the island on September 11 – defying initial projections that it would pass safely north. Early on September 12, the storm struck near Punta Cana, Dominican Republic as a minimal hurricane. The cyclone weakened to a tropical storm as it moved south of due west across Haiti, Jamaica, and the western Caribbean. At 19:00 UTC on September 14, it made another landfall north of Belize's border with the Yucatán Peninsula as a strong tropical storm. The cyclone emerged into the Bay of Campeche and quickly strengthened to its peak as a Category 2 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph (160 km/h), making a final landfall just east of Veracruz, Veracruz, at 06:00 UTC on September 16 at that intensity. It rapidly weakened once inland and dissipated after 18:00 UTC.

As the system traversed the Caribbean Islands, it produced maximum winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) on St. Thomas. Due to its small stature, damage in Puerto Rico was mainly confined to the San Juan district, and in fact, many residents across the island were unaware a hurricane had occurred. A total of 200 homes were unroofed in the hardest-hit areas, and flooding from the previous disaster just days earlier was exacerbated. The home of the governor sustained water damage. Fruit, coffee, grapefruit, and coconut districts were most severely impacted, though the coffee suffered only minor losses. At least two people were killed. In the immediate wake of the storm, motorcycle police reported a number of people drowned, but no concrete figure was given. Along the coastline, small craft were pushed onshore. The Spanish training ship Juan Sebastián de Elcano dumped 2,500 cases of garlic into the San Juan Harbor and suffered two small holes through her plates after being battered by the storm. The steamer Cerrito was swept onto a reef as well. Two people were hurt in vessels along the coast, including one who sustained a broken ship while being knocked into a ship's railing. Eight people were injured in total, including the head of the Weather Bureau who fell from an anemometer tower during a lull in the cyclone. Communication lines were severed across Puerto Rico. In the neighboring Dominican Republic, Pan-American Airways reported that the Santo Domingo power plant was disabled. In Mexico, the strongest wind speed recorded during the storm's first landfall was 51 mph at Chetumal, Quintana Roo. The city of Veracruz observed winds of 95 mph. The hurricane unroofed many homes and toppled a number of trees, while warehouses and docks were demolished. Numerous ships sank in the Veracruz harbor. Damage in the city exceeded $100,000. Strong winds knocked out communications at Alvarado and Boca del Río.

Hurricane Eight
A tropical depression formed about 635 miles (1,020 km) northeast of the Leeward Islands around 06:00 UTC on September 23. The cyclone maintained a general northward heading throughout its duration. Peripheral data from nearby ships indicate it attained tropical storm intensity early on September 24 and gradually strengthened to a Category 1 hurricane four days later, with peak winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). A gradual weakening trend ensued thereafter, and the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone around 00:00 UTC on September 28 while to the southeast of Newfoundland. The post-tropical low turned northeast and persisted for a little over a day before it was absorbed by a front or dissipated.

Tropical Storm Nine
Another tropical cyclone was discovered as a part of the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project. A tropical depression, which may have originated from a decaying frontal boundary, formed north of Cat Island in the Bahamas around 12:00 UTC on October 13. The cyclone moved west-northwest through the northern archipelago islands but failed to reach tropical storm intensity until early on October 15, when it had curved northeast away from the Bahamas. The broad system attained peak winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone and combining with a nearby low by 12:00 UTC on October 16 to the west of Bermuda.

Tropical Storm Ten
A broad trough or area of low pressure persisted in the western Caribbean Sea for a few days before organizing into a tropical depression north of Honduras around 12:00 UTC on October 18. It intensified into a tropical storm six hours later while moving northeast. The cyclone made landfall in central Cuba at 18:00 UTC on October 19 with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h); these winds mark its peak intensity as a tropical storm. After crossing Cuba, it continued through the Bahamas and into the western Atlantic, where it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone southwest of Bermuda by 00:00 UTC on October 21. The post-tropical low acquired peak winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) before dissipating east of Bermuda after 18:00 UTC the next day.

Tropical Storm Eleven
Yet another tropical cyclone identified in the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project began as a tropical depression north of the Honduras–Nicaragua border around 12:00 UTC on November 1. It intensified into a tropical storm early the next day and later attained maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h). For most of its duration, these winds were located 85–230 miles (135–370 km) from the center, suggesting the storm displayed some characteristics of a subtropical cyclone. After reaching its peak, the system began a gradual weakening trend and meandered over the western Caribbean Sea. It dissipated north of Honduras after 18:00 UTC on November 5.

Tropical Storm Twelve
Another previously undocumented tropical cyclone began as an area of low pressure that persisted over the southwestern Caribbean Sea for several days in early November. It organized into a tropical depression by 12:00 UTC on November 11 and strengthened to a tropical storm early the next day. The system curved toward the north-northwest, narrowly avoiding Honduras and Nicaragua, but banked back toward the west-northwest thereafter and attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). The cyclone did not further strengthen in the western Caribbean, instead making landfall near Chetumal around 04:00 UTC on November 16 as a minimal tropical storm. It weakened over the Yucatán Peninsula and emerged into the Bay of Campeche, where the storm lost its closed circulation and dissipated after 18:00 UTC on November 16.

Tropical Storm Thirteen
The season's final system was first identified as a tropical storm north of the Leeward Islands around 06:00 UTC on November 22. Stormy weather was recorded on Antigua, and on Saint Lucia, a high tide coupled with 3.5 inches (89 mm) of rain in three hours flooded one building. The storm traveled west-northwest for two days before curving southwest, reaching peak winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) while doing so. Turning southwestward, the system weakened on approach to the Bahamas and dissipated after 18:00 UTC on November 25 to the northeast of Little Abaco Island. As part of the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project, it was noted that this system may have been a subtropical cyclone for a portion of its duration.

Season effects
The following table lists all of the storms that formed in the 1931 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, areas affected, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals from the storm's precursor and its remnants, and all of the damage figures are in 1931 USD.

title: 1931 Atlantic hurricane season


text:
Talk:Honda VFR800

ABS?
Was ABS available before 2002 model year? I don't think it was in the US market, at least.

If not, then perhaps we can push mention of ABS down to the 6th-gen paragraph.

 * It wasn't available with ABS on the 5th Gen in the UK, the big tech jump was the linked braking. FabreFaction 08:11, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

Revert "Interceptor" headline
The VFR is marketed by Honda as the "Interceptor" in the US, and actually had that name back in the early 80's as well. I reverted the changes to the headline and just put a slash, because frankly, few people in the US call it the "Interceptor" anyway. The Honda CBR used to be the the "Hurricane" if anybody remembers that :) The headline edited by the anon IP 82.34.102.225 was oddly worded in my opinion, making a big distinction where little is necessary. --Sirimiri 03:35, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

remove POV phrasing
There were unverified/NPOV bits in the article, such as "handling described by some as impeccably neutral" etc. etc. Such catagorical statments need citation from a reputable source. I don't like Ducatis because of personal prejudice, but I'm not going to put "Some are turned off by the high price of ownership of a Ducati motorcycle" because that would be unsubstantiated POV language. "Buzz" and opinions from enthusiast forums are not an acceptable source for any encyclopedia. --Sirimiri 03:41, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

 * 18 years later the text "handling described by some as impeccably neutral" is probably taken from the Haynes manual. Arrivisto (talk) 16:25, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

English Spec added (3/15/07)
By an US VFR800 owner :) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 64.174.7.191 (talk) 21:27, 15 March 2007 (UTC).

Frivolous wording
removed "which was preceded by the VF750, a machine with camshafts prone to failure. Accordingly, the VFR750F motor was stoutly engineered with gear-driven camshafts to salvage Hondas reputation and ensure such failures did not reoccur." in opening paragraph, has nothing to do with the 5th/6th-gen. Windsor (talk) 00:41, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

Is the RC79 generation still in production?
Can anyone confirm that the RC79 is still in production worldwide? Honda seem to be a bit secretive about that. They've listed the Interceptor on their US webpage, though it only goes up to model year 2015. On their UK page, the model only goes up to model year 2014. Are they just trying to sell all remaining units at their dealerships, as they've cancelled production for this bike? If so, either let me know or update the article accordingly. Yanko Malinov (talk) 16:52, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

Not "longer stroke"
The paragraph introducing the VFR800i says that compared to the "carbureted VFR750F engine, the VFR800 engine was a detuned and longer-stroke power plant". On the published data, the 750 engines has a 48.6mm stroke, but the 800's is shorter at 48mm, while the 800 has a wider bore of 72mm (compared to the 750's stroke of 70mm). It follows that the 800 is thus more oversquare and is NOT "longer stroke". I will edit the entry accordingly. Arrivisto (talk) 14:52, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

 * On a careful re-reading, I realise that the writer was saying the VFR800i was longer in stroke than the RC45 (not the standard VFR750). I've left that text untouched, but have added a preliminary sentence to clarify. Arrivisto (talk) 16:15, 22 April 2024 (UTC)
 * It's good to see the article getting some attention again. ☆ Bri (talk) 16:42, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Honda VFR800


text:
Talk:Portable toilet

Old comments from 2005 and 2006
I object to the assertion that porta-pottys "do not overflow". From unfortunate experience I can confirm that it IS possible to fill a porta-potty to overflowing.

We have portajohns at my deployed base with both toilet paper and/or hand gel dispensers, but you're right, saying "most" have them is definitely not accurate. is it sandycan or sannycan anyway Thehappysmith 08:47, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The photo caption is correct in its implication that overturning a port-a-john is considered strongly unacceptable behavior; is there any way to say so using NPOV language? ShawnVW 17:23, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
 * The photo has been changed, but perhaps something about overturning port-a-johns could still be said in the article?--Koeppen 00:25, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Proposed article on portable toilet chemicals
I believe that someone should add an article to the portable toilet page on chemicals, I know that in most states a formaldehyde based chemical is used and is very effective at smell reduction. In California environmental laws prohibit the use of such chemicals so an environmentally friendly enzyme designed to decompose waste is used with varying results.

Proposed Portable Toilet Review Blog
I was looking at the portable toilet forum a few days ago and ran across a great article on portable toilets, the owner of a portable toilet company has been writing about his experiences with different portable toilet models for the last year. It's great info for anyone looking to rent/buy a portable toilet. I can find no other article that actually reviews the portable toilets, they all review the companies instead (lame). http://www.rentajohn.net/portable-toilet-blog.html

Proposed move to portable toilet
I think the article should be moved to Portable toilet as it is more encyclopedic (as there is an article for flatulence and not fart) and avoids specific region specific slang (In NZ they are called port-a-loos and never port-a-john). --Clawed 10:42, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree that Portable toilet would be a more generic and encyclopedic name for this article. -- Amoore 03:16, 19 February 2006 (UTC)
 * What about chemical toilet
 * Also agreed, its at a totally america-centric title right now. And they're also called portaloo's here (ireland). --Kiand 03:58, 19 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I have now moved the page and reworded it to reflect the change --Clawed 04:18, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

I agree Jmm6f488 14:54, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Proposed picture replacement
I think the picture on this article is not at all encyclopedic, and should be replaced. The picture's focus is not on the portable toilet but on the two fellows having fun on top of it.

 * I've now replaced the port-a-john tipping picture with one more "appopriate".--Koeppen 00:25, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Weight?
Could someone dig up weight figures for a standard Portable Toilet? I think it might be important shall me and my budies decide to try to move one (we're considering a big get-together and a place to use the bathroom will be important).

They weigh approx 200lbs, http://blacktieservices.com/portable_toilets.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.37.23.2 (talk) 16:11, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

Masking Tape
What if someone put masking tape around a portable potty? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Wayne Neptune (talk • contribs) 20:12, 5 April 2007 (UTC).

Peoples in the tropics are less sanitary??
The article says " ... odor that builds up within the enclosure can quickly reach an unbearable level, especially in tropical climates, where users' behavior (as well as aiming capabilities) can quickly soil a newly disinfected unit." Is this supposed to imply that people who live in the tropics have less sanitary behavior, and don't aim as well as people in other latitudes? Are we supposed to gather that they're less civilized down there? I suggest that that statement be reworked. 71.241.228.118 (talk) 14:38, 19 January 2009 (UTC)Stephen Kosciesza

Who wrote this?
"This is probably due to the fact that the ventilation units are too weak to oust foul-smelling air fast enough, and have a open air duct (without compromising privacy) to allow fresh air in. Consequently, use is akin to a self-imprisonment with one's excrement - especially if one has a habit of taking a long time to defecate." The first sentence doesn't make sense; it looks like someone tried to tack one point on a completely different one that just happened to look related. The second is just inane--especially the second half of it; if it's unpleasant in there, whatever your "habit" is, you're motivated to hurry up. And the next person might be grateful for that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.241.228.118 (talk) 14:43, 19 January 2009 (UTC)

portable wet toilets
It seems there are also portable "wet" (that is hooked up to a water supply and the drains somehow, the latter hookup often involving the waste pipe entering a manhole thorough a custom cover) toilets, usually in the form of a portacabin (or equivilent) with a number of toilets in it. These usually seem to be used for medium term needs (such as when the permanent toilet block it being refurbished or similar). 86.22.248.209 (talk) 20:43, 31 October 2011 (UTC)

Proposed Removal Of Tardis
Though I'm a big fan of Dr Who, I don't think anyone from the UK calls a portable toilet "Tardis" I believe this company might be using the wiki to further their website. I'm not in the UK so I won't delete it. If anyone can verify that Tardis isn't a real term??? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bseiffert (talk • contribs) 23:35, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

A "Tardis" Is A Real Term
Im from the UK, i have heard of people using that term before, i think its the same as what portakabin did with the term "portaloo" plus a portable toilet is the same kind of shape as a Tardis so it makes sense for a company to play on that a bit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by DSReeves (talk • contribs) 08:59, 20 August 2012 (UTC)

"Portable toilets on a mountain in China"?
I may be entirely wrong, but the toilets in the picture captioned as above do not look at all like portable toilets to me. Even if Chinese portable toilets don't look like US/UK toilets, I doubt they look like that. Those are pretty clearly cobbed-together camp-site type permanent toilets. Perhaps they are chemical toilets, but at least one appears to be sitting on a concrete slab that forms the floor and steps up to it. I'd hate to be the guy who has to move several tons of concrete around to move a toilet. The rust around the base of the toilet bowl also suggests a permanent fixture. We have toilets like this in the parks around here; some are flush toilets, some chemical, some are just outhouses. All are very lightly-built and flimsy, and not exactly "permanent", but they definitely are not intended to be portable...and most of them aren't built on concrete foundations either. .45Colt 05:49, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

strong box
the first patent for plastic portable toilets was not in the 1960's to Polyjohn Enterprises Corporation but to Harvey Heather of what is now JW Enterprises in the 1950's. It was a solid molded portable toilet rented to construction sites. It was called the "strong box". Harvey Heather used to be partners with George from Polyjohn. George developed the modern portable toilet after and allowed us- JW Enterprises to be the first to ever manufacture them in 1961. I have pictures of the units we now hand out as piggy banks to our customers. Feel free to contact us 800-350-3331 ext 210 Frank Lindstrom or Polyjohn Enterprises Corp to confirm. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.198.95.18 (talk) 20:58, 10 October 2014 (UTC)

Elsan & similar
The article appears be only about portable rooms with hard walls. It seems to say nothing about portable "thrones" - see for example http://www.elsan.co.uk/ (Bristol/Oxford) which are not uncommonly used in the UK in conjunction with "Toilet Tents". I believe, without much evidence, that earlier models of throne were provided in WWII UK heavy bombers.

An article on portable thrones should refer to the self-explanatory "thunderbox" commonly used (by us) in British India a century or more ago, and to the portable seats used with pits.

Alternatively, this article should have links for those.

I know nothing of corresponding US or other habits.

94.30.84.71 (talk) 12:30, 26 January 2015 (UTC)

 * A cutaway drawing of an Avro Lancaster showing the Elsan chemical toilet (No. 142 "Elsan closet") in the rear of the fuselage just ahead of the tailwheel, here:

 * .. according to Michael Bentine in The Long Banana Skin, some fun-loving crews would 'top-up' the container and then remove and then throw the complete Elsan out of the rear crew entry door when over the target. This practice was ordered stopped by the RAF after complaints from Germany via the Swiss Red Cross after examining the crumpled tin containers, and their contents, as it was feared the practice could have led to accusations that the British were using chemical warfare. It was also costing the RAF a small-fortune in replacing the Elsans. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.31.130.124 (talk) 09:45, 15 May 2015 (UTC)

Move content from "portable toilet" page to chemical toilet and re-work portable toilet page
This article is currently all about chemical toilets only. So I think the content should be moved to there and the article on portable toilets should be expanded to explain the full concept of portable toilets (which may or may not be a chemical toilet). I have put the equivalent comment also on the talk page of chemical toilets In my opinion e.g. a bucket toilet is also a portable toilet. Portable in my opinion equals "mobile" - whichever technology is used. EvMsmile (talk) 12:17, 25 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Hi, User:Carbon Caryatid. I see you've worked on this article (great, thanks!). What do you think of the suggestion I made in October about this article? See above. EvMsmile (talk) 08:35, 7 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think this is one of those times when - having raised it on the talk pages -- you just need to be bold and go for it. I've made some comments on the PS talk. Carbon Caryatid (talk) 19:21, 7 June 2016 (UTC)
 * OK, done. Needs further work (for this article and also for the article on chemical toilets).EvMsmile (talk) 03:33, 10 June 2016 (UTC)

Honeywagon merge proposal (Oct 2015)
I propose that the section of honeywagon on use in TV and film industry is moved to portable toilet. This section of the honeywagon article talks about trailer-mounted, portable toilet blocks not about the vacuum trucks referred to in the lead. Little pob (talk) 19:48, 28 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Support as nominee Little pob (talk) 19:48, 28 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Support, makes sense to use the clearer term of "portable toilet" (which needs to be however restructured to cover more than just chemical toilets)EvMsmile (talk) 00:10, 30 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Now that I have re-structured things, I would rather merge that to chemical toilet but in any case, it is poorly referenced, so I would say let's just delete that part. EvMsmile (talk) 03:26, 10 June 2016 (UTC)

Main (only ) image
I'm so glad that this article has got a clearer mandate. I'm not sure about the Nature's Head image, though; I'm unfamiliar with the brand, but the caption indicates that the unit has not yet been installed. Once it is, doesn't that make it no longer portable? Carbon Caryatid (talk) 19:07, 10 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Yes, we need more images. I have a few more in mind by SOIL Haiti, I think they are already in Commons, will check. I think the caption was unnecessarily long, have shortened it. The toilet will look exactly the same one it's installed, only that it would probably not be in the middle of the room but next to a wall. But we can look for better photos, too. EvMsmile (talk) 07:24, 11 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Yes, I found the images I was thinking of on Commons (I had them uploaded there a while ago). You find more similar ones by putting SOIL Haiti into the search field in Commons or search for EcoLakay. Maybe we replace the image of the Nature Head toilet with this one? Or should we start up a gallery? As the article is so far only short, I guess we can't have more than one photo, unless we set up a gallery, perhaps? EvMsmile (talk) 07:30, 11 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Two problems: first of all, the article now has two photos, both of which are of UDDTs. Surely, for an article of this brevity and with several sections, there should be no more than one of each type? I.e. let's aim for one photo per section. Secondly, my original point: a toilet that is "installed" sounds to me as if it is not portable. Am I misunderstanding? Carbon Caryatid (talk) 22:50, 11 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Yes, I agree, only one photo is better while the article is still short. So which one to keep? I suggest to keep the one from Haiti and remove the one from USA. "Installed" in this case simply means the toilet is put in the correct place of the house - it doesn not mean that it is "connected" in any way and therefore it remains fully portable. If we take the photo from Haiti, then this issue of "installed" or not, does not arise. - Done. EvMsmile (talk) 01:45, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Good choice. Thanks for the explanation. Carbon Caryatid (talk) 12:24, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

We need to sort out the redirects to this page
I just saw that lots of terms redirect to this page which should now redirect to chemical toilet, see here: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Portable_toilet&hidelinks=1&hidetrans=1 Like Port-a-potty and things like that. Do you agree with me? If yes, can you get it done, or I will do it later (whoever gets to it first). EvMsmile (talk) 07:35, 11 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Most of them are various spellings of portapotty. When Americans hear/see the word, they think of privy-style structures moved by truck; in the British context, the word means the small item that can be carried in one hand. So whether these terms redirect to chemical toilet or portable toilet, readers need to see quickly that they might be on the wrong page, and how to get to the right one. If it's possible, the redirects should go to the relevant section of the article, e.g. Portable toilet. Another possibility is for all the spelling variants (and mis-spellings) of portapotti to go to a new disambiguation page, saying simply, you may be thinking of the large structure or the small unit.
 * Those terms that are not variants of portapotty, e.g. Elsan, need to go to the right section. I am not feeling enthused to tackle this right now....Carbon Caryatid (talk) 22:45, 11 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I had a look at Google Images when putting in portapotty and it seems in general to be chemical toilets: https://www.google.com.au/search?q=portapotty&rlz=1C1WYIB_enDE505DE505&espv=2&biw=1680&bih=925&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik577IrKHNAhVlLKYKHWKeA7gQsAQIUg So I think redirecting portapotty to chemical toilet probably makes the most sense. (most chemical toilets are also portable toilets, so there is a bit of overlap there) EvMsmile (talk) 01:37, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * No objections, but don't let Google's filter bubble dictate the results. Look what I get when I enter "portapotty" - a similar but not identical range of photos, and completely different ones at the top: here. Carbon Caryatid (talk) 12:28, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

New (Camping) section
I have re-added the material deleted in error in the overhaul of this article and chemical toilet. These small toilets could be considered one or the other, portable or chemical, but they certainly need to go somewhere. I've added a couple of extra sentences for context. I'm not happy with the title I've given the section, but I don't know what else to call it. The most used names in Britain are brand names, Portapotty and Elsan, and that doesn't seem very encyclopedic. I note the comments above re the WWII planes, and the old thunderboxes; if I find more info on these, I'll add it. Carbon Caryatid (talk) 22:32, 11 June 2016 (UTC)

 * I don't understand this sentence: "although in fact this "Elsan" type no longer resembles an open bucket" - never heard of "Elsan" before. If you want to keep this word here, then please explain it. But it's probably a brand name so I don't think we need to keep it? And yes, the section title "camping" is not fitting, as we're talking here about "types of toilet". What type exactly are you talking about? Can you had a photo? Otherwise perhaps it should rather fall under a section heading called "applications". EvMsmile (talk) 01:34, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I'll try re-wording, with citations from the OED. The trouble is that brand names are sometimes the most widely used term, and it would not help readers to avoid the names entirely (cf "I'll just google that"). It is definitely a type of toilet at least as distinctive as all the others we've been dealing with. I'll have to search harder on Commons for an image. Or see above, what my filter bubble served up. Carbon Caryatid (talk) 12:45, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * The only image I can find is the one I added to chemical toilet; it's far from ideal, as it shows many models in a marine shop. Searching for "camping toilet" brings up similar devices on the web, but not on WikiCommons. Carbon Caryatid (talk) 13:03, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

 * I am not sure in which countries "Elsan" is a well known brand name, but not in the countries I've been active in, e.g. not in Germany (nor in developing countries). I honestly have never heard about it before. That's hwy I asked for a photo. Please also see my question on the talk page of Elsan: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elsan EvMsmile (talk) 04:16, 13 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I've added a lot more now (content, definitions, references, and images), about both the type in common use in Britain now, and a separate section for its historic precedents. I hope the wording is clear. It isn't correct to describe "camping" as an application; it is a distinct type of chemical & portable toilet. Can we agree to remove "applications" and give Elsan/Portapotti its own section? Probably the least contentious title is "camping toilet" (or maybe "camp toilet"). Carbon Caryatid (talk) 15:50, 13 June 2016 (UTC)

Awesome, the page is fast getting better and better! I have moved the information on camping toilets to be below chemical toilets, as it's a type of chemical toilet. I have elevated the history section because we can build this up further (not just history of camping toilets). But I am not so sure about your use of this website as a reference: http://www.campingandcaravanningclub.co.uk/helpandadvice/gettingstarted/campingequipment/toilets/ It is not really a very reputable reference, is it? And why the lengthy notes in the references section, I think that gives further undue weight to this particular website. I don't think those notes are needed here. EvMsmile (talk) 12:16, 14 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Glad you like it! And yes, separating the history makes sense. I guess camping toilets are a "type of". I think the section title could be abbreviated, though, because the context and the image make it clear. Just "camping toilet", as a subset of chemical toilet, I think.
 * The Camping and Caravanning Club was founded in 1902 and is one of the British "go-to" places for information about, well, camping and caravanning, so their views on terminology bear some weight. As for including the quotes, I tucked them away in the notes and didn't try to integrate them into the main text. Webpages change, and I think it's a service to our readers (let along fellow editors in the future), to let them see what the sources actually said, if they want to look. It's like notes in printed books - when they used to be at the end of every page, some people found their eyes got distracted, but once publishers decided to put them at the end of the book, the chapters just flowed better. Nobody has to scroll all the way down if they don't want to. Carbon Caryatid (talk) 17:19, 14 June 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Portable toilet


text:
EVMS

EVMS may refer to:
 * Eastern Virginia Medical School, a public medical school in Norfolk, Virginia
 * Enterprise Volume Management System, an integrated volume management software
 * Earned value management system, implementation for determining projects' earned value

title: EVMS


text: Category:Libraries in Australia

title: Category:Libraries in Australia


text:
User talk:Disgusted by racists

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

08:51, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

GNAA
I appreciate your dislike of the Gay Nigger Association of America article, but I'm afraid listing it on WP:VFD is not going to get you anything except a huge argument. It's already been listed four times, the latest only a month ago, and the vote was to keep every time. You can go to the article's talk page to discuss it further if you like, or ask me at my talk page if you have any questions. Thanks, sjorford// 09:34, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC).

I'm not defending the article itself, just the process. Once an article has been listed on VFD, there is a rule that it shouldn't be relisted again, at least not straight away. See the length of the last VFD discussion - all these arguments have been made many times over, and having the discussion again isn't going to produce a different outcome. sjorford// 14:31, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Disgusted by racists


text:
User talk:Matti Koskimies

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

08:52, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and you will still be able to manually mark your edits as being 'minor'. The only thing that's changed is that you will no longer be able to have them marked as minor by default. For more information on what a minor edit is, see WP:MINOR or feel to get in touch.

Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 21:21, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Matti Koskimies