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Collection (Oxford colleges)

At colleges of the University of Oxford, a Collection may be one of two things:
 * An examination taken at the beginning of term by undergraduates/graduates, testing the work done in the previous term, and often based on past paper questions (typically a three-hour exam). Undergraduates usually sit one or two Collections per term, but this can vary by tutor and by college. Collections are collegiate (or sometimes departmental), rather than University examinations, and assist in predicting a student's final degree result rather than constituting a part of it.
 * A Penal Collection might be set if an undergraduate has failed to work hard enough. Failure to achieve a minimum mark set in advance may result in the student's being rusticated for a set period, or even being “sent down” — that is, permanently expelled from the college.
 * A meeting at the end of term, usually with a set of tutors or—very occasionally—with the Head of House of the college, at which reports of the term's work are read, or (especially for postgraduates) the student's progress is discussed. These are sometimes known as “hand-shaking”, "academic reviews", or “Principal's (Dean's/Master's/Warden's/President's/Provost's/Rector's, etc.) Collections”.

title: Collection (Oxford colleges)


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Uisko-class landing craft

The Uisko class, also known as the Marine Alutech Watercat M11 landing craft is a type of vessel in use by the Finnish Navy. It is the predecessor of the Jurmo class landing craft. Uisko was the first water jet vessel of the Finnish Navy. It features excellent maneuverability and low draft suitable for shallow waters. It can be used for amphibious assault and transport of marine infantry. The uisko has a cargo capacity of 2.5 tons.

Uisko is the Finnish word for Viking longship type vessels. Several Finnish navy and Coast Guard vessels have previously carried the name.

Vessels

 * U-200 series: U210-U211
 * U-300 series: U301-U317
 * U-400 series: U400-
 * U-600 Series: U601-638 (Jurmo class)
 * U-700 series: U700-712 (Jehu class)

Operators

 * Finnish Navy
 * Finnish Navy

 * Ukrainian Navy – Unknown number donated by Finland during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)
 * Ukrainian Navy – Unknown number donated by Finland during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Uisko-class landing craft


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Elizabeth Haldane

Elizabeth Sanderson Haldane (27 May 1862 – 24 December 1937) was a Scottish author, biographer, philosopher, suffragist, nursing administrator, and social welfare worker. She was the sister of Richard Burdon Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane and John Scott Haldane, and became the first female Justice of the Peace in Scotland in 1920. She was made a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 1918.

Biography
Elizabeth Haldane was born on 27 May 1862 at 17 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh. Her father was Robert Haldane of Cloan House near Auchterarder, Perthshire and her mother was Mary Elizabeth Sanderson. She was educated by a succession of tutors and visiting schoolmasters. She wanted to go to college but it was too expensive and she was an only daughter tied to her widowed mother. Instead she educated herself by correspondence courses.

Haldane was persuaded by Octavia Hill to apply to the system of property administration which Hill had developed in London to the situation in Edinburgh and in 1884, at the age of 21, she became convener of the Housing Committee of the Edinburgh Social Union. She took nursing courses in the 1880s and subsequently became involved in establishing the Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) from 1908 onwards. She became a manager of Edinburgh Royal Infirmary around 1901 onwards. Her autobiography, From One Century to Another covers the period from 1862 to 1914. It lacks precise detail but gives a graphic picture of what it was like to be a well-to-do lady in the Victorian and Edwardian periods. She was intimate with royalty such as Queen Alexandra and was a personal friend of literary figures such as Matthew Arnold and George Meredith. She was taken out to dinner by Matthew Arnold who astonished her "by his knowledge of the neighbouring fishing streams, since he did not personally know the neighbourhood." She adds that: "I enjoyed his talk very much, as I had always had a great admiration for his work and felt it an honour to meet him. He had the stiff rather highbrow Victorian face one knew so well from pictures, but he was delightful to me." George Meredith visited Cloan House in September 1890. She recalls that "It was quite unnecessary to entertain him, for the wonderful sentences poured from his mouth and we had but to listen."

In later life, she corresponded with her niece, Naomi Mitchison (née Haldane) who regarded her suffragist views as being out of date. Haldane accepted "the restriction of women's activities to the inside, the personal, the domestic" whereas Mitchison considered women to be equally free to pursuit their lives outside the home. She died on 24 December 1937 at St Margaret's Hospital, Auchterarder.

Haldane was an accomplished translator and put her considerable talents to use translating works of philosophy, including treatises by Descartes and Hegel. Along with G. R. T. Ross, she translated Descartes in a two-volume set, entitled The Philosophical Works, for Cambridge University Press in 1911.

Quote
"If Truth were to be found in mixing with the world, Descartes was bent on finding it; but, as he himself realised, he was a stranger in the world into which he had entered—a stranger in a mask which concealed his true expression. He learned, what all men learn in time, that there is no sphere of life in which the contradictions of mankind can be got rid of; everywhere alike is there error and deception: if we accept what is set before us by custom and example, we shall certainly go wrong. Truth must be sought for from the beginning: the Book of the World but sends us back to ourselves.

Descartes' first reflections that winter at Neuberg, when free from cares and passions he remained the whole day in his well-warmed room, gave the colour to the remainder of his life. The student, undistracted by society that interested him, devoted his whole attention to his thoughts, and his thoughts directed the course of his later speculations. What, then, was the lesson learned? The first conclusion the young man came to was this: that seldom does a work on which many persons have been employed attain to the same perfection as that which has been carried out by one single directing mind: this we see clearly in buildings, or in cities which have grown from villages. And with nations the case is similar: civilisation is a growth which has largely come about through the necessity bred of suffering, while the direction of some wise legislation or the ordinances of God must be incomparably superior. Learning has suffered in this way; the sciences have gradually been drawn far from the truth which a sensible man, using his natural and unprejudiced judgment, would gather from his own experience.
 * Descartes, His Life and Times, Haldane, Elizabeth Sanderson, 1862-1937. P. 67-68 published 1905"

Official appointments

 * Vice-Chairman, Territorial Nursing Service;
 * Member of QAIM Nursing Board;
 * Deputy President of British Red Cross Society, Perthshire Branch;
 * for some time a Manager of Edinburgh Royal Infirmary;
 * Member of Scottish Universities Committee, 1909;
 * Member of Royal Commission on the civil service, 1912;
 * of Advisory Committees (National and Scottish) under the Insurance Act, 1912;
 * of School Board since 1903;
 * of County Authority for Education, 1919–22;
 * of Scottish Savings Committee, 1916;
 * of General Nursing Council, 1928;
 * Central Council Broadcast Adult Education, 1930;
 * Governor of Birkbeck College;
 * late Governor of London School of Economics.

Publications

 * Hegel's History of Philosophy (3 vols), translated with Miss Frances H. Simson, MA. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1892–96;
 * The Wisdom and Religion of a German Philosopher: Being selections from the writings of G. W. F. Hegel. London: Kegan Paul & Co., 1897;
 * James Frederick Ferrier. (With introduction by R. B. Haldane) Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1899, ("Famous Scots Series";
 * Descartes: His Life and Times. London: John Murray, 1905;
 * Descartes' Philosophical Works. (2 vols), with Professor G. R. T. Ross. Cambridge University Press, 1911/2;
 * The British Nurse in Peace and War. London: John Murray, 1923;
 * Mary Elizabeth Haldane: A Record of a Hundred Years, (1825–1925). (Edited) London: Hodder and Stoughton, [1925]; reprinted by Kennedy & Boyd (2009) in the Naomi Mitchison Library Series;
 * George Eliot and her Times: A Victorian Study. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1927:
 * Mrs Gaskell and her Friends. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1930;
 * The Scotland of our Fathers: A Study of Scottish Life in the Nineteenth Century. London: Alexander Maclehose & Co., 1933;
 * Scots Gardens in Old Times, 1200–1800. London: Alexander Maclehose & Co., 1934;
 * From One Century to Another: The Reminiscences of Elizabeth S. Haldane. London: Alexander Maclehose & Co., 1937;
 * Articles in various magazines, and in Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics

title: Elizabeth Haldane


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2001 Canadian federal budget

The Canadian federal budget for the fiscal year 2002-2003 was presented by Minister of Finance Paul Martin in the House of Commons on December 10, 2001. It was known as the "Security Budget" for its focus on security after the September 11 attacks in the United States.

This was the last budget presented by Paul Martin as Minister of Finance. It was marked by the poor Canadian economy of the previous year that saw very slow growth. In order to keep the budget balanced, Martin proposed only limited new spending. The largest outlay was $7.7 billion over five years to improve security.

Background
This budget was unusually presented in December 2001, as federal budgets are normally released in February or March. However, the election in November 2000 had been preceded by a detailed "budget update" for which covered most of the fiscal year 2001-2002.

The November 2000 Speech from the throne had announced it would attempt to improve the living conditions of indigenous communities, and so the 2001 budget was expected to include large investments in these communities. However, the September 11 attacks cause the government's priorities to change toward national security, which was reflected in the budget.

Key elements
The main elements of this budget are linked to national security. An additional $1.2 billion was allocated to the Department of National Defence. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police and Canadian Security Intelligence Service also received budget increases, and sums were also allocated to expand the screening of migrants coming to Canada.

The Budget also allocated funds for greater airport security, including the instauration of sky Marshals for selected flights. The creation of a new agency responsible for airport protection and passenger safety was announced. This agency would become the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority, and would be funded by a special tax on air travel.

646 million dollars was also announced for reinforce border security, including $58 million to enhance the NEXUS program, $107 million to purchase better bomb detection equipment, $135 million to increase government agencies' presence at the border, and $67 million to invest in new technologies for border agents in airports and border crossings.

The Budget allocated $2 billion for the creation of the Strategic Infrastructure Fund. It was announced that an independent committee would review grant applications for this fund. 236 million dollars was allocated to the maintenance of veterans' hospitals, and the budget for ecological municipal projects was increased from 125 million to 250 million dollars.

Opposition parties
The Bloc Québécois and the New Democratic Party did not criticize the increase in security spendings, considering these sums necessary. They, however, criticize the lack of spending in Social Security, and the low level of investment in economic development.

The Canadian Alliance, on the other hand, critiqued the lack of tax cuts in the budget, something they considered was needed to boost the economy. The Canadian Alliance also stated that the budget did not spend enough on security, when compared to the other NATO countries' response to the September 11 attacks. Stockwell Day also came out against the increases in the CBC budget, Foreign Aid, and cultural fundings.

Joe Clark, leader of the PC-DR coalition, criticized the lack of a long-term vision in the budget, considering it sacrificed the country's long-term prosperity while doing very little to increase national security.

Municipalities
Yves Ducharme, mayor of Hull and vice-president of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, expressed support for the Strategic Infrastructure Fund, but made known he was disappointed by the lack of funds for public transportation in the budget. Montreal mayor Gérald Tremblay and Laval mayor Gilles Vaillancourt both expressed support for the budget and the Strategic Infrastructure Fund as well.

Provinces
Most provinces lamented the lack of increase in health transfers, as the premiers had called for in their last conference in August 2001. Alberta and Ontario claimed that without these transfers, they would be forced to privatise some hospital services traditionally part of Medicare. Ontario premier Mike Harris claimed that, without these health transfers, the federal government forces 8 provinces to run a deficit in their next budget. Manitoba premier Gary Doer said that the government's decision to prioritize security over health care was error of judgment.

title: 2001 Canadian federal budget


text:
Assembly of First Nations leadership elections

Assembly of First Nations (National Indian Brotherhood before 1982) leadership elections are held every three years to elect the national chief of the Assembly of First Nations. Each chief of a First Nation in Canada is eligible to cast a vote. Currently there are 634 eligible voters.

AFN rules state that a candidate needs 60% of the votes to win the election. If multiple candidates are on the ballot, the candidate with the fewest votes on each ballot is dropped until one candidate has reached the required percentage of votes. Additionally, any candidate who receives less than 15 per cent of the vote on a ballot is automatically dropped.

If only two candidates remain, however, the candidate with fewer votes is not dropped from the ballot automatically, but rather the race continues to another ballot until the leading candidate reaches 60 per cent or the trailing candidate voluntarily concedes.

1968
Winner: Walter Dieter

1970
Winner: George Manuel

1972
Winner: George Manuel

1974
Winner: George Manuel

1976
Held in Whitehorse, Yukon on September 16, 1976.

Winner: Noel Starblanket (acclaimed)

1978
Winner: Noel Starblanket

1980
Winner: Delbert Riley

1982
Held in Penticton, British Columbia on April 21, 1982.

First ballot
For this election the two candidates with the fewest votes on the first ballot were dropped. This applied to Linklater and Powderface. Riley then announced he would withdraw.

1985
Held in Vancouver, British Columbia on July 30, 1985.

1988
Held in Edmonton, Alberta.

Winner: Georges Erasmus

1991
Held in Winnipeg, Manitoba on June 11, 1991.

1994
Held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan on July 6, 1994.

1997
Held in Vancouver, British Columbia on July 30, 1997.

2000
Held in Ottawa, Ontario on July 12, 2000.

2003
Held in Edmonton, Alberta on July 16, 2003.

2006
Held in Vancouver, British Columbia on July 12, 2006.

2009
The 2009 convention was held in Calgary, Alberta on July 22.

At the close of nominations on June 16, the declared candidates were AFN's British Columbia regional chief Shawn Atleo, Roseau River First Nation chief Terry Nelson, Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations chief Perry Bellegarde, British Columbia land claims negotiator Bill Wilson and former Union of Ontario Indians chief John Beaucage.

Beginning with the second ballot, the convention went into an unprecedented deadlock, with six successive ballots in which the final two candidates effectively tied at roughly 50 per cent of the vote. Under AFN rules, a candidate requires 60 per cent of the vote to win unless their opponent voluntarily concedes the race. Bellegarde conceded after the eighth ballot, on which Atleo had surged ahead to a 58 per cent finish.

First ballot
Nelson and Wilson were automatically dropped after the first ballot, as both failed to garner 15 per cent of the vote. Both candidates endorsed Bellegarde on the second ballot. Beaucage, as the last-place finisher among the three remaining candidates, voluntarily dropped out shortly after the ballot results were announced, also endorsing Bellegarde.

2012
The 2012 convention was held in Toronto, Ontario on July 18, 2012

At the close of nominations on June 12, the declared candidates were Shawn Atleo, Diane Kelly, Bill Erasmus, Terrance Nelson, Pamela Palmater, Ellen Gabriel, Joan Jack and George Stanley.

2014
The 2014 leadership election took place on December 10. The candidates were Perry Bellegarde, the chief of the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations and the runner-up to Atleo in 2009; Ghislain Picard, the AFN's regional chief for Quebec and Labrador and the organization's interim chief since Atleo's resignation; and Leon Jourdain, the former grand chief of the Treaty 3 area in Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario.

2018
The 2018 leadership election took place on July 25, 2018, at the Annual General Assembly in Vancouver, British Columbia. Loretta Pete Lambert, of the Little Pine Cree Nation in Saskatchewan, was the chief electoral officer. The candidates were the incumbent, Perry Bellegarde, from the Little Black Bear First Nation; policy analyst Russell Diabo, a member of the Mohawk Nation at Kahnawake; Grand Chief of Manitoba Keewatinowi Okimakanak Sheila North, a member of the Bunibonibee Cree Nation; economist and former President of the Council of the Haida Nation Miles Richardson; and Katherine Whitecloud, former Manitoba regional chief for the AFN, and member of Wipazoka Wakpa Dakota Nation.

2021
RoseAnne Archibald secured victory on July 8, 2021, after her rival, Reginald Bellerose, conceded. The election had stretched to a second day and went to a fifth round of voting after neither Archibald nor Bellerose received the necessary 60% of votes to win. That remained the case when the Assembly of First Nations announced the fifth-ballot results, but Bellerose announced he was withdrawing from the race before a sixth round of voting could begin.


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Past paper

A past paper is an examination paper from a previous year or previous years, usually used either for exam practice or for tests such as University of Oxford, University of Cambridge College Collections.

Exam candidates find past papers valuable in test preparation. Some organizations responsible for holding exams have made past exam papers commercially available by either publishing the papers by themselves or licensing a publisher to do the same. For example, UPSC papers in India, SAT papers in U.S. and GCSE and A level papers in UK are being sold, as well as other exams worldwide.

Previous year question (PYQ) papers are to assess student's brilliancy and capabilities. Students who are preparing for competition exams generally look for past papers. These question papers will help you to have an idea about the main exam. Students typically find these past papers, as private websites reveal more information than the official websites.

Many countries such as Singapore publish past examination papers from various sources and publishers such as MOE, SEAB and Education Publishing House (EPH), where many students found it extremely beneficial and useful as many exam-styled questions that are asked in past examination papers are often repeated in the future examination papers, except for wording. Furthermore, these past examination papers are useful for students to prepare for national examinations such as PSLE, N Level, O Level and A Level. Before the EPH could publish past examination papers in the form of books, the publisher must first seek permission from SEAB and MOE, as failure to do so may result in copyright infringement.

title: Past paper


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Erudin History

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Block compress error: pending deletion. Joyous 02:40, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)

Erudin History
History of the fictional land of Erudin (inhabitants of which area punfully called Erudites). By the style, I'd judge it either fanfic or copyvio. Does google a lot, but that only turns up more fictional maps and articles. What to do with this? Radiant! 16:57, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless somebody comes up with good notable references. Zzyzx11 23:03, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless provided with good references, e.g. what the heck the fictional universe in question is - David Gerard 12:50, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The universe seems to be something called EverQuest, but delete anyway. It's just too big and crufty. Miss Pippa 21:56, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

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IBM Extended Density Format

The IBM eXtended Density Format (XDF) is a way of superformatting standard high-density 3½-inch and 5¼-inch floppy disks to larger-than-standard capacities. It is supported natively by IBM's PC DOS versions 7 and 2000 and by OS/2 Warp 3 onward, using the XDF and XDFCOPY commands (directly in OS/2).

When formatted as XDF disks, 3½-inch floppies can hold 1860 kB, and 5¼-inch floppies can hold 1540 kB, using different number of sectors as well as different sector size per track (not all sectors in the same track are of the same size).

However, the first cylinder uses standard formatting, providing a small FAT12 section that can be accessed without XDF support and on which can be put a ReadMe file or the XDF drivers. Floppy distributions of OS/2 3.0, PC DOS 7 and onward used XDF formatting for most of the media set. Floppy disks formatted using XDF can only be read in floppy disk drives that are attached directly to the system by way of an FDC. Thus, USB attached floppy drives cannot read XDF formatted media.

title: IBM Extended Density Format


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ethical Treatment for All Youth

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 02:39, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)

Ethical Treatment for All Youth
Website that lists sex offenders. Radiant! 17:02, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep pending evidence of notability or lack thereof. Kappa Delete per below. 19:58, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I suppose that some may disagree with me on this, but I have a hard time considering the notability of any website that doesn't even have a domain name. C'mon, people, it's like 6 bucks a year these days.  Also, less-than-stellar Google result of 395. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  20:53, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as it currently is now. Without some notable content, it currently looks more like a short self-promotion. Zzyzx11 23:06, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Starblind makes a good point. How notable can a website be if it doesn't even bother to register a domain? Carrp | Talk 23:10, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Promotion.  Wikipedia reports on notability and notoriety; we're not supposed to try to generate it. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 23:23, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, website promo. Megan1967 23:57, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: website promo. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:02, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--ZayZayEM 03:45, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

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text:
File:Polypterus senegalus front.jpg

Juvenile bichir in an aquarium

title: File:Polypterus senegalus front.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Saturnian

Saturnian
This may technically be a self-nomination, since I began this article about the verse form of early Latin poetry some time ago. But its virtues are the work of Sauvagenoble, who has wholly rewritten the article from the viewpoint of recent research, as opposed to the nineteenth century sources I relied on. == Smerdis of Tlön 17:08, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Object for now - a nice article on a relatively unusual topic for Wikipedia - and congratulations on finding a relevant image! - but it has no lead section. Not so important, but should the "bibilography" section be changed to a "references" section?  And are there no relevant "external links" or other Wikipedia articles to add as "see also"s?  Finally, it seems a little repetitive to analyse the three fragments you have chosen in series, and the layout produces lots of white space due to the indenting and new lines: would it be possible (merely a suggestion: this may not work very well in practice) to do the quantitative and accentual analyses of the three fragments, for example, using a table, so you can compare and contrast the two analyses of the same fragment at the same time, side by side? -- ALoan (Talk) 19:44, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yikes, careful. The word bibliography has two conflicting meanings. One is resources used in the writing of an article and more problematically it can also mean just a list of works relating to a given topic. If the second is true it would be entirely innapropriate to retitle it as references. - Taxman 21:42, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, my comment was ambiguous - I meant "is the bibliography section a references section? If so, it should be titled as such" (I assumed this was the case, given the contents of the section; if not, references are required.) -- ALoan (Talk) 11:38, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Needs a lead section, and proper references. - Taxman 21:42, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * The article shouldn't start with a TOC. There should be an intro (without a section heading), and then a TOC. Everyking 21:30, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Object - 1. No lead section; what is there has too much emphasis on the technical analysis and very little social, historical, or literary context / 2. The bulk of the article relies on the readers' understanding of a particular notation system -- the text version doesn't match the version within the graphics insert on my browser either. Jgm 21:58, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Is there any reason all sections use level 2 headers instead of level 1? Phils 10:41, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks to everyone for the attention and efforts towards this article.
 * 1) The bibliography section doubles as a "references" or "works cited", so I’ve renamed it.
 * 2) I just added a little more of literary-historical material.
 * 3) I tried to introduce the notational conventions at each first instance, but perhaps this still falls short of facilitating understanding. Admittedly, Unicode ∪[ ] is not the symbol I used in the graphics but is the closest. Metrical symbols are not in Unicode.
 * 4) Regarding formatting in general, I rely on the more experienced for cleaning the article up, as this was my first contribution. The side-by-side accentual-vs.-quantitative comparison is a good idea; my only concern is possibly breaking lines where they shouldn’t and placing a lot of dependence on a reader’s font and screen size and resolution settings.
 * Sauvagenoble 14:20, Feb. 26, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/European blues

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. While several people made good arguments that an article on this topic would be encyclopedic, no one chose to defend the current content. I tend to agree that a redlink will be more likely to result in a quality article than starting from the current content. Rossami (talk) 07:06, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Comment: block-compress error will delay the actual deletion

European blues
Is there any call for 'category:blues groups of European origin'? And if so, what's so special about European blues as compared to, say, African blues (if any)? Certainly this should not be a list. Radiant! 17:08, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not a very useful list. Megan1967 00:00, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This could easily be transformed into an excellent article on the subject of blues music in Europe. Keep.--Gene_poole 04:17, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * If someone wants to actually transform it in to an excellent article, that would be wonderful. Delete as it stands now. --Darkwind 04:21, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * The term "European blues" is actually used. (http://www.euroblues.org/). Keep - this one can happily develop - David Gerard 12:49, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, maybe, but in that case the current article should still be blanked as the way it stands it will most likely develop to a list of blues groups in Europe. Radiant!
 * Delete because I don't think there is anything useful to say about blues in europe. There is definitely a possibility of articles on French blues, Italian blues et al, but I don't think European blues is useful. Tuf-Kat 04:28, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

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text:
Steve Wilson

Steve or Steven Wilson may refer to:

Music

 * Steve Wilson (jazz musician) (born 1961), US jazz saxophonist and flautist
 * Steve Wilson (drummer), former drummer for Against All Will
 * Steve Wilson (born 1967), Scottish guitarist, member of the Scottish rock band Stiltskin
 * Steven Wilson (born 1967), English progressive rock musician
 * Steve Wilson (producer), Nashville-based songwriter, musician and producer of More Beautiful You

Politics

 * Steve Wilson (Ohio politician), Ohio state senator
 * Steven Wilson, candidate in the United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri, 2010

Sports

 * Stephen Wilson (athlete) (born 1971), an Australian paralympic athlete
 * Steve Wilson (offensive lineman) (born 1954), US NFL player for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers
 * Steve Wilson (defensive back) (born 1957), US NFL player for the Denver Broncos
 * Steve Wilson (baseball) (born 1964), Canadian baseball player
 * Steven Wilson (baseball, born 1994), US baseball player
 * Steve Wilson (football commentator) (born 1967), British Match of the Day commentator
 * Steve Wilson (footballer) (born 1974), English goalkeeper

Other

 * Steve Wilson (director), US television director
 * Steve Wilson (presenter) (born 1974), English television presenter
 * Steve Wilson (reporter), US investigative reporter
 * Steve Wilson, character in Angels with Broken Wings
 * S. S. Wilson (Steven Seth Wilson), US screenwriter
 * Steven E. Wilson, US professor of ophthalmology
 * Steve Wilson, radio presenter

title: Steve Wilson


text:
Transylvanian Memorandum

The Transylvanian Memorandum (Memorandumul Transilvaniei) was a petition sent in 1892 by the leaders of the Romanians of Transylvania to the Austro-Hungarian Emperor-King Franz Joseph, asking for equal ethnic rights with the Hungarians, and demanding an end to persecutions and Magyarization attempts.

Status
After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (Ausgleich), Transylvania became an integral part of Hungary. Initially Romanians (through their representatives, the Romanian National Party) took part in the political life, however, since 1869 after several disagreements they chose to enter into political passivity. They had several complaints; i.e. Romanians formed the majority of Transylvania's population, but they were underrepresented in the Hungarian Parliament due to electoral abuses and the higher property qualification required by the electoral laws, they were subjected to Magyarization and they resented that Transylvania had lost its autonomy, without consulting the Transylvanians. The Memorandum itself was written by the leaders of the Romanian National Party of Transylvania and Banat (PNR) – among others, Ioan Rațiu, Gheorghe Pop de Băsești, Eugen Brote, Aurel Popovici, and Vasile Lucaciu. It asked for political rights to be awarded to Romanians, as well as initiating a debate on the Kingdom of Hungary's policies of intolerance towards Romanians.

Consequences
Franz Joseph, without reading it, forwarded the memorandum to the Hungarian Prime Minister Gyula Szapáry, who, also without reading it, forwarded it unopened to the Ispán of Torda-Aranyos County in order to be returned to the sender, Ioan Rațiu.

Met with refusal, the PNR leaders did not give up and published the document in Nagyszeben. Making the memorandum public led to violence from the part of Hungarian demonstrators, who damaged Ioan Rațiu's home in Torda, causing a tremendous outcry in Romania. Consequently, the Hungarian government gave in to the pressure of Hungarian nationalists and launched proceedings against the PNR president, Raţiu, the vice president, Pop de Băsești, the secretaries Vasile Lucaciu and Septimiu Albini, and other PNR leaders who acknowledged their involvement in drafting and publishing the petition. On 7 May 1894 eighteen leaders of the PNR were put on trial in Kolozsvár for various charges, ranging from disturbing the peace to incitement through the press and high treason.

After seventeen days, the trial came to an end and the jury found all but four defendants guilty. The rest of fourteen defendants were found guilty for incitement through the press, and the judge handed in the verdicts: most of them sentenced to prison terms from two months to five years. The PNR president Raţiu received a sentence of two years imprisonment and Lucaciu, regarded as the main instigator, received five years imprisonment. Although in 1895 they were freed by royal amnesty, loyalty to the Crown decreased, with many leaders of the PNR turning towards the goal of union of Transylvania with Romania.

However, activism for union per se was largely held off until after World War I and the Treaty of Trianon, with Romania itself oscillating between alliances with the Central Powers and the Entente, and with the parallel offer made by Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (the heir apparent) to negotiate for a compromise (see United States of Greater Austria).

title: Transylvanian Memorandum


text:
Jesús Blasco

Jesús Blasco (3 November 1919 – 21 October 1995) was a Spanish author and artist of comic books, whose career covered most of the conventional history of comic strips. He worked extensively in British comics in the 1960s and 1970s.

Career
Blasco debuted in 1935 in the Spanish magazine Mickey, at the age of fifteen. For the magazine Boliche, however, he created the series and character named Cuto (translation: Cutter). Originally a strip in the vein of Percy Crosby's Skippy, the character became a globe trotting and time-travelling boy adventurer, casually handling firearms and hot wiring sportscars, and romancing adult women.

Blasco's art veered from cute animal cartoons to the shadowplay realism of Milton Caniff and Noel Sickles. He created strips for various audiences, including Anita Diminuta, a girl strip.

In the 1960s, he landed a deal with Fleetway that brought him continental exposure. In 1968, he co-created the cartoon Los Guerilleros for the Belgian publication Spirou, With the strips Steel Claw  and Buffalo Bill, events lead to a collaboration with Pat Mills to create Invasion! in the first issue of 2000AD (1977). The 1970s saw more Alex Toth-esque Westerns such as Tex Willer. Blasco also co-created the strip Capitán Trueno, which has influenced the look of many other Japanese and Euro creations, such as The Mysterious Cities of Gold. Blasco also did fairy tale illustrations and tarrocci cards.

His work is relatively unknown in the United States, with his main exposure being three appearances in Warren Publishing's Creepy, which were all miscredited to other artists.

title: Jesús Blasco


text:
Talk:Kurdistan/Archive 1

Miscellaneous
The time has come for a radical expansion of this page and its various links. The centrality of this region in the U.S. plan to invade Iraq and what might interfere with it, in particular a post-invasion potential to exacerbate the Iraq crisis seriously with Turkish vs. Kurdish conflicts, makes it pretty important right now.

Among other things it might make implementation of a post-Saddam democracy more or less impossible, at least in the North, given the concerns of the Turks and their influence in NATO. It's also well known that Turks consider Mosul to be "theirs", and that Iran has interests in the region as well. This is potentially a vast mess.
 * Not quite. All Turkey, and other nations in the region want is that Kurds not to be in charge of Iraqi oil. If you think about it after their dealings with the PKK and miscelinious others you cant really blame their reservations. The main reason its so difficult the kurds can achieve anything is because of organisations like PKK. I cannot speak in Kurds in general but I serriosuly dont see why this is an issue for the Kurds within Turkey. In any country if you scream I am "this race" I am "different/better/greater/smarter" from you, I want my "own nation", last thing you should expect is a positive response. While it may sound matcho to scream out insults and ridiclous claims to surrounding nations, it hurts your rate of success. things would have been diferent if Northern iraqi leaders had any idea how diplomacy works. In diplomacy you dont show someone elses teeth as soon as the americans leave I am sure Iraq will be screaming less insults to none. --Coolcat 17:20, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

We'll better get this article in shape!

controversial edits
The following revert was done for the stated reason that a user was banned, apparently without regard to the edits, which were substantial. Is this not clearly counter to policy?

Why Kurdistan should not be considered a region or a country
Removed the following paragraph because it sounded biased. Please re-write, someone! --Guppie, 31.12.2003

"Preventing official formation of Kurdistan is of Turkey a major goal of regional control. Because of NATO alliance of Turkey and United States, USA is hesitate to support Kurds in Iraq, even backing away from promises in war."

It would be nice if someone listed/linked the exact provinces of Iraq which are inhabited by Kurds. --Shallot 02:14, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Kurdistan have never existed before in history and will never exist in the land of Ashur - Assyria. Kurds can make border OUTSIDE Assyria but once they claim Assyria as theirs they want to OCCUPY a land. ASSYRIA is the historical name for upper Mesopotamia with its capital Nineveh (Mosul of today). And some day Assyria will rise just like Isaiah said - the true prophet that prophezided about Jesus.

 * Creating a nation is more rigorous than what people think. First of all the populution in the area must support your claims. Then countries need to recognise you. After that the UN has to declare you a country. For the country "Kurdistan" this process havent started.
 * You can declare yourself a country as much as you like but unless people think you are, yu aren't. Also, you cannot come up with regions on your own unless you own Political, Millitary, and Diplomatic control over the region.
 * That is pretty much why I want to declare it as "high density Kurdish populated area" for the sake of a) clarity, b) neutrality, c) reality
 * Hence this article is pointless. However a group of people like to refer to this hypotetical "motherland" of theirs under this umbrella.
 * Any nation that does not own the territory declaring the region as something else than what it is is rather futile as well. This is like US declaring Canada a 51st state out of the blue. Unless they invade the place it would only be a sign of futility. (Just for clarity of the ignorant US never declared Canada a 51st state it was merely an example to explain my case)
 * The comments in the article refering to the accent ridicule. That happens almost anywhere. In the US for example the Soulthern accent is ridiculed up north on a daily basis. Back in Turkey its simmilar, although some people are quite easily offended. --Coolcat 23:44, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * So officialy there is no Kurdistan. Its as valid as Yugoslavia. Which used to be an actual county.
 * If officialy it does not exist claiming it to exist is rather irrational. --Coolcat 17:20, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Ethnic cleansing
Could somebody explain the "ethnic cleansing of millions"? It's not the same to murder millions than forcing their relocation.

 * If you actually read the article on ethnic cleansing you might notice that the first sentence states "The term ethnic cleansing refers to various policies of forcibly removing people of another ethnic group. At one end of the spectrum, it is virtually indistinguishable from forced emigration and population transfer, while at the other it merges with deportation and genocide." So unless you believe the Turkish scholarly propaganda for the last 80 years that Kurds are nothing but "mountain Turks" and the language a dialect of Turkish, this constitutes ethnic cleansing. - Dejitarob 04:56, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

You are misrepresenting the facts, the things you have mentioned are the events that have taken place after the '80 coup d'etat and did not last much. So the so called 80 years is nothing but a simple exaggeration. And stuff like "mountain Turks" is not taught scholarly. The saying was one of many gaffes of Kenan Evren.kunefge 23:37, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Kurds are not a race. They may be a sub-race. primarily on the planet there are 3 races. The European (White), Far Eastern (Yellow), African (Black). Everything esle derives from these three geneticaly. Kurdish dialects will have great difficulty communicating with each other if they can at all. Some scholars refer to them as uneque languages. If Kurds have Iranian orrigin that means they are Iranian not Kurdish. If they are this race of people isolated from the rest of the worlds Gene pool in the past, oh I dont know 2000+ years? They are a race on their own. --Coolcat 17:20, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I am not dismissing the Kurds as a race. All I am trying to explain is the distinction of a Kurd isn't too terribly diferent from people around, Geneticaly speaking. The culure isn't to far off either. People exchange cultures. Some of Turkish traditions originated in Greece, some of the Greek traditions originated in Turkey. Exchange of cultures is only natural. That's how things have been since the beggining of time. --Coolcat 17:20, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

-- Biased?

"In this war, the Turkish government destroyed more than 3,000 Kurdish villages and performed ethnic cleansing of around several million Kurds from their land, with full acknowledgement from the West. Even the everyday use of the Kurdish language was strictly banned in Turkey until recently. There are tens of thousands of documented cases of torture, disappearances etc."
 * That is more than likely propoganda. Does not belong to wikipedia --Coolcat 07:55, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The Turkish government had to vacate and relocate the villages because of the terrorist threat, or aid to terrorists due to fear of death or raid. And they were not "Kurdish villages" they were villages of Turkish-Kurdish people living in. Therefore rather than the government the terrorists should be blamed, because the aim of the action was to secure the villagers. Also there has not been any "ethnic cleansing" because these people were Turks (as the Kurds are also considered Turks in Turkey, which I think Europe and America is foreign to that belief) and "cleaning" their own people is not sth the government would do.

Another matter is that the everyday use of the Kurdish language was not banned, people talked Kurdish publicly but talking Kurdish in the senate was banned but now by a law recently made it is not either. I have seen those documented cases of torture, disappearances etc. because of the terrorists. One last thing is the last sentence. Rather political and vague, thus more a speculation as what it suggests. As a result I see the Turkey section of the article not representing the truth and thus biased.

 * "the aim of the action was to secure the villagers" The villages were not under attack, rather Turkish military posts and positions. The fact of the matter is, the government forcibly relocated around 3,000 villages west because of their sympathies and support for the PKK i.e. supplying intel about Turkish security forces movements, food and shelter. The Turkish government denied this all along, saying only about 2-3% of the villagers help the PKK, while the PKK would never have been able to operate without the support of the local population. "One mans terrorists are another man's freedom fighters" goes the saying attributed to Reagan talking about Nicaraguan contras. Simply calling one a terrorist does not justify the use of torture or any similar abhorrent actions.
 * "Another matter is that the everyday use of the Kurdish language was not banned" Any reference to Kurds, their culture or use of their language was banned until President Özal exempted private discussion in 1991, essentially making legal what was already widespread . However, the passage of an anti-terrorism law the same year made any talk about "seperatism" an issue of national security and punishable by jail and fines. Therefore, public speech and publications that promote Kurdish culture are heavily restricted.  - Dejitarob 22:42, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

"One man's terrorists are another man's freedom fighters"? They were called terrorists because they were killing people -including "civilians". You may believe that you deserve a country of your own; but if the way to your dream goes through Turks' lives or our country, believe me you are better off as you are today. If your dream is to improve the lives of your people, believe me you are not alone because they are my people as well.
 * They are declared a terrorist organisation by the EU and the US. --Coolcat 07:55, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

"The villages under question, were under attack by PKK. The villagers were threatened by Pkk militants for aid (food, clothes etc) and the ones who opposed were killed. The locals express this especially in late 80's and early 90's that "if you oppose the government you get imprisoned but if you oppose the Pkk you get killed." Pkk obtained their so-called sympathy through spreading fear which can be seen as one of the means of terrorism. Fear was the main driving motive of the group against the locals. Therefore there are reports of many distressed villagers calling for aid during the turmoil most of whom are relocated. Evidently those people had no sympathy for any terrorist action or the ones that are using it as an instrument to obtain power, rather they were forced to help. Also there is a vast difference between being a terrorist and being a freedom fighter. The ones that grasp this difference bring peace, others bring only death, destruction, turmoil and hatred among the inhabitants.kunefge 23:25, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * There is a thin line between a freedom fighter and a terrorist. Their job description is almost identical. Senseless killing at its best. --Coolcat 07:55, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

--

I think that the brutal killing of Kurds by Saddam Hussein should be mentioned in this article, as it is an undisputed part of Kurdish history. At least Halabsha should be mentioned, where Hussein killed 20,000 Kurdish civilians with mustard gas manufactured with components purchased from Europe. I'm surprised it's not mentioned anywhere in the article.

Early autonomy in Iraq
Didn't early Saddam establish some kind of autonomy for Kurds?
 * Not that I ever read of. In 1991 there was a semi-autonomous region enforced by no-fly zones as the article states. - Dejitarob 02:54, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * He did. According to the Dutch Bosatlas, the was an official Kurdish autonomous are since 1970. It meant nothing, however. Gerritholl aka Topjaklont | Talk 20:27, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The map in the Kurdish Wikipedia
The map in the Kurdish Wikipedia is claiming much more for a possible Kurdistan, as can be seen at. It goes south as far as the oil rich Khuzestan province of Iran, and includes Masjed Soleyman, the first city of Iran where petroleum was discovered, which is clearly populated by Arabs, not Kurds. Would someone experienced in the matter, or the Kurdish language, please explain? Roozbeh 23:15, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Differences with the Kurdish version
There are many differences between this article and its Kurdish version. It really seems to me that these are not the same thing. The Kurdish version looks much more like a plan of a future country instead of an encyclopedic article about the region. Unfortunately I don't know Kurdish, but I can read the name of cities like Khorramabad (Xorramabad in the article) which is clearly a Lur (See Lur, Lorestan, and Demographics of Iran) area. Would someone who knows Kurdish please explain or make sure the Kurdish version is encyclopedic? Roozbeh 23:25, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Abdullah Öcalan is still being imprisoned lifelong in Turkey since 1999 for his terrorist activities, murdering thousands of Turkish villagers and war crimes against Turkish Republic.

Can somebody fact-check this affirmation ? I can't find any supporting information on the article of Abdullah Öcalan. Bogdan | Talk 17:26, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The "Turkey" section is pure propaganda!
The person who wrote this should be anti-Turkish and anti-Kurdish, misstating the facts and aiming to make the peoples enemy at each other. Because nearly all the section was deliberately expressed falsely. All the "Great Turkish Race", "Fascist Turks", "Kurds were massacred", "Ridiculed, oppressed Kurds" stuff are purely histrionic deceptive statements. This is so clear that, even the comedy movies are considered "antiKurdish". Can the writer of the article show me one ridiculing thing against the Kurds, in those movies? Also there is no active dispute going on, why is the article locked? One last thing, make your propoganda in places other than here, this is an encyclopedia!!kunefge 28.09.2004
 * In my opinion the entier article is extremely biased. Most of the "information" is pure propoganda and is not remotely close to reality.

The accents of Kurds in Turkish is not "a source of entertainment" and the accents they use is not used only by them, Turkmens in the region use this accent also. The movies that have been mentioned are socio-comedy movies criticizing the feudal economy in the Eastern Regions in Turkey as anyone who watches can easily see. Karagöz is a comedy play so nearly all of the characters have funny styles, thus the "Kurd" character (Harputlu) is also one of them (and not the main). I guess the writer doesn't know much about the Ortaoyunu because as it is a "public play" the dialects and cultures of different districts appear which demonstrates the richness of culture in Turkey. Also the social remarks are also falsely presented, "bear" means "impolite, rude" and it is used in this way, and there is no direct connection with Kurds. "Fascism ... has always been marginal in Turkey" says Erik Jan Zürcher in his "History of Modern Turkey" and adds that the idea never found support by the government. So the people whose quotes have been put, represent only a very small fraction.kunefge 12.10.2004
 * If you cant handle humor which Karagöz is about I feel sorry for you. --Coolcat 07:55, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * purely histrionic deceptive statements According to whom? Your Turkish history book? Turkey has been through numerous military coups, assassinations, rampant human rights abuses and didn't even have a constitution till 1982. In 1993, Robert Kaplan states the Turkish military organized a quiet coup after Ozal's death. In 1998, the military sent a memorandum to Prime Minister Erbakan requesting that he resign, citing his support for religious policies deemed dangerous to Turkey's secular nature, which he did shortly after. Pro-Turkish historians and apologists say fascism was marginal, but it appears ultra-nationalism and the military has always played a large role in Turkish politics. If you believe that the Turkish section is pure propaganda, feel free to add Turkish counter claims into the article, if you think you can do so citing reputable sources. - Dejitarob 03:13, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Excuse me let me get this straight now you blame everything to the Turkish Millitary. in 1998 thre was no coup read the dictionary definition. My source is not a Turkish history book I was alive in 1998. The only reasion Kurds werent massacred by Saddam during Gulf War 1 was the Turkish army as there was a very significant presence. The Tukish millitary prevented what happend to Iran. Religion based goverments simply dont work. There is no such thing as quiet coup. If Turkish Armed forces hated the kurds so much I dont think any Kurd would be alive today. As Turkish Army is ranked #11 among world armed forces derived from technology, man power, performance. --Coolcat 07:55, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Dejitarob, perhaps you could as well cite a reference from a reputable source when claiming that Turkey had no constitution until 1982, because even the Ottoman Empire had numerous constitutions (1808, 1839 proclamations, and 1876 and 1909 constitutios), and the constitution of the Turkish Republic was shaped, signed and approved by the Ankara parliament even before the republic was proclaimed, in 1921. There were other constitutions before 1982: 1924 and 1961. It would be ridiculous to think of a republic without a constitution, wouldn't it? Also, let me remind you that as far as assassinations and military coups go, well the United States had a few assassinations, and Greece, Cyprus, Spain also had some coups.
 * Turkey had a constitution since it declared its independence. Anything before that is interesting but not Turkeys responsibility. --Coolcat 07:55, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * A request for references claiming that comedy films did not ridicule Kurds is irrational. One certainly must ask for proof for the opposite, though. Someone who has to make any comments about those films ridiculing Kurds by mimicking their accents perhaps has to differentiate between a Kurdish accent and, say, a Sivas accent. --leandros 23:01, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Have you ever watched American comedians mock soultherners? Humor by definition finds what is funny. Any accent than the "regular" accent will be funny.

Subjective and Full of Hate
Article about Turkey,is subjective and anti-Turkish.This shows typical double-standart of the west.Andrew Jackson can kill Indians,Polk can kill Mexicans and steal the northern half of Mexico whose inhabitants were prodominantly Mexicans,Winston Churchill can crush Irish rebels(and Kurdish rebels in Iraq).When west does it,it is ok and it is always for the name of democracy,peace and prosperity.But when Turkey react against fundamentalist(not patriotic)rebellion(not supported by region people but the feces-eating British Empire),Turks are called Fascist killers. You can deny the Kurdish prime ministers,parliment members,rich businessmen,artists who enjoy their lives in Turkey.You can deny the region people who elect their own representetives in Turkey and cheer for 2 warlords as if they are the legal representetives in Northern Iraq. USSR was collapsed.Yugoslavia was collapsed.Iraq was collapsed.But make no mistake.Turkey is a legal country whose borders were not drawed by some politicians but by the bloods of heroic soldiers who died in the War of Independence.
 * Turkey drew its own borders. That makes them Uneque in the middle east (asside from Israel which also drew their borders, sort of) --Coolcat 07:55, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

@ Mr. Anonymous

I don't think that you can object to a single fact in the article. Didn't Sabiha Gokcen bomb Dersim? Didn't Bozkurt talk that way? You are not aware of even your own history. All you can do is mere jingoist propaganda but no mention of a denial of the material facts and quotes cited in the article. The article is full of historical evidence. And you, sir, on the contrary, just talk "westerners want to divide us", "all the world envies Turks", etc., etc, typical nationalistic (either of left or right variants) paranoia. You cannot stand the fact that someone talks about the reality. Please be strong enough to face some labour and try to read something else than your standard Turkish schoolbook text. - Bad Samaritan Mr Bad Samaritan
 * Well, I dont know where you are from and where you lived. I lived throughout the country in question. I am not a college professor who makes up random comments on things he really has any idea of. In Turkey a kurd was elected president. While Kurds want "rights" the right way to achive those is through democratic way called the parliment. Now if Kurds feel like burning turkish flags on their Party convention that makes poor publicity --Coolcat 07:55, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

First of all I would like thank you for discussing this matter with me in such a kind language. I did NOT deny the reaction of Ankara government to the uprising.I am NOT a nationalist in a racist way but I am a defensive patriot against the enemies of my country.I served my country in the war against PKK.I saw my fellow soldiers killed by terrorists.I SAW the war.I can't be neutral because I am in the one side. Mr Bad Samaritan.Tell me one uprising in history whose aim is to divide a country,which is not responded by war.Even in the civil war,Northern Yankees crushed their Southern brothers. 600000 people died in American civil war.I will not deny Ankara made mistakes.Can you deny that there is a Kurdish elite who enjoy their life in Turkey?If you notice PKK terror started RIGHT AFTER GAP(South-Eastern Anatolia Project)started in 1984.GAP project is same as the TVA(Tennesse Valley PRoject)whose aim is to develop the poor region.If you know the area,there is NO terror in Gaziantep,Sanlıurfa and Diyarbakır whose population is %99 Kurd.Why?Because those people are happy with their life. My proof of "Westerners divide us"-theory is simple.The guns we got from the terrorists we captured,were made in the west;most of the countries who make them(ironicly)are NATO members who are supposed to be allies. Mr Bad Samaritan.You advise me to read something else.Ok I will.But I advise you to read history and especially people who uprose against Turks.-Preston @ Mr. Preston
 * The GAP project would benefit the kurds most. Primarily organisations like the PKK are responsible for the lack of progress.

Sir, first of all, I shall assert that I can understand your sentiments rooting from a violent past, sealed with a so-called "low intensity warfare" in the region. It is true that one may have shaped his/her political stand with an autobiographical background. However, what we have here is something utterly different from what you try to discuss. You admit that you can't be neutral in such a matter. Yes, nobody can, in such a matter so thoroughly political. What should be discussed is the "factual accuracy". You claim that "Northern Yankees" (by the way, there existed no "Southern Yankees" at all) crushed the South. Well, that's a historical fact. And I thought you could have gone further by mentioning the atrocities by General Sherman's troops. Now, we come to a point. This is the distinction between assertions and apology. What you are trying to do is simple and intrinsical apology. You claim that Ankara made "mistakes" (a discourse you could not hear in Turkey until recent times), that is to say, is justified for what she has done. And those "mistakes" are merely the facts themselves. In fact, you don't deny the facts, justify or - at times - criticise them. This attitude does have nothing to do with your objections. I mean, nobody in the US denies the Sherman atrocities but also nobody (at least with minimal mental sanity) tries to justify them. You may feel free to compare the case of Kurdistan to another case in the world (GAP to TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) or Kurdistan to Basque Country (remember Mrs. Çiller?)). But, I should say that each case is unique with its own particularities and peculiarities. Finally, Antep and Urfa were the powerbases of PKK prior to coup d'état. I prefer to stick to the point that you should read more. But the problem is that, sir, there are too much prejudices of you. First of all, you should get rid of the judgement that any Kurdish aspiration is necessarily an "act of terrorism". I think that is what the whole deal is all about. Best Regards - Bad Samaritan Mr.Bad Samaritan

It is nice to hear from you again.I'd like to clear out something and I'd like YOU clear out something if you please.I went to collage in the states.Then I served in the army 18 months (12 months in Hakkari).I am honest to myself and everyone else.I will and cannot change. First of all,I have no BIAS nor hatred to Kurdish people.I am not racist nor stupid so I have no hatred against to Greeks,Armenians,Jews as some idiots(I accept) in my country have. Mr Bad Samaritan.I'd like to know your ethnic background.Because while I was in collage,I saw and met people who have never been to Turkey,never met one single Turk in their life but hating Turks.Are you one of those people?Because after we met and knew each other,ALL of them changed their minds and stopped hating. But if you are a Kurd from the region,I will emphasize my statement "Ankara made mistakes".Ankara didn't make mistakes by trying to respond the civil war.Ankara did make mistakes by listening Kurdish feudals who think only themselves,not the region people.You know Ataturk tried to improve the region by building schools boys AND GİRLS(which was unthinkable in 1920's Islamic world). But after 1950,politicians became populist and gave up the healing the region.I believe everyone deserves What I am trying to say,"-Problem can be solved by school and business not by guns.But make no mistake.There won't be a Kurdistan in Eastern Turkey." There is a Turkish phrase."-Do you want to eat to grape?Do you want to beat the farmer?" What I really want to know "-Do you and WEST want to make conditions better for Kurds?Or do you want to divide Turkey as you wanted in 1920?"I welcome the first one by all means but forget the second one to the end of the world. One last thing.1-History repeats itself.2-People and politics are always same everywhere. With respect-Preston
 * I insist kurds are in general a peacefull group of people. An average Kurd living in turkey does not have claims for an independent state. i never met such a person and I moved around the country once every two years or so fourth. Any nation with a future will opose loosing terrioty. I honestly believe an independent kurdish state in the region would lead to a war at best. Instead of changing Law and order completely, kurds should use what they have. Turkey did not massacre the kurds. Saddam on the other hand did. Kurds should use democracy and diplomacy to achieve their goals. In diplomacy you dont get everything you want. You make comprimises. The system is based on finding something that benefits both sides. Any attempt to take more than you give will not work as thats a one sided deal that hurts the other party. --Coolcat 07:55, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The facts represented here point out only to a small faction and being deliberately tried to be shown as this small faction is the main and only driving force, therefore misrepresenting the facts by what we call a biased perspective. Let's suppose Bozkurt uttered those, so what? I can quote only the Kurds who are fascist and show that the aim of Kurds is to terorrize and exterminate different races/groups (which actually is not the case where most people fall in this fallacy, and not only for Kurds) This is not the way an encyclopedia presents the facts. Many people like Bozkurt may have said so many things but the main course of the Turkish government was not and is not how he "aimed" it would be. (Still I could not be able to find a resource to validate his speech, can anyone tell me one?) Also it can easily be seen from only the "Great Turkish Race" theme that the user tried his/her best to misrepresent the facts by trying to show people defending their country as fascists. That's why there is a huge difference between encyclopedic representing of facts and biased representing of facts.kunefge 00:02, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kurdistan/Archive 1


text:
River Aeron

The River Aeron (Afon Aeron) is a small river in Ceredigion, Wales, that flows into Cardigan Bay at Aberaeron. It is also referred to on some older maps as the River Ayron.

Etymology
The name of the river means "battle" or "slaughter" and derives from the Middle Welsh aer with the same meaning. Aeron is believed to have been a Welsh god of war. Past interpretations of the name have included that of William Owen Pughe, who in his Dictionary of the Welsh Language believed Aeron meant "queen of brightness". Aeron can also mean berries, fruit and grain. It is a word that suggests the fruitfulness of the autumn harvest in a valley of plenty.

Sources and Valley
The Aeron has its source in Llyn Eiddwen, in the range of hills called Mynydd Bach. It then follows a more or less westerly and then north-westerly track to the sea. It has a rather broad river valley bounded by low hills and has relatively few significant tributaries which include the Gwenffrwd, Nant Wysg, Nant Picadilly, Nant y Wernen and Nant Rhiw Afallan. The Afon Mydr drains an area of old woodlands and dairy farming and includes the old farm of Rhiwbren Fawr.

On its way to the sea, the Aeron passes through the villages of Talsarn, Felinfach, Ystrad Aeron and Ciliau Aeron, where it runs alongside the restored walled garden (now in the care of a local charity) of Ty Glyn Mansion.

A mile or so later, the Aeron then flows close to the restored mansion at Llanerchaeron which is now in the care of the National Trust before entering the town of Aberaeron where it passes into Cardigan Bay. There's a walk following the Aeron that runs along the river bank between Llanerchaeron and Aberaeron.

It’s an indication of the fertility of the Aeron valley that eight mansions were built in the 18th and 19th centuries along the valley between Talsarn and Aberaeron, with two more looking down on the Aeron from above.

Despite the relatively small size of the river, it sustains a population of salmon and brown trout.

Although the Aeron has suffered from intermittent pollution including some severe incidents in the 1970s caused by creamery waste and crude sewage escapes in the Felinfach area, the principal impacts are now diffuse agricultural waste, pesticides from agriculture and acidification especially from upland forestry plantations.

Literary tradition
Dylan Thomas lived near the banks of the river in the 1940s, at a secluded mansion called Plas Gelli, just outside Talsarn. He called the Aeron valley "the most precious place in the world." He also mentions the peacefulness of the Aeron valley in his 1949 radio broadcast, Living in Wales. It’s said that Dylan and his wife, Caitlin, named their daughter, Aeronwy, after the Aeron. The Dylan Thomas Trail follows the river from Talsarn to Aberaeron.

Talsarn and its hinterland was once the centre of a thriving group of country poets (beirdd y wlad ). They included John Davies (1722–1799), John Jenkins (1825–1894) and his brother Joseph Jenkins (1818–1898), Jenkin Jenkins Felincoed (1845–1892), William Lloyd (d.1911, Llundain Fach), Dinah Davies Tynrhos (1851–1931), David Davies (Perthneuadd) and Dan Jenkins Pentrefelin (1856–1946). Joseph Jenkins also wrote for agricultural journals, as well as writing a book on his travels in Australia.

The village of Ystrad Aeron, a few miles along the River Aeron from Talsarn, was the home of the bookbinder and poet, John Davies (Shôn Dafydd y Crydd) 1722–1799. Davies’ diary with poems for 1 January 1796 to 19 December 1799 is in the National Library of Wales. It is available online.

The next village along the Aeron from Ystrad Aeron is Ciliau Aeron, which also has a varied literary tradition. The dockworker-poet James Hughes (Iago Trichrug) 1799-1844 was born here at Neuadd-ddu.

The poet-priest David Davis (Dafis Castellhywel), 1745-1827 had his first ministry in the village's Unitarian chapel.

The Dylan Thomas Trail runs through Ciliau Aeron, passing the Ty Glyn Aeron hotel, which had once been the home from the early 1900s of the poet and writer, Evelyn Anna Lewes (1873–1961). One of her books was A Guide to Aberaeron and the Aeron Valley (1922). She is entered in the Dictionary of Welsh Biography. The publisher, Geoffrey Faber, bought the mansion in 1930 and T. S. Eliot took his holidays there throughout the 1930s.

The poet, Stevie Krayer, who lived in Ciliau Aeron for over twenty years, has written a sequence of poems about the Aeron.

title: River Aeron


text: User talk:Paul starling

title: User talk:Paul starling


text:
Billy Talbot

William Hammond Talbot (born October 23, 1943 ) is an American singer-songwriter and musician, best known as the bassist of Crazy Horse.

Music career
Born in New York City, Talbot started his musical career singing on street corners at the age of 14. He moved to New Jersey with his family the next year, and by 17 he had moved to Los Angeles. There, he befriended fellow expatriate New Yorkers Ralph Molina, Danny Whitten and Benjamin Rocco. Together they formed a doo-wop group called Danny and the Memories. After moving the group to San Francisco, they morphed into The Psyrcle, which eventually grew to encompass Leon and George Whitsell along with Bobby Notkoff. At this point, Talbot and his bandmates renamed the group The Rockets.

In 1967, the group met Neil Young, who at the time was a member of Buffalo Springfield. This meeting saw Molina, Whitten, and Talbot join forces with Young to create Crazy Horse.

Talbot began performing solo in 1999 at small venues. In October 2004, Talbot struck out on his own with The Billy Talbot Band, releasing the album Alive in the Spirit World on Sanctuary Records. In 2013, the band released their second album On the Road to Spearfish on Vapor Records.

In 2013 Talbot joined forces with Ralph Molina, George Whitsell and Ryan James Holzer to form the band Wolves. They released their first album Wolves EP on February 16, 2014. In June 2014, Talbot suffered a minor stroke and was forced to sit out Crazy Horse's imminent European tour. He has since recovered and rejoined the band.

The Billy Talbot Band
Albums

 * Alive in the Spirit World (2004)
 * On the Road to Spearfish (2013)

Contributions

 * "Rain", "Cherish", and "The Hunter" (2023) for All Roads Lead Home

with Wolves
EP

 * Wolves (2014)

title: Billy Talbot


text:
Gladys Mitchell

Gladys Maude Winifred Mitchell (21 April 1901 – 27 July 1983) was an English writer best known for her creation of Mrs Bradley, the heroine of 66 detective novels. She also wrote under the pseudonyms Stephen Hockaby and Malcolm Torrie. Fêted during her life (called "the Great Gladys" by Philip Larkin), her work has been largely neglected in the decades since her death.

Life
Gladys Maude Winifred Mitchell was born in Cowley, Oxford on 19 April 1901 to James, a market gardener of Scottish parentage, and Annie. She was educated at Rothschild School, Brentford and The Green School. From 1919 to 1921 she attended Goldsmiths College and University College London.

Upon her graduation, Mitchell became a teacher of history, English and games at St Paul's School, Brentford until 1925. She then taught at St Ann's Senior Girls School, Hanwell until 1939. In 1926 she obtained an external diploma in European History from University College, and she then began to write novels while continuing to teach. In 1941 she joined Brentford School for Girls where she stayed until 1950. After a three-year break from teaching, she took a job at Matthew Arnold School, Staines, where she taught English and history, coached hurdling and wrote the annual school play until her retirement to Corfe Mullen, Dorset in 1961. She continued to write until her death aged 82 on 27 July 1983. Her estate was valued at £48 082.

She was a member of the Middlesex Education Association, the British Olympic Association, the Crime Writers' Association, PEN and the Society of Authors. Her hobbies included architecture and writing poetry. She studied the works of Sigmund Freud and her interest in witchcraft was encouraged by her friend the detective novelist Helen Simpson. Mitchell never married.

Work
Mitchell wrote at least one novel a year throughout her career. Her first novel (Speedy Death, 1929) introduced Beatrice Adela Lestrange Bradley, a polymathic psychoanalyst and author who was featured in a further 65 novels. Her strong views and those of her assistant, Laura Menzies, on social and philosophical issues reflected those of her author; they appear to have been something of a self-portrait of the young Mitchell, reflecting, for good or ill, the standards of the modern, post-war era of the 1920s.

Mitchell was an early member of the Detection Club along with G. K. Chesterton, Agatha Christie and Dorothy L. Sayers and throughout the 1930s was considered to be one of the "Big Three women detective writers", but she often challenged and mocked the conventions of the genre – notably in her earliest books, such as the first novel Speedy Death, where there is a particularly surprising twist to the plot, or her parodies of Christie in The Mystery of a Butcher's Shop (1929) and The Saltmarsh Murders (1932). Her plots and settings were unconventional with Freudian psychology, witchcraft (notably in The Devil at Saxon Wall [1935] and The Worsted Viper [1943]) and the supernatural (naiads and Nessie, ghosts and Greek gods) as recurrent themes.

In addition to her 66 Mrs. Bradley novels Mitchell also used the pseudonyms of Stephen Hockaby (for a series of historical novels) and Malcolm Torrie (for a series of detective stories featuring an architect named Timothy Herring) and wrote ten children's books under her own name.

After her death Mitchell's work was neglected although three posthumously published novels sold well in the 1980s. Radio adaptations were made (by Elizabeth Proud) of Speedy Death (6 October 1990) and The Mystery of a Butcher's Shop (11 & 18 December 1991) both with Mary Wimbush as Mrs Bradley and broadcast on BBC Radio 4; both adaptations were very faithful to the original books. A BBC television series, The Mrs Bradley Mysteries (starring Diana Rigg) was produced in 1999; however, the characteristic cackle and crocodilian looks were absent, and the plots and characters were changed. Several of her books were published in large print editions in the mid 1980s.

By the mid 1990s, only one of her novels was in regular print: a Virago Press paperback edition of The Rising of the Moon (1945) – which is still in print. Something of a renaissance began in 2005 with the publication of a collection of hitherto unpublished short stories, Sleuth's Alchemy, by Crippen & Landru. In the same year Minnow Press published a new edition of her rare 1940 novel Brazen Tongue. Also, Rue Morgue Press published new editions of Death at the Opera (1934) and When Last I Died (1941) – this publisher now has a total of nine Mrs Bradley books in print. Minnow Press continued their Mrs Bradley Collectors' Series with the reissue of the scarce 1939 title Printer's Error in 2007, The Worsted Viper in 2009, and Hangman's Curfew in 2010. Of the four Minnow Press titles, only the last two are still in print. More recently, Random House has published nine titles in paperback and as ebooks under their Vintage imprint, Greyladies has published Convent on the Styx (1976) in paperback, and Groaning Spinney (1950) was republished as Murder in the Snow: a Cotswold Christmas Mystery.

Although critical opinion is divided on what is her best work, her strengths and style can be gleaned from the following 16 books: The Saltmarsh Murders (1932), Death at the Opera (1934), The Devil at Saxon Wall (1935), Come Away, Death (1937), Brazen Tongue (1940), When Last I Died (1941), The Rising of the Moon (1945), Death and the Maiden (1947), The Dancing Druids (1948), Tom Brown's Body (1949), Groaning Spinney (1950), The Echoing Strangers (1952), Merlin's Furlong (1953), Dance to Your Daddy (1969), Nest of Vipers (1979), and The Greenstone Griffins (1983). The Gladys Mitchell Tribute Site has reviews of almost all the books in its Bibliography section.

Novels

 * Speedy Death, (London: Gollancz, 1929)
 * The Mystery of a Butcher's Shop, (London: Gollancz, 1929)
 * The Longer Bodies, (London: Gollancz, 1930)
 * The Saltmarsh Murders, (London: Gollancz, 1932)
 * Death at the Opera, (London: Grayson, 1934)
 * The Devil at Saxon Wall, (London: Grayson, 1935)
 * Dead Men's Morris, (London: Michael Joseph, 1936)
 * Come Away, Death, (London: Michael Joseph, 1937)
 * St Peter's Finger, (London: Michael Joseph, 1938)
 * Printer's Error, (London: Michael Joseph, 1939)
 * Brazen Tongue, (London: Michael Joseph, 1940)
 * Hangman's Curfew, (London: Michael Joseph, 1941)
 * When Last I Died, (London: Michael Joseph, 1941)
 * Laurels are Poison, (London: Michael Joseph, 1942)
 * The Worsted Viper, (London: Michael Joseph, 1943)
 * Sunset Over Soho, (London: Michael Joseph, 1943)
 * My Father Sleeps, (London: Michael Joseph, 1944)
 * The Rising of the Moon, (London: Michael Joseph, 1945)
 * Here Comes a Chopper, (London: Michael Joseph, 1946)
 * Death and the Maiden, (London: Michael Joseph, 1947)
 * The Dancing Druids, (London: Michael Joseph, 1948)
 * Tom Brown's Body, (London: Michael Joseph, 1949)
 * Groaning Spinney, (London: Michael Joseph, 1950)
 * The Devil's Elbow, (London: Michael Joseph, 1951)
 * The Echoing Strangers, (London: Michael Joseph, 1952)
 * Merlin's Furlong, (London: Michael Joseph, 1953)
 * Faintley Speaking, (London: Michael Joseph, 1954)
 * Watson's Choice, (London: Michael Joseph, 1955)
 * Twelve Horses and the Hangman's Noose, (London: Michael Joseph, 1956)
 * The Twenty-Third Man, (London: Michael Joseph, 1957)
 * Spotted Hemlock, (London: Michael Joseph, 1958)
 * The Man Who Grew Tomatoes, (London: Michael Joseph, 1959)
 * Say It with Flowers, (London: Michael Joseph, 1960)
 * The Nodding Canaries, (London: Michael Joseph, 1961)
 * My Bones Will Keep, (London: Michael Joseph, 1962)
 * Adders on the Heath, (London: Michael Joseph, 1963)
 * Death of a Delft Blue, (London: Michael Joseph, 1964)
 * Pageant of Murder, (London: Michael Joseph, 1965)
 * The Croaking Raven, (London: Michael Joseph, 1966)
 * Skeleton Island, (London: Michael Joseph, 1967)
 * Three Quick and Five Dead, (London: Michael Joseph, 1968)
 * Dance to Your Daddy, (London: Michael Joseph, 1969)
 * Gory Dew, (London: Michael Joseph, 1970)
 * Lament for Leto, (London: Michael Joseph, 1971)
 * A Hearse on May-Day, (London: Michael Joseph, 1972)
 * The Murder of Busy Lizzie, (London: Michael Joseph, 1973)
 * A Javelin for Jonah, (London: Michael Joseph, 1974)
 * Winking at the Brim, (London: Michael Joseph, 1974)
 * Convent on Styx, (London: Michael Joseph, 1975)
 * Late, Late in the Evening, (London: Michael Joseph, 1976)
 * Noonday and Night, (London: Michael Joseph, 1977)
 * Fault in the Structure, (London: Michael Joseph, 1977)
 * Wraiths and Changelings, (London: Michael Joseph, 1978)
 * Mingled with Venom, (London: Michael Joseph, 1978)
 * Nest of Vipers, (London: Michael Joseph, 1979)
 * The Mudflats of the Dead, (London: Michael Joseph, 1979)
 * Uncoffin'd Clay, (London: Michael Joseph, 1980)
 * The Whispering Knights, (London: Michael Joseph, 1980)
 * The Death-Cap Dancers, (London: Michael Joseph, 1981)
 * Lovers, Make Moan, (London: Michael Joseph, 1981)
 * Here Lies Gloria Mundy, (London: Michael Joseph, 1982)
 * Death of a Burrowing Mole, (London: Michael Joseph, 1982)
 * The Greenstone Griffins, (London: Michael Joseph, 1983)
 * Cold, Lone and Still, (London: Michael Joseph, 1983)
 * No Winding-Sheet, (London: Michael Joseph, 1984)
 * The Crozier Pharaohs, (London: Michael Joseph, 1984)

Short Story Collection

 * Sleuth's Alchemy, Cases of Mrs. Bradley and Others (Crippen & Landru, 2005). A collection of all but one of Gladys Mitchell's short stories from 1938 to 1956, many previously uncollected; edited and with a comprehensive introduction by Nicholas Fuller: "The Case of the hundred cats", "Daisy Bell", "Strangers' Hall", "A Light on murder", "Rushy Glen", "Juniper gammon", "Manor Park", "A Jar of ginger", "The Knife", "The Practical joke", "Our pageant", "The Tree", "Sammy", "Peach jam", "The Plumb-line", "The Haunted house", "Falling petals", "The Price of lead", "The Spell", "The Bit of garden", "The Swimming gala", "The Tooth-pick", "The Bodkin", "The Boxer", "The Visitor", "The Oversight", "The Manuscript", "The Fish-pond", "The Alibi", "The vacuum cleaner", "Arsenic in the house"

as Malcolm Torrie
Mystery novels:
 * Heavy as Lead, (London: Michael Joseph, 1966)
 * Late and Cold, (London: Michael Joseph, 1967)
 * Your Secret Friend, (London: Michael Joseph, 1968)
 * Churchyard Salad, (London: Michael Joseph, 1969)
 * Shades of Darkness, (London: Michael Joseph, 1970)
 * Bismarck Herrings, (London: Michael Joseph, 1971)

as Stephen Hockaby
Historical adventure novels:
 * Marsh Hay, (London: Michael Joseph, 1933)
 * Seven Stars and Orion, (London: Michael Joseph, 1934)
 * Gabriel's Hold, (London: Michael Joseph, 1935)
 * Shallow Brown, (London: Michael Joseph, 1936)
 * Grand Master, (London: Michael Joseph, 1939)

title: Gladys Mitchell


text:
Taha Uku

Taha Uku is a small bay on the north shore of Ta‘a ‘Oa (the Bay of Traitors) on the southern coast of Hiva ‘Oa.

The bay is provides one of the best anchorages in the whole of the Marquesas. It lies just to the east of Atuona, the administrative center of the southern Marquesas. Taha Uku is separated from Atuona Bay by a headland called Feki.

title: Taha Uku


text:
Talk:King Kong Bundy

Untitled
A number of events described in this article are taken completely at face value, possibly confusing the player (Chris Pallies) and the role (King Kong Bundy). Did Chris really assault a colleague, or did Chris's character assault a colleague's character? Was the injury genuine? As un uninformed reader, it seems hard to believe. Somegeek 17:26, 2005 Feb 24 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the fix-up! I've read some very good wrestling-related articles on Wikipedia since posting the above comment, and it's improved my perception of the profession considerably.  IMHO, "very good" articles do not include wide-eyed retellings of in-character events.

I don't remember the "Condominium with legs" remark. I do remember Vince(I think. Could have been JR) referring to him in the '90s as a Walking Condominium on television. Of course, back then, we only got Superstars once a week where I lived. 218.186.8.13 01:33, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

I'm not sure if Gorilla Monsoon referred to King Kong Bundy as "The Walking Condominium". He actually said "The Moving Condominium". I believe the referenced WWE page may be inaccurate. In this video, Gorilla Monsoon calls him "The Moving Condominium" not once, but twice. At 3:44 and 11:53. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlDIbkJnA-U — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.224.116.5 (talk) 23:56, 1 January 2017 (UTC)

Vanishing?
I've always wondered why the 'high-profile' part of his career was so short. He was only in the WWF ~3 yrs. Yet he was still wrestling over 10 years later. Why did he leave after a short while? How did he go from main events for the WWF to not even being prominent in the 2nd tiers like the (original)AWA, NWA, WCW, or ECW? Injury? Health issues? Substance abuse? Blackballed? Lost interest in wrestling regularly? It seems like the answer should be noteworthy, but I don't know what it is. Senor Vergara (talk) 00:25, 9 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Yeah, what exactly was he doing between 88 and 94? Didn't he work anywhere between WWF stints?76.226.205.109 (talk) 00:40, 12 November 2013 (UTC)

Age
Hi guys. You've got a ridiculous number of inconsistencies (as of my timestamp after signature) regarding age and birth year. Throughout the article, different sources and different editors are posting inceptions ranging from November 7th in 1954, 1955 and 1957, making him either 64, 63 or 61 years old on his death date of March 4th 2019. Someone (not me I'm afraid) needs to find the real truth and post a consistent date of birth and age throughout the whole article, or it descends into a farce. Ref (chew) (do) 12:02, 6 March 2019 (UTC)
 * The New York Times reference used in the article states a date of birth of November 7, 1955. As you note, there were several dates sprinkled throughout the article, so I updated it to reflect the information in the inline citation being used to verify the information. If there is an equally reliable source that posits a different DOB, we can include that as well, noting the discrepancy in a hidden note. -- Jezebel's Ponyo bons mots 17:16, 6 March 2019 (UTC)
 * He was either 61 or 63. --Stephen"Zap" (talk) 17:49, 6 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Still not sorted it out? Ref (chew) (do) 14:57, 7 March 2019 (UTC)
 * For every alleged pound of Bundy's, there's roughly another year gone by where we're not even sure when William Shakespeare came about. If readers can deal with a bit of uncertainty in that sketchy stage legend's story, they can get past it here, too. Not like any of us can tell the difference between a 61-year-old man and a 63-year-old man, anyway, especially one with a history of wildly inconsistent eyebrows. InedibleHulk (talk) 16:31, 8 March 2019 (UTC)

Last match
The article says: "King Kong Bundy's last match is thought to have been at the Legends of Wrestling Show at the Pulaski County Fair in Somerset, Kentucky in 2007. Bundy lost to "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan in that main event. He defeated Richard Byrne in May 2007 at Big Time Wrestling in Springfield, Massachusetts, where it was also his last match of his wrestling career."

But...they can't BOTH be his last match, can they? Theotherchairduck (talk) 16:19, 26 July 2022 (UTC)

Birthplace?
Hello. Want to point out the article says he was born in Woodbury, NJ, but the sidebar summary says Atlantic City, NJ. Meanwhile, the obituary from the funeral home that handled his arrangements says he was born in Philadelphia (https://www.smithfhmantua.com/memorials/christopher-pallies/3766939/). A brief search has revealed no further information. Dorse278 (talk) 18:59, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:King Kong Bundy


text:
Ambrosius Blarer

Ambrosius Blarer (sometimes Ambrosius Blaurer; April 4, 1492 – December 6, 1564) was an influential Protestant reformer in southern Germany and north-eastern Switzerland.

Early life
Ambrosius Blarer was born 1492 into a leading family of Konstanz. He studied theology in Tübingen where he met Philip Melanchthon with whom he kept a lifelong friendship. After getting his master‘s degree, he entered the Benedictine monastery Alpirsbach Abbey.

Through his correspondence with Philip Melanchthon and his brother Thomas Blarer, a student in Wittenberg between 1520 and 1523, Ambrosius Blarer was well informed about Luther's teachings and began spreading them himself among his brothers. This led to a conflict between him and his superiors and in 1522 Blarer fled the convent. He found refuge in his hometown; Constance was already well on the way to becoming reformed so he did not have to fear the consequences of breaking his vows. Nevertheless, he kept wearing his habit.

Reformation of Konstanz
In February 1525, Blarer started preaching in Konstanz and he soon became a leading figure of the local Reformation. With his cousin and co-reformer Johannes Zwick and their brothers, Konrad Zwick and Thomas Blarer respectively, who were members of the city council (Thomas later became mayor), Blarer had a spiritually as well as influentially effective team to continue the reformation.

The Konstanz Reformers were very idealistic, hoping to cleanse the city of all sin and evil. In 1526, a moral law was passed which prohibited dancing, drinking, swearing, adultery, etc. Enforcing the law proved difficult at first, until a new strategy was introduced in 1531; from then on all citizens had to take turns in functioning as moral guardians, reporting every violation of the law to the council. This eliminated the danger of the people‘s anger at the rules to be directed at any one person, as well as the danger of systematically overlooking friends and family.

Another speciality of the Constance Reformation was their love for music. Ambrosius wrote many educational and religious songs which were sung as part of the liturgy. Several of his songs can still be found in the Swiss Evangelical Hymn-Book.

Correspondence and influence
Like Martin Bucer of Strasbourg, Blarer‘s theology was greatly influenced by both Zwingli and Luther. He tried to find a position which was acceptable to both parties, which mainly led to his exclusion from both groups. In 1530, Constance signed the Tetrapolitan Confession, the „Zwinglian“ counterpart of the Augsburg Confession, which was neither accepted by the Lutherans nor the Zwinglians. The Tetrapolitan Confession was also signed by Strasbourg (Bucer was its author) and by Memmingen and Ulm, two cities for which Blarer was the main reformer.

Ambrosius Blarer kept up a wide network of correspondence to many reformers. The best known among them included: Philip Melanchthon, Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin, Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger, Andreas Karlstadt and Johannes Oecolampadius.

Downfall
The ambitions of the Constance Reformers were shattered in 1548. Unlike the other members of the Schmalkaldic League, Constance had refused to negotiate with Emperor Charles V unless they could obtain the right to keep the Protestant faith. This ended in the battle at the city gates on August 6, 1548, which Constance lost, but to prevent further losses, the council finally had to agree to the Emperor‘s conditions. Because they had refused negotiations for so long, they were not only forced to abandon their Protestant faith, but also lost their title of Imperial Free City and became subject to Catholic Habsburg Austria.

Blarer had already fled before the battle. He lived the rest of his life in exile, in Biel and Winterthur. In the Swiss Confederation he kept on preaching and advising numerous Protestants who turned to him for help. He died in Winterthur December 6, 1564.

title: Ambrosius Blarer


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Adelaide/Landmarks

Here follows a short list of the landmarks and popular attractions of Adelaide, South Australia. The list is not a complete compilation; the addition of further (worthy) places is appreciated. This page serves primarily as a point of reference for WikiProject Adelaide participants.

 * Adelaide Airport
 * Adelaide Arcade
 * Adelaide Botanic Gardens
 * Adelaide Botanic Park
 * Adelaide Central Market
 * Adelaide Convention Centre
 * Adelaide Festival Theatre
 * Adelaide Gaol
 * Adelaide GPO
 * Adelaide Oval
 * Adelaide Parklands
 * Adelaide Railway Station
 * Adelaide Town Hall
 * Adelaide Zoo
 * Art Gallery of South Australia
 * Bay Discovery Centre
 * Carrick Hill
 * Cleland Conservation Park
 * Elder Park
 * Football Park
 * Government House
 * HMS Buffalo, Glenelg
 * Light's Vision
 * Light Square
 * Marble Hill
 * Memorial Drive Tennis Centre
 * Migration Museum of South Australia
 * Mount Lofty Summit
 * National War Memorial (South Australia)
 * National Wine Centre
 * Parliament of South Australia
 * Port Adelaide Lighthouse
 * Royal Adelaide Showgrounds
 * Rundle Mall
 * St. Peter's Cathedral
 * South Australian Maritime Museum
 * South Australian Museum
 * State Library of South Australia
 * Tandanya Institute
 * Torrens Parade Ground
 * Victoria Square
 * Waterfall Gully
 * Windy Point


text: User talk:Swerved

title: User talk:Swerved


text:
Equation of state (cosmology)

In cosmology, the equation of state of a perfect fluid is characterized by a dimensionless number $$w$$, equal to the ratio of its pressure $$p $$ to its energy density $$\rho$$: $$w \equiv \frac{p}{\rho}.$$ It is closely related to the thermodynamic equation of state and ideal gas law.

The equation
The perfect gas equation of state may be written as $$p = \rho_m RT = \rho_m C^2$$ where $$ \rho_m$$ is the mass density, $$R$$ is the particular gas constant, $$T$$ is the temperature and $$C=\sqrt{RT}$$ is a characteristic thermal speed of the molecules. Thus $$w \equiv \frac{p}{\rho} = \frac{\rho_mC^2}{\rho_mc^2} = \frac{C^2}{c^2}\approx 0$$ where $$c$$ is the speed of light, $$\rho = \rho_mc^2$$ and $$C\ll c$$ for a "cold" gas.

FLRW equations and the equation of state
The equation of state may be used in Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) equations to describe the evolution of an isotropic universe filled with a perfect fluid. If $$a$$ is the scale factor then $$\rho \propto a^{-3(1+w)}.$$ If the fluid is the dominant form of matter in a flat universe, then $$a \propto t^{\frac{2}{3(1+w)}},$$ where $$t$$ is the proper time.

In general the Friedmann acceleration equation is $$3\frac{\ddot{a}}{a} = \Lambda - 4 \pi G (\rho + 3p)$$ where $$ \Lambda$$ is the cosmological constant and $$G$$ is Newton's constant, and $$\ddot{a}$$ is the second proper time derivative of the scale factor.

If we define (what might be called "effective") energy density and pressure as $$\rho' \equiv \rho + \frac{\Lambda}{8 \pi G}$$ $$p' \equiv p - \frac{\Lambda}{8 \pi G}$$ and $$ p' = w'\rho'$$ the acceleration equation may be written as $$\frac{\ddot a}{a}=-\frac{4}{3}\pi G\left(\rho' + 3p'\right) = -\frac{4}{3}\pi G(1+3w')\rho'$$

Non-relativistic particles
The equation of state for ordinary non-relativistic 'matter' (e.g. cold dust) is $$w = 0$$, which means that its energy density decreases as $$\rho \propto a^{-3} = V^{-1}$$, where $$V$$ is a volume. In an expanding universe, the total energy of non-relativistic matter remains constant, with its density decreasing as the volume increases.

Ultra-relativistic particles
The equation of state for ultra-relativistic 'radiation' (including neutrinos, and in the very early universe other particles that later became non-relativistic) is $$w = 1/3$$ which means that its energy density decreases as $$\rho \propto a^{-4}$$. In an expanding universe, the energy density of radiation decreases more quickly than the volume expansion, because its wavelength is red-shifted.

Acceleration of cosmic inflation
Cosmic inflation and the accelerated expansion of the universe can be characterized by the equation of state of dark energy. In the simplest case, the equation of state of the cosmological constant is $$w = -1$$. In this case, the above expression for the scale factor is not valid and $$a\propto e^{Ht}$$, where the constant $H$ is the Hubble parameter. More generally, the expansion of the universe is accelerating for any equation of state $$w < -1/3$$. The accelerated expansion of the Universe was indeed observed. According to observations, the value of equation of state of cosmological constant is near -1.

Hypothetical phantom energy would have an equation of state $$w < -1$$, and would cause a Big Rip. Using the existing data, it is still impossible to distinguish between phantom $$w < -1 $$ and non-phantom $$w \ge -1 $$.

Fluids
In an expanding universe, fluids with larger equations of state disappear more quickly than those with smaller equations of state. This is the origin of the flatness and monopole problems of the Big Bang: curvature has $$w = -1/3$$ and monopoles have $$w = 0$$, so if they were around at the time of the early Big Bang, they should still be visible today. These problems are solved by cosmic inflation which has $$w \approx -1$$. Measuring the equation of state of dark energy is one of the largest efforts of observational cosmology. By accurately measuring $$w$$, it is hoped that the cosmological constant could be distinguished from quintessence which has $$w \ne -1$$.

Scalar modeling
A scalar field $$ \phi$$ can be viewed as a sort of perfect fluid with equation of state $$w = \frac{\frac{1}{2}\dot{\phi}^2-V(\phi)}{\frac{1}{2}\dot{\phi}^2+V(\phi)},$$ where $$ \dot{\phi}$$ is the time-derivative of $$ \phi$$ and $$V(\phi)$$ is the potential energy. A free ($$V = 0$$) scalar field has $$w = 1$$, and one with vanishing kinetic energy is equivalent to a cosmological constant: $$w = -1$$. Any equation of state in between, but not crossing the $$w = -1$$ barrier known as the Phantom Divide Line (PDL), is achievable, which makes scalar fields useful models for many phenomena in cosmology.

title: Equation of state (cosmology)