text:
Philip Jeck

Philip Jeck (15 November 1952 – 25 March 2022) was an English composer and multimedia artist. His compositions were noted for utilising antique turntables and vinyl records, along with looping devices and both analogue and digital effects. Initially composing for installations and dance companies, beginning in 1995 he released music on the UK label Touch.

Early life
Jeck was born in England in 1952. He studied visual arts at Dartington College of Arts in Devon. He became interested in record players after visiting New York in 1979 and being introduced to the work of DJs such as Walter Gibbons and Larry Levan.

Career
Jeck started exploring composition using record players and electronics in the early 1980s. In his early career, he composed and performed scores for dance and theatre companies, including a five-year collaboration with Laurie Booth. He also composed scores for dance films Beyond Zero on Channel 4 and Pace on BBC 2. Jeck was perhaps best known for his 1993 work Vinyl Requiem with Lol Sargent, a performance for 180 Dansette record players, 12 slide-projectors and two film-projectors. Although he initially intended to perform it only once, he went on to organise further performances of the installation. It won the Time Out Performance Award in 1993.

Jeck signed with Touch in 1995 and proceeded to release his best-known works on the label, including Surf (1998), Stoke (2002), and 7 (2003). In 2004, he collaborated with Alter Ego on a 2005 rendition of composer Gavin Bryars's The Sinking of the Titanic. His 2008 album, Sand, was named the second best album of that year by The Wire. Many of his studio releases are pieced together from recordings of his own live performances and stitched together with a MiniDisc recorder. His final music credit came in 2021 with Stardust, a collaboration with Faith Coloccia.

He collaborated with artists including Jah Wobble, Jaki Liebezeit, David Sylvian and Janek Schaefer.

Death
Jeck died on 25 March 2022, aged 69, following a brief illness.

Studio and live recordings

 * Loopholes (1995, Touch)
 * Surf (1998, Touch)
 * Live in Tokyo (2000, Touch)
 * Vinyl Coda I–III (2 CDs) (2000, Intermedium Records)
 * Vinyl Coda IV (2001, Intermedium Records)
 * Stoke (2002, Touch)
 * 7 (2003, Touch)
 * Sand (2008, Touch)
 * Suite. Live in Liverpool (2008, Touch)
 * An Ark for the Listener (2010, Touch)
 * Cardinal (2015, Touch)
 * Iklectik (2017, Touch)

Collaborations

 * Soaked with Jacob Kirkegaard (2002, Touch)
 * Live in Leuven with Jah Wobble and Jaki Liebezeit (2004, Hertz)
 * Songs for Europe with Janek Schaefer (2004, Asphodel)
 * The Sinking of the Titanic with Alter Ego and Gavin Bryars (2007, Touch)
 * Spliced with Marcus Davidson (2010, Touch)
 * Stardust with Faith Coloccia (2021, Touch)
 * Oxmardyke with Chris Watson (2023, Touch)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Philip Jeck


text:
Peppino Gagliardi

Peppino Gagliardi (25 May 1940 – 9 August 2023) was an Italian singer.

Life and career
Peppino Gagliardi was born in Naples on 25 May 1940. His first hit in Italy came in 1963 with "T'amo e t'amerò". In 1970, he had another big hit with the song "Settembre" and more hits followed in the early 1970s.

Gagliardi achieved two-second placings at the Sanremo Music Festival: in 1972 with "Come le viole" and in 1973 with "Come un ragazzino". His music declined in popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. His last entry at the Sanremo Music Festival was "L'alba" in 1993.

One of his songs, "Che vuole questa musica stasera", is part of the original soundtrack of Scent of a Woman by Dino Risi, The Man from U.N.C.L.E. by Guy Ritchie, The Ruthless by Renato De Maria, and Welcome Home by George Ratliff. The song was also used in an episode of Season 2 of the Belgian series Professor T.

Gagliardi died in Rome on 9 August 2023, after a long illness, at the age of 83.

title: Peppino Gagliardi


text:
Seryoga

Sergey Vasilyevich Parkhomenko (Сергей Васильевич Пархоменко, Сяргей Васільевіч Пархоменка; born October 8, 1976), known professionally as Seryoga (Серёга), is a Belarusian rapper and the owner of the KingRing record label.

Career
Parkhomenko was born in Gomel, Belarus. The moniker "Seryoga" derives from his first name, Sergey, and is one of the nickname forms commonly used for that name.

Seryoga released his first solo single "Загубили Лялю" (Ruined Laila) in the summer of 2002. In 2003, the record label "Монолит" (Monolit) released the CD Maxi single of "Загубили Лялю" with 5 tracks in Russia and Belarus.

In February 2004, Seryoga started a show on the Ukrainian music channel М-1. In April 2004, the record label MFG/BMG Ukraine released Seryoga's debut solo album "Мой двор: свадьбы & похороны" (My neighborhood: weddings & funerals) in Ukraine. The album was simultaneously released in the Belarus by the record label Go Records. The album came out several weeks later in Russia, where it was titled "Мой двор. Спортивные частушки" (My neighborhood. Sports chastushki).

His third single was "Чёрный Бумер" (Chyorniy Bumer, meaning Black Bimmer). The "Чёрный Бумер" music video was shot in the summer of 2004 by Ukrainian director Vladimir Yakimenko (Pistolet Film) and premiered on September 15, 2004, in Kyiv, Ukraine. In 2005, the music video for the song "King Ring" was shot in Kyiv. The song was written for the feature film "Shadowboxing" and included on its soundtrack. In 2006, the film Day Watch came out in theaters, the sequel to Night Watch from two years earlier. The film's soundtrack featured Seryoga's song "Мел судьбы или Песня Тамерлана" (Mel sudby ili Pesnya Tamerlana, English: "Chalk of Destiny or Timur's song") as the theme song.

In Germany, Seryoga collaborated on the song "2 Kaiser" with the German rapper Azad. Seryoga then worked with the German rapper Megaloh and also recorded the song "In Da City" with German rap group Culcha Candela. Seryoga's song King Ring was chosen by Rockstar Games to be the background music of the Third Trailer for their video game Grand Theft Auto IV, titled Move up, Ladies and is also featured in the game on its "Vladivostok FM" radio station. He was also contracted to compose a track for The Music of Grand Theft Auto IV (the music CD included with the special edition of GTA IV) entitled Liberty City: The Invasion, which is also featured on the in-game radio station.

Studio albums

 * 2004 – Moy Dvor (My Hood)
 * Moy Dvor: Svad'by i pokhoriny (Ukraine and Belarus) (2004)
 * Moy Dvor: Sportivnye chastushki (Russia) (2004)

Track list:
 * 1) Govorila mama vecherom synochku (Momma told the son at night)
 * 2) Kukla (Doll) – feat. Max Lorens
 * 3) Ryzhy (Red-Head)
 * 4) Pesenka o slesare shestogo razryada
 * 5) Gimn boleyshikov FC "Spartak"
 * 6) Suka-iuda
 * 7) Vykhodila Manya zamuzh (Manya Got Married)
 * 8) A na tantspole netu svobodnykh mest (There's no space on the dancefloor)
 * 9) Chorniy Bumer (Black Beamer)
 * 10) Deti Moskvy (Kids Of Moscow)
 * 11) Голуби (Doves) – feat. Satsura
 * 12) Zagubili lyalyu

 * 2005 – Дискомалярия (Discomaliaria)
 * Дискомалярия (standard edition) (2005)
 * Дискомалярия (deluxe edition) (2005)
 * Дискомалярия: Большая порция (2006)
 * $1000000: Самая Большая Порция (collectors edition) (2007)

Track list:
 * 1) Intro
 * 2) 2 Kaiser (feat. Azad)
 * 3) Barbeque
 * 4) Gangsta No More
 * 5) Mr. Perfect (feat. Rapturous)
 * 6) Disco Malaria (feat. Eveleena)
 * 7) Old Schooler (feat. Sacura)
 * 8) I'm In Love With A Russian Boy
 * 9) Mon Beat (feat. Skuril)
 * 10) Disco Malaria (Russian Version)
 * 11) Superbotanic full track
 * 12) Kukla full track
 * 13) Gangsta Rap (feat. Eveleena)
 * 14) Kepka (A Tribute to Kangol 504)
 * 15) King Ring

Track list:
 * 2007 – Не для продажи (Ne Dlya Prodazhi) (Not for sale, as Ayvengo)
 * 2008 – Хроника парнишки с гомельских улиц (Khronika Parnishki S Gomel'skikh Ulits) (The Chronicles of a Kid From the Streets of Gomel)
 * 1) Sidi i slushay (Sit And Listen)
 * 2) Skit ot Khaby Kazanskogo (Skit from Haba Kazansky)
 * 3) Parnishka s ulitsy (Guy From Streets)
 * 4) Dobav' skorost' (Add The Speed)
 * 5) Moyo pokoleniye (My Generation) – feat. Satsura
 * 6) Mne s toboyu khorosho (It's Good With You)
 * 7) Show dolzhno prodolzat'sya (The Show Must Go On)
 * 8) Quasimodo Skit
 * 9) Quasimodo – feat. Satsura
 * 10) Korabli (Ships)
 * 11) Mon Ami – feat. Max Lorens
 * 12) Vtorzheniye (The Invansion) (GTA IV soundtrack)
 * 13) Vyshe neba tol'ko nebo (Sky is the limit) – feat. Aleksandr Marshal
 * 14) Igra (Game)
 * 15) Chiki (Chicks)
 * 16) Olya i SPID (Olya & AIDS) – feat. Vladimir Zhirinovsky / China-town (hidden track)

Compilations

 * 2005 – А на танцполе нет свободных мест (remix album)
 * 2006 – Russia's No.1
 * 2008 – The Best of Seryoga

Singles

 * 2003 – Загубили Лялю
 * 2004 – Чёрный бумер
 * 2005 – Возле дома твоегo feat. Макс Лоренс & Сацура
 * 2005 – Дискомалярия
 * 2005 – KING RING
 * 2005 – Barbeque
 * 2005 – Diskomalaria VLS
 * 2006 – 2 Kaiser (feat. Azad)
 * 2007 – Летняя песня feat.Макс Лоренс
 * 2007 – Рэп vs. СПИД (feat. Владимир Жириновский)
 * 2007 – $1000000
 * 2007 – Я рэп feat. St1m
 * 2007 – Gangsta No More CDS
 * 2007 – Gangsta No More VLS
 * 2007 – Чики
 * 2008 – Мне с тобою хорошо
 * 2008 – Шоу Должно Продолжаться (Музыка Queen – Show must go on) (гимн телешоу «Король Ринга–2» на Первом канале).
 * 2008 – Про Модных Девчонок (Г. П. Т. R’N’B) (feat. «Подиум»)
 * 2008 – Liberty City. The Invasion (OST GTA IV)
 * 2008 – Твой город не спит (DJ Shevtsov & DJ Miller ft. Макс Лоренс)
 * 2009 – Тектоник
 * 2009 – Выше неба feat. РИ
 * 2009 – Кружим
 * 2009 – Кружим 2
 * 2009 – К Элизе feat.ПМ
 * 2010 – С новым годом,СНГ! feat.Маша Малиновская
 * 2010 – Иваново
 * 2011 – Осколки
 * 2013 – Tuman
 * 2013 – Lubliuy

Videos

 * 2003 – Загубили Лялю
 * 2003 – Кукла
 * 2004 – Чёрный Бумер
 * 2004 – Песенка о слесаре шестого разряда
 * 2004 – Бум! (TT-34 featuring Seryoga)
 * 2005 – King Ring
 * 2005 – Дискомалярия
 * 2005 – Возле дома твоего
 * 2005 – $1000000
 * 2006 – Мел судьбы
 * 2006 – 2 Kaiser (featuring Azad)
 * 2007 – RAP vs. СПИД (featuring ВВЖ)
 * 2007 – Ein Teil von Mir (Sido featuring Seryoga & B-Tight)
 * 2007 – Я – рэп (featuring St1m)
 * 2007 – Gangsta No More
 * 2007 – Отчего (Ri featuring Seryoga)
 * 2007 – Аггробабруйск
 * 2007 – Чики
 * 2007 – Про модных девчёнок и не модных ребят (featuring Podium)
 * 2008 – Позови меня (featuring Alexa)
 * 2008 – Шоу должно продолжаться
 * 2008 – Liberty City: The Invasion
 * 2009 – Кружим
 * 2009 – К Элизе (feat. ПМ)
 * 2009 – C Новым годом, СНГ! (feat. Маша Малиновская)
 * 2009 – Холодно (feat. Ri)
 * 2009 – Корабли

title: Seryoga


text:
James St. James

James St. James (born James Clark; August 1, 1966) is a television & internet personality, author, celebutante, frequent collaborator with Mathu Andersen, and former "Club Kid", a member of the New York City club scene in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

St. James was known for a lifestyle of excess that included heavy drug use, partying, and bizarre costumes that first brought him to national attention as the subject of television appearances and interviews. He wrote Disco Bloodbath (now published under the title Party Monster) that was later made into the feature film Party Monster (2003), starring Macaulay Culkin as Michael Alig and Seth Green as St. James. His life was the subject of the documentary Party Monster: The Shockumentary (1998).

Early life and education
James grew up in an affluent family in Saginaw, Michigan, where he lived with his mother after his parents divorced. In the summer, he would stay with his father and younger and older siblings in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, until he moved to Fort Lauderdale for high school.

Career
In the late 1980s, St. James became friendly with Michael Alig, although at first he and the other club personalities shunned the newcomer. Undeterred, Alig soon created his own scene by gathering up other creative personalities of the nightlife world; he used his flamboyant style, and engaged in self-promotion and themed parties. St. James morphed from celebutante to Club Kid while helping Alig create the new scene. Alig and St. James threw many parties together, eventually setting up the Disco 2000 club night at the New York City club The Limelight. St. James wrote several columns, most famously for the short-lived New York City-based gay publication OutWeek during the magazine's two year life span from 1989–1991.

St. James appeared many times on television talk shows to discuss the Club Kids during the 1980s and 1990s, including The Oprah Winfrey Show, The Phil Donahue Show, The Jerry Springer Show, Geraldo, and the Joan Rivers Show.

Publishing debut
St. James's debut book, Disco Bloodbath (1999), is a memoir that describes his life in the club scene and documents the infamous rise to fame of Michael Alig and Alig's murder of Andre "Angel" Melendez. The film Party Monster: The Shockumentary (1998) was released prior to but is based on events in Disco Bloodbath, as is the film Party Monster (2003).

Freak Show and the 2000s
St. James published a second book, Freak Show in 2007, a comedy/romance about a teenage drag queen who attends a new school and forges a relationship with the football team's quarterback. Freak Show was named to the American Library Association Best Books for Young Adults list. The book was adapted into a feature in 2017 by Maven Entertainment. The film was directed by Trudie Styler and stars Alex Lawther, Abigail Breslin, and Bette Midler.

St. James curates art shows at the World of Wonder Gallery for the production company World of Wonder, makers of both Party Monster: The Shockumentary (1998) and Party Monster (2003), and blogs regularly on World of Wonder's website, the WOW Report.

In the 2000s, St. James has made regular appearances on America's Next Top Model, cycles 5, 7, & 11, presenting contest skill challenges to the aspiring models. St. James also appeared in season 2, episode 9 of RuPaul's Drag Race, where he interviewed the top four contestants on a red carpet before they walked the runway.

St. James currently has a long running webseries through the World of Wonder channel WOWPresents, titled Transformations: with James St. James. The webseries features various makeup artists, drag queens, Club Kids, and RuPaul's Drag Race alums giving St. James themed makeovers.

Filmography

 * Party Monster: The Shockumentary (1998); extensive interviews describing clubbing in the 1980s/1990s, directed by Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato
 * Party Monster (2003)
 * Freak Show (2018)

title: James St. James


text:
Lawson Tait

Lawson Tait, born Robert Lawson Tait (1 May 1845 – 13 June 1899) was a Scottish pioneer in pelvic and abdominal surgery who developed new techniques and procedures. He emphasized asepsis and introduced and advocated for surgical techniques that significantly reduced mortality. He is well known for introducing salpingectomy in 1883 as the treatment for ectopic pregnancy, a procedure that has saved countless lives since then. Tait and J. Marion Sims are considered the fathers of gynecology.

Early life and education
Tait was born in Edinburgh, the son of Isabella Stewart Lawson, of Leven, Fife and Archibald Campbell Tait, a lawyer, (not to be confused with his cousin of the same name who was Archbishop of Canterbury). He attended primary school at an independent school called Heriot's Hospital, where he showed exceptional promise. In 1860, the 15-year-old Tait won a scholarship and attended the University of Edinburgh as a student of Arts. He subsequently changed course to study medicine. Among his greatest influences was James Syme, the University's Chair of Clinical Surgery. Tait considered Syme to be a remarkable surgeon who emphasized care and cleanliness, and he particularly admired Syme's taste for controversy. One of Syme's closest students was Joseph Lister, with whom Tait would later have significant disputes over the rival practices of Antisepsis and Asepsis. Another influence from student days was Professor (later Sir) James Young Simpson who became a powerful supporter throughout Tait's life and Tait supported many of Simpson's causes throughout his lifetime. In 1862 Tait transferred to the Extramural School of Medicine and qualified in 1866 with the joint diploma of LRCPE, LRCSEd. licentiates granted by the two Edinburgh medical colleges. Like many students of his generation he did not sit for a Bachelor of Medicine degree.

Early work
Tait worked as a resident surgeon at the Clayton Hospital in Wakefield as a resident surgeon from 1866 until 1870, when he took over a private practice in Birmingham. He became an active member of the British Medical Association, and in this position became known as an "offensive and invidious" medical doctor. Members of the group saw him as antagonistic and overstepping his place. Despite this opposition, Tait desired acceptance in London. As such, he attended meetings in London societies and pursued a fellowship at the Obstetrical Society of London.

From around this time until 1879 he also took a job at the Birmingham and Midland Institute as a physiology and biology lecturer. In addition, Tait devoted significant efforts towards supporting Arthur Chamberlain, who was working on developing a hospital exclusively for women. Chamberlain and Tait were successful, and Tait worked as a member of this hospital's staff until 1893, when he resigned.

Vivisection
Tait was a strong and outspoken opponent of vivisection, the practice of surgery on animals for the sake of instruction and practice. He argued that there were four strong arguments against this practice:
 * Abstract morality: Tait argued that vivisection was a selfish act in which humans forced living animals to suffer in order for their own benefit.
 * Political avenue: Tait argued that the only people outside of medical fields who supported vivisection were the rich. These proponents acted as "amateur poultry butchers" and took to maiming pheasants for fun. As such, the less wealthy saw supporting vivisection as enabling the frivolous and wasteful lifestyles of the wealthy.
 * Religion: Tait considered evolution as an aspect of his religious beliefs. He claimed that, as humans share a history with lesser animals, they deserve equal rights. As such, despite their inability to speak for themselves, they should be treated with care and respect as one would treat a human being.
 * Scientific inquiry: Tait argued that it remained uncertain as to whether vivisection has, on the whole, led to a decrease in suffering through the expansion of human knowledge. To Tait, any argument for vivisection should be absolutely decisive with no ambiguity, and he did not believe this was even possible.

In a letter addressed to the Medical Press and Circular he wrote:

"Some day I shall have a tombstone put over me, and an inscription upon it. I want only one thing recorded on it, and that to the effect that he laboured to divert his profession from the blundering which has resulted from the performance of experiments on the sub-human groups of animal life, in the hope that they would shed light on the aberrant physiology of the human groups."

Asepsis
Tait was suspicious of the prevailing practice of antisepsis, advocated for by Joseph Lister. The two doctors agreed that it was necessary for surgeons to ensure that their hands and instruments were clean in order to reduce the risk of infection. Lister argued that surgical cleanliness could only be achieved through sterilization, which required the use of compounds like carbolic acid. Unlike Lister, Tait used nothing more than boiling water for cleaning his instruments and yet had similar results. Tait was able to achieve exceptional results in his surgery using his techniques, as they were simple, low-cost, effective, and not limited by the presence of chemicals.

Reducing surgical mortality
Tait's first success came with his demonstration that ovariotomy could be done safely. While Ephraim McDowell had successfully performed the first ovariotomy in Kentucky in 1809, mortality for this operation was over 90%. In his first paper in 1872, Tait reported only 1 death out of nine cases, a major breakthrough. His techniques of use of intra-abdominal ligatures for the ovarian pedicle in favor of an extraperitoneal clamp, abdominal closure, and meticulous surgical cleanliness were novel and important for abdominal surgery. With further recognition, he was instrumental in the opening of the Birmingham Hospital for Women where he worked for 20 years.

Surgical milestones
During this time, his work included:
 * 1) First removal of an organ (ovary) (oophorectomy) for pain.
 * 2) Observation of association of cystic ovaries and excessive menstrual bleeding.
 * 3) Surgical induction of  menopause by removal of ovaries.
 * 4) Removal of infected tubes.
 * 5) Drainage of pelvic abscesses.
 * 6) First appendectomy 1880. It was later learned that he was anticipated by French-born English surgeon Claudius Amyand in 1735.
 * 7) First  cholecystotomy (gallbladder surgery).
 * 8) Asepsis in lieu of Lister's antisepsis; he avoided the use of carbolic acid.
 * 9) Flushing of peritoneal cavity at end of operation.

Ectopic pregnancy
In 1881, it was suggested to him to remove the ruptured tube in case of an ectopic pregnancy. "... the suggestion staggered me, and I am ashamed to say that I did not receive it favourably." The postmortem examination convinced him that it could be done. So, 2 years later, Tait ligated the broad ligament and tube in another patient, and this patient survived. In 1888, Tait reported only 2 deaths out of 42 operated cases, a marked improvement for a condition that had been almost always fatal.

Other interests
Tait was president of the Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical Society in 1876 and around that time was instrumental in the establishment of the Midland Union of Natural History Societies. He resigned his positions on the managing bodies of both organisations in 1878, in a dispute over the latter's subscription fees.

Later life
Tait's career began to decline in 1892. Due to his lifelong history of advocating for new techniques and against common practices (e.g. vivisection and antisepsis), there were many who saw him as an enemy and a nuisance. Tait's productivity slowed to a halt due to his declining health, along with two legal situations. The first of these was a lawsuit from Andrew Denholm, and the second was a threat to bring action against Tait for supposedly seducing a nurse.

In his retirement, Tait continued to stay active within medicine. Many younger doctors respected and admired him, and he regularly contributed to meetings at several Medical Institutions. He died in 1899, at the age of 54, of chronic nephritis and uremia, after a week and a half of severe illness. He remained lucid in his final days, and left instructions that his body be buried in a cave near his home. At the time of his death, several of his contemporaries published writings in praise of his medical advances, character, and work at hospitals for poor women.

Legacy
The Lawson Tait Society, an undergraduate history of medicine society at the University of Birmingham Medical School, is named in honour of Tait. They have embarked upon a project of digitising Tait's work and resources related to Tait.

Selected publications

 * The Uselessness of Vivisection Upon Animals as a Method of Scientific Research (1882)
 * The Pathology and Treatment of Diseases of the Ovaries (1883)
 * Diseases of Women (1886)
 * Last Speech on Vivisection (1889)

title: Lawson Tait


text:
Jóhann Jóhannsson

Jóhann Gunnar Jóhannsson (19 September 1969 – 9 February 2018) was an Icelandic composer who wrote music for a wide array of media including theatre, dance, television, and film. His work is stylised by its blending of traditional orchestration with contemporary electronic elements.

Jóhann released solo albums from 2002 onward. In 2016, he signed with Deutsche Grammophon, through which he released his last solo album, Orphée. Some of his works in film include the original scores for Denis Villeneuve's Prisoners, Sicario, and Arrival, and James Marsh's The Theory of Everything. Jóhannsson was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score for both The Theory of Everything and Sicario, and won a Golden Globe for Best Original Score for the former. He was a music and sound consultant on Mother!, directed by Darren Aronofsky in 2017. His scores for Mary Magdalene and Mandy were released posthumously.

His only directorial work, Last and First Men, premiered at the Manchester International Festival in 2017, where he also performed the score live with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra.

Early life and career
Jóhann was born on 19 September 1969 in Reykjavík, Iceland, to Jóhann Gunnarsson, a maintenance engineer who worked for IBM, and Edda Thorkelsdóttir. He learned the piano and trombone from the age of 11, but had given them up during his teenage years. Jóhann attended the University of Iceland, where he studied languages and literature.

Jóhann started his musical career in the late 1980s in the proto-shoegaze-influenced band Daisy Hill Puppy Farm, who released a couple of EPs which were played by British DJ John Peel and received a fan letter from Steve Albini. He went on to work as a guitarist and producer playing in Icelandic indie rock bands, like Olympia, Unun and HAM. In 1999, Jóhann co-founded Kitchen Motors; a think tank, art organisation and music label that encouraged interdisciplinary collaborations between artists from punk, jazz, classical, metal and electronic music. His own sound arose out of these musical experimentations.

Solo works
Jóhann's first solo album, Englabörn, was a suite based on the music written for the theatre piece of the same name. Jóhann approached the composition by recording string instruments and processing them through digital filters, which allowed him to deconstruct the recordings and reassemble them. The album combined holy minimalism, Satie, Purcell and Moondog with the electronic music of labels such as Mille Plateaux and Mego. Pitchfork gave Englabörn a score of 8.9, and described it as "exceptionally restrained, the piano moving like droplets off of slowly melting icicles, the violin breathing warmth from above. The hesitation of each breath and falling bead feels as though it were a Morton Feldman piece condensed to three minutes."

For his second album, Virðulegu Forsetar, an hour-long ambient piece, Jóhann used an orchestra of 11 brass players, glockenspiel, piano and organ, with added bells and electronics, creating a sound that combined classical, ambient and experimental music.

IBM 1401, A User's Manual, Jóhann's fourth studio album, was released on 30 October 2006 on the 4AD label. It was inspired by his father, an IBM engineer and one of Iceland's first computer programmers, who used early hardware to compose melodies during his downtime at work. Jóhann used sounds produced from the electromagnetic emissions of the IBM 1401 as part of the composition.

Fordlandia, Jóhann's sixth full-length studio album, was released in November 2008 via 4AD, and was thematically influenced by the failure of Henry Ford's Brazilian rubber plant Fordlândia.

In 2010, Jóhann collaborated with filmmaker Bill Morrison on The Miners' Hymns (2011), a film and accompanying composition for a brass band, pipe organ and electronics, based on coal-mining in County Durham. The film was noted for celebrating "social, cultural, and political aspects of the extinct industry, and the strong regional tradition of colliery brass bands". The overall piece was itself a tribute to the miners strikes which occurred in the area during the 1980s. The piece premiered live in Durham Cathedral in July 2010 and was released on CD and DVD in May 2011. The album was described by the BBC as "a gorgeous brass-based requiem for northeast England's former mining community". Writing in The Observer, Fiona Maddocks gave the London debut performance of the score at the Barbican five stars, writing, "The strange counterpoint between an Icelandic minimalist, an American filmmaker and a bitter episode in recent British history has resulted in a work as unclassifiable as it is unforgettable."

In 2021 the Gold Dust EP was released, containing unused pieces from various previous projects.

On 15th Sept 2023, the posthumous album Prayer to the Dynamo was released on Bandcamp. This contained suites from Sicario and The Theory of Everything and was performed by the Iceland Symphony Orchestra.

Film work
Jóhann had scored a number of works concurrent with his solo career through the 2000s including the Icelandic comedy Dis in 2004, TV series Svartir englar in 2007, and In the Arms of My Enemy in 2007. However it is his work with Denis Villeneuve for which he is best known. His first collaboration with Villeneuve was Prisoners in 2013. He subsequently worked on Villeneuve's films Sicario (2015), which was nominated for Academy Award for Best Original Score, and Arrival (2016). Jóhann joined Villeneuve once again to work on Blade Runner 2049, but at some point during production Villeneuve decided that the music needed a change in direction. In describing the artistic process for Blade Runner 2049, Villeneuve stated that "the movie needed something different, and I needed to go back to something closer to Vangelis. Jóhann and I decided that I will need to go in another direction." Villeneuve brought in Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch to complete the project. Jóhann's work on James Marsh's The Theory of Everything won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score in 2015. His final works were for the films Mandy, The Mercy, and Mary Magdalene. In an interview following the release of Arrival, Jóhann commented on his process stating that "it's about putting yourself in a receptive state of mind where you react to inputs, and it can be from anywhere. It doesn't really matter if you're writing for film or if you're doing your own piece; you always have to put yourself into that space." He went on to say, "there are practical parameters, of course, involved in writing film music rather than doing your own album, but I view them very much as the same body of work. And, for me, there are very clear lines for me between Englabörn to Arrival."

Prior to his death he had been hired to compose the score for Disney's Christopher Robin, but died before he had begun work on it.

His only feature film directed by himself, Last and First Men, premiered two years after his death at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival, where it received widespread acclaim.

Collaborations and other projects
In March 2015, Jóhann teamed up with ACME (American Contemporary Music Ensemble) and the Grammy Award-winning vocal ensemble Roomful of Teeth to perform Drone Mass. described as a contemporary oratorio, at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. His list of collaborators included Tim Hecker, Hildur Guðnadóttir, Pan Sonic, CAN drummer Jaki Liebezeit, Marc Almond, Barry Adamson, and Stephen O'Malley of Sunn O))). In 1999, Jóhann founded the Apparat Organ Quartet, which has released two albums since 2002 with live performances in Europe, America and Japan.

Personal life
Jóhann left Reykjavík in the early 2000s, living in Copenhagen before settling in Kreuzberg, Berlin. He had a daughter, Karolina Jóhannsdóttir, who lives in Copenhagen.

Jóhann died in Berlin on 9 February 2018 at the age of 48. German toxicology reports indicated that a lethal combination of cocaine and flu medication was the likely cause of his death.

Solo albums

 * Englabörn (2002, Touch)
 * Englabörn (re-issue) (2007, 4AD)
 * Virðulegu Forsetar (2004, Touch)
 * IBM 1401, A User's Manual (2006, 12 Tónar, 4AD)
 * Fordlandia (2008, 4AD)
 * And in the Endless Pause There Came the Sound of Bees (2009, 12 Tónar, NTOV)
 * End of Summer (2015, Sonic Pieces) – in collaboration with Hildur Guðnadóttir & Robert Aiki Aubrey Lowe
 * Orphée (2016, Deutsche Grammophon)
 * Englabörn & Variations (2018, Deutsche Grammophon) (Englabörn reissue)
 * 12 Conversations With Thilo Heinzmann (2019, Deutsche Grammophon) – recorded by Echo Collective
 * Gold Dust (2021)
 * Drone Mass (2022)

Film score albums

 * Dís (2004, 12 Tónar, in Iceland; 2005, The Worker's Institute, in the US)
 * Personal Effects (2009, Deutsche Grammophon)
 * The Miners' Hymns (2011, 12 Tónar, FatCat)
 * Free The Mind (2012, NTOV)
 * Copenhagen Dreams (2012, 12 Tónar)
 * Prisoners (2013, WaterTower Music)
 * McCanick by John C. Waller (2014, Milan Records)
 * I Am Here (with B.J. Nilsen) (2014, Ash International)
 * The Theory of Everything (2014, Back Lot Music)
 * Sicario (2015, Varèse Sarabande)
 * Arrival (2016, Deutsche Grammophon)
 * The Mercy (2018, Deutsche Grammophon)
 * Mary Magdalene (2018, Milan Records)
 * Mandy (2018, Lakeshore/Invada)
 * Last and First Men (2020, Deutsche Grammophon)
 * Blind Massage (with Jonas Colstrup) (2022, Soundtrack Magazine)
 * The Shadow Play (with Jonas Colstrup) (2022, Soundtrack Magazine)

Singles

 * "The Sun's Gone Dim and the Sky's Turned Black" (2006, 4AD)

Artworks

 * Ashes and Snow (Gregory Colbert, 2002)

Plays

 * Margrét Mikla by Kristín Ómarsdóttir (1996, Icelandic Take-away Theatre)
 * Vitleysingarnir by Ólafur Haukur Símonarsson (2000, Hafnarfjördur Theater)
 * Fireface by Marius Von Mayerberg (2000, RÚV)
 * Englabörn by Hávar Sigurjónsson (2001, Hafnarfjördur Theater)
 * Kryddlegin Hjörtu by Laura Esquivel (2002, Borgarleikhús)
 * Viktoría og Georg by Ólafur Haukur Símonarsson (2002, Icelandic National Theatre)
 * Pabbastrákur by Hávar Sigurjónsson (2003, Icelandic National Theatre)
 * Jón Gabríel Borkman by Henrik Ibsen (2004, Icelandic National Theatre)
 * Dínamít by Birgir Sigurðsson (2005, Icelandic National Theatre)
 * Døden i Teben by Sophocles/Jon Fosse (2008, Det Norske Teatret)
 * Ganesh versus the Third Reich by Back to Back Theatre (2011, Back to Back Theatre)

Contemporary dance

 * IBM 1401, a User's Manual with Erna Ómarsdóttir (2002)
 * Mysteries of Love with Erna Ómarsdóttir (2005)

title: Jóhann Jóhannsson


text:
Talk:Joseph L. Doob

Magazine article?
Should he have his own article? If so, this needs some serious wikification + rephrasing; this is Wikipedia, not a magazine. -∫eb²+1[ talk ]  18:52, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Yes, Doob was one of the great ones. The magazine article, mostly worthless from WP's point of view, seems to have been blatant copyright violation anyway.

I've replaced the article with a stub. The NYT, AMS, and his university all say "Joseph Leo Doob", so I changed the name in the article.

Fair use rationale for Image:DoobieDoo.jpg
Image:DoobieDoo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:58, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Joseph L. Doob


text:
User:Elcidcampeador

I am a self-proclaimed genius and a great humanist.

title: User:Elcidcampeador


text:
Jacob Kirkegaard

Jacob Kirkegaard is a sound artist born in 1975 in Denmark. In early 2006 he graduated at the Academy of Arts and the Media in Cologne, Germany. Jacob is exploring sound in art with a scientific approach.

Jacob Kirkegaard's sound works focus on investigations into the potential musicality in hidden sound layers in the environment. In this context he has been capturing and exploring sounds from, for example, volcanic earth, ice, atmospheric phenomena, nuclear power plants and deserted places. His piece "Labyrinthitis" was created from sounds recorded inside his inner ear. Recording tools used include accelometers, hydrophones and home-built electromagnetic receivers.

Discography

 * (1989) Escape from the Outside (Self titled cassette release)
 * (1990) A New Youth (Self titled cassette release)
 * (1998) Luftantenner - in the band Æter (Helicopter Records)
 * (2002) Soaked - with Philip Jeck Touch
 * (2003) 01.02 (Bottrop-boy)
 * (2005) Eldfjall Touch
 * (2006) 4 Rooms Touch
 * (2008) Labyrinthitis Touch
 * (2008) Forget to Breathe - with Lydia Lunch
 * (2011) Aion (Fonik Works)
 * (2012) Imperia (with Tobias Kirstein) Posh Isolation
 * (2012) Svævninger - with Else Marie Pade (Important Records)
 * (2013) Conversion (Touch)
 * (2014) 40 Days of Silence (VON Archives)
 * (2015) Arc (Holotype Editions)
 * (2015) 5 Pieces (Posh Isolation)
 * (2016) Sabulation (mAtter)
 * (2017) Descending - with Niels Lyhne Løkkegaard (Important Records)
 * (2019) Phonurgia Metallis (Important Records)
 * (2019) Black Metal Square (Important Records)
 * (2019) Opus Mors (Topos)

title: Jacob Kirkegaard


text:
Talk:Framing (social communication theory)

This article was proposed for deletion Feb. 2005. The discussion is archived at Votes for deletion/Framing (social communication theory). Joyous 18:54, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Marketing communications

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 9 February 2021 and 22 May 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): 13flowerpower.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 03:27, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Marketing
I don't know that an advertisement for a university belongs in this definition. If so, may all universities now add their course offerings and promotional information to all definitiions? I don't think you want that.

How is integration relevant to communications and/or marketing? — Preceding unsigned comment added by WilmarisD (talk • contribs) 02:15, 6 February 2019 (UTC)

Marcom
Should there be some mention of blogging as Marcom, especially in new companies? --Arafalov 17:19, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Certainly wouldn't hurt, but I'd be wary of mentioning any specific blogs. Adraeus 23:09, 11

October 2007 (UTC)

Consultese
This article -- however small and insignificant in the grander scheme of things -- is really a non-article. "Human resources to human solutions". Gimme a break. The acute reader has probably noticed the quote doesn't even mean anything. This article needs to be either a) translated to human language, or b) deleted. 128.214.133.2 (talk) 07:47, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Needs Work
Just came across this article. I agree that it needs work and I am amazed that since 2008 nothing has happened. A total rewrite will take some time but I propose to start with a properly sourced definition. Anyone have any good sources for this? Andrew Hennigan (talk) 15:16, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Full ack. See my thoughts below. Sorry for being 4 years late. -- Kku 19:27, 24 May 2016 (UTC)

Proposed merge
Both articles appear to come from similar sources, maybe the same author. Both are quite roundabout and tend towards bullshit bingo. Both are about communications in marketing. "Integrated xyz" might be a technical term in its own right with a particularization of "xyz" in some contexts, here it seems to be the even more general lemma as compared to "xyz" (with xyz=="Marketing communications"). Given the almost complete absence of any original thought (the great number of references notwithstanding) or clear definition in both, I think the world wouldn't suffer too much if we kept one "integrated" (or rather: combined) lemma and shortened both parts in the process. Immensely redundant meta-scientific ramblings about communication could readily be replaced by appropriate wikilinks, for example. -- Kku 19:26, 24 May 2016 (UTC)

Desperately in need of restructure
This is a terrible article. Much of it is incomprehensible. But this article needs much, much more than improved expression. Like so many other marketing articles, it lacks an organising framework and exhibits major omissions. It is desperately in need of a logical structure so that it flows and to avoid unnecessary repetitions.

Specific Problems

1. Major Omission Number 1: Where are the elements of the marketing communications mix (advertising, PR, sales promotion, personal selling, etc)? By understanding how the communications mix consists of many, diverse elements can readers begin to understand the necessity for integrating messages across a broad range of activities and media platforms.

1a. Other Omissions: I cannot see any mention of other channels such as cinema, catalogues, brochures, billboards and out-of-home media, taxi-backs and other new media. Nor can I see any mention of other types of promotion such as sampling, point of sale displays, brand-oriented websites, virtual brand communities, trade fairs, exhibitions, event marketing, trade shows etc - the latter are VERY important for reaching distribution intermediaries and essential if the marketer is using a "push strategy". Finally, there is no mention of internal marketing communications - communicating the corporate values and vision to employees and internal stakeholders - another VERY important activity as firms shift from transaction based marketing to relationship marketing and especially important for service firms. Surely these are worthy of at least passing mention?

2. Traditional media (heading 5): This section appears to consist of a list of main advertising media. Fair enough, but how is this different from Heading 6 Communications Platforms? Surely, they are all media and should all be included under the same heading. And, how is any of this different from 6.8. E-communications which also covers the internet, cellphones etc and arguably represent different types of media or channel. Currently, the Internet is covered in three sections, namely 6.8.1 The Internet and 6.2 The Internet (and also briefly mentioned in 6.5 in-product comms). These channels all need to be collapsed together and integrated within a logical framework.

3. Balance: Far more weight is given to "communications platforms" than "traditional media" in terms of verbiage. Yet, in terms of adspend, traditional media still accounts for the majority of budgets. The treatment of alternative media options requires considerably greater balance. Digital media might be sexy, but they are cheap and therefore don't consume so much of the overall promotional budget.

4. Social mediation: (appears to be a process) What is this doing in the middle of the discussion on "communications platforms"? Has social media (a communications media or platform) been confused with social mediation (a process where influencers have some sort of impact on message credibility)

5. Marketing mix: What is this doing in the middle of the article? Marcomms is one element in the marketing mix - it might be worth mentioning in the opening section for the sake of context, but doesn't need its own heading. Other articles on WP cover this topic. No need to repeat material that is covered elsewhere.

6. Branding What is this doing in the middle of the article? Surely the more important issue is that there are different types of marketing communications - brand-oriented communications, corporate oriented communications and other types (e.g. political, pro-social, not-for-profit - all with their unique challenges) Other pages on WP cover branding - there's just no need to go over it again - and especially no need for a brief history of branding in the middle of this article.

7. Opinion Leaders: There's a lengthy section on opinion leaders bang smack in the middle of the communications model  (heading 4.1) where it is not a good fit. The terms, opinion leaders and influencers seem to be used interchangeably, but there are no definitions - so we cannot really say whether they refer to the same type of person. Have these terms been conflated? Or are they really the same thing? We also have mention of opinion leaders in no less than six different sections (see below). This level of repetition is unnecessary, confusing and potentially boring to readers. It also underlines the need for a strong organising framework that develops ideas and themes in a logical manner. Sections which currently canvass opinion leaders/ influencers:
 * 2.1 Pyschology of communications
 * 4.0 Communications process
 * 4.1. Opinion leaders and opinion formers
 * 4.3 Adjusted model of communications
 * 6.0 Communications platforms
 * 6.1. Social mediation

8. Adjusted model of communications (heading 4.3): Why do we need to know about the adjusted communications model, when we haven't even been given the benefit of the original model (that is the model that was in use before it needed adjustment) nor given any insight into what was so wrong about earlier models that they even needed adjusting? Seriously??? What is this about?? I have been working in marketing and advertising for some 40 years and have never heard of this adjusted model! Is the reference reliable and does it reflect a consensus view in the literature?

9.  Lack of managerial perspective: This article is very descriptive (and poorly-written description at that). It simply describes various activities, phenomena and media, but without giving any real indication as to how or why they are used to solve marketing related problems. This article needs a much stronger managerial or analytical perspective.

10. Trends in Marcomms: Marketing communications has undergone profound changes in last decade or two - fragmentation of audiences, fragmentation of media, changing role of advertising agencies, rise of in-house agencies, the demise of the 'disruption model' in favour of the 'conversation/dialogue' approach, the rise of relationship marketing, new types of advertising (e.g. behavioural targeting), the advent of adblocking, mass-customisation, co-creation of value, reduced advertising and promotion budgets, increased accountability for marketing and advertising managers, the importance of measuring advertising and communications effects. These trends present both challenges and new opportunities. Yet, the reader gets no sense of these profound changes which not only affect the way consumers attend to promotional messages, but also change the marketer's role and how they seek to communicate wit their target markets and target audiences.

The article on Integrated marketing communications is of no better quality than this article. Surely the two could be merged with the best bits from each used to form a new article that has a bit of substance and does justice to the topic? It doesn't matter whether it's called marketing communications or integrated marketing communications, since all communications in this day and age SHOULD BE integrated.

I strongly recommend that this article be merged with integrated marketing communications (which already has a lot of support on this talk page) and I have posted a suggestion for a new structure of the two articles on the Talk page of the Integrated Marketing Communications article. Some of the existing content from both articles could be located under the new, suggested headings, however, considerable new content would need to be developed.

If we can agree, more or less, on a structure, perhaps editors could then take responsibility for developing a single heading or sub-heading. In this way, the entire article could be rewritten in just a few weeks. (Note that there are so many articles in the marketing area that a screaming out for attention and restructure that I cannot undertake it all! We really need editors in the marketing area who are prepared to make substantive contributions/ undertake content development - rather than simply make Wiki tweaks).

I would encourage interested editors and others to have a look at the article on Advertising management which is currently undergoing restructure with major content development (also see the Talk page on that article) for a few ideas about how imposing an overall organisational structure or framework will help to sequence the topics in a logical order that flows, with each section building on the previous section, so that the article adds real value and makes it worthwhile for users to consult it. This suggested structure also serves as a work plan for prospective editors.

BronHiggs (talk) 08:57, 5 December 2016 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I note that someone has proposed that the article Integrated marketing communications be merged with this one. However, I would like to propose the reverse - that this article be merged with Integrated marketing communications.

The reasons for this are as follows:

1. There is considerable overlap between the two articles and at least one of them is redundant 2. All marketing communications should be integrated, therefore it mays more sense to use the IMC article as the foundation and merge to it. 3. The current article is in very poor shape with poor expression, conceptual problems, definitional problems, lack of sources etc evidenced by the many tags and templates that adorn it. 4. This article is a good candidate for deletion unless something is done. Rather than lose it entirely, it makes sense to merge it where the best of this article can be retained and used to improve another article.

This article also overlaps with a number of other articles on wikipedia, notably Promotion (marketing)which is also known as Marketing communications or Integrated marketing communications and since all communications should be integrated, really only one of these articles is required.

Some of the content of the current article overlaps with the following main articles:

 * Advertising especially Advertising
 * Advertising management
 * Integrated marketing communications
 * Promotion (marketing)
 * Promotional campaign
 * Promotion mix

as well as a plethora of smaller articles devoted to specific types of promotion, including, but not confined to:

 * Advertising mail (although nobody really knows what that is - probably a reference to direct mail?)
 * Advertising media selection
 * Direct marketing
 * Direct response television
 * Public relations
 * Sales promotion
 * Product placement
 * Branded entertainment
 * Mass media
 * Promotional merchandise

and that's not to mention the proliferation of articles on digital media of which there are literally scores on Wikipedia. This level of overlap is excessive, and is causing lots of problems particularly internal repetitions and contradictions. It appears that many articles on Wikipedia have their own idiosyncratic understanding of the concepts of promotion and advertising and that there is little agreement between them. For the main part, these articles are not using standard definitions as used in the marketing literature. The result is that much of the material on marketing is at brest, confused and at worst, misleading.

These marketing pages need to be consolidated through mergers and deletions as a matter of some urgency. BronHiggs (talk) 19:09, 13 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Comment It is true there is some overlap, and I think the general quality of many of these articles on marketing-related subjects are substandard, but merging them will entail rewriting, and much work, with the possibility of chopping off numerous points of view, so exactly what are you proposing here -- are you proposing to do the merging & rewriting? It is a big job. If so, how good of a writer are you? and what is your experience with marketing?--Tomwsulcer (talk) 11:55, 16 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Another comment Hey I briefly looked over your contributions in marketing, particularly the article on Consumer Behaviour and your work is impressive -- you're a good editor here, talented, and have made a positive contribution. On the Consumer Behaviour article, it went from 56K to 109K with many more references, good ones, like Kotler etc, and the article is more intelligible overall (a problem with much business writing is that it quickly gets dry and vague -- it is really difficult to write in a way to make ideas vivid). And this is largely your work -- great job. So please -- all power to you, go ahead and fix up these articles as you see fit. If you run into problems, write something on my talk page, and I'll try to help out.--Tomwsulcer (talk) 12:29, 16 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose The term "marketing communications" is older than the relatively new "integrated marketing communications"—see the Google Ngram comparison. There are four times more books about "marketing communications" than "integrated marketing communications" as evidenced by a WorldCat search:    vs. .  If I search monster.com for an "integrated marketing communications" job, the results are mostly for "marketing communications" positions:  . Articles should be named using the words people actually use, not the words we'd like them to use (especially when those people write WP:RS).  I think the phenomenon you're running into for Marketing & Advertising is the same one generally for Business:  Often an academic or consultant creates a "new" methodology or approach by slapping an impressive-sounding adjective on an old term (e.g., "total" + "quality management" = "total quality management"), but then when you try to figure out what exactly the difference between the two is, you come up empty handed.  As always, start with the sources, not with your intuition.  See also WP:Verifiability, not truth and WP:Recentism. -- DanielPenfield (talk) 09:47, 17 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Comment, my sense is that is proposing what you're proposing, that you're on the same page here -- am I getting this right -- that is, merging Integrated marketing communications and Marketing communications into one article, probably titled Marketing communications. For me this seems a reasonable proposition. Am I understanding properly what is being proposed here?--Tomwsulcer (talk) 12:28, 17 January 2017 (UTC) I think what BronHiggs is saying is that the IMC article is currently the better one, that content be merged into it, but the titling of the article, well, I'm kind of leaning to keeping the term MC but I don't feel that strongly about it.--Tomwsulcer (talk) 12:30, 17 January 2017 (UTC)
 * The template at the top of this article is merge from. The template at the top of Integrated marketing communications is mergeto.  User:BrongHiggs states that he or she "would like to propose the reverse". -- DanielPenfield (talk) 13:31, 17 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Response

The terms, "marketing communications", "integrated marketing communications" and "promotion" are used interchangebly. Even when a practitioner talks about "marketing communications" it is most often implied that the communications be integrated. The conventional wisdom is that all marcomms should be integrated. The term, IMC, first appeared in the 1990s when both audiences and advertising media began to fragment and when a plethora of new forms of promotion emerged. As marketers began to communicate across an ever burgeoning range of platforms, more opportunities for sending mixed messages presented themselves. In addition, advertising agencies which had historically focussed on developing advertisements exclusively, forced marketers to engage other consultancies to design websites, carry out PR and design direct marketing programs. This involvement of a myriad of agencies exacerbated the problem of mixed messages. To overcome this problem, marketers began to think about how to integrated messages and objectives across all agencies and all communications platforms.

 * The data that Penfield produces in support of his objection would not pass Wikipedia's reliability test.

 * Firstly, the Google Ngram defies comprehension because the Y-axis lacks a value label. What is being measured? The number of books published in a given year? The cumulative number of books in print in a given year? The number of books listed on Google in a given year? Is it the number of times a book has been mentioned or cited on Google (in which case has double counting been factored into the results)? Is it a census of all marketing publications or a sample of publications?  Given that the value is expressed as a percentage, what is the base? The number of Google mentions expressed as a percentage of all Google mentions or the number of titles in print?

 * Secondly, the Google Ngram reports percentages at .0000000% (one in 1,000,000) If the data is sampled (rather than a census), then normal sampling error of 5-10% (depending on the size of the sample) applies. Thus the data reported is too small to reach any conclusions about statistical significance.

 * Thirdly, the world cat search for titles on marketing communications is a poor indicator of the current titles and their scope. Many of the titles which allegedly are about marketing communications (and NOT written from an integrated marketing communications perspective) actually contain the term, integrated in their titles:

 * Examples of publication titles included in World Cat's list of Marketing Communications (but allegedly NOT integrated marketing communications) titles
 * Belch and Belch, Advertising and promotion : an integrated marketing communications perspective [emphasis added]
 * Kenneth Clow's Integrated advertising, promotion & marketing communications [emphasis added]
 * David Pickton's Integrated marketing communications [emphasis added]
 * Schultz et al's Integrated marketing communications''   [emphasis added]
 * Shimp's Advertising, promotion & supplemental aspects of integrated marketing communications [emphasis added]
 * P R Smith; Ze Zook, Marketing communications: integrating offline and online with social media
 * Kitchen and Pelsmacker, Integrated marketing communications: a primer [emphasis added]
 * Richard J Semenik, Promotion and integrated marketing communications [emphasis added]
 * Smith, Berry and Pulford, Strategic marketing communications: new ways to build and integrate communications [emphasis added]
 * Smith and Taylor's Marketing communications: an integrated approach [emphasis added]
 * Yeshin's Integrated marketing communications : the holistic approach (published by Chartered Institute of Marketing) [emphasis added]
 * Linton and Morley's ''Integrated marketing communications (also Chartered Institute of Marketing) [emphasis added]
 * Ouwersloot & Duncan, Integrated marketing communications [emphasis added]
 * Caywood, The handbook of strategic public relations and and integrated marketing communications [emphasis added]
 * Hackley, Advertising and promotion: an integrated marketing communications approach [emphasis added]
 * Kwang-Yong Shin, The executor of integrated marketing communications strategy : marcom manager's working model [emphasis added]
 * Hart's Implementing an Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy' [emphasis added]
 * Hutton and Mulhern, Marketing communications: integrated theory, strategy & tactics [emphasis added]
 * Arens et al, Contemporary advertising and integrated marketing communications [emphasis added]
 * Brannan, A practical guide to integrated' marketing communications [emphasis added]
 * Schultz, Patti and Kitchen, The evolution of integrated marketing communications: the customer-driven marketplace [emphasis added]

[Note: List only includes first 8 pages of World Cat listings and excludes self-published titles]

 * Fourthly, of the publication titles that allegedly do not include the term, integrated, in their titles, we cannot assume that they do not adopt an integrated perspective. Looking at the World Cat list of titles about Marketing Communications, and focussing on the very first entry, John Egan, Marketing Communications, London, Sage, 2015, the author makes a distinction between targeted communications and integrated communications (p.45). The book by Lyn Eagle et al, Marketing Communications devotes an entire chapter to integrated marketing communications (Chapter 4). Simple lists do not provide any information about the work's perspective and it is dangerous to make assumptions based on a simple title or its appearance in a list.

 * Fifthly, providing gross counts (frequencies) of the numbers of books containing integrated in their titles is a futile exercise. Of course, we would expect to see more publications with simple marketing communications titles simply because the concept of marketing communications has a much longer heritage and therefore more time for books with this title to accumulate. But observing the number of titles in print, tells us nothing about how the concept has changed or evolved over time.

 * Sixthly, other works contain neither marketing communications nor integrated marketing communications in their titles, yet adopt an integrated marcomms ×perspective. John Rossiter and Larry Percy's, Advertising and Promotion Management Mc-Graw-Hill, 1987 is one well-known example. Any attempt to comprehensively capture titles about marketing communications should not ignore promotion (since it is synonymous with marketing communications).

 * Seventh, the point about looking for job advertisements containing the term integrated ignores the fact that academics and practitioners use the terms synonymously. Those who place job advertisements in newspapers or online are charged on the basis of the number of characters in the advertisement. It is hardly surprising, then, that classified advertisers will use shortcuts to reduce verbiage. In case you are interested, here is a position description for a Marketing Communications Specialist that does not mention integrated in the position title, yet specifically calls for skills in integrating campaigns as part of the duties, See:  http://manitobastart.com/wp-content/uploads/2716-Marketing-Communications-Specialist.pdf

 * Eighth, to gauge how the terms marketing communications and integrated marketing communications are used, it is necessary to look inside publications and consider various writing about the concepts. For example, in their work, The evolution of integrated marketing communications: the customer-driven marketplace Schultz, Patti and Kitchen, state that "there can be little doubt that IMC has become one of the most influential marketing management frameworks of our time" (p.1). In another example, David Pickton and Amanda Broderick, in their work Integrated Marketing Communications (2nd ed, Pearson, 2005) write that "Integration is something with which the marketing communications industry at large is increasingly concerned." (p.3). In yet another example, Philip J. Kitchen and Inga Burgmann noted that "integrated marketing communication (IMC) emerged during the late twentieth century and its importance has been growing ever since" in Wiley International Encyclopedia of Marketing [Chapter 10] 2010. And, one final example, alluding to the need for change in terminology; "Integration has become an essential concept in marketing because technological advances have changed how business stakeholders interact. Marketing theory that was established during the discipline's formative years has been overtaken by the complexities of real-time, multimodal, multi-directional communication."  Bilal Naeem, Muhammad Bilal and Uma Naz, "Integrated Marketing Communication: A Review Paper," Interdisciplinay Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, vol. 5, no 5, 2013,

 * It is very difficult to find a text book written since the mid 1990s that does not include some discussion of integrated marketing communications. The concept has evolved in response to changes in the marketing environment. The term, promotion as a synonym for marcomms is becoming increasingly outmoded. However, the terms marcomms and integrated marcomms have become synonymous. Some authors will make the distinction, especially when discussing the historical context, to separate early marcomms practice from integrated marketing communications. This is hardly recentism. The term IMC was first proposed in the late 1980s and early 1990s - although some authors claim that it has an older heritage dating back to the 1970s. (See Schultz, Patti and Kitchen, The evolution of integrated marketing communications: the customer-driven marketplace, for example). So we are talking about a concept that has been around for 30-50 years and has become a standard feature of almost all texts. It is a stable fixture within marketing vocabulary, features in every marketing dictionary or glossary of terms, enjoys widespread consensus amongst both practitioners and academics and is an integral part of marketing practice. That seems like a little bit more than just "slapping an impressive-sounding adjective on an old term" by some arcane academic wanting to make his or her name.

 * In spite of the opposition to the merge, Wikipedia is still left with three articles that more or less cover the same territory; Marketing communications; Integrated marketing communications and Promotion (marketing). However, it should be noted that while these articles purport to canvass the same topics, they are not identical in every respect and there is evidence of contradictions between them, giving rise to a great deal of confusion among users. Both articles are of exceedingly poor quality as noted by other editors for many years. My suggestion was that they be merged and that Integrated Marketing Communications become the main article in this area. If you do not wish to merge, any suggestions for how to overcome the overlapping problems and/or internal contradictions would be most welcome. BronHiggs (talk) 23:35, 17 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Comment. Sheesh, BronHiggs, can you write without making your own textbook?--Tomwsulcer (talk) 01:03, 18 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Response I am afraid that I have become all too accustomed to reversionist, deletionist and obstructionist editors who look for one small issue in your counter-arguments and seize on it to dismiss the substance of the entire response. I have found it easier to provide substantive arguments right up front in an effort to minimise 'to and fro' debates. I would prefer not to debate these things at all, since from my viewpoint, it represents time and energy that could be devoted to cleaning up other poor quality articles.--BronHiggs (talk) 03:17, 18 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Comment. Yes, I understand, many of us who have been here for a while know about the back and forth; I've been thru what you're going thru, and yes it can be frustrating, but I think if you persevere, it will work out. Generally here I think you're both right -- DanielPenfield has excellent advice about naming articles and about some of the jargon-y junk words like 'integrated' etc and about strategies about how to approach things, and my sense is BronHiggs that you care about seriously improving these articles (which are in need of improvement) and you know what you're talking about -- frankly you've done a great job of taking the article on Consumer Behaviour from -this version in September to a recent version -- double in size, many more references, better organization, so good job BronHiggs. Are we getting bogged down with a naming detail here? Or, what if you didn't do a complete merge, but simply trimmed down one article, moved content to another one, but left both articles as articles? Just offering my thoughts here.--Tomwsulcer (talk) 11:07, 18 January 2017 (UTC) One more thought: I kind of lean towards DanielPenfield's sentiment about preferring the title Marketing Communications for the reasons given (term is older, simpler; more hits; it's what people use most often, and the Integrated adjective seems rather consultant-ish buzzy, braggy and vague to my ear as if some salespeople are making a big deal out of nothing) but I really don't feel strongly about either choice.--Tomwsulcer (talk) 11:22, 18 January 2017 (UTC)

Summing Up So far we have one person on the Marketing Communications talk page who has suggested merging the two articles, but has not indicated the direction of the merge. Over on the Integrated Marketing communications talk page there are three editors opposed to any merge at all - they seeem to want to keep IMC as a stand alone article. (These summary figures exclude the recent suggestions made by Penfield and myself). Now I have proposed a merge and David Penfield has opposed this, so we seem to cancel each other out. In my view, this does not amount to anything like a consensus, or if anything, it is a vote to keep IMC intact.

In addition, there are a number of comments about the very poor standard of both articles going back to as early as 2008; comments that I must endorse. Both are terrible articles - badly written, conceptually unsound, factually incorrect and imparting very little in the way of real insight. Very little appears to have been done to improve either since then. Moreover, it seems unlikely that anyone would want to edit an article that is possibly scheduled for merger or deletion. I have no doubt that I could make substantial improvements to at least one of these articles in the space of a week or so, but like other editors, I would be reluctant to put in such an effort when the long term fate of the article is uncertain. In addition, I would not be able to choose which one would receive my attention since, in my mind, and in most textbooks, integrated marketing communications is the contemporary version of marketing communications which means that of necessity there has to be considerable overlap. It would therefore be futile to work on both. And, merging is a lot of work to undertake - especially if there's a high probability of it being reverted.

I am very keen to improve articles. For the past three months, my aim has been to help provide articles that are interesting, conceptually sound, make use of references from leading thinkers on each topic or sub-topic and ultimately provide final articles that are worthwhile and useful to Wikipedia users. In the past, I have tried to find an poor quality/unfinished articles that do not generate much in the way of patrolling or vigilance, so that I can work away undisturbed and without having content constantly reverted or challenged. Clearly the articles on marcomms and IMC do not fall into that category. I am inclined to let them stand as they are. My suggestions for improvement can remain on the talk page indefinitely where they might serve as a template for another braver, editor who might come along at some point in the future with a determination to improve these articles and enough spine to take on any challenges. BronHiggs (talk) 04:41, 19 January 2017 (UTC)

 * ???, you're way overthinking things and way giving other contributors too much power to veto your potential future contributions. All wiki-content is impermanent like a sandcastle (you may enjoy the act of building and creating content) although unlike sandcastles, good stuff tends to last if it's well-referenced, cogent, and relevant. I've had entire articles deleted. My advice -- focus on content creation and less on politics; if you run into a troublesome obstructionist, write on my talk page, briefly, showing diffs and explain briefly what you'd like me to do to back you up.--Tomwsulcer (talk) 11:58, 19 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Support Merge per nom. I'm in favour of the more general "Marketing communications" as the eventual title of the article, but I see no problem with merging this material to Integrated marketing communications and fixing it up there (if that's easier). Can leave decisions about its ultimate title until afterwards. – Reidgreg (talk) 14:36, 28 March 2017 (UTC)

Tags
This page needs help - but the help it needs isn't being tagged 7 times over the course 3 years. I removed it - add them back (as needed), but please attempt to be bold and make some fixes yourself instead of waiting for others to take the lead. I've added this page to my watch list (and overhaul list) - but don't wait for me to fix it. Garchy (talk) 19:53, 24 April 2017 (UTC)

Merge with Integrated marketing communications
There is simply no academic justification for retaining this article. All text books on marketing communications these days adopt an integrated approach. As the media and the market become more and more fragmented, the imperative for integrated communications assumes greater importance rather than less. I would be happy to overhaul an article on integrated marketing communications if we could get agreement to merge in that direction. Both these articles currently have very similar content and are equally shabby in their conceptualisation and execution. It is not enough to say that these two articles could be improved and then merged at a later date. The article would be written VERY differently depending on whether it was a historical article about general marketing communications (as it was practiced in the 1980s and 90s) or a contemporary article about integrated marketing communications as it is practiced today. I would not want to waste my time locating references for concepts of integration in a communications context, only to find that it all becomes redundant when the article becomes deleted in favour of retaining the historical piece. BronHiggs (talk) 22:48, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
 * citing from Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/marketing-communications.html and the corresponding imc page:

 * marketing communications:Coordinated promotional messages delivered through one or more channels such as print, radio, television, direct mail, and personal selling.
 * integrated marketing communications:An approach to achieving the objectives of a marketing campaign, through a well coordinated use of different promotional methods that are intended to reinforce each other. As defined by the American Association of Advertising Agencies, integrated marketing communications " ... recognizes the value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines advertising, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion and combines them to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communication impact."
 * Integrated CM is ONLY about the insight that CM must be coordinated. Wow. Who would've guessed. This is far too flimsy for a non-management-consultant to merit a mention of its own. Merge: Definitely. CM to ICM: Oppose. -- Kku (talk) 10:00, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
 * {| class="wikitable"
 * {| class="wikitable"

! Your claim !! My Response
 * There is simply no academic justification for retaining this article. || You seem confused. Wikipedia does not use "academic justification", it uses the general notability guideline for determining what to include in Wikipedia and what not to include.  I understand that you want to deny that the term "marketing communications" is used much more frequently than "integrated marketing communications" (as evidenced by Google Ngram, WorldCat, and actual job postings on major employment websites).  However, even you in a recent talk page post used "marcomms" literally ten times more than "integrated marcomms".  That's right, your own natural use of the term undermines exactly what you're attempting to get everyone else to believe.
 * All text books on marketing communications these days adopt an integrated approach. || Why do you want to restrict sourcing to college textbooks of the last ten years or so only? Why should other types of sources on the subject be supressed?  Why should sources closer in time to the first use of the term be supressed?
 * As the media and the market become more and more fragmented, the imperative for integrated communications assumes greater importance rather than less. || If you can find reliable sources that discuss this, then it sounds like you've got the beginnings of a section that describes this aspect of marketing communications.
 * Both these articles currently have very similar content and are equally shabby in their conceptualisation and execution. || That's probably because like many business-related terms, they were vaguely defined (or more accurately, never defined) by the people who invented them decades ago.
 * It is not enough to say that these two articles could be improved and then merged at a later date. || The only person suggesting this is you because you cannot accept that an article on marketing communications should cover both "marketing communications" and "integrated marketing communications".
 * The article would be written VERY differently depending on whether it was a historical article about general marketing communications (as it was practiced in the 1980s and 90s) or a contemporary article about integrated marketing communications as it is practiced today. || I understand that you really, really want others to accept is that it's one or the other because "it cannot be both." That is a false dilemma.
 * I would not want to waste my time locating references for concepts of integration in a communications context, only to find that it all becomes redundant when the article becomes deleted in favour of retaining the historical piece. || More confirmation that you want to 1) restrict sourcing to only the newest, shiniest college textbooks and 2) cover only marketing communications as it exists in 2017. You could benefit from reading WP:RECENTISM and WP:NPOV.
 * } -- DanielPenfield (talk) 09:09, 17 October 2017 (UTC)
 * It is not enough to say that these two articles could be improved and then merged at a later date. || The only person suggesting this is you because you cannot accept that an article on marketing communications should cover both "marketing communications" and "integrated marketing communications".
 * The article would be written VERY differently depending on whether it was a historical article about general marketing communications (as it was practiced in the 1980s and 90s) or a contemporary article about integrated marketing communications as it is practiced today. || I understand that you really, really want others to accept is that it's one or the other because "it cannot be both." That is a false dilemma.
 * I would not want to waste my time locating references for concepts of integration in a communications context, only to find that it all becomes redundant when the article becomes deleted in favour of retaining the historical piece. || More confirmation that you want to 1) restrict sourcing to only the newest, shiniest college textbooks and 2) cover only marketing communications as it exists in 2017. You could benefit from reading WP:RECENTISM and WP:NPOV.
 * } -- DanielPenfield (talk) 09:09, 17 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I would not want to waste my time locating references for concepts of integration in a communications context, only to find that it all becomes redundant when the article becomes deleted in favour of retaining the historical piece. || More confirmation that you want to 1) restrict sourcing to only the newest, shiniest college textbooks and 2) cover only marketing communications as it exists in 2017. You could benefit from reading WP:RECENTISM and WP:NPOV.
 * } -- DanielPenfield (talk) 09:09, 17 October 2017 (UTC)
 * } -- DanielPenfield (talk) 09:09, 17 October 2017 (UTC)

IMC: The evolution of a discipline
Here follows a few quotes, taken from authoritative sources about the current widepread acceptance and practice of IMC. Disciplines change - they evolve over time. IMC is widely regarded as an important evolution in marketing communications, and has been widely accepted for more than 20 years.

 * "The planning and execution of all marketing communication should be integrated." Source: Larry Percy, Strategic Integrated Marketing Communications, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008, p. 14 [emphasis original]

 * "The emergence of integrated marketing communications (IMC) has become a significant example of development in the marketing discipline. It has influenced thinking and acting among all types of companies and organizations facing the realities of competition in an open economy." Source: Olof Holm, (2006) "Integrated marketing communication: from tactics to strategy", Corporate Communications: An International Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp.23-33, https://doi.org/10.1108/13563280610643525

 * "The findings [in a multi-country study on the application of IMC] indicate that IMC is not a short-lived managerial fad, nor is it just a reworking of existent theory or practice. Instead, IMC is a very clear reaction by advertising agencies and their clients as they are affected by a multitude of factors such as new forms of information technology including development and usage of databases, media fragmentation, client desires for interaction/synergy, and global and regional coordination. " Source: Kitchen, P.J. and Schultz, D.E. "A Multi-Country Comparison of the Drive for IMC." Journal of Advertising Research, 1999, Vol. 39, no. p. 21

 * An integrated approach "has emerged as the dominant approach used by companies to plan and execute their marketing communication programs." Source: Belch, G.E and Belch, M.A., "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Elements of Integrated Marketing Communications: A Review of Research," Occasional Paper, San Diego State University, 2016

 * "The most marked example of progress in marketing communications is the emergence of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)." Source: Kitchen, P.J., "New paradigm – IMC – under fire", Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, Vol. 15 Issue: 1, 2005, p.72,

 * "Research has shown that IMC is indeed a new paradigm and can be quite successfully deployed by all types of firms in the new millennium." Source: Ichul, L., Han, D. and Schultz, D., "Understanding the Diffusion of Integrated Marketing Communications," Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 44, No. 1, 2004, p. 31

 * "IMC has given rise to different theoretical models and understandings." Source: Cornelissen, J.P., Christensen, L. and Vijn, P., "Understanding the Development and Diffusion of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC): A Metaphorical Perspective, NRG Working Paper'' No. 06-02, 2006, p.1

 * "IMC makes "good sense." Source: Pettigrew, L.S., "If IMC is so Good, Why Isn't Being Implemented: Barriers to IMC Adoption in Corporate Amercia," Journal of Integrated Communication, 2000-2001

 * "The general acceptance of the IMC discourse may... be explained by reference to its rhetorical appeal, that is, its promise to provide coherence at many different levels." Source: Cornelissen, J.P., Christensen, L. and Vijn, P., "Understanding the Development and Diffusion of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC): A Metaphorical Perspective, NRG Working Paper'' No. 06-02, 2006, p.11

I have added some new content to the article on Integrated marketing communications with a view to improving it, correcting some factual errors and removing some internal inconsistencies. I have nothing more to say on the subject and withdraw my previous offer to rewrite the article. BronHiggs (talk) 00:31, 15 November 2017 (UTC)

Excessive detailing
From what I see in this article, there is a myriad of information which is not needed. The overview is concise enough, but definitions are paragraphs long and don’t need to have this much data. A brief, but sufficient enough explanation is what a definition should be. Furthermore, these definitions have their own articles, so there is no need for tangents as you can just simply look at the main page. A similar problem would be in “Types of Communication”, listing 4 definitions which once again, can be simplified without losing its coherent meaning. I’m not trying to sound pretentious, but this is something that has been overlooked. I have already added a citation and a quote from “what Wikipedia is not”. This is just simply too much for a person who just happens to stumble upon to be interested in.

Alternatively, you may not have to remove all of the present information, but split it into separate articles. On one hand, this solves the problems of over-detailed paragraphs. On the other hand, there comes the problem of if it will be distinct enough to warrant its own page.

There are some subtitles which do not even need to be in this article in the first place. “Communication process” serves to describe how communication works. What makes “communication process” different from “communication”? Once again, there is no need to state the definition. To further my side, I will quote a part of the transactional model to show how excessive the amount of details in this page contains.

“Source: The source is an individual or organization that has information to share. The source (or sender) creates and sends the information to another person or group of people. The source may be an individual (e.g. a salesperson or spokesperson) or a non-personal identity (e.g. a corporation or organization). The communication process begins with the source, marketers must carefully choose a source as it affects how the message will be perceived by the target audience.”

And here is my revision:

“Source: The source, which may be an individual or organization, creates and sends information to a person or group. Communication starts with the source, so marketers must carefully choose one as it affects the target audience.”

Mine took 2 sentences. The original took 4. If every paragraph is structured like this, then if I theoretically revised the entire article, then the amount of words will be cut in half. Combined with information that should be on its own article, I find this to be a convincing argument that the entire page needs to be amended completely. Senomo Drines (talk) 17:45, 20 May 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Introduction to Media Culture
— Assignment last updated by Smiths23 (talk) 17:18, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Digital Communication
— Assignment last updated by Jamie.green-2 (talk) 18:17, 9 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marketing communications


text:
User talk:Elcidcampeador

Hi, welcome to Wikipedia. I look forward to seeing your contributions to Henry Kissinger and other articles. ;) -- Viajero 18:58, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Battle of quebec
Hello,

I merged the table you added at Battle of quebec to the existing article at Battle of Quebec (1775). I also created at redirect from the first to Battle of Quebec and removed the notice from Requested moves. older ≠ wiser 21:03, Mar 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Elcidcampeador


text:
Category talk:Mythology stubs

Untitled
I have no idea how many stubs are here, but I guess it is too many. I have added at least 300, the maximum size of a stub category should be 1000, otherwise it has a negative performance effect on Wikipedia. Onco p53 19:00, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Defintely too many. Subcategories are needed;  would be a good start.  -Sean Curtin 04:00, May 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Listed proposal on Stub sorting. Lets see what the general opinion is. GeeJo 03:37, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks like it was accepted. Running down the list now GeeJo 00:35, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Mythology stubs


text:
UltimateTV

Ultimate TV may refer to:

 * UltimateTV (online service), a defunct online service
 * Microsoft UltimateTV, Microsoft's DVR intended to compete with TiVo

title: UltimateTV


text:
Talk:Zeno of Elea

Paradoxes given by Aristotle
I removed the two paradoxes from Aristotle as they are contained in the more appropriate Zeno's paradoxes. Uriah923 07:39, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Pederasts?
Leaving aside the question of "Why would they not have been?" is not this sufficient indication that indeed they were: "Plato says that Zeno was "tall and fair to look upon" and was "in the days of his youth … reported to have been beloved by Parmenides". (Parmenides 127)" Haiduc 23:35, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Zeno wasn't a pederast. He was the child in the pederast relationship. Parmenides was the pederast.Mr. 123453334 (talk) 00:10, 30 April 2021 (UTC)

Muse?
It is said that Pythagoras recommended the building of shrines to the Muses. Could Zeno have played the comic relief to Parmenides? He seems to have been a bit of a trickster who, like Hermes who gave Apollo a bad time of it, wreaked havoc on Parmenides' arguments. In Plato's Parmenides the Athenians give the impression that Parmenides was the better of the two. When asked for a copy of one of his works Zeno claims that it was a juvinile effort and that it was lost. He is supposed to have written a work containing forty paradoxes. His argument that points do not exist is interesting. Compare the present with eternity. --Jbergquist 22:52, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

"Greek philosopher of southern Italy"
Er... how exactly is he both Greek and Italian? --Jatopian 22:42, 21 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Remember, Elea was a Greek colony in Italy. Presumably he was born there, making him Italian, but of Greek parents in a Greek-claimed city-state, thus making him also Greek. --Gwern (contribs) 02:04 22 August 2007 (GMT)

Betrand Russel Quote
The quote by Bertrand Russel quote seems out of place in the introduction. Would anyone have any problem if I just put some of its substance into the intro. (Lucas(CA) 23:10, 30 November 2007 (UTC))

Conflict of dates
The article alludes to Aristotle being awear of Zeno and his work, even though the current birth/death dates would make this pretty much impossible.

The article states that he lived between 490 BC – ca. 430 BC, and i do recognise that the exact year is unknown, but (according to the wiki page on him)Aristotle lived from 384 BC to 322 BC, so for them to know each other they would have had time time travel.

Can this please be fixed up, somehow... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.6.43.107 (talk) 06:44, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Where does the article say that Aristotle knew Zeno? Zeno died roughly 50 years before Aristotle was born. Nevertheless Aristotle knew of Zeno and his work. Paul August ☎ 06:14, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

Zeno's beliefs
Having devised his paradoxes, did Zeno in fact believe that motion was physically impossible and thus was only an illusion? Or were his paradoxes to him simply philosophical in nature, with no actual bearing on reality? — Loadmaster (talk) 16:15, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I doubt they were merely philosophical arguments; presumably if they were 'just' arguments, then Zeno's point would've been 'look at the odd results reasoning can produce!', no? But Zeno, Parmenides, and Melissus seem to've genuinely believe their results. Consider that the Parmenides doesn't seem to present Zeno as ironic, nor does Parmenides's On Nature seem to undercut itself; likewise, I've never seen any fragments of Melissus which cast doubt on his adherence.
 * Now, if the writings were from a Sophist like Gorgias, maybe then one could suggest that the author did not believe his arguments. :) --Gwern (contribs) 19:35 29 October 2008 (GMT)

Portrait
Singinglemon has pointed out that the person in the protrait is very probably Zeno of Citium. A visual argument (captions reflect identity claims):

Has anyone more info on this matter? Paradoctor (talk) 14:25, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

 * I had a dig around for ancient representations of "Zeno", and all I can find are busts of Zeno of Citium:
 * A marble bust of Zeno of Citium in the Naples museum. This is the portrait of Zeno with the long beard, and it's clearly what the engraving currently illustrating this page is based on.
 * A marble bust of Zeno of Citium in the Capitoline museum. A somewhat cruder bust this one, and it may be what the alternative engravings of Zeno with a shorter beard are based on.
 * A bronze bust from Herculaneum, once thought to be Zeno of Sidon, but now accepted to be Zeno of Citium
 * Zeno of Elea was, relative to Zeno of Citium, a fairly obscure fellow in the ancient world - he didn't found a philsophical cult like the Cypriot did, and so no ancient portraits of him survive. As for the more modern engravings, they were often used, I think, to illustrate editions of Diogenes Laertius' Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, and Zeno of Elea has only a short entry in that, compared with Zeno of Citium who heads up book 7. Most engravings of Zeno, I'm afraid, are likely to be of Zeno of Citium. Singinglemon (talk) 20:36, 14 August 2010 (UTC)

The quote from Laërtius
The callout rquote from Laërtius does not expand its "box" properly when the reader increases his type size (zooms in), e.g., with ctrl+plus. If the reader has zoomed in even once, the ends of the nobreak lines are truncated in a way that makes the quote unintelligible. Either you have to do ctrl+zero and move closer to the screen and squint, or you can go to edit mode and try to read it, ignoring all the mark up characters, which are many. I do not know how to fix this.   Solo Owl   20:28, 2 September 2022 (UTC)

No solution has been agreed upon? Seriously?
Re. "Zeno's philosophy is still debated in the present day, and no solution to his paradoxes has been agreed upon by philosophers": Why don't they just integrate? This is high-school math. Philgoetz (talk) 02:01, 9 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Please, explain yourself. What is your point? I suppose you mean to say that a philosophcal paradox of this sort can have no clear solution, as is the case with mathematical problems (perhaps requiring integration). Well, this point is valid as far as epistemology is concerned, but it all comes down to how you interpret the term "solution". It doesn't have to be a numerical solution; could it not be taken to mean the "explanation"? L'OrfeoSon io 09:21, 9 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zeno of Elea


text:
Identity by type

Alleles have identity by type (IBT) when they have the same phenotypic effect or, if applied to a variation in the composition of DNA such as a single nucleotide polymorphism, when they have the same DNA sequence.

Alleles that are identical by type fall into two groups; those that are identical by descent (IBD) because they arose from the same allele in an earlier generation; and those that are non-identical by descent (NIBD) because they arose from separate mutations. NIBD can also be identical by state (IBS) though, if they share the same mutational expression but not through a recent common ancestor. Parent-offspring pairs share 50% of their genes IBD, and monozygotic twins share 100% IBD.

title: Identity by type