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Sisters (1972 film)

Sisters (released as Blood Sisters in the United Kingdom) is a 1972 American psychological horror film directed by Brian De Palma and starring Margot Kidder, Jennifer Salt, and Charles Durning. It follows a French Canadian model's separated conjoined twin who is suspected of having committed a brutal murder witnessed by a newspaper reporter in Staten Island, New York City.

Co-written by De Palma and Louisa Rose, the screenplay for the film was inspired by the Soviet conjoined twins Masha and Dasha Krivoshlyapova and features narrative and visual references to several films by Alfred Hitchcock. Filmed on location in Staten Island, the film prominently features split-screen compositions (also present in subsequent De Palma films such as Carrie), and was scored by frequent Hitchcock collaborator Bernard Herrmann.

Released in the spring of 1973, Sisters received praise from critics who noted its adept performances and use of homage. It marked the first thriller for De Palma, who followed it with other shocking thrillers, and went on to become a cult film in the years after its release.

Plot
Advertising salesman Philip Woode wins dinner for two at a Manhattan restaurant on a Candid Camera-style television show. Danielle Breton, a young French Canadian model and aspiring actress who was part of the prank, flirts with him and he agrees to take her as his date. After dinner, they retire to her Staten Island apartment to have sex. The next morning, Danielle tells Philip that Dominique, her twin sister, has come to celebrate their birthday. At her request, he goes to the drug store to refill a prescription and picks up a birthday cake at a bakery on his way back. When he returns, he is stabbed to death by the crazed Dominique. Before he dies, he tries to alert a neighbor by writing "help" in his own blood on a window.

The neighbor, a reporter named Grace Collier, calls the police. Danielle's ex-husband Emil helps her clean up and hide Philip's body by folding it inside the sofabed. Grace accompanies the skeptical Detective Kelly and his partner on a search of Danielle's apartment, but Danielle insists that she has been alone since last night.

Certain that Danielle is hiding the murderer, Grace persuades her editor to let her investigate the story on the basis that the police are ignoring her because Philip was black. She hires Larch, a private investigator, to gain access to the apartment. He determines that the couch contains the body. He also finds a thick file from the Loisel Institute on the Blanchion Twins, Canada's first conjoined twins. Grace's further investigations uncover that the twins were separated only recently, and that Dominique apparently died during the operation.

As Larch pursues the truck that Emil called to haul the couch away, Grace tails Emil and Danielle to a mental hospital. When she is caught, Emil convinces the staff that she is a new patient. He sedates her and places Danielle on the bed beside her, who is revealed to be barren due to an incident Danielle refuses to talk about. Emil promises to "tell her everything": revelations that play out in a black and white sequence where Grace (in her drugged state) hallucinates herself to be Dominique. Danielle and Dominique were orphaned conjoined twins who as adults, the shy, timid Dominique quickly becomes a burden to the more outgoing Danielle, who is married to Emil. After several sexual encounters, where Dominique is drugged unconscious against her will by Emil at Danielle's request so that they can have sex uninterrupted, Danielle becomes pregnant with his child. Dominique snaps after finding out that her sister is pregnant and stabs her in the stomach to kill her unborn child. Badly bleeding and rendered barren as a result of the wound, Emil arranges for the two to have surgery to separate them. However, Dominique dies during the procedure much to Danielle's horror. This causes Danielle to snap and create a split personality representing her sister. Whenever Danielle has a sexual experience, the violent "Dominique" personality takes over. The pills she took kept Dominique at bay.

Emil kisses Danielle passionately to bring forth "Dominique," so he can question her but she slashes him in the groin with a scalpel, and he bleeds to death. Grace awakens to find the sorrowful Danielle tenderly embracing Emil's bloody body and screams in horror. Detective Kelly arrests Danielle, who denies knowledge of the murders and says that her sister is dead. Kelly interviews Grace, who is still under Emil's hypnotic spell, repeating lines that he fed her to deny there was a murder. However, Larch tracks the sofa to a remote train station in Canada.

Cast

 * Margot Kidder as Danielle Breton / Dominique Blanchion
 * Jennifer Salt as Grace Collier
 * William Finley as Emil Breton
 * Charles Durning as Joseph Larch
 * Lisle Wilson as Phillip Woode
 * Barnard Hughes as Arthur McLennen
 * Mary Davenport as Mrs. Peyson Collier
 * Dolph Sweet as Detective Kelly
 * Olympia Dukakis as Louise Wilanski (uncredited)
 * Catherine Gaffigan as Arlene
 * Justine Johnston as Elaine D'Anna
 * James Mapes as Guard
 * Burt Richards as Hospital Attendant
 * Bill Durks as a Sanitorium resident

Analysis
Scholarly discussion of Sisters has centered largely on its prevalent theme of voyeurism as well as a perceived commentary on the women's liberation movement. Film critic and scholar Robin Wood wrote that the film "analyzes the ways in which women are oppressed within patriarchy society on two levels, the professional (Grace) and the psychosexual (Danielle/Dominique)." He adds: "If the monster is defined as that which threatens normality, it follows that the monster of Sisters is Grace as well as Danielle/Dominique–a point the film acknowledges in a cinematic hallucination/flashback sequence wherein Grace becomes Dominique... Simply, one can define the monster of Sisters as women's liberation."

The prominent allusions to works by Alfred Hitchcock have also been noted by critics such as Bruce Kawin, who wrote in 2000: "Sisters... makes intelligent reference to Rope (1948), Rear Window (1954), Psycho (1960), and even The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920). The film ends with a shot of a detective looking through binoculars at what might be called the scene of the crime, intently but fruitlessly watching a couch that no one will ever incriminate themselves with by picking up. From start to finish, Sisters is charged with scenes of looking—from seeing a murder through a window to seeing another person's memories in one's own mind."

Development
De Palma was inspired to write the screenplay for Sisters after reading an article in Life magazine in 1966 about the lives of the Soviet conjoined twins Masha and Dasha Krivoshlyapova: "At the end of the article there was a picture of the two girls sitting on a couch and the caption said that apart from the fact that they were joined at the hip both girls were physiologically normal, but as they were getting older they were developing psychological problems. One of the twins had a very surly, disturbing look on her face and the other looked perfectly healthy and smiling. And this strong visual image started the whole idea off in my mind."

The script, which De Palma co-wrote with Louisa Rose, features structural elements inspired by Hitchcock, such as killing off a prominent character early into the film, alternating points of view, and the involvement of a third party observer in solving a crime. In writing the exposition of the film which details the twins' history and institutionalization, De Palma was influenced by Roman Polanski's Rosemary's Baby (1968), specifically the scene in which Rosemary is raped and conceives her child.

Filming
Sisters was shot over a period of eight weeks in New York City in spring 1972, primarily in the borough of Staten Island. The apartment interiors were filmed on a set, with additional exterior photography of the Time-Life Building in Manhattan. The film was shot using Mitchell BNC cameras with Panavision lenses. According to De Palma, the film was lit with a "truly classical style", with scenes sometimes taking 45 minutes to set up. Some sequences were shot on 16 mm film by De Palma himself, such as the scene in which Emil speaks directly to the camera during the finale's hallucination sequence.

Visual style
The film uses unusual point of view shots and split screen effects to show two events happening simultaneously, as well as long tracking shots, some in excess of six minutes in length. The extended tracking shot in Danielle's apartment following the murder of Phillip was influenced by Max Ophüls and directly references Hitchcock's Rope. The theme of voyeurism is represented in the alternating points-of-view and distortions of perspective within the narrative diegesis; De Palma commented: "I really got the idea from watching the Vietnam war on television – watching a war that nobody really knew about except that we watched it every night on the 7 o'clock news. It was really a very voyeuristic war, and I think it says a lot about the way we perceive things. We are very much controlled by the media which present things to us. And those can be manipulated."

In order to accomplish the image of both twins conjoined onscreen in the film's finale (both played by Kidder), De Palma had Kidder photographed seated in two different positions, and then joined the images together via optical editing.

Musical score
While editing the film in post-production, editor Paul Hirsch and De Palma listened to musical scores by Bernard Herrmann (particularly for Psycho, Marnie, and Vertigo) and played them along with the film's key scenes. This led to De Palma inquiring about Herrmann composing the film's musical score. At the time Herrmann was semi-retired, but admired the screenplay enough to agree to score the film.

Release
Sisters had its world premiere at Filmex in Los Angeles, California on November 18, 1972. It was released theatrically in the United States by American International Pictures, opening in Los Angeles on April 18, 1973. It would later expand, opening in New York City on September 26, 1973, where it received "rave reviews," and continued to screen into November 9, 1973. It was also selected for the 1975 Venice Film Festival.

Contemporaneous
The film was met with critical praise; Roger Ebert noted that the film was "made more or less consciously as an homage to Alfred Hitchcock", but said it "has a life of its own" and praised the performances of both Kidder and Salt. Vincent Canby of The New York Times called it " a good, substantial horror film" and stated "De Palma reveals himself here to be a first-rate director of more or less conventional material", also noting the film's references to Repulsion (1965) and Psycho (1960). Meanwhile, Variety, while stating it was "a good psychological murder melo-drama", said that "Brian De Palma's direction emphasizes exploitation values which do not fully mask script weakness." The Los Angeles Times's Kevin Thomas praised it as a "witty homage to Hitchcock" and a "low budget but high style scare show," as well as praising the performances and musical score. George McKinnon of The Boston Globe was less laudatory, writing: "It is difficult to determine what De Palma had in mind in this morbid horror film. Did he intend it all as a parody or a straightforward Psycho-type movie? ... If it is to be taken as a tongue-in-cheek romp, it doesn't work and if meant as a horror film it is run-of-the-mill."

The film received honors from the U.S. Film Festival in Dallas, Texas on April 13, 1973. Kidder also received an award for Best Actress at the Atlanta International Film Festival.

Retrospective
Critical reassessment of the film in the 21st century has largely been favorable, with critic Robin Wood writing in 2003 that Sisters was "one of the great American films of '70s," while G. Allen Johnson of the San Francisco Chronicle considers it a key film in Kidder's career. Richard Brody wrote of the film in The New Yorker in 2016: "De Palma weaves his own obsession with movies into the dramatic fabric of Sisters by means of a scene involving a documentary about the twins that Grace views in the offices of Life magazine; this film-within-a-film becomes embedded in her unconscious mind and threatens to warp her consciousness as well. Though De Palma's own images can't rival Hitchcock's in shot-by-shot psychological power, the intricate multiple-perspective split-screen sequences of Sisters offer a dense and elaborate counterpoint that conjures a sense of psychological dislocation and information overload belonging to De Palma's own generation and times."

In 2016, Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times ranked the film as De Palma's most underrated of the 1970s, writing that "for all its low-budget creakiness, [it] feels fully formed—from its sly opening bit of misdirection to its adroit use of split-screen to its memorably churning Bernard Herrmann score. De Palma's choice of subject matter couldn't have been more appropriate: With this film he effectively conjoined himself to Hitchcock, announcing himself as a skillful mimic with a mischievous side all his own." Sisters currently has an 85% on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes from 47 reviews with the site's consensus reads, "Clever yet clearly indebted to the masters of the genre, Sisters offers an early glimpse of DePalma at his stylishly crafty peak".

Home media
Sisters was released on VHS and Betamax videocassettes by Warner Home Video in the 1980s, and again in 2000 by Homevision. The film was released on DVD by The Criterion Collection on October 3, 2000 in a new widescreen digital transfer. On July 16, 2018, Criterion announced a Blu-ray release of the film featuring a new 4K transfer scheduled for October 23, 2018.

Remake
The film was remade in 2006 under the same title, with Lou Doillon, Stephen Rea, and Chloë Sevigny in the leading roles.

title: Sisters (1972 film)


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Yanbian University

Yanbian University (YBU; ) is a public university at Yanji, Yanbian, Jilin, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Jilin, and co-funded by the provincial government and the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

History
Founded in 1949, Yanbian University was one of the earliest founded universities by CPC in the ethnic minority region. Since then, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have paid close attention to its development, and many Party and State leaders, such as Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Dong Biwu, Hu Yaobang, Jiang Zemin, Jia Qinglin, Li Lanqing and Zhang Dejiang have successively inspected the university.

It consists of 21 colleges offering 73 undergraduate specialties under 12 disciplinary branches except military science, which contains 6 first level disciplines authorized to offer doctorate degree with more than 50 doctoral programs, 24 first level disciplines authorized to offer master's degree with 149 master’s programs and 4 centers for post-doctoral studies. It has 1 key state-level disciplines and 12 key provincial-level disciplines.

The university has a faculty body of 2338, among whom there are about 1318 full-time teachers, more than 789 full professors and associate professors. It has also engaged over 300 noted domestic and overseas scholars and experts as its honorary professors, part-time professors or guest professors, one of whom is Dr. Yang Chen Ning, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.

It is the only university in China that employs Korean as an official medium of instruction in addition to Chinese.

Programs
The university offers eleven programs in economics, philosophy, law, pedagogy, literature, history, science, engineering, agriculture, medicine and management. It consists of twelve colleges, which offer 70 bachelor's degree programs, 78 master's degree programs and 22 doctoral degree programs.

Faculty
In 2004, the student body included 16,000 undergraduates, 3,000 postgraduates, 143 doctoral candidates, 700 foreign students and 4,674 adult students. Most foreign students come from South Korea, Japan, the United States and Russia. The faculty comprises 1,300 full-time teachers of whom 700 are professors and associate professors.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Yanbian University


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Misfits V&V

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 16:45, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Misfits V&V
Vanity. Somebody's description of the way they and their friends play V & V. RickK 05:38, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Roleplaying fancruft. jni 07:02, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I wish a superhero would make this vanity-filled, unencyclopedic entry disappear ASAP. Zzyzx11 07:31, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Group vanity. – flamurai (t) 17:26, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Does "V&V" stands for Vanity and Verifiable-deletability?  Barno 00:18, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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Talk:Ze

An image of this letter would be appreciated. WpZurp 05:38, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

ZE acronym?
ZE is not an acronym for anything, not even for Zionist Entity (first 100 google searches don't show anything close). If you add ZE as an acronym, please provide supporting references. --Gabi S. 14:10, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * No, of course it is not an official acronym, as the state officially is called Israel. It is however widely used, at least in the Middle East. Bertilvidet 14:12, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Supporting references, please. --Gabi S. 14:47, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Simply go to Damascus and buy a copy of Syria Times, or go to Tehran and buy a copy of Tehran Daily. Mentioning a concept here on Wikipedia does not equal endorsing it. Bertilvidet 14:55, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Uhmm... "technical" difficulties prevent me from doing it... But can you provide an online reference? Some article from the Syria Times web site, or maybe from Ahmadinejad's blog? --Gabi S. 15:08, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, it would be cool if Ahmadinejad started to blog, and also if Syria Times goes online. So far we must face the systemic bias of the internet...However, some sources in the West also use the acronym:, , , . Bertilvidet 15:56, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Hey, you missed the news on Ahmadinejad's blog . And even Syria Times is now online. In any case, no one is using ZE as an acronym. The references that you provide are quite poor - number 3 includes "ZE" as a German way of saying "The", and not as an acronym; number 1 and 4 are conversations from private people that seem to be the exception rather than the norm, and number 2 is a valid source, but a rather strange one, presenting the Manar station and then attacking it. I would prefer more reliable sources. --Gabi S. 16:39, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I stand corrected concerning the use of ICT among the regimes in Iran and Syria and ze German language. Also the acronym might not be so widely used as I initially assumed. However, it is still used and thus I insist that it should be mentioned on this disamb page. Bertilvidet 07:50, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * In a google search, it appears that ZE is commonly used when Zionist Entity was previously used and the author doesn't want to type it again. --Kainaw (talk) 20:08, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

 * That google search actually shows very few hits for it being used that way. Any from reliable sources? Jayjg (talk) 20:11, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I didn't claim that there were millions of hits or that any sites were credible. I only claimed that those who use ZE as an acronym commonly use it after using the entire phrase Zionist Entity.  If you want to get into who is using it.  They look like Jewish (possibly Israeli) blogs because the use of Zionest Entity is in phrases like, "The ignorant terrorist say they want to blow the ZE off the face of the planet."  It sounds to me like they are using it as an inflamatory word to negate opposing views.  But, that is just my opinion on reading a handful of hits.  If I cared to read a few hundred, I may have a different opinion on how it is being used. --Kainaw (talk) 18:01, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

Should ZE be included as an acronym here?
I would like to open a discussion on whether an acronym ZE for Zionist Entity should be included here or not.

Please add your opinion below:

Yes, include it

 * It is sometimes used in English articles written by Syrian and Iranian people. (Those who claim it should provide reliable sources as references.)

It should not be included

 * It is very rarely used, and is not a common acronym.
 * Here are extensive lists of acronyms that indeed do not include this term:.

 * Removed. --Gabi S. 06:48, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

You might personally dislike the term. But this is utterly irrelevant. As shown above the acronym is used, despite not being extremely widespread in the West. Do you suggest that Wikipedia limits its content to what is at thefreedictionary.com and its mirror sites. If this is the case you have lots of entries to delete! Bertilvidet 14:29, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

 * It's not that I dislike it as you do seem to be in love with it. Since it is extremely rarely used, your acts of putting it back again and again are POV pushing and you must stop. --Gabi S. 16:16, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

 * What a miserable life one must have if in love with an acronym! Luckily my life is not that bad. Including a term on Wikipedia is not endorsing it, and thus far from POV pushing. Bertilvidet 16:27, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ze


text: User talk:68.50.83.59

title: User talk:68.50.83.59


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Louis-Sébastien Mercier

Louis-Sébastien Mercier (6 June 1740 – 25 April 1814) was a French dramatist and writer, whose 1771 novel L'An 2440 is an example of proto-science fiction.

Early life and education
He was born in Paris to a humble family: his father was a skilled artisan who polished swords and metal arms. Mercier nevertheless received a decent education.

Literary career
Mercier began his literary career by writing heroic epistles. Early on, he came to the conclusion that Boileau and Racine had ruined the French language and that the true poet wrote in prose.

He wrote plays, pamphlets, and novels, and published prodigiously. Mercier often recycled passages from one work to another and expanded on essays he had already written. Mercier's keen observations on his surroundings and the journalistic feel of his writing meant that his work remained riveting despite the nature of its composition. "There is no better writer to consult," Robert Darnton writes, "if one wants to get some idea of how Paris looked, sounded, smelled, and felt on the eve of the Revolution."

The most important of his miscellaneous works are L'An 2440, rêve s'il en fut jamais (1771), L'Essai sur l'art dramatique (1773), Néologie ou Vocabulaire (1801), Le Tableau de Paris (1781–1788), Le nouveau Paris (1799), Histoire de France (1802) and Satire contre Racine et Boileau (1808).

He decried French tragedy as a caricature of antique and foreign customs in bombastic verse and advocated the drame as understood by Diderot. To the philosophers of his century, he became entirely hostile. He denied that modern science had made any real advances; in a jesting passage, he even carried his conservatism so far as to maintain that the earth was a circular flat plane around which revolved the sun.

Mercier wrote some sixty dramas, among which may be mentioned Jean Hennuyer (1772), La Destruction de la ligue (1782), Jennval (1769), Le Juge (1774), Natalie (1775) and La Brouette du vinaigrier (1775).

L'An 2440 (The Year 2440)
Mercier's L'An 2440, rêve s'il en fut jamais (literally, "The Year 2440: A Dream If Ever There Was One"; translated into English as Memoirs of the Year Two Thousand Five Hundred [sic]; and into German as Das Jahr zwey tausend vier hundert und vierzig: Ein Traum aller Träume) is a utopian novel set in the year 2440. This extremely popular work (it went through twenty-five editions after its first appearance in 1771) describes the adventures of an unnamed man, who, after engaging in a heated discussion with a philosopher friend about the injustices of Paris, falls asleep and finds himself in a Paris of the future. Darnton writes that "despite its self-proclaimed character of fantasy...L'An 2440 demanded to be read as a serious guidebook to the future. It offered an astonishing new perspective: the future as a fait accompli and the present as a distant past. Who could resist the temptation to participate in such a thought experiment? And once engaged in it, who could fail to see that it exposed the rottenness of the society before his eyes, the Paris of the eighteenth century?"

Political views
In politics he was a moderate, and, as a member of the National Convention, he voted against the death penalty for Louis XVI. During the Reign of Terror, he was imprisoned, but he was released after the fall of Robespierre, whom he termed a "Sanguinocrat" (roughly, ruler by bloodshed).

Works

 * 1760: Hécube à Pyrrhus, héroïde, s.l.
 * 1762: Hypermnestre à Lyncée, héroïde, s.l.
 * 1762: Canacée à Macarée et Hypermnestre à Lyncée, héroïdes nouvelles par l’auteur d’Hécube, s.l.
 * 1762: Philoctète à Péan, son père, héroïde, s.l.
 * 1763: Crizéas et Zelmine, poème, s.l.
 * 1763: Épître d’Héloïse à Abailard, imitation nouvelle de Pope, London
 * 1763: Médée à Jason, après le meurtre de ses enfants, héroïde, suivi d’un morceau tiré de Dante, s.l.
 * 1763: Sénèque mourant à Néron, héroïde, s.l.
 * 1763: Le Bonheur des gens de lettres, discours, Bordeaux
 * 1764: Discours sur la lecture, Paris
 * 1764: Saint-Preux à Wolmar après la mort de Julie, ou dernière lettre du roman de la Nouvelle Héloïse, Paris
 * 1764: La Boucle de cheveux enlevée, poème héroï-comique de Pope, trad., Amsterdam
 * 1764: Héroïdes et autres pièces de poésie, Paris
 * 1765: Calas sur l’échafaud à ses juges, poème, s.l.
 * 1765: Éloge de René Descartes, Genève et Paris, Chez la Vve Pierres
 * 1766: Voyage de Robertson, aux terres australes Translation
 * 1766: Le Génie, poème, London and Paris
 * 1766: Discours sur les malheurs de la guerre et les avantages de la paix, The Hague
 * 1766: Histoire d’Izerben, poète arabe, trad. de l’arabe, Amsterdam and Paris, Cellot
 * 1767: Éloge de Charles V, roi de France surnommé Le sage, Amsterdam
 * 1767: Les Amours de Chérale, poème en six chants, suivi du bon génie, Amsterdam
 * 1767: Lettre de Dulis à son ami, London and Paris, Vve Duchesne
 * 1767: L’Homme sauvage, histoire trad. de Pfeil, Amsterdam
 * 1767: La Sympathie, histoire morale, Amsterdam
 * 1767: Virginie, tragédie en cinq actes, Paris, Vve Duchesne
 * 1768: Que notre Âme peut se suffire à elle-même, épître philosophique qui a concouru pour le prix de l’Académie française, in 1768, London
 * 1768: Contes moraux, ou les Hommes comme il y en a peu, Paris, Panckoucke
 * 1768: Songes philosophiques, London and Paris, Lejay
 * 1768: Zambeddin, histoire orientale, Amsterdam and Paris, Delalain
 * 1768: Fragments d’un éloge de Henri IV, roi de France, Paris
 * 1769: Les Cerises, conte en vers, Paris, Lejay
 * 1769: Jenneval ou le Barnevelt français, five-act drama in prose'', Paris
 * 1770: Le Déserteur, drame en cinq actes et en prose, Paris, Lejay
 * 1770: Songes d’un ermite, à l’Hermitage de Saint-Amour, Paris, Hardy
 * 1770: Olinde et Sophronie, drame héroïque en cinq actes et en prose, Paris, Lejay
 * 1771: L'An 2440, rêve s'il en fut jamais, Amsterdam, Van-Harrevelt
 * 1772: Le Faux Ami, drame en trois actes en prose, Paris, Lejay
 * 1772: drame en quatre actes en prose'', Paris, Lejay
 * 1772: Jean Hennuyer, évêque de Lisieux, three-act drama, London
 * 1773: Du théâtre ou Nouvel essai sur l’art dramatique, Amsterdam, E. van Harrevelt
 * 1774: Childéric, premier roi de France, drame héroïque en trois actes, en prose, London and Paris, Ruault
 * 1774: Le Juge, drame en trois actes, in prose, London and Paris, Ruault
 * 1775: La Brouette du vinaigrier, three-act drama, London and Paris
 * 1775: Nathalie, drame en quatre actes, London and Paris, Ruault
 * 1775: Premier mémoire par le Sieur Mercier contre la troupe des Comédiens français, Paris, Vve Herissant
 * 1775: Mémoire à consulter et consultation par le Sieur Mercier contre la troupe des comédiens ordinaires du Roi, Paris, Clousier
 * 1776: Molière, five-act drama in prose, imitated from de Goldoni, Amsterdam and Paris
 * 1776: Éloges et discours académiques qui ont concouru pour les prix de l’Académie française et de plusieurs autres académies, par l’auteur de l’ouvrage intitulé l’an deux mille quatre cent quarante, Amsterdam
 * 1776: Jezzenemours, roman dramatique, Amsterdam
 * 1776: Les Hommes comme il y en a peu et les Génies comme il n’y en a point, contes moraux orientaux, persans, arabes, turcs, anglais, français, etc., les uns pour rire, les autres à dormir debout, Nouv. éd. Bouillon, impr. de la Soc. Typographique, Neuchâtel
 * 1776: Éloges et discours philosophiques, Paris
 * 1777: Comédiens, ou le Foyer, comédie en un acte et en prose'', Paris, Successeurs de la Vve Duchesne
 * 1778: Jezennemours, roman dramatique Tome premier; Tome second
 * 1778: De la Littérature et des littérateurs suivi d’un Nouvel examen de la tragédie française, Yverdon
 * 1778-1784: Theatre complet de M. Mercier. Tome premier; Tome second; Tome troisieme; Tome quatrieme, Amsterdam
 * 1778: Le déserteur, drame en cinq actes en prose
 * 1778: La Vertu chancelante, ou la Vie de Mlle d’Amincourt, Liège and Paris
 * 1779: Le Campagnard, ou le Riche désabusé, drame en deux actes et en prose, The Hague
 * 1780: Le Charlatan, ou le docteur Sacroton, comédie-parade en un acte, en prose, The Hague and Paris, Vve Ballard et fils
 * 1780: La Demande imprévue, three-act comedy, Paris, Vve Ballard et Vve Duchesne
 * 1781: Tableau de Paris. Tome premier; Tome second, Hambourg et Neuchâtel, S. Fauche
 * 1781: L’Homme de ma connaissance, two-act comedy in prose'', Amsterdam and Paris, Vve Ballard et fils
 * 1781: Le Gentillâtre, three-act comedy in prose'', Amsterdam and Paris
 * 1781: Le Philosophe du Port-au-Bled, s.l.
 * 1782: Zoé, drame en trois actes, Neuchâtel, Impr. de la Société typographique
 * 1782: Les Tombeaux de Vérone, drame en cinq actes, Neuchâtel, Impr. de la Société typographique
 * 1782: La Destruction de la Ligue, ou la réduction de Paris, pièce nationale en quatre actes, Amsterdam and Paris)
 * 1782: L’Habitant de la Guadeloupe, four-act comedy, Neuchâtel, Impr. de la Société typographique
 * 1783: Portraits des rois de France. Tome premier; Tome second; Tome III; Tome quatrieme (1783), Neuchâtel, Impr. de la Société typographique
 * 1783: La Mort de Louis XI, roi de France, pièce historique, Neuchâtel
 * 1784: ''Montesquieu à Marseille, Lausanne, J.-P. Heubach et Paris, Poinçot
 * 1784: Mon Bonnet de nuit, Neuchâtel, Impr. de la Société typographique
 * 1784: Charles II, roi d’Angleterre, en certain lieu, comédie très morale en cinq actes très courts, par un disciple de Pythagore, Venise [i.e. Paris]
 * 1784: Les Hospices, s.l.
 * 1785: L’Observateur de Paris et du royaume, ou Mémoires historiques et politiques, London
 * 1785: Portrait de Philippe II, roi d’Espagne, Amsterdam
 * 1785: Histoire d’une jeune Luthérienne, Neuchâtel, Impr. Jérémie Vitel
 * 1786: L'An 2440, rêve s'il en fut jamais, 2e éd. suivi de l’Homme de fer, songe, Amsterdam
 * 1786: Les Entretiens du Palais-Royal de Paris, Paris, Buisson
 * 1787: Notions claires sur les gouvernemens. Tome premier; Tome II, Amsterdam
 * 1788: Songes et visions philosophiques, Amsterdam and Paris
 * 1788: Tableau de Paris, nouv. éd. corrigée et augmentée, Amsterdam
 * 1788: Les Entretiens du jardin des Tuileries de Paris, Paris, Buisson
 * 1788: La Maison de Molière, five-act comedy in prose'', Paris, Guillot
 * 1789: Lettre au Roi, contenant unprojet pour liquider en peu d’années toutes les dettes de l’État soulageant le peuple du fardeau des impositions, Amsterdam et Paris, chez les Marchands de nouveautés
 * 1789: Adieux à l’année, s.l.n.d.
 * 1790: Le Nouveau Doyen de Killerine, three-act comedy in prose, Paris
 * 1790: Réflexions très importantes sur les nouvelles élections des municipalités, s.l.
 * 1791: De Jean-Jacques Rousseau considéré comme l’un des premiers auteurs de la Révolution, Paris, Buisson
 * 1791: Le ci-devant noble; comédie en trois actes, en prose
 * 1791: Adresse de l’agriculture à MM. de l’Assemblée nationale régénératrice de l’Empire français, Paris, C.-F. Perlet
 * 1792: Fragments de politique et d’histoire, Paris, Buisson
 * 1792: Fictions morales, Paris, Impr. du Cercle social
 * 1792: Le Vieillard et ses trois filles, three-act play in prose, Paris, Cercle social
 * 1792: Le Ci-Devant noble, three-act comedy, Paris, Impr. du Cercle social
 * 1792: Réflexions d’un patriote : Ier sur les assignats; IIe sur les craintes d’une banqueroute nationale; IIIe sur les causes de la baisse des changes étrangers; IVe sur l’organisation de la garde nationale; Ve sur les finances et impositions; VIe sur les assemblées primaires; VIIe sur les droits de patentes avec une Adresse aux Français, Paris, Impr. H.-J. Janse
 * 1792: Les Crimes de Philippe II, roi d’Espagne, drame historique, s.l.
 * 1793: Isotisme ou le Bon Génie, poème en prose suivi de la Sympathie, histoire morale, Paris
 * 1793: Opinion de Louis Sébastien Mercier sur Louis Capet, Paris, Impr. de Restif
 * 1793: Philédon et Prothumie, poème érotique suivi de fragments des Amours de Chérale, Paris
 * 1794: Timon d’Athènes en cinq actes, en prose, imitation de Shakespeare, Paris, Impr. T. Gérard
 * 1794: Fénelon dans son diocèse, pièce dramatique en trois actes et en prose, Paris, marchands de nouveautés
 * 1796: Discours de L.-S. Mercier prononcé le 18 floréal sur René Descartes, Paris, Impr. Nationale
 * 1796: Rapport fait au nom d’une commission spéciale sur l’enseignement des langues vivantes, Paris, Impr. Nationale
 * 1796: Second Rapport fait au nom d’une commission spéciale sur l’enseignement des langues vivantes, Paris, Impr. Nationale
 * 1796: Rapport et projet de résolution au nom d’une commission, sur la pétition des peintres, sculpteurs, graveurs, architectes, relativement au droit de patente, Paris, Impr. Nationale
 * 1796: Motion d’ordre et discours sur le rétablissement d’une loterie nationale, Paris, Impr. Nationale
 * 1796: Opinion de L.-S. Mercier sur les sépultures privées, Paris, Impr. Bertrand-Quinquet
 * 1797: Hortense et d'Artamon, comédie en deux actes, et en prose, Paris, Cercle social
 * 1797: Le libérateur, comédie en deux actes, et en prose, Paris, Cercle social
 * 1797: Opinion de L.-S. Mercier sur le message du Directoire, converti en motion, tendant à astreindre les électeurs au serment décrété pour les fonctionnaires publics, Paris, Impr. Bertrand-Quinquet
 * 1798: Mon dictionnaire, s.l.n.d.
 * 1798: Mon bonnet de nuit. Tome premiere; Tome seconde (1798)
 * 1798: L’An deux mille quatre cent quarante, rêve s’il en fût jamais, suivi de L’homme de fer, songe. Tome premier; Tome second; Tome troisième, Paris, Bresson et Casteret, Dugour et Durand. Nouvelle édition
 * 1800: Le Nouveau Paris. Tome premier; Tome second; Tome troisième; Tome quatrième; Tome cinquième; Tome sixième, Brunswick: Chez les principaux librairies
 * 1801: Néologie ou vocabulaire de mots nouveaux. Tome premier; Tome second (1801), Paris, Moussard. Nouvelle édition établie, présented and annotated by Jean-Claude Bonnet, Belin, 2009.
 * 1802: Histoire de France, depuis Clovis jusqu’au règne de Louis XVI. Tome I; Tome III; Tome IV; Tome V; Tome VI, Paris, chez Cérioux et Lepetit jeune
 * 1803: Satyres contre les astronomes, Paris, Terrelonge
 * 1804: Charité, Versailles, Ph.-D. Pierres, Paris, Bossange, Masson & Besson
 * 1806: De l’impossibilité du système astronomique de Copernic et de Newton, Paris, Dentu
 * 1806 L’Apollon pythique, ou des Arts matériellement imitatifs, Paris
 * 1808: Satyres contre Racine et Boileau, Paris, Hénée
 * 1809: La Maison de Socrate le sage, five-act comedy, prose, Paris, Duminil-Lesueur Read on line

title: Louis-Sébastien Mercier


text:
Bhotia

Bhotia or Bhotiya may refer to:

 * Bhotia people, a generic term for people of the Himalayas
 * Bhotia language, a reference to any of the languages spoken by Bhotia people
 * Bhotia dog, a breed of livestock guardian dog also known as the Himalayan sheepdog

title: Bhotia


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brendon O'Rourke

Brendon O'Rourke
Vanity/vandalism.

 * Delete. IMHO even a speedy deletion. andy 10:31, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * ...which I have just speedily deleted. -- Francs2000 | Talk 11:30, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Eisenh0wer

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Spinboy 05:47, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Eisenh0wer


text:
User talk:Tarison

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Spinboy 05:47, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Tarison


text:
Daegu International Airport

Daegu International Airport is an international airport serving the city of Daegu and the surrounding area in southeastern South Korea. The airport is also a military base for the ROKAF's 11th Fighter Wing, whose three squadrons fly the F-15K.

Overview
The airport chiefly serves domestic routes with a small number of international flights. Despite the growth of the nearby city of Daegu, passenger numbers at Daegu International Airport have been steadily declining since 2004, the year when KTX highspeed rail reached the city. The 2013 number of about 1.1 million passengers is around half of pre-2003 figures. Since 2014, passenger numbers have increased sharply due to the expansion of low-cost carriers. Because Daegu Airport is shared with the military, taking photographs or video of the apron, the runway or the military facility is strictly prohibited.

History
Daegu International Airport was originally established under Japanese rule as Taegu Airfield on 31 January 1937.

Korean War
At the outbreak of the Korean War, the airfield consisted of a dirt and gravel runway and two concrete buildings. The airfield was designated by the USAF as K-2.

The airfield was used as part of the Bout One project, an emergency program to train Republic of Korea Air Force pilots to fly the F-51 Mustang. The Bout One planes provided close air support to the U.S. 24th Infantry Division through July 1950. On 10 July 1950, the Bout One force was re-designated as the 51st Fighter Squadron, and was merged into the 12th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 4 August.

The existing dirt and gravel runway was improved by the 822nd Engineer Aviation Battalion beginning on 18 July, and the Battalion subsequently began preparations for a parallel 5000 foot PSP (perforated steel planks) runway on 7 August.

USAF units based at Taegu from July–August 1950 included:
 * 18th Fighter-Bomber Group, from July–August 1950, subordinate units included:
 * 12th Fighter-Bomber Squadron operating F-51 from 15 July 1950
 * 51st Fighter Squadron (Provisional) from 10 July–August 4, 1950
 * 6002nd Air Base Squadron from July–8 August 1950
 * 6147th Tactical Control Squadron (Airborne) operating T-6 Mosquitos from 1 August–September 6, 1950
 * 6149th Air Base Unit from August 1950

Taegu Airfield was abandoned following the North Korean attack on Taegu in mid-August 1950, but USAF units began reoccupying the base by 23 September 1950. The 822nd Battalion had returned to Taegu on 17 September and soon resurfaced the original dirt and gravel runway with PSP and extended its length to 5700 ft.

USAF units based at Taegu from September 1950 included:
 * 49th Fighter-Bomber Group operating F-80s from 1 October 1950. This was the first jet unit to be based in Korea. Subordinate units included:
 * 7th Fighter-Bomber Squadron from 28 September
 * 8th Fighter-Bomber Squadron from 29 September
 * 9th Fighter-Bomber Squadron from 29 September
 * 543rd Tactical Support Group from 26 September, subordinate units included:
 * 8th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Photo-Jet operating RF-80s from 2 October
 * 162nd Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Night Photo from 8 October
 * 363rd Reconnaissance Technical Squadron from 4 October

In May 1951, the 930th Engineer Aviation Group began repair work on the PSP runway and commenced construction of a 9000 ft concrete runway.

Passenger facilities
Daegu Airport consists of 2 separate terminals: Domestic Terminal and International Terminal. The relatively small passenger terminal (International Terminal) boasts a comfortable environment through its adoption of traditional design elements symbolizing Ouga (The song of five friends: water, rock, pine, bamboo, and moon; by Yun Son-Do), and its crane-like structure. The parking lot can accommodate about 1,097 cars and has a fully automated parking system; it is open from 6 am to 10 pm.

Airlines and destinations
Korean Air's service between Daegu and Incheon is available only to passengers flying internationally to/from South Korea with Korean Air

Access
The airport is 1.34 km from Ayanggyo Station (Daegu Subway Line 1) and can be reached by bus or taxi.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 26 May 2023, a male passenger opened the door of an Asiana Airbus A321 just a few minutes before landing. The plane made a safe landing, however a number of people had injuries. The man was arrested by authorities.

title: Daegu International Airport


text:
Talk:Southern Ontario

Untitled
I have found some difficulties in discovering some of the routes for the underground railroad. One of the questions that I have are where did the various lines of escape end. I know of several in the United States but very few in Canada and yet we know that many escaped slaves came to Canada to find their freedom. I know of one such area in in a small community called Canfield. As a matter of fact not only was this part of the underground railroad but many of these ex-slaves settled not far from there. There later grew a small settlement of these escaped slaves on what became unofficially known as the "Darkie Side Road" this was not a slur against anyone but rather intended for reference alone. This information came from word of mouth and I am in the process of attempting to confirm some of this.

By A. Gowling

In the small town I grew up in (Dunnville) Highway 56 was generally regarded as "The Darkie Side Road" I distinctly remember my father, in the 1950's pointing out a group of houses (maybe deserted I don't know) on the left hand side driving north. I was probably pretty young, but my recollection was that this settlement was closer to the junction of Highway 20. I suppose it could have been Canfield, but it is on Highway 3 and I have often heard Dunnville residents call 56 the Darkie Side Road. Tom Williams

Northern Ontario
I've tagged as problematic the statement that the dividing line between Southern and Northern Ontario was traditionally "counties vs. districts".

At least officially, the dividing line between the two regions has always been the line created by Georgian Bay, the French River and Lake Nipissing, while Parry Sound and Muskoka were essentially a transitional region that had aspects of both the south and the north — but although they were certainly more "northern" politically and culturally (Parry Sound more so, Muskoka less), they were (and still are) both geographically in the south. For instance, nobody would ever say that Gravenhurst or Huntsville or Bracebridge was in Northern Ontario — but the moment you step up to the region which all three of those towns are part of, then suddenly people do sometimes say Northern. There's a certain illogic to that.

Furthermore, Muskoka is not a "district" in the sense meant by any other division in Ontario that has the word district in its name, as it is legally a regional municipality and does have an upper-tier government. So calling Muskoka "northern" on the basis of a division between incorporated and unincorporated census divisions simply doesn't wash, because if that's the criterion then Muskoka doesn't even meet it. Bearcat (talk) 01:29, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Personally, I've always considered Highway 17 between Sudbury and North Bay to be the border, and I've NEVER heard anybody refer to anything south of it as being in Northern Ontario. I'm not sure who put Parry Sound and Muskoka (which are District Municipalities) into the definition of Northern Ontario. -  ʄɭoʏɗiaɲ  τ ¢  03:23, 26 November 2009 (UTC)
 * This isn't quite correct, for the record; Parry Sound is just a district, which has no regional tier of municipal government at all, and while Muskoka has the word "district" in its name, its actual legal status is that of a regional municipality just like York or Peel or Durham. "District municipality" isn't a separate class of thing; it's just a weird Muskoka-specific naming holdover which isn't intended to imply that it actually has any sort of sui generis status in law.
 * The border certainly falls near Highway 17, but I really don't think you've ever heard anybody say that Noëlville or Killarney, which are both south of the highway but north of the French River, were in the south. But you are right that there's no official boundary line defined in any legal sense.
 * For what it's worth, the primary reason that this back-and-forth exists over Muskoka and Parry Sound is that FedNor includes both of them in its service area, while the Northern Ontario Heritage Fund includes Parry Sound but not Muskoka. I also think a lot of people don't get that Muskoka is actually a real regional municipality and not a district in the northern no-second-tier sense.
 * And for what it's worth, I've actually seen people argue (on here, no less!) that "Northern Ontario" meant anything north of Barrie, which is a rather "you just got off the plane from Caracas an hour ago, didn't you?" thing to say no matter how you slice it. But then again, Bob McAdorey used to give weather forecasts on Global that involved Sudbury being included in Central Ontario, but Capreol in Northern. I never actually did figure out where you'd have to draw the dividing line for that to work. Bearcat (talk) 02:42, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

The issue is that there is no official demarcation line between northern and southern Ontario; or at least if there is, it hasn't been found and cited in our article. The best I think we can do in the article is present known alternative opinions. I tend to think that the line described by Bearcat (ie, French River, Lake Nipissing, and presumably the Mattawa River to the Ottawa River) is as good a "natural" demarcation line as any, but of course one could use highways or political boundaries as alternatives.  PK T (alk)  17:25, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Found one: http://www.eco.on.ca/eng/index.php/pubs/eco-publications/challenges-to-sustainability-in-northern-ontario.php
 * Traditionally defined by a line drawn from the Mattawa River across Lake Nipissing to the French River, the southern boundary of Northern Ontario now includes the Muskoka Lakes area.
 * The fact that it says "area" instead of "district" or "region" raises my curiosity. What part of Muskoka? Either way, here is a source that gives absolute boundaries for the "traditional" line. -  ʄɭoʏɗiaɲ  τ ¢  18:35, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

Muskoka and Parry Sound are/were districts not Counties .... Muskoka has recently become a regional municipality. That in no way means that suddenly it becomes part of Southern Ontario. It was a full out district until recently. I agree that the "border" between North and South is disputable, which is the case with any non-definite boundary. I suggest we leave it the way it is, having Muskoka and Parry Sound as transition district/municipality belonging to both North and South. 209.183.149.174 (talk) 15:30, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

 * No, they always were part of the South. I have no idea who began the idea that Muskoka was in the north, but it is unheard of. Here is another source: http://www.canoe.ca/AllAboutCanoes/book_french.html which indicates the French River, Lake Nipissing, and the Mattawa River. I've made appropriate changes, with the source. The map in the infobox needs to be updated likewise. -  ʄɭoʏɗiaɲ  τ ¢  16:26, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree that Muskoka and Parry Sound should remain as neutral areas, both part of the North and South. As mentioned the boundary has historically been the division between Districts and Counties. Muskoka has changed from a District, this doesn't change history. Muskoka may not be considered "Northern Ontario", but it's certainly not considered "Southern Ontario" either. References can be found arguing both ways so they're irrelevant. The key map and facts should stay the way they are. PhilthyBear (talk) 17:23, 2 December 2009 (UTC)
 * The boundary has historically been the French River. Not because that's what I say, but because that's what all the sources say. Do you have an actual reliable source that indicates otherwise? And Muskoka became a regional municipality in 1971 — which might be "recent" within the scope of Ontario's entire history, I suppose, but doesn't even approach being "recent" in the sense that our friend 209 meant it. Bearcat (talk) 17:32, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

Here is a Government source showing Muskoka in Northern Ontario, with mapping to prove it. http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/maps/ontario-north.aspx 209.183.149.174 (talk) 17:44, 2 December 2009 (UTC)
 * A source that's talking about 1927? With maps that don't show anything further south than the bottom of Manitoulin Island? Bearcat (talk) 17:48, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

Agreed the maps are of poor quality, but the reference clearly shows proof. Title = Districts of NORTHERN Ontario ... Listed under said Title = Muskoka and Parry Sound. Southern Ontario was once all "Counties". Muskoka was never a county. It was a District like the rest of the North. 209.183.149.174 (talk) 18:03, 2 December 2009 (UTC)
 * You're the one who said that the maps "proved" your point, not me. Bearcat (talk) 18:14, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

 * To use a source from 1927 to describe the current situation is absurd. If we are to use this to say historically that Muskoka and Parry Sound were part of Northern Ontario, then we must describe that this was at a point in time before our current transportation network, and that the "north" of Ontario was much more southern than today (Most were made in the 1880's before Patricia became part of Ontario. Besides, Ontario was extensively restructured in 1974 and 1975.

 * Not to mention several more sources that make clearer distinctions as to what is north and south:
 * http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/429340/Ontario (Britannica Online) - "Northern Ontario, as usually defined, lies north of a line drawn from the confluence of the Mattawa and Ottawa rivers (at the Quebec border, east of Lake Nipissing) southwest to the mouth of the French River, on Georgian Bay."
 * http://www.chrs.ca/Rivers/Mattawa/Mattawa-F_e.htm (Canadian Rivers Heritage Site) - "The designated section of the Mattawa (river) lies between North Bay (pop. 52,000) and Mattawa (pop. 2,686) along the imaginary line dividing northern and southern Ontario." -  ʄɭoʏɗiaɲ  τ ¢  19:26, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

And another fascinating discovery: Haliburton wasn't a county in 1927, either — and didn't become one until 12 years after Muskoka became a regional municipality. Which means that if the definition were based on the recentism that our numbered friend demands, Haliburton wouldn't belong on the list either. But that didn't seem to exclude it from being listed as part of Southern Ontario. Why izzat, d'you suppose? Bearcat (talk) 07:17, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Haliburton was the "Provisional County of Haliburton" since 1874 when three townships from then "Victoria County" (now Kawartha Lakes) broke off and became Haliburton County. PhilthyBear (talk) 14:26, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I believe the same thing was done with Muskoka, because Victoria County originally contained many of its townships. -  ʄɭoʏɗiaɲ  τ ¢  17:24, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * The only difference between a county and a district is the presence or lack of a county/district level of local government. So a "provisional county" (i.e. a division that's expected to eventually become a county, but doesn't yet have a county level of government because it doesn't yet have the population or the infrastructure to support one) really can't be distinguished from a district in any genuinely meaningful — or even remotely sourced — way, unless you reify the words themselves. Bearcat (talk) 19:00, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

Tourism
I added the two citation needed tags to the tourism section because it contradicts this which does have citations. Maybe Toronto/Silver Horseshoe cheerleaders can not only provide citations, but also fix the chart. Isn't it just obvious that more international visitors go to Toronto than Rome? I just hope this isn't a deliberate snub against Canada. --Antigrandiose (talk) 07:31, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

Also, and I hope my math is right, but 21% of the Canadian population that lives outside of Ottawa visits this city every year? --Antigrandiose (talk) 01:56, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

I think that the Ontario Science Centre should be added as tourist attractions of Southern Ontario. Comments? Nutster (talk) 01:00, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

Eastern Ontario
I live in Eastern Ontario, which I have never considered part of Southern Ontario. The first external link of the article, to Southern Ontario Tourism, shows a map that does not include Eastern Ontario. I suspect that most people, when they say "Southern Ontario", are thinking of the area covered by the tourism link, and maybe a little more to the east, but not Eastern Ontario. Should the article not mention this as an alternative (and, I suspect, much more common) definition of Southern Ontario? Sagifer (talk) 13:41, 12 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I am familiar with the website you're speaking of. It is of very poor quality and should be called "Southwestern Ontario Tourism" as it doesn't show much outside of SW Ontario. Aside from that, Ontario only has two regions, north and south. Eastern, Central, and SW Ontario are only subregions. You wouldn't hear many locals in those subregions speaking of their areas as just "Southern Ontario" because of it's vast size (larger than most US states). It's far easier and common to speak of their specific subregions. The provincial government, federal government, as well as government departments like Ontario Parks include all subregions in southern Ontario. I agree with you that people in Ottawa, Toronto, Kingston, Barrie, don't often think about themselves as in "Southern Ontario" due to the more common subregion usage. But they all are. UrbanNerd (talk) 02:01, 13 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Indeed. The legal demarcation line is the French and Mattawa rivers. There is no formal boundary between Eastern, south-central and southwestern Ontario in the same way. -  ʄɭoʏɗiaɲ  τ ¢  04:55, 13 June 2010 (UTC)

 * OK...but the article isn't specifically about the Ontario Government's definition of Southern Ontario, is it? That there isn't even a mention of this point of controversy in the article is highly suspect, especially as this article (as well as dozens of other ones pertaining to Ontario) seems scrupulously stage-managed by Ontario Liberal political operatives. Nobody in any part of the legally-defined "Southern Ontario" considers points east of, oh, Napanee to be a part thereof. Furthermore, there are different government definitions for different legislative purposes (e.g. for Drive Clean testing, Renfrew County is not considered part of Southern Ontario; there are similar caveats with regard to MNR hunting and fishing zones). 184.145.42.19 (talk) 17:36, 7 February 2017 (UTC)

"white sand" in bold??
Does anybody know why the term "white sand" in the Climate section is in bold? Sxg169 (talk) 16:56, 8 July 2014 (UTC)

Political status
So far as I can tell, "Southern Ontario" has no legal status. Thus I don't see why the "s" is capitalized, other than that it happens to come at the start of a sentence.

I know traditionally "Northern Ontario" has the 'N' in capital. Still, the article seems to imply some legal status that I don't think exists. It is simply a territorial description, that is contested, see e.g. other person's comment on eastern vs southern Ontario. NWG123 (talk) 16:20, 19 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Capitalization doesn't automatically imply political or legal status per se. Geographic regions with no political or legal status, such as Batiscanie or Southern Manitoba, are routinely capitalized because regardless of political or legal status it is still the proper name of a specific and defined region. Bearcat (talk) 16:26, 19 September 2016 (UTC)

 * I was thinking just the same as . (There's a lot of deceased-equine flagellation coming up.) I notice also that here calls it "a specific and defined region", much as they said above (01:29, 26 November 2009):
 * At least officially, the dividing line between the two regions has always been the line created by Georgian Bay...

 * But they also admit a little further down that
 * you are right that there's no official boundary line defined in any legal sense.

 * Again, quotes a source, apparently in reply to 's "there is no official demarcation line", as saying
 * Traditionally defined by a line drawn from the Mattawa River across Lake Nipissing to the French River, the southern boundary of Northern Ontario now includes the Muskoka Lakes area.

 * And says
 * The boundary has historically been the French River. Not because that's what I say, but because that's what all the sources say.

 * But of course, neither "traditional" and "historical" means or makes something official. And then, again, says (bottom of section, 04:55, 13 June 2010 (UTC))
 * The legal demarcation line is the French and Mattawa rivers.

 * But from all that we've seen here, there is no legal/official definition, despite some claims to the contrary.

 * Why am I beating this dead horse? Because at the top of the infobox is

 * and the first sentence of the text is (underlines added)
 * Southern Ontario is a of the province of Ontario, Canada,  being Northern Ontario.

 * Those two certainly imply that there's something official and legal about those names and definition(s). I mean, gee, if "county" ("County"?) and "district" and maybe "municipal district" are official divisions, why not "primary region"? But in fact it is not, nor is region as used here. Maybe that's obvious to Canucks, including any in this long-drawn-out discussion, but to this lifelong USAian and probably almost all non-Canadians, it sure isn't.
 * So I propose
 * in the infobox, moving "Southern Ontario" from the "official_name" field to the "nickname" field, leaving "official_name" blank because there isn't any
 * editing the lede paragraph to make it clear that the status of Southern and Northern Ontario as "regions" or "primary regions" is a matter of tradition and common usage and has no official status in government or law. Compare the beginning of Southern United States.
 * Also doing the same for Northern Ontario and any other pages about regions of Canada that foster this mistaken impression. Fellow Wikipedians, what say you? --Thnidu (talk) 20:32, 17 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Firstly, an infobox cannot not have an "official name" in it. Secondly, there are important and relevant and defining political and administrative differences between Southern Ontario and Northern Ontario; for example, SO is divided into counties and regional municipalities which are actually governed as municipal entities, while NO has no "upper tier" of local government between the towns or cities and the provinces. Any service that would be provided in the south by the county or regional municipality instead of by an individual town or city on its own, in the north is provided directly by the provincial government: an entire network of provincially maintained "secondary highways" instead of "county roads". District service offices, which are departments of the provincial government, to administer government services that would be handled by a county or regional municipality in the south. And on and so forth. There are actually real, identifiable differences in the basic nature of government administration between the two regions, which is what makes them "primary" regions — there are actual distinctions between the two areas that actually exist. Bearcat (talk) 17:52, 7 February 2017 (UTC)

Area of Southern Ontario
Where does the area measurement of Southern Ontario come from? There doesn't appear to be a source. The article shows an area of 139,931 km2 for the total area, including 126,819 km2 in the core area and 13,112 km2 in the extended area. If Southern Ontario consists of the 40 census divisions listed in the article, the total of these census divisions is considerably smaller. The 40 census divisions are a total of 114,217 km2 - 101,264 km2 for the 38 core census divisions and 12,953 km2 in the two extended ones (Parry Sound and Muskoka). These numbers are from Statistics Canada. I can't find any information that accounts for the difference. Clowndentist (talk) 01:07, 10 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Been there since the infobox was added in 2009. No idea where the numbers were pulled from.diff -  Floydian  τ ¢ 02:12, 10 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Southern Ontario


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Henry Wentworth Monk

Henry Wentworth Monk (April 6, 1827 – August 24, 1896) was a Canadian Christian Zionist, mystic, Messianist, and millenarian. Some have credited him with predicting the formation of the United Nations and both World Wars, although these claims are of questionable scholarly merit.

Biography
Monk was born on April 6, 1827, in March Township, Ontario a tiny and remote agricultural community along the Ottawa River. He showed an inclination towards reading and writing at a young age, and when he was seven years old, his father scraped together enough funds to send him to Christ's Hospital in England to be formally educated. Monk found life there unbearable, and would often take refuge in escapist fantasies as a means of coping with reality. After leaving Christ's Hospital, he studied divinity for a while in London, but returned to Canada in the 1840s.

It was in London that Monk was first exposed to Zionist thought. An early incident that had tremendous impact on his young mind was when he heard a speech by Lord Shaftesbury in 1839 or 1840. Shaftesbury, at the time, showed great interest in establishing a British protectorate in Palestine, and restoring the Jews to their "rightful home." Monk was apparently very moved by the speech and began reading whatever he could find on the subject of proto-Zionism and the Jewish diaspora. He would later come into contact with Edward Cazalet, a British Jew, who wanted to establish a Jewish state in Palestine as a safe haven for the oppressed Jews of the world. He was also profoundly affected by the Damascus affair of 1840, and wrote that the anti-Jewish violence perpetrated there deeply disturbed and saddened him.

Upon returning to Canada, he began corresponding with Christian proto-Zionists in the United States (mostly mystics and millenarians). A pivotal moment would come, when, in 1852, he decided he had discovered the "correct" interpretation of the Book of Revelation, after which he took a vow of poverty and left for Palestine as soon as his meager funds would allow. It was during this first stay in Palestine (which lasted just under two years) that he finished his interpretation of Revelation, formed the majority of the ideas he would stand by for the remainder of his life, and formed some friendships that would last that duration as well, most notably with the painter William Holman Hunt. Hunt painted his portrait, in which he is posed holding a copy of the New Testament and a recent issue of The Times newspaper, referring to his attempt to link Revelation to recent events. Behind him is an opaque glass window, referring to St. Paul's words that believers can only see the truth "through a glass, darkly". Hunt was also to help secure the funding of Monk's book on Revelation, thanks to a donation from John Ruskin.

For the next two decades, he split his time between Canada, the United States, Palestine, and Europe, trying to raise funds and lobbying for his cause. He proposed marriage to a woman from March Settlement named Anna Greene, but was rejected (prompting his second extended trip to Palestine). Eventually, in the 1870s, Monk settled in Ottawa, where he would become something of a public figure. He would lobby Parliament, stand for the House of Commons once (in 1887), produce most of his surviving written works, and launch the Palestine Restoration Fund (in 1875), which he would work on until his death. He died on August 24, 1896. His passing was mentioned in newspapers in Ottawa and Montreal, and he was eulogized as a philosopher, a moralist, and a crusader for justice.

Thought and work
Monk's solution to the troubles of the world was derived from his interpretation of Revelation. He argued that Revelation predicted that a "great light" would "very . . . suddenly and unexpectedly overwhelm Christendom." He also cited Revelation's mention of Michael, the man-child. Michael would supposedly stand alone in the Kingdom of God for a time, only to be suddenly recognized by the world, which he would then rule with his "rod of iron." Monk was convinced that what Revelation was foretelling was the establishment of Palestine as a sort of global capital, which would serve two functions: firstly, a neutral ground where nations could settle their disputes via a permanent international tribunal, and secondly, a safe haven for the beleaguered Jews of the world. He believed that the "rod of iron" mentioned was the international tribunal, and the "great light" that would "overwhelm Christendom" was the return of the Jews to Palestine, and its establishment as a world capital. He fleshed out this idea with several very disparate philosophies.

Mystic, Messianic, and millenarian aspects
Monk's rooting in Christian mysticism came at an early age, at Christ's Hospital. As previously mentioned, he would often escape his harsh daily reality with fantasy. At the school, this type of behavior was supposedly not uncommon and, combined with the heavily religious curriculum, it produced many boys that harbored mystic Christian beliefs. Monk was definitely one of them, and it would influence him throughout his life, most prominently in his belief in a divine event that brings an end to global suffering: the coming of the Kingdom of God.

Aside from the Christian mysticist and millenarian elements, Monk's beliefs also bear resemblances to Jewish Messianism. He wrote that the Kingdom of God's coming would "immediately have the effect of arousing the millions of poverty-stricken Jews in Russia, and elsewhere, so that they would realize that the time has now arrived at last for the fulfillment of Divinely inspired prophecies in reference to the ultimate restoration of their own country." It would seem that the coming of the Great Redeemer, the Messiah, was what he had in mind.

Industrialist and modernist aspects
During his stay in London, Monk had been greatly impressed with the results of the Industrial Revolution, particularly in the fields of transportation and communication (he would later claim that the Bible had predicted the railroad and the telegraph). He viewed the machine as a liberating force, a means with which to end the poverty-stricken and backwards state of so many of the world's people (in particular, Russian Jewry). In The People and the Policy he wrote that it is not enough for Christians to pray for the coming of the Kingdom of God as they have always done: to realize the Kingdom, there must be prayer, and concrete steps of action on the part of all of Christendom. This emphasis on action, and by extension the human will, as a necessity of creating a better world is of considered to be of a modern nature.

Monk kept this modernism rooted in religion though. According to his calculations, he claimed, the Books Daniel and Revelation predicted the "Dark Ages" would last until around 1935. He believed this was an indication that the science of the day would be the shining light of the world, bringing about the "new dawn."

Monk also proposed some extremely idiosyncratic theories of planetary motion in several books written during the 1880s.

Political aspects
Despite believing that the Kingdom of God, as he envisioned it, was divinely preordained, Monk had few or no reservations about using political will and power to achieve his vision. For example, in 1872, a Board of Arbitration was convened in Switzerland to settle a dispute between the United States and Britain over losses of merchant ships during the American Civil War. During the deliberations, Monk wrote to U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant, urging that this board be made permanent and set up in Jerusalem.

Monk also thought that a powerful sponsor nation could unilaterally achieve his goals, and he placed his greatest hopes for such a sponsor nation in Great Britain. He believed that Anglophone nations were the most advanced in the world, and, as the leading nation of the leading group of nations, Great Britain was best suited to aid in the coming of the Kingdom of God on earth.

Moralist aspects
A good number of the pleas Monk made on behalf of world Jewry were on strictly moral and humanitarian grounds. In some cases, he merely pointed out the poverty so many European Jews lived in, the antisemitism they had to endure on a daily basis, and the general injustices visited upon them in their countries of residence. He came to the conclusion that the only way to alleviate their suffering was to return them to the Holy Land.

He also invoked moral responsibility, suggesting many times that in restoring the Jews to Palestine, the nations of Europe and North America would be atoning for all the injustices they had perpetrated on the Jewish people over the centuries.

Since Monk believed the international tribunal he envisioned would end war and conflict, the moralist element of such an idea hardly needs explanation. Similar to some of his Zionist arguments, he emphasized that the world's leading nations needed to take the responsibility of creating such a body, to save mankind from itself.

Notable achievements
Monk was never particularly successful in his life's work. He received scant attention from the politicians he lobbied, and had little impact on the growing Zionist movement in Europe and North America. His writings were not widely distributed, though some were translated into Hebrew and printed in the periodical Hamagid, based in Lyck, in what was then Prussia.

As early as the 1870s, Monk wrote of the need for a modern port in Haifa and large-scale land reclamation if Palestine were to be settled by large numbers of Jews. Both these assertions proved true, and were fulfilled in time.

The closest he came to any sort of practical success was on March 23, 1896, when one George Moffat, an MP from Dalhousie, New Brunswick, put forth a motion (in response to Monk's copious letter to him and his colleagues) in Parliament to discuss Canadian sponsorship of an international tribunal, convened in Jerusalem. Though it was the first time such a proposition had been discussed in a legislative body of the English-speaking world, the motion was sidelined, and Parliament adjourned soon afterward.

Also, Abraham Lincoln, not long after signing the Emancipation Proclamation, showed sympathy for Monk's pleas to end the suffering of Russian and Turkish Jews by "restoring" them to Palestine. Lincoln did not pursue the matter any further, and his assassination soon after made his interest inconsequential.

Psychological and emotional factors
It is important to consider Monk's psychological and emotional makeup when looking at his writings.

As previously mentioned, Monk often escaped the miserable life he led at Christ's Hospital through fantasy and daydreams. His second trip to Palestine may have been an adult episode of this, escaping the dejection he felt after Anna Greene declined his offer of marriage.

His stay at Christ's Hospital affected him in other ways too. He was taken from his home at a very young age and placed suddenly amidst the grime and squalor of 1830s and 1840s London. As an old man, he expressed a tremendous amount of resentment at this event in his young life. It seems to have influenced the development of his Zionist ideas, with London being the Babylon of his youth. This is most evident in a map he drew of his proposed plan for Jewish resettlement in Palestine: it closely resembles the original plan of March Settlement, perhaps the Zion to London's Babylon.

In adult life, Monk demonstrated a general lack of perspective, never really abandoned his rather blind idealism, and, at times, had ideas that bordered on the insane. He once described his interpretation of Revelation as the "most important work of the present time." He sometimes remarked that he himself might be the Michael mentioned in Revelation. Like the proponents of British Israelism, he believed that European peoples were the descendants of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel.

Gravesite
Henry Wentworth Monk was buried in the Beechwood Cemetery in Ottawa, Ontario

Books about Henry Wentworth Monk

 * For the Time is At Hand: An Account of the Prophecies of Henry Wentworth Monk of Ottawa, Friend of the Jews, and Pioneer of World Peace, by Richard S. Lambert (1947)

Partial list of writings by Henry Wentworth Monk
Monk's writings were mostly short self-published pamphlets or open letters. He also wrote innumerable letters to newspaper editors, Members of Parliament, other politicians, and many different correspondents.

 * "An Appeal to Sir John: To Support the Universal Peace Arbitration Cause . . ." (From the Ottawa Free Press, October 31, 1890)
 * At Hand – What is "At Hand"? The Universal Righteous Government of "The Kingdom of God" Upon Earth is "At Hand" (1894)
 * Awake, Awake (1893)
 * The Bible challenge--"the number of the beast" (1889)
 * Certainties in Religion (1886)
 * Christendom's cabinet ministry (1893)
 * Earl Derby's Opportunity (1893)
 * Great Britain's Opportunity (1889)
 * The Great Modern Problem (1896)
 * He That Overcometh (1885)
 * How I Found Out "The Truth" and What Must Now Happen (1889)
 * How to Do It; or, Canada to the Front! That the Foremost Colony of the Foremost 	Empire in the World May Now Prove Worthy of an Honorable Position Among the Nations of the Earth (1890)
 * The Peace of the World and the Welfare of Canada (1887)
 * The People and the Policy – Ourselves and What is Expected of Us (1890)
 * Proposed Government for the Jewish People (1891)
 * Proposed international tribunal (1885)
 * "A Royal Proclamation; Asked for on Behalf of Homeless and Destitute Russian Jews" (From the Ottawa Free Press, January 10, 1891)
 * A Simple Interpretation of the Revelation (1859)
 * Stand Up, O Jerusalem (1896)
 * Thy Light Is Come (1893)

title: Henry Wentworth Monk


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