text:
Wendell Corey

Wendell Reid Corey (March 20, 1914 – November 8, 1968) was an American stage, film, and television actor. He was President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and a board member of the Screen Actors Guild, and also served on the Santa Monica City Council.

Early years
Corey was born in Dracut, Massachusetts, the son of Milton Rothwell Corey (October 24, 1879 – October 23, 1951) and Julia Etta McKenney (April 11, 1882 – June 16, 1947). His father was a Congregationalist clergyman and an actor who appeared in Rawhide as Dr Tucker. Wendell was educated in Springfield, Massachusetts. His ancestors included U.S. Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams.

Stage
After graduating from high school in Springfield, Corey sold washing machines and refrigerators at a Springfield department store, when he stopped by to see a friend who was acting at the Springfield Repertory Theater.

The group needed an actor to play the role of a Swedish janitor in Street Scene. Corey took the role and stayed with the theater group for a year, working in the department store during the day and acting at night. He went into acting full time after that with a theater group in Holyoke. He went on to serve a long apprenticeship in the theater, producing, directing and acting in hundreds of plays in summer stock. Corey also was employed by the Federal Theatre Project".

Film
While appearing as the cynical newspaperman in Elmer Rice's comedy Dream Girl (1945), he was seen by producer Hal Wallis, who persuaded him to sign a contract with Paramount and pursue a motion picture career in Hollywood. Corey's feature film debut came as a gangster in Wallis's Desert Fury (1947) starring Burt Lancaster, John Hodiak, Lizabeth Scott, and Mary Astor. In 1947 he appeared in The Voice of the Turtle on stage with Margaret Sullavan in England.

Wallis promoted him to co-star status in The File on Thelma Jordon (1950) where he appeared opposite Barbara Stanwyck. Corey had a good part in Columbia's No Sad Songs for Me (1950) playing Margaret Sullavan's husband. He co-starred with Lana Turner in A Life of Her Own but pulled out after only a few days claiming he was miscast. He was replaced by Ray Milland. Corey had one of his most memorable roles when he played Lt. Thomas Doyle in Alfred Hitchcock's Rear Window (1954) starring James Stewart and Grace Kelly. He toured the US on stage in The Caine Mutiny Court Martial in 1954.

Television
Corey portrayed Lou Gehrig in "The Lou Gehrig Story" for the television series Climax! (1955). He was a series lead in Harbor Command (1957–1958) for which Corey starred with Casey Walters.

Other activities
Corey was President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences from 1961 to 1963 and was a member of the board of directors of the Screen Actors Guild. A Republican campaigner in national politics since 1956, Corey was elected to the Santa Monica City Council in April 1965. Corey supported Barry Goldwater in the 1964 United States presidential election.

Death
Corey died November 8, 1968, at age 54 at the Motion Picture & Television Hospital in Woodland Hills, California. Initial reports stated the cause of death was liver disease, however the likely cause was cirrhosis of the liver as Corey's alcoholism was well-known. Funeral services were held at First Presbyterian Church in Santa Monica, California.

Walk of Fame
Wendell Corey has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame awarded for his work in TV, at 6328 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, Los Angeles.

title: Wendell Corey


text:
Hare coursing

Hare coursing is the pursuit of hares with greyhounds and other sighthounds, which chase the hare by sight, not by scent.

In some countries, it is a legal, competitive activity in which dogs are tested on their ability to run, overtake and turn a hare, rather than a form of hunting aiming at the capture of game. It has a number of variations in its rules around the world. Coursing can also be a form of hunting or pest control. It is a long-established hunting technique, practiced historically in England, especially with greyhounds or sighthound breeds, or with lurchers which are crossbred sighthounds. The sport grew in popularity in Europe during the 19th century but has since experienced a decline due in part to the introduction of greyhound racing with betting, and laws passed that have banned the practice.

In recent decades, controversy has developed around hare coursing, with some viewing it as a cruel bloodsport. Hare coursing is illegal in the United Kingdom. In other countries, including Spain, Ireland and the Western United States, it is a regulated and judged, competitive sport.

History
Whether for sporting or hunting purposes, hare coursing was in Europe historically restricted to landowners and the nobility, who used sighthounds, the ownership of which was at certain historic times prohibited among the lower social classes.

The oldest documented description of hare coursing is the work known in English as On Coursing. It was written by Arrian a Greek historian of the Roman period, circa 180 AD and is known in Ancient Greek as Kynegetikos and in Latin as Cynegeticus. Arrian felt compelled to describe the sight hunt and sighthounds because the Ancient Greeks only knew the scent hunt; On Coursing complements Xenophon's classic work on that subject, Cynegeticus (On Hunting). William Dansey, an English clergyman, translated On Coursing in 1831.

It is from Arrian that the most famous quote on the sporting fairness of coursing originates: "... true huntsmen do not take out their hounds to catch the creature, but for a trial of speed and a race, and they are satisfied if the hare manages to find something that will rescue her".

Formal coursing

The competitive version of hare coursing was given definitive form when the first complete set of English rules, known as the Laws of the Leash, was drawn up in the reign of Elizabeth I reputedly by Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, providing for a pursuit of no more than two hounds, a headstart termed "Law" to be given to the hare for a fair run, and for the manner of awarding points on "Speed", "Go-bye", "Turn", "Wrench", "Kill" and "Trip", to judge the dogs' performance.

The first modern coursing club was established at Swaffham in 1776, and the National Coursing Club was founded to regulate the sport in 1858. From 1876 coursing meets were held at Plumpton, East Sussex and this name was used for such events in Australia.

During the 19th century, coursing crossed the class divide, and reached its peak of popularity, with more than 150 coursing clubs in Britain, some attracting up to 80,000 people. By the late 19th century, hare coursing had become a predominantly working class sport.

Coursing declined during the 20th century, notably due to the development of urban greyhound racing in the 1920s and there were fewer than 30 coursing clubs in the UK by 2000.

Informal coursing
The oldest form of hare coursing simply involved two dogs chasing a hare, the winner being the dog that caught the hare; this could be for sport, food or pest control. In order to indulge in the informal practice, or hunting, various cross breeds (under the generic British term lurchers) have been created; such animals may be specifically bred for coursing, such as the staghounds used to hunt coyote in the United States. Informal coursing has long been closely associated with pheasant hunting or poaching, lacking the landowner's permission, and is often seen as a problem by the local public, landowners and the police. Clubs affiliated to the Association of Lurcher Clubs organised informal coursing with the landowner's permission, sometimes using a single lurcher rather than a pair to chase a hare.

Lure coursing
Lure coursing is a sport for dogs based on hare coursing, but involving dogs chasing a mechanically operated lure. Some critics of hare coursing suggest that coursers could test their dogs through lure coursing. However, coursers believe that, while lure coursing is good athletic exercise for their dogs, it does not approximate the testing vigour and sport of live coursing.

Illegal coursing
Hare coursing was banned in England and Wales by the Hunting Act 2004. However, as of 2015 it continues, illegally in counties with large areas of flat farmland suitable for hares: Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire and Norfolk, although criminals may travel large distances to course hares. Hare coursing gangs film the chase so that it can be played later, if and when betting occurs.

Description of formal coursing
Modern hare coursing is practiced using a number of sighthounds: mainly greyhounds but also Borzois, Salukis, Whippets, and Deerhounds that are registered with a governing body such as the National Coursing Club or Kennel Club in Great Britain, the Irish Coursing Club, or the National Open Field Coursing Association (NOFCA) in the US. Events are conducted through local coursing clubs which are regulated by their governing body. The objective of legal formal coursing is to test and judge the athletic ability of the dogs rather than to kill the hare.

Legal, formal hare coursing has a number of variations in how it is undertaken. Open coursing takes place in the open field, and closed coursing (or park or Irish style) takes place in an enclosure with an escape route. Open coursing is either run as walked-up coursing, where a line of people walk through the countryside to flush out a hare, or as driven coursing, where hares are driven by beaters towards the coursing field. In each case, when a suitable hare appears, a person known as a slipper uses a slip with two collars to release two dogs at the same time, in pursuit of the hare which is given a head start (known as fair law), usually between 70–90 metres (80–100 yards). The sighthound is released elsewhere by the handler.

The chased hare will then run at around 40–45 km/h (24–26 mph) and the course will last around 35–40 seconds over 0.5 km (0.3 miles). The greyhounds which pursue the hare will, being faster, start to catch up with it. As greyhounds are much larger than hares but less agile, they find it difficult to follow the hares' sharp turns which they make to evade the dogs. This agility gives the hare an important and often crucial advantage as it seeks to escape. Under some coursing club rules, the dogs are awarded points on how many times they can turn the hare, and how closely they force the hare's progress. In the UK, the contest between the greyhounds was usually judged from horseback, and the winning greyhound proceeded to the next round of a knock-out tournament. The 2003 UK coursing season ran from 1 October to 28 February.

Variations in Ireland
Hare coursing is popular in Ireland, with the national meeting in Clonmel, County Tipperary, being the most important event in the coursing calendar, attracting 10,000 spectators, and claimed by its organisers to be worth up to €16 million for the local economy. There are around 70 formal coursing clubs in the Republic and two in Northern Ireland, together holding 80–85 meetings per year.

There are several differences between the rules of coursing in Great Britain (where it is regulated by the National Coursing Club) and Irish coursing which has been organised by the Irish Coursing Club since 1916. Because hares are not plentiful in all parts of the island of Ireland, mainly due to modern agricultural practices, coursing clubs are licensed by the Irish government to net 70–75 hares for their events. The hares are then transported in boxes to the coursing venue where they are kept for up to eight weeks and trained to be coursed.

Instead of being coursed on open land, the Irish form is run in a secure enclosure over a set distance. Since 1993, Irish Coursing Club rules have made it compulsory for the greyhounds to be muzzled while they chase the hare. After the coursing event, the hares are transported back to where they were netted and re-released into the wild. Whereas the UK form of coursing was run with dogs winning points for their running and turning of the hare, the Irish form is run on the basis that the first dog to turn the hare wins. This is denoted by either a red flag or a white flag, indicating the colours of the respective dogs' collars.

Variations in the United States
Greyhounds were introduced in the Americas for sport and pleasure, they helped farmers control jackrabbits, and organised coursing meets were taking place in the United States in the 19th century, by 1886 according to Gulf Coast Greyhounds. Open field coursing of jackrabbits, which are members of the hare family, now takes place in a number of states in Western America, including California, Montana and Wyoming, and is said by the North American Coursing Association to take place also in Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico and Utah. It takes place with up to four dogs chasing the hare.

The legality of hare coursing across the different states of the US is not always clear. Animal Place, a California-based animal rights group which opposes coursing, claims that the activity is legal in California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming but illegal in Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, Massachusetts, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Vermont and Wisconsin. The pro-coursing campaign, Stop2110 says that open field coursing is legal in all US states with a huntable population of jackrabbits. Washington state lists jackrabbits as a protected species, due to an unusually low population for a western state, and bans all forms of hunting them.

During the 2006–07 coursing season, the leading United States coursing body, the National Open Field Coursing Association, registered 480 dogs of various breeds, and oversaw 83 coursing events. Its quarry is the black-tailed jackrabbit. Coursing of white-tailed jackrabbits is organised by a smaller body, the North American Coursing Association.

Variations in other countries
According to the UK Government review, the Burns Inquiry (published in 2000), hare coursing was taking place in Pakistan, Portugal and Spain. Pakistan has officially prohibited the use of dogs or hawks for coursing unless a special licence is issued for carrying out such activity although, according to some reports, hare coursing is still practised and popular. Hare coursing in Portugal is run in both forms: open (Prova de Galgos a Campo), and closed (park) coursing where it is known as lebre a corricão. Hare coursing in Portugal may only be legally undertaken with two dogs and operates under the same ethos as coursing in the United States. In Spain, the hare coursing is open coursing, and the areas where the activity takes place includes the Medinrua area. Coursing has long been undertaken in Spain, where Spanish galgos rather than greyhounds are used. These dogs have a precarious life after their coursing careers, with World Animal Protection suggesting that many tens of thousands die cruelly each year. Hare coursing also takes place in Russia but is illegal in most European countries and in Australia, where it had a long history from 1867 until it was banned in 1985 following a long decline in popularity.

Controversy
As long ago as 1516, Thomas More wrote in Utopia that, "Thou shouldst rather be moved with pity to see a silly innocent hare murdered of a dog, the weak of the stronger, the fearful of the fierce, the innocent of the cruel and unmerciful. Therefore, all this exercise of hunting is a thing unworthy to be used of free men."

Coursing has long sparked opposition from activists concerned about animal welfare. In 1892, Lady Florence Dixie criticised hare coursing as an "aggravated form of torture" and the League Against Cruel Sports was established in 1924 to campaign against rabbit coursing on Morden Common and continues to believe that it is wrong to expose animals to the risk of injury or death for human entertainment. The Waterloo Cup became a centrepiece of the campaign against coursing in the UK. In opposition, coursing has long enjoyed the fame of being known as "the noblest of field sports" precisely because the death of the hare is not the aim of the sport. Under most regulated forms of coursing only two hounds pursue the hare, the dogs competing against each other for a short time, and allowing the hare a significant chance of escape.

Welfare arguments
Until the 1970s, there was a dearth of scientific evidence on the welfare impact of coursing. The first thorough study was carried out in 1977–79 by the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW), albeit that it said that it was "not easy to draw conclusions from these reports". According to a review of this study conducted for the Burns Inquiry, "Of the 53 hares killed, 43 had neck injuries, 18 of which were inflicted by the handler (as evidenced from a clean break and no teeth marks). No clean breaks were believed to have been caused by dogs (where tooth marks were evident). The UFAW team's assessment was that all chest injuries would have been quickly fatal (in six cases these included a punctured heart); 10 animals without neck injuries had chest injuries. Abdominal injuries included six punctured livers, but generally involved a ruptured gut. In the UFAW team's opinion, hindleg and back injuries could have been extremely painful until chest or neck injuries were inflicted".

The Burns Inquiry, set up by the UK Government to examine hunting with dogs in England and Wales, which included coursing, concluded that "We are ... satisfied that being pursued, caught and killed by dogs during coursing seriously compromises the welfare of the hare. It is clear, moreover, that, if the dog or dogs catch the hare, they do not always kill it quickly. There can also sometimes be a significant delay, in driven coursing, before the picker-up reaches the hare and dispatches it (if it is not already dead). In the case of walked-up coursing, the delay is likely to be even longer".

Welfare arguments in Irish-style coursing
Since the introduction of muzzling for greyhounds in 1993, deaths to hares are less common, falling from an average of 16% to about 4% of hares coursed (reducing to around 150–200 hares per year). Muzzled dogs are more likely to buffet a hare than to bite it, a factor that may still affect the hare's subsequent survival. Hares can either die due to injuries sustained by contact with the much larger dogs or due to capture myopathy. The report from the official Countryside ranger at the Wexford Coursing Club meeting in December 2003 confirms that, exceptionally, 40 hares died at the event and the report of the veterinary surgeon who examined the hares blames the "significant stress" of being "corralled and coursed". Coursing supporters deny that hare coursing is cruel and say that hares that are injured, pregnant or ill are not allowed to run. Hares are reported to be examined by a vet before and after racing.

In the context of open (not park) coursing, the (British) National Coursing Club evidence to the Burns Inquiry said that muzzled coursing can cause more suffering than unmuzzled if the coursing officials are not able to reach injured hares quickly. The Irish Council Against Bloodsports, an organisation that campaigns against hare coursing has video evidence that shows this happening, even in enclosed coursing.

The kill
In 2000, the rules of the UK National Coursing Club awarded a point to a greyhound that killed a hare "through superior dash and speed". By early 2003, this rule had been deleted to remove the appearance of the kill incentive. Observers of hare coursing at the Waterloo Cup – the most important event in the UK coursing calendar until it was last held in 2005 – regularly reported a minority of people in the crowd cheering when hares were killed. In 2005 in the US, points were still awarded for a "touch ... where the quarry is captured or killed".

The number of hares killed in coursing is unclear. The UK government's Burns Inquiry which submitted its final report in 2000 said that about 250 hares were killed each year in formal coursing. although much larger numbers of kills are believed to take place in informal coursing. The UK National Coursing Club and the organisers of the now defunct Waterloo Cup said that, on average, one in seven or eight hares coursed were killed. Inspectors from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals who attended the event estimated that a greater number, one in five hares coursed, was killed.

During the 2013 season, the Irish National Parks and Wildlife Service oversaw 23 hare coursing meetings. Over 100 hares "required assistance" after being struck during races, which led to over 20 of them dying of natural causes or having to be euthanised.

Conservation or pest control
In different parts of the world two contrasting arguments are made in favour of hare coursing. In some places, the high densities of hare leads to the animals being considered as agricultural pests – a view taken, for example, by the California Department of Agriculture. Coursing is sometimes defended on this basis, even though the US Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife has said that coursing does not "reduce the population enough to alleviate damage".

Elsewhere, such as in the UK, hares are not always seen as pests, and there are species action plans aiming to significantly increase their numbers. Some coursers say that coursing assists conservation because it leads to sporting landowners creating a habitat suitable for hares. Opponents of coursing say that the converse is true, namely that coursing takes place where hares live rather than hares living where coursing takes place. It is also the case that coursing kills slower hares, and it is said by some coursers that this leaves faster hares to breed and multiply.

United Kingdom
The practice of hare coursing has only recently, in historical terms, been debated in Parliament, although Parliament created an exemption in 1921 from the cruelty legislation, the Protection of Animals Act 1911, for animals released for coursing. Eric Heffer, MP for Liverpool Walton, was a major opponent of coursing in the late 1960s, and Prime Minister Harold Wilson joined in the criticism.

Under Wilson's premiership, the House of Commons voted for Government Bills to ban hare coursing in 1969 and 1975, but neither passed the House of Lords to become law. In 2002, the Scottish Parliament passed the Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act, which banned hare coursing in Scotland. In 2004 the British Parliament passed the Hunting Act, which banned hare coursing as well as other forms of hunting with hounds with effect from 18 February 2005. Prosecutions were successful against two hare coursers in 2008 and against two Yorkshire landowners in 2009. The private prosecution brought against the organisers of the March 2007 North Yorkshire event organised by a Field Trialling Club clarified in September 2009 that hare coursing is still an illegal activity under the Hunting Act 2004 even if the dogs used are muzzled.

No formal coursing has taken place in Northern Ireland since 2002, as Ministers have refused the coursing clubs permission to net hares, and have protected them from being coursed or hunted under the Game Preservation (Northern Ireland) Act  and in June 2010 the Northern Ireland Assembly voted to ban the practice. The two extant Northern Ireland coursing clubs since 2002 have travelled to the Republic to hold meetings jointly with coursing clubs there. Opinion polls commissioned by the League Against Cruel Sports as part of its campaigning have shown very strong public opposition to hare coursing from both urban and rural residents of Northern Ireland (and the Republic of Ireland).

In 2015, it was reported that hare coursing incidents had fallen by approximately 78 per cent across Suffolk since the re-launch of an operation against coursing in September 2013.

California
In early 2006, the TV channel ABC 7 showed a film of coursing with sets of three greyhounds competing in the chase of a number of hares. Coursing was banned in the County concerned, and California Assemblywoman Loni Hancock promoted a bill, AB2110, to make it a crime for any person in California to engage in open field coursing – defined as a "competition in which dogs are, by the use of rabbits, hares, or foxes, assessed as to skill in hunting live rabbits, hares, or foxes". A pro-coursing campaign was also established. The Bill was passed by the Public Safety Committee but did not become law.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hare coursing


text:
Talk:Ang Mo Kio

Untitled February 2005
Is “Ang Mo Kio” originated from “red hairy man” or rambutans, bin-jau or perhaps  tomato ? According to media corps radio, they said,

The words 'Ang Mo Kio' mean 'red-haired man's bridge' in the Hokkien dialect. The story of how the Ang Mo Kio area was named, was passed down from the old local village-folk to the present occupants of Ang Mio Kio New Town. The bridge refers to one or two bridges** located in the area during Singapore's era under colonial rule. It was the British who apparently built these bridges during the bygone colonial days. When Ang Mo Kio was transformed from a forested kampong into an HDB-flatted new town in the 1970s, the authorities decided to keep the phonetics of the name 'Ang Mo Kio', but altered the Chinese characters slightly, so that it would read 'large and prosperous bridge', instead of 'red-haired man's bridge' - sources from Google at http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:5qcCRYw9g3QJ:www.newsradio.com.sg/ssi/did_you_know/documents/DYKAMK.doc+&hl=en

Perhaps the sources for the above needed some urgent correction: Actually before the concrete town of Ang Mo Kio existed, our family lived in the kampong (village) and nearly everyone in our kampong have some rambutan trees (“rambutan” is a local exotic red hairy fruit). Many of our kampong old folks who lived in “Ang-mo Dan-Our” (meaning in our Hokkien dialect - village behind/shaded by the rambutan trees) would every morning bring our vegetable and fruits to sell in the marketplace ( known as “Ang Mo Dan khek” – or meaning “rambutan market” in the Hokkien dialect). Besides rambutans we also sell certain vegetables know as “kio”( in Hokkien) which is a local vegetable known as “bin-jau”(Malay). Tomato is not that common and usually imported from elsewhere. Ang Mo Kio is not related with tomatoes.

“Ang-mo-Dan kheh” is exactly located at the 61/4 milestone of Thomson Road. The place where our old school (Sin Khiew Public primary school was founded by the villagers on the old opera stage building) and old temple stood (now demolished) was just next to the market which had a few provision shops, several coffee-shops, a confectionery, some road side dwellings and a Chinese (sinseh’s) pharmacy. The place was later re-located, re-built and re-named “Venus avenue” before when it was decided to demolish it completely. Now it is now just empty State land as a results of the land acquisition laws. That was the story of the kampong of Ang-mo-Dan Khek. Before our little kampong (Ang-mo-Dan Our) was leveled by bulldozers and taken over by the landowners “Messrs United Oversea land Limited” for development, our kampong folks were lucky to be compensated for moving out.. We lived and farmed in the place for as long as we can remember even before the Japanese occupation.

Our family’s attap house was simply numbered as “No:198 Thomson Road” and later they re-named it no. 126-A Lorong Kukus. The old hardened un-named stony kampong roads were later named as Lorong Puntong and Lorong Kukus. It was never fully paved except for a small length nearest the main Thomson road. The road names were created to facilitate for the postman who delivered the letters. Our address with such funny numbers as “No.198 off 6¼ milestone Thomson Road” was misleading and hard to find for the poor postman. Besides it was far away from the main motor trunk road or the old Thomson Road! When the landowners “Messrs United Overseas Land Limited” wanted to take over the old kampong place, they had it surveyed and recorded. Perhaps it was to facilitate the legal matters that a surveyor map and legal documents were drawn up for the purpose. The old map was labeled “Mukim XV111 of Ang Mo Kio” which is found in the surveyors archives of the Government of Singapore. I have a copy, and this old name definitely preceded the creation of the New Town of Ang Mio Kio!

It was assumed incorrectly that the name of Ang Mo Kio refer to the bridge at 7th milestone of Thomson Road (which is found at the junction Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1 and Thomson Road). Were those people who drawn the Map thinking of the rambutans or the Ang Mo  bridge? You tell me! The old bridge was built to cross over the Kilang river which catches the overflow water from the old Kilang reservoir. (the old Kilang Reservoir was re-named named as the Peirce

Reservoir i.e. named after Robert Peirce, the municipal engineer of Singapore in 1901-). It was locally known as the “Or kio” which means the “black bridge” in Hokkien. As far as I can recall It was never known as the “Ang Kio" or "Ang Mo Kio”. Ang Mo Kio became a common name after the new town of AMK was built. Moreover I understand it was just another unnamed PWD  bridge.

However I think that name (Ang Mo Kio) is unrelated to the bridges** mentioned herein but more likely to the people who lived in the kampongs and their exotic “rambutan” (rambutan is pronounced Ang-mo tan!). The area upon which the present New Town of Ang Mo Kio stands was previously known as “Kou-teu kio” meaning the Ninth Bridge in Hokkien.

In the early 60s there were many concrete bridges built by the local villagers for crossing the rivers and streams. Especially after the common use of motor vehicles upon the old stony roads, it necessitated the construction of such concrete bridges (or “kio” in Hokkien). I have the old Map showing some of the old bridges. We used to remember when the old folks known as the “charity people” known as  would come around to ask the villagers for small donations to help out.

Therefore I would certainly suggest that the name of the New Town of Ang Mo Kio came from the old surveyors maps under “Mukim Ang Mo Kio”. “Mukim” is an old Malay word for the district/area of Ang Mo Kio. It is likely that the origin of the name came from the several names of the villages along the Thomson road and all the bridges (“kio”) found in the area. It did not came from the only two old unnamed bridges** at the corner of AMK Ave 1 and Thomson Road junction.

Certainly Ang Mo Kio New town could not have its origins from the red hairy man ! Well strictly speaking I rather use the mandarin pronunciation meaning "Long prosperous bridge" but it is certainly not the original meaning of the word in Hokkien.

A clever modern day web-site suggested the name Ang-Mo-kio as in “tomato” when simply pronounced in the local Hokkien dialect!

The original name probably reflects the kampongs where there were plentiful of “Ang-Mo Dan” (rambutans) Be my guess. it could well be the rambutans leaving out the "kio"! After all names of places came only when there were people who lived there. In the early beginning this was forested and opened up by the Chinese settlers who had a thriving gambier and pepper plantations in the late 19th century or around1922. http://www.wildsingapore.com/places/lpt.htm That also was the time when my grandfather came from China to settle in the ” Ang Mo Dtan Our” kampong. There were many pineapple plantations too. Rubber became important only after the Second World war.

What would anyone think is actually the origin of the name Ang Mo Kio? Think of the many fruit trees! There were plenty of the fruit trees existing long before the construction of bridges! Take a good look at the red hairy rambutan in this picture goto http://www.nutritionaustralia.org/News_in_Nutrition/Media_Releases/rambutans.asp It would be rediculous to suggest that our old kampongs (Ang Mo Dan-khek and Ang Mo Dan-Our ) were named after the red hairy westerners!

Actually the name of Ang Kio Tau,(in Hokkien meaning "head of the red bridge") were in used prior to the existence of the New town of Ang Mo Kio. There were older folks who understands that the “Ang kio Tau” refer to the place or bridges where the second milestone of Thomson Road (Near the Novena MRT)is presently located. Those bridges were referred as “Ang Kio Tau”. They were located before the old Kampong Chia Heng (also near PWD workshop). That locality is probably the beginning of Mukim Ang Mo Kio. The first mile of Thomson Road is exactly next along the old Canal which was constructed to drain the flash flood rainwater down to the sea. Further on to the beginning of Thomson Road was the area known commonly as "Pek Kio" or the "White bridge". The Pek Kio Community Centre and the baptist churches are in the locality. There were a series of bridges named (in Hokkien) after basic colours from white to red then to black! All those bridges were built during the colonial times and the PWD  were responsible. Of course the approval come from the engineers who could be the English engineers, but none of the bridges bear any names related to those people. Whereas in the cases of the important bridges, they all bear the names of the bridge builders or important people in the colonial administration e.g. the Elgin bridge was named after the Governor of the old colony of Singapore. see http://www.guidez.net/place=2356/topic=816/sight=2373/article=4490 Therefore it leave the begging question "why don't they have name of all other small bridges?" Probably your guess is as good as any sensible person. Colonial prejudices! Before the Elgin bridge the local people have two other names for the older bridges constructed by the locals. One of them was known as the Monkey bridge! Certainly none of the responsible people were interested to take credit for those insignificant bridges.

The term "mukim" was certainly the Malay name for the area smaller than the district level. In Malaysia that term is still in used on the maps. For instance there is a place know as Senai in the State of Johore. On the Map it is listed as Mukim of Senai. The Roman numeric standard was an older form of numbering adopted for used by the British from the Latin. For instance I (one) to X (ten), V (five) and III(three). So when the figure of XVIII is exactly 18 by our new standard. Therefore the name Mukim XVIII of Ang Mo Kio signifies the area located on the Map. Presently it is not the site of the New Town of Ang Mo Kio but just next alongside. Mukim XVIII was the housing estate built by the United Overseas Land Limited known as "Faber Gardens". This was the kampong area where our old attap dwelling used to stand at No. 126 A Lorong Kukus. The old Hokkien "kio" (meaning bridge or bridges) are often designation of the local name of the places related to the landmark such as a bridge or as in the case of Ang Mo Kio denoting several bridges in existence.

In conclusion I suggest that the name of Mukim of Ang Mo kio is far older than the new Town of Ang Mo Kio. It is highly possible that the name  was chosen by Town builders following the original name on the Map. It will be a great idea to use the beautiful red hairy rambutan as the new symbol of the New Town of Ang Mo Kio! see: http://www.proscitech.com.au/trop/display/rambutan.htm

Written by Norman Oh dated 16th Feb. 2005

(permission for re-printed please contact me at norey_23@hotmail.com or just call me only during daytime hours in Singapore 98530121 )Thanks! or for further details here wi-ki goto http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_talk:MukimAMK.jppeg.jpg and take a good look at the IMAGE Image:MukimAMK.jppeg.jpg

POV
In the intro, the sentence on Ang Mo Kio pride, may be touching, but is it POV? Dpr 02:59, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes it is. The article needs rewrite in several places in fact....such as those references to "taxi drivers".--Huaiwei 05:28, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Facts are still facts whether POV or NPOV?Alien2 16:01, 28 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps people of another alien culture should be editing some our wikipedian's remarks too!

Cabby is queer so are Singaporeans? Are all Singaporeans that queer?Alien2 16:01, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Editing
I'm doing some copy/style editing of the article. . .but i have saved the former text. It's highly worth preserving, even if not on this forum, as an example of highly agreeable and lively writing. Dpr 06:43, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Ang Mo Kio and AMK New Town/Planning Area
Why are those topics in their own articles and not in this one? If they do deserve their own articles, at least a summary needs to be left in the Amg Mo Kio article. What's the difference between AMK and AMK new town? Alex.tan 09:19, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hm...at first we had seperate articles for AMK and AMK New Town etc. Then I merged them together into subsections, but later split them up again when realising they have grown in content by now. To clarify between their differences, Ang Mo Kio as a place name has a boundary different from Ang Mo Kio New Town, the town of which borrows the name from a formarly small area, and planned and built by the HDB. Ang Mo Kio Planning Area, again, covers a much bigger area then Ang Mo Kio New Town, and was planned by the URA. Hence, the Ang Mo Kio article can talk about Ang Mo Kio as a general geographic area, the source of its name, and the history of its development. Ang Mo Kio New Town would elaborate on the town itself, describe its development and configuration, and the application of the new town planning concept. Ang Mo Kio Planning Area, on the other hand, discusses URA's planning guidelines and initiatives for that area. Hopefully, the same could be done for all other place names in Singapore when their content gets developed over time.--Huaiwei 14:07, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think we should delete the planning area. It's just Ang Mo Kio now. —Preceding unsigned comment added by MyMemories92 (talk • contribs) 05:31, 20 December 2009 (UTC)

GRC
Shouldn't the last part about GRC be put into a separate article or something? From what I see only the last line talks about the Ang Mo Kio GRC. Hayabusa future 11:06, 11 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Consider moving its to the Group Representation Constituency page.--Huaiwei 15:52, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Name origin
Interestingly, in the article on Gutzlaff Street (Hong Kong), one notes: Before the Second World War, the lane was known as "Red-haired Dame Street" (紅毛嬌街) (i.e. Hong Mao Qiao Street). --Dpr 04:36, 15 September 2005 (UTC) I was at university in 1970 and a friend, Martin Wi, an ethnic Chinese from SE Asia but not China, told me Ang Mo Kio or Ang Mo Kiu (he spoke it, he didn't write it) was used for 'English bastard' or 'white bastard'! I suspected the Ang may have meant it was English bastard, because so many other languages incorporate that syllable, but having read this page, that now looks wrong. And in fact, the whole thing looks wrong; Martin was pulling my leg, maybe. If any other Chinese/Hokkien speakers can confirm that, then this contribution from me can be deleted (but if it is true, perhaps it ought to go in the wikipedia entry!). Nick Barnett (talk) 12:52, 1 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes I have heard the name used (紅毛嬌街) before the existence of Ang Mo Kio ! The reference to Hong Kong "red brothels" from Gutzlaff Street is factual and correct. However it was slightly different in the fact when used before, it was Ang-mo kio tau meaning the head of the Ang-mo bridge which really is not the locality of the present AMK or Ang Mo Kio, but that locality as I remembered was at Kampong Chia Heng just immediately where the present Novena Church at Thomson stands. However, the actual bridge is the peh kio meaning the White Bridge built near the spot where old Kampong Java and Peh Kio Community stands, It is present a small area in the vicinity of the overhead by-pass viaduct bridge crossing (Central Expressway). It is obvious that a slight different in location is a big difference and I quite sure that the origin of AMK is not from that source, though it is older. There are some Cantonese speaking laundry people residing in the 60s at Kampong Chia Heng who used to express the name (紅毛嬌街)and they were likely aware of the brothel connections! However, I still find no other sources to connect with AMK or Ang Mo Kio! I have pondered on this fact but later dismissed it altogether due insufficient data. Thanks be to User:Dpr for mentioning it !165.21.154.116 02:48, 27 September 2005 (UTC)User:Norman OhNorey196054 03:22, 27 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Any other User with new info will be appreciated and if relevant I will edit or add-to-it in the article above Thks User:Norman OhNorey196054 03:32, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

POJ and	Pinyin
This is a discussion to decide whether we should specifically state that POJ is for Hokkien, and Pinyin is for Standard Mandarin in the inforbox. or whether these are unnecessary.
 * I feel that it is not necessary because POJ is predominantly used for Hokkien, and Pinyin is predominantly used for Standard Mandarin around the world. Also, in Singapore, Pinyin is used only for Standard Mandarin. This level of details is not necessary, especially in the inforbox. Otherwise, we have to do the same for English, Malay, Tamil, eg. "English" has to change to "Standard English", etc. --Vsion 19:26, 21 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Given my deletion of the said entries, I too disagree with their inclusion. The entries made are for the romanised writtern term, and not the spoken.--Huaiwei 19:31, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

 * We cannot assume most readers already know Pinyin is for Standard Mandarin, and Pe̍h-oē-jī is for Min Nan (or specifically, the Taiwanese dialect of Min Nan) when they're reading. The picture is further complicated by the fact that Pinyin is also used by other languages; and Pe̍h-oē-jī is also used by Hakka, as well as the aboriginal languages on Taiwan. As for the need to specify it's Standard Mandarin, I suppose this is to acknowledge the fact that different divisions and dialects of Mandarin may not be mutually intelligible. The following Pinyin romanisation represent only the pronunciation in Standard Mandarin. — Instantnood 19:46, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Singapore speaks Standard Mandarin? I am not so sure about that, for if so, we wont be getting brickbats from Mainlanders for our "low quality" brand of Mandarin. :D Meanwhile, all users have pointed out that you cannot assume readers will not be aware that these articles are refering to Mandarin and Hokkien respectively. We do not see you adding Mandarin etc to every single Pinyin romanisation across wikipedia, does it, so if it is as neccesary as to justify your destructive behavior, mind telling us why you are not doing it in other articles?--Huaiwei 05:37, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Avenues
Can't figure out what is this section trying to put across. Definitely something that needs to be improved. unkx80 12:55, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

And on a side note, is it my poor map reading skills or does AMK Avenue 7 mysteriously not exist? Secretss 3:52, 4 April 2009 (SST)

Untitled November 2007
There are maps that actually states "ANG MO KIA" in dicating a place between thomson and AMK which can be found in national Archive. Its amazing that the person who wrote about ang mo kio has no knowlege of this. It is believed that Thomson himself was the ANG MO KIA. ct--116.197.242.212 14:44, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Untitled December 2009
Had deleted Townsville Primary thread from the Ang Mo Kio page, had opened another wikipedia page for Townsville Primary School instead. Thanks. -- MyMemories92 (20 Dec 09 - 1:22pm GMT+8)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Ang Mo Kio. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110914072612/http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1673_2010-06-16.html to http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1673_2010-06-16.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:00, 13 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Ang Mo Kio. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160304145846/http://www10.hdb.gov.sg/ebook/ar2015/html5/index.html?opf=tablet%2FKey%20Statistics.xml to http://www10.hdb.gov.sg/ebook/ar2015/html5/index.html?opf=tablet%2FKey%20Statistics.xml

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:26, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

Is "Lady Jennifer Windsor" a hoax?
There's a lengthy, unsourced sob story in the article about a "Lady Jennifer Windsor" who supposedly was the ang moh of Ang Mo Kio, but I've been unable to find any evidence not copied directly from WP that a "Lady Jennifer Windsor", much less a "Lord Windsor", ever lived in Singapore. Singapore Infopedia and Google Books pre-1950 both draw complete blanks. On this basis, I'm going to nuke the section entirely unless there's evidence to the contrary. Jpatokal (talk) 09:39, 23 July 2020 (UTC)

 * This edit in 2008 by a short-lived user with a track record of dubious contributions appears to be the sole source here. Jpatokal (talk) 09:48, 23 July 2020 (UTC)

 * There was an infotainment show (in Chinese) on Singapore's Chinese TV channel about the origins and it mentioned about the same story. An expert, which I forgot his area/expertise, was going through the various possible sources of the names. Of course, it is a bit recent and if I remembered correctly, it is said to be a myth. As it is so recent, it could have based off the wikipedia content as well. Regardless of the conclusion, is it worth hunting for it? --Justanothersgwikieditor (talk) 01:49, 24 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Yes, the Wikipedia "info" has made its way into many places after 2008, but I'm looking for any sources that predate it. Jpatokal (talk) 02:49, 24 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't suppose you'd remember the channel/date/title/anything about that show? I found this from Channel 8, but it doesn't mention the myth. Jpatokal (talk) 14:08, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

I've removed the Lady Windsor content. There are similar issues with the section on Thomson, which are also unsourced and added by the same user:  Jpatokal (talk) 04:20, 29 July 2020 (UTC)

 * I believed it is on Channel U where it is between a host and some celebrity guests and then the various possible origins is showing video clips of a guy talking about it. Title may be with the words 红点. Might be very specific, it is likely broadcast on a Friday evening at 8 pm. I checked today schedule but its definitely changed for tonight. Unfortunately a quick check with my family seems that I am having false memories. They remember the show but could not remember any specifics about channel, language and when. The format of the show remains the same just other details wrong. --Justanothersgwikieditor (talk) 01:21, 14 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Someone showed me this after a few questions and the record date is 1996! Need to find a free copy to watch! --Justanothersgwikieditor (talk) 01:54, 14 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Here's another TV show with some good history covering most options in the article and then some. No mention of our Lady though!  Jpatokal (talk) 14:21, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Nice find and this is the show I watched~! So Lady is on my books as of now, fictional! --Justanothersgwikieditor (talk) 08:55, 18 August 2020 (UTC)
 * by googling the exact text (I did "links the western part of the current Ang Mo Kio estate to the Thomson Estate") added by that edit, google shows only 3 results. Only 1 from before 2008: https://sgforums.com/forums/8/topics/337945/.
 * Pay attention to the peculiarity. Michaelzhang68 made the forum post at 21 Nov 08, 22:05. If this was SGT, then it was 14:05 UTC. Paulchen68 created account at 23:38, 21 November 2008 and edited at 23:45, UTC, which was 07:45 22 Nov SGT.
 * Other forum users were also making fun of the original post. (If you wanna decipher the Chinese gibberish code, save it in ascii txt and then view it in unicode encoding, then the Chinese text should be displayed correctly.) The wiki edit came after many forum users joked about the story.
 * I say it's a blatant hoax.--RZuo (talk) 19:55, 6 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Nice detective work! Up next, figuring out whether Thomson really had red hair and built any bridges in the area. Jpatokal (talk) 03:34, 7 August 2020 (UTC)
 * User:Jq 1988's edits introducing the Thomson story doesnt seem to be well documented either. This time I tried googling ("facilitate logistic transportation to the nearby British military bases at Seletar") ("logistic transportation" "Seletar" "Caucasian Bridge"), no results prior to 2009 could be found.
 * However, try searching ("Thomson" "Ang Mo Kio") in google books, here is a list of all references I could find:
 * Pre 2009
 * David Brazil (1991). Street Smart Singapore. ISBN 9789812040657. This book has a whole chapter How Ang Mo Kio Got Its Name, but I cant access it.
 * Sumiko Tan (1999). Home, Work, Play ISBN 9789810417062.
 * Mark Lewis (2003). The Rough Guide to Singapore. p.85. ISBN 9781843530756 https://books.google.de/books?id=mRkgkUdWn9wC&lpg=PA85&dq=%22Thomson%22%20%22Ang%20Mo%20Kio%22&pg=PA85#v=onepage&q=%22Thomson%22%20%22Ang%20Mo%20Kio%22&f=false This says AMK refers to JT Thomson.
 * Post 2009
 * Victor R Savage, Brenda Yeoh (2013). Singapore Street Names: A Study of Toponymics. p.19. ISBN 9789814484749 https://books.google.de/books?id=DTOJAAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA19&dq=%22Thomson%22%20%22Ang%20Mo%20Kio%22&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q=%22Thomson%22%20%22Ang%20Mo%20Kio%22&f=false . I quote, "Early reference to Ang Mo Kio is found in Thomson's 1849 report on Singapore's agriculture. This New Town is located in the mid-northern part of the island. The Chinese name, amokiah, or Ang Mo Kio, literally means 'red hair bridge', a reference to the Europeans (derogatorily known as red-haired devils). The bridge in question was built by J.T. Thomson at Thomson Road... SOURCE: Ramachandran, 1969; Thomson, 1849a". (I cant see the whole book and cant find out what this Ramachandran 1969 source is.)
 * Yew Peng Ng (2017). What's In The Name? How The Streets And Villages In Singapore Got Their Names. p.72. ISBN 9789813221475 https://books.google.de/books?id=cpA4DwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA72&dq=%22Thomson%22%20%22Ang%20Mo%20Kio%22&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q=%22Thomson%22%20%22Ang%20Mo%20Kio%22&f=false . I quote, "Ang Mo Kio is a transcription of the Hokkien name for this area. "Ang Mo" means red hair literally and was colloquial name for a Caucasian or white man. "Kio" is a bridge in Hokkien, The white man's bridge was the bridge built by J T Thomson (Chief Surveyor, Singapore, 1841-1853) located at the junction of Upper Thomson Road and Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1. Besides Ang Mo Kio village (named in 1938), Ang Mo Kio as a district existed in official maps as "Amokiah" and "Ang Mo Kio" in 1873 and 1885 respectively. "Ang Mo Kio area" appeared in press reports as early as 1855... Source: ST, 1855. 1.2:5; SFP, 1938.8.12:3; ST, 1977.3.25:17; NAS, TM000003l; NAS, SP006819". (I suppose the sources are newspapers Straits Times and Singapore Free Press? SP006819 is "Map of the Island of Singapore and its Dependencies, 1873, by F A McNair". This book mentions Ramachandran too, and his/her initial is "S Ramachandran", but I still cant see the full list of references.)
 * This investigation needs someone with access to these books to finish.--RZuo (talk) 10:39, 7 August 2020 (UTC)

I saw a claim that this story is in this 2011 book but I can't access it to verify. Ping User:Jpatokal who noted the error in the book:. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 09:31, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ang Mo Kio


text:
Arroyo (watercourse)

An arroyo, from Spanish arroyo (, "brook"), also called a wash, is a dry watercourse that temporarily or seasonally fills and flows after sufficient rain. Flash floods are common in arroyos following thunderstorms.

Similar landforms are referred to as wadi (in North Africa and Western Asia), rambla in Spain, chapp in the Gobi, laagate in the Kalahari, donga in South Africa, nullah in India, fiumare in Italy, and dry valley in England.

The desert dry wash biome is restricted to the arroyos of the southwestern United States. Arroyos provide a water source to desert animals.

Types and processes
Arroyos can be natural fluvial landforms or constructed flood control channels. The term usually applies to a sloped or mountainous terrain in xeric and desert climates. In addition: in many rural communities arroyos are also the principal transportation routes; and in many urban communities arroyos are also parks and recreational locations, often with linear multi-use bicycle, pedestrian, and equestrian trails. Flash flooding can cause the deep arroyos or deposition of sediment on flooded lands. This can lower the groundwater level of the surrounding area, making it unsuitable for agriculture. However a shallow water table lowered in desert arroyo valleys can reduce saline seeping and alkali deposits in the topsoil, making it suitable for irrigated farming.

Natural
In the U.S. state New Mexico, the Doña Ana County Drainage Ordinance defines an arroyo as "a watercourse that conducts an intermittent or ephemeral flow, providing primary drainage for an area of land of 40 acre or larger; or a watercourse which would be expected to flow in excess of one hundred cubic feet per second as the result of a 100 year storm event." Research has been conducted in the hydrological modeling relative to arroyos. Natural arroyos are made through the process known as arroyo-cutting. This occurs in arid regions such as New Mexico, where heavy rains can lead to enlargement of rivers cutting into surrounding rock creating ravines which are dry under normal weather conditions. It is argued, however, whether these excessively stormy periods are the sole cause of arroyo-cutting as other factors such as long-term climate changes must also be taken into account. Further, overgrazing by livestock throughout the 20th century and today has removed vast amounts of surface vegetation which decreases ground infiltration of precipitation and increased runoff, increasing speed and energy of high flow rain events. Coupled with groundwater pumping this increases downcutting in arroyos as well. Arroyo cutting which occurred in the 1900s in the southwestern United States caused serious farming issues such as a lowered water table and the destruction of agriculture lands.

Constructed
In agricultural areas in climates needing irrigation, farmers traditionally relied on small constructed arroyos, acequias, zanjas or aqueduct channels and ditches for the distribution of water.

An example of larger constructed arroyos is in Albuquerque, New Mexico. There are several miles of open-air concrete lined drainage channels that drain an area into the main North Diversion Channel, a tributary of the Rio Grande joining upstream of Albuquerque. After the San Juan Project Water Treatment Plant here, the Rio Grande's flow exceeding that needed for the river's silvery minnow habitat is available for municipal water supply diversion. Signs are posted at the constructed arroyos warning to keep out due to danger of flash flooding. The Arroyo Seco and Los Angeles River are more famous examples in Southern California of former natural arroyo seasonal watercourses that became constructed open drainage system arroyos.

title: Arroyo (watercourse)


text: User talk:209.6.25.22

title: User talk:209.6.25.22


text:
Talk:Clarence Thomas

Thurgood Marshall image and legend
It took me a while to get ahold of second-hand copies in good condition of the two sources you cited in the legend to Thurgood Marshall’s picture you added here with the legend, "Marshall would later give advice to Thomas after the confirmation". 20 minutes later you changed the legend to say, "Marshall would later be an advisor to Thomas after his confirmation." I don’t see anything in the sources that would justify "giving advice", much less "be an advisor", so I’m wondering why you added the image and the legend. Here are the text passages mentioning Marshall on the pages you cited.
 * Foskett, 257-258: In [Marshall’s] own departing news conference, he told the world he saw no difference between a white or a black snake, an apparent reference to Thomas as his likely successor. What galled Marshall more than anything was the notion that he could be replaced by anyone, much less a conservative black man like Thomas. "They think he’s as good as I am, " Marshall grumbled about Thomas, according to a former clerk quoted in his biography.
 * Marshall believed America and its great Constitution never were and never could be color-blind. He devoted his life to writing color into the law, using America’s historic discrimination of black Americans to make race a factor in public-school education, college admissions, and the workplace. By contrast, Thomas believed America could only become color-blind by expunging color from the law. Marshall spent a lifetime reminding America of its racially stained past: Thomas planned to spend a lifetime eliminatibng race from American law. Marshall’s era was over, and Thomas’s was about to begin.
 * One pearl of wisdom from Marshall stuck with Thomas. As a black man, Marshall said, Thomas would be held to a different standard. The advice resonated instantly with Thomas because his grandfather also had preached that a black man in America had to work twice as hard to get half as far. All the questions about his qualifications had reinforced that lesson.
 * Thomas learned later that he would be held to a different standard by black Americans as well as white. And that standard was the great Marshall himself.

Marshall said in a conversation after the swearing-in ceremony that as a black man Thomas would be held to a different standard and that he would "have to do what you have to do in your time". It's a stretch calling that "giving advice", much less calling Marshall Thomas's advisor. Space4Time3Continuum2x (talk) 12:52, 2 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Greenburg, pg 112: But other liberals were welcoming, including Marshall, the justice Thomas had replaced. Thomas is a gregarious man, and his conversation with Marshall, a renowned storyteller, stretched nearly three hours and ended with a piece of advice from the liberal legend. "I had to do what I had to do in my time," Marshall told Thomas. "You have to do what you have to do in your time."

 * @Space4Time3Continuum2x Marshall gave advice to Thomas per both the Foskett and Greenburg source; it's not a stretch to call advice advice. Greenburg calls it as such in the third paragraph you have above, not to mention the rest of Marshall's "pearl[s] of wisdom". Greenburg says so also explicitly that at their conversation's end, Marshall gave Thomas a "piece of advice".
 * I changed the caption actually because I thought using "the confirmation" separated Thomas from being the subject, I later used the word "advisor" as a way to stretch out the caption so the text wouldn't wrap underneath, along with making the whole caption more wordier in general. Either caption is acceptable to me, and I would re-add the first one especially now that there is the new vector. I added the image of Marshall in the first place as a way to illustrate the section, which is a standard writing thing that's been done extensively before; I actually had a whole conversation about it on the photo regarding Dinand Library that is still transposed here. It is not unusual or out of place at all. GuardianH (talk) 19:26, 3 October 2023 (UTC)

What is this standard writing thing that's been done extensively before you keep referring to? It looks as though you cherry-picked a couple of sources because of an agenda (adding an undue image to establish a connection between civil rights veteran Marshall and Thomas?). I haven't come across any other sources mentioning the encounter after Thomas's swearing-in ceremony or any reports of them ever having met before that time. The way the meeting is described it appears to have been a common courtesy conversation with small talk, trivial and not noteworthy for a bio in an encyclopedia. The caption is an undue generalization of one of the two sources saying that "the conversation ... ended with a piece of advice". Space4Time3Continuum2x (talk) 15:07, 4 October 2023 (UTC)

 * You are taking me to be a far wittier villain than what were my actually anti-climatic intentions — adding an innocuous image of one's predecessor to illustrate a wordy section, which is a common practice. Take a look at the Quay FA; notice how there is an image of Quay's predecessors (i.e. Senator Don Cameron, whom Quay eclipsed in the Pennsylvania Republican Party), I just did the same thing, with a fun fact tapered at the end. Take also a look at the Oppenheimer article, which has an image of the Trinity Test in the respective section; I also did the same thing, but with an illustration of Thomas' college.
 * The relationship between a predecessor and a successor, in addition with the two having a three hour conversation, is a connection, by the way. If it wasn't already obvious with Foskett dedicating his second paragraph with a comparison of the two. GuardianH (talk) 20:27, 4 October 2023 (UTC)

 * A witty villain? You misunderstood me, and you misunderstood/misread Quay’s page. Quay collaborated with Simon and Don Cameron for many years, and their images are in the respective long sections detailing Quay’s collaboration with each of them. Don succeeded Simon in the U.S. Senate and was in office from 1877–1897; Quay held Pennsylvania’s other Senate seat from 1887–1904. He eventually became more powerful in the Pennsylvania Republican Party than Don but I don’t think "political machine boss" is an official title one succeeds to. I still believe that the image is undue but, not wanting to get into an edit war since there are no other opinions on whether to include or not, I replaced the caption with Marshall's opinion of Thomas. Here's the full excerpt from Juan Williams's biography:

 * Bill Coleman watched some of the hearings with Marshall. "If you want to suffer through the most miserable time, sit in Justice Marshall's chambers with the television on during the time of the Thomas hearings," he said. "I think that if he'd ever felt that the guy to replace him was going to be Thomas, he would have stayed on.... [ellipsis points per the quotation in the book] He just thought it was terrible that a person with such small ability and with that lack of commitment, would be on the court at all, much less to take the seat that he had vacated."

 * Despite the hearings, Thomas was confirmed in a close vote, 52-48. When Thomas joined the court he did the usual round of courtesy calls for brief conversations with the other justices. But his introduction to Marshall was most memorable. The meeting with Marshall lasted more than two hours, with Marshall doing all the talking, telling stories about his days as a civil rights lawyer as well as his time on the court. Marshall also offered a tip to the newcomer: treat the other justices like a family, where ideological differences do not amount to personal differences.

 * "Introduction to Marshall ... with Marshall doing all the talking" — their first and, AFAIK, only meeting, and not a conversation. Space4Time3Continuum2x  (talk) 11:44, 5 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppenheimer/Trinity test. Similar story — the image of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon ever in a long section about the detonation of the device designed by Oppenheimer is relevant. Image of the library at a school Thomas attended? Not so much. Space4Time3Continuum2x  (talk) 12:49, 5 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Not at all. An image illustrating the place where Thomas gained his formative education as a student for multiple years is, by that same standard, notable. GuardianH (talk) 15:08, 5 October 2023 (UTC)
 * @Space4Time3Continuum2x Also, if the FA examples weren't convincing enough for you, check out David Kelly (weapons expert), which irrefutably has an image in the education section that is pretty much the same as the image I added. GuardianH (talk) 15:14, 5 October 2023 (UTC)
 * , that's not an image of the library at Linacre College, it's an image of the college itself, i.e, it's main entrance, according to the file's name. The section mentions that he was a student at the college. Thomas's education section says that he attended Holy Cross from his sophomore to his senior year and obtained a BA. It doesn't mention him studying at the library, and why would it? It's a given when you're a student at the college. Fenwick Hall, "the college's flagship building", according to the caption of the image at College of the Holy Cross, would be more appropriate. Space4Time3Continuum2x  (talk) 13:33, 7 October 2023 (UTC)
 * @Space4Time3Continuum2x Notice now that you are changing your argument — you first favored removing the image, now you say that an image of the college's flagship building is appropriate.
 * You are doing an incredible amount of hair-splitting in your above message. Thomas was a student at the college, he studied in the library, and not just per your own comment (It's a given when you're a student at the college); the article does mention him studying at the college in the caption. The bottom line is that the college's library is an appropriate representation of the college, and so it is a due illustration. GuardianH (talk) 19:45, 7 October 2023 (UTC)
 * , I’m Amy, you’re Tom, and why do you keep dragging the library and the purported precedents to justify adding the library image into this discussion of an image of Thurgood Marshall and mention of Marshall in the nomination section? When I added an actual source connecting Marshall to the nomination via the televised hearings, you reverted it, saying that "section details his nomination to the supreme court, not what Marshall thought of it". By your reasoning, the picture of Thomas's predecessor is DUE in a section detailing Thomas's nomination, and so is a caption with details about Marshall's retirement and "giv[ing] advice to Thomas after his confirmation" (presumably also based on a primary source quoted somewhere) but the quote of Marshall voicing an opinion on Thomas's qualification for the job to a reliable witness while Marshall is watching the hearings is UNDUE? (BTW, that was an appropriate use of a primary source, a quote cited in a reliable secondary source with proper attribution.) Space4Time3Continuum2x  (talk) 12:43, 8 October 2023 (UTC)
 * ...why do you keep dragging the library and the purported precedents to justify adding the library image into this discussion of an image of Thurgood Marshall and mention of Marshall in the nomination section — Actually, you have it backwards – you were the one who brought it back. Check your message on 5 October 15:14. "Similar story — the image of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon ever in a long section about the detonation of the device designed by Oppenheimer is relevant. Image of the library at a school Thomas attended? Not so much." I was responding to that.
 * Once again, I never doubted the reliability of the said source. The problem is that it is pretty obviously WP:UNDUE; the entire passage doesn't have anything dedicated to Marshall's opinion, or the opinion of any legal figure for that matter. It's especially out of place to lazily taper this quote about Marshall criticizing Thomas at the end of the first section, where it is obviously also out of place on the section chronology. If we had a part for primary stuff dedicated to the opinions of [X] figure, it would be a soapbox for Thomas hagiographies by supporters and a soapbox of polemics by his critics. GuardianH (talk) 23:27, 9 October 2023 (UTC)

you were the one who brought it back — I was replying to your message at 16.27 20.27, 4 Oct 2023 (UTC) (that's 16:27 EDT). I replied at 11:44, 5 October 2023 (UTC) (9:44 EDT) and 12:49, 5 October 2023 (UTC) (8:49 EDT). 5 October 15:14: that's your edit.

obviously undue: you made it relevant and due by adding the picture of Thomas's predecessor, with a caption that you have to drag in by the hair and pound into submission to claim it's based on the sources. None of the other current SC justices sport a picture of their respective predecessor on their WP page, although Ketanji_Brown_Jackson's page has a picture of her and her predecessor smiling into the camera, no dragging or pounding required there. Space4Time3Continuum2x (cowabunga)  12:59, 10 October 2023 (UTC) Fixed typo (UTC timestamp). Space4Time3Continuum2x (cowabunga)  19:32, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

 * I didn't have to do any dragging or pounding for the caption — or any wailing for that matter. An image doesn't necessitate the views of a subject in the same manner that an image of a building doesn't necessitate a clause about its architecture. See WP:OTHER, the only articles worth comparison are FAs, since they are used as examples for other articles. It doesn't have to be a strictly legal article, there are a number of FAs that have an image of a subject's predecessor in the same manner as this one. Like I said, it is probably one of the oldest editing gimmicks out there in terms of imagery, much in the same way as the library image. GuardianH (talk) 18:08, 10 October 2023 (UTC)::
 * Unarchived, discussion to be continued — considering RfC. Space4Time3Continuum2x  (cowabunga)  15:04, 9 November 2023 (UTC)
 * The only FA you mentioned is that of Matthew Quay which has an image not of his predecessor in office but images of Simon Coleman Simon Cameron and his son J. Donald Cameron. Quay, for almost two decades, worked for and worked with closely with Simon Coleman Cameron and worked closely with J. Donald Cameron. He eventually "eclipse[d] Don Cameron as Pennsylvania's Republican political boss", hardly an official title. Marshall did not have any kind of working or other relationship with Thomas. Thomas paid all SC justices the customary courtesy visit after he had been administered the judicial oath. Thomas himself wrote about the encounter in "My grandfather's son": What was supposed to have been a brief courtesy call on Justice Marshall ballooned into a two-and-a-half-hour visit, and I loved every minute of it. He regaled me with tales of his long, remarkable careeras a civil rights lawyer. "I would have been shoulder-to-shoulder with you back then—if I'd have the courage," I said. "I did in my time what I had to do," Justice Marshall replied. "You have to do in your time what you have to do." Those words have stayed with me, too. This is trivial, while the caption (Marshall would later give advice to Thomas after the confirmation.) sounds as though Marshall was a mentor to Thomas. And neither Foskett nor Greenburg were in the room with Marshall, so their writing is based on Thomas's account. It's as much WP:PRIMARYNEWS as Marshall's opinion of Thomas, as recounted by his friend William Thaddeus Coleman Jr. to Marshall biographer Williams. Space4Time3Continuum2x  (cowabunga)  15:43, 12 November 2023 (UTC) Fixed Wikilink error (replaces incorrect name Simon Coleman with correct name Simon Cameron).  Space4Time3Continuum2x  (cowabunga)  19:17, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
 * And neither Foskett nor Greenburg were in the room with Marshall, so their writing is based on Thomas's account. Is there any actual evidence for this? Your synths of material regarding Greenburg and Foskett in making such a conclusion is WP:NOR until actually verifiable by either of them. Like I said previously, we can't make such assumptions as we weren't in the room when they were writing their books. Without any explicit evidence, this is clearly original research on your part and a wild misconclusion. GuardianH (talk) 19:21, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

In popular culture - John Oliver addition
In the popular culture section of this entry there should be a new bullet point along the lines of:

- On February 18, 2024 Clarence Thomas was offered 1 million USD a year from actor John Oliver to sign a contract and step down from the supreme court.

Sources: - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GE-VJrdHMug Jzkhockey (talk) 20:03, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

 * The YouTube video won't work (primary source and all that), but there's plenty of secondary sourcing available, such as:
 * —Locke Cole • t • c 00:54, 9 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @GuardianH removed a link to the main article discussing the piece John Oliver did (it was a section link) claiming WP:EGG was somehow applicable. I'm not seeing the issue? —Locke Cole • t • c 04:06, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Oh, the link you provided went to the John Oliver Show under Supreme Court (referencing the Supreme Court as a whole), so I assumed that there was other material on the Supreme Court for Oliver under the section, but I just checked and there's just the Thomas event. It might be better renamed "Clarence Thomas wager" or something like that. GuardianH (talk) 04:45, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
 * So is it safe to relink to the section? —Locke Cole • t • c 19:58, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Yep GuardianH (talk) 19:31, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Yep GuardianH (talk) 19:31, 11 March 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 April 2024
Change "In Hudson v. McMillian, a prisoner had been beaten, sustaining a cracked lip, broken dental plate, loosened teeth, cuts, and bruises." to "In Hudson v. McMillian, a prisoner had been beaten by respondent prison guards, sustaining a cracked lip, broken dental plate, loosened teeth, cuts, and bruises," to clarify the nature of the beating and mirror the language in Hudson v. McMillian. FinallyTheresSun (talk) 21:51, 11 April 2024 (UTC)

✅ PianoDan (talk) 18:18, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

Add NYT article re Recusal of Judges - or Not?
Added text/ref (5/29/2024) to main article - then reverted - seemed relevant - Worth considering adding after all - or Not? - Comments Welcome from other editors - in any case - Stay Safe amd Healthy !! - Drbogdan (talk) 10:33, 30 May 2024 (UTC) Drbogdan (talk) 10:33, 30 May 2024 (UTC)

Recent edit by GuardianH
This edit:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarence_Thomas&diff=prev&oldid=1229153723

--> and the removal of content, it may be for simplicity? But GuardianH says that the information is already included in previous paragraph, however, it is not!

Could some of the removed info can be reintroduced? Thank you everyone! 72.14.126.252 (talk) 01:29, 18 June 2024 (UTC)

more undisclosed gifts and vacations paid for by donors!
Just saw this article:

https://www.thedailybeast.com/clarence-thomas-accepted-yacht-trip-to-russia-chopper-flight-to-putins-hometown-democrats

 * Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas has been accused of not disclosing a yacht trip to Russia and a private helicopter flight to a palace in President Vladimir Putin’s hometown, among a slew of other gifts and loans from businessman Harlan Crow.

 * Buried on page 14 of a letter that two Democratic senators sent to Attorney General Merrick Garland on Tuesday, in which they urged Garland to appoint a special counsel to probe Thomas, was an astonishing list of dozens of “likely undisclosed gifts and income” from Crow, Crow’s affiliated companies, and “other donors.”

 * In the letter, Sens. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) and Ron Wyden (D-OR) said Thomas, one of the court’s staunchly conservative justices, even may have committed tax fraud and violated other federal laws by “secretly” accepting the gifts and income potentially worth millions.

Probably some of this should be included on the Wikipedia article, right? Or maybe there should even be a new article about all of the sketchy relationships and financial dealings that Thomas has with wealthy elites and billionaires etc? 72.14.126.22 (talk) 13:26, 11 July 2024 (UTC)

 * easier to make a list of billionaires he HASN'T take gifts from. 2A02:2454:9976:7200:D5C5:56D0:E103:627A (talk) 16:20, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clarence Thomas


text:
Jack Burns

John Francis Burns (November 15, 1933 – January 27, 2020) was an American comedian, actor, voice actor, writer and producer. During the 1960s, he was part of two comedy partnerships, first with George Carlin and later with Avery Schreiber. He is also known for his short stint as Warren Ferguson, Barney Fife's replacement on The Andy Griffith Show in 1965. By the 1970s, he had transitioned to working behind the camera as a writer and producer on such comedy series as The Muppet Show and Hee Haw.

Biography
Burns enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1952 but soon realized that he did not want to be in the military: "the first week of boot camp changed my mind." He served in Korea, rose to the rank of sergeant and was discharged around 1954.

Burns began his comedy career in 1959 when he partnered with George Carlin; both were working for radio station KXOL in Fort Worth, Texas. After successful performances at a Fort Worth beat coffeehouse, The Cellar, Burns and Carlin headed for California in February 1960 and continued to work together for two more years. An album containing some of their material was released in 1963 titled Burns and Carlin at the Playboy Club Tonight.

Burns teamed with Avery Schreiber, whom he met when they were both members of The Second City, to form a comedy and improv troupe based in Chicago. Burns and Schreiber were best known for a series of routines in which Burns played a talkative taxicab passenger, with Schreiber as the driver. During the summer of 1973, they appeared on the ABC variety series The Burns and Schreiber Comedy Hour.

During the first half of the 1965–1966 season of The Andy Griffith Show, in an attempt to replace the Barney Fife character after Don Knotts left the show, Burns was cast as Warren Ferguson, a dedicated but inept deputy sheriff. Warren possessed some of the same qualities as Barney which irritated Andy but without the chemistry. His character was not popular and was dropped after 11 appearances.

In 1967, he was cast as Candy Butcher in The Night They Raided Minsky's. In 1971, he was cast as Mr. Kelly in The Partridge Family episode "Dora, Dora, Dora”. He voiced the character of Ralph Kane in the short-lived syndicated primetime cartoon Wait Till Your Father Gets Home. He became the head writer for the first season of Hee Haw and The Muppet Show. Schreiber appeared on an episode with The Muppet Show during the first season. Burns also cowrote The Muppet Movie (with Jerry Juhl, his successor as head writer of The Muppet Show). He hosted a 1977 episode of NBC's Saturday Night Live.

In the early 1980s, Burns became a writer, announcer and occasional performer on the ABC sketch comedy series Fridays. He and comedian Michael Richards were involved in a staged on-air fight with Andy Kaufman, later recreated in the Kaufman biopic Man on the Moon (with Kaufman's longtime friend Bob Zmuda portraying Burns).

Burns teamed with Lorenzo Music to provide the voices for a pair of crash-test dummies named Vince and Larry, in a series of Department of Transportation public-service announcements that promoted the use of seat belts. Distributed by the Ad Council, the advertising campaign ran from 1985 to 1998. In 1993, he starred in the animated series Animaniacs as the voice of Sid the Squid. Schreiber also appeared on the show as the voice of Beanie the Brain-Dead Bison. Burns was a guest voice in a 1999 episode of The Simpsons titled "Beyond Blunderdome”.

Burns learned he had pancreatic cancer in 2017. He died from respiratory failure on January 27, 2020, at age 86 at his home in Toluca Lake, California.

title: Jack Burns


text:
André Olbrich

André Olbrich (born 3 May 1967) is a German musician, best known as the co-founder and lead guitarist of power metal band Blind Guardian, in which he serves as one of the main composers with other founder Hansi Kürsch.

Olbrich was ranked number 76 out of 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of All Time by Guitar World. He is also ranked number 64 in Joel McIver's The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists. Olbrich's guitar work often reflects vocalist Hansi Kürsch's singing.

Olbrich's style is influenced by his favourite bands, which include Queen, Judas Priest, Metallica and Black Sabbath. Additionally, Olbrich relies heavily on staccato technique.

Equipment
Olbrich's gear
 * ESP Guitars Original Series Horizon Custom
 * 1) Body: Alder
 * 2) Neck: Maple (Neck-thru)
 * 3) Pickups: 2x EMG 81
 * 4) Floyd Rose Tremolo System
 * 5) 24 Jumbo Frets
 * 6) Original Jackson-style pointed headstock

 * ESP Guitars Original Series M-II Neck Thru
 * 1) Body: Alder with Maple Top
 * 2) Neck: Maple (Neck-thru)
 * 3) Pickups: 1x EMG 81 (bridge) 1x EMG SA (neck)
 * 4) Floyd Rose Tremolo System
 * 5) 24 Jumbo Frets

 * ESP Guitars Original Series Explorer Custom
 * 1) Body: Mahogany
 * 2) Neck: Maple (Neck-thru)
 * 3) Pickups: 2x EMG 81
 * 4) Floyd Rose Tremolo System
 * 5) 24 Jumbo Frets

 * Ovation Guitar Legend
 * 1) Strings: D'Addario .010 - .046
 * 2) Picks: Jim Dunlop Nylon 1 MM
 * Amp: Engl Straight
 * 1) Cabinets: 2x Marshall 1960 ( A & B )

He is believed to use Marshall amps for his distortion/lead riffs:
 * Amplification
 * 1) Marshall JCM 900 Dual Reverb
 * 2) Marshall TSL 60 (Triple Super Lead)
 * 3) Marshall cabinets 4x12 (with Celestion V30 speakers)

 * Rack
 * 1) ENGL savage
 * 2) Furman Powerconditioner
 * 3) Shure LX Wireless System
 * 4) Rocktron Patchmate
 * 5) Yamaha SPX 990
 * 6) Ibanez Tubescreamer
 * 7) Hughes & Kettner "Red Box" Pro
 * 8) Morley Power Wah
 * 9) Dunlop crybaby 535q (used during A Twist In The Myth tour)
 * 10) Boss AC2 Acoustic Simulator

Trivia
In 2020, Russian malacologist Alexander Fedosov named four new species of Clavus canalicularis mollusk in honour of four rock guitarists. One of them, Clavus andreolbrichi, was named in honour of Andre Olbrich.

title: André Olbrich


text:
Call control

In telephony, call control refers to the software within a telephone switch that supplies its central function. Call control decodes addressing information and routes telephone calls from one end point to another. It also creates the features that can be used to adapt standard switch operation to the needs of users. These are called supplementary services and are commonly invoked by a Vertical service code. Examples include "Call waiting", "Call forward on busy" etc.

Call control software, because of its central place in the operation of the telephone network, is marked by both complexity and reliability. Call control systems will typically require many thousands of person years in development. They will contain millions of lines of high level code. However they must and do meet reliability requirements that specify switch down time of only a few minutes in forty years.

The required functionality and reliability of call control is a major challenge for Voice over IP (VoIP) systems. VoIP systems are based on Internet standards and technology which have not previously attempted to satisfy such complex and demanding requirements as those that specify call control.

An alternative name often used is call processing.

In a VoIP network, call control is one of three major categories of communications traffic, the other two being call signaling and media communications. Call control uses Q.931, a connection protocol for digital networks, especially VoIP systems. Messages are transmitted as octets as specified in ITU H.245, which resolves the type of call media to be used (for example, conventional call, videoconferencing, or VoIP), and then manages the connection after it has been established. Call control functions include, but are not limited to, the determination of master/slave status for the endpoints, monitoring of the status of the endpoints, modification of the parameters of a connection, termination of a connection, and restarting a terminated or failed connection.

title: Call control


text:
Bill Staines

William Russell Staines (February 6, 1947 – December 5, 2021) was an American folk musician and singer-songwriter from New Hampshire who wrote and performed songs with a wide array of subjects. Called "the Woody Guthrie of my generation" by singer-songwriter Nanci Griffith, he also wrote and recorded children's songs.

Life and career
Staines was born on February 6, 1947, and raised in Lexington, Massachusetts. He began his professional career in the early 1960s in the Cambridge area. He began touring nationwide a few years later. In 1975, he won the National Yodeling Championship at the Kerrville Folk Festival in Texas. He performed about 200 times a year and appeared on A Prairie Home Companion, Mountain Stage, and The Good Evening Show.

Staines's songs include "Bridges", "Crossing the Water", "Sweet Wyoming Home", "The Roseville Fair", "A Place in the Choir", "Child of Mine", and "River". They have been recorded by many other artists, including Peter, Paul and Mary, Makem and Clancy, Nanci Griffith, Mason Williams, The Highwaymen, Glenn Yarbrough, Skip Jones, Jerry Jeff Walker, Schooner Fare, Grandpa Jones, The Grace Family, Hank Cramer, Wendy M. Grossman, and Priscilla Herdman. He recorded 22 albums, 15 of which were still in print as of 2005. Staines's songs have been published in four songbooks: If I Were a Word, Then I'd Be a Song (1980); River; Music to Me: The Songs of Bill Staines; and All God's Critters Got a Place in the Choir.

His memoir, The Tour: A Life Between the Lines, was published in 2004.

In popular culture
Staines's song "The Logging Song", from the album Whistle of the Jay, was featured in "Lumberjerk", episode 12 of season 16 of American Dad.

His rendition of The Fox featured on the end credits of episode four of the second season of Deadwood.

Personal
Staines lived in Rollinsford, New Hampshire, with his wife, Karen; his son, Bowen, a folk singer, and their springer spaniel, Andy, who appeared on the cover of his album Old Dogs.

Staines died from prostate cancer on December 5, 2021, at the age of 74.

Discography
All references from the Acoustic Music Bill Staines Discography except when noted.

 * A Bag of Rainbows (1966)
 * Somebody Blue (1967)
 * Bill Staines (1971)
 * ''Third Time Around (1973)
 * Miles (1975)
 * Old Wood and Winter Wine (1977) with Guy Van Duser
 * Just Play One Tune More (1977)
 * Whistle of the Jay (1979)
 * Bill Staines Live at the Coffeehouse Extemporé (1980)
 * Rodeo Rose (1981)
 * Sandstone Cathedrals (1983)
 * Bridges (1984)
 * Wild, Wild Heart (1985)
 * Redbird's Wing (1988)
 * The First Million Miles (1989)
 * Tracks & Trails (1991)
 * The Happy Wanderer (1993)
 * Going to the West (1993)
 * The Alaska Suite (1993)
 * Looking for the Wind (1995)
 * One More River (1998)
 * The First Million Miles, Vol. 2 (1998)
 * October's Hill (2000)
 * Journey Home (2004)
 * The Second Million Miles (2005)
 * Old Dogs (2007)
 * Beneath Some Lucky Star (2012)

title: Bill Staines


text:
Talk:Eustasy

Relative sea level change
Wikipedia text "When the term "relative" is used, it connotes change that is not attributed to any specific cause" reflects a misconception I believe. --Wetman 02:50, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I suspect that statement is following the pattern of the other definitions here. They all look like terms which may precede "sea level change".  I think the author of that sentence was referring to "relative sea level change" meaning merely that a measurement showed a change but the cause of the change has not been identified.  I suggest you separate that definition in its own paragraph and explain it. -- SEWilco 05:01, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * A note about "scare quotes": In the phrase "When the term "relative" is used..." "relative" is not being enclosed in "scare quotes," as public Junior High teachers call them. The quotes apply to the fact that the term is being referred to as a word rather than in its signicance. No need to delete the "scare quotes," when you are repeating the words of another, either.  --Wetman 06:29, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, awkward meaning. I was replacing quotations around defined words with Wiki emphasis (bold), following the suggested style for definition of terms.  But that's all look and no substance.  -- SEWilco 07:59, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Merge with sea level rise?
If this gets beyond a dicdef it will surely duplicate (at least part of) sea level rise. What should the relationship between the two articles be? Should eustasy just be merged? Rd232 6 July 2005 22:40 (UTC)

 * Here's an idea. This "Eustasy" is a back-formation from eustatic sea level as opposed to isostatic sea level...The whole subject needs a center. I think the article Sea level expresses the central idea in its title and that it should be enlarged to make a big trunk article, discussing, at least briefly, all the permutations of "sea level" That article already has a subsection "Sea level changes through time'. Sea level rise and Sea level fall belong together at "Sea level change", with a concise version at Sea level, under a Main article at... header. Let's start forming concise versions of each of these articles and just stick them together following some sensible sequence, in a central "trunk" article. --Wetman 6 July 2005 23:29 (UTC)

This article has been transwikied to Wiktionary. Kcordina Talk 15:34, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eustasy


text:
Cryptogramophone Records

Cryptogramophone Records is a jazz record label formed in 1998 by violinist Jeff Gauthier to document the music of his friend, Eric von Essen.

Cryptogramophone has released albums by such West Coast musicians as guitarist Nels Cline, drummer Alex Cline, bassists Darek Oles and Steuart Liebig, drummer Scott Amendola, guitarist G. E. Stinson, trombonist Scot Ray, pianist Don Preston and Gauthier himself. In addition, Cryptogramophone has recorded New York City musicians Mark Dresser and Erik Friedlander.

title: Cryptogramophone Records


text:
Gaydar (website)

Gaydar is a profile-based dating website for gay and bisexual men.

History
The Gaydar website, built initially for desktop only, was created as a tool to connect gay and bisexual men all over the world for friendships, hook-ups, dating and relationships. Users create a personal 'member' profile, which is then used to interact and contact other registered members.

It was founded in 1999 in Cape Town, South Africa, by London-based South Africans Gary Frisch and his partner Henry Badenhorst, after a friend complained that he was too busy to look for a new boyfriend. The initial idea was based upon a then current concept of a corporate intranet that was in development under the codename "RADAR" (Rapid Access And Deployment Resource) for a prominent South African advertising conglomerate by programmers Ian Van Schalkwyk and Stephen Hadden. The site was launched in November 1999.

In May 2007, Henry Badenhorst was named by the Independent on Sunday Pink List as the fourth most influential gay person in Britain, down from third place the previous year.

In 2009, Gaydar expanded into the app market, releasing its iOS and Android app as available to download from the Apple App Store and Google Play.

In May 2013, it was announced that the site had been sold to Charlie Parsons, the creator of Channel 4's The Big Breakfast.

In 2017, Gaydar relaunched its site, app and brand.

Registration
Registered users are able to browse through online lists of users who are logged into the site at that time, or through lists of all active profiles. Users can send messages to each other and participate in chat rooms, which — except for the Australian and Irish chat rooms — tend to be dominated by UK users. Users can upgrade to a premium account to access Gaydar VIP, which offers more features and privileges. Members may add more photos into an 'album' attached to their profile that are viewable by other members. Guests face other site restrictions, such as a daily limit of 8 messages that they can send and 25 profiles that they can view, and a limit on number of chat rooms accessible at the same time. Guests cannot view archives of sent messages, and cannot use the friends list and do not have access to all search options. About a third of users are members.

Profiles
Profiles typically include standard information on age, location, physical features, sexual predilections, hobbies, and pastimes. Profiles usually include a free format description about their owner and what they seek in a partner. There is provision for profile owners to upload a number of photographs, typically of themselves — one as the 'main photo', several as 'secondary photos', and several more as 'private photos' that can be sent as attachments to private messages.

Controversy and criticisms
Critics allege that it facilitates barebacking (anal intercourse without a condom), though this criticism is potentially true of any dating site.

Media attention was drawn in 2003 when the website was used by Labour Party MP Chris Bryant, and in 2006, when married Liberal Democrat leadership candidate Mark Oaten used it to find gay sexual partners.

Deaths of co-founders
The chairman and co-founder of Gaydar, Gary Frisch died unexpectedly at his home in London on 11 February 2007, aged 38 years. A verdict of misadventure was recorded by Paul Knapman, the coroner at the inquest. A pathologist, Peter Wilkins, said ketamine was found in Frisch's blood and liver. On 11 November 2017, co-founder Henry Badenhorst died unexpectedly at the age of 51. He was reported to have taken his own life.

title: Gaydar (website)


text:
Talk:USS San Francisco (CA-38)

This message official begins the talk page for the "USS San Francisco." CW2 John Garvey, Historian/Writer, California State Military Reserve.

Interpretation
The article states:

 * The next day, the missing plane was sighted by Minneapolis and recovered by San Francisco. It had landed on the water, but had been unable to communicate. The pilot, Lt. J. A. Thomas, and the radioman, RMS 0. J. Gannan, had headed for Australia, sailing the plane backwards as it tended to head into the prevailing east wind. In five days and 21 hours, they had covered approximately 385 miles on a course within 5'/r of that intended.

Were they headed for Australia, the continent? The use of italics is ambiguous here. Also what does "5'/r" mean? --Yath 00:21, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup
Could this article use some sort of sections system, or maybe a timeline of some sort? It is very long and could use some better organization. I don't know how one would go about making this a timeline sort of thing, but that would be my approach. J. Finkelstein 21:41, 8 March 200

"Attack" on Atlanta
I'm very interested in the statements about SF shooting at Atlanta, and I'm wondering where I can find the full story. Several books are listed as references here that I have not read, and the lack of inline citations makes it impossible to know which one(s) contain the story. I checked the Atlanta page, and the same story is there, with additional detail (19 hits), and the only reference for the entire page is DANFS. Checked that, and sure enough, the same material is there, but of course without citations. Then I checked the San Francisco DANFS entry and it mentions targeting a small cruiser about that time, but does not mention hitting Atlanta. This sounds a lot like Morison's account, which talks about hitting the Atlanta as a possibility, based on the admiral ceasing fire for unexplained reasons, a footnoted account about the dye, and a statement by someone else that the Atlanta may have not targeted but merely in the way while San Francisco was shooting at something else. Maybe there are other cases of friendly fire just as or more horrific than this one, but this one strikes me as pretty significant and I'd like to know more about it.Busaccsb (talk) 20:53, 29 November 2010 (UTC)

CL/CA-38
If CL is correct, should be explained. I would delete "CL/". 151.29.138.86 (talk) 22:12, 5 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:USS San Francisco (CA-38)