text:
Tornado code

In coding theory, Tornado codes are a class of erasure codes that support error correction. Tornado codes require a constant C more redundant blocks than the more data-efficient Reed–Solomon erasure codes, but are much faster to generate and can fix erasures faster. Software-based implementations of tornado codes are about 100 times faster on small lengths and about 10,000 times faster on larger lengths than Reed–Solomon erasure codes. Since the introduction of Tornado codes, many other similar erasure codes have emerged, most notably Online codes, LT codes and Raptor codes.

Tornado codes use a layered approach. All layers except the last use an LDPC error correction code, which is fast but has a chance of failure. The final layer uses a Reed–Solomon correction code, which is slower but is optimal in terms of failure recovery. Tornado codes dictates how many levels, how many recovery blocks in each level, and the distribution used to generate blocks for the non-final layers.

Overview
The input data is divided into blocks. Blocks are sequences of bits that are all the same size. Recovery data uses the same block size as the input data. The erasure of a block (input or recovery) is detected by some other means. (For example, a block from disk does not pass a CRC check or a network packet with a given sequence number never arrived.)

The number of recovery blocks is given by the user. Then the number of levels is determined along with the number of blocks in each level. The number in each level is determined by a factor B which is less than one. If there are N input blocks, the first recovery level has B*N blocks, the second has B×B×N, the third has B×B×B×N, and so on.

All levels of recovery except the final one use an LDPC, which works by xor (exclusive-or). Xor operates on binary values, 1s and 0s. A xor B is 1 if A and B have different values and 0 if A and B have the same values. If you are given result of (A xor B) and A, you can determine the value for B. (A xor B xor A = B)   Similarly, if you are given result of (A xor B) and B, you can determine the value for A.  This extends to multiple values, so given result of (A xor B xor C xor D) and any 3 of the values, the missing value can be recovered.

So the recovery blocks in level one are just the xor of some set of input blocks. Similarly, the recovery blocks in level two are each the xor of some set of blocks in level one. The blocks used in the xor are chosen randomly, without repetition. However, the number of blocks xor'ed to make a recovery block is chosen from a very specific distribution for each level.

Since xor is a fast operation and the recovery blocks are an xor of only a subset of the blocks in the input (or at a lower recovery level), the recovery blocks can be generated quickly.

The final level is a Reed–Solomon code. Reed–Solomon codes are optimal in terms of recovering from failures, but slow to generate and recover. Since each level has fewer blocks than the one before, the Reed–Solomon code has a small number of recovery blocks to generate and to use in recovery. So, even though Reed–Solomon is slow, it only has a small amount of data to handle.

During recovery, the Reed–Solomon code is recovered first. This is guaranteed to work if the number of missing blocks in the next-to-final level is less than the present blocks in the final level.

Going lower, the LDPC (xor) recovery level can be used to recover the level beneath it with high probability if all the recovery blocks are present and the level beneath is missing at most C' fewer blocks than the recovery level. The algorithm for recovery is to find some recovery block that has only one of its generating set missing from the lower level. Then the xor of the recovery block with all of the blocks that are present is equal to the missing block.

Patent issues
Tornado codes were formerly patented inside the United States of America. Patents US6163870 A (filed Nov 6, 1997) and US 6081909 A (filed Nov 6, 1997) describe Tornado codes, and have expired as of November 6, 2017. Patents US6307487 B1 (filed Feb 5, 1999) and US6320520 B1 (filed Sep 17, 1999) also mention Tornado codes, and have expired as of February 5, 2019, and September 17, 2019, respectively.

title: Tornado code


text:
User talk:Localperson118

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Localperson118


text:
User talk:Thv

From Jacob grace
I am confused about where to leave my message so that you, Thv, can read the message directly after I read both your user page and user talk. Therefore, I choice to leave it here.

Thank you for telling me about the writing style. In fact, that is just one of my questions: why HTML do not support that and so few textbooks use that. Now I realize the reason is that it not a formal style. Thank you. Jacob grace 13:41, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

uatx
Hi Thv! I didn't even know the u was supposed to be a µ! I added uatx to the article text because I ran into uatx in a specification and didn't know what it was. So I did a search for uatx through wikipedia and came up empty. Eventually, I figured it out so I added the term to the article. Now that it is µatx, anyone doing the same search as me will come up empty. Any thoughts on how we can get a uatx search to point to the right article? --Steven Fisher 06:37, 4 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, the redirect is a perfect solution. :) --Steven Fisher 07:03, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

CJTyers
Many thanks for wikifying-the entry needed it!Eric A. Warbuton 06:57, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Targum
Thank you for your interest in. I recently reverted a rather POV contribution on the relationship between Targumim and Peshitta. This fringe theory was added as if it were agreed by mainstream scholars, so I reverted it. I noticed that you then reverted my edit as a deletion. I shall return the article to an acceptable state. If you are unsure about the correctness of either version of the article, please use the article's talk page. --Gareth Hughes 13:30, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Rousette Skating ??
Hi Thv

A while back you added Rousette Skating to the Ice Skating article (in fact it was you 4th edit). I would like to try add more detail. I tried googleing for it - but all I get are mirrors of the wikipedia article :-( Can you point me to some more details.

(Please reply here: Talk:Ice_skating)

Gary van der Merwe 18:51, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Neo1973 or Neo 1973
Hi! Yesterday I moved the article Neo1973 to Neo 1973 which I think is the correct title. I'm sorry for not giving any reasons, but I thought this title was obviously the correct one. As I found out today it's not really that obvious. Many pages in the Openmoko Wiki still use the outdated name Neo1973. However, this name is not correct anymore as it was changed in February 2008. The Editing Guidelines of Openmoko wiki now state that Neo 1973 is the correct name. It's the same at the official website at openmoko.com: See and

May I change the name to Neo 1973 again? --Galadh (talk) 13:18, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

 * You seem to be right on this. I just checked the openmoko wiki where it mostly refers as Neo1973, but after reading style guide and newest press material from your links I stand corrected. I actually moved already the page back, but please help fixing references with old name. --Thv (talk) 07:58, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for understanding! I have now changed the name to Neo 1973 in all articles where I could find it. --Galadh (talk) 09:18, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

Wikimania 2010 could be coming to Stockholm!
I'm leaving you a note as you may be interested in this opportunity.

People from all six Nordic Wiki-communities (sv, no, nn, fi, da and is) are coordinating a bid for Wikimania 2010 in Stockholm. I'm sending you a message to let you know that this is occurring, and over the next few months we're looking for community support to make sure this happens! See the bid page on meta and if you like such an idea, please sign the "supporters" list at the bottom. Tack (or takk), and have a wonderful day! Mike H. Fierce! 10:56, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Note for SUL process
Hello, I confirm that I'd like to usurp de:User:Thv and sv:User:Thv. --Thv (talk) 09:37, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Thv! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 2 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 21:37, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Karen Koning AbuZayd -
 * 2) Richard Ben Cramer -

OSCI
Hi! I know it's been years. But in this revision what is "OSCI"? Thanks WhisperToMe (talk) 06:34, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Hi! I hope you find the page now better, including changes in Open SystemC Initiative, which redirects to Accellera.--Thv (talk) 07:59, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I disambigged OSCI WhisperToMe (talk) 09:33, 13 April 2012 (UTC)

A page you started has been reviewed!
Thanks for creating D.Phone, Thv!

Wikipedia editor Jorgath just reviewed your page, and wrote this note for you:

"This article, while notable, is not very long. Please consider expanding it and adding more references."

To reply, leave a comment on Jorgath's talk page.

Learn more about page curation.

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Proposed deletion of Seppo Säynäjäkangas

The article Seppo Säynäjäkangas has been proposed for deletion because it appears to have no references. Under Wikipedia policy, this biography of a living person will be deleted unless it has at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article.

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Proposed deletion of Secure User Plane Location

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System testing
Your help is needed. Will you help steer the direction of this article that you have contributed to? See discussion at Talk:System_testing Stephen Charles Thompson (talk) 22:45, 19 October 2018 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Rousette skating

A tag has been placed on Rousette skating requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about an organized event (tour, function, meeting, party, etc.) that does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

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title: User talk:Thv


text:
Marble Hall

Marble Hall is a town in the south of the Limpopo province of South Africa. It was formerly in Mpumalanga province.

Marble Hall is a village 26 km north-west of Groblersdal and 96 km south-south-east of Mokopane on the N11 National Route. Laid out in 1942 and proclaimed a township in January 1945, it owes its development to the Marble Lime Mine. Its name is said to be an adaptation of ‘marble hole’, where fifteen varieties of marble occur.

History
While on a hunting expedition from Bethlehem, Matthew Greeff and his dog discovered a hole containing marble in 1920. In 1929, the Marble Lime Company came in to work on the deposits and then, in 1942, a town was developed and known as Materhol (Afrikaans for Matthews Hole). Soon, the town's name was changed to Marble Hall.

title: Marble Hall


text:
Talk:Capital Manchester

untitled
This station is called also "Galaxy Manchester," and station logo on its website is not "Galaxy 102" any longer. If "Galaxy Manchester" is its current real station name, this article should be moved to "Galaxy Manchester," shouldn't it? Someone who knows the fact, please comment and edit the article. - TRIBESMAN 11:58, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The station name's been changed for a while, and on-air references to "Galaxy 102" are few and far between. Moved. Smileyrepublic 17:04, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Capital Manchester


text:
Aeropelican Air Services

Aeropelican Air Services Pty Ltd was a regional airline based in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Its main base was Newcastle Airport, with a hub at Sydney Airport.

History
Aeropelican Air Services was established on 23 October 1968 and started operations on 1 July 1971 with a Cessna 402. It originally was owned by the Newcastle based Hilder family, however in 1980 the airline was sold to Masling Airlines, a company associated with Ansett Australia. It operated services for Ansett Australia and later became a wholly owned subsidiary.

Aeropelican's main route was historically between Sydney and Belmont Airport in Newcastle's southern suburbs, with high frequency service using de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otters. Aeropelican originally owned this airport.

Following the collapse of parent company Ansett Australia in September 2001, Aeropelican was placed into administration. It was acquired by International Air Parts in April 2002. On 20 June 2003 the airline entered into a commercial agreement with Rex Airlines. Aeropelican commenced services from Sydney to Newcastle's main airport on 1 March 2004. An Embraer Bandeirante started services from Newcastle on 20 September 2004 to augment the two Twin Otters used before. In March 2005 the airline discontinued services from Belmont Airport. A Fairchild Metro 23 aircraft was also added to the fleet in 2005 and the Twin Otters were withdrawn. In 2006, three BAe Jetstream 32s were ordered, with plans to announce new services. In December 2006, Aeropelican was awarded the Sydney to Inverell route licence after the previous operator Big Sky Express ceased operations. After the first two Jetstream 32s were placed into service in 2007, the Metro was withdrawn from service. In December 2007 Aeropelican announced that, subject to regulatory approval, it would commence operations between Newcastle and Tamworth on 12 February 2008. The airline subsequently received regulatory approval from the Civil Aviation Safety Authority and commenced operations on the route, however the following September it ceased flights to Tamworth, citing poor passenger numbers on the route.

Also in 2008 International Air Parts sold the airline to Business Air Holdings.

Brindabella Airlines merger and demise
In October 2011, it was announced by Aeropelican's Chief Commercial Officer, Fabrice Binet, that Canberra-based regional operator Brindabella Airlines would merge with Aeropelican, following the withdrawal of Brindabella's majority shareholder. It was speculated that this merger would add two BAe Jetstream 41 and three Metroliner III turboprops to Aeropelican's fleet. Aeropelican did hint however, that at least one of the BAe Jetstream 41 turboprops would service the Sydney to Cooma-Snowy Mountains Airport route during the 2012 Ski Season. These flights ran from 8 June to 8 September in the 2012 ski season. The end of Aeropelican trading under its own name was 24 June 2013. The merger complete, all flights operated using Brindabella's designator FQ and the former Aeropelican fleet was to be rebranded.

Following a series of groundings of Brindabella's aircraft by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority due to overdue engine inspections and maintenance in November and December 2013, the airline was forced to suspend all flying operations, then was placed in receivership on 15 December.

On 23 December 2013 it was announced that most of the 140 employees would be retrenched, with a dozen kept on to maintain the aircraft.

The airline FlyPelican was formed by former Aeropelican staff using former Aeropelican aircraft.

Destinations
As of April 2012, scheduled services were operated on the following routes:

 * Sydney to Mudgee
 * Sydney to Narrabri
 * Sydney to Newcastle
 * Brisbane to Narrabri

Fleet
As of December 2012 the Aeropelican fleet consisted of:

 * 3 BAe Jetstream 32
 * 2 Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner
 * 3 Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante

FlyPelican
Some of the staff involved with Aeropelican formed FlyPelican in 2015, using former Aeropelican aircraft.

title: Aeropelican Air Services


text:
Talk:Cefixime

This is ridiculous ~ what has this tamilnadu designer got to do with the drug Cefixime?--Robbygay (talk) 00:22, 29 October 2010 (UTC) useless.... removed... what's it got to do with Cefixime

More History
Can someone fill out more of the history of cefixime in the United States? I remember when it was taken off the market in 2003 simply because the patent expired, they strategically removed it from the market so people would be forced to buy Omnicef, even though Suprax was the drug of choice. Then, another company in India started manufacturing the drug under the same name of Suprax - which I think might have been possible because the trademark use of the name Suprax expired. Now, if you buy Suprax, which company manufactures it?Beezer137 (talk) 19:56, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cefixime


text:
Margaret Milan

Margaret Milan is an accomplished Scottish-French businesswoman who founded the successful French educational toy mail order business Eveil & Jeux. A graduate of the University of Warwick and Harvard Business School and executive of Procter & Gamble in France, where she has worked for the entirety of her professional career. At P&G she worked in brand management for leading brands Ariel and Pampers.

She founded the Eveil & Jeux in 1989 from her house, employing mainly female staff, usually moms. The business grew substantially and in 1995 her husband Gilbert left his management consulting job to assist his wife. In December 1995, they raised venture capital funding of FF 5 million.

In 1998, the company reached €70 million in sales and two hundred permanent staff. In order to finance further growth, she sold 70% of the company to the French retail giant Pinault-Printemps-Redoute group. In 2001, she sold the remaining 30% of the company to the French retailer, with sales in excess of €100 million. She is now focused on running the Eveil & Jeux Foundation which funds educational projects in underprivileged communities and on encouraging French women to become involved in entrepreneurship through the Paris Professional Women's Network.

title: Margaret Milan


text:
File:Nu pogodi by vjacheslav kotenochkin.jpg

Pp8mkĺr

Summary
Screenshot of one of the earlier series of "Wolf and Rabbit", one of the most successful Soviet TV animation series, running from 1969 to 2006.

Used in the following articles:
 * History of Russian animation - to illustrate history of Russian animation

 * Soyuzmultfilm - to illustrate styles of the studio

 * Nu, pogodi! - to show an example scene from the film.

Directed by Vjacheslav Kotenochkin. Scanned from S. Asenin's book "Volshebniki Ekrana", 1973.


text:
Basa

Basa may refer to:

Agreements

 * Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement, between National Aviation Authority regulators

People

 * Basa (surname)
 * Bassa people (Cameroon), also spelled Basa, an ethnic group
 * Basa, leader and namesake of the Basingas, an Anglo-Saxon tribe

Languages

 * Basaa language, also spelled Basa, a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon
 * Basa languages, a cluster of Kainji languages spoken in Nigeria

Places

 * Basa River, Romania
 * Basa, Nepal, a village development committee
 * Basa, Sudan, a village
 * Basa Air Base, Floridablanca, Pampanga, Philippines

Organizations

 * British Atomic Scientists Association, founded in 1946
 * Black and Asian Studies Association, set up in London in 1991
 * BASA Film, the Afghanistan cinema club

Other uses

 * Basa (fish), a type of catfish
 * Basa (cicada)

title: Basa


text:
Ex-dividend date

The ex-dividend date (coinciding with the reinvestment date for shares held subject to a dividend reinvestment plan) is an investment term involving the timing of payment of dividends on stocks of corporations, income trusts, and other financial holdings, both publicly and privately held. The ex-date or ex-dividend date represents the date on or after which a security is traded without a previously declared dividend or distribution. The opening price on the ex-dividend date, in comparison to the previous closing price, can be expected to decrease by the amount of the dividend, although this change may be obscured by other influences on the stock's value.

A person purchasing a stock before its ex-dividend date, and holding the position before the market opens on the ex-dividend date, is by convention entitled to the dividend. A person purchasing a stock on its ex-dividend date or after will not receive the current dividend payment.

As far as the company registrar is concerned, to determine the ultimate eligibility for a dividend or distribution, the record date, not the ex-date, is relevant. Each shareholder entered in the shareholders' register at the record date is entitled to a dividend. Usually, the person owning the stock at the end of the trading day one business day before the ex-date is also the person registered in the shareholders register on the record date, because companies set the ex-date and record date of the dividend in line with the settlement cycle of the security.

However if, for whatever reason, a share transfer prior to the ex-dividend date is not recorded on the register in time, the seller will receive the dividend from the company but is then obligated to pay the dividend to the buyer.

Most developed financial markets such as the US, UK, Germany, France, etc. use a settlement cycle of T+2 for stocks. As a result, companies in these markets set the ex-date one business day before the record date of the dividend (example: ex-date Wednesday, record date Thursday: a security purchased on Tuesday will settle on Thursday; a person who bought the security on Tuesday bought one day before the ex-date and will be registered as shareholder on Thursday and hence be entitled to the dividend).

Background
Many publicly traded companies, and some privately held ones, pay dividends on their stock. Stock shares trade fluidly on public markets, so the ownership of the shares may change at the end of each trading day, and any given share may have a series of different owners over time. When declaring a dividend, a company will designate a record date for the dividend. The practical rules of the financial system determine precisely which of the owners will be entitled to receive the dividend payment: namely the owner of record, who owned the share(s) at the end of the trading day on the record date. The company thus resolves payment to the share owner identified on the company's share register as of the record date. Since the process of settlement involves some days of delay, stock exchanges set an earlier date, known as the ex-dividend date (typically the business day prior to the record date) to synchronize the time for this processing. Thus the key date for a stock purchase is the ex-dividend date: a purchase on that date (or after) will be ex (outside, without right to) the dividend.

If, for whatever reason, a share transfer prior to the ex-dividend date is not recorded on the register in time, the seller is obligated to repay the dividend to the buyer when he receives it.

In the United States, the IRS defines the ex-dividend date thus: "The ex-dividend date is the first date following the declaration of a dividend on which the purchaser of a stock is not entitled to receive the next dividend payment." The London Stock Exchange defines the term "ex" as "when a stock or dividend is issued by a company it is based upon an 'on register' or 'record date'. However, to create a level playing field when shares are traded on the London Stock Exchange during this benefit period an 'ex' date is set. Before this 'ex' date if shares are sold the selling party will need to pass on the benefit or dividend to the buying party."

Adjustment of Standing Orders
On some markets, after the close of business on the day before the ex-dividend date and before the market opens on the ex-dividend date, all open good-until-canceled limit, stop, and stop limit orders are automatically reduced by the amount of the dividend, except for orders that the customer indicated "do not reduce." This is done because the dividend payout will decrease the value of the company, as it comes directly from the company's reserves. At the market opening on the ex-dividend date, the stock will trade at a lower price, adjusted for the amount of the dividend paid. If a corporation is distributing something other than a cash dividend, such as rights or warrants, then the relevant date is called an ex rights date, or ex warrants date, etc.

United States
In the United States, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) stipulates the T+2 rule, that stock trades settle two business days after purchase. That time period was last shortened on September 5, 2017. The ex-dividend date is normally the business day (2 days minus 1) before the record date. For the purpose of calculating an ex-dividend date, business days are days on which both the major stock exchanges and the banks in New York State are open. Thus Columbus Day and Veterans Day are trading days, but not business days for calculating an ex-dividend date, since they are legal holidays and banks are not open.

If the record date is not a business day, then counting begins from the most recent business day instead of the actual record date. For instance, if the record date is Sunday, then the ex-dividend date is the preceding Thursday, not Friday — assuming no intervening holidays.

The ex-dividend date is usually the business day prior to the record date. To be a stockholder on the record date an investor must purchase the stock before the ex-dividend date. The latest date he can buy the stock to be a stockholder on record and be entitled to the dividend would be one day prior to the ex-dividend date to allow for the two stock trading day settlement of the stock purchase. If the investor purchases the stock the day before the ex-dividend date the investor would be a stockholder on the record date and would be entitled to receive the dividend payment.

An investor who wishes to be entitled to the dividend does not have to wait until after the record date to sell the stock; however, the investor must hold the stock until the ex-dividend date. If the investor were to sell the stock on the ex-dividend date or afterwards, the investor would still be entitled to the dividend payment. In this example, assuming that the investor purchased the stock one day before the ex-dividend date, the investor would be a stockholder on the record date. If the investor sells the stock on the ex-dividend date, the buyer of the stock would be a stockholder one day after the record date given the two stock business trading day settlement. The person that bought the stock would not be entitled to receive the dividend.

An investor only needs to own the stock for one day (the record date) to be entitled to receive the dividend payment. If the investor buys before the ex-dividend date, and sells on the ex-dividend date or after, the investor will receive the dividend payment. More precisely, the owner at the close of trading on the record date receives the dividend, since shares may be traded frequently and have a series of owners on any given single day.

Tax consequences
The ex-dividend date is also a factor in computing U.S. taxes that depend on holding periods. To receive favorable personal income tax rates on qualified dividends of a common stock, the stock must be held continuously for over 60 calendar days within the window of 121 calendar days centered on the ex-dividend date. Otherwise the dividend income is taxed at higher rates for ordinary income.

The ex-dividend date does not determine the tax year of the dividend income. The tax year of a dividend is determined by the payment date, which is typically a week or more after the ex-dividend date. However, if a mutual fund or real estate investment trust (REIT) declares a dividend in October, November, or December that is payable to shareholders of record on a date in one of those months but actually pays the dividend during January of the next calendar year, the dividend is considered to have been received for tax purposes on December 31 of the year it was declared.

Exceptions
Large distributions such as special dividends or stock splits involve different ex-dividend timing formulas than for regular dividends. For example, the Nasdaq market provides a different ex-dividend timing when distributions are 25 percent or more of a security's value.

Market regulators occasionally change the supervisory rules governing market trading, with the consequence of changing the ex-dividend date formulas. For example, in September 2017 the SEC shortened the T+3 rule to T+2 in U.S. securities markets, resulting in subsequent ex-dividend dates being a day later than they would have been before the change. Since such a rule transition creates a day with a possible confusion of which rule applies, companies are notified well in advance of the transition, and are directed to simply avoid choosing that specific day for paying dividends. Investors concerned with details of ex-dividend dates must also be aware of such rare changes to the trading system.

United Kingdom
For shares listed on the London Stock Exchange, the ex-dividend date is usually one business day before the record date. The ex-dividend date is almost always on a Thursday, and the associated record date is the Friday immediately following. Exceptions to this timetable are usually special dividends, and dividends provided by overseas issuers who only have a secondary listing on the London Stock Exchange. Before 9 October 2014, the ex-dividend date was usually two business days before the record date, i.e. typically Wednesdays.

title: Ex-dividend date


text:
User:Blainster

I consider myself a generalist, in the sense that my interests are quite broad. On the other hand, I have technical background in chemistry, industrial analytical instruments, and embedded software development. Other interests are consciousness research, the war (or dance as the case may be) between science and religion, and philosophy.

influences (classical): Heraclitus, Siddartha Gautama, Jesus, Plotinus, Pseudo-Dionysius, Spinoza

influences (modern): Emerson, William James, Henri Bergson, Alfred North Whitehead, Carl Jung, David Bohm, Arthur M. Young, Ken Wilber

location: Phoenix, Arizona

Handy links
 * Character formatting
 * Manual of Style: pronunciation
 * Template list; Unsigned, US patent, Bibleverse, Bverse, quotations, IPA, *Article stub list
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title: User:Blainster


text:
Culture of the Falkland Islands

The culture of the Falkland Islands is essentially analogous to that of British culture. The Falkland Islands have a large non-native-born population, mainly white and from England (and to a much lesser extent, other parts of the British Isles), but also from Saint Helena.

Language
The English language is used, mainly in its British English form. However, due to the isolation of the islands, the small population retains its own accent/dialect. In rural areas (i.e. anywhere outside Port Stanley), known as "Camp" (from Spanish campo, "countryside"), the Falkland accent tends to be stronger. The dialect has resemblances to Australian, New Zealand, West Country and Norfolk dialects of English, as well as Lowland Scots. Other notable Falkland island terms are the words "kelper" meaning a person who lives in the Falklands, etymologically, the term comes from the kelp surrounding the islands (although this term is sometimes considered pejorative); and "smoko" referring to a smoking break.

The official language of the Falkland Islands is English, and other spoken languages are Lowland Scots, Spanish (mostly spoken by Chileans, with some Spaniards and Argentines), French, Tagalog, and historically Yaghan.

Literature
Due to the low population of the islands, most of the literature of the islands has been written by outsiders, and is non-fiction. However some poetry has been written by Falklanders, including Ernest Spencer's Motherland.

Architecture
The 1911 Britannica states:
 * The houses [of Stanley], mostly white with coloured roofs, are generally built of wood and iron, and have glazed porches, gay with fuchsias and pelargoniums. Government House, grey, stone-built and slated, calls to mind a manse in Shetland or Orkney. The government barrack is a rather imposing structure in the middle of the town, as is the cathedral church to the east, built of stone and buttressed with brick.

The government barrack is now a guesthouse and is somewhat more in keeping with the surrounding houses.

Since this date, many more buildings have been erected in Stanley. In 1998, the Government of the Falkland Islands started a programme to encourage building of private houses; the development is known as East Stanley as it developed Stanley to the east. This led to a boom in the housing construction market with many new timber kit houses imported, largely from Scotland. These range from single bedroom bungalows to large 4-5 bedroom houses, the style of cladding and colours varying immensely.

Falkland houses are renowned for being brightly painted with immaculately maintained gardens; older houses frequently have intricately carved wooden fascia boards.

The Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge is sometimes stated to be the most southerly in the world.

Art
The following is a outline of Art of the Falkland Islands.

Art genres - Landscapes, Seascapes, Maritime, Ships, Boats, Work and the Working Environment, Domestic Life, Folkart, Illustrations, Wildlife, Flora and Fauna, Architecture, Buildings, Conflict, and People. Painting, Oils, Watercolours, print and photography.

Art of the Falklands could be broken down into three basic periods.

The early period, 1833 to 1914 was dominated by a few talented amuetur individuals, visitors to the islands and artists recording the exploration of the Falkland, Sub-Antarctica and Antarctic regions, cataloguing its fauna and flora.

From 1914 to 1986 was a period of slow development with few outlets such as postage stamps, book publications and illustrations, for local artists.

The conflicts of the Twentieth Century, and in particular, The Battle of the Falklands, The Battle of the River Plate and The Falklands War were well depicted by Naval artists of the day. The Falklands Conflict is covered by Cultural impact of the Falklands War and were been recorded by Official War Artists. These conflicts dominate this period.

Since 1986, economic diversification and a growth in population has led to an increase in Artistic activity in the Islands. The opening of Falkland Islands Museum and National Trust, the Jane Cameron National Archives have found homes for Falklands Art and Photography Collections. The commercial Studio 52 sells art in Stanley.

Pete Banksy is the name given by locals to an anonymous sculptor who in the 2020s has placed art around Stanley on road signs, next to junctions or on fences. The works include a person dancing, an owl and a snail. They are made of metal junk, such as hubcaps, bolts and bits of engines. The name "Pete Banksy" is a play on the anonymous British artist Banksy, and the peat banks that define the Falklands landscape.

Artists associated with the Falkland Islands

Edward Fanshawe Royal Naval officer and amateur painter, who produced some of the earliest representations of life and landscapes in Falklands on a tour of duty in May 1849 whilst in command of HMS Daphne (1838).

William Dale 1826 - 1870, Camp manager and artist painted the early life of the colony.

Dora Blake 1853 - 1923 Artist who illustrated domestic life in late Victorian life in the Camp. Her work was published in Falkland watercolours by Dora Blake by Sally Blake and Falklands Heritage: a record of Pioneer settlement by Mary Trehearne 1978.

Elinor Frances Vallentin 1873–1924, botanist and botanical illustrator co authored Illustrations of the flowering plants and ferns of the Falkland Island by Mrs E. F. Vallentin with descriptions by Mrs E. M. Cotton (London, L. Reeve & Co., 1921). An exhibition of her work was held at Stanley in May 1911.

Miscellaneous

There is one major newspaper, the Penguin News, and also a radio station, the Falkland Islands Radio Service (FIRS). The islands also have their own national football team and national cricket team.

Cultural events are organised from time to time and involve many sectors of the population. A Fringe Festival was held in 2022 and featured monologues written by Alan Bennett, a Burlesque evening, music of various genres, poetry and other events. In 2023 Stanley held its first Festival of Lights, with dancers, floats, illuminations and music. The Falkland Islands Operatic and Dramatic Association produces plays and murder mystery evenings.

title: Culture of the Falkland Islands


text:
Charles River Shire

Charles River Shire was one of eight shires of Virginia created in the Virginia Colony in 1634.

During the 17th century, shortly after establishment of Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, English settlers explored and began settling the areas adjacent to Hampton Roads. By 1634, the English colony of Virginia consisted of eight shires or counties with a total population of approximately 5,000 inhabitants.

Charles River Shire took its name from King Charles I of England. It was located on the Virginia Peninsula on the Charles River (also named for the younger son of King James I. During the English Civil War, Charles River County and the Charles River were changed to York County and York River, respectively. The river, county, and town of Yorktown are believed to have been was named for York, a city in Northern England.

Charles River Shire became York County in 1643. The first courthouse and jail were located near what is now Yorktown although the community, founded as a port for shipping tobacco to Europe, as variously called Port of York, Borough of York, York, Town of York, until Yorktown was established in 1691. Never incorporated as a town, Yorktown is the county seat of York County.

The Chiskiack Tribe of Native Americans lived on the south side of the York River on the grounds of the present-day Naval Weapons Station Yorktown near Yorktown until the 1630s, when conflicts with the English colonists caused them to move.

Charles River Shire (and York County) were the antecedents of dozens of counties and cities in Virginia and West Virginia due to the way the original boundaries were defined.

It is one of the five original shires of Virginia considered extant in the original form almost 400 years later, making it one of the oldest counties in the United States.

title: Charles River Shire


text:
Ed Kennedy

Ed Kennedy may refer to:

 * Ed Kennedy (American politician) (1951), a Massachusetts State Senator
 * Ed Kennedy (infielder) (1861–1912), Major League Baseball infielder
 * Ed Kennedy (outfielder) (1856–1905), Major League Baseball outfielder
 * Ed Kennedy (rugby union), Australian rugby union player
 * Edward Kennedy (journalist) (c. 1905–1963), journalist who first reported the German surrender in World War II

title: Ed Kennedy


text: File:Returnofcallisto 02.jpg

title: File:Returnofcallisto 02.jpg


text: Category:664 deaths

title: Category:664 deaths


text: User talk:195.194.182.10

title: User talk:195.194.182.10


text:
Talk:Authentic Matthew

NOTE: Ril placed 3 Vfd against Authentic Matthew all of which failed. One of them got Ril blocked.
 * "The result of the debate was keep (no consensus). Dmcdevit 07:07, July 30, 2005 (UTC)"
 * "Concur with vote results. - Ta bu shi da yu 08:26, 30 July 2005 (UTC)"
 * To understand the admin action one must look beyond the votes to what is actually happening with Ril and others.The result was the right.
 * Melissa and I abstained from the vote on Authentic Matthew by Acjelen but now would vote to keep his article in the spirit of good will.--Poorman 05:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

From WP:RfD 13:44, 10 October 2005 (UTC):

 * Authentic Matthew → Gospel of the Hebrews. Absolutely totally POV. Neither religious groups, nor academic ones believe the Gospel of the Hebrews to be the original version of Matthew. Nor does the redirect represent a merge.     ( ! | ? | * ) 18:01, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * See Articles for deletion/Authentic Matthew and Talk:Authentic Matthew. After the VfD reached no consensus, the article was merged into Gospel of the Hebrews, so we have to keep it somewhere anyway for Copyright reasons. A web search for '"Authentic Matthew" -Wikipedia' gives 'about 456' hits, so it's clearly not one person's neotermism (to create a neologism of my own :-). I suspect #2 also applies - "make the creation of duplicate article[] less likely". Noel (talk) 19:07, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep; this is not one of the rare cases in which a redirect is PoV; the existence of the theory should be mentioned (in at least half a sentence, either in Gospel of the Hebrews or Gospel of Matthew, and the redirect should point there. Septentrionalis 02:08, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I've removed the RfD template. User:-Ril- was blocked indefinitely pending an ArbCom ruling, and has been unblocked temporarily in order to respond to his RFAr.  He shouldn't even be editing articles normally, much less returning to the obession with this article which plays a large part in the RFAr. --Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:20, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Supporting Mel 100%. This compromise took weeks of careful negotiation to work out - and eveyone (minus Ril) seems happy with it. The nomination was plain trolling. --Doc (?) 09:25, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep As per above. -- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 20:45, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * What Mel said. enceph  alon  15:19, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Archive 1 (8 Feb to 21 Aug 2005):
 * Archive 2 (next to start):

Finding an agreed solution
I am seeking to find an agreed solution to this article. The last VfD had a delete majority, but narrowly no consensus to delete. That must stand. However, according to precedent that still leaves merge, move or redirect as legitimate options. I am thus canvassing the views of interested editors.

Please note. Much of the original material has already been merged elsewhere. Origins of Matthew's gospel are discussed under Gospel of Matthew and Synoptic problem. Gospel of the Hebrews has its own article. No New Testament commentary or Bible Dictionary, to my knowledge, refers to a document called 'authentic Matthew'. The name is POV. For further arguments see above discussion.--Doc (?) 21:52, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Options (one user, one vote SVP):

1) Keep this article (however cleaned-up) here.
 * Those in favour:

 * I think it is time to work together. Authentic Matthew by ed. Acjelen is a good place to begin. Option 2 would violate the Vfd Keep and land us back in trouble. Merge and redirect failed to get much Vfd support. --Poorman 23:04, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The VFD result was 21 votes:DELETE, 4 votes:MERGE, 11 votes:KEEP. Respecting the VFD result requires that we delete the article.     ( ! | ? | * ) 10:39, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * With respect this is not true. (Arn't you blocked??)--Poorman 05:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * 1) I feel that the VfD vote should be respected. Yet, Doc did have some good points. Let us work together in good faith. Authentic Matthew by Acjelen is a fair treatment of the subject. R.E. Brown, 1997  Introduction to the New Testament N.Y.  Doubleday studies both sides to the debate. We cannot solve this dispute but we can write an article worthy of Wikipedia --Melissadolbeer 05:45, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * User has already voted - Poorman is a sockpuppet of Melissadolbeer (check contribs history, and this edit where Poorman signs as Melissa)     ( ! | ? | * ) 10:39, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This issued was explained long ago. Melissa and I are husband and wife who sometimes work together. Let us show one another good will and work together --Poorman 23:11, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment. The VfD was "no consensus" and considered deletion rather than the proposal of merging. --Peter Kirby 08:54, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Please see above.--Poorman 05:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually it said:The result of the debate was keep (no consensus). -- Dmcdevit·t 07:07, July 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Quite right, and as I said. The result of "no consensus" is "keep (no consensus)" as there is never, at present, a "delete (no consensus)."  My point is that discussion can continue.  Moreover, the point is that the VfD considered deletion rather than the proposal of merging, so it does not represent a substantial discussion on the proposal, made by Doc and me, of merging this article's contents with Gospel of the Hebrews. --Peter Kirby 07:42, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

2) Redirect this article to Gospel of Matthew - but leaving permission for someone to create an article on 'the sources of Matthew's Gospel' if they wish and change the redirect.
 * Those in favour

 * --Doc (?) 21:52, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * ( ! | ? | * ) 10:39, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

3) Merge this article to Gospel of the Hebrews - see below.
 * Please discuss before voting.

Other options

Authentic Matthew
Jerome, in his Commentary on Matthew writes "In the Gospel which the Nazarenes and the Ebionites use which we have recently translated from Hebrew to Greek, and which most people call The Authentic Gospel of Matthew, the man . . ."

It has been pointed out to me that this is a poor translation. More recent publications read as follows: "In the Gospel which the Nazarenes and the Ebionites use which we have recently translated from Hebrew to Greek, and which most people call The Original Gospel of Matthew, the man . . ."

I am willing to concede the point. --Melissadolbeer 06:08, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

The sockpuppet Ghpbermuda already created an article at The Original Gospel of Matthew, which was a copy and paste of Melissadolbeer's version of the article. That was VFD'd at Votes for deletion/The Original Gospel of Matthew with the result of Overwhelming delete. ( ! | ? | * ) 10:39, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

More nonsense from Ril a blocked user. Ril you seem angry! Both Melissa and I repent of any way we have wronged you. Let us work together in good faith! --Poorman 05:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Matthaei Authenticum = Evangelium quod Hebraeorum, n'est ce pas?
That is, the text that Jerome says many consider to be the original one of Matthew is the same as the "Gospel of the Hebrews," is it not?

I found the Latin text. "In evangelio quo utuntur Nazaraeni et Ebionitae, quod nuper in Graecum de Hebraeo sermone transtulimus, et quod vocatur a plerisque Matthaei authenticum, homo iste qui aridam habet manum caementarius scribitur istius modi vocibus auxilium precans: Caementarius eram, manibus victum quaeritans. precor te, Iesu, ut mihi restituas sanitatem, ne turpiter mendicem cibos." Translation: "In the gospel which the Nazoraeans and Ebionites use, which we recently translated from Hebrew speech into Greek, and which is called by many the authentic [gospel] of Matthew, this man who has the dry hand is written to be a mason, praying for help with words of this kind: I was a mason, seeking a livelihood with my hands. I pray, Jesus, that you restore health to me, lest I disgracefully beg food." I do not believe that Matthaei authenticum is presented as a title but rather as an assertion, i.e., that Jerome reports that many people believe this to the original text written by Matthew. This text is commonly known by scholars as the "Gospel of the Hebrews" (evangelium quod Hebraeorum in Jerome, On Isaiah, preface to book 18 and Jerome, on Isaiah 4, commentary on Isaiah 11:2; Hebraico evangelio secundum Matthaeum in Jerome, commentary on Psalm 135; evangelio quod iuxta Hebraeos scriptum in On Isaiah 11, commentary on Isaiah 40:9; evangelio quod appellatur secundum Hebraeos in On Matthew 1, commentary on Matthew 6:11; Evangelium quod appellatur secundum Hebraeos in On Famous Men 2). My first preference is to merge this page with Gospel of the Hebrews, since Gospel of the Hebrews is the term used in English-language scholarship. Thoughts? --Peter Kirby 07:40, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It was already merged before even being put up for VFD the first time.     ( ! | ? | * ) 10:39, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It's not merged now. Do you that agree it should be? --Peter Kirby 10:56, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

I am willing to go with Peter on this (NB -Ril- is banned from editing Wikipedia at ths time, and so his comments should be ignored). --Doc (?) 11:33, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Great work, Peter. As you probably know Epiphanius, who was born about 300 C.E. and was Bishop of Salamis, published the following in the Panarion: They have the Gospel of Matthew complete in Hebrew, for this gospel was preserved among them as it was first written in Hebrew script. . .They too accept the Gospel of Matthew, and like the followers of Cerinthus and Merinthus, they use it alone. They call it the Gospel of the Hebrews, for in truth Matthew alone in the New Testament expounded and declared the Gospel in Hebrew using Hebrew script.

 * If he is right, then there is only one Hebrew Gospel and that would mean Authentic Matthew is the Gospel of the Hebrews. Care to comment Peter. You can probably see where I am going.--Poorman 05:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * No, I'm not sure where you are going. Please let me know where you are going with this. --Peter Kirby 05:38, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Jerome writes in Illustrious Men that Matthew, also called Levi, who used to be a tax collector and later an apostle, composed the Gospel of Christ, which was first published in Judea in Hebrew script for the sake of those of the circumcision who believed. This Gospel was afterwards translated into Greek (and the Greek has been lost) though by what author uncertain. The Hebrew original has been preserved to this present day in the library of Caesarea, which Pamphilus diligently gathered. I have also had the opportunity of having this volume transcribed for me by the Nazarenes of Beroea, Syria, who use it.

In Against Pelagius Jerome writes "In the Gospel of the Hebrews, written in the Chaldee and Syriac language but in Hebrew script, and used by the Nazarenes to this day (I mean the Gospel of the Apostles, or, as it is generally maintained, the Gospel of Matthew, a copy of which is in the library at Caesarea)..."

Thus what the Church Fathers are saying is that there is only one Hebrew Gospel which was written by Matthew and often called the Gospel of the Hebrews, because it was popular among Hebrew Christians. This was different from the so called Greek Gospel of Matthew that made it into the canon.

Even I have trouble believing them, but I do believe that what they wrote should be reflected this article ( and if necessary rebutted). (Note the French scholars J.Carmignac and M.Dubarle have contributed to this thesis.) --Poorman 07:01, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It seems to me that the references from Jerome and the other patristic writers suggest that the title of this work was commonly the Gospel of the Hebrews, and, moreover, this is certainly the title current among scholars today. What are your thoughts about merging the contents of this article into Gospel of the Hebrews? --Peter Kirby 07:19, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I might get into trouble with my wife Melissa, but you have won me over!--Poorman 07:55, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much for your good will and good judgment. I will get to work on writing a draft of Gospel of the Hebrews that includes the merged material. --Peter Kirby 08:14, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Second Issue
In the meantime, whatever happens to the article, there are currently two versions, which of them is more suitable

 * Version 1 - Melissadolbeer

 * Version 2 - After Version 1 has been somewhat culled by Acjelen I respectfully disagree. It was an attempt to find common ground by removing the contest sections. It was also the Authentic Matthew that survived the Vfd...Cleaned, NPOVed, and Wikified!

 * Version 3 - Wikified, cleaned up, and NPOVed versionEven Melissa and I would have to vote against it. In good faith, is this little more than a straw man?

If the article survives, then one of these needs to be chosen. Likewise one needs to be chosen in the meantime during discussion of more permanent issues.

 * Version 1 (Melissadolbeer - Original)

 * Version 2 (Acjelen - Original after culling) I respectfully disagree. It was an attempt to find common ground by removing the contest sections. It was also the Authentic Matthew that survived the Vfd...Cleaned, NPOVed, and Wikified!

 * Version 3 (Cleaned, NPOVed, and Wikified)This is little more than a stub. Even Melissa and I would have to vote against it. In good faith, is this little more than a straw man?
 * 1)     ( ! | ? | * ) 10:48, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

This will be irrelevant in a few days, if we have merged this material into Gospel of the Hebrews. --Peter Kirby 08:15, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Other

Can the refs be supplied?
I want to echo Peter Kirby's request. Let's do something constructive. What do Brown, Streeter and Porter actualy say? Do these sources check out? Can we have page refs, so that those with access to the literature can verify or otherwise? If these secondary refs can't been defended, then they must be deleted, and this article is in real trouble. --Doc (?) 23:42, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * wayyyyy ahead of you! I've found an Amazon Search Inside for the one, and some more info for the others. I've also added a "critique of" book which will no doubt be worth checking out as it will challenge that other writer's facts. So you can check the one book right away. I couldn't find "The Gospel Before Mark" on Amazon, and that strikes me as very suspicious as they list a million fragillion rare and out-of-print books, even ones without ISBNs. I'll have a look around some other places for it later, but I'm wondering if the name is either wrong or, heaven forbid, it's fake. GarrettTalk 00:46, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks Garrett, this is useful, but you are slightly missing my point. That these books exist, I don't doubt. In fact, I've read both Streeter and Brown in the past. My question is, what do they actualy say about Jerome and 'Authentic Matthew'? Do they metion it at all? Do they back up all the assertions of this article? This is one of the weaknesses of WP - you can chuck a lot of refs to books at the bottom of things - and it is unlikely anyone will ever check that they actually back up the article. These are not books on 'Authentic Matthew' not even on 'real canonical' Matthew, so if they say anything it will be an aside. We need chapter and verse - and we need someone to get down to a university library and confirm it. --Doc (?) 01:04, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm going to the library tomorrow and can check both Brown and Streeter. Pierson Parker's The Gospel before Mark exists and was published in 1953 by the University of Chicago Press, but no library I currently have access to has a copy. I read through Birth of the Messiah in its entirety only a few months ago, and it certainly does not agree with the ideas advanced by this article. Brown might have something to say about Jerome's authentic Matthew theory. Ideally it would be good to know exactly what parts of this article are based on which books, and specific page references would also be helpful. - SimonP 01:19, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * No I saw the point, but my solution is the best I can do without travelling out to Massey and reading the books myself (no time). With the Search Inside you can probably find that info right now, but unfortunately it's only the one book. :( GarrettTalk 01:46, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Raymond Brown
Comment. Please let me know the page numbers in R. E. Brown so I can look them up. --Peter Kirby 08:54, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Reply: Good point! R.E. Brown, 1997 Introduction to the New Testament N.Y.  Doubleday studies both sides to the debate. On pages 208 to 210 he explains that the majority of Biblical scholars agree that Canonical Matthew was not written by Matthew but is a much later composition written in Greek.

Brown makes three observations that point to an origional Hebrew Gospel of Matthew:

 * 1) In antiquity there was a Hebrew Gospel used by Jewish Christians. Jerome and others believed it to be the Semetic origional.

 * 2) Although contested, some scholars firmly believe in Matthaei authenticum (see G.E. Howard 1987 The Gospel of Matthew according to a Primitive Hebrew Text GA:Mercer)

 * 3) Still other scholars say they can reconstruct Matthaei authenticum

Yet Brown points out problems with Matthaei authenticum and ends by saying, whether some where in the history of Matthew's sources, one of the twelve [Matthew]played a role we cannot know. However it would not be prudent for scholarship, 1900 years later, to facilely dismiss as complete fiction or ignorance the affirmation of those ancient spokemen of long ago.

Question: Would this be a good ending to Authentic Matthew by Acjelen? --Poorman 05:33, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Original Research
In all the Vfd debates this was a major reason for deletion.

 * "The article has been reviewed by an editor (not me) who has a doctorate (PhD) in the study of the New Testament, and been said to be unsalvagable original research by that editor." ed Ril

 * No original research Original research refers to original research by editors of Wikipedia. It does not refer to original research that is published

Would the following from a Church History written by Eusebius which has been published in many languages fail the wiki test simply because it is old.

They (the Apostles) were led to write only under the pressure of necessity. Matthew, who had first preached the Gospel in Hebrew, when on the point of going to other nations, committed the Gospel to writing in his native language. Therefore he supplied the written word to make up for the lack of his own presence to those from whom he was sent.--Poorman 06:06, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * For what it's worth, both I and Doc are considering merging with "Gospel of the Hebrews," not the previous proposal of deletion of all the content. --Peter Kirby 06:25, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Vfd Result
The result of the debate was keep (no consensus). Dmcdevit·t 07:07, July 30, 2005 (UTC) Therefore go slowly and in good faith.--Poorman 07:30, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I will be merging the material, with your comments and help
I have also posted this on Talk:Gospel of the Hebrews. Having secured the agreement of Doc and Poorman, I will be working on merging in what material can be kept from Authentic Matthew into Gospel of the Hebrews. The reason for the merge is that "Gospel of the Hebrews" is the only term current in contemporary English-language scholarship and that "authentic Matthew" is not a title but a description, the title being given by Jerome elsewhere as "Gospel of the Hebrews" (Evangelium quod Hebraeorum). I will take care to cite sources and remain NPOV. Please see the work in progress at User:Peter Kirby/Gospel of the Hebrews and comment here. Thank you for your attention. --Peter Kirby 08:32, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Reference check
I checked several of the references and found about what I was expecting. Brown's Introduction to the New Testament on page 209-10 reads:

 * The canonical Gospel exists in Greek – was Papias referring to a Semitic original from which it was translated? Three different observations point us in that direction. In antiquity there was a Jewish gospel probably in Aramaic used by Palestinian Christians and associated by the Church Fathers with Nazarean (or Nazorean) Jewish Christians, especially in the Aleppo area of Syria. References to this gospel related it closely to Matt; Jerome claimed that he translated it into Greek and at times he treats it almost as if it were the Semitic original behind Matt. … The vast majority of scholars, however, contend that the Gospel we know as Matt was composed originally in Greek and is not a translation of a Semitic original.

Brown here is quite clearly talking about the theories already well covered in the Gospel of the Hebrews article. He nowhere uses the phrase "Authentic Matthew" or "Matthaei authenticum." In  The Birth of the Messiah Brown does not even mention Jerome's authentic Matthew statement, and nowhere mentions a theory of an "Authentic Matthew." He does go into a detailed discussion of Aramaic primacy, but again only links these theories to the notion of a Gospel of the Hebrews.

I then went to Howard's The Gospel of Matthew according to a Primitive Hebrew Text. The primitive text in question is a fourteenth century Hebrew version of Matthew by Shem-Tob. Howard's thesis is that this version is not a translation from the Greek or Latin, but rather a copy of an original Hebrew version of Matthew that had been passed down through the centuries. On page 197 he does compare this text to Jerome's writings:

 * Jerome makes reference to a Hebrew Matthew and to a Gospel according to the Hebrews in such a way as to be unclear as to whether these are one and the same. … Jerome writes: “In the Gospel…which is called the authentic text of Matthew by a good many”… There are many other references in Jerome and elsewhere but further citation of these would be of little benefit. The fact is that the quotations from the so-called Hebrew Matthew, the Gospel of the Hebrews, the Gospel of the Nazoreans, the Gospel of the Ebionites, or the Gospel of the Twelve Apostles mentioned in early church writings, yield little evidence of relationship to Shem-Tob’s Matthew.

Howard mentions a comprehensive list of five different names that have been used to describe primitive Matthews, and Authentic Matthew is not one of them. Based on these references I think that merging and redirecting is the right course. - SimonP 14:55, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

No big surprises there for me, well done. --Doc (?) 15:14, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Yes,what you have said is true, but what I have said is also true. Now let us give Peter a chance to see if he can pull this into a good article. As a show of good faith I am redirecting to Gospel of the Hebrews.--Poorman 23:48, 23 August 2005 (UTC) P.S. I also have trouble with "Matthaei authenticum." used by Jerome because it implies that Canonical Matthew is not authentic. Every good wish and blessing--Poorman 00:14, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Article recreation
Anyone interested in whether this article should be recreated should see Constantine Conspiracy, User:MeBee/Matthaei Authenticum, and Articles for deletion/Constantine Conspiracy. Clinkophonist 22:10, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Authentic Matthew


text: Talk:Culture of the Falkland Islands

title: Talk:Culture of the Falkland Islands


text:
Aero-Tropics Air Services

Lip-Air Pty Ltd, operating as Aero-Tropics Air Services (ATAS), was an airline based in Cairns, Queensland, Australia. Its main base was Cairns Airport, with its operating hub at Horn Island Airport.

History
Lip-Air Pty Ltd was a privately owned company established by the Lippmann family in 1995. The company's Aero Tropics Air Services (ATAS) division started operating air charters in 1997, serving the region of Torres Strait, Cape York and the Gulf of Carpentaria. ATAS obtained a Regular Public Transport licence in February 2000 from the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) and began operating daily scheduled services to/ from and between the Torres Strait Islands. In March 2007 it had 50 employees. It grew from one 5-seat Partenavia P.68 aircraft based on Coconut Island to a fleet of eighteen aircraft based at Karumba, Horn Island and Cairns. As of November 2008 it operated scheduled domestic services to 12 destinations in the Torres Strait Islands. In late June 2008 the airline was grounded for five days by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA). As a result, the Queensland Government removed the Government contract for Aero-Tropics delivering mail and some supplies, flying to many remote Cape York towns. The contract was awarded to West Wing Aviation. In October 2008 CASA grounded the airline again after two incidents on successive days prompted concerns about the airline's training and supervision of its pilots. The second grounding proved to be permanent, as the airline went into liquidation the following month.

Fleet
As of July 2008, the Aero-Tropics Air Services (ATAS) fleet consisted of:
 * 4 Aero Commander 500S Shrike Commander
 * 1 Beechcraft King Air B200
 * 6 Britten-Norman BN2A Islander
 * 2 Cessna 208B Grand Caravan

At the time of liquidation, the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) showed that the airline owned the following aircraft:

 * 5 Britten-Norman BN2A Islander
 * 2 Aero Commander 500S Shrike Commander
 * 2 Piper PA-31 Navajo
 * 2 Cessna 208B Grand Caravan
 * 1 Cessna 172N

Destinations
As of July 2008, Aero-Tropics Air Services (ATAS) operated scheduled domestic services to the following destinations:

 * 1) Badu Island – Badu Island Airport
 * 2) Boigu Island – Boigu Island Airport
 * 3) Cairns – Cairns Airport
 * 4) Coconut Island (Poruma Island) – Coconut Island Airport
 * 5) Darnley Island (Erub Island) – Darnley Island Airport
 * 6) Horn Island – Horn Island Airport (hub)
 * 7) Kubin Village (Moa Island) – Kubin Airport
 * 8) Mabuiag Island – Mabuiag Island Airport
 * 9) Murray Island – Murray Island Airport
 * 10) Saibai Island – Saibai Island Airport
 * 11) Warraber Island (Sue Islet) – Warraber Island Airport
 * 12) Yam Island (Iama Island) – Yam Island Airport
 * 13) Yorke Island – Yorke Island Airport

title: Aero-Tropics Air Services


text:
Talk:Northsound 1

This station's name is "Northsound 1" (or "Northsound One"), not "NorthSound One," isn't it? I think that "S" should not be capitalise. - TRIBESMAN 12:21, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Northsound 1


text:
Talk:List of political parties in Gibraltar

Untitled
What is wrong with this sentence: Gibraltar has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties, with extreme difficulty for anybody to achieve electoral success under the banner of any other party. Gangulf 12:21, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * What's wrong with it is that it's simply false. For a start, you only have to look at the article to see that three parties are represented in the House of Assembly. Gibraltar has its fair share of electoral alliances and coalitions, and what's more, parties have come and gone and displaced each other over time, even in the last few years, so there hasn't been extreme difficulty for other parties to achieve success at all. Two parties no longer represented in the House of Assembly have provided Gibraltar's Chief Minister during the last 35 years. It looked to me very much like a piece of boilerplate text that is probably reproduced all over Wikipedia in these kind of articles for countries that appear at the briefest of glances to be dominated by two parties. — Trilobite (Talk) 17:31, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:List of political parties in Abkhazia which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 16:21, 29 March 2024 (UTC)


text: Category:691 deaths

title: Category:691 deaths


text: User talk:193.251.10.73

title: User talk:193.251.10.73


text:
User talk:Vivek.pandey

Welcome
Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * If you made IP edits before creating a user account, you can attribute your IP edits to your account at Changing attribution for an edit.

There is a Notice board for India-related topics. We're working on a Indian colloaboration of the week.

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop a note at New user log.

-- Utcursch | Talk to me

Resolving copy-vios
Please resolve suspected copyright violations by placing information about copying permission on the article's talk page, and under the article's entry on Copyright problems. If the material is found not to violate copyright, then the original version, not the temporary copy, will be restored. Thank you. Gazpacho 11:20, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vivek.pandey


text:
Talk:Greatest Hits Radio North East Scotland

This station's name is "Northsound 2" (or "Northsound Two"), not "NorthSound Two," isn't it? I think that "S" should not be capitalise. See also Talk:NorthSound One - TRIBESMAN 12:23, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ns2 logo.gif
Image:Ns2 logo.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 00:54, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

DAB-only switchover
For whatever reason, numerous IP editors have repeatedly reverted well-sourced edits explaining Northsound 2 has ceased broadcasting on medium wave and reverted to a DAB-only service (as of April 2018) - please stop. Hughpugh 02:37, 16 May 2018 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chariot ventures

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 22:08, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Chariot ventures
One line article about a venture capital firm that gets three hits on Google. --Lee Hunter 12:24, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as sub-substub. Any article that literally doesn't go beyond "X is a Y" deserves to be deleted, regardless of notability. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  13:35, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete as a single line of spam with a live link. Wyss 19:32, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, There is nothing here. Inter 20:47, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - 4 Google hits, website advertisement. Megan1967 01:03, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
GNAT Modified General Public License

The GNAT Modified General Public License (short: Modified GPL, GMGPL) is a version of the GNU General Public License specifically modified for compiled units and for the generic feature found in the Ada programming language.

The modification is as follows:

 * As a special exception, if other files  instantiate  generics from this unit, or you link  this unit with other files  to produce an executable, this  unit  does not  by itself cause  the resulting  executable  to  be covered  by the  GNU  General  Public  License.  This exception does not however invalidate  any other reasons why  the executable file  might be covered by the  GNU Public License.

The GNAT Ada compiler can automate conformance checks for some GPL software license issues via a compiler directive. Use  to activate the check against the Modified GPL. The GNAT Reference Manual documents the License pragma along with other compiler directives.

title: GNAT Modified General Public License


text:
Soltam Systems

Soltam Systems (סולתם מערכות) is an Israeli defense contractor and kitchen equipment manufacturer located in Yokneam, Israel. The company has been developing and manufacturing advanced artillery systems, mortars, ammunition, peripheral equipment and cooking equipment since 1952. Soltam Systems serves armed and special forces in more than 60 countries as well as the private sector with its kitchen products. Among the company's major customers are the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), the United States Army and NATO countries.

History
Soltam was founded in 1950 by Shlomo Zabludowicz as the IDF artillery manufacturer. The company was founded as a joint venture between the Israeli Solel Boneh and Luxembourg-based Salgad (Societe Anonyme Luxembourgoise de Gestion et D'Administration) which was a fully owned subsidiary of the Finnish artillery and mortar manufacturer Tampella.

In 1998, Koor Industries sold Soltam to MIKAL Group.

In October 2010, Soltam was sold to Elbit Systems and is now entirely owned by them.

Artillery

 * ATMOS 2000 155 mm autonomous, truck mounted self-propelled gun
 * ATHOS 2052 155 mm autonomous towed howitzer system
 * M-68 towed 155 mm howitzer
 * M-71 towed 155 mm howitzer
 * Rascal self-propelled 155 mm howitzer
 * Slammer (Sholef) - Merkava-based self-propelled 155 mm howitzer

Mortars
Soltam designs and manufactures a wide range of mortars, to suit a variety of military applications. Soltam supplies a variety of mortars, such as backpacked, under turret, towed and self-propelled recoiling mortars on wheeled or tracked vehicles. All mortars are simple to operate and fast in deployment. Soltam mortars are made of high quality alloy steel for extra toughness and stability. Mortar systems come with all auxiliary equipment necessary for field operation, including fire control computer, ballistic computer, INS, and target acquisition and location systems. All types of mortar ammunition in use worldwide are authorized to be used with Soltam mortars. CARDOM Recoil Mortar System vehicle mounted mortar
 * M-66 160 mm mortar
 * 120 mm mortar
 * Cardom 120 mm autonomous recoil mortar system (RMS)
 * Soltam M-65 120 mm mortar towed
 * Soltam K6 120mm mortar
 * 81 mm mortar
 * B499 Long Range
 * B502 Long Range Split Barrel
 * B599 Extended Range
 * CC8 vehicle mounted mortar
 * 60 mm mortar
 * 60 mm commando mortars
 * 60 mm extended range mortars
 * Vehicle mounted 60 mm mortar - internal and external

Ammunition
Soltam manufactures a wide range of mortar ammunition, ranging in caliber and in use (High Explosive HE, Smoke and training). All mortars comply with NATO standards.
 * 155 mm
 * 120 mm
 * 81 mm
 * 60 mm

Kitchen equipment
in addition to its military manufacturing Soltam also sells a variety of cooking products to the civilian market, mainly pots and pans but also others such as knives, cutting boards and spatulas.

title: Soltam Systems


text:
Charles Walckenaer

Baron Charles Athanase Walckenaer (25 December 1771 – 28 April 1852) was a French civil servant, writer, man of letters, and scientist. He was a polymath and wrote extensively on geography, natural history, and literature. Major contributions included his multi-volume natural histories of arachnids and insects, some published in collaboration with others. He was made a baron in 1823.

Biography
Walckenaer was born in Paris and after losing his parents at an early age he was raised by his uncle Charles-Nicolas Duclos Dufresnoy, a notary in the court of Louis XVI. His uncle's elite and educated circle made an impression on the young boy and he was sent to study at the universities of Oxford and Glasgow. Dufresnoy was guillotined in 1794 following the French Revolution for being associated with the regime. In 1793 Walckenaer was appointed head of the military transports in the Pyrenees, after which he pursued technical studies at the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées and the École polytechnique. He was elected member of the Institut de France in 1813, was mayor (maire) in the 5th arrondissement in Paris and secretary-general of the prefect of the Seine 1816–1825. He was made a baron in 1823. He was dismissed in 1830 from his government position and he spent his time in studies.

Walckenaer married a relative Joséphine Marie Jeanne Antoinette Marcotte de Pyn (1776-1849) in 1794.

He was a keen entomologist and arachnologist and one of the founders of the Société entomologique de France in 1832, and a "resident member" of the Société des observateurs de l'homme. He wrote the Histoire naturelle des insectes (4 vols., 1836–1847) together with Paul Gervais. He collected specimens and information on spiders from around the world and described a number of taxa. He transferred the black widow to its current genus and discovered multiple species of Cyclosa, including C. turbinata.

Walckenaer introduced the full biography according to the English model into French literature through his works Histoire de la vie et des ouvrages de la Fontaine (1820, 4th ed. 1858), Histoire de la vie et des poésies d'Horace (1840; new ed. 1858) and Mémoires touchent la vie et les écrits de Mme de Sevigné (6 volumes, 1842–1865). In the works of La Bruyère, which he published in 1845, he returned to the original text.

In 1839 he was appointed conservator for the Department of Maps at the Royal Library in Paris and in 1840 secretary for life in the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. In the area of geography, he discovered the map of Juan de la Cosa, the oldest extant map that shows the American continent, and published La monde maritime (4 vols., 1818), Histoire générale des voyages (21 vols., 1826–1831) and Géographie ancienne, historique et comparée des Gaules (3 vols., 1839, new ed. 1862).

title: Charles Walckenaer


text:
Middelburg, Mpumalanga

Middelburg is a large farming and industrial town in the South African province of Mpumalanga.

History
It was initially established as a halfway station between Lydenburg and Pretoria by the Republic of Lydenburg in 1860. That republic would merge with the South African Republic (ZAR) soon afterwards. The proposed town was established on two farms, Klipfontein and Keerom but when the Dutch Reformed Church established a church next door on the farm Sterkfontein, the town would be moved there. It was established as Nasareth, in 1864 by the Voortrekkers on the banks of the Klein Olifants River. It was changed in 1872 to Middelburg to mark its location between the Transvaal capital Pretoria, and the gold mining town of Lydenburg. The Dutch Reformed church was built in 1890. The British built a large concentration camp in Middelburg during the Second Boer War. The Memorial Museum was built at the site next to the 1,381 graves of women and children who died in the concentration camp.

Communities

 * Aerorand - the newest suburb in Middelburg
 * CBD - the oldest part of town
 * Groenkol - upmarket renovated houses
 * Dennesig - named after the conifer trees scattered through the suburb
 * Golfsig - upmarket suburb with a view of the golf course
 * Clubville - leafy suburb with a view of the golf course
 * Industrial Area - various industrial businesses
 * Kanonkop - translated as "Cannon Hill," referring to the days of the Anglo-Boer War, the site of the British concentration camp graveyard is to be found in the area
 * Mhluzi - Previously African suburb during the Apartheid era
 * Mineralia - suburb named after mineral deposits
 * Nasareth - Previously Coloured suburb on the eastern side of Middelburg
 * Eastdene - Previously Indian suburb
 * Rockdale -a residential area on the Remaining Extent of the farm Rockdale 442 JS
 * Hlalmnandi

Demographics
Hundreds of expatriates and their families, mostly from the United Kingdom and parts of Europe, moved into the town in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s to avoid the slump of the post-World War II industrial and manufacturing sectors in those countries. These families were attracted by the need for industrial expertise in the plant, and were often rewarded with company-sponsored housing and discounted education.

The children of those immigrant families have either moved to the larger nearby cities of Witbank, Pretoria and Johannesburg, seeking employment, or have remained to form part of the growing alternative economic activities in the area.

Today, the town faces many issues typical to smaller towns in South Africa. These include challenges such as the incorporation, upliftment, and appropriate addressing of former inequalities of service provision and infrastructure in the large nearby townships and suburbs, that were created for the black and Indian populations, under apartheid laws. The cultural make up of the town is quite diverse, ranging from mainly Afrikaans-speaking families, expatriates from the United Kingdom and Europe, as well as the indigenous African populations. Another challenge is addressing the general trend of the hastening migration of residents away from small towns to larger cities in search of greater economic opportunities.

With a 2016 population of 278,000 and a growth rate of 4.9%, the municipal statistical department has estimated that the population will be 500,000 by 2030. The town has one of the largest police forces in the region, a government (public) hospital and clinic, as well as a private hospital, shopping mall and several public schools.

Religion
Middelburg has a deep Christian origin, for the oldest Dutch Reformed church is the one mentioned above which is better known as "Die Witkerk."

Churches in the town are:
 * The Dutch Reformed (NG Kerk)
 * Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (Nederduits Reformed Church of Africa) since 01.04.1864 - 2 parishes, Middelburg and Middelburg-Noord 28.08.1977
 * AFM-AGS Apostolic Faith Mission (Lighuis Gemeente, Corpus Christi, AGS Sentraal)
 * Pentecostal Protestant Church(Lofdal Gesinskerk, Woord-en-Kruis Gemeente.)
 * Baptist
 * New Independent Fundamentalist Baptist
 * Methodist
 * African Methodist Episcopal Church (Nazareth Chapel)
 * Catholic
 * Full Gospel Church (VEK Presence Church)
 * Zion Christian Church
 * Holy Trinity Anglican Church
 * Independent Churches
 * Evangelical Lutheran Church
 * Lutheran Bapedi Church
 * St Peter's Confessional Lutheran Church of South Africa
 * Presbyterian
 * ECF (Eastdene Christian Fellowship) 1988
 * Shalom Christian Church
 * Solid Ground Church

Various bazaars and markets are held by all churches in support of the community. Examples would be The Expo Art and craft market, which is held annually in the spring by Die Lighuis Gemeente. Corpus Christi also have a world class market which is widely known in the area as the Kersmark. The church community is closely involved in community upliftment and development.

Economy
Columbus Stainless, a large stainless steel plant, constructed in 1965, and Thos Begbie & Co, a company established in 1887 by Scotsman Thomas Begbie, are both situated here. For many years, the industrial activities of the steel plant and its peripheral activities, such as coal and transport, provided much of the employment and largely drove the economy of the town, although other sectors, such as agriculture, have gradually grown to be important.

Tourism
The town is situated conveniently close to one of the main routes to the Kruger National Park, and has a small but growing tourism industry. Some landmarks and notable features in or around the town include the Middelburg Dam, site of the annual Middelburg Mile swimming event, the Botshabelo mission station museum and associated Ndebele tourist village, several hiking trails, and the Dutch Reformed church in the town centre. Within the town itself, several popular night spots and family restaurants entertain the locals and visiting tourists. Middelburg Mall was recently built, just off the N4 on the Bethal-Middelburg road and has a wide range of shops and restaurants.

Sports
A well maintained country club provides facilities for tennis, bowls, a golf course, swimming pools, as well as a bar, hotel and dining and function rooms. Furthermore, you will find Kees Taljaard Park, which is primarily a rugby stadium, but also has hockey fields. A lot of the local festivals are hosted in this stadium as well.

Passenger rail
This city has a railway station for the loading and unloading of passengers and cargo on the Pretoria–Maputo railway.

Notable people

 * Wynand Claassen - South Africa national rugby union team captain of the 1981 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand and the United States, more famously known as the Rebel tour of New Zealand
 * Happy Jele - footballer. One time captain of Orlando Pirates, and one of the longest serving players of Orlando Pirates.
 * Esther Mahlangu - artist from the Ndebele nation. Known for her bold large-scale contemporary paintings that reference her Ndebele heritage.
 * Vincent Mahlangu - actor and singer
 * Gerhardus Pienaar - javelin thrower
 * Nothando Vilakazi - Spanish Primera División & South Africa women's national football team player

title: Middelburg, Mpumalanga


text:
User:David.Monniaux/group POV pushing

Editors from certain groups (political, religious, etc.), understandably, edit the pages describing those groups. This is perfectly understandable, and even commendable, for they have first-hand knowledge of what happens inside these groups, the way they are run, their organization, etc.

However, some editors go further and start pushing the point of view of their organization. There is a whole gradation here – obviously, one tends to be more sympathetic to the point of view of a group to which one willfully belongs. However, this can reach the point where the editor's behavior is contrary to Wikipedia's objectives of neutral point of view (NPOV).

Typical behaviors of problems editors pushing group POV are:
 * 1) The official point of view and discourse of the group is overemphasized. Whole sections are copied from official group documentation, without any effort of perspective.
 * 2) The editor deletes information that does not support the official point of view, for instance information suggesting that the group, while pretending to be acting in a certain way, acts in some other way.
 * 3) The editor does not make a difference in seriousness and objectivity between references. The editor will, for instance, quote an opinion site, or another site with obvious errors, as a reliable source of information. In particular, the problem editor, when discussing matters where an objective reality check is easily possible (for instance, the actual wording of a legal text), will not try to get first-hand information, even when it is available for free through a Web search, but will stick to  evidently erroneous quotes. The problem editor will protest the removal of dubious "references", or their tagging as unreliable.
 * 4) The editor will put a disproportionate burden of proof on other editors, while not putting it on himself or herself. For instance, the editor will copy entire sections from pages whose honesty, objectivity or reliability can be reasonably doubted, but will delete short mentions of opposing points of views as long as they are not supported by iron-clad references.
 * 5) Because editors with different points of view from the problem editor will have had to justify everything they wrote and will have had to give counter-argument to every crude POV statement from the problem editor, some sections of the article will have become unduly lengthy and cumbersome. The problem editor will then complain about this fact, of his own making.
 * 6) The editor will continuously make inappropriate references to NPOV and policies against "weasel terms" to justify his deletion of the writings of others editors, while he will largely ignore these rules for himself. The editor will fail to note that the policy against "weasel terms" includes substantial exceptions: when the belief or opinion is actually the topic of discussion; when the holders of the opinion are too diverse or numerous to qualify; when contrasting a minority opinion. This is especially true if the edit stated majority of a given population holds, by all reasonable accounts, a certain opinion; typically, the editor will ask for a list of people or groups holding this opinion, which sounds ridiculous. In some cases, polls are available, but it's not always the case.
 * 7) On the other hand, the editor will forget those policies when making broad claims that his group is unfairly considered.
 * 8) The editor will try to portray all points of views opposed to his group as arbitrary, backward, or motivated by revenge or ideology. Information mitigating or negating that portrayal will be deleted.
 * 9) The editor will claim that his group has received unfair legal treatment. His coverage of the case will only include the group's argumentation and will grossly distort the actual issues.
 * 10) The editor only edits articles pertaining to his own group or close associates, and considers these articles "his own", or that of a narrow clique.
 * 11) The editor will edit articles discussing his group on Wikipedias in other languages, even though he does not speak these languages well enough to understand the articles correctly, or to contribute to them meaningfully.
 * 12) The editor understands the notion of "consensus" as "My friends and I write the article, then the others just have to accept it".

title: User:David.Monniaux/group POV pushing


text: Category:Images

title: Category:Images