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Cooper River (South Carolina)

The Cooper River is a mainly tidal river in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The cities of Mt. Pleasant, Charleston, North Charleston, Goose Creek, Moncks Corner, and Hanahan are located along the river. Short and wide, the river is joined first by the blackwater East Branch and then farther downstream at the tidal Wando River. Almost immediately thereafter, the Cooper River widens into its estuary and unites with the Ashley River to form the Charleston Harbor.

Long used as an important commercial waterway, the West Branch of the Cooper River was initially connected to the Santee River near its navigation head by the Santee Canal, built in the late 18th century. Though the West Branch still rises as a blackwater swamp in central Berkeley County, its main headwaters have been seamlessly shifted to Lake Moultrie by the 1940s vintage Tail Race Canal. Lake Moultrie is, in turn, fed from Lake Marion by a diversion canal built around the same time period. This artificial rerouting of the Cooper River basin has essentially unified the Santee and Cooper River systems into a single hydrological drainage entity.

The river was named for Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury and chief Lord Proprietor of the Carolina Colony. Charleston was founded on the western bank of the Ashley River in 1670 (at Charles Towne Landing), before moving across to its current peninsular location ten years later.

Rice and indigo were the primary commodity crops cultivated on the plantations surrounding the brackish marshland of the Cooper River from the early Colonial through the end of the Civil War periods. Former plantations along the river include Lewisfield, Mulberry, Middleburg, Quinby and Mepkin, which is now operated as Mepkin Abbey, a Trappist monastery. Many of these and other structures contribute to the Cooper River Historic District, a national historic district that encompasses areas along both branches of the river. In addition to the Mepkin Abbey Botanical Garden, nearby attractions include the Cypress Gardens and the Old Santee Canal Park.

Daniel Island and Drum Island (uninhabited) are adjacent to the river. Cargo terminals, a paper mill, and the former Charleston Naval Base line its shore. The Patriot's Point naval and maritime museum is located at the mouth of the river. Berthed at Patriot's Point are four museum ships, most notably USS Yorktown (CV-10), a World War II aircraft carrier.

Goose Creek, a tributary of the Cooper River, was the site of a U.S. Navy submarine base through the late 1990s. It operated as a nuclear weapons handling facility servicing fleet ballistic submarines until the advent of the larger Trident submarine-launched ballistic missile. Since the Ohio-class submarines required a deeper draft, the nuclear weapons handling had to move to another facility.

Crossings
Formerly traffic across the river was limited to ferries. The John P. Grace Memorial Bridge was opened for service on August 8, 1929, as the automobile and trucks became an increasingly important mode of transportation. It was named for the commissioner who inspired the state's highway system. The State of South Carolina built a parallel span that opened April 29, 1966, the Silas N. Pearman Bridge constructed a few yards (meters) to the south. For more than a quarter of a century, the only connection between Charleston and its rapidly growing northern suburb of Mt. Pleasant was by these two bridges. In 1992, the Don Holt Bridge was completed a few miles upriver as part of the I-526 corridor, and became the third bridge to span the river.

The cable-stayed Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge (or "New Cooper River Bridge") opened to traffic on July 16, 2005, to replace the two older bridges. Demolition of the Grace and Pearman bridges began shortly afterwards and was completed in late 2007. A popular 10k run across the bridge is held each spring, and is known as the Cooper River Bridge Run.

Though both bridges are modern in every respect, the Holt and Ravenel bridges carry all motor vehicular traffic across the river in the metropolitan area. Further north, the Dennis C. Bishop Bridge carries US 52-US 17 Alternate traffic across the Tail Race canal just below the Pinopolis Dam on Lake Moultrie in northern Berkeley County.

A CSX Transportation trestle bridge traverses the upper reaches of the West Branch, 13 mi below the Pinopolis Dam. Another rail bridge crosses the Tail Race Canal less than a mile below the dam.

title: Cooper River (South Carolina)


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No-disc crack

A No-disc crack, No-CD crack or No-DVD crack is an executable file or a special "byte patcher" program which allows a user to circumvent certain Compact Disc and DVD copy protection schemes. They allow the user to run computer software without having to insert their required CD-ROM or DVD-ROM. This act is a form of software cracking. No-CD cracks specific to a variety of games and other software distributed on CD-ROM or DVD-ROM can be found on the Internet from various reverse engineering websites or file sharing networks. No-CD cracks have legal uses, such as creating backups of legally owned software (a user right by law in many countries) or avoiding the inconvenience of placing a CD or DVD-ROM in the drive every time the software is being used, although they can also be used to circumvent laws in many countries by allowing the execution of full versions of non-legally owned applications or time-limited trials of the applications without the original disc.

In addition to cracked executable files or byte patchers, CD protection can sometimes be thwarted by producing a mini image containing only enough of the software's CD-ROM contents needed to bypass protection. This image can then be mounted with a disk image emulator such as Daemon Tools to "trick" the user's computer's Operating System (OS) into believing that said disk image is a physical optical disk inserted into a physical optical drive attached to the computer. As a side benefit, data from mounted disk images generally load much faster than a real disk would because the data is stored on the hard drive. Some programs, however, attempt to discover such disk image emulators and will refuse to work if one is found. Other programs exist that attempt to hide the presence of disk image emulators from such protected software. However, if some of the software was running in a virtualization suite such as Windows Virtual PC or VirtualBox, the guest OS will further be confused into thinking it is the "physical" disc.

Some publishers have used no-disc cracks to re-release older games for modern PCs, including Ubisoft (with Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas 2) and Rockstar Games (with Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne).

Law limitations
See the below excerpt from United States Copyright Law in regards to computer software. "§ 117. Limitations on exclusive rights: Computer programs

(a) Making of Additional Copy or Adaptation by Owner of Copy. — Not withstanding the provisions of section 106, it is not an infringement for the owner of a copy of a computer program to make or authorize the making of another copy or adaptation of that computer program provided:

(1) that such a new copy or adaptation is created as an essential step in the utilization of the computer program in conjunction with a machine and that it is used in no other manner, or

(2) that such new copy or adaptation is for archival purposes only and that all archival copies are destroyed in the event that continued possession of the computer program should cease to be rightful."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: No-disc crack


text:
User talk:Jrwilheim

Some of your changes have been valuable, and I'm not averse toward editing toward a more complete and fair article. However, you continually throw in right-wing POV statements. That's not okay.

You may want to consider making your changes one at a time, like one per day or something. If you make 2 good changes and 7 bad ones, I'm likely to just revert the whole thing (because I'm only on WP a couple times a day) whereas if you make each edit separately then I will revert only the objectionable, POV ones and keep the good ones.

I think the article has been made better by our interchange, more representative of both sides; however, much of what you are adding is POV and frankly borders on trolling. For example, removing the entire "Class and relation to the labor market" section. Relationship to the labor market, in a capitalist society, is a major part of what defines class. EventHorizon talk 04:04, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jrwilheim


text:
User talk:Tydaj

Archive: User_talk:Tydaj/2005

Another translation request
I've translated Tepui, let me know what you think. --Malthusian (talk) 12:20, 16 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Very nice! --Tydaj 13:44, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Jewish views of Jesus
I noticed you were involed with the page "Jewish views of Jesus". I have made major changes to the article and would appresiate your input. Jon513 12:42, 19 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Sensible organization! Thank you --Tydaj 13:55, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Metatrons Cube
Hi Tydaj, just passing though and saw the image you added for the cube. Last time I was on the page I thought it was something that should really be there. One question is the picture you added is not the same as the picture on the cubicao.tk website that's linked out. To show what I mean try making a small cube with your version then with the version on the website. You can't make a small cube with theirs. Just wondering why yours is different basically? Regards -- Shimirel (Talk) 00:10, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Pretty intresting stuff did you notice the first one in google is different from both the other versions above as the star in the center has twin walls. Theirs another version on google that combined Flower of Life and Metatrons Cube which was pretty cool. As you said though the twin cube version like you have drawn seems to a good bet as the original shape. The time cube thing is quite bizzare not heard of that before, though the cubicao site did come across as being a little... odd when I was there. I put together this video that draws the cube and shows the various shapes inside in Shockwave Flash. Ill do another version drawing it like yours so I've got both versions. Was just messing around its quite an intresting subject. Best Regards -- Shimirel (Talk) 20:39, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Tydaj, I will refer to this image of yours, [[Image:Metatrons cube.jpg]]. It shows a smaller cube inside a larger cube. The smaller cube is the true Metatron's Cube (except that it's missing some of the lines, apparently). You don't need the larger cube in order to form the platonic solids.
 * I'd say that the larger cube is just an extension of the smaller cube, an extension that causes it to cover the full Flower of Life figure.
 * Yes, the CubicAO article on Metatron's Cube contains details on how to construct a Metatron's Cube. It is certainly worth examining.

Ekajati -> Ekajata
Please do not perform cut & paste moves, it is against WP policy as it loses the edit history of the article. The proper method would have been to first move the Ekajati article to Ekajata, then expand it. Also, it would have been polite to make a move request on WP:RM and follow the documented process for ensuring that there is concensus to move the page after discussion on the talk page. -Ekajati 20:31, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Userbox Public Transit
According to The German solution, here’s a a tip for you: (in lieu of the blanked template:User Public Transit). -- Olve 21:57, 7 June 2006 (UTC) (corr. Olve 22:26, 7 June 2006 (UTC))

Using of Metatron's Cube on Spanish Wiki
Hi, i would like to use your image of metatron's cube on Spanish Wikipedia page, but i dont seem to get it right. Maybe i ignore how its supossed to be done, im relatively new on wikipedia; i guess its that image its not in commons, and it can be used only on english wikipedia, correct me if i am wrong. If thats the point, i would beg you to upload it to commons and make it useful for other wikipedias, or either show me the proper way i can use it on spanish. Thanks a lot. --Barfly2001 13:40, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Ramtha's School of Enlightenment
I have nominated Ramtha's School of Enlightenment, an article you created, for deletion. I do not feel that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Ramtha's School of Enlightenment. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. PouponOnToast (talk) 20:55, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Uni
Template:Uni has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. SchuminWeb (Talk) 01:57, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion
A template you created has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you. –xenotalk 14:11, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

File:Metatrons cube.jpg missing description details
Dear uploader: The media file you uploaded as: is missing a description and/or other details on its image description page. If possible, please add this information. This will help other editors make better use of the image, and it will be more informative to readers.
 * File:Metatrons cube.jpg

If you have any questions, please see Help:Image page. Thank you. Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 15:51, 10 June 2013 (UTC)

Nomination of Lost episode for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Lost episode is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Lost episode until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. 和DITOR E tails 19:03, 28 September 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Universal religion for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Universal religion is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Universal religion until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.  Onel 5969  TT me 02:56, 4 July 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tydaj


text:
Ramanathan Krishnan

Ramanathan Krishnan (born 11 April 1937) is a retired tennis player from India who was among the world's leading players in the 1950s and 1960s. He was twice a semifinalist at Wimbledon in 1960 and 1961, reaching as high as World No. 3 in Potter's amateur rankings. He led India to the Challenge Round of the 1966 Davis Cup against Australia and was the non playing captain when Vijay Amritraj and Anand Amritraj led India into the 1974 Davis Cup finals against South Africa. He was active from 1953 to 1975 and won 69 singles titles.

Junior
Krishnan honed his skills under his father, T. K. Ramanathan, a veteran Nagercoil based player. He soon made his mark on the national circuit, sweeping all the junior titles. He as a 13-year-old school student sought and got special permission from the Principal Gordon of Loyola College to take part in the Bertram Tournament open only to college students and won it in 1951. Krishnan qualified for 1953 Wimbledon and reached final of Boys' singles title losing to Billy Knight. Later he joined and as a student of Loyola College won Junior Wimbledon in 1954. In 1954, he became the first Asian player to win the boys' singles title at Wimbledon, beating Ashley Cooper in the final.

Amateur
In 1957, Krishnan reached the singles final at the Northern Lawn Tennis Championships at Manchester, defeating Roy Emerson and Robert Bédard, but losing the final to Lew Hoad in straight sets. Krishnan reached the final at the Canadian Open in 1957, losing a close final to Bédard, whom Krishnan had beaten several times in Britain that season.
 * 1957

Krishnan would win the Northern Lawn Tennis Championships tournament in 1958, which included a close match win over Rod Laver. The same year he also won the Aix-Les-Bains International Tournament against Patricio Rodríguez.
 * 1958

In 1959, Krishnan won the Queen's Club Championships title, defeating both Alex Olmedo and Neale Fraser in the final two rounds. He played in the men's singles competition at the 1959 Wimbledon losing in the third round to Olmedo. Krishnan rejected a record three-year $150,000 guarantee offer from Jack Kramer in 1959 after winning at Queen's Club. Later that same year, playing for India in the Davis Cup, Krishnan defeated Laver (the Wimbledon runner-up) in four sets. Krishnan also defeated Laver at the 1959 Pacific Southwest tournament in three straight sets. Krishnan won the 1959 U.S. Hard Court Championships in Denver with wins over Gardnar Mulloy in the semifinal and Whitney Reed in three straight sets in the final. Krishnan ranked World No. 3 in Potter's annual rankings for 1959 in World Tennis.
 * 1959

These performances gained Krishnan seventh seeded status at Wimbledon in 1960, where he reached the semi-finals losing to the eventual champion Fraser. Krishnan defeated Andrés Gimeno in five sets on his way to the semifinal. Instead of Krishnan, Kramer signed Gimeno after Wimbledon for a much smaller guarantee than Krishnan had been offered.
 * 1960

Krishnan won the 1961 Wiesbaden tennis tournament, including a win over Wilhelm Bungert. In 1961, Krishnan again reached the Wimbledon semi-finals by beating Emerson in straight sets in the quarter-finals but lost in the semis to eventual champion Laver. The following season, he reached the quarterfinals at the French Open in 1962, where he led Emerson two sets to one, but strangely lost the fifth set at love. Krishnan received his highest seeding at Wimbledon at No. 4 in 1962 but had to withdraw after three matches due to an ongoing ankle injury.
 * 1961-1962

Krishnan won the 1963 Antwerp International Championships tournament on red clay with a four-set win in the final over Nicola Pietrangeli. Krishnan won the 1965 River Oaks International Tennis Tournament at Houston, Texas with wins over Osuna, Emerson in the semi-final in four sets, and Richey in the final in four sets. He was reportedly given a winner's hug of congratulations by future President George H. W. Bush after the victory. In 1967 Krishnan won the Antwerp International Championships on red clay a second time by beating Emerson in the final in three straight sets. He won the National Lawn Tennis Championships of India a record eight times, and reached ten finals.
 * 1963-1967

Registered professional
Krishnan, like Emerson, Stolle, Santana, Okker and other prominent "amateur" tennis players, became a registered professional with a national tennis association. He was under contract to his national tennis association, and not to an independent professional tour, and was therefore eligible to represent India in Davis Cup competition, but also received money earnings in designated tournaments approved by his national association.

Open era
Krishnan won the Canadian Open in 1968 over Torben Ulrich in the final. Krishnan lost to John Newcombe at the inaugural U.S. Open that year. However, Krishnan had a notable win over the hard-hitting Clark Graebner, a semifinalist at the 1968 U.S. Open, in Davis Cup play later that season, in which Graebner "was completely befuddled by the junk-balling tactics of Krishnan...losing decisively." Also that year, Krishnan won the Stuttgart tournament on red clay, which included a win over Jürgen Fassbender. After 1968, Krishnan played sporadically. Krishnan's last tournament was a first round loss at Calcutta in 1975 to Tom Gorman.

Davis Cup
Krishnan was a key member of the Indian team. In 1961, Krishnan had singles wins over both Chuck McKinley (Wimbledon finalist in 1961) and Whitney Reed (U.S. No. 1 for 1961), although India lost the tie 3 to 2. Krishnan led the India team to the Challenge Round of the Davis Cup in 1966, whilst also reaching the Inter-Zonal final with the team on five other occasions, in 1956, 1959, 1962, 1963 and 1968. India surprised West Germany in the inter-zonal semi-finals with Krishnan beating Wilhelm Bungert (a Wimbledon finalist later that year). At Calcutta, in the semi-finals against Brazil, the two sides won two matches each and it all came down to Krishnan's match against the Brazilian champion, Thomaz Koch. Koch was leading two sets to one and was up 5–2 in the fourth set when Krishnan staged one of the most memorable comebacks by winning the set 7–5 and then the match. In the final against Australia, Krishnan and Jaidip Mukerjea won the doubles rubber (against John Newcombe and Tony Roche), but Krishnan lost both singles matches (against Fred Stolle and Roy Emerson) as India were defeated 4–1. Krishnan was a regular player on the Indian Davis Cup team between 1953 and 1975, compiling a 69–28 winning record (50–19 in singles and 19–9 in doubles).

Style of play
Krishnan's playing style was known as "touch tennis". Critics hailed Krishnan as a marvel, Lance Tingay of The Daily Telegraph described his tennis as "pure oriental charm" while another described his style as "Eastern magic". More recently, Robert Philip wrote that "each and every Krishnan rally was a thing of rare beauty". According to veteran sports journalist C.V. Narsimhan, "His service was never a powerful weapon, he did not have any powerful groundstrokes either. He won with consistency, angled volleys, and a graceful half volley drop shot now and then". Rafael Osuna, Nicola Pietrangeli and Krishnan's son Ramesh were some of the other notable exponents of this style, emphasizing finesse.

Awards
Krishnan received the Arjuna award in 1961, the Padma Shri in 1962 and the Padma Bhushan in 1967.

Book
Krishnan has written, with his son Ramesh Krishnan and Nirmal Shekar, a book titled A touch of tennis: The story of a tennis family. The book covering the achievements of three generations of tennis-playing Krishnans, was released by Penguin Books India.

Current
Krishnan now lives in Chennai, where he manages a gas distribution agency. Ramesh Krishnan emulated his father's achievement of winning the Wimbledon junior title, and went on to become a leading Indian tennis player in the 1980s. On 25 July 2012, Ramanathan Krishnan re-launched India's premier English-language weekly sports magazine, Sportstar, at a function in Chennai. Krishnan runs a tennis training center in Chennai together with his son.

Career highlights

 * 1954 – Wimbledon – junior champion
 * 1958 – Northern Championships champion – won close match over Laver
 * 1959 – Queen's Club Championships champion – defeated Olmedo and Fraser
 * 1959 – U.S. Hard Court Championships champion – defeated Reed and Mulloy
 * 1959 – Pacific Southwest Championships runner-up- defeated Laver and lost final to Emerson
 * 1960 – Wimbledon – seeded seventh, defeated Gimeno and reached the semi-finals (losing to eventual champion Neale Fraser)
 * 1961 – Wimbledon – seeded seventh, defeated Emerson and reached the semi-finals for the second consecutive time (losing to eventual champion Rod Laver)
 * 1963 – Antwerp International champion – defeated Pietrangeli in four set final
 * 1965 – River Oaks International Tennis Championships champion – defeated Osuna, Emerson in four sets, and Richey in four sets
 * 1966 – member of the Indian team which reached the final of the Davis Cup (lost to Australia in the final)
 * 1967 – Antwerp International champion – defeated Emerson in final in three straight sets
 * 1968 – Canadian Open champion – defeated Torben Ulrich in final

title: Ramanathan Krishnan


text:
Bernard Food Industries

Bernard Food Industries is an American food product corporation. It is part of a family business established in 1947. Bernard Food Industries is headquartered in Evanston, Illinois; a Chicago suburb. The company was founded by Jules Bernard and is currently controlled by Steven Bernard.

It's brands include the Bernard, Calorie Control, Sweet'N Low, Sans Sucre and Longhorn Grill.

The company has produced, for some years, empty tin cans, labelled as "Bernard Dehydrated Water", as a novelty item.

title: Bernard Food Industries


text:
Methuselah (cellular automaton)

In cellular automata, a methuselah is a small "seed" pattern of initial live cells that take a large number of generations in order to stabilize. More specifically, Martin Gardner defines them as patterns of fewer than ten live cells which take longer than 50 generations to stabilize, although some patterns that are larger than ten cells have also been called methuselahs. Patterns must eventually stabilize to be considered methuselahs. The term comes from the Biblical Methuselah, who lived for 969 years.

In Conway's Game of Life
In Conway's Game of Life, one of the smallest methuselahs is the R-pentomino, a pattern of five cells first considered by Conway himself, that takes 1103 generations before stabilizing with 116 cells. The acorn, a pattern of only seven live cells developed by Charles Corderman, takes 5206 generations to stabilize and produce a 633-cell pattern referred to as its "oak". Some other examples of methuselahs are called bunnies and rabbits.

title: Methuselah (cellular automaton)


text:
Category:Film stubs

If possible, use one of the sub-categories below. Films may also be categorized by year, director, genre, cultural origin, etc.; see for a list of sub-cats.

title: Category:Film stubs


text: User talk:12.76.89.80

title: User talk:12.76.89.80


text:
Parasite Dolls

Parasite Dolls (パラサイトドールズ) is a three-part original video animation produced by AIC and Imagica Entertainment, and written by Chiaki J. Konaka and Kazuto Nakazawa. The series is set in the Bubblegum Crisis universe and takes place after the events of the original OVA series, from 2034 to 2040. It is set in the city of Megatokyo, and focuses on a division of A.D. Police known as Branch. They are tasked with stopping terrorist activities as well as Boomers (androids) that have become harmful to society.

Plot
Parasite Dolls is set in the original Bubblegum Crisis universe, taking place shortly after the events of the original OVA series. It focuses on a division of A.D. Police called Branch that is tasked with stopping terrorist activities and destroying Boomers that are a threat to society.

Characters

 * Basil "Buzz" Nikvest
 * Lieutenant Basil "Buzz" Nikvest is a member of the Branch special task force of the AD Police. He was transferred to Branch five years before the story for shooting a child he thought was a boomer. Due to his mistake he is reluctant to carry a sidearm, despite being a gifted marksman. He was made a widower when his wife was killed by a rogue boomer.

 * Reiko Michaelson
 * Sergeant Reiko Michaelson is the heavy weapons and vehicles expert in Branch. She flies a helicopter and is usually at the front lines for fighting Boomers.

 * Kouji Takahashi
 * Kouji Takahashi is the Inspector in charge of Branch operations.

 * Rod Kimball
 * Sergeant Rod Kimball is a Boomer who serves alongside Buzz in Branch. While he cannot hold an official rank, he is treated as a Sergeant. He was also able to identify Reiko's romantic feelings for Buzz. He was killed while saving Reiko from a helicopter assassination.

 * Elza "Angel" Lynch
 * While technically a member of Branch, Lieutenant Elza "Angel" Lynch spends most of her time undercover, investigating the Genom Corporation. She has silver hair and a dark complexion.

 * Bill Myers
 * An electronics and computer hacker, Bill Myers serves as the Branch's Boomer expert. The only person he seems to get along with is Buzz.

Cast
Additional voices

Japanese: Kouichi Kuriyama, Hajime Iijima, Hiroaki Yoshida, Kenji Nomura, Mitsuru Ogata, Tadahisa Seizen, Toshitaka Shimizu, Yuko Kagata, Yuna Iwaki

English: David Born, Gene Tognacci, George Manley, James Reed Faulkner, Jay Hickman, John Gremillion, John Swasey, John Tyson, Jovan Jackson, Kevin Charles, Mark Laskowski, Matt Culpepper, Mike MacRae, Nancy Novotny, Rob Mungle, Robert Anderson, Sasha Paysinger, Shawn Taylor, Tiffany Grant, Victor Carsrud

Reception
Critical reception of Parasite Dolls has been generally positive. Nicoletta Christina Browne of THEM Anime Reviews gave the series a rating of 3 out of 5 stars. She found the installment to be "a good series that doesn't pull many surprises but does make a satisfying if sometimes a bit graphic watch. If one comes in without expectations of greatness and prepared for the violence, you'll likely enjoy it just fine." Browne recommended it for fans of cyberpunk, and also that it would be for mature teens and adults for its graphic violence and implicit sex.

Chris Beveridge of the Fandom Post found the audio and video for the collection to have no major issues, but disliked the cover artwork. He liked that the series featured some of the "dark underbelly" of the Bubblegum Crisis universe and without the bubblegum or the pop of the previous series and OVAs. He wrote: "This is a cop drama of a sort set in the future that tells three engaging tales and lets the third one really play with the world we’ve come to know. This is the kind of show I want to see as a series, not that other AD Police TV series. This is the good stuff."

title: Parasite Dolls


text:
Manchester Community College (Connecticut)

Manchester Community College (MCC) is a public community college in Manchester, Connecticut. Founded in 1963, it is the third-oldest of the twelve community colleges governed by the Connecticut State Colleges & Universities system (CSCU) and has graduated more than 23,000 students since the first class in 1965.

MCC is the largest of the state's community colleges, serving more than 15,000 students a year, with nearly 6,000 undergraduate students in credit programs, and more than 7,000 credit-free and 2,000 credit extension students each year. It has an annual budget of more than $31 million.

In 1996, MCC was named an "Honor Institution" by the Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation due to its "remarkable history of nurturing and encouraging students' academic and intellectual abilities and motivation." The college remains the only American community college to have been recognized as such.

MCC is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

Service area
MCC has the largest service area of the Connecticut community colleges, being the primary community college for the towns of Andover, Bolton, Columbia, Coventry, East Hartford, Ellington, Glastonbury, Hebron, Mansfield, Marlborough, Rockville, South Windsor, Stafford, Storrs, Tolland, Union, Vernon, and Willington, in addition to Manchester.

However, only 56% of the credit student population hails from the primary service area. There are multiple reasons for this, including the college's reputation in specialized programs such as the culinary arts and criminal justice; cross-registration from students attending other colleges, such as the University of Hartford, University of Saint Joseph in West Hartford and Central Connecticut State University in New Britain; and the fact that the Town of Manchester borders Tolland County, the only county in Connecticut not to have a community college of its own.

Campus
The MCC campus is situated on 160 acre in the southwest corner of Manchester, near the town lines with East Hartford and Glastonbury as well as I-384. The campus is mostly undeveloped, with large wooded areas and open land spaces.

The main buildings are the Learning Resource Center; the Arts, Sciences and Technologies Center; and the Frederick Lowe Building, which is the oldest building on the campus, having been dedicated in 1986. There are also six smaller single-classroom buildings located in the center of the college's courtyard, collectively known as "The Village," which house some of the specialized programs, including manufacturing technology and the musical arts.

Special facilities include PC and Macintosh computer labs, a library, a television studio, the SBM Charitable Foundation Auditorium, science and allied health labs, the Hans Weiss Newspace Gallery and fine art studios, and numerous study spaces. An outdoor bandshell hosts concerts and special events periodically throughout the year, including commencement in May.

For fitness and athletics, MCC has baseball, softball, and soccer fields. The Town of Manchester walking trails also pass through the campus, connecting it to the East Coast Greenway. The campus also features a large pond behind the bandshell, which is frequented by the early childhood education program as a sample field trip site.

The East Campus was a group of temporary classroom buildings and faculty offices as well as other facilities that were dedicated in 1971. These single-story modular buildings were intended to be temporary and were said to have a lifespan of approximately 10 years. However, they remained in use for 31 years, until the Learning Resource Center and Arts, Sciences and Technologies Center opened in fall 2002. As of fall 2008, the East Campus buildings have been demolished and the area is undergoing redevelopment.

Academics
MCC offers associate in art and associate in science degrees in more than 40 disciplines. The college also offers programs of a shorter duration in each of the areas listed above, resulting in the awarding of a certificate. The certificate programs range from 12 to 30 credits, and some may be completed in as little as one year. The college also hosts various seminars, workshops, exhibitions, and guest speakers each year.

Student support services
The Center for Student Development offers support services for students with disabilities and those needing additional academic help, including counseling, advising, tutoring, transitional programs, and services for international and minority students. In addition to traditional tutoring, the Writing Center serves as a place where students can receive drop-in assistance with essay development and structure.

The MCC Career Services and Cooperative Education department provides employment guidance and resources for students, including for the internship program. Specialized services are available for veterans and women, as well as people with disabilities. Additional offerings include the Child Development Center, Tech-Prep programs, and Excursions in Learning programs for youth and families.

Honors program
Since 1992, MCC has also offered a highly active honors program for students pursuing a more challenging curriculum. The honors program allows students to conduct specialized research, pursue topics of personal interest, write papers to be submitted for publication, and otherwise engage in activities not typically undertaken by MCC students. A minimum cumulative grade point average of 3.4/4.0 must be maintained to remain in the program.

Students in the honors program can take special honors courses in fields such as literature, political science, foreign language, mathematics, and the physical sciences. They receive special notation on their transcripts, in addition to any Latin or semester honors for which they may be eligible.

Continuing education
Through its Continuing Education division, MCC also offers a wide variety of programs throughout the year, including regular credit programs during the summer aimed at working adults. Credits earned through the Continuing Education can be applied to an MCC degree or certificate.

Credit-free programs are also offered by the division during the spring, summer, fall, and winter periods. These are courses of general interest to the local population, typically on topics related to personal development, culture, and hobbies such as gardening and photography. Most credit-free courses meet between four and six times and do not involve the same academic requirements as credit courses.

The Continuing Education division also offers credit-free certificates, including Certified Nurse-Aide, Complete Microsoft Office, Emergency Medical Technician, Oracle Database Administrator, Precision Machining, and Principles and Practices of Real Estate certification.

Transferring
MCC students have successfully transferred to more than 100 public and private universities, both in Connecticut and throughout the country.

MCC has joint programs with both the University of Connecticut and Eastern Connecticut State University that provide students with guaranteed admission to either university and dual academic counseling while pursuing their associate degree. MCC was the first Connecticut community college to have an articulation agreement with UConn's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. All students graduating with a 2.0/4.0 GPA or higher can attend any of the Connecticut State University System institutions.

Campus life
There are students from more than 70 countries attending MCC, with about 50 languages being spoken among them. In fall 2007, 52% of the student body was 21 years of age or younger.

MCC has hosted a variety of special events and programs in recent years, including performances by artists such as Chris Botti, Katz, and Peterson Toscano; major campaign appearances by Ned Lamont and John Larson; lectures by Scott Ritter, Bernie Siegel, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Ralph Nader; and a visiting professorship by E. R. Braithwaite.

Cocurricular activities
MCC has the largest student activities budget within the Connecticut Community Colleges and also receives separate institutional funding for its athletics teams. All registered student organizations operate under the supervision of the Manchester Community College Student Senate, the college's student government association, which provides each active organization with an annual budget of up to $800, not including additional travel and event special funding opportunities.

The college has more than 35 student clubs and organizations, including business and pre-professional clubs, social groups, and cultural organizations. The college's student newspaper, the Live Wire, has received several awards from the Associated Collegiate Press at its national conventions during the paper's history, while the college's student-run Internet radio station, ICE Internet Radio, has been broadcasting since 2007. The college is also home to the Computer Repair and Share Club, offering computer repair to the students and staff at no charge.

The college is also home to the Manchester Community College Alumni Association, the Manchester Community College Foundation, and the Manchester Community College Organization of Active Adults (formerly the Older Adult Association).

Honor societies
MCC has chapters of several honor societies, with the college's chapter of Phi Theta Kappa, the two-year equivalent of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, being the largest and most active. Other notable honor societies with chapters at the college include Alpha Mu Gamma, a national foreign language honor society; Alpha Beta Gamma, a national business honor society; and Epsilon Pi Tau, an international honor society for technology students. In addition to holding induction ceremonies at least once a year, most of the honor societies at Manchester Community College also hold regular events, fundraisers, and other forms of programming, both on and off campus.

Athletics
The only Connecticut community college with an intercollegiate athletics program, MCC hosts four sports teams – soccer and basketball for women, and soccer and baseball for men. The men's soccer team and women's basketball teams are particularly noted, frequently appearing in the top ten of the national rankings. In addition, the baseball team advanced to the NJCAA World Series in 1994, 2008, and 2009. All teams, known as the Cougars, competed in Region XXI of Division III of the National Junior College Athletic Association.

In February 2013, it was announced that Manchester Community College would be ending its athletic program due to budget restrictions.

The Fitness Center, open to all students, faculty, and staff, offers aerobics and weight-training facilities. Specialized courses in areas such as kickboxing, pilates, and fencing are also available.

Community programs
Although most cocurricular events are restricted to enrolled credit students, many other programs are available to the Greater Manchester community as a whole. The MCC International Film Series showcases one foreign film per month in the SBM Charitable Foundation Auditorium; there is no admission charge. Special lectures offered by campus-based groups and organizations that include the Institute of Local History, part of the History Department, and the Association on Community & Inclusion, a disability rights organization, welcome interested learners from throughout the community to attend.

The Manchester campus is also frequently used by outside organizations for special events, including charity walks, club and civic organization meetings, political events, and press conferences and special information sessions conducted by other state organizations.

Great Path Academy
MCC is home to Great Path Academy, a middle college high school housed at the college that has an enrollment of more than 100 students. Great Path (or GPA) is a collaborative effort between Manchester Community College, the Connecticut Community-Technical Colleges, and the Capitol Region Education Council.

Students at Great Path complete their high school courses at the college and are also able to take regular MCC courses for credit. Upon graduation from Great Path, the average GPA student has already earned 30 college credits, which they can then transfer to another institution or apply towards an MCC degree.

Manchester began construction during the 2007-2008 academic year for a new wing for Great Path, which is expected to eventually increase enrollment to about 300 students. Opened in June 2009, the new Great Path wing, named for the college's president emeritus Jonathan M. Daube, added additional classroom and student space. It also houses a gymnasium that will serve as the home court for the college's women's basketball team.

Notable attendees and alumni

 * Carol Lynn Curchoe - Biologist
 * Constance Belton Green - Lawyer and faculty member
 * Fred Norris - Howard Stern Show


text:
Credence

Credence can refer to:

 * credence good in economics, a good whose value is hard for a consumer to ascertain
 * letter of credence, a letter sent by one head of state to another formally accrediting a named individual, usually but not always a diplomat
 * credence table, a small side-table used in the Christian ceremony of the Eucharist
 * "Credence", a song by Opeth from their third album My Arms, Your Hearse
 * Credence Systems Corporation, a manufacturer of automatic test equipment (ATE) for analog, digital, memory, mixed-signal and wireless semiconductor devices
 * Creedence Clearwater Revival, a rock band led by John Fogerty
 * Credence (film), a 2015 British sci-fi film directed by Mike Buonaiuto
 * Credence (novel), a 2013 graphic novel by Michael Easton
 * Credence (statistics), a measure of belief strength used in statistics
 * Credence Barebone, character from the Wizarding World films

title: Credence


text:
Talk:Bernard Food Industries

Fair use rationale for Image:Longhorn.jpg
Image:Longhorn.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:00, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

De-Orphan attempt
Looks like a lost cause, at the moment. None of the brands of Bernard Food Industries have articles, and there's really no other information in this stub to provide me with any clues of where to link it. Untill the article is expanded, not sure how to de-orphan.Lex Kitten 12:36, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

How do I correctly cite
I am a Bernard Foods employee, member of the bernard family, am I a good source to be cited by? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.3.229.222 (talk) 17:06, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

Notable?
Is this company notable? I have heard of some of their products. Cheers! Wassupwestcoast (talk) 13:14, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

Its the Bernard Foods employee again
I redid the BFI website, spent many months on it, cheers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.3.229.222 (talk) 21:10, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Bernard Food Industries


text: User talk:67.160.140.162

title: User talk:67.160.140.162


text:
Muscular hydrostat

A muscular hydrostat is a biological structure found in animals. It is used to manipulate items (including food) or to move its host about and consists mainly of muscles with no skeletal support. It performs its hydraulic movement without fluid in a separate compartment, as in a hydrostatic skeleton.

A muscular hydrostat, like a hydrostatic skeleton, relies on the fact that water is effectively incompressible at physiological pressures. In contrast to a hydrostatic skeleton, where muscle surrounds a fluid-filled cavity, a muscular hydrostat is composed mainly of muscle tissue. Since muscle tissue itself is mainly made of water and is also effectively incompressible, similar principles apply.

Muscular anatomy
Muscles provide the force to move a muscular hydrostat. Since muscles are only able to produce force by contracting and becoming shorter, different groups of muscles have to work against each other, with one group relaxing and lengthening as the other group provides the force by contracting. Such complementary muscle groups are termed antagonistic pairs.

The muscle fibers in a muscular hydrostat are oriented in three directions: parallel to the long axis, perpendicular to the long axis, and wrapped obliquely around the long axis.

The muscles parallel to the long axis are arranged in longitudinal bundles. The more peripherally these are located, the more elaborate bending movements are possible. A more peripheral distribution is found in tetrapod tongues, octopus arms, nautilus tentacles, and elephant trunks. Tongues that are adapted for protrusion typically have centrally located longitudinal fibers. These are found in snake tongues, many lizard tongues, and the mammalian anteaters.

The muscles perpendicular to the long axis may be arranged in a transverse, circular, or radial pattern. A transverse arrangement involves sheets of muscle fibers running perpendicular to the long axis, usually alternating between horizontal and vertical orientations. This arrangement is found in the arms and tentacles of squid, octopuses, and in most mammalian tongues. A radial arrangement involves fibers radiating out in all directions from the center of the organ. This is found in the tentacles of the chambered nautilus and in the elephant proboscis (trunk). A circular arrangement has rings of contractive fibers around the long axis. This is found in many mammalian and lizard tongues along with squid tentacles.

Helical or oblique fibers around the long axis are generally present in two layers with opposite chirality and wrap around the central core of musculature.

Mechanism of operation
In a muscular hydrostat, the musculature itself both creates movement and provides skeletal support for that movement. It can provide this support because it is composed primarily of an incompressible “liquid" and is thus constant in volume. The most important biomechanical feature of a muscular hydrostat is its constant volume. Muscle is composed primarily of an aqueous liquid that is essentially incompressible at physiological pressures. In a muscular hydrostat or any other structure of constant volume, a decrease in one dimension will cause a compensatory increase in at least one other dimension. The mechanisms of elongation, bending and torsion in muscular hydrostats all depend on constancy of volume to effect shape changes in the absence of stiff skeletal attachments. Since muscular hydrostats are under constant volume when the diameter increases or decreases, the length must also decrease or increase, respectively. When looking at a cylinder the volume is: V=πr²l. When the radius is differentiated with respect to the length: dr/dl=-r/(2l). From this, if a diameter decreases by 25%, the length will increase by approximately 80% which may produce a large amount of force depending on what the animal is trying to do.

Elongation and shortening
Elongation in hydrostats is caused by the contraction of transverse or helical musculature arrangements. Given the constant volume of muscular hydrostats, these contractions cause an elongation of the longitudinal muscles. Change in length is proportional to the square of the decrease in diameter. Therefore, contractions of muscles perpendicular to the long axis will cause a decrease in diameter while keeping a constant volume will elongate the organ length-wise. Shortening, on the other hand, can be caused by contraction of the muscles parallel to the long axis resulting in the organ increasing in diameter as well as shortening in length.

The muscles used in elongation and shortening maintain support through the constant volume principle and their antagonistic relationships with each other. These mechanisms are seen often in prey capture of shovelnose frogs and chameleons, as well as in the human tongue and many other examples. In some frogs, the tongue elongates up to 180% of its resting length. Extra-oral tongues show higher length/width ratios than intra-oral tongues, allowing for a greater increase in length (more than 100% of resting length, as compared to intra-oral tongues at only about 50% of resting length increase). Greater elongation lengths trade off with the force produced by the organ; as the length/width ratio is increased elongation increases while force is decreased. Squids have been shown to use muscular hydrostat elongation in prey capture and feeding as well.

Bending
The bending of a muscular hydrostat can occur in two ways, both of which require the use of antagonistic muscles. The unilateral contraction of a longitudinal muscle will produce little or no bending and will serve to increase the diameter of the muscular hydrostat because of the constant volume principle that must be met. To bend the hydrostat structure, the unilateral contraction of longitudinal muscle must be accompanied by contractile activity of transverse, radial, or circular muscles to maintain a constant diameter. Bending of a muscular hydrostat can also occur by the contraction of transverse, radial, or circular muscles which decreases the diameter. Bending is produced by longitudinal muscle activity which maintains a constant length on one side of the structure.

The bending of a muscular hydrostat is particularly important in animal tongues. This motion provides the mechanism by which a snake flicks the air with its tongue to sense its surroundings, and it is also responsible for the complexities of human speech.

Stiffening
The stiffening of a muscular hydrostat is accomplished by the muscle or connective tissue of the hydrostat resisting dimensional changes.

Torsion
Torsion is the twisting of a muscular hydrostat along its long axis and is produced by a helical or oblique arrangement of musculature which have varying direction. For a counter-clockwise torsion it is necessary for a right-hand helix to contract. Contraction of a left-hand helix causes clockwise torsion. The simultaneous contraction of both right and left-hand helixes results in an increase in resistance to torsional forces. The oblique or helical muscle arrays in the muscular hydrostats are located in the periphery of the structure, wrapping the inner core of musculature, and this peripheral location provides a larger moment through which the torque is applied than a more central location. The effect of helically arranged muscle fibers, which may also contribute to changes in length of a muscular hydrostat, depends on fiber angle—the angle that the helical muscle fibers make with the long axis of the structure.

The length of the helical fiber is at a minimum when the fiber angle equals 54°44′ and is at maximum length when the fiber angle approaches 0° and 90°. Summed up, this means that helically arranged muscle fibers with a fiber angle greater than 54°44′ will create force for both torsion and elongation while helically arranged muscle fibers with a fiber angle less than 54°44′ will create force for both torsion and shortening. The fiber angle of the oblique or helical muscle layers must increase during shortening and decrease during lengthening. In addition to creating a torsional force, the oblique muscle layers will therefore create a force for elongation that may aid the transverse musculature in resisting longitudinal compression.

Examples

 * Whole bodies of many worms
 * Feet of mollusks (including arms and tentacles in cephalopods  )
 * Tongues of mammals and reptiles
 * Trunks of elephants
 * The snout of the West Indian manatee

Technological applications
A group of engineers and biologists have collaborated to develop robotic arms that are able to manipulate and handle various objects of different size, mass, surface texture and mechanical properties. These robotic arms have many advantages over previous robotic arms that were not based on muscular hydrostats.

title: Muscular hydrostat


text:
User talk:MARQUIS111

WaveLAN Network Cards
Apologies for contacting you via a Wikipedia discussion page; however, you do not have email enabled. I see you uploaded two pictures of WAVLAN cards. I am an patent attorney and would like to see if you still have the cards, and, if so, if I could buy/borrow the cards for a case I am working on. I have email enabled, so I would appreciate it if you would email me and let me know. You may also search for my last name to find my law firm and see my credentials.

Jwyde (talk) 19:07, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

Hi, I am writing a book chapter about Wireless community networks in Czech republic, including their history. I want to cite this wikipedia article and include it in the list of references (bibliography), because it is the most complete info I have found - good work! I think it would be good to put your name in the bibliography as "Surname, Name et al." but I can't find your name anywhere. Could you please send it to me by email? Or maybe you want to stay anonymous, then just reply here. Thanks a lot! --Dulik (talk) 10:21, 9 March 2012 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Cisco SSG-6510

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Merge discussion for Timing belt (camshaft)
An article that you have been involved in editing, Timing belt (camshaft), has been proposed for a merge with another article. If you are interested in the merge discussion, please participate by going here, and adding your comments on the discussion page. Thank you. Sincerely, SamBlob (talk) 13:41, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Proposed deletion of List of Chrysler bellhousing patterns

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Nomination of Toyota V transmission for deletion
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Toyota V transmission listed at Redirects for discussion
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title: User talk:MARQUIS111


text:
User talk:Sithunml

Hi, could you please explain why you are posting these addresses? Wmahan. 04:51, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)

Wikipedia is not a phone book. You are welcome to write articles about these places, but please don't create articles which only contain names, addresses and phone numbers. RickK 05:16, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, everyone I do apologize for this. I have no idea about what I'm doing. Just testing this blog. Anyway I'll take care about this. sithunml

title: User talk:Sithunml


text: Category:Drinking establishments

title: Category:Drinking establishments


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brett Bollier

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:42, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Brett Bollier
I'm reluctant to waste everyone's time (incl. my own) on obvious ones like this, but if I don't go through the process on this, it will create an atmosphere of lawlessness that would get stretched further than I want it to go. So here it is: no verifiability or notability presented. Meelar (talk) 04:19, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 04:58, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Born 1991; a list of where he and his family lived and attended school. If you're reading, Brent: Welcome to Wikipedia! Please respect the warning not to create an article about yourself. Delete. Samaritan 05:09, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, joke by anon with no other contributions, see Wikipedia talk:Votes for deletion/Brett Bollier and Talk:Brett Bollier. Page is now protected I see following three removals of the VfD notice. Andrewa 06:01, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete awful kiddie vanity. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 13:44, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, obviously. And it is downright embarrassing that this is not a speedy deletion candidate. -R. fiend 19:00, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Brett Bollier

-No way dont delete it. its funny im gonna make my own page —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 67.160.140.162 (talk • contribs) 04:19, 11 February 2005 (UTC).

Embarrassing.
It is embarrassing that this was not under speedy delete. -- S iva1979 Talk to me  20:11, 9 July 2006 (UTC)


text:
K. S. Chithra

Krishnan Nair Shantakumari Chithra (born 27 July 1963) is an Indian playback singer and Carnatic musician. In a career spanning over four decades, she has recorded over 25,000 songs in various Indian languages,   as well as foreign languages such as Malay, Latin, Arabic, Sinhalese, English and French. She is also known for her extensive history of collaboration with music composers like A. R. Rahman, Ilaiyaraja, Hamsalekha, M. M. Keeravani and with the playback singers K. J. Yesudas and S. P. Balasubrahmanyam over the years.

She is cited as the Golden Voice of India by world's Prestigious Royal Albert Hall, London in 2001 and Melody Queen of Indian Cinema by Radio Mirchi, The Times Group in 2016. She is honoured with the title First Ladies by the President of India in 2018 for being the first Indian woman to be honoured by British Parliament at House of Commons, United Kingdom in 2003. In 2024, she was again honored by the British Parliament, United Kingdom, with the title The Greatest Indian Singer of All Times.

Chithra is a recipient of six National Film Awards, nine Filmfare Awards South and 36 different state film awards from six states of India such as 16 Kerala State Film Awards, 11 Andhra Pradesh State Film Awards, 4 Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, 3 Karnataka State Film Awards, 1 Orissa State Film Awards, 1 West Bengal State Film Awards. She was awarded India's third-highest civilian honours Padma Bhushan in 2021 and Padma Shri in 2005 for her valuable contributions towards the Indian musical fraternity.

In 2009, She became the first Indian artist to be honoured by Government of China while performing live at the Qinghai International river festival. Barring Lata Mangeshkar, she also remains the second female playback singer from India to have performed at the prestigious Royal Albert Hall in London in 2001 and her Performance was applauded with much appreciation by a roomful of an international audience. Her song "Kannalane/Kehna Hi Kya" from the film Bombay (1995) was included in United Kingdom The Guardian "1000 Songs Everyone Must Hear Before You Die" list.

Early life
Chithra was born 27 July 1963 in the city of Trivandrum (now Thiruvananthapuram) of the Kerala state. Her father, Krishnan Nair was a school teacher and a music enthusiast who taught basics of music to all his three children. He died after a long battle with cancer on 18 July 1986. Her mother Shanthakumari was also a music teacher. She has an elder sister, K. S. Beena who is a former singer and younger brother K. S. Mahesh who is a musician. Chithra completed her schooling at the Cotton Hill Government Girls High School in Thiruvananthapuram. She acknowledges that it was the teachers of the school who spotted her talent in music. Chithra received her training in Carnatic music from K. Omanakutty for seven years. She graduated in B.A. in music with first class and third rank from the University of Kerala. She was selected for the National Talent Search Scholarship from the Government of India during the period 1978 - 1984.

Malayalam cinema
K. S. Chithra was introduced to Malayalam playback by M. G. Radhakrishnan in 1979 who recorded her voice for films and private albums. Attahasam, Snehapoorvam Meera and Njan Ekananu were the first few films in which she recorded her voice. She also performed live concerts with K. J. Yesudas in India and abroad. The song "Manjal Prasadavum" from the film Nakhakshathangal (1986) composed by Bombay Ravi got her the second National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer. For the same composer, she sang the song "Indupushpam Choodi Nilkum" for the film Vaishali (1989) and won her third National Film Award. Her first Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer was for the song "Poomaname" from the film Nirakkoottu (1985) composed by Shyam. Since then, she has earned wide recognition by singing popular songs under the compositions of Raveendran, Shyam, S. P. Venkitesh, Mohan Sithara, Salil Chowdhury, Kannur Rajan, Ilaiyaraaja, Johnson, Ouseppachan, M. K. Arjunan, A. T. Ummer, Berny Ignatius, M. B. Sreenivasan, Mohan Sithara, Vidyasagar, Ramesh Narayan, Sharreth, M. Jayachandran and Deepak Dev. She is regarded as "Nightingale of Kerala (Vanambadi)" and recorded many successful songs in Malayalam. She recorded a number of songs for the composer S. P. Venkitesh and her maximum duet songs in Malayalam are with K. J. Yesudas and M. G. Sreekumar. As of 2017, she has won the Kerala State Awards for the record 16 times. Her latest song "Theerame" from the movie Malik (2021) became another awesome hit in Malayalam Music Industry.

Telugu cinema
Chithra's first Telugu song was "Paadalenu Pallavaina" from the dubbed version of Tamil film Sindhu Bhairavi (1985) composed by Ilaiyaraaja, later sang a humming in a song sung by K. J. Yesudas composed by K. V. Mahadevan for the picture Pralayam (1985). Her first song in a Telugu film is "Gelupu Maade" from Vijrumbhana (1986), composed by K. Chakravarthy. Later went on to sing songs to many Telugu composers like Sathyam, Raj-Koti, Ilaiyaraja, K. V. Mahadevan & K. Chakravarthy for the years 1986–88, but she gained initial recognition/break-through for compositions by Ilaiyaraja like "Jallanta Kavvinta" from Geethanjali (1989) & "Ninnukori Varnam" from Gharshana( 1988) and then went onto sing several songs to many composers in Telugu. It was from then onwards that she became a notable singer in Telugu and went on to record every other song in each album being the solo card female singer for almost all the films in the 90s. It was the moment where she established herself as a well recognized singer and strengthening her position in Telugu films by almost taking the place of S. Janaki from 1990. Chithra received her first Nandi Award, presented by Government of Andhra Pradesh for "Kalika Chilakala Koliki" from Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu (1991). She won a total of 11 Nandi Awards as Best Female Playback Singer for various Telugu songs. As the years passed by Chithra was recognized as a legendary singer in Telugu whose era or legacy was considered to be the golden era standing next to P. Susheela and S. Janaki. As of today Chithra is considered as one of the finest singers of the Telugu film industry whose charisma is remarkable. She sang maximum songs in Telugu to M. M. Keeravani and also worked with almost every notable composer from then to till date.

Hindi cinema
Chithra was introduced to Hindi film music in 1985; she recorded her first Hindi song composed by S. P. Venkitesh, which was not commercially released. For the 1991 Hindi film Love, composers Anand–Milind, called upon her to sing duets song along with S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and since then, Chithra has recorded for around 200 Bollywood songs.

Apart from film songs, Chithra recorded for many private albums of which Piya Basanti and Sunset Point became hugely popular and went on to win several laurels including the MTV Music Video Awards. The popularity of the former album made her known among the Northern part of Indians identify her as "Piya Basanti" Chitra.

Work and association with music directors
Chithra has sung over 25,000 songs.

Concerts
Apart from playback singing, she also appeared among the panel of judges in the singing reality television shows at Kerala (Idea Star Singer and Josco Indian Voice), at Tamil Nadu (Airtel Super Singer Junior), where she also won the award for Best Female Judge and at Andhra Pradesh (MAA TV) Super Singer. Apart from this judgement panel she has appeared in music-shows like Swarabhishekam, Super Masti, Jhumandi Nadam. She is a regular singer in Ilayaraja's, A.R. Rahman's and S.P. Balasubrahmanyam's concerts. She has performed all over the world in SPB's concerts along with S. P. Sailaja, S. P. Charan. She has been a regular singer participating in all the concerts of SPB50-The World Tour, she has performed almost all around the world with S. P. B. Charan, S. P. Sailaja, Sunitha Upadrashta Karthik & Shweta Mohan.

She had performed at the Royal Albert Hall and House of Commons in London. On 6 June 2009, she performed in Qinghai International Musical Journey on Water and Life concert with a rendition of "Tunga Tarange Gange" alongside other singers from nations located around various major rivers such as the Ganges, Volga, Rhine, Danube, Mississippi, and Amazon.

Studio albums
Chithra recorded her first studio album with Voodoo Rapper for the album called Ragga Raaga in 1993. She recorded the albums in Hindi, Piya Basanti (2000) and Sunset Point. She associated with Ustad Sultan Khan for Piya Basanti which was certified Gold. Sunset Point had eight songs written and narrated by Gulzar and sung by Chithra and Bhupinder. In 2006, she released an album in dedication to M. S. Subbulakshmi named My Tribute. It is a collection of Kritis and bhajans dedicated to Subbulakshmi. In 2009 she released Nightingale: A Salute to Lataji, a musical tribute to Lata Mangeshkar on her 80th birthday. She also recorded many Malayalam albums for K. J. Yesudas, M. Jayachandran and Sharreth compositions. She also planned a ghazal album with Ghulam Ali and Asha Bhosle.

International projects

 * Recorded with the Arab singer Jawad Ali for his album Amar Ul Hob
 * Recorded a song for the jazz pianist Herbie Hancock

Philanthropy
Chithra, along with a Kerala-based satellite channel, Asianet Cable Vision (ACV), jointly launched a fundraising organisation, Sneha Nandana, to raise funds for the welfare of retired musicians who have lost their careers due to changes in the music industry. She launched this organisation on the occasion of her completion of three decades in the music playback industry. She said that the fund would provide help to the musicians with financial impediments and those suffering from health problems. A cultural event called Chithra Pournami was held on 15 February 2011 at Thiruvananthapuram to celebrate the 30th year of her career and also to launch this organisation.

Awards, honours, and recognition

K S Chithra is cited as the Golden Voice of India by world's prestigious Royal Albert Hall, London in 2001 and Melody Queen of Indian Cinema by Radio Mirchi, The Times Group in 2016. She is honoured with the title First Ladies by the President of India in 2018 for being the first Indian woman to be honoured by British Parliament at House of Commons, United Kingdom in 2003. In 2024, she was again honored by the British Parliament, United Kingdom, with the title The Greatest Indian Singer of All Times. People of India fondly called her as Little Nightingale of Indian Cinema.

Chithra is a recipient of six National Film Awards, nine Filmfare Awards South and 36 different state film awards from six states of India such as 16 Kerala State Film Awards, 11 Andhra Pradesh State Film Awards, 4 Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, 3 Karnataka State Film Awards, 1 Orissa State Film Awards, 1 West Bengal State Film Awards. She was awarded India's third-highest civilian honours Padma Bhushan in 2021 and Padma Shri in 2005 for her valuable contributions towards the Indian musical fraternity. In 2009, She became the first Indian artist to be honoured by Government of China while performing live at the Qinghai International river festival. Her song "Kannalane/Kehna Hi Kya" from the film Bombay (1995) was included in The Guardian "1000 Songs Everyone Must Hear Before You Die" list. She received the MTV Video Music Award – International Viewer's Choice at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York in 2001. She received honorary doctorates from Sathyabama University in 2011 and from The International Tamil University, United States in 2018.

Personal life
Chithra is married to Vijayashankar, an engineer and businessman. They had a daughter who was born with Down syndrome, and drowned in a pool in Dubai in 2011 when Chithra was about to perform at an A. R. Rahman concert.

title: K. S. Chithra


text:
Joe Cuba

Gilberto Miguel Calderón (April 22, 1931 – February 15, 2009), known professionally as Joe Cuba, was an American conga drummer of Puerto Rican descent widely regarded as the "Father of Latin Boogaloo".

Early years
Gilberto Miguel Calderón Cardona was born in Harlem, New York, United States. Calderón's parents moved from Puerto Rico to New York City in the late 1920s, and settled in Spanish Harlem, a Latino community located in Manhattan. Calderón was raised in an apartment building, where his father had become the owner of a candy store, located on the ground floor (street level floor). His father had organized a stickball club called the Young Devils. Stickball was the main sport activity of the neighborhood. After Calderón broke a leg he took up playing the conga and continued to practice with the conga between school and his free time. Eventually, he graduated from high school and joined a band.

Musical career
In 1950, when he was 19 years old, he played for Joe Panama and also for a group called La Alfarona X. The group soon disbanded and Calderón enrolled in college to study law. While at college he attended a concert in which Tito Puente performed "Abaniquito". He went up to Puente and introduced himself as a student and fan, and soon they developed what was to become a lifetime friendship. This event motivated Calderón to organize his own band. In 1954, his agent recommended that he change the band's name from the José Calderón Sextet to the Joe Cuba Sextet, and the newly named Joe Cuba Sextet made their debut at the Stardust Ballroom.

In 1962, after recording three albums for Mardi Gras Records, Cuba recorded his first album with the Joe Cuba Sextet called Steppin' Out featuring the hit "To Be With You", featuring the vocals of Cheo Feliciano and Jimmy Sabater Sr. The band became popular in the New York Latin community. The lyrics to Cuba's music used a mixture of Spanish and English, becoming an important part of the Nuyorican Movement.

In 1965, the Sextet got their first crossover hit with the Latin and soul fusion of "El Pito (I'll Never Go Back to Georgia)". The "I'll Never Go Back to Georgia" chant was taken from Dizzy Gillespie's intro to the seminal Afro-Cuban tune "Manteca." Sabater later revealed that "None of us had ever been to Georgia."

Along with fellow Nuyorican artists such as Ray Barretto and Richie Ray, Cuba was at the forefront of the developing Latin soul sound in New York, merging American R&B styles with Afro-Cuban instrumentation. Cuba was one of the key architects behind the emerging Latin boogaloo sound, which became a popular and influential Latin style in the latter half of the 1960s. In 1966, his band scored a hit on the United States Billboard Hot 100 with the song "Bang! Bang!". The record peaked at No. 63 on the Hot 100, and No. 21 on the R&B chart. The follow-up, "Oh Yeah", peaked at No. 62 on the Hot 100.

Later years and death
In April 1999, Joe Cuba was inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame. In 2004, he was named Grand Marshal of the Puerto Rican Day Parade celebrated in Yonkers, New York. He was also the director of the Museum of La Salsa, located in Spanish Harlem, Manhattan, New York.

Joe Cuba died on February 15, 2009, in New York City, after being removed from life support. He had been hospitalized for a persistent bacterial infection. Cuba's remains were cremated at Woodhaven Cemetery. He is survived by his two adult children (Mitchell & Lisa) from his first wife (Nina, married in 1960)

As leader

 * I Tried To Dance All Night (1956)
 * Mardi Gras Music For Dancing, Vol. 1 (1956)
 * Cha Cha Chá (1957)
 * Mardi Gras Music For Dancing, Vol. 2 (1958)
 * Mardi Gras Music For Dancing, Vol. 3 (1959)
 * Brava Pachanga (1959)
 * Merengue Loco (1961)
 * Joe Cuba (1961)
 * Steppin' Out (1962)
 * To Be With You (1962)
 * Cha Cha Chá's To Soothe The Savage Beast (1962)
 * Diggin' The Most (1963)
 * Vagabundeando! (Hangin' Out) (1963)
 * Comin' At You (1964)
 * El Alma del Barrio (The Soul of Spanish Harlem) (1964)
 * Breakin' Out (1965)
 * Bailadores (1965)
 * Red, Hot and Cha Cha Chá (1965)
 * Estamos Haciendo Algo Bien! (We Must Be Doing Something Right!) (1966)
 * Bang! Bang! Push, Push, Push (Wanted Dead Or Alive) (1966)
 * The Velvet Voice of Jimmy Sabater (1967)
 * My Man Speedy! (1968)
 * Recuerdos de mi Querido Barrio (Memories of My Beloved Neighborhood) (1970)
 * Bustin' Out (1972)
 * Hecho y Derecho (Doing it Right) (1973)
 * Cocinando la Salsa (Cookin' The Sauce) (1976)
 * El Pirata del Caribe (The Caribbean Pirate) (1979)
 * Steppin' Out... Again! (1995)
 * Salsa y Bembé (1998)

Compilations

 * Greatest Hits (2009)
 * El Alcalde del Barrio (2010)
 * The Best of Joe Cuba (Lo Mejor de Joe Cuba) (2010) - Fania Original (Remastered)
 * Anthology (2012)

title: Joe Cuba


text: Talk:Sarikei

title: Talk:Sarikei


text:
Concord Jazz

Concord Jazz is a record company and label founded in 1973 by Carl Jefferson, the former owner of Jefferson Motors Lincoln Mercury dealership in Concord, California. The label was named after the city in the East San Francisco Bay area, and the jazz festival which Jefferson also began. The label issued recordings by Art Blakey, Cannonball Adderley, Stan Getz, Ray Brown, Rosemary Clooney, Chick Corea, Eliane Elias, and Kurt Elling. It is owned by Concord.

Artists

 * Cannonball Adderley
 * Howard Alden
 * Herb Alpert
 * Monty Alexander
 * Steve Allen
 * Eden Atwood
 * George Barnes
 * Ray Barretto
 * Count Basie
 * Art Blakey
 * Terence Blanchard
 * Willie Bobo
 * Ruby Braff
 * Randy Brecker
 * Butcher Brown
 * Ray Brown
 * Dave Brubeck
 * Charlie Byrd
 * Frank Capp
 * Betty Carter
 * Ray Charles
 * Rosemary Clooney
 * John Collins
 * Bing Crosby
 * Jorge Dalto
 * Buddy DeFranco
 * Kurt Elling
 * Herb Ellis
 * Tal Farlow
 * Chris Flory
 * Stan Getz
 * Scott Hamilton
 * Gene Harris
 * Donald Harrison
 * Barney Kessel
 * Henry Mancini
 * Tania Maria
 * Rob McConnell
 * Dave McKenna
 * Marian McPartland
 * Carmen McRae
 * Peter Nero
 * Joe Pass
 * Nat Pierce
 * Tito Puente
 * Benny Reid
 * Emily Remler
 * Poncho Sanchez
 * George Shearing
 * Carol Sloane
 * Cal Tjader
 * Mel Tormé
 * Joe Venuti

title: Concord Jazz


text:
Talk:Buck Shelford

Untitled
Anyone who suffers a ripped scrotum and doesn't retreat from society entirely for the rest of his life is okay in my book. Superking 04:24, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC) Buck is a legend.

Is it just me or does this article look remarkably similar (READ: exactly the same) as this page? Haunti 22:48, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

208.187.72.11: I'm not sure whether you deleted the contents of the talk page by mistake or if you wanted to cover something up, but either way: don't do it. Haunti 15:40, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Someone should mention how he brought pride to the Ka Mate haka.

No mention of his position.

Added position info and paragraph about the haka. --Sarfa 06:01, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

May I ask why you removed the biographical information (position, height, weight, etc.)? --Sarfa 22:01, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

I just watched the 'Bring Back Buck' documentary on Maori TV http://www.maoritelevision.com/default.aspx?tabid=572&pid=8258 and Buck Shelford commented that he didn't know he had ripped his scrotum until after the game, which means that this sentence should be changed? 'Incredibly, after discovering the injury to his scrotum, he calmly asked the physio to stitch up the tear and returned to the field before a blow to his head left him concussed' Wishdasher (talk) 07:12, 21 November 2010 (UTC)

So what was wrong with the way they did the haka before? What's right with it now? Simply saying it's "improved" is pretty much useless.AuntFlo (talk) 10:27, 9 September 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Buck Shelford


text:
Talk:International Monetary Fund gold reserve

Does anybody know who and how this fund was started? What really was the reasoning behind starting it, considering that this funds have been dormant for a very very long time? I have googled around a bit, and most articles out there say very little about the funds operation. For example, who contributed into it? Where is the gold held? Any help would be appreaciated.
 * The gold was contributed by its member countries. If anybody know each members country contribution, help. For example, how much of the gold was contributed by France?
 * The purpose of the fund was to act as collateral for loans borrowed from IMF, that is my impression. This explains why the fund is currently very dormant. The reserve was contributed by rich countries which no longer borrow from IMF
 * Hmm, it seems like IMF sold some gold in the past "Between 1976 and 1980 about one-third of the Fund's gold holdings were sold at public auction to benefit the member developing countries. More than $4,600,000,000 was received from the gold sale" From above statement, its reasonable to infer that the funds current reserve is three times 4.6 trillion in 70s dollars value
 * The International Monetary Fund owned 103 million ounces of gold at the end of 2003, the world's third-largest owner after the U.S. and Germany, GFMS estimates.

General gold data

 * World total cumulative gold stock is approximated at around 1,37,000 tonnes
 * central banks and institutions around the world hold 32,620 tonnes of gold.
 * Bundesbank has 3,400 tonnes of gold in their reserves.
 * Swiss Central Bank has around 900 tonnes of gold in their reserves.

Sales of the fund is cosmetic
I just read an article where Adam Lerrick argues that revaluation of the fund is purely cosmetic (Cooking books) as the money raised from revaluation will come from somewhere else

Euromoney, May 2000 p 14