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Vincent Thomas Bridge

The Vincent Thomas Bridge is a 1500 feet suspension bridge, crossing Los Angeles Harbor in Los Angeles, California, linking San Pedro with Terminal Island. It is the only suspension bridge in the Greater Los Angeles area. The bridge is part of State Route 47, which is also known as the Seaside Freeway. The bridge opened in 1963 and is named for California Assemblyman Vincent Thomas of San Pedro, who championed its construction. Its chief engineer was William (Jim) Jurkovich who was instrumental in bringing pre-stress concrete bridge design to California. It was the first welded suspension bridge in the United States and is now the fourth-longest suspension bridge in California and the 76th-longest span in the world. The clear height of the navigation channel is approximately 185 ft; it is the only suspension bridge in the world supported entirely on piles.

History

The bridge's construction was advocated by state assemblyman Vincent Thomas, who represented San Pedro. He spent 19 years beginning in 1940 arguing for the 16 different pieces of legislation that were necessary for the bridge's construction. During that time and in the years right after it was built, it was ridiculed as "The bridge to nowhere".

Other bridges to the island included the 1948 Commodore Heim lift bridge connecting SR 47 north and a WWII pontoon bridge from Ocean Boulevard to Long Beach (replaced in 1968 by the Gerald Desmond arch bridge then by the cable-stayed Long Beach International Gateway bridge in 2020). Until the new bridge's 1963 construction, ferry service from San Pedro was important to cannery and shipyard workers on Terminal Island; private ferries had begun in 1870, and municipal ferry service had begun in 1941. Some residents, including many women who worked at the canneries, tried unsuccessfully to keep one of the smaller pedestrian-only ferries operating after the new bridge's opening because the ferry was available at any time including night-shift hours but the new bus service involved long waits.

In 1961, before the bridge opened in 1963, the California State Legislature passed Concurrent Resolution 131, naming the bridge after Thomas. At the time of it passing, he was the longest-serving assemblyman.

In 1968, the bridge was connected through SR 47 directly into the Harbor Freeway (then-signed as SR 11 and later as Interstate 110); having the bridge and connection available was cited by port officials as crucial to the port's success in the era of containerized cargo. The cargo from the San Pedro side of the Port of Los Angeles travels over the Vincent Thomas bridge, onto the Terminal Island Freeway, to the southern end of the Long Beach Freeway (then-signed as SR 7 and later as Interstate 710), and then up to the rail yards of East Los Angeles.

At the 25th anniversary of its opening in 1988, events were held to raise money for $170,000 of permanent decorative lights for the bridge's main cables. In January 2005, after seventeen years of planning and fundraising, the decorative illumination was changed to 160 blue LED lamps, powered by solar panels, with a project cost of $1 million.

In 2023, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) proposed an approximately $706 million plan to replace the bridge's road decking, with construction to take place between 2025 and 2027.

Tolls
When the bridge opened in 1963, the toll was 25 cents in each direction, with the toll plaza on the Terminal Island side. In 1983, the toll increased to 50 cents for westbound traffic but became free for eastbound traffic. In 2000, tolls were eliminated on the Vincent Thomas Bridge, leaving the San Diego–Coronado Bridge as the only remaining toll bridge in Southern California. After the San Diego-Coronado Bridge stopped collecting tolls in 2002, the California Department of Transportation was able to devolve authority over toll bridges to the Bay Area Toll Authority in June 2005.

The toll plaza houses California Highway Patrol facilities.

Films
The bridge has featured in numerous movies such as the original 1974 Gone in 60 Seconds and the 2000 Gone in 60 Seconds remake, Lethal Weapon 2, Lethal Weapon 4, To Live and Die in L.A., City of Angels, Charlie's Angels, Inception, and Den of Thieves.

In the 1995 film Heat, the bridge is mentioned by Robert De Niro's character when he points to the location and mistakenly refers to it as the "St. Vincent Thomas Bridge."

Television
The newly completed bridge, with safety netting still attached to the deck trusswork, is featured prominently in a warehouse fire scene in the CBS legal drama, Perry Mason, Season 7, Episode 22, "The Case of the Arrogant Arsonist", first aired on March 5, 1964.

The bridge's toll plaza is featured in a 1960s episode of the original series of Mission: Impossible where Mr. Phelps, played by Peter Graves, receives his instructions.

The bridge was also featured extensively in season 1/episode 7 of NBC's crime series, CHiPs, airing November 3, 1977, titled, "Taking Its Toll." The old tollbooths were the center of the action, where bandits mugged drivers to steal contents from their cars.

The 1978 episode of NBC's Columbo entitled "The Conspirators" had a scene where Peter Falk's title character Lt. Columbo tries unsuccessfully to speed across the bridge in his 1959 Peugeot convertible.

In August 2012, for the season three premiere of the History Channel's show Top Gear, the bridge was used as a finishing line for a closed course race. The race was between professional driver Tanner Foust, who drove a 2009 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 police car, and professional stunt driver Ernie Vigil, who drove a Triumph 1050 Speed Triple motorcycle.

Video music
It was also the scene of the video "I Think I'm in Love with You" by Jessica Simpson.

Video games
The bridge was featured in the 2004 video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas as the Ocean Docks Bridge, and the 2013 video game Grand Theft Auto V as the Miriam Turner Overpass. The bridge is also featured in Need for Speed: Most Wanted as "Heflin Drive", in The Crew 2, and in Need for Speed as the South Port Bridge.

Suicides and stunt diving
Los Angeles police say a suicide attempt is made from the bridge "every few months". The most notable case includes that of film director Tony Scott who jumped off the bridge on August 19, 2012.

On October 26, 1990, 1964 Olympic diving bronze medalist Larry Andreasen was killed jumping from the west tower of the bridge in an attempt to set a diving record.

title: Vincent Thomas Bridge


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Essendon North, Victoria

Essendon North is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 10 km north-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Moonee Valley local government area. Essendon North recorded a population of 3,071 at the 2021 census.

Essendon North is adjacent to Essendon Airport. The airport was proclaimed by the Commonwealth Government in 1921, which had been known as St Johns, after an early landowner. Local residents complained about noise periodically from 1930. Commercial international flights were transferred to the new Melbourne Airport in 1970, and commercial domestic flights followed in 1971.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Essendon North, Victoria


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Nike Missile Site SF-88

SF-88 is a former Nike Missile launch site at Fort Barry, in the Marin Headlands to the north of San Francisco, California, United States. Opened in 1954, the site was intended to protect the population and military installations of the San Francisco Bay Area during the Cold War, specifically from attack by Soviet bomber aircraft.

The site was originally armed with Nike Ajax missiles, and modifications were made to the site in 1958 to allow it to also be armed with Nike Hercules missiles. In 1974, SF-88 was closed but was not demolished. It is now part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and is open to visitors. Visiting day is Saturday 12:30 - 3:30 PM, with formal tours occurring every 45 minutes. A special open house day with Nike veterans occurs on the first Saturday of each month. Restoration work to the site is done on remaining Saturdays by volunteers.

History
Construction of SF-88 was already under way by July 7, 1954, when the San Francisco Chronicle reported that four Nike launching sites were being built in the area: near Lake Chabot (SF-31) and at Forts Baker (SF-89), Barry (SF-88), and Cronkhite (SF-87). Captain Henry Paine assumed command of Battery A of the newly renamed 9th Antiaircraft Artillery Guided Missile Battalion of the 30th Antiaircraft Artillery Group on October 1, 1954, and the first temporary emplacements were ready for service by October 28, 1954. The Nike-Ajax missiles were removed and replaced with Nike-Hercules missiles in November 1958.

SF-88 was inactivated in 1974 as part of the general continental United States phase-out of the Nike project. As part of SALT I, one missile site each could be retained by the United States and the Soviet Union for historical purposes, and SF-88 was chosen as the historical missile site in the United States. The Army agreed, and the land occupied by SF-88 was transferred to the National Park Service in 1974, to be retained as a "Historic Memorial to Air Defense – NIKE Hercules" with "Army technicians to remain on site to explain and demonstrate NIKE operation until replaced by Golden Gate National Recreation Area personnel." One caveat was that no explosives or classified information would accompany the transfer of SF-88, although the plan was to hold classified information at Fort Bliss until they were declassified. Final transfer to the National Park Service occurred on February 12, 1976.

A local chapter of the Military Vehicles Collectors Club started to restore the base in the early 1980s, beginning by pumping out water from the underground missile magazine. Another group of volunteers, led by retired COL Bud Halsey, took over restoration work in the mid-80s, cleaning up rust and retrieving parts and equipment, including enough missile parts (which had cost $30 million when new) to reconstruct the 5-ton missiles. The volunteer group started to conduct tours in early 1995, on the first Sunday of each month.

The present area open for tours is the launch area, SF-88L. The integrated fire control area, SF-88C, was part of the land transferred to the National Park Service but it has not been restored as SF-88L has due to the remote location and inclement weather at SF-88C. SF-88C lies on Wolf Ridge and can be accessed by foot from Fort Cronkhite. A High Power Acquisition Radar (HIPAR) was added to SF-88C in the early 1960s, resulting in the construction of a 50 ft tall tower and dome which was the most striking aspect of SF-88C. The dome and tower have been removed, but the gravel pad remains. Other target tracking radar towers remain, albeit in a deteriorated condition, with the steel platforms collapsed and/or removed in the last ten years.

title: Nike Missile Site SF-88


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/José Posada

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. -- AllyUnion (talk) 11:52, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

José Posada
It links to nowhere. it links from nowhere. It clarifies nothing.

Noit 06:20, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Article does not establish notability. No context. jni 07:58, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, article does not establish notability. Megan1967 09:35, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Make it a redirect to Mexican artist José Guadalupe Posada. (Although this one is apparently a real person, but all Google hits seem to be in Spanish or Galician.) / u p p l a n d 13:41, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Changing to keep with the present minimal rewrite. But perhaps a disambiguation page is more appropriate in this place? / u p p l a n d 06:59, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: former EU deputy, head of a minority-nationalist party? Sounds notable. The fact that there isn't much on line about him in English doesn't change that. -- Jmabel | Talk 03:48, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't mean to imply that, only that I couldn't yet judge the notablity based on what I could find. / u p p l a n d 10:22, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Reasonably notable Spanish politician. Capitalistroadster 09:05, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- Darwinek 13:15, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Ninja Resurrection

Ninja Resurrection, known in Japan as Makai Tenshō: Jigoku Hen (魔界転生地獄編) is a two-part original video animation directed by Yasunori Urata.

The OVA series is based on Futaro Yamada's novel Makai Tensho. Although of a similar style, Ninja Resurrection is not a sequel to the anime film Ninja Scroll, despite being marketed as one outside of Japan. It also heavily borrows and adapts scenes and elements from Ken Ishikawa's manga adaptation from 1986 and Shouko Toba's manga adaptation from 1997.

Plot
Ninja Resurrection takes place in the Tokugawa era, at a time when Christians in Japan were being persecuted. The leader of the Shimabara Rebellion, Amakusa Shirō, hoped to resist the government forces attacking Christians like him, but is assassinated.

Soon after, Amakusa's restless spirit returns to avenge his fallen comrades and is up to Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi to put a stop to the demonic onslaught.

The Revenge of Jubei
The Revenge of Jubei begins with a narration about the Battle of Sekigahara, the final battle between the Western Army, who were loyal to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and the Eastern Army, led by Tokugawa Ieyasu; the events that led up to the Shimabara rebellion, including the capture and execution of Konishi Yukinaga, a Christian daimyō whose beliefs forbade him from committing seppuku, and the banning of Christianity in Japan; and a dark satanic prophecy about Amakusa Shirō, which foretold that if he was prevented from becoming Christ, he would return as Satan. Along with the narration, there are Japanese paintings of these events.

The first OVA called "The Cant of Hell" shows a small band of soldiers raiding a village outside of Harano Castle, and smashing a statue of Madonna. All the villagers hide except for a little boy, who they shoot. After the soldiers leave to report the Christian rebels to the shogun, a small girl named Ocho runs to the boy's body and begs him to wake up. The boy, who is Shiro, miraculously revives and shows the approaching villagers that the bullet hit a crucifix he had. Sunlight shines through the clouds onto Shiro and he raises the crucifix and a long beam of light shoots from it up into the sky. The villagers bow down and worship Shiro, declaring him the son of God and the returned messiah and saviour, and the Madonna statue reforms by itself. Meanwhile, an evil-looking man in the bushes watches the events as they unfold and smiles.

10 years later, during the Shimabara Rebellion, a small group of shogunate soldiers are seen marching though a thick fog outside Harono Castle. Suddenly, flaming arrows land near the troops and explode to form giant crucifixes, after which the soldiers are annihilated by a barrage of arrows. Nearby, armored Christian soldiers raise banners adorned with crucifixes and cheer for their recent victory. Meanwhile, inside a chapel that had been set up in Harono Castle, Amakusa Shiro's lieutenant, Mori Soiken, informs the people of their recent victory, stating that their victories were given to them by God as a reward for their piousness. He then states that as long as Shiro, the son of God, is with them, they will emerge victorious. Shiro then addresses his people, telling them to not hate their enemies, stating that they deserve respect and that the current conflict was inevitable. He also reminds them that both sides have died and suffered. His main desire is to end this war and not further betray the will of God. Meanwhile, at the camp of the Tokugawa Army, Matsudaira Nobutsuna, the army's general, is informed of the attack's failure and they have suffered at 500 casualties. Suddenly, a cloaked individual appears and tells Matsudaira that Christian soldiers' holy magic has protected Harono Castle and that they will not be able to penetrate the castle while they are protected. He then tells Matsudaira to leave the matter to him before disappearing. A brief narration then explains the origins of Shimabara Rebellion. Matsudaira is then shown leading another attack on Harono Castle. A nearby soldier informs Miyamoto Musashi about this. Musahi then proceeds towards the castle, while noticing a kite heading towards the castle. The extremely huge kite, tethered to someplace, floats high in the clouds above Harano castle. Jubei Yagyu and four other ninjas are standing on a narrow platform on the kite. They leap from the platform through a lightning storm and float down to the castle using capes. Using the aerial assault, Jubei and his four ninjas enter the castle and begin easily slicing the Christians in half. One ninja in particular, who has a penchant for explosives, detonates a wave of explosions throughout the castle. There is intense fighting with much bloodshed. Matsudaira Nobutsuna's army uses a battering-ram to enter the castle, and the soldiers battle their enemies.

Shiro gathers the women, children, and elderly in the chapel, which the soldiers can't enter because it is protected by a seal. He promises to protect them with the power of God. However, the four ninjas know about this seal and the four barriers that are maintaining the seal, and each one destroys a barrier. Shiro is alerted to the destruction of the seal and senses Jubei, referring to him as a "mighty power that will kill us". Jubei slices a bunch of men and then comes across two kids whom he wall-runs past. The kids then find Mori Soiken, who smiles wickedly and kills them. Jubei meets Shiro on a roof and Shiro bargains with him to spare the lives of the women and children if he commits seppuku, which Jubei accepts, but Shiro is stopped by Soiken, who shows him the severed heads of the two children and tells him not to trust Jubei. Shiro goes ballistic and uses his magic to summon a lot of power into himself. He then uses the power of psychokinesis to destroy the roof and fire the tanto and shingles at Jubei. Shiro then summons a black dragon with which he attacks Jubei. Miyamoto Musashi, who has entered the castle, is easily slicing through Christian soldiers as he watches the events. Jubei tries to slice the dragon in half but it proves useless. He then flees but the dragon catches up to him, and he holds on to the snout of the dragon as it flies through buildings and into the sky. Shiro emerges from the top of the dragon's head and begins strangling Jubei. Two of the ninjas try to assist Jubei by firing harpoons at the dragon, but it breaks free, so the biggest and strongest of the ninjas tells those two to stay put. He and the ninja who likes explosives perform a tactical attack: the latter opens up a bazooka and fires it at the dragon, while the former protects himself with a folding metal suit of armor with rocket propulsion (concealed in his small shoulder pads) and attacks from a different angle, causing massive damage to the dragon. Jubei cuts off Shiro's hands and falls to the roof, but the dragon's head is still alive and sneaks up behind Jubei. Jubei holds up the children's heads and hesitates Shiro mid-attack, which he capitalizes on to throw his sword at Shiro, spearing him in the chest. The impact rips Shiro from the dragon's head and flings him into a window of the main chapel. Shiro then angrily curses Jubei for what he has done before the window breaks, causing him to fall into the chapel.

Having survived the fall and surrounded by flames and corpses, a saddened and wounded Shiro demands to know why God has abandoned him and his people. Soiken appears behind him and tells him that God does not exist, claiming that he is nothing more than a figment created by the weak in order to give their lives hope, and that his former master, Konishi Yukinaga, believed in and fought for God, which caused his entire family to be murdered by the Tokugawa. Hearing this, Shiro angrily demands to know the purpose of his existence. Suddenly, Ocho, who is revealed to be Soiken's daughter, appears and Soiken tells Shiro that if he wishes to be reborn, then he must become one with Ocho. Casting the spell that will allow Shiro to be reborn, Makai Tensho, Soiken cuts off one of his own fingers, which then comes to life and crawls inside Ocho. While Ocho proceeds to have sex with Shiro in the burning chapel, Soiken declares that from the flesh and blood of the victims of Shimabara, Shiro will be reborn as Satan and help destroy the world.

Sometime afterwards, the corpses and severed heads of the victims of Shimabara are shown skewered on pikes both outside and throughout the remains of Harono Castle. Meanwhile, outside the castle, Jubei is shown to have built two small graves for the two children who Soiken killed before he and his men leave. While leaving, he walks by Miyamoto Musashi, who, after Jubei and his men leave, proceeds to laugh evilly. The closing narration reveals that, with the exception of four soldiers who had surrendered, Shiro's forces were completely annihilated. In addition, Shiro, whose severed head is shown on top of a cross, was found lying injured and immobile in the destroyed chapel and Mori Soiken was never again seen by mortal men.

Hell's Spawn
The second OVA is called "Hell's Spawn". It begins by showing a younger Jubei kill five samurai with ease. Jubei's father, Munenori Yagyu, scolds him for his constant murders but Jubei makes excuses. Munenori challenges Jubei to a duel; warning him that he will not hesitate just because Jubei is his son. Jubei attacks but restrains himself and only slashes Munenori's shirt. Munenori jumps into the air and tosses a kunai into Jubei's eye. As Jubei stays bleeding, his father states that he knew Jubei would not attack him and used this knowledge against Jubei. Munenori tells Jubei that he must never lose and should exploit every weakness of his opponent and that he can't rely on strength alone. Jubei tells his father that he doesn't need his father's platitudes and that he is stronger than his father ever would be. Munenori banishes Jubei from his house and lands.

There is a historical narration about the strongest swordsmen of the time and how swordsmanship became a science and evolved. The samurai's discussed are Musashi Miyamoto, Mataemon Araki, Inshun Hosowei, Botaro Tamiya, Munenori Yagyu, and Jubei Yagyu. It states that their battles are legendary but their deaths are shrouded in mystery; for example, Musashi disappeared in foggy mountains and Mataemon was poisoned by an unknown person.

Several months after the Shimabara Riot, Jubei is resting under a tree when he starts to have memories of the riot and all the bodies. An old man is riding into the Yagyu lands when he spots a boy and a girl spear-fishing. The girl keeps nagging the boy and he dunks her into the water. The old man rides on towards the Yagyu estate. The girl jumps onto Jubei and pretends to be frighten of a snake. She then confesses how much she likes Jubei. When the old man, whose name is Jushin Sagoguichi, enters the estate he is dismayed that it is in ruin and that some walls are broken down. A servant tells him that lord Jubei allowed it to get that way. Jubei and the two children arrive and it turns out that Jushin is the children's father. Inside the house, Jushin scolds his daughter for not being ladylike and scolds his son, who is his heir, for doing servant's chores. Jubei tries to calm him down with sake. Another young girl, named Ohina, enters the room bringing food. She speaks graciously to Lord Jushin and Jushin compliments her on how beautiful she has become since he last saw her. As Jushin and Jubei eat, Jushin tells them that the shogun, Yorinobu, has requested that all unmarried girls of noble birth between the ages of 15-23 should be brought to Kishu. Jubei finds the mandate strange. Onwei, Jushin's daughter, protests stating she wants to stay with Jubei. Jushin tells Jubei that the shogun is amassing a large army and gathering much food and it looks like he will increase taxes. He also tells Jubei that many strange men have been coming to the capital. Jushin also tells Jubei that many girls have gone missing. Jubei invites Jushin to watch the girls spar. In the morning, Ohina demonstrates her skills with a naginata by defeating a lot of men in a sparring match. Onwei then challenges Ohina and the two battle to a standstill. Jushin compliments them on their improvement and soon afterwards leaves with them to Kishu. Before Onwei leaves, she reminds Jubei to bathe at least once every three days and to wear clean clothes. As Jubei watches them go, he tells his servant to send a spy to watch the castle in Kishu and that he, Jubei, would be gone for five days.

Somenight later, at Shosetsu Yui's residence in Edo, Ohina is attacked and raped by a born-again Inshun Hosowei. As he slowly rapes her, he licks her breasts and plays around with her. After he is finished raping Ohina, he kills her. Mataemon Araki, who is sitting nearby, comments on how Inshun likes doing that. Inshun retorts that Mataemon does the same thing. As Mataemon constantly stabs a kunai into his hand, he says that today he doesn't feel like killing girls but wants to kill rats. The two men are being spied on by a ninja. Mataemon suddenly leaps into the trees and slowly kills the ninja. Two more ninjas attack him. He kills one and chases the other. The ninja flees across rooftops, but Mataemon is faster than him. Mataemon calls the ninja a mouse. The ninja calls up other ninjas to assist him. Mataemon tells them his name and how it has been a while since he killed a man. The ninjas believe he is lying about his identity. Mataemon removes the scarf covering the lower half of his face and tells them he is "a born again". The ninja tells him "then you will die again". All the ninjas attack him at once, impaling him on several swords. Mataemon condescends the ninjas' futile attack. He pops the swords out of his body, along with his intestines. He then unsheathes his own sword and uses it along with his dangling intestines to attack and slay the shinobis. Two shinobi escape him. One backs into a dark corner and is quickly sliced to pieces by a resurrected Botaro Tamiya. Botaro tosses a dagger into the other ninja but he replaces himself with a cat. Mataemon yells at Botaro for ruining his fun. At Tajima-no-Kami Yagyu residence, the ninja who survived, whose name is Godaiyu, reports to Munenori Yagyu. He tells him that Lord Yorinobu in Kishu is organizing an army of ronin and that inhuman creatures were appearing. He also tells Munenori that he saw ghosts: Mataemon, Inshun, and Botaro. Munenori doesn't believe him and scolds Godaiyu for drinking. Godaiyu tells Munenori he wasn't drinking. Munenori says that those men were some of the most skilled killers, and he ponders what Shosetsu is planning. He then begins coughing uncontrollably. Godaiyu says that Jubei would be useful. Munenori yells at him to never mention that name, and Godaiyu apologises. Munenori tells him to continue observing Shosetsu, and Godaiyu slides away into the darkness.

Jubei is walking through a fog in the woods when he comes upon a small hut. Inside the hut, Jubei talks to an old man about the prophecy of 'Tenshi'. The old man asks if Jubei really believes in Satan and reminds Jubei that he saw Shiro's staked head. The old man informs Jubei that he has people familiar with underground paths and will be able to use them in case of battle. The old man then tells Jubei that Jubei is too young to quit being a warrior. Jubei tells him he is tired of murdering in the name of duty. The old man asks Jubei how many persons he killed but Jubei tells him that he lost count. The old man says that he should take a break and rest a little. The old man also says that Jubei reminds him of an old friend named Musashi Miyamoto, who strove to excel everyone in swordsmanship and now lives as a hermit in the mountains. As the old man talks to Jubei, a little boy leaves Musashi's house thanking him for the lessons. Musashi's house is dug into the side of a mountain. Inside is very spacious with large gigantic statues of numerous warriors. Musashi recollects the Shimabara revolt and watching Jubei fight. He questions if he would be able to defeat Jubei. Musashi then picks up a paintbrush and begins tirelessly drawing a lot of buddhist pictures.

Later that night, in Edo, during a full moon; Soiken Mori, Shosetsu Yui, Botaro, Inshun, and Mataemon stand on an altar in a room, surrounding Ocho, who is laying on the floor. They all start chanting "Satan". A cloud blankets the moon, causing the room to darken. Suddenly the moon turns red, the wind blows strongly, and electricity starts flashing within the room. Ocho starts levitating, her body convulsing wildly as her clothes fall off. Suddenly, she exhales an enormous cloud of smog. The smog shapeshifts into a crucifix, then the virgin Mary, and finally into the Devil. After maintaining its Devil form for a few moments, the smog then returns to Ocho's body. A big bulbous growth forms in Ocho's throat and crawls under her skin to her belly, where it turns into faces and then stretches and pulls Ocho's skin chaotically as it wriggles about. Suddenly, many long strands of silver hair fire out of Ocho's body and wrap around wooden beams, bars, the ceiling, and even Soiken's and Shosetsu's necks. Shosetsu tries to get it off, but Soiken tells him to leave it. As Ocho is suspended upside-down, Soiken calls for Satan and Shiro Amakusa to come out. Ten fingers push out of Ocho's mouth and wiggle about. Then a long split cuts from inside Ocho's body and a naked, silver-haired Shiro pushes his way out, ripping her into many pieces. Shiro shrieks and green energy shoots from his body into the air and descends onto the three resurrecteds: Botaro, Mataemon, and Inshun. After charging-up, the four jump through the ceiling. The moon returns to normal.

Somewhere else, Jubei is walking through the woods when suddenly there is a strong gust of wind which cuts his cheek, causing him to bleed. Musashi is still drawing, when a sudden breeze blows out the candle. A drop of blood falls on his page.

There is a street festival going on that night, with hundreds of people in attendance. Botaro is standing in the crowd. He draws his sword and begins slicing randomly, cutting men, women, and children in half. As people start fleeing, Mataemon races through the crowd, hacking people with his sword. Inshun carries a staff with a boomerang blade on the top. He flings the blade into the air and it cuts through many people before returning to his staff. Some persons try fleeing from the spinning blade, but are too slow. Shiro, who can use his hair for attacks, extends his hair to impale and slice-up people. Many are killed, with their bodies and heads staked for display. Soiken laughs and declares that hell is unleashing its force. The show ends with the four resurrecteds jumping into the air one by one.

Reception
In 1998, ADV Films' decision to release Makai Tensho as Ninja Resurrection caused a wave of confusion among anime fans. First, the animated film ended in a cliffhanger and was never finished after only two episodes were completed. Second and more importantly, most viewers felt they were led to believe that this was a sequel to Ninja Scroll, as both titles featured a main character named Jubei, similar design and animation style and even the title logo was given a design similar to that of the latter. Critics saw this as ADV's attempt to capitalize on the popularity of Ninja Scroll at the time, which had taken American audiences by storm with the exposure assistance from MTV's animated TV series Liquid Television. Ninja Resurrection's interesting storyline and character development, violent action horror-gore, and episode cliffhangers left DVD audiences wanting more, that would never come, as no further episodes were released. While Ninja Resurrection sold well in the U.S., the deceptive marketing gave it one of the worst reputations in American anime fandom. Despite the series' initial negative reception among critics, it was received more positively among viewers and developed a cult following in recent years, with many praising it for its animation, orchestral soundtrack by Masamichi Amano, action scenes and art style.

title: Ninja Resurrection


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Maasvlakte

The Maasvlakte is a massive man-made westward extension of the Europoort port and industrial facility within the Port of Rotterdam. Situated in the municipality of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the Maasvlakte is built on land reclaimed from the North Sea.

Creation
Before the commencement of the Maasvlakte project, the region was a sandbank which was hazardous to shipping. The Maasvlakte was created in the 1960s by reclaiming land from the North Sea through dykes and sand suppletion. The sand for the suppletion was largely taken from the North Sea and the Lake of Oostvoorne. This lake was created by the construction of the Maasvlakte. Fossils were (and can still be) found in the sand.

An expansion called "Second Maasvlakte" or Maasvlakte 2 was built between September 2008 and May 2013 by spraying sand on the bottom of the North Sea. This project extended the port of Rotterdam by about 2,000 hectares.

Bulk Handling
In 1973 EMO started as the first company at Maasvlakte. They are the biggest bulk terminal in western Europe and are located at the Mississippihaven. In 1989 Frans Swarttouw started building a deep water terminal at the Amazonhaven which, in 1990, was sold to EMO.

Deep-water access to Rotterdam allows the world's largest ore carriers to visit Rotterdam.

Container terminals
The Maasvlakte features various big companies and some smaller ones. Maersk, Europe Container Terminals (ECT), which is a member of the Hutchison Port Holdings group, and Euromax are three big container terminals located here. They can all accommodate the world's largest ships.

On the new Maasvlakte new container terminals will be built. Danish shipping group Maersk has an existing terminal on the original Maasvlakte and will build a new terminal on the second Maasvlakte. With this new terminal Maersk will invest approximately €100 million.

Distribution centres
A special section has been reserved for large distribution centres: the Rotterdam Distribution Centre. The biggest are Reebok, DHL and Kloosterboer. The Reebok Distribution Centre takes care of the distribution of shoes and apparel for all of Europe. Kloosterboer stores mostly chips from the nearby Farm Frites company.

Slufter
On one side of the Maasvlakte is the Slufter. Inside the Slufter, a very deep pit shielded from the surrounding area, toxic waste and polluted sand is stored. When it is filled it will be covered and left there. It is expected to be fully filled around the year 2025; so far it is about half-full.

The area was formerly used for recreational activities such as kite surfing, and the Slufterbeach nearby was also used as nude beach. Since 2010 the road that ran around the Slufter has been closed to public traffic.

Power station
A power station located in the area is run by Uniper. It is a coal-fired power station generating 1040 megawatts. It dates from 1988, but there are plans for a new plant on the same location.

Connections
There are direct rail links to elsewhere in Europe, especially Germany. The rivers Rhine and Maas enter the sea next to it. This creates good connections for rivergoing vessels. The A15 motorway, which runs into Germany, ends on the Maasvlakte.

The Maasvlakte is also the starting point of the Betuweroute freight railway to Germany.

Maasvlakte 2
An extension, Maasvlakte 2, was begun in 2008. Maasvlakte 2 will cover 1000 hectares net of industrial sites, located directly on deep water. This new part of the Maasvlakte opened in 2013. To accommodate larger container ships the Maasgeul, which is the channel in the North Sea providing deep-water access to the Rotterdam area, has to be widened to over 800 metres.

title: Maasvlakte


text:
Kurban Said

Kurban Said (Qurban Səid/Гурбан Сәид, ) is the pseudonym of the author of Ali and Nino, a novel originally published in 1937 in the German language by the Austrian publisher E.P. Tal. The novel has since been published in more than 30 languages. The true identity of the author is in dispute.

Meaning of the pseudonym "Kurban Said"
In Azerbaijan, where the novel "Ali and Nino" is set, "Kurban" is pronounced "Gurban." The root of the word originates in the Semitic languages, and connotes "sacrifice", a traditional religious concept common to Middle Eastern cultures. "Said" means "joyful" or "fortunate." (However, in Turkic languages, such as Azerbaijani, adjectives precede the nouns they modify, so the name would need to be reversed as "Said Kurban" to accurately convey the meaning "joyful sacrifice," or "fortunate sacrifice." ) This idea is in contrast to the plot of the novel, which is anything but happy. An underlying melancholy pervades the novel from beginning to end.

Some people, including Orkhan Vazirov (1928–2010), the son of Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli (possibly the author of Ali and Nino), are convinced that the original pseudonym is more likely to have been "Kurban Seyid" or perhaps "Seyid Kurban." "Seyid" refers to someone who is recognized as a descendant of Mohammed, that is, a person of sacred lineage. Thus "Seyid Kurban" would more accurately convey the meaning "someone of sacred descent who has been sacrificed", which is exactly the theme of the novel Ali and Nino. Ali Khan, the protagonist, sacrifices himself for the dream for himself and his country to be free. He dies while resisting the Bolshevik takeover of his country (1920). Note that in the Azerbaijani language, both "Gurban" and "Seyid" can be used as either first or last names.

Chamanzaminli's links to the pseudonym "Kurban Said"
Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli was a "seyid" himself, allegedly having been descended from Mohammed on both sides of his family. As for the name "Gurban," Chamanzaminli had written a short story titled "Gurban."

In addition, he had referred to himself as gurban in correspondence with Azerbaijani Soviet authorities in 1925 when he was seeking permission to return home from Europe after having been on a diplomatic assignment abroad representing the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) government, which was in opposition to the Bolsheviks. Chamanzaminli realized that historic circumstances made him a likely victim of politics, as most ADR government officials had been killed when the Bolsheviks came to power. Chamanzaminli would have had to have left the manuscript of Ali and Nino in Europe at this time, 1925–1926, as it was critical of the Bolshevik regime. It would have been suicidal to return to Baku with the manuscript in hand, as the Bolsheviks had executed most of the government officials of the former regime and any opposition.

As it was, a decade later, the Azerbaijan Writers Union in 1937 were under orders from Stalin to purge anyone from their ranks who did not embrace the Soviet ideology. Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli was accused of introducing "counter-revolutionary" ideas through the anti-heroes of his novels, and soon afterwards, he was arrested and sentenced to the GULag, where he died in 1943.

Chamanzaminli used the pseudonym "Ali Khan Chamanzaminli" in some of his earliest works, published in 1911. Ali Khan is also the name of the main character in the novel Ali and Nino.

Lev Nussimbaum and the pseudonym "Kurban Said"
Lev Nussimbaum, who wrote in German under the pen name of Essad Bey, is also linked to the pseudonym "Kurban Said," and by some observers to the novel Ali and Nino.

When Lev Nussimbaum, still in his early 30s, began confronting the possibility of his own death from Buerger's Disease, he set out to write his autobiography, titling it The Man who Knew Nothing about Love (Der Mann, der von der Liebe nichts verstand). He signed it "Kurban Said." Although never published, Der Mann was advertised in 1937 as if it had been published and was available for purchase. This was the same year in which Ali and Nino appeared.

Tom Reiss, author of The Orientalist, concludes that since 'The Man Who Knew Nothing about Love" was the work of Lev Nussimbaum, then he was also the author of Ali and Nino. However, even Reiss warns his readers that Nussimbaum's own statements about his own identity were the least credible. "Years of collecting every shred of evidence I could of his existence revealed that ... Lev's simplest statements about himself—name, race, nationality—are the ones that can least be trusted." It is possible that Nussimbaum was, in signing "Der Mann" as Kurban Said, appropriating a nom de plume already in use.

Close examination suggests that one should be cautious about equating Lev Nussimbaum with other works published by "Kurban Said." Research indicates that Essad Bey did have his fingers in the "Ali and Nino" narrative, particularly in descriptive folkloric and legendary passages which often contained erroneous material but that the original manuscript of "Ali and Nino" did not originate with him but with the Azerbaijani writer Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli (1887–1942). At issue is whether Lev Nussimbaum was within his rights to use the pseudonym, and whether the name actually originated with him.

The problem with the "Der Mann" narrative is that though it started out as a semi-autobiographical account, it quickly lapsed into a tale of vengeance within a fictional framework about a "Dr. X." Even Reiss admits that "Der Mann" is a "sprawling, improbable tale." This, in turn, casts doubt on Lev Nussimbaum's claims to the rightful use of the pseudonym "Kurban Said."

Dr. Wilfried Fuhrmann in Germany has transcribed and published all six of the hand-written German "Der Mann" Notebooks. He concludes that Notebooks 3 and 6 are the most damaging to Essad Bey's reputation. "To varying degrees, they are a mixture of malice and slander, as well as pathological hubris and arrogance."

For example, Essad Bey suggests that any woman who commits adultery should be tied up in a sack with a wild cat and thrown into the Bosphorus, or buried up to her head in the desert sands to be devoured at night by wild dogs. At the time, Nussimbaum was going through a scandalous divorce with his own wife Erika Loewendahl. However, the content and spirit of "Ali and Nino" which was published at the same time as Der Mann was advertised as being published (1937) is entirely the opposite, and Ali Khan truly was in love with Nino and did everything within his capability to foster her development and well-being. In truth, the two narratives are so unlike each other that it is impossible to imagine them being written by the same person.

Essad Bey signed his Final Will as "Essad Bey also known as Leo Nussimbaum and Lev Nussenbaum." No mention whatsoever is made of "Kurban Said." Essad Bey signed this Will (July 27, 1941) about a year before he died (August 27, 1942) and four years after Ali and Nino (1937) had been published.

Vacca's claims to the pseudonym "Kurban Said"
Bello Vacca, an Italian born in Tripoli, who often went by the alias Ahmed Giamil Vacca-Mazzara also laid claim to the pseudonym Kurban Said. During the early 1970s, he appeared on the doorstep of Baron Omar Rolf Ehrenfels, husband of Elfriede Ehrenfels, who had registered "Ali and Nino" with German authorities. Vacca introduced himself: "Kurban Said, C'est moi!" ("Kurban Said, It's me!"). The Ehrenfels were astonished.

Vacca also wrote British publisher Hutchinson in 1975 claiming that he, as Kurban Said, had collaborated on several books with Essad Bey and they had had plans to publish them together – "Kurban Said" and "Essad Bey". Vacca named two titles: "Jihad" (Sacred Way) and "Kaloglan: From Samarkand to Tangiers."

Vacca was a friend of Essad Bey as well as his drug dealer and he was expelled from Egypt in 1938 on charges of drug dealing and arms smuggling. Vacca also is the person who arranged and financed the Muslim-style gravestone capped with a stone-carved turban for Essad Bey, who is buried in the sea coast town of Positano, Italy.

In 1944 – two years after Essad Bey's death – it was Vacca who arranged for the translation of "Ali and Nino" into Italian for the first time. However, although he had already identified the title as "Ali and Nino" in the obituary tribute that he had written for Essad Bey in 1942; in the 1944 edition of the novel, Vacca changed the title to "Ali Khan" and identified the author as "M. Essad Bey," instead of "Kurban Said." After all, he himself claimed to be Kurban Said. Vacca introduced further changes in the Ali Khan novel, most prominently, the name of Ali's true love "Nino Kipiani" and whose name had been part of the original title of the novel ("Ali and Nino") became "Erica Kipiani", based upon the name of Lev Nussimbaum's estranged wife, Erika Loewendahl, who had left him in 1937 to marry Rene Fulop-Miller.

Vacca tried to make the case that he himself was related to Essad Bey, four generations back – the implication being that Vacca himself was "sole survivor" and, thus, in line to inherit Essad Bey's wealth.

The motivation became evident in correspondence from Vacca to Omar Rolf Ehrenfels asking his advice in regard to approaching Hutchinson Publishers (London) who he said had not paid Essad Bey for the biography of Reza Shah. Vacca sought to claim the money and told Ehrenfels that he had his papers all in order as proof of the kinship relationship.

Vacca's explanation of the meaning of name "Kurban Said"
Vacca claimed that the creation of the name "Kurban Said" was totally accidental—the result of a misunderstanding—which later became a private joke between him and Essad Bey. According to Vacca, the incident took place in Turkey during the festival of kurban Bayrami, the religious Muslim Festival of Sacrifice (Eid), which is commemorated annually to acknowledge God's mercy in providing Abraham with a ram as a substitute sacrifice for his son Ismayil.

Vacca described the scenario as follows: 1936. A lecture hall in the National Library of Istanbul (Old City). He and Essad Bey had set aside four days to work together on "Ali and Nino." Essad Bey was conversing with someone when Vacca arrived. "I addressed them both with the greeting, "Kurban Said," which Vacca explained, means "Happy Kurban Holiday."

Vacca continued: It turned out that it was a foreigner—a tourist—who had been talking with Essad Bey. He misunderstood the custom and thought I was introducing myself as "Kurban Said." And so the foreigner had smiled and replied: "Nice to meet you, Mr. Kurban Said." "Ever since then, Essad Bey jokingly called me 'Kurban Said,' and when he was looking for a pseudonym for the novel, he asked me if he could use it and I agreed."

Objections
Others, however, have objected to Vacca's claims. For example, Azerbaijan International shows that from a cultural point of view, Vacca's claims do not stand up to scrutiny. There is no greeting, "Kuban Said" or "Gurban Said," in any of the countries which celebrate this holiday – not in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran, or other Turkic-speaking or Islamic countries in Central Asia, or Arabic-speaking countries. And since this holiday Gurban Bayrami was and still is the biggest holiday in Turkey, all libraries would have been closed. Furthermore, other than Vacca's account, there is no proof that Essad Bey had even gone to Istanbul to work on the novel. Nor is there any other witness claiming that Vacca had been involved at all with editing "Ali and Nino."

Das Mädchen vom Goldenen Horn
In 1938, a second novel, Das Mädchen vom Goldenen Horn, was published under the pseudonym Kurban Said.

title: Kurban Said


text:
Swing yarder

A swing yarder is a mobile piece of heavy duty forestry equipment used for pulling logs from the woods to a logging road with cables. The swing yarder is also known as a grapple yarder.

In any logging operation, it is necessary to transport the harvested tree from the stump to a landing for transport to market (usually on a truck). If the ground is relatively flat it may be possible to transport the tree or logs cut from the tree on a wheeled or tracked machine. However, if the ground is too steep for the operation of such machinery, it is common practice to rig some sort of a cable system for moving the wood. The swing yarder is one of several varieties of machines that have been used for this purpose.

The swing yarder has several drums to pull in the cables. The cables run up an angled boom and then to the far side of a setting. By using two cables set up like a clothes line, the rigging can be pulled out and logs can be pulled across a logging setting where the trees have been previously felled. This machine is most suitable for steep ground where it is difficult to access the logs with other machinery. Swing yarders can also be used in flatter areas with lighter loads.

While there are various rigging options, the most common one uses a grapple that can be lowered onto a logs and closed via the cable system. Using a grapple avoids the need for people in the setting to attach chokers to the log. Choker setting as a profession is a very dangerous occupation.

The main difference between a swing yarder and a tower yarder is that the upperworks is mounted on a large slewing bearing. This bearing permits the boom and cable system to be 'swung' across a setting without relocating the machine. An experienced operator uses timing and cable tension to swing the grapple to the desired location. In practice, however, the main benefit of a swinging machine is that once the logs are yarded up to the machine, they can be swung to the side and landed. This allows the machine to be positioned in a small area such as on a road, and to land (set down) the logs on the road behind (or in front of) the machine. By contrast a tower has no options on where to set the logs---so the tower has to be positioned back from the break of the hill so as to leave a landing area on the downhill side of the machine, the logs can only be pulled up to near the tower and then lowered to the ground making it necessary for a shovel (log loader) to also be present to remove the logs once landed. Implicitly a swing machine does not need to be as tall as a tower machine particularly in steep ground because the swing machine can be set right up to the 'edge' of the steep ground while the tower must be set back from the 'edge' to allow landing space.

title: Swing yarder


text:
Essendon West, Victoria

Essendon West is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 10 km north-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Moonee Valley local government area. Essendon West recorded a population of 1,559 at the 2021 census.

Essendon West is bounded in the west by the Steele Creek, in the north by Rosehill Road, in the east by Afton Street and Hoffmans Road, and in the south by the Maribyrnong River.

Essendon West is primarily residential with a range of housing ranging from interwar Californian Bungalows to post war dwellings and modern homes.

History
Essendon West Post Office opened on 1 July 1924.

From the 1850s to the early 20th century, sand was mined from the tall, cliff-like banks of the Maribyrnong River. The Maribyrnong Sand Company was set up in the early 20th century to transport the sand by barge downriver to Footscray and Yarraville, for use in the production of glass, concrete and ceramics. This area is currently within the bounds of the Afton Street Conservation Reserve where the remains can still be seen.

Community
Essendon West is represented by an Australian Rules football team, Doutta Stars, playing in the Essendon District Football League. Its home ground lies in neighbouring Essendon. St Bernard's College is located in Essendon West.

title: Essendon West, Victoria


text:
Humboldt Fog

Humboldt Fog is a goat milk cheese made by Cypress Grove, of Arcata, California, in Humboldt County. It is named for the local ocean fog which rolls in from Humboldt Bay. It is an uncooked pressed cheese made from pasteurized goat's milk.

Humboldt Fog is a mold-ripened cheese with a central line of edible white ash much like Morbier. The cheese ripens starting with the bloomy mold exterior, resulting in a core of fresh goat cheese surrounded by a runny shell. As the cheese matures, more of the originally crumbly core is converted to a soft-ripened texture. The bloomy mold and ash rind are edible but fairly tasteless. The cheese is creamy, light, and mildly acidic with a stronger flavor near the rind.

This cheese won first-place awards from the American Cheese Society in 1998, 2002 and 2005.

title: Humboldt Fog


text:
Talk:Kembangan, Singapore

Untitled
Why was the page "Chai Chee" re-directed to "Kembangan"? While both areas lie within "Bedok" district, both are separate and distinct neighbourhoods. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.226.6.204 (talk) 06:34, 17 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kembangan, Singapore


text: Category:Mind-mapping software

title: Category:Mind-mapping software


text:
Kensington, Victoria

Kensington is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 4 km north-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Melbourne local government area. Kensington recorded a population of 10,745 at the 2021 census.

Kensington is known for its village ambiance, its cafes, and a diversity of architecture - including Victorian terraces, cottages, warehouse apartments and new structures in the west of the suburb. The suburb is hilly in sections and contains established tree lined streets.

The suburb is bounded by Racecourse Road to the north, Smithfield Road and the Maribyrnong River to the west, the Sunbury/Werribee railway lines to the south, and Moonee Ponds Creek to the east. Kensington was once home to one of Victoria's major abattoirs and livestock saleyards, an army ordnance depot and a number of factories. The stock yards ceased operation in 1984, prompting significant urban renewal in the area now known as Kensington Banks.

Kensington was named after Kensington in London.

Settlement
Prior to European settlement, the area was home to the Wurundjeri people, who have lived in the area surrounding the Birrarung Valley for up to 40,000 years. They lived predominantly as hunters and gatherers, moving around the present-day City of Melbourne and its surrounds depending on changes in the weather and the availability of food.

Neighbouring Flemington was initially settled in 1839 by James Watson, who named the area after Flemington Estate in Scotland, where his father-in-law was a manager. The first land release came in 1840, when land adjacent to the Maribyrnong River was made available for cattle grazing. Kensington was part of the City of Essendon on its foundation in 1861, but later split away to form the Borough of Flemington and Kensington in 1882. The area was originally known for horse proving grounds, its cattle yards, and abattoirs.

In the late 1850s, the City of Melbourne moved its cattle yards from a location on the corner of Elizabeth and Victoria Streets to a location in the north of the suburb, near present-day Racecourse Road. The yards were completed in 1858, with the first sales held the following year. The yards' proximity to the Maribyrnong (or Saltwater) River, allowed for the discharge of liquid waste and were soon joined by factories for fellmongery, bone manure, and glue.

The abattoir and its associated factories were soon surrounded by suburbs, prompting complaints and public meetings objecting to the by-products and waste produced by the saleyards. Alfred Deakin, who represented the member for Essendon and Flemington in the Victorian Legislative Assembly until 1900, moved a division in favour of the yards' closure in 1891. Economic downturn in the 1890s, however, meant that the closure was postponed and a by-law was instead passed by the Melbourne City Council making it illegal to drive livestock through streets in Flemington and Kensington between 8am and 10pm.

The earliest land sales in the suburb included the Palace Hotel and a Wesleyan Church, both acquired in 1879. In 1886, the borough had a population of approximately 6,000, with approximately 20 new buildings opening each month. Low-lying land in the south of the suburb, near the present-day JJ Holland Park, was filled in around the same period, allowing for the construction of the Gillespie Mill adjacent to the railway line.

A railway line to Essendon was opened by the Melbourne and Essendon Railway Company in 1860, including Kensington railway station. The railway closed in 1864, but was later reopened as far as Newmarket by the Victorian Railways in November 1867. The refurbished and extended railway line also served the Newmarket cattle sale yards, which by 1888 handled more than half a million animals every year.

A railway station at South Kensington opened in March 1891.

CONFUSION OF NAMES. Leopold near Geelong was known as Kensington until it was renamed in 1892. In 1876 people sending mail to this Kensington were advised to give "Kensington, near Flemington" as the address.

20th century
In 1905, the Borough of Flemington and Kensington was amalgamated with the City of Melbourne.

A major railway yard adjacent to Dynon Road towards the south of the suburb was opened in 1955 to relieve congestion at existing facilities near Flinders Street and Spencer Street station. Originally built during World War II as a means of increasing railway freight capacity, the yards were extended and upgraded to include the country's longest goods depot.

Abattoir closure and present day
In November 1984, an official announcement was made that the Newmarket Saleyards would be closed the following year. Although the closure had been discussed for almost a century, economic hardship and drought conditions, as well as the decentralisation of the livestock industry and urban development affected the viability of the yards. The yards operated until 1987, when an employment trust was formed to dismantle the yards, assisted by more than 100 long-term unemployed. The yards were redeveloped by the state government under the Lynch's Bridge project, which now has approximately 6,100 residents.

In line with other inner city areas, gentrification has prompted an increase in household incomes, a greater proportion of residents aged 25–49 years old, and a shift in occupation from manufacturing to property and business services. The average household size has also decreased: in 1981, 53% of households had 1–2 persons, whereas in 2006 the proportion had increased to 70.3%.

After the proclamation of the City of Melbourne Act 1993, parts of Kensington were transferred from the City of Melbourne to the City of Essendon, which merged with Moonee Valley City Council in 1995. The restructure saw the City of Melbourne's boundary altered to extend past Flemington Racecourse to include the Melbourne Showgrounds. At the same time, parts of Kensington north of Macaulay Road, including the railway station, Kensington Town Hall, and Kensington Primary School, became part of the City of Essendon. In the 2006 census, 5,204 residents lived within the City of Melbourne boundary, with 2,865 falling under the Moonee Valley City Council.

A review of the municipal boundary in Kensington and North Melbourne was conducted in 2007, and found significant support for the entire suburb to be brought under the control of the City of Melbourne. Submission to the review highlighted issues with service provision, the lack of a coordinated retail strategy for the Macaulay Road shopping precinct, and challenges for community groups operating on both sides of the boundary. A recommendation that these areas of Kensington should be transferred to the City of Melbourne was accepted by the state government in 2008, and implemented the same year.

Four'N Twenty pies were produced in Kensington until 2003, when production moved to Bairnsdale. Suburb review site, CityHobo has called Kensington one of the best places to live in Melbourne after the area's significant gentrification. The area is considered socially progressive with a large refugee and gay community residing in Kensington.

Politics
At a local government level, Kensington is part of the City of Melbourne, which also includes parts of Flemington.

In the Victorian Legislative Assembly, Kensington is part of the electoral district of Melbourne. The area is represented in the Victorian Legislative Council by members for the Northern Metropolitan Region.

At a federal level, Kensington is now part of the Division of Maribyrnong, held by Australian Labor Party member Bill Shorten since the 2007 federal election. There are two polling booths in Kensington, one at Kensington Primary School, the other at Holy Rosary School. In the 2022 Australian Federal Election Bill Shorten won the two candidate preferred vote at both booths by a significant margin, although the Greens outpolled him on first preferences at the Kensington Primary School booth. Prior to a redistribution in 2021, Kensington was part of the Division of Melbourne, held by Greens member Adam Bandt since the 2010 federal election, and by Australian Labor Party members before that since the Federation of Australia in 1901.

Places of worship

 * Holy Rosary, a Roman Catholic church, is located in Gower Street and works in partnership with the St Brendan’s parish in neighbouring Flemington.

 * St Mary’s Coptic Orthodox Church is located on the corner of Epsom Road and Kensington Road in a former Anglican Church building. It is the first Coptic Orthodox church in Melbourne.

 * Christ Church Kensington, located in McCracken Street, is an Anglican and Uniting Church joint congregation, with Sunday services following a combination of the Anglican and Uniting Church traditions of prayer.

 * The Strong Tower Assembly, located in McLennan Drive, is a congregation of the Redeemed Christian Church of God, a Nigerian Pentecostal mega church.

 * There are Islamic mosques in neighbouring North Melbourne and West Melbourne, and the Heavenly Queen Temple (Taoist) is across the river from Kensington in Footscray.

Demographics
According to the 2021 census, Kensington had 10,745 residents. The suburb's median age was 35, with an average of 2.1 people per household, earning a median weekly income of $2,216.

A review conducted by the City of Melbourne in 2009 following the alteration of the council boundary found that the suburb's population was growing at approximately 1% per annum, amongst the slowest-growing in the municipality. Approximately 10% of residents were university students, the lowest proportion in the municipality.

The majority of residents (65.3%) were born in Australia, while approximately 29.2% spoke a language other than English at home, mostly Mandarin, Cantonese, Vietnamese, Spanish, and  Somali.

The median household income for Kensington was $2,216 per week, higher than the Victoria median of $1,759. The most common occupations were professionals, managers, and clerical and administrative workers. Almost two-thirds (63%) of residents reported working full-time, and a further 27.2% worked part-time work. Unemployment was below the national average at 4.3%. Almost two-thirds (66%) of the residents worked 35 or more hours per week.

The housing composition is half and half, owned and rented, with 56.4% of all households being families, and 34.9% being single person households. Kensington has the highest concentration of couples with children in the City of Melbourne.

Housing
Kensington's housing is primarily medium density, a mix of semi-detached row or terrace houses, apartments, and public housing. At the time of the 2021 census, there were 5,547 private dwellings in the suburb, and 88.3% of dwellings were occupied. The average number of bedrooms per dwelling (2.4) is lower than the state average. The median rent in the suburb is $416 per week.

The suburb's residential areas are primarily concentrated towards its west, with a number of well-preserved Victorian and Edwardian timber and brick terraces along Ormond Street, McCracken Street, Rankins Road, Bellair Street, Lambeth Street and Parsons Street. The development of the Kensington Banks project following the closure of the Newmarket Saleyards has increased the share of residential property in the area.

The Housing Commission of Victoria established public housing estate in the suburb in the 1960s. A$150 million redevelopment of the estate was completed in 2012, and included the refurbishment of 217 existing units, in addition to 210 new public housing units, 417 private apartments and 15 social housing units. A high-rise tower and a number of walk-up blocks were demolished as part of the development.

Parks and public open spaces
The major recreational area is J.J. Holland Park, adjacent to South Kensington railway station.

The Kensington Banks redevelopment has provided a second major public park on the Maribyrnong River frontage. The new residential areas have been planned around a series of smaller-scaled open spaces, one of which is notable as the Women's Peace Park, to the west of Epsom Road. The open space spine formed by the stockman's route passes under Epsom Road and continues up to Racecourse Road.

In June 2016, the Melbourne City Council created a park next to Kensington Station, by expanding an existing reserve at Eastwood Street and Rankins Road, which effectively doubled the amount of green space.

Education and schools
Kensington Primary School was opened by Alfred Deakin in 1881 and initially offered places for 250 students. The new school cost £1,800, and was later expanded to accommodate a further 100 students. A Catholic primary school, Holy Rosary, opened at the parish hall in 1916, moving to its present location in 1927.

Kensington Community High School opened in the Lynch's Bridge area in 1975.

Transport

Smithfield Road, part of the Princes Highway is the main road through the suburb, located to the north. Racecourse Road forms the suburb's northern boundary. Epsom Road and Kensington Road run north east and south east respectively, forming a junction with Macaulay Road, the main arterial which links Kensington central to Melbourne in the east. Another main road, Stubbs Street, runs along the industrial western banks of the Moonee Ponds Creek.

Three train stations service Kensington. Kensington station, on the Craigieburn railway line, offers frequent service to Craigieburn and to Flinders Street, generally via the City Loop. South Kensington is served by trains on the Werribee and Williamstown lines, the Sunbury line runs express through the station. Macaulay, on the Upfield Line, is on the suburb's eastern boundary. Tram route 57 runs along the northern edge of Kensington, through Racecourse Road.

There are two bus routes: the 402, which runs along Macaulay and Kensington Roads, and the 404 which runs along Smithfield and Epsom Roads.

title: Kensington, Victoria


text:
Vertisol

A vertisol is a Soil Order in the USDA soil taxonomy and a Reference Soil Group in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). It is also defined in many other soil classification systems. In the Australian Soil Classification it is called vertosol. Vertisols have a high content of expansive clay minerals, many of them belonging to the montmorillonites that form deep cracks in drier seasons or years. In a phenomenon known as argillipedoturbation, alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-ploughing, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing some vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. (A soil with no B horizon is called an A/C soil). This heaving of the underlying material to the surface often creates a microrelief known as gilgai.

Vertisols typically form from highly basic rocks, such as basalt, in climates that are seasonally humid or subject to erratic droughts and floods, or that impeded drainage. Depending on the parent material and the climate, they can range from grey or red to the more familiar deep black (known as "black earths" in Australia, "black gumbo" in East Texas, "black cotton" soils in East Africa, and "vlei soils" in South Africa).

Vertisols are found between 50°N and 45°S of the equator. Major areas where vertisols are dominant are eastern Australia (especially inland Queensland and New South Wales), the Deccan Plateau of India, and parts of southern Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Chad (the Gezira), South Africa, and the lower Paraná River in South America. Other areas where vertisols are dominant include southern Texas and adjacent Mexico, central India, northeast Nigeria, Thrace, New Caledonia and parts of eastern China.

The natural vegetation of vertisols is grassland, savanna, or grassy woodland. The heavy texture and unstable behaviour of the soil makes it difficult for many tree species to grow, and forest is uncommon.

The shrinking and swelling of vertisols can damage buildings and roads, leading to extensive subsidence. Vertisols are generally used for grazing of cattle or sheep. It is not unknown for livestock to be injured through falling into cracks in dry periods. Conversely, many wild and domestic ungulates do not like to move on this soil when inundated. However, the shrink-swell activity allows rapid recovery from compaction.

When irrigation is available, crops such as cotton, wheat, sorghum and rice can be grown. Vertisols are especially suitable for rice because they are almost impermeable when saturated. Rainfed farming is very difficult because vertisols can be worked only under a very narrow range of moisture conditions: they are very hard when dry and very sticky when wet. However, in Australia, vertisols are highly regarded, because they are among the few soils that are not acutely deficient in available phosphorus. Some, known as "crusty vertisols", have a thin, hard crust when dry that can persist for two to three years before they have crumbled enough to permit seeding.

In the USDA soil taxonomy, vertisols are subdivided into:
 * Aquerts: Vertisols which are subdued aquic conditions for some time in most years and show redoximorphic features are grouped as Aquerts. Because of the high clay content, the permeability is slowed and aquic conditions are likely to occur. In general, when precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration, ponding may occur. Under wet soil moisture conditions, iron and manganese are mobilized and reduced. The manganese may be partly responsible for the dark color of the soil profile.
 * Cryerts: They have a cryic soil temperature regime. Cryerts are most extensive in the grassland and forest-grassland transitions zones of the Canadian Prairies and at similar latitudes in Russia.
 * Xererts: They have a thermic, mesic, or frigid soil temperature regime. They show cracks that are open at least 60 consecutive days during the summer, but are closed at least 60 consecutive days during winter. Xererts are most extensive in the eastern Mediterranean and parts of California.
 * Torrerts: They have cracks that are closed for less than 60 consecutive days when the soil temperature at 50 cm is above 8 °C. These soils are not extensive in the U.S., and occur mostly in west Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and South Dakota, but are the most extensive suborder of vertisols in Australia.
 * Usterts: They have cracks that are open for at least 90 cumulative days per year. Globally, this suborder is the most extensive of the vertisols order, encompassing the vertisols of the tropics and monsoonal climates in Australia, India, and Africa. In the U.S. the Usterts are common in Texas, Montana, Hawaii, and California.
 * Uderts: They have cracks that are open less than 90 cumulative days per year and less than 60 consecutive days during the summer. In some areas, cracks open only in drought years. Uderts are of small extent globally, being most abundant in Uruguay and eastern Argentina, but also found in parts of Queensland and the "Black Belt" of Mississippi and Alabama.

The WRB defines the diagnostic vertic horizon. It is usually a subsoil horizon and has at least 30% clay, shrink-swell cracks and wedge-shaped aggregates and/or slickensides.

title: Vertisol


text:
Talk:Dedan Kimathi

234reser {234man=ndel-a} Www.co.me

This is Kimathi's intro
"A highly controversial character, Kimathi's life has been subject to intense propaganda by both the British government who saw him as a terrorist, and Kenyan nationalists who view him as the heroic figurehead of the Mau Mau rebellion.[1]"

This is Mandela's intro
"Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (/mænˈdɛlə/;[1] 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and democratic socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997."

The Difference
Mandela is not labelled a "highly controversial character" despite millions of South Africans today seeing him as a sellout (which is the reason for the rise of the EFF in South Africa). Kimathi may have been controversial to the couple of thousand white settlers and their homeguards (many of whom took over after the departure of the colonialists) but certainly not to tens of millions of Kenyans across the country.

So if the reason for not calling Mandela "a highly controversial character" is false equivalence, it's equally false equivalence to give equal weight to a couple of thousand white settlers and their lackeys against millions of Kenyans. Dedan Kimathi's widow Mukami is respected (and visited) by leaders across Kenya's political and ethnic divide who otherwise disagree on a lot of things past and present. Even more important is that when Dedan Kimathi's statue was setup in downtown Nairobi in the 2000s, there was never a public debate among Kenyans over whether he was a freedom fighter and independence hero or not.

As always, it comes down to the neutrality of the source
The reference for the "highly controversial character" statement is listed as a publication by Professor Dan Branch, a British scholar at Warwick University as at the time of this writing. Other than being an interested party given his ethnicity and nationality, some of his publications demonstrate nationalist sentiment when it comes to matters Britain.

Case in point, here is his somewhat emotional rant in Kenya's largest newspaper when some of Kenya's politicians accused the British of hostility to Kenya's government after the 2013 elections. He speaks strongly in defense of the British government and uses absolute statements even when he isn't anywhere near part of the British government nor privy to its internal decisions. It's hard to see how that kind of person can objectively write on Kenya's colonial history and it already shows here.

For these reasons, I am removing the "highly controversial character" tag in the article and only leaving statements of how the British viewed him and how Kenyans did. Also the phrase "intense propaganda" is meaningless and is an attempt at false equivalence (both British propaganda and Kenyan propaganda is of equal value and equally false) with no evidence. So I'm deleting it too.196.106.139.213 (talk) 14:37, 24 September 2016 (UTC)

Bias
"A particularly good source of turned agents for the Government forces were those traitors who had been discovered and were evading the Mau Mau justice, which was typically strangulation or beheading." Calling local inhabitants "traitors" for working with the British government is extremely normative language, to say the least.

Likewise, "It was customary for the British to execute Africans especially Kikuyus on the flimsiest excuse.[2]" implied that Kimathi was executed on a flimsy excuse, which was not the case; he was executed for leading an armed uprising (merits of that uprising notwithstanding).

There are others. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jrule (talk • contribs) 14:42, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

Cut and paste of Article by Maina Kinyatti
Below is a cut and paste of the article under this link I resulted to pasting it here since registration is necessary to access the link and its unlikely anyone will bother going through that pain.

Kimathi: The man, the myth and the legacy

Story by MAINA KINYATTI Publication Date: 2/18/2005

Dedan Kimathi is widely recognised by many as a Mau Mau hero, but a few sceptics see him as a villain who conned his way into the history books. Today, on the 48th anniversary of his hanging by British colonialists, historian MAINA KINYATTI looks at the man in a quest for his place in the freedom struggle The dreadlocked, pensive figure, with a middle finger missing in the left hand, is the best known caricature of Dedan Kimathi, the Mau Mau leader who was hanged exactly 48 years ago today.

The dreadlocks were proof of his rough living in the forest, the missing finger a mark of his days as a farm labourer, where it was chopped off in an accident. His meditative mood hinted at his inner turmoil, having reached the end of the road.

The quest for meaning to the Mau Mau struggle and Kimathi's place in Kenya's history continue to be pursued. Lobbyists are still pushing for reparations from Britain and, closer home, there is pressure for his reburial, although his bones are yet to be found.

But what is rarely understood is how he rose to dominance in the leadership of the armed wing of the Mau Mau, and changed the direction of the struggle.

Historical accounts acknowledge that the struggle acquired a new focus and a sense of national pride and self-confidence when he took the helm, an attribute that mirrored his own life struggles and political consciousness.

He was born into a peasant family in Tetu, Nyeri, on October 31, 1920, his father having died before. At age 15, he joined Karuna-ini primary school where he was christened Dedan. An intelligent and ambitious student, he graduated at the top of his class to join Wandumbi school, where he proved his love for languages, poetry and theatre.

He was also an agile dancer and thrived in the debate club, while brooking no restraint in speaking his mind, which earned him the dubious distinction of "trouble-maker" from the teachers.

Since his mother could not afford his fees, Kimathi paid for his tuition by selling seedlings to the colonial forestry department. This he did during weekends and school holidays.

The task proved tough and futile though, and he would alternately quit school to work till he raised enough money to go back to school.

Through this gruelling struggle for education, he acquired a strong sense of self-reliance and self-esteem, believing in his ability to achieve his life goals. Clearly, this drive for a better life hardened his character and deepened his sense of independence.

In 1941, like many youngsters of the time, he was conscripted into the colonial army to fight for the British in the Second World War.

It was here that his racial consciousness was awakened, and the seed of rebellion that would sprout and bloom in the forest sowed.

He was dismissed from the army three months later for disobeying orders from a British commander who had made racist remarks against him.

A brief stint at Scotland mission school Tumutumu followed, but he was soon sent home for lack of fees and his usual outspokenness.

Kimathi later served as a clerk, and went on to teach at Karuna-ini primary school before he was fired for criticising the administration. His last employment before he became involved in the anti-colonial struggle was as a pig farm hand in Ol Kalou.

Fired by the intensity of the anti-colonial struggle, he started attending Kenya African Union (KAU) rallies and reading the party newspaper, Sauti ya Mwafrika, as well as other political publications like Mumenyereri.

He also read colonial newspapers like Baraza and, at the same time, was actively involved in the Forty Youth Movement. He quickly rose through the KAU ranks to become the youth organiser.

Recruited into the more militant underground movement, he was sworn in as a committed Mau Mau fighter. He took the oath of unity and loyalty to the revolutionary movement. Above ground, he was elected the KAU branch secretary for Ol Kalou and Nyahururu. He proved a skilful organiser, an effective administrator and a fiery nationalistic orator.

In reality, Kimathi was working at two levels. He was an official of the legal above-ground KAU, but he secretly worked for the underground Mau Mau, recruiting the youth and administering the anti-imperialist oath among the oppressed masses.

In October 1952, the Mau Mau central committee ordered that Enoch Mwangi organise the liquidation of Chief Waruhiu and Kimathi and Mathenge eliminate Chief Nderi wa Wang’ombe.

Nderi was executed on October 7 and Waruhiu on October 20. In retaliation, the colonial regime intensified its brutality, killing hundreds and burning homes and destroying property.

At the same time, it publicly offered a reward to anyone who would give information that would lead to Kimathi’s capture. The "wanted" poster read as follows:

A reward of 10,000 shillings has been offered by the Kenya [colonial] police for information leading to the arrest of a former Secretary of the Thompson’s Falls Branch of KAU, Dedan Kimathi Waciuri, who is wanted in connection with the murder of Chief Nderi. Kimathi is officially thought to be the leader of [guerrilla band] operating in [Nyandarwa] range.

When last seen he was wearing a black great coat. He carried a long staff. On a previous occasion, he was armed with a rifle thought to be a double-barrelled .450. He is described as 30 years of age, thickset and 5 feet 9 inches in height. He is medium light-skinned, bearded, and has a thin scar about an inch long on or near the right or left cheek bone. The first two joints of the left middle finger are missing. He is a dangerous, fanatic terrorist.

In December 1952, Kimathi was ordered by the Mau Mau war council to join the main guerrilla army in Nyandarua under Stanley Mathenge’s command.

With him were his two younger brothers Wagura and Wambararia and brother in-law Nguthiru wa Ngumo.

Wagura and Nguthiru were killed on the battlefield and Wambararia was captured by the colonial forces in early 1955. And to save his skin, he became a turncoat, but after extracting a lot of information from him, they threw him into prison where he was tried and executed.

On August 16, 1953 Kimathi called a four-day congress to be held at Mwathe in Nyandarwa. Letters were sent out to all field commanders.

A rift between Kimathi and Mathenge soon emerged as each attempted to consolidate his base. The row was never resolved as Mathenge soon disappeared, and was reported killed by the British forces in May 1955. (The Mathenge mystery remains and an attempt two years ago to search for the lost general turned out to be a hoax).

As the overall commander of the armed movement, Kimathi acted as a teacher and military adviser to the guerrillas, teaching them how to organise successful attacks and encouraging them to be self-reliant.

He taught them how to win friends and isolate enemies. He was very concerned about the discipline and good conduct among the guerrillas.

He urged all the Mau Mau cadres and the fighters to make sure the workers and peasants understood the importance of the armed struggle.

Frequently, he would arrange meetings with the Kenya Land Freedom Army (KLFA) village central committee members to brief them about the war progress.

Kimathi strongly believed that only the people's unity, courage and commitment would bring down the colonial regime and greatly contribute to the total liberation of the African continent.

His inspired and courageous leadership and organising skills led the British to acknowledge that by 1956, there were virtually two parallel governments in Kenya.

His capture and death became a matter of absolute importance to the colonial regime.

He was finally betrayed by a KLFA turncoat and shot and captured by the British on October 20, 1956.

In prison, the British and their Kenyan friends tried every means at their disposal to buy him out, but he declined.

The only thing he could negotiate for, he told his captors, was the departure of the British and their armed forces from Kenya.

On February 18, 1957 the British executed him and buried him in an unmarked grave at the Kamiti maximum security prison, Nairobi.

And as we celebrate Mau Mau Day today, we must remember Kimathi’s famous words: "It is better to die on our feet than to live on our knees."

The writer teaches history at Hunter College, City University of New York, and is the director of Mau Mau Research Centre, also in New York. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wk muriithi (talk • contribs)

 * Well, if that is the average American's view of history then that explains a lot. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.149.173.13 (talk) 12:43, 18 February 2017 (UTC)

Revision comment
It looks like some changed "kenyan" to Kikuyu. To be frank, that is true, Kikuyu like the guy a lot, but that edit actually make the article erroneous if you think about it. See, it imply that the rest of Kenyans don't approve of him. Do you sincerely believe that? Don't you think his goal was share by the other Kenyans and would there respect him at least?

I will put it in another way. I respect Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, even more than Kenyatta for I think he was more helpful to the general kenyan public while Kenyatta helped only his Kikuyu friends. Something tell me this view is shared by many Kenyan who can be able to avoid tribal bias. His influence was however concentrated on the west and the change below could easily be tagged on him. Just an humble observation

The British colonial government that ruled Kenya at the time considered him a terrorist, but many kikuyu viewed him as a freedom fighter. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wk muriithi (talk • contribs)

Second World War?
The article says : "Notable was his enlisting with the army to fight in the Second World War in 1941. However, in 1944, he was expelled for misconduct."

This implies Kimathi fought in WW2 however I believe this is not the case. While there is no doubt he joined the army, some sources deny he ever fought.

Cf. Ngugu wa Thiong'o' and Micere Githae Mugo's introduction to their play, "The Trial of Dedan Kimathi" (Heinemann African Writers' Series, 1976). They describe travelling to Kimathi's home village where they meet many people who knew him: "...it is generally assumed that Kimathi fought in the Second 'World' War and people have tended to assume that that was where he learned his military skills as well as his skills in making guns. Kimathi never fought in that war."

I suggest therefore that the article is amended to say that Kimathi enlisted in 1941 but did not see action before his expulsion in 1944 for misconduct. Ixanthus 14:19, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Photo and Statue
We need a photo of Kimathi and also mention the bronze statue that has been unveiled in his honour. Kendirangu 10:39, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

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Mau Mau section
This citations in this section are insufficient and highly dubious. I am unable to find any other mention outside of the Daily Telegraph of Kimathi's alleged cannibalistic and similary grotesque abuses as mentioned here. Considering the extraordinary nature of these claims, we are going to have to do better than a British newspaper that gives no indication as to its own source, particularly if that newspaper is the most conservative of any of the major broadsheets.

The citations from Ian Henderson, meanwhile, are perhaps even more egregious from a historical standpoint. The Butcher of Bahrain is not an adequately reliable source for the alleged crimes of the opposing side in a war he personally prosecuted. I can't believe this even has to be said.

This section is in need of attention from an expert. XXx420 bLaZe iT 69xXx (talk) 10:42, 28 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Agree, sourcing could be much improved here.--Chuka Chief (talk) 14:20, 30 April 2020 (UTC)

Ian Henderson
has been persistently inserting sensationalized accounts based on a book by Ian Henderson (police officer), a direct participant in the conflict associated with the Mau Mau uprising, which are questionable both in terms of factual accuracy and in terms of being sourced to someone who has been accused of atrocities in Kenya and elsewhere, and who would have a strong motivation to portray Kimathi in the worst possible light. If the accusations have a place in the article, they should be sourced to academic research on the subject, not to a participant's account or to contemporary sensationalized accounts.

And I'm tired of the reverts with no interactions, with edit summaries complaining about "vandalism."  Acroterion   (talk)   02:48, 19 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dedan Kimathi


text:
Saltair, British Columbia

Saltair is an unincorporated community with a population of 2,325 on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, or the Georgia Strait. It is a predominantly rural community located between the urban centers of Ladysmith and Chemainus. Saltair is within the Cowichan Valley Regional District. It is home to a number of parks: Stocking Creek Park, Diana, Princess of Wales Wilderness Park, and Saltair Centennial Park. In part, Saltair is a community of artists, scenery and farmland. It provides panoramic ocean and mountain views and a rural ambiance its residents treasure. Community news and updates can be found on Saltair websites. The area is served by the coast-spanning Island Highway and the Island Rail Corridor.

title: Saltair, British Columbia


text:
User talk:Nachojoker

Here is a beatuful poem I wrote for english:

Let me repose and suppose for a second. I don’t mean to impose, but who knows Barbie’s nose wasn’t a way for her to dispose of her own woes? I should have had this problem foreclosed with that hoe before I had her overexposed. Take off Barbie’s clothes, and look at her pose; I propose that she is composed like a UFO. I am a pro. - Nachojoker@aol.com

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Note: please don't post in other people's User: page, use the User talk: page like this one to communicate with other users. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 07:28, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Nachojoker


text:
Coneheads

The Coneheads are a fictional family of extraterrestrials with bald conical heads, created for a series of recurring sketches on Saturday Night Live (SNL). They first appeared on the January 15, 1977 episode hosted by Ralph Nader (episode 35: season 2 episode 11). They are portrayed by Dan Aykroyd as father Beldar, Jane Curtin as mother Prymaat, and Laraine Newman as daughter Connie. In 1993, they appeared in a feature film with Michelle Burke substituted as Connie.

Summary
The Coneheads are natives of the planet Remulak, stranded on Earth. Their distinguishing feature is the tops of their heads, shaped like large, bald cones. The father's name is Beldar; his wife is Prymaat, and their teenage daughter is Connie. Beldar and Prymaat sometimes use the pseudonyms Fred and Joyce. Beldar states his occupation as "timekeeper of Remulak"; this means he is a spy tasked with alerting his home planet to the optimum time for an invasion of Earth, which he fails to do. Connie is assimilating with Earthlings through association with her peers at school, and some family stress is caused by her desire to live as a typical Earth teenager. Beldar gives his family a cover story to explain their strange behavior by saying that they are "from France".

Physiology
The Coneheads speak in a very fast, nasal monotone. Their speech is characterized by the failure to understand idioms used by native English speakers, and their unnecessarily formal use of the language. They refer to food as "consumables", and say "I summon you" when asking to speak to another person. The adults refer to Connie as "the young one" and themselves as her "parental units". They will say "Maintain low tones!" (one of their catchphrases) when voices rise in heated family discussions. They use the word "Mebs!" as an expletive when highly upset.

The Coneheads have much larger appetites than Earthlings, eating large amounts of food during meals (which they identify by another one of their catchphrases, "consuming mass quantities"). They drink entire six-packs of beer at once, and smoke whole packs of cigarettes at a time. On the 1977 Halloween episode (October 29), a neighbor complains about their choice of trick-or-treat handouts: beer and fried eggs. They also consume substances and items inedible to Earthlings, such as cleaning fluid, pencil shavings, and fiberglass insulation.

Coneheads have sex by rubbing their cones together and placing "senso-rings" over them. When the neighbors bring a dessert coffee ring to a dinner invitation, Beldar, who takes it to be an edible senso-ring, grabs it and shouts, "No! Not in front of the young ones!"

Conceptual origins
Dan Aykroyd said he was inspired to create the Coneheads by marijuana consumption and based the characters' appearance on the Moai, the mysterious and ancient stone statues of Easter Island, which have similarly long heads, and the people of the land of Points from Harry Nilsson's fable The Point!. Dan Aykroyd also mentioned in an interview that he drew inspiration from the film This Island Earth where the very tall foreheads of the aliens go largely unnoticed by humans.

Music
Frank Zappa wrote a song based on the sketches, titled "Conehead". It appeared on his 1981 album You Are What You Is. When he hosted SNL, Zappa also appeared in a Coneheads sketch as a man dating Connie, where he makes note that he prefers French women.

Adaptations
The concept was turned into a Rankin/Bass animated special, The Coneheads, which aired October 14, 1983 on NBC. Aykroyd, Curtin and Newman reprised their roles from the original sketches.

A live-action film, Coneheads, released in 1993, starring Aykroyd and Curtin. Michelle Burke took over the role of Connie in the film, with Newman appearing as Connie's aunt on Remulak. Marvel Comics produced a comic book limited series, with all-original stories set after the events of the film. The feature film was licensed to Playmates Toys and a line of action figures was created, designed by the development team from Pangea Corporation. The film was a box office disaster.

SNL appearances

 * January 15, 1977: The Coneheads at Home (Host: Ralph Nader)
 * February 26, 1977: The Coneheads at Home (Host: Steve Martin)
 * March 26, 1977: The Farbers Meet The Coneheads (Host: Jack Burns)
 * April 16, 1977: The Coneheads At Home (Host: Elliott Gould)
 * May 21, 1977: Return Of The Coneheads (Host: Buck Henry)
 * October 29, 1977: Return Of The Coneheads (Host: Charles Grodin)
 * January 21, 1978: Family Feud (Host: Steve Martin)
 * March 18, 1978: The Coneheads On Earth (Host: Jill Clayburgh)
 * May 13, 1978: Cone Encounters Of The Third Kind (Host: Richard Dreyfuss)
 * October 21, 1978: The Coneheads At Home (Host: Frank Zappa)
 * February 24, 1979: The Coneheads At The Movies (Host: Kate Jackson)

Source:

Licensed usage
As of late May 2015, State Farm Insurance created a Coneheads version of its commercial "State of Unrest," in which Dan Aykroyd and Jane Curtin reprise their Coneheads roles and put a Coneheads spin on the original commercial that features a husband calling the State Farm 24-hour policy line, while his wife is sure he is talking to his mistress despite his protests that he is talking to State Farm. A second Conehead State Farm commercial is set on their spaceship. When the microwave breaks, the Coneheads (Aykroyd, Curtin and Newman) invoke their State Farm representative by singing the company's jingle. The agent assures them they saved money on their policy, but then notices they are in space and not in France, where the Coneheads are supposedly from, so the Coneheads sing the jingle again, but add "in France!" and they all end up sitting at a table outside a French bistro, with the Eiffel Tower in the background.

title: Coneheads


text:
RSW

RSW may refer to:

 * The IATA airport code for Southwest Florida International Airport
 * Registered social worker
 * Raleigh RSW 16
 * Rogers Sportsnet West
 * Renegade Soundwave, electronic music group
 * The Royal Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour
 * Resistance Spot Welding
 * RSW "Prasa-Książka-Ruch" newspaper monopoly in communist Poland
 * Refrigerated Sea Water

title: RSW