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User talk:Jeff3000

Template:Bayanic Texts and scriptures listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Template:Bayanic Texts and scriptures. Since you had some involvement with the Template:Bayanic Texts and scriptures redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Smkolins (talk) 04:01, 14 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I think I cleaned up all the old references to that name so the redirect doesn't need to exist any more. Right? --Smkolins (talk) 04:03, 14 February 2014 (UTC)

September 2014
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 * The Bahá'í Faith sees Abraham as a Manifestation of God, a term for a prophet. He is referred to in the [[Kitáb-

File:Chile2.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Chile2.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 18:26, 15 December 2014 (UTC)

Maybe this #redirect should be discussed thoroughly
  M  aurice   12:42, 31 January 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:56, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Talk:List of religious leaders in 2006 listed at Redirects for discussion
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Today's featured article/July 1, 2017
Canada has been scheduled as today's featured article for July 1. I'd appreciate it if you could check the article one more time to make sure it's up-to-date. You're welcome to edit the main page text, but you're not under any obligation; I'll be trimming the text to roughly 1100 characters. Thanks! - Dank (push to talk) 00:33, 12 June 2017 (UTC)

Precious
--Gerda Arendt (talk) 07:58, 1 July 2017 (UTC)

Three years ago, you were recipient no. 1676 of Precious, a prize of QAI! --Gerda Arendt (talk) 05:49, 1 July 2020 (UTC)

Wikipedia:WWIS listed at Redirects for discussion
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Featured article review for Tahirih Justice Center
I have nominated Tahirih Justice Center for a featured article review here. Please join the discussion on whether this article meets featured article criteria. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. If substantial concerns are not addressed during the review period, the article will be moved to the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Delist" the article's featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. TheDragonFire (talk) 06:15, 21 July 2017 (UTC)

Computer administrator listed at Redirects for discussion
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Proposed deletion of File:Ca-map2.png

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Your access to AWB may be temporarily removed
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CfD nomination at
A category or categories you have created have been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. A discussion is taking place to decide whether this proposal complies with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at  on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. –Aidan721 (talk) 17:43, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jeff3000


text:
Network processor

A network processor is an integrated circuit which has a feature set specifically targeted at the networking application domain.

Network processors are typically software programmable devices and would have generic characteristics similar to general purpose central processing units that are commonly used in many different types of equipment and products.

History of development
In modern telecommunications networks, information (voice, video, data) is transferred as packet data (termed packet switching) which is in contrast to older telecommunications networks that carried information as analog signals such as in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) or analog TV/Radio networks. The processing of these packets has resulted in the creation of integrated circuits (IC) that are optimised to deal with this form of packet data. Network processors have specific features or architectures that are provided to enhance and optimise packet processing within these networks.

Network processors have evolved into ICs with specific functions. This evolution has resulted in more complex and more flexible ICs being created. The newer circuits are programmable and thus allow a single hardware IC design to undertake a number of different functions, where the appropriate software is installed.

Network processors are used in the manufacture of many different types of network equipment such as:

 * Routers, software routers and switches (Inter-network processors)
 * Firewalls
 * Session border controllers
 * Intrusion detection devices
 * Intrusion prevention devices
 * Network monitoring systems
 * Network security (secure cryptoprocessors)

Reconfigurable Match-Tables
Reconfigurable Match-Tables were introduced in 2013 to allow switches to operate at high speeds while maintaining flexibility when it comes to the network protocols running on them, or the processing to does to them. P4 is used to program the chips. The company Barefoot Networks was based around these processors and was later purchased by Intel in 2019. An RMT pipeline relies on three main stages; the programmable parser, the Match-Action tables and the programmable deparser. The parser reads the packet in chunks and processes these chunks to find out which protocols are used in the packet (Ethernet, VLAN, IPv4...) and extracts certain fields from the packet into the Packet Header Vector (PHV). Certain fields in the PHV may be reserved for special uses such as present headers or total packet length. The protocols are typically programmable, and so are the fields to extract. The Match-Action tables are a series of units that read an input PHV, match certain fields in it using a crossbar and CAM memory, the result is a wide instruction that operates on one or more fields of the PHV and data to support this instruction. The output PHV is then sent to the next MA stage or to the deparser. The deparser takes in the PHV as well as the original packet and it's metadata (to fill in missing bits that weren't extracted into the PHV) and then outputs the modified packet as chunks. It's typically programmable as with the parser and may reuse some of the configuration files.

FlexNIC attempts to apply this model to Network Interface Controllers allowing servers to send and receive packets at high speeds while maintaining protocol flexibility and without increasing the CPU overhead.

Generic functions
In the generic role as a packet processor, a number of optimised features or functions are typically present in a network processor, which include:

 * Pattern matching – the ability to find specific patterns of bits or bytes within packets in a packet stream.
 * Key lookup – the ability to quickly undertake a database lookup using a key (typically an address in a packet) to find a result, typically routing information.
 * Computation
 * Data bitfield manipulation – the ability to change certain data fields contained in the packet as it is being processed.
 * Queue management – as packets are received, processed and scheduled to be sent onwards, they are stored in queues.
 * Control processing – the micro operations of processing a packet are controlled at a macro level which involves communication and orchestration with other nodes in a system.
 * Quick allocation and re-circulation of packet buffers.

Architectural paradigms
In order to deal with high data-rates, several architectural paradigms are commonly used:

 * Pipeline of processors - each stage of the pipeline consisting of a processor performing one of the functions listed above.
 * Parallel processing with multiple processors, often including multithreading.
 * Specialized microcoded engines to more efficiently accomplish the tasks at hand.
 * With the advent of multicore architectures, network processors can be used for higher layer (L4-L7) processing.

Additionally, traffic management, which is a critical element in L2-L3 network processing and used to be executed by a variety of co-processors, has become an integral part of the network processor architecture, and a substantial part of its silicon area ("real estate") is devoted to the integrated traffic manager. Modern network processors are also equipped with low-latency high-throughput on-chip interconnection networks optimized for the exchange of small messages among cores (few data words). Such networks can be used as an alternative facility for the efficient inter-core communication aside of the standard use of shared memory.

Applications
Using the generic function of the network processor, a software program implements an application that the network processor executes, resulting in the piece of physical equipment performing a task or providing a service. Some of the applications types typically implemented as software running on network processors are:

 * Packet or frame discrimination and forwarding, that is, the basic operation of a router or switch.
 * Quality of service (QoS) enforcement – identifying different types or classes of packets and providing preferential treatment for some types or classes of packet at the expense of other types or classes of packet.
 * Access Control functions – determining whether a specific packet or stream of packets should be allowed to traverse the piece of network equipment.
 * Encryption of data streams – built in hardware-based encryption engines allow individual data flows to be encrypted by the processor.
 * TCP offload processing

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Network processor


text:
Talk:Crossbar latch

The revised version is being written at Crossbar_latch/Temp.

Umm, what's the point of that? Keenan Pepper 03:28, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Crossbar latch


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Violet Scene

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was '''Keep 6 / Delete 4. Keep.''' -- AllyUnion (talk) 09:58, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Violet Scene
According to the article this disbanded group had one album and an EP. 171 hits on Google for Violet Scene, many of which are not for this group. Doesn't meet WikiProject Music/Notability and Music Guidelines --Lee Hunter 01:44, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Well, this band has certainly been found worthy of an article/biography on All Music Guide, whose editors' competence is, as far as I know, not in question. Rock fan

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. This band lasted from 1995 to 2000. They recorded only two independend albums, won no major award. Only 171 Google hits. Some of the ex-members then went to form Still Doing Sky, which is not in AMG and gets 50 Google hits. I often trust AMG, but I'll disagree with them in this one. JoaoRicardo 03:05, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mikkalai 07:12, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless verifiable references are given - David Gerard 10:43, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - fails Google test. Megan1967 01:02, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. If All Music Guide which is a comprehensive guide to music think that this group is notable enough for an article, it indicates that we should consider doing the same. I have added to the article and wikified it. Capitalistroadster 06:35, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 'keep. Yuckfoo 01:02, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, clearly fails inclusion guidelines. —Korath (Talk) 07:40, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC) Keep per Tuf-Kat. —Korath (Talk) 17:19, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band promo. Wile E. Heresiarch 08:30, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Grue 10:12, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, now meets WikiProject:Music's guidelines for inclusion (through the national tour of Norway). Tuf-Kat 16:42, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and allow for organic growth and expansion. GRider\talk 18:44, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:HedgeHog

CDVF
OK, I'm going to put that in the 2.1 work in progress. I don't have the proper fonts installed or the knowledge of foreign languages to be able to test it fully. You say it works on ru, so that's a start. I'd be happy to put you in the credits section of the program, so if you want to be in, let me know and if you feel like it give me your real name as well. Cheers. CryptoDerk 23:44, May 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your kind words. See my answer on User talk:CryptoDerk/CDVF. --HedgeHog 09:14, 25 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, I just now read your response finally -- I had expected you to reply on my talk page. Whoops.  CryptoDerk 23:00, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:HedgeHog


text:
Cuitláhuac metro station

Cuitláhuac is a station on the Mexico City Metro. It is located in the Colonia Popotla and Colonia San Álvaro districts in the Miguel Hidalgo borough of Mexico City, to the northwest of the city center. It lies along Line 2. In 2019, the station had an average ridership of 18,615 passengers per day.

Name and pictogram
The station's name comes from nearby Avenida Cuitláhuac, an avenue named in honor of Cultlahuanctzin (whose name was later changed into Spanish language as "Cuitláhuac"). He was the tenth, and penultimate, Aztec emperor and the one who defeated Hernán Cortés in the Battle of La Noche Triste ("Sad Night") in 1520. The station pictogram depicts an Aztec battle shield.

General information
The station was opened on 14 September 1970 as part of the second stretch of Line 2, from Pino Suárez to Tacuba.

Metro Cuitláhuac is also close to Avenida México-Tacuba, one of the most important avenues in the city built on the former route of one of Tenochtitláns three main avenues into the mainland. The station also connects with trolleybus Line "I", which runs between Metro El Rosario and Metro Chapultepec.

The station serves the Popotla and San Álvaro neighborhoods.

Exits

 * South: Calzada México-Tacuba and Avenida Cuitláhuac, Popotla
 * North: Calzada México-Tacuba and Avenida Cuitláhuac, Colonia San Álvaro

title: Cuitláhuac metro station


text:
Phalanx (video game)

Phalanx (full title: Phalanx: The Enforce Fighter A-144) is a 1991 horizontally scrolling shooter developed by ZOOM Inc. and Kemco for the Sharp X68000, Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy Advance. The game was released for the X68000 in Japan in 1991, for the SNES in Japan on August 7, 1992, in North America in October 1992 and in the same year in Europe, as well as for the Game Boy Advance in Japan on October 26, 2001, in Europe on November 23, 2001 and in North America on December 27, 2001.

Phalanx is infamous for the incongruous box art in its American release: it displays a bearded, elderly man dressed in overalls, wearing a fedora and playing a banjo while a futuristic spaceship flies in the background. The popular media site IGN named it their fifth "Most Awesome Cover" in a top 25 countdown on their website. The advertising company responsible for the box art later admitted that they had deliberately chosen this theme in order to attract the customer with something original, considering there were many space shooters in the market that looked alike. The Game Boy Advance release used a redesigned cover with a prominent image of a spaceship.

A "mini" version called Tiny Phalanx was featured in the 1995 fighting game Zero Divide.

Gameplay

The player's ship can switch to three different speed levels at any time, allowing the player to move fast to avoid enemies and obstacles entirely, or slow down to weave between enemy bullets. An unusual addition for a shooter at the time is the ability for the player's ship to take multiple hits before losing a life: the Phalanx had three hit points which could be restored by a certain power-up, which is important as health is persistent between levels. A variety of weapons can be picked up from items that certain enemies leave behind, and up to three can be stored at a time; further weapons replace the currently-equipped weapon when acquired. The player can switch between these weapons freely, and sacrifice a weapon to produce a "smart bomb" effect, freeing up the slot to grab another weapon without waste. The Extent was set at every 300,000 points. Difficulty can be adjusted between three levels in the options menu (unavailable during play), and primarily affects the number of bullets fired by enemies; a hidden "Funny" difficulty is available through the use of cheat codes, and escalates the game's difficulty dramatically.

Weapons and Items
L – Laser: Equips the ship with two stationary options, respectively above and below the ship, while changing the ship's attack to a piercing laser beam. Successive upgrades cause the options to fire beams as well, fore and aft, while increasing the beams' power. Its Smart Bomb attack causes the ship to spin rapidly, firing powerful bullets outward in a spiral pattern, while rendering the ship invulnerable.

H – Homing: Equips the ship with two options which orbit clockwise around the ship, while changing the ship's main weapon to a homing ball of energy. Upgrading causes the options to fire their own homing balls, and increases their power. Its Smart Bomb attack is a ball of energy that surrounds the ship, negating all damage and causing heavy damage to any enemy touched by the energy field.

E – Energizer: A charge weapon which fires energy bolts; charging increases the size and number of bolts fired; upgrades improve the maximum charge level. Its Smart Bomb attack is a full-screen antimatter reaction which causes continual damage to all visible enemies.

R – Ricochet: Equips the ship with two options which orbit the ship in opposing directions, while changing the ship's attack to a green ball of energy. Upgrading causes the options to fire similar balls of energy forward diagonally up and down, which bounce off flat walls or ceilings, and increases overall damage. Its Smart Bomb attack combines the two options into a single homing drone which engages enemies at melee range, killing them before seeking a new target. Unlike other Smart Bomb attacks, the ship remains vulnerable during this attack; additionally, the drone will frequently seek out invulnerable portions of enemies to attack, reducing its usefulness against bosses.

A – A-Type Missile: A standard side-weapon which launches homing missiles that detonate on impact.

B – B-Type Missile: A standard side-weapon which launches forward firing rockets that do not detonate, and damage all enemies along their path.

C – C-Type Missile: A standard side-weapon which launches guided missiles, mimicking the A-144's vertical movement as they fly forward, that detonate on impact.

P – Power-Capsule: The game's combination healing and weapon enhancement power-up; simultaneously upgrades weapons systems by one level, and heals one point of ship health.

Plot
Taking place in the year 2279, a planetary research project is sent into the depths of space. One particular group of researchers lands on and partly colonizes the alien planet Delia. However, sometime after their stay, an emergency transmission is sent from Delia to their security force orbiting the planet. The only clue they are given is a message regarding a hazardous leak. The planet's space fighters had become possessed by an unknown space squadron of alien bioships that appear out of nowhere and soon make themselves a hostile threat among the possessed fighters. The player assumes the role of Wink Baufield (named Rick in the Game Boy Advance version), an ace pilot assigned to investigate the disaster and possibly discover what is invading Delia in the assignment Operation Climax in the experimental space fighter the A/144 Phalanx.

Box art
The unusual SNES box art for the US release, featuring an elderly man (Bertil Valley) playing a banjo has been cited in examples of bizarre video game box art. In an interview with Destructoid, Matt Guss, an advertiser who worked on Phalanx ' s cover, stated that the idea for the art came from coworker Keith Campbell. Campbell, who didn't find anything in Phalanx that stood out, decided to make the packaging eye-catching, hoping a potential buyer would stare at the box art and wonder "what just happened." The box art itself has been described by Destructoid's Allastair Pinsoff as "Goofy and misleading" and by ScreenRant's Ryan Lynch as "the most surreal video game box art of all time".

Release
ZOOM Inc. announced that there would be a remake of this game for WiiWare at a cost of 500 Wii points. It was released in Japan on December 22, 2009.

Reception
SNES Force Magazine gave the SNES version a review score of 74% stating: "Unoriginal and frustrating gameplay saved only by clean, sharp graphics."

title: Phalanx (video game)


text:
Jo Dee Messina

Jo Dee Marie Messina (born August 25, 1970) is an American country music artist. She has charted six number-one singles on the Billboard country music charts. She has been honored by the Country Music Association and the Academy of Country Music, and has been nominated for two Grammy Awards. She was the first female country artist to score three multiple-week number-one songs from the same album. To date, she has two platinum and three gold-certified albums by the RIAA.

Messina debuted in 1996 with the single "Heads Carolina, Tails California." Her album was certified gold by the RIAA. Her second album, I'm Alright, produced five top-10 country hits between 1998 and 1999, and sold over a million copies in America. Since her debut, six of her singles have peaked at number one on the Billboard country singles chart and five of her albums have received a certification by the RIAA or the CRIA. She has sold over 5 million records worldwide.

Early life
Jo Dee Marie Messina was born on August 25, 1970, in Framingham, Massachusetts, to Vincent and Mary Messina. Her father, of Italian descent, and mother, of Irish descent, raised her in Holliston, Massachusetts, alongside sisters, Terese and Marianne, and a brother, Vincent. At an early age, Messina's love for music blossomed. She drew influence from a variety of country music artists, including Patsy Cline, Reba McEntire, and The Judds. By age 16, she was playing local clubs, singing while her brother and sister provided backup on drums and guitar. The group continued performing until Jo Dee graduated from high school.

Realizing that living in the Northeast would limit her chances of achieving country music stardom, Messina moved to Nashville, Tennessee, at age 19. She worked various temporary jobs, including computer programming and accounting, while entering talent contests around Nashville.

One win led to a regular gig on the radio show Live at Libby's, which caught the interest of producer Byron Gallimore, who helped her assemble a demonstration tape. Gallimore was also working with the young Tim McGraw around the same time, and Messina befriended him. Backstage at one of his concerts, McGraw met an executive from his label, Curb Records, and jokingly suggested that they needed a redhead. With the help of fellow Curb producer James Stroud, Messina was soon signed to the record label. Gallimore and McGraw later became co-producers of Messina's studio albums for Curb.

1996–97: Country success
Messina released her self-titled debut album in 1996. It spawned two top-10 hits, starting with the lead single, "Heads Carolina, Tails California", which peaked at number two on the country charts and its follow-up, "You're Not in Kansas Anymore" gained similar success. However, the two additional singles released from the album, "Do You Wanna Make Something of It" and "He'd Never Seen Julie Cry" peaked outside the country top 40 and were minor hits between 1996 and 1997. Following her major success, Messina performed 215 shows in 1996 and became one of the most successful new female vocalists of the 1990s. Her debut album sold over 500,000 copies and was certified gold by the RIAA.

Messina's finances suffered due to a series of poor business decisions and a change of management that led her to nearly declaring bankruptcy; she nearly lost her home and her car. She spent nearly a year trying to write new songs and material for a new album that could help bring herself out of bankruptcy. She credited the radio success of "Bye, Bye" and "I'm Alright" with giving her a "second chance".

1998−2006: Breakthrough success
Messina released her second album in 1998, I'm Alright. The album spawned three number-one hit singles on the Billboard Country Chart that year: "Bye, Bye"; "I'm Alright"; and "Stand Beside Me", all three of which charted on the Billboard Hot 100, as well. The fourth single, "Lesson in Leavin", was a cover of Dottie West's 1980 number-one country hit. The song peaked at number two for seven weeks. In 1999, she had another top-10 hit from the album, "Because You Love Me", which peaked at number eight on the Billboard Country Chart.

In 2000, Messina received the Country Music Association's Horizon Award, which is awarded to new country music artists. She also won the Billboard "Most Played Female at Country Radio", and won three major awards from the Boston Music Awards, located in her home state of Massachusetts.

Messina's album became her biggest-selling album to date, selling over two million copies in the US, receiving an RIAA certification of double platinum. She released her third studio album, Burn in 2000, which aimed towards country pop-styled music. The album's lead single, "That's the Way" peaked at number one on the Billboard Country Chart and also became her highest-charting single on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 25. Following that success, she had two additional top-10 hits with "Burn" and "Downtime".

Messina had another number-one hit from the album in 2001 with "Bring On the Rain", a duet with Tim McGraw that also became a top-10 hit on the Adult Contemporary Chart, peaking at number six. In addition to headlining concerts, she also toured with Vince Gill, George Strait, and The Judds' reunion tour.

Messina released her first holiday album in 2002 with A Joyful Noise. The title track was released as a single and peaked at number 16 on the adult contemporary chart in 2003. The album consisted of remakes of established holiday songs. Messina planned to release a new album in 2003, but a Greatest Hits album was released, instead, due to delays. The album covered most of Messina's hits between 1996 and 2003, and also included four new songs, including two that were released as singles. The first, "Was That My Life", peaked in the top 25 and the second, "I Wish", became a top-15 hit. The album was also certified gold by RIAA.

In 2005, Messina released her first country music studio album since 2000, Delicious Surprise. It peaked at number one on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and number 9 on Billboard 200. It sold over 500,000 copies and became her fourth album to receive an RIAA gold certification. The lead single, "My Give a Damn's Busted" (co-written by country music star Joe Diffie), peaked at number one on the Billboard Country Chart and became Messina's first number-one single since “Bring On the Rain” 2002, and her last number one hit of her career. The three follow-up singles - "Delicious Surprise (I Believe It)" "Not Going Down," and "It's Too Late To Worry" - were minor top-40 hits on the Billboard country chart between 2005 and 2006.

2007–2012: Unmistakable
Messina released a new single in July 2007, "Biker Chick", from her fifth studio album, Unmistakable. It was written by Kelly Archer and Max T. Barnes and was recorded in the fall of 2006 in Nashville. Although the album was set for release on November 6, 2007, it was shelved, and the single was dropped from country radio after spending 9 weeks on the charts, rising to a peak of number 48.

On March 22, 2008, Messina released her second single from Unmistakable, titled "I'm Done". The single peaked at number 34 on the Billboard Country Chart. Messina, who co-wrote the song, explained that the release of the album was "truly dictated by the success of the single." On June 10, 2008, Messina and Phil Vassar opened the 2008 CMA Music Festival, where she performed her two number-one hits, "Bye, Bye" and "I'm Alright", both co-written by Vassar.

She performed her latest single, "I'm Done", which received a positive reaction from the audience that day. In early 2009, she released Shine, but at the last minute, her record label decided not to release it, and the album was pushed back again.

In January 2010, Messina released the single, "That's God", although it failed to chart. Messina began debuting the single in late 2009 on her Music Room Series tour. "My heart is exploding with excitement. This song is truly what I want to say. I believe in it and its message." Having had her first child in January 2009, Messina was inspired to write the song while spending time with her son on a trip to Jasper, Alberta in Canada, where she saw mountains with glacier lakes. The single received a negative review at Engine 145, where critic Sam Gadzidak thought that it was derivative of Lee Ann Womack's "There Is a God".

She later announced that the album would be released in a trilogy of extended plays, beginning with Unmistakable: Love, released on April 27, 2010. It was followed by two additional extended plays, Drive and Inspiration, both released on November 9, 2010, in MP3 format.

In 2011, Messina signed to promote the WD-40 line of cleaners with a campaign called "Unmistakably Clean". A collection of her songs is available for free download with the purchase of specially marked Spot Shot, Carpet Fresh, 2000 Flushes, or X-14.

In 2012, Messina was featured on the fourth season of Bravo's hit reality show The Real Housewives of Atlanta. On the show, Messina and cast member Kandi Burruss collaboratively wrote a song, Burruss' first effort at creating country music. In December 2012, she completed her 17-year contract with Curb Records.

2013–present: Independent Label, Dreambound Records
In May 2013, Messina started a Kickstarter campaign to fund her next album. The lead single, "Peace Sign", was released on August 23, 2013, by Dreambound Records. The full-length album, Me, was released on March 18, 2014, featuring 12 new songs. "A Woman's Rant" and "He's Messed Up" were released in 2014 as the second and third singles from the album, respectively, and Messina embarked on the Me Tour in support of the album in October 2014.

Messina has been performing new self-penned songs "Will You Love Me" and "Masquerade" at shows since 2015. While Messina anticipated that they would be a part of a new EP, entitled Masquerade, she has since reassessed the direction of her music and is continuing to write new material, mostly faith-based in an effort to share God's word, for an eventual project.

In April 2018, Messina appeared on Huckabee on Trinity Broadcasting Network, to debut her new song, written by Messina with producer Seth Mosley, "Bigger Than This". The song caught the attention of the country music and Christian music industries, giving Messina the opportunity to bring new tracks to existing fans, while also introducing herself into an entirely new space. To follow up her faith-based, original song, Messina released her own version of Cory Asbury's award-winning "Reckless Love" to country and Christian radio.

Personal life
Messina became involved with the Special Olympics after stumbling across an event while jogging. She has become an ambassador and performs at Special Olympics events to increase attendance.

In 2004, Messina was engaged to road manager Don Muzquiz, but then broke off the engagement. However, the two remained in a business relationship. On June 22, 2007, Messina announced her engagement to businessman Chris Deffenbaugh from New Mexico. They were married in Nashville in late 2007.

A son was born January 2009. In January 2012, they welcomed another son.

On September 6, 2017, Jo Dee Messina's team revealed she had been diagnosed with an unspecified cancer. All 2017 tour dates after October 7 were postponed as she underwent treatments in the fall. She resumed touring in March 2018 and continues to add tour dates to her website regularly. She successfully recovered from the cancer diagnosis and resumed touring in 2022.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * 1996: Jo Dee Messina
 * 1998: I'm Alright
 * 2000: Burn
 * 2005: Delicious Surprise
 * 2014: Me

 * EPs & Other albums
 * 2002: A Joyful Noise
 * 2003: Greatest Hits
 * 2010: Unmistakable: Love
 * 2010: Unmistakable: Drive
 * 2010: Unmistakable: Inspiration

 * Singles
 * 2016: Noel
 * 2018: Bigger Than This
 * 2018: Reckless Love

Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Messina has been nominated twice.

Other awards
In addition to her two Grammy Award nominations, Messina has also won an Academy of Country Music Award, a Billboard Magazine Award, three Boston Music Awards, and a Country Music Association Award.

 * rowspan=3| 1998
 * Academy of Country Music Awards
 * Top New Female Vocalist
 * Won
 * rowspan=2| Country Music Association Awards
 * Horizon Award
 * Music Video of the Year - "Bye, Bye"
 * rowspan="5"|1999
 * Billboard Magazine
 * Most Played Country Female Artist of the Year
 * Won
 * Billboard Magazine
 * Outstanding Country Act
 * Won
 * Billboard Magazine
 * Outstanding Female Vocalist
 * Won
 * rowspan=4| Country Music Association Awards
 * Horizon Award
 * Won
 * rowspan=2| Female Vocalist of the Year
 * 2000
 * 2002
 * Vocal Event of the Year - "Bring On the Rain"
 * 2023
 * Academy of Country Music Awards
 * Musical Event of the Year - "She Had Me at Heads Carolina"
 * 2023
 * Country Music Association Awards
 * Musical Event of the Year - "She Had Me at Heads Carolina"
 * rowspan=2| Female Vocalist of the Year
 * 2000
 * 2002
 * Vocal Event of the Year - "Bring On the Rain"
 * 2023
 * Academy of Country Music Awards
 * Musical Event of the Year - "She Had Me at Heads Carolina"
 * 2023
 * Country Music Association Awards
 * Musical Event of the Year - "She Had Me at Heads Carolina"
 * 2023
 * Academy of Country Music Awards
 * Musical Event of the Year - "She Had Me at Heads Carolina"
 * 2023
 * Country Music Association Awards
 * Musical Event of the Year - "She Had Me at Heads Carolina"
 * Country Music Association Awards
 * Musical Event of the Year - "She Had Me at Heads Carolina"

title: Jo Dee Messina


text:
User talk:Mrbrak2

I have blocked this account because I believe you are impersonating User:Mrbrak.

There are strict, limited criteria for speedy deletion of an article (Criteria for speedy deletion) and the article Julie Simone doesn't meet those criteria.

Therefore, if you wish to propose this article for deletion, you should pick a different account name, and use Votes for deletion. See the detailed instructions at the bottom of that page. If you use the Votes for deletion mechanism, there would be a vote to decide whether the article should be removed. -- 01:48, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mrbrak2


text:
User:AaronSw/phenomic

 * chinaman
 * A scientific belief or claim made without evidence but still popular because it supports some social purpose.

 * Robert totally debunked that chinaman in the latest issue of Zeptic.

 * from the first paragraph of Noam Chomsky's The Case Against B. F. Skinner

 * turnspeak
 * When X is beating up Y, complaining about how Y lifted a finger and scratched X.

 * Focusing on the damage caused by protesters is pure turnspeak!

 * from From Time Immemorial, ironically enough

 * UFOporn
 * A story written by a supporter of something in which he manages to convince a skeptic.

 * David Horowitz's latest bit of UFOporn, in which leftist academics confess their true totalitarian nature, is now up at Salon.com.

 * from Chris Mooney, Bad Science, Bad Fiction:

 * Let's face it: Such writing is pure porn for global warming deniers, in much the same way that fictional accounts of UFO abduction skeptics converting into true believers titillate UFO fans.

 * wealthsex
 * A standard of comparison with no basis in fact.

 * Some dismiss the DSM-IV as simply wealthsex, not entirely unreasonably.

 * from Oleanna:

 * JOHN: When I was young somebody told me, are you ready, the rich copulate less often than the poor. But when they do, they take more of their clothes off. Years. Years, mind you, I would compare experiences of my own with this dictum, saying, aha, this fits the norm, or, ah, this is a variation from it. What did it mean? Nothing.  It was some jerk thing, some school kid told me that took up room inside my head.

 * pun sluts

 * The people who sit in back rooms thinking up oh-so-clever titles for articles and things like "Barristas of the World Unite" and "One Nation Over Gravel".

 * (upon seeing an article) Aargh, stupid pun sluts!

 * intellectual fecklessness [looking for a better word]

 * Only caring about how an idea feels in one's mind, how clever it is, and not about how it conforms to reality.

 * Well, Bob is a wonderful writer, but his problem is that he's intellectually feckless.

 * from Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities:

 * It may be that we have become so feckless as a people that we no longer care how things do work, but only what kind of quick, easy outer impression they give. If so, there is little hope for our cities or probably for much else in our society. But I do not think this is so. (7f)

title: User:AaronSw/phenomic


text: User talk:69.195.36.86

title: User talk:69.195.36.86


text:
Talk:Ebisu, Shibuya

Old merge
Don't merge with Tokyo --- that article's already too long, and cannot accommodate all the neighborhoods. If it's necessary to merge it with anything, Shibuya would be a better candidate. Fg2 01:51, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * also object to merging with toyko. too small of a neighborhood to warrant its own section in the tokyo article, however, too large of a neighborhood to not have.  suggest Stub.

 * if no one objects to the removal from merging, i propose the removal of the notice 69.227.162.53 04:27, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ebisu, Shibuya


text:
Popotla metro station

Popotla is a station on Line 2 of the Mexico City Metro system. It is located in the Colonia Popotla neighborhood of the Miguel Hidalgo borough of Mexico City, northwest of the city center, on the Calzada México-Tacuba. In 2019 the station had an average ridership of 10,000 passengers per day, making it the least used station on Line 2.

Name and pictogram
The name of the station comes from the neighborhood it serves: Popotla. The logo depicts an ahuehuete tree, referring to the Árbol de la Noche Triste – the "tree of the sad night" – where Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés stopped his retreat from Tenochtitlán and cried after being defeated by Cuitláhuac in the Battle of Noche Triste. The actual tree survived until the 20th century, when it was destroyed by a fire. There is a commemorative plaque on the site where the tree used to be.

General information
The station was opened on 14 September 1970 as part of the second stretch of Line 2, from Pino Suárez to Tacuba. Metro Popotla serves the neighborhood of the same name.

From 23 April to 24 June 2020, the station was temporarily closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.

Nearby

 * Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, university of the Mexican Army and the Air Force

Entrances

 * North: Calzada México-Tacuba and Callejón de la Zanja, Popotla
 * North: Calzada México-Tacuba and Colegio Militar street, Popotla

title: Popotla metro station


text:
Argon–argon dating

Argon–argon (or 40Ar/39Ar) dating is a radiometric dating method invented to supersede potassium–argon (K/Ar) dating in accuracy. The older method required splitting samples into two for separate potassium and argon measurements, while the newer method requires only one rock fragment or mineral grain and uses a single measurement of argon isotopes. 40Ar/39Ar dating relies on neutron irradiation from a nuclear reactor to convert a stable form of potassium (39K) into the radioactive 39Ar. As long as a standard of known age is co-irradiated with unknown samples, it is possible to use a single measurement of argon isotopes to calculate the 40K/40Ar* ratio, and thus to calculate the age of the unknown sample. 40Ar* refers to the radiogenic 40Ar, i.e. the 40Ar produced from radioactive decay of 40K. 40Ar* does not include atmospheric argon adsorbed to the surface or inherited through diffusion and its calculated value is derived from measuring the 36Ar (which is assumed to be of atmospheric origin) and assuming that 40Ar is found in a constant ratio to 36Ar in atmospheric gases.

Method
The sample is generally crushed and single crystals of a mineral or fragments of rock are hand-selected for analysis. These are then irradiated to produce 39Ar from 39K via the (n-p) reaction 39K(n,p)39Ar. The sample is then degassed in a high-vacuum mass spectrometer via a laser or resistance furnace. Heating causes the crystal structure of the mineral (or minerals) to degrade, and, as the sample melts, trapped gases are released. The gas may include atmospheric gases, such as carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, and radiogenic gases like argon and helium, generated from regular radioactive decay over geologic time. The abundance of 40Ar* increases with the age of the sample, though the rate of increase decays exponentially with the half-life of 40K, which is 1.248 billion years.

Age equation
The age of a sample is given by the age equation:
 * $$t=\frac{1}{\lambda} \ln (J \times R+1)$$

where λ is the radioactive decay constant of 40K (approximately 5.5 x 10−10 year−1, corresponding to a half-life of approximately 1.25 billion years), J is the J-factor (parameter associated with the irradiation process), and R is the 40Ar*/39Ar ratio. The J factor relates to the fluence of the neutron bombardment during the irradiation process; a denser flow of neutron particles will convert more atoms of 39K to 39Ar than a less dense one.

Relative dating only
The 40Ar/39Ar method only measures relative dates. In order for an age to be calculated by the 40Ar/39Ar technique, the J parameter must be determined by irradiating the unknown sample along with a sample of known age for a standard. Because this (primary) standard ultimately cannot be determined by 40Ar/39Ar, it must be first determined by another dating method. The method most commonly used to date the primary standard is the conventional K/Ar technique. An alternative method of calibrating the used standard is astronomical tuning (also known as orbital tuning), which arrives at a slightly different age.

Applications
The primary use for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology is dating metamorphic and igneous minerals. 40Ar/39Ar is unlikely to provide the age of intrusions of granite as the age typically reflects the time when a mineral cooled through its closure temperature. However, in a metamorphic rock that has not exceeded its closure temperature the age likely dates the crystallization of the mineral. Dating of movement on fault systems is also possible with the 40Ar/39Ar method. Different minerals have different closure temperatures; biotite is ~300°C, muscovite is about 400°C and hornblende has a closure temperature of ~550°C. Thus, a granite containing all three minerals will record three different "ages" of emplacement as it cools down through these closure temperatures. Thus, although a crystallization age is not recorded, the information is still useful in constructing the thermal history of the rock.

Dating minerals may provide age information on a rock, but assumptions must be made. Minerals usually only record the last time they cooled down below the closure temperature, and this may not represent all of the events which the rock has undergone, and may not match the age of intrusion. Thus, discretion and interpretation of age dating is essential. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology assumes that a rock retains all of its 40Ar after cooling past the closing temperature and that this was properly sampled during analysis.

This technique allows the errors involved in K-Ar dating to be checked. Argon–argon dating has the advantage of not requiring determinations of potassium. Modern methods of analysis allow individual regions of crystals to be investigated. This method is important as it allows crystals forming and cooling during different events to be identified.

Recalibration
One problem with argon-argon dating has been a slight discrepancy with other methods of dating. Work by Kuiper et al. reports that a correction of 0.65% is needed. Thus the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction (when the dinosaurs died out)—previously dated at 65.0 or 65.5 million years ago—is more accurately dated to 66.0-66.1 Ma.

title: Argon–argon dating


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anders Valen Mørland

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 01:49, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

Anders Valen Mørland
Not yet notable. Delete.-gadfium 01:55, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. JoaoRicardo 02:53, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Rje 03:22, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable vanity. --Deathphoenix 05:32, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Vanity. Inter 09:57, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Riemann–Lebesgue lemma

In mathematics, the Riemann–Lebesgue lemma, named after Bernhard Riemann and Henri Lebesgue, states that the Fourier transform or Laplace transform of an L1 function vanishes at infinity. It is of importance in harmonic analysis and asymptotic analysis.

Statement
Let $$f\in L^1(\R^n)$$ be an integrable function, i.e. $$f\colon\R^n \rightarrow \C$$ is a measurable function such that
 * $$\|f\|_{L^1} = \int_{\R^n} |f(x)| \mathrm{d}x < \infty, $$

and let $$\hat{f}$$ be the Fourier transform of $$f$$, i.e.
 * $$\hat{f}\colon\R^n \rightarrow \C, \ \xi\mapsto \int_{\R^n} f(x) \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i}x\cdot\xi}\mathrm{d}x.$$

Then $$\hat{f}$$ vanishes at infinity: $$|\hat{f}(\xi)| \to 0$$ as $$ |\xi| \to\infty $$.

Because the Fourier transform of an integrable function is continuous, the Fourier transform $$\hat{f}$$ is a continuous function vanishing at infinity. If $$C_0(\R^n)$$ denotes the vector space of continuous functions vanishing at infinity, the Riemann–Lebesgue lemma may be formulated as follows: The Fourier transformation maps $$L^1(\R^n)$$ to $$C_0(\R^n)$$.

Proof
We will focus on the one-dimensional case $$n=1$$, the proof in higher dimensions is similar. First, suppose that $$f$$ is continuous and compactly supported. For $$\xi \neq 0$$, the substitution $$\textstyle x\to x+\frac{\pi}{\xi}$$ leads to
 * $$\hat{f}(\xi) = \int_{\R} f(x) \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i}x\xi}\mathrm{d}x = \int_{\R} f\left(x+\frac{\pi}{\xi}\right) \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i}x\xi} \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i}\pi} \mathrm{d}x = -\int_{\R} f\left(x+\frac{\pi}{\xi}\right) \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i}x\xi} \mathrm{d}x $$.

This gives a second formula for $$\hat{f}(\xi)$$. Taking the mean of both formulas, we arrive at the following estimate:
 * $$|\hat{f}(\xi)|\le \frac{1}{2}\int_{\R} \left|f(x)-f\left(x+\frac{\pi}{\xi}\right)\right|\mathrm{d}x$$.

Because $$f$$ is continuous, $$\left|f(x)-f\left(x+\tfrac{\pi}{\xi}\right)\right|$$ converges to $$0$$ as $$|\xi| \to \infty$$ for all $$x \in \R$$. Thus, $$|\hat{f}(\xi)|$$ converges to 0 as $$|\xi| \to \infty$$ due to the dominated convergence theorem.

If $$f$$ is an arbitrary integrable function, it may be approximated in the $$L^1$$ norm by a compactly supported continuous function. For $$\varepsilon > 0$$, pick a compactly supported continuous function $$g$$ such that $$\|f-g\|_{L^1} \leq \varepsilon$$. Then
 * $$ \limsup_{\xi\rightarrow\pm\infty} |\hat{f}(\xi)| \leq \limsup_{\xi\to\pm\infty}  \left|\int (f(x)-g(x))\mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i}x\xi} \, \mathrm{d}x\right| + \limsup_{\xi\rightarrow\pm\infty}  \left|\int g(x)\mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i}x\xi} \, \mathrm{d}x\right| \leq \varepsilon + 0 = \varepsilon.$$

Because this holds for any $$\varepsilon > 0$$, it follows that $$|\hat{f}(\xi)| \to 0$$ as $$ |\xi| \to\infty $$.

Other versions
The Riemann–Lebesgue lemma holds in a variety of other situations.

 * If $$f \in L^1[0,\infty)$$, then the Riemann–Lebesgue lemma also holds for the Laplace transform of $$f$$, that is,
 * $$\int_0^\infty f(t) \mathrm{e}^{-tz} \mathrm{d}t \to 0$$
 * as $$|z| \to \infty$$ within the half-plane $$\mathrm{Re}(z) \geq 0$$.

 * A version holds for Fourier series as well: if $$f$$ is an integrable function on a bounded interval, then the Fourier coefficients $$\hat{f}_k $$ of $$f$$ tend to 0 as $$k \to \pm \infty $$. This follows by extending $$f$$ by zero outside the interval, and then applying the version of the Riemann–Lebesgue lemma on the entire real line.

 * However, the Riemann–Lebesgue lemma does not hold for arbitrary distributions. For example, the Dirac delta function distribution formally has a finite integral over the real line, but its Fourier transform is a constant and does not vanish at infinity.

Applications
The Riemann–Lebesgue lemma can be used to prove the validity of asymptotic approximations for integrals. Rigorous treatments of the method of steepest descent and the method of stationary phase, amongst others, are based on the Riemann–Lebesgue lemma.

title: Riemann–Lebesgue lemma


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Universe of Evil

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 01:49, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

Universe of Evil
A synopsis for an episode of the Hanna-Barbera cartoon SuperFriends. Not encyclopaedic in nature, nor is this--or any individual episode of the show--notable enough for its own seperate article. --b. Touch 01:56, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic. I would vote a merging to Superfriends if this episode was in someway more remarkable than all the others, which I don't think it is by seeing the Superfriends sites on dmoz. And this isn't an article, it's just a synopsis. JoaoRicardo 02:51, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete & merge. Mikkalai.
 * Merge anything useable to Superfriends, and add redirect. Megan1967 01:04, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Elizabeth C. Stanton-class transport

The Elizabeth C. Stanton class transport ship was a transport class of the United States Navy that originated just prior to the second World War. The class, which contained only four ships, is named for Elizabeth Cady Stanton. All of the vessels were named for important women in history, including: USS Elizabeth C. Stanton (AP-69); USS Florence Nightingale (AP-70); USS Mary Lyon (AP-71); and USS Anne Arundel (AP-76).

title: Elizabeth C. Stanton-class transport


text:
User:Dotshuai

Hey, my name's Shuai and I'm a computer addict.

My blog address is here: (www.ishuai.org)

I have a Creative Commons No-Devirs lisence on the site.

I don't post any pictures of me on the internet, and that is against my privacy policy (that is to be put on the internet). Even though I am some part of the internet, I DO NOT POST ANY PICTURES OF MYSELF ONLINE.

I do random articles, and edit random articles.

This page is a stub. It will be updated when dotshuai has the time to do it.

title: User:Dotshuai


text:
Coombs test

The direct and indirect Coombs tests, also known as antiglobulin test (AGT), are blood tests used in immunohematology. The direct Coombs test detects antibodies that are stuck to the surface of the red blood cells. Since these antibodies sometimes destroy red blood cells they can cause anemia; this test can help clarify the condition. The indirect Coombs test detects antibodies that are floating freely in the blood. These antibodies could act against certain red blood cells; the test can be carried out to diagnose reactions to a blood transfusion.

The direct Coombs test is used to test for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, a condition where the immune system breaks down red blood cells, leading to anemia. The direct Coombs test is used to detect antibodies or complement proteins attached to the surface of red blood cells. To perform the test, a blood sample is taken and the red blood cells are washed (removing the patient's plasma and unbound antibodies from the red blood cells) and then incubated with anti-human globulin ("Coombs reagent"). If the red cells then agglutinate, the test is positive, a visual indication that antibodies or complement proteins are bound to the surface of red blood cells and may be causing destruction of those cells.

The indirect Coombs test is used in prenatal testing of pregnant women and in testing prior to a blood transfusion. The test detects antibodies against foreign red blood cells. In this case, serum is extracted from a blood sample taken from the patient. The serum is incubated with foreign red blood cells of known antigenicity. Finally, anti-human globulin is added. If agglutination occurs, the indirect Coombs test is positive.

Mechanism
The two Coombs tests are based on anti-human antibodies binding to human antibodies, commonly IgG or IgM. These anti-human antibodies are produced by plasma cells of non-human animals after immunizing them with human plasma. Additionally, these anti-human antibodies will also bind to human antibodies that may be fixed onto antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). In the appropriate test tube conditions, this can lead to agglutination of RBCs and allowing for visualisation of the resulting clumps of RBCs. If clumping is seen, the Coombs test is positive; if not, the Coombs test is negative.

Common clinical uses of the Coombs test include the preparation of blood for transfusion in cross-matching, atypical antibodies in the blood plasma of pregnant women as part of antenatal care, and detection of antibodies for the diagnosis of immune-mediated hemolytic anemias.

Coombs tests are performed using RBCs or serum (direct or indirect, respectively) from venous whole blood samples which are taken from patients by venipuncture. The venous blood is taken to a laboratory (or blood bank), where trained scientific technical staff do the Coombs tests. The clinical significance of the result is assessed by the physician who requested the Coombs test, perhaps with assistance from a laboratory-based hematologist.

Direct Coombs test
The direct Coombs test, also referred to as the direct antiglobulin test (DAT), is used to detect if antibodies or complement system factors have bound to RBCs surface antigens. The DAT is not required for pre-transfusion testing but may be carried out by some laboratories. Before transfusion, an indirect Coombs test is often done.

Uses
The direct Coombs test is used clinically when immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (antibody-mediated destruction of RBCs) is suspected. A positive Coombs test indicates that an immune mechanism is attacking the patient's RBCs. This mechanism could be autoimmunity, alloimmunity or a drug-induced immune-mediated mechanism.

Examples of alloimmune hemolysis

 * Hemolytic disease of the newborn (also known as HDN or erythroblastosis fetalis)
 * Rh D hemolytic disease of the newborn (also known as Rh disease)
 * ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (the direct Coombs test may only be weakly positive)
 * Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn
 * Rh c hemolytic disease of the newborn
 * Rh E hemolytic disease of the newborn
 * Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kidd, Duffy, Lewis, MN, P and others)
 * Alloimmune hemolytic transfusion reactions

Examples of autoimmune hemolysis/immunohemolytic hemolysis

 * Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
 * Idiopathic
 * Systemic lupus erythematosus
 * Evans' syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and hemolytic antibodies)
 * Cold antibody immunohemolytic anemia
 * Idiopathic cold hemagglutinin syndrome
 * Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
 * Infectious mononucleosis
 * Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)

Drug-induced immune-mediated hemolysis

 * Methyldopa (IgG mediated type II hypersensitivity)
 * Penicillin (high dose)
 * Quinidine (IgM mediated activation of classical complement pathway and Membrane attack complex, MAC)

(A memory device to remember that the DAT tests the RBCs and is used to test infants for haemolytic disease of the newborn is: Rh Disease; R = RBCs, D = DAT.)

Laboratory
The patient's RBCs are washed (removing the patient's own serum) and then centrifuged with antihuman globulin (also known as Coombs reagent). If immunoglobulin or complement factors have been fixed on to the RBC surface in-vitro, the antihuman globulin will agglutinate the RBCs and the direct Coombs test will be positive. (A visual representation of a positive direct Coombs test is shown in the upper half of the schematic).

Indirect Coombs test
The indirect Coombs test, also referred to as the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), is used to detect in-vitro antibody-antigen reactions. It is used to detect very low concentrations of antibodies present in a patient's plasma/serum prior to a blood transfusion. In antenatal care, the IAT is used to screen pregnant women for antibodies that may cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. The IAT can also be used for compatibility testing, antibody identification, RBC phenotyping, and titration studies.

Blood transfusion preparation
The indirect Coombs test is used to screen for antibodies in the preparation of blood for blood transfusion. The donor's and recipient's blood must be ABO and Rh D compatible. Donor blood for transfusion is also screened for infections in separate processes. A blood sample from the recipient and a blood sample from every unit of donor blood are screened for antibodies with the indirect Coombs test. Each sample is incubated against a wide range of RBCs that together exhibit a full range of surface antigens (i.e. blood types). The indirect Coombs test is used to test a sample of the recipient's serum for antibodies against a sample of the blood donor's RBCs. This is sometimes called cross-matching blood.
 * Antibody screening
 * Cross matching

Antenatal antibody screening
The indirect Coombs test is used to screen pregnant women for IgG antibodies that are likely to pass through the placenta into the fetal blood and cause haemolytic disease of the newborn.

Laboratory method
The IAT is a two-stage test. (A cross match is shown visually in the lower half of the schematic as an example of an indirect Coombs test).

First stage
Nonpatient, washed red blood cells (RBCs) with known antigens are incubated with patient serum containing unknown antibody content. If the serum contains antibodies to antigens on the RBC surface, the antibodies will bind to the surface of the RBCs.

Second stage
The RBCs are washed three or four times with isotonic saline solution and then incubated with antihuman globulin. If antibodies have bound to RBC surface antigens in the first stage, RBCs will agglutinate when incubated with the antihuman globulin (also known Coombs reagent) in this stage, and the indirect Coombs test will be positive.

Titrations
By diluting a serum containing antibodies the quantity of the antibody in the serum can be gauged. This is done by performing serial dilutions of the serum and finding the maximum dilution of test serum that is able to produce agglutination of relevant RBCs.

Coombs reagent
Coombs reagent (also known as Coombs antiglobulin or antihuman globulin) is used in both the direct Coombs test and the indirect Coombs test. Coombs reagent is antihuman globulin. It is made by injecting human globulin into animals, which produce polyclonal antibodies specific for human immunoglobulins and human complement system factors. More specific Coombs reagents or monoclonal antibodies can be used.

Enhancement media
Both IgM and IgG antibodies bind strongly with their complementary antigens. IgG antibodies are most reactive at 37°C. IgM antibodies are easily detected in saline at room temperature as IgM antibodies are able to bridge between RBC's owing to their large size, efficiently creating what is seen as agglutination. IgG antibodies are smaller and require assistance to bridge well enough to form a visual agglutination reaction. Reagents used to enhance IgG detection are referred to as potentiators. RBCs have a net negative charge called zeta potential which causes them to have a natural repulsion for one another. Potentiators reduce the zeta potential of RBC membranes. Common potentiators include low ionic strength solution (LISS), albumin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and proteolytic enzymes.

History
The Coombs test was first described in 1945 by Cambridge immunologists Robin Coombs (after whom it is named), Arthur Mourant and Rob Race. Historically, it was done in test tubes. Today, it is commonly done using automated solid phase or gel technology.

title: Coombs test


text:
Liverpool Institute High School for Girls

Liverpool Institute High School for Girls, Blackburne Place, Liverpool, England, was a girls' grammar school that was established in 1844 and closed in 1984. It was situated off Hope St to the north-east of Liverpool Cathedral in the area close to the University of Liverpool and Catharine Street (A5039).

History
The school was made a Grade II listed building on 14 March 1975. It was based in Blackburne House that is now the Blackburne House Centre for Women.

By the 1970s it had around 350 girls, with 50 in the sixth form, being administered by the City of Liverpool Education Committee.

Closure
Once Liverpool City Council became Labour-controlled in 1983, having had no overall control from 1974 to 1983, it quickly introduced comprehensive schools in all but one of its grammar schools.

Notable former pupils

 * Edwina Currie, politician
 * Lis Howell, TV executive
 * Tina Malone, actress


text:
Margaret Kerry

Margaret Kerry (née Lynch; born May 11, 1929) is an American screen actress, dancer, voice artist, camera double, radio producer, director and host and media personality, best known for her work as a model for Walt Disney Pictures, where she served as the inspiration and pantomimed the Peter Pan character of Tinker Bell.

Early life

Born as Peggy Lynch, in Springfield, Illinois, she was adopted at three years old and moved to Los Angeles. Her first role was as a fairy in the 1935 film A Midsummer Night's Dream directed by Max Reinhardt. She worked under her real name as a dancer and actor in three of the Our Gang comedy shorts.

Kerry served as a camera double for Elizabeth Taylor in film National Velvet at MGM. She attracted the attention of Eddie Cantor, who cast her in the role of his teenage daughter in the film If You Knew Susie. Cantor thought Lynch needed a more theatrical-sounding name to be more noticeable as an actor, so she officially became Margaret Kerry. She graduated from high school with honors while working on the film and would later graduate cum laude from Los Angeles City College.

Television work/voice artistry
Kerry as a teenager played the role of "Sharon" in the first network sitcom, The Ruggles, on ABC-TV. The show's farewell episode at the end of its three-year run featured Sharon's wedding and honeymoon. Kerry also appeared in two episodes of The Andy Griffith Show, and in 1950 as 'Jane Carter' in The Squire episode of The Lone Ranger. A voiceover performer with twenty-one dialects and forty-eight character voices, Kerry provided voices on 52 episodes of the groundbreaking children's television show, Clutch Cargo, including characters "Paddlefoot" and "Spinner". She provided numerous voices and live-action lead-ins for The New Three Stooges and Space Angel animated series for Cambria Productions.

Work with Disney
Kerry answered an audition call during the planning stages of the animated feature film Peter Pan. The audition, supervised by animator Marc Davis, required her to pantomime the motions that would be used as live-action reference for the animation of Tinker Bell. As Tinker Bell was to be non verbal, her movements would be integral, and Davis sought a dancer that could help embody the character. Kerry won the part and spent six months at the Disney Studios on a mostly empty sound stage pantomiming the part. The studios provided props, notably a giant keyhole mounted on a stand as well as a pair of giant scissors, used in the scene where Tinker Bell became trapped in a jewelry box. Kerry also provided the voice and reference movements of the red-haired mermaid in the Neverland lagoon scene.

Radio
Kerry was a producer, writer and host of What's Up Weekly - Ministry Loves Company on KKLA-FM, Los Angeles, from 1992 and 2004, a Christian radio station. Also serving as the station's community services director, she headed an outreach program that connected to more than 200 non-profit service agencies. Kerry is a certified seminar leader by the American Seminar Leaders Association and co-author and facilitator of the FUNdamentals of Speaking Seminars. She continues to meet fans and attends many conventions, events and seminars throughout the country. As a supporter and contributor within the animation community, Kerry served as a board member of ASIFA-Hollywood for a number of years.

Books
Kerry published her autobiography in 2016 Tinker Bell Talks: Tales of a Pixie Dusted Life (ISBN 978-1533500755) with stories and anecdotes from her life and career, and featuring 180 photos and pieces of art. In 2019, Kerry self-published a booklet They All Look Alike To Me with short stories detailing her having prosopagnosia, also known as "face blindness".

Personal life
Kerry has been married 3 times. She was married to Dick Brown from 1951 to 1984 and John Wilcox from 1987 to his death in 1999. She reconnected after 70 years with former boyfriend, WWII veteran Robert Boeke, age 94. The two were married on Valentine's Day, February 14, 2020 in a ceremony at the Little Brown Church in the Valley in Studio City, California. Kerry suffers from prosopagnosia and has spoken and written about coping with it.

Awards and honors
On the occasion of her 90th birthday, Kerry was honored with certificates by Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti on behalf of the City of Los Angeles; the Los Angeles City Council; and the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors via 5th District Supervisor Kathryn Barger. Kerry also received a card from the First Lady of the United States, Melania Trump, who noted Kerry's life as "an important part of the American story and the history of Cinema and Entertainment." On February 15, 2020, Kerry was honored with the Disneyana Fan Club Legends award. On February 16, 2020, Kerry was presented with the Ward Kimball award by the board of Walt Disney's Carolwood Barn. In 2023, in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Walt Disney Company, Kerry's original Tinker Bell ballet slippers were put on display at the Walt Disney Family Museum in San Francisco, commemorating her portrayal of the fairy character.

title: Margaret Kerry


text:
Rosario Castellanos

Rosario Castellanos Figueroa (25 May 1925 – 7 August 1974) was a Mexican poet and author. She was one of Mexico's most important literary voices in the last century. Throughout her life, she wrote eloquently about issues of cultural and gender oppression, and her work has influenced Mexican feminist theory and cultural studies. Though she died young, she opened the door of Mexican literature to women, and left a legacy that still resonates today.

Life
Born in Mexico City, Castellanos was raised in Comitán near her family's ranch in the southern state of Chiapas. She was an introverted young girl, who took notice of the plight of the indigenous Maya who worked for her family. According to her own account, she felt estranged from her family after a soothsayer predicted that one of her mother's two children would die shortly, and her mother screamed out, "Not the boy!"

The family's fortunes changed suddenly when President Lázaro Cárdenas enacted a land reform and peasant emancipation policy that stripped the family of much of its land holdings. At fifteen, Castellanos and her parents moved to Mexico City. In 1948 both of her parents died in an accident, leaving her orphaned at 23 years of age.

Although she remained introverted, she joined a group of Mexican and Central American intellectuals, read extensively, and began to write. She studied philosophy and literature at UNAM (the National Autonomous University of Mexico), where she would later teach, and joined the National Indigenous Institute, writing scripts for puppet shows that were staged in impoverished regions to promote literacy. The Institute had been founded by President Cárdenas. She also wrote a weekly column for the newspaper Excélsior.

She married Ricardo Guerra Tejada, a professor of philosophy, in 1958. The birth in 1961 of their son Gabriel Guerra Castellanos (now a political scientist) was an important moment in Castellanos’ life; prior to his birth, she suffered from depression after several miscarriages. However, she and Guerra divorced after thirteen years of marriage, Guerra having been unfaithful to Castellanos. Her own personal life was marked by her difficult marriage and continuous depression, but she dedicated a large part of her work and energy to defending women's rights, for which she is remembered as a symbol of Latin American feminism.

In addition to her literary work, Castellanos held several government posts. In recognition for her contribution to Mexican literature, Castellanos was appointed ambassador to Israel in 1971.

On 7 August 1974, Castellanos died in Tel Aviv from an electrical accident. Some have speculated that the accident was in fact suicide. Mexican writer Martha Cerda, for example, wrote to journalist Lucina Kathmann, "I believe she committed suicide, though she already felt she was dead for some time." There is no evidence to support such a claim, however.

Work and influences
Throughout her career, Castellanos wrote poetry, essays, one major play, and three novels: the semi-autobiographical Balún-Canán (translated into English as The Nine Guardians), Oficio de tinieblas (translated into English as The Book of Lamentations), and Rito de iniciación. Oficio de tinieblas depicts a Tzotzil indigenous uprising in Chiapas, based on one that had occurred in the 19th century. Rito de iniciación is a bildungsroman about a young woman who discovers her vocation of a writer. Despite being a ladino – of mestizo, not indigenous descent – Castellanos in her works shows considerable concern and understanding for the plight of indigenous peoples.

"Cartas a Ricardo," a collection of Castellanos's letters to her husband, Ricardo Guerra, was published after her death, as was her third novel, Rito de iniciación. In "Cartas a Ricardo" there are some 28 letters Castellanos wrote from Spain (1950–51) where she travelled with her friend, the poet Dolores Castro.

Ciudad Real is a collection of short stories published in 1960. Castellanos’ main focus in these short stories are the differences between distinct groups, namely, the whites and the indigenous people, but she also addresses the differences between men and women. Communication is an important theme in Castellanos’ work, and Ciudad Real shows the tension between the native people of Chiapas, Mexico and the whites, who cannot communicate with each other and subsequently mistrust each other because they do not speak the same language. These are recurring themes in this collection, along with themes of lonely and marginalized people. However, the last story of the novel is somewhat different than the rest. In this story the main character, named Arthur, knows both Spanish and the indigenous language and is therefore able to break down the barriers that stand between the two different groups throughout the novel. At the end, Arthur makes a connection with nature (something that is rare in Castellanos’ work) and finds peace with himself and with the world. It is the only story within the novel with a “happy ending”.

Castellanos admired writers such as Gabriela Mistral, Emily Dickinson, Simone de Beauvoir, Virginia Woolf, and Simone Weil. Castellanos' poem, "Valium 10," is in the confessional mode, and is a great feminist poem comparable to Sylvia Plath's "Daddy."

Awards and honours
In 1958, she received the Chiapas Award, for Balún Canán, and two years after the Xavier Villaurrutia Award, for Ciudad Real. Among other subsequent awards, the Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Award (1962), the Carlos Trouyet Award of Letters (1967), and the Elías Sourasky Award of Letters (1972).

In addition, several public places bear her name:

 * A park and a public library are named after her, both in the A park in Mexico City, located in the borough (Delegación) Cuajimalpa de Morelos in Mexico City.
 * The library of the Center for Research and Gender Studies, of the UNAM.
 * One of the gardens of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, of the UNAM.
 * The headquarters of the Economic Culture Fund in Colonia Condesa, Mexico City, bears her name.

Selected bibliography

 * Balún-Canán Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1957; 2007, ISBN 9789681683030
 * Poemas (1953–1955), Colección Metáfora, 1957
 * Ciudad Real: Cuentos, 1960; Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, 2007, ISBN 9786071108654
 * Oficio de tinieblas 1962; 2013, Grupo Planeta – México, ISBN 978-607-07-1659-1
 * Álbum de familia (1971)
 * Poesía no eres tú; Obra poética: 1948–1971 1972; Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2004, ISBN 9789681671174
 * Mujer que sabe latín . . . 1973; Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2003, ISBN 9789681671167
 * El eterno femenino: Farsa 1973; Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2012, ISBN 9786071610829
 * Bella dama sin piedad y otros poemas, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1984, ISBN 9789681617332
 * Declaración de fe Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, 2012, ISBN 9786071119339
 * La muerte del tigre SEP, 198?
 * Cartas a Ricardo (1994)
 * Rito de iniciación 1996; 2012, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, ISBN 978-607-11-1935-3
 * Rito de iniciación 1996; 2012, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, ISBN 978-607-11-1935-3

English translations

 * The Nine Guardians: a Novel, Translator Irene Nicholson, Readers International, 1992, ISBN 9780930523909
 * (Oficio de tinieblas)
 * From this volume, the short story Cooking Lesson was also included in the anthology Sun, Stone, and Shadows.
 * City of Kings, Translated by Robert S. Rudder, Gloria Chacón de Arjona, Latin American Literary Review Press, 1993, ISBN 9780935480634,
 * The selected poems of Rosario Castellanos, translator Magda Bogin, Saint Paul, Minn.: Graywolf Press, 1988.

title: Rosario Castellanos


text:
Samuel Goudsmit

Samuel Abraham Goudsmit (July 11, 1902 – December 4, 1978) was a Dutch-American physicist famous for jointly proposing the concept of electron spin with George Eugene Uhlenbeck in 1925.

Life and career
Goudsmit was born in The Hague, Netherlands, of Dutch Jewish descent. He was the son of Isaac Goudsmit, a manufacturer of water-closets, and Marianne Goudsmit-Gompers, who ran a millinery shop. In 1943, his parents were deported to a concentration camp by the German occupiers of the Netherlands and were murdered there. Goudsmit studied physics at the University of Leiden under Paul Ehrenfest, where he obtained his PhD in 1927. After receiving his PhD, Goudsmit served as a professor at the University of Michigan between 1927 and 1946. In 1930 he co-authored a text with Linus Pauling titled The Structure of Line Spectra.

During World War II he worked at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. As scientific head of the Alsos Mission, he successfully reached a German group of nuclear physicists around Werner Heisenberg and Otto Hahn at Hechingen (then French zone) in advance of French physicist Yves Rocard, who had previously succeeded in recruiting German scientists to come to France. Alsos, part of the Manhattan Project, was designed to assess the progress of the Nazi atomic bomb project. In the book Alsos, published in 1947, Goudsmit concludes that the Germans did not get close to creating a weapon. He attributed this to the inability of science to function under a totalitarian state and to Nazi scientists' lack of understanding of how to engineer an atomic bomb. Both of these conclusions have been disputed by later historians (see Heisenberg) and contradicted by the fact that the totalitarian Soviet state produced the bomb shortly after the book's release. However that statement overlooks the actions of physicist Klaus Fuchs who sent "many intelligence reports directly from Los Alamos". Read the book American Prometheus (2006), pages 285–286 by authors Kai Bird & Martin Sherwin. After the war he was briefly a professor at Northwestern University, and from 1948 to 1970 was a senior scientist at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, chairing the Physics Department 1952–1960. He meanwhile became well known as editor-in-chief of the leading physics journal Physical Review, published by the American Physical Society. In July 1958 he started the journal Physical Review Letters, which offers short notes with attendant brief delays. On his retirement as editor in 1974, Goudsmit moved to the faculty of the University of Nevada, Reno, where he remained until his death four years later.

As a student in Leiden he also developed an interest in Ancient Egypt. He collected Egyptian antiquities and made a few scholarly contributions to Egyptology. His wife bequeathed the Samuel A. Goudsmit Collection of Egyptian Antiquities to the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. In 2017 it was announced that Dutch Egyptologist Nico Staring had identified an object from the collection with an object presumed lost from the Egyptian Museum of Berlin. The fragmentary stela must have been looted from the museum after its bombardment and had been sold to Goudsmit in 1945. It was returned to Berlin in April 2017.

Goudsmit became a corresponding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1939, though he resigned the next year. He was readmitted in 1950. He was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1947, the American Philosophical Society in 1952, American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1964.

Marriages and children
Goudsmit married Jaantje Logher, in 1927. Their daughter, Esther Marianne Goudsmit was born in 1933 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. In 1964 she earned a PhD in Zoology from the University of Michigan, and in 1972 became a Professor of Biology at Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan. She retired in 1995.

Samuel and Jaantje divorced in 1960, and in the same year Goudsmit married Irene Bejach. Like Goudsmit's parents, Irene's father, a German medical doctor and Berlin public health official, Curt Dietrich Bejach, had been murdered by the Nazis. He perished at the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Irene and her sister, Helga, left Germany for the United Kingdom as children shortly prior to the outbreak of World War II. They were evacuated as part of the Kindertransport programme, and lived for seven years in the Attenborough family home.

Archival collections

 * Samuel A. Goudsmit papers, 1921–1979, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
 * Digitized presence of the Samuel A. Goudsmit papers, 1921–1979, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
 * Esther Marianne Goudsmit papers, 1927–1981, Niels Bohr Library & Archives (includes correspondence from Samuel Goudsmit during and after his involvement with the Alsos Mission following World War II)

 * Esther M. Goudsmit papers, 1925–1999, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan

 * Archief van Sam Goudsmit, Special Collections of the University of Amsterdam

title: Samuel Goudsmit


text:
User:HedgeHog

 * Real name: Alexey Gaponik.
 * Contacts: E-mail: gaponik {at} tut {dot} by. ICQ#168759423
 * Langauages: English, Russian, Belorussian.

See my home page on russian Wikipedia for details.

title: User:HedgeHog


text:
Kamal-ol-molk

Mohammad Ghaffari (September 29, 1848 — August 18, 1940), better known as Kamal-ol-Molk ("Perfection of the Realm"; کمال‌المُلک), was an Iranian painter and part of the Ghaffari family in Kashan.

Biography
Mohammad Ghaffari, better known as Kamal-ol-Molk, born in Kashan in 1848, to a family with a strong artistic tradition, tracing their origins back to notable painters during the reign of Nader Shah. Kamal's uncle, Mirza Abolhassan Khan Ghaffari, known as Sanee-ol-Molk, a celebrated 19th-century painter, was notable for his watercolor portraiture. His father, Mirza Bozorg Ghaffari Kashani, was the founder of Iran's painting school and a famous artist as well. His brother, Abutorab Ghaffari, was also a distinguished painter of his time. Mohammad developed an interest in calligraphy and painting at a young age. In his childhood eagerness, he drew charcoal sketches on the walls of his room.

Upon completion of his primary education, Mohammad moved to Tehran. He may have studied painting for a time with Mirza Esma'il. To further his studies, he registered in Dar-ul-Funun School, a modern institute of higher learning in Persia, where he studied painting with Mozayyen-od-Doleh, a well-known painter who had visited Europe and studied Western art. He studied there for a period of three years. In his school days, the young Ghaffari was given the name Mirza Mohammad Kashi. During his education he began to attract public attention as a talented artist.

In his visits to Dar-ul-Funun, Naser al-Din Shah Qajar came to know Mohammad Ghaffari and invited him to the court. Mohammad further improved his technique, and Nasereddin Shah gave him the title "Kamal-ol-Molk" (Perfection on Land).

During the years he stayed at Nasereddin Shah Qajar's court, Kamal-ol-Molk created some of his most significant works. The paintings he did in this period, which lasted up until the assassination of Nasereddin Shah, were portraits of important people, landscapes, paintings of royal camps and hunting grounds, and various parts of royal palaces.

In this busiest period of Kamal-ol-Molk's artistic life, he created over 170 paintings. However, most of these paintings have either been destroyed or taken abroad. The works he created in this period indicate his desire to develop his oil painting technique. He advanced so much that he even acquired laws of perspective by himself and applied them to his works. His mastery in the delicate use of a brush was as well as bright and lively colors distinguished him from his contemporaries.

Visit to Europe
Following Naser al-Din Shah Qajar's death, Kamal-ol-Molk found it impossible to work under his son, Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar. Therefore, he set out for Europe in 1898, at the age of 47 to improve his art. Once there, he had discussions with distinguished European artists on style and technique, and copied some of Rembrandt's works, including "Self Portrait", "Jonah", and "Saint Matthew". Kamal-ol-Molk visited most of Europe's museums and closely studied the works of some well-known artists such as Raphael, Titian, and adapted and altered some of their works. He stayed in Europe for about four years. In 1902, he returned to Iran, after which he became court painter to five shahs.

Migration to Iraq
The increasing pressure on Kamal-ol-Molk, originating in Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar's court, left him no option but to leave his country for Iraq, in spite of all the affection he felt for Iran. The visits he made to the holy cities in Iraq inspired his work at this time. "Karbala-ye-Moalla Square", and "Baghdad Jewish Fortune Tellers" are two of his most magnificent works of this period.

With the advent of the Constitutional Movement, after a two-year stay in Iraq, Kamal-ol-Molk returned to Iran and joined the Constitutionalists because of the hatred he had developed towards Mazaffareddin Shah's government. Portraits like "Commander Asa'd Bakhtiari" and "Azad-ol-Molk" signify this period.

Kamal-ol-Molk Art School

The post-Constitutional Movement era of Persia brought about a new atmosphere for the artist. The Constitutionalists were cultured and appreciated art more than did their predecessors, thus respect for Kamal-ol-Molk and his works increased.

The master established Sanaye Mostazrafeh Art School, better known as Kamal-ol-Molk Art School, pursued his artistic career and steadied a new style in Iranian art. The School's goal was to find new talents, embrace them and educate them in the best possible way. Kamal-ol-Molk did not confine himself to painting. Rather, he introduced other arts and crafts such as carpet weaving, mosaic designing, and woodwork to his school in order to revive the dying fine arts. In addition to teaching art, through his kind behavior he also taught students love, morals and humanity. Many a time he stayed late at school, teaching. He even allotted a portion of his monthly payment to poor students.

Death
The tomb of Kamal-ol-Molk in Nishapur, Iran, in 1940. His mourners, especially family and closely related friends, marched his body next to the tomb of Sufi poet, Attar.

title: Kamal-ol-molk


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Derwent Center of Universe

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 01:48, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

Derwent Center of Universe
Cannot find in Google. Possible joke page. Delete.-gadfium 02:06, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I can't find evidence of this. JoaoRicardo 02:32, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable, possible original research. --Deathphoenix 05:37, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - fails Google test, possible hoax or vanity. Megan1967 01:06, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Even less notable than Derwent, Central Alberta (which is at least a real place). Denni ☯ 01:31, 2005 Feb 4 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Regression analysis

Misleading sidebar
The chart at the top of the "regression series" sidebar is not appropriate to include in any topic in which the form of regression being discussed is NOT that of the chart.

It's EXTREMELY confusing to find an unrelated chart, in the wikipedia position that normally displays a RELATED one.

Terminology
this may well be an issue with the field of statistics in general and not necessarily one specific to Wikipedia but here it goes.

I found circular confusion by navigating across hyperlinks on this article and related ones, which I think should be rectified. under "General linear regression" a definition is given, which I rather think should be the one of "multiple linear regression". indeed, if one follows the link to the in-depth article on linear regression, this is how "multiple linear regression" is defined, with the added remark that this term is distinct from multivariate linear regression following which one in fact lands on the general linear model article.

I would vote for changing that "General linear regression" paragraph title to "Multiple linear regression".

title: Talk:Regression analysis


text:
Copilco metro station

Copilco is a station along Line 3 on the Mexico City Metro. Located in the Coyoacán borough, in the south of Mexico City, on Avenida Enríquez Ureña (Eje 10 Sur). It is the penultimate station along the southern portion of Line 3.

General information
The station logo depicts an Olmec representation of a coiled water snake or dragon (symbols of the lightbug, which is also a personification of the God of Water). Copilco means "in the Royal Crown" in Nahuatl. The station opened on 30 August 1983.

Above the station's platforms is the mural El perfil del tiempo by Guillermo Ceniceros, depicting paintings and art from ancient pre-Hispanic cultures, works by famous artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, and Mexican art from José Guadalupe Posada, Diego Rivera and others. This station also has a cultural display.

Many of the passengers are students, headed for the nearby campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Metro Copilco is particularly close to the schools of medicine and dentistry. This station serves the Copilco Universidad, Romero de Terreros, Copilco el Alto and Pedregal de Santo Domingo neighborhoods, as well as several estates (closed groups of high-density residential buildings), such as Integración Latinoamericana and Copilco 300.

Nearby

 * School of Odontology, UNAM
 * School of Economics, UNAM
 * School of Chemistry, UNAM
 * School of Engineering, UNAM
 * Central Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)

Exits

 * Southeast: Cerro Tres Zapotes street and Eje 10 Sur Enríquez Ureña, Romero de Terreros
 * Southwest: Cerro Tlapacoya street and Eje 10 Sur Enríquez Ureña, Romero de Terreros
 * North: Eje 10 Sur Enríquez Ureña, Romero de Terreros

title: Copilco metro station


text:
Category:Neighborhoods of Tokyo

This category contains links to Tokyo's neighbourhoods.

pt:Categoria:Bairros de Tóquio sv:Kategori:Stadsdelar i Tokyo th:หมวดหมู่:ย่านในโตเกียว

title: Category:Neighborhoods of Tokyo


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mike Hancock (Canadian politician)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. -- AllyUnion (talk) 10:01, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Mike Hancock (Canadian politician)
Insufficiently notable. -- Curps 02:14, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, the fact that he was a mayor was mentioned only in passing in the middle of the original copyvio resumé/CV and I must have missed it, and Google on a common name like this didn't help. -- Curps 21:38, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong keep Mayor of a city of 90,000 people. That's notable for me. The article needs a lot of work though. --Lee Hunter 02:34, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong cleanup and keep.--Centauri 03:08, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a copy violation. I don't know if I made a faux pas by listing it for copyvio while it's on VfD, but I'm supposed to be bold. >_> I left the VfD message up as is, and replaced the content with the copyvio. The mayor does deserve an article, though. ?Mar·ka·ci: 2005-02-3 03:46 Z
 * Keep iff someone writes a non-copyvio article. The topic is worthwhile.  (Otherwise, delete, and let someone else have a go at the redlink.) --TenOfAllTrades 04:51, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * There's a nice fresh non-copyvio piece I just wrote sitting at Mike Hancock (Canadian politician)/Temp. Keep it? Samaritan 05:35, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep! mayors deserve their own articles! Especially mayors if large cities like Brantford. Earl Andrew 05:55, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep the new non-copyvio page -- James Teterenko (talk) 06:39, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep non-copyvio version. And remove copyvio from article history. Mgm|(talk) 10:11, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. James F. (talk) 12:35, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I've deleted the copyvio notice and moved Samaritan's temp page to the main article title. Oh, and my vote is keep; IMO, mayors pass the notability test. Bearcat 21:31, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Spinboy 04:42, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, putting "Mike Hancock mayor Brantford Ontario" into Google gives you several pages of legitimate hits. But I am not convinved this is the point.  I have made the point elsewhere that just serving as an elected official in some two-bit town (sorry, Brantford, I'm sure you are all lovely people -- but just 90,000 of you) cannot possibly entitle someone to an encyclopedic entry, or we will end up with millions (yes, millions) of them.  Look -- how many Indian towns are there with 90,000+ inhabitants and a mayor.  What about Indonesia, Brazil, or the USA?  If the time comes that Mr. Hancock achieves some fame or notoriety (e.g. he serves more terms than any other Canadian mayor, he bankrupts Brantford by siphoning off city funds into his car dealership, or whatever) then give him his entry.  But not just for being a mayor (and for only two years so far).  Delete  HowardB 06:39, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually no, you wouldn't wind up with millions of articles. If the planet had one million cities with more than 90,000 people the population of the earth would be 90 billion.--Lee Hunter 12:39, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, quite possibly. Note I said "elected officials".  People are putting in aldermen, councillors, etc.  Living, and dead.  So let's go back over the last 100 years or so -- many officials only serve one term -- say 4 years or so?  I don't what to get pedantic about this, but the point is, there will just be too many.  HowardB 13:59, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

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 * Keep iff the copyvio is fixed. --Neigel von Teighen 14:03, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)