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John Greyson

John Greyson (born March 13, 1960) is a Canadian director, writer, video artist, producer, and political activist, whose work frequently deals with queer characters and themes. He was part of a loosely affiliated group of filmmakers to emerge in the 1980s from Toronto known as the Toronto New Wave.

Greyson has won accolades and achieved critical success with his films—most notably Zero Patience (1993) and Lilies (1996). His outspoken persona, activism, and public image have also attracted international press and controversy.

Greyson is also a professor at York University's film school, where he teaches film and video theory, film production, and editing.

Early life
Greyson was born in Nelson, British Columbia, the son of Dorothy F. (née Auterson) and Richard I. Greyson. He was raised in London, Ontario, before moving to Toronto in 1978, where he became a writer for The Body Politic and other local arts and culture magazines, as well as a video and performance artist.

Career
He directed several short films, including The Perils of Pedagogy, Kipling Meets the Cowboy and Moscow Does Not Believe in Queers, before releasing his first feature film, Pissoir, in 1988. Pissoir is a response to the homophobic climate of the period and, particularly, to police entrapment of men in public washrooms (toilets) and parks and police raids on gay bathhouses.

Greyson's next film was The Making of Monsters, a short musical film produced during Greyson's residency at the Canadian Film Centre in 1991. The film deals with the 1985 murder by five adolescent males of Kenneth Zeller, a high school teacher and librarian, when he was allegedly cruising for sexual encounters in Toronto's High Park. The film is a fictional documentary about the making of a movie-of-the-week, entitled Monsters, in which the young murderers are depicted as psychopathic monsters, rather than normal teenage boys. The film features Marxist literary critic Georg Lukács as the producer of Monsters, with Bertolt Brecht (played by a catfish) as director. Greyson's film was pulled from distribution when the estate of Kurt Weill objected to its use of the tune of Mack the Knife. Greyson had originally received copyright permission to use the tune, but it was withdrawn, apparently because Weill's estate objected to the film's homosexual themes. Although copyright is no longer an issue, having lapsed in 2000, fifty years after Weill's death, the film has not yet been re-released by the Canadian Film Development Corporation.

Greyson is best known for the feature-length films Zero Patience and Lilies. His other films include Un©ut (1997), The Law of Enclosures (1999), and Proteus (2003). He has also directed for television, including episodes of Queer as Folk, Made in Canada, and Paradise Falls.

In 2003, Greyson and composer David Wall created Fig Trees, a video opera for gallery installation, about the struggles of South African AIDS activist Zackie Achmat. In 2009, a film version of Fig Trees was released. This film, a feature-length documentary opera, premiered at the Berlinale as part of its Panorama section, where it won the Teddy Award for Best Documentary.

In 2007, Greyson was the recipient of the Bell Award in Video Art. The award committee stated: "John Greyson is perhaps best known to a general public as a feature film director. He shoots his 'film' projects on video with trademark video post-production techniques, thus colonizing the space of cinema with the aesthetics of video. An incisive social and political critic, Mr. Greyson is in fact one of the leaders in the AIDS activist video movement, among others. Mr. Greyson has supported the practice in many ways and he influences many emerging artists."

In 2013, Greyson released Murder in Passing, a murder mystery series which aired as 30-second episodes on Pattison Outdoor Advertising's video screens in the Toronto Transit Commission subway system and as a web series.

In 2020, he released the short film Prurient as part of the Greetings from Isolation project. In 2021, his experimental short International Dawn Chorus Day had its world premiere at the Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Teddy Award for best LGBTQ-themed short film.

Zero Patience
Zero Patience is a 1993 musical film which challenged AIDS orthodoxy. Zero Patience is a response particularly to Randy Shilts' 1987 book And the Band Played On, which notoriously (and erroneously) traced the arrival of HIV/AIDS in North America to a single person, a Canadian airline attendant named Gaetan Dugas. Based on a single flawed epidemiological cluster study, the conclusions of Shilts' book were very problematic for the narrative of blame they created, suggesting both that particular individuals were at fault (for example, that Dugas willfully spread HIV, although he actually died before the virus was identified and the study in which he participated was one of several that allowed scientists to determine that HIV was sexually transmitted) and that monogamy and the 'normalization' of gay male sexual practices were the proper and adequate response (as opposed to a focus on safer sex practices).

Zero Patience features a gay ghost named Patient Zero who returns to Toronto to hook up with Sir Richard Francis Burton who, through an "unfortunate encounter with the fountain of youth" has lived to become the Chief Taxidermist at the Museum of Natural History. Burton is engaged in creating a "Hall of Contagion." When he loses his central exhibit, the Düsseldorf Plague Rat, he casts around for a replacement, lighting upon Patient Zero. In a comedy of errors, Zero and Burton come together, fall in love and attempt to figure out what to do about Burton's earlier attempts to defame Zero as a "sexual serial killer."

A number of sub-plots centre around specific criticisms of the social response to AIDS by politicians, doctors and pharmaceutical companies. There is a not entirely sympathetic ACT UP group engaged in a protest against the manufacturer of ZP0 (a reference to AZT), a teacher who is losing his sight to CMV and several scenes involving his students, and a number of scenes involving the animal and human inhabitants of the dioramas in the Hall of Contagion. Most of these feature lively and thought-provoking musical numbers, but none have drawn critical attention as much as the "Butthole Duet" in which Burton's and Zero's anuses sing about the social perception of anal sex and its relationship to the discourses circulating around AIDS in the 80s and early 90s. Widely misunderstood by film reviewers, the song refers to a number of academic responses to the popular perception of AIDS as a "gay disease" and the now discredited belief that the anus was more vulnerable to HIV than the vagina, particularly Leo Bersani's article "Is the Rectum a Grave?" Bersani thoroughly discredits the notion that anal sex is inherently diseased; Greyson takes this one step further to argue that an unreasonable bias against anal sex is linked to patriarchy.

The central scene in Zero Patience, however, is probably the scene in which Zero looks through a microscope at a slide of his own blood. What he sees is the subject of an Esther Williams-like song-and-dance number throughout which Zero converses with Miss HIV (Michael Callen). Both lyrically and in conversation, Miss HIV informs Zero that he was not the first, that he did not bring HIV/AIDS to North America, and that his participation in the infamous cluster study helped to prove that HIV is transmissible by sex and thus place an emphasis on safer sex that saved countless lives.

Lilies
In 1996, Greyson released his most famous film, Lilies, an adaptation of Michel Marc Bouchard's play Les feluettes, ou un drame romantique. The film screened at numerous festivals, including Sundance, and received critical acclaim; it was nominated for 14 awards Genie Awards at the 17th ceremony, winning four, including Best Picture. The film also won a number of other awards, including the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Film. Lilies' romanticism, lyrical story-telling and gorgeous cinematography all combined to make the film both more accessible to 'mainstream' audiences and more popular with critics than Greyson's more controversial and more intellectually demanding works, like Zero Patience.

Following the dual chronology of Bouchard's play, Greyson's film (for which Bouchard wrote the screenplay) moves between two time periods: the film's 'present' in 1952 and the events that took place in the town of Roberval, Quebec in 1912. The film begins with a visit by Bishop Bilodeau (Marcel Sabourin) to a prison chapel where he is supposed to hear the confession of convicted murderer Simon (Aubert Pallascio). Both men were at school together in 1912 when a fire supposedly set by Simon took the life of a third schoolmate, and Simon's lover, Vallier (Danny Gilmore). However, this apparently simple story become quickly more complicated when the prison chaplain (Ian D. Clark) and the prisoners lock Bilodeau into the confessional booth and proceed to stage the true story of Vallier's death before their captive's eyes.

Greyson's directorial style is very much in evidence in Lilies. The film moves freely between realist and magic realist modes, making witty use of deceptively simple cinematic techniques, such as the way in which the camera tracks the removal of the roof of the confessional booth, apparently contained within the prison building, only to reveal the blue skies of summer-time Roberval and the arrival of the hot air balloon and its Parisian balloonist, Lydie-Anne (Alexander Chapman), which precipitates the events that lead up to Vallier's death. The narrative involves Simon's difficulties in resolving his love for Vallier in the face of homophobic Roberval (his father beats him viciously when he hears that Simon (played as a younger man by Jason Cadieux) and Valliers have been seen kissing, even though they are acting out roles in the school play), a love further complicated by the young Bilodeau's (Matthew Ferguson) tortuously repressed desire for Simon and by the sophisticated attractions of Lydie-Anne, whose femininity allows Simon to dream of a safely heterosexual future.

While the narrative, involving as it does a religious school and schoolboy sexuality, clearly has echoes of Catholic child abuse scandals, the story deliberately involves telling a story reminiscent of Mount Cashel, choosing instead to focus on the intensity and romanticism of the young men's love for each other. The narrative is enhanced by the visual style of the film, particularly the choice to cast only men in all of the roles. Of course, this makes perfect sense, since—on one level—all of the historical characters are being 'played' by the 1952 prisoners. This doubling is further enhanced by the decision to allow the male actors playing women to wear female clothing, but making no attempt whatsoever at realistic drag, relying instead on stellar performances by actors Alexander Chapman as Lydie-Anne, Brent Carver as the Countess de Tilly (Vallier's mother) and Remy Girard as the Baroness.

Fig Trees
Fig Trees is a feature-length documentary opera about the struggles of AIDS activists Tim McCaskell of Toronto and Zackie Achmat of Cape Town, as they fight for access to treatment drugs. In 1999, South African AIDS activist Zackie Achmat went on a treatment strike, refusing to take his pills until they were widely available to all South Africans. This symbolic act became a cause celebre, helping build his group Treatment Action Campaign into a national movement - yet with each passing month, Zackie grew sicker.

The feature film Fig Trees (2009) has been the recipient of a number of awards, including the Teddy for Best Documentary at the Berlinale, and the Best Canadian Feature award at the Toronto Inside Out Film Festival.

Opposition to 2009 TIFF for highlighting of Tel Aviv
In September 2009, Greyson withdrew his short documentary, Covered, from the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) festival to protest the festival's inaugural City to City Spotlight on the city of Tel Aviv. In a letter to TIFF Greyson wrote that his protest "isn't against the film or filmmakers" chosen but against the City to City program, specifically, and "the smug business-as-usual aura it promotes." Greyson cited an August 2008 article in the Canadian Jewish News in which Israeli consul-general Amir Gissin stated that Israel would have a major presence at the TIFF as a culmination of his year-long Brand Israel campaign to re-engineer the country's image and that TIFF should not be a participant in such a PR exercise. Greyson also argued that "my protest isn't against the films of filmmakers you've chosen... [but] is against the Spotlight itself" and the failure of the festival to include Palestinian voices.

Greyson also wrote that he was protesting TIFF's decision "to pointedly ignore the international economic boycott campaign against Israel" and that "By ignoring this boycott, TIFF has emphatically taken sides – and in the process, forced every filmmaker and audience member who opposes the occupation to cross a type of picket line."

He cited Israel's Gaza War and the expansion of settlements as reasons for his withdrawal, accusing the festival of: "an ostrich-like indifference to the realities (cinematic and otherwise) of the region", and comparing the Spotlight on Tel Aviv to "celebrating Montgomery buses in 1963 ... Chilean wines in 1973 ... or South African fruit in 1991".

Greyson's stance and the proceeding Toronto Declaration immediately triggered international debate.

Criticism
Greyson's actions drew criticism from a number of sources. Cameron Bailey, one of the festival's co-directors, stated that "The City to City series was conceived and curated entirely independently. There was no pressure from any outside source. Contrary to rumours or mistaken media reports, this focus is a product only of TIFF's programming decisions. We value that independence and would never compromise it." Bailey also argued that "[Mr. Greyson] writes that his protest isn't against the films or filmmakers we have chosen, but against the spotlight itself. By that reasoning, no films programmed within this series would have met his approval, no matter what they contained." Canadian filmmaker Simcha Jacobovici argued that Greyson's letter was "full of lies" and says the festival "shouldn't be intimidated by this coalition of lies."

Columnist George Jonas, writing in the National Post, argued that Greyson was engaging in "mental gymnastics," and described Greyson's line of reasoning as follows: "Who, us, objecting to Israeli films? Perish the thought. We're only objecting to Israeli propaganda. Okay; what's Israeli propaganda? Well, the Israeli films we're objecting to." Jonas also asked rhetorically "What Israeli film wouldn't be Israeli propaganda for Greyson?" Jonas also argued "To hear [Greyson] object to "state-subsidized propaganda" is ironic, to say the least. As an activist-filmmaker, he has been a propagandist for the values of the ultra-liberal state and its shibboleths throughout his career."

Robert Lantos, a Canadian film producer, sharply criticized Greyson, stating that "the (Toronto) festival has been free from the pressure of those whose fascist agenda is to impose their views on others, stifle the voices they don't like and interfere with people's right to see whatever they wish and make up their own minds. Until now." He also suggested that Greyson is "an opportunist eagerly leaping on the 'Israel apartheid' bandwagon in order to garner more attention for his film than it would have ever received had it played at the festival."

Greyson later posted a response to Lantos that was published in Rabble.ca. Greyson stated that "From the start, our protest was against the Tel Aviv Spotlight frame, not the films – so we emphatically stressed that we weren't boycotting either the films or filmmakers, or calling on anyone else to pull their films." Greyson also criticized "the opportunism of TIFF, which seems increasingly eager to court dubious partnerships, such as the Israeli consulate's Brand Israel Campaign" and asked "the extent of Israeli sponsorship." He accused Lantos of "hiding behind...inflammatory buzzwords"

Patrick Goldstein, a film critic and columnist for the Los Angeles Times wrote that he thinks "it's especially unhealthy to ... accuse a festival of being a propaganda vehicle, as the Toronto protesters have, just because it is promoting another country's film culture. Even though I happen to agree with Greyson that the Israeli occupation and the spread of illegal settlements is a terrible thing – both for the Palestinians and, in the long run, for Israel – I can't imagine a less auspicious forum for belittling any country's artistic accomplishments than a film festival." He concluded: "Everyone has a right to disapprove of and even scathingly criticize a country's politics. But I don't see how Israel's artists and its film industry are any more complicit in its treatment of the Palestinians than, well, American artists were complicit in our government's use of torture against suspected terrorists. In his complaint to the festival, Greyson asked if 'an uncritical celebration of Tel Aviv right now' wasn't akin to 'celebrating Montgomery buses in 1963, California grapes in 1969, Chilean wines in 1973 ... or South African fruit in 1991?' My answer would be: no way. Wine and grapes and fruit are agricultural products. Films are a product too, for sure, but they are also expressions of art and intellectual ferment. And once you begin to close the door in any way on artistic freedom, even if it simply involves pressuring a film festival to shun a country whose politics you disagree with, you might discover someday that it's a lot easier to shut the door to a free exchange of ideas than it is to open it up again."

A number of Hollywood celebrities circulated a letter on September 15, 2009, protesting a petition calling for a boycott of the Toronto International Film Festival over a Tel Aviv-themed event. The letter, which appeared simultaneously in the Los Angeles Times and the Toronto Star was signed, among others, by Jerry Seinfeld, Sacha Baron Cohen, Natalie Portman, Jason Alexander, Lisa Kudrow, Lenny Kravitz, Patricia Heaton, Jacob Richler, Noah Richler, George F. Walker and Moses Znaimer. The letter said: "Anyone who has actually seen recent Israeli cinema, movies that are political and personal, comic and tragic, often critical, knows they are in no way a propaganda arm for any government policy. Blacklisting them only stifles the exchange of cultural knowledge that artists should be the first to defend and protect."

Support
A letter for support for Greyson, termed the Toronto Declaration, was signed by more than 50 people, including Israeli filmmaker Udi Aloni, director Ken Loach, musician David Byrne, actors Danny Glover and Jane Fonda, author Alice Walker and journalist Naomi Klein. The letter argues that:

"The emphasis on 'diversity' in City to City is empty given the absence of Palestinian filmmakers in the program. Furthermore, what this description does not say is that Tel Aviv is built on destroyed Palestinian villages, and that the city of Jaffa, Palestine’s main cultural hub until 1948, was annexed to Tel Aviv after the mass exiling of the Palestinian population. This program ignores the suffering of thousands of former residents and descendants of the Tel Aviv/Jaffa area who currently live in refugee camps in the Occupied Territories or who have been dispersed to other countries, including Canada. Looking at modern, sophisticated Tel Aviv without also considering the city’s past and the realities of Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza strip, would be like rhapsodizing about the beauty and elegant lifestyles in white-only Cape Town or Johannesburg during apartheid without acknowledging the corresponding black townships of Khayelitsha and Soweto."

Fonda would later reconsider her position and released a publicity statement on the matter. "I signed the letter without reading it carefully enough, without asking myself if some of the wording wouldn't exacerbate the situation rather than bring about constructive dialogue," Fonda wrote on the Huffington Post website. She added that the suffering of both sides should be articulated.

Journalist, author and activist Naomi Klein went on to write an op-ed piece in The Globe and Mail, clarifying the intention of the support of Greyson's stance articulated in the Toronto Declaration: "Contrary to the many misrepresentations, the letter is not calling for a boycott of the festival. It is a simple message of solidarity that says: We don't feel like partying with Israel this year." Greyson's act was termed "courageous" by Judy Rebick who argued that it "is a significant contribution to the Palestinian solidarity movement and the Boycott Divestment and Sanction strategy that it has adopted to shine a light on the inexcusable aggression of Israel against the Palestinian people." Palestinian director Annemarie Jacir, agreed with Greyson's stance and argued that the planned Tel Aviv spotlight will ignore Palestinian filmmakers who live in Tel Aviv and "even more importantly those who are indigenous to that specific area and whose families were exiled and ethnically cleansed from Jaffa/Tel Aviv."

Elle Flanders, a Toronto-based self-described filmmaker who grew up in Israel, also supported Greyson, stating that "We have been accused of politicizing culture but it has been the festival and the Israeli government that has done this." She also stated that the protest was "wildly misconstrued by opposing voices" and that "We in fact defend Israeli filmmakers' rights to screen along with the rest of the festival, rather than as representatives of their government."

Participation in Gaza Flotilla
In summer 2011, Greyson traveled to Greece to participate in the Freedom Flotilla II, specifically joining with the "Tahrir," the Canadian member of the Flotilla.

Arrest in Egypt
In summer 2013, Greyson traveled to Egypt, where he and Dr. Tarek Loubani, a 33-year-old emergency room doctor from London, Ontario, were detained without charges, in a cell with 38 other people. Reports indicate the two were on their way to Gaza to carry out medical relief work, but were forced to remain in Cairo as the crossing was closed. They remained in detention from August 16 to October 5, 2013.

Greyson's union, the York University Faculty Association, ran a campaign via LabourStart in an effort to force the Egyptian government to release him. Greyson and Loubani began a hunger strike on September 16 to protest their treatment.

The Canadian government announced on October 5 that Greyson and Loubani had been released, however they were unable to board a flight to Frankfurt due to remaining on a no-fly list issued by government prosecutors. On October 10, Greyson and Loubani were cleared for departure and left Egypt for home the next day.

Personal life
Greyson is openly gay. His partner is Canadian visual artist Stephen Andrews, who he has lived with since the 1990s. They have been referred to as a "power couple" in Canada's art scene. The Art Gallery of Ontario recently installed a retrospective of Andrews' work exploring AIDS, surveillance, war, memory and chaos theory.

Awards

 * The University of Toronto's Citizenship Award, for contribution to awareness and education around issues of sexual diversity

title: John Greyson


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Kallal

According to rabbinical sources, the kallal was a small stone urn kept in the Tabernacle and later in the Jewish temple in Jerusalem which contained the ashes of a red heifer. The Hebrew Bible does not mention any urn in the Numbers 19 account. Kallal is the Aramaic word for a stone vessel or pitcher. Alternatively, kallal is also used for large jars for washing.

Mishnah
The kalal is mentioned specifically in the Mishnah (Parah 3:3, Eduyot 7:5), Hebrew Rabbinic writings describe vessels hidden under the direction of Jeremiah seven years prior to the destruction of Solomon's Temple, because the dangers of Babylonian conquest were imminent. The vessels that were hidden included the Ark of the Covenant and the Tabernacle fittings, the stone tablets of Moses, the altar (with cherubim) for the daily and seasonal sacrifices, the menorah (candelabra), the kallal and numerous vessels of the priests.

Dead Sea Scrolls
Mainstream scholarship does not recognise any mention of the kallal vessels in the Dead Sea Scrolls. However Vendyl Jones of the Vendyl Jones Research Institute interpreted the Copper Scroll in the Archaeological Museum of Jordan to contain mention of sixty-four lost objects buried in the "Cave of the Column" mentioned in the Copper Scroll, including a kallal buried behind a pillar, which would be a reference to the kallal of ashes in the Mishnah. Jones died without finding such an urn, and his findings and readings of the Copper Scroll have not been accepted.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kallal


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Wikipedia:AMA Requests for Assistance/dnagod vs. jpgordon et al

I request a fair, ballanced, honest and reasonable person to help me out with a very serious issue of abuse by two administrators on the holocaust denial section. Holocaust denial is obviously a very controversial topic, but two administrators that I know of and maybe more are grossly abusing their privileges by deleting links that I keep adding to the section. The two admins that I know of that are abusing their privileges and not letting others contribute links are jpgordon and Jayjg. I have attempted to add the following links as external links to holocaust deniers web sites

and they keep deleting them. You can check the history, they are deleting these and deleting any contributions which are trying to bring fair and balanced section. I know this is a controversial subject, but these admins jpgordon and Jayjg (and possibly more) personal bias is ruining the wikipedia project. I ask for someone fair to stop this and remove their admin privileges.

-	* Historical Revisionism by Vrij Historisch Onderzoek -	* Air Photo Evidence of Holocaust Denial Allied Photos of Concentration Camps -	* American Engineer Friedrich Paul Berg Holocaust Denial with a focus on the problem of Diesel mass gassing claims -	* The Web site of Greg Raven Denail by the once co-editor of the Journal of Historical Review. -	* Campaign for Radical Truth in History By Michael Hoffmann II -	* Holocaust Denier Carlos W. Porter Holocaust Made in Russia -	* Fredrick Toben / Adelaide Institute Australian Holocaust Denial -	* The Hoax of the Twentieth Century By Dr. Arthur R. Butz

Thank you for being fair and not letting this slip through the cracks. dnagod

Dnagod 17:05, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I won't bother defending my actions -- I'll let others look at them and judge them as they see fit. However, people should know where Dnagod is coming from: [ http://www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?s=f196eb6b50e29bda0682179614b4e013&t=173563&page=4&pp=10 the Stormfront message board] shows him at his best, I'm pretty sure. And just to make it more obvious where this editor, who I am assuming is one and the same as "White Bamboo" on Stormfront, is coming from: if you can stomach downright disgusting paleonazi blathering, here's a very telling [ http://www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?p=1221851#post1221851 movie review]. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 00:26, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Dear Administrators and Arbitrators,

I find it sad in this day and age that people feel the need to throw around the nazi card, personal insults, childish attacks and to say things like, "don't let this person contribute to wikipedia because he is different or thinks different than me, this questionable person which I have branded with a foul word sees things different than me (therefore he is wrong and Im right) and the way I see things is mainstream, correct, unbiased and right, and the way he sees things is biased, wrong, fringe, extreme and unnacceptable by me". This kind of biased thinking and childish attacks doesnt get us anywhere, and by attacking the individual we digress and get distracted from the issue at hand which is relevance and neutrality. The real issue at hand is whether or not the links I have submitted are valid on holocaust denial are relevant and representative of the topic at hand. I believe that the links I provided fit well and accurately with the topic at hand, and I ask for administrators and arbitrators to consider in neutrality, and not consider personal attacks and childish insults directed at me.

I understand that topics involving religious and ethnic groups are sometimes sensitive and emotional issues which bring out the biases of individual, all one has to do is go to the topic Jewish Ethnocentrism to see who is emotionally biased towards judaism. I ask that the administrators and arbitrators look at this issue with an open mind grounded in neutrality, fairness, balance and with a vision that despite the sensitivity and emotional nature of certain topics that they always be neutral and encompass a reasonable spectrum of views. The issue specifically at hand is holocaust denial, a topic dealing with the Holocaust - a very sensitive issue which rarely gets fair and balanced coverage - it would be my highest dream to see this topic get balance on wikipedia. In several countries around the world open minded questioning or inquiring into the holocaust can get you sent to jail for up to 5 years, since there was a well concerted effort to get these dogmatic laws which most people would agree turn the alleged events of WWII into a kind of religious dogma and making open historical and scientific inquiry illegal.

I ask that we move forward as a people that believe that only through open inquiry, research and a fair review of all the scholarly research and facts available that the truth will emerge. I ask that we have a philosophy as a progressive people that there are no dogmas, there are no taboos and that with an open mind we make all the available scientific and scholarly research available that is important, relevant and pertinent. This is the vision of a truly progressive people. On a topic such as Holocaust Denial, its easy for personal biases and emotionalism to prevent neutrality, I ask that we strive to move beyond personal and childish insults - let intelligent people review the facts and research on their own, allowing people to draw their own conclusions based on all the material available and the critiquing of it.

It is not my desire to turn wikipedia.com into a directory as jpgordon and others who are biased towards judaism have or might claim. I ask that you watch and follow jpgordon closely especially since he has thrown digusting and foul language at me in his personal talk section. I ask that you review his personal talk section and follow him and his fellow travellers closely with a microscope, to see the kind of atrocious, disgusting, and foul language he has directed at me - along with the bias, censorship, erasing of links and content that has been occurring against me. I have made large contributions of links and things, to have them censored and removed my very jewish emotionally biased people.

I ask the administrators and artibrators to review the 8 web sites which I wish to add to the external link section of holocaust denial, as presenting the sites which bring forth a central thesis of an alternative view point that the holocaust should be examined with a critical scholarly and scientific eye in an open forum. I do not believe a dozen or even two dozen valuable links turns wikipedia into a directory, so I ask that fair minded and high level admin step in to closely monitor jpgordon as well as other people who clearly have an emotional attachment and bias in favor of judaism and preventing alternative view points which could be construed as crital of jews, israel and zionism. In fact all sensitive issues should be closely monitored by the admins, not just on judaism, but also on very sensitive topics regarding race and religion. Although by sheer numbers, force and posts alone you will find the greatest conflict surrounding topics involving judaism. Topics involving judaism and the people involved in posting in these topics should have a much higher level of scrutiny by all the admins due to the explosive war which errupts each day around these topics.

I thank you for your fair judgement in these regards and I also ask that wikipedia adopt a new policy of closely monitoring topics and issues regarding judaism, jews, israel, zionism, race, racism and other topics which are likely to bring to battle people of staunch bias, who use subtlety to ensure that what is put in the article maintain their own status quos, biases and emotional attachments. There is a disgusting level of vandalism, censorship, bias, insults, nazi cards, race cards and other things being thrown around in topics surrounding judaism. I ask for all admins to closely monitor these topics and the people who post in them with a microscope, magnifying glass and close daily monitoring so that wikipedia does not spiral into a race war and become a truly biased and unneutral place.

It is my sincerest desire to see wikipedia a fair, balance and neutral encyclopedia (one viewed that way by humanity), where a machinery and observation is put in place to ensure sensitive topics are neutral and present view points from wide array of view points - even if some are deemed insensitive. This can only happen when the Nazi Card, insults, white supremacy insults or the Race Card are fully banned, and that people who throw around the Nazi Card, racist labels or the Race Card are closely monitored with an electron microscope. It is absolutely essential that wikipedia ban the use of its members to throw around childish insults like nazi, white supremacist, racist, etc.. etc... Please consider this ban.

Most importantly many europeans world wide feel alienated as their view points are being censored or labelled as racist. Europeans and racial groups where ever they may live in the world, have the right to have their own group, race and people centered and "in-group" view points. Europeans where ever they live in the world, should have the right to post their own view points even if out-group people consider them white supremacist, ethnocentric or racist - it is clear that the Jewish-linked areas of this site are heavily biased towards jews and this is ok, as long as other view points are allowed to so there is balance and neutrality.

The goal must be neutrality though, and this will require that all races, peoples and creeds are equal under the lens. This is truly the greatest challenge that we build a color blind wikipedia - despite the great difficulty of this with such a vast entrenchment of pro-jewish forces on wikipedia preventing balance on the Jewish oriented topics.

Europeans should have the right to express view points which Jews may not like, even if they are insensitive or hurt the feelings of other groups like the pro-jewish factions of wikipedia. We at wikipedia have to get passed the racial obsession and consider all valid view points. Throwing terms around like white supremacist does not invalidate a persons idea, a large percentage of every race is focused in a manner where they favor their own race over others, this does not make their view point right, but it is a view point which must be considered. It is in considering all sides of the coin that we understand the true picture of humanity and it is in that picture that the view can make their own decision.

So I ask that we allow all view points and that insults, foul language, personal attacks, nazi and race cards, red herrings, racial epithets directed at other users be banned. I ask that we work towards preventing jewish biased people from censoring the jewish oriented areas from alternative view points.

Please allow these 8 relevant holocaust denial web sites to be added to the external links of the holocaust denial article.

Thanks you for your time and I pray for your neutrality in these regards.

Dnagod 13:49, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Or, as he says at my talk page,  It is clear that this wikipedia projects is deeply infected with immature children, censorship, childishness, jewish bias, jewish supremacists and lackeys of the jews. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 16:40, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * My Comments regarding their being a blantant, obvious and clear cabal of jewish supremacists on wikipedia.com might cause unneutral people to react, rather than investigate this claim. I make this statement not as an personal insult, but as a stated Fact about wikipedia when it specifically comes to Jewish oriented topics.

My only wish from the outcome of this arbitration is that there is a global wikipedia zooming in by the admins and arbitrators on topics which are jewish oriented or where jews might have a vested interest in preventing criticism, inquiry or open examination of jews, judaism, israel, zionism, jewish ethnocentrism and the holocaust. It is my highest hope that every admin and arbitrator on wikipedia will closely watch the people who edit and modify jewish oriented areas, looking closely at censorship efforts and perventing ideas which break away from the concept that Jews can do no wrong. I ask this to all those admins and arbitrators who are not distracted by the Nazi Card, The Race Card or red herring labels like white supremacist, racist and neo-nazi. I ask that the people who run wikipedia to put the microscopa, magnifying class and close scrutiny on pro-jewish members, jewish biased members and members who have a history of closely following and editing jewish oriented areas of wikipedia.

I have had numerous situations where slimvirgin, jpgordon and others that appear to be pro-jewish or jewish supremacists have deleted legitimate links of alternative view points on subjects and topics. In a sense jpgordon is abusing his admin privileges and I ask that those privileges be taken away, as they are deeply hurting wikipedias ability to be fair, balanced and neutral. I also ask that if his privileges are not taken away that he is closely watched regarding everything he does as well as his fellow travellers.

This is not just my opin., this is the opin of many people I have spoken with, including muslims, white people, leftists, progressives and civil rights advocates, that jewish supremacists, jewish biased individuals and yes, even lackeys of the jews are purposefully working together to prevent jewish oriented areas from having balance, neutrality, bias free, fair, reasonable, and broad spectrum of view points.

The individuals who should be closely monitored are the people who voted that Jewish Ethnocentrism should be deleted, JE is a legitimate topic and it is clear that this cabal is working at preventing people from being able to see how historically these people work together for their own selfish interest. There is nothing wrong with this, its just that this selfishness is destroying wikipedias neutrality, balance and fairness.

I ask that the admins dont react, but rather consider what I have said and closely monitor these people and topics, not just a few admins, but all admins and all arbitrators. This issue has to come to the forefront and can no longer be swept under the rug.

jpgordon has flung disgusting and childish insults at me with malice and hatred, and he is not worthy of having admin privileges, nor are his fellow travellers and other people who voted in favor of deleting Jewish Ethnocentrism. Lets make wikipedia the best in the world, but we cant sweep this issue under the rug, I ask that it is an issue that is finally addressed publically. If I am wrong, so be it, ill start my own wikipedia regardless of the time and effort required to recruit an army of builders and developers, the point is I want a place in this world where I can be free of jewish supremacism, jewish bias, jewish ethnocentric hatred of others, and most importantly, free of just BIAS in general. Lets work towards a bias free wikipedia for the good of the human race. for the good of every race, religion, creeed and sexual orientation.

Thanks you for your time and I pray for your neutrality in these regards.

Dnagod 17:26, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Gentlemen, this is absolutely not the place for arguments. Who the AMA assists, whether it be one or both of you, has no bearing outside the advocates themselves on the effects of your dispute. Arguments are for talk pages, mediators or the ArbCom. Wally 17:42, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Wally, I need specific, precise and detailed arbitration on one issue and one issue alone.

That issue is the 8 holocaust denial links which I added to the holocaust denial article.

The issue is that a large number of jewish biased members, specifically jpgordon and slimvirgin are preventing valid and relevant links from being placed in the holocaust denial section.

I am asking that the 8 links which I mentioned be allowed to remain as external links in the holocaust denial section of wikipedia. I ask for your specific rationality, balance and neutrality on this issue.

The issue is this, I added these 8 links to the external links section of holocaust denial and biased members are deleting them. I am requesting that these 8 links become a perminent part of the holocaust denial section of wikipedia.

-	* Historical Revisionism by Vrij Historisch Onderzoek -	* Air Photo Evidence of Holocaust Denial Allied Photos of Concentration Camps -	* American Engineer Friedrich Paul Berg Holocaust Denial with a focus on the problem of Diesel mass gassing claims -	* The Web site of Greg Raven Denail by the once co-editor of the Journal of Historical Review. -	* Campaign for Radical Truth in History By Michael Hoffmann II -	* Holocaust Denier Carlos W. Porter Holocaust Made in Russia -	* Fredrick Toben / Adelaide Institute Australian Holocaust Denial -	* The Hoax of the Twentieth Century By Dr. Arthur R. Butz

Please zoom in and focus on these links, as I ask arbitration to confirm that these links are valid contributions to the section and that the individuals who keep deleting them, as well as on other areas of wikipedia regarding jewish issues should lose their admin privileges.

again thanks for your hopeful neutrality

Dnagod 22:13, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Nick in the Afternoon

Nick in the Afternoon was a programming block on Nickelodeon that aired from 1994 to 1998 on weekday afternoons during the summer. It was hosted by Stick Stickly, a Mr. Bill-like popsicle stick puppeteered by Rick Lyon and voiced by New Yorker Paul Christie (who would later voice Noggin mascot, Moose A. Moose until 2012). The 1998 stint ran from July until August. Henry and June's Summer replaced this Nickelodeon summer block a year later. Stick Stickly was later revived for the TeenNick 1990s' block The '90s Are All That.

Regular segments
During its first summer, the programming consisted of normal Nickelodeon shows that would have aired regardless, but come its second summer, Nick in the Afternoon made some key changes. Instead, it showed preselected Nicktoons with added segments such as "U-Pick" (viewers pick what show and episode they want to see) and U-Dip (viewers pick which substance Stick Stickly is dipped in or any substance at all using their bare feet). Viewers occasionally chose a program that had not been aired on Nick in many years, for example You Can't Do That on Television, or from time to time would select a Nick at Nite program such as I Love Lucy, The Munsters, or The Brady Bunch. The preselected segments were indicated by a dial using Stickly as the spinner, so as to keep the cartoons a surprise.

Stick Stickly's address
When giving viewers the address at which they could write him, Stick Stickly would sing a little (and easily memorized) jingle: "Write to me/Stick Stickly/PO Box 963/New York City/New York State/10108." After the Internet became mainstream, a note stating "...or e-mail me at nick.com" was added to the end.

Stick Stickly on The '90s Are All That
Stick Stickly segments from the block have been used in promotions for The '90s Are All That, and on September 6, 2011, during The '90s Are All That block, a commercial announced that Stick Stickly would be returning to television on Friday October 7, 2011 at midnight. The character has been updated for modern times, with a vocabulary that not only makes frequent reference to modern amenities such as Facebook, flat screen TVs and Jersey Shore, but also has been updated with a more adult sense of humor to reflect the older late-night audience. Stickly hosts "U-Pick with Stick" each Friday, where users on The '90s Are All That website can request up to four shows to be seen. The winning "pick," which is decided by an online vote (another sign of modern times), is announced by Stick Stickly. Stickly is also taking questions by use of a Twitter hash tag, #POBox963, a reference to his old 1990s era jingle from Nick in the Afternoon.

It was later announced in December 2011 that U-Dip would also make a return, joining a long list of objects dropped on New Year's Eve at midnight.

Stick Stickly made an on-air appearance on The '90s Are All That from August 5–8, 2013, in which he hosted the "'90s Game Show Week" on the block, and returned to doing U-Picks in June 2015 as part of "Stick's Summer Down Adventures" which aired on Wednesday nights from June 17–July 15, 2015 (the last week being Stick's Picks). This was the result of the re-branding of '90s Are All That with The Splat.

title: Nick in the Afternoon


text:
Talk:Jack Sheppard

Etymology
Is he who the word a jacking, carjacking, hijacking etc. are named after? Please someone add this information if you can verify this. 12:00 20 January 20, 2008 (UTC)

older entries
Film=As far as I can tell, there is no movie called Jack Sheppard and Jonathan Wild, much less one starring Harvey Keitel and Tobey Maguire. Although it sounds like a pretty good idea. It's not on IMDB anyway.

Jack Sheppard blows! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.102.56.253 (talk) 11:11, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I removed the reference. IMDb did not have any directors by that name, and the Wikipedia link led to an American Football player. Jon Harald Søby \ no na 19:17, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

In May 2000 the British film production company FilmFour (owned by Channel 4) published the following news item: "FilmFour bolstered its Cannes slate by confirming that Tobey Maguire and Harvey Keitel are attached to play lead roles in Ben Ross' JACK SHEPPARD AND JONATHAN WILD. The film is to be produced by Robert Jones (THE USUAL SUSPECTS) for the Jones Co. from a screenplay by Ross and John Preston." (ifmagazine.com, May 3, 2000) Among others you could find this news on tobeyonline.com (May 10, 2000), variety.com (May 18, 2000) and Visual Imagination, Film Review (August 2000). Something went wrong, obviously, but the film project did really exist. The director and screenwriter Benjamin Ross (born in 1964 in London) would smile at your conjecture, Jon Harald Søby, that "IMDb did not have any directors by that name" although "the Wikipedia link led to an American Football player" indeed. --Bogart99 16:57, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I understand. When IMDb covers Norwegian LotR fan movies, one'd think it would have a note or something about this. However, the article should state that the movie was never made, as it obviously wasn't. Jon Harald Søby 20:56, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Strange rural Viking example for American ears, I presume. Lost in a Norwegian Wood. ;-) --Bogart99 07:57, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Please don't link John Preston to the eponymous WP-article. The Sunday Telegraph television critic and arts editor who is an occasional screenwriter has nothing to do with his namesake John Preston, a homosexual erotica author who died of AIDS in 1994. --Bogart99 08:32, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Note that "Jack Sheppard and Jonathan Wild" was a play. This may explain some of the mystery.  The play was popular enough that, when I was writing Jonathan Wild, I couldn't find any web references to Sheppard that didn't lead to it.  Thus, I can certainly believe that it was a planned film and that it will be a film in the future.  Let's face it: the story is simply too, too, too good, especially as there is another quality not mentioned in the article here that was essential for the romance of the day:  Jack Sheppard was very good looking.  All the contemporary accounts emphasize that he was a lady's man, that he was never violent, and that he was polite ("Gentleman Jack") with a good fashion sense.  He was, in some ways, the prototype of the high fashion jewel thief of contemporary film, except that he was a cockney, and hence a hero to the working classes.  You'd have to imagine Michael Caine from Alfie robbing houses.  Geogre 18:04, 26 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Indeed, Geogre, the historic material had been dramatized three times in the first half of the 19th century. William Thomas Moncrieff (1794-1857) wrote the melodrama "Jack Sheppard, The Housebreaker or London in 1724" in 1825. John Baldwin Buckstone (1802-1879) dramatized the novel "Jack Sheppard" by William Harrison Ainsworth (1805-1882) in 1839, and just one year later Thomas Longdon Greenwood (1806-1879) once again. Compared to present-day expectations these dramas were probably quite mawkish and sensational fleapit productions. Nevertheless the lives of Jack Sheppard and Jonathan Wild are excellently suited for stage and screenplays. But we don't know whether we shall ever hear about the Benjamin Ross project again. --Bogart99 17:59, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Images
Presuambly most of these are PD - A copy of the print of the Thornhill portrait would be nice, and the Cruikshank cartoons of the execution at MEPL are great. -- ALoan (Talk) 12:37, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * http://www.maryevans.com/cgi-bin/dwsrun?SHOW&prv=cal&mnth=11&usr=mark&dt=16_nov
 * http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp04091

 * For four days now, the image on this article has been busted and refusing to display. I dunno what's wrong.  Geogre 11:46, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Image:Jack Sheppard.jpg? Looks fine to me. It comes from commons - commons:Image:Jack_Sheppard.jpg. -- ALoan (Talk) 12:04, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

Must be a Mozilla problem, then. It works from work but not from home. I'll chalk it up to browser games. Geogre 12:58, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The engraving at the top of this article is printed on p32 of the Linebaugh book in reverse; either that image or the one here is a mrror image. Philip Cross 20:35, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Can you scan it in? I suspect ours is reversed.  See:
 * http://www.imagesonline.bl.uk/britishlibrary/controller/subjectidsearch?id=9375&&idx=1&startid=32393
 * Another interesting one is:
 * http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13097/13097-h/images/crim-6.jpg
 * A good Cruikshank would also be excellent. -- ALoan (Talk) 20:59, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

Romance
Peter Linebaugh's view is so ... so ... heavily invested, let's say, that I worry about it. One thing that ought perhaps to be done is a "Sheppard as symbol" or "Sheppard as celebrity" section, where we can establish the function of Sheppard's stories in the public mind. All that Linebaugh says is undoubtedly true of how Sheppard was viewed by the public, of the function of Sheppard in the cultural mind, but it suffers from the typical problems of New Historicism by presuming to impute motives from a critical reading and assuming a cultural homogeneity that is difficult to defend, intellectually. It's fun, but it also looks like a contemporary critical historian championing a hero with as much enthusiasm as the mob going to see "The Escape of Gentleman Jack" puppet shows at Drury Lane. Geogre 11:45, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

Removed from "People executed by hanging" category?!
I have a question. I was looking at the category of "People executed by hanging", and Jack Sheppard was missing from the S list! Why did you people remove that name?! It should have been kept or left alone! --Angeldeb82 20:41, 26 March 2007 (UTC)
 * It looks like a default sort order got copied across from another article and overrode the Jack Sheppard entry. Fixed now. Yomangani talk 21:19, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry for getting in the way: I was trying to nuke the "popular culture" link (which you had already done) and ended up reverting your change accidentally (I I must have been editing an old version by mistake). -- ALoan (Talk) 22:12, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

Is it just me or...?
Now is it just me or is there something about one picture at the bottom of the other two in "The Last Scene" engraving by George Cruikshank in the "Legacy" section of this article? From what I could see in the bottom picture that reads, "The body of Jack Sheppard carried off by the mob", it looks kinda similar to a modern-day crowd surfing in a circle pit at metal, punk, rock, and indie concerts. You should find out more, okay? Imagine, a corpse crowd surfing. Now there's something you don't see every day. --Angeldeb82 02:24, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
 * You've got an article for The Journal of Popular Culture there: "Rock star crowd surfing as symbolic reenactment of public hanging."  The rock stars are imitating the corpses, not the other way around.  Geogre 10:32, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

New Style Calendar
Interesting notes here. According to this article: "[Jack] Sheppard was first arrested after a burglary he committed with his brother, Tom... on 5 February 1724. ...Tom was arrested again on 24 April 1724." Of course, it's talking pre-Gregorian-Calendar New Style, pre 1752, which means that it would be February 5, 1723 in Old Style (as England used double-dating between January 1 and March 24, from the 12th century to 1752). So Jack's date of birth, March 4, 1702, in New Style would be March 4, 1701 in Old Style! Check this out! --Angeldeb82 20:45, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh, yes! When I say "pre-Gregorian-Calendar New Style", I mean the Julian date with the start of the year as January 1.  Check this out also!  So what do you think? --Angeldeb82 21:57, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Where are Jack's remains now?
I asked someone via Hotmail about when the guys at St Martin-in-the-Fields are going to restore its now-lost churchyard. A Mrs. Louise Sherratt responded with an email and told me that "the burial grounds [at the churchyard] themselves were removed many decades ago and the remains respectfully reinterred in appropriate cemeteries elsewhere." I wonder which cemetery Jack's remains are in now. If someone can find any hint on which cemetery Jack's remains are in now and in which grave, I will be happy to oblige. --Angeldeb82 19:40, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Oops! I guess you can't read my email, huh?  Lucky for me, I have a thread about it on Find A Grave here.  So I guess it turns out that Jack's remains are now lost.  Pity, huh? --Angeldeb82 15:29, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Perhaps they escaped during transfer. -- Anon, 23:12, 19 January, 2008

Contradiction
A later painting is said to be from Thornhill's sketch "now lost", but the first sketch in the article is attributed to Thornhill!??? Also, one appears to be a reverse image of the other. Can someone clarify? Thank you, Shir-El too 04:29, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I think it's the painting/portrait that is lost, while the sketch survives. I.e. we don't have his book, but we found his notes.  (He also got copied.)  Geogre 10:50, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Jack's burial at around midnight
I think something is missing: the "Execution" section of this article says that Jack was interred at St Martin-in-the-Fields churchyard "that evening", but on page 225 of Lucy Moore's The Thieves' Opera, referenced in this article, it says "what remained of [Jack's] corpse was taken to the Barley Mow tavern", where another riot broke out outside before he was finally buried at St Martin-in-the-Fields churchyard "at about midnight". Hope someone who has read it should clarify about this. --Angeldeb82 01:00, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

Geographic inconsistencies within the article?
Sheppard hid in a cowshed in Tottenham (near modern Tottenham Court Road). Spotted by the barn's owner... ? This isn't correct, TCR isn't anywhere near Tottenham. --Neil Evans 01:58, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Another hint of Blueskin's trial
I hate to be off-topic, but I have another hint of Blueskin Blake's trial right here on this link (just scroll down the list of names to find Blake). What do you think? --Angeldeb82 18:18, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Wait, still can't find Blake? Try this link and see if that fits, okay? --Angeldeb82 18:26, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

 * wow, both of the links above helped me a lot. thanks~!

I hate to be off-topic, but...
I think I found a pic of Blueskin attacking Jonathan Wild at the Old Bailey in the article in this link here. You should post that pic onto the Joseph Blake article if that's okay with you. --Angeldeb82 02:29, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

Redlinks
There are an awful lot of redlinks in this article. I thought I'd ask about it before going ahead and doing away with them: is there any compelling reason to keep them? Dylan (talk) 07:55, 20 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Is there any reason to remove them? If you want to do something useful with regard to redlinks then create an article to make them blue. Yomangani talk 14:30, 20 January 2008 (UTC)
 * It's a judgment call. If you believe a redlink is trivial or impossible to fill in (ever), then it's worth removing, but the presence of red links is no source of complaint.  Sometimes, when an article goes onto the main page, helpful people come along and link positively every noun in the article.  That kind of thing can lead to over linking.  However, most of the red links are dandy things and should be left in peace.  Unless a noun is, as I say, impossible (criminals who are only known to history in a single case, and that by a pseudonym) or utterly trivial (linking "thief" or "murder" can be silly), leave 'em be.  Geogre (talk) 14:39, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

confusing
"The inability of the notorious "Thief-Taker General" (and thief) Jonathan Wild to control Sheppard, and injuries suffered by Wild at the hands of Sheppard's colleague, Joseph "Blueskin" Blake, led to Wild's downfall."

I can't quite grasp the meaning of this sentece before reading it four times. Even then I have trouble grasping it's significance. Please reword, perhaps in three seperate sentences. :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.64.108.73 (talk) 08:26, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

Artful Dodger
Recently, in the last 7 days or so, there was a documentary on BBC4 about Jack Shepherd and Jonathon Wild, though I don't recall the exact time or programme name. Anyway, this programme suggested that the Artful Dodger in Oliver Twist was also inspired by Jack Shepherd and the BBC is usually a pretty reliable source. 86.30.22.26 (talk) 05:51, 27 March 2017 (UTC)

WP:URFA/2020
This featured article was reviewed as part of the URFA drive. The article will need a Featured Article Review if the article isn't updated. A list of problems is noted below.

Desertarun (talk) 22:44, 2 February 2023 (UTC)
 * The lead lacks clarity. Example 1 - paragraph 2 finishes with "led to Wild's downfall", how? Example 2 - "an autobiographical narrative thought to have been ghostwritten" is confusing
 * There are unreferenced statements such as "Jonathan Wild, secretly the linchpin of a criminal empire" and "Wild was lucky to survive, and his grip over his criminal empire started to slip while he recuperated."
 * The paragraph beginning "Taking advantage of the disturbance," has just two references leading to the possibility of original research.
 * The legacy section contains an unreferenced paragraph
 * The article needs copyediting for grammar for example "His badly mauled remains were recovered later and buried in the churchyard of St Martin-in-the-Fields that evening".

 * I am not seeing the grammatical issue in your last point? Is it a BrEng thing? Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  00:59, 3 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I misread that. Desertarun (talk) 09:30, 3 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jack Sheppard


text:
Court of Requests

The Court of Requests was a minor equity court in England and Wales. It was instituted by King Richard III in his 1484 parliament. It first became a formal tribunal with some Privy Council elements under Henry VII, hearing cases from the poor and from servants of the King. It quickly became popular for its low cost of bringing a case and rapid processing time, earning the disapproval of the common law judges. Two formal judges, the "Masters of Requests Ordinary", were appointed towards the end of Henry VIII's reign, with an additional two "Masters of Requests Extraordinary" appointed under Elizabeth I to allow two judges to accompany her on her travels around England (Latin: Regiae Majestati a Supplicum Libellis Magister). Two more ordinary masters were appointed under James I of England, with the increasing volume of cases bringing a wave of complaints as the court's business and backlog grew.

The court became embroiled in a dispute with the common law courts during the late 16th century, who were angry at the amount of business deserting them for the Court of Requests. During the 1590s they went on the offensive, overwriting many decisions made by the Requests and preventing them from imprisoning anyone. It is commonly accepted that this was a death-blow for the court, which, dependent on the Privy Seal for authority, died when the English Civil War made the seal invalid.

History
The precise origins of the Court of Requests are unknown. Spence traces it back to the reign of Richard II, Leadam, rejecting Spence's case, claims there is no official record of the court's existence before 1493, Pollard writes (based on documents discovered after Leadam's work) that it was in existence from at least 1465, while Alexander writes that it first appeared during the reign of the House of York, and Kleineke states that it was created in 1485 by Richard III. Whatever its origin, the court was created as part of the Privy Council, following an order by the Lord Privy Seal that complaints and cases brought to the council by the poor should be expedited. This was as part of the Privy Council; it first became an independent tribunal with some Privy Council elements under Henry VII, with jurisdiction mainly over matters of equity. The court became increasingly popular due to the lack of cost in bringing a case to it and the speed at which it processed them, in contrast with the slow and expensive common law courts, arousing the ire of common law lawyers and judges.

The court originally followed the monarch on his travels around England, visiting Sheen, Langley and Woodstock in 1494. Under Thomas Wolsey the court became fixed in Westminster, hearing cases from poor people and from the servants of the king. It met at the White Hall of the Palace of Westminster and was often referred to as the Court of White Hall. Towards the end of Henry VIII's reign, the court assumed a more professional status with the appointment of two "Masters of Requests Ordinary" to serve as its judges, where the Lord Privy Seal alone had previously heard and delivered judgements. Two additional "Masters of Requests Extraordinary" were appointed under Elizabeth I to accompany her on her progresses around England. Under James I two further Ordinary Masters were appointed, but despite this the court was criticised for the backlog arising from its increasing business.

When the court formally became an independent body in the 16th century, free of Privy Council control, it immediately became vulnerable to attack by the common-law courts, which asserted that it had no formal jurisdiction and that the Court of Chancery was an appropriate equitable body for cases. It was technically true that the court, as it was no longer part of the Privy Council, could not claim jurisdiction based on tradition, but in 1597 Sir Julius Caesar (then a Master of Requests Ordinary) gave examples of times when the common law courts had recognised the Court of Requests' jurisdiction as recently as 1585. The common law courts change of heart was undoubtedly due to the large amount of business deserting them for the Court of Requests, and in 1590 they went on the offensive; writs of habeas corpus were issued for people imprisoned for contempt of court in the Requests, judgments were issued in cases the Court of Requests were dealing with and it was decided that jailing an individual based on a writ from the Court of Requests constituted false imprisonment. Most academics accept that the court never recovered from these blows, and when the English Civil War made the privy seal inoperative, the court "died a natural death". The post of Master of Requests was abolished in 1685.

== Other courts of requests ==

Another court of requests was by act of the Common Council of the City of London on 1 February 1518. It had jurisdiction over small debts under 40 shillings between citizens and tradesmen of the City of London. The judges of the court were two aldermen and four ancient discreet commoners. It was also called the Court of Conscience in the Guild Hall, where it met. Under James I, acts of Parliament were passed regulating its procedure 1 Jas. 1. c. 14 and 3 Jas. 1. c. 15. These were the first Acts of Parliament that gave validity to a court of requests.

In the eighteenth and early nineteenth century small claims courts were established in various parts of England called "court of requests". The first of these was found in Southwark by 22 Geo. 2. c. 47. They were abolished by the County Courts Act 1846.

title: Court of Requests


text: User talk:24.63.80.30

title: User talk:24.63.80.30


text:
User talk:D$

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Francs2000 | Talk 00:38, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:D$


text:
Carbon planet

A carbon planet is a hypothetical type of planet that contains more carbon than oxygen. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen.

Marc Kuchner and Sara Seager coined the term "carbon planet" in 2005 and investigated such planets following the suggestion of Katharina Lodders that Jupiter formed from a carbon-rich core. Prior investigations of planets with high carbon-to-oxygen ratios include Fegley & Cameron 1987. Carbon planets could form if protoplanetary discs are carbon-rich and oxygen-poor. They would develop differently from Earth, Mars, and Venus, which are composed mostly of silicon–oxygen compounds. Different planetary systems have different carbon-to-oxygen ratios, with the Solar System's terrestrial planets closer to being "oxygen planets" with C/O molar ratio of 0.55. In 2020, survey of the 249 nearby solar analog stars found 12% of stars have C/O ratios above 0.65, making them candidates for the carbon-rich planetary systems. The exoplanet 55 Cancri e, orbiting a host star with C/O molar ratio of 0.78, is a possible example of a carbon planet.

Definition
Such a planet would probably have an iron-rich core like the known terrestrial planets. Surrounding that would be molten silicon carbide and titanium carbide. Above that, a layer of carbon in the form of graphite, possibly with a kilometers-thick substratum of diamond if there is sufficient pressure. During volcanic eruptions, it is possible that diamonds from the interior could come up to the surface, resulting in mountains of diamonds and silicon carbides. The surface would contain frozen or liquid hydrocarbons (e.g., tar and methane) and carbon monoxide. A weather cycle is hypothetically possible on carbon planets with an atmosphere, provided that the average surface temperature is below 77 °C.

However, carbon planets will probably be devoid of water, which cannot form because any oxygen delivered by comets or asteroids will react with the carbon on the surface. The atmosphere on a relatively cool carbon planet would consist primarily of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide with a significant amount of carbon smog.

Composition
Carbon planets are predicted to be of similar diameter to silicate and water planets of the same mass, potentially making them difficult to distinguish. The equivalents of geologic features on Earth may also be present, but with different compositions. For instance, the rivers might consist of oils. If the temperature is low enough (below 350 K), then gasses may be able to photochemically synthesize into long-chain hydrocarbons, which could rain down onto the surface.

In 2011, NASA cancelled a mission, called TPF, which was to be an observatory much bigger than the Hubble Space Telescope that would have been able to detect such planets. The spectra of carbon planets would lack water, but show the presence of carbonaceous substances, such as carbon monoxide.

Draugr, Poltergeist and Phobetor
The pulsar planets Draugr, Poltergeist and Phobetor may be carbon planets that formed from the disruption of a carbon-producing star. Carbon planets might also be located near the Galactic Center or globular clusters orbiting the galaxy, where stars have a higher carbon-to-oxygen ratio than the Sun. When old stars die, they spew out large quantities of carbon. As time passes and more and more generations of stars end, the concentration of carbon, and carbon planets, will increase.

Janssen
In October 2012, it was announced that Janssen showed evidence for being a carbon planet. It has eight times the mass of Earth and twice the radius. Research indicates that the 3900 °F planet is "covered in graphite and diamond rather than water and granite". It orbits the star Copernicus once every 18 hours.

Other carbon-rich objects
In August 2011, Matthew Bailes and his team of experts from Swinburne University of Technology in Australia reported that the millisecond pulsar PSR J1719-1438 may have a binary companion star that has been crushed into a much smaller planet made largely of solid diamond. They deduced that a small companion planet must be orbiting the pulsar and causing a detectable gravitational pull. Further examination revealed that although the planet is relatively small (60,000 km diameter, or five times bigger than the Earth) its mass is slightly more than that of Jupiter. The high density of the planet gave the team a clue to its likely makeup of carbon and oxygen—and suggested the crystalline form of the elements. However, this "planet" is hypothesized to be the remains of an evaporated white dwarf companion, being only the remnant inner core. According to some definitions of planet, this would not qualify because it formed as a star.

At a distance of $267$ pc (approximately 870 light-years), PSR J2222−0137 is a nearby intermediate-mass binary pulsar whose low-mass neutron star's companion is a white dwarf (PSR J2222−0137 B). The white dwarf has a relatively large mass of and a temperature less than 3,000 K, meaning it is likely crystallized, leading to this Earth-sized white dwarf being described as a "diamond-star".

Brown dwarfs
Planets around brown dwarfs are likely to be carbon planets depleted of water.

title: Carbon planet


text:
James Gibbons

James Cardinal Gibbons (July 23, 1834 – March 24, 1921) was an American Catholic prelate who served as Apostolic Vicar of North Carolina from 1868 to 1872, Bishop of Richmond from 1872 to 1877, and as Archbishop of Baltimore from 1877 until his death.

Gibbons was consecrated a bishop on August 16, 1868, at the Baltimore Cathedral. The principal consecrator was Archbishop Martin J. Spalding. He was 34 years of age, serving as the first apostolic vicar of North Carolina. He attended the First Vatican Council in Rome where he voted in favor of defining the dogma of papal infallibility.

In 1872, Gibbons was named Bishop of Richmond by Pope Pius IX. In 1877, Gibbons was appointed Archbishop of Baltimore, the oldest episcopal see in the United States. During his 44 years as Baltimore's archbishop, Gibbons became one of the most recognizable Catholic figures in the country. He defended the rights of organized labor and helped convince Pope Leo XIII to give his consent to labor unions. In 1886, Gibbons was appointed to the College of Cardinals, becoming the second cardinal in American history, after Cardinal John McCloskey, archbishop of New York.

Early life and education
James Gibbons was born on July 23, 1834, in Baltimore, Maryland, the fourth of six children, to Thomas and Bridget (née Walsh) Gibbons. His parents were from Tourmackeady, County Mayo, in Ireland. The family left Ireland to settle in Canada, then moved to the United States.

After contracting tuberculosis in 1839, Thomas returned with the family back to Ireland, hoping the Irish climate would help him recover. He opened a grocery store in Ballinrobe, where James Gibbons worked as a child. Slight of build and a little under than average height, James Gibbons suffered from gastric problems and consequent periods of anxiety and clinical depression. Thomas Gibbons died in Ireland in 1847; in 1853, Bridget Gibbons moved the family back to the United States, settling in New Orleans, Louisiana.

While attending a Catholic retreat in New Orleans, Gibbons heard a sermon by Reverend Clarence A. Walworth, co-founder of the Paulist Fathers. Inspired to become a priest, Gibbons in 1855 entered St. Charles College in Ellicott City, Maryland. After graduating from St. Charles in 1857, he went to St. Mary's Seminary in Baltimore. He suffered a severe attack of malaria while at St. Mary's, leaving him so debilitated that the staff doubted his ability to handle the priesthood.

Priesthood
Having recovered from his malaria, Gibbons was ordained a priest on June 30, 1861, for the Archdiocese of Baltimore by Archbishop Francis Kenrick at St. Mary's Seminary. After Gibbons' ordination, the archdiocese assigned him as curate at St. Patrick's Parish in the Fells Point section of Baltimore for six weeks. They then named him the first pastor of St. Brigid's Parish and as pastor of St. Lawrence Parish, both in Baltimore. During the American Civil War, Gibbons served as a chaplain for Confederate Army prisoners at Fort McHenry in Baltimore.

In 1865, Archbishop Martin Spalding appointed Gibbons as his personal secretary. Gibbons helped Spalding prepare for the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore in October 1866. At Spalding's prompting, the Council fathers recommended the Vatican created an apostolic vicariate for North Carolina and appoint Gibbons head to it.

Apostolic Vicar of North Carolina
On March 3, 1868, Pope Pius IX appointed Gibbons as the first apostolic vicar of North Carolina and titular bishop of Adramyttium. He received his episcopal consecration on August 15, 1868, from Spalding, with Bishops Patrick Lynch and Michael Domenec serving as co-consecrators, at the Cathedral of the Assumption in Baltimore Cathedral. At age 34, he was one of the youngest Catholic bishops in the world and was known as "the boy bishop."

Gibbons' vicariate contained fewer than 700 Catholics spread over the state of North Carolina. During his first four weeks in office, he traveled almost a thousand miles, visiting towns and mission stations and administering sacraments. During his road trip, Gibbons befriended many Protestants, and was invited to preach at Protestant churches. Gibbons made a number of converts to Catholicism. Gibbons became a popular American religious figure, gathering crowds for his sermons on diverse topics that could apply to Christianity as a whole. Over his lifetime, Gibbons met every American president, from Andrew Johnson to Warren G. Harding, and served as an adviser to several of them.

During the Second Plenary Council in 1866, Gibbons advocated for the creation of a Catholic university in the United States to educate priests and laymen. However, the proposal remained in limbo for the next 19 years.

In 1869 and 1870 Gibbons attended the First Vatican Council in Rome. Gibbons voted in favor of the doctrine of papal infallibility. He assumed the additional duties of apostolic administrator for the Diocese of Richmond, Virginia, in January 1872.

Bishop of Richmond
Gibbons was named by Pius IX as the fourth bishop of the Diocese of Richmond on July 30, 1872. He was installed as bishop on October 20, 1872.

Coadjutor Archbishop and Archbishop of Baltimore
On May 29, 1877, Pius IX named Gibbons as coadjutor archbishop of the archdiocese of Baltimore. He automatically succeeded as archbishop on October 3, 1877, after the death of Archbishop James Bayley. For the first twenty years of his administration, Gibbons had no auxiliary bishop to assist him. He therefore travelled extensively throughout the archdiocese, coming to know the priests and parishioners very well.

Cardinal Priest
On June 7, 1886, Pope Leo XIII created Gibbons as a cardinal priest and on March 17, 1887, assigned him the titular church of Santa Maria in Trastevere. He was the second American cardinal after Cardinal John McCloskey.

In 1885, the bishops in the Third Plenary Council in Baltimore decided to build the Catholic University of America in the District of Columbia. The university opened on March 7, 1889, with Gibbons serving as its first chancellor.

In 1903, Gibbons became the first American cardinal to participate in a papal conclave. He would have participated in the 1914 conclave but he arrived late.

During World War I, Gibbons was instrumental in the establishment of the National Catholic War Council. He allowed Reverend William A Hemmick to serve American troops in France during the war. Hemmick became known as the patriot priest of Picardy. At the end of the war, Gibbons supported American participation in the new League of Nations.

James Gibbons died on March 24, 1921, in Baltimore at age 86.

Americanism
In 1899, Gibbons became embroiled in a controversy with the Vatican about a biography of Reverend Isaac Hecker, the founder of the Paulist Fathers. A biography, Life of Isaac Hecker, had recently been published in French. The Vatican decided that the preface to the French edition contained controversial opinions about individualism and liberalism. The translator, Abbé Félix Klein, had attributed those views to Hecker. The book inflamed an ongoing dispute over Americanism, liberal attitudes on obedience to papal authority in the United States that the Vatican considered a heresy.

On January 22, 1899, Leo XIII sent Gibbons an encyclical, Testem benevolentiae nostrae ("Concerning New Opinions, Virtue, Nature and Grace, with Regard to Americanism"). The encyclical condemned the Hecker biography for Americanism. In response, Gibbons and other American church leaders assured the pope that the opinions in the book preface belonged to Klein, not Hecker. They further asserted that Hecker never promoted any deviation from or minimization of Catholic doctrines.

Relations with Jews
During his tenures in North Carolina, Virginia and Maryland, Gibbons established cordial relationships with local rabbis. In an 1890 letter, Gibbons said:"For my part I cannot well conceive how Christians can entertain other than most kindly sentiments toward the Hebrew race, when I consider how much we are indebted to them. We have from them the inspired volume of the Old Testament which has been consolation in all ages to devout souls. Christ our Lord, the Founder of our religion, His Blessed Mother, as well as the apostles, were all Jews according to the flesh. These facts attach me strongly to the Jewish race."In 1890, Gibbons condemned pogroms targeting Jews in the Russian Empire. In 1903, he condemned the Kishinev pogrom in present day Chișinău, Moldova, in which rioters killed 49 Jews and injured hundreds more. He pleaded for the public to assist Russia's Jews. When Jewish leaders in 1915 in Ohio were opposing a state law that would promote bible readings in public schools, Gibbons sent them a letter of support. During World War I, he supported American Jewish Relief fundraising in Baltimore.

Women's suffrage
Gibbons initially opposed the women's suffrage movement in the United States. However, when the nineteenth amendment to the US Constitution passed in 1920, allowing women to vote, Gibbons urged women to exercise that right, describing it "...not only as a right but as a strict social duty."

Organized labor
Gibbons advocated for the protection of working people and their right to organize in labor unions. He believed that industrials in America's eastern cities were exploiting Catholic immigrant workers. He was once quoted as saying, "It is the right of laboring classes to protect themselves, and the duty of the whole people to find a remedy against avarice, oppression, and corruption." Gibbons played a key role in the granting of papal permission for Catholics to join labor unions.

Regarding manual labour Gibbons said that "the Savior of mankind never conferred a greater temporal boon on mankind than by ennobling and sanctifying manual labor, and by rescuing it from the stigma of degradation which had been branded upon it", adding that "Christ is ushered Into the world not amid pomp and splendor of imperial majesty, but amid the environments of an humble child of toil. He is the reputed son of an artisan, and his early manhood is spent in a mechanic’s shop". He concluded that "every honest labor is laudable, thanks to the example and teaching of Christ".

In Rome in 1887 Gibbons implored the Vatican not to condemn the Knights of Labor and defended the rights of workers to organise.

Colonialism

In early 1904, Congolese activists established the Congo Reform Association in England to protest atrocities and injustices against the people of the Congo Free State in Africa. It was a colony under the direct control of King Leopold II, the Catholic king of Belgium. In October 1904, organizers were staging the 13th Universal Peace Congress in Boston, Massachusett, with Congo being on the agenda. The Belgian Government protested this topic because the organizers had not invited Leopold II to send a representative. At the request of the Belgians, Gibbons wrote a letter to the organizers, asking them to drop discussion of Congo. Gibbons' efforts not only failed to sway the organizers, but made him the target of much criticism. Gibbons responded to his critics, saying "I fear, that this agitation against King Leopold's administration is animated partly by religious jealousy and partly by commercial rivalry." He feared that the British Government, along with British merchants and Protestant missionaries, were conspiring to expel Catholic missionaries from the Congo.

According to the historian John Tracy Ellis, rival business and religious interests were indeed supporting the Congo Reform Association. However, Leopold was exploiting and oppressing the Congolese population. Furthermore, Gibbons had based his support on the views of the Belgian government and intermittent reports from Catholic missionaries. Said Ellie; "'For one of the few times in Gibbons' long life, his normally keen judgment went astray and exposed him to the charge of partisanship and of ignorance of the facts governing an issue. The cardinal should have steered clear of the case.'"Author Adam Hochschild’s book, King Leopold’s Ghost, gives a less flattering account of Gibbons' involvement with the Congo issue; "'[King Leopold’s] representatives in Rome successfully convinced the Vatican that this Catholic king was being set upon by unscrupulous Protestant missionaries. A stream of messages in Latin flowed from the Holy See across the Atlantic to the designated Catholic point-man for Leopold in the United States, James Cardinal Gibbons of Baltimore. Cardinal Gibbons believed that the Congo reform crusade was the work of 'only a handful of discontented men... depending largely upon the untrustworthy hearsay of the natives.'"Leopold later awarded Gibbons with the Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown for his assistance. His support of Leopold gained the recognition of Pope Pius X.

The Faith of Our Fathers
During his many speaking engagements as a priest, Gibbons' audiences included many Protestants wanting to learn about Catholicism. He wanted to recommend books on Catholicism to interested Protestants, but he found the existing apologetical works to be inadequate for Americans. To fill that need, Gibbons in 1875 published The Faith of Our Fathers: A Plain Exposition and Vindication of the Church Founded by Our Lord Jesus Christ.

Understanding that many Americans viewed their faith as coming directly from the Bible, Gibbons took pains to explain the biblical roots of Catholic doctrine and rituals. He also wanted to show readers that Catholicism was an American faith, rebutting the claims by anti-Catholic nativists that Catholicism was a heretical belief imposed by Europeans.

The first printing of 10,000 copies, a large number for that era, sold out quickly. By 1879, 50,000 copies had been sold. Sales reached 1,400,000 by 1917 and it remained the most popular book in the United States until the publication of the novel Gone With the Wind in 1939.

Other Publications

 * Our Christian Heritage (1889)
 * The Ambassador of Christ (1896)
 * Discourses and Sermons (1908)
 * A Retrospect of Fifty Years (1916)

Gibbons wrote essays for the North American Review and Putnams' Monthly. He was also a contributor to the Catholic Encyclopedia.

Works

 * Gibbons, James Card. "Personal Reminiscences of the Vatican Council." The North American Review 158, no. 449 (1894): 385–400. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25103307.
 * Gibbons, J. Card. "The Teacher’s Duty to the Pupil." The North American Review 163, no. 476 (1896): 56–63. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25118675.
 * Gibbons, J. Card. "Catholic Christianity." The North American Review 173, no. 536 (1901): 78–90. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25105190.
 * Gibbons, J. Card. "Lynch Law: Its Causes and Remedy." The North American Review 181, no. 587 (1905): 502–9. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25105465.
 * Gibbons, James Card. "International Peace." The North American Review 185, no. 616 (1907): 252–59. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25105893.
 * Gibbons, J. Card. "The Church and the Republic." The North American Review 189, no. 640 (1909): 321–36. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25106311.
 * via Google Books
 * Gibbons, James Card. "International Peace." The North American Review 185, no. 616 (1907): 252–59. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25105893.
 * Gibbons, J. Card. "The Church and the Republic." The North American Review 189, no. 640 (1909): 321–36. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25106311.
 * via Google Books

 * via Google Books

 * via Google Books
 * Pastoral Letter of 1919
 * Gibbons (August 1920): Preface for American Catholics in the war; National Catholic war council, 1917–1921

Biographies

 * (in the one‑volume abridgment by Francis L. Broderick)

Movie footage

 * Conversation with Theodore Roosevelt at Liberty Loan Drive (MPEG 8 mb.)
 * Another angle on the same event at Sagamore Hill (QuickTime 3mb)

Photographs

 * James Cardinal Gibbons (Catholic University Archives)
 * Cardinal Gibbons (Maryland Historical Society)
 * Cardinal Gibbons Day October 16, 1911 (MHS)
 * Cardinal Gibbons & Theodore Roosevelt (MHS)
 * Golden Jubilee Celebration at Basilica of the Assumption (MHS)
 * Service in progress at Basilica (MHS)
 * Cardinal Gibbons' Cortege passes Washington Monument (MHS)

title: James Gibbons


text:
Host Identity Protocol

The Host Identity Protocol (HIP) is a host identification technology for use on Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. The Internet has two main name spaces, IP addresses and the Domain Name System. HIP separates the end-point identifier and locator roles of IP addresses. It introduces a Host Identity (HI) name space, based on a public key security infrastructure.

The Host Identity Protocol provides secure methods for IP multihoming and mobile computing.

In networks that implement the Host Identity Protocol, all occurrences of IP addresses in applications are eliminated and replaced with cryptographic host identifiers. The cryptographic keys are typically, but not necessarily, self-generated.

The effect of eliminating IP addresses in application and transport layers is a decoupling of the transport layer from the internetworking layer (Internet Layer) in TCP/IP.

HIP was specified in the IETF HIP working group. An Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) HIP research group looks at the broader impacts of HIP.

The working group is chartered to produce Requests for Comments on the "Experimental" track, but it is understood that their quality and security properties should match the standards track requirements. The main purpose for producing Experimental documents instead of standards track ones are the unknown effects that the mechanisms may have on applications and on the Internet in the large.

RFC references

 * - Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Architecture (early "informational" snapshot, obsoleted by RFC 9063)
 * - Host Identity Protocol base (Obsoleted by RFC 7401)
 * - Using the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Transport Format with the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) (Obsoleted by RFC 7402)
 * - Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Registration Extension (obsoleted by RFC 8003)
 * - Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Rendezvous Extension (obsoleted by RFC 8004)
 * - Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Domain Name System (DNS) Extension (obsoleted by RFC 8005)
 * - End-Host Mobility and Multihoming with the Host Identity Protocol
 * - NAT and Firewall Traversal Issues of Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Communication
 * - Basic Requirements for IPv6 Customer Edge Routers
 * - Host identity protocol version 2 (HIPv2) (updated by RFC 8002)
 * - Using the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) transport format with the Host Identity Protocol (HIP)
 * - Host Identity Protocol Certificates
 * - Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Registration Extension
 * - Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Rendezvous Extension
 * - Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Domain Name System (DNS) Extension
 * - Host Mobility with the Host Identity Protocol
 * - Host Multihoming with the Host Identity Protocol
 * - Native NAT Traversal Mode for the Host Identity Protocol
 * - Host Identity Protocol Architecture

title: Host Identity Protocol


text: User talk:12.26.83.40

title: User talk:12.26.83.40


text:
Titanoecidae

Titanoecidae is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967. It is fairly widespread in the New World and Eurasia with five genera and more than 50 species worldwide. These are mostly dark-colored builders of "woolly" (cribellate) silk webs. Several species are found at relatively high altitudes in mountain ranges and may be very common in such habitats.

Genera
, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:

 * Anuvinda Lehtinen, 1967 – Asia
 * Goeldia Keyserling, 1891 – South America, Mexico
 * Nurscia Simon, 1874 – Asia, Europe
 * Pandava Lehtinen, 1967 – Asia, Africa, Papua New Guinea
 * Titanoeca Thorell, 1870 – Asia, North America, Europe, Ecuador, Algeria

title: Titanoecidae


text:
User talk:Winged-stone

Welcome!

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Proposed deletion of Hussein Hanoun al-Saadi

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While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

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title: User talk:Winged-stone


text: User talk:24.166.228.23

title: User talk:24.166.228.23


text:
Robert Starer

Robert Starer (8 January 1924 in Vienna – 22 April 2001 in Kingston, New York) was an Austrian-born American composer, pianist and educator.

Robert Starer began studying the piano at age 4 and continued his studies at the Vienna State Academy. After the 1938 plebiscite in which Austria voted for annexation by Nazi Germany, Starer left for Palestine and studied at the Jerusalem Conservatory with Josef Tal. In World War II he served in the British Royal Air Force, and in 1947 he settled in the United States. He studied composition at the Juilliard School in New York City with Frederick Jacobi, then with Aaron Copland in 1948 and received a postgraduate degree from Juilliard in 1949. Starer became an American citizen in 1957.

Robert Starer taught at the Juilliard School, Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York where he became a distinguished professor in 1986. He was married, had one child, Daniel, and resided in Woodstock, New York until his death. He lived with writer Gail Godwin for some thirty years; the two collaborated on several librettos.

Starer was prolific and composed in many genres. His music was characterized by chromaticism and driving rhythms. His vocal works, whether set to English or Hebrew texts, were particularly praised. He composed the score for Martha Graham's 1962 ballet Phaedra. He also wrote four operas, The Intruder (1956), Pantagleize (1967), The Last Lover (1975), and Apollonia (1979). Notable concertos include Violin Concerto which was written for Itzhak Perlman and recorded by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Seiji Ozawa, conductor, and his Cello Concerto, commissioned by Janos Starker and recorded by Pro Arte Chamber Orchestra, Leon Botstein, conductor.

One of Starer's better-known pieces is Even and Odds for young pianists. He is also known for his pieces entitled Sketches in Color, as well as his sight-reading training manual, Rhythmic Training.

Among Starer's students was Talib Rasul Hakim.

Starer died on April 22, 2001, in Kingston New York, and he is buried in Artists Cemetery, Woodstock, Ulster County, New York.

Other sources

 * Jaques Cattell Press (Ed.): Who's who in American Music. Classical. First edition. R. R. Bowker, New York, 1983.
 * Darryl Lyman: Great Jews in Music. J. D. Publishers, Middle Village, New York, 1986.
 * Stanley Sadie, H. Wiley Hitchcock (Ed.): The New Grove Dictionary of American Music. Grove's Dictionaries of Music, New York, New York, 1986.

title: Robert Starer