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Tritons' Fountain

The Tritons’ Fountain (Il-Funtana tat-Tritoni) is a fountain located in Floriana, Malta. It consists of three bronze Tritons holding up a large basin, balanced on a concentric base built out of concrete and clad in 730 tons of travertine slabs. The fountain is one of Malta's most important Modernist landmarks.

Designed and constructed between 1952 and 1959 under no less than three governing bodies, and conceived jointly by eminent sculptor Chevalier Vincent Apap and his collaborator draughtsman Victor Anastasi, the fountain became unofficially operational on Saturday 16 May 1959. The fountain was used as a stage for National Celebrations named 'Mill-Maltin għall-Maltin' and is believed to have jeopardized the relatively compromised structural setup of the sculptural group and consequently contributed to the dramatic collapse of the sculptural group which occurred on Wednesday 1 March 1978 at approximately 14:00hrs.

The sculptural group was repaired by Malta Drydocks engineers between January 1986 and April 1987. During this intervention a central sculptural addition consisting of three seagulls and seaweed (also the work of Chev. Apap) was introduced within the sculptural group, however this arrangement subsequently diminished the telamonic role of the mythological Triton figures.

The fountain deteriorated in subsequent decades, and was earmarked for relocation in 2010 when the Heritage Planning Unit of the Planning Authority through its Conservation Officer Kenneth Cauchi advised that the monumental fountain would be best left in situ and any efforts were to be aimed and restoring the whole structure to its original form and reinstate the sculptural group in its dramatic carrying role of the ponderous basin. Much efforts and meetings were undertaken with Minister of Infrastructure, Communication and Transport Dr. Austin Gatt who stopped all proposals of relocating the fountain in a Press Conference dated 9 December 2011. The proposal by Mr. Cauchi was put forward to be addressed by the Minister of Resources and Rural Affairs George Pullicino who put forward the proposal through his Permanent Secretary Ing. Christopher Ciantar and Architect Norbert Gatt. Eventually the project passed forward by the Head of the Rehabilitation Projects Office (RPO) Chief Architect Mireille Fsadni and under the new Minister of the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MTI) Joe Mizzi and under the new Permanent Secretary Ing Joseph Callus who was instrumental in setting up a technical steering group to address the proposed project by Mr. Cauchi. The team was chaired by Ing. Stefan Calamatta and was made up of Architect Fsadni to cover the civil and structural parts, Mr. Cauchi to cover the historical, artistic and bronze and travertine conservation aspects, Ing Brian Cauchi and Ing Alex Vella (obit. 2023) to cover the mechanical and hydraulic aspects, Ing Conrad Casha and Ing Simon Ellul to address the electrical aspects.

Following the general election of 2017, the project passed under a new Ministry Transport, Infrastructure and Capital Projects (MTIP) with Dr. Ian Borg as Minister and Permanent Secretary Mr. Christopher Cutajar who saw to the undertaking of the project proposed by Mr. Cauchi. The contract for works was entered upon on the 12th January 2017 and commencing on site at the end of January when the bronze figures were dismantled and sent to Fonderia Artistica Ferdinando Marinelli of Florence. Works were ready by the end of the year, and the fountain and piazza were officially inaugurated on 12 January 2018, precisely a year to date from the signing of the contract. The Project Manager was Ing Joseph Scicluna who was instrumental to bring the project to a satisfactory conclusion while the Site Manager was Joseph Mifsud.

Design

The fountain consists of three bronze figures of mythological Tritons holding up a huge circular basin measuring 5m in diameter and weighing approximately 3tons. Two of the Tritons are sitting, while the third one is kneeling, and they are balanced on a seaweed base. The face of each Triton is visible when viewed from City Gate. Their posture gives a sense of strength as well as spiral movement, which contribute to the monumentality of the fountain. The water jets were also designed in order to convey the sense of movement. The figures of the Tritons represent Malta's links with the sea, and their design was inspired by the Fontana delle Tartarughe in Rome. After the fountain's platter was damaged in the 1980s, a bronze pillar depicting a flight of seagulls was added to the fountain to support its weight. This was not included once the restoration was completed in 2018.

The base of the fountain was originally designed with a quadripartite plan inspired by Rome's Fontana delle Naiadi, but this was later changed to a tripartite concentric plan. The base is constructed out of reinforced concrete, and it consists of four concentric water basins. The exterior is clad with a total of 730 tons of travertine slabs from Rome. The outer slabs of the vasca intermedia are decorated with a relief representing foliage.

Beneath the structure of the fountain, there are a series of passages and chambers which allow for maintenance and inspection and connect the fountain to the water and electrical services. These underground passages and a pump room cover an area of over 140 m2, and are accessible through a manhole in the pavement near the fountain.

The fountain was designed so as to avoid contrast with the nearby bastions, as well as to blend with the Victorian-era Kingsgate. The gate was demolished five years after the fountain was completed.

Background and construction

The site of the fountain was formerly occupied by St. Madeleine's Lunette, a 17th-century lunette that protected the entrance to Valletta. The lunette was dismantled and its ditch was filled in with rubble in the 19th century, although some parts might have survived beneath the present street level. The area was eventually used as a bus terminus, and in January 1953 the Ministry for Public Works and Reconstruction launched a competition for designing a fountain in this empty space. The competition was open to everyone except for those who worked at the Public Works Department, and the first prize was of £100.

The winning proposal was entitled "Triton", and it was submitted by the sculptor Vincent Apap. It was designed in collaboration with the draughtsman and designer Victor Anastasi, who was not mentioned on the proposal since he was employed by the PWD. Apap worked on the sculpture of three Tritons in stucco at a former dovecote in Palazzo Parisio, which had been made available by his friend, the marquis Joe Scicluna. Meanwhile, Anastasi worked on the technical and architectural elements of the fountain, including the hydraulic systems, and costs and supplies of materials.

Work on the fountain's foundations began in June 1955 by the contractor Carmelo Grech, and construction of the base was complete by mid-1958. The figures of the Tritons were cast in bronze at the Lagana foundry in Naples, and were put in place in 1959. The total cost of construction was around £80,000. The fountain was switched on for the first time on 16 May 1959, but it was never officially inaugurated due to the uneasy political situation at the time, as Malta's government had just resigned and the islands were under direct colonial rule.

Damage and repair

In the decades after its construction, the fountain became a landmark due to its prominent location in Malta's main bus terminus. It was used for various events, including the Republic Day national festivities which were televised on the programme Mill-Maltin għall-Maltin. A platform was built on the fountain's sculptural group to house entertainment acts which included concerts as well as motorcycles climbing on the bronze basin over specially-constructed ramps. This greatly weakened the structure, and together with natural deterioration, it resulted in the tank mounted inside the basin failing to limit the water supported inside. This caused an excessive amount of water to remain in the platter, which strained the bronze Triton figures supporting it. One of the Tritons' arms broke on 1 March 1978, and the platter collapsed resulting in significant damage to two of the three Tritons.

In 1986, the basin and damaged figures were repaired at the Malta Drydocks, and a central pillar was added to support the weight of the platter. Water no longer passed through the Tritons' arms, but through a pipe in this pillar. The fountain was functional on 1 May 1987, and repairs cost around Lm10,000. The central pillar was designed by Apap himself, even though he was against this repair work, and it was cast in bronze in Verona. These interventions have been called "inartistic" and have been widely criticized as destroying the fountain's original harmony.

In the late 1990s, the fountain's water and lighting systems were refurbished by the Malta Desalination Services and the Water Works Division.

Over time, further deterioration to the sculpture occurred, including corrosion and cracks in the figures. In 2017, Minister Joe Mizzi stated that the bronze figures had deteriorated to such an extent that they "would have been lost" if they had not been restored. The travertine slabs in the fountain's base also sustained substantial damage and staining over the years.

Proposed relocation

In 2011, works began on a project by Renzo Piano to redesign the entrance of Valletta. This project included rebuilding the City Gate and landscaping the surrounding area, and Piano recommended that the Triton Fountain be shifted some distance away from its location immediately outside Valletta's entrance. The proposed relocation was announced by the Ministry for Infrastructure, Transport and Communications in April 2011, and it was meant to create an open space and restore "the architectural and historical context of the entrance to the fortified city". The approach to the City Gate would be flanked by trees and only accessible to pedestrians, while the fountain was to be restored and shifted to the garden opposite the Hotel Phoenicia, close to the Malta Memorial and the MCP car park. This would have moved the fountain from the limits of Valletta to Floriana.

The proposed relocation was controversial, and although some welcomed the proposal, most people were against moving the landmark fountain. Opponents stated that since the fountain has an underground system of passages, it is impossible to move it without destroying and rebuilding it, and the fountain might not work at all if moved. Concerns were also raised that the Triton figures would be damaged if they were to be moved. In December 2011, Minister Austin Gatt announced that the fountain will not be moved, and after restoration it will serve as the centerpiece of Piano's redesigned entrance to Valletta.

The fountain was scheduled as a Grade 1 property by the Malta Environment and Planning Authority on 8 May 2012, as one of the "20th Century Modernist Architecture and Monuments in Valletta and Floriana". On 28 December of the same year, it was included on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands.

Restoration

Restoring the fountain to its lost original splendour (without the central sculpture) had rarely or better never been considered in view of the fact that the fountain was in such a dilapidated state that to most, (politicians included) it had very few limited merits. To make matters worse, established conservation ethics dictated black on white that an artefact's history is part and parcel of the artefact and should not be erased. Apart from Kenneth Cauchi who is a warranted and qualified bronze conservator and who was working behind the scenes, Robert Cassar the Curator of the Palace Armoury and a warranted and qualified bronze conservator was the only official to publicly express his professional views to stop the proposed the unwarranted fracas. The general perspective of most was that it was a flea ridden pit in a God forsaken place. Furthermore being dead centre in the middle of a disorganised bus terminus made it even more shabby. The aforementioned plans to relocate the fountain manifested this fact outrightly, however it was clear that the fountain super and sub-structure would never survive the move. Plans to restore the fountain were first made during the 2011 relocation proposal. After it was announced that the fountain will remain in its original location, it was mentioned that €2 million would be allocated to restore it, removing the alterations done in the 1980s. In January 2015, the Ministry for Transport and Infrastructure announced that restoration will begin that year and would be complete by 2017, at a cost of €500,000. However, nothing materialized initially and the Ministry only began the process to restore the fountain in October 2015. A month later, a pre-qualification questionnaire for prospective bidders interested in restoring the fountain was issued. The government made attempts to find a suitable bidder throughout 2016, until the Ministry signed a contract with Sea Fountain One on 12 January 2017 to restore the fountain to its original state by the end of the year. Restoration work, is to cost about €4 million since the damage was worse than expected.

The Triton figures began to be dismantled on 4 February 2017, and they were later sent to Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry in Florence to be cleaned. The concrete that was used to fill the brass figures has been removed. A steel structure has been built inside the figures so as to support the weight of the plate, and each figure is now covered in microcrystalline wax for protection and was painted in azurite blue as was their original colour in 1959. The massive base of the fountain was restored by the De Feo Restauri of Rome, a specialized company in restoration of monuments. A new plant room has been constructed, which is connected to the new pump room through a tunnel. The restored Triton figures were sent back to Malta and reinstalled in August 2017, and renovation works of the surrounding square continued until the end of the year.

Formal inauguration

The restored fountain was finally (59 years late) officially inaugurated on 12 January 2018, by Prime Minister Joseph Muscat. The works were completed a week ahead of Valletta taking its position as European Capital of Culture 2018. It was stated that the restoration cost amounted to €4.5 million.

The maintenance of the fountain has always been the remit and jurisdiction of the Public Works Department (PWD) under the Director General Architect Stephen Bonello and through its specialized Manufacturing and Servicing Department (MSD) and its Director Ing. Ray Caruana. Keeping it in perfect it condition has been the hallmark of all Permanent Secretaries succeeding Mr. Cutajar namely being Mr. Johan Galea and Mr. Joseph Caruana.

Legacy
To commemorate the 5th Anniversary from the Triton Fountain formal inauguration, Minister Stefan Zrinzo Azzopardi through his Permanent Secretary Carlos Tabone was instrumental to collaborate with MaltaPost to issue a number of commemorative stamps on Monday 11 December 2023. The event coincided with the appointment of Mr. Kenneth Cauchi as the first official Curator of the Triton Fountain.

By prior appointment with the Public Works Department through the Triton Fountain Curator, the 500 square metre plus underground complex of the fountain is open for a limited number of visitors, students and specific groups (Terms & Conditions apply).

Such is the legacy that is being promoted now that the Triton Fountain has been reinstated as one of the most prominent European landmarks and a centre of applied excellence serving both as a cultural heritage attraction and a manifest of a well-maintained electro-mechanical hydraulic plant.

title: Tritons' Fountain


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User talk:Dan w~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Thanks Dan for the encouragement, I would like to see your input, I'll take all the help I can get! george 23:12, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * "I like the start of your article [], and will try to follow your lead in content of description of this and other publications.Dan w 21:01, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)"

I invite you to add your name to the project list at:WikiProject Jehovah's Witnesses

george 04:28, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for signing up at WP:JW. Tom Haws 19:28, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)

Please don't post sermons to Wikipedia. This is an encyclopedia, not a church. RickK 07:17, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

I'm taling about All Scripture is Inspired and Beneficial, which I have deleted. I'm also talking about any other articles you copy from Jehovah's Witness magazines, which are copyright violations as well as proselytizing. RickK 07:23, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

There was nothing to edit. It was an inappropriate use of Wikipedia. RickK 07:34, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

It's not fair use when the article is virtually nothing but a quote (and an extensive one at that). If you want to quote a few small passages and discuss their significance, that is fair use. Otherwise, it's just a copyright violation, and even if it weren't, it's still not appropriate for Wikipedia. Again, this is an encyclopedia. If you want to write articles about subjects, and not post sermons, you are more than welcome to do so. RickK 07:59, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Please stop, or you will be blocked from editing. RickK 08:03, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Fine. If you want to recreate it, I'll list it on the Copyright problems page and it will be deleted in 5 days instead of immediately. But it will still be deleted. RickK 08:06, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Dan, Let's take some time to step back. The deleting of pages is part of the process. Also, some time checking out the process of adding information to articles will reveal that you should not C&P copyrighted material of any sort. Also, on the JW article's talk archives you will find info about the use of the WT library. you should examine that as well. I am going to try soem intervention w/Rick as well. george 23:32, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

C&P
It is quite acceptable to place as much as a paragraph from a publication provided it does not make up the bulk of your comment and, as you did, cite the reference. Unfortunately the quote in the article about the Aid book was the bulk of the article. I am thinking that perhaps an article just about JW-encyclopedias would be a better idea. Maybe we could mentin it in the insight article? What do you think? george 23:10, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Ak3.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Ak3.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Dan w. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Dan w~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:19, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:54, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Dan w~enwiki


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Ramesh Krishnan

Ramesh Krishnan (born 5 June 1961) is an Indian tennis coach and former professional tennis player. As a junior player in the late 1970s, he won the singles titles at both, Wimbledon and the French Open. He went on to reach three Grand Slam quarterfinals in the 1980s and was a part of the Indian team captained by Vijay Amritraj which reached the final of the Davis Cup in 1987 against Sweden. Krishnan also beat then-world No. 1, Mats Wilander, at the 1989 Australian Open. He became India's Davis Cup captain in 2007.

Early life
Ramesh was born in Madras, India, and is the son of Ramanathan Krishnan who reached the Wimbledon semifinal twice in the 1960s. Ramesh emulated an achievement of his father's by winning the Wimbledon junior title in 1979. He also won the French Open junior title that year, achieving what would be called Junior Channel Slam, and was ranked the No. 1 junior player in the world.

Career
At the senior level, Ramesh reached the quarterfinals at Wimbledon once (1986) and the US Open twice (1981 and 1987). He was admired for his touch, anticipation and all-round game, but his lack of a killer stroke or a strong service kept him from reaching the very top of the men's game.

Ramesh was a key member of the Indian team which reached the Davis Cup final in 1987. In the semifinals against Australia, he beat John Fitzgerald in four sets the opening singles match, and then defeated Wally Masur in straight sets the decisive fifth rubber to give India a 3–2 victory. However, in the final against Sweden, India was defeated 5–0 with Krishnan losing two singles matches to Mats Wilander and Anders Järryd and with the Indian team managing to win only one set. Ramesh was a stalwart on India's Davis Cup team from 1977 to 1993, compiling a 29–21 winning record (23–19 in singles and 6–2 in doubles).

At the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona, Ramesh reached the men's doubles quarterfinals partnering Leander Paes.

Ramesh retired from the professional tour in 1993. Over the course of his career, he won eight top-level singles titles and one doubles title; he also won four challenger singles titles (defeating the teenage Andre Agassi in the Schenectady final in 1986). His career-high singles ranking was world No. 23, in January 1985.

In 1998, Ramesh was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in recognition of his achievements and contributions to Indian tennis.

Ramesh runs a tennis academy in Chennai, set up along the lines of similar institutions in the United States. He became India Davis Cup team captain in January 2007.

Career highlights

 * 1979 – Wimbledon and French Open junior singles champion.
 * 1981 – Reached the quarterfinals of the US Open.
 * 1981 – Won his first ATP singles title in Manila.
 * 1986 – Reached the quarterfinals of Wimbledon.
 * 1986 – Won the Japan Open.
 * 1987 – Reached the quarterfinals of 1987 South Australian Open and 1987 Heineken Open in back to back weeks in January.
 * 1987 – Reached the quarterfinals of the US Open.
 * 1987 – Member of the Indian team which reached the final of the Davis Cup. (Krishnan won the decisive singles rubber against Australia in the semifinals. India went on to lose to Sweden in the final.)
 * 1988 – Won the Wellington Open; runner-up in the ATP Auckland Open, Bristol Open and Rye Brook (New York) Open.
 * 1989 – Defeated the then world No. 1, Mats Wilander, in the second round of the Australian Open.
 * 1989 – Won the Auckland Open, reached the quarterfinals of the Schenectady Open and Washington DC Open in back to back weeks in July. He reached the quarterfinals of the 1989 Livingston Open.
 * 1990 – Won the Schenectady Open and reached the semifinals of the 1990 Heineken Open.
 * 1991 – Reached the quarterfinals of the Wellington Open.
 * 1992 – Reached the semifinals of the Singapore Open.
 * 1992 – Reached the quarterfinals of the men's doubles competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona with Leander Paes.

title: Ramesh Krishnan


text: User talk:66.59.238.139

title: User talk:66.59.238.139


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DCLS

DCLS may refer to:
 * Direct Current Level Shift, a modulation type in the IRIG timecode system
 * Dauphin County Library System, in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
 * Doctor of Clinical Laboratory Science, The DCLS is an advanced professional doctorate designed for practicing CLSs who wish to further their level of clinical expertise and to develop leadership and management skills

title: DCLS


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Villanova Preparatory School

Villanova Preparatory School (commonly known as Villanova Prep) is an Augustinian Catholic co-ed day and boarding school in Ojai, California, United States. Sitting on more than 130 acre, the campus contains two dormitories, a chapel, trails, and assorted academic and athletic facilities. Villanova Prep is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles, and is a member of the Augustinian Secondary Education Association. The school offers both day and resident programs and is the only co-ed Augustinian boarding school in the United States.

In 2015-16, Villanova Prep's student enrollment was 265. Boarding students comprised 34% of the student body and represented 14 countries.

History
Villanova Preparatory School was established in 1924 at the request of Archbishop John Cantwell, the first head of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles. The school was founded by Augustinians from Villanova, Pennsylvania who were invited to California to open parishes in the early 1920s.

Academics
Villanova Prep offers a college preparatory curriculum for grades 9–12. In 2015, the school began offering the IB Diploma Programme for its junior and senior students.

Villanova Prep is one of only a few schools, and the only high school, that is a designated Clare Boothe Luce Program recipient. The program encourages young women to enter, study, and teach in the STEM fields. Each year, Clare Boothe Luce Program members participate in educational field trips such as to the Catalina Island Marine Institute and Santa Clara University's School of Engineering Maker Lab. Students also participate in various lecture series, lab tours, workshops, and documentary screenings throughout the year. Additionally, Clare Boothe Luce members lead an annual STEM workshop for middle school students in the region, exploring the areas of environmental science, engineering, coding, robotics, biology, and chemistry.

Student life
In the 2014–15 school year, two-thirds of the student body was day students from throughout Ventura County. There were 90 boarding students representing several countries, primarily in Asia.

A major tradition at Villanova Prep is Wildcat Day, a daylong intramural competition. Held annually since around the late 1970s, the event consists of several "tribes" contesting a series of physical challenges. The exercise is intended to instill in every student the school's core values of "truth, community, and love" while developing the leadership skills of seniors who lead each tribe.

Athletics
Villanova Preparatory School athletic teams are nicknamed the Wildcats. The school is a member of the CIF Southern Section (CIF-SS) and competes in the Tri-County Athletic Association (TCAA).

The Villanova Prep baseball team won a CIF-SS championship in 1961 and the boys basketball team won a CIF-SS championship in 2022

Villanova Prep discontinued its football program in 1974, but in 2001 it was brought back in an eight-man format under head coach and athletic director John Muller. The school switched to the conventional 11-man version in 2004. In only its second year in 11-man, the team went undefeated during the 2005 season and made the CIF playoffs. Villanova Prep returned to eight-man play in 2013.

Villanova Prep defeated Chaffey High School 75-69 in overtime on February 25, 2022 to win its first-ever CIF-Southern Section Boys' Basketball Championship. Villanova Prep was the only Ventura County boys' basketball team to win a CIF-SS championship in 2022.

Notable alumni

 * Colman Andrews (1962), cofounder of Saveur magazine
 * William P. Clark, Jr. (1949), California Supreme Court justice, National Security Advisor to Ronald Reagan (1982–1983), and Secretary of the Interior (1983–1985)
 * John Gavin (1948), actor, president of the Screen Actors Guild, and United States ambassador to Mexico
 * Michael G. Wilson (1956) screenwriter and film producer
 * Steve Hovley (1963), Major League Baseball player, Seattle Pilots/Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland Athletics, Kansas City Royals
 * John Fuller (1980), CEO, Wahlburgers
 * Tara Hernandez (1986), software developer and open source contributor in Silicon Valley

Notable faculty

 * Parry Shen, drama teacher and dormitory staffer; actor, Better Luck Tomorrow

Controversy
In 1998, James Woodstock, a 31-year-old religion and morality teacher, was convicted of statutory rape after impregnating a 16-year-old student. In early 2006, it was discovered that the headmaster had hired a Latin teacher, Shannon McCreery, who had been convicted of second degree murder for assisting in his father's suicide in 1996. Though the headmaster was aware of the conviction, he did not disclose this information to the school's board of directors nor the rest of the staff. Fallout from the incident included McCreery's dismissal and an attempt to oust the headmaster.

title: Villanova Preparatory School


text:
Cathedral Church of All Saints (Milwaukee)

The Cathedral Church of All Saints is the bishop's church of the Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. The current parish is a descendant of a small mission by the Right Reverend Jackson Kemper. It is located in Milwaukee's downtown Yankee Hill neighborhood.

The Gothic Revival church building was designed by E. Townsend Mix, a noted Milwaukee architect, and constructed as Olivet Congregational Church in 1868. The building was sold to the Episcopal diocese in 1871 when the Olivet congregation faced bankruptcy, and was consecrated as a cathedral in 1898. Incense was first used at All Saints Cathedral on Epiphany, 1902.

The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

The cathedral complex, which includes the church, an attached guild hall and nearby bishop's manse, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and was designated a Milwaukee City Landmark in 1973. The tower and steeple, approximately 200 feet tall, houses a bronze bell cast in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1867 one year before the church was built. It measures almost 40 inches in diameter at the mouth, weighs approximately 1,200 pounds and is tuned to an A. Currently, the cathedral is raising money to hang an additional five bells, tuned to F, E-flat, D, C, and B-flat. All bells will be rung by a computerized external striker, and the pre-existing bell can also be swung to ring it. Since renovation in the 1950s the steeple cross is mounted out-of-line with the facade, slightly angled towards Lake Michigan.

In the liturgical "east end" of the sanctuary, elevated on a triple-step dais of white marble, stands the high altar and triptych presented as a memorial gift to the cathedral in 1922 during the tenure of Dean Charles S. Hutchinson. The Sienna marble altar and triptych was designed and built by Eugene W. Mason, Jr. of New York City, and is of Italian Gothic styling. Embossed in the bronze door of the tabernacle is the Agnus Dei, the Lamb of God, signifying the sacrificial nature of the Eucharist. The figures on the predella (just below the center panel) are from the left: Saints Thomas Becket, Joan of Arc, St. Mary the Virgin, Francis of Assisi, and Demetrius of Alexandria.

Most of the stained glass windows in the cathedral were designed and produced in England, most by Lavers, Barraud and Westlake of London. A large rondel window of Christ the King was made by Heaton, Butler and Bayne, also of London.

Today's church features a liturgy in the Anglo-Catholic tradition. The congregation includes around 250 members.


text:
Dave Sifry

Dave Sifry is an American software entrepreneur and blogosphere icon known for founding Technorati in 2004, formerly a leading blog search engine. He also lectures widely on wireless technology and policy, weblogs, and open source software.

Early years
Sifry grew up on Long Island, and learned to program on a Commodore PET. While in his teens, he decided that someday he would move to Silicon Valley and start a company. After studying computer science at Johns Hopkins University, he worked for Mitsubishi.

Career
Sifry cofounded Sputnik, a Wi-Fi gateway company, Linuxcare, and Offbeat Guides.

He has been a founding member of the board of Linux International, and a technical advisor to the National Cybercrime Training Partnership for law enforcement.

Dave worked as a business developer for Mozilla/Mozillamessaging, trying to bring partners to Mozilla Thunderbird.

Personal life
David is married to Noriko and has three kids, Melody, Noah and Shay. Noah is in his local acappella group at UC Davis, The Liquid Hotplates.

Awards

 * 2006 Best Blog Guide – Technorati – Web 2.0 Awards
 * 2006 Best of Show – Technorati – SXSW Awards
 * 2006 Best Technical Achievement – Technorati – SXSW Awards

title: Dave Sifry


text:
Lara, Victoria

Lara is a town in Victoria, 18 km north-east of the Geelong CBD, inland from the Princes Freeway to Melbourne. Its population at the 2021 census was 19,014.

History

Lara and its surrounding surrounding land was occupied for tens of thousands of years before European colonisation by the Wadawurrung people.

The explorers Hume and Hovell arrived at Lara on December 16, 1824, believing that they had reached Westernport Bay. They recorded that the Aboriginals described the bay as Djillong and land as Corayo, suggesting origins for the names of Geelong and Corio.

The area was originally named Kennedy's Creek but was also given several different names, including Duck Ponds, Hovell's Creek, Cheddar, Swindon and Lara Lake. There were no more than a few farms there at that time.

The railway through the town was opened in 1857 along with the local railway station, and several residential subdivisions were then announced. A Post Office opened on 1 March 1858 as Duck Ponds, renamed Hovell's Creek in 1872, and finally Lara in 1884. The population had grown to a few hundred by 1890, and several facilities such as schools and churches were built, although a water supply was not provided until 1947.

In January 1969, 17 people were killed in a bushfire which ravaged Lara. Most of the victims were trapped in or near their cars by a fast-moving grass fire, while travelling on the Princes Highway.

Several scenes from the 1979 feature film, Mad Max, were shot on location around Lara, as well as several scenes from the ABC mockumentary, We Can Be Heroes: Finding The Australian of the Year, in which the town carried the fictional name "Dunt".

On 13 February 2024, a freak storm hit the area, leaving thousands without power. The temperature reached 41 C at about 2 pm, just before a wind gust of 122km/h was recorded at nearby Avalon Airport. During the thunderstorm, the temperature dropped to 25.3 C before briefly rising to 35 C. A cool change arrived at 4 pm.

The town's history is being preserved at the Lara Museum and Historical Centre on the corner of Forest and Canterbury roads. It is housed in an historic property, formerly the Lake Bank Hotel (circa 1860), which was renovated by local businessman, Lino Bisinella, and handed over in 2013 to the community group which runs the museum, Lara Heritage and Historical Inc.

Heritage listed sites
Lara contains a number of heritage listed sites, including:
 * 605 Bacchus Marsh Road, Elcho Homestead
 * Princes Highway, Hume and Hovell Monument
 * 108 Windermere Road, Pirra Homestead

Population
According to the 2021 census, there were 19,014 people in Lara.
 * Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 2.1% of the population.
 * 79.5% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 3.6%, India 1.9%, Philippines 1.7% and New Zealand 1.2%.
 * 80.2% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Punjabi 1.4%, Tagalog 0.9%, Croatian 0.6%, and Italian 0.5%.
 * The most common responses for religion were No Religion 41.5% and Catholic 22.6%.

Geography
Hovell's Creek runs through Lara and ends at Limeburners Bay, a small inlet of Corio Bay. Owing to the poor soils and low runoff inherent in Australian streams, along with the fact the region is the driest in southern Victoria because of the Otway Ranges’ rain shadow (receiving about 425 mm per year), the creek is ephemeral and is not useful as a water source. Granite peaks known as the You Yangs, 4 kilometres north of Lara, rise dramatically to a height of 352m and can be seen from most areas of Geelong.

Education
Lara offers education through its three primary schools; St. Anthony's Primary School, Lara Lake Primary School and Lara Primary School. Lara Secondary College, which accommodates years 7 - 12 and the VCE, opened in 2004. Lara is also home to Avalon College, a school for International Students preparing them for traditional schools.

Industry
On Lara's outskirts are industry parks and two prisons – the maximum security HM Prison Barwon, opened in January 1990, and the medium security Marngoneet Correctional Centre, opened 3 March 2006. The former Pirra Homestead, a home for girls age 13 to 18, part of the Victorian youth welfare system, closed during the 1980s.

Lara is home to St Laurence Park retirement village, which is set on 42 acre of parkland near the centre of the town. It includes 119 fully self-contained units, 17 apartments and a holiday unit. A more recent development on the eastern edge of Lara is Lakeside Lara, "a retirement or over 55's lifestyle community" with more than 200 cottages.

Ford Australia operates a proving grounds for automotive testing and evaluation at the north end of the You Yangs.

Transport
Lara has regular V/Line passenger train services on the Geelong line to Melbourne and Geelong to cater for the many residents who commute to work each day via Lara railway station. Lara has become a popular place to live for those wishing to work in Melbourne and have ties to Geelong. After the extension of Myki ticketing to the Geelong line in 2013, Lara became a Myki Zone 2, 3 & 4 station. Following the introduction of 20-minute off-peak services in 2015, there has been an increase in passenger traffic by train between Geelong and Lara.

Under contract to Public Transport Victoria, CDC Geelong operates bus services in the Lara area on routes 10, 11 and 12, running to and from Lara station. Taxis are also available.

Avalon Airport is nearby but there is no regular public transport from Lara station to the airport terminal.

Amenities
Lara has a post office, two banks, several hairdressers, a barber, a travel agency, a butcher, a greengrocer, a Woolworths supermarket (opened in 2016) and a Coles supermarket. The Coles supermarket opened in December 2014 as part of the town centre expansion on the site of Austin Park, as well as a re-alignment of Waverley Road to create a more spacious site for the supermarket and the re-configuration of the park. There are four real estate agencies and one newsagency. The Lara Library opened in 2011.

There are several eat-in bakery/coffee/cake shops, three Thai restaurants, two Indian restaurants, three pizza shops, three fish-and-chip shops, McDonald's, Subway, three Chinese and noodle shops and other take-aways. There are two petrol stations, one of which is open for business 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

Lodging and entertainment are provided by a pub/hotel, sports club, and a lawn bowls club.

Sport
Lara has an Australian rules football team competing in the Geelong Football League. There are two soccer clubs in Lara: North Geelong Warriors FC play in the National Premier Leagues Victoria 2 and Lara United FC play in division 5 of the Victorian State League. Lara is also home to the Lara Giants Basketball club that was established in 1992 and competes in Geelong United Basketball association. Lara Golf Club (known as Elcho Park Golf Club until 2014) is an 18 hole course and driving range on Elcho Road.

Environmental issues
C&D recycling, a recycling facility on Broderick Road, failed to comply with its permit conditions for several years before going into liquidation in 2019. EPA Victoria estimated that 286,200m3 of waste was stockpiled at the site, creating a high fire risk. The cleaning-up started in September 2019 and ended in June 2022, contractors handling large amounts of timber and soil as well as concrete, bricks, plaster, plastic, glass and ceramics. Soil contaminated with asbestos was also removed. The Victorian state government provided $30 million to the operation in order to minimise fire risk.

title: Lara, Victoria


text:
Talk:Kenneth Waltz

Untitled
The change I made is to differentiate between modern realism, a continuation in many ways of classical realism, and neorealism, a different approach that counts Waltz among its contributors. The primary difference in my understanding is one of how to approach theory. Waltz tried to identify components of a system of IR that allow us to find rules that yield useful information, whereas realism in the traditional sense is based more heavily upon a philosophical stance. -phil

I removed Keohane from the 'other neorealists' list - he is pretty much a self-defined neo-liberal. v --

The primary differences between realism and neorealism are:

1. classical realism uses human nature (animus dominandi) as part of the explanation for political outcomes. Neorealism restricts causal factors to structure (anarchy) and makes no explicit claims on human nature. 2. Realism is a theory of foreign policy, neorealism is a theory of international relations 3. neorealism is much more concerned with epistemology and philosophy of science; it relies on deductive axioms which are then used to produce testable hypotheses; classical realism is both reductionist and inductionist

...there may be more, but these are the main ones...

Needs editting
I removed this text added by Special:Contributions/88.243.66.47. It needs some editting before it can be added to the article.

What has been told about Morgenthau and Carr suggested that they had problems with the natural science type of theory, and built their theory around the basics of human nature and the notion of prudence. They sought to guide their reader in terms of policy making, and even our daily lives. They had a peculiar sense of theory. Theory in the Waltzian sense, is very different from theirs. Waltz regards theory just the way Morgenthau and Carr criticized the rational philosophy -as a conceptual tool that would lift the burden of decision making from the shoulders of the decision maker. Main purpose of IR theory: Explanation and prediction.

Theory explains regularities of behavior and leads one to expect that the outcomes (e.g. war or peace) produced by interacting units (e.g. states or alliances) fall within specified ranges.

Two types of theory: reductionist and systemic. Theories are reductionist or systemic, not according to what they deal with, but how they arrange their material. 1. reductionist: The basic feature of it is to regard international political outcomes in terms of national or subnational elements. There is always a dependent and an independent variable. In a reductionist theory the independent variable is always at the national and subnational level. The international system if considered at all, is merely an outcome. A reductionist theory is about the behavior of parts. They are base on the belief that international political outcomes are determined rather than merely affected by what states are like. Thus, they lead to "inside-out" type of explanations. Waltz cites H. Kissinger's theory that distinguishes btw stable and revolutionary international systems. According to Kissinger, these features are attributed to the system by the actors in it: if there are dissatisfied powers within the system, it becomes revolutionary, prone to change. That internal forces produce external results is the claim of reductionist theories. They lead to circular reasoning: war occurs, because some states are warlike, or some states are warlike because wars occur. If international political outcomes are determined by what states are like, then we must be concerned with and if necessary do something to change the internal dispositions of the internationally important actors. Reductionist explanations concentrate on who is doing what to produce the outcomes. But there are intervening variables in every relationship: the parties themselves plus the dynamics of the relationship itself. The reductionist theories use only the actors as explanatory variables. In order to explain an international event, one needs to account for the interaction of the actors, or the system that determines the interaction.

A system is made of it parts and its structure. The parts (in our case the states) can deliberate units (agents), but they do not make up the system. The structure, or the disposition of units is also a variable that has to be accounted for. When we talk of a bipolar world, the parts are NATO and the WP while structure refers to the way these actors are disposed. There are three ways of defining the structure: 1. the ordering principle according to which the units are posited (hierarchical, anarchic etc). The international system is anarchic. The units are peer among themselves. 2. specification of functions of differentiated units (in an anarchic system, all units can serve the same function, so it is rather irrelevant), and 3. Distribution of capabilities. The latter is the feature that makes the bipolar system a bipolar system. IF the capabilities are redistributed, 2. Systemic Theories: Within a system theory a theory explains recurrences and repetitions not change. For example, none of the parties resorted to nuclear arms, despite the nuclear arms race. This as the recurrent pattern within that system and can be explained by a systemic theory. Across systems, a theory explains change. Example: the transition from bipolar to unipolar system. The distribution of capabilities within the WP changed and thus the system changed. A theory of international politics can succeed only if political structures defined in ways that identify their causal effects and show how those effects vary a structures change. In a systems theory some part of the explanation of behaviors and outcomes is found in the system's structure. How do structures work? Structures limit ad mould agents and agencies, and point them in ways that tend toward a common quality of outcomes even though agents and agencies vary. Systems work through socialization and competition. Agents look at each other to adopt behavior patterns to conform and/or to survive. In an anarchic system, the competition aspects gains predominance. Interacting actors are not just influencing the other. Both are being influenced by the situation their interaction creates. Through their behavior and interaction, actors create a condition that neither can control by individual acts and decisions. Competitive systems are regulated through the rationality of the more successful competitors (personal note: welcome back to the invisible hand). the structure changes as well. Actually, if one of these three principles are changed, the system changes. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Pethr (talk • contribs) 00:45, 28 December 2006 (UTC).

Criticism of Waltz
I simply moved material from the neorealism section and created a new section addressing criticism of Waltz.

Dynamo152 (talk) 07:07, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Kenneth Waltz. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20060216234005/http://mjtier.people.wm.edu:80/intlpolitics/teaching/surveyreport.pdf to http://mjtier.people.wm.edu/intlpolitics/teaching/surveyreport.pdf
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20120512075812/http://www.apsanet.org:80/content_5069.cfm? to http://www.apsanet.org/content_5069.cfm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 21:41, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

nuclear peace
"In 1981, Waltz published a monograph arguing that the proliferation of nuclear weapons would increase the probability of international peace." This severely mischaracterizes the argument. The book argues that some states who have shown themselves to be responsible members of the international community should be able to get nuclear weapons, so they feel completely secure and are threatened into provocation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.187.84.237 (talk) 15:14, 5 September 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kenneth Waltz


text:
Stettler, Alberta

Stettler is a town in east-central Alberta, Canada that is surrounded by the County of Stettler No. 6.

History
Stettler was founded in 1905 and was named after Swiss immigrant Carl Stettler, who also founded a settlement east of the town at Blumenau, as well as being influential in the nearby community of Castor. He also served on the first Town Council of Stettler.

Climate
Stettler experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb).

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Stettler had a population of 5,695 living in 2,384 of its 2,574 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 5,952. With a land area of 13.19 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Stettler recorded a population of 5,952 living in 2,415 of its 2,607 total private dwellings, a NaN% change from its 2011 population of 5,748. With a land area of 13.14 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

The population of the Town of Stettler according to its 2008 municipal census is 5,843.

The median household income in 2005 for Stettler was $56,201, which is below the Alberta provincial average of $63,988.

Attractions

Alberta Prairie Railway Excursions is in Stettler, offering rail tours on a line from Stettler to Big Valley, a 35 km, one-hour trip.

In addition, Stettler has a historic Parrish & Heimbecker grain elevator overlooking the railway tracks. One of the last elevators in Alberta and the only survivor of the three elevators that previously operated in Stettler. It operates as a museum and also houses a 1887 Heeber and Son's Little Giant threshing machine, a 1912 International Harvester hit-and-miss engine called the Beast and a 1940s Ford tractor called Mickey Mouse. All run (including the elevator's "leg") and in 2016 the Little Giant travelled to Winnipeg and joined more than 150 other threshing machines that claimed a Guinness World Records record for the most threshing machines operating simultaneously. The Little Giant had the distinction of being the oldest one there and possibly may be one of the oldest still working threshing machines.

There is also a county museum featuring the original town train station which was moved and other historic buildings.

The Jewel Theatre was built in 1952. The movie theatre was renovated in 2021 to become a 200-seat theatre.

Government
As of 2022, the mayor is Sean Nolls, and the councillors are Cheryl Barros, Kurt Baker, Travis Randell, Gord Lawlor, Scott Pfeiffer, and Wayne Smith.

Education
The town has two schools in the Clearview Public Schools school district: Stettler Elementary School, and William E. Hay Stettler Secondary Campus.

Christ King Catholic School is part of the East Central Catholic School Division.

Notable people

 * Kenn Borek — founder of Kenn Borek Air
 * Robert Raymond Cook — "last man to be hanged in Alberta" after being convicted of the 1959 murder of his family
 * Bob Falkenberg — retired professional hockey player
 * Marie Jean Laing — Canadian politician, NDP MLA (1986–1993)
 * Brian Ogilvie — retired professional hockey player
 * Chester Reynolds — Social Credit Party politician in the Alberta provincial government and grandfather to actor Ryan Reynolds

title: Stettler, Alberta


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics/Collaboration of the Month

for non-mathematicians
A mathematician who wants to look up something related to mathematics is going to go to mathworld.wolfram.com -- which, BTW, needs a Wiki article. For this reason, I think math articles should begin with an introduction for non-mathematicians. That is, the article should NOT begin "Let W be a differentiable manifold... ." I've added "Introduction for non-mathematicians" to several math articles. Others who are confident of their ability to explain mathematics to the intelligent layman may want to do the same. Rick Norwood

 * A mathematician who wants to look up something related to mathematics is going to go to mathworld.wolfram.com"

Not always. Some wikipedia mathematics articles are distinctly superior to their counterparts on mathworld. See for example cumulant, Faa di Bruno's formula, errors and residuals in statistics. Admittedly, I am the principal author of those; that's why they come to mind for me. There are many others. Michael Hardy 01:12, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree that Let W be a manifold ... is a bad first para. It may be a good second para. But I agree with MH about WP as compared to MathWorld. We are for example incorporating material from PlanetMath. Charles Matthews 11:53, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Outdated
This is seriously outdated, someone wants to keep it up to date? else it should be proposed for deletion Elfguy 13:11, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * If I remember I will do this tommorow. It was previously link on the COTWs template which is why it wasn't put under the non-active template. Now that I've linked it to the page I thought we could give it a little while to see if interest grows otherwise it will be placed with other inactvie collaborations. Falphin 01:24, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, these pages don't get vfd, as they are kept for historical interest. Falphin 01:35, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Non-stubby articles
I don't see why the COTW article should exclude non-stubby articles. Many of our existing math articles have a great deal of content, but are nearly impossible to read or use because they are poorly written and/or poorly organized. I have personally been tempted to improve many of these articles but then backed away when I saw how much junk I would have to read through and edit in order to improve the quality of the article. I suspect many other authors feel the same. These articles would greatly benefit from a collabrative effort. I say we should improve our quality before adding more quantity. -- Fropuff 04:42, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)
 * Rules changed; non-stubs allowed should they be very disorganized/just plain bad. ral315 05:23, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * What about getting good articles up to featured status? --MarSch 11:39, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Great idea. Here is a list of articles that have featured standard now, to model other articles on:--Fenice 13:41, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC) Ackermann function · Algorithm · Fractal · Infinite monkey theorem · Margin of error · Prisoner's dilemma · Regular polytope · Sudoku · Trigonometric function

 * Thanks --MarSch 15:56, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Some mathematician articles
Recently I added Nicholas Mercator — I was able to locate precious little information on him, but haven't marked it as a stub because I'm not sure if there is much more to say. I read about him on this excellent page which gives descriptions of many mathematicians we lack articles for:

http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/17thCentury/RouseBall/RB_Math17C.html

I think it'd be cool if we had articles on each of them (but of course remember to not write anything too similar to this page, and find additional material if you can.) Deco 06:29, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Any action?
Shouldn't the new article have been selected by now? I just came across this CoTW, and it seems interesting, so I'd like to get involved. Apparently not too many people are paying attention to it? I don't want to change the page without discussing it since I haven't been involved in this project and could be missing something, but I'll go ahead and do it in accordance with the posted rules tomorrow, unless someone posts telling me why it hasn't been changed. -- Zarvok 08:30, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Action taken
Well, I changed everything over to Tensor, which won the tie at 3 votes by being the first to have been nominated. I tried to update all the pages that needed to be changed to reflect this, but may have missed some, who knows. I only gave the article a week and 2 days so that we can keep the rollovers on a monday, which seems to make sense. (Also because it seems to me that picking big unwieldly articles instead of small articles to which it is easier to add info and make big changes seems silly in the early phases of the math cotw project). At any rate, hopefully I applied the rules correctly and changed everything I needed to. Let's fix up this article! Zarvok | Talk 08:52, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * unfortunately tensor is closely linked to several other articles and is the unwieldiest mess I've found. --MarSch 11:41, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Votes
being that this is being relaunched, so the number of votes to keep the artical around be reduced to 3 until this becomes more popular? --ZeWrestler 20:25, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I would say. At the rate this one is going it will be under the historical category in a week. Falphin 21:58, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Weekly or fortnightly?
I see that it returned to a weekly schedule. Why? I don't think this is a very good idea as this collaboration is attracting few contributors at the moment. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 21:10, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, it's possible to become fortnightly, but title change will be necessary by then. De ryc  k C.  02:39, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm seeking more opinions about the 7 or 14 days issue. De ryc  k C.  12:17, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Dead
Is the Mathematics Collaboration of the Week dead? If no-one objects I'd like to get it up and running. I think it's a really nice feature. If nobody responds in a few days I think I'll take it upon myself to get things moving, but I assume somebody else used to be in charge of this?

Meekohi 15:40, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd be happy if you revived this. I am sure there are many people who are interested, and I think we need a Mathematics Collaboration (even though I myself probably won't contribute much text).--Fenice 17:10, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, this page is long since dead. Multiple comparisons has been the COTW since 18 September 2005. User:Ral315 started this page together with Portal:Mathematics, but he appears to have abandonded both long ago. I recently took over the maintenance of the portal page, but I haven't had the ambition to do anything with this page. It appears that User:Deryck Chan was the last person taking any sort of responsibility for this page. You could ask him if he has any intentions to do anything here. But as far as I'm concerned, you are more than welcome to take over. -- Fropuff 17:14, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

MathsCOTW: Put on article/talk page?
It seems to me that putting on the main article page is more sensible and visible. Any opinions for/against changing the rule that it should be put on the talk page instead? Meekohi 15:19, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The main point is that the article page should be just that: an article, not a place for discussing editing issues. See Avoid self-references. The talk page is the appropriate place for listing editing notices such as . Yes, it is less visible there, but I think that's the way it has to be. -- Fropuff 15:39, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The issue has been raised again by Oleg Alexandrov on Wikipedia talk:Collaborations. You might be interested in taking part. Pruneau 00:35, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Version 1.0 core topics
Hello. I'm part of Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Core topics working toward a release version of Wikipedia (on paper or CD).

If you're interested in helping, these are some related articles we plan to include:
 * Mathematics
 * Algebra
 * Arithmetic
 * Geometry
 * Trigonometry
 * Calculus
 * Statistics

If you think any of these are ready, please let us know. You can see our proposed initial quality standards or learn more about the overall project.

Thanks. Maurreen 04:18, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Biography
Let us know if you happen to pick an article on a person and we'll alert our members! plange 06:00, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

A suggestion
I believe that MCOTW should be done monthly (or possibly even bimonthly) because of the very few contributors. False discovery rate has been MCOTW for over a month now!!! Sr13 20:38, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

 * That's a good idea. I also think more people would be attracted if they thought there was more time.  --C S (Talk) 13:31, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Page title
I support the change from colaboration of the week to colaboration of the month. However I think that it should have a fuller name Mathematics Collaboration of the Month or Mathematics Collaboration with WP:MATHCOTM as a redirect. As I understand it the WP: suffix is a virtual namespace restricted to redirects to pages in the Wikipedia: namespace. Technically this page is still in the (Main) name space. It might also be looking at Help:Moving a page as its probably better move the page using the move tab than a cut and past move, which does preserve the edit history. --Salix alba (talk) 08:16, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Sorry, new here;), but it's fixed now I think.--Cronholm144 08:45, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Nice one, it does take a bit of time to get use to all the wikipedia conventions. --Salix alba (talk) 08:59, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Collaboration of the Month?
Methinks that its been far more than a month. It seems more like Collaboration of the Half-Year. -- p b r ok s 1 3 talk? 05:30, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

The current one is group (mathematics) which started in October. but a lot of people seem to be working hard on it in the past weeks. I think it's better to change the name of the project to "Mathematics Collaboration of the Moment" or "Current Mathematics Collaboration". --C S (talk) 02:32, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Or perhaps it's better to keep changing the collaboration each month (or quarterly if that's better) so as to bring big improvements to more math pages. If one changed the collaboration right now, people who had been extensively contributing to the group theory article would probably still maintain their interest in improving that article over time, while the other participants of this project, some of whom probably weren't working on the group theory project or have decided they've contributed all they can to that article, could move on to a new article. Most articles need at least some improvements that require just some attention not necessarily in-depth knowledge. If people knew that there would be a new collaboration each month, maybe they'd show up to this page at the end of each month to vote for the article they're most interested in. Basically, I think that even motivated people need outside motivation sometimes, and there's nothing like a deadline to motivate (and I'm speaking here about motivating people to make a decision on the next collaboration). RobHar (talk) 15:49, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

 * This sounds good in theory...but I note it's now going on two months on the latest COTM. I don't think there's enough interest or motivation to sustain a new collaboration every month.  --C S (talk) 09:33, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

 * That may be true, but I'm not sure that it can be deduced from the present situation. The previous COTM went on for like 9 months, and then was changed to a new collaboration of which I've basically been the sole contributor. So really the evidence suggests more like there's not enough interest or motivation to have any new collaboration at all (I think there were still some participants on the Groups article (they're bringing it to featured article), and maybe no one was interested in Algebraic number theory, so that could explain that). But I don't think the recent experiences say anything about a new collaboration each month. Perhaps the stated goals of the COTM are too daunting "to have a featured-standard article by the end of the month". There are a lot of math articles out there that could really use any sort of help, especially collaborative, and maybe we could redirect the aim of the COTM to simply be improve the articles quality as much as possible during the month. Also, you seem to say my previous suggestion was good in theory, but then didn't amount to anything. But actually it was never implemented. So, I think that either we can assume people aren't interested or motivated, or we can contact the people that have signed up as participants and ask them what they think about my two suggestions (1. Make the COTM change every month, 2. Change its stated goal to simply improving as much as possible during the month.) and if they have any suggestions of their own on what might make them and others participate. Thoughts? RobHar (talk) 15:26, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I think it is important to have reasonable goals (FA is way too much in a month, even GA is quite a challenge in that time). Also, it is important to check the challenges that will show up beforehand. It may also be a good idea to ask people what the can/want to contribute, both in terms of time and content. It seems a common problem that people would like to have an article improved, but not by themselves. The COTM page should gather willingness to contribute, not so much wishful thinking of what could be done. (I'm sorry I could not contribute to number theory, even if I supported the nomination, but as Rob I'm pretty much on my own with the group topic). Finally, any collaboration that actually happens might wanna report its little steps to the WPM round table. This could interest other people at a more advanced stage of the undertaking. Jakob.scholbach (talk) 15:37, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Some good points. In view of your penultimate point, perhaps we should say that voting for the new COTM should not be done based on which article deserves it more, but rather should be a statement of which article the voter is willing to contribute to (as opposed to now, where it is merely mentioned that one "should" contribute). To view the voting more as a sign-up sheet, then a voting procedure. Then when a nomination reaches a critical mass, it can be promoted (as long as the previous collaboration has been going long enough), and the people signed-up can be contacted to kick in gear. RobHar (talk) 16:22, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

End Group!
I am tired of waiting for someone to change the cotm. I am changing it to algebraic number theory. If anyone has troubles with this, post below and I will change the article back. Indeed123 (talk) 21:20, 21 July 2008 (UTC)


text: User talk:69.201.53.204

title: User talk:69.201.53.204


text:
SAI KZ III

The SAI KZ III Lærke ("lark") was a Danish light utility aircraft used by the Danish Air Ambulance Service and Danish Air Force.

The first KIII was built during the German occupation of Denmark and first flew on 11 September 1944. With German permission it was transferred to the Redningskorpset (Rescue Service). A second war-time example was smuggled to Sweden. The two wartime aircraft had 90 hp Gipsy Minor I engines.

The KIII had a high wing braced by V-struts to the lower fuselage. Its fuselage had a steel tube structure and, like the rest of the aircraft, had fabric covering. Its two front seats shared dual controls. Slotted flaps and fixed, full span slots provided a gentle stall.

64 were built post-war with 100 hp Blackburn Cirrus Minor II engines. Many of these went to flying clubs, mostly in Denmark but with sales to several near-by countries. A few went further, one to Singapore and another to India, where its airframe still survives.

Civil operators

 * Danish Air Ambulance Service
 * Danish Air Ambulance Service

Military operators

 * 🇩🇰 Denmark
 * Royal Danish Air Force.

title: SAI KZ III


text: Category:Welsh explorers

title: Category:Welsh explorers


text:
Sixth Form Certificate

Sixth Form Certificate was a New Zealand secondary school qualification gained at the end of Year 12 (Form 6) that was awarded until 2002. The system was assessed internally.

Sixth Form Certificate was originally developed to allow schools to provide a more comprehensive range of courses than was available from University Entrance subjects. Sixth Form Certificate was internally assessed by schools. Students were awarded "1" for "an excellent level of achievement" in a subject down to "9" for low levels of achievement. The amount of 1s, 2s, 3s etc. available for allocation to students were based on the school's previous year's School Certificate results and were not transferred if a student changed schools. These grades were then allocated to the students. A Grade 5 was considered a minimum pass at Sixth Form level while a Grade 6 or 7 was the equivalent of a School Certificate level pass in that subject. The pre-allocation of grades available meant that the quality of teaching had no bearing on the overall results of a class.

The grades were allocated as follows:

Sixth Form Certificate has been replaced by the National Certificate of Educational Achievement at level 2.

title: Sixth Form Certificate


text: Category:English archaeologists

title: Category:English archaeologists


text:
Florante at Laura

Florante at Laura is an 1838 awit written by Tagalog poet Francisco Balagtas. The story was dedicated to his former sweetheart María Asunción Rivera, whom he nicknamed "M.A.R." and Selya in Kay Selya ("For Celia").

The story is loosely based on Balagtas' own biography. He wrote the epic during his imprisonment in Manila in c. 1835.

Form
Florante at Laura is written as an awit, meaning "song", but it also refers to a standard poetic format with the following characteristics:
 * 1) four lines per stanza; quatrain
 * 2) twelve syllables per line;
 * 3) an assonantal rhyme scheme of AAAA (as described by José Rizal in Tagalische Verskunst);
 * 4) a caesura or pause after the sixth syllable;
 * 5) a complete, grammatically correct sentence and a figure of speech for each stanza

Florante
The son of a princess and a royal adviser, Florante was loved and taken care of. When he was a baby, he was almost captured by a vulture that entered in their mountain cottage. He was saved by his cousin Menalipo, an archer from Epirus.

At 11 years old, Florante's parents, Duke Briseo and Princess Floresca, sent him to Athens, Greece, to study under Antenor, a renowned teacher. There, he meets Adolfo, the brightest student in their school. After six years of studying Astrology, Philosophy and Mathematics, Florante surpassed Adolfo's capabilities, talents, and intelligence, gaining popularity. While performing during a school contest, Adolfo attempts to kill Florante due to jealousy. Florante's friend, Menandro, was quick enough to save Florante, thus causing Adolfo to head home to Albania.

Two months later, Florante receives ten carriages along with a second letter from his father telling him to return to Albania. Menandro, unwilling to be separated from Florante and gaining permission to travel by his uncle Antenor, accompanied him on his journey. Upon their arrival to Albania, an emissary of the kingdom of Crotona requested Albania's assistance in the upcoming war against the Persians; Florante accepts to be the general that would help Crotona. In Albania, Florante falls in love with Laura, the daughter of King Linceo, completely forgetting about the war.

Helping Crotona, Florante fights against the Persian general Osmalik for five hours, finally slaying him in the end. He stays in Crotona for five months before returning to Albania to see Laura, where he sees a Persian flag waving atop the kingdom. He saves Laura from being beheaded from the hands of Emir, later recapturing the palace and saving his father, the King, and Count Adolfo; Florante is declared "Defender of Albania" for his bravery, deepening Adolfo's envy and hatred.

Florante protects the kingdom from the Turkish forces under General Miramolin, an acclaimed conqueror. In Aetolia, Florante later receives a letter from King Linceo, requesting him to come back to Albania. Upon returning, he is ambushed by 30,000 soldiers under Adolfo's orders and is imprisoned for 18 days. In prison, he learns his father and the king were beheaded by Adolfo. Florante is exiled to the forest and is tied to a tree for two days.

Aladin
After Florante finishes his story, Aladin introduces himself as Prince Aladin of the Persian kingdom and the son of Sultan Ali-Adab.

While walking through the forest, Aladin speaks about his lover, Flerida, whom his father also desired. After Aladin returns home from invading Albania, Ali-Adab imprisons him by claiming Aladin abandoned his troops, resulting in Aladin getting ordered decapitated. When his father knew that the kingdom was taken away by Florante again, he was sentenced to beheaded in jail. Aladin is eventually released by a general on Ali-Adab's orders, but Aladin is banished and may never enter the kingdom.That was because of his beloved Flerida. Flerida knew that Aladdin would get beheaded so she begged Sultan Ali Adab to forgive him. Sultan then asks her to marry him and Flerida agreed. Aladin roams around the forest, hears Florante, and finds him tied to a tree; he saves Florante from two lions and nurses him back to health.

Reunion and peace
Aladin's speech is interrupted when he and Florante hear voices. A woman, Flerida, tells her companion that her beloved was about to be beheaded. She pleads with tears to the king to forgive his son; the king answers that he will not forgive his son unless she accepts his proposal of marriage. She escapes from the marriage, later searching for her beloved. Flerida shares with her that she used the bow and arrow she carries to kill Adolfo in the forest, who was about to rape a woman, later revealed to be the woman she is speaking to-Laura.

Florante and Aladin reunite with their loved ones, Laura and Flerida. After they reunite, Laura tells her story: While Laura's lover was away at war, Adolfo made rumours, which causes the Albanians to overthrow the king. Adolfo rises to the throne, forcing Laura to be his queen. An army under Menandro, Florante's childhood friend, was able to overthrow Adolfo from power. Now hopeless, Adolfo flees into the woods with Laura.

Florante, Laura, Aladin, Flerida, and Menandro return to Albania. Florante and Laura as well as Aladin and Flerida marry, with the first couple rising up as king and queen. Aladin and Flerida return to Persia where they become king and queen.

Legacy
The epic has its unique distinction of being the only poem in the country that has not gone out of publication since its initial release.

The play adaption of Florante at Laura is part of the Philippine high school curriculum.

An unedited reading performance of the Florante at Laura in North America was mounted by the Philippine Heritage Council of Manitoba on June 10, 2023, for Philippine Heritage Month celebrations in Canada. The performance was a novel interpretation of the 1838 epic, combining theatrical staging and choreography.

Characters

 * Florante – defender of Albania; son of Duke Briseo and Princess Floresca
 * Laura – daughter of King Linceo of Albania; Florante's lover
 * Aladin – son of Sultan Ali-Adab of Persia; Muslim who saves and helps Florante
 * Flerida – lover of Aladin who is forcibly being taken by his father Sultan Ali-Adab
 * King Linceo – Laura's father and king of Albania
 * Sultan Ali-Adab – Aladin's father and sultan of Persia
 * Princessa Floresca – Florante's mother and princess of Crotona
 * Duke Briseo – Florante's father and King Linceo's royal adviser
 * Konde Adolfo – Florante's rival, called "mapagbalat-kayo" (disguise); hates Florante
 * Konde Sileno – Adolfo's father
 * Menalipo – Florante's cousin; saves young Florante from a vulture
 * Menandro – Florante's close friend and Antenor's nephew; saves Florante from Adolfo
 * Antenor – Florante's teacher from Athens
 * Emir – Muslim who fails to murder Florante
 * General Osmalik – Persian general who fought in Crotona
 * General Miramolin – general from Turkey

title: Florante at Laura


text:
Maura Law

Maura Law may refer to two different decrees named after Don Antonio Maura, the Spanish minister of colonies at the time.

The first decree, the royal decree of May 19, 1893, was a law that laid the basic foundations for municipal government in the Philippines. It was put into effect starting in 1895. The Maura Law established tribunales, municipales and juntas provinciales. These foundations laid by the Maura Law were later adopted, revised, and strengthened by the American and Filipino governments that succeeded Spanish rule in the country.

The second decree, the royal decree of February 13, 1894, was known as the Maura Act and grew out of a proposal made in the 1820s by Manuel Bernaldez, a long-serving colonial official. To reduce controversy and litigation over land ownership, Bernaldez had called for Spain to require landowners to acquire official documentation of their land ownership. The Maura Act laid the basic foundations for municipal government in the Philippines, and was put into effect starting in 1895.

The preamble of the Maura Act declared that it would "insure to the natives, in the future, whenever it may be possible, the necessary land for cultivation, in accordance with traditional usages." However, it declared any titles issued after April 17, 1895, to have "no force and effect", established a one-year period for documentation of land title applications, with no extensions allowed, and with undocumented lands reverting to the state. Any claim to such lands by those who might have applied for adjustment of the same but have not done so at the above-mentioned date, will not avail themselves in any way nor at any time." Those who had pending applications for titles were given one year upon its publication in the Gaceta de Manila (e.g. Volume No. 106 on April 17, 1894) to secure their documentation. No extensions were made, and any paper titles issued after April 17, 1895, were deemed to have no force and effect.

title: Maura Law


text:
The Herd

The Herd may refer to:

Film and radio

 * The Herd (1978 film), a 1978 Turkish film
 * The Herd (1998 film), a 1998 Canadian film
 * The Herd with Colin Cowherd, an FS1 and Fox Sports Radio program

Music

 * The Herd (Australian band), a hip-hop group from the suburbs of Sydney, Australia
 * The Herd (The Herd album), 2001
 * The Herd (British band), the 1960s UK band that launched Peter Frampton's career
 * The Herd (Wipers album), 1996

Sports

 * Marshall Thundering Herd
 * "The Herd", a nickname of the Buffalo Bisons baseball team
 * The Herd (hooligan firm), a group of English football hooligans associated with Arsenal F.C.

Other

 * "The Herd", a Vietnam War-era nickname of United States Army 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team
 * "the herd", a commonly used phrase in the book The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (1907) by H. L. Mencken
 * Herd of Sheffield, a public art trail in Sheffield, UK

title: The Herd


text:
Blanket octopus

Tremoctopus is a genus of pelagic cephalopods, containing four species that occupy surface to mid-waters in subtropical and tropical oceans. They are commonly known as blanket octopuses, in reference to the long, transparent webs that connect the dorsal and dorsolateral arms of the adult females. The other arms are much shorter and lack webbing.

Description
The common blanket octopus (Tremoctopus violaceus) exhibits one of the most extreme sexual size-dimorphism known in any animal near its size or larger. Females may reach 2 m in length, whereas the males are 2.4 cm (1 inch). The weight ratio is at least 10,000:1, and can probably reach as much as 40,000:1. The males have a large arm in a spherical pouch modified for mating, known as a hectocotylus. During mating, this arm is detached, and kept by the female in her mantle cavity until used for fertilisation. The male almost certainly dies shortly after mating. There is competition between the males; multiple male arms have been found in the mantle cavity of females. The females carry more than 100,000 eggs attached to a sausage-shaped calcareous secretion held at the base of the dorsal arms and carried by the female until hatching.

Blanket octopuses are immune to the venomous Portuguese man o' war, whose tentacles the male and immature females rip off and use for offensive and defensive purposes. Like many other octopuses, the blanket octopus uses ink to intimidate potential predators. Also, when threatened, the female unfurls her large net-like membranes that spread out and billow in the water, greatly increasing her apparent size.

Blanket octopuses usually live in coral reefs, where they hunt for food, which consists of small fish. They also hide from their predators there, including larger fish and even whales. The risks these reefs face include coral bleaching and ocean acidification. Although this can be dangerous to the Blanket Octopus because it is their habitat, these creatures are nomadic meaning they can move around and find shelter elsewhere, and they also have the capability to adjust to varying temperatures within the ocean.

Species

 * Tremoctopus gelatus, gelatinous blanket octopus
 * Tremoctopus robsonianus
 * Tremoctopus gracilis, palmate octopus
 * Tremoctopus violaceus, common blanket octopus or violet blanket octopus

title: Blanket octopus


text:
Harbord

Harbord may refer to:

People

 * Harbord Harbord (1675?–1742), English landowner and Member of Parliament born Harbord Cropley
 * Harbord Harbord, 1st Baron Suffield (1734–1810), British landowner and Member of Parliament
 * Arthur Harbord (1865–1941), British politician
 * Carl Harbord (1908–1958), English actor
 * Charles Harbord, 5th Baron Suffield (1830–1914), British courtier and politician
 * Charles Harbord, 6th Baron Suffield (1855–1924), British Army officer and politician
 * Cyril Harbord (1873–1958), British Indian Army brigadier-general
 * Edward Harbord, 3rd Baron Suffield (1781–1835), British politician, anti-slavery campaigner and prison reformer
 * Edward Harbord, 4th Baron Suffield (1813–1853), son of the 3rd baron
 * Jacqueline Harbord (born 1944), British former figure skater and 1962 national champion
 * James Harbord (1866–1947), US Army lieutenant general and business executive
 * John Harbord (1812–1896), English Anglican priest and author
 * William Harbord (politician) (1635–1692), English Member of Parliament and diplomat
 * Sir William Harbord, 1st Baronet (c. 1696–1770), English landowner and Member of Parliament
 * William Harbord, 2nd Baron Suffield (1766–1821), English cricketer
 * William Harbord (cricketer) (1908–1992), English cricketer

Other uses

 * Former name of Freshwater, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, Australia
 * Harbord Glacier, Victoria Land, Antarctica
 * Harbord Collegiate Institute, a secondary school in Toronto, Canada
 * Harbord Street, Toronto, Canada - see Harbord Street Bridge

title: Harbord


text:
Michael Billington (actor)

Michael Billington (24 December 1941 – 3 June 2005) was a British film and television actor. He was born in Blackburn, Lancashire, England.

Television
In 1966 Billington appeared in Incident at Vichy at the Phoenix Theatre in London, but was best known for his role as Colonel Paul Foster in the 1970 science fiction TV series UFO and for creating the character of Daniel Fogarty from 1971 to 1974 in the historical drama The Onedin Line. He also appeared as Sergeant Jacko Jackson of the Royal Wessex Rangers in the series Spearhead and as Czar Nicholas II in the ITV drama series Edward the Seventh (1975). He played gangster John Coogan in one episode ("The Rack") of The Professionals.

Billington lived in the U.S. from around 1979 until 1985. Although he had some good roles, notably as Count Louis Dardinay in The Quest (1982), he did not reach the same level of success as he had in Britain. Billington's last major TV role came in the 1986 BBC drama The Collectors, but his final appearance was in an episode of early 1990s TV series Maigret as a villain.

Film
He was screen-tested for the role of James Bond more than any other actor, and was said to have been Albert R. Broccoli's first choice had Roger Moore not been available (see: 1981's For Your Eyes Only). Billington did a photo shoot for On Her Majesty's Secret Service, and met the film's director Peter Hunt. He was also screen-tested for Live and Let Die (1973), Moonraker (1979) and Octopussy (1983). His one Bond screen appearance was in the pre-title sequence of 1977's The Spy Who Loved Me, playing Agent XXX's ill-fated lover, Sergei Barsov. His other film credits included Alfred the Great (1969) and KGB: The Secret War (1985).

Personal life and death
Billington was married to Katherine Kristoff (1956-1998) from 1988 to 1998. They had a son, Michael.

Michael Billington died of cancer on 3 June 2005, at the age of 63.

title: Michael Billington (actor)


text:
VF-133

VF-133 or Fighting Squadron 133 was a United States Navy fighter aircraft squadron. It was created in 1948 during the reorganization of CAG 13 in which VF-13A became VF-131, VF-14 became VF-132, VF-133 was commissioned, VA-13A became VA-134, and VA-14A became VA-135.

Most of VF 133's plank owners came from the two VA squadrons. VA-13A pilots had transitioned from the Curtiss SB2C-5 Helldiver to the Vought F4U Corsair, and when transferred to VF-133, had to learn the Grumman F8F-1 Bearcat on the job. VA-14 pilots transitioned from Gruuman TBM-4 Avengers to F4U Corsairss.

title: VF-133


text: User talk:68.99.196.75

title: User talk:68.99.196.75