text:
Marchetto da Padova

Marchetto da Padova (Marchettus of Padua; fl. 1305 – 1319) was an Italian music theorist and composer of the late medieval era. His innovations in notation of time-values were fundamental to the music of the Italian ars nova, as was his work on defining the modes and refining tuning. In addition, he was the first music theorist to discuss chromaticism.

Life
Most likely he was born in Padua. Little is known about his life, but he is recorded as being music teacher for the choirboys at the cathedral in Padua in 1305 and 1306, and he left Padua in 1308 to work in other cities in the Veneto and the Romagna. His two major treatises seem to have been written between 1317 and 1319, shortly before Philippe de Vitry produced his Ars nova (c. 1322), which gave its name to the music of the age. Marchetto indicated in the treatises themselves that he wrote them at Cesena and Verona. There are no other reliable records of his life, although his fame was evidently widespread, and his work became hugely influential later in the 14th century.

Music
Only three motets have been reliably attributed to Marchetto, one of them due to his name appearing as an acrostic in the text for one of the parts (Ave regina celorum/Mater innocencie). Based on another acrostic in the same motet, it seems it was composed for the dedication of the Scrovegni Chapel (also known as the Arena Chapel) in Padua on March 25, 1305.

Writings and influence
Marchetto published two major treatises, the Lucidarium in arte musice plane (probably in 1317–1318), and the Pomerium in arte musice mensurate (probably 1318). He also published an abridged version of the Pomerium as the Brevis compilatio, though the date of this is not known. He stated in the Pomerium that he wrote it while staying at the house of Raynaldus de Cintis in Cesena, who was lord of the city from 1321 to 1326, however most scholars believe that the Pomerium was written in 1318.

The meanings of the two titles are: lucidarium, an encyclopaedic clarification and pomerium, the verge or enclosure around the orchard of Rome.

Precise dating of his work has been important to musicology because of the controversy over whether he was influenced by the innovations of the French ars nova, as written by Philippe de Vitry and Jean de Muris in the 1320s, or whether the influence went the other way. Most likely Marchetto's work was first, although he was well aware of the French practice – which, like most innovations in music before the 20th century, was only discussed in writing years after the actual musical innovation took place. All of the treatises except for the abridged version are in a heavily scholastic framework, and were almost certainly collections of oral teachings.

Marchetto's innovations are in three areas: tuning, chromaticism, and notation of time-values. He was the first medieval writer to propose dividing the whole tone into more than two parts. A semitone could consist of one, two, three, or four of these parts, depending on whether it was, respectively, a diesis, an enharmonic semitone, a diatonic semitone, or a chromatic semitone. Marchetto preferred to widen major intervals and narrow minor ones for melodic effect, the opposite of what the later meantone temperament does. The exact size of the major sixth he described is the subject of some disagreement, but was considered by George Secor to be 12:7 (933 cents).

In the area of time values, Marchetto improved on the old Franconian system of notation; music notation was by this time evolving into the method known today where an individual symbol represented a specific time-value, and Marchetto contributed to this trend by developing a method of compound time division, and by assigning specific note shapes to specific time values.

Additionally, Marchetto discussed the rhythmic modes, an old rhythmic notation method from the 13th-century ars antiqua, and added four "imperfect" modes to the existing five "perfect" modes, thus allowing for the contemporary Italian practice of mixed, flexible and expressive rhythmic performance.

The Lucidarium also included one of the earliest texts addressing the relationship between composer –  Marchetto used the word musician, borrowing from Boethius's definition in De institutione musica libri quinque  –  and performer. He set a distinct hierarchy, defining the "musician" or composer as the artist making judgements in accordance with his learned knowledge, while describing the singer as the instrument on which the musician performs, and likening their relationship to that of the judge and the crier.

Marchetto's treatises were hugely influential in the 14th and early 15th centuries, and were widely copied and disseminated. The Rossi Codex, which is the earliest surviving source of secular Italian polyphony and which contains music written between 1325 and 1355, shows obvious influence of Marchetto, especially in its use of his notational improvements.

Without the innovations of Marchetto, the music of the Italian Trecento – for example the secular music of Landini – would not have been possible.

References and further reading

 * The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol.  London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.  ISBN 1-56159-174-2
 * Richard H. Hoppin, Medieval Music. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1978.  ISBN 0-393-09090-6
 * Jan Herlinger: "Marchetto da Padova", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed February 28, 2005), (subscription access)
 * Jay Rahn: Practical Aspects of Marchetto's Tuning. Music Theory Online: The Online Journal of the Society for Music Theory. vol. 4, no. 6, 1998. (Accessed January 3, 2006)
 * Margo Schulter: "Xenharmonic Excursion to Padua, 1318:Marchettus, the cadential diesis, and neo-Gothic tunings"
 * Joseph L.monzo: "Speculations on Marchetto of Padua's fifth-Tones"
 * Karol Berger: "Musica Ficta. Theories of accidental inflexions in vocal polyphony from Marchetto da Padova to Gioseffo Zarlino", Cambridge University Press, 1987, especially pp. 22–9, 86-87, 141-3.

title: Marchetto da Padova


text: User talk:67.180.49.186

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:67.180.49.186


text:
JBL (disambiguation)

JBL is an American audio electronics company.

JBL may refer also to:

People

 * J. B. L. Reyes (1902–1994), Filipino jurist
 * JBL, ring name of John Layfield (John "Bradshaw" Layfield; born 1966), American professional wrestler

Other uses

 * Deportivo JBL del Zulia, a football club based in Maracaibo, Venezuela
 * Japan Basketball League
 * Journal of Biblical Literature
 * The ticker symbol of Jabil

title: JBL (disambiguation)


text:
Category:Comarcas of Spain

The Comarcas of Spain are the third tier subdivisions of Spain:

 * 1st tier: Autonomous communities
 * 2nd tier: Provinces
 * 3rd tier: Comarcas
 * 4th tier: Municipios (municipalities)

title: Category:Comarcas of Spain


text:
Talk:Monkeys and apes in space

Died soon after landing
What are the reasons for the deaths shortly after landing? Injuries from a bad landing? Shock? --81.178.135.207 01:15, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Gordo
I've added what should be enough content to the page on Gordo to warrant its own page. I feel that adding this information to this summary page would do more harm then good. Unless anyone has an issue with it I'll remove the merge tag GreatGodOm 18:26, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

 * That's fine. Can you do a fact check on it? Check out earlier revisions and you'll notice the article creator claiming that the monkey actually faked the crash and defected to the Soviets. :) I hold the entire article suspect. ccwaters 19:07, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I've placed three sources at the bottom of the page which should be accurate enough. All the facts, as they are now, are sourced GreatGodOm 16:41, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

primate
Primates are monkeys, chimpanzees are primates... I removed the Not Monkeys part where it says "they were chimpanzees" please read the Primate page for clarifation if needed. Maybe we should rename the page "Primates in space"? I think it would be more accurate... we could have monkeys in space redirect... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 212.158.133.194 (talk) 11:02, 29 January 2007 (UTC). *or even "lesser Primates in space"? Well, technically, humans are primates, so that title probably belongs somewhere else. Lokicarbis (talk) 14:29, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

Actions in Space
Were any of the monkeys trained to do anything, for example, hit a button if a light comes on, or were they all just passive passengers?

More information is necessary on how the monkeys were trained, verbal commands? Pavlov training? electrical shock? radio transmissions on altering frequencies? sound response, etc.? am_curiousity2000 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.168.182.192 (talk) 03:34, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

Biased
The last line of the Soviet/Russian section is clearly biased and has no factual basis. It is in stark contrast to the Wikipedia article on Soviet Space Dogs which uses facts and references to show a higher survival rate in their programs. It hsould be removed.

76.168.248.13 06:46, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

"Philippine monkeys"
Patricia and Mike from the 1952 Aerobee flights were "Philippine macaques". The only macaque of the Philippines is Macaca fascicularis. The term "cynomolgus" applies to the same species. I'll fix the article accordingly. --Cam (talk) 05:46, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

Argentina
This section is problematic. I found a reference that it seems to be based on: but I cannot judge the reliability of this source. The section is filled with rocket types and monkey species unknown to Wikipedia and rocket launch dates unknown to Encyclopedia Astronautica. Perhaps the section was badly translated (the monkey type may be a cebus species). Anyone have any further sources for this? Did any of these flights actually reach 100km? Rmhermen (talk) 21:41, 9 March 2009 (UTC)
 * This may be the original and more reliable source: but, while they are almost exact copies, the first claims the first claims that the first Argentine monkey flight reached a height of 60 km and a total flight time of 8 min while this second source says it only went to 30 km but took 21 minutes total. Rmhermen (talk) 21:59, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

Rmhermen: one of the actual scientists involved in the experiment counts as a credible source for this article. If it pleases you to know it was with Pentagon and NASA approval, since one of the former NASA chiefs under Eisenhower visited the Arg. program. That "perhaps" can be vertically inserted in your office chair perhaps? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.204.254.71 (talk) 16:17, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
 * We have multiple published sources which give multiple altitudes. How are you determining which is the correct one? Why for instance does the newspaper in the background of the video you link twice say altitude of 70 km? Rmhermen (talk) 19:46, 5 April 2013 (UTC)

Also, this section seems to define the edge of space as somewhere between 62 and 82km, while elsewhere the article states that 100km is the edge of space. Is someone getting km confused with miles? GoldenRing (talk) 12:36, 14 June 2013 (UTC)
 * This article uses the international 100 km definition but may refer to the earlier 50 mile definition in some places. Rmhermen (talk) 15:04, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

Last comment
I see a little bit of wiki graffiti at the end of the article - "monkeys have long tails" - but can't see it in the source code to remove it, not being a wiki expert this is the edge of my understanding so can't fix it... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.227.79.25 (talk) 15:43, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

"Albert" V2 flights -- was death on impact planned or an accident?
The United States section mentions that of the four "Albert" V2 flights, two monkeys died during the flight and the other two died on impact. The suffocation and explosion were presumably accidents, but what about the impacts? Did parachutes malfunction, or where they not even installed? -- 124.157.218.5 (talk) 11:36, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Updated. Both parachute failures. Rmhermen (talk) 17:17, 22 April 2011 (UTC)

"Able inspired a character in the film Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian."
There is no reference for this and it seems like trivia. Should it be removed? 122.60.138.173 (talk) 13:55, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Removed it after no one objected for a while. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.187.171.112 (talk) 19:43, 26 January 2013 (UTC)

Iranian telemetry video of flight
Video by sonofiran looks like a iranian military interest channel, shows 4 camera view of launch from a window, looking back at base of rocket, at monkey (who doesn't even blink at 10G launch), and at base of "capsule" which shows jettison of booster and deployment of parachutes. No heat shield involved evidently. Redhanker (talk) 17:26, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

Title
"monkeys in space"... someone should rename it to something more serious Epicgenius (talk to me • see my contributions)  19:55, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
 * ...Especially as it also covers apes (as Epicgeius rightly has noted)... JoergenB (talk) 20:06, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Seriously, the article in reality is about "any kind of simian, except humans, having been sent beyond the close-to-earth limit conventionally defined at the boundary of 'space'"" (although it is possible to argue that the Earth with everything in it and on it is immersed in space itself). It would not be an improvement to try to make the title quite as exact and serious as that, however.
 * Actually, the present title uses the term monkey in a colloquial and broader sense than the most usual one, also including apes (except humans). For this sense, see the discussion in Monkey.  There has been a few edits lately which try to adapt the article more to its present title - with the narrower 'proper' sense of monkey.  I don't think that is the best thing to do, though.

 * Neither in the 'proper', nor in the broader colloquial sense, monkeys form a phylogenetic taxon - in other words, monkey is not very useful for a strict biological classification of organisms sent to the sky. There is also no real sense in creating a separate article for "apes in space".  Biologically, that should include humans is space; otherwise, we again have problems with the modern biological view of proper taxonomy.

 * However, the finer biological classification is of no importance for the subject of this article. Humans go to space voluntarily - often eagerly, I think, if they get the chance.  Other simians are sent to space, as experiments.  In other words, they are used as laboratory animals, with several purposes of which most relate to the best ways to send humans into space.  These non-human simians are used, precisely since they are relatively similar to humans in many biological aspects.  This is the important distinction here, not whether these non-human simians happen to be named "apes" or "monkeys" in the most common English usage.  (Moreover, this distinction is absent or different in some other languages.)

 * Thus, the article should continue to concern all kinds of non-human simians sent to space. I'm going to restore images removed because they depicted'non-monkeys', namely, chimps.  We might change the title somewhat, and the text a little further than user:Epicgenius and user:Karin Anker already have done, to make this clear; but we should not try to remove or downgrade the chimpanzee examples.

 * A title suggestion: Could Monkeys and apes used in space exploration be a reasonable compromise between preciseness and usefulness? JoergenB (talk) 21:27, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I like the original title and scope. Its title mirrors animals in space, and formerly dogs in space. Rmhermen (talk) 22:13, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
 * How do you define "the original scope"? Does it encompass the chimpanzee? JoergenB (talk) 17:49, 17 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I meant all non-human primates in one article. When I originally expanded the stub I included Ham and Enos with the notation that they were not actual monkeys - but I also left them in the See also section. So maybe I was of two minds about it. Rmhermen (talk) 04:59, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I agree with Joergen entirely. Karin Anker (talk) 00:01, 17 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I would prefer to have one article on [Labratory animals in space]]. Any notable programs or experiments, or individual animals, could have their own articles in addition.  I don't really see the reasoning of lumping Soviet, American, and other nations' monkeys and chimps together and excluding other species of animal. Steve Dufour (talk) 03:38, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * We already have an animals in space article. Rmhermen (talk) 04:59, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * This may be a matter of taste - but personnally I am more interested to have an overview of a certain kind of animal than of the animals used by a certain country. However, nothing stops us from having both.
 * As I wrote above, the distinction between "monkeys" and "apes" is not biologically motivated; if really a distinction should be made by biological lines, it should be between catarrhines on the one hand, and New World monkeys on the other. I still think that this article has a more natural scope, if we include "all non-human simians" (or "all non human primates" - but have people been sending e. g. lemurs into space?). If I understand you right, Rmhermen, this is also fairly well compatible with your original intentions.  The easies way to clarify this scope would be to extend the title to "monkeys and apes", I think. JoergenB (talk) 15:11, 18 May 2013 (UTC)
 * No other opinions seem forthcoming. In my opinion, the discussion showed that while there is some opposition to a more precise name ("space exploration") and some musings over the division by country rather than taxon, there is no larger opposition to adding "and apes" to this article (as it stands). I'll do this move; if you disagree, feel free to revert and continue the discussion here. JoergenB (talk) 13:52, 2 June 2013 (UTC)

Reference removed
I have removed this reference ( 1959 – Space Monkeys Able and Miss Baker become the first monkeys to safely return to Earth ) from the article because it's a circular reference. The article at The Centre Cannot Hold was written using no other sources than this Wikipedia page. I know this, because I wrote it. Wherever those figures were originally sourced from, it wasn't my site - they were already on this page when I wrote that article. Lokicarbis (talk) 14:35, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

Should humans be included?
Most of the apes that went to space are humans, otherwise the title should be changed to "Non-human simians in space". Editor abcdef (talk) 07:17, 30 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Hi, the title was moved but has now been moved back. To some editors the addition of 'non-human' defines the page, otherwise 'apes' means any ape, including human. Just saying 'apes' doesn't make sense. (and nice work on the page by the way), maybe this should go to an RM, unless you want to discuss it enough first to maybe change it back. Thanks. Randy Kryn 19:27, 17 October 2016 (UTC)

Why are countries not in alphabetical order?
I reacted on why the United States is listed first, then countries in, I assume, no order. To me this seems like a deliberate bias towards the United Stated being the foremost country.
 * The countries appear to be listed in chronological order (except for Argentina, which probably shouldn't even be included in this article because they never made it to space). This order makes perfect sense to me.    Deli nk (talk) 18:01, 28 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Well, since there are no mentions of this I don't agree it makes sense. Instead of the present (or alphabetical order which I previously suggested), an order by decade should be used, like in the "mother article": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals_in_space

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Types of monkeys
realted to the Philippine Monkeys section. When refering to Macaca fascicularis two names are used. "while Albert III was a Crab-eating macaque." "Patricia and Mike, two cynomolgus monkeys" unless there is a good reason to use the different one name should be selected and used. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.151.54.131 (talk) 06:23, 31 January 2019 (UTC)

How many chimps went to space?
As of right now, this page asserts (with no citation) that Enos was the third Great Ape to go to space. But who is supposed to have been second? In this article about monkeys and apes in space, there is only ever reference made to one other non-human Great Ape (Ham). I have not been able to find any source mentioning a non-human Great Ape, chimp or otherwise, traveling to space, by name or otherwise. I even found one source affirming that there were two chimps ever. https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/a-brief-history-of-chimps-in-space# 65.30.93.194 (talk) 21:54, 4 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Monkeys and apes in space


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Cardinal Richelieu

Cardinal Richelieu
A self-nomination. -- Emsworth 01:25, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. It took me a while to read through (mostly due to my unfamiliarity with the subject), but it seems quite thorough and well-written. slambo 02:58, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Good article about a pivotal figure in European history.  Edeans 06:07, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Comment. Looks good, but I will do some research before I cast my vote on this one. Minor objection for now - references can use proper formatting (ISBN missing). --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 10:17, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I was not aware that the references were subject to any rules at present. Could you kindly direct me to the convention which dictates the proper format? -- Emsworth 13:43, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a persistent misconception that ISBNs are obligatory—lack of ISBN is often made an objection on this page—but they're not: "The ISBN (which is wikified automatically) is optional". They also have drawbacks which make some people prefer not to use them: "However, ISBNs only identify a particular edition of a book, and the reader will not see the full range of versions of the book for sale". Or the full range of versions available in libraries, either. I'm against them, I don't put them into references that I add (though they often accrue afterwards). Bishonen | Talk 15:43, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Further comment on ISBNs, some books don't have them. In my own research into railroad history, I'm often referencing self-published books that do not have ISBNs assigned to them.  For example, on the Pioneer Zephyr article, the Wayner reference Car Names, Numbers and Consists does not have an ISBN yet it is a real reference that I can hold and photograph for proof.  A lack of ISBNs should never be a factor in reference completeness, but where they are available, they should be included.  slambo 16:19, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Comment. Looks great, but the lead is a little confusing. It mixes partly chronological summary with general information about him in ways that doesn't let us know which is which at times. The --ZayZayEM 03:08, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC)lead mentions he's ordained a bishop, but then sudddenly he is a cardinal? Also the last orphan paragraph should be merged in smoothly somewhere. Welcome back to producing FA's by the way. - Taxman 14:57, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * First of all, thank you for welcoming my return. I hope that I have addressed your comment adequately; I have made the first paragaraph a chronological summary, the second a general overview of his policies, and the third a comment on his non-political activities. -- Emsworth 15:32, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, exactly what I was looking for. The lead is great now. - Taxman 18:37, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Good article, comprehensive as far as I can judge. Jeronimo 18:59, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. A fine article. Filiocht 10:25, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: (No support, no objection) Correct me if I'm wrong, wasn't the Cardinal also a key figure in the Three Musketeers? -- AllyUnion (talk) 13:23, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * No, but a fictional character bearing his name was, as covered in the Legacy section of the article. Filiocht 14:17, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support. Very well written. Leading part is a little too dense, but good. --Poli 05:05, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Support--ZayZayEM 03:08, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Comprehensive & well written, nice images, and appropriately referenced. A winner. Fawcett5 20:44, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC)


text:
George Robinson

George Robinson may refer to:

Politics and government

 * George Robinson (1687–1728), British Member of Parliament for Tregony
 * Sir George Robinson, 5th Baronet (1730–1815) of Cranford, British landowner and politician
 * George Robinson (Pittsburgh) (fl. 1794-c. 1800), first Chief Burgess of the borough of Pittsburgh
 * Sir George Robinson, 1st Baronet (1758–1832) of Batts House, Somerset, British MP and Chairman of the East India Company
 * Sir George Robinson, 6th Baronet (1766–1833) of Cranford, British landowner and Member of Parliament
 * Sir George Robinson, 2nd Baronet (1797–1855) of Batts House, Somerset, Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China
 * George Richard Robinson, British Member of Parliament for Worcester and Poole, elected in 1826 and 1835
 * George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon (1827–1909), British Liberal politician
 * George M. Robinson, Free Soil Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1850
 * George D. Robinson (1834–1896), Governor of Massachusetts
 * George Robinson (Northern Ireland politician) (born 1941), Democratic Unionist Party politician
 * George S. Robinson (born 1945), North Carolina legislator
 * George A. Robinson, Canadian-American physician and politician

Sports

 * George Robinson (cricketer, born 1861) (1861–1944), played first-class cricket for Oxford University
 * George Robinson (cricketer, born 1873) (1873–1930), English cricketer
 * George Robinson (footballer, born 1878) (1878–1945), footballer for Nottingham Forest F.C. and Bradford City A.F.C.
 * George Robinson (Australian footballer) (1901–1962), Australian rules footballer
 * George Robinson (footballer, born 1908) (1908–1963), English footballer for Sunderland
 * George Robinson (cricketer, born 1908) (1908–1967), English cricketer
 * George Robinson (Australian cricketer) (1921–1999), Australian cricketer and doctor
 * George Robinson (New Zealand footballer) (fl. 1947), New Zealand international footballer
 * George Robinson (cricketer, born 1949), English cricketer
 * George Robinson (American football) (born 1986), offensive lineman for the Oklahoma Sooners
 * George Robinson (rugby league), Australian rugby league player

Entertainment

 * George Wade Robinson (1838–1877), poet and hymnist from Cork, Ireland
 * George O. Robinson (fl. 1860), composer of "The Palmetto State Song"
 * George Robinson (cinematographer) (1890–1958), Hollywood cinematographer
 * George Robinson (actor) (born 1997), British actor

Other people

 * George Robinson (swindler), English stockbroker and swindler in the 1720s and early 1730s
 * George Robinson (bookseller) (1736–1801). English bookseller and publisher
 * George Augustus Robinson (1791–1866), builder and preacher in Australia
 * George W. Robinson (1814–1878), leader during the early history of the Latter Day Saint movement
 * George Thomas Robinson (1827–1897), English architect
 * George F. Robinson (1832–1907), U.S. Army soldier who save Sec. of State Seward from assassination
 * George Livingston Robinson (1863–1958), author, biblical scholar, explorer, and lecturer
 * George Drummond Robinson (1864–1950), British physician
 * George T.O. Robinson (1922–2006), founding member of the Krio Descendants Union
 * George Willard Robinson (born 1946), museum curator for whom georgerobinsonite is named
 * George William Robinson (1815–1895), British entrepreneur in the Portuguese cork sector
 * George Robinson (hedge fund manager) (born 1956), hedge fund manager and benefactor of Keble College, Oxford
 * George Robinson, a 62-year-old black man killed on January 13, 2019, by police in Jackson, Mississippi

title: George Robinson


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Italian-American sporting legends

Category:Italian-American sporting legends

 * Listed for renaming on February 15, 2005. Consensus to to Delete as over-categorization.

"Legends" is POV. Rename to Category:Italian-American sportspeople. – flamurai (t) 16:40, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Courtland 17:12, 2005 Feb 15 (UTC)
 * Support Bryan 10:08, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete regardless of name, because this is a frivolous level of subcategorization. Why isn't this more appropriate as a list article?  It seems to me that this is a purely circumstantial intersection of two unrelated traits, as being one has no effect on whether one is the other.  Why not also create Category:Italian-American 1968 births, or Category:Italian-American sportspeople suicides from Pennsylvania?  Postdlf 00:08, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Agree with Postdif. RedWolf 01:17, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Changing my own vote. I guess I just picked out the obvious thing that popped out to me. – flamurai (t) 03:26, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur, delete. Radiant! 21:02, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Template talk:South Holland Province 4p

Parameters:

 * 1) number on map and in alphabetic list
 * 2) number of municipality for basic data page (see the list in Template:Province South Holland p)
 * 3) MapQuest search term (usually "city=town name" with + for every space)
 * 4) two-letter code for Flags of the World (the code between zh and html in the URL, see  on the status bar when pointing at a municipality, or in the source code)

Example:

gives the following (note that the first text contains the pagename, this is for use on page Leiden):

title: Template talk:South Holland Province 4p


text:
File:Infiniti J30 RL.png

1994 Infiniti J30t taken May 2004 by Andrew McLaughlin

title: File:Infiniti J30 RL.png


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nawa Akram

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD 23:06, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Nawa Akram
Delete Google returns 0 hits; going by the content I'd say this is an obvious vanity page Offtherails 01:26, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: This was apparently either never listed on vfd or removed out of process, so I'm bringing it to today's page for resolution. —Korath (Talk) 00:18, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete article doesn't even make an attempt at notability. This is one of the least notable ones I've seen yet! Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  00:57, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * I dunno... a Kurd living in Ontario? Who likes both rugby and Chinese food at the same time?!? Such a fantastic multicultural melange is almost enough to cross the bar of notability... but, eh, delete. -- 8^D gab 03:19, 2005 Apr 12 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. Oliver Keenan 09:11, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.