text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Katana

Katana
This article contains lots of information regarding the Katana sword and its history an origin. Also much more information is provided that gives the user information on myths, techniques and also has some very informative pictures on the finer points of this sword. There are good external links available and the user is given a real insight into Katanas by the time they have read the article.

 * Object:
 * To give you an idea about where I am coming from, I am a kobudo practitioner living in Japan.
 * First off, the main strength of the article seems to be in covering sword parts and styles. Kudos.
 * Generally speaking, there is quite a bit of good information, but there is also some not-so-good information. The way some of the information is given also seems a bit poorly written.
 * Error: The article claims that it is illegal to carry swords in Japan. That is incorrect. You have to register and get a license. The license must be kept with the sword at all times.
 * Poor turn of phrase: Kenjutsu has not turned into gendai budo. Any budo style is gendai(modern) if it was founded after the Meiji Isshin. It is kobudo if it was founded before that. As the article mentions, there are kobudo ryuha still around. Anyway, the relationship between modern budo and classical budo is complicated, and it is better to omit that topic than spend just one sentence on it.
 * Error: Emperor Jimmu, though traditionally attributed to the 6th century B.C., is considered to have lived closer to 400-600 AD. This is an error at the Jimmu page as well.
 * Sources: more, and better.
 * Someone below criticized "The Japanese Sword in Fiction" section. I think the point was supposed to be that it seems frivolous when nihonto are real objects, with a real place in history. I don't have too much of a problem with it so long as it stays after the sections with historical and technical information.
 * The fact that the article mentions "traditional japanese steel" without explaining how the steel is different than other steel, or using the actual term for it(tamahagane) speaks for itself.
 * Various other things. If I can scrape up some more free time, I will try to contribute to the article. -JD

 * Weak object looks really well done, but:
 * 1) needs references badly
 * 2) minimal coverage of fantasy and myths (like the famous "river leaf" story contrasting Muramasa and Masamune swords)
 * better, but still needs more on myths/fantasy passed down over the years.  ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] 09:14, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) nothing about katana use by the kamikaze during ww2 or other ww2 officer use for that matter.
 * 4) nothing about katana use in modern video games either. what was added fills the bill on this.
 * ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] 01:34, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Katana were not typically used by the kamikaze, they used an ordnance sabre which is mentioned in the article ("katana were replaced by gunto: cheap sabers for navy officers."). Rama 10:57, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Thats funny I own 3 former kamakazi swords all of them are curved and match the typical length/shape of a katana (and match the curve and shape of the 2 katanas I own)... years of martial arts tell me their katanas. They have such a similar heft and feel when swinging, I always assumed they were katanas. All of what i've previously read said that the kamakazi carried katana (and sometimes wakizashi) in a samurai fashion intentionally to show pride in the ancient warrior culture. This is definately news to me! thanks for clearing that up.  ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] 14:19, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This is a matter of term usage. In general English usage, it qualifies as a katana. However, it is not a genuine nihonto unless it was forged by traditional techniques(and by most accounts, traditional materials. I imagine that even if they are genuine kamikaze swords (historically speaking), they are almost certainly showa-to/gun-to. Mass-produced. Also, if I can point out that "katana" refers to how you wear it, technically speaking. -JD
 * On 4), I wrote a new section about works of fiction and katana with minimal informations intending to expand it into a full article. Because katana appears in so many fictions including video games, I think it deserves an article solely dedicated to it. On katana used for or by kamikaze, because pilots were all officers, they had to take katana with them as a part of their uniform. On those carried by army officers, they essentially served the same function as pistols carried around by officers in American and European armies, to point it to rally their troop. It was, of course, almost completely useless on the battlefield, so some simply reported to have "lost" their gunto(katana) and picked up a rifle instead. Revth 16:02, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This definately satisfies my request #4. I'd appreciate this information on #3 you mentioned being worked into the article somehow, you give more info here than I was able to learn reading the article regarding ww2 use.  ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] 16:08, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment Maybe some movies (and games) that focus heavily on this sword could be mentioned in the fiction section, for example Kill Bill, something like a mini list? Or would this list be too substantial and require a seperate article? -- 82.3.32.75 00:22, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Weak object. 1) References are my primary concern (I note some are used in the text - they need to be moved to reference section and possibly linked with notes. 2) Short, one sentnece paragraphs would benefit from merging 3) If rare words are used in lead (especially), they should be explained (buke is...?) 4) I'd like to see a section on famous historic katana users, and the section on schools of fighting could be expanded (and possibly merged with techniques?), but this is not an object per se. Good article, I am pretty sure it will make it. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 13:09, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Object:
 * I think that the section on the use of katana's in anime, filmmaking, etc., (and the reference to role-playing) does more to define what sort of people write Wikipedia articles than anything else, and I think they should simply be dropped.
 * What's a sentence like "Okay, so now we've got a long iron stick. What makes it a katana?" in a Wikipedia article?
 * The article also could use some copy-editing to improve the overall quality of the writing (to avoid some less-than-stellar phrasings like "However, this also marked the beginning of the end for samurai in general, for guns had returned.")
 * That said, I think that the article contains a lot of useful and interesting information, and that bringing the article up to featured standards is mainly a matter of cleaning up the writing a little bit and trimming excess information. Jun-Dai 08:41, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Object to the objection. Especially, the first one. That's an awful POV to make an objection upon. What's wrong with that? Revth 14:54, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 *  My objection with regards to the first item has to do with the fact that we are, in effect, emphasizing material that is of particular interest to a particular group (one that overlaps more than a little with the body of people that are Wikipedians) that is not really relevant to the topic (even though the topic may be quite relevant to the group). Obviously this is POV, but so is the emphasis to which I am objecting (or any emphasis, really).  Any reference to the use of katana's in fiction/anime/role-playing, etc. needn't be more than a sentence long, or put on a separate page and added to a "see also" section.
 * Please back the claim "one that overlaps more than a little with the body of people that are Wikipedians" up with sources to make it a credible argument. How many Wikipedians do you think have seen katana in fiction? It's certainly not a few of people who are Wikipedians. In the particular culture group that you belong to, katana in fiction may not mean much but you need to keep that view to yourself. There is only six paragraphs out of the entire article that talks about it with the article (to be started) to discuss anything further. This is hardly an emphasis. Revth 01:04, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 *  That the two groups overlap more than a little I observe based on (a) the types of articles that get written (I do not have the power to summon up statistics on anime-related articles, articles related to pop-Japanese culture, role-playing, and computer games, but I'd bet that they are out of proportion to other topics of similar breadth, popularity, and general level academic research done, and definitely disproportionate to, say, print encyclopedias or other non-specialized reference works), (b) the amount of effort put into particular articles (Bishojo_game, Hentai, Samurai, Ninja, D20 System, to name just five), and (c) the conspicuous emphases placed in certain articles (such as this one). After all, what encyclopedia, other than this one, would include mention in an article about ninja that the jedi in Star Wars resemble them because they can jump and disappear?  Clearly (to me, at least), the Wikipedian community has a disproportionate representation of anime fans, gamers, computer geeks, etc.  One effect of this is that we have a tremendous (and disproportionate) amount of content in those areas, which is by no means a bad thing (on the contrary, I welcome it).  Another effect of this, however, is that some of the other content, such as this article, is tailored (through emphasis) towards that community.  This I see as a bad thing, because it will limit us.
 * In any case, this article is not ready for featured article status. It needs some improvements (two cases are noted above) in the writing in general, as well as in the prioritization of information for a more general audience.  In its current state I am not prepared to vote in favor of this article representing the Wikipedia as an example of its finest work.
 * Object Great article ... but needs references and bibliography to make the cut (no pun intended). Has the article gone through Peer Review?  That is what peer review can do for an article... editors can make comments on how to improve the article before submitting it for consideration as a featured article. Some good copyedit (e.g. Katana, some more wiki-linking, and a related articles section with more than just one reference, are also needed. --Zappaz 03:39, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Luodong

Luodong Township, sometimes spelled Lotung or Lotong, is an urban township in the central part of Yilan County, Taiwan. Luodong is the smallest township in the county by area.

Toponym
Its name and former name derive from the Kavalan word rutung, meaning "monkey", referring to a large population of monkeys there half century ago.

Qing dynasty
In 1804, Pingpu tribe chiefs Pan Xian Wen and Maoge from Changhua led a group of people to settle in the Luodong area, where they established Alishih and Ashushih communities and developed agriculture on a large scale. In 1812, Qing dynasty officer Fan Bang Gan was assigned to Luodong. Two years later, Han settlers entered the region to begin clearing and developing the area. The Pingpu tribe and Han settlers fought over land ownership but eventually they ended up working together to develop Luodong. Years later, Luodong became a developed region with a combination of aboriginal and Han cultures.

Japanese Empire
Under Japanese rule, Luodong was developed into the base for industries established by the Taiping Mountain logging business. In 1916, the Japanese government established the Giran Branch Office of the Forest Administration Bureau in charge of logging, transportation and storage of Taiping Mountain area timber with a log pond set up in today's Yuanshan Township. The branch office was then later on moved to Luodong due to the change in the lumber transportation from waterway to railway. Finally in 1924, upon the completion of railway connecting Luodong and Tuchang (土場 in Datong), the branch office was officially moved to Chikurin (竹林). From that moment onward, Luodong became a commercial center. From 1920 to 1945, Lutung was administrated as Ratō Town (羅東街) of Taihoku Prefecture.

Geography
Luodong is located on Lanyang Plain. It covers an area of 11.34 km2 and as of September 2023 had a population of 70,002 people. It has a large, landscaped sports park.

Administrative divisions
Luodong Township consists of 25 villages and 524 neighborhoods. Villages in the township are Kaiming, Daxin, Tungan, Xinqun, Luozhuang, Nanchang, Nanhao, Chenggong, Rende, Renhe, Zhongshan, Hanmin, Weiyang, Xian, Beicheng, Guohua, Xianwen, Gongzheng, Jixiang, Xinyi, Shulin, Zhulin and Renai Village.

Tourist attractions
Luodong has a large night market - Luodong Night Market - containing many varieties of local food, such as scallion pancakes. Luodong has a large community which organizes dance clubs and recitals for the elderly. It is also the home of the locally famous Meihua Lake.

Luodong has an excellent natural environment, and is close to both urban Yilan and Su'ao township, popular for its cold and hot springs. It is popular as a destination in the summer for its proximity to the Yilan Children's Festival as well as the farms of Sanxing township. People visit Luodong year-round to enjoy its charming bed and breakfasts.

Luodong Forestry Culture Park is a former timber processing plant that was equipped with sawmills, lumber yards, an agency office, and workers' dormitories. The park still has a complete set of old industry facilities, early village buildings, storage units, and transport machinery.

Another park in the township is Luodong Sports Park.

Festivals in the township include the Luodong Arts Festival Fringe.

Rail
Luodong is served by the Yilan Line of Taiwan Railways at Luodong Station.

Road
The main bus station in the township is Luodong Transfer Station. There are two interchanges in Luodong township along National Highway 5.

Notable natives

 * Chen Chin-te, acting Magistrate of Yilan County (2017–2018)
 * Huang Chun-ming, novelist and writer
 * Lin Mei-hsiu, actress and television host
 * Lin Tsung-hsien, Minister of Council of Agriculture (2017–2018)
 * Lin Zi-miao, Magistrate of Yilan County
 * Ran In-ting, watercolor artist
 * Jimmy Liao, illustrator
 * Doris Yeh, bassist of Chthonic
 * Janez Janež, medical doctor and surgeon

Sister cities

 * 🇯🇵 Saito, Miyazaki, Japan

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Luodong


text:
Mellin inversion theorem

In mathematics, the Mellin inversion formula (named after Hjalmar Mellin) tells us conditions under which the inverse Mellin transform, or equivalently the inverse two-sided Laplace transform, are defined and recover the transformed function.

Method
If $$\varphi(s)$$ is analytic in the strip $$a < \Re(s) < b$$, and if it tends to zero uniformly as $$  \Im(s) \to \pm \infty  $$ for any real value c between a and b, with its integral along such a line converging absolutely, then if

 * $$f(x)= \{ \mathcal{M}^{-1} \varphi \} = \frac{1}{2 \pi i} \int_{c-i \infty}^{c+i \infty} x^{-s} \varphi(s)\, ds$$

we have that

 * $$\varphi(s)= \{ \mathcal{M} f \} = \int_0^{\infty} x^{s-1} f(x)\,dx.$$

Conversely, suppose $$f(x)$$ is piecewise continuous on the positive real numbers, taking a value halfway between the limit values at any jump discontinuities, and suppose the integral

 * $$\varphi(s)=\int_0^{\infty} x^{s-1} f(x)\,dx$$

is absolutely convergent when $$a < \Re(s) < b$$. Then $$f$$ is recoverable via the inverse Mellin transform from its Mellin transform $$\varphi$$. These results can be obtained by relating the Mellin transform to the Fourier transform by a change of variables and then applying an appropriate version of the Fourier inversion theorem.

Boundedness condition
The boundedness condition on $$\varphi(s)$$ can be strengthened if $$f(x)$$ is continuous. If $$\varphi(s)$$ is analytic in the strip $$a < \Re(s) < b$$, and if $$|\varphi(s)| < K |s|^{-2}$$, where K is a positive constant, then $$f(x)$$ as defined by the inversion integral exists and is continuous; moreover the Mellin transform of $$f$$ is $$\varphi$$ for at least $$a < \Re(s) < b$$.

On the other hand, if we are willing to accept an original $$f$$ which is a generalized function, we may relax the boundedness condition on $$\varphi$$ to simply make it of polynomial growth in any closed strip contained in the open strip $$a < \Re(s) < b$$.

We may also define a Banach space version of this theorem. If we call by $$L_{\nu, p}(R^{+})$$ the weighted Lp space of complex valued functions $$f$$ on the positive reals such that

 * $$\|f\| = \left(\int_0^\infty |x^\nu f(x)|^p\, \frac{dx}{x}\right)^{1/p} < \infty$$

where ν and p are fixed real numbers with $$p>1$$, then if $$f(x)$$ is in $$L_{\nu, p}(R^{+})$$ with $$1 < p \le 2$$, then $$\varphi(s)$$ belongs to $$L_{\nu, q}(R^{+})$$ with $$q = p/(p-1)$$ and

 * $$f(x)=\frac{1}{2 \pi i} \int_{\nu-i \infty}^{\nu+i \infty} x^{-s} \varphi(s)\,ds.$$

Here functions, identical everywhere except on a set of measure zero, are identified.

Since the two-sided Laplace transform can be defined as

 * $$ \left\{\mathcal{B} f\right\}(s) = \left\{\mathcal{M} f(- \ln x) \right\}(s)$$

these theorems can be immediately applied to it also.

title: Mellin inversion theorem


text:
Quatre épices

Quatre épices is a spice mix used mainly in French cuisine, but can also be found in some Middle Eastern kitchens. Its name is French for "four spices"; it is considered the French allspice. The spice mix contains ground pepper (white, black, or both), cloves, nutmeg and dried ginger. Some variations of the mix use allspice or cinnamon instead of pepper, or cinnamon instead of ginger.

The blend of spices will typically use a larger proportion of pepper (usually white pepper) than the other spices, but some recipes suggest using roughly equal parts of each spice.

In French cooking, it is typically used in soup, ragout and pot-cooked dishes, vegetable preparations and charcuterie, such as pâté, sausages and terrines.

title: Quatre épices


text:
User talk:Sweetfreek

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 00:56, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

NPOV on ethic articles
Thanks for the firm stance at Talk:Asian fetish. Mind taking a look at Talk:Asiaphilia & putting it on your watchlist as appropriate? I've got banana and egg covered. Thanks. Samw 02:58, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Dutch book
Fascinating. Sweetfreek 21:02, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * If you liked this article, you should also like coherence (philosophical gambling strategy). Michael Hardy 23:41, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Diet Coke Vanilla in two-liters
I can personally vouch that this is still being sold. I just bought some this Saturday and am in the process of drinking it right now. Any lack of sales in areas are a direct result of a local retailer choosing not to carry the product (kind of like how I really like Apple Fanta but they don't sell it in Florida). Mike H (Talking is hot) 07:58, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Bush-Rove rat list
I listed your article on Articles for Deletion at Articles for deletion/Bush-Rove rat list, but with no vote. It was previously tagged as a candidate for speedy deletion but I don't think it qualifies. If you can expand the article a little and leave your thoughts at the AfD hopefully we can resolve this. — Phil Welch 20:18, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I intend to begin some editing work on it as soon as I can get my Internet connection stabilized. Sweetfreek 22:03, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

No personal attacks
Please refrain from calling your fellow editors names. Thanks, -Will Beback 00:08, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Lolicon Edit War
Your creation of the page Lolicon Edit War is probably bordering on violating WP:Point; please review that guideline. Peyna 01:02, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Email confirmation
You should confirm your email address here so that people can send emails to you. -Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 08:56, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Just reminding you, in case you'd forgotten.. if you're not interested, ignore the above. Also wanted you to know that I've found you one of the more interesting users I've seen on Wikipedia, and I respect your stances on what could be considered controversial subjects. -Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy) 05:53, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Lolicon straw poll
There is a straw poll about how images should be included on this page ongoing until the end of March. kotepho 21:59, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Image:Sf2v goddess statue.jpg
Just wanted to let you know, in the future, do not tag images with "For educational use only" or "For non-commercial use only". While this seems to make sense for Wikipedia, since Wikipedia must be able to be redistributed by anyone, images tagged like this actually get deleted pretty quickly. I've retagged this image for you. You might want to take a look at the licensing tags we accept over at WP:TAG. Thanks! Shell babelfish 00:52, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Image:Hikari_Hayashibara_Manga.jpg
What in the hell is Image:Hikari_Hayashibara_Manga.jpg? Please explain the image & why it was selected for...well you know. --saikano 17:26, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Dicdef transwikified: Bald wig
I have added a "" template to the article Bald wig, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Part Deux 16:36, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

Image:Shounen Ai Bigaku 01 cover Manga.jpg
''The last entry of this conversion that I made on this asshole's User Talk page was here. It has since been cleared out. Here's the whole exchange, neatly laid out in chronological order:''

 * I have removed the image from the Shotacon article, with an explanation on the talk page, and tagged the image itself as orphaned fair use, of not specifying the source and of no rationale being provided. If you have an issue with this, as I suspect you may have judging from earlier comments, please bring it up with me on my talk page. J Milburn 22:31, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Three words: "don't embarrass yourself." No, seriously, don't... because you clearly have no clue about where this is headed. Firstly, the image only fails to meet the requirements of wikipedia because of technicality. I don't have the patience at the moment to dig through the endless edits of the past six months to make my case, but I do seem to recall someone explaining that the image was "typical" of the genre--as such the identity of the manga from which the cover was from was mostly of citational concern--a minor edit to the page would have restored that explanation. Secondly, I had a quick look at your contrib-list, and find it rather odd that you have made hundreds and hundreds of various little edits at such an awesome frequency, and yet you seem to have taken a rather curious interest in this one lowly topic to the extent that you even tracked down an old discussion entry that I had forgotten about... moreover, that all of this seems to have been done less than three weeks after becoming an admin. Normally, I would be tempted to attribute such a set of "activities" as being part of some vindictive or morally-extremist objective (which I've seen many like before), but I'm not in the mood for passing judgement against you or anyone else at the present time. I will reverse your edits and then I will make the appropriate changes where I am able, but you should understand that I won't easily bend to bureaucratic gimicks intended to influence the content of wikipedia according to either personal tastes or morals. I chose this image precisely because it was both an accurate and unoffensive depiction that illustrates the article's subject matter, and on that alone it has stood mostly unmolested for quite some time. And one more thing: it has been my understanding throughout the past two years of my own editing, that removing major elements and other potentially disruptive edits should be discussed first, not declared and then done. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Sweetfreek (talk • contribs) 09:22, 4 May 2007 (UTC).

 * Are you suggesting that I have some kind of exterior motive to removing the image? That is a rather serious allegation. I was simply surfing Wikipedia, came across the article, and saw a fair use image which was being used in a way that goes agaisnt our policy. As such, I removed it. This was not a matter of discussion, this was a matter of implementing policy. Your defence appears to be 'I can't be bothered finding why this is allowed because of the rules, but I am going to restore it, and you must stop removing it. The art form could be shown by a free image, as is done at Lolicon with Image:Final Solution-chan.jpg. The matter of me 'not knowing where this is heading' is second to the fact that this breaches our fair use policy, whether or not it is 'on a technicality', which it isn't. I will look into the matter further later. J Milburn 15:30, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I just saw your edit summary on my talk page. The reason you have to continually explain yourself to other people is because what you are doing is agaisnt our policy. Also, rereading your comment, I got the impression you thought I was trying to censor the article. Absolutely not, I am very opposed to censorship on Wikipedia. I just hate fair use images when free ones could be made. J Milburn 15:54, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Before you dig your hole any deeper, I would advise you that (among other issues) it is unwise to claim "policy" alone as justification when your sole contention has been argued from "there is no dispute". Indeed there has been no significant dispute since your the first to bring up this subject for that image... yet you discuss it as though it has already been decided, and by whom I query? Now, if you wish to start a vote and get some additional opinions and facts to go on, be my guest as you would have my full blessing, but if you continue your present course of action on this matter you will only prove that I have been right all along. Sweetfreek 01:55, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

 * If twenty people agree to have a two megabyte article entirely copied out of copyrighted book, then I can still remove it, as this is a matter of policy. The fact that no one else has contended it is a poor argument- many people do not understand the fair use policy, and many people can not be bothered to go through this whole routine, or are not bold enough to comment. You ask who has agreed on the matter? The community, through consensus, as well as our foundation principles, says that our policy is agreed upon, and so I am just acting through that. You continually talk about me digging myself deeper and getting into things I don't want to be in- if I may ask, where do you think I am heading? J Milburn 09:47, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

 * At the time when I first uploaed the image, I had only a fractional understanding of the fair use policy, that much I admit freely. However, since then I have become much more aquainted with the details of that policy, and I am 99% certain that my usage is both necessary and proper for the article. I have already made my case on the article's discussion page (which I would advise you to read). I am more than prepared to explain it and re-explain it, and even re-argue it if need be, but now we are at the point where further contentions and contraversies are only a waste of our time. Wikipedia is not a messageboard for opinions and debates, so I advise that we leave the matter and consider it as good as settled. Sweetfreek 20:13, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Consider it settled? Because we have both talked, not agreed, and nothing has been done? Not quite. I have responded on the article talk page also- I can not see how you do not see what I am saying. You yourself said (unless I am very much mistaken) that a free image COULD be created or found- yet you still think that it is acceptable to use this one? J Milburn 22:02, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

''Basically, this dickhead was asking me to either "create" an image (which is just one step away from entrapment) or to render the quality of the article so low that it would invite total deletion. Despite my attempt at rational conversation both here and on the Shotacon talk page, some other admin who has virtually never posted banned me for a few days... which suggests to me that J Milburn has champions who will come when called, and avenge his wounded ego by crushing any opposition whenever his ass needs to be bailed out of a sticky situation. At any rate, I lost this battle because I assumed I could be rational with someone who got to where he is by giving other people the bottom of his boot.''

MySpace
I just tried creating a link to the prison planet article you referenced from a MySpace page. The link worked fine. It was neither censored during creation or filtered by the msplinks domain. Can you provide an example of how to demonstrate this filtering? Citizensmith 23:20, 17 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Calm down. There was absolutely no accusation made against you - I was just curious as I couldn't replicate the reported behaviour. Reading the comments at prison planet itself it would also appear that there is no blanket-ban on prisonplanet.com domain and that the "source" quoted for the filtering is not a MySpace employee as stated. Citizensmith 12:30, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Civility
This is not appropriate, for any reason, under any circumstances. You have been blocked for 24 hours. Hopefully, you will be able to contribute in a civil manner when the block expires. - A Man In Bl♟ck (conspire | past ops) 09:12, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:Jedi Survivors of Order 66
I have nominated jedi survivors of order 66 for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. Pascal.Tesson 02:00, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Jetsonslogo640x480.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Jetsonslogo640x480.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. 1 != 2 07:03, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

Stone of J'Kaa
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Stone of J'Kaa, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add  to the top of Stone of J'Kaa. Judgesurreal777 (talk) 05:10, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Red and white ravens.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Red and white ravens.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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AfD of Sean Bell
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appeared to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox.

Here is the diff.

In case anyone gives a damn, this is what got chopped: Sweetfreek (talk) 00:37, 27 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Are you insane?! Do you have any idea at all what the meaning of this event is?! I took a quick a look at your personal discussion page and I'm certain that not only are you not an American (and therefore unfamiliar with our cultural and political woes no matter what you may think you hear from your local news agencies), but that you also seem to have a history of really lousy decision making skills. I can understand a possible renaming to account for the event as an "event" rather than a "person", but KEEPING THIS ARTICLE IS PARAMOUNT. I suspect that this event is hardly over, because if history is any guide there are repercussions due any week now. Personally, I expect that somewhere soon there will be a similar event involving a white victim (to make it look equal)... refer to this table for your learning:

So...I'm trying to assume good faith, but do you have a reason why you felt that would be constructive? Protonk (talk) 03:38, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Great Jedi Purge and Order 66
Best Sweetfreek, the Great Jedi Purge is not self Order 66, Order 66 was but a part of the Great Jedi Purge. Tim Auke Kools (talk) 19:40, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

Notability of Spunky Knight
It looks like the article you wrote (Spunky Knight) has had the notability template on it for awhile. Please consider if you want to save it before someone acts to delete it. -- allen四names 19:36, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Pine Belt

The article Pine Belt has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * This unsourced article appears to be original research. Other than (1) the use of "pine belt" to refer to the Hattiesburg area of Mississippi (covered in Pine Belt (Mississippi) and (2) use (mostly in the late 19th and early 20th century) in agriculture/forestry/ecology publications to refer to discrete places of other states -- including North Carolina, New Jersey, California, and Alabama -- where pine trees grow, I can't find any evidence on Google for the use of this term.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Orlady (talk) 02:59, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

August 2013
You currently appear to be engaged in an edit war  according to the reverts you have made on Gilberton, Pennsylvania. Users are expected to collaborate with others, to avoid editing disruptively, and to try to reach a consensus rather than repeatedly undoing other users' edits once it is known that there is a disagreement. Please be particularly aware, Wikipedia's policy on edit warring states: If you find yourself in an editing dispute, use the article's talk page to discuss controversial changes; work towards a version that represents consensus among editors. You can post a request for help at an appropriate noticeboard or seek dispute resolution. In some cases it may be appropriate to request temporary page protection. If you engage in an edit war, you may be blocked from editing. Gtwfan52 (talk) 02:51, 9 August 2013 (UTC)
 * 1) Edit warring is disruptive regardless of how many reverts you have made; that is to say, editors are not automatically "entitled" to three reverts.
 * 2) Do not edit war even if you believe you are right.

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Jetsonslogo640x480.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Jetsonslogo640x480.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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title: User talk:Sweetfreek


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matt Costa

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 21:20, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)

Matt Costa
Non-notable. Only recording is an independently-released EP. RickK 00:58, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, article does not establish notability, possible vanity. Megan1967 03:03, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this hoaxy self-promotion. Wyss 11:35, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - self promoting rubbish from a Nonabee --Brookie 12:18, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phonisicle

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete. —Korath (Talk) 02:12, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

Phonisicle
Not a word - I've worked in the recording industry and have never heard it, and (double checking myself) there are no results on Google. HyperZonk 00:59, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)

This article is created by a user who persistently creates neologisms with "polis". I tried to talk to him, in vain. I consider this vandalism, hence speedily deleted. Mikkalai 04:25, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Here's the gen:
 * A couple of days ago -cle was created. Like many, I suspect, when I saw it my first reaction was that that was blatantly false etymology.  For starters: "corpsicle" is a pun on "popsicle", which in turn is derived from "icicle".  I was all ready to write a sarcastic note on the talk page, complete with mention of "bicycle", "muscle", "corpuscle", and "pinocle", when I turned up the fact that the "-icle" root of "icicle" in fact does refer to a spike-like shape.  So I aborted my note thinking that the  process would sort out the problem of the other words.  Other editors apparently have not been as restrained, or have not done as much research.  The addition of "testicle", "rusticle", "phonisicle", and "fungusicle" appear to have been made in order to make the point that the etymology as presented is ... cough ... slightly too broad.  It is only "icicle" that has the "-icle" suffix.  The remaining words are derived from "icicle" ("popsicle", "rusticle"), are puns on words derived from "icicle" ("creamsicle", "fudgesicle", "corpsicle"), aren't derived from an "-icle" root at all ("testicle"), or are nonce words to make a point ("fungusicle", "phonisicle").
 * I vote: Fix, and Wiktionary, -cle before this nonsense gets out of hand (note that the notice has unfortunately been removed); and Delete both phonisicle and fungusicle.
 * ... and a vandalism watch on the anonymous users who are giving us all of these neologisms (further ones are "phonopolis", "gyropolis", and "paleontopolis"), bogus additions to polis, and Wario the Quario. Uncle G 02:25, 2005 Feb 13 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable neologism - zero Google hits. Megan1967 03:05, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Treehouse car

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 21:23, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)

Treehouse car
Hmmmm, let's see... one car that was seen on Ripley's Believe It or Not!, and that anecdote embroidered with speculation about what could be done in the future with that concept, especially by the government of Brazil. Why does that sound vaguely familiar? -- Antaeus Feldspar 00:59, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Created by vandal who swarms wikipedia with neologisms, often of their own invention. Mikkalai 04:31, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or out of misguided kindness merge only the concept into treehouse--ZayZayEM 08:47, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity neologism (trying to make a mark on the English language via WP). Wyss 11:34, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - what nonsense! My local planning control officer would have something to say about this idea if I tried it! Picking up Mikkalai observations - is someone watching the vandal concerned? --Brookie 12:22, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:69.156.153.163

title: User talk:69.156.153.163


text:
File:Open Your Eyes.jpg

Summary
Cover by Roger Dean for the Yes album Open Your Eyes, 1997. This cover celebrated the 25th anniversary of the creation of the classsic Yes logo in 1972.

 * Source: Official Yes website.

Fair use rationale for Open Your Eyes

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

Fair use in The Solution (song)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because
 * 1) It illustrates educational articles about a song which first appeared in the album from which the cover illustration was taken.
 * 2) The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of the article topic.
 * 3) The use of the cover will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original. In particular, copies of the image could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) It is a low resolution image.
 * 5) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 6) It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.

title: File:Open Your Eyes.jpg


text:
Tanna (island)

Tanna (sometimes misspelled Tana) is an island in southern Vanuatu.

Tanna is the most populous island of Tafea Province, and the third most populous in the whole country (after Efate and Espiritu Santo). It is home to five indigenous languages, which also rank among the most vibrant in the whole archipelago, ranging from 3500 to 11500 speakers.

Tanna is the most internationally renowned island of Vanuatu, and has been featured in numerous documentaries or TV shows around the world. This is partly due to Mount Yasur, an active volcano and a major touristic attraction. It is also famous for its vibrant Melanesian culture, through dances and festivals. The island has also attracted the attention of many anthropologists for its cargo cults.

Name
The name Tanna, first cited by James Cook, is derived from the word tana in the Kwamera language, meaning "earth". Etymologically, Tanna goes back to Proto-Oceanic *tanoq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taneq, with the same meaning.

Geography
Tanna is 40 km long and 19 km wide, with a total area of 550 km2. Its highest point is the 1,084 m summit of Mount Tukosmera in the south of the island.

Siwi Lake was located in the east, northeast of the peak, close to the coast until mid-April 2000 when following unusually heavy rain, the lake burst down the valley into Sulphur Bay, destroying the village with no loss of life. Mount Yasur is an accessible active volcano which is located on the southeast coast.

History
Tanna was first settled about 400 BC by Melanesians from the surrounding islands. The glowing light of Mount Yasur attracted James Cook, the first European to visit the island, in August 1774, where he landed in an inlet on the southeastern tip of the island that he named Port Resolution after his ship HMS Resolution.

In the 19th century, traders and missionaries (chiefly Presbyterian) arrived. The Tannese stuck to their traditions more strongly than other islands; there remain fewer Christians in comparison with the other islands of Vanuatu. Whaling vessels were some of the first regular visitors to the island in the 19th century. The first on record was the Rose in February 1804. The last known such visit was by the Sea Ranger in September 1871. Tanna was not a principal site of World War II, but about 1,000 people from Tanna were recruited to work on the American military base on Éfaté. Exposure to First World living standards may have led to the development of cargo cults. Many have died out, but the John Frum cult remains strong on Tanna today, especially at Sulphur Bay in the southeast and Green Point in the southwest of the Island. The documentary Waiting for John (2015) by Jessica Sherry provides a history and overview of the current scene regarding these beliefs.

A secessionist movement began in the 1970s, and the Nation of Tanna was proclaimed on 24 March 1974. While the British were more open to allowing its holdings in Vanuatu to achieve independence, it was opposed by the French colonists and finally suppressed by the Anglo-French Condominium authorities on 29 June 1974. In 1980, there was another attempt to secede, declaring the Tafea Nation on 1 January 1980, its name coming from the initials of the five islands that were to be part of the nation (Tanna, Aniwa, Futuna, Erromango and Aneityum). British forces intervened on 26 May 1980, allowing the island to become part of the newly independent nation of Vanuatu on 30 July 1980.

Tanna and nearby Erromango were devastated by Cyclone Pam in March 2015, with reports of an unknown number of deaths, complete destruction of the island’s infrastructure and permanent shelters, and no drinking water. Following this, an El Niño-spurred drought further impacted on the people of Tanna.

Population
It is the most populous island in Tafea Province, and one of the most populous islands in the country with a population of about 29,000 in 2009, which grew to 30,770 in 2015. Isangel, the provincial administrative capital, is on the west coast near the island's largest town of Lénakel. Tanna is populated almost entirely by Melanesians, and they follow a more traditional lifestyle than many other islands. Some of the higher altitude villages are known as kastom villages, where modern inventions are restricted, the inhabitants wear penis sheaths (nambas) and grass skirts, and the children do not go to public school. According to anthropologist Joël Bonnemaison, author of "The Tree and the Canoe: history and ethnography of Tanna," their resistance to change derives from their traditional worldview and how they "perceive, internalise, and account for the dual concepts of space and time."

Cargo cults
The island is the centre of the John Frum religious movement, which attracts tourist interest as a cargo cult. The first John appeared at night as a spirit at a place called Green Point beach and told the people to return to their traditional way of life, or kastom. From that time kastom on Tanna has been seen as an alternative to the modernity encouraged by many missionary denominations.

Yaohnanen is the centre of the Prince Philip movement, which reveres Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the late husband of Queen Elizabeth II. The cult is examined by British writer Matthew Baylis in his 2013 book Man Belong Mrs Queen: Adventures with the Philip Worshippers. Five men from the cargo cult were brought to the United Kingdom as part of the Channel 4 reality show Meet the Natives in 2007. Part of their itinerary included an off-screen meeting with the prince. In An Idiot Abroad, Series 2, Episode 1, Karl Pilkington visited Tanna and discussed the Prince Philip Movement and met those who visited Windsor Castle.

Christian missionary John Gibson Paton served in Tanna in the mid 19th century. Cannibalism was practiced before Christianity swept the island. In the biography of Paton, the horror of the pagan practice of abusing and murdering disobedient wives is detailed.

Languages
There are five main languages spoken on Tanna: the southern language of Kwamera and the Southwestern language adjacent to the slopes of Tokosmera, of which there are many dialects spoken by very small groupings, constitute two of the languages. The remaining majority of Tanna islanders speak four dialects, being North Tanna in the northwest, Lénakel in the west-central area near Lénakel, and the middle bush dialect in the central plateau of the island, which is very close to Lenakel Whitesands in the northeast near Whitesands.

The five languages of Tanna feature among the most populous among all the indigenous languages of Vanuatu:

These are grouped into the Tanna languages family, which is a subgroup of the South Vanuatu languages, a branch of the Oceanic languages. Many people on Tanna also speak Bislama, which is one of Vanuatu's three official languages (together with English and French).

Economy
The island is one of the most fertile in Vanuatu and produces kava, coffee, coconut, copra, and other fruits and vegetables. Recently, tourism has become more important, as tourists are attracted to the volcano and traditional culture. To help preserve the integrity of culture as a tourism asset, only local people are permitted to act as guides. There are various types of accommodation on the island.

Cultural references
In 2009 the Travel Channel aired Meet the Natives: USA, which brought five men from another group from Tanna to the United States. Their tribe reveres John Frum, an American World War II sailor who generations ago had taught the inhabitants to live in peace. The Tanna ambassadors were taken across, visiting five states, and eventually meeting former United States Secretary of State Colin Powell and verifying with him that the spirit of peace taught by John Frum lives on in then US President, Barack Obama. While visiting with a family on Fort Stewart, US Army Major-General Tony Cucolo conferred a World War II Victory Medal and an Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal upon the chief in representation of the contribution the people of Tanna in World War II.

Tanna, a film depicting the true story of a couple who decided to marry for love, rather than obey their parents' wishes, is set on the island, and was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards.

Transportation
The island is served by Whitegrass Airport.

Filmography
God is American, feature documentary (2007, 52 min), by Richard Martin-Jordan, on John Frum's cult at Tanna.

title: Tanna (island)


text:
Toucheng

Toucheng Township is an urban township in Yilan County, Taiwan. The township includes Guishan Island and Guiluan Island in the Philippine Sea. The Senkaku Islands, known in Mandarin as the Diaoyu Islands, are claimed as part of the township.

History
Toucheng was formerly called Thau-ui. Toucheng Township (頭城鄉) was established on 9 September 1946. Toucheng Township was upgraded to an urban township (頭城鎮) on 1 January 1948.

Geography

 * Area: 100.89 km2 (39 sq. mi.)
 * Population: 28,334 people (September 2023)

Administrative divisions
Toucheng includes twenty-five urban villages:
 * Shicheng/Shihcheng (Shih-ch'eng-tzu, Sekijōshi; 石城里), Dali (Ta-li-chien, Dairikan; 大里里, 大里簡), Guishan (Kuei-shan, Kīzan; 龜山里), Daxi (Ta-ch'i, Taikei; 大溪里), Hexing (Ho-hsing, Gōkō; 合興里), Gengxin (更新里), Waiao (Wai-ao, Gaiō; 外澳里), Gangkou (Chiang-k'ou, Kōkō; 港口里), Wuying (武營里), Dakeng (大坑里), Chengtung (城東里), Chengbei (城北里), Chengxi (城西里), Chengnan (城南里), Zhuan (竹安里), Xinjian (新建里), Baya (拔雅里), Fucheng (福成里), Jinmian (Hsiao-chin-mien, Shō-kimmen; 金面里, 小金面), Jinying (金盈里), Dingpu (頂埔里), Xiapu (下埔里), Zhonglun (Chung-lun, Chūron; 中崙里) and Ercheng (二城里) Village.

Education

 * Lan Yang Institute of Technology

Submarine communication cables
Toucheng is one of the two cable landing points of Taiwan island (the other one is Fangshan). Four submarine communication cables, including APCN, APCN2, RNAL, and SEA-ME-WE 3, connect here.

Tourist attractions
The township has several fresh seafood restaurants and also black sand beach for surfing activities.

Several boat operators offer trips from the Wushish Harbor to Guishan Island and also for whale and dolphin watching.

The Juh-an River Bird sanctuary is another attraction of Toucheng.

Once the economic center of the area, the Ho-Ping street in Toucheng is one of the few unaltered and typical Qing dynasty Taiwanese urban structures.

 * Beiguan Crabs Museum
 * Beiguan Tidal Waves
 * Caoling Historic Trail
 * Guishan Island
 * Hedung Hall Lions Museum
 * Honeymoon Bay
 * Lanyang Museum
 * Lee Rong-chun Literary Museum
 * Old Dali Bridge
 * Old Tsau Ling Tunnel
 * Sea Eroded Rock Formation
 * Shihpai Boundary Park
 * Taoyuan Valley
 * Toucheng Leisure Farm
 * Toucheng Old Street

Transportation

Toucheng is served by the Yilan Line of Taiwan Railway Administration on Dali Station, Daxi Station, Dingpu Station, Guishan Station, Sicheng Station, Toucheng Station and Wai-ao Station. Toucheng has more rail stations (three) than any other townships in Taiwan. There are seven stations along the route.

The township has recently seen a marked increase in tourism due to the opening of the Freeway 5 linking it with western Taipei. The freeway consists of a series of tunnels dug through the Snow Mountains, the longest of which measures 12.7 km. The distance between western Taipei and Toucheng is now 30 km and takes roughly thirty minutes of driving, compared to several hours in the past.

Wushi Harbor is located in the township.

Notable natives

 * Lu Kuo-hua, Magistrate of Yilan County (2005–2009)

title: Toucheng


text:
Talk:Time shifting

Recording
The information in this article is wrong. It describes time-shifting as something that would better be descibed by the word recording. In fact time-shift is an industry created marketing term promoting a digital vcr's ability to playback a show it is still recording the end of at the time, described in the article as an adititonal feature.

I removed the below sections. Firstly they have little to do with time shifting. Secondly they are deeply American centric, hypothetical, and POV. - SimonP 01:03, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * ==Result==
 * While Universal assumed that the VCR was a threat to its business, it has since made millions :(if not billions) of dollars from the rental and sale of its movies to play in such VCRs. Had :the courts prevented the fair use guaranteed under the U.S. Constitution, it would likely :have crippled the industry, including current-day PVRs like TiVo and ReplayTV.

 * ==Future==
 * Currently, the rights of consumers to time-shift are threatened by technology being :pursued by trade organizations like the MPAA and others, and legislation such as :the DMCA. The broadcast flag approved by the FCC is one such limitation, :preventing users from recording a program if the program's owner wishes to do so.  Other :digital restrictions management technologies will prevent recordings from being portable :from one unit to another; thus a person will not be able to send a friend or family member a :show which does not come on in their area, for example.  There are also likely to be problems :even just watching a protected show in the same home, requiring each unit to be registered and :approved by a for-profit corporation representing content owners.  The flag is :unlikely to be activated until customers are well into the new technology, giving them little :if any chance to refuse it.  The latter is more likely to be activated from the start, as it :is part of the design, though it may also be combined with the flag.

Timeshifting
hi, here is another article about the same topic. these two articles should be merged. greets, --Andreas -horn- Hornig 12:12, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

In European countries
In France there is this tv by satellite company called "Canalsatellite". They provide their users who wish it with a special satellite signal unscrambler called the PILOTIME, that also has a recording function (onto a hard drive). Maybe this could be threwn into the article, though I recommend someone who is actually renting one of these devices do it. http://www.canalsat.fr/pid326.htm --Beforedecay 20:28, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Complete Sentence
The last line in the History section is an incomplete sentence; I don't know the information to finish it. Go Beta.

Slashdot incoming
This article has just been linked to in a slashdot article.. Is it maybe a good idea to semi protect it before it picks up steam? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.197.234.59 (talk) 11:45, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

Effects of time shifting
This article does nothing to describe the impact of time shifting beyond the basic "see it later" aspect. Time shifted programs are counted differently when it comes to program viewership ratings. Studios do keep track of the volume and percent of viewership that is "time shifted." But the article doesn't describe the demographic or economic impact related to it.

Time shifting also allows users to skip commercials, repeat sections, watch things in less time and other things that might seem obvious, but also affect advertising revenues and viability of programs in substantial ways.

I'm by no means an expert on any of these things, but they are exactly what I hoped to find out about when I read the article. An article on a TV series with 45% of its viewership from time shifting mentioned its impact in a general sense, but a link to this article was no help in understanding why that 45% was considered irrelevant when counting viewership with respect to that series' survival.

There were also mentions in another article of specific demographic groups being more likely to time shift, thus causing shows with a viewership skewed toward a certain demographic less likely to have them abandon a show when it's moved to a "bad" time slot. But the relevance of a program retaining viewers and losing "live" viewers is not detailed in this article.Hagrinas (talk) 18:08, 28 April 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Time shifting


text:
User talk:Jok2000

Twin_paradox
May be, I have to apologize for bad english, but it should be possible to understand, what the content of the message was. So, please turn it to better english, but think about, what was meant. The "paradox" arises from the statement: you can not decide, who moves. But that is simply not the truth! One, who can measure speed of light is able to measure the distance between to stars! ErNa 12:55, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Actually, it's the change in the meaning of the word "moves" that creates a paradoxical statement. I think everyone agrees on who is moving and who isn't in this particular thought experiment.Jok2000 19:09, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok, the problem is: I can say, I move, but that might be a lie or not the truth. A misunderstanding in RT is: There is no fixed frame is not equivalent to: I can not determine, which twin moves. I can determine this, and still there is no fixed frame. Whenever someone states: I can say, which twin travels, he is abused to be an "antirelativist". That makes live complicated. ErNa 22:02, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Charles Fort
I respectfully disagree with your Philip K. DIck edit; this is far, very far, from a page about UFOs. Dick was in a long-time correspondence with the founders of the International Fortean Organisation (INFO) Ron and Paul Willis, (also the editors of the INFO Journal to which Dick subscribed). The International Fortean Organisation (see Wiki entry) is dedicated to Charles Fort, a very major influence on Dick and most of the leading lights of 20th-century science fiction. See, also, Charles Fort, Fortean Society. Tiffany Thayer. The Willis Brothers also published some of Dick's original short stories in their pre INFO sci-fi magazine "Anubis". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.163.118.74 (talk) 16:05, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, what Dick wrote seems different from the goals of this organization. Do you have some book or other citation aside from the wiki entry on the FORT page, which itself has no citation that explains the influence on Dick? Jok2000 14:04, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

What do you mean the by 'goals" of this organization? See the wiki entry for the International Fortean Organisation. To paraphrase British philosopher John Michell a person influenced by Charles Fort realizes that "the world is very different from the way we are generally brought up to regard it." (From Cosmology and Watercolour, an exhibition at the Christopher Giggs Gallery, London. in 2003. ) Dick always questioned the nature of  phenomenal reality and encouraged the organization for being a showcase for the fantastic reality of Charles Fort.  Dick's short stories are often about the hero being tweaked by the Cosmic Joker.  Dick was very much a part of this organization.  The Edinburgh Science Fiction Society has written, as has many others, about the major influence of Charles Fort on 20th-century science fiction greats.  Dick, along with Stephen King, was one of these. Respectfully yours, Anon````
 * Thanks. Just cite the appropriate Edinburgh Science Fiction Society brief when putting back the deleted line.  Jok2000 13:30, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

99942 Apophis edit
You were a bit hasty with the revert. I presume you thought it was not for real?Trishm (talk) 01:29, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Even more hasty with the second revert. I am currently looking at the AFP reports, as well as articles in the original German. Please do not revert a third time before there is a chance to improve the original entry.Trishm (talk) 01:36, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

As you have no doubt noticed, I am but one of dozens of editors noting that the boy's calculation has been refuted by NASA on the grounds it does not take into consideration the angle of approach, and as such is non-notable fluff. Jok2000 (talk) 18:21, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Gee, there have been hundreds of edits since I reverted that bunk, and the end result: That stuff was bunk and I was the first to note it as bunk. Jok2000 (talk) 20:44, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Logic template
Please do not remove those templates. All of those articles are listed on the template. Each is in fact a philosophical view on logic. Furthermore, although the articles in question may need some development so as to make the relationship clear, eventually they will. However, if you remove them, that will hinder their development. Thank you, Be well. Pontiff Greg Bard (talk) 20:56, 6 May 2008 (UTC) P.S. You should also know that the point of wikipedia is not to only display one view that prevails, but rather to present all views that have sources (preferably academic sources). All of those views on logic were held at one time or another by respected philosophers of logic. It doesn't matter my opinion of it, and humanism is pretty much irrelevant so I don't know why you brought it up. Pontiff Greg Bard (talk) 21:10, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Pontiff Greg Bard (talk) 20:56, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

I brought up humanism because of Humanism (logic) and the fact you are extending the meaning of the logic template to mean philosophy when in fact logic is a sub-category of philosophy. You have the two completely backwards now, however it seems that you do not notice. Also the subtlety of changing the definition of your own belief system seems also to be lost here somewhere. No matter, logic does not encompass philosophy, philosophy encompasses logic. The template needs to change. I want to take this to WP:rfc as soon as possible. Jok2000 (talk) 22:36, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I think this is just a very rigid view of the priorities in organization. The section is perfectly relevant. Sure philosophy of logic is philosophy. However it certainly is a topic within the purview of a logic template. I would prefer it if you did not advocate to get rid of the section. Thank you. Be well, Pontiff Greg Bard (talk) 22:57, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

discussion about phil of logic section of logic template
I am going to bring the phil of logic section up as a discussion at the talk page of the template. A request for comment has been placed. I invite your contributions. Pontiff Greg Bard (talk) 22:53, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Thanks. Philosophers never agree, so rfc is a good thing in this case. Jok2000 (talk) 00:25, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

That is why it is better to be inclusive, rather than exclusive. It becomes a big mess otherwise. Pontiff Greg Bard (talk) 00:49, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

garbage heap of history
It appears as if you are wikistalking me. If you would like to pursue the afd on the well known phrase "garbage heap of history", which you even used yourself (haha), you will need to make a proper link on the template. The article was not created as a joke, or waste of anyone's time. It's obviously a notable phrase. Be well, 17:11, 8 May 2008 (UTC) Pontiff Greg Bard

I am watching your page during the hopefully short period of time we will be discussing the logic templates. AfD's should not be taken personally, neither should watching one's own conversations. This is called paranoia. Jok2000 (talk) 17:21, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

Math v Philosophy
You are making the claim on my talk page about what is and is not logic, or what is and is not philosophy. I just thought you should know I've had this discussion about a million times already. You are arriving quite late to that discussion. Suffice it to say, that when logic is taught in the philosophy class, we are told that the same thing is studied in math classes. However, when it is taught in math classes the professor does not mention that, or if he does, it is to give short shrift to the pretenders.

Please don't get the idea that the math department teaches you everything about the subject, and the philosophers only study part of it. Clearly the math people learn some things that we don't learn, and clearly the philosophers also learn something that the math people don't learn. So, no, claiming I understand the part that I have learned isn't arrogance. However, presuming to know everything as you have done in pitying my ignorance, is arrogance. Good luck with that. I hope we can learn from each other (you know: Wikipedia-like.) Pontiff Greg Bard (talk) 18:04, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

I am not surprised that you would have the discussion a million times as you never cite a source, as I have done (on the logic template page). It is not arrogant to provide proper citations, as I have done, and you have not. I pity your efforts to convince people with unsubstantiated (by way of citation) reasoning, this is true, but only because Wikipedia is so strict about it. If I may be so bold, it strikes me that you and your professors and students when you were obtaining your degree in philosophy engaged in big time WP:OR and you are repeating it here, with the feeling that you are using those discussions as citations. Unfortunately we are not able to travel back in time to the halls of your University to hear you and your colleagues blaspheme the definition of "reasoning" and "logic". Jok2000 (talk) 18:34, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

 * It sounds like you have some kind of ax to grind. For somethings like the finer points of a descriptive interpretation I will run and sweat to get the sources. That Platonism was the first philosophical school dealing with logic is known by pretty much every first year student. I'm not much for jumping to get sources every time someone like you comes a long. Eventually these things get straightened out just fine.

 * I am surprised that you are waving "reasoning" in my face as if to say see, nothing to do with logic at all. If it has to do with reasoning, thats the field of logic.

 * Why don't you ask User:Philogo his opinion. We don't always agree, so if you two agree on the content of that section, I will pretty much go along with it. Pontiff Greg Bard (talk) 19:15, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

 * As the above added text contains no citable reference, the discussion ends and I have taken your user page off my watch list, for your comfort. I will accept your statement about first year students, as it must be true somewhere, however I did not take any philosophy courses until my 3rd year.  I would also, before you go, like to thank you for pointing out that Symbolic logic has been renamed to Mathematical logic, as when I took it in 1985 it did seem like a misnomer to me then, but since I still remember it all, I haven't had a need to play the new-textbook-edition-every-year game with the universities for a couple of decades. Jok2000 (talk) 16:12, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

The End of Logical Positivism
I noticed that you've removed ", but logical positivism lived on.". I think it would be good change this this to, "but logical positivism lived on until the 60s." or somewhere along that line. I am suggesting this for two reasons. 1. Quine wrote Two Dogmas of Empiricism in 1951. 2. Kuhn wrote The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962. Philosophers of science generally agree that these two works have done by Quine and Kuhn damaged logical positivism the most. Quine first showed that analytic-synthetic distinction is both meaningless and impossible. This triggered the decline of logical positivism. And the rise of Kuhnian historicism showed rational reconstruction of science is extremely difficult. Let me know what you think about my suggestion. Maybe, we could also add my reasoning stated above to justify the timing. Stampit (talk) 19:59, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Okay, but how about removing the metaphor "lived"? This is because the original metaphor "but l.p. lived on" suggested it took a beating but survived it forever.  This is the opposite meaning to what is written in Okasa's "A Very Short Introduction to the Philosophy of Science", leaving the reader with the impression that strong arguments were made, and eventually support faded away (this is counter to the meaning of "live") Jok2000 (talk) 20:22, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I understand your concern, and I agree that word is misleading. What do you suggest? Stampit (talk) 19:09, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Well I could look up how Okasa described the denouement in his book, but I thought you'd like to take a crack it with google? ...because even when I first read about it years ago, it seemed like a viable system, until I studied it in more detail Jok2000 (talk) 19:22, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

philosophy of logic main article
Hullo: I replied to you at User talk:Philogo:philosophy of logic main article--Philogo 22:19, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

peer review
Interesting paper you mention. Could you email me a copy from my user page? DGG (talk) 05:15, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Jung and Carroll
Thanks for your post. I put it up as an item on the discussion page for the Synchronicity article and the Works based on Alice in Wonderland article. See there. Best wishes. --- (Bob) Wikiklrsc (talk) 21:42, 23 April 2009 (UTC)

Jung
Hello, i think the Jung's article must collect all the writers or thinkers influenced by Jung... that's the importance i gave to my edit. I am the main contributor on french Wp about Jung's article and i show all the fellows influenced by him i think it is a important data about his reception. Otherwise, why do you keep on line a such paragraph? (sorry for my english) In fact, i pla to contribute on this article but i am a new wikipedian, thus it is a way for me to get used to contribuate in english.--Prosopee (talk) 16:23, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

Okay, I thought you were starting to list everyone who might have had a session, which probably is not a good a idea. For example Wolfgang Pauli had extensive (interesting) correspondence. I got the impression the person you listed spokje only briefly to Jung, but I don't have the original source. Jok2000 (talk) 17:25, 4 May 2009 (UTC)
 * indeed it is a small source, actually what kind of edit you need on Jung? i can try to translate some parts of french article (i made) to this one about non extended topics..? kindly --Prosopee (talk) 20:14, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm bad at French, but a quick read through the French version suggests to me that it covers WWII much better than the English version. Maybe you would like to grab a bit of that and put it in the English one?  I was especially intrigued about the secret agent aspect.  I had not heard of that before. Jok2000 (talk) 20:22, 4 May 2009 (UTC)
 * i would be very glad to be in charge of it! i wrote the 80% of the french article and it will be soon on vote for being "good article"... I principally found the source on Deirdre Bairs'Jung which is the best-well documented biography. i am afraid that my translations will be very bad due to my rude english, but i will try anyway. This is a good link for this period (and in english) : Psychotherapy in the Third Reich by Geoffrey Cocks. soon, --Prosopee (talk) 21:17, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

Works based on AiW
I was on vacation when you chose to do mass changes to this page. There originally was an open discussion which was had in the past with regards to the contents (the size of the set, the wishy-washy criteria, the name of the article, etc), during which you chose not to participate; compounding, you decided to revert without providing an opportunity (that i can find) for similar discussion — you don't see this choice of behavior as a bit poor? Quaeler (talk) 23:04, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

 * No. Mostly because you guys deleted my work. Jok2000 (talk)

 * I note, however, in your "rework" that you do actually still include my edits from 3 or 4 years ago, so I have no current complaints about your latest changes. Jok2000 (talk) 23:50, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

 * My 'rework' was simply restoring the first paragraph of the article, not in attempting to clean out the tons of schmutz; in general, i don't have a lot of patience for the type of strategy you're displaying so i'll cede to the article remaining ghetto-ish. Quaeler (talk) 00:12, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I think a better analogy is one of a box full of curiosities not yet fully organized, that someone thought might be better burned, and I don't think it is you who thinks this. I suppose I could divide the list into "mere references" and "works based on AiW" fairly quickly, then after letting that settle for a while, we can then truncate the "mere references". By the way, I noticed on your page that you prefer article discussions in the actual article page.  I'll go there in a few days when I have some time. Jok2000 (talk) 20:59, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

Works based on Alice in Wonderland
I see you had a concern for some of the content in 2009... well, a whole lot of content has just been deleted. Would you like to have a look at the page, history, and Talk, and give your views? Thanks. -- Evertype·✆ 19:22, 24 October 2010 (UTC)

Olympus Has Fallen
Technically, Lim (Malana Lea) is an accomplice to Kang on that movie and she is an technical expert of the North Korean terrorist group in that movie, which is the probably the reason why she is an villain in that movie and that I wrote henchwoman on it. If you seen that movie, you'll know. BattleshipMan (talk) 20:33, 22 April 2013 (UTC)

I have seen the movie. She is just an actress in a metaphorical role, however I found an interview where she calls herself "henchwoman". I concede the point. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FH86seJS7dY Jok2000 (talk) 02:18, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

Nomination of Malana Lea for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Malana Lea is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Malana Lea until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Sasquatch t|c 23:50, 22 April 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Hafele-Keating experiment
You wrote these equations:

Total time dilation
 * $$\Tau = \Delta\tau_v + \Delta\tau_g + \Delta\tau_s$$

Velocity
 * $$\Delta\tau_v = - \frac{1}{2c^2} \sum_{i=1}^{k}v_i^2 \Delta t_i$$

Gravitation
 * $$\Delta\tau_g = \frac{g}{c^2} \sum_{i=1}^{k} (h_i - h_0) \Delta t_i$$

Sagnac effect
 * $$\Delta\tau_s = - \frac{\omega^2}{2c^2} \sum_{i=1}^{k} R_i^2 \cos^2 \phi_i \Delta t_i$$

They were removed, but they seems to me as correct.

Have you any source in order to reload them on the wiki page?

Thanks for your contributions. 194.209.163.163 (talk) 14:11, 7 October 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jok2000


text:
PZL SW-4 Puszczyk

The PZL SW-4 Puszczyk (en: tawny owl) is a Polish light single-engine multipurpose helicopter manufactured by PZL-Świdnik. Following a protracted development, the SW-4 entered service in 2002, the primary operator of the type has been the Polish Armed Forces. The SW-4 was further developed by PZL-Świdnik and corporate parent AgustaWestland into an optionally piloted vehicle, the SW-4 Solo. From 2016 onwards, the type has been marketed to civil operators as the AW009, while the SW-4 designation is used for the military market.

Origins
The design of the SW-4 helicopter originates from the 1960s, during which period it was decided against proceeding to production with the SW-4 due to demand for military helicopters from various nations within the Warsaw Pact. Around 1981, development work at PZL-Swidnik was started on a new four/five place light utility helicopter. The original design for the SW-4 called for it to be powered by a 300 kW (400 shp) PZL Rzeszow GTD350 turboshaft engine, as featured upon the prototype mockup. According to PZL-Swidnik, the early SW-4 could reach the rated top speed of about 240 km/h (130 kn) and a max range with auxiliary fuel tank about 900 km (485 nmi).

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent European restructuring, predominantly those countries that had formerly been members of the Warsaw Pact, the emerging political climate had allowed PZL-Swidnik to redesign the SW-4 to make use of a new foreign-built powerplant, the Allison (now Rolls-Royce) Model 250 turboshaft engine, which was 13% more powerful while consuming 30% less fuel than the originally-intended GTD350 powerplant. Other changes were made to the design, which ultimately bore little resemblance to its earlier form. In 1995, the SW-4 project was formally re-launched and, in addition to the switch of power plant, the rotorcraft's design was substantially modified. Design alternations include the adoption of epoxy resin-based composite materials for the fuselage structure, further streamlining of the fuselage, and a revised tail and tail boom made primarily of aluminium.

In December 1994, the project had proceeded to ground testing of a non-flying prototype. Subsequently, a pair of flight-capable prototypes were assembled to support the development program. The first prototype was planned to perform an initial flight in January 1995, however this was delayed due to vibration issues during engine runs. On 26 October 1996, the SW-4 was reported as having performing its first flight; an official first flight was conducted on 29 October 1996. By May 2002, the two prototypes had accumulated a total of 640 flight hours. PZL-Swidnik targeted US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) FAR Part 27 certification for the SW-4. it was believed that the program should be capable of producing production models by 1999.

A decision to redesign the main rotor head resulted in considerable delays to the flight testing program; during this time, other changes were made to the rotorcraft, included the horizontal stabilizer being extended and improvements of the hydraulic systems. In 2002, the first production model SW-4, which was equipped with the Rolls-Royce engine, was approaching receipt of certification from the Polish civil aviation authority. Certification for use in other markets is to be made upon customer request, targeting a $700,000 price at the time. On 1 October 2002, serial production of the SW-4 formally began. On 27 September 2007, type certification from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) was received. Following on from the certification of the Rolls-Royce model, PZL Swidnik pursued a separate re-certification for a modified SW-4 fitted with a Pratt & Whitney Canada PW200 powerplant as an alternative option.

Further development
The SW-4 as planned was expected to fulfill a range of utility missions ranging from civil and executive transport to Medevac, police, border patrol duties and some of military pilot training tasks; however, for several years the Polish military had served as the type's only customer. In Polish service, 24 SW-4, with a military name Puszczyk, has been used as a training rotorcraft, replacing the Mil Mi-2, at "The Center of Aviation Education and Training at Dęblin" (Ośrodek Szkolenia Lotniczego w Dęblinie).

In January 2004, Indonesian Aerospace (IAe) was in the process of negotiating a risk-sharing agreement to set up a local assembly line for the SW-4, dependent upon an order from the Indonesian National Police.

In October 2005, PZL-Świdnik revealed that it was conducting talks with Rolls-Royce over the prospective use of a more powerful variant of the SW-4's Model 250C20R powerplant; at the same point, it was publicly acknowledged that the development of a stretched, twin-engine development of the SW-4 was under active consideration, and that this would be dependent upon export sales of the present model. In February 2009, Rolls-Royce stated that it was holding talks with PZL-Świdnik on the prospective use of its newly developed Rolls-Royce RR500 engine on future derivatives of the SW-4.

PZL-Świdnik's parent company, AgustaWestland chose to use the SW-4 as the basis for an optionally manned rotorcraft, the PZL-Świdnik SW-4 Solo. In 2011, development of an optionally-manned demonstrator began. The SW-4 Solo was first was shown at the MSPO 2012 in Poland as "SW-4 Solo" RUAS/OPH platform (Rotorcraft Unmanned Air System/Optionally Piloted Helicopter). In 2013, AgustaWestland was given a Royal Navy contract for the SW-4 Solo's development as part of the UK's RWUAS (Rotary Wing Unmanned Air System) Capability Concept Demonstrator (CCD) programme. Development of the SW-4 Solo is also being supported by the Italian Ministry of Defence's Directorate for Air Armaments under the Italian National Military Research Plan. By September 2015, the SW-4 Solo had performed a total of 26 demonstration flights, which included simulated shipboard integration tests. In November 2015, AgustaWestland stated that the SW-4 Solo was "ready for sale".

In 2006, PZL-Świdnik entered into an agreement with China's Jiujiang Hongying Technology Development Ltd. which aimed for the establishment of an SW4 assembly line in Jiujiang, China. In December 2008, a type certification for the SW-4 was issued by the Civil Aviation Administration of China. In late February 2010, the maiden flight of the first SW-4 to be co-produced in China took place; in the same month, PZL Swidnik announced an agreement to produce 150 helicopters, an unspecified number of which being the SW-4, were to be produced for the Chinese market at Jiujiang. By March 2015, a total of five co-produced SW-4s had been delivered to Chinese customers.

In February 2016, an upgraded model of the SW-4 for the civil market, designated as the AW009, was revealed at Heli-Expo. Amongst the changes to this commercial variant include flight performance changes to provide for increased smoothness and greater control authority, the integration of a mass vibration absorber, the adoption of a Genesys Aerospace glass cockpit common to the larger AgustaWestland AW119 Koala, hydraulic improvements, and an optional upgraded Model 250-C30R engine.

Design

The SW-4 is powered by a single 335 kW (450 shp) (283 kW/380 shp max continuous rated) Rolls-Royce Model 250C20R/2 turboshaft engine, which drives the rotorcraft's three-blade main rotor and two-blade tail rotor. An alternative engine is provided in the form of the 460 kW (615 shp) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW200/9 turboshaft engine. The main rotor is fully articulated and the rotor blades on both the main and tail rotors are composed of composite materials. The SW-4 uses hydraulic flight controls, the rotorcraft has been promoted as possessing excellent flight controls, and can be flown in both day and night visual flight rules conditions.

The SW-4 is capable of transporting up to five people, including a pilot, in crashworthy seats; passengers are provided with a high level of external visibility and comfort, an optional vibration absorption system is also offered. The main cabin can be rapidly reconfigured between passenger and cargo-carrying configurations and is accessed via two sliding doors on either side of the cabin, a dedicated baggage compartment is also present beneath the main cabin. PZL- Świdnik stated that multi-role operations had been a high priority during the SW-4's development; and that the rotorcraft is well-suited to passenger transport, primary and advanced training, patrol and surveillance missions.

Various optional equipment can be installed, such as removable co-pilot flight controls, wire strike protection system, a forward looking infrared (FLIR) sensor system, instrument flight rules (IFR) training fittings, radio altimeter, emergency medical system, moving map, external loudspeakers and/or search light, flotation gear, and an external cargo sling. Much of the external equipment is designed to be held on external extension arms; overall, the SW-4 can mount/carry a useful payload of up to nearly 600 kilograms. Both basic and advanced trainer variants of the SW-4 have been developed to conform with NATO standards and military pilot training regulations, it is promoted as possessing a high level of inherent flight stability and safety; the advanced model is compatible with night vision goggles (NVG) and is equipped with an emergency simulation unit.

Operators
Military operators
 * Polish Air Force
 * Polish Air Force

title: PZL SW-4 Puszczyk


text: User talk:68.231.19.252

title: User talk:68.231.19.252


text:
Yuanshan, Yilan

Yuanshan Township is a rural township in the western part of Yilan County, Taiwan.

Geography

 * Area: 111.91 km2
 * Population: 32,099 (September 2023)

Administrative divisions
The township comprises 16 villages:
 * Hubei (湖北村), Huihao (惠好村), Hudong/Hutung (湖東村), Huxi (湖西村), Neicheng (內城村), Qixian (七賢村), Shangde (尚德村), Shengou (深溝村), Tongle (同樂村), Toufen (頭分村), Yixian (逸仙村), Yonghe (永和村), Yuanshan (員山村), Zhenshan (枕山村), Zhenxiang (蓁巷村) and Zhonghua (中華村).

Tourist attractions

 * Fushan Botanical Garden
 * Jim and Dad's Brewery
 * Kavalan Distillery
 * Yuanshan Park

Transportation
The nearest train station to the township is Yilan Station of the Taiwan Railway Administration, located in Yilan City.
 * Highway
 * TW PHW7.svgncial Highway 7:Northern Cross-Country Highway
 * TW PHW7d.svg 7d
 * Bus
 * List of bus routes in Yilan
 * Kamalan Bus Inc.
 *  751  Yilan Transfer Station - Baomin Temple
 *  752  Yilan Transfer Station - Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuanshan Branch
 *  753  Yilan Transfer Station - Shuanglian Pond
 *  755  Yilan Transfer Station - Wanglongpo
 * Kuo-Kuang Motor Transportation
 *  G12  Yilan Transfer Station - Songluo
 *  G15  Yilan Transfer Station - Da Jiao Xi
 *  1785  Yilan Transfer Station - Waiyuanshan - Zuntou
 *  1786  Yilan Transfer Station - Shengou - Neicheng
 *  1789  Yilan Transfer Station - Zhensha - Dajiaoxi

Notable natives

 * Yang Li-hua, opera performer
 * Lin Yun-ju, table tennis player

title: Yuanshan, Yilan


text:
Wootton, Bedfordshire

Wootton is a large village and civil parish located to the southwest of Bedford, in the north of Bedfordshire, England. The parish also includes the hamlets of Hall End, Keeley Green and Wootton Green.

History
Wootton has had a long association with brick-making, but is now mainly a dormitory community for Bedford and Milton Keynes. In the 18th century church bells were made here for several churches in Bedfordshire and adjoining counties. There has been a great deal of residential development over the last 30 years but some attractive old timber-framed houses still survive. The Church of St Mary the Virgin in the village is mainly 14th century but contains two fine monuments in the chancel to members of the Monoux family who died in 1685 and 1707. To the west of the church is Wootton House, an impressive late 17th-century house with a contemporary, red brick stable block.

Demography
The Domesday Book of 1086, listed Wootton as having 26 residents (20 villagers and six slaves) across ten hides. By 1901, the population had risen to 1,252. The population remained fairly steady throughout the first half of the 20th century. But by 1971, the population had climbed to 2,386, a 35.61% (1010 residents) increase within ten years. By 2001 that figure was 4,230.

According to the 2011 Census, the area covered by Wootton civil parish had 4,156 residents who lived in 1,654 households. The median age of the population is 44. Of these residents, 83% describe their health as "good" or "very good" and 2.6% of economically active people aged 16–74 were unemployed.

Village expansion
Wootton is currently expanding in size.

Housing plans include:
 * More than 1000 new houses on fields situated next to the A421 road.
 * Possible plans to build another 1000 houses on fields located on the road between the village and Kempston.
 * Development of Wootton Park as part of the expansion project was led by a consortium of Bovis, Bellway and Taylor Wimpey. ECL Civil Engineering was the sole civil engineering contractor on the 600 homes development south of the village of Wootton.

Sport and leisure
Wootton has a Non-League football team Wootton Blue Cross F.C., founded in 1887. For the 2020–21 season, they are members of the Bedfordshire County Football League Premier Division. Wootton Blue Cross play at Weston Park, that has a capacity of 750. The clubs most successful season came in the 2002–03 season, when they reached the 4th round of the FA Vase.

Services in Wootton

 * Wootton Library
 * Wootton Vale Retirement Community

Notable residents

 * Letitia Dean, EastEnders actress
 * Steve Mattin, automobile designer

Past Residents

 * Mathew Scherne, clerk & vicar, fl. 1460

title: Wootton, Bedfordshire


text:
Tonian

The Tonian (from τόνος, meaning "stretch") is the first geologic period of the Neoproterozoic Era. It lasted from to  Mya (million years ago). Instead of being based on stratigraphy, these dates are defined by the ICS based on radiometric chronometry. The Tonian is preceded by the Stenian Period of the Mesoproterozoic Era and followed by the Cryogenian.

Rifting leading to the breakup of supercontinent Rodinia, which had formed in the mid-Stenian, occurred during this period, starting from 900 to 850 Mya.

Biology
The first putative metazoan (animal) fossils are dated to the middle to late Tonian (c. 890-800 Mya). The fossils of Otavia antiqua, which has been described as a primitive sponge by its discoverers and numerous other scholars, date back to about 800 mya. Even earlier sponge-like fossils have been reported in reefs dating back to 890 million years before the present, but their identity is highly debated. This dating is consistent with molecular data recovered through genetic studies on modern metazoan species; more recent studies have concluded that the base of the animal phylogenetic tree is in the Tonian.

Tonian rocks preserve some of the earliest fossils of macroalgae, such as the benthic macroalgae from the Longfengshan biota of the Luotuoling Formation or the green algae from the Dolores Creek Formation.

The first large evolutionary radiation of acritarchs occurred during the Tonian. Vase-shaped microfossils abound in late Tonian sediments and represent the earliest testate amoebozoans.

title: Tonian


text:
Dongshan, Yilan

Dongshan Township is a rural township in the central part of Yilan County, Taiwan.

Geography

 * Area: 79.86 km2
 * Population: 53,235 people (September 2023)

Administrative divisions
Zhenzhu, Bucheng, Sanji, Daxing, Tungcheng, Xianghe, Nanxing, Anping, Dongshan, Taihe, Babao, Wanshan, Zhongshan, Shunan, Yongmei, Wuyuan, Qunying, Qinggou, Lupu, Dean, Guangxing, Guangan, Kelin and Dajin Village.

Economy
The main industry in Dongshan Township are agriculture and tourism. In agriculture, tea and pomelo are the specialties for this township. While the tourism industry creates more business in leisure, food and beverages and farm tourism.

Tourist attractions

 * Meihua Lake
 * Shangri-La Leisure Farm

Transportation
The township is accessible by the Dongshan Station of the Taiwan Railway Administration.

Notable natives

 * Lee Chin-lung, Minister of Council of Agriculture (2002–2006)
 * Liao Feng-teh, politician
 * Yu Shyi-kun, Premier of the Republic of China (2002–2005)
 * Zhuang Jin-Cai, traditional theatre musician (1935–2021)

title: Dongshan, Yilan


text:
Dunadry

Dunadry is a hamlet and townland (of 657 acres) 3 miles (5 km) from Antrim in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the civil parish of Grange of Nilteen and the historic barony of Antrim Upper. It is within the Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council area. It had a population of 430 people (190 households) in the 2011 Census. (2001 Census: 237 people).

History
Around 1251 the name of Dunadry townland was recorded as Dunedergel. The Irish Dún Eadradh may reinterpret an earlier name, Dún Eadarghabhal (fort between forks), referring to a fort which formerly stood in the junction between the Six Mile Water River and the Rathmore Burn. The 1838 Ordnance Survey Memoir records Dunadry as taking its name from a fort which stood about 100 yards to the north of the village.

The site of an ancient church and graveyard, formerly the parish church of the Grange of Nilteen, lies in the townland. In the Papal Taxation c.1306 the church is recorded as Ecclesia de Drumnedergal. The Ordnance Survey Memoir of 1838 records, however, that the foundations of the church were wholly removed and the burial ground cultivated.

Transport
Dunadry railway station was opened on 11 April 1848 but closed on 20 September 1954.

title: Dunadry