text:
Hildebrandslied

The Hildebrandslied (Lay or Song of Hildebrand) is a heroic lay written in Old High German alliterative verse. It is the earliest poetic text in German, and it tells of the tragic encounter in battle between a father (Hildebrand) and a son (Hadubrand) who does not recognize him. It is the only surviving example in German of a genre which must have been important in the oral literature of the Germanic tribes.

The text was written in the 830s on two spare leaves on the outside of a religious codex in the monastery of Fulda. The two scribes were copying from an unknown older original, which itself must ultimately have derived from oral tradition. The story of Hildebrand and Hadubrand almost certainly goes back to 7th- or 8th-century Lombardy and is set against the background of the historical conflict between Theodoric and Odoacer in 5th-century Italy, which became a major subject for Germanic heroic legend. The fundamental story of the father and son who fail to recognize each other on the battlefield is much older and is found in a number of Indo-European traditions.

The manuscript itself has had an eventful history: twice looted in war but eventually returned to its rightful owner, twice moved to safety shortly before devastating air-raids, repeatedly treated with chemicals by 19th-century scholars, once almost given to Hitler, and torn apart and partly defaced by dishonest book dealers. It now resides, on public display, in a secure vault in the Murhard Library in Kassel.

The text is highly problematic: as a unique example of its genre, with many words not found in other German texts, its interpretation remains controversial. Difficulties in reading some of the individual letters and identifying errors made by the scribes mean that a definitive edition of the poem is impossible. One of the most puzzling features is the dialect, which shows a mixture of High German and Low German spellings which cannot represent any actually spoken dialect.

In spite of the many uncertainties over the text and continuing debate on the interpretation, the poem is widely regarded as the first masterpiece of German literature. "There can surely be no poem in world literature the exposition and development of which are terser and more compelling."

- A. T. Hatto

Synopsis
The opening lines of the poem set the scene: two warriors meet on a battlefield, probably as the champions of their two armies.

As the older man, Hildebrand opens by asking the identity and genealogy of his opponent. Hadubrand reveals that he did not know his father but the elders told him his father was Hildebrand, who fled eastwards in the service of Dietrich (Theodoric) to escape the wrath of Otacher (Odoacer), leaving behind a wife and small child. He believes his father to be dead.

Hildebrand responds by saying that Hadubrand will never fight such a close kinsman (an indirect way of asserting his paternity) and offers gold arm-rings he had received as a gift from the Lord of the Huns (the audience would have recognized this as a reference to Attila, whom according to legend Theodoric served).

Hadubrand takes this as a ruse to get him off guard and belligerently refuses the offer, accusing Hildebrand of deception, and perhaps implying cowardice. Hildebrand accepts his fate and sees that he cannot honourably refuse battle: he has no choice but to kill his own son or be killed by him.

They start to fight, and the text concludes with their shields smashed. But the poem breaks off in the middle of a line, not revealing the outcome.

The text
The text consists of 68 lines of alliterative verse, though written continuously with no consistent indication of the verse form. It breaks off in mid-line, leaving the poem unfinished at the end of the second page. However, it does not seem likely that much more than a dozen lines are missing.

The poem starts:

Structure
The basic structure of the poem comprises a long passage of dialogue, framed by introductory and closing narration. A more detailed analysis is offered by McLintock: Narrative (ll. 33–35a): Hildebrand removes an arm-ring Hildebrand's 3rd speech (l. 35b): and offers it to Hadubrand. While this structure accurately represents the surviving manuscript text, many scholars have taken issue with the position of ll. 46–48 ("I can see from your armour that you have a good lord at home and that you were never exiled under this regime"). In these lines, as it stands, Hildebrand comments on Hadubrand's armour and contrasts his son's secure existence with his own exile. Such a measured observation perhaps seems out of keeping with the confrontational tone of the surrounding conversation. Many have suggested, therefore, that the lines should more correctly be given to Hadubrand — from his mouth they become a challenge to Hildebrand's story of exile — and placed elsewhere. The most widely accepted placing is after l. 57, after Hildebrand has challenged Hadubrand to take an old man's armour. This has the advantage that it seems to account for the extraneous quad Hiltibrant in ll. 49 and 58, which would normally be expected to introduce a new speaker and seem redundant (as well as hypermetrical) in the manuscript version. Alternatively, De Boor would place the lines earlier, before l.33, where Hildebrand offers an arm-ring. However, more recently the trend has been to accept the placing of these lines and see the task as making sense of the text as it stands.
 * 1) Introductory narrative (ll. 1–6): The warriors meet and prepare for combat.
 * 2) Hildebrand's 1st speech, with introductory formula and characterization (ll. 7–13): Hildebrand asks his opponent's identity.
 * 3) Hadubrand's 1st speech, with introductory formula (ll. 14–29): Hadubrand names himself, tells how his father left with Dietrich, and that he believes him to be dead.
 * 4) Hildebrand's 2nd Speech (ll. 30–32): Hildebrand indicates his close kinship with Hadubrand.
 * 1) Hadubrand's 2nd speech, with introductory formula (ll. 36–44): Hadubrand rejects the proffered arm-ring, accuses Hildebrand of trying to trick him, and reasserts his belief that his father is dead.
 * 2) Hildebrand's 4th speech, with introductory formula (ll. 45–62): Hildebrand comments that Hadubrand's good armour shows he has never been an exile. Hildebrand accepts his fate, affirming that it would be cowardly to refuse battle and challenging Hadubrand to win his armour.
 * 3) Closing narrative (ll. 63–68): The warriors throw spears, close for combat and fight until their shields are destroyed.

Problems
In spite of the text's use of spare space in an existing manuscript, there is evidence that it was prepared with some care: the two sheets were ruled with lines for the script, and in a number of places letters have been erased and corrected. Nonetheless, some features of the text are hard to interpret as anything other than uncorrected errors. Some of these are self-evident copying errors, due either to misreading of the source or the scribe losing his place. An example of the latter is the repetition of darba gistuotun in l. 26b, which is hypermetrical and gives no sense – the copyist's eye must have been drawn to the Detrihhe darba gistuontun of l.23 instead of to the Deotrichhe in l.26b. Other obvious copying errors include mih for mir (l.13) and fatereres for fateres (l.24).

It seems also that the scribes were not entirely familiar with the script used in their source. The inconsistencies in the use and form of the wynn-rune, for example — sometimes with and sometimes without an acute stroke above the letter, once corrected from the letter p — suggest this was a feature of the source which was not a normal part of their scribal repertoire.

While these issues are almost certainly the responsibility of the Fulda scribes, in other cases an apparent error or inconsistency might already have been present in their source. The variant spellings of the names Hiltibrant/Hiltibraht, Hadubrant/Hadubraht, Theotrihhe/Detriche/Deotrichhe. were almost certainly present in the source. In several places, the absence of alliteration linking the two halves of a line suggests missing text, so ll.10a and 11b, which follow each other in the manuscript (fıreo ın folche • eddo welıhhes cnuosles du sis, "who his father was in the host • or what family you belong to")), do not make a well-formed alliterating line and in addition display an abrupt transition between third-person narrative and second-person direct speech. The phrase quad hiltibrant ("said Hildebrand") in lines 49 and 58 (possibly line 30 also) breaks the alliteration and seems to be a hypermetrical scribal addition to clarify the dialogue.

In addition to errors and inconsistencies, there are other features of the text which make it hard to interpret. Some words are hapax legomena (unique to the text), even if they sometimes have cognates in other Germanic languages. Examples include urhetto ("challenger"), billi ("battle axe") and gudhamo ("armour"). Since the Hildebrandslied is the earliest poetic text and the only heroic lay in German, and is the oldest heroic lay in any Germanic language, it is difficult to establish whether such words enjoyed broader currency in the 9th century or belonged to a (possibly archaic) poetic language.

The text's punctuation is limited: the only mark used is a sporadic punctus (•), and identifying clause and sentence boundaries is not always straightforward. Since the manuscript gives no indication of the verse form, line divisions are the judgments of modern editors.

Finally, the mixture of language features, mostly High German (Upper German) but with some highly characteristic Low German forms, means that the text could never have reflected the spoken language of an individual speaker and never been meant for performance.

Frederick Norman concludes, "The poem presents puzzles alike to palaeographers, linguists and literary historians."

Description
The manuscript of the Hildebrandslied is now in the Murhardsche Bibliothek in Kassel (signature 2° Ms. theol. 54). The codex consists of 76 folios containing two books of the Vulgate Old Testament (the Book of Wisdom and Ecclesiasticus) and the homilies of Origen. It was written in the 820s in Anglo-Saxon minuscule and Carolingian minuscule hands. The text of the Hildebrandslied was added in the 830s on the two blank outside leaves of the codex (1r and 76v).

The poem breaks off in the midst of the battle and there has been speculation that the text originally continued on a third sheet (now lost) or on the endpaper of the (subsequently replaced) back cover. However, it is also possible that the text was being copied from an incomplete original or represented a well-known episode from a longer story.

The Hildebrandslied text is the work of two scribes, of whom the second wrote only seven and a half lines (11 lines of verse) at the beginning of the second leaf. The scribes are not the same as those of the body of the codex. The hands are mainly Carolingian minuscule. However, a number of features, including the wynn-rune (ƿ) used for w suggest Old English influence, not surprising in a house founded by Anglo-Saxon missionaries.

The manuscript pages now show a number of patches of discoloration. These are the results of attempts by earlier scholars to improve the legibility of the text with chemical agents.

History
The manuscript's combination of Bavarian dialect and Anglo-Saxon palaeographic features make Fulda the only monastery where it could have been written. With its missionary links to North Germany, Fulda is also the most likely origin for the earlier version of the poem in which Old Saxon features were first introduced. In around 1550 the codex was listed in the monastery's library catalogue.

In 1632, during the Thirty Years War, the monastery was plundered and destroyed by Hessian troops. While most of the library's manuscripts were lost, the codex was among a number of stolen items later returned to the Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel and placed in the Court Library. In the aftermath of the political crisis of 1831, under the terms of Hesse's new constitution the library passed from the private possession of the landgraves to public ownership and became the Kassel State Library (Landesbibliothek).

In 1937 there was a proposal to make a gift of the manuscript to Adolf Hitler, but this was thwarted by the library's director, Wilhelm Hopf.

At the start of the Second World War, the manuscript, along with 19 others, was moved from the State Library to the underground vault of a local bank. This meant that it was not harmed in the Allied bombing raid in September 1941, which destroyed almost all the library's holdings. In August 1943 the codex (along with the Kassel Willehalm codex) was moved for safe keeping out of Kassel completely to a bunker in Bad Wildungen, south-west of the city, just in time to escape the devastating air-raids the following October, which destroyed the whole of the city centre. After the capture of Bad Wildungen by units of the US Third Army in March 1945, the bunker was looted and the codex went missing. An official investigation by the US Military Government failed to discover its fate. In November 1945 it was sold by US army officer Bud Berman to the Rosenbach Company, rare book dealers in Philadelphia. At some point the first folio, with the first page of the Hildebrandslied, was removed (presumably in order to disguise the origin of the codex, since that sheet carried the library's stamp). In 1950, even though the Pierpont Morgan Library had raised questions about the provenance of the codex and the Rosenbachs must have known it was looted, it was sold to the Californian bibliophile Carrie Estelle Doheny and placed in the Edward Laurence Doheny Memorial Library in Camarillo. In 1953 the codex was traced to this location, and in 1955 it was returned to Kassel. However, it was only in 1972 that the missing first folio (and the Kassel Willehalm) was rediscovered in the Rosenbach Museum and reunited with the codex.

The manuscript is now on permanent display in the Murhard Library.

Reception
Attention was first drawn to the codex and the Hildebrandslied by Johann Georg von Eckhart, who published the first edition of the poem in 1729. This included a hand-drawn facsimile of the start of the text, with a full transcription, a Latin translation and detailed glosses of the vocabulary. His translation shows a considerable range of errors and misconceptions (Hildebrand and Hadubrand are seen as cousins, for example, who meet on the way to battle). Also, he did not recognize the text as verse, and its historical significance consequently remained unappreciated.

Both the fact and the historical significance of the alliterative verse form were first recognized by the Brothers Grimm in their 1812 edition, which also showed improved transcription and understanding compared to Eckhart's, This is generally regarded as the first scholarly edition and there have been many since.

Wilhelm Grimm went on to publish the first facsimile of the manuscript in 1830, by which time he had recognized the two different hands and the oral origin of the poem. He had also become the first to use reagents in an attempt to clarify the text.

The first photographic facsimile was published by Sievers in 1872. This clearly shows the damage caused by the reagents used by Grimm and his successors.

The language
One of the most puzzling features of the Hildebrandslied is its language, which is a mixture of Old High German (with some specifically Bavarian features) and Old Saxon. For example, the first person pronoun appears both in the Old Saxon form ik and the Old High German ih. The reason for the language mixture is unknown, but it seems certain it cannot have been the work of the last scribes and was already present in the original which they copied.

The Old Saxon features predominate in the opening part of the poem and show a number of errors, which argue against an Old Saxon original. The alliteration of riche and reccheo in line 48 is often regarded as conclusive: the equivalent Old Saxon forms, rīke and wrekkio, do not alliterate and would have given a malformed line. Earlier scholars envisaged an Old Saxon original, but an Old High German original is now universally accepted.

The errors in the Old Saxon features suggest that the scribe responsible for the dialect mixture was not thoroughly familiar with the dialect. Forms such as heittu (l.17) and huitte (l.66) (Modern German heißen and weiß) are mistakes for Old Saxon spellings with a single $\langlet\rangle$. They suggest a scribe who does not realise that Old High German zz, resulting from the High German consonant shift, corresponds to t in Old Saxon in these words, not tt, that is, a scribe who has limited first-hand knowledge of Old Saxon.

The origin of the Dietrich legend in Northern Italy also suggests a southern origin is more likely.

The East Franconian dialect of Fulda was High German, but the monastery was a centre of missionary activity to Northern Germany. It is therefore not unreasonable to assume there was some knowledge of Old Saxon there, and perhaps even some Old Saxon speakers. However, the motivation for attempting a translation into Old Saxon remains inscrutable, and attempts to link it with Fulda's missionary activity among the Saxons remain speculative.

An alternative explanation treats the dialect as homogeneous, interpreting it as representative of an archaic poetic idiom.

Germanic
Legendary material about Hildebrand survived in Germany into the 17th century and also spread to Scandinavia, though the forms of names vary. A number of analogues either portray or refer to Hildebrand's combat with his son:
 * In Book VII of the Gesta Danorum (early 13th century), Hildiger reveals as he is dying that he has killed his own son.
 * In the 13th century Old Norse Thiðrekssaga, based on lost Low German sources, Hildibrandr defeats his son, Alibrandr. Alibrandr offers his sword in surrender but attempts to strike Hildibrandr as he reaches for it. Hildibrandr taunts him for having been taught to fight by a woman, but then asks if he is Alibrandr and they are reconciled.
 * The Early New High German Jüngeres Hildebrandslied (first attested in the fifteenth century) tells a similar story of the treacherous blow, the taunt that the son was taught to fight by a woman, and the final reconciliation.
 * In the 14th century Old Norse Ásmundar saga kappabana, Hildibrandr laments being forced to slay his son:

 * ‘The beloved son lies there behind at my head, the heir whom I begot; unwillingly I deprived [him] of life.’

 * In the Faroese ballad Snjólvskvæði, Hildebrand is tricked into killing his son.

Other Indo-European
There are three legends in other Indo-European traditions about an old hero who must fight his son and kills him after distrusting his claims of kinship:
 * In Irish medieval literature, the hero Cú Chulainn kills his son Conlaí.
 * In the Persian epic tale Shahnameh, Rostam kills his son Sohrab.
 * In a popular Rus' Bylina Ilya Muromets kills his son Podsokolnik.
 * In a passage of the Mahabharata, it is the son (Babruvahana) who kills his unidentified father (Arjuna), though the latter is later revived.
 * In the lost ancient Greek epic poem Telegony, Odysseus is killed by Telegonus, his son by Circe.

The ending
While the conclusion of the Hildebrandslied is missing, the consensus is that the evidence of the analogues supports the death of Hadubrand as the outcome of the combat. Even though some of the later medieval versions end in reconciliation, this can be seen as a concession to the more sentimental tastes of a later period. The heroic ethos of an earlier period would leave Hildebrand no choice but to kill his son after the dishonourable act of the treacherous stroke. There is some evidence that this original version of the story survived into the 13th century in Germany: the Minnesänger Der Marner refers to a poem about the death of young Alebrand.

Origins
The poet of the Hildebrandslied has to explain how father and son could fail to know each other. To do so, he has set the encounter against the background of the Dietrich legend based on the life of Theodoric the Great, an important subject in Germanic heroic legend.

Historically, Theodoric invaded Italy in 489, defeated and killed the ruling King of Italy, Odoacer, to establish his own Ostrogothic Kingdom. Theodoric ruled from 493 to 526, but the kingdom was destroyed by the Eastern Emperor Justinian I in 553, and thereafter the invading Lombards seized control of Northern Italy. By this time the story of Theodoric's conflict with Odoacer had been recast, contrary to historical fact, as a tale of Theodoric's return from exile, thus justifying his war on Odoacer as an act of revenge rather than an unprovoked attack.

In the Dietrich legend, Hildebrand is a senior warrior in Theodoric's army (in the Nibelungenlied he is specifically Dietrich's armourer). However, there is no evidence of a historical Hildebrand, and since names in -brand are overwhelmingly Lombard rather than Gothic, it seems certain that the tale of Hildebrand and Hadubrand was first linked with the legend of Theodoric's exile by a Lombard rather than a Gothic poet. However, attention has been drawn to the fact that one of Theodoric's' generals bore the nickname Ibba. While this could not have been a nickname for Hildebrand among the Goths, it might have been so interpreted later among the Lombards.

In the later re-tellings of the Dietrich legend, Theodoric is driven into exile not by Odoacer but by Ermanaric (in historical fact a 4th century King of the Goths), which suggests that the earliest version of the Hildebrandslied was created when the legend still had some loose connection to the historical fact of the conflict with Odoacer. This first version of the story would probably have been composed some time in the 7th century, though it is impossible to tell how close it is in form to the surviving version.

Transmission
The oral transmission of a Lombard poem northwards to Bavaria would have been facilitated by the fact that the Langobardic and Bavarian dialects were closely related forms of Upper German, connected via the Alpine passes. The two peoples were also connected by dynastic marriages and cultural contacts throughout the history of the Lombard Kingdom. By the late 8th century, both the Lombard Kingdom and the Duchy of Bavaria had been incorporated into the Frankish Empire.

The evidence of the phonology of the Hildebrandslied is that the first written version of this previously oral poem was set down in Bavaria in the 8th century.

While Fulda was an Anglo-Saxon foundation located in the East Franconian dialect area, it had strong links with Bavaria: Sturmi, the first abbot of Fulda, was a member of the Bavarian nobility, and Bavarian monks had a considerable presence at the monastery. This is sufficient to account for a Bavarian poem in Fulda by the end of the 8th Century. Fulda also had links with Saxony, evidenced by its missionary activity among the Saxons and the Saxon nobles named in the monastery's annals. This makes it uniquely placed for the attempt to introduce Saxon features into a Bavarian text, though the motivation for this remains a mystery. This Saxonised version then, in the 830s, served as the source of the surviving manuscript.

In summary, the probable stages in transmission are:
 * 1) Lombard original (7th century)
 * 2) Bavarian adaptation (8th century)
 * 3) Reception in Fulda (8th century)
 * 4) Saxonised version (c. 800?)
 * 5) Surviving version (830s)

Motivation
A final issue is the motivation of the two scribes for copying the Hildebrandslied. Among the suggestions are: There is no consensus on the answer to this question.
 * Antiquarian interest
 * A connection with Charlemagne's impulse to collect ancient songs
 * Interest in the legal questions the song raises
 * A negative example, possibly for missionary purposes: the tragic result of adhering to outdated heroic rather than Christian ethics
 * A commentary on the fraught relationship between Louis the Pious and his sons.

title: Hildebrandslied


text: User talk:141.158.181.11

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:141.158.181.11


text:
Talk:Generalized flag variety

Stiefel manifold
Actually Stiefel manifold does it with orthogonal groups, not general linear groups.

Charles Matthews 11:21, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Parabolic subgroups and contractible
A recent deleted material that was vague, but material that definitely contributed to the article.

 * It removed the discussion of parabolic subgroups of GL, though flag manifolds are both well understood through their stabilizers and their stabilizers well understood through them. This should be restored (preferably made less vague).

 * It also removed the statement that the standard flag manifolds are projective varieties. Since this is both a critical property they have and a place where they are critical examples, this should be restored (perhaps less vaguely).

 * It also removed an interesting principle that the unipotent subgroup is contractible, so in some cases may be ignored. I'm not sure I understood it, but removing a general principle just because it is general seems a very poor idea.  This should be restored, and if someone understands it clearly, made less vague.  However, it cites specific examples of the principal which are important for the article.

The rest of the recent edits have been good. At one point the phrase "special linear group" appears when probably one means "general linear group" or "automorphism group". No possibility reads that well, and simply deleting the words fixes the problem, but I didn't want to remove meaning just because of a typo. JackSchmidt (talk) 21:09, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Hey, I'm glad someone else cares about this article which has been so neglected! But re points 1 and 2, these are both covered properly in the article now, so the deletion eliminated duplication.
 * For the third point, I am unconvinced that the contractibility of the unipotent subgroup (over R or C) is particularly relevant. In this context the transitive action of a maximal compact subgroup is a much more pertinent observation which packs essentially the same punch. I didn't spot the general/special typo yet. Nilradical (talk) 21:41, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

wow
this is some amazing stuff but i can't grasp it at all.....bravo you smart bastards! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.171.3.145 (talk) 07:31, 29 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Thank you! 67.198.37.16 (talk) 06:24, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

How to represent a "double" or 8 torus?
Hi, i am not really sure where to ask this, but I am looking for a way to represent the 2 dimensional compact manifold that is a double torus, alternatively stated: the connected sum of 2 toruses of dimension 2. I am trying to model something, but would prefer a representation close to grassmanian manifold / flag variety / ... without using an "atlas of charts" cutting the topology up which would force me to model fields in the spaces with seperate functions on each chart...

I remember looking this up a few years ago, and I had found a paper/book in which a variety was constructed which was the double torus, however I cant find it back...

Is there a comprehensive overview somewhere on the web which lists compact manifolds and shows the relations between them ? i.e. I would be able to search by dimension, orientability, choose 2 spaces and take connected sum, or product space? the spaces wouldnt need to display a way of modeling the space, just names and perhaps some properties such that I could identify which space I am envisioning and I can communicate it to others? 11:32, 25 April 2012 User:83.134.158.212

 * I can't quite tell what you are talking about, are you talking about the genus-2 Riemann surface? This thing: Genus g surface? If so, then I imagine most-any book on Riemann surfaces should cover it. It's a fascinating topic, well-worth every minute spent on it. 67.198.37.16 (talk) 06:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Generalized flag variety


text:
User talk:Gaurav1146

Welcome!
Hi Gaurav1146, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 11:21, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Re : Your Queries
Hi, Guarav:

I can find this page, but what must I do to write here? Or is this the right way?

Antonio

1a) Yes, the articles are case-sensitive, with the exception that the first letter of any article is converted to upper case. For example, 'singapore' and 'Singapore' is recongized as the same, whereas 'Anti-Sikh Riots' and 'Anti-Sikh riots' are not.

1b) To create a redirect, type in #REDIRECT article name to be redirected to then click on Save page.

2) There are two kinds of search engines you can use. When Wikipedia is experiencing not-so-high traffic levels, the Wiki search engine is used and I must admit it doesn't produce very good results. During high traffic, Google/Yahoo search is substituted. If you are just like me who prefers the good old Google within Wikipedia, use this URL :

http://www.google.com/search?domains=en.wikipedia.org&num=50&ie=iso-8859-1&oe=iso-8859-1&q=Wikipedia&btnG=Google+Search&sitesearch=en.wikipedia.org

I hope I have answered your questions. Happy editing! :)

- Mailer Diablo 22:53, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

News sources/Internet/Africa
Hello Gaurav1146,

Recently I created a new subpage of News sources. If you take a look at the talk page you will see the argument against a speedy delete. Could you please give your reasons for listing this page on speedy delete. Barnaby dawson 12:07, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The moment when I visited the page it had just one external link and no write up. I thought a page with just one External link and no introduction was not a suitable article. So I marked it for deletion. And probably I was not wrong as same was felt by the administrators. Gaurav1146 12:27, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The point is that it isn't by itself a page. It's a subpage. It's not accessible except through News sources. It is also clear that it can be made into a useful subpage. As such it is not reasonable to list it for deletion especially speedy deletion. Please can you remove the tag for deletion (I can't as I created the page).

Perhaps you came across this page out of the context of News sources. If so could you tell me how. I do not want other subpages still in their infancy to be deleted in error.

In general a subpage with this little text would not be useful. However, the purpose of the news sources collection is to provide NPOV by categorizing news sources a heirarchical structure. As such there must will be subpages with little on them. Barnaby dawson 12:42, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I got your point and I have removed the tag. I came to this page through RC Patrol. Sorry for the inconvenience. Gaurav1146 12:57, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thank you. I will consider putting explanatory text at the top of the subpages of News sources to explain why they exist and to prevent this from happening again. Barnaby dawson 13:16, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Re : Query
Hi Gaurav1146,

Regarding your Photoelasticity article, first of all try wikifying it. Requests for expansion is one of the many ways, in which you have already done so. Another way is to categorize the article as mechanics-related. You can also look around and view the page history of some other similiarly-related articles and see who are the major mechanics contributors which you can seek help for.

Good luck with your latest article! :)

- Cheers, Mailer Diablo 17:34, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Image source
Discussion moved to Image talk:Amisha.jpg.

Votes for deletion
Welcome to Wikipedia! Recently, you suggested that Department of Microbiology,University of Dhaka,Bangladesh should be deleted, but you didn't get it all the way to the page where we could vote on it. I've finished the nomination for you, so you can go here and add your vote and your original thoughts on the article. If you have any questions, please let me know on my talk page. Joyous 00:22, Mar 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm on my way to work, so here's a short version, and I'll add details later. For now, go  here to add your vote to the current discussion.  Just click the small "edit" tab to add your comments and vote.  For general (and some say, confusing) instructions on how to add articles to the list for deletion, check out the bottom of the Votes for deletion page.   It's really not as hard as the instructions would indicate, and I'll be glad to clarify them when I get home this afternoon.    Joyous 12:07, Mar 21, 2005 (UTC)

Surrealist Group of Pakistan
Gaurav1146, the article on the Surrealist Group of Pakistan was already deleted upon a consensus vote. There is no evidence to prove that they ever really existed. Please do not keep adding them back to the Surrealism article, unless you can find the names of all the surrealists in that group, their artworks, where they exhibited, and all the names of their publications, and proving that they are notable. The consensus from the Wikipedia community on the Surrealist Group of Pakistan was that they were a hoax, unless you have evidence to prove that they were real, and you can provide answers to the questions that I asked you above, then we can work on an article for them and mention them back in the Surrealism article as well. In the meantime, they are a hoax.Classicjupiter2 16:05, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to be clear, there was certainly no wikipedia consensus that the group is a "hoax". There was a 6 to 2 vote to delete the article, which would more accurately be called a 75% majority than a consensus, but it appeared to satisfy the counting admin enough to delete the article. I have no idea how "real" the group is, or if the author of the statement attributed to them is really from Pakistan. But I do know that Classicjupiter2's statement above is intentionally inaccurate and misleading.  ~leif ☺ HELO 03:07, Mar 31, 2005 (UTC)

Naming convention
Hey Gaurav,

According to Naming conventions, second and consecutive words in titles should always be in lowercase unless they are proper nouns. Also, I'd recommend you move Anti-Sikh Riots into something more specific (1984 Anti-Sikh riots?) or, even better, integrate it into the page on Indira Gandhi.

btw, like your articles: very well written and clear!

cheers, Gaurav 14:44, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Re: Photoelasticity
The change that I made was to correct misspelling of wavelength. I don't know anything about the subject, however, one suggestion that I can make is to change "History of Photoelasticty" and "Principle of Photoelasticity" to simply "History" and "Principle(s)". --Berkut 22:15, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Spell Checker
Though I am not Jimbo Wales, I can give you a suggestion. Put whatever you write in a program like Microsoft Word, run spell check, and paste it into the Edit page. Zscout370 16:23, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Speedy deletions
before you mark an article for speedy deletion, it's really important to check the History (see, for example, Oona King). --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:39, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Re : Deleting Images
Hi Gaurav again, :)

If you want to delete an image, put it up for Images for Deletion. If you just need to replace an image, you can just overwrite an existing one by uploading the image with the same filename, and then contact me to delete the older versions. If both are neither what you wanted to do, let me know which images you're having problems with and I'll see what I can do. ;)

- Cheers, Mailer Diablo 20:53, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

blocked
Hi Gaurav,

I just blocked him. I wanted to make sure he had time to read the "last warning" message. Best wishes, and happy editing! Antandrus 20:30, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Zeenat Aman
Hello Gaurav,

I recently ran into the article Zeenat Aman of which you added most of the text on February 7, 2005. Within the text, there were many HTML line breaks (  ) and spaces (&nbsp). This makes me believe that either you copied the text from the Web or that you were trying to format the output of the article. If you're not aware, I just wanted to mention the following points:

 * Any text copied directly from the Web must be in the public domain.
 * Formatting control codes like  and &nbsp should be used sparingly, and aren't necessary when needing to indent or start a new paragraph (like in the article mentioned).

Please review your other articles to make sure the same issue isn't there.

Thanks. =)

Image:Adrienbrody.jpg
Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 10:58, May 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I can delete it. I have no idea why it has not been deleted of IFD. Cheers, Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 22:57, May 23, 2005 (UTC)

Images for deletion
Thanks. They have been deleted. I left Image:Amisha.jpg as it is clearly a magazine cover, and thus has a source and has been tagged as such. Cheers. Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 07:14, May 24, 2005 (UTC)

Vote for deletion alert
I see from the page history for Cut Ending to Knights of the Old Republic II that you once edited it. I thought you would like to know that there is a VfD on that page now at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion/Cut_Ending_to_Knights_of_the_Old_Republic_II. Please stop in there and comment on this vote! --maru 15:55, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Mind Benders
Hello! I've noticed your past interest in Mind Benders and wanted to let you know that round one is now officially open! Consisting of ten challenging, puzzling questions, it is sure to be tons of WikiFun! In addition, take a look at all 9 of our great artistic entries and vote for one of them! Hope to see you there! Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 16:22, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Mind Benders
Hello! I've noticed your past interest in Mind Benders and wanted to let you know that round one is now officially open! Consisting of ten challenging, puzzling questions, it is sure to be tons of WikiFun! In addition, take a look at all 9 of our great artistic entries and vote for one of them! Hope to see you there! Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 16:23, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Mind Benders
Hello,. Thank you for submitting an entry to the pre-round and/or participating in round one of WP:MIND. I sincerly hope you enjoyed it. Round Two, which I have made a bit more difficult than round one, will open at approximately 2 PM EST, Sunday, July 24. In addition, the voting for pre-round has also been extended until the end of round two. I hope to see you at Round Two, so prepare for some WikIFun!!! Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 17:42, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Re : Celebrity Images
Hi Gaurav,

To delete any image(s), list them at Wikipedia:Image For Deletion. As far as I can recall, "scantily clad" images isn't a criteria for deletion. See What_Wikipedia_is_not for details.

- Best regards, Mailer Diablo 16:58, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Gaurav,

 * You didn't tell me which are the alleged pages yet! =P Anyway, point taken, although personally a few (rather than one, but not too many on the other hand) would be good for variety purposes.

 * If these images really annoy you, Be bold! and list them on Images for Deletion with your reasons, they should be processed in one week if there are no objections.

 * Best regards, - Mailer Diablo 08:44, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry to interfere in your conversation, but if you find a scantily clad image, insert {{lc}}. Basically, it just keeps track of such images and can, in the future, depending on WP's policy, be dealt in whatever way. pamri 07:28, August 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, {{lc}} used to categorise the articles under Category:Images of people with little clothing but the category was deleted. Mainly, the template's function is to help track such images. pamri 11:36, August 13, 2005 (UTC)

flag of India
Raul refers not like to select a featured article on the same day that there is an anniversary on the related topic. He feels that the 'Independence of India' event and the 'flag of india' are too close a subject to be put on the main page. He had earlier put it on the 13th, but I req him to at least advance it for a day. India's flag was hoisted on the midnight of Aug 14, so at least it has some connection. Also, for about 5 and a half hours, the flag of India will be featured on 15 aug with respect to IST. (New article is selected 5:30 am IST) =Nichalp «Talk»=  18:46, August 12, 2005 (UTC)

Re: 1984 Anti-Sikh riots
Thanks. I'll add the captions. I've also written another one on Punjab, Punjab Insurgency. Do take a look. --Gaurav Arora Talk 07:45, August 15, 2005 (UTC)

Thank You So Much
I recently wrote on Kate's page about top 10 edit counts and you posted mine for me. That was really really really nice and considerate of you, I really appreciate that someone would take the time to do such a friendly and unselfish act. I hope we cross paths in the future again and good luck in the future! - Patman2648 | talk 19:19, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

India related links
--Pamri • Talk • [ Reply] 14:24, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Re : Help:Donna Reed
Hi Gaurav1146,

Filenames are CaSe-SeNsItIvE. Your image was uploaded as Image:DonnaReed.JPG, while the existing one is Image:DonnaReed.jpg. (i.e. JPG and jpg are different)

I would say make the resolution of the uploaded image smaller (300px is reaonsable), to strengthen your claim for fair use. And if possible, provide the source of the film where you got it from.

If you have any further questions, let me know on my talkpage! :)

- Cheers, Mailer Diablo 09:39, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Re : WikiBreak
Hi Gaurav,

Thanks for your concern, that was greatly appreciated. My WikiStress greatly improved, especially after Raul654's decision to promote Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore). I'm not yet going back to active editing until after 2006 Chinese New Year, but I'll be settling a conduct issue aganist a trouble user in the meantime.

If you need me for anything urgent, let me know on my talkpage! :)

- Cheers, Mailer Diablo 10:28, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

Welcome to Esperanza!
Welcome,, to Esperanza, the Wikipedia member association! As you might know, all the Esperanzians share one important goal: the success of this encyclopedia. Within that, we then attempt to strengthen the community bonds, and be the "approachable" side of the project. All of our ideals are held in the Charter, the governing document of the association.

Now that you are a member you should read the guide to what to do now or you may be interested in some of our programs. A quite important program is the StressUnit, which seeks to support editors who have encountered any stress from their Wikipedia events, and are seeking to leave the project. So far, Esperanza can be credited with the support and retention of several users. Redwolf24 runs the spam to keep members up to date. Also, we have a calendar of special events, member birthdays, and other holidays that you can add to and follow.

In addition to these projects, several more missions of Esperanza are in development, and are currently being created at Esperanza/Possibles.

I encourage you to take an active voice in the running of Esperanza. We have a small government system, headed by our Administrator general, Celestianpower, and guided by the Advisory Committee comprised of FireFox, Flcelloguy, Titoxd, and Karmafist. The next set of elections will be in February, and I would be glad to see you vote, or even consider running for a position.

If you have any other questions, concerns, comments, or general ideas, Esperanzian or otherwise, know that you can always contact Celestianpower by email or talk page or the Esperanza talk page. Alternatively, you could communicate with fellow users via our IRC channel, #wikipedia-esperanza (which is also good for a fun chat or two :). I thank you for joining Esperanza, and look forward to working with you in making Wikipedia a better place to work! Cheers, Sango  123   (talk)  21:07, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Another Esperanzial note...
Hi again Esperanzians! Well, since our last frolic in the realms of news, the Advisory Council has met twice more (see WP:ESP/ACM2 and WP:ESP/ACM3). As a result, the charter has been ammended twice (see here for details) and all of the shortcuts have been standardised (see the summary for more details). Also of note is the Valentines ball that will take place in the Esperanza IRC channel on the 14th of February (tomorrow). It will start at 6pm UTC and go on until everyone's had enough! I hope to see you all there! Also, the spamlist has been dissolved - all Esperanzians will now recieve this update "newsletter".

The other major notice I need to tell you about is the upcoming Esperanza Advisory Council Elections. These will take place from 12:00 UTC on February 20th to 11:59 UTC on February 27th. The official handing-over will take place the following day. Candidates are able to volunteer any time before the 20th, so long as they are already listed on the members list. Anyone currently listed on the memberlist can vote. In a change since last time, if you have already been a member of the leadership, you may run again. Due to the neutrality precident, I will not vote for anyone.

Yours, as ever, Esperanzially,

--Cel es tianpower háblame 09:00, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

(message delivered by FireFox using AWB on Celestianpower's behalf)

Old Skool Esperanzial note
Since this isn't the result of an AC meeting, I have decided to go Old Skool. This note is to remind you that the elections are taking place now and will end at 23:50 UTC on 2006-04-29. Please vote here. Thanks. --Cel es tianpower háblame 20:42, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Hi,

thanks for sending me a message. I come from the Dutch Wikipedia, and I'm very bad in English, so it would not be a good idea for me to place articles

Moviefan

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Christinaapplegate.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Christinaapplegate.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently specifies that your image can be used under a fair use license. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If your image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why your image was deleted. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Abu Badali 22:54, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Abu,

 * I had added the image which was a magazine cover, so qualified under fair use(as per fair use guidelines at that time). The article's edit history shows that you have removed the image. If you feel that the image does not qualify under fair use you may either mark it for deletion or request an admin to delete it.Gaurav1146 03:45, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello, Gaurav.

 * Acording to the text on Magazinecover, magazine covers can only be used "to illustrate the publication of the issue of the magazine in question" and "it is not acceptable to use images with this tag in the article of the person or persons depicted on the cover...". That is, it's fair use to use the image Image:Christinaapplegate.jpg to ilustrate the Cosmopolitan (magazine) article ("the issue of the magazine in question"), but not to illustrate Christina Applegate ("the person or persons depicted on the cover").

 * One image is not fair use per se. The use of an image is what may or not be fair. Thanks, and happy editing! --Abu Badali 06:42, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

A short Esperanzial update
As you may have gathered, discussions have been raging for about a week on the Esperanza talk page as to the future direction of Esperanza. Some of these are still ongoing and warrant more input (such as the idea to scrap the members list altogether). However, some decisions have been made and the charter has hence been amended. See what happened. Basically, the whole leadership has had a reshuffle, so please review the new, improved charter.

As a result, we are electing 4 people this month. They will replace JoanneB and Pschemp and form a new tranche A, serving until December. Elections will begin on 2006-07-02 and last until 2006-07-09. If you wish to run for a Council position, add your name to the list before 2006-07-02. For more details, see Esperanza/June 2006 elections.

Thanks and kind, Esperanzial regards, —Cel es tianpower háblame 16:00, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Re: Image deletion
You had placed a lot of messages related to deletion of images on my talk page. I had replied earlier that as per the guidelines at the time when I uploaded these image magazine covers came under fair use. But now those guidelines have been slightly modified and magazine covers come only under fair use if they are used in an article related to the magazine.

But I have some questions about two screenshots that I had uploaded which are Image:DonnaReed.JPG and Image:JamesDonald.JPG. I believe that screenshots do come under fair use. Please let me know why you have marked them for deletion. Gaurav1146 10:23, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello, Gaurav1146. I understand that image deletion warnings may be very bothersome. But, as far as I understand, they are a necessary step of the image deletion bureocracy. Hadn't I put the messages, OrphanBot would have done that. I'm sorry for the inconvenience.
 * About screenshots, as described in bold letters on the film-screenshot template, they should only be used for identification and critical commentary on the film and its contents. Using a movie screeshot to illustrate an article about the person depicted on the image, with the movie itself being just mentioned on the article, is not considered fair use under the Wikipedia guidelines.
 * Let me know if I may still be of any help. Best Regards, --Abu Badali 14:18, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

1984 Anti-Sikh riots
Please do not remove redirects and replace with a copy from another page. Doing this has the effect of erasing the page history. Please use the move feature.

Incidentally, 'pogrom' is a perfectly valid word to describe the incidents. Especially with the increasing evidence of Congress party member's involvement. Sukh | ਸੁਖ | Talk 15:26, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Okay, I'm learning...thax for the info. Antonio Giusti 05:32, 10 August 2006 (UTC)Antonio

Re: Article Fix Reqest
When I click on that link (Atlas (anatomy)), it brings me to the page just fine; is it still not showing up for you? I checked the logs and it hasn't been deleted or undeleted. Let me know if it's still acting funny, or if all is good now. -- Nataly a 11:18, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Hi there. Trying to edit the entry on Guerrazzi, which includes what seems to me a badly translated quote from Italian. I'd like to straighten out the quote, but how do I find the original entry in Italian? Antonio Giusti 06:30, 11 October 2006 (UTC)Antonio Giusti

Hi again. I created some new stub entries, which I'll flesh out later. In one, on a periodical called Il Conciliatore, how do it set it up so you can search it by both that name and simply by Conciliatore? Is that "disambiguation"? Antonio Giusti 06:48, 14 October 2006 (UTC)Antonio Giusti

Okay, and I don't add "creation" to indicate that it's a new entry, nor do I add my name, correct? I notice someone comes after me, removes that info, and adds "stubb" -- should I be doing that? Antonio Giusti 23:10, 14 October 2006 (UTC)Antonio Giusti

youre from NOIDA?
hey cool. I too live in NOIDA :D

Non-free use disputed for Image:TheRiseandFalloftheThirdReich.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:TheRiseandFalloftheThirdReich.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:36, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

=
================= Hi, there. Got a question, as below:

Talk:Lodovico di Breme From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search

Does anyone know how to correct the entry's title from the incorrect first name "Lodovico" to the correct "Ludovico"? Thanks. Antonio Giusti 19:02, 8 September 2007 (UTC)Antonio Giusti

Antonio Giusti 02:32, 15 September 2007 (UTC)Antonio Giusti

NYC Meetup
You would be very welcome to join us at the meetup. We would like to accommodate both local people and non-local people, and have scheduled accordingly. The "official" meeting from 2:30 to 5 at Columbia University will focus mostly on local issues (and you're welcome to join us there too); but the dinner and events afterward will be of a general nature. Also, the special behind-the-scenes tour of the American Museum of Natural History earlier that morning (it hasn't been scheduled exactly yet) will also be of a general nature. By the way, last time we were joined by User:Dwaipayanc, who had also attended a meetup in India.--Pharos (talk) 05:18, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

AMNH tour
We need to get a preliminary head-count for the AMNH tour happening before the meet-up. If you think you would like to go, please sign up at Meetup/NYC. Thanks! ScienceApologist (talk) 03:01, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

Vote for a post-meetup restaurant
I'm charged with making the reservations for us, so let's make it official. We'll do this via voting and everyone including anonymous voters, sockpuppets, and canvassed supporters is enfranchised. Voting irregularities and election fraud are encouraged as that would be really amusing in this instance. Please vote for whichever restaurant you would like to eat at given the information provided above and your own personal prejudices at Meetup/NYC. The prevailing restaurant will be called first for the reservation. If a reservation cannot be obtained at the winning restaurant, the runner-up restaurant will be called thus making this entire process pointless. Voting ends 24 hours after this timestamp (because I said so). ScienceApologist (talk) 17:19, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:KellyBrook.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:KellyBrook.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 10:38, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

New mailing list
There has been a mailing list created for Wikipedians in the New York metropolitan area (list: Wikimedia NYC). Please consider joining it!  Cbrown1023   talk   21:06, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

You are invited!
In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to meta:Wikimedia New York City activities, and have salon-style group discussions on Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects (see the last meeting's minutes).

Well also make preparations for our exciting Wikipedia Takes Manhattan event, a free content photography contest for Columbia University students planned for Friday March 28 (about 2 weeks after our meeting).

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and (weather permitting) hold a late-night astronomy event at Columbia's telescopes.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

You're also invited to subscribe to the public Wikimedia New York City mailing list, which is a great way to receive timely updates. This has been an automated delivery because you were on the invite list. BrownBot (talk) 02:50, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

NYC Meetup: June 1, 2008
In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to meta:Wikimedia New York City activities, elect a board of directors, and hold salon-style group discussions on Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects (see the last meeting's minutes).

We'll also review our recent Wikipedia Takes Manhattan event, and make preparations for our exciting successor Wiki Week bonanza, being planned with Columbia University students for September or October.

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and (weather permitting) hold a late-night astronomy event at Columbia's telescopes.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

Also, check out our regional US Wikimedia chapters blog Wiki Northeast (and we're open to guest posts). This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 23:47, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Swimsuit templates
As a leading editor at Ana Beatriz Barros, Fernanda Tavares and Daniela Peštová you may have an interest in the debate at Templates_for_deletion/Log/2008_June_27 regarding swimsuit issue templates.--TonyTheTiger (t/c/bio/WP:CHICAGO/WP:LOTM) 01:27, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

Second Annual WikiNYC Picnic
Greetings! You are invited to attend the second annual New York picnic on August 24! This year, it will be taking place in the Long Meadow of Prospect Park in Brooklyn. If you plan on coming, please sign up and be sure to bring something! Please be sure to come! You have received this automated delivery because your name was on the invite list. BrownBot (talk) 20:09, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Wikis Take Manhattan
WHAT Wikis Take Manhattan is a scavenger hunt and free content photography contest aimed at illustrating Wikipedia and StreetsWiki articles covering sites and street features in Manhattan and across the five boroughs of New York City. The event is based on last year's Wikipedia Takes Manhattan, and has evolved to include StreetsWiki this year as well.

LAST YEAR'S EVENT

 * Wikipedia Takes Manhattan/Spring 2008 (a description of the results, and the uploading party)
 * Commons:Wikipedia Takes Manhattan/Gallery (our cool gallery)

WINNINGS? Prizes include a dinner for three with Wikipedia creator Jimmy Wales at Pure Food & Wine, gift certificates to Bicycle Habitiat and the LimeWire Store, and more!

WHEN The hunt will take place Saturday, September 27th from 1:00pm to 6:30pm, followed by prizes and celebration.

WHO All Wikipedians and non-Wikipedians are invited to participate in team of up to three (no special knowledge is required at all, just a digital camera and a love of the city). Bring a friend (or two)!

REGISTER The proper place to register your team is here. It's also perfectly possible to register on the day of when you get there, but it will be slightly easier for us if you register beforehand.

WHERE Participants can begin the hunt from either of two locations: one at Columbia University (at the sundial on college walk) and one at The Open Planning Project's West Village office. Everyone will end at The Open Planning Project:

 * Wikis Take Manhattan page at The Open Planning Project

 * 349 W. 12th St. #3
 * Between Greenwich & Washington Streets
 * By the 14th St./8th Ave. ACE/L stop

FOR UPDATES

Check out:

 * Wikis Take Manhattan main website

This will have a posting if the event is delayed due to weather or other exigency.

Thanks,
 * Pharos

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list. This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 00:07, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

NYC Meetup: You are invited!
In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to meta:Wikimedia New York City activities, finalize and approve bylaws, interact with representatives from the Software Freedom Law Center, and hold salon-style group discussions on Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects (see the June meeting's minutes and the September meeting's minutes).

We'll also review our recent Wikis Take Manhattan event, and make preparations for our exciting successor Wikipedia Loves Art! bonanza, being planned with the Brooklyn Museum for February.

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and (weather permitting) hold a late-night astronomy event at Columbia's telescopes.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

To keep up-to-date on local events, you can also join our mailing list. This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 22:15, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

You're invited!
In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to meta:Wikimedia New York City activities, look at our approval by the Chapters Committee, develop ideas for chapter projects at museums and libraries throughout our region, and hold salon-style group discussions on Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects (see the November meeting's minutes and the December mini-meetup's minutes).

We'll make preparations for our exciting museum photography Wikipedia Loves Art! February bonanza (on Flickr, on Facebook) with Shelley from the Brooklyn Museum and Alex from the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

We'll also be collecting folks to join our little Wikipedia Takes the Subway adventure which will be held the day after the meeting.

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and generally enjoy ourselves and kick back.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

To keep up-to-date on local events, you can also join our mailing list. This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 02:05, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

NYC Meetup: You're invited!
Join us the evenings of Friday February 6 and Saturday February 7 around Wikipedia Loves Art! museum photography events at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Brooklyn Museum.

There will also be a special business meeting on Saturday dedicated to discussing Wikimedia New York City issues with guests from the Wikimedia Foundation.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

To keep up-to-date on local events, you can also join our mailing list. This has been automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 22:21, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

You're invited!
This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 19:18, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

You're invited...
In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to meta:Wikimedia New York City activities, establish a membership process for the chapter, review the upcoming Wiki-Conference New York 2009 (planned for ~100 people at NYU this summer) and future projects like Wikipedia at the Library, and hold salon-style group discussions on Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects (see the March meeting's minutes).

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and generally enjoy ourselves and kick back.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

To keep up-to-date on local events, you can also join our mailing list. This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 21:57, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

You're invited...
In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to meta:Wikimedia New York City activities, review the recent Wiki-Conference New York, plan for the next stages of projects like Wikipedia Takes Manhattan and Wikipedia at the Library, and hold salon-style group discussions on Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects (see the May meeting's minutes).

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and generally enjoy ourselves and kick back.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

To keep up-to-date on local events, you can also join our mailing list. This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 02:27, 1 September 2009 (UTC)

Wikis Take Manhattan
This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 21:01, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

You're invited!
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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Gaurav1146! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 21:21, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Pullela Gopichand -

Wikipedia Day NYC
You are invited to celebrate Wikipedia Day and the 9th anniversary (!) of the founding of the site at Wikipedia Day NYC on Sunday January 24, 2010 at New York University; sign up for Wikipedia Day NYC here. Newcomers are very welcome! Bring your friends! This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 00:46, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

NYC Wikipedia Meetup Sunday, March 21
In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to meta:Wikimedia New York City activities, review the recent Wikipedia Day NYC, plan for the next stages of projects like Wikipedia at the Library and Lights Camera Wiki, and hold salon-style group discussions on Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects, for example User:ScienceApologist will present on "climate change, alternative medicine, UFOs and Transcendental Meditation" (see the November meeting's minutes).

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and generally enjoy ourselves and kick back. And if the weather is good, we'll have a star party with the telescopes on the roof of Pupin Hall!

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

To keep up-to-date on local events, you can also join our mailing list. This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 15:19, 13 March 2010 (UTC)

NYC Wikipedia Meetup Saturday, May 22
In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to meta:Wikimedia New York City activities, review the recent Wikimedia Chapters Meeting 2010, plan for the next stages of projects like Wiki-Conference NYC and Wikipedia Cultural Embassy, and hold salon-style group discussions on Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects (see the March meeting's minutes).

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and generally enjoy ourselves and kick back.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

To keep up-to-date on local events, you can also join our mailing list. This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 21:03, 12 May 2010 (UTC)

Mail
-- ɑηsuмaη ʈ ᶏ ɭ Ϟ 09:41, 28 April 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:54, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Redirecting page:A Secular_Agenda
A page you created, A Secular_Agenda, does not seem to have enough reliable third party sources to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia in itself. It has been redirected to Arun Shourie which is related to the subject of the article. ∯ WBG converse 12:52, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:TheRiseandFalloftheThirdReich.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:TheRiseandFalloftheThirdReich.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 17:34, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gaurav1146


text:
Talk:PA Pivdenmash

Products
Michael, where did you get that transit bus info? I've never been to Yuzhmash site, but also never heard about their making buses. What I know for sure is they manufacture trams and lousy trolleybuses. Possibly, it was translation mistake (their or yours). Pryvit, AlexPU

 * I was just sketching in what I could tell from a quick look at their web site. It may have just been a picture I saw there.  Between the two of us, you're the authority on Yuzhmash!  —Michael Z. 2005-02-6 15:35 Z

Importance assessment
My rationale for assessment: market and technology importance, especially in the past. Ukrained 01:03, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Storable propellants?
This sentence in the current version of the article doesn't make much sense: "Unlike Sergey Korolev, who was a supporter of missiles using cryogenic fuels, Yangel preferred a liquid fuel technology." The nonsensical part is that cryogenic rocket propellants are liquid. I think this probably should read, "Yangel preferred storable liquid propellant technology." I would make the change, but have no source for the claim to cite.... (sdsds - talk) 07:07, 26 August 2011 (UTC)

Ownership?
What is the ownership structure of Yuzhmash? The article says it is state-owned, but that is not cited, and no good history is provided for the movement of this organization (company, maybe?) from ownership by the Soviet Union (where Ukraine was just a geographic subdivision SSR of the USSR), through the devolution of the USSR, to Ukraine. So which "state" owns it is not made clear in the article prose.

Whether it is no longer state-owned, or is still state-owned, how and when did the shift from Soviet socialist ownership change? If state-owned by Ukraine, how is the organization governed? N2e (talk) 02:03, 25 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Apparently Yuzhmash is now a subsidiary of . See e.g. http://mfa.gov.ua/en/news-feeds/foreign-offices-news/25464-u-ssha-vidbuvsya-uspishnij-zapusk-raketonosija-antares-persha-stupiny-jakogo-rozroblena-ta-vigotovlena-ukrajinsykimi-pidprijemstvami-vo-pivdenmash-ta-kb-pivdenne which is from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. (sdsds - talk) 06:08, 26 July 2014 (UTC)

Today Section
The Today section includes information that it four years old. This outdated information should be deleted. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.121.248.91 (talk) 17:28, 18 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I have moved the "today" heading so that only events of 2016-17 are mentioned. If you think that 2016-17 is too long ago, I suggest that you move it further so that only events that happened last week are mentioned.  Moving the heading seems a more sensible solution that deleting text that is supported by citations on the recent history of the company.--  Toddy1 (talk) 17:51, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

Article name is wrong
The current article name, Yuzhmash, is no longer the correct name, and should be changed to a redirect. The current name, as stated clearly in the article lede, is Pivdenmash, which currently redirects here. Propose the article name be moved to align with the current reality of the enterprise. N2e (talk) 21:15, 15 July 2022 (UTC)

 * From the company's web site https://yuzhmash.com it looks like the company uses both names: Yuzhmash in the English-language version of the site, and Південмаш in the Ukrainian language version - there are even different company logos on the English- and Ukrainian language versions of the web site. Does the company use both names? Is there an official source on the renaming and its effective date? Tschild (talk) 15:56, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:PA Pivdenmash


text:
User talk:DarkBard

Welcome!
Hi DarkBard, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 11:21, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Why did you put a vandalism near my edit? Many articles have rumors and unconfirmed claims in them, and I specified that it was a rumor. Please reinstate the segment or disprove it.

Thank you. Www.jpfo.org

RE: Candice Night
I agree with you 100% that it's hard to believe, but I heard this rumor, and it is fishy that she is so secretive about her real name. Maybe she needs to hide something else, but I doubt that she is Jack Ripper. Maybe it's just a gag, but Alice Cooper, Gene SImmons and others never made a big deal of their real names. Also Doug was saying quite nasty things about her in google groups, and I heard from people who spoke to Joe Turner and they told me that he hates her and constantly badmouths her. So perhaps there is fire under the smoke. Www.jpfo.org

Vandalism to Dawson College shooting
I just reverted a vandalistic edit by an anon back to your edit. The words "Canada:lozl" did NOT have a link. Excuse me while I get over my weird dream of Mariska Hargitay last night, but I feel she should put the smackdown on the vandals who vandalized the current event which left one dead (I have gotta stop making Law & Order references when talking to people about reverting vandalistic edits). --D.F. "Jun Kazama Master" Williams 16:09, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Romania
--Codrin.B (talk) 04:04, 21 January 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:DarkBard


text:
User talk:Ichi~enwiki

Welcome!
Hi Ichi, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 11:21, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ichi. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ichi~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:28, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:59, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ichi~enwiki


text:
User talk:Patnaik~enwiki

Hi! I have moved Requests for comment/Stude62 to Requests for comment/Stude62 (without a redirect) because that's the correct place for draft RFC's. Odd that you choose to file one in your second day in Wikipedia. What account you did use before User:Patnaik? jni 11:26, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Notice board for India-related topics
Hi. There is a Notice board for India-related topics. We are also working on an Indian collaboration of the week. Probably, you would like to join us. utcursch 04:15, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

Wikiproject/India
Hi we also seek your participation, suggestions and contributions to the pages Indian_current_events and Wikiportal India which are updated on an aongoing basis. Cheers Arunram 03:13, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Request for Arbitration filed
Patnaik-

I have filed a request for arbitration with wikipedia that involves you and me. Never having done this before, I now find that I should have provided you with notice of filing. I apologize for the oversite on my part.

The request for arbitration was filed because 1) We don't seem to be able to solve our differences, 2)I am growing weary of you monitoring what I say to others when it doesn't involve you and then finding my comments plastered on the RfC page. Thirdly, you claimed in a February post in my RfC that you contacted the Archives of Ohio Methodism (AOM) and that you spoke to "a lady" and she could not verify all of my information. However in speaking with AOM, they have no record of any call on the topic at hand from you or anyone else (other than me) on the history of OWU according to the Archivist on staff. This of course apparently means that at least one of the comments that you have made about me appears not to true.

I have also asked the arbitration committee that the RfC be either archived or eliminated.

Again, I apologize for the oversight. user: stude62 user talk:stude62 23:02, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Votes for deletion today
Something went wrong with the page. Do you really put your comment in for the Tuxpartei?!? Dickbauch 14:04, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Patnaik. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Patnaik~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:04, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:26, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Patnaik~enwiki


text:
Julius Jacob von Haynau

Julius Jakob Freiherr von Haynau (14 October 1786 – 14 March 1853) was an Austrian general who suppressed insurrectionary movements in Italy and Hungary in 1848 and later. While a hugely effective military leader, he also gained renown as an aggressive and ruthless commander. His soldiers called him the "Habsburg Tiger"; those opponents who suffered from his brutality called him the "Hyena of Brescia" and the "Hangman of Arad".

Early life and education
Born in Kassel, Julius Jacob von Haynau was the illegitimate son of Rosa Dorothea Ritter, and William I (1743-1821), the landgrave (later elector) of Hesse-Kassel. He was born after his father's return with his wife and family to Hesse-Kassel after 20 years in Denmark. His father acknowledged this natural son, providing for his education and entry into the military officer corps as a cadet. In 1800, Julius Jacob and his siblings were granted the title of Freiherren/Freiinnen von Haynau.

Marriage and family
After several years of service in the Army, at nearly 22 years of age, on 11 October 1808 Haynau married Thérèse Weber von Trauenfels (1787-1851), the daughter of Field Marshal Lieutenant Franz Johann Baptist Weber von Treuenfels (1745-1809). Her father was killed in action the next year at the Battle of Aspern-Essling during the Napoleonic Wars.

Julius and Thérèse had more than four decades of marriage together before her death in 1850. She was survived by her husband and only daughter, Clotilde (27 September 1809 – 25 November 1897).

Military career
In 1801, Haynau entered the Austrian army as an infantry officer cadet at the age of 15. He gained extensive experience as a soldier during the Napoleonic Wars. He was wounded at Wagram in 1809, which the French won in one of their most important battles of the wars.

Haynau later distinguished himself during the Austrian operations in Italy in 1813 and 1814. Between 1815 and 1847, Haynau was promoted several times, reaching the rank of field marshal lieutenant.

Role in the revolutions

Haynau was said to have a violent temper, which led him into trouble with his superiors. His support for the monarchy led him to fiercely oppose the revolutionary movements of the mid-nineteenth century.

When the revolutionary insurrections of 1848 broke out in Italy, Haynau was selected to command troops to suppress them. He fought with success in Italy. He became known in this period for the severity with which he suppressed an uprising in Brescia and punished participants. A mob in Brescia had massacred invalid Austrian soldiers in the hospital, and von Haynau ordered reprisals. Numerous attackers were executed.

In June 1849, Haynau was called to Vienna to command a reserve army; he was ordered into the field against the Hungarians during their revolution and finally managed to defeat it with the help of an overwhelming Russian interventionist force, proving an effective but ruthless leader. His aggressive strategy may have partly been motivated by his wish to make Austria, rather than Russia, appear as the main victor of the war. Indeed, the general questioned the wisdom of inviting the Russians to intervene, as he considered that Austria, with reinforcements from Italy, could have won the war on its own. In Hungary as in Italy, Haynau was accused of brutality. For instance, he was said to have ordered women whipped who were suspected of sympathizing with the insurgents. He also ordered the execution by hanging of the 13 Hungarian rebel generals at Arad on 6 October 1849.

Opponents called him the "Hyena of Brescia" and "Hangman of Arad". In admiration, Austrian soldiers referred to him as the "Habsburg Tiger".

Later years
Upon the restoration of peace, Haynau was appointed to high command in Hungary. His temper quickly led him into quarrels with the minister of war, and he resigned his command in 1850. In later years, he travelled abroad, including to western Europe and England.

His reputation for brutality had spread throughout western Europe. In Brussels, Haynau narrowly escaped mob violence. In London, he was attacked by some draymen from the Barclay & Perkins brewery who threw mud and dung at him and chased him down the Borough High Street, shouting "Down with the Austrian butcher!". When the Italian revolutionary, Giuseppe Garibaldi, visited England in 1864, he insisted on visiting the brewery to thank the draymen.

Haynau is buried in St. Leonhard Cemetery in Graz, Austria.

References in popular culture
In 1862, during the American Civil War, the Union General Benjamin Butler commanded federal forces occupying New Orleans, Louisiana. They struggled with daily insults from the residents. He ordered that women showing disrespect toward the Union officers were to be treated as common prostitutes. The Confederate General P. G. T. Beauregard referred to Butler as "the Haynau of the North" for his order. Beauregard did not explain his allusion, believing that his officers were familiar with Haynau's reputation. G. K. Chesterton, the English author, later described the event near the Barclay & Perkins brewery in London in his book The Crimes of England (1916), published during the First World War while Britain and Ireland were at war with Germany:

"When an Austrian general who had flogged women in the conquered provinces appeared in the London streets, some common draymen off a cart behaved with the direct quixotry of Sir Lancelot or Sir Galahad. He had beaten women and they beat him. They regarded themselves simply as avengers of ladies in distress, breaking the bloody whip of a German bully."

A fictional portrayal of von Haynau appears in the 2022 novel, Assassin's Creed The Engine of History: The Magus Conspiracy, written by Kate Heartfield.

Honours
He received the following orders and decorations: • Austrian Empire:

• * Commander of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, 29 July 1849; Grand Cross, 26 March 1850

• * Grand Cross of St. Stephen, 1850

• * Knight of the Iron Crown, 1st Class

• * Commander of the Imperial Order of Leopold

•  Kingdom of Bavaria: Grand Cross of the Military Order of Max Joseph

•  Kingdom of Hanover: Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order, 1849

•  Electorate of Hesse:

• * Knight of the Pour la Vertu Militaire, 5 January 1815

• * Knight of the Iron Helmet, 19 August 1815

• * Grand Cross of the Golden Lion, 22 September 1849

•  Russian Empire:

• * Knight of St. George, 4th Class, May 1849

• * Knight of St. Andrew, in Diamonds, August 1849

• * Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, August 1849

• * Knight of the White Eagle, August 1849

• * Knight of St. Anna, 3rd Class

•  Two Sicilies: Knight of St. Januarius

title: Julius Jacob von Haynau


text:
Castlevania Legends

Castlevania Legends is a 1997 platform game developed and released by Konami for the Game Boy. The third Castlevania game released for the system, the story follows Sonia Belmont, a vampire hunter battling the first incarnation of Count Dracula. The game was conceived as a prequel to all other games in the Castlevania series; however, it later became recognized as non-canon.

Castlevania Legends was released in Japan on November 27, 1997 and in Europe and North America on March 11, 1998. The game received mixed to negative reviews, with criticism directed towards its lack of difficulty, short length, technical issues, and unoriginality. The game received its first official re-release on the Nintendo Switch Online service on October 31, 2023.

Gameplay
Castlevania Legends is a side-scrolling platformer where the protagonist, Sonia Belmont, armed with a whip, charges through five stages of Count Dracula's castle, filled with various enemies and candles containing items. Each stage ends in a mini-boss fight which rewards a "Soul Weapon", which Sonia can cast, consuming varying amounts of hearts.

The game implements two difficulty levels and password based save states. Should the timer run out, Sonia fall off the screen, or either her life bar or time counter fall to zero, she will lose all of her hearts and one life, and will restart at the last checkpoint with the basic whip. If she loses all of her lives, the player is presented with the game over screen, where they may exit or choose to continue from the last checkpoint of the current stage. Once per stage, Sonia can activate her inborn ability to enter "Burning Mode", where she becomes invincible, moves faster, and has more powerful attacks for ten seconds.

Plot
The story begins in the year 1450 in Transylvania, during the incarnation of the original Count Dracula. Sonia Belmont, the first vampire hunter of her clan, develops mystical powers in her 17th year, and ventures out to challenge Dracula, meeting Alucard who seeks revenge against his father. After Dracula's defeat, he swears to Sonia that as long as there is evil in the world, he will be resurrected, and in response she swears her family will always defeat him. The game was designed as the first game in the series timeline, but later declared non-canon after the release of Lament of Innocence.

Reception
Castlevania Legends was met with negative reception by critics upon release. Electronic Gaming Monthly's four reviewers found the game overly short and boringly easy, as well as complaining of ropy collision detection and cheap deaths resulting from what should be simple jumps. However, their biggest criticism was that there was no real advancement from the previous Castlevania Game Boy installment, Castlevania II: Belmont's Revenge, since other Game Boy releases had made major advances in both gameplay and graphics in the seven years that had passed since Belmont's Revenge. Nintendo Power said the game recreates the Castlevania look and feel and praised the addition of Light Mode, but echoed Electronic Gaming Monthly's criticisms that the game is much too easy and that even a slight miscalculation in a jump results in the player character's death. Computer and Video Games found the game overly simplistic even by Game Boy standards, and commented that "Some of the first GB titles were better than this in terms of graphics and collision detection."

In a 2007 Castlevania series retrospective, IGN called the game one of the series's cult classics, but said it suffers from the Game Boy's technical limitations and is overly different from other games in the series. GameSpy called the music "disappointing", as the previous two Game Boy Castlevania games were highly praised for their music. Game Informer's Tim Turi felt that the game was lacking especially compared to Castlevania: Symphony of the Night.

Longtime Castlevania producer Koji Igarashi removed the game from the series timeline, claiming that in his opinion it conflicted with the plotline of the main games.

Time Extension placed Legends fifth last on its list of ranked Castlevania games: "Following the amazing Belmont's Revenge was no easy task, and in all fairness, Legends is an inferior outing in almost every regard, bar the fact that it came with battery back-up so you could save your progress. The visuals, controls and music are all worse than they are in Belmont's Revenge, but that hasn't stopped Legends from becoming one of the most desirable and expensive Game Boy games. It's worth a look, but only via emulation."

In other media
Sonia was one of the confirmed leads in the Dreamcast game Castlevania: Resurrection, up until that game's cancellation.

title: Castlevania Legends


text:
Talk:Birkhoff interpolation

Why was my content deleted?

title: Talk:Birkhoff interpolation