text:
Wacker Drive

Wacker Drive is a major multilevel street in Chicago, Illinois, running along the south side of the main branch and the east side of the south branch of the Chicago River in the Loop. The vast majority of the street is double-decked; the upper level intended for local traffic, and the lower level for through-traffic and trucks serving buildings on the road (and originally a dock). It is sometimes cited as a precursor to the freeway, though when it was built the idea was that pleasure vehicles would use the upper level. It is the only street in the city that is prefixed with all four cardinal directions, albeit on different parts of its route. The drive is named for early 20th century Chicago businessman and city planner Charles H. Wacker.

The upper level is normally known as Upper Wacker Drive and the lower level is Lower Wacker Drive. A short part has a third level, sometimes called Lower Lower Wacker Drive or Sub Lower Wacker Drive.

History
In 1909, architects Daniel Burnham and Edward H. Bennett drew up a plan for the Commercial Club of Chicago to unify the city's urban design and increase its physical beautification. The improvement of traffic flow in Chicago was a major part of the plan. Among its many recommendations was a double-decked roadway along the river, intended to relieve the congestion at River Street and Rush Street, where 50% of the city's north–south traffic crossed the Chicago River. Charles H. Wacker, chairman of the Chicago Plan Commission, pushed the idea.

The original double-decker road, replacing South Water and River Streets, was completed in 1926 at a cost of $8 million and named after Charles Wacker. The 1926 section stretched from Lake Street to Michigan Avenue, the latter of which was also rebuilt into a two-level road.

An extension south to Congress Parkway and Harrison Street was built between 1948 and 1954, replacing Market Street (after the Market Street stub of the Lake Street Elevated was removed). Extensions east were built in 1963 and 1975, with the latter taking it to Lake Shore Drive, and a new lower level starting at Stetson Avenue. At the time, Lake Shore Drive had an S-curve at the river, running where Wacker now goes between Field Boulevard and current Lake Shore Drive. This S-curve was on a viaduct over the Illinois Central Railroad's rail yard, and was at the level of Upper Wacker; the middle and lower levels dead-ended at that point. The current alignment of Lake Shore Drive was finished in 1986, and in 1987 Middle Wacker was extended to meet the new alignment. The ramps to bring upper traffic down had already been built; upper has been dead-ended where it used to end at Lake Shore Drive.

In 2001–2002, Wacker Drive was redesigned and reconstructed between Michigan Avenue and Lake Street. The original upper deck was crumbling, and the entire roadway did not meet modern standards for road widths and clearances. Using a specially-developed post-tensioned, reinforced, high-performance concrete cast-in-place system, the new road deck was expected to have a lifespan of 75–100 years. Walkways along the river were meant to make the drive more pedestrian-friendly, while restoration of historic limestone elements and reproduction lighting evoked the drive's original 1926 appearance. The 20-month, $200-million project was completed on time and within budget.

In spring of 2010, work commenced on rebuilding the north–south section of Wacker, from Randolph Street to Congress Parkway, including the upper and lower levels. This is a continuation of the Revive Wacker Drive project started in 2001.

Wacker is the only street to intersect both State Street (the east–west center line) and Madison Street (the north–south center line), although Lake Shore Drive and LaSalle Street/Drive also each cross both dividing lines.

In April 2014, The American Council of Engineering Companies awarded the Wacker Drive and Congress Parkway Reconstruction project its Grand Conceptor Award. The project team was led by TranSystems and included roadway, bridge and tunnel improvement work. The project involved complex staging to keep 135,000 vehicles and 150,000 pedestrians moving through the construction zone each day.

Intersections
The following streets intersect Upper Wacker Drive, from south to north and west to east. Most upper-level streets that end at Wacker Drive, with only right turns allowed, are not included.

The following streets intersect Lower Wacker Drive, from south to north and west to east.

In popular media

 * The 1980 film The Blues Brothers used Wacker Drive as a setting.
 * The car chase scene in The Dark Knight (2008) was filmed on Lower Wacker Drive.
 * The music video for "Burnin'" pays tribute to Chicago house producers that Daft Punk found inspiration in.

title: Wacker Drive


text:
Talk:James Parry (Usenetter)

Good Bio;
Such a well written piece, on someone who sounds intriguing. I have never heard of the man, but anyone who designs typefaces is brilliant as far as I'm concerned. The piece is well timed and paced. Just long enough for an encyclopaedia entry. Some, I find go on much to long, but here the article says exactly what needs to be said and then is finished. Ten out of ten I say. Five gold stars. --Tapsell 20:41, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Changed/added archive.org links rather than CoralCDN links
The version on CoralCDN changes as the page changes, therefore linking to the CoralCDN version (nyud.net:8080 or :8090) only shows the geocities bandwidth used up version. Why not just link only to the CoralCDN version next month, or whenever geocities restarts the bandwidth allotment? Or is the version on archive.org better? Also There's like three versions on archive.org, would someone else figure out the diff, or add links to all the different versions, or link to his sig directly on google groups? Family Guy Guy 18:47, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Removed Personal Nerd Fluff
Kibo is the nickname, username and e-mail address (kibo(AT)world.std.com or kibo(AT)kibo.com) of James Parry (b. July 13 1967), a Usenetter known for his sense of humor, various surrealist net pranks, an absurdly long .signature, and an uncanny, machine-assisted knack for joining any thread in which his nom de guerre is mentioned (to "kiboze"). His exploits have gleaned him a multitude of enthusiasts, who celebrate him as the head deity of the joke pseudo-religion kibology, centered on the newsgroup alt.religion.kibology.

James Parry grew up and lived in Schenectady, New York before moving to Boston, Massachusetts about 1990, where he lives today. He initially was a Computer Engineering major at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in Troy, NY, but when he moved to Boston attended Emerson College, where he studied videography and graphic design. At that time, he also worked as a typeface designer and for the world.std.com internet service provider, whose praises he sings on his website (in a rare moment where he is not being outrageously tongue-in-cheek). He has a great artistic eye for typeface and developed several fonts in use today.

Many assume his nickname is derived from the acronym KIBO, although Parry himself has repeatedly denied this. Another rumor has it being short for King Body, a pseudonym he very briefly used on computer forums as a freshman at RPI in the mid-1980's.

Kibo is a supertaster, and has prosopagnosia. He frequently dyes his hair, which as of late 2004 is bright orange. Kibo likes bacon, but greatly dislikes cheese.

Why the 'Personal Nerd Fluff' Stays
Because silly as it is and sounds, all of this is true! There was even an article/interview in Wired magazine several years ago about it all.

I went to RPI the year and a half that Jim "Kibo" Parry went there and used to visit him in Boston a lot, that is how I was able to write all the stuff in the Wikipedia entry about his college days and quantify his work in type face design and with world.std.com (he may still work there, I've only corresponded with him very occasionally in the last 5 years or so). If you go to his website (since this was 7 years ago it is probably in a very obscure part) and look hard enough you will actually see a brief "tribute" section to my wedding which he attended; it is likely the only part of his weird and crazy website other than his world.std.com praising that isn't tongue-in-cheek and is actually serious. If you can't find it go to Google and type in the search "Happy Honeymoon Harry and Lisa" and it will come up. I am amazed to see that he is actually famous enough to be a Wikipedia entry but three cheers to him! Hairymon

 * It may well be true, but there are thousands of geeks with their own geeky foibles out there. Do they belong in encyclopaedias?

 * If you actually don't know whether Kibo is notable or not, I recommend checking his mentions in the media as a start. They include Wired, the Baltimore Sun, the San Jose Mercury, Playboy, the Boston Herald, the London Times, and many others. If you can find thousands of geeks who are as notable as Kibo, please make articles about them. Factitious 17:20, September 12, 2005 (UTC)

He finally took off my "wedding" page. He had to do it very recently because my half-sister told me last month how she put my name in Google and was surprised to see that page come up. I think almost 8 years is long enough :-) hairymon 04:16, February 3, 2006 (UTC)

 * The media, in the last 50 years, has mentioned billions of people and things. Not all of them deserve their own webpage on wikipedia. My grannies house was flattened in the hurricane a few years ago, and as a result of her losing her house she was in dozens of publications, newspapers and newsreports. She ran a knitting class and died her hair blue (as of 2005). Get my point? JayKeaton 22:47, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, yes, we get it. You don't care for this article, and you're responding to years old discussion to make that point repeatedly. Either renomininate it for afd yet again, or don't, or improve the article, or don't. :-) Cheers, -- Infrogmation 22:53, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Permission has just been granted. Thank you, mwah! JayKeaton 03:57, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

External link

 * Kibo's website

Kibo as in "eye-bow"
How is this pronounced then?! It could be bow as in "bow and arrow" or bow as in "bow to pressure"! I presume the former, but this needs clarifying Bobbis 14:02, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Although this has been changed to be clearer (one hopes), I've added the IPA to avoid any ambiguity. --moof 19:23, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Might the term "Klippoth"(Qliphoth) be the source of the name "Kibo"? 173.28.244.122 (talk) 03:26, 5 May 2011 (UTC)

Supertaster statement
While it was a wild ride paging through Kibo's signature file, what credible sources can corroborate the contents of this article? Specifically, how can one verify that Kibo is a supertaster? Can't sleep, clown will eat me 22:37, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Kibo himself has claimed to be a supertaster. The message is archived in Google Groups. [Here is a direct link.] The relevant quote is at the bottom: "Now, as far as being a supertaster goes, that's another tiny genetic difference that makes me better than the Muggles, even if it makes dark chocolate taste really nasty." I'll change the article to say that Kibo claims to be a supertaster, instead of saying that he is one. -- DocSigma 14:16, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Kibo being, well, Kibo, claims a lot of weird things - probably that he invented pickles, that he is the ghost of France (the real one having died in a skiing accident twelve years ago), that he can hear purple, etc. No, none of these are actual Kibo claims, that I know of, but are in the same vein as his humour.  Unless, in one of his rare moments of sanity (and as "James Parry", since that section is more about Parry than his "Kibo" alter-ego) he has claimed it in all seriousness, it should either be removed, or moved to a section more about Kibo (and maybe reworded as "Among Kibo's many claims are that he ... ").  Those that have contributed that have met Parry (amazing how many have come out of the woodwork to comment in the comments section!) could probalby confirm or deny these weird claims being attributed to Parry (rather than Kibo) --Canuckguy (talk) 05:00, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

Page title
I undid User:Cool Cat's moving the article from "Kibo" to "James Parry" for 3 reasons: 1)a look at "What links here" shows the relevent artlicles are linking to "Kibo" 2)In contexts he's well known for, I seldom if ever see him refered to as James Parry (though sometimes as James "Kibo" Parry is not uncommon). 3)There was no discussion of the move on the talk page. I'm certainly open to changes if someone sees a problem with the current title or article, but please explain moves if the reason isn't obvious, and in this case please discuss first, thanks -- Infrogmation 16:11, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

I entered "Kibo" expecting to be linked to the Japanese Experiment Module going up on the current Space Shuttle mission, or at least some description of what the word meant in Japanese, or a disambiguation page. I certainly didn't expect to get this page. I think it would make a lot of sense to direct Kibo to the disambiguation page, rather than this one, or even directly to the JEM page (even though the Japanese Kibo is actually spelled with some fancy symbols like "ō").

Ignoring the whole AfD debate, I think it's mainly a bit of Usenet trivia that the majority of WP users are probably not going to be familiar with, or even particularly interested in learning about, and so making it the default page for "Kibo" is a bit silly.

For example, doing Google searches on "kibo space" returns about 190K results, and "kibo space station" about 68K results, while "kibo usenet" only returns about 19K results.

Perhaps the title, rather than being changed to James Parry (as much as that idea makes sense to me), could just be changed to Kibo (Usenet). I don't know what Wikipedia's policy is on these sort of things, I'm just a reader. --69.227.178.191 (talk) 10:34, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I've decided to move this to James Parry independently of any prior debate due to the prominence of the space probe. As a compromise to previous status quo I won't redirect Kibo directly to the space probe at this time.  If "James Parry" seems a bad title, perhaps you can move it again to "Kibo (Usenet persona)" or "Kibo (Usenet alias)"? Wnt (talk) 22:49, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Dumbest thing on Wikipedia?
I nominate this... --66.82.9.82 09:56, 14 February 2006 (UTC)
 * You must be new here. —rodii 13:10, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah! Congratulations for your new computer! Welcome to the interwebs! --Boborok 23:18, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
 * You're allowed anyway. AdamFunk (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 20:16, 24 November 2009 (UTC).

I nominate this, too - User: Cyberman
 * lol

I also nominate this page as the dumbest on wikipedia. Rawk rawk rawk, you must be a usenet use that wishes he was old enough to actually be a part of the original usenetwork boborok. Yes, this page is dumb and should only be a small footnote in another webpage on wikipedia, it doesn't need it's own page. When articles that don't deserve their own page get a whole page to themselves, the page gets filled with bullshit that reads like a 12 year olds own geocities webpage JayKeaton 22:16, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

"knack"?
Personally, I was amazed when I found out there was some guy who grepped ALL OF USENET and replied to any message mentioning his name. I would guess that anyone who started using the internet in the Google era might not appreciate how unusual this was 15 years ago -- and since that's the whole reason he gained notoriety, it probably deserves more emphasis.

 * Well, he grepped the directory the newsfeed was in. It wasn't some magical act of scripty prowess. A newsfeed wasn't that big, especially if you did it one day at a time. Henry Spencer tried to archive every posting that ever reached U of Toronto, bless him.  · rodii ·  16:55, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

He was very before his time Net-wise. As a fellow college freshman he introduced me to what was then Internet email....in September of 1985!!!--hairymon 19:31, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

 * All the people he grepped must have died before Google came along, because a search of "Kibo" brings out under 700,000 results, "kibo" with "usenet" brings under 70,000 results and "James Parry" gives under 40,000 results (and I might add that only one of the front page results has to do with this kibo at all"). The fact that searching for "my anus" brings back almost ten times as many results seems to suggest that really this guy wasn't anybody at all. The little presence he has left is only made by probably 10 or 12 die-hard usenet geeks. I propose this kibo page be merged with another usenet page, giving him the footnote he really needs.

 * Not an official proposal for a merge, just a proposal for a proposal. On the grounds that his "early life" section is completely inconsequential to ANYTHING at all and because of the following items quoted from this page "nom de guerre", "known for his sense of humor, various surrealist net pranks, an absurdly long .signature,[1]", "multitude of enthusiasts, who celebrate him as the head deity", "He frequently dyes his hair, which as of late 2005 is bright red", "For reasons unknown, after constant daily changes for over a decade, his personal website stayed stagnant from late March 2004 until late December 2005. It has since been updated, though not nearly as often as years past. Kibo has hinted at a possible site redesign."

 * My favourite is the part about how he likes to colour his hair and that it is last known to be "red". Can we get his height, weight, favourite popstar, what he eats for breakfast and maybe also we should add which book he is reading at the moment. By the way, I was being sarcastic in that last sentence JayKeaton 22:43, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, this guy was, and is, somebody. If Usenet is significant, then Kibo is; Kibo is one of the more significant figures in Usenet history.  Sorry you weren't there and missed it.

 * The assertion that a discussion in a biography of the subject's early life is "inconsequential" is too absurd to merit further comment.

 * The assertion that the comments on his hair dyeing and the state of his web site are edit-fodder, on the other hand, I fully agree with. -- Rsholmes 18:30, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

Lifted from the Jargon file?
This copy sounds *really* familiar. If we *did* lift it from JARGON; oughtn't we credit it? --Baylink 22:17, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Erm, no, unless the Jargon file's entry has been cut down substantially over the years: http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/K/KIBO.html

Website/blog
I cut this from the article: "Some net historians could argue that many aspects of his site make him the first blogger, as he gave regular updates on himself on his site (albeit tongue-in-cheek most of the time) since the early 1990's."

Kibo's activity in the early 1990s was most notable on Usenet. He was not particularly early in establishing a personal webpage (I recall a good number of Kibologists had such before Kibo), and the site never was in blog form. It postdated robotwisdom by years. I don't know anyone who has seriously tried to stretch the definition of blogging to include Usenet postings. -- Infrogmation 14:56, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Organization
I tried to organize this a bit, to make it easier to read & edit. What do you all think? Mdotley 21:00, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Mention the Self-Importance Problem?
Long-time Kibo watchers will probably recognize his 'decline' after the Wired article, the Joel Furr replacement-Kibo election, and other dramas, where I saw a lot of Kibologists gave up due to his increasing self-importance attitude becoming a problem for his writing-- harassing people for doing things that interfered with his real-world merchandising efforts, etc. Anyone have enough to write a critical section? --203.14.156.193 19:36, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The rec.hunting.kibo story was another example of his ego overriding everyone else's.. 203.14.156.193 10:22, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Tone
I've removed the tag. Although the content is inherently somewhat lightweight, the tone reads fine to me. If someone disagrees, please provide concrete examples before (or at least when) adding the tag back. --Jtl 05:51, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia often has to deal with people who have had no training in professional and technical writing, who really have no idea what unbiased or informal language is. These people often assume that language does not fit within the parameters set by Wikipedia just because they happen to have a nebulous negative reaction. When asked, they are often unable to respond with specifics, so I am afraid that, even if someone actually recognized some failing in the construction of this page, they would not or could not tell you what it might be. I love Wikipedia, but you have to deal with a lot of this type of thing when you post an article here, because, for the most part, the people who comment on such things lack the necessary training and knowledge. TyFrost 03:18, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Kiboinside.gif
Image:Kiboinside.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:07, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Non-trivial coverage?
How many instances are there of non-trivial coverage from reliable third party publications about this individual? Was there ever anything more than what was found in Wired? JBsupreme (talk) 19:12, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

Whitehouse.gov reference
Whitehouse.gov launched in October 1994, making it unlikely that a press conference mentioning it occurred in March 1992. (I also wouldn't expect that the Bush White house would have said something so flippant in the midst of a losing election. I can see Stephanopoulos saying it a year or two later, though.) Not sure what to exclude from this section, since the only reference I found at all for this event is on Kibo's website —Preceding unsigned comment added by Patrickbowman (talk • contribs) 02:23, 24 October 2010 (UTC)

Fail to see how this article merits inclusion
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability First article I've ever seen that was obviously not needed for inclusion in the encyclopedia. I see it's been nominated for deletion prior and I think it's time to reconsider that action again. -- milsorgen 11:16, November 18 2010 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.60.3.17 (talk) 18:19, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

I agree with the person above me, this article really has no purpose on Wikipedia. BlackbeltMage (talk) 13:46, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

I strongly disagree. Anyone who doesn't see the need for this to be included is failing to be objective. . . it's as though someone proposed an article on Torquemada, and you nominated it for deletion because you think that the fact you've never heard of the Inquisition means it was only worthy of a footnote somewhere else. Any cultural history of the Internet that doesn't include Kibo and Kibology is an incomplete and poor history indeed. AtomDebris (talk) 17:38, 16 April 2013 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.83.106.254 (talk)

What's he doing now?
Parry was an exceptionally prolific poster to Usenet for many years, and maintained a web presence after leaving college, etc. But what did he do after leaving college and what is he doing now? His website hasn't been updated since 2009, by the looks of it, and in any case he has clearly been much less of an online presence in recent years, compared to the old Usenet days. Beorhtwulf (talk) 22:26, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

 * I'm the person who went to RPI with him (somewhere in this discussion I mention how my wedding was on his page back in the early 2000s). He wouldn't merit a "normal" encyclopedia entry, but since Wikipedia is a product of the Internet age, and he was a significant figure (for better or worse) in the early days of the Internet, I'm glad the article stayed.  By the way, although it looks like he last updated his site on Christmas Day of 2009, it does say "Copyright 2011 James W. Parry" on the page so I assume he is at least editing that at least once/year.  I've always wondered what happened to him, I am in Facebook contact with some of his other RPI friends and some friends who knew him in the late 1990s in Boston who are in other parts of the country now and they wonder too.  Hairymon (talk) 00:51, 11 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Please come back and tell us if you ever get an update. Better still if you can write it up somewhere and it can be included in the article. Beorhtwulf (talk) 12:10, 9 March 2017 (UTC)

 * The copyright on the site now says 2014 and the last modified date is still the same. The copyright year is probably coming from a script that is just outputting the current year. — Preceding unsigned comment added by OMPIRE (talk • contribs) 18:58, 7 May 2014 (UTC)

One page on the website was last updated 27 July 2016. I can't see anything changed after that. http://www.kibo.com/links/useflink.shtml Cancerward (talk) 07:05, 27 July 2021 (UTC)

Merger discussion
[Transcluded] from source page. GenQuest "Talk to Me"

Kibology is not independently notable. It is an obscure group that is best known for being James Parry's fan club. ― Susmuffin Talk 17:12, 29 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Support As wikipedians tend to disbelieve in the existence of Usenet, let alone its significance, I expect this will end up as deletion.  But a merge would be better than two articles. Andy Dingley (talk) 17:15, 29 July 2019 (UTC)

 * Kibology is independently notable if such things as "internet memes" and "internet culture" are notable. Dingley makes a good point that Wikipedia seems to have a preponderance of editors who seem unaware and generally uninterested of the fact that there was an internet long before the start of Wikipedia. Kibology was hardly just a "James Parry fan club" (while founder and star, he periodically disappeared from the group for times in the '90s and a.r.k kept going strong).  I'm not completely opposed to the concept of a merger, but am unsure of which would be the more notable topic. -- Infrogmation (talk) 07:47, 18 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Sheesh, I hadn't looked at the Kibology article in years, and I see it has been hacked down to minimal (and uninformative) size. Perhaps we can set up a bot for all "Internet culture" related articles. On the 10th anniversary of the article's creation on Wikipedia, the article will automatically reduced down to 2 or 3 sentences and downgraded to "low importance" status.   Other suggestions to help suppress any knowledge of there having been any sort of vibrant internet culture before the current calendar year?  -- Infrogmation (talk) 08:06, 18 August 2019 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:James Parry (Usenetter)


text:
Marcel Griaule

Marcel Griaule (16 May 1898 – 23 February 1956) was a French author and anthropologist known for his studies of the Dogon people of West Africa, and for pioneering ethnographic field studies in France. He worked together with Germaine Dieterlen and Jean Rouch on African subjects. His publications number over 170 books and articles for scholarly journals.

Biography
Born in Aisy-sur-Armançon, Griaule received a good education and was preparing to become an engineer and enrolled at the prestigious Lycée Louis-le-Grand when in 1917 at the end of World War I he volunteered to become a pilot in the French Air Force.

In 1920 he returned to university, where he attended the lectures of Marcel Mauss and Marcel Cohen. Intrigued by anthropology, he gave up plans for a technical career. In 1927 he received a degree from the École Nationale de Langues Orientales, where he concentrated on Amharic and Ge'ez.

Between 1928 and 1933 Griaule participated in two large-scale ethnographic expeditions—one to Ethiopia and the ambitious Dakar to Djibouti expedition which crossed Africa. On the latter expedition he first visited the Dogon, the ethnic group with whom he would be forever associated.

In 1933 he received a diploma from the École Pratique des Hautes Études in religion.

Throughout the 1930s Griaule and his student Germaine Dieterlen undertook several group expeditions to the Dogon area in Mali. During these trips Griaule pioneered the use of aerial photography, surveying, and teamwork to study other cultures. In 1938 he produced his dissertation and received a doctorate based on his Dogon research.

With the outbreak of World War II Griaule was drafted again in the French Air Force and after the war he served as the inaugural professor of the first chair of anthropology at the University of Paris - Sorbonne. He died in 1956 in Paris.

Griaule is remembered for his work with the blind hunter Ogotemmeli and his elaborate exegeses of Dogon myth ( fr )—(including the Nommo) and ritual. His study of Dogon masks remains one of the fundamental works on the topic. A number of anthropologists are highly critical of his work and argue that his claims about Sirius and his elaborate accounts of cosmic eggs and mystic vibrations do not accurately reflect Dogon belief.

Griaule is the father of anthropologist Geneviève Calame-Griaule (See fr: Geneviève Calame-Griaule).

Selected works

 * Burners of men: Modern Ethiopia. Lippincott, 1935. (The story of an expedition into the interior of Abyssinia in the early 1930s; a time when Abyssinia was trying to fight off Mussolini. The book was awarded the 1934 Prix Gringoire.)
 * Abyssinian Journey. 1935. (Travel account of an ethnographic and linguistic study on behalf of the French Government in the 1930s.)
 * Masques dogons, Institut d'Ethnologie, 1938
 * Jeux dogons, Institut d'Ethnologie, 1938
 * Les Saô légendaires, Gallimard, 1943.
 * Folk art of black Africa, 1950.
 * Signes Graphiques Soudanais, Hermann et Cie Editeurs, 1951.
 * Conversations with Ogotemmeli: An Introduction to Dogon Religious Ideas. 1965. (many reprints) ISBN 0-19-519821-2, originally published in 1948 as Dieu d'Eau.
 * with Germaine Dieterlen: The Pale Fox, originally published as Le Renard Pâle, Institut d'Ethnologie, 1965.
 * Methode de l'Etnographie, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1957. (There's Spanish translation: El Método de la Etnografía, Nova, Buenos Aires, 1969.)

title: Marcel Griaule


text:
Guillermo Barros Schelotto

Guillermo Barros Schelotto (born 4 May 1973) is an Argentine football manager and former forward who recently was the manager of Paraguay national team.

Barros Schelotto played 16 years of his professional career in the Argentine Primera División (6 with Gimnasia La Plata and 10 with Boca Juniors). With these two teams, he won a total 17 official titles (one with Gimnasia and 16 with Boca).

In 2007, Barros Schelotto left Boca Juniors for Columbus Crew in the Major League Soccer, his first move outside his native country. The forward won three league and cup titles with Columbus Crew, as well as two individual awards, before moving back to Gimnasia La Plata in 2011.

Argentina
Born with a twin brother, Gustavo, Barros Schelotto was hence nicknamed El Mellizo ("the twin"). He started playing professionally at the end of 1991 with his hometown team Gimnasia y Esgrima de La Plata, where he scored 45 goals in 181 matches in five seasons and in 1993 won the AFA Centenario Cup. On 14 September 1997 he transferred to Primera División Argentina powerhouse Boca Juniors, for whom he played for almost 10 years. He was considered an idol by Boca fans and in his later years at the club showed his experience whenever he stepped on the pitch. Barros Schelotto remains one of Boca's top scorers in international matches with 25 goals, with just one goal behind former teammate Martín Palermo.

In 1996, he was offered to play for River Plate, but after club icon Enzo Francescoli was not happy with the potential signing, the deal collapsed. In mid-1997, Boca Juniors showed interest for him and his brother Gustavo. It was like that that Barros Schelotto twins arrived to Boca teaming up to a former rival: Martín Palermo, Gimnasia's archrival Estudiantes de La Plata former player. The three of them were repeatedly recommended to Boca by Diego Maradona, who was playing his last season for the Buenos Aires team, retiring on October the same year. Once in Boca, he made his debut as a substitute for Claudio Caniggia, scoring against Newell's Old Boys in a 2–1 victory.

With Carlos Bianchi as Boca Juniors' coach, Barros Schelotto got his traditional 7 shirt and kept it until 2006–07 season. He and former rival Martin Palermo became a successful attacking duo, who highly contributed in the 1998–99 title-winning season. He missed the 2001 and 2003 clubs international achievements due to injuries. In 2003, he was a key piece in the winning Copa Libertadores side, with his peak performance at the Round of 16 match against Brazilian team Paysandú, where he scored a hat-trick and assisted Marcelo Delgado's goal. In the second half of 2003 he again suffered from injuries and could only play for 46 minutes in the Copa Intercontinental winning match against AC Milan, when he replaced Carlos Tevez. With Alfio Basile as Boca coach, his participation in the first team was gradually lowering. He even was out of some first team matches and had to play for the second team to maintain his performance level. He scored 87 goals in 302 games for Boca Juniors.

United States
Close to the end of his contract with Boca in 2007, it was rumored that he would leave the club to join a team where he would get more playing time. On 19 April 2007 he announced he would sign a two-year contract with Major League Soccer's Columbus Crew.

Barros Schelotto made his debut in the United States on 5 May, as a 75th-minute replacement, as the Crew lost the match against Kansas City Wizards 1–0. On 12 May 2007 he made his home debut in a game against Chivas USA. The game was tied 1–1, and Schelotto had the assist for the Crew goal. Barros Schelotto quickly became a team leader and fan favorite in Columbus, helping to turn their season around. In the 2007 season he led the team with 11 assists, also adding 5 goals, in 22 games.

Barros Schelotto had a strong MLS season in 2008, being chosen Player of the week four times, Player of the month once, and recording 19 assists and 7 goals during the regular season. He was awarded the Major League Soccer MVP on 20 November 2008. Barros Schelotto capped off his 2008 MLS campaign with an MVP performance in the 2008 MLS Cup which Columbus won 3–1 against New York Red Bulls at the Home Depot Center on 23 November 2008, behind Barros Schelotto's 3 assists. For his performance in the 2008 MLS season in which he displayed his leadership, vision, passing, scoring and positioning; Barros Schelotto was named Sports Illustrated Latino's Sportsman of the Year He became the Crew's first ever Designated Player on 2 December 2008.

On 16 November 2010, Barros Schelotto's option was not picked up by the team, along with several other veterans of the club, effectively ending his career in Columbus. Barros Schelotto elected to participate in the 2010 MLS Re-Entry Draft and became a free agent in Major League Soccer when he was not selected in the Re-Entry draft.

Return to Argentina
Barros Schelotto had decided to retire but on 13 January 2011, he went back on that decision and decided to see out his career with his childhood club Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata. He returned 14 years after leaving the club in 1997 to join Boca Juniors. Barros Schelotto declined to accept a wage from the club and as such he was contracted unpaid, "ad honorem". Barros Schelotto's spell at the club lasted 6 months. In that time he played 17 matches, primarily as a winger, and scored 3 goals. His last goal came against Boca Juniors, this was not only his last goal for Gimnasia but also his 110th goal in the Primera Division. As a result of his contributions to the club and his playing abilities, Barros Schelotto is revered by the fans as a club great.

International
Barros Schelotto obtained ten senior caps for the Argentina national football team between 1995 and 1999, and also won the gold medal in the under-23 Panamerican Games in 1995.

Coaching career
Following his retirement in 2011, he and fellow Argentine, Gino Padula, established SP Soccer Academy in Westerville, Ohio.

Lanús
In July 2012, Barros Schelotto took his first job as a manager, taking charge of Club Atlético Lanús replacing former manager Gabriel Schürrer.

Palermo
On 11 January 2016, Barros Schelotto was named as new coach of Italian side Palermo after his contract with Lanús had ended. Due to bureaucratic issues related to his appointment as head coach, however, Palermo was forced a few days later to hire Giovanni Tedesco, who already had the required coaching badges, as new "official" head coach, with Schelotto working alongside him and sitting on the bench during league games as "team manager". On 10 February 2016, Palermo confirmed Schelotto's resignation from his role at the club after UEFA refused to hand him a coaching badge.

Boca Juniors
On 1 March 2016, Barros Schelotto signed with his former club Boca Juniors.

With Barros Schelotto at the helm, Boca reached the semifinals of the 2016 Copa Libertadores, and won the 2016–17 Argentine Primera División despite many issues, including club legend Carlos Tevez's exit with a multi-million-dollar deal to Shanghai Shenhua. Barros Schelotto's Boca also won the 2017–18 Argentine Primera División.

Despite the back-to-back league titles, the club lost the 2018 Copa Libertadores finals against rivals River Plate, and a few days later Boca Juniors president Daniel Angelici decided not to renovate his contract for 2019.

LA Galaxy
On 2 January 2019, MLS side LA Galaxy named Barros Schelotto as their new head coach. On 29 October 2020, Barros Schelotto was relieved of his duties as head coach.

Paraguay national team
On 20 October 2021, Paraguayan Football Association named Barros Schelotto as their new manager of the Paraguay national football team. On 16 September 2023, Barros Schelotto was relieved of his duties as manager, four days after a 1–0 loss in a South America's World Cup qualifying match against Venezuela.

Personal life
Barros Schelotto's twin brother, Gustavo, was a teammate of his at Gimnasia La Plata, and also briefly at Boca Juniors. Since 2012, they work together with Guillermo as head coach and Gustavo as assistant coach. Barros Schelotto and his wife, Matilde, have three young sons, Máximo, Nicolás, and Santiago. His nephews Juan, Salvador, and Tomás Cataldi and Bautista Barros Schelotto are footballers. His father, Hugo Barros Schelotto, was one of Gimnasia y Esgrima's presidents in the 1980s.

Player
Argentina
 * Pan American Games: 1995

Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata
 * Copa Centenario de la AFA: 1993

Boca Juniors
 * Copa Libertadores (4): 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007
 * Copa Sudamericana (2): 2004, 2005
 * Recopa Sudamericana (2): 2005, 2006
 * Primera División (6): 1998 Apertura, 1999 Clausura, 2000 Apertura, 2003 Apertura, 2005 Apertura, 2006 Clausura
 * Intercontinental Cup (2): 2000, 2003

Columbus Crew
 * MLS Cup: 2008
 * Supporters' Shield (2): 2008, 2009
 * Eastern Conference (Playoffs): 2008
 * Eastern Conference (Regular season) (2): 2008, 2009

Individual
 * MLS Player of the Month: July 2007, August 2008, June 2009
 * Major League Soccer MVP: 2008
 * MLS Best XI: 2007, 2008
 * MLS top assist provider: 2008
 * MLS Cup MVP: 2008

Manager
Lanús
 * Copa Sudamericana: 2013

Boca Juniors
 * Primera División (2): 2016–17, 2017–18

title: Guillermo Barros Schelotto


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chen Fang

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:34, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Chen Fang
Non-notable and vanity. "Fang Technologies" returns 3 hits on Yahoo. Carrp | Talk 02:40, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment:When I put up the VfD the page looked like this . The page is now radically different and anonymous users have been removing the VfD without comment. No references are included in the article and I've been unable to find information on the Chen Fang described in the article. I will keep the article listed here as I believe the author is acting in bad faith by removing VfD notices (and later by vandalizing my user page and that of User:Hadal). If notibility is shown, I will change my stance. Carrp | Talk 03:54, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this vanity page. Bart133 (t) 03:02, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, possible vanity. Megan1967 04:29, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Right now, it's a copyvio about Metternich from here, substituting the name "Chen" for "Metternich". Delete! Samaritan 05:42, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, in the pseudo-Metternich copyvio form it's patent nonsense, and the earlier version is not notable at all (one Google hit). There was a vandal who twice submitted bios of Hitler with someone else's name substituted, and now we have a Metternich bio with someone else's name substituted. Since it's a copyvio as reported above, I reverted to the non-Metternich version. -- Curps 11:46, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment The original author 12.76.89.12 (talk | contributions) also vandalized the Metternich article here: -- Curps 11:51, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable, and blanking the VfD didn't exactly help its case. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 13:33, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Pavel Vozenilek 17:51, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not encyclopedic. Epsilon 21:02, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Category:English athletes

No individual biographies should be in this category.

title: Category:English athletes


text:
Lynne Stewart

Lynne Irene Stewart (October 8, 1939 – March 7, 2017) was an American defense attorney who was known for representing controversial, famous defendants. She herself was convicted on charges of conspiracy and providing material support to terrorists in 2005, and sentenced to 28 months in prison. Her felony conviction led to her being automatically disbarred. She was convicted of helping pass messages from her client Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman, an Egyptian cleric convicted of planning terror attacks, to his followers in al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, an organization designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the United States Secretary of State.

She was re-sentenced on July 15, 2010, to 10 years in prison in light of her perjury at trial. She served her sentence at the Federal Medical Center, Carswell, a federal prison in Fort Worth, Texas.

Stewart was released from prison on December 31, 2013, on a compassionate release order because of her terminal breast cancer diagnosis.

Early life and education
Stewart was born in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Irene and John Feltham. Her mother was of German and Swedish descent, while her father had English and Irish ancestry. She grew up in Bellerose, Queens and graduated from Martin Van Buren High School in 1957. She attended Hope College in Holland, Michigan but left without a degree. Stewart graduated from Wagner College on Staten Island with a B.A. in political science in 1961. She earned a Juris Doctor from Rutgers School of Law–Newark in Newark, New Jersey in 1975. She was admitted to practice law in New York in 1977.

Stewart's perspective advocated violence as a means to address capitalist injustices. She distinguished between anarchistic and directed violence, supporting the latter against institutions upholding capitalism, racism, and sexism, often speaking at universities.

Legal career
Stewart was admitted to the New York State Bar on January 31, 1977. For much of her career as a lawyer, she represented a number of economically disadvantaged clients as well as more high-profile cases. Stewart was a self-described "movement lawyer" who took a wider interest in promoting the general political interests of those she represented, rather than only dealing with the specific charges against them. Stewart defended Weather Underground member David Gilbert, who was found guilty for his role in the 1981 Brinks armored car robbery in which two police officers and a security guard were murdered.

In 1991, Stewart was subpoenaed to explain alternative fee arrangements with a gang member whom she had been defending on a drug trafficking charge. Stewart refused the subpoena and eventually pleaded guilty to criminal contempt in the second degree, a misdemeanor charge that would not result in her disbarment.

Another high-profile client was former Black Panther member Willie Holder, who hijacked Western Airlines Flight 701 on June 2, 1972; he claimed to have a bomb and demanded the release of Angela Davis and $500,000.

Along with William Kunstler, Stewart represented Larry Davis, who had been charged with the attempted murder of nine NYPD officers during a shootout, as well as the murder of four Bronx drug dealers. Stewart and Kunstler secured Davis an acquittal on the more serious murder and attempted murder charges, but Davis was found guilty on a lesser felony weapon possession charge. After the trial, Stewart ended her relationship with Kunstler, feeling marginalized by Kunstler hogging the publicity of the case and not giving her due credit. Even Davis believed that Stewart was more instrumental in his acquittal, stating that "everyone thinks Kunstler beat the case. Lynne Stewart beat the case."

Stewart also unsuccessfully defended former Gambino crime family underboss Sammy "the Bull" Gravano on ecstasy trafficking charges.

Stewart said that all her high-profile clients shared the distinction of being revolutionaries against unjust systems or were people whose cases expose those injustices. However, unlike most movement lawyers who found communications with prosecuting attorneys to be repugnant, former assistant US Attorney Andrew C. McCarthy found Stewart to be "eminently reasonable and practical" and commented that "when she gave her word on something, she honored it — she never acted as if she thought one was at liberty to be false when dealing with the enemy."

Abdel-Rahman case
After the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the FBI began to investigate Omar Abdel-Rahman also known as the Blind Sheikh. The FBI recorded Rahman issuing a fatwa that encouraged acts of violence against US civilian targets, particularly in the New York and New Jersey metropolitan area. Rahman was arrested on 24 June 1993. The targets were the United Nations Headquarters, the Lincoln Tunnel, the Holland Tunnel, the George Washington Bridge, and the FBI's main New York office at the Jacob K. Javits Federal Building. There were also plans to bomb Jewish targets in the city as well as assassinating U.S. Senator Al D'Amato and Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.

In November 1994, former Johnson administration attorney general Ramsey Clark met with Stewart and asked her to take Rahman on as a client after Rahman dismissed his court-appointed lawyer and his other lawyers, William Kunstler and Ron Kuby, were taken off the case for conflict of interest. Stewart was reluctant at first, but Clark convinced her to take the case, arguing that otherwise "the Arab world would feel betrayed by their friends on the American left." Interviewed by the Washington Post about her embrace of Rahman's case, she said, "my own political sense tells me that the only hope for change in Egypt is the fundamentalist movement." Kuby, who had represented Rahman earlier, disagreed with Stewart's characterization, stating, "I love Lynne, but no one in the world could fairly posit the sheikh as a progressive or liberal on any issue." Stewart contended that she understood fundamentalists because attorney general "John Ashcroft is one."

During Rahman's trial, she argued to the jury that Rahman had been framed for his political and religious teachings and not, as the prosecution alleged, for conspiring in any violent acts against the United States. Rahman was convicted of seditious conspiracy on October 1, 1995, and in 1996 he was sentenced to life in prison. Stewart reportedly wept when the jury announced its decision.

Violation of "Special Administrative Measures"
As part of Stewart's defense of Rahman, and her serving for several years on post-conviction issues, she was subject to modified "special administrative measures" which govern communications between suspects and their legal counsel. Stewart had accepted the condition that, in order to be allowed to meet with Abdel Rahman in prison, she would not "use [their] meetings, correspondence, or phone calls with Abdel Rahman to pass messages between third parties (including, but not limited to, the media) and Abdel Rahman". The special administrative measures, or SAMs, were modified in the wake of the September 11th attacks and were designed to prevent communications that could endanger US national security or lead to acts of violence and terrorism.

According to a federal grand jury indictment, Stewart along with interpreter Mohamed Yousry, an adjunct professor in Middle East studies at York College CUNY, and postal clerk Ahmed Sattar passed messages between Rahman and his supporters in violation of the SAM, thereby conspiring to defraud the United States in violation of. The indictment also charged Stewart with violation of and, and making false statements , and Ahmed Sattar with being an active Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya leader who served as a vital link between Rahman and the group's members. Stewart was accused in the indictment of passing Rahman's blessing for a resumption of terrorist operations to al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya members in Egypt after they inquired whether they should continue to honor a ceasefire agreement with the Egyptian government. According to video surveillance of Rahman's cell Stewart, Yousry and Rahman had been tricking the correctional officers into believing that Stewart and Rahman were having a routine conversation relating to his case, when Rahman was dictating statements to Yousry with Stewart joking that she should get an award for acting.

Stewart said that the dispute was over one communication on behalf of her client to his supporters via a Reuters article, followed by a clarification after it appeared to have been misinterpreted. The clarification said: "I [Omar Abdel-Rahman] am not withdrawing my support of the cease-fire, I am merely questioning it and I am urging you, who are on the ground there to discuss it and to include everyone in your discussions as we always have done."

The material-support charges were dismissed in the summer of 2003, but in November 2003, Stewart was re-indicted on charges of obstruction of justice and conspiracy to provide material support to terrorism. She was convicted on these charges.

According to Judge John G. Koeltl, in denying Stewart's motion to reject the verdict as unfounded,

"A rational jury could have inferred that, by relaying a statement withdrawing support for a cessation of violence by an influential, pro-violence leader of a terrorist group, Stewart knew that she was providing support to those within the IG (Islamic Group) who sought to return to violence—who the jury could have found were participants in the Count Two conspiracy, particularly Taha."

Michael Tigar, her attorney, stated that "this case really is a threat to all the lawyers who are out there attempting to represent people that face these terrible consequences". Supporters of Stewart alleged that the government charged her for her speech in defending the rights of her client. They believed that Stewart's efforts to release communications from her client were part of an appropriate defense method to gain public awareness and support. They also expressed alarm that wiretaps and hidden cameras authorized by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act were used by the government to gather evidence against her, which they called a violation of attorney–client privilege. George Soros' Open Society Institute also donated $20,000 to Stewart's legal defense fund in 2002. Commenting on her case, human rights organization Front Line states that it "has had a chilling effect on human rights defenders who stand between government agencies and potential victims of abuses."

Conviction
On February 10, 2005, following a nine-month trial and 13 days of jury deliberations, Stewart was found guilty of conspiracy to defraud the U.S. government, providing material support to terrorists ( and ) and conspiring to conceal it , and making false statements. Co-defendants Mohamed Yousry and Ahmed Sattar were found guilty as charged. Her conviction meant automatic disbarment.

Stewart remained free on bail pending the results of her appeal.

Sentencing submissions
The original sentencing was to be in July 2005, but Stewart's defense team had repeatedly asked for and received numerous adjournments because she was receiving treatment for breast cancer. The defense team also argued that Stewart's age, problematic general health and cancer history could well mean that she would be in prison for the rest of her life if she were sentenced to serve several years.

In a letter to the court dated September 26, 2006, Stewart stated that her actions were consistent with how she had always represented her clients but that she had failed to recognize the difference in a post-2001 United States and that, in hindsight, should have been more careful to avoid misinterpretation. She said: "I inadvertently allowed those with other agendas to corrupt the most precious and inviolate basis of our profession – the attorney-client relationship.".

According to The New York Times, Stewart "acknowledged ... that she knowingly violated prison rules". She requested that the Court exercise the sentencing discretion given to judges by the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in U.S. v. Booker, and impose a non-custodial sentence. The prosecution requested that the Court impose the maximum statutory penalty, saying, "We hope that this sentence of 30 years will not only punish Stewart for her actions, but serve as a deterrent for other lawyers who believe that they are above the rules and regulations of penal institutions or otherwise try to skirt the laws of this country."

Judge Koeltl refused both to impose the 30-year sentence proposed by the prosecution and to waive jail time entirely as Stewart had requested. He stated that while over her long career of representing unpopular clients, Stewart had "performed a public service, not only to her clients, but to the nation", her conduct was "criminal" in this case.

On October 16, 2006, Judge Koeltl sentenced Stewart to 28 months in prison. Yousry and Sattar were sentenced to 20 months and 28 years, respectively. Yousry was released in 2011. Sattar is incarcerated at the Federal Supermax prison near Florence, Colorado.

Re-sentencing; 10 years
In response to Stewart's appeal, a Second Circuit Court of Appeals panel affirmed the convictions on November 17, 2009, and ordered the district court to revoke Stewart's bail immediately and take her into custody.

The appeals court went even further: it remanded the case for re-sentencing in light of her possible perjury at her trial, and other factors the court considered had not been properly weighed against her by the sentencing judge.

On November 19, 2009, Stewart surrendered to U.S. Marshals in New York City to begin serving the original 28-month sentence as prisoner #53504-054. Two months later, in January 2010, the full Second Circuit bench, in a split decision, declined to reconsider its panel's affirmance and re-sentencing directive. On July 15, 2010, Stewart was re-sentenced by Judge Koeltl to 10 years in prison, taking into consideration what he concluded were false statements she made under oath at her trial and other factors as directed by the appellate court.

Lawyer Herald Price Fahringer contested the new sentence, bringing the case back to the Court of Appeals. On February 29, 2012, Fahringer presented oral argument based on freedom of speech, arguing that out-of-court comments on a public issue cannot be punished with enhanced imprisonment, suggesting that otherwise "no one will be able to comment after a sentence for fear that the same thing could happen to them". This appeal later failed before a panel of judges, after finding no violations of free speech. Stewart filed a certiorari petition to the United States Supreme Court in February 2013.

Health condition in prison
Stewart's breast cancer returned after she was imprisoned. Scheduled for surgery for other problems the week she was sentenced, Stewart instead had to wait eighteen months for that surgery. In the meantime the cancer metastasized to the point that her attending physician called it the worst case he had ever seen. She received chemotherapy in custody.

On June 25, 2013, Stewart announced that she had received a letter stating that Federal Bureau of Prisons Director Charles Samuels had denied her request for compassionate release.

In December 2013, prosecutors wrote a letter to the judge stating that Stewart had 18 months to live. They said she had also been diagnosed with anemia, high blood pressure, asthma and Type 2 diabetes.

On December 31, 2013, the denial of Stewart's request for compassionate release was reversed after Stewart's doctor said she had only 18 months to live. The Federal Bureau of Prisons and the office of U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York filed a motion asking the judge in Stewart's case for a compassionate release. Judge Koeltl granted the motion, and on December 31, 2013, Stewart was released from prison.

Post-release
In September, 2016, Stewart was quoted on the assassinations of police in Dallas and in Baton Rouge. "They are not brazen, crazed, you know, insane killers . . . They are avenging deaths that are never and have never been avenged since the '60s and '70s."

Despite the medical prognosis of having an estimated 18 months left to live, Stewart survived for several more years and died on March 7, 2017, aged 77, at her Brooklyn, New York home of complications from cancer and a series of strokes, according to her son, Geoffrey Stewart.

Personal life
Stewart was married to Ralph Poynter, and had a son, Geoffrey S. Stewart, also a lawyer, who lives in Brooklyn, New York. She also has two daughters, Brenna Stewart, also an attorney, and Zenobia Poynter, a doctor.

title: Lynne Stewart


text:
Talk:Marcato

Pasta?
Isn't the last paragraph, the one about the Marcato "Atlas" pasta maker, "the standard to which all pasta makers are compared," just a wee bit like a shameless advertising plug? -- HarmonicSphere, Feb. 11, 2005, 02:47 am UTC

Yes, it is pretty pathetic as well... I motion to delete that and replace it with an actual Historic example if necessary at all.

Ambiguity
Ambiguity I feel the the jazz big band circles comment makes it sound like you circle the marcato in jazz... just a little unclear. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.172.128.64 (talk) 22:20, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I've rewritten this passage. TheScotch (talk) 05:32, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

The citation for my rewriting the passage: Tom Ferguson and Sandy Feldstein, The Jazz Rock Ensemble: A Conductor and Teacher's Guide, Alfred Publishing, Inc., 1976, p. 40: "> (accent) = stressed or louder sound, full value. A short accent would be indicated ^ or [^ above a dot]." TheScotch (talk) 05:46, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

Illustration
the picture of marcato is an accent. 76.214.49.106 (talk) 01:25, 20 May 2008 (UTC)Music Student

General critique
I'm thinking it would be better to start this page from scratch...so much stuff on here is either annoyingly specific or just plain wrong. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.114.95.245 (talk) 06:37, 5 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I've taken the liberty of grouping the earlier discussion page comments into sections and adding section titles. I agree that the article is in pretty bad shape, and I'm considering undertaking major revisions. TheScotch (talk) 05:15, 22 September 2011 (UTC)

Major revision commenced. TheScotch (talk) 05:40, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

Marcato, the vertical wedge, and martellato
The sentence: " In traditional art and "classical" music, "marcato" is correctly notated ">". It is commonly incorrectly assigned to "^" in "classical" music, when that mark is known correctly in the genre as "martellato." " is wrong. Lets consult some notation books and get all the facts straight. And I think the marcato is not even related to the length of a note in traditional notation, only the volyme.. I had a discussion with a violinist colleague and martellato is a form of string atriculation..? --Käkki2 (talk) 08:43, 16 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I've removed the offending passage and supplied specific citations from notation texts below. You are essentially right on all three counts, but there is a bit of wiggle room. Marcato is both a verbal instruction (that is, the word itself sometimes appears in music) and the name for a musical symbol (the vertical wedge, ^), but the two are apparently somewhat distinct and not everyone calls the vertical wedge marcato--when they don't, they generally call it nothing at all, oddly enough. Neither the verbal instruction nor the symbol essentially refers to length, but, like the regular accent, the marcato symbol is often interpreted as a sharp attack followed by a tapering to a lower dynamic. Martellato is a bowing, as I point out in a section below, and a string player may infer it from a vertical wedge or from the word marcato or, for that matter, from a vertical line or from various other clues. TheScotch (talk) 05:15, 22 September 2011 (UTC)

Sources for marcato as a vertical wedge, ^
1) The Norton Manual of Music Notation by George Heussenstamm, published by W. W. Norton & Company, New York and London, p. 52: "MARCATO This vertical wedge [in following examples shown as ^ or upside-down ^, depending on the direction of the note stem], which always points away from the notehead, signals that the note or chord is to be played somewhat louder than an accented note or chord."

2) Preparing Music Manuscript by Anthony Donato, Prentice-Hall, Inc., p. 50: "Marcato signs, ^ and [upside down ^], are place above or below note heads, opposite the direction of the stems. The sign always points away from the note head." TheScotch (talk) 10:09, 17 September 2011 (UTC)

3) Essential Dictionary of Musical Notation by Tom Gerou and Linda Rusk, Alfred Publishing Co., Inc., p.36: "When the marcato is placed over or under a note or chord, the note or chord is to be played with even more attack, and more marked, than an accent. [Example below shows ^ symbol with the word macarto beside it and an arrow pointing from the word to the symbol.] TheScotch (talk) 04:52, 18 September 2011 (UTC)

Precise length of marcato?
The second and third sentences of the article as it now stands strike me as ridiculous. Two footnotes follow both giving the titles of whole books. Do they both say this? If so, where? I'm going to wait awhile for an actual quotation (with page number) to appear on the discussion page, and if none eventually does, I'll delete these two sentences. TheScotch (talk) 10:18, 17 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Here is a contrary citation, with page number and actual quotation:

 * From Orchestration by Walter Pison, published by W.W. Norton & Company, 1955, page 20: "There are different kinds of accents created by different modes of attack. The following figure attempts to show graphically the shape of the tone in the most important of these forms. > ^ [These two symbols thus grouped together and illustrated by a single drawing I can't reproduce here. It shows a sharp attack with a rapid tapering to a softer dynamic which then continues. Below this there are other, separate drawings to illustrate sfz, fp, and < > in turn.]....Composers in general seem to have been indifferent to these distinctions, one reason being that they are impossible to produce on the pianoforte." TheScotch (talk) 04:42, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

Offending sentences deleted. New citation added. TheScotch (talk) 05:41, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

Bowing
Martellato is a bowing, not an accent. From The Technique of Orchestration by Kent Kennan and Donald Grantham, Third Edition, published by Prentice-Hall, pp.53-54: "The indication for [martellato] may be dots, arrowheads, accents, or a combination. Occasionally the word martele [French version of the Italian martellato--imagine acute accent on the final e] is written in....More often, however, the player simply chooses the martele bowing as being appropriate to the music at hand.''" TheScotch (talk) 04:52, 18 September 2011 (UTC)

 * At the top of p.17 of his Orchestration, Walter Pison reproduces a musical example with the instruction marcatissimo below the staff, illustrating one instance calling for, in his judgment, martellato bowing. Hence my citation in the article. TheScotch (talk) 05:30, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marcato


text:
Talk:Program register

On 1 Feb 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. See Votes for deletion/Program register. Rossami (talk) 02:43, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Program register


text:
St Clare's Church, Liverpool

The Church of St Clare is on the corner of Arundel Avenue and York Avenue in the Sefton Park area of Liverpool, Merseyside, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is an active Roman Catholic parish church in the Archdiocese of Liverpool and the Pastoral Area of Liverpool South. It is the only Grade I listed Roman Catholic church in the Archdiocese of Liverpool. Sharples and Pollard consider it to be "one of the most imaginative churches of its date in the country".

History
The church was built in 1888–90 and paid for by the brothers Francis and James Reynolds, who were cotton brokers, at a cost of £7,834. The architect was Leonard Stokes, the godson of Francis Reynolds. It is considered to be Stokes' "first really outstanding ecclesiastical design". The foundation stone was laid on 25 March 1889, the church was consecrated on 3 June 1890 and opened for worship on 20 July of that year. The contractors for the building were Morrison and Sons of Wavertree.

Exterior
The church is built in buff-coloured brick with Storeton stone bands and dressings, and is in Gothic style. Its roof is of slate. The plan of the church consists of a single vessel with a small north transept, long and low north and south chapels at the east end, and two porches, one at either side of the west end. Along the south wall are confessionals under a lean-to roof. The west face is simple with a large seven-light window. The porches are gabled; over the north doorway is a niche containing a statue of St Clare and in the corresponding position in the south porch is a statue of St Francis. The south chapel, the Sacred Heart Chapel, has its own saddleback roof and four round-headed five-light windows. The north chapel is the Lady Chapel and has a large west window of seven lights. The east face of the church is also simple and contains a short wide nine-light window, the outer two lights on each side being blind. The transept is gabled with one three-light window and a stair turret with a conical roof which gives access to the organ loft. In the angle of the nave and transept is a small octagonal turret with copper flèche.

Interior
Inside the church are internal buttresses which are pierced to form narrow passage aisles. The buttresses are linked by arches which support balconies. The interior of the church has ten bays with a wagon roof. The high altar dating from 1890 consists of a large triptych which contains paintings and relief sculptures by Robert Anning Bell and George Frampton. The stone pulpit was designed by Stokes and consists of four sides of a hexagon with openwork tracery. The font is shaped like a chalice and is made of alabaster with a copper cover. The marble altar rails, erected in 1933, stretch across the width of the nave and the chapels. Around the church the Stations of the Cross are oil paintings which were installed in 1892 at a cost of £300. In the chapels are statues of religious subjects by Mayer and Company of Munich. The oldest stained glass in the church is in the Sacred Heart Chapel, the Sacred Heart window, which was installed in 1906. The Catherine of Siena window in the chapel was erected in 1912. The stained glass in the east window of the church, depicting the Crucifixion, was installed in 1908. The organ loft is situated above the Lady Chapel. The organ was built in 1892 by Steele & Keay of Burslem and was renovated in 1920 by Henry Willis & Sons.  Nave of St Clare's RC church, Liverpool.jpg|Nave Altar of St Clare's RC church, Liverpool.jpg|Altar Pulpit of St Clare's RC church, Liverpool.jpg|Pulpit

Presbytery

The two-storey presbytery adjoining the church was also designed by Stokes and it is a Grade II listed building. It is built in brick with a slate roof and runs from the north of the chancel. Sharples and Pollard consider that the curved hoodmoulds over the door anticipate the Art Nouveau style.

title: St Clare's Church, Liverpool


text:
Talk:Lynne Stewart

Talk:Lynne Stewart/Archive 1 Talk:Lynne Stewart/Archive 2

"Perjury"
I'm reverting an edit removing the word "alleged". No source states that Stewart has been convicted of this offense or that she did in fact commit it, merely that it is claimed by prosecutors and accepted by an appeals judge. To see how bizarre an accusation it is, think how many of those convicted (even of minor offenses) could be held guilty of perjury, simply on the basis that their version of events was found false beyond a reasonable doubt. Perjury laws are never used in this way. We should not simply repeat the escalating grandiose claims of a show trial whatever country it happens to take place in. --Simon Speed (talk) 22:26, 29 November 2010 (UTC)

Once again this has been changed. The source specifically does not say she committed perjury but that the judge said she did. There has been no perjury conviction, trial or even charge. The whole article now looks like a hatchet job again and there's a load of apparently sourced material used, in some cases, to say the opposite of what is sourced. Take the apparently referenced sentence now in the lede Stewart is a self described "movement lawyer" who doesnt just defend the legal rights of her clients, she also advocates their politics. Clearly implying Stewart's support for the Islamic terrorist but the first source says "I began my career as a political movement lawyer. The government was rounding up the last of the diehard militants, many of whom had been underground, and prosecuting them as a part of the Panther movement." (i.e. she was a civil rights lawyer) The second source does say she's a "movement lawyer" but also that the Sheik "was a religious fascist who opposed everything that the feminist, atheist and vaguely revolutionary Marxist Stewart stood for." Selective quoting out of context to say the opposite of the sourced material is not referencing. There's more of this stuff and I don't see I can do anything but revert the whole block of User:ZHurlihee's editing. --Simon Speed (talk) 00:08, 26 May 2011 (UTC)

 * I have added the "alleged" back to the perjury statement. After a review of the source, this seems appropriate. As for the rest of the edits, they are all sourced to WP:RS required by WP:BLP. If you have a specific issue beyond that, please bring it up here. There was no selective quoting of the text. The "religious fascist who opposed everything that the feminist" was a warnign from Stewarts friends about Rahaman, a warning, that the article makes clear she didnt heed. Thanks. ZHurlihee (talk) 14:12, 26 May 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Lynne Stewart. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140107214758/http://old.nationalreview.com:80/mccarthy/mccarthy200502150746.asp to http://old.nationalreview.com/mccarthy/mccarthy200502150746.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140102193056/http://www.wnem.com/story/24339923/ex-terror-trial-lawyer-freed-on-ny-judges-order to http://www.wnem.com/story/24339923/ex-terror-trial-lawyer-freed-on-ny-judges-order

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 08:36, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lynne Stewart


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David Megginson

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:34, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

David Megginson
Vanity article. Non-notable. Should be speedy deleted. Spinboy 02:44, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. Bart133 (t) 03:01, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't agree with speedying for vanity and non-notability because articles, especially substubs like this one, that appear vanity often enough turn out to be about subjects of least debatable notability, and are often the product of redlinks. Megginson was the original lead developer and maintainer of Simple API for XML, apparently a major XML standard O'Reilly Media and others put out books on. I'd need positive evidence that he led the community that developed this for a very short time and contributed very little to it before not voting keep, and at least allow for organic expansion. Add that megginson.com shows he's written two books, chaired one working group and served on another for the World Wide Web Consortium, recieved an award for Outstanding Individual Contribution to the Java Community from JavaPro magazine and Sun, who should know. Why would this man write such a crappy two sentences about himself out of vanity? Samaritan 04:12, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It's worth noting that we already allowed for organic expansion, and nothing happened (apart from some minor wikification and categorization) in six months. It took the threat of deletion for something to actually happen to this article.  Have you considered patrolling Category:Wikipedia articles of dubious importance? That would certainly help, considering that (as was the case here) people do put tags such as  on such articles and wait for a while to see whether improvement happens, and if nothing happens in a reasonable period nominate them for deletion. Uncle G 13:28, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)
 * Keep, article needs expansion. 68,000 hits on Google. Megan1967 04:31, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Recent revisions to article establish notability.  ElBenevolente 04:38, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I've expanded it significantly, including everything relevant in my comment above and more. Samaritan 04:54, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and I am curious how the nominator came to the conclusion of non notable. —RaD Man (talk) 09:03, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, It's all been said. Inter 09:54, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable programmer. Capitalistroadster 10:37, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * At the time of nomination, the article did not meet any of the speedy deletion criteria. Although it didn't at that time, as it stands now the article establishes notability. Keep. Uncle G 13:28, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)
 * Keep, and all reflect what we learn from the experience. We are all learning. Hopefully. Andrewa 14:40, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * PS And well done team, this still needs some work but is on the way to being a great article, which is what it's all about. Andrewa 14:45, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, for reasons noted above by many users. -- James Teterenko (talk) 18:01, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Megginson is certainly notable in computer programming.193.167.132.66 12:25, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and allow for organic growth. GRider\talk 20:17, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Nippombashi Station

Nippombashi Station (日本橋駅) is a railway station on the two lines of the Osaka Metro in Nippombashi Itchome, Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan.

Lines

 * (K17)
 * (S17)
 * Namba Line (Kintetsu Nippombashi Station)
 * Namba Line (Kintetsu Nippombashi Station)

Layout

 * The station has side platforms serving two tracks for the Sakaisuji Line on the first basement, and an island platform serving two tracks for the Sennichimae Line on the second basement. Ticket gates are located on the first basement on the platforms for the Sakaisuji Line.
 * Sakaisuji Line

 * Sennichimae Line

Surroundings

 * Namba Walk
 * Kuromon Ichiba
 * Den Den Town
 * National Bunraku Theatre
 * Dotombori River
 * Nippombashi Bridge

Bus route

 * Nippombashi Itchome (Osaka City Bus)
 * Route 73 for Namba / for Deto Bus Terminal via Uehommachi Rokuchome and Kumata

Stations next to Nippombashi
!colspan=5|Osaka Metro

title: Nippombashi Station


text:
Talk:4077

On 1 Feb 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. See Votes for deletion/4077 Rossami (talk) 02:48, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:4077


text:
James Purefoy

James Brian Mark Purefoy (born 3 June 1964) is an English actor. He played Mark Antony in the HBO series Rome, Nick Jenkins in A Dance to the Music of Time, college professor turned serial killer Joe Carroll in the series The Following, Solomon Kane in the film of the same name, and Hap Collins in the Sundance series Hap and Leonard. In 2018, he starred as Laurens Bancroft in the first season of Altered Carbon, a Netflix original series. Following an uncredited role as V in the 2006 film V for Vendetta (replaced and dubbed over by Hugo Weaving), he was cast in a main role as Captain Gulliver "Gully" Troy / Captain Blighty in the 2020–2021 second and 2022 third season of the television series Pennyworth, the prequel to both Gotham and V for Vendetta.

Early life
Purefoy was born in Taunton, Somerset, the eldest son of Anthony Chetwynd Purefoy and Shirley, née Taylor. The Purefoy family were landed gentry, of Shalstone, Buckinghamshire; the family name passed in the female line through Anthony Chetwynd Purefoy's mother, Mary Lilias Geraldine, daughter of Admiral Richard Purefoy (who had changed his surname from Fitzgerald as his mother was the heir and niece of the politician George Purefoy-Jervoise, head of the family); she married Rev. Brian Mews, vicar of Tewkesbury, who changed his name to Purefoy.

Purefoy boarded at Sherborne School, which he left with only one O-level. He later went to night school and received 11 more O-levels, before taking his A-levels at Brooklands College in Weybridge. He worked as a porter at Yeovil District Hospital before studying acting at the Central School of Speech and Drama.

Stage work
Purefoy's early professional roles included Romeo in Romeo and Juliet in Leatherhead, Walter in Mary Morgan at the Riverside Studios and Alan Strang in Equus on tour. He subsequently joined the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) in 1988 and appeared in The Constant Couple, Macbeth, The Tempest, The Man Who Came to Dinner (Gene Saks, Barbican) and King Lear as Edgar.

Elsewhere, he has also appeared as Laertes in Hamlet at the Bristol Old Vic (1991), Brian in William Gaminara's Back Up the Hearse and Let them Sniff the Flowers at the Hampstead Theatre (1992), Roland Maule in Noël Coward's Present Laughter at the Globe Theatre (1993), Biff in Death of a Salesman, alongside Ken Stott and Jude Law, at the West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds (1994), Tony in The Servant at the Birmingham Rep (1995). He returned to the RSC for Simon Callow's stage adaptation of the film classic, Les enfants du paradis at the Barbican. He also played Hugh de Morville in Paul Corcoran's Four Nights in Knaresborough at the Tricycle Theatre, (1999) and Loveless in Trevor Nunn's production of The Relapse at the National Theatre in 2001.

Between March and June 2011 he starred as Peter in Trevor Nunn's production of Flare Path at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket, alongside Sheridan Smith and Sienna Miller, as part of the playwright Terence Rattigan's centenary year celebrations.

He appeared as part of the ensemble cast of the 2019 West and Middle Chinnock Christmas Show, as well as singing several sea shanties from Fisherman's Friends.

Film and television
In 1991, Purefoy played James McCarthy, a young man accused of murdering his father, in "The Boscombe Valley Mystery," in Granada's The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes. One of his notable roles was Nicholas Jenkins in the four-part miniseries A Dance to the Music of Time for Channel 4 in 1997. He played Edward, the Black Prince in the film A Knight's Tale, Rawdon Crawley in Vanity Fair with Reese Witherspoon and Tom Bertram in the 1999 production of Mansfield Park. He has played major roles in several television costume dramas, including Sharpe's Sword, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, The Prince and the Pauper, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Blackbeard: Terror at Sea, Beau Brummell: This Charming Man, The Tide of Life, Camelot and Rome.

Purefoy was screen tested for the role of James Bond in 1995 for GoldenEye, but ultimately lost the role to Pierce Brosnan. Throughout 2004 and 2005 Purefoy's name was rumoured as a possible candidate to replace Brosnan as Bond in future films. Speculation suggested that his departure was due to an opportunity to play James Bond in the 2006 film Casino Royale. He was originally the actor for V in the 2006 film V for Vendetta but had creative differences with the production team and left the film six weeks into filming. Parts of the film contain (dubbed) scenes of Purefoy.

Purefoy played Mark Antony in the HBO/BBC original television series, Rome. At the time there were rumours that at least one nude body in the show had been digitally enhanced. When his Wikipedia entry, which at that time referred to the rumours, was brought up in an interview with Alastair McKay, published in the January 2007 issue of Out magazine, Purefoy said, "I won't say whose it was, but there was a penis in the series that may have been slightly enhanced. But it wasn't mine. Mine's all mine."

Producer William J. MacDonald announced that James Purefoy would play Simon Templar in a new TV series of The Saint. The new series was scheduled to start shooting in Berlin and Australia in April 2008. However, production ultimately did not occur and in August Purefoy was reported as negotiating with NBC to star in another series, The Philanthropist. He starred as Teddy Rist in the summer television series, which aired on NBC beginning in June 2009. His character is a billionaire playboy who decides to use his wealth and power to help others in need.

In 2009 Purefoy played the titular character in an adaptation of Robert E. Howard's Solomon Kane. In 2013, The Following debuted, starring Purefoy as the lead antagonist of the series. He portrays Joe Carroll, a former professor who becomes a serial killer and leads a cult of followers, all of whom help create Carroll's "story".

It was announced in June 2014 that Purefoy would join the cast of the film High-Rise with Tom Hiddleston and Jeremy Irons. Later in 2014, Purefoy co-starred in the Formula 1-themed music video for David Guetta's song "Dangerous".

From 2016 to 2018 Purefoy starred as Hap Collins in Sundance's adaptation of Hap and Leonard, alongside Michael Kenneth Williams. In 2018 he starred as Laurens Bancroft in Altered Carbon, a Netflix original series. In February 2019, Hybrid (who provided the score to Interlude in Prague) released a short film to accompany their single "Hold Your Breath" from the album Light of the Fearless. The film starred Purefoy as the brooding "Mr Black".

In 2020, Purefoy joined the cast of the second season of the V for Vendetta and Gotham prequel television series Pennyworth in a main role, portraying Captain Gulliver "Gully" Troy, a former SAS captain and the leader of a crew of criminals consisting of former soldiers, who later becomes the enhanced super-soldier Captain Blighty in the 2022 third season.

Personal life
Purefoy married actress Holly Aird in 1996, with whom he has a son. They divorced in 2002.

In 2014 he married art historian Jessica Adams with whom he has a daughter and two sons.

Purefoy is a supporter of both Yeovil Town and Manchester United.

title: James Purefoy


text:
Talk:Metrical foot

Ratios named properly?
The source might be accurately cited, but there seems to be some confusion about ratios: "the iambic (where the ratio of arsis to thesis was 1:2), the dactylic (where it was 2:2) and the paeonic (where it was 3:2).[3]" For example, in an iamb, there is one stressed/arsis and one unstressed/thesis. This is a ratio of 1:1, not 1:2. In an anapest (e.g.) yes 1:2. Perhaps what is meant is 1 arsis per foot of two syllables? 1 arsis:2 syllables? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.157.110.195 (talk) 14:38, 17 November 2017 (UTC)

Why quantitative measures?
ioio'm a little unclear as to why this article focuses on quantitative meter, especially as it's written in English - there are few successful examples of quantitative meter in English poetry. This article should focus on stresses and not on syllable length.

 * The article seems quite clear about the distinction:
 * A foot is described by the character and number of syllables it contains: in English, feet are named for the combination of accented and unaccented syllables; in other languages such as Latin and Greek, the duration of the syllable (long or short) is measured.
 * Then, before the list of feet:
 * The following lists describe the feet in terms of vowel length (as in classical languages). Translated into syllable stresses (as in English poetry), long becomes accented and short becomes unaccented. For example, an iamb, which is short-long in classical meter, becomes unstressed-stressed, as in the English word "betray."
 * So the article seems to clearly say that in English we use stress/unstress as patterns. Whether the lists are in long-short or stressed-unstressed is basically arbitrary. I think long/short takes precedence here because meter is more often studied in depth in study of classical languages. Tom

 * I understand that. But the fact that it chooses to describe the feet foremostly in quantitative terms with only a note regarding these terms in accentual-syllabic verse suggests that the quantitative description is the more important of the two. It certainly is, if you are writing in a Romance language or studying classical poetry; it is of secondary importance if you are writing in English or studying English poetry. I think an accurate list of accentual-syllabic feet should be included, though I see the importance of describing quantitative feet as well. Perhaps there should be an additional section on accentual-syllabic (or English) feet; this section would only need to describe the iamb, trochee, anapest, dactyl, pyrrhus and spondee, as the remaining classical feet don't really translate well into English. Prestonmarkstone 14:46, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

This Language Rules
I just want to express my appreciation of this line:

 * In verse, many meters use a foot ...

rowley (talk) 17:34, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

External link
Broken. Maria Sieglinda von Nudeldorf (talk) 11:51, 13 September 2009 (UTC)

The link Comprehensive list of feet and colas up to 12 syllables long. Wasdichsoveraenderthat (talk) 11:28, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

Visually unclear
Admittedly my eyesight isn't what it once was but nevertheless I found it near-impossible to distinguish between the macron and the breve in the examples in this article. In fact, to make sure I had it right, I had to zoom in on the screen - and I never need to do that. I don't know if this is a problem across other pages in Wikipedia relating to meter / scansion but I would suggest that making the macron quite obviously longer than the breve would go a long way to improving clarity. David T Tokyo (talk) 05:48, 15 August 2012 (UTC)

 * I fixed it by using color. --70.49.171.225 (talk) 06:20, 28 June 2014 (UTC)

I noticed that many (if not all) of the metrical symbols used were graphics, not text. Why not stick to U+23d1–23d9? Further, to the best of my knowledge, the ndash is recommended for long feet. CannedMan (talk) 15:52, 30 November 2019 (UTC)

Examples?
Perhaps a few examples would be helpful from people who know this topic, to help complete amateurs (like myself) understand, because the description is not clear for someone not experienced with poetry. Wasdichsoveraenderthat (talk) 11:26, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

Western Bias?
These poetic conventions are definitely part of Sanskrit prosody as well. It is even called a 'pada' which is clearly a cognate with the greek/latin term. The meter is so consistent in Vedic poetry that these rules on this page are often used to uncover copyist errors in old manuscripts. I'd imagine metered poetry is fairly ancient in Persian traditions as well. Does anyone have the expertise to include non-greek/latin PIE languages and their use of the metrical foot?Iṣṭa Devatā (talk) 20:56, 14 January 2018 (UTC)

What's the "main article"?
At the bottom of the first table, "Metrical feet and accents", is the cross-reference "See main article for tetrasyllables" but there's no link on it. 108.16.118.229 (talk) 01:33, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

Consider Combining Metrical Foot Type Articles into this Article?
Most of the different types of metrical feet have their own stub article (e.g., Bacchius, Pyrrhic, and Cretic - obviously some articles are longer than others, but even the longer ones are still on the shorter side compared to the typical article). In an effort to consolidate these various stubs (insert whatever the appropriate Wikipedia editing philosophy is here), perhaps the entire text of each stub article can be subsumed under this article. Alternatively, consider a "List of Metrical Feet" article with the entire text of each stub article placed in there. Jafonte01 (talk) 14:26, 20 December 2023 (UTC)

Requested move 19 January 2024

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved (closed by non-admin page mover) BegbertBiggs (talk) 22:13, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

Foot (prosody) → Metrical foot – WP:NCDAB says natural disambiguation is generally preferred over parenthetical disambiguation, and in this case, it would be consistent with the existing Category:Metrical feet. The term "metrical foot" is already used in several other articles, and it gets the most page views of any redirect to the current title (about 2.8x that of Foot (poetry)). Google Ngram Viewer also seems to indicate it is the most common of a few alternatives. PleaseStand (talk) 07:59, 19 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject Poetry has been notified of this discussion. Vanderwaalforces (talk) 12:38, 19 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Support per nomination. SnowFire (talk) 00:58, 20 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. Hameltion (talk | contribs) 15:15, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Metrical foot


text:
Kintetsu Nippombashi Station

Kintetsu-Nippombashi Station (近鉄日本橋駅) is a railway station on the Kintetsu Namba Line in Nippombashi Itchome, Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan. Trains of the Nara Line arrive at and depart from the station.

Lines

 * Namba Line
 * Osaka Metro (Nippombashi Station)
 * Sakaisuji Line (K17)
 * Sennichimae Line (S17)

Layout
This station has 2 side platforms serving a track each on the third basement. Two ticket gates on the second basement are opened from the first train until the last train. There is a ticket gate called "Niji Gate" on the first basement, connecting to Namba Walk. Entrances are located on the first basement near ticket gates of Nippombashi Station operated by Osaka Metro.

 * Passengers should change trains at Osaka Uehommachi or Tsuruhashi for the Osaka Line.

title: Kintetsu Nippombashi Station


text:
Category:Books by Cory Doctorow

- for non-fiction books by the author.

title: Category:Books by Cory Doctorow