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La Salle College

La Salle College (LSC) (Cantonese:, Yale: , Jyutping, ; demonym: Lasallian) is a boys' secondary school on Boundary Street in Hong Kong. It was established in 1932 by Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, a Catholic religious teaching order founded by St. John Baptist de La Salle.

The school uses English as the medium of instruction in all subjects with the exception of Chinese Language, Chinese History, Putonghua and French.

La Salle College is located in Kowloon City District, Hong Kong.

Foundation
On 5 September 1917, the Brothers of the Christian Schools, who had founded St. Joseph's College in 1875, opened a junior school on Chatham Road near the Rosary Church. At this time Kowloon was expanding rapidly (with the extension into New Kowloon as part of the New Territories lease). The demand for schools was rising and Brother Aimar Sauron (1873-1945), the director of St. Joseph's, realised that a new school building was necessary. He acquired a 10 acre hilly plot near Prince Edward Road as a site for the new La Salle College on 23 April 1928, for a sum of HK$120,000. The site was immediately north of the city boundary, and thus was technically in New Kowloon. That section of Boundary Street was not yet a formal road when the school site was bought, which was only gazetted in 1929. An annex was also built on January 1938, which later became the first La Salle Primary School building.

On 5 November 1930, Sir William Peel, then Governor of Hong Kong, laid the foundation stone of the new building. By 3 December 1931, the work on the building and the playgrounds was sufficiently advanced to allow the opening of eight classes for 303 pupils, under the management of five Brothers from St. Joseph's College and four assistant masters from the Chatham Road Branch School.

The formal inauguration of the college took place on 6 January 1932. Seven Brothers, headed by Brother Aimar as director, took over. A few days later 40 boarders occupied the quarters to the west of the building. There were then 540 students in 14 classes. About one-third of the students had European (mostly Portuguese) connection.

World War II
Brother Aimar was the principal of the school for its first seven years. The students were offered matriculation examinations, the laboratories were constructed, four tennis courts and a full-sized football pitch were built, and the statue of St. John Baptist de La Salle that now stands in front of the college was erected. The number of students increased to 805 in 1935 and 1,060 in 1939.

In 1939, La Salle College was affected when World War II commenced in Europe. On 3 September 1939, Britain declared war on Germany, and the British War Department in Hong Kong designated the La Salle College campus as an internment camp for German nationals arrested in Hong Kong that same day. Those interned included the German engineer Gerhard Neumann. The internment camp was run for approximately eight months, during which time the Brothers organised classes in morning and afternoon sessions in the College Annex across the road (the building which was to become La Salle Primary School in 1957).

On 8 December 1941, the Japanese attacked Hong Kong, and the school building was again taken over by the British Military, this time as a relief hospital. After the surrender of Hong Kong on Christmas Day 1941, the Japanese took over the school building.In December 1941 the school's operations was suspended until September 1946, and In February 1942, the Brothers were expelled from the college. During the Japanese occupation, the college was believed to have been used as a Number One Japanese military hospital (out of four in Kowloon) until August 1945.

Post-war development
School recommenced in September 1946. By the end of 1949, the Chinese Civil War was coming to an end. Most of China was controlled by the Communist government of Mao Zedong and the People's Liberation Army was rapidly advancing southwards towards the Hong Kong border. Owing to that threat, the British Army reinforced their garrisons in Hong Kong. In need of a hospital, the British Army expropriated the use of the college grounds, originally agreed to be only for 12 to 18 months. Meanwhile, the Hong Kong government erected wood hutments on a plot at Perth Street, Ho Man Tin. The temporary occupation unfortunately dragged on for 10 years, taking the concerted efforts of the local government, some members of the British Parliament, and the Vatican to finally dislodge the Army in August 1959. Brother Felix was appointed director of the school in 1956 and re-acquired the college buildings from the military authorities on 1 August 1959. Student numbers grew steadily, and this led to a separation of primary and secondary divisions. La Salle Primary School was founded in 1957 and Brother Henry Pang was appointed its founder and first headmaster.

In 1964 the La Salle College Evening School was commenced within the main campus building; in 1969 the Evening School was separated and became Chan Sui Ki (La Salle) College in Ho Man Tin. The decision was taken by the Brothers, headed by the then Brother Director, Brother Raphael Egan, in 1977 to undertake the replacement of the ageing building. While classes were continuing, a portion of the school grounds were used to erect a new building. The project was funded via the sale of approximately one-third of the school grounds to Cheung Kong Holdings, owned by Li Ka Shing. The Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Murray MacLehose, officially opened the new school building on 19 February 1982, in its Golden Jubilee year.

Admission
A decent amount of La Salle College's total Form 1 intake is from its associated La Salle Primary School, with some from other primary schools. Applicants attend interviews in Chinese and English, which are conducted by the supervisor and the principal. La Salle College aims to enrol students who demonstrate not only proficient academic performances, but also accomplishments in extracurricular activities and dedication to strong moral conduct.

La Salle College applicants may also apply to study French as an alternative to Chinese for non-mandarin or cantonese speakers.

The Old Boys' Association
The La Salle College Old Boys' Association (LSCOBA) is the alumni organisation. It was founded in 1939 and its membership, as of 31 March 2017, was 7,453. By tradition, alumni of La Salle College are called La Salle Old Boys. The Association organizes social events for old boys, learning opportunities for current students and sponsors various student activities.

Curriculum
The school follows the local HKDSE curriculum.

As required by Hong Kong law, schools must have two examinations every year: mid-year and final examination. In between the two examinations, students are provided feedback on their performance through continuous assessments, which accounts for 20% of the total subject mark.

Interest clubs and societies
La Salle College has over 50 clubs and societies. Clubs are divided into academic, cultural, sports, interest and service. Joining clubs is mandatory.

Academic achievements
In 1993, the school produced the first student achieving ten distinctions in Arts subjects in the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE).

La Salle College has produced 25 perfect scorers "10As" in the history of Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE) and 6 "Top Scorers" and "Super Top Scorers" in the history of Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (HKDSE).

LSC counts five winners of the Hong Kong Outstanding Students Awards, ranking tied 16th among all secondary schools in Hong Kong.

Sports
In sports, La Salle College has won badminton championships in all grades in 1993–1994, 2003–2004, and 2004–2005 in the Kowloon area. La Salle has won championships in archery, athletics, badminton, basketball, cross country, fencing (Grand slam in 2010–2011), football, hockey, softball, squash (18 consecutive years, 1994–2012), swimming, table tennis, tennis, tenpin bowling, and volleyball. The table tennis team was named the overall champions seven years in a row, from 2000 to 2007.

The Omega Rose Bowl, and its successor the Bauhinia Bowl, is awarded to the secondary school with the best all-round sporting performance in the Hong Kong Island and Kowloon region. La Salle College has been the Boys School Champions 26 times, ranking 2nd in the Boys' Schools section. La Salle College holds the record of receiving the Rose Bowl, predecessor of the Bauhinia Bowl, for the longest period—17 years—between 1974 and 1991. The most recent Athletics prize was their championship in the Inter-school Athletics Meet 2019.

Government

 * John Tsang, 曾俊華, GBM, JP, former Financial Secretary, HKSAR Government, 2017 Chief Executive Election Canadiate.
 * Dr. Chan Cho Chak, John, 陳祖澤, Former Deputy Chief Secretary, Former Secretary for Trade and Industry and Former Secretary for Education and Manpower, HK Government
 * Sir Roger Lobo, 羅保爵士, CBE, LLD, JP, former member of Executive Council (ExCo), Legislative Council (LegCo), and Urban Council
 * Hilton Cheong-Leen, 張有興, CBE, JP, former chairman of the Urban Council, former member of Legislative Council (LegCo)
 * Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales, GBM, JP, former chairman of the Urban Council
 * Ching Cheung-ying, 程張迎, MH, Sha Tin District Council Representative for San Tin Wai Estate, Chinese language teacher in Diocesan Boys' School, former Urban Council representative
 * Pau Shiu-hung,, SBS, JP, former director of architectural services, current vice president of the Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation, former chief commissioner and current honorary commissioner of the Scout Association of Hong Kong
 * Bernard Chan Pak-li, 陳百里 (1993), former district councillor, current political assistant, Commerce and Economic Development Bureau

Arts and culture

 * Bruce Lee, 李小龍, actor in martial arts films and founder of Jeet Kune Do Started at the school in 1952.
 * Dr. James Wong, aka Wong Jim, 黃霑, renowned composer, and lyricist of the La Salle College School Song (Chinese Version)
 * Albert Leung, 林夕, Chinese lyricist and writer (studied F.6–7)
 * Michael Hui, 許冠文, Hong Kong film comedian, scriptwriter and director
 * Philip Chan, zh:陳欣健, Media Management, Film Director, Producer, Script-writer, Emcee, radio show host, talk show host and singer
 * Sammy Leung, 森美, DJ, singer and actor
 * Anthony Lun, 倫永亮, Cantopop singer, composer and producer
 * Hsien-yung Pai, 白先勇, Chinese author
 * Oscar Tao, 涂毓麟, Cantopop singer, music show host, Good Night Show - King Maker contestant,
 * Pong Nan, 藍奕邦, Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry.

Business

 * Jack Chak-kwong So, 蘇澤光, chairman of the Hong Kong Film Development Council
 * John Chen, 程守忠, 程守宗, former CEO of Sybase and interim CEO of Blackberry Ltd, CEO, Siemens Nixdorf Information System, chairman of the US Committee of 100
 * Billy Kan, billionaire businessman
 * Dr. William Man-wai Mong, 蒙民偉, founder of Shun Hing Group
 * Peter Wong, 王冬勝, executive director of HSBC
 * John Shek-yau Lau, executive chairman, Ecargo Holdings Limited; group managing director and Founder, CS Holdings Limited and Cargo Services Group

Science and engineering

 * Henry Tye,, Horace White Professor of Physics at Cornell University
 * Simon S. Lam,, Regents Chair Emeritus in Computer Science at University of Texas-Austin, created in 1993 the first secure sockets layer for making Internet applications secure, e.g., banking and shopping on web, email. He was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame.
 * Peter Lee,, brother of Bruce Lee, assistant director of Hong Kong Observatory.

Legal

 * Sir Po-shing Woo, 胡寶星爵士, Non-Executive Director of Sun Hung Kai Properties and Henderson Land
 * The Honorable Mr Justice Roberto Alexandre Vieira Ribeiro (Class of 1965)

Medicine

 * Dr. Shih Tai Cho Louis, 史泰祖, 2014-2016 President of The Hong Kong Medical Association

Sports

 * Vincent Wong Wing Ki, 黃永棋, badminton player who defeated four-time world champion Lin Dan in the 2011 Denmark Open
 * Leung Nok Hang, 梁諾恆, footballer who currently plays for Chinese Super League club Zhejiang Greentown

title: La Salle College


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Astropolis

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was NO CONSENSUS.

The article was changed significantly on February 7. Only one delete vote was given after that point. dbenbenn | talk 16:11, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Astropolis
In the current state the article is acceptable, and IMO the current VfD no longer applicable. Therefore I suggest to remove the vfd tag. Mikkalai 02:34, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * neologism (? at least I don't remember such in Star Wars, mentioned in the article), original research. Mikkalai 07:00, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep; vote changed after major rework. Mikkalai 17:24, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't see any evidence of this term being any sort of common usage, even among scifi fans. Google mostly returned hits related to some sort of French techno festival of the same name. Katefan0 20:09, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Space station, nothing here worth merging. Megan1967 01:34, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable neologism, unless the French techno festival is notable enough to replace this article. --Deathphoenix 01:41, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism, original research. JoaoRicardo 04:57, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. A classic case for cleanup. Astropolis is hardly a neologism, it appears in the title of Eugene Jolas' Secession in Astropolis in 1929 for example. Probably this page should become a disambiguation, the term is so heavily used for so many things, by so many authors - including the French techno music festival of course. Andrewa 17:43, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * not neologism? A vocabulary entry, please. I doesn't matter that google gives 10,000 hits for the word. The only "cleanup" for the article is to ""delete". If one wants to write about French festival or something real, he is welcome. Even if you turn this article into a disambig, something should be done with the current content, other than to sweep the problem with it under the carpet. Just think that you are voting for the article Astropolis (city), not for Astropolis (disambiguation). Mikkalai 20:04, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I don't want a fight, IMO whether we keep this is not very important, but I think I must reply as the above is full of important misapprehensions. No, we are voting here for the article Astropolis. This, rather than Astropolis (disambiguation), is the best title for a disambiguation page if there's no clear winner for the unqualified title, as seems to be the case, but again that's not terribly important and either will do IMO. No, it's not a neologism, and yes, more than 10,000 Google hits do require some explanation, what is yours? No, we don't delete articles to clean up the history, even in the case of copyvios (unless asked by the copyright holder), and no, editing an article to improve it isn't sweeping a problem under the carpet, and that's a basic principle underlying many of our policies. No change of vote. Andrewa 20:32, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * So, according to your logic, if someone writes in, say, Nick article, that "Nick is the guy with the longest penis in Cupertino, CA" we shall keep the article? Even if the only possible cleanup is blanking? Only because the word exists? Mikkalai 21:37, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: No, I would not suport that argument, nor do I think it is a valid parallel to the current discussion. But I would argue that, if someone were to suggest that Nick was a neologism, then their logic was faulty. Wouldn't you? Andrewa 05:03, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, Andrewa gives 25,600 googlehits. let's have an article, then. BTW, is this you? Mikkalai 21:43, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: No, and no. There is another explanation for these Google hits, and that is that Andrewa is a standard tie-breaker when several people called Andrew all want a userid based on their Christian names, on the same system. (That's not rocket science surely.) All I was asking for was a similar explanation, I still think one is required to cover a gaping hole in the logic above, and it's not obvious to me what it might be. Andrewa 05:03, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Just to clarify my above vote, I think the current contents, although they need a lot of work, do contain some useful material. That is why it would be useful to keep this article as the basis of something better. Andrewa 20:32, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 90% of the article was speculation. Deleted. Of the remaining 3 sentences, if you really want it, you must describe where and this exqactly term was used in the scifi Star Wars and babylon 5. I don't recall it used there. I admit, I didn't learn them by heart, but google search gives zero relevant pages, which is suspicious, in view of huge fandom. Mikkalai 21:37, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: OK, I've now had a go at making it a disambiguation. No change of vote. Andrewa 10:21, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I like the idea of a disambig page, but I'm still worried it is not a notable enough concept to warrant it. Besides the already cited work, which other science fiction works use the term astropolis? JoaoRicardo 02:26, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Omar Filini 07:15, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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The Streets at Southpoint

The Streets at Southpoint is a shopping mall in Durham, North Carolina. Located near I-40, on Fayetteville Road, the mall was developed by Urban Retail Properties and is currently owned and managed by Brookfield Properties, a subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management. The Streets at Southpoint opened in 2002. The mall features the traditional retailers Nordstrom, Macy's, Belk, and J. C. Penney, in addition to a 17-screen AMC Theatres and IMAX.

History
The Streets at Southpoint took four years of planning and over two years of construction. It opened on March 8, 2002, with anchors Hecht's, Sears, JCPenney, Belk, and Nordstrom. The mall had around 300,000 visitors during its first three days of operation. The mall is home to many firsts for the area, including North Carolina's first Nordstrom and Apple Store. Other stores that were new to the Research Triangle area included Aveda, California Pizza Kitchen, Hollister Co., and Pottery Barn Kids. The Streets at Southpoint was the first mall to come to the Durham area in nearly three decades. The opening of the mall was chosen as the most important story of the year in Durham's Top 10 Business Stories of 2002.

On December 28, 2018, it was announced Sears would shutter as part of an ongoing decision to phase out of its traditional brick-and-mortar format. On February 1, 2019, it was revealed that the previous Sears outpost was being considered as part of a future enhanced development envisioned for the property. On June 23, 2023, Brookfield, the mall development firm, had won the approval for an enhanced development to occur outside the mall which is set to include an additional 100,000 square feet of retail space, 300,000 square feet of offices, up to 200 hotel rooms, and more than 1,382 apartments. Brookfield had determined that it's appropriate to invest in the property as places like Fenton and Raleigh Iron Works come into the market.

By 2023, since the government lockdown, The Streets at Southpoint had announced several newest additions, among them are Peloton, Warby Parker, Offline by Aerie, Evereve, LoveSac, and Lovisa, in addition to a new much larger store format for Apple.

Architecture
The Streets at Southpoint was designed and developed by Urban Retail Properties with an old-fashioned Main Street concept. RTKL Associates Inc. served as the architect and also provided environmental graphic design services, incorporating the logo design throughout the development, reinforcing the shopping center's identity. The mall is a "hybrid mall," combining a traditional enclosed mall with an outdoor pedestrian wing. A 70-feet glass wall separates the two portions of the mall.

The Streets at Southpoint's developer, Jim Farrell, wanted to add to the Main Street feel, envisaging playing children as a fixture of the mall. He enlisted A.R.T. Design Group to create statues of some of the children of local leaders. There are 23 statues in total throughout the mall, taking three years to create.

Over 2 million red bricks were used to line both the exterior and interior of the mall. Architects were inspired by downtown of Durham and the brick façades of the buildings at UNC and on Franklin Street. Hand rails throughout the mall include pieces of maps of Durham. The food court, entitled "Fork in the Road," was inspired by old tobacco warehouses.

A 70-foot smokestack can be found at the end of the outdoor stretch of the mall in an effort to pay homage to the heritage of downtown Durham. Mature trees and shrubbery were shipped in from other locations in order to make the mall seem as if it has been in Durham for a long time. The outdoor Main Street includes larger retailers and stand-alone restaurants such as The Cheesecake Factory.

Reception
As of 2023, the mall had received on average over 1 million visitors every month since its opening.

title: The Streets at Southpoint


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title: Template:Fungus-stub


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Iraqi maqam

Iraqi Maqam (المقام العراقي) is a genre of Arabic maqam music found in Iraq. The roots of modern Iraqi maqam can be traced as far back as the Abbasid Caliphate (8th–13th centuries AD), when that large empire was controlled from Baghdad. The ensemble of instruments used in this genre, called Al Chalghi al Baghdadi, includes a qari' (singer), santur, goblet drum, joza, cello, and sometimes oud and naqqarat. The focus is on the poem sung in classical Arabic or an Iraqi dialect (then called zuhayri). A complete maqam concert is known as fasl (plural fusul) and is named after the first maqam: Bayat, Hijaz, Rast, Nawa, or Husayni.

A typical performance includes the following sections: Maqama texts are often derived from classical Arabic poetry, such as by al-Mutanabbi and Abu Nuwas. Some performers used traditional sources translated into the dialect of Baghdad, and still others use Arabic, Turkish, Armenian, Hebrew, Turkmen, Aramaic or Persian language lyrics. Due to Iraq's diversity, different ethnic groups use this genre in their own language.
 * tahrir, sometimes badwah
 * taslum
 * finalis

Famous maqam singers
There are many Iraqi maqam singers including:

 * Ahmed al-Zaidan
 * Rashid al-Qundarchi
 * Muhammad al-Qubanchi
 * Hussein al-A'dhami
 * Najm al-Shaykhli
 * Hassan Khaiwka
 * Hashim al-Rejab
 * Yousuf Omar
 * Farida Mohammad Ali
 * Abd al-Rahman Khader
 * Hamed al-Sa‘di
 * Nazem Al-Ghazali
 * Filfel Gourgy
 * Affifa Iskandar
 * Mulla Hasan al-Babujachi
 * Rahmat Allah Shiltagh
 * Khalil Rabbaz
 * Rahmain Niftar
 * Rubin Rajwan
 * Mulla Uthman al-Mawsili
 * Jamil al-Baghdadi
 * Salman Moshe
 * Yusuf Huresh
 * Abbas Kambir
 * Farida al-A‘dhami

title: Iraqi maqam


text:
Greatest Hits (Guns N' Roses album)

Greatest Hits is a compilation album by the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, released on March 23, 2004. Released by Geffen Records in part because of the delay in the making of Chinese Democracy, the album was subject to lawsuits by band member Axl Rose and former band members, in an attempt to block its release due to its track listing.

Despite the album having almost no promotion, it reached number one on the UK Albums Chart and number three on the Billboard 200 chart upon its release. Greatest Hits re-entered the Billboard 200 at number three in March 2012, selling about 85,000 copies as part of a promotion by both Amazon and Google Play that saw the album sold for 25 cents for one day. The album has proven a popular seller, selling over six million copies in the United States by 2018. Greatest Hits is one of the longest charting albums in the Billboard 200 era, being one of only seven albums to notch at least 400 weeks on the chart by June 2017. As of July 2023, it has spent 631 weeks on the chart.

Lawsuit
Axl Rose immediately tried to block the release by suing Geffen, saying it would ruin his focus on Chinese Democracy and if he were to get the album finished and released sooner, the Greatest Hits album would be selling more, leaving the album unnoticed. Former bandmates Slash and Duff McKagan helped Rose file the lawsuit against Geffen, although they did not speak to each other in person. The lawsuit failed and the album was released under Geffen Records' rights.

Reception
The album received mixed reviews, with several critics complaining of the track listing, feeling several notable songs were missing. AllMusic criticized the album for "(giving) an inaccurate portrait of the band", saying "it bears all the hallmarks of a slapdash compilation, hastily assembled by the label as a way to buy time between releases. There are no liner notes, the cardboard packaging is flimsy, (&) the remastering isn't notable." The review singled out "Nightrain", "Estranged", "It's So Easy", "Mr. Brownstone" and "Used to Love Her" as songs that should have been on the album but weren't.

Pop Matters stated the album "does nothing to enhance the legacy of a once-proud rock band. There are no hidden insights into the inner workings of the group, no lost classics, and no evidence of their contribution to a new generation of musicians. Instead we are left with an inflated sticker price for a Pandora's box of tracks..." Pitchfork criticized the compilation for having too many covers, as well as not including songs such as "Out Ta Get Me", "Used to Love Her", and "One in a Million". BBC criticized the songs for being dated. The Maneater stated "The appearance of the album gives the impression of a record company that focused solely on the fact that people would buy the album even if it were wrapped in brown wrapping paper." and criticized the compilation for not including songs such as "Estranged", "Mr. Brownstone", and "Pretty Tied Up".

In a positive review, NME stated " It’s packed with pomp, spunk and circumstance, makes blokes want to fight and girls want to dance. What the fuck else is there?".

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

Guns N' Roses

 * W. Axl Rose – lead vocals, percussion on "Welcome to the Jungle", whistling on "Patience" and "Civil War", synthesizer and whistle on "Paradise City", keyboards on "Since I Don't Have You" and "Live and Let Die", piano on "November Rain", "Yesterdays," and "Sympathy for the Devil"
 * Slash – lead guitar, acoustic guitar on "Civil War", "Sweet Child o' Mine" and "Knockin' On Heaven's Door", lead acoustic guitar on "Patience"
 * Izzy Stradlin – rhythm guitar (on tracks 1, 2, 4–11 and "Shadow of Your Love"), rhythm acoustic guitar on "Patience", backing vocals on tracks 1–11
 * Duff McKagan – bass, backing vocals, rhythm acoustic guitar on "Patience"
 * Steven Adler – drums (on tracks 1, 2, 4, and 6 and "Shadow of Your Love" and "Civil War"), backing vocals on "Patience"
 * Matt Sorum – drums and backing vocals on tracks 5, 7–14
 * Dizzy Reed – keyboards and piano on tracks 5–14, organ
 * Gilby Clarke – rhythm guitar and backing vocals on "Ain't It Fun" and "Since I Don't Have You"
 * Paul Huge – rhythm guitar on "Sympathy for the Devil"

Additional personnel

 * Michael Monroe – co-lead vocals on "Ain't It Fun"
 * Mike Staggs – additional guitars on "Ain't It Fun"
 * West Arkeen – percussion on "Patience"
 * Rick Richards – percussion on "Patience"
 * Ray Grden – percussion on "Patience"
 * Howard Teman – percussion on "Patience"
 * The Waters – backing vocals on "Knockin' on Heaven's Door"
 * Shannon Hoon – backing vocals on "Live and Let Die", "November Rain", co-lead vocals on "Don't Cry"

 * Johann Langlie – programming on "Live and Let Die", "November Rain"
 * Reba Shaw – backing vocals on "November Rain"
 * Stuart Bailey – backing vocals on "November Rain"
 * Jon Thautwein – horn on "Live and Let Die"
 * Matthew McKagan – horn on "Live and Let Die"
 * Rachel West – horn on "Live and Let Die"
 * Robert Clark – horn on "Live and Let Die"

title: Greatest Hits (Guns N' Roses album)


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Raul Usupov

Raul Usupov (Georgian: რაულ უსუფოვი / Raul Usupovi; Azeri: Raul Yusupov) (1980 – February 3, 2005) was a politician in the nation of Georgia and deputy governor of Kvemo Kartli region.

He was born in the village of Karajala, near Telavi, Kakheti, to Azeri parents - Yashar and Lily Usupov. At the age of 20, he moved to Tbilisi, where he got married and had a daughter. He later joined Georgia's United National Movement, then led by Zurab Zhvania (who later became Georgia's Prime Minister). He became a close friend of Zhvania and it was in Usupov's flat in Tbilisi that the two men were found dead in the early hours of the morning of 3 February 2005, apparently as a result of a natural gas leak, and with "no sign of foul play", according to Georgian authorities and FBI officers.

title: Raul Usupov


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La Pucelle

La Pucelle may refer to:

 * Gerard la Pucelle (circa 1117-1184), Roman Catholic bishop
 * La Pucelle (saint) (circa 1412-1431), a.k.a. Joan of Arc, virgin saint and national heroine of France
 * La Pucelle (ship), a fictional ship from Bernard Cornwell's novel Sharpe's Trafalgar
 * La Pucelle: Tactics, a 2002 tactical role-playing videogame
 * La Pucelle (violin), a.k.a. The Virgin, a 1709 violin made by Antonio Stradivari

title: La Pucelle


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Hecht's

Hecht's, also known as Hecht Brothers, Hecht Bros. and The Hecht Company, was a large chain of department stores that operated mainly in the mid-Atlantic and southern region of the United States. The firm originated in Baltimore, Maryland.

By 2005, Hecht's had some 81 stores in 19 markets in Maryland, the District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Its locations in New Jersey, Delaware, and the majority of those in Pennsylvania were operated under the name of Strawbridge's. Hecht's administrative office was in Arlington, Virginia.

Hecht's was founded and was operated for over a century (1857–1959) as a family firm. It was purchased in 1959 by The May Department Stores Company which in turn, was acquired by Federated Department Stores on August 30, 2005. On February 1, 2006, Federated dissolved the former May Company divisions, and the existing Hecht's stores were divided between Macy's East and Macy's South, with stores in Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Northern Virginia going to the former and stores in North Carolina, Tennessee, and the rest of Virginia (roughly much of the former Thalhimers territory) going to the latter. The replacement Hecht's store in Chevy Chase, Maryland, took the Bloomingdale's name. On September 9, 2006, the Hecht's name was phased out in favor of the nationally known (Macy's).

History

The Hecht Company was founded in 1857 by Sam Hecht, Jr. The Hecht family was Jewish and came from the little village of Langenschwarz (now part of Burghaun), Kreis Hünfeld, Hesse, Germany where Sam was born on December 10, 1830. His father Meyer (a.k.a. Meier or Maier) Hecht was a cattle dealer or driver who was drowned in Langenschwarz on June 12, 1835. Meyer's parents were Anschel (a.k.a. Anshil or Asher) Hecht who was a fur dealer and Güta (a.k.a. Giet) née Goldschmidt who was born in Bellersheim, Kreis Hungen, Hesse, Germany.

Sam's older brother Simeon arrived in America on the ship Agnes on September 2, 1844, listed as Sam Hecht, age 21. Meyer's widow Hannah or Hanne Miriam (née Bachrach) was probably born in Hesse, Germany in 1789 or 1790. She left Germany with Sam and his brother Reuben and immigrated to the United States; they arrived in Baltimore, Maryland, on December 15, 1847, on the ship Schiller.

Sam's brothers Jacob, Moses and Raphael (a.k.a. Vogel) and sister Adelheid (a.k.a. Ettel or Edel) had arrived in Baltimore on the ship Albert on July 31, 1845, which departed from Bremen, Germany. There may have been another brother Ansel (a.k.a. Asher Ralph) who immigrated to Baltimore but he has not been found on any passenger lists. Asher Ralph appears in Baltimore city directories between 1844–1858; Ansel appears in New York City directories from 1858.

Sam Hecht, Jr. became an itinerant peddler selling his goods in and around Baltimore and on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay. After a decade of itinerant peddling, he settled down and started what would become the Hecht stores. On Jan 5, 1854, Sam married Babette Wolfsheimer in Baltimore.

Baltimore stores
In 1857 Sam Hecht, Jr. opened a used furniture store on Aliceanna Street (near South Broadway) in Baltimore, Maryland.

By 1870 this venture had moved to a more auspicious location at 519 South Broadway where the name 'HECHT'S RELIABLE STORES' could be seen carved in foot-high letters into the granite cornice above the third floor (now demolished). Clothing was added to the lineup in 1879 under the name of Hecht's Reliable. Shortly thereafter a carpet and matting establishment was opened in Baltimore at 310 West Lexington Street.

Over the front of the new store on Lexington Street was a sign reading 'Samuel Hecht, Jr. & Sons,' reflecting the development of the firm as a family enterprise. Four of Samuel's sons eventually joined him in business. They were, in order of age: Emanuel (Manny), Albert S., Alexander (Alex), and Moses (Mose) S. Hecht.

Emanuel Hecht joined his father in business in 1880. In 1886, he and his brother Albert were listed as partners with their father. Alex and Mose came into the firm later and contributed to its success. Samuel Hecht., Jr. died on February 7, 1907, in Baltimore. His sons, and later his grandsons, carried on the business.

The growth of the firm continued in Baltimore with the opening of the Hecht Brothers store on Baltimore and Pine streets in 1885, the Hub store in Baltimore in 1897, and Hecht Brothers at Howard and Franklin streets in 1926. Hecht stores were also established in New York City and Easton, Maryland. There was also a branch in Annapolis, Maryland. However, the most important move was into Washington, D.C.

Washington stores

The Hechts opened a store in Washington on March 20, 1896, which moved to a grand glass and marble store at the corner of 7th and F Streets Northwest, in Washington, D.C.'s downtown shopping district, in November 1925. Alexander Hecht directed the Washington part of the business for the family.

Hecht's was the first store in Washington to offer national brands. It also boasted the first parking garage and first elevator. Its relatively open policies made it popular among African-Americans as well as the white populace.

A tour of Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms paintings, intended to rally support for the Allied cause in World War II and the purchase of war bonds, premiered at the store in 1943.

In July 1951, a mixed race group began to picket outside the store, protesting racial segregation in the store's cafeteria. The offending policy was changed in January of the following year.

Hecht's moved its flagship store to a new building in downtown Washington in 1985. The former Hecht Company main building, now across from the Capital One Arena, was extensively renovated and reopened in 2003 as Terrell Place, honoring Mary Church Terrell's role in desegregating that and other public accommodations in Washington.

Hecht's operated the last local department store in downtown Washington, in a structure at the corner of 12th and G Streets NW built in 1985 and renovated in 2003. Converted to a Macy's location in September 2006, the building has a direct entrance to the Metro Center station of the Washington Metro.

Into the suburbs
After World War II, Hecht Company began to build new stores in the suburbs around Baltimore and Washington. Outside the center of Baltimore, Hecht's opened a store in Northwood in September 1954, followed by another in Edmondson Village in October 1956, and a third in the then-new Reisterstown Road Plaza in January 1962.

In 1947, they opened a large three-story department store in Silver Spring, Maryland, just north of Washington, D.C. The wisdom of this move was initially questioned; however, within a few years, more room was needed, and a fourth story was added to the building. That store was closed in 1987 and was converted and expanded into City Place Mall, which opened in 1992 and which is now known as Ellsworth Place. The second suburban store opened on November 2, 1951, at Parkington in Arlington County, Virginia. It cost $6.5 million to construct the 300000 sqft store and it was the largest suburban department store on the east coast at that time. On November 2, 1958, Maryland Gov. Theodore R. McKeldin ceremonially opened the third suburban D.C. Hecht Company store at Prince George's Plaza in Hyattsville. Gov. J. Millard Tawes did the honors on August 29, 1960, when he opened the fourth suburban D.C. location, the 168000 sqft store at Marlow Heights Shopping Center.

May Company
The Hecht chain was acquired by the May Company in 1959. At this time, the historic 1924 Bernheim-Leader store on the corner of Howard and Lexington Streets in Baltimore was renamed Hecht's, becoming its flagship store in the Baltimore area. It closed in 1988, one of the last department stores to remain in the downtown district. In 1998, it was declared a city landmark, and has since been renovated into apartments owned by Southern Management.

Many other stores acquired later were also rebranded as Hecht's. In 1990, Hecht's acquired four Miller & Rhoads stores in Virginia. That same year, the May company acquired the Thalhimers chain from Carter Hawley Hale Stores. The following year it was announced that the Thalhimers stores would be folded under the Hecht's name. When May took over ten Hess's stores, based in Allentown, Pennsylvania, three of them re-opened as Hecht's and the others were operated by corporate siblings Kaufmann's and Filene's. Hecht's acquired Wanamaker's, based in Philadelphia, and Woodward & Lothrop, based in Washington, D.C., taking over 17 stores acquired in 1995 in joint acquisition with JCPenney. Fourteen stores were consolidated the same year. Thirteen of Strawbridge and Clothier's stores, based in the Philadelphia area, were acquired in 1996. Following the acquisition, S&C was renamed Strawbridge's. Their management consolidated with Hecht's the same year, but the Strawbridge name was retained and expanded to all the Philadelphia locations.

In the Nashville area, Hecht's took over selected former Castner Knott stores, which had been purchased from East Tennessee–based Proffitt's in 2001. Proffitt's previously acquired them as a result of the Mercantile Stores/Dillard's merger in 1998, and briefly rebranded them as Proffitt's locations.

title: Hecht's


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Russell Mockridge

Edward Russell Mockridge (18 July 1928 – 13 September 1958) was a racing cyclist from Geelong, Victoria, Australia. He died during a race, in collision with a bus.

Family
The son of Robert Glover Mockridge and Aileen Claire Mockridge, née Riley, Edward Russell Mockridge (known as Russell) was born in Melbourne on 18 July 1928. Mockridge married Irene Pritchard (-2004), widely known as "Rene", in London, in 1953; they had a daughter, Melinda, who was born in Ghent, Belgium in December 1954.

Career
Mockridge started in 1946 by winning his first race of 40 km with Geelong Amateur Cycling Club. For his upper-class accent he was dubbed Little Lord Fauntleroy, but his wins soon earned him the nickname of The Geelong Flyer. He became described as 'Australia's greatest all-round cyclist for all time'.

His ride in the 1948 Summer Olympics road race in London was ruined by two punctures and his team was eliminated in the quarter-final of the 4000 m team pursuit. He represented Australia at the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland. He took gold in the 1000 m sprint and the 1000m time trial, and silver in the 4000 m pursuit.

In Paris in July 1952 he won the Amateur Grand Prix and the following day the Open Grand Prix, beating world professional champion Reg Harris, becoming first to win both amateur and professional Paris Sprints. His humiliation of the professionals led to amateur riders being barred for many years. Later that year, he won Manchester Wheelers' Club Muratti Cup again beating Reg Harris.

Selection for the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki was in doubt as he refused to sign the Australian Olympic Federation fidelity bond, which demanded he remain amateur for two years after the Games. A great former cyclist, Hubert Opperman, then Federal parliamentarian for Geelong, negotiated a one-year reduction. Mockridge won gold medals in the tandem event with Lionel Cox, and in the 1000 m time trial. He turned professional a year later with success in Europe and Australia. He teamed with Sid Patterson and Reginald Arnold to win the Paris six-day race in 1955. Mockridge was one of 60 of 150 entrants to finish the 1955 Tour de France. He won 12 consecutive Australian championships. He won the Australian national road race title in 1956, 1957 and 1958.

Death
In 1958, aged 30, he was killed by a bus in Melbourne at the Dandenong Rd and Clayton Rd intersection, two miles from the start of the 225 km Tour of Gippsland race.

Recognition

 * In 2015, he was an inaugural Cycling Australia Hall of Fame inductee.

title: Russell Mockridge


text:
Vano Merabishvili

Ivane "Vano" Merabishvili (ივანე "ვანო" მერაბიშვილი; born 15 April 1968) is a Georgian politician and 9th Prime Minister of Georgia from 4 July to 25 October 2012. A former NGO activist, he became directly involved in Georgia's politics in 1999 and emerged as one of the government's most influential members after the 2003 Rose Revolution, especially as Georgia's Minister of Internal Affairs (18 December 2004 – 4 July 2012).

Education and NGO career
Merabishvili was born in the largely Georgian Roman Catholic village of Ude in what is now Samtskhe-Javakheti region in south Georgia, then a Soviet republic. He graduated from the Georgian Technical University in 1992 with a degree from the Faculty of Mining. After his schooling he held several positions at the Technical University and at the Institute of Agriculture of Georgia before becoming a president of the Association for Protection of Landowners' Rights in 1995 and a co-founder of the Liberty Institute in 1996.

Member of Parliament
Merabishvili's direct involvement with politics began in November 1999 when he was elected to the Parliament of Georgia on the party ticket of the Union of Citizens of Georgia (UCG), chaired by then-President Eduard Shevardnadze. Merabishvili was a member of an influential and vocal, yet small, group of the UCG faction, known as “reformers” led by Zurab Zhvania and Mikheil Saakashvili and which called for more radical and Western-oriented political reforms.

In April 2001, with a simmering conflict in the UCG, Merabishvili, then a chairman of the Parliamentary Committee for Economic Policy, became the first and, at that time, the only leading member of the party to openly criticise Shevardnadze. In an interview with the Washington Post, Merabisvhili stated Shevardnadze was “tired” and lacked the political will to fight corruption. Shevardnadze downplayed the criticism, attributing Merabishvili’s statement to the latter's youth and inexperience.

In 2002, Merabishvili became Secretary General of Mikheil Saakashvili’s newly formed opposition National Movement. He was energetically involved in the protest movement following the November 2003 parliamentary elections which led to Shevardnadze’s resignation in the bloodless Rose Revolution.

Government minister
After Saakashvili's ascent to the presidency, Merabishvili served as the National Security Advisor and Secretary of the National Security Council from January until June 2004 when he was appointed as Minister of State Security. In December 2004, the Ministry of State Security was merged with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of which Merabishvili was placed in charge. As interior minister, Merabishvili presided over police reform and a crackdown on criminal bosses, the so-called "thieves in law", winning praise from many international institutions and observers. Critics have accused the Interior Ministry of using excessive force and heavy-handed tactics in several cases, including against opposition protesters in 2007 and 2010. Merabishvili has denied these allegations.

In 2006, a controversy surrounding the murder of Sandro Girgvliani, a 28-year-old commercial bank employee, had a significant political fallout and was at the forefront of several opposition attempts to force Merabishvili to resign. Girgvliani's family accused interior ministry officials of murdering Sandro after he insulted them and Tako Salaqaia, Merabishvili's wife, during an argument in a café. The court case resulted in the conviction of four lower-level ministry officials, but the case was heavily criticized by several independent observers and opposition parties who claimed a cover up. Merabishvili himself accused the opposition parties of trying to use the Girgvliani murder case "for their political interests" and declared that he did not plan to resign.

By late 2008, Merabishvili had become one of the most influential figures in the government of Georgia. The Interior Ministry enlarged its responsibilities, taking greater control of border police and was designated by President Saakashvili to oversee distribution of the substantial international assistance for Georgians displaced in the August conflict with Russia. In a March 2009 interview with Rustavi 2 TV, Merabishvili said the assumption that he was the most powerful figure in Saakashvili's administration was "over-exaggerated", yet confirmed that in some cases the President had given him broader tasks.

In December 2011, Merabishvili's achievements as a Minister of Internal Affairs were praised by Bidzina Ivanishvili, a multi-billionaire businessman, who came into Georgian politics with the intent to challenge the government in the October 2012 parliamentary election. Ivanishvili called on Merabishvili to convince President Saakashvili to step down. Merabishvili later said he did not consider Ivanishvili to have been the government's "serious rival".

Prime Minister
On June 30, 2012, President Saakashvili named Merabishvili as the country's Prime Minister, replacing Nika Gilauri. This decision was made a few months before the October parliamentary elections. Merabishvili said his program would be focused on the three key priorities: employment, agriculture development and availability of healthcare. He was approved by the Parliament of Georgia on July 4, 2012.

The Lopota incident, which began on August 28, 2012, became a focal point for Merabishvili's handling of national security towards unknown assailants, which lasted until October 30, 2012 as the assailants were mostly killed in action by security forces, and the remaining were arrested.

The United National Movement lost majority of seats to the opposition coalition Bidzina Ivanishvili–Georgian Dream in the 2012 election. As envisaged by the constitution, Merabishvili and his government resigned on October 11, 2012, continuing to be an acting prime minister until Bidzina Ivanishvili was approved by the parliament on October 25, 2012. On October 15, 2012, Merabishvili was elected as secretary-general of the United National Movement, pledging to a "modern, new type of party".

Arrest and sentence
On May 21, 2013, Merabishvili and Zurab Tchiaberashvili, governor of Kakheti and former Minister of Health, were arrested in connection to an investigation into alleged misspending of GEL 5.2 million public funds on their party activists during the 2012 election campaign, leading to accusations of political vendetta leveled by the United National Movement against the Ivanishvili government. On February 17, 2014, Merabishvili was sentenced to five years in jail after being found guilty of abuse of office, bribery of voters and inefficient use of budget funds. The Merabishvili defense team appealed the sentence. The opposition said it was a witch hunt of the former government. In September 2016 Merabishvili was further sentenced to 6,5 years in prison on charges of ordering the beating of the opposition parliament member Valeri Gelashvili.

Government of Georgia in 2013 has officially invited OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights for Monitoring the trials of former high level officials. Monitoring group stated, that “Based on the above observations regarding specific fair trial rights difficulties – often of a systemic nature – it can be concluded that the respect of fair trial rights in the monitored cases was not fully guaranteed by the Georgian criminal justice system”. And particularly about the case against Mr Merabishvili has emphasized, that “In a case where the defendant was convicted of exceeding official powers, the court failed to say what the limits of the defendant’s powers were, and how the defendant exceeded those limits, aside from noting that the defendant did not have the authority to commit illegal acts. In order to assess whether and how a defendant exceeded official powers, the limits of those powers must first be established”. Therefore, even the minimum standards for substantiation of Judicial Decisions were not met.

In 2015 report of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) on Georgia, the CPT states that current condition of detention of Mr Merabishvili “could be considered as amounting to inhuman and degrading treatment.”

On 14 June 2016, the Fourth Section of the European Court of Human Rights ruled in the case Merabishvili v Georgia that the repeated extension of Merabishvili's pre-trial detention "lacked reasonableness" and was exploited "as an additional opportunity to obtain leverage over the unrelated investigation" into the death of the former Prime Minister Zurab Zhvania and financial activities of former President Mikheil Saakashvili. The Fourth Section of ECHR unanimously found violations of Articles 5§3 and 18 of the European Convention of Human Rights in the case of former Prime-Minister.

The Government of Georgia appealed the case to the Grand Chamber of the ECHR, but on 28 November 2017, the Grand Chamber by a majority ruled that pretrial detention of Merabishvili, initially justified, became aimed at obtaining information on unrelated cases, including the one against former President Mikheil Saakashvili. Thus, the Grand Chamber completely upheld the decision of the ECHR Fourth Section regarding the case. By the time this decision was adopted by the Grand Chamber, in almost 60-year history of the ECHR there were only seven cases, including that of Ivane Merabishvili, in which breach of Article 18 of the European Convention of Human Rights was established by the section of the ECHR and the first one by the Grand Chamber. Ivane Merabishvili was only the third politician in relation to whom this breach was established by the Court and first case of this kind in the history of Georgia.

Release from prison
Having served almost seven years in prison, Merabishvili was released on 20 February 2020. Outside of Matrosovi Prison, he stated his intention to return to politics and bring an end to the Georgian Dream party. Due to his past political allies being divided into different parties, he offered to meet with each and decide which one to join afterwards. Despite his release, he may still face further charges for a raid on Imedi TV in 2007, as well as his part in dispersing 2007 rallies.

Prime Minister and Georgian Dream politician Giorgi Gakharia dismissed Merabishvili's threats as proof that the United National Movement was a party of the past, while Justice Minister Thea Tsulukiani described Merabishvili as a political hot potato. Both the United National Movement and the European Georgia party were open to receiving him back into the party, support also coming from Saakashvili. Other opposition parties, however, have rejected the possibility of Merabishvili's membership, including the Movement for United Georgia and Lelo for Georgia. In March, writing for the Eurasian Daily Monitor, Giorgi Menabde suggested that the opposition were in fact unwilling to accept Merabishvili into their parties due to a fear he may be too controversial. Though he can run as an independent candidate for the Akhaltsikhe seat in the 2020 Georgian parliamentary election, Iosif Tsintsadze rejected the possibility of Merabishvili winning without party support.

Merabishvili claimed on Facebook that he was deliberately provided substandard medical care during his imprisonment, needing to travel to Poland to seek treatment before returning to Georgia.

Personal life
Merabishvili is married to Tamar Salaqaia (born 1981). They have two sons, Misha (მიშა) (born 2000) and Davit (დავითი) (born 2009).

title: Vano Merabishvili


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject South Africa

Welcome to WikiProject South Africa, a collaborative effort to improve coverage on South Africa and the organisation of information and articles on this topic. If you know of any active editors who have contributed to South Africa related articles or related WikiProjects, please refer them to this project. Everyone is welcome!

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title: Wikipedia:WikiProject South Africa


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ant Rite

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 01:42, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

Ant Rite

 * The mysterious title has nothing to do with the contents of the article. Is it worth keeping and renaming, and if so, to what? -- Curps 07:26, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - The name dosen't relate to anything and the text is incohesive. Some of the NPOV information could be useful in other articles. Cacophony 08:33, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. The title comes from the fact that the author's name is Anthony Wright.  RickK 09:24, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, article as it stands is POV un-encyclopaedic, original research. Megan1967 01:40, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research/essay. --Deathphoenix 01:47, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research. JoaoRicardo 04:56, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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William A. Blakley

William Arvis "Dollar Bill" Blakley (November 17, 1898 – January 5, 1976) was an American politician and businessman from the state of Texas. Blakley was part of the conservative wing of the Texas Democratic Party. He served twice as an interim United States Senator, appointed by the Governor to fill a vacancy until his successor could be duly elected. He served first in 1957 after the resignation of Price Daniel and again in 1961 after the resignation of Lyndon B. Johnson.

Blakley ran two unsuccessful campaigns for election to the Senate in his own right. He lost the regularly scheduled 1958 primary election to incumbent liberal Democrat Ralph Yarborough. He lost as the incumbent in the 1961 election to complete Johnson's term to John Tower, the first Republican ever popularly elected from Texas.

Early years and career
Blakley was born in Miami Station, Missouri, but moved shortly after that with his parents to Arapaho, Oklahoma. He worked as a ranch hand as a young man, earning the nickname "Cowboy Bill." Blakley served with the United States Army in the First World War; he was admitted to the bar in 1933 and joined a law firm in Dallas, Texas. In following years, his interests expanded into real estate, ranch land, banking, and insurance; by 1957, he was estimated to be worth $300 million.

Entry to politics
In 1956, Allan Shivers opted not to run for a fourth term as Governor of Texas; Senator Price Daniel, as a sitting U.S. Senator, was elected Governor of Texas. Like Shivers and Daniel, Blakley was an "Eisenhower Democrat" who had supported Dwight Eisenhower over the national Democratic Party candidate Adlai Stevenson in 1952 and 1956.

Blakley, who had gained prominence in Texas politics for his business successes, was building a $125 million shopping center and a 1,000-room hotel in Dallas. Governor Shivers, who had been considering appointing a Republican candidate to the Senate seat, named Blakley to the Senate pending a special election.

Pressured by the Democratic Party to cool tensions from the gubernatorial election, Blakley did not seek the remaining term as senator and served for fewer than four months, from January 15 to April 28. Ralph Yarborough succeeded him in the special election, winning with a plurality of the vote when the conservatives divided three ways, with Republican Thad Hutcheson of Houston and Democratic U.S. Representative Martin Dies, Jr., collectively holding 53 percent of the vote.

After that, Texas law was changed to require a runoff between the two leading candidates in a special election if no one had a majority in the first round. Blakley left the Senate saying, "I shall go back to my boots and saddle and ride toward the Western sunset."

When the seat came up again the following year in the ordinary election cycle, Blakley ran in the primary against Yarborough as the conservative "Shivercrat" candidate. Blakley ran with the backing of Price Daniel, Yarborough's colleague in the Senate, Lyndon Johnson, and the southern bloc of senators who disagreed with Yarborough's progressive platform against segregation. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Sam Rayburn, a fellow Texan, backed Yarborough in the election though he had supported naming Blakley to the temporary Senate seat in 1957. Rayburn's support proved critical. Blakley was defeated in the primary, and Yarborough kept his Senate seat by a margin of 680,000 to Blakley's 486,000.

Senate appointment and subsequent loss
In 1961, upon Lyndon Johnson becoming Vice President of the United States, Blakley was appointed to fill Johnson's vacated Senate seat. Contention again appeared between the liberal and conservative wings of the Democratic Party for the nomination in the special election that would follow; Blakley maintained that he had vigorously resisted John F. Kennedy's "New Frontier" legislation, which was unpopular with Texas conservatives. Consequently, Ralph Yarborough did not endorse Blakley among the 71 candidates who ran without party designation.

Blakley ran a weak second with 191,818 (18.1 percent) votes to Republican John Tower's 327,308 (30.9 percent), with the remaining ballots divided among five other major Democratic candidates, including future U.S. House Speaker Jim Wright of Fort Worth, with 171,328 (16.2 percent). In the special election runoff, some Texas liberals refused to vote for a Democratic candidate who seemed as conservative as the Republican nominee, and some Texas conservatives viewed Blakley's conservatism as lukewarm. Blakley, at 62, was older than his Republican opponent--Tower was 35. Tower won the seat in the special election runoff with 448,217 votes (50.6 percent) to Blakley's 437,872 (49.4 percent), a margin of 10,343. Blakley was the first Democratic senator to lose to a Republican in Texas in over eighty years.

Final years and death
After losing the Senate election, Blakley left politics and returned to his business interests. He died in Dallas and is buried there in Restland Memorial Park, alongside his wife, the former Villa W. Darnell, a native of Washita County, Oklahoma, who also died in Dallas. The couple had five children.

Blakley Braniff Foundation
A library at the University of Dallas is named after him as a result of his and Braniff founder and President Thomas Elmer Braniff's support of the school through endowments from their Blakley Braniff Foundation. Blakley had contributed US$100 million to the foundation. Before 1961, Blakley was the largest single shareholder of Braniff International Airways.

title: William A. Blakley


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Migrant Mother

Migrant Mother
Migrant Mother, Dorothea Lange's 1936 photograph of Florence Owens Thompson and children became the most famous image of the Great Depression in the United States. Its one of the classic photographs of the 20th century, and is now an icon of resiliance in the face of adversity. Its focus seems to be a little off, but its still a great image. -- Solipsist 07:43, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Nominate and support -- Solipsist 07:43, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, Historically significant, lot's of emotions, although Florence Owens Thompson was just waiting for her boyfriend to get help for the broken down car. -- Chris 73 Talk 08:11, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, emotion captured nicely. Mgm|(talk) 09:28, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain, until I learn whether or not copyright is an issue with this photo. Given the date, seems it is still protected. Support. Denni ☯  00:59, 2005 Feb 4 (UTC)
 * Well you can check the status on the Library of Congress website, but User:MarkSweep has done a nice job of expanding the details on the image description page on the Commons. More interestingly, Florence Owens Thompson was apparently not too happy with being portrayed as destitute, and after this photograph was published on the front page of the San Francisco News she tried to get further publication stopped, only to be told she couldn't because the image was public domain. -- Solipsist 11:21, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The image page says that it is a work of the US government and thus is PD. And support. BrokenSegue
 * Support, excellent picture --Spangineer ∞ 16:08, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, given that this might be the most famous single frame in the history of photography, I guess it should qualify. Alight 19:27, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, a very significant image. Successfully encapsulates the feeling of despair defined by an entire chapter of American history. --Deglr6328 07:02, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. -- AllyUnion (talk) 09:51, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. --Fir0002 00:36, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support --Thomas G Graf 18:42, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support →mathx314(talk)(email) 00:42, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Janderk 10:42, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. This beautiful image has become the symbol of its time. CryptoStorm 23:50, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Thue | talk 13:55, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Theaterfreak64 01:54, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Promoted, overwhelming support BrokenSegue 12:45, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Bismarck metropolitan area

Bismarck–Mandan, colloquially referred to as BisMan, is the metropolitan area composed of Burleigh, Morton, and Oliver counties in the state of North Dakota.

Its core cities, Bismarck and Mandan, are located on opposite sides of the upper Missouri River. Lincoln is a suburb located immediately south-east of Bismarck. The 2023 population of the MSA was estimated at 135,786. The area grew considerably with the addition of Oliver and Sioux counties in 2013. However, with relatively sparse populations, the addition of Oliver and Sioux counties only added approximately 6,300 people to the metropolitan population, many of whom were later excluded when Sioux county was removed in 2018. The 2020 Bismarck–Mandan–Lincoln urban population is estimated at 98,198.

Counties
In 2013, the Office of Management and Budget revised the definitions of metropolitan statistical areas; the Bismarck–Mandan MSA was enlarged by the inclusion of Oliver and Sioux counties from that year. In 2018, the same office removed Sioux county from the MSA.

 * Burleigh County (100,012)
 * Morton County (33,895)
 * Oliver County (1,879)

Core cities

 * Bismarck (74,445)
 * Mandan (22,519)
 * Lincoln (4,358)

Other cities and towns

 * Almont
 * Baldwin
 * Breien
 * Center
 * Driscoll
 * Fallon
 * Flasher
 * Fort Rice
 * Glen Ullin
 * Hannover
 * Harmon
 * Hebron
 * Hensler
 * Huff
 * Lincoln
 * McKenzie
 * Menoken
 * Moffit
 * New Salem
 * Regan
 * Saint Anthony
 * Sanger
 * Sims
 * Sterling
 * Wilton
 * Wing

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 100,828 people, 45,751 households, and 29,620 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 95.24% White, 0.23% African American, 3.04% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.67% of the population.

The median income for a household in the MSA was $39,169, and the median income for a family was $48,339. Males had a median income of $32,726 versus $21,364 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $18,819.

title: Bismarck metropolitan area


text:
Yellow-bellied elaenia

The yellow-bellied elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster) is a small bird of the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds from southern Mexico and the Yucatán Peninsula through Central and South America as far as northern Argentina, and on Trinidad and Tobago.

Description
Adults are 16.5 cm long and weigh 24 g. They have olive-brown upperparts, a white eye ring, a bushy divided crest and a white crown patch in the parting. The throat is pale and the breast greyish, with pale yellow lower underparts. The call is a nasal breeer, and the song is a wheezing zhu-zhee-zhu-zhee.

Subspecies
Four subspecies are recognized:
 * Elaenia flavogaster subpagana – Sclater, PL, 1860 : found from southeastern Mexico to Costa Rica and on Coiba Island, Panama
 * Elaenia flavogaster pallididorsalis – Aldrich, 1937 : found in Panama
 * Elaenia flavogaster flavogaster – (Thunberg, 1822) : nominate, found in Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, and the southern Lesser Antilles, the Guianas, Brazil except western and central Amazonas, southeastern Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina
 * Elaenia flavogaster semipagana – Sclater, PL, 1862 : found in southwestern Colombia, western and southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru

Habitat
This is a common bird in semi-open woodland, scrub, gardens and cultivation. The yellow-bellied elaenia is a noisy and conspicuous bird which feeds on berries and insects. The latter are usually caught from mid-air after the bird sallies from a perch, and sometimes picked up from plants. The species will also join mixed-species feeding flocks on occasion, typically staying quite some distance up in the trees.

It makes a cup nest and lays two cream eggs with reddish blotches at the larger end. The female incubates for 16 days, with about the same period to fledging. Omnivorous mammals as small as the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) will eagerly plunder yellow-bellied elaenia nests in the undergrowth—perhaps more often during the dry season when fruits are scarce—despite the birds' attempts to defend their offspring.

Conservation status
The yellow-bellied elaenia is a common and wide-ranging bird, not considered threatened by the IUCN.

title: Yellow-bellied elaenia


text:
Greenskeepers

Greenskeepers are an indie rock/new wave band from Chicago. Their song "Lotion" is a tribute to the character Buffalo Bill, the fictional serial killer featured in the 1991 film The Silence of the Lambs. "Lotion" also came in at #90 in the 2004 Triple J Hottest 100. Their track "Low & Sweet" was listed in British DJ John Peel's 2001 Festive Fifty. Their song "Vagabond" has been featured in the popular video game Grand Theft Auto IV on the in-game radio station "Radio Broker".

Biography
Greenskeepers was founded in 1999 by childhood friends James Curd and Nick Maurer. Their first release was "Whats Your Man Got To Do With Gan" on Classic Records. The standout song on the EP was "Low and Sweet", which was voted into the 2001 Festive Fifty at #24 by listeners of the British DJ John Peel.

In early 2001 Maurer and Curd went in the studio together to record the single "Should I Sing Like This?", which became an international club hit. After its success, Maurer moved to Germany and Curd collaborated with many other artists who shared his love of electronic music. This included keyboardist/producer Mark Share, who had three of his songs featured on the Greenskeepers' debut album, The Ziggy Franklin Radio Show. Maurer became a full member in 2004 and Mark Share brought his bassist and lifelong friend Coban Rudish on board. The four went in the studio to work on their second album Pleetch, recorded at Studio 11 and released by Classic records in the U.K and Om Records in the United States. It featured guest vocalists and included Maurer on two of the songs that he created with the new band on a week long studio trip to his native Chicago. Pleetch was well-received across the music world.

They performed Scotland and Jerusalem and Los Angeles as a three piece band during 2004. Maurer then moved back to Chicago to rejoin the Greenskeepers and debuted the full four-piece band at a Miami music conference in 2005. Billboard called it the standout performance of the conference.

The Greenskeepers then began working in the studio again, resulting in the two-disc album Polo Club, released on Om Records. The album met with enthusiastic reviews and full marks in magazines around the world. Their version of a Huey Lewis and the News hit song, "I Want A New Drug," which pays overt homage to Nine Inch Nails' song "Closer", was featured in the film What Happens in Vegas. The band began touring again at Park life in Australia, T In the Park in Scotland, Fabric in London, Avalon in Los Angeles, Electric Daisy in Ireland and SXSW in Austin, TX.

Beginning in 2008, the Greenskeepers name was used to represent Curd as a solo artist and his collaborations with other musicians.

Their song "Live Like You Wanna Live" is used in the soundtrack to the video game Need For Speed: Hot Pursuit.

Members

 * James Curd - Electro-percussionist
 * Nick Maurer - Vocalist
 * Coban Rudish - Bassist
 * Mark Share - Keyboards

title: Greenskeepers


text:
Albert A. Boyajian

Albert A. Boyajian (Ալբերտ Բոյաջյան, born June 4, 1940, Aleppo, Syria) is an American business leader, activist for Armenian causes and philanthropist.

He is the founder and chairman of the Armenian American Political Action Committee (A.A.P.A.C.), which promotes Armenian issues in Washington D.C. concerning free trade, social financial, cultural activities, and cooperation between Armenia and the United States government.

Biography
In 1968, he graduated from the University of Paris with a degree in Modern French Literature and then emigrated to the United States.

In 1978, he established the Global Bakeries, Inc. in the production & supply of food product, and has become a national and international enterprise and he currently serves as president and CEO.

In 1984, he established the first Armenian Youth Association Boy Scouts of America Pack.

In 1993, he founded the Boyajian Youth Center in Pasadena, California, that focuses on social activities and Art Gallery for children in the community.

In 1997, he led a team that secured $9.56 million University endowment from United States Government and he established an educational endowment fund for Pepperdine University.

In 2011, he was honored with the Armenian National Assembly Order of Honor for many years of charity work.

He has donated over $1 million to Armenia Fund, Inc. and was awarded the Republican Senatorial Medal of Freedom.

He is the co-founder of Pan Armenian games.

title: Albert A. Boyajian


text:
Fargo Rock City

Fargo Rock City: A Heavy Metal Odyssey in Rural Nörth Daköta is a book written by Chuck Klosterman, first published by Scribner in 2001. It is a history of heavy metal music, with a particular emphasis on the glam metal that flourished during Klosterman's formative years in the mid-to-late 1980s, through its demise in the early 1990s, and potential rebirth in the late 1990s. It was awarded the ASCAP Deems Taylor Award for criticism in 2002.

Summary
Along with analysis and commentary, the book is interspersed with Klosterman's memories of growing up as a heavy metal fan in Wyndmere, North Dakota, and later experiences at the University of North Dakota and in Akron, Ohio. These auto-biographical segments are the main storyline. The subtitle of the book employs metal umlauts over the o's in "North Dakota". Such marks have been used decoratively in the names of many heavy metal bands, such as Mötley Crüe and Motörhead, both of whom are discussed in the book.

The title is a reference to Detroit Rock City.

Film adaptation
A screenplay written by Craig Finn and Tom Ruprecht was finished in 2009.

"We’d get together every day at noon and write till six. We had one computer in the room and one notebook, and we’d alternate scenes. I’d write a scene on the computer, then he’d look at it and make any changes; meanwhile he’d be writing a scene in the notebook that he’d type up, and I’d look at it, make any changes. We could probably do four scenes a day."

title: Fargo Rock City


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Bees-wings

Bee Wings
A sensational PD image of a bee, showing its wings in prominent focus. As good as or better than [[Media:Bumblebee closeup.jpg|Bumblebee closeup.jpg]] which is currently a featured picture.

 * Nominate and Support --Fir0002 07:51, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Perfect focus on wings. Nice composition and color. Background not distracting. Mgm|(talk) 12:18, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Beautiful. Junes 15:40, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Lovely. Support. Enochlau 02:20, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support -- Chris 73 Talk 13:56, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. While this picture is in focus (always a good thing), this is a nomination for featured picture. For a support, I would want to see the wings presented symmetrically on the bee's body. This is a fine shot to illustrate the article, but not quite enough, IMO, to merit FP. Denni ☯ 01:17, 2005 Feb 8 (UTC)
 * Support. I think the bee is better at a slight angle, actually. I daresay that this picture is the bee's knees. - RedWordSmith 01:36, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose -- The [[Media:Bumblebee closeup.jpg|Bumblebee closeup.jpg]] shot is far superior. The bee is in a better context (i.e. discrete from its background) and in better overall focus. Alight 12:37, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You should vote on whether this one is an adequate FP, not whether another one is better. Mgm|(talk) 11:24, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, I will. I oppose this on the grounds that the bee is not discrete from its background and the overall focus is poor. Alight 02:33, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Janderk 10:43, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. It's way more clear than the dark bee photo with no contrast. It should replace it. We don't need 2 bee photos. --Menchi 20:58, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, I don't like this cropping from the original. It makes it look like the bottom right corner has been torn off - Bevo 02:08, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I like the backlighting that brings out the beautiful detail of the wings. Pollinator 06:06, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose -- Longhair 09:02, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * supportDunc|☺ 20:14, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support/-LtNOWIS 03:59, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose BrokenSegue
 * Not Promoted, very close, +10/-6/0  BrokenSegue 18:05, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject South Africa

Wikimedia ZA Annual General Meeting 2017
This is just to let everyone know that the Wikimedia ZA AGM will be taking place in November 2017 in Cape Town. See below for more details.

 * Time: Sunday, 26 November 2017, starts at 14:00 to 17:00
 * Location: 6 Spin Street Restaurant (in the Tutu room at the back), ground floor, 6 Spin Street, in the Cape Town city bowl area.

If you would like to attend digitally we will be broadcasting the event over Google Hangouts, to join click on the link here.

The event page can be found on the Wikimedia ZA website here.

The AGM is open to all South African based Wikipedia and other Wikimeddia project editors. Membership is required to vote on resolutions but not required to attend. People are able to sign up as members at the AGM or they can signup before hand at the details on the Wikimedia ZA website.

5th Meetup
Everyone is warmly invited to attend the 5th South African online discussion held on Zulip.

Date and time

 * Date: Saturday, 26 September 2020
 * Start time: 10:00 AM SAST
 * End Time: 12:00 PM SAST
 * Location: Online Meeting
 * Platform: Zulip (text chat)
 * Server: Wikimedia ZA (note: registration is necessary)

Join the Months of African Cinema Global Contest!
Ýou can opt-out of this annual reminder from The Afrocine Project by removing your username from this list

Wikimedia ZA Annual General Meeting 2021
This is just to let everyone know that the Wikimedia ZA AGM will be taking place on 25 September 2021. See below for more details.

 * Time: Saturday, 25 September 2021, starts at 10:00 to 16:00. With intermission at 13:00
 * Location: held digitally online |at this link

Welcome to the Months of African Cinema Global Contest!
Ýou can opt-out of this annual reminder from The Afrocine Project by removing your username from this list

Wikimedia Foundation banner fundraising campaign in South Africa
Dear all,

I would like to take the opportunity to inform you all  about the upcoming annual Wikimedia Foundation banner fundraising campaign in South Africa.

The fundraising campaign will have two components.

 * 1) We will send emails to people who have previously donated from South Africa. The emails are scheduled to be sent between the 1st to 24th of May.
 * 2) We will run banners for non-logged in users in South Africa on English Wikipedia itself. The banners will run from the 28th of May to the 25th of June.

Prior to this, we are planning to run some tests, so you might see banners for 3-5 hours a couple of times before the campaign starts. This activity will ensure that our technical infrastructure works.

I am also sharing with you a community collaboration page, where we outline more details around the campaign, share some banner examples, and give you space to engage with the fundraising campaign.

We will also be hosting a community call, details are on the collaboration page, to which you can bring your questions and suggestions.

Generally, before and during the campaign, you can contact us:

 * On the talk page of the fundraising team
 * If you need to report a bug or technical issue, please create a phabricator ticket
 * If you see a donor on a talk page, VRT or social media having difficulties in donating, please refer them to donatewikimedia.org

Thanks you and regards, Julia JBrungs (WMF) (talk) 11:01, 23 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Dear all,
 * As mentioned above, the WMF is running its annual banner fundraising campaign for non logged in users in South Africa (on English Wikipedia) from 28th of May to the 25th of June.
 * You can find more information around the campaign, see example banners, and leave any questions or suggestions you might have, on the community collaboration page.
 * Generally, before and during the campaign, you can contact us:
 * On the talk page of the fundraising team
 * If you need to report a bug or technical issue, please create a phabricator ticket
 * If you see a donor on a talk page, VRT or social media having difficulties in donating, please refer them to donatewikimedia.org
 * Thanks you and regards, JBrungs (WMF) (talk) 09:52, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

Barbeque Downs Business Park
Hi, I have been looking at Barbeque Downs Business Park which is currently a page with no refs. Is it a different place to Barbeque Downs or could they be merged? Would someone be able to improve it if not? Thanks. JMWt (talk) 07:40, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Merge - Well, I clicked on each of the two infobox co-ordinates and I noticed that the Jukskei River separates both. According those co-ordinates, Barbeque Downs Business Park is north of the river while Barbeque Downs is south of it. But I am not convinced that they are meant to be two separate areas; I believe that both sides of the river are one place.
 * Another thing I have noticed: when we click the citation in the Barbeque Downs article (census2011), the area shaded is north of the river and is referred to as "Barbeque Downs" while the area south of the river is referred to as "Barbeque AH" (https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/798004030), which does not match what I stated in the previous paragraph. So, despite the co-ordinates in the Barbeque Downs infobox pointing to south of the river, the "citation used" is pointing to north of the river, which is contradictory. So, the "co-ordinates" and "citation used" in the Barbeque Downs article are not a match.
 * GeographicAccountant (talk) 12:05, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

Advice needed at Mfecane page
Hello everyone! I've been preparing for a re-write of the Mfecane article and would really appreciate some feedback at the talk page. Thanks in advance! Pliny the Elderberry (talk) 18:50, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

Wikimedia ZA Future Workshop Trainers needed
If you are a qualifying Wiki Coach and want to join or run a future workshop then please let WMZA know by contacting herschal.jackson@undefinedwikimedia.org.za Herschal Jackson (WMZA) (talk) 13:44, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

Developing Countries WikiContest
Starting this July, we will see a new contest on the scene - the Developing Countries WikiContest (WP:DCWC)! Think of it as a WikiCup but only for articles and media on developing countries.

Competitors may submit GAs, GTs, FAs, FTs, FLs, FPs, and DYK and ITN entries from/on developing countries to gain points and proceed to further rounds. Points are also awarded to those who review GAs, FAs and FLs.

South Africa is listed as a developing country for the purposes of this contest, so articles related to it are eligible to be submitted for points. I encourage everyone here to sign up and compete with editors from around the world to create high-quality content!

Append your name to the DCWC signup page today!

Best wishes, Wilhelm Tell DCCXLVI ( talk to me!/my edits ) 11:09, 19 May 2024 (UTC)

Talk:Israel has an RfC on the topic: mention apartheid in the lead?
Talk:Israel has an RfC regarding apartheid. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments on the discussion page. Thank you.  starship .paint  (RUN) 05:03, 2 June 2024 (UTC)

WikiProject Africa/The 10,000 Challenge
Would love to see more editors participating in this challenge and seeing more entries coming in from South Africa on a diversity of topics! ♦ Dr. Blofeld  14:37, 18 June 2024 (UTC)

Requested move at Talk:BRICS
There is a requested move discussion at Talk:BRICS that may be of interest to members of this WikiProject. RodRabelo7 (talk) 00:35, 24 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject South Africa


text:
Andalusi nubah

Andalusī nūbah (نوبة أندلسيّة), also transliterated nūba, nūbā, or nouba (pl. nūbāt), or in its classical Arabic form, nawba, nawbah, or nōbah, is a music genre found in the North African Maghrib states of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya but, as the name indicates, it has its origins in Andalusi music. The name replaced the older use of sawt and originated from the musician waiting behind a curtain to be told it was his turn or nawbah by the sattar or curtain man.

The North African cities have inherited a particularly Andalusian musical style of Granada. The term gharnati (Granadan) in Morocco designates a distinct musical style from "Tarab Al Ala" originating in Córdoba and Valencia, according to the authors Rachid Aous and Mohammed Habib Samrakandi in the latter's book Musiques d'Algérie.

Form, texts, and performance
According to tradition, there were initially 24 nubat, one for each hour of the day. Each nuba must have a duration of 1 hour.

Lyrics are sung by a soloist or in unison by a chorus, and are chosen from the muwashshah or zajal poetic forms, which are in classical and colloquial Arabic, respectively.

An andalusi nubah uses one tab' (similar to a maqam, or mode) per performance, and includes several instrumental pieces as well as predominantly vocal pieces accompanied by instrumentation. These differ as to mizan (pl. mawazin) or rhythmic pattern (wazn, pl. awzan).

Formally the tempo increases while the awzan simply within each of five sections, called mawazin. The sections are introduced by short instrumental pieces and vary according to region, the name of a section indicating the wazn used:
 * in Algeria (12 nubah and 4 incomplete): msaddar, btayhi, darj, insiraf, khlas
 * in Tunisia (13 nubah): btaybhi, barwal, darj, khafif, khatm
 * in Morocco (11 nubah): basit, qayim wa-nisf, btayhi, darj, quddam

The instrumental ensemble used includes the ud, rabab, Maghreb rebab or rebec, nay, qanun, tambourine, and a goblet drum called darbuka. The instrumentalists also serve as chorus.

Tunisia
In Tunisia, the 13 nubat are traditionally said to have been classified and organized by the 18th-century aristocratic amateur Muhammad al-Rashid Bey, who died in 1759. He is also credited with the composition or commissioning of the 27 instrumental pieces (bashrafs, etc.) that introduce and separate the main vocal pieces in the nuba cycle. In this system, the 13 nubat are treated as a single overarching cycle, given a sequence in which, ideally, they should be performed.

Morocco
The nubat of Morocco were collected and classified toward the end of the 18th century by the musician Al Haïk from Tetuan.

Unlike the nubat from Algeria or Tunisia, Moroccan nubat are long, so it is rare for a Moroccan nuba to be played in its entirety.

Discography

 * Anthologie Al-âla: musique andaluci-marocaine. 12 vols.
 * Vol. 1: Nûbâ gharîbat al-husayn, version intégrale. Orchestre al-Brihi de Fès; Haj Abdelkrim al-Raïs, dir. 6-CD set. Auvidis W 260010. [Rabat]: Wizarat al-Thaqafah al-Maghribiyah = Royaume du Maroc Ministère de la Culture; Paris: Maison du cultures du monde / INEDIT, 1989.
 * Vol. 2: Nûbâ al-'ushshâq, version intégrale. Orchestre Moulay Ahmed Loukili de Rabat; Haj Mohammed Toud, dir. 6-CD set. Auvidis W 260014. [Rabat]: Wizarat al-Thaqafah al-Maghribiyah = Royaume du Maroc Ministère de la Culture; Paris: Maison du cultures du monde / INEDIT, 1990.
 * Vol. 3: Nûbâ al-isbihân, version intégrale. Orchestre du Conservatoire se Tétouan; Mohammed Larbi Temsamani, dir. 6-CD set. Auvidis W 260024. [Rabat]: Wizarat al-Thaqafah al-Maghribiyah = Royaume du Maroc Ministère de la Culture; Paris: Maison du cultures du monde / INEDIT, 1993.
 * Vol. 4: Nûbâ al-rasd, version intégrale. Orchestre de Tangier; Ahmed Zaytouni Sahraoui, dir. 6-CD set. Auvidis W 260027. [Rabat]: Wizarat al-Thaqafah al-Maghribiyah = Royaume du Maroc Ministère de la Culture; Paris: Maison du cultures du monde / INEDIT, 1995.
 * Vol. 5: Nûbâ al-îstihlâl, version intégrale / durée 7 h 40. Orchestre al-Brihi de Fès; Haj Abdelkrim al-Raïs, dir. 7-CD set. Auvidis W 260028. [Rabat]: Wizarat al-Thaqafah al-Maghribiyah = Royaume du Maroc Ministère de la Culture; Paris: Maison du cultures du monde / INEDIT, 1994.
 * Vol. 6: Nûbâ rasd al-dhil, version intégrale / durée 6 h 10. Orchestre Moulay Ahmed Loukili de Rabat; Haj Mohammed Toud, dir. 6-CD set. Auvidis W 260029. [Rabat]: Wizarat al-Thaqafah al-Maghribiyah = Royaume du Maroc Ministère de la Culture; Paris: Maison du cultures du monde / INEDIT, 1996.
 * Vol. 7: Nûbâ 'irâq al-'ajam, version intégrale. Orchestre de Tanger; Ahmed Zaytouni Sahraoui, dir. 7-CD set. Auvidis W 260030. [Rabat]: Wizarat al-Thaqafah al-Maghribiyah = Royaume du Maroc Ministère de la Culture; Paris: Maison du cultures du monde / INEDIT, 1996.
 * Vol. 8: Nûbâ al-hijâz al-kebîr, version intégrale / durée 7 h 30. Orchestre al-Brihi de Fès; Haj Abdelkrim al-Raïs, dir. 7-CD set. Auvidis W 260031. [Rabat]: Wizarat al-Thaqafah al-Maghribiyah = Royaume du Maroc Ministère de la Culture; Paris: Maison du cultures du monde / INEDIT, 1997.
 * Vol. 9: Nûbâ ramal al-mâya, version intégrale. Orchestre du Conservatoire de Tétouan; Mohammed Larbi Temsamani, dir. 8-CD set. Auvidis W 260032. [Rabat]: Wizarat al-Thaqafah al-Maghribiyah = Royaume du Maroc Ministère de la Culture; Paris: Maison du cultures du monde / INEDIT, 1997.
 * Vol. 10: Nûbâ al-hijâz al-msharqî, version intégrale. Orchestre al-Brihi de Fès; Haj Abdelkrim al-Raïs, dir. 7-CD set. Auvidis W 260033. [Rabat]: Wizarat al-Thaqafah al-Maghribiyah = Royaume du Maroc Ministère de la Culture; Paris: Maison du cultures du monde / INEDIT, 1998.
 * Vol. 11: Nûbâ al-mâya, version intégrale. Orchestre de Tanger; Ahmed Zaytouni Sahraoui, dir. 7-CD set. Auvidis W 260034. [Rabat]: Wizarat al-Thaqafah al-Maghribiyah = Royaume du Maroc Ministère de la Culture; Paris: Maison du cultures du monde / INEDIT, 1998.
 * Vol. 12: Les deux dernièrs quddâm. Ensemble Al-Âla; Mohammed Briouel, dir. 2-CD set. Auvidis W 260035. [Rabat]: Wizarat al-Thaqafah al-Maghribiyah = Royaume du Maroc Ministère de la Culture; Paris: Maison du cultures du monde / INEDIT, 1999.
 * Maroc: Musique classique Andalou-Maghrébine. Nûba al-Hijâz al-Kabîr; Nûba al-'istihlâl. Orchestre de Fez; Haj Abdelkrim al-Raïs, dir. Collection dirigée par Pierre Toureille. Recorded 29 March 1984 at Studio 105, Radio France, Paris. 1-CD. Ocora C559016. Paris: Radio France; Harmonia Mundi, 1987.
 * Música Andalusi, Escuela de Rabat, Orquesta de la Radio Televisión de Marruecos, Mûlây Ahmed Lúkílí, Msháliyya l-Kbíra, recorded in 1962, Btáyhi r-Rásd, recorded in 1958. Madrid: Pneuma, 1998.
 * Música Andalusi, Escuela de Tetuán-Tánger, Orquesta del Conservatorio de Tetúan, Mohammed Ben Arbi Temsamani, Qá'im Wa Nisf Al Istihlál, recorded in 1960. Madrid: Pneuma, 1999.
 * Música Andalusi, Escuela de Fez, Orquesta Brihi, Haj Abdelkrim al-Raïs, Qyddám Al-Máya, Cantor Muhammed Jsásí. Madrid: Pneuma, 2000.
 * Musique arabo-andalouse classique. Nouba Hijaz M'Charqi; Nouba Raml al Mâya. Mahammed Al Moussadir (melismatic chant); Ahmed Chikhi (voice and oud); Mustapha Amri (oud and alto kamanja); Mohammed Diouri (swissèn); Hadj Mohammed Lahlou (tar); Hadj Ustad Mohammed Masano Tazzi (rebab), dir. Recorded June 1987 at Hay al Amal, Fez, Marocco. 1-CD. Le Chant du Monde CMT 274 1007. [Paris]: Le Cant du Monde, 1995.
 * Nawba hijaz la-msharqi. Françoise Atlan (soprano), Abdelfettah Bennis (tenor), Noureddine Tahri (tenor); Abdelkrim Raïs Andalusian Orchestra of Fès; Mohammed Briouel, dir. Recorded 18 October 1998, in the Mnehbi Palace, in the Medina at Fès, Morocco. 1-CD. Erato 3984-25499-2.Paris: Erato Disques, S. A., 1999.

title: Andalusi nubah


text:
Exponential Technology

Exponential Technology was a vendor of PowerPC microprocessors. The company was founded by George Taylor and Jim Blomgren in 1993. The company's plan was to use BiCMOS technology to produce very fast processors for the Apple Computer market. Logic used 3-level ECL circuits (single-ended for control logic, and differential for datapaths) while RAM structures used CMOS. The company was originally named Renaissance Microsystems. Rick Shriner was the CEO. Their chips were manufactured by Hitachi.

Their product, the Exponential X704, was advertised to run at 533 MHz, but the first version of the device only ran at about 400 MHz, still significantly faster than the 233 MHz PowerPC 604e used in Macintosh computers at the time. This lower frequency along with small level-one caches, produced systems which had good but not stellar performance. This allowed Motorola (Apple's traditional processor vendor), to convince the computer maker that Motorola's future roadmap would produce processors with similar performance, hence making it less attractive for Apple to rely on the small startup company for critical technology.

Due to Apple's financial problems at the time, Exponential starting marketing the device to Apple Macintosh clone makers such as Power Computing and UMAX.

In order to diversify into other markets, a second design team was started under Paul Nixon in Austin, TX to build a BiCMOS Intel x86 processor.

Due to Apple's decision to close off the Macintosh clone market, Exponential ran out of possible customers for their chips. The company closed in 1997, though the Texas design team run by Paul Nixon continued on as EVSX. EVSX changed its name to Intrinsity, Inc. in 2000 and was purchased by Apple in 2010.

title: Exponential Technology


text:
Talk:Middle Ages in history

 * The Middle Ages in history is an overview of the historiography of the Middles Ages. Historians and propagandists alike have affected how previous generations have imagined, portrayed and interpreted the Middle Ages, starting from the invention of the term "Middle Ages" in the 14th century.  In every century creators and consumers of the idea have created a range of visions: humanists, antiquarians, historians, the counter-Enlightenment, Romantic nationalism— the conflicted seeming realities of these images remain with us today in the form of film, architecture, literature, art and the folk history ofpopular culture.

Rewrote the opening. More simple and direct for the general audience for an opening. --Stbalbach 08:07, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Middle Ages in history


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lotion (song)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 19:16, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)

Lotion (song)
This was improperly and not completely posted to VfD. I'm finishing the process. No vote. —Mar·ka·ci: 2005-02-13 17:18 Z
 * Delete The author obviously knows that this song is not notable and (s)he tries to argue that it is, simply because it refers to one scene in a film. I'm a real inclusionist but this is just silly.Zantastik 08:13, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 *  Delete -what rubbish - what a waste of 30 seconds reading it. Time for a beer! Brookie 19:15, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 23:43, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete it. Wyss 01:20, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The song would have been notable had The Silence of the Lambs paid homage to it, not the other way around. Delete. Uncle G 08:46, 2005 Feb 14 (UTC)
 * I have heard this song on Triple J where it made the Hottest 100 for 2004 - no record of it charting. Our article on The Greenskeepers needs attention so merge and redirect to the Greenskeepers. The album was Pleetch but we don't have an article for that yet. Capitalistroadster 11:08, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete very not notable. Simon 18:19, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Belweder

Untitled
Would it be possible to get an illustration for this article?

World War II
Was this building not damaged during World War II? Meursault2004 (talk) 01:06, 24 March 2008 (UTC) NO! Titus Atomicus (talk) 20:20, 11 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Belweder