text:
Talk:Paulo Portas

GALP Petrol station
Can someone provide facts/proof on this statement: "He used to frequently visit the café toilets at Oeiras Galp petrol station for undetermined activities."

Sourced material keeps disappearing because IP from Economy Ministry keeps deleting it
An IP from the Ministry of Economy keeps erasing the reference for the long-time political collaboration between Paulo Portas and Adolfo Mesquita Nunes. This is preposterous since this material is presented with links, as well as all the news relating to Paulo Portas scandals, public address and encased with lots of news articles. The fact that someone at a Portuguese Ministry keeps effacing and signs of critic in Wikipedia show something very close to a North Korea than to a Western European Country. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.152.69.49 (talk) 21:32, 25 February 2014 (UTC)

and even worse, we are paying for it! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.28.190.206 (talk) 12:38, 11 April 2014 (UTC)

Untitled

 * I've put a redirect in PPD (Democratic_Popular_Party) to PSD (Social_Democratic_Party_%28Portugal%29) but now this page has a duplicate link. Should I remove the PPD link and just leave the PSD one?Serodio 21:32, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Paulo Portas


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title: Template:Johor


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Parvin E'tesami

Rakhshandeh E'tesami (, Raḵšanda Eʿteṣāmī; March 17, 1907 – April 4, 1941), better known as Parvin E'tesami, was an Iranian 20th-century Persian poet.

Life
Parvin E'tesami was born on March 17, 1907 in Tabriz to parent, Mirza Yussef E'tesami Ashtiani (E'tesam-al-Molk). Her paternal grandfather was Mirza Ebrahim Khan Mostawfi Etesam-al-Molk. Her grandfather Mirza Ebrahim Khan Mostawfi Etesam-al-Molk was originally from Ashtiyan, but moved to Tabriz and was appointed financial controller of the province of Azerbaijan by the Qajar administration.

E'tesami had four brothers, her mother died in 1973. Her family moved to Tehran early in her life, and in addition to the formal schooling, she obtained a solid understanding of Arabic and classical Persian literature from her father. At the age of 8 she started writing poems.

She studied at the Iran Bethel School in Tehran, an American high school for girls where she graduated in 1924. Afterwards, she taught for a while at that school. For her graduation she wrote the poem, A Twig of a Wish (1924) about the struggles facing Iranian women, their lack of opportunities and the need for their education.

In 1926, she received an invitation to become the tutor of the queen of the new Pahlavi court, but she refused.

On July 10, 1934, she was married to a cousin of her father, Fazlollah E'tesami, and they moved to the city of Kermanshah. But the marriage only lasted for ten weeks and they separated due to differences of interests and personality and she returned to Tehran.

She was a member of the Kanoun-e-Banovan and supported the Kashf-e hijab reform against compulsory hijab (veiling).

In 1936, E'tesami was awarded by Reza Shah Pahlavi the third-degree Iran Medal of Art and Culture, but she declined.

In 1938–39 she worked for several months at the library of Danesh-Saraay-e 'Aali, (currently known as Tarbiat Moallem University) of Tehran.

Her father died in 1938, and she died only three years later of typhoid fever. She was buried near her father in Qom, near the Masumeh shrine.

Parvin E'tesami's house became an Iranian national heritage site on October 19, 2006.

Work
E'tesami was around seven or eight years old when her poetic ability was revealed. Through her father's encouragement, she versified some literary pieces which were translated from western sources by her father. In 1921 to 1922, some of her earliest known poems were published in the Persian magazine Bahar (Spring). The first edition of her Diwan (book of poetry) consisted of 156 poems and appeared in 1935. The poet and scholar Mohammad Taqi Bahar wrote an introduction to her work. The second edition of her book, edited by her brother Abu'l Fatha E'tesami, appeared shortly after her death in 1941. It consisted of 209 different compositions in Mathnawi, Qasida, Ghazal, and Qet'a (another form of Persian poetry), and stanzaic forms. It totaled 5606 distiches.

The poems "Gem and Stone", "Oh Bird", "Orphan's Tears", "Desired Child", "Our Lightning is the Oppression of Richness", "Effort and Action", and "Sorrow of Poverty" are among the most well-known poems she penned at a young age.

In her short life, she managed to achieve great fame amongst her fellow Iranians. E'tesami's poetry follows the classical Persian tradition, its form and its substance. She remained unaffected by or perhaps ignored the modernistic trends in Persian poetry. In the arrangement of her poetry book, there are approximately 42 untitled Qasidas and Qet'as. These works follower a didactic and philosophical styles of Sanai and Naser Khusraw. Several other Qasidas, particularly in the description of nature, show influences from the poet Manuchehri. There are also some Ghazals in her Diwan.

According to Professor Heshmat Moayyad, her Safar-e ashk (Journey of a tear) counts among the finest lyrics ever written in Persian.

Another form of poetry, the monazara (debate), claims the largest portions of E'tesami's Divan. She composed approximately sixty-five poems in the style of monazara and seventy-five anecdotes, fables, and allegories. According to Moayyad: "Parvin wrote about men and women of different social backgrounds, a wide-ranging array of animals, birds, flowers, trees, cosmic and natural elements, objects of daily life, abstract concepts, all personified and symbolizing her wealth of ideas. Through these figures she holds up a mirror to others showing them the abuses of society and their failure in moral commitment. Likewise, in these debates she eloquently expresses her basic thoughts about life and death, social justice, ethics, education, and the supreme importance of knowledge".

Parvin E'tesami began writing poetry from a young age; her first published works appeared in the Iranian magazine Baharin the early 1920s, when she was just a teenager. Throughout her life, E`tesami's work was a marriage of the traditional and modern; while her poetic style eschewed the new modernist styles and adhered closely to the forms and structures of classical Persian poetry.

Parvin Etisami Literary Award
Parvin Etisami Literary Award was started in 2003 by the cultural assistant of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, in the Office of Cultural Assemblies and Activities. It is held in different categories of poetry, fiction, dramatic literature, research literature, children's and adolescent poetry, children's and adolescent stories.

Death
On April 4, 1941, Parvin Etesami died. On October 19, 2006, her home was designated as a national historic site in Iran.

title: Parvin E'tesami


text:
Talk:Donald Segretti

Untitled
http://www.counterpunch.org/madsen1101.html

Categories
The misguided alteration of the "Prosecutors" category to "District Attorneys" caused many articles to lose accuracy. This was one of them. Donald Segretti is one of many people who had been a prosecutor but was never a District Attorney. The two are NOT the same and it is unfortunate that the person that butchered that category was ignorant of that basic fact. I have repaired that as relates to this particular article.

Rove
Reverted and placed here to await sourcing.
 * Segretti was a mentor to Karl Rove when the latter was nineteen. nobs 00:18, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1502533,00.html

The Guardian reference is nothing more than opinion piece. This violates Wikipedia policy. During the 1972 presidential election, Karl Rove was president of the College Republicans and worked to get out the vote among young people. He had no contact with Donald Segretti. In fact, all references to Rove and Segretti come from opinion pieces that do not have fact-checking. As proof, CBS news/Dan Rather did a piece on the youth vote that included an interview with Karl Rove, busy in his College Republicans office manning the phones and getting out the vote. All references to Rove being linked to Segretti are nothing but rumor and sloppy journalism. The claim that Rove was a protege of Segretti should be removed from this article.Malke 2010 (talk) 06:02, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

 * http://www.prospect.org/print/V14/2/reich-r.html This is an empty reference.  The link goes nowhere:  PAGE NOT FOUND.Malke 2010 (talk) 06:04, 10 August 2009 (UTC)
 * http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/04123/308586.stm Another fake reference.  Makes absolutely no mention of Segretti.Malke 2010 (talk) 06:06, 10 August 2009 (UTC)
 * and many others, but the Guardian is reputable. Opinion pieces are not "reputable" sources. They're opinion.  The writer is using rumor, not fact.  Malke 2010 (talk) 06:06, 10 August 2009 (UTC)
 * It's also in the Karl Rove wikipedia page, fwiw. Jebba 00:41, 18 July 2005 (UTC) This page is entirely based on false/phony/misleading references, that frequently come up empty.  Again, it is written from a left-wing POV.  Not neutral. Article is biased and not fact based. Malke 2010 (talk) 06:07, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

 * None of it is sourced; particularly the Robert B. Reich article, he seems to be just cut and pasting something from elsewhere. Find a source who can be identified. nobs 00:47, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Not an exact statement on Segretti/Rove, but this John Dean (White House Counsel to Nixon) interview does place Rove as a small-fish Watergate dirty trickster (and Segretti was a big-fish Watergate trickster...): http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2004/03/31/dean/index1.html
 * There is a copy of the Salon article here as well (to avoid passes...): http://www.independent-media.tv/itemprint.cfm?fmedia_id=6694&fcategory_desc=Top%20Stories%20Ignored%20By%20U.S.%20Media
 * Jebba 01:27, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Again, the Salon article does not say what you are claiming. Karl Rove had nothing to do with Segretti, et al.Malke 2010 (talk) 06:09, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

 * It is a very interesting comment on Dean's part; however there is no Segretti-Rove link there, or for that matter a Dean-Rove link (in fact, it could be argued there actually is a denial that Rove worked for any Nixon related entity with this remark:
 * He is way beyond anything Nixon had at his disposal.,
 * obviously stating Nixon did not have him at Nixon's disposal. There may be some merit however, in an unadulterated full citation on either the Rove page or the Dean page.  Unless you got some other ideas.  Thanks. nobs 01:48, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Not to be pedantic, but the "he is way beyond..." quote is a comparison between what Nixon had available to him at the time and what Bush has available to him now. Remember this is a ~20 year old Rove, not the much more experienced trickster that he now is. Anyway, with Dean's quotes I was just trying to place him in the "scene" at the time. A search of the Watergate prosecutor's files for Rove would likely be interesting... I'll bring up Watergate and the Dean quote on the Talk:Karl Rove page--perhaps others know more about this.
 * While it does seem very likely that the "mentor" issue is true, I won't push for it to be on the page until something more solid can be located. I think I've tapped out google (which has hundreds of blog posts about this...). You got Segretti's phone number? ;) Jebba 02:10, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * P.S. Take it from an old time operative, the use of an uncorroborated innuendo (especially from someone who's credibility is questionable, see Wikipedia.org, John Dean, "referred to as "master manipulator of the cover up" by the FBI", et seqt") is in itself a form of ratfucking. nobs 02:01, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Heh. Interesting. I don't doubt Dean has done & is doing his share of ratfucking... Jebba 02:10, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, here's the FBI FOIA Watergate file ; it's probably incomplete case the site says 16,000 pages. I never looked at it, but have been meaning to, maybe this would be a good excuse to parouse the file and get some idea what's there.  nobs 02:18, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Looks like there's only 141 pages online there. The 16,000 pages are probably available only at some library (?) or by special order. Unless someone has gone through the trouble to put them online themselves... thanks :) Jebba 02:29, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * They are avaialable for a fee (Dean did say it was the FBI that asked, so it's not worth pursuing in his Congressional testimony or Special Prosecutor files). I just read the "Dirty Tricks" file, absolutely shocking, they actually manufactured false stories for the press, picketed opponents rallies, and asked embarassing questions.  My God! What is this world coming to!? nobs 02:45, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Donaldsegretti.jpg
Image:Donaldsegretti.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:17, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Disbarment
His law license was supended, but he was never disbarred: http://members.calbar.ca.gov/search/member_detail.aspx?x=39856 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lambejim (talk • contribs) 20:20, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Employment
It may not be significant, but it may want to be made clear that Segretti's original work, as employed by Chapin, was done for the White House and not for CRP. The only source I have to back this up right now is Jeb Magruder's autobiography, "An American Life". 129.62.81.241 (talk) 06:23, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Activities -- Canuck Letter
The article states in the first paragraph that Segretti wrote the "Canuck Letter" that effectively derailed Muskie's presidential bid. But in Woodwood & Bernstein's "All the President's Men", as far as I can recall, White House aide Ken Clawson claimed credit for writing the letter, and I don't recall there ever being a suggestion that Segretti was involved. I could be wrong. Can anyone clarify this with new information? If not, then the statement should probably be cut from the article.121.214.47.47 (talk) 09:34, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

I see that someone has very promptly supplied a reference. Thanks. I'm not familiar with the work cited, but I guess there must have been lots of studies done since "All the President's Men" was published. 121.214.47.47 (talk) 09:05, 13 June 2011 (UTC)
 * No problem, and thanks again for bringing it to BLPN. Roscelese (talk ⋅ contribs) 18:28, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

Other Activities section
First sentence under this section is not an activity but media depicting an event. Also it is unclear if the actor playing Segretti or if the character in the film was the one who "downplayed the dirty tricks..." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.32.23.63 (talk) 20:29, 16 July 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donald Segretti


text:
User talk:Rjecina/Archive 1

Well you're welcome to fix mistakes, but I don't think anyone is ignoring Mystras or Trebizond. I don't know where you are from, but in the English-speaking world, 1453 is the conventional date for the end of the Empire. Without Constantinople it is obvious that Trebizond, Mystras, and any other territories were not going to survive much longer, even if they themselves were not conquered in 1453. Adam Bishop 16:20, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for editing John VII and Thomas and Demetrius. There is one more change needed in John VII. Byzantium has received all "city" on sea between Gallipoli and Constantinople + Thessalonica latter ( don't know name of that sea on English ). Ulmost all has been lost latter in war of John VIII against Turks. I like hardfacts. My thinking is that historian need to write what really happened not what they think. Good example for that is roman emperor Marcus Aurelius which is considered good emperor. Before him Roman peace has lasted more of 25 years, but all his rule has been war. In his reign first time after 250 years barbarian soldiers has entered Italy, and he is looking in normal historian standard good emperor !!!! One historian has writen in VI century that Romulus Augustus has not been last "Roman emperor" ( because in west de facto that has been Julius Nepos ) but his name is too good. My help to you Tiberius II : if I not making mistake he is crowned buy Justin II with support of Justin II wife Sofia. Constantine IV is crowned with brothers on people demand because if in Bible if holly trinity then is need for that in reality ?? Crazy but truth.

I reverted it because I understood the old version and but had trouble understanding the new version. Sorry. Everyking 14:35, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Valerian
Dear Rjecina, In response to your query the deleted sentence is in poor English: "It has been destroyed because of peace making process only after Roman Empire crushing victory against Persia in AD 628". Also, the victory over Persia in 628 was, more accurately, Byzantine.

Following up your point on dating I am relying on the article Byzantine Empire. --Ian Pitchford 17:52, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

List of rulers of Croatia
Hi Rjecina! I see you removed the Croatian Banovina (1939-1941) and Ivan Subasic as ban when you added NDH as kingdom. Thus, no rulers are listed between 1939-41. Why? Hvala. --Koppany 18:59, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

 * You are partly right. The map on my userpage represents the personal union of Croatia-Slavonia and Hungary under the Crown of St. Stephen according to Pacta Conventa. Nevertheless, the lands of the St. Stephen Crown contain also Bosnia, Dalmatia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Wallachia etc. Maybe I will rename the map on my userpage Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom. --Koppany 19:08, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Morean brothers
Please keep the old article for one of those brothers. We should thus save at least some resemblance of edit history. Arrigo 16:34, 2 September 2005 (UTC) - We made a shuffle, according to my wishes. These guys are now in places where they reasonably can continue to be. Shortly what to do in future: Demetrius Palaeologus is the address of the final article. There you can continue to edit. Your previous edit for Demetrius' page (I did not want to take your work, i.e to insert it in my name) is saved at Talk:Demetrius Palaeologus and it woould be quite natural that you take it fully to the article itself, insert, and then continue work Arrigo 19:35, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * If you have more despots to add, put them on the list at Mystras. Otherwise, I'm not quite sure what you're asking. Adam Bishop 15:50, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Osman I
I am not sure I understand your suggestion that presence of Osman I in the Byzantine Empire would lead to interpreting the rather complex Ottoman-Byzantine relations as a civil war. The two states had little actual interaction until the fateful alliance of John VI Cantacuzenus and his son-in-law Orhan I against John V Palaeologus. During the struggle Orhan gained a foothold in the Balkans. His successors became competitors in the power struggles of the area.

Osman I was the father of Orhan. He was ruler of Söğüt since 1281 but had sworn loyalty to Kay Khusrau III, Sultan of Rüm (reigned 1265 - 1282) and his successors. (Söğüt was just east of Nicaea.) He declared himself an independant ruler in 1299 and captured Eskişehir in 1303. Till his death in 1326, Osman was one among many rival Turkish rulers of Anatolia, each trying to establish rival states by warring against each other and preying on the eastern borders of the Byzantine Empire. Byzantine sources of the time reflect little actual knowledge of what was going on and who their raiders actual were. User:Dimadick

Andronicus V
Unfortunetely my books only comment on John VII not having living descedants at the time of his death. No mention is given about any possible descedants who predeceased him. I have never previously heard of "Andronicus V" User:Dimadick

Survey on the use of Latinized/Greek names for Byzantine rulers
Hi. There is a survey on a proposed standard for the names of Byzantine rulers at Talk:Constantine XI. As a contributor to such articles, I think you may be interested to contribute your point of view. Best, Imladjov 01:41, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Aetius
Greetings! You need to list your sources on the claims Aetius was responsible for reactionary attitudes in the Empire, et al. It is so contradictory to the established histories that it needs citing. Thanks! I am in the process of rewriting the article, and don't want to delete anything that can be substantiated by accepted histories and historians. old windy bear 22:34, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Move request for emperors of the Palaeologus/Palaiologos dynasty
Hi. There is a move request for several Palaeologus/Palaiologos dynasty emperors at Talk:List of Byzantine Emperors. I tought you might be interested in.--Panairjdde 22:11, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Byzantine names: suggested moratorium
On Talk:List of Byzantine Emperors I've suggested a limited moratorium because I don't think the current discussion is leading to, or can lead to, consensus. I hope you'll vote, for or against! Best wishes Andrew Dalby 13:24, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Six-Day War
Yes, the article is absurdly unbalanced..but if you addition shall have more than a snowball in hells chance of surviving, then it must be sourced. It isn´t. Some interesting Dayan quotes are here: http://www.ussliberty.org/orenbook.htm I am currently editing them into Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict. Thought of starting on both the Six-Day War and the 1948 Arab-Israeli War (equally bad!) when I have finished that. Regards, Huldra 15:30, 30 September 2006 (UTC)
 * No? (btw; I´ve added a ref. to the Dayan quote ;-) It´s still there! ) Regards, Huldra 09:20, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Croatia
Hi Rjecina! Thanks for your constructive approach. Regarding your comment: If you can find reliable sources that state that there has always a majority of Croatians opposed to NATO membership, you can (and should!) add that in the "debate about membership" section. Note however that NATO never forced Croation government to apply for membership, but invited it to do so. Note also that "propaganda" is a heavily connonated term since WW II, which should be avoided until it is absolutely sure that Croatian government is deliberately misleading public opinion. If you find reliable (preferably academic) sources that prove that this is the case, you can add this. As far as the source tells, Croatian government wants to demonstrate NATO benefits, which isn't the same as misleading or manipulating public opinion. Also, the source never mentioned that NATO forced the Croatian government to start this new strategy. Considering WP:NPOV, WP:NOR and WP:V, we better use neutral terms, supported by facts and sources. I suggest that we expand together the "debate about membership" section about Croatia. :-)Sijo Ripa 10:25, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Hi Rjecina! I've read your example text. I cannot read the second article's language, so I can't judge the quality and the content of that article, but it seems clear to me that NATO membership is currently a controversial issue in Croatia. You can use sourced comments of certain notable parties or movements (such as NGO's) to highlight that the government policy towards NATO is not popular among these groups and a majority of the population. You cannot however use words as propaganda or formulate these comments as truth, as Wikipedia should remain neutral
 * Hi Rjecina! I don't want to be annoying, but the provided sources don't state that (1) support in 2003 was high because of NATO's response to the Kosovo crisis. This can be the case, but the source doesn't say so; and (2) the source doesn't state that support dropped due to the demand for the arrest of the war general. Note also that NATO was only one of the international organizations which demanded the arrest, which is a possible indication that the demand was not a significant or crucial factor in determining NATO support. Also, there doesn't seem to be a page about NATO benefits and I think it's best to avoid such a page, which could be "original research" or "POV" by the nature of the title. Do you mind if I revert your text, or do you prefer that I give you a day to find the sources? Anyway, I think we'll soon come to a very good text about the debate in Croatia. :-) Greetings, Sijo Ripa 21:46, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Hi Rjecina. I edited the part a bit. Also, I personally think that you should avoid the creation of an article about the benefits, as it seems quite clear to me that it will result into a WP:POVFORK (especially because your proposed version of such a page is from from neutral). The debate in Croatia can perfectly be mentioned and expanded in the current NATO article under the "debate about membership" section. Sijo Ripa 02:25, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Razgovor sa suradnikom:Rjecina/NATO propaganda
This page, with the above title, was in article space, not user space. To create a page in user space, start it with User:Rjecina/ (whatever). NawlinWiki 21:22, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

Rijeka terror attack
Thanks for checking out the page on the Rijeka terror attack for me. I tagged it for a Croatian expert because I didn't want to alter the meaning of the article by cleaning up the English. I went ahead and copy edited the page to make it more understandable in English. --Strangerer (Talk) 20:16, 1 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay, I went and cleaned up some more of the English. It was missing a lot of articles like "a" and "the". I also wasn't sure if "parking" meant "parking lot" or "parking garage," so I assumed it meant a parking lot. The meaning of a lot of things wasn't clear, so I'm not sure if I cleaned it up accurately.  Thanks for adding some information to the page.  :) --Strangerer (Talk | Contribs) 08:54, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Six-Day War article
Rjecina,

My issue is not with your opinion about pre-emptive attacks. The problem is that you are not following Wikipedia policy. I'm not going to argue with you about international law; the only law that's at issue here is that of Wikipedia. -- Mwalcoff 05:46, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I will refuse to take the bait and argue with you over international policy. Your edits to Six-Day War violate WP:NPOV and WP:NOS. This is my last note to you on this matter. -- Mwalcoff 22:54, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

3RR
Just to let you know, the 3RR means that an editor will be blocked if they make more then 3 edits in 24 hours. An editor who makes 3 edits in 24 hours has not broken the rule, however such an editor could still be blocked for disruptive editing Nil Einne 00:29, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rjecina/Archive 1


text:
User talk:Sergei Frolov

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! —Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 16:19, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Question
Is that you who moderate the page on calculators? If that be the case I would like to add th link to www.calcme.com in the External link section. This calculator is advanced. It has no "calculate" button and gives results immediately upon input. Not seen such online. Plus it has calculations that are certainly not present in other online resources.

Best regards

Image thumbnails
Hi there. I have reverted you over at Carnival. Specifying the size of a thumb image is not recommended (per Manual of Style). If you would like image thumbnails to display at a larger size for you, you can edit your User Preferences (see Help:Preferences), which will enlarge all thumbnails without interfering with others' preferences. Thank you. — mholland (talk) 09:32, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Pro-Union Rally

The article Pro-Union Rally has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Wikipedia is not a news outlet to present news reports on breaking stories. You may want to consider working with one of our sister projects Wikisource and Wikinews. See WP:NOT

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion.  Cind. amuse  20:41, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

Status and Advice
As reviewing administrator, I deleted the above article rather than keep the redirect to 2011 Wisconsin protests. It's not really a specific term under which anyone would be likely to search. There have been many thousands of pro-union rallies! I urge you instead to contribute to the main article, and of course to related topics. Remember NPOV-- Wikipedia is not for promotion, however worthy the cause, and neutral writing is sufficient to show the merits of a good position. .   DGG ( talk ) 20:57, 15 March 2011 (UTC).

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:50, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sergei Frolov


text:
Pravin Togadia

Pravin Togadia (born 12 December 1956) is an Indian doctor, cancer surgeon and an advocate for Hindu nationalism, coming from the state of Gujarat. He was the former International Working President of the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP) and a cancer surgeon by qualification. He is Founder and Current President of Antarashtriya Hindu Parishad. He had a falling out with the Sangh Parivar and is a vocal critic of Narendra Modi.

Personal life
Togadia (born on 12 December, 1956) in a Gujarati Jain family moved to Ahmedabad at age 10 and joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) soon after. He received a bachelor's degree in medicine (MBBS) followed by a master's degree (MS) in surgical oncology. He practised as a surgeon for fourteen years and established a hospital, Dhanvantri Hospital, in Ahmedabad. He was born in a farmer family and belongs to Patel community.

Activism
Togadia was an RSS swayamsevak in Ahmedabad, and a colleague of Narendra Modi. He was drafted into VHP in 1983 and Modi was drafted into the BJP in 1984. The two remained colleagues during the rise of BJP to power in 1995. When Shankersinh Vaghela fell out with BJP and became a Chief Minister with the help of the Indian National Congress party, he imprisoned Togadia for an alleged assault on BJP politicians. Modi campaigned for his release. Soon afterwards, Togadia was appointed as the General Secretary of the VHP at the national level. However, he continued to be active in Gujarat. Express India credits his legacy in Gujarat for "bearing fruit" in the 2002 Gujarat riots.

When Modi was banished to Delhi by Keshubhai Patel, Togadia provided him support in Gujarat. Modi was eventually installed as the Chief Minister in 2001, with strong support from Togadia. In return for his support, Modi is said to have inducted Gordhan Zadafia, Togadia's "right hand man" in VHP, as the Minister of State for Home. Togadia hailed the Modi Government as the start of the "Hindu Rashtra". In January 2002, he asked Hindus to cut all relations with Muslims. Through Zadafia, Togadia had an inside track into Modi's first government and had a substantial say in the postings of police officers in Gujarat. Some reports say this enabled VHP and Bajrang Dal to orchestrate so-called saffron terror during the 2002 Gujarat riots. But these allegations on Narendra Modi was removed by subsequent courts proceedings. Togadia and VHP/BJP activists also interfered with the treatment of victims in hospitals, telling doctors whom to treat and whom to turn away. Togadia hailed the conduct of the riots as the "Hindutva laboratory" and said that it will be replicated in Delhi. "A Hindu Rashtra can be expected in the next two years... We will change India's history and Pakistan's geography by then," he said. In the December 2002 elections to the Gujarat Assembly, Togadia campaigned for BJP enthusiastically, addressing more than 100 rallies.

After the December 2002 elections, however, Modi dropped Zadafia from his council of ministers, signaling to Togadia that his interference in government would not be welcome. Modi's biographer Andy Marino states that, while Modi took the blame for the 2002 riots, he knew the culpability of Togadia and the VHP. Togadia is reported to have complained after the elections that Modi was garnering all the "credit" for the riots whereas it was his men that did all the killing. During his second term of office, Modi took action against VHP interests and activists, both out of his own initiative as well as due to pressure from the Supreme Court. Togadia in turn ridiculed Modi's efforts to reach out to Muslims through his sadbhavana initiatives. The influence of Togadia and the VHP in Gujarat fell steeply.

Gordhan Zadaphia subsequently floated a new political party, Mahagujarat Janata Party (MJP) during the 2007 assembly elections in Gujarat, later merged into the Gujarat Parivartan Party (GPP) of former chief minister Keshubhai Patel. During the 2012 assembly elections, Togadia and VHP activists campaigned hard for the Gujarat Parivartan Party against the BJP. Despite all efforts, Zadaphia and his whole team lost the 2012 elections. The VHP support for Zadafia ended up strengthening Narendra Modi's anti-hardline Hindutva image.

In October 2003, Ashok Singhal signalled his retirement due to ill health and Togadia was informally appointed as the leader of VHP. The formal appointment as the International Working President (the top executive position) was made in 2011.

Togadia is frequently noted for making inflammatory speeches and holding trishul deeksha (trident distribution) ceremonies for VHP and Bajrang Dal activists. In April 2010, he launched the Hindu Helpline network, which is reported to have grown to 50 cities by August 2014.

Togadia resigned as international working president of the VHP in April 2018, after a candidate he supported lost an internal election to the post of VHP President. He then launched a new organisation, the Antarrashtriya Hindu Parishad, with a stated commitment to an ideology based on Hindu nationalis. According to the Hindustan Times, sources within the Sangh Parivar stated that Togadia's frequent criticism of Modi and of the Modi government had caused people within the Sangh Parivar to agitate for his removal.

In 2017, Togadia established a helpline, with the stated aim of providing free medical consultation to the poor.

Controversies
Togadia was arrested in April 2003 after distributing tridents to Bajrang Dal activists in Ajmer, in a ceremony termed "trishul deeksha," defying a state government ban. He was released on bail on the condition that he would not distribute tridents. However, he continued to distribute them in other states.

As of August 2013, Togadia had faced 19 criminal cases for making hate speeches, the maximum number of such cases for any one in the country. He was arrested in August 2013 from Ayodhya along with other VHP leaders by the Uttar Pradesh Police before the planned 'Chaurasi Kosi Parikrama Yatra' that was banned over fears of communal flareup.

In April 2014, a First Information Report was registered against Togadia in Bhavnagar after an alleged hate speech instructing Hindus to evict Muslims from their neighbourhoods. Since the statements were made in the midst of general elections, when the 'model code of conduct' was in force, the Election Commission directed the district administration to take action. Togadia denied having made such statements and RSS spokesperson Ram Madhav backed him, stating "No swayamsevak thinks on such divisive lines. They think of all people as one. One people, one nation." However, video recordings of his speech were soon aired on television channels. Narendra Modi disapproved the statements on Twitter, calling them "petty statements by those claiming to be BJP's well wishers". In June 2014, a local court ordered the police to submit an 'action taken' report for the case.

title: Pravin Togadia


text:
Battle of Bereza Kartuska

The Battle of Bereza Kartuska was fought between the Second Polish Republic and Soviet Russia around the village Bereza Kartuska (now Byaroza, Belarus) first on 14 February 1919, and again between 21 and 26 July 1920.

The first skirmish of Bereza is considered to be the initial engagement of the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921 by some historians.

History
After German and Polish representatives signed an evacuation agreement on 5 February 1919, the ten battalions of the newly formed Polish Army were to pass through German Oberkommando-Ostfront (Ober-Ost) lines at Wolkowysk to reach the Bolshevik front, where on 12 January 1919, the Soviet Supreme Command ordered a "reconnaissance in depth", codenamed Target Vistula. "It is problematical whether this [Soviet] operation, which bore the code name 'Target Vistula' was intended to bring the Red Army as conquering heroes into Warsaw. Its name suggest so. Yet the extremely tentative phrasing of its directives and the extremely parlous state of the Western Army suggests otherwise."

In February 1919, both Soviet Russia and newly-reborn Poland were in their infancy, and both only months old. On 13 February 1919, at 7 in the morning, 57 Polish soldiers and 5 officers, led by Capt. Mienicki of the Polish Wilno Detachment, made a sortie into the township of Biaroza (Bereza), a small city to the east of Brzesc capturing 80 soldiers of the Red Army.

The second Battle of Bereza Kartuska
One year later, between 21 and 26 July 1920, soldiers of the Polish 14th Infantry Division under General Daniel Konarzewski once again clashed with the Red Army in Bereza Kartuska, soon after the Battle of Warsaw (1920). Poles had retreated from Baranowicze, abandoning German Imperial Army fortifications constructed there during World War I, and took defensive positions along the Jasiołda River. After three days of heavy fighting, the 14th I.D. once again was forced to retreat towards Kobryn, after burning the bridges on the Jasiołda. The town of Bereza Kartuska was retaken by the Polish Army and, at the end of the Polish–Soviet War, ceded to Poland in the Peace of Riga signed by Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus). The peace treaty remained in force until the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939.

title: Battle of Bereza Kartuska


text:
Tig

TIG or Tig or variation, may refer to:

Tig
Tig may refer to:

 * Jimmy Tig (1938–2007), American R&B singer
 * Patricia Maria Țig (born 1994), Romanian tennis player
 * Tig Notaro (born 1971), American stand-up comic
 * Tig Trager, a character in the television series Sons of Anarchy
 * Tig, a character from the short film Woolly and Tig

 * Tig (film), a 2015 documentary about comic Tig Notaro
 * The Tig (website), a website founded by Meghan Markle
 * Tig, another name for the game tag

TIG
TIG may refer to:

 * Change UK or The Independent Group for Change, a former British political party
 * tetanus immune globulin, a medication
 * Tungsten inert gas welding, or gas tungsten arc welding

tig
tig may refer to:

 * Tigre language (ISO 639 code: )
 * tig (software), a browser for git version control

title: Tig


text:
Had

Had or HAD may refer to:
 * had, past tense of the English verb to have; see have (disambiguation)
 * Had, an alternative name for Hadit, the Thelemic version of an Egyptian god
 * Hole accumulation diode, an electronic noise reduction device

See also 'had'-based sentence: James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher.

title: Had


text:
Tracy Nelson

Tracy Nelson may refer to:

 * Tracy Nelson (actress) (born 1963), American actress
 * Tracy Nelson (singer) (born 1944), American singer
 * Tracy Nelson/Mother Earth

title: Tracy Nelson


text:
Talk:Root beer float

Could someone verify that chocolate ice cream foams significantly MORE THAN vanilla. Even with vanilla, the root beer foams enormously...I don't think it's the flavor; it's a root beer trait. Kaz 16:27, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It's the yucca extract specifically added to root beer as a foaming agent.

Rmhermen 22:13, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Black Cow
In New England, or at least Massachusetts, a Black Cow is not a root beer float, but root beer blended with vanilla ice cream.

In Oklahoma a Brown Cow is milk or ice cream blended with Coke, and sometimes chocolate syrup. A black cow is just a cow that is black.

I was actually told that a Black Cow is a root beer float done with chocolate ice cream instead of vanilla. Is this a legitimate application of this term or what? Danarchy 07:43, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

What causes the foam?
do you know why a root beer float foams?
 * It's the yucca extract specifically added to root beer as a foaming agent. Rmhermen 03:48, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think the presence of ice cream also provides more places for bubbles to form from the root beer. --Ihope127 19:31, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's the ice cream. The carbon dioxide won't come out of solution and form bubbles unless "nucleation sites" are present, and the nucleation sites for bubbles are just microscopic bubbles.   Ice cream contains zillions of microscopic bubbles, and these trigger the formation of much larger bubbles when the root beer hits.  Try this:  pour root beer into milk.  Nothing happens (you just get some brown milk.)   But try pouring root beer onto ice cream (or pour it into melted ice cream) and you get a huge explosion of foam.  The tiny bubbles in the ice cream all become inflated with C02 gas.   Also try this:  pour root beer into whipped cream.   Same thing happens: a big explosion of foam as the micro-bubbles in the whipped cream all grow large.   PS, "foaming agent" doesn't cause bubbles to form, instead it's more like an edible detergent which preserves the foam and keeps the bubbles from popping.  --Wjbeaty 01:56, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Brown Cow v. Black Cow
The Cripple Creek story tells us the original root beer float was dubbed a Black Cow, and the Variations section says a Coke float is also called this. So Black means either Coke or root beer. But the first part of the article says Brown Cow also means either Coke or root beer (though this may be a result of confusion between "former" and "latter"). So both names mean either drink, or so the article presently says, in a very confusing way.

This needs to be clearer. Either say either term can refer to either float, or pick one color per soda. In all likelihood, in the same place the two terms mean different things, but from region to region the colors switch meanings. But I've never personally heard either drink referred to as anything other than a float, so I don't think I'm the one to do the clarifying. Someone with personal experience want to give it a go?

In other countries...
Floats are also known as (and perhaps more commonly known as) spiders in Australia. Perhaps there should be some mention of names for floats in other countries. --Colourblind 02:27, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Great minds think alike
I am particularly interested in the origin of "black cow" for a special reason. When I was a kid (in Norway) there was a soft drink called Hires that I don't remember much about but I suppose it must have been green - the back of the label had a recipe for a dessert called Green Horse which was basically an ice cream float made with Hires. Our family became quite fond of the sweet cold dessert, and when Hires got discontinued we tried to find a substitute and ended up using Coke. The first time we had this new mix, my father decided we couldn't call it Green Horse any more, so he came up with a new name. You guessed it - Black Cow. For all these years I have thought he made it up and only we knew about it. Then I came here today and found this article using the term. Either the explanation is in the section heading, or he must have picked it up somewhere, or somehow his invention made it out into the big world...130.67.140.148 18:29, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Variations
I don't know what this variation is called (if anything), but at a party I had a root beer float served with a shot of Bailey's in it. I wonder if this should be mentioned. It was VERY good by the way. :) Danarchy 07:46, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Root beer float


text:
Slayer's Slab

The Slayer's Slab is a title given to a medieval gravestone formerly in the graveyard of Lyminster church in West Sussex, England. It has now been moved inside the church to protect it from weathering. According to legend it is the gravestone of the dragonslayer who killed the Knucker who lived in the nearby knuckerhole. The stone has a cross on it overlaying a herringbone pattern, but no inscription to identify the tomb's occupant.

title: Slayer's Slab


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Freecoolin

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 17:10, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

Freecoolin
Vanity page. Recommend delete. --Milkmandan 16:29, 2005 Feb 21 (UTC)
 * Delete, Not notable. Inter 19:07, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, school vanity. Megan1967 22:39, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- not notable. Longhair 13:56, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
File:Jfader playa.jpg

A closeup photograph of salt growths on the crust of a desert playa lake.

Taken in mid-February 2005 south of Badwater in Death Valley, California by John Fader.

title: File:Jfader playa.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stan Shunpike

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was MERGE and REDIRECT to Knight Bus. —Korath (Talk) 00:40, Mar 6, 2005 (UTC)

Stan Shunpike
Harry Potter minor character, the conductor on a bus with whom Harry converses briefly. Sub-trivia. Delete. -BM 16:32, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge somewhere or keep. Harry Potter characters are important. Kappa 16:44, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: subtrivial fancruft. Another one for the fan sites. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:31, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into something like Minor characters in the Harry Potter series. Radiant! 18:13, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, fancruft. Why do we need a list of minor characters from any books? Inter 19:13, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Because people look them up.
 * Because the nature of Wikipedia is such that if we delete it, someone will just recreate it.
 * Because having things like this is actually likely to draw kids into being interested in Wikipedia, and they may go on to actually learn something. Probably merge and redirect, but don't lose this entirely. -- Jmabel | Talk 05:24, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Knight Bus or something similar. Do not delete. Gamaliel 19:26, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fancruft is getting out of hand. We now have a full article for every character from every fantasy novel ever written, as well as anyone who has ever appeared in cartoon form, but notable subjects like Charles Darnay, Fitzwilliam Darcy, Friar Tuck, George Babbitt, Captain Ahab, and Simon Legree have no articles (the blue links are redirects). If someone wants to kill the absolutely useless template, trim to a sentence or two, and merge to some Harry Potter page (I thinkwe have one or two), I could live with that. -R. fiend 20:24, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * We may have an article for every fantasy novel character ever, but the same isn't true for sci-fi novels. I found no articles at all for any Star Trek book character that doesn't appear on the actual show. This seems like a mismatch in proportion. 193.167.132.66 12:45, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * All things considered, a dearth of Star Trek character articles is not a high concern for me. -R. fiend 22:07, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * What is the general opinion on Star Trek book characters that don't appear on the actual show? I'm only talking about major book characters like Captain David Gold or Commander Gilaad ben Zoma, not every ensign whose name was mentioned once in some book and then never heard of again. Do they deserve articles? 193.167.132.66 07:55, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Knight Bus article. Stan Shunpike is a minor character, primarily written about in the second book and only briefly mentioned in the fourth. However, due to the fact that the Knight Bus was essential for Harry Potter to get to school in the second year, it is important to give him mention in another article. --Tezeti 21:51, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge anything useable to Knight Bus, and add redirect. Megan1967 23:57, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete secondary character at best- Skysmith 09:14, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Minor character, does not feature separate from the Knight Bus in Harry Potter, which is a granular enough level of detail on its own. Average Earthman 10:32, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Knight Bus unless expanded. Do not delete. After all, since it is significant enough to be cast in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, it is significant enough to keep.Andrew pmk 19:41, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Television in Singapore

Television in Singapore began on 15 February 1963. The public broadcaster, MediaCorp TV, has a monopoly on terrestrial television channels and is fully owned by government holding company Temasek Holdings. Local pay TV operators are StarHub TV and Singtel TV. The private ownership of satellite dishes was previously forbidden.

Singapore households also have a high rate of TV penetration.

Background to the introduction of television (1952-1963)
Talks of television in Singapore were first mooted in 1952 at the British Radio Exhibition held by the British Radio and Accessories Manufacturing Association (BRAMA) at the Happy World Stadium. The event was set to be staged between 1 and 16 August and Pye was involved in delivering television equipment to these first experiments. At the time, Pye had been actively promoting television in the region and was assisting the creation of a television channel in Thailand. Several television cameras were installed in the precinct and the broadcasts were linked from a mobile camera to a closed-circuit link. Televised programmes were slated to be content from local artistes and a nightly programme from Radio Malaya. A representative of a British radio manufacturer said that, if it was permitted, television should be seen "tomorrow" to the general public. It was announced on 5 July that Singapore's governor at the time, J. F. Nicoll, was going to be the first face seen in the experiments.

A Pye team was due to arrive on 22 July, after conducting a successful test transmission in Thailand. It was decided to build a television studio for the exhibit at the last minute. On 24 July, the equipment needed for the experiment arrived in 43 packing cases, set to be installed by three engineers working for the company. Television was set to be the main attraction of the exhibit.

The first day of the experimental service started with a speech by J. F. Nicoll, seen by at least 3,000 people, hoping that "television will, in due course, become a part of the daily life in Singapore". Weather conditions and a huge audience caused the camera to overheat and was sent to repair. That same evening, a fashion show was staged by three Singaporean mannequins. Four days after the start of the experiments, 31,600 people saw the broadcasts, worth $15,800 (so far, the grand total at the end was aiming at $95,000). By 9 August, some 400,000 people saw the first experimental broadcasts - 40% of Singapore's population at the time. The final programme of the experiments, on 16 August, was a four-hour variety show, Passing Parade. Following the end of the exhibition, the Pye camera used in Singapore was sent to the UK to cover the Coronation of Elizabeth II the following year.

Despite the success of the closed-circuit broadcasts, the government at the time showed strong opposition for the establishment of a regular service operated by a private company, under the grounds that the Singaporean government didn't intend to put a service under private hands.

The Singaporean population had become "television conscious", by September the government showed its first plans to build a television station. The station was set to be operated by the government and the studied proposal gave an estimated annual cost of $1 million, with an annual recurring expenditure of $500,000. The cost would cover a camera, studio equipment and two or three outside broadcast vans. Two to three expat engineers were to provide annual maintenance, salaries for 15 locals were to be provided and the service wasn't meant to have a profit during the initial one or two years outlined. The service would be supported by license fees, with 20,000 television sets given an annual license of $25. Two private companies attempted to bid for the station, but the government rejected.

In July 1953, the government announced that it would not set up a television station of its own due to prohibitive costs and to reserve its right to take over such a service at a future date, if it should decide to give a service to private interests. The government also stated that such a service would have "very strict control" and would entall a considerable charge on public funds.

In August 1955, the idea was revived with the government outlining a plan with a 15-year license, license fees worth $2.50, and would start within the next two years. The new station was set to be owned by a private company; the applications were to be sent by 11 October and among the interested groups were American commercial television companies. The government has also stipulated possible plans regarding advertising and sponsorship on the possible services and, by 1959, 90% of the staff to be Malayan and all of the directorship Malayan. Three private firms attempted to bid for the license: the Cathay Organisation, Shaw Brothers and the Singaporean branch of Rediffusion. Cathay demanded an all-Malayan board of directors and its know-how in the film industry, whereas Rediffusion touted its expertise in the broadcasting industry, including its commercial television station in the United Kingdom. Shaw didn't provide details, other than its expertise in the entertainment sector.

On 9 February 1956, following much skepticism ahead of the approval, the Minister for Education of the time, Chew Swee Kee, sought the approval of the commercial television bid, but was backfired in the session by the then-opposition leader Lee Kuan Yew and chief secretary William Goode. Goode reiterated that in the United States, productions were mostly "trashy entertainment", "sob stuff" and "human crime serials", and that the purpose of the television station wasn't to provide exploitation "in the interest of big business" to viewers. Concerns were also raised about television potentially ruining the Singaporean economy as well as the youth, as roughly half of the local population at the time was under the age of 21. The following day, the government announced that it wouldn't award a license to a commercial operator, aiming instead for a station owned by the government, under the grounds that the new service wouldn't be costly. A committee to study the possibility of such a service was set up in June. The results published on 4 June 1957 implied that the operational budget of the new government service would be of about $750,000 in its first year, and the content at first would be in English and Chinese, with Indian and Malay content would later be added "depending on material". S. Rajaratnam announced in December 1958 that there would be no television service at least in 1959 due to lack of money.

In 1960, the Singaporean government invited Japanese members of the Colombo Plan, who were well-trained television employees, to survey the situation regarding how television was to be implemented in Singapore. The move came after S. Rajanatnam had travelled to Tokyo in May for a seminar on human rights and talked with two television technicians of the NHK. The NHK team had submitted a report to the government in June 1960. An ad hoc television committee was set up in 1961; in February of that year, a television engineer of the Australian Broadcasting Commission, T. K. Rourke, arrived. It was decided that Singapore should have two or more television channels from the outset, with the content being provided in the main languages, four to six hours a day for each channel, and using the 625-line CCIR system. Since the project would take at least three years to finish, the government decided to plan a one-channel pilot service, in at least four languages, and under the planned four to six hour lineup. Contracts were signed with the British Marconi Company, supplying transmitters, studio equipment (such as cameras and ancillary equipment) and the Singaporean-Japanese company Marubeni-Iida, supplying outside broadcast vans and equipment, including OB to studio VHF links. Television Singapura was to be integrated under the existing service provided by the Ministry of Culture.

The initial target for the launch of the television service was Christmas 1962, but due to technical and administrative problems, was delayed to early 1963. Among the problems that led to the delay were lack of trained and experienced personnel and lack of equipment.

Television Singapura/Radio and Television Singapore (1963-1980)
On 3 January 1963, the Singaporean government announced the start of pilot programming effective February 15. The station was set to broadcast on VHF channel 5 in the 625-line television standard and would provide a license fee of $24 per year ($2 per month), touted at the time as being "one of the cheapest in this part of the world". The output from the start of the pilot service was going to last less than two hours, before extending to four hours by April. A second channel was slated to start between August and September of the same year. By the time of the March extension, the service was going to carry filmed programming in English and Hokkien, before gradually extending to include Mandarin, Malay, Tamil and other Chinese dialects. The regular service would provide, effective April, a four-hour schedule in the official languages of Singapore. A temporary studio was built on Caldecott Hill in the precincts of Radio Singapore and a television transmitter at Bukit Batok was erected. The staff consisted of experienced workers coming from the United Kingdom, Australia and Japan. Ahead of the start of the pilot service, it was recommended for manufacturers of television sets to ensure that their presets would match channels 5 and 8.

Television Singapura launched its pilot service on channel 5 on 15 February 1963; then-Minister for Culture S. Rajaratnam became the first person to appear on Singapore TV, announcing that "Tonight might well mark the start of a social and cultural revolution in our lives." Following his speech, the first programme televised in Singapore was a 15-minute documentary produced by Television Singapura called TV Looks at Singapore. It was followed by two cartoons, a news report and newsreel, a comedy show and a local variety show.

At the time, it was estimated that only one in 58 persons in Singapore owned a TV set, and the pilot service offered only one hour of broadcasting per day on Channel 5. In March 1963, a local branch of the Australian company Ferris Industries began to manufacture television antennas in Singapore. In March 1963, Rajaratnam said that Television Singapura had the ambitions to be "one of the best" in the world, "with the co-operation of the public. In spite of such ambitions, there was strong criticism that television gave undue prominence to English and Chinese dialects, with so little time given to programming in Malay and Tamil. In late March, a campaign was initiated to install television sets in bars, restaurants and coffeeshops. By then, one week ahead of the start of regular broadcasts, the channel was broadcasting for three-and-a-half hours daily. At the start of April, a Straits Times survey showed that television was now available in as many as 7000 households. By August, the number of television sets has risen to 16,000.

On 2 April 1963, President Yusof Ishak officially inaugurated the regular service of Television Singapura. It started off broadcasting from 7:15 pm to 11:15 p.m. nightly, showing programmes in Singapore's four official languages (English, Mandarin [including other Chinese dialects], Malay and Tamil). Following the launch, it was suggested that television should be used "wisely", and not "as a drug".

Channel 8 began its test transmissions on Saturday, 31 August 1963, Malaysia's national day (at the time known as Solidarity Day). Its first day consisted of a Hokkien film, repeats of India's participation in the South East Asian Cultural Festival and Singapore Celebrates. A second test transmission took place between 16 and 20 September of that year and devoted much of its time to the week-long celebrations, to coincide with the historic Proclamation of Malaysia, and the political campaigns leading up to the 1963 General Election.

Channel 8 started regular broadcasts on 23 November 1963. Initially the channel broadcast for only two and a half hours daily (closing at 10:10 p.m.), aiming to increase to the same hours as Channel 5 the next year. As with Channel 5, its output was in a mix of every language of the time. Commercial advertising was allowed on Channel 5 starting 15 January 1964. Both channels aired during the brief time Singapore was a state of Malaysia from that year to 9 August 1965, airing together with TV Malaysia from the Klang Valley and Kuala Lumpur areas. From that day of independence when then-Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew addressed Singaporeans on the inevitable independence, both channels became the national TV stations and later formed the TV Division of Radio Television Singapore (RTS).

Television also had its fair share of criticism. Universal Pictures head Milton Rackmil, while in Singapore in 1964, said that television was luring its viewers away from cinema, and that viewers should return to cinema once the novelty was worn off. Initially, television sets only received channels 5 to 10 in the VHF band (where the two Singaporean channels broadcast), but in preparation for the start of Television Malaysia's relay station in Johor Bahru, which was on channel 3, following complaints from viewers that they were unable to receive the station, from 9 December 1964, all television sets sold in Singapore would receive all channels in the VHF band (1 to 11).

Beginning 1 May 1965, Television Malaysia Singapura started carrying four news bulletins a day, in each of the four official languages. The weekly total was now 28, up from 16.

When Setron opened its new facility in April 1966, one out of six households had a television set, mostly due to rising incomes. A purpose-built television facility was opened on 26 August 1966, at the cost of $3.6 million. By that time, TV Singapura has seen tremendous growth and had established a "good reputation" abroad. Its news bulletins received good praise for the quality of its reports, and films shot by the news division were already being seen in the UK and Australia, with increasing demand from other countries. The new facility would also cater the needs of the Educational Television Service, which was set to start early the following year.

From 30 January 1967, Channel 8 also became home to the Educational Television Service, which showed TV programmes produced by the Ministry of Education on school subjects at different educational levels and in the four national languages. The blocktime slot would be transferred to Channel 12 in 1993 under the CDIS (Curriculum Development Institute of Singapore) brand.

Speculation emerged in 1972 that a third television channel would begin operating in Singapore, when on 13 January that year the Centre for Production and Training of Adult Education Television (CEPTA TV) suggested that the new channel was to be used to boost adult education. The government said the following day that it had no plans to start the channel.

RTS revised its two television channels on 30 March 1973. Channel 5 would broadcast in English and Malay and Channel 8 in Chinese and Tamil. This arrangement would last for the next twenty years. Around this time, roughly half of its programming was imported. The United Kingdom and the United States were the primary buyers yet there was a substantial amount of imports from West Germany, Hong Kong and Australia.

In January 1974, RTS purchased two colour television transmitters from Marconi, worth $700,000. They were to be installed at Bukit Batok, which underwent an expansion to accommodate them. Test broadcasts with recorded programming were first held on 2 May 1974, consisting of test films and imported colour programming (such as The Mary Tyler Moore Show). On 7 July 1974, Channel 5 presented its first live colour broadcast, the 1974 FIFA World Cup Final. The first locally-produced colour broadcast—the ninth Singapore National Day Parade—aired on 9 August. The second phase of the pilot colour service began on 11 November 1974, with newsreels being converted to colour. The number of weekly hours given to colour programming increased from two hours to four on weekdays and four hours to six on weekends. The news would only be converted to colour in 1975, when the commissioned purpose-built colour studio was scheduled to open.

From 1 July 1978, in line with the introduction of the Singapore government's Speak Mandarin Campaign, skits and advertisements on TV no longer used Chinese dialects. On October 30, 1979, the Hong Kong drama Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre (倚天屠龙记 or Yee Tin To Long Kei) became the first programme in Chinese dialect to be dubbed in Mandarin before its Singaporean broadcast. The Mandarin dub proved to be unpopular with Cantonese-language speakers, with RTS receiving over 100 letters from viewers about the decision, with one viewer noting that the dubs caused such productions to lose their "character and authenticity".

Singapore Broadcasting Corporation (1980–1994)
On 1 February 1980, RTS was succeeded via an act of Parliament by a new entity, the Singapore Broadcasting Corporation (SBC). Unlike RTS, which operated under the Ministry of Culture, SBC would operate as an autonomous state-owned enterprise (in a similar vein to the BBC in the United Kingdom); the new structure was intended to reduce the administrative burden in expanding television and radio service in Singapore. The SBC retained a virtual monopoly on television programming in Singapore. In 1983, it introduced SBCText, a teletext service. On 31 January 1984, a third free-to-air TV channel, Channel 12—which would focus on serious, "heavy" cultural and educational programming—was inaugurated by Minister for Culture S. Dhanabalan.

SBC began to introduce NICAM stereo broadcasts in 1985 (beginning with Channel 5 that August, and 12 in December), investing in upgrades to its production facilities in order to support the format

In September 1993, eyeing a series of changes in the following year, SBC announced that it would increase the amount of local content and broadcasting hours, with channels 5 and 12 being the initial targets. SBC 8 would remain under the existing Chinese and Tamil format.

Privatization, expansion of channels (1994–present)
On 18 December 1991, Brigadier General George Yeo, at the time the Minister of the Information and the Arts, announced a two-year plan to privatise SBC. Its three television channels were aiming to be at the hands of two or three separate companies. The plans were delayed in March 1993 with year-end 1994 as the new target, allowing the new corporation to engage in better competition in the international market. It was announced in late August 1994 that a fourth free-to-air television channel, set to use the UHF band, was going to start the following year, absorbing the cultural format of Channel 12. The plan also outlined the conversion of Channel 5 to an English-language service, Channel 8's conversion to an all-Chinese service, and the move of Channel 8's Tamil output to Channel 12.

SBC's successors would be set to face commercial competition from Singapore Telecom and the NTUC. The two companies would also act as channel providers for the cable network. 1 January 1994 saw the relaunch of Channel 5 as an English-language broadcaster, followed by a relaunch of Channel 12 on 30 January,  and Channel 8 on 28 May. 1 January also saw the debut of Singapore International Television, a rented timeslot on the Indonesian Palapa B2P satellite intending to target overseas Singaporeans in Southeast Asia.

On 1 October 1994, SBC was privatised as the holding company Singapore International Media (SIM); Channel 5 and Channel 8 was brought under the subsidiary,Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS), and Channel 12 operated under the subsidiary Singapore Television Twelve. On 1 September 1995, Channel 8 switched exclusively to Mandarin-language programming, Channel 12 relaunched as Prime 12 (which would focus on Malay and Tamil programming), and the new UHF channel Premiere 12 launched; the new channel would be devoted to the arts, children's programming, and sports. TCS was also studying the feasibility for a UHF outlet with supplementary programming to those seen on Channel 8, mimicking Premiere 12; the plan was later discarded.

On 1 March 1999, TCS launched a free-to-air news channel, Channel NewsAsia (CNA). On 15 June 1999, SIM was renamed to the Media Corporation of Singapore (Mediacorp). On 30 January 2000, Television Twelve re-launched Prime 12 as Suria, now focusing exclusively on Malay programming. Premiere 12 would be concurrently relaunched as Central; the new channel would be split into three blocks; Arts Central, Kids Central, and Vasantham Central—which featured Tamil-language programmes. TCS for its part launched Sportscity on the same day, as the only free-to-air sports channel in Southeast Asia.

On 28 September 2000, CNA expanded its carriage and programming to target the Asia–Pacific region.

In May 2001, the Singapore government granted new free-to-air licenses to SPH MediaWorks, a subsidiary of publisher Singapore Press Holdings—briefly breaking a virtual monopoly by Mediacorp that dates to the establishment of television broadcasting. The company launched two channels, TVWorks (later renamed Channel i) and Channel U, with English and Chinese programming respectively. Sportscity was relaunched as City TV on 14 May 2001, adding Chinese-language programming alongside the sports output, in order to capture a wider, urban demographic; the channel would eventually shut down on 10 January 2002 as, while the channel's ratings increased under its new format, its advertising revenue didn't increase in tandem.

In late-2004, citing financial issues and a small market for English-language programmes, SPH sold the channels to Mediacorp in exchange for minority stakes in its publishing and television businesses, resulting in Channel i shutting down at the end of the year, and Channel U continuing as a complement to Channel 8.

On 19 October 2008, Central was split into two standalone channels, the Tamil-language Vasantham, and Okto, a new channel containing a mixture of children's and arts programmes. In June 2014, Okto also began to carry sports coverage as well, until the channel closed nearly five years later.

On 1 May 2019, Okto was replaced by a branded daytime block on Channel 5 under the Okto branding. The allotments formerly occupied by the Okto channel (and those of TVWorks/Channel i prior to that) were discarded.

Cable and fiber-optic television
In 1992, Singapore's first pay TV company, Singapore Cable Vision (SCV), began offering news and entertainment channels, while progressively rolling out the construction of its cable TV network across Singapore. The network was completed in 1999. Initially SCV provided a three-channel encrypted UHF network, with the first channel (NewsVision) going live on 2 April and the other 2 (MovieVision and VarietyVision) on June 1. When the regular cable service launched, SCV provided thirty channels. SCV had about 1,500 subscribers in 1992 and became a standard practice for StarHub users. StarHub also has a different package for their fibre internet service. On 1 October 2002, Singapore Cable Vision merged with Singapore telecommunications company StarHub to create StarHub Cable Vision, a pay TV service with more than 40 international channels of news, movies, entertainment, sports, music and education. The service has been known as StarHub TV since 2007.

On 20 July 2007, telecommunications provider SingTel began offering a digital pay TV service, Singtel TV, through its broadband network. The Internet Protocol television (IPTV) had 26 channels, including on-demand channels.

In November 2019, StarHub completed the transition of its subscribers to a new fiberoptic network and IPTV-based television service, which offered increased capacity for high-definition channels, and other new features.

Internet television
In 2006, MOBTV (MediaCorp Online Broadband Television) was launched as Mediacorp's first subscription-based video on demand service that provides viewers with access to various TV programmes via immediate digital streaming or download from an Internet connection. MOBTV ceased its operation in on 30 March 2010 while its services was merged to another website, xinmsn, a joint-venture between MediaCorp and MSN Singapore, which was launched earlier that month, while the rest was rebranded to SingTel mio TV under MobTV Select in 2012 until 7 January 2014 (the MobTV Select were pulled from SingTel TV on 8 October as well). However, other applications, such as StarHub GO, SingTel TV GO, and Dash, were also launched in-lieu of the closure.

In 2013, Mediacorp launched another internet TV service, Toggle, later rebranded as meWATCH in 2020.

Other international catch-up or on-demand are available in Singapore. These such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Apple TV+, WeTV, Catchplay+, Viu, iQIYI, Mola, Hotstar, Disney+, HBO Go, Bilibili, Mango TV, TVB Anywhere+ and Youku.

Digital television
In 1999, Europe's DVB-T standard was selected for future digital terrestrial television service in Singapore, and the DVB-C standards were later selected as the recommended format for digital cable.

On 10 June 2006, Singapore became the first country in Southeast Asia to begin trials of high definition television service, involving MediaCorp and cable provider StarHub. The beginning of the trials coincided with the 2006 FIFA World Cup, with StarHub launching HD service for 1,000 participants. It would carry all matches from the tournament in HD, and then two HD trial channels afterward. MediaCorp would launch its terrestrial trial service just over a week later 18 June, carrying a part-time service in prime time with a mix of original and acquired HD programming and films (some of which simulcast from Channel 5), with its inaugural broadcast featuring the film The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers. On 11 November 2007, the trial service was relaunched as HD5, an HD simulcast of Channel 5. MediaCorp also tested interactive television.

In June 2012, after a trial conducted by Mediacorp and StarHub in Ang Mo Kio and Bedok, the Media Development Authority officially announced that Singapore would adopt the DVB-T2 standard, with Mediacorp aiming to make all seven of its free-to-air channels available in digital by the end of 2013, with Channel 5, 8, Suria, and Vasantham also being in high definition. The member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) agreed to complete their transitions by 2020.

The MDA instituted a labelling program to promote televisions and converter boxes compatible with digital television, and began the Digital TV Assistance Scheme (DTVAS) in 2014, allowing qualifying low-income households to receive a free converter box. In January 2016, Minister for Communications and Information Yaacob Ibrahim stated a goal for an analogue shutdown by the end of 2017, in order to open up the spectrum for mobile broadband and the Smart Nation initiative.

On 6 November 2017, in response to a question posed in Parliament by Melvin Yong, showing concerns for the availability of Mediacorp programming, Ibrahim announced that the MDA would postpone the analogue shutdown to 31 December 2018. It was reported that only around half of low-income households in Singapore had participated in the DTVAS. Beginning the same day, analogue signals of Mediacorp channels began to display the word "Analogue" next to their logo bugs. On 17 September 2018, the analogue signals also began to display a "squeeze-back" L-bar graphic, displaying reminders and information regarding the transition. Mediacorp talent such as Romeo Tan, Xiang Yun, and He Ying Ying made appearances at public events in partnership with the IMDA to promote the transition.

Analogue television services ended at 00:00 on 2 January 2019.

Mediacorp
Mediacorp operates six free-to-air terrestrial channels broadcast in the four official languages of the country (Malay, Singapore English, Singaporean Mandarin and Tamil). The company holds a monopoly on terrestrial television within the country.

Defunct channels

 * Sportscity/City TV (closed in 2002)
 * Channel i (closed in 2005; the channel allotments was briefly reused by Mediacorp TV12 Okto from 2008 to 2019)
 * Mediacorp TV12 Central (replaced by Vasantham since 2008, Kids Central and Arts Central replaced with Mediacorp TV12 Okto)
 * Kids Central
 * Vasantham Central
 * Arts Central
 * MediaCorp TVMobile (closed in 2010)
 * Okto (continued as block programming on Channel 5 and 8)

Internet TV

 * meWATCH (launched in 2013 as Toggle)

Defunct Internet TV

 * MOBTV (launched in 2007, ceased services on 7 January 2014)
 * xinmsn (launched in March 2010 in collaboration with Microsoft Singapore, ended services on April 1, 2015)

Chat Chat Media

 * Chat TV (English & Chinese Drama, Short Film, Trailer. It also includes Laughing Avenue)

Channels from neighbouring countries
Due to Singapore's proximity to Malaysia and Indonesia, channels from these countries can also be received free-to-air in Singapore. Both countries have also adopted DVB-T2 as digital terrestrial television.

Malaysia
Free-to-air Terrestrial channels on MYTV can be received in Singapore via transmitters in the Johor Bahru/Johor Bahru District.

 * Television Channels on myFreeview
 * Radio Channels on myFreeview

Indonesia
Free-to-air terrestrial channels can be received in Singapore via transmitters in the Batam/Batam Island. Direct reception started on 2 June 1980 (officially regular telecast on 26 June 1980) when TVRI set up a relay station there. Its proximity with Singapore caused its signal (on Channel 6 VHF) to be picked up easily. The transmitter extended its reach on same day, enabling the signal to be picked up across all of Singapore and also in Johor Bahru and Johor Bahru District. TVRI officially followed and at that time it was officially opening of 3 countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore with a power of 40 kW. The transmitter extended its reach on same day, enabling the signal to be picked up across all of Singapore and also in Johor Bahru and Johor Bahru District.

TPI (now MNCTV) officially opening national television on 23 January 1991. Direct reception started on same day (officially opening national television on 1 December 1993) when TPI (later known as MNCTV) set up a relay station there. Its proximity with Singapore caused its signal (on channel 41 UHF) to be picked up easily. TPI (currently MNCTV) officially followed and at that time it was officially opening of 3 countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore with a power of 40 kW. The transmitter extended its reach on same day, enabling the signal to be picked up across all of Singapore and also in Johor Bahru and Johor Bahru District.

Commercial television officially opening national or nationwide broadcasting on 24 August 1993. Direct reception started on same day (officially opening national commercial broadcasting on 1 November 1993) when RCTI and SCTV set up a relay station there. Its proximity with Singapore caused its signal (on channel 43 and 47 UHF) to be picked up easily. RCTI and SCTV officially followed and at that time it was officially opening of 3 countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore with a power of 40 kW. The transmitter extended its reach on same day, enabling the signal to be picked up across all of Singapore and also in Johor Bahru and Johor Bahru District. Viewers farther away from the Indonesia or Malaysia border usually require specialised equipment to receive the signals. Catch up TV services available on those channels' websites are now accessible in Singapore but only for local programming.

Most-viewed channels
All viewing shares

title: Television in Singapore


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Template talk:South Holland Province 3p

The text below seems to be outdated from 2005 and only South Holland Province should be used. CRwikiCA (talk) 11:15, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

The current version of the South Holland template is:
 * Template:South Holland Province m - with collection of map links based on coordinates
 * Template:Province South Holland m redirects to this version

Older versions are the following:
 * Template:South Holland Province provides a link to a MapQuest map of the place, based on PAGENAME, as well as the whole set of links for the province in general
 * Template:Province South Holland redirects to this version
 * Template:Province South Holland p and Template:Province South Holland p, called with one parameter, ditto
 * Template:Province South Holland 2p and Template:Province South Holland 2p, called with two parameters, ditto
 * Template:South Holland Province 3p - called with three parameters, but currently only the third are used: the MapQuest search item if the pagename is not suitable. This applies in the following cases:
 * municipality names with spaces
 * municipality names which are different in Dutch
 * municipality names with a disambiguation such as "(Netherlands)" or "(South Holland)"
 * The third parameter is the Dutch name of the municipality with + for every space, without disambiguation.

 * Template:Province South Holland 3p redirects to this version

 * In the case of Valkenburg (South Holland) Mapquest presents the choice between two towns named Valkenburg. A direct link is http://www.mapquest.com/maps/map.adp?country=NL&zipcode=2235 (using postal code). There has been another version of the template allowing this, but that has been superseded by the latest version, mentioned at the top.

title: Template talk:South Holland Province 3p


text:
User:Simon Williams

I'm Simon Williams. I start and build software companies, two of which (so far), including Synon, have been successful. Most of my career has been devoted to creating development tools which aim to improve the application development process through better use of abstraction.

If you’re an IBM AS/400 developer who’s used Synon/2E, Obsydian, AllFusion 2E or AllFusion Plex, they were mine - comments welcome.

Recently, I’ve written a book called ‘The Associative Model of Data’ which states the case for, defines and discusses an entirely new database architecture by the same name. If you’re interested, you can download it here. For a quick look at its contents, click here. My company Lazysoft has developed Sentences, an associative DBMS.

I’m British, born Feb 1950, living near London.

title: User:Simon Williams


text:
E. D. Smith

Ernest D'Israeli Smith (December 8, 1853 – October 15, 1948) was a Canadian businessman and politician who founded a food company that bears his name.

Life
He was born in the hamlet of Winona, part of Saltfleet Township (which became Stoney Creek) on Ontario's Niagara Peninsula. His wife, Christina Ann Smith, was the first president of the Women’s Institute in Stoney Creek, which was also organized by Adelaide Hoodless and Erland and Janet Lee.

In his mature years, Smith relied on his sons to spearhead new business ventures. An expansion to Britain was foiled by the start of the First World War, and continued fruit sales in Canada were reduced by the Great Depression of the 1930s. Consequently, the company concentrated on exporting tomato production since it was more of a staple than fruit.

His farms were a place where women worked during the First World War as part of the Women's Work on the Land program. This program brought female university students onto farms during the summer to help with food production.

After the start of the Second World War, E.D. Smith & Sons Ltd. acquired the Canadian rights to H.P. Sauce Ltd. of Britain, and in 1948, the latter's subsidiary, Lea & Perrins Ltd. On October 15, 1948, E.D. Smith died. The private company bearing his name was sold to Imperial Capital in 2001. In October 2007, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of TreeHouse Foods, Inc. Its current product line includes jams & spreads, syrups, pie fillings, ketchup, sauces, and salad dressings.

The E.D. Smith archives and collection (family and factory) are currently housed in the Erland Lee Museum in Stoney Creek

Political career
Smith was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Wentworth South in 1900. Under redistribution, four years later, Smith was re-elected as MP for the combined constituency of Wentworth, which covered all of Wentworth County outside Hamilton. He won a by-election in 1905.

Smith was appointed to the Senate in 1913 and served until he resigned in 1946, just two years before his death.

title: E. D. Smith


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Logarithmic timeline of current events 2

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Rhobite 06:31, Mar 7, 2005 (UTC)

Logarithmic timeline of current events

 * For the prior VFD discussion of this article, see Votes for deletion/Logarithmic timeline of current events.

I put this up before and the article is kept, but I feel the decision should be reconsidered. The timeline is pure POV; while it's a fascinating idea, I feel any selection of the "the most important events in the last ten years" is inappropriate because it requires a judgment on what the "most important events" are. Perhaps for Wikinews. Neutralitytalk 16:36, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Neutralitytalk 16:39, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NPOV violation, no matter how interesting it is. Phils 17:11, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * While this is the coolest concept for an article I've seen in a while, I'm afraid it isn't very encyclopedic. Delete. Radiant! 18:16, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No clear criterion for inclusion.   Inherently violates NPOV, since an event about which there is a dispute as to its importance can't be both on the list and not on it; so inevitably one POV gets to win, and the other gets to lose. --BM 20:49, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or move to wikinews. Also abolish "deletionism" as inherently POV (see BM's argument above). Kappa 02:55, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Deletionism is a wikiphilosophy, and therefore needn't be NPOV. A selection of "the most important events in the last ten years" is a POV selection of events, and therefore isn't a NPOV encylopedia article. Neutralitytalk 22:13, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * The wikiphilosophy of deletionism results in a wikipedia that is POV, in violation of one of its founding principles. Kappa 21:37, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. By BM's logic, this VfD is also inherently POV because one side gets to win and others lose. I see no reason to reconsider last months voting. jni 09:21, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * VfD is not an encyclopeda article. Radiant! 13:12, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Obviously, the point of VfD is to determine which POV concerning the retention/deletion/etc of an articles represents the consensus of the editors. The contributions and the outcome are inherently a POV.    That is why it is in the Wikipedia namespace and not in the article namespace.  --BM 19:19, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. We already have Logarithmic timeline to explain the concept and provide an example (albeit it spans a much longer period of time). I see no reason this should be kept here, since any relevant info can be found in Logarithmic timeline; we're not losing anything. Logarithmic timeline of current events is just one POV example of such a timeline. Phils 10:39, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, possibly transwiki, for reasons already given. -Sean Curtin 00:44, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * In the prior discussion, several "Keep" voters wanted to see how the page would "pan out" (seemingly unaware that it had already been "panning out", rather badly, for 10 months), opined that "people are maintaining it", and called for better explanations of the idea (seemingly unaware of the existence of logarithmic timeline that does exactly that). As Phils points out, we already have the encyclopaedia article.  This article, by contrast, is no more than an example of the idea.  And it is an example whose edit history speaks for itself.  In the month between the VFD discussion closure and the renomination, the page saw exactly four edits.  And it really hadn't been maintained very effectively before that.  Moreover, the article still states that the election in Iraq took place "last week".  Yes, this is an intriguing idea, especially if it were done well (which it hasn't been, and, if the past 11 months are anything to go by, probably won't be — especially given that Wikipedia is not a news service).  Wikipedia is the encyclopaedia.  Wiktionary is the dictionary.  And Wikinews is the newspaper.  This idea would be an very interesting one to try out as an alternative means of presenting the Wikinews digests of past news reports.  That is where something like this belongs — in the newspaper's "archive room". I suspect that Wikinews would be grateful for the concept, not for the article, so rather than Wikinews I vote Delete. Uncle G 18:27, 2005 Feb 24 (UTC)
 * Delete. Poorly maintained and POV version of a concept already covered. --G Rutter 22:55, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with UncleG in all points. It would be pretty cool in WikiNews. vlad_mv 02:32, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or transwiki. Inherently-and-permanently unstable pages do not belong in the main namespace.  If nothing at all happened in the world for a month, no other pages would need updating (improving and correcting, but not updating); but this page would need changing just to keep the relative dates current.  Joestynes 09:01, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)


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User talk:Kbh3rd/Images

I saw you listed on the cartographers' list and wondered if you would be able to help me out. I've been working on Aramaic language (currently in peer review, but soon up for FAC), and it was suggested that it would be good to have one or two maps showing the distribution of Aramaic at different periods of history. Is this your kind of thing at all? Gareth Hughes 16:37, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kbh3rd/Images