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Bình Phước province

Bình Phước is a province of Vietnam. It is located in the Southeast region of the country, to the north of Hồ Chí Minh City (formerly Saigon). It shares a border with Cambodia.

History
Bình Phước province is the result of a merger of two former provinces: Phước Long province and Bình Long province, which existed before reunification. Both Phước Long and Bình Long then became part of Sông Bé province in 1976, which also included Bình Dương province. Sông Bé province was dissolved in 1997 and Bình Phước again became a separate province. Several significant battles were fought in what is now Bình Phước province. These include the Battle of Sông Bé in May 1965, the Battle of Đồng Xoài in June 1965, the Battle of Lộc Ninh in April 1972, and the Battle of Phước Long from December 1974 to January 1975.

Geography
Bình Phước province is relatively flat with an elevation of between 50 m and 200 m throughout most of the province. The elevation is gradually higher towards the east of the province and reach around 500 m near parts of the border with Đắk Nông province of the Central Highlands. The highest elevation is Bà Rá mountain (736 m) in the centre of the province. There are several hills around the province with heights of up to around 200 m in the west and 300 m in the southeast.

Most of the rivers in the province are tributaries of the Bé River, which in turn is a tributary of the Đồng Nai River. Thác Mơ lake is a large artificial lake in the east of the province. Several rivers originating in the Central Highlands flow into it, including Đak G'lun, Đăk Nhau, Đắk R'lấp, and Dak Oa (from north to south). It is the point of origin of the Bé River, which flows through much of central and western Bình Phước.

Forestry land takes up 337,000 ha or 49 percent of the province's total area. Forests are located mostly in the northeast and southeast of the province as well as along the northern border with Cambodia and the western border with Tây Ninh province. Much of the rest of the area is used to grow perennial cash crops. The total agricultural area is 293,700 ha. There are 21,900 ha of specially used land and 5700 ha of residential land.

Demography
Bình Phước's population in 2022 was 1,277,300. This is a significant increase from 684,600 in 2000. In contrast to many other provinces, much of this growth has taken place in rural areas, where the population increased by 118,500 compared to 20,500 in urban areas. Bình Phước is a predominantly rural province, with only 15.4 percent of the population living in towns. The population has grown by 16.5 percent between 2000 and 2005, but has since slowed to 2.23 percent in 2006 and 1 percent in 2007.

Besides the majority Vietnamese, there are minorities of Xtiêng, Nùng, Tày, and Khmer. Ethnic minorities are present throughout the province.

Administrative divisions
Bình Phước is subdivided into 11 district-level sub-divisions:

 * 7 districts:

 * Bù Đăng
 * Bù Đốp
 * Bù Gia Mập
 * Phú Riềng

 * Đồng Phú
 * Hớn Quản
 * Lộc Ninh

 * 3 district-level towns:
 * Bình Long
 * Chơn Thành
 * Phước Long

 * 1 provincial city:
 * Đồng Xoài (capital)

They are further subdivided into five commune-level towns (or townlets), 92 communes, and 14 wards.

Economy
Bình Phước is agriculturally one of the most productive provinces of Vietnam, especially relying on cash crops such as cashew nuts and rubber. As of 2007, its agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was 7.03 million Vietnamese đồngs, the highest in Vietnam, while industrial GDP per capita was only 1.7 million đồngs, making it one of the least industrialized provinces in the southern half of Vietnam. Bình Phước's GDP in 2007 was 9,534.4 billion đồngs or 11.58 million đồngs per capita, which is 86 percent of the national figure and significantly lower than that of the other provinces in the Southeastern region. Growth in GDP has been between 14% and 15% per year from 2000 to 2007. Bình Phước exported goods with a value of US$325.5 million in 2007, far exceeding its imports of US$57.4 million. Since 2000, exports have increased almost sevenfold while imports increased almost tenfold. The main export products include rubber latex, shelled cashew nuts and pepper.

Ownership structure
The state sector accounted for 41.5 percent of GDP in 2007, an increase from the 29.5 percent in 2000 but somewhat lower than 2006, when its share peaked at 45.9 percent. At the same time, the household sector had seen its share being reduced from 61.1 percent in 2000 to 49.2 percent in 2007, but it was still the largest ownership sector in Bình Phước. The private sector is still very small at only 7.7 percent of GDP. There has been very little foreign investment; this sector contributes only 1.4 percent to the province's GDP.

Agriculture
Agriculture in Bình Phước is dominated by perennial crops, mainly cashew nuts, rubber, coffee and pepper. 4,333 of the 4,458 farms in 2007 were perennial crop farms. The production of cereals is much less significant and accounts only for a small part of agricultural area and output. 34,200 tons of rice and 19.7 tons of maize were harvested in 2007, accounting for only 0.1 and 0.5 percent of the national output. Sweet potatoes and cassava are also grown in Bình Phước. The most important cash crop is cashew nuts. 156,377 tons of cashew nuts were harvested in 2007, accounting for 51.8 percent of the national output. This is a significant increase from 110,000 tons in 2006 and just 19,000 tons in 2000. Cashew nuts are grown mostly in the east and south of the province, roughly along (north and west of) National Route 14. Cashew nuts are an important export product for Bình Phước as well as Vietnam in general. Exports in 2010 are expected to reach US$1 billion, while there are also increasing imports of raw cashew nuts because processing capacity by now significantly exceeds the quantity grown in Vietnam.

Another important crop is rubber, with 147,520 tons produced in 2007. This accounts for 24.5 percent of the national output and has more than doubled since 2000 (67,000 tons). Rubber is mostly produced in the north and west of the province, along the Bé River and National Route 13. Bình Phước's pepper production also accounts for a significant share of national output (24 percent). Production has more than doubled to 21,736 between 2000 and 2007. Pepper is grown in the southwest of the province in the districts of Bình Long and Chơn Thành, between National Route 13 and the Bé River.

Coffee is grown in the northeast of the province, north of Thác Mơ Lake. 56,148 tons of coffee were harvested in 2007, accounting for 5.8 percent of the national output. Other crops include coconuts (877 tons in 2007), sugar cane (28,800 tons), peanuts (800 tons) and cotton (500 tons).

Industry
Industry and construction contribute only 14.7 percent to the province's GDP as of 2007. However, it has contributed significantly to recent economic growth. While the large agricultural sector has been growing by around 10 percent from 2005 to 2007, the growth of industry and construction was 35.8, 25.9, and 21.6 percent in these three years, respectively.

Many of the industries are based on agricultural products or raw materials. Food processing industries include the production of shelled cashew nuts (29,200 tons) and cassava starch (78,100 tons). There is also an industry producing hand farming tools. Other industries include construction materials (stones and bricks) and forest product processing (saw wood and paper).

Transportation
In September 2007, moves were made to consider the construction of a section of the proposed Trans-Asian Railway from Dĩ An on the main north-south line to Lộc Ninh near the Cambodian border.

title: Bình Phước province


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Kuril–Kamchatka Trench

The Kuril–Kamchatka Trench or Kuril Trench (Курило-Камчатский жёлоб, Kurilo-Kamchatskii Zhyolob) is an oceanic trench in the northwest Pacific Ocean. It lies off the southeast coast of Kamchatka and parallels the Kuril Island chain to meet the Japan Trench east of Hokkaido. It extends from a triple junction with the Ulakhan Fault and the Aleutian Trench near the Commander Islands, Russia, in the northeast, to the intersection with the Japan Trench in the southwest.

The trench formed as a result of the subduction zone, which formed in the late Cretaceous, that created the Kuril island arc as well as the Kamchatka volcanic arc. The Pacific Plate is being subducted beneath the Okhotsk Plate along the trench, resulting in intense volcanism.

The maximum depth of the trench is reported in peer-reviewed academic papers as 9,600 meters.

Tectonics
At the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, the Pacific Plate is subducting beneath the Okhotsk Plate, a microplate formerly considered to be part of the North American Plate. The convergence rate ranges from ≈75 mm/yr in the north to ≈83 mm/yr at the southern end. Obliquity of convergence increases to the south, where the transpressional stress is partitioned into trench-normal thrust earthquakes and trench-parallel strike-slip earthquakes. This partitioning results in westward translation of the Kurile forearc relative to the North American Plate.

Associated seismicity
Major earthquakes associated with the subduction zone:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kuril–Kamchatka Trench


text:
Talk:History of the Vatican City

When was this article published? What volume number is it, if there is one? I need to cite this under MLA formatting. Help me out

Ahm, the Catholic Church was somewhat in league with the Nazies and Fascists, and yet there is no mention of it in here. Why? 147.91.1.41 18:01, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

I have started the page History of the Papacy. This page could be linked or merged with it. Jackiespeel

iT has been moved to History of the Vatican City

What is the "Holy see"? Well, you're on an encyclopedia. ;) To sign, use for tildes Therequiembellishere 06:58, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

Merged with History of the Papacy
In spite of its name, the article as it stood was not about Vatican City, which came into existence only in 1929, but about the Holy See or the Papacy. Lima 11:44, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of the Vatican City


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Battle of Wilmington

The Battle of Wilmington was fought February 11–22, 1865, during the American Civil War, mostly outside the city of Wilmington, North Carolina, between the opposing Union and Confederate Departments of North Carolina. The Union victory in January in the Second Battle of Fort Fisher meant that Wilmington, 30 miles upriver, could no longer be used by the Confederacy as a port. It fell to Union troops after they overcame Confederate defenses along the Cape Fear River south of the city. The Confederate General Braxton Bragg burned stores of tobacco and cotton, among other supplies and equipment, before leaving the city, to prevent the Union from seizing them.

Background
After the fall of Fort Fisher, the port city of Wilmington was sealed to any further blockade runners; the Confederates had no remaining major ports along the Atlantic seaboard. Confederate forces evacuated the other defensive works near the mouth of the Cape Fear River; they were forced to disable and abandon the heavy artillery since they lacked the means to move them upriver. While the Confederate defeat at Fort Fisher the previous month affected morale somewhat and led to an increase in desertion, the remaining soldiers also reported that morale remained high. General Braxton Bragg commanded the defenses of Wilmington; his field forces consisted of General Robert F. Hoke's division from the Army of Northern Virginia and some heavy artillery men and home guard. Hoke commanded three of his brigades on the east side of the Cape Fear River, along Sugar Loaf north of Fort Fisher; Hoke's fourth brigade occupied Fort Anderson on the west side of the river. Bragg remained in Wilmington in order to remove a stockpile of government stores and also to prevent the Union forces on the coast from reinforcing Major General William T. Sherman's army.

Union general in chief, U.S. Grant, wanted to use Wilmington as a base for an advance to Goldsboro, North Carolina; rail lines from the coast to Goldsboro could be used to resupply William T. Sherman's armies, which were then moving north through the Carolinas. In February 1865, the Union XXIII Corps arrived to reinforce the Fort Fisher Expeditionary Corps, commanded by Major General Alfred H. Terry. Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield took command of the combined force and started moving against the city in mid-February.

Sugar Loaf Line
The Battle of Wilmington consisted of three smaller engagements along the Cape Fear River. A Confederate division under Major General Robert Hoke occupied the Sugar Loaf Line north of Fort Fisher. On February 11 Schofield attacked Hoke's Sugar Loaf Line with Alfred Terry's corps; the engagement started in the morning with a bombardment by Union gunboats along the Atlantic side of the fortifications. A half-hour later, Terry started his advance but his left wing was hindered by a swamp located along the river. By late afternoon, Schofield and Terry had overrun the Confederate skirmish line but then concluded that the main Confederate works were too strong to be captured by frontal assault; Schofield decided that he had to capture Wilmington from the western side of the river. Next, Major General Jacob D. Cox's 3rd Division, XXIII Corps was ferried to the west bank of the Cape Fear River to deal with Fort Anderson, the main fortress guarding Wilmington.

Fort Anderson
Rear Admiral David D. Porter's gunboats sailed up the river and shelled Fort Anderson silencing all twelve guns. Under the direction of Lt. Commander William B. Cushing the Federal Navy constructed a Quaker (or fake) monitor to trick the Rebels into detonating their water mines to make way for Porter's gunboats. Both Cushing and Porter were highly pleased with the success of the ploy. However, later Confederate reports claimed the garrison was expecting a dummy boat and were prepared. Meanwhile, Cox, supported by General Adelbert Ames' division, advanced up the west bank towards the fort. Cox sent the brigades of Colonel Thomas J. Henderson and Colonel Orlando Moore against the garrison itself while Brig. General John S. Casement and Col. Oscar Sterhl marched through the swamps around the Confederate flank. Casement and Sterhl encountered Confederate cavalry and pushed it back after a short fight. The fort's commander, General Johnson Hagood sensed the trap and received permission from Gen. Hoke to pull back to a defensive line along Town Creek to the north. Just as Hagood's troops began their retreat, Henderson's brigade attacked, thus taking the fort rather easily along with a few prisoners.

Town Creek
Cox pursued Hagood from Fort Anderson, and on February 19 caught up to the Town Creek Line while Hoke's division retreated to a position three miles south of Wilmington, across the river from Hagood's force. Terry followed Hoke cautiously, worried about being surprised by an ambush or by a flank attack from his right. By this time Hoke actually outnumbered Terry as Ames' division was now on the west bank with Cox. Therefore, Ames was ferried back across again as Terry and Porter's fleet started clearing the river of torpedoes. Terry restarted his advance the next day, encountering Hoke's new lines in the afternoon. Once he was convinced that Hoke planned to remain where he was, Terry ordered the Union troops to start building entrenchments while Union gunboats tested the Confederate batteries along the river bank, just west of Hoke's division.

Hagood had burned the only bridge across Town Creek to slow down Cox, and entrenched on the north side of the river. Cox was eager to attempt his encircling plan that, due to Hagood's retreat at Fort Anderson, the Federals had been unable to complete. The creek was not fordable, so on February 20 Cox's troops found a single flat-bottom boat in the river and used it to ferry three brigades across the creek while the fourth brigade skirmished with Hagood as a diversion. Hagood discovered the flanking movement and decided, since his position was now untenable, to retreat back to Wilmington. He left two regiments to cover his retreat. The Federals then waded through the swamp and attacked the Confederate flank, routing the two regiments, and taking 375 prisoners along with two pieces of artillery. The next day Cox rebuilt the destroyed bridge and Schofield's artillery crossed and along with Porter's gunboats both were within range of the city itself. General Bragg saw the hopelessness of the situation and ordered the city abandoned. On February 21, Cox's division continued its march toward the city but was delayed by the destroyed bridges across the Brunswick River and by Confederate cavalry, while Hoke's division continued to hold off Terry's command. Bragg used the 21st to evacuate Union prisoners located there, while evacuating anything of military value; he also ordered bales of cotton and tobacco burned so that they would not fall into Union hands, along with storehouses, foundries, shipyards, and ships. Bragg retreated with his forces at 1 a.m. on the 22nd; Cox's corps entered the city after 8 a.m., with Terry's forces entering an hour later.

Aftermath
The Battle of Wilmington closed the last major port of the Confederate States on the Atlantic coast. Wilmington had served as a major port for blockade-runners, carrying tobacco, cotton, and other goods to places such as Great Britain, the Bahamas, and Bermuda; much of the supplies for the Army of Northern Virginia came through Wilmington. Now with the port closed, the Union blockade was complete; the Confederates were unable to find another port along the Atlantic seaboard to replace Wilmington. Bragg came under severe criticism from the press for the Confederate defeat in the Wilmington Campaign. Several members of the Confederate Congress also directed criticism towards Confederate President Jefferson Davis and called for his resignation. Bragg's forces from Wilmington retreated towards Goldsboro, North Carolina, where it united with other Confederate forces commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston.

The capture of Wilmington gave Sherman's forces a base of supply and a supply route to the sea. Schofield was forced to spend some time repairing the damage caused by the Confederates to the rail lines near the city. He was also forced to use supplies earmarked for Sherman to help paroled prisoners sent to Wilmington and the civilians still living in the city. Schofield's forces were reorganized into the Army of the Ohio and from Wilmington he marched inland to join with Sherman's forces near Fayetteville.

title: Battle of Wilmington


text:
The Black Cauldron (video game)

The Black Cauldron is an adventure game designed by Al Lowe of Sierra On-Line and published in 1985. The game is based on the Disney film The Black Cauldron, which was itself based on the Chronicles of Prydain novel of the same name by Lloyd Alexander. It was made shortly after the first King's Quest game, so it resembles that game in many ways. Along with The Dark Crystal it remains one of only a few adventure games by Sierra to be based on films.

Plot

The player character is a young assistant pig-keeper named Taran, who undertakes a quest to stop the evil Horned King, who seeks for Hen Wen, the magical pig of the wizard Dallben, for her visionary abilities. With these abilities, the Horned King would be able to discover the Black Cauldron and rule the land.

Taran's first mission is to lead her to the Fair Folk while the Horned King's dragons are looking for them. Should the pig be captured (the game allows either possibility), Taran can go to the Horned King's castle and rescue her. As soon as he is inside, Taran will meet Princess Eilonwy with her magic bauble and may rescue Fflewddur Fflam, as well as discover a Magic Sword.

The Cauldron is in the possession of three witches of Morva who will trade it for the Sword. A dragon grasps the cauldron and Taran goes back to encounter the evil man himself.

There are plot branches and multiple endings depending on many variables, such as whether Hen Wen the pig was saved, how the cauldron was destroyed, and what reward was chosen afterward.

Gameplay
In order to make the game more accessible to children, Sierra used an innovative idea that would not reappear in the genre for the next 10 years: the text parser was removed in favor of the function keys that performed various actions:  would choose an inventory item,   would use it,   would perform "Use" near the character's location, and   would "look". The simplification of the two actions "Look" and "Use" was not reused in Sierra's later games. However, it somewhat resembles the control system of other later simpler point-and-click adventure games, such as the King's Quest VII or The Dig whose interfaces only consisted of "Look" and "Use". Being based on a Disney film, the graphics present some relative 'flexibility', compared to the monolithic and straight sceneries of previous and later games.

Reception
Antic in 1987 criticized the Atari ST version of The Black Cauldron as "typical of early software for newer computers. It doesn't fully utilize the ST's capabilities", citing the "chunky low-resolution" graphics "obviously ported from another make of computer". However, the magazine concluded that fans of other Sierra adventures would enjoy the game.

Reviews

 * ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) - August 1986
 * Computer and Video Games - August 1986

title: The Black Cauldron (video game)


title: User:Mr. Pyro


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Thrift Savings Plan

The Thrift Savings Plan (TSP) is a defined contribution plan for United States civil service employees and retirees as well as for members of the uniformed services. As of December 31, 2021, TSP has approximately 7million participants (of which approximately 4.1million are actively participating through payroll deductions), and more than $845.4billion in assets under management; it purports to be the largest defined contribution plan in the world. The TSP is administered by the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, an independent agency.

The TSP is one of three components of the Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS; the others being the FERS annuity and Social Security) and is designed to closely resemble the dynamics of private sector 401(k) and Roth 401k plans (TSP implemented a Roth option in May 2012). It is also open to employees covered under the older Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) but with far fewer benefits (mainly the lack of matching contributions).

Eligibility
Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) employees may join at any time, but are not automatically enrolled.

Service members in the Blended Retirement System (BRS) are automatically enrolled in the TSP at 5% of their base pay. Members of the military in the Legacy Retirement System may enroll in the TSP anytime but are not automatically enrolled.

Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS) employees hired on or after October 1, 2020 are automatically enrolled upon hire, and 5% of base pay is automatically withheld unless the employee elects not to participate. Those hired between August 1, 2010 and September 30, 2020 (inclusive) were automatically enrolled upon hire with 3% of base pay withheld; employees hired on or before July 31, 2010 were not automatically enrolled and had to opt-in (initially after a waiting period of six months, this requirement was later dropped).

Contributing and vesting
An employee or uniformed service member may change, stop, or restart contributions, at any time, with very few exceptions noted below.

Employee contributions
As of October 1, 2020, new civilian employees and service members in the BRS are automatically enrolled in the TSP with a 5% deduction from their gross pay being deposited into the age-appropriate Lifecycle (L) Fund, unless they make another choice or choose not to participate. Employees hired before then either contribute automatically at 3% or do not have any automatic contributions and had/have to opt-in to TSP; their contribution levels did not change when the newer rules were implemented.

All FERS and CSRS employees and members of the uniformed services may contribute up to the Internal Revenue Code limitation, which is $22,500 for 2023. The contribution for FERS and CSRS for civilian employees may be either a specific dollar amount or a percentage of pay (whole dollars or whole percentages only), while uniformed service members can only elect a percentage of pay; any amounts will be adjusted once the annual IRC limitation is reached. Once the contribution amount is selected, it automatically renews each year at the same amount or percentage until the participant elects otherwise.

In addition, participants age 50 or older may also make "catch-up" contributions up to the IRC limitation, which is $7,500 for 2023. The catch-up contributions are tax-deferred and allow age eligible participants to defer up to $30,000 for 2023 in their TSP account.

Civilian employees may only contribute from regular pay (the standard pay for their grade plus applicable locality pay); they cannot contribute from bonuses or any overtime.

Uniformed service members are permitted to make contributions from both basic pay as well as from incentive, special, or bonus pay, but are subject to the regular contribution limits. Members of the uniformed services who deploy to designated combat zones are subject to the combat zone tax exclusion, which allows tax-exempt income earned. Contributions to the TSP by uniformed service members in a combat zone are contributed to the TSP as tax-exempt, and accrue tax-deferred earnings. Tax-exempt contributions are not subject to the IRC elective deferral limit.

Participants who are both civilian federal employees and members of the uniformed services will have two separate TSP accounts if they elect to contribute while in civilian and/or uniformed service status; however, the total tax-deferred contributions in both may not exceed the IRC elective deferral or catch-up limits.

In addition, the total tax-deferred, tax-exempt, and agency contributions made to both TSP accounts are subject to the IRC Section 415(c) overall limitation, which is $58,000 for 2021. Catch-up contributions made are in addition to the elective deferral and 415(c) limits.

Participants may also roll over existing 401(k) or Individual Retirement Accounts (traditional IRAs only) into the TSP.

Matching contributions
All FERS employees automatically have 1% of base pay contributed by their agency, even if the employee does not participate in TSP; the employee cannot waive this requirement. Additional matching contributions are made dollar-per-dollar up to 3% of base pay (e.g. an employee contributing 3% will have 1% automatically contributed plus 3% matched, for a total of 4%), then at $0.50/$1 for each additional dollar up to 5% of base pay; neither amounts above 5% nor "catch-up" contributions are matched, regardless of an employee's base pay.

CSRS employees (including CSRS Offset employees) are ineligible for automatic or matching contributions.

Uniformed service members under the legacy system are eligible for matching contributions only if the secretary of the specific service designates as such (none have ever been designated as such). However, in 2006, Congress enacted legislation to sponsor a pilot program to offer matching contributions to new active duty enlistees. This program was administered by the Department of the Army from April 1, 2006, through December 31, 2008. Enlistees who qualified for TSP matching during this period (provided completion and returned paperwork was processed as of initial enlistment) receive a dollar for dollar matching contribution on the first three percent of their contributions from basic pay; and fifty cents on the dollar for the next two percent contributed for the duration of their first term of enlistment. The program has since ended. Beginning in 2018, the Blended Retirement System (BRS) for members of the uniformed services applies automatically to new enlistees (who may receive matching contributions after two years) and to current members who opted in (those members begin receiving matching contributions automatically).

Vesting requirements
Employees are fully vested from day one for any employee and agency matching contributions, and earnings thereon.

FERS employees must generally complete three years of Federal civilian service to be fully vested in agency automatic contributions and earnings thereon (certain FERS employees and Members of Congress, as well as military members, have only a two-year requirement), otherwise the separated employee loses the unvested amount (except in cases of death, in which case the amounts will deem to be vested). Military and civilian service cannot be combined to meet vesting requirements.

Administrative Expenses
TSP considers (and regularly promotes that) its operating expenses are extremely low by comparison to privately-operated mutual funds. This is due to the expenses being subsidized by three major sources: matching contributions and earnings thereon forfeited due to departing employees not meeting vesting requirements, excess agency contributions and earnings forfeited due to retirement plan corrections (this involves employees placed in FERS who were eligible for, and chose to be placed in, the older CSRS plan), and loan participation fees. However, those sources do not completely cover total expenses, and therefore the balance is taken from investment earnings.

Fund selection
The TSP offers investors 15 funds in which to invest, in both traditional and Roth versions (however, all agency automatic and matching contributions are placed in the traditional version of the fund(s) selected). Five are individual funds (one dealing with government bonds and the other four tracking specific market indices) while the other ten are target date funds (referred to as "Lifecycle" or "L" Funds) designed to professionally change the allocation mix of investments among the individual funds during various stages of the employee's federal service and are composed of various percentages of the individual funds. All TSP funds are trust funds that are regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and not the Securities and Exchange Commission; thus, there is no ticker symbol to track actual performance (though with the individual funds except the G Fund, the comparable index is easily tracked).

Employees may choose from any or all of the individual or Lifecycle funds in which to invest (any allocation must be expressed as a whole percentage) and may change their allocation for future pay periods at any time (if the request is received before noon Eastern time it is usually effective as of the close of business that day; otherwise, it is effective the following business day). If no selection is made, the default is 100 percent allocation into an "age-appropriate" L Fund (except for uniformed services whose default is the G Fund). As all funds except the G Fund have a potential risk of loss of principal, an employee is required to acknowledge this risk before investing into those funds.

Participants may also choose to change the allocation percentage of their existing fund balances (referred to as "Interfund Transfers"). Participants may choose to allocate existing balances differently than new contributions, but are limited to two unrestricted transfers per calendar month, all subsequent transfers must be into the G Fund only.

TSP also offers a "mutual fund window" (this option began in mid-2022) which allows participants to invest part (but not all) of their balances in private-sector mutual funds.

Individual funds

 * G Fund – Government Securities fund. These are unique government securities specifically issued to the TSP (thus, not available to the general public) and earn interest set by law at the weighted average yield on outstanding US Treasury securities with four or more years to maturity. Since these securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the US Government; the G Fund is the only fund with no risk of loss of principal. The G Fund was the initial fund established by the TSP when it began operations on April 1, 1987.
 * F Fund – Fixed Income Index fund. Invested in BlackRock's U.S. Debt Index Fund. Tracks the Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index. The F Fund was opened to Federal employees in January 1988 but was limited to only a portion of contributions; beginning January 1991 all restrictions on F Fund contributions were lifted.
 * C Fund – Common Stock Index fund. Invested in BlackRock's Equity Index Fund. Replicates the total return version of the S&P 500 index. The C Fund also opened to employees in January 1988 and was subject to the same restrictions as the F Fund until January 1991.
 * S Fund – Small Capitalization Stock Index fund. Invested in BlackRock's Extended Market Index Fund, which tracks the Dow Jones U.S. Completion TSM index. The S Fund opened to employees in May 2001.
 * I Fund – International Stock Index fund. Invested in BlackRock's EAFE Index Fund. Replicates the net version of the MSCI EAFE index. The I Fund opened to employees in May 2001.

Lifecycle Funds
Lifecycle Funds (commonly referred to as L Funds) are target date funds which, over an extended period of time (typically the period between an employee's entry/re-entry into Federal service and a presumed age of 63 for first withdrawal), allow for automatic reallocation of assets from more-risky stock funds (the C, I, and S Funds) into less-risky income funds (the F and G Funds) as an employee reaches retirement age, as an employee may lack the time, interest, and/or expertise to determine suitable investments at various life stages.

Originally the Lifecycle Funds were offered only in 10-year increments (those with years ending in zero). However, on July 1, 2020, the TSP introduced new Lifecycle Funds in five-year increments.

The current Lifecycle Funds established, along with the corresponding estimated retirement date window, are as follows:
 * L2065 – Retirement date of 2063 and thereafter
 * L2060 – Retirement date between 2058 and 2062
 * L2055 – Retirement date between 2053 and 2057
 * L2050 – Retirement date between 2048 and 2052
 * L2045 – Retirement date between 2043 and 2047
 * L2040 – Retirement date between 2038 and 2042
 * L2035 – Retirement date between 2033 and 2037
 * L2030 – Retirement date between 2028 and 2032
 * L2025 – Retirement date between the current year and 2027
 * L Income – Individuals currently receiving monthly payments (employees, however, can choose to invest contributions into this fund)

The L 2010 and L 2020 Funds were retired on December 31, 2010, and June 30, 2020, respectively, and merged into the L Income Fund.

Every five years (in years ending in 0 or 5) the L Fund with that year in its title will be retired and merged into the L Income Fund, and a new fund will be created with the year in its title that is 45 years in the future. As an example, in 2025, the L2025 fund will be retired and merged into the L Income Fund, while the L2070 Fund will be created.

Simulating TSP portfolios
Because TSP funds are not offered in the public market (especially the G Fund as those securities are special to the TSP), it can be difficult to backtest TSP portfolios. However, most TSP funds track well-known indices and can be approximated using low-cost funds offered to the general public. Below is a list of Vanguard Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) that are equivalent to the TSP funds in terms of their content.
 * C Fund – VOO
 * S Fund – VXF
 * I Fund – VEA
 * F Fund – BND
 * G Fund – VGSH

The TSP can also be approximated by tracking the performance of the index each fund seeks to match.
 * C Fund – .INX (S&P 500)
 * S Fund – DWCPF (Dow Jones U.S. Completion Total Stock Market Index)
 * I Fund – MSCI EAFE (MSCI EAFE (Europe, Australasia, Far East) Index)
 * F Fund – XIUSA000MC (Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index)

L funds can be approximated by mixing the above ETFs in percentages matching the allocation percentage of each individual component. For example, the L 2050 fund allocation may be simulated by a portfolio consisting of 41.9% VOO, 24.9% VEA, 17.95% VXF, 9.77% VGSH, and 5.48% BND.

Loan program
There are two types of loans available (a general-purpose loan and a loan for a primary residence) / An employee can have only two loans active at any one time, either two general-purpose loans or a general-purpose and a primary residence loan (an employee cannot have two primary residence loans).

The minimum loan amount is $1,000 and the maximum is $50,000, but the employee must have sufficient assets in the account to take out a loan. The minimum term is one year; the maximum term is five years for the general-purpose loan and 15 years for the residence loan. There is a processing fee per loan which is taken out of the loan proceeds (the amounts are $100 for a residence loan and $50 for a general-purpose loan). If the employee or service member is married the spouse (even if separated) must consent to the loan.

Loans must be repaid via payroll deduction (though an employee may also make additional repayments outside this process) and the interest rate charged (which is fixed for the life of the loan) is the G Fund return rate at the time the application is processed. After repayment an employee must wait 60 days before applying for another loan of the same type. If the employee separates from federal service before the loan is paid, the employee must repay the loan balance within 90 days, or it will be reported as taxable income. In addition, any overdue amount not repaid by the end of the following calendar quarter is also reported as taxable income.

In-service withdrawals
Employees may make either an "age-based" withdrawal or a "financial hardship" withdrawal. The minimum withdrawal amount is $1,000 (or the account balance, if smaller). For married FERS employees and uniformed service members the spouse must consent to the withdrawal; for married CSRS employees the spouse need only be notified. Any funds withdrawn cannot be repaid to the TSP and subject the employee to both taxes (including penalties if the employee is under $59 1/2$) and loss of potential future earnings. Also, if an employee has multiple TSP accounts, s/he can withdraw from any related to active employment (civilian or "Ready Reserve") but cannot withdraw from an inactive one (e.g., former military service).

An employee must be over age $59 1/2$ to request an "age-based" withdrawal and need not specify any reason for doing so. Employees may make up to four such withdrawals per calendar year; the prior requirement for a 30-day period between withdrawals was removed in 2024.

A "financial hardship" withdrawal can only be made once every six months and is limited to one of five specific needs:
 * negative monthly cash flow,
 * medical expenses (including household improvements needed for medical care),
 * personal casualty losses,
 * legal expenses for separation or divorce, or
 * losses as a result of a major disaster (which must be declared by FEMA).

Post-employment
Separated and retired participants are not eligible for TSP loans.

Participants who retire before turning $59 1/2$ and who withdraw their balances (either in a lump sum, partial withdrawal, or by annuity) are not subject to the early withdrawal penalty.

Participants who leave Federal service may leave their accounts with the TSP, roll over the TSP accounts into an IRA or (if leaving for a non-Federal employer, and where eligible) a retirement account with the new employer, subject to the requirements below.

Upon separation, any balances less than $200 (but at least $5) will be automatically cashed out in a single payment; amounts less than $5 are not automatically cashed out and are forfeited to the TSP, but the participant may later request payment. The participant then has 60 days to complete the rollover of the funds to a qualifying account to preserve their tax-deferred status.

For participants having balances of $200 or more, upon separation the following options are available (spouses' rights apply when the balance exceeds $3,500):
 * A participant may leave their funds in the TSP, but if the employee does not withdraw the entire balance (or receive monthly payments or purchase an annuity) by April 1 of the year following the year the member turns age 72 (or, if the member separated from Federal service after age 72, the year following separation; unlike IRA rules which require withdrawal at that time regardless of employment status) required minimum distributions will be made per tax laws.
 * A participant may request a partial withdrawal provided that the balance is at least $1,000.
 * A participant may request a full withdrawal in a combination of any or all of the following options:
 * A single payment (which may be rolled over into a qualifying retirement account),
 * Periodic payments (monthly, quarterly, or annually) based on a dollar amount or request TSP compute lifetime payments (these may be changed no sooner than every 30 days, may be rolled over into a qualifying retirement account, and at any time the participant may request a final single payment of the remaining balance; also an employee may request a partial withdrawal along with periodic payments), and/or
 * A life annuity (provided there is at least $3,500 available in the account to purchase the annuity), based on one of several different features depending on what is chosen (single life or joint, survivor benefit, cash refund or "10-year certain").
 * A participant who requests a single and/or certain monthly payments may roll over their payment(s) into a qualifying retirement account.

If an employee has both a traditional and a Roth account, withdrawals may be made from one or the other, or proportionally from both (but if one account reaches zero future withdrawals will be made from the other). For employees having multiple TSP accounts, the rules apply to each account separately. However, an employee cannot choose to withdraw from only certain funds (e.g. only from the C Fund), any withdrawals are made proportionally across all funds.

Any funds remaining in a TSP account will accrue earnings and participants may make interfund transfer allocation changes to the balance.

Payment at Death
If a participant dies, then any unpaid balance is paid to the beneficiary(ies) designated. If the participant did not designate any beneficiary(ies), then the "statutory order of precedence" is used, as follows:
 * To the widow or widower,
 * To any surviving children (in equal shares) or their descendants,
 * To any surviving parent or parents,
 * To the court-appointed executor or administrator of the estate,
 * To the next of kin as determined by the laws of the state where the employee/retiree lived at death.

title: Thrift Savings Plan


text:
User talk:Zenzizi

Welcome! I find that activating the preference "Add pages you edit to your watchlist" makes for a more dynamic Wikipedia experience. Ground 02:43, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -Quiddity 18:41, 27 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Zenzizi


text:
Alternative Media Project

The Alternative Media Project was a non-profit organization that promoted anarchist media.

Infoshop.org
Infoshop.org was founded in January 1995 as the Mid-Atlantic Infoshop. Infoshop was established as a general resource on anarchism, moving to the domain name Infoshop.org in 1998. According to its website, "[t]he Infoshop project is run by a collective of anarchists, anti-authoritarians, socialists and people of other political stripes. We don't adhere to a specific flavor of anarchism or libertarianism, but we've often been called 'big tent anarchists.' We take that to mean that we provide a wide range of anarchist news, opinion and information with the idea that our readers and users have the freedom to make use of that info as they see fit."

A prominent feature of the site is Infoshop News, an open publishing newswire similar to that of Indymedia.

title: Alternative Media Project


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/C'tan

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Keep 8 / Delete 1 / Merge and redirect 2: Keep. -- AllyUnion (talk) 10:03, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

C'tan
This is details of an old role playing game. Wikipedia is not a fan site. The same goes for all the articles in Category:Warhammer 40,000 species. --151.204.6.44 02:46, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Merge and redirect to Necron. I don't see too much problem with the playable races, but I don't think each piece of Warhammer 40000's, expansive, background merits its own article. --Rje 03:26, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as suggested by Rje. Fan material of this nature is notable enough, but probably not enough to warrant its own article. --Deathphoenix 05:38, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keeep. Eventually yes, each piece of any fictional universe will have its place on Wikipedia. Sure, creating few words stubs for fictonal minor things is rather pointless, but this article is longer then a stub. Basically, if an article about fictional thing is a stub, then merge it. If not, keep it. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 21:50, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. Unless cultural significance beyond this game can be shown, this is non-notable on its own. Martg76 00:25, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, article needs cleanup and expansion. Megan1967 01:07, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, article provides important information, why delete it? --Jonus 13:54, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, as long as its identified as fictional, what's the problem?--Dzimmer6 22:06, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * please keep this. Yuckfoo 01:03, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Warhammer 40,000 is neither old nor a roleplaying game. -- Necrothesp 04:15, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, plenty of other parts of fiction settings (including characters/places/animals/races from Games, Books, Comics, Movies, Mythology) are included in Wikipedia as long as style is kept encylopedic and article is identified as belonging to a particular fictional setting. I think it's great you can look up all sorts of info about different fictional settings. --Waza 00:33, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I don't understand what the person who reccomended this for deletion was talking about. C'tan plays an important part in certain aspects of the game, and it is not outdated.
 * Delete. Obviously this is going to be kept.  However, this is far too low level a detail from a fictional universe -- one that is not even all that popular -- to merit a separate article in a general encyclopedia.    It wouldn't even make it into an Encyclopedia of Popular Culture.   --BM 14:11, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and allow for organic growth. GRider\talk 17:18, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Although merger with the Necron page might be a good compromise The IP 04:13, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/C'tan


text:
User:Tkessler

Some Of The Pages I Have Started

 * Montgomery County Swim League
 * Turning Stone Casino
 * Town of Somerset
 * Bob Wade
 * Cole Field House
 * Darrell Green Youth Life Foundation
 * Aundray Bruce
 * Forest Haven (asylum)
 * Bantam - fixed this disambiguous page and its links
 * Indira Gandhi Park
 * L.A. Guns
 * Tabitha Babbitt
 * Olmstead
 * Christopher Nelson
 * The Nelson Report
 * Nollning
 * Assocation of College Honor Societies
 * Gitga'at
 * Somerset Elementary School

Projects That I Am Involved In

 * WikiSyntax
 * Stub Sorting
 * Disambgiuation Pages with Links
 * Fact and Reference Check

title: User:Tkessler


text:
Susan Roman

Susan Roman (born April 17) is a Canadian voice actress and voice director, best known for voice acting the role of Lita/Sailor Jupiter in the Canada DiC (and later Cloverway/CWi) dub of the anime Sailor Moon. She is one of the few voice actors to remain throughout the entire run of the Sailor Moon series.

Career
Roman's other best-known role was the voice of Melissa Raccoon from the second season of The Raccoons until the end of the series. She also provided the vocal characterization for Snowy's dog sounds in the television series The Adventures of Tintin.

In 2000, Roman voiced James the Red Engine in Thomas and the Magic Railroad. She has also played Mayor Amelia in the English version of Mega Man Legends, Mega Man Trigger in the English version of Mega Man Legends 2, and the voice of Harry's mom in the television series Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs.

She played the voice of two Care Bears in different decades: Champ Bear in the Care Bears TV series, and Good Luck Bear in Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot (2004) and The Care Bears' Big Wish Movie (2005).

She played the voice of Oliver and Judy Tate in Beyblade as well as Salima in Beyblade V-Force. She had a recurring guest role as several characters in the 1990s X-Men animated series.

Also, she was the speaking voice of Angel, the heroine of Nelvana's first full-length film, 1983's Rock & Rule.

Susan voices Joe's Mom in the TV Series Time Warp Trio and Zozo in Weird Years and also Tika in Barbie as the Island Princess.

She has also voice directed the North American / Canadian dubbed versions of the British children's TV series Tom and Vicky and Animal Shelf that aired on It's Itsy Bitsy Time.

Anime

 * Bakugan Battle Brawlers – Akira
 * Beyblade – Judy, Salima, Oliver
 * Beyblade: Metal Masters, Beyblade: Metal Fury – Chi-yun Li
 * Keroppi and Friends – Pekkle (Pekkle segments only)
 * Sailor Moon – Sailor Jupiter (DiC/Cloverway dub)
 * Sailor Moon R the Movie: Promise of the Rose – Sailor Jupiter (Pioneer/Optimum Productions dub)
 * Sailor Moon S the Movie: Hearts in Ice – Sailor Jupiter (Pioneer/Optimum Productions dub)
 * Sailor Moon Super S the Movie: Black Dream Hole – Sailor Jupiter (Pioneer/Optimum Productions dub)

Animation

 * Ace Ventura: Pet Detective – Additional Voices
 * The Accuser – Lucia, Fore, Nurse
 * The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3 – Additional Voices
 * The Adventures of Tintin: The Series – Snowy
 * The Avengers: United They Stand – Moonstone, Dragonfly, Vertigo, Reptilla, Virgo
 * Babar – Additional Voices
 * Beetlejuice – Bea Juice, Miss Shapen
 * Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures – Additional Voices
 * Birdz – Eddie Storkowitz
 * The Busy World of Richard Scarry – Cucumber, Professor Dog, April Rhino, Squirty, Additional Voices
 * Barbie as the Island Princess – Tika
 * Cadillacs and Dinosaurs – Hannah Dundee
 * The Care Bears Family – Champ Bear (Season 3 only)
 * The Country Mouse and the City Mouse Adventures
 * Creative Galaxy – Mom
 * Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot – Good Luck Bear
 * The Care Bears' Big Wish Movie – Good Luck Bear
 * Ella the Elephant – Mrs. Potter
 * Franklin – Beatrice
 * Flappers – May
 * Franny's Feet – Additional voices
 * The Franny Strong Show – Franny Eunice Strong (US/Canada Version)
 * Freaky Stories – Narrator
 * Garbage Pail Kids
 * Enfants Directeurs – Franny Eunice Strong, Milli Cyrus (Mrs. Cyrus)
 * Hammerman – Hammerman's Would-Be Girlfriend
 * Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs – Mom
 * Heavy Metal – Girl, Satellite
 * The Incredible Crash Dummies – Computer
 * King of Kensington – Miss Ontario, Peggy
 * The Koala Brothers – Lolly (1st voice only)
 * Little People: Big Discoveries – Eddie, Sarah Lynn, Firefighter Cheryl
 * Learn to Be a Princess – Tika
 * Love & Murder – Elizabeth Mazzoula
 * The Magic of Herself the Elf – voice of Wood Pink
 * Mattimeo: A Tale of Redwall – Jess, Rosyqueen Stump
 * Maxie's World – Ashley
 * Medabots – Natalie
 * Men – Marsha
 * Miss BG – Mom
 * Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends – Cookie
 * Mythic Warriors – Aspasia
 * My Big Big Friend – Yuri's Mother
 * A Miser Brothers' Christmas – Tinsel, Dr. Noel, Others
 * The Newcomers
 * Nicky Note – Amy
 * The Nutcracker Prince – Mouse, Mrs. Miller, Guest #1, Doll, Spectator
 * Pandalian – Bingo
 * Piggsburg Pigs! – Lorelei
 * The Raccoons – Melissa Raccoon (1987–1991)
 * Redwall – Jess Squirrel
 * Robocop: The Animated Series – Officer Anne Lewis
 * Rabid – Mindy Kent
 * Rock & Rule – Angel
 * Rolie Polie Olie – Fifi
 * Sanity Clause – Kathy
 * Special People – Annie
 * Spyburbia – Mom
 * Starcom: The U.S. Space Force – Lt. Kelsey Carver (Starbase Command)
 * Strawberry Shortcake and the Baby Without a Name – Orange Blossum, Peach Blush
 * Strawberry Shortcake: Housewarming Surprise – Ada, Blueberry Muffin, Crepe Suzette
 * Strawberry Shortcake Meets the Berrykins – Berry Princess, Peach Blush, Peach Berrykin
 * The Special Magic of Herself the Elf – Wood Pink
 * The Incredible Crash Dummies – Computer voice
 * Time Warp Trio – Joe's Mom
 * TweenKidz – Alyson Charlette (US version)
 * The Turner Brothers – Lolly (1st voice only)
 * The World of Piwi – Tank (1st voice), William (1st voice)
 * Weird Years – Zozo Dorkovitch
 * Wish Kid – Additional Voices
 * X-Men – Bella Donna, Amelia Voght, Callisto, Scarlet Witch, Warlock's Life-Mate

Video games

 * Bakugan: Battle Brawlers – Akira
 * Laura's Happy Adventures – Laura
 * Mega Man Legends – Mayor Amelia
 * Mega Man Legends 2 – Mega Man Trigger

Live-action

 * Flappers – May
 * King of Kensington – Peggy, Miss Ontario
 * Rabid – Mindy Kent
 * Street Legal – Kathleen Sheridan
 * The Twilight Zone – Leslie Sellick
 * Thomas and the Magic Railroad – James the Red Engine (voice)

Voice director

 * Animal Shelf (USA/Canadian dub)
 * Tom and Vicky (USA/Canadian dub)

title: Susan Roman


text:
Bình Thuận province

Bình Thuận is a southernmost coastal province in the South Central Coast region, the Central of Vietnam. It borders Lâm Đồng to the north, Ninh Thuận to the northeast, Đồng Nai to the west, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu to the southwest and the East Sea to the east.

Bình Thuận province is sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region, the Southern. The province is known for its scenery and beaches. There are also a number of sites of archaeological significance.

History
Much of what is now Bình Thuận province was part of the Cham principality of Panduranga, which had its political centre in neighbouring Ninh Thuận province. It was the last independent principality after the fall of Vijaya in 1471. Both Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận were later incorporated into Vietnam in 1832. Before 1976, Bình Thuận province was much smaller because much of the west was in the separate Bình Tuy province). Bình Tuy, Bình Thuận and Ninh Thuận were merged in 1976 to form Thuận Hải province. It was divided again into Ninh Thuận and Binh Thuận in 1991, while Bình Tuy remained part of Bình Thuận Province.

Geography
Bình Thuận has much of the borders with Lâm Đồng and Ninh Thuận are mountainous, while much of the rest of the province is relatively flat. However, there are several hills with a height of at least 200 m along the coast of the province. The highest peak in the province (1548m) is in northwestern Tánh Linh District, near Lâm Đồng. Phú Quý island is located around 120 km south-east of Phan Thiết. It is a separate district. There are several much smaller islands off the coast of Bình Thuận, including Câu Island (cù lao Câu) in the east, Lao Island (hòn Lao) at Mũi Né, and Bà Island (hòn Bà) in the west.

Bình Thuận has several rivers mostly originating in the province itself or in the highlands of neighboring Lâm Đồng Province. Most flow into the East Vietnam Sea. Some of the major rivers are the Luỹ River (Sông Luỹ) in the east, the Cái River (Sông Cái) in the centre, and the Dinh River (Sông Dinh) in the west. La Ngà River (Sông La Ngà) flows through four districts in the northwest of the province and is a major tributary of the Đồng Nai River. The largest lake is Sông Quán Lake (hồ Sông Quán) in the centre of the province around 30 km north of Phan Thiết. Another major lake is Biển Lạc in the northwest region of the province.

As of 2007, 50% of the province (394,100 ha) is covered with forests, which is high compared to most other provinces of the South Central Coast region. Forests are mostly located in the province's mountainous regions in the northwest and northeast. Despite its large forested area, the province also has a lot of agricultural land. 284,200 ha were used for agriculture in 2007, which is the largest figure among all provinces of the central coast regions (both North Central and South Central).

Bình Thuận is one of the aridest provinces in Vietnam. Much of the province receives less than 800 mm of rain per year. The months from November to April are particularly dry, with less than 200 mm of rain. It has reserves of arsenic in the northwestern mountains and titanium along its western coast.

Demography
Bình Thuận had a population of 1,170,700 people in 2007. The population grew by 1.35% per year on average between 2000 and 2007. Growth was particularly strong in urban areas at 4.42% per year on average. As a result, urbanisation increased from 30.4% in 2000 to 37.5% in 2007, making it one of the most urbanized provinces of the South Central Coast (second after Khánh Hòa province). Population density ranges from around 1000/km2 in Phan Thiết to less than 100/km2 in the districts of Bắc Bình, Hàm Tân, Hàm Thuận Nam and Tánh Linh.

Apart from the majority Kinh, there are several ethnic minorities in the province. Some Cham communities are in the coastal regions of eastern Bình Thuận. Other minorities mainly inhabit the mountainous regions along the border with Lâm Đồng province. They include the Koho and Raglai.

Administrative divisions
Bình Thuận is subdivided into 10 district-level sub-divisions:

8 districts:

 * Bắc Bình
 * Đức Linh
 * Hàm Thuận Bắc
 * Hàm Thuận Nam
 * Hàm Tân
 * Phú Quý
 * Tánh Linh
 * Tuy Phong

1 district-level town: 1 provincial city:
 * La Gi
 * Phan Thiết (capital)

They are further subdivided into 12 commune-level towns (or townlets), 96 communes, and 19 wards.

Cham villages
Cham names for Cham villages in Bình Thuận province are as follows (Sakaya et al. 2014:757-758).

• Tuy Phong District

• *Cawait: Lạc Trị

• *Mânâng Krueic: Cao Hậu and Phú Điền

• *Plom: Tuy Tịnh

• *Karang: Vĩnh Hanh

• Bắc Bình District

• *Dhaong Panan: Bình Tiến

• *Pa-aok: Bình Tiến

• *Ranjoh: Bình Tiến

• *Hamu Ak: Bình Tiến

• *Jraow: Bình Tiến

• *Hamu Rok: Bình Tiến

• *Ragaok: Bình Đức

• *Yok Yang: Bình Hiếu

• *Canan: Tịnh Mỹ

• *Bah Ribaong: Trí Thái

• *Sah Bingu: Mai Lãnh

• *Gaok Lithei: An Lạc

• *Aia Mâmih: Bình Minh

• *Panat: Bình Thắng

• *Dik: Bình Hòa

• *Cakak: Cảnh Diễn

• *Caraih: Châu Hanh

• *Njen: Thanh Kiết

• Hàm Thuận Bắc District

• *Hamu Kam: Ma Lâm 3

• *Craoh Tang: Lâm Thuận

• *Jamau: Giang Mâu

• *Lam Bal: Lâm Thành

• *Aia Ru: Hàm Trí

• *Hamu Ciét: Hàm Trí

• *Aia Ru: Đồng Tre

• Hàm Thuận Nam District

• *Hala Puen: Hiệp Nghĩa

• *Mali: Hiệp Hòa

• Tánh Linh District

• *Bicam: khu phố Chăm Lạc Tánh

• *Danaw Halin

• Hàm Tân District

• *Bhumi: Làng Chăm

Economy
Bình Thuận had a GDP per capita of 11 million VND in 2007, which is the third highest in the South Central Coast after Đà Nẵng and Khánh Hòa province, and slightly higher than the regional average of 10.8 million. The economy has been the fastest growing in the South Central Coast with an average yearly growth of almost 14% from 2000 to 2007, with growth of all three sectors of the economy significantly exceeding the regional average. Agriculture, forestry and fishing had an average growth of 7.4%, industry 21.6%, and services 15.4%.

Agriculture, forestry, fishing
Bình Thuận is a relatively large producer of rice. 434,600 t were harvested in 2007. This is a significant increase from 2000 (321,500 t), although the area used for growing rice did not increase significantly (93,100 ha to 96,400 ha). Roughly one third of the province's agricultural land is used to cultivate rice, less than many other provinces.

Bình Thuận has increased the area used for some crops significantly over the last few years, including rubber, pepper and cashew nuts, while cultivation of sugar-cane and sweet potatoes has been shrinking. There are large fishing grounds off the coast of Bình Thuận and around Phú Quý island, including shrimp, squid, and tuna. However, their contribution to the local economy is relatively small compared to agriculture. Forestry has made a very small contribution to the economy of the province and its growth has been slow from 2000 to 2007. The largest increase has actually been in forest cultivation rather than exploitation of forest products.

Industry
Bình Thuận's industry has been booming in the first years of the 21st century, with average an average growth rate of 21.6% until 2007. Bình Thuận's industrial development is currently facing problems of land management. Licensed industrial parks have been found to overlap with titanium reserves and their development may be delayed as a result. The province has seen a decline in state industry from 2000 to 2007. The private sector now makes up most of industrial output and even the foreign-invested sector has overtaken state-owned industry. Despite its spectacular growth, industry was not able to absorb much of the growth of the labour force. It created 17,200 new jobs between 2000 and 2007, while the slower growing service sector created 44,100 and even agriculture, forestry and fishing created 57,600 jobs.

Mining

 * Bình Thuận mine

Transport
Bình Thuận is located along Vietnam's main north-south transport corridors. National Route 1 runs through the province, connecting 6 out of the province's 10 districts to the rest of the country. Bình Thuận's main railway station along the North–South Railway is Mương Mán Railway Station, located around 10 km northwest of Phan Thiết. Four smaller railway stations are in Phan Thiết and the eastern part of the province.

The province is connected to the Central Highlands by two national roads: 28 from Phan Thiết to Di Linh and Đắk Nông province and 55 from Vũng Tàu to La Gi and Bảo Lộc. Bình Thuận does not have an airport; the nearest commercial airport is located near Đà Lạt.

Energy
Hàm Thuận hydropower plant is located in the northwest of the province. Bình Thuận is the site of several new energy projects and will be important for Vietnam's diversification away from hydropower. Bình Thuận has significant potential for wind power generation, estimated at 3,000 MW. The wind power project in Tuy Phong District, was set to be hooked up to the national electricity grid by 2009. The large wind energy project is expected to help boost regional socio-economic development and pave the way for further exploitation of renewable energy sources in the country. Located on Highway 1, the section running through Bình Thuận Commune, the Wind Power Plant 1 is about 300 meters from the coast. This is an arid area usually short in rainfall but abundant in wind. Other wind power projects are in preparation, with 12 licenses issued as of August 2010. However, the land for many of these projects overlaps with land with rich titanium reserves. These overlaps have remained unresolved for several years.

A thermoelectric plant is under construction in Tuy Phong District in the east of the province. It is a cooperation of EVN and Chinese investors and projected to generate 1,200MW of electricity.

title: Bình Thuận province


text:
Seymour DeKoven

Seymour DeKoven (November 25, 1903 – October 29, 1984), generally known simply as DeKoven, was a United States classical music radio personality of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s. Because of his penchant for mixing short musical segments with enthusiastic commentary, he could be called a "classical music disk jockey". His unique style was utterly different from that of any popular-music disk jockey but was also worlds apart from the dignified manner of other classical radio notables such as Robert J. Lurtsema of WGBH, Boston and Robert Conrad of WCLV, Cleveland.

He played exclusively music of the baroque and rococo eras. He is identified with the word "barococo" in reference to music of that time, a coinage that became familiar and understood, but was never widely adopted. In his obituary, The New York Times called him "passionately opinionated." In the U. S. prior to the 1960s, baroque music was known mostly to musicians and scholars, and was relatively unfamiliar to the general classical listening audience. DeKoven's broadcasts coincided with what is sometimes referred to as the "1960s baroque revival," a sharp rise in popular interest in the music.

His program, "DeKoven Presents," was broadcast from Fordham University's WFUV, but was also carried in taped form by many other university and non-commercial radio stations. One of the last stations to faithfully air the program was WAWZ-FM [99.1] in Zarephath, NJ; on Saturday afternoon at 1:05. He taped nearly 600 one-hour programs currently archived at the University of Wyoming's American Heritage Center. In his later years, his secretary was Gertrude Feltz of Queens, N.Y. and his assistant was Howard Garrett of Montgomery, New York.

DeKoven, who generally used only his last name, tended to wax enthusiastic over every piece of music he selected for play. He characterized many of them as "OTW," Out of This World. OTW was only the bottom step of a set of escalating accolades which included "Super OTW," "Super Super OTW," and occasionally "OTG" (Out of This Galaxy), "OTU" (Out of This Universe) and "OTC" (Out of This Cosmos). Other phrases DeKoven used included "Remember, even a 3 by 5 inch index card can be used as a post card!" or at the conclusion of a broadcast when soliciting donations for his "Barococo Society," he would always remind his listeners when addressing their letters "....please skip the Sir or Mister when mailing me. Just capital DeK-o-v-e-n. I see this as an anachronism, especially in the Arts." He also reminded listeners that "I am a lone wolf..." about his endeavor.

His requests for correspondence were not motivated by money alone. He used the correspondence to demonstrate that he had a listening audience so radio stations would continue to broadcast his show.

Rather than playing entire compositions, he tended to play only the portions he liked, generally preferring the fast movements and omitting the slow ones. Occasionally he would play a piece, say "Wasn't that wonderful? Let's play it again!" and would play it again. Another quirky habit was to reply to those who criticized his omission of slow movements. He would occasionally deny doing this, and purport to demonstrate his love for slow movements as well by playing one. But this would then be followed by a Super OTW fast movement and no further slow movements would be heard on his show.

His noncommercial program was supported by listener donations, which he solicited tirelessly on the air. Some listeners found his quirky mannerisms annoying, but many found his enthusiasm infectious and amusing.

title: Seymour DeKoven


text:
Talk:Euripides

Euripides and life
This is an article on on a major literary figure and yet the highest number of edits by any one user to date is just 35. That's extraordinary and yet it is nothing unusual in the extraordinary WP universe, where life struggles like a weed to get a hold in the Stalinist architecture of committee-work. Any article produced by a committee tends to be a bit haphazard, even lifeless, I think, and hopefully somebody will take ownership of this one. I might put some roots down myself since I can see lots of cracks here. McZeus (talk) 01:21, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

His iambics have grace, simplicity and inevitability, almost like lyrics in fact, so when critics say he neglected the chorus, it wasn't all on the debit side of the ledger - he turned conversation into a divine kind of language. Tragedians then wrote 3 plays per year, which averages out about 10 lines of verse per day. Try writing 10 lines of verse per day, keep it up for 30 years or so, look at the quality of your output and then compare it with his. You might as well have drunk the ink instead of written with it. And the highest number of edits to date is just 35. Has the universe lost the plot? She squanders her wealth because she can make flowers at a snap of her fingers. But that's no excuse for just 35. McZeus (talk) 01:03, 16 April 2011 (UTC)

 * What are you smoking? Whatever it is, be bold, and edit. If you feel the article needs work, then get going! If you need any help or advice, give me a buzz. You think Euripides is bad? Try history of theatre. Or Theatre of ancient Greece for that matter! DionysosProteus (talk)

I'm getting into the mood. It's called method acting. As soon as I am Euripidesed enough, I'll do something worthy of the master. Till then, please don't interrupt. McZeus (talk) 01:17, 17 April 2011 (UTC)

New Edit
I'm going to paste here the section that seems to need the most work and I'll do the redrafting here, so that anyone can comment on the changes if they wish to. I'm not sure at the moment how long I am going to be working on this and that's another reason not to mess with the front page until I'm ready to replace it with the version here. I hope nobody will be inconvenienced. McZeus (talk) 04:52, 20 April 2011 (UTC)

The problem in this section is pretty obvious - the jumble of meanings, even after some editing out, and the lack of citations. The best thing to do is delete it completely, except for the final paragraph, which is sourced. I'll do that as soon as I have redrafted a new section, probably offline. McZeus (talk) 05:46, 20 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I've moved your draft to a sub-page of the article, here and archived the talk on an archive page.  • DP •  {huh?} 06:27, 20 April 2011 (UTC)

That's OK. I've never edited a subpage before and it will be an interesting experience. McZeus (talk) 14:25, 20 April 2011 (UTC)

Telephus - can I have some of his stuff please?
I wanted to add some more material about the play 'Telephus' and maybe someone can help me with some images of Telephus, as suited to Euripides' play. Especially, I have seen some pictures of kraters showing Telephus, one as the beggar in disguize about to kill the child of Orestes, and another as Mnesilochus disguized as a woman acting like Telephus about to 'kill' a skin of wine that is disguized as a child, in Aristophanes' play Thesmophoriazusae (sounds almost as complicated as Dikaiopolis/Telephus/beggar/Aristophanes/Herodotus in The Acharnians). It all sounds a bit confusing, I know, but such things do happen in real life too. The kraters are: If anyone can download those images, or images like them, that would be much appreciated. I found the pictures in A Companion to Greek Tragedy. ed. Justina Gregory (see references list in article), pages 111 and 113.
 * Apulian bell krater by the Schiller painter ca 370 BC, Martin von Wagner Museum
 * Lucanian red-figure calyx-krater, Pelicoro painter ca 400 BC, The Cleveland Museum of Art.

Thanks! McRap (talk) 11:55, 26 October 2011 (UTC)

 * You might ask User talk:Athinaios, who's been doing an enormous amount of work on vase painting. Best wishes, Cynwolfe (talk) 15:41, 26 October 2011 (UTC)

Thankyou 'Cynwolfe'. I'll direct 'him' here. 'McRap'. McRap (talk) 23:42, 26 October 2011 (UTC)

Ratings!
Currently as follows:
 * Trustworthy 1.8 (12 votes)
 * Objective 2.5 (12 votes)
 * Complete 1.3 (10 votes)
 * Well Written 2.4 (13 votes)

The current article that has been scored in this way is here, which doesn't look anywhere near as bad as the ratings suggest, as far as I can tell. Hopefully the people who rate articles will also get on and write them, or at least attempt to improve them. Eyeless in Gaza (talk) 01:46, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I often find the ratings puzzling. I suggested that the box should be set up as customer feedback, like "Would you recommend this article?" I find the "Complete" rubric questionable: if you come here to learn about a topic because you know little or nothing about it, how do you know it's complete? But if you ask "Did you find what you were looking for?" and the answer's no, the you could give the rater a space to ask questions. Editors could use these questions to improve the article, and become more aware of how to serve the reader. Readers may not want to edit, but could still improve content by pointing out deficiencies. Anyway, I don't find ratings don't really tell me much about what needs to be improved. Cynwolfe (talk) 02:06, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

Only people who copy edit should have the keys to the rating drawer. Eyeless in Gaza (talk) 02:15, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

Update on ratings

 * Trustworthy 1 (13 votes)
 * Objective 5 (13 votes)
 * Complete 5 (11 votes)
 * Well Written 4 (14 votes)

Compare with the above ratings! The result is clearly absurd. There is just one extra vote yet the impact is significant. The extra vote has lifted everything but Trustworthy. In case people need reminding, Trustworthy means: Do you feel this page has sufficient citations and that those citations come from trustworthy sources?. There are currently 99 citations, all from good sources. Beats me! Eyeless in Gaza (talk) 12:25, 30 December 2011 (UTC)

I just rated the article myself, scoring 5 for all indicators. Newest ratings:
 * Trustworthy 3 (14 votes)
 * Objective 5 (14 votes)
 * Complete 5 (12 votes)
 * Well Written 4.5 (15 votes)

Yes that's much better. I'll have to rate articles more often. Eyeless in Gaza (talk) 12:46, 30 December 2011 (UTC)

Phaethon
There are other translations and English reconstructions of *Phaethon* circulating in manuscript besides the Vlanes one, but I do not have citations for them. I've added a citation to www.foame.org for the Vlanes reconstruction. Ptrourke (talk) 22:12, 27 December 2011 (UTC)

B level rating
This rating is wrong. This is the epitome of a encyclopedic article on a Greek tragedian. The articles on Aeschylus and Sophocles are quite inferior! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.228.223.37 (talk) 19:17, 24 March 2015 (UTC)

Translations of Excerpts
Is there a particular reason the play excerpts are translated into English rhyming meter? We are an encyclopedia—we ought to be using something more accurate and less stylized (and the same can be said for the names of the headings under his biography). 108.171.131.161 (talk) 15:04, 28 June 2016 (UTC)

I went through and changed some translations. For now, I don't know where to find that Aristophanes one. The translations are my own, and I have no qualms with people attacking them. Untitled50reg (talk) 21:17, 8 August 2020 (UTC)
 * You can't use your own translation (see WP:OR). Paul August ☎ 14:28, 9 August 2020 (UTC)

What you send me to says quite explicitly: "Faithfully translating sourced material into English, or transcribing spoken words from audio or video sources, is not considered original research." Heading over to translation proper, I find: "Translations published by reliable sources are preferred over translations by Wikipedians". But reliable sources are not necessarily reliable translations. I found the initial comment here, specifically complaining about these "reliable sources", and thought I would replace them with what was desired. What happens to my translations is of little concern to me (as said above), but I am now very confused about translation generally. You say no, pointing at things that says yes (quite explicitly), so I am going to shrug at you. For reliability, that is one reason I put the Greek in: that is actually the quote. Untitled50reg (talk) 15:28, 9 August 2020 (UTC)

I have tried again. Now we have Loebs, including the Aristophanes one.Untitled50reg (talk) 19:05, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:58, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Euripide.jpg

Categorisations of plays
Under the section on Euripides's extant plays, shouldn't all his plays (other than Cyclops) be classed as tragedies? To note that some have elements of a satyr-play, for instance, is permissible, but, to the Athenians, the notion that a play put on in the Dionysia within the three days allowed for tragedies is not a tragedy would be absurd. See also William Allan's edition of Euripides's Helen for discussion of such matters, especially the claim that some of his plays are 'romantic' or 'tragicomic'. 131.111.5.184 (talk) 11:50, 9 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Euripides


text:
Springwood, New South Wales

Springwood is a town in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia. Springwood is located 72 kilometres west of the Sydney CBD in the local government area of the City of Blue Mountains. At the, Springwood had a population 8,423 people.

Springwood is near the Blue Mountains National Park and the Greater Blue Mountains Area World Heritage Site. It is 371 metres above sea level and, like most of the towns in the vicinity, is located on a narrow ridge between two gorges. Winmalee is to the north. Springwood railway station sits between Valley Heights and Faulconbridge on the Blue Mountains railway line.

History
The Springwood area was first occupied by the Oryang-Ora Aboriginal people belonging to the wider Darug Aboriginal tribe of the wider Sydney region. They settled the area about 40,000 years ago, with many rock carvings and art sites in the area. At the time of settlement the chief of the clan was Oryang Jack who was drawn by French artist Pellier.

"Oryang-Ora" was also the reference to the area that marked the dividing ridge line between the Darug tribes of the north and the Gundungurra tribes to the south in the Blue Mountains area. In 1815, Governor Lachlan Macquarie and his wife stopped by what Macquarie called a spring. The place was later named Springwood: "Spring" from the springs in the area, and "wood" from the local Mountain Blue Gums (Eucalyptus deanei) of the area. As a town developed, the main street was named Macquarie Road, after Governor Macquarie.

The first railway line was put through the Blue Mountains in 1867, and the Springwood station was built in 1868. This station was replaced by a more substantial building in the Victorian Gothic style, constructed in 1884 under the direction of John Whitton, Chief Engineer of NSW Railways; a porter's cottage was constructed just west of the station. Springwood Station is the second-oldest surviving station in the Blue Mountains. It is listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate as well as having a New South Wales heritage listing.

In 1892, James Hunter Lawson built Braemar, a large, single-storey house situated on a sixty-acre property on Macquarie Road. Braemar started as a family residence, but later became a convalescent home, a boarding house, a private home again and a guesthouse. It was acquired by the Blue Mountains City Council in 1974, restored as a Bicentennial project and reopened in 1988. It serves as a community gallery and centre, staffed by volunteers. The local library is housed in a new building behind Braemar.

Christ Church Anglican Church was built on the Great Western Highway from 1888 to 1889, with extensions in the 1960s and 1980s. It was designed by the architect Sir John Sulman, who had a holiday residence at Lawson. Designed in the Victorian Academic Gothic style, the church is the oldest Anglican church building in the Blue Mountains and is heritage-listed. The house originally built as a vicarage, but only used as a private residence known as Southall, is also heritage-listed. The Presbyterian Church building, a sandstone Gothic building located on Macquarie Road, was built in 1895. The Catholic community was originally part of the Penrith parish, but were given their own building in 1892: St Thomas Aquinas Church. The church has since relocated to St Columba's grounds, Winmalee.

Heritage listings
Springwood has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * Blue Mountains National Park: Blue Mountains walking tracks
 * 345-347 Great Western Highway: Christ Church Anglican Church, Springwood
 * 39 Hawkesbury Road: Buckland Convalescent Home
 * Main Western railway: Springwood railway station

October 2013 bushfires
A small part of Springwood, along with larger parts of the adjacent town of Winmalee and nearby village of Yellow Rock were badly affected by bushfires in October 2013. 193 residential properties were destroyed, and 109 damaged in those localities.

Commercial area and transport
Springwood's commercial area centres around Macquarie Road which runs parallel to the Great Western Highway and the railway line. The Springwood & District Chamber of Commerce represents retailers, businesses, services and not-for-profit organisations in Springwood and surrounding areas.
 * Springwood railway station is on the Blue Mountains Line of the NSW TrainLink intercity network.
 * Blue Mountains Transit provides daily bus services through Springwood from Penrith and Katoomba, in addition to various bus routes from Springwood to Burns Road, Springwood Hospital, Hazelbrook, Winmalee and Yellow Rock.

Education
The town is serviced by three high schools, Springwood High School, Winmalee High School and St. Columba's High School, as well as private and selective high schools in other suburbs. Springwood is also serviced by five primary schools: Ellison Public School, Faulconbridge Public School, Winmalee Public School, Springwood Public School and St Thomas Aquinas Primary School.

Churches

 * Anglican Churches Springwood [The parish centres include Christ Church Anglican Church (1888) and the Factory (2004)]
 * Springwood Baptist
 * Springwood Presbyterian meeting at Frazer Presbyterian Church (1895)
 * Springwood Salvation Army
 * Springwood Uniting Church
 * St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Church
 * Lutheran Springwood
 * Strong Nation Churches (Blue Mountains)

Climate
Springwood has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Unlike the upper Blue Mountains area, it generally has mild winters and warm summers, due in part to the foehn effect. Although Springwood's elevation is at 371 m (1,217 ft), its winter nights are warmer than those of Penrith and Richmond in the lower Sydney metropolitan area, which lie on the footsteps of the Blue Mountains. This is mainly because cool air from the mountains sinks to the Cumberland Plain, thus cooling these suburbs at night. Springwood has a higher annual rainfall amount than these nearby suburbs on the floodplain.

Furthermore, Springwood can suffer bushfire damage during the spring and summer months due to it being located in, and surrounded by, a predominant eucalyptus woodland area which encompass the Blue Mountains region.

Celebrations and events
The town's annual celebration, Foundation Day, occurs in late March to early April.

Springwood is also the site of a notable Anzac Day Parade.

The Blue Mountains Vietnam Veterans' Association conducts the largest annual parade and Memorial Service for Vietnam veterans in Australasia at Springwood, on the third Sunday of August, to coincide with the anniversary of the Battle of Long Tan.

Springwood Australia Day Festival, conducted by Lower Mountains Fundraising Events Inc., is held in the grounds of Springwood Public School and involves local entertainers on two stages, food and market stalls and amusement rides.

Springwood Springtopia Festival is held on the first Saturday of September with a similar format to Australia Day.

Parks and recreation
Springwood has some parklands with bushwalks often leading into wilderness areas. Fairy Dell is located immediately south of the township and has some tracks leading into the Blue Mountains World Heritage area. The Deanei Reserve is another bushland area which is located east of the township and hosts the threatened and endangered Blue Mountains Shalecap Forest. There are also bushland walks in this bushland Reserve.

Buttenshaw Park is also a recreational area which hosts an arboretum, play structures and the Springwood Pool.

Summerhayes Park is a public reserve located in Winmalee, which is used for sport and recreational activities. Its facilities include tennis and netball courts, a newly built skate park and fields for football (soccer). It is the home of Springwood United Football Club (formerly Springwood Soccer & Sports Club) and Springwood Netball Club. Summerhayes Park has diverse native flora and fauna and contains many threatened/endangered species and ecological communities. It is also a bushwalking area with many tracks, vistas and aboriginal archeological sites.

Braemar Gallery opened in 1988. It serves as a community gallery. The venue hosts different exhibitions each month, showcasing local and regional artists' works. Braemar House, where the gallery is situated in, is said to be beautiful and known to be historic.

Population
Springwood is the largest town in the lower Blue Mountains. According to the 2016 Census, there were 8,475 people living in Springwood including 3,938 males (46.4%) and 4,540 females (53.6%). 79.7% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 6.9% and New Zealand 1.5%. 91.5% of people only spoke English at home. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population of Springwood is 147 or 1.7% of the total population. The most common responses for religion were No Religion, so described 32.2%, Catholic 20.9% and Anglican 18.7%.

Notable people
Notable people from or who have lived in Springwood include:
 * Adam Giles, former Chief Minister of the Northern Territory (2013–2016)
 * Gerry Harvey, entrepreneur
 * Andrew Hinson, rugby league player
 * Julia Jacklin, singer-songwriter
 * Laurie Nichols, rugby league identity
 * Amanda Spratt, professional cyclist
 * Graham Toulmin AM, dental clinic philanthropist
 * Wendy Toulmin AM, dental clinic philanthropist

title: Springwood, New South Wales


text:
User talk:131.111.85.79

Welcome!
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We really appreciate your great biology-related edits. — Brim 02:54, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

animal circadian rhythm
Please, indicate the source for your statement re 24 and 25 hrs Jclerman 18:30, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Felix Armin Randow (May 8)
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Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. I noticed that you made a change to an article, David Barford, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so! If you need guidance on referencing, please see the referencing for beginners tutorial, or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you! Materialscientist (talk) 13:35, 15 February 2020 (UTC)

Your thread has been archived
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It has been two years, but you were never notified so maybe this will still be helpful.— Vchimpanzee  •  talk  •  contributions  •  16:19, 28 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:131.111.85.79


text:
Horacio Accavallo

Horacio Enrique Accavallo (14 October 1934 – 14 September 2022) was an Argentine professional boxer who competed from 1956 until 1967. He held the undisputed WBA and WBC flyweight titles between March 1966 to October 1968. World Boxing Council Ratings on August 1966

 * (Spanish) "Trabajos del Consejo Mundial de Box" UPI, El Informador (Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico), 28 August 1966.

World Boxing Association Ratings on August 1966

 * (Spanish) "Clasificaciones de Box de la A.M.B." UPI, El Informador (Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico), 1 September 1966.
 * {| border="2" cellpadding="2"

! style="text-align:center;"| WBC Ratings on August 1966 Flyweight (Spanish: Peso Mosca) ! style="text-align:center;"| WBA Ratings on August 1966 Flyweight (Spanish: Peso Mosca) Champion: Horacio Accavallo (Argentina)
 * -valign="top"

1. Walter McGowan (Scotland) 2. Hiroyuki Ebihara (Japan) 3. Kiyoshi Tanabe (Japan) 4. Efren "Alacrán" Torres (Mexico) 5. Katsuyoshi Takayama (Japan) 6. Puntip Keosuriya (Thailand) 7. René Libeer (France) 8. Chartchai Chionoi (Thailand) 9. Rocky Gattellari (Australia) 10. Al Diaz (Philippines) Champion: Horacio Accavallo (Argentina)

1. Kiyoshi Tanabe (Japan) 2. Walter McGowan (Scotland) 3. Puntip Keosuriya (Thailand) 4. Hiroyuki Ebihara (Japan) 5. Katsuyoshi Takayama (Japan) 6. Chartchai Chionoi (Thailand) 7. Alacrán Torres (Mexico) 8. Jose Severino (Brazil) 9. Thongchai Supassamuth (Thailand) 10. Salvatore Burruni (Italy)
 * -valign="top"
 * }

Professional career
Accavallo fought mainly in Argentina. On 1 March 1966, he won the vacant WBA & WBC world flyweight championship by outpointing Katsuyoshi Takayama on 15-round split decision in Tokyo, Japan. Accavallo had been the second contender for the world flyweight title held by Salvatore Burruni. The WBA & WBC had mandated that Burruni fight Hiroyuki Ebihara (the first contender). But Burruni chose to defend the title against Rocky Gattellari. The WBA & WBC stripped the champion of his crown and sanctioned the Accavallo - Katsuyoshi Takayama (the third contender) match for the title. Accavallo retired as the reigning WBA & WBC champion after escaping with a controversial 15 round majority decision victory over former world flyweight champion Hiroyuki Ebihara.

Professional boxing record
∂ƒ

title: Horacio Accavallo


text:
SALH

SALH may refer to:
 * Semi-active laser homing, a form of laser guidance
 * South African Light Horse, a former British Army unit established in the Cape Colony during the Boer War
 * South Alberta Light Horse, a reserve armoured-reconnaissance regiment of the Canadian Army based in Alberta

title: SALH


text:
Richard Churcher

Richard Churcher (1659–1723) was a wealthy English businessman and philanthropist, who made his fortune through interests in the British East India Company. He founded a school in Hampshire.

Life
Churcher was born in Funtington, West Sussex and is buried there. He was apprenticed (1675–82) to John Jacob, an eminent citizen and barber-surgeon of London. Subsequently he joined the East India Company and went to India.

He founded Churcher's College in Petersfield, Hampshire. His will, dated 1722, decreed that the College was to educate "10 or 12 local boys from Petersfield, of any age from 9 to 14, in the arts of writing, arithmetic, mathematics and navigation so they could be apprenticed to masters of ships sailing in the East Indies".

title: Richard Churcher


text: Template:Ocean-stub

title: Template:Ocean-stub


text:
Medallion signature guarantee

In the United States, a medallion signature guarantee is a special signature guarantee used primarily when a client transfers or sells US securities. It is an assurance by the financial institution granting the guarantee that the signature on the transaction is genuine and that the guarantor accepts liability for any forgery.

Guarantee
A medallion signature guarantee protects shareholders by preventing unauthorized transfers and possible investor losses. A medallion signature guarantee also limits the liability of the transfer agent who accepts the certificates.

A medallion signature guarantee is a binding warranty, issued by an agent of the authorized guarantor institution, that: (a) the signature was genuine; (b) the signer was an appropriate person to endorse, and (c) the signer had legal capacity to sign. A medallion signature guarantee is not equivalent to a US notarial Acknowledgment.

Prefixes
Not all medallion signature guarantee stamps are of equal value. A special coded prefix is given to each stamp, and this prefix determines how much monetary value can be guaranteed. For instance if the medallion signature guarantee is required for US$400,000 worth of value, at least a C prefix is required, which is good for up to $500,000 value. If a D prefix stamp is submitted, the transaction will be rejected, because a D stamp is only good for guarantee up to $250,000.

Financial institutions' policies
Different institutions have various policies as to what type of identification they require to provide the guarantee and whether they charge a fee for such service, usually nominal. Very few guarantor institutions will guarantee the signature of a person who is not a known, established customer.

Prevalence
While some banks no longer provide this service, many still do so, as do some other financial institutions such as savings and loan associations (a thrift) and credit unions. These institutions may provide the medallion signature guarantee at their discretion. These institutions provide clarification on their requirements for providing the stamp. Each of these institutions may have different requirements for documentation necessary.

Outside the United States
When United States citizens are outside the United States, they are typically unable to obtain a medallion signature guarantee stamp. Some financial institutions may accept the seal of a United States embassy in its place if given prior notice of the substitution. US embassies are not financial institutions and do not provide Medallion Signature Guarantees.

History
The medallion signature guarantee program has existed since February 24, 1992, when Securities and Exchange Commission's Rule 17 Ad-15 went into effect. The medallion signature guarantee program was implemented in order to protect investors, treat financial institutions equitably, increase the efficiency of transferring securities, and reduce risk.

Until then, financial institutions had cumbersome and inconsistent policies regarding certificates presented to a transfer agent to change ownership.

At the time of its establishment, there were three signature guarantee programs, namely the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program, the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program, and the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program, each of which were administered by different entities.

title: Medallion signature guarantee