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Falmouth Spur

The Falmouth Spur is a short freeway connecting Interstate 95 (I-95) with I-295 and US Route 1 (US 1) north of Portland, Maine, in the United States. It carries the unsigned designation of Interstate 495 (I-495). As part of the Maine Turnpike, the mainline of which carries I-95, the Falmouth Spur is a toll road. The spur has only two interchanges—one at each end—and a toll booth in the middle. It is signed only for its destinations—I-95, I-295, and US 1 —to minimize driver confusion.

Prior to January 2004, the Falmouth Spur carried I-95 from the Maine Turnpike mainline to the spur's eastern terminus, where I-95 continued north along present-day I-295. In 2004, I-95 was rerouted to follow the entire length of the turnpike in order to reduce confusion. Most of the former I-95 between Portland and Augusta became an extension of I-295, while the short Falmouth Spur was given the unsigned I-495 designation.

Destinations on signs (control cities) on the Falmouth Spur are the same as when it was part of I-95—Falmouth and Freeport for eastbound traffic from I-95 and Lewiston and Kittery (one for each direction of the turnpike) for westbound traffic from US 1. Signs on I-295 southbound point traffic for New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and "points south" along the spur.

Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices-compliant milemarkers proceed easterly from the western end with the letters FS (for Falmouth Spur) horizontally on a line below the word " MILE" and range from 0 to 3.

Route description
The Falmouth Spur begins in the northwestern edge of Portland at a trumpet interchange with I-95 (Maine Turnpike) at exit 52. It heads east as a four-lane controlled-access highway, passing under State Route 100 (SR 100) with no access. The spur then crosses the Presumpscot River and passes under Falmouth Road. Running through wooded areas, the highway approaches the Falmouth toll barrier, which charges $1.00 for passenger vehicles. One express E-ZPass lane and two conventional toll lanes are provided in each direction. After the toll plaza, the Falmouth Spur passes under SR 9 and reaches its eastern terminus at I-295 and US 1. There is no exit from the Falmouth Spur to I-295 southbound nor is there an entrance from I-295 northbound.

History
The Falmouth Spur was built as part of the second phase—Portland to Augusta—of the Maine Turnpike, opened December 13, 1955, as well to alleviate traffic on Falmouth Road, the town's east to west connector, connecting SR 9 (Middle Road) with SR 26/SR 100 (Gray Road). The spur connected exit 8, a trumpet interchange with the mainline turnpike, with exit 9, another trumpet at US 1 in Falmouth. (The west end later became exit 9—exit 8 was moved south to the new Westbrook interchange—and the east end became exit 15 on I-95.) The tollbooth was just west of US 1, right where the spur now crosses over I-295. The part of US 1 that it connected to had been built c. 1948 as a realignment (old US 1 is SR 88), and the spur connected the turnpike, which headed inland at Portland, with US 1, a major route to and beyond Brunswick via the shore.

When the Interstate Highway System was designed in the 1940s and 1950s, the main route along the East Coast, numbered I-95 in 1957, was assigned to the route via Brunswick to Augusta. Thus, the Falmouth Spur became I-95, and the turnpike was unnumbered between the spur and Gardiner. Around 1960, the piece of I-95 (now I-295) north of the spur was completed, and a partial interchange was added at its crossing with the spur. The tollbooth was moved west at that time.

The turnpike stayed unnumbered between Falmouth and Gardiner until around 1988, when it was added to the Interstate System as I-495. This allowed it to have a speed limit higher than the National Maximum Speed Limit of 55 mph, as per the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act.

In 2002, the Maine Department of Transportation (MaineDOT) submitted a proposal to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) to relocate I-95 along I-495 and extend I-295 along I-95 to Gardiner, leaving the Falmouth Spur unnumbered. This was approved by AASHTO on November 5, 2002, with one change—the Falmouth Spur was assigned the I-495 designation. The MaineDOT and Maine Turnpike Authority (MTA) decided not to sign or publicize I-495 to minimize confusion; maps of the changes distributed to the public included the remark "existing I-95 becomes a ramp" or just "Falmouth Spur" pointing to the spur. Signs were changed from January 5 to 10, 2004. A prominent sign was posted near the New Hampshire state line informing travelers of the change and that the information center had new maps.

title: Falmouth Spur


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Time Air

Time Air was an airline in Canada founded in 1966 by businessman Walter “Stubb” Ross from Lethbridge in Alberta. It was called Lethbridge Air Service before becoming Time Airways Ltd. in 1969, which was later shortened to Time Air Ltd. In 1993 it was merged with Ontario Express to create Canadian Regional Airlines.

History
Time Air began with "Stubb" Ross flying the aircraft and picking up passengers from their Lethbridge homes. The airline was initially based at the Lethbridge Airport. Time Air quickly filled a void that was left in southern Alberta when Air Canada ceased flying Vickers Viscount turboprop service from Lethbridge nonstop to Calgary and direct to Edmonton in the early 1970s. Over the next 20 years Time Air's fleet progressed from the 20-passenger de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, to the 30-passenger Short 330. Time Air was the first airline to operate the Short 330 (known as the "Flying Boxcar" for their boxy shape) The airline also operated Fairchild F-27 turboprops. The next addition was the 50-passenger de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7 before standardising with the Bombardier DHC-8 Dash 8. It received the first stretched Dash 8 Series 300 aircraft in the world on February 27, 1989. The 36-passenger Short 360 was introduced next for shorthaul flying in British Columbia, primarily between Vancouver and Victoria. The airline acquired a number of other scheduled carriers, most notably Calgary-based Southern Frontier Airlines and Saskatoon-based Norcanair. As a result, Time Air briefly operated other aircraft types, including a number of Convair CV- 580 and Convair CV-640 turboprops. Time Air also flew Fokker F28 Fellowship twin jet aircraft. F28 jet operations were very successful, leading the airline to acquire a number of additional aircraft, eventually becoming the world's largest operator of the type at the time. By 1999, Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner commuter propjets as well as F28 jets and Dash 8 turboprops were being operated on Canadian Regional code share flights into Calgary.

Canadian Airlines International (formed when Pacific Western Airlines took over CP Air) acquired a minority interest in Time Air in the late 1980s and acquired 100% ownership in January 1991. At the same time Canadian Airlines International created a holding company called Canadian Regional Airlines to manage its investments in Time Air and other regional carriers (which included Ontario Express and Inter-Canadien).

In April 1993 Canadian Regional Airlines branded the operations of Time Air and Ontario Express as "Canadian Regional Airlines" with both airlines using Canadian Airlines International two letter "CP" code for their flight numbers via a code sharing arrangement. In 1995, Time Air was operating Canadian Airlines Partner code share passenger feed service. Time Air and Ontario Express were legally amalgamated in July 1998, using Time Air's air operator certificate. By then Inter-Canadien had become a wholly owned subsidiary of Canadian Regional Airlines, although it continued to operate as a separate brand. Canadian Regional Airlines was merged into Air Canada Jazz in 2001, following Air Canada's acquisition of Canadian Airlines International.

Destinations in 1970
According to its October 25, 1970 system timetable, the airline was operating scheduled passenger service to only five destinations, all located in the province of Alberta, and was known as Time Airways:
 * Calgary, Alberta (YYC)
 * Edmonton, Alberta - served via Edmonton Industrial Airport (YXD)
 * Lethbridge, Alberta (YQL)
 * Medicine Hat, Alberta (YXH)
 * Red Deer, Alberta (YQF)

By early 1976, Time Air had expanded service to sixth destination in Alberta, being Grande Prairie (YQU), while continuing to serve the other five destinations listed above and its fleet was composed of two turboprop aircraft types at this time: the Fokker F27 Friendship and the STOL capable de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter. By late 1978, a seventh destination in Alberta had been added, being Pincher Creek (WPL) with the airline operating Short 330 turboprops in addition to the DHC-6 Twin Otters at this time. The airline was also serving close-in Edmonton Industrial Airport (YXD, which was later renamed Edmonton City Centre Airport and is now closed) instead of Edmonton International Airport (YEG) and was competing with Pacific Western Airlines jet service operated with Boeing 737-200s on the Calgary-Edmonton Industrial Airport route. Time Air continued to compete on this route and by the spring of 1981 was operating the STOL capable de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7 on all of its flights between Calgary and Edmonton.

Destinations in 1988
According to the October 30, 1988 Time Air system route map, the airline was operating scheduled passenger service to the following destinations in Canada and the United States:
 * Calgary, Alberta - Hub
 * Campbell River, British Columbia
 * Castlegar, British Columbia
 * Cold Lake, Alberta
 * Comox, British Columbia
 * Dawson Creek, British Columbia
 * Edmonton, Alberta - Hub
 * Fort Chipewyan, Alberta
 * Fort McMurray, Alberta
 * Fort Nelson, British Columbia
 * Fort St. John, British Columbia
 * Grande Prairie, Alberta
 * High Level, Alberta
 * Kamloops, British Columbia
 * Kelowna, British Columbia
 * La Ronge, Saskatchewan
 * Lethbridge, Alberta
 * Lloydminster, Alberta
 * Medicine Hat, Alberta
 * Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota
 * Nanaimo, British Columbia
 * Peace River, Alberta
 * Penticton, British Columbia
 * Port Hardy, British Columbia
 * Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
 * Quesnel, British Columbia
 * Rainbow Lake, Alberta
 * Regina, Saskatchewan
 * Saskatoon, Saskatchewan - Focus city
 * Seattle, Washington
 * Stony Rapids, Saskatchewan
 * Uranium City, Saskatchewan
 * Vancouver, British Columbia - Hub
 * Victoria, British Columbia
 * Watson Lake, Yukon
 * Williams Lake, British Columbia
 * Winnipeg, Manitoba
 * Wollaston Lake, Saskatchewan

Time Air was operating two international routes to the U.S. at this time: Vancouver-Seattle and Regina-Minneapolis/St. Paul. Service to Seattle was operated with de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7 and DHC-8 Dash 8 propjet aircraft with multiple flights a day while service to Minneapolis/St. Paul was flown daily with a Fokker F28 twin jet. The only other international route flown by Time Air was nonstop service between Lethbridge and Great Falls, Montana which was operated earlier in 1988; however, by October 1988, the airline had ceased all service on this route.

Fleet

 * Convair CV-580
 * Convair CV-640
 * de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
 * de Havilland Canada Dash 7
 * de Havilland Canada Dash 8
 * Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner
 * Fairchild F-27
 * Fokker F28 Fellowship - Only jet aircraft type ever operated by Time Air. Operated as well by Norcanair.
 * Short 330
 * Short 360

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Time Air


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Ramazzini

Ramazzini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Bernardino Ramazzini - Italian physician (1633 – 1714)
 * Collegium Ramazzini academy of occupational and environmental health named after Bernardino
 * Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri - Guatemalan Bishop, born 1947

title: Ramazzini


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In the Woods...

In the Woods... is a Norwegian avant-garde/progressive black metal band from Kristiansand, formed in 1992. The band have released a total of six studio albums, three singles, one compilation album and one live album throughout its existence. The band disbanded in 2000 and reformed in 2014.

History
The band started out as a death metal band called Green Carnation. With some members leaving, including Terje Vik Schei (a.k.a. Tchort), the remaining members formed In the Woods... The band released a demo in 1993 called The Isle of Men, as well as a full-length album named Heart of the Ages in 1995. The following, Omnio, had lengthy songs with more female vocals. Their third album was Strange in Stereo.

In 2000, In the Woods... released the album Three Times Seven on a Pilgrimage, a compilation of three of their previous 7" featuring covers from Pink Floyd, Jefferson Airplane and King Crimson, together with some newly released and rebuilt songs, like the new version of Child of Universal Tongue.

After releasing Three Times Seven on a Pilgrimage, the band held a farewell performance in their home town of Kristiansand which featured all musicians, including the former members. The performance was recorded and released as Live at the Caledonien Hall in 2003. Some of the members went on to play in the similarly-styled band Green Carnation, others took up personal projects and founded the independent label Karmakosmetix Records, created to support new experimental bands such as In the Woods... was in its time.

The band's founding guitarist Oddvar A.M., born Oddvar Moi, died on May 13, 2013.

Anders Kobro announced the reformation of the band's core lineup (Kobro, X. Botteri and C:M. Botteri) in 2014. 2015 was the year the newest lineup was announced, featuring Kobro, X. Botteri and C:M Botteri, James Fogarty and guitarist Kåre André Sletteberg. Together, they released the album "Pure" in September 2016 under their new label, Debemur Morti Productions. Keyboard player Job Phenex Bos was joining them for shows during 2016 and 2017.

At the end of 2016, the Botteri brothers left the band leading onto Alex Weisbeek and Bernt Sørensen joining In the Woods... for bass and guitar sessions, but due to a long distance between the core of the band and Weisbeek, the band decided to hire in a local bass player by the name of Nils Olav Drivdal. Drivdal joined the band in December 2018 and played his first concert with the band in Kristiansand in March 2019.

In December 2021 James Fogarty left the band, before the new record was finished. The band ended up looking for a new singer/songwriter and hired Bernt Fjellestad later that month.

On September 28, 2022, the band announced their new album, Diversum, would be released on November 25.

Current members

 * Anders Kobro – drums, percussion (1992–2000, 2014–present)
 * Kåre André Sletteberg – guitars, acoustic guitar (2015–present)
 * Bernt Sørensen – guitar (2016–present)
 * Nils Olav Drivdal – bass (2018–present)
 * Bernt Fjellestad - vocals (2021–present)

Past members

 * Christian "X" Botteri – guitars (1992–2000, 2014–2016)
 * Christopher "C:M." Botteri – bass (1992–2000, 2014–2016)
 * Jan Kenneth Transeth – vocals (1992–2000)
 * Oddvar A:M – guitars (1992–2000; died in 2013)
 * Bjørn "Berserk" Harstad; guitars (1996–1998)
 * Synne "Soprana" Larsen – vocals (1996–2000), session vocals (1994–1996)
 * Christer-André Cederberg – guitars (1998–2000)
 * Job Phenex Bos – keyboards (live) (2016–2017)
 * Alex Weisbeek – bass (2016–2018)
 * James Fogarty - vocals, guitars, keyboards (2015-2021)

Discography
Studio albums
 * Heart of the Ages (1995)
 * Omnio (1997)
 * Strange in Stereo (1999)
 * Pure (2016)
 * Cease the Day (2018)
 * Diversum (2022)

Compilation albums
 * A Return to the Isle of Men (1996)
 * Three Times Seven on a Pilgrimage (2000)

Live albums
 * Live at the Caledonien Hall (2003)

Singles
 * "White Rabbit" (7") (1996)
 * "Let There Be More Light" (7") (1998)
 * "Epitaph" (7") (2000)

Demos
 * Rehearsal 93 (1993)
 * Isle of Men (1993)
 * Return to the Isle of Men (1996, re-release of the demo with bonus tracks)

title: In the Woods...


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TED (conference)

TED Conferences, LLC (Technology, Entertainment, Design ) is an American-Canadian non-profit media organization that posts international talks online for free distribution under the slogan "ideas worth spreading". It was founded by Richard Saul Wurman and Harry Marks in February 1984 as a technology conference, in which Mickey Schulhof gave a demo of the compact disc that was invented in October 1982. Its main conference has been held annually since 1990. It covers almost all topics—from science to business to global issues—in more than 100 languages.

TED's early emphasis was on technology and design, consistent with its Silicon Valley origins. It later broadened to include scientific, cultural, political, humanitarian, and academic topics. It has been curated by Chris Anderson, a British-American businessman, through the non-profit TED Foundation since July 2019 (originally by the non-profit Sapling Foundation).

The main TED conference has been held annually in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, at the Vancouver Convention Centre since 2014. The first conferences from 1984 (TED1) through 2008 (TED2008) were held at the Monterey Conference Center in Monterey, California. Between 2009 and 2014, it was held in Long Beach, California, United States. TED events are also held throughout North America and in Europe, Asia, and Africa, offering live streaming of the talks. TED returned to Monterey in 2021 with TEDMonterey. The talks address a wide range of topics within the research and practice of science and culture, often through storytelling.

Since June 2006, TED Talks had been offered for free viewing online, under an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives Creative Commons license, through TED.com. over 3,500 talks are freely available on the official website. In June 2011, TED Talks' combined viewing figures surpassed 500 million, and by November 2012, they had been watched over one billion times worldwide. While the talks are available free online, sharing TED content in commercial contexts (such as corporate learning and talent development) requires a license.

1984–1999: Founding and early years

TED was conceived in 1984 by Richard Saul Wurman, FAIA '76, and co-founded by Emmy-winning broadcast and graphic designer Harry Marks and CBS President Emeritus Frank Stanton. The conference featured demos of the compact disc, co-developed by Philips and Sony, and one of the first demonstrations of the Apple Macintosh computer. Presentations were given by the mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot and others such as Nicholas Negroponte and Stewart Brand. The event was financially unsuccessful; six years elapsed before a second conference was organized.

TED2 was held at the same Monterey Conference Center in California in 1990. From 1990 onward, a growing community of "TEDsters" gathered annually with Wurman leading the conference in Monterey until 2009, when it was moved to Long Beach, California due to a substantial increase in the number of those attending. Speakers were initially drawn from the fields of expertise behind the acronym TED; but during the 1990s, presenters broadened to include scientists, philosophers, musicians, religious leaders, philanthropists, and many others.

2000–present: recent growth
In 2000, Wurman, looking for a successor at age 65, met with new-media entrepreneur and TED enthusiast Chris Anderson to discuss future happenings. Anderson's UK media company Future bought TED for $14 million ($12 million in cash and $2 million in stocks). In November 2001, Anderson's non-profit The Sapling Foundation (motto: "fostering the spread of great ideas") acquired TED from Future for £6m. In February 2002, Anderson gave a TED Talk in which he explained his vision of the conference and his future role of curator. Wurman left after the 2002 conference.

In 2006, attendance cost was $4,400 per person and was by invitation only. The membership model was shifted in January 2007 to an annual membership fee of $6,000, which included attendance of the conference, club mailings, networking tools, and conference DVDs. The 2018 conference was $10,000 per attendee.

Between 2001 and 2006, TED upgraded its platform to provide TED talks online for free, added TEDGlobal that became a worldwide conference, and created the TED Prize.

In 2012, TED community director Tom Rielly helped the producers of Prometheus gain approval for the use of the TED brand in the promotional short film TED 2023, designed by Rielly with Ridley Scott and Damon Lindelof, directed by Luke Scott, and starring Guy Pearce as Peter Weyland, who in the film speaks at a fictional TED conference at Wembley Stadium in the then-future of 2023; on the film's release, Rielly noted that the association had generated millions of unique visits to the TED website.

In 2014, the conference was moved to Vancouver, Canada.

TED is currently funded by various revenue streams, including attendance fees, corporate sponsorships, foundation support, licensing fees, and book sales. Corporate sponsors are diverse, including companies such as Google, GE, AOL, Goldman Sachs, and The Coca-Cola Company. Sponsors do not participate in the event's creation, nor are they allowed to present on the main stage.

In 2015, TED staff consisted of about 180 people headquartered in New York City and Vancouver, British Columbia. On July 1, 2019, the TED Conferences LLC was transferred from Sapling Foundation to TED Foundation to "align with our brand and make it easier for our donors to connect TED donations to TED Conferences, LLC."

At TED 2015, Bill Gates warned that the world was not prepared for the next pandemic, a warning some felt manifested with the COVID-19 pandemic beginning late 2019.

In 2021, TED launched the TED Audio Collective with a number of podcasts featuring previous TED Talks and other relevant topics.

TED 2022 was held in Vancouver. There was criticism after Marvin Rees, Mayor of Bristol, flew 9200 miles to speak about climate change and the need for reduced carbon emissions.

TED Prize
The TED Prize was introduced in 2005. Until 2010, $100,000 was given annually to three individuals with a "wish to change the world". Each winner unveiled their wish at the main annual conference. Since 2010, a single winner has been chosen to ensure that TED can maximize its efforts in achieving the winner's wish. In 2012, the prize was not awarded to a person, but to a concept connected to the current global phenomenon of increasing urbanization. In 2013, the prize amount was increased to $1 million. TED Prize winners in previous years have been:

TED Conference commissioned New York artist Tom Shannon to create a prize sculpture for all TED Prize winners. It consists of an 8 in aluminum sphere magnetically levitated above a walnut disc. As of 2018 the prize has been recast as The Audacious Project.

TED.com
In 2005, Chris Anderson hired June Cohen as Director of TED Media. In June 2006, after Cohen's idea of a TV show based on TED lectures was rejected by several networks, a selection of talks that had received highest audience ratings was posted on the websites of TED, YouTube and iTunes under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0. Only a handful of talks was initially posted to see if there was an audience for them. In January of the following year, the number of talks on the sites had grown to 44, and they had been viewed more than three million times. On the basis of that success, the organization pumped hundreds of thousands of dollars into its video production operations and the development of a website to feature about 100 of the talks.

In April 2007, the new TED.com was launched, developed by New York and San Francisco-based design company Method. The website has won many prizes, including seven Webby Awards, iTunes' "Best Podcast of the Year" (2006–2010); the Communication Arts Interactive Award for Information Design (2007); the OMMA Award for Video Sharing, the Web Visionary Award for Technical Achievement, and The One Show Interactive Bronze Award (2008); the AIGA Annual Design Competition (2009); and a Peabody Award (2012).

In January 2009, TED videos had been viewed 50 million times. In June 2011, they reached 500 million views; and on November 13, 2012, they reached their billionth video view. In March 2012, Chris Anderson said in an interview: "It used to be 800 people getting together once a year; now it's about a million people a day watching TED Talks online. When we first put up a few of the talks as an experiment, we got such impassioned responses that we decided to flip the organization on its head and think of ourselves not so much as a conference but as 'ideas worth spreading,' building a big website around it. The conference is still the engine, but the website is the amplifier that takes the ideas to the world."

In March 2012, Netflix announced a deal to stream an initial series of 16 two-hour collections of TED Talks on similar subjects. It was made available to subscribers in the United States, Canada, Latin America, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. Hosted by Jami Floyd, TED Talks NYC debuted on NYC Life on March 21, 2012.

As of October 2020, over 3500 TED talks had been posted, and five to seven new talks are published each week. On TED.com, most talks and speakers are introduced, and talk transcripts are provided; some talks also have footnotes and resource lists.

TEDGlobal
In 2005, under Anderson's supervision, a more internationally oriented sister conference was added, under the name TEDGlobal. It was held, in chronological order: in Oxford, UK (2005), in Arusha, Tanzania (2007, titled TEDAfrica), in Oxford again (2009 and 2010), and in Edinburgh, UK (2011, 2012, and 2013). In 2014, it was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Additionally, there was TED India, in Mysore (2009) and TEDGlobal London in London (2015). TEDGlobal 2017 was held again in Arusha, Tanzania, and it was curated and hosted by Emeka Okafor.

TED's European director (and curator of TEDGlobal) is Swiss-born Bruno Giussani.

The TED 2011 conference, The Rediscovery of Wonder, was held in Long Beach, California, US, from February 28 to March 4, 2011. The TED conference has a companion conference, TEDGlobal, held in the UK each summer. The 2009 TEDGlobal, The Substance of Things Not Seen, was held in Oxford, July 21–24, 2009. 2010's TEDGlobal (again in Oxford) was themed And Now The Good News; in 2011 the conference moved to a new home in Edinburgh and was held July 12–15 with the theme The Stuff Of Life. The 2012 TEDGlobal conference Radical Openness was held in Edinburgh, June 25–29.

TED Translators
TED Translators, formerly known as the Open Translation Project (OTP), started as the TED Open Translation Project in May 2009. It intends to "[reach] out to the 4.5 billion people on the planet who don't speak English", according to TED Curator Chris Anderson. The OTP used crowd-based subtitling platforms to translate the text of TED and TED-Ed videos, as well as to caption and translate videos created in the TEDx program. (Until May 2012 it worked with its technology partner dotSUB, and then with the open source translation tool Amara). When the project was launched, 300 translations had been completed in 40 languages by 200 volunteer transcribers. By May 2015, more than 70,000 sets of subtitles in 107 languages had been completed by (an all-time total of) 38,173 volunteer translators.

The project helped generate a significant increase in international visitors to TED's website. Traffic from outside the US has increased 350 percent: there has been 600 percent growth in Asia, and more than 1000 percent in South America. Members have several tools dedicated to knowledge management, such as the OTP Wiki OTPedia, Facebook groups, or video tutorials.

TEDx
TEDx was founded by Lara Stein. TEDx are independent events similar to TED in presentation. They can be organized by anyone who obtains a free license from TED, and agrees to follow certain principles. TEDx events are required to be non-profit, but organizers may use an admission fee or commercial sponsorship to cover costs. Speakers are not paid and must also relinquish the copyrights to their materials, which TED may edit and distribute under a Creative Commons license.

As of January 2014, the TEDxTalks library contained some 30,000 films and presentations from more than 130 countries. As of October 2017, the TEDx archive surpassed 100,000 talks. In March 2013, eight TEDx events were organized every day; raised up from five in June 2012, the previous year, in 133 countries. TEDx presentations may include live performances, which are catalogued in the TEDx Music Project.

In 2011, TED began a program called "TEDx in a Box", which is intended to enable people in developing countries to hold TEDx events. TEDx also expanded to include TEDxYouth events, TEDx corporate events, and TEDxWomen. TEDxYouth events are independent programs set up for students who are in grades 7–12. These events usually have audiences of people close to the age of the students and sometimes show TED Talks. According to TEDxSanta Cruz, "as of 2015, over 1,500 [TEDx events] have been scheduled all over the world."

TEDx events have evolved over time. Events such as TEDxBeaconStreet created TEDx Adventures for participants. People may sign up for free, hands-on experiences in their local communities, led by an expert.

A TEDx youth event license follows the same format as the standard event license and falls within the same TEDx event rules, except this event is oriented towards youth. TEDxYouth licenses may be held by youth, adults, or a combination of both. For events held at schools, the license must be held by a current student, faculty, or staff member. The first TEDxYouth event was held by TEDxYouth@Tokyo in Japan.

TED Fellows
TED Fellows were introduced in 2007, during the first TEDAfrica conference in Arusha, Tanzania, where 100 young people were selected from across the continent. Two years later, during TEDIndia, 99 fellows were recruited, mainly from South Asia.

In 2009, the fellows program was initiated in its present form. For every TED or TEDGlobal conference, 20 fellows are selected; a total of 40 new fellows a year. Each year, 20 past fellows are chosen to participate in the two-year senior fellows program (in which they will attend four more conferences).

2019 marked the tenth anniversary of the TED Fellows program.

Acceptance as a fellow is not based on academic credentials, but mainly on past and current actions, and plans for the future. Besides attending a conference free of charge, each fellow takes part in a special program with mentoring by experts in the field of spreading ideas, and can give a short talk on the "TED Fellows" stage. Some of these talks are subsequently published on TED.com. Senior fellows have additional benefits and responsibilities.

TED-Ed
TED-Ed is a YouTube channel from TED which creates short animated educational videos. It also has its own website. TED-Ed lessons are created in collaboration with educators and animators. Current advisers for TED-Ed lessons include Aaron Sams, Jackie Bezos, John Hunter, Jonathan Bergmann, Melinda French Gates, and Sal Khan. It has over 19.4 million subscribers as of January 2024.

TED Audio Collective
The TED Audio Collective is a collection of podcasts with over 25 shows.

One of those shows is the TED Interview podcast which launched on October 16, 2018, during which Chris Anderson holds conversations with speakers who have previously given a TED talk, providing the guest a chance to speak in greater depth about their background, projects, motivation, re-evaluation of past experiences, or plans for the future.

Each interview lasts between 45 minutes and about one hour. All podcasts are available on the TED website, in part together with transcripts, as well as through platforms such as Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, TuneIn, Stitcher, RadioPublic, Castbox, iHeartRadio, and BBC Radio 4 Extra.

Season Four began in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic as a live-stream broadcast co-hosted by Chris Anderson and Whitney Pennington Rodgers and often offered listeners the opportunity to submit questions to the speaker.

TEDMED
TEDMED is an annual conference concerned with health and medicine. It is an independent event operating under license from the nonprofit TED conference.

TEDMED was founded in 1998 by TED's founder Ricky Wurman. After years of inactivity, in 2008 Wurman sold TEDMED to entrepreneur Marc Hodosh, who recreated and relaunched it. The first event under Hodosh's ownership was held in San Diego in October 2009. In January 2010, TED.com began including videos of TEDMED talks on the TED website.

The second Hodosh-owned edition of TEDMED took place in October 2010, also in San Diego. It sold out for a second year and attracted notable healthcare leaders and Hollywood celebrities.

In 2011, Jay Walker and a group of executives and investors purchased TEDMED from Hodosh for $16 million with future additional payments of as much as $9 million. The conference was then moved to Washington, DC.

TEDWomen
TEDWomen is an annual three-day conference. Established in 2010, TEDWomen features speakers focused on women-oriented themes, including gender issues and reproductive health. There are over 130 TEDWomen Talks available to watch on the TED website. Past speakers include former president Jimmy Carter, Hillary Clinton, Sheryl Sandberg, Madeleine Albright, Nancy Pelosi, and Halla Tómasdóttir.

TEDYouth
TEDYouth talks are aimed at middle school and high school students and feature information from youth innovators.

Other programs

 * TED@Work — A program that leverages TED content to inspire new ways of working in professional settings. This program provides ways for organizations and companies to license TED content for use in learning and talent development contexts.
 * TED Books — These are original books from TED. The initiative began in January 2011 as an ebook series and re-launched in September 2014 with its first book in print.
 * TedEd Clubs — An education based initiative to get young people (ages 8 to 18) to share their ideas with peers and others by giving a TED-like presentation on a topic. TED provides curricula and limited support for the Clubs free of charge.
 * TED Salon — Smaller evening-length events with speakers and performers.
 * TED Radio Hour — A radio program, with audio downloads and a podcast RSS feed, hosted by Manoush Zomorodi, previously Guy Raz and co-produced with NPR. Each episode uses multiple TED Talks to examine a common theme. Originated and executive produced by Deron Triff and June Cohen, the first episode was broadcast in 2012.
 * TEDx Talks is a YouTube channel which is ranked No. 1 globally for a non profit (2021). The channel has approximately 30m subscribers and 800m views with estimated revenues of between $24.5K – $391.6K monthly.
 * TED Countdown is a global initiative, powered by TED and Future Stewards, to accelerate solutions to the climate crisis. The goal: to build a better future by cutting greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2030 towards reaching net zero by 2050. Launched 2020 online, summit 2021 in Edinburgh, Scotland.
 * TED also offers other podcasts such as Sincerely, X (featuring anonymous TED Talks) and Work / Life which discusses creative workplaces.

Pricing
Speakers and performers at official TED events are not compensated.

Journalist Frank Swain refused to participate in a TEDx event without being paid. He said that it was unacceptable that TED, a non-profit organization, charged attendees $6,000 but prohibited organizers of the smaller, independently organized TEDx events from paying speakers.

Sarah Lacy of BusinessWeek and TechCrunch wrote in 2010 that TED attendees complained of elitism from a "hierarchy of parties throughout the LA area with strict lists and security" after the sessions. She gave credit for freely live-streaming and posting videos of its talks.

TED Talk content
Disagreements have also occurred between TED speakers and organizers. In her 2010 TED Talk, comedian Sarah Silverman referred to adopting a "retarded" child. TED organizer Chris Anderson objected via his Twitter account, leading to a conflict between them conducted over Twitter.

Also in 2010, statistician Nassim Taleb called TED a "monstrosity that turns scientists and thinkers into low-level entertainers, like circus performers". He claimed TED curators did not initially post his talk "warning about the financial crisis" on their site on purely cosmetic grounds.

In May 2012, venture capitalist Nick Hanauer spoke at TED University, challenging the belief that top income earners in America were the engines of job creation. TED attracted controversy when it chose not to post Hanauer's talk on their website. His talk analysed the top rate of tax versus unemployment and economic equality. TED was accused of censoring the talk by not posting it.

On May 7, 2012, TED curator Chris Anderson, in an email to Hanauer, commented on his decision and took issue with several of Hanauer's assertions in the talk, including the idea that businesspeople were not job creators. He also made clear his aversion to the talk's "political nature": "I agree with your language about ecosystems, and your dismissal of some of the mechanistic economy orthodoxy, yet many of your own statements seem to go further than those arguments justify. But even if the talk was rated a home run, we couldn't release it, because it would be unquestionably regarded as out and out political. We're in the middle of an election year in the US. Your argument comes down firmly on the side of one party. And you even reference that at the start of the talk. TED is nonpartisan and is fighting a constant battle with TEDx organizers to respect that principle... Nick, I personally share your disgust at the growth in inequality in the US, and would love to have found a way to give people a clearer mindset on the issue, without stoking a tedious partisan rehash of all the arguments we hear every day in the mainstream media. Alas, my judgement is that publishing your talk would not meet that goal." The National Journal reported that Anderson considered Hanauer's talk one of the most politically controversial they had produced, and they needed to be careful about when they posted it. Anderson responded on his personal blog that TED posted only one talk each day, selected from many. Forbes staff writer Bruce Upbin noted that Hanauer's claim of a relationship between tax rates and unemployment was based entirely on falsified unemployment data, while New York magazine condemned TED's move.

Following a TEDx talk by parapsychologist Rupert Sheldrake, TED issued a statement saying their scientific advisors believed that "there is little evidence for some of Sheldrake's more radical claims", and recommended that it "should not be distributed without being framed with caution". The video was moved from the TEDx YouTube channel to the TED blog, accompanied by such framing language. This prompted accusations of censorship, which TED rebutted by pointing out that Sheldrake's talk was still on their website. A 2013 talk by Graham Hancock, promoting the use of the drug DMT, was treated the same way.

According to professor Benjamin Bratton at University of California, San Diego, TED Talks' efforts at fostering progress in socio-economics, science, philosophy and technology have been ineffective. Chris Anderson responded that some critics misunderstood TED's goals, failing to recognise that it aimed to instill excitement in audiences in the same ways speakers felt it. He said that TED wished only to bring awareness of significant topics to larger audiences.

In popular culture
The Alien franchise features a fictional portrayal of a 2023 TED Conference, in the form of a short film called "The Peter Weyland Files: TED Conference, 2023". It was a part of the viral marketing campaign for the franchise's film Prometheus (2012).

Episode 08, season 20 of the animated TV series Family Guy features a cutaway scene of Peter Griffin giving a TED talk about birthdays.

Australian alternative rock band TISM parodied TED talks at their 2 March 2024 concert in Launceston, Tasmania as "TISM Talks", which included a skit parodying TED talks running behind the band for the duration of the show.

Episode 16 of Series 2 of the TV series Elementary "The One Percent Solution" features ex-Scotland Yard Inspector Gareth Lestrade presenting a "DUG Chat". According to a tweet from the @ELEMENTARYstaff Twitter account "We had to call them "Dug" chats because we weren't allowed to use the name 'Ted Talk'".

title: TED (conference)


text:
Yumthang Valley of Flowers

The Yumthang Valley or Sikkim Valley of Flowers sanctuary, is a nature sanctuary with river, hot springs, yaks and grazing pasture on rolling meadows surrounded by the Himalayan mountains in Yumthang in the Mangan district of Sikkim state in India. It is approx. 75 km from Mangan town, the district headquarters. It is at an elevation of 3,564 m above msl at a distance of 150 km from the state capital Gangtok.

It is popularly known as 'Valley of Flowers' and is home to the Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary, which has over twenty-four species of the rhododendron, the state flower. The flowering season is from late February and to mid June, when countless flowers bloom to carpet the valley in multicolored hues of rainbow. A tributary of the river Teesta flows past the valley and the town of Lachung, the nearest inhabited centre. Yumthang is closed between December and March due to heavy snowfall. There is also a hot spring in the valley.

A forest rest house is the only permanent residence in the valley. During the spring months, the area blooms with rhododendrons, primulas, poppies, iris and other flora. During the summer months, villagers take their cattle to these heights to graze (a practice known as yaylag pastoralism). In view of increasing number of tourists, there is possibility of environmental degradation in near future. Skiing is conducted in the valley.

Transportation by road
Tourists may travel from Gangtok to Lachung (the nearest village where accommodation is available) by booking a full vehicle or shared one and stay over night. A direct journey to Yumthang is not feasible as roads are commonly foggy and it becomes dark very early around 5:30 pm. A trip to the Valley takes around two hours from Lachung, which is about 125 km from Gangtok.

title: Yumthang Valley of Flowers


text:
Inter-Canadien

Inter-Canadien was a Canadian airline headquartered in Dorval, Quebec.

History
Inter-Canadien traces its roots back to Quebecair, which was founded in 1949. Quebecair grew to become a second-tier regional airline, operating British Aircraft Corporation BAC One-Eleven, Boeing 727-100, Boeing 737-200, and Fokker F28 Fellowship jets, as well as Convair 580, Fairchild F-27, and Hawker Siddeley HS 748 turboprops and other propeller aircraft on routes throughout the province of Quebec, New Brunswick, and elsewhere in eastern Canada. In 1986, Quebecair was purchased by PWA Corporation (owner of Pacific Western Airlines), the parent of Canadian Airlines International, and merged with the regional subsidiary of Nordair, another Montreal-based airline that had also been acquired by PWA Corporation.

In the late 1980s, Inter-Canadien rolled over its fleet, becoming the North American launch customer for the Fokker 100 twin jet and the first Canadian operator of the ATR 42 turboprop. At the same time, Canadian Airlines International sold control of Inter-Canadien to local businessman Michel Leblanc, but the airline continued to operate as a code-share partner of Canadian's.

In 1990, Inter-Canadien cancelled its code-share agreement and began competing with Canadian Airlines International and Air Canada on high density routes between Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, and Halifax. This new business plan was a failure, ending with Inter-Canadien entering court protection in 1991. Canadian Airlines International then repurchased the airline, returning it to its role as Canadian's Quebec feeder airline, disposing of the Fokker 100s, and standardizing the fleet on the ATR 42. In 1996, Inter-Canadien became a wholly owned subsidiary of Canadian Regional Airlines, then the largest regional carrier in Canada and itself owned by Canadian Airlines International.

In September 1998, Canadian Regional sold Inter-Canadien to Canadian Investors Group, a Toronto-based investment company owned by Robert Myhill and his partners. At the same time, Canadian Airlines International cancelled its code-share agreement with Air Atlantic and transferred Air Atlantic's routes in Atlantic Canada to Inter-Canadien. It also transferred a number of Canadian Regional Airlines routes in Ontario. As a result, Inter-Canadien almost doubled in size, increasing its fleet from ten ATR 42s to 16 ATR propjets and three Fokker F28 Fellowship twin jets operating on a route network that reached from St, John's, Newfoundland, in the east to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, in the west. In July 1999, the airline announced an order for six new Embraer ERJ-135 regional jets, but these jets were never operated by the airline.

Inter-Canadien suspended flight operations November 27, 1999, concurrent with the collapse of its code-share partner, Canadian Airlines International (which was acquired by Air Canada). The airline entered bankruptcy in April 2000. Its hangar facilities and maintenance licences were acquired by ExelTech Aerospace.

Management

 * CEO Robert Myhill (1998-1999)
 * Vice President, Customer Service Michel Gagné (-1999)
 * Director, Human Resources Alain Desgagné, CHRP (1995-1999)
 * Director, Flight Operations Robert Learchaft (1998-1999)
 * Director, Maintenance Wayne Donald (1996-1999)

Staff

 * 1,100 staff (1999)
 * 400 pilots (1999)

Fleet

 * ATR-42-300 (1988-1999)
 * Fokker F28 Fellowship (1998-1999)
 * Fokker 100 (1987-1991)

Hubs and destinations
When it ceased flight operations in 1999, Inter-Canadien was flying to 28 destinations in Canada:

 * Ontario
 * Kingston
 * London
 * Sault Ste Marie
 * Ottawa
 * Toronto - Hub
 * Quebec
 * Bagotville
 * Baie Comeau
 * Chibougamau
 * Gaspe
 * Iles de la Madeilaine
 * La Grande
 * Mont Joli
 * Montreal - Hub
 * Quebec City
 * Rouyn-Noranda
 * Sept-Iles
 * Val d'Or
 * Atlantic Canada
 * Charlo
 * Charlottetown
 * Chatham
 * Deer Lake
 * Fredericton
 * Gander
 * Halifax - Hub
 * Moncton
 * Saint John
 * St John's
 * Stephenville
 * Sydney
 * Wabush

title: Inter-Canadien


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dan Hoerner

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 19:01, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Dan Hoerner
Unverifiable vanity or hoax. Which is it? GRider\talk 19:47, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

He has also recorded a soundtrack. Capitalistroadster 09:56, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Neither. Actual person, actual book, but person is more notable for being guitarist for Sunny Day Real Estate.  Article improved a bit. Gamaliel 20:05, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete . non-notable author of a non-notable book, disturbing or not. -R. fiend 20:05, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No vote at present. It seems this article is short enough that everything here could be included at Sunny Day Real Estate. -R. fiend 14:24, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep even besides the book, Sunny Day Real Estate members would be notable. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 20:39, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * PS: I have to ask: how would this be "unverifiable" exactly? I fully understand that many people haven't heard of this person, but it takes a second or two to verify on Google. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  20:42, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to be clear here, have you verified that this is the same Dan Hoerner? I may withdraw my vote if its true and if the article is expanded to establish notability. If all this guy did was write one childrens book which got me a few dozen google hits then I will stay with delete. -R. fiend 21:47, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Same guy: Gamaliel 21:51, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, possible self-promotion/vanity. Megan1967 22:38, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge with Sunny Day Real Estate Kappa 02:45, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with SDRE. Radiant! 09:10, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. If my rotten computer hadn't twice crashed on me tonight, I would have rewritten this article. The Sunny Day Real Estate web page confirms him as the author of the book. He recorded an EP with Dashboard Confessional in 2001 see.
 * Keep. Notable.--Centauri 12:31, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Behdad

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. --Pouya 19:48, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The quake
2005 Zarand earthquake --Pouya 21:05, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

New template
Dorud. Maybe you would like to add this new template to your user page:

--Mani1 18:29, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Take care.

 * Thanks Mani. I moved the templates to the user page. Behdad 00:34, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Qiyamah
Any expertise you could lend to the Qiyamah page would be much appreciated. Thanks. freestylefrappe 02:58, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

Birthday
--User:Jenmoa 03:25, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey. Welcome! Generally, if one wants to have the whole conversation together, it's done through copying and pasting, not cutting and pasting. You don't have to do that, I don't think. It's more a matter of personal preference. Some people hate having fragmented discussions. --User:Jenmoa 15:42, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

Rapid Deletion
Hi there. I would have been happier if you have had left a couple comments behind (*) on why you reverted my rapid deletion candidates: Information Technology Channel and Ruzbeh. I left comment in their talk pages about why I believe they should be deleted. Thanks. Behdad 07:30, 26 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Neither article is an attempt to correspond - it is ridiculous to say so. Both should go through AfD if you don't like them. -- RHaworth 07:51, 26 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, my misunderstanding. Thanks.Behdad 08:31, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

(*) - yes, I do apologise - wrollback was wrong - I should have left a note in the edit summary. (Just for interest sake, here is an example of a real attempt to communicate, recently posted with the silly title of Text finishing mark:) -- RHaworth 05:20, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

Hello Please Can You Help I do not speak Italian but have a translater. I am trying to trace my family origin and history the only information I have is that my family came from the north of Italy I think, we have something to do with wine making and we have a family crest if you can help I would be forever grateful thank you.

my grandfathers name is "ernesto vincenzini" and my late aunty VINCENZINI,Cleofina Mabel both born in Italy

My maiden name is Pauline Vincenzini my married name is Sheldrick, you can email me at acmla@acmla.com.au

Persians
The user Aucaman has been vandalizing Persian people, as well as several other Iran-related articles, claiming that "modern Persians are mix of Arabs and Mongols" editing the article, or adding a dispute tag, based on his own personal assumptions and conclusions without any valid source to support such outrageous revisionist theory. If you have an opinion on this topic, please join the Talk:Persian_people, so we can reach a consensus for the removal of the "dispute tag". --ManiF 18:38, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Iranian Watchdog
Aucaman and a few others like Heja Helweda and Diyako have been repeatedly and systematically vandalizing the Iran-related topics such as Persian people and Iranian peoples, propagating false information, maliciously editing/disputing/deleting without one shred of proof to backup their wild claims, applying the strawman falsification approach, trying to establish new 'facts" based on their own personal assumptions and beliefs.

In order to prevent this situation, we need to create an Iranian Watchdog on Wikipedia and guard the integrity and quality of all the Wikipedia articles that are related to Iran and Iranians. Please let me know if you think that's a good idea. --ManiF 13:09, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Wikiproject Iran
Please keep an eye on ths Open Tasks template, and make use of it. deeptrivia (talk) 03:34, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

I thought you might be interested in this. Endorse if you agree with the case. --ManiF 16:04, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Mazandarani Wikipedia
i don't think that creation of mazandarani may hurt anyone or groups or even any languages, i speak persian as well and i love it ! but i love mazandarani more than it, whenever my mazandarani language is not better than persian, i know in mazandaran youth people are speaking persian or mazandarani or both, So creation of mazandarani prevent forgetting it in wiki because there are alot of youth people are working in this project, and what is your suggestions ? --Ali 11:44, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Iranian Azerbaijan
Hi there,

I just wanted to let you know that user, khoikhoi (MOD) keeps including the very offensive term, "south azerbaijan" on the Iranian Azerbaijan page. We should not let him post this propoganda and false information. That term has no place in an encycolpedia article. It is not relevent to the content. What a few seperatists call that region should not be shown here. If we dont stop this, people will start including the "a#abian gulf" as an alternate name on the Persian gulf page.

KhodahafesDariush4444 04:21, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Hi,

I just wanted to thank you for your Persian editor. It's really helpful. By the way, don't you contribute in Persian Wikipedia? Bidabadi 06:20, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Pango
Hi there. I saw in the changelog that you're the maintainer. That's cool. You do know that technically I guess that means you shouldn't write the article (see vanity articles, NPOV etc). I think it'll be fine, but maybe not list yourself, but either let someone else do that, or use your organisation (are Red hat helping). Just it's easy for everyone to see it's a vanity article else, regards Widefox 15:51, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

Two Articles in need of your attention
There are two entries at Wikipedia, which have falsely created -- they are Turco-Persian and Turko-Persian Tradition. Both entries are factitious. I have requested the entries to be deleted. My reasons are:
 * The term Turko-Persian Tradition (or Turco-Persian) does not exists academically and it is a factitious entry! Check the Encyclopaedia Iranica to confirm -- The correct name for that culture is the Persianate culture not the "Turko-Persian". Turkophones (mostly of mixed race and Persianized in culture) only spoke in Turkic dialects and were in the military. That is not enough participation in creating and forming the culture to deserve the name "Turko-Persian Tradition" – This is misinformation. All the elements in that area, which have to do with tradition and culture, were drawn from the Iranian culture (Persian, Kurdish, Azari, Baluchi, Tajik, Luri, Gilaki, Talishi, Mazandarani, etc.), and the Islamic faith, not much Turkic elements (like shamanism, yurts etc.) were incorporated in. That is what makes the name "Turko-Persian" an imaginary one and therefore the entry should be deleted.

Any contributions would greatly appreciated. Bā Sepās Surena 02:22, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

GNU FriBidi
A tag has been placed on GNU FriBidi, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable, that is, why an article about that subject should be included in Wikipedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert notability may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, and if you can indicate why the subject of this article is notable, you may contest the tagging. To do this, add  on the top of the page (below the existing db tag) and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Steve (Slf67)talk 08:38, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for taking the time to add justification to the talk page regarding the deletion. My tagging was as a result of my mistyping the program name in my Google search and so getting far less the the ~1,000,000 hits! If there was any implication that your software was a trivial contribution to GNU than I apologise as that was not my intention. Best regards --Steve (Slf67)talk 02:56, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

We need your help
Dear Behdad,

I believe you are one of the two admins of FarsiTools project on SourceForge. TrayLayout, one of the most useful tools for easy Persian typing, has been downloaded fro SourceForge web site ever since. However, as you may know, this software is not compatible with Windows Vista, originally.

I tricked it with reverse engineering the code and changing one line in the assembly, and it now works successfully in Vista. However, if you have access to the source code, you can make the desired change there, and upload a newer version to the sourceforge project page.

I hope you oblige and respond to this request. Otherwise, we have to upload the cracked version on a different web host, for future Vista users.

Best regards,

huji— TALK 20:57, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Sir,

I think I have some extended answer from your side. However, this discussion is totally off-topic in Wikipedia. Please confirm that you may receive my emails if I send you an email on your @sourceforge.net email address, and I will contact you in private. Otherwise, please use the "E-mail this user" link on my user page, to send me your email address.

Special thanks,

huji— TALK 15:50, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

In Remembrance...
--nat Alo! Salut! Sunt eu, un haiduc?!?! 23:48, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of GNU FriBidi
An article that you have been involved in editing, GNU FriBidi, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/GNU FriBidi. Thank you. Schuy m 1 (talk ) 15:07, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

Persian names
I wish to know the original Pesian names of the following Persian saints from the court of Shapur II martyred by Shapur II. In orthodox church we use only their Greek translations. Can you translate them back into Persian from English?

As is often the case in church hymns, there is a play on the meanings of these Persian saints' names here. Acindynus means "unimperilled"; Pegasius is derived from pegazo--"to gush forth"; Aphthonius is derived from aphthonos-"abundant"; Elpidephorus means "hope-bearing"; Anempodistus means "unhindered." These are all Greek translations of their Persian names.

It is important to me becase my two twin boys were born on their day (in Orthodox church we celebrate their memory Nov 15) and so they appear to be heavenly patrons of my children. You can read more about these Persian saints at: http://www.goarch.org/chapel/saints/270

--Roman Zacharij (talk) 00:26, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

Wikimania 2011
I'm not sure if you are on the mailing list for Wikimedia Canada, so that's why I left you this message. You're previously involved in bid process for hosting Wikimania in Toronto. Right now we're forming a bid team for Wikimania in 2011. Would you be interested? OhanaUnitedTalk page 17:16, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

Notification of automated file description generation
Your upload of File:Behdad Esfahbod.jpg or contribution to its description is noted, and thanks (even if belatedly) for your contribution. In order to help make better use of the media, an attempt has been made by an automated process to identify and add certain information to the media's description page.

This notification is placed on your talk page because a bot has identified you either as the uploader of the file, or as a contributor to its metadata. It would be appreciated if you could carefully review the information the bot added. To opt out of these notifications, please follow the instructions here. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 13:07, 30 January 2014 (UTC)

File:Behdad Esfahbod.jpg listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Behdad Esfahbod.jpg, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. ATTENTION : This is an automated, bot-generated message. This bot DID NOT nominate any file(s) for deletion; please refer to the page history of each individual file for details. Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 23:50, 24 December 2016 (UTC)

لطفا مقاله‌های خودتون در ویکی‌فا را پیگیری و رسیدگی کنید
سلام. اگر شما واقعاً خود «بهداد اسفهبد» هستید لطفاً مقالات مرتبط با خودتون را در ویکی‌فا رسیدگی و پیگیری نمایید. یه بنده خدا مشکل داشت با صفحه‌کلید استاندارد فارسی که نمی‌دونم حل شد مشکلش یا نه:

w:fa:بحث:بهداد اسفهبد

با احترام و سپاس

Editor-1 (talk) 12:27, 6 May 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Behdad


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dan Biocchi

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus to delete. Rhobite 06:37, Mar 7, 2005 (UTC)

Dan Biocchi
Are members of the Green Party of Canada who have two children from two seperate mothers inherently notworthy? If not, how is notability currently being illustrated in this article? GRider\talk 19:50, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. A bio of elements of his personal life. Apparently hasn't even been elected to anything. Has he even run? Zero content. -R. fiend 20:02, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, he got 2,699 votes in the 2004 Canadian election. - SimonP 21:12, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * ...and came in 4th out of 4 people, with less than half the votes that the #3 guy got. Lots of elections have minor candidates, who run as a political exercise instead of a serious attempt to win.  They don't all need articles. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  21:30, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Running for what? Parliament? So we're going to have a page on every person who's ever run for any office? <3000 votes isn't a hell of a lot anyway. Clearly not notable. -R. fiend 21:19, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Do we not have bios for everyone who has run for President of the US or Congress? --Spinboy 21:21, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm pretty sure we don't, actually. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 21:30, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * President, yes (or at least probably), Congress? You've got to be kidding, right? We're not even close to having biographies for everyone who's ever been elected to Congress, much less run for it. Running for an office and losing (especially being 4th out of 4) is about as unremarkable as it gets. And have you read the article? It reads like high school vanity. -R. fiend 21:43, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * We don't have articles for everyone who's ever run for Congress, and running for President is a false analogy which sets no valid precedent here. Bearcat 06:50, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: Actually, winning 2699 as a Green is notable, but the article should be expanded to say that, and identify where he ran, what % of the vote he got and how far behind the big three candidates he was. Kevintoronto 21:33, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I don't think that people that belong to a political party and have run for some kind of office and failed are notable enough for wikipedia--nixie 22:02, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable enough. cannot have a page on every candidate running for every office. kaal 23:17, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but with reservations. Article needs expansion. Megan1967 23:52, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry Megan, but are you voting to keep a guy who once ran for Canadian Parliament, placing 4th out of 4, while voting to delete Adrian John Flook, and actual member of British Parliament? I'm just trying to figure out where you're coming from here. -R. fiend 05:18, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm, I agree... that does seem a bit strange. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 22:06, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, according to the link he was an Olympic athlete. Kappa 02:49, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep 2,699 votes warrants notability in my books. Earl Andrew 06:13, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't (and won't) subscribe to the notion that Wikipedia should have an article on every single person who's ever run for any political office whatsoever. I can support minor candidates when they (a) got a significant amount of media attention, (b) are already notable for other reasons and their losing political campaign is just an extra fact about them, (c) are leaders of minor parties, or (d) are notable specifically as perennial candidates. This guy fits under (b), as Kappa notes, so keep, but make sure the article notes his Olympic history. Bearcat 06:35, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur with Bearcat, those are good criteria. Radiant! 09:08, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. All candidates for public office are notable.--Centauri 12:33, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Not all candidates for public office are automatically notable. Bearcat's criteria are a good start.  2) Not all athletes, even Olympic athletes, are automatically notable.  Here is the description of his Olympic career .  Biocchi was also a part of the Canadian contingent competing at the 1976 Montreal Olympics. He was one leg of the Canadian 4x100 metre relay team that finished eighth.  Politely, delete.  By the way, my dentist was an Olympic figure skater for Czechoslovakia.  He has great stories but he's not encyclopedic either.  Rossami (talk) 23:45, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The idea that all candidates for office are notable is completely absurd. To carry out this idea to its logical conclusion, we'd have to include anyone (living or dead) who has ever been a candidate for any public office at any level in any country. I think the number of people who fit that criteria would be slightly higher than the number of Pokemon. Carrp | Talk 23:53, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable enough. ComCat 08:56, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: He can come back when he's famous. Giano 15:39, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not everyone soundly trounced in a Canadian election is notable. —Korath (Talk) 18:54, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep--ZayZayEM 01:34, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. He was an also-ran in the election, and an also-ran at the Olympics.  Neither one is notable.  -- James Teterenko (talk) 05:26, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)


text:
Opel Meriva

The Opel Meriva is a car manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Opel on its Corsa platform, from May 2003 until June 2017 across two generations. Described as a mini MPV, it was marketed as the Vauxhall Meriva in the United Kingdom, while in Latin America, the first generation model was marketed as the Chevrolet Meriva.

First generation (2003)
The first generation, named "Meriva A", was based on the third generation Opel Corsa C. It went on sale in May 2003. The first official pictures of the Meriva were released in August 2002. It has been described as a mini MPV, a supermini-MPV, a small people carrier, and an estate car.

Like its larger counterpart, the Zafira, the Meriva has a flexible interior, marketed as "FlexSpace". Although it only has five seats divided into two rows, the second row can slide forward or backward, or be flattened into the floor, making a flat, level platform for increased boot space. The second row can accommodate two or three passengers.

In the two passenger mode, the seats are separated from the doors and from each other much like the front seats. In three passenger mode, the back seat looks like a regular one-piece seat. The front seat can be pushed fully backwards.

The Meriva was sold in South America (except in Chile) from 2003 through 2012 (2013 in Argentina) as the "Chevrolet Meriva", and was replaced in 2012 by the Chevrolet Spin. The initial version had been co-developed by Opel and General Motors do Brasil. It was built in São José dos Campos, Brazil.

Initial launch
From launch, there were three petrol engines and one diesel engine. In 2005, the 1.6 8 v petrol engine was replaced with the more powerful and efficient 1.4 engine. The 1.6 turbo was available with a six speed manual gearbox as standard, and the other engines had five speed manual gearboxes as standard. The 1.6 (16v) and 1.8 petrols were available with five speed 'Easytronic' gearboxes as options.

Petrol

 * 1.0
 * 1.4 Twinport, with 90 PS (since 2005)
 * 1.6 (8 v), with 85 PS
 * 1.6 (16 v), with 110 PS
 * 1.8, with 125 PS

Both 1.4 and 1.8 were available as flexfuel in Brazil.

Diesel

 * 1.7 CDTI, with 100 PS

Facelift
Petrol

 * 1.4 Twinport, with 90 PS
 * 1.6 Twinport 105 PS
 * 1.8, with 125 PS
 * 1.6 turbo, with 180 PS (OPC/VXR model only)

Diesel

 * 1.3 CDTI, with 75 PS
 * 1.7 CDTI, with 100 PS
 * 1.7 CDTI, with 125 PS

Facelift
When the Meriva was facelifted in February 2006, the front and rear ends were revised, and three new or revised engines came along as well as an extra trim level, the OPC/VXR.

Safety
The Meriva in its standard European market configuration received four stars for adult occupants and one star for pedestrians from Euro NCAP in 2003.

The Meriva in its most basic Latin American market configuration with one airbag received three stars for adult occupants and one star for toddlers from Latin NCAP in 2010.

Second generation (2010)
The second generation, named "Meriva B", is slightly larger in size than the previous generation. It has been described as a compact MPV, a supermini-MPV, a small people carrier, a small family car, and an estate car.

The market launch took place on 12 June 2010. The Meriva B appeared in November 2009. The new model is 4288 mm in length, up from the 4052 mm of the previous version, which was based on the Corsa. The new model uses revised suspension layout from the former version but with a floorpan associated with the seven seater Zafira Tourer. The interior is similar to that of the 2009 to 2015 Astra and Insignia.

The new Meriva uses front seat technology from the Insignia and Astra. The seat adjustment range is 240 mm in length and 65 mm in height.

The Meriva B debuted at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show in March, and went into production in July 2010. The Meriva has rear-hinged rear doors, marketed as "FlexDoors". A panoramic sunroof is also available as standard on the top spec versions.

The Meriva B ended production in June 2017, and was replaced by an urban crossover named the Crossland X, and also a transition from MPV to SUV design, sister of the future replacement of the Citroën C3 Picasso.

Engines
From launch, the Meriva was available with five engines (three petrol, two diesel). The 1.7 diesel was only available with a six speed automatic gearbox, and the 1.4 turbo (140 PS) and 1.7 (130 hp) were only available with a six speed manual gearbox. Since September 2010, two more engines became available, both diesel, the 1.3 (95 hp) and the 1.7 (130 hp). All petrol engines are Ecotec.

From 2011, Stop/Start was added to certain engines (engines with (S/S) are bold in column), a cleaner, more powerful 1.7 CDTI auto was added, and the petrol engines became slightly more efficient. A six speed automatic gearbox became available for the 1.4T (120) petrol engine.

In January 2014. Opel introduced newly developed engine with restyled Meriva: 1.6 CDTI engine with 95 PS, 110 PS, and 136 PS.

Safety
The Meriva in its standard European market configuration received 5 stars from Euro NCAP in 2010.

Facelift
A facelifted version was presented as a world premiere at the Brussels International Motor Show in January 2014. It was also presented at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2013.

title: Opel Meriva


text:
Geir

Geir is a masculine name commonly given in Norway and Iceland. It is derived from Old Norse geirr "spear", a common name element in Germanic names in general, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (whence also Old High German gêr, Old English gâr, Gothic gaisu).

The popularity of the given name peaked in Norway during the 1950s to 1980s, with above 2% of newly born boys named Geir during the late 1960s to 1970s. As of 2014, the National statistics office of Norway recorded 22,380 men with the given name, or 0.9% of total male population. The Old Norse spelling Geirr is also rarely given (89 individuals in Norway as of 2014). Geir is also rarely given in Sweden and Denmark.

While Geir was practically unused as a given name prior to the 1930s (and since the 2000s), -geir is the second element in a number of given names inherited from Old Norse, the most popularly given being Asgeir and Torgeir. These are a remnant of a much larger group of names including the geirr element in Old Norse.

Notable people called Geir include:

 * Geir Bjørklund (born 1969), Norwegian researcher, medical/health science writer, and editor
 * Geir Digerud (born 1956), Norwegian cyclist
 * Geir Gripsrud (born 1948), Norwegian organizational theorist
 * Geir Haarde (born 1951), Prime Minister of Iceland (2006–2009)
 * Geir Hafredahl (born 1962), Norwegian politician
 * Geir Hallgrímsson (1925–1990), Prime Minister of Iceland (1974–1978)
 * Geir Hasund (born 1971), Norwegian footballer
 * Geir Helgemo (born 1970), Norwegian contract bridge player
 * Geir Ivarsøy (1957–2006), Norwegian programmer at Opera Software
 * Geir Jenssen (born 1962), Norwegian musician best known under the recording name Biosphere
 * Geir Hansteen Jörgensen (born 1968), Swedish film director
 * Geir Karlstad (born 1963), Norwegian speed skater, Olympic gold and bronze medalist
 * Geir Lippestad (born 1964), Norwegian lawyer and politician
 * Geir Moen (born 1969), Norwegian sprinter
 * Geir Suursild (born 1994), Estonian rower
 * Geir Sveinsson (born 1964), Icelandic handball player
 * Geirr Tveitt (1908–1981), Norwegian composer
 * Geir Zahl (born 1975), Norwegian musician

title: Geir


text:
Rangpo

Rangpo is a Municipal town in Pakyong district in the Indian state of Sikkim. The town borders West Bengal's Kalimpong district and is situated along the Teesta river and Rangpo River. It is the first town of Sikkim lying on National Highway 10 that links Siliguri to Gangtok. It is about 300 m above sea level with a sub-tropical climate. It is the 'Gateway to Sikkim' and all vehicles entering Sikkim have to stop at the Rangpo Police check-post. Foreign tourists require documents to enter Sikkim state and have to show them at the police check post.

Geography
Rangpo is located at 27.18°N, 88.53°W. It has an average elevation of 333 metres (1093 feet). The town lies on the belt of two rivers, River Teesta which comes from Dikchu-Singtam-Majitar side, and River Rangpo which comes from Rongli-Rorathang-Kumrek side. Both rivers meet each other below the town. The conjunction point is named as Indrakil Prayag and is considered as a holy place by Hindus. Since River Teesta is the largest river and River Rangpo the third largest river of Sikkim so both rivers become violent during monsoon season especially between June and September; hence, sometimes the river overflows towards lower residential areas of the town and causes destruction.

Roadways
As Rangpo lies on NH-10, so frequent service jeeps and taxis are available to almost all cities and towns of Sikkim and cities/towns of West Bengal like Siliguri, Kalimpong, Darjeeling, Kurseong, Jaigaon, Malbazar, Bagdogra, Panitanki etc. In Rangpo, NH-10 is joined by following major roads:
 * Rorathang- Kumrek- Rangpo Road,
 * Namchi-Namthang-Rangpo Road and
 * Kalimpong-Munsoong-Rangpo Road.

Buses:

Frequent buses operated by Sikkim Nationalised Transport (SNT) are available from Rangpo to Sikkim Nationalised Transport Bus Terminus (Siliguri) and Gangtok, apart from it many private buses and NBSTC buses are available from the town to Gangtok, NJP Bus stand and Tenzing Norgay Bus Terminus, (Siliguri).

Railway
Rangpo railway station is the under construction railway station in Rangpo which falls under Sevoke-Rangpo Railway Line, Alipurduar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway. The nearby currently functioning railway stations are Sivok railway station - 55 km, Siliguri Junction -75 km and New Jalpaiguri Junction - 87 km.

Airways
The nearest airport is Pakyong Airport around 25 km away and Bagdogra International Airport around 90 km away.

Economy
There are many factories and companies in and nearby Rangpo. The areas like Mining, Kumrek, Chanatar etc. are home to many pharmaceutical and other factories/Industries. Rangpo Upper market along NH-10 is famous for Fast Food and Restaurants. There are many food stores in these areas. Areas like Upper market, lower market, IBM, Chanataar, Mining etc. are usually crowded.

The crops like Large Cardamom, Broom Plant (Kuccho) and Ginger are traded in large scale in the Rangpo Lower Market.

Attractions
The places of attraction in and around Rangpo are as follows:
 * Mining Cricket Stadium, Rangpo which belongs to Sikkim Cricket Association.
 * Atal Setu Bridge (The longest bridge of Sikkim) over River Rangpo.
 * Rangpo - Mining Teesta Bridge over River Teesta.
 * Indrakil Prayag (confluence point of River Teesta and River Rangpo.
 * Rangpo railway station which is under construction.
 * Gulmohar Picnic Spot, Kumrek.

Sports
Mining Cricket Stadium located at Rangpo, Pakyong district is the largest cricket stadium of entire Sikkim. The stadium belongs to Sikkim Cricket Association and hosts important cricket tournaments like Ranji Trophy, CK Nayudu Trophy, Cooch Behar Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy etc. It is the home ground of Sikkim cricket team.

Education
There are many educational institutions in Rangpo, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology lies in Majitar just 2 km away from Rangpo.

The famous schools of the town includes Rangpo Senior Secondary School, Chanataar Secondary School, New Horizon Academy, Little Bells School, Tiny tots School, Hans Raj Academy, Divya Jyoti Academy, Ivana Memorial School, Kumrek School, Grace Academy Kumrek etc.

Demographics
India census, Rangpo had a population of 3,724. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Rangpo has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 63%. In Rangpo, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Rangpo has a large population of Bhutias and persons of Nepali origin. Marwari and Bihari businessmen have settled in the town and own most of the shops among them are few old settlers in town who have history of business since 1912.

Sikkim Railway Project
The foundation stone for construction of a new railway line from Sevoke railway station (station code SVQ) to proposed Rangpo railway station on the border of Sikkim and West Bengal was laid in October 2009 by the vice president of India. In 2008, the line was proposed to be 53 km long with broad gauge track with only a few tunnels but the final alignment is 45 km long with more number of tunnels. Of this, 3.5 km will be in Sikkim state and the rest in West Bengal state. The track will have 28 bridges and 14 tunnels and 38.6 km of the track will be in tunnels. The track will be constructed through the foothills of the Kanchanjungha mountain range and the Teesta river valley. New railway stations will be constructed at Riayang, Geil Khola, Teesta Bazaar, Melli and Rangpo.

The Indian Railways signed a contract with the construction company, IRCON, only in May 2010 though the foundation stone had been laid in October 2009. The final alignment had not been fixed for the first 22 km through elephant sanctuary forest even in 2013 and the final clearance of environment ministry had not been received. To obtain approval of the environment and forest ministry, the railways made a proposal in February 2013 to install elephant sensors along the stretch of the proposed railway line in Mahananda elephant sanctuary or run the trains at a speed of only 20 km per hour in the forest area and stop when an elephant is sighted close to the track. People of two villages in East Sikkim, through which a 3.5 km stretch of the 45 km long railway line has been planned, had not agreed to give their land for laying the track.

The Supreme Court of India approved the project in February 2016 with strict guidelines of the National Wildlife Board that cleared the project in June 2015 but ordered restricted speed, wireless animal tracking sensors and allowed digging of tunnels only during daytime. However, a "No Objection Certificate" (NOC) was still needed from the gram sabhas (village councils) of all the villages in Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts in West Bengal through which the track will pass. The construction cannot start without the NOC. However, the Gram Sabhas do not exist due to non-holding of rural elections in the Hills for the past several years and therefore no NOC could be obtained. This is a catch 22 situation holding up the commencement of construction. The project cost has escalated from the estimated cost of Rs.13.4 billion in 2008 to Rs.60 billion and construction of the railway line has not started even in 2018. Railway Board chairman visited and met the Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) officials on 2 March 2018 to discuss the status of the project. Finally a NOC was issued by GTA on 11 April 2018 on behalf of the villages. However, no tender has been issued and no bid has been invited for the project after April 2018.

The railway line is needed for security and socio-economic reasons. The railway line will help troops and armaments move faster towards the Indo-Tibet border. The new railway line allow easier access to the rest of India through Siliguri. It will boost the state's economy and tourism.

Summary of Sikkim railway project

 * Estimated cost: Rs.1,340 crore (13.4 billion) in 2008 but may exceed Rs.60 billion when the project is completed in 2022.
 * Length of final alignment: 44.98 km
 * Length of track in Bengal: 41.54 km
 * Length of track in Sikkim: 3.44 km
 * Stations: Riang (or Riayang), Gailkhola (or Geil Khola), Teesta Bazaar, Melli and Rangpo
 * Nearest large junction: New Jalpaiguri (30 km from Sevoke through Siliguri junction)
 * Route under tunnels: 38.64 km (86%)
 * Number of bridges: 28
 * Number of tunnels: 14
 * Longest tunnel: 5.1 km

2023 Sikkim Flash Floods
2023 Sikkim Flash Floods has hit Rangpo around 2 am in the early morning of 4 October 2023. The flash flood created tremendous destruction in the city. Many people lost their life in this calamity. Many surviving people were shifted to relief camps immediately by the authorities. Many houses got washed away, many houses got submerged in the debris brought by the river teesta.

title: Rangpo


text:
2×4

2×4 or two by four may refer to:

Music

 * , a time signature in music
 * 2×4 (Guadalcanal Diary album), 1987
 * 2×4 (Einstürzende Neubauten album), 1984
 * 2×4 (Malachi Favors and Tatsu Aoki album), 1999
 * Two by Four, 1989 album by Marc Johnson
 * "2×4", a 1996 song by Metallica from their album Load
 * "2×4", a 1995 song by Blind Melon from their album Soup
 * "2×4", a 1984 song by The Fall from their album The Wonderful and Frightening World Of...
 * "2×4", a 1988 song by The U-Men from their album Step on a Bug

Other uses

 * 2by4 or 2x4, a 1998 American drama film
 * 2 inch × 4 inch profile dimensional lumber
 * 2×4 Roller Derby, a women's roller derby league in Argentina
 * Jonny 2×4, a character on the cartoon Ed, Edd n Eddy

title: 2×4


text:
Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol metropolitan area

The Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol metropolitan area is a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia, United States, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). It was formed in December 2003 by the merger of the Bristol, VA MSA and Kingsport–Bristol, TN–VA MSA.

As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 298,494 (though a July 1, 2009, estimate placed the population at 305,629).

MSA components
Four counties (two in Tennessee; two in Virginia) and one independent city are included in the area.

Tennessee

 * Hawkins County
 * Sullivan County

Virginia

 * Note: Since a state constitutional change in 1871, all cities in Virginia are independent cities that are not located in any county. The OMB considers these independent cities to be county-equivalents for the purpose of defining MSAs in Virginia.

 * Scott County
 * Washington County
 * Bristol (independent city)

Places with more than 50,000 inhabitants

 * Kingsport, Tennessee (principal city)
 * Johnson City, Tennessee (partial)

Places with 10,000 to 40,000 inhabitants

 * Bristol, Tennessee (principal city)
 * Bristol, Virginia (principal city)
 * Bloomingdale, Tennessee (census-designated place)

Places with less than 1,000 inhabitants

 * Bulls Gap, Tennessee
 * Damascus, Virginia
 * Clinchport, Virginia
 * Duffield, Virginia
 * Dungannon, Virginia
 * Nickelsville, Virginia

Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 298,484 people, 124,021 households, and 87,501 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 96.77% White, 1.84% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.70% of the population.

The median income for a household in the MSA was $30,460, and the median income for a family was $37,235. Males had a median income of $29,803 versus $21,312 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $17,202.

Combined statistical area
The Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol combined statistical area (CSA) is made up of five counties in Northeastern Tennessee as well as two counties and an independent city in Southwestern Virginia. The statistical area includes two metropolitan areas. As of the 2000 Census, the CSA had a population of 480,091 (though a July 1, 2007 estimate placed the population at 497,240).

Components

 * Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)
 * Johnson City (Carter County, TN; Unicoi County, TN; Washington County, TN)
 * Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol (Hawkins County, TN; Sullivan County, TN; Scott County, VA; Washington County, VA; City of Bristol, VA)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dagoberto Flores Rios

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Pending deletion:block compress error. Joyous 17:07, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

Dagoberto Flores Rios
Is this Colombian gang member notable and worthy of inclusion on Wikipedia? He receives one hit on Google, does he still pass "the test"? GRider\talk 19:56, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete just not notable enough. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 20:30, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 23:49, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, apparently head figure of major cartel. Kappa 02:44, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No, he's one of the head figures. And just like managers of most companies aren't that notable, neither is this guy. Delete. Radiant! 09:11, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - David Gerard 15:05, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless notability is established beyond being one of a group of people involved in a notable organization. -R. fiend 21:35, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable.  RickK 00:57, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Lise Payette

Lise Payette ( Ouimet; August 29, 1931 – September 5, 2018) was a Canadian politician, journalist, writer, and businesswoman. She was a Parti Québécois (PQ) minister under the leadership of Premier René Lévesque and National Assembly of Quebec member for the riding of Dorion. Originally a journalist, Payette became a television host in the 1960s. She left politics in 1981 and returned to a successful career in television production and writing.

Life and career
Payette was born in Verdun, Quebec, the daughter of Fernand Ouimet, a bus driver, and Cécile Chartier. She was educated in Montreal, Quebec. She started a career in journalism at a radio station in Trois-Rivières in 1954. She held various jobs, including editor of the weekly Frontier Rouyn-Noranda, host of the show La Femme dans le monde (The Woman in the World) at CKRN and secretary and public relations officer for the United Steelworkers of America. While living in Paris she wrote for Petit Journal at the Patrie, for New Journal, and for Châtelaine magazine.

Payette returned to Montreal where she worked on the television program Interdit aux hommes ("prohibited to men") for Radio-Canada. From 1965 to 1972, Payette worked on a series of animated television programs for the French and English networks of the CBC. From 1972-75, Payette was the host of the TV series Appelez moi Lise " (Call Me Lise) and Lise Lib. Payette was appointed President of the Quebec National Holidays Committee in 1975.

Payette held several portfolios in the René Lévesque government. She was Minister for Consumer Affairs, Cooperatives and Financial Institutions, the Minister of State for the Status of Women, and the Minister of State for Social Development. The phrase "Je me souviens" ("I remember") on Quebec vehicle license plates is attributed to Payette, replacing the old slogan of "La Belle Province". Payette was also instrumental in the founding of the SAAQ automobile insurance company of Quebec, and the updating of the Civil Code of Quebec, allowing two surnames for children.

During the campaign for the 1980 Quebec referendum Payette denounced women supporters of the "No" side as Yvettes (the name of a docile young girl in an old school textbook). She went so far as calling Claude Ryan's wife, Madeleine Guay, an "Yvette". This backfired spectacularly as "the Yvettes", led by Guay, held a number of political rallies in response to her remarks. As Donald Brittain put it in his documentary series of René Lévesque and Pierre Elliott Trudeau, The Champions, "The old women were proud to be 'Yvettes'. The young women resented being 'Yvettes'. Payette had galvanized them into a fighting force". The first of those rallies happened on March 30 when a group of 1,700 women held the brunch des Yvettes at the Château Frontenac in Quebec City. A major rally occurred at the Montreal Forum on April 7 when 14,000 women denounced the minister's declarations about women and manifested their support for the "No" side. This was the first major rally for the "No" side in the campaign. This would be followed by many more rallies, particularly by women groups. Lise Payette would eventually apologize for her remarks.

In 1981, Payette left political life and did not stand for re-election. She became a writer for television with a series of successful soap operas. She founded the television production company Focus, with whom she first conceived the documentary series "Les quatre chevaliers de l'apocalypse" and "Femmes" and other fiction series, as a producer or author.

In 2004, Payette began writing columns for the Journal de Montreal. In 2007, she switched to Le Devoir. Payette continued to write for the paper until May 6, 2016, when she signed off with the phrase "Le Devoir ends the chronicle of Lise Payette," without further explanation, although she has since claimed that editor Brian Myles let her go without explanation from one day to the next.

In 2007, Payette wrote a song for Celine Dion entitled "Je cherche l'ombre" which is included on Dion's D'Elles album.

In 1994, Payette was recognized as "Woman of the Year" by Canadian Women in Communications. Payette was awarded the Florence Bird Award by the International Centre for Human Rights and Development in 1997. She was awarded the Grand Prize of the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television, September 27, 1998.

In 2000, Payette was awarded the gold medal of the Mouvement national des Québécois, September 30, 2000. In 2001, she was made an Officer of the National Order of Quebec. In 2003, she received a lifetime achievement award from the Quebec Business Women's Network. In June 2009, she received an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Quebec in Montreal. Payette was awarded the Pierre-Vadeboncœur Prize in 2012 and the Guy-Price Mauffette Prize in 2014. Payette died at her home on September 5, 2018.

Payette defended former PQ premier Pauline Marois's failed legislation known as the Charter of Quebec Values, which would prohibit public servants from wearing religious garb at work. The proposal, seen to target Muslim women, was widely criticized even by some Quebec nationalists.

Her daughter, Dominique Payette, ran unsuccessfully for the PQ in the riding of Charlesbourg in the 2014 election.

Payette in 2016 defended her friend, the deceased film director Claude Jutra, about allegations that he sexually abused children that were revealed after his death.

In 2017, Payette tried to dissuade Quebec media personality Léa Clermont-Dion from proceeding with a complaint of sexual assault alleged against journalist Michel Venne.

Scenarios for TV

 * 2001 - 2003 : Les Super Mamies
 * 1995 - 1999 : Les Machos
 * 1992 : Montréal ville ouverte
 * 1991 - 1993 : Marilyn
 * 1989 - 1991 : Un signe de feu
 * 1986 - 1989 : Des dames de cœur
 * 1982 - 1986 : La Bonne Aventure

Filmography

 * 1989 : Disparaître
 * 2011 : Mémoires de députés, entrevue avec Lise Payette
 * 2014 : Un peu plus haut, un peu plus loin

Works

 * 1971 : Recettes pour un homme libre, Éditions du Jour
 * 1971 : Témoins de notre temps, Éditions du Jour
 * 1975 : On l'appelle toujours... Lise, Éditions La Presse
 * 1981 : Le Pouvoir ? Connais pas!, Québec Amérique (new edition 2010, Athéna Éditions)
 * 1986 : La Bonne Aventure, Québec Amérique
 * 1996 : Le Chemin de l'égalité, Éditions Fides
 * Preface for L'enjeu, Ken Dryden, Éditions du Trécarré
 * 1997 : Des femmes d'honneur : une vie privée 1931-1968, Éditions Libre Expression
 * 1997 : Des femmes d'honneur : une vie publique 1968-1976, Éditions Libre Expression
 * 1999 : Des femmes d'honneur : Une vie engagée, 1976-2000, Éditions Libre Expression
 * 2012 : Le Mal du pays, Lux Éditeur

title: Lise Payette


text:
Talk:GM Family 1 engine

Opel/Vauxhall Ecotecs
GM is now using the Ecotec name just as extensively as Ford uses its Duratec. It may come unnoticed by US public, but the entire range of Opel diesels is produced by Fiat, yet it is marked as Ecotec CDI, and obviously different low-displacement petrol engines in use by Opel and Vauxhall are dubbed Ecotec TwinPort in the same confusing way.

GM Europe Media Online - Opel - Products&Services doesn't mention internal RPO codes of the engines used in Opel cars, so I just couldn't consistently classify them as in the rest of the article. Anyone who can possibly make a better classification out of their specs should click the Media link above and choose a car model to download a Technical Data document, these have plenty of data on every possible trim/engine combination. --DmitryKo 20:31, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

New 1.8L Ecotec
This Spring, Opel will be introducing new 1.8L Ecotec with VVT. The official PR is here: media.gm.com. Model codes are still unknown. DmitryKo 19:25, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

SKU codes
See Talk:List of GM engines for a (incomplete) list of SKU codes used in Opel cars, including some past Family 1 Ecotecs.

1.4 L non-Twinport
If 1.4 Twinport is Family 0,, what family is the older 1.4 L? --DmitryKo 20:50, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Chevrolet Astra and Vectra have FlexPower engines
GM do Brasil seems to have also a 2.0 (Astra and Vectra) and a 2.4 16 V (vectra with automatic transmission) engines which are FlexPower. Could anyone get some more specific information about those engines and put it into the article? The Vectra 2.4 16 V motor seems to be the first flex-fuel engine in the world above 2.0L Loudenvier 06:42, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

---> Hello, Loudenvier; i erase your commments about this engines from the article, because, those engines (2.0 and 2.4) are from the Family II engine series... regards.
 * Oops!!! Sorry for messing this up! I really thought they were Family I engines... But actually I know very litle about engines... Loudenvier 16:15, 21 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Don't worry... i put your commments in the GM Family II engine page... you can find them in GM Brazil. Regards

--->I have noticed that it's been suggested merging the C16SE page into this more general one. Can I suggest _not_ doing this. There are lots of details specific to each GM engine and I for one would support the expansion of pages on each engine. I'm going to continue to improve the C16SE page. Any other takers for the myriad other engines?!? Cheers, Aeronell (talk) 13:02, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

Info
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03227826#page-1 http://auto-report.net/?p=713

Econo.Flex
http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=pt&u=http://www.omecanico.com.br/modules/revista.php%3Frecid%3D212%26edid%3D20%26topicid%3D2&prev=/search%3Fq%3DEcono.Flex%2Bengines%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Dt6d%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26channel%3Drcs

Relation to Isuzu G engine?
There seem to be some major similarities between the Family 1 engine and the Isuzu G engine. VX1NG (talk) 14:42, 22 July 2014 (UTC)

U18XER
Opel_Astra links via a "U18XER" link to GM_Family_1_engine but there is no U18XER listed on this page. Is this an omission in the list or a typo? shadyman (talk) 06:04, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:GM Family 1 engine