text:
Talk:Toynbee tiles

"Cannot be construed to be offensive"
I imagine the ones about "hellion Jews" could be construed to be potentially offensive, certainly enough to have tiles deliberately removed. Perhaps the point should be qualified more? Acb 00:38, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Right, but that was a very unusual example. The vast majority of them are of the "TOyNBEE IDEAS IN KUbricK's 2001 RESURRECT DEAD ON PLANET JUPiTER" variety, which causes little concern. Indeed, Philadelphians who work downtown, (including myself), are so used to seeing these things, (vaguely, since they are now so worn away), that one often has to point out to them that they are a "mystery" before they give them a second thought. Before I found this article on Wikipedia, I had never even stopped to really look at them before, (of course, stopping in the middle of Philly traffic is a bit dangerous in the first place). Func( t, c ) 04:36, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Morasco
I'm not sure how much traffic the James Morasco page gets, so I'll ask it here too: Is there any reason that article shouldn't just be merged here?--Pharos 05:46, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Yes. We don't know whether James Morasco is the tilist. Diego001 20:41, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

The "James Morasco" and "Toynbee tiles" pages should not be merged. Morasco cannot be difinitively identified as the creator of the tiles. Also, new tiles have been created since Morasco's death in 2003. While it is possible that the tiles could have been created by Morasco, they have obviously also been made by others. Because it cannot be proved that Morasco is the tilist (or even 1 tilist), these articles cannot be factually or logically merged.
 * I wrote the original James Morasco article, and I agree. — Walloon 03:12, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Is Morasco notable for anything other than potentially creating the Toynbee tiles? If not, I don't beleive he should have a separate article. -- Scott eiπ  07:59, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * And now the articles have been merged...Repapetilto (talk) 02:50, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

Similarities to Obey?
Perhaps some mention should be made of the "phenomonology" effect popularized by Obey's "Andre the Giant has a Posse" placement? I've always found the two quite similar. NEMT 06:38, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Any comparisons to "Obey" and Frank Shepard Fairey's Andre the Giant Has a Posse campaign need to very explicitly note that these campaigns are self-conscious, whereas the Toynbee Tiles appear to be the product of the will of their message, not the will to campaign. In my opinion, this is an extremely important distinction, and many who approach the Toynbee Tiles fail to differentiate between these two end goals.  As for the phenomenological implications, I would love to read an interpretation of the tiles thus considered, from either the psychological or philosophical perspective.  I would like to some day embark on that project if no one beats me to it. Colinclarksmith (talk) 15:03, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Lucky Dragons
The lucky dragons have a song called "Resurrect Dead On Planet Jupiter" and I was thinking of adding a section on influences, things that have been a response to the tiles, but I think influences sounds like things that influenced the tiles - so, since I can;t think of a proper heading, I'm not doing it. Perhaps "Cultural Reactions?" Anyway, add it if you feel like it. — 70.127.79.43 10:11, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

--Cultural References would be more appropriate. — 204.245.122.21 07:51, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

There are several other songs that have been written in response to the tiles. There are two by The Vivian Girls Experience - "Toynbee Idea In Movie 2001 Resurrect Dead On Planet Jupiter" and "You Must Make An Glue Tiles". Also, in the making of the Toynbee tile documentary film, two musicians have contributed songs for potential inclusion in the soundtrack. The Philadelphia band Eulogy had a 1999 album titled "Resurrect Dead", a tile reference, and there are other examples I can't think of at the moment. I think such a page would be warranted. — Wholly Ghost 01:11, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

"Southwest corner of Broad and Juniper"??
Broad and Juniper Streets run parallel to each other. There is no "corner of Broad and Juniper." — 172.145.149.208 7:21, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

 * This seems to refer to Juniper at Penn Square, which the poster apparently considers to be part of Broad. Mdbrownmsw 17:17, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Reminiscent of another cryptic figure
The broken phrasing and some of the subject matter seem reminiscent of the ravings of Francis E. Dec (http://home.pacifier.com/~dkossy/dec.html), a well-documented but still mysterious 'involuntary dadaist' (my own phrase). A cult-like following has grown up around him over time. I would guess that he and the Toynbee creator are different people, yet there is a similarity in their way of writing which struck me. — 65.121.64.2 10:53, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

- I suspect they're both the work of schizophrenics. 66.25.168.110 (talk) 00:20, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

Merge after AFD: James Morasco => Toynbee tiles
This Article for Discussion activity led to the general conclusion that James Morasco is not sufficiently notable as a person to support a biography article, but that his notability in the context of the Toynbee tiles phenomenon is sufficient to secure a place for him in this article. There is already material in this article on this person, the question is how much more of the content from the biographical article should be included here before converting the article to a redirect tagged with Template:R from merge? I closed this AFD; therefore, I felt as part of the closure I should provide a space for discussion of the merger here. Regards --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me ) 14:40, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

Inclusion of block quote
I noticed this article had a huge block quote from an ostensibly copyrighted source. I'm planning to come back and delete the material unless someone can demonstrate that it is posted in keeping with WP:C and Fair use policies. Regards.Trilobitealive (talk) 13:58, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I have removed this material. Please see WP:C. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Trilobitealive (talk • contribs) 03:54, 23 February 2008 (UTC)  Thank you SineBot! I too often forget the tildes for some reason.Trilobitealive (talk) 20:22, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

Quality of "colloquial poetry"
I am not a native english speaker. But I think that the tiles have a quality of what I would call colloquial poetry. I think it is important to adress that in the article. This is graffiti, in fact. possibly by a 70year old - how remarkable is that. straight street art - LITERALLY. In addition I think it(the poetry) is more important than the actual content of the writings. As you know they leave a lot of space for interpretation and are quite humorous/funny.

Remember, as well, that an artist as "banksy" spent years running around london spraying little rats in all poses on all kinds of facades before he got "famous."

kind regards to all of you —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.185.231.91 (talk) 03:56, 22 January 2009 (UTC)

Undid non-discussed move to Toynbee tile
The article was moved with zero discussion; article refers to the phenomenon, not one of its individual examples, thus should be pluralized. Colinclarksmith (talk) 21:33, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

Not at all "clear"
Someone traveled the world embedding tiles in streets to spread some kind of message about resurrection/Jupiter/"hellion Jews" and a bunch of other stuff. Most of it makes little to no obvious sense, but we have this: "while 'Kubrick's 2001' is a clear reference to 2001: A Space Odyssey, a film co-written and directed by filmmaker Stanley Kubrick, about a manned mission to Jupiter." I give up. How do we know what this is intended to refer to? Is it the lead in with "Toynbee" that makes this clear? Is there a secret decoder ring that came with DeLeon's Inqy piece that I missed? Give the unusual messages the tile maker was spreading, I find it hard to swallow that anything on a tile is "clear". ": Sure, a reliable source somewhere may have made the connection. That's great. Find it, say what it says and cite it. Problem solved. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 17:36, 20 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Well, we've also got "IN MOViE `2001" on some of the tiles, but yes, Wikipedia baldly announcing something to be "clear" is MOS:OPED. Would be better to attribute this interpretation to somebody: Duerr's documentary is probably a good place to look (reviews suggest that it explicitly addresses the fact that "the four elements of a standard Toynbee tile make sense alone but not together"), if anybody can quote from it, or from an interview with Duerr about it. --McGeddon (talk) 17:47, 20 March 2015 (UTC)
 * I found a review of the documentary which explicitly mentions Duerr's assumption that the tiles refer to Toynbee the historian and Kubrick's film, and have rewritten the paragraph with that as a source. The "Toynbee Convector" short story is credited as originating from a website, in the source given, so I've attributed it as such. --McGeddon (talk) 18:04, 20 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Are people really this obtuse? It mentions a film and director by name and we need a reference to point out that's what it's referring to? I don't know how much more obvious it can get. If it had said "Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan" would we need a reference to make it clear it was referring to that particular film? What the significance of the film is in this particular case is, of course, far from clear, and would need to be cited, but if anyone has any doubt that the "Kubrik's 2001" is Kubrick's 2001 you're seriously delusional. -R. fiend (talk) 18:13, 20 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Given the text shown in the Toynbee_tiles, it is entirely possible the tiler is referring to virtually anything. (If you dig back in the history of this article, "Toynbee" was obviously about the historian...) In any case, has helpfully attributed and sourced the assumption. Is there something you feel needs to be improved here? I think we're done. -  Sum mer PhD  (talk) 18:26, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

"Philadelphia thug hellion Jew"
I've gone ahead and removed the "Philadelphia" section, which quotes a long libellous screed with absolutely no source. It's been in the article without a source for ten (!) years, and I can't find a reliable source confirming any of it. (Best I can find is this photo.)

Is it covered in the Resurrect Dead documentary? --McGeddon (talk) 11:31, 19 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Yes it is. The documentary recites the text of this "manifesto" tile (almost) in its entirety.  I would recommend re-adding it to the article with a citation of the documentary, as that anomalous tile does much to shed light on the personality of the elusive and anonymous tiler.  CCS81 (talk) 15:58, 19 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Done. Thanks. --McGeddon (talk) 16:14, 19 June 2015 (UTC)

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 * Toynbee Tile Los Angeles.jpg

title: Talk:Toynbee tiles


text:
United Software Association

The United Software Association (USA) was a warez organization which released games and software for the IBM PC platform during the 1990s. USA formed a co-op with the PC warez division of Fairlight which was best known as "USA/FLT". USA was formed as the result of a split of several members from another noteworthy PC group, The Humble Guys (THG). Key members, such as Genesis and The NotSoHumble Babe, left THG, eventually resulting in public displays of animosity.

USA had a subdivision known as "USA-DoX" which was responsible for transcribing or otherwise typing up documentation to accompany a release. This division was also carried over by Genesis from THG, which previously had its own documentation division known as "HumbleDox".

In the news
In late January 1992, several members of USA, including Mike Arnolds (The Grim Reaper) and "Amy" (The NotSoHumble Babe), were arrested by the United States Secret Service (in cooperation with the Farmington Hills Police and Michigan State Police) for carding (credit card fraud).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: United Software Association


text:
Borna

Borna may refer to:

People

 * Borna (given name), a Croatian masculine given name
 * Borna (duke), the Duke of Dalmatia c. 810–821, a vassal of the Frankish Empire
 * Bertin Borna (1930–2007), a Beninese politician

Places

 * Borna, Leipzig, a town in Saxony, Germany
 * Borna, Bahretal, a subdivision of the Bahretal municipality, Saxony, Germany
 * Borna Dam, an earthfill dam on Borna river near Ambejogai, Beed district, Maharashtra, India

Other uses

 * Borna disease, an infectious neurological syndrome
 * Bornaviridae, a family of viruses associated with  Borna disease
 * Borna disease virus
 * Borna language (Democratic Republic of the Congo), a spurious language description now retired from ISO 639-3
 * Borna language (Ethiopia), a North Omotic language spoken in western Ethiopia
 * Borna snakehead, Channa amphibeus, an extremely rare species of snakehead fish

title: Borna


text:
Friedrichswalde (disambiguation)

Friedrichswalde may refer to the following places in Germany:

 * Friedrichswalde, a municipality in the Barnim district, Brandenburg
 * Friedrichswalde (Königsberg), former quarter of Königsberg, Prussia
 * A part of Sternberg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, in the Parchim district
 * A part of Bahretal, in the Sächsische Schweiz district, Saxony

Elsewhere:
 * Tarnma, South Australia was known as Friedrichswalde until 1919

title: Friedrichswalde (disambiguation)


text:
Hans von Herwarth

Hans-Heinrich Herwarth von Bittenfeld (14 July 1904 – 21 August 1999), also known as Johnnie or Johann von Herwarth, was a German diplomat who provided the Allies with information prior to and during the Second World War.

Biography
Herwarth was born in Berlin. His paternal grandmother, Julia von Herwarth (née Haber), was Jewish. He graduated from high school in Berlin. He studied law and economics in Berlin, Breslau and Munich.

In 1927 he entered the German Foreign Office (Auswaertiges Amt) and was first stationed in Paris. He was stationed in Moscow 1931–1939, where he met George F. Kennan, Charles W. Thayer and Charles E. Bohlen. Fitzroy Maclean, then a young diplomat in the British Embassy, states in his memoir Eastern Approaches that Herwarth condemned the appeasement of the Munich Agreement, predicted a Soviet–German commitment to non-aggression (which came to pass as the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact), and saw ahead to what he called "the destruction of Germany".

After 1939, he worked at the German Army Headquarters (OKW), in the Abwehr department.

From 1945 onward, Herwarth worked for the new German government, first in Munich, then in Bonn. In 1955, he became the first post-war German ambassador in London. In 1961, he was head of Bundespräsidialamt (the office of the Federal President); later he became ambassador to Rome. From 1971–1977 he was president of the Goethe-Institut, responsible for cultural relations.

Herwarth, who by marriage was a cousin of Claus von Stauffenberg, belonged to the aristocratic opposition against the Nazi regime. Maclean, who thought of him as an old friend, assessed him as "a patriotic German ... strongly and genuinely anti-Nazi".

Herwarth and his contacts
In his memoirs (Witness to History, 1973), former U.S. ambassador to Germany Charles E. Bohlen reveals how, on the morning of 24 August 1939, he visited Herwarth at the German embassy and received the full content of the secret protocol to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, signed the day before. The secret protocol contained an understanding between Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin on how to split Central Europe, the Baltic states and Finland between the two powers. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was urgently informed, but the United States did not pass this information to any concerned governments in Europe. A week later the plan was realised with the German invasion of Poland and the Second World War began.

According to the website of the German embassy in London, Herwarth and his superior, Ambassador von der Schulenburg, had already been trying since before the Munich Agreement to persuade Britain, France and the United States not to give in to Hitler's territorial demands.

Hans von Herwarth was the chief contact from the German embassy in Moscow to the western powers. Through him, the British were continuously informed on the progress of Soviet-German contacts during 1939. Von Herwarth is also held to be one of the German officials who informed the Allies on the decision to launch Operation Barbarossa in 1941, and to have given some of the earliest accounts of atrocities against Jews and other civilians behind the Eastern Front and in the Holocaust. It's not known how much his Soviet counterparts were informed.

Herwath was one of the leading players in the Konigswinter conference that was organised by Lilo Milchsack that healed the bad memories after the end of the Second World War. He worked with the ex soldier Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin, future German President Richard von Weizsäcker and other leading German decision makers as well as leading British politicians like Denis Healey, Richard Crossman and the journalist Robin Day.

In June 1989, Hans von Herwarth met the Latvian historian and member of the Soviet parliament, Mavriks Vulfsons, during the latter's visit to West Germany. Vulfsons was the first person in the USSR to publicly confirm the authenticity of the secret protocols to the German-Soviet pact of 1939 dividing Eastern Europe into "spheres of influence", a copy of which he obtained in the archives of the German Foreign Office.

title: Hans von Herwarth


text:
List of freguesias of Portugal: S

The freguesias (civil parishes) of Portugal are listed in by municipality according to the following format:
 * concelho
 * freguesias

Sabrosa

 * Celeirós
 * Covas do Douro
 * Gouvães do Douro
 * Gouvinhas
 * Paços
 * Parada de Pinhão
 * Paradela de Guiães
 * Provesende
 * Sabrosa
 * São Cristóvão do Douro
 * São Lourenço de Ribapinhão
 * São Martinho de Antas
 * Souto Maior
 * Torre do Pinhão
 * Vilarinho de São Romão

Sabugal

 * Águas Belas
 * Aldeia da Ponte
 * Aldeia da Ribeira
 * Aldeia de Santo António
 * Aldeia do Bispo
 * Aldeia Velha
 * Alfaiates
 * Badamalos
 * Baraçal
 * Bendada
 * Bismula
 * Casteleiro
 * Cerdeira
 * Fóios
 * Forcalhos
 * Lajeosa
 * Lomba
 * Malcata
 * Moita
 * Nave
 * Pena Lobo
 * Pousafoles do Bispo
 * Quadrazais
 * Quinta de São Bartolomeu
 * Rapoula do Côa
 * Rebolosa
 * Rendo
 * Ruivós
 * Ruvina
 * Sabugal
 * Santo Estêvão
 * Seixo do Côa
 * Sortelha
 * Souto
 * Vale das Éguas
 * Vale de Espinho
 * Vale Longo
 * Vila Boa
 * Vila do Touro
 * Vilar Maior

Salvaterra de Magos

 * Foros de Salvaterra
 * Glória do Ribatejo
 * Granho
 * Marinhais
 * Muge
 * Salvaterra de Magos

Santa Comba Dão

 * Couto do Mosteiro
 * Nagozela
 * Ovoa
 * Pinheiro de Ázere
 * Santa Comba Dão
 * São Joaninho
 * São João de Areias
 * Treixedo
 * Vimieiro

Santa Cruz (Madeira)

 * Camacha
 * Caniço
 * Gaula
 * Santa Cruz
 * Santo António da Serra

Santa Cruz da Graciosa (Azores)

 * Guadalupe
 * Luz
 * Praia
 * Santa Cruz da Graciosa

Santa Cruz das Flores (Azores)

 * Caveira
 * Cedros
 * Ponta Delgada
 * Santa Cruz das Flores

Santa Maria da Feira

 * Argoncilhe
 * Arrifana
 * Caldas de São Jorge
 * Canedo
 * Escapães
 * Espargo
 * Feira
 * Fiães
 * Fornos
 * Gião
 * Guisande
 * Lobão
 * Louredo
 * Lourosa
 * Milheirós de Poiares
 * Mosteiró
 * Mozelos
 * Nogueira da Regedoura
 * Paços de Brandão
 * Pigeiros
 * Rio Meão
 * Romariz
 * Sanfins
 * Sanguedo
 * Santa Maria de Lamas
 * São João de Vêr
 * São Paio de Oleiros
 * Souto
 * Travanca
 * Vale
 * Vila Maior

Santa Marta de Penaguião

 * Alvações do Corgo
 * Cumeeira
 * Fontes
 * Fornelos
 * Lobrigos (São João Baptista)
 * Lobrigos (São Miguel)
 * Louredo
 * Medrões
 * Sanhoane
 * Sever

Santana (Madeira)

 * Arco de São Jorge
 * Faial
 * Ilha
 * Santana
 * São Jorge
 * São Roque do Faial

Santarém

 * Abitureiras
 * Abrã
 * Achete
 * Alcanede
 * Alcanhões
 * Almoster
 * Amiais de Baixo
 * Arneiro das Milhariças
 * Azoia de Baixo
 * Azoia de Cima
 * Casével
 * Gançaria
 * Moçarria
 * Pernes
 * Pombalinho
 * Póvoa da Isenta
 * Póvoa de Santarém
 * Romeira
 * Santa Iria da Ribeira de Santarém
 * Santarém (Marvila)
 * Santarém (São Nicolau)
 * Santarém (São Salvador)
 * São Vicente do Paul
 * Tremês
 * Vale de Figueira
 * Vale de Santarém
 * Vaqueiros
 * Várzea

Santiago do Cacém

 * Abela
 * Alvalade
 * Cercal
 * Ermidas-Sado
 * Santa Cruz
 * Santiago do Cacém
 * Santo André
 * São Bartolomeu da Serra
 * São Domingos
 * São Francisco da Serra
 * Vale de Água

Santo Tirso

 * Agrela
 * Água Longa
 * Areias
 * Burgães
 * Campo (São Martinho)
 * Carreira
 * Couto (Santa Cristina)
 * Couto (São Miguel)
 * Guimarei
 * Lama
 * Lamelas
 * Monte Córdova
 * Negrelos (São Mamede)
 * Negrelos (São Tomé)
 * Palmeira
 * Rebordões
 * Refojos de Riba de Ave
 * Reguenga
 * Roriz
 * Santo Tirso
 * São Salvador do Campo
 * Sequeiró
 * Vila das Aves
 * Vilarinho

São Brás de Alportel

 * São Brás de Alportel
 * São João da Madeira
 * São João da Madeira

São João da Pesqueira

 * Castanheiro do Sul
 * Ervedosa do Douro
 * Espinhosa
 * Nagozelo do Douro
 * Paredes da Beira
 * Pereiros
 * Riodades
 * São João da Pesqueira
 * Soutelo do Douro
 * Trevões
 * Vale de Figueira
 * Valongo dos Azeites
 * Várzea de Trevões
 * Vilarouco

São Pedro do Sul

 * Baiões
 * Bordonhos
 * Candal
 * Carvalhais
 * Covas do Rio
 * Figueiredo de Alva
 * Manhouce
 * Pindelo dos Milagres
 * Pinho
 * Santa Cruz da Trapa
 * São Cristóvão de Lafões
 * São Félix
 * São Martinho das Moitas
 * São Pedro do Sul
 * Serrazes
 * Sul
 * Valadares
 * Várzea
 * Vila Maior

São Roque do Pico (Azores)

 * Prainha
 * Santa Luzia
 * Santo Amaro
 * Santo António
 * São Roque

São Vicente (Madeira)

 * Boa Ventura
 * Ponta Delgada
 * São Vicente

Sardoal

 * Alcaravela
 * Santiago de Montalegre
 * Sardoal
 * Valhascos

Sátão

 * Águas Boas
 * Avelal
 * Decermilo
 * Ferreira de Aves
 * Forles
 * Mioma
 * Rio de Moinhos
 * Romãs
 * São Miguel de Vila Boa
 * Sátão
 * Silvã de Cima
 * Vila Longa

Seia

 * Alvoco da Serra
 * Cabeça
 * Carragozela
 * Folhadosa
 * Girabolhos
 * Lajes
 * Lapa dos Dinheiros
 * Loriga
 * Paranhos
 * Pinhanços
 * Sabugueiro
 * Sameice
 * Sandomil
 * Santa Comba
 * Santa Eulália
 * Santa Marinha
 * Santiago
 * São Martinho
 * São Romão
 * Sazes da Beira
 * Seia
 * Teixeira
 * Torrozelo
 * Tourais
 * Travancinha
 * Valezim
 * Várzea de Meruge
 * Vide
 * Vila Cova à Coelheira

Seixal

 * Aldeia de Paio Pires
 * Amora
 * Arrentela
 * Corroios
 * Fernão Ferro
 * Seixal

Sernancelhe

 * Arnas
 * Carregal
 * Chosendo
 * Cunha
 * Escurquela
 * Faia
 * Ferreirim
 * Fonte Arcada
 * Freixinho
 * Granjal
 * Lamosa
 * Macieira
 * Penso
 * Quintela
 * Sarzeda
 * Sernancelhe
 * Vila da Ponte

Serpa

 * Aldeia Nova de São Bento
 * Brinches
 * Pias
 * Serpa (Salvador)
 * Serpa (Santa Maria)
 * Vale de Vargo
 * Vila Verde de Ficalho

Sertã

 * Cabeçudo
 * Carvalhal
 * Castelo
 * Cernache do Bonjardim
 * Cumeada
 * Ermida
 * Figueiredo
 * Marmeleiro
 * Nesperal
 * Palhais
 * Pedrógão Pequeno
 * Sertã
 * Troviscal
 * Várzea dos Cavaleiros

Sesimbra

 * Quinta do Conde
 * Sesimbra (Castelo)
 * Sesimbra (Santiago)

Setúbal

 * Azeitão
 * Gâmbia-Pontes-Alto da Guerra
 * Sado, Setúbal
 * Setúbal

Sever do Vouga

 * Cedrim
 * Couto de Esteves
 * Dornelas
 * Paradela
 * Pessegueiro do Vouga
 * Rocas do Vouga
 * Sever do Vouga
 * Silva Escura
 * Talhadas

Silves

 * Alcantarilha
 * Algoz
 * Armação de Pêra
 * Pêra
 * São Bartolomeu de Messines
 * São Marcos da Serra
 * Silves
 * Tunes

Sines

 * Porto Covo
 * Sines

Sintra

 * Agualva
 * Agualva-Cacém
 * Algueirão - Mem Martins
 * Almargem do Bispo
 * Belas
 * Casal de Cambra
 * Colares
 * Massamá
 * Mira-Sintra
 * Monte Abraão
 * Montelavar
 * Pêro Pinheiro
 * Queluz
 * Rio de Mouro
 * São João das Lampas
 * São Marcos
 * Sintra (Santa Maria e São Miguel)
 * Sintra (São Martinho)
 * Sintra (São Pedro de Penaferrim)
 * Terrugem

Sobral de Monte Agraço

 * Santo Quintino
 * Sapataria
 * Sobral de Monte Agraço

Soure

 * Alfarelos
 * Brunhós
 * Degracias
 * Figueiró do Campo
 * Gesteira
 * Granja do Ulmeiro
 * Pombalinho
 * Samuel
 * Soure
 * Tapéus
 * Vila Nova de Anços
 * Vinha da Rainha

Sousel

 * Cano
 * Casa Branca
 * Santo Amaro
 * Sousel

title: List of freguesias of Portugal: S


text:
Regulatory compliance

In general, compliance means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard or law. Compliance has traditionally been explained by reference to the deterrence theory, according to which punishing a behavior will decrease the violations both by the wrongdoer (specific deterrence) and by others (general deterrence). This view has been supported by economic theory, which has framed punishment in terms of costs and has explained compliance in terms of a cost-benefit equilibrium (Becker 1968). However, psychological research on motivation provides an alternative view: granting rewards (Deci, Koestner and Ryan, 1999) or imposing fines (Gneezy Rustichini 2000) for a certain behavior is a form of extrinsic motivation that weakens intrinsic motivation and ultimately undermines compliance.

Regulatory compliance describes the goal that organizations aspire to achieve in their efforts to ensure that they are aware of and take steps to comply with relevant laws, policies, and regulations. Due to the increasing number of regulations and need for operational transparency, organizations are increasingly adopting the use of consolidated and harmonized sets of compliance controls. This approach is used to ensure that all necessary governance requirements can be met without the unnecessary duplication of effort and activity from resources.

Regulations and accrediting organizations vary among fields, with examples such as PCI-DSS and GLBA in the financial industry, FISMA for U.S. federal agencies, HACCP for the food and beverage industry, and the Joint Commission and HIPAA in healthcare. In some cases other compliance frameworks (such as COBIT) or even standards (NIST) inform on how to comply with regulations.

Some organizations keep compliance data—all data belonging or pertaining to the enterprise or included in the law, which can be used for the purpose of implementing or validating compliance—in a separate store for meeting reporting requirements. Compliance software is increasingly being implemented to help companies manage their compliance data more efficiently. This store may include calculations, data transfers, and audit trails.

By nation
Regulatory compliance varies not only by industry but often by location. The financial, research, and pharmaceutical regulatory structures in one country, for example, may be similar but with particularly different nuances in another country. These similarities and differences are often a product "of reactions to the changing objectives and requirements in different countries, industries, and policy contexts".

Australia
Australia's major financial services regulators of deposits, insurance, and superannuation include the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), the Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC), and the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC). These regulators help to ensure financial institutes meet their promises, that transactional information is well documented, and that competition is fair while protecting consumers. The APRA in particular deals with superannuation and its regulation, including new regulations requiring trustees of superannuation funds to demonstrate to APRA that they have adequate resources (human, technology and financial), risk management systems, and appropriate skills and expertise to manage the superannuation fund, with individuals running them being "fit and proper".

Other key regulators in Australia include the Australian Communications & Media Authority (ACMA) for broadcasting, the internet, and communications; the Clean Energy Regulator for "monitoring, facilitating and enforcing compliance with" energy and carbon emission schemes; and the Therapeutic Goods Administration for drugs, devices, and biologics;

Australian organisations seeking to remain compliant with various regulations may turn to AS ISO 19600:2015 (which supersedes AS 3806-2006). This standard helps organisations with compliance management, placing "emphasis on the organisational elements that are required to support compliance" while also recognizing the need for continual improvement.

Canada
In Canada, federal regulation of deposits, insurance, and superannuation is governed by two independent bodies: the OSFI through the Bank Act, and FINTRAC, mandated by the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act, 2001 (PCMLTFA). These groups protect consumers, regulate how risk is controlled and managed, and investigate illegal action such as money laundering and terrorist financing. On a provincial level, each province maintain individuals laws and agencies. Unlike any other major federation, Canada does not have a securities regulatory authority at the federal government level. The provincial and territorial regulators work together to coordinate and harmonize regulation of the Canadian capital markets through the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA).

Other key regulators in Canada include the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) for food safety, animal health, and plant health; Health Canada for public health; and Environment and Climate Change Canada for environment and sustainable energy.

Canadian organizations seeking to remain compliant with various regulations may turn to ISO 19600:2014, an international compliance standard that "provides guidance for establishing, developing, implementing, evaluating, maintaining and improving an effective and responsive compliance management system within an organization". For more industry specific guidance, e.g., financial institutions, Canada's E-13 Regulatory Compliance Management provides specific compliance risk management tactics.

The Netherlands
The financial sector in the Netherlands is heavily regulated. The Dutch Central Bank (De Nederlandsche Bank N.V.) is the prudential regulator while the Netherlands Authority for Financial Markets (AFM) is the regulator for behavioral supervision of financial institutions and markets. A common definition of compliance is:'Observance of external (international and national) laws and regulations, as well as internal norms and procedures, to protect the integrity of the organization, its management and employees with the aim of preventing and controlling risks and the possible damage resulting from these compliance and integrity risks'.

India
In India, compliance regulation takes place across three strata: Central, State, and Local regulation. India veers towards central regulation, especially of financial organizations and foreign funds.< Compliance regulations vary based on the industry segment in addition to the geographical mix. Most regulation comes in the following broad categories: economic regulation, regulation in the public interest, and environmental regulation. India has also been characterized by poor compliance - reports suggest that only around 65% of companies are fully compliant to norms.

Singapore
The Monetary Authority of Singapore is Singapore's central bank and financial regulatory authority. It administers the various statutes pertaining to money, banking, insurance, securities and the financial sector in general, as well as currency issuance.

United Kingdom
There is considerable regulation in the United Kingdom, some of which is derived from European Union legislation. Various areas are policed by different bodies, such as the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), Environment Agency, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Information Commissioner's Office, Care Quality Commission, and others: see List of regulators in the United Kingdom.

Important compliance issues for all organizations large and small include the Data Protection Act 1998 and, for the public sector, Freedom of Information Act 2000.

Financial compliance
The U.K. Corporate Governance Code (formerly the Combined Code) is issued by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) and "sets standards of good practice in relation to board leadership and effectiveness, remuneration, accountability, and relations with shareholders". All companies with a Premium Listing of equity shares in the U.K. are required under the Listing Rules to report on how they have applied the Combined Code in their annual report and accounts. (The Codes are therefore most similar to the U.S.' Sarbanes–Oxley Act.)

The U.K.'s regulatory framework requires that all its publicly listed companies should provide specific content in the core financial statements that must appear in a yearly report, including balance sheet, comprehensive income statement, and statement of changes in equity, as well as cash flow statement as required under international accounting standards. It further demonstrates the relationship that subsists among shareholders, management, and the independent audit teams. Financial statements must be prepared using a particular set of rules and regulations hence the rationale behind allowing the companies to apply the provisions of company law, international financial reporting standards (IFRS), as well as the U.K. stock exchange rules as directed by the FCA. It is also possible that shareholders may not understand the figures as presented in the various financial statements, hence it is critical that the board should provide notes on accounting policies as well as other explanatory notes to help them understand the report better.

Challenges
Data retention is a part of regulatory compliance that is proving to be a challenge in many instances. The security that comes from compliance with industry regulations can seem contrary to maintaining user privacy. Data retention laws and regulations ask data owners and other service providers to retain extensive records of user activity beyond the time necessary for normal business operations. These requirements have been called into question by privacy rights advocates.

Compliance in this area is becoming very difficult. Laws like the CAN-SPAM Act and Fair Credit Reporting Act in the U.S. require that businesses give people the right to be forgotten. In other words, they must remove individuals from marketing lists if it is requested, tell them when and why they might share personal information with a third party, or at least ask permission before sharing that data. Now, with new laws coming out that demand longer data retention despite the individual’s desires, it can create some real difficulties.

Money laundering and terrorist financing pose significant threats to the integrity of the financial system and national security. To combat these threats, the EU has adopted a risk-based approach to Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) that relies on cooperation and coordination between EU and national authorities. In this context, risk-based regulation refers to the approach of identifying and assessing potential risks of money laundering and terrorist financing and implementing regulatory measures proportional to those risks. However, the shared enforcement powers between EU and national authorities in the implementation and enforcement of AML/CFT regulations can create legal implications and challenges. The potential for inconsistent application of AML regulations across different jurisdictions can create regulatory arbitrage and undermine the effectiveness of AML efforts. Additionally, a lack of clear and consistent legal frameworks defining the roles and responsibilities of EU and national authorities in AML enforcement can lead to situations where accountability is difficult to establish.

United States
Corporate scandals and breakdowns such as the Enron case of reputational risk in 2001 have increased calls for stronger compliance and regulations, particularly for publicly listed companies. The most significant recent statutory changes in this context have been the Sarbanes–Oxley Act developed by two U.S. congressmen, Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley in 2002 which defined significantly tighter personal responsibility of corporate top management for the accuracy of reported financial statements; and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is an agency of the United States Department of the Treasury under the auspices of the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence. OFAC administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions based on U.S. foreign policy and national security goals against targeted foreign states, organizations, and individuals.

Compliance in the U.S. generally means compliance with laws and regulations. These laws and regulations can have criminal or civil penalties. The definition of what constitutes an effective compliance plan has been elusive. Most authors, however, continue to cite the guidance provided by the United States Sentencing Commission in Chapter 8 of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines.

On October 12, 2006, the U.S. Small Business Administration re-launched Business.gov (later Business.USA.gov and finally SBA.Gov) which provides a single point of access to government services and information that help businesses comply with government regulations.

The U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) was created by Congress to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance. OSHA implements laws and regulations regularly in the following areas, construction, maritime, agriculture, and recordkeeping.

The United States Department of Transportation also has various laws and regulations requiring that prime contractors when bidding on federally funded projects engage in good faith effort compliance, meaning they must document their outreach to certified disadvantaged business enterprises.

Standards
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and its ISO 37301:2021 (which deprecates ISO 19600:2014) standard is one of the primary international standards for how businesses handle regulatory compliance, providing a reminder of how compliance and risk should operate together, as "colleagues" sharing a common framework with some nuances to account for their differences. The ISO also produces international standards such as ISO/IEC 27002 to help organizations meet regulatory compliance with their security management and assurance best practices.

Some local or international specialized organizations such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) also develop standards and regulation codes. They thereby provide a wide range of rules and directives to ensure compliance of the products to safety, security or design standards.

title: Regulatory compliance


text:
List of freguesias of Portugal: T

The freguesias (civil parishes) of Portugal are listed in by municipality according to the following format:
 * concelho
 * freguesias

Tábua

 * Ázere
 * Candosa
 * Carapinha
 * Covas
 * Covelo
 * Espariz
 * Meda de Mouros
 * Midões
 * Mouronho
 * Pinheiro de Coja
 * Póvoa de Midões
 * São João da Boa Vista
 * Sinde
 * Tábua
 * Vila Nova de Oliveirinha

Tabuaço

 * Adorigo
 * Arcos
 * Barcos
 * Chavães
 * Desejosa
 * Granja do Tedo
 * Granjinha
 * Longra
 * Paradela
 * Pereiro
 * Pinheiros
 * Santa Leocádia
 * Sendim
 * Tabuaço
 * Távora
 * Vale de Figueira
 * Valença do Douro

Tarouca

 * Dálvares
 * Gouviães
 * Granja Nova
 * Mondim da Beira
 * Salzedas
 * São João de Tarouca
 * Tarouca
 * Ucanha
 * Várzea da Serra
 * Vila Chã da Beira

Tavira

 * Cabanas de Tavira
 * Cachopo
 * Conceição
 * Luz de Tavira
 * Santa Catarina da Fonte do Bispo
 * Santa Luzia
 * Santo Estêvão
 * Santa Maria
 * Santiago

Terras de Bouro

 * Balança
 * Brufe
 * Campo do Gerês
 * Carvalheira
 * Chamoim
 * Chorense
 * Cibões
 * Covide
 * Gondoriz
 * Moimenta
 * Monte
 * Ribeira
 * Rio Caldo
 * Souto
 * Valdosende
 * Vilar
 * Vilar da Veiga

Tomar

 * Além da Ribeira
 * Alviobeira
 * Asseiceira
 * Beselga
 * Carregueiros
 * Casais
 * Junceira
 * Madalena
 * Olalhas
 * Paialvo
 * Pedreira
 * Sabacheira
 * Santa Maria dos Olivais (Tomar)
 * São Pedro de Tomar
 * Serra
 * Tomar (São João Baptista)

Tondela

 * Barreiro de Besteiros
 * Campo de Besteiros
 * Canas de Santa Maria
 * Caparrosa
 * Castelões
 * Dardavaz
 * Ferreirós do Dão
 * Guardão
 * Lajeosa
 * Lobão da Beira
 * Molelos
 * Mosteirinho
 * Mosteiro de Fráguas
 * Mouraz
 * Nandufe
 * Parada de Gonta
 * Sabugosa
 * Santiago de Besteiros
 * São João do Monte
 * São Miguel do Outeiro
 * Silvares
 * Tonda
 * Tondela
 * Tourigo
 * Vila Nova da Rainha
 * Vilar de Besteiros

Torre de Moncorvo

 * Açoreira
 * Adeganha
 * Cabeça Boa
 * Cardanha
 * Carviçais
 * Castedo
 * Felgar
 * Felgueiras
 * Horta da Vilariça
 * Larinho
 * Lousa
 * Maçores
 * Mós
 * Peredo dos Castelhanos
 * Souto da Velha
 * Torre de Moncorvo
 * Urrós
 * Urrós e Peredo dos Castelhanos

Torres Novas

 * Alcorochel
 * Assentiz
 * Brogueira
 * Chancelaria
 * Lapas
 * Meia Via
 * Olaia
 * Paço
 * Parceiros de Igreja
 * Pedrógão
 * Riachos
 * Ribeira Branca
 * Torres Novas (Salvador)
 * Torres Novas (Santa Maria)
 * Torres Novas (Santiago)
 * Torres Novas (São Pedro)
 * Zibreira

Torres Vedras

 * A dos Cunhados
 * Campelos
 * Carmões
 * Carvoeira
 * Dois Portos
 * Freiria
 * Maceira
 * Matacães
 * Maxial
 * Monte Redondo
 * Outeiro da Cabeça
 * Ponte do Rol
 * Ramalhal
 * Runa
 * São Pedro da Cadeira
 * Silveira
 * Torres Vedras (Santa Maria do Castelo e São Miguel)
 * Torres Vedras (São Pedro e Santiago)
 * Turcifal
 * Ventosa

Trancoso

 * Aldeia Nova
 * Carnicães
 * Castanheira
 * Cogula
 * Cótimos
 * Feital
 * Fiães
 * Freches
 * Granja
 * Guilheiro
 * Moimentinha
 * Moreira de Rei
 * Palhais
 * Póvoa do Concelho
 * Reboleiro
 * Rio de Mel
 * Sebadelhe da Serra
 * Souto Maior
 * Tamanhos
 * Terrenho
 * Torre do Terrenho
 * Torres
 * Trancoso (Santa Maria)
 * Trancoso (São Pedro)
 * Valdujo
 * Vale do Seixo
 * Vila Franca das Naves
 * Vila Garcia
 * Vilares

Trofa

 * Alvarelhos
 * Bougado (Santiago)
 * Bougado (São Martinho)
 * Coronado (São Mamede)
 * Coronado (São Romão)
 * Covelas
 * Guidões
 * Muro

title: List of freguesias of Portugal: T


text:
Investment protection

Investment protection is a broad economic term referring to any form of guarantee or insurance that investments made will not be lost, which may be through fraud or otherwise. For example, the Investment Protection Bureau is a New York state legal body which is charged, according to the New York State Securities Law (the Martin Act), to protect the public from fraud by monitoring and limiting investment. Most other protection is of this form, monitoring brokers and comparable individuals, and legally preventing them from misusing investment.

Investment protection treaties (also called Bilateral Investments Protection and Promotion Agreements (BIPA) or Investments Protection and Promotion Agreements (IPPA)) are widely used in bilateral agreements between two states, as a means of making foreign investment more attractive. A similar multilateral agreement can exist under the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). There are approximately 2500 BIPA among states. Attempts to create an all-encompassing multilateral investment treaty that covers and regulates most such exchanges have thus far failed to materialize.

BIPA and Nepal
On 21 October 2011, Nepal entered into BIPA with India during an official visit of Prime-minister Dr. Baburam Bhattarai. Returning home, he faced political obstacles from his own ruling party chauvinist wing. In the airport he faced black-flags welcome and was criticized in parliamentary meeting as well as in party meeting. No one knew that Nepal already had another 5 BIPAs since 1983.

title: Investment protection


text:
Patrol

A patrol is commonly a group of personnel, such as law enforcement officers, military personnel, or security personnel, that are assigned to monitor or secure a specific geographic area.

Etymology
The word "patrol" is derived from the French word patrouiller, itself derived from the Old French word patouiller meaning "to paddle, paw about, patrol", which is in turn from patte, "a paw".

Military

In military tactics, a patrol is a sub-subunit or small tactical formation, sent out from a military organization by land, sea or air for the purpose of combat, reconnaissance, or a combination of both. The basic task of a patrol is to follow a known route with the purpose of investigating some feature of interest or, in the assignment of a fighting patrol (U.S. combat patrol), to find and engage the enemy. A patrol can also mean a small cavalry or armoured unit, subordinate to a troop or platoon, usually comprising a section or squad of mounted troops, or two armoured fighting vehicles (often tanks).

Law enforcement
In non-military law enforcement, patrol officers are police officers (or, for private entities, security guards) assigned to monitor specified geographic areas. In this instance, patrol refers to the action of patrolling—that is, to move through their assigned areas at regular intervals to detect or prevent violations of the law or problems of any kind.

Patrol officers are the most recognizable members of the police, and are the government officials encountered most frequently by the public. Their duties include responding to calls for service, making arrests, resolving disputes, issuing tickets, taking crime reports, conducting traffic enforcement, investigating crimes, and conducting crime prevention measures. A patrol officer is often the first responder on the scene of any incident, and their actions can greatly affect the outcome of the investigation, as well as the lives and safety of themselves and others. Patrols are often done with the intent of community policing, to improve relations between police and the public.

Patrol officers may conduct patrols on foot, while mounted, riding a police motorcycle or bicycle, driving a police car, crewing a police watercraft, or piloting a police aircraft, depending on the unit they are assigned to or their agency's capabilities. They may or may not be armed or uniformed. A study conducted by Temple University and the Philadelphia Police Department in the mid-2000s has shown that foot patrols reduce crime more than other methods.

Schools
Some elementary schools utilize the term patrol to refer to students who are selected to monitor safety in the classroom or to those students who assist crossing guards with safety of children crossing busy nearby streets. Another common term for this use of patrol is hall monitor.

Scouting
In Scouting, a patrol is six to eight Scouts (youth members) under the leadership of one of their number who is appointed Patrol Leader and supported by a Second or Assistant Patrol Leader. This is the basic unit of a Scout troop. The patrol method is an essential characteristic of Scouting by which it differs from all other organizations, using the natural dynamics of the gang for an educational purpose.

title: Patrol


text:
Hergest Ridge (album)

Hergest Ridge is the second studio album by English musician and songwriter Mike Oldfield, released on 30 August 1974 by Virgin Records. The unexpected commercial and critical success of his debut album, Tubular Bells (1973), affected Oldfield, who decided against touring and avoided the press with his newfound fame. Instead, he retreated to Hergest Ridge on the England–Wales border and wrote the follow-up, which he recorded in 1974 at The Manor in Oxfordshire, with Tom Newman returning as co-producer. Similar to Oldfield's first, the album is a single composition split into two parts covering different moods and musical styles.

The album was No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart for three consecutive weeks before it was displaced by Tubular Bells, marking one of the few times an artist has overtaken themselves on the chart in this manner. In 2010, the album was reissued with new stereo and 5.1 surround sound mixes, bonus material, and new artwork.

Background and recording
After the release of his debut album, Tubular Bells, Oldfield sought a countryside location to write a follow-up album. In early 1974 he drove around the West Country before turning north into Herefordshire. He arrived at Kington, a small town on the England–Wales border located in the shadow of Hergest Ridge, an elongated hill with a peak height of 425 m, which attracted Oldfield to stay in the area. He spotted a house named The Beacon on the edge of Bradnor Hill that was for sale and received permission from Virgin Records co-owner Richard Branson to buy it.

Oldfield settled into his new home but felt unsure of his next career move. His contract with Virgin allowed him a £25 wage and continual offers added to the pressure of appearing in public, causing Oldfield to suffer from panic attacks. He lacked any solid ideas for new music and chose to perform simple undemanding Medieval tunes with folk musician Les Penning at Penrhos Court, a local restaurant, in return for free wine. With encouragement from Branson, Oldfield started to write a follow-up to Tubular Bells following the delivery of a Farfisa organ, 4-track TEAC tape machine, and a mixing desk to his house.

Oldfield felt that half of the good sections on the album were so detailed and buried in the mix, it called for listeners to play the album on a high quality record player. He stated, "I have to listen really hard to pick out something that I know that I'm proud that I did". The climax to the album is something that he was particularly happy with. Comparisons of the album to Tubular Bells irritated him because he considered it a more arranged and fully conceived work. In 1975, Oldfield reflected on Hergest Ridge and thought it contained "some excellent ideas" but its recording was rushed, which affected the performance.

After initial recording sessions at Basing Street Studios, London and Chipping Norton Studios, Oxfordshire were abandoned, Oldfield recorded Hergest Ridge in the spring of 1974 at The Manor near Shipton-on-Cherwell, Oxfordshire, with Tom Newman resuming his role as co-producer with Oldfield. The album was mixed at AIR Studios on London's Oxford Street.

Music
Similarly to Tubular Bells, the album is divided into two movements. Oldfield frequently superimposes layers of electric guitar recorded by first amplifying heavily (to achieve a sustained organ-like quality) and then reducing the volume greatly via use of the Glorfindel Box (a custom guitar effects unit housed in plywood, which was extremely unreliable in its operation; the unit was obtained from David Bedford, who had been given the box at a party by its creator ). The volume was reduced further using the compression channel from the Manor's mixing console, as had been done on Tubular Bells Part 2. Textures are extended further using various organ timbres and the use of voice as an instrument (the voice is never treated prominently and is deliberately reduced as much as possible and thus permitted largely for textural effect).

Versions
Hergest Ridge was remixed in SQ system 4-channel quadraphonic sound by Oldfield in 1976 for the 4-LP set Boxed. Following the creation of the remix, Oldfield stated that he wished for all future releases of the album to be derived from this new version. All CD releases have a stereo mix derived from the Boxed mix, as do most of the later pressings of LP and cassette. The original 1974 vinyl mix is now available on the 2010 reissue of the album, along with a 2010 remix.

An orchestral version of Hergest Ridge was arranged and conducted by David Bedford, who had previously undertaken the same tasks on The Orchestral Tubular Bells. It was performed live a number of times, and recorded for radio broadcast from concert performances twice, once in 1974 by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra with Steve Hillage on guitar, and once in 1976 by the Scottish National Orchestra, again with Hillage on guitar. Andy Summers played on other performances that year. Parts of its performances were used in the NASA and Tony Palmer documentary The Space Movie. it has not been officially released.

Reception
Paul Stump commented on Hergest Ridge in his 1997 History of Progressive Rock: "So how to follow Tubular Bells? Simple. Merely repeat its developmental techniques through new (but less inspired) sequences of tunes."

Hergest Ridge, the place

Hergest Ridge on the England–Wales border is a popular holiday destination for Oldfield's fans, and the house where he lived at the time, The Beacon, is now a guest house. The cover photograph features scenery from Hergest Ridge, and was taken by Trevor Key; the Irish Wolfhound on the cover (and on the LP label) was named Bootleg. Mike Oldfield himself can be heard pronouncing it in the song "On Horseback", which concludes "Part Two" of Ommadawn.

Although the album was written at The Beacon, it was, like Tubular Bells, recorded at Richard Branson's The Manor.

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the 1974 liner notes.

Musicians
 * Mike Oldfield – electric and acoustic guitars, bass guitar, glockenspiel, sleigh bells, mandolin, nutcracker, timpani, gong, Spanish guitar, Farfisa organ, Lowrey organ, GEM Gemini organ
 * June Whiting – oboe
 * Lindsay Cooper – oboe
 * Ted Hobart – trumpet
 * Terry Oldfield – flute
 * Chilli Charles – snare drum
 * Clodagh Simonds – vocals
 * Sally Oldfield – vocals
 * David Bedford – choir and strings conductor

Production
 * Mike Oldfield – production, engineering
 * Tom Newman – production and engineering assistant
 * Trevor Key – album cover
 * Bootleg – Irish wolfhound on the album cover

HDCD remastered reissue
In 2000 Virgin re-released all of Oldfield's back catalogue, remastered in High Definition Compatible Digital, by Simon Heyworth at Chop 'em Out studios between March and April 2000, from the 1976 Boxed Quad mix. The album was re-released on 29 May 2000. The "lyrics" in Part 2 are clearer in this version, although they remain undecipherable, largely comprising words made up by Clodagh Simonds. She repeated this approach on Ommadawn, though with the inclusion of some Irish Gaelic terminology.

Mercury Records reissue
On 7 June 2010 the album was re-released by Mercury Records. This came as part of a deal in which Oldfield's Virgin albums were transferred to Universal's label. Bonus features for the release include a 2010 remix of the album and the original vinyl mix of the album. There is a single disc edition as well as a Deluxe Edition. Bonus tracks include "In Dulci Jubilo (For Maureen)" and "Spanish Tune". A 180 gram vinyl version was released as part of the Back to Black range.

The reissue features radically different artwork, which features a model glider and aerial photography based on Google Earth and Bluesky. According to the new liner notes, Oldfield was never entirely happy with the original album artwork and took this opportunity to commission a new cover.

There is also a limited-edition box set of the album, comprising a deluxe edition, an LP and a framed, signed print of the album artwork. Only 250 copies were produced, which were sold through Mike Oldfield's official website. There are no un-signed variants.

The Japanese release uses the SHM-CD (Super High Material CD) manufacturing process.

Single disc edition

 * 1) "Hergest Ridge {Part One}" (2010 stereo mix) – 19:21
 * 2) "Hergest Ridge {Part Two}" (2010 stereo mix) – 18:46
 * 3) "In Dulci Jubilo (For Maureen)" – 2:46
 * 4) "Spanish Tune" – 3:11

Back to Black vinyl edition

 * 1) "Hergest Ridge {Part One}" (1974 stereo mix)
 * 2) "Hergest Ridge {Part Two}" (1974 stereo mix)

Limited edition
Limited edition available through mikeoldfieldofficial.com, which contains the deluxe edition the vinyl edition and a numbered framed print of the cover artwork, signed by Mike Oldfield. Also includes Walking the Hergest Ridge booklet. Only 250 copies were available on pre-order prior to the release on 14 June 2010.

Digital edition

 * 1) "Hergest Ridge {Part One}" (2010 stereo mix)
 * 2) "Hergest Ridge {Part Two}" (2010 stereo mix)
 * 3) "Hergest Ridge {Part One}" (1974 stereo mix)
 * 4) "Hergest Ridge {Part Two}" (1974 stereo mix)
 * 5) "Hergest Ridge {Part One}" (1974 demo recordings)
 * 6) "Hergest Ridge (Part Two)" (1974 demo recordings)

Deluxe edition
CD 1
 * 1) "Hergest Ridge {Part One}" (2010 stereo mix) – 19:21
 * 2) "Hergest Ridge {Part Two}" (2010 stereo mix) – 18:46
 * 3) "In Dulci Jubilo (For Maureen)" – 2:46
 * 4) "Spanish Tune" – 3:11

CD 2
 * 1) "Hergest Ridge {Part One}" (1974 stereo mix) – 21:32
 * 2) "Hergest Ridge {Part Two}" (1974 stereo mix) – 18:40
 * 3) "Hergest Ridge {Part One}" (1974 demo recordings) – 20:21
 * 4) "Hergest Ridge {Part Two}" (1974 demo recordings) – 18:13

DVD
 * 1) "Hergest Ridge {Part One}" (2010 5.1 surround mix)
 * 2) "Hergest Ridge {Part Two}" (2010 5.1 surround mix)

Charts
Hergest Ridge was the UK's number one album in the week ending 14 September 1974 and remained so for three weeks until being knocked out of the spot by its predecessor, Tubular Bells. Oldfield is thus one of only a few artists (among whom are The Beatles and Bob Dylan) to have swapped number one albums in this manner.

In 1975, Rolling Stone reported that 2 million copies of the album had been sold.

title: Hergest Ridge (album)


text:
List of freguesias of Portugal: V

The freguesias (civil parishes) of Portugal are listed in by municipality according to the following format:
 * concelho
 * freguesias

Vagos

 * Calvão
 * Covão do Lobo
 * Fonte de Angeão
 * Gafanha da Boa Hora
 * Ouca
 * Ponte de Vagos
 * Santa Catarina
 * Santo André de Vagos
 * Santo António de Vagos
 * Sosa
 * Vagos

Vale de Cambra

 * Arões
 * Cepelos
 * Codal
 * Junqueira
 * Macieira de Cambra
 * Roge
 * São Pedro de Castelões
 * Vila Chã
 * Vila Cova de Perrinho

Valença

 * Arão
 * Boivão
 * Cerdal
 * Cristelo Covo
 * Fontoura
 * Friestas
 * Gandra
 * Ganfei
 * Gondomil
 * Sanfins
 * São Julião
 * São Pedro da Torre
 * Silva
 * Taião
 * Valença
 * Verdoejo

Valongo

 * Alfena
 * Campo
 * Ermesinde
 * Sobrado
 * Valongo

Valpaços

 * Água Revés e Crasto
 * Algeriz
 * Alvarelhos
 * Barreiros
 * Bouçoães
 * Canaveses
 * Carrezedo de Montenegro
 * Curros
 * Ervões
 * Fiães
 * Fornos do Pinhal
 * Friões
 * Lebução
 * Nozelos
 * Padrela e Tazem
 * Possacos
 * Rio Torto
 * Sanfins
 * Santa Maria de Emeres
 * Santa Valha
 * Santiago da Ribeira de Alhariz
 * São João da Corveira
 * São Pedro de Veiga de Lila
 * Serapicos
 * Sonim
 * Tinhela
 * Vales
 * Valpaços
 * Vassal
 * Veiga de Lila
 * Vilarandelo

Velas (Azores)

 * Manadas
 * Norte Grande
 * Rosais
 * Santo Amaro
 * Urzelina
 * Velas

Vendas Novas

 * Landeira
 * Vendas Novas

Viana do Alentejo

 * Aguiar
 * Alcáçovas
 * Viana do Alentejo

Viana do Castelo

 * Afife
 * Alvarães
 * Amonde
 * Anha
 * Areosa
 * Barroselas
 * Cardielos
 * Carreço
 * Carvoeiro
 * Castelo do Neiva
 * Chafé
 * Darque
 * Deão
 * Deocriste
 * Freixieiro de Soutelo
 * Geraz do Lima (Santa Leocádia)
 * Geraz do Lima (Santa Maria)
 * Lanheses
 * Mazarefes
 * Meadela
 * Meixedo
 * Montaria
 * Moreira de Geraz do Lima
 * Mujães
 * Neiva
 * Nogueira
 * Outeiro
 * Perre
 * Portela Susã
 * Portuzelo
 * Serreleis
 * Subportela
 * Torre
 * Viana do Castelo (Monserrate)
 * Viana do Castelo (Santa Maria Maior)
 * Vila de Punhe
 * Vila Franca
 * Vila Fria
 * Vila Mou
 * Vilar de Murteda

Vidigueira

 * Pedrógão
 * Selmes
 * Vidigueira
 * Vila de Frades

Vieira do Minho

 * Anissó
 * Anjos
 * Campos
 * Caniçada
 * Cantelães
 * Cova
 * Eira Vedra
 * Guilhofrei
 * Louredo
 * Mosteiro
 * Parada do Bouro
 * Pinheiro
 * Rossas
 * Ruivães
 * Salamonde
 * Soengas
 * Soutelo
 * Tabuaças
 * Ventosa
 * Vieira do Minho
 * Vilar do Chão

Vila da Praia da Vitoria

 * Agualva
 * Biscoitos
 * Cabo da Praia
 * Fonte do Bastardo
 * Fontinhas
 * Lajes
 * Porto Martins
 * Praia da Vitória (Santa Cruz)
 * Quatro Ribeiras
 * São Brás
 * Vila Nova

Vila de Rei

 * Fundada
 * São João do Peso
 * Vila de Rei

Vila do Bispo

 * Barão de São Miguel
 * Budens
 * Raposeira
 * Sagres
 * Vila do Bispo

Vila do Conde

 * Arcos
 * Árvore
 * Aveleda
 * Azurara
 * Bagunte
 * Canidelo
 * Fajozes
 * Ferreiró
 * Fornelo
 * Gião
 * Guilhabreu
 * Junqueira
 * Labruge
 * Macieira da Maia
 * Malta
 * Mindelo
 * Modivas
 * Mosteiró
 * Outeiro Maior
 * Parada
 * Retorta
 * Rio Mau
 * Tougues
 * Touguinha
 * Touguinhó
 * Vairão
 * Vila Chã
 * Vila do Conde
 * Vilar
 * Vilar de Pinheiro

Vila do Porto (Azores)

 * Almagreira
 * Santa Bárbara
 * Santo Espírito
 * São Pedro
 * Vila do Porto

Vila Flor

 * Assares
 * Benlhevai
 * Candoso
 * Carvalho de Egas
 * Freixiel
 * Lodões
 * Mourão
 * Nabo
 * Roios
 * Samões
 * Sampaio
 * Santa Comba de Vilariça
 * Seixo de Manhoses
 * Trindade
 * Val de Torno
 * Vale Frechoso
 * Vila Flor
 * Vilarinho das Azenhas
 * Vilas Boas

Vila Franca de Xira

 * Alhandra (Portugal)
 * Alverca do Ribatejo
 * Cachoeiras
 * Calhandriz
 * Castanheira do Ribatejo
 * Forte da Casa
 * Póvoa de Santa Iria
 * São João dos Montes
 * Sobralinho
 * Vialonga
 * Vila Franca de Xira

Vila Franca do Campo (Azores)

 * Água de Alto
 * Ponta Garça
 * Ribeira das Tainhas
 * Ribeira Seca
 * São Miguel
 * São Pedro

Vila Nova da Barquinha

 * Atalaia
 * Moita do Norte
 * Praia do Ribatejo
 * Tancos
 * Vila Nova da Barquinha

Vila Nova de Cerveira

 * Campos
 * Candemil
 * Cornes
 * Covas
 * Gondar
 * Gondarém
 * Loivo
 * Lovelhe
 * Mentrestido
 * Nogueira
 * Reboreda
 * Sapardos
 * Sopo
 * Vila Meã
 * Vila Nova de Cerveira

Vila Nova de Famalicão

 * Abade de Vermoim
 * Antas
 * Arnoso (Santa Eulália)
 * Arnoso (Santa Maria)
 * Avidos
 * Bairro
 * Bente
 * Brufe
 * Cabeçudos
 * Calendário
 * Carreira
 * Castelões
 * Cavalões
 * Cruz
 * Delães
 * Esmeriz
 * Fradelos
 * Gavião
 * Gondifelos
 * Jesufrei
 * Joane
 * Lagoa
 * Landim
 * Lemenhe
 * Louro
 * Lousado
 * Mogege
 * Mouquim
 * Nine
 * Novais
 * Oliveira (Santa Maria)
 * Oliveira (São Mateus)
 * Outiz
 * Pedome
 * Portela
 * Pousada de Saramagos
 * Requião
 * Riba de Ave
 * Ribeirão
 * Ruivães
 * Seide (São Miguel)
 * Seide (São Paio)
 * Sezures
 * Telhado
 * Vale (São Cosme)
 * Vale (São Martinho)
 * Vermoim
 * Vila Nova de Famalicão
 * Vilarinho das Cambas

Vila Nova de Foz Côa

 * Almendra
 * Castelo Melhor
 * Cedovim
 * Chãs
 * Custóias
 * Freixo de Numão
 * Horta
 * Mós
 * Murça
 * Muxagata
 * Numão
 * Santa Comba
 * Santo Amaro
 * Sebadelhe
 * Seixas
 * Touça
 * Vila Nova de Foz Côa

Vila Nova de Gaia

 * Arcozelo
 * Avintes
 * Canelas
 * Canidelo
 * Crestuma
 * Grijó
 * Gulpilhares
 * Lever
 * Madalena
 * Mafamude
 * Olival
 * Oliveira do Douro
 * Pedroso
 * Perozinho
 * Sandim
 * São Félix da Marinha
 * São Pedro da Afurada
 * Seixezelo
 * Sermonde
 * Serzedo
 * Valadares
 * Vila Nova de Gaia (Santa Marinha)
 * Vilar de Andorinho
 * Vilar do Paraíso

Vila Nova de Paiva

 * Alhais
 * Fráguas
 * Pendilhe
 * Queiriga
 * Touro
 * Vila Cova à Coelheira
 * Vila Nova de Paiva

Vila Nova de Poiares

 * Arrifana
 * Lavegadas
 * Poiares (Santo André)
 * São Miguel de Poiares

Vila Pouca de Aguiar

 * Afonsim
 * Alfarela de Jales
 * Bornes de Aguiar
 * Bragado
 * Capeludos
 * Gouvães da Serra
 * Parada de Monteiros
 * Pensalvos
 * Sabroso de Aguiar
 * Santa Marta da Montanha
 * Soutelo de Aguiar
 * Telões
 * Tresminas
 * Valoura
 * Vila Pouca de Aguiar
 * Vreia de Bornes
 * Vreia de Jales

Vila Real

 * Abaças
 * Adoufe
 * Andrães
 * Arroios
 * Borbela
 * Campeã
 * Constantim
 * Ermida
 * Folhadela
 * Guiães
 * Justes
 * Lamares
 * Lamas de Olo
 * Lordelo, Vila Real
 * Mateus
 * Mondrões
 * Mouçós
 * Nogueira
 * Parada de Cunhos
 * Pena
 * Quintã
 * São Tomé do Castelo
 * Torgueda
 * Vale de Nogueiras
 * Vila Cova
 * Vila Marim
 * Vila Real (Nossa Senhora da Conceição)
 * Vila Real (São Dinis)
 * Vila Real (São Pedro)
 * Vilarinho de Samardã

Vila Real de Santo António

 * Monte Gordo
 * Vila Nova de Cacela
 * Vila Real de Santo António

Vila Velha de Ródão

 * Fratel
 * Perais
 * Sarnadas de Ródão
 * Vila Velha de Ródão

Vila Verde

 * Aboim da Nóbrega
 * Arcozelo
 * Atães
 * Atiães
 * Azões
 * Barbudo
 * Barros
 * Cabanelas
 * Carreiras (Santiago)
 * Carreiras (São Miguel)
 * Cervães
 * Codeceda
 * Coucieiro
 * Covas
 * Dossãos
 * Duas Igrejas
 * Escariz (São Mamede)
 * Escariz (São Martinho)
 * Esqueiros
 * Freiriz
 * Geme
 * Goães
 * Godinhaços
 * Gomide
 * Gondiães
 * Gondomar
 * Laje
 * Lanhas
 * Loureira
 * Marrancos
 * Mós
 * Moure
 * Nevogilde
 * Oleiros
 * Oriz (Santa Marinha)
 * Oriz (São Miguel)
 * Parada de Gatim
 * Passó
 * Pedregais
 * Penascais
 * Pico
 * Pico de Regalados
 * Ponte
 * Portela das Cabras
 * Prado (São Miguel)
 * Rio Mau
 * Sabariz
 * Sande
 * Soutelo
 * Travassós
 * Turiz
 * Valbom (São Martinho)
 * Valbom (São Pedro)
 * Valdreu
 * Valões
 * Vila de Prado
 * Vila Verde
 * Vilarinho

Vila Viçosa

 * Bencatel
 * Ciladas
 * Pardais
 * Vila Viçosa (Conceição)
 * Vila Viçosa (São Bartolomeu)

Vimioso

 * Algoso
 * Angueira
 * Argozelo
 * Avelanoso
 * Caçarelhos
 * Campo de Víboras
 * Carção
 * Matela
 * Pinelo
 * Santulhão
 * Uva
 * Vale de Frades
 * Vilar Seco
 * Vimioso

Vinhais

 * Agrochão
 * Alvaredos
 * Candedo
 * Celas
 * Curopos
 * Edral
 * Edrosa
 * Ervedosa
 * Fresulfe
 * Mofreita
 * Moimenta
 * Montouto
 * Nunes
 * Ousilhão
 * Paçó
 * Penhas Juntas
 * Pinheiro Novo
 * Quirás
 * Rebordelo
 * Santa Cruz
 * Santalha
 * São Jomil
 * Sobreiro de Baixo
 * Soeira
 * Travanca
 * Tuizelo
 * Vale das Fontes
 * Vale de Janeiro
 * Vila Boa de Ousilhão
 * Vila Verde
 * Vilar de Lomba
 * Vilar de Ossos
 * Vilar de Peregrinos
 * Vilar Seco de Lomba
 * Vinhais

Viseu

 * Abraveses
 * Barreiros
 * Boa Aldeia
 * Bodiosa
 * Calde
 * Campo
 * Cavernães
 * Cepões
 * Cota
 * Couto de Baixo
 * Couto de Cima
 * Fail
 * Farminhão
 * Fragosela
 * Lordosa
 * Mundão
 * Orgens
 * Povolide
 * Ranhados
 * Repeses
 * Ribafeita
 * Rio de Loba
 * Santos Evos
 * São Cipriano
 * São João de Lourosa
 * São Pedro de France
 * São Salvador
 * Silgueiros
 * Torredeita
 * Vil de Souto
 * Vila Chã de Sá
 * Viseu (Coração de Jesus)
 * Viseu (Santa Maria de Viseu)
 * Viseu (São José)

Vizela

 * Caldas de Vizela (São João)
 * Caldas de Vizela (São Miguel)
 * Infias
 * Santa Eulália
 * Tagilde
 * Vizela (Santo Adrião)
 * Vizela (São Paio)

title: List of freguesias of Portugal: V


text:
Balonne Highway

The Balonne Highway, a state highway of Queensland, is the continuation westward of State Route 49 (Moonie Highway) from the town of St George to its termination at Cunnamulla. There are no large settlements between St George and Cunnamulla.

Levee bank at Bollon
A project to construct a levee bank across the highway on the western side of, at a cost of $1.8 million, was completed in June 2021.

Roads of Strategic Importance upgrades
The Roads of Strategic Importance initiative, last updated in March 2022, includes the following projects for the Balonne Highway.

Corridor upgrade
A lead project to upgrade the Townsville to Roma corridor, including sections of the Carnarvon, Dawson, Gregory and Balonne Highways and surrounding state and council roads, at an estimated cost of $125 million, commenced construction of some work projects in 2020. Planning continues for other projects.

St George breakdown pad
A project to construct a breakdown pad on the Balonne Highway at St George at a cost of $2.4 million is planned to be completed by late 2022. This project is targeted for "early works" by the Queensland Government.

title: Balonne Highway


text:
Gersdorf

Gersdorf may refer to:

Places:
 * in Austria
 * Gersdorf an der Feistritz, in Styria, Austria
 * in the Czech Republic
 * Gersdorf, former German name of a village in the Tetschen district, Bohemia
 * in Germany:
 * Gersdorf, Saxony, a municipality in the Chemnitzer Land district, Saxony
 * Gersdorf, part of Bahretal, Saxony
 * Gersdorf, part of Haselbachtal, Saxony
 * Gersdorf, part of Ottendorf-Okrilla, Saxony
 * several parts of towns and municipalities

 * in Poland:
 * Gersdorf, former German name of Dąbie, Lubusz Voivodeship
 * Gersdorf, former German name of Gawroniec, West Pomeranian Voivodeship

People:
 * Ernst Gotthelf Gersdorf, 19th-century German librarian
 * Hans von Gersdorff (surgeon), 16th-century German surgeon
 * Henriette Catharina von Gersdorff, 17th-century German poet
 * Małgorzata Gersdorf (born 1952), Polish judge

title: Gersdorf


text:
Vague (club)

Vague was an influential art club night held at The Warehouse nightclub in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, from 1993 to 1996.

History
Vague metamorphosed from an earlier proto-club night called the Kit Kat Club at Arcadia operated by Suzy Mason and Paul Fryer (former lead-singer of eighties electropop group Bazooka Joe). Fryer and Mason then in brought in Nick Raphael, and debuted Vague at the High Flyers club in Leeds on 10 April 1993, before moving to The Warehouse a month later. Vague blended kitsch with the artistic and theatrical; its outlandish theme and costume parties included a recreation of a day-night out at Blackpool Pleasure Beach only inside the club that was believed to have been filled entirely with beach sand, parasols and miniature fairground rides, a retake on royal garden parties that was held annually and an evening with Vera Duckworth a fictional character from the British soap opera Coronation Street.

The club is credited as being the first in the UK to advertise itself as "mixed" – i.e. for homosexual, heterosexual and polysexual patrons equally, however the claim is not entirely true for example the promoter Leigh Bowery and creator of the Taboo Club night in London in 1985 could be credited with embracing poly-sexual identities in club culture at a much earlier date. Although the vetting of customers on the door at Vague was notoriously strict, for example it was rumoured on some occasions that visiting male heterosexual customers were asked to dress up as a woman, then come back to the club or passionately kiss another male customer in front of door staff, to prove they held no prejudices (a rumour, but never my experience as a heterosexual male - the door staff were always lovingly tolerant of gender and sexuality differences, but Madame JoJo [such a nice person - harsh but fair] - was always delighted to receive a sherbet fountain [not a euphemism] as a sweetener to help accept us non-gay chaps into the club. I hung out with the most flamboyant, spectacular and beautiful queens, yet still met a female, heterosexual partner in the club, which underlines the wonderfully inclusive and eclectic nature of the place). Once inside, the atmosphere was one of tolerance, hedonism, and sexuality.

The British music newspaper Melody Maker featured Vague in 1994 in a review called "For Frock's Sake" and described the club as a "Dance Equivalent of Andy Warhol's The Factory", whilst the Daily Telegraph journalist Tim Willis depicted the scene inside of the club as one of "Bacchanalian excess" for the feature "Up North Where Anything Goes". The pioneering ethos that was behind Vague is what made it so successful years before any other club in the UK adopted a similar safe-space approach, according to Richard Smith speaking in 2006 then editor of Britain's leading gay publication Gay Times on the banning by the UK government of gay straight door policies he stated "one of the most important clubs of the 90s was Trannies With Attitude Vague in Leeds. They – quite consciously – started and worked at building up a big mixed, polysexual club night, and succeeded”. The notoriety of Vague during this period helped to put Leeds firmly on the international club scene radar along with the city's other major house music venue, Back to Basics.

The Vague sound
The club played a mixture of Handbag house, hard house'', hard trance and Classic and electronic Disco music played on the main dance floor, with a more eclectic selection of music played on the upper floor such as Glam punk, Musicals.Rare Soul and Jazz Styles. Resident DJs TWA particularly championed "Techno Disco" or "tesko" (for legal reasons) a brand of disco house at the club. A number of Vague anthems included TWA's Disco Biscuit and Nasty Girls, Atlantic Ocean's Waterfall, Björk's Big Time Sensuality, Lisa Lisa Cult Jam's Let the Beat Hit 'Em, WestBam's Wizards of the Sonic, Fierce Ruling Diva's Get Funky, The Lisa Marie Experience's version of Keep on Jumpin' Keep on Jumpin', Gat Decor's Passion, and Alison Limerick's Where Love Lives. TESKO has been defined as Techno with sex put into it; in other words encapsulating the power of Techno then adding in Funk and the love of Classic Disco.''

DJs
Original resident DJs included Fryer and Raphael as "TWA" (styled as "Trannies With Attitude" or "The World is Androgynous") and Phil Faversham, later residents included Anne Savage Curtis Zack, Daisy & Havoc. Guest DJ's appearing at the club have included Pete Tong for a live recording of the BBC Radio 1 Essential Mix, Guy Williams, Princess Julia, Paulette and Billy da Kid (a.k.a. Billy Hanshaw)

Door hosts
The host who ran the door at Vague was ‘Madame JoJo’, also known as ‘Lady JoJo Queen of the GoGo’. She was also a member of TWA and featured in the Music Video for their song ‘Nasty Girls’. As well as JoJo - the other, was Chico, think an Edinburgh accent maybe? Tall lad, very stylish and flamboyant he was probably the face of the door as we remember.

Final year
In April 1996 a boxed double compilation CD - Vague - Now & Then - was released, its accompanying booklet detailing the history of the club. The night ended after Vague celebrated its third birthday at the Warehouse on 14 September 1996. The organizers then went on to pursue other careers in creative industries, Nick Raphael left to become label manager at FFRR Records and is now president of Capitol Records UK, Paul Fryer moved to London and worked for Fendi as Musical director from 2000 to 2005, he has since carved out a highly successful career as an artist with his work collected by Damien Hirst and Karl Lagerfeld, Suzy Mason partnering Kas Shaw continued in Club Promotion with a similar styled mixed night - called "I-Spy" held at Club NATO in Leeds city centre, the pair then transferred back to the Warehouse on 12 April 1997, soon afterwards it was renamed "Speed Queen," which ran for eleven years before closing in 2008. Speed Queen at the Warehouse was one of three clubs featured in a November 1997 BBC local documentary about Leeds nightlife. Mason subsequently went on to a career in academia and is now a Senior Researcher at the Leeds College of Art. and Phil Faversham went on to work at Ministry of Sound as Club Development Director. Madam JoJo went on to pursue a career in Radio initially with dance music station Kiss 105 then later with Galaxy 105 in Leeds.

Influence on LGTB discourse
The concept of Vague has since been the subject of LGBT discourse and academic research by Dr Kevin Almond at the University of Huddersfield UK through his friendship with Suzy Mason and attendance at Vague, his contributing chapter entitled "Masquerade in Clubland: A Safe Space for Glamour" features in the book Visual Culture and Gender edited by Professor Annette Burfoot at Queen's University Canada. The club and TWA also featured in the book Drag: A History of Female Impersonation in the Performing Arts, A concise history of the drag tradition—from 13th century to today (1995) by Roger Baker, New York University Press.

title: Vague (club)


text:
Talk:Apostasy/to do

 * 1) Condense Apostasy in emerging religions (a.k.a NRMs, or New Religion Movements) and cults, in particular the discussion about the reliability (or lack thereof) of apostates' testimonies as presented by scholars of NRMs.
 * 2) Apostasy in Buddhism
 * 3) elaborate on the apostasy in Roman Catholicism (Catholic encyclopedia can be used as a source)
 * 4) elaborate on the difference between heresy and apostasy
 * 5) Desribe the viewpoints and complaints of apostates for each religion. According to the NPOV policy, every article describing a group should present their views.

title: Talk:Apostasy/to do


text:
Greater Ankara

Greater Ankara refers to the immediate city and centre of the Ankara, Turkey and hence operates as a municipality and administrative area. It has a population of 2,715,000. It may be used in contrast to Outer Ankara.

title: Greater Ankara


text:
Tiago Monteiro

Tiago Vagaroso da Costa Monteiro (born 24 July 1976) is a Portuguese professional racing driver currently competing in the World Touring Car Cup, driving a Honda Civic TCR for Engstler Motorsport. He competed in Formula One between 2005 and 2006 for the Jordan Grand Prix, Midland and Spyker MF1 teams – all different iterations of the same team as it was bought by new owners during a two-year stint as part of the Formula One paddock. He is the only Portuguese driver to have scored a Formula One podium finish, during the controversial 2005 United States Grand Prix.

Monteiro started racing in the World Touring Car Championship in 2007 with Seat Sport, and remained with the Spanish manufacturer until 2012, when he switched to the new Honda team late in the season. He still remains with the Japanese manufacturer in 2019, having achieved his best championship finish of third in 2016, and also helped Honda to win the manufacturers' championship in 2013. He was leading the drivers' championship after 12 races in 2017, but injuries sustained in a crash in testing forced him to withdraw from the rest of the season. Monteiro is a 12-time World Touring Car race winner and achieved the eighth most wins in the WTCC, until it became the World Touring Car Cup in 2018.

Early career
Born in Porto, Monteiro was inspired by his father to begin racing, and drove in the 1997 French Porsche Carrera Cup. He took five wins and five pole positions to become B-class champion and rookie of the year. In 1998, he competed in the French F3 Championship, finishing 12th overall and taking the rookie of the year award. He continued in the championship in 1999, taking one win and three other podium positions to finish sixth overall. He also competed in the Le Mans 24 Hours race, finishing 17th overall and sixth in the GT2 class. In the International Renault Finals held at Estoril, Monteiro claimed the win after taking pole position and the fastest lap of the race.

In 2000, Monteiro again competed in French F3, this time finishing second in the championship after taking four wins throughout the season. He also competed in the single Formula 3 European Championship double-header race, finishing second overall with one win at Spa-Francorchamps. He also competed in a couple of one-off events, coming second in the Korea Super Prix and ninth at the famous Macau Grand Prix. In the Lamborghini Super Trophy, he achieved the fastest lap at Magny-Cours, and took pole position and the fastest lap at Laguna Seca Raceway. In 2001, Monteiro again finished second overall in the French F3 Championship after taking six pole positions, four wins and four podiums. Also competing in the French GT Championship, he managed four pole positions, two class wins and five podium finishes in the GTB class. A one-off entry in the Formula France series saw him win both races, and in the Andros Trophy, he did one fastest lap with a best finishing position of fourth.

In 2002, he stepped up to the F3000 Championship with the Super Nova team, taking five top-ten finishes on his way to 12th in the championship standings. He also completed the Renault F1 Driver Development Scheme, and had his first taste of a Formula One car, testing with the Renault team at Barcelona. In 2003, he joined Fittipaldi Dingman Racing for the Champ Car World Series, achieving a front row start in Mexico City and leading two races. He finished the year with 10 top-ten finishes, scoring 29 points to rank 15th overall in the championship. Monteiro was signed up as an official Minardi F1 test driver for the 2004 season, but also competed in the Nissan World Series with Carlin Motorsport. He was named Rookie of the Year after finishing second in the championship behind Heikki Kovalainen, and was ranked fifth in Autosport magazine's top ten drivers in the Formula One "breeding ground" championships.

Ironically, one of his surnames, "Vagaroso", means "slow" in Portuguese.

Jordan (2005)
After the Midland Group bought Jordan Grand Prix, Monteiro was announced as a full-time race driver alongside Indian Narain Karthikeyan for the 2005 season.

In the United States Grand Prix he achieved his only podium finish in controversial circumstances. Due to concerns over tyre safety, the Michelin-equipped teams pulled out of the race, not taking their place on the grid, and the race was contested only by the three Bridgestone-equipped teams. Monteiro finished third out of six drivers.

At the podium ceremony, at which none of the scheduled dignitaries were present, Ferrari drivers Michael Schumacher and Rubens Barrichello quietly accepted their awards, and quickly exited. Monteiro stayed behind to celebrate his first podium finish alone. The fans in attendance, while booing the majority of the ceremony, rewarded the Portuguese driver with a round of applause.

As of the 2005 United States Grand Prix, Monteiro is currently the most successful Portuguese driver in Formula One history. Pedro Lamy had previously held this record before with one point and sixth place achieved at the 1995 Australian Grand Prix with Minardi. Also of note, as of the Belgian Grand Prix (where he also scored another point), Monteiro had finished every race of the 2005 season, breaking the record for consecutive finishes for a rookie driver in Formula One, held by Jackie Stewart (1965 season) and Olivier Panis (1994 season), who finished their first six races. This record stood until the 2013 season, when British driver Max Chilton finished all 19 races.

Shortly before the 2005 Turkish Grand Prix, Monteiro suffered a toothache that was severe enough to prevent him taking part in the race. However, his team principal Colin Kolles, a qualified dentist, performed emergency root canal surgery and Monteiro was cleared to race. He finished 15th following a collision with Juan Pablo Montoya, which resulted in the Colombian running wide on the penultimate lap and losing second place to Fernando Alonso, thus preventing Montoya's McLaren team scoring its first 1–2 finish since the 2000 Austrian Grand Prix.

Midland (2006)
In 2006 Midland re-signed Monteiro to partner Dutchman Christijan Albers. The two endured a largely uncompetitive season, with their M16 car failing to score a single point, and the pair were regularly outpaced during the year by Toro Rosso and occasionally Super Aguri. In the 18 races, Monteiro retired from six, with his best finish being at the wet-dry Hungarian Grand Prix where he finished ninth, just outside the points-scoring positions with Albers finishing behind in tenth.

On 21 December 2006, it was announced that Monteiro would not be driving for the newly renamed Spyker team in 2007. The highly rated German Adrian Sutil was instead signed on a multi-year contract. Monteiro had briefly held discussions about a drive for Toro Rosso, but these hopes were ended when the Faenza outfit confirmed Vitantonio Liuzzi as a driver at the launch of the STR2 car on 13 February 2007, followed by Scott Speed at a Bahrain testing session on 24 February, leaving Monteiro without a drive for the season.

SEAT (2007–2012)
On 6 March 2007, it was announced that Monteiro would join the SEAT Sport team and would drive in the World Touring Car Championship (WTCC) with a SEAT León.

He was forced to wait until the second round of the 2007 season at Zandvoort to make his debut, as the contract was signed a few days before the season opener in Curitiba. However, he took three podium finishes and a pole position during a successful first season in which he was ranked 11th overall.

In 2008 driving the TDi version of the SEAT León, he took his first win at Puebla in Mexico, and later in the season he won the second race on home ground at Estoril in Portugal. These, other points finishes and a fastest lap during the season, saw him finish 12th overall in the final standings, which was won by SEAT team-mate Yvan Muller with the team also achieving the manufacturer's title.

He stayed with SEAT in 2009, and scored two podiums in Valencia and Brno en route to finishing 9th overall in the drivers standings, contributing to SEAT winning the manufacturers championship. On 13 January 2010, SEAT announced that it would be pulling out of the WTCC from at least the 2010 season. However, on 19 February 2010, it was announced that he would partner 2009 teammates Gabriele Tarquini and Jordi Gene along with Tom Coronel in the renamed SR-Sport team run by Sunred Engineering, which received significant funding from SEAT Sport. He achieved five podium finishes during the season, which included wins at his home event in Portimão and later in the year at Valencia. This was by far his most successful season in recent years as he finished in fifth place overall in the drivers' standings.

On 11 February 2011, it was confirmed that he would once again drive for Sunred Engineering in the forthcoming season, partnering rookies Aleksei Dudukalo and Pepe Oriola, as well as 2010 teammates Michel Nykjaer, Fredy Barth and 2009 champion Gabriele Tarquini.

Monteiro remained with the team for 2012 under the "Tuenti Racing Team" banner, where he was joined by 2011 teammate Pepe Oriola and rookie Andrea Barlesi.

Honda (2012–)
Monteiro joined the Honda Racing Team JAS team from their WTCC debut at the 2012 Race of Japan, racing the new Honda Civic. He scored the first podium finish for the Honda Civic in the WTCC at the 2012 Guia Race of Macau, finishing third in race one.

For the full 2013 season, Monteiro was joined by teammate Gabriele Tarquini. Monteiro went on to take his first win with Honda at Shanghai. Additionally, he scored five further podiums that season to help Honda win the manufacturers' world championship.

For 2014, Monteiro scored 5 podiums and earned 1 pole position on his way to 5th in the final championship standings. Monteiro stayed partnered with Honda and teammate Gabriele Tarquini for 2015. He would score a dominant win in Russia and a win in Honda's home race in Japan.

In 2016, Monteiro would take wins in Slovakia and Portugal. He took five further podiums to finish third in the championship, his best result yet.

In 2017, after taking two wins and five other podium finishes, he was leading the championship comfortably after 12 races, until he sustained serious injuries in an accident caused by a brake failure at Barcelona, Spain in September during testing. Because of the injuries sustained in the crash, he couldn't participate in the remaining races of the season.

In 2018, the series became the World Touring Car Cup (WTCR), and Monteiro was due to switch from JAS Motorsport to Boutsen Ginion Racing and drive the new FK8 Honda Civic Type R TCR, but he was not 100% recovered from his injuries to race in the first eight rounds. He would return to the sport at Suzuka, Japan in November 2018, for the penultimate round of the WTCR calendar, the same track where he made his debut for Honda in 2012 for the WTCC. He was greeted with a round of applause from fellow drivers as he was let out first to the track in Free Practice 1. Due to medical advice he didn't take part in the Season Finale at Macau.

He was set for a full season comeback in 2019 and switch teams from Boutsen Ginion Racing to KCMG, driving the Honda Civic Type R TCR. After a tough start to the season, he would take his first World Touring Car win since the accident in his home race in Portugal.

Team ownership
Monteiro became interested in team ownership during 2008, and held discussions with the BCN Competición team in the GP2 Series on the subject of a possible buy-out. On 27 November he announced that he had purchased the team and renamed it "Ocean Racing Technology". The team had a successful first year in 2009, including a win in the Belgian feature race with Portuguese driver Alvaro Parente. The team also competed in the GP2 Asia Series at the end of the year and the GP3 Series. In the winter of 2012–13, the team withdrew from GP2 and GP3 due to a lack of funding.

Driver management
Monteiro manages the career of fellow Portuguese racing driver António Félix da Costa.

V8 Supercars
On 23 April 2010, it was announced that Monteiro would compete as a "guest" driver in the Gold Coast 600 round of the V8 Supercar Championship Series in Surfers Paradise from 22–24 October 2010. He shared a Holden VE Commodore with Tony D'Alberto, with the car being set up by the Tony D'Alberto Racing team under the Centaur Racing banner. The pair recorded a DNF and a 17th-place finish in their two races.

Personal life
On 16 August 2008, Monteiro married the Portuguese model Diana Pereira. The couple have a daughter, Mel (born in February 2008) and a son, Noah (born in November 2009). After more than a decade together, the couple divorced in 2019. Monteiro is now dating Alexandra Carvalho since 2020.

Career summary

 * Season still in progress.

Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete CART results
(key)

Complete Formula One results
(key)

Complete World Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.

Complete World Touring Car Cup results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.

title: Tiago Monteiro


text:
Jamling Tenzing Norgay

Jamling Tenzing Norgay (born 23 April 1965) is an Indian Sherpa mountaineer based out of Darjeeling.

Biography
Norgay is the son of mountaineer and guide Tenzing Norgay (who first climbed Mount Everest in 1953 with Sir Edmund Hillary) and Daku, his third wife. Jamling Tenzing Norgay himself later followed in his father's footsteps and climbed Mount Everest in 1996 with a team led by David Breashears that also included mountaineer Ed Viesturs and Araceli Segarra, an experience documented in the 1998 IMAX film Everest. In 2002, he and Peter Hillary, the son of Edmund Hillary, were part of an expedition to climb Everest and commemorate the 50th anniversary of the first ascent.

Norgay went on to write Touching My Father's Soul, a book documenting his experiences on the summit attempt. The book was notable for the frankness with which it discussed the relationship between the often wealthy climbers and the Sherpas who obtain their incomes from assisting expeditions. Norgay's book was the first to discuss from the Sherpas' point of view of the disastrous May 1996 climbing season, in which twelve climbers died. It noted that little notice is taken when Sherpas die, but much attention is given when those lost are clients.

Norgay is an alumnus of Northland College.

title: Jamling Tenzing Norgay


text:
The Trivia Encyclopedia

The Trivia Encyclopedia is a 1974 book written by Fred L. Worth.

A best-selling book in its day, The Trivia Encyclopedia was brought back to public consciousness in the 1980s, when author Worth unsuccessfully sued the makers of Trivial Pursuit for copyright infringement. Worth claimed that they had sourced their questions from his books, even to the point of reproducing misprints and typographical errors. The "smoking gun" was Trivial Pursuit's assertion that the TV character of Lt. Columbo had the first name "Philip". This "fact" originally appeared in Worth's book, but it was actually an invention of Worth's that was entirely untrue.

Columbo controversy
Lt. Columbo's first name was never spoken aloud in the TV series Columbo. When pressed, he would insist that it was "Lieutenant".

The "fact" that the Lieutenant's full name was "Philip Columbo" was planted by Worth in his book (and its sequels) in an attempt to catch out anyone who might try to violate his copyright.

In 1984, he filed a $300 million lawsuit against the distributors of the board game Trivial Pursuit, claiming that they had stolen their questions from his books. The apparent ace up his sleeve was a Trivial Pursuit reference to the TV character of "Philip Columbo"—despite the first name "Philip" being an invention of Worth's.

The makers of Trivial Pursuit did not deny that they sourced material from Worth's book. Instead, they argued that:

 * 1) Facts themselves are not eligible for receiving a copyright
 * 2) There was nothing improper about using Worth's book simply as one of the many sources from which the game's fact-based material originated. The judge agreed, also noting that Trivial Pursuit was a substantially different product from an encyclopedia—the board game used and arranged their fact-based material in a very different manner from any of the sources it used. The judge ruled in favor of Trivial Pursuit. The decision was appealed, and in September 1987 the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld the ruling.

Worth asked the Supreme Court of the United States to review the case, but the Court declined, denying certiorari in March 1988.

However, the "Philip Columbo" misinformation lived on in popular culture, at least for the next several years. Several sources cited the name "Philip Columbo" as the Columbo character's full name, variously claiming that the name was either in the original script for the Columbo stage play Prescription: Murder or that it was visible on his police badge. Neither assertion is true. In fact, close-ups in two episodes of a signature on Columbo's police badge reveal that his name is Frank Columbo. Peugeot even ran a 1980s advertising campaign that mentioned "Lt. Philip Columbo" as the most famous driver of the Peugeot convertible.

title: The Trivia Encyclopedia


title: User:O0oO0oO0oO0oO0oO0oO0oO0o


text:
Greater Antalya

Greater Antalya refers to the immediate city and centre of the Antalya, Turkey and hence operates as a municipality and administrative area. It has a population of roughly one million. It may be used in contrast to Outer Antalya.

title: Greater Antalya


text:
Ottendorf

Ottendorf may refer to:

People

 * Nicholas Dietrich, Baron de Ottendorf

Austria

 * Ottendorf an der Rittschein, in Styria

Germany

 * Ottendorf-Okrilla, in the district of Bautzen, Saxony
 * Ottendorf, Schleswig-Holstein, in the Rendsburg-Eckernförde district, Schleswig-Holstein
 * Ottendorf, Thuringia, in the Saale-Holzland-Kreis district, Thuringia
 * Ottendorf (Sebnitz), a village in the municipality of Sebnitz, Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, Saxony
 * A part of Bahretal in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, Saxony

title: Ottendorf