text:
Talk:Wood auger

Comments
I'm not sure the desription of Auger electrons is correct. I've seen it described very differently elsewhere so this interpretation should be used with caution!

-The description of Auger recombination is from Advanced Semiconductor Fundamentals by Robert F Pierret. The key point of the process is when an electron goes from a higher energy state to the lower state, the excess energy is transferred to a second electron, which was already in a higer energy state. In the description I beleive you refer to, that second electron is ejected from the atom. In this description, because we're dealing with a semiconductor crystal, the second electron, as I understand, is in the conduction band initially and is not associated with any particular atom. This second electron is given energy above the normal energy levels in the conduction band, and eventually loses the energy through interactions with the crystal lattice.

-There are some differences in between the descriptions. The description given in Auger electron may be more accurate, maybe not. I'm not an expert enough to know. --69.5.156.155 16:59, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The section Auger is almost completely wrong while Auger electron and Auger electron spectroscopy are decent articles.   I'm going to wipe out this section unless someone disagrees as there's no reason for the surface science content in this article anyway. Alison Chaiken 22:09, 31 December 2005 (UTC)
 * What was needed here was a disambiguation page, Auger (disambiguation). A single article should never deal with several completely unrelated concepts, just because they happen to share the same name.--Srleffler 15:58, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you, that's much better!--Alison Chaiken 18:29, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

I'm just curious if anyone knows about the seeing into the future type Augur, or is that just a modern fantasy term? Highlandlord 18:47, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Thats augury.MadMaxDog 06:21, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Auger
Would it not be good if someone would expand a bit on this article with little more technical description of the mechanical auger? Common terminalogy including "flighting" "pitch" etc. could be used. Cjind (talk) 16:26, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

Merge screw conveyor into this article?
It seems as though the term "auger" is also used for a screw conveyor. From the articles it looks like "auger" refers to a helical screw blade used to move materials, either enclosed in a tube (a screw conveyor) or not (an auger drill). Should the article Screw conveyor be merged into this article? -- Chetvorno TALK 11:35, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

 * It would be more constructive to split off that meaning of auger into the screw conveyor article, and to focus the auger article on the meaning as a big drill. They are certainly overlapping concepts, but the you would never rever to the drill use by the conveyor term, and it makes sense to distinguish these, so two articles seems like a good thing.  Dicklyon (talk) 20:56, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Actually, when I survey dictionaries, I don't see any support for the current definition in the article. It's always a drill.  Shouldn't we fix that?  Dicklyon (talk) 21:49, 24 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I do see a lot of "auger conveyor" as an alternative to "screw conveyor" though. So let's merge those, under one of those title, and take this article back to being about the auger, of the drill sort, OK?  Dicklyon (talk) 21:55, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

Split2 Screw conveyor
As an alternative to the above merge proposal, I suggest we split the material on auger conveyors off to the screw conveyor article, and keep the material about wood and soil augers and other such drills here. Dicklyon (talk) 22:01, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Agree. Seems the most logical organization to me. The hatnotes can be arranged to lead readers to the conveyor sense of the word if that's what they're seeking. — ¾-10 21:47, 25 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Agree. I do see a good deal of reference in industry to "auger conveyors" or "auger material handling systems"  1  2 3 4 5 6  as well as a dictionary entry  7, however I'll agree as long as we include a hatnote or link of some kind. -- Chetvorno TALK 23:02, 1 April 2011 (UTC)

I did the first-cut split/merge job on this. Feel free to tune up both ends of it. Dicklyon (talk) 04:12, 2 April 2011 (UTC)

I think the above change was misguided - ultimately it is the same physical principle that is being displayed by augers whether they are being used for drilling or for conveying (since a drill is ultimately conveying material away from the surface it drills). "Conveying" here also includes things like using an auger for compressing, grinding, and propelling. There is no good reason for separating the two. FOARP (talk) 08:57, 27 July 2017 (UTC)

Toilet Auger
also called a Closet Auger, should be mentioned ==

Cleanup
Wow, this really needs it.--Ifrit (Talk) 12:57, 8 April 2013 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Could someone please add? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.194.145.89 (talk) 09:34, 4 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wood auger


text:
Talk:Operation Gladio

Inaccuracy in the beginning
As you can read by the article itself, the aim of Gladio was not just to face a possible Warsaw Pact invasion, but also to fight any kind of communism rise (expecially in Italy, the Communist Party and the Socialist Party were very strong, and the possibility that they could have won the elections was not so unlikely). So the actual incipit is a little bit reductive. As a non-native speaker I prefer not to edit the article myself, but I would find appropriate to improve it. The Italian version (which you could take the cue from) says, approximately: "Operation Gladio is the codename for a clandestine operation promoted by CIA and NATO during the Cold War to build a "stay-behind" paramilitar structure to oppose the possible attack by the Warsaw Pact countries against the West Europe countries, as well as to fight communism with the use of psychological warfare and the tecniques of the false flag". I see you have issues about the last part of the sentence (psychological warfare and false flag), and I'm not interested in (nor I have the competence to) debating about it properly. However, the fact that Gladio wasn't just created agianst a possible military invasion but also against inner communist forces, is well-known and confirmed, and I think it should be mentioned in the opening lines. Ripepette (talk) 18:00, 21 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Late response, but thanks for pointing this out. Unfortunately, as many american historians ignore and/or disapprove of the italian investigations, I cannot put this as a fact in the headline. But it is necessary to put the results of the judicial and parliamentary investigations. Seekallknowledge (talk) 22:32, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

 * According to the latest, peer-reviewed serious scientific study which is based on recently declassified Italian documents the above myth is finally laid to rest.

 * I quote: "A note from March 1972 specified that the possibility of using ‘Gladio’ in the event of internal subversions, not provided for by the organization’s statute and not supported by NATO directives or plans, was outside the scope of the original stay-behind and, therefore, ‘never to be considered among the purposes of the operation’. The pressure put forward by the Americans during the 1960s to use ‘Gladio’ for purposes other than those of a stay-behind network would appear to have failed in the long term."
 * and:
 * "Finally, General Paolo Inzerilli, Chief of Staff of SISMI and responsible for ‘Gladio’ from 1974 to 1986, in a testimony to the Italian parliament confirmed that during the 1970s, the bilateral agreements between American and Italian services were subject to annual reviews, and they concluded definitively in 1976, thus ending all relations between the CIA and the Italian services regarding stay-behind operations."

 * I intend including this in the article in order to finally start to re-balance the article onto solidly researched information and away from the conspiracy theories. Para medic TaSi (talk) 11:16, 12 May 2021 (UTC)

 * I am noticing a concern with getting the facts right, and that this challenging approach has produced a disjointed and confusing article. A more harmonious approach would be to bring the diverging narratives together in a dialogical style. I have revised the article's introduction according to this approach, and would encourage my fellow editors to apply the same method throughout. HussainHx (talk) 01:01, 18 July 2023 (UTC)

High Fog Index
Based on the third paragraph of the section entitled "Post war creation" ("NATO provided a forum to integrate, coordinate, and optimise... ...in support of SACEUR’s military forces.") this article has a Gunning Fog Index of 18 - is pitched above the reading level of a College Graduate. I am a college graduate and I am finding this article extremely hard going.

Just one example. The sentence, "After the creation of NATO in 1949, the CCWU was integrated into the "Clandestine Planning Committee" (CPC), founded in 1951 and overseen by the SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe), transferred to Belgium after France's official withdrawal from the NATO military organization – but not from NATO – which was not followed by the dissolution of the French stay-behind paramilitary movements." What exactly is being said here? Several events are being assembled into one sentence but it is far from obvious what the order of these events is and whether there is any causal connection between them.

Specifically, what was founded in 1951? NATO, CCWU or CPC? (I can find the answer to this but shouldn't have to if I am reading this.) Was CCWU transferred after the creation of NATO or after the withdrawal of France from the NATO military organisation? What caused (or failed to cause) the dissolution of French stay-behind paramilitary movements?

This article is stacked with prose like this making its usefulness limited.

I took the liberty of deleting the paragraph you refer to. It does not add any information that can not be found elsewhere in the article and, on top of that, in clear English.Para medic TaSi (talk) 09:44, 6 September 2021 (UTC)

Moved quote from intro to Italy section.
But that quote needs contextualizing. Please add context. What efforts is the author referring to in that article? The quote as it stands is vague, and I don't understand to what it specifically refers.

That information needs to be added.

Ollie Garkey (talk) 16:24, 2 June 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Operation Gladio


text:
Merrick

Merrick may refer to:

America

 * Merrick, New York, a hamlet and census-designated place
 * Merrick, West Springfield, a neighborhood in western Massachusetts
 * Merrick County, Nebraska
 * Merrick State Park, Wisconsin

Antarctica

 * Merrick Mountains, Palmer Land, Antarctica
 * Merrick Glacier, Oates Land, Antarctica
 * Merrick Point, Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica

Britain

 * Merrick (Galloway), a mountain in southern Scotland

People

 * Merrick (surname)
 * Merrick (given name)
 * Chris Hughes (musician) (born 1954), also known as Merrick, British record producer and musician

Arts and entertainment

 * Merrick Mayfair, a character in The Vampire Chronicles series by Anne Rice
 * Merrick (novel), by Anne Rice
 * Merrick Baliton, one of the Wild Force Power Rangers in the Power Rangers universe
 * Merrick, Buffy's mentor in the 1992 film Buffy the Vampire Slayer
 * Antoc Merrick, a Rebel pilot and general in the film Rogue One: A Star Wars Story
 * Bob Merrick, the male lead character in the 1954 film Magnificent Obsession, played by Rock Hudson
 * Jackie Merrick, a minor character in the British soap opera Emmerdale Farm
 * Trish Merrick, a character in the TV series Jericho

Other uses

 * 65672 Merrick, an asteroid
 * Merrick Road, known as Merrick Boulevard in New York City
 * Merrick station, a Long Island Rail Road station in Merrick, New York
 * Merrick Art Gallery, an early private art museum in western Pennsylvania, on the National Register of Historic Places
 * USS Merrick (AKA-97), a US Navy attack cargo ship

title: Merrick


text: File:SmashMouthAlbum.jpg

title: File:SmashMouthAlbum.jpg


text:
Jose Roman

Jose Roman may refer to:
 * José Roman (boxer) (born 1946), boxer from Puerto Rico
 * José Román (baseball) (born 1963), baseball pitcher from the Dominican Republic
 * José Román Abreu, Puerto Rican politician and mayor of San Lorenzo

title: Jose Roman


text:
Diades of Pella

Diades of Pella (Διάδης Πελλαίος Diadis Pelleos), surnamed the "Besieger" (Πολιορκητής Poliorkitis), was a Thessalian inventor of many siege engines, student of Philip II's military engineer Polyidus of Thessaly.

He lived in the 4th century BC. Diades accompanied Alexander the Great in his campaigns to the East. He constructed (or improved) movable towers, battering rams, scaling engines used to scale walls and battering cranes used for the destruction of city walls. Diades was known as "the man who took Tyre with Alexander". He also wrote a treatise on machinery. (Vitruvius vii, introduction)

title: Diades of Pella


text: User talk:204.131.29.252

title: User talk:204.131.29.252


text:
USS Princeton (1843)

USS Princeton was a screw steam warship of the United States Navy. Commanded by Captain Robert F. Stockton, Princeton was launched on September 5, 1843.

On February 28, 1844, during a Potomac River pleasure cruise for dignitaries, one gun exploded, killing six people, including Secretary of State Abel P. Upshur and Secretary of the Navy Thomas Walker Gilmer, and injuring others, including a United States Senator and Captain Stockton. The disaster on board the Princeton killed more top U.S. government officials in one day than any other tragedy in American history. President John Tyler, who was aboard but below decks, was not injured. The ship's reputation in the Navy never recovered.

Early history
Princeton was laid down on October 20, 1842, at the Philadelphia Navy Yard as a 700 LT corvette. The designer of the ship and main supervisor of construction was the Swedish inventor John Ericsson, who later designed USS Monitor. The construction was partly supervised by Captain Stockton, who had secured political support for the ship's construction. The ship was named after Princeton, New Jersey, site of an American victory in the Revolutionary War and hometown of the prominent Stockton family. The ship was launched on September 5, 1843, and commissioned on September 9, 1843, with Captain Stockton commanding.

Princeton made a trial trip in the Delaware River on October 12, 1843. She departed Philadelphia on October 17 for a sea trial, proceeded to New York, where she raced and easily beat the British steamer SS Great Western, and returned to Philadelphia on October 20 to finish outfitting. On November 22, Captain Stockton reported, "Princeton will be ready for sea in a week." On November 28, he dressed ship and received visitors on board for inspection. On November 30, she towed USS Raritan (1843) down the Delaware and later returned to the Philadelphia Navy Yard. Princeton sailed on January 1, 1844, for New York, where she received her two big guns, "Peacemaker" and "Oregon". Princeton sailed to Washington on February 13. Washingtonians displayed great interest in the ship and her guns. She made trial trips with passengers on board down the Potomac River on February 16, 18, and 20, during which "Peacemaker" was fired several times. The Tyler administration promoted the ship as part of its campaign for naval expansion, and Congress adjourned for February 20 so that members could tour the ship. Former President John Quincy Adams, now a congressman and skeptical of both territorial expansion and the armaments required to support it, said the Navy welcomed politicians "to fire their souls with patriotic ardor for a naval war".

Machinery
Princeton was the first ship with screw propellers powered by an engine mounted below the waterline to protect them from gunfire. Her two vibrating lever engines, designed by Ericsson, were built by Merrick & Towne. They burned hard coal and drove a 14 ft six-bladed screw. Ericsson also designed the ship's collapsible funnel, an improved range-finder, and recoil systems for the main guns.

Guns
Twelve 42 lb carronades were mounted within the ship's iron hull.

Ericsson had also designed the ship to mount one long gun.

The gun, a smooth bore muzzleloader made of wrought iron, was built by Mersey Iron Works in Liverpool, England. It could fire a 225 lb, 12 in shot 5 mi using a 50 lb charge. Its revolutionary design used "built-up construction", placing red-hot iron hoops around the breech end of the weapon, which pre-tensioned the gun and greatly increased the charge the breech could withstand. Originally named "The Orator" by Ericsson, Stockton renamed it the "Oregon gun." It was shipped to the United States in 1841, where it was tested, reinforced to prevent cracks, and proof-fired more than 150 times.

Captain Stockton wanted his ship to carry two long guns, so he designed and directed the construction of "Peacemaker", another 12 in muzzleloader, by Hogg and DeLamater of New York City. "Peacemaker" was built with older forging technology, creating a larger gun of more impressive appearance but lower strength. Stockton rushed "Peacemaker" and mounted it without much testing. According to Kilner, "Peacemaker" was "fired only five times before certifying it as accurate and fully proofed."

Attempting to copy the "Oregon gun," but not understanding the importance of Ericsson's hoop construction, Stockton instead heavily reinforced it at the breech simply by making the metal of the gun thicker, ending up with a weight of more than 27000 lb, more than half again as heavy as the Oregon gun. This produced a gun with the typical weakness of a wrought iron gun, the breech unable to withstand the transverse forces of the charge. This meant it was almost certain to burst at some point.

1844 Peacemaker accident
President Tyler hosted a public reception for Stockton in the White House on February 27, 1844. On February 28, USS Princeton departed Alexandria, Virginia, on a demonstration cruise down the Potomac with Tyler, members of his cabinet, former First Lady Dolley Madison, Senators Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri, Nathaniel P. Tallmadge of New York, William Cabell Rives of Virginia, Samuel S. Phelps of Vermont, Spencer Jarnagin of Tennessee, Edward A. Hannegan of Indiana, and about 400 guests. Captain Stockton decided to fire the larger of the ship's two long guns, Peacemaker, to impress his guests. Peacemaker was fired three times on the trip downriver and was loaded to fire a salute to George Washington as the ship passed Mount Vernon on the return trip. The guests aboard viewed the first set of firings and then retired below decks for lunch and refreshments.

Secretary Gilmer urged those aboard to view a final shot with the Peacemaker. When Captain Stockton pulled the firing lanyard, the gun burst. Its left side failed, spraying hot metal across the deck and fragmentation into the crowd.

Six men were instantly killed:
 * Secretary of State Abel Upshur
 * Secretary of the Navy Thomas Walker Gilmer
 * Captain Beverley Kennon, Chief of the Bureau of Construction, Equipment and Repairs
 * Armistead, an enslaved African-American who worked as President Tyler's valet
 * David Gardiner, a New York lawyer and politician
 * Virgil Maxcy, a Maryland attorney with decades of experience as a state and federal officeholder

Another 16 to 20 people were injured, including several members of the ship's crew, Senator Benton, and Captain Stockton. The president was below decks and not injured.

Aftermath
Rather than ascribe responsibility for the explosion to individuals, Tyler wrote to Congress the next day that the disaster "must be set down as one of the casualties which, to a greater or lesser degree, attend upon every service, and which are invariably incident to the temporal affairs of mankind". He said it should not affect lawmakers' positive assessment of Stockton and his improvements in ship construction.

Plans to construct more ships modeled on Princeton were promptly scrapped. Still, Tyler won Congressional approval to construct a single gun on the dimensions of the Peacemaker, fired once and never mounted. A Court of Inquiry investigated the cause of the explosion and found that all those involved had taken appropriate precautions. At Stockton's request, the Committee on Science and Arts of the Franklin Institute conducted its own inquiry, which criticized many details of the manufacturing process, as well as the use of a welded band for reinforcement rather than the shrinking technique used on the Oregon. Ericsson, whom Stockton had originally paid $1,150 for designing and outfitting Princeton, sought another $15,000 for his additional efforts and expertise. He sued Stockton for payment and won in court, but the funds were never appropriated. Stockton went on to serve as Military Governor of California and a United States Senator from New Jersey. Ericsson had a distinguished career in naval design and is best known for his work on USS Monitor, the U.S. Navy's first ironclad warship.

To succeed Gilmer as Secretary of the Navy, Tyler appointed John Y. Mason, another Virginian; John C. Calhoun was Tyler's replacement for Secretary of State Upshur. Upshur was about to win Senate approval of a treaty annexing Texas when he died. Under Calhoun, annexation was delayed and became a principal issue in the presidential election of 1844.

Julia Gardiner, who was below decks on Princeton when her father David died in the Peacemaker explosion, became First Lady of the United States four months later. She had declined President Tyler's marriage proposal a year earlier, and sometime in 1843, they agreed they would marry but set no date. The President had lost his first wife in September 1842, and at the time of the explosion, he was almost 54. Julia was not yet 24. She later explained that her father's death changed her feelings for the President: "After I lost my father I felt differently toward the President. He seemed to fill the place and to be more agreeable in every way than any younger man ever was or could be." Because he had been widowed less than two years and her father had died so recently, they married in the presence of just a few family members in New York City on June 26, 1844. A public announcement followed the ceremony. They had seven children before Tyler died in 1862, and his wife never remarried. In 1888, Julia Gardiner told journalist Nellie Bly that at the moment of the Peacemaker explosion, "I fainted and did not revive until someone was carrying me off the boat, and I struggled so that I almost knocked us both off the gangplank". She said she later learned that President Tyler was her rescuer. Some historians question her account.

The Peacemaker disaster prompted a reexamination of the process used to manufacture cannons. This led to the development of new techniques that produced cannons that were stronger and more structurally sound, such as the systems pioneered by Thomas Rodman and John A. Dahlgren.

Later history
During construction and in the years following, Stockton attempted to claim complete credit for the design and construction of Princeton.

Princeton was employed with the Home Squadron from 1845 to 1847. She later served in the Mediterranean from August 17, 1847, to June 24, 1849. Upon her return from Europe, she was surveyed and found to require $68,000 ($ in present-day terms) to replace decaying timber and make other repairs. The price was deemed unacceptable, and a second survey was ordered. She was broken up at the Boston Navy Yard that October and November.

Legacy
In 1851, her "Ericsson semi-cylinder" design engines and some usable timbers were incorporated in the construction of the second USS Princeton (1851).

The "Oregon" gun is on display inside the main gate of the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.

The ship's bell was displayed during the 1907 Jamestown Exposition. It was later installed on the porch of Princeton University's Thomson Hall, which was constructed as a private residence in 1825 by Robert Stockton's father Richard. It is now on display at the Princeton Battle Monument, near Princeton's borough hall.

title: USS Princeton (1843)


text:
Prime number theory

Prime number theory may refer to:

 * Prime number
 * Prime number theorem
 * Number theory

title: Prime number theory


text:
Startling Stories

Startling Stories was an American pulp science fiction magazine, published from 1939 to 1955 by publisher Ned Pines' Standard Magazines. It was initially edited by Mort Weisinger, who was also the editor of Thrilling Wonder Stories, Standard's other science fiction title. Startling ran a lead novel in every issue; the first was The Black Flame by Stanley G. Weinbaum. When Standard Magazines acquired Thrilling Wonder in 1936, it also gained the rights to stories published in that magazine's predecessor, Wonder Stories, and selections from this early material were reprinted in Startling as "Hall of Fame" stories. Under Weisinger the magazine focused on younger readers and, when Weisinger was replaced by Oscar J. Friend in 1941, the magazine became even more juvenile in focus, with clichéd cover art and letters answered by a "Sergeant Saturn". Friend was replaced by Sam Merwin Jr. in 1945, and Merwin was able to improve the quality of the fiction substantially, publishing Arthur C. Clarke's Against the Fall of Night, and several other well-received stories.

Much of Startling's cover art was painted by Earle K. Bergey, who became strongly associated with the magazine, painting almost every cover between 1940 and 1952. He was known for equipping his heroines with brass bras and implausible costumes, and the public image of science fiction in his day was partly created by his work for Startling and other magazines. Merwin left in 1951, and Samuel Mines took over; the standard remained fairly high but competition from new and better-paying markets such as Galaxy Science Fiction and The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction impaired Mines' ability to acquire quality material. In mid-1952, Standard attempted to change Startling's image by adopting a more sober title typeface and reducing the sensationalism of the covers, but by 1955 the pulp magazine market was collapsing. Startling absorbed its two companion magazines, Thrilling Wonder and Fantastic Story Magazine, in early 1955, but by the end of that year it too ceased publication.

Ron Hanna of Wild Cat Books revived Startling Stories in 2007. Wild Cat Books folded in 2013. A statement of the closure is still posted on the Facebook page All Pulp dated March 12, 2013 (as of January 29, 2019). The magazine was again revived by John Gregory Betancourt's Wildside Press in February 2021, with Douglas Draa as editor.

Publication history
Although science fiction had been published before the 1920s, it did not begin to coalesce into a separately marketed genre until the appearance in 1926 of Amazing Stories, a pulp magazine published by Hugo Gernsback. By the end of the 1930s the field was booming. Standard Magazines, a pulp publishing company owned by Ned Pines, acquired its first science fiction magazine, Thrilling Wonder Stories, from Gernsback in 1936. Mort Weisinger, the editor of Thrilling Wonder, printed an editorial in February 1938 asking readers for suggestions for a companion magazine. Response was positive, and the new magazine, titled Startling Stories, was duly launched, with a first issue (pulp-sized, rather than bedsheet-sized, as many readers had requested), dated January 1939. Initial pay rates were half a cent per word, lower than the leading magazines of the day.

Startling was launched on a bimonthly schedule, alternating months with Thrilling Wonder Stories, though in 1940 Thrilling moved to a monthly schedule that lasted for over a year. The first editor was Mort Weisinger, who had been an active fan in the early 1930s and had joined Standard Magazines in 1935, editing Thrilling Wonder from 1936. Weisinger left in 1941 to take a new post as editor of Superman, and was replaced by Oscar J. Friend, who was an established writer of pulp fiction, though his experience was in western fiction rather than sf. During Friend's tenure Startling slipped from bimonthly to quarterly publication. Friend lasted for a little over two years, and was replaced by Sam Merwin Jr., as of the Winter 1945 issue.

Merwin succeeded in making Startling popular and successful, and the bimonthly schedule was resumed in 1947. At the start of 1952 Startling switched to a monthly schedule; this was unusual in that Startling was notionally junior to Thrilling Wonder, its sister magazine, which remained bimonthly. Merwin left shortly before this switch, in order to spend more time on his own writing. He was replaced by Samuel Mines, who had worked with Standard's Western magazines, though he was a science fiction aficionado.

Street & Smith, one of the longest established and most respected publishers, shut down all of their pulp magazines in the summer of 1949. The pulps were dying, partially as a result of the success of paperbacks. Standard continued with Startling and Thrilling, but the end came only a few years later. In 1954, Fredric Wertham published Seduction of the Innocent, a book in which he asserted that comics were inciting children to violence. A subsequent Senate subcommittee hearing led to a backlash against comics, and the publishers dropped titles in response. The financial impact spread to pulp magazines, since often a publisher would publish both. A 1955 strike by American News Corporation, the main distributor in the U.S., meant that magazines remained in warehouses and never made it to the newsstands; the unsold copies represented a significant financial blow and contributed to publishers' decisions to cancel magazines. Startling was one of the casualties. The schedule had already returned from monthly to bimonthly in 1953, and it became a quarterly in early 1954. Thrilling Wonder published its last issue in early 1955, and was then merged with Startling, as was Fantastic Story Magazine, another companion publication, but the combined magazine lasted only three more issues. Mines left the magazine at the end of 1954; he was succeeded for two issues by Theron Raines, who was followed by Herbert D. Kastle for the last two. The final issue was dated Fall 1955.

War years
From the beginning, every issue of Startling contained a complete novel, along with one or two short stories; long stories did not appear since the publisher's policy was to avoid serials. When Standard Magazines had bought Wonder Stories in 1936, they had also acquired rights to reprint the stories that had appeared in it and in its predecessor magazines, Air Wonder Stories and Science Wonder Stories, and so Startling also included a "Hall of Fame" reprint from one of these magazines in every issue. The first lead novel was The Black Flame, a revised version of "Dawn of Flame", a story by Stanley Weinbaum that had previously appeared only in an edition limited to 250 copies. There was also a tribute to Weinbaum, written by Otto Binder; Weinbaum had died in 1935 and was well regarded, so even though the story was not one of his best, it was excellent publicity for the magazine. Otto and his brother, Earl, also contributed a story, "Science Island", under their joint pseudonym Eando Binder. The "Hall of Fame" reprint was D.D. Sharp's "The Eternal Man", from 1929. Other features included a pictorial article on Albert Einstein, and a set of biographical sketches of scientists, titled "Thrills in Science". The letter column was called "The Ether Vibrates", and there was a regular fanzine review column, providing contact information so that readers could obtain the fanzines directly. Initially the stories for the "Hall of Fame" were chosen by the editor, but soon Weisinger recruited well-known science fiction fans to make the choices.

Startling was popular, and soon "became one of the core science fiction magazines", according to science fiction historian Mike Ashley. The target audience was younger readers, and the lead novels were often space operas by well-known pulp writers such as Edmond Hamilton and Manly Wade Wellman. In addition to space opera, some more fantastical fiction began to appear, contributed by writers such as Henry Kuttner. These early science fantasy stories were popular with the readers, and contrasted with the hard science fiction that John W. Campbell was pioneering at Astounding.

Weisinger set out to please the younger readers, and when Friend became editor in 1941, he went further in this direction, giving the magazine a strongly juvenile flavor. For example, Friend introduced "Sergeant Saturn", a character (originally from Thrilling Wonder Stories) who answered readers' letters and appeared in other features in the magazine. Many subscribers found the approach irritating.

The interior artwork was initially done by Hans Wessolowski (more usually known as "Wesso"), Mark Marchioni and Alex Schomburg, and occasionally Virgil Finlay. The initial cover art was mostly painted by Howard Brown, but when Earle K. Bergey began to paint covers for Startling in 1940, soon after its launch, Bergey quickly became identified with the magazine; between 1940 and 1952 (the year of Bergey's death) he painted the great majority of covers. Bergey's covers were visually striking: in the words of science fiction editor and critic Malcolm Edwards, they typically featured "a rugged hero, a desperate heroine (in either a metallic bikini or a dangerous state of déshabillé) and a hideous alien menace". The brass bra motif came to be associated with Bergey, and his covers did much to create the image of science fiction as it was perceived by the general public.

Merwin and after
When Merwin became editor in 1945 he brought changes, but artist Earle K. Bergey retained the creative freedom he had come to expect given his relationship with Standard. Some argue that Bergey's covers became more realistic, and Merwin managed to improve the interiors of Startling to the point of being a serious rival to Astounding, acknowledged leader of the field. Critics' opinions vary on the relative quality of the magazines of this era; Malcolm Edwards regards Startling as second only to Astounding, but Ashley considers Thrilling Wonder to be Astounding's closest challenger in the late 1940s. Merwin's discoveries included Jack Vance, whose first story, "The World Thinker", appeared in the Summer 1945 issue. He also regularly published work by Henry Kuttner and C.L. Moore, who wrote both under Kuttner's name and as "Keith Hammond": in a four-year period from 1946 to 1949 the writing team of Kuttner and Moore had seven novels published in Startling, mostly science fantasy, a subgenre not common at that time. Notable novels that appeared in the late 1940s include Fredric Brown's What Mad Universe and Charles L. Harness's Flight Into Yesterday, later published in book form as The Paradox Men. Arthur C. Clarke's novel The City and the Stars first saw print in Startling in abbreviated form, in the November 1948 issue, under the title Against the Fall of Night.

One novel that did not appear in Startling was Isaac Asimov's Pebble in the Sky, which Merwin had commissioned from Asimov in the early summer of 1947. After the unusual step of allowing the editor to twice read the work-in-progress and receiving nothing but approval, Asimov delivered a completed draft in September. This time, Merwin asked for revisions: Leo Margulies, Merwin's boss, had decided that Startling needed to focus more on action and adventure in the style of Amazing, and less on cerebral stories in the style of Astounding. Asimov, "for the first and only time of [his] life...openly lost [his] temper with an editor", stalked out of the room with his manuscript and never submitted anything to Merwin again, though he later expressed a softening of feeling and admitted Merwin had been within his rights.

Another title in the Standard Magazines stable was Captain Future, which had been launched a year after Startling, and featured the adventures of the superhero after whom the magazine was named. When it folded with its Spring 1944 issue, the series of novels was continued for some time in the pages of Startling; over the next six years ten more "Captain Future" novels appeared, with the last one, Birthplace of Creation, printed in the May 1951 issue.

Merwin's successor, Mines, also published some excellent work, though increased competition in the early 1950s from Galaxy and The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction did lead to some dilution of quality, and Startling's rates—one to two cents per word—could not compete with the leading magazines. However, Startling's editorial policy was more eclectic: it did not limit itself to one kind of story, but printed everything from melodramatic space opera to sociological sf, and Mines had a reputation as having "the most catholic tastes and the fewest inhibitions" of any of the science fiction magazine editors. In late 1952, Mines published Philip José Farmer's "The Lovers", a taboo-breaking story about aliens who can reproduce only by mating with humans. Illustrated with an eye-popping cover by Bergey, Farmer's ground-breaking story integrated sex into the plot without being prurient, and was widely praised. Farmer, partly as a consequence, went on to win a Hugo Award as "Most Promising New Writer". New authors first published by Mines include Frank Herbert, who debuted with "Looking for Something?" in April 1952, and Robert F. Young, whose first story, "The Black Deep Thou Wingest", appeared in June 1953. The artwork was also high quality; Virgil Finlay's interior illustrations were "unparalleled", according to science fiction historian Robert Ewald. Other well-known artists who contributed interior work included Alex Schomburg and Kelly Freas.

Startling's instantly recognizable title logo was redolent of the magazine's pulp roots, and in early 1952 Mines decided to replace it with a more staid typeface. The covers became more sober, with spaceships replacing the women in brass bras. With the Spring 1955 issue, at the start of its final year, Startling dropped its long-standing policy of printing a novel in every issue, but only three issues later it ceased publication.

Bibliographic details

 * Mort Weisinger: January 1939 – May 1941.
 * Oscar J. Friend: July 1941 – Fall 1944.
 * Sam Merwin Jr.: Winter 1945 – September 1951.
 * Samuel Mines: November 1951 – Fall 1954.
 * Theron Raines: Winter 1955 – Spring 1955.
 * Herbert D. Kastle: Summer 1955 – Fall 1955.

Startling was a pulp-sized magazine for all of its 99 issues. It initially was 132 pages, and was priced at 15 cents. The page count was reduced to 116 pages with the Summer 1944 issue and then increased to 148 pages with the March 1948 issue, at which time the price went up to 20 cents. The price increased again, to 25 cents, in November 1948, and the page count increased again to 180 pages. This higher page count did not last; it was reduced to 164 in March 1949 and then again to 148 pages in July 1951. The October 1953 issue saw the page count drop again, to 132, and a year later the Fall 1954 issue cut the page count to 116. The magazine remained at 116 pages and a price of 25 cents for the rest of its existence.

The original bimonthly schedule continued until the March 1943 issue, which was followed by June 1943 and then Fall 1943. This inaugurated a quarterly schedule that ran until Fall 1946, except that an additional issue, dated March, was inserted between the Winter 1946 and Spring 1946 issues. The next issue, January 1947, began another bimonthly sequence, which ran without interruption until November 1951. With the following issue, January 1952, Startling switched to a monthly schedule, which lasted until the June 1953 issue which was followed by August and October 1953 and then January 1954. The next issue was Spring 1954, and the magazine stayed on a quarterly schedule from then until the last issue, Fall 1955.

There was a British reprint edition from Pembertons between 1949 and 1954. These were heavily cut, with sometimes only one or two stories and usually only 64 pages, though the October and December 1952 issues both had 80 pages. It was published irregularly; initially once or twice a year, and then more or less bimonthly beginning in mid-1952. The issues were numbered from 1 to 18. Three different Canadian reprint editions also appeared for a total of 21 or 22 issues (sources differ on the correct number). Six quarterly issues appeared from Summer 1945 through Fall 1946 from Publication Enterprises, Ltd.; then another three bimonthly issues appeared, from May to September 1948, from Pines Publications. Finally 12 more bimonthly issues appeared from March 1949 to January 1951, from Better Publications of Canada. All these issues were almost identical to the American versions, although they are 0.5 in taller. A Mexican magazine, Enigmas, ran for 16 issues from August 1955 to May 1958; it included many reprints, primarily from Startling and from Fantastic Story Magazine.

Derivative anthologies
Two anthologies of stories from Startling have been published. In 1949 Merlin Press brought out From Off This World, edited by Leo Margulies and Oscar Friend, which included stories that had appeared in the "Hall of Fame" reprint section of the magazine. Then in 1954 Samuel Mines edited The Best from Startling Stories, published by Henry Holt; despite the title, the stories were reprinted from both Startling and its sister magazine, Thrilling Wonder Stories. The anthology was reprinted twice in the UK under different titles; as Startling Stories in 1954, published by Cassell, and then in 1956 as a Science Fiction Book Club edition titled Moment in Time. P. Schuyler Miller praised it as "an excellent collection by anyone's standards."

title: Startling Stories


text:
Panzara River

The Panzara-Kan or Panjhra is a river in the Khandesh region of Maharashtra state of India. It is a tributary of the Tapi River. The Panjhra River originates just few kilometers from the small town of Pimpalner Tal - Sakri in Dhule District.

Akkalpada Dam is built on Panzara River in Sakri Taluka

At its headwaters is a small reservoir which was created when the Latipada Dam was constructed.

title: Panzara River


text:
User talk:Spyros Pantenas

JFW | T@lk  18:24, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Anal cancer
You added information to anal cancer which was straight from another website. Wikipedia does not accept copyright violations. Unless you can prove the cancer-info site approves of this, their information is copyright. This page states that their material is copyrighted. Please only add original material. Thank you. JFW | T@lk  18:24, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

radio show about Wikipedia
Hi Spyros-

My name is Robin Amer and I’m a producer for an American public radio show called Open Source, which you can check out at www.radioopensource.org.

I’m writing you because this week we’re doing a show on Wikipedia including an interview with Jim Wales. We’re also looking for some particularly passionate and interesting Wikipedia users to talk to, especially users outside the US or users who post in more than one language. I would love to talk to you about your involvement with the site. If you are interested, please give me a call at 617-497-8096, or email me at robinamer@riseup.net and send me your phone number.

Thanks so much.

Best, Robin Amer www.radioopensource.org

Category
Hi! Usually, there has to be public discussion of a new category before it's created. Plus, there were some formatting problems with the way you had it outlined. I've never done it before, so you might want to check in at the help desk for the answer. I'm all for the new category, by the way. Good luck! - Lucky 6.9 01:34, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Hi, again. The proper name should be. I tried to move the entry, but this is a specialized move. You may have to manually recreate it under the new title. - Lucky 6.9 01:43, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

One more "hi." :) I've moved the content to List of Bulgarian patriots for now until we can get the category mess straightened out. - Lucky 6.9 01:49, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

ok thanks

Redirects
On 11-Feb, you created a "soft" redirect from Nikos Belogiannis to Nikos Beloyannis. You should do a real redirect in cases like this. The instructions for how are at Redirect. I've fixed this one, but if you need help in the future, let me know. Thanks! -- JLaTondre 15:13, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Flvrakhs.png
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Jeans Revolution
Hey Spyros,

I noticed this edit on the article of the Jeans revolution. I checked the sources mentioned, and the numbers as they were before were correct. Also, the refereal of western sources as fascist sponsors of the revolution is an opinionated addition. As such, I reversed your edits.

Cheers, The Minist   e   r of War   (Peace) 11:07, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

Please stop adding blatant opinion to wikipedia articles. See our policy on WP:NPOV. Deliberately inserting non-neutral material may be considered vandalism. Thanks. --Doc ask?  11:28, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Doc ask?  11:43, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Stadion-Bg-armia.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Stadion-Bg-armia.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

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Image Tagging Image:Stadion-Bg-armia.jpg
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Orphaned fair use image (Image:AaLogo2.gif)
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License tagging for Image:Shakita puppies at 1.5 months.jpg
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License tagging for Image:LUCY 1.5 months 2.jpg
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Images
If it's image licensing you need help with, you may want to tag your own creations with PD-self or GFDL-self, if one of those is in line with the rights you wish to grant. (It's preferred to avoid images that are "fair use", so ideally you'd grant at least the latter.)

BTW, can you fix your signature so that it links to your user page (or user talk page)? If you're signing by hand, try using four tildes ( ~ ); if you're already doing that, edit your signature in "my preferences", and see how to fix your signature. Alai 16:33, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Yassou Spyros
I think it should definitely be a disambiguation page. Plovdiv was certainly a more important Roman city (and capital of Thrace) than some obscure fort in Scotland. I've been bold and edited the article accordingly. Todor→Bozhinov 17:20, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Comber
Regarding the article Comber. Do not delete the contents of the page and replace them on a different article. The article Comber of the town was there first, if you want a link to another article then put a disambiguation link at the top of the Comber article. DOing what you did destroys the historys of the page. Ben W Bell  talk  18:50, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Zdrasti Spyros
Well, it's pretty much the same as with Tarnovo and Veliko Tarnovo: the Velik(a/o/i) part means "Great" (as you certainly know) and it was added later to distinguish the city as a glorious medieval fortress and capital. I see nothing wrong with sharing the name between the medieval capital and the small modern city, although I agree it could be done with the modern city at Veliki Preslav and the medieval capital at Preslav. The Bulgarian wiki also has the under the same heading, for example. Todor→Bozhinov 18:07, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
 * They're not on two different locations, the ruins of the medieval Preslav are in the vicinity of modern Preslav, but as you know cities sometimes move a bit for various reasons :) Of course, the modern Preslav was just a village near the ruins which was given that name as late as 1878, after the ruins were discovered. But nevertheless — a similar thing happened to Athens as far as I know — an ancient capital reduced to a mere village and then restored to its former glory. I agree the Preslav article should be expanded considerably, though — it deserves it. By the way, how is it that you know Bulgarian? :) Todor→Bozhinov 18:28, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Akita Shepherd
An editor has nominated Akita Shepherd, an article on which you have worked or that you created, for deletion. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "What Wikipedia is not"). Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you. Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. Jayden54Bot 21:57, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Up for some translation?
You had volunteered at one point to help with translations...the article Topoliana is currently listed at WP:PNT and will be deleted if it isn't translated soon.  AK Radecki  00:31, 26 May 2007 (UTC)
 * No problem. Thanks for taking a look at it and letting me know about its lack of notability. Would you mind if I call on you in the future to review such articles? Thanks!  AK Radecki  16:09, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:Shakita_puppies_at_1.5_months.jpg listed for deletion
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Image copyright problem with Image:Intelekta.gif
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Typo redirect All Workers Struggling Front
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on All Workers Struggling Front, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because All Workers Struggling Front is a redirect page resulting from an implausible typo (CSD R3). To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting All Workers Struggling Front, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that '''this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. To see the user who deleted the page, click here''' CSDWarnBot (talk) 12:00, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

RfD nomination of "Don't Know What You Got (Till It's Gone)"
I have nominated for discussion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. Floaterfluss (talk) (contribs) 04:25, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Farmacophobia
A tag has been placed on Farmacophobia requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

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Victor Tsytskov
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Victor Tsytskov, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add  to the top of Victor Tsytskov. Russ (talk) 11:45, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Victor Chuchkov
Another editor has added the "prod" template to the article Victor Chuchkov, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the editor doesn't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and has explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Notability). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia or discuss the relevant issues at its talk page. If you remove the prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. BJBot (talk) 03:59, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

Notability of Kierston Wareing
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WikiProject TRANSWIKI
You are invited to join WikiProject TRANSWIKI and join the sub language project of your choice. The aim is to draw up a full directory of missing articles from other wikipedias by language and build a team of translators to work at bridging the gaps in knowledge between other wikipedias. Dr. Blofeld       White cat 17:25, 1 August 2009 (UTC)

Talk:Motorcycle
Hi. Would you please edit your comment at Talk:Motorcycle to remove the copy of the article you pasted in? All that does is mess up the formatting of the talk page, and it is completely unnecessaary. The last version of the page Motorcycle mechanic is right here and it isn't going anywhere. Anyone can see it by clicking on any version they want in the article history. Thanks. --Dbratland (talk) 22:01, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Spyros Pantenas! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 2 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 23:37, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Martina Gedeck -
 * 2) Nico Fidenco -

Proposed deletion of Paola Mendoza

The article Paola Mendoza has been proposed for deletion because, under Wikipedia policy, all newly created biographies of living persons must have at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't be offended. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners, or ask at the help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within ten days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. - Happysailor  (Talk) 21:07, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

Help with translation from Greek to English
Hello. i noticed your name in Translators available. Έχω μεταφράσει δύο λήμματα από την ελληνική Βικιπαίδεια στην αγγλική. Δυστυχώς, υπάρχουν κάποια λάθη, κυρίως συνταχτικά. Δεν έχω μεγάλη ευφράδεια στην αγγλική. Θα ήθελα να τα διαβάσεις και να κάνεις τις απαραίτητες διορθώσεις, αν μπορείς. Τα λήμμα είναι Nea Salamis Famagusta FC και Nea Salamis Famagusta, τα οποία μεταφράστηκαν από el:Νέα Σαλαμίνα Αμμοχώστου (ποδόσφαιρο) και el:Νέα Σαλαμίνα Αμμοχώστου αντίστοιχα. Αν δεν ενδιαφέρεσαι, απολογούμαι για την ενόχληση. Xaris333 (talk) 20:34, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:LUCY 1.5 months 2.jpg

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This bot DID NOT nominate any file(s) for deletion; please refer to the page history of each individual file for details. Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 01:01, 11 June 2019 (UTC)

Hi, I need a translation of a sentence, into Greek (Cypriot variety is recommended)

 * 1) The sentence is: "Welcome to the first stage, of the fourth international program of MAL's method, the internatinal training course of MAL, 2021"
 * 2) By "program" I mean, like in: "governmental program", or "educational program", and the like.
 * 3) By "stage" I mean: phase/part/step (Actually the "program" consists of a few stages).
 * 4) I know to use GoogleTranslate, but I need a native translation.
 * 5) Additionally, I would like to know how to pronounce the whole translated sentence (including "2021"), so please add also the transcription in IPA (or in Latin letters, as close to the original pronunciation as possible - if you are not familiar with IPA). Please mark also the stress, e.g. by adding an apostrophe before the stressed syllable (or by typing the stressed vowel in a capital letter).

185.24.76.178 (talk) 18:56, 9 December 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Spyros Pantenas


text:
Rigel (rocket)

Rigel is an Argentinian sounding rocket. The double stage Rigel (first stage Canopus 1, second stage Orion-2) was launched seven times between 1969 and 1973. The Rigel rocket has a maximum altitude of 310 km, a launch mass of 300 kg, a diameter of 0.228 metres and a length of 6.30 metres.

Launches
Rigel was launched seven times from CELPA between 1969 and 1973.

title: Rigel (rocket)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Collin Borell

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 02:25, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

Collin Borell
Member of high school bands GrindSkull and Green Pool, also on vfd. Samaritan 18:26, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Vanity nonsense of no value Brookie 19:58, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 01:59, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Vanity. --Benna 02:01, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band vanity. jni 07:07, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band vanity. *Yawn* Edeans 22:20, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, does not meet WikiProject:Music's guidelines for inclusion. Tuf-Kat 16:27, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adam Diotale

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 02:21, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

Adam Diotale
Member of high school band Green Pool, also on vfd. Samaritan 18:28, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Vanity nonsense of no value Brookie 19:57, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, possible vanity. Megan1967 01:59, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band vanity. jni 07:08, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band vanity. *Yawn*  Edeans 22:42, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, does not meet WikiProject:Music's guidelines for inclusion. Tuf-Kat 16:27, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:Communes of Allier

title: Category:Communes of Allier


text:
List of Indian state birds

India, officially the Republic of India is a country in South Asia, consisting of 28 states and eight union territories. All Indian states and some of the union territories have their own elected government and the union territories come under the jurisdiction of the Central Government. India has its own national symbols. Apart from the national symbols, the states and union territories have adopted their own seals and symbols including birds listed below.

title: List of Indian state birds


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Green Pool

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 02:25, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

Green Pool
High school band. Members Collin Borell and Adam Diotale and related band GrindSkull are also on vfd. Samaritan 18:30, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Vanity nonsense of no value Brookie 19:58, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, band vanity. Megan1967 01:58, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band vanity. jni 07:07, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep--Xadai 02:15, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC) - Nice band!
 * Delete. -Sean Curtin 07:06, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity.  Edeans 22:40, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, does not meet WikiProject:Music's guidelines for inclusion. Tuf-Kat 16:27, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Henry de Monfreid

Henry de Monfreid (14 November 1879 in Leucate – 13 December 1974) was a French adventurer and author. Born in Leucate, Aude, France, he was the son of artist painter Georges-Daniel de Monfreid and knew Paul Gauguin as a child.

Monfreid was known for his travels in the Red Sea and the Horn of Africa coast from Tanzania to Aden, Yemen, the Arabian Peninsula and Suez, that he sailed in his various expeditions as adventurer, smuggler and gunrunner (during which he said he more than once escaped Royal Navy coast-guard cutters).

Life
In 1911, following in the footsteps of Arthur Rimbaud, Monfreid went to Djibouti, then a French colony, in order to trade coffee. He built a dhow for himself and used it to cross the Red Sea. He had many adventures, eventually prospered, bought a house near the shore in Obock cove, and had a big dhow, the Altair ("Soaring Eagle"), built by a local shipyard. Towards the end of the war, he settled with his family in Obock, away from prying eyes and other colonial governors of Djibouti. His house was near the shore, which allowed his wife to have lights on the terrace if the coastguard spotlight was on the lookout. Completely absorbed in his projects, Monfreid was almost always absent and his wife suffered from his long absences and the overpowering heat of the place. She and the children often took refuge in the Mabla Mountains in the hinterland of Obock Region, which offered a little coolness. In the early twenties, he built a small house Araoué near Harar in Ethiopia, and spent the hot season there with his family. He made enough profit through trafficking (the sale of hashish in Egypt in particular) to buy a flour mill and build a power plant in Dire Dawa, a boomtown that had emerged at the foot of Harar during the construction of the first section of the Djibouti-Addis Ababa road. Between 1912 and 1940 he ran guns through the area, dived for pearls and sea cucumbers, and smuggled hashish and morphine, which he bought from a famous German laboratory, into Egypt, earning several stays in prison. Monfreid always denied having taken part in the slave trade from Africa to Arabia.

He converted to Islam during this period, which included undergoing a circumcision and taking a Muslim name: Abd-el-Haï ("Slave of The Living One").

During the 1930s, Monfreid was persuaded by Joseph Kessel to write about his adventures, and the stories became bestsellers.

During World War II, Monfreid, who was now more than sixty years old, was captured by the British and deported to Kenya as he had served the Italians and his wife, born Armgart Freudenfeld, was daughter to the former German governor of Alsace-Lorraine.

After the war Monfreid retired to a mansion in a small village of la France profonde, in Ingrandes (département of the Indre), France. There he played piano, wrote, painted, and quietly raised in his garden a plantation of opium poppies, and adopted the habit of using the local grocer's scales to weigh his crop and divide it into daily portions. The grocer paid no heed, since Monfreid's household were good customers, and Monfreid himself bought huge amounts of honey, which he took to counter the costive effects of opium. Eventually Monfreid was betrayed to the local gendarmerie, but he escaped prosecution; at that time opium was used only by unconventional artists, like his friend Jean Cocteau. Monfreid boasted in his books about his ability to manipulate and divert prying law enforcers through clever speech.

Monfreid settled down to a life of writing, turning out around 70 books over the next 30 years. Only a handful of his books have been translated into English and they are difficult to find. His daughter Gisèle de Monfreid wrote Mes secrets de la Mer Rouge, describing what life was like with her father and the dangerous life he led.

During barren periods, when writing was not bringing in enough money, Monfreid relied upon mortgaging the family collection of Gauguin paintings. Only after his death were these discovered to be fake.

"I have lived a rich, restless, magnificent life", Monfreid declared a few days before dying in 1974 at the age of 95.

Beliefs
Monfreid affirmed himself to be "sick and disgusted with businessmen... who ruin with impunity the poor innocents who believe in the value of justice, honesty, integrity and conscience." He feared "to be obliged to accept the slavery of some dreary job and become a domestic animal." His business dealings were a means for Monfreid to pursue his exploration of Africa. He fully acknowledged his naïveté in the realm of business and trusted mostly in his intuition and Providence to sustain him.

Monfreid loved adventure. He longed only to be with "the sea, the wind, the virgin sand of the desert, the infinity of far-off skies in which wheel the numberless hosts of the skies... and the dream that I became one with them." When he saw the Pyramids for the first time, he could not wait to leave. "The only thing that one might possibly admire is the stupendous effort it took to build them, and this admiration demands the mentality of a German tourist," he wrote.

Discography
Henry de Monfreid chante la mer, 33rpm, PolyGram distribution, PY 899, (Henry de Monfreid sings sea shanties, and plays piano)

In popular culture
In The Adventures of Tintin comic Cigars of the Pharaoh, the hero and his dog are cast adrift in sarcophagi in the Red Sea. They are then picked up by a passing sailing ship captained by a man who turns out to be a gunrunner. The captain was based on de Monfreid.

Film: Les Secrets de la mer Rouge (1937)

Television series: Les Secrets de la mer Rouge (1968–1975)

title: Henry de Monfreid


text:
User:WurdBendur/Scratch

This is my Scratch Page, where I'll keep my works-in-progress until they're polished enough to be plugged into the Wikipedia with the real articles. Commentary is encouraged. If you have any comments or suggestions on my work, please leave it on the talk page. If there's a simple problem here, like an inaccurate number or a misspelling, then feel free to fix it if you wish.

Implemented text
Text I've kept here has been moved to the following article(s):

 * Shavian alphabet

title: User:WurdBendur/Scratch


text: User talk:85.74.33.131

title: User talk:85.74.33.131


text:
Talk:Mac NC

iMac firmware
I pulled this recent addition:

 * The boot firmware for the original Bondi Blue iMac included the identifying text Macintosh NC, so it's clear that either the platform originally intended to be the Network Computer, or some Apple employees had an opinion on the matter.

Anyone have a source? AlistairMcMillan 18:31, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

nationmaster
Internally, the iMac was a combination of the MacNC project and CHRP.[citation needed] Although the promise of CHRP has never been fully realized, the work that Apple had done on CHRP significantly helped in the designing of the iMac.

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/IMac-G3

Nobody has been in this talk page for years have they?

I'm adding the information, by the way. 71.72.82.183 (talk) 07:15, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * That article on nationmaster is a mirror of the Wikipedia iMac article. Wikipedia is not a valid source, even indirectly.

 * I've removing the information, by the way. AlistairMcMillan (talk) 20:51, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

What about this being 'Mac NC', and there's noting about it?
This whole page has - at most 3-4 lines about the Mac NC', the rest of this page is about Apple Corp. boardroom changes of the Amelio-Jobs eras.'And so it goes...' — Preceding unsigned comment added by UNOwenNYC (talk • contribs) 07:00, January 16, 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mac NC


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/GrindSkull

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 02:20, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

GrindSkull
High school band. Member Collin Borell, his other band Green Pool, and its member Adam Diotale are all also on vfd. Samaritan 18:34, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Vanity nonsense of no value Brookie 19:55, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I was going to say that the name sounds like a joke, but reading the article I guess it's supposed to. Anyway, by no means notable. -R. fiend 21:15, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep--Xadai 23:42, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - fails Google test (less than 5 hits unrelated), band vanity. Megan1967 02:01, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep-- I feel that since this is a local band in the Area of Brewster Ohio, it should have its place on here along with the local music. I see no reason why it shouldn't be. [This vote by 24.140.77.102 -- jni 07:11, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)]
 * Delete. Not notable band. jni 07:11, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mlm42 05:41, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia isn't a local gig guide, or a plug site for local bands. If they're not signed to a label with a wide distribution, then they don't warrant an article (they're clearly too new apart from anything else to be influential). Average Earthman 11:38, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Return of the Revenge of the Son of the Garage Band Gremlin.  Edeans 22:46, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, does not meet WikiProject:Music's guidelines for inclusion. Tuf-Kat 16:28, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

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text:
Dr. Graham's Homes

Dr. Graham's Homes (formerly St. Andrew's Colonial Homes) was founded in 1900 by John Anderson Graham, a missionary of the Church of Scotland, who settled in Kalimpong and worked with the local community for several years during the turn of the 20th century. Whilst working in Edinburgh as a clerk in the civil service, Graham was influenced and encouraged by the minister of his church, John McMurtrie, to be ordained in the ministry.

History
John Anderson Graham arrived in Kalimpong in 1889 as a representative of Young Men's Guild of Scotland to do missionary work in the small village of Kalimpong which had recently been annexed by the British from Bhutan after the Dooars War of 1864–1865. In only a few years after arriving in Kalimpong, Graham had turned into a social reformer who aimed to find a solution to what contemporary observers at that time called the "poor white problem" of British India. The "poor whites" were unacknowledged mixed race children of British fathers and native mothers. Shunned by the British and the upper class Indians most mixed-race children ended up on city streets. Newspapers, administrators and commentators portrayed this as an acute problem that threatened existing social and racial hierarchies. One solution took the form of St. Andrew's Colonial Homes in Kalimpong, where the pure air of the Himalayas would assist in schooling "poor white" children into a useful workforce.

On September 24, 1900, Graham opened St. Andrew's Colonial Homes on land leased from the Government of Bengal below Deolo hill in a rented cottage with 6 children. He would soon lease 100 acres and then over the years a total of 400 acres as the Homes continued to grow. The Homes were established as a vocational training school where abandoned children of British army personnel, administrators and tea planters would be taught a vocation and shipped to British colonies such as New Zealand, Australia and Canada where they could establish themselves with the job skills learned in Kalimpong.

In 1901 the first cottage was opened: Woodburn Cottage, named after the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal subsequent cottages thereafter were named after key benefactors – including Elliot Cottage opened 1902; Campbell Cottage named after J. A. Campbell, a Member of Parliament; Strachan Cottage was inaugurated in 1904 by Sir Robert Laidlaw of Whiteway, Laidlaw & Co., who had extensive interests in tea and rubber, who, on his death, left money to the Homes.

By 1906 there were 187 children at the Homes. By the 1920s the Homes complex was a self sufficient village housing 600 children which featured a hospital, gymnasium and a farm. In the first twenty years, Graham constructed 44 buildings averaging a shade over two buildings a year. In the day-to-day running of the Homes, he was helped by two long-serving members of staff: headmaster, James Simpson and administrator, James Purdie. Graham's wife Katherine died in 1919, and it was after this he revived his dream of building a chapel on the compound. This was completed in 1925 and dedicated as the Katherine Graham Memorial Chapel on 24 September, the Homes Silver Jubilee birthday. Graham completed his last building, the kindergarten, in 1938. The following year was his personal jubilee year (1889-1939) and well-wishers worldwide contributed to the building of a new principal's house on the compound. Jubilee House still commemorates him. Graham died on 15 May 1942 and is buried on the Homes compound in the Garden of Remembrance alongside his wife Katherine.

St. Andrew's Colonial Homes became Dr. Graham's Homes in 1947, to honour the founder.

Notable alumni

 * Norman Douglas Hutchinson, British Royal painter
 * Lyonchen Jigmi Yoser Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan between 2008 and 2013
 * Tshering Tobgay, Prime Minister of Bhutan from 2013 to 2018
 * Sonam Tobgye, Chief Justice of Bhutan Supreme Court & High Court
 * David R. Syiemlieh, Indian academician and the former Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission of India
 * Anirban Bhattacharyya, Indian Author, Television Producer & Director, Standup comedian, and Actor
 * Binod Pradhan, Bollywood Cinematographer
 * Henry Raymond Edmunds MBE, Superintendent of Agriculture for Darjeeling & Deputy Director of Agriculture for Bengal

title: Dr. Graham's Homes


text:
Uinta

Uinta or Uintah may refer to:

People

 * Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Utah

Places

 * High Uintas Wilderness
 * Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation, Utah
 * Uintah County, Utah
 * Uinta County, Wyoming
 * Uinta Mountains, in the state of Utah
 * Uinta National Forest
 * Uintah, Utah, a town located in Weber County

Other

 * Uinta chipmunk, a species of chipmunk, in the family Sciuridae
 * Uinta (moth), a genus of moth
 * Uinta Brewing Company, a craft brewery located in Salt Lake City, Utah

title: Uinta


text:
User talk:207.28.99.97

"Wahpeton Recreation" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wahpeton_Recreation&redirect=no Wahpeton Recreation] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at until a consensus is reached. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 14:33, 10 March 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:207.28.99.97


text:
Engi, Switzerland

Engi is a village, and former municipality, in the municipality of Glarus Süd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland. The village lies in the valley of the Sernf river, and consists of the three adjacent village parts of Engi-Vorderdorf, Engi-Dörfli and Engi-Hinterdorf.

History
Engi is first mentioned in 1350 as ze engi.

From the 16th century, slate mining took place on the Landesplattenberg, overlooking the left bank of Sernf river, which provided slates for roofs, floors and stoves, and later for use in schools. From 1602 the trade was sufficient to support an export tax, and exports to northern and western Europe peaked in the 17th century. The operation declined in the following years, before again increasing with the construction of the first road up the valley in 1826. By 1840, nearly two hundred workers were working in the mine, which was abandoned in 1961 but is now preserved as a tourist attraction.

The Early Oligocene Engi slates yield many fossils including sharks, bony fishes, turtles and birds. These fossils were mentioned as early as the beginning of the 18th century and became famous all over Europe.

In 1879, the valley of the Linth river was connected to the Swiss railway network by the opening of the Swiss Northeastern Railway line from Weesen, but Engi, in the side-valley of the Sernf river, remained unserved. This impacted the local economy, and various proposals were brought forward to provide rail service to the Sernf valley. Eventually, on 8 July 1905, the Sernftal tramway, a metre gauge roadside electric tramway, was opened connecting Schwanden with Engi and other communities as far as Elm. Service on this line continued until 31 May 1969, when it was replaced by road services.

On 1 January 2011, Engi became part of the new municipality of Glarus Süd.

Geography
The village of Engi is situated at an elevation of 812 m on the right bank of the Sernf river. It includes the village sections of Vorderdorf, Dörfli and Hinterdorf, and is located on and near the road between Schwanden and Elm. The village of Schwanden lies downstream and to the west, whilst the village of Matt lies upstream and to the south. Engi has an area, as defined by the former municipal boundaries in 2006, of 40.7 km2, covering a considerable area on each side of the river. This area reaches up to the peaks of the Gufelstock (2436 m), Bützistock (2496 m), Magerrain (2524 m) and Gulderstock (2511 m) to the east, and the Gandstock (2315 m) to the west. Of this area, 38.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 36.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.2% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (24.6%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).

Transport
The Sernftalbus operates an hourly bus service linking Engi with Schwanden railway station, Elm, and other communities in the valley of the Sernf river between them. The service replaces the Sernftal tramway that operated between 1905 and 1969, over a similar route. At Schwanden railway station, a connecting railway service runs to the capital of the canton of Glarus, the town of Glarus.

Demographics
Engi has a population (as of ) of. , 6.9% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -10.1%. Most of the population speaks German  (95.0%), with Italian being second most common ( 1.4%) and Portuguese being third ( 0.6%).

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 59.1% of the vote. Most of the rest of the votes went to the SVP with 29.5% of the vote.

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Engi about 61.8% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule).

Engi has an unemployment rate of 0.76%. , there were 62 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 22 businesses involved in this sector. 108 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 10 businesses in this sector. 78 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 15 businesses in this sector.

The historical population is given in the following table:

title: Engi, Switzerland


text:
Talk:Beth Ostrosky Stern

Animal rights
There is no good sourcing on the article that Beth Ostrosky Stern is an "animal rights activist", she fosters cats in her house, this does not mean she is an activist for animal rights. The animal rights claim is WP:OR and is not supported by good sourcing. Psychologist Guy (talk) 00:55, 9 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Beth Ostrosky Stern