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Talk:Kitchen knife

Page Re-write
Reading through this article it seems to need some major improvements. Mostly it feels unmaintained and a little behind Wikipedia's current quality (I should note many, many articles are in the same boat). Some areas for improvement would be:
 * Article structure
 * Refreshed, less casual tone.
 * Sections containing comprehensive explanations rather than focusing on the most common types/names/uses (too subjective as to 'common')
 * Surveying expert methods of classification and providing definitions and explanations based thereupon. This ties into the following.
 * Clarifying the difference between a knife's name and its usage classification. Example: a 'Chef's Knife' is often used in general preparation (meat, vegetables) by both professional and household cooks, whereas a Cleaver is used for meat prep. but is not the only knife that can be used to chop meat and is far less commonly used in the home.
 * Either on this page or in other appropriate locations a history of the knife type.
 * Off-loading certain sections like grinds, material (and subsequent compositions), specialty types onto existing or new articles where reasonable. Most of these subjects exist as their own article but may need cleanup as well. Also, listing things like accessories rather than summarizing them, then linking to an article would reduce bloat.

Related to above, removing redundancy between kitchen knife and chef's knife. In its current state the chef's knife article is unclear whether it is discussing the blade type of a French chef's knife or general purpose knives used by chefs.

There is generally a rough categorization of knives into common and specialty applications (usually professional or at least skilled). I am not wholly convinced that it is necessary for two distinct articles to exist. I'd forward the notion that the intention is to distinguish between common 'household' equipment and the often more specialized & expensive commercial kitchen equipment. Here are some thoughts on how to resolve this problem/distinction: Zengrain (talk) 08:58, 3 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Give exhaustive list of knife types in it's own article (ie 'Types of cooking/kitchen knives'). Then recompose the current articles to discuss usage and general concepts while pointing to the more detailed sections on the Types page.
 * Develop some sort of definition or 'test' to determine whether a particular kind of knife is considered specific to household/common usage, professional usage or both.

Lots of changes in a short time
Man! I've been cleaning up an old directory with various articles I had started to draft; I come back a couple hours later and—Ka-pow!—a dozen edits. (Jengod, that  was especially for you. :-)  )

I'd like to have a discussion on the change in name to the page. There are (as noted in the intro section) many different kinds of knifes involved in cooking. I'm not sure I think a single article can usefully handle everything from cleavers to butter knives. Many people (I'm an example) think that chef's knives are especially important; I don't know about whole books, but certainly entire chapters in books have been devoted to chef's knives. Brings out the fanatic in people. Imagine Niles Crane hyper-ventilating.

Many of the words about materials and manufacturing frankly don't apply to other knives—you wouldn't hot-forge your table knife, and bread knives are a whole different animal. I'd like to restore the Chef's knife page as a separate entity, and revise Kitchen knife to be a kind of disambiguation page. As in: "There are many kinds of kitchen knives, here are the links to each kind".

Thoughts?

DanielVonEhren 02:53, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Works for me. I was just happy to see a Chef's knife article, but when I got in there, it had already become Kitchen knives or whatever, and I was just trying to have it make sense. Kitchen knife as disambig is fine by me! :) jengod 22:51, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * And a :-) right back at 'cha. Now I just have a bunch of work to do on the article.

 * DanielVonEhren 23:40, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I'm Planning Some Changes Here
I think this article on kitchen knives is way too small. I disagree that this should be a disambiguation page. Most kitchen knives share many properties that are worth discussing on one page. For example, why are the explainations of stamped vs forged or handle materials on the Chef's knife article and not Boning knife or Santoku? While I agree that not all topics apply to all knives, I do not think the material should be duplicated to multiple knife entries. Additionally, I do not think that most knives really lend themselves to an article that is any longer than the Boning knife article. At this length, why not just include the information here (since there is already a short description) and replace the subpages with redirects? Also, a butter knife is really a table knife; I think we should qualify that a "kitchen knife", for the sake of this article, is any knife likely to come in a block. At any rate, I am already working on changes to this article. I decided to open this up for discussion, however, after I found that this had already been pondered a year ago. You can see my progress at User:Ctdunstan/Kitchen knife (but please do not edit it yet--not to be possessive, it would just be easier to discuss changes at this point, and open it for editing when I make it public in a few days). Let me know what you all think. -- Chris 02:55, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

New Page!
I have finally moved over my new version of the page. I think the article is an improvement over the previous version. It is, however, a very bold edit, so I open this up for discussion. -- Chris 03:25, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

I'm new to this article, but couldn't we improve it by inserting specific images of each type of knife throughout the page, as they're cited? There must be generic (non-copyrighted) images we could use. Artwholeflaffer (talk) 02:06, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

Composition
The article says that kitchen knives made from high carbon steel are 20 % carbon and 80 % iron. I strongly suspect someone dropped a digit or added a zero. Steels max out at about 4% carbon. More carbon than that and you get something like cast iron frying pan. -- Geo Swan 02:05, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Good eye; that does look fishy, doesn't it? I think I got it out of Alton Brown's Gear, but I don't have to book in front of me right now.

 * DanielVonEhren 03:02, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I went back to the Alton Brown book, and sure enough it says 80% iron and 20% carbon (page 68). Geo, do you have better number (I'm not sure where to look it up); I'm still agreeing that 80/20 sounds wrong.

BTW, the Chef's knife page got re-instated, so your correction (or replies) should go over there.

 * This PDF document explains the phase change diagrams of iron and carbon... probably in more detail than you would prefer.  Here is the 25 word version.  Molten alloys are like slush.  As they cool crystals precipitate out.  Carbon is not very soluble in Iron.  Much above 4 % Carbon and you get "cast iron" with little inclusions of pure carbon in it.  The carbon content of "high Carbon steel" maxes out at 1.7%.

 * I don't know where the information in the paragraphs that distinguish between carbon steel, high carbon steel, and stainless steel come from. But I believe it is pretty inaccurate.  When the word "steel" is used, without being prefaced with the adjective "stainless", then it is refering to an alloy of Iron and Carbon.

 * I am not a chemist. I did a project on metallurgy, in high school, a long time ago.  So I don't know trust my recollection that "carbon steel" and "high carbon steel" are synonyms.  But I am sure that what the article calls "high carbon steel" is some form of stainless steel. --  Geo Swan 22:32, 2005 Feb 28 (UTC)

DanielVonEhren 00:39, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

subsubsect. titles
very nice article. I suggest that the sub-subsection titles like Carving should be changed into ==== ... ==== style, since it would allow better redirection (e.g. carving knife : kitchen knife#carving).

I don't do it immediately because it might make the "floating" of the pictures less nice (adding many [ edit ] links), but I nevertheless strongly advocate for this change.

If some competent person agrees, please do make the change (maybe a guru can easily automatize(?) it). — MFH:Talk 17:21, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, I've changed over the headings to ==== style, and I now remember why I didn't do that... the TOC is quite long.  I think you are right that those headings are best, so perhaps we could find a way to fix the TOC? I think the [edit] links are OK, but it would be nice to remove them from the lvl 4 headings.  I tried to do this with , but I didn't realize that it effects the whole page. Any thoughts? -- Chris 23:10, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, so I floated the TOC on the right since it is so long and narrow... but that created some problems with the images that were using

, so I switched the "materials" and "types" sections. Overall, I think it looks pretty good. It would be nice to get rid of some of those [edit] links, though. Thanks for the work on Category:Images of kitchen knives, by the way... it looks good. -- Chris 11:04, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Other knives
Since this article starts, A kitchen knife is any knife that is used in a kitchen, it would seem to include table (or butter) knives. As such, the following topics should be included: However, I don't want to just annoy people. Would others support such a change? -Harmil 06:05, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Silver as material
 * Butter knife and case knife

 * I see what you mean, but I think that a butter knife is more like a table knife. I guess a steak knife is too, but they at least come in cutlery blocks.  Either way I think the first paragraph should be rewritten (I was never very happy with it), but we could still include a butter knife somewhere if that is what's best.  I think including silver as a material might confuse people a bit though, as it doesn't really make a good knife (just silverware).  Certainly we would say in the butter knife description what they are made out of, but I fear if we add silver in the materials section we would have to add a whole host of bizzare composite materials used for cheap flatware, none of which make a good blade.  Do you know what I mean? What do people think about this? -- Chris 19:03, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Steak knife
The joke about steak knives is that they have points, in case the cow isn't dead yet. Or maybe for if you don't have a fork. I suppose the aggressive look makes them look sharper, but I cannot imagine the point ever being used. David R. Ingham 20:49, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Images
I don't believe that we have a strong claim to use the images from the Wusthof website, so I have listed them at Fair use review. Comments are welcome there. FreplySpang (talk) 05:30, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I have sent them an email, advising them to release their images under a creative commons license. After all, this is free product placement. I'll update you if they respond. 84.81.35.156, 13:15 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Save yourself the effort in the future. Major companies almost never freely license their work, as they like to control where the images are used. ed g2s • talk 19:57, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

"... particularly useful for killing people."
As this seems like an irreverant way to bring up the popular image of the chef/butcher knife in the hands of crazed killers in many forms of media, I'm deleting it. Because this article serves as an over-view of kitchen knives, I feel that it should focus only on a knife's roll in food preperation, and the factors that affect that (materials, etc). It's history of portrayal and function as a weapon (eg; shower scene in the movie Psycho, Bobbit incident) should probably be confined to the specific chef knife article.

68.167.249.171 04:34, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

Added comments: Steel
I've added comments about the use of a steel to maintain knives. Trumpy 05:16, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

San Mai and Damascus are two similar but completely different processes. "Damascus steal" was never a term for San Mai. it refers to a process of folding steel that creates a very distinct and unique pattern, not Japanese steal folding techniques.

Table
I removed all the redlinked, unlinked entries from the table (unless it had a wikipage, in which case I added the link). Rather than having a spam-attracting list, let's keep the table to notable entries that have their own wikipages. Otherwise it'll keep growing and growing, and basically end up a pile of external links with no real order or reason. WLU(talk) 21:15, 6 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Response: I seriously disagree with your deletion of KAI from the the list of prominent brand/companies. Just because a brand, or a company does not have a website, it doesn't mean that it isn't valubale information to the reader. I did link to the KAI USA webpage but I thought it would be misleading to link to it as the official site for the entire company. Due to the popularity and prominence of the Shun line of kitchen knives, as well as their high-profile endorsement by Alton Brown, I think that it's important to list them there despite their lack of a Wikipedia article (which Kershaw Knives does have, by the way). --Mistsrider (talk) 19:34, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Feel free to create the page if you think it's notable, see WP:CORP for further guidance. I delete entries without their own wikipage because otherwise the table will be filled with every single knife manufacturer that has an internet hookup.  My objection is the lack of a wikipedia page, not a global page.  WLU (talk) 19:42, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

 * It's edits like this that I'm trying to avoid having placed on the page. I'll put Kershaw on the table.  WLU (talk) 19:44, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Done. WLU (talk) 19:48, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Awesome! I hope you don't mind if I go back and format / add information to that section sometime in the future. --Mistsrider (talk) 10:27, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

"Cutting (Food)" article?
First of all, congrats to everyone who worked on this terrific article.

I've seen the stubs Butterflying and Accordion cut, and it occurs to me that the entire subject of knifework in cooking could be cranked up, or templated, including primal (butchery) and kitchen cutting named-techniques (but not a how-to, violation of Wiki something or other policy).

It seemed to me that you are the people to bounce this off of.

Best regards, --Shlishke (talk) 06:22, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Titanium?
The article says this: "Titanium is lighter, more wear resistant, and more flexible than steel, but also less hard and it will not take as sharp an edge. But carbides in the titanium alloy allow them to be heat-treated to a sufficient hardness. Titanium does not impart any flavor to food. It is typically expensive."

To my understanding, Titanium is harder, lighter, and more brittle than most mild steels, and I wouldn't characterize it as particularly "flexible." Furthermore, Titanium carbide is very, very brittle and is used primarily for cutting steel and other metals on mills and lathes (a Titanium carbide cutting bit will shatter or chip if dropped on tile, but is very hard along certain axes).

However, I'm not an expert on knives so I'm reluctant to change this part of the article. I'm going to mark it as unsourced for now until someone who knows more checks it out. 74.197.36.137 (talk) 20:07, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

left-right symmetry
Frustrating for me when purchasing a knife is knowing whether the blade looks the same on both sides. Will it tend to cut straight lines or in circles? Is there an adjective to describe this aspect of a knife? On-line vendors should show pictures of both sides of the knife! Box-store vendors should use packaging that shows both sides. --Jclaer (talk) 20:58, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

.
 * That would be the bevel symmetry. I've added mention to the nomenclature section in this article, and we also have an entire other article.  If you search throughout the Kitchen knife article, you will find this terminology used throughout, describing many different blade types, including some which are nonsymmetric.  Nimur (talk) 23:26, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

Delete notable brands?
I'd suggest deleting the notable brands section. There are very few brands notable specifically for their knives (I'd say Sabatier, Victorinox, maybe Henckel, Global? I'd add Mora, but that's very my POV!) As knives are easily made by any company or artisan and don't require proprietary technologies, brands are pretty pointless and mostly not notable. Pol098 (talk) 19:09, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

Before was the rule, brands without their own wikipedia site should be deleted, what makes sense to me —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.45.33.23 (talk) 03:29, 2 October 2010 (UTC)

As a weapon
I regret bringing up an uncomfortable subject, but perhaps the article should have a brief section acknowledging that the kitchen knife is occasionally used as a weapon, such as in a household attack. I was just about to put a link to this article from George Harrison which unfortunately describes an example of this. —Prhartcom  (talk)  17:43, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

Bread knives
Bread knives are usually between 15 cm and 25 cm (6 and 10 inches). And see here one of the european definitions : Een broodmes is een 20-30 cm lang blablablibla.

That doesn't mix, doesn't it ?

Assessment comment
Substituted at 21:18, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kitchen knife


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Corneille Heymans

Corneille Jean François Heymans (28 March 1892 – 18 July 1968) was a Belgian physiologist. He studied at the Jesuit College of Saint Barbara and then at Ghent University, where he obtained a doctor's degree in 1920.

Heymans won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1938 for showing how blood pressure and the oxygen content of the blood are measured by the body and transmitted to the brain.

Early life and education
After graduation Heymans worked at the Collège de France (under Prof. E. Gley), the University of Lausanne (under Prof. M. Arthus), the University of Vienna (under Prof. H. H. Meyer), University College London (under Prof. E. H. Starling) and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (under Prof. C. F. Wiggers). In 1922 Heymans became lecturer in Pharmacodynamics at Ghent University, and in 1930 succeeded his father, Jean-François Heymans, as Professor of Pharmacology, as well as being appointed Head of the Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacodynamics, and Toxicology; and Director of the J. F. Heymans Institute.

Research
Heymans was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1938 for showing how blood pressure and the oxygen content of the blood are measured in the body and transmitted to the brain via the nerves and not by the blood itself.

Heymans accomplished this by vivisection of two dogs, the head of one connected to its body only by nerves, and the second one's body was used to cross-perfuse (supply blood) to the first dog's head. Heymans found that the first dog's upward and downward cardiovascular reflex arc traffic were carried by its own vagus nerves, but agents introduced to the second dog's blood, which served the first dog's brain, had no effect. He used a similar experiment to demonstrate the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in respiratory regulation, for which he received his Nobel Prize.

He was the Editor-in-Chief of Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie for many years. His memberships included the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, the Académie des Sciences, and the Royal Society of Arts.

The group of physiopharmacologists working under Heymans at Ghent University were looking for the anatomical basis of the respiratory reflex at the carotid sinus. It was necessary that the Spanish neurohistologist Fernando de Castro Rodríguez (1898–1967) described in detail the innervation of the aorta-carotid region, circumscribing the presence of baroreceptors to the carotid sinus, but that of chemoreceptors to the carotid body, for the Belgian group to move their focus from the first to the very small second structure to physiologically demonstrate the nature and function of the first blood chemoreceptors. The contribution of the young De Castro, maybe the last direct disciple of Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934; awarded the 1906 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine) was overlooked at the time, but it was later recognized that he deserved to share the Nobel Prize with Heymans, his colleague and friend.

Personal life
Heymans married Berthe May (1892–1974), an ophthalmologist, in 1929 and had five children. He died in Knokke from a stroke.

Honours and awards

 * Heymans (crater) on the Moon
 * Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (1938)
 * Member, American Philosophical Society (1962)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Corneille Heymans


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Craig Wilson (first baseman)

Craig Allan Wilson (born November 30, 1976) is an American former professional baseball player. He played all or part of seven seasons in Major League Baseball, most often as a right fielder or first baseman. He bats and throws right-handed.

Major league career
After three years as a role player and pinch-hitter, Wilson played regularly in 2004, hitting .264 with 29 home runs and 82 RBI in 155 games, but posted a franchise-record 169 strikeouts (surpassing Donn Clendenon's 163 in 1968) in 561 at bats. He led the major leagues at being hit by pitches in 2002 (21) and 2004 (30). Wilson tied the major league single-season record for pinch-hit home runs with seven in 2001.

In 2005, Wilson played in only 59 games as a result of two separate hand injuries that caused him to spend over half the season on the disabled list, playing in only five games between May 6 and August 28. He ended the season with a .264 batting average, 5 home runs, and 22 RBI in 197 at bats.

At the trade deadline of the 2006 season, Wilson was traded to the New York Yankees for Shawn Chacón. According to the New York Post, at least one general manager in the National League found the deal inexplicable from the Pirates' standpoint. Voicing the opinion that Pirates GM Dave Littlefield had undersold Wilson, the anonymous GM was quoted as saying, "We really thought Wilson was a guy a lot of AL teams would be interested in. He is a high strikeout guy, but he can hit a fastball, damage lefty pitching, and not embarrass himself in right field or at first."

Overall in 2006, Craig batted .251 with 17 home runs and 49 RBI. Though he only batted 359 times, he struck out 122 times. The Yankees did not re-sign him, causing him to become a free agent.

The Atlanta Braves signed Wilson to a one-year contract worth $2 million USD on January 18, 2007. After 40 games of the 2007 season with the Braves, Wilson was granted his unconditional release on May 17, 2007, to make room for Brayan Peña on the roster. On May 28, 2007, he signed a minor league deal with the Chicago White Sox, but ended up undergoing season-ending shoulder surgery in June. Wilson was released by the White Sox at the end of the 2007 season.

On February 9, 2008, Wilson signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Cincinnati Reds, but was released on February 21 after failing a physical. On April 8, 2008, he signed a minor league deal to return to the Pittsburgh Pirates. On July 10, he was traded to the Seattle Mariners for a player to be named later. After finishing the season with the Triple-A Tacoma Rainiers, he became a free agent, ending his professional playing career.

title: Craig Wilson (first baseman)


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Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke (1762 – 26 August 1832) was a British Methodist theologian who served three times as President of the Wesleyan Methodist Conference (1806–07, 1814–15 and 1822–23). A biblical scholar, he published an influential Bible commentary among other works. He was a Wesleyan.

Early life and education
Clarke was born in 1760 or 1762, in the townland of Moybeg Kirley near Tobermore in County Londonderry.

His father, an Anglican, was a village schoolmaster and farmer; his mother was a Presbyterian. His childhood consisted of a series of life-threatening mishaps. After receiving a very limited education he was apprenticed to a linen manufacturer, but, finding the employment uncongenial, he resumed school-life at the institution founded by Wesley at Kingswood.

In 1778, at the age of fourteen, Rev. John Wesley invited him to become a pupil in the Methodist seminary lately established at Kingswood, Bristol. In 1779, he converted to Methodism after listening to a preacher.

Career
In 1782, at nineteen he became an itinerant preacher, appointed to the circuit of Bradford, Wiltshire, until 1805. He afterwards resided chiefly in London, and devoted much of his time to literary research.

While second to none in the labours of the ministry, Clarke was a most assiduous scholar. First the classics engaged his especial attention, then the early Christian fathers, and then Oriental writers; Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, and other Eastern tongues, with the literature which they represented, being among the subjects of his study. Natural science was a favourite subject, and he had an interest in what are called the occult sciences. He contributed to the Eclectic Review from the date of its establishment in 1804, and rendered much literary assistance to the British and Foreign Bible Society.

In 1807 he received the diploma of M.A. from the university and King's College, Aberdeen. In 1808 the University of Aberdeen conferred on Clarke the honorary degree of LL.D., the university highest academic honour.

In 1815, Clarke removed and resided in an estate in Millbrook, for several years. In 1823, Clarke removed to London and afterwards to Haydon Hall, where he resided until his death.

Ministry
As a preacher, he soon became remarkably popular. He rose to high rank in the Wesleyan body. Clarke was thrice President of the Conference in 1806, 1814 and 1822. At first he was moved from place to place, according to the Wesleyan arrangement, being engaged at various times in Ireland, Scotland, the Channel Islands, and Shetland (1826). Clarke was a preacher of rare power and gifts and particularly in his latter years, he preached to crowded churches.

Rosetta Stone
Clarke was an amateur historian and scholar, and was invited by Brandt, secretary of the Royal Society of Antiquarians to see the newly acquired Rosetta Stone. At that time in 1803, the writing and composition of the stone had not been translated, nor had all three languages been positively identified. Clarke proposed that the stone was basalt, a theory which while recently was found to be incorrect was thought to be correct until the late 1900s when better scanning equipment was developed. He also proposed that the third language was Coptic (it was actually Demotic, an earlier form of the Egyptian language that would become Coptic), a clue which was used by Jean-François Champollion who successfully completed the translation in 1822.

Memberships
He was elected a member of six of the most learned societies of his day. He was a member of the British and Foreign Bible Society, Fellow of the American Antiquarian Society in 1816, a Member of the Royal Irish Academy, an Associate of the Geological Society of London, a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society, and a member of the American Historical Institute.

Death
Clarke died from an attack of cholera on 26 August 1832. There is a memorial to Adam Clarke in Portrush, Antrim, County Antrim.

Commentary on the Bible
He is chiefly remembered for writing a commentary on the Bible which took him 40 years to complete and which was a primary Methodist theological resource for two centuries. Comments on this work are mixed, but recognize its erudition. By himself he produced nearly half as much material as the scores of scholars who collaborated on the twelve-volume The Interpreters' Bible. His commentary, particularly that on Revelation, identified the Catholic Church with the Antichrist.

Clarke followed Wesley in opposing a Calvinistic scheme of salvation, preferring instead the Wesleyan-Arminian positions regarding predestination, prevenient grace, the offer of justification to all persons, the possibility of entire sanctification, and assurance of salvation.

Theological views
As a theologian, Clarke reinforced the teachings of Methodist founder John Wesley. He taught that the Bible provides a complete interpretation of God's nature and will. He considered Scripture itself a miracle of God's grace that "takes away the veil of darkness and ignorance."

Perhaps his most controversial position regarded the eternal Sonship of Jesus. Clarke did not believe it biblically faithful to affirm this doctrine, maintaining that prior to the Incarnation, Jesus was "unoriginated". Otherwise, according to Clarke, he would be subordinate to God and therefore not fully divine. This was important to Clarke because he felt that Jesus' divinity was crucial to understanding the atonement.

Clarke's view was opposed by many Methodists, notably Richard Watson. Watson and his allies argued that Clarke's position jeopardized the integrity of the doctrine of the Trinity. Clarke's christological view was rejected in large part by Methodist theologians in favour of the traditional perspective.

Support for abolitionism
He joined with other ministers in being an early critic of slavery. In his commentary of Isaiah 58:6, he writes :

"Let the oppressed go free – How can any nation pretend to fast or worship God at all, or dare to profess that they believe in the existence of such a Being, while they carry on the slave trade, and traffic in the souls, blood, and bodies, of men! O ye most flagitious of knaves, and worst of hypocrites, cast off at once the mask of religion; and deepen not your endless perdition by professing the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, while ye continue in this traffic!".

Works
Here are important books written by Clarke. There are also : three volumes of Sermons, besides several single discourses and detached pieces ; and many anonymous articles in the Classical Journal, in the Eclectic Review, and in various other respectable journals. To these may be added the new edition for the Record Commission of Thomas Rymer's Foedera, in folio, of which he saw the first volume, and part of the second, through the press. The edition was abandoned because of dissatisfaction with his efforts.

In literature
In 1834, Lydia Sigourney published her poem.

The poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon is based on an engraving of an incident in Dr Clarke's life painted by A. Mosses. It is included in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1836 and, as the notes attached refer to Liverpool, it presumably occurred late in his life.

title: Adam Clarke


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Edward Adelbert Doisy

Edward Adelbert Doisy (November 13, 1893 – October 23, 1986) was an American biochemist. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1943 with Henrik Dam for their discovery of vitamin K (K from "Koagulations-Vitamin" in German) and its chemical structure.

Doisy was born in Hume, Illinois, on November 13, 1893. He completed his A.B. degree in 1914 and his M.S. degree in 1916 from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He completed his Ph.D. in 1920 from Harvard University.

In 1919 he accepted a faculty appointment in the Department of Biochemistry at Washington University in St. Louis, where he rose in rank to associate professor. In 1923, he moved to Saint Louis University as professor and chairman of the new Department of Biochemistry. He served as professor and chairman of that department until he retired in 1965. Saint Louis University renamed the department the E.A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry, in his honor. More recently, the department has again been renamed. It is now known as the E.A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

In 1940, he was a lecturer in medicine at the University of Chicago School of Medicine.

He also competed with Adolf Butenandt in the discovery of estrone in 1930. They discovered the substance independently, but only Butenandt was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939.

Doisy was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1938, the American Philosophical Society in 1942, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1948.

title: Edward Adelbert Doisy


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Minneapolis Snow Exclusion Zone

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. --Rhobite 19:10, Mar 7, 2005 (UTC)

Minneapolis Snow Exclusion Zone
Zero hits for Minneapolis "Snow Exclusion Zone" on google, google news, and google groups. Orphan. I'm reluctant to try to merge/redir anywhere as having no hits or context links make verification challenging. Un-tagged/un-sourced images don't help, either. Using google news search for Minneapolis latest Snow I was able to find an article that agrees it was the latest snow in a season since 1945, but it doesn't use the term or verify any of the other details. Only one hit for "Snow Exclusion Zone", and it's referring to weather in Glasgow. Niteowlneils 02:15, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Neither the article nor Google establishes notability. --Carnildo 08:40, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete reasons as above. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 12:54, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, This doesn't belong here. Inter 14:14, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Term used a lot in amateur weather forums. Geo-Earth.com, weathermatrix.com and a few others. But I agree the article could be improved on.
 * Note: The above was by User:70.92.183.98, and is that anon's first and only comment. --Carnildo 05:30, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I live in Mpls., and this is total nonsense. This "event" may have happened, but it certainly is not enough to deserve an article. Delete. Sesel 19:39, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Bratislava Airport

M. R. Štefánik Airport (Letisko M. R. Štefánika), also called – especially in English – Bratislava Airport (Letisko Bratislava), located approximately 9 km northeast of the city center of Bratislava, spanning over the area of three municipalities (Bratislava-Ružinov, Bratislava-Vrakuňa and Ivanka pri Dunaji). It is the main international airport of Slovakia. Shortly after the independence of Slovakia in 1993, it was named after general Milan Rastislav Štefánik (1880–1919), whose aircraft crashed near Bratislava in 1919. The airport is owned and run by Letisko M. R. Štefánika – Airport Bratislava, a.s. (BTS). As of September 2014 the company is fully owned by the Slovak Republic via the Ministry of Transport, Construction and Regional Development.

Bratislava is a base for the Slovak Government Flying Service as well as Ryanair, AirExplore, and Smartwings Slovakia. During a brief period in 2011, the airport was also a secondary hub for Czech Airlines. Two maintenance companies, Austrian Technik Bratislava and East Air Company are also based at the airport. Air Livery has one painting bay for aircraft at the airport. The airport is category 4E for aircraft, and category 7 or 8 on request in terms of potential rescue.

Bratislava is also served by the Vienna International Airport located 49 km west of the city centre. Conversely, Bratislava Airport serves as a low-cost alternative for people from Vienna and the neighbouring areas.

Location
Bratislava Airport is located 9 km to the north-east of the city center, covering an area of 4.77 km2. It is within a one-hour drive of Vienna (Austria), Brno (Czech Republic) and Győr (Hungary), covering a catchment area of four countries. The nearest large international airport is Vienna International Airport approx. 50 km to the west.

Early years
The first regular flight between Prague and Bratislava started in 1923, by the newly formed carrier Czechoslovak Airlines. At that time the airport for Bratislava was in Vajnory, about 3 km away from the current airport. That airport is now closed. Preparation for the current airport started in 1947 and construction began in 1948. Two runways were constructed (04/22, 1900 m and 13/31, 1500 m) and the airport opened in 1951.

Development since the 1990s
The number of passengers served at Bratislava Airport decreased temporarily in the early 1990s due to competition from the nearby Vienna International Airport (which is only 55 km away from Bratislava Airport), but passenger numbers have been quickly increasing since, partly since Ryanair started traffic in 2004 marketing it as serving both Vienna and Bratislava. In 2005, the airport served 1,326,493 passengers; and in 2008, 2,218,545 passengers. Nevertheless, due to the economic downturn and the collapse of Slovak Airlines, SkyEurope, Air Slovakia and Seagle Air, the number of passengers has declined to just over 1.4 million in 2012, increasing again after 2014, and in 2018, the airport recorded the highest number of passengers in its history (2,292,712). In January 2019, the only domestic route of Slovakia Bratislava–Košice, and the Prague–Bratislava route were closed down by Czech Airlines.

Terminals
The airport has one terminal serving arrivals and departures, completed in July 2012 and replacing the original Terminal A, built in 1970 and demolished in January 2011. Terminal B, built in 1994 and designated to serve the non-Schengen arrivals and departures and Terminal C, built in 2006, are both currently out of service.

The current terminal includes 29 check-in desks located on the ground floor of the departures terminal, one of them designated for oversized baggage. In the non-public zones of the waiting area targeted at departing passengers, there are 13 gates, 8 in the Schengen and 5 in the non-Schengen area.

The airport is also home to the General Aviation Terminal (GAT), where passengers on private, business and VIP flights are handled, as well as passengers of emergency flights and crew.

Other facilities
A new control tower was added in the 1990s. The parking lot near the terminal has 970 parking spots and is used for short- and long-term parking. The current capacity of the airport is over 5 million passengers per year. The offices of the Slovak Civil Aviation Authority are on the airport property.

Runways
The current runways enable the landing of virtually all types of aircraft used in the world today (except for Airbus A380, Boeing 747-8 or another aircraft of similar size). The airport features two perpendicular runways (04/22 and 13/31), both of which underwent a complete reconstruction in the 1980s. Runway 13/31 is equipped for the ICAO category IIIA approach and landing, while 04/22 is category I. Runway 04/22 is 2900 m long and 60 m wide. Runway 13/31 is 3190 m long and 45 m wide.

Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled, seasonal, and seasonal charter flights to and from Bratislava:

Buses and coaches

 * Bratislava – Public transportation trolleybus No. 61 connects the airport to the city centre and the central railway station during the day. At night the airport is served by bus N61 from the central railway station.
 * Vienna – FlixBus and Slovak Lines (jointly with Postbus) operate bus lines (25 services a day – approximately once every 45 minutes) to Vienna which stop also at the Vienna International Airport. The journey to Vienna city centre takes between 75 minutes and 90 minutes.
 * Other destinations – Slovak Lines also operates to destinations around Slovakia.

BUs No 61 in front of the terminal direct goes to Hlavna Stanica (Main bus station) from there one can take Bus No. 93 to city center (just two stops) to the presidential palace, also No. 44 will go to city center (but travel through the village and the castle)

from Airport its better to take Bus ticket for one hour (there is a machine in the bus stop, select for one hour, the machine will accept coins and card only)

Roads
Bratislava Airport can be reached by private car from the city centre, which is 9 km away, or from D1 highway. There is also a taxi stand just near the entrance to the airport with Taxi Slovakia company (taxi of other companies can be called by telephone but rates for the airport are usually higher). Long-term and short-term car parking is provided at the airport, in front of the terminal building.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 4 May 1919, M.R. Štefánik crashed on approach to Vajnory Airport, the predecessor to M. R. Štefánik Airport.

 * On 24 November 1966, an Il-18 on multi-leg TABSO Flight 101 from Sofia to East Berlin via Budapest and Prague crashed into the forested foothills of the Little Carpathians west of the airport, shortly after take-off from Bratislava Airport, where it had been grounded due to bad weather in Prague. All 74 passengers and eight crew members died.

 * On 28 July 1976, an Il-18 on ČSA Flight 001 from Prague crashed into the Zlaté Piesky lake just north-west of the airport while executing a go-around. 69 of 73 passengers and six crew members died in the crash. Two passengers later died in the hospital.

 * On 7 February 1999, a Boeing 707 aircraft crashed on takeoff from BTS. No one was injured.

 * On 6 June 1999, a BAE Hawk 200 aircraft crashed during the SIAD '99 air show, killing the pilot and one female spectator on the ground who was swept off the roof by the explosion.

title: Bratislava Airport


text:
Louis Castle

Louis Castle is an American video games designer. He is known for co-founding Westwood Studios, designing the PC game Blade Runner, and collaborating with Steven Spielberg on the Boom Blox and Boom Blox Bash Party video games for the Wii console based on Spielberg's design ideas.

Career
Castle co-founded Westwood Studios with Brett Sperry in 1985. Castle has multiple credits on Westwood games, including executive producer, technical director, and art director for the 1997 video game Blade Runner. Castle is also known for his contributions to multiple Command & Conquer games.

Westwood was acquired by EA in 1998, and Castle continued on with EA in a number of executive and creative roles. He was executive producer of Boom Blox and Boom Blox Bash Party, developed for the Wii in a collaboration with Steven Spielberg. From 2003 to June 2009, Castle was Vice President of Creative Development at the Los Angeles studio of Electronic Arts (EA Los Angeles).

On July 15, 2009, Castle joined InstantAction as the new CEO of GarageGames. After InstantAction was shut down in November 2010, Castle went on to become Senior Advisor for Premium FanPage in January 2011, and later joined Zynga as VP of Studios.

Castle took a detour out of the video gaming industry to serve as Chief Strategy Officer for Shufflemaster (which became SHFL entertainment) in late 2011. He returned to video games as Creative Director for Kixeye's War Commander: Rogue Assault which launched worldwide in 2016.

On March 9, 2017, Castle became the head of the newly formed Amazon Game Studios Seattle.

Recognition
Castle was given the second annual Lifetime Achievement Award by the Computer Game Developers Association at the Spotlight Awards in 1999. Castle was also given a BAFTA award (along with Steven Spielberg and Amir Rahimi) for his work on Boom Blox in 2009.

Personal life
Castle lives in Las Vegas, Nevada with his family.

Castle was the Grand Master of Masons in Nevada in 2020.

title: Louis Castle


text:
Edwin Wilson

Edwin Wilson may refer to:

 * B. Edwin Wilson, retired United States Air Force general
 * Edwin Bidwell Wilson (1879–1964), American mathematician
 * Edwin H. Wilson (1898–1993), American Unitarian and humanist leader
 * Edwin P. Wilson (1928–2012), American intelligence official and CIA officer
 * Edwin Wilson (academic) (1923–2024), Provost Emeritus, Wake Forest University
 * Edwin Wilson (theater critic) (1927–2023), theater critic for The Wall Street Journal
 * Edwin Wilson (poet) (1942–2022), Australian poet and painter
 * Edwin Lionel Wilson (1861–1951), Australian football administrator
 * Edwin Osbourne Wilson, former concert promoter in Texas

title: Edwin Wilson


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Notumputer

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETE. —Korath (Talk) 04:31, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)

Notumputer
This neologism fails both the Google Web and the Google Groups tests. Uncle G 02:19, 2005 Feb 23 (UTC) This has been speedily deleted, see Vandalism in progress/Long term alerts. Rhobite 03:48, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unless there is notable evidence, it is just pure neologism. Zzyzx11 03:14, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Max Theiler

Max Theiler (30 January 1899 – 11 August 1972) was a South African-American virologist and physician. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1951 for developing a vaccine against yellow fever in 1937, becoming the first African-born Nobel laureate.

Born in Pretoria, Theiler was educated in South Africa through completion of his degree in medical school. He went to London for postgraduate work at St Thomas's Hospital Medical School and at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, earning a 1922 diploma in tropical medicine and hygiene. That year, he moved to the United States to do research at the Harvard University School of Tropical Medicine. He lived and worked in that nation the rest of his life. In 1930, he moved to the Rockefeller Foundation in New York, becoming director of the Virus Laboratory.

Early life and education
Theiler was born in Pretoria, then the capital of the South African Republic (now South Africa); his father Arnold Theiler was a veterinary bacteriologist. He attended Pretoria Boys High School, Rhodes University College, and University of Cape Town Medical School, graduating in 1918. He left South Africa for London to study at St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, King's College London, and at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. In 1922, he was awarded a diploma in tropical medicine and hygiene; he became a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of London and a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

Career development
Theiler wanted to pursue a career in research, so in 1922, he took a position at the Harvard University School of Tropical Medicine in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He spent several years investigating amoebic dysentery and trying to develop a vaccine for rat-bite fever.

After becoming assistant to Andrew Sellards, he started working on yellow fever. In 1926, they disproved Hideyo Noguchi's hypothesis that yellow fever was caused by the bacterium Leptospira icteroides. In 1928, the year after the disease was identified conclusively as being caused by a virus, they showed that the African and South American viruses are immunologically identical. (This followed Adrian Stokes' inducing yellow fever in rhesus macaques from India). In the course of this research, Theiler contracted yellow fever, but survived and developed immunity.

In 1930, Theiler moved to the Rockefeller Foundation in New York, where he later became director of the Virus Laboratory. He was professor of epidemiology and public health at the Yale School of Medicine and the School of Public Health from 1964 to 1967.

Work on yellow fever
After passing the yellow fever virus through laboratory mice, Theiler found that the weakened virus conferred immunity on rhesus macaques. The stage was set for Theiler to develop a vaccine against the disease. Theiler first devised a test for the efficacy of experimental vaccines. In his test, sera from vaccinated human subjects were injected into mice to see if they protected the mice against yellow fever virus. This "mouse protection test" was used with variations as a measure of immunity until after World War II. Subculturing the particularly virulent Asibi strain from West Africa in chicken embryos, a technique pioneered by Ernest Goodpasture, the Rockefeller team sought to obtain an attenuated strain of the virus that would not kill mice when injected into their brains. It took until 1937, and more than 100 subcultures in chicken embryos, for Theiler and his colleague Hugh Smith to obtain an attenuated strain, which they named "17D". Animal tests showed the attenuated 17D mutant was safe and immunizing. Theiler's team rapidly completed the development of a 17D vaccine, and the Rockefeller Foundation began human trials in South America. Between 1940 and 1947, the Rockefeller Foundation produced more than 28 million doses of the vaccine and finally ended yellow fever as a major disease.

For this work, Theiler received the 1951 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Theiler also was awarded the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene's Chalmers Medal in 1939, Harvard University's Flattery Medal in 1945, and the American Public Health Association's Lasker Award in 1949.

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus
In 1937, Max Theiler discovered a filterable agent that was a known cause for paralysis in mice. He found the virus was not transmittable to rhesus macaques, and that only some mice developed symptoms. The virus is now referred to as Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. The virus has been well characterized, and now serves as a standard model for studying multiple sclerosis.

Private life
He married Lillian Graham (1895–1977) in 1928, and they had one daughter. He died on 11 August 1972 in New Haven, Connecticut.

Publications
Max Theiler contributed to three books: Theiler wrote numerous papers, published in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology.
 * Viral and Rickettsial Infections of Man (1948)
 * Yellow Fever (1951)
 * The Arthropod-Borne Viruses of Vertebrates: An Account of The Rockefeller Foundation Virus Program, 1951–1970, Max Theiler and W. G. Downs. (1973) Yale University Press. New Haven and London. ISBN 0-300-01508-9.

title: Max Theiler


text: User talk:70.179.95.21

title: User talk:70.179.95.21


text:
National Coalition for Homeless Veterans

The National Coalition for Homeless Veterans (NCHV) — an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization governed by a 17-member board of directors is a resource and technical assistance center for some community-based service providers and local, state and federal agencies that provide emergency and supportive housing, food, health services, job training and placement assistance, legal aid and case management support for homeless veterans.

NCHV also serves as a liaison between care providers, the U.S. Congress and the executive branch agencies.

Under a technical assistance grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor, NCHV provides guidance and information about program development, administration, governance and funding to all of the nation's homeless veteran service providers.

VA's Plan to end veteran homelessness in five years
On Nov. 3, 2009, at the "VA National Summit Ending Homelessness among Veterans," then-Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki unveiled his department's comprehensive plan to end homelessness among veterans, stating:

Many of you have been working the issue of veteran homelessness for a long time – as members of the Interagency Council on Homelessness or the National Coalition for Homeless Veterans or the Advisory Committee on Homeless Veterans. ... I'm the newcomer here today, so let me reiterate that this is not a summit on homeless veterans – it's a summit to end homelessness among veterans. That's our purpose. President Obama and I are personally committed to ending homelessness among veterans within the next five years.

Upon the summit's conclusion, NCHV published a detailed account of Shinseki's address and the proposed five-year plan, titled "VA Summit Frames Plan to End Veteran Homelessness." On August 5, 2011, the  U.S. Department of Labor announced 23 grants totaling $5,436,148 to provide homeless veterans with job training aimed at helping them succeed in civilian careers. The grants are being awarded by the department's Veterans' Employment and Training Service through the Homeless Veterans Reintegration Program. The grants announced in August 2011, are the first of a possible four years of annual awards contingent upon satisfactory performance and congressional appropriations.


text: User:Adenosine

title: User:Adenosine


text:
Kelley Law

Kelley Law (born January 11, 1966, in Burnaby, British Columbia), Atkins, formerly Owen, is a Canadian curler from Coquitlam, British Columbia. She grew up in Maple Ridge, British Columbia.

Career
Law is most notable for winning a bronze medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, for Canada, with her team of Julie Skinner (Third), Georgina Wheatcroft (Second) and Diane Nelson (Lead). She had an 8–1 record going into the playoffs but lost the semi-final to Great Britain's Rhona Martin who would eventually claim gold. Kelley beat the United States' Kari Erickson for the bronze medal. Law also won the 2000 Scott Tournament of Hearts which qualified her for that year's World Championships, which she also won. The following year she was runner-up at the 2001 Scott Tournament of Hearts where she lost in the final to Nova Scotia's Colleen Jones. Law would take a few years off from curling, and her team split up, with Wheatcroft going on to skip her own team to the 2004 Scott Tournament of Hearts. Wheatcroft then went on to play with Jennifer Jones from the 2005–06 season before returning to play with Law in 2006.

Law returned in 2006 from a curling hiatus which involved having a baby and becoming a certified real estate agent for RE/MAX. In 2007, Law has made her way back to the national championship, now called the Scotties Tournament of Hearts after winning the B.C. Provincial championship on January 28, 2007, with her new team. At the 2007 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Law finished with a 5–6 record.

Law has decided to take the 2007–2008 season off due to her work commitments. As a result, her team has separated. Her former third, Georgina Wheatcroft and lead, Darah Provençal have left to join Colleen Jones to form a new team.

title: Kelley Law


text: User talk:165.230.155.240

title: User talk:165.230.155.240


text:
Slovak National Theatre

The Slovak National Theater (Slovenské národné divadlo, abbr. SND) is the oldest professional theatre in Slovakia, consisting of three ensembles: opera, ballet, and drama. Its history begins shortly after the establishment of the first Czechoslovak Republic in 1918. It is located in the capital, Bratislava.

The theatre is currently based in two separate buildings: the historic Neo-Renaissance building at Gorkého 2 (Hviezdoslavovo námestie) and the new SND building in the Old Town, opened on 14 April 2007, at Pribinova 17. Performances take place on most days of the year. The Slovak National Theatre has represented Slovak culture on its numerous tours abroad.

History
After the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, the idea of a professional Slovak theatre slowly began to materialize. In 1919, the SND Cooperative commissioned the establishment of the Slovak National Theatre (SNT). The cooperative concluded a contract with the director of the East Bohemian Company, Bedřich Jeřábek. It was his opera and drama ensemble that in 1920 began operating all three SND ensembles (drama, opera, ballet) in the building of the former municipal theatre.

The opera of the SNT began its activities on 1 March 1920 with the production of The Kiss by Czech composer Bedřich Smetana. A day later, the drama ensemble presented the play Mariša by brothers Alois and Vilém Mrštík. The ballet section of the theatre made its debut with a production of Coppélia by Léo Delibes on 19 May 1920. The first performance in Slovak also took place in May of that year, with renditions of the one-act plays Hriech and V službe by Jozef Gregor-Tajovský.

The majority of the theatre's original repertoire was performed in Czech because there were not enough Slovak plays, translations, actors, or singers. The first Slovak professional actors, Andrej Bagar, Janko Borodáč, Oľga Borodáčová, Jozef Kello, and Gašpar Arbét, formed the core of the SND promotional drama ensemble.

The SND ensembles originally played in three different buildings—the drama ensemble played in the Pavel Országh Hviezdoslav Theatre building on Laurinská Street and on the Small Stage of the Slovak National Theatre on Dostojevského rad. The opera and ballet were housed in a historic building on Hviezdoslav Square. On 14 April 2007, the SND moved to a new building on Pribinova Street no. 17, in which all three ensembles play under one roof. The space holds 1,700 seats. In addition to the new SND building, the theatre company also continues to use the historic building, where opera, ballet, and drama performances are still held.

Old building

Located on Hviezdoslav Square, the Neo-Renaissance structure was built in 1885–1886 during the time of Austria-Hungary, based on a design by the Viennese architects Fellner & Helmer, who designed theatre buildings in various European cities. It was opened as the "City Theatre" on 22 September 1886, with the opera Bánk bán by Ferenc Erkel, which is one of the most important Hungarian operas. As a sign of this event's importance, Kálmán Tisza, then-Hungarian prime minister, and his entire cabinet, as well as noted Hungarian writer Mór Jókai, attended the ceremony. The gala performance was conducted by Ferenc Erkel himself. The original building was designed for 1,000 spectators and was illuminated using 800 gas lamps, while the auditorium had a chandelier with 64 lights. The interior was decorated with frescoes by Bratislava-native painter Kornél Spányik and paintings by Munich artist Willibald Leo von Lütgendorff-Leinburg, among others.

Austrian sculptor Viktor Oskar Tilgner built the Ganymede fountain located in front of the theatre in 1888.

The building was restored between 1969 and 1972, when a new modern technical building was added behind the old structure. It features a unique chandelier with 2,532 light bulbs, enabling the creation of millions of combinations of light designs based on pre-selected programs.

Murals in the old theatre building

New building

The design of the new building was created in the early 1980s, and construction started in 1986. Due to a lack of funds, the building was under construction for 21 years, which increased the planned costs from 874 million to almost 5 billion Slovak crowns. The building was finally opened on 14 April 2007 and it houses all three ensembles of the Slovak National Theatre. It is designed to hold 1,700 spectators in total.

Notable personalities
Singers
 * Oskar Nedbal (director, 1923–1930)
 * Eugen Suchoň
 * Ján Cikker
 * Alexander Moyzes
 * Edita Gruberová
 * Lucia Popp
 * Peter Dvorský
 * Jozef Kundlák
 * Adriana Kučerová

title: Slovak National Theatre


text:
Talk:JATO Rocket Car

Sun Dec 23 2007
Guys - Actually about ten years ago I found a web site that claimed to likely be the origin of the story.

Look for this version - not sure if it's still online.

Some guys in the south west - including an undergraduate Engineering student, and a teenager who's family had a scrap yard business next to an Air Force base.

He Tells the Story as they did it; noting differences in what the actually did, and what the Darwin awards state.

They do not take credit for the Darwin award - Because they where much more technical about what they did, and nobody was dumb enough to sit in the car when they launched it down the tracks into a close mine entrance. But the evidence the left behind, very curiously matches the evidence of the Darwin award.

1 - The scrap yard got some junk from the air base, including several used JATO rockets. a couple where still live

2 - They actually spent several months on setting up the project, and the engineering student did a bunch of calcs that convinced him it was suicide.

3 - The model of old Junked Car they used is consistent with the Darwin award version

4 - They welded the Jato to the Car, and put the Car on RAILS on the Rail spur going to an Old mine not far of the Highway a few miles outside of town.

5 - After months of planing, building and set up, they had the JATO Rocket car, set up on Rails, on this rail spur, pointed down the mine.

6 - The rail Spur is Very old, and typically covered in sand / Dust.

7 - When they set it off, with no one in it (they were not suicidal)it Slammed very hard into the closed mine shaft, and made enough of a loud noise, explosion, etc, that the guys freaked out, jumped in their car, and sped away, peeling out when the hit the Highway - which would account for the tire tracks and tire mark on the desert and highway.

One would figure that Snopes would have picked up on that. It was likely real, but as every urban legend, that facts are far more reasonable and interesting than the Legend.

IMHO this article requires cleanup as these make me uncomfortable: I'm not sure I can set right all of them, so I've added a cleanup tag. -- Paddu 03:45, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * "convincingly debunked" (POV)
 * "easily achieved" (POV/weasel term?)
 * Lots of inline extlinks in the History section
 * "my mailbox" (what the?)
 * "well-known hacker group" (POV/peacock term)
 * BTW I'm also annoyed at calling crackers hackers (but that's just my POV)
 * "Rube Goldberg engineering" (is that a widely-accepted phrase? Google gives only 124 matches)
 * "entertaining tone" (POV)
 * ext. link labelled "The "True" Story". (confuses the reader who might believe that's true or who might believe that's false because of the quotes, though we don't know if is true)

 * This "article" needs removal. 76.121.112.195 (talk) 16:19, 5 May 2013 (UTC)

Ok, I gave it a whack...

 * "convincingly debunked" seems reasonable to me. They typically test the hypothesis as well as the actually researching the facts of the reported incident.
 * I was unable to find "easily achieved" in the article. I suspect it was already cleaned up.
 * I did not c;eanup inline links. Still probably should be done.
 * "my mailbox" changed to something like "widely circulated via email"
 * "well known hacker group" changed to "high-profile", same language and their wiki entry (and as a side note, I agree with you on the hacker/cracker issue)
 * "Rube goldberg" is very well known. It is based on the cartoonist that did the Roadrunner cartoons, and there is even now an annual engineering contest.  I'd be suprised if it didn't have a wiki entry.
 * "entertaining tone" section removed.
 * Changed "True" story link name. I'm still not satisfied with it, but not sure what to do with it.

I've left the "tone" tag in as I'm not sure I adequately addressed everything.

Wikibofh 04:31, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

inline links...
I looked at it and don't find the inline links that obtrusive, and it seems to flow well to me. I do think that something needs to be done to that first history paragraph, it's way too long IMO. That being said, I'm not sure what to do about it. I may work on it in the next week or so. Once that is done, I think "tone" can be removed.

Wikibofh 22:23, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Cleaned up that history paragraph. Removed tone.  I think it's good enough, or someone else can come along and help out.  :) Wikibofh 16:05, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

cDc version
An archived version of the CDC account can be found here --Echosmoke (talk) 15:29, 10 July 2011 (UTC)

WikiSNOPES?
This "article" is yet another reason Wikipedia is not taken seriously: This is nothing more than "trivia" that would be more appropriate for Snopes, it certainly *is not* "encyclopedic". Indeed it has been "confirmed" to be an Urban Legend. Why is this "article" here? 76.121.112.195 (talk) 16:17, 5 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Because Wikipedia is not a serious encyclopedic source. That simple. =//= Johnny Squeaky 03:44, 6 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Quite true. Particularly amusing to me are the number of times people provide citations that completely fail to support what the story says.  The only rational thing I can think of is that someone once added the citation to a sentence it actually supported but later as people edited the article, the original text was replaced with something completely different, but the citations that are no longer applicable remain. 2001:1890:1263:AFD:F81B:80A8:EDBD:853E (talk) 08:36, 17 November 2014 (UTC)

They Call Me Mister 500
In the mid 1990s, I posted excerpts on alt.folklore.urban from Andy Granatelli's book, 'They Call Me Mister 500' in which he described attaching jato units to a race car and testing it late at night on highways near Chicago. Later, they toured short track racing venues and would use the jato units to wildly accelerate the car for the amusement of the fans watching from the stands. So yes, if Andy Granatelli is to be believed, attaching jato units to a car and setting them off has been done with some scary moments, but without fatality.

Also, it is interesting how the story has changed over time. Every once in a while someone adds more detail the the tale that wasn't there before 2001:1890:1263:AFD:F81B:80A8:EDBD:853E (talk) 08:36, 17 November 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:JATO Rocket Car


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/History of Cape Colony from 1806 to 1870/archive1

History of Cape Colony from 1806 to 1870
This is pretty much a self-nom. I think this article is very comprehensive about a fairly interesting yet little known historical topic. I know this article is a part of a series, and thus usually not preferred for a Featured Article, but I think this is able to stand on its on two legs. Thanks! Páll 02:35, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Very interesting. Just because this isn't the kind of article we normally nominate doesn't mean it isn't worthy. Support. Mike H 04:31, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. If the dates had been completely arbitrary, the fact that this article is one in a series might have been problematic. But as it is now, I believe it deserves to be a FA. Good job. Phils 11:12, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I knew you would push this article to FA. Good job :) --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 11:47, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comments. The intro-graph seems a bit odd. Starting with "After war broke out again" makes that article dependant on what occured before, or at least makes it akward. Also the sentence structure there is a little choppy and hard to follow. You might also want to make a quick note whhat continent we are talking about. I had to look at the main article to find out that this colony was in South Africa (although that's what i would have guessed). Besides that the article is nice. BrokenSegue 22:11, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I fixed the intro paragraph and it now has a proper beginning. Thanks! Páll 16:29, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The reason the article begins without a main sentence is because this article is a part of a series, so it takes up where the last article left off. Could you please provide some examples of how the text is choppy and hard to follow? I'm not sure a note of what continent is necessary, seeing as there are several maps that clearly show South Africa. Páll 22:30, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Just because an article is in a series doesn't mean that it shouldn't be readable independent of the other articles. As to the maps, if you look at them they all show a small penisula but give little context,a cut out map would be nice [it's a minor concern really]. As to the choppy writing, the one thing I noticed was the two sentences starting with the word after in the first graph. I didn't object because it is clear that the article is well thought out and will be featured with a little pruning. BrokenSegue 01:00, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for fixing up the intro, I Support now. BrokenSegue 03:13, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Object. Good article, but I have one main objection: the lead section. It should give a summary of the topic, and also introduce the topic. Right now, you actually need to go to another article first to get the introduction; there is no summary of the article. For example, we do not learn where the Cape Colony is/was, or why the article only deals from 1806 to 1870 (why these "magical" years?). As a minor objection, I would get rid of the "history" caption (as this is a "history of" article already) and then make all current subsections top level sections. Jeronimo 10:55, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I fixed the intro paragraph and it now has a proper beginning. Thanks! Páll 16:29, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Jeronimo 07:28, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Object due to the absence of a proper lead section. Enthusiastically support when/if that's fixed. Everyking 12:21, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I fixed the intro paragraph and it now has a proper beginning. Thanks! Páll 16:29, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Support now. Everyking 22:43, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Object
 * infoxbox is mighty ugly
 * Tightened and brightened this. Better? jengod 07:58, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * not all years are wikilinked
 * "the British Secretary for the Colonies, Lord Glenelg, declared that "the great evil of the Cape Colony consists in its magnitude" and demanded that the boundary be moved back to the Fish River, and eventually had d'Urban dismissed from office in 1837." - where did he write that? to a newspaper of the day? Did he write it to someone in particular? Also doesnt' flow.
 * Cleaned up and clarified. Páll 08:31, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * "The colonists did what they could to save life, but thousands perished miserably. In their extreme famine many of the Amaxosa turned to cannibalism, and one instance of parents eating their own child is authenticated." - who was it authenticated by, can we have more details?
 * Also clarified that it is according to the book War of the Axe. Páll 08:31, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Use Template:Citenewsauthor, Template:Citenews or Template messages/Sources of articles/Generic citations for the references section.
 * Just waiting for you to fix that! Páll 08:31, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Apart from these things, excellent work! - Ta bu shi da yu 06:17, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Object. Although it's already been accepted, have requested that this article be removed as a feature article until the objections have been taken care of - see link on the article's talk page. Greenman 2 July 2005 18:43 (UTC)


text:
USS Katahdin (1893)

USS Katahdin, a harbor-defense ram of innovative design, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Mount Katahdin, a mountain peak in Maine.

Design and construction
The inspiration behind Katahdin was Rear Admiral Daniel Ammen, an advocate of a coastal defense navy. Ammen was impressed by the British torpedo ram HMS Polyphemus. Unlike Polyphemus, which was primarily a torpedo boat, with ramming a secondary function, the American design was for a pure ram, with no torpedoes carried.

Katahdin's design was a new departure in naval architecture, built to ride extremely low in the water with her bow awash while under way. Her hull embodied several new features later used in early submarines. A similar design was the whaleback freighters of the Great Lakes which went into production in 1887.

An order was placed for construction of a prototype armored ram in 1889. Her keel was laid down by the Bath Iron Works of Bath, Maine in July 1891. She was launched on 4 February, 1893, sponsored by Miss Una Soley, daughter of James R. Soley, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 20 February 1897.

Service history
Although Katahdin's engines were more powerful than specified, Katahdin failed to reach the contracted speed of 17 kn, requiring the passing of special legislation to allow her to be accepted by the Navy. Conditions aboard the ship were extremely uncomfortable, as it was cramped and had very poor ventilation, leading to almost intolerable temperatures being recorded.

Katahdin departed New York Harbor 4 March 1897, the day of President William McKinley's first inauguration, and sailed to Norfolk, Virginia, before decommissioning at Philadelphia Naval Yard on 17 April. A year later, with the Navy preparing for an impending war with Spain, she recommissioned there 10 March 1898. She was attached to the North Atlantic Squadron and operated along the Atlantic Coast from New England to Norfolk protecting the nation's seaboard cities from possible attack. After decisive American naval victories at Manila Bay and Santiago Harbor eliminated this threat, the ram decommissioned for the last time at Philadelphia Navy Yard on 8 October.

Katahdin was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 9 July 1909 and designated "Ballistic Experimental Target 'A'. Katahdin was sunk by gunfire at Rappahannock Spit, Virginia, that September.

title: USS Katahdin (1893)


text:
Talk:Anna Held

Common-law husband
How could Florenz Ziegfeld be Held's common-law husband if she was married to another man, Maximo Carrera, from 1894 to 1908? Ziegfeld met Held in 1896 and left her in 1909. Even by the standards of common-law marriage, the partners must be qualified to marry, which Held was not. — Walloon (talk) 16:26, 5 September 2009 (UTC)

Comment
Big Mistake! In the article you can read: "Held spent the years of World War I working in vaudeville..." "After the war ended, she returned to America and starred in the film Madame le Presidente (1916)". "Shortly afterwards her health began to fail. She collapsed onstage in 1918 and died after a few months from multiple myeloma at age 45 (August 12, 1918)".

World War I was from 1914 to 1918 (November 11). Held returned to America and died BEFORE the war ended! Big mistake. Wikipedia is wrong again, ahahhahahahahah!

 * Your comment wasn't removed because you're right (couldn't care less if you are or aren't), it was removed because a). it's rude (the what I assume is suppose to be laughter at the end is unwarranted and insulting) and b). unsigned. Rude and unsigned comments can be removed from talk pages. Talk pages are not here for idle chatter or trolling. They're here to discuss issues about the article. Further, Wikipedia itself can't be wrong. Wikipedia isn't a person who is capable of such a thing. Wikipedia editors can be wrong which can easily be remedied by anyone who stumbles across a mistake. If you're so inclined, fix the article. If not, move on.  Pinkadelica ♣  23:56, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Oh my gosh! There was a mistake in the article.  I don't think there's ever been a mistake on Wikipedia before, so it's a huge relief that you spotted this one.  Instead of the rude comment, whoever you are, you could have just fixed it.   It took me about 3 seconds to fix it, and I think that was much less time than it took you to write your comment here twice.  That's the thing about Wikipedia, anyone can edit it, so if you see something wrong, you can deal with it in a number of ways.   You chose the most unproductive of the options available to you, but if it makes you feel good, go for it.  Kudos on your strong grasp of world history, and thank you for sharing your knowledge with those of lesser intellect. Rossrs (talk) 01:34, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

I'm not Wikipedia servant! I was right and Wikipedia not. I won and Wikipedia lost! AHAHAHAHA...

Pinkadelica and Rossrs are true snowflakes!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.132.172.177 (talk) 01:58, 15 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anna Held


text: Template:United States Virgin Islands

title: Template:United States Virgin Islands


text:
Jacob Ammen

Jacob Ammen (January 7, 1806 – February 6, 1894) was a college professor, civil engineer, and a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. His younger brother, Daniel Ammen, was an admiral in the United States Navy.

Early life and career
Ammen was born in Fincastle, Virginia, but at a young age, his parents moved to Georgetown, Ohio, where Ammen attended school. He was an 1831 honors graduate of the United States Military Academy, where he was an assistant professor for two terms, in addition to his duties as a second lieutenant in the 1st U.S. Artillery. He also served as a drill instructor and captain in the Georgetown militia. He was stationed in Charleston Harbor during the Nullification Crisis.

Resigning from the Army in 1837, Ammen taught mathematics at Bacon College (now called Transylvania University), afterwards teaching in Jefferson College. From 1840 through 1843, he served as Chair of the Mathematics Department at Indiana University. He later taught again in Kentucky and Missouri, before moving in November 1855 to Ripley, Ohio, to work as a civil engineer.

Civil War
Within a week after the Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter in April 1861, Ammen rejoined the Federal army, serving as a captain in the newly raised 12th Ohio Infantry. He was soon commissioned as colonel of the 24th Ohio Infantry. After training at Camp Chase, Ammen's regiment was sent in late July to serve in western Virginia, seeing their first combat at the Battle of Cheat Mountain.

Shipped to the Western Theater, Ammen led a brigade in the Army of the Ohio at the Battle of Shiloh and the Siege of Corinth. Ammen was promoted to brigadier general on July 16, 1862. In August, Ammen assumed the division command vacated by William "Bull" Nelson, who had been given a new command and sent to defend Richmond, Kentucky.

When his health deteriorated, Ammen then performed administrative duty for nearly a year, commanding Camp Douglas in Illinois in early 1863, as well as other Federal garrisons. In late 1863, he returned to the field and commanded the Fourth Division of the XXIII Corps. In September 1864, his 800-man force blocked the vital Virginia and Tennessee Railroad at Bull's Gap, Tennessee, during Stephen G. Burbridge's Saltville raid. Shortly before the end of the war, he resigned in January 1865 and returned home.

Postbellum career
Ammen was a surveyor and civil engineer in Hamilton County, Ohio, then he purchased a farm near Beltsville, Maryland, in 1872. Two years later, he was involved in determining possible routes for the proposed Panama Canal. He served on the board of visitors at West Point in 1875. He retired to Wyoming, Ohio, near Cincinnati.

Becoming blind in his elderly years, he moved in with his son in Lockland, Ohio, in 1891, where he died on February 6, 1894. He was buried in the Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati.

title: Jacob Ammen


text: User talk:65.1.162.16

title: User talk:65.1.162.16


text:
Talk:Europa Universalis

Untitled
I don't really think this is a good place for a handful of incomplete strategies for EU1, so I've cut them and placed them here. --Volrath50 02:48, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Europa Universalis
Strategies:
 * Portugal
 * You receive an early rush of explorers (less so conquistadors) - take advantage of them by founding an early colonial empire in the Americas, or India via Africa.
 * It is also possible to attack North African Muslim states and carve out an early empire there. Fez and Algiers can be easy takeovers, but Morocco could pose a threat if you overstretch your resources.

 * Muscovy
 * You start off as one of the weaker nations, but manpower for your military is cheap and plentiful, and the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, the Golden Horde, and Sibir to the south are very weak. Conquer them as soon as possible. As long as you concentrate on only one at a time, it shouldn't be too difficult. Once you start getting conquistadors and colonists (which starts during the reign of Ivan the Terrible), you can begin exploring and colonizing eastward across Siberia, towards the Pacific Ocean.
 * On the western front, you need to secure a seaport before you can start getting colonists, and the easiest target is Ingermanland on the Baltic Sea. Attack the Teutonic Order and take it from them as soon as you are strong enough.  You can also obtain a seaport by defeating Georgia on the Black Sea, but they are not only a more formidable opponent, but also a fellow Orthodox nation, so you will pay a heavy diplomatic price if you attack them.
 * Cultivate military alliances with Denmark and Pskov. The former is a strong natural ally in the early years, and the latter can eventually be diplo-annexed and made a part of your realm.

Merge proposal
This article is not about the Europa Unversalis series, it's about the video game, so it should contain information only about the video game. --MrStalker talk 12:47, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

 * agree, also this game is notably different in which it is played on the entire world map. while early versions have only part of the globe (europe as the playing field) Akinkhoo 13:24, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Europa Universalis. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20120707020625/http://www.paradoxplaza.com/games/europa-universalis to http://www.paradoxplaza.com/games/europa-universalis

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Source

 * https://web.archive.org/web/20041214224410/http://archive.gamespy.com/gamespin/june01/gamespin14/

title: Talk:Europa Universalis


text:
User talk:Baj~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

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Thanks for uploading Image:BillyGrahamPortrait web.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images (on my talk page) and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, BrokenSegue 02:49, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Baj. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Baj~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:21, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:51, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Baj~enwiki


text:
Mediabase

Mediabase is a music industry service that monitors radio station airplay in 180 US and Canadian markets. Mediabase publishes music charts and data based on the most played songs on terrestrial and satellite radio, and provides in-depth analytical tools for radio and record industry professionals. Mediabase charts and airplay data are used on many popular radio countdown shows and televised music awards programs. Music charts are published in both domestic and international trade publications and newspapers worldwide. Mediabase is a division of iHeartMedia.

History
Mediabase was founded in 1985 by Nancy and Rich Deitemeyer (a.k.a. Rich Meyer). Originally known as Mediascan, the company changed its name to Mediabase in 1987. Mediabase became the industry's first mass-airplay monitoring company in late 1987. After its inception, Mediabase was purchased by a private equity group based in Detroit, Michigan, then acquired by California-based Premiere Radio Networks, Jacor Communications, Clear Channel Communications, and ultimately, Bain Capital.

In January 1988, Mediabase began publishing a trade magazine known as Monday Morning Replay, featuring monitored airplay in the top 35 US radio markets. Mediabase then expanded its coverage to 180 US and Canadian markets. In 1992, Mediabase transitioned to delivery by data disk. In 1997, Mediabase moved its product to the Internet. Over the years, Mediabase has supplied data to numerous trade business-to-business (B-to-B) publications including Radio & Records, Network Magazine Group, Gavin, Hits, and Friday Morning Quarterback. Mediabase charts appear every Friday (originally every Tuesday until during the 3rd quarter of 2015) in USA Today's LIFE section. Mediabase serves as the official music chart provider for USA Today, the American Music Awards, and numerous syndicated programs, such as American Top 40 with Ryan Seacrest.

Charts and data
Mediabase produces song charts and airplay analyses of radio airplay in more than two dozen radio formats based on the monitoring of more than 1,800 radio stations in the US and Canada. Mediabase also monitors HD formats, video channels, and satellite radio.

Published charts are used on popular business-to-business (B-to-B) and consumer websites including AllAccess, Friday Morning Quarterback, Country Aircheck, and Hits Daily Double.

Music and entertainment industry executives gain access to in-depth charts and analyses through B-to-B exclusive access.

Mediabase owns and operates Rate the Music, a service that allows consumers to rate music on a scale from 1 to 5 and whether or not they are tired of hearing the song on the radio for the radio and record industries.

As of November 2022, Billboard started using Mediabase to make calculations for the Radio Songs chart, which is one of the components that is used to determine chart positions in the Hot 100 charts in the United States and Canada.

Countdown
Mediabase charts are the source for the following radio countdown programs:

 * American Top 40 with Ryan Seacrest (Top 40 and Hot AC shows).
 * Bob Kingsley's Country Top 40
 * Country Countdown USA with Lon Helton
 * American Country Countdown with Kix Brooks (from 2009 to 2017)
 * Crook & Chase Country Countdown
 * Nikki Sixx Active Rock and Alternative Radio Countdowns
 * SiriusXM Hits 1 Weekend Countdown
 * Smooth Jazz Top 20 Countdown with Allen Kepler

Other
Mediabase is the primary programming tool for nationally syndicated programs like Open House Party, After Midnite, and Nighttime with Delilah.

Formats monitored

 * Mainstream adult contemporary
 * Hot adult contemporary
 * Mainstream top 40
 * Rhythmic top 40
 * Urban top 40
 * Urban adult contemporary
 * Country
 * Alternative rock
 * Active rock
 * Mainstream rock
 * Adult alternative
 * Rhythmic adult contemporary
 * Adult hits
 * Dance
 * Classic rock
 * Smooth jazz
 * Christian top 40
 * Christian adult contemporary
 * Classic hits
 * Gospel
 * Regional Mexican
 * Spanish contemporary
 * Tropical
 * Christmas (seasonal)

Canadian radio

 * Top 40
 * Hot Adult Contemporary
 * Adult Contemporary
 * Country
 * Active Rock
 * Alternative

title: Mediabase


text:
Citroën Prototype C

The Citroën Prototype C was a range of prototype vehicles created by Citroën from 1955 to 1956 under the direction of André Lefèbvre. The idea was to produce a water-drop-shaped, very lightweight vehicle that would be more modern and smaller than the 2CV. One of the prototypes, the Citroën C10, has survived and is still owned by Citroën.

The overall look of the vehicle was quite similar to the Messerschmitt bubble car. It was equipped with the same 425 cc engine as the 2CV.

The vehicle was nicknamed the Citroën Coccinelle (French for ladybug).

title: Citroën Prototype C


text: User talk:68.36.93.48

title: User talk:68.36.93.48


text:
User talk:GalwaySue

Welcome!

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Favour
GalwaySue? I am Shanequinlan01. I am an Irish republican. I like you believe that Pearse was not a homosexual and also that their is a strong political effort to destroy his image. I know your proof is unpublished and naturally you fear it could be manipulated. If I could see anything on the issue I would be grateful to you.

title: User talk:GalwaySue


text:
File:Logo happy meal english.JPG

Happy Meal logo, English

title: File:Logo happy meal english.JPG


text:
User talk:Ghost of Jefferson

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 02:53, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Ghost of Jefferson


text:
File:Logo happy meal japanese.JPG

Happy Meal logo, Japanese

title: File:Logo happy meal japanese.JPG


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kaseidramon2

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETE. —Korath (Talk) 18:15, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Kaseidramon
Apparent re-creation of a deleted article. I don't know if this is different enough from the original to warrant a new VfD, or anything. Reading articles like this hurts my very soul, so I have no read it in its entirety, nor do I remember the deleted article enough to compare the two. I'd vote delete or merge, just because thats how I feel about basically all Poke- or Digi- mon, so I don't expect to be heeded on that basis. But I think this line from the article's conlcusion is wirth noting "It's safe to say this character will never make it into any Digimon movie or episode". Old VfD below. -R. fiend 05:11, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Old VfD now restored to a separate page. This page renamed and votes moved so that we can preserve the old vote as a complete archive.  Rossami (talk) 02:56, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as before, unless there's some verification of its existence. As before, I am skeptical, because the premise sounds implausible. Digimon is a children's show and this is apparently some psychopath killer Digimon: "the gruesome tendency to blow holes in people's (human people's) chests with a nearby shotgun". Everyking 05:43, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, fancruft. Megan1967 05:55, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, re-creation of VfD'd article. Szyslak 06:43, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. It's an exact copy of the last one. Xezbeth  07:14, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Already deleted once. --BM 18:55, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --nixie 06:37, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fancruft. Carrp | Talk 07:15, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete seems to be non-canonical. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 12:17, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted under CSD case G4 (recreated content). Rossami (talk) 03:01, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
File:Logo happy meal spanish.jpg

Summary
Happy Meal logo, Spanish, Reads "Happy Little Box"

title: File:Logo happy meal spanish.jpg


text:
Talk:Climate theory

Untitled
This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Climate theory. dbenbenn | talk 02:58, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Climate theory


text:
Talk:Tigrawot

This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Tigrawot. The consensus was to keep it. dbenbenn | talk 03:03, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The final decision was to keep the "Tigrawot" article, but less clear was the decision to expand or merge. A count of the votes actually suggests "Merge," so shouldn't the final decision indicate "Merge" rather than "Keep?"  Perhaps it's a minor point.  However, from the point of view of someone watching the edit summaries, it looks like the decision was to keep the article, but then someone abruptly redirected it anyway.  Note that I am not disagreeing with the merge itself. -- Gyrofrog 06:30, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tigrawot