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Milner's Kindergarten

Milner's Kindergarten is the informal name of a group of Britons who served in the South African civil service under High Commissioner Alfred, Lord Milner, between the Second Boer War and the founding of the Union of South Africa in 1910. It is possible that the kindergarten was Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain's idea, for in his diary dated 14 August 1901, Chamberlain's assistant secretary Geoffrey Robinson wrote, "Another long day occupied chiefly in getting together a list of South African candidates for Lord Milner – from people already in the (Civil) Service". They were in favour of the unification of South Africa and, ultimately, an Imperial Federation with the British Empire itself. On Milner's retirement, most continued in the service under Lord Selborne, who was Milner's successor, and the number two-man at the Colonial Office. The Kindergarten started off with 12 men, most of whom were Oxford graduates and English civil servants, who made the trip to South Africa in 1901 to help Lord Milner rebuild the war torn economy. Quite young and inexperienced, one of them brought with him a biography written by F.S. Oliver on Alexander Hamilton. He read the book, and the plan for rebuilding the new government of South Africa was based along the lines of the book, Hamilton's federalist philosophy, and his knowledge of treasury operations. The name, "Milner's Kindergarten", although first used derisively by Sir William Thackeray Marriott, was adopted by the group as its name.

The Boer War
The discovery of gold in the Boer republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State, located within the British colony of South Africa in 1867, led to conflict between the two peoples due to the migration of British settlers ("Uitlanders") into the region. Perhaps out of fear of eventual domination from the British, the Boer governments refused to grant citizenship rights to the settlers. Negotiations failed to achieve results, and conflict eventually erupted. An attempt to overthrow the Transvaal Government in late 1895, in a raid led by British Colonial Administrator Starr Jameson, led to embarrassment for the English. The Jameson Raid led to the appointment of a trustworthy Governor, Sir Alfred Milner, on 15 February 1897. Still, negotiations with the Boers achieved little. Milner blamed this on the conservative, isolationist policies of Boer President Paul Kruger in the Transvaal and Orange Republics. To stand up to "Krugerism", the British decided to increase their military presence in South Africa, which led to a demand by Kruger that all the soldiers return home. When the British refused, the Boer Republics declared war. Their initial military successes were eventually overcome by superior British manpower. The war, which lasted from October 1899 to May 1902, was costly to both sides. It was highlighted by sieges and guerrilla warfare on the part of the Boers, and scorched earth tactics and concentration camps (to relocate Boer families) by the British. With Boer manpower eventually exhausted, a peace treaty was signed on 31 May 1902. The two Boer republics were then absorbed into the British Empire, in exchange for lenient treatment, rebuilding and financial help. Paul Kruger left South Africa for good, leaving the leadership of the Boers in the hands of trustworthy subordinates Louis Botha and Jan Smuts.

Why Milner?
In response to the Jameson Raid, negotiations between the British and Boer sides came to loggerheads. For the first time, the Kruger Government openly defied the British, and it stepped up its importation of guns and ammunition, much of it from Germany. For their part, the British sought to replace Lord Rosmead, its high commissioner, who was complicit in the raid, and to soften his tough negotiating hand. After six months of searching, and with the approval of Prime Minister Salisbury, Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain chose Sir Alfred Milner. Milner’s name was suggested to Chamberlain by Lord Selborne, the number two man at the Colonial Office, who was a friend of Milner’s. Chamberlain had met Milner in 1889 while travelling in Egypt, and Milner subsequently wrote a book, England in Egypt, which Chamberlain is said to have read and praised. After writing to the Prime Minister of his decision on 8 January 1897, Salisbury answered, “Your choice of Milner for the Cape, will, I think, be a success”. It is said by author Nimocks that Milner’s attitude toward the colonies paralleled that of the best politicians in government, so that may have been why he was picked. The public was informed of the decision on 15 February 1897. Milner sailed for South Africa on 17 April. Before he left, Chamberlain told him, “to stand upon our rights and wait events”. After a year of studying the situation in South Africa, Milner wrote back to his boss and said, “Two wholly antagonistic systems-a mediaeval race oligarchy, and a modern industrial state, recognizing no difference of status between various white races-cannot permanently live side by side in what is after all one country. The race-oligarchy has got to go, and I see no signs of it removing itself." In fact, war did break out seventeen months later.

Lord Milner's influence
As a result of the South African War, reconstruction efforts were Lord Milner's responsibility. The necessity to delegate responsibility into trustworthy hands prompted him to gather together a group of young men from Oxford University and the Colonial Office. At the suggestion of the Earl of Cromer, he said:

"...I mean to have young men. There will be a regular rumpus and a lot of talk about boys and Oxford and jobs and all that...Well I value brains and character more than experience.  First class men of experience are not to be got.  Nothing one could offer would tempt them to give up what they have...No!  I shall not be here for very long but when I go I mean to leave behind me young men with plenty of work in them..."

Most of Lord Milner's proteges worked in the Transvaal, where reconstruction was needed the most. They continued in their positions after his departure for England on 2 April 1905, serving under Lord Selborne until responsible government was formed in 1907. The Kindergarten formed close relationships with one another, and all remained friends until the day they died.

Pre Reconstruction
The following personnel arrived before the Treaty of Vereeniging was signed on 31 May 1902:

The first person to be hired by Lord Milner was Peter Perry. A graduate of Oxford and an employee of the Colonial Office, he was sent to South Africa in 1900 to replace George Fiddes, Lord Milner's retiring personal secretary. In July 1901, he became Assistant Imperial Secretary with responsibility over native (indigenous) territories. He negotiated with the Portuguese to acquire native (African) labour for the mines. In 1903, he resigned and joined private industry to head up recruitment and working conditions of African labour on the Rand (greater Johannesburg).

Next came Lionel Curtis. Another Oxford graduate, Curtis came to South Africa in late 1900 and was employed by Perry as an assistant secretary. He was present for the writing of the Johannesburg Municipal Charter, and became the city's Town Clerk when the charter took effect. He also established a monthly journal, The State, with financing from Abe Bailey, to help unite the war torn country. In 1906, a book titled Alexander Hamilton found its way to South Africa, where, by chance, it was read by Curtis. It described Hamilton's role in creating the United States Constitution by listing instance after instance where the cause for a federal union (separate states reporting to a central government) was strong enough to make the United States secure and prosperous. The book was used as the basis for writing a new South African Constitution.

Third was Patrick Duncan. Duncan, an Oxford Civil Servant who worked at Inland Revenue, was invited by Lord Milner to South Africa in 1901 to become Treasurer of the Transvaal. He later became Colonial Secretary of the Transvaal, supported by Richard Feetham as Assistant Colonial Secretary, and John Dove as his assistant.

Like Perry, Geoffrey Robinson was another Oxford alumnus working at the Colonial Office. His connection as an assistant private secretary to Joseph Chamberlain brought him to South Africa in November 1901 to work for Lord Milner as his secretary. He later became Secretary for Municipal Affairs in the Transvaal. Upon Lord Milner's departure from South Africa in April 1905, Robinson became editor of the Johannesburg Star.

Hugh Wyndham, an Oxford graduate who travelled to South Africa for health reasons, secured a private secretariat position with Lord Milner.

Later prominence
Many of these men themselves attained public prominence after their experience as members of Milner's Kindergarten. The group often met at Stonehouse, Sir Herbert Baker's private residence in Parktown.

The original members were:

 * Robert Henry Brand, 1st Baron Brand (1878–1963): Upon returning to England, Brand became a managing director at the Investment Banking firm of Lazard Brothers, holding the position until 1944. In 1946 he was bequeathed the title of Baron.  According to Carroll Quigley, he was the leader of the Kindergarten from 1955 to 1963.  He wrote two important books,The Union of South Africa (1909), and War and National Finance (1921).
 * Sir Patrick Duncan (1870-1943): While most of the Kindergarten returned to England in 1909, Duncan stayed behind. He entered South African politics, rising to become Governor General of South Africa from 1937 to 1943.
 * Sir Herbert Baker (1862–1946): Although not technically part of the Kindergarten, Baker also stayed behind. He established an architectural firm in South Africa in 1902, he designed dozens of public buildings, he eventually returned to England, and was knighted in 1926.
 * William Lionel Hichens (1874–1940): After leaving the Colonial Office in 1907, Hitchens found almost immediate success as Chairman of Cammell Laird & Co., a major ship building company, and later as the Director of various railroad companies.
 * Hugh A. Wyndham (1877-1963): Upon returning to England, Wyndham became a professional writer, authoring a number of books on English history and Colonialism. He inherited the title of Earl in 1952.
 * Richard "Dick" Feetham (1874-1965): Like Patrick Duncan, Feetham stayed behind in South Africa. A lawyer, chairman of the Irish Boundary Commission, and eventually a South African Appellate Judge, Feetham was the last surviving member of the Kindergarten.  He died in Natal Colony on 5 November 1965.
 * Lionel Curtis (1872-1955): With Lord Milner's death in 1925, Curtis became the de facto leader of the Kindergarten until his death in 1955. Returning to England in late June 1909, he was a founder and editor of The Round Table Journal. An Oxford professor in private practice, Curtis also founded the venerable Royal Institute of International Affairs.
 * F. (Peter) Perry (1873-1935): Peter Perry recruited Chinese workers for the South African mines, he left South Africa for Canada in 1912, and like Brand, took up an Investment Banking career at the London-based financial firm of Lazard Brothers.
 * Sir Dougal Orme Malcolm (1877–1955): Malcolm left the Civil Service in 1912 to become Director of the British South Africa Company, which he held for 37 years.
 * John Dove (1872–1934): After returning to England in 1911, Dove became the chief editor of The Round Table Journal, a position he held until his death.
 * Philip Kerr, the 11th Marquess of Lothian (1880–1940): Arriving back in England in 1909, Kerr was editor of The Round Table Journal until 1916 (paid £1,000 a year), private secretary to Prime Minister Lloyd George during World War I, and appointed a trustee over the Rhodes Trust in 1925. He was awarded a peerage in 1930, and went on to become British Ambassador to the United States of America from 24 April 1939  until the time of his death on 12 December 1940.
 * George Geoffrey Dawson (1874–1944): Geoffrey Robinson (changed to Dawson in 1917) left South Africa in December 1910, after five years as editor of the Johannesburg Star, he joined The Times of London newspaper in February 1911, becoming its chief editor from 1912 to 1919, and 1922 to 1941.

Other members included:

Many of these men continued to associate formally after their South African service through their founding of The Round Table Journal, which was established to promote Imperial Federation. Patrick Duncan's obituary in the journal's September 1943 edition, may best describe their ethos: Duncan became the doyen [leader] of the band of brothers [in South Africa], Milner's young men, who were nicknamed ... The Kindergarten, then in the first flush of youthful enthusiasm. It is a fast aging and dwindling band now; but it has played a part in the Union of South Africa colonies, and it is responsible for the foundation and conduct of The Round Table. For forty years and more, so far as the vicissitudes of life have allowed, it has kept together; and always, while looking up to Lord Milner and to his successor in South Africa, the late Lord Selborne, as its political Chief, has revered Patrick Duncan as the Captain of the band.
 * John Buchan, Lord Tweedsmuir (1875-1940): Upon returning home from South Africa in 1903, Buchan wrote three books in one year. He was elected to Parliament in 1927, and from 1935 to 1940 was appointed Governor-General of Canada. A complete list of his many works can be found here.
 * Arthur Frederick Basil Williams (1867-1950): Returning home in 1910, Williams became a writer, history professor, and English historian.
 * Sir George Vandeleur Fiddes (1858-1936): Upon his return to the Colonial office in 1902, Fiddes served as Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1916 to 1921. He received the highest order of knighthood, the G.C.M.G., in 1917.
 * Sir John Hanbury-Williams (1858-1946): After returning to London at the end of 1900, Williams become Military Secretary to both the Secretary of State for War and the Governor-General of Canada. He headed up the British military mission in Russia during World War I, before leading the British Prisoners of War Department in the Hague in 1917.  Williams retired as a major general in 1919, and was knighted for a third time in 1926.
 * Maine Swete Osmond Walrond (1870-1927): "Ozzy", a Colonial Office employee, was Milner's private secretary in South Africa from April 1897. He traveled to Egypt from 1917 to 1921, where, assigned to the Intelligence Section in Cairo, he assisted Lord Milner with his mission to keep Egypt in the Empire. Walrond received English knighthood in 1901. He was related to Philip Kerr.
 * Sir Fabian Ware (1869-1949): Ware returned home in 1905. In the World War, he headed an ambulance unit for the Red Cross, was put in charge of Graves Registration for the Army in 1916, and become a permanent member of the Imperial War Graves Commission in 1919. He was knighted and recognized by the King for his service in both world wars.
 * William Flavelle Monypenny (1866-1912): Monypenny returned to London in 1903, and while working for The Times, became a director of the company in 1908. He died of heart failure at the age of 46.

Non-Kindergarteners
Prior to the Oxford arrivals, Lord Milner had administrative help from the following officials:

 * Lord Basil Temple Blackwood (1870-1917): Lord Blackwood was a secretary for Lord Milner from 1901 to 1907, occasionally filing in as Colonial Secretary and Deputy Governor. However, he was not involved in Kindergarten decision making.  Blackwood was appointed colonial secretary to Barbados from 1907 to 1910.  An artist, he illustrated many children’s books.  He was a lieutenant in the B.E.F. during the Great War, and was killed in a German night raid on 4 July 1917.
 * Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams (1858-1920): Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams was appointed Deputy Commissioner of the Orange River Colony in January 1901, rising to Governor in 1907. He returned to England in 1911, and was appointed Governor of Queensland (Australia) from 1915 to 1920.  He died suddenly, of a lung infection, on 13 April 1920.
 * Mr. Henry Francis (Harry) Wilson (1859-1937): arrived in South Africa in February 1900. First serving as legal advisor to Lord Milner, he was promoted and served as Secretary of the Orange River Colony from 1901 to 1907, where he played a significant role in its reconstruction.  Returning to England in 1907, Wilson was secretary of the Royal Colonial Institute from 1915 to 1921, and was later knighted for his service.

A step back
When negotiating the peace treaty, General Herbert Kitchener won over hardliner Jan Smuts by telling him that the upcoming British elections would probably result in the election of a Liberal Prime Minister, and with his election, he would likely allow the Boers complete self-government. With this knowledge, the Boers voted in favour of the treaty, 54 to 6. Upon the election of Liberal Henry Campbell-Bannerman on 5 December 1905, the Boers went back to free elections and majority rule. In fact, Winston Churchill was appointed Under Secretary of State for the Colonies for the purpose of returning South Africa to the Boers. Some, but not all of the reforms instituted by the Kindergarten were overturned, and both Louis Botha and Jan Smuts rose as leaders in the new South Africa. However, the country remained loyal to the Crown, and both men played important roles for Great Britain during the First World War. The influence of the Kindergarten is hard to measure. During its time, modern democratic representation was introduced at the local level. Finances too, were under strict British control during the transition to British rule. The 5% tax levied by the Boers on the gold industry was increased to 10%, and in return, the new South African State received £9.5 billion in grants to rebuild. Meanwhile, the Lyttelton Constitution, which Lord Milner favoured, and which became law on 31 March 1905, was nullified by the Campbell-Bannerman Government, and the Boers were given complete self government in their former territories. Despite an orchestrated effort in 1906-07 to keep South Africa British, led by Curtis, Kerr, and Robinson, after popular elections in the Transvaal and Orange River Colony in 1907, 400 British civil service workers were dismissed. Although the Kindergarten's desire for an American-style federal republic for the four South African colonies was defeated in favor of a unitary government (all power at the top) in 1909, the Kindergarten continued to apply federalist principals in the Round Table Journal, in the belief that a federalist form of government was better than that existing in Great Britain.

Post South Africa
In July 1909, with most of their business done in South Africa, Lord Selborne and many members of the Kindergarten returned to England. With experience under their belt, with Lord Milner as their guide, and back in their home country, they renamed their group the Round Table. The Roundtablers attracted additions of William Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne (Undersecretary at the Colonial Office), Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor and F. S. Oliver (businessman and writer of a book on Alexander Hamilton). Despite their affiliation with South Africa and colonialism, which was a polarizing matter in much of England, "the group scorned any connection with political parties".

The dominant political factions of the day in England were the Unionist government and the Liberal Party. The unpopular war forced an early end to the conservative government of Arthur Balfour on December 4, 1905, and to the reign of conservative leadership (in place since 1895). With the generation of imperial leadership that Lord Milner identified with (Balfour, Chamberlain, Salisbury & Goschen) sidelined, he found himself on extended furlough. Meanwhile, the Round Table members drew closer together as a collegial group. Philip Kerr became good friends with Waldorf Astor, R.H. Brand intermarried with the Astor family, and other lifelong friendships developed. The group met at Oliver's country home, at Lord Salisbury's residence, at Lord Lothian's, and at Waldorf Astor's estate at Cliveden. They decided to get their message of the Empire out to the public and to authorities.

Initially, Lionel Curtis came up with the idea of a journal called Magazine, specific to each of the Dominions. This idea was liked by Lord Milner. However, for logistical and practical reasons, Milner did not know where all the writers would come from, or who would pay for it. Ultimately, one magazine was published, called The Round Table, a Quarterly Review of the Politics of the British Empire, with most of the funding coming from South African mining magnate Abe Bailey, and the rest from the Rhodes Family Trust. The first issue was published in November 1910. Although its name was changed in 1966, it is still published today as The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs.

title: Milner's Kindergarten


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Talk:Nur für Deutsche

Untitled
I dont think that it is necessary to create an article for every slogan German (or other) occupation forces used. The information about the treatment of the Poles should be mentioned in the article about Poland.
 * Indeed, this belongs under an umbrella heading. But I guess there is another agenda with the inflation of "Nazi"-articles. --105.3.252.82 (talk) 21:19, 27 July 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Nur für Deutsche


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Tenovus Cancer Care

Tenovus Cancer Care is a Welsh cancer charity that supports cancer patients and their families, funds cancer research, and works to raise awareness on how to prevent cancer.

History
Tenovus Cancer Care was established in 1943 by ten businessmen (hence the 'ten of us'). Those men were D.R. Edwards, C. Harris, G. Brinn, C.E. Rolfe, D. Curitz, G.T. Addis, T.J.E. Price, H. Thomas, H.E. Gosling and T. Curitz.

Initially, the charity funded a range of local projects in health and social field. In 1964, Tenovus Cancer Care embarked on a project that was to influence their work over the next 40 years. D.R. Edwards, the founder Chairman of the group of ten, cut the first sod on the site of the Tenovus Institute for Cancer Research in Cardiff. Since then, Tenovus Cancer Care has concentrated its efforts on cancer, and Tenovus Cancer Care scientists have been recognised for their pioneering work.

Tenovus Cancer Care remains the biggest Wales-based funder of cancer research and has developed a range of services to support cancer patients directly, including a free Support Line, benefits advice, two Mobile Cancer Support Units and 'Sing with Us' choirs across the country. In 2018, the charity celebrated its 75th anniversary.

Research
The charity has supported scientists whose research has led to significant discoveries benefiting cancer patients globally. For example, in 1975, researchers demonstrated that a contraceptive pill could inhibit the growth of breast cancers, ultimately contributing to the development of Tamoxifen, a medication widely used by millions of women worldwide.

Tenovus Cancer Care allocates approximately £1M annually to fund research endeavors, including both laboratory research aimed at advancing cancer treatments, and community-based research initiatives to support local individuals and their families. Currently, the charity funds PhD studentships in Cardiff, Swansea and Bangor universities.

Cancer Support
Tenovus Cancer Care's first Mobile Support Unit was launched in February 2009. Since its launch, the unit has expanded its services to more than 50 locations, providing support to numerous patients and visitors. Working with Velindre NHS Trust, Tenovus Cancer Care has been delivering chemotherapy and other cancer treatments in Cwmbran and Nantgarw. During this period, the Mobile Support Unit has provided over 10,000 treatments.

In October 2013, a second Mobile Support Unit was launched to deliver support for people with lymphoedema, an incurable condition that can be a side-effect of cancer treatment. In October 2018, the new £1 million Mobile Support Unit was unveiled by HRH The Princess Royal. It is notably sized, with seven chemotherapy chairs, capable of accommodating 30 patients daily and delivering over 8,500 treatments annually. Calculations suggest that the collective impact of the existing Mobile Support Units saves the NHS in Wales more than £1 million annually, and the new Mobile Support Unit could deliver more than 125,000 treatments over its operational lifespan.

In 2014, Tenovus Cancer Care collaborated with Movember and Prostate Cancer UK to launch the UK's first ManVan, a 38-foot American Motorhome that offers men a safe, relaxing space in which to discuss issues around male cancers such as prostate and testicular cancer. During the three-year project, the ManVan had more than 6,200 visitors, helped over 600 men who had a cancer diagnosis and offered around 4,000 appointments. It visited almost 100 locations across the country and travelled over 42,326 miles. Tenovus Cancer Care also has a 14-strong team of Cancer Support Advisors, offering help, guidance and support through its multi-disciplinary service, allowing patients and their families to access a number of services directly through the charity. The team provides advice about welfare benefits for cancer patients and helps people apply for grants, blue badges and other essential support.

Tenovus Cancer Care has a national free Support Line (0808 808 1010), which is open 8am-8pm, 365 days a year. They more recently launched a proactive telephone chemotherapy callback service (Tenovus Cancer Care Callback) where a Tenovus Cancer Care Nurse Specialist contacts cancer patients throughout their treatment to provide advice and support.

Sing with Us choirs
In 2012, Tenovus Cancer Care launched the 'Sing with Us' project, funded by the Big Lottery, to run 15 choirs across Wales for cancer patients, survivors, their families and people bereaved through cancer. Initial research conducted by Cardiff University and Tenovus Cancer Care has proved that singing in the choirs reduces anxiety and pain, as well as helping to improve physical function. Tenovus Cancer Care's work in this area also featured in the October 2012 Channel 4 documentary 'Sing For Your Life', where the charity set up a choir of cancer patients that performed at the Royal Albert Hall.

In late 2014, Tenovus Cancer Care set up their first Sing with Us choir outside Wales, in Guildford, Surrey. In 2015, Tenovus Cancer Care conducted research with the Royal College of Music in London into the benefits of singing. By taking saliva samples from around 200 choir members before, and after rehearsal, they showed singing in one of their choirs was effective at reducing peoples' anxiety and depression, and had a positive impact on biological markers related to stress, immune function and inflammatory response. This research is now being expanded on with a two-year study with the Royal College of Music and the Royal Marsden Hospital.

title: Tenovus Cancer Care


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Player versus environment

Player versus environment (PvE, also known as player versus monster (PvM) and commonly misinterpreted as player versus entity) is a term used for both single player and online games, particularly MMORPGs, CORPGs, MUDs, other online role-playing video games and survival games to refer to fighting computer-controlled enemies - in contrast to PvP (player versus player) which is fighting other players in the game. In survival games a large part may be fighting the elements, controlling hunger and thirst, learning to adapt to the environment and exploration.

Usually a PvE mode can be played alone, with human companions or with AI companions. The PvE mode may contain a storyline that is narrated as the player progresses through missions. It may also contain missions that may be done in any order.

Examples
Guild Wars narrates its story by displaying in-game cut scenes and dialogue with non-playable characters (NPCs). To enhance replayability, missions can often be completed many times. Characters playing in this mode are often protected against being killed by other players and/or having their possessions stolen. An example of a game where this is not the case is Eve Online, where players can be, and often are, ambushed by other human players player versus player while attempting to complete a quest. Some games, such as World of Warcraft, offer the player the choice of participating in open-world PvP combat or doing quests without PvP interruption, by offering players the ability to join servers where PvP is enabled by default, or allowing them to activate temporary "flags" which allow them to attack and be attacked by other "flagged" players for a limited time.

title: Player versus environment


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Boil (disambiguation)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. —Korath (Talk) 20:49, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

Boil (disambiguation)
This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * I have moved this here from Boil. I believe that the skin infection and the change of phase of matter are the only two things that a user might reasonably be wanting to look up when searching for "boil". The other two entries on this page are dictionary entries. I have moved the infection, which was previously at "Boils", to Boil and added a line at the top clarifying that information about the phases of matter and the boiling point can be found in those respective articles. — Timwi 19:03, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, I don't understand. You are asking us to delete the disambiguation page? Why? -- Jmabel | Talk 02:11, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * The user seems to think that only the common definitions should be included (the skin condition and the change of phase), therefore a disambig is unnecessary. I respectfully disagree.  --L33tminion | (talk) 17:02, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm with L33tminion on this: this seems harmless at worst. Can't think of any reason to delete it. Keep. -- Jmabel | Talk 22:46, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep by all means. Even if it's true that "the skin infection and the change of phase of matter are the only two things that a user might reasonably be wanting to look up" we'd still need a disambig page for them. --Angr 09:38, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- AllyUnion (talk) 12:45, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, I see no reason to delete this disambiguation page. Megan1967 08:59, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: I think we should united boil and abscess in one article. Boil is just a form of abscess I think. --Friðrik Bragi Dýrfjörð 18:53, 15 February 2006 (UTC)


text: User talk:214.4.150.228

title: User talk:214.4.150.228


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Talk:A Dictionary of the English Language

Single-handedly?
I will propose an amendment to this article soon, but in brief, it is too simplistic to describe Johnson as writing the dictionary 'single-handedly' ('Remarkably, he did so single-handedly, with only clerical assistance to copy out the illustrative quotations that he had marked in books. Johnson produced several revised editions during his life.') See Robert Demaria, Jr and Gwin J Kolb, 'Johnson's Dictionary and Dictionary Johnson', The Yearbook of English Studies 28 (1998), pp. 19-43. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.67.132.7 (talk) 09:20, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

Math error?
6,000 copies is not 20 copies a year for 30 years - that would only be 600.

Public domain source?
Is there a PD version of this dictionary? -- Toytoy 19:04, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)

Black Adder
I think if would be appropriate to mention that the writing of the dictionary was satirized in Rowan Atkinson's Black Adder series for the BBC, where the manuscript was almost burned.

Olde?
In The Johnson Dictionary Project, I searched for 'olde' (which Wikipedia gives as an example of Johnson's conservative spelling) and found nothing, but when I searched for 'old' I found many entries. Shouldn't we provide an example that's actually in the dictionary? --Berserk798 02:03, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

4th edition publication date?
I thought it was 1773 not 1783?

Fart
"To break wind behind."

"As when we a gun discharge, Although the bore be ni'er so large." "Before the flame from muzzle bust. Just as the breech it flashes first; So from my lord his passion broke, He farted first, and then he spoke."

from Swift (I think) and quoted by Johnson - please check!Osborne 08:35, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

Johnson vs. Lord Chesterfield
No mention of Johnson's humble application to Lord Chesterfield (for patronage, for the monumental effort to produce the dictionary), his rebuff, and his famous letter of rebuke to Chesterfield when the lord praised the dictionary in a review after it's completion and publication (without patronage and under considerable hardship)!? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.212.92.191 (talk) 14:32, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Fixed. Ottava Rima (talk) 00:07, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

Benjamin Martin
Benjamin Martin's Lingua Britannica Reformata (1749) —Preceding unsigned comment added by BethEllen (talk • contribs) 22:47, 24 April 2008 (UTC) The link to Benjamin Martin is to Benjamin F. Martin, born in 1877, —Preceding unsigned comment added by BethEllen (talk • contribs) 22:39, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

America/United States
Someone changed my "America" (I was following my ref) to "United States" in the Reception History section. I've just realised that at the time the United States of America didn't yet exist. Hmm.  almost - instinct 17:14, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Johnson had magical powers and could see the future. It's perfectly logical. :) Ottava Rima (talk) 18:07, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I think changing back to America is in order ... ?  almost - instinct 20:40, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Fixing the whole page is in order, but yes, that's a good start. :) Ottava Rima (talk) 00:20, 20 January 2009 (UTC)

Triva is trivia, how hard is that to understand?
I've moved this to here because ... well, words fail me really. --Malleus Fatuorum 00:45, 23 February 2009 (UTC)

In popular culture
The dictionary features prominently in the "Ink and Incapability" episode of British TV comedy show Blackadder the Third. Among other references, the episode contains a joke about the dictionary not including the word sausage. In fact, the word does appear in the 1755 first edition of Johnson's Dictionary. The mistaken notion that sausage is not in the dictionary is probably due to the fact that Johnson treated U and V as the same letter when ordering words alphabetically. Thus the entry for sausage follows that for savoy.

 * And its an outrageous breach of WP:OR ;-)  almost - instinct 10:00, 23 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Someone breached me? :) Ottava Rima (talk) 16:50, 23 February 2009 (UTC)

Removing the entire section was a little drastic (see WP:IPC). I've restored it with the speculative parts removed.--Adzz (talk) 19:43, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:50PENCE05.jpg
The image File:50PENCE05.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --09:15, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

Number of Definitions for "Take"
The article quotes Henry Hitching's book, which says that "take" has 134 definitions; the first edition of the dictionary, however, has 113 definitions (transcribed from the copies held at Harvard and the British Library - http://johnsonsdictionaryonline.com/?p=2040). The bit from Hitchings makes it seem as if he is referring to the first edition ("His definition of 'to put' runs to more than three pages in the first edition, and comprises over 5,500 words. The entry for 'to take' occupies five pages and amounts to 8,000 words, with Johnson discriminating 134 different senses of the verb."). Perhaps this should be updated, with a more accurate source and with 113 as the number of definitions? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.217.197.118 (talk) 21:13, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

The recent flurry of flags
As far as I can tell the original author of this article used the Hitchings book as one of the main sources. I have this book. Everything flagged is in there. Now, I'll go and look up all the damn page numbers if someone's going to subsquently sort out the rest of the page. Otherwise I'm not sure I can be bothered ;-)  almost - instinct 22:11, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
 * You have myself and my library of over 50 books dealing with Johnson if you find a section you need citations for. Ottava Rima (talk) 05:30, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Excellent, I can leave all the work to you! :-)  almost - instinct 08:21, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Ha! Just point and I'll find the info. Ottava Rima (talk) 16:22, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

Well, one thing .... when I did the "Reception history" section - all from a single source - I deliberately presented it all in big chunky quotations. If you could find some alternative voices on this topic that would be good. If you were similarly to cut and paste in quotes from other sources, I would quite contentedly put in the spadework blending the sources and massaging it all into some nice prose.  almost - instinct 16:43, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

The Text
Why in the section headed as "The Text", is Johnson's dictionary described as perscriptivist? Is is because Johnson didn't do as Noah Webster did in simplifying word spellings, and so forth? Samuel Johnson's dictionary was descriptivsit, actually. He was trying to describe English as it existed in the mid-eighteenth century. Johnson said in the Preface that a lexicographer's job is to "not form, but register the language." His dictionary only contains a few instances of ascribing appropriate use of language as Johnson personally decided. The editor, Jack Lynch, of an abridged version of the dictionary by Levenger Press titled "Samuel Johnson's Dictionary", is quoted as saying "But these episodes are the exception, not the rule, and he was usually adamant that usage should be determined by consensus, not by fiat." That quote begins the last paragraph, on page eight, of the "Plan and Preface" section of Jack Lynch's "Introduction to this Edition". - Signed a Frequent Wikipedia User without an Account (I've got enough passwords, logins, and emails to remember and keep track of already.)

Inflation source challenge
When translating Johnson's fee and also the Dictionary's cover price into today's cash equivalent, probably the more trustworthy source would be the Bank of England's Inflation Calculator rather than the vagaries of the Retail Price Index as in the current published article (where the results are dated 2018 and in fact refer to 2017 values, as in the source title). The BoE would convert Johnson's fee of £1,575 in 1746 to the larger and more impressive sum of £329,267 in 2017, and its 1755 retail cover price of £4 10s into £968. Boswell1740 (talk) 09:20, 20 July 2018 (UTC)


text:
User:Cexe11

i love rabbits

title: User:Cexe11


text:
User talk:Lozzer

do aeroplanes have turbulence when flying across the equator

title: User talk:Lozzer


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dualbash

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETE. Stormie 19:22, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

Dualbash
Looks like it is being used as a community/chat page. Unencyclopedic. This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete jk 19:57, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This and Dual Bash 2 are being used for stories and photos from a Delhi group's parties/roasts. Delete both; these appear to be candidates for speedy deletion.  Barno 20:56, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 21:09, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Jpo 00:52, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, article as it stands is un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 02:51, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedily Deleted as "CSD#3 -- indisputable bad faith addition." SWAdair | Talk  07:00, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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The Amber Room (novel)

The Amber Room is American author Steve Berry's debut novel. The book is set around the mystery behind the Amber Room's disappearance at the end of World War II (a treasure stolen by Nazis in 1941 from the Catherine Palace in Tsarskoe Selo, Russia, it subsequently disappeared in 1945, amidst the chaos at the end of the war).

It was published in 2003, and has since been followed up by The Romanov Prophecy, in 2004.

Plot summary
The story is about judge Rachel Cutler and her husband Paul, a divorced American couple caught up in a treasure hunt for the long-missing Amber Room. A couple of competitive professional treasure hunters complicate matters. In their search through Germany to uncover the secrets behind its disappearance, they escape near-death in the tunnels running through the Harz Mountains, find themselves hanging off the edge of a tall church steeple, and discover a surprise in a hidden chamber of a Bohemian castle in the Czech Republic.

Release details

 * 2003, USA, Ballantine, Westminster (ISBN 0-345-46003-0), 2003, hardback (First edition)

title: The Amber Room (novel)


text:
Stephen W. Dorsey

Stephen Wallace Dorsey (February 28, 1842 – March 20, 1916) was a Republican politician who represented Arkansas in the United States Senate from 1873 to 1879, during the Reconstruction era.

He was born in Benson in Rutland County, Vermont, and subsequently moved to Ohio and settled in Oberlin, where he attended public schools.

In 1861, he joined the 1st Ohio Light Artillery of the Union Army as a private during the American Civil War. By the end of the war, he became a colonel. After the war he returned to Ohio and settled in Sandusky where he was employed by the Sandusky Tool Company and subsequently became its president. Named president of the Arkansas Railway Company, he relocated to Helena, Arkansas.

He was elected as a Senator from Arkansas March 3, 1873. He was a chairman of the Committee on District of Columbia (Forty-fifth Congress).

Less than a year prior to the outbreak of the Brooks-Baxter War, a conflict over the governorship of Arkansas, Dorsey initially supported Governor Elisha Baxter. However, he, along with the majority of the state’s carpetbagger Republicans—often called “Mistrals”—later shifted allegiance to Brooks’s claim. During this tumultuous period, Congressman Jasper D. Ward from Illinois visited Arkansas to evaluate the situation on behalf of the Poland Committee. Ward was hosted by Dorsey, who played a pivotal role in ensuring that Ward’s report favored the reinstatement of Brooks as governor. Despite these efforts, the attempt proved ultimately unsuccessful. The Democratic Party gained complete control of the state assembly with the adoption of the new 1874 Arkansas Constitution and the election of Augustus Garland, leading to Dorsey not seeking reelection in 1879.

In 1880, when the Republicans nominated James A. Garfield for U.S. President and Chester A. Arthur for vice president, Dorsey became the secretary of the Republican National Committee. His reputation was tarnished, though, by the Star route scandal, in which Dorsey and his partners were accused of defrauding the government of $412,000. Dorsey was defended by noted criminal law attorney Robert G. Ingersoll. Though he was found not guilty, the cost of his defense and the damage to his reputation all but destroyed Dorsey's political and financial ambitions.

In 1876, he was made a member of the Republican National Committee. In 1878 he built the Dorsey Mansion in New Mexico.

After Dorsey, no other Republican served as a Senator from Arkansas until Tim Hutchinson in 1997, and no other Republican served in the state's Class 3 Senate seat until John Boozman in 2011.

He engaged in cattle raising and mining in New Mexico  and Colorado and subsequently moved to Los Angeles, California, where he resided until his death in 1916. He is interred at Fairmount Cemetery in Denver, Colorado.

The town of Clayton, New Mexico, is named for a son of Senator Dorsey.

title: Stephen W. Dorsey


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Jiří Grygar

Jiří Grygar (born March 17, 1936, in Heinersdorf, Germany, now Dziewiętlice, Poland) is a Czech astronomer, popularizer of science and Kalinga Prize (1996) laureate.

Career
After studying physics at the Masaryk University in Brno and astronomy at the Charles University in Prague he joined the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences, Department of Stellar Astronomy in Ondřejov. Twenty years later he moved to the Institute of Physics, Low Temperature Physics Department at Řež, where he remained for more than ten years. Shortly after the Velvet Revolution he joined the High Energy Physics Department at the same institution. From 1992 to 1998, Grygar chaired the Czech Astronomical Society. He also chaired the Czech Television Council and the Science and Philosophy section of the European Culture Club. He is member of editorial boards of the periodicals Říše hvězd, Vesmír, Universum and Omega.

Grygar holds a PhD in astrophysics. His papers focus on interplanetary matter (meteors, comets), limb darkening in stellar atmospheres, close binaries, novae, chemically peculiar stars and remote sensing.

Between 2004 and 2008, Grygar was the president of the Learned Society of the Czech Republic, an association of the leading scholars in the country.

Public appearances
Grygar is well known to the public in the Czech Republic and Slovakia due to his TV series about the Universe – Okna vesmíru dokořán ("Wide open windows of the Universe"; 1982–1990). As a member of the Český klub skeptiků Sisyfos scientific skeptic group, he is also a prominent critic of pseudoscience and other unproven theories. A practising Catholic, he is also a well-known writer on the topic of the relationship between religion and science.

Honors
On October 26, 1976, a main-belt asteroid 3336 was discovered by a Czech astronomer Luboš Kohoutek, who named it after Dr. Grygar.

In 2009, Dr. Grygar was awarded one of the most prestigious Czech scientific awards, Česká hlava.

In 2010, he was the inaugural recipient of the respectable Mensa Czech Republic Award.

Grygar is a recipient of a number of other awards.

title: Jiří Grygar


text:
Talk:Stephen W. Dorsey

Untitled
Text of the article was obtained from public domain site. Darwinek 19:08, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Common name
Regarding the move of this page, Stephen W. Dorsey (35%), Stephen Dorsey (35%), and S. W. Dorsey (27%) are the only iterations of Dorsey's name that constitute over 5% of references to him on newspapers.com. Star Garnet (talk) 05:50, 15 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stephen W. Dorsey


text:
Dorsey family

The Dorsey family of Maryland was a prominent family in the early History of Maryland.

It is unknown where Dorsey came from. Some have suggested County Cork, Ireland, but the best clue is perhaps the peculiar name of "Hockley in the Hole" for their settlement.

History
The Dorsey family descends from boat-wright Edward Dorsey and his three sons. His name is also given as D'arcy. By 1649 he moved to Maryland and settled on the Severn. He converted to Quakerism in 1658, and drowned off Kent Island in 1659.

40 of Dorsey's descendants fought in the Civil War for the Confederate States.

His descendant in the ninth generation, Augustus Dorsey of Somerset County, Pennsylvania, was a sergeant in the 18th PA Cavalry, fought at Gettysburg, and survived nearly a year's captivity at Andersonville Prisoner of War camp. Another Gus W. Dorsey was there when JEB Stuart was shot at the Battle of Yellow Tavern.

title: Dorsey family


text:
Talk:Central Mailer

Untitled
When I came to merge the page into the Amateur press association article I realised that there were at least two other meanings that should be disambiguated. --Theo (Talk) 19:10, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Central Mailer


text:
Stephen Dorsey

Stephen Dorsey may refer to:

 * Stephen Wallace Dorsey (1842–1916), United States Senator from Arkansas
 * Stephen Bernard Dorsey (born 1937), Canadian entrepreneur

title: Stephen Dorsey


text:
Burkhard Dallwitz

Burkhard von Dallwitz (born 28 January 1959) is a German Australian composer based in Melbourne, best known for his score for 1998 American film The Truman Show.

Since 1984, he has worked as a composer for feature films, television and commercials in Australia, Germany and the United States.

Early life and education
Dallwitz began ten years of classical piano training at the age of eight. By thirteen he was writing songs and music, and from fifteen, Dallwitz wrote, arranged and performed for various musical groups.

In 1979, Dallwitz moved to Australia where he studied music at Melbourne's La Trobe University. He majored with musical composition, and studied advanced composition under the tutelage of Keith Humble.

In 1996, he released his first CD recording of original instrumental works called Worlds Apart.

Underbelly theme and Olympics theme
Dallwitz worked on the Nine Network Australia television series Underbelly, and the UK.TV mini-series False Witness where he wrote the theme and the original musical score. He also composed the theme for the Seven Network's coverage of the Beijing 2008 Olympics (in addition to the 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006 compositions) and more recently the soundtrack for the 2011 movie The Way Back.

Awards and nominations
In 1999, Burkhard and Philip Glass were awarded the Golden Globe for Best Original Score in a Motion Picture for The Truman Show. The score also won The Chicago Film Critics' Award and the ASCAP Film and Television Award, and the soundtrack reached number two on the Billboard chart.

In 2001, he won the APRA award for Best Television Theme for the Sydney Olympics in 2000. The world renowned 385 voice Mormon Tabernacle Choir performed and recorded his 2002 theme for the Salt Lake Winter Olympics. In 2004, he won the APRA-AGSC (Australian Guild of Screen Composers) Screen Music Award 'Best Music for a Television Series' for CrashBurn. Burkhard has several soundtrack albums out in general release.

APRA-AGSC Awards
The annual Screen Music Awards are presented by Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) and Australian Guild of Screen Composers (AGSC) for television and film scores and soundtracks.

 * rowspan="2"| 2004 || "Episode 13" – CrashBurn || Best Music for a Television Series or Serial || Won
 * CrashBurn || Best Television Theme || Nominated
 * rowspan="3"| 2006 || rowspan="2"| The Caterpillar Wish || Feature Film Score of the Year || Nominated
 * Best Soundtrack Album || Nominated
 * Torino 2006 Winter Olympics || Best Television Theme || Nominated
 * rowspan="3"| 2008 || "Episode 5" – Underbelly || Best Music for a Television Series or Serial || Won
 * Underbelly || Best Television Theme || Won
 * "It’s a Jungle Out There" – Underbelly || Best Original Song Composed for the Screen || Nominated
 * rowspan="2"| 2009 || False Witness || Best Music for a Mini-Series or Telemovie || Nominated
 * "Episode 9 – Judas Kiss" – Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities || Best Music for a Television Series or Serial || Nominated
 * rowspan="3"| 2008 || "Episode 5" – Underbelly || Best Music for a Television Series or Serial || Won
 * Underbelly || Best Television Theme || Won
 * "It’s a Jungle Out There" – Underbelly || Best Original Song Composed for the Screen || Nominated
 * rowspan="2"| 2009 || False Witness || Best Music for a Mini-Series or Telemovie || Nominated
 * "Episode 9 – Judas Kiss" – Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities || Best Music for a Television Series or Serial || Nominated
 * "It’s a Jungle Out There" – Underbelly || Best Original Song Composed for the Screen || Nominated
 * rowspan="2"| 2009 || False Witness || Best Music for a Mini-Series or Telemovie || Nominated
 * "Episode 9 – Judas Kiss" – Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities || Best Music for a Television Series or Serial || Nominated
 * "Episode 9 – Judas Kiss" – Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities || Best Music for a Television Series or Serial || Nominated
 * "Episode 9 – Judas Kiss" – Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities || Best Music for a Television Series or Serial || Nominated

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. They commenced in 1987.

! Ref.
 * 2010
 * Underbelly
 * rowspan="3" | Best Original Soundtrack, Cast or Show Album
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2" |
 * 2019
 * LOCUSTS: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
 * Nominated
 * 2023
 * Splice Here: A Projected Odyssey (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) (with Brett Aplin)
 * }
 * 2023
 * Splice Here: A Projected Odyssey (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) (with Brett Aplin)
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

title: Burkhard Dallwitz


text:
Talk:Alphonso Jackson

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 29 June 2020 and 23 August 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Cmoyer1. Peer reviewers: Wyhli.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 13:56, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
added the update on the contractor issue. -Robotam 13:40, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Cabinet Career Section
The section on his cabinet career says nothing about it. It only gives information on a controversial issue... shouldn't it have some other title? P!3r(3 00:19, 31 January 2007 (UTC) P!3r(3

Page Blanking
Be aware of deletion of information on this page; some of the edits are originating from servers at HUD. -  Ro   Bo   Tam   ice 19:21, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Controversy and scandal
Please leave current events that may involve allegations at best for Wikinews until they come to fruition and become fact. Wikipedia should not be used to alleged instances, nor as a gossip column. Dryamaka (talk) 14:57, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Once again, removed a line regarding an event that has yet to even occur. Please leave allegation, future events, and any other heresay for Wikinews. Dryamaka (talk) 13:52, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Added line regarding an event that has occurred, namely, his announced resignation. Not hearsay, not allegation. Reported fact according to WSJ, and cited as such, even if it occurs at a future date. 216.201.119.71 (talk) 18:11, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Changed entry regarding Jackson's voluntary resignation to sound more fact-based. Dryamaka (talk) 01:22, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

Bias?
I was referred here by the "political scandals" page because I wanted to read more about what this man supposedly did that ended with his resignation, but found this page to be entirely unhelpful. This page actually comes off as rather biased, with some odd focus on Jackson's accomplishments that are worded with praise, while the scandal that led to his resignation is sort of just hand-waved in about two sentences and are described as "false", which doesn't sound neutral at all.

I'm not really up to fixing the article myself and I doubt anyone will ever get to it soon...but this article is very slanted.

173.32.162.170 (talk) 06:18, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

I noticed this too, and I did my best to restore some of the sanitized information. (One user repeatedly altered the article in Jackson's favor.) As for the complimentary tone of the rest of the piece, I agree that it's over the top.

75.162.4.49 (talk) 10:31, 15 September 2012 (UTC)

Untitled
added the update on the contractor issue. -Robotam 13:40, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Cabinet Career Section
The section on his cabinet career says nothing about it. It only gives information on a controversial issue... shouldn't it have some other title? P!3r(3 00:19, 31 January 2007 (UTC) P!3r(3

Page Blanking
Be aware of deletion of information on this page; some of the edits are originating from servers at HUD. -  Ro   Bo   Tam   ice 19:21, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Controversy and scandal
Please leave current events that may involve allegations at best for Wikinews until they come to fruition and become fact. Wikipedia should not be used to alleged instances, nor as a gossip column. Dryamaka (talk) 14:57, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Once again, removed a line regarding an event that has yet to even occur. Please leave allegation, future events, and any other heresay for Wikinews. Dryamaka (talk) 13:52, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Added line regarding an event that has occurred, namely, his announced resignation. Not hearsay, not allegation. Reported fact according to WSJ, and cited as such, even if it occurs at a future date. 216.201.119.71 (talk) 18:11, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Changed entry regarding Jackson's voluntary resignation to sound more fact-based. Dryamaka (talk) 01:22, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

Bias?
I was referred here by the "political scandals" page because I wanted to read more about what this man supposedly did that ended with his resignation, but found this page to be entirely unhelpful. This page actually comes off as rather biased, with some odd focus on Jackson's accomplishments that are worded with praise, while the scandal that led to his resignation is sort of just hand-waved in about two sentences and are described as "false", which doesn't sound neutral at all.

I'm not really up to fixing the article myself and I doubt anyone will ever get to it soon...but this article is very slanted.

173.32.162.170 (talk) 06:18, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

I noticed this too, and I did my best to restore some of the sanitized information. (One user repeatedly altered the article in Jackson's favor.) As for the complimentary tone of the rest of the piece, I agree that it's over the top.

75.162.4.49 (talk) 10:31, 15 September 2012 (UTC)

Disagreements with editor on edits and compromise

 * Let's all take a deep breath here. I said you should be ashamed; you hinted to others that my motives were racist--water under the bridge. And you're just as anonymous as I am on here. I have no personal opinion of Jackson; my only interest is in preventing misuse of Wikipedia. Just one of us has a vested interest connected to Jackson, and that's Ttellouc. On a separate note, could you please separate your comments into paragraphs for ease of reading?

 * A quick look at the page history shows that Ttellouc has, in fact, repeatedly deleted entire sections relating to Jackson's controversies. It also shows insertion of language aimed at downplaying criticisms. And it shows, contrary to Ttellouc's claim, I never deleted any links showing Alford's opinion piece. Your link, which I left in, was and is dead.

 * "Non-partisan" means not formally associated with a party. It is not the same a non-ideological. "Conservative" refers to ideology, not party affiliation. Human Events apparently does consider the NBCC to be conservative. Do you have any link to the NBCC promoting a liberal forum like they did a conservative one? Also, a HUD contract is a government program, plain and simple.

 * Here are my thoughts on your proposed edits.

 * 1) I'm all for reliably sourced stats on minority participation, but broad statistics don't address the specific case mentioned in the controversies section. This is the whole reason I created the section on minority contracting that you rather unfairly used to play race victim. I do think we could rename it to something more positive-sounding like "Expanding minority participation," but the stats don't comment on the specific instance mentioned.

 * 2) I would also support inclusion of Alford's comment if you can provide a working link so we can make sure it's being used accurately. As with the statistics, though, Alford's general praise of involving more minorities would not have bearing on particular instances of alleged misconduct. This, again, is why I favor a separate section. People reading will first see information related to his efforts at including more non-whites, then in the controversies section they will see the lawyer's statement in Jackson's defense. The two things would still be visible, but there wouldn't be the implication that general content on minorities addresses particular controversies.

 * 3) A conservative magazine considers the NBCC to be conservative, so I don't find that label inappropriate. We could link to the Human Events article directly after the word "conservative."

 * 4) For the sake of neutrality, the separate section needs to stay. Neither Alford's comments (which we can't see) nor statistics serve as refutation of specific scandals. Even if it could be conclusively proven that Jackson's goal was to promote minority involvement, that says nothing about whether he improperly gave or rescinded contracts to certain people. General information about minorities in contracting really should be in its own section. This way people will still see it without giving the impression that it is speaking to individual cases of controversy.

 * Finally, I also discovered some very old deleted information involving allegations of contracting impropriety with two of Jackson's friends, William Hairston and Michael Hollis. I do plan on including this information with links to news articles, so I want to give you notice to allow you the opportunity to respond. 75.162.6.6 (talk) 18:14, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

I just realized that I should respond to you here too. I don't have a problem with you adding this information, it was there before. I just want to be able to include any contrasting citations.

 * How about we keep our dialog on this page only so we're not flying between different places?

 * As a show of good faith, I'd be willing to omit the conservative label to the NBCC (even though I think we both know where they generally, if not always, stand).

 * With regard to the Alford link, I see a few problems. First, the link is not to a news publication but the NBCC's website. It may very well have been published in an independent outlet, but I'd want to see proof of that. Second, it reads like a PR piece. Here's a quote: "Man! It was like he was sent directly from the heavens." Here's another: "It was like going to see Solomon." Here's a third: "There should be statues built of him in urban cities throughout the United States." This is laughable. I honestly want to have information about his role in promoting minority participation, but these two facts would usually count against using a source at all. If you can cite a more reliable place where Alford's piece was published, that would help a lot.

 * Most importantly, the Alford piece provides no comment on specific scandals. The closest it comes is when it talks about a vague conspiracy by the "white male faction" and the "formal white press." That doesn't count as evidence relating to a particular controversy. He does state that on one occasion when he observed Jackson he saw no political discussion, but this anecdote doesn't pass muster as defense against the individual allegations made.

 * I would absolutely be in favor including the statistics that Alford mentions, since I think they make a good connection to Jackson's lawyer's statement about striving to incorporate traditionally neglected groups, but we could use some independent confirmation of those figures. If we do include Alford's comments, though, which I'm not necessarily against, they really don't belong in the controversies section.

 * I also saw a video where Mr. Jackson talked about marching at Selma, Alabama in 1965 and getting bitten by a dog in the course of the protest. I know it's just a piece of trivia, but I thought it was a pretty cool that he did that. Should we find a way of including that remark? 75.162.6.6 (talk) 21:34, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

Hey again. Let me first say that this Jackson fellow has a neat history. I can understand your interest in him. Anyway, on to business. Although I think mortgage amounts reported by reliable sources are fair game, for the sake of cooperation I will remove them. I will also take out the label "conservative" from the NBCC.

But I think I also need to remove the information from the Countrywide article you added. BLP is quite clear in prohibiting self-published sources for info on living persons, and the website in the citation is the author's own. That said, the article seems to come from a legit journalist, and if you can find it published in a reliable source elsewhere, we could definitely use it (I would just like to change the language so it's not word-for-word).

So I'll do these three things right now. Here's what I'm thinking for the endgame.

1) Add a few sources to the opening paragraph after the sentence about his resignation (no content change).

2) Change the name of the "minorities" section. Plus, good news for you, I found a New York Times article that confirms Jackson increased the percentage of contracts going to minorities. That certainly should be added.

3) With regard to the contracting controversies section, what I'm thinking is that in the first sentence I'll mention that Jackson faced several allegations of malfeasance. Immediately after that, I'll note that none of the multiple investigations conducted resulted in any charges being brought. This way it makes a clear distinction between accusations and substantiated wrongdoing. And, really, this fact is the most effective counter-argument to claims of wrongdoing.

I do, however, need to add three contracting controversies to that section: one involving Hollis, one involving Hairston, and one involving Carl Greene of the Philadelphia Housing Authority. I will mention each of these briefly and be sure to include Jackson's or HUD's response. Please feel free to find more information related to these cases. Now, understand, I have a good friend who works with city and federal development grants, so I've heard plenty of stories about what a dirty game it can be--threats, accusations, lawsuits, etc. Therefore I will make an effort not to come off as promoting or endorsing critics. 75.162.6.6 (talk) 00:36, 2 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I am uncomfortable with you not using word for word. I still reserve the right to add information to Jackson's BLP. I have not deleted any of your additions and you should do the same, as long as I have citations.

You would be using the term malfeasance which is not recorded in any publications, so let's stick to the newspaper accounts. No personal interpretations, especially since there were no substantiated wrongdoings or legal charges.

As far as the first paragraph is concerned, you can't have a better source than the Washington Post, so lets leave it be, since you edited it already anyway.

I had already sourced the minority contracting information, you deleted it on 29 September 2012 at 05:55.

Good on Hollis, Hairston and Greene additions, no problem. I do have additional citations for these cases.

I will search for an additional source(s) with the Countrywide issue.

Good to know that you have a friend in contracting. TtelliucTtellouc (talk) 00:39, 2 October 2012 (UTC)

I only meant that it's proper WP form to restate information from sources into other phrasing to avoid copyright issues. Please don't take removal of that passage as a shady move. I'm fine with including it if published in an independent source. But since BLP says "never" use self-published sources, it shouldn't have been added.

The link you gave for the minority numbers was Alford's piece, which is not a reliable source for statistics. The New York Times article I found is.

Additionally, I didn't intend to require that the word "malfeasance" has to be used. However, the editorial staff of the Washington Post did indeed use the term referring to Jackson's alleged actions. Even if they didn't, the word simply means improper conduct so it would not be out of line.

I'm trying hard to be fair and generous. I already deleted two things you requested that are probably acceptable, and I've kept Alford's piece in despite not having it in a RS. So please don't think I have any ulterior motives. I only want to see that Wikipedia is fair and neutral. 75.162.6.6 (talk) 01:46, 2 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I do not think you have ulterior motives, wouldn't be dialoguing with you, if I did. Not to be picky, but the stat citations or the minority stats was ref>Stephen Ohlemacher["HUD says secretary's political contracting tale untrue: He claimed", Chicago Sun-Times, May 10, 2006 I think it was one of your citations.

There aren't copywriter issues with newspaper articles. So, I understand your deletion of the financial writer, David Fiderer on the Countrywide Scandal Worst Than Whitewater article. You removed it pretty quickly, although I mentioned I was looking for the article in another citation outside his web blog.

Malfeasance- I still prefer to stick with newspaper articles and not opinion, editorials are considered opinions. Jackson allegations were cronyism and favoritism. Malfeasance is too strong.

Funny, I want to be fair and generous too. The policy on the loan amounts(personal finanial information with location on a living BLP came straight from Wkipedia policy. Okay, I am going to delete Alford's comments and with it, the minorities and government programs. But, include the stats from your Chicago Sun Times citation as they were prior to the deletion, right after the lawyer comments. I will still look for Alford's article in a better source to use his quote.

TtelloucTtellouc (talk) 02:21, 2 October 2012 (UTC) TtelloucTtellouc (talk) 02:23, 2 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Now that I think about it, I should apologize for deleting your edit without first asking you. Regardless of BLP rules, you deserved the chance to take care of it yourself. Sorry.

 * There actually are very real copyright concerns with outside works, since they are the property of whoever published them and not public domain. We can't republish content in a way that appears to be our own words but isn't. Wikipedians take this pretty seriously.

 * You did misread the BLP page. It doesn't say home values shouldn't be used, it just says that they shouldn't be sourced through public records. The mortgage numbers were from news outlets (secondary sources), which is acceptable. Home values, income, etc. are included in plenty of other people's pages. The figures I agreed to remove were appropriate to include.

 * Let me address the Sun-Times link. First, I didn't add it. A previous editor included it, and I just put back in what you deleted. Second, the link is broken, so we can't verify its content. This means we can't cite it for statistics.

 * When we do include properly sourced statistics, it just seems biased to put them in the controversies section. The fact (and it is a confirmed fact, we agree) that Jackson increased opportunities for minorities doesn't address the accusations at hand. His lawyer's statement is fine because it's clear to the reader that the connection between the two things is being made by him. But if we put statistics directly after that, it would look like the article endorses the view that Jackson's accomplishments disprove or discredit the allegations, when the stats don't affect whether there was any misconduct.

 * Again, I never said we need to use a particular word. It's just that malfeasance is a general description for "wrongdoing or misconduct especially by a public official," according to Merriam-Webster. That's why I used it. I'm totally open to using other terms. Goodnight. 75.162.6.6 (talk) 04:25, 2 October 2012 (UTC)

 * 75.162.4.49, this is not you with the Stephen Ohlemacher citation? After Jackson's comment, Sen. Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ) called for Jackson to resign. Jackson claimed he made up the story, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development stated that Jackson's statement was not literally true but instead "anecdotal," and meant only to "explain to this group how politics works in D.C."

 * Then the delete when I used it for the stats? Not you?

 * on the stats, why should we be concerned on the stats proving or disproving the accusations or allegations. The US Justice Department declined and closed the case. The Justice Departments actions in closing the case after a thorough investigation disproves the accusations and allegations of wrongdoing because the Justice Department Public Integrity Section did not bring charges. It is as though you want to step out of our legal system which determines guilt or innocence to influence an outcome that has been decided by US Justice. The allegations were the case, so they were discredited. I will add the stats right after the lawyer's statements. It just addresses the lawyers statements. This seems like you as adversary( pump up the negative) and me trying to add balance, plus find articles that are dead because the incidents happened years ago. Just as there are negative articles on the accusations, there are also articles that might be perceived as positive. Wiki does allow for balance. But I know, your interest is the integrity of Wikipedia and not a tabloid.

 * We can't republish content in a way that appears to be our own words but isn't. Wikipedians take this pretty seriously. That is exactly why I prefer to quote the writer with citations. Remember word for word. Keeps our bias conscious or not, out of it.

I've looked at other BLPs who faced controversies, I'm considering their format, such as Achievements and Controversies Heading TtelloucTtellouc (talk) 11:41, 2 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Since you said sorry about the Fiderer delete, but I needed to find another citation for it to stick, I found one and added it. TtelloucTtellouc (talk) 13:54, 2 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I reviewed the early history on Jackson, items I had deleted on his Wiki with the passing of time. I placed the Philly Housing Authority/Carl Greene allegations,(for complete disclosure-also included a more recent major newspaper article with more information on the issue) and Hairston. For Hairston, I used the original citation. I did not get around to another one you mentioned, the recently deceased Michael Hollis. You'll have to do that one. I am busy, but might get to it a bit later. ttelloucTtellouc (talk) 19:29, 2 October 2012 (UTC)

Again, another editor put in the Sun-Times link and didn't originally use it for stats, but since it's dead I will get a different source where Jackson or HUD said the story was fabricated.

There are some serious problems with your most recent additions. First, in the PHA secion you copied entire paragraphs from a news source and put them on this page. You can't do that. I mean it when I say the content needs to be restated in other words. That PHA section is also excessively convoluted in the way it's written. A much larger problem is the link to the court ruling, which is not visible when you click the link. We're fine with mentioning that a judge ruled HUD didn't treat the PHA differently, but if the link doesn't show the actual ruling, that part needs to be removed.

You probably didn't check, but the Fiderer link still does not show the piece on an independent site. It just directs to the homepage, so that paragraph needs to be removed until a reliable posting is found.

With respect, you also said something that is dead wrong. The DOJ not pressing charges does not disprove allegations. All it means is that they didn't press charges. I know it sucks that any clown can make accusations that get picked up by the press, but we have to report on what happened without stating conclusions that were not the case. If someone calls me a rapist (which I'm not), the police not charging me is, unfortunately, not proof of innocence.

I politely ask that you let me make several changes for you to review. If you think they're not fair, we'll fix them together. 1) I have to rewrite the PHA section. This is not personal. It simply needs to be phrased originally, made shorter and clearer, and the specific reference to the court ruling needs to be removed since it can't be seen at the link. 2) The Fiderer paragraph should be taken out until sourced independently. 3) I wish to add information on the Hollis and Hairston deals to the controversies section.

You have my word that none of this is trying to "pump up the negative." 75.162.6.6 (talk) 00:27, 3 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I write as someone who wants to prevent agendas on Wikipedia. You have demonstrated your willingness to manipulate Wikipedia for personal reasons, and I'm only trying to provide a check on that. DOJ not bringing a case does not prove innocence or disprove allegations. Period. This is not a complicated matter or my personal interpretation. We can't imply conclusions for the reader.

 * I have additions for the controversies section I'll be adding shortly. 75.162.6.6 (talk) 03:20, 3 October 2012 (UTC)

 * "IG "report, link is dead . I think I mentioned DOJ declined the case.....ttelloucTtellouc (talk) 04:23, 3 October 2012 (UTC)

Link to Washington Post story on IG report is working. The word "decline" does not possess magical properties that prove innocence. It would be unfair to suggest that no charges equals false accusations. For what it's worth, I don't buy into any of these complaints against Jackson. His confirmed history shows nothing but a well-intentioned person. But we simply can't reach a conclusion that isn't directly stated. 75.162.6.6 (talk) 05:12, 3 October 2012 (UTC)

Hope you're okay, I looked at other BLPs format and want to duplicate for consistency. No deletions. I did move the local housing authority controversies to one general category, but kept the headings. I do have additional information with citations for early career and HUD achievements.ttelloucTtellouc (talk) 15:55, 3 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Is this whole thing wearing you out as much as it is me? I'll be honest, I just want it to be done with. I could whine about the format change, but I would like to be in agreement about the article as quickly as possible (me and the family want to watch Romney tonight).

 * Let me compliment your rewriting of the PHA section. It's much more clear. Could you just put the last three sentences in the same paragraph? The stand-alone sentence looks kind of weird.

 * My only remaining gripe is that we need an independent source of the Fiderer piece to include it. I've agreed it was written by a reliable source, and it's fine to include as long as it's on a reliable third-party site. Take care. 75.162.6.6 (talk) 23:11, 3 October 2012 (UTC)

Multiple Comments

 * 1) I'm making changes to bring the article into compliance with Wikipedia's Manual of Style and guidelines for biographies, specifically:
 * 2) Include his full name, Alphonso Roy Jackson, in the first sentence.
 * 3) Put his date of birth after his full name.
 * 4) Adding a bit about his participation in the civil rights movement.  The article is a biography about a notable person.  Let's make the article as complete as possible based on reliable sources.  There is more to the man man than just his public service as Secretary of HUD.
 * 5) Congrat's and thanks to Ttellouc and 75.162.x.x for agreeing to compromise and to work together to improve the article.   75.162.x.x, I hope you will register for a regular Wikipedia account.  Until then, this will have to reside here:

You can copy that to your userpage when/if you sign up for an account. DocTree (ʞlɐʇ · cont) Join WER 15:12, 1 October 2012 (UTC)

Multiple Comments

 * 1) I'm making changes to bring the article into compliance with Wikipedia's Manual of Style and guidelines for biographies, specifically:
 * 2) Include his full name, Alphonso Roy Jackson, in the first sentence.
 * 3) Put his date of birth after his full name.
 * 4) Adding a bit about his participation in the civil rights movement.  The article is a biography about a notable person.  Let's make the article as complete as possible based on reliable sources.  There is more to the man man than just his public service as Secretary of HUD.
 * 5) Congrat's and thanks to Ttellouc and 75.162.x.x for agreeing to compromise and to work together to improve the article.   75.162.x.x, I hope you will register for a regular Wikipedia account.  Until then, this will have to reside here:

You can copy that to your userpage when/if you sign up for an account. DocTree (ʞlɐʇ · cont) Join WER 15:12, 1 October 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 4 external links on Alphonso Jackson. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110613120109/http://www.hud.gov/news/speeches/2007-11-07.cfm to http://www.hud.gov/news/speeches/2007-11-07.cfm
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130119230451/http://blogs.courant.com/capitol_watch/2009/07/more-fallout-from-ap-story-on.html to http://blogs.courant.com/capitol_watch/2009/07/more-fallout-from-ap-story-on.html
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20120319004250/http://www.clintonfoundation.org/news/news-media/120707-nr-cf-cci-pr-wjc-and-mayor-bloomberg-announce-partnership-to-green-buildings-across-new-york-city to http://www.clintonfoundation.org/news/news-media/120707-nr-cf-cci-pr-wjc-and-mayor-bloomberg-announce-partnership-to-green-buildings-across-new-york-city
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140306113021/http://summit.operationhope.org/about/secretary-alphonso-jackson/ to http://summit.operationhope.org/about/secretary-alphonso-jackson/

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title: Talk:Alphonso Jackson


text:
Constant Prévost

Louis-Constant Prévost (4 June 1787 – 14 August 1856) was a French geologist.

Early life and education
Prévost was born in Paris to Louis Prévost, a tax farmer, receiver of the rentes of Paris. He was educated there at the Central Schools, where, inspired by the lectures of Georges Cuvier, his particular mentor Alexandre Brongniart, and André Marie Constant Duméril, he determined to devote himself to natural science. He took his degree in Letters and Sciences in 1811, and for a time pursued the study of medicine and anatomy.

Career
Mainly through the influence of Brongniart he turned his attention to geology. During the years 1816 to 1819 he took advantage of the necessity of accompanying his associate Philippe de Girard, who was seeking out a site for establishing a textile mill near Vienna, by making a special study of the Viennese Basin. In doing so, he pointed out for the first time the presence of Tertiary strata like those of the Paris Basin, but which included a series of later date. His next work (1821) was an essay on the geology of parts of Normandy, with special reference to the "Secondary"—or Mesozoic— strata, which he compared with those of southern England; in this he had the collaboration of Charles Lyell.

From 1821-1829 he was professor of geology at the Athenaeum at Paris, and he took a leading part with Ami Boue, Gérard Paul Deshayes and Jules Desnoyers in the founding of the Société géologique de France (1830). In 1831 he became assistant professor and afterwards honorary professor of geology to the faculty of sciences of the Sorbonne. He was on hand with an artist to witness the undersea volcano that produced Ferdinandea (now Graham Bank) off the south coast of Sicily that July; he named it Île Julia, for its July appearance, and reported in the Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France In 1848 he was elected to his late mentor Brogniart's seat in the Académie des sciences

Having studied the volcanoes of Italy and Auvergne, he opposed the views of Christian Leopold von Buch regarding craters of elevation, maintaining that the cones were due to the material successively erupted. Like Lyell he advocated a study of the slow and incessant forces in action at present, in order to illustrate the past, the principle in geology called uniformitarianism, discounting catastrophic events. One of his more important memoirs was De la Chronologie des terrains et du synchronisme des formations (1845), in which he expounded the principle of the synchronicity of successive stages of igneous and sedimentary deposition across wide terrains. His most general titles were Documents pour l'histoire des terrains tertiaires (Paris, 1827) and his Traité de géographie physique co-authored with E. Bassano (Paris, 1836).

title: Constant Prévost


text:
USCGC Acushnet (WMEC-167)

USCGC Acushnet (WMEC-167) was a cutter of the United States Coast Guard, homeported in Ketchikan, Alaska. She was originally USS Shackle (ARS-9), a Diver-class rescue and salvage ship rescue and salvage ship commissioned by the United States Navy for service in World War II. She was responsible for coming to the aid of stricken vessels and received three battle stars during World War II, before a long career with the Coast Guard. Acushnet patrolled the waters of the North Pacific and was one of the last World War II era ships on active duty in the US fleet upon her retirement in 2011.

United States Navy service - 1944 to 1946
USS Shackle was laid down on 26 October 1942 by the Basalt Rock Company in Napa, California. Launched on 1 April 1943, she was sponsored by Mrs. Walker Cochran. She was commissioned on 5 February 1944, with Lieutenant Charles G. Jenkins Jr. in command. At the time of her building, the country was at war and in need of more naval vessels. As a result of the necessity, three ships, identified only as "naval auxiliaries" underwent construction. The project took less than a year to complete three fleet rescue and salvage vessels which served in the Pacific Theater. All three vessels later became Coast Guard cutters.

Shackle's first station was at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, where she served as a salvage ship in the West Pacific throughout the remainder of World War II. Shackle's first year was spent completing extensive salvage assignments clearing wreckage in the channels at Pearl Harbor and Midway Island. The vessel spent the rest of the year in Guam, Eniwetok, Tinian and Saipan.

On February 15, 1945, Shackle sailed for the invasion of Iwo Jima where she successfully completed over 44 diving and salvage assignments. One of these was the battle repair of USS Terry (DD-513) which was hit by a Japanese shore battery. During March 1945, Shackle served as a supporting unit for the Okinawa invasion. Between D-Day (April 1, 1945) and September 20, 1945, the ship completed 55 salvage and rescue operations on larger naval craft damaged by kamikaze attacks. There were 108 general alarms during the period.

Shackle was assigned to mine sweeping operations in the East China Sea where over 200 enemy mines of all types were sunk or destroyed. Shackle cleared the vital docking area of the wreckage of a sunken Japanese cable laying ship at Yokosuka Naval Base, Tokyo Bay, Japan. During all of these operations the Shackle suffered no damage or casualties. As part of her service in the Pacific Theater, Shackle received three World War II battle stars, the WWII Victory Medal, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, the American Campaign Medal, and the Navy Occupation Service Medal.

On August 23, 1946 USS Shackle was commissioned into the United States Coast Guard as USCGC Acushnet (WAT-167), a search and rescue vessel and was homeported in Portland, Maine.

Transfer to the United States Coast Guard - 1946
Decommissioned by the United States Navy at the end of World War II, along with her sister ships USS Seize (ARS-26) and USS Escape (ARS-6), she was quickly transferred to the United States Coast Guard. She remained at San Diego, California, until ordered to San Francisco, California, where, on 29 June, she was decommissioned and transferred to the Coast Guard. First homeported in Portland, Maine, as a Coast Guard tug, and renamed USCGC Acushnet (WAT-167), she earned a sound reputation as a dependable friend to fishermen and boaters in distress.

North East and International Ice Patrol Service - 1946 to 1968
While in Portland, Maine Acushnet became a friend to the maritime community with her search-and-rescue endeavors. While in Maine, Acushnet served as a search and rescue vessel, and as part of the International Ice Patrol. Acushnet and her role in the International Ice Patrol was featured in the April 22nd 1957 edition of Life magazine. In September 1947, Acushnet fought a fire in Bar Harbor, Maine. On 4 October 1950, the cutter worked with USCGC Cowslip and USCGC Snohomish to free MV Berwindvale which had run aground in the Kennebec River.

On 18 February 1952, Acushnet participated in what is listed as one of the ten most significant Coast Guard rescues. The tanker SS Fort Mercer split in two in a fierce storm off Cape Cod, and Acushnet took 18 men off the stern of Fort Mercer in heavy seas. The ships collided twice and the merchant seamen jumped to the safety of Acushnet's fantail.

In the year 1950, Acushnet became active in the International Ice Patrol and spent a total of seven patrol months sharing that responsibility with the cutters Androscoggin and Evergreen. Acushnet's salvage gear was removed in late 1959 and replaced with search-and-rescue gear. From 1960 to 1968 Acushnet completed four towing missions for over 950 mi, assisted a vessel that broke in two, escorted four disabled vessels and assisted in two medevacs.

A few of Acushnet's more noteworthy cases during that time frame include the following: in 1960, she salvaged the 300-ton USCGC General Greene which had been driven one hundred yards ashore in high winds. One of her more dramatic cases in Portland included the rescue of the entire crew of ten people from the disabled seagoing dredge Cartagena, which was adrift in 30 ft seas and 75 kn winds, 200 nmi off of Cape Cod on Christmas Day, 1961. In May 1963, Acushnet salvaged a crashed Coast Guard helicopter 600 yd off Duxbury Beach, Massachusetts.

The fall of 1967 took Acushnet south, where the cutter rescued a Cuban refugee from a distressed 17 ft pleasure craft 50 nmi south of Key West, Florida.

Redesignated as an oceanographic ship - 1968 to 1971
Redesignated an oceanographic ship, WAGO-167, on July 8, 1968, and assigned to oceanographic, meteorological, and polar operations, she commenced duties as a research support ship. During fiscal year 1970, she underwent conversion during which alterations were made to her hull and scientific equipment, and research and storage spaces were added at a shipyard in San Diego, California.

As part of the National Data Buoy Project of NOAA Acushnet spent three years attached to the Office of Naval Research and the Scripps Oceanographic Institute in San Diego, California. Her primary mission on eleven extended deployments to June 1971, the cutter aided in positioning buoys. While serving as a WAGO, Acushnet assisted in one rescue, a medevac in 1970.

Caribbean service – 1971 to 1990
In July 1971, Acushnet transferred to the Gulf Coast; and, based at Gulfport, Mississippi, she continued her oceanographic work with the National Data Buoy Center, this time aiding the Mississippi Test Facility. On August 24, 1971 Acushnet, affectionately known to the crew as "NOAA's Ark", arrived in Gulfport with 64 crew and a 100-ton buoy that was towed from San Diego as her first new support assignment.

Once established in Gulfport, Acushnet continued to play a diverse and important role in the search-and-rescue mission. In the fall of 1973 the cutter played a major role in the Key Largo fire south of New Orleans opposite the town of Phoenix. Acushnet was again called to respond after a collision on the Mississippi River. Acushnet and the cutter Dependable were presented the Coast Guard Unit Commendation for extinguishing a fire on the tanker Key Trader after she collided with another vessel, the Norwegian ore ship Baune, and burst into flames in the river.

Between the years 1975 and 1978, Acushnet conducted search-and-rescue research of the Gulf of Mexico shelf area, conducted the first marriage on board a Coast Guard vessel since the mid-19th century, and made her first drug seizure of 18 tons of marijuana and 21 smugglers.

In late 1978, the cutter embarked on a patrol to participate in the Global Weather Experiment, 140-nation effort to gather worldwide weather information. In 82 days, Acushnet covered over 18,000 mi from Peru to New Zealand. For this operation Acushnet received the Meritorious Unit Commendation. Additionally in 1978, Acushnet was designated a Medium Endurance Cutter (WMEC 167) and was formally assigned law enforcement and search-and-rescue missions.

In August–September 1979, Mobile, Alabama, was hit by Hurricane Frederic while Acushnet was there in drydock, although no damage occurred to the cutter. Her first patrol out of drydock was immediately canceled and Acushnet was sent to pick up survivors of a collision between an oil tanker and a merchant vessel.

From May 17 to June 6, 1980, Acushnet participated in the largest immigration crisis in the history of the Coast Guard, the Mariel Boat Lift from Cuba. The cutter escorted the vessel Red Diamond with 800 refugees into Key West. In addition, she assisted 35 boats, aided 120 refugees directly, and fueled two 41-foot Coast Guard boats. For her efforts, the cutter received the Humanitarian Service Award. During her time in Gulfport, Acushnet interdicted nearly 200 Cuban and Haitian refugees, retrieving some of them from shark-infested waters.

Drug interdiction during the rest of the '80s 'proved to be successful. In 1980, Acushnet seized 52 tons of marijuana. Between September and November of the same year, Acushnet confiscated marijuana on 7 vessels totaling a seizure of over 76 tons. Between 1987 and 1989 Acushnet had yet two more seizures of marijuana and hashish oil valued at over 1.5 million: MV Blind Melon and sloop Stormy Weather.

West Coast service - 1990 to 1998
Acushnet moved to Eureka, California in July 1990. During a September patrol, a lookout spotted floating objects in the water. These "objects" were the three crew members of the fishing boat Miss Patty, which had capsized before she could radio for help. During Operation Sandtrap in July 1991, Acushnet intercepted the sailing vessel Malekula carrying twelve tons of hashish from Indochina. The cutter pulled 32 bales from the burning and sinking Malekula, despite efforts by smugglers to scuttle the sailboat.

In October 1991, Acushnet made her first trip to the waters of Alaska. The cutter was diverted for two weeks to coordinate anti-pollution efforts when the 518-foot Hyundai No. 12 ran hard aground near the Shumagin Islands. She also responded to a mayday call made by the fishing vessel Tonquin in the Gulf of Alaska, rescuing one man out of a five-man crew from stormy and frigid waters during a five-day search. The cutter coordinated a search involving several fishing boats and a tanker in the area. As a result, three additional crew members were rescued.

Alaska/Bering Sea Patrol service - 1999 to 2011
As the majority of Acushnet's patrols became Alaska Patrols, in 1998 she moved to Ketchikan, Alaska, where she was employed in law enforcement, fisheries, and search and rescue missions in Alaska. This considerably shortened her transit time to the Bering Sea.

On 23 February 2007 Acushnet was designated as the "oldest commissioned cutter" in the fleet following the decommissioning of USCGC Storis. She carries gold hull numbers to show this distinction, and the formal title of "Queen Of The Fleet". She was scheduled for decommissioning in late 2008. In March 2008 letters to the editor appeared in the Boston Herald and Maine Sunday Telegram calling for Boston and Portland to consider the Acushnet as a possible museum ship. The 2008 decommissioning was canceled and Acushnet continued to conduct patrols in Alaska.

In October 2008, Acushnet was involved in search and rescue efforts after the cod fishing vessel Katmai sank in the Aleutians. During the operation, she was featured on the 5th season of the reality TV show Deadliest Catch, although footage shown was of USCGC Alex Haley.

Decommissioning
On 11 March 2011, Acushnet was decommissioned and retired from active duty after more than 67 years of service. USCGC Smilax (WLIC-315) succeeded Acushnet as the Coast Guard's oldest commissioned cutter. The Coast Guard's 2010 budget scheduled Acushnet's duties to be taken over by a new Fast Response Cutter in 2014. The replacement cutter, USCGC John McCormick, arrived in Ketchikan in 2017.

In March 2011 Acushnet was auctioned as surplus property by the GSA.

In 2022, Acushnet was acquired by Blue Water Overwatch, LLC, to serve as the flagship of their training program. Acushnet is currently undergoing restoration in Anacortes, WA and is scheduled for additional maintenance in drydock in 2023.

Awards and honors
Acushnet has been rewarded for outstanding service on many occasions. Her decorations include:

 * Presidential Unit Citation
 * Secretary of Transportation Outstanding Unit Award
 * 2 Coast Guard Unit Commendations
 * 6 Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendations
 * Coast Guard E Ribbon
 * Coast Guard Bicentennial Unit Commendation
 * American Campaign Medal
 * Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with 3 battle stars
 * World War II Victory Medal
 * Navy Occupation Service Medal with "Asia" Clasp
 * 4 National Defense Service Medals
 * Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
 * 2 Humanitarian Service Medals
 * Transportation 9-11 Ribbon
 * 2 Special Operations Service Ribbons

title: USCGC Acushnet (WMEC-167)