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Multistorey car park

A multistorey car park (Commonwealth English) or parking garage (American English ), also called a multistorey, parking building, parking structure, parkade (mainly Canadian), parking ramp, parking deck, or indoor parking, is a building designed for car, motorcycle, and bicycle parking in which parking takes place on more than one floor or level. The first known multistorey facility was built in London in 1901, and the first underground parking was built in Barcelona in 1904. (See History, below.) The term multistorey (or multistory) is almost never used in the US, because almost all parking structures have multiple parking levels. Parking structures may be heated if they are enclosed.

Design of parking structures can add considerable cost for planning new developments, with costs in the United States around $28,000 per space and $56,000 per space for underground (excluding the cost of land), and can be required by cities in parking mandates for new buildings. Some cities such as London have abolished previously enacted minimum parking requirements. Minimum parking requirements are a hallmark of zoning and planning codes for municipalities in the US. (States do not prescribe parking requirements, while counties and cities can).

History
The earliest known multi-storey car park was opened in May 1901 by City & Suburban Electric Carriage Company at 6 Denman Street, central London. The location had space for 100 vehicles over seven floors, totaling 19,000 square feet. The same company opened a second location in 1902 for 230 vehicles. The company specialized in the sale, storage, valeting, and on-demand delivery of electric vehicles that could travel about 40 miles and had a top speed of 20 miles per hour.

The earliest known parking garage in the United States was built in 1918 for the Hotel La Salle at 215 West Washington Street in the West Loop area of downtown Chicago, Illinois. It was designed by Holabird and Roche. The Hotel La Salle was demolished in 1976, but the parking structure remained because it had been designated as preliminary landmark status and the structure was several blocks from the hotel. It was demolished in 2005 after failing to receive landmark status from the city of Chicago. A 49-storey apartment tower, 215 West, has taken its place, also featuring a parking garage. When the Capital Garage in Washington, D.C. was built in 1927, it was reportedly the largest parking structure of its kind in the country. It was imploded in 1974.

Design

The movement of vehicles between floors can take place by means of:
 * interior inclined parking ramps and express ramps without parking – common
 * interior circular or helical express ramps
 * exterior ramps – which may take the form of a circular or helical ramp
 * vehicle lifts (or elevators) – the least common
 * automated robot systems – combination of ramp and elevator

Where the car park is built on sloping land, it may be split-level or have sloped parking.

Many parking structures are independent buildings dedicated exclusively to that use. The design loads for car parks are often less than the office building they serve (50 psf versus 80 [100] psf), leading to long floor spans of 55–65 feet that permit cars to park in rows without supporting columns in between [called long span]. Podium parking below high-rise and mid-rise buildings are often short-span 25–30 feet clear between columns, since office/residential/retail floors above require more support [100 psf per International Building Code]. Columns in short -span structures obstruct row based parking spaces and will be less efficient than long-span designs; parking efficiency is measured in cars per level square footage [car count/level area]. Common structural systems in the United States for long-span structures are prestressed concrete double-tee floor systems, post-tensioned cast-in-place concrete floor systems or short-span podium parking with post-tensioned slabs and drop panels [drop heads. Steel embeds or thicker slabs can eliminate the need for drop panels, providing higher clearances for higher profile vehicles.]

In recent times, parking structures built to serve residential and some business properties have been built as part of a larger building, often underground as part of the basement, such as the parking lot at the Atlantic Station redevelopment in Atlanta. This saves land for other uses (as opposed surface parking), is cheaper and more practical in most cases than a separate structure, and is hidden from view. It protects customers and their cars from weather such as rain, snow, or hot summer sunshine that raises a vehicle's interior temperature to extremely high levels. Underground parking of only two levels was considered an innovative concept in 1964, when developer Louis Lesser developed a two-level underground parking structure under six 10-storey high-rise residential halls at California State University, Los Angeles, which lacked space for horizontal expansion in the 176 acre university. The simple two-level parking structure was considered unusual enough in 1964 that a separate newspaper section entitled "Parking Underground" described the parking lot as an innovative "concept" and as "subterranean spaces". In Toronto, a 2,400 space underground parking structure below Nathan Phillips Square is one of the world's largest.

Parking which serve shopping centers can be built adjacent to the center for easier access at each floor between shops and parking. One example is Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, USA, which has two large parking lots attached to the building, at the eastern and western ends. A common position for parking within shopping centers in the UK is on the roof, around the various utility systems, enabling customers to take lifts straight down into the center. Examples of such are The Oracle in Reading and Festival Place in Basingstoke. Parking garages without mixed use can provide excellent uses for the Roof area: The Grove Parking Garage is the site for movies on its 8th level roof, The Grand Prix of Long Beach, CA can be viewed from the Roof level of The Aquarium of the Pacific Parking Garage and The Pike Parking Garage (opposite the Queensway Structure) were built with a thickened post-tensioned roof slab to accommodate crowds of people.

These parking structures often have low ceiling clearances [7'-2" and 8'-4" for accessible parking], which restrict access by full-size vans and other large vehicles. On 15 December 2013, a man was killed during a robbery in the parking garage at The Mall at Short Hills in Millburn, New Jersey. The paramedics responding to the shooting were delayed because their ambulance was too large to enter the structure.

In the United States, costs for parking garages are estimated to cost between $25,000 per space, with underground parking costing around $35,000 per space.

Structural integrity
Parking structures are subjected to the heavy and shifting loads of moving vehicles, and must bear the associated physical stresses. Expansion joints are used between sections not only for thermal expansion but to accommodate the flexing of the structure's sections due to vehicle traffic. Parking structures are generally not subject to building inspections after being checked for their initial occupancy permit. Seismic retrofits can be applied where earthquakes are an issue.

Some parking structures have partly collapsed, either during construction or years later. In July 2009 a fourth-floor section failed at the Centergy building in midtown Atlanta, pancaking down and destroying more than 30 vehicles but injuring no-one. In December 2007, a car crashed into the wall of the deck at the SouthPark Mall in Charlotte, North Carolina, weakening it and causing a small collapse which destroyed two cars below. On the same day, one under construction in Jacksonville, Florida collapsed as concrete was being poured on the sixth floor.

In November 2008, the sudden collapse of the middle level of a deck in Montreal was preceded by warning signs some weeks before, including cracks and water leaks.

In June 2012, the Algo Centre Mall's rooftop parking deck collapsed into the building, crashing through the upper level lottery kiosk adjacent to the food court and escalators to the ground floor below, killing two people.

In October 2012 four people were killed and nine more injured when a parking structure under construction at a campus of Miami-Dade College in Florida collapsed, purportedly due to an unfinished column.

The Surfside condominium's main building's collapse that killed ninety-eight people was likely caused by the failure of the long-term degradation of reinforced concrete structural support in the basement-level parking garage.

Precast parking structures

As multi-storey car parks have become more common since the middle of the twentieth century, many constructions of such structures have been using precast concrete to reduce the construction time. The design involves putting parking structure parts together. The parts of precast concrete include multi-storey structural wall panels, interior and exterior columns, structural floors, girders, wall panels, stairs, and slabs. The precast concrete parts are transported using flatbed semi-trailers to the sites. The structural floor modules may need to be laid tilted during the transportation in order to cover as large floor area as possible while they can be easily transported on the roadways. The modules are lifted using precast concrete lifting anchor systems at the sites for assembly. Decorations may include using of covers to close the holes in the precast concrete that contains the lifting anchors, and installing facades to the exterior of the structures.

In modern construction of the precast modules, there are other features to improve the strength of the structure. An example is to use prestressed strands on post-tensioned concrete for the construction of the shear walls. Another example is the use of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer to replace steel wire mesh to lighten the load and yield more corrosion resistant especially for the cold-climate areas which use salt for melting snow.

Architectural value
These structures are not usually known for their architectural value. As Architectural Record has noted, "In the Pantheon of Building Types, the parking garage lurks somewhere in the vicinity of prisons and toll plazas." The New York Times has labeled parking structures as "the grim afterthought of American design".

A handful of structures have received considerable praise for their design, including
 * 1111 Lincoln Road, in the South Beach section of Miami Beach, Florida and designed by the internationally known Swiss architectural firm of Herzog & de Meuron.
 * The Brutalist Preston bus station in the United Kingdom, which incorporates a multistorey car park
 * Castle Terrace Car Park in Edinburgh, United Kingdom
 * In the United States, several have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places, including Boston's North Terminal Garage. In more recent developments, Queensway Bay Parking Garage, Long Beach CA, has received awards for it unique facade in 1992, Designed by International Parking Design and built by Bomel Construction Company Inc.

Nomenclature
The term multistorey car park (often abbreviated to multistorey or multistory) is used in the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and many Commonwealth of Nations countries, and it is nowadays most commonly spelled without a hyphen. In the United States, the term parking structure is used, especially when it is necessary to distinguish such a structure from the "garage" connected with a house. In some places in North America, "parking garage" refers only to an indoor, often underground, structure. Outdoor, multi-level parking facilities are referred to by a number of regional terms:
 * Parking garage is used, to varying degrees, throughout the U.S. and Canada, often referring to underground parking, and designed professionally by Structural Engineers and Architects;
 * Parking Structure is used worldwide, and synonymously with “parking garage”.
 * Parking deck is used mostly in the Southern United States.
 * Parking ramp is used in the upper Midwest, especially Minnesota and Wisconsin, and has been observed as far east as Buffalo, New York.
 * Parkade is widely used in Western Canada and South Africa.
 * Parking building is used in New Zealand.

Architects and structural engineers in the USA are likely to call it a parking structure since their work is all about structures and since that term is the vernacular in the United States. When constructed as the base of a high-rise, it is sometimes called a parking podium. United States building codes use the term open parking garage to refer to a structure designed for car storage that has openings along at least 40% of the perimeter, as opposed to an enclosed parking garage that requires mechanical ventilation. Natural or mechanical ventilation provides fresh air flow to disperse car exhaust in normal conditions, or hot gas and smoke in case of fire.

Typically parking consultants in the UK describe the number of car park floors in terms of "G+x". G stands for ground and x for the number of floors above ground. For example, G+5 is a multi-storey car park structure with a ground floor and 5 floors above that, i.e. a total of 6 floors. The preceding does not apply to the United States where B+x refers to basement levels ascending in number x while descending in elevation, L1 or ground level [unlike European standards where ground level is below Level 1] with added levels as L2, etc.

Construction types

 * Concrete
 * Steel structure
 * Automated (mechanical)

Steel structure
Structure car parks are car parks made of structural steel components connected to each other to carry the loads and provide full structural rigidity.

Steel is a high-strength material requiring less material than other types of structures like concrete and timber. Steel construction features:
 * Cost savings: inexpensive to manufacture and erect, and requires less maintenance than traditional building methods.
 * Speed: Allows construction or prefabrication off-site with rapid installation on-site. Some suppliers claim construction in days.
 * Durability: Suppliers claim 50-plus years lifespan.
 * Removability: Steel car park structure could be designed to be removed at a later date.
 * Expandability: Steel car park structures can be expanded easily at a later date.
 * Creativity: Steel allows for long column-free spans.

The ceiling slab of the steel structure car park is typically made of composite material such as corrugated steel sheets and concrete. The surface of the first-floor parking can be left bare or covered with epoxy or tarmac.

Foundationless and modular
Demand, steel features, and innovation have led to the development of a foundationless, modular, removable steel car park structure.

Parking demand often grows quickly, significantly and sometimes unexpectedly. Modular steel car parks could be the proper solution if the surface area available is not sufficient and can be expanded upward, or whenever it is not feasible to build up a multi-storey parking. The development of the building concept of modular car parks came about by using the modular assembling method of vertical and horizontal elements (such as columns and beams) Modular car park structures are versatile and can be built in phases or in different sizes and shape. The solution makes it possible to develop a parking structure even in case of particular conditions or constraints, such as archaeological sites or city centres, because it allows:
 * To virtually double the parking surface without leaving any footprint on the ground, as no settlement for excavations or traditional foundations is needed;
 * To double the parking surface by means of a light steel single-deck car park system.
 * Prefab modular components of the system make each project versatile and suitable for both large and small sized areas.

These parking structures are generally demountable and can be relocated to avoid making the choice of converting a surface to parking area irrevocably. They could be used as permanent structures or are conceived as temporary parking facilities for temporary parking demand needs. A number of parking decks have been demounted after a few years – to make room for the development of a permanent structure – and relocated to respond to local parking demand.

Automated parking
The earliest use of an automated parking system (APS) was in Paris in 1905 at the Garage Rue de Ponthieu. The APS consisted of a groundbreaking multi-storey concrete structure with an internal elevator to transport cars to upper levels where attendants parked the cars. A 1931 Popular Mechanics article speculated about design for an underground garage where the car is taken to a parking area by a conveyor and then an elevator to shuttles mounted on rails.

The total cost of ownership of automated parking needs to be carefully considered. The actual cost of construction of automated car parks is typically higher than conventional car park structures, however, this can be offset by the higher space efficiency including reduced excavation waste from minimized footprints. The cost of the mechanical equipment needed to transport the cars needs to be added to the building cost. In addition, operation and maintenance costs of the mechanical equipment need to be added in order to determine the total cost of ownership. Other costs could be saved, for example, there is no need for an energy-intensive ventilating system, since cars are not driven inside and human cashiers or security personnel may not be needed. For naturally ventilated car parks structures, the ventilation equipment is not needed.

Automated car parks rely on similar technology to that used for mechanical handling and document retrieval. The driver leaves the car in an entrance module, and it is then transported to a parking slot by a robotic trolley. For the driver, the process of parking is reduced to leaving the car inside an entrance module.

At peak periods a wait may occur before entering or leaving, because loading passengers and luggage occurs at the entrance and exit rather than at the parking stall. This loading blocks the entrance or exit from being available to others. It is generally not recommended to use automated car parks for high peak hour volume facilities.

Additional factors that need to be taken into consideration are:
 * Fear of breakdowns (How does the user get the car back)
 * Maintenance contracts needed with suppliers

Automotive factories and car dealerships often use automated car parks to store inventory, which makes best use of space if they operate in urban areas, plus the car park may be decorated to promote the brand. For instance at the Autostadt there are two 60 meter/200 ft tall glass silos (AutoTürme) used as storage for new Volkswagens. The two towers are connected to the Volkswagen factory by a 700-metre tunnel. When cars arrive at the towers they are carried up at a speed of 1.5 metres per second. The render for the Autostadt shows 6 towers. When purchasing a car from Volkswagen (the main brand only, not the sub-brands) in select European countries, it is optional if the customer wants it delivered to the dealership where it was bought or if the customer wants to travel to Autostadt to pick it up. If the latter is chosen, the Autostadt supplies the customer with free entrance, meal tickets and a variety of events building up to the point where the customer can follow on screen as the automatic elevator picks up the selected car in one of the silos. The car is then transported out to the customer without having driven a single meter, and the odometer is thus on "0".

Automated car parks have been popular for multistorey residential buildings in New York City and Paris. In Toronto, automated car parks are gradually catching in the downtown core condominium developments sine the 2010s, due to developers having to meet city-mandated minimum parking space requirements while building on increasingly smaller lots.

Other technologies

Modern car parks utilize a variety of technologies to help motorists find unoccupied parking spaces, car location when returning to the vehicle and improve their experience. These include adaptive lighting, sensors and parking space LED indicators (red for occupied, green for available and blue is reserved for the disabled; above every parking space), indoor positioning system (IPS), including QR code, and mobile payment options. The Santa Monica Place shopping mall in California has cameras on each stall that can help count the lot occupancy and find lost cars.

Online booking technology service providers have been created to help drivers find long-term parking in an automated manner, while also providing significant savings for those who book parking spaces ahead of time. They use real-time inventory management checking technology to display car parks with availability, sorted by price and distance from the airport.

Other recent developments in technology include Vehicles Detection and Count Systems, Point of Sale & Revenue Control Systems, Traffic & Capacity Monitoring Systems, Valet Parking Point of Sale, Management & Revenue Control Systems. These systems help in way finding for parking clients with space availability shown at every turn, space monitoring using retrofit wifi transmitters in each space to update the space availability signs and to alert parking management of bottle necks and intervention measures. Revenue Control, Capacity Management, and Valet Point of Sale is a major issue for Office and Retail parking management and is also a means of parking management intervention, where website update the status of all of these issues for exclusive use by management. Irvine Spectrum Center, Irvine CA, with 3 parking structures, uses all of these systems The City of Santa Monica uses Traffic and Capacity Monitoring with its 30 parking structures. Disneyland, in Anaheim CA uses most of these hi-tech solutions on its 8 garages.

Multistorey parking ship

In 1991, a 1975 marine vessel was transformed into a floating pontoon multi-storey car parking facility. The ship was given the new name P-Arken (a pun on the words park and ark) and it is permanently towed in Gothenburg's harbour Lilla Bommen near Skeppsbron.

In November 2019, a fully-clad parking barge for automobiles was patented in the United States. Its angular sides are designed to protect against driving wind, rain, and debris.

Education and research
In October 2009, the National Building Museum opened an exhibition solely devoted to the study of parking garages and their impact on the built environment. This exhibition, titled House of Cars: Innovation and the Parking Garage, was on view until 11 July 2010. Additional information on the design and building of parking structures can be found in "Parking Structures: planning, design, construction, maintenance, and repair" This resource is on its third edition, written by prominent staff of Walker Parking Consultants, a preeminent Parking Structure designer in the US.

title: Multistorey car park


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Monastery of Santa Catalina de Siena, Arequipa

The Monastery of Santa Catalina de Siena is a large monastery of the Dominican Second Order, located in Arequipa, Peru.

This is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Historical Centre of the City of Arequipa".

Location
The citadel was located in the south of Peru in the city of Arequipa, founded on September 10, 1579 and located in an area that stands out for its natural beauty, welcoming climate and that has a great material with which the architecture of this city is built and continues to be built, the tuff. In the monastery there are two types, the white tuff, which comes from the Chachani volcano, and the pink one from the Misti, the latter emblem of the city.

The citadel occupies an area of 20,000 square meters, "it constitutes a true and small city, characterized by its multitude of streets, somewhat tortuous, broken and narrow." And is completely isolated from the city, despite being located in the heart of it. A great and solid wall of 4 meters of height isolated the life of the women who inhabited the monastery.

Historical review
Viceroy Francisco de Toledo grants the necessary license for the foundation of the much-desired monastery that applied for citizenship. Doña María de Guzmán, widow of Diego Hernández de Mendoza, decides to seclude herself in the monastery under construction, giving up all her assets. On September 10, 1579, the memory of the foundation of the monastery was made, signed by the Cabildo, the city regiment and the bishopric of Cusco, naming María de Guzmán as the "First settler and prioress of said Monastery". On October 2, 1580, date on which the first monastery was completed, a high mass is held in the city so that from that day the habits will be taken.

Its first facilities were destroyed in 1600 and 1604 by earthquakes, but after these the community of Santa Catalina experienced a definitive rebirth, thanks to the entry of many catalinas of high lineage, from rich Arequipa families of that time, its current building corresponds to the last third of the 17th century.

The women who entered the monastery as nuns were white criollas and mestizas belonging to wealthy families. The story tells of the income of the so-called "poor nuns" who, without having money to pay a dowry, entered to exercise their virtues. It is known that, in the middle of the 18th century, the citadel had more than 300 women in habit and servant maids.

On June 13, 1747, a group of four nuns from the Santa Catalina Monastery moved to the newly built Santa Rosa Monastery, located on the corner of San Pedro and Santa Rosa streets, to found a new religious community, which continues there until now.

The Santa Catalina Monastery was wrapped in a veil of mystery and silence until 1970, when a large part of the convent opened its doors to the public. The nuns allowed a private company to manage it. Nuns still live in the northern area of the complex.

Architecture
The charm of this citadel lies in the solidity and plasticity of its volumes, and the beauty that master builders achieved in the architecture of these enclosures through solutions such as flying buttresses or the construction of strong arches based on pillars.

In the interiors, domes and vaulted ceilings greatly expand the space and add to the sense of strength of the buildings. Likewise, especially in the area of the alleys, the intervention of masons who, lacking a proper architectural design, were raising walls, roofs, cells, patios and portals of a simple approach is perceived.

The current building houses splendid pieces of art, such as a Baroque altar of carved and gilt wood, with one body and three lanes, which adorns the chapel, and several paintings from the Cusco School.

Due to the constant earthquakes that affected the monastery, the families of the nuns chose to build unique and private cells for each one of them. What caused there to be ordered sectors and in the absence of a plan others with a notorious disorder. For almost two centuries during the colony, the cloisters and cells of the monastery have undergone various modifications, additions and new constructions that have made Santa Catalina a counter on a human scale of Arequipa's colonial architecture.

Dependencies

 * The small streets and cloisters are full of colorful flowers and the walls are painted in fresh dyes. Narrow alleys lead to the various parts of the convent passing through picturesque sites and living and sleeping places with the original furniture.

 * Portal of the monastery
 * The entrance portal is adorned with a relief of St. Catherine of Siena, under whose patronage the monastery was founded. It is carved into the solid tuff wall that borders the entire block. The sober simplicity of shapes and color of this cover contrasts with the cheerful color that the visitor will find in the interior environments.

It was the place where the nuns gathered to pray the Holy Rosary and read the Bible in complete silence.
 * Courtyard del Silencio

 * Cloister de los Naranjos
 * It dates from 1738. It owes its name to the presence of orange trees. The three crosses located in the middle of the cloister are part of a tradition of the Santa Catalina Monastery, where the nuns represent the Passion of Christ every Good Friday.

 * Major Cloister
 * Built between 1715 and 1723, it is the largest cloister in the Monastery. On the left side there are 5 confessionals that had the required privacy. Around it are located paintings intended for the preparation, teaching and catechization of nuns, as in the other two cloisters. There are a total of 32 colonial paintings, 23 refer to the life of Mary and 9 to the public life of Jesus.

 * Kitchen
 * This kitchen draws a lot of attention for the particularity of its environment that takes us back centuries. Some experts believe that its high domed ceiling was due to the fact that it was or was going to be used as a chapel. The kitchen worked with coal, firewood and other fuels, that is why all the walls are blackened and the utensils that can be seen in it are original from that time.

 * Laundry
 * It was built in 1770, when Arequipa was supplied with water through ditches. In it we find 20 half urns, which are large clay containers, used in the past to store grains, corn or wine, which served as trays. The water ran through a central channel, which was diverted to each jar by placing a stone and at the bottom of the tray they put a plug, which after washing was removed and the water ran towards the underground channel that carried the waste to the river.

 * Bell tower
 * The distinguished tower that the Monastery of Santa Catalina boasts was built in 1748 with the President of the Council, the superior Sister Catalina de San José Barreda and Bishop Juan Bravo de Rivero. Its bell tower has four bells arranged facing the streets that surround the monastery:
 * Facing Santa Catalina street (to the east), an old bell without any inscription.
 * Facing Ugarte Street (to the south) is the oldest bell with the inscription "Santa Catalina Ora Pronobis, 1749".
 * Facing Bolívar Street (to the west) there is a bell with the inscription “R.M. María de Villegas, 1787”.

 * Church
 * Beautiful and old church with a long nave and a semicircular dome, which has a basic floor plan construction of approximately 1660.

 * Its main altar is made of embossed silver that represents a very careful work, with beautiful and delicate religious motifs, by the old craftsmen who were entrusted with the work. In it we find interesting rooms for the confessors of the nuns who were in closure. Likewise, there is a beautiful altar dedicated to Blessed Sister Ana of the Angels Monteagudo. There is a large metal fence between the church and the lower choir, which is where the nuns were located and continue to do so for the celebration of Holy Mass, to separate the enclosure from the outside world. In the upper part is the high choir where there is a large and ancient European organ of beautiful manufacture.

 * Inside you can see the cloister of Blessed Sister Ana of the Angels Monteagudo, who was beatified due to her exemplary conventual life and the attribution of some miracles.

Art gallery of the monastery
Approximately 400 colonial art pieces. The main works are exhibited in a majestic setting: two immense rooms with high vaults, arranged in a cross, in which the stucco has been removed, leaving the walls in ashlar. To the side another smaller vault completes the architectural unit dedicated to the museum.

In culture
The Santa Catalina monastery features in some detail in the second half of The Book of Human Skin by Michele Lovric.

Patrick Leigh Fermor visited the monastery on 27 August 1971, and wrote of his impressions in the third of his Three Letters from the Andes (1991).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sobriquet Magazine

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 18:26, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

Sobriquet Magazine
According to the article it is "... one of the most cited punk rock resources on the internet". I count 66 citations. --Lee Hunter 02:58, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - 64 Google hits. Megan1967 04:32, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Not notable. Inter 10:28, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * keep I'd keep the entry, but I would edit out the "one of the most cited punk resources" thing. That seems untrue. Also, I would add an entry on some other zines like Profane Existence and The Probe. P.E. is pretty influential and has been around close to twenty years, I dare say. this vote is the only edit by User:Uni1965.
 * Delete Rhobite 01:32, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. No claim to notability. JoaoRicardo 21:21, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Walt Disney/archive1

This article is pretty much feature quality--up until around World War II. The sections on the postwar years need significant expansion; as it is, the gist of it is, "He founded Disneyland then died." Once that's taken care of, this'll be an easy Featured Article candidate--it's really well-written and detailed, one of those articles almost anyone could learn something from Szyslak 09:22, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Needs sources with ISBN reference. Should be rather easy to find. Davodd 06:28, Sep 23, 2004 (UTC)


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Siomón Brecc

Siomón Brecc ("the speckled, spotted, ornamented"), son of Áedan Glas, son of Nuadu Finn Fáil, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He took power after killing the previous incumbent, Sétna Innarraid, who ruled for six years and was killed by Sétna's son Dui Finn. The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises his reign with that of Xerxes I of the Achaemenid Empire (485–465 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 685–679 BC, that of the Annals of the Four Masters to 910–904 BC.

title: Siomón Brecc


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Culver Line

Culver Line refers to the following transit lines in Brooklyn:
 * Culver Line (New York City Subway), rapid transit from Downtown Brooklyn to Coney Island, combining the former IND Brooklyn Line and BMT Culver Line
 * Culver Shuttle, former remnant of the BMT Culver Line
 * Culver Line (surface), the old surface trolley line on McDonald Avenue, built by the Prospect Park and Coney Island Railroad and essentially replaced by the BMT Culver Line

title: Culver Line


text: User talk:200.85.65.43

title: User talk:200.85.65.43


text:
Dayuan District

Dayuan District (Taiwanese: Tuā-hn̂g-khu), formerly known as Dayuan Township (Taiwanese: Tuā-hn̂g-hiong) is a coastal district in northwestern Taoyuan City, Taiwan.

History
Dayuan District was originally named Toa-khu-hng, literally means a vast (大) vegetable garden (坵園) as an old Chinese name). In the earlier days, cottage scattered around the district with very limited settlers that grows vegetable and sweet potatoes.  Hoklo people migrated to the area during the rule of Kangxi.  In avoidance of the invasion of Yue people, walled villages were built around the settlements of Hoklo people.  It was renamed Ōsono Village (大園庄) during Japanese rule, and was part of Tōen District, Shinchiku Prefecture. After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China, it was called Dayuan Township. It became Dayuan District in 2014, when Taoyuan County became a special municipality (and the former city of Taoyuan became a district of the special municipality).

Demographics
The population in 1986 was 56,995. By the end of February 2023, the total population had grown to 86,007. It is considered a slow population growing district.

 * Area: 87.3925 km2
 * Population: 86,007 people (February 2023)

Topology
Dayuan District has an inclining topography from southwest to northwest with an average height of 35 meters above sea level. Inland area are mostly plains, rice fields or spacious flat lands, while in the northeast part is the prolonged sand beach seacoast.

Climate
The district lies in the subtropic monsoon climate region. In winter, northwest monsoon is stronger and in the coldest months, the average temperature is about 11 °C. In summer, it rains a lot but it is free from droughts during the winter seasons.

Administrative divisions
The district consists of 18 villages and 407 neighborhoods. The villages are:
 * Dahai Village
 * Dayuan Village
 * Guolin Village
 * Haikou Village
 * Hengfong Village
 * Heping Village
 * Houcuo Village
 * Jhuwei Village
 * Nangang Village
 * Neihai Village
 * Peikang Village
 * Pusin Village
 * Sanshih Village
 * Shalun Village
 * Sihai Village
 * Tiansin Village
 * Wucyuan Village
 * Zuntou Village

Transportation
China Airlines’s headquarters, CAL Park, is on the grounds of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in Dayuan District. Evergreen Airlines Services Corporation, Evergreen Aviation Technologies Corp., and Evergreen Air Cargo Services Corporation, subsidiaries of Evergreen Group, are also headquartered in Dayuan.

Agriculture
The main agriculture products of the district are paddy rice, watermelons, crops, vegetables, peanuts etc. To improve the agriculture industry, various innovations have been introduced in the area, such as the plantation of various types of flowers and plants for export and import markets, plantation of green onions and the development of shelf network of room vegetables and other crops.

Fishery
Fishery products are mostly in the irrigated ponds with a lot of grass carps, silver carps, carps, tilapia etc. The district has the biggest fishing port in Taoyuan County with a capacity of 50 ships in the interior part and 100 ships in the exterior part. Main fish species including pomfrets, sharks and mullets.

Industry
The district houses the Dayuan Specialized Industry Park, Dayuan Extended Industry Park and Chun-Fa Industry Park. The main industries including chemical products, leather products, dyes, papermaking, metal, textiles, electronic and electric appliances manufacturing, food processing etc.

Commerce
The main commerce industry is retailing business, such as department stores, restaurants, silver-goods shops, furniture, electric appliances, finance, automobiles, motorcycles, gas stations, parking lots etc.

Education
The district is home to one private senior high school, two public junior high schools, 12 public elementary schools, 17 public nursery schools, 11 private nursery schools, 3 private kindergartens. It also houses one district library and one community library.

Tourist attractions

 * Hengshan Calligraphy Art Center
 * Xihai Flower Garden Zone
 * Zhuwei Fish Harbor

Air
Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport

Road
The district is served by National Highway No. 2. Bus station in the district is Dayuan Bus Station of Taoyuan Bus.

Taoyuan Airport MRT

 * Airport Terminal 1 Station
 * Airport Terminal 2 Station
 * Airport Terminal 3 Station (under construction; scheduled for completion in 2025)
 * Airport Hotel Station
 * Dayuan Station
 * Hengshan Station
 * Linghang Station

title: Dayuan District


text:
Talk:Novi Zagreb

Country?
What country is this? Don't forget to include basic information like that, because random people (like me) will read it and be confused. - DavidWBrooks 03:03, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

split into east and west?
Though all of Novi Zagreb was built as one project they are quite sepatrate being split by that duel caraigeway and each has its own market and library. Crucially they are both ccetvts with thier own elected councils.

 * There isn't enough content to make two articles, at least I don't see much other than this paragraph or two... please feel free to expand it :) --Joy [shallot]   23:42, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * For the moment yes, but I'm sure it will grow in time. What we we could do to make the content large enough to be more than a stub is move the smaller neighborhood like Sopot, Utrine etc into Novi Zagreb Istok so they would be a list of subheadings rather than separate pages. I've cut and pasted your headings into the page to show you what I mean.  Feel free to revert if you still want to stay with them each having their own page.
 * (You've been following me around for some time correcting my spelling -this is the first time we have so to speak met. :-) Hi. )Dejvid 23:13, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

hy...I'm from Croatia, and from New Zagreb...I think there aren't enough information about New Zagreb. For me it's the most beautiful part of Zagreb. This year at Središće is being built a new modern museum and in Siget new shopping center. there are a lots of parks and Zagreb fair which is interesting to see, also there is Velesajam skating park where I go skating every winter. in Utrine, where I live, is built new swimming pool, and I could write more about New Zagreb but I don't have time, I have to study..Oh, yes and in Utrine there are two, I think strongest highschools in Zagreb, I personnely go to one of them...sorry for the language, I'm not very good at this.. unsigned comment posted by 212.15.174.137

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The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:22, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
 * New Zagreb in the 80's.jpg
 * TrnskoPlan.png

title: Talk:Novi Zagreb


text:
Dan Gookin

Dan Gookin is a computer book author who wrote the first ...For Dummies books including DOS for Dummies and PCs for Dummies, establishing the design and voice of the long-running series that followed, incorporating humor and jokes into a format for beginners on any subject. He also is a member of the Coeur d'Alene City Council.

Gookin has written over 150 computer books. His website provides computer help sections and a blog which is updated several times a week. He was editor of ComputorEdge Magazine, a local San Diego computer periodical, from 1987 to 1989.

Gookin lives in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, where he has been active in community theater and became the artistic director of Lake City Playhouse in 1997. He was elected to a seat in the Coeur d'Alene City Council in November 2011. He was a nominee for the Idaho Senate and the 2007 Libertarian nominee for the Coeur d'Alene city council.

He is a graduate of the University of California, San Diego with a Bachelor of Arts in communications/visual arts.

He appeared as himself on the series To Tell the Truth as the panel tried to figure out if he or someone else wrote the first ...For Dummies book.

title: Dan Gookin


text:
Pentadecagon

In geometry, a pentadecagon or pentakaidecagon or 15-gon is a fifteen-sided polygon.

Regular pentadecagon
A regular pentadecagon is represented by Schläfli symbol {15}.

A regular pentadecagon has interior angles of 156°, and with a side length a, has an area given by

\begin{align} A = \frac{15}{4}a^2 \cot \frac{\pi}{15} & = \frac{15}{4}\sqrt{7+2\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{15+6\sqrt{5}}}a^2 \\ & = \frac{15a^2}{8} \left( \sqrt{3}+\sqrt{15}+                                           \sqrt{2}\sqrt{5+\sqrt{5}}                                      \right) \\ & \simeq 17.6424\,a^2. \end{align}$$

Construction
As 15 = 3 × 5, a product of distinct Fermat primes, a regular pentadecagon is constructible using compass and straightedge: The following constructions of regular pentadecagons with given circumcircle are similar to the illustration of the proposition XVI in Book IV of Euclid's Elements.

Compare the construction according to Euclid in this image:

In the construction for given circumcircle: $$ \overline{FG} = \overline{CF}\text{,} \; \overline{AH} = \overline{GM}\text{,} \; |E_1E_6|$$ is a side of equilateral triangle and $$|E_2E_5|$$ is a side of a regular pentagon. The point $$H$$ divides the radius $$\overline{AM}$$ in golden ratio: $$\frac{\overline{AH}}{\overline{HM}} = \frac{\overline{AM}}{\overline{AH}} = \frac{1+ \sqrt{5}}{2} = \Phi \approx 1.618 \text{.}$$

Compared with the first animation (with green lines) are in the following two images the two circular arcs (for angles 36° and 24°) rotated 90° counterclockwise shown. They do not use the segment $$ \overline{CG}$$, but rather they use segment $$\overline{MG}$$ as radius $$\overline{AH}$$ for the second circular arc (angle 36°).

A compass and straightedge construction for a given side length. The construction is nearly equal to that of the pentagon at a given side, then also the presentation is succeed by extension one side and it generates a segment, here $$\overline{FE_2}\text{,}$$ which is divided according to the golden ratio:

$$\frac{\overline{E_1 E_2}}{\overline{E_1 F}} = \frac{\overline{E_2 F}}{\overline{E_1 E_2}} = \frac{1+ \sqrt{5}}{2} = \Phi \approx 1.618 \text{.}$$

Circumradius $$\overline{E_2 M} = R\;;\;\;$$ Side length $$\overline{E_1 E_2} = a\;;\;\;$$ Angle $$ D E_1M = ME_2D = 78^\circ$$

$$\begin{align} R &= a \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{5 + 2 \cdot \sqrt{5}} + \sqrt{3} \right)= \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{8+ 2 \cdot \sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{15 + 6 \cdot \sqrt{5}}}\cdot a\\ &= \frac {\sin (78^\circ)}{ \sin (24^\circ)} \cdot a \approx 2.40486\cdot a \end{align}$$

Symmetry
The regular pentadecagon has Dih15 dihedral symmetry, order 30, represented by 15 lines of reflection. Dih15 has 3 dihedral subgroups: Dih5, Dih3, and Dih1. And four more cyclic symmetries: Z15, Z5, Z3, and Z1, with Zn representing π/n radian rotational symmetry.

On the pentadecagon, there are 8 distinct symmetries. John Conway labels these symmetries with a letter and order of the symmetry follows the letter. He gives r30 for the full reflective symmetry, Dih15. He gives d (diagonal) with reflection lines through vertices, p with reflection lines through edges (perpendicular), and for the odd-sided pentadecagon i with mirror lines through both vertices and edges, and g for cyclic symmetry. a1 labels no symmetry.

These lower symmetries allows degrees of freedoms in defining irregular pentadecagons. Only the g15 subgroup has no degrees of freedom but can be seen as directed edges.

Pentadecagrams
There are three regular star polygons: {15/2}, {15/4}, {15/7}, constructed from the same 15 vertices of a regular pentadecagon, but connected by skipping every second, fourth, or seventh vertex respectively.

There are also three regular star figures: {15/3}, {15/5}, {15/6}, the first being a compound of three pentagons, the second a compound of five equilateral triangles, and the third a compound of three pentagrams.

The compound figure {15/3} can be loosely seen as the two-dimensional equivalent of the 3D compound of five tetrahedra.

Isogonal pentadecagons
Deeper truncations of the regular pentadecagon and pentadecagrams can produce isogonal (vertex-transitive) intermediate star polygon forms with equal spaced vertices and two edge lengths.

Petrie polygons
The regular pentadecagon is the Petrie polygon for some higher-dimensional polytopes, projected in a skew orthogonal projection:

Uses
A regular triangle, decagon, and pentadecagon can completely fill a plane vertex. However, due to the triangle's odd number of sides, the figures cannot alternate around the triangle, so the vertex cannot produce a semiregular tiling.

title: Pentadecagon


text:
MultiCultural Aotearoa

MultiCultural Aotearoa (MCA) is an anti-fascist group that was formed in 2004 in response to racist attacks in the New Zealand capital, Wellington.

Its main policies are to:

 * Oppose the actions of the New Zealand National Front (NZNF)
 * Oppose humiliating immigration policies
 * Stop Māori-bashing

On 23 October 2004, the MCA led an anti-racism march from Te Papa to the steps of Parliament to protest an NZNF demonstration. The NZNF had originally planned to demonstrate against Asian immigration, but after the MCA march was organised the topic was changed to support for the New Zealand flag.

Estimates of attendance at the MCA march vary widely: the national television networks estimated 300, the NZ Herald estimated 800, and the MCA itself claimed 3,000. It included anarchists and members of the International Socialist Organization, among other supporters.

A scuffle broke out when the "Anarcho Faeries" (about 15 people dressed in costumes including a pink tutu) chanted at the NZNF and were joined by MCA marchers and bystanders. Eventually the National Front protestors left Parliament grounds followed by a small group of Faeries, a few others and most of the police and journalists.

title: MultiCultural Aotearoa


text:
Taka Michinoku

Takao Yoshida (吉田 貴男) (born October 26, 1973),  better known by his ring name Taka Michinoku (Taka みちのく) (stylized as TAKA Michinoku), is a Japanese professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist. He currently appears for New Japan Pro-Wrestling, where he is a member of the Just 5 Guys stable. From 2011, he was a member of Suzuki-gun, until the faction's disbandment in 2022. Michinoku also is the founder and regularly appears for Just Tap Out (JTO), which was founded in 2019.

Michinoku is also known in North America for his work for the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) where he had the first WWF Light Heavyweight Championship reign recognized by the promotion. Michinoku is the founder and former promoter of Kaientai Dojo (now Active Advance Pro Wrestling), where he also primarily wrestled until 2019.

Having held championship titles in Japan, North America, Mexico and Europe, Yoshida is known for his long title reigns. He held the FMW Independent World Junior Heavyweight Title for a combined duration of more than 15 months, the WWF Light Heavyweight Title for a then record-setting 10 months and the WEW Six-Man Tag Team Title for almost a year. Yoshida has held the World Junior Heavyweight Championship, Michinoku Pro Tohoku Junior Heavyweight Championship and Kaientai Dojo (K-Dojo) Strongest-K Championship simultaneously for almost 10 months. During his reign, he has defended his titles against both AJPW and independent circuit talent to increase his base of opponents, and thus has increased the reach of the World Junior Heavyweight Championship, which was closed off to outside competition in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s.

Early career (1992-1997)
Taka Michinoku took his name as a sign of respect for his mentor The Great Sasuke, who was the owner of Michinoku Pro Wrestling and had been the first to use Michinoku as part of his ring name. He debuted Wrestling International New Generations and Michinoku Pro Wrestling joint event by teaming up with Great Sasuke, they lost to Super Delfin & Terry Boy. He would later move to Federacion Universal De Lucha Libre and debuted by beating the team of Mongolian Yuga & Shiryu with Buffalo Chohe. Then he debuted for Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling in a six-man tag team match at Summer Spectacular in 1993. Michinoku would primary compete at MPW, UWF and FMW in his early career.

His debut for New Japan Pro-Wrestling came during Super J-Cup 1994 and was eliminated from the competition in the first round by Black Tiger. He competed in Best of the Super Juniors 1994 and only gained two points therefore losing the tournament. He also went up against Super Delfin for the CMLL World Welterweight Championship and had a J-Crown Title #1 Contendership match with Koji Kanemoto, both of which he lost.

Michinoku's first title reign came in the form of the FMW Independent Junior Heavyweight Championship, which he won by defeating Koji Nakagawa on May 5, 1996. He would lose the title to El Satanico after holding the title for one year and one month and defeating fellow young wrestlers Minoru Tanaka, Naohiro Hoshikawa and Hayato Nanjyo, he would later regain the championship two months later. He would vacate the championship to focus on the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship.

Extreme Championship Wrestling (1997, 1999)
Michinoku made his ECW and American debut on February 14, 1997, in a match where he teamed with Dick Togo & Terry Boy to defeat Gran Hamada, Gran Naniwa & The Great Sasuke. This three on three feud lasted until ECW Barely Legal 1997 Gran Hamada, Masato Yakushiji & The Great Sasuke would defeat the trio. This was also Michinoku's first pay per view appearance. After this Michinoku left the company to join the World Wrestling Federation.

In 1999 Michinoku would return at ECW Cyberslam 1999 defeating Papi Chulo. He also wrestled Super Crazy at Hardcore Heaven 1999. Other matches include two tag matches teaming with Yoshihiro Tajiri, a Hardcore Heaven rematch with Super Crazy ending In another victory for Super Crazy, a loss against Jerry Lynn & his last two matches for ECW was in the form of two wins against Mosco de la Merced.

Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (1997)
While competing in ECW and then in WWF, Michinoku also had a spell in CMLL in 1997, competing as a tecnico. In that period, two other Japanese wrestlers wrestled in Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre, namely Ultimo Dragon and Yoshihiro Tajiri. Michinoku fought between the others The Headhunters and Val Venis, at the time using the mask of Steele. In the summer of 1997, both Taka Michinoku and Yoshihiro Tajiri moved to World Wrestling Federation.

Light Heavyweight Champion (1997–1998)
He made his World Wrestling Federation (WWF) debut on July 6, 1997, at the WWF pay-per-view Canadian Stampede losing to The Great Sasuke but getting a huge reaction from the crowd. He lost a rematch to Sasuke the following night on Raw. Taka was part of the Light Heavyweight division. He was entered in the WWF Light Heavyweight Title Tournament where the winner would become the first WWF Light Heavyweight Champion, he beat Devon Storm in the quarterfinal, Aguila in the semifinal. On December 7, 1997, Michinoku defeated Brian Christopher at D-Generation X: In Your House to become the first WWF Light Heavyweight Champion recognized by the WWF. Taka successfully defended the WWF Light Heavyweight Title at No Way Out of Texas: In Your House against Pantera, at WrestleMania XIV against Aguila and against multiple different opponents on Raw is War and Shotgun Saturday Night. After holding the title for more than 10 months, Michinoku lost the title to Christian at Judgment Day: In Your House on October 18.

Kaientai (1998–2001)
Taka started to become "Americanised" and on Raw, he teamed with Bradshaw and segments where shown of Taka and Bradshaw doing generalised and stereotyped American activities. He was attacked by Kai En Tai for unknown reasons, and their alliance with Taka in Japan was not mentioned. Taka began feuding with Kai En Tai. Michinoku would team up with Bradshaw to take on Dick Togo, Mens Teioh & Shoichi Funaki at Over the Edge: In Your House only to be defeated. He would then also team up with The Headbangers to defeat Togo, Teioh & Funaki at King of the Ring. With Kai En Tai also feuding with Val Venis the pair teamed up to take on Togo and Funaki in a tag team match, Taka made a swerve, however, by turning against Venis, proclaiming that Mrs. Yamaguchi-San was his sister. Venis was dragged backstage by Kaientai to be castrated, though the audience did not see what happened next. A few weeks later Michinoku was involved in a gauntlet match with Togo, Teioh and Funaki to defeat Venis. Michinoku once again teamed up with Togo, Teioh and Funaki to go against The Oddities (Giant Silva, Golga & Kurrgan) at SummerSlam 1998 only to lose the match. With Kai En Tai in 1998 he had multiple chances to become a champion, going up against Christian and Duane Gill for the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship and X-Pac for the WWF European Championship.

After Togo, Teioh and both Yamaguchis left the WWF, Michinoku and Funaki began wrestling as a tag team using the name Kaientai. They were primarily comedy jobbers, best known for their "Indeed!" skits in which voices in English were dubbed by Bruce Prichard into their promos while they badly lip-synced. Their first tag team match together came in the form of a loss to the Hardy Boyz. At WrestleMania 2000 the pair were part of a hardcore battle royal for the WWF Hardcore Championship, Funaki even became the Hardcore champion for a small amount of time however Michinoku never held the title. Taka's biggest venture in WWF came when he challenged Triple H for the WWF Championship on the April 10, 2000 edition of Raw, coming up short despite interference on his behalf from Funaki and the Acolytes Protection Agency. In 2000 they had a chance to become the number one contenders for the WWF World Tag Team Championship in a number one contendership battle royal in which The APA won. In 2001 KaiEnTai took on the Dudley Boyz for the WWF Tag Team Championship but failed to capture them. In 2000 and 2001 Michinoku had multiple opportunities to become the WWF Light Heavyweight Champion taking on Dean Malenko, Jeff Hardy and others. In their last match together as KaiEnTai, due to Michinoku leaving the WWF, they defeated Justin Credible and Raven on the October 20, 2001 edition of WWF Jakked. Taka was released by WWF.

Kaientai Dojo (2002–2019)
After departing from the WWF in early 2002, Michinoku returned to Japan to rehabilitate a serious shoulder injury.

On May 19, 2002, Michinoku debuted for Kaientai Dojo at K-Dojo New Talent Presentation where Michinoku had several matches with four new K-Dojo talents and won all four matches. In June, Michinoku took part in CLUB-K Super Take tournament and would be knocked out by Daigoro Kashiwa. In March 2003, Michinoku teamed up with Mr. X5 to take part in UWA/UWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship number one contendership tournament and were eliminated in the second round by MIYAWAKI and Ofune.

On January 10, 2005, Michinoku defeated Kaz Hayashi for the Strongest-K Championship, the highest honor one can achieve in Kaientai Dojo. Michinoku started a feud with Kazma, which led to several championship matches between the two where Michinoku would come out on top. He would go on to beat Bambi in the finals of Strongest-K 2005. The beginning of 2006 proved to be a problem for Michinoku as on January 6, 2006, he would lose the Strongest-K Championship to JOE, holding the championship for almost one year and making him the longest Strongest-K Champion up to that point.

However, after losing the championship, a few months later on June 4, 2006, Michinoku teamed up with TOMO Michinoku to beat Shiori Asahi and Makoto Oishi to win the WEW Hardcore Tag Team Championship and would lose the championship to Apple Miyuki and YOSHIYA almost a month later on July 8. K-DOJO was separated into two distinct sides, GET and RAVE, which ran separate shows but often joined during large shows and tours and GET was led by Taka Michinoku while RAVE's leader was Hi69. Michinoku participated in the GET block of Strongest-K 2006, Michinoku gained four points and therefore did not progress forward. Michinoku teamed up with TAKU Michinoku to take part in a four-way match for the WEW Hardcore Tag Team Championship and lost.

2007 kicked of for Michinoku in the form of a New Year battle royal, which was won by Boso Boy Raito. Michinoku teamed up with Kazma to take part in the GET block part of K-DOJO Tag League 2007, the pair reached the final before being eliminated by Makoto Oishi and Shiori Asahi. After Hi69's departure, Taka Michinoku became commissioner of RAVE and 296 became commissioner of GET. On April 22, 2007, RAVE ran its last show; the two brands merged and now run joint shows. Michinoku would go on to win Strongest-K 2007 after defeating Yuji Hino in the final. With this win, he went on to take on Strongest-K champion Kengo Mashimo in September and lost.

Michinoku would bounce back from this defeat by teaming up with JOE and defeated Kengo Mashimo and Madoka to become the Strongest-K Tag Team Champions in November. Michinoku and JOE would begin calling themselves Handsome. At the same time Michinoku and Dick Togo became the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champions for New Japan Pro-Wrestling and Handsome and Strongest-K Tag Team Championship was put on the back burner somewhat. In the beginning of 2008 Handsome took part in K-DOJO Tag Tag League 2008 and were eliminated in the first round by Kazma and Yuji Hino. During this time, Michinoku and Togo lost their championship and Handsome would compete a lot more because of it. They would defend their championship against other factions such as Omega and Gekirin. However, on June 20, 2008, Handsome would lose the Strongest-K Tag Team Championship to Omega's Kazma and Miyawaki. Handsome would regain the championship a few months later on August 31. They would lose it to Omega once again with Makoto Oishi & Shiori Asahi defeating them on December 14. Handsome would take part in K-DOJO Tag Team League 2009 but didn't progress further. Michinoku won Strongest-K next challenger tournament and went on to beat Kengo Mashimo to become a two time Strongest-K Champion. Michinoku finally lost the championship to his longtime rival Kazma on October 10, 2009. In late 2009, Handsome went separate ways.

Michinoku teamed up with Taishi Takizawa in K-DOJO Tag League 2010 and reached the final before being eliminated by Daigoro Kashiwa and Kengo Mashimo and would lose to Kengo Mashimo again in Strongest-K 2010. Michinoku would be part of multiple number one contendorship matches for the Strongest-K Championship and also participated in Strongest-K tournament 2011 but lost all. Michinoku and Quiet Storm took on Ryuichi Sekine & Saburo Inematsu in a match for the Strongest-K Tag Team Championship and lost. Michinoku teamed with Kengo Mashimo to become the Strongest-K Tag Team Champions and would go on to win the K-DOJO Tag League 2012. Michinoku and Kengo teamed with Isami Kodaka to become the Chiba 6 Man Tag Team Champions. They would lose the Strongest-K Tag Team Championship to Saburo Inematsu and Yuji Hino. He would lose to Taishi Takizawa in the semifinal of Kaio Tournament. On October 14, 2012, Michinoku celebrated his twentieth anniversary in professional wrestling with a six-man tag team match, where he, Cima and Funaki were defeated by Minoru Suzuki, Nosawa Rongai and Taichi. On April 14, 2013, Michinoku defeated Yuki Sato to win the UWA World Middleweight Championship for the first time. On May 11, he defeated Nanjyo Hayato in a title vs. title match to also win the Independent World Junior Heavyweight Championship for the third time. Michinoku lost the UWA title to Ryuichi Sekine on August 11. On November 10, he once again became a double champion, when he and Kaji Tomato defeated Kazma Sakamoto and Kengo Mashimo for the Strongest-K Tag Team Championship. They, however, lost the title to Hiroshi Fukuda and Shiori Asahi just six days later. Michinoku and Tomato regained the title from Fukuda and Asahi on January 26, 2014. On March 2, Michinoku and Tomato lost the title to Hiroki and Yuji Hino. On September 6, Michinoku lost the Independent World Junior Heavyweight Championship to Teppei in his seventeenth title defense. On July 12, 2015, Michinoku won the Strongest-K Tag Team Championship alongside Men's Teioh.

In November 2018, it was revealed Michinoku had an extra-marital relationship of 8 years with a woman. After this scandal, K-Dojo fired Michinoku from the administration and a one-year payment suspension. On January 22, 2019, Michinoku also left the promotion, working as a freelancer.

All Japan Pro Wrestling (2003–2010, 2017)
Michinoku debuted for All Japan Pro Wrestling in August 2003. `He would quickly join the stable called Roughly Obsess and Destroy (RO&D). He would regularly team up with The Gladiator and Gigantes, which led to Michinoku and Gigantes gaining a shot at the World Tag Team Champions Arashi and Keiji Muto on September 6 at AJPW Summer Action Series II. Michinoku would go on to team up with D'Lo Brown to take part in World's Strongest Tag Determination League 2003 and gained a total of six points, not enough to progress to the next stage. At AJPW Excite Series 2004, Michinoku took on Kaz Hayashi in a match for the vacant World Junior Heavyweight Championship, which Hayashi won. On January 10, 2005, Michinoku took on Hayashi in an all or nothing match where the Strongest-K Championship and World Junior Heavyweight Championship were on the line and Michinoku won. With this win and many more successes, RO&D would dominate AJPW, which led to an AJPW vs RO&D best of three falls match, which RO&D won. Michinoku teamed up with RO&D honorary member PSYCHO to take part in All Asia Tag Team Championship tournament and reached the second round before being eliminated by Katsuhiko Nakajima and Tomoaki Honma. On October 22, 2005, Michinoku would lose the World Junior Heavyweight Championship to Shuji Kondo. Michinoku would team up with RO&D enemy Kaz Hayashi to take part in World's Strongest Tag Determination League 2006 but with only five points the pair didn't progress to the next stage. Michinoku gained only four points in the AJPW Junior League 2006 and therefore didn't progress. In late 2006, RO&D disbanded. After RO&D Michinoku participated in World's Strongest Tag Determination League 2006 and teamed up with former RO&D member Taiyo Kea and gained only five points and didn't progress further.

Pepe Michinoku (Taka Michinoku), El Nosawa Mendoza, and Miguel Hayashi Jr formed a team during the AJPW Champion Carnival called Mexico Amigos. El Hijo del Araya Segundo (Nobutaka Araya) joined the team after Six-Man Action between Mexico Amigos and Araya/Fuchi/Hirai at the Carnival's final show. After multiple bouts against Minoru Suzuki, Nosawa (NOSAWA Rongai) offered Suzuki an invitation into Mexico Amigos, to which he declined. This resulted in the group changing multiple assets. Their name was changed to Mexico Amigos Black, the previous worn Mexican Flag attire became Black and Gold attire, and Nobutaka Araya was kicked out of the group. At the AJPW's December 16, 2007 "Fan Appreciation Day" show, The Mexico Amigos teamed with "Ray Suzuki" and defeated Ryuji Hijikata, Kikutaro, T28 and Ryuji Yamaguchi. After the match, Ray Suzuki revealed himself as Minoru Suzuki and stated the starting next year he would throw his Amigos tights away and return to Nosawa Rongai, then kidnapped him to start early training. This led to Pepe and Miguel stating they would return to Mexico, but Kaz and Taka would return come the new year. After one last "Viva Mexico" Mexico Amigos disbanded.

Between 2008 and 2009, Michinoku would sporadically compete at All Japan, which included Nobutaka Araya retirement show. In 2010, he lost to Kaz Hayashi in a match for the World Junior Heavyweight Championship and would also participate in AJPW Junior League 2010. At AJPW Summer Explosion 2017, Michinoku made his return to AJPW and won the All Asia Tag Team Championship with Black Tiger VII.

New Japan Pro-Wrestling (2007–present)
In the beginning of 2007, Michinoku would team up sporadically at New Japan events with Kaientai Dojo wrestler Dick Togo. On May 2, 2007, Michinoku and Togo would beat tag team legends Gedo and Jado to become the new IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champions. The pairing would defend the championships on both New Japan events but also Kaientai events too. Although holding the championships for several months, Michinoku and Togo would rarely compete for New Japan and only wrestled in matches for the championships, however, the pair would still regularly compete for Kaientai Dojo. After several defences against the likes of Koji Kanemoto and Wataru Inoue, the pair finally lost the championships to Control Terrorism Unit members Prince Devitt and Minoru.

In late 2010, Michinoku returned to New Japan and began teaming up with Satoshi Kojima, Nosawa Rongai and Taichi to form Kojima-gun in early 2011. On February 20, 2011, at The New Beginning, Michinoku took on Prince Devitt for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship, which Devitt retained. Michinoku teamed up with Taichi to take on Devitt and Ryusuke Taguchi for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship and lost. After Satoshi Kojima lost the IWGP Heavyweight Championship to Hiroshi Tanahashi at Wrestle Kingdom V, Kojima suffered another big loss against longtime rival Togi Makabe on May 3 and following the match, Michinoku and Taichi entered the ring and attacked Kojima, who quickly took care of both of them. This led to the surprise return of freelancer Minoru Suzuki, who appeared behind Kojima and locked him in a sleeper hold, before leaving the ringside area with Michinoku and Taichi, who proclaimed Suzuki as their new leader and renamed the stable "Suzuki-gun". Michinoku participated in Best Of The Super Juniors XVIII and gained eight points but not enough to progress to the semifinal. Michinoku and Taichi became a tag team in New Japan's junior heavyweight tag team division. On September 11, 2011, the pair would take on Apollo 55 for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship and for the second time running lost. At Power Struggle, Michinoku for the second time took on Devitt for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship and for the second time lost. At Wrestle Kingdom VI in Tokyo Dome, Michinoku and Taichi teamed up with Atlantis and Valiente to lose to Jyushin Thunder Liger, Kushida, Máscara Dorada and Tiger Mask.

Both Michinoku and Taichi participated in Best of the Super Juniors XIX, however, neither progressed to the semifinal. After their elimination from the tournament, Michinoku and Taichi had set their sights on the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship, but were, on June 16 at Dominion 6.16, defeated by Jyushin Thunder Liger and Tiger Mask in a match for the vacant championship. In August, Michinoku and Taichi began blaming each other for their recent losses, which led to the two agreeing to a match, where the loser would be expelled from Suzuki-gun. The match took place on August 22 at Michinoku's Kaientai Dojo promotion, but ended without a winner as Minoru Suzuki interrupted the match and got the two men to make peace with each other. Taka and Taichi participated in Super Junior Tag Tournament 2012 and made it to the semifinal before losing to the Time Splitters (Alex Shelley and Kushida). From late May to early June 2013, Michinoku took part in the 2013 Best of the Super Juniors. After originally failing to advance from his block, Michinoku was given a spot in the semifinals, after original block winner Ryusuke Taguchi suffered a hip injury. He was eliminated from the tournament in the semifinals on June 9 by Alex Shelley. On July 20, Michinoku and Taichi received another shot at the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship, but were defeated by the defending champions, the Forever Hooligans (Alex Koslov and Rocky Romero). On September 29 at Destruction, Michinoku and Taichi failed to earn another shot at the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship, when they were defeated in a number one contender's match by Time Splitters. However, when Alex Shelley was sidelined with an injury, Michinoku and Taichi were given the title shot and, on October 14 at King of Pro-Wrestling, defeated the Forever Hooligans to become the new IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champions. Michinoku and Taichi made their first successful title defense on November 1, defeating Gedo and Jado at their self-produced independent event. After a reign of 26 days, Michinoku and Taichi lost the title to The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) on November 9 at Power Struggle.

In January 2015, Suzuki-gun entered a storyline, where the entire stable invaded the Pro Wrestling Noah promotion. Michinoku and El Desperado won the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship on March 15 by defeating Choukibou-gun (Hajime Ohara and Kenoh) and No Mercy (Daisuke Harada and Genba Hirayanagi) in a three-way match. They lost the title to Atsushi Kotoge and Daisuke Harada in their fifth defense on October 4. Suzuki-gun's Noah invasion storyline concluded in December 2016, which led to the stable's return to NJPW on January 5, 2017. In May, Michinoku took part in the 2017 Best of the Super Juniors, where he finished second to last in his block with a record of two wins and five losses. From March 2018 until May 2019, he was the manager and occasional tag team partner of Zack Sabre Jr.

In May 2019, Michinoku participated in the 2019 Best of the Super Juniors. Going winless in his first 5 matches, he injured his ankle during his 6th match against Shingo Takagi. He would then forfeit his remaining matches, finishing the tournament with 0 wins and 9 losses. Michinoku would disappear shortly after to focus on starting his new promotion, Professional Wrestling Just Tap Out.

In November 2021, through the NJPW website, it was announced that Michinoku would return after 2 years and 6 months away to participate into the World Tag League tournament, with his partner being his "boss" and teammate Minoru Suzuki. The duo finished their Tag League campaign at the bottom of the block with 0 points, failing to win a single match. On January 4, 2022, at night one of Wrestle Kingdom 16, Michinoku competed in the New Japan Rambo but failed to last till the final 4.

In March, Michinoku competed in the New Japan Cup, losing to Cima in the first round. Michinoku continued to team with his Suzuki-gun stablemates for the remainder of the year in mainly tag-team matches. In December 2022, at the World Tag League & Best of the Super Juniors finals, Minoru Suzuki announced the disbandment of Suzuki-gun by the end of the year. The final match between the faction took place on December 23, where the team of Taichi, Sabre Jr, Kanemaru and Douki defeated Suzuki, Archer, Desperado and Michinoku. After the match, each of the Suzuki-gun members spoke about their memories as a part of the group and thanked leader Suzuki. The night ended with all members posing with the Suzuki-gun flag, only to be interrupted by former member Takashi Iizuka, causing all 9 men to pose in the ring, behind the Suzuki-gun flag, which was raised by Michinoku.

Professional Wrestling Just Tap Out (2019-present)
On April 12, 2019, Yoshida announced that he would be creating a new promotion, called Professional Wrestling Just Tap Out (JTO). They held their first show on July 8, 2019, in Korakuen Hall, where Yoshida (still wrestling as Taka Michinoku) was defeated by Minoru Suzuki. Although the second and later rounds were delayed due to the Coronavirus pandemic, on August 14, 2020, Michinoku won the 'Only Give Up Tournament' by defeating Hayato Tamura.

Championships and accomplishments

 * All Japan Pro Wrestling
 * All Asia Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Black Tiger VII
 * World Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * DDT Pro-Wrestling
 * KO-D Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Francesco Togo
 * El Dorado Wrestling
 * UWA World Trios Championship (1 time) – with Antonio Honda and Francesco Togo
 * UWA World Trios Championship Determination Tournament (2008) - with Antonio Honda and Francesco Togo
 * Frontier Martial Arts Wrestling
 * FMW Independent World Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * Professional Wrestling Just Tap Out
 * Only Give Up Tournament (2020)
 * King of JTO (1 time, inaugural)
 * Kaientai Dojo
 * Chiba Six Man Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Isami Kodaka and Kengo Mashimo
 * FMW/WEW Hardcore Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with TOMO Michinoku
 * Independent World Junior Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 * Strongest-K Championship (2 times)
 * Strongest-K Tag Team Championship (6 times) – with Handsome Joe (2), Kengo Mashimo (1), Kaji Tomato (2), and Men's Teioh (1)
 * UWA/UWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ryota Chikuzen
 * UWA World Middleweight Championship (2 times)
 * Strongest-K Number #1 Contenders Tournament (2004)
 * Strongest-K Tournament (2007)
 * Strongest-K Next Challenger Tournament (2009)
 * Tank Nagai Tag Team Tournament (2017) - with MEN's Teioh
 * Tag Team Match of the Year (2013) with Kaji Tomato vs. Kazma Sakamoto and Kengo Mashimo on November 10
 * Michinoku Pro Wrestling
 * Tohoku Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * New Japan Pro-Wrestling
 * IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Dick Togo (1) and Taichi (1)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 22 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1998
 * Ranked him #191 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003
 * Pro Wrestling Noah
 * GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with El Desperado
 * Tokyo Sports
 * Technique Award (2005)
 * World Entertainment Wrestling
 * WEW Six Man Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Gosaku Goshogawara and Tetsuhiro Kuroda
 * World Wrestling Federation
 * WWF Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * WWF Light Heavyweight Championship Tournament (1997)

title: Taka Michinoku


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Green-eyed Flamingo

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was speedy delete. —Korath (Talk) 01:32, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

Green-eyed Flamingo
Nearly speedied this but I wasn't quite sure. Seems like a limp joke. No hits on Google for green eyed flamingo. --Lee Hunter 03:07, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Article is self-contradictory.  non-sense.  RJFJR 03:46, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Joke/hoax. Kappa 05:22, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, Obvious hoax. Inter 10:27, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with Inter. Speedy delete. Mgm|(talk) 14:40, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As above. HyperZonk 22:44, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. It's had its fifteen minutes of undeserved fame. Denni ☯ 00:23, 2005 Feb 13 (UTC)
 * Delete. Speedy to make it go faster, reflects poorly on this project.  hydnjo talk 00:44, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax/ bad joke. --Idont Havaname 00:58, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Another vote for speedy delete. The author has continued making unhelpful edits, and just created the irritatingly useless dog names. -- Hadal 17:37, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as nonsense. Norman Rogers\talk 00:06, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 03:18, Feb 14, 2005 Jpgordon deleted Green-eyed Flamingo (Hoax, nonsense) —Korath (Talk) 01:32, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Guishan District

Guishan District is a district in northeastern Taoyuan City, Taiwan.

History
Guishan was formerly known as Kulunsia (龜崙社 (Ku-lun-siā)). The name originated from a hill by the Mercy Buddha Temple of Shou Shan Rock, built in 7th year of the Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty. The plains aborigines and Ketagalan tribes were located here.

From 1920 to 1945, Kameyama Village (龜山庄) was under Tōen District, Shinchiku Prefecture.

In 1950, it was renamed to Kueishan. On 25 December 2014, it was upgraded from Guishan Township to a district called Guishan District.

Geography

 * Area: 75.50km2
 * Population: 174,258 people (March 2023)

Administrative divisions

Ching-chung, Liou-kuang, Chung-hsing, Hsin-hsing, Hsin-lu, Kuei-shan, Ta-tung, Shan-ting, Shan-teh, Shan-fu, Hsing-fu, Lung-shou, Lung-hwa, Huei-lung, Ling-ting, Hsin-ling, Tu-keng, Fu-yuan, Chiou-lu, Ta-keng, Fung-shu, Leh-shan, Chang-keng, Kung-hsi, Ta-kang, Ta-hu, Ta-hwa, Wuen-hua, Nan-shang and Nan-mei Village.

Government and infrastructure
The Ministry of Justice operates the Taipei Prison in Guishan.

Education

 * Chang Gung University
 * Chang Gung University of Science and Technology
 * Lunghwa University of Science and Technology
 * Ming Chuan University
 * National Taiwan Sport University

Infrastructure

 * Kuokuang Power Plant
 * Taoyuan Refinery

Tourist attractions

 * Dahu Memorial Park

 * Formosa Plastics Group Museum
 * Guishan Sports Park
 * Hutou Mountain Park
 * Taoyuan Sake Brewery
 * World Police Museum

Transportation
The TRA section between Yingge and Taoyuan passes through Guishan District, but no station is currently planned.

Road

 * National Highway No. 1
 * Provincial Highway No. 1
 * Provincial Highway No. 1A
 * City Route No. 105

Taipei Metro

 * Huilong Station

Taoyuan Airport MRT

 * National Taiwan Sport University metro station
 * Chang Gung Memorial Hospital metro station

title: Guishan District


text:
The Big Money

"The Big Money" is a song by Canadian rock band Rush, originally released on their 1985 album Power Windows. It peaked at #45 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #4 on the Mainstream Rock chart, and has been included on several compilation albums, such as Retrospective II  and The Spirit of Radio: Greatest Hits 1974-1987.

The lyrics, written by drummer Neil Peart, reflect on the power of "big money" and the sheer magnitude of trade in the modern global economy, particularly during the 1980s. When asked about the idea that the song's lyrics were inspired by a John Dos Passos book of the same name, Peart replied, "I am a big fan of Dos Passos' stylistic ability, his poetic approach to prose, but the ideas presented in the songs are quite different from those which he exemplified." Peart also stated that "the only connection is in the titles".

Cash Box said that it has "a huge production sound, a dynamic arrangement and a techno-rock feel."

Music video
The video for the track was directed by Rob Quartly, produced by Allan Weinrib (Geddy Lee's brother), and created by Green Light Productions, using, for the time, state-of-the-art computer graphics similar to those seen in the video for the song "Money for Nothing" by Dire Straits. The video also features the band performing the song on an oversized Monopoly-style game board with the words "Big Money" in the middle. A full-length version of the video was included on the VHS and laserdisc releases of Rush's Grace Under Pressure tour concert film, while an edited version was released to MTV and other outlets, as well as on the short-lived CD Video format, directed by Weinrib.

The car featured in the animated intro has a license plate that reads "Mr. Big", a reference to producer Peter Collins, who produced Power Windows. Neill Cunningham, the album cover model for Power Windows, also appears in the video.

title: The Big Money


text: Template:Madison, Wisconsin

title: Template:Madison, Wisconsin


text:
User:Waddypak

--Waddypak 03:11, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Waddypak


text:
Category talk:Cities in Tokyo

Category talk:Cities in Tokyo Prefecture
The following discussion was copied from a predecessor to this category. RedWolf 03:11, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)

This category should be changed to "Cities in Tokyo" or "Cities in Tokyo Metropolitan Government" WhisperToMe 23:06, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Why? Is the "Cities in X prefecture" scheme not acceptable? Is it a prefecture? Why is "prefecture" sometimes capitalized and sometimes not—which usage is correct? I don't want to think about the amount of re-categorizing that would be involved if "X prefecture" is not acceptable. Is it "X prefecture", "X Prefecture", or just "X"? (But it can't always be just "X" if "X" is also a name for something else.
 * I'm very confused by all this. I was trying to get some categorizing help for the masses of Japanese town and city articles that are currently scarcely connected to anything, following precedents set by people whom I assumed to have known what they were doing. [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 00:15, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * 1. Tokyo-to isn't supposed to be called Tokyo Prefecture. See Prefectures of Japan for an explanation of this.

 * 2. English usage dictates that "prefecture" be capitalized in the name of a prefecture.

 * The precedents set before were set by people not familiar with all the rules of English. We really need someone with a bot to change the links where necessary. Sekicho 11:41, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Cities in Tokyo


text:
User talk:Puckeater8

I'm a student at the University of Winnipeg, majoring in history and geography.

January 2010
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you.--Cube lurker (talk) 21:37, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Puckeater8


text:
Longtan District, Taoyuan

Longtan District is a rural district in southern Taoyuan City, Taiwan. Longtan is home to the headquarters of the Republic of China Army.

The township is known for the Buddhist temple in the center of Longtan Lake and the large Bainien community project. The area is surrounded by high-tech industries and mountains.

Longtan is home to a number of military bases, and a few research installations. National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology and Institute of Nuclear Energy Research are two of the more well known ones.

History
Longtan used to be a rural township of the former Taoyuan County. On 25 December 2014, it was upgraded into a district of Taoyuan City.

Geography

 * Area: 75.23 km2
 * Population: 125,324 people (February 2023)

Administrative divisions
Huangtang, Yongxing, Zhongshan, Wushulin, Wulin, Bonian, Lingyun, Longxiang, Bade, Shengde, Shanglin, Longtan, Longxing, Zhongzheng, Shanghua, Jiulong, Wuhan, Tungxing, Zhongxing, Beixing, Jiaan, Sankeng, Daping, Sanlin, Jianlin, Fulin, Gaoping, Gaoyuan, Sanhe and Sanshui Village.

Politics
The district is part of Taoyuan City Constituency V electoral district for Legislative Yuan.

Government institutes

 * Institute of Nuclear Energy Research
 * National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology

Education

 * Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management

Tourist attractions

 * Longtan Lake
 * Longtan National Speedway
 * Shihmen Dam
 * Taoyuan Hakka Culture Hall
 * Window on China Theme Park
 * Yehshan Building

Bus stations

 * Longtan Bus Station of Hsinchu Bus
 * Longtan Bus Station of Taoyuan Bus

Highway
Longtan is served by National Highway No. 3.

Notable natives

 * Esther Huang, actress and singer
 * You Jih-cheng, politician
 * Teng Yu-hsien, former musician

title: Longtan District, Taoyuan


text:
Talk:Murder of Jodi Jones

Primary and secondary sources
While the court transcripts are interesting, we can only use them to source the article to the degree to which they have been reported in secondary sources like newspapers and books. See WP:PRIMARY. --John (talk) 17:45, 20 January 2013 (UTC)
 * If an edit summary says 'per talk' one would assume the specific edit has been discussed. Making a very general point about primary sources on talk does not count as discussion in my book. Anyway, I don't think your characterisation of the source as primary in the context is correct. IN APPEAL BY LUKE MUIR MITCHELL against HER MAJESTY'S ADVOCATE, SUMMARY is not a court transcript of the trial or appeal. It is given as a source for established facts about the background to the case. Only in respect of the reasoning of the panel of judges for their decision about the appeal could it be called a primary source.

 * The text about his mother's intervention getting Mitchell from a non-denominational primary school into a Catholic secondary school has been removed. Mitchell's defenders say it is relevant to accusations Mitchell openly espoused Satanism that he was a non-Catholic attending a Catholic secondary school. I think it should be mentioned.Overagainst (talk) 19:37, 20 January 2013 (UTC)

 * We should summarise the best secondary sources, and not be influenced by "Mitchell's defenders" or report material that is only available from primary sources. --John (talk) 21:01, 20 January 2013 (UTC)
 * The above link to an official summary that is provided to aid in understanding the appeal panel's decision. The source gives an overview of the background aspects of the case by appeal judges, who are drawing on investigative reports by others. The were not participants in the events. In my opinion that makes it a secondary source. It does not contain any witness transcript or record of what was said in the trial. Please explain why you think the source is a primary source, and less reliable that press reports of court testimony. I am sorry, but the above linked document is a secondary source for what it was referenced for. In my opinion it's quite in order to use the judges' summary as a reference for the background to the case. That includes problematic behaviour in his non-denominational primary school which resulted in Mitchell being at a Catholic secondary school.Overagainst (talk) 21:40, 21 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Murder of Jodi Jones. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100908093813/http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/opinions/2010HCJAC54.html to http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/opinions/2010HCJAC54.html

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:41, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

Dog tracking
Where is there any proof that Mitchell's pet dog was trained to track? 82.41.41.200 (talk) 09:01, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

Article quality
Considering how many sources there are for this article, it isn't in great shape. Specifically, we should certainly mention the many efforts, led by his mother, to have Mitchell's sentence overturned. But, per WP:DUE, this should not be the main emphasis of the article. As far as the law goes, he is a convicted murderer. John (talk) 13:37, 24 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks to for the help in improving it. As always, the best sources summarised fairly will give us the best article. John (talk) 17:44, 12 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Was going to get around to the internal ref. formats, John. Thanks.--Kieronoldham (talk) 02:01, 13 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Murder of Jodi Jones


text:
Fyansford, Victoria

Fyansford is a township on the western edge of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, named after Captain Foster Fyans who came to Geelong as a Police magistrate in October, 1837. It is located at the junction of the Barwon and Moorabool rivers. At the 2016 census, Fyansford had a population of 196.

Fyansford is one of the earliest places of settlement in the Geelong region. Fyans established his police camp nearby where the Moorabool could be forded—giving the name Fyan's Ford.

Industry
The area was once a centre for Geelong industry. In 1845 the first flour mill was erected by William Henry Collins on the banks of the Barwon. By 1859 the population was sufficient to justify a Post Office which opened on 1 February 1859 (closing in 1978). The Barwon Paper Mill opened at nearby Buckley Falls in 1876. In 1895 mill became part of the Australian Paper Mills company, the predecessor of Amcor Limited.

Cement production began at Fyansford in 1890 led by Peter McCann, but it was not until 1911 that a modern rotary kiln was installed. The original Australian Portland Cement company plant was located at the foot of the Fyansford hill between Deviation Road and Hyland Street. In 1918 a railway line was extended from the North Geelong railway station to the top of the hill above Fyansford, and in 1926 the narrow gauge Fyansford Cement Works Railway was opened to serve a new quarry, and the works themselves expanded across Hyland Street, which became the main production site, Geelong Cement, in later years. The cement works were later acquired by Adelaide Brighton Cement, and were closed in 2001.

Transport
The Hamilton Highway runs through the town. The first river crossing at Fyansford was a ford, with the first wooden bridge built downriver by the Corio and Bannockburn Shire councils in 1854, and was tolled until 1877. It was in poor condition by 1898, with load restrictions being put into place. A new bridge was built nearby in 1900 by John Monash and J. T. N. Anderson, the three-arch bridge being the largest Monier reinforced concrete bridge in the world at the time. In 1970 a new bridge was built on the site of the old wooden bridge to cater for heavier traffic on the Hamilton Highway, the 1900 bridge retained for pedestrians.

High Street (now Hyland Street) was one of the first sealed roads in the area in 1933, the road being relaid in concrete in 1937. Deviation Road was built between 1931 and 1932 with unemployment labour during the Great Depression and opened in 1933. Cut into the hillside, the surface was originally of concrete construction. The road opened 54 years after the first petition by Fyansford residents for such a road.

Heritage listed sites
Fyansford contains a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

 * 42-52 and 100 Lower Paper Mills Rd, Barwon Paper Mill Complex
 * 425-465 Hamilton Hwy, Frogmore
 * 67 Hyland St, Fyansford Hotel
 * Hamilton Hwy, Old Fyansford Bridge
 * 150-220 McCurdy Rd, Old Geelong Orphanage Asylum and Common School
 * 20-50 Hamilton Hwy, Old Swan Inn

Census populations

 * 1861 - 227
 * 1901 - 134
 * 1933 - 189
 * 1961 - 238

title: Fyansford, Victoria


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David Baramidze

David Baramidze
Non-notable. 0 google hits for David Baramizide chess or even just Baramizide chess. – flamurai (t) 03:18, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)

Withdrawn. The name was misspelled in the article and I copied and pasted. See this old version. – flamurai (t) 03:23, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)


text:
American Renaissance (literature)

The American Renaissance period in American literature ran from about 1830 to around the Civil War. A central term in American studies, the American Renaissance was for a while considered synonymous with American Romanticism and was closely associated with Transcendentalism.

Overview
Scholar F. O. Matthiessen originated the phrase "American Renaissance" in his 1941 book American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman. The thematic center of the American Renaissance was what Matthiessen called the "devotion" of all five of his writers to "the possibilities of democracy". He presented the American Renaissance texts as "literature for our democracy” and challenged the nation to repossess them.

Often considered a movement centered in New England, the American Renaissance was inspired in part by a new focus on humanism as a way to move from Calvinism. Literary nationalists at this time were calling for a movement that would develop a unique American literary style to distinguish American literature from British literature. Walter Channing in a November 1815 issue of the North American Review called for American authors to form "a literature of our own," which was amplified by John Neal and other literary critics. Following this call, there was a wave of literary nationalism in America for much of the 1820s that saw writers such as Washington Irving, William Cullen Bryant, and James Fenimore Cooper rise to importance in American literature. This move toward expressing nationalism through literature is considered central to the emergence of the American Renaissance.

Criticisms
There are many criticisms associated with the American Renaissance, and some critics question if it ever actually took place. One of the most prominent criticisms is that authors during this period are seen as simply taking styles and ideas from past movements and culture and reforming them into new, contemporary works.

Some critics say that authors fail to address major political issues during this period, such as slavery, even as they had large influence on the writing of the time. There is also criticism that women authors and women's issues were generally left out of discussion and publication.

The notion of an American Renaissance has been criticized for overemphasizing a small number of European American male writers and artifacts of high culture. William E. Cain noted the "extreme white male formation" of Matthiessen's list of authors and stated that by "devoting hundreds of pages of analysis and celebration to five white male authors, Matthiessen unwittingly prefigured in his book what later readers would dispute and labor to correct."

Some critics argue that literature written by women during this period was not as popular as first thought, and that it took a distant second place in popularity to works written by men. Matthiessen and other scholars are even known to exclude women and minority authors, especially African Americans. Critics also argue that there is no separate style or genre, such as sentimental-domestic fiction, distinguished by gender. However, other critics point out that the most read authors of the time were women, such as Harriet Beecher Stowe and Fanny Fern, and criticize Matthiessen for not including women in the original canon.

The demographic exclusivity of the American Renaissance began eroding among scholars toward the end of the twentieth century. They have included Emily Dickinson in the canon; she started writing poetry in the late 1850s. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) rose to a prominent reputation in the late 1970s. African-American literature, including slave narratives by such masters as Frederick Douglass, and early novels by William Wells Brown, has gained increasing recognition.

Notable authors
Most often associated with the American Renaissance movement are Ralph Waldo Emerson's Representative Men and Self-Reliance, Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter and The House of Seven Gables, Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, Henry David Thoreau's Walden, and Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass. Most of the main writers associated with the American Renaissance were actually rather unknown during this time and had small followings.

Other authors were later added to this list and found to have contributed to this movement. These include: Edgar Allan Poe, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Emily Dickinson, Frederick Douglass, William Wells Brown, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and John Greenleaf Whittier among others.

title: American Renaissance (literature)