text:
Talk:Mount Mazama

Future events
Anyone have an approximate timeframe for the events described in the Next Phase? section (and that ? needs to be removed, so I may edit that to something else)? Given the thickness of the walls of the crater and the slowness (in human terms) of geological processes, I'd assume this is several million years in the future, as are any potential future eruptions. I just want to clarify for the geologically-challenged that their hotel reservations for next summer aren't in danger.

I was surprised to learn there is still volcanic activity. I would have assumed that the massiveness of the explosion had completely emptied Mazama's magma chamber, and that by now any magma plumes or subduction zones or whatever had moved sufficiently to make Mazama an extinct volcano, but I'm not a vulcanologist--I just took a geology class in college. I guess 7,000 years isn't long, though (in geological terms). cluth 11:08, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Dubious
llao rock is a dacite flow down a glacial valley, not a pyroclastic flow. Source: http://www.nps.gov/archive/crla/notes/vol10-3b.htm —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.248.3.2 (talk) 00:13, 21 April 2011 (UTC)

I'm not so sure about the statement that the breach of the rim will cause massive flooding. Unless the rate of erosion, once the rim is breached, is comparable to the rate of water release, the water level will simply be constrained by the low point in the rim. Verisimilus  T  13:34, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

 * While the water would initially flow only at the level of the low point in the rim, water flowing over this point would rapidly cut the notch deeper increasing the flow rate and the rate of erosion. This is a positive feedback cycle that could rapidly empty the caldera one started.  It would take a considerable reduction of the rim to even begin this process, so any flooding would likely be far in the future.  The was a similar concern at Pinatubo. --Burntnickel (talk) 23:37, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Yeah, but there is no reference to state such nor geologic equivelant. Only ice dams erode fast enough for these types of 'massive floods.  I believe that without a firmly established reference (IE: USGS), this statement needs to go. And I'm removing it. It's been six months without a reference. --Nukes4Tots (talk) 02:17, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree that without a source it should go; thanks for removing it. Your statement about ice dams isn't true, though; unconsolidated tephra can also wash away very quickly. For example, a massive flood (c. 80 km³) escaped from Lake Taupo after deposits from the Oruanui eruption were breached. (See the Manville and Wilson paper cited there for details.) For a U.S. example, see McGimsey, R. G., Waythomas, C. F., and Neal, C. A., 1994, High stand and catastrophic draining of intracaldera Surprise Lake, Aniakchak volcano, Alaska: in Till, A. B. and Moore, T. E., (eds.), Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1993, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin B 2107, p. 59-71. -- Avenue (talk) 10:39, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

Status
What is the status of this volcano - extinct, dormant or active? In the "future activity" section, it says "Assuming no large eruptions destroy it first" which would suggest it's either dormant or active, but it isn't stated which explictly.

Shouldn't there be an entry for the status in the infobox? Seems like a pretty basic (and important) bit of information. 86.147.160.133 (talk) 09:51, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

 * The terms active, dormant, extinct don't seem to be favorite terms of vulcanologists. However, a listing by Iwatsubo 75% to the bottom, in Volcano and Hydrologic Monitoring suggests it is potentially active.  Other parts of this same summary indicate the last eruption was 700 to 800 years ago.  —EncMstr (talk) 17:26, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

Okay but what's the safety conditions of residents around the Volcano, I do understand that Vulcanologists don't like the term but shouldn't they be an estimated time of possible eruptions? Wiki talker (talk) 14:35, 27 September 2019 (UTC)

Mount Mazama "Recreation section" - yes/no?
Not anything big, but while reviewing the Mount Mazama article, it seemed a little odd that the majority of the article deals with scientific & historical information on the volcano; Physical geography, Ecology, Native History, Eruptive history, Geology. Then the small very last section is "Recreation". For such a well written "hard science" article, "recreation" really does not seem to fit. Much of the same recreation information can be found at both the Crater Lake National Park and the Crater Lake articles which are linked to from here. One would expect this in articles on a park or lake, the inclusion in an article made to feature the dramatic explosion of a large shield volcano almost 8,000 years ago and it's historical effects on nature, geology and the indigenous peoples? Seemed out of place. Not too relevant, but worth noting that people probably don't look up Mount Mazama to find encyclopedic information on recreation. It's be similar to reading about the Missoula Floods hoping to find information on eastern Washington fishing. 😉 Crater Lake and the park are what people would be searching.

But raises an interesting point when he stated, "Given this is featured article and community review didn't appear to have an issue with this section, suggest discussing on talk page to find consensus for your change". I had missed the featured article star. I would certainly feel that if others felt the section fits, it could remain. My feeling is that it makes for a clearer, less cluttered, concise article if it sticks to way it was originally created back in 2012, and continued for many years, without the inclusion of less relevant information already viewable in other articles.

Thanks for your time & consideration. → 72.234.220.38 (talk) 18:19, 19 May 2019 (UTC)

 * ps. ping'n the administrator who submitted this article for its FAC consideration  →72.234.220.38 (talk) 18:36, 19 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I've seen this post as well. I think for the sake of comprehensiveness that section should be kept, we are not obliged to have it on only one page. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk, contributions) 18:52, 19 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for taking time to comment As I mentioned, it's no big deal either way.  Tho, I see lack of clutter and clarity is strived for on the better Wikipedia articles.  That's why this one struck me as odd.  Using the example I pulled out of the air, would one think that sections discussing the fishing and boating on lakes left behind by the millennia-ago Missoula Floods would fit in that article?  As with that one, the Mount Mazama article started out as, and has mostly been over some years, a similar scientific and historic write up on events taking place millennia-ago.  The "recreation" section was a somewhat recent addition.  Just food for thought. →72.234.220.38 (talk) 00:43, 20 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the note! I think it's fine as is, since the section is already quite short compared to recreation sections for comparable volcano/mountain FAs. But I'm not entirely opposed to shortening it if that's what consensus dictates.  ceran  thor 13:26, 20 May 2019 (UTC)

Can we revert to stable version and discuss?
So the intro has said "Indigenous populations have inhabited the area around Mazama and Crater Lake for at least 10,000 years, and..." for more than a year, and it is that text which was promoted to a Featured Article. I reverted once to the stable version, but has edit warred back to the new phrasing.

The stable version's phrasing is consistent with the cited sources. The first one cited in the Human history has an "Original Visitors" section that doesn't say "A human connection with this area has been traced back to before the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Mazama.". What it says is, "A Native American connection with this area has been traced back to before the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Mazama." The next source says "Fiery avalanches sometimes interrupted the lives of Native Americans near Mount Mazama -- (pre-Crater Lake volcano) -- more than 6,000 years ago." It does not say "Fiery avalanches sometimes interrupted the lives of humans near Mount Mazama -- (pre-Crater Lake volcano) -- more than 6,000 years ago." It's why the body of the article says "Native American people have lived in the area near Mazama for at least 10,000 years."Changing the intro to say "Humans have inhabited the area around Mazama and Crater Lake for at least 10,000 years" with the edit summary "to suggest that it needs to be specified that these are of any given race is to betray an assumption that "humans" will be presumed to be of white European heritage. I think we should assume better of our readers" is a creative and novel approach that isn't found in sources or in the contents of the article. Both the sources and the article take the position that it the first inhabitants need to be explicitly called out as Native Americans or indigenous people, rather than blandly lumping them in with all humans as if the distinction is of little importance. The earlier edit summary is facetious and obtuse: "I'm guessing indigenous populations of other species have been there a lot longer". Nobody reads "indigenous populations" as implying animals and plants. If that were the only issue, then why not change it to "indigenous people"?

Regardless, with a Featured Article that has been stable for since May 2018, we should keep it as it was until consensus has been established. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 20:56, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

 * It is rather disingenuous to quote my edit note without admitting the content of your own.
 * We are talking about humans. Anyone with even the least knowledge of human history will know of what race the humans in question would have been 10,000 years ago, so why specify?  We wouldn't refer to the cave paintings of Lascaux, the construction of Great Zimbabwe or the crafting of Jomon pottery as having been done by the indigenous people, although obviously the artists/builders/potters obviously were indigenous to those areas.  This is a case of referring to Native Americans in a manner in which we would not refer to others.  That is discriminatory, unnecessary, and unencyclopaedic. I am frankly appalled that you think it necessary to make a distinction, and that "blandly lumping" all humans together is precisely what any commitment to racial equality demands.
 * "Both the sources and the article take the position that it the first inhabitants need to be explicitly called out as Native Americans" You know what the sources say: you have no idea why they chose a form of words. And if you think that in the context of North America 10000 years ago, you credit the reader with very little knowledge by saying that it "needs to be explicitly called out". The article does not take a position: the article is the result of collective input from many editors, is not frozen, has had many changes since May 2018]. Kevin McE (talk) 21:40, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Disingenuous in what way? My edit summary was not snarky, facetious or obtuse in any way: "this change is inconsistent with the contents of the body, which the intro is supposed to summarize. It is written with awareness of the casual pretense of "history" beginning when non-indigenous people arrived. If you want an article that pretends blindness to white European bias, I'd suggest a rewrite of the human history section on the talk page first". What is the problem? Changing the intro but not the body leaves the article in a broken state. If you want to change the body, you should probably seek consensus in a case like this."This is a case of referring to Native Americans in a manner in which we would not refer to others." Yes. Yes it is. Deviating from what our sources say is original thought."That is discriminatory, unnecessary, and unencyclopaedic." In your humble opinion. Wikipedia does not correct reliable sources. We respect them. If you think the sources are wrong, you have to take it up with them. Perhaps this change would right a great wrong. But, "on Wikipedia, you'll have to wait until it's been reported in mainstream media or published in books from reputable publishing houses."The reason for respecting the stable version of an article is that it very likely represents the preference of many editors. Many have made changes, and yet your diff shows us that in all that time, this wording in the intro was not changed. I made a slight change to accommodate your worry that readers -- whom you say are knowledgeable about history and should be given credit for being intelligent -- will be unintelligent enough to think that "indigenous population" could refer to animals. Even though the same sentence refers to "local folklore", which is something animals and plants do not have. We should probably stick with "indigenous populations", since it's very clear from context and common sense.So it bothers you that native peoples in North America are described differently than Zimbabwe or Japan. We have to ask why you're the only one who is bothered. Why none of the other editors who have worked on this? But more importantly, why none of the sources? If you can show there are any sources who agree with your opinions, and that in fact significant (not fringe) experts agree that the other sources are wrong to highlight indigenous people rather than just people, then I would agree that due weight requires covering both points of view or at least writing in a way that doesn't favor one over the other. I will change my mind if shown sources that support this change. But what I see in the sources is a non-controversy. All the sources are in agreement, so there's no two points of view to balance. We should take a tone and general word choice that is consistent with reliable sources, until we are shown citations that there is any significant dissent. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 01:17, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * We are obliged to follow the facts of sources, not the writing style. Indeed, we are obliged to apply an NPOV, formal tone in our writing style.  I do not believe that redundant specification of race is justified, nor that it is proper encyclopaedic practice.  Kevin McE (talk) 10:27, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Kevin McE, please don't edit war. There is clearly no consensus for your change, nor any attempt as far as I can see to get consensus. As usual, you have just acted unilaterally, in the process upsetting the people who actually produce FA content. Unless you can show consensus for your change, the stable (and rational) version should remain. Jimfbleak - talk to me?  13:16, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Don't tell me what to do.
 * My argument here is an attempt to build a consensus around a less racialised phrasing, based on an entirely sound principle essential to our MoS. What is your contribution doing?  Kevin McE (talk) 13:40, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Which policy or guideline says we're "obliged to follow the facts of sources, not the writing style"? WP:WIKIVOICE and Manual of Style/Words to watch are saying tone and style do indeed matter, and our tone should reflect due weight. Which reliable sources agree with you that the phrasing here is "racialised" or "redundant"? I think the change would have consensus if the necessary support was cited. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 17:57, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I didn't claim to be citing a policy, but clearly we are obliged to use properly derived and sourced facts (WP:VERIFY) but that we choose proper phrasing and tone for that ourselves (as you absolutely correctly refer to). So we have the fact from your source (there were people there) which is properly included in the article, and we have the vocabulary they use (indigenous people) which we can choose to use or not.  And I am suggesting that it would be preferable not to use it, for reasons I have already spelled out.
 * Because that is how Wikipedia works: we might be standing on the shoulders of giants who do the bulk of creating and building up articles, but all should be trying to improve articles where we see something that we believe should be improved. And we all have an equal right to do that, because no-one owns any article.  Kevin McE (talk) 19:31, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * What you’re doing is making up your own reality. The consistent pattern in our sources is not nothing. They could easily use generic terminology like humans or people, but instead they consistently choose indigenous people, Native Americans, First Peoples, etc. It means something. You invert that, ignore what sources tell us, citing nothing. And why? Because you say that’s how Wikipedia should work. How do we know that’s how it should work? Because you say so. I have no idea why you would expect anyone to find that convincing. You’ve made no case at all. The predictable outcome is that consensus will be against the change. I see no reason for frustration or resentment. Any time no sources and no policy are cited, the proposal will go down in flames. Obviously. Right? It’s a predictable outcome. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 08:13, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Of the many problems here, the biggest is that no one is helping Dennis out (apart from Jim, acting in an admin role ... much appreciated). This can have a negative effect, not just on this editor, but on article review processes in general. I'm not comfortable saying anything more than that until I've had a chance to discuss recent problems with ERRORS admins ... I need to find out their perspectives, and I intend to be respectful of those perspectives. But yes, there are serious problems with the process here that need fixing, urgently. It's not much of a contribution, I know, but I don't want Dennis to think he's out in the wilderness here, shouting where no one can hear him. - Dank (push to talk) 18:47, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm suggesting one change of phrase. I don't see how these comments relate to that. Kevin McE (talk) 19:31, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Various people ... Native Americans, certainly, but lots of people ... sometimes feel strongly about what terms are used to describe them. The rules don't make sense, a lot of times, and they change over time, which can be very frustrating for editors. Sometimes editors get stressed over this, especially when they feel like they're being pulled or pushed in two directions at once. Dennis, I don't know if you felt like you needed any moral support here, but I'm offering it just in case. Other than that, I don't have any input here. - Dank (push to talk) 22:53, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * "Various people ... Native Americans, certainly, but lots of people ... sometimes feel strongly about what terms are used to describe them." An excellent reason to use the simplest and most inclusive term possible: humans. Kevin McE (talk) 08:12, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

what does this mean "the mountain collapsed"
How does a solid mass collapse, unless it's into something like a void beneath? If a void, how could it possibly form (do magma chambers somehow drain themselves away?) 2.96.206.125 (talk) 11:47, 4 March 2023 (UTC)

 * Thanks for reporting this. The major eruption emptied the magma chamber and the overlying edifice collapsed because it was no longer supported. I have added some text to the article to clarify this. GeoWriter (talk) 16:04, 4 March 2023 (UTC)

 * That's helpful, thanks!2.96.206.125 (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 22:53, 4 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mount Mazama


text: Talk:Boulder Mountain (Utah)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Boulder Mountain (Utah)


text:
Talk:Mount Nebo (Utah)

Belongs to UTSH?
I don't think this article should belong to the UTSH project, IMO. Just because a state route passes through doesn't mean Mount Nebo should be included; if this were the case, Parley's Canyon, Provo Canyon, and Ogden Canyon (if the latter existed) would all be under UTSH because they have highways through them - CL — 06:09, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I cleaned this up in the same manner as Logan Canyon Scenic Byway. DeFaultRyan (talk) 19:17, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mount Nebo (Utah)


text:
Talk:Kings Peak (Utah)

Elevation
When I was a child growing up in the Salt Lake City area the elevation of Kings Peak was always given as being 13498 ft. After college I moved to northern California for 15 years. When I returned Kings Peak had grown to 13528 ft. One wonders what happened. Was the original value a surveying error? Has the peak actually grown in size due to earth movement?
 * I know there was an adjustment a few years ago, but I thought it was less than 10 feet, and it happened to many peaks all over the US. I wonder if there have been more adjustments. Glennfcowan 14:58, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Apostrophe?
Where did the apostrophe come from? None of the references or external links use an apostrophe. Seems like WP:OR to me. —hike395 (talk) 11:04, 30 November 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Kings Peak (Utah)


text:
User:The Epopt/Submarine articles

This page exists for the Epopt to sort, classify, list, and comment on articles with the word "submarine" in their titles.

Disambiguation pages
Soviet_submarine_K-129 | Porpoise_class_submarine | E_class_submarine | M_class_submarine | T_class_submarine | A_class_submarine | S_class_submarine |

Incomplete but not embarrassing
Mobile_submarine_simulator |

Type_212_submarine |

Spanish_submarine_G-7 |

Ula_class_submarine |

Soviet/Russian classes
List_of_lost_Russian_or_Soviet_submarines | Akula_class_submarine | Bravo_class_submarine | India_class_submarine | Lima_class_submarine | Mike_class_submarine | November_class_submarine | Papa_class_submarine | Tango_class_submarine |

Soviet/Russian boats
(add info from Книга памяти to all)

Delfin (submarine) (need stats) | С-117 (not done) | М-200 Месть (Mest) (need stats) | К-19 (intro sentence) | Б-37 (need table) | К-3 (need stats) | К-129 (need table) | С-80 (not done) | К-8 (sad stub) | С-178 (dates) | К-131 (very sad stub) | К-219 (need stats) | Soviet_submarine_Scorpion |

US classes
United_States_S_class_submarine | United_States_Porpoise_class_submarine | Sargo_class_submarine | Balao_class_submarine | Barbel_class_submarine | James_Madison_class_submarine (needs stats) | Ethan_Allen_class_submarine | Benjamin_Franklin_class_submarine | Skate_class_submarine

US boats
USS Stickleback (SS-415) (who was the commissioning captain?) |

British classes
Dolphin_class_submarine (probably needs disambiguating) | British_M_class_submarine | Swiftsure_class_submarine | Trafalgar_class_submarine | Vanguard_class_submarine |

Horrible -- must be fixed
U 137 (mindbogglingly bad) | Foxtrot_class_submarine (was copyvio) | Echo_class_submarines |

Agosta_90B_class_submarine | Baffles_(submarine) | British S class submarine (is copyvio) | Swordfish_class_submarine (should be British S class submarine, which is a copyvio)

Plunger_class_submarine | Salmon_class_submarine | Shark_class_submarine |

British A_class_submarine_(1903) | Udav-1_anti-submarine_system | Daphne_class submarine | Explorer_class_submarine |

XE_class_submarine | HMAS_AE1 | HMAS_AE2 |

List_of_NATO_reporting_names_for_guided_missile_submarines | List_of_NATO_reporting_names_for_hunter-killer_and_experimental_submarines | List_of_NATO_reporting_names_for_ballistic_missile_submarines |

Unclassified
Triomphant class submarine |

AA-1_class_submarine | Midget_submarine | X_class_submarine |

Japanese classes
I-400_class_submarine | Kairyu_class_submarine | Ko-hyoteki_class_submarine |

Japanese boats
Japanese_submarine_I-25 | Japanese_submarine_I-52 |

Soviet/Russian classes
Alfa_class_submarine | Golf_class_submarine | Hotel_class_submarine | Juliett_class_submarine | Kilo_class_submarine | Oscar_class_submarine | Romeo_class_submarine | Victor_class_submarine | Whiskey_class_submarine | Yankee_class_submarine | Typhoon_class_submarine |

US classes
Virginia_class_submarine | Tench_class_submarine | Permit_class_submarine | George_Washington_class_submarine | Los_Angeles_class_submarine | Tambor_class_submarine | Ohio_class_submarine | Tang_class_submarine | Sturgeon_class_submarine | Gato_class_submarine | Barracuda_class_submarine | Seawolf_class_submarine | Turtle_(submarine) |

UK classes
List_of_submarine_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy | List_of_submarines_of_the_Royal_Navy | Collins_class_submarine | Redoutable_class_submarine | Valiant_class_submarine | Victoria_class_submarine | British_Porpoise_class_submarine | Resolution_class_submarine | Astute_class_submarine | Oberon_class_submarine | Upholder_class_submarine | Amphion_class_submarine | British_E_class_submarine | British_T_class_submarine

title: User:The Epopt/Submarine articles


text:
Kamen Rider Blade

Kamen Rider Blade (仮面ライダー), is a Japanese tokusatsu superhero television series. It is the fourteenth installment in the Kamen Rider Series. It aired on TV Asahi from January 25, 2004 to January 23, 2005. It is a joint collaboration between Ishimori Productions and Toei. Along with the standard insect motif of the Kamen Rider series, Kamen Rider Blade also uses a playing card motif. Each Rider is assigned one of the suits from a deck of cards. It aired as a part of TV Asahi's 2004 Super Hero Time block with Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger.

Blade was later released on DVD by Toei. There were twelve volumes released with the first eleven having four episodes per DVD and the twelfth volume with five episodes.

Story
Ten thousand years ago, a massive battle known as the Battle Royal was fought by fifty-two Undead, each representing a species fighting for dominance over all others. The winner was the Human Undead, known as Category Two of Hearts, giving dominion of the Earth to humanity. In the present day, archaeologists discover the sealed Undead, and accidentally set them free. Thus, a new Battle Royal begins.

Having developed the Rider System, based on the Joker's ability to copy sealed Undead, the organization BOARD (Board Of Archaeological Research Department) equips two young men, who become Kamen Riders: Kazuma Kenzaki and Sakuya Tachibana fight together as Kamen Rider Blade and Kamen Rider Garren to protect humans from Undead and seal them. Also fighting Undead is the mysterious Hajime Aikawa as Kamen Rider Chalice, whose purpose is unknown. In addition, a young man named Mutsuki Kamijo struggles to free himself from the control of the sealed Undead powering his own Undead-made Rider System, fighting as Kamen Rider Leangle.

Missing Ace
is a film released in theaters on September 11, 2004, double-billed with Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger The Movie: Full Blast Action.

Deviating from the series finale, Kazuma was forced to seal away Hajime during their final battle. Four years later, the characters have moved on with their lives: Kazuma is a garbage man, Mutsuki has graduated from high school, and Kotarō has published a book about the Kamen Riders to great success, but on Amane's upcoming birthday, it was revealed that she has become a delinquent without the emotional support of Hajime. The Undead have been re-released, and a new trio of Kamen Riders—Glaive, Larc and Lance—have emerged from BOARD, now led by Tachibana. After recapturing two of the Category Aces, Kazuma and Mutsuki join with the new Riders. When all the Undead are sealed once more, Glaive reveals himself to be the Albino Joker, a white version of the original Joker, and seals Amane in the Vanity Card in his scheme to obtain ultimate power. In order to free Amane from the card, Hajime is unsealed from the Joker Card and the four Riders are again united, intent on saving Amane and stopping the Albino Joker.

Super Hero Taisen GP
is the 2015 entry of the "Super Hero Taisen" film series, featuring the cast of Kamen Rider Drive and the appearance of Kamen Rider 3, which was originally created by Shotaro Ishinomori for the one-shot 1972 manga. Kousei Amano, Takayuki Tsubaki, Ryoji Morimoto and Takahiro Hojo reprised their roles in this film, which opened in theaters on March 21, 2015.

V-Cinema
It was reported from the people who had attended Kamen Rider Blade Special Off Meeting in 2016 had reported that the members have announced the production of V-Cinema for Kamen Rider Blade. Ryoji Morimoto had said that the V-Cinema is just one step away. Takayuki Tsubaki had also told there since there was demand of Kamen Rider Garren's King form in various social networks, there are chances that this form may appear in the V-Cinema.

Specials
is a Hyper Battle Video, wherein a Trial-series cyborg pretends to be Kenzaki and copies the Blay Rouzer, starting a fight with the real Kenzaki. During their battle, Tachibana and Mutsuki are unable to tell the two apart, which results in their humorously attacking the real Kenzaki (shooting him in the rear end and bashing him over the head), before Hajime steps in and reveals the impostor. As with all Hyper Battle Videos, this serves as a device to exposit the Rider's various powers and abilities.

Kamen Rider Blade: New Generation is a television special made of a collection of vignettes which aired following certain episodes of Kamen Rider Blade, following the history of Kamen Riders Glaive, L'arc, and Lance. This is a direct tie-in to the movie Missing Ace.

Production
The Kamen Rider Blade trademark was registered by Toei on November 10, 2003.

S.I.C. Hero Saga
The S.I.C. Hero Saga side story for Blade is titled follows the story of the series after the finale and features characters from Missing Ace. The new character introduced in the story is. Two other special editions of the Hero Saga stories also feature Blade characters: Hero Saga Special Edition: King featuring and Hero Saga Special Edition: Clover featuring. Day After Tomorrow ran in the February through May 2007 issues of Monthly Hobby Japan magazine. King was featured in the May 2008 issue and Clover was featured in the June 2008 issue.

 * Chapter titles

Novel
, written by Junichi Miyashita, is part of a series of spin-off novel adaptations of the Heisei Era Kamen Rider Series. This sequel to the TV series takes place 300 years following the television series finale. It chronicles Kenzaki's quest to end his life as the Navy Joker after three centuries. In one instance, Kenzaki is captured by a criminal organization and is tortured, but still does not die.

Later in the novel, he becomes a war photographer, and all he sees is death. He then enlists in the army for a foreign country, steps on landmines and explodes. Also named are the new Garren and Leangle, Tachihara and Satsuki.

The only returning characters are Kenzaki and Hajime. Kenzaki has a weaker personality compared to the TV series due to living for a long time and seeing a lot of horrible things. Satsuki, the new Leangle's treated the same like the original Leangle, Mutsuki.

The novel was released on February 28, 2013.

Cast

 * (Played as "Hironari Amano")
 * Rouzer Voice:
 * Rouze Absorber Voice, King Rouzer Voice:
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Songs

 * Opening themes:
 * "Round ZERO~BLADE BRAVE"
 * Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 * Composition: Katsuya Yoshida
 * Arrangement: Akio Kondō
 * Artist: Nanase Aikawa
 * Episodes: 1 - 30
 * "ELEMENTS"
 * Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 * Composition: Miki Fushisue
 * Arrangement: RIDER CHIPS & Cher Watanabe
 * Artist: RIDER CHIPS featuring Ricky
 * Episodes: 31 - 49
 * After his performance in "ELEMENTS," Ricky was made RIDER CHIPS' permanent vocalist.

 * Insert themes:
 * Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 * Composition: Cher Watanabe
 * Arrangement: Akio Kondō
 * Artist: Ricky
 * Episodes: 2 - 23
 * "Rebirth"
 * Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 * Composition: Yukari Aono
 * Arrangement: Cher Watanabe
 * Artist: Sakuya Tachibana (Kousei Amano)
 * Episodes: 23 - 30, 47
 * "Take it a Try"
 * Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 * Composition & Arrangement: Cher Watanabe
 * Artist: Hajime Aikawa (Ryoji Morimoto)
 * Episodes: 31 - 49
 * Episodes: 31 - 49

Video game
A video game based on the series was produced by Bandai for the PlayStation 2. It is an action game that featured many of the characters from the TV series. It was released only in Japan near the end of the TV series on December 9, 2004.

title: Kamen Rider Blade


text:
Fort Belan

Fort Belan (alternative: Belan Fort; pronounced: Bell-ann) is a coastal fortress in North Wales. It is located opposite Abermenai Point, at the south-western end of the Menai Strait, on the coast of Gwynedd, in the parish of Llanwnda. Situated at the tip of the Dinlle Peninsula, the windblown, north-westernmost point of the Welsh mainland, the fort is cut off twice a day by the incoming tide.

History
The fort was built in 1775 for a reported cost of £30,000 (equivalent to £0 million in ), by Thomas Wynn, then MP for Caernarfonshire and later to become Lord Newborough. He was worried about the vulnerability of Britain's coastline to attack, particularly because of the recently begun American War of Independence. Fort Belan was the only purpose-built fort of the American Revolution on the eastern side of the Atlantic Ocean. It guards a narrow passage of 35 m width.

In the late 1780s, the barracks were used to ward off raiding American privateers from the Irish Sea but despite its military history, "no shots have been fired in anger from the fort". In the 1820s, the Wynn family turned it into a private fort for themselves, adding a small harbour for Spencer Wynn's steam yacht. Major construction works took place between 1824 and 1826. The watchtower was built in the 1890s by Freddie Wynn, and it housed a telescope.

In 1907, Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey described seeing a dock, workshops for repairing vessels, marine storehouses, winches, and cranes. During World War II, the fort was again used for military purposes as the base for the Home Guard and two rescue launches. In the 1950s it was owned by Colonel Robert Vaughan Wynn. The Wynn family sold the property in 1992 to the Blundells as a base for marine biology exploration. In 1996 the fort was reclassified as a Grade I listed building.

Architecture
The fort's innermost buildings are slightly taller than the 20 ft stone walls. In the centre of the fort is a sheltered quadrangle; at one time, there were peacocks there. Fortified towers are located at either end of the courtyard. Each of the towers displays the two-headed eagle of the first Lord Newborough. Small two-storey houses that were used as officer and privates' quarters line the flanks, commodious barracks for the Caernarvonshire county militia. Approximately 24 cannons form a gun battery along the walls. One of the inner corridors is said to be the haunt of a phantom nursemaid.

Present use
Fort Belan formerly housed a maritime museum and a pottery, before being re-purposed as a self-catering holiday complex. Notably Princess Margaret stayed at the fort for the investiture of Prince Charles in 1969.

title: Fort Belan


text: Talk:Gannett Peak

title: Talk:Gannett Peak


text: Talk:Fossil Mountain (Wyoming)

title: Talk:Fossil Mountain (Wyoming)


text:
Ludwig Häusser

Ludwig Häusser (26 October 1818 – 17 March 1867) was a German historian.

Biography
Häusser was born at Cleebourg, in Alsace. Studying philology at Heidelberg in 1835, he was led by F. C. Schlosser to give it up for history, and after continuing his historical work at Jena and teaching in the gymnasium at Wertheim he made his mark by his Die teutschen Geschichtsschreiber vom Anfang des Frankenreichs bis auf die Hohenstaufen (1839). Next year appeared his Sage von Tell.

After a short period of study in Paris on the French Revolution, he spent some time working in the archives of Baden and Bavaria, and published in 1845 Die Geschichte der rheinischen Pfalz, which won for him a professorship extraordinarius at Heidelberg. In 1850 he became professor ordinarius. Häusser also interested himself in politics while at Heidelberg, publishing in 1846 Schleswig-Holstein, Danemark und Deutschland, and editing with Gervinus the Deutsche Zeitung.

In 1848 he was elected to the lower legislative chamber of Baden, and in 1850 advocated the project of union with Prussia at the parliament held at Erfurt. Another timely work was his edition of Friedrich List's Gesammelte Schriften (1850), accompanied with a life of the author.

His greatest achievement, and the one on which his fame as an historian rests, is his Deutsche Geschichte vom Tode Friedrichs des Grossen bis zur Gründung des deutschen Bundes (Leipzig, 1854–1857, 4 vols). This was the first work covering that period based on a scientific study of the archival sources.

In 1859 he again took part in politics, resuming his place in the lower chamber, opposing in 1863 the project of Austria for the reform of the Confederation brought forward in the assembly of princes at Frankfort, in his book Die Reform des deutschen Bundestages, and becoming one of the leaders of the little German (kleindeutsche) party, which advocated the exclusion of Austria from Germany.

In addition to various essays (in his Gesammelte Schriften, Berlin, 1869, 1870, 2 vols.), Häusser's lectures have been edited by Wilhelm Oncken in the Geschichte des Zeitalters der Reformation (1868, 2nd ed. 1880), and Geschichte der französischen Revolution (1867, 2nd ed. 1870). These lectures reveal all the charm of style and directness of presentation which made Häusser's work as a professor so vital.

title: Ludwig Häusser


text:
Princes End

Princes End is an area of Tipton, West Midlands, England, near the border with Coseley (of which approximately half of the area was part of until 1966), which was heavily developed during the 19th century with the construction of factories. The population of the Sandwell ward taken at the 2011 census was 12,981. Several hundred terraced houses were built around the same time to accommodate the factory workers. Many council houses were built in the area between 1920 and 1980, as well as many private houses.

Neighbourhood
The centre of Princes End is situated on the A4037 Dudley - Wednesbury main road. It includes shops, flats and houses.

The established residential area of the Tibbington Estate and Ocker Hill area including the Glebefields Estate and Moat Farm Estates "Lost City" are part of Princes End Ward for Voting purposes only but not actually in Princes End itself.

Wednesbury Oak, originally a small settlement on the main road leading towards Wednesbury and Walsall, was expanded in the 1950s and 1960s with the development of a large private housing estate, which was originally in the Urban District of Coseley.

Railway
Princes End had two railway stations, but neither are in existence now. One was Princes End and Coseley railway station, which was situated on the line between Dudley and Bilston. It closed in 1962 under the Beeching Axe and by the end of the 1960s the line was in total disuse.

The other station, Princes End railway station, closed in 1916 under a wartime economy measure, although the line - which ran to Wednesbury - remained open to goods trains until 1981, with the final stub leading up to Ocker Hill Power Station remaining open until 1991.

The former section of line between Princes End and Ocker Hill also marks the divide between Princes End and The Tibbington Estate, The Glebefields Estate and Moat Farm Estates "LOST CITY" That come under Ocker Hill and was converted into a public walkway at the end of the 1980s.

Industry
Bloomfield Road has been home to the Angle Ring factory since 1951. The factory's buildings and land have been gradually expanded over the years, taking over a section of the Dudley to Bilston railway which closed in 1968. Opposite the Angle Ring factory stood the British Rolling Mills, which opened in the 19th century and remained in use until 2005 as part of Brymill. The buildings, including the offices and laboratories built in 1959, were demolished in the autumn of 2006 and gave way to housing. However, one of the more modern Brymill factory and office units still stands and although currently disused, has been retained for eventual sale due to its age.

Bloomfield Infants School
Bloomfield Infants School was opened on Bloomfield Road in 1873, later becoming an annexe of Princes End Infants School. However, it closed in July 1967 after 94 years in use as a school and was briefly annexed into Princes End Infants School, but this was short-lived and the building was closed in the early 1970s and demolished a short time afterwards. The site of the school is now a scrapyard, which expanded in 2000 when the neighbouring Kings Arms public house (closed in the mid 1990s) was demolished.

Unemployment
In the 2001 census, it was revealed that 10.9% of economically active people in Princes End were unemployed - more than double the national average at the time. The figure rose substantially after 2007 due to the Late 2000s recession, but was falling by 2015 as the economic recovery accelerated.

Boundary changes
Although the bulk of Princes End was situated within the Tipton borders, until 1966 a significant percentage of the area formed part of Coseley urban district council until 1966, when the borders were rationalised and the whole area became part of West Bromwich borough (which most of Tipton had become part of) and from 1974 Sandwell, which was formed by a merger of West Bromwich and Warley. The historic boundary of Coseley and Tipton had seen at least one building in Princes End being divided between the two towns.

title: Princes End


text: Talk:Mount Arvon

title: Talk:Mount Arvon


text:
Talk:Bear Mountain (Connecticut)

Untitled
Can someone figure out how to get the pictures arranged better? The one of the summit would be better within the mountain infobox, and the other two would be better arranged horizontally below the article text. I don't know how to do this.--Heatkernel 07:19, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Bear Mountain (Connecticut). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110514173728/http://members.verizon.net/grfiv/Personal/Highpoint001.htm to http://members.verizon.net/grfiv/Personal/Highpoint001.htm#frissell

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Assessment comment
Substituted at 09:17, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bear Mountain (Connecticut)


text:
Talk:Cheaha Mountain

Fair use rationale for Image:Cheaha-mountain.jpg
Image:Cheaha-mountain.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 14:53, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

leavers leap
there was a story that the cliff to the west was a well known lover's leap where indian madiens (or lads?) upset in their love lives would throw themselves off the cliff to their deaths ref bluffpark.org

mountain top swimming lake
also on top is a small but pleasant lake for swimming that is a fun family venue... ref alapark.com/cheaha

24.146.191.73 (talk) 18:22, 18 September 2017 (UTC) chief Tuscaloosa 7 ft hi

title: Talk:Cheaha Mountain


text:
1926 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1926 Atlantic hurricane season featured the highest number of major hurricanes at the time. At least eleven tropical cyclones developed during the season, all of which intensified into a tropical storm and eight further strengthened into hurricanes. Six hurricanes deepened into a major hurricane, which is Category 3 or higher on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. It was a fairly active and deadly season. The first system, the Nassau hurricane, developed near the Lesser Antilles on July 22. Moving west-northwest for much of its duration, the storm struck or brush several islands of the Lesser and Greater Antilles. However, the Bahamas later received greater impact. At least 287 deaths and $7.85 million (1926 USD) in damage was attributed to this hurricane. The next cyclone primarily affected mariners in and around the Maritimes of Canada, with boating accidents and drownings resulting in between 55 and 58 fatalities. In late August, the third hurricane brought widespread impact to the Gulf Coast of the United States, especially Louisiana. Crops and buildings suffered $6 million in damage and there were 25 people killed.

The strongest and most damaging storm of the season was Hurricane Seven, nicknamed the Miami hurricane. Peaking as a Category 4 hurricane, the hurricane struck the Bahamas and Florida at a slightly weaker intensity. Much of the Miami metropolitan area was devastated by the storm. Inland, a storm surge on Lake Okeechobee flooded towns such as Clewiston and Moore Haven. The storm was a factor in ending the Florida land boom of the 1920s. Overall, the Miami hurricane resulted in at least 372 deaths and $125 million in damage. However, adjusted for wealth normalization in 2010, the damage toll would be $164.8 billion – far higher than Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The eight, ninth, and eleventh tropical storms left only minor or not impact on land. However, a powerful hurricane in October devastated Cuba, the Bahamas, and ships in the vicinity of Bermuda. At least 709 deaths were linked to the system, with 600 in Cuba alone. Damage to towns on the island exceeded $100 million. Collectively, the storms of this season left over $247.4 million in damage and at least 1,448 fatalities.

Season summary
The season featured twelve named storms and eight of which strengthened into hurricanes. With six of those storms reaching major hurricane intensity, this was the highest number in a season on record, until being tied in 1933 and 1950 and then being surpassed in 1961. There were several cyclones that brought devastating effects, including the Nassau hurricane, the Louisiana hurricane, the Miami hurricane, and the Havana-Bermuda. Collectively, the storms of this season left over $247.4 million in damage and at least 1,448 fatalities.

Tropical cyclogenesis began on July 22 with Nassau hurricane, followed by the second storm on July 29. Only one system, the Louisiana hurricane, developed in the month of August. September was much more active, featuring the forth, fifth, six, seventh (Miami hurricane), and eighth storms of the season. On September 17, four tropical cyclones existed simultaneously in the Atlantic Ocean, three of which, in an uncommon occurrence, were then hurricanes. The Miami hurricane was the most intense tropical cyclone of the season, peaking as a 150 mph Category 4 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale with a minimum barometric pressure of 930 mbar. In October, the ninth and tenth (Havana-Bermuda) storms formed. One final tropical cyclone formed in November and existed until November 16.

The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 230, the fourth highest value on record, behind only the 1893, 2005, and 1933 seasons, and far above the 1921–1930 average of 76.6. ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39 mph, which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here.

Hurricane One
The Nassau Hurricane of 1926 or The Great Bahamas Hurricane of 1926 or Hurricane San Liborio of 1926

The first storm of the season formed early on July 22 about 200 mi east of the island of Barbados and gradually strengthened into a hurricane a day later. At 00:00 UTC on July 24, the hurricane made landfall at Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico, with winds of 105 mph. Weakening as it crossed Puerto Rico, the cyclone quickly regained strength on July 25 as it moved through the Bahamas; rapidly reaching maximum sustained winds of 130 mph, it attained the equivalence of Category 4 intensity—one of only four Atlantic hurricanes to have done so in or before the month of July. After peaking at 140 mph with an estimated central pressure of 967 mb. With such high pressure, it was the least intense Category 4 Atlantic hurricane on record. Based on ship observations, the cyclone struck the island of New Providence, the seat of the Bahamian capital Nassau, on the morning of July 26, with sustained winds of 135 mph. Weakening thereafter, the storm moved northwestward, paralleling the east coast of Florida, but came ashore near New Smyrna Beach early on July 28 with winds of 105 mph. Thereafter, the cyclone quickly diminished in intensity, becoming a tropical depression on July 29, as it curved west-northwestward over Georgia; three days later, it became an extratropical cyclone and dissipated over Ontario, Canada, on August 2.

In Puerto Rico, the storm produced hurricane-force winds and heavy rainfall that flooded all the rivers in the southern half of the island; crops in the western portion of the island were greatly damaged, and the entire island was affected by strong winds. At least 25 people were reported to have died as a result. In the Bahamas, the cyclone killed at least 146 people and produced severe damage to the capital Nassau; it was called the worst storm to affect Nassau since the 1866 Nassau hurricane, also a Category 4 cyclone that struck New Providence and caused major flooding throughout the Bahamas. More than a week after the storm, 400 people were reported to be missing. On the east coast of Florida, the hurricane produced a large storm tide that damaged boats, docks, and coastal structures, and damaging winds destroyed barns and crops well inland; severe damage to structures and communications wires was reported at New Smyrna Beach, where the storm struck the state. The storm also produced heavy rainfall along the coast, peaking at 10.02 in at Merritt Island. One person died from the effects of the storm in Florida. In all, the hurricane caused at least 287 deaths —the fourth deadliest July hurricane since 1492 — and $16.4 million (1926 USD) in losses, at least $8 million of which were in the Bahamas.

Hurricane Two
The Nova Scotia Hurricane of 1926

Early on July 29, a tropical depression formed more than 1200 mi east of the Leeward Islands. Over the next few days, it moved west-northwest, becoming a tropical storm by 00:00 UTC on July 31. On August 1, the cyclone turned northwestward and began strengthening rapidly, reaching hurricane intensity by the early afternoon. The next day, it attained major hurricane intensity—winds of at least 115 mph, equivalent to the modern-day classification of Category 3 intensity—and over the next few days its track varied between north-northwest and northwest. Early on August 5, it reached a peak intensity of 120 mph, based on the pressure–wind relationship. It curved to the north and weakened, then passed about 80 mi west of Bermuda on August 6. A few days later, it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and then struck near Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia, with winds of 75 mph and a central pressure at or below 1000 mb.

Several ships recorded hurricane-force winds and pressures as low as 968 mb, though none entered the eye of the hurricane and sampled the lowest pressure in the storm. The system produced winds of 54 mph on Bermuda as it passed very close to that island. About this time, five ocean liners near each other encountered the storm; some portholes on the Orca were damaged and 15 passengers were treated for cuts, bruises, and contusions. Off Nova Scotia, the cyclone produced an unspecified number of casualties, including the sinking of the schooners Sylvia Mosher and Sadie Knickle. Between 55 and 58 deaths occurred, including 49 from two ships crashing ashore Sable Island. In Nova Scotia, the storm downed trees and electrical poles, damaging some homes and leaving telephone service outages. Crops and fruit trees were also damaged. High winds also interrupted telegraph communications in Newfoundland.

Hurricane Three
The Louisiana hurricane of 1926

On August 20, a low pressure area producing unsettled weather in the western Caribbean Sea, and centered about 400 mi west-northwest of Maracaibo, Venezuela, was determined to have become a tropical depression. However, prior to scientific reanalysis in April 2012 based upon a 1975 report, it was not believed to have done so until two days later. Moving west-northwest, the depression strengthened to a tropical storm on August 21, and then turned northwestward while strengthening steadily. After brushing Cape San Antonio at the western tip of Cuba on August 22, the cyclone then veered to the west-northwest. Early on August 23, the storm became a hurricane over the southern Gulf of Mexico. Later that day, the cyclone continued to intensify and began curving northwestward. By August 24, with winds of 100 mph, it turned north. Early on August 25, the cyclone peaked as a modern-day 115 mph Category 3, based on the pressure–wind relationship. In the afternoon, it struck west of Houma, Louisiana, at that intensity. Less than 24 hours later, the storm rapidly weakened to a moderate tropical storm and curved west-northwestward, weakening to a tropical depression on August 27 and dissipating over Texas.

No known effects were reported from the Caribbean due to the cyclone. On the morning of August 24, the United States Weather Bureau in Washington, D.C., advised that the storm was likely to make landfall between Galveston, Texas, and Burrwood, Louisiana. Late that day, hurricane warnings were issued from Morgan City, Louisiana, to Mobile, Alabama. Although small in size at landfall, the storm caused a storm surge of 15 ft south of Houma and hurricane-force winds in a small area near the center. The lowest recorded pressure was 959 mb at Houma, though this was taken inland and is not believed to have been in the exact center, as recent estimates place the central pressure slightly lower at 955 mb. Along the Gulf Coast of the United States, the storm caused $6 million (1926 USD) in damage to crops and buildings, with substantial damage to vegetation. In all, 25 deaths were reported, although extensive ship reports and timely warnings by mail, telephone, radio, and telegraph reduced the number of casualties.

August tropical depression
A low-pressure area previously associated with an occluded frontal system gradually organized into a tropical system, becoming a tropical depression about halfway between Bermuda and North Carolina on August 23. The depression moved northeastward and dissipated on the following day.

Hurricane Four
At 00:00 UTC on September 1, an area of low pressure about 1000 mi west of the Cape Verde islands organized into a tropical depression, though prior to hurricane reanalysis it was estimated to have formed a day later as a tropical storm. Moving generally west-northwest over the next three days, the cyclone gradually intensified, first into a tropical storm on September 2 and later, based upon a report from the ship Stornest of hurricane-force winds and 990.5 mb, a minimal hurricane by 00:00 UTC on September 5. Late on September 7, the cyclone strengthened to a major hurricane with winds of 115 mph and turned northwest; early the next day, the steamship Narenta passed through the eye of the storm and recorded a central pressure of 957 mb, the lowest associated with the cyclone. Thereafter, the storm for two days maintained its intensity while resuming a west-northwest track. Late on September 10, the storm abruptly turned north-northwest. On September 12, while centered about 400 mi southwest of Bermuda, the cyclone briefly peaked at 130 mph—equivalent to Category 4 intensity—though the cyclone was rather small and observations near the center were scarce.

Over the next two days, the cyclone headed north-northwest again and slowly weakened to Category 2 strength with winds of 110 mph, then afterward curved west-northwest for about a day. As the storm passed west of Bermuda on September 13, the island recorded a pressure of 1006 mb. As a trough approached, the hurricane suddenly turned northeast late on September 16, and over the next three days, while located about 500 mi south-southeast of Halifax in Nova Scotia, it executed a counterclockwise, S-shaped curve. It then weakened to a tropical storm, recurved northeast, and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 22, whence it reacquired hurricane-force winds. The next day, the system weakened and hit Cape St. Mary's, Newfoundland, with winds of 65 mph. As an extratropical storm it continued north-northeastward until dissipating near Greenland on September 24. The storm produced a pressure of 994.2 mb at St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador on September 23, along with gale-force winds along the coast of Newfoundland that affected an Arctic expedition led by George P. Putnam of the American Museum of Natural History. Strong winds in the province downed telegraph lines and demolished a post office in the town of Lamaline.

Hurricane Five
This hurricane was the least intense Category 2 hurricane on record. By 06:00 UTC on September 10, a strong tropical storm with winds of 70 mph was first observed over the open Atlantic Ocean about 1000 mi southeast of Bermuda, but likely formed earlier and remained undetected due to a lack of ship observations. Over the next two days it headed north-northwestward and strengthened, remaining approximately 730 mi east of Hurricane Four. Based upon a ship report of hurricane conditions—80 mph from the east-southeast along with a pressure of 1000 mb—the cyclone was ascertained to have peaked at 105 mph, equivalent to Category 2 intensity, early on September 12, although no meteorological data were available near the eye. Shortly thereafter, the system began turning north and then north-northeast on September 13, followed by steady weakening. At 00:00 UTC on September 14, the cyclone diminished in intensity to a tropical storm and moved southeast, dissipating less than 24 hours later.

Tropical Storm Six
Early on September 11, a weak tropical depression formed in the western Caribbean Sea about 200 mi east-southeast of the Swan Islands, Honduras. Without strengthening substantially, the depression moved west-northwest for the next day and a half, passing north of the Swan Islands based upon weather reports, and then curved northward. On September 13, the depression gradually curved to the northeast, and on the afternoon of September 14 it made landfall southeast of Cienfuegos, Cuba. The cyclone then crossed the central region of Cuba, entering the Bahamian islands in the evening. Shortly thereafter, by 00:00 UTC on September 15 the depression became a tropical storm and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 40 mph. The cyclone then turned north, passing about 15 mi west of Nassau in the afternoon. The weak storm then turned abruptly to the northwest, having been trapped by a building ridge, and early the next day, while centered north of Andros Island, it assumed a gradual curve to the southwest. Late that day, it degenerated into a tropical depression and dissipated over the Straits of Florida on September 17, as the Great Miami hurricane approached from just 550 mi to the east-southeast.

In Cuba, impacts were minimal. The cyclone produced sustained winds up to 43 mph and pressures as low as 1004 mb in the Bahamas. In South Florida, the cyclone did not produce tropical storm-force winds, although thunderstorms produced 1.20 in of rainfall in Miami on September 16. No severe effects occurred and the storm was not mentioned in the monthly notations of the local U.S. Weather Bureau office in Miami. However, its presence and that of the Great Miami hurricane, then of Category 4 intensity and in the South-Central Bahamas, caused confusion in the local press. On the morning of September 17, one day before the Miami hurricane struck, the Miami Herald published a front-page story on the weak tropical storm in the Straits of Florida and included statements by the editors that it was not anticipated to strike Florida; news articles on the hurricane, which was expected to deliver "destructive winds" to the area, were not published by other local newspapers until the afternoon, leaving Miami residents confused as to the extent of the danger.

Hurricane Seven
The Great Miami Hurricane of 1926

By 12:00 UTC on September 11—just twelve hours after the formation of the preceding cyclone—a new tropical storm formed in the Atlantic about 1100 mi east of the island of Martinique, though it probably originated earlier and was undetected; operationally, the storm was not tracked until September 14. Steadily moving north of due west, the cyclone quickly became a hurricane the next day, and over the next three days, while bypassing the Greater Antilles to the north, it continued to intensify to a major hurricane, with maximum sustained winds of at least 111 mph, yet few ships were near the eye with which to determine its path. On the afternoon of September 16, the cyclone peaked at 150 mph, near the upper threshold of the modern-day classification of Category 4, and shortly thereafter passed just 10 mi north of the island of Grand Turk, striking Mayaguana at peak intensity early the next day. Continuing over the South-Central Bahamas and Andros Island on September 17–18, the cyclone, with winds of 145 mph, then struck South Florida near Perrine, 15 mi south of Downtown Miami, shortly before 12:00 UTC on September 18, with its large eye passing over the Miami metropolitan area. Swiftly crossing southernmost Florida, the potent hurricane weakened slightly before entering the Gulf of Mexico near Punta Rassa in the afternoon, and its path gradually curved northwest on September 19. Late on September 20, its path slowed drastically and curved west, making landfall near Perdido Beach, Alabama, with winds of 115 mph and a measured pressure of 954.9 mb in the calm eye. Quickly weakening thereafter, the cyclone paralleled the coasts of Alabama and Mississippi, dissipating over Louisiana on September 22.

Throughout the Bahamas, reports of damage were relatively scarce despite the intensity with which the storm struck the region. However, numerous structures were completely destroyed. The storm was attributed to 372 deaths in the Southeastern United States, 114 of which took place in Miami and at least 150 at Moore Haven, where a storm surge estimated as high as 15 ft overtopped portions of a levee on Lake Okeechobee. Many people in Miami, transients who knew little of hurricanes, perished after examining damage during the passage of the eye, unaware that the back end of the storm was approaching. Flimsy structures built to house workers during the Florida land boom of the 1920s were completely leveled. The hurricane partially contributed to the end of the land boom, which was in decline by early 1926. In terms of monetary losses, damage from the hurricane was estimated to be as high as $125 million (1926 USD). Up to 4,725 structures throughout southern Florida were destroyed and 8,100 damaged, leaving at least 38,000 people displaced. A storm surge of 14 ft occurred south of Miami and winds on Miami Beach were recorded at 130 mph before the anemometer blew away. The lowest pressure was estimated at 930 mb, the seventh most intense in a storm to strike the United States. The storm also produced significant damage, rainfall up to 16.2 in, and a storm surge up to 14.2 ft in the Florida Panhandle. The entire state of Florida lost 35% of its grapefruit and orange crops combined, including nearly 100% losses in the Miami area. In a study of hurricane damage statistics conducted in 2008, it was estimated that if a storm similar to that of the Miami hurricane were to occur in 2005 it would result in over $140–157 billion in damage. In all, the storm caused at least 372 deaths along its path accounting for the revised toll in the United States since 2003. The storm's slow movement caused it to produce substantial effects to coastal regions between Mobile and Pensacola; these areas experienced heavy damage from wind, rain, and storm surge. Wind records at Pensacola indicate that the city encountered sustained winds of hurricane force for more than 20 hours, including winds above 100 mph} for five hours. The storm tide destroyed nearly all waterfront structures on Pensacola Bay and peaked at 14 ft near Bagdad, Florida. Rainfall maximized at Bay Minette, Alabama, where 18.5 in fell.

Hurricane Eight
Twelve hours after the Great Miami hurricane struck Alabama, the eighth tropical storm of the season formed in the east-central Atlantic about 2000 mi southwest of Horta in the Azores on September 21. Over the next three days, it moved north of due east and rapidly strengthened, becoming a minimal hurricane by 12:00 UTC on September 22 and later peaking at 105 mph—equivalent to a moderately strong Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale—on the morning of September 24. For about 24 hours thereafter, the cyclone briefly curved to the northeast before turning sharply to the east early on September 26. Late that day, the cyclone swerved precipitously to the north, making landfall on the island of São Miguel near Ponta Delgada at peak intensity. Curving northwest and then south of due west, the cyclone weakened after striking São Miguel and reverted to a minimal hurricane late on September 27. It gradually completed a counter-clockwise loop through the western Azores, curving due south as a tropical storm, though its cool surface temperatures and enlarged size suggest it might have been a subtropical cyclone then. Just afterward, late on September 28, it hit Faial Island near Horta with sustained winds near 70 mph. Over the next two days, it moved generally south-southeast and slowly weakened, curving suddenly east-southeast beginning on September 30. Turning south of due east, it dissipated by 18:00 UTC on October 1.

September tropical depression
Another tropical depression formed north of the Virgin Islands on September 26. The depression tracked west-northwestward, until curving sharply east-northeastward on September 29. The depression transitioned into an extratropical cyclone early on October 1 and merged with a frontal system while situated near Bermuda. A ship recorded sustained winds of 40 mph on September 28. However, with no other reports of gale-force winds, the system was not reclassified as a tropical storm.

Tropical Storm Nine
Early on October 3, a tropical depression developed in the South-Central Caribbean about 100 mi/h) east of Serrana Bank and the Miskito Cays. It quickly intensified into a minimal tropical storm with maximum sustained winds of 40 mph, the strongest in its life span. Curving west-northwest without further intensification, the weak cyclone made landfall near Barra Patuca in Gracias a Dios Department, Honduras, shortly before 12:00 UTC on October 4. Shortly thereafter, the storm gradually turned just north of due west, and early on October 5, after degenerating into a tropical depression, it made a second landfall over Belize just south of Alabama Wharf in Toledo District. Less than 12 hours later, the cyclone dissipated over eastern Guatemala.

Hurricane Ten
The Great Havana-Bermuda Hurricane of 1926

On October 14 a tropical depression developed in the southern Caribbean Sea about 350 mi north-northwest of Colón, Panama. Strengthening into a minimal tropical storm the next day, it gradually curved to the north-northwest over the next four days, becoming a hurricane on October 18. It then quickly intensified to a major hurricane early on October 19 as it turned northward toward western Cuba. Shortly before striking the Isla de la Juventud south of Nueva Gerona, it attained maximum sustained winds of 145 mph on October 20. The cyclone then continued strengthening, peaking at 150 mph before making landfall on the Cuban mainland south of Güira de Melena. The center passed just 10 mi east of the capital Havana before entering the Straits of Florida about 80 mi south of Key West, Florida. The cyclone then weakened and turned to the northeast on October 21, passing within 20 mi of the Florida Keys while remaining east of Florida. Nearly two days later, about 48 hours after turning east-northeast, the cyclone passed over Bermuda late on October 22 with sustained winds up to 120 mph; Hamilton, Bermuda, recorded calm winds and 963.4 mb in the eye, along with sustained winds up to 102 mph with gusts to 138 mph afterward. Three days thereafter, on October 25 the storm executed a clockwise, semicircular loop to the south-southwest, and a day later it lost hurricane intensity. Gradually curving to the west, the cyclone dissipated early on October 28, though it was once believed to have been an extratropical cyclone as early as October 23.

The hurricane inflicted devastation along its path, causing at least 709 deaths in Cuba and Bermuda. Upon striking Cuba, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and as many as 600 deaths. Several small towns in the storm's path were completely destroyed and damage estimates exceeded $100 million (1926 USD). In the upper Florida Keys and on Key Biscayne, minimal hurricane conditions occurred, causing minor damage in South Florida. In Bermuda, 40% of the structures were damaged and two homes destroyed, but otherwise damage was light in the harbor. While weather forecasters knew of the storm's approach on Bermuda, it covered the thousand miles from the Bahamas to Bermuda so rapidly it apparently struck with few warning signs aside from heavy swells. On October 21, with the eye of the storm still 700 mi from Bermuda, weather forecasts from the United States called for the hurricane to strike the island on the following morning with gale force. The Arabis-class sloop HMS Valerian (1916), based at the HMD Bermuda, was returning from providing hurricane relief in the Bahamas and was overtaken by the storm shortly before she could make harbor. Unable to enter through Bermuda's reefline, she fought the storm for more than five hours before she was sunk with the loss of 85 men. The British merchant ship Eastway was also sunk near Bermuda. When the centre of the storm passed over Bermuda, winds increased to 114 mph at Prospect Camp, whereupon the Army took down its anemometer to protect it. The Royal Naval Dockyard was being hammered and never took its anemometer down. It measured 138 mph at 13:00 UTC, before the wind destroyed it.

October tropical depression
A trough organized into a tropical depression just east-northeast of Bermuda on October 17. Atmospheric pressures as low as 1000 mbar were observed as the system moved eastward. However, by October 18, the depression degenerated back into an open trough.

Tropical Storm Eleven
Around 06:00 UTC on November 12, a tropical depression developed about 115 mi north of El Porvenir, Kuna Yala, Panama. Moving northwest, the cyclone rapidly attained peak winds of 40 mph early on November 13 but failed to intensify further over the next three days. Passing less than 50 mi west of the Swan Islands, Honduras, early on November 14, the cyclone gradually turned north by the afternoon. Curving parabolically to the northeast on November 15, it weakened to a tropical depression early the next day before hitting the Isla de la Juventud in Cuba. 12 hours later, after striking mainland Cuba, it dissipated over the southern Straits of Florida.

Other systems
Reports from the government of the Mexican state of Veracruz indicate that in late September 1926 a tropical disturbance formed in the northwest Caribbean Sea, then moved across the Yucatán Peninsula and the Bay of Campeche to strike Veracruz as a hurricane on September 28. The storm reportedly began with sudden fury at 16:00 UTC and produced unspecified winds as high as 124 mph—if sustained, equal to those of a strong Category 3 hurricane—causing boats to be stranded, roofs to be torn off, and trees and electric cables to be blown down, though the worst conditions reportedly lasted only two hours. The reported storm ruined most of the seashore as a storm tide destroyed the local breakwater, including at the historic Hotel Villa del Mar in the city of Veracruz, demolishing most of the hotel as well as the yacht club there, and forced train service to be suspended. The city was flooded to a depth of 5 ft, but well constructed buildings in the city center survived the wind. Several ships were sunk in the harbor, and several sailors were feared drowned. However, a peer-reviewed publication in 2012, which reanalyzed the 1926 Atlantic hurricane season, did not confirm its supposed existence.

Seasonal effects

 * One || July 22 – August 2 || bgcolor=#|Category 4 hurricane || bgcolor=#|140 mph || bgcolor=#|967 hPa (28.55 inHg) || Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, Northern Florida || || > ||
 * Two || July 29 – August 8 || bgcolor=#|Category 3 hurricane || bgcolor=#|120 mph || bgcolor=#|968 hPa (28.58 inHg) || Bermuda, Nova Scotia || Unknown ||  ~55 ||
 * Three || August 20 — 27 || bgcolor=#|Category 3 hurricane || bgcolor=#|115 mph || bgcolor=#|955 hPa (28.20 inHg) || Louisiana || ||  ||
 * Unnumbered || August 23 – 24 || bgcolor=#|Tropical depression || bgcolor=#|Not specified || bgcolor=#|Not specified || None || Unknown ||  None ||
 * Four || September 1 — 24 || bgcolor=#|Category 4 hurricane || bgcolor=#|130 mph || bgcolor=#|957 hPa (28.26 inHg) || Bermuda, Nova Scotia || Unknown ||  Unknown ||
 * Five || September 10 — 14 || bgcolor=#|Category 2 hurricane || bgcolor=#|105 mph || bgcolor=#|1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) || None || None ||  None ||
 * Six || September 11 — 17 || bgcolor=#|Tropical storm || bgcolor=#|40 mph || bgcolor=#|1004 hPa (29.71 inHg) || Cuba, The Bahamas || Unknown ||  Unknown ||
 * Seven || September 11 — 22 || bgcolor=#|Category 4 hurricane || bgcolor=#|150 mph || bgcolor=#|930 hPa (27.46 inHg) || Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, Florida, United States Gulf Coast || || > ||
 * Eight || September 21 — October 1 || bgcolor=#|Category 2 hurricane || bgcolor=#|105 mph || bgcolor=#|978 hPa (28.88 inHg) || Azores || Unknown ||  Unknown ||
 * Unnumbered || September 26 – October 1 || bgcolor=#|Tropical depression || bgcolor=#|Not specified || bgcolor=#|1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) || None || Unknown ||  None ||
 * Nine || October 3 — 5 || bgcolor=#|Tropical storm || bgcolor=#|40 mph || bgcolor=#|1005 hPa (29.74 inHg) || Spanish Honduras, British Honduras || Unknown ||  Unknown ||
 * Ten || October 14 — 28 || bgcolor=#|Category 4 hurricane || bgcolor=#|150 mph || bgcolor=#|934 hPa (27.58 inHg) || Cuba, Southern Florida, The Bahamas, Bermuda || > || ||
 * Unnumbered || October 17 – 18 || bgcolor=#|Tropical depression || bgcolor=#|Not specified || bgcolor=#|1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) || None || Unknown ||  None ||
 * Eleven || November 12 — 16 || bgcolor=#|Tropical storm || bgcolor=#|40 mph || bgcolor=#|1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) || Cuba || Unknown ||  Unknown ||
 * Seven || September 11 — 22 || bgcolor=#|Category 4 hurricane || bgcolor=#|150 mph || bgcolor=#|930 hPa (27.46 inHg) || Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, Florida, United States Gulf Coast || || > ||
 * Eight || September 21 — October 1 || bgcolor=#|Category 2 hurricane || bgcolor=#|105 mph || bgcolor=#|978 hPa (28.88 inHg) || Azores || Unknown ||  Unknown ||
 * Unnumbered || September 26 – October 1 || bgcolor=#|Tropical depression || bgcolor=#|Not specified || bgcolor=#|1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) || None || Unknown ||  None ||
 * Nine || October 3 — 5 || bgcolor=#|Tropical storm || bgcolor=#|40 mph || bgcolor=#|1005 hPa (29.74 inHg) || Spanish Honduras, British Honduras || Unknown ||  Unknown ||
 * Ten || October 14 — 28 || bgcolor=#|Category 4 hurricane || bgcolor=#|150 mph || bgcolor=#|934 hPa (27.58 inHg) || Cuba, Southern Florida, The Bahamas, Bermuda || > || ||
 * Unnumbered || October 17 – 18 || bgcolor=#|Tropical depression || bgcolor=#|Not specified || bgcolor=#|1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) || None || Unknown ||  None ||
 * Eleven || November 12 — 16 || bgcolor=#|Tropical storm || bgcolor=#|40 mph || bgcolor=#|1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) || Cuba || Unknown ||  Unknown ||
 * Nine || October 3 — 5 || bgcolor=#|Tropical storm || bgcolor=#|40 mph || bgcolor=#|1005 hPa (29.74 inHg) || Spanish Honduras, British Honduras || Unknown ||  Unknown ||
 * Ten || October 14 — 28 || bgcolor=#|Category 4 hurricane || bgcolor=#|150 mph || bgcolor=#|934 hPa (27.58 inHg) || Cuba, Southern Florida, The Bahamas, Bermuda || > || ||
 * Unnumbered || October 17 – 18 || bgcolor=#|Tropical depression || bgcolor=#|Not specified || bgcolor=#|1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) || None || Unknown ||  None ||
 * Eleven || November 12 — 16 || bgcolor=#|Tropical storm || bgcolor=#|40 mph || bgcolor=#|1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) || Cuba || Unknown ||  Unknown ||
 * Unnumbered || October 17 – 18 || bgcolor=#|Tropical depression || bgcolor=#|Not specified || bgcolor=#|1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) || None || Unknown ||  None ||
 * Eleven || November 12 — 16 || bgcolor=#|Tropical storm || bgcolor=#|40 mph || bgcolor=#|1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) || Cuba || Unknown ||  Unknown ||
 * Eleven || November 12 — 16 || bgcolor=#|Tropical storm || bgcolor=#|40 mph || bgcolor=#|1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) || Cuba || Unknown ||  Unknown ||

title: 1926 Atlantic hurricane season


text:
Tsagaan Sar

The Mongolian Lunar New Year, commonly known as Tsagaan Sar (Цагаан сар,  or literally White Moon), is the first day of the year according to the Mongolian lunisolar calendar. The festival of the Lunar New Year is celebrated by Mongolic and some Turkic peoples. The holiday has shamanistic influences.

Timing
The White Moon festival is celebrated on the first through third days of the first lunar month. Tsagaan Sar is one of the most important Mongolian holidays. Originally, it was celebrated in spring.

History
The Mongols of Genghis Khan used the twelve-year animal cycle to mark their chronology. The Secret History of the Mongols written in 1240 as well as many letters of the Khans extensively use the twelve-year animal cycle. On the Year of the Red Hare, Genghis Khan ascended and purified himself on the first day of the lunar new year, wore new clothes, paid respects to Heaven and Earth, bowed and greeted his mother Hoelun and took part in a ceremony in his palace. On the first day of the lunar new year of the Year of the Rat (1216), Genghis Khan distributed gold presents to people aged over 60.

Marco Polo describes a Mongolian Lunar New Year (White Moon) celebrated by Kublai Khan in the 13th century during the Yuan dynasty. In Book Two, Part One he writes: "The beginning of their New Year is the month of February, and on that occasion the Great Khan and all his subjects made such a Feast as I now shall describe. It is the custom that on this occasion the Khan and all his subjects should be clothed entirely in white; so, that day, everybody is in white, men and women, great and small. And this is done in order that they may thrive all through the year, for they deem that white clothing is lucky. On that day also all the people of all the provinces and governments and kingdoms and countries that owe allegiance to the Khan bring him great presents of gold and silver, and pearls and gems, and rich textures of divers kinds. And this they do that the Emperor throughout the year may have abundance of treasure and enjoyment without care. And the people also make presents to each other of white things, and embrace and kiss and make merry, and wish each other happiness and good luck for the coming year."

After the Red Turban Rebellion resulted in the fall of the Yuan dynasty in 1368, the Northern Yuan dynasty continued Mongol traditions in the Mongol homeland. In contrast to the Naadam festival in summer which celebrates manly virtues Tsagaan Sar celebrates the softer virtues of peace and harmony. The color white represented especially by the white foods or "tsagaan idee" (various dairy products and rice with raisins) symbolize purity of intent. In Paragraph 254 of the Secret History of the Mongols the sons of Genghis Khan fight over who will succeed as next Khan. Genghis Khan sits silently as they fight. Khukhuchos speaks up and reprimands Chagatai (whose name, also written Tsagaadai, incidentally means White): "Chagatai, you have spoken careless words that have frozen the warm liver of your good queen mother, grieved her loving heart, dried her oil-like thoughts and curdled her milk white spirit." During Tsagaan Sar emphasis is placed on purity of intent or whiteness of spirit when visiting elder relatives. The greeting "Amar baina uu" (Are you in peace?) is said while the arms are extended with open palms showing no bad intention. The younger places his or her arms below the elder in a supporting fashion, both bow and embrace and the traditional Mongolian "sniff-kiss" is given by the elder on both cheeks. This traditional gesture is called zolgokh (greeting). Quarreling is taboo and emphasis is placed on genuine reconciliation. Gift-giving is central to Tsagaan Sar. A lavish feast is usually laid out to wish for happiness and prosperity in the coming year.

During the Qing Dynasty, the Mongolians followed the "shar zurhai" (yellow horoscope) to determine the day of the Lunar New Year. From 1911 onwards during the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia, the Mongolians have used the Tugs Bayasgalant horoscope which differs from the yellow horoscope on certain years.

In 2011, the holiday was nominated for UNESCO's Intangible cultural heritage list.

Ceremony
The customs of Tsagaan Sar are significantly different depending on the region. In Mongolia around the New Year for example, families burn candles at the altar symbolizing Buddhist enlightenment. Also people greet each other with holiday-specific greetings such as Амар байна уу? (Amar baina uu?), meaning "Are you living peacefully?" Mongols also visit friends and family on this day and exchange gifts. A typical Mongol family will meet in the home dwelling of the eldest in the family. Many people will be dressed in full garment of national Mongol costumes. When greeting their elders during the White Moon festival, Mongols perform the zolgokh greeting, grasping them by their elbows to show support for them. The eldest receives greetings from each member of the family except for his/her spouse. During the greeting ceremony, family members hold long, typically blue, silk cloths called a khadag. After the ceremony, the extended family eats sheep's tail, mutton, rice with curds, dairy products, and buuz. It is also typical to drink airag and exchange gifts. Before the day, many Mongols had to clean their houses.

The day before Tsagaan Sar is called Bituun, the name of the lunar phase of a new or dark moon. The lunar phases are Bituun (dark moon), Shined (new crescent moon), Tergel (full moon), and Huuchid (waxing moon). On the Bituun day, people thoroughly clean around home, herders also clean the livestock barns and shades, to meet the New Year fresh. The Bituun ceremony also includes burning candles to symbolize enlightenment of the samsara and all sentient beings and putting three pieces of ice at the doorway so that the horse of the deity Palden Lhamo could drink as the deity is believed to visit every household on this day. In the evening, families gather together—usually immediate family, in contrast to the large feast gatherings of White Moon day — and see out the old year eating dairy products and buuz. Traditionally, Mongolians settle all issues and repay all debts from the old year by this day.

Food
Depending on the region, food is prepared in a diverse array of forms. For example, the traditional food in Mongolia for the festival includes dairy products, rice with curds (tsagaa-цагаа) or rice with raisins (berees-бэрээс), a pyramid of traditional cookies erected on a large dish in a special fashion symbolising Mount Sumeru or Shambhala realm, a grilled side of sheep and minced beef or minced mutton steamed inside pastry, steamed dumplings known as buuz, horse meat and traditional cookies Boortsog. Tsagaan Sar is a lavish feast, requiring preparation days in advance, as the men and women make large quantities of buuz as a whole family, along with ul boov, a pastry reserved for both dessert and presentation.

During the socialist era
During Mongolia's Socialist period, the government banned Tsagaan Sar after Choibalsan's death in 1952 and tried to replace it with a holiday called "Collective Herder's Day", but the holiday was practiced again after the 1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia.

Dates
The Mongol calendar in the Tegus Buyantu (Төгсбуянт) system is a lunisolar calendar. The Tegus Buyantu astrology was developed by Mongol high priest Luvsandanzanjantsan (1639–1704), thought to be the first reincarnation of the Blama-yin Gegegen (Ламын гэгээн). Tsagaan Sar is celebrated on the first through third days of the first lunar month.

title: Tsagaan Sar


text:
User:Drrock

Geologist B.Sc.H. Acadia University 1987, Ph.D. University of Toronto 1992, presently employed as an oilfield consultant & multi-instumental musician. Interested in expanding Earth Science knowledge base at Wikipedia.

title: User:Drrock


text:
Yermolov

Yermolov may refer to:

 * Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov, Russian Imperial general of the 19th century who commanded Russian troops in the Caucasus War, Russo-Persian Wars, and Napoleonic Wars
 * Alexey Yermolov (disambiguation), several meanings
 * Alexander Petrovich Yermolov (1754–1834), Russian courtier
 * Alexey Sergeyevich Yermolov

title: Yermolov


text:
Rita Joe

Rita Joe, (born Rita Bernard; March 15, 1932 – March 20, 2007) was a Mi'kmaq poet and songwriter, often referred to as the Poet Laureate of the Mi'kmaq people.

Biography
Rita was born March 15, 1932, in Whycocomagh, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Her parents were Joseph and Annie Bernard, both of the Mi'kmaq First Nations, and Rita had four siblings. When Rita was five years old, her mother died, and she spent several years in foster care before returning to live with her father and siblings at the Whycocomagh reserve. In 1942, when she was ten years old; she became orphaned. As a result, she was sent to the Shubenacadie Residential School. There, she was forbidden to speak her native language and practice her culture. She had to face physical and mental abuse until she turned sixteen and finished school. Rita had to learn her native language again by talking with Mi’kmaq speakers (people from her same tribe). Shortly after she finished school, she worked at different jobs in Nova Scotia, and then, she moved to Boston. There, she met Frank Joe. In 1954, she married Joe, had eight children and fostered two boys.

In 1978, her first book, The Poems of Rita Joe was published. Over her lifetime she published six other books, including the autobiographical Song of Rita Joe, in which the poet outlined some of her experiences at the Shubenacadie Indian Residential School.

In 1989, Joe was made a Member of the Order of Canada; in 1992, she was called to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada (she is one of the few non-politicians ever appointed); in 1997 she was awarded the National Aboriginal Achievement Award.

In the years before her death, Joe suffered from Parkinson's disease.

Legacy and influence
Rita Joe has been known for speaking the truth about residential schools, and how it is to live in a "White World" as a Native American. She is also a clear example of an ambassador for people and for promoting Native Americans' art and culture in the United States and Canada.

In January 2016, the National Arts Centre in Ottawa premiered I Lost My Talk. This was a performance based on Joe's poem I Lost My Talk. The film was directed by Barbara Willis Sweete. The performance sparked a light on the legacy of residential schools in Canada.

In 2018, Halifax transit named a new Halifax Harbour ferry the Rita Joe. In 2023, Joe was the honouree of Nova Scotia's Heritage Day, and a campaign was launched to represent her on Canada's $20 bill.

Rita Joe Memorial Literacy Day
Each year, Allison Bernard Memorial High School in Eskasoni First Nation, Nova Scotia, holds a literacy day in Rita Joe's honour, with the "hope that students would be inspired to read, write, and create their own stories" and revitalize the Mi'kmaq language. The first Rita Joe Memorial Literacy Day was held in 2012. Festivities include a writing contest for students and visits and workshops from professional writers and artists.

The Rita Joe National Song Project
Inspired by Rita Joe's poem, "I Lost My Talk," and her challenge for Indigenous youth to "find their voices, share their stories, and celebrate their talents," Canada's National Arts Centre launched the Rita Joe National Song project. The project called on youth from five First Nations' communities in Canada to write, record, and create a music video for a song based on Joe's poem. The videos were debuted along with the premiere of the National Arts Centre Orchestra's "Spirit Prevails," also based on Joe's poem, in January, 2016, in Ottawa. Reviewing the NACO's multimedia performance, Natasha Gautier stated, "The writing is eminently accessible but never simplistic or condescending. [Composer John] Estacio has a wonderful sense of orchestration, evocative but not cliché."

Works

 * Poems of Rita Joe (1978, ISBN 9780920582008)
 * Song of Eskasoni (1988, ISBN 9780920304853)
 * Lnu And Indians We're Called (1991, ISBN 0-921556-22-5)
 * Kelusultiek (1995, ISBN 9781895306385)
 * Song of Rita Joe: Autobiography of a Mi'kmaq Poet (1996, ISBN 0-8032-7594-3)
 * The Mi'kmaq Anthology (1997, ISBN 9781895900040)
 * We are the dreamers: recent and early poetry (1999, ISBN 978-1-895415-46-9)

Honours

 * In 1989 she was made a Member in the Order of Canada.
 * In 1992 she was made a Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.
 * In 1993 she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws from Dalhousie University.
 * In 1997 she was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University College of Cape Breton (now Cape Breton University).
 * In 1997 she received a National Aboriginal Achievement Award (now Indspire Award).
 * In 1998 she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Mount Saint Vincent University.

Quotes

 * "Indians have in the past been portrayed as the bad guys, I write the positive image of my people, the Mi'kmaq."
 * "When I started the first time writing, I was trying to inspire all minorities with my work. To make others happy with my work is what I wanted to do."
 * "My greatest wish is that there will be more writing from my people, and that our children will read it. I have said again and again that our history would be different if it had been expressed by us."
 * "The positive outlook that I have worked on for so long now turns me off the negative. I look for the good."

title: Rita Joe


text: User talk:82.118.120.77

title: User talk:82.118.120.77


text:
Martica Sawin

Martica Sawin is an author and art critic. She is the author of Surrealism in Exile and the Beginning of the New York School (MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1995) and surveys on artists such as Roberto Matta. Sawin was chairman of the art history department at the Parsons School of Design in New York from 1967 to 1985.

title: Martica Sawin


text:
Category:Exhibitions

Exhibitions can be found in museums, galleries and exhibition halls, as well as commercial exhibitions, or trade fairs.

title: Category:Exhibitions


text:
Kumakōgen, Ehime

Kumakōgen (久万高原町) is a town in Kamiukena District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 6,922 and a population density of 12 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 583.69 sqkm.

Geography
Kumakōgen is located in south-central Ehime Prefecture, on the north side of the Shikoku Mountains, along upper reaches of the Niyodo River. It consists of many hamlets are scattered along river valleys mostly covered with forests. Mount Ishizuchi, the tallest mountain in Shikoku at 1982 meters is located on the border between Seiyo to the northeast. The climate is cool and wet in the summer and winters cold with snow.

Neighbouring municipalities
Ehime Prefecture Kōchi Prefecture
 * Matsuyama
 * Seiyo
 * Tōon
 * Saijō
 * Tobe
 * Uchiko
 * Ino
 * Niyodogawa
 * Tsuno
 * Yusuhara

Climate
Kumakōgen has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Kumakōgen is 13.2 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2014 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in January, at around 24.4 °C, and lowest in January, at around 1.9 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Kumakōgen has been decreased drastically since the 1950s and is now less than a third of what it was a century ago.

History
The area of Kumakōgen was part of ancient Iyo Province. During the Edo period, the area was divided between the holdings of Matsuyama Domain or Ōzu Domain. The village of Kumachō was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on December 1, 1889. It was raised to town status on August 20, 1901 and renamed Kuma. On August 1, 2004 Kuma merged with the villages of Mikawa, Omogo and Yanadani, all from Kamiukena District to form the town of Kumakōgen.

Government
Kumakōgen has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 13 members. Kumakōgen is lumped together with the city of Matsuyama, with the combined area contributing 16 members to the Ehime Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Ehime 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The key industry of Kumakōgen is agriculture and forestry. The town was known for its high-quality wood such as Cryptomeria and hinoki cypress grown in harsh natural conditions, and highland vegetables such as tomatoes, green peppers, and rice that take advantage of the cool summer weather. However, due to the influx of foreign lumber and the slump in lumber prices, the forestry industry has been in decline.

Education
Kumakōgen has nine public elementary schools and two public middle schools operated by the town government, and one public high school operated by the Ehime Prefectural Board of Education.

Railway
Kumakōgen has no passenger railway services. The nearest station to the town is Iyo-Tachibana Station on the Iyotetsu Yokogawara Line

Local attractions

 * Taihō-ji, temple 44in the Shikoku Pilgrimage
 * Iwaya-ji, temple 45 in the Shikoku Pilgrimage
 * Goraikō Falls, one of the "One Hundred Waterfalls of Japan"
 * Kamikuroiwaiwakage Site, Jomon period remains, National Historic Site

Noted people from Kumakōgen

 * Hiroshi Fujioka, actor, martial artist

title: Kumakōgen, Ehime


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sikander Farooq

Sikander Farooq
Delete I hate to do this, but it's something that should go into a wiki-obituary, not an encyclopedia. We should set up a wiki-obituaryZantastik 18:27, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I've speedy deleted it. Gamaliel 16:54, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)