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S.C. Eendracht Aalst

SC Eendracht Aalst is a Belgian football club based in Aalst, East Flanders. The club currently play in Belgian Division 2 where they are the defending champions in their region.

History
During World War I, citizens from Aalst played football matches to raise money for prisoners of war. In 1919 Sport-Club Eendracht Aalst became an official football team. After some friendly games in 1923, SC Eendracht Aalst joined the regional competition. They quickly moved their way up through the regional divisions and after moving the stadium to the current location in 1928, the team made it into the national competition in 1932. Only seven years later, in 1939, Aalst were promoted to the Eredivisie (the current Belgian Pro League). Due to the second World War competition was not played for two years, so it wasn't until 1942 Aalst finished its first season in the Eredivisie. In 1946 the chairman died and it was decided to rename the stadium to honour him, from then on it was called the Pierre Cornelis Stadium. That year was the beginning of a very dark period for Eendracht Aalst. Due to changes in the competition format, they were forced into relegation. After this they played in the lower division for more than 30 years. In 1960 they managed to get back into the Eredivisie, but in 1962 they ended last and were relegated again. In 1965, after a bribery affair, Aalst was relegated to the lowest national division. In 1977 they made it back into the second division, with Paul Van Himst in the team. In 1994 the team finally joined the first division again. Jan Ceulemans (manager), Godwin Okpara and Gilles De Bilde were some of the most important factors towards success. In 1995 a new climax was reached when they were allowed to enter the European competition and even survived the first round against Levski Sofia.

It changed its name in 2002 after former Belgian First Division club K.S.C. Eendracht Aalst had gone into liquidation. So they could not get the license and the new team began at the third division level. They played the next two seasons in second division (2003–2005) and are now back to the third division and they are at the 3rd place. While the 2004–05 championship was over, the club needed to know if first division side F.C. Brussels and second division side R.E. Virton were to receive the professional football license to know where they would play next season. While 17th K. Patro Maasmechelen had no license, they were obviously relegated. So if one of the two submentionned clubs were refused the license, Aalst would have had played the third division playoffs while if they were both refused the license, Aalst would have remained in second division. Finally, both clubs did receive it so the team was relegated. In 2011, the name of the team got changed back to S.C. Eendracht Aalst. They've also requested to change the name back to the former K.S.C. Eendracht Aalst, which will be possible in 2012, if they receive good advice from the Royal Belgian Football Association (RBFA).

In 2023–24, Eendracht Aalst won their region of Belgian Division 2 and would have been promoted, however the club was refused a licence to play in Belgian National Division 1.

Stadium
The Pierre Cornelisstadion is located in Bredestraat, Aalst, near the city center. The Stadium has a capacity of 4,500. It was built in the early 1930s.

Honours

 * Belgian Second Division final round:
 * Winners (2): 1991, 1994
 * Belgian Promotion B:
 * Champions: 2006–07
 * Belgian Third Division:
 * Champions: 2010–11
 * Belgian Division 2:
 * Champions: 2023–24

Current squad
Updated 18 October 2022

Previous trainers

 * 🇧🇪 Jan Ceulemans
 * 🇧🇪 Wim De Coninck
 * 🇧🇪 Maurice De Schrijver
 * 🇧🇪 Patrick De Wilde
 * 🇧🇪 Etienne De Wispelaere
 * 🇧🇪 Manu Ferrera
 * 🇧🇪 Georges Heylens
 * 🇧🇪 Urbain Haesaert
 * 🇧🇪 Luc Limpens
 * 🇧🇪 Alain Merckx
 * 🇧🇪 Lorenzo Staelens
 * 🇧🇪 Gilbert Bodart
 * 🇧🇪 Gaston Van Der Elst
 * 🇧🇪 Geert Van Roy
 * 🇧🇪 Michel Verschueren (physical trainer)
 * 🇭🇺 Laszlo Fazekas
 * 🇳🇱 Henk Houwaert
 * 🇳🇱 Barry Hulshoff
 * Tomislav Ivic

Women football
The female team of Eendracht Aalst plays currently in the Super League. and played his homematches in the Jeugdcentrum Zandberg.

title: S.C. Eendracht Aalst


text:
Jamestown 2007

Jamestown 2007 is the name of the organization which planned the events commemorating the 400th anniversary (quadricentennial) of the founding of Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, the first permanent English-speaking settlement in what is now the United States of America. America's 400th Anniversary was an 18-month-long commemoration including 10 Signature Events, hundreds of community programs and dozens of partner and programs and events. Activities took place throughout Virginia, in major cities along the East Coast, and in the United Kingdom.

The 400th anniversary commemoration helped redefine Jamestown's role in American history. Long regarded by many Americans as a failed settlement or a historical footnote, Jamestown's contributions were brought into sharper focus. Jamestown's legacies of democracy, free enterprise and cultural diversity linked the nation's earliest days to contemporary American life. Claims to these legacies were supported by new archeological discoveries by William Kelso at Historic Jamestowne and new scholarly research by respected historians such as James Horn of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.

One of the commemoration's greatest achievements was active participation by the three Jamestown cultures - the European-American colonists, African-Americans and Virginia Native Americans. While major Jamestown observances have been held every 50 years since 1807, America's 400th Anniversary marked the first time representatives of all three cultures developed their own events and messages.

UK events
The Discovery, one of Jamestown Settlement's re-created ships, was replaced in early 2007 with a more historically accurate version. The older ship was then transported to the London Docklands, where she has been moored outside the Museum in Docklands in conjunction with the "Journey to the New World: London 1606 to Virginia 1607" temporary exhibition. This exhibition focussed on connections between London and the Virginia settlement, and ran from 23 November 2006 to 13 May 2007. Another major special exhibition in the UK for the anniversary has been "A New World: England’s first view of America", running from 15 March to 17 June 2007 at the British Museum and focussing on the drawings of John White.

US celebrations
In February 2006, it was announced that retired Supreme Court Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor would become the honorary chair of America's 400th Anniversary. (In October 2005, she had accepted the ceremonial role of becoming the 23rd chancellor of the College of William and Mary, which was founded in nearby Williamsburg in 1693.) The Commonwealth of Virginia made a major commitment to Jamestown 2007 and enlisted the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation as well as large corporate sponsors such as Verizon Communications and the Norfolk Southern Corp. (which itself has a rich Virginia history, being involved in early railroads; the Norfolk Southern Railway's predecessor railroads, including the Norfolk and Western Railway and the Virginian Railway, provided major transportation services for attendees at the 1907 Jamestown Exposition).

The commemoration was launched in May 2007 with the 2006 Godspeed Sail, a visit of the replica ship to Alexandria, VA, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, Boston and Newport, RI. Other major events included Tavis Smiley's 2007 State of the Black Union, the American Indian Intertribal Festival and Jamestown Live!, a webcast reaching more than a million students. The centerpiece of the commemoration was America's Anniversary Weekend, a three-day festival and observance held on the weekend of Jamestown's 400th anniversary (May 11–13, 2007).

In January 2007, the Virginia General Assembly held a session at Jamestown, where a speech was given by then U.S. Vice-President Dick Cheney, and Virginia's Governor at the time Tim Kaine delivered the "State of the Commonwealth" speech. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip attended the main ceremonies in May 2007.

Participating dignitaries included Queen Elizabeth II, President George W. Bush, retired Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, actor James Earl Jones, journalists such as Jim Lehrer, Gwen Ifill and Tavis Smiley, and musicians Bruce Hornsby, Ricky Skaggs and Chaka Khan. The commemoration's major partners included Colonial Williamsburg, NASA, the U.S. Mint, the U.S. Postal Service, the Virginia Arts Festival and Virginia Tech. Jamestown Partners included the National Park Service, the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, and the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation.

Some members of Virginia Indian tribes did not attend the festivities, out of concern over what they perceive the settlement to represent for their people.

Royal visit
In November 2006, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom announced that she and her husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, would make a state visit to the U.S. in May 2007, her first since 1991. She arrived in Virginia on May 3, 2007. Elizabeth II was not only a direct descendant of James I of England, the settlement's namesake, but also the direct descendant of George III of the United Kingdom, under whose reign Great Britain lost the same territory in the American War of Independence.

Commemorative objects
Jamestown is also the subject of two United States commemorative coins celebrating the 400th anniversary of its settlement. A silver dollar and a gold five dollar coin were issued in 2007. Surcharges from the sale of the coin were donated to Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation of the Commonwealth of Virginia, the Secretary of the Interior and Preservation Virginia to support programs that promote the understanding of the legacies of Jamestown.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jamestown 2007


text:
Taimur bin Feisal

Sultan Taimur bin Faisal bin Turki Al Said (تيمور بن فيصل بن تركي; 1886 - 28 January 1965) was the Sultan of Muscat and Oman from 5 October 1913 to 10 February 1932.

Early life
Taimur was born in 1886 to Sultan Faisal bin Turki Al Said and his first wife, Sayyida Aliyah bint Thuwaini Al Said. His mother was the daughter of Sultan Thuwaini bin Said Al Said.

Marriages and children
Taimur was married six times and had six children.

Sayyida Fatima bint Ali bin Salim bin Thuwaini Al Said (4 May 1891-April 1967) married 1902
 * Sultan Said bin Taimur Al Said

A Yemeni woman
 * Sayyid Majid bin Taimur Al Said (born 1919)

Kamile İlgiray, a Circassian woman, married 1920 and divorced 1921
 * Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur Al Said (born 30 June 1921)

A Dhofari woman
 * Sayyid Fahr bin Taimur Al Said (born 1924)

Kiyoko Oyama, a Japanese woman, married 1936
 * Sayyida Buthaina bint Taimur Al Said (born 10 October 1937)

Nafisa Bundukji, a daughter of Khan Bahadur Sadik Hasan, married 1939 and divorced 1940
 * Sayyid Shabib bin Taimur Al Said (born 1940)

He is the grandfather of Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said and Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said.

Sultan of Muscat and Oman
He succeeded his father Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman as sultan on 5 October 1913.

When he assumed suzerainty over the country, he inherited an external public debt and widespread rebellion among the tribes. Between 1915 and 1920, the sultan's forces were aided by British financial and materiel support against the rebel tribes, ensuring adequate resistance but not total victory. An uneasy situation of no war, no peace, existed, with the sultan controlling Muscat and the coastal towns (the former Sultanate of Muscat) and the imam ruling the interior (Oman proper). This was tacitly codified in the Treaty of As Sib in 1920, brokered by the British political agent in Muscat. The treaty was between the sultan and the tribes, represented by Shaikh Isa ibn Salih al Harthi, leader of the Al-Harthi tribe.

In return for full autonomy, the tribes in the interior pledged to cease attacking the coast. The Treaty of As Sib was a de facto partition agreement between Muscat and Oman, serving Britain's interest in preserving its power through the office of the sultan without dispatching British troops to the region. The Treaty of As Sib ensured political quiescence between Muscat and Oman that lasted until the 1950s, when oil exploration in the interior reintroduced conflict. In return for accepting a truncation of his authority, the sultan received a loan from the government of British India with an amortization period of ten years, sufficient to repay his debts to merchants. When Sultan Taimur ibn Faisal abdicated for financial reasons in 1932, the twenty-two-year-old Said ibn Taimur inherited an administration that was in debt.

A United States Department of State bulletin on the sultan of Muscat and Oman in February 1938 describes the situation in which Sultan Said ibn Taimur found himself after assuming power: "The young Sultan found the country practically bankrupt and his troubles were further complicated by tribal unrest and conspiracy by certain of his uncles, one of whom immediately profited by the occasion to set up an independent regime. The Sultan tackled the situation with resolution and within a short time the traitorous uncle had been subdued, unrest quelled, and most important of all, state finances put on much more solid footing."

Abdication
In 1932 he abdicated in favor of his eldest son Said bin Taimur and lived abroad, mostly in British India. In 1965, he died in Mumbai.

Ibadism
Taimur's era was the period wherein Ibadism, the predominant madhab of Oman had played a role in the country's social affairs. For instance, the government which led from Muscat had exchanged letters with the ruling powers of the interior, which consisted of an Ibadi imamate. This Ibadi involvement in the stepping stone in Oman's history that occurred in 1920 was called the treaty of Sib.

Titles and styles

 * 1886 - 5 October 1913: His Highness Sayyid Taimur bin Faisal bin Turki Al Said
 * 5 October 1913 – 10 February 1932: His Majesty The Sultan of Muscat and Oman

Foreign honors

 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom
 * ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India
 * Order of the Indian Empire Ribbon.svg Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire

title: Taimur bin Feisal


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Central Park (skyscraper)

Central Park is a 51-storey office tower in Perth, Western Australia. The building measures 226 m from its base at St Georges Terrace to the roof, and 249 m to the tip of its communications mast. Upon its completion in 1992, the tower became the tallest building in Perth, and was the 4th tallest in Australia from then till 2005. It is also currently the sixteenth tallest building in Australia (tied with the Infinity Tower) and the tallest building in the western half of Australia.

The approval of the tower was controversial due to the plot ratio concessions made by the Perth City Council to the developers. These concessions enabled the developers to construct a tower more than twice the height which would otherwise be allowable on the site. There was also opposition to the Council's decision to ignore its own town planning experts in allowing a large car park to be constructed underneath the site. The building is formed by a composite steel and concrete frame, with various setbacks in its profile, meaning the upper floors are much smaller in area than lower levels. Outrigger trusses at the top of the building and at the various setbacks help to stiffen the building's reinforced concrete core against the strong winds prevalent in the area. The base of the building features a small park, for which the tower is named.

Department stores
From as early as the 1930s, the site was home to a Foy & Gibson department store, which was known by the locals as Foy's. The store extended all the way through from St Georges Terrace to Hay Street, featured a popular cafeteria and "had great areas of window display with island windows beyond the street frontage".

The store changed to a David Jones department store upon the purchase by that chain of Foy's Western Australian operations. By the late 1970s, David Jones had withdrawn from the Western Australian market, and the site stood vacant after decades as a landmark of St Georges Terrace. The site was later acquired by Central Park Developments, a joint venture of the Superannuation Board of Western Australia, Bond Corporation and L. R. Connell and Partners, and in 1986 had a value of A$20 million.

Planning approval
A planned $150 million redevelopment of the 1.5 ha site was announced in October 1985. The plans included a 45-storey office tower, underground car parking, a landscaped park and the extension of the Hay Street Mall westwards to alongside the development. Demolition of the site had started by October 1986, by which time the planned tower had been expanded slightly to 47 floors.

The 1987 approval of the redevelopment by the Perth City Council was controversial. The council's own Town Planning Scheme imposed a limit on the number of parking bays in the central business district to ensure that the city streets could handle increased traffic levels coming from extra parking. Under the Scheme the site was only entitled to 300 car-parking bays. The developers sought approval for 1,175 car-parking bays, which Council planning experts had said would cause traffic to back up to King Street waiting for entry. The Council wanted the developers to consider constructing a road tunnel from Mounts Bay Road to the underground parking to reduce traffic congestion around the tower, however the developers only agreed to consider building a pedestrian underpass beneath St Georges Terrace.

The final planning approval for the redevelopment was ultimately passed by the Council in an 18–9 decision on 19 October 1987, after a discussion of over two hours. The Council made various planning concessions to allow the development to have 1,175 car-parking bays and exceed the allowable plot ratio. The Council allowed the developers to transfer 15 storeys worth of plot ratio from the landscaped park at the corner of William and Hay streets, and gave bonuses of 10 storeys for actually building the park and 4 storeys for the public space and the quality of the development. As a result, more than half of the tower's eventual 51 floors came from these planning concessions. Councillors Peter Gallagher, Les Johnston and Michael Hale argued that the approval of the redevelopment set a "dangerous precedent", and the State's Planning Minister Bob Pearce said that the building was "too big" and that the Council should not have granted the extra parking bays to the developers. At the time of the planning approval, the site was owned by AMP, the Reserve Bank of Australia and Central Park Developments (the Bond-Connell corporation). The State Government approved the plans in November 1987 and the construction contract was awarded to Multiplex.

Construction: 1988 to 1992
Construction on the tower started in 1988, with South Perth firm Bruechle Gilchrist & Evans as the project engineers. The building was constructed in a modular method, whereby floor slabs were pre-cast off-site and simply dropped into the steel frame of the tower as construction progressed. Over 60000 m2 of pre-cast floor units, both rectangular and triangular, were supplied for use in Central Park, the largest such contract ever awarded to an Australian company. The modular construction principle even extended to the restrooms of the tower: they arrived on the building site as completely enclosed modules, ready to be fixed into position on each floor and have external services connected.

Major structural work on Central Park concluded with the installation in 1992 of its communications mast. The first tenants, accounting firm BDO Nelson Parkhill, moved into their offices in May 1992, followed by further tenants including Ernst & Young in December 1992. Following structural completion of the tower, the public park was landscaped in early 1993.

Construction of Central Park cost $186.5 million, and upon completion the building overtook 108 St Georges Terrace as the tallest skyscraper in Perth. It was also the city's largest office tower by combined floor area, a title which was taken by QV.1 when that building opened in 1994.

Post-construction
Since its completion, Central Park has been regarded as one of Perth's leading premium office towers. However, in the years following its opening Central Park faced a sluggish office rental market and experienced high vacancy rates for several years. The tower now has a stated 66500 m2 of office and retail space across 51 occupied floors. Major current tenants are Rio Tinto and WeWork. St George Bank also occupies some space in the building and in mid-2007 the St George logo was installed at the top of the tower and was removed in mid-2014. In mid-2015 the Rio Tinto logo was installed on the top four sides of the tower.

In September 1999, high winds during a heavy storm resulted in the dislodgement of some domes in the canopy over the building's forecourt. This led to the closure of St Georges Terrace entrance as a safety precaution. The building's then-owner, the Government Employees Superannuation Board, subsequently initiated legal action against the tower's builder Multiplex.

Since 2001, the tower has played host to an annual stair climb race up 53 flights of stairs to the roof. In 2008 the event raised $103,719 for MS Australia.

Central Park has remained the tallest building in Perth since its completion.

Design
Central Park was the fourth and largest stage in the plan by architects Forbes & Fitzhardinge for the surrounding commercial precinct, which included the AMP Building, the Commonwealth Bank building and the Wesley Centre. The design of the tower changed several times as the prospect of different planning concessions changed. The building as ultimately constructed measures 226 m from St Georges Terrace to the roof of the mechanical penthouse, and 249 m to the tip of its communications antenna.

The tower has a composite steel and concrete frame featuring a pre-stressed, reinforced slip-form concrete core, which is stiffened by an outrigger truss at the top of the tower and at the various side setbacks. At the time of its completion, Central Park was the tallest core-stiffened building in Australia. The core stiffening method minimises the sway of the building in winds, which even after the core stiffening is around 30 cm at the tower's top.

The use of a service core structure for the building minimised the number of internal columns that were needed, with only two on the largest floors, which maximised usable space. The 1200 mm diameter columns for the tower are made of composite steel and concrete, encased within a permanent formwork of Spiroduct tubing. The pre-cast floor slabs are supported by fire-treated steel beams and provided with a composite action by in-situ topping.

The profile of the building has multiple setbacks, to provide for variable floor areas to cater to the needs of different tenants. The plan of the tower is based upon a square, with triangular wings extending from opposite sides. The building was oriented to make best use of the relatively narrow frontage onto St Georges Terrace. The tower is clad with aluminium and glass curtain walls. The building has 5,000 sheets of glass, which get cleaned twice per year. Because of high winds, it can take up to 3 months to complete one window-washing circuit of the building. To clean the exterior faces of the building, the window cleaners have to move vertically over 10 km.

Central Park was noted upon its opening for being technologically advanced, with "fully computerised air conditioning", which uses data from 1,400 sensors on each floor to regulate temperatures in an energy-efficient way. From its uppermost floors, there are views out to Kings Park and the Indian Ocean. However, members of the public are not permitted to observe from the building except on designated charity days.

The podium of the building is clad with stone to complement the surrounding street frontages, and the foyer is decorated with murals by artist Brian McKay on 223 m2 of aluminium wall panels. In addition to the 64000 m2 of office space, 3000 m2 of retail space and 1,030 basement car-parking bays in the project at completion, the site also includes a 5000 m2 landscaped park, which leads towards the intended focal point of the precinct, the restored Wesley Church on the opposite side of Hay Street. The architects intended the park to act as a "breathing space in the hard linear nature of the Hay Street Mall". The park contains sunken seated areas and raised grassed areas, as well as a fountain as the centrepiece. There is also a fountain and a large plaza area which provides a pedestrian thoroughfare to St Georges Terrace. It has been variously described as "magnificent", "one of the few green strips in the city outside the grassed area on the river foreshore", the "green lungs of the city", and "a backyard-sized patch of grass".

title: Central Park (skyscraper)


text:
User talk:Wizardswand

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Super-Magician | Talk 16:41, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Wizardswand


text:
Talk:Weather modification

Earthquakes
what about control of other natural disasters? i can't think how to work that into either this or its own article, but i'm very interested in stuff like venting geothermal pressure to avoid tectonic stress and earthquakes.. and stuff.
 * Plate tectonics isn't meteorology. Sign your posts. Purplefeltangel 19:32, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Revert and cloud seeding trails
There is some text a bit confusing in the section Conspiracy theories which state, "The chemtrail conspiracy theory supposes that jet contrails are chemically altered to modify the weather and other phenomena." As it is, it reads as if weather modification by seeding clouds is a conspiracy theory. Adding to it also because cloud seeding is a technique that can make use of planes dispersing chemicals in the air. I removed the text and wrote the edit summary, "removed text at odds with current scientific development (contrails explicitly shown in news segment for cloud seeding https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9zFTsFFcWc)".

This was reverted by User:AndyTheGrump, with the rationale, "Restore sourced content - Wikipedia doesn't base articles on what a contributor saw on YouTube". Per WP:YOUTUBE, "Links should be evaluated for inclusion with due care on a case-by-case basis." Although I removed text, the point of the guidance is that the link should be evaluated and not dismissed only because it is from YouTube.

The video of Good Morning America features a meteorologist explaining cloud seeding and shows an airplane making a trail resembling a contrail (starting at 1:04) and dropping a payload of chemicals into a cloud. I don't know how long can those trails be, how long they last or if they are noticeable from the ground. I suggest rewording the text to reflect this technology and avoid confusion. Regards, Thinker78  (talk) 05:49, 29 April 2023 (UTC)

 * The only confusion here appears to be on your part. You link a news report showing standard aerial cloud-seeding technology using flares. Technology that has been around for decades. It says nothing about contrails. It doesn't show contrails. It has no bearing on conspiracy-theory claims that contrails routinely produced by high-flying aircraft as a consequence of burning hydrocarbon fuels in the cold upper atmosphere are being used to covertly distribute chemical substances for nefarious purposes. AndyTheGrump (talk) 08:48, 29 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Well, it is evident that you don't share my opinion, but again that is your opinion and I won't try to patronize it. Instead I will be collegial, per WP:CIVIL.
 * I see some vapor-like trail coming out of the devices in the wing of the plane, which is similar to contrails. Given that such trails in the video are chemical in nature as opposed to contrails, there might be some confusion because as the current text states, The chemtrail conspiracy theory supposes that jet contrails are chemically altered to modify the weather and other phenomena.
 * Literally, this article (Weather modification) is about weather modification, including cloud seeding, which can use planes to disperse chemicals in clouds. Therefore, the mentioned text as it is seems to be confusing and contradictory because it is implying that weather modification using chemicals and planes is a conspiracy theory. Sincerely, Thinker78  (talk) 21:24, 29 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Contrails don't come out of flare tubes. They form from the water vapour found in jet exhaust. And given how much else is said in the article about cloud seeding, I can't see how anyone reading it could think that weather modification is a conspiracy theory. There are conspiracy theories about weather modification, certainly. Including conspiracy theories which claim that contrails are being used to disperse chemicals, which your edit removed all mention of. Possibly the wording could be improved, but that isn't the way to do it. AndyTheGrump (talk) 21:43, 29 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your reply. I have seen a few times on diverse platforms users deriding the concept that weather can be modified and they flat out say thinking that is a conspiracy theory. Also, I have to point out that I didn't say that contrails come out of flare tubes. I instead stated "which is similar to contrails". I think you are illustrating how readers can get confused.
 * "Possibly the wording could be improved, but that isn't the way to do it." It is a good compromise, I do think the wording needs to be improved. Regards, Thinker78  (talk) 21:59, 29 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I've no idea where you've seen claims that weather modification doesn't work, but this article (and the cloud seeding one) says that seeding appears to, to a limited extent. And if people are getting misinformation elsewhere, the way to rectify it is by getting it right here. Which includes not confusing the tech used for seeding with contrails. There really isn't much scope for confusion, and the claim that they are 'similar' seems to be all your own. Seeding is done using specialist equipment, on specialised aircraft, for short periods, at a specific targeted location. Any hydrocarbon-powered aircraft is going to produce contrails, continuously, in the right atmospheric conditions, due to simple chemistry - burning a hydrocarbon fuel produces H2O and CO2 (and if done efficiently, would ideally produce little else) - and simple physics - the water vapour turns to ice crystals in the cold, dry upper atmosphere. If conspiracy theorists mistake that for cloud seeding, or anything else, they are simply wrong. And we need to say so, explicitly. AndyTheGrump (talk) 23:27, 29 April 2023 (UTC)
 * From your analysis it looks like you are assuming people reading these articles are familiar with the topics and with technical details. I think it is better to assume they are not familiar with the topic and they are reading to inform themselves. Therefore, information needs to be clear, in plain English as far as possible, and not confusing. Regards, Thinker78  (talk) 04:53, 30 April 2023 (UTC)
 * How did removing pertinent information from the article make anything clear? AndyTheGrump (talk) 12:23, 30 April 2023 (UTC)
 * By removing confusion. You are going back to square one though. I addressed this in my original comment. I think it is time to seek dispute resolution. Regards, Thinker78  (talk) 18:39, 30 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Fine by me: if you can give a clear explanation of what exactly this dispute is about, it may actually lead somewhere. AndyTheGrump (talk) 19:18, 30 April 2023 (UTC)
 * well I think you're wrong & apparently so do many others on this talk page & the talk page in question of chemtrails. It is unfair to revert an edit of merit without discussion based merely on YouTube is not a source. Thinker78 is correct how the page's narrative is a direct contradiction to weather modification not being a conspiracy theory.
 * Wikipedia has attempted to dispell critical thinking in regards to circumstances with evidence by casting narratives that downplay arguments using phrases like "for nefarious purposes" or "contrails". Many of these narratives are in contrast to what people actually consider a "chemtrail". Cloud seeding could indeed be considered chemtrails in a literal sense. Cloud seeding is done with chemicals. That is a fact. It is not a conspiracy. Thank you. B1blazin (talk) 02:10, 18 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Weather modification


text:
Newton da Costa

Newton Carneiro Affonso da Costa (16 September 1929 – 16 April 2024) was a Brazilian mathematician, logician, and philosopher. Born in Curitiba, he studied engineering and mathematics at the Federal University of Paraná in Curitiba and the title of his 1961 Ph.D. dissertation was Topological spaces and continuous functions.

Paraconsistency
Da Costa's international recognition came especially through his work on paraconsistent logic and its application to various fields such as philosophy, law, computing, and artificial intelligence. He was one of the founders of this non-classical logic. In addition, he constructed the theory of quasi-truth that constitutes a generalization of Alfred Tarski's theory of truth, and applied it to the foundations of science.

Other fields; foundations of physics
The scope of his research also includes model theory, generalized Galois theory, axiomatic foundations of quantum theory and relativity, complexity theory, and abstract logics. Da Costa significantly contributed to the philosophy of logic, paraconsistent modal logics, ontology, and philosophy of science. He served as the President of the Brazilian Association of Logic and the Director of the Institute of Mathematics at the University of São Paulo. He received many awards and held numerous visiting scholarships at universities and centers of research in all continents.

Da Costa and physicist Francisco Antônio Dória axiomatized large portions of classical physics with the help of Patrick Suppes' predicates. They used that technique to show that for the axiomatized version of dynamical systems theory, chaotic properties of those systems are undecidable and Gödel-incomplete, that is, a sentence like X is chaotic is undecidable within that axiomatics. They later exhibited similar results for systems in other areas, such as mathematical economics.

Da Costa believes that the significant progress in the field of logic will give rise to new fundamental developments in computing and technology, especially in connection with non-classical logics and their applications.

Variable-binding term operators
Da Costa was co-discoverer of the truth-set principle and co-creator of the classical logic of variable-binding term operators—both with John Corcoran. He is also co-author with Chris Mortensen of the definitive pre-1980 history of variable-binding term operators in classical first-order logic: “Notes on the theory of variable-binding term operators”, History and Philosophy of Logic, vol.4 (1983) 63–72.

P = NP
Together with Francisco Antônio Dória, Da Costa published two papers with conditional relative proofs of the consistency of P = NP with the usual set-theoretic axioms ZFC. The results they obtain are similar to the results of DeMillo and Lipton (consistency of P = NP with fragments of arithmetic) and those of Sazonov and Maté (conditional proofs of the consistency of P = NP with strong systems).

Basically da Costa and Doria define a formal sentence [P = NP]' which is the same as P = NP in the standard model for arithmetic; however, because [P = NP]' by its very definition includes a disjunct that is not refutable in ZFC, [P = NP]' is not refutable in ZFC, so ZFC + [P = NP]' is consistent (assuming that ZFC is). The paper then continues by an informal proof of the implication
 * If ZFC + [P = NP]' is consistent, then so is ZFC + [P = NP].

However, a review by Ralf Schindler points out that this last step is too short and contains a gap. A recently published (2006) clarification by the authors shows that their intent was to exhibit a conditional result that was dependent on what they call  a "naïvely plausible condition". The 2003 conditional result can be reformulated, according to da Costa and Doria 2006, as
 * If ZFC + [P = NP]' is ω-consistent, then ZFC + [P = NP] is consistent.

So far no formal argument has been constructed to show that ZFC + [P = NP]' is ω-consistent.

In his reviews for Mathematical Reviews of the da Costa/Doria papers on P=NP, logician Andreas Blass states that "the absence of rigor led to numerous errors (and ambiguities)"; he also rejects  da Costa's "naïvely plausible condition", as this assumption is "based partly on the possible non-totality of [a certain function] F and partly on an axiom equivalent to the totality of F".

Death
Da Costa died on 16 April 2024, at the age of 94.

Articles and lectures

 * N.C.A. da Costa, Sistemas Formais Inconsistentes. Curitiba, Brazil: Universidade Federal do Paraná, 1963.
 * N.C.A. da Costa, Review of the article by Corcoran, Hatcher, and Herring on variable-binding term operators, Zentralblat fur Mathematik, vol. 247, pp. 8–9, 1973.
 * N.C.A. da Costa, On the theory of inconsistent formal systems. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 1974; 15: 497–510.
 * N.C.A. da Costa (with L. Dubikajtis), On Jaskowski's Discussive Logic. Non-Classical Logics, Model Theory and Computability, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp. 37–56, 1977.
 * N.C.A. da Costa (with C. Mortensen), Notes on the theory of variable-binding term operators, History and Philosophy of Logic, vol.4, pp. 63–72, 1983.
 * N.C.A. da Costa, Pragmatic probability. Erkenntnis 1986; 25: 141–162.
 * N.C.A. da Costa (with Walter Carnielli), Paraconsistent deontic logics. Philosophia – The Philos. Quarterly of Israel, vol.16, numbers 3 and 4, pp. 293–305, 1988.
 * N.C.A. da Costa (with V.S. Subrahmanian), Paraconsistent logic as a formalism for reasoning about inconsistent knowledge bases. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 1989; 1: 167–174.
 * N.C.A. da Costa (with F.A. Doria), Undecidability and incompleteness in classical mechanics, International J. Theoretical Physics, vol. 30 (1991), 1041–1073.
 * N.C.A. da Costa, Paraconsistent logic. In Stanisław Jaškowski Memorial Symposium, pp. 29–35. Department of Logic, Nicholas Copernicus University of Toruń. 1998.
 * N.C.A. da Costa (with O. Bueno and S. French), Is there a Zande Logic? History and Philosophy of Logic 1998; 19: 41–54.
 * N.C.A. da Costa (with O. Bueno and A.G. Volkov), Outline of a paraconsistent category theory. In P Weingartner (ed.), Alternative Logics: Do Sciences Need them? Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004, pp. 95–114.
 * N.C.A. da Costa (with F. A. Doria), Consequences of an exotic definition for P = NP. Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 145 (2003), 655–665, and Addendum to "Consequences of an exotic formulation for P=NP". Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 172 (2006), 1364–1367.
 * N.C.A. da Costa (with F. A. Doria), Computing the future, in Computability, Complexity and Constructivity in Economic Analysis, ed. K. V. Velupillai, Blackwell, 2005.
 * N.C.A. da Costa (with F. A. Doria), Some thoughts on hypercomputation, Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 178 (2006) 83–92.

Books

 * N.C.A. da Costa, Lógica Indutiva e Probabilidade. Hucitec-EdUSP, 2a. ed., São Paulo, 1993.
 * N.C.A. da Costa, Logique Classique et Non-Classique. Paris, Masson, 1997.
 * N.C.A. da Costa, O conhecimento científico. São Paulo, Discurso Editorial, 2a. Ed., 1999.
 * N.C.A. da Costa, J.M. Abe, J.I. da Silva Filho, A.C. Murolo and C.F.S. Leite Lógica Paraconsistente Applicada. São Paulo, Atlas, 1999.
 * N.C.A. da Costa and S. French, Science and Partial Truth: A Unitary Approach to Models and Scientific Reasoning. (Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Science), Oxford University Press, 2003.
 * Shyam Wuppuluri, N.C.A. da Costa (Eds.), "Wittgensteinian (adj.) : Looking at the World from the Viewpoint of Wittgenstein's Philosophy" Springer — The Frontiers Collection, 2019.

Essays on N. C. A. da Costa

 * Nicola Grana, Sulla teoria delle valutazioni di N.C.A. da Costa. Naples: Liguori Editore, 1990. Pp. 75.

title: Newton da Costa


text:
Talk:Googlewhackblatt

This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Googlewhackblatt. dbenbenn | talk 16:49, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Googlewhackblatt


text:
User talk:80.177.165.144

Block no longer necessary
""

This IP address used to be a Tor node, but is no longer on the Tor directory, so could be unblocked. I have no plans to run a Tor node again. Furthermore, the node was actually never run as an exit node, meaning no edit's to Wikipedia could have originated from my IP address anyhow.

 * I've listed this IP on WikiProject on open proxies to confirm that. --Sam Blanning(talk) 22:57, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't really see my IP address on that page, but perhaps didn't check back soon enough. Perhaps I am still an open proxy for some other reason.

AIV
Thank you for making a report on Administrator intervention against vandalism. Reporting and removing vandalism is vital to the functioning of Wikipedia and all users are encouraged to revert, warn, and report vandalism. However, administrators are generally only able to block users if they have received a recent final warning (one that mentions that the user may be blocked) and they have recently vandalized after that warning was given. The reported user has not yet been blocked because it appears this has not occurred yet. If this user continues to vandalize even after their final warning, please report them to the AIV noticeboard again. John Reaves (talk) 00:03, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:80.177.165.144


text:
108 St Georges Terrace

108 St Georges Terrace, also Palace Tower and formerly the South32 Tower, Bankwest Tower, Bond Tower, and R&I Tower, is a fifty-storey office building in Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. The project was initiated in 1981 and completed in 1988, and the building measures 214 m to its roof and 247 m to the tip of its communications antenna. Upon completion, it was Perth's tallest building until Central Park surpassed it in 1992. It is the third-tallest building in Perth.

The tower, designed by the architect firm Cameron Chisholm Nicol, features a triangular cross-section and stepped front to maximise natural light and corner offices. Extensive testing ensured the building's resilience to extreme weather conditions. The completed building rests upon 43 belled concrete and steel piles, with a sixteen-metre-deep basement featuring a diaphragm wall to prevent water ingress.

The site occupied by the tower was previously the location of the Palace Hotel. There was organised opposition to save the hotel from demolition to make way for an office tower. The businessman Alan Bond subsequently acquired the site, and the tower was approved and constructed in a way that retained much of the Palace Hotel. The building served as the headquarters of Bond's companies until their collapse. It later became the headquarters of Bankwest (formerly the R&I Bank) until 2012. In 2015 it became the headquarters of the mining company South32.

Pre-1978
The tower's prime location at the corner of William Street and St Georges Terrace was the site of the first licensed premises in Perth from the 1830s. The then-opulent Palace Hotel opened on this corner in 1897 during the days of the Western Australian gold rush, and developed a "colourful" history, hosting numerous celebrities of the time. The plot was purchased by the Commonwealth Banking Corporation, which announced in 1972 that it planned to redevelop the site as high-rise offices.

During the 1950s and 1960s, many of Perth's older buildings had been demolished to make way for modern developments, which led to wide criticism of the Perth City Council for approving such redevelopments. In this atmosphere, wide public protest resulted and a lobby group of concerned citizens calling themselves "The Palace Guards" worked to save the historic building. This outcry led to condemnation of the plans and heritage listing of the property by the National Trust, and forced the Commonwealth Bank to ask the Federal Government to take the property off its hands. The property was subsequently purchased from the Commonwealth Bank by businessman Alan Bond in 1978 along with the adjacent Terrace Arcade.

Bond Corporation and construction: 1978–1988
In 1980, Bond unveiled new plans for the redevelopment of the site. These plans made some effort at preservation of the Palace Hotel, by retaining the facade and main foyer area of the building. However, the construction of the modern office tower at the site's north-eastern corner required demolition of Terrace Arcade, the eastern accommodation wing and the hotel's renowned dining room. The rationale given for the works required was that extensive renovations to the Palace Hotel in 1915 and the 1930s had weakened its structure significantly, as well as problems controlling white ants in the structure. The development exceeded the acceptable plot ratio in the town planning scheme, however the Perth City Council pre-approved the plans nonetheless, on the condition that Bond Corporation kept the Palace Hotel operating as a hotel.

Demolition of parts of the site commenced in August 1981, and by August 1983 construction had completed on the tower's foundation and three levels of underground parking. However, there were continuing doubts about the viability of the building, slowing the pace of the development. This changed on 7 September 1984 when R&I Bank Chairman David Fischer signed a joint venture agreement over the development with Austmark International, a subsidiary of Bond Corporation. The bank, which was at the time wholly owned by the Government of Western Australia, consulted then-Premier Brian Burke in deciding whether to invest in the project.

Following the investment in the project by the bank, the developers successfully sought modification of the original planning approval by the Perth City Council to allow the use of the Palace Hotel as a bank, rather than remaining as a public hotel. With this permission, construction of the development by Multiplex proceeded, and floor space was leased rapidly; by October 1985 only four floors of the building remained for lease and it was expected to be fully let before completion. With construction finally proceeding once more, the Palace Hotel closed in June 1986. In April 1987, while the tower was still under construction, five men were arrested after illegally entering the site and parachuting from the top of the tower in the early hours of the morning. Construction proceeded at the rate of about one floor every eight to ten days. The construction of the tower took three years to complete, with the first occupants moving into the tower in July 1988. The tower was officially opened in October 1989. Construction of the building cost A$120 million, up from the 1984 estimates of $100 million. Upon its completion, the building was the 88th-tallest building in the world, the third-tallest in Australia and the tallest in Perth (overtaking St Martins Tower). It was also the eighth-tallest concrete skyscraper in the world. However, at this time there were already plans to build a taller building on the site of the former David Jones department store between Hay Street and St Georges Terrace, which became Central Park.

After completion: 1988–present

The top three floors of the building were occupied by Alan Bond's private investment company Dallhold Investments, which owned a majority stake in Bond Corporation. In November 1987, Alan Bond bought the Vincent van Gogh painting Irises and unveiled it in a purpose-built secure art gallery on the 49th floor of the tower on 23 December 1988. Amidst a worsening financial situation for the Bond companies, Bond Corporation sold its half share in the building to R&I Bank for $108 million, making R&I Bank its outright owner. In 1991 amid the collapse of the Bond empire, Bond shifted his offices out of the tower, leaving the top three floors vacant. These floors then remained vacant for almost a decade.

From when it opened, the tower was referred to as both the Bond Tower and the R&I Tower, owing to the presence of both logos on the building's exterior. The Bond Corporation logos were later removed from the tower, and by the end of 1994, the signage on the building was updated to match the new name and logo of its owner and head tenant, Bankwest.

Bankwest sold the building in November 1994 for $146 million to Jetcloud Pty Ltd, which was owned by AMP and UniSuper. However, Bankwest retained the head lease over the building, and in 2000 the Bank occupied around 20 floors. In 2002, Valad purchased a half-share in the tower for $92.5 million, which it then sold to Stockland in early 2007. Meanwhile, Brookfield inherited its half-stake in the tower through its 2007 acquisition of Multiplex, who had merged with Ronin Property Group (the renamed AMP Office Trust) in late 2004.

Bankwest announced in 2006 that it would not renew its lease, instead moving to a new tower proposed for Raine Square. Due to delays with the Raine Square development, Bankwest was forced in November 2009 to seek a 5-year renewal of its lease in the Bankwest Tower, the remainder of which will be taken on by Raine Square property developer Saracen Properties. Saracen Properties announced in May 2009 that they would not seek to renew their lease, and would vacate at the termination of their lease in November 2009. It was also revealed that the 50th floor office space once occupied by Alan Bond was still in the same condition as when he left in 1991, with Bond's former chair, desk and boardroom table available as part of the lease.

Brookfield put its half share in the building up for sale in early 2008, however an offer for the tower by Luke Saraceni fell through and the half share in the tower was taken off the property market. Stockland divested their 50% holding via an asset swap in 2011, transferring full ownership of the tower to Brookfield in exchange for two residential projects.

It was announced in January 2015 that base metal and mining company South32 would sign a 10½-year lease for 8300 m2 of office space, starting from May 2015. The company also took up the naming and rooftop signage rights for the tower.

In 2017 a number of glass panels shattered dropping some glass fragments. In response the building owners installed temporary gantries to protect pedestrians while carrying out rectification works.

In May 2022, Brookfield commenced a sale process for the building, with an expected price of $350 million. The process was concluded in October 2022, with the building being sold for $340 million to a 50/50 joint venture between Lendlease and Realside Financial.

In March 2023, South32 announced that they would exit the building in mid to late 2025, aligning with the end of their lease, and relocate their offices into newly refurbished space at the adjacent 100 St Georges Terrace.

In April 2024, it was announced that the tower would be renamed Palace Tower in light of South32's exit in 2025. The new name is a reference to the Palace Hotel, and was announced alongside a $10 million refurbishment to the building in a bid to attract a new anchor tenant and to stand out in a competitive market.

Design
The tower was designed by architects Cameron Chisholm Nicol. The major parameter given to them in the planning of the building was that "all office areas should face the excellent views that exist of the Swan River". Working within this brief, they selected a triangular cross-section of the tower because it lent "itself to open plan office layouts" by allowing natural light to reach most parts of the working floors. Also, the stepped front of the building maximised the number of corner offices on each floor. The eastern and northern sides of the building are slip-formed concrete shear walls, and have fewer windows. These sides house the services of the building, including the lift shafts and stairwells. Some difficulty was encountered in the design stage with how to execute the diagonal slopes forming the top of these walls alongside the top five floors of the building, since a standard concrete pour was not possible. Instead, reinforced concrete panels were prefabricated elsewhere and subsequently attached to the structure.

The floor plates of the tower are constructed from conventional reinforced concrete beams and slabs. The building's 14 passenger lifts are divided into three zones: low-rise (floors G-17), mid-rise (18–29) and high-rise (30–51), thought to be the first building in Australia to use such a configuration.

The foyer of the tower was originally planned to be an open-air forecourt between the building and the remains of the Palace Hotel, however extensive aeroelastic wind testing of the structure by the Institute of Environmental Sciences at Murdoch University forced this area to be covered with a glass canopy. Mocks of the curtain walls to be used in the tower were also tested to 1.5 times the proof load to ensure they could withstand cyclone-force weather and seismic shocks. The building is clad with green-tinted double-pane glass on windows, with the service core and structure of the building covered with aluminium sheeting skin coated with a light grey fluoropolymer paint.

Upon completion, the mass of the building above ground was 66000 t. The building rests upon 43 belled concrete and steel piles, of average length 30 m, which go "through 3 layers of swamp" to solid siltstone bedrock. These piles range in diameter from 2.5 m to 2.9 m. The basement of the building has a depth of 16 m, and has a 0.5 m thick diaphragm wall to prevent water ingress.

While the building was under construction, on 21 September 1987 the Perth City Council approved the addition of a 48 m spire to the top of the tower to house television and radio antennas, microwave antennas, navigation lights and surveillance cameras. However, when asked about the surveillance cameras, the R&I Bank's development spokesman Terry Pilbeam denied any knowledge about what any cameras would be used for. The spire was also approved by the Department of Transport and Communications, which said the spire would cause no air traffic problems, and the spire was added to the building upon completion.

title: 108 St Georges Terrace


text:
Talk:Red Alert Syndicate

Expansion
There's nothing in the article to suggest that it's about a game, much less which game. the only indication is the stub template. I can't add the relevant information because I have no idea what it is. I wonder, though, does this deserve a separate page? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 16:50, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The Red Alert only appears in Rockman X7, so any information here (which is actually pretty much all that's known about Red Alert, except that Red had dealings with Sigma and used Axl as an assassin) should be either on the X7 page (once there is one) or Axl's page (once he gets one) or both, but probably shouldn't have its own article. As they were only part of the plot of a single game, and a minor plot point at that, I doubt this article is neccessary. --Boco XLVII 23:33, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for confirmation my suspicion. Are you planning to create either of those articles?  I don't want to suggest an article for deletion if there's nowhere else to put the material.  Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:24, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I've expanded the article somewhat. Plese feel free to critique it, as I feel it could use some copy editting. -ZeroTalk 08:55, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red Alert Syndicate


text:
EMD SD60

The EMD SD60 is a 3800 hp, six-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division, intended for heavy-duty drag freight or medium-speed freight service. It was introduced in 1984, and production ran until 1995.

History and development
The SD60 is essentially identical to the SD50 externally, but has a different prime mover, the new 16-cylinder EMD 710G3A, and a computer-controlled electrical system. Chicago & North Western's railroad manual estimated that the SD60 is 3% more fuel efficient than one SD50, while a pair of SD60s was up to 16% more efficient than three SD40s pulling a standard coal train.

Norfolk Southern has been modernizing their old SD60s since 2010 into SD60Es, a model specific to NS.

Models
Several variants of the SD60 were built, including:

SD60
This was the original model, and had a conventional hood unit configuration with the 40 Series (spartan) cab first employed on the SD40-2.

SD60F
The SD60F was ordered and was operated by Canadian National and has a full-width cowl body and crashworthy "safety cab" with a four-piece windshield. CN retired the SD60F in 2017, however a handful were sold off and are still working on two shortlines in North Dakota. Dakota, Missouri Valley and Western Railroad has six, and the Northern Plains Railroad has five. 14 units are currently on the Aberdeen, Carolina & Western Railway in North Carolina.

SD60I
The SD60I model has a full-width short hood and features the so-called "WhisperCab" that was insulated from sound and vibration using a system of rubber gaskets. They are easily distinguished from the SD60M by the visible vertical seam just behind the front of the nose. The same cab was later used on EMD's SD70I, SD75I, SD80MAC and SD90MAC locomotives. Only Conrail ordered this model, and after 1999 all were split between the Norfolk Southern and CSX. All SD60i locomotives have either have been scrapped, sold to new owners or retired.

SD60M
The SD60M features a "North American safety cab" design and has a full-width short hood. Early models until 1990 featured a three-piece windshield with vertical windows (nicknamed "triclops"), identical to the windshields found on EMD's SD40-2F and F59PH models. Later production from 1991 used two windshield panes that were sloped back, and had a somewhat shorter nose tapered on the sides. Purchasers of this model included Conrail, Union Pacific, Burlington Northern and the Soo Line Railroad. Conrail orders were split between the Norfolk Southern and CSX back in 1999. All Norfolk Southern and CSX SD60M locomotives have either been scrapped, sold to new owners, or retired.

SD60MAC
The SD60MAC is similar to the SD60M but is equipped with alternating current traction motors. Although four demonstrator SD60MAC units tested on the Burlington Northern proved the viability of EMD's AC traction system, all subsequent orders were for the SD70MAC locomotive.

SD60E
The SD60E is a custom rebuild of standard cab SD60 for Norfolk Southern created at the Juniata Shops with the prototype being delivered in 2010 and the majority of the production taking place between 2013 and 2017. The SD60E utilizes a new NS-designed wide nose cab with increased crash protection, new electronics and up-rating the engine to the 4000 hp 710G3B standard. Norfolk Southern bought additional SD60s from Helm Leasing specifically for the SD60E program with the aim to eventually rebuild 240 SD60s, however the project was terminated after 135 had been completed and Norfolk Southern's remaining inventory of unrebuilt SD60, SD60M and SD60I locomotives were subsequently sold or scrapped in 2019. In May 2021, Norfolk Southern regeared SD60E numbers 7034 and 7035 to go 79mph and assigned the locomotives to the railroad's Office Car Special train.

Preservation
In October 2019, Norfolk Southern donated SD60I #6721 to Penn State University Altoona, marking one of the first Conrail road locomotives to survive into preservation. It has moved to the Railroaders Memorial Museum as of 2023.

title: EMD SD60


text: User talk:216.13.80.99

title: User talk:216.13.80.99


text:
Treaty Ports (Ireland)

Following the establishment of the Irish Free State, three deep water Treaty Ports (Calafoirt an Chonartha ) at Berehaven, Spike Island (off modern Cóbh), and Lough Swilly were retained by the United Kingdom in accordance with the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 6 December 1921.

The main reason for the retention of the ports was the U-boat Campaign around Irish coasts during World War I and the concern of the British government that it might recur. As a part of the overall Anglo-Irish settlement, all other Royal Navy, British Army and RAF personnel and equipment were to evacuate the Free State.

As part of the settlement of the Anglo-Irish Trade War in the 1930s, the ports were transferred to Ireland (the Free State's successor) in 1938 following agreements reached between the British and Irish governments.

Terms of the treaty
In 1921, Éamon de Valera originally offered – in an early version of the Anglo-Irish Treaty – to allow the British to continue to use the ports for a further period of five years. The British would also be able to use whatever harbours they required in wartime.

However, Article 8 was defeated by republicans within de Valera's own party and removed from the final terms of the treaty. Instead, the issue of the ports was addressed in Article 7:

The Annex referred to in that Article read as follows:

The Annex included reference to Belfast Lough because Northern Ireland was included within the original territory of the Irish Free State, although under the Treaty it had the right to opt out of the Free State and back into the UK. It did so on 8 December 1922. With the departure of Northern Ireland from the Free State, this left three United Kingdom bases in the territory of the Free State (subsequently renamed "Ireland" in the 1937 Constitution). The continued occupation by the United Kingdom of these bases was increasingly irksome, because Irish foreign policy had moved from a position of wanting some Royal Navy protection in 1922 to being a champion for neutrality in the 1930s at the League of Nations.

Notably, the position of the Treaty Ports was raised by de Valera in correspondence with the British government in 1932 shortly before the beginning of the Economic War, where he noted:

Agreement on transfer of Treaty Ports
From 1932 until 1938, the governments of the former Irish Free State and the United Kingdom had been involved in a long-running Anglo-Irish Trade War that was not in the interest of either state's economy. In September 1937 Malcolm MacDonald made it clear to de Valera that the United Kingdom was prepared to give up the ports if the Irish gave a guarantee that the British could use them in times of war. Under pressure to ease the burden of the Trade War, in November 1937 de Valera proposed talks between the two governments. Shortly afterwards, the Irish Situation Committee chaired by Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain recommended a potential package deal for Ireland that would include returning the ports subject to the agreement of the chiefs of staff. Chamberlain had come to the view that it was worth surrendering the treaty ports unconditionally "to obtain the essential goodwill of the Irish Free State". Negotiations to settle the matters in dispute took place in 1938. The Anglo-Irish Trade Agreement was signed on 25 April 1938; the section relating to the Treaty Ports was as follows:

The Agreement was subject to parliamentary approval by both parties. The United Kingdom subsequently enacted the Eire (Confirmation of Agreements) Act 1938, which put in effect, among other things, the British government's agreement to transfer the Treaty Ports.

Spike Island handover (11 July 1938)
On 12 July 1938, The Times (London) reported on the handover of Spike Island, near Cobh (51.835°N, -8.285°W) on 11 July 1938 as follows:

The invitations to the Irish handover celebration read as follows:

Berehaven handover (29 September 1938)
On 1 October 1938, The Times reported the handover of forts and batteries (known collectively as Berehaven) around Castletownbere and on Bere Island (51.64°N, -9.9°W) on 29 September 1938 as follows:

The Times' choice of headline was a little misleading in one respect: the British troops at Berehaven were not the last troops to leave the Irish state. The evacuation of Lough Swilly was yet to take place.

Lough Swilly handover (3 October 1938)
On 4 October 1938, The Times reported on the handover of Lough Swilly at Fort Dunree in County Donegal (55.19674°N, -7.55304°W) on 3 October 1938 as follows:

British dissent
Following the agreement to handover the Treaty Ports to the Irish Free State, Winston Churchill was one of only a few MPs who were critical of the decision. In 1938 he addressed the UK's House of Commons calling it a "folly":

Churchill also remarked that the concessions under the Agreements of 1938 were "astonishing triumphs" for Irish leader Éamon de Valera. Churchill also asked would it not be "far better to give up the £10,000,000 [a one-off Irish payment under the Agreement], and acquire the legal right, be it only on a lease granted by treaty, to use these harbours when necessary?" Mr Churchill also made a remark concerning the name by which the Irish state would henceforth be described in the UK (Eire) – "I have not been able to form a clear opinion on the exact juridical position of the Government of that portion of Ireland called Southern Ireland, which is now called Eire. That is a word which really has no application at the present time, and I must say, even from the point of view of the ordinary uses of English, that it is not customary to quote a term in a foreign language, a capital town, a geographical place, when there exists a perfectly well-known English equivalent [Ireland]. It is usual to say Paris not Paree."

With the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, Churchill's concerns proved justified. The escort groups' refuelling facilities at Berehaven and Queenstown were 200 mi further west than the nearest ones in Northern Ireland and Great Britain. To compensate for the distance, allied convoys from North America had to be routed via Iceland to the ports in Northern Ireland in the early months of the Battle of the Atlantic. However, this decision arguably proved more practical because the shorter sea lanes around Ireland's southern coast soon became vulnerable to German anti-shipping air attacks following the Fall of France in June 1940. The Iceland route also provided adequate air cover and escort refuelling for allied convoys. Nevertheless, many in the Royal Navy felt resentment towards the handover of the Irish Treaty Ports because they would have provided cover to convoys heading south to Gibraltar and North Africa.

Formerly, when the country was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Royal Navy had designated its Ireland Station as a long-standing separate command.

title: Treaty Ports (Ireland)


text:
Richard Carpenter (architect)

Richard Herbert Carpenter (July 1841 – 18 April 1893) was an English Gothic Revival architect.

Carpenter was born 1841 in St Pancras, England, the son of the tractarian architect Richard Cromwell Carpenter and his wife Amelia. He is best known for his collaboration with Benjamin Ingelow; their architectural practice, founded by Carpenter's father and based in Marylebone, London, was responsible for the construction or of many ecclesiastical properties.

Biography
Carpenter attended Charterhouse School and began his architectural career working with his late father's partner William Slater. Following Slater's death in 1872, Carpenter went into partnership with the chief assistant in the practice, Benjamin Ingelow.

Carpenter worked as architect to Ardingly College following the school's purchase of a 196 acre site at Ardingly in 1862. He was taken into partnership with Slater in 1863 and was admitted ARIBA on 15 June of that year, his proposers being Slater, Mair and the St Pancras surveyor Henry Baker. In partnership with William Slater he designed the Gothic buildings of Denstone College (1868–73) The school buildings, hall, chapel and war memorial are all listed Grade II. The school's chapel was added in 1879–87 by Carpenter and Ingelow in a late 13th-century Gothic style; it consists of a four bay nave with polygonal apse.

Also in 1868, Carpenter started work on the ambitious Gothic chapel – with an internal height of 94 ft – at Lancing College in Sussex. Work continued long after Carpenter's death; the projected tower was never built; plans to complete the west end have since been resurrected and as at 2013 were at the fundraising stage. Designs for the existing school buildings had been begun by his father in 1848, although construction did not begin until 1854.

In 1872 Carpenter was responsible for the design of the pulpit at Jesus Church, Forty Hill, Enfield, Middlesex. This led to a commission in 1874 for a complete church at Enfield, St Michael and All Angels. built in ragstone in a fourteenth-century Gothic style, with a clerestory with double lancet windows. The altar in the chancel is recessed into polygonal vaulted apse in the Byzantine style with stone reredos depicting the Crucifixion. Carpenter's plans could not be carried out completely, due to lack of funds.

Carpenter is perhaps best remembered for his recreation of Holdenby House. This large country house in Northamptonshire had originally been built in the sixteenth century by Sir Christopher Hatton, Lord Chancellor to Queen Elizabeth I; one of the largest and grandest houses in England, it had been subsequently sold to James I and became a royal palace. Following the Civil War it had been mostly demolished. In 1873 Carpenter was employed by the owner Viscountess Clifden to recreate the Elizabethan house incorporating the little that remained of it. Although Carpenter's house was only an eighth the size of the former palace, the completed Elizabethan-style mansion was an architectural success. The many gabled stone new house, with tall ornamental chimneys and mullioned windows was approached through the original tripartite arches of the former palace. In 1887 Carpenter returned to Holdenby to design the great panelled entrance hall. It is at Holdenby, away from the ecclesiastical Gothic, that Carpenter's versatility of style as an architect can truly be seen.

By 1875 Carpenter was again working in Northamptonshire, this time working in a thirteenth-century design for the new chancel at the church of St Margaret Luddington-in-the-Brook. A large project in 1877 was the full scale restoration of the church of St Mary the Virgin at Goudhurst, Kent. This included the building of a vestry and a large part of the south aisle. Carpenter, working in 1865 with William Slater, who had been in partnership with his father, had prepared the plans for an earlier restoration of this church.

In 1879 Carpenter and Ingelow received the commission to create the topographical crown of Nathaniel Woodard's schools – Ellesmere College with its "H" plan and gothic facade looking out over a quadrangle, terraces and playing fields towards the hills of Wales.

In 1884 Carpenter and Ingelow received an important commission to design what is today known as the Chapel Court at Jesus College, Cambridge. Working with red brick, the court with a central castellated tower blends harmoniously with its surroundings.

In 1888 the partnership unsuccessfully entered the competition to design Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City; the eventual winners were the New York firm of Heins and Lafarge.

The church of St Mary and All Saints, Willingham, was one of the last restorations by the partnership, completed in 1891. Carpenter died in 1893 aged 52.

title: Richard Carpenter (architect)


text:
Intercellular adhesion molecule

In molecular biology, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. They are important in inflammation, immune responses and in intracellular signalling events. The ICAM family consists of five members, designated ICAM-1 to ICAM-5. They are known to bind to leucocyte integrins CD11/CD18 such as LFA-1 and Macrophage-1 antigen, during inflammation and in immune responses. In addition, ICAMs may exist in soluble forms in human plasma, due to activation and proteolysis mechanisms at cell surfaces.

Mammalian intercellular adhesion molecules include:
 * ICAM-1
 * ICAM2
 * ICAM3
 * ICAM4
 * ICAM5

title: Intercellular adhesion molecule


text: User talk:150.176.57.34

title: User talk:150.176.57.34


text:
User:Trödel/Task Box

Recently Finished
 * 1) Make a new task list

title: User:Trödel/Task Box


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Big Bunny

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 23:47, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)

Big Bunny
403 hits for "big-bunny.com" (searching for just "Big bunny" found many non-related generic usages of the term). Alexa rank of 275,168. Non-notable Flash cartoons. Niteowlneils 17:01, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not-particularly-well-known web cartoon. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 17:36, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur, hasn't been around long enough to be a notable web comic. Delete. Radiant! 09:20, Feb 24, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Draft (water)

A draft is the use of suction to move a liquid such as water from a vessel or body of water below the intake of a suction pump. A rural fire department or farmer might draft water from a pond as the first step in moving the water elsewhere. A suction pump creates a partial vacuum (a "draft") and the atmospheric pressure on the water's surface forces the water into the pump, usually via a rigid pipe (sometimes called a dry hydrant) or a semi-rigid hard suction hose.

Standard atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa (14.7 lbf/in2) and that can only raise water to a theoretical maximum of 10.3 m. Depending on application, fire department pumps lift water 6 to 10 m.

To reduce drafting friction and obtain a larger flow or higher lift, a larger cross-section of suction hose is employed. For example, using a five-inch (127 mm) hose, a pump that could lift 500 US gallons per minute (30 L/s) up 23 ft would only be able to lift the same amount of water 12.5 ft through a 3.5 in hose. Fire engines are often seen carrying two or three 10 ft lengths of suction hose, but the longer the lift, the lower the flow, for a fixed-diameter suction hose and a given pump. Multiple relays could be used if the need arises, with a suction pump drafting up to 10 m and discharging at great distances.

It is also possible to use a gravity siphon to draft water for a small lift, and this technique is often used in forest fire suppression, where portable reservoirs of 1,000 to 3,000 US gallons (5 to 10 m3) are filled with water and small hoses are used downhill of the tanks. The nozzle pressure is proportional to its distance below the reservoir surface. 100 ft height change yields approximately 43 psi. The tank may itself be gravity-fed through hoses from a nearby water source, or by pumps or helicopters delivering water from further away.

title: Draft (water)


text: User talk:128.232.110.15

title: User talk:128.232.110.15


text:
The Least You Should Know About English

The Least You Should Know about English (ISBN 978-1285443539) is a series of non-fiction textbooks by Paige Wilson and Teresa Ferster Glazier that focuses on students improving their basic spelling, grammar, and writing.

Usage
It has been used in classrooms for over 35 years and,, is in its twelfth edition.

It is used by the Institute of Education Sciences

title: The Least You Should Know About English


text:
Wikipedia talk:Meetup/London 3

'''I have moved the below here from the main page for historical raisons. It's no longer 'live'. James F. (talk) 17:24, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)'''

Why a WikiMeet?
It has been suggested that we organise a UK WikiMeet for some time in February 2005, because not everyone will have the means or resources to go to the Wikimania event wherever it ends up being later in the year.

It's also an opportunity to meet up with other Wikipedians in an environment away from an impersonal username on a computer screen, and hopefully to have a bit of a giggle at the same time. 26 people made it to the last UK WikiMeet in June 2004 and Jimbo attended, which kinda drew the crowds, so we're not expecting a major number of people. But if the list of participants on the UK notice board is 61 people long (as of 24 Oct 04) then I figure there must be a good handful of active people who would like to meet up.

Plus I didn't get to hear about the 2004 meet-up until after it actually happened and was a bit miffed about it.

Why February?
February has been picked out of the blue for two reasons mainly, it's so that it's not so close to the main Wikimania event that people feel they have to choose between the two, yet it's far enough away to be able to get something decent together.

Why do I need to come?
Because it's fun! Because it's so much easier to discuss stuff about the encyclopedia, and about how the various UK projects are going in person, rather than over a computer! Plus, hopefully, people who are planning to go to the Wikimania event will be there, so that we can discuss stuff that they can bring up when they go to the bigger event.

Please feel free to add your own reasons.

Where is it?
This is down to you. I certainly have ideas to where I'd like it to be, preferably somewhere near to my home that doesn't involve a lot of driving. This country of ours is a bit big for everyone to say that, however, so we need to vote on one or two things. Please vote under all the following categories using approval votes only. Feel free to discuss where appropriate, however.

Location
Please vote on a location for the UK WikiMeet 2005. Tourist areas are likely to be more popular than wee villages in the middle of nowhere, and larger towns are more likely to have cheap accommodation and better transport links. Please bear these in mind when suggesting locations.

Oxford
Large historic city in the middle of England, good travel links and lots of touristy stuff to do.
 * 1) Graham ☺ | Talk 18:59, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) A chance for me to get out of London. --Minority Report 12:36, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

London

 * 1) London has excellent transport links from just about everywhere, and plenty of local Wikipedians. I think it's the most logical choice.  Enchanter 20:16, Oct 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) I would nominate Bristol because London has been done before, but it wouldn't win :( --Joe D 10:12, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Angela.
 * 4) Agrees with Enchanter Craptree 21:20, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) Theresa Knott (Not the skater) 22:53, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) James F. (talk) 15:48, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) Nicholas 00:24, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) JFW |  T@lk  01:44, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Arkady Rose 12:35, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) San de Berg 17:23, Jan 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) My preference is for birmingham, as you can see below,  ... but if it iz just gonna be a handfull of people we might as well stick with London - Feb is near,.. how many people have said the're coming? should i remove my entry below?? max rspct 19:32, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) I am so looking forward to meeting Theresa Knott -  XED . talk  21:06, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) As I am you Xed. Theresa Knott (The snott rake) 11:58, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Compared to some of the luminaries I have seen hereabouts, I don't feel that I contribute enough of WP - nor could to the meeting - to travel a long way to it. However, if it's in my home city, I'd love to attend. Aside from that, vote #1 says it all! Liam Proven 04:22, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) I ain't good at traveling. If it's not London, I won't be able to make it. Obv, I don't expect people to make arrangements around me, but I'd certainly vote for London. — OwenBlacker 21:56, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)

Birmingham

 * 1) Its right in the middle of the country, more easilly accessable for Northerners. Easy to get to from every part of the country. Besides London's already been done. G-Man 22:32, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Angela.
 * 3) Andy F I concur with G-Man (see also below).
 * 4) Right on!, how many times have folk past thru it but not visited it?! Brummie is the better place for access.max rspct
 * 5) Francs2000 | Talk 14:37, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Newcastle upon Tyne

 * 1) It is really right in the middle of the country; at 55°N latitude, midway between Cornwall (50°N) and Shetland (60°N). Easy to get to, with good train & bus services, and an airport with rail access only 20 minutes from the city centre. MPF

Manchester

 * 1) Another obvious choice! –– Constafrequent (talk page) 13:35, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Venue
Please vote on a venue for the meet. As the meet is in February outdoors may not be appropriate, and a private room may be better than a public bar. We are just looking at general venues at the moment, a specific venue will be decided upon when the location has been decided.

A pub
Quite a lot of pubs have private function rooms, plus they serve food and drinks. Especially drinks...

 * 1) Graham ☺ | Talk 18:59, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) James F. (talk) 15:50, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC) Ideally a private function room, yes.
 * 3) Andy F Pub - preferably with a no-smoking private room. And draft Guiness ;)
 * 4) San de Berg 17:26, Jan 24, 2005 (UTC)

A bohemian café
Where better for a bohemian project, than a bohemian venue?
 * 1) As new legislation announced today won't yet be in force, a café is more likely to have a clean, stench-free, poison-free atmosphere - MPF 14:09, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Apart from the tendancy of some pubs being rather prejudiced against those under 18, I don't like the smell of smokers, though will sometimes tolerate it. I'm happy to swing either way, just so long as the air is clean. --BesigedB 00:53, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * A beer garden like the one beside the weir in Bath would be really fab. --BesigedB 01:05, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree with the beer garden idea - If it is in the evening and longer than an hour .. i would like to smoke. Cafe is also good idea as folk can smoke on chairs outside..  max rspct 19:26, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

General discussion (December 2004 meeting)
Rather than vote I thought I'd start this of as a discussion, and that's the time of day and what day of the week to meet. A Sunday afternoon would be ideal for me, though I am aware this isn't just about my needs. What day or time would suit other people, and is this something that we need to vote on? -- Graham ☺ | Talk 18:59, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Sundays are not the best idea if people are travelling by train. As well as being more infrequent, the chance of engineering works increases. Angela.

 * I think friday evenings would be best for me, cirtainly not sundays for the same reasons as Angela. Craptree 21:27, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I concur about Sundays and public transport (although, depending on location, I'm more like to come by car - and I'm happy to give anyone a lift). Also, although I'm a smoker myself, I think somewhere smoke-free is fairer. Graham mentions pubs... and drinks... I don't want to sound like a lush but that suggestion strikes a warm chord here (on second thoughts, maybe I better come by train) ;) Andy F 18:48, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

2005 Meetup
Graham asked on his talk page: OK I want to get the ball rolling ...what ideas do people have as to venue, timing, agenda etc?

I'd prefer the midlands - but I would say that, I live here! But personal convenience aside, I suppose it depends on who lives where: if UK Wikipedians are spread fairly evenly across England, Wales, and Scotland, the midlands makes sense. Birmingham has good rail links from most parts of the UK and the region isn't exactly short of motorways. However, if most of the potential 'meeters' are in London and the home counties, forget the midlands. For those in Northern Ireland (or in the Republic for that matter), I doubt if it makes much difference - a plane is a plane, whether it's going to Birmingham or Heathrow.

As to venue, a half-decent pub sounds good. Actually, a really grotty one would do me if they keep a good Guinness!

On another topic, I notice on the UK page there's a list of participants. Is this formal? Does one apply? Get nominated? Or just, erm, participate?

Nice pics, BTW Andy F 01:49, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * No, the list of participants was wholly informal, just a guide as to how many people were likely to make it.
 * As to the pub idea - well, it was quite loud and uncomfortable, standing around in a smokey pub that didn't really serve food. The June 2004 Wikimeet went much better, out in the open air in St. James's Park...
 * James F. (talk) 20:19, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Just a general comment: I find it hard to get into London, it's easier for me to get to places that I can drive to (Oxford, Birmingham). As the last meet up was in London can we meet up elsewhere this time? And can we formalise a venue as it's getting fairly close to February? -- Francs2000 | Talk 14:37, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Date
London seems to have won the vote above. Please now vote for the date:

 * Friday 11 February, 6pm
 * Edward
 * Ok I'll bite but not if it's in a busy, noisy pub again because I'm hard of hearing. -- Francs2000
 * If it is to be a pub and not a weekend, I would suggest any night but Friday would be quieter -- Solipsist 19:29, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Friday sounds good, i suggest cafe 1001 down brick lane, they serve alcohol, open till about midnight, and is candle light after dark. lotds of cosey sofas and normaly live music in the evening. Craptree 23:45, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Will be a bit loud and crowded, but... OK. James F. (talk) 16:34, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Saturday 12 February, 3pm - Great Court Café of the British Museum (Galleries close at 17:30, but the Café is said to be open till 21:30 on a Saturday, so could be later - I'm not sure that they serve alcohol however).
 * Solipsist - (Actually I might prefer a pub, but this is a suggestion for the lighter Café culture folk)
 * Noisy | Talk 11:39, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC) I've never been there, but that sounds just right.
 * Weekends are better, surely? James F. (talk) 16:34, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Saturday has got to be better than Friday. I'm fine with the following Saturday too if it means more people will be able to attend. Theresa Knott (The snott rake) 19:50, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Sunday 13 February, anytime after 5:30PM in Central London. Plenty of alcoholic places :-). JFW | T@lk  11:17, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm fine with this date too. Theresa Knott (The snott rake) 19:50, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Ditto. James F. (talk) 20:05, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I would recommend sometime after Thursday the 17th... Nicholas 01:31, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC) (← note date)

Decision
Can we now come to a decision about this, especially since people are looking at next Friday as a possibility?! (I unfortunately wouldn't be able to attend that day :- –– Constafrequent (talk page) 02:56, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Both Friday & Saturday will not do for me :-( JFW | T@lk  11:17, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Its fine for Londoners to have it so close... U in the big city only have to take a tube and your there.. For the rest of us time taken out and greater travel costs make it more difficult.. Can't we do it a week later? max rspct 17:43, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I definitely can't come from Manchester either way. I'll be too pre-occupied with work for the next couple months to have the time to travel. Although, if there was a meet in Manchester or nearby!! –– Constafrequent (talk page) 18:34, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I might come to one to discuss the wikipedia face to face.WikiUser 20:35, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I've removed my vote from the 11th. I'd be happier with 9, 16, 17, 18, 22 or 23 Feb, but might also be available on any other day before the 24th. Since that one didn't happen, I propose 29 March or 12 May. Angela. 22:25, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)/16:49, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thursday Feb 17th would be gGRReeeaaT!! is it too late for other folk? Perhaps that thursday is better if some folk can't do fridays or weekends max rspct 00:08, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok, have I missed this or what? :o) — OwenBlacker 21:54, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)

26th March 2005 meetup
I'm a definite for this trip, but as I've not met any of you before how will I recognise you? Also, I'm not familiar with London, so is there multiple exits to Oxford Circus Tube Station - if so which one do I need? Where do I need to go to find the bar we're meeting in? Thryduulf 22:39, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll probably be wearing a Wikimedia T-shirt if that helps; also, there are 'photos of us on the previous meetup's page, which might help.
 * There are, indeed, multiple exits from Oxford Circus tube station; you want to go North from Oxford Circus itself up Regent Street (towards Broadcasting House). Will look for some images to point you in the right direction.
 * James F. (talk) 19:16, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that. You can see a not too briliant photo of me (I'm more frequently the other side of the camera) at so you can look out for wandering up regent street looking rather lost! Thryduulf 22:38, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * This is an image of All Souls, Langham Place looking North-wards up Upper Regent Street from (a bit beyond) Oxford Street, approximately opposite where the All Bar One is; this is one from slightly nearer the Tube station, on the East side of URS, outside-ish AB1, at a guess.
 * James F. (talk) 01:35, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Semi-related to the topic (and feel free to tell me this isn't the place for this if it isn't), but how much is a train ticket from Ipswich to London for this as I've seen several people comment on it? The one time I've been to that part of the world I drove from near Saffron Walden to Sutton Hoo, so I'm hardly familiar with the area. I booked my train ticket from Bristol to London Paddington a fortnight in advance and it cost me £23.75 with a railcard for a SuperSaver Return. Even adding on petrol to get from Cheddar to Bristol Temple Meads and parking at the latter (£8/24 hours last I knew), its still cheaper than I could drive it - is htis not the case on routes East of London? Thryduulf 00:20, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * A Super Advance Return from Ipswich to London is £16.00. It requires the traveller to use pre-booked trains and any variation costs £15.00. A Saver Return costs £26.50. This is for a journey approximately 2/3 of the distance from London to Bristol. It is significantly cheaper to drive down the A12 than it is to use the railway line that parallels it. Further discussion of this should probably be on User Talk pages. --Theo  (Talk) 00:51, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Sucess
Thankyou to all who managed to make it for a great day. I took quite a number of photos, and will upload those suitable for family viewing and appear in focus when sober, probably tomorrow (Sunday). Should I put them at user:thryduulf/Wikimeets/London3 Meetup/London/3 Meetup/London/photos or elsewhere? Thryduulf 00:29, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * What, it happened? I thought someone was sending out an email when a date got picked! Arrgh. I've been waiting for this since January, and now I find out everyone went behind my back :-( Nicholas 19:20, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Meetup/London 3


text:
Gert Hofmann

Gert Hofmann (29 January 1931 – 1 July 1993) was a German writer and professor of German literature.

Life
Hofmann was born and grew up in Limbach, Saxony (Germany) which, after World War II, became part of East Germany. In 1948, he moved with his family to Leipzig. There, he attended a school for translators and interpreters, studying English and Russian. In 1950, he enrolled to Leipzig University, where he studied Romance languages and Slavic languages. In 1951, he fled from the German Democratic Republic and settled in Freiburg im Breisgau, where he continued his studies. In 1957, he graduated with a thesis on Henry James.

Hofmann began his writing career as a writer of radio plays. After one year as a research assistant at the University of Freiburg, he left Germany in 1961 for Bristol to teach German literature. Over the next ten years he taught at universities in Europe in Toulouse, Paris, Edinburgh, and in the United States at New Haven, Berkeley, California and Austin.

From 1971 to 1980 he lived in the southern Austrian town of Klagenfurt, while teaching at the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia, former Yugoslavia.

In 1980, aged 49, he returned to Germany, moving to Erding near Munich, becoming a novelist. He died of a stroke in 1993.

Works
A number of Hofmann's works have been translated by his son, the poet Michael Hofmann (*1957 in Freiburg). Die Denunziation(1979) and Veilchenfeld(1986) are concerned with The Holocaust.

 * Interpretationsprobleme bei Henry James (1957)
 * Der Bürgermeister (1963). The Burgomaster, trans. Donald Watson (1968)
 * Der Sohn (1966)
 * Kündigungen (1969)
 * Unser Mann in Madras (written 1965, published 1969). Adapted as a short film, Our Man in Madras, in 2014.
 * Advokat Patelin (1976)
 * Die Denunziation (1979)
 * Die Fistelstimme (1980)
 * Fuhlrotts Vergeßlichkeit. Portrait eines uns bekannten Kopfes (1981)
 * Gespräch über Balzacs Pferd: Vier Novellen (1981). Balzac's Horse and Other Stories, trans. Christopher Middleton (1989)
 * Die Überflutung (1981)
 * Auf dem Turm (1982). The Spectacle at the Tower, trans. Christopher Middleton (1989)
 * Die Rückkehr des verlorenen Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz nach Riga (1984)
 * Unsere Eroberung (1984). Our Conquest, trans. Christopher Middleton (1991)
 * Der Blindensturz (1985). The Parable of the Blind, trans. Christopher Middleton (1989)
 * Veilchenfeld (1986). Our Philosopher, trans. Eric Mace-Tessler (CB Editions, 2020; New York Review Books, 2023)
 * Die Weltmaschine (1986)
 * Casanova und die Figurantin (1987)
 * Unsere Vergeßlichkeit (1987)
 * Vor der Regenzeit (1988). Before the Rainy Season, trans. Edna McCown (1992)
 * Der Kinoerzähler (1990). The Film Explainer, trans. Michael Hofmann (1996)
 * Tolstois Kopf (1991)
 * Das Glück (1992). Luck, trans. Michael Hofmann (2004)
 * Das Thema kommt, verbeugt sich, sagt: Wie wär's? (1992)
 * Die kleine Stechardin (1994). Lichtenberg and the Little Flower Girl, trans. Michael Hofmann (2004)

Awards and honors
Hofmann received several literary awards during his lifetime including the Ingeborg-Bachmann-Preis for Die Fistelstimme (1979), the Alfred-Döblin-Preis (1982), and the Hörspielpreis der Kriegsblinden for Die Brautschau des Dichters Robert Walser im Hof der Anstaltswäscherei von Bellelay, Kanton Bern (1983). In 1987, he became a member of the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung in Darmstadt. He received the Literaturpreis der Stadt München in 1993.

title: Gert Hofmann


text:
Gother Than Thou

Gother Than Thou: The Most Pretentious Card Game Ever Made is a card game that parodies the goth subculture. It was first published in 2000 by Savant Garde Entertainment. Gother Than Thou appeared on the 2001 Games magazine Games 100 list, and was nominated for the "Best Graphic Presentation of a Card Game" category of the 2002 Origins Awards.

The game is played with a deck of 55 cards, which contain three types of Points, which are Goth Points, Sickness, and Money. Every player is dealt five cards. Each player, on their turn, discards one card from their Fate pile, then plays a card into each player's Fate pile, including their own, finally drawing enough cards to refill their hand.

For each Sickness point a player has, they can hold one less card in their hand. At five points of Sickness, a player Swoons, loses their entire Fate pile, and draws five cards. A player who is not In Debt can draw cards from the discard pile. The first player to twenty Goth points wins.

Reviews

 * Pyramid

title: Gother Than Thou


text:
Jingū-mae Station

Jingū-mae Station (神宮前駅) is a railway station in Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Nagoya Railroad. It is the nearest station to Atsuta Shrine.

Lines
Jingū-mae Station is served by the following two Meitetsu lines.
 * Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line
 * Meitetsu Tokoname Line

Station layout
The station has two island platforms serving four tracks, with the two inner tracks used by the Tokoname Line and the two outer ones for the Nagoya Main Line.

History
The station opened on 19 March 1917, as a station of the Aichi Electric Railway.

In 1984, a bomb threat was sent to the station, causing it to be closed for two days. Jingū-mae Station lost an estimated $200 USD in revenue.

Surrounding area

 * Atsuta Shrine
 * Atsuta ward office
 * Headquarters of Nippon Sharyo

title: Jingū-mae Station


text:
Talk:Pauline Lafon

This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Pauline Lafon. dbenbenn | talk 17:22, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pauline Lafon


text:
File:On and On (Jack Johnson album - cover art).jpg

Summary
The album art for Jack Johnson's On and On.

Fair Use Rationale for On and On (Jack Johnson album)

 * The image is low resolution.
 * Copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD;
 * No free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information.
 * The image does not replace the original market role of the CD.
 * Its use here does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD in any way.
 * The image has previously been published and is freely available elsewhere on the internet.
 * The image meets general Wikipedia content requirements.
 * The image contributes significantly to the article by illustrating the subject of the article.
 * The image is significant because it was made by a famous artist, Jack Johnson.