text:
Talk:John Hanson (myths)

Article Rational
Beief explanation from back when... The John Hanson article at one time was getting overloaded with these information on this page. IMHO, Hanson deserves a straight-forward biography. Although the main article could be better or longer, merging this material into it (even now) makes that article spend almost half its words responding to the 'myths', so I created this article. Improve it if you will, but I'd still vote against deltion. Just thought I'd explain why, see further information on Talk:John Hanson. Lou I 07:52, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

This article was created

Hanson, John ( an African American)
Man, A Moor, John Hanson

While I do not doubt that Hanson was not a full 'black man' as we would consider one today, he does indeed have moorish background and at the time (I am not sure about today) that was considered to be "black".

Also the article states that his grandfather was "probably" not black, and gives no sources to attest to this claim. As we all are aware, Wiki discourages the use of 'original research' simply saying that his grandfather was not black, without any actual documentation to support that position in my opinion is OR.

April 2007 revisions
Wiki does not fairly allow individuals to address inaccuracies in its articles. The writer on John Hansen has made numerous inaccuracies and one is not allowed to change them. This is precisely why numerous Black contributions are also excluded from the annals of the pages of history.

 * In no particular order, your changes:

 * assert that it is "not a myth" he was the first president, and instruct us to "Consult the Library of Congress and the National Archive Records" - but does not anywhere suggest where the Library of Congress or the National Archive has stated this. It is clear from the presented details that his position is not the same as President of the United States.
 * assert with no source that "masonic circles" long assumed Hanson was black, and talk about "a white Hanson and a black Hanson" with no explanation of who these two are.
 * assert with no source that the vote was unanimous, despite no record of the vote tallies being made

 * If you can provide details as to why any of these are specifically inaccurate, I would love to hear them. But alluding to "the Library of Congress" and "masonic circles" as your sources, without any details, does not help us get anywhere. Shimgray | talk | 16:09, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

John Hanson was Black: Fact or Fiction?
Many people apparently have argued both for and against John Hanson being Black. Truth be told, I myself don't know as I've just recently been made aware of him. What I do know is that many Blacks who were the sons and daughters of mixed raced unions -- usually against the will of their Black mothers, ie. rapes -- passed for white and basically blended into white society. Take for example Alexander Hamilton. Although he looked white, he was actually mixed. When his brother attempted entry into the US via his native Barbados, he was almost sold into slavery. It was only at Alexander's behest that he escaped this fate. Furthermore, his mother is buried in the slave section of a cemetary in Barbados. This was hardly a fate afforded to a white person.

So was John Hanson Black? I still don't know. I will do my own research and make my own conclusions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.207.68.13 (talk • contribs) 05:23, February 4, 2005

john hanson is a white man! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.238.170.34 (talk • contribs) 12:08, May 10, 2007

Yes, John Hanson was Black, in fact he was the first Black President, actually the first President period with six other Black Presidents to follow. George Washington was the 8th president. Why is this not hard to believe the same people that created the fiction that Christopher Columbus discovered American when he was actually lost and lead to land that was inhibited by Indians. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.228.18.227 (talk) 20:22, 28 October 2019 (UTC)

The 2 dollar bill picture of John Hanson
This picture shows a darked skined man seated maybe first at the table signing the Declaration, and also.. so pictures that have been scoured online show 2 maybe even trhee different pictures12.111.192.164 13:20, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

African American ancestry myth
"There is no record that the grandfather was black"

Is there a source for any of this? Anyway, assuming there was no record that the grandfather was black, this means his ethnicity was unknown. So it doesn't seem right to dismiss this as a myth. There is no record he was white either. Unless there is more information, its probably better to not mention it at all.
 * A myth is a story that is unproven, but accepted as true for reasons having to do with values, cultural or religious beliefs. Hence, most Jesus stories are myths: they may or may not be true. No judgement is implied.
 * The myth here is not merely about ancestry. the claim is that Hanson was the descendant of an African American slave. However, this ties to the known fact that Hanson's grandfather was an indentured servant. All of that said, I have problems with the title of this article and the seeming WP:OR throughout. - Mdsummermsw (talk) 21:33, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

These are Facts, the Myths come from those that have altered that fact and feed the world lies for centuries

A "Black" Man, A Moor, John Hanson Was the First President of the United States! 1781-1782 A.D.??? George Washington was really the 8th President of the United States!

George Washington was not the first President of the United States. In fact, the first President of the United States was one John Hanson. Don't go checking the encyclopedia for this guy's name - he is one of those great men that are lost to history. If you're extremely lucky, you may actually find a brief mention of his name. The new country was actually formed on March 1, 1781 with the adoption of The Articles of Confederation. This document was actually proposed on June 11, 1776, but not agreed upon by Congress until November 15, 1777. Maryland refused to sign this document until Virginia and New York ceded their western lands (Maryland was afraid that these states would gain too much power in the new government from such large amounts of land).

Once the signing took place in 1781, a President was needed to run the country. John Hanson was chosen unanimously by Congress (which included George Washington). In fact, all the other potential candidates refused to run against him, as he was a major player in the revolution and an extremely influential member of Congress.

As the first President, Hanson had quite the shoes to fill. No one had ever been President and the role was poorly defined. His actions in office would set precedent for all future Presidents. He took office just as the Revolutionary War ended. Almost immediately, the troops demanded to be paid. As would be expected after any long war, there were no funds to meet the salaries. As a result, the soldiers threatened to overthrow the new government and put Washington on the throne as a monarch.

All the members of Congress ran for their lives, leaving Hanson as the only guy left running the government. He somehow managed to calm the troops down and hold the country together. If he had failed, the government would have fallen almost immediately and everyone would have been bowing to King Washington. In fact, Hanson sent 800 pounds of sterling silver by his brother Samuel Hanson to George Washington to provide the troops with shoes.

Hanson, as President, ordered all foreign troops off American soil, as well as the removal of all foreign flags. This was quite the feat, considering the fact that so many European countries had a stake in the United States since the days following Columbus.

Hanson established the Great Seal of the United States, which all Presidents have since been required to use on all official documents.

President Hanson also established the first Treasury Department, the first Secretary of War, and the first Foreign Affairs Department.

Lastly, he declared that the fourth Thursday of every November was to be Thanksgiving Day, which is still true today.

The Articles of Confederation only allowed a President to serve a one year term during any three year period, so Hanson actually accomplished quite a bit in such little time.

Six other presidents were elected after him - Elias Boudinot (1783), Thomas Mifflin (1784), Richard Henry Lee (1785), Nathan Gorman (1786), Arthur St. Clair (1787), and Cyrus Griffin (1788) - all prior to Washington taking office.

So what happened?

Why don't we ever hear about the first seven Presidents of the United States?

It's quite simple - The Articles of Confederation didn't work well. The individual states had too much power and nothing could be agreed upon.

A new doctrine needed to be written - something we know as the Constitution.

And that leads us to the end of our story.

George Washington was definitely not the first President of the United States. He was the first President of the United States under the Constitution we follow today.

And the first seven Presidents are forgotten in history. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.228.18.227 (talk) 20:25, 28 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Hanson (myths)


text:
Talk:Osage Indian murders

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Acgates.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 05:52, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
The text of article was obtained from U.S. Federal government site. Darwin 9:17, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Osage Indian murders. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6IuNe3DBH to http://blog.nmai.si.edu/main/2011/03/the-osage-murders-oil-wealth-betrayal-and-the-fbis-first-big-case.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130729090945/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/O/OS005.html to http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/O/OS005.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130729090945/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/O/OS005.html to http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/O/OS005.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Unmentioned is that the US Congress intentionally passed a law allowing the Indians to be cheated. The 1925 change in the law was not to correct an accident. The corruption in this cause went all the way to Washington DC. 2601:181:8301:4510:6DC9:B6B:E5A6:D379 (talk) 03:19, 13 June 2017 (UTC)

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:35, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Adding more information on Anna Brown's death and correcting a typo on a name
Hello, fellow Wikipedians!

I am currently adding two more sentences on Anna Brown's death as well as correcting Bryan Burkhart's name in the Charges and Trials section. Bryan Burkhart's name is spelled Bryan, not Bryon as listed in the section Charges and Trials. Also, Kelsie Morrison named another person as helping him with Anna Brown the night of her murder. Let me know what your thoughts are on this new addition. I hope what I provided is another building block in helping this article to grow. Acgates (talk) 23:22, 9 February 2018 (UTC)acgates

Editing a relationship error and providing a citation for it
Hello Fellow Wikipedians!

I have recognized an error in regards to an addition I made to the article in Feb. 2018. First of all, I listed Bryan Burkhart as Anna Brown's ex-husband, but he is actually an ex-boyfriend. They had an "on again, off again relationship". This was also flagged as citation needed however, I added the proper citation and removed the citation needed tag. Acgates (talk) 22:18, 21 June 2018 (UTC)acgates

Doesn't make sense
"At that time, eight lawyers were working in Pawhuska, the Osage County seat, which had 8,000 residents. The number of lawyers was said to be as great as Oklahoma City, which had 140,000 residents." 137.188.108.54 (talk) 20:37, 22 May 2023 (UTC)
 * It seems clear to me. Pawhuska had eight lawyers for 8,000 people and Oklahoma City also had eight lawyers, despite having a much larger population of 140,000 residents. But I'll reword it more clearly, just in case. JezGrove (talk) 22:33, 22 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Or in both locations there were 8 lawyers per 8000 inhabitants, which makes 17.5 lawyers in Oklahoma City, and 8 in Osage County. Mr.Lovecraft (talk) 13:53, 17 October 2023 (UTC)

The target of the murders
It says the mastermind of the murders were William Hale, but he seems to have been murdering his own family, so were the murdered family members part of the Osage Nation? 80.195.3.151 (talk) 00:36, 9 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Anna Brown, Lizzie Q, Anna Sanford, William Vaughn, Henry Roan, Rita Smith 80.195.3.151 (talk) 00:40, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The murdered family was Osage. Hale was not, but his family had married into the Osage family. The murders were so his relatives could inherit from their murdered in-laws. TulsaPoliticsFan (talk) 22:48, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * What about other 100+ victims? 147.161.130.201 (talk) 10:14, 15 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Short answer: a lot of unsolved murders in Osage County. TulsaPoliticsFan (talk) 15:08, 15 January 2024 (UTC)

Discussion of guardianship law
From the intro: "The United States Congress passed a law requiring half or full-blood Osage to have White guardians to oversee their management of wealth from the oil. They had to get approval for expenses and management of their own affairs. Many such guardianships became means for Whites to exploit the Osage and gain control of their wealth."

It seems more accurate to describe the law itself as exploitative. The current language, especially the final sentence, implies there were non-exploitative white guardians, which seems at odds with the nature of this relationship.

I think it would be appropriate to change the language last sentence to something like, "The United States Congress passed a law requiring half or full-blood Osage deemed "incompetent" to have White guardians to oversee their management of wealth from the oil. They had to get approval for expenses and management of their own affairs. This law became a means for Whites to exploit the Osage and gain control of their wealth." MoriniFrancoMotori (talk) 20:45, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Text of the law can be found here: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2010-title25/html/USCODE-2010-title25-chap9.htm MoriniFrancoMotori (talk) 20:46, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

Genocide
This article has been added to categories and infoboxes about genocide. Yet the article itself does not mention the term, and a Google Scholar search for "osage genocide" does not bring up anything labelling the murders genocide. Eldomtom2 (talk) 18:31, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Osage Indian murders


text:
Green pit viper

Green pit viper is a common name for several venomous snakes and may refer to:

 * Trimeresurus albolabris, native to southeastern Asia from India to China and Indonesia
 * Trimeresurus macrops, native to Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam
 * Trimeresurus trigonocephalus, endemic to Sri Lanka
 * Trimeresurus salazar, native to India and named after Salazar Slytherin of the Harry Potter fantasy literature series.

title: Green pit viper


text:
Jacques Villeret

Jacques Villeret (6 February 1951 – 28 January 2005) was a French actor, best known internationally for his role as François Pignon in the comedy Le Dîner de Cons. During his career, he earned many awards including the prestigious medal and title of Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur.

Life and career
Villeret was born Jacky Boufroura in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France, to an Algerian father and a French mother. He studied at the Conservatoire de Paris (CNSAD) in the same class as Louis Seigner, the grandfather of Emmanuelle Seigner and Mathilde Seigner. While he was most famous for his role as François Pignon in Le Dîner de Cons; both on the stage and in the film, his other celebrated roles included the extra terrestrial in La soupe aux choux, the autistic Mo in L'été en pente douce, and marshal Ludwig von Apfelstrudel in Papy fait de la résistance.

At the time of making the film Un aller simple directed by Laurent Heynemann – a film about integration and racism and the clash of generations – Villeret said that watching the young actors in the film, Barbara Schulz and Lorant Deutsch, reminded him of the insouciance he had had as a young man with his friends at the Conservatoire.

When his career was at its height, with the success of Le Dîner de Cons, everything collapsed in a tragedy mirroring the plot of the film. Villeret separated from his wife and suffered an enormous financial downfall due to tax issues, plunging him into depression. Villeret turned to alcohol for comfort, and became an alcoholic. He isolated himself and hid away for long periods. He later said: "Alcohol is a friend, but a friend who means you harm."

Villeret's love of his profession helped to bring his career back from the brink. In an interview in 2001 he spoke of his admiration for performers like Johnny Hallyday and Jacques Brel for their level of commitment, and quoted the author Louis-Ferdinand Céline: "When I write, I put my balls on the table."

In 1979 Villeret married Irina Tarassov, an actress and writer. They separated in 1998. Tarassov wrote about their life together in her book Un jour, tout ira bien. (One day, everything will go well).

In 2002 Villeret met Seny, a Senegalese-French widow descended through her grandfather, Mor Diarra N'Dao, from a long line of Sérès nobles of the ancient Kingdom of Saloum, and they fell instantly and deeply in love. They were partners for three years, and she was about to move to Paris to be with him when he died in Évreux in January 2005 of a liver haemorrhage. Seny wrote a memoir of their life together, Jacques Villeret, mon bébé blanc, which was published in Paris by Le Cherche Midi in 2005.

Theatre

 * 1990 : La Contrebasse
 * 1993 : Le Dîner de cons
 * 2000 : Jeffrey Bernard est souffrant

Awards

 * 1979 : César Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Robert et Robert
 * 1999 : César Award for Best Actor for Le Dîner de cons
 * 1999 : Lumières Award for Best Actor for Le Dîner de cons
 * Chevalier des Arts et Lettres
 * Légion d'honneur

title: Jacques Villeret


text:
Eurotiomycetes

Eurotiomycetes is a large class of ascomycetes with cleistothecial ascocarps within the subphylum Pezizomycotina, currently containing around 3810 species according to the Catalogue of Life. It is the third largest lichenized class, with more than 1200 lichen species that are mostly bitunicate in the formation of asci. It contains most of the fungi previously known morphologically as "Plectomycetes".

Internal relationships
The class Eurotiomycetes was circumscribed in 1997 by Swedish mycologists Ove Erik Eriksson and Katarina Winka. At that time it only contained the order Eurotiales, which together with the next order added, Onygenales, form a monophyletic group comprising most of the fungi in "Plectomycetes", a group no longer in use that unified fungi under exclusively morphological characteristics.

As more orders were added to Eurotiomycetes, the first two along with Arachnomycetales became constrained to the first subclass, Eurotiomycetidae. In 2001, the second subclass, Chaetothyriomycetidae, was erected to accommodate Chaetothyriales and its sister group Verrucariales, as well as Pyrenulales since 2004. These two remain as the major subclasses of Eurotiomycetes.

The remaining subclasses were created through more phylogenetic analyses to accommodate outlying taxa or newly discovered groups: Mycocaliciomycetidae in 2007, Coryneliomycetidae and Sclerococcomycetidae in 2016, and lastly Cryptocaliciomycetidae in 2021. The following cladogram shows the relationships between all Eurotiomycetes orders and monotypic subclasses as of 2021:

External relationships
The class Eurotiomycetes forms a clade with Lecanoromycetes, the largest lichenized class of fungi.

Taxonomy
As of 2022, the taxonomy of Eurotiomycetes recognizes 5 subclasses, 10 orders, 34 families and 289 valid genera. The families are listed here followed by the number of genera.
 * Subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae Doweld 2001
 * Order Chaetothyriales M.E. Barr 1987
 * Family Chaetothyriaceae Hansf. ex M.E. Barr 1979 – 19 genera
 * Family Coccodiniaceae Höhn. ex O.E. Erikss. – 4 genera
 * Family Cyphellophoraceae Réblová & Unter. – 2 genera
 * Family Epibryaceae S. Stenroos & Gueidan – 1 genus
 * Family Herpotrichiellaceae Munk – 17 genera
 * Family Lyrommataceae Lücking – 1 genus
 * Family Microtheliopsidaceae O.E. Erikss. – 1 genus
 * Family Paracladophialophoraceae Crous – 1 genus
 * Family Pyrenotrichaceae Zahlbr – 2 genera
 * Family Trichomeriaceae Chomnunti & K.D. Hyde (=Strelitzianaceae Crous & M.J. Wingf.) – 9 genera
 * Chaetothyriales incertae sedis – 11 genera
 * Order Phaeomoniellales K.H. Chen, A.E. Arnold, Gueidan & Lutzoni
 * Family Celotheliaceae Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (=Phaeomoniellaceae P.M. Kirk) – 11 genera
 * Order Pyrenulales Fink ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
 * Family Pyrenulaceae Rabenh. – 12 genera
 * Pyrenulales incertae sedis – 2 genera
 * Order Verrucariales Mattick ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
 * Family Adelococcaceae Triebel – 3 genera
 * Family Sarcopyreniaceae Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux – 1 genera
 * Family Verrucariaceae Zenker – 52 genera
 * Verrucariales incertae sedis – 4 genera
 * Chaetothyriomycetidae incertae sedis
 * Family Rhynchostomataceae Winka & O.E. Erikss. – 2 genera
 * Subclass Cryptocaliciomycetidae M. Prieto, Etayo and Olariaga 2021
 * Order Cryptocaliciales M. Prieto, Etayo and Olariaga 2021
 * Family Cryptocaliciaceae Etayo, Olariaga and M. Prieto – 1 genus
 * Subclass Coryneliomycetidae A.R. Wood, Damm, J.Z. Groenew., Cheew. & Crous
 * Order Coryneliales Seaver & Chardon
 * Family Coryneliaceae Sacc. ex Berl. & Voglino – 8 genera
 * Family Eremascaceae Engl. & E. Gilg – 2 genera
 * Subclass Eurotiomycetidae Geiser & Lutzoni
 * Order Arachnomycetales Gibas, Sigler & Currah
 * Family Arachnomycetaceae Gibas, Sigler & Currah – 2 genera
 * Order Eurotiales G.W. Martin ex Benny & Kimbr.
 * Family Aspergillaceae Link (=Monascaceae J. Schröt.) – 14 genera
 * Family Elaphomycetaceae Tul. ex Paol. – 2 genera
 * Family Penicillaginaceae Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson – 1 genus
 * Family Thermoascaceae Apinis – 2 genera
 * Family Trichocomaceae E. Fisch. – 9 genera
 * Order Onygenales Cif. ex Benny & Kimbr.
 * Family Ajellomycetaceae Unter., J.A. Scott & Sigler – 7 genera
 * Family Arthrodermataceae Currah – 11 genera
 * Family Ascosphaeraceae L.S. Olive & Spiltoir – 3 genera
 * Family Gymnoascaceae Baran. – 11 genera
 * Family Nannizziopsidaceae Guarro, Stchigel, Deanna A. Sutton & Cano – 1 genus
 * Family Onygenaceae Berk. – 34 genera
 * Family Spiromastigaceae Guarro, Cano & Stchigel – 4 genera
 * Onygenales incertae sedis – 3 genera
 * Eurotiomycetidae incertae sedis – 5 genera
 * Subclass Mycocaliciomycetidae Tibell
 * Order Mycocaliciales Tibell & Wedin
 * Family Mycocaliciaceae A.F.W. Schmidt (=Sphinctrinaceae M. Choisy) – 7 genera
 * Subclass Sclerococcomycetidae Réblová, Unter. & W. Gams
 * Order Sclerococcales Réblová, Unter. & W. Gams
 * Family Dactylosporaceae Bellem. & Hafellner (=Sclerococcaceae Réblová, Unter. & W. Gams) – 7 genera

Only one genus, Neocladophialophora, remains incertae sedis within the class.

Nomenclature
The scientific classification for this particular class is particularly tricky, with one particular species having both the anamorph (asexual form), and teleomorph (sexual form) names used in reference to them.
 * e.g. anamorph form = Penicillium; teleomorph form = Talaromyces or Eupenicillium.

Morphology
Many members (Eurotiales, Onygenales) produce an enclosed structure cleistothecium within which they produce their spores.

title: Eurotiomycetes


text: Category:Communes of Somme (department)

title: Category:Communes of Somme (department)