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Talk:Scottish Parliament Building

Utility
I'm intrigued that no one has pointed out what a terrible building it is to work in - layout impossible to follow and many rooms too small or too odd for furniture, people, kit. The chamber shape means that you are looking at the back of everyone's heads. Clearly designed by someone who was used to sculpture rather than design for purpose. Sebmelmoth (talk) 13:40, 18 August 2021 (UTC)

Photo
Seeing as the building is now finished, the construction photo seems a little dated. There are some wonderful photos at the Parliament website, which as far as I can see from their conditions, there would no problem with us using. What does anyone else think? Maccoinnich 01:53, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * I have replaced the first photo with a sunny picture from this morning. You won't get it much sunnier than that. I see no problem having the construction photo further down in the text, where it is already located.--Klaus with K 15:17, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

Fraser Inquiry
The Brief emphasised the importance of design and quality over quality and programme - not sure what that's supposed to mean. --duncan 00:43, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Debating Chamber
Does anyone know why the Debating Chamber is arranged roughly in a semi-circle (in three sections) as opposed to the facing benches (government and opposition) as in the Palace of Westminster and in other Westminster system parliaments, such as Australia, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand? ThirdEdition 03:53, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

It was to encourage a more co-operative and less adverserial style of politics. Most modern European parliaments have a similar layout. Apparently, the layout was intended to be even more forward facing; the layout as executed was something of a compromise.FrFintonStack 01:46, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Links in image captions?
I note that there are currently no links provided in any of the captions to images, eg. at "The distinctive windows of the MSP building inspired by Henry Raeburn's famous painting - the Skating Minister" it would seem logical to internally wikilink to the Henry Raeburn article and The Skating Minister article (and perhaps even the Member of the Scottish Parliament article).

Is this an ommission, or is it WP:MOS policy that we prefer not to link within captions? Is this something to do with the FA candidature?

I do not consider caption linking to be "duplicate" linking, as the images may be far removed from any links in the main text. But others may hold a different view.

I am willing to run through all the captions wikilinking appropriate items, but I just wondered if we had intentionally not done it for some reason. --Mais oui! 09:02, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

 * When I wrote the captions I wasn't sure about duplication of links, so I just left linking to the text. I don't see a problem with duplicate caption links, at all. Globaltraveller 17:30, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

Architecture
GTraveller - I've made a start expanding some of the architectural concept and will finish that and the "Criticism" (architectural and public) section tomorrow. I've added new headings and changed the hierarchy a bit to give some distinction to the building description and the other issued. I'd urge you to think again about moving the Fraser inquiry section to a separate article and summarising it in this - it's very detailed and a little brevity may help balance the article a bit better. --Mcginnly | Natter 02:34, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * P.S. I always sort images and layout last so sorry if it's now looking a bit ropey. --Mcginnly | Natter 02:42, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I am 110% adamant. The Fraser Inquiry stays (1B, remember?). It is far too an important to start hacking to death, substantially, and the bits on this article are the tip of the iceberg of any future Fraser Inquiry article. I will when I get time, determine if some of it can de dispensed with. If you want more room, rationalise the "Further problems" section, and incorporate that into the preceeding text (although the panoramic image of the chamber must stay) and delete the pretty irrelevant paragraph on the Parliament Building's opening hours, in the Parliamentary Complex section. Globaltraveller 09:13, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Ah good I was wondering about that paragraph - I'll keep something in about the public accessibility though. --Mcginnly | Natter 13:29, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

I've added most of what I wanted to say - there's a few bits still to do - expand the debating chamber a bit to include how it affords views of the landscape and its elevated continuation of the lines from arthur's seat - include a reference to the artwork on the cannongate wall - include some mention of the bomb blast engineering and affects to the design (cannon gate wall is one) - include the architectural reaction in the lead - expand the Garden lobby section a bit "one of the great processional routes in contemporary architecture" - finally, the more I think about it the more the article desparately needs a plan - I'll get on that tomorrow as a priority. Cheers. --Mcginnly | Natter 04:43, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, I have to admit I was very wary about the critic opinions being incorporated into the article, as I said elsewhere, but the way you've incorporated them into this article is great - and some of the extensions to the sustainability features are good. I do hope, though, there is not a great deal more, as the article is a bit on the big side - and we don't want to have to cut down on other things - because everything here is relevant, and part of the whole story of the building. A floor plan will be the icing on the cake. Globaltraveller 10:06, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Site Plan
Site plan of the Scottish Parliament

 * Any comments? subtractions, additions etc.? --Mcginnly | Natter 13:43, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * comment - from what I can see it looks very encyclopedic, illustrative, and informative. subtraction - I'd suggest subtracting ~ 23MB. this file is way too large for the info it contains, and it has viewing problems for me as a result. addition - you should probably add more source info. the image file says "|Source=Own Work" and my guess is it is derived from someone elses' drawing, surveying or satellite photo, and ultimately EMBT's plans so I'm unsure about the copyright status and whether you can claim cc-by-sa-2.5 on your version. DVD+ R/W 16:57, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Well my process for creating the plan was to download about 6 separate images of the plan from google including a google earth aerial photo, EMBT drawings, other parties diagrams and overlay them all in AutoCAD I then traced over the median resulting lines (there's some quite big descrepancies between all the images) and then coloured it up in photoshop - I'm fairly confident it's sufficiently my own work to claim cc-by-sa-2.5. I've reduced the file size now to 890Kb --Mcginnly | Natter 17:33, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
 * If you could convert it to SVG that would likely be even better. Nice picture BTW. HTH HAND Phil | Talk 18:09, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Nice work. Where abouts can it go? Deleting the Politics of Scotland infobox, might free up some room? Globaltraveller 14:56, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I think we introduce it in the "Parliamentary complex" section - this is where we get to the nitty gritty of the design so it makes sense to have a handy plan to reference the text to. I think losing the infobox would be a good idea - or at least replacing it with a 100% wide one at the bottom of the article. I'm hopefully going to finish up tonight and then give you a support vote at the FAC - can we find a better, more arresting image for the lead paragraph? perhaps:-

Getting rid of the infobox is fine. Of the images, I'd say the second or possibly third might be the best in the Lead section. The first one doesn't look that great IMO - it looks like it has got a severe case of the colouroids. But anything would be fine. What about on the Scottish Parliament website. I'm not sure about the licensing, but from their conditions it doesn't seem like there would be much problem using them here? Globaltraveller 15:44, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm no authority on copyright either - but I generally try and avoid fair use images in FA candidates - people seem to be a bit snippy about it. I think maybe the debating chamber chairs could be a good opening image. --Mcginnly | Natter 17:38, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Other Images
All free use --Mcginnly | Natter 10:22, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Needs a final copyedit
I'm done now Global, it could do with a fresh pair of eyes for spelling, image placement etc. but I'm really happy we've got all the facets of this complicated building covered now. --Mcginnly | Natter 01:33, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Excellent job, well done, Thanks. I take it all back ;-) Globaltraveller 09:35, 10 January 2007 (UTC)
 * You're welcome - it was a fantastic article to begin with - before I stuck my oar in. --Mcginnly | Natter 13:30, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Repeated quote, proofread
The following quote is repeated, in the intro and in the Debating chamber section: I am not sure that repetition like that is a very good idea, but I left it in for others to consider it.
 * "a tour de force of arts and crafts and quality without parallel in the last 100 years of British architecture"

I have proofread the article, and it seems very good to me. We had been a bit inconsistent with the capitalising of "Parliament", "Building", "Canongate building" (lower-case "b") etc etc. Could someone in-the-know please make sure that we are capitalising the names of individual buildings and rooms correctly and consistently. This is one problem with multi-author wikis - inconsistent style. I hope I have caught most of them. --Mais oui! 09:32, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the proof read. I swapped the quote in the body of the article for an alternative - "It is an arts and crafts building, designed with high-tech flair. You really have to go back to the Houses of Parliament in London to get interior design of such a high creative level - in fact, it is more creative" --Mcginnly | Natter 01:39, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It was a pleasure. Good alt quote. --Mais oui! 09:05, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Some editing comments
I would like to make some minor suggestions on the text.

Second paragraph: Should "The choice of location, architect, design and construction company were all criticised..." rather be "The choices of location, architect, design and construction company were all criticised..." (the choices were criticised).

Second paragraph: Perhaps "initial estimates of between £10m and £40m" rather than "initial costings of between £10m and £40m." Stefán 21:18, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

 * If you think you can improve the flow of the prose, then please do so. Bear in mind though, "estimate" and "estimated" are over used words in this article (including about two words before the example you use here), and it doesn't make the prose very good if they are repeated all the time, and in such short succession. And you are right, one can be too accurate. Globaltraveller 21:56, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, I will make edits I am sure of and raise the points which I am not sure about there. As for the accuracy, the reference we have says some 4 acres and approximately 480m. Thus it is way too accurate to say 16187m2. Must go shopping now, more later Stefán 22:08, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I have more time to explain myself now.
 * I am simply not sure whether it is better English to have choice in the singular or the plural in the sentence I quoted above.
 * I didn't know the word costing in the sense "an estimation of cost" but I checked it in the OED so I have no problem with that.
 * From Manual of Style (dates and numbers) Converted values should use a level of precision similar to that of the source value. For example, "the Moon is 380,000 kilometres (240,000 mi) from Earth", not "(236,121 mi)". Stefán 01:48, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * There has to be an agreement on the use of apostrophes on the word MSP. Newspapers seem to use the following convention. One MSP, many MSPs, one MSP's desk, many MSPs' desks. This is the scheme I am following as there was no consistent scheme before. Also, I am talking about Miralles's wife as newspapers seem to do. Stefán 02:51, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
 * User:Mais oui! has now stated in an edit summary that the possessive of Miralles is Miralles', not Miralles's. I disagree with this. To support my argument I would mention eg. the Guardian style guide (scroll down to apostrophes) which says we should talk about Bridget Jones's diary, as indeed we do. In the debates in the Parliament itself there is talk of Mr Miralles's invitation  and Enric Miralles's entry and several other such phrases at . I must mention that sometimes the s is dropped, this is the rule for certain fixed phrases such as Achilles' heel and there is one mention of Senor Miralles' death in the second link I provided. There is probably more examples to be found of both usages but I would prefer to follow the Guardian style guide. A search for Miralles' design on Guardian Unlimited  gives 12 results, whereof one is irrelevant, 9 have Miralles's design and two have Miralles' design. Stefán 06:52, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Please note that the Guardian section invoked above in fact states:

 * The possessive in words and names ending in S normally takes an apostrophe followed by a second S (Jones's, James's), but be guided by pronunciation and use the plural apostrophe where it helps: Mephistopheles', Waters', Hedges' rather than Mephistopheles's, Waters's, Hedges's.

 * Miralles's/Miralles' could be added as a further textbook example, and the article therefore supports the opposite position to that which you propose. Please note also that Bridget Jones's Diary is a proper noun, which is thus replicated regardless of its accuracy.212.20.248.186 (talk) 14:50, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Holyrood inquiry image
This is an excellent article which has a lot of beautiful photos, one superb map and one public domain picture, all illustrating and emphasising the content of the article. Then it has one horribly looking logo which illustrates nothing, it is just two words with some ugly background colouring. Does anybody mind if it were to disappear? Additionally, the use of the logo falls under "fair use" which some people don't like. Stefán 08:05, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, it should stay, either that or a Free Use one of something similar of the inquiry. If you know of, or can find another Free Use or public domain image of the inquiry, then that would be great. The image is also under a specific Fair Use licence and not the General one that causes problems. Globaltraveller 08:49, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Look, this point about it being fair use is very minor as it has an excellent fair use claim and fair use images are allowed. It is the quality of the logo which really gets me. Still, even such a bad logo should be in an article if it was there to illustrate something important about the article. This doesn't illustrate anything that two words of text couldn't illustrate just as well. It does raise another question though, this section of the article is titled Fraser Inquiry and then talks about a public inquiry without giving it a name, whereas the logo suggests that the name is the Holyrood Inquiry. From TV, I recall the name Fraser inquiry but perhaps we should give both. I will add it to the article. Stefán 18:17, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, I agree it isn't great, but it'll just stay for the moment. When we get a better image of the Inquiry (or perhaps Lord Fraser) or something connected to it then it can be replaced. For the time being, it is the best we have. Globaltraveller 18:32, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I like the idea of an image of Lord Fraser - surely not too difficult to obtain - alternatively - where was the inquiry held? maybe a picture of the location? --Mcginnly | Natter 20:41, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
 * There was some of him on the Inquiry website, but to be honest, they weren't all that great either. An image of him would probably be best. Looking at the website, the Land Court appears to be on George Street in the centre of Edinburgh Grosvenor Crescent in the centre of Edinburgh. I'll be near that area tomorrow. I am quite happy to take my camera, and if I have time, see whether it would make a good photograph or not. Globaltraveller 20:52, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Out of interest, did you see this ? - There's this image in the article about him:- --Mcginnly | Natter 10:46, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I've been bold and replaced the logo with the image of lord fraser --Mcginnly | Natter 10:54, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
 * No but that's much better. Unfortunately though, the image fails Fair Use because "technically" it could be replaced by a free use image (as the subject is still living). This would have been flagged at the FAC if it was on the article, then. Incidentally the Scottish Land Court wouldn't make a pretty good image, anyway. The building is now derelict. Thanks Globaltraveller 14:29, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
 * The photo of Peter Fraser doesn't seem to pass the Wikipedia fair use guidlines so I have removed it (and commented it out from Mcginnly's text above). Please reconsider whether there needs to be any image in this section. There already is an abundance of images in the article which illustrate and emphasise various aspects of the text but neither an image of Fraser nor the logo illustrate anything. They only have a decorative role (which is why it is extra bad that the logo really isn't decorative at all).
 * If you feel there desperately has to be an image for this section, I can offer two suggestions. A photo of the building illustrating some element of the building that was emphasised in the report or related to the cost increases. Eg. the image which is already in the article [[Image:Scottish Parliament with G8 police DSC05008.JPG|thumb|right]] pointing out the increased cost due to security reasons. Another suggestion. If somebody is able to go the National Library on George IV Bridge and take a photo of the report. Stefán 17:50, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The images are not there for "decorative purposes" just to make the article "look nice", the images in sections, should be relevant to the sections, therefore an image in the Fraser Inquiry section should be related to the Fraser Inquiry. And yes, the section does need an image. If we can't find one, then the logo will have to do.Globaltraveller 18:06, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
 * As I said, all the other images in the article (and there are quite a few of them) are very nice and serve a purpose. But neither the logo nor the image of Lord Fraser taken in a different context have an illustrative purpose for a discussion on the report. That is why I said they are only decorative. (An image of the report or an image of where the inquiry was held also don't have any illustrative purpose.) Thus my main suggestion is just to have no image for this section, it doesn't need one, why do you say it does? Stefán 18:14, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

 * To balance a text heavy section, and to illustrate that section, like all the others do. Globaltraveller 19:01, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Timeline
I feel there should be consistency in the dates of the timeline: Either we give give each date only as a month or we try and find exact dates for as many events as we can. For example we can see from that the first parliamentary date took place on 17 June 1999. Actually, I would prefer to have just the month because dating an event of the form "when something became known" can be slightly iffy as different people got to know the thing on different days as the news spread.

While on the subject of dates, we quote the Scotsman timeline as saying that the original estimate of the cost became known in September 1997. That is actually the date of the election. The Fraser Inquiry timeline says that in July 1997 a white-paper was published indicating the original cost estimate. I think I am correct in saying that that would be the time when the original cost estimate became known. Stefán 18:39, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

July is probably the date to go with. We should be exact as we can, for example the two parliamentary debates on 17th June and the 5th of April are known (and btw such full dates should be linked under WP:MOS). It really doesn't matter what individuals knew when, it is when these things are in the public domain that is important. Globaltraveller 18:44, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Election time - WikiProject Scotland discussion
Please comment/contribute at: While you are there, please feel free to sign up as a member of the WikiProject, or just give it a "Watch". Ta. --Mais oui! 09:10, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Scotland

'S math sin
I don't know much about architecture, so I'm all the more impressed with the high quality of this article, both in terms of the content and in terms of the presentation. All who worked on it share in the success, deservedly. Chan e gogadh nan ceann a ni an t-iomradh. — OtherDave 02:20, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

What qualifies as "aerial view"?
Regarding one of the image captions, is a photo from a nearby mountain still an "aerial view"?

Main Image

does anyone else think the one on the right is a terrible picture of the buildings. Its hard to see, and hard to tell what building is which...

I'd prefer to see the one below as the main image, as its a bit brighter and easier to see.

Thoughts? Kennedygr 10:55, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I would say the one on the right is much better, and certainly much better and clearer than the one on the left, which looks terribly blurred and out of focus, as if someone let the colour run when it was drying out. The main image is there to give an overview of the complex, the specifics of the different component parts are shown more clearly in subsequent photographs. And for that reasons, the current image is far clearer. Globaltraveller 12:47, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

Succession box
I might be wrong, but shouldn't the succession box at the bottom show the last home of the Parliament as being the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland where they were based before this building was finished?- J Logan t: 11:53, 3 February 2008 (UTC)
 * No, you are totally right. The succession box has been amended to show this. Thanks Globaltraveller (talk) 10:55, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Merge
I am suggesting merging Canongate Wall into the artwork section. Most of the information is here already, and unless the Canongate Wall article can be substantially expanded, I don't see the need for a separate article. Would appreciate other editors views. Thanks, Jonathan Oldenbuck (talk) 09:32, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I'd say it needs to be expanded rather than merged. Ha! (talk) 14:38, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Proposal to remove date-autoformatting
Dear fellow contributors

MOSNUM no longer encourages date autoformatting, having evolved over the past year or so from the mandatory to the optional after much discussion there and elsewhere of the disadvantages of the system. Related to this, MOSNUM prescribes rules for the raw formatting, irrespective of whether or not dates are autoformatted. MOSLINK and CONTEXT are consistent with this.

There are at least six disadvantages in using date-autoformatting, which I've capped here:

Removal has generally been met with positive responses by editors. I'm seeking feedback about this proposal to remove it from the main text (using a script) in about a week's time on a trial basis/ The original input formatting would be seen by all WPians, not just the huge number of visitors; it would be plain, unobtrusive text, which would give greater prominence to the high-value links. Tony  (talk)  08:36, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

Precise Holyrood boundaries?
I have read somewhere that there is some sense in which Holyrood has precise boundaries, where some special laws apply, and that the Scottish Parliament Building is actually just outside those boundaries. Can anyone confirm this, and provide more detail? Laurel Bush Laurel Bush (talk) 11:34, 6 October 2008 (UTC).

Who owns the buildings?
This edit raises a rather interesting question: who actually does own the land and the buildings and structures on it? If not the Scottish Government, then who? Cos somebody must!

I understand that the land (or most of it), used to belong to Scottish & Newcastle, but I assume that the successor company to S&N no longer own it. --Mais oui! (talk) 11:26, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Malcolmxl5 (talk) 16:25, 2 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Scottish Parliament Building → ?

– Please see my query about correct grammar below. Gryffindor (talk) 18:29, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

correct spelling Scottish parliament building?
This is rather confusing, what is the correct term in correct English grammar?

1) Scottish Parliament Building

2) Scottish Parliament building

2) Scottish parliament building

Any ideas? Gryffindor (talk) 12:19, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Oppose. This is a featured article. If there was any issue with its capitalisation, it would not be a featured article. All of your suggested terms are correct English grammar. The first one is also correct English capitalisation. And, as you would expect for a featured article, it is the one used in the article. -- Derek Ross | Talk'' 19:05, 21 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Perfectly correct. -- Necrothesp (talk) 15:51, 22 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose nothing wrong with current title.--Staberinde (talk) 10:03, 1 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Nothing wrong with the current title.  Please do not list RMs without first establishing a preferred target.  Discuss first, vote when discussion requires a decision.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 08:08, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

New images for debating chamber
I've taken some new images of the debating chamber that you may wish to use.

-- Colin°Talk 18:52, 3 January 2014 (UTC)

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Intro
I've deleted this long bit tacked on to the end of the intro, which seems to be a defence against points made by the intro, primarily because its only source was published 3 years before the building was completed! 90.198.224.197 (talk) 11:42, 26 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Insiders on the project have refuted claims that the project ran hugely over-budget. The oft-cited figure of £40million is argued to be a "mythical figure" by a consultant, who guessed parliament would resemble a four-storey office block. Initially capped at £195million pounds the project's cost became unlimited in July 2001 following an overwhelmingly supported vote by MSPs to remove the cap, in order that Scotland had a parliament worthy of its aspirations. Additional, unforeseen costs, including security concerns, added complications to design and construction costs. The entire specification of the project also changed, after the client changed from the Scottish Executive to the Scottish Parliament, somewhat changing the project's design.

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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20120120181054/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/news/1_4_98/pr0029.htm to http://www.scotland.gov.uk/news/1_4_98/pr0029.htm
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20070103111235/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk:80/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-09.htm to http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/holyrood/inquiry/sp205-09.htm#6
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20070517014116/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk:80/business/officialReports/meetingsParliament/or-99/or011010.htm to http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/officialReports/meetingsParliament/or-99/or011010.htm
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20070517013516/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk:80/business/officialReports/meetingsParliament/or-00/or051302.htm to http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/officialReports/meetingsParliament/or-00/or051302.htm#Col1290

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TFA rerun
Any objections to throwing this article into the current pile of potential TFA reruns (currently being developed at User:Dank/Sandbox/2)? Any cleanup needed? I see 1 dead link. - Dank (push to talk) 20:21, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Demonstrations Section
Ends with "they refused to leave". Does that mean they are still there? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.98.95.20 (talk) 00:34, 7 November 2021 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Unreviewed featured articles/2020/2004–2009
This article was reviewed as part of this drive:Unreviewed featured articles/2020/2004–2009. The following problems were noted, if the article is not updated then a Featured Article Review will be necessary.

 * The archaeology section is a list which would be better served in prose.
 * There is a controversy section, this info should be relocated elsewhere in the article.
 * No section is called "Design" making it hard to find the architecture of the building. Instead that information is blended into a description of the modern workings of the building.
 * No section is called "construction" so its hard to find the timeline of events while being built
 * The Demonstrations section looks like a news item and should be removed.

Desertarun (talk) 11:29, 27 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Note: Scottish Parliament was another FA by the same nominator, it was already delisted at FAR (t · c)  buidhe  20:32, 30 January 2023 (UTC)

Old parliament building
Does anybody know if there were no suggestion about using the old parliament building as parliament again and rather build a bew building for the court? Why didnt it happen? 2A02:AA7:4008:6C00:1:1:6E8F:64AC (talk) 02:49, 4 October 2023 (UTC)

Margo's bar?
Recent news articles refer to the parliament building as having a parliamentary bar called Margo's. Shouldn't this be mentioned in the article? 2.30.72.200 (talk) 19:19, 9 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scottish Parliament Building


text:
The Sand Child

The Sand Child (l'Enfant de sable) is a 1985 novel by Moroccan author Tahar Ben Jelloun. First published in France, the novel's message expresses on multiple levels ideas about the post-colonial condition of Morocco while also emphasising themes relating to the construction of individual identities. It can also be seen as a critique of "traditional" Islamic and Moroccan morals, with specific reference to the position of women. There are strong elements of magical realism in the novel.

Ben Jelloun continued the story of Mohammed Ahmed/Zahra in his award-winning 1987 novel, The Sacred Night.

Plot
The book is a lyrical account of the life of Mohammed Ahmed, the eighth daughter of Hajji Ahmed Suleyman. Frustrated by his failure to bring a son into the world, Ahmed's father is determined that his youngest daughter will be raised as a boy, with all the rights and privileges that go along with it. The first part of the book describes the father's efforts to thwart suspicion that his child is a boy, especially from his jealous brothers, who look to inherit Ahmed's fortune. Using bribery and deceit, the masquerade succeeds. Mohammed Ahmed is circumcised (blood is drawn from her imaginary penis when Hajji Ahmed (Father) intentionally cuts his finger over the child during the ceremony), his breasts are bound, and he even marries his cousin Fatima, a sickly epileptic girl, who dies young. Only the father, the mother, and the midwife are ever aware of the hoax that is being perpetrated.

The story is told by a wandering storyteller, who reveals the tale, bit by bit, to an enthusiastic—though sometimes skeptical—audience. To verify his story, the storyteller claims to quote from a journal that Mohammed Ahmed kept, revealing his innermost thoughts about his confused gender identity. Mohammed Ahmed also reveals himself through correspondence with a mysterious friend, who writes him letters challenging his identity.

The book changes direction after Fatima's death and the disappearance of the storyteller, forced away by the modernization of the country. The remainder of the journal has been lost, but some of the crowd that once listened to the storyteller continues to meet and share how they see the story ending. Each of them describes Mohammed Ahmed's transition back to womanhood, where she assumes the identity of Zahra. Their stories have different endings, some happy, others tragic, until a blind troubador, a fictionalised version of Jorge Luis Borges, continues the tale leading up to Mohammed Ahmed/Zahra's death.

Characters
Ahmed: The main character. An eighth child who was born a female, but was raised and presented to the society as a male. It is "his" story that is being told and "his" journal that is being read to the audience.

Story teller/narrator: multiple, with varying connection to Ahmed, character(s) as well as narrator(s)

Malika: She is the loyal female housekeeper/maid of the house. She is discreet, gentle and "never asked questions".

Ahmed's mother: She is the mother of Ahmed and 7 other daughters. She is obedient and subservient to her husband.

Ahmed's father: He is the father of Ahmed. He is traditional, desperately wants a son to continue his lineage and inheritance. He blames his wife, whom he physically abuses, for not giving him a son. He is the person who decides Ahmed, his last born daughter, to be raised as a male.

Fatima: She is Ahmed's cousin. She is born with a limp and is epileptic, and has always been treated as a failure by her family and the society. She is taken by Ahmed as his wife and is used to cover up "his" secret. She dies early in life.

Um Abbas: female, leader of a circus, takes Ahmed in

Lalla Zahra: Ahmed's female persona (98).

Salem: 1st of the three alternate end storytellers, black son of slave.

Amar: 2nd of the three alternate end storytellers. He is a retired school teacher and says that he has salvaged the manuscript.

Fatuma: Last of the three alternate end storytellers. An old woman, literate, comes from family that was happy to have daughters, has no children or a husband.

The story-teller and the story
L'Enfant de Sable incorporates traditional Arabic and oral story-telling strategies to form a frame-story. The character who tells the story of Ahmed is an eccentric character, who is often doubted by his marketplace audiences. This approach to story-telling may be indicative of the author's own love for Arabic cultural traditions and appreciation of the story as the most important cultural dimension. The surreal characteristics of the story-teller character also plays a major role in other thematic categories (most importantly those of deceit and surrealism). The scenes in which the story-teller is doubted are moments in which the reader may realize the credibility of the narrator; the scenes in which the story-teller uses abstract images and language suggest the intrinsic nature of the story as the reader understands it.

Deceits, mysteries, and partitions
There are many cases in the novel when characters attempt to hide parts of themselves or others; the story is inherently embedded in a sort of mystery. The first chapter describes Ahmed as isolating himself, between Ahmed's father and his daughters "was a wall", and festivities are held in the name of lies. The novel on the whole is about this mystery—this deceit. Ahmed's father hides the truth about his "son", Ahmed's mother binds his chest as to avoid breast growth, and so on.

Bodily harm
Often in this novel a character will cause harm to a body, whether it be to themselves or to others. Before Ahmed is born, much harm is caused to the body of the mother in order to prevent another daughter. When Ahmed is to be circumcised, his father spills his own blood to hide the truth. There is an instant in the book when Ahmed's mother is said to be growing tired of her own daughters and strikes "her belly to punish herself."

Surrealism and abstraction
The Sand Child can be read as a work of surrealism or of magical realism. Blogger Amy Owen describe the "dream-like states, hallucinations, and allusions to Andre Breton and the exquisite corpse [as giving] Ben Jelloun’s work a magical intoxicated quality." The narrator and even Ahmed himself often use surrealistic imagery and abstract language as forms of expression.

Gender ambiguity
The questions of gender ambiguity is perhaps the most essential. Ahmed's male gender is a reflection of his parents' desire for a male child. As Ahmed matures, he begins to identify as a woman named Zahra. The different endings of the story differ as to the character's end gender. These depictions of gender serve as Ben Jelloun's literary investigation into views of gender, and especially a certain prioritization of the male, in early 20th century Morocco.

Narrative strategies
In The Sand Child, there are two major narrative strategies. One of the major narrative strategies is the use of a frame story, a story in a story, which gives a perspective of the narrator and his thoughts while also giving the reader a questionable story that may reflect the questioning of the narrator. Another narrative strategy is the first person journal entries. In these, the reader gets a first person account of what Ahmed is trying to say, and what they’re thinking. The fact that the story is written in third person while the journals are in first person shows the importance of the “story inside of a story” framework. This type of writing allows readers two different perspectives and a chance to reflect and make their own choices about how to understand the "truth" of the story.

Cultural and historical context
The Sand Child is set in early 20th-century Morocco and challenges Moroccan culture as well as, more subtly, the French occupation of Morocco. In particular, the treatment of women in Morocco comes under scrutiny. While the story is set in the 1950s, it responds in many ways to the treatment of women since the 1960s, when Hassan II took rule over Morocco. In 1956, King Mohammed V first claimed independence for Morocco from France and was known as a fairly forward ruler. Then, in 1961, Hassan took over and reinstated deeply conservative traditions in the period known as “The year of the Iron Fist”. This period was marked by violence against women and girls. Much has changed since Mohammed VI took over in 1999. The Sand Child takes as its focus the belief that male children (Ahmed) in early-to mid-20th-century Moroccan culture were more valuable than female children. This is seen throughout the novel as Ahmed acknowledges the special privileges of males, specifically that of being able to attend Quranic school. Ben Jelloun was praised for his critique of gender roles in Morocco by women’s groups.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Sand Child


text:
Yan Can Cook

Yan Can Cook is a Chinese-oriented cooking show starring Chef Martin Yan that featured recipes for stir fried foods and an assortment of various other traditional Chinese meals and cooking techniques. The series first aired in Calgary, Alberta, Canada (CFAC-TV) in 1978 and later in San Francisco, California, United States in 1982 on PBS (KQED). Yan also wrote several cookbooks which serve as companions to these various television series.

Presentation style
Chef Yan's style of presentation was infused with (and today continues to feature) humor; during this program's original run he became known for his main catchphrase, "If Yan can cook, so can you, zai jian (goodbye in Mandarin Chinese)/zoi gin (goodbye in Cantonese)!", with which he signed off on each show. He used a second catchphrase, "Something fishy here! [sic]", used whenever he cooked seafood. One of his other trademarks was to chop food frantically with a sharp cleaver while grinning towards the camera. This show is shot on stage.

title: Yan Can Cook


text:
Talk:Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China

Dispute from 2005
There is a dispute between two versions. To see the other version:, to compare:

The law is titled 中华人民共和国道路交通安全法 not 大陸人民共和国道路交通安全法. Please use the real name. It doesnt matter if it's only applied in mainland China. Just say so in the article. Let's not make up the title--Jiang 01:57, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Disputed
What is there to dispute? Please use the discussion page so this template can be removed. Can the dispute be made as a single problem statement? SchmuckyTheCat 20:15, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * This law is only valid, applicable and applied within mainland China, despite its title. — Instantnood 06:23, Mar 29, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Infoshop

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:18, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Infoshop
Neologism/dicdef for a book shop or website distributing anarchist literature. Seems to mainly an ad for www.infoshop.org, which is an Alexa rank 82,000 web site. Delete --BM 01:58, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Advertising based neologism? Oy vey! --InShaneee 02:55, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep As noted, infoshops are well established around the world (for instance, see List of infoshops). The existence of many infoshops predates the registration of infoshop.org by decades. A Google search for "anarchist infoshop" yields 28,000 results even when you exclude infoshop.org. Please note that the original version of this article (created by myself) did not mention infoshop.org. Finally, I agree that this article needs to be further expanded in order to move beyond the scope of a dictionary definition and I will help work on that. --Nihila 05:54, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism, website advertisement. Megan1967 06:23, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep; what is the basis for claiming neologism? I don't believe the term is terribly new... -- Jmabel | Talk 07:52, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Maybe it's a paleologism, but it's still an ad. Oh, and while we're at it please delete List of infoshops as well, as that further substantiates the ad. Radiant! 09:01, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. A typical cleanup case. Mikkalai 09:48, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as an article about anarchist bookshops, include a list of countires where there are infoshops to keep some of the infomation from the List of infoshops --nixie 12:27, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, clean-up, no apparent reason for VfD listing. Dan100 12:52, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Nominations should not be made without research unless the article is nonsense. This term is common in the UK, though not primarily for this purpose. Wincoote 14:41, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. It may not be a neologism, but it is still just a dicdef of a slang term.  The factoid that for some strange reason, anarchists call their bookshops "infoshops" is not encyclopedic or expandable. --BM 15:05, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Would transwikiing be a reasonable compromise? Radiant! 22:35, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * No. Wincoote 07:09, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. ComCat 08:50, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Considering the term has been around longer than desktop computers, yet many wiki articles are about obsure terms that deal w/ gamers or internet culture related topics, the neologism/slang argument makes no sense.  And enough with the bookstore bit, an infoshop is not a GD bookstore.  Bookstores sell books, infoshops act as hubs for the exchange of information (before the internet, and for those without internet, an infoshop was/is one of the most efficent forms for communicating ideas to an entire community). millerc 04:11, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:24.156.82.189

title: User talk:24.156.82.189


text:
Conformer

A conformer is a clear acrylic shell fitted after an enucleation of the eye if the final artificial eye is not available at the time of surgery, to hold the shape of the eye socket and allow the eyelids to blink over the shell without rubbing the suture line. The conformer shell holds the shape ready for the artificial eye, and is worn for six to eight weeks after surgery. Some ocularists will make a temporary artificial eye which can be worn as the conformer shell.

title: Conformer


text:
Daily Collegian

The Daily Collegian is a student-produced news outlet, with a newspaper and website, that is published independently at the Pennsylvania State University. The newspaper is printed once a week during the fall and spring semesters, and not at all during the summer semester. It is distributed for free at Penn State University Park, the university's main campus, and mailed to paid subscribers across the country.

Collegian Inc., which publishes the Daily Collegian, is an independent, nonprofit corporation and has a board of directors that is composed of faculty, students, and professionals. The mission statement of Collegian Inc. is "to publish a quality campus newspaper and to provide a rewarding educational experience for the student staff members."

The Daily Collegian has historically been considered one of the top student-run college newspapers in the United States receiving multiple notable journalism awards including National Pacemaker Awards, top rankings from The Princeton Review, and Sigma Delta Chi Awards.

The Daily Collegian traces its founding back to the Free Lance, a monthly student magazine published by students and faculty of Pennsylvania State University, which began printing in April 1887. The Free Lance struggled structurally and financially eventually disbanding in April 1904. The next semester, in October 1904, the State Collegian emerged with much of the same leadership as the previous publication. The name of the publication was changed to the Penn State Collegian in 1911, and the paper began publishing on a semi-weekly basis in September 1920. The success of semi-weekly printing lead the paper to began publishing daily in 1940, changing its name to the Daily Collegian.

In 1996, the Daily Collegian began pursuing a larger digital presence, creating The Digital Collegian in 1996, the publications website that provides online access to articles digitally and print stories dating from 1988 to the present. Daily printing continued until 2017, when the Daily Collegian announced it would move away from printing five days a week and would instead print twice a week, on Mondays and Thursdays. The shift was made as a majority of the publication's readership was coming from its online publication.

The Free Lance
The Free Lance was a monthly news magazine at Pennsylvania State University, which was first published in April 1887. The first copies of the Free Lance were shipped to State College, Pennsylvania by the Bellefonte Central train. The arrival of the first issue of the publication was celebrated by a large group of students who waited for the train and paraded down College Avenue in Downtown State College to purchase their copy. The first issue of the news magazine was twelve pages long and was sold for fifteen cents a copy.

Most of the articles inside of the Free Lance were opinion pieces on national events penned by professors and alumni of the university. Much of the news coverage coming from the publication had already become public knowledge by the time each monthly edition was released. The Free Lance mostly took an approach to filling in holes in stories and giving opinion on events rather than reporting them first hand.

In 1895, the Free Lance transitioned away from news and moved its focus to become a literary magazine publishing essays, poems and short stories. This move lead the already cash strapped publication to collapse. In April 1901, as subscribers declined the Free Lance begged for support from the university, students, and alumni to continue its publication. Throughout the next three years editors continued to asks for financial support and payment from delinquent subscribers. The requests were not met and the magazine concluded publication with its April 1904 edition, which did not appear on campus until May of that year.

The State Collegian
The semester after publication ceased on the Free Lance, its former editor and much of the former periodical's staff founded the State Collegian, a weekly newspaper. The newspaper was established independent of the university's control and produced its first issue in October 1904. In its first edition the State Collegiain editor William B. Hoke penned an editorial outlining the decline of the Free Lance and how the new paper would be different. Hoke outlined a mission to have a paper that contained news and events from around the community citing the failure of its predecessor to its shift away from news based content.

The paper was published once a week on Thursdays, added photos and began printing in broadsheet form rather than on tabloid-size paper. The paper was printed by Nittany Printing and Publishing Co., publishers of the State College Times, now the Centre Daily Times, where the State Collegian shared a downtown office with the State College paper.

Penn State Collegian
In 1911, the State Collegian made the decision to change its masthead and publication name to Penn State Collegian to be more definite and expressive of its location and mission to report on the university and student issues.

In 1914, a subscriptions to the Penn State Collegian cost $1.50 per year. Printing of the publication was interrupted because of materials shortages caused by World War I during the fall semester of 1918. The publication began printing its paper semi-weekly, publishing Tuesday and Friday editions In the fall semester of 1920. Reporters covered all aspects of daily life as well as global events.

In 1930, the State Collegian moved its offices to "Journalism Alley," on the third floor of Old Main.

Daily Collegian
After the publishers of the Penn State Collegian approved a move to begin printing the newspaper daily the masthead of the paper was changed to the Daily Collegian. The publication began publishing five days a week, Tuesday through Saturday. During this transition the publishing offices of the paper were moved to the basement of the Carnegie Library, now known as the Carnegie Building. The first issue of the newly daily paper was published on September 5, 1940. More than a year after making the switch to daily print, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and the U.S. entered World War II. The Daily Collegian cut production days due to wartime rationing and shortages of materials printing weekly instead of daily from 1944 until the beginning of 1947.

In 1956, the Daily Collegian became a member of the Associated Press, submitting their stories to the wire service for publication at other member papers.

In 1961, The Collegian moved to 20 Sackett Building.

In 1972, The Collegian moved its office location to 126 Carnegie. In 1979, the Daily Collegian earned the Associated Collegiate Press' Five Marks of Distinction for the second consecutive rating period. The same year, the paper started production on The Weekly Collegian.

Digital era
In a move to the digital era the Collegian launched its first website, The Digital Collegian, in the summer of 1996. This allowed the paper to deliver news articles online and improve access to digitized articles from its historical print issues.

Beginning with the Fall 2006 semester, the Digital Collegian was renamed the Daily Collegian Online and debuted a new home page layout. A Web department was formed with the purpose of creating online updates for breaking news and posting stories on days when classes were not in session.

Along with this launch came a project to digitize and make publicly accessible all issues of the Free Lance, State Collegian, Penn State Collegian and the Daily Collegian through 1922. At the time, Collegian Inc. owned some of the last remaining paper copies of the Free Lance but the copies had yet to be scanned to microfilm to preserve them. Penn State's Libraries Special Collections/University Archives, Preservation and Digitization Department, and News and Microforms Library met with Collegian Inc. in spring of 2003 to discuss digitizing the last remaining copies. At the time only researchers, alumni, and students had access to historical print issues through bound issue books located at the University Archives. The proposed project set out to scan all issues April 1887-August 2, 1940, in total 16,000 page images, in a year or less. In spring of 2004, one year from the universities initial meeting with Collegian Inc., the 1887-1940 segment was completed and made publicly accessible online.

After the success of the initial project Collegian, Inc. granted permission to digitize all issues through 1988. The second scanning project was completed over four years, making in total 132,736 total pages publicly available in 2008. Penn State's Library provided all funding for conversion, software/hardware, on-going maintenance and upgrades. The project came in at a cost of $178,541.

The University Libraries allowed Google to crawl its database starting in 2007, making historical content searchable. With this came multiple lawsuits as formerly inaccessible articles on arrest and disciplinary reports became easily accessible to the public.

In July 2010, in what was called a highly unusual move, two Centre County, Pennsylvania judges, Judge Bradley P. Lunsford and Judge Thomas King Kistler, ordered the Daily Collegian and the Centre Daily Times to delete archived news stories about five defendants in criminal cases after a lawyer sought to have the records expunged. The orders were obtained by State College lawyer Joe Amendola, who was quoted in The Philadelphia Inquirer, saying, “What's the sense in having your record expunged if anyone can Google you and it comes up?” The five defendants had either pled guilty to criminal charges ranging from aggravated indecent assault to possession of marijuana, or completed pretrial diversion programs that resulted in no finding of guilt. Amendola said that an earlier client was having trouble finding employment despite having her criminal record expunged. Prospective employers Googled her name and found a 1992 Collegian article detailing her crime.

The expungement orders were eventually revised to remove any reference to the Centre Daily Times and the Daily Collegian on July 8, 2010. Judge Thomas Kistler told The Philadelphia Inquirer, "It was never anybody's intention to restrict [the papers].” Kistler Acknowledged the strong protections given the news media by the First Amendment, saying, "I can't tell them what to do." Kistler claimed court officials had not noticed that the newspapers were on the list of expungement orders sought by lawyer Amendola. "It was a breakdown under the rush of the system," Kistler said.

Arrest of photographer
A riot broke out in downtown State College, Pennsylvania on October 25, 2008, after no. 3 Penn State Football defeated no. 10 Ohio State Football 13-6. Daily Collegian photographer, Michael Felletter, was on assignment documenting the riot when he was arrested by police officers after he allegedly did not comply with orders to leave the area. Felletter was charged with failure to disperse, a second-degree misdemeanor, and disorderly conduct, a third-degree misdemeanor.

Police alleged Felletter's presence had caused the crowd to become more exuberant, excited, and destructive. Felletter alleged that officers expressed no problem with him being there and that he was only asked to leave the scene of the riot once by an officer Argiro. Felletter denied police charges that he refused to leave the scene when asked. He alleged the same officer Argiro threatened him with pepper spray and arrest, and when he continued to take pictures of Argiro over his shoulder as he was leaving the scene.

Felletter was represented pro bono on behalf of the American Civil Liberties Union. Centre County District Attorney, Michael Madeira, claimed that the case centered around Felletter's refusal to obey a police order and not around the First Amendment or the photographer's journalistic activity. The Magisterial District Judge Carmine Prestia dismissed Felletter's disorderly conduct charge saying the crowd's actions were not Felletter's fault. The judge also dismissed all of the counts of failure to disperse but one, saying a sole charge was sufficient claiming the press is not above the law.

Felletter lawyer argued coverage of the riot was valuable to both citizens and the government and that these charges violated the second amendment. Felletter lawyer cited the State College Police use of Felletter's photographs in facilitating the identification of others involved in the riot who were ultimately prosecuted. Centre County Judge David E. Grine dismissed the remaining charge, failure to disperse, against the photographer citing "unclear" evidence. Grine ruled it is uncertain whether Felletter's compliance with police orders to "move along" was adequate when he moved from the street to sidewalk. Additionally, Grine blamed the rioters for their behavior—not Felletter, according to the ruling. After initially requesting an appeal, Centre County District Attorney Stacy Parks Miller filed a motion to drop the appeal.

The Collegian Chronicles
The book, The Collegian Chronicles: A History of Penn State from the Pages of The Daily Collegian (1887-2006) was published by the Collegian Alumni Interest Group and edited by Marv Krasnansky in 2006. It includes a detailed history of Penn State life told by more than 90 former Collegian members, including editors, reporters and business managers.

The Paper
The Daily Collegian is the subject of a documentary film called The Paper. The film was directed by Aaron Matthews, who used the student newspaper as a case study for the problems that face all newspapers today—flagging circulation, minority coverage, and access to sources. The film made official selection at multiple festivals, including the 2007 Philadelphia Film Festival.

The film was co-produced by Aaron Matthews and the Independent Television Service and had major funding from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Distribution for the film was carried out by Icarus Films.

Released and distributed in 2007, the documentary was filmed from 2004-2005 and followed the newspaper while Editor-in-Chief James Young ran the staff.

Cinematography for the film was done by Wayne De La Roche and the music was composed by Tim Nackashi.

The Birmingham Weekly called it "An insightful new documentary", and the Boston Globe reported that, "What we see at the Collegian is a resonant microcosm: This paper's crucible is every paper's."

James Building demolition
On November 29, 2018, after 30 years of being based in the James Building, a university-owned property in downtown State College, Pennsylvania, the Daily Collegian announced a plan to move into the new Donald P. Bellisario Media Center, which was planned to open in the fall of 2020 at the site of the Willard Building.

Penn State had announced plans earlier in the year their plan to demolish the 100-year James Building located at 121-123 S. Burrowes St. and replace it with a $52.8 million building that, "Will serve as a hub for the Invent Penn State entrepreneurial and innovation initiative,".

The space The Collegian is slated to move to will be in a closed, 852-square-foot corner of its third floor. The private “Collegian Suite,” will face a large open newsroom with designated desk space for the newspaper. However, some other student news organizations have been invited to utilize said newsroom as well.

In fall 2019, the James Building was demolished and The Collegian moved its office to Midtown Square, another university-owned property in downtown State College. The media center is scheduled for completion in fall 2020 and ready for student and faculty and students to begin working there in spring 2021.

Coronavirus
On January 24, 2020 Penn State announced it was monitoring an outbreak of COVID-19 as it began to spread inside of the United States. In February, Penn State restricted travel to China, Italy, and Japan, and required students returning from CDC level 3 threat countries to be quarantined. During Spring Break, on March 11, 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic was becoming a threat in the United States, Penn State canceled all in-person classes at its 20 campuses until at least April 3 which was later extended to the remainder of their spring and summer semesters. Students and faculty were asked to stay home, and away from campus because of the outbreak. The Print Edition of The Daily Collegian, printed bi-weekly, was suspended and all news coverage was posted digitally.

Newspaper Burning
In 1993, the paper criticized the Society for Professional Journalists after it offered a $250 reward for information on the persons who stole half a conservative campus newspaper's run, burning part of it. The Collegian said the thieves were engaging in constitutionally protected speech.

Collegian publications

 * The Daily Collegian
 * The print newspaper publication is printed on Thursday to be circulated on Fridays while classes are in session in the fall and spring. No issues are published on the week of Thanksgiving or the week of spring break. The paper is distributed on the University Park campus. The paper mostly covers local, state, national and international events and news pertaining to Penn State as well as Penn State sports and opinion columns.

 * The Daily Collegian Online
 * The Collegian's website includes all content created for the outlet. This includes digital copies of the print edition, all articles published, video, photo, podcasts, as well as a searchable archive.

 * Daily Collegian video production

Editors-in-Chief
† Resigned

The Daily Collegian

 * 2024-: Amy Schafer
 * 2023-2024: Nick Stonesifer
 * 2022-2023: Megan Swift
 * 2021-2022: Jade Campos
 * 2020-2021: Maddie Aiken
 * 2019-2020: Elena Rose
 * 2018-2019: Kelly Powers
 * 2017-2018: Sam Ruland
 * 2016-2017: 	Garrett Ross
 * 2015-2016: 	Shannon Sweeney
 * 2014-2015: 	Sam Janesch
 * 2013-2014: 	Brittany Horn
 * 2012-2013: 	Casey McDermott
 * 2011-2012: 	Lexi Belculfine
 * 2010-2011: 	Liz Murphy
 * 2009-2010: 	Rossilynne Skena
 * 2008-2009: 	Terry Casey
 * 2007-2008: 	Devon Lash
 * 2006-2007: 	Erin James
 * 2005-2006: 	Jennette C. Hannah
 * 2004-2005: 	Jimmy Young
 * 2003-2004: 	Lynne Funk
 * 2002-2003: 	Alison Kepner
 * 2001-2002: 	Jill Leonard
 * 2000-2001: 	Patricia Tisak
 * 1999-2000: 	Stacey Confer
 * 1998-1999: Bridgette Blair
 * 1998: 	Megan Donley
 * 1997-1998: 	Julie Randall†
 * 1997: 	Rachel Hogan†
 * 1996-1997: 	Jason Alt
 * 1995-1996: 	Courtney Cairns
 * 1994-1995: 	Angela Pomponio
 * 1993-1994: 	Mike Abrams
 * 1992-1993: 	Bridget Mount
 * 1991-1992: 	Isabel Molina
 * 1990-1991: 	Ted Sickler
 * 1989-1990: 	Diane A. Davis
 * 1988-1989: 	Carolyn Sorisio
 * 1987-1988: 	Christopher Raymond
 * 1986: 	Anita Huslin
 * 1985: 	Gail Johnson
 * 1984: 	Alecia Swasy
 * 1983: 	Suzanne M. Cassidy
 * 1982-1983: 	Phil Gutis
 * 1981-1982: 	Paula Froke
 * 1980-1981: 	Betsy Long
 * 1979-1980: 	Peter Barnes
 * 1978-1979: 	David Skidmore
 * 1977-1978: 	Jeffrey Hawkes
 * 1976-1977: 	Sheila McCauley
 * 1975-1976: 	Jerry Schwartz
 * 1974-1975: 	Diane M. Nottle
 * 1973-1974: 	Patricia J. Stewart
 * 1972-1973: 	Paul J. Schafer
 * 1970-1972: 	Robert J. McHugh
 * 1969-1970: 	James R. Dorris
 * 1968-1969: 	Paul Levine
 * 1967-1968: 	Richard Wiesenhutter
 * 1966-1967: 	William F. Lee
 * 1965-1966: 	John Lott
 * 1964-1965: 	John R. Thompson
 * 1963-1964: 	C. David Bolbach
 * 1962-1963: 	Ann Palmer
 * 1960-1962: 	John W. Black
 * 1959-1960: 	Dennis Malick
 * 1958-1959: 	Robert Franklin
 * 1957-1958: 	Edward Dubbs
 * 1956-1957: 	Michael Moyle
 * 1955-1956: 	Myron Feinsilber
 * 1955: 	Norman C. Miller Jr
 * 1954-1955: 	Diehl McKalip
 * 1953-1954: 	David Jones
 * 1952-1953: 	David Pellnitz
 * 1951-1952: 	Marvin Krasnansky
 * 1950-1951: 	Dean Gladfelter
 * 1949-1950: 	Thomas E. Morgan
 * 1948-1949: 	Lewis Stone
 * 1947-1948: Allan Ostar
 * 1946-1947: Michael A. Blatz
 * 1945-1946: Woodene Bell
 * 1945: Helen Hatton
 * 1945: Victor Danilov
 * 1945: Emil A. Kubek
 * 1944: Lee H. Learner
 * 1943-1944: Alice R. Fox
 * 1943: 	Jane H. Murphy
 * 1943: 	Paul I. Woodland
 * 1942-1943: Gordon Coy
 * 1941-1942: Ross B. Lehman
 * 1940-1941: 	Adam A. Smyser

Penn State Collegian

 * 1939-1940: William Engel Jr.
 * 1938-1939: John A. Troanovitch
 * 1937-1938: Charles M. Wheeler Jr.
 * 1936-1937: Johnson Brenneman
 * 1935-1936: Harry B. Henderson Jr.
 * 1934-1935: John A. Brutzman
 * 1933-1934: Charles A. Myers
 * 1932-1933: Robert E. Tschan
 * 1931-1932: Hugh R. Riley Jr.
 * 1930-1931: William K. Ulerich
 * 1929-1930: James H. Coogan Jr.
 * 1927-1929: Louis H. Bell Jr.
 * 1926-1927: Wheeler Lord Jr.
 * 1926-1927: W. P. Reed
 * 1925-1926: H. W. Cohen
 * 1924-1925: W. L. Pratt
 * 1923-1924: E. E. Helm
 * 1922-1923: E. D. Schive
 * 1921-1922: A. G. Pratt
 * 1920-1921: Frederick H. Leuschner
 * 1919-1920: G. S. Wykoff
 * 1919: G. W. Sullivan
 * 1917-1918: D. M. Cresswell
 * 1916-1917: Edmund J. Kenney
 * 1915: D. McKay Jr.
 * 1914-1915: J. R. Mathers
 * 1913-1914: J. D. Hogarth
 * 1912-1913: R. M. Evans
 * 1911-1912: W. S. Kriebel Jr.

State Collegian

 * 1911: W. S. Kriebel Jr.
 * 1910-1911: C. MacC. Breitinger
 * 1909-1910: A. W. Fisher
 * 1907-1909: C. N. Fleming
 * 1906-1907: K. Little
 * 1905-1906: T. F. Foltzt
 * 1904-1905: Alex Hart
 * 1904: W. B. Hoke

The Free Lance

 * 1903-1904: E. K. McDowell
 * 1902-1903: F. H. Taylor
 * 1901-1902: J. E. Wagner
 * 1900-1901: H. H. Hanson
 * 1899-1900: F. T. Cole
 * 1899: William L. Affelder
 * 1898: George J. Yundt
 * 1897-1898: R. T. Strohm
 * 1896-1897: H. H. Allen
 * 1895-1896: H. A. Kuhn
 * 1894-1895: D. L. Patterson
 * 1893-1894: W. A. Silliman
 * 1892-1893: Geo R. Weiland
 * 1892: R. B. Mattern
 * 1891-1902: Nelson McA. Loyd
 * 1890-1891: Walter M. Camp
 * 1889-1890: George R. Meek
 * 1888-1889: Curtin G. Roop
 * 1888: Geo M. Downing
 * 1887: Griffith J. Thomas
 * 1887: William P. Fisher Jr.

title: Daily Collegian


text:
User:Craig.lz

Craig.lz is Craig David Taylor/CDTaylor/CDT. He was born in Geelong, Australia in 1967. He currently resides as a caretaker on a Voluntary Conservation Agreement site of ecological importance on the Monaro Plateau in New South Wales, Australia.

He is currently studying towards a degree in writing.

Wikiworks
Mostly corrections and minor edits on pages, and have a couple of new pages underway. I have contributed to the pages on Grant Morrison, Peter David, Avengers and [|more].

title: User:Craig.lz


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of infoshops

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 19:22, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

List of infoshops
This is a list of anarchist bookshops, by country. Wikipedia is not the Yellow Pages. Delete --02:00, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete as per Infoshop. --InShaneee 02:55, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Infoshop. Please note that Wikipedia includes numerous lists of this nature (eg List of schools by country). Why single out the infoshop list? --Nihila 06:00, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, un-encyclopaedic, Wikipedia is not the Yellow Pages. Megan1967 06:25, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not yellow pages. Indrian 06:47, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. Quite a few (though certainly not all) of the stores listed here are notable in their own right, and would probably merit articles. -- Jmabel | Talk 07:53, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete, this is not the purpose of lists, nor of Wikipedia. Radiant! 09:09, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. What is notable may be merged into Infoshop, if the latter one survives. Mikkalai 09:47, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete wikipdia does have lists, but this is on par with a list of starbuks locations--nixie 12:25, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per What Wikipedia is not Dan100 12:53, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. For many reasons listed above. Carrp | Talk 16:17, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. What Wikipedia is not. Jayjg (talk)  16:40, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It is true Wikipedia has other lists similar. --Jazz Remington 19:44, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Howard Brenton

Howard John Brenton FRSL (born 13 December 1942) is an English playwright and screenwriter, often ranked alongside contemporaries such as Edward Bond, Caryl Churchill, and David Hare.

Early years
Brenton was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, son of policeman (later Methodist minister) Donald Henry Brenton and his wife Rose Lilian (née Lewis). He was educated at Chichester High School For Boys and read English Literature at St Catharine's College, Cambridge. In 1964 he was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal for Poetry. While at Cambridge he wrote a play, Ladder of Fools which was performed at the ADC Theatre as a double bill with "Hello-Goodbye Sebastian" by John Grillo in April 1965, and at the Oxford Playhouse in June of that year. It was described by Eric Shorter of The Daily Telegraph as "Actable, gripping, murky and moody: how often can you say that of the average new play tried out in London, let alone of an undergraduate's work..." Brenton's one-act play, It's My Criminal, was performed at the Royal Court Theatre (1966).

Career
In 1968 he joined the Brighton Combination as a writer and actor, and in 1969 joined Portable Theatre (founded by David Hare and Tony Bicat), for whom he wrote Christie in Love, staged in the Royal Court's Theatre Upstairs (1969) and Fruit (1970). He is also the author of Winter, Daddykins (1966), Revenge for the Royal Court Theatre Upstairs; and the triple-bill Heads, Gum & Goo and The Education of Skinny Spew (1969). These were followed by Wesley (1970); Scott of the Antarctic and A Sky-blue Life (1971); Hitler Dances, How Beautiful With Badges, and an adaptation of Measure for Measure (1972).

In 1973 Brenton and David Hare were jointly commissioned by Richard Eyre to write a "big" play for Nottingham Playhouse. "The result was Brassneck, which offered an exhilaratingly panoramic satire on England from 1945 to the present, depicting the meteoric ups and downs of a self-seeking Midlands family...from singing the Red Flag in 1945 to acting as a conduit for the Oriental drug market in the decadent Seventies." – Michael Billington (2007). Brassneck was followed a year later by Brenton's The Churchill Play, again staged by Richard Eyre at the Nottingham Playhouse (1974), another 'state of the nation play' about the growing conflict between security and liberty, opening with the image of a dead Winston Churchill rising from his catafalque in Westminster Hall. Brenton's play "offered an imaginative vision of a future in which basic human freedoms would be curtailed by the state. As so often, a dramatist saw things that others did not".

Brenton's next major success was Weapons of Happiness, about a strike in a south London factory, commissioned by the National Theatre for its new Lyttelton Theatre and the first commissioned play to be performed at its South Bank home. Staged by Hare in July 1976, it won the Evening Standard award for Best Play.

He gained notoriety for his play The Romans in Britain, first staged at the National Theatre in October 1980, which drew parallels between the Roman invasion of Britain in 54BC and the British military presence in Northern Ireland. But the politics of his play were ignored. Instead a display of moral outrage focused on a scene of attempted anal rape of a Druid priest (played by Greg Hicks), caught bathing by a Roman centurion (Peter Sproule). This resulted in a private prosecution by Mary Whitehouse against the play's director Michael Bogdanov. Whitehouse's prosecution was withdrawn by her own legal team when it became obvious that it would not succeed.

The theme of Brenton's 1985 political comedy Pravda, a collaboration with David Hare who also directed, was described by Michael Billington in The Guardian of 3 May 1985 as "the rapacious absorption of chunks of the British press by a tough South African entrepreneur, Lambert Le Roux...superbly embodied by Anthony Hopkins who utters every sentence with precise Afrikaans over-articulation as if the rest of the world are idiots." The target of the satire was generally accepted to be the Australian international newspaper proprietor Rupert Murdoch and his News International empire, but the play's main question mark was about the dangers for society and the state of monopolistic media ownership.

Brenton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2017.

Personal life
He married Jane Margaret Fry in 1970. They have two sons.

Plays

 * Ladder of Fools, Cambridge University Actors, ADC Theatre, Cambridge (1965)
 * Winter, Daddykins, Lantern Theatre, Dublin (1965)
 * It's My Criminal, Royal Court Theatre (1965)
 * Christie in Love, Portable Theatre, Royal Court Theatre Upstairs (1969)
 * Gum and Goo, Brighton Combination (1969); RSC at the Open Space Theatre (1971)
 * Revenge, Royal Court Theatre Upstairs (1969)
 * Heads, University of Bradford Drama Group (1969); Inter-Action at the Ambience-in-Exile Lunch Hour Theatre Club (1970)
 * The Education of Skinny Spew, University of Bradford Drama Group (1969); Inter-Action at the Ambience-in-Exile Lunch Hour Theatre Club (1970)
 * Fruit (1970)
 * Wesley, Bradford Festival (1970)
 * Scott of the Antarctic, Bradford Festival (1971)
 * Hitler Dances, Traverse Theatre Workshop (1972)
 * Measure for Measure (adaptation), Northcott Theatre (1972)
 * Magnificence, Royal Court (1973)
 * Brassneck, written with David Hare, Nottingham Playhouse (1973)
 * The Churchill Play, Nottingham Playhouse (1974); revived by the RSC 1978 and 1988
 * The Screens, an abridgement of Jean Genet's Les Paravents, Bristol Old Vic studio (1973)
 * The Saliva Milkshake, Soho Poly Lunchtime Theatre (1975)
 * Weapons of Happiness, National Theatre, Lyttelton (1976); winner of the Evening Standard award 1976; revived by the Finborough Theatre, 2008
 * Epsom Downs, Joint Stock Theatre Company (1977)
 * Deeds, written with Trevor Griffiths, Ken Campbell, and David Hare, Nottingham Playhouse (1978)
 * Sore Throats, RSC Donmar Warehouse (1978)
 * The Life of Galileo, translation from Bertolt Brecht, National Theatre, Olivier (August 1980)
 * The Romans in Britain, National Theatre, Olivier (October 1980)
 * A Short Sharp Shock, written with Tony Howard, Royal Court at the Theatre Royal Stratford East (1980)
 * Thirteenth Night, RSC Donmar Warehouse (1981)
 * Danton's Death, translation from Georg Büchner, National Theatre, Olivier (July 1982)
 * Conversations in Exile, adapted from Brecht, Foco Novo (1982)
 * The Genius, Royal Court (1983)
 * Sleeping Policemen, written with Tunde Ikoli, Foco Novo, Hemel Hempstead then Royal Court (1983)
 * Bloody Poetry, Foco Novo, Hampstead Theatre (1984); Royal Court (1987)
 * Pravda, written with David Hare, National Theatre, Olivier (1985); winner of the Evening Standard Award 1985
 * Greenland, Royal Court (1988)
 * H.I.D. (Hess is Dead), RSC, Almeida Theatre (1989)
 * Iranian Nights with Tariq Ali, Royal Court (1989)
 * Moscow Gold with Tariq Ali, RSC Barbican Theatre (1990)
 * Berlin Bertie, Royal Court (1992)
 * Faust Parts 1 and 2, translation from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, RSC Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (September 1995); RSC The Pit (September 1996)
 * Ugly Rumours, with Tariq Ali, Tricycle Theatre (1998)
 * Collateral Damage with Tariq Ali and Andy de la Tour, Tricycle Theatre (1999)
 * Snogging Ken with Tariq Ali and Andy de la Tour, Almeida Theatre (2000)
 * Kit's Play, RADA Jerwood Theatre, (2000)
 * Paul, National Theatre, Cottesloe (November 2005), Olivier nomination for Best Play
 * In Extremis, Shakespeare's Globe (2006), revived 2007
 * Never So Good, National Theatre, Lyttelton (2008)
 * Anne Boleyn, Shakespeare's Globe (2010)
 * Danton's Death, National Theatre, Olivier (2010), a translation from Georg Büchner
 * The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists, Liverpool Everyman and Chichester Festival Theatre (2010)
 * 55 Days, Hampstead Theatre (2012)
 * AIWW: The Arrest of Ai Weiwei, Hampstead Theatre (2013)
 * Drawing the Line, Hampstead Theatre (2013)
 * Doctor Scroggy's War, Shakespeare's Globe (2014)
 * Ransomed, Salisbury Playhouse (2015)
 * Lawrence After Arabia, Chichester Festival Theatre (2016)
 * The Shadow Factory, NST City Theatre, at the University of Southampton, (2018)
 * Jude, Hampstead Theatre (2018)

Libretto

 * Playing Away, libretto for Ben Mason's football opera, Opera North and Munich Biennale (1994); revived Bregenz Festival (2007)

Radio

 * Nasser's Eden (1998)

Screenplays

 * Lushly (1972)
 * The Saliva Milkshake, BBC (1975)
 * The Paradise Run, Thames TV (1976)
 * Desert of Lies, BBC Play for Today (1984)
 * Dead Head, BBC 4-part series (1986)
 * Spooks, BBC drama series (2002–2005), fourteen episodes; BAFTA Best Drama Series 2003
 * "Traitor's Gate"
 * "The Rose Bed Memoirs"
 * "Mean, Dirty, Nasty" (with David Wolstencroft)
 * "Nest of Angels"
 * "Blood & Money"
 * "I Spy Apocalypse"
 * "Smoke & Mirrors"
 * "Project Friendly Fire"
 * "The Sleeper"
 * "Who Guards the Guards" (with Rupert Walters)
 * "Celebrity"
 * "Road Trip"
 * "The Russian"
 * "Diana"

Books

 * Diving for Pearls (novel), Nick Hern Books (1989) ISBN 978-1-85459-025-1
 * Hot Irons (diaries, essays, journalism), Nick Hern Books (1995) ISBN 1-85459-123-1; reissued in an expanded version, Methuen (1998)

Awards

 * Evening Standard Award for –
 * Best Play 1976, for Weapons of Happiness
 * Best Play 1985, for Pravda
 * Whatsonstage.com Theatregoers' Choice Award for best new play 2011, for Anne Boleyn

title: Howard Brenton


text:
Eszopiclone

Eszopiclone, sold under the brand name Lunesta among others, is a medication used in the treatment of insomnia. Evidence supports slight to moderate benefit up to six months. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include headache, dry mouth, nausea, and dizziness. Severe side effects may include suicidal thoughts, hallucinations, and angioedema. Rapid decreasing of the dose may result in withdrawal. Eszopiclone is classified as a nonbenzodiazepine or Z-drug and a sedative and hypnotic of the cyclopyrrolone group. It is the S-stereoisomer of zopiclone. It works by interacting with the GABA receptors.

Approved for medical use in the United States in 2004, eszopiclone is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 232nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1million prescriptions. Eszopiclone is not sold in the European Union; as of 2009, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) ruled that it was too similar to zopiclone to be considered a new active substance.

Medical uses
A 2018 Cochrane review found that it produced moderate improvement in sleep onset and maintenance. The authors suggest that where preferred non-pharmacological treatment strategies have been exhausted, eszopiclone provides an efficient treatment for insomnia. In 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration asked that the starting dose be lowered from 2 milligrams to 1 milligram after it was observed in a study that even eight hours after taking the drug at night, some people were not able to cope with their next-day activities like driving and other activities that require full alertness.

Eszopiclone is slightly effective in the treatment of insomnia where difficulty in falling asleep is the primary complaint. The benefit over placebo was found to be of questionable clinical significance. Although the drug effect and the placebo response were rather small and of questionable clinical importance, the two together produce a reasonably large clinical response.

Elderly
Sedative hypnotic drugs including eszopiclone are more commonly prescribed to the elderly than to younger patients despite benefits of medication being generally unimpressive.

In 2015, the American Geriatrics Society reviewed the safety information about eszopiclone and similar drugs and concluded that the "nonbenzodiazepine, benzodiazepine receptor agonist hypnotics (eszopiclone, zaleplon, zolpidem) are to be avoided without consideration of duration of use because of their association with harms balanced with their minimal efficacy in treating insomnia."

The review made this determination both because of the relatively large dangers to elderly individuals from zolpidem and other "z-drugs" together with the fact the drugs have "minimal efficacy in treating insomnia." This was a change from the 2012 AGS recommendation, which suggested limiting use to 90 days or less. The review stated: "the 90‐day‐use caveat [was] removed from nonbenzodiazepine, benzodiazepine receptor agonist hypnotics, resulting in an unambiguous 'avoid' statement (without caveats) because of the increase in the evidence of harm in this area since the 2012 update."

An extensive review of the medical literature regarding the management of insomnia and the elderly found that there is considerable evidence of the effectiveness and durability of non-drug treatments for insomnia in adults of all ages and that these interventions are underutilized. Compared with the benzodiazepines, the nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics, including eszopiclone appeared to offer few, if any, significant clinical advantages in efficacy or tolerability in elderly persons. It was found that newer agents with novel mechanisms of action and improved safety profiles, such as the melatonin receptor agonists, hold promise for the management of chronic insomnia in elderly people. Long-term use of sedative-hypnotics for insomnia lacks an evidence base and has traditionally been discouraged for reasons that include concerns about such potential adverse drug effects as cognitive impairment (anterograde amnesia), daytime sedation, motor incoordination, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents and falls. In addition, the effectiveness and safety of long-term use of these agents remain to be determined. It was concluded that more research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of treatment and the most appropriate management strategy for elderly persons with chronic insomnia.

A 2009 meta-analysis found a higher rate of infections.

Adverse effects
Sleeping pills, including eszopiclone, have been associated with an increased risk of death.

Hypersensitivity to eszopiclone is a contraindication to its use. The presence of liver impairment, lactation and activities requiring mental alertness (e.g., driving) may be considered when determining frequency and dosage.

 * unpleasant taste
 * headache
 * peripheral edema
 * chest pain
 * abnormal thinking
 * behavior changes
 * depression
 * hallucinations
 * sleep driving and sleepwalking
 * dry mouth
 * rash
 * altered sleep patterns
 * impaired coordination
 * dizziness
 * daytime drowsiness

 * itching
 * painful or frequent urination
 * back pain
 * aggressive behavior
 * confusion
 * agitation
 * suicidal thoughts
 * depersonalization
 * amnesia

A 2009 meta-analysis found a 44% higher rate of mild infections, such as pharyngitis or sinusitis, in people taking eszopiclone or other hypnotic drugs compared to those taking a placebo.

Dependence
In the United States, eszopiclone is a schedule IV controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act. Use of eszopiclone may lead to physical and psychological dependence. The risk of non-medical use and dependence increases with the dose and duration of usage and concomitant use of other psychoactive substances. The risk is also greater in patients with a history of alcohol use disorder or other substance use disorder or history of psychiatric disorders. Tolerance may develop after repeated use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like drugs for a few weeks.

A study funded and carried out by Sepracor, the manufacturer of eszopiclone, found no signs of tolerance or dependence in a group of patients followed for up to six months.

Non-medical use
A study of non-medical use potential of eszopiclone found that in persons with a known history of non-medical benzodiazepine use, eszopiclone at doses of 6 and 12 mg produced effects similar to those of diazepam 20 mg. The study found that at these doses which are two or more times greater than the maximum recommended doses, a dose-related increase in reports of amnesia, sedation, sleepiness, and hallucinations was observed for both eszopiclone (Lunesta) as well as for diazepam (Valium).

Overdose
Overdoses of eszopiclone up to 90 times the recommended dose have been reported in which the patient fully recovered. Fatalities have been reported only in cases in which eszopiclone was combined with other drugs or alcohol. Overdose may be successfully treated with flumazenil, a GABAA receptor antagonist used also for benzodiazepine overdose.

Poison control centers reported that between 2005 and 2006 there were 525 total eszopiclone overdoses recorded in the state of Texas, the majority of which were intentional suicide attempts.

If consumed within the last hour, eszopiclone overdose can be treated with the administration of activated charcoal or via gastric lavage.

Interactions
There is an increased risk of central nervous system depression when eszopiclone is taken together with other CNS depressant agents, including antipsychotics, sedative hypnotics (like barbiturates or benzodiazepines), antihistamines, opioids, phenothiazines, and some antidepressants. There is also increased risk of central nervous system depression with other medications that inhibit the metabolic activities of the CYP3A4 enzyme system of the liver. Medications that inhibit this enzyme system include nelfinavir, ritonavir, ketoconazole, itraconazole and clarithromycin. Alcohol also has an additive effect when used concurrently with eszopiclone. Eszopiclone is most effective if it is not taken after a heavy meal with high fat content.

Pharmacology
Eszopiclone acts on benzodiazepine binding site situated on GABAA neurons as a positive allosteric modulator. Eszopiclone is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with serum levels peaking between .45 and 1.3 hours. The elimination half-life of eszopiclone is approximately 6 hours and it is extensively metabolized by oxidation and demethylation. Approximately 52% to 59% of a dose is weakly bound to plasma protein. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 are involved in the biotransformation of eszopiclone; thus, drugs that induce or inhibit these CYP isozymes may affect the metabolism of eszopiclone. Less than 10% of the orally administered dose is excreted in the urine as racemic zopiclone. In terms of benzodiazepine receptor binding and relevant potency, 3 mg of eszopiclone is equivalent to 10 mg of diazepam.

History
In a controversial 2009 article in the New England Journal of Medicine, "Lost in Transmission — FDA Drug Information That Never Reaches Clinicians", it was reported that the largest of three Lunesta trials found that compared to placebo Lunesta "was superior to placebo" while it only shortened initial time falling asleep by 15 minutes on average. "Clinicians who are interested in the drug’s efficacy cannot find efficacy information in the label: it states only that Lunesta is superior to placebo. The FDA’s medical review provides efficacy data, albeit not until page 306 of the 403-page document. In the longest, largest phase 3 trial, patients in the Lunesta group reported falling asleep an average of 15 minutes faster and sleeping an average of 37 minutes longer than those in the placebo group. However, on average, Lunesta patients still met criteria for insomnia and reported no clinically meaningful improvement in next-day alertness or functioning."

Availability in Europe
On September 11, 2007, Sepracor signed a marketing deal with British pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline for the rights to sell eszopiclone (under the name Lunivia rather than Lunesta) in Europe. Sepracor was expected to receive approximately $155 million if the deal went through. In 2008 Sepracor submitted an application to the EMA (the European Union's equivalent to the U.S. FDA) for authorization to market the drug in the EU, and initially received a favorable response. However, Sepracor withdrew its authorization application in 2009 after the EMA stated it would not be granting eszopiclone 'new active substance' status, as it was essentially pharmacologically and therapeutically too similar to zopiclone to be considered a new patentable product. Since the patent on zopiclone has expired, this ruling would have allowed rival companies to also legally produce cheaper generic versions of eszopiclone for the European market. , Sepracor has not resubmitted its authorization application and eszopiclone is not available in Europe. The deal with GSK fell through, and GSK instead launched a $3.3 billion deal to market Actelion's almorexant sleeping tablet, which entered phase 3 medical trials before development was abandoned due to side effects.

title: Eszopiclone