text:
Talk:Nocturnal enuresis

Archived old content
I've archived the 2008 discussions. Wshallwshall (talk) 19:20, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

Safflower Oil, verifiability
There have been two additions of Safflower oil to the disputed-causes section. Both times the addition has come from an anonymous user and both additions have lacked a citation.

After searching again for any supporting evidence for Safflower oil causing bedwetting, I still find nothing to support this addition. As a result, I've again removed the item. (See Verifiability )

If anyone wishes to restore this, I would request that he/she do so from a logged in account and add a real reference. (Just putting citation needed isn't enough.)

Please read Verifiability before trying to restore this item. Wshallwshall (talk) 19:32, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

Sarah Silverman
Her biography, The Bedwetter, while not primarily about her bedwetting, is probably one of the few memoirs to be this self revealing. I think at least a See Also link would be appropriate. I dont think it deserves a section.Mercurywoodrose (talk) 17:04, 7 August 2011 (UTC)

Sociopathy
"Bedwetting does not indicate a greater possibility of being a sociopath, as long as caregivers do not cause trauma by shaming or punishing a bedwetting child." To quote the article. So as written, does this indicate mistreatment by a caregiver to a bed wetter for bedwetting will cause them to become a sociopath? That's what it seems. That info should be sourced.-Serialjoepsycho- (talk) 09:12, 20 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Psychiatry frequently makes these "misstakes" as part of their regular disinformation. Should be noted that it is also just one person from 1963 that probably didnt even raise kids..  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2003:E9:710:4E00:A45F:67B7:7392:3755 (talk) 10:25, 2 December 2021 (UTC)

Epidemiology
This section includes the sentence "Boys and girls are three times more likely to wet the bed than girls and boys." This is nonsense, surely? 46.208.76.218 (talk) 19:52, 15 June 2018 (UTC)

Can someone with, like, Wikipedia-approved research skills please find a reliable source for this?
Dreaming that you're peeing in a real bathroom or toilet is a cause or partial for some patients. These patients should always check and double-check when they use the toilet to confirm that they are awake and not dreaming.

My source: me. A search online reveals that I am not alone. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.58.19.77 (talk) 15:02, 29 April 2022 (UTC)

 * I searched Google Scholar and found some relevant-looking articles. Unfortunately, I can't confirm what they actually say on the matter without paying hundreds of dollars to read them. Bloody hell.
 * Childhood Enuresis: Relationship to Sleep, Etiology, Evaluation, and Treatment Annals of Behavioral Medicine (1988)
 * Enuresis and Dreaming: Experimental Studies Arch Gen Psychiatry (1961)
 * The EEG, Eye Movements And Dreaming in Adult Enuresis The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (1965)
 * Enuresis—A method for its study and treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (1938)
 * Some of these say nothing of dreams in the abstract, but in the Google results there was relevant text displayed.
 * --Frogging101 (talk) 21:46, 23 November 2022 (UTC)

A question
"Bedwetting is the most common childhood complaint."

Do people agree this sentence needs expanding or explaining? To me, a layperson, it is not at all clear. Who is complaining? Are we comparing all childhood medical issues; all childhood issues, period; what? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:C7C:5690:A000:2527:5EA6:305A:D594 (talk) 23:29, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nocturnal enuresis


text:
Jose Rivera

Jose Rivera may refer to:

 * José Antonio Primo de Rivera (1903–1936), Spanish politician
 * José Eustasio Rivera (1888–1928), Colombian politician and writer
 * José Rivera (playwright) (born 1955), American playwright
 * José Antonio Rivera (born 1973), Puerto Rican-American boxer
 * Jose Rivera (politician) (born 1936), American politician
 * José Rivera (ski jumper) (born 1962), Spanish Olympic ski jumper
 * José Rivera (volleyball) (born 1977), Puerto Rican volleyball player
 * José de Rivera (1904–1985), sculptor
 * José Luis Rivera Guerra (born 1973), Puerto Rican politician
 * José Rivera Díaz, former mayor of Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico
 * José Manuel Rivera (born 1986), Mexican football striker
 * José Rivera (arsonist), arsonist, related to the Dupont Plaza Hotel arson fire
 * Jose Luis Rivera (1960–2022), Puerto Rican professional wrestler
 * José Rivera (Peruvian footballer) (born 1997), Peruvian football winger
 * José Rivera (Ecuadorian footballer) (born 1963)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jose Rivera


text:
User talk:MrDarcy/Jan to Nov 2005

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 04:11, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Alphabetization
Are you sure about alphabetizing under "di Lampedusa" rather than "Lampedusa"? I realize it's all part of his surname, but would have expected him to be alphabetized under "Lampedusa". Pretty certain that's where I've seen his book filed in bookstores (in more than one language). -- Jmabel | Talk 20:26, Mar 21, 2005 (UTC)

Well, all I can say is that I was sure enough to make the change. The English convention is to file "de something" or "di something" under "d," much as it would be for "la something." According to this guy, the convention is the same in Italy. Thanks for the comment (mulţumesc frumos!). MrDarcy 00:04, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Cary Grant
Howdy, I just replied on Talk:Cary Grant. Did you read Anglo at Wikipedia? WikiDon

 * Hey, WikiDon. The Anglo entry here seems ambiguous to me; at best, you can say that there are substantial regional differences in the way "Anglo-American" is used, which I think is still a point for avoiding it. I'll respond fully on the Talk:Cary Grant page.

"Judy, Judy, Judy"
Here is the story that I heard:

Tony Curtis was a huge Cary Grant fan. Grant’s character in “Bringing Up Baby”, Dr. David Huxley, said “Susan, Susan, Susan.” Curtis in getting ready for the part of 'Junior' in “Some Like it Hot” used “Judy, Judy, Judy” as a phonetic technique to work on the accent of Grant. Then George Lindsey as Goober Pyle did it in The Andy Griffith Show, doing Curtis doing Grant.

You'll have to double check, but I think that is what I remember. WikiDon 01:13, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * WikiDon - I didn't originally insert the Judy*3 comment; I just cleaned it up. I used the FAQ link as my source. It mentions the Susan*3 incident, but the click-through page has Grant himself commenting on the Judy*3 myth, and he doesn't mention the Susan story, so I didn't add it. Follow the links and see if you think it merits inclusion. Thanks! | MrDarcy 01:28, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Good job on rewriting that little blurb of mine in the Cary Grant article. You improved it significantly, as I figured someone would. I just had to put something in there about it, since I had just written a reference to it in the James Cagney article, because I had just been watching the Yankee Doodle Dandy DVD set, in case nobody could tell. It looks as if "Judy, Judy, Judy" is one of those things that was "almost" said, and was later "re-quoted" because it sounded crisper than the original... like Mae West, who never quite said, "Come up and see me sometime" (to Cary Grant, oddly enough); or Humphrey Bogart, who never quite said, "Play it again, Sam." It's interesting to learn that "Judy, Judy, Judy" apparently started out as a conscious attempt to mimic but not quote Grant, and it took on a life of its own, as these things sometimes do... like Will Jordan's impression of Ed Sullivan saying "really big 'shoe'" which every mimic after that picked up on. That hackneyed impression of "Judy, Judy, Judy" WikiDon referenced here and also on my talk page was actually done by George Lindsey as Goober Pyle, cousin to Gomer Pyle. The joke-within-the-joke there was that Goober's "impression" was in his own voice, not sounding at all like Grant's unique way of saying it if he had actually said it. Wahkeenah 01:35, 25 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Wahkeenah. I figured it was cleaner to put the link at the bottom with other links, but to tell the whole story right there where you inserted it. As much of a CG fan as I am, I was completely unaware of the Judy*3 myth until you just posted it! | MrDarcy 01:37, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

I don't have a copy of Some Like It Hot and have not seen it for ages, but if someone were to watch it and verify that one scene Wikidon brought up, that would be a neat thing to include in the article (if you haven't already), as it would basically round out the entire "Judy*3" legend. Solving mysteries is fun. :) Wahkeenah 01:46, 25 September 2005 (UTC) P.S. I see where soon-to-be Chief Justice Roberts (not to be confused with the dreaded pirate Roberts) includes North by Northwest as a favorite film. They just don't make 'em that way anymore. :)

 * Couldn't agree with you more on that. Where are today's Alfred Hitchcocks? You can keep your Tarantinos and your Spike Lees. Even Guy Ritchie, who had some promise, appears to have hit a wall with his latest film. Oh, and I haven't seen Some Like It Hot, so I'm no help there. | MrDarcy 01:54, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

The two macho guys (Curtis and Lemmon) in drag is a hoot. Meanwhile, I hope you have seen Yankee Doodle Dandy somewhere along the way. They had a segment in the DVD specials with John Travolta talking about his 5-year friendship with fellow singer-and-dancer James Cagney late in the latter's life, and about how he and a friend watched YDD after 9/11/01 to lift their spirits. The context of the film, early in the dark days of WWII, is tough for us "younger generation" to relate to. 9/11 and its aftermath is maybe just a hint of what it was like in the USA immediately following Pearl Harbor and during 1942. Wahkeenah 02:05, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/How to keep an idiot busy for hours
In the discussion about deleting How to keep an idiot busy for hours, you criticised my comment
 * " I'll have to respectfully disagree with you on this. A major class of jokes has a good claim on being encyclopedic. Also, I think that you are starting to come way to close to some personal attacks there. --Apyule 08:12, 13 September 2005 (UTC)"

as attacking Peter's style rather than the substance of his argument. To make this a nicer place for everyone, I'd like any comments that you have on how you think I could phrase this better. Thanks, Apyule 13:48, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Apyule, thanks for the note. I wasn't criticizing your phrasing, but felt that you were being overly sensitive as to what constitutes a personal attack. I didn't see anything that Peter wrote that would meet my own personal standards for that; he was emphatic about his point, but what did he write that set off your alarm bells for a possible personal attack? To answer your question, I would either have omitted the last sentence entirely (chastising him for getting close to a personal attack) or have highlighted exactly what he wrote that hit a nerve with you. If that doesn't answer your question, please let me know. Thanks again. | MrDarcy 19:16, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I just saw your addendum on the page in question. I guess I just don't agree with you that those are personal attacks. They strike me as strong statements of an opinion that is relevant to the discussion. Is the page in question worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia? There is some line below which we won't venture when adding material; some of us would like to set the bar high, and others would like to set it lower. Peter seems to share my own view that allowing silly pages like the "idiot" joke to stay on Wikipedia demean the more serious content on the site. "Shame on you" seems fairly tame to me. | MrDarcy 19:20, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that. I guess I was just being a little too alarmist. --Apyule 02:36, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

The "How to keep an idiot busy" joke I first heard when I was a young teen, decades ago, and given the times, of course it read "How to keep a 'Polack' busy". Now they might say 'Blonde', or whatever. Another variant on it was telling someone "How do you keep a 'Polack' in suspense?" and when they would say, "How?", of course you wouldn't answer the question, you would just stare back at them in silence. Wahkeenah 01:39, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

My Antonia
Hi, I've been trying to post external links to the editions of My Antonia available from the University of Nebraska Press. That does not seem to be too commercial an activity to me. I am not a representative of the press or trying to sell their products. They seem like useful links. I am trying to figure out how to comment with you (MrDarcy) as well. I hope this works. 129.93.16.140 23:35, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your comments. I can see that you are posting from an IP address at the University of Nebraska. Is this a coincidence?
 * If you believe those links have useful information, then use that information to improve the article itself. The links themselves, which point to sales pages for overpriced editions of a book that is widely available for $4-5 new, appear to me to be nothing more than advertising, and that's not appropriate on Wikipedia. See What Wikipedia is not for more details on what's not considered appropriate on the site. | MrDarcy 23:44, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I am happy that we are actually communicating. I am still a little mistified about how this works.  I am at the University of Nebraska -- Business Librarian -- and I am intersted in Cather because Nebraska is a center of study for Cather and because Cather is a member of the Nebraska Hall of Fame.  I guess I just don't read the "What Wikipedia is not" policy on advertising the same way you do.  It looks like a link to a page on a high-quality, trade paper back edition is no more commercial than a link to the IMDB entry for a movie.

 * Let me offer a few suggestions. First, when you post on a Talk page (like this one), always sign your posts by typing four tilde (~) signs. That will automatically insert your name and the date. Second, when you respond to another comment on a Talk page, you can indent your comments by typing a colon - and you can use multiple colons to indent further. (I just did this for you on this page.)
 * As to the substance of your comment, linking to an individual sales site for any item is discouraged on Wikipedia. The IMDB page for the movie is not commercial in nature; it contains casting information, running time, trivia, memorable quotes, and user reviews - all relevant details about the movie that a Wikipedia user would likely be looking for. In addition, linking to IMDB pages for movies is an accepted practice on Wikipedia. The pages you linked to were primarily commercial in nature; you have some connection to the entity selling the products; and you ignored all of the countless other editions (most of which are far more affordable) available of this book. I hope those comments are somewhat helpful. | MrDarcy 01:18, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I tried to do that business with the tildes but it did not seem to work. I tried a different approach.  Clearly, the "scholarly edition" is a value-added edition worthy of a link.  I still think that links to the Pages on the Press website are legit. Bob Bolin 01:48, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, Bob, but these links just do not belong here. You are pushing a commercial product with which you have some connection, and that is inappropriate. You can say "Clearly" all you want but it doesn't change the fact that commercial links are not acceptable on Wikipedia. Please do not add these links again. | MrDarcy 02:27, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I can see that you are set in your opinion which I hold to be wrong. I have tried again one more time.   Maybe you will go for that.   And I am not, in fact, connected to the Press.  Who are you?  A Cather scholar I would guess?Bob Bolin 03:58, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Bob, first of all, it is NOT acceptable to edit other users' User pages, like you did to mine to fix a broken link. This is another example of you ignoring Wikipedia policies. I know you didn't mean any harm - the link was, in fact, broken - but the point is that you just don't do certain things around here, and that's one of them.
 * Second, personal attacks are definitely not appropriate on Wikipedia. You don't agree with what I'm saying; that doesn't justify going after me personally. You don't have to be a Cather scholar to edit pages on Cather or her works here.
 * Third, you work at the same institution that publishes and profits from the editions you're trying to link to. That is enough of a connection to cause a conflict of interest.
 * Fourth, I actually ran this whole question by some other users on the Village pump, and the unanimous opinion was that you can't favor one specific edition and you shouldn't link directly to sales pages. So this isn't just my opinion. You have the right to disagree, but you need to accept that what you're trying to do is not appropriate on Wikipedia.
 * Finally, as for the new text you've added, I think it's useless information - any reader could have guessed all of that information by the date of publication - but I'll leave in the interest of avoiding an edit war. I'm just going to clean the text up a bit. I hope you'll take some time to explore the links to Wikipedia norms and policies that are on your User_talk:Bob_Bolin page. They'll help you avoid future conflicts like this. | MrDarcy 13:58, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I am sorry. I fixed the link because I make a lot of minor corrections in Wikipedia.  I did not intend anything personal--and I would not make a personal attack.  I admire the work you have done.  Those look like useful articles on a range of subjects.
 * I am happy that you are willing to call a truce. Best wishes, 129.93.16.131 15:19, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

The Red and the Black
Very nice rewrite of the article. john k 02:27, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, John. I really appreciate that you took the time to say so. I just finished the book this morning - always easier to do this when it's all fresh in my mind. | MrDarcy 02:41, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

No problem
Re:.
 * No problem, thanks for reporting it in. -Loren 23:30, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

List Of Sports Busts AfD
I was surprised at the AfD debate, since to my mind the list as constructed has deep-running POV problems.

However, I count 5 keep votes (since renaming means keeping). I include Grutness as a keep since he evidently understood the meaning in his second comment and had suggested renaming as his first option anyway. Renaming implies retaining the article. Keep and cleanup is certainly a keep; I don't think they need viewing seperately to other kinds of keep: it's just a suggestion to put a cleanup on the article.

I count 8 deletes, as the final one is an anon (check the history) with a poor comment and so is discarded.

Numerically, that's 8/13 which is 61% which is below the two-thirds guideline I normally use (and which is fairly common). However, it's close to it, so is there anything in the debate which suggests deleting anyway? Well, there are the bad POV problems, but at least several of the renaming suggestions coupled with the cleanups that were suggested would deal with those: it could be made factual under a better title. So wasn't persuaded to lower the deletion-consensus threshold in this case. You might want to add a cleanup tag or something, though, I should probably have done that, but wasn't sure whether to use cleanup-date or npov or something else. It certainly does need a verify adding.

Anyway, does that clarify my reasoning? -Splash talk 22:28, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

 * My response lives here: | MrDarcy 00:45, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * You're welcome. Anons are usually discounted just because it's impossible to know whether they are someone in the debate commenting twice, someone who happens to have come across an interesting box on an article, and thought they'd join the fun without any education in wikipolicy (e.g. this particlar one didn't even know how to sign), or a good-faith contributor who happened to find the article. They could also be a hard-banned user for all we know. If the anon had given a properly argued comment rather than just saying "rubbish", I might have treated it differently but only if they were particularly cogent. Personally, I think the page needs to be reworked so fundamentally, it might as well be scrapped and started over. I imagine if the tags you decide to place were not dealt with satisfactorily within a month or two, you could renominate it on that basis. -Splash talk 00:56, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * This is done - 3 tags, and a note on Talk:List Of Sports Busts. And sorry for messing up your Talk page - I didn't realize tags would expand regardless of where they lived in the text. | MrDarcy 01:07, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Tilting at windmills
Tilting at windmills primarily refers to Don Quixote, as any Google test will prove. Since you have created a dab page, I have expanded it. --Viriditas | Talk 14:16, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 * A google test shows that tilting at windmills refers to the primary topic of Don Quixote.  FWIW, the comic book authors book shows up in the 13th hit, with Branston in the 17th; the first 12 hits refer to Don Quixote and metaphorical associations of Quixote.  In fact, the usage of the term, even in titles of works by other authors refers to Don Quixote. Prior to the dab page, a redirect was used to redirect this sub-topic and to facilitate disambiguation. Wikipedia policy on naming conventions makes it clear that we should use the common name and be precise, so the creation of a dab page was appropriate. --Viriditas  | Talk 00:05, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Garcia takes the whip
"Thanks, Mithotyn. I'd love to get your help in keeping an eye out for vandals; there seem to be a couple of knuckleheads who hit this page after each Lions' game. Maybe that'll stop now that he's on the bench." hehe now they're doing it to Garcia, I noticed a vandalism revert that was shortly after last weeks game on his article, the typical "JEFF GARCIA SUCKS ASS!" sort of thing. I wonder what is it with Lions' fans and quarterbacks. I'll keep my eye on both articles even though somebody always beats me to it anyway Mithotyn 22:10, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

 * regarding your comment on Joey Harrington. Yeah i still have alot to learn about that (Wikipedia standards) but i'm glad we see eye to eye on it, i was afraid it was going to get deleted because it seemed too much like news/current event and didn't have a current event template, and wondered if it should, then decided it probably shouldn't, thanks for fixing that for me i just remember you're supposed to (or should?) link the date but wasen't sure exactly how to do it. I learned something from you today ;) . I am a n00b, but i want to be a good wikipedian, i love this place. Mithotyn 22:44, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Suggestion for AfD bot work
Quick suggestion - when your bot closes the daily Articles_for_Deletion/Log page, could you also have it update the date at Articles_for_deletion? I'm referring to the part that says "this edit link." Thanks. | MrDarcy (talk) (contribs) 00:39, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Um... that's already done automatically by the server. That is set by the server clock, which is based in the UTC timezone. --AllyUnion (talk) 07:19, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, there's a lag between those the two events. Twice in the last three days, I've tagged an article for deletion and found that the link on the AfD page itself sent me to the Log that just closed. Anyway, thanks for the reply. | MrDarcy [[User_talk:MrDarcy|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/MrDarcy|(contribs)]] 14:24, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank you for handling the Ben Franklin vandal. I was about to get into it when you stepped in. Glen Finney 14:59, 18 November 2005 (UTC)
 * You're welcome. Looks like she gave up right after I issued the second warning. Maybe it was her nap time. | MrDarcy 15:03, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

Impersonator
I just deleted a nonsense stub which was in your name. Deb 18:42, 30 November 2005 (UTC) Oops, sorry, there seem to be a lot of vandals on at the moment - the kids must have just come out of school or something. Deb 18:46, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:MrDarcy/Jan to Nov 2005


text:
Category:Weapons of the United States

Weapons developed by the United States.

title: Category:Weapons of the United States


text:
BR postcode area

The BR postcode area, also known as the Bromley postcode area, is a group of eight postcode districts in England, within seven post towns. These cover part of south-eastern Greater London, as well as a small part of north-west Kent.

The area covers much of the London Borough of Bromley, as well as small parts of the London Borough of Lewisham, the Royal Borough of Greenwich and the London Borough of Croydon. Most of BR8 and a small part of BR6 cover the northwestern part of the Sevenoaks District of Kent, while BR8 also covers the hamlet of Clement Street in the borough of Dartford.

Mail for the area was sorted in Bromley until 1988 when the site was converted to a delivery office only.

Coverage
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:

! BR1 !rowspan=2|BR2 ! BR3 ! BR4 ! BR5 ! BR6 ! BR7 ! BR8
 * BROMLEY
 * Bromley, Bickley, Downham, Sundridge
 * Bromley, Lewisham
 * BROMLEY
 * Hayes, Shortlands, Bickley, Bromley Common
 * rowspan=2|Bromley
 * KESTON
 * Keston, Keston Mark, Leaves Green, Nash
 * Keston, Keston Mark, Leaves Green, Nash
 * BECKENHAM
 * Beckenham, Elmers End, Shortlands, Eden Park, Park Langley, Clock House
 * Bromley, Lewisham, Croydon
 * WEST WICKHAM
 * West Wickham
 * Bromley
 * ORPINGTON
 * Petts Wood, St Mary Cray, St Paul's Cray, Ruxley
 * Bromley
 * ORPINGTON
 * Orpington, Locksbottom, Farnborough, Crofton, Green Street Green, Chelsfield, Downe, Pratt's Bottom, Well Hill
 * Bromley, Sevenoaks
 * CHISLEHURST
 * Chislehurst, Elmstead
 * Bromley, Greenwich
 * SWANLEY
 * Swanley, Hextable, Crockenhill, Swanley Village, Hockenden
 * Sevenoaks, Bromley, Dartford
 * }

title: BR postcode area


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/London Calling (song)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. -- AllyUnion (talk) 10:05, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

London Calling (song)
Certainly a notable song by a notable band, but this article says nothing. Anyone doing a search will type "London Calling" and get the album, which gives them more information. An easy keep if anything consequential is said about it, but until then it's useless. I'm all for articles on songs when they're notable and say something useful and interesting (I wrote Rock the Casbah, and would love to see this article approach that one) but if Wikipedia is going to be home to 100,000 articles that say "X is a song by Y" then I'd like to nip this in the bud. Yes, I know, "VfD is not cleanup/expand". I could put a request for expansion on this and wait for something to happen, but an "expand or die" ultimatum might actually get the ball rolling, and if it doesn't we'll get rid of a useless article and hope thousands more don't pop up. I will gladly change my vote if this becomes a real article. -R. fiend 04:17, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * As promised I too am now voting keep. Good job to all who expanded wrote this brand new article. And this is no more abuse of VfD than creating a useless substub and forcing others to write your article for you is an abuse of the Requested Articles process. -R. fiend 17:26, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll second delete unless it says something. Kappa 05:22, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * OK it does say something now, keep. Kappa 06:46, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, you don't pull up the sapling on the grounds that it's not grown yet. You've got to start with something sometime. I was going to try to articulate the song's meaning, but actually I'm not exactly sure about it. Everyking 05:23, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is a clear abuse of the vfd process, the poster even admits this. While I sypathise with the good intentions, vfd is too clogged already to become an extended cleanup forum. 213.206.33.82 05:39, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is why the stub and sub-stub tags were created. Isn't there a song-stub tag floating around? 23skidoo 05:58, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Putting tags on this thing (as it was, "X is a song by Y") is basically asking someone to create a new article from scratch. Let people expand things which have some useful information already. Kappa 06:46, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. VfD is not Cleanup or Requests for Expansion. Szyslak 06:32, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. VfD is not Cleanup or Requests for Expansion. Repeat of sentiment of fellow editors. JuntungWu 07:00, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * A stub for something the potential nominator considers both notable and expandible should not be on VfD. Put on a or other appropriate tag, take it to Talk:The Clash, Requests for expansion, WikiProject Songs, UK Wikipedians' notice board, etc. Keep. Samaritan 07:38, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have added info on lyrics, recording, chart success and critical impact so that it is no longer a stub but a fully fledged article. #15 on Rolling Stone's 500 greatest songs of all time list.Capitalistroadster 09:39, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Bogus VFD. Lack of content is not a reason to delete. It is an opportunity to add content.--Centauri 11:16, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep because it has been expanded. If it had remained as a useless substub, I'd have been quite happy to say delete and list on requested articles, as I would rather there was a redlink than a link to an article that tells you nothing. Average Earthman 11:41, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, agreeing with what Kappa and Average Earthman said. Whether you're an inclusionist or deletionist, attacking someone for nominating an article that currently has no useful content whatsoever for deletion is uncalled for. —Korath (Talk) 15:55, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Ditto Average Earthman, Kappa, and Korath.   --BM 16:59, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I ditto that ditto and I believe kudos and not censure are in order for "R. fiend" for being bold enough to bring the problem of factual but woefully inadequate nanostubs to light.  While this might not be a cleanup page per se, countless excellent articles have resulted from substandard articles that were listed here.  Oh, and someone shoot a Barnstar over to Capitalistroadster, OK? - Lucky 6.9 18:40, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I am inclined to agree that having an article on every song is not in the best interests of Wikipedia. Megan1967 01:18, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep--Xadai 02:10, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep all notable songs by notable bands. —RaD Man (talk) 22:30, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, even though the song sucks. Da 'Sco Mon 01:52, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, for notability and kick-assness, would have voted delete for the original version Tuf-Kat 16:45, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, quite notable, though it looks like another vote is hardly needed at this point. Antandrus 16:47, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The nominator went to some length to explain his reasons, but it was still a misuse of votes for deletion. Philip 05:01, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and guess what... VfD is not cleanup. GRider\talk 17:22, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * ...but it is a fuckload more effective. -R. fiend 23:51, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Keep.

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Category:Weapons of Australia

Australia has never maintained a large military or an extensive military industrial complex to support one. Most Australian military equipment through the years has come from the United Kingdom and United States. However, Australia has at times developed its own weapon systems, primarily for needs that could not be met by overseas providers. Australia has also manufactured many foreign weapons under license and provides components for overseas manufacturers.

title: Category:Weapons of Australia


text:
WWAY

WWAY (channel 3) is a television station in Wilmington, North Carolina, United States, affiliated with ABC, CBS, and The CW Plus. Owned by Morris Multimedia, the station has studios on Magnolia Village Way in Leland, and its transmitter is located west of Winnabow in Town Creek Township.

History
WWAY signed on the air on October 30, 1964, as the second television station in Wilmington, $10 1/2$ years after WECT (channel 6). It was originally owned by Cape Fear Telecasting, a firm controlled by local interests. The station's first studios were located on the 10th floor of the Murchison Building in downtown Wilmington.

Previously, primary NBC affiliate WECT had shoehorned all three networks onto its schedule. Thus, WWAY should have logically signed on as a CBS affiliate. However, it has been an ABC affiliate from the very first day. This was somewhat unusual for a two-station market, especially one of Wilmington's size. For most of its first 20 years in television, ABC, as the smallest and weakest of the Big Three networks, was relegated to secondary status on existing stations in most two-station markets. However, at the time channel 3 signed on, no ABC affiliate put even a grade B signal into Wilmington. In contrast, WBTW in Florence, South Carolina, put a fairly strong grade B signal into the area. While WECT continued to cherry-pick CBS programming, WBTW remained CBS' affiliate of record for southeastern North Carolina until WJKA-TV (channel 26, now WSFX-TV, a Fox affiliate) signed on 20 years later; the former continued to serve some portions of the market until WILM-LD switched its affiliation to CBS in 2000. Cape Fear thus figured that if it signed with ABC, it would not get much local competition.

Cape Fear sold WWAY to Clay Broadcasting (later to become Clay Communications) in 1968. In 1969, the station moved its studios to a new building a few blocks north on Front Street that was the first piece of a redevelopment of the north end of downtown. In 1981, a military jet destroyed the WWAY broadcast tower near Winnabow. The tower was replaced with one nearly 2,000 ft tall. As part of the divestiture of the company's newspaper and television properties, on April 30, 1987, Clay sold its WWAY and its four sister television stations—NBC affiliates KJAC-TV (now Dabl affiliate KBTV-TV) in Beaumont–Port Arthur, Texas, KFDX-TV in Wichita Falls, Texas, and ABC affiliate WAPT in Jackson, Mississippi—to New York City–based Price Communications Corporation for $60 million; the sale was approved by the FCC on June 23. In 1988, Price sold WWAY to Adams Communications. Adams then sold the station to CLG Media in 1993, who then flipped it to Hillside Broadcasting in 1995. Hillside then sold WWAY to Cosmos Broadcasting, a subsidiary of the Liberty Corporation, in 1999. That company sold off its insurance interests two years later, bringing WWAY directly under the Liberty banner. In 2004, WWAY, following the lead of then-owner Liberty's ABC-affiliated stations, preempted a showing of the 1998 movie Saving Private Ryan.

In 2005, Liberty merged with Raycom Media, which already owned WECT. That company could not keep both stations as Federal Communications Commission (FCC) duopoly rules do not allow common ownership of two of the four largest stations in a single market. As a result, Raycom opted to keep the longer-established and higher-rated WECT and spun off WWAY to current owner Morris Multimedia in 2006. However, the station retained the Liberty-era logo that was introduced in 2003. On May 8, 2008, the FCC announced that Wilmington had been selected as a test market for the 2009 national digital television transition. Five stations in Wilmington, including WWAY, also agreed to voluntarily cease analog broadcasting on September 8. Channel 3 made its transition from analog to digital at Noon on that date. On June 15, WWAY started broadcasting the Retro Television Network on its second digital channel. This had previously served as a 24-hour local weather channel.

In September 2013, WWAY announced that it would add The CW on a digital subchannel. The new channel launched on September 30, 2013, under the branding "Cape Fear CW". The addition of The CW pushed RTV to channel 3.3, before Cozi TV took over the tertiary frequency in January 2015. On March 30, 2016, CBS announced that it would move its local affiliation to WWAY-DT2 from WILM-LD on January 1, 2017. The move shifted Cape Fear CW to 3.3, thereby bumping Cozi TV from that spot.

In March 2017, the station's parent announced the purchase of the former Thunder Alley bowling center in Leland, to be converted to the station's new state-of-the-art broadcast studios. On April 29, 2018, WWAY began on-air programming from the Leland facilities at 1224 Magnolia Village Way, completing the move from the 615 North Front Street studios in Downtown Wilmington that the station had occupied since 1969.

News operation
Rival WECT has been the longtime market leader in terms of attaining consistent viewership and higher Nielsen ratings. WWAY is the only other Wilmington station that produces local news since WILM-LD did not operate a news department of its own while it was affiliated with CBS (unlike most big three network-affiliated television stations). However, that outlet does simulcast some newscasts from WRAL-TV in Raleigh with Wilmington-specific weather inserts (that are taped in advance), but there is no news coverage of the Cape Fear region. In order to provide WILM with more localized coverage, a news share agreement was established with WWAY allowing this ABC outlet to produce a live newscast on weeknights at 7 p.m. This half-hour production aired from March 10, 2008, until February 27, 2009.

On August 1, 2009, WWAY stopped airing weekend newscasts, leaving WECT as the only option for viewers. Although it would eventually bring back a Sunday night show at 11 p.m. on October 3, 2010, WECT retained its ratings and viewership dominance throughout all dayparts. On January 6, 2014, WWAY launched a thirty-minute weeknight newscast on WWAY-DT2 under the title Cape Fear CW Primetime News at 10. This is the first competition to Fox affiliate WSFX-TV, which has a well-established nightly newscast at 10 p.m. produced by WECT. Unlike most ABC outlets, WWAY does not air a full two-hour weekday morning show (its Good Morning Carolina program is only seen from 5:30 a.m. until 7 a.m.). It also does not carry a 4 p.m. newscast during the week. WWAY is one of a few ABC affiliates to air paid programming on weekday mornings and afternoons.

On January 2, 2017, WWAY began producing a midday newscast and a full-hour 7 p.m. newscast for WWAY-DT2, when the subchannel became a CBS affiliate. The 10 p.m. newscast currently on WWAY-DT2 moved with the rest of the CW Plus schedule to WWAY-DT3. In addition, WWAY-DT2 simulcasts all of the main WWAY subchannel's other newscasts.

Notable current on–air staff

 * Brett Blizzard – Full Court Press host (sports)
 * Trot Nixon – Fifth Quarter host (sports)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

After CBS moved to WWAY-DT2 from WILM-LD (which became an independent station), the multiplex bandwidth was switched around so that the main ABC signal continued to be carried in 720p, with WWAY-DT2 broadcasting in CBS' default 1080i resolution. In August 2021, WWAY-DT3's CW feed was upgraded to high definition. Prior to this, the feed was only carried in HD on select cable providers.

title: WWAY


text:
Talk:Francis Arinze

Untitled

 * See http://www.nbccongress.org/black-catholics/african-popes.asp --Sonjaaa 05:10, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * But we don't know whether or not he'd be the first black Pope. Nobody knows what colour skin the African Popes had. (Alphaboi867 21:26, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC))
 * I changed the link from African pope to African pope. Otherwise, people who want to know more about the previous African popes wouldn't find the relevant article. Michaël 09:41, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Changed "As Father" to "As Priest" as it sounds better and is less confusing upon first notice. --User:Jordan 13:11, April 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Removed the line "He is considered conservative by some, while progressive by others on issues related to homosexuality, abortion, contraception and the family". No examples are given. It's like saying "some people think he's a nice guy, others don't".

 * Just read the quotation. Rama 13:55, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Education
Information on Cardinal Arinze's education always seems somewhat sketchy. Was he granted degrees at the institutions he attended? If so, what are they? Where was his research focused? Has he published any scholarly work related to liturgy? If so, where? Does he, like nearly all of his brother Cardinals, have a doctorate?

Even his biography on the official Vatican website has scant details of his education, and does not state any specific degrees that he has earned.

His Eminence has many degrees: he graduated from the seminary with a degree in philosophy; at the Pontifical Urban University, he obtained a degree in theology, followed by a licentiate and ultimately a doctorate in sacred theology, which he earned summa cum laude.

Any sources for the above information? Most bios say "he took courses" but none seem to discuss his degrees or whether he acutally earned the STD (graduated)--which of course is not nearly the same as a PhD--but perhaps he has one of those as well? Why does the Vatican bio leave all this out? Fishy.172.190.146.26 06:52, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

<>Dortruben

 * His publications:

Sacrifice in Ibo Religion, 1970; Answering God's Call, 1983; Alone With God, 1986; Church in Dialogue, 1990; Meeting Other Believers, 1997; Holy Eucharist, 2001; Religions for Peace, 2002. Gavin Scott (talk) 07:52, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

Quotation
The last line of the quotations isn't a complete sentence. Removal? Sources? Dale720240 (talk) 17:09, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Francis Arinze


text:
Doseone

Adam Drucker (born April 21, 1977), better known by his stage name Doseone, is an American rapper, producer, poet and artist. He is a co-founder of the indie hip hop record label Anticon. He has also been a member of numerous groups including Deep Puddle Dynamics, Greenthink, Clouddead, Themselves, Subtle, 13 & God, Go Dark, Nevermen, and A7pha.

History
Doseone is known for his extensive collaborations with other Anticon members, forming numerous groups and performing guest spots on others' releases. He has recorded with many musicians including Mr. Dibbs, Aesop Rock, Slug, Sole, Alias, Jel, Odd Nosdam, Why?, Fog, Boom Bip, The Notwist and Mike Patton. He has also released several solo albums, including the spoken word album Soft Skulls and a combination audio CD and poetry book The Pelt.

Early in his musical career, Doseone once competed in a freestyle rap battle with then-unknown Eminem at Scribble Jam in 1997. In 1998, Doseone released his first solo album, Hemispheres. In 2000, he released Circle, a collaborative album with producer Boom Bip. In 2012, he released the solo album, G Is for Deep, on Anticon.

Doseone is also a visual artist. He has worked on the cover art for many of the albums he has performed on. He has contributed the artwork on Jel's album Soft Money in 2006. He has also done work in animation. He worked on an online animated cartoon NOTGarfield. The series consists of characters from Garfield involved in surreal dada situations.

In January 2012 it was announced that Adult Swim has ordered a pilot of an animated series called Mars Safari that will feature a soundtrack by Doseone and Jel. Doseone will star alongside Steve Little and Carl Weathers to voice the character Emilio.

Doseone has also participated in creating music for indie games, including Sludge Life, Samurai Gunn, Catacomb Kids, Enter the Gungeon, Vlambeer's games Gun Godz and Nuclear Throne, Messhof's Nidhogg 2, Disc Room and many other independent games currently in development.

Style
Doseone is known for his nasal and high pitched voice, fast polyrhythmic rapping style, and extremely dense and abstract lyrics. His words tend to express upon topics of childhood, nature, and American life. While rapping/singing onstage, he often also simultaneously performs on the synthesizer, sampler, or keyboard.

A recurring character in much of Doseone's work is a man named Hour Hero Yes. He is mentioned in the 13 & God song "Ghostwork" as well as throughout albums of his band Subtle. Album and video artwork, as well as art on Subtle's official website, suggest Hour Hero Yes to be a bald man with a black and white striped face; an image which is embodied by a bust that serves as a centerpiece prop during live Subtle shows. On the cover of For Hero: For Fool, he appears in old military garb with fire for hair.

Studio albums

 * Hemispheres (1998)
 * It's Not Easy Being... (1998) (with Why?, as Greenthink)
 * Blindfold (1999) (Greenthink)
 * Slowdeath (1999)
 * Circle (2000) (with Boom Bip)
 * Object Beings (2001) (with Why? & Pedestrian, as Object Beings)
 * Ha (2005)
 * Soft Skulls (2007)
 * Skeleton Repelent (2007)
 * G Is for Deep (2012)
 * A7pha (2017) (with Mestizo, as A7pha)
 * Less Is Orchestra (2018) (with Alias)
 * G is for JOB (2020)
 * A7pha II (2022) (with Mestizo, as A7pha)
 * North American Adonis (2023) (with Buck 65 and Jel, as North American Adonis)

Live albums

 * Apogee (1997) (with Why?, Josiah & Mr. Dibbs, as Apogee)
 * Be Evil (2009)

EPs

 * Crazy Hitman Science (1999) (with Jel, Why?, et al., as Blud N Gutz)
 * The Samurai Gunn (2013)
 * Free Ring Tone of the Month Vol. I (2013)
 * Bitchsword (2014) (with Ash, as Go Dark)
 * Heavy Bullets (2014)
 * Free Ring Tone of the Month Vol. II (2014)
 * Brightwild (2015) (Go Dark)
 * Hunt Me (2016) (Go Dark)
 * ''Even with Demons (2023)

Singles

 * "Attack of the Postmodern Pat Boones / Cannibalism of the Object Beings" (2000) (Object Beings)

Audio books

 * The Pelt (2003)
 * Unearthing (2010) (with Andrew Broder, as Crook & Flail)

Collaborations

 * "How U Feelin?" (with Peeping Tom, 2006)

Video games

 * Heavy Bullets (2014)
 * Super Game Jam: Soundtrack (2014) (with Kuabee)
 * 0rbitalis: Soundtrack (2015)
 * Enter the Gungeon: Soundtrack (2016)
 * Disc Room: Soundtrack (2016)
 * SLUDGE LIFE (Original SoundTrack) (2020)
 * Escape Academy (Original SoundTrack) (2022)
 * SLUDGE LIFE 2 (Original SoundTrack) (2023)

title: Doseone


text:
WFMY-TV

WFMY-TV (channel 2) is a television station licensed to Greensboro, North Carolina, United States, serving as the CBS affiliate for the Piedmont Triad region. Owned by Tegna Inc., the station maintains studios on Phillips Avenue in Greensboro and a transmitter in Randleman, North Carolina.

WFMY began broadcasting in 1949; it was the second television station in North Carolina and the first to originate a live broadcast. It was owned by the Greensboro News Company, publishers of the Greensboro Daily News and Daily Record. It aired programming from all major networks in its early years, when it was the only station in the Triad, though it was always primarily a CBS affiliate. WFMY became the highest-rated station in the market and the traditional ratings leader, with such regionally popular local shows as The Old Rebel Show and The Good Morning Show. Beginning in the late 1990s, sharper competition from the other major stations in the market has reduced and at times eliminated the lead WFMY-TV once had.

Construction
The Greensboro News Company, publisher of the Greensboro Daily News and Daily Record newspapers, began its foray into broadcasting with FM radio. On January 8, 1947, ground was broken on a tower for a new FM radio station, WFMY, near the Daily News building on Davie Street. Construction proceeded slowly; the tower was not completed until December, and WFMY made its first broadcast on March 14, 1948, on 97.3 MHz.

A month before WFMY radio debuted, the Greensboro News Company applied on February 26, 1948, for authority to build a television station. The Federal Communications Commission approved the request on June 2, but preparations for the new station began in earnest in April 1949, after final construction approval for changes. Among the last items was a modification to the existing WFMY radio tower, which was set back by the failure of a cable, causing the antenna to drop and be damaged.

WFMY-TV made its first test broadcasts on August 18, 1949. At 6:10 p.m., viewers saw staff announcer Don Hardison; the newscast did not start correctly with sound, and the first words viewers heard Hardison say were "Judas Priest". This was the first live television broadcast in North Carolina; while WBTV in Charlotte was already on the air, it lacked the capability to originate local broadcasts. Full programming began on September 22, 1949, and the station initially aired six days a week, going off the air every Saturday. WFMY-TV was a primary affiliate of CBS, but it had arrangements to use programming from all four networks of the day, including NBC, ABC, and DuMont Television Network. Network programs were presented by kinescopes—filmed recordings of telecasts as seen in New York—until September 1950, when network coaxial cable service reached Greensboro. WFMY radio closed on April 19, 1953, with its studio space and personnel absorbed into the growing television operation.

WFMY and WBTV were the only authorized television stations in North Carolina prior to the FCC's freeze on new television station awards, which lasted from October 1948 to July 1952. As a result, channel 2 was the first television station to provide dependable service not only to the Triad but areas of east-central North Carolina; this included Durham and the state capital, Raleigh, which did not get a local station until July 1953. Even then, WNAO-TV was an ultra high frequency (UHF) station and required a converter to view, so many households in Raleigh continued to mostly watch WFMY until WTVD began in Durham in September 1954. The end of the freeze also brought new stations to the Triad. WFMY-TV became a sole CBS affiliate in September 1953 when two new stations went on the air in Winston-Salem. First on air was WTOB-TV (channel 26), an affiliate of ABC and DuMont, followed by NBC affiliate WSJS-TV (now WXII-TV) on channel 12. WTOB-TV closed in 1957, and channels 2 and 12 split ABC programming until WGHP began on channel 8 in 1963.

New studios and new programming
Beginning at the end of 1953, WFMY-TV built new facilities and a new tower, 659 ft high plus a 101 ft antenna, at its present studio site at Phillips and Summit avenues. The new building was six times larger than the 4500 ft2 facility on Davie Street and boasted two studios, each larger than the original studio of 14 by. The station moved to the new studios on January 2, 1955, and simultaneously increased its power to the maximum of 100,000 watts.

Over the course of the 1950s, WFMY-TV launched three long-running local programs. In 1951, the station debuted the children's show Six-Gun Playhouse. It was hosted by George Perry, who noted a fad of Confederate fashion at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and adopted a "Rebel cap" for his character. The Old Rebel Show—filmed before a live studio audience of dozens of children—remained on the station for 26 years, first in afternoons and then in mornings before becoming a weekly Saturday program in its final year. What's Cooking Today, a cooking series hosted by Cordelia Kelly, ran for 18 years from 1953 to 1971.

The third major program in the 1950s came about as the result of a schedule change by CBS. When the network dropped an early incarnation of The Jimmy Dean Show, program director Gomer Lesch sought to fill the 7:30 a.m. slot it vacated with a local program along the lines of a radio morning show. On December 16, 1957, The Good Morning Show debuted, hosted by WFMY-TV announcer Lee Kinard. Over the years, the program evolved from a half-hour show that played music into a morning show with news, weather, sports, and community features. It expanded first to an hour, then 90 minutes and finally two hours in 1971. Kinard also hosted a variety show in the afternoon, TV Matinee, that lasted until 1965. in addition to presenting the weather on WFMY's early evening newscast.

Landmark and Harte-Hanks ownership
The Greensboro News Company, its newspapers and WFMY-TV included, were acquired by Norfolk–Portsmouth Newspapers Inc. in a $17.1 million transaction in 1964; half the transaction cost was estimated to represent the television station. Despite objections from some FCC commissioners over excessive concentration of media, the deal received approval in December, Norfolk–Portsmouth Newspapers, now with media interests beyond Virginia, renamed itself Landmark Communications in 1967.

The Greensboro sit-ins in 1960 spurred changes in the short- and long-term at WFMY-TV as well as the growth of the news department. These changes became visible in the late 1960s and 1970s as the station hired Black presenters and reporters. Fred Davis, hired in December 1968, was the first Black reporter at the station; his wife received death threats for Fred, threatening a reprise of "what happened to Martin Luther King". Davis left for Michigan, but he recommended television to another graduate of North Carolina A&T State University, Sandra Hughes. Hughes joined in 1972 and two years later was hosting a daily talk show, Sandra & Friends, making her the first African American to host such a program in North Carolina. At times, bomb threats were called into the station; she stayed in the studio as almost everyone else evacuated, keeping the program going.

Harte-Hanks Newspapers acquired WFMY-TV from Landmark in a $19 million deal announced in July 1976 and closed in January 1977. Old Rebel was canceled by the station, having "run its course". Landmark never gave a specific reason for selling WFMY-TV, but newspaper–broadcast cross-ownership limitations were suggested, as was a concurrent project to build a new printing press for the Greensboro newspapers. When Sandra & Friends ended in 1978, Hughes initially moved to hosting the station's version of PM Magazine. By this time, the station had cemented itself as the ratings leader; when one survey in 1978 showed WXII ahead of WFMY-TV at 6 p.m., Jerry Kenion of the Greensboro Daily News called it "the first time in recent memory (and perhaps the first time ever)" that WFMY had been surpassed. That turned out to be a fluke, even by the admission of WXII management. In 1981, the station expanded its evening newscast to an hour, the first in North Carolina outside of Charlotte. In 1982, when CBS expanded its morning offerings, the weekday edition of the network morning show—then titled Morning—was removed from channel 2's schedule to keep the highly popular The Good Morning Show intact, and WFMY also lost Captain Kangaroo due to the scheduling difference.

WFMY-TV built its current tower near Sophia, North Carolina, south of Greensboro, in 1980. The 1914 ft mast cost $3 million to build and was part of a plan to increase the station's coverage area from 11720 mi2 to 19730 mi2, though it also impaired reception for residents in its shadow.

On the evening of September 25, 1984, the station's leased Bell JetRanger news helicopter, "Sky 2", crashed while attempting to assist in the rescue of a construction worker trapped atop a water tower in Kernersville (near Winston-Salem). The tower was being dismantled when a piece of steel snapped and trapped the worker for hours, causing him to bleed profusely; "Sky 2" was called in to assist in the rescue. Pilot Tom Haroski began lowering the chopper above the tower, as an EMS worker on board was preparing to rescue the man. The chopper's tail rotor hit one of the steel beams as it hovered over the tower, sending it spiraling nose-first into the ground, killing Haroski and the rescue worker instantly.

Gannett/Tegna ownership
In 1984, Harte-Hanks underwent a leveraged buyout that saddled it with $700 million in debt. To reduce this load, Harte-Hanks put a number of its divisions up for sale in October 1987, including three newspapers, seven cable systems, and WFMY-TV and WTLV in Jacksonville, Florida. That December, Gannett agreed to buy WFMY-TV and WTLV for $155 million. The transaction was completed in February 1988. WFMY's first general manager under Gannett, Hank Price, found the station in good condition and not needing any major changes. CBS This Morning began airing on tape delay in 1988, running after The Good Morning Show.

As late as 1995, WFMY held leads in all time periods where it had newscasts. However, its ratings soon came under pressure. Kinard left The Good Morning Show in November 1997 after just under 40 years, and the station was experiencing increased competition from WGHP and WXII, to which it responded by updating the look and feel of its newscasts and the format of Good Morning—now airing for three hours—to appeal to younger viewers. The 1998 local introduction of people meters for ratings purposes also hurt WFMY by increasing the representation of younger viewers, who were less likely to be loyal to the station.

Kinard retired from the 6 p.m. newscast in December 1999. By then, WXII had come to surpass WFMY at 11 p.m., and WGHP was more competitive in the morning. For WXII, this was the result of a strategy over the course of the 1990s to increase its coverage of news events beyond the western Piedmont and into Greensboro, the market's largest city; WGHP, which had made a similar decision, benefited from its 1995 affiliation switch from ABC to Fox. WFMY, with a news viewership described in 2000 as "older and more ethnic", now found itself in a regularly close ratings race. Hughes retired in 2010, capping a 20-year run as evening anchor at the station, which named its newsroom for her.

In 2011, under general manager Larry Audas, WFMY revamped its news format, dubbed "News 2.0". Shortly after, the station launched an expansion of The Good Morning Show to 4:30 a.m. A new newscast displaced a fixture on channel 2's schedule: the 5:30 p.m. airing of The Andy Griffith Show, which WFMY-TV had aired in that time period for decades.

On June 29, 2015, the Gannett Company split in two, with one side specializing in print media and the other side specializing in broadcast and digital media. WFMY was retained by the latter company, named Tegna.

In December 2019, The Good Morning Show was changed to end at 7 a.m., allowing CBS This Morning to air live for the first time on WFMY; this was part of a larger schedule overhaul that included a 4 p.m. newscast.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Woody Durham — sports director, 1963–1977
 * Mike Hogewood — sports director, 1987–2001
 * Monica Malpass — news researcher, early 1980s
 * Topper Shutt — weekend meteorologist, 1987–1988
 * Rolonda Watts — reporter, early 1980s

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
WFMY-TV began digital broadcasting on April 18, 2002, as the second local station to do so. It ended regular programming on its analog signal on June 12, 2009, as part of the FCC-mandated transition to digital television for full-power stations. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 51, using virtual channel 2. As part of the SAFER Act, WFMY-TV kept its analog signal on the air until July 12 to inform viewers of the digital television transition through a loop of public service announcements from the National Association of Broadcasters.

On May 15, 2020, under the provisions of the FCC's spectrum reallocation program, WFMY's transmissions moved to channel 35.

title: WFMY-TV


text:
Chieko Honda

Chieko Honda (本多 知恵子) was a Japanese actress and voice actress. During her life, she was attached to Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society and Mix Max; she was attached to Aoni Production at the time of her death. On 18 February 2013, Honda died of multiple forms of cancer while undergoing treatment.

Television animation

 * Heavy Metal L-Gaim (1984) (Amu Fanneria)
 * Dragon Ball (1986) (Pochawompa)
 * Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ (1986) (Elpeo Ple, Ple Two)
 * Kimagure Orange Road (1987) (Kurumi Kasuga)
 * Kyatto Ninden Teyandee (1991) (Okara)
 * YuYu Hakusho (1992) (Misako)
 * Floral Magician Mary Bell (1992) (Mary Bell)
 * Sailor Moon S (1994) (Tellu)
 * Akazukin Chacha (1994) (Teacher Mayachon)
 * Cho Kuse ni Nariso (1994) (Momoko)
 * Nurse Angel Ririka SOS (1995) (Ms. Kimizuka)
 * Wedding Peach (1995) (Noiizu)
 * After War Gundam X (1996) (Ennil El)
 * Rurouni Kenshin (1996) (Azusa)
 * Flame of Recca (1997) (Mikoto)
 * Shōjo Kakumei Utena (1997) (Kozue Kaoru)
 * Cyber Team in Akihabara (1998) (Jun Goutokuji/Blood Falcon)
 * Corrector Yui (1999) (Manami Sayama)
 * Princess Comet (2001) (Meteor)
 * Let's Ask Dr. Rin! (2001) (Azusa)
 * Full Moon o Sagashite (2002) (Meroko Yui)
 * Mermaid Forest (2003) (Yukie)
 * Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch (2003) (Yūri)
 * Oh My Goddess! (2005) (Chieko Honda)
 * Pocket Monsters Diamond & Pearl (2007) (Gardenia)
 * Soul Eater (2008) (Marie Mjolnir)

Unknown date

 * Bosco Adventure (Araiguma)
 * Detective Conan (Akane Isaka, Akiko Sayama, Kinoshita (young))
 * Doteraman (Yukari)
 * Ganbare, Kickers! (Ayumi Daichi)
 * Grenadier - The Senshi of Smiles (Tenshi)
 * Himitsu no Akko-chan (Tsukiko Takeno)
 * Jigoku Sensei Nūbē (Izuna Hazuki)
 * Katekyo Hitman Reborn! (Yoka Iris)
 * Kiteretsu Daihyakka (Miyoko Nonoka, Omiyo)
 * Lady Lady!! (Sarah Frances Russell)
 * Mobile Suit Gundam: The 08th MS Team (Cynthia)
 * Penguin Musume Heart (Black Rose)
 * Rosario + Vampire Capu2 (Ageha Kurono)
 * Soreike! Anpanman (Tsurarachan)
 * Robin Hood no Daiboken (Cleo)
 * The Burning Wild Man (Yukie Kokuhō)
 * The Legend of Snow White (Cathy)
 * Time Travel Tondekeman (Tanya)
 * To Heart 2 (Haruka Yuzuhara)
 * Yagami-kun's Family Affairs (Nomi Yagami)

Original video animation

 * Gall Force (1986) (Amy)
 * Dead Heat (1987) (Kaori)
 * Battle Royal High School (1987) (Kei Kobayashi)
 * Dragon Century (1988) (Rulishia)
 * Hades Project Zeorymer (1988) (Miku Himuro)
 * Violence Jack Evil Town (1988) (Tom Cat)
 * Riding Bean (1989) (Chelsea)
 * Devil Hunter Yohko (1990) (Chikako Ogawa)
 * 1+2=Paradise (1990) (Rika Nakamura)
 * Yagami-kun no Katei no Jijō (1990) (Nomi Yagami)
 * Here is Greenwood (1991) (Miya Igarashi)
 * Madara (1991) (Kirin)
 * Black Jack (1993) (Romi)
 * Compiler (1994) (Plasma)
 * Tekkaman Blade II (1994) (Natasha Pablochiva/Tekkaman Vesna)

Theatrical animation

 * Mobile Suit SD Gundam (1988) (Elpeo Ple)
 * Silent Möbius (1991) (Nami Yamigumo)
 * Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen-mae Hashutsujo: The Movie 2: UFO Shūrai! Tornado Daisakusen!! (2003) (Cathy)
 * Detective Conan: The Lost Ship in the Sky (2010) (Chiaki Ōta)

Video games

 * Jigoku Sensei Nūbē (1997) (Izuna Hazuki)
 * EVE ZERO (2000) (Yayoi Katsuragi)
 * EVE New Generation (2006) (Yayoi Katsuragi)
 * Wrestle Angels Survivor (2006) (Hikaru Ogawa, Shizuka Yajima)
 * Vanquish (2010) (Elena Ivanova)
 * Pachislot To Heart 2 (2012) (Haruka Yuzuhara)

Animation

 * The Legend of Tarzan (Queen La)

title: Chieko Honda


text:
WECT

WECT (channel 6) is a television station in Wilmington, North Carolina, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by Gray Television, which provides certain services to Fox affiliate WSFX-TV (channel 26) under a shared services agreement (SSA) with American Spirit Media. The two stations share studios on Shipyard Boulevard in Wilmington; WECT's transmitter is located near Winnabow, North Carolina.

History
Channel 6 began broadcasting on April 9, 1954, with the call sign WMFD-TV. It aired an analog signal on VHF channel 6 from a 941 ft transmitter near Delco. The station was owned by Atlantic Telecasting Corporation alongside Wilmington's oldest radio station, WMFD. Atlantic Telecasting sold off the radio station in 1958 and changed the television station's calls changed to the current WECT. The callsign WMFD-TV is now used by an independent television station in Mansfield, Ohio.

At its launch, channel 6 was affiliated with all four networks of the day—NBC, CBS, DuMont and ABC. However, it has always been a primary NBC affiliate. It lost DuMont when that network went silent in 1956. The station finally got local competition in 1964 when WWAY signed on. However, WWAY opted to affiliate with the much weaker ABC, forcing WECT to shoehorn NBC and CBS onto its schedule until the 1970s, when cable arrived in the Wilmington market. It primarily carried CBS soap operas and CBS' Sunday afternoon NFL coverage. At one point, this station was carried on cable systems in the Triangle region of North Carolina (Raleigh, Durham, Fayetteville, and Chapel Hill) for a time when NBC did not have a full-time affiliate in that market. At one time, WECT had a Fayetteville news bureau.

In 1969, WECT moved to a 2,000 ft tall tower near White Lake—among the tallest east of the Mississippi. From the 1970s to the 1980s, WECT was picked up by numerous cable systems from Fayetteville eastward. At one point, it was carried on cable as far west as Wadesboro and as far north as Greenville. Due to its longstanding popularity, WECT is still carried on cable systems in the eastern portion of the Triangle market, including Fayetteville and Southern Pines. It is also available on cable in Jacksonville, which is part of the Greenville–Washington–New Bern market.

For its first half-century on the air, the station served as the default NBC affiliate for the northern and eastern portions of the Florence–Myrtle Beach, South Carolina market, including Myrtle Beach itself. That market was one of the last on the East Coast without its own NBC affiliate. It was carried on cable as far south as Georgetown, South Carolina. Well into the 1990s, it identified as "Wilmington–Fayetteville–Myrtle Beach" to acknowledge its viewership in Fayetteville and the Grand Strand. However, WECT's signal was somewhat weak on the North Carolina side of the market, such as Laurinburg.

Atlantic Telecasting sold the station to the News-Press & Gazette Company in 1986. That company then sold its entire station group to the first incarnation of New Vision Television in 1993. New Vision turned around and sold its entire group to Ellis Communications in 1995. Ellis was folded into Raycom Media in 1997. In 2006, Raycom bought out the Liberty Corporation, owner of WWAY. However, FCC duopoly rules forced Raycom to spin off WWAY to Morris Multimedia as a condition of the Raycom–Liberty merger.

On May 8, 2008, the FCC announced that five stations in Wilmington (including WECT) had agreed to voluntarily cease analog broadcasting on September 8 five months ahead of the February 17, 2009, tentative date for television stations to complete the analog-to-digital transition. The market was used by the FCC as a pre-transition test market. After the digital transition, WGNI radio agreed to air emergency weather information from WECT. Previously, because channel 6 is adjacent to the FM band, its broadcasts could be heard on FM 87.7.

WECT's coverage has been reduced as a result of the digital transition which left the station on UHF. The move of the station's transmitter by 35 mi from south of White Lake to Winnabow left Fayetteville viewers unable to watch the station over the air. The station's former transmitter was located in Bladen County, approximately halfway between Wilmington and Fayetteville. While Myrtle Beach itself is just outside the fringe area for the digital signal, North Myrtle Beach is just inside it. The southern and western portions of the Florence–Myrtle Beach market were served by another Raycom station, WIS in Columbia.

On August 8, 2008, Raycom signed-on WMBF-TV, a new digital-only NBC affiliate in Myrtle Beach covering the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing as part of its first network programming. Due to FCC regulations, WECT disappeared from most cable systems in the Florence–Myrtle Beach market when WMBF signed on. For longtime viewers, this was controversial as this station had been on cable systems in Laurinburg and Lumberton for decades. On December 1, 2008, WECT returned to the Time Warner Cable lineup in Lumberton, but was placed in the digital tier.

This station is one of the few NBC affiliates that refused to air Poker After Dark. In 2012, Raycom gave the station's defunct analog transmitter site to the Green Beret Foundation. On September 20, 2012, the tower, which was built in 1969 and was among the tallest man-made structures east of the Mississippi River, was imploded. At the time it was the tallest-ever man-made structure leveled via explosive demolition. Plans called for the scrap metal and the 77 acre site to be sold to benefit the foundation.

Sale to Gray Television
On June 25, 2018, Atlanta-based Gray Television announced it had reached an agreement to merge with Raycom, with Gray as the surviving company. The cash-and-stock merger transaction valued at $3.6 billion – in which Gray shareholders would acquire preferred stock currently held by Raycom – made WECT a sister station to fellow NBC affiliate WITN-TV in Washington. WITN-TV and WECT had briefly been sister stations when Raycom was formed in 1997. However, Raycom was forced to sell WITN to Gray in 1997 because WITN's signal has city-grade quality in the northern portion of the Wilmington market. At the time, the FCC normally did not allow one company to own two stations with overlapping signals, and would not even consider a waiver for a city-grade overlap. The sale was approved on December 20 and completed on January 2, 2019.

News operation
On September 22, 2003, through a news share agreement, WECT began producing a nightly half-hour prime time newscast on WSFX (Fox 26 News at 10 (now Fox Wilmington News at 10)). This was eventually joined by an sixty-minute extension of WECT's weekday morning show on September 13, 2006, called Carolina in the Morning on Fox 26 (now Carolina in the Morning on Fox Wilmington), seen from 7 to 8 on WSFX offering an alternative to the national morning shows seen on the market's big three network-affiliated stations.

On August 31, 2008, WECT became Wilmington's first television outlet to upgrade local news production to high definition level and the broadcasts on WSFX were included in the change. At some point in time, WECT added a third newscast to WSFX, under the title Fox 26 News at 6:30 (later became Fox Wilmington News at 6:30). It only aired on weeknights and attempted to compete against the national evening newscasts seen on the big three networks. It would be canceled by the end of 2013 in preparation to expand the weeknight edition of the 10 p.m. show to an hour (which occurred on January 15, 2014).

After WWAY stopped producing weekend evening newscasts on August 1, 2009, WECT and WSFX became the only outlets in Wilmington to offer evening broadcasts seen seven nights a week. Although WWAY eventually reintroduced a local newscast airing Sunday nights at 11, WECT and WSFX remain the only channels in the market to air newscasts throughout the weekend. All newscasts on WSFX air from WECT's primary set but with modified duratrans indicating the Fox-branded shows.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Prior to September 26, 2012, WECT-DT2 aired a 24-hour local weather channel with the branding "WECT Plus". The subchannel also aired repeats of the main channel's weeknight 6 and 11 p.m. newscasts as well as local traffic and travel information. Occasionally, other special programming aired on WECT-DT2. From April 15, 2005, until the end of December 2008, WECT-DT2 carried the defunct NBC Weather Plus. WECT replaced the local weather channel with Bounce TV on August 18, 2014.

Escape (now Ion Mystery) was added to a new subchannel.

title: WECT


text:
Claude Alexandre, Count of Bonneval

Claude Alexandre, Count of Bonneval (14 July 1675 – 23 March 1747), was a French army officer who later went into the service of the Ottoman Empire, eventually converting to Islam and becoming known as Humbaracı Ahmet Paşa.

Life
The descendant of an old family of Limousin, Alexandre joined the Royal Marine Corps at the age of thirteen. After three years he entered the army and eventually rose to command a regiment. He served in the Italian campaigns under Catinat, Villeroy and Vendôme, and in the Netherlands under Luxembourg, showing indomitable courage and great military ability. However, his insolent attitude towards the minister of war led to a court martial (1704) in which he was condemned to death. He saved himself by fleeing to Germany.

Through the influence of Prince Eugene of Savoy he obtained a general's command in the Austrian army, and fought with great bravery and distinction against France and afterwards against the Ottoman Empire. In 1706 he removed and then lost the only manuscript of Rutilius Namatianus from Bobbio in Italy.

He was present at the Battle of Malplaquet in 1709 and was severely wounded at Peterwardein. The proceedings against him in France were then allowed to drop, and he visited Paris and married Judith-Charlotte, a daughter of Marshal-Duke of Biron. Shortly afterwards he returned to the Austrian army and fought with distinction at the Siege of Belgrade.

He might have risen to the highest rank, had he not made himself disagreeable to Prince Eugene, who sent him as master of the ordnance to the Low Countries. There his ungovernable temper led him into a quarrel with the Marquis de Prié, Eugene's deputy governor in the Netherlands, who answered his challenge by placing him in confinement. He was again court martialled and condemned to death although the emperor commuted the sentence to one year's imprisonment and banishment. Bonneval was returned to Vienna, stripped of his rank, titles and honours, and exiled to Venice.

Soon after his release, Bonneval offered his services to the Turkish government, professed Islam and took the name of Ahmed. He was made a pasha, and appointed to organise and command the Turkish artillery, eventually contributing to the Austrian defeat at Niš and the subsequent end of the Austrian-Ottoman war marked by the Treaty of Belgrade, where Austria lost northern Serbia with Belgrade, Lesser Wallachia, and territories in northern Bosnia.

He was also close friends with a well-respected local mullah, Ismail Pasha.

In his Histoire de ma vie, the Venetian Giacomo Casanova described his meeting, at the age of 19, with the Count de Bonneval in Constantinople, giving his Muslim name as Osman rather than Ahmed.

He rendered valuable services to the sultan in his war with Russia, and with the famous Nader Shah. As a reward he received the governorship of Chios. However, he then fell under the suspicion of the Sublime Porte (the Ottoman administration) and was banished for a time to the shores of the Black Sea. He died at Constantinople in March 1747 and is buried in the cemetery attached to the Galata, Mevlevihane. Kumbaracı Sokaği, also in Galata, is named after him (kumbaracı being the modern spelling for humbaracı), making him a rare foreigner to have received such an accolade in modern Istanbul.

The Memoirs published under his name are spurious.
 * Prince de Ligne, Mémoire sur le comte de Bonneval (Paris, 1817);
 * A. Vandal, Le Pacha Bonneval (Paris, 1885).

title: Claude Alexandre, Count of Bonneval


text:
Robert of Gloucester (historian)

Robert of Gloucester (fl. c.  1260 – c. 1300) wrote a chronicle of British, English and Norman history sometime in the mid- or late thirteenth century.

Biography
Little is known about Robert himself; the key reason for attributing the Chronicle to a person of this name is a mention in the continuation of the longer version that 'roberd / þat verst þis boc made' ('Robert / that first this book made', lines 11748–49) personally witnessed an eclipse that accompanied the Battle of Evesham (1265). The appellation 'of Gloucester' was added by early modern antiquarians on the basis of the perspective taken in later sections of the longer version of the chronicle.

Manuscripts and versions
The chronicle survives in two versions; there are seven manuscripts of each. Up to 1135 (the death of Henry I, line 9137 in Wright's edition of the longer version), the versions are 'broadly identical', 'but they then have wholly different continuations'. The longer version contains almost 3,000 more lines, is more detailed, and ends (in the least incomplete manuscript) in 1271. The shorter version only contains a further 592 lines, and ends in the 1280s. However, this shorter version adds about 800 lines earlier in the text, some of them deriving from Layamon's Brut. The manuscripts of the longer version are:

 * Cotton Caligula A. xi (s. xiv in.)
 * BL Add. MS. 19677 (s. xiv/xv) (with gaps partly filled by BL Add. 50848)
 * Harley 201 (s. xv1, breaking off at line 9259)
 * BL Add. 18631 (s. xv mid., abbreviated)
 * Glasgow, Hunterian V. 3. 13 (s. xvi mid.)
 * Balliol College, Oxford, 695.h.6: two binding fragments (s. xiv2)
 * College of Arms lviii (completed 1448, with prose and verse insertions)

The manuscripts of the shorter version are:

 * Trinity College, Cambridge R.4.26 (c. 1400)
 * Magdalene College, Cambridge, Pepys Library 2014 (s. xv in., defective)
 * Bodleian Library, Digby 205 (s. xv in.)
 * Huntington Library, HM. 126 (s. xv1)
 * London University Library 278 (s. xv mid.)
 * BL Sloane 2027 (s. xv mid, abbreviated)
 * Cambridge University Library Ee.4.31 (s. xv mid)

Relationship with the South English Legendary
The chronicle is similar to the South English Legendary (probably first composed c. 1270–85), and between them they comprise 'two huge monuments of later thirteenth-century literary activity' in England:

"The South English Legendary [...] and the historical chronicle that goes under the name of Robert of Gloucester, have long been known to be intimately related. They are written in the same septenary couplet metre, and are closely similar in dialect, vocabulary, phrasing, choice of rhyme words, overall narrative technique, and 'outlook': a Christian piety which places them on the side of the oppressed and suffering individual, and in opposition to corrupt and wicked lords of whatever estate. They also have numerous actual lines in common."

It has been argued that Robert, as well as being inspired by the South English Legendary, also revised a version of that text himself.

Historical reliability
The Chronicle was of considerable interest to contemporaries and antiquarian scholars. Although an early generation of antiquarians including Thomas Hearne found the chronicle interesting, its reputation later faded. Somewhat perversely, it was not until after the text was edited by William Aldis Wright that its neglect—"worthless as history" and "verse without one spark of poetry" according to its editor—became widespread.

Historically, the text is of interest primarily for materials relating to the Second Barons' War, to which the author (or an author of a portion of the text) seems to have been a witness. The first part of the Chronicle translates materials from Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia regum Britanniae, narrating fabulous British history. The majority of English/Anglo-Saxon history is compiled from the works of Henry of Huntingdon and William of Malmesbury, and the post-Conquest portions are translated from numerous sources densely interwoven with original text.

Editions

 * Wright, William Aldis ed., The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester. 2 vols. Rolls Series 86 (London, 1887), https://archive.org/details/metricalchronicl01robe; http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/AHB1378.0001.001?rgn=main;view=toc (the longer version of the chronicle)
 * An Anonymous Short English Metrical Chronicle, ed. by Ewald Zettl, Early English Text Society, o. s. 196 (London: Oxford University Press, 1935) (the shorter version of the chronicle)
 * *Thomas Hearne edition of Chronicle at Google Books

title: Robert of Gloucester (historian)


text:
Allan Grossman

Allan Grossman (December 25, 1910 – September 1, 1991) was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Canada, for 20 years, a provincial cabinet minister and the father of the late former leader of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, Larry Grossman. Together, the father and son represented the downtown Toronto, Ontario, riding of St. Andrew, and its successor St. Andrew—St. Patrick, for 32 consecutive years. Allan was also the second Jewish Canadian Cabinet minister in Ontario, after David Croll, and the first to be a Tory. He was also the first elected Canadian official to visit China.

Background
Grossman's father, Moishe, had left Russian occupied Poland in 1907. Two years later, Moishe Grossman brought his wife Sarah and their then six children to Canada. Allan Grossman was the seventh child and the first member of the family to be born in Canada.

At age sixteen Grossman and a handful of other boys formed the "Junior Conservative Association of Toronto". Probably the first Toronto political organization for youths, it was the beginning of the "Young Progressive Conservatives."

Political life
Grossman became a successful businessman and organized his fellow insurance agents into a union to fight the entry into Canada of an allegedly communist-dominated union from the United States. He was president of Allan Grossman Insurance Services Ltd.

In 1951, former Toronto mayor, Nathan Phillips, then an alderman, was vacating his council seat to run for mayor. He persuaded Grossman to run in his ward against the Labor-Progressive Party (as the Communists were known) candidate who had narrowly been defeated during the previous year's election. Grossman ran and defeated the Communist candidate by a margin of 131 votes. The following year he won by 2,000 votes and became the senior alderman and one of the founding members of the Metropolitan Toronto Council. He was re-elected alderman in the subsequent two annual elections.

In 1955, he ran provincially as the Progressive Conservative candidate against the Labor-Progressive Party incumbent J. B. Salsberg for the downtown Toronto riding of St. Andrew. Grossman won, defeating the last Communist in the Ontario legislature.

In 1960, Ontario Premier Leslie Frost appointed Grossman to the Cabinet as Minister Without Portfolio, becoming the first Jewish cabinet minister in Ontario since David Croll. Grossman went on to serve under Premier John Robarts as Chief Liquor Commissioner and Minister of Reform Institutions (now Correctional Services). During his nearly eight years as minister Grossman became renowned throughout North America and Europe for his innovative and progressive penal reforms. His leadership was recognized with numerous citations, and in 1971 the University of Ottawa bestowed upon him with an honorary doctorate in Criminology.

In 1971, Grossman was appointed by Robarts successor, Bill Davis. as Minister of Trade and Development, with additional responsibility for Housing. He led the first trade mission from the Western world to China.

Grossman became Minister of Revenue in 1972 and continued his responsibility for housing. He introduced Ontario's tax credit program to assist the elderly and low income families and eliminated much of the red tape that generally plagues a tax-collecting Ministry. In 1974, Grossman became the Provincial Secretary for Resources Development with overall policy responsibility for seven ministries.

Outside politics Grossman fought to help the Hungarian freedom fighters and their Canadian relatives; the citizens of Prague who cried for freedom during the Russian invasion; and, as President of the Jewish Immigrant Aid Service, he assisted homeless persons.

Fire rescue
While Grossman was campaigning for reelection in 1967, he saw a man whose clothes were on fire. The man had been working on his car and the clothes were greasy. He was saved when Grossman and a police constable used their coats to smother the flames.

After politics
After retiring from public life in 1975, Allan Grossman served as chairman of the Criminal Injuries Compensation Board (Canada) until 1984 and he worked on his son's campaigns for the Ontario PC leadership in 1985 and afterwards served as a volunteer advisor to Larry and the Ontario Tory caucus.

In 1985, a biography was published, Unlikely Tory: The Life and Politics of Allan Grossman by Peter Oliver ISBN 0-88619-049-5.

Death
Grossman died on September 1, 1991, of cancer in Toronto's Sunnybrook Health Center; he was 80 years old.

title: Allan Grossman


text: Category:Chess stubs

title: Category:Chess stubs


text:
Tania León

Tania León (born May 14, 1943) is a Cuban-born American composer of both large scale and chamber works. She is also renowned as a conductor, educator, and advisor to arts organizations.

Early years and education
She was born Tania Justina León in Havana, Cuba, of mixed French, Spanish, Chinese, African, and Cuban heritage. It was her grandmother who recognized that her granddaughter liked music because of the way she reacted to music on the radio. She began studying the piano at the age of four and she attended Carlos Alfredo Peyrellade Conservatory, where she earned a B.A. in 1963, and the Alejandro García Caturla Conservatory, where she studied piano with Zenaida Manfugás. Leon was one of an estimated 300,000 Cubans who left Cuba as a refugee on the so-called "Freedom Flights". In the spring of 1967 she left Cuba and settled in New York City, continuing her studies at New York University under the tutelage of Ursula Mamlok (B.S., 1971; M.S., 1975).

Career
In 1969, León became a founding member and the first musical director of Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem, establishing its music department, music school, and orchestra. Her ballet compositions for that company include Haiku (1973), Dougla (with Geoffrey Holder, 1974) and Belé (with Geoffrey Holder; 1981).

She instituted the Brooklyn Philharmonic Community Concert Series in 1977 and in 1994 co-founded the American Composers Orchestra Sonidos de las Americas Festivals as Latin American Music Advisor. From 1993 to 1997, she was New Music Advisor to Kurt Masur and the New York Philharmonic. She also served as Latin American Music Advisor to the American Composers Orchestra until 2001. In March 2001 her orchestral work Desde... was premiered by the American Composers Orchestra at Carnegie Hall.

She has been a guest conductor with the Beethovenhalle Orchestra, Bonn; the Gewandhausorchester, Leipzig; the Santa Cecilia Orchestra, Rome; the National Symphony Orchestra of South Africa, Johannesburg; the Netherlands Wind Ensemble, the Netherlands; and the New York Philharmonic, among others.

León's opera Scourge of Hyacinths, based on a radio play by Nobel Prize-winner Wole Soyinka, was commissioned in 1994 by the Munich Biennale, where it won the BMW Prize as best new opera. Staged and designed by Robert Wilson with León conducting, it has received over 22 performances in Germany, Switzerland, France and Mexico. The aria "Oh Yemanja" from Scourge was recorded by Dawn Upshaw on her Nonesuch CD The World So Wide.

León's composition Horizons, written for the NDR Symphony Orchestra of Hamburg, premiered at the July 1999 Hammoniale Festival, with Peter Ruzicka conducting. In August 2000, Horizons had its U.S. premiere at the Tanglewood Music Festival, with Stefan Asbury conducting. León conducted the work with the Orchestre Symphonique de Nancy (France) in March 2002.

Drummin', a full-length cross-cultural work for indigenous percussionists and orchestra, was commissioned and premiered in 1997 by Miami Light Project and the New World Symphony Orchestra. It opened the 1999 Hammoniale Festival in Hamburg.

In February 2019, the New York Philharmonic performed the world premiere of her composition Stride for orchestra.

León's recorded works include Batá, by the Foundation Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by David Snell and produced by Sir George Martin; Indígena, a collection of León's chamber music; Carabalí (and already Batá) on the Louisville Orchestra’s First Edition Records; Rituál, for solo piano, and her arrangement of Moises Simons' song "El Manisero" for Chanticleer.

Tania León used award-winning Cuban-American poet Carlos Pintado’s poems to create Rimas Tropicales with a World premiere in June 2011 by one of the world's most respected vocal ensembles: the 5 times Grammy Award-winning group the San Francisco Girls Chorus.

Awards, honors and recognition
In 1998, León was awarded the New York Governor's Lifetime Achievement Award. She has received honorary doctorates from Colgate University, Oberlin College, and Columbia University, and awards from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the National Endowment for the Arts, Chamber Music America, NYSCA, the Lila Wallace Reader's Digest Fund, ASCAP, the Koussevitzky Music Foundation, and Meet the Composer, among others. In 1998, she held the Fromm Residency at the American Academy in Rome.

León has also been a resident at Yaddo (supported by a MacArthur Foundation Award), and at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Bellagio Center in Italy. She has also been a Visiting Lecturer at Harvard University, Visiting Professor at Yale University and the Musikschule in Hamburg.

In 2000, she was named the Tow Distinguished Professor at the Conservatory of Music at Brooklyn College, where she has taught since 1985. Brooklyn College is one of the senior colleges of the City University of New York (CUNY), where she is also on the faculty of the CUNY Graduate Center, in Manhattan.

León has been the subject of profiles on ABC, CBS, CNN, PBS, Univision and independent films.

In 2010, her work was performed in Cuba for the first time at the second annual Leo Brouwer Festival of Chamber Music. In 2010 and 2012, she was nominated for a Latin Grammy Award for Best Classical Contemporary Composition. She is the only Cuban and Cuban-American musician ever to be nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Classical Composition (2013).

She won the 2021 Pulitzer Prize for Music for Stride, making her the first African-American woman composer to win the award.

In 2022, Tania was awarded a Kennedy Center Honor along with George Clooney, Amy Grant, Gladys Knight and the members of U2.

Chamber works

 * A la Par, piano and percussion
 * Ácana, chamber orchestra
 * Alma, flute and piano
 * Ascend, brass ensemble
 * Axon, violin and electronics
 * Bele, chamber orchestra
 * De Color, violin and marimba
 * De Memorias, woodwind quintet
 * Dougla, large mixed ensemble
 * Drummin', chamber orchestra
 * entre nos, clarinet, bassoon, piano
 * Escencia, string quartet
 * Ethos, piano and string quartet
 * Four Pieces for Cello, violoncello solo
 * Haiku, percussion ensemble, large mixed ensemble
 * Hechizos, chamber orchestra
 * Indigena, large mixed ensemble
 * Maggie Magalita, large mixed ensemble
 * Paisanos Semos!, guitar solo
 * Parajota Delate, mixed quintet
 * Permutation Seven, mixed sextet
 * Pet's Suite, flute and keyboard
 * Saoko, brass quintet
 * sin normas ajenas, large mixed ensemble
 * Son Sonora, flute and guitar
 * The Beloved, large mixed ensemble
 * The Golden Windows, large mixed ensemble
 * Tones, chamber orchestra
 * Toque, clarinet, alto sax, piano, percussionists, violin, and double bass

Orchestral works

 * Bata
 * Carabali
 * Concerto Criollo, piano, solo timpani and orchestra
 * Desde...
 * Horizons
 * Kabiosile, piano and orchestra
 * Para Viola y Orquesta, solo viola and orchestra
 * Stride (2019) for orchestra

Vocal works

 * Batey, vocal ensemble and instrumental ensemble
 * De-Orishas, vocal ensemble (6 to 12 singers)
 * Drume Negrita, mixed chorus
 * El Manisero, mixed chorus
 * Inura, mixed choir, strings, and percussion
 * Ivo, Ivo, high voice and ensemble
 * Journey, high voice and ensemble
 * Oh Yemanja (Mother's Prayer), medium voice and ensemble
 * Pueblo Mulato, high voice and ensemble
 * Reflections, soprano and mixed ensemble (text from poems by Rita Dove)
 * Rezos, mixed choir (text from Jamaica Kincaid)
 * Singin' Sepia, medium voice and ensemble (text from poems by Rita Dove)
 * Sol de Doce, vocal ensemble (6 to 12 singers),
 * To and Fro, medium voice

Solo piano

 * 2 Preludes (1966)
 * Momentum (1984)
 * Rituál (1987)
 * Mística (2003)
 * Variation (2004?)
 * La Tina (2004?)

Concert Band

 * Alegre (2003)

Opera

 * Scourge of Hyacinths

Films

 * 1993 – The Sensual Nature of Sound: 4 Composers – Laurie Anderson, Tania León, Meredith Monk, Pauline Oliveros. Directed by Michael Blackwood.

Interviews

 * The unplanned, unstoppable career of composer Tania León. Interviewed by Tom Huizenga, December 2, 2022.
 * The unplanned, unstoppable career of composer Tania León. Interviewed by Tom Huizenga, December 2, 2022.
 * The unplanned, unstoppable career of composer Tania León. Interviewed by Tom Huizenga, December 2, 2022.
 * The unplanned, unstoppable career of composer Tania León. Interviewed by Tom Huizenga, December 2, 2022.

title: Tania León