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Kon Tum

Kon Tum City is the capital city of Kon Tum Province in Vietnam. It is located inland in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam, near the borders of Laos and Cambodia.

Historically, this area has been inhabited by the indigenous Ba Na people, which led to the name Kon Tum, meaning "Village by the Lake" in the Ba Na language. Its unique location features flat and fertile land, enriched by the Dak Bla River, and a convergence of various ethnic groups over time. Among these, the Kinh people, hailing from provinces such as Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, and Binh Dinh, have settled here. In the years 1841-1850, French missionaries, en route to the Central Highlands, established the first Christian mission in this region. By 1893, the colonial French authorities established the Kon Tum administrative agency, headed by Father Vialleton, and from that point, the name Kon Tum became officially used. Subsequently, the provincial administrative unit adopted this name. Kon Tum City, once a sparsely populated and desolate area, has evolved into a hub for settlement, commerce, and governance throughout the province's rich history. Currently, Kon Tum City holds the status of City (Class-2).

Geography
Kon Tum City is situated in the southern part of Kon Tum Province, within a basin landscape at an elevation of approximately 525 meters above sea level. It is encircled by the Dak Bla River valley. The city is located 654 kilometers north of Ho Chi Minh City, 292 kilometers south of Da Nang, and 1,237 kilometers south of the capital Hanoi. Additionally, it is 50 kilometers from Pleiku and 229 kilometers from Buon Ma Thuot. Kon Tum City shares its geographical boundaries as follows:

 * To the east, it borders Kon Ray District.
 * To the west, it borders Sa Thay District.
 * To the south, it shares borders with Chu Pah District in Gia Lai Province.
 * To the north, it borders Dak Ha District.

The city covers an area of 433 square kilometers and had a population of 205,762 people in the year 2021, with a population density of 475 people per square kilometer.

In 2019, Kon Tum City had a land area of 432.98 square kilometers and a population of 168,264 people. Among these, 102,051 residents lived in urban areas, constituting 61% of the population, while 66,213 people resided in rural areas, making up the remaining 39%. The population density in the city was approximately 389 people per square kilometer.

Kon Tum City is home to 20 different ethnic groups living together.

Chu Hreng Mountain
Chu Hreng mountain range is located in the south of Kon Tum city with a total length of about 11km, the mountain direction runs in the Northwest - Southeast direction, starting from Kon K'Tu Village, Dak Ro Wa commune and ending. Ending at Sao Mai Pass, Hoa Binh commune, Kon Tum city, adjacent to Chu Pao mountain range in Ia Khui commune, Chu Pah district, Gia Lai province. Mostly along the top of the mountain range is the administrative boundary between Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces. Chu Hreng Mountain has the highest point equivalent to 1,152m above sea level.

History
After the People's Army of Vietnam invaded South Vietnam on March 30, 1972 during the Easter Offensive, two divisions attempted to capture Kon Tum, but failed. In March 1975, however, Kon Tum was overrun during the Ho Chi Minh Campaign and large numbers of refugees were forced to flee east to the south central coast.

Kon Tum has several vestiges of the French colonial period, as well as several tribal villages directly in the suburbs of the Vietnamese-reconstructed town. Among the town's landmarks, there is a Roman Catholic wooden church on discrete stilts and a large French-built seminary which hosts a small museum on local hill tribes. French missionary presence in Kon Tum traces back to 1851.

Climate
Kon Tum has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) with a wet season from April to November, a dry season from November to April, and consistently very warm-to-hot temperatures with high-to-oppressive humidity year-round.

title: Kon Tum


text:
Patrick Hepburn, 1st Lord Hailes

Sir Patrick Hepburn of Dunsyre, 1st Lord Hailes (died 1483) was the feudal lord of Hailes and its castle in East Lothian and a Lord of Parliament.

Family
Sir Patrick Hepburn was the son of Sir Adam Hepburn of Hailes, Knt. (d. 1446), by his spouse Janet (her 1st marriage), daughter of William Borthwick, 1st of Borthwick (d. 1414) of that Ilk. On 29 June 1444, he had a charter from William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, of certain lands in the lordship of Dunsyre, Lanarkshire, and was subsequently known by this designation until he became Lord Hailes. A charter dated 20 July 1456 mentions Patrick Hepburn Lord Hailes, and is witnessed by his brothers, William and George Hepburn.

With the Queen-Dowager
Before his father's death in 1446, he took possession of Dunbar Castle, without authority; Joan Beaufort, the Queen-Dowager, resided there for some time while he held it. But after her death there on 15 July 1445 he evacuated the place. On 19 December 1450 he had a charter of the lands of Little Lamberton, commonly called Sherfbygyn, in Berwickshire.

Inherits Hailes
On 20 December 1451 he had a Crown charter of the Lordship of Hailes and other lordships and lands, which his predecessors formerly held in heritage of the Earls of March, who again held them of the Crown in chief; also the lands of Prendergast and others in the sheriffdom of Berwick, with all rights in the lands formerly held by George II, Earl of March, and forfeited by him:- the whole erected into a free barony to be called the feudal barony of Hailes. Between October 1452 and June 1453 he was created a Lord of Parliament as Lord Hailes.

Borders affairs
Patrick was one of the conservators of truces with England in the years 1449, 1451-7 and 1459, was confirmed as Shire-reeve (Sheriff) of Berwickshire on 20 May 1452, and he or his namesake grandson was the last Scottish Keeper & Captain, for less than a year in 1482, of Berwick Castle.

Heirs
He married Ellen Wallace, the daughter of Thomas Wallace of Auchinbothy. They had six sons and three daughters. His grandson Patrick (who would become the first Earl of Bothwell), succeeded him as Lord of Hailes, as his eldest son Adam predeceased him. His son John established Saint Leonards College in Saint Andrews. His daughter, Helen Hepburn, married John Somerville, 3rd Lord Somerville, and had issue.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Patrick Hepburn, 1st Lord Hailes


text:
User:Commander Keane

I am a Wikipedian in Queensland, Australia. I am an admin here.

My nickname is derived from a combination of my name and the 1990s computer game Commander Keen, although I haven't played the game extensively.

Current activities

 * Working on Community feature requests

Wikipedia did you know...

 * ...that you can use google to search just the Wikipedia site. Eg, at Google just use " ".
 * ...that newcomers can place   on their talk page to get assistance. Questions can be anything to do with improving the encyclopedia (technical etc).
 * ...that many Wikipedians like to communicate via IRC chatrooms. You can try connecting to #wikipedia-en-help via this link
 * ...that at the bottom of a user's Special:Contributions page (eg) there are tools to view user rights, articles created and more.

To do list

 * Rearrange Channel Tunnel into chronological order
 * Write an article on the mining method Sublevel caving
 * Expand Seikan Tunnel, using the current sources, I wish a could find something new though
 * Category:Wikipedia_requested_photographs_in_Brisbane
 * Category:Unknown-importance Queensland articles

Editing help

 * Cite news common fields:
 * Putting refs in a block at the bottom of an article
 * Stub categories
 * A nice three column table at African Union
 * Wiktionary link:
 * #
 * removed excess wikilinks, please read Manual of Style (disambiguation pages)
 * Purge example
 * Maps for US places
 * Unsigned comment template:
 * Finding subpages, apart from Special:Allpages you can use Special:Prefixindex
 * Turning off sounds in Firefox: here
 * How to change fonts in Wikipedia: User:ACupOfCoffee
 * New page patrol
 * Block templates: Template:Uw-block
 * Block templates: Template:Uw-block

Quotes
"So much to do, so little time"

Disambiguation
See /Disambiguation.

Recognition

title: User:Commander Keane


text:
Poplar Grove National Cemetery

Poplar Grove National Cemetery is near Petersburg, Virginia, and is managed as part of Petersburg National Battlefield.

A Nation's Need
In July 1862, Congress passed legislation giving the President of the United States the authority to purchase land for the establishment of cemeteries "for the soldiers who shall die in the service of their country." This legislation effectively began the National Cemetery system.

A soldier's burial
At Petersburg, implementation of this system did not begin until 1866. During the Siege of Petersburg, Union soldiers who were killed in battle were hastily buried near where the fighting took place, some in single shallow pits, others in mass graves. Identification was as simple as a name carved on a wooden headboard, if there was time to leave even that. Most of these soldiers were not given a proper burial, save what their comrades could provide by saying a few words over them. Some units, like the IX Corps, had small cemeteries near their filled hospitals for soldiers who died while in their care.

A final resting place
In 1866, Lt. Colonel James Moore began his survey of the Petersburg area to locate land for a National Cemetery. Eventually, a farm just south of the city was chosen. This tract of land had been the campground for the 50th New York Volunteer Engineers. During the war they constructed a Gothic Revival pine-log church called Poplar Grove.

With the cemetery now established, work began to move approximately 5,000 Union soldiers from nearly 100 separate burial sites around Petersburg. Bodies were moved from nine Virginia counties, reaching as far west as Lynchburg, Virginia.

About 100 men comprised the "burial corps." With ten army wagons, forty mules, and twelve saddle horses, these men began their search and recovery mission. One observer noted, "a hundred men were deployed in a line a yard apart, each examining half a yard of ground on both sides as they proceeded. Thus was swept a space five hundred yards in breadth . . .In this manner the whole battlefield was to be searched. When a grave was found, the entire line halted until the teams came up and the body was removed. Many graves were marked with stakes, but some were to be discovered only by the disturbed appearance of the ground. Those bodies which had been buried in trenches were but little decomposed, while those buried singly in boxes, not much was left but bones and dust." Remains were placed in a plain wooden coffin; if there was a headboard, it was attached to it. The burial corps worked for three years until 1869. In that time they reinterred 6,718 remains, of which only 2,139 bodies were positively identified.

Much the same fate was suffered by the nearly 30,000 Confederate dead buried at Blandford Cemetery in Petersburg. Of them, only about 2,000 names are known.

"Where Valor Proudly Sleeps"
Places like Poplar Grove National Cemetery reflect the tragedy that befell the United States during the Civil War. Each simple headstone is a poignant reminder of the human cost of war. In 1933 responsibility of the cemetery was transferred from the War Department to the National Park Service (NPS). Poplar Grove is one of fourteen National Cemeteries administered by the NPS. It is closed for burials, but visitors are invited to walk the grounds, which are open daily.

Medal of Honor recipients
Two Union Army Medal of Honor recipients are buried at Popular Grove. They are Sergeant Lewis R. Morgan (1836–1864) of the 4th Ohio Infantry and Private Henry M. Hardenbergh (1843–1864) of the 39th Illinois Infantry.

title: Poplar Grove National Cemetery


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Talk:Delegated legislation in the United Kingdom

Acts of the Scotish Parliament
Are laws made under the Scotland Act 1998 delegated or primary? Morwen - Talk 14:54, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Interesting question; I don't know.... I suppose the statutory instruments made per European Communities Act 1972 are definitely delegated rather than primary.  More types of UK legislations are at . – Kaihsu 18:40, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

I think Acts of the Scottish Parliament are considered primary and Scottish Statutory Instruments secondary. The National Assembly of Wales can only make Statutory Instruments, which are considered secondary. – Kaihsu 16:19, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

identical to text on another site
This article is identical to an article found at http://www.answers.com/topic/delegated-legislation. I don't know which came first tough.
 * Thanks for the warning, but it was Answers.com that has copied from this article. They are fully within their rights to do this as articles on Wikipedia are released under the GNU Free Documentation License. If you take another look at the answers.com article, you will notice a box at the bottom of the page which credits Wikipedia as the source. Thanks again for letting us know though, as improper use of copyrighted material is a problem on Wikipedia and your vigilance is appreciated. Road Wizard 18:28, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Just realized something
I just realized that we have two separate families of articles that need to be crosslinked. It looks like as if delegated legislation is the term used in UK law for what Americans call administrative law. --Coolcaesar 02:39, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

This is also a crossover with 'statutory instruments' so this article should probably be merged.

Redundancy
The same advantages and disadvantages are repeated several times in this article. 81.174.226.229 15:23, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Major rewrite
Because the previous version contained quite a lot of duplication, and wasn't very well structured, I've done a complete rewrite. Dmvward (talk) 12:45, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

type of delegated legislation bye laws
--124.82.148.217 (talk) 05:29, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

Types of delegated legislation?
Is Statutory Instruments not a type of delegated legislation? --Ingramhk (talk) 11:39, 22 August 2008 (UTC)
 * As stated in the article "Most delegated legislation is required (by the parent Act) to be made using a Statutory Instrument."
 * Orders-in-Council, Orders, Regulations, Rules and perhaps some of the other listed types are all made as Statutory Instruments in Great Britain, with Statutory Rules serving the same purpose as Statutory Instruments in Northern Ireland. Some Scottish secondary legislation is published under the banner of "Acts of Sederunt". Road Wizard (talk) 17:24, 22 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank You. Should this be made clear in the article that Orders-in-Council, orders, regulation, etc are types of Statutory Instrument? --Ingramhk (talk) 12:30, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Possibly. The problem is that "most" of the legislation is released as Statutory Instruments or Statutory Rules. I am not familiar enough with each of the different types to point out the exceptions. (I have removed "Acts of Sederunt" from my earlier comment as they appear to be released under the Scottish Statutory Instrument series.) Road Wizard (talk) 12:44, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
 * As Road Wizard says, the difficulty is that it is "most" but not "all". I have copied across from the Statutory Instrument (UK) article a couple of examples with references where delegated legislation is not required to be made by SI. Dmvward (talk) 12:35, 26 August 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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Azteca horse

The Azteca is a horse breed from Mexico, with a subtype, called the "American Azteca", found in the United States. They are well-muscled horses that may be of any solid color, and the American Azteca may also have Paint coloration. Aztecas are known to compete in many western riding and some English riding disciplines. The Mexican registry for the original Azteca and the United States registries for the American Azteca have registration rules that vary in several key aspects, including ancestral bloodlines and requirements for physical inspections. The Azteca was first developed in Mexico in 1972, from a blend of Andalusian, American Quarter Horse and Mexican Criollo bloodlines. From there, they spread to the United States, where American Paint Horse blood was added.

Breed characteristics
The three foundation breeds of the Azteca are the Andalusian (defined by the Mexican registry as either Pura Raza Española or Lusitano), American Quarter Horse, and Mexican Criollo or Criollo militar. They were chosen to produce a breed that combined athletic ability with a good temperament and certain physical characteristics. Azteca stallions and geldings measure between at the withers, while mares stand between. The ideal height is. Both sexes usually weigh from 1000 to 1200 lbs. The facial profile of the breed is straight or convex and the neck slightly arched. Overall, they are well-muscled horses, with broad croup and chest, as well as long, sloping shoulders. Gaits are free and mobile, with natural collection derived from the Andalusian ancestry of the breed. The breed is found in all solid colors, although gray is most often seen. White markings are allowed on the face and lower legs by breed associations. The American Azteca registry also allows non-solid pinto coloration.

Registration
According to the breed standard of the Mexican registry, Azteca horses cannot have more than 75 percent of their parentage from any one of the foundation breeds (Andalusian, Quarter Horse and Mexican Criollo); Criollo blood may be no more than 50%, and only from unregistered mares within Mexico. Horses are classified in one of six registration categories, designated with letters A through F, depending on their parentage. Only certain crosses between the different classes are permitted. In Mexico, Azteca horses must conform to a strict phenotype standard established by the Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA), the Mexican agriculture ministry, which requires inspection of foals at seven months for the issue of a "birth certificate"; a foal that does not meet the breed standards may be denied registration even if both parents are registered Aztecas approved for breeding. Full registration and approval for breeding are subject to a second and more detailed inspection at age three or more, and granted only to those horses that fully satisfy the requirements of the standard.

In the American Azteca registry, horses with American Paint Horse (APHA) breeding are also allowed. However, horses with more than 25 percent Thoroughbred blood in their pedigrees (common in many Paints and Quarter Horses) within four generations cannot be registered. American Aztecas have four categories of registration based on the relative degree of blood from each foundation breed, seeking an ideal blend of 3/8 Quarter Horse and 5/8 Andalusian. Unlike their Mexican counterparts, they do not have to go through physical inspections before being registered.

History
The Azteca was first bred in 1972 as a horse for charros, the traditional horsemen of Mexico. Antonio Ariza Cañadilla, along with others, was instrumental in the creation of the Azteca horse as the national horse of Mexico and with its official recognition by the Mexican Department of Agriculture on November 4, 1982. Ariza used imported Andalusians, crossed with Quarter Horses and Criollos and began to breed the foundation horses of the Azteca breed at Rancho San Antonio near Texcoco, Mexico. Early in the Azteca's history, breeders realized the need for a unified breeding program in order to produce horses that met the required characteristics. The Azteca Horse Research Center was created at Lake Texcoco, and in partnership with breeders developed the phenotype of the breed today. The first official Azteca was a stallion named Casarejo, who was a cross between an Andalusian stallion named Ocultado and a Quarter Horse mare named Americana. He was foaled at the Centro de Reproduccion Caballar Domecq in 1972.

The Associacion Mexicana de Criadores de Caballos de Raza Azteca, or Mexican Breeders Association for the Azteca Horse, is the original breed registry and still maintains the international registry. The International Azteca Horse Association and its regional affiliates was formed in 1992. The majority of Aztecas are found in Mexico, and the Mexican association had registered between 10,000 and 15,000 horses as of 2005, according to the Texas Department of Agriculture. The Mexican registry adds approximately 1,000 horses per year.

The Azteca Horse Registry of America was formed in 1989 for registering the US portion of the breed, followed by the Azteca Horse Owners Association in 1996 as an owners association. This registry has slightly different registration and breeding rules, and is not approved by the Mexican government to register Azteca horses. The American registry, now called the American Azteca Horse International Association, allows the use of American Paint horses, which are essentially Quarter Horses with pinto coloration, if they have less than 25 percent Thoroughbred breeding. However, the US registry does not incorporate Criollo bloodlines. The Mexican registry allows only the blood of Quarter Horses, Andalusians and Criollos in its registered Aztecas.

Uses
Because of the breeds that make up the Azteca, they are known for their athleticism. They have been seen in competition in western riding events such as reining, cutting, team penning and roping, as well as English riding events such as dressage and other events such as polo and bullfighting. They are also used for pleasure riding.

title: Azteca horse


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User talk:Squallwc

Re: my photo uploads
Hi. All of the photos and images that I've listed on User:Slambo/Gallery are images that I created, so I am the copyright holder on them. I guess I missed putting the CC tag on Image:110-1063 IMG.JPG, thanks for adding it. slambo 14:56, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * okay. no problem. Squallwc 14:57, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Squallwc --- What code do I use if I took the photo myself and I want to give Wikipedia use of the photo? Nearly all of the photos I've uploaded are ones I took with my own camera. Thanks! --John Hamer 18:39, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * There are a few choices. "Permission is given for use on Wikipedia only, and does not include third parties" license is what you want I think, but it is General non-free licenses which is not allowed. I suggest you use Creative Commons Licenses or release it to Public Domain. The tags is at image copyright tag. Paste the tag of the license you choose to the image page. Or tell me and I apply the license for you. :) Squallwc 05:59, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Squallwc


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ankita Bhambri

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 12:54, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Ankita Bhambri
Not notable. This tennis player appears to only play on her national tennis circuit and is not ranked by the World Tennis Association Allen3 14:56, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 23:20, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Tennis players need to be WTA ranked at a reasonably high level for inclusion - preferably at least one singles title as well. Average Earthman 00:37, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - she's played in two WTA tournaments (the Hyderabad Open, twice) and lost in the first round each time. Vote stands as before.Average Earthman 00:42, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep. She does seem to be in the news. But the article can be recreated when she's more notable. -- Brhaspati 05:36, 2005 Feb 20 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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HomeRF

HomeRF was a wireless networking specification for home devices. It was developed in 1998 by the Home Radio Frequency Working Group, a consortium of mobile wireless companies that included Proxim Wireless, Intel, Siemens AG, Motorola, Philips and more than 100 other companies.

The group was disbanded in January 2003, after other wireless networks became accessible to home users and Microsoft began including support for them in its Windows operating systems. As a result, HomeRF fell into obsolescence.

Description
Initially called Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) and later just HomeRF, this open specification allowed PCs, peripherals, cordless phones and other consumer devices to share and communicate voice and data in and around the home without the complication and expense of running new wires. HomeRF combined several wireless technologies in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, including IEEE 802.11 FH (the frequency-hopping version of wireless data networking) and DECT (the most prevalent digital cordless telephony standard in the world) to meet the unique home networking requirements for security, quality of service (QoS) and interference immunity—issues that still plagued Wi-Fi (802.11b and g).

HomeRF used frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and in theory could achieve a maximum of 10 Mbit/s throughput; its nodes could travel within a 50-meter range of a wireless access point while remaining connected to the personal area network (PAN). Several standards and working groups focused on wireless networking technology in radio frequency (RF). Other standards include the popular IEEE 802.11 family, IEEE 802.16, and Bluetooth.

Proxim Wireless was the only supplier of HomeRF chipsets, and since Proxim also made end products, other manufacturers complained that they had to buy components from their competitor. The fact that our group didn't address that conflict led to the eventual downfall of HomeRF, which occurred during an economic recession when companies already struggled to justify duplicate engineering and marketing efforts - for HomeRF, 802.11 and Bluetooth. The fact that HomeRF was developed by a consortium and not an official standards body also put it at a disadvantage against Wi-Fi and its IEEE 802.11 standard.

AT&T joined the group because HomeRF was designed for high-speed broadband services and the need to support PCs, phones, stereos and televisions; but last-mile deployment occurred more slowly than expected and with slower speeds. So it was natural that the home networking market focused more on multi-PC households sharing Internet connections for email and browsing than on integrating phone and entertainment services into a broadband service bundle. As a result, the original promoter companies gradually started pulling out of the group rather than supporting multiple standards. They included IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Compaq, Microsoft, and lastly Intel. That left only companies like Motorola, National Semiconductor, Proxim, and Siemens. Even Proxim started pulling away when negative media surrounding HomeRF started affecting its core data networking business, and that left Siemens to do the work of integrating voice, data and video. Siemens was willing to do it alone with HomeRF technology but was concerned by growing uncertainties in the cordless phone market, including mobile phone as home phone, VoIP over Wi-Fi, and 5 GHz vs. 2.4 GHz. When Siemens eventually got out of the cordless phone market, it was the final nail in the HomeRF coffin.

HomeRF received some success because of its low cost and ease of installation. By September 2000, some confusion came from the "home" in the name, leading some to associate HomeRF with home networks, using other technologies such as IEEE 802.11b for businesses. A digital media receiver for audio was marketed under the name "Motorola SimpleFi" that used HomeRF. In March 2001, Intel announced they would not support further development of HomeRF technology for its Anypoint line. The group promoting 802.11 technology, the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA) changed their name to the Wi-Fi Alliance in 2002, as the Wi-Fi brand became popular.

The fact that WECA members lobbied the FCC for two years, which was effective in delaying the approval of wideband frequency-hopping, helped 802.11b catch up and gain an insurmountable lead in the market, which was then extended with 802.11g. The use of OFDM in 802.11a and .11g solved many of the RF interference problems of .11b. WPA and 802.11x also improved security over WEP encryption, which was especially important in the corporate world.

By January 2003 the Home Radio Frequency Working Group had disbanded. Archives of the HomeRF Working Group are maintained by Palo Wireless and Wayne Caswell.

White Papers

 * Home Networking Technologies - This basic (May 2001) white paper introduces the home networking market and applications and compares various technologies, including wired, no-new-wires, and wireless.
 * Wireless Networking Choices for the Broadband Internet Home - This (2001) technical white paper examines three candidate wireless networking standards, HomeRF, Bluetooth and IEEE802.11, against the needs of service providers and consumers for the Broadband Internet home. The clear choice for this specific application based upon technical merit is shown here to be HomeRF. Only HomeRF provides simultaneous support for up to 8 toll-quality voice connections, 8 prioritized streaming media sessions and multiple Internet and network resource connections at Broadband speeds. And HomeRF accomplishes this with excellent comparative ratings for low cost, small size, low power consumption, interference immunity, security and support for high network density.
 * HomeRFOverview & Market Positioning - (white paper) In an effort to preserve HomeRF information, this paper from Eamon Myers was extracted from PaloWireless.com just before the domain name was sold and its contents removed.
 * A Comparison of Security in HomeRF versus IEEE 802.11b (2001) - Though the possibility of attacks similar to those leveled at 802.11b systems exist in theory for HomeRF systems, the relative level of difficulty is very different. HomeRF is stronger in preventing unauthorized access due to its frequency hopping technology and since attempts are not enabled by commercially available equipment.
 * Interference Immunity of 2.4 GHz Wireless LANs (2001) - Of the three major technologies available for this band, only HomeRF is designed with a frequency agile physical layer and robust upper layer protocols to combat 2.4 GHz interference. This is what makes HomeRF the ideal wireless LAN technology for the home environment.
 * Quality of Service in the Home Networking Model (2001) - The market for home networking will soon see rapid growth. In addition to traditional data networking, this market will be driven by the desire of consumers to have access to multimedia audio, video, and gaming services. The Quality of Service (QoS) requirements these demands have put on home networking technologies has led to new standardization activities designed to deliver the QoS consumers will demand. In this paper we discuss the many ways in which QoS can be delivered, and then focus on the specific attributes of the HomeRF standard that enable it to deliver high QoS voice and multimedia services over a wireless home networking infrastructure.
 * A Vision of Next Generation Home Phone Systems (2001) - This paper describes the role of HomeRF, mobile phones, and VoIP over broadband and portrays a vision that combines them all.
 * HomeRF: Designed for Homes & Ideal for Teleworkers (2001) - This article from NetworkWorld compares HomeRF and WiFi for home and remote work applications.
 * HomeRF: Wireless Networking for the Connected Home (2000) - This technical article from IEEE Personal Communications describes how theWorking Group was formed and the "vision" for the SWAP protocol, which includes the ability to add new functionality by blending previously separate applications for voice, data, and entertainment.

title: HomeRF


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John Hepburn (prior)

John Hepburn (died after 20 July 1525) was a Scottish cleric. The son of Patrick Hepburn, 1st Lord of Hailes, he was Prior of Saint Andrews. He established St. Leonard's College at the University of St. Andrews in 1512. In around 1520 he funded the reconstruction of the town walls of St. Andrews.

He also briefly held the ward of Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell his great nephew. His relation Patrick Hepburn (not to be confused with the Earl) succeeded him in the priory in 1525. [John Dowden Bishops of Scotland, Glasgow 1912) This Patrick Hepburn also gained the young Earl's ward his relative John's death [Ssots Peerage]

He was elected as Archbishop of St. Andrews but his appointment was turned down by the Pope.

title: John Hepburn (prior)


text:
User talk:Thejack

Welcome!
Hi Thejack, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 15:00, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:BOUA-bio.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:BOUA-bio.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Longhair 07:26, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thejack


text:
User talk:Romihaitza

Please use my Romanian Talk page for quick answer. You may write in English, of course (I'll won't be upset if it is in Romanian :p)

 * The Political compass test interprets me as:
 * Economic Left/Right: 1.00
 * Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: -0.56
 * The Nolan chart test gives a more comprehensive explanation:
 * Centrist
 * Personal: 60%
 * Economic: 70%

Welcome!
Hi Romihaitza, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 15:00, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!
for this warm welcome. For now, please use my Romanian talk page for quick answer. Thanks again!

 * PS> I will not be so active here at English Wikipedia. I use more the Romanian Wikipedia account but if I have what to add and where, i certainly will :-)

Our forum
Welcome to the Romanian Wikipedia notice board! This page is a portal for all Romanian-related topics and a place for Romanian editors to gather and socialize and debate. Discussions are encouraged, in both English and Romanian. Post any inquiry under their relevant cathegory.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Romanian_Wikipedian%27s_notice_board

--Anittas 19:46, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Alexander for Admin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship/Alexander_007 ,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship#Alexander_007. I've nominated User:Alexander_007 as admin. Let's vote for him! -- Bonaparte  talk  &  contribs  20:13, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Barnstar
Multumesc, ce pot sa zic mai mult :D. Mihai -talk 21:07, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

ro:Discuţie Utilizator:Romihaitza

Hi there!
I merely wanted to tell you taht I've taken note of your request, as you may see on my user page. Please, just gimme a couple of days, and you'll have a new user page up and ready. Just in case, do you have any sort of preferences regarding color, and such? In case you do, just let me know - otherwise, I'll try and do my best. Cheers! - Phædriel ♥ tell me - 02:25, 30 January 2006 (UTC

Request for edit summary
When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labelled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this: The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See m:Help:Edit summary for full information on this feature. When you leave the edit summary blank, some of your edits could be mistaken for vandalism and may be reverted, so please always briefly summarize your edits, especially when you are making subtle but important changes, like changing dates or numbers. Thank you.

 * Multam, multam. :) Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 03:20, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Romanians
Salut. Te-am contactat pt avem serioase probleme la articolul wikipedian despre Romanians. Dupa cum vezi, user-ii Jayig si administratorul SlimVirgin au pus cele mai joase cifre posibile. Cand am incercat sa intervin, punand numerele adevarate, am fost blocat pt "vanadalism", asa trebuie ca toti wikipedistii Romani sa facem ceva. Daca vrei sa te alaturi, da-mi un email sau scrie pe pagina Romanians. Numai bine, NorbertArthur 2 Aprilie 2006

Vino la pagina de discutii Transnistria
În 17 septembrie va fi referendum în Transnistria legat de independenţa regiunii. Cu această ocazie probabil multă lume va căuta pe Wikipedia informaţii despre Transnistria. Am încercat să adaug în articol nişte informaţii legate de acest referendum, anume:

- faptul că mai multe organizaţii antiseparatiste au lansat un apel la boicotare, considerînd referendumul "farsă"

- faptul că din 46 de ţări membre ale Consiliului Europei, 45 sînt împotriva recunoaşterii referendumului, numai RUsia are altă părere

- faptul că datele Comisiei Electorale Centrale din Tiraspol au fost schimbate în mod ciudat, anume numărul total de alegători s-a micşorat cu 7% faţă de 2005, ceea ce ridică suspiciuni asupra unei încercări de creştere artificială a prezenţei la vot prin raportarea unui număr mai mic de alegători înregistraţi.

Totdeauna am dat lincurile care dovedesc cele scrise de mine, n-am născocit nimic din burtă.

Userul Willian Mauco, care pare fan Tiraspol, mereu mi-a şters adăugirile. (vezi istoria paginii)

Puteţi vedea la pagina de discuţii Transnistria ce argumente a adus. Anume: ăia care cer boicotarea referendumului din Transnistria sînt foşti KGB-işti, că aşa zice o organizaţie rusească de analiză (a dat un linc pentru asta). Întîi a spus că respectivii nici nu sînt din Transnistria, ci doar din Basarabia, dar i-am dovedit că unii dintre semnatarii apelului la boicot sînt transnistreni. Am fost împăciuitor, i-am zis că n-are decît să adauge părerea organizaţiei ruseşti că antiseparatiştii sînt foşti KGBişti, că n-are decît să-i considere pe cei care vor boicotarea referendumului drept băieţi răi, dar faptul în sine, că s-a cerut boicotarea referendumului, trebuie menţionat. Degeaba, mereu mi s-au şters adăugirile - pentru celelalte 2 fapte nici n-a adus argumente.

A mai fost o adăugire care a şters-o, despre arestarea a 4 persoane din Transnistria care sînt împotriva separatismului (între timp li s-a dat drumul). În cazul ăsta am renunţat eu să mai insist pentru includerea informaţiei în articol (deşi informaţia e incontestabilă), tocmai fiindcă n-am vrut să mă cert prea mult.

În perioada asta cînd agenţiile de ştiri vor menţiona referendumul de la Tiraspol, se va citi articolul Transnistria în Wikipedia poate mai mult decît într-un an întreg. De aia acum e nevoie să existe în articol informaţii despre contestarea corectitudinii referendumului. Nu cer să se menţioneze ca adevăr absolut faptul că referendumul e incorect, ci doar că există unii (OSCE, 45 din 46 ţări ale Consiliului Europei, unele organizaţii din zonă şi din Basarabia) care consideră asta. Vă cer de aceea sprijinul ca să interveniţi pe pagina de discuţii Transnistria pentru a susţine rămînerea informaţiei în pagină şi să repuneţi informaţia atunci cînd Mauco o şterge (eu nu pot să verific chiar 24 de ore din 24). Evitaţi atacurile suburbane, păstraţi ton civilizat. mulţumesc.

Who is William Mauco Here is an article about a Wikipedia celebrity, William Mauco, and his relations with the International Council for Democratic Institutions and State Sovereignty (ICDISS), an organisation "which seems to be a front organisation for a Kremlin-backed rogue statelet called Transdniestria" (quote from the article) http://0.bypass-filter.com/index.php?q=aHR0cDovL2Vkd2FyZGx1Y2FzLmJsb2dzcG90LmNvbS8yMDA2LzA4L2dvdGNoYS0yLmh0bWw%3D

Edward Lucas wrote about Mauco: "The other lead is William Mauco. He has an extensive record of posting intelligent and fairly neutral entries on Wikipedia, not only about TD but about other unrecognised statelets. Crucially, these predate ICDISS's birthday of January 2006. And he also claims to have been at their conference in Mexico City in April of this year. I have written to him asking to get in touch, and had a friendly email in reply. I am planning to follow up this research in an article in European Voice at the end of August, so watch this space!"--MariusM 08:40, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Votează contra ştergerii articolului Heaven of Transnistria
Împreună cu EvilAlex (un tip din Tighina - Transnistria) am creat un articol despre propaganda separatistă a Tiraspolului Heaven of Transnistria. I s-a cerut ştergerea. Te rog ajută-ne să păstrăm articolul, votînd contra ştergerii. Destul s-a şters din articolul principal Transnistria, Wikipedia e plină de propagandă a Tiraspolului, să avem măcar un articol care explică această propagandă--MariusM 18:47, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank you very much for giving ur support as nominating me as an admin and approving me as an administrator on Dhivehi (dv:Wikipedia) Wikipedia. Thanks...! --Glacious 14:24, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

Hey WP:RPA, you don't block IP ranges indefinitely
(Personal attack-laden rant removed.) Switch the range block back to normal. Zyoghae 03:30, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Yiddish wiki unblock
You have unblocked this user here. On what basis and whos decision was that? He violated 3RR here, and was warned about it here, and it was noted in the block log here Please respond, thank you --Shmaltz 00:01, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Image:Baramidze Giorgi.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Baramidze Giorgi.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. — Nv8200p talk 02:43, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Romanian Wikinews
Please take a look at http://ro.wikinews.org/wiki/Categorie:Articole_de_şters. It looks like there are no more active administrators on the Romanian Wikinews and we would really need one. Razvan Socol (talk) 16:28, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

WikiProject Dacia
Bună! I've been working to set up the WikiProject Dacia to organize better the articles about Dacia and improve their quality. We need help expanding and reviewing many articles, and we also need more images. Maybe you find it interesting and wish to join. Thanks and best regards! --Codrin.B (talk) 22:17, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

WikiProject Romania
--Codrin.B (talk) 04:44, 21 January 2012 (UTC)

rowiki, bot necesar
Salut, pe rowiki e nevoie de creare masiva a categoriilor cu un bot. Deci trebuie create categorii pentru desființări dup an, începând cu anul 0 până în 2020. Cele cu dezmembrări create de tine mai demult nu-s chiar bune căci nu toate desființările sunt dezmembări, însă absolut toate dezmembrările sunt de facto și desființări. Deci te-aș ruga să le creezi pe astea cu desființări. Sau dacă nu te mai implici în proiect, măcar codul/sursa dă-mi-o și m-oi apuca eu :) XXN (talk) 23:28, 25 October 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Romihaitza


text:
John Nelson (physician)

John C. Nelson is a physician who served as president of the American Medical Association.

Tenure as president
While president of the American Medical Association in 2005, he was quoted supporting New York Medical College's decision to ban a gay student group. The college is affiliated with New York's Roman Catholic archdiocese. He later said his remarks were misrepresented. The AMA officially came out against the ban.

Following Nelson's comments, the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association requested a meeting with the AMA leadership regarding his comments and the NYMC decision. According to the AMA, Nelson apologized for his comments and gave his support for addressing issues important to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (GLBT) physicians. The AMA agreed to include LGBT health in its Commission to End Health Care Disparities, which had previously focused on race and ethnicity.

Nelson was succeeded as AMA president by Edward Hill.

In 2008, Nelson was appointed to the Whole Child Committee for the national children's charity Operation Kids.

title: John Nelson (physician)


text:
Talk:Poplar Grove National Cemetery

Text of the article was obtained from public domain site. Darwinek 15:00, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Poplar Grove National Cemetery


text:
Fetoscopy

Fetoscopy is an endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow surgical access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta. A small (3–4 mm) incision is made in the abdomen, and an endoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus into the amniotic cavity. Fetoscopy allows for medical interventions such as a biopsy (tissue sample) or a laser occlusion of abnormal blood vessels (such as chorioangioma) or the treatment of spina bifida.

Fetoscopy is usually performed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. The procedure can place the fetus at increased risk of adverse outcomes, including fetal loss or preterm delivery, so the risks and benefits must be carefully weighed in order to protect the health of the mother and fetus(es). The procedure is typically performed in an operating room by an obstetrician-gynecologist.

History
In 1945, Björn Westin published a study which documented his use of a panendoscope to directly observe embryos. In 1966, Agüero et al. published a study which used hysteroscopy to observe various features of the fetus, cervix, and uterus. In 1972, Carlo Valenti of the SUNY Downstate Medical Center recorded a technique which he called "endoamnioscopy", which allowed for direct visualization of the developing fetus. Gallinat made the first attempt to standardize these techniques in 1978.

Because of the invasiveness of these procedures and the high risk they posed to the fetus, they were largely discarded in favor of transvaginal sonography until the 1990s. By that time, smaller instruments had been developed which reduced the risk to the fetus and provided a better visual for the physician. This in turn allowed for the development of techniques for surgical interventions such as biopsy. By 1993, authors such as Cullen, Ghirardini, and Reece had referred to this technique as "fetoscopy".

The field of minimally-invasive surgical fetoscopy has continued to develop since the 2000s. Physicians such as Michael Belfort and Ruben Quintero have used the technique to remove tumors and correct spina bifida on fetuses within the uterus.

Non-surgical fetoscopes
Fetoscopy is a surgical procedure which may involve the use of a fibreoptic device called a fetoscope. Some confusion may arise from the use of specialized forms of stethoscopes, including Pinard horns and Doppler wands, to audibly monitor fetal heart rate (FHR). These audio diagnostic tools are also called "fetoscopes" but are not related to visual fetoscopy.

title: Fetoscopy


text:
Hyacinth (Bichurin)

Nikita Yakovlevich Bichurin (Никита Яковлевич Бичурин; 29 August 1777 – 11 May 1853), better known under his archimandrite monastic name Hyacinth, sometimes Joacinth or Iakinf, was one of the founding fathers of Russian Sinology. He translated many works from Chinese into Russian, which were then translated into other European languages.

Biography
Bichurin was born in Akulevo to a Russian half-Chuvash priest named Iakov and Russian mother Akulina Stepanova. He studied at a church choir school in Sviiazhsk and later at the Kazan Theological Seminary. He also studied Latin, Greek and French and his abilities were noticed by Archbishop Amvrosij Podobedov of the Russian Orthodox Church. He taught in Kazan Theological Seminary from 1799 and was anointed a monk in 1800 with the name of Iakinf or Hyacinth and tonsured, sent to promote Christianity in Beijing, where he spent the next 14 years. The genuine objects of his interest were Chinese history and language. He was forthwith accused of lacking religious zeal, and when he appeared in Irkutsk with his lover Natalia Petrova, some of his students reported him. Complaints over other behaviours considered inappropriate for a priest kept coming. After several changes in the Russian orthodox mission, the Synod declared Bichurin guilty on 4 September 1823, stripped him of his archimandrite monk rank and incarcerated him for life in the Valaam Monastery. Here he translated a number of ancient and medieval Chinese manuscripts, which had previously been unknown in Europe. In succeeding decades he published many volumes on Chinese and Mongolian history, geography, religion (including pioneering the study of Chinese Islam), statistics, and agriculture. After the death of Tsar Alexander I and the rise of Nikolai I in 1825, some of Bichurin's friends helped obtain a royal pardon. They also suggested a position for him as an interpreter in the Foreign Ministry. Bichurin then moved to take up a position in St Petersburg. He was elected as a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences in 1828 and also became an emeritus librarian at the Petersburg Public Library. In the same year he published a "Description of Tibet in the Modern Age". He continued to clash with the church authorities and refused promotions. Tsar Nikolai I intervened in 1832 and forbade him from refusing promotions and ordered him to live in the Alexander Nevskii monastery.

It was Bichurin who came up with the idea for the name East Turkestan to replace the term "Chinese Turkestan" in 1829. In 1835, he was awarded the Demidov Prize.

In 1837 he opened the first Chinese-language school in the Russian Empire in Kyakhta which helped improve trade between Russia and China. One of his students was Mikhail Shevelev, a tea trader and shipping entrepreneur. For his sinological contributions, he was elected to the Russian, German, and French Academies of Sciences.

title: Hyacinth (Bichurin)


text: User talk:168.190.200.38

title: User talk:168.190.200.38


text:
User talk:GSXR750

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Longhair 15:04, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:GSXR750


text:
Joan Cadden

Joan Cadden (born August 17, 1941 ) is a beautician and former politician from Maryland.

She was a Democratic member of the Maryland House of Delegates in District 31 from 1991 to 2007. Cadden was a member of the Anne Arundel County Board of Education from 1988 to 1990.

Cadden lost re-election in 2006.

Personal life
Cadden was born in Baltimore in 1941. From 1967 to 1969, Cadden attended Marinello Comer School of Cosmetology. She was the owner and operator of her own cosmetology business. She is married and has four children.

Cadden currently resides in Brooklyn Park, Maryland.

Legislative notes

 * Voted for slots in 2005 (HB1361)

Election results

 * 2006 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – 31st District
 * Voters to choose three:
 * {| class="wikitable"

!Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome
 * Steve Schuh, Rep.
 * 19,049
 * 18.4%
 * Won
 * Nicholaus R. Kipke, Rep.
 * 18,150
 * 17.5%
 * Won
 * Donald H. Dwyer, Jr., Rep.
 * 17,558
 * 17.0%
 * Won
 * Thomas J. Fleckenstein, Dem.
 * 16,654
 * 16.1%
 * Lost
 * Craig A. Reynolds, Dem.
 * 14,454
 * 14.0%
 * Lost
 * Joan Cadden, Dem.
 * 17,533
 * 16.9%
 * Lost
 * Other Write-Ins
 * 75
 * 0.1%
 * }
 * 14.0%
 * Lost
 * Joan Cadden, Dem.
 * 17,533
 * 16.9%
 * Lost
 * Other Write-Ins
 * 75
 * 0.1%
 * }
 * 75
 * 0.1%
 * }
 * }
 * }

 * 2002 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – District 31
 * Voters to choose three:
 * {| class="wikitable"

!Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome
 * John R. Leopold, Rep.
 * 24,937
 * 24.31%
 * Won
 * Joan Cadden, Dem.
 * 16,906
 * 16.48%
 * Won
 * Donald Dwyer, Jr., Rep.
 * 16,807
 * 16.39%
 * Won
 * Thomas R. Gardner, Rep.
 * 15,321
 * 14.94%
 * Lost
 * Mary Rosso, Dem.
 * 15,127
 * 14.75%
 * Lost
 * Thomas J. Fleckenstein, Dem.
 * 13,404
 * 13.07%
 * Lost
 * }
 * Mary Rosso, Dem.
 * 15,127
 * 14.75%
 * Lost
 * Thomas J. Fleckenstein, Dem.
 * 13,404
 * 13.07%
 * Lost
 * }
 * 13.07%
 * Lost
 * }
 * }

 * 1998 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – District 31
 * Voters to choose three:
 * {| class="wikitable"

!Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome
 * John R. Leopold, Rep.
 * 21,632
 * 23%
 * Won
 * Joan Cadden, Dem.
 * 19,214
 * 20%
 * Won
 * Mary Rosso, Dem.
 * 15,372
 * 16%
 * Won
 * Victoria L. Schade, Rep.
 * 15,366
 * 16%
 * Lost
 * Robert Schaeffer, Rep.
 * 12,092
 * 14%
 * Lost
 * Thomas J. Fleckenstein, Dem.
 * 11,862
 * 12%
 * Lost
 * }
 * Robert Schaeffer, Rep.
 * 12,092
 * 14%
 * Lost
 * Thomas J. Fleckenstein, Dem.
 * 11,862
 * 12%
 * Lost
 * }
 * 12%
 * Lost
 * }
 * }

 * 1994 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – District 31
 * Voters to choose three:
 * {| class="wikitable"

!Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome
 * John R. Leopold, Rep.
 * 19,960
 * 24%
 * Won
 * Joan Cadden, Dem.
 * 16,492
 * 20%
 * Won
 * Victoria L. Schade, Rep.
 * 14,801
 * 18%
 * Won
 * W. Ray Huff, Dem.
 * 14,203
 * 17%
 * Lost
 * C. Stokes Kolodziejski, Dem.
 * 13,176
 * 16%
 * Lost
 * Douglas Arnold, Rep.
 * 3,586
 * 4%
 * Lost
 * }
 * C. Stokes Kolodziejski, Dem.
 * 13,176
 * 16%
 * Lost
 * Douglas Arnold, Rep.
 * 3,586
 * 4%
 * Lost
 * }
 * 4%
 * Lost
 * }
 * }

title: Joan Cadden


text: File:Poplarchrch.jpg

title: File:Poplarchrch.jpg


text:
Proposed bans of LGBT-themed books in the United States

Proposed bans of LGBTQ-themed books in the United States.

Florida
In September 1996, a local chapter of the national Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) created a display in the West Hernando/Staffordene T. Foggia branch library. The branch is part of the Hernando County Florida Library System.

Authors such as Alexander the Great, Gertrude Stein, and Walt Whitman were among the gay and lesbian authors that were included in the display. Books by the authors and red ribbons were displayed, along with a poster detailing the contributions of the authors to literature.

The community quickly responded. Hernando county offices and the library system received phone calls and letters. Responses were both positive and negative.

Assistant County Attorney Bill Buztrey informed county commissioners that removing the display could be considered a violation of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. This would leave the county open to a lawsuit.

Laurel Solomon was the Library Services Director at that time. She issued a written statements that going forward, all displays would be "created and sponsored by the library itself... to promote library-related activities."

County commissioners stated that this would protect them from "the potential of nonsanctioned radical groups such as Nazis" from creating their own displays.

The Florida Library Association awarded Buztrey and two other county staff members with the Intellectual Freedom Award for invoking the First Amendment.

Many community members felt the library was de facto censorship. Local columnist Jan Gildewell wrote that the policy "indicates to me that reception of intellectual freedom awards is no guarantee of continued freedom--or intellect."

Alabama
Republican lawmaker Gerald Allen proposed Alabama House Bill 30 (HB30), which would have banned public school libraries from purchasing books by gay authors or with gay characters. The bill did not become law.

Arkansas
A proposed ban in Arkansas would have barred any representation of gay and lesbian people in schools, libraries, and state-funded universities. It passed the state's lower house, but a tie vote in the state senate's Education Committee failed to bring it to the state senate floor.

Oklahoma
State Rep. Sally Kern, a Republican from Oklahoma City, supported House Resolution 1039, which would have required Oklahoma libraries to "confine homosexually themed books and other age-inappropriate material to areas exclusively for adult access and distribution." The bill also required that no public funds be used in "the distribution of such materials to children." The bill passed in the house but not the senate.

Books challenged for LGBTQ content
Organized by year(s) challenged

2008

 * And Tango Makes Three, by Justin Richardson and Peter Parnell
 * The Perks of Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky
 * Uncle Bobby's Wedding, by Sarah S. Brannen

2009

 * And Tango Makes Three, by Peter Parnell and Justin Richardson
 * The Perks of Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky
 * My Sister's Keeper, by Jodi Picoult

2010

 * And Tango Makes Three, by Peter Parnell and Justin Richardson
 * Revolutionary Voices, edited by Amy Sonnie

2012

 * The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini
 * And Tango Makes Three, by Peter Parnell and Justin Richardson

2013

 * The Perks of Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky

2014

 * And Tango Makes Three, Justin Richardson and Peter Parnell
 * The Perks of Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky

2015

 * I Am Jazz, by Jessica Herthel and Jazz Jennings
 * Beyond Magenta: Transgender Teens Speak Out, by Susan Kuklin
 * Two Boys Kissing, by David Levithan

2016

 * I Am Jazz, by Jessica Herthel and Jazz Jennings
 * Beyond Magenta: Transgender Teens Speak Out, by Susan Kuklin
 * Fun Home, by Alison Bechdel
 * Two Boys Kissing, by David Levithan
 * This One Summer, written by Mariko Tamaki and illustrated by Jillian Tamaki
 * Drama, written and illustrated by Raina Telgemeier

2017

 * Drama, written and illustrated by Raina Telgemeier
 * Melissa, by Alex Gino
 * And Tango Makes Three, by Peter Parnell, Justin Richardson and illustrated by Henry Cole
 * This One Summer, by Mariko Tamaki and illustrated by Jillian Tamaki

2018

 * A Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo, by Jill Twiss and illustrated by Gerald Kelly
 * This Day in June, by Gayle E. Pitman and illustrated by Kristyna Litten

2019

 * Prince & Knight, by Daniel Haack and illustrated by Steve Lewis


text:
LPGA of Japan Tour

The LPGA of Japan Tour is a professional golf tour for women organised by the Japan Ladies Professional Golfers' Association. It is the second richest women's golf tour in the world. The U.S.-based LPGA Tour is the most important women's tour, but the prize money gap has closed markedly since the American tour's total prize fund peaked at just over $60 million in 2008. While the Japan Tour is the second-most lucrative women's tour, two other non-U.S. tours, the Ladies European Tour and the LPGA of Korea Tour, rival the Japan Tour in level of competition.

Schedule
The 2024 schedule includes 37 events played in Japan.

title: LPGA of Japan Tour


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thomas Bukowski

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 16:18, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thomas Bukowski
This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Vanity. Popularity in campus should not justify as an article itself on Wikipedia. - Mailer Diablo 15:08, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * And it's not even established that he was popular on campus :) Deletel Radiant! 15:42, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Pretty close to speedy. --Lee Hunter 17:59, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity! Lady Tenar 21:40, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete "He decided to move to Norway.. Cause the inventors of OPERA was from Norway" is not notable. Zzyzx11 23:42, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text: File:Burial poplar.jpg

title: File:Burial poplar.jpg


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Eau de vie

An eau de vie (French for spirit, lit. 'water of life') is a clear, colourless fruit brandy that is produced by means of fermentation and double distillation. The fruit flavor is typically very light.

In English-speaking countries, eau de vie refers to a distilled beverage made from fruit other than grapes. Similar terms may be local translations or may specify the fruit used to produce it. Although eau de vie is a French term, similar beverages are produced in other countries (e.g., German Schnaps, Greek ούζο, Turkish rakı, Balkan rakia, Romanian țuică, Czech and Slovak pálenka, Hungarian pálinka, and Sri Lankan coconut arrack). In French, however, eau de vie is a generic term for distilled spirits. The proper French term for fruit brandy is eau-de-vie de fruit, while eau-de-vie de vin means wine spirit (brandy), and several further categories of spirits (distilled from grape pomace, lees of wine, beer, cereals, etc.) are also legally defined as eau-de-vie in a similar fashion. Many eaux de vie made from fruits, wine, pomace, or rye have a protected designation of origin within the European Union.

Fruit spirit
Traditional fruit spirits are made with ripe fruit that is fermented, distilled, and quickly bottled to preserve the freshness and aroma of the parent fruit. Eaux de vie are typically not aged in wooden casks, hence they are clear. Although this is the usual practice, some distillers age their products before bottling.

Geist
Some fruits, such as raspberries, rowanberries, rosehips, and sloes, do not contain adequate sugars for fermenting. Instead, the spirits are produced by macerating fruit in neutral grain spirits for some time before distilling. The legal term used for these spirits within the European Union is Geist, meaning "spirit" in German. Geist can also be produced with vegetables, nuts, herbs, and other plant materials such as rose petals, mushrooms or pumpkin seeds.

Varieties
Most commonly available flavors in France are eau de vie de poire (pear, known as eau de vie de Poire Williams when made from the Williams pear), eau de vie de framboise (raspberries), eau de vie de pomme (apple), eau de vie de mirabelle (mirabelle plum), and eau de vie de pêche (peach). When made from pomace, it is called pomace brandy or marc. While most eaux de vie from the Alpine regions of Europe only rest very briefly in glass containers, others are aged in wooden casks before bottling. Thus, calvados, an apple-based spirit from northwestern France, is required by law to spend at least two years in wood, and most producers also offer much older products to the market (up to 20 years or more). Some slivovitz are also aged in wooden casks, giving them their golden or amber color and some additional flavors. Romanian țuică bătrână is aged in casks made from mulberry wood, which impart a pale brown color.

In the Caribbean, eaux-de-vie are made from tropical fruits such as banana, ambarella, guava, mango, pineapple, and sapodilla.

The term can also refer to maple eau de vie, made from maple syrup.

Acerum is a Canadian eau de vie made in Quebec from maple syrup.

Serving
An eau de vie is usually served as a digestif. The typical serving size is 30 to 60 ml, owing to the high alcohol content of the spirit and because it is typically drunk after a meal during which wine, or some other alcoholic beverage, has already been served.

Sometimes, also is used in traditional recipes of the French cuisine, for deglazing, instead of – or together with – the usual white wine.

Eaux de vie should be served cold.

title: Eau de vie


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Crick Boat Show

The Crick Boat Show & Waterways Festival is an event that has been held annually at Crick Marina in Northamptonshire, England, since its inception in 2000.

Location
The show takes place every year on the Grand Union Canal at Crick Marina. This is located on the Leicester Line, to the north of Crick Tunnel, on the level section of canal between the tops of the Watford flight and the Foxton flight. The site is close to junction 18 on the M1, and the event has traditionally taken place on the last bank holiday weekend in May.

Facilities
The show was first held in 2000, when it was organised by British Waterways, and has been held every year since then. Responsibility for its organisation was passed to Waterways World Magazine in 2011, where it has remained ever since in partnership with the Canal & River Trust and Crick Marina.

The event is the focal point of the inland boating calendar and provides the opportunity for boat-builders and sellers to promote new and second-hand boats to visitors considering buying a boat. Every conceivable type of product and service for canal boats is represented by the exhibitors, ranging from equipment to finance and insurance. In a dedicated lecture theatre, a series of free seminars are held throughout the event, covering such topics as boat maintenance, living afloat and boat-buying on a budget.

Free boat-trips along the Grand Union Canal are provided – but must be booked upon arrival at the show – and boat-handling courses are available for an additional fee.

The event is also billed as a 'Waterways Festival', with continuous live music, a large beer festival (organised by The Wheatsheaf public house from the local village) with up to 40 real ales, food and crafts stalls and a range of children's activities broadening its appeal. The live music has included headline performances by recording artists such as Toyah Wilcox (2014), Hazel O’Connor (2015) and Tom Robinson (2016). But also features well-known tribute acts such as T-Rextasy (2017) and Abba Revival (2018).

The 2017 show was attended by 27,000-plus people and included around 40 'boats on show' among nearly 200 exhibitors.

Favourite Boat in Show Award
A well established tradition of the event is the 'Favourite Boat in Show' award, which is voted for by show visitors and presented to the winner on the Monday. The visitors' choice for the most admired narrowboat in 2019 was Two Hoots by Boating Leisure Services. The widebeam that attracted the most votes is 70ft Brigantine by Finesse Boats.

Previous winners are as follows:

2018
 * Narrowboat: Braidbar Boats Elizabeth Ann a 66ft 6in traditional style hybrid boat.
 * Widebeam: Burscough Boats What's The Hurry

2017
 * Narrowboat: Bourne Boat Builders Threpence Ha’Penny
 * Widebeam: Elton Moss Boatbuilders Kingsley

2016
 * Boating Leisure Services Silver Melody: a 58 ft semi-trad narrowboat with a bright interior.

2015
 * Boating Leisure Services Columbus: a 60 ft Josher tug-style traditional narrowboat with an oak interior.

2014
 * Boating Leisure Services Shackleton: a 58 ft semi-trad narrowboat contrasting a fairly traditional exterior with a bright modern interior.

2013
 * Navigations Narrowboats Emily: a 58 ft tug-style narrowboat with a Tyler Wilson shell.

2012
 * MGM Boats Snail’s Pace: a 58 ft cruiser-stern, reverse layout narrowboat that had been custom built for its owners.

2011
 * William Piper Narrowboats Barolo 59ft semi-trad narrowboat with a Tim Tyler shell.

2007
 * Braidbar Boats Braidbar 100

2000
 * Braidbar Boats Rhiannon

title: Crick Boat Show


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BreconRidge

The name BreconRidge was based on the practice of founder Terry Matthews to name companies after geographic entities, especially those connected to his childhood home in the Marches area on the border of Wales and England. BreconRidge was derived from the Brecon Beacons range of mountains in Wales, and from the seed company Ridgeway Research Corporation.

Ownership Status
Acquired/Merged

On May 28, 2010, BreconRidge Corporation, based in Ottawa, Ontario, was acquired by California's Sanmina-SCI (NASDAQ: SANM), a top provider of electronics manufacturing services. The acquisition, worth $53 million, aims to enhance Sanmina-SCI's RF/microwave and micro/opto-electronic capabilities by integrating BreconRidge's advanced design and engineering team along with their cutting-edge manufacturing operations. Fasken Martineau advised BreconRidge and its board during the sale, with a team led by Brian McIntomny and including Bob Chapman, Charles Lynch (securities, corporate/M&A), Anthony Baldanza, Mark Magro (competition), and student-at-law Jason Tsoukas.

title: BreconRidge


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Richard Devine

Richard Devine is an Atlanta-based electronic musician and sound designer. He is recognized for producing a layered and heavily processed sound, combining influences from glitch music to old and modern electronic music. Devine largely records for the Miami-based Schematic Records, which was founded by Josh Kay of Phoenecia. He has also done extensive recording and sample work with Josh Kay under the name DEVSND. As a result of praise of his music from Autechre as well as a remix of Aphex Twin's "Come to Daddy", Devine recorded an album for Warp Records which was jointly released by Schematic and Warp.

Devine first started using computers for composition around 1993. Don Hassler, an instructor at the Atlanta College of Art, got him interested in computer synthesis, introducing Devine to Csound and other powerful computer-based applications. Devine coded his own FFT applications in SuperCollider, an environment and programming language for real-time audio synthesis. He would create SynthDefs using numerous unit and envelope generators, implement exponential ranges of frequential values (micro-tones) and utilize multichannel expansion. He would also use PBinds to modulate these synths to precise rhythmic patterns. “It's interesting, because you're doing things to sound that just aren't physically possible.” Devine possesses a plethora of digital audio workstations, gear, and numerous other instruments. This may have been an aid to achieving his peculiar, idiosyncratic sound, and implementing such sophisticated components and layers.

Devine also uses Native Instruments (NI) software and has used Propellerhead ReBirth RB-338 and Reason. His favorite NI applications are Reaktor and Absynth. Devine has designed sound patches for Propellerhead's Reason, NI’s Absynth, Reaktor, Battery and Massive, along with providing sound patches to Moog Music's award-winning Animoog app. As a sound designer, he collaborated with electronic musician BT in the film Look. He has also scored commercials for Nike, Touchstone Pictures and engineered and performed his own music worldwide.

Though he has contributed sound design to a number of hardware and software manufacturers, he recently released his first official sample library through Sony Creative Software entitled "The Electronic Music Manuscript: A Richard Devine Collection".

Discography

 * Sculpt (1995) (Tape)
 * Richard Coleman Devine EP (1997) (Schematic SCH005 12")
 * Lipswitch (2000) (Schematic/Warp SCH015/WAP139 LP CD)
 * Aleamapper (2001) (Schematic SCH019 LP CD)
 * Asect:Dsect (2003) (Schematic SCH023 LP CD)
 * Cautella (2005) (Sublight SLR601 CD)
 * RISP (2012) (Detroit Underground)
 * Sort\Lave (2018) (Timesig)
 * Systik (2020) (BLK_Noise)

title: Richard Devine


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User talk:Joaobambu

My name is Joao Paulo Freire Paglione, aka Joaobambu.

I have studied, researched, worked, and traveled passionately about bamboo for the past 5 years. Now, I am blogging about it and plan on contributing to Wikipedia, from my knowledge and all the books I have written.

Thank you!

title: User talk:Joaobambu


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MKC Networks

MKC Networks was a privately owned supplier of VoIP (Voice over IP) equipment and software components headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It designed and sold a family of SIP-based products including advanced SIP Enterprise Application Servers and scalable communication platforms.

MKC Networks bought certain SIP intellectual property in 2003 from a company called Mitel Knowledge. Mitel Knowledge was created to hold the intellectual property of Mitel Networks. Through some internal exploratory R&D work, it evolved into a supplier of SIP-based equipment.

The intellectual property of Mitel Networks was returned to that company's ownership in 2003.

MKC Networks was acquired by NewHeights Software on September 1, 2006. In 2007, NewHeights was acquired by CounterPath Corporation.

title: MKC Networks


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Talk:Judah ha-Nasi

Untitled
It's not appropriate to call jewish rabbis by their private names (Judah haNasi or just Judah). The common and right form is saying Rabbi Judah haNasi.

He is referred to as Yehuda Ha-Nasi without the apprended Rabbi in the Jewish world as a matter of course. After all, Nasi is a greater honorific than Rabbi. This isn't just contemporary practice. The honorific rabbi is frequently omitted in rabbinic and Talmudic literature when "Nasi" is used as well. He is also referred to simply as "Rebi" and "Rabbeinu HaKodesh." We need not pile lesser titles onto greater ones. Nasi is more than sufficient.

Jesus?!
I don't know, maybe this is just a really crazy coincidence, but I've seen Jesus' name in the Hebrew (one version) translate as "Yeshua Ha-Nasi (or Ha-Notsri/Ha-Nozri/Ha-Nosri)", so

Yeshua Ha-Nosri

Judah haNasi

Also, "Yeshua" is an old form of "Joshua". If anyone can tell me if I'm really wrong, and it's just a really weird coincidence (probably is, but...), please tell me. I'm at WAS 03:24, 6 January 2006 (UTC).

Jesus is mentioned as Yeshua Ha-Nostri in the surreal novel 'The Master and Margherita' by Mikhail Bulgarkov, written in the 1930s.

 * There's no connection, coincidental or otherwise. "ha-Nasi" means "the prince", so it could be applied to any number of individuals. Jesus' appellation "ha-Nosri" (really, "ha-Notzri") means simply "from Nazareth". the two phrases don't sound particularly similar in Hebrew . Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 16:18, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

Judah = Yehudah

Nasi= President
Nasi in modern Hebrew (and perhaps in Mishnaic Hebrew, possibly even in Biblical Hebrew) means "President." Das Baz, aka Erudil 20:14, 9 January 2009 (UTC)

Bulgakov and Margarita
The name is Mikhail Bulgakov and his great novel is The Master and Margarita. "Bulgarkov" and "Margherita" are misspellings. Das Baz, aka Erudil 20:14, 9 January 2009 (UTC)

Nas\Notsri
Nasi means, leader or prince and Notsri means chirstian, in Hebrew. Im not would sure what your aims are with this comparison. Of these two very differnet historical figures, who lived one hundred years apart from one another. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.114.91.226 (talk) 08:52, 15 April 2010 (UTC)

As a native speaker of Hebrew, I'm sure that Nasi means "leader" in Mishnaic and Biblical Hebrew and so does sometimes in modern Hebrew. But in modern Hebrew it means most of the times "president" (and not "prince" in old and modern Hebrew; Nasikh means prince).

Nosri (pronounced in Hebrew and should be transliterated "Notsri") means in modern Hebrew "christian" because Jesus was called that, but the original meaning in his time's Hebrew was "from Nazareth". מתיא (talk) 19:35, 23 August 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Vegaswikian (talk) 19:09, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

Judah ha-Nasi → Judah the Prince — per MOS - english usage. Chesdovi (talk) 16:55, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's policy on article titles.

. Chesdovi (talk) 18:07, 7 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Support, per Naming conventions (use English):
 * Weak oppose. Is it "most common", or merely "most anglicized"? We use Shimon bar Yochai, not Simon son of Yochai; we use Maimonides, not Moses son of Maimon, or even Rabbi Mosheh ben Maimon, because it is what English speakers usually use, although it is neither English nor Hebrew, but Greek. Searches suggest that they are about equally frequent in the whole corpus of English, and my recollection of reliable sources is that Judah ha-Nasi is the standard form. Evidence welcome. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 20:11, 7 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Most other "Shimons" are currently "Simeon". Bar/ben is used instead of "son" becuase that's common usage. I can tell you that English Jewish speakers are more likely to use "Yehudah ha-nasi", not "Judah". Chesdovi (talk) 17:14, 8 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Why then are you not proposing moving it to Yehudah ha-nasi? DMacks (talk) 09:33, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Weak Support, - I appreciate Chesdovi listing this, and I'm strongly in favour of WP:EN, but am constrained in pushing it too far here as this is a personal name, not a bland noun like the move I have proposed from covenant of Kehuna to priestly covenant. Taking WP:RS first, it's very finely balanced. Google books isn't as good a benchmark as JSTOR or one of the Athens searches but I don't have Athens access at the moment, and Google books, if read with one eyebrow raised, is often good enough.
 * ∞ Judah the Prince 8,680 including Naomi E. Pasachoff, Robert J. Littman - 2005 A concise history of the Jewish people p99, and most of the texts of Jacob Neusner. I'm guessing most of these hits refer to the 1st Judah the Prince more than later Judah ha-Nasi II III IV.
 * ∞ Judah the Nasi 307 - surprisingly low
 * ∞ Judah ben Simeon ben Gamaliel - only 2, not surprising, as a bit of a mouthful
 * ∞ Judah haNasi 2,560 - some overlap with below, due to Google search oddities
 * ∞ Judah ha-Nasi 8,220 - somewhat inflated by quotations of Primary Sources of course, in the same books some of them also have "Judah the Prince". But most don't, per The New Jewish encyclopedia p251 1976
 * ∞ And The Cambridge History of Judaism seems to yo-yo between the "ha Nasi" and "the Prince" in different volumes slightly more to Prince, but also Nasi eg.: The late Roman-Rabbinic period p49 William David Davies, Louis Finkelstein, Steven T. Katz - 2006 "And rabbinic literature has in fact little to say about patriarchs before Rabbi Judah Ha-Nasi, who probably lived around 200"
 * ∞ There's also the issue that while "nasi" did mean prince, it's one of those words (like kohen) where the meaning travelled a little, to the point where nasi was used for presidents of the Sanhedrin, and other bodies in modern Israel. We wouldn't amglicize Rabbi Judah Ha-Cohen, the author of Sefer Ha-Dinim, to "Judah the Priest" because beyond Tabernacle-Second Temple context the meaning of kohen/priest has shifted. On the other hand Judah the Prince does have a real easy-to-understand ring to it which is in keeping with his friendship with Antoninus and literally "princely" status. So if there was ever a case for "ha Nasi" being "the Prince", this would be it... In ictu oculi (talk) 13:52, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The page/wikipedia would benefit from using a single name
Other pages use Judah HaNasi. This one should adopt a consistent name and, if different from the others, the others should also be changed. (I'm not suggesting that alternative names should not be referenced, only that the main body should use one name.) Jsolinsky (talk) 17:57, 25 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I know, I know...I don't have time either, but--
 * Information.svg Thank you for your suggestion. When you believe an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link at the top. The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills.  New contributors are always welcome. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to). 71.87.23.22 (talk) 17:09, 20 August 2013 (UTC)

Wrong picture of catacomb facade
The one in the picture is the so-called "Cave of the Coffins", not far from R. Judah's and with a very similar facade, but distinct from that one. Replace picture if you have access to the correct one. ArmindenArminden (talk) 20:58, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 18 October 2017

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved to Judah ha-Nasi TonyBallioni (talk) 03:42, 26 October 2017 (UTC)

Judah the Prince → Yehuda HaNasi – See below --geageaTalk 02:48, 18 October 2017 (UTC) What kind of name is this to a Rabbi? "Judah the Prince"? he was not a prince, He was a very important rabbi. In Hebrew the name of the article is: "רבי יהודה הנשיא" -> Rabbi Yehuda Hanassi. See the name on the sign: The cave of rabbi Yehuda Hanassi. Hanay (talk) 01:37, 18 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I support the rename. See his name in all the entries of VIAF her (VIAF:97441015) and her (VIAF:5736140). Non of them speaking about prince. See also all the differt name in BNF. --geageaTalk 02:34, 18 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I prefer Rabbi Yehuda HaNassi Hanay (talk) 07:01, 18 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Don't support the rename - although "Nasi" is not necessarily a prince, Google finds far more entries for "Judah the Prince" than for Yehuda Hanasi. Also, there are so many variations to the transliteration of יהודה הנשיא in English, such as Yehudah Hanasi, Yehuda HaNassi etc., that it would be difficult to come to a concensus about which spelling to choose for the title. Far more convenient to keep the accepted English translation and have redirects from the possible Hebrew transliterations. 238-Gdn (talk) 11:57, 18 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Also, see "requested move" discussion above. 238-Gdn (talk) 12:05, 18 October 2017 (UTC)
 * See the English encyclopædia Britannica: Judah ha-Nasi. --geageaTalk 22:36, 18 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Also it can be mixed up with Judah (Jewish Prince) - jewishencyclopedia.com who was a real prince. --geageaTalk 22:46, 18 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Rabbi Yehudah HaNassi is called "The Nassi" because he was the Nasi (Hebrew title) of the Sanhedrin. He was its Head - no royalty there. Just as it says in the article Nasi (Hebrew title) in the chapter "Second Temple period": "the nasi was the highest-ranking member and president of the Sanhedrin". The Rabbi's title should consort with the title of the Sanhedrin's Head. Liadmalone (talk) 21:49, 19 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Move back to Judah ha-Nasi, which was the previous title of this article and as noted above is good enough for Britannica. Jenks24 (talk) 10:14, 25 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Support move back to Judah ha-Nasi per .--Cúchullain t/ c 14:32, 25 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment: I note that this reverses the of 2011 above. Why has consensus changed, I wonder? Andrewa (talk) 23:07, 25 October 2017 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Youth
Ambiguous pronoun. This run-on sentence needs improvement:
 * In his youth he had close relations with most of the great students of Akiba; and as their student and in converse with other prominent men who gathered about his father at Usha and later at Shefar'am, he laid the foundations of that wide scholarship which enabled him to undertake his life-work, the redaction of the Mishnah.

In the above, I can't tell if "their" is an anaphoric pronoun referring to "the great students of Akiba" or if it is a cataphoric pronoun referring to the prominent men who gathered around his father. Replacing this with two or three declarative sentences would improve readability. Also, there is no reference that I can refer to to help understand with whom Judah ha-Nasi studied. — Preceding unsigned comment added by A.T.S. in Texas (talk • contribs) 00:50, 26 December 2020 (UTC)
 * The style as is looks to me pretty old and stale anyhow, so I'd say go ahead and improve the whole paragraph as you suggest. As for the missing source about "the great students of Akiba," it would have to be found somewhere. Maybe starting from the Rabbi Akiva page something about the subject could be found. I will also move this new section to the bottom of the page, where it should have been put to begin with. Thank you, warshy (¥¥) 01:02, 26 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the encouragement. After reading further into the article, I realized that much of what the original writer was trying to say is referenced in the next section pertaining to Judah ha-Nasi's teachers ("His teachers"). The final paragraph of "Youth" serves as an introduction to the list of teachers, so I simply cleaned up the paragraph to make it more readable and a better transition to the next section. A.T.S. in Texas (talk) 06:29, 27 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks for investing some work on it. It is certainly better than it was. If you see other opportunities for improvement, feel free to try your hand at it. I will be seeing your edits, and I will comment on them if I have enough time. Thanks, warshy (¥¥) 19:24, 27 December 2020 (UTC)

Founder of religion?
I removed the category tag "Founder of religion" because there is no evidence that I know of that Judah ha-Nasi founded a new religion. Happy to be corrected if anyone has evidence to support that cagetory tag. Commontater (talk) 03:59, 17 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Judah ha-Nasi


text: User talk:70.56.255.249

title: User talk:70.56.255.249


text:
Ferdinand von Richthofen

Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen (5 May 1833 – 6 October 1905), better known in English as Baron von Richthofen, was a German traveller, geographer, and scientist. He is noted for coining the terms "Seidenstraße" and "Seidenstraßen" = "Silk Road(s)" or "Silk Route(s)" in 1877. He also standardized the practices of chorography and chorology. He was an uncle of the World War I flying ace Manfred von Richthofen, best known as the "Red Baron".

Biography
Ferdinand von Richthofen was born in Pokój, at that time called Carlsruhe in Prussian Silesia. He was educated in the Roman Catholic Gymnasium in Breslau.

He studied Medicine at the University of Breslau and at the Humboldt University of Berlin. He traveled or studied in the Alps of Tyrol and the Carpathians in Transylvania.

In 1860, he joined the Eulenburg Expedition, a Prussian expedition which visited Ceylon, Japan, Taiwan, Celebes, Java, the Philippines, Siam, Burma between 1860 and 1862. No important work resulted from these travels, for much of Richthofen's records and collections was lost. China was at the time inaccessible owing to the Taiping rebellion, but Richthofen was impressed with the desirability of exploring it. From 1862 to 1868, he worked as a geologist in the United States, discovering goldfields in California. He then followed up his interest in China by several more trips there, and also to Japan, Burma, and Java. In China he located the dried-up lake bed of Lopnur.

He published his geographical, geological, economic, and ethnological findings in three volumes with an atlas, which, however, did not cover the entire field or complete the author's plan. This work appeared at Berlin in 1877-85 under the title of China: Ergebnisse eigener Reisen und darauf gegründeter Studien. In this standard work, the author deals not only with geology but with every subject necessary to a general geographical treatise. Notably he paid close attention to the economic resources of the country he traversed. He also wrote a valuable series of letters to the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, and first drew attention to the importance of the coalfields of Shandong, and of Kiaochow as a port.

In 1875, he was appointed professor of geology at the University of Bonn, but being fully occupied with his work in China he did not take up professorial duties until 1879. In 1883, he became professor of geography at the University of Leipzig, and professor of geography at the Friedrich Wilhelm University of Berlin in 1886. He occupied the latter position until his death. His lectures attracted numerous students who subsequently became eminent in geographical work, and in order to keep in touch with them he established his weekly geographical “colloquium.” Among his most famous students was Sven Hedin, the Swedish explorer. He served as president of the German Geographical Society for many years and founded the Berlin Hydrographical Institute.

He is noted for coining the terms "Seidenstraße" and "Seidenstraßen" = "Silk Road(s)" or "Silk Route(s)" in 1877. He also standardized the practices of chorography and chorology.

He died in 1905 in Berlin and was entombed in the family mausoleum at the Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery.

Anecdotes
When William Gill consulted him about a planned trip to China, he remarked: Hour after hour he gave up his valuable time to me, and opened volumes from his rich store of information. … Baron von Richthofen possesses in a remarkable manner the faculty of gathering up the details presented to his view; putting them together and generalising on them with rare judgement; forming out of what would be to a lesser genius, but scattered and unintelligible fragments, a uniform and comprehensive whole … not one hint was given me that did not subsequently prove its value; his kind thoughts for my comfort and amusement were never ceasing, and his refined and cultivated intellect and genial manner rendered the recollections of my stay in the German capital some of the most pleasant of my life.

The mountain range on the southern edge of the Hexi Corridor in western China was named Richthofen Range after him, although the modern name is now Qilian Mountains. The 12940 ft. Mount Richthofen in Rocky Mountain National Park is also named after him.

In German

 * “Die Kalkalpen von Vorarlberg und Nordtirol” in Jahrbuch der geologischen Reichsanstalt; 1859–1861
 * “Die Metallproduktion Kaliforniens” in Petermanns Mitteilungen; 1865
 * China, Ergebnisse eigner Reisen und darauf gegründeter Studien (China: The results of my travels and the studies based thereon), 1877–1912, 5 vols. and atlas
 * Aufgaben und Methoden der heutigen Geographie (an address delivered at Leipzig, 1883)
 * Führer für Forschungsreisende (A guide for the traveling researcher), Berlin, 1886
 * Triebkräfte und Richtungen der Erdkunde in neunzehnten Jahrhundert (address on his election as rector, Berlin, 1903)

In English

 * Comstock Lode: Its Character, and the Probable Mode of Its Continuance in Depth (1866)
 * Principles of the Natural System of Volcanic Rocks (1867)
 * Letters to the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce (1869–72)
 * Richthofen, F. (1872). Letter from Baron Richthofen on the Province of Hunan. Shanghai: Re-printed at the "Ching-foong" Printing Office. State Library of New South Wales, TQ047868
 * Richthofen, F. (1872). Letter by Baron von Richthofen on the provinces of Chili, Shansi, Shensi, Sz'-chwan, with notes on Mongolia, Kansu, Yünnan and Kwei-chau. no. 7. Shanghai: Re-printed at the "Ching-foong" Printing Office. State Library of New South Wales, TQ047868
 * Richthofen, F. (1872). Letter by Baron von Richthofen, from Si-ngan-fu, on the rebellion in Kansu and Shensi. No. 6. Shanghai: Printed at the office of the 'North-China Herald'. State Library of New South Wales, TQ047868

title: Ferdinand von Richthofen