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The Upper Hand

The Upper Hand is a British television sitcom with dramatic elements broadcast by ITV from 1 May 1990 to 14 October 1996. The programme was adapted from the American sitcom Who's the Boss?

As in the former series, affluent single woman Caroline Wheatley (Diana Weston), raising her son with the help of her mother Laura West (Honor Blackman), hires a housekeeper and a man called Charlie Burrows (Joe McGann) applies for the job.

Premise
Down on his luck, former footballer Charlie Burrows moves from a deprived area of London to leafy Henley-on-Thames in Oxfordshire to make a better life for his teenage daughter Joanna, by taking a job as housekeeper for well-off advertising executive Caroline Wheatley. Although Caroline is unsure about employing him, her man-eating ageing mother Laura West talks her into it. Soon the two become friends, Caroline's son Tom comes to see Charlie as a father figure, and Joanna enjoys having a female influence in her life following the premature death of her mother.

Both Caroline and Charlie repeatedly attempt to find love elsewhere, denying their blossoming feelings for each other. For years they lead the viewer on a "will-they-won't-they" chase that lasts until the end of the sixth series when the pair marry. After initial plans to end the series there, ITV commissioned a seventh series featuring Charlie and Caroline as husband and wife, which went beyond the premise of the original American version.

Main

 * Charlie Burrows (Joe McGann) - A former footballer whose career was curtailed by injury, Charlie is also a single dad to daughter Joanna since his wife Debbie's death. Down on his luck and living in a deprived area of London, Charlie takes a housekeeper's job in Henley-on-Thames to give Joanna a better life. Confident, charming and something of a joker, he is a contrast to the more serious Caroline and helps to loosen her up over time. A running joke is that, while Charlie sees himself very much as a traditional man, he enthusiastically embraces a stereotypically female job and its tasks.
 * Caroline Wheatley (Diana Weston) - A successful advertising executive who, while confident in the business world, struggles in her personal life. Separated from her unreliable husband, Caroline shares her life with her son Tom (whom she over-indulges) and her young-at-heart mother Laura, who constantly tries to find her daughter a man. She is somewhat buttoned-up, but begins to take a more relaxed approach to life under Charlie's influence.
 * Laura West (Honor Blackman) - Caroline's glamorous and young-at-heart mother who lives in an annex of her daughter's house. Something of a man-eater, she dates a string of different men throughout the course of the series. It is Laura who initially hires Charlie, mainly because of his looks, but when she spots the chemistry between him and Caroline she does everything she can to encourage a relationship between them. Although Laura frequently makes cracks at Caroline's expense, she genuinely loves her daughter and can be very protective of her.
 * Joanna Burrows (Kellie Bright) - Charlie's daughter; an outgoing, confident girl who is something of a tomboy in early episodes, but becomes more typically "girly" as she reaches her teens. She initially resents Caroline, finding her stuck-up, but comes to appreciate having a woman around as she goes through puberty. Just as Caroline is influenced by Charlie, Jo's confidence rubs off on Tom.
 * Tom Wheatley (William Puttock) - Caroline's son, whom she over-indulges somewhat to compensate for the lack of his father's presence. Although academically intelligent beyond his years, Tom is socially naïve and struggles to make friends. He comes to see Charlie, who encourages him in more typically "boyish" pursuits such as football, as a father figure, as well as becoming close to Jo (although she often treats him as an annoyance as she gets older).

Minor and recurring

 * Michael Wheatley (Nicky Henson) - Caroline's unreliable estranged (later ex-) husband; a documentary maker who spends most of his time in the jungle. The two briefly attempt a reconciliation, but this fails when Michael struggles to settle down. He later remarries and plans to fight for custody of Tom, until his much younger wife Tiffany decides she is not ready for motherhood.
 * Nick Murray (Anthony Newley) - Joanna's maternal grandfather, who has a difficult relationship with Charlie, having never believed him good enough for his late daughter Debbie. A shady character, Nick spends time in prison for fraud; the revelation which of upsets Jo, because Charlie had told her that her grandfather had moved to Spain.
 * Auntie Pat (Lynda Baron) - Charlie's godmother; a lively, kind-hearted woman with a habit of pinching people's cheeks in greeting (to the point that other characters instinctively protect their faces on seeing her).
 * Al (Charlie Creed-Miles) - Auntie Pat's uncle (although several years younger than her). A former young offender, he attempts to turn his life around by training as a hairdresser. Charlie takes him under his wing, but is less keen on having him around when he spots an attraction between Al and Jo.
 * Katie (Joanna Forest)
 * Tom (Jack Bernhardt) An easily confused handyman who has a brief affair with Laura.

Theme tune
The theme music was written by Debbie Wiseman. A piano version of the theme titled Joe & Diana was released in 2011 on her album Piano Stories.

Episodes

Home media
The Upper Hand was first released on VHS format in the United Kingdom, where three volumes containing various episodes were made available from Columbia Tristar Home Entertainment. All seven series of The Upper Hand have been released in 2010 and 2011 in the United Kingdom via Network.

VHS

DVD

title: The Upper Hand


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Talk:Bellevue Public Schools

Invitation to Wikicity
I apologise if this doesn't belong here, but i'd like to invite you to Students Wikicity where you can have similar pages. Beta m (talk)

Middle School Teams
Do we really need to list the teams for the middle schools? They change yearly and it really isn't that necessary to note, is it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.206.119.63 (talk) 00:50, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Bellevue Public Schools


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Nota accusativi

Nota accusativi is a grammatical term for a particle (an uninflected word) that marks a noun as being in the accusative case. An example is the use of the word a in Spanish before an animate direct object: Jorge lleva a su gato. Jorge carries his cat..

Esperanto
Officially, in Esperanto, the suffix letter -n is used to mark an accusative. But a few modern speakers use the unofficial preposition na instead of the final -n.

Mi havas domon.

I have house.ACC

I have a house.

Mi havas na domo.

I have ACC house.

I have a house.

Hebrew
In Hebrew the preposition אֶת et is used for definite nouns in the accusative. Those nouns might be used with the definite article (ה ha the). Otherwise, the object is modified by a possessive pronominal suffix, by virtue of being a nomen regens within a genitive phrasing, or as a proper name. To continue with the Hebrew example:

On the other hand, "I see a dog" is simply

This example is obviously a specialized use of the nota accusativi, since Hebrew does not use the nota accusativi unless the noun is in the definitive.

Japanese
In Japanese, the particle を (pronounced お o) is the direct object marker and marks the recipient of an action.

Korean
In Korean, the postposition 을 eul or 를 reul is the direct object marker and marks the recipient of an action. For example:

을 is used when the previous syllable (면 myeon in this case) is closed, i.e. when it ends with a consonant (ㄴ n in 면 myeon in this case).

를 is used when the previous syllable (비 bi in this case) is open, i.e. when it ends with a vowel (l i in 비 bi in this case).

Toki Pona
In Toki Pona, the word e is used to mark accusative.

Other languages
Nota accusativi also exists in Armenian, Greek and other languages.

In other languages, especially those with grammatical case, there is usually a separate form (for each declension if declensions exist) of the accusative case. The nota accusativi should not be confused with such case forms, as the term nota accusativi is a separate particle of the accusative case.

title: Nota accusativi


text:
User talk:TheCrudMan

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Web usability

Web usability of a website consists of broad goals of usability, presentation of information, choices made in a clear and concise way, a lack of ambiguity and the placement of important items in appropriate areas as well as ensuring that the content works on various devices and browsers.

Definition and components
Web usability includes a small learning curve, easy content exploration, findability, task efficiency, user satisfaction, and automation. These new components of usability are due to the evolution of the Web and personal devices. Examples: automation: auto fill, databases, personal account; efficiency: voice commands (Siri, Alexa, and other artificial intelligence assistants); findability. The number of websites has surpassed 1.5 billion thus increasing the need for well-designed websites that serve their users as best as possible in the constantly more competitive market. With good usability, users can find what they are looking for quickly. With the wide spread of mobile devices and wireless internet access, companies are now able to reach a global market with users of all nationalities at any time and almost any place in the world. It is important for websites to be usable regardless of users' language and culture. Most users in developed countries conduct their personal business online: banking, studying, errands, etc., which has enabled people with disabilities to be independent. Websites also need to be accessible for those users.

The goal of web usability is to provide user experience satisfaction by minimizing the time it takes to the user to learn new functionality and page navigation system, allowing the user to accomplish a task efficiently without major roadblocks, providing the user easy ways to overcome roadblocks, and fixing errors and re-adapting to the website or application system and functionality with minimum effort.

ISO approach
According to ISO 9241 (Ergonomic Requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals), usability is "the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use". Therefore, web usability can be defined as the ability of web applications to support web-related tasks with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. Effectiveness represents accuracy and completeness when users achieve a specified goal. Efficiency is resource cost in relation to the accuracy and completeness. Satisfaction is the comfort and acceptability of use.

Accessibility
To attain universal usability for web-based services, designers and developers should take technology variety, user diversity and gaps in user knowledge into consideration. Web usability improvements may include providing a strong contrast mode for people with color vision deficiency.

Language
Multilingual websites should offer the same experience to the users. UI Alterations because the language and characters used should still provide the different components of usability.

Mobile usability
With many different mobile devices, it is crucial to consider how the users accomplish their task on a small screen. Web usability components should be appropriate for the mobile device. The users should be awarded with a similar level of satisfaction and accomplishment as if they had used a desktop or laptop.

According to a survey conducted by Google, users want mobile-friendly websites, especially for research. They found that mobile users value short load times, big buttons and readable text, and simple input boxes. Moreover, if a website is mobile friendly, the users are more likely to return, but they will abandon the website if it is not. Google found that the three most sought-after pieces of information for mobile users are locations, opening hours and contact information. Google has also created an online tool called "mobile friendly test" on the Google search console which allows to check mobile-friendliness of a website.

Nielsen's 10 heuristics
Jakob Nielsen's heuristics are widely adopted in interface design. It provides expert reviewers with a set of principles to discover usability problems and then categorize and rate them in a quick way. This set of heuristics includes visibility of system status, match between system and the real world and so on. According to Nielsen, there are 10 general principles:

 * Visibility of system status: the users should be informed by a system all the time that people can make better decisions.
 * Match between system and the real world: the systems' language should be similar to users' language.
 * User control and freedom: It happens many times that users choose the wrong system functions by a mistake, therefore, the system needs to contain the "emergency exit" to give an option for users to leave the unwanted state without any problem.
 * Consistency and standards: the users have to be aware that different words, actions and situations can mean the same thing.
 * Error prevention: System should have a careful design that can prevent a problem that can occur in the first place.
 * Recognition rather than recall: the system should have the actions and options visible so the users do not need to memorize everything from previous steps. Instructions about the system usability should be always visible.
 * Flexibility and efficiency of use: the system should have an accelerator to help experienced and inexperienced users to make work faster and easier.
 * Aesthetic and minimalist design: the systems needs to contain only relevant and useful information. The information should be clear and short.
 * Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors: the error messages should be presented in a clear language and understandable form (no codes), and suggest the solutions.
 * Help and documentation: the information about help and documentation should be easy to find and should focus on the users' tasks.

Accessibility guidelines
The W3C publishes a set of guidelines on Web accessibility called Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WGAC).

The second revision of WCAG, WCAG 2.0, is composed of twelve guidelines, distilled following the four principles that Web content should adhere to: being Perceivable, Operable, Understandable and Robust.

W3C also provides a detailed checklist for this set of guidelines.

Understanding usability
The concept of usability, particularly in the context of the internet, is most effectively understood from the perspective of the users.

Digital literacy has been growing steadily, leading to a transformation in what Steve Krug highlights "how we really use the internet". Owing to the familiarity and frequency of internet use, users have evolved from reading websites thoroughly to scanning them quickly, often in pursuit of specific information. This shift reflects the efficiency with which users have learned to filter and identify only the information they need, delving deeper only if the initial information doesn't fully meet their requirements.

Moreover, users tend to prioritize satisfactory outcomes over optimal ones when browsing the web, a behavior known as satisficing. This is largely due to the fast-paced nature of internet use and the negligible consequences of incorrect choices, such as clicking a wrong link, which can be easily rectified with a single click of the back button. This lack of penalty for guessing eliminates the need for users to deliberate extensively over which options to select.

As a consequence, most users are less concerned with understanding the underlying mechanics of websites as long as they can effectively navigate and utilize them. However, this behavior can lead to unanticipated thinking patterns and usage methods, which may deviate from the intended functionality of a website.

Usability testing and improvement
As more results of usability research become available, this leads to the development of methodologies for enhancing web usability.

Usability testing is evaluating the different components of web usability (learnability, efficiency, memorability, errors and satisfaction) by watching the users accomplishing their task. Usability testing allows to uncover the roadblocks and errors users encounter while accomplishing a task. However, testing is not a one time event but rather an ongoing process.

title: Web usability


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Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch

Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch (マーメイドメロディーぴちぴちピッチ) is a shōjo manga and anime series created by Michiko Yokote, with artwork by Pink Hanamori. The manga was originally published in the monthly shōjo manga anthology Nakayoshi. Thirty-two chapters have been published (including two special stories) and are compiled into seven volumes by Kodansha.

A 91-episode anime series was produced by TV Aichi, divided into two seasons, aired in Japan from April 2003 to December 2004. The first season is composed of 52 episodes, while the second, entitled Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch Pure, lasted for 39.

Plot
Lucia Nanami, the mermaid princess of the North Pacific Ocean, sets out on land to find the boy that she had saved from a tsunami wave seven years before the beginning of the story, with whom she fell in love and had entrusted her pink pearl. She eventually finds the boy: a teenage surfer named Kaito Dōmoto. However, Kaito does not recognize Lucia in her human form. She cannot directly tell Kaito who she really is; otherwise, according to mermaid legend, she would turn into bubbles and disappear. Lucia tries to convince Kaito into figuring out who she really is (since the legend doesn't say anything about the other person discovering a mermaid's true identity by him or her self).

At the same time, Lucia has been told that a group of water demons have invaded the sea world and she must gather six other Mermaid Princesses and their pearls to bring back the legendary goddess Aqua Regina to stop them. To fulfill this, she joins forces with Hanon and Rina, the Mermaid Princesses who came up to dry land, use their pearls, turn into singing teen idols, and use their voices as an offensive power. After the water demons fail, the Black Beauty Sisters show up to steal the show. The Mermaid Princesses believe in themselves and believe they can defeat the Black Beauty Sisters, which they do.

Manga
The original manga, created by Yokote with illustrations by Hanamori, began serializing in the September 2002 issue of Nakayoshi. There are a total of 32 chapters, with final one published on the April 2005 issue of the said magazine (released March 2005). There are a total of seven tankōbon volumes by Kodansha, the first six containing five chapters each and final one having two. They were released between March 20, 2003 and April 30, 2005.

Del Rey Manga acquired the rights to publish the manga for the North American audience. It began releasing the manga in April 2006 under the title Pichi Pichi Pitch: Mermaid Melody. The English translations of the seven volumes were released from April 25, 2006 to October 30, 2007. The seventh volume, aside from the final two chapters, also contains two preview chapters from other manga.

A sequel manga written and illustrated by Hanamori, titled Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch Aqua, began serialization in the September issue of Kodansha's Nakayoshi magazine on August 3, 2021.

Anime
An anime adaptation produced by TV Aichi, We've, and Tokyu Agency, animated by Actas and Synergy Japan, and directed by Yoshitaka Fujimoto aired in Japan in two seasons. The first season, simply named Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch and covers manga chapters 1 to 20, aired between April 5, 2003 and March 27, 2004. They were compiled into 14 DVD volumes. The second season, Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch Pure, which adapts events from chapters 21 to 30, was aired between April 3 to December 25, 2004. Unlike the first season, Pure was compiled into two DVD box sets containing a total of 11 discs.

ADV Films acquired the license to the anime in June 2004 for its North American release, but was eventually dropped due to difficulty in finding backers and securing a TV airing deal. While the acquisition of the license and the production of the English anime predated that of the manga, it is unknown if a release will occur. That is because as of 2009, the anime has been completely dubbed but is being held by Kodansha. In addition, some foreign dubs such as Spanish and French dubbed versions was translated from the unreleased ADV Films' English-dubbed version as a reference when Elastic Rights acquired the licensing rights to Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch from Kodansha in Spain, Portugal, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey and French-speaking Europe and Africa. Likewise, there's an alternative English dub version which it was made in Malaysia by an unknown dubbing studio for Top-Insight International (which released the anime series in Asia outside Japan and Korea on behalf of Kodansha). It aired on TV3 in 2006 and later moved its sister channel TV9 in English with or without Malay subtitles. However, the Malaysian English dubbed version became very hard to find than the ADV's dubbed version since it never officially released to home video neither in Malaysia nor in English-speaking Asian territories.

A total of six theme songs were composed for the anime. The first opening theme, "Taiyō no Rakuen ~Promised Land~" (太陽の楽園 ~Promised Land~) by Miyuki Kanbe, and the first ending theme "Daiji na Takarabako" (大事な宝箱) by Asumi Nakata, are used in the first 28 episodes. For 29th to the 52nd episodes, "Rainbow Notes♪" by Kanbe and "Sekai de Ichiban Hayaku Asa ga kuru Basho" (世界で一番早く朝が来る場所) by Nakata, Hitomi Terakado, and Mayumi Asano, are the second opening and ending themes respectively. For Pure, the opening theme is "Before the Moment" by Eri Kitamura while "Ai no Ondo °C" (愛の温度°C) by Nakata, Terakado, and Asano is the ending song.

Other music
There are also other pieces of music used in the anime, either as battle songs performed by the Mermaid Princesses or their enemies or as insert songs. All songs listed below are compiled in several character singles, soundtrack, and vocal albums (which also include the theme songs listed above):

 * Mermaid songs:
 * "Legend of Mermaid" by Asumi Nakata, Hitomi Terakado, and Mayumi Asano
 * "Koi wa Nandarō" (恋はなんだろう) by Asumi Nakata
 * "Ever Blue" by Hitomi Terakado
 * "Star Jewel" by Mayumi Asano
 * "Super Love Songs!" by Asumi Nakata, Hitomi Terakado, and Mayumi Asano
 * "Splash Dream" by Asumi Nakata
 * "Aurora no Kaze ni Notte" (オーロラの風に乗って) by Ema Kogure
 * "Kizuna" (lit. "Bonds") by Asumi Nakata, Hitomi Terakado, and Mayumi Asano
 * "Yume no Sono Saki e" (夢のその先へ) by Asumi Nakata, Hitomi Terakado, and Mayumi Asano
 * "Return to the Sea" by Kana Ueda
 * "Kodou ~Perfect Harmony~" (lit. "Heartbeat ~Perfect Harmony~") primarily by Asumi Nakata, Hitomi Terakado, Mayumi Asano, and Ema Kogure (second version includes Satomi Arai and Ryoko Nagata; third version also includes Kana Ueda)
 * "Mother Symphony" by Asumi Nakata, Hitomi Terakado, and Mayumi Asano
 * "Mizuiro no Senritsu" (水色の旋律) by Hitomi Terakado
 * "Piece of Love" by Mayumi Asano
 * "Nanatsu no Umi no Monogatari ~Pearls of Mermaid~" (七つの海の物語 ~Pearls of Mermaid~) by Asumi Nakata, Hitomi Terakado, and Mayumi Asano
 * "Beautiful Wish" by Eri Kitamura
 * "Kibou no Kaneoto ~Love goes on~" (希望の鐘音〜Love goes on〜) primarily by Asumi Nakata, Hitomi Terakado, and Mayumi Asano (second version also includes Ema Kogure, Satomi Arai and Ryoko Nagata; third version also includes Eri Kitamura)
 * "Birth of Love" by Eri Kitamura

 * Other songs:
 * "Kuro no Kyōsōkyoku ~concerto~" (黒の協奏曲 ～concerto～) by Miki Tsuchiya and Noriko Shitaya
 * "Yami no Baroque" (闇のBAROQUE -バロック-) by Miki Tsuchiya and Noriko Shitaya
 * "Ankoku no Tsubasa" (暗黒の翼) by Sanae Kobayashi
 * "Hana to Chou no Serenāde" (花と蝶のセレナーデ) by Megumi Kojima
 * "Star MeroMero Heart" (Star☆メロメロ Heart) by Masayo Kurata
 * "Oh Yeah! Alala" by Masayo Kurata
 * "Tsubasa wo Daite" (翼を抱いて) by Junko Minagawa
 * "Ashita ga Mienakute" (明日が見えなくて) by Ryoko Shintani

Video games
Three video games (developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan) were released on Nintendo's Game Boy Advance console during the original run of the anime. All the games featured multiplayer capabilities, but required each player to have his or her own copy of the game in order to play.

 * Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch (released October 9, 2003) – Inspired by Dance Dance Revolution. This included eight songs from the anime.
 * Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch Pichi Pichi Party (released December 18, 2003) – A "virtual board game" similar to the Mario Party series.
 * Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch Pichi Pichitto Live Start! (released March 18, 2004) – Similar to the first Mermaid Melody game. This included fourteen songs from the anime, as well as several mini-games. Although this game (along with the first one) is a Konami-developed music video game, it is not considered part of the Bemani series.

Reception
Reviews for the English manga have been generally unfavorable. Robert Harris of Mania.com has managed to score all of its volumes Cs and below,     even going insofar as to rate its 7th and final volume an F−, making it the only manga series on site to receive such a score. Meanwhile, Anime News Network's Melissa Harper managed to only review the second volume of the manga and commented that while it has good visuals, its story is too childish in some of its elements.

title: Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch


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User talk:Jhutzler

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text:
Talk:Coherence (physics)

Coherence area
Why don't you first explain the concept (it's never done in the article) and then use it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Koitus~nlwiki (talk • contribs) 05:19, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

Figure 1 under Temporal Coherence
shouldn't the delay be half T, not T? Kaitattersall (talk) 15:39, 16 November 2022 (UTC)

Definition of coherence.
The first sentence of the lede seems incorrect to me:

"In physics, two wave sources are coherent if their frequency and waveform are identical."

If I vary the phase of one wave randomly with respect to another wave of the same frequency, these waves would be incoherent, AFAIK.

Further down in the lede we read:

"Two waves are said to be coherent if they have a constant relative phase."

Constant relative phase implies identical frequency, the reverse is not true.

The waveform has no role in coherence. If the composite waves have constant relative phase then all of the Fourier components would also have constant relative phase. Johnjbarton (talk) 18:58, 7 June 2023 (UTC)

 * I reorganized, streamlined, and cited the lede. Please take a look. Johnjbarton (talk) 00:46, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Rewrote the quantum coherence section.
The quantum coherence section was a muddle and poorly referenced. I subdivided it into topics that could grow into proper summaries of other articles.

The macroscopic section and resource theory sections need work, esp. just proper links to other articles to start.

Please let me know if you have any concerns or suggestions. Johnjbarton (talk) 16:16, 13 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Coherence (physics)


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Canal Once (Mexico)

Once (formerly Once TV México and Canal Once) is a Mexican educational broadcast television network owned by National Polytechnic Institute. The network's flagship station is XEIPN-TDT channel 11 in Mexico City. It broadcasts across Mexico through nearly 40 TV transmitters and is required carriage on all Mexican cable and satellite providers. The network also operates an international feed which is available in the United States and Venezuela via satellite from DirecTV and CANTV, via online from VEMOX, VIVOplay and also on various cable outlets, on "Latino" or "Spanish" tiers. Most of its programs are also webcast through the Internet, though its programming is not the same as the actual broadcasters or satellite signal.

History
The network began broadcasting on March 2, 1959, when its flagship station became the first non-profit educational and cultural television station in Mexico, owned and operated by a Mexican institution of higher education. The television channel was conceived by Alejo Peralta y Díaz, the director of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional between 1956 and 1959, and supported by his successor Eugenio Méndez Docurro, as well as Secretary of Communications and Transportation Walter Cross Buchanan and Jaime Torres Bodet, Secretary of Public Education. Its first broadcast was a mathematics class transmitted from a small television studio located at the Casco de Santo Tomás, in the northern part of Mexico City.

In 1969, Canal Once was the first Mexico City TV station to relocate its transmitter to Cerro del Chiquihuite, in order to improve its signal. It would later be joined on the mountain by most of Mexico City's other television stations as well as several radio broadcasters. Around this time, Canal Once converted to color. By the 1980s, it already had four of its own studios.

In the 1990s and 2000s, Once TV (as the network had been renamed in 1997) embarked on a two-pronged expansion strategy. The IPN built transmitters in cities such as Cuernavaca and Tijuana in the late 1990s, and in the 2000s and early 2010s, it expanded to build in the states of Sinaloa, Durango and Chihuahua. It also allied with state networks, such as those of Guerrero, Nayarit and Quintana Roo, providing them with Once TV programs. The launch of the Organismo Promotor de Medios Audiovisuales, now the Sistema Público de Radiodifusión del Estado Mexicano (SPR), in 2010 marked the beginning of a second expansion, which finally brought Once TV to such large cities as Guadalajara, Monterrey and Puebla. The SPR operates 26 transmitters to the IPN's 13, and all of them (with the exception of Mexico City) carry Canal Once as one of their subchannels.

In 2013, Once TV México returned to its original name of Canal Once as part of a branding refresh.

In 2015, the IPN launched Once Niños, a subchannel of Canal Once featuring children's programming, which is available on all Canal Once transmitters operated by the IPN as well as on all Mexican cable systems. On December 31, 2015, Canal Once completed its digital television transition.

In July 2016, Olympusat added the channel to its OTT platform, VEMOX.

On January 23, 2019, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador nominated senator José Antonio Álvarez Lima to serve as the new director of Canal Once. marking his return to public media after 28 years away. Álvarez was installed in that position in March. He announced his resignation in late October 2020, in order to fill the Senate vacancy in his seat that resulted from the death of alternate senator Joel Molina Ramírez. If Álvarez Lima had opted to remain at Canal Once, the vacancy would have triggered a special election for the seat. He was replaced by 25-year-old Carlos Brito Lavalle, the youngest director in the station's history, who had previously helped coordinate the Aprende en Casa program and held other posts.

In 2021, Canal Once was authorized a further 24 new transmitters, many to be co-sited with existing or new SPR installations.

Programs
Canal Once produces a wide variety of cultural and educational programming. It also produces and airs Once Noticias national newscasts.

Canal Once has also been one of the national broadcasters that has carried the Olympic Games under contract from América Móvil, including the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics and 2016 Summer Olympics.

During Holy Week, as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, Canal Once, Canal Catorce, and Capital 21 co-produced for the first time television coverage of the Passion Play of Iztapalapa.

Awards
Canal Once has won many national and international prizes, including the following:
 * Promax World Gold Awards 2004 New York, U.S.:
 * Golden Prize T 08 for Program Promotion: "Violencia Doméstica"
 * Golden Prize T 10 for Special Event Program Promotion: "Violencia Doméstica"
 * Silver Prize T 08 for Program Promotion: "Diálogos en confianza" (Talk show)
 * Silver Prize T 27 for Non-Promotional Animation: " Master of lounge music "

 * Promax BDA World Gold Awards 2004, New York, U.S.:
 * Gold 56 for Consumer Topical Advertising: "Pasión por la Naturaleza "
 * Silver 4 for Topical Print: "Tour de cine francés"
 * Silver 65 for Poster: "Tour de cine francés"
 * Silver 69 for Illustration for Print: "Pasión por la Naturaleza "
 * Bronze 13 for Open: "Violencia Familiar"
 * Bronze 16 for Art Direction & Design, Topical Promo: " Diálogos en Confianza "

 * I Festival Internacional de Documentales de Madrid 2004, Madrid, Spain:
 * Jury's Special Mention for "Series del Once"

IPN-owned transmitters
Canal Once has an extensive transmitter network owned by the IPN that is supplemented by the SPR transmitter network. All Canal Once transmitters, whether owned by the IPN or the SPR, use virtual channel 11.

Once Niñas y Niños is only available on Canal Once transmitters owned by the IPN and as the subchannel of one separately owned station, XHZHZ-TDT in Zacatecas, Zacatecas. A third subchannel, known as Mente Abierta, was authorized for the IPN transmitter network in August 2020 but never launched.

One transmitter, in Cuernavaca, carries Canal Catorce as a subchannel under agreement with the SPR.

In 2017, the IPN was authorized for four additional transmitters; it surrendered the concession for one of the four, at Tepic, Nayarit, to the IFT in 2019.

Canal Once was formerly relayed by the state networks of Guerrero (Radio y Televisión de Guerrero), Nayarit (Tele 10) and Quintana Roo (Sistema Quintanarroense de Comunicación Social), and also by XHCOZ-TDT, an independent local station in Cozumel, Quintana Roo. XHCOZ holds virtual channel 11 as an artifact of its former carriage of Canal Once's programming.

Canal Once continues to supply programming to state networks, such as XHBZC-TDT in Baja California Sur. Some commercial stations in markets without public television air some Canal Once programming, notably XEJ-TDT in Ciudad Juárez and XEFE-TDT in Nuevo Laredo.

title: Canal Once (Mexico)


text:
Talk:Ranganatha

Untitled
How could Tipu worship a Hindu god and sluaghter Hindus at the sametime? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dangerous-Boy (talk • contribs)

Could you provide a good source to prove that Tipu selectively slaughtered hindus? I was always of the opinion that his rule was much more tolerent of hinuism than any other muslim rule in this part of the world? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dangerous-Boy (talk • contribs)

WP:UNDUE
The detailed information of Ranganatha temples is UNDUE to the article. I will suggest moving it to Pancharanga Kshetrams. This article should be only about the deity, his iconography and history of his worship mainly and temples in brief. -- Redtigerxyz Talk 10:13, 16 December 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ranganatha


text:
Talk:Los Gatos-Saratoga Joint Union High School District

Invitation to wikicity
If you wish to edit articles about schools you can try Students Wikicity where those articles will be more than welcom. Beta m (talk)

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BetacommandBot (talk) 14:30, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Lgsjuhsd.jpg
Image:Lgsjuhsd.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

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text:
Pulau Brani

Pulau Brani is an island located off the southern coast of Singapore, near Keppel Harbour. The island is situated between the main island of Singapore and the resort island of Sentosa, and is linked to the mainland via Brani Terminal Avenue. The area of Pulau Brani is 1.22 km2. Used to be home for Orang Laut, and in malay, the meaning of Pulau Brani is “isle of the brave”.

Historic use
The bulk of the island was occupied by the Malayan Command Ordnance Depot until 1937 when a new purpose built depot was constructed at Alexandra on the mainland.

The Straits Trading Co. built a tin smelting factory on Pulau Brani in 1890 to process the tin ores mined in mainland Malaya. The factory was on the island for more than 70 years before it had to move out to make way for the Brani Naval Base in the late 1960s.

The British army had their maritime (water transport) base here, first with the RASC and then the RCT. Many families lived in the married quarters on the island. Primary children attended the British army school located near Buller Jetty, as did the children from army families on Blakang Mati (now Sentosa). Secondary age children had to go to the mainland by ferry, attending the Alexandra Schools at Gillman Barracks, then after 1964 either Bourne (in the Gillman buildings) or the brand new St John's Comprehensive in what is now the United World College in Dover Road.

Current use
After Singapore's independence, Brani Naval Base was built on Pulau Brani. In the year 2000, the Navy later moved from their base on Pulau Brani to Changi and Tuas Naval Bases, and the Police Coast Guard (PCG) took over the former site of the naval base in 2006, forming it into today's PCG Brani Regional Base. The rest of Pulau Brani was developed as Brani Container Terminal (see Port of Singapore).

Future use
Pulau Brani is intended to be re-developed to host a resort and other tourist attractions as part of the Greater Southern Waterfront project. Brani Container Terminal will be consolidated at the Tuas Mega Port for this to occur.

Popular culture
Pulau Brani is featured in the 2021 video game Battlefield 2042 as the setting of multiplayer map Manifest.

title: Pulau Brani


text:
Talk:List of Friends schools

NOTE
I changed some school's category because they are no longer affiliated with Meetings of the Religious Society of Friends. I don't have much experience with editing pages but I thought this was a significant distinction.

Invitation to wikicity
If you wish to edit articles about schools you can try Students Wikicity where those articles will be more than welcom. Beta m (talk)

Divisons
Some schools are in the wrong categories. Some of the colleges are no longer affiliated with a meeting. Also, the heading Prep/Boarding schools is not very Quaker. I propose dividing the category into boarding school and day schools.
 * Generally when I've worked on this listing I've tried to use the school's self descriptions as a guide. So for colleges I used labels that they use on their sites (generally: "in the Quaker tradition" = Not Quaker, "Quaker Education" = Quaker). The Day/Boarding school division is not a clean one, there are several schools that are both (George School and Westtown for example have both). Several of the schools identify themselves as Prep (Moses Brown I believe would be an example), so I'd leave that heading.  But if you think you have a better system I'm happy to see improvements. --Ahc 14:02, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

Removing non-wiki links
My feeling is that we should remove the external links from this page. School's that have pages, should probably have their web pages linked from their article, but this page should be seen as a directory within Wikipedia for finding articles or information about Quaker schools in general; information about any particular school should be in the appropriate place. Thoughts? --Ahc 05:07, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Due to a lack of other thoughts, I'd gone ahead and done this. --Ahc 04:03, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

proposals for imporvement
1. divide first by country, as education systems (what grade goes with what age) varies fromplace to place

2. distinguish colleges from other schools within countries.

3. Get the following data points for each school:
 * age/grade levels
 * location (wikified)
 * day/boarding
 * relationship to Society of Friends: "under care of X Yearly meeting" (I'd suggest we stick to Yearly Meetings rather than monthly as liable to be simpler and many have wikipages), "organized on Quaker principles but not under care of a meeting", "historically Quaker, no longer has an institutional connection," etc. Also potentially mention which branch of Quakerism is involved (FGC, FUM, FEI, Conservative).
 * year founded (given the historic nature of some schools, this seems to me to make sense, but I'm not sure.

Is this better as a table?

We should also do a better job referencing overarching organizations like the Friends Council on Education (maybe this is the place to redirect a wikilink to that group too, the Friends League, FGC, FUM, FEI, any similar non-US groups.

I will notbe able to get to this for a while if someone else wants to tackle it...--Natcase (talk) 06:59, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081222072215/http://www.pickeringcollege.on.ca/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=320 to http://www.pickeringcollege.on.ca/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=320
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090918215735/http://www.ackworthschool.com/pages/about.php to http://www.ackworthschool.com/pages/about.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091002213214/http://www.boothamschool.com/governance.html to http://www.boothamschool.com/governance.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110725044941/http://www.stchris.co.uk/calendar/content/stchris/File/march/stchrisbackground.pdf to http://www.stchris.co.uk/calendar/content/stchris/File/march/stchrisbackground.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100302160332/http://www.friends.org.uk/school/governors/governors.htm to http://www.friends.org.uk/school/governors/governors.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070507115916/http://friendsschoollisburn.org.uk/content.asp?PageId=1 to http://www.friendsschoollisburn.org.uk/content.asp?PageId=1
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090520020025/http://www.happygrovealumni.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=1 to http://www.happygrovealumni.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=1
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20000917222128/http://www.hgst.edu/statement.html to http://www.hgst.edu/statement.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081004222451/http://www.scarecrowpress.com/Catalog/SingleBook.shtml?command=Search&db=%5EDB%2FCATALOG.db&eqSKUdata=0810858185 to http://www.scarecrowpress.com/Catalog/SingleBook.shtml?command=Search&db=%5EDB%2FCATALOG.db&eqSKUdata=0810858185
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080828155441/http://whittier.edu/About/MissionValuesAndHistory/ValuesAndTraditions/default.aspx to http://www.whittier.edu/About/MissionValuesAndHistory/ValuesAndTraditions/default.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090102033441/http://www.olneyfriends.org/about_us/history.htm to http://olneyfriends.org/about_us/history.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081209082837/http://www.bfs.org/bfs_community/buckinghammeeting.aspx to http://www.bfs.org/bfs_community/buckinghammeeting.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081226223025/http://www.ctfriendsschool.org/friendsed.htm to http://www.ctfriendsschool.org/friendsed.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090124213713/http://www.pym.org/burlington-qm/rancocas.htm to http://www.pym.org/burlington-qm/rancocas.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080705011651/http://www.efcmaym.org/directories/related_organizations.htm to http://www.efcmaym.org/directories/related_organizations.htm
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title: Talk:List of Friends schools


text:
Ohio and Erie Canal

The Ohio and Erie Canal was a canal constructed during the 1820s and early 1830s in Ohio. It connected Akron with the Cuyahoga River near its outlet on Lake Erie in Cleveland, and a few years later, with the Ohio River near Portsmouth. It also had connections to other canal systems in Pennsylvania.

The canal carried freight traffic from 1827 to 1861, when the construction of railroads ended demand. From 1862 to 1913, the canal served as a water source for industries and towns. During 1913, much of the canal system was abandoned after important parts were flooded severely.

Most of the surviving portions in the Akron-Cleveland area are managed by the National Park Service or Ohio Department of Natural Resources. They are used for various recreational purposes by the public, and still provide water for some industries. Parts of the canal are preserved, including the Ohio and Erie Canal Historic District, a National Historic Landmark. Portions further south are less well preserved, and a discontiguous set of locks and other canal resources roughly between Columbus and the Ohio River are listed on the National Register as the Ohio and Erie Canal Southern Descent Historic District.

History
Ohio, which achieved statehood during 1803, remained a sparsely populated region of 50,000 people who were scattered throughout the state and who had no means of transporting goods economically out of the state. Without easy access to distant markets, agriculture served only local needs and large-scale manufacturing was nearly non-existent.

Agitation for a canal system (1787–1822)
As early as 1787, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson had discussed the desirability of a canal linking Lake Erie to the Ohio River as part of a national system of canals. It wasn't until 1807 that Ohio's first Senator, Thomas Worthington offered a resolution in Congress asking Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin to report to the Senate. In 1810, DeWitt Clinton was appointed to manage the Erie Canal Commission. He was unsuccessful in his attempt to get national aid for the construction of a canal connecting Lake Erie to the Hudson River, so he enlisted the aid of state legislators and Ohio's congressional delegation. On January 15, 1812, the Ohio General Assembly passed a resolution expressing its opinion that the connection of the Great Lakes with the Hudson River was a project of "national concern". President Madison was against the proposal, however, and the War of 1812 ended official discussion.

On December 11, 1816, Clinton, by then the Governor of New York, sent a letter to the Ohio Legislature indicating his state's willingness to construct the Erie Canal without national help, and asking the State of Ohio to join the endeavor. On January 9, 1817, the Ohio Legislature directed Ohio's Governor (and former Senator) Thomas Worthington to negotiate a deal with Clinton. Due to the cost, however, the Ohio Legislature dallied, and nothing happened for three years. Finally, in January 1822, the Ohio Legislature passed acts to fund the canal system (and the state's public education obligations).

Survey and design (1822)
On January 31, 1822, the Ohio Legislature passed a resolution to employ an engineer and appoint commissioners to survey and design the canal system as soon as possible. A sum not to exceed $6,000 was reserved for this purpose.

James Geddes, an engineer who had worked on the New York canals, was hired. Since most of Ohio's population lived along a line from Cleveland to Cincinnati, the main trunk of the canal needed to serve these areas. But no single river followed this line — canals are more cheaply and easily built along river valleys — making it difficult to design a suitable system. Specifically, the bridging of the Scioto and Miami river valleys required raising the canal to such an elevation that water from neither river could be used as a source. As a result, the canal was divided into two sections: the Ohio and Erie Canal, which connected Cleveland to Portsmouth via the Licking Divide and the Scioto River Valley, and the Miami and Erie Canal, which connected Cincinnati to Dayton. This second canal would ultimately be extended to the Maumee River at Toledo.

Copies of the original survey plat maps for the construction of both Ohio canals are available on-line from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources.

Construction (1825–1832)
On February 4, 1825, the Ohio Legislature passed "An Act to provide for the Internal Improvement of the State of Ohio by Navigable Canals". The Canal Commission was authorized to borrow $400,000 during 1825, and not more than $600,000 per year thereafter. The notes issued were to be redeemable between 1850 and 1875.

On July 4, 1825, ground was broken for the canal at Licking Summit near Newark, Ohio.

The canals were specified to have a minimum width of 40 ft at the top, 26 ft at the bottom, and a depth of 4 ft feet minimum. These limits were often exceeded, and indeed it was cheaper to do so in most cases. For example, it might be cheaper to build one embankment and then let the water fill all the way to a hillside parallel, perhaps hundreds of feet away, rather than build two embankments. By damming the rivers, long stretches of slackwater could be created which, with the addition of towpaths, could serve as portions of the canal. Where it made economic sense to do so, such as lock widths or portions of the canal through narrow rock or across aqueducts, the minimum widths were adhered to.

Contracts were let for the following tasks: Grubbing and clearing, Mucking and ditching, Embankment and excavation, Locks and culverts, Puddling, and Protection.

Initially, contractors in general proved to be inexperienced and unreliable. It was common for one job to receive 50 bids, many of them local to where the work was being performed. The chosen contractor, having underbid the contract, often would abscond leaving his labor force unpaid and his contract unfulfilled. This problem was so bad that many laborers refused to perform canal work for fear of not being paid. As the bidding process was improved, and more reliable contractors engaged, the situation improved.

Workers were initially paid $0.30 per day and offered a jigger of whiskey. As work progressed, and where labor was in shortage, workers could make as much as $15 per month. At that time, cash money was scarce in Ohio forcing much bartering. Working on the canal was appealing and attracted many farmers from their land.

On July 3, 1827 the first canal boat on the Ohio and Erie Canal left Akron, traveled through 41 locks and over 3 aqueducts along 37 mi of canal, to arrive at Cleveland on July 4. While the average speed of 3 mi/h may seem slow, canal boats could carry 10 tons of goods and were much more efficient than wagons over rutted trails.

During the next five years, more and more portions of the canal opened, with it finally being completed during 1832:
 * 1828 – opens from Akron to Massillon, Ohio. The canal is 65 mi long.
 * 1829 – opens from Massillon to Dover, Ohio. The canal is 93 mi long.
 * 1830 – opens from Dover to Newark, Ohio. The canal is 177 mi long.
 * 1831 – opens from Newark to Chillicothe, Ohio. The canal is 258 mi long.

During 1832, the Ohio and Erie Canal was completed. The entire canal system was 308 mi long with 146 lift locks and a rise of 1206 ft. In addition, there were five feeder canals that added 24.8 mi and 6 additional locks to the system consisting of:
 * Tuscarawas Feeder (3.2 miles)
 * Walhonding Feeder (1.3 miles)
 * Granville Feeder (6.1 miles)
 * Muskinghum Side Cut (2.6 miles)
 * Columbus Feeder (11.6 miles)

The canal's lock numbering system was oriented from the Lower Basin, near the southwest corner of the current Exchange and Main streets in Akron. North of the basin is Lock 1 North, and south of the basin is Lock 1 South. At this basin was the joining of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal.

Operation (1833–1913)
The canals enjoyed a period of prosperity from the 1830s to the early 1860s, with maximum revenue between 1852 and 1855. During the 1840s, Ohio was the third most prosperous state, owing much of that growth to the canal. Immediately after the Civil War, it became apparent that railroads would take the canal's business. From 1861 until 1879, after the canal had been badly flooded, Ohio leased its canals to private owners who earned revenue from dwindling boat operation and the sale of water to factories and towns. When the state resumed ownership of the canals during 1879, it discovered that they had not been maintained well, and that state lands surrounding the canals had been sold illegally to private owners. In many cases, canals were filled in for "health reasons", with a newly laid railroad track on their right of way. Much state land was given away for free to politically savvy private owners. Nevertheless, some revenue was accrued into the early twentieth century from the sale of water rights as well as recovery and sale of land surrounding the canals.

Abandonment
After the maximum of the 1850s and a cessation of revenue due to the Civil War during the early 1860s the canal's expenditures started to outgrow its revenues due to increasing maintenance costs. By 1911, most of the southern portion of the canal had been abandoned. The Great Dayton Flood of 1913 dumped an abnormally heavy amount of rain on the state, causing extensive flooding. This caused the reservoirs to spill over into the canals, destroying aqueducts, washing out banks, and devastating most of the locks. In Akron, Lock 1 was dynamited to allow backed up floodwater to flow.

Notable persons associated with the canal
As a teenager during 1847, James Garfield worked as a "hoggee", driving mules to pull barges along the canal. After repeatedly falling into the canal on the job Garfield became ill and decided to go to college instead.

The canal presently
The Ohio and Erie Canal Historic District, a 24.5 acre historic district including part of the canal, was declared a National Historic Landmark during 1966. It is a four-mile (6 km) section within the village of Valley View comprising three locks, the Tinkers Creek Aqueduct, and two other structures.

A remaining watered section of the Ohio & Erie Canal is located in Summit County, Ohio. The Ohio & Erie Canal is maintained, to this day, as a water supply for local industries. After the flood, a few sections of the canal continued in use hauling cargo to local industries. Another watered section extends from the Station Road Bridge in Brecksville northwards into Valley View and Independence, all Cleveland suburbs.

The section of the Ohio & Erie Canal from the Brecksville Dam to Rockside Road in Cuyahoga County was transferred to the National Park Service during 1989 as part of the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreational Area (now known as the Cuyahoga Valley National Park).

A lease on the canal lands from the Cuyahoga Valley National Park to the terminus of the canal has been executed with the Cleveland Metroparks. The Metroparks manage the adjacent real estate and the surrounding Ohio & Erie Canal Reservation.

The section of the Ohio & Erie Canal still owned and maintained by the Division of Parks in southern Summit is referred to as the watered section. This section runs from downtown Akron, through Summit Lake south to Barberton, a distance of about 12 mi. Included in this section is the feeder canal from the Tuscarawas River and the hydraulics (flood control) at the Portage Lakes.

The Ohio & Erie Canal and its feeder reservoirs are maintained from Akron by a staff of three O.D.N.R. Ohio State Parks, Canal Hydraulic Operators. Like its sister canal, the Ohio & Erie Canal carries a large amount of stormwater. The canals were not designed to accommodate this great influx of stormwater. Most of the siltation and erosion problems experienced presently are the result of stormwater inappropriately piped into the canals over the years.

During late 1996, the canal from Zoar to Cleveland was designated a National Heritage Corridor. This designation was brought about through the efforts of many communities, civic organizations, businesses and individuals working in partnership.

Another section still watered, approximately one mile in length, runs along Canal Road in Pickaway County southwest of Circleville.

A map showing the disposition of the canal lands is available on-line from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources.

Points of interest

 * Alexander's (a.k.a. Wilson's) Mill
 * Richard Howe House (future site)
 * Canal Visitor Center
 * Frazee House
 * St. Helena III Historic Boat Ride in Canal Fulton
 * Mustill Store
 * Peninsula Depot
 * Station Road Bridge
 * Tinkers Creek Aqueduct
 * Fort Laurens - Ohio's only American Revolutionary War fort
 * Restored canal town Historic Roscoe Village Roscoe Village (Coshocton, Ohio)
 * Monticello III Canal Ride on Mudport Basin Roscoe Village (Coshocton, Ohio)
 * Restored Walhonding Aqueduct Bridge Roscoe Village (Coshocton, Ohio)

Connecting canals
The Ohio and Erie Canal initially provided a connection between Akron and Lake Erie at Cleveland, then extending all the way to the Ohio River within a few years. Later, connecting canal systems were built connecting it with the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal and other parts of Eastern Ohio.

Towpath Trail landmarks
An all-purpose bicycle/pedestrian trail was constructed by Cuyahoga Valley National Park in Southern Cuyahoga County and Northern Summit County, Cleveland Metroparks in Northern Cuyahoga County, and Akron/Summit County Metroparks in Southern Summit County to roughly follow the original Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath route. (The northernmost section in Cuyahoga County is still undergoing construction.) There are many connecting trails going to other points of interest throughout their park systems.

Travels through Cuyahoga, Summit, Stark, Licking, Franklin, Fairfield, Pickaway, and Scioto counties.

General references

 * National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior

title: Ohio and Erie Canal


text:
Mianyang

Mianyang (Sichuanese romanization: Mien$2$-iang$2$; formerly known as Mienchow, ; Sichuanese romanization: Miencheo; lit. 'Mian Prefecture') is the second largest prefecture-level city of Sichuan province in Southwestern China. Located in north-central Sichuan covering an area of 20281 km² consisting of Jiangyou, a county-level city, five counties, and three urban districts. Its total population was 4,868,243 people at the 2020 Chinese census, of whom 2,232,865 live in its built-up (or metro) area made of three urban districts.

History
Mianyang, which was known as Fuxian (Fu County) in ancient times, had advanced in agriculture during the Qin (221−206 BCE) and Han (206 BCE−220 CE) dynasties. It has a history of over 2,200 years since the Emperor Gaozu of Han established the first county in this area in 201 BCE. Due to its advantageous location, it had always been a town of great military importance and formed a natural defence for Chengdu.

Mianyang is home to the CAEP and Science City, an immense Military Research Complex which was the site of the development of China's first nuclear bomb.

The city proper itself was only lightly damaged by the earthquake of 12 May 2008. However, Beichuan County, which is in the prefecture, was among the most severely hit of all disaster regions following the earthquake, including the Beichuan High School campus where more than 1,000 students lost their lives after two main buildings collapsed. Around 80% of the county's buildings are said to have collapsed, including its main government building. The casualty toll for the quake in Mianyang Prefecture as of 7 June 2008, was 21,963 people killed, 167,742 injured, and 8,744 people missing.

Geography and climate
Mianyang is at the northwestern end of the Sichuan Basin, on the upper to middle reaches of the Fu River. Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 30° 42' to 33° 03' N and in longitude from 103° 45' to 105° 43' E. Bordering prefectures are Guangyuan to the northeast, Nanchong to the east, Suining to the south, Deyang to the southwest, and the Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture to the west. It also borders Gansu for a small section in the north.

Mianyang has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) and is largely mild and humid, with four distinct seasons. Winter is short, mild, and foggy, though precipitation is low. January averages 5.3 °C, and while frost may occur, snow is rare. Summers are long, hot, and humid, with highs often exceeding 30 °C. The daily average in July, the warmest month, is 25.7 °C. Rainfall is light in winter and can be heavy in summer, and more than 70% of the annual total occurs from May to September. The annual frost-free period across most of the prefecture lasts from 252 to 300 days, and there are only 1,100 hours of sunshine annually, which is not even 30% of the possible total.

Transport
The city has highway and railway connections to several major cities and is on the road from Xi'an to the provincial capital of Chengdu as well as the Baocheng Railway running from Baoji in Shaanxi province to Chengdu.

Mianyang Nanjiao Airport, which is the second largest airport in Sichuan province, has direct flights to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi'an, Shenzhen, Kunming, Hangzhou, and so on.

Both G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway and G93 Chengyu Ring Expressway passed through the city.

Economy
Mianyang is one of China's major centres for the electronics industry. It has many well-known research institutions, such as the China Academy of Engineering Physics and China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center. Many large-scale enterprises, such as Changhong Electronics Group Corporation, Sichuan DND Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiuzhou Electronics Group, Shuangma Cement Group, and Changcheng Special Steel Company also have their home in Mianyang.

Mianyang is an important national defence, scientific research, and production base, consisting of 18 institutes including the China Academy of Engineering Physics and the China Aerodynamics Research Institute. Moreover, it houses 50 large- and medium-size enterprises and six science colleges.

The provincial government will hand over greater administrative powers of economic management at the provincial-level authority to propel the development of Mianyang. The new economy management authority will pay close attention to the construction of the scientific city. The provincial committee party and government are presently drafting the "Opinions on Propelling China Scientific City Construction" report which is expected to come out soon.

Education
There are six universities and colleges in the city, and it is well-known as a science and technology centre.

The best known of these is Southwest University of Science and Technology, with a campus of 4000 mu (about 260 ha). There is a wide-band multimedia campus network, which is connected to the Internet. The student dorm has access to telephone, Internet, and TV. There are over 900,000 copies of books and over 10,000 electronic books in the library. The studying and living facilities are all on the campus.

Others:
 * Tianfu College, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics
 * Mianyang Normal University

People
It is the hometown of the famous poet Li Bai, and boasts many historical relics of the Three Kingdoms period.

Li Shunxian was a poet of Persian descent flourished during the Former Shu period (907–925). She had two brothers, Li Xun (poet), a poet and pharmacologist, author of Overseas Pharmacopoeia, and Li Xuan, also a pharmacologist and alchemist. Their religious background has been suggested as Zoroastrian or Nestorian Christian by Li Guotao and Lo Hsiang-lin, respectively. In his "The Transmission of Foreign Medicine via the Silk Roads in Medieval China: A Case Study of Haiyao Bencao", Chen Ming states that he is "inclined to agree with Lo Hsiang-lin, and to conclude that Li Xun was probably a Nestorian who was influenced by Taoism". However, both suppositions lack solid evidence and remain to be proven.

Li Bifeng is a democracy advocate and a house church Christian, founder of an organization of conscience-based care for conducting written reports on the living conditions of laid-off workers, women, and children. He was imprisoned several times by Chinese authorities.

Wang Yi is a Calvinist pastor from Santai and founder of the house church Early Rain Covenant Church in Chengdu. In 2018, he was arrested on allegations of "inciting subversion of state power".

Wang Jiujiang is a "mountains and water" landscape painter with Tibetan influence. He is classified as a member of national second-class artists.

Chinese food blogger and internet celebrity Li Ziqi is from Pingwu County on Mianyang and shoots most of her video content in the surrounding countryside.

Several ethnic minorities live in Mianyang, such as the Tibetan and Qiang people.

Christianity
According to Asia Harvest, estimates from 2020 suggest that of the entire population (4,057,601) about 5.43% is Christian (220,501), including Christians within the "unofficial churches", i.e., the Catholic underground church and the Protestant house churches.

Catholicism
Christian presence in Sichuan (Szechwan) dates to the Tang dynasty (618–907) in the form of East Syriac Christianity. In the case of Mianyang, the earliest evangelization to this region, according to Annals of Religion in Mianyang, was carried out in 1777 by Louis Gabriel Taurin Dufresse, a Catholic missionary and martyr saint of the Missions Étrangères de Paris (MEP).

The first congregation was established in the 1820s in a small town named Bailin, now under the administration of Youxian District. A neo-Gothic church was subsequently built there and was expanded in 1913 by Alexandre Perrodin, which is known today as Bailin Catholic Church. In 1883, Joseph-Marie-Félix Hatinguais took charge of the District of Lio-pin. He directed the mission work there until died of typhoid fever on 16 October 1886. A purgatorial society existed in Beichuan before 1951.

Our Lady of Lourdes Church is the only Catholic church building in Fucheng, the most populated district of Mianyang. Lucy Yi Zhenmei, a 19th-century local missionary from Mianyang, was martyred in Guizhou and canonized on 1 October 2000 by Pope John Paul II.

Mianyang region was historically part of the MEP's Western Szechwan Mission, and is now under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Chengdu. According to Asia Harvest, estimates from 2020 suggest that of the entire population (4,057,601) about 1.57% is Catholic (63,896), including underground church Catholics.

Fourteen church buildings are included in a list in Annals of Religion in Mianyang, namely: • Bailin Catholic Church, Youxian District

• Long'an Catholic Church, Pingwu County

• Gucheng Catholic Church, Pingwu County

• Tongchuan Catholic Church, Santai County

• Xiushui Catholic Church, Anzhou District

• Piankou Catholic Church, Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County

• Xiaoba Catholic Church, Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County

• Shiban Catholic Church, Youxian District

• Huazhulin Catholic Church, Youxian District

• Xujia Catholic Church, Youxian District

• Tucheng Catholic Church, Pingwu County

• Daqiao Catholic Church, Pingwu County

• Zhongba Catholic Church, Jiangyou

• Xiping Catholic Church, Jiangyou

Protestantism
Protestantism was brought to Mianyang in 1894 by Anglican missionaries of the Church Missionary Society (CMS), who subsequently made the city their mission headquarters. Alice Entwistle was largely responsible for the opening of this region for missionary work. Or according to Annals of Religion in Mianyang, in 1885, a small mission church known as Gospel Church was already founded in Mianyang by Alfred Arthur Phillips and Gertrude Emma Wells of the Church Missionary Society. However, Gospel Church, Jiangyou is traditionally regarded as the first CMS church in the Mianyang region. In the late 1880s, two women representing the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society were working in this city.

In 1908, William Munn established Hua Ying Primary School in Nanshan subdistrict (present-day Nanshan High School) and served as the first principal until 1916, when Frederick J. Watt assumed the position. In 1918, Alfred Arthur Phillips established the first school for the dumb and the blind in Sichuan at Huang Family's Alley, Fucheng District. Frederick Boreham, future Archdeacon of Cornwall, served as a missionary in Mianyang (Mien Yong) under the CMS from 1917 to 1924, and again from 1928 to 1934.

After the split of the Diocese of Western China into Diocese of East Szechwan and Diocese of West Szechwan in 1936, Mianyang came under the authority of the latter which was supported by the CMS.

Santai County (formerly known as Tungchwan, ) was a centre of Quakerism, which was introduced in 1887, and again in 1894 by Friends' Foreign Mission Association (FFMA). Santai Mission became the largest mission branch of FFMA's Northern District. It was organized as Santai Monthly Meeting by Isaac Mason in 1900, under the administration of Szechwan Yearly Meeting.

Since 1942, the Seventh-day Adventist Church had a small presence in Fenggu, a town under the administration of Fucheng. This denomination had a church built in July 1946, and made 99 converts before 1950 (see "Adventism in Sichuan"). True Jesus Church had a small presence in Jiangyou and Yanting since 1947.

According to Asia Harvest, estimates from 2020 suggest that of the entire population (4,057,601) about 3.86% is Protestant (156,605; termed "Evangelicals"), including house church Protestants.

Six church buildings are included in a list in Annals of Religion in Mianyang, namely:

 * Gospel Church at Fucheng District, Mianyang (prev. Anglicanism)
 * Gospel Church at Fuyi Town, Yanting County
 * Gospel Church at Tongchuan Town, Santai County (former Quaker meeting house)
 * Chengguan Gospel Church, Anzhou District (prev. Anglicanism)
 * Lingxing Protestant Church, Santai County
 * Gospel Church, Jiangyou (prev. Anglicanism)

Food
·Mianyang Rice Noodles (绵阳米粉): One of the famous traditional dishes of the Han nationality in the Mianyang area with a history of more than 1,800 years. There are three flavours: red soup, clear soup, and clear red soup.

·Lengzhanzhan (冷沾沾): Lengzhanzhan originated in Mianyang Jiangyou. It is a snack that uses toothpicks to weave different dishes of meat and vegetables together and then dip different oil dishes.

· Mianyang rusty pancake/Guokui (绵阳脆皮锅盔): In the middle of the rusty pancake there is a dragon's eye like head of the pot kui, just pull out the eye and you can lift out the whole pot kui and it won't break at all.

·Zitong shortcake (梓潼酥饼): Zitong shortcake is a traditional famous food of Han nationality. It is made of wheat flour, lard, white sugar, sesame and other raw materials by traditional handicraft.

title: Mianyang


text:
Chemical file format

A chemical file format is a type of data file which is used specifically for depicting molecular data. One of the most widely used is the chemical table file format, which is similar to Structure Data Format (SDF) files. They are text files that represent multiple chemical structure records and associated data fields. The XYZ file format is a simple format that usually gives the number of atoms in the first line, a comment on the second, followed by a number of lines with atomic symbols (or atomic numbers) and cartesian coordinates. The Protein Data Bank Format is commonly used for proteins but is also used for other types of molecules. There are many other types which are detailed below. Various software systems are available to convert from one format to another.

Distinguishing formats
Chemical information is usually provided as files or streams and many formats have been created, with varying degrees of documentation. The format is indicated in three ways: (see )
 * file extension (usually 3 letters). This is widely used, but fragile as common suffixes such as   and   are used by many systems, including non-chemical ones.
 * self-describing files where the format information is included in the file. Examples are CIF and CML.
 * chemical/MIME type added by a chemically aware server.

Chemical Markup Language
Chemical Markup Language (CML) is an open standard for representing molecular and other chemical data. The open source project includes XML Schema, source code for parsing and working with CML data, and an active community. The articles Tools for Working with Chemical Markup Language and XML for Chemistry and Biosciences discusses CML in more detail. CML data files are accepted by many tools, including JChemPaint, Jmol, XDrawChem and MarvinView.

Protein Data Bank Format
The Protein Data Bank Format is an obsolete format for protein structures developed in 1972. It is a fixed-width format and thus limited to a maximum number of atoms, residues, and chains; this resulted in splitting very large structures such as ribosomes into multiple files. For example, the E. coli 70S was represented as 4 PDB files in 2009: 3I1M, 3I1N , 3I1O, and 3I1P. In 2014, they were consolidated into a single file, 4V6C. In 2014, the PDB format was officially replaced with mmCIF, and newer PDB structures may not have PDB files available.

Some PDB files contained an optional section describing atom connectivity as well as position. Because these files were sometimes used to describe macromolecular assemblies or molecules represented in explicit solvent, they could grow very large and were often compressed. Some tools, such as Jmol and KiNG, could read PDB files in gzipped format. The wwPDB maintained the specifications of the PDB file format and its XML alternative, PDBML. There was a fairly major change in PDB format specification (to version 3.0) in August 2007, and a remediation of many file problems in the existing database. The typical file extension for a PDB file was  , although some older files used   or  . Some molecular modeling tools wrote nonstandard PDB-style files that adapted the basic format to their own needs.

GROMACS format
The GROMACS file format family was created for use with the molecular simulation software package GROMACS. It closely resembles the PDB format but was designed for storing output from molecular dynamics simulations, so it allows for additional numerical precision and optionally retains information about particle velocity as well as position at a given point in the simulation trajectory. It does not allow for the storage of connectivity information, which in GROMACS is obtained from separate molecule and system topology files. The typical file extension for a GROMACS file is  .

CHARMM format
The CHARMM molecular dynamics package can read and write a number of standard chemical and biochemical file formats; however, the CARD (coordinate) and PSF (protein structure file) are largely unique to CHARMM. The CARD format is fixed-column-width, resembles the PDB format, and is used exclusively for storing atomic coordinates. The PSF file contains atomic connectivity information (which describes atomic bonds) and is required before beginning a simulation. The typical file extensions used are   and   respectively.

GSD format
The General Simulation Data (GSD) file format created for efficient reading / writing of generic particle simulations, primarily - but not restricted to - those from HOOMD-blue. The package also contains a python module that reads and writes HOOMD schema gsd files with an easy to use syntax.

Ghemical file format
The Ghemical software can use OpenBabel to import and export a number of file formats. However, by default, it uses the GPR format. This file is composed of several parts, separated by a tag (, ,  ,  ,  ,   and  ).

The proposed MIME type for this format is application/x-ghemical.

SYBYL Line Notation
SYBYL Line Notation (SLN) is a chemical line notation. Based on SMILES, it incorporates a complete syntax for specifying relative stereochemistry. SLN has a rich query syntax that allows for the specification of Markush structure queries. The syntax also supports the specification of combinatorial libraries of ChemDraw.

 * {| class="wikitable"

! Description ! SLN string
 * +Example SLNs
 * Benzene
 * Alanine
 * Query showing R sidechain
 * Query for amide/sulfamide
 * }
 * Query showing R sidechain
 * Query for amide/sulfamide
 * }
 * Query for amide/sulfamide
 * }
 * Query for amide/sulfamide
 * }
 * }

SMILES
The simplified molecular input line entry system, or SMILES, is a line notation for molecules. SMILES strings include connectivity but do not include 2D or 3D coordinates.

Hydrogen atoms are not represented. Other atoms are represented by their element symbols,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  , and. The symbol  represents double bonds and   represents triple bonds. Branching is indicated by. Rings are indicated by pairs of digits.

Some examples are

 * {| class="wikitable"

! Name ! Formula ! SMILES string
 * Methane
 * CH4
 * Ethanol
 * C2H6O
 * Benzene
 * C6H6
 *  or
 * Ethylene
 * C2H4
 * }
 * C6H6
 *  or
 * Ethylene
 * C2H4
 * }
 * }
 * }

XYZ
The XYZ file format is a simple format that usually gives the number of atoms in the first line, a comment on the second, followed by a number of lines with atomic symbols (or atomic numbers) and cartesian coordinates.

MDL number
The MDL number contains a unique identification number for each reaction and variation. The format is RXXXnnnnnnnn. R indicates a reaction, XXX indicates which database contains the reaction record. The numeric portion, nnnnnnnn, is an 8-digit number.

Other common formats
One of the most widely used industry standards are chemical table file formats, like the Structure Data Format (SDF) files. They are text files that adhere to a strict format for representing multiple chemical structure records and associated data fields. The format was originally developed and published by Molecular Design Limited (MDL). MOL is another file format from MDL. It is documented in Chapter 4 of CTfile Formats.

PubChem also has XML and ASN1 file formats, which are export options from the PubChem online database. They are both text based (ASN1 is most often a binary format).

There are a large number of other formats listed in the table below

Converting between formats
OpenBabel and JOELib are freely available open source tools specifically designed for converting between file formats. Their chemical expert systems support a large atom type conversion tables.

For example, to convert the file epinephrine.sdf in SDF to CML use the command

The resulting file is epinephrine.cml.

IOData is a free and open-source Python library for parsing, storing, and converting various file formats commonly used by quantum chemistry, molecular dynamics, and plane-wave density-functional-theory software programs. It also supports a flexible framework for generating input files for various software packages. For a complete list of supported formats, please go to https://iodata.readthedocs.io/en/latest/formats.html.

A number of tools intended for viewing and editing molecular structures are able to read in files in a number of formats and write them out in other formats. The tools JChemPaint (based on the Chemistry Development Kit), XDrawChem (based on OpenBabel), Chime, Jmol, Mol2mol and Discovery Studio fit into this category.

The Chemical MIME Project
"Chemical MIME" is a de facto approach for adding MIME types to chemical streams. This project started in January 1994, and was first announced during the Chemistry workshop at the First WWW International Conference, held at CERN in May 1994. ... The first version of an Internet draft was published during May–October 1994, and the second revised version during April–September 1995. A paper presented to the CPEP (Committee on Printed and Electronic Publications) at the IUPAC meeting in August 1996 is available for discussion. In 1998 the work was formally published in the JCIM.

 * {| class="wikitable"

! File extension ! MIME Type ! Proper Name ! Description
 * chemical/x-alchemy
 * Alchemy Format
 * chemical/x-cache-csf
 * CAChe MolStruct CSF
 * chemical/x-cactvs-binary
 * CACTVS format
 * chemical/x-cdx
 * ChemDraw eXchange file
 * chemical/x-cerius
 * MSI Cerius II format
 * chemical/x-chem3d
 * Chem3D Format
 * chemical/x-chemdraw
 * ChemDraw file
 * chemical/x-cif
 * Crystallographic Information File, Crystallographic Information Framework
 * Promulgated by the International Union of Crystallography
 * chemical/x-cmdf
 * CrystalMaker Data format
 * chemical/x-cml
 * Chemical Markup Language
 * XML based Chemical Markup Language.
 * chemical/x-compass
 * Compass program of the Takahashi
 * chemical/x-crossfire
 * Crossfire file
 * chemical/x-csml
 * Chemical Style Markup Language
 * chemical/x-ctx
 * Gasteiger group CTX file format
 * chemical/x-cxf
 * Chemical eXchange Format
 * chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide
 * EMBL Nucleotide Format
 * chemical/x-galactic-spc
 * SPC format for spectral and chromatographic data
 * chemical/x-gamess-input
 * GAMESS Input format
 * chemical/x-gaussian-checkpoint
 * Gaussian Checkpoint Format
 * chemical/x-gaussian-cube
 * Gaussian Cube (Wavefunction) Format
 * chemical/x-gaussian-input
 * Gaussian Input Format
 * chemical/x-gcg8-sequence
 * Protein Sequence Format
 * chemical/x-genbank
 * ToGenBank Format
 * chemical/x-isostar
 * IsoStar Library of Intermolecular Interactions
 * chemical/x-jcamp-dx
 * JCAMP Spectroscopic Data Exchange Format
 * chemical/x-kinemage
 * Kinetic (Protein Structure) Images; Kinemage
 * chemical/x-macmolecule
 * MacMolecule File Format
 * chemical/x-macromodel-input
 * MacroModel Molecular Mechanics
 * chemical/x-mdl-molfile
 * MDL Molfile
 * chemical/x-daylight-smiles
 * Simplified molecular input line entry specification
 * A line notation for molecules.
 * chemical/x-mdl-sdfile
 * Structure-Data File
 * chemical/x-sketchel
 * SketchEl Molecule
 * chemical/x-datasheet
 * SketchEl XML DataSheet
 * chemical/x-inchi
 * IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI)
 * chemical/x-jsdraw
 * JSDraw native file format
 * chemical/x-helm
 * Pistoia Alliance HELM string
 * A line notation for biological molecules
 * chemical/x-xhelm
 * Pistoia Alliance XHELM XML file
 * XML based HELM including monomer definitions
 * }
 * chemical/x-galactic-spc
 * SPC format for spectral and chromatographic data
 * chemical/x-gamess-input
 * GAMESS Input format
 * chemical/x-gaussian-checkpoint
 * Gaussian Checkpoint Format
 * chemical/x-gaussian-cube
 * Gaussian Cube (Wavefunction) Format
 * chemical/x-gaussian-input
 * Gaussian Input Format
 * chemical/x-gcg8-sequence
 * Protein Sequence Format
 * chemical/x-genbank
 * ToGenBank Format
 * chemical/x-isostar
 * IsoStar Library of Intermolecular Interactions
 * chemical/x-jcamp-dx
 * JCAMP Spectroscopic Data Exchange Format
 * chemical/x-kinemage
 * Kinetic (Protein Structure) Images; Kinemage
 * chemical/x-macmolecule
 * MacMolecule File Format
 * chemical/x-macromodel-input
 * MacroModel Molecular Mechanics
 * chemical/x-mdl-molfile
 * MDL Molfile
 * chemical/x-daylight-smiles
 * Simplified molecular input line entry specification
 * A line notation for molecules.
 * chemical/x-mdl-sdfile
 * Structure-Data File
 * chemical/x-sketchel
 * SketchEl Molecule
 * chemical/x-datasheet
 * SketchEl XML DataSheet
 * chemical/x-inchi
 * IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI)
 * chemical/x-jsdraw
 * JSDraw native file format
 * chemical/x-helm
 * Pistoia Alliance HELM string
 * A line notation for biological molecules
 * chemical/x-xhelm
 * Pistoia Alliance XHELM XML file
 * XML based HELM including monomer definitions
 * }
 * chemical/x-kinemage
 * Kinetic (Protein Structure) Images; Kinemage
 * chemical/x-macmolecule
 * MacMolecule File Format
 * chemical/x-macromodel-input
 * MacroModel Molecular Mechanics
 * chemical/x-mdl-molfile
 * MDL Molfile
 * chemical/x-daylight-smiles
 * Simplified molecular input line entry specification
 * A line notation for molecules.
 * chemical/x-mdl-sdfile
 * Structure-Data File
 * chemical/x-sketchel
 * SketchEl Molecule
 * chemical/x-datasheet
 * SketchEl XML DataSheet
 * chemical/x-inchi
 * IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI)
 * chemical/x-jsdraw
 * JSDraw native file format
 * chemical/x-helm
 * Pistoia Alliance HELM string
 * A line notation for biological molecules
 * chemical/x-xhelm
 * Pistoia Alliance XHELM XML file
 * XML based HELM including monomer definitions
 * }
 * chemical/x-sketchel
 * SketchEl Molecule
 * chemical/x-datasheet
 * SketchEl XML DataSheet
 * chemical/x-inchi
 * IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI)
 * chemical/x-jsdraw
 * JSDraw native file format
 * chemical/x-helm
 * Pistoia Alliance HELM string
 * A line notation for biological molecules
 * chemical/x-xhelm
 * Pistoia Alliance XHELM XML file
 * XML based HELM including monomer definitions
 * }
 * chemical/x-jsdraw
 * JSDraw native file format
 * chemical/x-helm
 * Pistoia Alliance HELM string
 * A line notation for biological molecules
 * chemical/x-xhelm
 * Pistoia Alliance XHELM XML file
 * XML based HELM including monomer definitions
 * }
 * Pistoia Alliance HELM string
 * A line notation for biological molecules
 * chemical/x-xhelm
 * Pistoia Alliance XHELM XML file
 * XML based HELM including monomer definitions
 * }
 * XML based HELM including monomer definitions
 * }

Support
For Linux/Unix, configuration files are available as a "chemical-mime-data" package in .deb, RPM and tar.gz formats to register chemical MIME types on a web server. Programs can then register as viewer, editor or processor for these formats so that full support for chemical MIME types is available.

Sources of chemical data
Here is a short list of sources of freely available molecular data. There are many more resources than listed here out there on the Internet. Links to these sources are given in the references below.

 * 1) The US National Institute of Health PubChem database is a huge source of chemical data. All of the data is in two-dimensions. Data includes SDF, SMILES, PubChem XML, and PubChem ASN1 formats.
 * 2) The worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) is an excellent source of protein and nucleic acid molecular coordinate data. The data is three-dimensional and provided in Protein Data Bank (PDB) format.
 * 3) is a commercial database for molecular data.  The data includes a two-dimensional structure diagram and a smiles string for each compound.   supports fast substructure searching based on parts of the molecular structure.
 * 4) ChemExper is a commercial data base for molecular data. The search results include a two-dimensional structure diagram and a mole file for many compounds.
 * 5) New York University Library of 3-D Molecular Structures.
 * 6) The US Environmental Protection Agency's The Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database Network is a project of EPA's Computational Toxicology Program. The database provides SDF molecular files with a focus on carcinogenic and otherwise toxic substances.

title: Chemical file format


text:
Talk:Chocolate fountain

This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Chocolate fountain. The consensus was to keep it. dbenbenn | talk 18:56, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The "History" section needs some heavy editing, it reads like a mix of an advert and the sort of puff you put in a covering letter when applying for a job! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.129.154.30 (talk) 11:33, 1 August 2014 (UTC)

This reference seems controversial so I'll put it here: chocolate fountains faq Note that the point of references is so that people can check facts. Kappa 08:37, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I posted a link to Chocolate Fountain Newcastle along with a picture. The picture was aproved but the link kept being removed. Im new to wiki, are my external links not allowed?
 * Please see External_links for the guidelines, commercial links are not used. .:.Jareth.:. babelfish 18:46, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

As someone that owns several chocolate fondue fountains and has operated them, I'd really like to contribute to this section. I understand Wikipedia's policies and I'm not here to spam but I do want to contribute. I just posted a link to a, a chocolate fountain rental directory that is free, contains information about all of the USA, and has no advertisements. Why is that link not allowed?

To further that, the one link in the article is a commercial link and far from the best resource on the subject. talk

Manufacturer links
At present there are links to 11 manufacturers, only a few of which offer appreciable information on them (per the expand-section tag someone added). It doesn't seem like this many links are needed. I'd suggest simply removing them all: a search engine can provide this information if someone wants to find such a webpage and if a manufacturer is notable they should get their own page here. Some of these manufacturers don't even specialize in chocolate fountains as best I can tell (e.g. Giles & Postner and Rival) and others just seem to be advertisements (the most recently added ones). digfarenough (talk) 22:40, 17 March 2007 (UTC)
 * There is clear Wikipedia policy against having a section that serves as a directory. I have removed it from the article. - SCEhard T 04:59, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

Viscosity and vegetable oil
I've added a note to the article, to the effect that the viscosity problem especially affects smaller fountains. As a personal experience (and therefore probably not encyclopedic), I'd add that milk chocolate, sufficiently thinned with vegetable oil tastes absolutely revolting. I have one of these machines, and it is great if you treat it like an enhanced chocolate-fondue, rather than as a table-decoration. My advice is to abandon any attempt to make the fluid flow smoothly, and use chocolate which tastes good. Unmodified 70% cocoa Lindt works very well, especially with something extremely sweet and juicy, such as pineapple. The flow may be somewhat gloopy, but you'll prefer the taste! RichardNeill (talk) 01:03, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on the Main Page
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title: Talk:Chocolate fountain