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Southwestern Ontario

Southwestern Ontario (census population 2,796,367 in 2021) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It occupies most of the Ontario Peninsula bounded by Lake Huron, including Georgian Bay, to the north and northwest; the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River, to the west; and Lake Erie to the south. To the east, on land, Southwestern Ontario is bounded by Central Ontario and the Golden Horseshoe.

Definitions
Southwestern Ontario is often not consistently defined. The Government of Ontario, in certain documents, classifies municipalities along the eastern side of Southwestern Ontario near the Grand River, including Wellington County, Waterloo Region, and Brant County, as part of the Greater Golden Horseshoe region that surrounds western Lake Ontario, mainly due to the presence of modern transportation connections that link these areas to the core sections of the Golden Horseshoe. A more traditional definition of the region boundary can be traced back to early colonial districts in the British Province of Quebec and Upper Canada. The Western District, originally known as the Hesse District from 1788 to 1792, was originally designated as everything west of a north-south line intersecting the extreme projection of Long Point into Lake Erie, which roughly follows the eastern boundaries of modern Grey, Dufferin, Wellington, Brant, and Norfolk Counties.

The northern portion of Southwestern Ontario is sometimes referred to as Midwestern Ontario. This area includes Perth, Huron, Wellington, Dufferin, Bruce, and Grey Counties, corresponding roughly with the historical boundaries of Queen's Bush, an area of crown land that did not see formal subdivision or wide-scale settlement until the 1830s.

History
Indigenous peoples had occupied Southwestern Ontario for thousands of years prior to European settlement. Archaeological sites such as the Princess Point Complex and the Parkhill Complex indicate the presence of Paleo-Indians in the area dating back approximately 11,000 years. First Nations peoples located in the region included Anishinaabe, Algonquin, Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), and Wendat peoples.

Initial European settlement and colonization of the region occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries by the French as part of the colony of Canada within New France. The oldest continually-inhabited European settlement in Southwestern Ontario is Windsor, which originated as a southerly extension of the settlement of Fort Detroit in 1701 and was established as la Petite Côte in 1749. Further development occurred under the British as part of the Province of Quebec from 1763 to 1791, and eventually the Province of Upper Canada from 1791 to 1841. One of the earliest British settlements, Port Talbot, was settled by Thomas Talbot in 1803, and was amongst the first successful settlements due to the construction of Talbot Trail, one of the earliest major roads in the region. Kitchener, originally known as Ebytown and later Berlin, was established by German Mennonite and Pennsylvania Dutch settlers in 1807, after sections of the Haldimand Tract were purchased from the Six Nations in 1798. London, originally called Georgiana upon its selection in 1793 as the potential site of the future capital of Upper Canada, was formally founded in 1826 by John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada. Guelph was founded in 1827 by John Galt as a headquarters for the Canada Company. Many other cities in the region did not see major settlement until the mid-19th century, when agricultural expansion was occurring. During the early-to-mid 19th century, the region was the northern terminus of the Underground Railroad for enslaved African Americans seeking escape from the United States. Thousands of slaves escaped to the region, settling and owning farms in areas such as Essex County, Chatham-Kent, and Queen's Bush. The region's economy was predominantly focused on agriculture until the late 19th century, when industrialization of the region began to occur. Southwestern Ontario emerged as an ideal location for manufacturing due to the presence of cheap and abundant hydroelectric power sourced from the nearby Niagara Falls, and eventually became Canada's manufacturing heartland, which attracted multiple heavy industrial sectors, including automotive manufacturing, chemical production, petrochemical refinement and transport, and food processing. Automotive manufacturing is central to the regional economy, with major active automotive plants being located in Windsor, London, Ingersoll, Woodstock, and Cambridge. The 2008 Financial Crisis disproportionately impacted this sector and caused a large number of plants to shut down across the region in the following years. The 2020s saw a widespread resurgence in industrial development, predominantly due to the comparative lack of available land for development and fast-rising property prices in the Golden Horseshoe. Multiple large investments in electric vehicle production were also made in the region in the 2020s, and resulted in the establishment of multiple plants for battery production in Windsor and St. Thomas.

Separated Municipalities

 * City of Brantford
 * City of Guelph
 * City of London
 * City of Owen Sound
 * Pelee Township
 * City of Sarnia
 * Town of St. Marys
 * City of St. Thomas
 * City of Stratford
 * Town of Tillsonburg
 * City of Windsor
 * City of Woodstock

Regional Municipalities

 * Oxford County
 * Waterloo Region

Single-Tier Municipalities

 * County of Brant
 * Chatham-Kent
 * Norfolk County

Counties

 * Bruce County
 * Dufferin County
 * Elgin County
 * Essex County
 * Grey County
 * Huron County
 * Lambton County
 * Middlesex County
 * Perth County
 * Wellington County

Geography
Southwestern Ontario is located within the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone (as classified by Environment and Climate Change Canada, further subclassified into the Lake Erie Lowland and Manitoulin-Lake Simcoe regions), which largely consists of glacial till and glaciolacustrine sand/silt/clay plains underlain by sedimentary limestone, dolostone, siltstone, sandstone, and shale bedrock, with pockets of evaporite gypsum and salt beds. Bedrock is rarely exposed in the region, with the exception being the Bruce Peninsula. The vast majority of Southwestern Ontario maintains a relatively flat geography with rolling hills, with the exception of areas near the Niagara Escarpment in Bruce and Grey Counties, where exposed limestone cliff faces can be seen along the shores of Georgian Bay. Sandier soils are generally located near Lake Erie, resulting in the creation of a sandy escarpment along the entire north shore, in addition to many sandspit peninsulas, including Point Pelee in Essex County, Pointe aux Pins (Rondeau) in Chatham-Kent, and Long Point in Norfolk County. Pelee Island, the southernmost populated area in Canada, is located south of Point Pelee in Lake Erie.

Southwestern Ontario was originally covered by vast forests prior to agricultural development in the region. Two forest regions are located in Southwestern Ontario; Carolinian forest, located predominantly along Lake Erie and the southern tip of Lake Huron, and Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest, located around Lake Huron and Georgian Bay. A very small percentage of forest coverage areas remain in the region due to extensive agricultural development and urbanization, but conservation efforts are underway to preserve and/or protect these forests. Three major federally protected areas, Point Pelee National Park, Bruce Peninsula National Park, and Long Point National Wildlife Area, are located in Southwestern Ontario. In 2021, the federal government announced plans to designate a new National Urban Park in Windsor's Ojibway Prairie Complex. The Carolinian forest zone is Canada's smallest forest zone, but it is home to a very high biodiversity of species due to it being one of the warmest regions in the country. Over 500 rare and/or endangered species are located in this region and is estimated to contain around 25% of Canada's species at risk, including the American badger, Midland painted turtle, Jefferson salamander, monarch butterfly, and southern flying squirrel.

Climate
Southwestern Ontario's climate is heavily influenced by the proximity of the Great Lakes. Winters in the region are typically milder than the rest of Ontario due to the gradual release of stored heat in the lakes. Despite this, however, portions of the region experience significantly more snow than others due to lake-effect snow caused by eastward winds. A portion of the regional Snowbelt is located in Bruce, Grey, Huron, and Middlesex Counties. In a sharp contrast, Essex County and Chatham-Kent receive less snow than average due to their location further south. Summers are typically hot and humid, with Windsor experiencing the warmest weather in Ontario. Summers are often cooler and less humid on the peninsulas in Lake Erie and Lake Huron. Southwestern Ontario also experiences the highest annual frequency of thunderstorms in Canada, with Windsor, Chatham-Kent, and London experiencing the most days on average with lightning per year. Southwestern Ontario also regularly experiences severe weather events, including tornadoes, due to its proximity to the Great Lakes and warmer-than-average weather during the summer.

Under the Köppen climate classification, the vast majority of Southwestern Ontario has a humid continental climate, with a large portion of the area experiencing a warm-summer Dfb climate, with the exception of Windsor and Chatham-Kent, which experiences a hot-summer Dfa climate. Additionally, a very small area near Long Point experiences a temperate oceanic Cfb climate, due to its location in Lake Erie creating slightly cooler summers and slightly warmer winters than the remainder of the province.

Agriculture
Southwestern Ontario has historically been a strong centre for Canadian agricultural production, given the abundance of arable land and warmer climate that provides for a longer growing season than the rest of the country. Most of the land area in the region is used for agriculture. Common crops grown in the region include sweet corn, soybean, winter wheat, and canola. Tobacco was also historically grown in the tobacco belt, centred on the towns of Delhi, Aylmer, and Tillsonburg in Elgin, Oxford, and Norfolk Counties from the 1920s until the early 2000s, when Ontario bought out the tobacco quotas of most farms in the region in 2008 for $300,000,000 CAD. While some tobacco farms still remain, most have switched to alternative crops, including specialty crops like ginseng, hazelnut, and mushrooms. Fruits such as blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, gourds, apples, and tomatoes are also grown in the region. Cattle ranching is also another important agricultural industry in Southwestern Ontario, with dairy and beef farming, standardbred horse breeding and training, sheep, poultry, and pig farming being common. The dairy and cheesemaking industry in Southwestern Ontario has been predominantly concentrated in Oxford, Perth, and Wellington Counties, with the region accounting for approximately 56% of Ontario's milk production as of 2020. Sugar bushes for maple syrup production also have a modest presence in the region.

A strong commercial greenhouse sector has also emerged in the region, centred predominantly on the towns of Leamington and Kingsville in Essex County, which boast the largest concentration of commercial greenhouses in North America, made viable due to the presence of sandy soils, low energy costs, and mild winters. Crops such as tomatoes, cucumbers, bell peppers, berries, flowers, and cannabis are grown year-round in these greenhouses, providing a domestic source of out-of-season crops throughout Canada in the winter.

The region is also a centre for wine production. While the majority of wine production in Ontario is currently located in the Niagara Region and Prince Edward County, a wine appellation designated by the Vinters Quality Alliance (VQA), the regulatory system for wine in Ontario and British Columbia, is located on the Lake Erie north shore and Pelee Island in Essex County. Additionally, the VQA recognizes additional emerging wine regions located in Norfolk County, Georgian Bay, and Lake Huron east shore.

Energy
The energy sector is a major industry in Southwestern Ontario. Energy production in the region is sourced from a mixture of nuclear, hydroelectric, wind, solar, and natural gas sources. The bulk of energy production in the region is produced by the Bruce Nuclear Generating Station in Kincardine. The plant is the second largest nuclear generating station in the world. The plant began operation in 1971 and currently has a generating capacity of 6,550 MW spread across 8 CANDU PHWR reactors. It is anticipated to eventually reach a generating capacity of 7,000 MW through uprates achieved as a result of an ongoing reactor refurbishment program. In 2023, the Ontario government announced plans to expand the plant's generating capacity by an additional 4,800 MW to meet growing energy demands in the province. Additional energy production is supplemented by wind, solar, and hydroelectric power. Large-scale wind turbine fields are located predominantly in Essex County, Chatham-Kent, and Lambton County. Belwood Lake, Conestogo Lake, Fanshawe Lake, Guelph Lake, Pittock Reservoir, and Wildwood Lake are all artificial reservoirs created for local hydroelectric production.

The petrochemical and oil/natural gas industry also has a long history in the region. Oil was initially discovered in Canada in 1858, when the first oil well was advanced in Oil Springs, located in Lambton County. However, oil and petrochemicals did not play a significant role in the regional economy until the large-scale development of oil deposits in Alberta in the 1930s and after World War II, when the first large-scale oil refineries were built in Sarnia. Oil was originally shipped by tankers through the Great Lakes from Superior, Wisconsin until the 1953 expansion of the Enbridge pipeline system into Sarnia. Today, Sarnia is home to 3 major oil refineries owned by Suncor, Imperial Oil, and Shell Canada. An additional refinery owned by Imperial Oil is located in Nanticoke. These refineries collectively supply much of the province's fuel demand, in addition to providing feedstocks for the chemical industry. Additionally, smaller-scale oil and natural gas development is common in rural Ontario, with small shale oil pools and natural gas deposits being found in local sedimentary bedrock. Shale oil pools are commonly found in Essex County, Chatham-Kent, and Lambton County, where small oil wells can often be seen operating on farms. Natural gas deposits are largely found and exploited along the Lake Erie north shore and under the Lake Erie lake bed.

The chemical industry also has a strong presence in Sarnia, to the point that the area including Sarnia and St. Clair Township is colloquially known as Chemical Valley. The chemical industry has its origins around the same time as the oil industry, during World War II, when tropical sources of natural latex for rubber production were being threatened. The federal government designated Sarnia as the area where synthetic petroleum-based rubbers would be developed for use in the allied war effort. Over time, various chemical companies, including Bayer and NOVA Chemicals, have built many facilities in the region for the production of various chemicals, including plastics, paints, lubricants, food additives, cosmetics, rubbers, and other chemicals. The presence of local underground salt beds resulted in a readily-available supply of brine and chlorine, which has aided the ease of production of chemicals locally.

Manufacturing and Processing
Southwestern Ontario's economy and political identity is heavily rooted in the manufacturing industry. Proximity to heavy industry in the United States Rust Belt, predominantly Detroit, and the nearby location of hydroelectric power sources in Niagara Falls provided a foundation for allowing the region to emerge as Canada's manufacturing heartland.

Automotive manufacturing is a major component of the regional manufacturing sector. The Canadian automotive industry first emerged in Windsor and Chatham-Kent in the early 20th century, with the first large-scale automotive plant in Canada being opened in Walkerville in 1904 by the Ford Motor Company of Canada. Early domestic automotive brands in Canada were based in Windsor and Chatham-Kent, including Brooks, Gray-Dort, and Hyslop and Ronald, but were eventually dominated by the American automotive companies such as Chrysler, Ford, General Motors, and Studebaker. Production increases during World War I and World War II allowed the industry to grow significantly, at one point making Canada the second largest automotive manufacturer globally, exporting predominantly to other countries within the British Empire. The Canadian and United States automotive industries were eventually integrated with the signing of the APTA in 1965, which reduced cross-border tariffs and production inefficiencies in Canada, resulting an increase in motor vehicle exports to the United States and domestic parts production, but came at the cost of the decline of domestic automotive brands and consolidation of plants. The signing of NAFTA in 1994 with the United States and Mexico further integrated automotive production across North America, leading to further decline of the automotive sector in Southwestern Ontario. The modern regional automotive industry has multiple large-scale plants in the region, in addition to numerous smaller automotive parts manufacturers/suppliers. The following large automotive plants are currently active or under construction in the region (as of 2024):

 * CAMI, General Motors Canada, founded in 1989 in Ingersoll;
 * Essex Engine, Ford Motor Company of Canada, founded in 1981 in Windsor;
 * Formet, Magna International, founded in 1998 in St. Thomas;
 * GDLS-C, General Dynamics Land Systems, founded in 1950 in London;
 * NextStar Battery Plant, LG/Stellantis Canada, under construction in Windsor;
 * Polycon, Magna International, founded in 1988 in Guelph;
 * St. Thomas Battery Plant, Volkswagen Group, under construction in St. Thomas;
 * TMMC North, Toyota Canada, founded in 1985 in Cambridge;
 * TMMC South, Toyota Canada, founded in 1988 in Woodstock;
 * Windsor Assembly, Stellantis Canada, founded in 1928 in Windsor;
 * Windsor Engine, Ford Motor Company of Canada, founded in 1923 in Windsor.

Food and beverage processing also has a significant regional presence, owing to the strong agricultural industry. Major food products processed in Southwestern Ontario include refined grains, tomato paste, sauces, condiments, meat products, canned foods, dairy products, parcooked foods, rendered products, and dietary supplements. Major plants include Cargill in London, Maple Leaf in Brantford, London, Guelph, and New Hamburg, Highbury Canco in Leamington, Bonduelle in Tecumseh, Ferrero in Brantford, and Jamieson in Windsor.

Beer and liquor production was a major historical industry in the region. Windsor was an important location for production during Prohibition in the United States, where alcohol was smuggled across the Detroit River. Multiple large breweries and distilleries are located in Southwestern Ontario, in addition to a large number of small craft brewers, distillers, and local wineries. The following are located in the region (as of 2024):

 * Crown Royal Distillery, Diageo, to be constructed in St. Clair Township;
 * Formosa Springs Brewery, Independent, founded in 1870 in Formosa;
 * Hiram Walker & Sons Distillery (Canadian Club), Suntory Global Spirits, founded in 1858 in Windsor;
 * Labatt Brewery, AB InBev, founded in 1847 in London;
 * Sleeman Brewery, Sapporo Breweries, founded in 1988 in Guelph;
 * Waterloo Brewing Company, Carlsberg Group, founded in 1984 in Kitchener.

Roads
The vast majority of the primary vehicular traffic network in Southwestern Ontario is served mainly by the controlled-access 400-series highways. Highway 401, the main highway in the network, starts in Windsor at the terminus of the under-construction Gordie Howe International Bridge and runs northeast to Waterloo Region, where it continues northeast through the Golden Horseshoe and Eastern Ontario. Highway 402, another major highway, runs east from the United States border with Michigan in Sarnia to London, where it connects with Highway 401 in southern London. Highway 403 connects with Highway 401 in Woodstock and runs east toward Brantford, where it continues toward Hamilton and the Greater Toronto Area. Additional major provincial highways in the region include Highway 3, Highway 4, Highway 6, Highway 7, Highway 8, Highway 10, and Highway 85.

Additionally, the cities of Windsor and London have municipally-owned expressways. E.C. Row Expressway is a fully grade-separated freeway running east-west through Windsor, formerly known as Highway 2. Veteran's Memorial Parkway is a limited-access highway running north-south through London, formerly known as Highway 100. Dougall Avenue is a road in Windsor with a small section of freeway running north from Highway 401, formerly known as Highway 3B. Highbury Avenue is a road that runs from St. Thomas to London, with a small section of freeway running north from Highway 401, formerly known as Highway 126.

Southwestern Ontario also has multiple road connections with the United States. These include the Ambassador Bridge in Windsor, the Bluewater Bridge in Sarnia, and the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel that runs from downtown Detroit to downtown Windsor. A new bridge crossing, the Gordie Howe International Bridge, is currently under construction and slated to open in 2025, and is meant to serve as a direct freeway-to-freeway connection between Highway 401 and E.C. Row in Windsor and Interstate 75 in Detroit.

Rail
Via Rail operates inter-regional passenger train service on the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, in Windsor-London-Toronto and Sarnia-London-Toronto configurations, running both on the northern route through Stratford and Kitchener, and the southern route through Woodstock and Brantford. GO Transit also operates inter-regional commuter rail in the region, currently limited to as far west as Waterloo Region on the Kitchener Line. In fall 2021, the provincial government announced a pilot program extending GO commuter rail service to London through Stratford and St. Mary's, but this service was discontinued in fall of 2023 due to poor ridership and travel times along the corridor. As of 2024, the provincial government and Waterloo Region are planning for an extension of GO rail service into Cambridge. Only one municipality in Southwestern Ontario, Waterloo Region, currently has a rail-based transit system in operation. This transit system is known as the iON LRT and runs from Waterloo to Kitchener. A southern extension of this rail line into Cambridge is currently being planned.

Freight rail in the region is dominated by CN Rail and CPKC, the two major cross-national Canadian rail companies. Smaller railway companies operating in the region include Essex Terminal Railway, Goderich-Exeter Railway, Ontario Southland Railway, Southern Ontario Railway, and Waterloo Central Railway.

Waterways
Southwestern Ontario has two major ports, located in Goderich and Windsor, that service cargo ships as part of the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway system. The Port of Goderich is predominantly used for the export of salt from the Goderich Salt Mine, but also moves grain and calcium chloride. The Port of Windsor is significantly more developed and is the third-busiest Great Lakes port, behind the ports in Hamilton and Thunder Bay. The port of Windsor moves a wider variety of cargo including aggregates, salt, grain, fertilizer, lumber, steel, petroleum, vehicles and machinery. Minor ports are also located in Sarnia, Kingsville, Owen Sound, and Nanticoke.

The Owen Sound Transportation Company currently operates passenger ferry services connecting Leamington to Pelee Island, and Tobermory to Manitoulin Island in Northern Ontario.

Airports
Southwestern Ontario is home to three major airports; Region of Waterloo International Airport (YKF), London International Airport (YXU), and Windsor International Airport (YQG), in addition to multiple minor airports in various smaller communities, such as Sarnia Chris Hadfield Airport (YZR) and St. Thomas Municipal Airport (YQS). The three major airports predominantly offer limited international flights (mainly to vacation destinations such as the United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean) on a seasonal basis, in addition to some select all-season routes to other Canadian cities. All airports also offer frequent connecting flights to Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ), usually via Air Canada.

Education
Southwestern Ontario has multiple tertiary education institutions in the form of both universities and colleges. Two universities, University of Waterloo and University of Western Ontario, are part of the U15 Group, the association of Canada's dominant research universities.

Universities

 * University of Guelph, founded in 1964 in Guelph;
 * Ontario Agricultural College, founded in 1874 in Guelph and 1922 in Ridgetown;
 * University of Waterloo, founded in 1959 in Waterloo;
 * University of Waterloo Stratford, founded in 2009 in Stratford;
 * University of Western Ontario, founded in 1878 in London;
 * Brescia University College, founded in 1919 in London;
 * Huron University College, founded in 1863 in London;
 * King's University College, founded in 1954 in London;
 * University of Windsor, founded in 1962 in Windsor;
 * Assumption University, founded in 1857 in Windsor;
 * Wilfrid Laurier University, founded in 1911 in Waterloo;
 * Laurier Brantford, founded in 1999 in Brantford.

Colleges

 * Conestoga College, founded in 1967 in Kitchener;
 * Additional campuses in Brantford, Cambridge, Guelph, Ingersoll, Stratford, and Waterloo;
 * Fanshawe College, founded in 1967 in London;
 * Additional campuses in Clinton, Kincardine, Simcoe, St. Thomas, and Woodstock;
 * Lambton College, founded in 1969 in Sarnia;
 * St. Clair College, founded in 1966 in Windsor;
 * Additional campus in Chatham-Kent.

Language
The accent/dialect in the region, Southwestern Ontario English, is distinct from the rest of Ontario. The region also has a small Francophone population, predominantly located around the Windsor area, owing to the region's historical roots in French colonization.

Identity and Politics
Local identity is heavily rooted in historical industries like agriculture and automotive manufacturing, as well as proximity to the Great Lakes. Sections of Southwestern Ontario are occasionally referred to as Bluewater Country. This is predominantly used to refer to the areas surrounding Lake Huron, but is also used in areas around Lake Erie, to a lesser extent. Multiple locations and roads carry this moniker, including the Municipality of Bluewater (located in Huron County), the Blue Water Bridge and Bluewater Trail System in Sarnia, and Ontario Highway 21 (informally being referred to as the Bluewater Highway due to its route along the shore of Lake Huron).

Southwestern Ontario's political sentiments have largely been influenced by its historical position as Canada's manufacturing heartland. The cities of Windsor, London, and Waterloo Region have historically been political strongholds for both the provincial and federal New Democratic Party, owing to all three having historically been major centres for the manufacturing industry, and subsequently having large proportions of a unionized workforce, which the NDP's policies have historically favoured. Rural segments of the region have historically voted consistently for both the provincial Progressive Conservative party and federal Conservative Party of Canada. In wake of the 2008 Financial Crisis, the manufacturing industry suffered significant decline, particularly in the automotive industry. The decline and subsequent economic stagnation over the following decade resulted in the emergence of populist and protectionist political attitudes in cities like Windsor and London, holding the strongest such attitudes in Canada, ranking amongst Prairie cities like Regina, Saskatoon, Edmonton, and Calgary.

Sports
Southwestern Ontario has never been the home of any professional sports franchises from the contemporary "Big Six" leagues (MLB, NBA, NFL, NHL, MLS, and CFL), with the exception of the NHL's Detroit Cougars (now the Detroit Red Wings) in 1926-1927, when they played at the Border Cities Arena (now Windsor Arena) in Windsor for a singular season while the Detroit Olympia was under construction. Multiple cities historically hosted professional hockey teams from the OPHL in the early 20th century who competed for the Stanley Cup prior to the formation of the NHL in 1917, including the Berlin Dutchmen (who challenged the Montreal Wanderers for the Cup in 1910), Brantford Indians, Galt Professionals (who challenged the Ottawa Senators for the Cup in 1909 and 1911), Guelph Royals, and Waterloo Colts. The region has also historically hosted multiple Canadian football teams that competed for the Grey Cup prior to the formation of the CFL in 1958, including the Brantford Redskins, Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen, London Lords, Sarnia Imperials (2-time Grey Cup champions in 1934 and 1936), and Windsor Royals of the Ontario Rugby Football Union.

The combined London-Kitchener TV market, as of 2023, is the fourth largest media market in Canada, and the largest in Canada without representation from a "Big Six" professional team. Various additional professional teams currently and have formerly existed in lower-tier professional leagues in the region, with the only current active professional teams being basketball teams in the Basketball Super League, and semi-professional baseball and soccer teams in the Intercounty Baseball League and League1 Ontario, respectively. Major junior hockey is a major fixture of the sporting landscape in the region, with all major cities hosting OHL teams. Southwestern Ontario teams regularly experience high attendance, with the London Knights and Kitchener Rangers regularly boasting the highest attendance in the league. In the late 2000s, former BlackBerry co-CEO Jim Balsillie made three unsuccessful attempts to purchase and move an NHL franchise to Southern Ontario, with planned destinations being either Kitchener or Hamilton; in 2006 with the Pittsburgh Penguins, in 2007 with the Nashville Predators, and in 2009 with the Arizona Coyotes.

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Talk:Power Geyser

Is there actually any purpose to this article other than smearing the President? That seems to be about half of the subject matter of this thing.

On another subject... it's an amusing coincidence that this project, or whatever you want to call it, shares the name with a fighting game move.

Noticed that too... Power Geyser is a move from Fatal Fury´s Terry Bogard.

Articles for Deletion debate
This article survived an Articles for Deletion debate. The discussion can be found here. -Splash talk 17:29, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

I removed the speculation that the unit may be unconstitutional, because it appears completely unfounded. I also removed speculation that it may violate Posse Comitatus; there are many legitimate functions for a military unit within the US, and there's no evidence that Power Geyser (if it exists) is doing anything illegal. I'm also removing two of the sources cited; according to this NYT article, Power Geyser was first publicly mentioned in a website relating to a 2005 book by William Arkin. Two of the sources in the Sources section predated the NYT article by at least six months. They seem to be there to justify previous versions of the article which made a point to flame President Bush.--VAcharon 07:11, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Power Geyser


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text: Category:Motorola

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Hidden track

In the field of recorded music, a hidden track (sometimes called a ghost track, secret track or unlisted track) is a song or a piece of audio that has been placed on a CD, audio cassette, LP record, or other recorded medium, in such a way as to avoid detection by the casual listener. In some cases, the piece of music may simply have been left off the track listing, while in other cases, more elaborate methods are used. In rare cases, a 'hidden track' is actually the result of an error that occurred during the mastering stage production of the recorded media. However, since the rise of digital and streaming services such as iTunes and Spotify in the late 2000s and early 2010s, the inclusion of hidden tracks has declined on studio albums.

It is occasionally unclear whether a piece of music is 'hidden.' For example, "Her Majesty," which is preceded by fourteen seconds of silence, was originally unlisted on The Beatles' Abbey Road but is listed on current versions of the album. That song and others push the definition of the term, causing a lack of consensus on what is considered a hidden track. Alternatively, such things are instead labeled as vague audio experiments, errors, or simply an integral part of an adjacent song on the record.

Techniques
A vinyl record may be double-grooved, with the second groove containing the hidden tracks. Examples of double-grooving include Monty Python's 'three-sided' Matching Tie and Handkerchief, Tool's Opiate EP, and Mr. Bungle's Disco Volante.

With the invention of digital media and compact discs, alternative methods for hiding unlisted tracks were conceived. With a similar aim of concealment, unlisted tracks are sometimes given their own separate index point on digital media. Songs can be placed in the pregap of the first track of certain CD formats, so that the CD must first be cued to the track, and then manually back-scanned. These are often referred to as Track 0 or Hidden Track One Audio (HTOA). A CD player will not play these tracks without manual intervention, and some models (including many computer operating systems) are unable to read such content. On Super Furry Animals' Guerrilla, "The Citizens Band" is found in the pre-gap approximately five minutes before the beginning of track one. A glossary of terms used in the song's lyrics is printed on the interior of the cardboard outer sleeve of the CD. This essentially renders them inaccessible without taking the sleeve apart, hiding the glossary in a parallel way to the song itself.

A less concealed method is to place the song at the end of another track, typically the last track on the album, following a period of silence. For example, Nirvana's song "Endless, Nameless" was included as a hidden track in this way on their 1991 CD Nevermind, after 10 minutes of complete silence within the track listed as the final song. Although it was not the first hidden song to use this technique, it gained significant attention. Similarly, short tracks of silence can be layered before the hidden track plays. On Lazlo Bane's debut album, 11 Transistor, the eleventh song is followed by 57 silent tracks, each four seconds in duration, with "Prada Wallet" (sometimes referred to as "The Birthday Song") being the 69th track on the album. The total length of silence between the two songs is 3:48.

It is possible for a track to be playable only through a computer, such as the '15th' track on Marilyn Manson's Mechanical Animals album, which can only be accessed through an Enhanced CD executable.

There are yet-deeper ways a track can be hidden. A "ghost" track can be subtly mixed to play concurrently with other, dominant audio, or heavily distorted in a way which must be undone to be played. For example, on a DVD included with the deluxe and 'ultra-deluxe' editions of Nine Inch Nails' Ghosts I–IV, two hidden bonus tracks ("37 Ghosts" and "38 Ghosts") are included as digital multitrack files, from which the songs may be reconstructed.

Reasoning

 * Aaliyah's self-titled album Aaliyah features the hidden song "Messed Up" on track 15. During the stages of the album creation, Aaliyah had no desire to put this song on the album, but after numerous inquiries from different labels and colleagues, she settled on making it a hidden track.
 * In some rare cases, it is used to avoid legal issues. An example is Ramones' Loco Live American version, which has the song "Carbona Not Glue" hidden after Pet Sematary on track 17. It was originally recorded on their album Leave Home, but the makers of the spot remover Carbona, a registered trademark, objected. Therefore, reference to the song was removed from the album and cover.
 * "Freedom" by Paul McCartney was a hidden track on the original release of Driving Rain. It was later added as a track on the re-release. The track was not meant to be hidden; it was a tribute to 9/11 victims, and McCartney wanted it on the album. The artwork was already finalised, so there was no choice but to make it a hidden track.
 * "Train in Vain" by The Clash, which appears at the end of London Calling, was left out of the vinyl's track listing simply because it was a last-minute addition to the album, when the sleeves were already printed. It is thus not a real hidden track. It was originally intended as a promotional giveaway for NME. The later CD versions list the track on the sleeve.
 * Green Day's "All By Myself" (by drummer Tré Cool) was added as a secret song to Dookie due to the low sound quality of the original live recording.
 * "Weird Al" Yankovic's "Bite Me" from the album Off the Deep End was put on after ten minutes of silence to scare listeners who had forgotten to turn off the CD player. It was also a loose parody of "Endless, Nameless" by Nirvana. The cover of Off the Deep End is also a parody of the album containing that track, Nevermind, and its first track is a parody of that album's first track, "Smells Like Teen Spirit".
 * The X-Files: The Album features a hidden track at 10 minutes and 13 seconds into the final track. The track consists of series creator Chris Carter explaining the series mythology and meaning behind the alien conspiracy. The hidden track even includes spoilers and minute details about the show's overall plot that had not yet been resolved on the show itself when the album was released. This track was included as both a surprise to devoted fans who would seek out answers in cross-promotional merchandise, and as a mystery to new fans who would need to watch the show more closely to better understand the track.
 * Eugene Mirman's album The Absurd Night Club Comedy of Eugene Mirman includes a hidden track making fun of hidden tracks, and telling the listener that they have a very bizarre mission.
 * The Jam's All Mod Cons does not list the song "English Rose" and its lyrics on original vinyl copies because Paul Weller believed the title and song would lose meaning without accompanying music. They have been added to re-releases of the album.
 * Skip Spence's "Land of the Sun" was included as a hidden track by producer Bill Bentley to specifically close a tribute album to Spence, More Oar: A Tribute to the Skip Spence Album.
 * Oasis' compilation album Time Flies features the single "Sunday Morning Call" as a hidden track. The album was an anthology of all of the band's singles, but principal songwriter Noel Gallagher openly detests the song, so chose to have it hidden.
 * 311's Transistor album contains an instrumental intro track that was performed on their 1996 tour, often referred to as the “Transistor Intro.”

Notable hidden tracks
Some hidden tracks are historically significant, have become well known and even occasionally received radio airplay and climbed the charts.
 * The Beatles' track "Her Majesty" from their 1969 album Abbey Road is considered a hidden track. It was originally a part of the medley on side two of the album, before Paul McCartney requested that it be removed; the engineer who edited it out of the rough mix placed it after the medley to preserve it, and when the Beatles heard it there, they decided to place it there on the album. The original pressings of Abbey Road did not list "Her Majesty" on the back cover song title listing, nor the record label; subsequent LP pressings and then CD issues were issued revealing the track. However, two years prior, in 1967, on the UK version of the Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album, there was the "inner groove" that appeared after "A Day in the Life" at the end of side two. It was an unexpected, untitled, and un-credited Beatles recording; so this might be deemed a precursor to the hidden track. A potential hidden track on yet another Beatles album is on The Beatles (also known popularly as The White Album) 1968 double album. The hidden track is a snippet of a song called "Can You Take Me Back", serving as an "outro" to "Cry Baby Cry".
 * Nirvana put the hidden song "Endless, Nameless" 10 minutes after the last listed track on their 1991 album Nevermind. It was the first prominent hidden track in the CD era and inspired a slew of hidden tracks on albums in the following years. Lead singer Kurt Cobain said he got the idea from when he would make mix tapes for his friends and then add a secret song after a long silent gap at the end, to startle them. Interestingly, some of the initial pressings of the album accidentally omitted the secret track because the person pressing the album thought it was not meant to be there. This was quickly corrected in subsequent pressings after the band let the label know.
 * Janet Jackson's track "Whoops Now", a hidden track from her album janet., was released as a single, and reached number nine in UK Singles Charts, and number one in New Zealand Singles Chart.
 * The Rembrandts had a sudden radio hit in 1995 with "I'll Be There for You", the theme song to Friends, so it was added at the last minute to their third album LP. As a result, the song was a hidden track on the early printing, since the CD packaging had already been completed by the time the song was added. However, a sticker was added to the outer shrink wrap advising the song's inclusion.
 * Eels' album Daisies of the Galaxy contains a hidden track, "Mr. E's Beautiful Blues", which was released as a single, and received radio airplay, although it was not featured on the sleeve notes. The song was, in fact, released as the first single from the album, and peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart.
 * Cracker's "Euro-Trash Girl", an original, was one of their biggest radio hits, despite being a hidden track on Kerosene Hat.
 * "Skin (Sarabeth)" by Rascal Flatts, a hidden track from their 2004 album Feels Like Today, received enough airplay to chart in the Top 40 on the country charts, peaking at number 2 in late 2005. In mid-2005, the album was re-issued, with the song officially listed as a track, coinciding with the song's release as a single.
 * Of the two hidden tracks on Lauryn Hill's The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill, one of them, the cover of "Can't Take My Eyes Off You" was nominated for a Grammy in 1999 in the category of 'Best Female Pop Vocal Performance'. It was the first time a hidden track was nominated for a Grammy.
 * One of the hidden tracks on P!nk's fourth album, "I Have Seen the Rain", gained significant attention by P!nk fans, as her father, James T. Moore, was featured on the song.
 * Peter, Paul and Mary's 2003 album, In These Times, revealed that after 25 seconds of silence from "Oh, Had I a Golden Thread", there was a hidden live track of a Spanish folk song "Mi Caballo Blanco", although it was listed in the box set Carry It On. The track was later officially listed on their 2014 album Discovered: Live in Concert
 * Tally Hall's 2005 album Marvin's Marvelous Mechanical Museum had a hidden track, aptly titled "Hidden in the Sand", that would prove to be the band's most successful song, gaining over 35 million plays on YouTube and over 216 million on Spotify.
 * My Chemical Romance put the hidden track "Blood" after the final song on their 2006 rock opera The Black Parade, though it would be omitted on Japanese editions of the album.
 * Coldplay's song "O", from their 2014 album Ghost Stories, is composed mainly of a hidden track, called "Fly On". This track made it into charts in the UK, France, and the US, peaking at #9 on the US Rock Digital Song Sales. "Fly On" appeared on their 2014 live album, with "O" being replaced by its reprise.
 * Fall Out Boy placed a hidden track titled "Lullabye" right before the start of their 2008 album Folie à Deux. It is an acoustic ballad influenced by Bob Dylan, written with the intention of helping Pete Wentz' son, Bronx Mowgli, fall asleep. The track is only accessible by placing a CD version of the album into a media player and pressing the previous track button before "Disloyal Order of Water Buffaloes" begins.
 * Deftones's 1997 album, Around the Fur, has two hidden tracks. "Bong Hit" starts after 19:31 minutes of the last track "MX". After 12:41 minutes of silence (after "Bong Hit"), "Damone" starts.
 * Incubus's second album, S.C.I.E.N.C.E., has a mix of sounds and music called "Segue 1", which starts after 30 seconds of the track "Calgone".
 * On early copies of Better than Ezra's 1996 album Friction, Baby, the track "Mejor de Ezra" is contained in the pregap, meaning listeners must start the first track, "King of New Orleans", then rewind the CD to hear the hidden song. Later copies of the album tack this secret track onto the end of the album.
 * Robbie Williams has had a hidden track on many of his albums. On his first studio album, Life thru a Lens, the standard edition included one hidden track. His second album, I've Been Expecting You, includes two. By doing this, Williams' regular listeners would have likely expected a hidden track of sorts on the third album, Sing When You're Winning. To play on this, instead of a hidden track appearing on the album, a recording of Williams' saying "No, I'm not doing one on this album" plays after 24 minutes of silence.

title: Hidden track


text:
Bruce Shand

Bruce Middleton Hope Shand, (22 January 1917 – 11 June 2006) was an officer in the British Army who served in France as part of the British Expeditionary Force during the Second World War. He was the father of Queen Camilla.

After the war he became a wine merchant. He was Vice-Lord-Lieutenant of East Sussex from 1974 until 1992 and was a Master of Foxhounds.

Early life
Shand was born in London into an upper-class family whose ancestors had moved to England from Scotland.

He was the only son of Philip Morton Shand (1888–1960), an architectural writer and critic (from his first marriage). His father was a close friend of Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier and whose company, Finmar, imported furniture by Alvar Aalto to the United Kingdom. His mother was Edith Marguerite Harrington (1893–1981), later Mrs. Herbert Charles Tippet.

His parents divorced when he was three years old. His father went on to remarry three times. Shand did not see his father again until he was 18. One of his two half-sisters was Baroness Howe of Idlicote, wife of former Chancellor of the Exchequer and Deputy Prime Minister Lord Howe of Aberavon.

Shand's mother remarried Herbert Charles Tippet, a golf course designer. Contrary to some newspaper reports, young Shand was not abandoned by his mother and stepfather but was taken to live with them in Westbury, Long Island, New York, in 1921. He left out this fact from his autobiography, giving the erroneous impression of having been abandoned.

After visiting England in June 1923, Bruce and his mother returned to the US in September 1923 with the stated intent (according to US immigration records) of residing permanently in the United States and taking US citizenship. When he next returned to Britain it was to begin his education, organised and paid for by his grandparents. His mother and stepfather returned to Britain in 1927, then moved to Ireland in the 1930s. His stepfather died at Rye in 1947 and his mother died in Cooden Beach, Sussex, in 1981.

Shand was sent to France to learn French. He was educated at Rugby and Sandhurst and was commissioned into the 12th Lancers as a second lieutenant on 28 January 1937. He became a troop leader in "A" Squadron. His interests included fox hunting, polo and reading.

Second World War
Shand was promoted to lieutenant on 28 January 1940. He served in France as part of the British Expeditionary Force. The 12th Lancers were equipped with lightly armed Morris armoured cars in a reconnaissance role. The regiment spent six months at Foncquevillers during the Phoney War, then advanced to the River Dyle and retreated in the face of the German blitzkrieg. He aided in covering the withdrawal to Dunkirk, from where he was evacuated back to England, arriving at Margate on 31 May 1940. For his actions, he was awarded an MC on 5 July 1940.

After a period with the regiment in Poole and in Reigate, and an interlude training the North Irish Horse in Northern Ireland, Shand was sent with the regiment to North Africa in September 1941 as part of the 7th Armoured Division, where he was promoted to the temporary rank of captain. He earned his second MC in January 1942, covering the withdrawal of armoured cars of the 6th Rajputana Rifles in the face of a strong counterattack by the German Afrika Corps. The award was gazetted on 9 July of that year.

He met Winston Churchill shortly before the Second Battle of El Alamein. On 6 November 1942, on a probe towards Marsa Matruh, his vehicle was surrounded and destroyed. Shand's two crewmen were killed, and he was wounded. He was captured and taken to Germany as a prisoner of war. After treatment in Athens, he was held at Oflag IX A in Spangenberg Castle; he escaped when the Germans evacuated the castle and marched the prisoners further from Allied forces. While a prisoner of war, he was promoted to the rank of war-substantive captain and to the substantive rank of captain on 28 January 1945.

After the war
After his liberation in 1945, Shand returned to England. On 2 January 1946, he married the Hon. Rosalind Maud Cubitt, daughter of Roland Cubitt, 3rd Baron Ashcombe, and Sonia Rosemary Keppel, at St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge. They had two daughters, Camilla (born 1947) and Annabel (born 1949), and a son, Mark (1951–2014).

On 25 April 1947, Shand was retired from the army on account of disability and was granted the honorary rank of major. Shand had a country house, The Laines in Plumpton, East Sussex, and a town house in South Kensington, but in later life moved to Dorset.

He had various business interests, most notably as a partner in Block, Grey, and Block, a firm of wine merchants in South Audley Street, Mayfair, and later joined Ellis, Son and Vidler of Hastings and London. Shand was a reviewer of military books for Country Life magazine. In 1990, he wrote a war memoir entitled Previous Engagements and was the editor of the memoirs of a fellow army officer, Tim Bishop, titled One Young Soldier: The Memoirs of a Cavalryman, which was published in 1993. Shand compiled Bishop's diaries into a book after his death in 1986.

Shand was a Deputy Lieutenant of Sussex and was Vice-Lord-Lieutenant of East Sussex from 1974 until 1992. He remained passionate about fox hunting and was Master of Southdown Fox Hounds from 1956 to 1975. He was Exon and later Adjutant and Clerk of the Cheque of the Queen's Body Guard of the Yeomen of the Guard. Shand supported the Conservative Party in the UK.

In 1993, Shand reportedly reproached Charles, Prince of Wales at a private event for ruining his daughter's life after their relationship became public. After a period of a strained relationship, both men eventually grew to like each other.

His wife, Rosalind, died on 14 July 1994, aged 72, having long suffered from osteoporosis. He died from cancer in 2006, aged 89 at his home in Stourpaine, Dorset, with his family at his bedside. After a funeral service at the Holy Trinity Church in Stourpaine on 16 June, Shand's body was cremated.

Memoirs

 * Author. (1990). Previous Engagements. Michael Russell Publishing Ltd ISBN 978-0859551694
 * Editor. (1993). One Young Soldier: The Memoirs of a Cavalryman. Michael Russell Publishing Ltd ISBN 978-0859551939

title: Bruce Shand


text: User talk:68.166.244.91

title: User talk:68.166.244.91


text:
Singles Awareness Day

Singles Awareness Day (or Singles Appreciation Day) is celebrated on February 15 each year. It is an unofficial holiday celebrated by single people. It serves as a complement to Valentine's Day for people who are not married or in a romantic relationship. It is a celebration of love in all forms recognizing the love between friends, family and loving yourself. Some people who observe Singles Awareness Day do so out of spite for Valentine's Day, as a Hallmark holiday, or for other reasons.

Singles Awareness Day is also referred to as an antithesis of Valentine's Day, especially when celebrated on February 14. It is also known by the acronym SAD particularly when negatively observed about the inability to find love.

The United Kingdom has two days attributed to highlighting single status. Since Single Awareness Day spells SAD and a group of dating experts wanted to highlight a more positive tone, they established National Singles Day. It is celebrated on 11 March with the aim to empower those who identify themselves as single.

On Singles Awareness Day, single people gather to celebrate or to commiserate in their single status. Some want to remind romantic couples that they don't need to be in a relationship to celebrate life.

History
Valentine's Day is celebrated every year on 14 February, and the next day on 15 February, Singles Awareness Day is celebrated.

It is said that Single Awareness Day was born because of social isolation. In 2001, a high school student named Dustin Barns decided to form a group with his friends so that instead of wallowing in the sorrows of being singles, they could use a day to celebrate singleness. They chose February 15 as a protest against Valentine's Day and started selling candies and chocolates at a huge discount. The aim was to inform as many people as possible about this day.

Dustin passed this tradition from high school to Mississippi State University where it got very popular. Because of this, February 15 was copyrighted in 2015 as Single Awareness Day, and since then this day became popular all over the world.

title: Singles Awareness Day


text:
Kid Abelha

Kid Abelha was a pop rock band from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, formed by Paula Toller (lead vocals), George Israel (sax, guitar and vocals) and Bruno Fortunato (acoustic and electric guitar). The group has recorded 13 studio albums, 3 live albums and 2 live DVDs. They have created many songs which have entered into Brazilian pop-rock history. The group sold more than 8 million albums worldwide.

History
A precursor group was formed by drummer Carlos Beni, Pedro Farah and Leoni, called "Chrisma". In 1981, Paula Toller meets Leoni in college, PUC-Rio, they start dating and then she used to visit the band rehearsals. The boys always asked her to join the band, but she denied a lot of times, saying she was too shy, but her constant visits to the rehearsals motivated her to sing. George Israel, otherwise, was seen playing saxophone in Búzios and invited by a friend of Leoni to meet the band. In 1982, with guitarist Beto Martins and American keyboardist Richard Owens they recorded a demo tape "Fixação" ("Fixation") and "Vida de cão é chato pra cachorro" ("Living like a dog is boring like hell"). Drummer Beni took the tape to radio station Fluminense FM; when asked the band's name, he took a piece of paper from his pocket that had the list of names considered by the group without reaching a consensus and read out the first one: Kid Abelha & os Abóboras Selvagens ("Kid Bee and the Wild Pumpkins"). Achieving success in the Rio underground scene, the two songs were released on the compilation album Rock Voador, with other new Brazilian rock bands. The band then recorded the single "Pintura Íntima"/"Por que não eu?", with more than 100,000 copies sold.

In 1984 the band released their first album, "Seu Espião" ("Your Spy"), which included, among others, the classic "Pintura Íntima" ("Private Painting"), "Fixação" ("Fixation") and "Como Eu Quero" ("How I Want"). With this LP, they received the first gold record of the new generation of Brazilian artists.

In 1985, the band performed at the first Rock in Rio, an experience described by the band as their "entrance exam" into the business.

In 1986 Leoni had an altercation with Léo Jaime that also involved Paula Toller, Leoni's wife Fabiana Kherlakian and Herbert Vianna. After being hit by Paula with a pandeiro, Leoni left the band.

Studio albums

 * Seu Espião (Your Spy) (1984)
 * Educação Sentimental (Sentimental Education) (1985)
 * Tomate (Tomato) (1987)
 * Kid (1989)
 * Tudo é Permitido (1991) (Anything Goes)
 * Iê Iê Iê (1993) (Yeah, Yeah, Yeah)
 * Meu Mundo Gira Em Torno de Você (1996) (My World Revolves Around You)
 * Autolove (1998)
 * Espanhol (1999) (Spanish)
 * Coleção (2000) (Collection)
 * Surf (2001)
 * Pega Vida (2005) (Catch Life)

Live albums

 * Kid Abelha Ao Vivo (1986)
 * Meio Desligado (1995)
 * Kid Abelha Acústico MTV (2002)
 * Multishow Ao Vivo: Kid Abelha 30 anos (2012)

Compilations

 * Greatest Hits 80's (1990)
 * Geração Pop (1993)
 * Remix (1997)
 * E-Collection (2001)
 * Warner 30 Anos (2006)

EPs / Singles

 * "Pintura Íntima"/"Por Que Não Eu?" (1983)
 * "Como Eu Quero"/"Homem Com Uma Missão" (1984)
 * Kid Abelha Single (1997)

Music videos

 * Como Eu Quero (1984)
 * Seu Espião (1984)
 * Nada Tanto Assim (1984)
 * Lágrimas e Chuva (1985)
 * Os Outros (1985)
 * Nada Por Mim (1986)
 * Tomate (1987)
 * Me Deixa Falar (1987)
 * Agora Sei (1989)
 * Grand Hotel (1991)
 * No Seu Lugar (1991)
 * Eu Tive Um Sonho (1993)
 * Em Noventa e Dois (1993)
 * Te Amo Pra Sempre (1996)
 * Na Rua, Na Chuva, Na Fazenda (1996)
 * ¿Porque Me Quedo Tán Sola? (1997)
 * Eu Só Penso em Você (1998)
 * Maio... (1998)
 * Deve Ser Amor (2000)
 * Eu Contra A Noite (2001)
 * O Rei do Salão (2001)
 * Eu Não Esqueço Nada (2001)
 * Nada Sei (2002)
 * Quero te Encontrar (2002)
 * Poligamia (2005)
 * Peito Aberto (2005)
 * Pq Eu Não Desisto de Vc (2005)
 * Eu Tou Tentando (2005)

DVDs

 * Acústico MTV (2002)
 * Pega Vida (2005)

title: Kid Abelha


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/PhoenixFeathers

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 08:25, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

PhoenixFeathers
A discussion group. Probably a Good Thing -- but not notable. -- Hoary 08:19, 2005 Feb 14 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Not notable at all, there are plenty of those. Delete. Radiant! 08:27, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, this article is a victim of bad timing -- the brainchild of this organization is a zine called Hedgehog, which I was going to add an entry for, but the database maitenance went online at that moment. At least wait for the other article before making a decision.  Besides, who says everything in an enyclopedia has to be interesting?  Try hitting random page a few times; see what comes up.  EDIT: The article for Hedgehog is now available.  It's very rough, as I did this at 1 AM local, but I intend to improve on it later.  Tsuyoshikentsu 09:13, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Bad timing happens. But I've read your Hedgehog article and it doesn't establish any notability beyond the average high school newspaper. Interesting is POV - notability less so. Radiant! 12:19, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, even though this was probably written in good-will, it's not notable enough. Maybe in the future? --Sn0wflake 18:34, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable.  I was trying to VfD this article last night when the database got locked.  RickK 20:41, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, local announcement. Wyss 20:57, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. JoaoRicardo 03:18, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chaudhary

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete -- AllyUnion (talk) 07:39, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Chaudhary
A family history. Not notable or encyclopedic. Already userfied to User:Yaqoob. jni 08:20, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, geneology, family vanity. Megan1967 08:50, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity genealogy, CV. Wyss 20:56, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a genealogy database. JoaoRicardo 03:25, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, geneology. JamesBurns 08:13, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


title: File:Meet-the-tempts-1964.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jewish ethnocentrism/Notice

Jewish ethnocentrism
Due to the enormous size of the discussion it is inconvenient to view it at a common page. Please see Votes for deletion/Jewish ethnocentrism instead.


text:
Bay of Arguin

The Bay of Arguin (Baie d'Arguin; Baía de Arguim) is a bay on the Atlantic shore of Mauritania and the former mouth of the Tamanrasset River, now a Paleo-river.

Geography
It is located south of Cap Blanc, north of Cap Timiris.

The bay contains three islands, including Arguin and Tidra, as well as numerous sandbanks. It is also the site of the 12,000 km2 Banc d'Arguin National Park which includes most of the bay. The park's northern boundary is at Minou; it does not include the Dakhlet Nouadhibou, or the westernmost areas. Smaller bays within the Bay of Arguin include Dakhlet Nouadhibou in the north and Baie de Tanoudert in the east. Other promontories include Minou, Cap Sainte-Anne, Argun, Alzaz, Tagarit and Tafarit. The Oued Chibka, a seasonal and occasional stream flowing only when the climate is partly wet, is in the north-central part.

Inhabited places by the bay include Nouadhibou in the north, Arkeiss and Tel-Alloul to the east and Teichott, R'Gueiba and Awguei to the south.

History
The bay is the possible location of Cerne, a Carthaginian outpost founded by Hanno the Navigator around 500 B.C.

In 1035, Abdallah ibn Yasin founded a ribat (military refuge) on the island of Tidra at the beginning of the Almoravid Dynasty.

The first European to visit the bay was Nuno Tristão in 1443, after which the remainder of the bay was explored.

The area is also known as the place where the French frigate Méduse was famously wrecked in 1816.

title: Bay of Arguin


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bruce Shand

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was REDIRECT. The votes were 4 delete, 3 redirect. dbenbenn | talk 21:16, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Bruce Shand
"Major Bruce Shand is the father of Camilla Parker Bowles." Well, somebody had to be. So? Not notable. -- Hoary 08:26, 2005 Feb 14 (UTC)
 * Merge into Camilla Parker Bowles unless he's done something to be notable in his own right in which case that needs to be added to the article. Mgm|(talk) 09:16, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: nothing to merge, the Camilla Parker Bowles article already says more than this does. Seems to be a not specially notable wine merchant. Kappa 09:56, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll change my vote to redirect. Mgm|(talk) 12:39, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Camilla Parker Bowles. Will probably become more notable after the wedding. Megan1967 10:10, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - Google search shows he has written a book Previous Engagements. Published in 1990. 175pp. ISBN 0859551695 (Amazon sales rank 873,028, so I don't feel that qualifies) Shand joined the 12th Lancers in 1937; served in France and North Africa; wounded, taken prisoner; awarded M.C. 1940 and Bar 1942. His full name is Bruce Middleton Hope Shand. Apparently his daughter is marrying someone, but that's pretty much irrelevant to his notability. Average Earthman 13:00, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. --BM 14:55, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete until the scandals hit. Wyss 20:54, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. "Well, somebody had to be" is a great argument. :-) JoaoRicardo 03:27, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Camilla Parker Bowles. JamesBurns 08:46, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Come to Daddy (EP)

The Prodigy
Is there any actual evidence (in the form of say, interviews) that this is a parody of Prodigy? Or is this merely the opinion of the article's author? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.194.47.240 (talk) 08:29, 14 February 2005 (UTC)

 * Prodigy song was released afterword this one.

Conkern65 (talk) 06:14, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

How about the band Can, the main riff is identical to their song Vernal Equinox, all three(Can Richard James, and Prodigy) have the same riff. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.16.214.138 (talk) 04:24, 7 August 2013 (UTC)

The track Come to Daddy is clearly a parody/pastiche of the Prodigy track 'Breathe', which came out almost a full year before this EP. But we don't really have any sources for this, so... Pixelworship (talk) 16:38, 4 February 2022 (UTC)

Masks
I'm pretty sure the actors were wearing masks in order to get the proper effect. I'll find out. Codernaut 20:55, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

Noise music
I think saying that Come To Daddy (mummy mix) is a noise music piece is too much. It`s drill and bass, acid, whatever, and it`s a little hard to listen, but that doesn`t make it a noise music. Have U ever listened to some noise music? It has apparently no melody or chime at all. AFX`s track has. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.78.179.84 (talk) 15:50, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Changed to "drill and bass". ChunkyStyle (talk contribs) 16:53, 13 December 2007 (UTC)
 * If you want to listen to a piece of his that IS noise, try the {[Smojphace EP]].

PINGAS •  SOMETHING WRONG OFFICER!?  • ''' -52:96, 26 April 1992 (UTC)

Hellraiser references
As a fan of horror films, the first time I heard this song I spotted all the quotes from the Cliver Barker film [Hellraiser]. "Come to daddy!" is definitely a line from the climax of the film, and I am fairly sure that "I will eat your soul!" is either in the film's dialogue or was used as a poster tagline (perhaps in the form "He will eat your soul"). I'm not an experienced Wikipedia editor, so I don't know how this should be done. Should I find some other reference online of this being discussed and link to it? Maybe find the film script online? If that's done, would be fair to write something like "The track's few lyrics appear to have been inspired by the British horror film Hellraiser..." etc.? Advice please! Thanks all. (No registered account, sorry.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.142.249.81 (talk) 01:37, 11 November 2008 (UTC)
 * The tagline of the first Hellraiser film was "He'll tear your soul apart." Obviously this is parodying the phrase "tear your heart apart" but oddly enough there is a romance in the film between the antagonists. I will take the initiative to add the possibility of this song to be a Hellraiser reference in this Wiki article. - CHECK YOUR CITATIONS! 10:23, 8 January 2013 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by KeyboardWarriorOfZion (talk • contribs)

about the video analysis
The analysis linked in the article represents everything I hate about science. Endless references to equally mundane and vague theories about anything even remotely associated with the topic, resulting in there remaining a sole 1 1/2 paragraphs for the actual interpretation. And that interpretation is not even convincing. "Quck, let's find something self-referential, so we can crawl our balls for being oh-so-postmodern".

For me, there are two central aspects to the video:
 * Number one is the depiction of daily information warfare of pop culture and contemporary/future society in general. Aphex Twin is the seducer of youth, in a world that is devoid of any aesthetical pleasure for us the viewer, or escpecially the previous generations, represented by the old lady. Her dog is out of control. It pees on her leg without her even noticing in her senile state. When the spark of the television sets him on fire, she doesn't even know what hit her. The children run around, centering around their television as their object of focus - they have a potential for violence, they're noisy and unrestricted - they demonstrate possession of their environment. The song's lyrics remind of prodigy's "we want your soul" single, even though probably it came later.
 * Secondly, the video shows something, that from the top of my head, I'm going to name "over-the-top self-aware narcissism". As an even clearer example, the video of "window licker" starts off displaying racist/misanthropic/anti-pop sentiment and does it at such length that becomes unignorable and almost boring. Then follows Aphex winning over the negro women instead of their former suitors. The foreplay is cold, and centered around worship rather than affection. This is where any common, if disgusting, fantasy would normally end. But instead, these women continue to take on the shape of the hero's reflections. First reduced to mirror images of himself, the focus then shifts to their pure physicality, which, in turn, is itself shown in a less and less appealing fashion. The demasculized black men join the party in meek appreciation of Aphex, dancing in awkward ways as he lets it happen, and the scene culminates in the shared appreciation of something obviously disgusting. The message here is the need to control, the need for superiority beyond all reasonable bounds, beyond any humane emotion, beyond any real personal satisfaction. One of my favorite websites, to me, expresses a similiar attitude in the form of short stories: http://www.c3f.com/mostfh01.html

In this sense, yes, the video refers to itself as the all-powerful creation and its worship - as above mentioned interpretation says. But it does so in a wider context of how the artist sees himself and his culture.

-Ados 14:29, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

 * What? What? "everything I hate about science..." "oh so postmodern..."  What are you talking about?--Vlad the Impaler (talk) 16:18, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

Banned?
Was The Video Banned? And If It Was Why? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mr Richardson (talk • contribs) 22:53, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Yes, this video was banned on MTV (for the most part) for being too scary. They still occasionally show it late at night, though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.21.9.136 (talk) 02:46, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

MTV2 had a special on a few years ago where they aired the most controversial videos in the channels history uncensored. This was one that almost made the countdown, anyway it was nearly banned for being too scary/freaky. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.63.206.124 (talk) 04:21, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:AphexTwinComeToDaddy,PappyMix.ogg
Image:AphexTwinComeToDaddy,PappyMix.ogg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 14:27, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Cometodady.jpg
Image:Cometodady.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:36, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

This is not a death metal song or EP
It may have some tenuous sonic similarities to death metal, but anyone with some familiarity with that genre could tell you that there's no actual influence or elements taken from death metal, despite what Aphex Twin seems to think. From the tone of his quote, I don't think he thinks very much of death metal (or knows very much about it), and was just toying with a dark pseudo-heavy metal aesthetic as a sound palette for this track. There are artists who do actual crossovers of extreme metal/punk genres and hardcore techno genres (see Curse of the Golden Vampire, Hecate, Whourkr, and The Berzerker), but Aphex Twin is not one of them. May I remove "death metal" from the genre? Perhaps something like "IDM" or "drill n bass" would be more appropriate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Vlad the Impaler (talk • contribs) 01:21, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

Anal Sex?
"at the end, a PlainTalk voice offering anal sex, among other things." Hell no. I am changing this shit to a quote. That is not the intent. Conkern65 (talk) 06:15, 17 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Is there any need to have this mentioned at all? Quoting it is even more explicit! Surely it's unnecessary to mention that part of that song. -ginkgobiloba- (talk) 20:16, 28 February 2011 (UTC)
 * This is Very necessary, because it is explicit.

PINGAS •  SOMETHING WRONG OFFICER!?  • ''' -52:96, 26 April 1992 (UTC)

Isoprophlex Break
Previously was claimed that Isoprophlex is the piece sampled when the girl is singing in the music video. Not true, however there is a bass section at the end of the piece that sounds like it was sampled in Come to Daddy, edited the article to reflect this. 03 March 2011 (GMT) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.26.127.172 (talk)

This is wrong. There is indeed a sample from Isoprophlex in the song "The flowers that bloom in the warmth of the sun..." Tapio1994 (talk) 21:23, 22 August 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Merger proposal
I propose that Come to Daddy (song) be merged into Come to Daddy (EP). I think having both pages feels incredibly redundant since its not an seperate release but exactly the same thing. Tapio1994 (talk) 21:21, 22 August 2018 (UTC)

Video Location

I seem to remember some of the shots of this video was shot amongst the striding giants tower blocks in phase 1 Thamesmead, itself iconic for Clockwork Orange's filming location back when such a concrete monstrosity was seen as futuristic. I lived in Maplin House along there and it was back then an incredibly rough and tough South London estate with high crime and violence.

Other parts of this estate have been used in films, would be nice to have this verified and I would say he chose this site for his video primarily because of the Clockwork Orange link and the undertones of what was once clean and space age had devolved into a terrible concrete jungle.

79.74.155.9 (talk) 12:57, 23 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Come to Daddy (EP)


text: Category:Nokia

title: Category:Nokia


text:
Newfoundland Act

The Newfoundland Act was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that confirmed and gave effect to the Terms of Union agreed to between the then-separate Dominions of Canada and Newfoundland on 23 March 1949. It was originally titled the British North America Act 1949, but was renamed in Canada on the patriation of the Canadian Constitution from the United Kingdom in 1982.

In exchange for Newfoundland becoming a province, the Canadian government took over the Newfoundland Railway, Newfoundland Airport (now Gander International Airport), public broadcasting, telegraph services and other services that fell under federal control. The federal government assumed responsibility for Newfoundland's debt.

Newfoundland was also given statutory subsidies, a special subsidy of $1.1 million, the right to enter into tax rental agreements with the federal government and an additional transitional grant of $3.5 million, diminishing by 10 per cent per year for a total of 12 years. Also, as a safety net, it was agreed a royal commission would review finances.

Amendments
After patriation, the Newfoundland Act has been amended four times through the Canadian constitutional amendment formulas.

Previous Newfoundland Acts
Prior to the 1949 act there were a handful of acts with revisions to the Newfoundland's Constitution:

 * Newfoundland Act 1698 – encourage and established trade (fisheries) links in the region; also called King William's Act

 * Newfoundland Act 1832

 * Newfoundland Act 1842 – established an appointed upper Legislative Council and elected lower House of Assembly

 * Newfoundland Act 1933 – suspended responsible government with the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador dissolved and established rule by Newfoundland Commission

title: Newfoundland Act


text:
File:Lot-o-soul-tempts.jpg

Summary
The cover to 1967's The Temptations With a Lot O' Soul

title: File:Lot-o-soul-tempts.jpg


text: Category:Philips

title: Category:Philips


text:
User:NeonGeniuses

Interests include history, geography, math, science, chemical and mechanical engineering.

East Asia, especially Japan and China.

The works of Mark Twain.

I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

title: User:NeonGeniuses


text:
Dave Gregory (cricketer)

David William Gregory (15 April 1845 – 4 August 1919) was an Australian cricketer. A right-handed batsman, Gregory was the first Australian national cricket captain, leading the side for the first three recognised Test matches between England and Australia in March and April 1877 and January 1879. Gregory was also the captain of the New South Wales team, notably during the Sydney Riot of 1879 when he rebelled against an unpopular decision by Victorian umpire George Coulthard during a game against the touring English team.

Gregory was part of a large cricketing family: his father, Edward William Gregory, was a "capable cricketer" with eight sons, five of whom played for New South Wales in international or intercolonial matches between 1861 and 84; in all, twenty of Edward William Gregory's descendants represented New South Wales in cricket and other sports.

David William Gregory was a man of striking appearance, he "looked like an Old Testament prophet not long out of training college."

Early life, education and career
David William Gregory was born on 15 April 1845 at Fairy Meadow, near Wollongong, the son of Edward William Gregory, a bootmaker, and his wife Mary Anne née Smith, who were married on 25 May 1835 at Sydney. He was educated at the St James Model School, Sydney.

In 1861, he joined the New South Wales public service, assigned to the Auditor-General's Department. In 1883 he became inspector of public accounts and later paymaster of the Treasury for nine years until he retired.

Cricket career
His family came to include six other first-class cricketers: his brothers Ned, Charles and Arthur, and his nephews Syd, Charles William and Jack who lived nearby during his early life. (Ned would additionally become a curator of the Sydney Cricket Ground.) He first appeared for New South Wales in 1866, for whom he would play 38 matches until his retirement in early 1883. Averaging a low 14.57 with the bat, including a debut first-ball duck, he managed five half centuries including strong knocks of 85 and 74 at Melbourne and Sydney. Of the former, it was noted that he was a "marvel of patience at first, and then followed a grand display of good, punishing power, combined with a splendid defence". His score was a record at the time for New South Wales, and the match also saw the debut of his brother, Arthur. Despite his low average, however, it is illustrative of the conditions of the pitches on which he played that he would reach double figures on several occasions when other members of his team failed. He would find success with the ball also, in his first match, he took 3/36 off 24.1 overs. and he would go on to take 29 wickets at 19.24, including a five-wicket-haul of 5/55.

Test career
Gregory had a less than successful international career with bat or ball, even by contemporary standards although he led his team to victory in 2 of the 3 Test matches he led Australia. In the 1st ever test match played at Melbourne he won the toss and elected to bat. His team won but he only managed 4 runs in 2 Innings. He enjoyed more success on his home grounds, scoring a career best 43 in the second Test against England in March 1877, having made only one earlier in the second.

1st Test 1876–1877
Dave Gregory made his Test debut batting at No: 4 for Australia. Australia was 40 for 2. He joined Charles Bannerman (Australia No: 1) on 26 not out. They were the world's 1st ever Test 3rd wicket partnership. Dave Gregory was 31 years 334 days old, the youngest test captain at that time.

While touring England as captain in 1878 during Australia's first tour of England, however, he suffered on the host nations' wet cricket pitches, averaging only 11 with the bat in several matches often against teams of 18 or 22. At Lord's he made one of only two substantial scores of the tour, 42 in each innings against Middlesex. The other, 57, came against the Players at the end of the tour. He did, however, captain his team during their victory over the MCC, a match which, over in less than a day, "meant that never again would an Australian team be taken lightly in England." Off the field, he was also involved, along with several other Australian players and a number of English team members, in an affair involving Billy Midwinter, an Australian all-rounder, attempted to play for both Australia and his domestic team, Gloucestershire, on the same day.

Gregory led Australia at Melbourne against England in January 1879, scoring 12 in his only innings. His Test career statistics remained below par, with an average of 20.00 across his three Test career, passing into double figures only twice, and with no wickets under his belt from five overs of his bowling. He was succeeded in the captaincy by Billy Murdoch, having been the captain for all three of his Test appearances, with two victories and one defeat. He is the only Australian player to have made every international appearance as captain.

Following what would be his last Test, Gregory captained New South Wales against the touring England team at the SCG in February. On the second day, 10,000 spectators witnessed England collapse. When the New South Wales team batted and Billy Murdoch was adjudged run out, no new batsman emerged. England players were sent to the pavilion, at which point it became clear that Gregory was insisting the match be halted while a new umpire was found. The ensuing disturbance became known as the Sydney Riot of 1879. While allegations of collusion with match fixers began, a number of spectators began to cross the pitch and had to be fended off by players armed with cricket stumps for over thirty minutes. The England team and Gregory's Australian side reached an impasse until Edmund Barton, then the other umpire, was able to calm Gregory down. While play was poised to resume, a further pitch invasion prevented this.

Playing style
Gregory had a stubborn, "indignant", gritty batting approach. In his obituary Wisden described Gregory's batting style thus: "Like many Australian batsmen in those early days, he had no grace of style to recommend him, but his defence was stubborn and he lacked neither pluck nor patience", and attributed his lack of successful scores to the pitches rather than his talent.

Later cricket career
After retirement, Gregory was made honorary secretary of the New South Wales Cricket Association, and also stood as an umpire for a first-class match on 27 January 1892. He died in Turramurra, Sydney in 1919. and was buried in the Gore Hill Cemetery.

Cited sources

 * Clowes, C. 150 Years of NSW First-class Cricket, Sydney, 2007. ISBN 1-74175-082-2

title: Dave Gregory (cricketer)


text:
Talk:University of Illinois Willard Airport

Nationally Acclaimed
This is not a POV statement, I've clarified what I meant by this on the page. The center and airport both rank amongst the top ten in the nation, and have won several awards and distinctions both from governmental and academic agencies. It's a fact that is notable, and should be stated because it helps to fully explain why CMI is a different airport from most small airports of its size. Agriculture 08:40, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

KCMI vs. CMI
-> IATA's page for looking up airport codes. A search for KCMI returns no results, a search for CMI returns one result. As a note, my baggage from Europe was marked at CDG with "CMI" only and not KCMI, so User:Fawcett5's claim that KCMI is correct is disputed. Agriculture 08:44, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Doing some research I found that the code User:Fawcett5 is refering to is not the IATA code, but the ICAO code. ICAO codes do indeed use IATA codes and add a K in the US.  However ICAO codes unlike IATA codes are not used for registering a flight, designation on time tables, or baggage.  ICAO codes simply indicate a weather station, and not all ICAO codes refer to airports, some refer to weather stations broadcasting aviation data with no affiliated airport.  Please research your claims before posting them. Agriculture 09:46, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Copyright Photo from AirNav
I have removed the image posted by User:Fawcett5. This picture is from AirNav's page. AirNav is not a US Governmental Agency as was originally claimed by the creator of this image. AirNav is a Limited Liability Coorporation, incorporated in Morganville, New Jersey. As such it is quite possible that this image is copyright, and posting it to the Wikipedia is in direct violation of that copyright. I will obtain a picture myself and post it under the GFDL to correct this problem. Agriculture 08:58, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Response
As a pilot, I can assure Agriculture that the ICAO code is the prefered full identifier for an airport. It is true that I muddled the IATA and the ICAO. It is not true that ICAO codes simply indicate a weather station. Many airports without weather stations have ICAO identifiers. Also, I'm afraid to say that AirNav also took the public domain picture from a US DOT site - it is, after all in the public domain. The original can be found at: http://www.ama500.jccbi.gov/cmiatct/airports.htm, which I am restoring.

 * Ok, but in the future you need to give a reference to the location where you obtained the original image. Additionally, while ICAO may be prefered by pilots it is not the most relevant listen as IATA is the only one seen by passengers. I never said it only indicated weather stations, only that it was often used for weather stations with no airports as well. Agriculture 17:35, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Air Force One Trivia section
Though I'm not sure this information belongs in this article, I added corrections to the Air Force One incident. I'd also like to point out that the KCMI runway is 150 feet wide. This is the same width as the runways at KBOS Logan International Airport in Boston, which supports the Boeing 747. One of the runways at Andrews AFB is 150 ft wide, so I don't think the aircraft had a problem with the runway width. I also referenced the January 28, 1998 News Gazette story detailing the incident. It indicates the problem was with the taxiway and pilot error. --Dual Freq 23:47, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

The URL of the official website has changed
The domain of the official website has changed to iflycu.com, but two links in the reference section still point to non-existing pages under flycmi.com. We need to fix these two dead links. (And because they have HTTPS pages, we'd better link to pages under https://iflycu.com, not http://) --UsagiNeko (talk) 13:35, 31 May 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:55, 10 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Champaign City Building.jpg

The airport also saw tenant Parkland College also announced an expanded pilot training program
Shouldn't one of these "also"s be dropped? Kdammers (talk) 03:59, 4 May 2023 (UTC)


text:
User talk:NeonGeniuses

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Meelar (talk) 08:41, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

Exxon Valdez oil spill
Hello NeonGeniuses (are you more than one?)!

Thanks for switching the paragraphs and for describing your edit on Exxon Valdez oil spill. But why did you write 'retracted "largest oil spill" claim'? Was this a claim that you (or one of you) made? And why did you delete it? Are you aware of any bigger oil spill in US waters? If so, it would be better to write "the second largest after ..." (and enter that other event in the list in the Oil spill article).

Sebastian 00:03, 2005 Mar 3 (UTC)

 * (Discussion continued on User_talk:SebastianHelm)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello NeonGeniuses! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

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 * 1) Muhammad Asif Muhsini -

title: User talk:NeonGeniuses


text:
User:Alasseo/Starcraft Story

WP:COPYARTICLE, see Articles for deletion/StarCraft storyline

title: User:Alasseo/Starcraft Story


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maconha

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 11:22, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Maconha
Brazilian dicdef. Wikipedia is not a (Brazilian) Portuguese-English dictionary. -- Hoary 08:45, 2005 Feb 14 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, dictionary definition, article as it stands is un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 10:07, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, it's not even a "slang term" as the article says. So it's both useless and contains wrong information. --Sn0wflake 18:35, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, foreign dicdef. Wyss 20:54, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a translating dictionary. JoaoRicardo 03:30, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is no slang in portuguese. The article cannot therefore be transwikied because it does not stand even as a dictionary definition. vlad_mv 19:09, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete foreign dicdef Ana Jessica 05:05, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maconha