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M-government

Mobile government, or mGovernment refers to collection of services as the strategic use of government services and applications which are only possible using cellular/mobile telephones, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and wireless internet infrastructure.

History
The world's first mGovernment work initiated by Professor Ibrahim Kushchu in Japan at the mGovLab – now grown into Mobile Government Consortium Int (mGCI) – offering services for the transformation to mGovernment. Proponents of mGovernment services argue it can help make public information and government services available "anytime, anywhere" and that the ubiquity of these devices mandates their employment in government functions. An example of such beneficial use of mobile technologies would be the sending of a mass alert to registered citizens via short message service, or SMS, in the event of an emergency.

mGovernment services is now evolving on four dimensions – transforming eGovernment services directly to the mobile platform, providing access to mobile technologies and application for the field workers of the public sector, enabling smart / flex working and providing citizen services anytime, anywhere.

The recent work done by the mGCI suggest that governments all around the world are now looking for strategic ways of implementing mGovernment services rather than implementing silos of solutions at various ministries or agencies.

Benefits of mGovernment
Mobile Government services can be defined "as a strategy and its implementation involving the utilization of all kinds of wireless and mobile technology, services, applications and devices for improving benefits to the parties involved in e-government including citizens, businesses and all government units"
 * Cost reduction
 * Efficiency
 * Transformation/modernization of public sector organizations
 * Added convenience and flexibility
 * Better services to the citizens
 * Ability to reach a larger number of people through mobile devices than would be possible using wired internet only

These benefits can be enriched and analysed under three categories: benefits to the government, citizens and the industry.

Cases of developing Countries
In developing where internet penetration is low due to lack of infrastructure and mobile connectivity and penetration is high, m-government is a better option although adoption is an issue. A good government to citizen interaction can be made through tools likes SMS. Following are some of the cases in developing countries:

Turkey
In Turkey mobile phones have penetrated 23.3 Million (34%) of 69.6 Million populations compared to 4.3 Million (6%) internet users. Even though there is an increase in mobile connections the mobile internet penetration rate is very low. Therefore, the m-government applications are confined to G2G or G2C based on SMS and GPRS technologies. These applications are in their early stages but still are considered to be better than traditional way of service provision. Some of the major mobile application in Turkey are the following:

MOBESE (Mobile Electronic System Integration) – It is a G2G application and is used by law enforcement agency. It connects the law enforcement agency to respective local level Police Station to validate citizen identity or checking their record history etc.

TBS (Traffic Information System) – It Helps in checking offending drivers license and vehicle information.

Local Government Applications – In some municipalities, SMS technology is used by citizens to pay their taxes. They are also used for local level polling.

Czech Republic
In Czech Republic, mobile phones have penetrated in 95% of the 10 million populations, one of the highest in Europe and probably in the world. Since the penetration of mobile technology is very high, m-government applications are more effective and quick. Many m-government applications are launched and tested for informing citizens about crisis and natural disaster.

One way critical information delivery for citizens – This application is used for alerting citizens through SMS in case of natural or man-made disasters. It is also used for municipality voting or getting citizens consent on any issue.

Philippines
The mobile phone penetration in Philippines is 23.8% which accounts to 20 million mobile phone users out of 84 million populations. Here m-government applications include G2C and also more interactive C2G applications.

TXT CSC – This is an SMS service launched by Civil Service Commission in Philippines to increase the efficiency and speed of service delivery.

Reporting Criminal Offense – This service is launched in 2002 by Philippine National Police to enable citizens to report criminal offenses by criminals as well as Police to the relevant authorities.

Polling Coverage through SMS – Through SMS and MMS news and updates regarding polling will be provided to the people.

=== India === India's Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY) has announced plans for all its department and agencies to develop and deploy mobile applications to provide all their services through mobile devices. Following are the main measures laid down by DeitY:

1. Web sites of all Government Departments and Agencies shall be made mobile-compliant, using the “One Web” approach.

2.Open standards shall be adopted for mobile applications for ensuring the interoperability of applications across various operating systems and devices as per the Government Policy on Open Standards for e-Governance.

3. Uniform/ single pre-designated numbers (long and short codes) shall be used for mobile-based services to ensure convenience.

4. All Government Departments and agencies shall develop and deploy mobile applications for providing all their public services through mobile devices to the extent feasible on the mobile platform. They shall also specify the service levels for such services.

To ensure adoption and implementation of the framework in time bound manner the government will develop Mobile Service Delivery Gateway (MSDG) that is the core infrastructure for enabling the availability of public services in through mobile devices.

Issues with mGovernment services

 * Wireless and mobile networks and related infrastructure, as well as software, must be developed
 * To increase citizen participation and provide citizen-oriented services, governments need to offer easy access to mGovernment information in alternative forms
 * Mobile phone numbers and mobile devices are relatively easily hacked and wireless networks are vulnerable because they use public airwaves to send signals
 * Many countries have not yet adopted legislation for data and information practices that spell out the rights of citizens and the responsibilities of the data holders (government)

Suggestions for mGovernment Services Development

 * Perfecting mGovernment relevant laws, regulations and standards
 * Establishing the information security system of mGovernment
 * Rebuilding and optimizing the administrative business processes
 * Strengthening the evaluation of e-Government

title: M-government


text:
University of Wisconsin–Green Bay

The University of Wisconsin–Green Bay (UW–Green Bay, UWGB, or Green Bay) is a public university in Green Bay, Wisconsin, with regional campuses in Marinette, Manitowoc, and Sheboygan. Founded in 1965, it is part of the University of Wisconsin System. As of Fall 2020, student enrollment was approximately 8,970, including 8,531 undergraduate students.

Since its founding, the school has had an environmental sustainability emphasis; it was nicknamed "Eco U" in 1971 by Newsweek. It offers associate, bachelor's, and master's degree programs, as well as a doctoral program, First Nations Ed.D. The university's mascot is the phoenix.

History
By 1958, the University of Wisconsin–Extension's Green Bay center had grown to 500 students, the second-largest of UW–Extension's eight freshman-sophomore centers. It grew to become the largest by 1965. Demand soon grew for a full-fledged four-year campus serving northeastern Wisconsin. In 1963, the Coordinating Committee for Higher Education unanimously recommended building a new university in the Fox Valley. Governor Warren Knowles, who was somewhat cool to the idea, proposed that the freshman-sophomore campuses in Green Bay and Kenosha be expanded to four-year institutions (the Kenosha institution eventually became the University of Wisconsin–Parkside). The bill was signed into law on September 2, 1965.

UW–Green Bay officially came into being in the fall of 1968, with the first classes being held at the Deckner Center (now Anne Sullivan Elementary School), home of the former Green Bay extension center. It moved to its current location in the fall of 1969.

In 2018, as part of a UW System restructuring that merged 13 two-year schools with seven four year schools, UW–Green Bay took responsibility for the former UW–Marinette, UW–Sheboygan, and UW–Manitowoc branches, turning them into University of Wisconsin–Green Bay Marinette, Sheboygan, and Manitowoc campuses. In January 2024, Chancellor Alexander announced that the Marinette campus would move all instruction online.

Academics
Originally, the university's two governing bodies, the College of Professional Studies and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences supervised all academic programs, but the university put forth a restructuring plan in 2016 that divided the two into four new colleges.

Austin E. Cofrin School of Business
Named for Austin E. Cofrin, a local philanthropist, the school was constituted in 2010 after Cofrin's son, David (who the campus library is named after) donated money to establish the program. Cofrin's donation was the largest for an academic program since the university's founding. The Cofrin School of Business oversees the accounting, business administration, and international business majors.

College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences
The CAHSS oversees the most majors of any of the university's four colleges, including all arts-related majors (both fine and performing), all humanities majors, all social science majors, the university's communication program, and the economics and information science programs.

College of Health, Education and Social Welfare
The CHESW oversees the university's professional programs, including education, healthcare management, social work, and the joint nursing programs that the university maintains with the nearby Bellin College of Nursing.

College of Science, Engineering and Technology
The CSET oversees all science-related majors, in addition to mathematics and the university's Engineering Technology program.

Removal of interdisciplinary requirement
Until 2017, the university mandated that students complete at least one interdisciplinary major or minor in order to ensure a more well-rounded education. As an example, a student in a major classified as disciplinary, such as music, accounting, biology, or English was required to complete either a double major or a minor in a field with some professional applications considered interdisciplinary, such as business administration, communication, or computer science. In late 2017, faculty members on the school's University Committee (of the Faculty Senate) proposed to remove the requirement in the interest of streamlining the academic process, a proposal that was controversial but ultimately passed.

Top majors
The university's top majors, by degrees granted, are:

Undergraduate:
 * 1) Business Administration
 * 2) Psychology
 * 3) Integrative Leadership Studies (an online-only BA/BS program targeted at non-traditional students)
 * 4) Human Biology
 * 5) Nursing (all tracks)

Graduate:
 * 1) Master of Social Work
 * 2) Master of Sustainable Management

Campus
The 200-acre campus is on the northeast side of the city of Green Bay, overlooking Lake Michigan's Green Bay body of water. Much of the campus is composed of natural areas, with the campus bordered on one side by the bay and on the other by the Niagara Escarpment. A system of circular roads (North, East, and South Circle Drives) surrounds the central campus and are the main thoroughfares for traffic on campus, in addition to a few smaller roads that connect the Circle Drives with parking lots. The Cofrin Memorial Arboretum forms a natural boundary of 290 acres encircling the campus. It offers recreation, field trips, and research projects. The purpose of the Arboretum is to restore and preserve some of Wisconsin's native ecological communities and to offer an opportunity to enjoy and appreciate nature. It has more than six miles of trails open to the public. The David A. Cofrin Library sits at the heart of campus, and is one of the tallest buildings in the Green Bay area. Adjacent to the library in the central part of campus are all academic buildings, the University Union (UW–Green Bay's student union), and the Weidner Center for the Performing Arts. All of the university's residential buildings (with the exception of a female-only house adjacent to campus) are in the northeast part of campus, and include traditional residence halls, shared-bedroom apartments, and newer private bedroom apartments. The Richard Mauthe Center (formerly known as the Ecumenical Center) is just south of the residence halls and serves as the campus' religious center. The Mauthe Center is one of two buildings on campus that are run semi-independently of the university, the other being the Weidner Center. The Kress Events Center and various athletic fields dominate the southeast part of campus. A university-owned golf course, the Shorewood Golf Course, takes up the majority of the northern side of campus.

Across Nicolet Drive, the road that forms the western border of the university, are two university-owned properties, Lambeau Cottage and Communiversity Park. Lambeau Cottage was owned by Green Bay Packers founder Curly Lambeau from 1941 to 1956, and was acquired by the state in 1978. The building served many purposes, including a retreat center and headquarters for the sailing team, but fell into disrepair over time. In 2005, an alumnus provided a donation to restore the Lambeau Cottage, and it again finds itself typically used for university retreats. Communiversity Park is a small park adjacent to the Lambeau Cottage and overlooks the bay.

Weidner Center for the Performing Arts
The Weidner Center for the Performing Arts contains the 2,000-seat Cofrin Family Hall, the 200-seat Fort Howard Hall for recitals, the 99-seat-in-the-round Jean Weidner Theatre, and a dance studio.

David A. Cofrin Library
The Cofrin Library has a collection of more than one million items, and the Special Collections Department contains historical records of northeastern Wisconsin, genealogical records, and a local business archives collection. The library's top floor is home to university administration as well as viewpoints for notable landmarks within the area.

Kress Events Center
The Kress Events Center is the host for Phoenix Athletics, concerts, and university-wide events and is the headquarters for workouts, weight training, and intramural sports. The facility has an athletics training room, weight rooms, cardio deck, pool, racquetball courts, a climbing tower, outdoor playing fields, and a multipurpose gymnasium for basketball, volleyball and indoor tennis.

LeMieux Chapel
Joseph LeMieux was a stonemason who built lighthouses on the Great Lakes. His brother-in-law, Fabian LaPlant, was a carpenter. Together they teamed to build the LeMieux Chapel.

Student housing
UW–Green Bay has 28 residential buildings, including traditional residence halls, apartment style residence halls, and student apartments. Approximately 2,000 students live on campus.

Concourse 'tunnel' system
The UW–Green Bay main campus has a concourse system of underground corridors, casually referred to as "tunnels", that connect eleven of its buildings. Designed with the David A. Cofrin Library at its center, subterranean hallways branch out to Student Services, the University Union and seven academic buildings. Opposite the adjacent Theatre Hall and Studio Arts buildings that form an arts wing is a sciences wing comprises Instructional Services, Environmental Sciences and Laboratory Sciences buildings. To the west of the library are the L.G. Wood and John M. Rose Halls. Constructed in 2002, Mary Ann Cofrin Hall is the newest building in the concourse system. Campus buildings not connected by the concourse system are the residence halls, Kress Center, the Weidner Center, and the Brown County STEM and Innovation Center which broke ground September 17, 2018. In addition to helping faculty, staff and students navigate campus in adverse weather, the concourse system facilitates accessibility.

Activities
The student body participates in issues regarding university governance through the Student Government Association, which consists of an executive branch, a legislative branch, and a judicial branch (the Student Court).

Athletics
UW–Green Bay, which brands itself athletically as "Green Bay", is an NCAA Division I school and a member of the Horizon League.

The Green Bay women's basketball team has won or tied for the Horizon League regular-season championship twenty times. The team has been to the NCAA tournament twenty times. It has also made two appearances in the Women's National Invitation Tournament (WNIT).

The team received its first national ranking in 2003, when it was ranked as high as #16 in both the Associated Press poll and the Coaches' Poll. In 2005, it also received a national ranking and a bid to the NCAA Tournament, but was knocked out in the first round by Maryland. In 2006, it appeared in the WNIT, where it lost to Iowa State in a first-round game. The next season, it was seeded #9 in the NCAA Tournament, where it defeated New Mexico in the first round before falling to top-seeded Connecticut in the second round. That loss ended their school record and nation-leading 26-game winning streak.

The next NCAA Tournament win for the Phoenix women came in 2010, when they entered as a #12 seed and upset 5-seed Virginia in the first round before bowing out to Iowa State on the Cyclones' home court just short of the Sweet 16. In the 2011 tournament, they entered as a #5 seed and made their first Sweet Sixteen appearance, defeating Arkansas–Little Rock and Michigan State before losing to regional top seed Baylor.

The Green Bay softball team claimed its first Horizon League tournament championship in 2005. It went on to the national tournament, where it defeated #5 seed Oregon State in the first round.

The Green Bay Women's Volleyball team claimed its first regular season Horizon League title and the first Horizon League tournament championship in 2018. The team went on to the NCAA DI tournament, losing to the #4 seed University of Wisconsin–Madison in the first round.

Sports

 * Kathi Bennett, basketball coach
 * Tony Bennett, basketball player and coach
 * Alec Brown, basketball player
 * Logan Vander Velden, basketball player
 * Sandy Cohen, basketball player
 * Keifer Sykes, basketball player
 * Alfonzo McKinnie, basketball player
 * Michael Schachtner, basketball player
 * Jeff Nordgaard, basketball player
 * Julie Wojta, basketball player
 * Jessica Lindstrom, basketball player
 * Allie LeClaire, basketball player and coach
 * Mehryn Kraker, basketball player and coach
 * Tosaint Ricketts, soccer player
 * Horst Stemke, Olympic athlete
 * Rob Davis, Dallas Cowboys assistant coach

Politics and education

 * James R. Charneski, Wisconsin State Representative
 * Robert Cowles, Wisconsin State Senator
 * Dave Hansen, Wisconsin State Senator
 * Frank Lasee, Wisconsin State Senator
 * Barbara Lawton, Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin (attended)
 * Sharon Metz, Wisconsin State Representative
 * Kathleen E. Christensen, social scientist
 * Romaine Quinn, Wisconsin State Senator
 * Tyler Vorpagel, Wisconsin State Representative
 * Ty Bodden, Wisconsin State Representative

Entertainment

 * Nick Mortensen, comedian
 * Mike Grell, comic book writer and artist
 * Tony Shalhoub, actor (did not graduate)
 * Kevin MacLeod, composer and music producer (did not graduate)

Business

 * Mike Jackson, former Supervalu executive
 * Jill Lajdziak, former general manager, Saturn
 * Mark King, CEO of Taco Bell and former president & CEO of TaylorMade.

Notable faculty

 * Gregory S. Aldrete, Emeritus Professor of History and Humanistic Studies.
 * Herbert J. Grover, Wisconsin educator and politician, served as a professor in the 1990s.
 * Harvey J. Kaye, Emeritus Professor of Democracy and Justice Studies.
 * Michael Monfils, Mayor of Green Bay, served as adjunct Government faculty after leaving mayoral office in 1979.
 * Denise Sweet, Poet Laureate of Wisconsin (2004–2008); Associate Professor of First Nations Studies, at the university until 2011.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: University of Wisconsin–Green Bay


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Samuel Baker White

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Speedy Delete.

Samuel Baker White
Delete: Blank page. No information Giano 17:44, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I tagged it for speedy. It was nonsense that was blanked by the author. Xezbeth  18:19, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedied. Obvious newbie test. Dpbsmith (talk) 18:32, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC) Note: Original content before blanking was:

 * 'Bold text'Bold textLink titlejyufiygyigouguigvhgcuhoehgfurehfnvkjivbuhgniugv

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Doris Wishman

Doris Wishman (June 1, 1912 – August 10, 2002) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. She is credited with having directed and produced at least 30 feature films during a career spanning over four decades, most notably in the sexploitation film genre.

A native of New York City, Wishman began her film career as a hobby after the death of her husband in 1958. She made her feature debut with Hideout in the Sun (1960), and went on to direct numerous nudist and sexploitation films, such as Gentlemen Prefer Nature Girls (1963), Behind the Nudist Curtain (1963), and Bad Girls Go to Hell (1965). In the 1970s, she made her first foray into directing pornographic films.

In 1979, Wishman filmed her first and only feature horror film, A Night to Dismember, which she spent several years editing after multiple reels were destroyed during post-production. She made a further three films in the early 2000s before dying in 2002, aged 90.

Early life
Doris Wishman was born on June 1, 1912, in New York City, the daughter of Ukrainian-Jewish immigrants. Her father was a hay and grain salesman; her mother died when she was still a child. She was raised in the New York City borough of the Bronx, where she graduated from James Monroe High School. After graduating from high school, Wishman claimed to have taken acting lessons at the Alviene School of Dramatics in New York City in the early 1930s, where she was a classmate of Shelley Winters. She later studied at Hunter College.

She later worked as a film booker for her cousin Max Rosenberg, an independent film distributor who handled both art films and exploitation film fare during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Wishman also worked as an actress in New York City throughout the 1950s, and for some time worked with Joseph Levine. During this same period, she was married briefly to advertising consultant Jack Abrams and resided with him in Florida until his death in 1958 due to a heart attack at age 31, being widowed only five months after their marriage. By her own account, Wishman began her film production career after Abrams' untimely death, as she felt she "needed something to fill my hours with."

Beginnings; nudist films
Her first films are called nudist camp films or nudist romances. In 1957, a New York Appeals court ruling allowed films depicting nudism to be exhibited in movie theaters in New York State. Wishman was familiar with the appeal and potential of nudist camp movies due to her acquaintances with Walter Bibo, whose film Garden of Eden gained notoriety due its influence of swaying censorship laws for filming nudity. Inspired by this development, Wishman claimed in several interviews to have borrowed $10,000 from her sister to produce her first film, Hideout in the Sun, a nudist film, shot in late 1958 and released in early 1960. Her next film, Nude on the Moon, released in 1961, was a science-fiction nudie. The film was banned in New York after the New York State Censorship Board ruled that films featuring nudity in a nudist colony were legally permissible, but nudity in a fantasy film set in a "nudist colony on the Moon" was not. Her fourth nudist film, Blaze Starr Goes Nudist (1962), starred legendary burlesque performer Blaze Starr. Wishman produced eight nudist films in total between 1958 and 1964. After the popularity of the genre began to wane, she decided to abandon nudist exploitation films and transition into the new sexploitation genre. Doris Wishman had produced, directed, and written more films in the nudist-film genre than anyone else at the time, when she decided to switch direction.

Sexploitation films
Wishman began to produce and direct sex-exploitation or sexploitation features in 1964, which were often called "roughies". Censorship at the time would allow very little, meaning Wishman and other sexploitation directors used different tactics to portray eroticism and excitement, using melodrama, cutaway, soft-core sex talk, and suggestive nudity that just skirted under the law. This put Wishman at odds with censorship law. In this genre, Wishman also used a different style of filmmaking in which she would cut to objects or scenery not in the scene, similar to Soviet montage. Moya Luckett considers that the cutaway style Wishman used was possibly to disrupt male gaze and incorporate a feminine gaze.

Her second release in this genre was Bad Girls Go to Hell (1965), Wishman's first collaboration with her long-time cinematographer C. Davis Smith. During this period, she frequently worked under the pseudonym "Louis Silverman", the name of her second husband. She also directed The Sex Perils of Paulette (1965), which featured Tony Lo Bianco in his film debut. The Sex Perils of Paulette was heavily censored by the New York Censor Board.

All of Wishman's sexploitation work was shot in black and white until the release of her first soft-core color feature, Love Toy (circa 1970). Shortly thereafter, she produced a sex comedy entitled Keyholes Are for Peeping (1972) (also known as Is There Love After Marriage?) starring comedian Sammy Petrillo. In the mid-1970s, she went on to direct two low-budget thrillers featuring burlesque performer Chesty Morgan: Deadly Weapons and Double Agent 73, the former of which was distributed internationally by Hallmark Releasing Corporation, and made on a budget of $50,000. When producing roughies, Wishman shot them with a handheld camera, a tactic used by experimental filmmakers, and exploitation filmmakers trying to cut down shooting costs. Antiobscenity law at the time greatly limited the circulation of the films of Doris Wishman and other sexploitation directors.

Pornographic and later exploitation work
Her work in the 1970s-'80s was all in the soft-core genre of exploitation, except that in the mid-1970s, Wishman directed two hardcore pornographic features entitled Satan Was a Lady (1975) and Come With Me, My Love (1976), both of which featured Annie Sprinkle. With the collapse of censorship law, demand for nudity in film rose, impacting Wishman's film direction. Hardcore was now available and explicit sex could be filmed; this, however, Wishman and many sexploitation directors considered distasteful. Wishman was not fond of working on pornographic films and later in her life denied having directed them. In 1968, she released The Hot Month in August and Passion Fever, two already completed Greek films, which Wishman bought and added minimal original material, such as voiceover. Additionally in 1978, she released a semidocumentary feature entitled Let Me Die a Woman, which she had originally begun shooting in 1971. The film featured interviews with several transgender individuals, one of whom was Deborah Hartin, and included dramatic reconstructions of scenes from their lives. It was one of the first films to focus on transsexualism and to star transsexuals. The events in the movie were depictions of real events, according to Dr. Leo Wollman, who was featured in the film. One such dramatization featured porn star Harry Reems before he became internationally renowned for his role in Deep Throat (1972). In light of the expanding slasher film craze that began with Halloween in 1978, Wishman's final feature was a horror film entitled A Night to Dismember. Begun in the late 1970s, it went through various manifestations and was finally completed in 1983. The film stars pornographic actress Samantha Fox. It was never theatrically released. In these later works, the films take a bloody and grotesque turn, and are sometimes referred to as her cinema of somatic portrayal, due to heavy themes of the body betraying itself.

Later life and final films
After the failure of A Night to Dismember, Wishman moved to Coral Gables, Florida, in the mid-1980s, where she found work in an adult-novelty store. Interest in her work began to slowly increase due to the home video release of many of her films through Something Weird Video. A cult following started to form and Wishman was honored at the New York Underground Film Festival in 1998 and appeared twice on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, one of which she was interviewed with Roger Ebert. When she returned in 2001 she started work on two projects. One was a sex comedy called Dildo Heaven, released in 2002. The other was Each Time I Kill which had cameos from John Waters, Linnea Quigley, and Fred Schneider, the singer of the B-52s.

Death
Wishman died on August 10, 2002, in Miami, Florida, shortly after being treated for lymphoma.

Legacy
Wishman made more films than any other female director of the sound era. Filmmaker John Waters featured a clip from Deadly Weapons in his film Serial Mom. Film critic Joe Bob Briggs described Wishman as "The greatest female exploitation film director in history." She was one of the most active women directors in the world during the 1960s and '70s working in the sexploitation genre. Prior to her death, she received a lifetime achievement award from the Chicago Underground Film Festival, and several of her films were selected for a gala celebrating her work at Los Angeles's Nuart Theatre in 1998, titled "Doris Wishman: Queen of Sexploitation." In 2021, she was the subject of a curated retrospective on the art-house streaming service, the Criterion Channel.

title: Doris Wishman


text:
Talk:Porter (beer)

Last English Porter?
Since Wickwar Brewery's "Station Porter" became Supreme Champion Winter Beer of Britain 2008 can it truly be said that "The last English Porters were brewed around 1940" ? ♦ Jongleur100 ♦ talk 08:31, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

Alternate origin of name ?
When I lived in London, somebody who was very knowledgeable about beer told me the it was called Porter because the brewers would take the remnants of one beer barrel and add the next brew to it. Thus the old beer was "ported" (carried over) to the new brew. Urban legend maybe ? 187.78.144.170 (talk) 11:18, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

'No evidence for name theory"
On what basis is the claim made that "The name was first used in the 18th century and may have been a result of the drink's popularity with the street and river porters of London, however there is little evidence to support this theory."? EVERY source in the 18th and early 19th century that talks about the origins of the name porter says the name comes from the beer's popularity with the "working classes" (Cesar de Saussure, 1726) "labouring people, porters" (Obadiah Poundage, 1760), "porters and other working people" (Jon Feltham, 1802) or "labouring men" (John Tuck, 1822). Somebody seems to have misinterpreted the Oxford Companion to Beer, p661, which does NOT deny the truth of the naming of porter after London's porters. Zythophile (talk) 19:22, 3 January 2012 (UTC)

When I was 16 to about 19 I would go with my Dad and elder brother to the local pub for a Christmas drink. It was always porter, my Dads drink of choice and always the cheapest. It was made cheaper but drinking 3/4 and asking for a half pint, the pot was always filled to the top. I was 16 in December 1973 so somebody was making porter after 1950's and this was not some micro brewery but a mainstream owned pub and it was on tap. This was in North West Kent so it could have come from London or Maidstone I guess. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.1.109.96 (talk) 10:58, 7 December 2012 (UTC)

Porter and Arthur Price?
Could someone include information about the connection between Porter and Arthur Price? it seems nobody wants to tarnish the reputation of Guinness nor Porter with the Welsh born bishop? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hogyncymru (talk • contribs) 15:54, 18 January 2017 (UTC)

What's the point of describing the OG of the beer?
In the History section, the article goes to some length to describe the different "original gravity" between brews when discussing the various strengths. However, without also providing each brew's "final gravity" the ABV (Alcohol By Volume) cannot be calculated... Providing just the OG, is therefore pointless when discussing the beer's alcoholic strength.

I suggest the article restricts itself to ONLY using ABV when discussing the strength of the beers.

Unfortunately, I am historically uninformed on this specific subject, so I am unable to modify the History section in such a manner... Would an informed/knowledgeable Wikipedian please be so kind as to do so? M R G WIKI999 (talk) 16:54, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

German Porter
The Klosterzeller brewery still keeps brewing the "Mord und Totschlag" which definitely is a porter. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2003:C0:DF2B:D000:D0D7:3DEE:A56C:C7DF (talk) 11:01, 31 May 2022 (UTC)

Obadiah Poundage
The article Obadiah Poundage was nominated for deletion (Articles for deletion/Obadiah Poundage). The discussion was closed on 7 August 2022 with a consensus to merge the content into the article Porter (beer). This has now been done. I think the amount of text is too much for the article, and per WP:WHENSPLIT should be split out into a sub-article, leaving a linked summary in this article. A suggestion was made in the AfD discussion that the article could be named Obadiah Poundage letter, and this does seem appropriate. The discussion had two keeps, two merges, and one delete or merge. There were three comments in favour of merging to Obadiah Poundage letter, and three in favour of merging to Porter (beer). There wasn't a consensus to delete, though there was a consensus that the article was inappropriate as a biography. Creating an Obadiah Poundage letter article would appear to resolve the main rationale for deletion: that the article failed BIO1E. Thoughts? SilkTork (talk) 14:40, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * The move to Obadiah Poundage letter has been done, preserving the article history. SilkTork (talk) 11:08, 3 September 2022 (UTC)
 * The letter is now on Wikisource: Obadiah Poundage. That feels more appropriate. SilkTork (talk) 08:49, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Porter (beer)


text:
User:Grend~enwiki

"Grend" is an online pseudonym, derived from the full name "Grendel".

The word is also occasionally used as a verb, meaning to delay, postpone, or abandon a project due to distraction or boredom.

title: User:Grend~enwiki


text:
Talk:Traf-O-Data

Untitled
Some article i came across that discuss Bill's before M$ — Preceding unsigned comment added by  Wk muriithi  (talk • contribs) 17:48, 16 February 2005 (UTC)

I have made some change but I don't have the time and the skill, good work.Mbios 17:08, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Needs re-write
 I don't know whether somebody copied the text from there, or whether the site copied from wikipedia. What should we do? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gogodidi (talk • contribs) 15:04, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I would guess the Wikipedia contributor copied most of it from that site. I have access to other sources and can re-write the article. I should be able to do this in a week or two.

 * -- SWTPC6800 19:35, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Ownership
Several rather poor sources asy that the ownership of Traf-O-Data was:
 * split 43% 21% 36% for Gates, Allen and Gilbert
 * that this was signed in 1975 (two years *after* the Traf-O-Data work!)
 * that the agreement expressly allowed Gates and Allen to use the emulator developed by Traf-O-Data for their new Altair project
 * "They repaired and debugged the machine, but it never became a product—which was fortunate. Success would have distracted Gates and Allen at a crucial moment. As it was, by the time the lone Traf-O-Data began processing traffic tapes in 1975, the two had turned the operation over to Gilbert and moved on to form Microsoft."

...may explain this. Snori (talk) 08:49, 25 April 2013 (UTC)

 * The source for the three bullet points is Manes & Andrews (1993). Gates, Doubleday, ISBN 0-385-42075-7, which is the source with the most detailed coverage of the topic I've seen. It's spread out over several sections of the book, so refer to the book's index.
 * Of course, the percentages were actually 43% Gates, 36% Allen and and 21% Gilbert.

 * The machine (hardware) never became a product, but the service continued on until the partnership suspended the service in 1979. – wbm1058 (talk) 00:10, 6 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Allen, Paul (2011). Idea Man, Penguin, ISBN 978-1-59184-382-5 also has good coverage of this topic. – wbm1058 (talk) 15:24, 6 November 2017 (UTC)

 * I would avoid using the third edition of Fire in the Valley (2014) as a source for this topic. "It took Gates, Allen, and Gilbert almost a year to get the traffic-analysis machine running. When they finally did, in 1972 !? they started a company called Traf-O-Data..." The authors seem to have missed the fact that 1972 is the year the 8008 was released, so they couldn't have been working for a year on a machine that used a chip which had yet to be released. Allen didn't have a workable 8008 simulator until summer 1973, and they didn't pitch the product to city engineers until summer 1974. These aren't the only details these authors have flubbed. Maybe they can release a fourth edition of their book that finally fixes this? wbm1058 (talk) 17:26, 8 November 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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CP/M?
I've removed the following from the article:

 * This software used CP/M as an operating system.

This claim seems rather dubious to me - the timing is wrong (CP/M wasn't written until 1974, which is rather late for a company operating between 1972 and 1975 to have used it on their only development project, and to my understanding was not commercially available until 1976), the details don't match (as described in the article, Traf-O-Data's system was based on an 8008 processor, but CP/M didn't run on that architecture, but rather on the 8080), and the source is a self-published youtube video that repeats the story that IBM didn't buy CP/M because Kildall failed to turn up to a meeting, which is [probably not true](https://www.forbes.com/forbes/1997/0707/6001336a.html). 176.35.207.239 (talk) 04:57, 24 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Traf-O-Data


text:
William Davidson (lumberman)

William Davidson (1740 – 17 June 1790) was a Scottish-Canadian lumber merchant, shipbuilder and politician. He was the first permanent European settler on the Miramichi River in New Brunswick.

Arrival in the New World
Davidson was born in Cowford, in the Parish of Bellie, Moray, Scotland, and was engaged in salmon fishing as a young man (see River Spey). He was born John Godsman, but changed his name to William Davidson after his grandfather. In 1765 he arrived in Nova Scotia and obtained extensive land grants, he and a partner getting 100,000 acres (400 km2), of which 2/3 was Davidson's share. This amounted to a strip of 13 mi on either side of the Miramichi River (then a part of Nova Scotia) with fishing and lumbering rights. He was required to clear and improve the land and establish one Protestant settler for every two acres (8,000 m2). He settled many people on the Miramichi. Davidson is best known as the first settler in the Miramichi.

Founding a colony
Davidson went to New England in 1766 to recruit settlers and supplies. Soon he was shipping fish to the West Indies and furs and fish to Europe. To employ his workers in the winter he began to cut lumber and brought out from Great Britain a master shipbuilder, shipwrights and other craftsmen.

Throughout his life this visionary, practical, industrious and intelligent man was plagued by bad luck. His first locally built ship, the Miramichi, sank off Spain on her maiden voyage and his second ship was wrecked in 1775 off the northern tip of Prince Edward Island. But, other cargoes got through and he soon had a seven-year contract with a British firm to supply fish and lumber.

The American Revolution and the Saint John River
In 1776 the American Revolutionary War, came along and New England privateers made sailing in the North Atlantic unsafe and rebel sympathizers stirred up the neighbouring Mi'kmaq Indian nation. With shipping so hazardous, the British firm he contracted with was soon bankrupt.

The Mi'kmaq began raids on the Miramichi settlers, and in 1777 Davidson withdrew inland with his employees to Maugerville, a settlement on the Saint John River downstream from the site of present city of Fredericton, New Brunswick. Ever industrious, Davidson soon secured a contract to transport ship's masts and yards down the Saint John River to the port of Saint John for shipment to the Royal Navy.

In 1783 Davidson was elected a member of the 5th General Assembly of Nova Scotia for Sunbury County which, in 1784, became part of New Brunswick. He continued to serve for Northumberland County after the new province was established.

The American Revolutionary War was now over and Davidson moved back to the Miramichi Valley to secure his land grants. He went by ship with his employees and stopped en route at Halifax, Nova Scotia for supplies.

Back to the Miramichi
Davidson lost no time on his return to the Miramichi. Most of his employees came with him. He spent 5,000 pounds sterling on a shipyard, a sawmill and stores and other buildings and was soon back in business. In the period 1783 to 1785 he lost several more vessels and their cargoes to the North Atlantic. But some got through and he signed a contract with Wm. Forsyth and Co. of Greenock, Scotland and Halifax, Nova Scotia to provide masts and yards. He also shipped fish to the West Indies and Europe.

To provide another source of revenue, Davidson sent out employees to fish for cod in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

But United Empire Loyalists were pouring into the Maritime Provinces and in 1784 Loyalist settlers in the Saint John River Valley set up New Brunswick as a separate colony. They were land hungry and revoked Davidson's grant on the grounds that he had not brought out the settlers he promised. He was compensated with a grant of 14,500 acres (59 km2), including the sites of his enterprises.

William Davidson was elected as representative from Northumberland County to the 1st New Brunswick Legislative Assembly and served from 1786 until his death.

Davidson was out on snowshoes on business in the winter of 1790, when he was caught in a blizzard. He suffered severely and caught a cold from which he did not recover. He died in June, 1790.

Family and legacy
When he was living at Maugerville, Davidson married Sarah Nevers. They had five children. One of his brothers settled close to him. Many thousands of people in the Miramichi and across North America are descendants of the Davidson brothers. He died on 17 June 1790.

Portrait
A large portrait of William Davidson felling trees on the Miramichi hangs on an internal staircase of the Banff Springs Hotel in Banff, Alberta. This is very appropriate as Davidson was a native of Moray, very near the boundary with Banffshire, Scotland.

The painting has been in the possession of the hotel for many years, and hotel staff believe that it was painted in the last years of the 19th century. It identifies Davidson as Canada's first lumberman, surely a misnomer. He was, perhaps, the first English speaking person to establish a significant commercial lumber business in Canada. But long before, French settlers cut trees for their own use and for local markets.

Acknowledgement
W. S. Spray's entry in the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online (see link below) is one source used in the preparation of this entry.

title: William Davidson (lumberman)


text:
Talk:Anne Perry

Book Spoilers
I believe it is inappropriate to detail the eventual marriages of Perry's lead characters in the introduction to her book series. While I may have suspected as much after reading the first William Monk book, I do not appreciate being told that this will happen. Likewise with the Pitt books.

Such information especially does not seem to be necessary when providing a mere sentence-long description of the series. Watermac (talk) 23:04, 9 June 2012 (UTC)

Untitled
The ground glass used as an instrument of murder in one nove would not necessarily have worked: granuals large enough to cause damage would be noticeable to the person consuming them. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.85.1.1 (talk) 17:49, 16 February 2005 (UTC)

New Name Disclosure
Is her new name widely known? I find it surprising to find it here. Her website does not speak of what she did so she obviously doesn't want this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.223.115.170 (talk) 02:36, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

?
Is there a reason the fact that she is a lesbian and that Pauline Parker was her girlfriend? That's why the mother didn't want them going to South Africa. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.35.119.42 (talk) 01:22, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * There's no evidence to support that contention, and Hulme/Perry has long denied any romantic relationship between herself and Parker. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.78.2.8 (talk) 21:42, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * In the film there was a scene where one of the girls was diagnosed by a doctor as being a lesbian, did that really happen? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tantrums (talk • contribs) 11:00, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Such diagnoses were not lightly given outside of hasty courtroom considerations. I doubt our subject has ever been gay as Anne Parker has denied any homosexual experience even in the day of relative sexual liberty.  Furthermore, sexual expression of close friendship in ones mid-teens was rare for three reasons: romance of heroic and ideal men was seen as a target, lesbian romance might not occur to anyone who never heard of such a thing, and accidental sexual exploration would be so very difficult to concieve of since bedding friends would likely keep even a small distance out of cultural habit.  This is what is often said about the situation, at least. Anonymous — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.13.148.189 (talk) 03:22, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Revision
I've revised the section on the crime itself and Juliet's backstory, based on the lengthy story on the murder at crimelibrary.com. The previous version of the page contradicted a lot of what I found over at Crimelibrary; I assume the latter site is more accurate. | Keithlaw 22:04, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Gay Icon Project
In my effort to merge the now-deleted list from the article Gay icon to the Gay icons category, I have added this page to the category. I engaged in this effort as a "human script", adding everyone from the list to the category, bypassing the fact-checking stage. That is what I am relying on you to do. Please check the article Gay icon and make a judgment as to whether this person or group fits the category. By distributing this task from the regular editors of one article to the regular editors of several articles, I believe that the task of fact-checking this information can be expedited. Thank you very much. Philwelch 20:14, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Why would you do that when Anne Perry has said she is not a lesbian? Wishful thinking doesn't make it so, and the lady herself says it isn't so. Jake b 02:54, 9 July 2006 (UTC)
 * She also says that her and Pauline's fantasy world was a complete invention of the writers of the film Heavenly Creatures, even though those elements are directly based on Pauline's diaries. Clearly there is a degree of amnesia she has over the obvious stressful event and the things that lead up to it. Now I personally don't get the impression that their relationship wasn sexual in a conventional sense either, but I also don't think we should take only Perry's word on the matter to the exclusion of the suggestive passages in the diaries. --Krsont 17:14, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

I've removed unsourced material and speculation about whether the relationship was sexual. Perry's denial can be re-inserted if a source is added.- gadfium 00:38, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Anne Perry's Books
I logged on to this site to get a comprehensive list of the books she has written, instead I get an old story and as usual nowdays a hint or fact of sexuallity neither of which I care about. I think her books are terrfic and so enjoy reading them. Sally Gawne FL — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.154.126.142 (talk) 23:48, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * This is a biographical article about someone who has had a rather more interesting life than most. We would be remiss in not dealing with the earlier parts of it. However, you are welcome to expand the part of the article dealing with her writing.-gadfium 00:33, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Biographical entry is a comprehensive informative exposition of an individual's life. This entry meets those general requirements. If information is lacking, the ability to add whatever is needed is available for interested parties to do so. A full list, time line, of Perry's writing is useful and should be included. Betempte (talk) 21:12, 14 December 2016 (UTC)

The Court Room Picture
It might be more suitable to give her age or the year of the photo rather than mention the trial unduly, as this makes the trial seem more important than her literary work. Anne Perry is not best known for her youthful mistake but rather for her detective stories. If there are no objections I will redact the title of the photo to "Anne Perry in teen years". Anonymous — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.13.148.189 (talk) 03:22, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

 * She is quite cleary better known for one of the most infamous murders of the 20th century then for writing mediocre novels! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.236.182.119 (talk) 04:46, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Juliethulme.JPG
Image:Juliethulme.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 04:43, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Sexuality
Isn't it commonly suggested that there was a lesbian element to the murder case? --MacRusgail (talk) 17:07, 24 June 2010 (UTC)
 * There was certainly such speculation, and it's covered in Parker–Hulme murder. Perry has said that the relationship was not lesbian. I see no need to cover it again here.- gadfium 21:05, 24 June 2010 (UTC)

Plot devices
... are not always plausible, and psychology does not necessarily reflect the Victorian worldview. (Giving examples would provide plot-spoilers) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.254.147.68 (talk) 13:27, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Please give examples - never mind spoilers here - with cites if poss. I found "Half Moon Street" internally consistent and in line with what little I know of late Victorian morality. NPOV, of course! — Preceding unsigned comment added by D A Patriarche (talk • contribs) 19:41, 30 October 2014 (UTC)

Murder
Does her crime and conviction really need to be in the article's intro? It seems unfair to define her by that, seeing as she was 15 when the crime happened and she served a sentence for it and was reformed. (I'm not trying to excuse the crime, just put it in context.) The intro to boxing promoter Don King's article, for instance, doesn't mention his murder of an employee. --JackHeslop91 (talk) 23:58, 8 August 2014 (UTC)

I came about this just now, as here's King description as of now: "Donald King (born August 20, 1931) is an American boxing promoter known for his involvement in historic boxing matchups. He has been a controversial figure, partly due to a manslaughter conviction (later pardoned), and civil cases against him." - honestly I feel that the fact that she literally murdered someone should be right there up front if not by going further by putting "convicted murderer" before writer. Wikidude10000 (talk) 09:42, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

Style & Content
The article as it stands (2014-10-30) is heavily weighted toward the sensational aspects of Hulme's life, rather than Perry's literary creations. I would like to see a section on style & content (e.g. see Plot Devices above), perhaps comparing her with other historical whodunit writers, as I find her comments on late Victorian morality in "Half Moon Street" internally consistent, and the style is interesting, relying extensively on internal dialogue for character development. She is a good writer IMHO, judging by "Half Moon Street", and deserves more attention to her auctorial skills (or failings). I am not familiar with enough of her books to undertake this (though I could probably put in a stub), but maybe someone else might??? D A Patriarche, BSc (talk) (talk) 19:41, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * The place to start with this is finding reliable sources with in depth coverage of these aspects of her life. Stuartyeates (talk) 07:10, 31 October 2014 (UTC)

Proposed split of article
The bibliography section of this biography is extensive. Is it time to split the article? As in the example of Tom Clancy and Tom Clancy bibliography? MurielMary (talk) 03:36, 13 April 2023 (UTC)
 * The article overall is not large (it is significantly smaller than the article on Clancy without a bibliography), and the bibliography is unlikely to grow much further, so I don't see the need.- gadfium 03:57, 13 April 2023 (UTC)
 * @MurielMary She's definitely prolific! I don't have a strong view either way, but great work on the bibliography. Cheers, Chocmilk03 (talk) 05:39, 13 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anne Perry


text:
User:June 29

Hey I am happy not really

title: User:June 29


text:
Frederick Carl Frieseke

Frederick Carl Frieseke (April 7, 1874 – August 24, 1939) was an American Impressionist painter who spent most of his life as an expatriate in France. An influential member of the Giverny art colony, his paintings often concentrated on various effects of dappled sunlight.

Background and early life
In 1858, Frederick Carl Frieseke's grandparents, Frederick Frieseke and his wife, emigrated from Pritzerbe (near Brandenburg, Germany) with their sons, including Herman Carl. They settled in the small central Michigan town of Owosso. Herman served in the Union Army then returned to Owosso, where he established a brick manufacturing business. He married Eva Graham and in 1871 their daughter Edith was born. Their son, Frederick Carl, was born in Owosso in 1874. Eva died in 1880 when Frederick was six years old, and in about 1881 the family moved to Florida. Herman started another brick manufacturing business in Jacksonville. The four years in Florida left an enduring impression on young Frederick; years later, when he contemplated a return to the United States from Europe, he concentrated on Florida.

Frederick's aunt recounted how, unlike most boys, he was interested in the arts more than in sports. His grandmother, Valetta Gould Graham, enjoyed painting, and encouraged Frederick in his artistic pursuits. An 1893 visit to the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago also stimulated his desire to become an artist.

Education
In 1893, Frieseke graduated from Owosso High School, then began his artistic training at the Art Institute of Chicago, studying with Frederick Warren Freer and John Vanderpoel. After moving to New York in 1895, he resumed his art education at the Art Students League in 1897. He worked as an illustrator, selling cartoons he had drawn to The New York Times, Puck, and Truth. He claimed that he might have curtailed his art education if he had been more successful in that endeavor. The following year, he moved to France, where he would remain, except for short visits to the United States and elsewhere, as an expatriate for the rest of his life. He did continue his education, enrolling at the Académie Julian in Paris, studying under Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant and Jean-Paul Laurens, and receiving criticism from Auguste Joseph Delécluse. His studies also included some time at Académie Carmen under James Abbott McNeill Whistler. Frieseke visited Holland, including the Katwijk and Laren artist colonies, in the summer of 1898. During this time he sketched and painted in watercolors, and he initially planned to make that his specialty, but he was encouraged by Académie Carmen instructor Frederick William MacMonnies to work in oils.

Frieseke discounted his formal art education, referring to himself as self-taught; he felt that he had learned more from his independent study of artists' work than he had from his academic studies.

Life and work
Starting in 1899, just over a year since his arrival in Paris, Frieseke exhibited at the Salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts.

Whistler's influence is evident in Frieseke's early mature paintings, with close tonalities. By his post-1900 work, his palette had evolved toward that of the Impressionists, becoming light and colorful; however, he still retained the strong linear customs of art back in the United States.

In the summer of 1905, he spent at least a month in the Giverny art colony. In October of that year he married Sarah Anne O'Bryan (known as Sadie), whom he had met seven years earlier. Frieseke and his wife (and later, their daughter) spent every summer from 1906 to 1919 in Giverny. He kept a Paris apartment and studio throughout his life, and the Friesekes spent the winters in Paris. Their Giverny house, previously the residence of Theodore Robinson, was next door to Claude Monet's. Despite the proximity, Frieseke did not become close friends with Monet, nor was Monet an artistic influence. He said in an interview, "No artist in [the impressionist] school has influenced me except, perhaps, Renoir." Indeed, Frieseke's paintings of sensually rounded figures often bear a resemblance to those of Pierre-Auguste Renoir.

The Friesekes' Giverny home and the garden they created there were often featured in his paintings, and his wife would frequently pose for him. He also kept another studio nearby on the Epte river. Many of his outdoor nudes were painted there.

After spending some time in Giverny, his unique style quickly emerged, and he would be quite influential with most of the other members of the colony. Although well known as an Impressionist, some of his work, with its "intense, almost arbitrary colors", demonstrates the Post-Impressionist influence of artists Paul Gauguin and Pierre Bonnard. The term "Decorative Impressionism" was coined by an art writer to refer to Frieseke's style. It combined the decorative style of Les Nabis, expressively using color and pattern, with classic Impressionist interests in atmosphere and sunlight.

He was very interested in rendering sunlit subjects on canvas, saying, "It is sunshine, flowers in sunshine; girls in sunshine; the nude in sunshine, which I have been principally interested in. If I could only reproduce it exactly as I see it I would be satisfied." However, his interpretation of sunshine often did not appear natural. According to a recent observer, "His light hardly seems to be plein air light at all. In fact it seems entirely artificial ... a stunning concoction of blues and magentas frosted with early summer green and flecks of white."

The prestigious Venice Biennale featured seventeen Frieseke paintings in 1909.

Frieseke's artistic influence was greatly felt among the Americans in Giverny, most of whom shared his Midwestern background and had also begun their art studies in Chicago. Among those artists were Louis Ritman, Karl Anderson, Lawton Parker, and Karl Buehr.

Frieseke preferred the attitudes in France over those which he encountered in the United States: "I am more free and there are not the Puritanical restrictions which prevail in America – here I can paint the nude out of doors." He found the American attitudes to be frustrating, but occasionally a source of amusement. While on his first visit back home in Owosso in 1902, Frieseke wrote, "I get much pleasure in shocking the good Church people with the nudes".

The Friesekes' only child, daughter Frances, was born in 1914. In 1920 Frieseke and his family moved to a farm in Le Mesnil-sur-Blangy, Normandy. His art of this period concentrated on female figures, particularly nudes. While developing a more modern style, he included historical and contemporary references. He used a darker color palette and limited his use of surface patterns. In these works, his interest in chiaroscuro may be discerned.

In 1923 he left the Salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts and co-founded, with other artists, the Salon des Tuileries. He resumed painting in watercolors, especially while on trips to Nice in the winter and during a 1930 to 1932 visit to Switzerland.

Frieseke had established a superb reputation during his career. A 1931 book refers to Frieseke as "one of the most prominent members of our self-exiled Americans." He died in his Normandy home on August 24, 1939, of an aneurysm.

Awards
He won many awards during his career. In 1904 he received a silver medal in St. Louis at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and was awarded a gold medal at the Munich International Art Exposition. He was honored with the William A. Clark Prize at the Corcoran Gallery of Art's 1908 biennial, and the Temple Gold Medal in the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts' annual exhibition of 1913. One of his greatest honors was winning the Grand Prize at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, which was held in San Francisco in 1915. Among his entries was Summer, now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The New York Times proclaimed in June 1915: "Mr. Frieseke, whose accomplished work is well known to New Yorkers, says the last word in the style that was modern before the Modernists came along. Whatever he does has a sense of design, color, and style. A sense of gayety, an entertaining and well considered pattern, a remarkable knowledge of the effect of outdoor light on color are found in nearly all of his most recent paintings."

He received two gold medals from the Art Institute of Chicago in 1920 and he also won the popular prize, decided by artists as well as the viewing public.

Frieseke was elected an Associate of the National Academy of Design (ANA) in 1912, and an Academician (NA) in 1914. He was decorated as a Chevalier of the French Legion of Honour in 1920, a rare recognition for an American painter.

Collections

Frieseke's work is in many major collections including:

 * Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, Massachusetts
 * Akron Art Museum, Akron, Ohio
 * Art Institute of Chicago
 * Brigham Young University Museum of Art, Provo, Utah
 * Brooklyn Museum, New York City
 * Butler Institute of American Art, Ohio
 * Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, Virginia
 * Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
 * Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento, California
 * Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens, Jacksonville, Florida
 * Detroit Institute of Arts
 * Georgia Museum of Art, Athens, Georgia
 * Grand Rapids Art Museum
 * Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D.C.
 * Huntington Library, San Marino, California
 * Indianapolis Museum of Art
 * Los Angeles County Museum of Art
 * Maier Museum of Art at Randolph College, Lynchburg, Virginia
 * Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
 * Minneapolis Institute of Arts
 * Musée fra-américain du château de Blérancourt
 * Musée Léon Dierx, Saint-Denis, Réunion
 * Museo d'Art Moderna de Ca' Pesaro, Venice
 * Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
 * Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
 * Museum of the National Academy of Design, New York City
 * Musée des Impressionnismes (formerly the Musée d'Art Américain), Giverny
 * National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
 * National Museums Liverpool
 * New Britain Museum of American Art, Connecticut
 * North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh
 * Parthenon Museum, Nashville, Tennessee
 * Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia
 * Philadelphia Museum of Art
 * Saint Louis Art Museum, Saint Louis, Missouri
 * Shiawassee Arts Center, Owosso, Michigan
 * Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C.
 * Telfair Museum of Art, Savannah, Georgia
 * Terra Foundation for American Art, Chicago
 * Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid
 * Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond
 * University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, Michigan
 * Wichita Art Museum

title: Frederick Carl Frieseke


text:
User:VJoO

I am so stuped!I realy thought that Jordan,my x boy-freind,realy liked me. I hate him. Do you hav any advice?

title: User:VJoO


text: Template:International volleyball

title: Template:International volleyball


text:
FCG

FCG may refer to:

Football clubs

 * FC Goa, an association football club in India
 * FC Gratkorn, an association football club in Austria
 * FC Grenoble Rugby, a French rugby union club
 * FC Gütersloh 2000, an association football club in Germany
 * FC Gundelfingen, an association football club in Germany

Other uses

 * Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Portuguese: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian), a Portuguese cultural organization
 * Fire control group
 * Flight Consulting Group, a Latvian holding company
 * Flux compression generator
 * Fluid construction grammar
 * Francis Carruthers Gould (1844–1925), British caricaturist and political cartoonist
 * Fujisankei Communications Group, a Japanese media company
 * The Fund for Constitutional Government, an American civil rights organization

title: FCG


text:
Toada de boi

Toada de boi, also Toada de boi-bumbá, is a style of central Amazonian folk music that has moved into the mainstream in Brazil. It is a combination of traditional Amazonian rhythms with Amazonian Indigenous and African influence. The genre was popularized throughout Brazil and in Europe after Amazonian group Carrapicho's hit "Tic Tic Tac".

title: Toada de boi


text:
Tri-M

Tri-M Music Honor Society, formerly known as Modern Music Masters, is an American high school and middle school music honor society. A program of the National Association for Music Education (NAfME), it is designed to recognize students for their academic and musical achievements and to provide leadership and service opportunities to young musicians. There are approximately 6200 participating chapters in several countries, each of which is run by the students but supervised by an advisor or sponsor, usually a school teacher.

To be eligible for membership, a student must maintain an A average in their music classes, a C average in all of their academic courses, be presently enrolled in a music course at their school, and be recommended for membership by their school's music faculty.

Tri-M was founded in 1936 by Alexander Harley and his wife, Frances. At the time, Alexander Harley was the band director and Music Department Chairman at Maine Township High School East in Park Ridge, Illinois. It has been a program of MENC: The National Association for Music Education since 1983. In 2011, the name MENC was changed to NAfME or the National Association for Music Education.

History
In 1935, Charles Himmel, Principal of Maine Township High School (Now Maine Township High School East) in Des Plaines/Park Ridge, Illinois approached Music Department Chairman Alexander M. Harley about beginning a music honor society for high school music students. Harley, along with his wife Frances began formulating a plan; they decided that the initiates should be among the finest technical and academic musicians at the high school. The entrance requirements were rigorous. In 1936, they initiated the first members of the "Maine Music Masters." One of the first debates of this organization was whether to refer to themselves as TRI-M or 3M. For almost twenty years this organization worked to promote the values of service to the music program, the school, and the community. They were one of the first school organizations to organize canned food and clothing drives and community concerts at nursing homes, civic organizations, and community events. In one school year, the members of TRI-M presented over 300 concerts.

National expansion
In 1952, Maine Township High School Superintendent Harry D. Anderson attended the initiation of TRI-M and felt the organization could have broad appeal to other high schools. He urged Harley to incorporate. With the help of the History Department, TRI-M was incorporated as "Modern Music Masters." Its membership steadily grew and it became an international organization with chapters as far away as Asia and Europe. Harley and his wife traversed the country to start chapters.

International expansion
There is a Tri-M chapter in The Baptist school Amman, located in Jordan. The Yongsan International School of Seoul also fosters Korea's first Junior Chapter Tri-M, as well as a Senior Chapter. The International School Manila also has its own chapter of Tri-M in its high school. Seoul Foreign School, Concordia International School Shanghai, Mont'Kiara International School,International School of Kuala Lumpur, Taipei American School, Singapore American School, Colegio Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Shanghai American School, Nansha College Preparatory Academy, International Christian School, Korea International School Jeju, International School Bangkok, and The American School of Dubai also have Tri-M Music Honor Society chapters. The American Community School of Abu Dhabi and The American School of Doha have thriving chapters as well.

Program of MENC
In 1983, the "Modern Music Masters" officially became a program of the Music Educators National Conference. Its name was changed to the TRI-M Music Honor Society and presently there are over 6200 chapters worldwide. TRI-M continues to promote the ideals of service to the school music program, the school-at-large, and the community.

Alexander Harley died in 1989 and at his funeral, the school flags from the four Maine High Schools, carried by the TRI-M Presidents, were processed in honoring the vision of this man and his vision for music students everywhere. Frances died in 2004.

Awards and honors
Throughout the years, there have been many ways that individuals and chapters can be recognized for their accomplishments to both Tri-M and their local school:

 * Chapter of the Year
 * Top Notcher
 * Honorary Membership

title: Tri-M


text:
Potassium selective electrode

Potassium selective electrodes are a type of ion selective electrode used in biochemical and biophysical research, where measurements of potassium concentration in an aqueous solution are required, usually on a real time basis.

These electrodes are typical ion exchange resin membrane electrodes, using valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, as the ion carrier in the membrane to provide the potassium specificity.

This type of ion-selective electrode is subject to interference from (in declining order of magnitude) rubidium, caesium, ammonium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and lithium. The most significant interference with measurement of potassium concentration is from the ammonium ion, which in practice is a problem where the ammonium concentration is approximately equal to or greater than the potassium concentration. Although sodium is usually present in high concentrations in biological preparations, the degree of interference is low enough to represent an error on the order of only 0.05 parts per million for the normal range of sodium concentration, requiring reduction of sodium only for measurements of very low potassium concentrations. Although the interference from rubidium or caesium is strong enough to require that these ions be present in much lower concentration than the potassium to be measured, this is not usually a problem in most experiments. Interference from calcium, magnesium, or lithium, on the other hand, is weak enough that their presence in normal concentrations is also usually not a problem.

title: Potassium selective electrode


text:
Nuremberg Chronicle

The Nuremberg Chronicle is an illustrated encyclopedia consisting of world historical accounts, as well as accounts told through biblical paraphrase. Subjects include human history in relation to the Bible, illustrated mythological creatures, and the histories of important Christian and secular cities from antiquity. Finished in 1493, it was originally written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel, and a German version was translated by Georg Alt. It is one of the best-documented early printed books—an incunabulum—and one of the first to successfully integrate illustrations and text.

Latin scholars refer to it as the Liber Chronicarum (Book of Chronicles) as this phrase appears in the index introduction of the Latin edition. English-speakers have long referred to it as the Nuremberg Chronicle after the city in which it was published. German-speakers refer to it as Schedelsche Weltchronik (Schedel's World History) in honour of its author.

Production
Two Nuremberg merchants, Sebald Schreyer (1446–1503) and his son-in-law, Sebastian Kammermeister (1446–1520), commissioned the Latin version of the chronicle on 29 December 1491. They also commissioned Georg Alt (1450–1510), a scribe at the Nuremberg treasury, to translate the work into German. Both Latin and German editions were printed by Anton Koberger in Nuremberg. Contracts were recorded by scribes, bound into volumes, and deposited in the Nuremberg City Archives. The first contract, from December 1491, established the relationship between the illustrators and the patrons. The painters, Wolgemut and Pleydenwurff, were to provide the layout of the chronicle, to oversee the production of the woodcuts, and to guard the designs against piracy. The patrons agreed to advance 1,000 gulden for paper, printing costs, and the distribution and sale of the book. A second contract between the patrons and the printer was executed in March 1492. It stipulated conditions for acquiring the paper and managing the printing. The blocks and the archetype were to be returned to the patrons once the printing was completed.

The author of the text, Hartmann Schedel, was a medical doctor, humanist, and book collector. He earned a doctorate in medicine in Padua in 1466, then settled in Nuremberg to practice medicine and collect books. According to an inventory done in 1498, Schedel's personal library contained 370 manuscripts and 670 printed books. The author used passages from the classical and medieval works in this collection to compose the text of the chronicle. He borrowed most frequently from another humanist chronicle, the Supplementum Chronicarum by Giacomo Filippo Foresti of Bergamo. It has been estimated that about 90% of the text is pieced together from works on humanities, science, philosophy, and theology, while about 10% of the chronicle is Schedel's original composition.

Nuremberg was one of the largest cities in the Holy Roman Empire in the 1490s, with a population of between 45,000 and 50,000. Thirty-five patrician families composed the City Council. The Council controlled all aspects of printing and craft activities, including the size of each profession and the quality, quantity, and type of goods produced. Although dominated by a conservative aristocracy, Nuremberg was a centre of northern humanism. Anton Koberger, printer of the Nuremberg Chronicle, printed the first humanist book in Nuremberg in 1472. Sebald Shreyer, one of the patrons of the chronicle, commissioned paintings from classical mythology for the grand salon of his house. Hartmann Schedel, author of the chronicle, was an avid collector of both Italian Renaissance and German humanist works. Hieronymus Münzer, who assisted Schedel in writing the chronicle's chapter on geography, was among this group, as were Albrecht Dürer and Johann and Willibald Pirckheimer.

Publication
The Chronicle was first published in Latin on July 12, 1493 in the city of Nuremberg. This was quickly followed by a German translation on December 23, 1493. An estimated 1,400 to 1,500 Latin and 700 to 1,000 German copies were published. A document from 1509 records that 539 Latin versions and 60 German versions had not been sold. Approximately 400 Latin and 300 German copies survived into the twenty-first century. They are scattered around the world in museums and collections. The larger illustrations were also sold separately as prints, often hand-tinted in watercolour. Many copies of the book are coloured, with varying degrees of skill; there were specialist shops for this. The colouring on some examples has been added much later, and some copies have been broken up for sale as decorative prints.The publisher and printer was Anton Koberger, the godfather of Albrecht Dürer, who, in the year of Dürer's birth in 1471, ceased goldsmithing to become a printer and publisher. He quickly became the most successful publisher in Germany, eventually owning 24 printing presses and having many offices in Germany and abroad, from Lyon to Buda.

Contents
The chronicle is an illustrated world history, in which the contents are divided into seven ages:
 * First age: from creation to the Deluge
 * Second age: up to the birth of Abraham
 * Third age: up to King David
 * Fourth age: up to the Babylonian captivity
 * Fifth age: up to the birth of Jesus Christ
 * Sixth age: up to the present time (the largest part)
 * Seventh age: outlook on the end of the world and the Last Judgment

Illustrations
The large workshop of Michael Wolgemut, Nuremberg's leading artist in various media, provided the unprecedented 1,809 woodcut illustrations (before duplications are eliminated; see below). Sebastian Kammermeister and Sebald Schreyer financed the printing in a contract dated March 16, 1492, although preparations had been well under way for several years. Wolgemut and his stepson Wilhelm Pleydenwurff were first commissioned to provide the illustrations in 1487–1488, and a further contract of December 29, 1491, commissioned manuscript layouts of the text and illustrations.Albrecht Dürer was an apprentice with Wolgemut from 1486 to 1489, so may well have participated in designing some of the illustrations for the specialist craftsmen (called "formschneiders") who cut the blocks, onto which the design had been drawn, or a drawing glued. From 1490 to 1494 Dürer was travelling. A drawing by Wolgemut for the elaborate frontispiece, dated 1490, is in the British Museum. While some art experts may claim to be able to identify which Nuremberg Chronicle woodcuts may be attributed to Dürer, there is no consensus. Dürer was not yet using his monogram, and no artists in Wolgemut's studio signed their work in the Chronicle.

Illustrations depicted many never-before-illustrated major cities in Europe and the Near East. Six hundred and forty-five original woodcuts were used for the illustrations. As with other books of the period, many of the woodcuts, showing towns, battles or kings were used more than once in the book, with just the text labels changed. The book is large at 18 inches by 12 inches. Only the city of Nuremberg is given a double-page illustration with no text measuring about 342 × 500mm. The illustration for the city of Venice is adapted from a much larger woodcut of 1486 by Erhard Reuwich in the first illustrated printed travel book, the Sanctae Perigrinationes of 1486. This and other sources were used where possible; where no information was available a number of stock images were used and reused up to eleven times. The view of Florence was adapted from an engraving by Francesco Rosselli.

Pirated editions
Due to the success and prestige of the Nuremberg Chronicle, which had one of the largest print-runs of an edition during the incunabula (also known as the incunable period of book production c. 1455–1500), one of the first large-scale pirated editions of the Chronicle appeared on the market. The culprit was Johann Schönsperger (c. 1455–1521), a printer working out of Augsburg who produced smaller editions of the Chronicle in 1496, 1497, and 1500 in German, Latin, and a second edition also in German. It was the beginning of unauthorized book editions, pirated editions which capitalized on the success of another author and printer/publisher without consent. Despite the pirating of a successful book, Schönsperger went bankrupt in 1507.

title: Nuremberg Chronicle


text:
Empress of Blandings

Empress of Blandings is a fictional pig, featured in many of the Blandings Castle novels and stories by P. G. Wodehouse. Owned by the doting Lord Emsworth, the Empress is an enormous black Berkshire sow, who wins many prizes in the "Fat Pigs" class at the local Shropshire Agricultural Show, and is the subject of many plots and schemes, generally involving her kidnap for various purposes. In 2005 Hall & Woodhouse, the Dorset-based Brewers of Badger beer, named a public house in Hampshire in honour of the Empress.

Appearances
Once the pig bug has taken hold of her master, the Empress becomes a regular feature in the Blandings books, playing some part in most of the subsequent stories:

 * Pig-hoo-o-o-o-ey (1927, included in Blandings Castle and Elsewhere, 1935)
 * Summer Lightning (1929)
 * Heavy Weather (1933)
 * Uncle Fred in the Springtime (1939)
 * Full Moon (1947)
 * Pigs Have Wings (1952)
 * Service with a Smile (1961)
 * Galahad at Blandings (1965)
 * A Pelican at Blandings (1969)
 * Sunset at Blandings (1977)

Keepers
In the course of the Blandings saga, the Empress is tended to by a large and disparate bunch of pig-keepers, most of them rather unappealing types who, unsurprisingly, smell strongly of pig.

 * George Cyril Wellbeloved, her first and best-known keeper, is a rather unreliable sort, a little too fond of drink and lacking the old feudal loyalty; he defects to the rival camp of Sir Gregory Parsloe-Parsloe for a time, later returning to Blandings (in Service with a Smile), only to further betray Emsworth by joining yet another plot to kidnap the Empress.
 * Pirbright, who holds the post throughout Summer Lightning and Heavy Weather, is a taciturn man does the job in a solid manner, and enjoys a good scrap with would-be pig-nappers.
 * Edwin Pott is an elderly, gnome-like man with no roof to his mouth (rendering his speech rather hard to follow), who appears in Full Moon.
 * Monica Simmons, rather worryingly niece to Parsloe-Parsloe, is nevertheless a highly capable girl despite referring to the Empress as a "piggy-wiggy". Graduate of an Agricultural College, Amazonian Miss Simmons tends her charge well in Pigs Have Wings, and returns to the post in Galahad at Blandings, only to elope at the end with a nephew of Lord Emsworth.
 * Cuthbert Price, who takes over from Simmons, for A Pelican at Blandings.

Adventures
"Pig-hoo-o-o-o-ey", wherein we first meet the noble beast, tells of how she misses her first keeper, Wellbeloved, when he is sent to jail for a spell; her pining is worrisome to her master, with the big show approaching, until she is pepped up by James Belford's hog-calling techniques, returning to her trough with enough gusto to take her first Silver Medal.

Soon afterwards, to Emsworth's disgust, Wellbeloved defects to Sir Gregory Parsloe-Parsloe, whose own animal the Pride of Matchingham is the Empress' biggest rival. In the novels Summer Lightning and Heavy Weather, while she is under the care of Pirbright, she becomes the subject of various schemes: first stolen by Ronnie Fish (who has upset his uncle by bouncing a tennis ball on her back and hopes to get back into his good books by "finding" her again), she is stashed in a gamekeeper's cottage in the woods, and fed by the admirable Beach, but later moved by Hugo Carmody to a caravan owned by Rupert Baxter.

In Heavy Weather, she finds Galahad Threepwood's notorious memoirs, hidden in her custom-built new sty by Percy Pilbeam, and eats the whole book, and not long afterward finds herself in the dicky of Ronnie Fish's car, as he threatens to run off with her if her master refuses to fund Fish's elopement. Throughout this, both Emsworth and Gally suspect Parsloe-Parsloe of being behind all the foul play. The book opens with the Empress about to attempt her second silver medal and the book closes by implying that she won.

In Uncle Fred in the Springtime, she is once again taken captive, and hidden in a bathroom by the Duke of Dunstable, but flees when Lord Bosham lets off a shotgun in her vicinity.

In Full Moon, Bill Lister is twice hired to paint her portrait, and she is put in Veronica Wedge's bedroom for a time by Gally, while in Pigs Have Wings she spends some time at Matchingham Hall, home of Parsloe-Parsloe, having been stolen by the turncoat Wellbeloved in response to Gally's cunning theft of Parsloe's new pig, the Queen of Matchingham. Her subsequent rescue leaves her plenty of time to return to form, before her triumphant third Silver Medal.

In Service with a Smile, a Church Lad teases her with a potato on a piece of string, and Dunstable once again schemes to take her away from Lord Emsworth, planning to sell her to Lord Tilbury, but the plot (involving Lavender Briggs and Wellbeloved) is blocked by the dashing Uncle Fred.

In Galahad at Blandings, dastardly Huxley Winkworth, feeling she is overweight, plots to release her and give her some exercise. When he finally gets past Monica Simmons' able guard, he finds the Empress suffering from a hangover, Wilfred Allsop having dropped a flask of whisky into her trough the day before; she bites his finger, and Emsworth's fears that she may be in danger of infection prove priceless to his own happiness.

title: Empress of Blandings


text:
Talk:Transgressive fiction

Any article on transgressive fiction that neglects to even mention Lolita is not worth its weight in electrons. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 8.18.145.144 (talk) 00:21, 26 March 2012 (UTC)

Shouldn't this be "transgressive fiction" rather than "transgressional fiction"?

Thoughts?

 * I agree. I've not heard 'transgressional' used in this context before. Matthew king 09:54, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

I also agree. I could be misremembering, but I'm pretty sure Palahniuk used 'transgressive' in Postcards from the Future - in a question and answer period he defines the genre and mentions a couple examples. zed 21:07, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

Yes, I too am only familiar with "transgressive fiction," and have never heard the term transgressional until here. Anyone up for making the change? - Sensorium 06:04, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

It's now 2008, and still no change from "transgressional" to "transgressive." --DavidD4scnrt (talk) 09:40, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

Someone left a false message which led to the removal of the second half of the page dedicated to Transgressive Fiction. Is the second half of the article still on file somewhere? I want this second half to be returned, it was full of relevant and useful information. 99.235.216.70 (talk) 17:03, 1 April 2009 (UTC)
 * It's in the history section. It's a tab right next to the 'edit this page' tab. Zazaban (talk) 18:43, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

There used to be a list of titles and authors who contributed to Transgressive Fiction. This list has been removed. WHy has it been removed and how can it be restored? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.236.105.71 (talk) 19:18, 24 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Zazaban (talk) 19:27, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

RE: Non-existant category of fiction
Transgressive Fiction does exist, and has existed as long as the written word has been used to form a thought or idea dealing with taboo subject matter. Transgressive fiction was the earliest work censored, from the Marquis de Sade to William S. Burroughs. To question the exist of transgressive fiction is ignorant. These books exist, and there is no better way to categorize them. Perhaps it is a prudish statement, intended to dispell anything that disagrees with your own fragile beliefs. What else doesn't exist? Sodomy? Drug Abuse? Violence? You can't ignore something just because you don't believe in it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.169.51.32 (talk) 03:45, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

By the same token, "sellic" fiction-- that is literary works that depict characters sitting in chairs-- has always existed. But are such works best understood as "sellic" or "transgressive"? Or does such a label obscure other aspects that made such works notable? Does it not reflect the narrow mind of the censor to look at everything accoridng to whether it depicts something that might make someone uncomfortable? *Perhaps* even you, like he rest of us, are a prude.208.68.128.91 (talk) 15:36, 10 August 2012 (UTC)

History
As others have pointed out there is great confusion in this section. There is no distinction made between works that transgressed societal norms at the time of their publication and works centered on characters who transgress societal norms. Transgressive fiction authors celebrate transgression. Many of the works cited here have quite different aims in mind. Putting de Sade in the same bucket with Moll Flanders is confusing to readers. (Is any novel with a prostitute as a main character supposed to be "transgressive"?) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.190.221.2 (talk) 19:42, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Depends what the content is. Moll Flanders is about a sex worker who is relatively unashamed of what she does. It's not erotic fiction as the "Fanny Hill" novel is, because it doesn't go into much detail but it certainly revels in its main character with a few bits thrown in to keep censorship happy.

 * I know Americans love to revel in the idea that everything they do is new, but it's not and this isn't even the mainly American thing portrayed here. There is a big overlap with the picaresque novel though the content is more extreme. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:4C8:141B:2B64:1:2:CE74:B457 (talk) 11:24, 6 November 2018 (UTC)

Please establish notability and provide a cite
Moving this to Talk:

 * Due to a surge in popularity in the 21st century Transgressive Fiction now has a central hub celebrating authors and books from past classics to contemporary masterpieces.

This has no cite and no evidence of notability.

If anybody wants to move this back to the article, please establish notability and provide a cite from a reliable source.

- WP:N, WP:CITE -

- 189.122.243.241 (talk) 22:24, 6 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Transgressive fiction


text: User talk:68.62.227.136

title: User talk:68.62.227.136


text:
Carl Friedrich Zelter

Carl Friedrich Zelter (11 December 1758  –  15 May 1832) was a German composer, conductor and teacher of music. Working in his father's bricklaying business, Zelter attained mastership in that profession, and was a musical autodidact.

Zelter was born and died in Berlin. He became friendly with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and his works include settings of Goethe's poems. During his career, he composed about two hundred lieder, as well as cantatas, a viola concerto (performed as early as 1779) and piano music.

Amongst Zelter's pupils (at different times) were Felix Mendelssohn, Fanny Mendelssohn, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Eduard Grell, Otto Nicolai, Johann Friedrich Naue, and Heinrich Dorn. Felix Mendelssohn was perhaps Zelter's favorite pupil and Zelter wrote to Goethe boasting of the 12-year old's abilities. Zelter communicated his strong love of the music of J. S. Bach to Mendelssohn, one consequence of which was Mendelssohn's 1829 revival of Bach's St Matthew Passion at the Sing-Akademie under Zelter's auspices. This epochal event sparked a general re-evaluation and revival of Bach's works, which were then largely forgotten and regarded as old-fashioned and beyond resuscitation. Mendelssohn had hoped to succeed Zelter on the latter's death as leader of the Singakademie, but the post went instead to Carl Friedrich Rungenhagen.

Zelter was married to Julie Pappritz in 1796, one year after his first wife, Sophie Eleonora Flöricke, née Kappel, had died. Pappritz was a well-known singer at the Berlin Opera. Zelter is buried at the Sophienkirche in Berlin. The violinist Daniel Hope (born 1973) is a direct descendant of Zelter.

Zelter was the author of a biography of Carl Friedrich Christian Fasch, first published in 1801 by J.F. Unger in Berlin. The novelist Elizabeth Sara Sheppard portrayed Zelter as the character Aronach in her 1853 novel Charles Auchester.

title: Carl Friedrich Zelter


text: User talk:168.9.128.153

title: User talk:168.9.128.153


text:
Chang Heng (crater)

Chang Heng is a lunar impact crater that is located on the Moon's far side. It lies less than one crater diameter to the northeast of the walled plain Fleming. The rim of this crater is somewhat eroded, with a pair of small craters along the northern rim and tiny craters along the south and east edges. The interior floor contains a small, concentric crater that is about one third the diameter of Chang Heng. The crater is named after Chinese astronomer Zhang Heng.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Chang Heng.

title: Chang Heng (crater)