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Polish Land Forces

The Land Forces (Wojska Lądowe) are the land forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 100,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918.

1918–1938

When Poland regained independence in 1918, it recreated its military which participated in the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921, and in the two smaller conflicts ( Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–1919) and the Polish–Lithuanian War (1919–1920)).

Initially, right after the First World War, Poland had five military districts (1918–1921):
 * Poznań Military District (Poznański Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Poznań
 * Kraków Military District (Krakowski Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Kraków
 * Łódź Military District (Łódzki Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Łódź
 * Warsaw Military District (Warszawski Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Warsaw
 * Lublin Military District (Lubelski Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Lublin.

The Polish Land Forces as readied for the Polish–Soviet War was made up of soldiers who had formerly served in the various partitioning empires, supported by some international volunteers. There appear to have been a total of around thirty Polish divisions involved. Boris Savinkov was at the head of an army of 20,000 to 30,000 largely Russian POWs, and was accompanied by Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Zinaida Gippius. The Polish forces grew from approximately 100,000 in 1918 to over 500,000 in early 1920.

In August 1920, the Polish army had reached a total strength of 737,767 people. Half of that was on the frontline. Given Soviet losses, there was rough numerical parity between the two armies. By the time of the Battle of Warsaw Poles might have even had a slight advantage in numbers and logistics.

Among the major formations involved on the Polish side were a number of Fronts, including the Lithuanian-Belarusian Front, and about seven armies, including the First Polish Army.

1939–1945

The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939. The Wehrmacht seized half of Poland quickly despite heavy Polish resistance. Among the erroneous myths generated by this campaign were accounts of Polish cavalry charging German tanks, which did not, in fact, take place. In the east, the Red Army took the other half of the country in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet Pact. Following the country's fall, Polish soldiers began regrouping in what was to become the Polish Army in France.

Both the Polish Armed Forces in the West and the Polish Armed Forces in the East, as well as interior (partisan) forces, primarily represented by the Home Army (AK) had land forces during the Second World War. While the forces fighting under the Allied banner were supported by the Polish Air Force and Navy, the partisan forces were an exclusively land formation.

The army operational today has its roots in the surrogate force formed in support of Soviet interests during the establishment of the People's Republic of Poland after the Second World War. Two Polish armies, the First Army (Poland) and the Second Army fought with the Red Army on the Eastern Front, supported by some Polish Air Force elements. The formation of a Third Army had begun but was not completed.

1945–1989
The end of the war found the Polish Army in the midst of intense organisational development. Although the implementation of the Polish Front concept was abandoned, new tactical units and troop types were created. As a result of mobilisation, troop numbers in May 1945 reached 370,000 soldiers, and in September 1945 there were 440,000. Military districts were organised in liberated areas. The districts exercised direct authority over the units stationed on the territory administered by them.

Returning to Poland, the Second Army was tasked with the protection of the western border of the state from Jelenia Gora to Kamien Pomorski, and on the basis of its headquarters, the staff of the Poznan Military District was created at Poznań. The southern border, from Jelenia Gora to the Użok railway station (at the junction of the Polish, the Soviet and the Czechoslovak borders) was occupied by the First Army. Its headquarters staff formed the basis of the Silesian Military District.

In mid-1945, after the end of World War II, the Polish Army, as part of the overall armed forces, the People's Army of Poland, was divided into six (later seven) districts. These were the Warsaw Military District, HQ in Warsaw, the Lublin Military District, HQ in Lublin, the Kraków Military District, HQ in Kraków, the Lodz Military District, HQ in Lodz, the Poznan Military District, HQ in Poznan, the Pomeranian Military District, HQ in Torun (formed from the staff of the short-lived LWP 1st Army Corps) and the Silesian Military District, HQ in Katowice, created in the fall of 1945.

In June 1945 the 1st, 3rd and 8th Infantry Divisions were assigned internal security duties. The 4th Infantry Division was reorganised for the purpose of creating the Internal Security Corps (KBW). The rule was that military units were used primarily against the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), while the Internal Security Corps was used to fight the armed underground independence.

Often however army units fought the underground resistance, and vice versa. The culmination of the UPA suppression operation was the so-called 'Wisła Action' (Operation Vistula) which took place in 1947. At the same time demobilisation took place, moving the armed forces to a peacetime footing. On 10 August 1945 a "decree of the partial demobilisation" of the armed forces was issued. The next demobilisation phases took place in February and December 1946.

One of the most important tasks facing the army after the war was mine clearance. Between 1944 and 1956 the demining operation involved 44 engineering units or about 19,000 sappers. They cleared mines and other munitions in a clearance area of more than 250,000 square kilometers (80% of the country). 14.75 million munitions of various types and 59 million bullets, bombs and other ammunition were found and removed. The mining operations cost the lives of 646 sappers.

In 1949 the military districts were reduced to four. They were the Pomeranian Military District, HQ in Bydgoszcz, the Silesian Military District, HQ in Wroclaw, the Warsaw Military District, HQ in Warsaw, and the Kraków Military District with its headquarters in Kraków. In November 1953, the Kraków Military District was dissolved and until 1992, Poland was divided into three districts. Following victory and the movement of Polish borders these troops and other Polish soldiers thought loyal to their Soviet overlords were built up into a force which was to form part of the Warsaw Pact. Polish Army troops would have formed part of the second strategic echelon deployed for an attack on NATO's Allied Forces Central Europe.

A Polish Front headquarters was formed in 1958, along with three armies formed from 1955, the First Polish Army, the Second Army, and the Fourth Army, mobilisation-only headquarters that were to be formed within the three districts.

The Polish Front headquarters was deactivated in 1990, and the three-army mobilisation scheme was likewise abandoned. Polish land forces during the communist era included troops dedicated to internal security – the Territorial Defence Forces – and control of the country's borders.

Until the fall of communism the army's prestige continued to fall, as it was used by the communist government to violently suppress several outbursts of protest, including the Poznań 1956 protests, the Polish 1970 protests, and protests during Martial law in Poland in 1981–1982. Troops of the Silesian Military District also took part in the suppressing of the 1968 democratisation process of Czechoslovakia, commonly known as the Prague Spring.

In 1989 the Pomeranian Military District controlled the 8th, 12th, 15th, 16th, and 20th Divisions, the Silesian Military District controlled the 2nd, 4th, 5th, 10th, and 11th Divisions, and the Warsaw Military District the 1st, 3rd, and 9th Divisions, plus the 6th Airborne Division earmarked for Front control. The 7th Sea Landing Division was based within the Pomeranian Military District but probably earmarked for front control. The two districts facing Germany each controlled four divisions in 1990, which had been recently reorganised, in line with the late 1990s Soviet defensive doctrine, from a 3:1 mix of motor rifle : tank regiments into a 2:2 mix of motor rifle and tank regiments.

The Warsaw Military District in the east controlled only the 1st Mechanised Division. Two other mechanised divisions in that district had been disbanded in 1988. There was also the 6th Airborne Division and the 7th Sea Landing Division, possibly intended to form part of a Warsaw Pact attack on Denmark, to open the Baltic straits to the North Sea and beyond. There were 205,000 personnel, of which 168,000 were conscripts.

Since 1989

Following the end of the Cold War the Wojska Lądowe was drastically reduced and reorganised.

In 1992, the Kraków Military District was recreated. From nine divisions, the total was planned in 2001 to fall to four, plus six independent brigades. Since 1 January 1999, Poland has been divided into two military districts. These are the Pomeranian Military District (Pomorski Okręg Wojskowy) with HQ in Bydgoszcz, covering northern Poland, and the Silesian Military District (Śląski Okręg Wojskowy) with HQ in Wrocław, covering southern Poland.

From that date the former Krakow Military District became the headquarters of the Air-Mechanized Corps, which later became the headquarters of the 2nd Mechanised Corps. On 1 September 2011 the 1st Warsaw Mechanised Division was disbanded.

General Edward Pietrzyk served as commander of the Polish Land Forces from 2000 to September 2006. He was succeeded by General Waldemar Skrzypczak (2006–2009).

In May 2014, Defence Minister Tomasz Siemoniak announced plans for the future acquisition of attack helicopters in response to the Ukraine crisis. On 25 November 2015, chief of National Defence Commission Michał Jach, indicated the necessity to increase the number of Polish troops from 100,000 to 150,000. However, Jach stressed that the process was complicated and should not be rushed.

On June 17, 2022, after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and the increase of the Polish armed forces to 300,000. the formation of two new mechanized divisions was announced.

Participation in peacekeeping operations
From the 1950s the Polish Land Forces have contributed troops to peacekeeping operations, initially the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission in Korea. Poland contributed troops to the UNIFIL mission in Lebanon between 1982 and 2009. Poland sent a divisional headquarters and a brigade to Iraq after the 2003 Iraq war. Poland sent ten rotations of troops, manning a significant portion of Multinational Division Central-South. At its peak Poland, had 2,500 soldiers in the south of Iraq.

Poland deployed about ten attack and transport helicopters as part of its force in Iraq between 2004 and 2008. These helicopters formed the Independent Air Assault Group (pl:Samodzielna Grupa Powietrzno-Szturmowa). The division was disbanded in 2008. A Polish Military Advisory Liaison Team (MALT) stayed in Iraq until at least 2011 (see pl:PKW Irak).

One of the most recent peace keeping missions was MINURCAT in Chad and the Central African Republic, where Poland despatched troops from 2007 to 2010. Among the deployed troops were two Reconnaissance companies, a Military Gendarmerie unit, a component of the 10th Logistics Brigade, elements of the 5th Military Engineers Regiment, and three Mil Mi-17 helicopters.

Equipment and modernization

In 2019 a new long-term program designed to modernize the Polish Armed Forces was introduced. Over the period of the next 10 to 14 years a large portion of the equipment currently being used by the Polish Army will be either upgraded or replaced. Some elements of this program are already in place. The Polish Ministry of Defence signed a contract aiming at modernization of all Leopard 2 main battle tanks used by the Polish Army to the Leopard 2PL standard. The completion of this program is planned to take place prior to 2023. The first Leopard 2PL arrived in March 2018.

The Polish Army has 1,009 tanks (2017) including 249 Leopard 2 tanks (117 Leopard 2A4, 105 Leopard 2A5, 25 Leopard 2PL, 2 Leopard 2NJ), 232 PT-91 tanks, that underwent modernization in 2016, and 328 T-72 tanks. 230 of the T-72s are being upgraded by the Bumar-Labedy arms manufacturing plant. Improvements include: installation of new radio communication systems, digital engine control and start-up system, 3rd generation thermal imaging cameras, external transport baskets, and any necessary overhauls and repairs that can improve their longevity and combat ability on the modern battlefield.

Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Poland has donated over 200 T-72 tanks to Ukraine's army, along with dozens of other armored vehicles. As a result of the invasion, the Polish government has expedited the process of modernization of the military equipment. In July 2022, Poland signed a contract to acquire 1000 K2 Black Panther tanks and 460 K9 Thunder howitzers from South Korea for (the cost for the latter was US$2.4 billion). The first batch of K2 tanks and K9 howitzers was delivered in December 2022. Further deliveries are scheduled for 2023-2026 period.

Looking towards the future, the 'Wilk' procurement program envisions the acquisition of up to 500 new tanks. Some of the T-72s and PT-91s will be replaced by M1A2 Abrams SEPv3 main battle tanks (separate from the Wilk program) after Poland signed a contract to purchase 250 Abrams M1A2 SEPv3 tanks (plus ammunition, spare parts, training, and logistical vehicles) on April 6, 2022.

For air and missile defense, acquisitions of Poprad Anti-Air missile systems - which covers very short range air defense (VSHORAD) - are in their final stages. Legacy systems will be replaced through the Wisla and Narew procurement programs. The Wisla program will procure medium range air defense platforms and is being fulfilled through the acquisition of 2 Patriot air and missile defense batteries integrated with IBCS (delivery scheduled for late 2022), with plans to order six further batteries. The Narew program covers short range air defense (SHORAD) and is in its final stages of design selection and contract assignment. Considerable involvement of Polish defense contractors is being planned. After the invasion of Ukraine, Poland ordered 1 battery of the Common Anti-Air Modular Missile (CAMM) short-range air defense system from the UK as a short-term stop-gap, with plans to eventually acquire 23 batteries for the NAREW program.

The Polish army has 863 new KTO Rosomak multi-role wheeled armored personnel carriers. They will be combined with new BWP Borsuk infantry fighting vehicle. The gradual replacement of older BWP-1 with this particular new design is to start from 2023 onward (prototypes are currently being tested).

New rifles (FB MSBS Grot) and pistols (Vis-100) are being brought into service to supplement current FB Beryl rifles as well as to replace FB P-83 Wanad pistols and AKM rifles. A new Individual Warfare System "Tytan" (Titan) is being developed to integrate combat systems designed for individual soldiers and includes a personal computer, new protective uniform, modular body armor, night vision devices, advanced communication system, etc.

To modernize its artillery, Poland has purchased several systems including the WR-40 Langusta rocket launchers equipped with state-of-the-art Topaz fire control. In 2019 the Ministry of Military Affairs ordered 20 M142 HIMARS launchers plus support vehicles. 122 new self-propelled NATO-compatible tracked AHS Krab gun-howitzers will replace the 2S1 Goździk, and new wheeled AHS Kryl howitzers will replace the wz. 1977 Dana. Deliveries of 122 M120 Rak mortars have been ongoing since 2017, plus 60 command vehicles (based on the KTO Rosomak fighting platform) and support vehicles. New reconnaissance vehicles, the Rosomak WRT, began entering into service after 2016.

Rank insignia

 * Officers

 * Other ranks

Divisions

 * 1st "Legions" Infantry Division, in Warszawa (being formed and will move to Ciechanów)
 * Armored Legions Brigade, in Czerwony Bór
 * Mechanized Legions Brigade, in Brodnica
 * Mechanized Legions Brigade, in Ślubowo
 * Motorized Legions Brigade, in Kolno
 * 11th Armored Cavalry Division, in Żagań
 * 10th Armored Cavalry Brigade, in Świętoszów
 * 17th Mechanized Brigade, in Międzyrzecz
 * 34th Armored Cavalry Brigade, in Żagań
 * 12th Mechanized Division "Szczecin", in Szczecin
 * 2nd Mechanized Legions Brigade, in Złocieniec-Budowo
 * 7th "Pomeranian" Coastal Defence Brigade, in Słupsk
 * 12th Mechanized Brigade, in Szczecin
 * 16th "Pomeranian" Mechanized Division, in Elbląg
 * 9th Armored Cavalry Brigade, in Braniewo
 * 15th "Giżycka" Mechanized Brigade, in Giżycko
 * 20th "Bartoszycka" Mechanized Brigade, in Bartoszyce
 * 18th "Żelazna" Mechanized Division, in Siedlce
 * 1st "Warsaw" Armored Brigade, in Warsaw
 * 19th Mechanized Brigade, in Lublin
 * 18th Motorized Brigade, in Poniatowa (Brigade activated on 3 October 2023)
 * 21st Podhale Rifles Brigade, in Rzeszow

Before the end of 2023 will commence the formation of a sixth army division in the center of the country. Minister Błaszczak reiterated, that the future force structure of the Polish Land Forces will be built around "six well-armed divisions."

Independent formations and units

 * 1st Aviation Brigade, in Inowrocław
 * 6th Airborne Brigade, in Kraków
 * 25th Air Cavalry Brigade, in Tomaszów Mazowiecki
 * 2nd Reconnaissance Regiment, in Hrubieszów
 * 9th Reconnaissance Regiment, in Lidzbark Warmiński
 * 18th Reconnaissance Regiment, in Białystok
 * 1st Combat Engineer Regiment, in Brzeg
 * 2nd Combat Engineer Regiment, in Kazuń Nowy
 * 2nd Engineer Regiment, in Inowrocław
 * 5th Engineer Regiment, in Szczecin
 * 4th CBRN defense Regiment, in Brodnica
 * 5th CBRN defense Regiment, in Tarnowskie Góry
 * 2nd Radio-Electronic Reconnaissance Regiment, in Przasnysz

Arms of Service

 * Armored & Mechanized Forces (Wojska Pancerne i Zmechanizowane)
 * Missile Forces and Field Artillery (Wojska Rakietowe i Artyleria)
 * Air Defense Forces (Wojska Obrony Przeciwlotniczej)
 * Air-mobile (Airborne) Forces (Wojska Aeromobilne)
 * Polish Corps of Engineers (Wojska Inżynieryjne)
 * Reconnaissance & Early Warning (Rozpoznanie i Wczesne Ostrzeganie)
 * Signals & Information Technology Forces (Wojska Łączności i Informatyki)
 * Chemical Forces (Wojska Chemiczne)
 * Logistics and Support (Logistyka)

title: Polish Land Forces


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User talk:Alphonsus

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Kalgash
Hello, I have reverted the edit you made to kalgash because it seemed like a note. If you would like to continue conversation, please do so on a talk page such as this. Asides from that, I appreciate your bringing the issue to my attention. I am in the process of updating the image now. Thanks,  Beast of traal   T   C   _  22:20, 9 November 2007 (UTC)Beast of traal

I'm not happy with the statement in this article that it is impossible to have a dark sky at the eclptic poles. The latitude (66.33N) is close to the arctic cirlce, where there can be 24hrs daylight, and conversely some of the 24hrs in twilight, but mostly dark (near the circle, the sun is never far enough below the horizon for part of the day for it to get truly dark). At any given moment on the line of latitude, there will be a point on the opposite side of the planet to the Sun, and therefore in the dark. Alphonsus (talk) 00:29, 27 May 2013 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Alphonsus


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User:Lzygenius

Sundrie Thoughtes on the Wickye-Pædia, Beinge a compendium of uſefull knowlege and Morall Inſtruction, —  eſtabliſhed & maintayned thro. the — Induſtrie & kindnesse of Learned Perſons dwellinge in remote Lands

My interests
 * Philosophy
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I really love the artwork by William-Adolphe Bouguereau.

User:Lzygenius/To_do

My out of date Userboxes: User:Lzygenius/Userbox.

title: User:Lzygenius


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User talk:Galwaygirl

If you want to reach me, you'd best do so on my Dutch talk page.

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Meelar (talk) 23:58, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

My pleasure! I trhink this is some really important material. I will also try and figure out a way to translate the missing articles from Dutch into English. Danny 19:31, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Bovensteenwijksmoer

The article Bovensteenwijksmoer has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Hamlet is not in the cbs statistics, not on plaatsengids.nl, not in the Drenthe monument list. No Dutch wikipedia page"

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Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. KittenKlub (talk) 21:12, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Galwaygirl


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User talk:Ninjawailer

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File source problem with File:Mizrabfinger.jpeg
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File source problem with File:Mizrabs.jpeg
Thanks for uploading File:Mizrabs.jpeg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

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title: User talk:Ninjawailer


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User talk:Bhudiya

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Talk:Polish Land Forces

Stub
Well, it's at stub status now at least. I rendered some of the Polish names into their more traditional Anglo-American English equivalents. The translations and pictures on the Polish Army website were my only guide, since I know almost zero Polish! --Jpbrenna 23:59, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Move
I think it should be moved to Polish Land Forces. It would be more correct in English, I think. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 18:09, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * No objections here - unless - is there an official translation?--Jpbrenna 00:39, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * see: http://www.army.mil.pl/strona_en/home/home.htm (Official Website) --Witkacy 00:58, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Move away then. --Jpbrenna 1 July 2005 05:56 (UTC)

Troop Strength
the article states: 118,000+ 50,000 makes 168,000 So, which on of these three numbers is wrong in the article??? noclador 11:56, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:PZA Loara.jpg
Image:PZA Loara.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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XC-360P designation
Who is changing the designation of KTO Rosomak - to XC-360P??? This is not a designation of Polish Army, and I asume that we are using Polsish Army designation (for exemple BWP-1 instead of BMP-1). The numbers are also wrong, planes have changed since 2002 r. --156.17.233.11 (talk) 21:16, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

 * All I'm doing is using sourced information. If you have better sources than show them but don't remove sourced information (like about the T-72M1Z MBTs).

 * Regards. - SuperTank17 (talk) 21:52, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Then give me a source naming Rosomak-ADV, or polish source using name XC-360P? Army does not care if PT-91 is a newly build or upgraded - those tank are recognized as a one type of vehicle (or give me a source proving that this is otherwise). And I have posted rferences on KTO Rosomak nad WR-40 Langusta.--156.17.233.11 (talk) 22:03, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

 * We aren't in the army. We're on Wikiepdia. WE CARE if it's a PT-91 or T-72M1Z. Its the same way with Old Iraqi Army and T-72M and Lion of Babilon tanks. They didn't care but WE DO.

 * As for that Rosomak designation it seems to be used not only towards Polish vehicles. However I don't have time to research it further right now.

 * Regards. - SuperTank17 (talk) 22:11, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

 * It is specified in the article about PT-91, if you think that you are wiser then army - your problem. You are nor relaying on the sources but posting some your imaginations. --156.17.233.11 (talk) 22:16, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

 * And stop posting "Nowa Technika Wojskowa" as an reference, you should specify an issue and article name. I have a time. --156.17.233.11 (talk) 22:22, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

 * You're missing the point. I'm not saying that I'm wiser than the army but I'm saying that if we want to make a list of AFVs used by Polish army on Wikipedia than we can't make simplifications like this.

 * Regards. - SuperTank17 (talk) 22:27, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Update: the source you put out there isn't a professional website in any way, shape or form. It's just a Wikipedia based mini-encyclopedia which means that it can't be used as source because like Wikipedia it can be changed by anybody. Regards. - SuperTank17 (talk) 22:53, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Update II:Even if the edit option was turned off for that article we still have no proof that Mr./Mrs Corran has professional knowledge of the subject therefore the article still can't be used as a reference. Regards. - SuperTank17 (talk) 23:06, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Update III:I found that the PT-91 article on Militarypedia mentions the exactly the same number of T-72M1Z as the one that I added therefore if you use the Militarypeida to back up your informations about the Rosomak than we should also include it as a source for the number of T-72M1Z tanks. Regards. - SuperTank17 (talk) 09:44, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

Special Forces Weapons
First of all - Special Operacions Forces - not Special Forces, second - SOF are not part of the Land Forces so weapons used by SOF shouldnt be listed in this article.

 * Special Forces Firearms
 * 🇦🇹 Glock 17 (Semi-automatic pistol)
 * 🇩🇪 Heckler & Koch USP (Semi-automatic pistol)
 * 🇩🇪 Heckler & Koch Mark 23 (Semi-automatic pistol)
 * 🇮🇹 Beretta 92 (Semi-automatic pistol)
 * 🇩🇪/🇨🇭 Switzerland SIG P226 (Semi-automatic pistol)(Used only by FORMOZA)
 * 🇩🇪 Heckler & Koch MP5 (Submachine gun)
 * 🇧🇪 FN P90 (Submachine gun)
 * 🇺🇸 M14 rifle (Automatic rifle)(used only by FORMOZA)
 * 🇺🇸 M4 Carbine (Assault rifle)
 * 🇩🇪 Heckler & Koch G36 (Assault rifle)
 * 🇩🇪 Heckler & Koch HK416 (Assault rifle)
 * 🇺🇸 Remington 870 (Shotgun)
 * 🇩🇪 Heckler & Koch PSG-1 (Sniper rifle)
 * 🇺🇸 SR-25 (Sniper rifle)
 * 🇺🇸 M21 (Sniper rifle)
 * 🇺🇸 Remington 700 (Sniper rifle)
 * 🇩🇪 Mauser SP66 (Sniper rifle)
 * 🇩🇪 Mauser 86 (Sniper rifle)
 * 🇺🇸 Barrett M82 (Anti-material rifle)
 * 🇧🇪 FN Minimi (Light machine gun)
 * 🇩🇪 H&K AG36 (Grenade launcher)
 * 🇩🇪 H&K MZP-1 (Grenade launcher)
 * 🇺🇸 M203 (Grenade launcher)

Graphic of the Structure
I created and added today a graphic of the structure of the Polish Land Forces, but there are some Brigades about which I could not find any information! If someone has information about the missing units, please tell me and I will update the graphic immediately. thanks, --noclador 16:51, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

 * These are the Brigades of which I could not find any information and therefore they are only in the graphic with the Brigade icon and all their units are missing.
 * 1 Warszawskiej Brygady Pancernej
 * 3 Brygada Zmechanizowana Legionów
 * 34 Brygada Kawalerii Pancernej
 * 2 Brygada Zmechanizowana Legionów
 * 12 Brygada Zmechanizowana
 * 36 Brygada Zmechanizowana
 * 9 Brygada Kawalerii Pancernej
 * 16 Pomorsko-Warmińska Brygada Zmechanizowana
 * 20 Bartoszycka Brygada Zmechanizowana
 * 1 Mazurska Brygada Artylerii
 * 1 Brzeska Brygada Saperów
 * "2 Mazowiecka Brygada Saperów" doesn’t even have a homepage…
 * 10 Opolska Brygada Logistyczna
 * 15 Sieradzka Brygada Wsparcia Dowodzenia

 * Can you help? thanks, --noclador 16:59, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

 * 10 Brygada Kawalerii Pancernej ✅
 * Judging from this link, the brigade has:
 * * Tank Battalions 1 & 2
 * * Mechanised Dragoons Battalion 10
 * * Command Battalion
 * * Self-propelled Artillery Battalion (Or so. I know Russians call an artillery battalion "divizion" - not to confuse with "diviziya", which is Division. Maybe the Poles do the same?)
 * * Air Defence Battalion (same as above)
 * * Reconnaissance Company
 * * Sappeurs/Combat Engineers Company
 * * Supply company
 * * Maintenance Company
 * * Medical Company
 * Russoswiss 01:05, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the help Russoswiss :-) --noclador 09:39, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Your graphic should look something like this: http://img150.imageshack.us/img150/2662/polandlandforcesri8.png --Corran.pl (talk) 11:36, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

Excessive picture edits:
My take on the situation is that people are getting CARRIED AWAY with pictures, the page clearly lacks any meaningful narrative, yet it is full of pictures, many which are duplicates. I believe that we should revert back and exercise some moderation in this situation, lets not make the page sloppy and cluttered. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.149.136.97 (talk) 01:39, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

It's not sloppy and cluttered though. It's convenient if anything. 71.229.241.228 (talk) 02:22, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

Too many pictures...
In my opinion there are to many pics, looking at other military pages this one looks incomplete with no text, all these silly tables, and bad pictures which clearly belong on the "Equipment of the Polish Army" page. Last time someone tried to add army rank images even though there is a whole page devoted to "Polish Armed Forces rank insignia". Everyone should exercise common sense and not add junk on the page... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.149.136.201 (talk) 01:49, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

Pictures Edits...
Again, someone just comes in and adds a tone of pictures and new charts without considering that the page is getting cluttered. Please take this into consideration, Wiki is not a photo album we still need a lengthy narrative on that page not more pics... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.57.91.34 (talk) 02:51, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Pictures can be removed but not the CORE information of the article. Regards. - SuperTank17 (talk) 15:10, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Oh and another thing: Why are you removing --> SOURCED <-- information? Regards. - SuperTank17 (talk) 16:12, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

Note to SuperTank17...
Hey SuperTank17, let me clue you in on a few things... there are people including myself who were maintaining this page for months before you came in (a couple of weeks ago)... now you think you own this page. 1. you entered so many excessive pictures I had to edit a few, so you got mad a got rid of them all... 2. your tables created a mess and another user had to fix them...

If you don't learn to use commonsense and moderation I will take this argument to the page administrator you can't just come in and run this page like you are the only person in charge of editing, this site is used by so many people and you have to use constructive editing to make this page clear, and easy to use... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.57.91.34 (talk) 23:24, 13 June 2009 (UTC)

 * First of all I never once said that I own that page. Second, there's a good reason for deleting these photos. The article doesn't need them. Having them only makes the article: 1. bigger and 2. more of a mess. Also here's what YOU posted a month ago: "Again, someone just comes in and adds a tone of pictures and new charts without considering that the page is getting cluttered. Please take this into consideration, Wiki is not a photo album we still need a lengthy narrative on that page not more pics...". Has the article became uncluttered in the meantime? Have I missed something? Also you still haven't told me why were you deleting sourced information (look here if you forgot: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polish_Land_Forces&diff=288795790&oldid=288794395). Also I just checked the history record of this article and I counted five contributions of yours to this article which consisted of very small edits, additions of pictures and deleting sourced information. I wouldn't exactly call it "maintaining" this article. - SuperTank17 (talk) 00:10, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

Note...
SuperTank17... please note other Polish military pages, that are maintained by myself and few others for some time now... like the "Polish Navy" or "Armed Forces"... there is a balance between the articles and pics... this makes the page simple yet informative... this is the Wiki standard... also, note other foreign military pages that follow this format... this is what we are going for... people made changes to these pages, but no one went crazy and just started adding "stuff" just because they could, you are welcome to add info, just consider the overall format...

 * How about including pictures but in a gallery format. Instead of making the pictures screw up the equipment tables you could just make an expandable gallery on the bottom or the top of the table. There's also a possibility of adding a slightly smaller version of the picture into the table the same way it is done for example in the Afghan National Army article.

 * Oh and you still haven't explained that deleting of sourced information. And BTW what's with all those triple dots in your messages? Why not just make normal singular dot when you're ending a sentence? - SuperTank17 (talk) 11:04, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

Note...
SuperTank17... please note other Polish military pages, that are maintained by myself and few others for some time now... like the "Polish Navy" or "Armed Forces"... there is a balance between the articles and pics... this makes the page simple yet informative... this is the Wiki standard... also, note other foreign military pages that follow this format... this is what we are going for... people made changes to these pages, but no one went crazy and just started adding "stuff" just because they could, you are welcome to add info, just consider the overall format... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.57.91.34 (talk) 00:28, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

response...
If you have a good idea that will work, than use it. But, keep this in mind... we are trying to have an organized page... what we don't want is something like the "PL Air Force" that's primarly run by some other people. That page has so much "stuff" and it's so disorganized that it's not even displaying correctly when viewed. If you a couple of "good" pics that will help to ilustrate the overall text than add them, but don't just add a ton of pic just because you found them in Wiki Commons... the "gallery" concept is good if maintained properly... an EXECELLENT example of this is the "PL Border Guard" page... []

As for the deletion of sourced information... that was an error...  what was initially noticed was the number of excessive pics and the page was "undone".

As for the "..." it a an informal way of writing, this way you're not too concerned about sentence structure... you just get the point across. But, what does this have to do with editing a Wiki page... it's very childish to include this in a discussion about Wiki content, but then the "17" in SuperTank17 probably stands for your age 17 year old. LOL! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.57.91.34 (talk) 13:51, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Then I will try either concept.

 * Look at your talk page for my opinion about your little comment. - SuperTank17 (talk) 14:19, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

nysa, żuk - vehicles
Why in the name of all that's holy and sacred would anyone put "Żuk" and "Nysa" under military vehicles? Well might as well put all the limos that minister and generals use going with that... seriously. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Barciur (talk • contribs) 21:03, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Where does it say MILITARY vehicles? I don't see that anywhere. Oh and comparing limos used by generals to vehicles that ARE ACTUALLY USED FOR LOGISTIC DUTIES (limited because of their small capacity (up to 4 tonnes of cargo) but still).

 * Also here's a little quote from "List of military vehicles" article:

Military vehicles include all land combat and transportation vehicles[...]

 * Well I think that Żuk and Nysa vehicles fit that description perfectly. Regards. - SuperTank17 (talk) 23:34, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

Ok in that situation I suggest we make a distinction between combat vehicles and other vehicles because in my opinion tanks and żuks shouldn't be in the same category Barciur (talk) 19:15, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I was trying to split the vehicles list into different categories of vehicles (MBTs, IFVs, APCs, recon vehicles, trucks etc.) but it proved to be an extremely troublesome task. Regards. - SuperTank17 (talk) 19:20, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

Hi, guys, just would like to say that this "vans" are out of place here, therefore back all previous opinions up! Thank you Ulan76 (talk) 21:32, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

Equipment pictures
Those equipment lists should be removed to a sub page. The polish army army article should include information on deployments, history, training, oath of allegiance and things that really matter to the polish army. The polish army has a long history, from ww1 - ww2, operations in afghan, and 100s of years in the medieval age. I am going to put the equipment infmation on a sub page. Recon.Army (talk) 10:05, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

Well done mate Ulan76 (talk) 21:33, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

Polish Army in the West 1940-46
Is this page a suitable place to cover the history of the Polish forces that escaped to France and then to Britain in 1939-40 and played an important role in defending Britain from 1940 until their deployment in Normandy? I'm writing a book about the defence of Scotland in 1940-41, and Poles were responsible for defending Fife and Angus. Happy to start a new page if not appropriate. If there is a more suitable page please advise. Thanks. Gjbarclay (talk) 12:27, 5 November 2010 (UTC)
 * The page you want is Polish Armed Forces in the West. Cheers Buckshot06 (talk) 20:58, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

Image edit
No one is censoring your work, so please stop accusing me, or anyone else of doing that. The issue here is that you keep adding a picture that has little connection to the text (it is a static photograph that lacks a historical setting in the background). You can add hundreds of pictures of soldiers, but they are not pictures of historical events, and since images on a wiki page are to be kept to a minimum, they have to be more than a portrait photo. Yet you keep adding this file to every page you edit. --76.118.227.161 (talk) 12:59, 7 December 2011 (UTC)

ERRORS
4th Regiment of Chemistry, Brodnica< 4th Chemical Regiment, Brodnica ; Wojska Specjalne  Polish Special Forces are not part of Wojska Lądowe, but one jpg. from WS is on this site. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.70.126.226 (talk) 14:47, 23 November 2013 (UTC)

error: Michał Jach
This page states that Michał Jach is Polish Minister of Defence. It's clearly not true - Antoni Macierewicz is. Michał Jach is head of Sejm (Parliament's) Defence Comission (I don't know if that's correct translation). I don't have any Wikipedia editing experience, so somebody please correct it. -Mateusz Duchalski — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.25.130.28 (talk) 19:16, 27 December 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 February 2017
Please remove map with locations of Polish Armed Forces bases. There is a map below the article. It may be used by the potential enemy. That kind of information should never be in public web site like wikipedia.org Jacek Zaycev (talk) 15:37, 7 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Wikipedia is not censored. Sir Joseph (talk) 21:12, 7 February 2017 (UTC)

Removing page protection
, does this page still need protection? I don't see any recent persistent incidents. Regards, LukeA1 (talk) 21:11, 21 May 2019 (UTC)
 * We cannot properly judge, because the vandals are sometimes deterred by not being able to vandalize without getting a username, but I agree, no particular recent incidents. Let me ask a third opinion of and then if he says yes too, we could remove the protection. Buckshot06 (talk) 14:11, 22 May 2019 (UTC)
 * It's probably safe to remove the protection. Articles on the militaries of developed economies don't tend to be subject to a high risk of persistent vandalism (charmingly, the vandals tend to focus on those of developing countries). Nick-D (talk) 22:06, 22 May 2019 (UTC)
 * , I'll give you a call if the situation starts to get out of hand. Regards, LukeA1 (talk) 19:52, 23 May 2019 (UTC)
 * , I urge you to remove the protection since unregistered editors are seeking changes to this article (see the section below this one). LukeA1 (talk) 14:22, 26 May 2019 (UTC)

I have unprotected. Let's see how this goes then...happy to reprotect if problems recur. Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 00:14, 29 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you LukeA1 (talk) 10:42, 29 May 2019 (UTC)
 * My apologies - busy IRL; but somebody helped you, I see. Buckshot06 (talk) 18:29, 29 May 2019 (UTC)
 * It's OK! :) LukeA1 (talk) 20:58, 29 May 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 May 2019
EasonChiu610 (talk) 10:52, 26 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. NiciVampireHeart 15:35, 27 May 2019 (UTC)

Strength should be edited to reflect size in 2020
Hello, current strength listed is inaccurate, as of March 2020, Strength of Land Forces is 108,000. This is my first discussion, so apologies if I have messed something up here. If someone who has edit permissions could adjust this number listed in infobox, it would be appreciated. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Shoemelass (talk • contribs) 03:41, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Polish Land Forces


text:
FreeMIDI

FreeMIDI was a popular virtual studio management application by Mark of the Unicorn (MOTU) for the Classic Mac OS. It was used to mimic the physical setup of MIDI devices that are connected to the computer and provide applications and the Mac OS a way for referencing them.

OMS by Opcode also performed similar duties. Some MIDI interfaces provided drivers for both FreeMIDI and OMS, while some only included drivers for one or the other. FreeMIDI included an OMS Compatibility Mode which allowed FreeMIDI to communicate with devices in OMS.

Under macOS, neither FreeMIDI or OMS are used, as those duties are covered by macOS's included Audio MIDI Setup utility.

For those who still have or use Macs that can only run Classic Mac OS, OMS still exists in select music app archives online.

title: FreeMIDI


text:
Yale Lary

Robert Yale Lary Sr. (November 24, 1930 – May 11, 2017) was an American professional football player, businessman, and politician. He played for 11 seasons as a safety, punter and return specialist for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1979 and was also selected for the NFL 1950s All-Decade Team.

A native of Fort Worth, Texas, Lary played college football for the Texas A&M Aggies from 1949 to 1951 and was selected as a first-team defensive back on the 1951 All-Southwest Conference football team. He also played baseball at Texas A&M, led his team to the 1951 College World Series, and set a Southwest Conference record for doubles. He was inducted into the Texas A&M Athletic Hall of Fame, the Texas Sports Hall of Fame, and the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame.

Lary played in the NFL with the Lions from 1952 to 1953 and from 1956 to 1964, missing the 1954 and 1955 seasons due to military service as an Army second lieutenant in Korea. He appeared in nine Pro Bowl games, and was a first-team All-NFL player five times. He led the NFL in punting three times, and at the time of his retirement in 1964, his 44.3-yard punting average ranked second in NFL history, trailing only Sammy Baugh. He also totaled 50 NFL interceptions for 787 return yards, both of which ranked fifth in NFL history at the time of his retirement.

Early life
Lary was born in Fort Worth, Texas, in 1930. He attended North Side High School in Fort Worth, where he was a multi-sport athlete, receiving three letters each in football and baseball, two in track and field, and one in basketball.

Texas A&M
Lary enrolled at Texas A&M University, where he played college football for the Texas A&M Aggies football team from 1949 to 1951. On November 29, 1951, in his last college football game, Lary ran 68 yards for a touchdown and caught a 37-yard touchdown pass, both in the third quarter, to lead Texas A&M to its first victory over Texas in 12 years. After the season, he was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team defensive back on the 1951 All-Southwest Conference football team.

Lary also starred in baseball as an outfielder for the Texas A&M baseball team. He set a Southwest Conference record for doubles and led the 1951 Texas A&M team to the Southwest Conference co-championship, a 20–9 record, and an appearance in the 1951 College World Series.

Detroit Lions (1952–1953)
Lary was selected by the Detroit Lions in the third round, 34th overall pick, of the 1952 NFL draft. He signed with the Lions in June 1952, and played his entire NFL career for the Lions as a safety, punter, and return specialist.

As a rookie, Lary played all 12 regular-season games in the defensive backfield, intercepting four passes and recovering a fumble. He also returned 16 punts for an 11.4 yard average (including a 58-yard return for a touchdown against the Dallas Texans) and 12 kickoffs for a 25.2-yard average. The Lions defeated the Cleveland Browns, 17–7, in the 1952 NFL Championship Game.

In his second NFL season, Lary intercepted five passes in 11 regular season games, and returned a punt 74 yards for a touchdown against the Baltimore Colts on October 4, 1953. The Lions again defeated the Browns, 17–16, in the 1953 NFL Championship Game. Lary was selected to play in the 1953 Pro Bowl.

Professional baseball
Lary also played professional baseball in the summer during his first few years in the NFL. He had been offered a $20,000 bonus by the St. Louis Cardinals after his junior season, but he declined the offer and returned for his senior year at Texas A&M. In January 1953, within days after the Lions' NFL championship, Lary signed a contract to play professional baseball for the Beaumont Exporters of the Texas League. He appeared in at least seven games for Beaumont in 1953. Lary again played minor league baseball in the summer of 1953, batting .429 for the Lake Charles Lakers and also playing for the Macon Peaches. In 1956, he played for the Austin Senators of the Texas League. He concluded his baseball career in 1957, appearing in 24 games for Lake Charles and five games for Austin.

Military service
In May 1954, Lary, who had served in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps at Texas A&M and was a reserve lieutenant, was ordered to report for duty in the United States Army, effective in July. Lary was stationed at Fort Benning in Georgia, and missed the 1954 and 1955 seasons due to military service.

Detroit Lions (1956–1964)
In January 1956, Lary signed a contract to return to the Lions after completing his military service in May 1956. Upon returning to the Lions, Lary became a regular in the Pro Bowl, playing in the all-star match every year from 1956 to 1962 and again in 1964. He also received first-team All-NFL honors in five years: 1956 (Associated Press [AP] and The Sporting News [TSN]); 1957 (TSN, United Press International [UPI], Newspaper Enterprise Association [NEA]); 1958 (AP, UPI, NEA); 1959 (TSN, NEA); and 1962 (AP, UPI, NEA).

During his NFL career, Lary played in Detroit's dominant defensive backfields that also included Hall of Fame inductees Jack Christiansen, Night Train Lane, and Dick LeBeau and six-time Pro Bowl selectee Jim David, with Hall of Famer Joe Schmidt filling in the gaps at middle linebacker. Playing at the right safety position, Lary ranked second in the NFL with eight interceptions in both 1956 and 1962. During his career, he totaled 50 interceptions, which ranked fifth in NFL history at the time of his retirement (trailing only Emlen Tunnell, Night Train Lane, Jack Butler, and Bobby Dillon). His 50 interception currently ranks third in Detroit Lions history behind Dick LeBeau and Lem Barney.

Lary was also known for his speed and evasiveness on interception returns. He returned an interception 73 yards for a touchdown in 1956, and his career total of 787 interception return yards ranked fifth in NFL history at the time of his retirement.

In 1957, Lary helped lead the Lions to a third NFL championship in his four years with the team. On October 13, 1957, he intercepted two passes against the Los Angeles Rams, including one which he returned 63 yards to set up the game-winning touchdown. The Lions defeated the Browns, 59–14, in the 1957 NFL Championship Game.

From 1959 to 1964, Lary was the most dominant punter in the NFL. He led the league in punting average in 1959 (45 punts for a 47.1 yard average and a long punt of 67 yards), 1961 (52 punts for an average of 48.4 yards and long punt of 71 yards) and 1963 (35 punts for an average of 48.9 yards and a long punt of 73 yards). Lary narrowly missed a fourth punting title in 1964, trailing Bobby Walden by one-tenth of a yard (or 3.6 inches) at 46.3 yards per punt. In 1962, he was two-tenths of a yard from the lead, losing the punting title due to a single blocked punt. Over the course of his 11-year NFL career, he punted 503 times for 22,279 yards for an average of 44.3 yards. His 48.9 yard average in 1963 was the second highest single-season total in NFL history, trailing only Sammy Baugh's 51.3 yard average in 1940. At the time of his retirement in 1964, Lary's 44.3 yard career punting average ranked second in NFL history, trailing only Sammy Baugh.

In addition to the length of his punts, Lary was also known for the hang time on his punts and once had a string of six games and 32 punts with no returns. Teammate Joe Schmidt later recalled, "Kicking from the end zone, Yale invariably put the ball across midfield with enough hang time to let us cover the kick. He made our defense look good because he always gave us room to work."

In 1992, sports writer Jack Saylor rated Lary as the second best punter in NFL history. Paul Hornung went further, saying in 2004 that Lary was the best punter ever.

Lary also handled punt returns for the Lions. He returned three punts for touchdowns and was among the NFL leaders in punt return yardage and yards per return in 1952, 1953, 1957, and 1958. He had the NFL's longest punt return in 1957 at 71 yards.

In July 1965, Lary announced that he was retiring from football. He said at the time that "it's too much to move my wife and kids twice a year. It's not fair to them."

Personal life and later years
Lary and his wife, Mary Jane, were married in 1952. They had two children: Yale Jr., and Nancy Jane. Followed by four grandchildren Tara, and Tori Mathews Yale III, and Erin Lary.

Even before retiring from the NFL, Lary served in the Texas House of Representatives, as a Democrat, from  1959 to 1963. In February 1965, he also broke ground on a Ford Motor Company dealership in Fort Worth to be owned by Lary and a childhood friend. He operated the automobile dealership for nearly a decade. He later formed an investment company with interests in real estate, oil and gas leases, and oil and natural gas production. He died on May 11, 2017, at the age of 86.

Honors
Lary has received numerous honors and awards since retiring from football. These include:

 * In 1969, Lary was selected as a defensive back on the National Football League 1950s All-Decade Team.
 * In 1973, he was inducted into the Texas A&M Athletic Hall of Fame for his contributions in both baseball and football.
 * In 1979, he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, becoming only the fifth defensive back to be inducted, and only the second to be inducted for contributions to punting (charter member Sammy Baugh being the first).
 * In 1983, sports writer George Puscas of the Detroit Free Press included Lary on his all-time Lions team.
 * In 1988, he was inducted into the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame.
 * In 1994, Lary was inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame.

title: Yale Lary


text:
User talk:Lzygenius

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 23:59, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

Re:Oh My Gods!
Well, that certainly can't hurt. I do appreciate the work you've put into; please don't take offense at the nomination. Yours, Meelar (talk) 07:18, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)

Images and copyright
I've noticed you defending copyright questionable images... please don't. Wikipedia is not hurting for images, and many of the images that we have misappropriated are of low quality. I'd like to extend an invitation to you directly that if you run across a potentially copyvio image which you think really improves it's article, please contact me and I will make an attempt to replace it. I travel and am able to photograph many things... Gmaxwell 23:15, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry about defending the copyright questionable pictures if I offended you. All I meant was to make a note for future editors.  Truely I could care less about some of the pictures there, but I do understand that others might and I do think that images can greatly enhance an article. Also I have never bothered uploading an image as your comment about the paperclip on Possibly_unfree_images insinuates and no I don't have a good understanding knowledge of copyright.

Again I meant no harm and was just trying to help. --Lzygenius 12:00, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah, Well I wasn't trying to insinuate anything, but I suppose like you 'make a note for future editors'. No one should be uploading images in a manner which is against the law, I wasn't trying to single you out. I appricate your effort to help, but I think I can suggest a better way to help, ... rather than complaining about removing possibly unfree images which make wikipedia less free, you can identify places where articles really need images and they either don't have them or they have unfree ones which are being removed... and you can go nag people who photograph to replace them. :) Gmaxwell 16:36, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Awesome
The bit on your user page rules. Andre ( talk ) 01:41, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

College stub
===>No problem I'm doing a little new page patrolling - you know, deleting nonsense, stub sorting, etc. Thanks for contributing! -Justin (koavf), talk 02:34, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

Fair use images in userspace
Fair use criteria specifically states in proscribing the use of fair use images in userspace, "All other uses, even if legal under the fair use clauses of copyright law, should be avoided to keep the use of unfree images to a minimum" (emphasis mine). This is a matter of policy. I found an additional fair use image on that page (Kern County seal) and remove it as well. No hostility intended here; just adherence to policy. If you have questions about this, I'd be happy to answer. All the best, --Durin 02:05, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * County, local and state governments are NOT U.S. government. As a result, the normal PD status of U.S. government works do not apply to county, local and state governments. Copyright varies by each of these governments. For example, the Count of Sacramento website has a copyright tag on the bottom of its website. For another example,  Kern County Personnel Department has a copyright tag on their website . It is important to note that even if a website does not have a copyright tag, we must presume the information on the site is copyrighted unless the owner of the work otherwise specifically releases their rights under one or more terms. In the case of the U.S. federal government, it is by law that works of that government are in the public domain (except, I believe, in some very restricted cases). --Durin 12:53, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

Joenabie Gamao
Thanks for the quick help on Joenabie_Gamao. I thought it may have qualified for a speedy delete but I wasn't sure.→ Lzy Genius 02:42, 10 July 2006 (UTC)
 * No problem. Pages that are obviously someone's attempt at creating a rudimentary blog or homepage are always a candidate for either speedy deletion or at best moving to that user's userpage (though in this case, because the information was duplicated, deletion was appropriate). If only all cases were so clear-cut! ~ Matticus78 07:19, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Please help on Astronomy
Posted by → Lzy Genius 12:17, 11 July 2006 (UTC) on behalf of the AID maintenance team.

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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Kushiel's Chosen.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Kushiel's Chosen.png. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 23:51, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Bakersfield College logo.png
 Thanks for uploading File:Bakersfield College logo.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 23:12, 24 June 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lzygenius


text:
Vadim Kozin

Vadim Alekseyevich Kozin (Вадим Алексеевич Козин; March 21, 1903 – December 19, 1994) was a Russian tenor, songwriter, and an openly homosexual man until 1934 when male homosexuality became a crime in USSR.

Vadim Alekseyevich Kozin was born the son of a merchant in Saint Petersburg to Alexei Gavrilovich Kozin and Vera Ilinskaya in 1903. His mother was of Romani heritage and often sang in the local gypsy choir. Their house was frequently full of musicians, exposing Vadim to tradition from an early age.

He began to sing professionally in the 1920s, and gained success almost immediately. In the 1930s he moved to Moscow and began playing with the accompanist David Ashkenazi.

During World War II he served in the entertainment brigade and sang for Soviet troops.

In 1944, shortly before the birthday of Stalin, the police chief Lavrenty Beria called him up and asked why his songs didn't involve Stalin. Kozin famously replied that songs about Stalin were not suited for tenor voices. In late 1944, Kozin was sentenced to five years in jail as part of the repression campaign against prominent Soviet performers and was sent to the Magadan labour camps because of his homosexuality.

He was initially released in 1950 and was able to return to his singing career. Though released once again several years later, he was never officially exonerated and remained in exile in 'the spa Magadan' -as he called it- until his death. Speaking to journalists in 1982, he explained how he had been forced to tour the Kolyma camps: "The Politburo formed brigades which would, under surveillance, go on tours of the concentration camps and perform for the prisoners and the guards, including those of the highest rank."

His prison sentence deeply traumatized Kozin, leading to the cessation of his singing career. He even began burning his own records, to the point where his friends were forced to hide their own copies from him in order to preserve them. The Soviet government never officially rehabilitated him and his 90th birthday was celebrated in private among friends in Magadan.

In 1993, while being interviewed by Theo Uittenbogaard for the TV documentary Gold – Lost in Siberia, he recalled how he was released from exile temporarily and flown into Yalta for a few hours, because Winston Churchill, a big fan of his, unaware of Kozin's forced exile, had asked Stalin for the famous singer Vadim Kozin to perform, during a break in the Yalta Conference, held February 4–11, 1945.

Also in 1993, Anna Sadovnikova and Christian Gramstadt made a report (SAT.1) and a film ("Gold, Gulag, Gewalt", ORB ) about the Magadan-Susuman area, which included an interview with Vadim Kozin and recorded his famous Magadan song in his Magadan flat.

He died at the age of 91 in 1994.

Marc Almond included songs from Kozin's repertoire on his 2003 album Heart on Snow and went on to record the album Orpheus in Exile  on which he covers Kozin's songs exclusively. The latter was released on September 7, 2009, to wide critical acclaim.

title: Vadim Kozin


text:
Christine Kehoe

Christine T. Kehoe (born October 3, 1950) is an American politician from San Diego, California. A Democrat, she served from 2004 to 2012 as a member of the California State Senate, representing the 39th district. She was previously a member of the California State Assembly (2000–2004), and of San Diego City Council (1993–2000).

Early life and activism
Kehoe was born in 1950 in Troy, New York. She earned a bachelor's degree from University at Albany, The State University of New York in 1977. She became active in politics in 1978 as a volunteer with the Center for Women's Studies and Services in San Diego. Kehoe was editor of the San Diego Gayzette during 1984–1986, and was San Diego County chair for the campaign to defeat California Proposition 64 (1986) and restore AIDS to the state list of communicable diseases. She was the coordinator of the San Diego AIDS Assistance Fund 1987–1988, executive director of the Hillcrest Business Association 1988–1989, and a city council aide during 1989–1992.

Kehoe, who is a lesbian, is a strong supporter of equal rights for gays and lesbians. A former chair of the California Legislative LGBT Caucus, she was one of five openly LGBT members of the California State Legislature, alongside Senator Mark Leno (D–San Francisco) and Assemblymembers Tom Ammiano (D–San Francisco), Toni Atkins (D-San Diego) and John Pérez (D–Los Angeles).

City Council
Kehoe represented San Diego's 3rd City Council District from 1993 to 2000, and the 76th District in the California State Assembly from 2000 to 2004. She was the city's first openly gay elected official. In 1998, she ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 49th Congressional District against incumbent Congressman Brian Bilbray, but was defeated.

As City Councilmember, she facilitated a decrease in crime in her district by initiating a public/private partnership that built a center housing a library, theater and Head Start classrooms, in addition to other community services. She was also instrumental in the construction of Interstate 15 after multiple delays.

State Assembly
Kehoe was first elected to the California State Assembly in 2000, winning the primary election unopposed and the general election with 61 percent of the vote. She was re-elected without difficulty in 2002.

Kehoe was elected Assembly Speaker pro Tempore, the Assembly's second highest-ranking position. She is the second woman to hold the post.

State Senate
After two terms in the Assembly, Kehoe ran for the California State Senate in 2004 to succeed Dede Alpert in the 39th district. Alpert was termed out in 2004 after eight years in the State Senate.

The district includes the San Diego County communities of City Heights, Clairemont, Del Mar, Emerald Hills, Encanto, Hillcrest, Kearny Mesa, La Jolla, Lemon Grove, Linda Vista, Mira Mesa, Mission Beach, Mission Hills, Mission Valley, Normal Heights, North Park, Ocean Beach, Old Town, Pacific Beach and Valencia Park.

She was re-elected in 2008. She left office in December 2012 due to term limits.

Post-Senate career
In November 2012 she announced that she will become executive director of the California Plug-In Vehicle Collaborative effective January 1, 2013. The collaborative, founded in July 2012, promotes the acceptance and availability of all-electric cars.

In 2016 Kehoe served as one of California's 55 electors in the Electoral College.

Organizations and memberships
Kehoe has been an ardent supporter of increased environmental protection for the state's resources in her appointed position on the California Coastal Commission. Kehoe is a member of the Sierra Club, the National Organization for Women (NOW), National Women's Political Caucus, Uptown Democratic Club, and California Women in Government, the San Diego Democratic Club, and the Women's Transportation Seminar. She is also a member of the Board of Directors of the California Elected Women's Association for Education and Research (CEWAER).

title: Christine Kehoe


text:
Herbert Davis

Herbert John Davis, FBA (24 May 1893 – 28 March 1967) was an English literary scholar and university administrator.

Davis was educated at St John's College, Oxford, where he read classics, graduating in 1914. After service in the First World War, he was appointed to a lectureship in English at the University of Leeds in 1920. Two years later, he moved to University College, Toronto, to be an associate professor; he was guest professor at the University of Cologne in the 1924–25 year, before returning to Toronto, where he was promoted to a full professorship in 1935.

In 1938, he moved to Cornell University to chair the English department (in 1939, he also became Goldwin Smith Professor there), but left in 1940 to become the fourth official president of Smith College, serving from 1940 to 1949, succeeding acting president Elizabeth Cutter Morrow. During World War II, he presided over the creation of America's first Officers' Training Unit of the Women's Reserve (also known as WAVES). In 1949, he was appointed to a readership in textual criticism at the University of Oxford, where he became a professor in 1956. He retired four years later, having been elected a fellow of the British Academy in 1954.

title: Herbert Davis


text:
User:Aberglas

I had contributed to various articles as I get time.

But I have recently came across the Wiki Mafia. The attacks on my work for Sydney Hilton bombing were quite vicious.

It is normally quite fun interacting with others to produce a solid article. But that requires some sensitivity to the views of others. On the other hand, the Wiki Mafia just deleted well researched contributions, with no added contribution of their own, nor any attempt at reconcilliation. Their argument was simple: "our clique is bigger and more established than your clique".

Wikipedia is not worth the angst, so I have left. The Hilton Bombing article can be found at.

(And the long saga of the Wikipedia article can be found .)

title: User:Aberglas