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Talk:Y chromosome

Expression of Y-linked Genes
The article states that *all* Y linked genes are expressed. That seems untrue because only 71 of the Y-chromosome genes have protein-coding potential. Also the total number of genes in the Y-chromosome is 568. Both of these can be found here (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5643963/) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 103.75.161.238 (talk) 14:30, 9 September 2018 (UTC)

This
This article could use a cleanup

"Y is the sex-determining chromosome in many species, since it is the presence or absence of Y that determines male or female sex" Should be changed to something that emphasizes that the presence of Y chromosome determines male sex. The absence of Y chromosome determines female sex.

Things that should go in the Y chromosome article: --nixie 23:26, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Development of understanding y-linked traits (1950s), list of Y linked traits, other disordered arising from multiple Y chromosomes
 * Y chromosome as a degenerate X chromosome (1960s)
 * SRY, sex determining gene
 * mapping and sequencing the Y chromosome, number of genes on Y
 * Most of the Y chromosome doesn't recombine, 95% of the Y chromosome is in the non-recombining region (male specific region) vs pseudoautosomal regions where crossing occurs. Implications for Y chromosome degeneration - losing the Y chromosome (see Prof. Jenny Graves, Bryan Sykes (ick)), evidence that the Y chromosome is not going to be lost
 * Use of the Y chromosome in following the parental line through generations, the Thomas Jefferson-Sally Hemings research is a good case study
 * The disputed ear hair gene that is located on the chromosome. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.238.142.12 (talk) 23:17, 6 July 2008 (UTC)

 * "This article could use a cleanup" of what? To include a large number of assertions that have been proven wrong since their introduction?

The sentence:

"The chromosome may be used to trace sexes have unpaired X chromosomess; in the other, both females and males have XX."

in the opening paragraph does not seem to make sense, unfortunately I don't know enough about the topic to be able to change it. Perhaps someone more knowledgeable could make this sentence more clear.

I added link to Wiki's "Y linkage" article at ppg1 Mydogtrouble (talk) 00:10, 26 March 2014 (UTC)

 * There are plenty of sentences that make no sense; some passages seem barely even to be in English. Usually I'd just copyedit rather than grumbling but with respect to some of the errors here I can't even tell what the author meant to say. You're definitely right that it needs cleanup, ideally by someone very familiar with the subject who is also a native English speaker. atakdoug (talk) 23:09, 31 March 2023 (UTC)

Unpaired chromosome
From reading the article, it says that the Y chromosome is the only unpaired chromosome and thus can't repair normally. This makes sense, but what about the unpaired X chromosome in males? Wouldn't that suffer from being unable to recombine too? Scott Ritchie 07:31, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Yes...if the X could never find another X. But every time a male sires a daughter (roughly half the time) he provides his X chromosome with a partner X to practice normal recombination like other autosomes. Since no woman can pass on a Y chromosome to viable offspring, the Y chromosome never meets a similar match. It becomes the loneliest chromosome. --ScottieB (talk) 01:44, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I was looking on the page for a discussion of non-recombinant Y chromosome, and the small portion of recombinant Y. This dicussion appears to be missing from the page, part of the Y chromosome is homologous with X and some recombination does occur. This is tangential to the quesiton you ask, but X and Y do pair prior to meiosis by these homologous region and allows the two to segregate properly. This discussion in this page is lacking.PB666 yap 19:24, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

The article uses the term "heterozygous" under Shrinkage (" a similar loss of function in their heterozygous sex chromosome". The correct term is "hemizygous", (see article on Zygosity) or possibly just rewrite the sentence to talk about "heterogametic sex". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.104.8.8 (talk) 14:07, 22 February 2011 (UTC)

Flawed and doomed?
I ran across an article in the New York Times, here's the link http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~premed/The%20New%20York%20Times%20%20Science%20%20A%20Conversation%20With%20Bryan%20Sykes%20Is%20Genghis%20Khan%20an%20Ancestor%20Mr_%20DNA%20Knows.htm

Dr. Bryan Sykes, a human genetics professor at Oxford University, says that write the Y chromosome is flawed and doomed, and predicts that it will disappear in 120,000 years. I don't know much about genetics, but maybe some of you can shed some light on this and what other genetics professors think of Sykes theory.--Moosh88 22:16, 4 February 2006 (UTC)
 * There are two new popular science books out this year on Y, his and another (Jones I think). I think Sykes exaggerates a bit for popular literary effect, but I liked his Seven Daughters of Eve (which deserves an article). Someone here should volunteer to read both and synposize them here, don't you think? alteripse 23:13, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Yes, I think an article should be written. So do you know if what Sykes says is true?--Moosh88 04:40, 6 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It is speculation. I am sure he has his basic facts right, but his extrapolation into the past is somewhat imaginative and into the future is pretty iffy. alteripse 05:07, 6 February 2006 (UTC)
 * From what I understand, most geneticists agree that the Y chromosome was probably larger in the past, and has shrunk through time. That might deserve mention in this article, although I hesitate to add it without having sources to back it up. I agree that Sykes' prediction that the Y chromosome will disappear entirely is pretty speculative. It's hard for me to imagine what selective pressures would favor a complete loss of the Y chromosome, and I can think of some pretty good reasons its total loss would be selected against. --Geoff 06:41, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

Read the bottom.

That means that many of the genes on the Y chromosome do occur as pairs. Page says members of these pairs appear to be swapping out or recombining with each other -- allowing the genes to repair themselves when they get damaged.

Page says this helps explain why these genes have been able to persist despite millions of years of assault from random mutations. And, he says, it means the Y chromosome won't simply keep shrinking away until it disappears altogether.

--Vehgah 06:28, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

Y chromosome gen map
There are 322 genes on Y chromosome.

New content: I found many articles today stating that a new Research conducted in Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts w proves that the Y chromosome might not in fact disappear in another 5 million years as previously thought. I think this ought to be included in the article.  Adi Weerasinghe (talk) 13:01, 23 February 2012 (UTC)

XYY
I recommend deleting the last three sentences about the inaccurate and obsolete "criminal karyotype" concept in the paragraph about 47,XYY in the Chromosome-linked diseases section. I agree that the concept is inaccurate and obsolete and that explaining how the concept arose and was subsequently disproved is important, but I do not think this can be done in three sentences and trying to do so introduces other inaccuracies and should not be part of an encyclopedia article about the Y chromosome. It is inaccurate to generalize:
 * When chromosome surveys were first done in the 1960s, it was reported that a higher than expected number of men in prisons were found to have an extra Y chromosome.

It is incorrect to say:
 * Better population surveys have since demonstrated that the association was simply that boys and men with learning problems are more likely statistically to spend time in prison and that there is no other independent statistical association with extra Y.

In the mid-1960s, large, comprehensive chromosome surveys of British special hospitals for the mentally retarded found a higher than expected number of tall, mentally retarded XYY patients.

After this, several, much smaller, highly selected and biased studies of institutionalized, tall, mentally retarded men and boys in other countries found some with an XYY karyotype--including a very few in prison. The only large, comprehensive, nationwide chromosome survey of institutionalized XYY males was done in Scotland in the mid-1960s and found that XYY men were not overrepresented in prison. Panda411 07:00, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

 * We can certainly change wording to improve accuracy, but I want to be sure I understand your dissatisfaction with the existing paragraph, which I originally wrote. Since there is an entire article on XYY syndrome I was trying to concisely confirm that

 * 1) xyy is indeed the "criminal karyotype" that the reader vaguely remembers hearing about,
 * 2) that the concept is erroneous and the association with criminal behavior false,
 * 3) because it arose from an ascertainment bias in the first decade of kt research, and was probably found because of the somewhat higher rates of mental impairments of all kind in institutionalized males.

 * So I don't understand which of those concepts you disagree with, as your expanded version seems entirely consistent with my brief one. And since I had not even looked at the XYY syndrome article until right now, I note that it entirely lacks a discussion of this issue. If the association were entirely dead and remembered by no one, I would not try to resurrect it, but I regularly run into medical students or others who have some vague memory of hearing about a "criminal karyotype": if we dont acknowledge it, we can't refute it. Should we further shorten it to something like this "Most men with this syndrome have no distinguishing behavioral or body features, but within the group of XYY men there are more with learning problems than in the general population, and men with XYY are taller than average. An association of XYY with criminal behavior originally reported in the 1960s was erroneous." and put your fuller story in the xyy syndrome article? alteripse 12:40, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

I have both general and specific disagreements with the last three sentences of the current XYY paragraph and the proposed shorter alternative sentence: General disagreements about discussing the false "criminal karyotype" concept in this article or the XYY article: Specific disagreements regarding the current last three sentences: Specific disagreement regarding the proposed shorter alternative: "An association of XYY with criminal behavior originally reported in the 1960s was erroneous.":
 * 1) I think the first four sentences of the XYY paragraph that you originally wrote are an excellent summary of the condition and are perfect for this article about the Y chromosome, but I disagree with devoting most of the paragraph to discussing why decades-old misinformation about the condition is wrong. I think both the summary of the XYY condition in this article and the main XYY article should address what it is, not what it is not.
 * 2) The best place for refuting misinformation about XYY would be in a separate article on the History of the XYY Syndrome, but writing such an article consise enough for an encyclopedia would be difficult since there is no good book or article in print or online that does this well.
 * 3) Discussing something that was not and is not true can perpetuate it. For example, using several popular search engines to look up the phrase "criminal karyotype", all but two of the results came from this Wikipedia article. The other two results were: 1) a clinical scenario for a clinical genetics specialist about a patient finding decades-old misinformation on the internet about a "criminal karyotype", and 2) a high school essay by a 10th grade student quoting misinformation about a "criminal karyotype" from a 30-year-old book.
 * 1) The first chromosome surveys in the 1960s found a higher than expected number of tall, mildly mentally retarded XYY patients (not criminals) in the only four British special hospitals (not prisons).
 * 2) Most of the XYY patients had been institutionalized in a system (during its peak years) of mental handicap hospitals that has since been dismantled (there were scandals in the 1960s exposing horrible conditions in some underfunded hospitals). Most of the XYY patients had never committed a crime against a person. Many of the XYY patients were in the special (security) hospitals because they had frequently run away from non-security mental handicap hospitals where they had been institutionalized since childhood.
 * 3) The first and only large and comprehensive survey of prisons was done in Scotland in the 1960s and did not find a higher than expected number of men in prisons to have an extra Y chromosome.
 * 4) There have not since been better population surveys demonstrating that boys and men with an extra Y chromosome are statistically more likely to spend time in prison.
 * 5) Referring to the "criminal karyotype" concept as "inaccurate and obsolete" could be misunderstood to suggest that it is merely outmoded or passé.
 * This is not accurate since large population studies of 12 XYY men in Copenhagen in the 1970s and 17 XYY men in Edinburgh in the 1990s found they had higher lifetime criminal conviction rates (for minor property crimes), but that lower intelligence in the XYY men with convictions accounted for this. XXY and XY men with lower intelligence also have higher criminal conviction rates. Panda411 06:27, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Ok, thanks for clarifying and supplying details-- I have no doubt your details are correct. I won't quibble with your wording objections and I don't feel strongly that we need to leave the "criminal karyotype" phrase in this article. Go ahead and change.

However, I do have a substantive disagreement with the bigger issue, which is whether we should even allude to and explain the urban legend about the "criminal karyotype" (call it CK for short) somewhere. So pretend we are having this same discussion on the XYY syndrome page because that is really where it should be. There are two arguments for dealing with it. First, I had heard of this CK business long before wikipedia existed and it has been known to be erroneous since the late 1970s if not sooner. Nevertheless it never dies, and I assume by now it is college and high school teachers who have been propagating it, because I still occasionally run into students or residents who have a vague memory of having heard that sometime long before. Maybe you are right and no one but me is keeping it alive, but I doubt it, which brings us to the second reason I disagree with you. The nature of wikipedia is such that if we remove it, someone will add it to one of the two articles within a year (maybe within a month) thinking they are being helpful and complete. I would rather acknowledge the folklore nature of it and refute it as you did above. The most parallel example I can think of is the ever-recurring rumors about which movie star has androgen insensitivity syndrome: the name changes but the rumor never dies, and I think it best to simply acknowledge it as folklore with a life of its own (and you can see in the article and on the talk page how I handled it). So please write up a brief summary for the XYY syndrome article so you have immunized it against more pernicious versions and we can remove it anywhere else it crops up. If you don't I probably will and you seem to know more details and care more about the exact wording. Thanks. alteripse 19:23, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I am still concerned that an adequate refutation of the criminal karyotype concept would take up a disproportionate portion of the much shorter XYY syndrome article, devoting too much of the article to what the XYY syndrome is not. I think the most appropriate place to refute the criminal karyotype concept would be in a separate article on the History of the XYY syndrome discussing how misconceptions about it arose, leaving the XYY syndrome article to discuss what the XYY syndrome actually is. The short paragraph in the much longer androgen insensitivity syndrome article acknowledging and dismissing recurring false rumors is fine because the paragraph takes up less than 2% of the article text and there is nothing to support the rumors.

 * Although this Wikipedia article's inclusion of the phrase "criminal karyotype" may help keep that specific phraseology alive, I didn't mean to imply that that phrase, or you, or this article was what was keeping the unfair association of XYY with crime alive.

 * The reason you run into medical students and residents who associate XYY with crime is because some leading medical textbooks teach them that. An example of uneven progress:

 * The multi-author, two-volume, 3760-page, $279 hardcover Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th ed. (2005) is the first edition in the 38 years since its first edition in 1967 that does not mention XYY.

 * Unfortunately, medical students and residents reading about Genetic Factors--Chromosomal Influences in Chapter 4.4 on Aggression in the lighter and more affordable 1460-page, $89 paperback Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 9th ed. (2003) are taught that:

 * Early studies indicated persons with the XYY syndrome could be characterized as likely to be apprehended and in prison for engaging in criminal behavior. Subsequent studies indicated that the XYY syndrome contributes to aggressive behavior in only a small percentage of cases. A famous case of an XYY insanity defense is illustrated in Figure 4.4-1.

 * Figure 4.4-1 is a large photo of a man who forty years ago this week committed one of the worst mass murders in American history. The caption gives his name, then explains that:

 * He was convicted in 1966 of slaying eight nurses in Chicago by stabbing and strangulation. His legal defense was based on his genetic makeup, which was XYY. Individuals with these genes have been reported to be tall, mentally retarded, have acne, and show aggressive behavior.

 * His legal defense was in fact not based on his genetic makeup which was never mentioned at any time during his trial or appeals. His karyotype was found to be 46,XY on two separate occasions (in 1966 before his pre-trial competency hearing and again in 1968 before his state appeal) by Dr. Eric Engel, a Swiss endocrinologist and geneticist then at Vanderbilt University studying sex chromosome abnormalities at whose request the studies were done confidentially for research. Detailed results were made public by the man's public defender at a news conference the day after he lost his state appeal in 1968. Dr. Engel published a photograph of the man's normal 46,XY karyotype in a scientific journal article in 1972. Mental retardation, acne, and aggressive behavior are not characteristic of XXY individuals.

 * The photo and caption first appeared in the Forensic Psychiatry chapter of the first edition of Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry in 1972 where it was merely one of five photos illustrating "a variety of cases in which mental illness was a legal issue." The photo and caption then disappeared for 31 years and 7 editions before returning to illustrate the 9th edition's chapter on Aggression in 2003. Panda411

Clearly you know more about the history of this than I do and your details are fascinating. I remember being told in medical school about 100 miles from Chicago in about 1973 that Richard Speck had an XYY kt but I don't even remember the context of the talk (psychiatry or genetics or something else). I have no reason to disbelieve your story that it had been refuted in a medical journal in 1972-- clearly the lecturer was not up to date or I remembered exactly the wrong version of the story. It seems to be very hard for teachers to relinquish a vividly illustrative story even when it turns out to be false. I am quite surprised to hear that any medical texts were still purveying the CK story after the 1980s because even we non-geneticists knew it was false by then. Go ahead and put all this into a separate history article then, but the XYY syndrome article will need a link and a sentence saying the CK story is false. I have a bit of sympathy with your desire to simply ignore it but too much experience at wikipedia to think some version won't be put back in within weeks or months. alteripse 11:47, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Origins and Evolution section
The following sentence appears to make no sense: "However, recombination between the X and Y chromosome was harmful because it provided males without needed male genes or females with unneeded male genes." --Xyzzyplugh 18:10, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

It seems meaningless to me also. Anyone have any idea what was intended? alteripse 19:46, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Under Human Y chromosome, I see the reference to '78 genes' (ref is not cited) while earlier under 'origins' I saw reference to '86 working genes' in the human Y chromosome (this does cite a reference). One of these must be wrong.

 * Indeed. In fact, the X chromosome article says:

 * The X chromosome contains about 2000[2] genes compared to the Y chromosome containing 78[3] genes, out of the estimated 20,000 to 25,000 total genes in the human genome. Giridhar (talk) 08:43, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

I have a concern about the Shrinking segment, specifically the first paragraph. I understand how a harmful mutation could not be removed via recombination, but wouldn't that make its bearer less likely to survive and/or reproduce, thus lowering the mutation's frequency in the population? This is the normal case for most deleterious mutations: those that receive are doomed to fail to pass them on. It seems unlikely a species would merely endure until a fortunate coding change or massive deletion wiped out the mutation. I am not an expert, so I am asking for either clarification of the theory or an appropriate reference.--ScottieB (talk) 01:50, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

How does this effect Y chromosome evolution?
This was written in the development of Y chromosome - Gene conversion section:

''This recombination phenomenon RecLOH is also observed in Genetic Genealogy when multicopy Y-STR markers located at adjacent palindromic arms change from different repeat counts to twin alleles of equal length. Often 2, 3 or more Y-STR markers are involved in the same recombinational event and change to twin alleles at once.''

How does this affect the development of the chromosome? That's what the section tries to explain, and is not a dump of trivia. So what makes this not a trivia in this case? Mikael Häggström 17:32, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

0.38%: Length of Y chromosome as a pecentage
In humans, the Y chromosome spans 58 million base pairs (the building blocks of DNA) and represents approximately 0.38% of the total DNA in a human cell. How is this number calculated? --Max Shakhray (talk) 15:15, 26 August 2009 (UTC)
 * According to another article, there are 3,080 million base pairs in a male's genome. Thus Y-chromosome contains approx. 1.88% of the genome. How was the 0.38% calculated? --Max Shakhray (talk) 22:32, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

According to http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome=Y the number should be almost 2%. I've not been able to verify the 0.38% figure so have edited the article. 76.218.82.48 (talk) 03:17, 14 November 2009 (UTC)

Is this coding only or including junk DNA? --JWB (talk) 05:50, 14 November 2009 (UTC)

I think the 2% is still a problem in the way it is presented. If we are measuring the Y-chromosome as a percentage of the length of the reference sequence then this is correct. But if it is "of the total DNA" then it is wrong since there are two copies of all autosomal chromosomes and only 1 copy of the Y-chromosome. Thus the figure is 59 million / 6 billion. I think either the figure should be changed to 1% or the wording of the article should be changed to something like "approximately 2% of the length of the reference genome" Shaze (talk) 10:57, 14 September 2014 (UTC)

Recent article
I just ran into this : http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/14/science/14gene.html?hp and thought I'd see what Wikipedia had to say. I see little of this nature on the page, and seeing as Nature (in this case the journal) is a good source, thought a sentence or two might outline the apparently rapid evolution of the Y chromosome. Yes? Eccomi (talk) 01:14, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

XX male syndrome and homosexuality?
The "XX male syndrome" includes the following sentence:

"Thus, leading your child to having a higher chance in being homosexual. While possible, this does not appear plausible in any sense."

This sentence deserves at least a "citation needed", if not complete removal. The awkward sentence structure leads me to believe it's likely to be a troll edit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.70.54.238 (talk) 11:04, 28 December 2011 (UTC)

There's certainly no 'awkward' sentence structure you claim to exist. It does however come across as a 'joke', almost at the level that the SRY gene always leads to a male gender. Considering the existence of intersexed conditions, which are part of the reason why some people transition gender.

Future Evolution
The "future evolution" section seems speculative and largely contradicts the much more credibly written "shrinking theory" section. I'm not an expert, but it seems like it would be good for someone who is to rewrite this to reflect the science cited earlier in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 23.24.213.205 (talk) 00:07, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

False allegations

 * The idea that the Y chromosome was named after its similarity to the letter "Y" is mistaken. All chromosomes normally appear as an amorphous blob under the microscope and only take on a well-defined shape during mitosis. This shape is vaguely X-shaped for all chromosomes. It is entirely coincidental that the Y chromosome, during mitosis, has two very short branches which can look merged under the microscope and appear as the descender of a Y-shape.

What kind of bullshit is this? They already had microscopes back in 18. century. Please remove such false allegations by crooks who just want to get into newspapers: The source isn't reliable. --178.197.228.54 (talk) 15:40, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

 * The passage does not say anything about not having microscopes. It implies just the opposite.  The reliability of sources is not judged by whether or not you happen to agree or disagree with them.  The source for this passage is a book published by Harvard University Press, it was written by David Bainbridge, a scientist notable enough to have an article here, and it won the American Association of Medical Writers' Prize.  If you have sources superior to that then let's hear about them, but see if you can do it a little more politely.  Spinning  Spark  17:40, 20 October 2013 (UTC)

Number of genes in the human Y chromosome
While under the heading "Degeneration", it is mentioned that "By one estimate, the human Y chromosome has lost 1,393 of its 1,438 original genes over the course of its existence.." (leading to a current count of 45 active genes), a little while later, under the heading "Human Y Chromosome", the following appears: "The human Y chromosome contains over 200 genes, at least 72 of which code for proteins."

This seems to be a contradiction. 78.166.205.29 (talk) 06:32, 13 March 2017 (UTC) Murat Kayi

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Shrinking
(My original research, not in article.) The literature says that there has been one gene lost, from the human Y chromosome, in 25 million years. There have been, at least, these species since the split from the rhesus macaque: Hominidae, Homininae, Hominini, Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus afarensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo rhodesiensis, and Homo sapiens. There may well be more. Our species may not descend from any of these, but they are the only ones we have found so far. This means that 9 species have existed and gone extinct, while only one gene has been lost, therefore, including Homo sapiens, 10 species have lost one Y chromosome gene during that time, meaning it is certain that 9 species did not lose any Y chromosome genes.

Continuing at this rate of loss, it will take 1,125,000,000 years for all human Y chromosome genes to be lost.

Thus for all practical purposes the human Y chromosome is no longer losing genes. Nick Beeson (talk) 14:29, 29 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Nick Beeson, I reverted this. Why are you making that edit based on your own original research?

 * I think that, via Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Molecular Biology/Genetics and Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Molecular Biology/Molecular and Cell Biology, we should get more opinions on this.

 * No need to ping me if you reply. Flyer22 Frozen (talk) 02:14, 30 September 2020 (UTC)

Move page to "Human Y Chromosome"
This page (as shown in the figure on the right) is specifically about the Human Y chromosome, evolved from a primordial mammalian Y chromosomes. There are plenty of examples of other Y chromosomes in nature (both plants and animals) and they don't all have the same features (or genes) of the human Y chromosome. Please, as a first step, could this article be renamed/moved to reflect this? Apologies, I have not edited anything on WP for years and don't seem to have access/ability to rename the page. Further proposed edits:
 * link to other pages on XY sex determination systems.
 * distinguish features and mechanisms common to all Y chromosomes (lack of recombination, degeneration of content, male only inheritance) from the specific content of the human/mammalian Y chromosome (e.g. repeat content, SRY) — Preceding unsigned comment added by GinReaper (talk • contribs)
 * The article is not only about the human Y chromosome. What picture is used to illustrate it doesn't matter. Crossroads -talk- 04:14, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

 * All of the entries in the table with the exception of "type" are specific to the human Y chromosome. This table and image composition seems to be copied (provided?) as per individual pages concerning other numbered human chromosomes e.g. Chromosome_21 . I also think that page should be named "Human Chromosome 21"

 * The first paragraph of this current page (above the table of contents), is written from the perspective of the human Y chromosome. The presence of SRY is not common to all Y chromosomes in nature. It is not known outside therian mammals.

 * "The DNA in the human Y chromosome is composed of about 59 million base pairs.[5] The Y chromosome is passed only from father to son. With a 30% difference between humans and chimpanzees, the Y chromosome is one of the fastest-evolving parts of the human genome.[6] The human Y chromosome carries an estimated 100-200 genes, with between 45 and 73 of these protein-coding."

 * The long section Y_chromosome is written exclusively about mammalian Y chromosomes and with the seeming intent to inform us about the past and potential future evolution of the human Y chromosome.

 * The sentence: "With a 30% difference between humans and chimpanzees, the Y chromosome is one of the fastest-evolving parts of the human genome." has a reference to a New York Times article, referencing a Nature publication. This is wildly speculative for an opening paragraph. All the research really found was a 30% difference between chimpanzee Y chromosome sequencing and human sequencing. There is no proven evolutionary direct link between chimpanzees and humans. Therefore what this states as fact is guesswork speculation.

 * The section Y_chromosome suggests that Y chromosomes (and by extension XY systems) outside therians are of the ZW or some other form whereas many taxa have analagous (but not homologous) XY systems - notably flies, including Drosophila. Here is a good ref: https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001899  GinReaper (talk) 19:46, 12 April 2021 (UTC)

If my memory serves I was responsible for introducing the therian distinction to disambig from the other happens-to-be-XY systems. I am for the move from "chromosome n" to "human chromosome n" in general, although I am not sure how such a move discussion will work. For this article specifically, moving to human and relegating things to "other" would hopefully clean up the structure a bit, but we do need to think about how do go about that. --Artoria2e5 🌉 06:30, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

That poor data
Poor data and personal input such as "This discovery requires a revision of the theory of Y chromosome generation." has been added to this article by EvgFakka. If no one raises their hand to fix it, I will do so. For now, I put it here for review. GBFEE (talk) 19:31, 9 December 2021 (UTC)

I agree, this area is replete with a lot of contradictory data. So far it is known that the development of the female embryo is an active gene-oriented process, and not as in the middle of the 20th century we were told that this development goes by default. The DAX 1 gene is difficult because it is necessary for the development of testes. Yes, it is attributed to an antimusclinic effect, but it depends on the time. The genes Rspo1, WNT4, etc. are responsible for the development of the ovaries. Perhaps you are right here. I will personally delete this certificate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by EvgFakka (talk • contribs) 09:45, 11 December 2021 (UTC)

The only thing that needs to be corrected is to consider some issues. Because the presence of the Y chromosome, as you can see, may not be necessary for the development of the male sex. There are various kinds of oddities when XX individuals, with only the presence of the SRY gene, become men. Or XX individuals in the absence of the SRY gene also undergo a sex change from female to male. There are many theories, ranging from the Z gene, which suppresses the male development of the embryo, to the complex interactions of a whole chain of genes that are necessary for the development of a male or female embryo. — Preceding unsigned comment added by EvgFakka (talk • contribs) 09:49, 11 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I think you've gotten better at communication, EvgFakka, and I appreciate it. Okay, a thing we have to know when we work on Wikipedia pages, EvgFakka, is how to weight and report on recent data. Telling people "Because the presence of the Y chromosome may not be necessary for the development of the male sex." is an extraordinary claim because it goes against the standard information in the biological and anatomical literature. This needs to be worked on. You also have to be better about casual phrasings such as "of course". It appears Crossroads watches this page. So maybe he can assist. GBFEE (talk) 20:41, 11 December 2021 (UTC)

Better? Perhaps you just decided to discuss the edit at the beginning, and then edit it, thereby showing respect to the editor (in this case, to me). In response to this courtesy, my courtesy followed. In principle, the last time I presented you with exactly this requirement.

Then I realized the haste of conclusions. Then your thesis: "Tell people "Because the presence of the Y chromosome may not be required for the development of the male sex." this is WP: EXTRAORDINARY/extraordinary statement because it contradicts standard information in the biological and anatomical literature". Contradicts? Which one is it? I expressed one of the hypotheses that flashes in scientific circles. The so-called gene - Z.

A little digression into history. Until the 21st century, there was a certain Yost, who in 1947 published his research, claiming that the default gender at conception was female. Now this statement is still found everywhere in the minds of people and little-known science, although, frankly, it no longer corresponds to reality. Further (I provided a link to a tertiary source in 2000), scientists have advanced further by showing that there is no default gender. The embryo at the beginning has a BI-POTENTIAL BASIS. The so-called gonadal ridge develops (the genital ridge, it has several interpretations), and then the development proceeds along the path that the genes will choose. The development of female genital glands and ovaries is an ACTIVE GENE-ORIENTED PROCESS. And the very statement "by default" implied a passive model. The DAX1 gene at that time was only one of the contenders for the role of the second gene in sex differentiation. As you can see, the DAX1 gene probably suppresses SRY expression. This has been observed in XY people with duplication of this gene on the X chromosome. In this case, SRY was unable to suppress two DAX1S, and the girl XY developed according to the phenotype.

Why did they start looking for this particular Z gene? Yes, because geneticists have discovered very strange mutations (so-called disorders of sexual development). XX male, on. One of the theories was that the SRY gene simply moved to the X chromosome and yes, in 60-80% of cases such XX men are SRY positive. But when they began to identify XX males negative for the SRY gene (that is, an individual of the XX male developed without the presence of the SRY sex-determining gene), it became a somewhat fascinating discovery. For that reason, yes. It is still difficult to talk about any sex-determining gene in the womb other than SRY. But, as we can see, the Y chromosome is not a NECESSARY (I mean in 100% of cases) factor of the male embryo. Probably, it would be possible to write about it on this page. The development of the ovaries and the female embryo (the mechanisms that initiate its development) are still poorly understood, but I have already written. Genes such as WNT4, Raspo1 and others are responsible for the development of the female embryo. From the side, SRY itself or through intermediaries can temporarily suppress the same WNT4 so that the boy develops (the SOX9 gene is activated, etc.). DAX1 can temporarily suppress SF1 or SRY so that development proceeds along the female line (in turn activating WNT4, etc.). In general, there is a lot of ground for reflection. EvgFakka (talk) 21:31, 11 December 2021 (UTC)

 * It is mostly not Y chromosome, it is X chromosome deactivation (that causes genome imprinting). So two X means one of them is inactivated, that leads to different genes being activated. 2A00:1370:8184:1765:2439:98C0:6B79:4DCC (talk) 09:38, 25 November 2022 (UTC)

Father determines gender of children
This article, in my opinion, needs to state clearly that the father determines the gender of children, because sperm carry either the X or Y chromosome, while eggs can only have X chromosomes (male cells are XY and females are XX). One reason why this fact is important is that it has been estimated that 1/12 of all female babies born in India are killed because it is erroneously believed that females determine the gender of their babies.

I'd like to ask WP editors to indicate below whether they agree with adding a section to state this clearly or not, thanks. There is no point in my adding a section and thus starting an edit war. David Spector (talk) 23:23, 16 December 2022 (UTC)

Loss of Y Chromosome paper in Nature
Dan Theodorescu has recently published a paper in Nature (journal) titled "Y chromosome loss in cancer drives growth by evasion of adaptive immunity" [1 ] Should this paper showing the connection between loss of Y Chromosome and cancer be added to the Loss of Y Chromosome section on this article? RKSatWork (talk) 20:49, 29 June 2023 (UTC)

 * This isn't a place to promote people or their recently published papers. We shouldn't be adding anything that doesn't meet WP:MEDRS (and as a primary study, this does not). MrOllie (talk) 20:51, 29 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Y chromosome


text:
Robert Themptander

Oscar Robert Themptander (14 February 1844 – 30 January 1897) was a Swedish politician and public official who was Prime Minister of Sweden from 1884 to 1888 during the reign of King Oscar II, and Governor of Stockholm County from 1888 to 1896. He was also minister for finance.

At the age of 40 years and 92 days, Themptander is the youngest person to become Prime Minister in Swedish history. His death at the age of 52 years and 351 days makes him also the youngest prime minister at his death.

Biography
Robert Themptander was born in Stockholm, the son of army lieutenant Nils Themptander and wife Adolphina Laurent. After law studies in Uppsala and a highly successful career in the civil service he became in 1879 a member of the Second Chamber. There from the beginning he was a member of the centre party, a party loyal to then incumbent government. Gradually he began move orientate towards the Lantmanna Party. He married in 1874 with Frida Dahlberg, with whom he had three children. In the government of Arvid Posse in 1880, he became minister without portfolio and, in 1881 minister for finance. He stayed on in this office in three years before he became Prime Minister at the age of 40. Only Louis De Geer had become Prime Minister at a younger age.

Through good contacts in different parliamentary positions he was successful in breaking the political gridlock concerning the defense question. This issue was finally achieved in the year of 1885. He was less successful in his goal to protect the free trade system which Louis De Geer and Minister of Finance Johan August Gripenstedt had instituted during their time in office. This political economy had with many good benefits contributed to the modernization of Sweden. As food prices on the world markets sank because of increased imports from all of North America, demand increased for high tariffs to protect Swedish interests.

Eventually Themptander was constrained to retire, yet not through defeat in the 1887 election, when his resistance towards the new duty-friendly winds of opinion meant more election debate than before. Riksdag candidates were compelled to answer about which views they had, if they were Free Traders or Protectionists. This was seen by many at the time as uncommon. Lifelong members of the Riksdag had previously been elected on the basis of their high personal reputation and confidence. The Free Traders won in Stockholm and gained twenty-two parliamentary seats. But it appeared that one member had not paid his taxes and therefore the whole list was declared invalid. Lifelong members of the Riksdag who were free trade supporters were replaced with tariff supporters. Therefore, the Second Chamber returned a protectionist majority.

Themptander attempted to have King Oscar II announce a new election, but the King denied the request. Then Themptander resigned as Prime Minister. From 1888 to 1896 he was Stockholm County Governor and afterwards director for Trafik AB Grängesberg–Oxelösund.

Themptander was a member of the men's association Sällskapet Idun.

Robert Themptander died on 30 January 1897 in Stockholm.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Robert Themptander


text:
Talk:West Kordofan

Gharb Kurdufan → West Kurdufan
This article has been renamed as the result of a move request.

After having to go outside Wikipedia to figure out that the Sudanese state of West Equatoria was listed on WP as Gharb al Istiwa'iyah, I'm moving all of the States of Sudan to their 'English-ized' versions. As it is, the article names are extremely reader (and editor) unfriendly. This is the only article so far that had a redirect typo. -- BanyanTree 22:10, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * How imperialist of you. Just like the Mahdi did to General Gordon in the 1880s, I oppose. —ExplorerCDT 22:48, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Naming conventions (use English) says "Name your pages in English and place the native transliteration on the first line of the article unless the native form is more commonly used in English than the anglicized form." Using the Google test we get 4 unique hits for West Kurdufan, 40 for West Kordufan, and 94 for Gharb Kurdufan, though a large number of the hits for Gharb Kurdufan are not in English and/or are from Wikipedia itself. Seeing no clear preference for either Gharb Kurdufan or West Kordufan, I would agree on moving this to "West Kordufan", the English name used on the websites of the Sudanese embassy in Zambia and the Association of Arab Universities, among others. — Ливай | ☺ 23:26, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Moved by violet/riga (t) 23:32, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Inconsistency
This article is titled Kurdufan, but throughout it refers to the area as Kordofan. I presume the former is correct, but will not take any action as yet until this is cleared up. 109.76.226.83 (talk) 19:41, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

Reestablishment of state
According to Sudan Tribune the state of West Kordofan was reestablished. Aotearoa (talk) 08:17, 15 July 2013 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Kurdufan which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 18:00, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:West Kordofan


text:
Arrondissements of the Hérault department

The 3 arrondissements of the Hérault department are:
 * 1) Arrondissement of Béziers, (subprefecture: Béziers) with 153 communes.  The population of the arrondissement was 309,800 in 2016.
 * 2) Arrondissement of Lodève, (subprefecture: Lodève) with 122 communes.  The population of the arrondissement was 138,746 in 2016.
 * 3) Arrondissement of Montpellier, (prefecture of the Hérault department: Montpellier) with 67 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 683,935 in 2016.

History
In 1800 the arrondissements of Montpellier, Béziers, Lodève and Saint-Pons were established. The arrondissements of Lodève and Saint-Pons were disbanded in 1926, and Lodève was restored in 1942. In 2009 the arrondissement of Montpellier lost the three cantons of Aniane, Ganges and Saint-Martin-de-Londres to the arrondissement of Lodève.

The borders of the arrondissements of Hérault were modified in January 2017:
 * five communes from the arrondissement of Béziers to the arrondissement of Lodève
 * one commune from the arrondissement of Béziers to the arrondissement of Montpellier
 * seven communes from the arrondissement of Lodève to the arrondissement of Béziers
 * 26 communes from the arrondissement of Montpellier to the arrondissement of Lodève


text:
List of hospitals in Ottawa

List of hospitals in Ottawa.

General Care

 * Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) (401 Smyth Road)
 * Montfort Hospital (713 Montreal Road)
 * National Defence Medical Centre (713 Montreal Road)
 * The Ottawa Hospital campuses:
 * Riverside Hospital (1967 Riverside Drive)
 * General Hospital (501 Smyth Road)
 * Civic Hospital (1053 Carling Avenue)
 * Queensway Carleton Hospital (3045 Baseline Road)

Specialized Care

 * University of Ottawa Heart Institute (40 Ruskin Street)
 * Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre (1145 Carling Avenue)
 * Élisabeth Bruyère Hospital (43 Bruyère Street)
 * St. Vincent Hospital (60 Cambridge Street North)
 * Perley & Rideau Veteran's Health Centre (1750 Russell Road)

Ontario

 * Almonte General Hospital (75 Spring Street)
 * Arnprior Regional Health (350 John Street North)
 * Carleton Place & District Memorial Hospital (211 Lake Avenue East)
 * Perth & Smiths Falls District Hospitals
 * Perth (33 Drummond Street West)
 * Smiths Falls (60 Cornelia Street West)
 * Kemptville District Hospital (2675 Concession Road)
 * Winchester District Memorial Hospital (566 Louise Street)
 * Amis Health Care Services Inc. - Senior Care (1730 St. Laurent Blvd)

Gatineau, Quebec

 * Hôpital de Gatineau (909 Boulevard la Vérendrye Ouest)
 * Hull Hospital (116 Boulevard Lionel-Émond)
 * Hospital De Papineau (155 Rue Maclaren Est)
 * Hôpital en santé mentale Pierre-Janet (20 Rue Pharand)

title: List of hospitals in Ottawa


text:
Talk:The Magic Circle (organisation)

Navy.enthusiast (talk) 15:01, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Magic circle → Magic Circle
This article has been renamed as the result of a move request.

It's a proper noun, the name of an organisation, so it should be capitalised. Philip 06:13, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC) Move by violet/riga (t) 23:35, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * SUPPORT. I don't see any reason anyone would object. —ExplorerCDT 22:50, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * SUPPORT. this is what people would type in anyhow Tiksustoo 16:06, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Is it 'The Magic Circle', or the 'Magic Circle'? There seems to be some conflict on the wiki page as to which is correct. The website states it is 'The Magic Circle' as the organisation. Help? Skeptic sid (talk) 02:00, 20 January 2011 (UTC)

registered british charity - NOT trade union!
magic circle is a registered british charity and governed by british charity law. it is most definitely not a trade union as it is NOT legally and never has granted that status. it has never been a member of the british trade unions congress either. in practice in does take on a role outside of its statutory guidelines. but ultimately it has to toe the line with being a charity. might be interesting discussion about whether it oversteps mark expelling members or attempts to campaignTiksustoo
 * They're not that either. The Charity Commission website contains a registration for the Magic Circle Benevolent Fund (to assist present or past distressed members of the Magic Circle, their wives, children and/or dependants) but nothing for the main organisation. The Magic Circle website contains no reference to them being a charity  and a wider Google search finds nothing to say that they are either.  - N (talk) 21:51, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Disambiguation
I changed the disambiguation hatnote from Magic Circle (disambiguation) to Magic circle (disambiguation) as the second one is more user-friendly (formatting etc.). I then redirected Magic circle (disambiguation) to Magic circle (disambiguation). The version of the page before I redirected it can be found here. George C  11:19, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

Merging Young Magicians' Club
I have made an initial attempt to merge the info to this article. Please let me know how I have done. -- Levine2112 discuss 19:09, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

Famous members
Need citation for Stephen Mulhern becoming the youngest member of the Magic Circle at 16. this is because Dominic Wood was at least also the youngest member at one point, according to his wiki article and its references. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Liamstone (talk • contribs) 13:43, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Recent growth
The Recent growth section says, The popularity of the Harry Potter franchise has been one of the key reasons for the organisation's growth in the past few years. What is the link? I have not read Harry Potter books so the connection between Potter and growth of interest in magic is unknown to me. Please explain. --184.96.112.154 (talk) 11:35, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

Apprenticeship
What is meant to happen during the 2-year apprenticeship period before applicants can apply for membership? Is there a study-course? Valetude (talk) 17:45, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 29 October 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Consensus to move, therefore, moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Dreamy Jazz 🎷 talk to me | my contributions 15:37, 6 November 2018 (UTC)

The Magic Circle → The Magic Circle (organisation) – There is no clear WP:PRIMARYTOPIC when compared to the group of law firms, Waterhouse painting and game of the same name. The Magic Circle should simply redirect to Magic circle (disambiguation). ZXCVBNM (TALK) 14:45, 29 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Support. I actually do think this verges on being primary for the capitalised Magic Circle, but I also don't think that capitalisation is sufficient disambiguation. -- Necrothesp (talk) 14:44, 31 October 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Leather pouch magic coin trick.
My uncle before he died, belonged to the magic circle club. He performed a coin trick for us in a leather pouch with pennies & farthings. This must be at least 70 to 100yrs old by now. I just sent the pouch to my brother in Herefordshire (Ross on Wye), he is wanting to know how it works. Is there any chance anyone can help us, as my brother Kit, would like to show /perform this trick for His grandchildren. I am in New Zealand & close to 70,as is my brother. If ANYONE can help us.. We would be over the moon. 😁 Warm wishes Yvonne Casson NZ 222.152.6.21 (talk) 19:21, 20 December 2021 (UTC)

Latest president - Marvin Berglas
Ref: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/marvin-berglas-squares-the-magic-circle-by-following-father-as-president-swt97f235

I’ll try to add more detail soon Jmbatchelor (talk) 21:55, 17 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Magic Circle (organisation)


text:
Keeper-class cutter

The Keeper class of coastal buoy tenders consists of fourteen ships built for and operated by the United States Coast Guard. The ships were launched between 1995 and 1999 and all remain in active service. Their primary mission is to maintain thousands of aids to navigation, both buoys and land-based. Their secondary missions include marine environmental protection, search and rescue, law enforcement, and light ice-breaking.

The Keeper-class ships play a specific role in the Coast Guard's buoy tender fleet. They are primarily deployed to coastal areas such as New York Harbor, Chesapeake Bay, and Puget Sound, while the seagoing tenders of the Juniper class handle more off-shore areas, and inland tenders are assigned to the nation's large river systems.

Origins and procurement
In 1991, the average age of the twelve Coast Guard coastal buoy tenders approached 40 years, and the oldest was 52 years old. Maintenance costs on these vessels was growing quickly, and reliability was decreasing. One White-class buoy tender ship underwent emergency dry-docking to replace hull plates that had nearly rusted through. The obsolescence of the coastal buoy tender fleet came as no surprise, since some had been built during World War II, but it took several years for the Coast Guard, its parent agency at the time, the Department of Transportation, Congress, and private shipyards to deliver a solution.

The coastal buoy tender replacement project originated in the Operations Directorate of Coast Guard Headquarters. The sponsor requirements documents generated there formed the basis for the work done by the Acquisitions Directorate. At this point, existing Federal Government regulations, notably Office of Management and Budget Circular A-109 dealing with major systems acquisition, specified much of the contracting process.

The project was reviewed by the Transportation Systems Acquisition and Review Council and approved on 25 March 1992. Congress enacted $23 million for the first stage of acquisition in the FY 1993 budget. On 1 July 1992 a request for proposals was issued to the shipbuilding industry. On 12 March 1993 the technical and cost evaluations of the proposals were completed. On 17 May 1993 final contract negotiations were completed. On 1 June 1993 the Commandant of the Coast Guard issued a document titled "WLM(R) Circular of Requirements", specifying major aspects of the ships' design. On 22 June 1993, a contract was awarded to Marinette Marine Corporation to build the ships. Aspects of the acquisition process were criticized by the General Accounting Office.

The contract was a firm order for detailed design and the production of the lead vessel in the class, USCGC Ida Lewis, at a fixed cost of $22 million plus various performance incentives, with options for thirteen more ships, spare parts, and training. If all options in the contract were exercised by the Coast Guard, the total value of the deal was $291 million. The Coast Guard exercised options for three additional ships on 7 February 1996, six more ships in February 1997, and the final four in September 1997.

At the time of the contract award, the Coast Guard announced its intentions to replace the eleven White-class and Red-class cutter cutters still in service with the fourteen keeper-class ships. This saved maintenance expenses on the aging ships, and also significantly reduced personnel requirements through the introduction of advanced technology. While the Keeper class launched with a crew of 18, the Red and White-class buoy tenders they replaced had crews of 32 and 24, respectively.

As the Coast Guard planned to replace its coastal buoy tender fleet, it also needed to replace its seagoing buoy tenders. This fleet also consisted of World War II ships that had served beyond their original design life. Thus, the history of the Keeper class is entwined with the seagoing Juniper class in a number of ways. Since the Coast Guard was replacing almost all of its saltwater buoy tender fleet, it considered the mix between seagoing and coastal tenders. This resulted in a buoy tender fleet with more of the smaller, cheaper Keeper-class ships, and fewer of the more expensive seagoing ships. Since both classes were designed in the same time period, they adopted similar technical solutions, such as Z-drive propulsion. All ships of both classes were built by Marinette Marine, and the construction overlapped. The Coast Guard placed a 60-person Project Resident Office on site at Marinette's shipyard to monitor and facilitate these two concurrent construction programs.

Construction and characteristics
All fourteen ships of the Keeper class were built at Marinette Marine's shipyard in Marinette, Wisconsin. Their hulls were built of welded steel plates. The ships are 175 ft long, with a beam of 36 ft, and a full-load draft of 8 ft. They displace 850 long tons fully loaded. Their gross tonnage is 904, and their net tonnage is 271. The top of the mast is 58.75 ft above the waterline.

Rather than building the ships from the keel up as a single unit, Marinette Marine used a modular fabrication approach. Eight large modules, or "hull blocks" were built separately and then welded together. The ships have two Caterpillar 3508 DITA (direct-injection, turbocharged, aftercooled) 8-cylinder diesel engines which produce 1000 hp each. These drive two Ulstein Z-drives. Keeper-class ships were the first Coast Guard cutters equipped with Z-drives, which markedly improved their maneuverability. The Z-drives have four-bladed propellers which are 57.1 in in diameter and are equipped with Kort nozzles. They can be operated in "tiller mode" where the Z-drives turn in the same direction to steer the ship, or in "Z-conn mode" where the two Z-drives can turn in different directions to achieve specific maneuvering objectives. An implication of the Z-drives is that there is no reverse gear or rudder aboard Keeper-class ships. In order to back a ship, the Z-drives are turned 180 degrees which drives a ship stern-first even though the propellers are spinning in the same direction as they do when the ship is moving forward. Their maximum speed is 12 kn. Their tanks can hold 16,385 USgal of diesel fuel which gives them an unrefueled range of 2000 nmi at 10 kn.

The ships have a 500 hp bow thruster. The Z-drives and bow thruster can be linked in a Dynamic Positioning System. This gives Keeper-class vessels the ability to hold position in the water even in heavy currents, winds, and swells. This advanced capability is useful in bringing buoys aboard that can weigh more than 16000 lb.

Electrical power aboard is provided by three Caterpillar 3406 DITA generators which produce 285 kW each. Each ship also has a 210 kW emergency generator, which is a Caterpillar 3406 DIT.

The buoy deck has 1335 sqft of working area. A crane with a boom 42 ft long lifts buoys and their mooring anchors onto the deck. The crane can lift up to 20000 lb.

The ships' fresh water tanks can hold 7339 USgal. They also have three ballast tanks that can be filled to maintain their trim, and tanks for oily waste water, sewage, gray water, new lubrication oil, and waste oil.

Accommodations were designed for mixed gender crews from the start. Crew size and composition has varied over the years. When Ida Lewis, the lead ship of the class was commissioned in 1997, she had a crew of 18, commanded by a Chief Warrant Officer. By 2000 the crew had been increased to 20 personnel. Currently, the crew is 2 officers and 22 enlisted personnel. Keeper-class hulls have a strengthened "ice belt" along the waterline so that they can work on aids to navigation in ice-infested waters. Not only is the hull plating in the ice belt thicker than the rest of the hull, but framing members are closer together in areas that experience greater loads when working in ice. Higher grades of steel were used for hull plating in the ice belt to prevent cracking in cold temperatures. Keeper-class bows are sloped so that rather than smashing into ice, they ride up over it and break it with the weight of the ship. The ships are capable of breaking flat, 9 in thick ice at 3 kn.

Each ship carries a cutter boat on davits. They were originally equipped with CB-M boats which were replaced in the mid-2010s with CB-ATON-M boats. These were built by Metal Shark Aluminum Boats and were estimated to cost $210,000 each. The boats are 18 ft long and are equipped with a Mercury Marine inboard/outboard diesel engine.

All 14 Keeper-class cutters are named after distinguished American lighthouse keepers.

In-service vessel sustainment
Keeper-class ships were designed to serve for thirty years. In order to reach that goal, the Coast Guard has awarded class-wide contracts for a number of major maintenance items:

 * In 2023, Adrick Marine Group won a $5 million contract to upgrade HVAC systems
 * In 2023, Exail won a $2.2 million contract to replace the gyrocompass on each ship
 * In 2022, Appleton Marine won an $18.8 million contract to service the main crane and hydraulic systems

Ships in the Keeper class
All of the ships were launched into the Menominee River in Marinette, Wisconsin. There they were completed and underwent builder's trials. When the Coast Guard accepted the ships, and ownership passed from Marinette Marine, they were placed "in commission, special" status. The crews were trained by Marinette personnel in Lake Michigan. They then sailed through the Great Lakes and out into the Atlantic to reach their new home ports. They made frequent stops. For example, Henry Blake, which had one of the longer trips from Marinette, made port calls in four countries and eleven states. When the ships reached their new homes, a public commissioning ceremony was held, and the ships were placed "in commission, full" status.

title: Keeper-class cutter


text:
User talk:Ggggg~enwiki

Nasa cite

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title: User talk:Ggggg~enwiki


text:
Category talk:Volcanoes of China

Question
Why not Islands of China instead of just the one big island--AznEffects HuangDi 1968 23:36, 2005 Feb 13 (UTC)
 * Because there are volcanoes in the mainland that don't have articles yet. - Gilgamesh 09:34, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Volcanoes of China


text:
Vusi Mahlasela

Vusi Sidney Mahlasela Ka Zwane (born 1965 in Pretoria, South Africa) is a Sotho South African singer-songwriter.

His music is generally described as "African folk" and he is often dubbed as "The Voice" of South Africa. His work was an inspiration to many in the anti-apartheid movement. His themes include the struggle for freedom, and forgiveness and reconciliation with enemies. Vusi has released seven studio albums on Sony in South Africa and was signed to Dave Matthews' ATO Records in 2003. Vusi can also be heard performing on Warren Haynes' Live at Bonnaroo release during the song "Soulshine", and the Dave Matthews Band song, "Everyday", from the album of the same name as well as a live version of the song with him which appears on the album The Best of What's Around Vol. 1. Vusi was also one of the performers at the Live 8 concerts and at Live Earth. Vusi performed at Nelson Mandela's inauguration in 1994 and has subsequently performed at Nelson Mandela 90th Birthday Tribute in Hyde Park, London in 2008, and at Mandela Day at Radio City Music Hall in July 2009. His song "When You Come Back" was used at ITV's theme song for their World Cup coverage in 2010 and Vusi performed at the FIFA World Cup Kick Off concert at Orlando Stadium in Soweto, South Africa. In 2012, the SAMA Awards honored Vusi with a lifetime achievement award.

Recent works
His album The Voice released on ATO Records includes the popular track "Weeping", recorded with Josh Groban and Ladysmith Black Mambazo. Vusi joined Mambazo for their October–November UK tour in 2004, and again for their 2007 UK tour, again from October to November 2007.

He and other South African musicians took part in the 2002 documentary Amandla!: A Revolution in Four-Part Harmony where they recalled the days of Apartheid.

In June 2007, Mahlasela spoke of apartheid and performed "Thula Mama" at the TED Conference in Arusha, Tanzania. He also performed at TED in Monterey, CA in March 2008. Vusi performed at the Skoll World Forum on 14 April 2010.

On 7 July 2007 Mahlasela performed at the South African leg of Live Earth.

His album Guiding Star, as Naledi Ya Tsela (the name under which it is released in South Africa), won him the 2007 SAMA for Best Male Artist.

He has participated in videos for Playing for Change most notably "One Love" and "Stand By Me".

In April 2009, Vusi joined Bela Fleck on his Throw Down Your Heart Tour and was also featured on his album of the same name.

ITV used his song "When You Come Back" as their main theme for the opening credits of their coverage of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. The song was very popular amongst viewers and entered the UK Official Singles Chart on 4 July 2010 at No. 70.

His 2011 album, Say Africa, was produced by legendary bluesman Taj Mahal. The album was released 18 January 2011 on ATO Records.

Since the 2013 release of the live album "Sing To The People (Celebrating 20 Years of 'When You Come Back') on ATO Records", Mahlasela has continued to release albums, most recently in 2020, 2021 and 2023 on the ATO, Strut and Gallo labels.

title: Vusi Mahlasela


text:
Talk:USCG seagoing buoy tender

Untitled
I suspect it is incorrect to call these vessels USCGC Sequoia, etc. USCGC is short for USCG Cutter. But these are Buoy Tenders. -- Geo Swan 23:39, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

While this is a buoy tender, the vessel is still designated as a Coast Guard Cutter. Pertaining to the Coast Guard, a vessel is designated as a "cutter" if she is 65' in length or longer.

From the USCG webpage: "A "Cutter" is basically any CG vessel 65 feet in length or greater, having adequate accommodations for crew to live on board."

USCG 188' Chimo-class buoy tenders
Added list of these six cutters taken from Mine planter (U.S. Army). NB: One of the U.S. Army mine planters built 1904 - 1909 USS General Samuel M. Mills was transferred to U.S. Coast Guard 29 April 1922, named USCGC Pequot (WARC-58) on 1 May 1922, served as a cable ship (not buoy tender) until decommissioned 5 December 1946. This vessel was the first of two U.S. Army mine planters named Gen. Samuel M. Mills. She was the second U.S. Coast Guard cutter to be named Pequot. Source: U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/Pequot.pdf Retrieved: 2 December 2015. Semper Parartus Tjlynnjr (talk) 21:15, 2 December 2015 (UTC).

Keeper class inclusion?
Should the Keeper class of coastal buoy tenders be added? While not quite as large, they seem to be related to the Junipers in some ways, being smaller and with a similar role, though they have Z-drive instead of conventional propeller & rudders. Also like the Juniper class, they were built by Fincantieri Marinette Marine.

title: Talk:USCG seagoing buoy tender


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Dan Goldstick

Daniel "Danny" Goldstick is a Canadian philosopher, writer and political activist. He is currently a Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto.

Academic biography
Goldstick was born in Toronto. He received his B.A. from the University of Toronto in 1962, and went on to graduate studies at Oxford University, where he received a B.Phil in 1964 and D.Phil. in 1969, although he returned to Canada in 1965; his thesis, under the supervision of Alfred Jules Ayer, attempted to refute empiricism. In 1965, he took a position as a lecturer at Carleton University, and in 1967, became an assistant professor there, but in the same year he moved back to Toronto after philosophy department members David Savan and David Gauthier persuaded the other faculty to overlook his radical politics.

At Toronto, Goldstick taught Marxism, synthetic apriority, and ethics. His work in philosophy centres on topics in metaphysics and epistemology. His philosophical work consists of approximately 75 papers, including:

 * "Methodological Conservatism" (Am. Phil. Quart. 1971);
 * "Dialectics versus Metaphysics" (Explorations in Knowledge, 1988);
 * "Cognitive Reason" (Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 1992)

He is the author of Reason, Truth, and Reality, a "defense of pre-Kantian rationalism". The book asks what sort of world do we inhabit? and what moral obligations do we have? According to reviewer Peter Tramel, his effort culminates in arguments for universal impermanence, continuous deterministic causality, and utilitarianism. Others claim that, "at its core, this book is addressing the Marxian concern with relating theory to practice."

Activism
Goldstick came from a progressive Jewish family. His mother was a lawyer and anti-war activist and friends with politicians like J. S. Woodsworth and Tim Buck. According to, Goldstick has been the subject of illicit Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) surveillance since the age of 15.

As a high school student, Goldstick was a member of the National Federation of Labor Youth. He became politically involved in student movement politics at the University of Toronto while an undergraduate there in the 1950s. Later, he campaigned with a young Tariq Ali at Oxford against the Vietnam war. Since returning to Canada he has worked on many direct action campaigns including students issues like tuition reduction and elimination; against sexism, homophobia and racism such as the Dr Chun case; international solidarity with the ANC, Black Panthers, Angela Davis, and FMLN; as well as electoral politics on the municipal, provincial and federal level. For many years he was involved in the University of Toronto Marxist Institute. Goldstick is currently a member of the Council of Canadians and is active in peace, anti-war, and Palestinian solidarity movements. He is a member of Not In Our Name, an anti-Zionist group and has participated each week since the mid 2000s in a picket of Chapters Indigo bookstore on Bay Street. He is a supporter of the Canadian Peace Alliance and presented on "Sovereignty and Global Peace" at the 2010 Canadian Peace Research Association.

Advocacy of Atheism
Goldstick has been involved in debates across Canada on the existence of God. He has publicly debated writers such as Micheal R. Butler, attempting to refute Butler's Transcendental argument for God. Goldstick maintains that an omnipotent God must be able to accomplish anything, even if it entails a contradiction—genocide, famine, etc. On this account, the Christian God cannot be omnipotent and benevolent, for a benevolent, omnipotent God would have prevented the introduction of suffering into the world. He is a faculty advisor of the U of T Secular Alliance and a founding member of the Humanist Association of Toronto

Communist Party of Canada
Goldstick is a long-time member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Canada and a former member of its Executive, working closely with Miguel Figueroa and Elizabeth Rowley. He has been a frequent candidate at the federal and provincial level for the CPC. Goldstick is the founding editor of the Communist Party's theoretical journal The Spark. His recent editorials have addressed the state and nationalization, the economic crisis, and democracy.

Federal electoral record
As writes, Goldstick has frequently stood for office as the communist candidate in the parliamentary elections for the Rosedale district, which has approximately 100 communist voters. Although never been elected, "Red Danny" is still remembered for his sense of humor, satire and wit during public all-candidates meetings—sometimes even getting the strongest applause from audiences by the end of debates.
 * 1974 Canadian federal election, Rosedale, 136 votes (winner: Donald Stovel Macdonald, Liberal)
 * by-election 1978, Rosedale, 120 votes (winner: David Crombie, Progressive Conservative)
 * 1979 Canadian federal election, Rosedale, 80 votes (winner: David Crombie, Progressive Conservative)
 * 1980 Canadian federal election, Rosedale, 85 votes (winner: David Crombie, Progressive Conservative)
 * 1988 Canadian federal election, Etobicoke Centre, 81 votes (winner: Michael Wilson, Progressive Conservative)
 * 1993 Canadian federal election, York South—Weston, 119 votes (winner: John Nunziata, Liberal) (note: Goldstick ran as an independent in this election, as the Communist Party of Canada was not recognized as an official party. He was listed on the ballot as "Danny Red Goldstick")
 * 2000 Canadian federal election, Toronto Centre—Rosedale, 121 votes (winner: Bill Graham, Liberal)
 * 2004 Canadian federal election, Toronto Centre, 106 votes (winner: Bill Graham, Liberal)

title: Dan Goldstick


text:
Talk:David Frisch (American football)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 15:22, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot (talk) 18:40, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Frisch (American football)


text:
Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre

The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, also known as "ROMHC" or "The Royal" (formerly the Royal Ottawa Hospital) is a 284-bed, 400,000 square-foot psychiatric hospital located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is a major branch of the Royal Ottawa Health Care Group (ROHCG), which also encompasses the Brockville Mental Health Centre, the University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research and the Royal Ottawa Foundation for Mental Health.

History
The hospital was established as the Lady Grey Hospital in February 1910 and known in the early days as “the San.” Over the first 60 years, the hospital admitted 11,000 tuberculosis patients from all over Eastern Ontario. The last tuberculosis ward in the facility closed in 1970. It was renamed the Royal Ottawa Hospital at around that time. Andrew Leyshon-Hughes, a killer who stabbed Canadian heiress Nancy Eaton twenty-one times, was confined to the hospital in the 1980s.

The aging hospital was completely replaced by a new facility designed by Parkin Architects and built in the form of an eight-storey tower by a joint venture of Carillion and EllisDon at a cost of $143 million. The new hospital was the first P3 hospital procured in Canada and was officially opened by Premier Dalton McGuinty in October 2006.

Pedophilia controversy
Psychiatrist Paul Fedoroff and the ROMHC have come under criticism for claims they could cure pedophilia, despite the medical consensus of the opposite. In 2014, Fedoroff claimed his program can treat pedophilia and other disorders "so successfully that people who were aroused by children, exhibitionism or rape can eventually lead healthy, consensual sex lives." This contrasted with other experts who said, "There is absolutely, positively no evidence that we can cure 'a paraphilic disorder'".

Fedoroff based his claim on his study of 43 men showed pedophilia on a phallometric test (where the men's erection responses were measured). When these men were tested again, 21 of them showed less response to children and more response to adults. The study was strongly criticized, with experts noting that Fedoroff's measurement technique was unreliable and could be manipulated by the test-takers trying to look normal, and that the finding was actually a statistical illusion caused by a phenomenon called regression to the mean. According to sex researcher J. Michael Bailey, "I think his data were not appreciably different than random coin tossing...Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, and yet Paul's paper is extraordinarily weak."

In 2016, Andreas Mokros and Elmar Habermeyer, sex researchers at the University Hospital of Zurich used Fedoroff's original data and applied statistical modelling of Fedoroff's method to test its validity. Their results verified the previous criticisms, showing directly that Fedoroff's method was invalid and that his reported finding was actually a statistical artefact, indistinguishable from random variation. Fedoroff dismissed the analyses and criticisms, however, saying they "are concerns to be raised about any un-replicated study" and asking "Why all the fuss about this one, especially since the news appears to be good?"

In 2017, Fedoroff and the ROMHC continued their claims of success (called a "boast" by the National Post). According to Fedoroff, "We have evidence all day from people who say they’ve gotten better.....People always come back saying ‘This is much better, I enjoy this so much more than what I used to go through". According to Professor Martin Lalumiere of the University of Ottawa, standard treatment focuses on strategies to avoid trouble (such as avoiding situations where the person is alone with children). In the method Fedoroff describes, pedophiles are taught to find sexual stimulation from people their own age, in repeated sessions using adult pornography as practice. According to James Cantor, a sex researcher known for his MRI studies of pedophilia, what ROHMC clinic is doing is equivalent to the failed “conversion therapy” of homosexuality. Fedoroff's response to the National Post was that there is no evidence that pedophilia cannot be altered and that he and his team are "working on" studies to prove their claims.

title: Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre


text:
Talk:Vusi Mahlasela

Untitled
I saw Vusi open for Ladysmith when they toured in '05. His music was overwhelmingly beautiful.

title: Talk:Vusi Mahlasela


text:
User:Inziga

To come soon.

title: User:Inziga


text:
Far from the Maddening Crowds

Far from the Maddening Crowds is the debut studio album by British electronic music artist Chicane, released on 20 October 1997 through Xtravaganza Recordings. It is highly regarded as a seminal release in the trance music community, and was highly sought after, having been shelved for licensing issues, until its re-release on 18 October 2007. The album includes Chicane's debut single, "Offshore", as well as other singles "Sunstroke", "Lost You Somewhere" and "Red Skies". The album charted in the UK on release, peaking at number 49.

Background
Chicane was originally formed as an electronic music duo under the name Disco Citizens, comprising Nick Bracegirdle and Leo Elstob. The duo released their debut single, "Right Here, Right Now", in 1995 through Deconstruction Records to success, with the song reaching number 40 in the UK Singles Chart. Chicane was intended as a side project of the act, however they only saw one release as a duo, the Offshore EP through Cyanide Records. After "Offshore"'s release as a single in 1996, the song quickly garnered success, debuting at number 1 on the UK Dance Singles Chart. After this Elstob left the duo, and Chicane (and Disco Citizens) became the solo moniker of Nick Bracegirdle. He soon signed to Alex Gold's record label, Xtravaganza Recordings, who showed interest in releasing a full album by Chicane.

Release
"Offshore", the earliest song produced and released, is also among the best-known of Chicane's tracks; aside from single sales and being a major dance club hit, resulting on its inclusion on what has been said to be over 130 compilation albums. It has also been featured in the UK on TV programs ranging from travel reviews to the BBC's Gardener's World and Grandstand.

The album was released on 20 October 1997 through Xtravaganza recordings, with singles "Offshore", "Sunstroke" on 2 June 1997, and "Lost You Somewhere" on 8 December 1997. A vocal edit of "Offshore", titled "Offshore '97", was mixed by Anthony Pappa and credited as a collaboration with Power Circle. It was released as a single on 1 September 1997 and was featured on the album. A Benelux single release of "Red Skies" was also issued in 1998. After its release, the album appeared on the UK Albums Chart for one week, reaching number 49. In 2007, after its re-release, the album appeared on the UK Dance Albums Chart for one week, peaking at number 36. On 8 September 2023, over 25 years since its original release, the album was certified silver in the UK by BPI, selling over 60,000 copies.

Critical reception
Far from the Maddening Crowds received positive reviews from critics upon and after its release. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic reviewed the album in 1997, and praised its variety, writing that "Chicane has mastered not only house-styled thumpers, but also spacious, near-ambient soundscapes". He summarised the review describing the album as "cinematic" and "a successful debut", rating it four stars out of five. Will Alexander from Trance Critic reviewed the album in 2007, summarising it with "Far from the Maddening Crowds is still as relevant and inspiring as the day it was created", and rated it five stars out of five.

Personnel
Adapted from liner notes

 * Nick Bracegirdle – songwriting, production
 * Leo Elstob – songwriting on "Offshore" and "Offshore '97", production on "Offshore"
 * Caroline Lavelle – songwriting and vocals on "Lost You Somewhere"
 * Salt Tank – songwriting and production on "Leaving Town"
 * Luce Drayton – vocals on "Sunstroke"
 * Richie Sullivan – songwriting on "Offshore '97"
 * Graham Dear – songwriting on "Offshore '97"
 * Louise Burton – songwriting on "Offshore '97"
 * Anthony Pappa – mixing on "Offshore '97"
 * Walter Coelho – mastering
 * Alex Gold – executive producer

title: Far from the Maddening Crowds


text:
Eastcote (disambiguation)

Eastcote is an area in the London Borough of Hillingdon.

Eastcote may also refer to the following places in England:

 * Eastcote tube station
 * Eastcote, Northamptonshire
 * Eastcote, West Midlands, an area in Solihull

title: Eastcote (disambiguation)


text:
Frederick William Borden

Sir Frederick William Borden, (May 14, 1847 – January 6, 1917) was a Canadian politician. While he was the Minister for Militia and Defence, he was the father of the most famous Canadian casualty of the Second Boer War Harold Lothrop Borden. Historians credit him with creating and financing a modernised Canadian militia with a staff and medical, transport, and signals that proved important for allowing Canadian ground forces to deploy with their own support services as self-contained national contingents, albeit in an imperial framework. In this sense, he helped to create the foundations for the Canadian Expeditionary Force of 1914–1918.

Career
Born in Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, the son of Dr. Jonathan Borden and Maria Frances Brown. Borden received a Bachelor of Arts degree from University of King's College in Windsor, Nova Scotia in 1866. He joined the militia as a cadet at King's College and then as an assistant surgeon in the 68th (Kings) Battalion of Infantry in 1869. He earned a M.D. in 1868 from Harvard Medical School and practiced as a physician in Canning, Nova Scotia. Borden soon added business to his medical practice, acting as a bank agent, buying real estate, ships and helping found the successful Cornwallis Valley Railway from Canning to Kentville in 1887. He formed his own company the F. W. Borden Company in 1895, later known as the Nova Scotia Produce and Supply Company, to oversee his various business ventures in agriculture, lumber, shipping and investment.

He entered politics in 1874 with election as a Liberal member from Kings (Nova Scotia federal electoral district); aside from an interruption 1882–1887, he represented this constituency until 1911.

Minister of Militia and Defence
As Minister of Militia and Defence from 1896 to 1911, Borden implemented a series of reforms that gave the militia the ability to act as a formed army with its own supply and medical services. He also increased the rate at which Canadian officers attended British and Indian staff colleges at Camberley and Quetta and used these staff-trained graduates to help create professionally-trained staffs at the Royal Military College of Canada, and regional divisional headquarters.

He increased pay and retirement benefits, equipped the militia with modern weapons, established rules regulating tenure of command, and decentralized command and administration. Miller (2010) presents evidence that Borden saved himself from financial ruin by stationing three battalions of soldiers to Halifax in 1900 in order to make a profit for his faltering supply company.

Honours
CFB Borden was named in his honour when the air base was founded in 1916. He is the cousin of the eighth Prime Minister of Canada, Robert Borden.

Following the succession of King Edward VII and the end of the Second Boer War by the Peace of Vereeniging in late May 1902, Borden was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902. He attended the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 to mark the coronation, and received the order in an investiture on board the royal yacht Victoria and Albert the previous day. He was appointed a Knight of Grace of the Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem in England (K.St.J.) on 13 August 1902, and granted the honorary rank of Surgeon-General in the British Army in the 1911 Coronation Honours.

Borden died in Canning in 1917, and is buried in nearby Hillaton Cemetery, His two principal houses survive, the former Stadacona House (now the High Commission of Brunei, Ottawa), and Borden Place, in Canning, which is a National Historic Site.

title: Frederick William Borden


text:
Sydney Cricket Ground Trust

The Sydney Cricket and Sports Ground Trust (popularly known as the Sydney Cricket Ground Trust or SCG Trust) was an agency of the Government of New South Wales that operated the Sydney Cricket Ground and Sydney Football Stadium in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was merged into Venues NSW on 1 December 2020.

The SCG Trust operated the Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) and Sydney Football Stadium (SFS) at Moore Park in Sydney. In mid-2008, its head office The Sheridan Building opened, making it the third building to erect in the Gold Members Car Park, alongside the headquarters of Sydney City Roosters and New South Wales Rugby Union. Soon after it opened, Sydney Swans and Sydney FC relocated their headquarters inside the Sheridan Building. There are four clubs from four sports codes with their headquarters at the ground.

In 2007 the UTS-Balmain club formed a partnership with the Sydney Cricket Ground Trust and are now known as Sydney CC or Sydney Cricket Club or just simply Sydney Tigers.

Statues
The Trust has commissioned ten bronze sculpture statues to be placed around the grounds of the SCG and SFS.

Media Hall of Honour
In 2014 the Sydney Cricket and Sports Ground Trust opened the Media Hall of Honour at the MA Noble Stand's media centre with fifteen inaugural inductees:

 * Richie Benaud
 * Ernet Black
 * Ernie Christensen
 * John Davis
 * Jack Fingleton

 * Ian Heads
 * Frank Hyde
 * Norman May
 * Alan McGilvray
 * Johnnie Moyes

 * John O'Gready
 * Bill O'Reilly
 * Ray Robinson
 * Jim Shepherd
 * Ray Warren

title: Sydney Cricket Ground Trust


text:
Murrow

Murrow may refer to

 * Edward R. Murrow (1908-1965), an American radio and television journalist
 * Murrow (film), a 1986 made-for-TV biopic about the journalist
 * Murrow, Cambridgeshire
 * Murrow East railway station
 * Murrow West railway station

title: Murrow


text:
User:Bratsche

Hi!

title: User:Bratsche


text:
Talk:Richard Foster (theologian)

Date of birth
Richard Foster is a living author but I can't find his year of birth so it's hard to give a context to the bio. Can anyone find this fact? RJFJR 23:49, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * call Dr. John P. Williams at 1-800-334-8863 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.125.161.10 (talk) 22:24, 3 February 2007 (UTC).

Renovare Spiritual Formation Bible
I added a blurb about the Renovare Spiritual Formation Bible as I think it is important. If anyone has additional information, that would be great.

title: Talk:Richard Foster (theologian)


text:
Talk:Ella Fitzgerald

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Peer reviewers: Chungs91.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 20:27, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Any compositions?
This article is connected not only to performers categories (singer aso.), but also to singer-songwriter and (specifically) songwriter categories – which seemingly confirms what she said in an interview in the 1980s I recently stumbled upon online. Asked for her favorite pastimes at home, she named two activities: reading and for this purpose collecting cookbooks (not for cooking, at least not in the first place!) as well as, literally and repeatedly, “composing” (definitely talking about music, not about just artistically arranging other kinds of things).

Is there nothing mentionable in her legacy (except that she – only – co-wrote a-tisket, a-tasket)?

~ 80.109.113.159 (talk) 06:52, 8 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ella Fitzgerald