text:
Royal Artillery Memorial

The Royal Artillery Memorial is a First World War memorial located on Hyde Park Corner in London, England. Designed by Charles Sargeant Jagger, with architectural work by Lionel Pearson, and unveiled in 1925, the memorial commemorates the 49,076 soldiers from the Royal Artillery killed in the First World War. The static nature of the conflict, particularly on the Western Front, meant that artillery played a major role in the war, though physical reminders of the fighting were often avoided in the years after the war. The Royal Artillery War Commemoration Fund (RAWCF) was formed in 1918 to preside over the regiment's commemorations, aware of some dissatisfaction with memorials to previous wars. The RAWCF approached several eminent architects but its insistence on a visual representation of artillery meant that none was able to produce a satisfactory design. Thus they approached Jagger, himself an ex-soldier who had been wounded in the war. Jagger produced a design which was accepted in 1922, though he modified it several times before construction.

The memorial consists of a Portland stone cruciform base supporting a one-third over-lifesize sculpture of a howitzer (a type of artillery field gun), which Jagger based on a gun in the Imperial War Museum. At the end of each arm of the cross is a sculpture of a soldier—an officer at the front (south side), a shell carrier on the east side, a driver on the west side, and at the rear (north) a dead soldier. The sides of the base are decorated with relief sculptures depicting wartime scenes. The realism of the memorial, with the depiction of the howitzer and the dead soldier, differed significantly from other First World War memorials, notably the influential Cenotaph, which used pure architectural forms and classical symbolism. The design was controversial when unveiled; some critics viewed the dead soldier as too graphic or felt that the howitzer did not lend itself to rendition in stone. Nonetheless, the memorial was popular with others, including ex-servicemen, and later came to be recognised as Jagger's masterpiece and one of Britain's finest war memorials.

The memorial was unveiled by Prince Arthur on 18 October 1925. Dedications were later added to the memorial in memory of the 29,924 Royal Artillerymen killed in the Second World War. It underwent restoration in 2011 after years of weathering and water ingress. The memorial is a Grade I listed building and is managed by English Heritage; it now shares its site with multiple other military monuments and war memorials.

Background
The First World War, which took place between 1914 and 1918, saw the extensive use of artillery, particularly on the Western Front. Technical advances, combined with the relatively static nature of trench warfare, made these guns a key element of the conflict: over half the casualties in the war were caused by artillery. Artillery guns and their crews were themselves targets, and 49,076 members of the Royal Artillery died during the conflict. In the years after the war, many former servicemen, including gunners, found the scale of the losses difficult to deal with, or felt that their trust in the political leadership that had led them into the war had been challenged. Visual reminders of the conflict were often avoided: mutilated servicemen, for example, were banned in the 1920s from joining in veterans' marches, and those with facial injuries often hid them in public. Where sculpture of human figures was used in First World War memorials, it tended to depict allegorical figures such as Peace or Victory. Sculptures of soldiers were uncommon. Where they were used, the soldiers appeared healthy and smartly presented in military uniform, not dishevelled or injured.

The Royal Artillery War Commemoration Fund (RAWCF) was formed in 1918, made up of a mixture of commissioned officers and other ranks. The RAWCF's intention was to remember the artillerymen who had died during the war, and after some discussions of various options, including purchasing a house for wounded soldiers, or building a number of small shrines across the country, the RAWCF decided to construct a single memorial to the fallen Royal Artillery servicemen. Memorials to lost servicemen from the previous major conflict, the South African War fought between 1899 and 1902, had been widely criticised as being unimaginative and members of the RAWCF were unimpressed by the Royal Artillery's memorial to that war, located on the Mall. As a result of these problems, the prominent artist Sir Edward Poynter put forward recommendations that far more care, time and funding be given to the construction of future war memorials, which were taken on board by the RAWCF.

The RAWCF first explored the option of joining some form of national commemoration which was under consideration in the aftermath of the First World War, initially wishing to spend only a small proportion of the fund on a physical monument. Plans were floated for a national memorial in the vicinity of Buckingham Palace or on the Mall. Another option mooted was a memorial cloister attached to Westminster Abbey, with contributions from the Royal Artillery and other regiments, though this was quickly discarded as unlikely to gain approval from the relevant authorities. The national proposals stalled, partly because of concerns that individual regiments would not be able to maintain their individuality—something of great importance to the RAWCF—within a uniform whole. The RAWCF began exploring sites for its own individual monument, either at Hyde Park Corner or on the edge of Buckingham Palace gardens. The RAWCF sought a design that would be "unmistakably recognisable" as an artillery monument, and were insistent that the eventual designer take detailed advice from a junior officer who had served in the war.

Commissioning
The RAWCF first examined a design by Captain Adrian Jones, who produced the Boer War Cavalry Memorial a few years before, but his design was rejected. Next, the committee contacted the architects Sir Edwin Lutyens, Herbert Baker, and Sir Aston Webb (designer of the regiment's Boer War memorial). Lutyens sent in three designs, each costed at less than £15,000 (approximately ), but several committee members felt them to be too similar to the Cenotaph and to give insufficient prominence to artillery. Further problems arose when the Office of Works stated that it would not approve Lutyens' designs on the grounds that all would be too tall for their surroundings. After the RAWCF insisted that a howitzer be prominently incorporated into the designs, Lutyens withdrew. Baker disagreed with the concept of single service monuments, but submitted a proposal costed at over £25,000 (approximately ), which was declined and he withdrew from the project. Webb declined to submit a proposal and also withdrew.

The committee then approached the sculptor Charles Sargeant Jagger in early 1921. Jagger trained as a metal engraver before attending the Royal College of Art. He served in the infantry during the First World War and was injured at the battles of Gallipoli and Neuve-Église, being awarded the Military Cross. At the end of the war, Jagger became involved in the design of war memorials, which formed the basis of his artistic reputation. His first major memorial commission was the Hoylake and West Kirby War Memorial. The realism and starkness of the sculptures there marked Jagger out as unconventional among war memorial designers. Nonetheless, it was highly celebrated after it was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1921, and led to other commissions across England and on foreign battlefields. Other examples include the Great Western Railway War Memorial at Paddington station in London, Portsmouth War Memorial, and the Anglo-Belgian Memorial in Brussels, though the Royal Artillery memorial is arguably his leading work. Most of these works were in the design stage or under construction concurrently. Jagger was approached by the RAWCF both because of his reputation as a designer and because of his service as an infantry officer, although the American artist John Sargent, a patron of Jagger's, may have encouraged the committee to consider the young artist. General Sir John Du Cane, a member of the RAWCF committee, encouraged his fellow members to consider Jagger on the grounds that the memorial would be the work which established Jagger's reputation and thus the sculptor would produce his best work. The RAWCF requested that he submit a model for a realist sculpture, which should include a group of soldiers in bronze on a pedestal. The RAWCF felt that a realist design would have broader appeal and would be inclusive of the tastes of ordinary artillerymen—rather than catering solely for the tastes of the officers—while at the same time creating a historical record of the era for future generations.

Jagger engaged the architect Lionel Pearson to design the stone structure of the memorial, and through June and July 1921 the RAWCF and the authorities considered the proposal. Jagger's model was similar to the eventual memorial, but had only two gunners at either end of an oblong memorial; the howitzer on the top was smaller than the eventual version, and pointed sideways, rather than lengthways along the pedestal. In reporting to the committee, Jagger said that he felt strongly that the design should unashamedly focus on the events of the war, noting that it "should in every sense be a war memorial". Jagger explained that the artillery had "terrific power" and was the "last word in force", and that the howitzer he had chosen was the only suitable weapon to symbolise those capabilities. During the design process, the committee presented Jagger with many suggestions. He gladly accepted their advice on technical matters related to artillery procedures and the appearance of the howitzer, but was protective of his artistic independence and would not brook suggestions which he felt would impinge on the quality of the work. There were concerns on the committee that the design would shock members of the public, especially women, but the RAWCF eventually voted 50 to 15 in favour of accepting the design and the proposed cost of £25,000. Jagger was formally awarded the contract for the memorial in March 1922.

Jagger at that time was preoccupied with the Anglo-Belgian Memorial in Brussels and did not begin work on the Royal Artillery memorial until October, at which point he made several changes to the proposed design, which he submitted to the RAWCF early the following year. The revised memorial would be a third larger than before, cruciform in plan, and guarded by three bronze soldiers. Jagger rotated the howitzer by 90 degrees, bringing it into line with the main axis of the base, pointing towards the Wellington Arch. After much discussion—including advice from Lutyens and Sir Reginald Blomfield representing the Royal Fine Arts Commission—Jagger agreed that the howitzer would point south to produce a pleasing silhouette from the park. The change also resolved an objection raised by the King about the "gloomy" figure on the front of the memorial staring down Constitution Hill towards Buckingham Palace. A year-long debate occurred within the RAWCF as to what inscription should be placed on the memorial, adding to the delay. Jagger made another change in early 1924, adding an effigy of a dead soldier to the fourth side of the memorial, in keeping with the soldiers on the other three sides. The proposal proved controversial. Although recumbent effigies were not uncommon on tombs and (to a lesser extent) war memorials, a sculpture of a dead soldier at eye level was an unusual and dramatic feature among First World War memorials—architects often preferred abstract, classical designs (such as the Cenotaph) or portrayed death through allegory. Jagger was adamant about the inclusion, even offering to pay for the casting of the additional figure himself. After considerable debate, the RAWCF agreed to the modification. Jagger's work continued to take longer than planned, partially due to shortages of staff, the need to approve each amendment to the plan, and practical problems on the site itself. The names of his models for three of the statues are known—William Fosten for the driver, another ex-gunner called Metcalfe for the ammunition carrier, and Lieutenant Eugene Paul Bennett, VC, who fought in the same regiment as Jagger, for the commander.

Design and symbolism
The Royal Artillery Memorial is located in what Malcolm Miles has termed the "leafy traffic island" of Hyde Park Corner in central London. It is one of several war memorials which dominate the roundabout and its surrounds; it is directly opposite the Wellington Arch while at the north end is another memorial to the Duke of Wellington in the form of an equestrian statue. Other memorials in the vicinity include the Machine Gun Corps Memorial, the Australian and New Zealand war memorials, and the Commonwealth Memorial Gates.

The Royal Artillery Memorial is 43 feet long, 21 feet wide and 30 feet high (13 metres by 6 metres by 9 metres); the pedestal and the one-third over-lifesize replica of a BL 9.2-inch howitzer, modelled on a gun in the Imperial War Museum, that sits on top of it are made of Portland stone. The plinth is in the form of a squat Roman cross. Cast by the A. B. Burton foundry, bronze figures are placed at the ends of each arm—an artillery captain holding a greatcoat at the front (facing south, below the barrel of the howitzer); a shell carrier on the east side; a driver wearing a heavy cape to the west; and to the north, a dead soldier on the north, his greatcoat thrown over him and his helmet resting on his chest. Carved stone reliefs show various detailed military scenes from the First World War—two on each side, one larger than the other—and the Royal Arms with the Artillery's cannon badge. The reliefs on the east side portray an action by heavy artillery and the crew of a howitzer; on the west side is an action involving horse artillery and a signaller and telephonist on the smaller relief. The memorial's main inscription on the west and east faces reads "In proud remembrance of the forty-nine thousand and seventy-six of all ranks of the Royal Regiment of Artillery who gave their lives for King and country in the Great War 1914—1919". Beneath the dead soldier is the inscription "Here was a royal fellowship of death", a quote from William Shakespeare's Henry V, which was suggested by Jagger himself.

The memorial forms a sharp contrast with both the earlier monuments of the South African War and most monuments contemporary to the First World War. Memorials of the South African War typically included figures of soldiers, sometimes dying in conflict, but always heroically in a "beautiful death". Classical symbolism was often used to distance the event of death from the observer, as typified in William Colton's work for the Worcester Boer War Memorial. Most First World War memorials reacted to the criticism of this approach by adopting cleaner architectural forms, but still retaining the ideal of a "beautiful death", an approach which can be seen at Lutyens' Southampton Cenotaph, the precursor to his more famous Cenotaph on Whitehall. These memorials frequently used abstract designs intended to remove the viewer from the real world, and focus them on an idealised sense of self-sacrifice. Soldiers in these memorials were still frequently depicted as Homeric warriors, and classical ideals and symbols remained popular, as can be seen at the Machine Gun Corps Memorial by Francis Derwent Wood, close to the Royal Artillery Memorial. Where dead soldiers were shown, they were depicted in an image of serenity and peace, often physically distanced from the viewer on a high platform, the entire effect enhanced by the silence that traditionally surrounds ceremonies at the Cenotaph.

The Royal Artillery Monument attempted a very different effect. Jagger takes a realist approach to his figures, embracing detailed images of military power with none of the classical symbolism of other monuments, or even Jagger's own pre-war pieces. The art historian Reginald Wilenski likens the memorial to the work of Frank Brangwyn, who focused on depicting the physical labour of soldiers and workers during the war. The memorial shows the three upright bronze figures stood at ease, rather than to attention; the driver leans back against the parapet, his cape hanging over his outstretched arms, suggesting an attitude of exhaustion or contemplation. The faceless, heavily laden statue of the fallen soldier appears less at rest than exhausted, pulled down as if by a great weight. At the same time, the sheer size of the memorial, including the oversized gun and larger-than-life bronze figures, exudes a sense of strength and power; the figures are stocky, confident and imposing. This contributes to the sense of masculinity that pervades the work, from the phallic image of the howitzer, to the solid, muscular figures of the gunners.

Despite the realist nature of the bronze statues in the design, commentators have often also noted the dehumanising aspects of the memorial. Its sheer size and the bulk of the howitzer serve to distance the observer, which—according to art historian John Glaves-Smith—depersonalises the soldiers in a similar way to the Cubist war paintings of Wyndham Lewis and Richard Nevinson. The carved stone reliefs have an aggressive, hostile quality to them, a consequence of their focus on surface detail at the expense of the humans in the design. When questioned about his lifelike depictions, Jagger said that the "experience in the trenches persuaded me of the necessity for frankness and truth". According to historian John Glaves-Smith, the memorial uses themes of "endurance and sacrifice, not dynamism and conflict", and thus speaks to its audience about the experience of war in a way that the Cenotaph, for example, does not.

Critical reception
The Royal Artillery Memorial has been the subject of much critical discussion since its inception. Although the RAWCF was pleased with its memorial, some members disapproved of the design and of the dead soldier in particular. Some felt that it was too graphic, or that it would be distressing to relatives and others who should have been consoled by the memorial, while a group of former artillerymen felt that any recumbent figure should be of a man just shot down so as to present a more heroic image. Charles ffoulkes, the inaugural curator of the Imperial War Museum, was more impressed, and described the corpse as "a poignant and tremendous statement of fact which unconsciously makes the onlooker raise his hat". The figure was shocking to a public who were unused to graphic images of the war due to censorship.

After the unveiling, a vigorous debate occurred in the British newspapers about the memorial. The Times was critical, comparing it unfavourably to the Cenotaph, while The Daily Mail highlighted the cost of the monument, and argued that the money could have been better spent on directly caring for injured veterans. Both the dead soldier and the howitzer drew particular comment; art critic Selwyn Image complained about having any sort of artillery gun on the monument, while Lord Curzon was quoted as describing the howitzer as "a toad squatting, which is about to spit fire out of its mouth...nothing more hideous could ever be conceived". Modernists such as Roger Fry criticised the conventional, secure structure that underpins the memorial. Editorials in The Times and The Builder both likened the howitzer to a children's toy, complaining that the gun did not lend itself to recreation in art. The Builder was sharply critical of the close relationship between the sculptor and the client, which it viewed as the root cause, believing that Jagger had given the artillerymen far too much influence over artistic matters.

Other opinions were more positive. The Manchester Guardian noted that the frankness of the portrayal was a "terrible revelation long overdue", and hoped that veterans would be able to show the monument to their wives and children as a way of explaining the events of the war. Ex-servicemen were quoted by the newspaper as reminiscing about the war as they examined the statue, and remarking on how the bronze figures had captured the reality of their time in the artillery. The Illustrated London News reported how, two days after the official ceremony, a crowd had gathered in the rain just before dawn to conduct a small ceremony at the memorial; the newspaper felt that this said more about the quality of the memorial than the more negative writings of art critics. These voices eventually held sway, and the memorial came to be popularly termed "the special Cenotaph of the Gunners", Lord Edward Gleichen praising it in 1928 as "a strikingly imaginative and most worthy representation". By the 1930s, it was one of the best-known monuments in Europe.

The memorial's reputation diminished in the post-war period. The art critic Geoffrey Grigson echoed Lord Curzon's comments, complaining in 1980 that it was a "squat toad of foolish stone". A renewed focus on Jagger's works, including the Royal Artillery memorial, in the 1980s led to a fresh reappraisal of the piece; the most recent critical work on the memorial has described it as a "work of the highest quality and distinction". Alan Borg, an art historian and Director of the Imperial War Museum, described the work in 1991 as "undoubtedly" Jagger's masterpiece, noting the quality of the sculptural work which makes it "one of the outstanding examples of 20th-century British art" and "perhaps the only war memorial" to be recognised as intrinsically important in its own right.

The memorial enjoyed a still higher profile in the 21st century. The architectural historian Gavin Stamp compared its quality to the memorials of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, and in 2004, the art critic Brian Sewell pronounced the Royal Artillery Memorial "the greatest sculpture of the twentieth century". Historic England, in the memorial's entry on the National Heritage List for England, remarks that the memorial "is now internationally recognised as one of the finest memorials to have been erected anywhere after the First World War. Its combination of sculptural force, boldness of conception, vivid narrative and humanity makes the memorial pre-eminent", and notes that "the inclusion of an over-life size corpse was boldly direct and is without parallel on any major British memorial". The Pevsner Architectural Guide for the area praises the detail in Jagger's sculptures, especially the corpse, and notes that the memorial is "now recognised as a masterpiece of British 20th century sculpture".

Later history
The unveiling was originally scheduled for 28 June 1925 but early in 1925 Jagger's most capable assistant resigned, leaving Jagger to complete the work alone. He advised the RAWCF that it could not be completed in time without sacrificing quality. The memorial was eventually unveiled four months late on 18 October 1925 by Prince Arthur and the Reverend Alfred Jarvis, Chaplain-General to the Forces. Despite the delay, the RAWCF and Jagger parted on very good terms, the committee exceptionally pleased with the final memorial. Such was the toll on Jagger that after its unveiling he suspended work on all his other projects for six months to recuperate. Although at first the memorial met conflicting opinions, it further bolstered Jagger's professional reputation. He was awarded the Royal British Society of Sculptors' gold medal in 1926 and was admitted as an associate of the society later that year.

A set of bronze tablets was added to the south of the memorial in 1949, lying on a flat plinth which replaced a set of steps. Designed by Darcy Braddell, the addition commemorates 29,924 Royal Artillerymen who were killed in the Second World War. They were unveiled by Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II). Over the years, pollution and water penetration caused damage to the bronzes and stonework. English Heritage conducted a major restoration of the memorial during 2011, completed in time for Armistice Day.

In 1970 the memorial was designated a Grade II* listed building, and in July 2014 it was one of five memorials in London to be upgraded to Grade I status to mark the centenary of the First World War. Listed building status provides legal protection from demolition or modification. Grade II* is applied to "particularly important buildings of more than special interest" and applied to about 5.5 per cent of listed buildings; Grade I is reserved for structures of "the greatest historic interest", and applies to around 2.5 per cent of listed buildings. The list entry notes its group value with the multiple other monuments on the Hyde Park Corner island (many of which are also listed), including the Wellington Arch and the multiple other war memorials.

title: Royal Artillery Memorial


text:
Category:Radio stations in the San Francisco Bay Area

This category is for AM and FM broadcast radio stations serving the San Francisco Bay Area.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Seiki Shimizu

Seiki Shimizu (清水 正紀) is best known for his work as an author writing about Japanese candlestick charting techniques used to analyze and evaluate stocks in his highly regarded book The Japanese Chart of Charts. After graduating from university, Shimizu joined the securities industry before moving to the commodity trading industry to form his own company, Kanetsu Shoji Co., Ltd shortly after World War II. He was awarded the Blue Ribbon Medal by the Japanese Emperor Hirohito in 1984 for his contributions to the Japanese commodity futures industry.

The candlestick technique is often used by traders and investors who employ Technical Analysis (TA) to guide and manage their stock and/or commodity positions. This technique of graphically representing movements of a stock or commodity's price dates back to the Japanese rice market of the 17th century. At that time, chartists drew their candlesticks on a scroll of rice paper, from right to left, with a crow quill and India ink ground by hand. These charts provided traders with a sophisticated but quick summary of fluctuations in supply and demand, as well as the emotional and psychological factors at play in the market.

title: Seiki Shimizu


text:
Břetislav Pojar

Břetislav Pojar (7 October 1923 – 12 October 2012 ) was a Czech puppeteer, animator and director of short and feature films.

Born in Sušice, Czechoslovakia, Pojar started his career in the late 1940s with his work on The Story of the Bass Cello (1949) based on the story by Anton Chekhov and directed by master Czech puppet animator Jiří Trnka. Pojar served as a puppeteer under his mentor Trnka.

Pojar compiled an extensive body of work as a director and animator in Czechoslovakia, where he made films in both puppet animation to the more common stop motion animation. He worked with the United Nations for the two films Boom and The Big If (with Vaclav Strnad worked as a producer in the latter). In the mid-1960s, Pojar emigrated to Canada, where he began a long collaboration with the National Film Board. His Canadian work is some of his best known, and it has won awards at prestigious international film festivals. His film To See or Not to See (Psychocratie) won the Canadian Film Award for Film of the Year in 1970.

Pojar's work is characterized by strong social commentary, such as in Balablok, where armies of small circle- and square-shaped beings war with each other until they are all wounded into indistinguishable shapes. Often, Pojar's shorts contain little or no spoken dialogue. In the mid-2000s, Pojar moved back to the Czech film business in order to co-direct the collaborative animated feature film Fimfárum 2 (based on the stories of Jan Werich), which was released in 2006.

Pojar died in Prague at the age of 89 in 2012.

Awards

 * 1960—Annecy Cristal Grand Prix for The Lion and the Song.
 * c. 1969—Canadian Film of the Year: To See or Not To See.
 * c. 1969—Berlin International Film Festival: Best Short Film Award for To See or Not To See.
 * 1972—Cannes Film Festival: Best Short Film Award for Balablok.
 * 1979—Cannes Film Festival: Best Short Film Jury Prize for Bum.
 * 1981—Berlin International Film Festival: Canadian Film of the Year: Otto Dibelius Film Award for New Media for E.
 * 1987—World Animation Celebration: L.A. Film Critic's Award for Nightangel.
 * 2006—AniFest (Czech Republic): Best Feature-Length Film Award for Fimfárum 2.
 * 2007—Festival of European Animated Feature Films and TV Specials (Hungary): Best TV Special for Tom Thumb from Fimfárum 2.

title: Břetislav Pojar


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Trevor (Harry Potter)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. CSTAR 21:41, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Trevor (Harry Potter)
This is taking the Harry Potter mania a little to far. This is such a minor character that it only deserves mention on something like Minor characters in Harry Potter, if that. Delete Preisler 03:06, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge or delete--nixie 03:11, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * A three word article? Delete. Or maybe some redirect. Just get it out of my sight. -R. fiend 04:22, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The Neville Longbottom article already states all the information this one had (which is simply that Trevor is a toad). I don't think someone will type "trevor" in our search bar hoping to find information about this, so I won't vote do redirect. JoaoRicardo 04:27, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's too specific. Also, too short for a redirect. Bratsche 04:40, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Covered elsewhere. - RedWordSmith 06:36, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * merge or redirect or keep, otherwise it will be a red link again. Do not delink to it, there might be something else to say about itKappa 08:15, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Trevor is mentioned in the first book to introduce Neville ("The boy who kept losing his toad") and makes another appearance in the third book where it is shrinked by Neville's potion. Even minor characters are notable in enormous best sellers such as the Harry Potter series. Three words is a little short of course. 129.177.61.124 08:51, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neville losing his frog might be notable, but that doesn't mean the frog itself is. Did the frog ever actually do anything on its own right, instead of being experimented on by wizards? This type of content-free articles about non-notable characters sets precedent to articles about every brick in the Hogwarts school wall.   — J I P | Talk 11:29, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * If you want your votes to be fully counted, you will need a user name and an edit history. Kappa 10:36, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neville's Toad is not significant enough for it's own article. He doesn't even have speaking lines. DaveTheRed 09:07, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Neville Longbottom. There really enough information to make a seperate article on this character. He can still be broken out later if more info surfaces or if he turns out to be incredibly important. Mgm|(talk) 09:22, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and/or redirect to the most useful Potter-related person or category. Radiant! 09:28, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No interest whatsoever separate from Harry Potter articles, only worth mentioning in that in passing. Average Earthman 11:11, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This does not deserve it's own entry. --Bucephalus 14:29, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. So far below the threshold of notability that this must surely be someone having fun at Wikipedia's expense, or trying to make a point.   --BM 14:35, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as per Mgm, then brace for List of items seen on various shelves in Harry Potter. --InShaneee 18:08, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Obscure fancruft. Martg76 16:58, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Neville Longbottom. Redirects discourage recreation. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 22:05, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete DJ Clayworth 04:13, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect,Merge or Delete --Paraphelion 01:54, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as too trivial. Joyous 02:35, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Neville Longbottom. --RMG 02:15, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Neville Longbottom. --Theo (Talk) 03:11, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Thomas H. Collins

Thomas Hansen Collins (born 25 June 1946) is a former admiral of the United States Coast Guard who served as the 22nd commandant from May 2002 to May 2006.

Early life and education
A native of Stoughton, Massachusetts, Collins graduated from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy in 1968 and later served as a faculty member within the Humanities Department. He earned a Master of Arts degree in Liberal Studies from Wesleyan University and a Master of Business Administration from the University of New Haven.

U.S. Coast Guard
Collins started his U.S. Coast Guard career as a deck watch officer and first lieutenant aboard the cutter Vigilant. Following that assignment, he served a two-year tour as commanding officer of the cutter USCGC Cape Morgan (WPB-95313), a patrol boat homeported in Charleston, South Carolina. His shore operational assignments include Deputy Commander, Group St. Petersburg, Florida, and Commander of Coast Guard Group and Captain of the Port, Long Island Sound, in New Haven, Connecticut.

Prior to his promotion to Flag Officer in 1994, he served as Chief, Programs Division at Coast Guard Headquarters, and then as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Coast Guard.

From 1998 to 2000 he served as Commander, Pacific Area and Eleventh Coast Guard District, where he developed the successful Coast Guard response to the increase in illegal drug and migrant smuggling traffic in the Eastern Pacific. His other flag assignments include serving as Commander, Fourteenth Coast Guard District in Honolulu, Hawaii and Chief, Office of Acquisition at Coast Guard Headquarters where he managed the acquisition of twelve major systems worth nearly $3 billion and laid the foundation for the ill-fated Integrated Deepwater System project, which was intended to modernize the ships, aircraft and sensors that the Coast Guard uses to perform its many open ocean missions.

Vice Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard
Prior to becoming Commandant, Collins served as Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard, the number two post, from 2000 to 2002 where he created the Innovation Council, spearheaded service-wide process improvement initiatives and directed system enhancements as the Coast Guard Acquisition Executive.

Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard
Collins served as the 22nd Commandant of the Coast Guard from May 2002 to May 2006, and guided the U.S. Coast Guard in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks of 2001. As part of this effort to tighten maritime security, Collins encouraged people involved in the maritime industry and the recreational boating industry to report suspicious activity to the National Response Center. This program was extended and formalized as America's Waterway Watch in 2005.

Other activities
Collins has served as a director on the boards of numerous companies such as EID Passport Inc., USIS Inc., and Terma North America, and the U.S. Coast Guard Foundation. He consults in areas of national security and maritime security, safety, and environmental protection.

He served on the board of SPADAC from 2007 to 2010 as a key independent director, having been recruited by CEO Mark Dumas to provide balance to the board after SPADAC raised $7.5M in Venture Capital. SPADAC later was renamed to GeoEye Analytics, Inc. after its acquisition then ultimately DigitalGlobe Analytics, Inc. (NYSE: DGI).

title: Thomas H. Collins


text:
KGW

KGW (channel 8) is a television station in Portland, Oregon, United States, affiliated with NBC and owned by Tegna Inc. The station's studios are located on Jefferson Street in southwestern Portland, and its transmitter is located in the city's Sylvan-Highlands section. KGW also served as the Portland bureau for co-owned regional news channel Northwest Cable News before it shut down on January 6, 2017.

Ownership by The Oregonian
KGW-TV was originally co-owned with KGW radio (620 AM, now KPOJ). (KPOJ was originally on 1330 AM, and was owned by the now defunct Portland Oregon Journal.) The Oregonian newspaper put KGW radio on the air by purchasing an existing transmitter from the Shipowners Radio Service. The U.S. Department of Commerce licensed the radio station, and it began broadcasting on March 25, 1922 (after a test transmission two days earlier). Among the station's early personalities was "The Man of 1000 Voices," Mel Blanc, who debuted on the radio program The Hoot Owls. The station's studios and transmitter were located in The Oregonian Building (of 1892) until 1943, when a fire destroyed them and the station moved to other quarters. In 1946, KGW added a sister station, KGW-FM on 95.3 MHz (now 100.3 KKRZ). The following year, The Oregonian applied for and received a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) construction permit for a television station, but later returned it in order to focus on its core newspaper business.

The Oregonian sold KGW-AM-FM to North Pacific Television, a consortium of Seattle businesswoman Dorothy Bullitt and five Portland businessmen, on November 1, 1953. Bullitt's King Broadcasting Company, who also owned KING-AM-FM-TV in Seattle, was the largest shareholder in the venture, with a 40 percent stake. Bullitt eventually bought out her partners (and in doing so, became the sole owner of the station). King Broadcasting wanted to add a television station to KGW-AM-FM. KGW-TV signed on the air on December 15, 1956, on channel 8. Because KING-TV was an ABC television network affiliate at that time, KGW-TV began as an ABC affiliate. KGW radio also switched its affiliation from NBC to ABC at that time. On April 26, 1959, it swapped affiliations with KPTV (channel 12), becoming an NBC affiliate. (KGW's sister station, KING-TV in Seattle, also switched from ABC to NBC with KOMO-TV at the same time.)

The KGW-TV tower was a prominent victim of the Northwest's historic, and violent Columbus Day Storm on October 12, 1962. The station returned to the air on October 16 using a temporary tower, as well as an antenna on loan from KTNT-TV (now KSTW) of Tacoma, Washington. A new antenna and tower were placed into service on January 28, 1963.

New studios
In January 1964, KGW began building a new broadcast center at 1501 SW Jefferson Street, which has served as its headquarters and main studios location ever since. The station moved into the new facility in 1965, from an old building located two blocks to the east that the state paid $865,000 for to make way for Interstate 405. The radio facilities moved into the new studios in the spring and the television facilities in July 1965. Located at the west edge of downtown Portland, the two-story building had approximately 54000 sqft of space.

In 1992, King Broadcasting (which also included KING-TV in Seattle, KREM-TV in Spokane, Washington, KTVB in Boise, Idaho, and KHNL in Honolulu, Hawaii) merged with The Providence Journal Company. Five years later, in 1997, KGW became part of the Belo Corporation when it bought The Providence Journal Company.

High definition and DirecTV
On October 12, 2011, KGW announced that unless a new contract agreement for station carriage could be reached, it would drop its signal from DirecTV's channel lineup. This contract dispute that involved DirecTV and Belo would also remove sister station KING-TV from DirecTV in the Seattle market. On November 1, DirecTV reached an agreement with Belo to resume carrying KGW and KING on DirecTV.

Changes in ownership
On June 13, 2013, the Gannett Company announced that it would acquire Belo. However, since Gannett owns the Statesman Journal newspaper in Salem—within KGW's viewing area—KGW was instead sold to Sander Media, LLC (owned by former Belo executive Jack Sander). However, Gannett operated KGW through joint sales and shared services agreements in order to comply with the FCC's cross-ownership restrictions. The sale was completed on December 23.

On June 29, 2015, Gannett's publishing and digital media operations were spun off, with the latter renamed Tegna. Shortly afterward, Sander Media filed with the FCC to transfer KGW's license to Tegna's King Broadcasting Company; the acquisition was completed on December 3, 2015.

Programming
In addition to the NBC network schedule, KGW airs some local programs such as a daily 30-minute talk show called Hello Rose City and local newsmagazine The Good Stuff (formerly Live at 7 and Tonight With Cassidy).

Former local programming
Original local programming in the 1970s included the nation's first broadcast nightly television news magazine show, Evening, created by then-news director Ed Godfrey and show producer Michael Sullivan. Originally hosted by Dick Klinger and Robin Chapman, Evening was broadcast Monday through Friday at 7 p.m.; the show premiered September 1, 1975, a year before Westinghouse Broadcasting's KPIX premiered its Evening Magazine and six years before the similar Entertainment Tonight news program. Another innovative show on KGW was the Sunday night public affairs program Open Line, also hosted by Klinger; viewers could phone in and ask a question of that week's guest. Portland's mayor traditionally appeared on the program the first Sunday of the month.

Local programs on KGW during the 1980s included the award-winning quiz show On the Spot (broadcast daily from 1984 to 1988) and the Oregon Lottery game show The Money Game (airing Saturday nights after the 6 p.m. newscast from 1988 to 1990). From 1996 to 2017, KGW aired select Portland Trail Blazers game telecasts; these are now exclusive to Root Sports Northwest (KGW also broadcast all Blazers games as part of NBC's broadcast contract with the NBA from 1990 to 2002, including the team's appearance in the 1992 NBA Finals).

News operation
KGW presently broadcasts $40 1/2$ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with $6 1/2$ hours each weekday and four hours each on Saturdays and Sundays).

KGW-TV's original evening news team remained intact for more than seven years—a rarity in the broadcast industry. Anchors Richard Ross and Ivan Smith, commentator Tom McCall, sportscaster Doug LaMear and meteorologist Jack Capell were the faces of KGW's News Beat from sign-on in December 1956 until early 1964, when McCall left the air to run for Oregon Secretary of State. McCall won election that fall, and was elected Governor of Oregon two years later. Ross anchored KGW's nightly newscast Northwest Tonight until 1975 when he departed for rival KATU. LaMear and Capell remained with Channel 8 until they retired in 1991 and 2000, respectively.

On January 21, 2008, KGW became the first television station in the Portland market to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition. Along with a newly renovated studio, the station shortened its brand from "KGW Northwest NewsChannel 8" to "KGW NewsChannel 8", updated its logo/graphics, and debuted Version 3 of 615 Music's "The Tower" music package. In November 2008, KGW retrofitted its news helicopter with an HD camera.

In 2008–2009, the station developed a high-definition news studio in downtown Portland at Pioneer Courthouse Square, in a space previously occupied by Powell's Books. Regular broadcasts from the location that KGW named the "Studio on the Square" began on March 17, 2009. KGW's noon and 4 p.m. newscasts originate from the downtown location.

Notable current on-air staff

 * John Canzano – Sports

Notable former on-air staff

 * Mel Blanc (deceased 1989, performer on The Hoot Owls)
 * Colin Cowherd (now host of Fox Sports Radio's The Herd with Colin Cowherd)
 * Ann Curry (former anchor and newsreader on NBC's Today)
 * Eric Johnson - sports director (1989-1993; now weeknight anchor for KOMO-TV in Seattle)
 * Paul Linnman – host of Evening and PM Magazine (1978–1983; then moved back to KATU, where he had worked before KGW)
 * Ron Magers – producer/news anchor (late 1960s, later at stations like KSTP-TV, WMAQ-TV, and WLS-TV, now retired)
 * Cathy Marshall (former anchor, now news director at KTVZ)
 * Tom McCall (Governor of Oregon from 1967 to 1975; deceased)
 * Brian McFayden – former anchor, 2016–2017
 * John Stossel 1969-1973 (later anchor of ABC's 20/20, now at Fox Business Network and Fox News Channel)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

KGW aired a Portland Trail Blazers game in high-definition for the first time, on October 24, 2007. The following year, KGW began broadcasting all its newscasts in high definition.

KGW provided a 24-hour weather forecast service on digital subchannel 8.2 through the digital television transition, until the September 14, 2009, launch of Estrella TV. On August 2, 2010, KGW restored the 24-hour news and weather channel on 8.2 and moved Estrella TV programming to digital subchannel 8.3. As of December 2012, KGW replaced Live Well Network on KGW 8.2.

Justice Network replaced Live Well Network on January 20, 2015.

On January 16, 2018, KGW activated subchannel 8.4 in anticipation of carrying Quest, which broadcast a preview on a repeated loop until its debut on January 29.

Analog-to-digital conversion
On July 18, 2008, at 6:14 p.m., KGW conducted a test for viewers to determine whether their television sets were ready for the digital transition by turning off its analog signal for 10 seconds, which the station conducted other times through the spring of 2009. In early 2009, KGW, along with other stations that had already added digital television technology, began broadcasting on its digital channel and those without cable or satellite service could purchase "DTA" (Digital to Analog) converter boxes. The U.S. government distributed credit-card "coupons" to get as much as a $50 discount on the boxes, with a limit of two coupons per household. The boxes would accept the digital signal and convert it back to analog so that older televisions could pick up the signal. It is estimated that 20% of television watching households in the Portland area use the over-the-air signal for TV services, making the coupon program very popular in Portland.

KGW shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 8, at 3:04 a.m. on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 46 to VHF channel 8. At 3:43 a.m., KGW completed its digital conversion when it shut down its temporary digital transmitter (on UHF channel 46) and switched digital operations to channel 8.

Translators

 *  Astoria
 *  Baker Valley
 *  Corvallis
 *  Grays River, WA
 *  Hood River
 *  La Grande
 *  La Grande
 *  Newport
 *  Pendleton
 *  Portland
 *  Prineville, etc.
 *  Rainier
 *  Rockaway Beach
 *  The Dalles
 *  Tillamook
 *  Walla Walla, WA

title: KGW


text:
DIY audio

DIY Audio, do it yourself audio. Rather than buying a piece of possibly expensive audio equipment, such as a high-end audio amplifier or speaker, the person practicing DIY Audio will make it themselves. Alternatively, a DIYer may take an existing manufactured item of vintage era and update or modify it. The benefits of doing so include the satisfaction of creating something enjoyable, the possibility that the equipment made or updated is of higher quality than commercially available products and the pleasure of creating a custom-made device for which no exact equivalent is marketed. Other motivations for DIY audio can include getting audio components at a lower cost, the entertainment of using the item, and being able to ensure quality of workmanship.

History
Audio DIY came to prominence in the 1950s to 1960s, as audio reproduction was relatively new and the technology complex. Audio reproduction equipment, and in particular high performance equipment, was not generally offered at the retail level. Kits and designs were available for consumers to build their own equipment. Famous vacuum tube kits from Dynaco, Heathkit, and McIntosh, as well as solid state (transistor) kits from Hafler allowed for consumers to build their own hi fidelity systems. Books and magazines were published which explained new concepts regarding the design and operation of vacuum tube and (later) transistor circuits.

While audio equipment has become easily accessible in the current day and age, there still exists an interest in building and repairing one's own equipment including, but not limited to; pre-amplifiers, amplifiers, speakers, cables, CD players and turntables. Today, a network of companies, parts vendors, and on-line communities exist to foster this interest. DIY is especially active in loudspeaker and in tube amplification. Both are relatively simple to design and fabricate without access to sophisticated industrial equipment. Both enable the builder to pick and choose between various available parts, on matters of price as well as quality, allow for extensive experimentation, and offer the chance to use exotic or highly labor-intensive solutions, which would be expensive for a manufacturer to implement, but only require personal labor by the DIYer, which is a source of satisfaction to them.

Construction issues
Since the 1960s, integrated circuits make construction of DIY audio systems easier, but the proliferation of surface mount components (which are small and some might be difficult to solder with a soldering iron) and fine pitch printed circuit boards (PCBs) can make the physical act of construction more difficult. Nevertheless, surface mounting is often used, as are conventional PCBs and electronic components, while some enthusiasts insist on using old-style perforated cardboard onto which individual components are hardwired and soldered. Test equipment is readily available for purchase and enables convenient testing of parts and systems. Specifications of parts and components are readily accessible through the Internet including data sheets and equipment designs.

It has become easier to make audio components from scratch rather than from kits due to the availability of CAD software for printed circuit board (PCB) layouts and electronic circuit simulation. Such software can be free, and a trial version may also be used. PCB vendors are more accessible than ever, and can manufacture PCBs in small quantities for the do-it-yourselfer. In fact, kits and chemicals for self-manufacturing one's own PCB can be obtained. Electronic parts and components are accessible online or in speciality shops, and various high-end parts vendors exist. On the other hand, a wide variety of kits, designs and premanufactured PCBs are available for almost any type of audio component.

To construct a device takes more than knowledge of circuits, many would urge that the mechanical aspects of cabinets, cases and chassis' are the most time consuming aspects of audio DIY. Drilling, metalworking and physical measurements are critical to constructing almost any DIY audio project, especially speakers. Measuring equipment such as a Vernier caliper is often essential. Woodworking skills are required to construct wooden enclosures (e.g. for speakers), with some enthusiasts going beyond traditional woodworking to CNC turning, and luxurious veneers and lacquers. Room acoustics solutions are also popular among DIYers, as they can be made with inexpensive and readily available insulating materials, and can be dimensioned to fit each particular room in a precise and aesthetically pleasing way.

DIY audio involves projects directed to audio. Many DIY audio people fancy themselves to be audiophiles. These people use rare and expensive parts and components in their projects. Examples are the use of silver wire, expensive capacitors, non-standard solders of various alloys, and use of parts that have been cryogenically cooled.

Vacuum tube or valve projects are common in audio DIY. While, for mass market audio components, the vacuum tube has been replaced in modern times with the transistor and IC, the vacuum tube remains prominent in specialty high end audio equipment. Thus, interest exists in building components using vacuum tubes, and the vacuum tube is still widely available. There is a wide variety of tubes manufactured nowadays, and many tubes on the market are advertised as NOS; not all of the latter being genuinely NOS. Circuits utilizing tubes often are far less complicated than those utilizing transistors or op-amps. Tube enthusiasts often use transformers, sometimes custom-made ones, or even hand-wind their own transformers using cores and wire of their own choice. Note that vacuum tube projects almost always use dangerously high voltages and should be undertaken with due care.

In case lead-containing solder is used instead of RoHS-compliant solder, appropriate environmental precautions with regard to lead and lead products should be taken.

Tweaking and tweakers
DIY audio can also involve tweaking of mass market components. It is thought that mass market audio components are compromised by the use of cheap or inferior internal parts that can be easily replaced with high quality substitutes. As a result, an audio component of improved characteristics may be obtained for relatively low cost. Some common changes include replacing opamps, replacing capacitors (recap), or even replacing resistors in order to increase signal-to-noise ratio. Changing an audio component in this way is similar to what a tweaker or modder does with a personal computer.

Circuit bending
Circuit bending is the creative customization of the circuits within electronic devices such as low voltage, battery-powered guitar effects, and small digital synthesizers to create new musical or visual instruments and sound generators. Emphasizing spontaneity and randomness, the techniques of circuit bending have been commonly associated with noise music, though many more conventional contemporary musicians and musical groups have been known to experiment with bent instruments. Circuit bending usually involves dismantling the machine and adding components such as switches and potentiometers that alter the circuit.

Cloning and cloners
Another common practice in the DIY audio community is to attempt to clone or copy a pre-existing design or component from a commercial manufacturer. This involves obtaining a lawful public version of, or lawfully reverse engineering, the circuit schematics for the design, and/or even the publicly available PCB layouts. Such a clone will not be a perfect copy since different brands and types of parts (often newer parts) will be used, and mechanical aspects of construction will likely differ. However, the circuit or other distinguishing features should be close to the original.

There are many reasons for wanting to recreate an existing design. The design might be historically important and/or out of production, so the only way to obtain the component is to build it. The design might be very simple so copying it is easily done. The commercial product might be very expensive but its design known, so it may be built for far less than it cost to be purchased. The original design may have some sentimental value to the person building the recreation, and the design built for the memories in one's past. The copy may be made to test or evaluate design concepts or principles in the original.

As an example, a well known clone includes amplifiers using high power integrated circuits, such as the National Semiconductor LM3875 and LM3886. The use of a high power IC as part of a quality audio amplifier was popularized by the 47 Labs Gaincard amplifier, and thus the DIY amplifiers using power ICs are often called chipamps or Gainclones.

Usually cloning additionally involves improving or tweaking (see above) the original design, potentially by using more modern components (in the case of discontinued designs,) higher quality parts, or more efficient board layout.

Operational amplifier swapping
Operational amplifier (op-amps) swapping is the process of replacing an operational amplifier in audio equipment with a different one, in an attempt to improve performance or change the perceived sound quality. Op-amps are used in most audio devices, and most op-amps have the same pinouts, making replacement fairly simple. If the new device's parameters sometimes do not match it can lead to problems like high-frequency oscillation.

title: DIY audio


text:
Motu Nui

Motu Nui (large island in the Rapa Nui language) is the largest of three islets just south of Easter Island and is the westernmost place in Chile. All three islets have seabirds, but Motu Nui was also an essential location for the Tangata manu ("Bird Man") cult which was the island religion between the moai era and the Christian era (the people of the island were converted to Roman Catholicism in the 1860s). Motu Nui is the summit of a large volcanic mountain which rises over 2,000 meters from the sea bed. It measures 3.9 hectares in land area and is the largest of the five satellite islets of Easter island. It is one of three islands that is closest to Point Nemo, the place in the ocean that is farthest from land, the other two being Ducie Island, one of the Pitcairn Islands, and Maher Island in Antarctica.

The ritual of the "Bird Man" cult was a competition to collect the first egg of the manutara. This took place starting from Motu Nui where the Hopu (representatives from each clan) waited for the sooty terns to lay their first eggs of the season. The Hopu who seized the first egg raced to swim back to Easter Island, climbed the cliffs to Orongo and presented the egg to their sponsor in front of the judges at Orongo. This gave their sponsor the title of Tangata manu and great power on the island for a year. Many Hopu were killed by sharks or by falling. The winning clan gained certain rights, including the collecting of eggs and young birds from the islets.

Motu means "island" in Rapa Nui language, and there are two smaller motus located nearby: Motu Kao Kao (a sea stack, rising around 20 meters (65 feet) above sea level) and Motu Iti (near Motu Nui).

Motu Nui was scientifically surveyed by the Routledge expedition of 1914, which reported that six other varieties of seabirds nested there in addition to the sooty tern. They explored two caves on Motu Nui, in one of which the Hopu used to stay while waiting for the first egg of the season, and the other used to contain Moai Maea "The Boundary of the Land," a small moai that had already been taken to the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford, England.

Although the Tangata Manu cult's rituals have long since been discontinued (the last competition known to have taken place in 1888), current visitors to Rapa Nui often enjoy the beauty of the Motus via small boat excursions from Hanga Roa, the island's only town. The diving in the sea between Motu Nui and Kau Kau is exceptional, and it is a highly sought-after scuba diving location for dive enthusiasts from around the world. Once heavily populated with sharks, the coastal waters of Rapa Nui are now much safer, due in large part to overfishing.

title: Motu Nui


text:
Talk:Haiku Valley

You really do not want to use Hawaiian markups in the article title. - Marshman 03:09, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

"was built following the attack on Pearl Harbor"
The radio station was built a couple of years before the attack.--Ratha K (talk) 12:30, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Haiku Valley. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091203060222/http://www.haikuvalley.com/ to http://www.haikuvalley.com/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:15, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Haiku Valley


text:
Category:Financial services companies

This category includes articles on specific financial services companies.

For articles on types of financial services, see Category:Financial services.

title: Category:Financial services companies


text:
Mount Washington Regional Airport

Mount Washington Regional Airport is a public airport located 3 mi east of downtown Whitefield in Coos County, New Hampshire, USA. The Civil Air Patrol maintains a composite squadron at this location.

It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a local general aviation facility.

The airport has a single, newly re-paved runway that is 4001 ft long, 75 ft wide, at an average altitude of 1074 ft MSL, beneath the Yankee One Military Operations Area (MOA). It features pilot-controlled lighting. Traffic pattern altitude is 2000 ft MSL, and pilots must make right traffic for runway 28 unless winds require use of Runway 10 during landing. Scheduled runway improvements have been completed and accepted which include re-alignment and resurfacing of a lengthened runway from 3495 to 4100 ft.

Local attractions include: Mountain View Grand Hotel 2 mi, Mount Washington Hotel 15 mi (including Bretton Woods Mountain Resort), Mount Washington Cog Railway, Santa's Village (9 mi) and Six Gun City (8 mi) theme parks (Jefferson). Other local towns include Franconia (and its Cannon Mountain Ski Area) (18 mi), Littleton (14 mi), Bethlehem (11 mi) and Lancaster (10 mi), where the Coos County Fair is held each summer. A regional view can be enjoyed from the lookout tower at historic Weeks State Park, located on Mount Prospect in Lancaster.

title: Mount Washington Regional Airport


text:
Talk:Nicolas Leblanc

Untitled
See Image of Nicholas LeBlanc

title: Talk:Nicolas Leblanc


text:
Snitch Newsweekly

Snitch was a free, alternative weekly newspaper published in parts of the United States covering crime and police news. Perhaps the most notable feature was the ZIP Code Crime Watch, which gave brief, usually sarcastic commentary on hundreds of items in the weekly police reports, broken down by ZIP codes, along with crime totals for the respective areas. Snitch also ran numerous crime-themed articles in each issue, as well as advertisements and classifieds.

History
Joseph Grove, a journalist in Louisville, Kentucky, developed the concept in 2000 with co-founders Mary Jacobson and Tim Sanford. The concept was inspired by a reference in Genius in Disguise (1995), Thomas Kunkel's biography of New Yorker founder Harold Ross, who had briefly contemplated starting a dedicated crime newspaper in New York City.

Snitch was started in Louisville, Kentucky, and the Media Audit showed 211,000 readers as of January 2005. There were also editions of the paper in Lexington, Kentucky, Northern Kentucky, Cincinnati, Ohio, San Diego, California, Savannah, Georgia, and South Carolina.

In December 2004, the parent company, a venture capital firm named Prosperitas, pulled out of the concept, and the Louisville edition was sold to Tim Woodburn, who owned the Lexington edition. Woodburn continued to publish in Louisville and Lexington, while the Savannah, Northern Kentucky, and San Diego, and editions had all stopped publishing (in October 2004, November 2004, and February 2005, respectively). The Columbia, South Carolina, edition continues to be published by Jim Shine and Jerry Adams on an intermittent basis.

In May 2005, the executive editor Richard Des Ruisseaux retired, having run the Louisville edition since its founding.

In July 2005, Louisville Crime, LLC, the new owners of Snitch, announced that they had been unable to reach agreement with the former owners about certain issues, so Louisville Snitch ceased publication immediately as of that date. The announcement said the paper would reopen late Fall 2005, under a new name, although this apparently did not happen.

In December 2005, Lexington Snitch also ceased publication, citing lack of advertising revenue and pledging a replacement, The Lexington Times, in spring 2006. The Lexington Times had not published a single edition as of February 2007.

title: Snitch Newsweekly


text:
Talk:Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Related RM
Those who have watchlisted this article may be interested in an RM taking place at Talk:Tenth Amendment. The RM asks whether the amendment to the US Constitution is the primary topic for the search term "Tenth Amendment". Extraordinary Writ (talk) 06:03, 9 April 2021 (UTC)

The addition of ", or to the people" to the 10th Amendment
The current version of the 10th amendment article claims that these words were added by the clerk and thus infers that no member of the Senate proposed the change and or the change had no discussion. It appears, of course, that all of the markup was handwritten by the clerk as that was his duty and the additions were not his idea or his doing other than as a scribe. I have become quite interested in these words as it is my opinion that this addition as ratified by the states empowers the House of Representatives as the official representative of the people of the United States, to introduce any legislation such that if that legislation is approved by the Senate and President it will be valid against the states. Out of respect for the guarantee clause, these words make a 3 pronged distribution of power as opposed to just two.

If anyone has a better cite for these 3 words I would be very interested. Please see the current references in the current document. The Trucker (talk) 22:54, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

 * This is an interesting and worthwhile sidenote, but a sidenote nonetheless. If the 10th amendment is a mere tautology, it is useless and already irrelevant. If, on the other hand, a power is reserved to a different entity besides the federal government, than the federal government does not have that power, making it irrelevant exactly which other entity (a state or a group of people or the people) have said ability/power. The feds lack the power anyways. But the history of these words and edits is worth exploring and if I find more info I'll make an update. Xam2580 (talk) 06:02, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I am attempting to find a way in which "the people" can exercise their reserved power. At present, "the people" have no power at all other than through elections and in some cases through "initiative" processes defined in state constitutions.  It may be that these words in combination with the guarantee clause could be used to force all states to provide an "initiative" process. I have been unable to find any data that clarifies the intent of these words.  More to the point, is the current interpretation of the 10th amendment correct? The Trucker (talk) 13:31, 8 June 2024 (UTC)
 * You seem to be looking at the 10th amendment as a means of preventing the federal government from making laws that the states do not like. That seems to be the mindset of most people as it has been repeated over and over for generations. But the text when interpreted with regard to the canons of construction and interpretation award powers to "the people" as the entire people of the United States as well as the state governments. That seems to mean that any bill passed by the House of Representatives is constitutionally proper with regard to the 10th amendment. The Trucker (talk) 19:48, 10 June 2024 (UTC)


text:
User:Lgreen

LGreen is involved in all things audio, high-end audio, stereo, and DIY audio.

LGreen has low aspirations. He has realized that there are so many rules and guidelines here at the wikipedia, that it is hopeless to attempt to learn them all. If he makes errors, he relies on others to fix them (but he really tries hard not to!). He started, and attempts to monitor, only the following few articles, though he edits much much more from time to time-

 * DIY Audio
 * High end audio
 * Clipping (audio)
 * Doxa S.A.
 * Cassette demagnetizer

As he has read almost every Dirk Pitt novel, he is adding to and creating articles related to this series of novels. Also, there is now editing of various articles on the Sopranos and South Park television programs.

And LGreen reads with amusement these articles:
 * Audiophile
 * Heavy-metal umlaut

title: User:Lgreen


text:
Talk:Iran flag

This article was proposed for deletion Feb. 2005. The discussion is archived at Votes for deletion/Iran flag. Joyous 03:15, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Iran flag


text:
User talk:Sodwiki

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. →Raul654 03:15, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)

Response from Sodwiki
I was only trying to fix what user SYSOP did with the redirect, although unsuccessful.

Image:Kennedy podium.jpg
This image, that you have uploaded, has now been listed at Images and media for deletion. Thuresson 03:55, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sodwiki


text:
User talk:Lgreen

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.

 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome! - jag123 03:17, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Red links
Hi, Lgreen. Thanks for your work on the High-end audio article. Just so you know, its not necessary to write "needs an article" next to red links in a list. They're red, so editors will know they need one. And since the wiki software automatically will change them to blue once an article is created, nobody needs to edit the parent article afterwards. Plus, having all those "needs an article" tags in the list breaks up the reading of the article. Thanks again for your contributions to the wikipedia community. -Satori 16:17, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Got it. Lgreen 06:16, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Perry Annunziata
Hey LGreen, I noticed you've been contributing a lot to The Sopranos - thanks for your work. I noticed in the Cold Stones (The Sopranos episode) page you've twice added to trivia that this was Perry's second appearance, I'm afraid you are mistaken. Actually he's been background in several episodes since he was beaten up by Tony, check IMDb, TV.com and the character entry for confirmation. --Opark 77 16:32, 24 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Right, thanks.Lgreen 22:13, 24 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Hey again, sorry about the rabbit thing but that wasn't me - it was MrFriday. I combined my cookbook point with your rabbit one and he subsequently pulled the rabbit part.--Opark 77 22:44, 24 May 2006 (UTC)
 * oh, sorry, thought it was you. Thanks for helping me with this stuff.  Lgreen 02:46, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Trojan Odyssey

The article Trojan Odyssey has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * non-notable per WP:BK.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. -- Alan Liefting (talk) - 23:26, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (File:Goldmund Logo.jpg)
Thanks for uploading File:Goldmund Logo.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Hazard-Bot (talk) 04:01, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Goldmund for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Goldmund is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Goldmund until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.  Velella  Velella Talk 08:06, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of St. Julien Perlmutter

The article St. Julien Perlmutter has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "No evidence this fictional character passes WP:NFICTION/GNG"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 11:01, 14 February 2020 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Hiram Yeager

The article Hiram Yeager has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "No evidence this fictional character passes WP:NFICTION/GNG"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 11:02, 14 February 2020 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Summer Pitt

The article Summer Pitt has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "No evidence this fictional character passes WP:NFICTION/GNG"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 11:02, 14 February 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lgreen


text:
Nuremberg Toy Museum

The Nuremberg Toy Museum (also known as Lydia Bayer Museum ) in Nuremberg, Bavaria, is a municipal museum, which was founded in 1971. It is considered to be one of the most well known toy museums in the world, depicting the cultural history of toys from antiquity to the present.

Hallersches Haus
The toy museum's building, located in Karlstraße 13–15, can be dated back to 1517 as being the property of Wilhelm Haller, senior, member of a patrician family. Jeweler, Paul Kandler bought the house in 1611 and had the front rebuilt for the first time (probably by Jakob Wolff senior). The oriel (this type of oriel is called a chörlein) was constructed roughly around 1720. A distinctive feature of the Hallersches Haus, but also of many other houses in Nuremberg, is the Dockengalerie, which is a wooden gallery built around an inner courtyard, connecting the adjacent buildings. 'Docken' refers to turned wooden balusters used for construction galleries and limbless wooden dolls.

The estate was badly damaged during the Second World War, but it was rebuilt in the following years. Furthermore, the building is one of the stops of the “Historical Mile Nuremberg”.

Lydia and Paul Bayer
The core of the museum's collection is approximately 12,000 toys, which have been collected over decades by Lydia (1897–1961) and Paul Bayer (1896–1982). The Bayers had begun to put together a comprehensive collection of toys by the early 1920s, although toys were not seen as having cultural or historical value at the time. The private Lydia Bayer Museum, located in Neubaustraße in Würzburg, was open to the public.

Museum
The city of Nuremberg took over the Bayers' stocks in 1966. Thanks to the support of the aid association, the Hallersches Haus in Karlstraße was ready to open in 1971.

The toy museum has turned into an extraordinarily successful museum with international recognition. The exhibits area was expanded to 1200 m2 in 1989 and to 1400 m2 in 1998 due to roof constructions. The Toy Museum and the German Games Archive in Nuremberg are part of the network Nuremberg Municipal Museums founded in 1994. Other places that are part of the network are the Dürer-Haus, the City Museum Fembohaus, the Tucher Mansion, the Museum for Industrial Culture, the Documentation Centre Nazi Party Rally Grounds and the Memorium Nuremberg Trials.

Gockelreiterbrunnen (Rooster Rider Fountain)
On the occasion of the inauguration of the museum in 1971, which incidentally marked the 500-year anniversary of Dürer’s birth, the Gockelreiterbrunnen (Rooster Rider Fountain), designed by Nuremberg artist, Michael Mathias Prechtl, was erected in front of the toy museum. The figure depicting a rooster rider is on top of a pipe rising up out of the fountain's washed-concrete basin. The colorfully painted ceramic figure, which is surrounded by iron bars, fits well into the location in two respects: not only is its shape reminiscent of a wooden toy referring to the function of the museum, but it also recalls Nuremberg as the city of toys.

Exhibitions
The collection, which contains around 87,000 objects, of which only about five percent are visible in the museum, spans the time from antiquity to the present. It focuses on the development of toys over the past two hundred years. The great majority of the toys are located in the museum depot, but can also be viewed on the museum's website, which gives an overview of the cultural history of the toy. Nuremberg's special role as a metropolis of toys in the industrial age becomes particularly apparent due to the local toy industry.

Permanent exhibitions and other exhibition spaces

 * Outdoor area
 * Café La Kritz with backyard railroad
 * Outdoor playground, Shadowland (rope net pyramid, rolling ball sculpture, labyrinth, distorting mirror)

 * First floor
 * In the Beginning was the Wood: wooden toys
 * Special exhibitions/event room for temporary exhibitions
 * Shop

 * Second floor
 * Dolls, dollhouses: Nuremberg kitchens or doll's kitchens, paper and tin figures
 * Optical toys: zograscope, the magic lantern or the stereoscope.

 * Third floor
 * World of Technology: a large model railway layout, numerous vehicles, trains, steam engines, movable figures and more technical toys

 * Top floor
 * Toys since 1945: Lego, Barbie, Playmobil and more current toys
 * The newly built kids’ area Kids on top offers a wide range of activities. Children can play, do handicrafts, play table-top football, experiment with various construction sets or read children’s books.

title: Nuremberg Toy Museum


text:
User:Aurbina

Artemio Urbina

title: User:Aurbina


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zetapets

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. -- AllyUnion (talk) 16:45, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Zetapets
Article on a website, 6000 Google hits, Alexa ranking of 391,976. Delete. JoaoRicardo 03:19, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep, like neopets but not included in happy meals, its hits probably dropped off due to recent down time--nixie 03:38, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * del. 04:25, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC). Sorry, forgot to sign. Mikkalai 04:57, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: Comment by Mikkalai. --InShaneee 04:46, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but with reservations. Article needs expansion. Megan1967 06:18, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. More expansion is needed for me to make an informed opinion. Zzyzx11 06:58, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. ComCat 09:07, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, seems notable enough, should be expanded. — Asbestos | Talk  09:39, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Since there's oodles of online games, I fail to see what's so notable about this one. Weak delete. Radiant! 12:39, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep, provided somebody can come up with some content for the article. as it stands, it's all meta-talk about the site. Avriette 14:03, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * keep, I am the current ad-hoc author of this article - which I have added to since it has undergone the 'Vote for Deletion'. I am writing mainly from memory and references I have noted pre-downtime and I will endeavour to continue the editing of this article throughout the next few days to make it a more complete wiki entry. 03:08, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC) (Mosey)
 * Mosey, please note that the size of the article is not the reason it's up here. Rather, not all of us are convinced that this online game is special amidst the thousands of other online games.--Radiant! 09:34, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This isn't even one of the more significant Neopets clones. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 22:06, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I'd had some difficulty making this decision, but the new edits of the page have me sold. The article is pure advertising, and the site itself has little to no notability aside from the fact that it looks like Neopets. Worth a note on the Neopets page at very best, but nothing else. --InShaneee 03:07, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid I don't quite understand how the article is pure advertising? I am attempting to follow the format of the 'Neopets' entry (starting from Account Basics) since that appears to be the one of the main reference points of these opinions. Perhaps I should start from Controversy and Criticism? Thank you InShaneee however for editing my original entry to a more suitable format for Wiki. --Mosey 05:35, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC) (just created an account)
 * Weak keep. I'm reaaaaally waiting for this to impress me; I might change my vote if it doesn't. Tim Rhymeless (Er...let's shimmy)  06:41, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Recycling Troll 09:41, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Tentative delete. Doesn't appear to be notable. RadicalSubversiv E 20:34, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advertisement for an online game with 460 unique google hits and 35 players online as of right now. NN.  —Korath (Talk) 12:45, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:70.80.176.137

title: User talk:70.80.176.137


text:
User:Nbarbettini

My name is Nathanael Barbettini, hence the username nbarbettini. I am an infrequent Wikipedia contributor, quite happy to correct the occasional typo or grammatical error and add new information once in a while.

I am a proud staff member of Wildfire Games and a geek at heart.

... More to come (sometime in the distant future).

title: User:Nbarbettini


text:
User talk:The lesbian

The lesbian?? ;) Dysprosia 09:09, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I certainly hope not. :) The lesbian 06:37, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Gah! How can I get it to stop telling me that I have messages?? The lesbian

 * It should stop after you edit the page... HTH Dysprosia 08:18, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I am still very much getting the hang of this. The lesbian 14:50, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia! You are not the only "out" lesbian editor: see http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Queer_Wikipedians -- and there are probably many more lesbian Wikiwomen who are not listed there. I look forward to reading your contributions. -- The Anome 08:02, Mar 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Ha ha! Thanks for the heads up.  I didn't really imagine for a second I was the only one, I was just in a pissy mood when I made the name.  I love the paraphrase and quote on your page.  As for my edits, it might be a while, but I want to do something with the entry on Emmeline Pankhurst, though I might write on Efuru first if I can get my hands on a copy of the book.  Wikipedia is just so exciting!  •The lesbian 12:53, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Mmbethune.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Mmbethune.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Longhair 01:27, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:The lesbian


text: Category:Road transport in Switzerland

title: Category:Road transport in Switzerland


text:
Cherry Plain State Park

Cherry Plain State Park is a 175 acre state park located in Rensselaer County, New York in the United States. The park is located in Cherry Plain at the southwest part of the Town of Berlin, near the Massachusetts border. Outdoor recreational opportunities are also available within the Capital District Wildlife Management Area, a 4153 acre conservation area that nearly surrounds the park.

Park description
Cherry Plain State Park offers a beach, picnic tables with pavilions, a playground, recreation programs, a nature trail, hiking and biking, cross-country skiing, fishing (bass, bullheads and pickerel), ice fishing, and a boat launch with boat rentals. Thirty campsites are available at the park, including ten trailer sites, ten tent sites near Black River Pond, and ten sites that can be reached only by hiking.

Cherry Plain State Park is nearly completely surrounded by the 4153 acre Capital District Wildlife Management Area, managed by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. The minimally improved WMA offers opportunities for hiking and cross-country skiing on 9 mile of hiking trails and 7 mile of truck trails, in addition to space for horseback riding, hunting, and trapping. In addition to wildlife typical of wooded areas, such as white-tailed deer, beaver, and wild turkey, the Capital District Wildlife Management Area also hosts moose, which have recently arrived in the region from neighboring states.

title: Cherry Plain State Park


text:
User:Rlynagh-shannon

Hello This is me RLS. I hope you enjoy my contributions during my time researching Oman for my AP History Class. --RLS 03:25, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Rlynagh-shannon


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chipped beef on toast

Chipped beef on toast
This page should be transwikied to wikibooks, specifically to the cookbook. GeorgeStepanek\talk  03:26, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Although not much more can be said about it, this is not just a recipe. Any American GI for at least the last hundred years will instantly recognize it, and, love it or hate it, it was notable. Most of the time when my unit got a hot breakfast in the field, this was it. DialUp 05:27, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki, recipes such are these are okay but not as an article in the main pedia. Megan1967 06:07, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * It needs to be mentioned somewhere. Is there an article about military food in general, which would include SOS, C-rationss, and MRE, for example? --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 07:03, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into an article (if one exists) on Military cooking, Military cuisine, Cooking of the military, Military rations, or Military food. And don't leave out Spam! --Calton 09:00, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, here we are: United States army rations --Calton 09:03, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I have summarised the non-recipe info in United States army rations, and copied the recipe to wikibooks:Cookbook:Chipped beef on toast. GeorgeStepanek\talk  09:53, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * To be technical, SOS is not part of the field rations. Field rations are provided where a field kitchen can't be set up. I suppose if there is a section on mess hall food it could go there. DialUp 15:39, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * True, but the article is about rations in general, not just field rations, even though that appears to be its main focus at the moment. GeorgeStepanek\talk  19:33, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to wikibooks. ComCat 09:05, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * transwiki as above, plus redirect to Calton's suggestion. Radiant! 09:17, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Agree with Dialup.  This has at least as much cultural as culinary significance.  -- Smerdis of Tlön 14:53, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but reduce significance of recipe - culturally significant and provides a destination for "shit on a shingle" which will inevitably be searched for. -- Cyrius|✎ 15:25, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Shit on a shingle itself was VfD'd and transwikied to wiktionary in Dec 2003: see Transwiki_log/Archive1. It is now a redirect. We can easily change that redirect to point to the wikibooks page. If it really is that culturally significant, then please take a minute to expand the article to explain its significance. But the recipe really has no place here: wikipedia doesn't do how-to's any more. GeorgeStepanek\talk  20:56, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * P. S. You are mistaken about how-tos. I've asked about this several times and as nearly as I can tell, this is a repeatedly asserted misconception. See How-to, which still exist and still appears to be policy. Dpbsmith (talk) 03:43, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * "I think [the how-tos] are all going to be moved, and [ How-to ] will be here until they are all gone. It serves as a useful place to find the lists in order to move them, but it isn't really a valid page anymore." (Angela Feb 23, 2004) My understanding is that while how-tos still exist on Wikipedia, they should be progressively migrated to wikibooks. GeorgeStepanek\talk  04:23, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I have heard conflicting things. I don't have a strong position on this personally, but I wish we would make up our collective minds. I don't care that much which way it is, but I'd like the codified, published policy to align with whatever we actually say and do, or vice versa. I tried to clarify this last year by nominating Wikibooks for VfD on the basis of being out of date. If you check the history, you will not only that the nomination failed, but that Improv's change to read "Wikipedia articles should not be How-tos, but may provide historical context and further information on the content of the How-to. Howtos may be placed on Wikibooks instead" was reverted. That was in November 2004, so it seems to me that as of November, the current text of How-to has been reaffirmed to be current policy. And it says nothing there about gradual migration to Wikibooks. This is probably a persistent no-consensus, must-agree-to-disagree state. Dpbsmith (talk) 12:27, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: cultural significance. Article is fine as it is. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:00, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It has cultural significance. The recipe, being from a 1910 Army cookbook, is historical. This is not an article consisting of a recipe, particularly not a recipe you'd find in an ordinary cookbook. This is an article about an American food, with the recipe in fact serving to define the food and amplify the article. The article could certainly benefit from expansion but is OK as it stands. Dpbsmith (talk) 03:43, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I've just added a couple of quotations (one Army, one Navy) intended to indicate that creamed chipped beef on toast is culturally significant and emblematic of military life in the U. S. Dpbsmith (talk) 04:10, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * "The recipe, being from a 1910 Army cookbook, is historical"—is not a reason for keeping it in Wikipedia. See Don't include copies of primary sources. However, I accept that the article now justifies its existence, and I have withdrawn the VfD. GeorgeStepanek\talk  04:23, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:131.46.41.71

title: User talk:131.46.41.71


text:
Allende metro station

Allende is a station on Line 2 of the Mexico City Metro system. It is located in the Colonia Centro district of the Cuauhtémoc municipality of Mexico City, on Tacuba street west of the main square in downtown. In 2019 the station had an average ridership of 28,873 passengers per day.

Name and pictogram
The station is named in honor of general Ignacio Allende, one of the principal instigators of the Mexican War of Independence of 1810. This is due to the fact that the station is located near the intersection of the Tacuba and Allende streets. The station's pictogram depicts the bust of Allende.

General information
The station opened on 14 September 1970 as part of the second stretch of Line 2, from Pino Suárez to Tacuba.

The station has the peculiar feature that its platforms are not directly connected underground as it is the case with most stations in the system. In order to change platforms at Allende one has to exit the station and cross the street, thus making it necessary to pay the fare again, a feature only shared with Metro Tezozómoc in Line 6.

From 23 April to 24 June 2020, the station was temporarily closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.

Nearby

 * Teatro de la Ciudad, theater.
 * House of the Legislative Assembly of the Federal District
 * Museo Nacional de Arte, national art museum.
 * Palacio de Minería, museum of the Faculty of Engineering of UNAM.

Exits

 * Northeast: Tacuba street, Centro
 * Northwest: Tacuba street, Centro
 * Southeast: Tacuba street and Motolinia street, Centro
 * Southwest: Tacuba street, Centro

title: Allende metro station


text:
User talk:Rlynagh-shannon

Very Nice RLS!

title: User talk:Rlynagh-shannon