text:
INTEGRAL

The INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) is a space telescope for observing gamma rays of energies up to 8 MeV. It was launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) into Earth orbit in 2002, and is designed to provide imaging and spectroscopy of cosmic sources. In the MeV energy range, it is the most sensitive gamma ray observatory in space. It is sensitive to higher energy photons than X-ray instruments such as NuSTAR, the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, XMM-Newton, and lower than other gamma-ray instruments such Fermi and HESS.

Photons in INTEGRAL's energy range are emitted by relativistic and supra-thermal particles in violent sources, radioactivity from unstable isotopes produced during nucleosynthesis, X-ray binaries, and astronomical transients of all types, including gamma-ray bursts. The spacecraft's instruments have very wide fields of view, which is particularly useful for detecting gamma-ray emission from transient sources as they can continuously monitor large parts of the sky.

INTEGRAL is an ESA mission with additional contributions from European member states including Italy, France, Germany, and Spain. Cooperation partners are the Russian Space Agency with IKI (military CP Comand Punkt KW) and NASA.

As of June 2023, INTEGRAL continues to operate despite the loss of its thrusters through the use of its reaction wheels and solar radiation pressure.

Mission
Radiation more energetic than optical light, such as ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays, cannot penetrate Earth's atmosphere, and direct observations must be made from space. INTEGRAL is an observatory, scientists can propose for observing time of their desired target regions, data are public after a proprietary period of up to one year.

INTEGRAL was launched from the Russian Baikonur spaceport, in Kazakhstan. The 2002 launch aboard a Proton-DM2 rocket achieved a 3-day elliptical orbit with an apogee of nearly 160,000 km and a perigee of above 2,000 km, hence mostly beyond radiation belts which would otherwise lead to high instrumental backgrounds from charged-particle activation. The spacecraft and instruments are controlled from ESOC in Darmstadt, Germany, ESA's control centre, through ground stations in Belgium (Redu) and California (Goldstone).

2015: Fuel usage is much lower than predictions. INTEGRAL has far exceeded its 2+3-year planned lifetime, and is set to enter Earth atmosphere in 2029 as a definite end of the mission. Its orbit was adjusted in Jan/Feb 2015 to cause such a safe (southern) reentry (due to lunar/solar perturbations, predicted for 2029), using half the remaining fuel then.

In July 2020 INTEGRAL put itself in safe-mode, and it seemed the thrusters had failed. Since then alternative algorithms to slew and unload the reaction wheels have been developed and tested.

In September 2021 a single event upset triggered a sequence of events that put INTEGRAL into an uncontrolled tumbling state, considered to be a 'mission critical anomaly'. The operations team used the reaction wheels to recover attitude control.

In March 2023, INTEGRAL science operations were extended to the end of 2024, which will be followed by a two-year post-operations phase and further monitoring of the spacecraft until its estimated reentry in February 2029.

Also in March 2023, a new software based safe mode was tested that would use reaction wheels (rather than the failed thrusters).

Spacecraft
The spacecraft body ("service module") is a copy of the XMM-Newton body. This saved development costs and simplified integration with infrastructure and ground facilities. (An adapter was necessary to mate with the different booster, though.) However, the denser instruments used for gamma rays and hard X-rays make INTEGRAL the heaviest scientific payload ever flown by ESA.

The body is constructed largely of composites. Propulsion is by a hydrazine monopropellant system, containing 544 kg of fuel in four exposed tanks. The titanium tanks were charged with gas to 24 bar (2.4 MPa) at 30 °C, and have tank diaphragms. Attitude control is via a star tracker, multiple Sun sensors (ESM), and multiple momentum wheels. The dual solar arrays, spanning 16 meters when deployed and producing 2.4 kW BoL, are backed up by dual nickel-cadmium battery sets.

The instrument structure ("payload module") is also composite. A rigid base supports the detector assemblies, and an H-shaped structure holds the coded masks approximately 4 meters above their detectors. The payload module can be built and tested independently from the service module, reducing cost.

Alenia Spazio (now Thales Alenia Space Italia) was the spacecraft prime contractor.

Instruments
Four instruments with large fields-of-view are co-aligned on this platform, to study targets across such a wide energy range of almost two orders of magnitude in energy (other astronomy instruments in X-rays or optical cover much smaller ranges of factors of a few at most). Imaging is achieved by coded masks casting a shadowgram onto pixelised cameras; the tungsten masks were provided by the University of Valencia, Spain.

The INTEGRAL imager, IBIS (Imager on-Board the INTEGRAL Satellite) observes from 15 keV (hard X-rays) to 10 MeV (gamma rays). Angular resolution is 12 arcmin, enabling a bright source to be located to better than 1 arcmin. A 95 x 95 mask of rectangular tungsten tiles sits 3.2 meters above the detectors. The detector system contains a forward plane of 128 x 128 Cadmium-Telluride tiles (ISGRI- Integral Soft Gamma-Ray Imager), backed by a 64 x 64 plane of Caesium-Iodide tiles (PICsIT- Pixellated Caesium-Iodide Telescope). ISGRI is sensitive up to 1 MeV, while PICsIT extends to 10 MeV. Both are surrounded by passive shields of tungsten and lead. IBIS was provided by PI institutes in Rome/Italy and Paris/France.

The spectrometer aboard INTEGRAL is SPI, the SPectrometer of INTEGRAL. It was conceived and assembled by the French Space Agency CNES, with PI institutes in Toulouse/France and Garching/Germany. It observes radiation between 20 keV and 8 MeV. SPI has a coded mask of hexagonal tungsten tiles, above a detector plane of 19 germanium crystals (also packed hexagonally). The high energy resolution of 2 keV at 1 MeV is capable to resolve all candidate gamma-ray lines. The Ge crystals are actively cooled with a mechanical system of Stirling coolers to about 80K.

IBIS and SPI use active detectors to detect and veto charged particles that lead to background radiation. The SPI ACS (AntiCoincidence Shield) consists of a BGO scintillator blocks surrounding the camera and aperture, detecting all charged particles, and photons exceeding an energy of about 75 keV, that would hit the instrument from directions different from the aperture. A thin layer of plastic scintillator behind the tungsten tiles serves as additional charged-particle detector within the aperture.

The large effective area of the ACS turned out to be useful as an instrument in its own right. Its all-sky coverage and sensitivity make it a natural gamma-ray burst detector, and a valued component of the IPN (InterPlanetary Network).

Dual JEM-X units provide additional information on sources at soft and hard X-rays, from 3 to 35 keV. Aside from broadening the spectral coverage, imaging is more precise due to the shorter wavelength. Detectors are gas scintillators (xenon plus methane) in a microstrip layout, below a mask of hexagonal tiles.

INTEGRAL includes an Optical Monitor (OMC) instrument, sensitive from 500 to 580 nm. It acts as both a framing aid, and can note the activity and state of some brighter targets, e.g. it had been useful to monitor supernova light over months from SN2014J.

The spacecraft also includes a radiation monitor, INTEGRAL Radiation Environment Monitor (IREM), to note the orbital background for calibration purposes. IREM has an electron and a proton channel, though radiation up to cosmic rays can be sensed. Should the background exceed a preset threshold, IREM can shut down the instruments.

Scientific results
INTEGRAL contributes to multi-messenger astronomy, detecting gamma rays from the first merger of two neutron stars observed in gravitational waves, and from a fast radio burst. By 2018, approximately 5,600 scientific papers had been published, averaging one every 29 hours since the launch.

title: INTEGRAL


text:
User:Teknic/Litterbox

The Friday night dinner is a semi-monthly secret dinner in the [San Francisco Bay]] area that is attended by many academics, researchers, authors, and others involved in the study of [psychedelic drugs]]. The dinners are [potlucks]] organized by a [mailing list]], and are known for short as "fnds". Admission of new people is on a selective basis; current members may invite new people they feel they can trust. Drug use is explicitly forbidden at the dinners.

Regular Attendees

 * [Alexander Shulgin]] (godfather of [MDMA]]; inventor of [2C-B]])
 * [Jean Millay]] (the scientist who led the inquiry into [Yuri Geller]])
 * [Ann Shulgin]]
 * [Dennis McKenna]] (brother of [Terence McKenna]])
 * [Bob Wallace]] (before he died in [2003]])
 * [Dale Pendell]]
 * [Myron Stolaroff]]
 * [Mike Crowley]]
 * [Erik Davis]]
 * [Melanie Crowley]]
 * [William Leonard Pickard]] (now serving [life imprisonment]])

Others who have attended

 * [Genesis P-Orridge]]
 * [Albert Hoffman]]
 * [Terence McKenna]]

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Teknic/Litterbox


text:
User talk:FidoD

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 14:52, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
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Image:Mcarthylist.jpg
I am not sure where you got the idea that User:172 uploaded that picture of McCarthy. According to the file history, a user named User:J.J. uploaded it on 4 July 2003. HTH -- Viajero 21:21, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * You are absolutly right. Please ignore my comment.

title: User talk:FidoD


text:
User talk:Teknic

Deleted comment
Hi there! No problem, I've struck out my own comment now. If you are concerned about redirects from mispelings, I'd suggest you comment on that at either the Village Pump, or WP:RFD. Yours, Radiant_* 11:40, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

Daisy Berkowitz
Hi there Teknic; being fairly new here, I wasnt exactly sure what cleanup meant - thank you for clarifying. I have rewritten the article, as I see now that it was in fact too much like a biography. Thanks again. --Midwinter 07:19, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

Revision Three
The article has been revised again and will probably be revised another couple of times over the next few weeks. Thanks for the comments: I think I understand what you mean RE: the biography issue. I definitely appreciate your taking time to look at my article. Thanks again. --Midwinter 19:58, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

The GB
No problem, man. Gotta look out for each other, right? --Girolamo Savonarola 15:16, 2005 May 8 (UTC)

wiki-thanks
Hi, Thanks for fixing my vandalized user page. A strange bit of work it was, too. — Davenbelle 09:22, May 24, 2005 (UTC)

Petrol
Thanks for letting me know about the edit conflict. Once again, I'm sorry for striking out your comment. I'm not a seasoned Wikipedia editor so I sometimes make mistakes. It's good that you removed all the strikes - that puts everyone on an even keel. Hopefully we can have a more friendly debate in the future :) — Yama 02:19, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

I wondered where your post went :)

But seriously, all is good. The debate has become quite heated so it can be difficult to stay calm. I had to take a break from the debate so that I wouldn't accidentally post something I didn't really intend. I came back and found that the discussion had exploded and the article had been moved. Oh well :) — Yama 08:10, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Votes for deletion/Jannali East Public School
Thanks for your words on my talk page; the vfd tag came about when I had been cleaning up and putting stub tags on any number of pointless stubs about rap songs, and the guy making them was starting to annoy me. I've had a good night's sleep now, and I'm feeling a little more charitable. Thanks. Deltabeignet 19:22, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Gasoline/Petrol
It seemed like a good idea at the time...  ℬ astique ▼ talk 23:04, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Did you read my most recent replies to you, dated 01:34, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)? You responded to only one. —Lifeisunfair 04:57, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * No, I haven't read them yet as I don't usually wiki on weekends, but before I read them I want to apologize for contributing to the animosity on Talk:Petrol. I'm saying this now just incase your new replies cause me to feel, shall we say, "less apologetic" :)  If so, however, I understand your motivation.  That page seems to bring out the aggressive side of me because I've already had to apologize recently to another editor (Yama).  I have a strong belief in the doctrine of "encyclopedia first, community second" which puts me at odds with the original author "policy" (which is actually just a suggestion).  I understand it's potential benefits for the community; that being the prevention of drawn-out debates over such minimally important things like spelling, however it is my belief (and many others) that it also has the potential to compromise the quality of the encyclopedia.  While the original author of Gasoline happened to choose the best name for the article, the original author of Check didn't, which you know because you voted to move it to Cheque.  There wasn't any opposition to that particular move, however anybody could have easily rounded up enough die-hard pure AE supporters to keep it at the "original" page no matter how well anyone proved the appropriateness of "Cheque".  ...Wow, I didn't plan to write this much and now my apology seems like a soapbox, so once more; I'm sorry for possibly promoting hostility between us.    — Teknic T-M-C 08:03, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok, I've read everything and am pleased to say that all is well. I respect your rebuttals and have replied to most of them (apologies included when necessary).  Sorry about the "unfair" analogies; they were pretty juvenile.    — Teknic T-M-C 10:58, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Apologies accepted; please see my new replies. —Lifeisunfair 05:03, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Please, please, please come by and put in a proper vote. You did lure me into this discussion after all. Your "friend" is unbelievably relentless in his point-picking.  ℬ astique ▼ talk 21:26, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Your Front Door
Very nice. I wish I knew how to do that.. ;-)  hydnjo talk 01:18, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, thank you. I have disabled your border code (for now) as I found it a bit distracting however I will do some funning around with it. Also, the links you provided will be inspirational to at least getting my HTML feet wet. hydnjo talk 16:54, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I've copied your HTML border markup to my sandbox (for fooling around purposes). Also, I've relocated it on my Talkpage to enclose your edit. Question: Can you show me what needs to be done so that the border doesn't extend down into the next subject? Thanks again, hydnjo talk 19:54, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Of course (slaps forehead)! I should have been able to figure that one out. Anyway, thanks for the hand-holding. hydnjo talk 22:10, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I need friends

 * Please please please don't let Yama bait me anymore. If you see something I haven't responded to, could you type something like, "Bastique, leave it alone.  Just don't repond."  You warned me from the beginning.  And sure enough, Yama is just the type of arrogant sod that brings out the absolute worst in me.  I appreciate the time you took to read this.   ℬ astique ▼ talk 02:40, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

re:pictures
normally I'd agree, however removing an image to enforce copyright in itself not to mention the fact that I would have ended up being criticized if I changed things around by deleting the entire image tags since that means I would have had to rework a couple of userboxes which means I would have redirected page designs which I refuse to do withotu the user's permission. The issue with not notifying them is partially more the fact that it honestly would have taken much much more time to notify every single person so I took the hasty approach which in retrospect may have been a mistake. Jtkiefer T - 08:35, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Proposal on Notability
Because you're a member of the Association of Inclusionist Wikipedians, I'm notifying you that the inclusionist proposa Non-notabilityl is in progress to define the role of notability in articles. Please help us make this successful! Also note the proposal Importance is a deletionist proposla that seeks to officially introduce notabiltiy for the first time. --Ephilei 04:45, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Demo (computer programming)

The article Demo (computer programming) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * An article based on original research and a few unreliable sources.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Λeternus (talk) 09:17, 12 August 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Teknic


text:
Three Shire Stone (Lake District)

The Three Shire Stone is a boundary stone that marks the location where the historic English counties of Lancashire, Cumberland and Westmorland meet. The point is in the English Lake District at the summit of Wrynose Pass; latitude 54°25' North, longitude 3°7' West, elevation 1289 feet (393 m) above sea level.

The limestone monolith was cut in the Lancashire village of Cartmel in 1816 for the Furness roadmaster William Field; however, it was not erected until 1860, after his death. The front of the stone is inscribed with the word Lancashire. On the reverse side is the inscription W.F. 1816. It is grade II listed.

In 1997, the stone was smashed into four pieces, probably as the result of a motor accident. It was restored in 1998 by stonemason Gordon Greaves of Troutbeck Bridge. The unveiling ceremony of the restored monument took place on 27 April 1998. The possible loss of the stone prompted organisations, including Friends of Real Lancashire, to raise money for its restoration. The National Trust moved the car park away from the restored stone, and placed some cobbles in the turf to mark the county boundaries radiating from it.

The stone was found fallen and damaged in summer 2017, but was once again repaired and restored to its original location. It was still standing in August 2023.

title: Three Shire Stone (Lake District)


text:
User talk:Eruci

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 14:55, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Eruci


text:
Fatty acid methyl ester

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are a type of fatty acid ester that are derived by transesterification of fats with methanol. The molecules in biodiesel are primarily FAME, usually obtained from vegetable oils by transesterification. They are used to produce detergents and biodiesel. FAME are typically produced by an alkali-catalyzed reaction between fats and methanol in the presence of base such as sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide or potassium hydroxide. One reason for using FAME (fatty acid methyl esters) in biodiesel production, rather than free fatty acids, is to mitigate the potential corrosion they can cause to metals of engines, production facilities, and related infrastructure. While free fatty acids are only mildly acidic, over time they can lead to cumulative corrosion. In contrast, their esters, such as FAME, are less corrosive and therefore preferred for biodiesel production. As an improved quality, FAMEs also usually have about 12-15 units higher cetane number than their unesterified counterparts.

 * [[Image:Transesterification FAME.svg|center]]

Other details
Every microorganism has its specific FAME profile (microbial fingerprinting). After triglycerides, fatty acids and certain other lipids of some cultured microbes are esterified, they become volatile enough for analysis with gas chromatography which is used to create FAME profile. These profiles can be used as a tool for microbial source tracking (MST) to identify pathological bacteria strains and for characterizing new species of bacteria.

For example, a profile created from cultured bacteria from some water sample can be compared to a profile of known pathological bacteria to find out if the water is polluted by feces or not.

In June 2022, Polycyclopropanated fatty acid methyl ester (POP-FAME) fuels were biosynthesized from Streptomyces coelicolor bacteria, which have energy densities of more than 50MJ/L larger than the most widely used aviation and rocket fuels.

title: Fatty acid methyl ester


text:
Betula lenta

Betula lenta (sweet birch, also known as black birch, cherry birch, mahogany birch, or spice birch) is a species of birch native to eastern North America, from southern Maine west to southernmost Ontario, and south in the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia.

Characteristics
Betula lenta is a medium-sized deciduous tree reaching 30 m tall, exceptionally to 35 m with a trunk up to 60 cm diameter. Heights of 50 ft to 80 ft are more typical. In younger trees the bark is characteristic of most birches, with smooth bark and distinct horizontal lenticels. It is sometimes mistakenly identified as a cherry tree. In older tree specimens the bark (unlike the more commonly known birches) develops vertical cracks into irregular scaly plates revealing rough dark brown bark patterns. This, however, only occurs in mature, or ancient, trees and these specimens are not often identified by the public as B. lenta due to the difference between the tree's smooth young bark (which the public is most familiar with) and the tree's rough, cracked and plated mature bark. The twigs, when scraped, have a strong scent of wintergreen due to methyl salicylate, which is produced in the bark. The leaves are alternate, ovate, 6-15 cm long and 4 to(-) broad, with a finely serrated margin. The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins 2.5-3 cm long, the male catkins pendulous, the female catkins erect. The fruit, maturing in fall, is composed of numerous tiny winged seeds packed between the catkin bracts. Seed production mainly occurs in trees that are between 40 and 200 years old, although light crops may occur as early as 15 years and as long as the tree lives.

Age
The oldest known B. lenta has been confirmed to be 368 years old, and the species may live even longer in an undisturbed ancient forest. Due to the cracking and developing of bark plates, a rough age estimate can be determined by how many bark layers a tree has. Generally the tree's smooth young bark begins to split around 40–50 years of age, and then begins to peel off the trunk around the age of 70-80. It is then replaced by another layer of bark, which will begin to peel at around 130–150 years. The third layer will peel when the tree has reached 200–210 years and achieved "old growth" status. This will continue to occur as long as the tree lives, but the individual bark layers become indiscernible after roughly 250 years of age.

Black birch seeds at a prolific rate and quickly colonizes disturbed areas. In the Northeastern US in the 1980s, infestations of spongy moths, Hemlock woolly adelgid, and Discula destructiva killed many trees, and their place was taken by black birch.

Uses
The wood of black birch is heavy at 47 pounds per cubic foot and is used for furniture, millwork, and cabinets. It is similar to yellow birch wood and often not distinguished from it in the lumber trade.

The sap flows about a month later than maple sap, and much faster. The trees can be tapped in a similar fashion, but must be gathered about three times more often. Birch sap can be boiled the same as maple sap, but its syrup is stronger (like molasses). It can be used to make birch beer. Boiling also destroys volatile quantities of wintergreen oil.

The inner bark can be eaten raw as an emergency food. The twigs and inner bark can be steeped to make tea.

Black birch was once harvested extensively to produce oil of wintergreen, the tree was borderline endangered until the 1950s-60s when synthetic oil of wintergreen appeared.

Ecology
The leaves of this species serve as food for some caterpillars and the solitary leaf-cutter bee Megachile rubi cuts pieces from the leaves to line the cells of its nest.

Deer do not tend to browse young B. lenta allowing trees to grow in areas with high deer populations, Betula alleghaniensis, a close relative of B. lenta, is, however, heavily browsed by deer. This accounts for a lack of B. alleghaniensis and an abundance of B. lenta where deer populations are high. In abandoned fields, B. lenta is often thicket forming and protects trees not resistant to deer browsing.

title: Betula lenta


text: User:Mcpadders

title: User:Mcpadders


text:
Category:Creationists

Creationism is the religious belief that the Universe and life originated "from specific acts of divine creation. For young Earth creationists, this includes a biblical literalist interpretation of the Genesis creation narrative and the rejection of the scientific theory of evolution. As the history of evolutionary thought developed from the 18th century on, various views aimed at reconciling the Abrahamic religions and Genesis with biology and other sciences developed in Western culture. Those holding that species had been created separately (such as Philip Gosse in 1857) were generally called "advocates of creation" but were also called "creationists," as in private correspondence between Charles Darwin and his friends. As the creation–evolution controversy developed over time, the term "anti-evolutionists" became common.

In 1929 in the United States, the term "creationism" first became associated with Christian fundamentalists, specifically with their rejection of human evolution and belief in a young Earth—although this usage was contested by other groups, such as old Earth creationists and evolutionary creationists, who hold different concepts of creation, such as the acceptance of the age of the Earth and biological evolution as understood by the scientific community.

title: Category:Creationists


text:
User talk:Dorit

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. To read up on the latest wikinews, have a look at the Wikipedia Signpost.

You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 14:58, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Hi
Hi Dorit, yes I'm well. I hope you are too.

I hope you enjoy reading about Ireland, I'm doing my best to improve the articles on modern Irish history right now. It is not always an easy task as people tend to disagree about things, as I'm sure you can imagine!

Feel free to contact me if you like, about Irish topics or anything at all, but I'm not sure my email address is working right now. Still, give it a try if you want.

All the best,

Jdorney 23:14, 26 October 2006 (UTC)
 * You have no idea how much I know about "people tend to disagree". I have translate some articles already and still continue my "Irish project". If I'll have troubles, I will e-mail you. Thank you for your willing to help! Dorit 23:20, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Happy Christmas
Hey Dorit, how are you doing? Greetings of the season ;)

Jdorney 16:33, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hey, I am well, and you? I have been watching over your last edits few days ago. It's gave me the idea to translate Kingsmill massacre, unless you have a better idea. Maybe something about holiday season? Happy new year! Dorit 19:35, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

Hey Dorit, you might prefer something more cheerful?? I end up editing all these articles on appalling violence for some reason, I don't know know why. Mainly its because I think that other people have written such rubbish. Have a look at the Newgrange article. It is a prehistoric tomb in county Meath, constructed so that on just one day of the year (yesterday, the winter solstice, the shortest day of the year) the sun shines into the centre of the tomb. Anyway, take care of yourself.

Jdorney 10:39, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Good ideas. and yes, More cheerful is needed. I think some wikipedian are afraid since I have tendency to translate articles full with blood and tears when it's come to Ireland. But it is very interesting project that I really like. And you have a part in this, since you have been a great help. Also, things are alright here, I hope that everything is well with you too. Happy christmas and a wonderful new year! Dorit 14:48, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

Hello again!
Hi Dorit, nice to hear from you. I've changed my email address since we were last in contact so I didn't get your mail.

Contact me at Jdorney (talk) 15:06, 1 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Good to see u around too. I've sent it through Wikipedia, but I'll re-send it right away. Thank you very much, Dorit (talk) 17:14, 1 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Sorry Dorit, still didn't get it. That's probably my fault as I made a mistake in the email, it's Regards Jdorney (talk) 18:53, 1 December 2009 (UTC)
 * It's OK, nothing urgent. Thanks for letting me know, Dorit (talk) 11:40, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dorit


text:
User talk:DavidCane

The Signpost: 23 October 2023
 * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 07:00, 23 October 2023 (UTC)

Edgar Speyer
Hi DavidCane, I am currently working through the memoirs of Wilhelm Kroll, who at one point speaks of meeting "Lilli Scholderer, eine lebenslustige Frankfurterin" ('a jolly Frankfurtian') in Rome, 1892; and right after that he states that he later met her again in 1899 as the wife of a banker Speyer in England, who probably is to be identified as Edgar Speyer. Now, your article states that Speyer married Leonora von Stosch in 1902.

As far as I can see, there are three possibilities: 1) Speyer was married before 1902 to Lilli Scholderer and this marriage ended before 1902; 2) Kroll means a different banker Speyer in England, but are there any?, or 3) Kroll's memory failed him (as he wrote his memoirs more than 40 years after the fact).

I would love to get your opinion on this!

Best, Jonathan Groß (talk) 18:39, 3 November 2023 (UTC)

 * There's no indication that Edgar Speyer was married before he met Leonora. Edgar's brother James was based in America and married to Ellin Prince Speyer, so it wasn't him. If Lilli Scholderer was from Frankfurt and then married a Speyer, it is possible she married another member of the family as Frankfurt was the origin of the Speyer family and base of one of interconnected family banks. Looking at the Speyer family article, one candidate might be Alfred Julius Speyer. DavidCane (talk) 13:22, 4 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your answer. What is puzzling to me is that Kroll explicitly says "Lilli Scholderer, eine lebenslustige Frankfurterin, die ich später (1899) als Gattin des Bankiers Speyer in England' wiedersah". Is it possible he was conned?
 * Alfred isn't a good candidate as he was, according to the German Wikipedia article on his father, mentally handicapped and lived his whole life under guardianship. Jonathan Groß (talk) 17:01, 8 November 2023 (UTC)

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Outer Circle
Hello DavidCane: You are credited as the 'Author' of this image on Commons: File:The Circle Routes of Victorian London.png (although the original appears to have been posted by co:User:Voyager). I am intrigued by the line that loops from Kensington (Olympia), goes south of the river and loops back to Victoria (Overground). It is colour-keyed as part of the Outer Circle.

All the (few) textual references I can find to this line describe it as using the Underground routes and Vicoria (Underground) station. Can you throw any light on this? -- Verbarson talkedits 15:04, 7 November 2023 (UTC)

 * I did create the image. Voyager later moved it from wikipedia to wikipedia. The line south from Kensington (Olympia) is the West London line down to Clapham Junction then the line back across the river into Victoria mainline station. Starting in 1867, the Outer Circle route pre-dates the opening of the western and southern parts of the modern Circle line. It ran via Clapham Junction to Victoria from 2 January 1869 to 31 January 1872. After that it started using the newly opened District Railway's tracks to Mansion House. Dates for the various different routings are shown on the map (top right). DavidCane (talk) 18:24, 8 November 2023 (UTC)
 * That is interesting. Do you have a reference for the earlier routing? I am interested in the broader Clapham Junction area ("Battersea Tangle") but I have not come across this. Would the GWR have run Broad Gauge trains? They had BG track to Victoria, but I suppose the eastern part of the Middle Circle would have been SG. -- Verbarson talkedits 18:42, 8 November 2023 (UTC)
 * What rubbish. That's me confusing the Middle Circle (GWR) with the Outer Circle (London) (LNWR). In any case, GWR BG services to Victoria stopped in 1866.
 * However, I have noticed the brief mention in the Outer Circle article to a previous service running to Victoria overground. And I've found a description in Jackson (1969) London's Termini p.290 of the LNWR operating between Victoria (Brighton side) and Broad Street, from 1st Jan 1869 to the end of Jan 1872, after which it used the District Railway to Mansion House. It doesn't name the route. -- Verbarson talkedits 20:14, 8 November 2023 (UTC)

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ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

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TFL notification
Hi, DavidCane. I'm just posting to let you know that Grade I listed buildings in Maidstone – a list that you have been heavily involved with – has been chosen to appear on the Main Page as Today's featured list for January 29, 2024. The TFL blurb can be seen here. If you have any thoughts on the selection, please post them on my talk page or at TFL talk. Regards, Giants2008  ( Talk ) 22:53, 29 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Nice to know. That'll be my third featured list on the main page. I'll give it a review to make sure it's current. DavidCane (talk) 00:33, 30 December 2023 (UTC)

 * The changes you proposed all look fine to me and have been incorporated. Giants2008  ( Talk ) 01:19, 18 January 2024 (UTC)

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Course (1963)
Hi, DavidCane. When you created Battersea Park railway station (1860–1870) you included a reference to Course (1963). What publication is this? -- Verbarson talkedits 18:16, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Found it. (The year was one off)
 * -- Verbarson talkedits 18:36, 17 February 2024 (UTC)
 * -- Verbarson talkedits 18:36, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

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Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield scheduled for TFA
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title: User talk:DavidCane


text:
User talk:Bman

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 15:00, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Bman


text:
Phonogram Inc.

Phonogram Incorporated was started in 1970 as a successor to Philips Phonographic Industries, a unit of the Grammophon-Philips Group (GPG), a joint venture of Philips N.V. of the Netherlands and Siemens A.G. of Germany.

Phonogram was the name of a parent company that owned and or distributed many different record labels. Phonogram was never a record label as such, but a holding company for labels which included Philips, Fontana, Vertigo and Mercury and many other licensed labels.

History
In 1972 Grammophon-Philips Group was reorganized as The PolyGram Group. Following PolyGram's acquisition of Mercury in the United States, the corporate name was changed from Mercury Record Productions, Inc., to Phonogram, Inc. In the U.S. Phonogram artists were generally released on Mercury Records, but the label is independent from its U.K. counterpart. By 1982, Mercury and all other PolyGram owned labels including, RSO, Polydor, Total Experience and Casablanca carried the following wording "Manufactured And Marketed by PolyGram Records" with the PolyGram Records logo.

In the United Kingdom, Phonogram was the holding company for Philips Records, which was established in 1953 and also launched the Fontana label in 1958. As well as producing their own recordings many of which became U.K. hits, Philips/Fontana licensed the rights from Columbia Records (U.S.) to release and distribute their product from 1953 until the end of 1964. After that time, Columbia U.S. set up their own marketing and production unit in the UK in Theobalds Road, London, having acquired Oriole Records and its record-pressing plant that had prospered in manufacturing discs for U.K. budget labels including Embassy, sold through Woolworths. U.S. Columbia was unable to use the "Columbia" trademark outside the United States and Canada as it had already been copyrighted overseas by EMI. Therefore, U.S. Columbia product was released in most territories on the CBS record label.

In 1977 Frank Zappa negotiated a distribution agreement with Phonogram for his Zappa Records label. Due to legal pressure from Zappa's previous distributor Warner Bros. Records, Zappa and Phonogram were forced to shelve a planned 4-LP box set called Läther (pronounced "Leather".) Phonogram did distribute 3 Zappa albums in the US and Canada, but the agreement ended in 1980. According to Zappa, this was because a Phonogram executive objected to the lyrics of a Zappa single titled I Don't Wanna Get Drafted. Phonogram president Robert Sherwood disputed Zappa's version of the story, insisting that they did not want to release a single without the support of a full-length album.

Releases in Europe were issued by Vertigo and Philips and carried the "Marketed by Phonogram" wording with the Phonogram logo. Phonogram also licensed recordings from small U.S. record labels for European release. Among these were Avco, Sire, Janus, Westbound, All Platinum, and Chess.

De-establishment
In 1997, all PolyGram units still using the Phonogram name were renamed Mercury Records. By that time, Mercury had become PolyGram's flagship label. PolyGram continued until 1998, when the company was purchased by Seagram and merged with Universal Music Group. Philips Records UK and Phonogram UK still have their own websites at WIX.

title: Phonogram Inc.


text:
User talk:Moglen

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 15:07, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Moglen


text:
Talk:Dragan Kojadinović

Untitled
If anyone knows the university from which Kojadinovic graduated, could they let me know, or add it to the article? Thanks Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 15:07, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Oh, and did he campaign to become the mayor of Belgrade? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 15:17, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I've removed the following sentence until I can find out what it was meant to say: “ He has campaigned for the mayor of Belgrade.” Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 13:12, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

yes he did campaign for mayor. but unsuccessfully

 * Thanks, whoever you are. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 16:39, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dragan Kojadinović


text:
NASA Infrared Telescope Facility

The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (NASA IRTF) is a 3 m telescope optimized for use in infrared astronomy and located at the Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii. It was first built to support the Voyager missions and is now the US national facility for infrared astronomy, providing continued support to planetary, solar neighborhood, and deep space applications. The IRTF is operated by the University of Hawaii under a cooperative agreement with NASA. According to the IRTF's time allocation rules, at least 50% of the observing time is devoted to planetary science.

Telescope

The IRTF is a 3.0 m (118" effective aperture) classical Cassegrain telescope. The Cassegrain focus f/ratio is f/38 and the primary mirror f/ratio is 2.5. Several aspects of the design of IRTF are optimized for IR observations. The secondary mirror is undersized to prevent the instrument from seeing the thermal emission from the telescope structure around the primary mirror. The primary mirror itself is 126" in diameter, but only the center 118" is used. A small mirror in the center of the secondary mirror prevents the instrument from seeing its own thermal emission. The f/ratio is long to have a small secondary mirror, again to minimize the telescope's thermal emission. The mirror coatings are chosen to have minimal thermal emission. The emissivity of the telescope is usually below 4%. The secondary mirror is mounted on a chopping mechanism to rapidly switch the pointing of the telescope from target to sky at up to 4 Hz.

The IRTF is mounted on a large English yoke equatorial mount. The mount is very stiff, reducing flexure and allowing for accurate pointing of the telescope. Since the telescope is on an equatorial mount, the telescope can observe targets through the zenith without concern for field rotation. The yoke mount prevents the telescope from pointing north of +69 degrees declination. Since the telescope was primarily intended for planetary science, this restriction was considered to be acceptable. Since the telescope is on a heavy mounting, it is relatively immune from vibration or wind shake.

Instrumentation
The IRTF hosts four facility instruments: SpeX, NSFCam2, iSHELL, and MIRSI. IRTF also hosts a number of visiting instruments.

SpeX
SpeX is a medium-resolution 0.8-5.4 μm spectrograph built at the Institute for Astronomy (IfA), for the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea. The primary scientific driver of SpeX was to provide maximum simultaneous wavelength coverage at a spectral resolving power which is well-matched to many planetary, stellar and galactic features, and at resolving power which adequately separates sky emission lines and disperses sky continuum. This requirement has resulted in an instrument which provides spectral resolutions of R~1000-2000 across 0.8-2.4 μm, 2.0-4.1 μm, and 2.3-5.5 μm, using prism cross-dispersers (15 arcsec-long slits). Single order long slit (60 arcsec) modes are also available. A high throughput prism mode is a provided for 0.8-2.5 μm spectroscopy at R~100 for solid state features and SEDs. A Raytheon Aladdin 3 1024x1024 InSb array is used in the spectrograph. SpeX also contains an infrared slit-viewer/guider covering a 60x60arcsec field-of-view at 0.12arcsec/pixel. A Raytheon Aladdin 2 512x512 InSb array in the infrared slit-viewer. The infrared slit viewer can also be used for imaging or photometry. SpeX is used for a wide array of planetary and astrophysical research programs and is the most requested instrument on IRTF. SpeX will be taken off of the telescope for about 6 months to upgrade its arrays starting in August 2012.

iSHELL
iSHELL is a 1 - 5.3 μm high resolution cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph which uses a 2048x2048 Hawaii-2RG infrared detector array. It replaced CSHELL; by using a larger array and a cross disperser, iShell has much larger wavelength coverage per setting than did CSHELL. iShell uses a silicon immersion grating to achieve a high dispersion with a relatively small grating, which in turn allows the optics and the whole instrument to be much smaller than if it used a conventional grating. Thus, despite having much higher spectral resolution than SpeX, iShell will be slightly smaller. There will be two immersion gratings, one optimized for K band and one optimized for L band. Due to the silicon grating, iShell will not be sensitive to light shorter than 1 μm. Each pixel is 0.125" on the sky and the spectroscopic dispersion is 75,000 when used with a 0.375" slit. Five slits from 0.375" to 4.0" are available for use. iSHELL also has an IR imaging mode and IR guiding camera, which covers a 42" diameter field. As of 2019, iSHELL was the second-most heavily used instrument at IRTF (after SpeX).

MIRSI
MIRSI is a 2.2 to 25 μm thermal infrared imaging camera with grism spectrographic capability. MIRSI was built by Boston University and is now based at the IRTF. It is the only facility instrument that is cooled by liquid Helium, and the only instrument that uses the chopping mode of the secondary mirror. MIRSI has a selection of broad-band and narrow-band filters, as well as a CVF.

MORIS
MORIS (MIT Optical Rapid Imaging System) s a high-speed, visible-wavelength camera for use on IRTF using an electron multiplying CCD. MORIS is mounted on the side window of SpeX, and is fed by the internal cold dichroic in SpeX. The design is based on POETS (Portable Occultation, Eclipse, and Transit Systems), which were developed by a collaboration between MIT and Williams College. MORIS is available for open use on IRTF and its user interface has been converted to the IRTF standard interface. In addition to visible light photometry, MORIS is also used as a visible light guider for SpeX, allowing guiding on targets as faint as V=20. The guiding software includes atmospheric dispersion correction to move the visible light guide box to keep the IR image on the SpeX slit.

Visiting instruments
IRTF also hosts a number of visitor instruments, usually thermal infrared spectrographs. These have recently included TEXES, EXES, BASS, and HIPWAC. And others.

Future instruments
The IRTF staff are currently developing SPECTRE, an optical-to-infrared seeing-limited integral field unit.

Past instruments
CSHELL was retired when iSHELL began operations at IRTF. CSHELL was a 1 - 5.5 μm high resolution single-order echelle spectrograph which uses a 256 x 256 pixel InSb detector array. Each pixel was 0.2" on the sky and the spectroscopic dispersion is 100,000 per pixel. Slits from 0.5" to 4.0" provided spectral resolutions of up to 30,000.  CSHELL also had an IR imaging mode for source acquisition which covers a 30" x 30" field.  An internal CCD with a 1' FOV allows for guiding.

NSFCAM2 was a 1-5 μm camera, built at the Institute for Astronomy, (IfA), for the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). The camera used a 2048x2048 Hawaii 2RG detector array. The image scale was 0.04 arcsec/pixel and the field of view is 82x82 arcsec. It contained two filter wheels. The first was a 28 position wheel containing broad-band and narrow-band filters, and a wire-grid polarizer. The second contained a 1.5-5 μm CVF and grisms. for low-resolution spectroscopy. A third wheel, located at the F/38 telescope focal plane inside the camera, contained grism slits and field lenses. An external wheel containing a waveplate could be used with a polarizer in the CVF wheel for polarimetry. NSFCam2 was taken off of the telescope in Fall 2012 to upgrade its array to a higher quality engineering grade Hawaii 2RG array with a new array controller. As of 2019, NSFCam2 is no longer available for use at the IRTF.

Remote observing
The majority of IRTF users prefer to use IRTF remotely. Observers can use IRTF from any location with a high speed internet connection, such as their office or home, anywhere around the world. The observer controls the instrument via a VNC session, just as they would at the summit, and communicates with the telescope operator via phone, Polycom, or Skype. The observer calls in and logs in for their time allocation. Remote observing has several advantages. Remote observing spares the observer the time and cost of traveling from their home institution to Hawaii. In the past, when observers traveled to the telescope, the telescope was scheduled in full nights. With remote observing, observers only need to submit a request for the amount of time they need, when they need it, instead of asking for whole nights. Since the observers do not travel to Hawaii, they can also request to use the telescope more frequently. This has enabled the IRTF to support many programs where frequent observations of targets are necessary, such as weekly monitoring of solar system objects. Remote observing has also allowed the IRTF to support target-of-opportunity (ToO) programs. These are programs of high scientific merit where the timing of the observation cannot be predicted at the time that telescope is scheduled. Examples include supernovae, which explode unexpectedly, or near-earth asteroids that may be discovered shortly before their closest approach to the Earth. Although the observers are usually remote, the telescope operator is at the summit to ensure the safety of the facility, assist the observer, and troubleshoot problems that may arise during the night.

Observations
NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) also made observations of P/2016 BA14, which is a comet that came within about 9 lunar distances of Earth in 2016.

Comparison to contemporaries
NASA IRTF was built at the same time as the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope; John Jefferies of the Institute for Astronomy, which built the first telescope in the area, said "it has been sometimes a source of embarrassment ... that there are two of them at the same place at the same time. The natural question is asked, Why two? Why don't you build one and share it?".

Dedicated infrared telescopes require a high and dry location, special instrumentation, and similar high-quality mirrors and optics as for visible wavelength observations. Other large optical infrared and near-infrared telescopes circa 1980:

There have been two other smaller near-infrared telescopes: the 150 cm Gornergrat Infrared Telescope in the Swiss Alps, and the 160 cm telescope at the Mont Mégantic Observatory in Canada.

title: NASA Infrared Telescope Facility


text:
The Help Album

The Help Album is a 1995 charity album to raise funds for the War Child charity, which provided aid to war-stricken areas, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. All the songs were recorded in a single day. The album features British and Irish artists including Paul McCartney, Paul Weller, Radiohead, Oasis, Blur and Manic Street Preachers. It was followed by 1 Love (2002), Hope (2003), Help!: A Day in the Life (2005) and War Child Presents Heroes (2009).

Recording
The album's recording was inspired by the concept behind John Lennon's "Instant Karma!" – records, like newspapers, should be released as soon as they are recorded. Help was recorded on Monday, 4 September 1995, mixed on Tuesday 5th and was in shops on Saturday 9th. The original version release did not include any tracklist attached to the sleeve notes; the tracklisting was instead printed as a full page ad in New Musical Express. Notable tracks include:

 * A version of The Beatles' song "Come Together", by new supergroup the Smokin' Mojo Filters: Paul McCartney, Paul Weller, Noel Gallagher, Steve Cradock, Steve White, and Carleen Anderson.
 * A cover of "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", which marked Manic Street Preachers' return to recording after the disappearance of Richey Edwards.
 * The first appearance of the Radiohead song "Lucky", later included on the 1997 album OK Computer.
 * Suede's cover of Elvis Costello's "Shipbuilding".
 * The first new recording from Bill Drummond and Jimmy Cauty (better known as The KLF, but performing here as 'One World Orchestra') in over 2 years, "The Magnificent": a drum and bass version of the theme tune from the film The Magnificent Seven, with vocal samples from DJ Fleka of Serbian radio station B92.
 * A version of Bobbie Gentry's "Ode to Billie Joe" by Sinéad O'Connor. As the makers of the album were putting the final touches to the album, a courier arrived with a tape of O'Connor's contribution. In theory, the song had arrived too late for inclusion in the album, but the producers were so impressed with her haunting rendition that they felt they had to include the song.
 * An early appearance by Kate Moss with her then boyfriend Johnny Depp on the Oasis contribution, "Fade Away".
 * A re-recording of "Love Spreads" by The Stone Roses; this is the only studio recording by the band that features drummer Robbie Maddix and keyboard player Nigel Ippinson.

The album's sleeve notes included a contribution from former Nirvana bassist Krist Novoselic, as well as artwork by John Squire and Massive Attack's 3-D. It reached number one on the UK albums compilation charts, and would have reached number one on the UK albums chart had the UK chart compilers not refused to accept it as a single artist album (Go! Discs had attempted to get around the chart restriction on various artists albums by declaring that all contributors were members of a one-off supergroup called War Child). In his book A Year with Swollen Appendices, Brian Eno writes bitterly about this decision, claiming that it cost the charity thousands of pounds in lost sales. Nevertheless, the album raised more than £1.25 million for War Child.

Track listing
The full track listing is not given in the booklet as it was not known at the time of printing.
 * 1) Oasis and Friends – "Fade Away" – 4:11
 * 2) The Boo Radleys – "Oh Brother" – 3:42
 * 3) The Stone Roses – "Love Spreads" – 3:46
 * 4) Radiohead – "Lucky" – 4:20
 * 5) Orbital – "Adnan" – 3:42
 * 6) Portishead – "Mourning Air" – 3:46
 * 7) Massive Attack – "Fake the Aroma" (alternate version of "Karmacoma") – 3:25
 * 8) Suede – "Shipbuilding" – 3:13
 * 9) The Charlatans vs. The Chemical Brothers – "Time For Livin – 4:12
 * 10) Stereo MCs – "Sweetest Truth (Show No Fear)" – 5:00
 * 11) Sinéad O'Connor – "Ode to Billie Joe" – 4:59
 * 12) The Levellers – "Searchlights" – 3:51
 * 13) Manic Street Preachers – "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" – 2:57
 * 14) Terrorvision – "Tom Petty Loves Veruca Salt" – 3:01
 * 15) The One World Orchestra featuring The Massed Pipes and Drums of the Children's Free Revolutionary Volunteer Guards (aka The KLF) – "The Magnificent" – 2:15
 * 16) Planet 4 Folk Quartet (aka Andrew Weatherall and David Harrow)  – "Message to Crommie" – 3:48
 * 17) Terry Hall and Salad – "Dream a Little Dream of Me" – 3:27
 * 18) Neneh Cherry and Trout – "1, 2, 3, 4, 5 " – 4:13
 * 19) Blur – "Eine kleine Lift Musik" – 4:17
 * 20) The Smokin' Mojo Filters – "Come Together" – 3:32

The Help EP
An abbreviated Help EP was released in conjunction with the Help album. It charted at number 51 after BBC Radio 1 chose not to play it.

 * 1) Radiohead – "Lucky" – 4:20
 * 2) PJ Harvey – "50ft Queenie (Live)" – 2:51
 * 3) Guru – "Momentum (Guru's Jazzmatazz)" – 3:04
 * 4) Portishead – "Untitled" – 2:01

"Come Together" single
The Smokin' Mojo Filters' version of "Come Together" was released as a single, reaching number 19 on the UK Singles Chart. Like the Help EP, it featured a variety of artists.
 * 1) The Smokin' Mojo Filters – "Come Together" – 3:32
 * 2) The Beautiful South – "A Minute's Silence" – 3:06
 * 3) Dodgy – "Is It Me" – 3:29
 * 4) Black Grape – "In the Name of the Father (Crown of Thorns Mix)" – 4:31

title: The Help Album


text:
Talk:USS Vella Gulf (CG-72)

This article is really too US centric and US glorifying to be considered NPOV... while the Ticonderogas are awesome ships, they should be described more objectively.

europrobe 15:14, 2005 Feb 20 (UTC)

Good eye. Edited to fix this.

--Callooh 20:07, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

yea so eveything has weaknesses but why TELL people about them

Cleaned up
Cleaned up the article, rearranged some paragraphs about the history of the name, also removed information found in the infobox and in the article about the AEGIS system. Don't think that the article was to biased towards the US, only extremely detailed in regards as to the ships capabilities and operational history. Bjelleklang 12:11, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

Deployment 2007
I'm not an author, but the ship departed Norfolk, VA on 5 January 2007 on a scheduled 6 month deployment with the Bataan Expeditionary Strike Group (BATESG) and returned 3 July 2007. It had port visits in Agadir, Morocco, Manama, Bahrain and Gaeta, Italy. It participated in multi-national exercises including AMAN '07 (Pakistan) and supported the French Aircraft Carrier Charles De Gaul and USS John C. Stennis conducting operations in the Northern Arabian Sea in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan). Small news article on homecoming of the Expeditionary Strike Group can be found at. For reference to AMAN 2007, see. From what I've been able to find on the internet, it would be an original work.--Asacan 13:41, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

Okay, I gave it a try myself. Previously, I just lent a hand with editing. I hope there aren't any problems with it.--Asacan 15:01, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:USS Vella Gulf (CG-72)


text:
Talk:Halstead

[Untitled]
Halstead is also the name of a complexity measure: http://www.sei.cmu.edu/str/descriptions/halstead_body.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.166.183.175 (talk • contribs) 15:20, 20 February 2005

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150620135130/http://www.essexgourmet.co.uk/essex_bakers_patisseries/essex_bakers_patisseries.php?bId=MjEw to http://www.essexgourmet.co.uk/essex_bakers_patisseries/essex_bakers_patisseries.php?bId=MjEw
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100203133206/http://www.halsteadonline.co.uk/index2.htm to http://www.halsteadonline.co.uk/index2.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080228192055/http://www.vvtv.co.uk/ to http://www.vvtv.co.uk/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110708041329/http://halsteadresidentsassociation.blogspot.com/ to http://halsteadresidentsassociation.blogspot.com/

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External links modified
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Title of page needs to be updated from 'Halstead' to 'Halstead, Essex'
Title of this page needs to be updated to 'Halstead, Essex'. Facebook uses this page to show where Halstead is as a location, and as it's an ambiguous non specific name sometimes it shows Halstead in Kent (depending on device, location of device, etc.) If the page title becomes 'Halstead, Essex' this will stop happening. 2A00:23C6:6A00:D501:62BF:86B:343D:C8B9 (talk) 11:43, 6 December 2022 (UTC)

There is a page named “Halstead, Kent”. Since Halstead in Essex is 10 times the size, it would appear to be the correct one to have an unqualified name. So it is unambiguous. Therefore, the issue appears to be a Facebook problem rather than a Wikipedia problem. Humphrey Tribble (talk) 05:23, 7 February 2023 (UTC)

PS: your suggestion prompted me to look at the articles,. The article about Halstead, Essex mentions Broaks Wood. I suspect this is an error and should read Brooks Wood. However, I think it should be confirmed, and the edit done by someone in the area rather than changed by me on the basis of a map. Humphrey Tribble (talk) 05:53, 7 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Halstead


text:
User:Damicatz

My placeholder page

title: User:Damicatz


text:
David Gergen

David Richmond Gergen (born May 9, 1942) is an American political commentator and former presidential adviser who served during the administrations of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton. He is currently a senior political analyst for CNN and a professor of public service and the founding director of the Center for Public Leadership at the Harvard Kennedy School. Gergen is also the former editor at large of U.S. News & World Report and a contributor to CNN.com and Parade Magazine. He has twice been a member of election coverage teams that won Peabody awards—in 1988 with MacNeil–Lehrer, and in 2008 with CNN.

Gergen joined the Nixon White House in 1971, as a staff assistant on the speech-writing team, becoming director of speechwriting two years later. He served as director of communications for both Ford and Reagan, and as a senior adviser to Clinton and Secretary of State Warren Christopher. He graduated with honors from Yale and Harvard Law School, and has been awarded 27 honorary degrees.

Early life
David Gergen was born in Durham, North Carolina, to John Jay Gergen, the chairman of the mathematics department at Duke University from 1937 to 1966, and Aubigne Munger (née Lermond). He is the youngest of four children, and one of his brothers, Kenneth J. Gergen, is a psychologist and professor at Swarthmore College. One of his other brothers was Stephen L. Gergen.

Education
Gergen was educated at Durham High School, a former public high school in his hometown of Durham, North Carolina, where he edited the school newspaper, Hi-Rocket. After high school graduation, he went to Yale University, from which he earned his B.A. degree in American studies in 1963, and was a member of the Manuscript Society. At Yale, he was managing editor of the Yale Daily News, whose staff at the time included future senator Joe Lieberman, Stephen Bingham, Robert G. Kaiser, and Paul Steiger. Gergen received his LL.B. degree from Harvard Law School in 1967 and married Anne Elizabeth Gergen, a native of London, England, the same year.

Life and career
For three summers, Gergen was an intern in the office of North Carolina Governor Terry Sanford, where he became deeply involved in civil rights efforts. Gergen has called this work his “most satisfying experience in public service.” He served in the U.S. Navy for three-and-a-half years and was stationed on a ship home-ported in Japan. Gergen writes in his book of his time as a damage control officer on a repair ship, USS Ajax: “Learning to control damage, it turned out, was the best possible preparation for my coming years in the White House”.

Political activity
Gergen began his political career in 1971 when he went to work for Richard Nixon as a staff assistant in the speech-writing office headed by Ray Price—a group that included Pat Buchanan, Ben Stein, and William Safire. Two years later, he rose to director of speechwriting.

In 1974 Gergen took a brief hiatus from the White House to write speeches for Treasury Secretary William E. Simon. Gergen writes in his book, "For me it was a great trade—the Treasury team taught me all about free markets and fiscal discipline." Gergen returned to the White House in 1975 as director of communications for President Gerald Ford. In 1980, Gergen was an adviser to the George H. W. Bush presidential campaign and went on to join the Reagan White House in 1981. Beginning as a staff director, he eventually became director of communications. In 1993 Gergen returned to the White House, serving as counselor to President Bill Clinton and Secretary of State Warren Christopher.

Journalism
Currently, Gergen is a senior political analyst for CNN and often appears on Anderson Cooper 360 and Erin Burnett OutFront.

Following his years in public service, Gergen worked as a political journalist, commentator, and editor. After leaving the White House in 1977, he worked as a freelance writer and, in 1978, as the first managing editor of Public Opinion, a magazine published by the American Enterprise Institute. From 1985 to 1986, he worked as an editor at U.S. News & World Report, where he became editor at large following his service in the Clinton administration. There, he worked with publisher Mort Zuckerman to achieve record gains in circulation and advertising.

Gergen's career in television began in 1985, when he joined the MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour for Friday night discussions of politics, where he remained a regular commentator for five years.

Currently, in addition to CNN, he has been a frequent guest on NPR and CBS’ Face the Nation. He has written for Parade Magazine and has been published in an array of other publications including The New York Times and Newsweek.

Twice he has been a member of election coverage teams that won Peabody awards in 1988 with MacNeil/Lehrer Newshour, and in 2008 with CNN.

Academia
Gergen taught at Duke University from 1995 to 1999 and then joined the Harvard University faculty in 1999. He is currently a professor of public service at the Harvard Kennedy School, where he teaches courses on leadership, public service, and U.S. politics. During election years, he co-teaches a course called Contemporary Issues in American Elections with Elaine Kamarck. In January 2014 he taught a Harvard short-term course in New York City titled "Leadership for a Livable City."

At Harvard Kennedy School, he served as the co-director of the Kennedy School Center for Public Leadership, which seeks to enhance leadership teaching and research. The Center helps to provide scholarships to 100 fellows a year, preparing them to serve as leaders for the common good.

Gergen served as the inaugural Isabella Cannon Distinguished Visiting Professor of Leadership at Elon University and was a fellow at Harvard University's Institute of Politics in 1984.

Books
Gergen is the author of the New York Times bestseller book Eyewitness to Power: The Essence of Leadership, Nixon to Clinton, published in 2000. The book recounts his time in the Nixon, Ford, Reagan, and Clinton administrations. Gergen argues that, as the 21st century begins, the success of the United States as a country will depend heavily upon the success of a new generation in power. Drawing upon his many experiences in the White House, he offers seven vital elements that future leaders must possess: inner mastery; a central, compelling purpose rooted in moral values; a capacity to persuade; an ability to work within the system; a sure, quick start; strong, prudent advisers; and a passion that inspires others to carry on the mission. In 2022, Gergen was working on a new book about renewing America's political culture. His 2nd book, Hearts Touched with Fire: How Great Leaders are Made, was published in May 2022.

Personal life
Gergen has been married since 1967 to Anne Elizabeth Gergen, who is a family therapist. They live in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and have two children and five grandchildren. Their son, Christopher, is a social entrepreneur in North Carolina as well as an author and a member of the Duke University faculty. Their daughter, Katherine, is a family doctor, working with the underserved population at the Boston Medical Center.

Awards and memberships
Gergen has been active on many non-profit boards, and has served on the boards of Yale and Duke Universities. Among his current boards are Teach for America, City Year, Schwab Foundation, the Aspen Institute and the advisory board for the Harvard Graduate School of Education. He also chairs the advisory board for the new School of Law at Elon University. He is a member of the D.C. Bar, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the North American executive committee for the Trilateral Commission. Gergen has been awarded 27 honorary degrees.

Recent non-profit boards
Gergen is a member of the following non-profit boards:

 * Aspen Institute
 * Boston Museum Project
 * Center for Global Development
 * Center for the Study of the Presidency
 * City Year
 * The Mission Continues
 * The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy
 * Morehouse College Leadership Institute
 * Schwab Foundation for Social Enterprise,
 * World Economic Forum
 * Teach for America
 * World Resources Institute
 * Yale Corporation (former)

Advisory roles
He also serves as an advisor to the following groups:

 * Chair, National Advisory Board, Elon University School of Law
 * Co-Chair, Inclusive America Project, Aspen Institute
 * Member, Advisory Board, Harvard Graduate School of Education
 * Member, North American Executive Committee, Trilateral Commission
 * Former Chair, National Selection Committee for Innovations in American Government
 * Former Co-chair, National Selection Committee, Top American Leaders (co-sponsored by The Washington Post and Center for Public Leadership)
 * Former Chair, Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery Peck Presidential Awards (for service to the U.S. presidency)
 * Member, Selection committees for Fast Companys Social Capitalist Awards (best social entrepreneurs, U.S.)
 * Judge, Civic Venture Purpose Prize Awards (citizens over 60 creating social change)
 * Judge, Gleitsman Awards

title: David Gergen


text:
Tokyo Woman's Christian University

Tokyo Woman's Christian University (東京女子大学), often abbreviated to TWCU or Tonjo (東女), is an independent Protestant university in Tokyo, Japan.

Founding
TWCU was established by Nitobe Inazō (1862–1933), an author, diplomat and educator, who was appointed as the first president in 1918. The first classes were held in Tsunohazu. In the 1880s, while Nitobe was a student at Johns Hopkins University in the United States, he became a member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). The Quaker philosophy gave him a strong faith that Japanese women should be provided educational opportunities. Together with A.K. Reischauer (father of Edwin O. Reischauer) and Tetsu Yasui, he was dedicated to the foundation of Tokyo Woman's Christian University.

Campus
The original TWCU campus in Iogi-mura, Toyotama-gun, to which the university moved in 1924, was built in the 1920s and is very significant architecturally. It was designed by Antonin Raymond who came to Tokyo with Frank Lloyd Wright to build the famous Imperial Hotel. The university includes seven registered tangible cultural properties, including the main building. In addition to TWCU's beautiful garden, the campus includes open spaces and a small forest behind the main building. In the forest, there are various plants such as plum trees, cherry trees, dogwood trees and tall pine trees, as well as raccoon dogs and many crows. Although the campus is in an urban area, it is unusually green and spacious.

The Nitobe Memorial Room is in the main building. It contains documents and photographs to explain the history and the philosophy of the university. The chapel has colorful stained glass and a pipe organ. In the morning, there is worship every day. The auditorium is used for the entrance ceremony, the university festival and the graduation ceremony. The Reischauer House, in which Dr. A.K. Reischauer lived with his family, is a registered tangible cultural property. It is built in western style architecture and has a romantic atmosphere. Building No. 23 is the most recent building and was completed in 2009. It is the tallest building in the campus. There is a wooden deck and terraces in the building and on a clear day, Mount Fuji and Tokyo Tower are visible from the top floor.

Academics
TWCU has one faculty divided into twelve departments in which undergraduates can major. The biggest department was the Department of Literature and Culture in English. This department enrolls approximately 640 students. The smallest is the Department of Philosophy which has about 160 students. In 2018, the departments of the university will undergo restructuring.

Department of International English
 * Department of International English (the Department of Literature and Culture in English and the Department of Language Science will merge into the new Department of International English)

Department of Humanities
 * Department of Philosophy
 * Department of Japanese Literature
 * Department of History and Culture (formerly the Department of History)

Department of International Society
 * Department of International Relations
 * Department of Economics
 * Department of Sociology
 * Department of Community Planning (newly established department)

Department of Psychology and Communication
 * Department of Psychology
 * Department of Communication

Department of Mathematical Science
 * Department of Mathematics
 * Department of Information Sciences

TWCU provides a strong liberal arts education leading to a bachelor's degree. Students can make a curriculum from various fields, not only from their own major.

Master's degree programs and doctoral degree programs are offered in the Graduate School.

Notable Alumnae
TWCU is ranked as one of the top women's universities in Japan. Among the famous students and graduates of TWCU are

 * Marie Kondo (consultant, author)
 * Sawako Ariyoshi (writer)
 * Hanae Mori (fashion designer)
 * Jakucho Setouchi (writer)
 * Mikako Tabe (actress)
 * Ichiko Ima (manga artist)

International exchanges
The university maintains connections and exchanges with other highly selective universities around the world.
 * Australia: University of Wollongong, Australian Catholic University, Flinders University
 * China - Shanghai University of Foreign Studies
 * Korea - Ewha Womans University, Sungshin University
 * USA - St. Michael's College, Scripps College, California State University, Presbyterian College, Otterbein University
 * Canada - McGill University, Algoma University, University of the Fraser Valley
 * UK - Lancaster University, Middlesex University, The University of Edinburgh, The University of Leeds, The University of York
 * Ireland - Dublin City University
 * Spain - Alcalingua, Universidad de Alcalá
 * France - Université Catholique de L'Ouest

English education
Tokyo Woman's Christian University provides a very high standard of English-language education. It offers a “Career English Program” where students take content courses conducted entirely in English and develop high-level critical thinking, debate, writing, speaking, and presentation skills.

In addition, weekly English conversation classes are offered at the Career English Island (CEI) with English instructors and students from other universities. Any university member is eligible to participate.

Tokyo Woman's Christian University is also one of the regular hosts of the International Theater Company London which comes from London to perform Shakespearean plays in English, directed by MBE Paul Stebbings and brought to Japan by Paula Berwanger. Past performances include A Midsummer Night's Dream, Romeo and Juliet and Twelfth Night. The 2020 performance of Othello was cancelled due to Covid-19.

Campus festival
Every year the university festival, called "VERA Festival," is held on campus in November. "VERA" comes from the Latin "QUAECUNQUE SUNT VERA." This phrase is engraved on Tokyo Woman's Christian University's main building. It comes from Paul’s famous letter to the Philippians 4:8:

Whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is commendable, if there is any excellence, if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things.

The VERA festival has a variety of performances by university clubs and many people visit.

University symbol
The university symbol was designed in 1918 by President Dr. Inazo Nitobe. The symbol has two linked “S's" which represent “service and sacrifice” and he took the initial letters of “service and sacrifice” and produced this mark expressing the Christian ethos. He taught that “service and sacrifice,” helping other people, is the best idea to represent the spirit of Christianity. This symbol appears on many kinds of things including stationery sold in the TWCU book store.

University song
During its history TWCU has had two university songs. The first song was composed by Kosaku Yamada. The second song for TWCU was composed by the English poet Edmund Blunden in 1950. The fourth president, Isao Saito, asked Blunden, who was a professor at TWCU and the University of Tokyo, to compose a new university song. This song is based on an old English hymn and is sung in Japanese at the graduation ceremony each year.

title: Tokyo Woman's Christian University


text:
Talk:Lalita Sahasranama

Article Title
It's called LALITA Sahasranama. I know, Lalitha is pretty common on the internet... Writing 'th' for 't' just seems to be a VERY popular mistake among Indians. (One other example of this: anantha, instead of ananta ('un-ending'): 66.000 hits...)

 * Well, actually its a common mistake among southern Indians, not northerners. I should know, my (southern) name contains a mistaken 'th' as well (I blame my parents). Anyway, I propose a rename to Lalita. Imc 21:55, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I am indeed from South India, so maybe I'm simply biased, but I seem to prefer the Lalitha spelling over Lalita, in order to emphasize that it is a soft 't' and not a hard one (i.e not the 't' in Tomato, but more like the 't' in "the"). Anyway, I suppose it is simply a matter of opinion and of little consequence if you know the proper pronunciation. Adityan 03:21, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Please don't add entire Lalitha Sahasranamam text
This is a wikipedia article not a book. If some editor has original full text and translations he is free to use wikisource. Thanks rams81 (talk) 15:59, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Deleted the 1000 names & meanings. Pls refrain from adding the 1000 names here. This is not a book. It is a wikipedia rams81 (talk) 14:23, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

Copy Edit Notes
I edited this article as much as I could with eliminating content. Corrected spelling, grammar etc. Montykillies (talk) 18:01, 27 March 2013 (UTC)

Montykillies (talk) 18:01, 27 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lalita Sahasranama


text:
Category:Operation Neptune

This category is for articles relating to Operation Neptune, the initial phase of the invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord).

title: Category:Operation Neptune


text:
User talk:Ptylersmith

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Ptylersmith