text:
Talk:Andrew Wilkie

First discussion section
Could the anonymous author of various edits (a) get themselves a login and (b) follow Wikipedia policy (eg no weasel words, neutral point of view)? m.e. 09:12, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * M.E, I fail to see what your objection to my edit is. Exactly what information Wilkie was privy too IS classified. And the accuracy of his book has been called into question (read Andrew Bolt if you dont believe me).

 * Hell, even a poll on the Australian Green's website showed a substanial majority doesn't believe Wilkie. http://www.greens.org.au/wilkie

 * And M.E last time I checked, it was not complusory to get a login.

 * No, But it gives you more credibility if you want to do edits that are going to be contested for one reason or another.

 * The claim that the information in Wilkie's book is classifed seems extremely unlikley. If so, why hasn't he been arrested for revealing classified information? Wilkie and his publishers would have had a team of lawyers and experts go over the book before publication to make sure that no classified information was contained therein.

 * Quoting Bolt as a source of criticism is highly dubious as you have provided no specific details. Bolts' credibilty is unlike Wiklie's, highly comprimised. e.g. Festering Andrew Bolt contagion exposed

 * Bolt, I think unlike Wilkie, has been the subject of Federal Police investigations regarding leaked classified information.

 * The "poll" on the Greens web site is not valid evidence as it is completely unscientific and it is in no way possible to extropolate those results as valid across the population. --Wm 05:55, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I am not saying that Wilkie's book contained classified material. I'm saying that what information Wilkie was privy too when he was an Analyst is classified.

 * Nor am I saying that Bolt and/or the poll mean that Wilkie is lieing. They merely mean that some people dont believe him. The way the article is written at present, all of Wilkie's claims are accepted as fact. The only source of these claims is of course Wilkie himself. --203.17.44.84 08:21, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow, really? Andrew Bolt is not quote worthy in the least.  He is embroiled in more controversy then anyone he cares to attack.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alreadyinuse123 (talk • contribs) 08:28, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

NPOV issues
This article is currently stating all of Wilkie's claims as facts. His motives are also stated as facts.

The two links under "See Also" are unrelated to Wilkie himself and just seem to be links to entries with NPOV issues written from a similar viewpoint.

The paragraph heading "2003: private dilemma" is not suitable as the paragraph contains the phrase "Wilkie gave extensive television interviews and accepted numerous offers of public speaking engagements" - hardly a private dilemma.

The Australian Government's statements about Wilkie's claims are not quoted.

In fact the word "claim" is used only once (correctly) to describe the use of the intelligence by the Australian, British and U.S. governments to justify the war on Iraq.

A previous edit stating that the accuracy of Wilkie's book, Axis of deceit, had been questioned has been deleted (reason given was "remove POV edit" by m.e.).

--Motleyfool 23:10, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

I'm reading his book and I cannot see any classified information, although a good knowledge of Iraq and the region. As per July 2006 all the facts he exposes are true, have become reallity and if people choose not to believe hard evidences then they may choose not to believe that the Earth is round.

Military rank
The article incorrectly states that Wilkie rose to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He only rose to the rank of Major. --Roisterer 17:50, 26 May 2006 (UTC)
 * In the prologue of his book (google link) he states he was a lieutenant colonel, so in the absence of other references, I've provided a cite to his book and let the sentence stand as is. Donama (talk) 05:19, 25 August 2010 (UTC)

Liberal Party and Greens membership
The article contains the line "he became a member of the Liberal Party. Wilkie has reportedly since let his membership lapse", while later noting that he stood for the seat of Bennelong as a Greens candidate. I'm not au fait with the Greens electoral regulations but I can confidently state the following: Therefore I would say that Wilkie has almost certainly let his membership lapse. --Roisterer 17:50, 26 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Most political parties require you to be a member to stand as a candidate; and
 * Most parties (presumably including the Greens) require you not to be member of any other political party.

 * Wilkie's membership of the Liberal party lapsed quite some time ago, well before he joined the Greens. I don't have a reference for this however Peter C Talk! 00:42, 27 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I have tweaked the sentence about his lapse of membership to clarify this. Donama (talk) 05:06, 25 August 2010 (UTC)

Motivations for supporting Labor
The assertion that Wilkie supported Labor in exchange for $340 million for a hospital is highly questionable. The reported promise in relation to hospital funding was $340 million offered by Labor and $1 billion offered by the Coalition. (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/wilkie-rejects-abbotts-hospital-offer-of-1bn/story-fn59niix-1225913517932) Suggesting that Wilkie was basing his decision on pork barreling is patently wrong. I am not trying to portray Wilkie as a saint, but let us not slander him either. Owen :-P 12:50, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

 * One would have to wonder at the motivations of someone who does arbtratry edits without taking part in the relevant discussion. Owen 12:55, 30 September 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Djapa84 (talk • contribs)

 * Donama, we have a discussion page here. If you really want a discussion then please use it. If Abbott's offer of one billion is not relevant to the discussion then nor is Gillard's 340 million. You did follow your reference's omission of the full story, but from my quick google of [wilkie hospital funding] you must have looked hard to find a reference which gave only that half of the story. Admit it Wilkie's response to Abbott and Gillard's offers was clearly more reasoned and principled than your allegation that he did it for his local hospital alone is intended to make it look. If you want to include one part of the story then put the rest in too. Most of the population of Australia are currently wondering how Wilkie is going to shape up as a politician, I certainly do not know if he is going to be any good or not, but this situation has at least shown that he is concerned about more than whether he is going to get re-elected next time as your assertions suggest. If you want to stick with ABC references you could go with http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/03/3001227.htm "Mr Wilkie said he believed Labor would better be able to offer a stable, competent and ethical government." Personally I am not too sure Labor's ethical credentials are unblemished, but on a relative basis Wilkie might be right. Owen 14:34, 1 October 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Djapa84 (talk • contribs)      Djapa Owen 08:39, 2 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Fair enough, Djapa. I'm not insisting on my interpretation here. Just wanted to stimulate proper reasoning on what to include. I'm happy to include more information on the basis of your rationale, but still think it needs rewriting to be more encyclopaedic. Later, when I have more time to spare... Donama (talk) 11:31, 4 October 2010 (UTC)

 * ... relativistic...? Oook. Anywho, "Most of the population of Australia are currently wondering how Wilkie is going to shape up as a politician" - are you kidding? Most of the population does not care about nor pay any attention to politics. Timeshift (talk) 22:34, 1 October 2010 (UTC)

 * OK, relative basis then. And thanks for the nihilist apathetic viewpoint timeshift. If you do not care why say anything? I refuse to beleive the australian myth of an ignorant silent majority who care about nothing beyond the rim of their beer glass. No one I know fits that stereotype.    Djapa Owen 08:39, 2 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Ah yes, those you associate with don't fit the stereotype you don't like. How surprising that is :) Timeshift (talk) 11:07, 2 October 2010 (UTC)

 * That is right, I am basing my opinion on those that I met in 10 years of taxi driving, as well as truck driving, bus driving teaching at TAFE and Uni and ten years of Defence and stores/warehouse work, and all up 30 years in the workforce. I appologise for my limited sample size, but what can you do? I am only human. I am sorry if I do not fit your idea that I am a latte sippintg intelectual but I cannot help that.   Djapa Owen 23:58, 2 October 2010 (UTC)  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Djapa84 (talk • contribs)

 * Indeed. Timeshift (talk) 00:31, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

 * And another Coalition supporter tries to edit out the truth.    Djapa Owen 12:01, 3 October 2010 (UTC)  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Djapa84 (talk • contribs)

 * Try reading my user page. Could I be any more anti-Coalition/Liberal? Timeshift (talk) 21:36, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

 * My previous comment was not aimed at you Timeshift, and I withdraw it having looked at barrylb's home page - I was just frustrated by having my input removed constantly, particulary when it is done without discussion. I feel that it is relevant, and it is only one sentance. I cannot understand why people want to perpetuate the tabloid media line that the Colalition are innocent of pork barrelling in this. I am not trying to push the barrow for Labor, they are not my party.   Djapa Owen 11:53, 4 October 2010 (UTC)  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Djapa84 (talk • contribs)

R. Wilkie
Wilkie is recorded in Hansard votes as being "R. Wilkie", although he is listed in the members' list as "Andrew Damien Wilkie". Does anyone have any idea why? Most curious. --Mkativerata (talk) 18:50, 20 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Link? The latest Hansard at shows "Mr Wilkie" and I can't see any reference to R. Wilkie at the documents off http://www.aph.gov.au/house/info/votes/. Barrylb (talk) 01:51, 21 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Have a look at the record of the division on page 106 of this PDF. It's like that in all divisions. --Mkativerata (talk) 02:07, 22 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks I would say this is just a mistake. Barrylb (talk) 14:19, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

Concerns

 * Cleaned up these comments into one section. bou·le·var·dier (talk) 07:11, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

The Gunns Pulp mill has know been granted the go-ahead by the Federal Government. If you want to state he is against it, you must state it had been allowed. What are you his PR Guy?

Andrew Wilkie has made no secret of his early cadet year  s, when he accumulated about 250 punishments - 175 of them on consecutive days. This is fact. Why is the moderater deleting this? You cannot leave out what you don't like. I will continually update this until I am gave a reason.(Rugby8614 (talk) 07:00, 14 April 2011 (UTC)).

 * We have very strict rules on biographies of living persons. In the pulp mill case, the fact that it has been "allowed" is not relevant to a biography of Wilkie, since his opposition is not based on the fact that it was approved - it would become relevant if his policy somehow changed after approval, or something along those lines. In the punishment case, two things. Firstly we generally look for secondary sources - quotes from his own book are thought not to be reliable. Secondly (and more importantly), I don't find the passage you want to add particularly relevant - the punishments were not notable in and of themselves, and the only source we have for the collective number of punishments being some sort of record is his own book. I'd be more open to movement on this passage than on the pulp mill one, however. bou·le·var·dier (talk) 07:17, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

I am raising issues and you are choosing not to respond to me. I will take this all the way to the top at wikipedia. I have nothing to hide from. I am an everyday person that has no problem revealing my identity.Respond and explain to my issues or this war will go on for a long time. I can make 100 accounts (Rugby8614 (talk) 07:15, 14 April 2011 (UTC)).
 * Taking no stance one way or the other on the issue in question, threatening to create sockpuppet accounts does not help your credibility. You will get much farther stating your case in a calm and dispassionate manner.  Sea photo Talk  07:23, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

Duntroon allegation
Donama's rewrite makes me feel much better about how this is presented, but I'm a bit nervous about the accusation as a whole, and I'm wondering if we want to run with it now, or if we would be better off waiting a couple of days. My concern is that the article which broke the story is relying on a single accuser, no collaborative evidence, and the journalist who broke the story is apparently related to the accuser. It all makes me very uncomfortable about this particular allegation. - Bilby (talk) 08:08, 15 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I think this is important, Bilby. Maybe we should wait and see, but I do think this should be included in the article. Look at Sophie Mirabella. Look at the 'controversy' there. Jarrodaus11 (talk) 09:00, 15 April 2011 (UTC)

Writing in a Narrative style / Leaving the Scope of the Article
The Pokies section is starting to become a problem.

User:Timeshift9 is writing the Pokies section in a style that's narrative, i.e., as something comes s/he adds a new sentence to the existing text in the section. This creates a situation where the text flows chronologically rather than being topical (i.e., every paragraph with a topic sentence and then each sentence relating solely to that topic). This creates paragraphs that are hard to read, such as Nick_Xenophon where I note that Timeshift9 has added the same content, without the benefit of any editing.

We're also starting to put too much weight on the pokies section. That section is now the bulkiest section at the moment and we're leaving the scope of the article. The latest edit by User:Timeshift9 (diff) added points on:
 * The Green's approach to the pokies issue;
 * Clubs Australia amassing funds for electioneering on the issue.

...neither relate close enough to Andrew Wilkie.

The main point here is that we're starting to become a little sidetracked. I'm posting this to WP:AUS and WP:POLITICS for their input. ˜danjel [ talk | contribs ] 02:35, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Perhaps what we need is an article dedicated to this... thoughts? Timeshift (talk) 02:54, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I can't recall: has Wilkie introduced a bill to parliament? Because if so, that seems to be the best subject for an article here. The UK and the US routinely have articles on individual bills, especially ones attracting as much attention as the pokies issue is. Frickeg (talk) 03:40, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I'd support a new article. I wonder if there's a decent article somewhere that we can use as a template (at least for things like section headings and so forth). ˜danjel [ talk | contribs ] 05:21, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I have also been beginning to think that the Pokies/Manditory Precommitment part of the Wilkie article has been outgrowing its relevance here. It is a significant issue and is probably well worth transferring to a separate article which would allow for more detailed information without people being able to delete arguments they don't like based on the issue not being relevant to the article they are posted in.   Djapa Owen 15:01, 16 June 2012 (UTC)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Djapa84 (talk • contribs)

Has anything been done about moving the pokies section to a new article? Can the NPOV flag on that section still be justified?   Djapa Owen (talk) 13:09, 25 September 2012 (UTC)

Protection required
Someone is deleting large sections of this page without any discussion or regard for the processes used in the wikipedia community. This page needs protection until they stop this vandalism.
 * Done. Nick-D (talk) 08:36, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Please drop the confrontational attitude: it's pointless, and will lead you to being blocked from editing if it continues. Nick-D (talk) 03:58, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

OK then, sorry Nick-D but can you see the point that I am making.

Policies section pre-commitment paragraph is very biased.
Hi there,

This page seems to have been locked to editors. I have recently been reverting edits and seem to have been locked out from doing so for no apparent reason.

I have been fiercly trying to remove 3 sentances from the Pre-Commitment (Policies) paragraph and every time i seem to do this, a person has reverted my edits. I was removing 3 sentances due to the irrelevant, biased and outdated nature of them before I was rudely locked out from doing so.

The following 3 sentances should be removed for the following 3 reasons:

Sentences:

(1) In exchange for Wilkie's support, the Labor government are legislating for mandatory "pre-commitment" technology which would require persons using high-bet machines to pre-commit how much they are willing to bet on a machine before they begin play,[31] as well as introducing $1 maximum bet per spin machines which would not require pre-commitment, which Wilkie argues would be safer.

(2) The Abbott Coalition opposes the plans, with Abbott saying "it is not Liberal Party policy" and it will be "expensive and ineffective".

(3) According to polling, the Labor government's plans are supported by a clear majority of voters across the spectrum.

Reasoning

(1) The labour government did not follow thru on their commitment, see (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-21/wilkie-withdraws-support-over-broken-pokies-deal/3786040) consequently wilkie withdrew his support for the labour government.

(2) Irrelevant

(3) Irrelevant - this is biased text glorifying the labour government and has nothing to do with Wilkie or his policies.

Can someone please revert my edits. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Itsjustme007 (talk • contribs) 03:28, 16 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I undid your edits because you were not editing, you were repeatedly deleting a whole section and that is not how the Wikipedia community do things. We discuss major changes and look for concensus.

You are correct that Labor renegged on their commitment and this is worth inclusion as it illustrates the mercenary nature of Australian major party politics today. It would be more accurate to edit the sentance to reflect this by saying "In exchange for Wilkie's support, the Labor government said they would legislate for mandatory "pre-commitment" technology which would require persons using high-bet machines to pre-commit how much they are willing to bet on a machine before they begin play,[31] as well as introducing $1 maximum bet per spin machines which would not require pre-commitment, which Wilkie argues would be safer. When they consolidated their position in parliament by placing Peter Slipper in the Speaker's chair they no longer needed Wilkie's support and withdrew support for his bill." I beleive Abbott's position is relevant and worth stating here. It is good that you have decided to log in so you can join the discourse and stop being a faceless vandal. Welcome to the community Itsjustme007. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Djapa84 (talk • contribs) 05:04, 16 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Appologies for not signing my last post.   Djapa Owen 05:09, 16 June 2012 (UTC)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Djapa84 (talk • contribs)

Well its nice to see you finally start to discuss these issues instead of just rejecting my suggestions. I was only trying to remove the bias from this text and it really irritated me when I was labelled as irrelevant to this discussion and asked to maintain NPOV when this is what I was doing all along. For that reason, I incorrectly labeled you a labour party stooge and directed a personal attack for which I apologise.

My final observation is that the sentence "According to polling, the Labor government's plans are supported by a clear majority of voters across the spectrum." is inconsistent with the rest of the paragraph. Instead it should read "According to polling, Wilkie's intentions are supported by a clear majority of voters across the spectrum."

Thanks for being more open about these issues. Itsjustme007 (talk) 10:48, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I agree with your suggestion that Labor deserves no credit for Wilkie's policies and have made the edit you suggest (although I have substituted policies for intentions). Part of what made me worried about your edits was the IP hopping going on because you were not logging in, that is how political fanatics operate deleting sections they don't agree with without logging in so they are accountable for their actions. I am glad this was not your intention. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Djapa84 (talk • contribs) 15:10, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

TasWeekend article
Could be a good source: http://www.themercury.com.au/lifestyle/tasweekend-why-andrew-wilkie-is-always-up-for-the-good-fight/story-fnj64o6u-1227445912872 -- Chuq (talk) 11:26, 18 July 2015 (UTC)

Killing the weight tag
There is no article on pokies in australia, or on pre-committment technology - so no content can be merged out. There is no issue with weight. -- Callinus (talk) 08:17, 3 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Andrew Wilkie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111117020825/http://www.andrewwilkie.org:80/content/index.php/aw/issues_policy_extended/C18 to http://www.andrewwilkie.org/content/index.php/aw/issues_policy_extended/C18
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120328055328/http://www.international.to/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2215:andrew-wilkie-complains-about-opposition-to-his-poker-machine-plans&catid=80:politics&Itemid=120 to http://www.international.to/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2215:andrew-wilkie-complains-about-opposition-to-his-poker-machine-plans&catid=80:politics&Itemid=120
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121007030552/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8351969 to http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8351969

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:01, 13 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Andrew Wilkie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100827165541/http://vtr.aec.gov.au/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-15508-194.htm to http://vtr.aec.gov.au/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-15508-194.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:52, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Andrew Wilkie


text:
Documentation generator

A documentation generator is a programming tool that generates software documentation intended for programmers (API documentation) or end users (end-user guide), or both, from a set of source code files, and in some cases, binary files. Some generators, such as Javadoc, can use special comments to drive the generation. Doxygen is an example of a generator that can use all of these methods.

Types of generation
Document generation can be divided in several types:

 * Batch generation (generic technique)
 * Text block correspondence (documents created based on pre-defined text blocks)
 * Forms (forms for websites)
 * Documentation synthesis:
 * Documentation can be inferred from code
 * Documentation can be inferred from execution traces

Some integrated development environments provide interactive access to documentation, code metadata, etc.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Documentation generator


text:
John H. Riley

John H. Riley (January 19, 1947 – March 6, 1994) was an American attorney and railroad transportation administrator.

Early life and education
Riley was born in New York City and raised in Danbury, Connecticut. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Boston College and a Juris Doctor from Cornell Law School.

Career
After graduating from law school, Riley worked as an attorney in Minneapolis and Denver. He began his career in Washington, D.C. in 1978 as an aide to U.S. Senator David Durenberger (R-Minnesota) and was his chief counsel and later, his chief of staff. In 1982, Riley was nominated to serve as administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). He served from 1983 to 1989 under Secretary of Transportation Elizabeth Dole. Riley is credited for recruiting W. Graham Claytor Jr. to come out of retirement and lead Amtrak for eleven years. Riley was a longtime Amtrak supporter and advocated for its funding during his years in Washington.

In 1990, Riley was named as Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Transportation. He resigned in 1991 when he was diagnosed with an aggressive tumor in his brain. During a period of remission, Riley served on the executive committee of the Transportation Research Board.

Personal life
Despite two major surgeries at Johns Hopkins University Medical Center in Baltimore, Maryland, and two periods of remission, he died of brain cancer in March 1994, and was buried in Ardmore, Pennsylvania.

title: John H. Riley


text:
Talk:Chandra Shekhar Singh

Date of death
Should we point out that his true birth-date (incl. the year) is unknown?

The last phrase sounds odd...

According to the Hindu, he was born on 1 July 1927. .Capitalistroadster 08:01, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Start classification
I have classified this article as a start. Its importance has been assessed as mid although it might be a bit low for a Prime Minister of India. Capitalistroadster 08:01, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chandra Shekhar Singh


text:
Aperture masking interferometry

Aperture masking interferometry (or Sparse aperture masking) is a form of speckle interferometry, that allows diffraction limited imaging from ground-based telescopes (like the Keck Telescope and the Very Large Telescope), and is a high contrast imaging mode on the James Webb Space Telescope. This technique allows ground-based telescopes to reach the maximum possible resolution, allowing ground-based telescopes with large diameters to produce far greater resolution than the Hubble Space Telescope. A mask is placed over the telescope which only allows light through a small number of holes. This array of holes acts as a miniature astronomical interferometer. The principal limitation of the technique is that it is applicable only to relatively bright astronomical objects, since the mask discards most of the light received from the astronomical source. The method was developed by John E. Baldwin and collaborators in the Cavendish Astrophysics Group at the University of Cambridge in the late 1980s.

Description
In the aperture masking technique, the bispectral analysis (speckle masking) method is typically applied to image data taken through masked apertures, where most of the aperture is blocked off and light can only pass through a series of small holes (subapertures). The aperture mask removes atmospheric noise from these measurements through the use of closure quantities, allowing the bispectrum to be measured more quickly than for an un-masked aperture.

For simplicity the aperture masks are usually either placed in front of the secondary mirror (e.g. Tuthill et al. 2000) or placed in a re-imaged aperture plane (e.g. Haniff et al. 1987; Young et al. 2000; Baldwin et al. 1986), as shown in Figure 1.a) . The masks are usually categorised either as non-redundant or partially redundant. Non-redundant masks consist of arrays of small holes where no two pairs of holes have the same separation vector (the same baseline – see aperture synthesis).

Each pair of holes provides a set of fringes at a unique spatial frequency in the image plane. Partially redundant masks are usually designed to provide a compromise between minimizing the redundancy of spacings and maximizing both the throughput and the range of spatial frequencies investigated (Haniff & Buscher 1992; Haniff et al. 1989). Figures 1.b) and 1.c) show examples of aperture masks used in front of the secondary at the Keck telescope by Peter Tuthill and collaborators; Figure 1.b) is a non-redundant mask while Figure 1.c) is partially redundant.

Although the signal-to-noise of speckle masking observations at high light level can be improved with aperture masks, the faintest limiting magnitude cannot be significantly improved for photon-noise limited detectors (see Buscher & Haniff 1993).

Interferometry with the James Webb Space Telescope
Aperture Masking Interferometry is available on the James Webb Space Telescope, which is the first execution of this technique (or any form of interferometry) in space. This is enabled by a non redundant mask with seven holes (sub-apertures), which is embedded as a mode of the NIRISS instrument.

title: Aperture masking interferometry


text:
Sha Tin Road

Sha Tin Road, opened on 6 November 1984, is a dual-2 lane expressway in Hong Kong. It links Lion Rock Tunnel Road and Tai Po Road — Sha Tin, forming a part of Route 1.

This 3.4 km road is mostly elevated, running at the foothills on the eastern bank of the Shing Mun River, bypassing the town centre of Sha Tin, which is to its west. The road crosses the river on Dragon Bridge (錦龍橋) near City One and joins Tai Po Road - Sha Tin near the Sha Tin Racecourse.

Interchanges and Junctions
The section of Route 1 that runs through Sha Tin Road has 6 exits. They are numbered 11A, 11B, 12, 12A, 12B, and 12C. The entire road is in Sha Tin District. {| class="plainrowheaders wikitable" !scope=col|Location !scope=col|km !scope=col|Exit !scope=col|Destinations !scope=col|Notes
 * colspan=5 style="background:#f2f2f2; text-align:center"|UK motorway symbol.svg Sha Tin Road
 * colspan=5 style="background:#f2f2f2; text-align:center"|UK motorway symbol.svg Sha Tin Road
 * rowspan=3|Sha Tin Wai
 * style="text-align:right"|17.4
 * style="text-align:center"|
 * Lion Rock Tunnel Road - Tai Wai, Kowloon
 * Southern terminus; continues
 * style="text-align:right"|17.4
 * style="background:#dff9f9; text-align:center"|11A
 * style="background:#dff9f9;"|Lion Rock Tunnel Road - Tsuen Wan, Sha Tin Central
 * style="background:#dff9f9;"|Northbound exit and southbound entrance only
 * style="text-align:right"|18.3
 * style="text-align:center"|11B
 * Hong Kong road sign (Expressway Begins).svg Sha Lek Highway - Ma On Shan, Kowloon East
 * Northbound exit and southbound entrance only
 * rowspan=2|Yuen Chau Kok
 * style="text-align:right"|18.8
 * style="text-align:center"|12
 * Sha Tin Wai Road - Sha Tin Wai, Yuen Chau Kok, Kowloon East
 * style="text-align:right"|19.5
 * style="text-align:center"|12A
 * Fo Tan Road / Tai Chung Kiu Road - Fo Tan, Shek Mun
 * Northbound exit and southbound entrance only
 * rowspan=3|Fo Tan
 * style="text-align:right"|20.4
 * style="text-align:center"|12B
 * Fo Tan Road - Sha Tin Central
 * Southbound exit and northbound entrance only
 * style="text-align:right"|21.1
 * style="text-align:center"|12C
 * Yuen Wo Road - Penfold Park
 * Northbound exit and southbound entrance only
 * style="text-align:right"|21.1
 * style="text-align:center"|
 * (UK motorway symbol.svg Tai Po Road — Sha Tin) northbound - Ma Liu Shui, Tai Po
 * Northern terminus; end of
 * style="text-align:right"|21.1
 * style="text-align:center"|12C
 * Yuen Wo Road - Penfold Park
 * Northbound exit and southbound entrance only
 * style="text-align:right"|21.1
 * style="text-align:center"|
 * (UK motorway symbol.svg Tai Po Road — Sha Tin) northbound - Ma Liu Shui, Tai Po
 * Northern terminus; end of
 * Northern terminus; end of

title: Sha Tin Road


text:
Talk:Hansa R

I don't see why Hansa R should take precedent over Hansa Records.

If anyone can find a decent source of facts on Hansa I would be happy to write an article. It appears they were bought by Ariola in 1980, then Arista, then BMG, but I don't have any good sources. I will also add a bunch more artists when I get a chance.

--T. R. Stratton 09:20, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hansa R


text:
Talk:Hansa Records

Untitled
I don't see why Hansa R should take precedent over Hansa Records.

If anyone can find a decent source of facts on Hansa I would be happy to write an article. You will probably have to look in German though.

--T. R. Stratton 09:20, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)

Source for article information:

http://www.musicmagnet.de/wo_in_berlin/labels61.html (in German) http://www.gema.de/kommunikation/news/n164/meisel_verlag.shtml (in German)

--T. R. Stratton 10:01, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Hansa.jpg
Image:Hansa.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 00:04, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Founded in the 1960s
Quite vague; the best we can do? Phone them up and ask.94.117.225.48 (talk) 17:02, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hansa Records


text:
Talk:Trondheim

Including Throndhjem
There is also the spelling version "Throndhjem". This can be seen for example here: Throndhjem stasjon.

Should that be included as well? Maybe something like "[...] historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and T(h)rondhjem, is a city [...]" in the first line? (Netron 10:23, 29 May 2017 (UTC))

"heim" vs "hjem"
What I hear in the ogg file, is it the pronunciation of the name "Trondhjem" or the name "Trondheim"? Chvsanchez 01:17, 19 July 2007 (UTC)
 * It's "Trondhjem". Zido 21:54, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I am from "Trondheim" and do not say "Trondhjæm". We have Heimdal, you don't say Hjæmdal, we have Ranheim, you don't say Ranhjæm. Kwikdahl (talk) 21:57, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

 * See Norwegian language struggle. Dieus (talk) 11:34, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The question is still not answered. I'm a native English speaker, I have been to Trondheim, and I have heard both pronunciations. (Not recently and not necessarily from native speakers.) Also the article currently has only the Norwegian pronunciation. If there is a common English alternative, that should be included, too. 76.102.1.193 (talk) 06:00, 3 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I'm going to try to clear things up, as this indeed is a bit confusing, especially if you aren't from Trondheim.

 * Alright, so "heim" and "hjem" both have the exact same meaning, being "home". "Heim" is the more archaic, Norwegian word, while hjem is a newer influence brought in from Danish. You could roughly say that "heim" is more commonly heard on the countryside, while "hjem" is a word more commonly used in the cities. The traditional pronounciation in the city (using the traditional city borders, before much of the surronding countryside was included), have always been "Trondhjem" (or more precisely "Trånnhjæmm" in the local dialect). Outside of Trondheim City, the city has been called "Trondheim". Now you can hear both variations within the city limits, as the city mergered with much of the surronding countryside in 1964. This is the reason why parts of modern Trondheim like Strindheim, Ranheim, Heimdal always is pronounced as they're written (and not as Strindhjem, Ranhjem and so on), since they originally were located outside the city limits (i.e. the countryside). The reason the name was changed to Trondheim back in the day was because of the Norwegianisation campaign following independence in 1905, in an attempt to give the Norwegian cities more "autenthic" names (e.g. Kristiania -> Oslo). Interestingly, the written variant, "Trondheim", is becoming more and more prevalent among the younger generations nowadays according to a study made by Stian Hårstad (http://ntnu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:359563/FULLTEXT01). I think it's also important to add that most inhabitants will referer to the city as "Trondheim" in English, in order to not create any confusion regardless of their origins. Bricklayer (talk) 16:06, 11 June 2012 (UTC)

"Trond" vs "Trong"
"Trong-jæm"?! Born and raised in this town, I must say that I have never heard anyone pronounce the name with a g in it? What is the background for this entry? --Njård 07:46, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry buddy - that was my measly attempt at rendering the nasal-like pronunciation in a half-English, half-Norwegian, non-IPA transliteration. Change it into something more realistic if you want and can. ;J //Big Adamsky 08:11, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, suspected something like that..;) Will a forreigner with no knowledge of the dialect read it with a "silent g"? If so I believe it can be left as it is for now. Can't think of any english words with similar pronununciation..--Njård 08:39, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * How about "Tråynnngjdh-ndjæmmm"? :P //Big Adamsky 08:44, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hm "Trawnn-yam" would be better.. like in "prawn"..--Njård 08:50, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hm, sounds about right - go for it! //Big Adamsky 09:00, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

demonym
why is it open? "trønder", "trøndersk"? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.88.126.41 (talk) 03:41, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

 * because someone (expletive deleted) added "demonym to Infobox Kommune without defaulting it to "not shown"? Anyway, it should be "Trondhjemmer", in my opinion. People from Steinkjær are "trøndere" too! --Alvestrand (talk) 06:55, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Toponymy
Whereas History reads
 * Trondheim was named Kaupangen (English: market place or trading place) by Viking King Olav Tryggvason in 997. Fairly soon, it came to be called Nidaros.

Toponymy reads
 * The city was originally given the name by Olav Tryggvason. It was for a long time called Nidaros (English: Mouth of the river Nid), or Niðaróss in the Old Norse spelling.

The latter appears to suggest Trondheim was the original name of the city. Further into Toponomy it reads
 * Historically, Trondheimen indicates the area around the Trondheimsfjord.

I assume this means the city was founded by King Olav under the name of Kaupangen in the region called Trondheimen, and that the city eventually took over the name of the region as it grew in importance. But was Nidaros the formal name or colloquial? Some clarification and sources would be in order. — Sm18 (talk) 17:45, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

 * "Kaupang" means "town" or "trade city" in Old Norse, so that was certainly never the formal name of the city. The Norwegian version of this article claims that in the late Middle Ages, the town was sometimes known as "Kaupangen i Trondheimen" - that is, the trade center of the Trondheim area. There was a *huge* confrontation about the name in 1929-1931, which ended up with the "compromise" name "Trondheim" rather than the Danish-inspired "Trondhjem" or the backwards-looking "Nidaros". It's an interesting history. --Alvestrand (talk) 12:14, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Bumper-surfing
I removed the following from Sports:

 * A favourite pastime in winter among boys is pogeying, or bumper-surfing behind cars when conditions permit.

I'm sure this happens, but I'm also sure it is not the favourite pastime. -- Egil 09:25, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Sintef and more about economy
Sintef, being the largest research establishment in Norway, deserves a mention in the article IMHO. And what about the local enonomy? Google recently established themselves in Trondheim, making this one of the few (only?) European city with all the three leading search engine companies represented.

Wrong use of semicolon
Like Norwegians most (especially those working as journalists in tabloids) the authors of this article don't know how to use the semicolon. It seems that they mix it up with the ordinary colon, which has nothing to do with it at all, but is, alas, a common mistake especially here in Norway. I've tried to take out as many wrongly used semicolons as I can. First rule of the use of semicolon is: DON'T USE IT..! It is said that the intellectual level of a country is inversely proportional with the number of semicolons used in papers and other texts. So, take a look in the Wikipedia article about semicolon or/and simply stop using it.

Urban density
urban density is approx 2500 http://www.ssb.no/beftett/tab-2009-06-16-01.html I don't know how to type it in, but it be of interest to many. So if someone could programme it in, I think that would be great —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.113.66.145 (talk) 18:32, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

Ever been in a film...?
I recongize this city from a film, most particularly the colorful storehouses. Can anyone shed any light on this...? Thanks. 77.86.122.168 (talk) 22:01, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

Climate information for Trondheim
Currently the Trondheim article is using just one year, 2009, as climate information. This is clearly not ideal. I suggest using many more years, and I have looked in eKlima at the official data for Trondheim - Voll (127m asl) from Meteorological Institute. Seems the station operated from 1923 - 1967, but then was discontinued and did not start up again with relevant data untill 1997. Thus, I have gathered all data from 1997 onwards and included this year, 2013. I am waiting for December to finish to complete the weather box. That will give us 17 years of temperature data as base period, a large improvement I believe. Precipitation has been recorded at Voll since February 1999, but data for 2001 and 2004 is missing. Still, this is 13 years. I have also used this data to gather number of precipitation days with at least 1 mm precipitation (DRR_GE1), a common threshold for precipitation days and one that avoids condensate to be counted as precipitation day. Sunhours data for Trondheim is from Metlex by Meteorolgical Institute. Mean annual temperature back to 1997 from Rimfrost, which is using offical data from met.no.

As an example, the mean annual temperature for Trondheim - Voll in 1997 was 5.6C. The warmest years were 2006 and 2011, both with a mean annual of 6.8C at Voll. There are 9 years with mean 6C or warmer (2013 not included). The coldest year was 2010 with mean annual 3.6C - a very cold year! The second coldest year was 2001 with mean annual 4.9C. Notice that the data on yr.no for Trondheim is an estimate for the 1961-90 period, as the weather station was not operational most of those years. Thus, the information in this weather box is possibly the most accurate description of Trondheims climate today (higher elevations will off course be somewhat colder, and the city center slightly warmer). But the data is fully open, everyone can register at eKlima and get access to the data.

When December is completed, I have prepared to make the last calculations (including year averages - those in the box are preliminary values) and suggest we then insert this weather box in the article and removes the one used currently.

Orcaborealis (talk) 21:48, 26 December 2013 (UTC)

Ok completed climate information/ Weather box as December is completed and data is ready. It can now be used in the article, but I think there should be some text also, explaining why these years was used (station started up again in 1997) and that altitude lapse rate is about 0.6C/ 100m, so that that the city center will be about 0.6C warmer, while higher elevations will be colder (Lian, last stop for the tram, at some 300 m amsl, will have a mean annual temperature approx 1.1C colder) Orcaborealis (talk) 01:39, 1 January 2014 (UTC)

Climate updated with 2014 included in the data base I suggest to use this updated weather box instead of the current one in the article, as I have now included the data for 2014. 2014 was a very warm year, warmest ever in Trondheim. The relative warmest months were February and July, but also March and November were very warm. More years included is good, IMO. Trondheim - Voll climate with 2014 added to the data:

Orcaborealis (talk) 21:52, 1 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Trondheim. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20081208171858/http://www.tkm.museum.no:80/no/velkommen.html to http://www.tkm.museum.no/no/velkommen.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 01:06, 28 August 2015 (UTC)

Economy
This article needs an economy section. What industries are the top employers in Trondheim? Give me the top 5 or 10 industries and major employment sectors. -- 143.120.100.106 (talk) 01:10, 23 October 2015 (UTC)

Climate data again
The table used now in the article is from a Russian web page: http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate2/01271.htm and some of the information is wrong, especially the record high/lows. The data seems to be from Værnes. The record high for February is incorrect, has never been that warm neither in the city or at Trondheim Airport Værnes. The record high for April and for September and for October are wrong, etc. There are now more data digitalied and available in eklima. So I have looked up all the actual records in Trondheim city (not at Værnes, and also not at places far from the city such as Jervan), and also combined with data about averages and precipitation for 1981-2010 from this webpage: http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1981-2010-2-p159.php%7Ctitle=Moyennes. Since there were no weather stations recording temperature in Trondheim city from 1982-1996, this page seems to have used averages from Værnes for those years, otherwise from Voll. Also, the sunhours are removed as many years are based on recording from Voll, where a hill to the S/SE block the sun (not in summer) for part of the day. Thus, the new sunrecorded established by met.no has been placed at Gløshaugen were there are much less terrain blocking issues. The first year - 2016 - recorded almost 1600 sunhours. Since 2012, there have been several new weather stations (Lade, Sverresborg, Ranheim, Saupstad) primarily for reccording precipitation, but they also record temperature. Lade recorded 13.8°C in February 2014, but this is not included in the monthly records in the table as there should not be several stations at the same time in the data.

Proposed txt to add to the table:

All the monthly record lows are from 1955 or older, with half of them from before 1920. The all-time high was recorded July 22 1901, and the all-time low in February 1899. The most exceptional record is the May record low -9.6°C from 1900, 3.7°C colder than the second coldest May night. The earliest weather stations were located closer to the city center (Trondheim, 58 m), but from 1945 the only weather station has been located further form the center and at a higher elevation (Voll, 127 m and Tyholt, 113 m) thus at a colder location. Three of the monthly record highs are from after 2000. From 1982 - 1996 the city had no weather stations recording temperature, so in this period Trondheim Airport is used for averages. Temperatures have warmed in recent decades. The last overnight frost in June was in 1958, and the coldest night in May after year 2000 had low -2.7°C. A new sunrecorder was established by met.no in the city at Gløshaugen in late 2015, and recorded 1589 sunhours in 2016. Earlier sunrecorders had blocking issues due to terrain.

Orcaborealis (talk) 20:50, 12 March 2017 (UTC)

location on Map of Norway
The city appears to be incorrectly located on the Map of Norway. The red dot is placed near the location of Aure instead. Sihrtogg (talk) 17:00, 1 October 2020 (UTC)

Add foreign population
Add foreign population Deniz Kıray (talk) 15:41, 2 October 2020 (UTC)

5758U4YRTYU5R9RU8T8UT-I7
5OROROROROO0R0RORPRPROROR 2600:6C44:657F:51BA:8878:15C:F9C8:16BF (talk) 22:08, 24 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trondheim


text:
OurTunes

ourTunes is a cross-platform Java-based file sharing client which allows users to connect to iTunes and share MP3 and AAC music files over a local area subnetwork. ourTunes v1.3.3 has been downloaded over 3,000,000 times.

The current version of ourTunes, v1.7g, works with all versions of iTunes up to at least iTunes 7 on Mac OS X and iTunes 11.02 on Microsoft Windows operating systems.

History
ourTunes was developed by David Blackman, a Stanford University student. It originally started as 'One2OhMyGod', a Swing-based client designed for iTunes's version 4.1 authorization, which was made obsolete by Apple's release of version 4.5. After Australian student David Hammerton cracked the new encryption and authentication system used by iTunes, One2OhMyGod was forked into a program called 'AppleRecords'. ourTunes was developed further from AppleRecords, including the conceptual design of programs such as MyTunes, designed by Trinity College (Connecticut) student Bill Zeller, although these programs lacked ourTunes's searchability features.

When iTunes 7 was released, Apple changed the authentication scheme again which caused the older version of ourTunes to fail. In response, a grass roots effort to "Save ourTunes" was founded to develop a version of ourTunes compatible with iTunes 7. So far, a working version has been posted to the website, although the project is not identified as complete.

Features
Unlike the iTunes music sharing feature, which allows a maximum of five users every 24 hours to connect and listen to the music of another user who has enabled sharing on a given subnetwork, ourTunes allows users to download music files to their own computer and provides the functionality to search through the songs from all connected hosts. ourTunes cannot download music purchased from the iTunes Music Store. Unlike peer-to-peer programs like Kazaa and Napster, ourTunes cannot search for or download music from users who do not share a subnetwork. ourTunes does not offer its users the opportunity to share files. ourTunes offers the ability to both download and stream music off the available shares. Because the program does not operate over the public Internet, users do not attract scrutiny or legal responses from the RIAA, which has asked colleges and universities to crack down on the programs in response.

title: OurTunes


text:
Parthiban Kanavu

 Parthiban Kanavu  (பார்த்திபன் கனவு, pārttipaṉ kaṉavu, lit. Parthiban's dream) is a Tamil novel written by Kalki Krishnamurthy.

Details
The story is a sequel to Sivagamiyin Sapatham and a curtain-raiser to Ponniyin Selvan. In 2004, Nirupama Raghavan penned an abridged (English) translation. In 2023, Manorama Books Published a Malayalam Translation of The Novel Translated By Sajith M.S.

Plot summary
This novel chronicles the attempts of Vikraman, the son of the Chola king Parthiban, to attain independence from the Pallava ruler Narasimhavarman I.

In the seventh century the Cholas are vassals of the Pallavas. Parthiban conveys his dream of the Chola dynasty regaining its glory – which he believes is lost since they are no longer the independent rulers – to his young son Vikraman. Parthiban refuses to pay tribute to the Pallavas, triggering a battle in which Parthiban is killed. Before he dies, on the battlefield, an enigmatic monk promises Parthiban that he will make sure that Vikraman fulfills Parthiban's dream. On becoming an adult, Vikraman plans his revenge but is betrayed by his treacherous uncle, Marappa Bhupathi. The prince is arrested and exiled to a far-off island by Narasimhavarman.

Three years later Vikraman returns, longing to meet his mother and a mysterious beauty whom he saw before being deported. He discovers that his mother has disappeared, kidnapped by members of the savage Kapalika cult given to performing human sacrifices. He also learns that the beauty he has fallen for, Kundhavi, is none other than the daughter of his sworn enemy, Narasimhavarman.

Several twists and turns later, the monk is revealed as the Pallava emperor Narasimhavarman, who keeps his word to the dying Parthiban by helping establish an independent kingdom under Vikraman in Uraiyur, followed by the Chola prince's marriage to Kundhavi.

The novel ends by stating that Parthiban's dream of a great Chola dynasty was passed on from father to son, and was finally realised three hundred years after Parthiban's time, in the reign of Raja Raja Chola I.

Allusions/references to actual history, geography and current science
As is his wont, Kalki mixes historical events/personalities along with fictional characters. The historical characters/events include :
 * Parthiban - The Chola king.
 * Narasimhavarman - The Pallava ruler.
 * Paranjothi aka Siruthondar — The commander of Narasimhavarman's army and the 36th of the 63 Nayanmars.
 * Pulakesi II - The Chalukya ruler.
 * The visit of the Chinese traveller Xuanzang.
 * Narasimhavarman's efforts to abolish human sacrifice.

Adaptation
The novel was adapted into a film of same name in 1960.

title: Parthiban Kanavu


text:
The Giaour

The Giaour is a poem by Lord Byron first published in 1813 by John Murray and printed by Thomas Davison. It was the first in the series of Byron's Oriental romances. The Giaour proved to be a great success when published, consolidating Byron's reputation critically and commercially.

Background
Byron was inspired to write the poem during 1810 and 1811 in the course of his 1809-1811 Grand Tour, which he undertook with his friend John Cam Hobhouse. While in Athens, he became aware of the Turkish custom of throwing a woman found guilty of adultery into the sea wrapped in a sack.

"Giaour" (Turkish: Gâvur) is an offensive Turkish word for infidel or non-believer, and is similar but unrelated to the Arabic word "kafir". The story, subtitled "A Fragment of a Turkish Tale", is Byron's only fragmentary narrative poem. Byron designed the story with three narrators giving their individual points of view about the series of events. The main story tells of a member of Hassan's harem, Leila, who loves the giaour and is killed by being drowned in the sea by Hassan. In revenge, the giaour kills Hassan and then enters a monastery due to his remorse.

The design of the story allows for contrast between Christian and Muslim perceptions of love, death, and the afterlife.

Byron wrote the poem after he had become famous overnight following the 1812 publication of the first two cantos of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage; it reflects his disenchantment with fame. It also reflects the gloom, remorse, and lust of two illicit love affairs, one with his half-sister Augusta Leigh and the other with Lady Frances Webster.

The earliest version of the poem was written between September 1812 and March 1813, and a version of 700 lines was published in June 1813. Several more editions appeared before the end of 1813, each longer than the last. The last edition contains 1,300 lines, almost twice as many as the version first published.

Romantic Orientalism
The Giaour proved to be very popular with several editions published in the first year. By 1815, 14 editions had been published when it was included in his first collected edition. Its runaway success led Byron to publish three more "Turkish tales" in the next couple of years: The Bride of Abydos in 1813, The Corsair in 1814, and Lara. Each of these poems proved to be very popular, with "The Corsair" selling 10,000 copies in its first day of publication. These tales led to the public perception of the Byronic hero.

Some critics consider Leila as a personification of Greece, for the sake of which there was a war between the Ottoman Empire and Russia.

Byron commented ironically on the success of these works in his 1818 poem Beppo:

"Oh that I had the art of easy writing  What should be easy reading! could I scale Parnassus, where the Muses sit inditing    Those pretty poems never known to fail, How quickly would I print (the world delighting)    A Grecian, Syrian, or Assyrian tale; And sell you, mix'd with western sentimentalism, Some samples of the finest Orientalism."

French painter Eugène Delacroix used the story as the inspiration for three paintings, all titled The Combat of the Giaour and Hassan. So did Ary Scheffer, who painted Giaour, today housed at the Musée de la Vie romantique, Paris.

Influence
The poem was an influence on the early work of Edgar Allan Poe. His first major poem, "Tamerlane", particularly emulates both the manner and style of The Giaour.

Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz translated the work into Polish. Mickiewicz wrote in November 1822: "I think I shall translate The Giaour."

Vampirism theme
The Giaour is also notable for its inclusion of the theme of vampires and vampirism, it being one of the first written mentions of such topics (preceded by John Stagg's The Vampyre in 1810). After telling how the giaour killed Hassan, the Ottoman narrator predicts that in punishment for his crime, the giaour will be condemned to become a vampire after his death and kill his own family by sucking their blood, to his own frightful torment as well as theirs. Byron became acquainted with the concept of vampires while on his Grand Tour.

The description of the vampire, lines 757–768:

But first, on earth as vampire sent, Thy corse shall from its tomb be rent: Then ghastly haunt thy native place, And suck the blood of all thy race; There from thy daughter, sister, wife, At midnight drain the stream of life; Yet loathe the banquet which perforce Must feed thy livid living corse: Thy victims ere they yet expire Shall know the demon for their sire, As cursing thee, thou cursing them, Thy flowers are withered on the stem.

The association of Byron with vampires continued in 1819 with the publication of The Vampyre by John William Polidori, which was inspired by an unfinished story by Byron, "A Fragment", also known as "Fragment of a Novel" and "The Burial: A Fragment", first published in Mazeppa in 1819. The lead character, Lord Ruthven, was based on Byron. Polidori had previously worked as Byron's doctor and the two parted on bad terms. Much to Byron's annoyance, The Vampyre was widely attributed to him and even included in the third volume of Byron's works by popular demand. Polidori's tale was published by Henry Colburn on 1 April 1819, without Polidori's knowledge or permission. Polidori immediately wrote to Colburn stating that 'the tale of the Vampyre – which is not Lord Byron's but was written entirely by me at the request of a lady [...] saying that she thought it impossible to work up such materials, desired I would write it for her, which I did in two idle mornings by her side.' The revelation caused a great scandal, and Polidori benefitted very little from it, either financially or personally. Lord Ruthven was the first portrayal of the vampire as a debauched aristocrat.

Film
The Giaour, with screenplay by and to be directed by Rika Ohara (The Heart of No Place, 2009), is in preproduction. The feature film is executive-produced by Gareth Jones (Boiling Point, 2021), with soundtrack composed by Jono Podmore.

title: The Giaour


text:
Kim Dotcom

Kim Dotcom (né Schmitz; born 21 January 1974), also known as Kimble and Kim Tim Jim Vestor, is a German-Finnish Internet entrepreneur and political activist who lives in Glenorchy, New Zealand.

He rose to fame in Germany in the 1990s as a hacker and an Internet entrepreneur. He was arrested in 1994 for trafficking in stolen phone calling card numbers. He was convicted on eleven charges of computer fraud, ten charges of data espionage and various other charges in 1998 that he served a two-year suspended sentence for. In 2003, he was deported to Germany where he pleaded guilty to embezzlement in November 2003 and after five months in jail awaiting trial he received another 20 months suspended sentence.

Dotcom is the founder and former CEO of the defunct file-hosting service Megaupload (2005–2012). In 2012, the United States Department of Justice seized its website and pressed charges against Dotcom, including criminal copyright infringement, money laundering, racketeering and wire fraud. Dotcom was residing in New Zealand at the time; at the request of US authorities, New Zealand police raided his home in 2012 and arrested him. Dotcom posted bail and initiated legal proceedings in order to prevent his extradition to the United States.

In 2017, a New Zealand court ruled that Dotcom could be extradited to the US on fraud charges related to Megaupload. Dotcom denied any wrongdoing and has accused US authorities of pursuing a vendetta against him on behalf of politically influential Hollywood studios. In 2018, the New Zealand Court of Appeal upheld the lower court's ruling. Dotcom appealed to the Supreme Court of New Zealand, which ruled in 2020 that Dotcom could be extradited to the United States, but that he could challenge the decision through judicial review.

In 2013, Dotcom launched another cloud storage service called Mega, although he severed all ties with the service in 2015. He also started and funded the Internet Party. The party contested the 2014 New Zealand general election under an electoral alliance with the Mana Movement and contested the 2017 general election independently, but failed to win any seats at either election.

In 2017, Dotcom played a role in spreading conspiracy theories about the murder of Seth Rich.

Early life
Dotcom was born Kim Schmitz in 1974 in Kiel in the north of Germany in what was then politically West Germany. His mother was Finnish, from Turku, so he holds a Finnish passport and has siblings in Finland. His father was German. He legally changed his surname to Dotcom in 2005.

Prior to his arrest in New Zealand, he enjoyed a luxurious life. In 2001, his main source of income was a company called Kimvestor, and he was known for spending his money on expensive cars and boats. During the 2000 Monaco Formula One Grand Prix, Dotcom chartered a 240 ft yacht and used it to host parties for guests such as Prince Rainier of Monaco.

He was granted permanent residence in New Zealand on 29 November 2010. While his residency was under consideration, Dotcom was planning a fireworks show in Auckland at a cost of NZ$600,000. He leased a mansion in Coatesville, a rural community near Auckland, owned by entrepreneurs Richard and Ruth Bradley, and considered one of the most expensive homes in the country. He wanted to buy the mansion when the lease expired.

Before his arrest in New Zealand, he was the world's number-one-ranked Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 player out of more than 15 million online players.

Personal life
In 2007, Dotcom met Mona Verga and married her on 10 July 2009. Dotcom had one child from a previous relationship, who was born in September 2007. Dotcom and Verga had four children together, all using IVF treatment. The couple's first child together was born in 2009. Their second child together was born in 2010. Verga gave birth to twin girls in Auckland in March 2012, a month after he was released on bail from Mt Eden prison. On 17 May 2014, Dotcom announced on Twitter that he was separated from his wife Mona and was filing for divorce. Four days earlier, Mona had left her directorship positions in the Dotcom family's companies.

In November 2017, Dotcom announced he would marry his fiancée, Elizabeth Donnelly, on 20 January 2018; the anniversary of the raid during which he was arrested. They had been dating for two years and in 2017 moved to Queenstown to live. Their first child together was born in November 2022. This was Dotcom's sixth child, also conceived using IVF.

Germany
As a teenager, Schmitz acquired a reputation in his native country of Germany after saying that he had bypassed the security of NASA, the Pentagon and Citibank under the name of Kimble, derived from Richard Kimble, a character in the 1963 TV series The Fugitive. Some of these hacks are disputed. He also stated that he had hacked corporate PBX systems in the United States and said he was selling the access codes.

Schmitz operated a bulletin board system called "House of Coolness" where users would trade pirated software; around 1993, Schmitz was reportedly targeted by German anti-piracy lawyer Günter von Gravenreuth, and had become a paid informant. Schmitz was arrested in March 1994 for selling stolen phone numbers and held in custody for a month. He was arrested again in 1998 on more hacking charges and convicted of 11 counts of computer fraud and 10 counts of data espionage. He was given a two-year suspended sentence; the judge of the case described Schmitz's actions as "youthful foolishness".

In 2001, Schmitz bought €375,000 worth of shares of the nearly bankrupt company Letsbuyit.com [ de ] and subsequently announced his intention to invest €50 million in the company. The announcement caused the share value of Letsbuyit.com to jump, resulting in a €1.5 million profit for Schmitz.

Thailand
Dotcom moved to Thailand to avoid investigation, but was arrested there at the request of the German embassy. In response, he allegedly pretended to kill himself online and declared through his website that he wished to be known as "His Royal Highness King Kimble the First, Ruler of the Kimpire". He was deported back to Germany where he pleaded guilty to embezzlement in November 2003 and, after five months in jail awaiting trial, again received a suspended sentence, this time of 20 months. After avoiding a prison sentence for a second time, he left Germany and moved to Hong Kong in late 2003.

Hong Kong
Dotcom found Hong Kong to his liking and registered Kimpire Limited in December 2003, soon after moving there. He set up a network of interlinked companies, including Trendax, which he said was an artificial intelligence-driven hedge fund. However, Trendax was never registered with Hong Kong's Securities and Futures Commission and the company was not legally allowed to accept investments or to conduct trades. After moving to New Zealand, Dotcom did not disclose his investment activity to the Securities and Futures Commission and was fined HK$8,000.

Move to New Zealand
Dotcom visited New Zealand for 10 days in December 2008 and again for two months in 2009. He applied for residency and received it in November 2010. Immigration New Zealand made its decision on his application, despite his foreign convictions and despite his persona non grata status in Thailand, after officials used a special direction to waive "good character" requirements. Warwick Tuck, head of Immigration New Zealand, said that Dotcom had been granted residency as an "investor plus", or someone who invested $10 million in New Zealand.

Despite granting him residency, Immigration New Zealand expressed concern that their decision might attract criticism that they had allowed Dotcom to buy his way into the country and attempted to keep it secret. Dotcom's residency status subsequently became the subject of intense media speculation when it came to light that Auckland mayor John Banks had become involved and that New Zealand's intelligence services had spied on him—an act made illegal by Dotcom's possession of residency in New Zealand. Immigration New Zealand officers judged Dotcom's convictions in Hong Kong to be too minor to consider deporting him.

On his residency application of 3 June 2010, Dotcom erroneously denied having been convicted of dangerous driving; he had pled guilty to dangerous driving north of Auckland in September 2009. The media speculated at the time that this could provide grounds for deportation.

Involvement with Auckland mayor John Banks
John Banks met Dotcom when Banks was Mayor of Auckland City. He asked Dotcom for help putting on a fireworks display in the city's harbour. Banks later attended a New Year's Eve party thrown by Dotcom at the city centre apartment of now bankrupt property developer David Henderson. He said it provided a great view of the fireworks display detonated over the Waitematā Harbour. Banks said he had advised Dotcom on how to obtain permission from the Overseas Investment Office to buy the Coatesville mansion.

On 28 April 2012, Dotcom revealed he had donated $50,000 to John Banks' mayoral campaign in 2010 and that Banks had asked him to split the donation in two, allowing the Banks campaign to claim them as anonymous by falling within the anonymous limit of $25,000. In 2014, Banks was found guilty of filing a false electoral return, with evidence from Dotcom playing a major part in the case. This conviction was subsequently overturned on appeal following the discovery of new evidence, and a planned retrial was later cancelled and a verdict of acquittal entered.

Among Dotcom's revelations was a phone call from Banks, thanking him for the contribution. Dotcom subsequently recorded a song titled Amnesia, which mocks John Banks and the controversy of Dotcom's donation to him. A poll in October 2012 found the New Zealand public had a more favourable view of Kim Dotcom than of Banks.

Megaupload arrest and extradition proceedings

In February 2003, Dotcom set up Data Protect Limited, but changed the name to Megaupload in 2005. He was the chief executive officer. Megaupload was an online file hosting and sharing service in which users could share links to files for viewing or editing, much of it pirated. Eventually it had over 150 employees, US$175 million revenues, and 50 million daily visitors. At its peak Megaupload was estimated to be the 13th most popular site on the Internet and responsible for 4% of all Internet traffic.

On 5 January 2012, indictments were filed in Virginia in the United States against Dotcom and other company executives with crimes including racketeering, conspiring to commit copyright infringement, and conspiring to commit money laundering. Two weeks later (20 January), Kim Dotcom, Finn Batato, Mathias Ortmann and Bram van der Kolk were arrested in Coatesville, New Zealand, by New Zealand Police, in an armed raid on Dotcom's house involving 76 officers and two helicopters. Seized assets included eighteen luxury cars, large TVs, works of art and US$175 million in cash. Dotcom's bank accounts were frozen denying him access to 64 bank accounts world-wide, including BNZ and Kiwibank accounts in New Zealand, government bonds and money from numerous PayPal accounts.

Dotcom was remanded to Mt Eden Prison and alleged poor treatment by the authorities. On 22 February, North Shore District Court Judge Nevin Dawson overturned previous rulings and released Dotcom on bail, reasoning that Dotcom had neither the ability nor desire to flee the country.

High Court
On 28 June 2012, High Court of New Zealand Justice Helen Winkelmann found that the warrants used to seize Dotcom's property were illegal because they were too broad. The Crown later admitted that it was aware that it was using the wrong order while the raid was in progress and that Dotcom should have been given the chance to challenge the seizure. It also admitted to giving seized hard drives to the FBI, who made copies of them in New Zealand and then sent them back to the US. Justice Winkelmann ruled that the handing of hard drives seized by New Zealand police in the raid to the FBI, and the copying of data on them by the FBI, was illegal.

As a result of those rulings, Justice Judith Potter allowed Dotcom to withdraw approximately NZ$6 million (US$4.8 million) on 28 August 2012 of his seized assets, and to sell nine of his cars. The amount released was to cover $2.6 million in existing legal bills, $1 million in future costs, and another $1 million in rent on his New Zealand mansion.

Court of Appeal
In May 2012, a district court judge ruled that the FBI should hand over all its evidence against Dotcom relating to the extradition bid. The Crown appealed, but the ruling was upheld by the High Court. The Crown appealed again and in March 2013, the Court of Appeal quashed the previous court decisions. Crown lawyer John Pike, on behalf of the US Government, argued that the district court had no power to make disclosure decisions in an extradition case and that "disclosure was extensive and could involve billions of emails". The Court of Appeal agreed stating that extradition hearings were not trials and the full protections and procedures for criminal trials did not apply. Dotcom's lawyer, Paul Davison, QC, appealed to the Supreme Court. In May 2013, the Supreme Court agreed to hear the case, so it will make the final decision on whether Dotcom should receive all the FBI investigation files before the extradition hearing.

A series of subsequent court decisions delayed every attempt to hold a hearing focused on extradition. In March 2013, Dotcom won a Court of Appeal ruling allowing him to sue the GCSB, rejecting the attorney's-general appeal against a ruling in December 2012. A month later, Dotcom appeared in court again, seeking compensation from police over the raid on his house, which earlier had been deemed illegal.

Confidential settlement with police
In November 2017, Dotcom and his former wife Mona accepted a confidential settlement from the police over the raid. The settlement came after a damages claim was filed with the High Court over the "unreasonable" use of force when the anti-terrorism Special Tactics Group raided his mansion in January 2012. Settlements have already been reached between police and Bram van der Kolk and Mathias Ortmann, who were also arrested. The New Zealand Herald reported that their settlements were six-figure sums and "it is likely Dotcom would seek more as the main target in the raid". Commenting on the settlement, Dotcom said: "We were shocked at the uncharacteristic handling of my arrest for a non-violent Internet copyright infringement charge brought by the United States, which is not even a crime in New Zealand".

Supreme Court
In February 2014, the New Zealand Court of Appeal deemed the raids on Kim Dotcom to be legal but not the FBI's taking of information. Dotcom appealed this decision to the Supreme Court. In December four of the five judges agreed with the Court of Appeal that the raid was legal and ordered Dotcom to pay $35,000 costs. Chief Justice Sian Elias dissented, saying there had been a miscarriage of justice as the search warrant was too broad.

A month before the Supreme Court decision, Dotcom's legal team quit after he had spent $10 million on his defence, financed the Internet Party, then run out of money. When the US tried to have his bail revoked, a new lawyer, Ron Mansfield, helped keep him out of prison. In December 2014, events took another turn when the High Court in Hong Kong ruled that the United States "did not have a clear path to serve a legal summons on Dotcom's filesharing company" and he could take a case to get back $60 million seized by authorities there. In making this decision, Judge Tallentire said, "No one can say when that process of extradition will be completed given the appeal paths open to the various accused. Indeed, no one can say if it will ever be completed".

Political fallout
After his arrest by the New Zealand police in January 2012, Dotcom had an ongoing dispute with Prime Minister John Key about when Key had first become aware of Dotcom. Dotcom argued that Key had been involved in a plan to allow him into New Zealand so that he could then be extradited to the US to face copyright charges. Key had consistently said he had never heard of Dotcom until the day before the New Zealand police raid on his mansion in Coatesville.

Apology for illegal spying on Dotcom
On 24 September 2012, Key revealed that, at the request of the police, the New Zealand Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB) had spied on Dotcom to help police locate him and monitor his communications in the weeks prior to the raid on his house. The GCSB are not allowed to spy on New Zealand citizens or permanent residents; Dotcom, though not a citizen, had been granted permanent residency. Three days later, Key apologized for the illegal spying.

Application for damages
In December 2012, Chief High Court judge Helen Winkelmann ordered the GCSB to "confirm all entities" to which it gave information. This also allowed Dotcom to sue the Crown for damages. The Crown appealed Justice Winkelmann's decision, but in March 2013, the Court of Appeal upheld the High Court's decision. Dotcom was unable to access the information, but Stuart Grieve QC, who was appointed as a Special Advocate, was given access. Dotcom argued in the Court of Appeal that there had been judicial miscarriage, but the court ruled in favour of the GCSB. Dotcom next sought leave to appeal to the Supreme Court but in February 2020, it rejected his appeal and ordered him to pay the GCSB NZ$2,500.

Media reaction
The mistakes by authorities attracted widespread media coverage and Key's handling of the affair was criticised by opposition parties in Parliament. Political commentator Bryce Edwards criticised the GCSB's involvement and described the prosecution of Dotcom as "the stuff of farce". The Sunday Star-Times commentator Richard Boock compared the Dotcom saga to Watergate and suggested it might eventually 'bring down' John Key. The story made headlines overseas, including in the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, The Guardian, and the Hollywood Reporter which specialises in legal and entertainment issues.

On US involvement in his arrest
Dotcom claimed to be a legitimate businessman who has been persecuted by the United States government and industry trade groups such as the RIAA and Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). He blames former US President Barack Obama for colluding with Hollywood to orchestrate his arrest and has spoken out against his negative portrayal in the media. In regard to the illegal spying conducted by GCSB, Dotcom said they were not spying to find out where he was. In May 2013, Dotcom released a 39-page white paper alleging that the US government persecuted him at the behest of Hollywood, in exchange for support for Obama.

Speculation about Hollywood's role in Dotcom's arrest grew when, in September 2012, Key made a four-day visit to meet top studio executives. Key said the trip was intended to promote New Zealand as a good country to produce films, but he was planning to meet with the MPAA, which had described Dotcom as "a career criminal".

In November 2013, The New Zealand Herald journalist David Fisher published The Secret Life of Kim Dotcom: Spies, Lies and the War for the Internet.

Internet Party
In September 2013, Dotcom revealed he aspired to enter New Zealand politics. On 27 March 2014, Dotcom founded the Internet Party. In May 2014, it was announced that the Internet Party would form a political alliance with the Mana Party, led by local activist and sitting Member of Parliament Hone Harawira. The deal was brokered to serve the Mana Party financially, with the combined structure's political campaign in the 2014 general election being primarily funded by Dotcom. In contrast, the fledgling Internet Party was to benefit from the possibility of seats in parliament in the event that the combined structure were to achieve a greater percentage of the country's vote, helped along by the Mana Party's existing seat. Due to his citizenship status, Dotcom was ineligible to become a member of parliament, and Laila Harré, a veteran of left-wing politics and trade unions, was chosen as leader of the Internet Party.

The Moment of Truth
On 16 September 2014, Dotcom held an event in the Auckland Town Hall five days before the election in which he promised to provide "absolute proof" that Prime Minister John Key knew about him long before he was arrested. The event was billed as the "Moment of Truth" and included the release of what was claimed to be an email, dated 27 October 2010 from Kevin Tsujihara, the chief executive of Warner Bros. to a senior executive at the Motion Picture Association of America – the lobby group for the Hollywood studios. The New Zealand Herald, which broke the story, contacted Warner Bros., who said the email was a fake.

In the 2014 general election, the joint Internet Party and Mana Movement gained 1.42% of the nationwide party vote but failed to win any seats. Dotcom, who was not a candidate because he is not a New Zealand citizen, sank NZ$3.5 million into the Internet Party, the largest personal contribution to a political party on record in New Zealand, according to the national Electoral Commission. "I take full responsibility for this loss tonight", Dotcom told reporters as election results became clear, "because the brand—the brand Kim Dotcom—was poison for what we were trying to achieve". The Serious Fraud Office investigated the email and determined that it was a forgery.

The media criticised Dotcom for "failing to deliver" at the Moment of Truth after saying for three years that he could prove John Key had lied in relation to his copyright case. After the election, in which the Internet Mana alliance failed to win a seat, public support for Dotcom seemed to dissipate. Dotcom said in January 2015 he had become such "a pariah" in New Zealand that he might as well leave the country.

2017 general election
The party remained leaderless until 8 February 2017, when Suzie Dawson was appointed as its new leader for the 2017 general election. The Mana connection was dropped and the party contended as the single entity the Internet Party. The Internet Party ran 8 party list candidates. The party won only 499 votes (0.0%) and failed to win any seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives.

The Internet Party was deregistered on 12 June 2018 because its membership had dropped below the 500 required for registration.

District court
After three years' legal wrangling, involving two supreme court cases and 10 separate delays in the proceedings, extradition proceedings finally got underway in an Auckland court on 21 September 2015.

The wrangling continued at the hearing with Dotcom and his colleagues saying that they were unable to present a proper defence because the US had threatened to seize any funds they try to spend on international experts in Internet copyright issues. Dotcom's American lawyer, Ira Rothken, said they would need about US$500,000 to get evidence from the appropriate experts. Harvard Law professor Lawrence Lessig, an international expert in copyright and fair use, provided his written opinion for free. He said there were no legal grounds to extradite Dotcom and the allegations and evidence made public by the US Department of Justice "do not meet the requirements necessary to support a prima facie case that would be recognised by United States federal law".

Once the hearing finally got under way, Crown prosecutor Christine Gordon, on behalf of the US Government, called it a "simple scheme of fraud". Defence Lawyer Ron Mansfield's 300-page submission began with the argument that the case should be thrown out because the United States Supreme Court ruled in a parallel case in 1982 that copyright infringement was a civil matter and could not be prosecuted as criminal fraud.

The Crown also made numerous references to intercepted Skype conversations between Dotcom and his co-defendants. Christine Gordon said one message written by Dotcom, when translated from German, read: "At some point a judge will be convinced about how evil we are and then we are in trouble." Mr Mansfield said this sentence was used repeatedly by Ms Gordon during her submission "with the knowledge that it would make international media headlines". Mansfield had the passage translated by three independent academics who said it had a very different meaning and should read: "At some stage a judge will be talked into how bad we allegedly are and then it will be a mess."

On 23 December 2015, North Shore District Court Judge Nevin Dawson announced that Dotcom and the three other Megaupload co-founders were eligible for extradition. He said the US had a "large body of evidence" which supported a prima facie case. An immediate appeal was lodged by Dotcom's lawyer.

High Court
In February 2017, the New Zealand High Court upheld the earlier decision of the district court that Dotcom and his three co-accused could be extradited to the United States. However, Justice Murray Gilbert accepted the argument made by Dotcom's legal team that he and his former Megaupload colleagues cannot be extradited because of copyright infringement. The judge said he made this decision because: "online communication of copyright protected works to the public is not a criminal offence in New Zealand". However, Justice Gilbert said there were "general criminal law fraud provisions" in New Zealand law which covered the actions of the accused and they could be extradited on that basis.

Dotcom saw this decision as a major victory saying: "The major part of this litigation has been won by this judgement - that copyright is not extraditable." The ruling opened the door to further appeals because the warrant which was served on him when he was arrested on 20 January 2012, stated he was being charged specifically with "copyright" offences. Both sides are expected to challenge aspects of the ruling before the New Zealand Court of Appeal and eventually the Supreme Court.

Court of Appeal
On 5 July 2018, the New Zealand Court of Appeal upheld the High Court's decision that Dotcom and the three co-accused could be extradited to the United States. In particular, the Court, disagreeing with Justice Gilbert, found that, even during the time of Megaupload's operations, it is a criminal offence in New Zealand to possess digital copyrighted works with an intention to disseminate them. Accordingly, Dotcom and his co-accused could be extradited on the basis of copyright infringement to stand trial in the United States. Dotcom's lawyer said that he would appeal the ruling to the Supreme Court. In June 2019, Dotcom began "a final appeal to halt his extradition from New Zealand to the US".

Supreme Court
On 4 November 2020, the Supreme Court of New Zealand ruled that Dotcom could be extradited to the United States to face 12 criminal copyright-related charges. However, the Supreme Court also ruled that he and three other co-defendants could challenge the decision through a judicial review. In addition, the Supreme Court ruled that the High Court and Court of Appeal had been wrong not to consider their application for a judicial review of the original district court decision in 2015 that had first ruled in favour of extradition. Dotcom's lawyer Ron Mansfield described the judgment as a "mixed bag", stating that the Supreme Court had accepted there were "serious procedural issues" while warning that the Court's rejection of Megaupload's "safe harbour" defence would have "an immediate and chilling impact" on the Internet.

The two executives charged for operating Megaupload along with Dotcom, namely Mathias Ortmann and Bram van der Kolk, agreed to a plea bargain with New Zealand and US prosecutors that June, and were sentenced to two years seven months and two years six months in a New Zealand prison respectively on 15 June 2023, leaving Dotcom as the only party still defending his innocence in the case.

The ultimate fate of Dotcom's extradition is yet to be determined, with analysts predicting his extradition case could continue without a final judgment for a further three to five years on from 2022.

Seth Rich conspiracy theory
In late May 2017, Dotcom posted statements on Twitter and his website claiming he worked with Seth Rich on the Internet Party and had proof that Rich was the source of the 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak. In tweets, Dotcom claimed to be involved with Seth Rich as WikiLeaks source. Dotcom said he was willing to provide written testimony to the US Congress and that he was willing to provide evidence to US special counsel Robert Mueller if his safe passage from New Zealand to the United States was guaranteed. Seth Rich's family issued a statement calling Dotcom's statements "ridiculous, manipulative, and non-credible" and their spokesman Brad Bauman tweeted to Dotcom that "you have an agenda or are a sociopath".

Dotcom tweeted an alleged FBI file about Seth Rich, warning that it might be fake. He later agreed it was fake, but said there was no need to delete the tweet since he had issued a warning soon after posting it that the file could be fake.

Seth Rich's Gmail account received an emailed invitation from Mega, a file sharing service started by Dotcom following the seizure of Megaupload, but for which he had not worked for years. According to experts and Rich's family, the emailed invitation from welcome@mega.nz appeared to be an attempt to access Rich's email. David Weigel of The Washington Post wrote that Rich's family "worried that Dotcom, or someone eager to prove him right, may have been willing to create a fake archive of emails from Rich, or crack a password to see whether Rich had passed on documents with a Mega account".

Support of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
During the Russo-Ukrainian War, Dotcom has repeatedly spread anti-Ukrainian falsehoods, and Russian government propaganda. Critics accuse him of spreading Russian Federation propaganda such as: claims of Nazism in Ukraine, Ukrainian attacks on Russian-speaking minority, and claims of American "biolaboratories" in Ukraine, and accusing the US of causing the Russian Federation's invasion of Ukraine.

Other activities
Following the September 11 attacks in the United States, Dotcom launched a group called Young Intelligent Hackers Against Terrorism (YIHAT). He said that he had hacked Sudanese bank accounts belonging to Osama bin Laden and offered a $10 million reward for information leading to Osama's capture on his now-defunct kimble.org site.

Dotcom participated in a mock funeral procession for public broadcaster TVNZ 7 in downtown Auckland, on the day of its final broadcast. He had warmed to one of its more notable shows, Media7, for its championing of Internet freedom and had been interviewed on the show at least once.

In February 2012, Lindsey Stirling released "Lord of The Rings Medley," a music video funded by Dotcom.

In June 2012, Dotcom announced the upcoming launch of Megabox, a music streaming service. That October, he said that Megabox would launch on 19 January 2013, the first anniversary of Megaupload's shutdown.

In August 2012, Dotcom teased an upcoming album with the release of a song titled Party Amplifier. Dotcom was already in the process of recording the album with friend and producer, Printz Board (who wrote Yes We Can for Barack Obama's 2008 election campaign), when he was arrested. Printz and Dotcom recorded more than 20 songs at Neil Finn's Roundhead Studios in Newton, Auckland – one of which is called Mr President – an electronica protest song against Barack Obama.

On 2 November, Dotcom announced a new file storage service, similar to Megaupload, using the domain name me.ga. It was to be launched 19 January 2013, but the African state of Gabon, which controls the .ga domain, cancelled the me.ga name on 6 November 2012. The site has since registered the names mega.co.nz and mega.net.nz. The new file hosting service offers file encryption to enhance user privacy and security. As a result of this encryption, Dotcom and mega.co.nz will not know of the content of the uploaded data, allowing for the claim of plausible deniability to be made should new charges arise. In January 2013, Dotcom offered a $13,500 reward to anyone able to defeat the site's security system.

Dotcom has been involved in the local community in Auckland. In December 2012, he announced that he would be playing the part of Santa Claus in the play MegaChristmas, run by Auckland's Basement Theatre. In a local ceremony on the first of that month, he turned on the Franklin Road Christmas lights and delivered a speech before the display.

On 4 September 2013, Kim Dotcom stepped down as director of Mega and announced he was working on a music streaming service called Baboom. Dotcom says it will be more advanced than Megabox.

On 10 September 2013, Dotcom announced that he would play 100 people in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 at New Zealand's first Digital Entertainment Expo.

On 25 December 2014, Dotcom helped stop the Christmas DDoS attacks on Xbox Live and PlayStation Network by giving Lizard Squad 3,000 $99 one year MEGA accounts which would then be converted to lifetime accounts worth approximately $300,000.

In 2017, the biographical documentary Kim Dotcom: Caught in the Web, directed by Annie Goldson, premiered at the New Zealand International Film Festival.

In November 2019, Kim Dotcom was going to launch his own cryptocurrency, but due to regulatory uncertainty, the offer was cancelled.

Singles

 * "Megaupload" (2011)
 * "Mr President" (2012)
 * "Precious" (2012)
 * "Good Life" (2016)

title: Kim Dotcom


text:
Adina Bastidas

Adina Mercedes Bastidas Castillo (born 11 June 1943) is a Venezuelan economist, formerly active in politics. She was appointed the vice president of Venezuela on 24 December 2000 by President Hugo Chávez, and served in the post until 13 January 2002, the first woman to hold the job in the country's history. She was later appointed Production and Commerce Minister.

Bastidas was also the Director for the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela at the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington, DC.

Views
According to the BBC, Bastidas is considered a controversial left winger; she is also considered a prominent critic of Venezuela's private sector. Her appointment as Commerce Minister, coming after weeks of protests against President Chávez's economic policies, was seen as a further radicalization of Chávez's government, according to the BBC. Chávez called her "a first class revolutionary," and deemed her work "exceptional."

At the Latin American and Caribbean Encounter on the Dialogue of Civilizations, held in Caracas on November 8, 2001, Bastidas said:
 * "The terrorism of the oppressed is a perverse and lamentable byproduct of a WASP dominance that has become unbearable for the most radical and violent of the subjugated peoples ... Supplications and reason will not suffice to impose dialogue on countries of the North. The South must achieve a capacity to unite, resist, and persevere until it attains a new world order that is truly an order, not an immense disorder, under the heavens."

Personal life
On 13 January 2015, Bastidas was subject to burglary and robbery at her penthouse in Caracas, as stated by her son on his Twitter account. She refused to make any public statements regarding the event.

title: Adina Bastidas