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Talk:Badly Drawn Boy

Viz
I thought he took his name from a Viz character? pomegranate 02:53, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)

I do believe he did. Badly Drawn Man, it was. I've seen it in outside sources, can't remember where, but [List of Viz comic Strips] has it. 209.6.170.137 03:13, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Actually the inspiration for his name came from the cartoon series 'Sam and the magic ball' because the main character Sam was drawn very badly!

 * I thought it had been taken from a cartoon in Select Magazine called "Badly Drawn Boy"

 * It wasn't in Viz, but I remember clearly there was definitely a character called BDB in one of the Viz copy comics in the late 80s/early 90s. Might have been Zit, or Smut, or UT, I forget which. Pollythewasp (talk) 12:30, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

 * This article states that his name was "inspired by a cartoon his little nephew had drawn": https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/jul/12/badly-drawn-boy-interview-hour-of-bewilderbeast-tour-damon-gough#img-2. Pyronite (talk) 19:26, 9 August 2017 (UTC)

Songs with links
While Badly Drawn Boy's good and all that, do all his songs deserve the links they have, all currently inactive but I presume with the idea that someone's going to actually creates pages for each single - I don't think any have been a big enough hit to be culturally important - unlike his albums, which have all been culturally important. But, maybe some BDB fan would object to this, so I've not changed it. Plinthnick 00:35, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

 * They (the singles wikilinks) are now removed, I notice. Derek R Bullamore 19:44, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Taja Sevelle incident
Shouldn't someone mention the Taja Sevelle incident?

 * What Taja Sevelle incident ?!? Derek R Bullamore 19:44, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

The Boss
The way that sentence in the trivia is written - "self-confessed" Springsteen fan - makes it sound as if that's something he should be ashamed of! Willnz0 22:24, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Birth
He was born in 1969, yet there's a link at the bottom for 1970's births. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.129.212.98 (talk • contribs)

I do remember that his year of birth used to be known as 1970; I don't know if this is a proper reference, but the NPG here : http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw64655/Badly-Drawn-Boy-Damon-Gough still says 1970. Ab930 (talk) 22:49, 7 February 2014 (UTC)

The change from 1970 to 1969 was made on 20 August 2006 19:45; no reference to ground this, but there was no reference for 1970 either. Might be worth to look at this again. Ab930 (talk) 22:58, 7 February 2014 (UTC)

Bolton or Dunstable
Someone has today changed BDB's city of origin from Dunstable to Bolton. Not being an expert, I don't know which is correct - but have made the b in Bolton a capital. Please note that it wasn't my original change, and if it's wrong then feel free to revert. Willnz0 19:33, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Sell-out
What a sell-out! Posing for Rolling Stone (cleaning up his grimy appearance), allowing his songs to be put into Hummer commercials? Badly Drawn Boy sucks and is getting worse. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mach Seventy (talk • contribs)

Fair use rationale for Image:BadlyDrawnBoylogo.png
Image:BadlyDrawnBoylogo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 18:52, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Trivia

 * He is patron of the charity Manchester Aid to Kosovo and on 31 January 2001, Gough bought his own hat at an auction, raising £1,500 for the charity.
 * In 1991 Gough attended Leeds College of Music and is featured in the College's Alumni.
 * Badly Drawn Boy sponsors Buxton Ladies FC.
 * Gough tried out for Manchester United having been captain of his local football team.
 * Badly Drawn Boy is a supporter of Manchester City Football Club.
 * Famously, Mark E Smith once hailed down Gough's car mistaking it for a taxi. Honourably Gough drove Smith home and was thanked later when Smith realised who he was. Smith also reportedly left his false teeth in the back of the car. Badly Drawn Boy later contributed to The Fall's song "Calendar".
 * The Fall also refer to a 'Badly Boy Drawn' with an 'acoustic case' in the 2002 track "Susan vs. Youth Club".
 * Gough is a Bruce Springsteen fan.
 * He is parodied in the adult comic Viz as "Badly Overdrawn Boy", a pop singer who fails to sell any records and resorts to busking outside his local bank.
 * He was once almost denied entry to the bar at the Sanderson Hotel for his scruffy appearance.
 * For the video for the single "All Possibilities" Damon busked outside Waterloo Station for 8 hours, earning £13.74.
 * Gough is well known for his eccentric dress and matching woolly hat. A reputation which earned him the title of "second worst pop outfit" in a Woolworths poll of 14,000 music fans in 2003.
 * "Silent Sigh" is the theme song for the BBC's One Life series.
 * "Dead Duck" is the theme to the BBC's 'Digital TV' awareness adverts.
 * "You Were Right" is the theme song for the Swedish TV show "Gomorron Sverige".
 * "All Possibilities" was the theme song (and slogan) for one of U.S. retailer Target's advertisement campaigns. The same song is also currently being used in an ad campaign by the UK electrical retailer, Comet.
 * Is a fan of Jeff Buckley; he is seen discussing his views on the late singer on the BBC Documentary "Everybody Here Wants You".
 * Gough is a self-confessed Pot Noodle addict.
 * Gough is a Pixies fan and is interviewed for their 'Gouge' documentary.
 * He was featured in the style section of the Rolling Stone Magazine in their 15 November 2006 issue.
 * Badly Drawn Boy was among numerous artists who performed at the Tsunami Relief Cardiff concert in January 2005 to raise money for the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake.
 * He resides in a suburban area south-west of Manchester called Chorlton-cum-Hardy.
 * He asked the audience at the Tsunami Relief Cardiff for a Mexican Wave which many people frowned upon, considering the cause of the concert.
 * Gough has expressed public disapproval of the "Rick Roll" internet joke.

Trivia from article. -- Soetermans |  is listening  |  what he'd do now?  12:42, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Badly Drawn Boy


text: User talk:66.30.200.80

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:66.30.200.80


text: User talk:172.144.1.185

title: User talk:172.144.1.185


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Wikipedia:Peer review/Monty Hall problem/archive1

Monty Hall problem
The conclusions drawn in the article appear to be based on a misunderstanding or misstatement of the factors involved. There's no edit war (yet) but the last two items in the talk section are verging on the acrimonious.

Mathematicians particularly encouraged.

 * The disputation of the conclusions drawn in the article are quite clearly based on ignoring information stated in the first paragraph of the article, namely, that a party in the problem who is removing incorrect choices the player might otherwise make knows they are incorrect choices -- he is not randomly picking choices to remove which only happen to be incorrect choices. Acrimony is because the only disputant is basing his disputation on non-facts which reading the problem statement would make very clear are non-facts and yet insists he is not trolling. -- Antaeus Feldspar 04:17, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The problem statement is ambiguous. Someone needs to adjust it so that it describes a game in which the host always opens a door that the contestant did not pick.  Leaving this constraint out admits the possibility that the two are playing a game in which the host sometimes opens the same door that the contestant picked.  For example, he may have chosen the door to open at random among all three doors, or at random between the two doors with goats.  These seem to be the games that some reviewers have in mind, when they conclude that the two remaining doors are equally likely to conceal the car. -- Wmarkham

 * "... after Jane has selected a door but before she actually opens it, the host (who knows what is behind each door) opens one of the other doors ..." How is "one of the other doors" ambiguous?  How does it admit the possibility of the host choosing to open the same door that the contestant picked? -- Antaeus Feldspar 23:30, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

 * It is ambiguous as to whether or not the host will always do this, when the game is played multiple times. Probabilities can only be interpreted in the context of a repeatable process.  The question does not clearly describe any particular repeatable process.  One way to construct one from the question, as stated, is to suppose that every time the game is played, the host will choose another door, and that that in doing so, he will reveal a goat.  However, this is not the only possible game.

 * The fact that some people interpret the question differently than you do is the very definition of ambiguity. -- Wmarkham 23:37, 3 May 2005 (UTC)


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title: Talk:Gdańsk (disambiguation)


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User:JohnOwens/Copyrights

Licensing
All contributions of my own work (i.e., excluding only a few photographs snarfed from web sites) excluding items in the User:JohnOwens "namespace" (or whatever the proper term might be) are available under any or all of the following licenses unless stated otherwise:

GNU Free Documentation License: Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License: BSD License: Lesser General Public License:

title: User:JohnOwens/Copyrights


text:
Dorianne Laux

Dorianne Laux (born January 10, 1952, in Augusta, Maine) is an American poet.

Biography
Laux worked as a sanatorium cook, a gas station manager, and a maid before receiving a B.A. in English from Mills College in 1988.

Laux taught at the University of Oregon. She is a professor at North Carolina State University’s creative writing program, and the MFA in Writing Program at Pacific University. She is also a contributing editor at The Alaska Quarterly Review.

Her work appeared in American Poetry Review, Kenyon Review, Ms., Orion, Ploughshares, and Zyzzyva.

Laux lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, with her husband, poet Joseph Millar. She has one daughter.

Awards

 * Pulitzer Prize finalist for Only As the Day is Long: New and Selected Poems
 * The Paterson Prize for The Book of Men
 * The Roanoke-Chowan Award for The Book of Men
 * Pushcart Prize
 * Two fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts
 * The Best American Poetry 1999
 * The Best American Poetry 2006
 * The Best American Poetry 2013
 * The Best American Poetry 2017
 * Guggenheim Fellowship
 * Oregon Book Award for Facts about the Moon, selected by Ai
 * 2006 Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize shortlisted for Facts about the Moon
 * National Book Critics Circle Award finalist for What We Carry

Works

 * re-issued by Eastern Washington University Press
 * Superman: The Chapbook Red Dragonfly Press January 2008
 * Dark Charms Red Dragonfly Press 2010
 * The Book of Women, Red Dragonfly Press 2012 ISBN 9781937693046
 * Ce que nous portons, Translation of What We Carry by Hélène Cardona, Editions du Cygne 2014 ISBN 978-2-84924-377-0
 * Only As the Day Is Long: New and Selected Poems, W. W. Norton 2019 ISBN 978-0393652338
 * The Book of Women, Red Dragonfly Press 2012 ISBN 9781937693046
 * Ce que nous portons, Translation of What We Carry by Hélène Cardona, Editions du Cygne 2014 ISBN 978-2-84924-377-0
 * Only As the Day Is Long: New and Selected Poems, W. W. Norton 2019 ISBN 978-0393652338
 * Only As the Day Is Long: New and Selected Poems, W. W. Norton 2019 ISBN 978-0393652338

Anthologies

 * Best of The American Poetry Review
 * The Norton Anthology of Modern and Contemporary Poetry
 * four citations in Best American Poetry.

Performance

 * The Poetry Brothel The Poetry Society of New York''

title: Dorianne Laux


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The State Journal (West Virginia)

The State Journal is a weekly newspaper based in Charleston, West Virginia, and published by NCWV Media. It is the only newspaper with political and general news content distributed throughout the state of West Virginia.

History
The State Journal was founded as a business newspaper in 1984, containing business news and editorials on business subjects. In 2002, the newspaper was acquired by West Virginia Media Holdings, which greatly expanded the operating budget of the newspaper. It then began to also cover legal and government news and introduce conservative editorial content on subjects other than business.

West Virginia Media Holdings would later sell the paper to NCWV Media in December 2016.

title: The State Journal (West Virginia)


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Talk:Flying Daggers

Related movie?
Is this related to the 2004 Chinese film Shi mian mai fu? --Error 03:06, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * NoKTo288 23:30, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

Rationalisation
If there is no disagreement, I'd like to reformat this article to cover both the book and the TV series as has been done with The Legendary Twins.KTo288 23:30, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Flying Daggers


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Cat anatomy

Cat anatomy comprises the anatomical studies of the visible parts of the body of a domestic cat, which are similar to those of other members of the genus Felis.

Permanent dentition teeth
Cats are carnivores that have highly specialized teeth. There are four types of permanent dentition teeth that structure the mouth: twelve incisors, four canines, ten premolars and four molars. The premolar and first molar are located on each side of the mouth that together are called the carnassial pair. The carnassial pair specialize in cutting food and are parallel to the jaw. The incisors located in the front section of the lower and upper mouth are small, narrow, and have a single root. They are used for grasping and biting food.

Deciduous dentition teeth
A cat also has a deciduous dentition prior to the formation of the permanent one. This dentition emerges seven days after birth and it is composed of 26 teeth with slight differences. The mouth will have smaller incisors, slender and strongly curved upper canines, vertical lower canines, and even smaller upper and lower molars. Although the upper and lower molars are smaller than the ones that arise during permanent dentition, the similarities are striking.

Tongue
The cat's tongue is covered in a mucous membrane and the dorsal aspect has 5 types of sharp spines, or papillae. The 5 papillae are filiform, fungiform, foliate, vallate, and conical. A cat's sense of smell and taste work closely together, having a vomeronasal organ that allows them to use their tongue as scent tasters, while its longitudinal, transverse, and vertical intrinsic muscles aid in movement.

Ears

Like dogs, cats have sensitive ears that can move independently of each other. Because of this mobility, a cat can move its body in one direction and point its ears in another direction. The rostral, caudal, dorsal, and ventral auricular muscle groups of each ear comprise fifteen muscles that are responsible for this ability. Most cats have straight ears pointing upward. Unlike with dogs, flap-eared breeds are extremely rare (Scottish Folds have one such exceptional mutation). When angry or frightened, a cat will lay back its ears to accompany the growling or hissing sounds it makes. Cats also turn their ears back when they are playing or to listen to a sound coming from behind them. The fold of skin forming a pouch on the lower posterior part of the ear, known as Henry's pocket, is usually prominent in a cat's ear. Its function is unknown, though it may assist in filtering sounds.

Nose
Cats are highly territorial, and secretion of odors plays a major role in cat communication. The nose helps cats to identify territories, other cats and mates, to locate food, and has various other uses. A cat's sense of smell is believed to be about fourteen times more sensitive than that of humans. The rhinarium (the leathery part of the nose we see) is quite tough, to allow it to absorb rather rough treatment sometimes. The color varies according to the genotype (genetic makeup) of the cat. A cat's skin has the same color as the fur, but the color of the nose leather is probably dictated by a dedicated gene. Cats with white fur have skin susceptible to damage by ultraviolet light, which may cause cancer. Extra care is required when outside in the hot sun.

Legs
Cats are digitigrades, which means that they walk on their toes, just like dogs. The advantage of this is that cats (and other digitigrades) are more agile than other animals. Most animals have ground reaction forces (GRFs) at around two to three times their body weight per limb. But digitigrades have a higher GRF than other animals due to the increased weight on a smaller surface area, which would be about six times their body weight per limb.

Toe tufts are commonly found on cats with medium to long coats. Clumps of fur that stick out at least 1–2 cm beyond the paw pad can be considered tufts. In addition to soft paw pads, toe tufts help a cat to silently stalk its prey by muffling excess noise. However, outdoor cats tend to lose their toe tufts due to excessive abrasion on the rougher outdoor surfaces. This is in distinct contrast to indoor cats, who spend most of their time walking on carpet or smooth floors.

Cats are also able to walk very precisely. Adult cats walk with a "four-beat gait", meaning that each foot does not step on the same spot as any other. Whether they walk fast or slowly, a cat's walk is considered symmetric because the right limbs imitate the position of the left limbs as they walk. This type of locomotion provides a sense of touch on all four paws that is necessary for precise coordination.

The cat's vertebrae are held by muscles rather than by ligaments, like humans. This contributes to the cat's elasticity and ability to elongate and contract their back by curving it upwards or oscillating it along their vertebral line.

Cats are also able to jump from greater heights without serious injury, due to the efficient performance of their limbs and ability to control impact forces. In this case, hindlimbs are able to absorb more shock and energy in comparison to the forelimbs, when jumping from surface to surface, as well as steer the cat for weight-bearing and breaking.

Claws
Like nearly all members of the family Felidae, cats have protractable claws. In their normal, relaxed position, the claws are sheathed with the skin and fur around the toe pads. This keeps the claws sharp by preventing wear from contact with the ground and allows the silent stalking of prey. The claws on the forefeet are typically sharper than those on the hind feet. Cats can voluntarily extend their claws on one or more paws. They may extend their claws in hunting or self-defense, climbing, "kneading", or for extra traction on soft surfaces (bedspreads, thick rugs, skin, etc.). It is also possible to make a cooperative cat extend its claws by carefully pressing both the top and bottom of the paw. The curved claws can become entangled in carpet or thick fabric, which can cause injury if the cat is unable to free itself.

Most cats have a total of 18 digits and claws: 5 on each forefoot (the 1st digit being the dewclaw), and 4 on each hind foot. The dewclaw is located high on the foreleg, is not in contact with the ground and is non-weight bearing.

Some cats can have more than 18 digits, due to a common mutation called polydactyly or polydactylism, which can result in five to seven toes per paw.

Temperature and heart rate
The normal body temperature of a cat is between 38.3 and 39.0 °C. A cat is considered febrile (hyperthermic) if it has a temperature of 39.5 °C or greater, or hypothermic if less than 37.5 °C. For comparison, humans have an average body temperature of about 98.6 °F. A domestic cat's normal heart rate ranges from 140 to 220 beats per minute (bpm), and is largely dependent on how excited the cat is. For a cat at rest, the average heart rate usually is between 150 and 180 bpm, more than twice that of a human, which averages 70 bpm. However, it has been monitored in the wild that cats are often running at higher daily temperatures in order to properly operate and when night falls we see a larger decrease in their body temperature when compared to other cats that might inhabit indoors. The reading on a group of stray cats that was observed in Australia showed a more robust circadian rhythm than a regular house cat.

Skin
Cats possess rather loose skin, which allows them to turn and confront a predator or another cat in a fight, even when it has a grip on them. This is also an advantage for veterinary purposes, as it simplifies injections. In fact, the lives of cats with chronic kidney disease can sometimes be extended for years by the regular injection of large volumes of fluid subcutaneously.

Scruff
The particularly loose skin at the back of the neck is known as the scruff, and is the area by which a mother cat grips her kittens to carry them. As a result, cats tend to become quiet and passive when gripped there. This behavior also extends into adulthood, when a male will grab the female by the scruff to immobilize her while he mounts, and to prevent her from running away as the mating process takes place.

This technique can be useful when attempting to treat or move an uncooperative cat; however, since an adult cat is heavier than a kitten, a pet cat should never be carried by the scruff, but should instead have its weight supported at the rump and hind legs, and at the chest and front paws.

Primordial pouches
The primordial pouch, sometimes referred to as "spay sway" by owners who notice it once the cat has been spayed or neutered, is hereditary in some cats. It is located on a cat's belly. Its appearance is similar to a loose flap of skin that might occur if the cat had been overweight and had then lost weight. It provides a little extra protection against kicks, which are common during cat fights as a cat will try to rake with its rear claws. In wild cats, the ancestors of domesticated felines, this pouch appears to be present to provide extra room in case the animal has the opportunity to eat a large meal and the stomach needs to expand. This stomach pouch also allows the cat to bend and expand, allowing for faster running and higher jumping.

Skeleton
[[File:Skeleton diagram of a cat.svg|thumb|300px|Diagram of the skeleton of a cat

1. Cervical or neck bones (7 in number).

2. Dorsal or thoracic bones (13 in number, each bearing a rib).

3. Lumbar bones (7 in number).

4. Sacral bones (3 in number).

5. Caudal or tail bones (19 to 21 in number). 1. Cranium, or skull.

2. Mandible, or lower jaw.

3. Scapula, or shoulder-blade.

4. Sternum, or breast-bone.

5. Humerus.

6. Radius.

7. Phalanges of the toes.

8. Metacarpal bones.

9. Carpal or wrist-bones.

10. Ulna.

11. Ribs.

12. Patella, or knee-cap.

13. Tibia.

14. Metatarsal bones.

15. Tarsal bones.

16. Fibula.

17. Femur, or thigh-bone.

18. Pelvis, or hip-bone.]] Cats have seven cervical vertebrae like almost all mammals, thirteen thoracic vertebrae (humans have twelve), seven lumbar vertebrae (humans have five), three sacral vertebrae (humans have five because of their bipedal posture), and, except for Manx cats and other shorter tailed cats, twenty-two or twenty-three caudal vertebrae (humans have three to five, fused into an internal coccyx). The extra lumbar and thoracic vertebrae account for the cat's enhanced spinal mobility and flexibility, compared to humans. The caudal vertebrae form the tail, used by the cat as a counterbalance to the body during quick movements. Between their vertebrae, they have elastic discs, useful for cushioning the jump landings.

Unlike human arms, cat forelimbs are attached to the shoulder by free-floating clavicle bones, which allows them to pass their body through any space into which they can fit their heads.

Skull
The cat skull is unusual among mammals in having very large eye sockets and a powerful and specialized jaw. Compared to other felines, domestic cats have narrowly spaced canine teeth, adapted to their preferred prey of small rodents.

Spine
A cat's spine can rotate more than the spines of most other animals, and their vertebrae have a special, flexible, elastic cushioning on the disks, which gives it even more flexibility. A flexible spine also contributes to the speed and grace of cats.

Internal abdominal oblique
This muscle's origin is the lumbodorsal fascia and ribs. Its insertion is at the pubis and linea alba (via aponeurosis), and its action is the compression of abdominal contents. It also laterally flexes and rotates the vertebral column.

Transversus abdominis
This muscle is the innermost abdominal muscle. Its origin is the second sheet of the lumbodorsal fascia and the pelvic girdle and its insertion is the linea alba. Its action is the compression of the abdomen.

Rectus abdominis
This muscle is under the extensive aponeurosis situated on the ventral surface of the cat. Its fibers are extremely longitudinal, on each side of the linea alba. It is also traversed by the inscriptiones tendinae, or what others called myosepta.

Deltoid
The deltoid muscles lie just lateral to the trapezius muscles, originating from several fibers spanning the clavicle and scapula, converging to insert at the humerus. Anatomically, there are only two deltoids in the cat, the acromiodeltoid and the spinodeltoid. However, to conform to human anatomy standards, the clavobrachialis is now also considered a deltoid and is commonly referred to as the clavodeltoid.

Acromiodeltoid
The acromiodeltoid is the shortest of the deltoid muscles. It lies lateral to (to the side of) the clavodeltoid, and in a more husky cat it can only be seen by lifting or reflecting the clavodeltoid. It originates at the acromion process and inserts at the deltoid ridge. When contracted, it raises and rotates the humerus outward.

Spinodeltoid
A stout and short muscle lying posterior to the acromiodeltoid. It lies along the lower border of the scapula, and it passes through the upper forelimb, across the upper end of muscles of the upper forelimb. It originates at the spine of the scapula and inserts at the deltoid ridge. Its action is to raise and rotate the humerus outward.

Masseter
The Masseter is a great, powerful, and very thick muscle covered by a tough, shining fascia lying ventral to the zygomatic arch, which is its origin. It inserts into the posterior half of the lateral surface of the mandible. Its action is the elevation of the mandible (closing of the jaw).

Temporalis
The temporalis is a great mass of mandibular muscle, and is also covered by a tough and shiny fascia. It lies dorsal to the zygomatic arch and fills the temporal fossa of the skull. It arises from the side of the skull and inserts into the coronoid process of the mandible. It too, elevates the jaw.

Ocular
Cats have three eyelids. The cat's third eyelid is known as the nictitating membrane. It is located in the inner corner of the eye, which is also covered by conjunctiva. In healthy cats, the conjunctiva of the eyelids is not readily visible and has a pale, pink color.

Integumental
The two main integumental muscles of a cat are the platysma and the cutaneous maximus. The cutaneous maximus covers the dorsal region of the cat and allows it to shake its skin. The platysma covers the neck and allows the cat to stretch the skin over the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles.

Rhomboideus
The rhomboideus is a thick, large muscle below the trapezius muscles. It extends from the vertebral border of the scapula to the mid-dorsal line. Its origin is from the neural spines of the first four thoracic vertebrae, and its insertion is at the vertebral border of the scapula. Its action is to draw the scapula to the dorsal.

Rhomboideus capitis
The Rhomboideus capitis is the most cranial of the deeper muscles. It is underneath the clavotrapezius. Its origin is the superior nuchal line, and its insertion is at the scapula. Action draws scapula cranially.

Splenius
The Splenius is the most superficial of all the deep muscles. It is a thin, broad sheet of muscle underneath the clavotrapezius and deflecting it. It is crossed also by the rhomboideus capitis. Its origin is the mid-dorsal line of the neck and fascia. The insertion is the superior nuchal line and atlas. It raises or turns the head.

Serratus ventralis
The serratus ventralis is exposed by cutting the wing-like latissimus dorsi. The said muscle is covered entirely by adipose tissue. The origin is from the first nine or ten ribs and from part of the cervical vertebrae.

Serratus Dorsalis
The serratus dorsalis is medial to both the scapula and the serratus ventralis. Its origin is via aponeurosis following the length of the mid-dorsal line, and its insertion is the dorsal portion of the last ribs. Its action is to depress and retracts the ribs during breathing.

Intercostals
The intercostals are a set of muscles sandwiched among the ribs. They interconnect ribs, and are therefore the primary respiratory skeletal muscles. They are divided into the external and the internal subscapularis. The origin and insertion are in the ribs. The intercostals pull the ribs backwards or forwards.

Caudofemoralis
The caudofemoralis is a muscle found in the pelvic limb. The Caudofemoralis acts to flex the tail laterally to its respective side when the pelvic limb is bearing weight. When the pelvic limb is lifted off the ground, contraction of the caudofemoralis causes the limb to abduct and the shank to extend by extending the hip joint.

Pectoantebrachialis
Pectoantebrachialis muscle is just one-half-inch wide and is the most superficial in the pectoral muscles. Its origin is the manubrium of the sternum, and its insertion is in a flat tendon on the fascia of the proximal end of the ulna. Its action is to draw the forelimb towards the chest. There is no human equivalent.

Pectoralis major
The pectoralis major, also called pectoralis superficialis, is a broad triangular portion of the pectoralis muscle which is immediately below the pectoantebrachialis. It is smaller than the pectoralis minor muscle. Its origin is the sternum and median ventral raphe, and its insertion is at the humerus. Its action is to draw the forelimb towards the chest.

Pectoralis minor
The pectoralis minor muscle is larger than the pectoralis major. However, most of its anterior border is covered by the pectoralis major. Its origins are ribs three–five, and its insertion is the coracoid process of the scapula. Its actions are the tipping of the scapula and the elevation of ribs three–five.

Xiphihumeralis
The most posterior, flat, thin, and long strip of pectoral muscle is the xiphihumeralis. It is a band of parallel fibers that is found in felines but not in humans. Its origin is the xiphoid process of the sternum. The insertion is the humerus.

Trapezius
In the cat there are three thin flat muscles that cover the back, and to a lesser extent, the neck. They pull the scapula toward the mid-dorsal line, anteriorly, and posteriorly.

Clavotrapezius
The most anterior of the trapezius muscles, it is also the largest. Its fibers run obliquely to the ventral surface. Its origin is the superior nuchal line and median dorsal line and its insertion is the clavicle. Its action is to draw the clavicle dorsally and towards the head.

Acromiotrapezius
Acromiotrapezius is the middle trapezius muscle. It covers the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the scapula. Its origin is the neural spines of the cervical vertebrae and its insertion is in the metacromion process and fascia of the clavotrapezius. Its action is to draw the scapula to the dorsal, and hold the two scapula together.

Spinotrapezius
Spinotrapezius, also called thoracic trapezius, is the most posterior of the three. It is triangular shaped. Posterior to the acromiotrapezius and overlaps latissimus dorsi on the front. Its origin is the neural spines of the thoracic vertebrae and its insertion is the scapular fascia. Its action is to draw the scapula to the dorsal and caudal region.

Digestive system
The digestion system of cats begins with their sharp teeth and abrasive tongue papillae, which help them tear meat, which is most, if not all, of their diet. Cats naturally do not have a diet high in carbohydrates, and therefore, their saliva does not contain the enzyme amylase. Food moves from the mouth through the esophagus and into the stomach. The gastrointestinal tract of domestic cats contains a small cecum and unsacculated colon. The cecum while similar to dogs, does not have a coiled cecum.

The stomach of the cat can be divided into distinct regions of motor activity. The proximal end of the stomach relaxes when food is digested. While food is being digested this portion of the stomach either has rapid stationary contractions or a sustained tonic contraction of muscle. These different actions result in either the food being moved around or the food moving towards the distal portion of the stomach. The distal portion of the stomach undergoes rhythmic cycles of partial depolarization. This depolarization sensitizes muscle cells so they are more likely to contract. The stomach is not only a muscular structure, it also serves a chemical function by releasing hydrochloric acid and other digestive enzymes to break down food.

Food moves from the stomach into the small intestine. The first part of the small intestine is the duodenum. As food moves through the duodenum, it mixes with bile, a fluid that neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fat. The pancreas releases enzymes that aid in digestion so that nutrients can be broken down and pass through the intestinal mucosa into the blood and travel to the rest of the body. The pancreas does not produce starch processing enzymes because cats do not eat a diet high in carbohydrates. Since the cat digests low amounts of glucose, the pancreas uses amino acids to trigger insulin release instead.

Food then moves on to the jejunum. This is the most nutrient absorptive section of the small intestine. The liver regulates the level of nutrients absorbed into the blood system from the small intestine. From the jejunum, whatever food that has not been absorbed is sent to the ileum which connects to the large intestine. The first part of the large intestine is the cecum and the second portion is the colon. The large intestine reabsorbs water and forms fecal matter.

There are some things that cats are not able to digest. For example, cats clean themselves by licking their fur with their tongue, which causes them to swallow a lot of fur. This causes a build-up of fur in a cat's stomach and creates a mass of fur. This is often thrown up and is better known as a hairball.

The short length of the digestive tract of the cat causes cats' digestive system to weigh less than other species of animals, which allows cats to be active predators. While cats are well adapted to be predators they have a limited ability to regulate catabolic enzymes of amino acids meaning amino acids are constantly being destroyed and not absorbed. Therefore, cats require a higher protein proportion in their diet than many other species. Cats are not adapted to synthesize niacin from tryptophan and, because they are carnivores, cannot convert carotene to vitamin A, so eating plants while not harmful does not provide them nutrients.

Female genitalia
In the female cat, the genitalia includes the uterus, the vagina, the genital passages and teats. Together with the vulva, the vagina of the cat is involved in mating and provides a channel for newborns during parturition, or birth. The vagina is long and wide. Genital passages are the oviducts of the cat. They are short, narrow, and not very sinuous.

Male genitalia
In the male cat, the genitalia includes two testicles and the penis, which is covered with small spines.

Physiology
Cats are familiar and easily kept animals, and their physiology has been particularly well studied; it generally resembles those of other carnivorous mammals, but displays several unusual features probably attributable to cats' descent from desert-dwelling species.

Heat tolerance
Cats are able to tolerate quite high temperatures: Humans generally start to feel uncomfortable when their skin temperature passes about 38 °C, but cats show no discomfort until their skin reaches around 52 °C, and can tolerate temperatures of up to 56 °C if they have access to water.

Temperature regulation
Cats conserve heat by reducing the flow of blood to their skin and lose heat by evaporation through their mouths. Cats have minimal ability to sweat, with glands located primarily in their paw pads, and pant for heat relief only at very high temperatures (but may also pant when stressed). A cat's body temperature does not vary throughout the day; this is part of cats' general lack of circadian rhythms and may reflect their tendency to be active both during the day and at night.

Water conservation
Cats' feces are comparatively dry and their urine is highly concentrated, both of which are adaptations to allow cats to retain as much water as possible. Their kidneys are so efficient, they can survive on a diet consisting only of meat, with no additional water. They can tolerate high levels of salt only in combination with freshwater to prevent dehydration. Mature adult cats become dehydrated when they don't consume 60ml/kg a day, which could lead to health issues involving the bladder and kidneys. Feral cats get most of their water from consuming prey which contain high amounts of water, so they don't actually have to rely on drinking from a water source themselves. The same method is applied to domestic cats, with hydration coming from canned wet foods.

Ability to swim
While domestic cats are able to swim, they are generally reluctant to enter water as it quickly leads to exhaustion.

Noise
Cats living in human settlements are prone to environmental factors that increase cortisol levels. Cortisol is a stress hormone that impacts physiological aspects of the cats, for example loud sounds and tight spaces, subjection to other animals, unfamiliar people and places. Loud noises such as cars and alarms seem to have the largest impact on rising cortisol levels. High stress response in the body raises blood pressure and causes health issues in cats, such as cardiovascular functioning. A combination of this cardiovascular decline with other factors like obesity from inactive lifestyle and increased heat from urban heat affect can be dangerous for cats, shortening lifespan and quality of life.

Diet adaptation
Cats are innately carnivores and have a genetic tendency to hunt. They carry this trait with them despite environment. Feral cats are domestic but are born and live without much human contact, unlike a pet. Feral cats are closer to pre-industrial cats' lifestyle. Feral cats live off of a natural diet of prey, such as rodents and birds, rather than store-bought foods. This affect is shown in fatty-acid content within the body, with street cats having significantly lower amounts consumed. Consumption of microplastics, a post-industrial common occurrence, is predicted to cause tumors in tissues and blood clots in urban cats, but contents found in studies are conclusively insignificant, given cats' size affecting microplastic particle size consumption and relatively low consumption in general in comparison to humans, which bears little to no effect on cats, including no accumulation over time. This study showed that feral cats get most of their daily energy from protein (52%) and fat (46%), with only a tiny bit from non-fiber carbohydrates (2%). A recent study on what domestic cats choose to eat showed that they like about 52% of their energy from protein, 36% from fat, and 12% from carbs. These results are roughly similar to those for feral cats, suggesting that both domestic and feral prefer a diet close to that of their wild ancestors, though feral cats rely on prey available in their environments and not just processed food. The types of food animals eat play a big role in keeping their stomach's microbial population balanced. Studies have found that having a consistent and varied diet helps with this. When animals eat whole prey, like small animals with bones complete, they are able to extract nutrients from all of the body parts, such as cartilage and collagen. These things can boost gut health, help certain good bacteria grow, and support the immune system. This is different from eating foods mainly made from plants and cooked at high temperatures, which might not have the same benefits; this could be observed in the aforementioned difference in nutrient make up between stray/feral cats and domesticated cats.

Neutering and cortisol levels
Free-roaming cats that are neutered have lower cortisol levels and less aggressive behavior than cats that are unneutered. There seems to be a relationship between stress and aggression with neutering status, possible evolutionary instinctual drive.

title: Cat anatomy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sussex house

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:02, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Sussex house
Rambling from a student. POV, no real information. – flamurai (t) 03:08, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It reads like a personal essay. Zzyzx11 07:13, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV original research, school vanity. Megan1967 09:12, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, joke style; little of notable and verifiable facts. Mikkalai 20:52, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV. Audrey 02:28, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Ashina tribe

The Ashina (Middle Chinese: (Guangyun) ) were a Turkic tribe and the ruling dynasty of the Göktürks. This clan rose to prominence in the mid-6th century when the leader, Bumin Qaghan (died 552), revolted against the Rouran Khaganate. The two main branches of the family, one descended from Bumin and the other from his brother Istämi, ruled over the eastern and western parts of the Göktürk confederation, respectively, forming the First Turkic Khaganate (552–603).

Origin
Primary Chinese sources ascribed different origins to the Ashina tribe. Ashina were first attested to 439, as reported by the Book of Sui: on the 18th day of the 10th month, the Tuoba ruler Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei overthrew Juqu Mujian of the Northern Liang in eastern Gansu,  and 500 Ashina families fled northwest to the Rouran Khaganate near Gaochang. According to the Book of Zhou, History of the Northern Dynasties, and New Book of Tang, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation. but this is contested. Göktürks were also posited as having originated from an obscure Suo state (索國), north of the Xiongnu. According to the Book of Sui and the Tongdian, they were "mixed barbarians" (záhú) from Pingliang.

According to some researchers (Duan, Xue, Tang, and Lung) the Ashina tribe was descended from the Tiele confederation,   who were likewise associated with the Xiongnu. Like the Göktürks, the Tiele were probably one of many nomadic Turkic peoples on the steppe. However, Lee & Kuang (2017) state that Chinese histories did not describe the Ashina-led Göktürks as descending from the Dingling or belonging to the Tiele confederation.

Etymology
Several researchers, including Peter B. Golden, H. W. Haussig, S. G. Klyashtorny, Carter V. Findley, D. G. Savinov, B. A. Muratov, S. P. Guschin, and András Róna-Tas have posited that the term Ashina ultimately descends from an Indo-European source, possibly Tocharian or from one of the many Eastern Iranian tribal groups, such as the Saka and Wusun. Jonathan Ratcliffe supports this theory citing numerous academics that the Ashina ethnic core could have been Indo-Iranian culturally, speaking Sogdian or variant of Tocharian.

Carter V. Findley assumes that the name "Ashina" comes from one of the Saka languages of central Asia and means "blue" (which translates to Proto-Turkic *kȫk, whence Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰚 kök, and same in all Modern Turkic languages). The color blue is identified with the east, so that Göktürk, another name for the Turkic empire, meant the "Turks of the East"; meanwhile, Peter Benjamin Golden favours a more limited denotation of Göktürks as denoting only the Eastern Turks. This idea is seconded by Hungarian researcher András Róna-Tas, who finds it plausible "that we are dealing with a royal family and clan of Saka origin". Findley also said that the term böri, used to identify the ruler's retinue as 'wolves', probably also derived from one of the Iranian languages.

H. W. Haussig and S. G. Kljyashtorny suggest an association between the name and the compound "kindred of Ashin" ahşaẽna (in Old Persian). This is so even in East Turkestan; then the desired form would be in the Sogdian 'xs' yn' k (-әhšēnē) "blue, dark"; Khotan-Saka (Brahmi) āşşeiņa (-āşşena) "blue", where a long -ā- emerged as development ahş-> āşş-; in Tocharian A āśna- "blue, dark" (from Khotan-Saka and Sogdian). There is textual support for either of these versions in the Göktürk Orkhon inscriptions, in which the Göktürks are described as the "Blue Turks"; being descended from the marriage between Blue Sky and the Brown Earth.

According to Kuastornyj, the perfect translation of "Ashina" as an Indo-European word meaning "blue" indicates that the Türks of the First Turkic Khaganate period were aware of the non-Türkic origin of the name "Ashina", and of the dual ethnic origin of the early Türks. In the view of Louis Bazin, this knowledge was being suppressed in the Second Turkic Khaganate period by the Türkic nationalist policies of Bilge Qaghan.

The name "Ashina" was recorded in ancient Muslim chronicles in these forms: Aś(i)nas (al-Tabari), Ānsa (Hudud al-'Alam), Śaba (Ibn Khordadbeh), Śana, Śaya (Al-Masudi).

Alternative etymologies
Based on Chinese sources' testament that the Ashina, upon becoming the head of Göktürks, exhibited a tuğ banner with a wolf head over their gate in reminiscence of its origins, the name "Ashina" is translated by some researchers as "wolf", cf. Tuoba 叱奴 *čino, Middle Mongol činua, Khalkha čono. However, Golden contends that derivation from Mongolic is mistaken.

On the Khor-Asgat inscription, the form Ašїnas is written and is similar to the Sogdian form Ašinas from the Bugut and Karabalgasun steles and the Arabic forms Ašinās and Ašnās from medieval Islamic sources. Chinese editors usually avoided the coda /-s/. Takashi Ōsawa hypothtically derives the family name Ašїnas from their tribal ancestress's name *A-ši-na and the final element -as, which he explains as a plural suffix (similar to the Turkic Käŋäräs < Käŋär "(Kangar / Kangly)" + suffix -(ä)s) as proposed by Marquart, Melioranskii and others. He further links *A-ši-na to the Xiongnu title 閼氏, which was pronounced *′ât-zie in Late Middle Chinese, meant "wife of a ruler", and might be derived from *aš / eš, *azhi / *ezhi < *ašïn / *ešin, and *azhïn / *ezhin, further from Tungusic *Aši < *asun / *asi < *hasun < *khasu < *kasun < *katsun and Turko-Mongolic *Ači < ačun < *hatun < khatun < katun.

Legends
Chinese chroniclers recorded four origin tales, which Golden termed "Wolf Tale I", "Wolf Tale II", "Shemo (Žama) and the Deer Tale" and "Historical Account", of the Turks in dynasty histories and historical compilations "based on or copied from the same source(s) and repeated in later collections of historical tales".

 * Wolf Tale I: Ashina was one of ten sons born to a grey she-wolf (see: Asena) in the north of Gaochang.
 * Wolf Tale II: The ancestor of the Ashina was a man from the Suo nation (north of Xiongnu) whose mother was a lupine season goddess.
 * Shemo and the Deer Tale: The Ashina descended from a skilled archer named Shemo, who had once fallen in love with a sea goddess west of Ashide cave.
 * Historical Account: The Ashina were mixture stocks from the Pingliang commandery of eastern Gansu.

These stories were sometimes pieced together to form a chronologically coherent narrative of early Ashina history. However, as the Book of Zhou, the Book of Sui, and the Youyang Zazu were all written around the same time, during the early Tang dynasty, it is debatable whether they could truly be considered chronological or rather should be considered competing versions of the Ashina's origin. The record of Turks in Zhoushu (written in the first half of the seventh century) describes the use of gold by Turks around the mid-fifth century: "(The Turks) put gold sculpture of wolf head on their tuğ banner; their military men were called Fuli, that is, wolf in Chinese. It is because they are descendants of the wolf, and naming so is for not forgetting their ancestors."

According to Klyashtorny, the origin myth of Ashina shared similarities with the Wusun, although there is a significant difference that, whereas in the Wusun myth the wolf saves the ancestor of the tribe, it is not as in the case of the Turks. He also adds that Turk system of beliefs linking at least some sections of the Turk ruling class to the Sogdians and, beyond them, to the Wusun.

Funeral rite
The Chronicle of Northern Zhou describes the funeral rites of the Ashina. The deceased were laid to rest in a tent, and animals would be sacrificed around the tent. Relatives of the deceased would ride horses around the tent and ritualistically cut themselves about the face as a display of mourning, or "blood tears". The individual and their belongings would then be incinerated.

According to D. G. Savinov, no burials in South Siberia nor Central Asia that are fully consistent with the description of Ashina burials have been found.

According to D. G. Savinov this may be for several reasons:
 * 1) Göktürk burial sites in Central Asia and Southern Siberia are not yet open;
 * 2) The source is a compilation in character, and burial rituals and funeral cycle from various sources are listed in a unified manner;
 * 3) Göktürk funeral rites in the form in which they are recorded in written sources, developed later on the basis of the various components present in some of the archaeological sites of Southern Siberia of earlier Turkic cultures.

It is thought that the rite of cremation which was adopted by the ruling elite did not spread among the common people of the Qaganate. This may be attributed to the different ethnic origin of the ruling family.

Physical appearance

According to the Book of Zhou and History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was related to the "Yenisei Kyrgyz",  who resided near the Pamir mountains and are described as possessing red hair and blue eyes in the New Book of Tang (Xin Tangshu 217b.6147), a description previously used to describe the Wusun. However according to Lee & Kuang (2017), the Göktürks differed from the Qirghiz in their physiognomy and "no comparable depiction of the Kök Türks or Tiele is found in the official Chinese histories." Lee & Kuang state that the most likely explanation for the West Eurasian physiognomy of the Yenisei Kirghiz is a high frequency of the Eurasian Indo-European haplogroup R1a-Z93.

Muqan Qaghan, the third Qaghan of the First Turkic Khaganate, was described by Chinese authors as having an unusual appearance. He had eyes like "colored glazes", he had a red complexion, and his face was wide. However, a complete genetic analysis of Muqan Qaghan's daughter Empress Ashina (551–582) in 2023 by Xiaoming Yang et al. found nearly exclusively Ancient Northeast Asian ancestry (97,7%) next to minor West-Eurasian components (2,3%), and no Chinese ("Yellow River") admixture.

According to Chinese historian Xue Zongzheng, the original Ashina tribe members had physical features that were quite different from those of East Asian people. However, over time, members of the Ashina tribe intermarried with Chinese nobility, which shifted their physical appearance to a more East Asian one. According to Xue, having a physical appearance like a Sogdian was by the time of Qilibi Khan (Ashina Simo), an eighth generation descendant of Bumin Qaghan (founder of the First Turkic Khaganate), presented as a sign of mixed ancestry among the Ashina. This suggests that the transformation of the physical appearance of the Ashina tribe was almost complete by the mid-7th century AD. Both Shibi (609-619 AD) Khagan and Chuluo	(604-612 AD) Khagan were doubtful of Qilibi Khan being Ashina because he resembled a Sogdian more than a Tujue(Turk) and prevented him from being a shad.

Turkish historian Emel Esin noted that "the members of the Kök-Türk dynasty, and particularly Köl Tigin, had frankly Mongoloid features", probably as a result of repeated marriages. She also wrote that members of the Ashina tribe sought to marry Chinese nobles, "perhaps in the hope of finding an occasion to claim rulership over China, or because the high birth of the mother warranted seniority". Esin notes that the later depiction of an Ashina prince, the Bust of Kul Tigin, has an East Asian appearance.

Genetics
According to Canadian scholar Joo-Yup Lee, it is possible that the Ashina tribe belonged to the paternal haplogroup R1a1. The reasoning for this assumption is that the Ashina tribe was said to be closely related to the Yenisei Kirghiz people, and also to the Iranian Saka. The modern-day descendants of the Yenisei Kirghiz, the Kyrgyz people, have one of the highest frequencies of haplogroup R1a-Z93. This lineage believed to be associated with Indo-Iranians who migrated to the Altai region in the Bronze Age, and is carried by various Türkic groups. American historian Peter Golden has reported that Y-DNA genetic testing of the proposed descendants of the Ashina tribe does seem to confirm a link to the Indo-Iranians, emphasizing that "the Turks as a whole ‘were made up of heterogeneous and somatically dissimilar populations".

The first genetic analysis on an early royal Ashina member (Empress Ashina, the daughter of Mugan Khagan, second son of Bumin Khagan, the founder of the Göktürk Khaganate) in 2023 by Xiaoming Yang et al. found nearly exclusively Northeast Asian ancestry (97.7%) next to a minor West-Eurasian component (2.3%). The West-Eurasian component corresponded to a single admixture event (possibly Afanasievo-related) dating to around 1566 ± 396 years before Ashina's lifetime (ie dating to c. 1000 BC). The authors determined that Empress Ashina belonged to the North-East Asian mtDNA haplogroup F1d. The Ashina individual was found to be genetically closer to East Asians than Turkic groups and was genetically closest to post‐Iron Age Tungusic and Mongolic Steppe pastoralists, supporting the near-exclusively Northeast Asian origin of the Ashina tribe.

The ancient Türkic royal family of the Göktürk Khaganate was found to share genetic affinities to post-Iron Age Tungusic and Mongolic pastoralists, while having heterogeneous relationships towards various later Turkic-speaking groups, suggesting genetic heterogeneity and multiple sources of origin for the later populations of the Turkic empire. This shows that the Ashina lineage had a dominating contribution on Mongolic and Tungusic speakers but limited contribution on Turkic-speaking populations. According to the authors, these findings "once again validates a cultural diffusion model over a demic diffusion model for the spread of Turkic languages" and refutes "the western Eurasian origin and multiple origin hypotheses" in favor of an East Asian origin for the royal Ashina family.

Legacy
Members of the Ashina dynasty also ruled the Basmyls, and Karluk Yabghu's State; and possibly also Khazars  and Karakhanids (if the first Karakhanid ruler Bilge Kul Qadir Khan indeed descended from the Karluk Yabghus). According to some researchers, the Second Bulgarian Empire's Asen dynasty might be descendants of Ashina.

title: Ashina tribe


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Zoroastrian gods

 * Category listed for deletion on January 23, 2005 but no clear consensus. Marked as unresolved for now.

Category:Zoroastrian gods
Zosodada did an partial attempt to submit this deletion request to VfD, where it does not belong. His text is below. This is a pro-forma nomination by me, I don't know anything about this topic, so no vote. jni 16:30, 23 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Zoroastrianism is a monotheistic religion. The items listed here include Angra Mainyu and Soma as Z. "gods" which is equivalent to listing Satan and Holy Water in a category called "Christian gods" -- there's a serious systemic bias issue here dependent on a myopic concept of "gods"... Zosodada 20:47, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Of the three, I personally prefer 'Zoroastrian divinities' since that would allow some scattered half-para articles (eg Yazata) to have a proper home as well. But... the category really ought to be deleted. Fullstop 16:09, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * There are Christian gods, even if Christians are loathe to admit it. Roman Catholics have a whole pantheon of demi-gods called "saints", and Islamic-Judeo-Christian tradition has a race of dieties called "Angels". (Note, these beings serve the functions of dieties in other religions, so why aren't they gods?)
 * Because they aren't. Your argument makes about as much sense as saying "All U.S. Senators and all U.S. Congressional representatives should go in the category 'U.S. Presidents' because they are all Presidents even if Americans are loathe [sic] to admit it."
 * I agree this should be a delete. 132.205.45.110 18:47, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 132.205.45.110 erased my vote . --Gene s 10:55, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I did no such thing. Though I have noticed that Wikipedia software occassionally blows up in my face.
 * Rename to Category:Ahuras. -Sean Curtin 00:02, Jan 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename. Needs work but could be very useful.  Bacchiad 00:51, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Reposting erased vote. Merge with Category:Zoroastrianism. Also delete Category:Zoroastrian mythology. --Gene s 10:55, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- Naive cynic 21:49, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree completely with Zosodada, and find it hard to believe someone actually created this category in the first place. To keep those promoting the use of an alternate name happy, I suggest:
 * Zoroastrian theological pantheon (had 'God' implications, but they aren't so obvious)
 * Zoroastrian deities (more neutral).
 * Zoroastrian divinities (even more neutral).
 * ps: Angels are not deities. A deity is a god or goddess (lat: deus, God), while Angel comes from angelus, messenger. The wp:article clearly states that the a) "duties [of an Angel] are to assist and serve God", and b) "Most scholars now believe that humanity was first introduced to angelology [...] by the prophet Zoroaster" (no, I didn't write the article ;). According to the Random House dictionary, an Angel is "a celestial attendant of God." and further, "In medieval angelology, angels constituted the lowest of the nine celestial orders". Fullstop 16:30, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * "Zoroastrian gods" should not be merged with Category:Persian gods for the simple reason that Zoroastrianism (and Mazdayasniism) existed long before the Persian empire did. "Persian gods" itself is a rather peculiar category, since "Persian"(ism?) is not a religion. In fact, I suggest that category (along with Category:Persian goddesses and Category:Persian deities) be deleted too. Moreover, due to its age, Zoroastrianism (and Mazdayasniism) "share" quite a few divinities with the latter-day near-east religions. Heck, according to Persian mythology, Abraham read the Avesta while in the fire into which he was thrown by Nimrod], but that doesn't make the Avesta a Jewish book, does it? :) - [[User:Fullstop|Fullstop 17:34, 22 February 2006 (UTC)


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José María Olazábal

José María Olazábal Manterola (, ; born 5 February 1966) is a Spanish professional golfer from the Basque Country, Spain, who has enjoyed success on both the European Tour and the PGA Tour, and has won two major championships, both at The Masters.

In 2012 he captained Europe's Ryder Cup team to a narrow victory over the US, which seemed improbable at the start of the final day's play when the Europeans trailed 10–6. They came back to win 14½–13½.

Early life
Olazábal was born in Hondarribia, a town in the Basque Country of Spain, the day after the golf course Real Golf Club de San Sebastian opened next to his family's home. His father Gaspar succeeded his grandfather as greenskeeper at the golf club, where his mother also worked. Olazábal began to hit golf balls at age 2 with a shortened club, and at age 6 he could practice on the course in late afternoons.

Amateur career
As an amateur, he represented Spain on all levels. He represented Spain in competing in the Eisenhower Trophy at 16 years of age in 1982, and again two years later, in 1984.

In 1983, he won the Boys Amateur Championship at Glenbervie Golf Club, Scotland, and in 1984, he won The Amateur Championship at Formby Golf Club, Liverpool, England, at age 18, beating Colin Montgomerie 5 and 4 in the final. The year after, when he won the British Youths Open Amateur Championship, at Ganton Golf Club, England, he became the first player to have won the British Boy's, Youth's and Amateur titles in a career.

At the 1985 European Amateur Team Championship in Halmstad, Sweden, Olazabal made a hole-in-one at the 13th hole on his way to winning 3 and 2 against Colin Montgomerie in the semi-final between Spain and Scotland. However, Scotland went on to win the team tournament.

The month before his British Youths title, Olazábal, finished tied 25th and low amateur at the 1985 Open Championship in tough conditions at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, England.

Professional career
In his rookie professional season of 1986, he finished second on the European Tour Order of Merit aged 20. In his first nine seasons, he finished in the top 10 every year except two, including another second place in 1989. He was unable to play in 1996 due to a foot injury but he recovered and recorded further top 10 placings in the Order of Merit in 1997, 1999 and 2000.

He has won 23 career titles on the European Tour, which is ninth best all-time.

He was in the world top 10 for over 300 weeks between 1989 and 1995. Had Olazábal beaten Ian Woosnam at the 1991 Masters Tournament (he finished second) he would have become the World No. 1.

In 1990, Olazábal made a, at the time, rare visit to the PGA Tour, invited in a limited field to the NEC World Series of Golf at Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. He opened with a course record 61, continued with aggregate course and tournament records after every round and finished with an 18-under 262 total, 12 strokes ahead of second placed Lanny Wadkins. After congratulating Olazábal, Wadkins joked that he wished Olazábal back to Europe immediately.

Both of Olazábal's majors have come in the United States, namely The Masters in 1994 and 1999. These wins make him one of only two winners of the Amateur Championship since World War II to have gone on to win a professional major. He has been highly placed in The Masters on a number of other occasions. Olazábal shares the record for the lowest round in the PGA Championship (63), which he accomplished in the third round at Valhalla Golf Club in 2000.

In 2001, Olazábal began to play on the PGA Tour, while also retaining his membership of the European Tour. He had a solid year on the PGA Tour in 2002, when he won nearly $2 million and came 24th on the money list, but has not duplicated the success he enjoyed in Europe in the 1980s and 1990s. He has six career PGA Tour titles, five of them won before he became a full member of the Tour. In 2006, he made a return to the top 15 of the world rankings. Olazábal was a member of Europe's Ryder Cup team seven times from 1987 to 2006. He formed a famous partnership with fellow Spaniard Seve Ballesteros that spanned many years, and formed a similarly successful partnership with Sergio García in 2006.

Olazábal captained the European team at the 2012 Ryder Cup for the defence of the trophy at Medinah Country Club in Illinois. After his team went down 10–4 during the second day and 10–6 going into the last day, he helped engineer the greatest ever Ryder Cup comeback with the European team eventually winning by 14½ points to 13½. Olazábal was very emotional with the win, saying in an interview that that was his number one happiest golf moment and happiest moment of his life. The win was inspired by his late friend Seve Ballesteros, to whom he dedicated the win. He confirmed afterwards that he would not consider himself for captaincy in the next Ryder Cup.

Olazábal holds the world record distance for a completed putt. During the 1999 European Ryder Cup team's Concorde flight to the United States, he holed a putt which travelled the full length of the cabin. The ball was in motion for 26.17s, during which time the Concorde, at 1,270 mph, traveled 9.232 miles, beating U.S. golfer Brad Faxon's previous record of 8.5 miles, set in 1997.

Olazábal was elected to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2009 with 56% of the vote on the international ballot.

On 19 June 2013, Olazábal was presented with Spain's most prestigious sporting honor, the Prince of Asturias Award in recognition of his accomplishments as a player and leader of the 2012 Ryder Cup team. He is only the second golfer to be honored since the awards were launched in 1987; Seve Ballesteros was honored in 1989.

Amateur wins

 * 1982 Spanish Amateur Closed Championship
 * 1983 Italian Open Amateur Championship, Biarritz Cup, Spanish International Amateur Championship, Boys Amateur Championship, Spanish Amateur Closed Championship
 * 1984 The Amateur Championship, Belgian International Youths Championship, Spanish International Amateur Championship
 * 1985 British Youths Open Amateur Championship

PGA Tour wins (6)
PGA Tour playoff record (0–2)

European Tour wins (23)
1Co-sanctioned by the Asian PGA Tour

European Tour playoff record (2–2)

PGA of Japan Tour wins (2)
 * Note: The 1989 Visa Taiheiyo Club Masters was shortened to 54 holes due to rain.

Results timeline
Results not in chronological order in 2020. {{legend|lime|Win}} {{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} LA = Low amateur WD = Withdrew CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" indicates a tie for a place NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic

Summary

 * Most consecutive cuts made – 9 (1994 Open Championship – 1997 Open Championship)
 * Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (twice)

Results in The Players Championship
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the halfway cut "T" indicates a tie for a place

Results in World Golf Championships
1Cancelled due to 9/11 {{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play "T" = Tied NT = No tournament

Results in senior major championships
Results not in chronological order before 2022.

{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the halfway cut "T" indicates a tie for a place NT = no tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic

Team appearances
Amateur
 * Eisenhower Trophy (representing Spain): 1982, 1984
 * Jacques Léglise Trophy (representing the Continent of Europe): 1981, 1982, 1983
 * European Amateur Team Championship (representing Spain): 1983, 1985
 * European Youths' Team Championship (representing Spain): 1982, 1984
 * St Andrews Trophy (representing the Continent of Europe): 1984

Professional
 * Alfred Dunhill Cup (representing Spain): 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1998, 1999 (winners), 2000 (winners)
 * Four Tours World Championship (representing Europe): 1987, 1989
 * Ryder Cup (representing Europe): 1987 (winners), 1989 (tied; retained trophy), 1991, 1993, 1997 (winners), 1999, 2006 (winners), 2012 (winners, non-playing captain)
 * World Cup (representing Spain): 1989, 2000
 * Seve Trophy (representing Continental Europe): 2000 (winners), 2002, 2003, 2005 (playing captain), 2013 (winners, non-playing captain)
 * Royal Trophy (representing Europe): 2009 (non-playing captain), 2012 (playing captain), 2013 (non-playing captain)

title: José María Olazábal


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tardism

Blatant nonsense – unsigned comment by 196.3.56.100 (talk · contributions)
 * Speedy delete. – flamurai (t) 03:21, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tardism


text:
Bernard Trink

Bernard Trink (1931 – 6 October 2020) was a columnist for the Bangkok Post. A native New Yorker, Trink moved to Bangkok in the mid-1960s and taught English at various universities before taking over the "Nite Owl" column in 1966 at the now defunct Bangkok World, an English-language evening newspaper. Trink's popular "Nite Owl" column ran weekly for the next 37 years, covering Bangkok's seedier nighttime entertainment: go-go bars, nightclubs, pubs, and massage parlors. He also wrote restaurant reviews as Friar Tuck and did regular interviews, film and book reviews.

History
Trink first came to Asia as a G.I. during the Korean War. He then worked as a journalist in India, Hong Kong, and Japan before coming to Bangkok.

Originally, Trink's "Nite Owl" was an informative three page illustrated section that appeared in the World every Friday afternoon. When the newspaper was bought out and shut down by the Bangkok Post in the mid-1980s, Trink's column was shortened to just one page and the photographs were eliminated. The Post also restricted what Trink could write about and his column became tamer. However, he continued to have his dedicated fans and when the Bangkok Post tried to stop his column in the late-1990s, a letter-writing campaign persuaded the editor to change his mind. Nevertheless, the column was further reduced to just half of a page.

In December 2003, Trink's column was dropped without fanfare by a new editor, who decided it was time for Trink to go. There was no announcement that it was ending, nor any farewell party for the longtime columnist. The "Nite Owl" column simply stopped being published. Trink still wrote occasional book reviews for the Post and for a time had his own website, but he remained more or less retired after the end of the column.

In his columns, Trink was often critical of the city's seamier, sleazier nightlife and always warned foreign men about becoming romantically involved with bar girls, whom he held in low regard. He also spoke out for women's rights and against child prostitution, but his belief that HIV did not lead to AIDS brought him considerable criticism and may have contributed to the demise of his column.

Trink's columns were known for his "Trinkisms", neologisms or coded references that circumvented the restrictions imposed on writers of a family newspaper. Some of his coinages—such as "TIT" ('This is Thailand'), "which expats still use to explain away anything that baffles them about the country."

Trink is the subject of an unauthorized biography by Jennifer Bliss, called But, I Don't Give a Hoot, published by Post Books in 2000.

Bernard Trink died of a blood infection at Bangkok's King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital on 6 October 2020. He is survived by his wife, a son and a daughter.

title: Bernard Trink


text:
User:Djstimulant

DJ Stimulant

Victoria BC

title: User:Djstimulant


text:
Narriman Sadek

Narriman Sadek (ناريمان صادق; 31 October 1933 – 16 February 2005) was the daughter of Hussain Fahmi Sadiq Bey, a high-ranking official in the Egyptian government, and his wife Asila Kamil. She was the second wife of King Farouk and the last Queen of Egypt.

Life
Her father was Hussain Fahmi Sadiq Bey, Deputy Minister of Transportation. He was the son of Ali Sadiq Bey, one of the famous honorable personalities of Egypt at that time, and a son of Muhammad Sadek Pasha. The last position he occupied before his death was the Secretary General of the Ministry of Transportation. Her mother was Asila Khanum, daughter of Kamel Mahmoud, one of the famous honorable personalities of Minya Governorate.

Farouk divorced his first wife, Queen Farida, in 1948, after a ten-year marriage in which she had produced three daughters, but no male heir. In a bid to ensure his succession, and also to rekindle some public enthusiasm towards a decaying dynasty, he let it be known that he was in the market for a new bride, preferably an Egyptian, well-heeled but not of the aristocracy.

Queen
Known as the "Cinderella of the Nile" for her middle-class background, Narriman was selected in part as a populist gesture to prop up public opinion of the monarchy. She broke off her previous engagement to a Harvard doctoral student named Zaki Hashem and was sent to Egypt's embassy in Rome to learn how to perform her royal duties. While in Rome she assumed the identity of the ambassador's niece in order to hide the purpose of her presence. At the embassy she studied history, etiquette, and four European languages. Countess Layla Martly, one of the most cultured and experienced ladies in Europe, accompanied Narriman to teach her history, the general behavior, and etiquette of the Royal cortege. Narriman lived in Rome at the Egyptian embassy in villa Savoy, which was the previous house of the Italian Royal family that was living at that time in Alexandria. Also, as a consequence of the king's order that she return to Egypt weighing at most 50 kg, she was put on a strict weight-loss program. In May 1951, at the age of 17, she married Farouk, thus becoming Egypt's queen. The couple's wedding was lavish and extravagant. Narriman wore a bridal gown embroidered with 20,000 diamonds, and the two received many expensive presents. Those presents that were made of gold were subsequently secretly melted down into ingots.

On 16 January 1952, Narriman gave birth to their only son, Ahmed Fuad. Later that year, Farouk was forced to abdicate by the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. He was succeeded by his infant son, who assumed the throne as King Fuad II. Fuad's largely symbolic reign was cut short, however, with the establishment of a republic the following year.

Divorce
Following Farouk's abdication, the royal family went into exile (aboard the royal yacht "El-Mahrousa") in July 1952. Bored with the itinerant lifestyle and tired of Farouk's philandering, Narriman returned to Egypt with her mother, to her former position as a commoner. She divorced Farouk in February 1954.

On 3 May 1954, she married Adham al-Nakib of Alexandria, who had been Farouk's personal doctor. They had one son, Akram, and subsequently divorced in 1961.

In 1967, she married Ismail Fahmi, another medical practitioner. She lived in seclusion in the Cairo suburb of Heliopolis until her death.

Death
Nariman Fahmi died on 16 February 2005 in Dar al-Fouad hospital, on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt, after a brain hemorrhage. Her last years were spent in seclusion in an apartment in Cairo's upscale Heliopolis neighbourhood, where she lived with her husband, Ismail Fahmi.

Honours

 * EGY - Order of the Virtues - Supreme and first classes.svg Decoration of Al Kemal in brilliants (Egypt, 5 May 1951).

title: Narriman Sadek


text:
User talk:AllyUnion/AFD List

Notice: The VFD List will update automatically, every 30 minutes at 15 and 45 to the hour. It is not required for anyone to add their own VFD to the list. If there any problems with the list, please leave a note with the bot maintainer at User talk:AllyUnion -- AllyUnion (talk) 03:15, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:AllyUnion/AFD List


text:
Talk:Sella turcica

ISBN of reference
The ISBN of the book listed has another nubmer like "0805354638". Would anyone please help to indicate which on is good?

 * I just did a search on Google Books an found a book there with this ISBN: Human Anatomy & Physiology by Elaine Nicpon Marieb. On Wikipedia, just click the ISBN link in the article to get a list of online book databases. --Fama Clamosa (talk) 20:53, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

Picture of Pelvis
What does that have to do with this article? If it has something to do with it, there should be some indication as to what. If not, the picture shouldn't be here Friendly Person (talk) 18:22, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

 * There is no picture of a pelvis in this article. The first image, File:Gray145.png, is an image of the inside of the cranium viewed from above. --Fama Clamosa (talk) 20:53, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sella turcica


text:
User talk:Niffweed17

Archive 1, created 9/11/07

Socionics article
The article that you linked would indeed support that section except that it itself does not list any references. Its not really a secondary source. I understand your point about socionics not having many secondary sources yet, so if that page is all there is, it may have to work. WP:VER has some guidelines about what makes a verifiable source, but as with anything, there are always exceptions. --Chuck Sirloin 16:04, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Redirect of Aops
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Aops, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Aops is a redirect to a non-existent page (CSD R1). To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Aops, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. CSDWarnBot 13:30, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

New York City Meetup
The agenda for the next meetup includes the formation of a Wikimedia New York City local chapter. Hope to see you there! --Pharos 20:12, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

You're invited!
...to the next New York City Meetup!

In the morning, there are exciting plans for a behind-the-scenes guided tour of the American Museum of Natural History.

In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to discussing meta:Wikimedia New York City issues (see the last meeting's minutes).

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and (weather permitting) hold a late-night astronomy event at Columbia's telescopes.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list. This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 01:19, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

New mailing list
There has been a mailing list created for Wikipedians in the New York metropolitan area (list: Wikimedia NYC). Please consider joining it!  Cbrown1023   talk   21:25, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

You are invited!
In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to meta:Wikimedia New York City activities, and have salon-style group discussions on Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects (see the last meeting's minutes).

Well also make preparations for our exciting Wikipedia Takes Manhattan event, a free content photography contest for Columbia University students planned for Friday March 28 (about 2 weeks after our meeting).

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and (weather permitting) hold a late-night astronomy event at Columbia's telescopes.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

You're also invited to subscribe to the public Wikimedia New York City mailing list, which is a great way to receive timely updates. This has been an automated delivery because you were on the invite list. BrownBot (talk) 03:18, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

Stuyvesant High School has been nominated for a featured article review. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. Please leave your comments and help us to return the article to featured quality. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, articles are moved onto the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Remove" the article from featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. Reviewers' concerns are here.

AfD
Hi. You commented on a previous AfD debate on the article Hattrick. There is a new AfD here. Regards, Bastun BaStun not BaTsun 05:25, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

NYC Meetup: June 1, 2008
In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to meta:Wikimedia New York City activities, elect a board of directors, and hold salon-style group discussions on Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects (see the last meeting's minutes).

We'll also review our recent Wikipedia Takes Manhattan event, and make preparations for our exciting successor Wiki Week bonanza, being planned with Columbia University students for September or October.

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and (weather permitting) hold a late-night astronomy event at Columbia's telescopes.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

Also, check out our regional US Wikimedia chapters blog Wiki Northeast (and we're open to guest posts). This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 00:16, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

NYC Meetup: You are invited!
In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to meta:Wikimedia New York City activities, finalize and approve bylaws, interact with representatives from the Software Freedom Law Center, and hold salon-style group discussions on Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects (see the June meeting's minutes and the September meeting's minutes).

We'll also review our recent Wikis Take Manhattan event, and make preparations for our exciting successor Wikipedia Loves Art! bonanza, being planned with the Brooklyn Museum for February.

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and (weather permitting) hold a late-night astronomy event at Columbia's telescopes.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

To keep up-to-date on local events, you can also join our mailing list. This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 22:35, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

You're invited!
In the afternoon, we will hold a session dedicated to meta:Wikimedia New York City activities, look at our approval by the Chapters Committee, develop ideas for chapter projects at museums and libraries throughout our region, and hold salon-style group discussions on Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects (see the November meeting's minutes and the December mini-meetup's minutes).

We'll make preparations for our exciting museum photography Wikipedia Loves Art! February bonanza (on Flickr, on Facebook) with Shelley from the Brooklyn Museum and Alex from the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

We'll also be collecting folks to join our little Wikipedia Takes the Subway adventure which will be held the day after the meeting.

In the evening, we'll share dinner and chat at a local restaurant, and generally enjoy ourselves and kick back.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

To keep up-to-date on local events, you can also join our mailing list. This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 02:33, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

NYC Meetup: You're invited!
Join us the evenings of Friday February 6 and Saturday February 7 around Wikipedia Loves Art! museum photography events at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Brooklyn Museum.

There will also be a special business meeting on Saturday dedicated to discussing Wikimedia New York City issues with guests from the Wikimedia Foundation.

You can add or remove your name from the New York City Meetups invite list at Meetup/NYC/Invite list.

To keep up-to-date on local events, you can also join our mailing list. This has been automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 22:42, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

You're invited!
This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 19:37, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

Socionics deletion debate
It's a good exercise in the study of extremism. I'm thinking that Mango may respond to a request for mediation/negotiation. He's an extremist; that much is plain considering he's evidently not read the article or tried to understand it. He just sees it as "not notable" under his schema and that's that. I don't think he can enlarge his schema voluntarily... he must adopt it through some means or another.

It's just like how you tend to assume you're in opposition to someone on ethical grounds unless an outside party suggests otherwise. But in that case, I guess that other party wouldn't be allowed to take sides or, even have taken a side in the past...? Tcaudilllg (talk) 01:50, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

I also noticed, for the first time, that you're incorporating information from Wikisocion into the wiki articles here. That's against Wikipedia's guidelines, I think. Tcaudilllg (talk) 02:52, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

 * If you wrote those articles originally, then Wikisocion can't claim them, only the copies. Would you mind if I removed the Wikisocion notices? You've done a good job, BTW. Tcaudilllg (talk) 23:46, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

 * lets discuss this if and when they don't get deleted, because it looks like they will be. Niffweed17, Destroyer of Chickens (talk) 02:59, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Nah I think it'll pass. It's looking more and more like a "no consensus" vote. I've just got to rally people strongly enough that the admin in charge has to make a decision: do they keep their adminship, or do they lose it? But if it doesn't go our way then all hell will break lose between the inclusionists and the deletionists, because there will be an "admin war" between the two camps. The key is to mobilize the inclusionists, and with 1500 admins you can bet there are inclusionists out there. Tcaudilllg (talk) 10:24, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

 * there is no consensus between inclusionism and deletionism, nor is anyone going to go nuts over one article. either way, this discussion is both moot, and if not moot, likely to descend into an unresolvable argument. Niffweed17, Destroyer of Chickens (talk) 21:26, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Wswiki
Template:Wswiki has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you. Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 02:20, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

Revision to Sid Meier's Alien Crossfire and Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri articles
I noticed that you have revised either Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri or Sid Meier's Alien Crossfire.

I intend to revise those articles following the WikiProject Video games/Article guidelines. There are more details on the discussion pages of those articles. I'd be interested in any comments you have. It would be best if your comments were on the discussion pages of the two articles.

Thank you.

Vyeh (talk) 11:06, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Nontheism
See: Articles_for_deletion/Nontheism.

Greetings, I see that you have chosen to conspicuously identify as a "Nontheistic Wikipedian" Me too! Currently there is a proposal to delete the article Nontheism or merge and redirect it to Atheism. Greg Bard (talk) 22:28, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of PokerStars Big Game

The article PokerStars Big Game has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * no evidence

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. — RHaworth 10:27, 3 September 2010 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:EIE Model A
Template:EIE Model A has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Bulwersator (talk) 21:20, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:EII Model A
Template:EII Model A has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Bulwersator (talk) 21:20, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

Stuyvesant High School Featured Article Review
The Stuyvesant High School article has been listed at Featured Article Review at Featured article review/Stuyvesant High School/archive2. Concerns expressed by User:TenPoundHammer include: Editors are invited to address the issues in order to prevent this article from  being delisted from  FA.
 * Very many portions of the article are unsourced.
 * The article's structure is very sloppy, with loads of very short paragraphs and standalone sentences. A major copy edit is needed. (For instance, nearly every sentence in "History" begins with "In [year]…".)
 * Dubious lists ("Other publications" and "summary of floors") that are also unsourced.
 * Entirely unsourced segments ("SING!").
 * "In popular culture" is a mess of trivia.
 * Another editor also raised concern that some of the text seems promotional. I tagged at least one section ("strength in areas such as math and science").
 * I also see a very high number of primary sources.

As someone who was notified on previous FARs, I thought you might be interested. RossPatterson (talk) 22:51, 6 August 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Niffweed17


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Richard callaghan

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 06:13, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Richard callaghan
Longwinded whimsy about a non-notable 17-year-old. -- Hoary 03:17, 2005 Feb 18 (UTC)

Note: 62.252.128.25 removed this comment of mine and the votes below by flamurai, Zzyzx11, Megan1967, and Andrew Lenahan, replacing these with pseudonymous keep votes. -- Hoary 03:08, 2005 Feb 20 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. – flamurai (t) 03:36, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable and reads like a personal essay. Zzyzx11 07:20, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 09:17, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 11:23, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think its quite good, and to say its a non notable person is a little rude, especially when you can't read properly to get his age wrong - Larsson ...added between 00:13 and 00:33, 2005 Feb 20 by 62.252.128.25 (who deleted all preceding comments and votes)
 * Agree with the sentiments shown above. To discard this person as non notable just because you yourself dont know anything about them is ignorant. - Maggie ...added between 00:13 and 00:33, 2005 Feb 20 by 62.252.128.25
 * Delete. Rhobite 04:35, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, possibly as a speedy (contextless nonsense contributed by an anon IP whose other edits are being reverted or challenged as vandalism) Rossami (talk) 05:01, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Possibly the very person is posting from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=62.252.128.25 (see his change to the Irn Bru page for example Richard W.M. Jones 10:13, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Category talk:Lists of lakes

CFD discussion

 * Category was listed for deletion on January 15, 2005. No clear consensus to delete.

Would it be worthwhile to merge Category:Lists of lakes into Category:Lakes by country, since they effectively serve the same purpose? -- Beland 02:04, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I would say no. Category:Lists of lakes though should only contain Lists of foo and not any of the Lakes of foo. For example, Category:Lakes of Australia should not be in the lists category. RedWolf 01:04, Jan 25, 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Lists of lakes