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Michigan Republican Party

The Michigan Republican Party is the state affiliate of the national Republican Party in Michigan, United States, sometimes referred to as MIGOP.

Ronna Romney McDaniel was the chairwoman of the party, having been elected in 2015 by delegates to the Republican State Convention, in 2017, McDaniel became Republican National Committee Chairwoman, serving until 2024. The Michigan Republican Party hosts a biennial political conference at the Mackinac Island Grand Hotel called the Mackinac Republican Leadership Conference. The event features notable national Republicans, senators, governors, and presidential candidates.

Even though the Michigan Republican Party has historically been characterized by conservatism, the party took a hard-right turn after Donald Trump won the presidency in 2016. After the 2020 United States elections, the Michigan Republican Party pushed false claims of fraud and sought to overturn the election results. A months-long Republican investigation found there was no evidence of widespread fraud and recommended for the attorney general to investigate some who had made such allegations for personal gain.

Starting in 2023 and as a result of the 2022 elections, the party has no substantial political power in the state. The Republican Party has minorities in both chambers of the state legislature and its U.S. House delegation, as well as neither of the state's U.S. Senate seats, and no statewide executive offices.

History
Republicans have been elected to the governorship of Michigan in 27 of 48 gubernatorial elections. The first was Kingsley S. Bingham in 1855, and the most recent is Rick Snyder, who was elected in 2010, and then re-elected in 2014.

After President Richard Nixon resigned due to the Watergate scandal, Vice President Gerald Ford became the 38th President of the United States. Ford grew up in Grand Rapids and served as a U.S. Representative from Michigan from 1949 to 1973.

Following the 2016 election and Reince Priebus' selection to be White House Chief of Staff, Michigan Republican Party Chairman Ronna Romney McDaniel became Chairwoman of the Republican National Committee. Then-President-elect Trump recommended McDaniel in December 2016 to replace Priebus. She was officially elected as RNC chair on January 19, 2017, becoming the second woman to hold the post in RNC history, after Mary Louise Smith.

After Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential election in Michigan and Donald Trump refused to concede, the Michigan Republican Party pushed false claims of fraud and sought to overturn the election results. In January 2021, the Michigan Republican Party sought to replace GOP member Aaron Van Langevelde on the Michigan Board of Canvassers; he had previously voted to certify the Michigan election results in favor of Biden. One of the candidates that the Michigan Republican Party sought to nominate to that position was Linda Lee Tarver, who had been involved in efforts to overturn the election results.

According to the Associated Press, since Trump's defeat in the 2020 presidential election and Michigan swinging back to the Democrats, the Michigan GOP have taken a hard right-wing turn. The shift has altered the once moderate character of the state GOP and has instead embraced more right-wing elements. In 2021, the executive director of the Michigan GOP resigned after he declined to say that the 2020 election was stolen from Donald Trump; delegates in the Michigan GOP had called for him to be fired for his remarks. Increasing internal divisions within the Michigan Republican Party led to a violent physical brawl at a state committee meeting in 2023, during which one party activist allegedly kicked a committee member in the groin and broke his rib.

2024 Leadership schism
On January 6, 2024, a group of Michigan Republican Party state committee members voted 40–5 to remove Kristina Karamo, using proxies set by District Chairs without the knowledge of the proxied members to attain quorum. The group of state committee members acknowledged Malinda Pego, who served as co-chair under Karamo, as Acting Chairwoman of the Michigan Republican Party until a vote for an official replacement is held. Meanwhile, Kristina Karamo repeatedly stated that she didn't recognize the vote and was therefore still chairwoman, as she claimed that the meeting was setup against the bylaws of the Michigan GOP. Malinda Pego's faction responded with a 31-paged document arguing how the meeting to oust Karamo followed the state party's bylaws, therefore making the results legitimate and legal.

On January 13, 2024, another group of Michigan Republican Party state committee members voted to reinstate Kristina Karamo as chair, as well as the removal of several nonsupporting party officials—including Malinda Pego—from the state party, despite Karamo previously claiming that Pego had resigned. That same day, 9 of 13 Michigan GOP Congressional district chairs, as well as 3 of 6 Michigan GOP vice chairs, released a statement acknowledging the ousting of Kristina Karamo the week prior.

According to Malinda Pego, a state committee meeting to vote for a new chair was held on January 20, 2024. Pete Hoekstra was elected as chairman during the vote. However, Karamo has insisted that she is still the legitimate chairperson. The Karamo faction of the party controlled the state party's finances and infrastructure including the official MIGOP web site. The Hoekstra faction of the MIGOP set up its own infrastructure and official website.

The RNC determined that Karamo was properly removed as MIGOP chair, but hadn't decided at that time if Hoekstra was the new chair. Both Hoekstra and Karamo were invited to the Republican Party winter meeting in Las Vegas on January 30 but neither were credentialed as party chair. The two rivals received guest credentials but were not given voting rights. Former president Donald Trump sided with Hoekstra. The RNC on February 14 recognized Hoekstra as the MIGOP chair. The officially recognized Michigan Republican Party leadership uses a new website, as the prior website was under Karamo's control. Circuit Court Judge Joseph Rossi ruled that Karamo was properly removed as MIGOP chair. Karamo has filed an appeal to the Michigan Court of Appeals.

U.S. Senate

 * None

Both of Michigan's U.S. Senate seats have been held by Democrats since 2001. Spencer Abraham was the last Republican to represent Michigan in the U.S. Senate. First elected in 1994, Abraham lost re-election in 2000 to Democrat Debbie Stabenow who has held the seat since.

U.S. House of Representatives
Out of the 13 seats Michigan is apportioned in the U.S. House of Representatives, 6 are held by Republicans:

Statewide

 * None

Michigan has not elected any GOP candidates to statewide office since 2014, when Rick Snyder, Brian Calley, Bill Schuette, and Ruth Johnson were re-elected as governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, and secretary of state, respectively. In 2018, term limits prevented all four politicians from seeking third terms. Schuette ran as the Republican nominee in the 2018 gubernatorial election with Lisa Posthumus Lyons as his running mate and was subsequently defeated by Democratic challenger Gretchen Whitmer and running mate Garlin Gilchrist while Tom Leonard and Mary Treder Lang ran as the Republican nominees for Attorney General and Secretary of State and were subsequently defeated by Democratic challengers Dana Nessel and Jocelyn Benson.

Michigan Legislature

 * Senate Minority Leader: Aric Nesbitt

 * House Minority Floor Leader: Bryan Posthumus

 * House Minority Leader: Matt Hall

United States cabinet members from Michigan who served under a Republican president
The following are in order of presidential succession.

Michigan Republican State Committee
The Michigan Republican State Committee is the state central committee of the Michigan Republican Party. It is composed of seven members from each of Michigan's Congressional district Republican committees, the Chairman, Co-Chairman, the various Vice Chairmen of the Party, and the Secretary, Treasurer and General and Financial Counsels. It selects Michigan's two representatives to the Republican National Committee. Additionally, the Chairperson of each County Republican Party organization is a non-voting ex officio member of the State Committee.

Current leadership
2021 District Chairs list

title: Michigan Republican Party


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Talk:Peter Pevensie

Re: edits by Feezo on my interpretation - it's been some time since I read all the stories straight through, so this is just an IIRC, but doesn't it seem that the narrator spends less time in Peter's head than in that of the other characters? That's why I put in that Lewis doesn't seem as interested in him as in the other, more flawed characters in the stories. But it's not essential to the article, and I agree that fiction articles can go overboard on critical analysis. Ellsworth 23:28, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for bringing this issue up instead of reverting. I took it out more because, as you seem to agree, critical analysis from an "out of character" perspective doesn't usually benefit articles about literature. I'm all for in-depth examinations of characters, but I don't believe it is fair, in this case, to speculate about the author's motivations; it might be more accurate simply to state what you said: the fewer faults of Peter mean that Lewis spends less time talking about him. Feezo 06:38, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

characters templates
can we put a character templates in narnia character articles? i've seen harry potter and others, and maybe narnia deserve to have it as well. HoneyBee 23:28, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

The Uniformed Army
Why does Peter lead a huge and uniformed army against the Witch's army in the film? In the book, the army was much smaller and ununiformed. (Anon)

 * The book doesn't provide much information about the battle scene (beyond Edmund fighting his way through three ogres to reach the White Witch), so I would argue that the film's artistic license was justified. On top of that, it was an adaptation, so does not have to exactly follow the source text - after all, the scene on the river was entirely invented. Slideyfoot 14:46, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Most of the Narnia books are written in a way that seems intentionally vague in detail. Some have assumed that Lewis wrote this way on purpose to allow the reader to use their own imagination in constructing what the world of Narnia was like. The battle scene in "The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe" is only about three pages long. Artistic license was used in expanding and embelishing the scene for the film because the description in the book is so vague. The film also has a more epic feel in the spirit of the entire series rather than just the first [written] book. Other books in the series feature larger battles, such as the one in "The Last Battle" and even more descriptive, uniform battles such as the one featured in the climax of "A Horse and His Boy."

Character Example Article and InfoBox discussion
This article is now formatted as per WikiProject Narnia Character Example Article. This is still a format that is under discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Narnia/Character article example. Add any comments about the "template" itself there.

There is also currently discussion on which of two infoboxes to use. The one seen on this page is also used on the Puddleglum article. The other infobox is in use on the Trumpkin and the Caspian X articles. You can see a side by side comparison of the two here and participate in discussions about them at the ProjectNarnia talk page and on the InfoBox2 talk page. LloydSommerer 00:47, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Rhindon
I have merged the Rhindon article and placed it just after the Last Battle section, mainly through a lack of ideas for a suitable place! Starquin 13:07, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

Failed GA
I have failed this article for GA status, primarily due to a near-total lack of in-text footnotes. While there is a good reference list, there is insufficient footnoting to explain what material came from what source. Overall the article is off to a good start toward GA, but needs better sourcing and also needs a bit more work on the "compelling prose" standard, there is a lot of data, but not all of it is clearly written. It is also a bit disorganized in spots, some material is redundant. Work on it a bit more and try again in a month or so! Montanabw 04:36, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

King Peter/King David
I read somewhere that Peter is also like King David. Do you think we should put that up or not?--The K.O. King (talk) 19:07, 23 November 2007 (UTC)

This is incorrect. There is nothing like this in the book of Revelation.

 * There are also similarities between Peter Pevensie and King David. Peter is the High King of Narnia and has authority over everyone except Aslan (who resembles Jesus), in Revelation King David has authority over everyone except Jesus.

Roadrunner (talk) 05:30, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

I thought I read it in there somewhere if I find it I will tell you which chapter. The K.O. King (talk) 20:21, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

For some reason King Peter reminds me of King David. Are there any similiarities between these two? The K.O. King (talk) 19:50, 10 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I know this is old, but for the article's sake: reminding you of King David? It wasn't mentioned in the book, and just because you think he's like King David does not mean it can be in the article. BlackPearl14 [ talkies!•contribs! ] 01:25, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

I never said it could be in the article I was just saying, so there. The K.O. King (talk) 22:09, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

Peter vs. Miraz
In the Prince Caspian section there is no mention of how Peter fights and defeats Miraz. Is there a reason or can I add it? The K.O. King (talk) 02:43, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

Birth and age
How do you know his age? As far as I know, Lewis didn't mention it in the books. --Mircalla22 (talk) 06:25, 13 October 2009 (UTC)
 * All of the ages are based on the outline that Lewis wrote. LloydSommerer (talk) 11:34, 13 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Thank you so much. --Mircalla22 (talk) 05:15, 16 October 2009 (UTC)

Susan was not in the south
The article contains a false statement in section In The Horse and His Boy:
 * "Peter does not appear in this installment, but is mentioned. While Susan and Edmund are in the south dealing with Prince Rabadash of Calormene, he and Lucy are fighting giants in the north."

Actually Lucy was with Edmund, I don't know where Susan was. --Pavel Jelinek (talk) 16:46, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Peter Pevensie


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Talk:Dorsal

Notice: The contents of this page have been moved to.

Do Not Delete!!
Although this page is listed for deletion because it seems to be more of a definition than an encyclopedic entry, there are a few people from User_talk:216.109.58.62 who are trying to save it. At the very least, this should act as a disambig page, linking to dorsal fin for most of us, and to other uses of dorsal for the biologists out there. But I'm sure there is more info on this subject that can make this entry as more than a mere disambig page. Give us another couple of days, and we'll have this article looking encyclopedic enough for anyone who looks at it. Eric Herboso 23:29, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Pending deletion tag was removed. Article has been expanded since it was originally scheduled for deletion, and is now of some encyclopedic quality. Eric Herboso  21:38, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dorsal


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Semantic Research

Semantic AI (formerly Semantic Research, Inc.) is a privately held software company headquartered in San Diego, California with offices in the National Capitol Region. Semantic AI is a Delaware C-corporation that offers patented, graph-based knowledge discovery, analysis and visualization software technology. Its original product is a link analysis software application called Semantica Pro, and it introduced a web-based analytical environment called the Cortex Enterprise Intelligence Platform, or Cortex EIP.

History
The SEMANTICA platform was originally conceived as a method to help biology students learn and retain knowledge about complex organic structures. Joe Faletti, Kathleen Fisher, and several colleagues in the University of California system created SemNet, a computer program used to draw a network of "concepts" connected to each other by "relations". In the late 1960s, Ross Quillian and Allan Collins used the concept of semantic networks as a way of talking about the organization of human semantic memory, or memory for inter-related word concepts. Using SemNet, students could employ simple components to build complex networks.

title: Semantic Research


text: Template:Infobox CPU socket

title: Template:Infobox CPU socket


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Gavin Henson

Gavin Lloyd Henson (born 1 February 1982) is a Welsh former professional rugby union player, who played as a fly-half, fullback and inside centre.

Between 2000 and 2019 he played for Llanelli, Swansea RFC, the Ospreys, Saracens, Toulon, Cardiff Blues, London Welsh, Bath, Bristol and the Dragons.

He won 33 caps for Wales national team and one for the British & Irish Lions. He was part of a Wales team which won Grand Slams in the Six Nations Championship in 2005 and 2008. He played for the British & Irish Lions in their 2005 tour to New Zealand.

Since 2010, Henson has participated in several reality television series: 71 Degrees North, Strictly Come Dancing, The Bachelor and Celebrity Hunted. In 2021 he began playing rugby league for West Wales Raiders in League 1.

Llanelli RFC: 2000
Henson's one and only appearance for Llanelli RFC was against the then Border Reivers at Greenyards in May 2000. The Rievers won the match 51–23. Henson played at 10 and scored 5 points (1 conversion & 1 penalty).

Swansea/Ospreys: 2000–2009
Born in Pencoed, Henson played rugby for his school, Brynteg Comprehensive, in Bridgend, Wales. Despite his Bridgend origins, he joined Swansea RFC at the age of 18. He was presented with the International Rugby Board's Young Player of the Year award in 2001. During this time, he had started paving the way to his international career by signing for the Wales A team. He made his international debut for Wales during June 2001 in a Test against Japan, coming off the bench. He then started his next match, at fly-half in a game against Romania on 19 September 2001. In November of that year, he played for Wales A against Uruguay, scoring his first try in an international. In 2003, regional rugby was launched in Wales, and Henson played for the Ospreys. He made his debut for the Ospreys as a substitute on 9 September 2003 in a match against Ulster, scoring two tries and kicking both a penalty and conversion to score 15 points. He was moved to fly-half for the subsequent match against the Newport-Gwent Dragons, scoring 14 points from kicks. Henson returned to the international field for Wales in 2003. He played twice, and was on the bench for two other Tests. He was capped against both the All Blacks and Romania.

Henson came to wider notice in 2004 with a series of performances in Wales' autumn internationals against New Zealand and South Africa. Henson became a firm part of the Welsh starting line-up, and after playing at fullback in the second Test against Argentina and the first against South Africa, he played in the centres for the remainder of the season.

He remained on the team for the 2005 Six Nations Championship. In Wales' opening fixture in February, at home to England, Henson gave an effective performance; making two tackles on Mathew Tait (earning Tait the nickname 'Henson's Handbag') and landing the match-winning points with a 48 m penalty kick and being named man of the match. Back in his club side, Henson was part of a team which took the Celtic League cup: in the deciding match against Edinburgh on 26 March 2005, he scored 24 of his side's 29 points.

In the northern hemisphere summer of the same year, Henson was named in the Lions squad for the tour of New Zealand. He was "devastated not to be playing" in the first Test. When he was selected for the second test, he was injured and could not play in the final test. A groin injury delayed his return to club rugby in the autumn of the year. Within months of his Ospreys return, Henson was cited for kicking and elbowing Leicester prop Alex Moreno in a game against Leicester on 19 December 2005. He was found not guilty of the kicking offence, but guilty of the elbowing. He was initially suspended for ten weeks and two days: this period was reduced on appeal to seven weeks. Following this suspension and a single game at club level, he returned to international rugby against Ireland. In October 2005, Henson's My Grand Slam Year was published. Comments about the Lions tour and remarks about other players ensured rapid publicity and Henson had to apologise to his teammates. He was not selected in the Wales squad for the 2007 Rugby World Cup by then coach Gareth Jenkins, after he failed to prove his fitness after recovering from an Achilles tendon injury.

Henson was recalled to the Welsh Squad by caretaker coach Nigel Davies, to play against South Africa shortly after the 2007 Rugby World Cup. He then started for of all of Wales 2008 Six Nations Championship games, Wales then went on to win the Grand Slam for the second time in four seasons. Henson lost his first 6 Nations match in which he started on 21 March 2009 as Ireland beat Wales in Cardiff 17–15, to win the Grand Slam.

Sabbatical: 2009–2010
On 13 July 2009, British tabloid, The Sun, announced that Henson planned to retire immediately from rugby. On 14 July 2009, Henson and the Ospreys issued a joint statement denying the player had any intention of quitting. Henson said, "I've certainly been having difficulties with the recurring injury but I have absolutely no intention of quitting the game".

In 2009, Mike Turner of the Crusaders RL (who at that time played in the Super League) stated that if Henson ever thought of switching to rugby league the club would be happy to talk to him. Since this time, Henson has made no official statement on the subject, shown any intent with regards to joining a Super League club or held any talks with the Crusaders, although he regularly attended their matches in 2009.

Comeback: 2010–2019
On 27 October 2010, Ospreys released a statement from managing director, Mike Cuddy, stating that Henson would be released from his contract with the province with immediate effect, and that he would be returning to rugby with the English club Saracens. Henson had not played professional Rugby for 18 months before this announcement following his period of unpaid leave from the Ospreys. Henson had been reported as having trained with Saracens two days prior to this announcement on 25 October 2010, leading to speculation that the return to professional rugby was imminent. Henson's agent, Matt Ginvert, stated that Henson will return to Rugby after completing his commitments with the BBC's Strictly Come Dancing programme, and Saracens chief executive Edward Griffiths said that he saw no reason why Henson would not compete for the club before Christmas 2010. Henson signed for Saracens in October 2010, making his debut at Wembley Stadium in the Boxing Day 2010 match against London Wasps; his first competitive game since March 2009. After playing four games for Saracens, starting only one, Henson was released from his contract on 2 February 2011.

The same day, French sports newspaper L'Equipe reported that Henson had met RC Toulonnais head coach Philippe Saint-André and club owner Mourad Boudjellal, for lunch in Toulon. The club, with their two first choice fly-halves out injured, had an available space in their squad under Top 14 regulations. Henson had commented while at Saracens that he was frustrated not to be playing in his preferred position. The following day, he signed a five-month contract with RC Toulonnais. In April 2011, he was suspended for two weeks following an incident on a night out after a match against Toulouse, involving an alleged fight with his teammates. After a hearing, RC Toulonnais President Boudjellal decided to reintegrate Henson back into the squad. However, on 24 May 2011, Henson was released by RC Toulonnais.

On 4 June 2011, Henson played his first match for Wales in 2 years, starting against the Barbarians, Henson put in a good performance, although he described his match as merely "showing glimpses of what he can do". The match was a loss to the Barbarians, with Isa Nacewa scoring a try in the 79th minute, taking the score from 28–26 to Wales to 28–31 to the Barbarians. After the Barbarian match, Henson was named in the 45-man preliminary 2011 Rugby World Cup squad by new Wales coach Warren Gatland. On 11 August 2011, Henson started for Wales in a warmup test against rivals England at Millennium Stadium, but left late in the first half after dislocating his wrist. The following day, it was announced that surgery on his wrist would keep him out for six to eight weeks, and that he would not be available for the pool stages of the World Cup.

In October 2011, it was announced by his agent and subsequently various media outlets, that Henson had signed for the Cardiff Blues. The club later confirmed the 8-month deal. On 2 April 2012, it was announced by Cardiff Blues that his contract had been terminated by the club after he was reported to be drinking and behaving inappropriately on a flight home from Scotland after a Blues match against Glasgow Warriors. The airline Flybe, which Henson was flying with, banned him from the airline for a six-month period.

On 9 July 2012, newly promoted London Welsh announced that they had signed Henson for the 2012/13 season. On 13 June 2013, it was announced that Henson was to leave London Welsh, who had been relegated that year, to join Bath for the next season. He said "I am thrilled to be joining Bath this summer, and I look forward to becoming part of what looks a very exciting squad. I still very much want to be playing at the highest level, and Bath is a big Club with big plans. I know what is expected of me and I can't wait to get started." On 10 July 2013, Henson was knocked out by Bath teammate Carl Fearns on a night out in the city.

Having improved his recent form with Bath, including influential appearances in the centre. Due to this improved form Henson, reportedly, rejected an approach by the Newport Gwent Dragons to sign an extension to his Bath contract.

Henson had been included in the Probables squad for the Wales trial match on 30 May 2014 in Swansea but was unable to take part due to Premier Rugby Limited's (the governing body of the English premiership) decision not to release non English players outside the IRB test window.

On 23 January 2015, it was announced Henson would be leaving Bath to join RFU Championship side Bristol, at the end of the Aviva Premiership season on a one-year deal. However, on 11 February, he was released four months early from his Bath contract to take his place in the Bristol ranks, being replaced at Bath by incoming London Irish utility back Tom Homer.

On 14 March 2017, Henson returned to Wales to sign for the Dragons, back in the Pro14, on a two-year contract from the 2017–18 season.

Rugby league
After being released by the Dragons at the end of the 2018–2019 season, Henson retired and purchased a pub. On 18 September 2020 it was announced that he was joining rugby league team West Wales Raiders who play in league's third tier.

He made his début in a 4–58 home defeat to Widnes Vikings in a Challenge Cup tie on 21 Mar 2021, but has not featured since.

In popular media
In September 2010, he featured in the ITV1 outdoor series 71 Degrees North, a challenge show set in Norway in which he finished in 2nd place, losing out to Marcus Patric. He then featured as a contestant on BBC1's Strictly Come Dancing's eighth series, partnered by Katya Virshilas. In August 2011 a series, The Bachelor, in which 25 young women battle it out on the French Riviera to win the heart of Henson "the Bachelor", began on Channel 5. He has been criticised for these appearances in the press and by many rugby fans.

Henson is referenced in the 2010 parody song "Newport (Ymerodraeth State of Mind)", although another South Wales band, Goldie Lookin Chain, in a wider critique of the song, noted that Henson "rarely ventured to Newport."

Personal life
His relationship with singer Charlotte Church was well covered by the media in the United Kingdom. On 20 September 2007, Church gave birth to a daughter Ruby Megan. Henson was excused from a 13 December 2008 Heineken Cup match against Benetton Treviso because Church was due to deliver her second child prematurely, but this did not happen. On 11 January 2009, Church gave birth to the couple's second child, a son. On 31 May 2010 the couple announced that their relationship was over, two months after they had announced their engagement.

In 2011 Henson chose Carianne Barrow to be his girlfriend on reality television series The Bachelor. The couple split in March 2012.

On 28 September 2019, Henson married his long-term partner Katie Wilson Mould at St. Michael's and All Angels Church in Guiting Power, on the outskirts of Cheltenham, in Gloucestershire. In December 2020 the couple had their first child, a son.

In May 2019 Henson became the landlord of The Fox and Hounds in St Brides Major in the Vale of Glamorgan and following refurbishment and a restaurant upgrade, shortened the name to just, 'The Fox'.

Television appearances

 * 71 Degrees North (ITV, 2010)
 * Strictly Come Dancing (BBC, 2010)
 * The Bachelor (Channel 5, 2011)
 * Hunted (Channel 4, 2019)

title: Gavin Henson


text:
Čedomir Jovanović

Čedomir "Čeda" Jovanović (Чедомир "Чеда" Јовановић, ; born 13 April 1971) is a Serbian politician and businessman.

During the presidency of Slobodan Milošević in Yugoslavia, Jovanović became one of the student leaders of the 1996–1997 protests in Serbia at the age of 25. Jovanović along with fellow student Čedomir Antić were one of the founding members of the "Student Political Club", abbreviated in Serbian as SPK, which successfully organised a massive boycott of the 1997 Serbian general election. In February 1998, the bulk of the SPK membership along with Jovanović himself joined the Democratic Party.

After the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević, Jovanović was selected by the Democratic Opposition of Serbia to be one of its MPs, and he subsequently became the youngest parliamentary caucus leader in Serbian history, at the age of 29. In the post-Milošević period, he was a target of several assassination attempts and attacks. On 6 February 2001, an explosive device destroyed Jovanović's automobile. On 31 March 2001, he was left unscathed from a minor shooting incident at the scene of Milošević's arrest, during which he was a negotiator. In July 2002, Minister of Interior Dušan Mihajlović commented that "Jovanović was on all the hit lists" of "centers of power".

Jovanović was expelled from the Democratic Party in 2004 due to breaking party protocols. He subsequently founded his own political party in November 2005, called the Liberal Democratic Party. He was his party's candidate in Serbia's presidential elections in 2008 and 2012.

Early life
Jovanović was born in a middle-class family in Belgrade. His parents Jovica and Milena (née Mršić) Jovanović were both economists by profession. As a boy, he grew up in the New Belgrade neighbourhood and completed the Ivan Gundulić Primary School with average grades. Afterwards, he started attending the Ninth Belgrade Gymnasium, but soon after transferred to the Third Economics High School, from which he eventually graduated. He then enrolled at the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Economics, but after only a week of classes, decided to quit.

Jovanović served in the Yugoslav People's Army in 1992 in Gradiška during the Bosnian War. In one of his memoirs, Čedomir Antić wrote that Jovanović was once proud of his military career in the Bosnian War, but that he experienced an ideological change about the war years later.

Jovanović eventually started attending Belgrade's Arts University's Faculty of Dramatic Arts (FDU), enrolling in its dramaturgy program, from which he graduated in 1998 at the age of 27. He never actually worked in his chosen profession, writing only a couple of plays that were never staged or published.

Activism
Jovanović was one of the student leaders of student protests in Belgrade during the winter of 1996–1997. The leaders of the demonstrations mostly composed of the membership of the SPK, an abbreviation for the Serbian Political Club. During the three months of demonstrations, Jovanović, Čedomir Antić, and other SPK members were unwittingly followed and tracked by the State Security Service. Throughout the winter of 1996–1997, violent clashes with the state police and military occurred on multiple occasions. As a result of the clashes Jovanović was one of five representatives of the protest movement which met with General Momčilo Perišić and Internal Affairs Minister Zoran Sokolović. General Perišić told Jovanović that both the military and students "are above politics", and claimed to sympathise with the protest movement. However, the meeting with Minister Sokolović was far more tense, as Sokolović largely stonewalled Jovanović on the question of a protester named Predrag Starčević, who was killed on 24 December 1996.

After the protests died out in early 1997, Jovanović intended on quitting political activity for good. However, in a series of SPK meetings, Jovanović and Čedomir Antić debated on the future of the SPK, with Jovanović arguing that the SPK should join the Democratic Party. Antić eventually agreed, however the SPK virtually ceased to exist as a result, with many members dropping out when SPK joined the Democratic Party. Three SPK members ended up joining the Democratic Party of Serbia, which years later would be involved in an intense schism with the rest of the DOS coalition.

Democratic Opposition of Serbia
He was elected to the Serbian Parliament in the 23 December 2000, parliamentary elections, on the list of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), and also held the post of DOS' parliamentary caucus leader until 2003. At only 29, he was the youngest person ever in Serbian politics to hold such a position.

Car bombing
On the morning of 6 February 2001, Jovanović sat in a restaurant by the business club "Lutra" to attend a discussion with State Security executive Franko Simatović, the Minister of Interior Dušan Mihajlović, and Milorad Ulemek, who organised the meeting. Jovanović and Mihajlović asked Simatović about the Ibar Highway assassination attempt on Vuk Drašković, the murder of Slavko Ćuruvija and the disappearance of Ivan Stambolić. Simatović claimed not to know about any of the liquidations, to which Jovanović remarked, "Frenki, you know so little for someone who was second man in the State Security Service."

After the meeting, Jovanović got in his Mitsubishi Pajero to drive his wife to Avalska street in Belgrade. After having walked approximately ten meters away from his vehicle, the Pajero exploded, destroying several other cars in the vicinity. Approximately 30 minutes had elapsed from the meeting with Simatović and the car bomb detonation. The vehicle was left in a parking lot for four days, after which it was taken for investigation by the Yugoslav Institute for Safety. Mitsubishi's European division also investigated and concluded that the cause of the explosion was that of a time bomb. The former head of the Yugoslav State Security Service, Jovica Stanišić, later commented that "someone from our agency did it".

Negotiation of Milošević's arrest
On 31 March 2001, after a masked government unit stormed Slobodan Milošević's fortified villa, Jovanović negotiated with the former Yugoslav president for him to surrender peacefully. In an interview conducted by Ekspres in June 2016, Jovanović said that as Milošević surrendered himself to the police, his daughter Marija asked him explicitly to commit suicide instead of surrendering. When Milošević gave himself up to the authorities, Jovanović was removed by security after which Marija fired a pistol at the vehicle Jovanović was sitting in. In the same interview, Jovanović admitted that he feared more that Marija would get shot by the bodyguards than he did for his own life during the Milošević villa standoff.

In 2014, Jovanović appeared on a televised episode of Goli život (Naked Life in English) on TV Happy, during which he talked about some of his life experiences. In the interview, Jovanović talked about Milošević and his arrest:

"He was the only Serbian politician who looked like a president. After that I never said anything ugly about him and I refused to testify against Marija Milošević, who on that fateful night shot at me. I knew it was out of desperation and I did not want to make an already hard situation for her even harder."

Incidents with the Zemun Clan and JSO
In March 2003, following the assassination of Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić, Jovanović advanced to the position of Deputy Prime Minister in the government of the new PM Zoran Živković. It has been alleged that during his mandate as Member of Parliament, in addition to his regular duties, Jovanović assumed the role of Prime Minister Đinđić's government liaison - dealing with, and meeting individuals connected to Serbian organised crime circles.

When the press got a hold of this information, a storm of controversy was created by raising many questions about Jovanovic's role in Government's dealing with the mafia. Political opponents directly accused him of criminal involvement and of providing favours for shady individuals such as Dušan Spasojević (late leader of the Zemun mafia clan) and Milorad Ulemek (now convicted as the person who organised the assassination of Zoran Đinđić). Various rumours, mostly carried and exploited by daily tabloids, included even those that he is using heavy drugs.

After continuous pressure from the media, Jovanović admitted to attending some meetings, but denied any wrongdoing, claiming that these contacts were made on behalf of the government in order to curb mafia activities and to secure political stability from the individuals left over from the Milošević's era. During one of his speeches, he stated: "my hands are dirty, but my conscience is clear (because I was cleaning up Serbia)".

The electorate did not exactly see it that way and Jovanović's popularity dropped drastically as a result of this episode.

Realizing this, the Democratic Party brass marginalised his role within its ranks before the parliamentary elections in December 2003 by not even entering his name on the party's electoral ballot. He did not complain, at least not publicly, opting to instead focus on the coming party congress in February 2004 that was to determine its new post-Đinđić leadership. Jovanović was hoping to get a seat on the main board, but did not receive enough delegate support.

Split with the Democratic Party
Dissatisfied with the party's new direction under the leadership of Boris Tadić, Jovanović criticised him publicly, most notably for his policy of political cohabitation with Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica's government. Being a fierce Koštunica opponent, Jovanović felt that the Democratic Party should actively seek ways to bring down his government, especially when Boris Tadić was elected President of the Republic in June 2004. A couple of months after Tadić's inauguration, Jovanović wrote his party colleague an open public letter on a per tu basis criticising his political choices. Tadić never even acknowledged the letter publicly until he was directly asked about it during an interview on a weekly political TV talk show Utisak nedelje. He admitted that he had not really bothered to read it and added: "When someone writes a letter, supposedly to me, by first making sure it gets published in the papers, then that's really not a letter but a political bid".

After his unsuccessful attempt to take over the DS leadership, Jovanović formed the "Liberal Democratic faction" within DS - knowingly breaching the party statute. The act was obviously not welcomed by the leadership and he was eventually expelled on 3 December 2004.

In the following period, Jovanović's political activity became distinctly more direct. He gave bombastic interviews and in his strongly worded press releases frequently went after PM Koštunica's government officials, Koštunica himself, and the Serbian security apparatus. He repeatedly criticised the Serbian Orthodox Church, calling it dishonest, backward and dogmatic, protesting what he sees to be its interference in the country's politics.

Parallel to all of this Jovanović also founded a non-governmental organisation called Center for Modern Politics (Centar za modernu politiku, CMP), but its activities were sporadic at best and it eventually folded.

In July 2005, Jovanović published a book, Moj sukob sa prošlošću ("My Confrontation with the Past"). He came out in favour of Kosovo's independence, thus becoming the only notable Serbian political party leader to do so and because of that he gained sympathies from many Albanians.

Founding of the Liberal Democratic Party
On 5 November 2005, Jovanović and his supporters founded the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) to much fanfare, and Jovanović was elected as its first president at the age of 34.

Soon after, in December, he was the subject of a lengthy, very affirmative piece penned by Zoran Ćirjaković in the influential American weekly magazine Newsweek which, among other things, Jovanović used to further reiterate his stance on Kosovo and to declare his opinion that Bosnian Serb ties with Belgrade should effectively be severed.

The first parliamentary elections Jovanović led his party in were held in January 2007. LDP's electoral list also featured several minority parties and Nenad Čanak's League of Vojvodina's Socialdemocrats (LSV). With an aggressive "Od nas zavisi" campaign, he was hoping to ensure enough votes for LDP to become a significant factor when it comes to forming the ruling coalition. However, LDP received about 5-6% of the total vote, barely clearing the 5% threshold required to enter the parliament.

November 2007 Mišković affair
In November 2007, in anticipation of presidential election, Jovanović opened a public row with powerful and politically connected Serbian tycoon Miroslav Mišković. On Sunday, 18 November 2007, while guest on Utisak nedelje, a weekly television political talk-show, Jovanović claimed Mišković tried to get himself off the US entry visa blacklist, in exchange offering the American embassy in Belgrade to arrange prime minister Koštunica's cooperative and soft stance when it comes to the final status of the Serbian province of Kosovo whose independence America firmly supported.

Amid the controversy that was immediately raised, the next day, Monday, Jovanović went on B92 radio's morning talk-show Kažiprst, claiming that Mišković's liaison in this particular endeavour with the Americans was a well-known Belgrade journalist, stopping short of revealing his name. However, later that day, talking in the Serbian parliament, Jovanović revealed the journalist to be Bratislav "Braca" Grubačić. Mišković responded late in the day with a strongly worded press release, directly addressing Jovanović on a per tu basis, accusing him of being involved in Mišković's eighteen-hour kidnapping in 2001 and of pocketing DM5 million from the ransom payment. Jovanović responded by filing an official complaint against Mišković in the Serbian police and publicly releasing a 4-page supposed internal Belgrade's American embassy document dated May 2007 in support of his earlier statements. The document was posted on Blic and B92 web sites. The US embassy in Belgrade, at the time headed by ambassador Cameron Munter, denied Jovanović's claims as well as the authenticity of the document Jovanović forwarded to the Serbian media.

Years later in 2011, a leaked diplomatic cable written by Munter from the Belgrade embassy claimed that Jovanović used a forged document in his accusations against Mišković.

2008 presidential campaign
Jovanović was a candidate in the 2008 Serbian Presidential elections held in January. He was running under the slogan "Život je zakon!" (eng. "Life Rules") while emphasising his determination to bring down every person inside or outside the Serbian government who "oppose the idea of providing a better life for the people of Serbia". Once again, Jovanović has directly accused Miroslav Mišković, a Serbian tycoon, of being one of the most responsible persons for the underdevelopment of Serbia in the recent years.

He finished fifth with 5.34% of the total votes, well behind Boris Tadić and Tomislav Nikolić who went into the second round runoff. Ahead of the second round vote, despite expectations from some circles, Jovanović decided not to throw his support behind Tadić, opting instead to stay neutral. Tadić ended up winning the election regardless.

2012 presidential campaign
For the second presidential election in a row, Jovanović was a candidate in the 2012 presidential elections in Serbia, held in May that year. His campaign included an internationally televised debate with President of Republika Srpska Milorad Dodik. In the debate, Jovanović defended a previous statement he made saying that "Republika Srpska was founded on genocide and ethnic cleansing", referring particularly to the Srebrenica massacre. The debate exceeded its allotted time on television as the moderator failed to control the dialogue.

Jovanović finished in sixth overall in the 2012 presidential election, recording 5.03% of the national vote.

Controversy
In March 2011, during a parliamentary session about the 2011 Libyan civil war, Jovanović tried to criticise Serbia's Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić on his visits to various countries in Africa at the time. Jovanović said "instead of going to the cannibals in Africa, he should react to the plight of the civilians in Libya." The Algerian Ambassador to Serbia, Abdelkader Mesdoua, subsequently issued a statement to Vuk Jeremić, saying that Jovanović's statements were racist and that he should apologise in the National Assembly of Serbia.

On 2 June 2021, Jovanović participated in a fight outside of a fast-food restaurant in Belgrade during which Jovanović destroyed the glass window of a fast-food restaurant by throwing a chair at it.

Personal life
His wife, Jelena, is from Nevesinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina She is the owner of "Agroposlovi", a Belgrade based business that operates a larger company named Fidelinka from Subotica, Serbia. Fidelinka offers flour products, pasta, breads, pastries, confectioneries, and starch. Jovanović is cited as a manager in Fidelinka. He is the father of four children. He has received death threats on several occasions because of his political commitment, in particular because of his support for Kosovo's independence. In 2001 he survived an assassination attempt when a bomb was activated in his car. He and his family have since lived under police protection.

title: Čedomir Jovanović


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title: User talk:67.184.40.101


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Association for Library Service to Children

The Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) is a division of the American Library Association.

ALSC has over 4,000 members, including children, experts in children's literature, publishers, faculty members, and other adults. The Association has nearly 60 active committees and task forces, including programs for youth, publishing resources and journals, evaluating and awarding media for children.

ALSC sets standards for library services to children through regular updates to its "Competencies for Librarians Serving Children in Public Libraries." The most recent competencies which was adopted in 2015, emphasized seven core areas of competence, including; services, programs, outreach, collection development, and administrative practices.

Media mentorship
In 2015, the ALSC Board accepted a white paper titled "Media Mentorship in Libraries Serving Youth". This paper outlines the role of librarians and other library staff who serve youth and families with particular regard to materials and practices surrounding digital media.

Book and media awards
ALSC announces the awards listed below every January at a Monday morning press conference that takes place during the American Library Association Midwinter Meeting.
 * The Newbery Medal was named for eighteenth-century British bookseller John Newbery. It is awarded annually to the author to American literature for children.
 * The Caldecott Medal was named in honor of nineteenth-century English illustrator Randolph Caldecott. It is awarded annually to the artist of an American picture book for children.
 * The Batchelder Award was named in honor of twentieth-century American librarian Mildred L. Batchelder. The Batchelder Award explicitly references a given work, its translator and author. It seeks to recognize translations of children's books into the English language, with the intention of encouraging American publishers to translate high quality foreign language children's books and "promote communication between the people of the world".
 * The Belpré Medal was named in honor of twentieth-century Puerto Rican librarian Pura Belpré. It is given in honor to a Latino or Latina writer and illustrator whose works "best portray, affirm, and celebrate the Latino cultural experience". It has been given every other year since 1996. Beginning with the 2009 award, it will be given annually.
 * [[File:Andrew Carnegie, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing slightly left, 1913.jpg|thumb|Andrew Carnegie, American philanthropist]]The Carnegie Medal was named in honor of nineteenth-century American philanthropist [[Andrew Carnegie]]. It honors the producer of video production for children.
 * The Children's Literature Lecture Award (formerly called the "May Hill Arbuthnot Lecture Award from 1970–2020), was originally named in honor of twentieth-century American educator May Hill Arbuthnot. It is awarded annually to honor an author, critic, librarian, historian, or teacher of children's literature paper considered to be a significant contribution to the field of children's literature. This paper is delivered as a lecture each year, and is subsequently published in Children and Libraries, the journal of ALSC.
 * The Geisel Award was named in honor of twentieth-century American author Theodor Seuss Geisel. It is given annually to the author(s) and illustrator(s) of American book for beginning readers published in English in the United States during the preceding year.
 * The Odyssey Award was named in honor of the Homer's eighth century BC epic poem. The Odyssey Award is jointly given and administered by the ALSC and the Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA), another division of the ALA. It is sponsored by Booklist magazine, a publication of the ALA.
 * The Sibert Medal was named in honor of twentieth-century American publisher Robert F. Sibert. It honors the author(s) and illustrator(s) of the most distinguished informational book.
 * Laura Ingalls Wilder.jpgThe Children's Literature Legacy Award (previously named the Wilder Medal) was originally named in honor of twentieth-century American author [[Laura Ingalls Wilder]] but the name was changed in 2018.  It honors an author or illustrator whose books, published in the United States, have made, over a period of years, a substantial and lasting contribution to literature for children.

Children's notable lists
In addition to the above listed awards, ALSC produces three lists of notable annual media titles:
 * Notable Children's Books
 * Notable Children's Recordings
 * Notable Children's Digital Media

ALSC formerly produced the Notable Children's Videos list

Partnership grants

 * Dollar General Literacy Foundation
 * Disney

ALSC also ran Great Websites for Kids, a compilation of exemplary websites geared to children from birth to age 14. Suggested sites were evaluated by the Great Websites for Kids Committee using established selection criteria. The Great Websites for Kids program ended in 2016.


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Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay (also spelt as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee and Saratchandra Chatterji; 15 September 1876 – 16 January 1938), was a Bengali novelist and short story writer of the early 20th century. He generally wrote about the lives of Bengali family and society in cities and villages. However, his keen powers of observation, great sympathy for fellow human beings, a deep understanding of human psychology (including the "ways and thoughts and languages of women and children"), an easy and natural writing style, and freedom from political biases and social prejudices enable his writing to transcend barriers and appeal to all Indians. He remains the most popular, translated, and adapted Indian author of all time.

Early life
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 September 1876, in a Bengali Brahmin family in Debanandapur, a small village in Hooghly, West Bengal, about 50 kilometres from Kolkata. He was his father Matilal and mother Bhubanmohini's oldest son and second child.

Sarat Chandra wrote in the English translation of his monumental book Srikanta:

"My childhood and youth were passed in great poverty. I received almost no education for want of means. From my father I inherited nothing except, as I believe, his restless spirit and his keen interest in literature. The first made me a tramp and sent me out tramping the whole of India quite early, and the second made me a dreamer all my life. Father was a great scholar, and he had tried his hand at stories and novels, dramas and poems, in short, every branch of literature, but never could finish anything. I have not his work now—somehow it got lost; but I remember poring over those incomplete messes, over and over again in my childhood, and many a night I kept awake regretting their incompleteness and thinking what might have been their conclusion if finished. Probably this led to my writing short stories when I was barely seventeen."

Poverty forced the family to live for long periods in Bhuvanmohini's father's (and later brother's) home in Bhagalpur, Bihar.

Sarat Chandra was a daring, adventure-loving boy. He attended schools in and around Debanandapur and in Bhagalpur. His strong performance in English and other subjects was rewarded with a "double promotion" that enabled him to skip a grade. However, in 1892, financial difficulties forced him to stay out of school for one year. He began writing stories at the time.

In 1894, Sarat Chandra passed his Entrance Examination (public examination at the end of Class X) and entered Tejnarayan Jubilee College. He developed an interest in English literature and read A Tale of Two Cities and David Copperfield by Charles Dickens and other novels. He organized a children's literary society in Bhagalpur, which published a handwritten magazine. Two years later, his formal studies ended as he could not pay the twenty rupees examination fee.

On his wife's death in 1895, Matilal left the house of his in-laws and moved the family to a mud house in Bhagalpur. In 1896, he sold his ancestral house to repay debts. Sarat Chandra spent time interacting with friends, acting in plays, and playing sports and games. He seriously read literature and wrote several famous works including Bordidi, Chandranath, and Devdas. And then he stopped writing: "But I soon gave up the habit as useless, and almost forgot in the long years that followed that I could even write a sentence in my boyhood."

After holding sundry jobs, Sarat Chandra got upset with his father and left home. He wandered from place to place In the guise of a sannyasin (monk). Little is known about what he did during this period. On getting the news of his father's death, Sarat Chandra came back and did his father's shraddha (memorial service). His oldest sister was already married. He deposited his remaining siblings with a friend and relatives and went to Calcutta (today's Kolkata) to try out his luck.

In Calcutta, Sarat Chandra worked for six months translating Hindi paper books into English for an advocate. In January 1903, he went to Burma (today's Myanmar).

Before leaving for Burma, at the insistence of an uncle, Sarat Chandra sent the story "Mandir" to the "Kuntaleen Story Competition." It won the first prize out of 150 submissions. Mandir was published under another uncle's name. The story was 27-year-old Sarat Chandra's first printed work.

Life in Burma
Sarat Chandra lived in Burma for thirteen years. He first held sundry jobs in Rangoon and Pegu (today's Yangon and Bago, respectively). He eventually found work in Burma Public Works Accounts Office in Rangoon.

Most of his stay in Rangoon was in the Botahtaung Pazundaung neighbourhood where "mistris" (manual workers, mechanics, craftsmen, artisans) lived. He freely mixed with them. He wrote their job applications, mediated conflicts, gave them homeopathic medicine for free, even gave monetary help. The mistris had great respect for him.

During his stay in Rangoon, Sarat Chandra read widely. He borrowed books on various subjects, including sociology, politics, philosophy, physiology, psychology, history, scriptures, and other topics from the Bernard Free Library. Signs of heart problems slightly slowed down his intense study habits. He also began to paint.

In 1912, the wooden house where he lived on Lansdowne Road got burnt down. He lost his belongings including his paintings, and the manuscript of his novel Choritrohin, which he rewrote. He resumed writing after a gap of about eighteen years: "Some of my old acquaintances started a little magazine, but no one of note would condescend to contribute to it, as it was so small and insignificant. When almost hopeless, some of them suddenly remembered me, and after much persuasion they succeeded in extracting from me a promise to write for it. This was in the year 1913. I promised most unwillingly—perhaps only to put them off till I had returned to Rangoon and could forget all about it. But sheer volume and force of their letters and telegrams compelled me at last to think seriously about writing again. I sent them a short story, for their magazine Jamuna. This became at once extremely popular, and made me famous in one day. Since then I have been writing regularly. In Bengal perhaps I am the only fortunate writer who has not had to struggle."

In 1916, he resigned from his job due to ill health and moved to Calcutta.

Later life
In 1916, a forty-year-old Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay moved to Howrah, the twin city of Calcutta. He became a full-time writer.

His stories and serialized novels were published in magazines such as Jamuna, Bharatvarsha, and Narayan. Later, his novels and story collections would get published as books. He either got nothing or took nothing from the publisher for his first novel, Bardidi. He sold the rights to his second published novel, Biraj Bou, for two hundred rupees. His works became immensely popular. Royalties from his published works enabled him to escape lifelong poverty for the first time.

In 1918, the novel Biraj Bou was adapted for the stage and performed in the famous Star Theatre. The same year, James Drummond Anderson wrote an article entitled "A New Bengali Writer" in the Times Literary Supplement, which introduced Sarat Chandra to a Western readership.

In 1919, Chandrashekhar Pathak translated the novel Biraj Bou into Hindi. This was the first translation of Sarat Chandra's work in another Indian language. Translations of his works into Marathi, Gujarati, and other Indian languages were published in the years that followed. The first English translation of Sarat Chandra's work, Srikanta (Volume I), was published by the Oxford University Press in 1922. The first film based on Sarat Chandra's writings, silent movie Andhare Aalo, was released the same year.

Sarat Chandra was a strong supporter of the Indian freedom movement. He was the president of the Howrah District Congress Committee branch of the Indian National Congress. He also gave cash and other support to Indian revolutionary freedom fighters. He was friends with Chittaranjan Das, Subhas Chandra Bose, and many other freedom fighters and political leaders. While most of his works avoided politics, his novel Pather Dabi (1926) heavily criticized the British Raj. The book was proscribed by the colonial British Government of India, a restriction removed after Sarat Chandra's death.

Great academic recognition came to Sarat Chandra, whose formal studies ended at Class XII. His works entered the school and college curricula. In 1923, the University of Calcutta awarded him the prestigious Jagattarini Gold Medal. He was a paper setter in Bengali in the B.A. examination at the university. In 1936, the University of Dacca awarded him a Doctor of Literature (honoris causa). Except for Sarat Chandra, all honourees have been recipients of knighthood. His novel Pather Dabi did not endear him to the colonial British government.

He built his own house, first in Samta and then in Calcutta. He moved into his new Calcutta house in 1935. He planned to travel to Europe, but his health was failing. He was diagnosed with liver cancer. On 16 January 1938, he died in Park Nursing Home in South Calcutta.

Personal life
Sarat Chandra's father was Matilal Chattopadhyay and mother Bhubanmohini Devi. Subhash. C. Sarker writes: "His father was an utterly restless person—more of a dreamer than a realist ... By contrast Sarat Chandar's mother, Bhubanmohini Devi, was a hardworking lady who braved all the adversities of life with a calm patience." Sarkar also writes "The mother (Bhubanmohini) had an unmistakable impact on the mental make-up of the son (Sarat) as could be seen from the dominance of the female characters in his literary creations. Practically all the leading ladies in Sarat Chandra's stories are self-sacrificing in one way or the other."

Sarat Chandra was the second of seven siblings, five of whom lived to adulthood. The oldest was sister Anila Devi, who lived with her husband in Gobindapur village of Howrah district. Next to him was Prabhas Chandra. He joined the Ramakrishna Mission and was given the monkhood name Swami Vedananda. The youngest brother, Prakash Chandra, lived in Sarat Chandra's household with his family. The youngest sibling, sister Sushila Devi, was also married.

In Rangoon, Sarat Chandra's neighbour downstairs was a Bengali "mistri" (a blue-collar worker) who had arranged his daughter's marriage to an alcoholic. The daughter Shanti Chakrabarty begged him to rescue her. Sarat Chandra married her in 1906. Two years later, he was devastated when his wife and one-year old son died from plague. A Bengali mistri friend, Krishna Das Adhikari, requested him to marry his 14-year-old widow daughter, Mokshada. Sarat Chandra was initially reluctant, but he eventually agreed. He renamed his wife Hironmoyee and taught her to read and write. She outlived him by 23 years. They did not have any children.

House of Chattopadhyay
After returning from Burma, Sarat Chandra stayed for 11 years in Baje Shibpur, Howrah. Then he made a house in the village of Samta, in 1923, where he spent the later twelve years of his life as a novelist. His house is known as Sarat Chandra Kuthi. The two-storied Burmese style house was also home to Sarat Chandra's brother, Swami Vedananda. His and his brother's samadhi are within the house's compound. Trees like bamboo and guava planted by the renowned author still stand tall in the gardens of the house.

Impact and legacy
J. D. Anderson's Views

James Drummond Anderson, who was a member of the prestigious Indian Civil Service of British India and a leading authority on several Indian languages, was an early admirer of Sarat Chandra. In an article entitled "A New Bengali Writer" in London's prestigious Times Literary Supplement dated 11 July 1918, Anderson writes: "His knowledge of the ways and thoughts and language of women and children, his power of transferring these vividly to the printed page, are such as are rare indeed in any country. In India, and especially in the great "joint family" residences of Bengal, swarming with women of all ages and babies of all sizes, there is a form of speech appropriated to women's needs, which Mr. [Rudyard] Kipling somewhere describes as choti boli, the "little language." Of this Mr. Chatterjee is an admirable master, to an extent indeed not yet attained, we believe, by any other Indian writer.

Anderson comments about Sarat Chandra's fondness for the past: "Mr. Chatterjee is much too true an artist to allow his gift of kindly yet scrupulously accurate observation to be distracted by social or political prejudice. He is, we gather, on the whole inclined towards a sane conservatism: he remains a Hindu at heart in a country whose whole civilization is based on Hindu culture. He has, we dimly suspect, his doubts as to the wisdom and working of Europeanized versions of the old religion and the old customs. But he is so keen and amused a spectator of the life about him, whether in cosmopolitan Calcutta or in somnolent little villages buried in dense verdure among the sunny ricefields, that it is not without doubts and diffidence that we attribute to him a tendency to praise past times and comfortable old conventions."

Regarding Sarat Chandra's popularity, he noted: "It is of excellent omen that Mr. Chatterjee's art has received such instant and wide appreciation in his own country Let us hope that in other Indian provinces there are rising authors as keenly observant and gifted with a like faculty of easy and natural expression."

About the difficulties of translating his work, Anderson opines: "It may be doubted whether Mr. Chatterjee's tales can be adequately rendered into English, and therefore, perhaps, some apology is due to English readers who may never come across any of the work of this talented young Bengali." Anderson planned to translate his works. But he died in 1920 and the translations never happened.

Anderson's article was both prophetic and one of the best assessments of Sarat Chandra.

Views of Indian Writers and Academics

The phenomenal popularity of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay has been attested by some of the most prominent writers as well as literary critics across India in their writings. Most of the authors in Assam and Odisha, at least before the Independence, read him admiringly in original Bengali; rest of India read him in translations in varying quality.

Publishers were never tired of reprinting his works; he remains the most translated, the most adapted and the most plagiarized author. His novels also reached a number of people through the medium of film and he is still an important force in Indian cinema.

Malayalam poet and lyricist O. N. V. Kurup writes "...Sarat Chandra's name is cherished as dearly as the names of eminent Malayalam novelists. His name has been a household word".

Dr Mirajkar informs "the translations of Sarat Chandra created a stir amongst the readers and writers all over Maharashtra. He has become a known literary personality in Maharashtra in the rank of any popular Marathi writers including H. N. Apte, V. S. Khandekar, N. S. Phadke and G. T. Madkholkar". Jainendra Kumar, who considers that his contribution towards the creation and preservation of cultural India is second, perhaps, only to that of Gandhi, asks a rhetorical question summing up Sarat Chandra's position and presumably the role of translation and inter-literary relationship: "Sarat Chandra was a writer in Bengali; but where is that Indian language in which he did not become the most popular when he reached it?"

Screen Adaptations
Nearly 90 screen adaptations have been made in the Indian subcontinent based on Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's works.

Devdas

His Devdas is a perennial favourite of directors and producers. More than twenty films and television series have been based on this novel. They have been made in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan; in languages Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Malayalam, Odia, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.

Multiple Screen Adaptations

His romantic drama novel Datta was adapted into the Bengali film as Datta in 1951 directed by Saumyen Mukhopadhyay starring Sunanda Banerjee and Manoranjan Bhattacharyya with Ahindra Choudhury as Rashbehari, The 1961 Telugu film Vagdanam by Acharya Aatreya was loosely based on the novel. The 1976 Bengali film starring Suchitra Sen and Soumitra Chatterjee and a 2023 film starring Rituparna Sengupta were based on Datta.

Apne Paraye (1980) by Basu Chatterjee, starring Amol Palekar, was based on Nishkriti. The Telugu film Thodi Kodallu (1957) was also based on this novel.

In 1957 Bardidi (translate: oldest sister) was made by director Ajoy Kar based on the novel with the same name. Two more films on the novel followed. In 1961, Batasari ( translation:  Wayfarer) was made in Telugu language, produced and directed by Ramakrishna of Bharani Pictures. It was simultaneously made in Tamil as Kaanal Neer ( translation:  Mirage).

Rajlakshmi O Srikanta (1958) and Indranath Srikanta O Annadadidi (1959), based on Srikanta, were made by Haridas Bhattacharya, Kamallata (1969), Rajlakshmi Srikanta (1987), Iti Srikanta (2004) were also based on Srikanta.

Parineeta has also been made several times in both Bengali and Hindi.

Chandranath (1957), starring Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Sen, was based on Sarat Chandra's novella Chandranath. The 1966 Kannada movie Thoogudeepa was also based on the same novel. Chandranath (1984) won four awards in the 1984 National Film Awards of Bangladesh.

Other Movies

Majhli Didi (1967) by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and Swami (1977), for which he was awarded the Filmfare Award for Best Story, are other adaptations.

Chhoti Bahu (1971) is based on his novel Bindur Chhele.

Gulzar's 1975 film, Khushboo is majorly inspired by his work Pandit Mashay.

The 2011 film Aalo Chhaya is based on his short story, Aalo O Chhaya.

Sabyasachi (film) was released in 1977 based on his work Pather Dabi.

Award

Sarat Chandra posthumously won the 1978 Filmfare Award for Best Story for Swami (1977).

Works
Sarat Chandra primarily wrote novels, novellas, and stories. In 1903, his first printed work, Mandir, was published. His first novel, Bardidi, was serialized in the Bharati magazine and made him famous.

Novels and Novellas He also wrote essays, which were anthologized in Narir Mulya (1923) and Svadesh O Sahitya (1932). Shrikanta, Charitrahin, Devdas, Grihadaha, Dena-Paona and Pather Dabi are among his most popular works. Pather Dabi was banned by the British Government because of its revolutionary theme. His posthumous publications include Chhelebelar Galpa, Shubhada (1938), Sheser Parichay (1939), Sharat Chandrer Granthabali (1948) and Sharat Chandrer Aprakashita Rachanabali (1951).
 * Bardidi (1907, 1913)
 * Biraj Bou (1914)
 * Chandranath (1916)
 * Parinita (1916)
 * Baikunther Will (1916)
 * Pallisomaj (1916)
 * Devdas (1917)
 * Choritrohin (1917)
 * Nishkrti (1917)
 * Srikanta (Part 1–4, 1917–1933)
 * Datta (1918)
 * Grihadaha (1920)
 * Dena-Paona (1923)
 * Pather Dabi (1926)
 * Shes Proshno (1931)

He wrote some essays including Narir Itihas (The History of Women) and Narir Mulya (The Value of Women). Narir Itihas, which was lost in a house fire, contained a history of women on the lines of Spencer's Descriptive Sociology. While the second, Narir Mulya gives a theory of women's rights in the context of Mill's and Spencer's arguments.

Stories
 * Aalo O Chhaya
 * Abhagir Swargo
 * Anupamar Prem
 * Anuradha
 * Andhare Aalo
 * Balya Smriti
 * Bilashi
 * Bindur Chhele, (Bindu's Son) 1913
 * Bojha
 * Cheledhora
 * Chobi
 * Darpochurno (Broken Pride)
 * Ekadoshi Bairagi
 * Kashinath
 * Haricharan
 * Harilakshmi
 * Lalu (parts 1, 2, and 3)
 * Mamlar Phol
 * Mandir
 * Mahesh (The Drought)
 * Mejdidi
 * Bochor Panchash Purber Ekti Kahini
 * Paresh
 * Path Nirdesh
 * Ramer Shumoti, (Ram's Good Sense) 1914
 * Sati
 * Swami (The Husband)

Plays Sarat Chandra converted three of his works into plays.
 * Bijoya
 * Rama
 * Shoroshi
 * Jai hind

Essays
 * Narir Mulya
 * Swadesh O Sahitya
 * Taruner Bidroho

Other works
 * Dehati Samaj, 1920
 * Sharoda (published posthumously)

Biography
 * Awara Masiha (in Hindi) by Vishnu Prabhakar
 * Great Vagabond: Biography and Immortal Works of Sarat Chandra Chatterjee

title: Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay


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Talk:21st Rule

Untitled
Best avoid the word "tabled" - to non-US readers it means more of less the opposite of what is intended. rossb 23:34, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:21st Rule


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Talk:List of Brisbane suburbs

Limits
Please don't add localities that are in metropolitan Brisbane but are not part of the city. This will prevent arguments over what is or is not part of Brisbane.Grace Note 23:34, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Please try not to add localities that are not gazetted as suburbs too. I left Kalinga in but isn't it only a few streets in Woolowin?Grace Note 05:12, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Sinnamon Park is listed twice - once in Western and once in Southern. I know technically it's South-West, but it's the only double-up and should just be assigned to one. Any votes for which? My feeling would be South, like Darra, as it's not on the Western side of the highway like the other Centenary suburbs are like Mount Ommaney, Westlake, Jindalee and so on. --Rockchicklibrarian (talk) 11:23, 30 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Since Sherwood, Corinda and Oxley are listed as western, I think Sinnamon Park and Darra are both western too. Sinnamon Park is very much one of the "Centenary suburbs" (Jindalee etc). Looking at a map, my informal sense of what's south and what's west seems to suggest that Oxley Creek (a flood plain) is the natural dividing line, which makes sense as it would have tended to quarantine development to either side. Kerry (talk) 20:52, 30 December 2015 (UTC)

Infobox
It looks to me like Mansfield is the only suburb with an infobox. I'm planning to put infoboxes on all the suburbs I create (which, if I don't die in the attempt, will be all of them) but I don't much like the one that's there. Does anyone care enough about it to have a say?

As a rough idea of what I'm considering, it would be Title above the box (not key facts because that doesn't match other infoboxes), then year gazetted, postal code, population. I don't really like the surrounding suburbs thing in the box, but I think it would work at the bottom of the article. Even better would be a map, but I don't have a suitable drawing package to make it with. If I can get a PD or free use map, I might try to do something.

Does anyone else have a view on this? I'd be more than happy to chat here or on my userpage. Does anyone have a view on what should be included in articles on suburbs? What would be good to see? My dream is a whole set of standardised articles, one for each suburb, with pictures and boxes. Grace Note 12:59, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Direction of this article
Hi everyone,

I wanted to discuss where this article is heading. I believe that if we want to meet the guidelines in WP:CSL we can do one of two things. Either improve this page so it is sorted on something that is not alphabetical, but instead a breakdown by location (proximity to city, direction from city). OR we should endeavour to create pages for every suburb missing a page and then remove this list in favour of the category page 'Suburbs of Brisbane'. At the moment this page is redundant, at least it will be when all the suburb pages have been created.

Anyone have suggestions about a better way to organise this page so it may live on?

Rimmeraj 12:12, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

 * The names of the suburbs being given in alphabetical order does make articles about the suburbs easier to find, so, perhaps it would be best to retain the alphabetical order of the suburbs — at least until a time when article pages have been set up for each of the suburbs, following which the category page 'Suburbs of Brisbane' should be sufficient.

 * I cannot think of a way in which this page could be better organized. Figaro 16:53, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree above with Figaro, would be better off waiting or creating the suburbs for those that dont have their page yet. I agree this page will eventually be redundant once all the suburbs on that page has been created. --Arnzy (talk • contribs) 05:55, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

 * All suburbs have now had pages created, some being very brief, but over time hopefully will be filled out.Rimmeraj 05:32, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I just made some modifications of the list to match up to the ourbrisbane.com site; so there are now a few missing pages. They have a pretty cool map there too. I also added an external link to the page. --Jonorossi 16:13, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks Jonorossi, I will create pages for those also. I will also be moving any information like the link to the map on ourbrisbane to the category page soon. Rimmeraj 22:56, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
 * articles have been created Rimmeraj 05:16, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * also, I have started a discussion in the Wikiproject for brisbane about how each suburb should be formatted.Rimmeraj 23:29, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

I agree with Figaro. Mind you, I think that you could just delete it in favour of the category. Grace Note

 * As no one has directly opposed the delete, and all suburbs have now been created, I plan to put this up for deletion by the end of the day. I will also archive this discussion onto the category page. Let me know asap if there is anyone who objects. Rimmeraj 00:51, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

I don't think this list ought to be deleted when there exist equivalents for other cities. Alternate ways of organising this list could include by postcode or by municipality. Perhaps wider discussion could be sought at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Australian places?--cj | talk 17:19, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

 * municipality does not work in Brisbane, all suburbs are Brisbane City Council Suburbs. post code? what is the benefit in that? Just because other cities have this list does not make it relevant for Brisbane. It is confusing to have two lists, the category and 'List of Brisbane Suburbs', where they are identicle. Can you provide any better options for the list? Either this list needs to meet one of the WP:LIST requirements (which it does not at the moment) or it should be removed. Rimmeraj 22:24, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

 * PS: if this change works well for Brisbane, then I was considering raising the topic in Australian Places to state that lists should not be required for suburbs, and categories can fulfill all the needs of the List using sub categories. (please lets not debate this point now). Rimmeraj 22:35, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

After reading the AFD page, I think we should redirect this page to the category page instead of deleting. Rimmeraj 03:19, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Cross name-space redirects are generally not done from articles.--cj | talk 10:29, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * After reading various articles on the redirects between namespace, I get the impression this is to stop links between 'article' namespace and 'wiki project' namespace... i.e. articles that redirect to user pages or project pages. I don't think the category should follow this rule. Why not redirect the list to the category? It seems better then deleting the list completely. Rimmeraj 06:30, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

Rename this List of Greater Brisbane suburbs
This article has gone well beyond the suburbs of Brisbane. Indeed, the 2nd sentence in the article says "The Greater Brisbane, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, consists of the following local government areas (LGAs)". I think it would "Greater Brisbane" would advise the reader that they can expect to find more than just the suburbs of the City of Brisbane in this list. Kerry (talk) 01:07, 3 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Brisbane suburbs