text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gatotsu

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE (created as a redirect afterwards). jni 16:44, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Gatotsu
Moved from Pages needing translation into English: Portuguese, might be a copyvio. Sietse 11:02, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * If it is copied, Google doesn't find the source. Martial-arts related. -- Jmabel | Talk 17:36, Jan 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * More precisely, swordsmanship, and I think it says it's a fictional technique. -- Jmabel | Talk 05:49, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * It is a fictional technique from the Rurouni Kenshin manga series. I don't believe it deserves its own article, and the text is not encyclopedic. It could be added to the main article, but it is really a dificult text, that tries to mimic the estereotyped writing of samurai masters, full of metaphors. I would rather someone more knowleadgeble in the manga wrote about it. JoaoRicardo 20:55, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Sounds like its not worth the trouble of translation & JoaoRicardo seems to think it's not even worth a transwiki to the Portuguese Wikipedia. Apparently (barely) valid topic, no problem with someone writing something from scratch. -- Jmabel | Talk 00:31, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--ZayZayEM 02:46, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, minor fictious manga character. Megan1967 04:21, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, untranslated, made-up cruft. Wyss 18:37, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Rurouni Kenshin minor characters or Saito Hajime. The character, Saito Hajime, isn't all that particularly minor, as he's very well remembered among fans of the serious.  It is about his swordsmanship move and there is a small note at the bottom of the page for Saito Hajime. -- AllyUnion (talk) 12:52, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Saito Hajime. Kappa 14:15, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Saito Hajime as per AllyUnion. JoaoRicardo 05:50, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gatotsu


text: User talk:142.103.128.62

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:142.103.128.62


text:
Talk:Magdeburg hemispheres

Comments by Herbee
From other sources I get the impression that von Guericke set up his demonstrations with hemispheres large enough so that the horses could not pull them apart. Detailed information seems hard to find, however. More research required. —Herbee 00:32, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

intellectual property nonsense
The phrase "Magdeburg hemispheres" has been trademarked by Kimball Physics Inc. See http://www.kimphys.com/mcf_vacuum_fittings/Catalog_PDFs/Magdebg_Hemisphere.pdf I hope this doesn't affect the article's status in any way, but I'm still a bit new and I figured I'd note the fact. --Yannick 17:10, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Uh, well I think this is a misunderstanding on their part of the idea of a trademark. No risk here, surely. Theoh 01:44, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Unnecessary?
Article: "unnecessary use of two opposing teams of horses"

Only unnecessary if you have an object so immovable that 15 horses can't budge it. I think it'd be easier to find another 15 horses. :-)

Of course, if you could find something strong enough to anchor one side to, it would make the experiment easier, as you wouldn't have the problem of balancing forces: I wonder how they kept the stronger team from pulling the weaker team away (as in tug-of-war). --Slashme 11:59, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I thought that it took that many horses to pull the spheres apart. ♫Deathgleaner 03:38, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I am suspicious of the claim that 15 horses can't lift a small car.  They must not have been trying very hard.Eregli bob (talk) 07:20, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

size
according to the German wikipedia the size of the spheres was about 50cm - that would make them close to two feet. Not really important, but still... --Lamme Goedzak 16:26, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I've found various figures for the diameter: 50 cm (20 in) (1, 2, 3), 56 cm (22 in) 4 5, 6, and 37 cm (14 in) 7.  The device in the woodcut looks closer to 2 feet in diameter, for what that's worth.  The original hemispheres are still in the Deutches Museum, so it should be possible to get an answer.  I want to include an estimate of the force holding the hemispheres together in the article.  It's proportional to the square of the diameter, so the factor of 2 spread in values results in a factor of 4 difference in the force.  I think I'll change the diameter in the article to the 50 cm figure, the most authoritative sources give that.   -- Chetvorno TALK 19:26, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

hi —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.173.127.174 (talk) 19:53, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

A Mistake in the Calculation?
The force holding the hemisphere, as mentioned in the article - 20 kN, seems to miss a 2 factor in the calculation. Notice that in Catala language the number is 40 kN, and I get the same when I try to calculate it. Can anyone confirm it before I edit the topic? Tambah (talk) 14:32, 11 November 2012 (UTC)
 * I get 20 kN. The forces on each hemisphere do not add together, they oppose each other and sum to zero net force. If the atmosphere produced a non-zero net force on the sphere, then it would accelerate. This is the same problem that leads people to believe that two teams of horses pulling in opposite directions produces more force than a single team pulling against a fixed object; they don't. I once tried to | point that out in the article.--Yannick (talk) 16:54, 11 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Well, if you use a fixed object, then both you and the object acts 20kN, so it sums to 40kN. If you use a pulley you can use even less force, but it doesn't change the net force acting on the target. Tambah (talk) 08:25, 12 November 2012 (UTC)

 * No. The force X from the fixed object is equal and opposite to the force X from the team of horses, so they sum to 0 kN, provided X<20 kN. If X=20 kN, then the compression force across the seal goes to zero, and air leaks in. In the absence of a pressure differential, the net atmospheric force goes to zero, and the 20kN forces accelerate the hemispheres in opposite directions until the rope tension goes to zero. Pulleys have nothing to do with this.
 * Anyway, doing our own math is not permitted by Wikipedia policy. Both of our calculations probably exceed WP:CALC and fall under WP:SYNTH. That means you can ask for a citation, and later delete the sentence if no one provides one. I would do the same if you revise the figure to 40 kN. Those spheres in the picture don't look like 50 cm anyway, and the technology of that time wouldn't have come anywhere close to full vacuum.--Yannick (talk) 13:56, 12 November 2012 (UTC)
 * You can see it is 20 kN by imagining one hemisphere is anchored to a wall. To pull the other hemisphere off, you have to exert a force on it equal to the force of air pressure on that SINGLE hemisphere, 20 kN.  Von Guericke just did it the other way so he could double the number of horses, so it would look more impressive.  Two equal teams of horses pulling against each other exert the same amount of force as one team pulling against a stationary post.  -- Chetvorno TALK 19:43, 12 November 2012 (UTC)

The first artificial vacuum had been produced a few years earlier by Evangelista Torricelli?
This is a little misleading. Torricelli had been conducting experiments with suction pumps and was trying to determine what limited their lift height to about 24 feet, so these pumps produced a near vacuum, limited by any leakage and the vapor pressure of the water. OF course, the barometer did have very high degree pf vacuum due to the low vapor pressure of mercury, but Torricelli recognized the space above the mercury column contained essentially nothing.Phmoreno (talk) 17:28, 18 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Torricelli and Galileo did not have vacuum pumps. Galileo's initial observations were of large water siphons, and Torricelli produced his vacuum by inverting a glass tube full of mercury. Guericke built the first vacuum pump. So no, you need to do better research.--Yannick (talk) 19:57, 21 December 2012 (UTC)

Hey, Everyone.
I just wanted to take a moment to stop and say "I love science, and I love Wikipedia." Thank you for all that you do to put this stuff out here for everyone to read and learn. I know that we're all volunteering our time and effort, and I really appreciate it. Even with all of the spammers, vandals, and bots, one page at a time, we're building an amazing compendium of knowledge for the next generations to have and hold in their pockets, and that's just not something that was available to me in my childhood. This give me hope for the future. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.236.136.184 (talk) 21:14, 12 September 2013 (UTC)

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Humpty Dumpty
It is late where I am, but I recall there being an urban legend that the nursery rhyme Humpty Dumpty was inspired by this experiment. This claim is likely false so far as I recall, but despite that, is the urban legend still notable enough to mention in this article? Shmuser (talk) 06:11, 27 September 2016 (UTC)

 * With a source, perhaps. A Google books search reveals only "''... perhaps from a science experiment.... Interesting, but not very convincing on its own. Any another source? - DVdm (talk) 20:46, 27 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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svg
i rebuilt this one: File:Magdeburg Hemispheres sheme.svg --Mrmw (talk) 07:23, 13 May 2020 (UTC)

"the mercury" — WHAT mercury?
I was reading the article, and I saw the second paragraph begins with this: "Speculation varied about the contents of the sphere. Many thought it was simply empty, while others argued the vacuum contained air or some finer aerial substance drawn from the mercury."

This text was originally added here: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magdeburg_hemispheres&oldid=1175989016

"Mercury" isn't referenced anywhere else in the article, and I can't see why it belongs here. I have no idea how it should be corrected. Zgystardst (talk) 17:59, 18 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Magdeburg hemispheres


text:
Redland

Redland or Redlands may refer to:

Australia

 * Redland City, Brisbane, Queensland
 * Electoral district of Redlands

Canada

 * Redland, Alberta
 * Redlands, Newfoundland and Labrador

United Kingdom

 * Redland, Bristol
 * Redland railway station
 * Redland, Orkney, a place in Orkney
 * Redlands (Reading ward)
 * Redlands, West Wittering, West Sussex
 * Redlands, Wiltshire
 * Redland Hundred, a hundred in the county of Dorset

United States

 * Redland, Alabama
 * Redland, Florida
 * Redland, Maryland
 * Redland, Oklahoma
 * Redland, Oregon
 * Redland, Texas
 * Redland, Virginia
 * Redlands, California
 * Redlands, Colorado
 * Redlands (Circleville, Ohio), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Pickaway County
 * Redlands (Covesville, Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Albemarle County

Other uses

 * Charles Redland (Carl Gustaf Mauritz Nilsson, 1911–1994), Swedish jazz musician\
 * Doyle Redland, the fictional newsreader on The Onion Radio News
 * Redland Football Club, a Brisbane, Australia, based sports club
 * Redland plc, a former British building materials business
 * Redland RDF Application Framework, an open-source software toolkit for the Resource Description Framework
 * The Redland, American hip-hop and R&B duo
 * Redlands, Cremorne, an independent school in New South Wales
 * Redlands Airfield, former grass-strip airfield near Swindon, England
 * University of Redlands, California, U.S.

title: Redland


text:
Yarrawarrah

Yarrawarrah is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 32 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Sutherland Shire.

The traditional inhabitants of Yarrawarrah are the Tharawal people, with Yarrawarrah being an Aboriginal word meaning mountain ash. Yarrawarrah is also the name of a ridge which was located in the vicinity between Heathcote and Waterfall.

History
A history of the Yarrawarra suburb is available at the Dictionary of Sydney Yarrawarra page, contributed by a Sutherland Shire Library local studies librarian, a summary of which follows. Prior to Yarrawarrah being recognised as a suburb by Geographical Names Board in 1971, the area was known as North Engadine. Charles McAlister, a pioneering developer of the Engadine area took up the first portions of crown land in 1887, likely offered for sale due to the opening of the Illawarra railway line to Waterfall earlier in 1886. The initial residents of the area in the 1920s consisted of the returning soldiers and their families after World War I and then later families moving from inner Sydney suburbs during the Depression. In the 1930s, families were relocated to the area from existing unemployment camps in Cook Park at Botany Bay.

Through 1939, industrialisation increased in the area with a clay and shale pit at the end of what is now Old Bush Road, although of limited impact other than to increase the visibility of the need of improved access. In 1952, bush fires caused significant damage further highlighting the limited access, and helped establish a new progress association in 1959 in front of the general store located on Old Bush Road. In 1962, the State Housing Commission announced it was planning a new suburb on 80 acres (32.3 hectares) of crown land between Loftus and Engadine and adjacent to the north Engadine settlement.

In 1968, the primary school was built on Old Bush Road, with a proposed name of Engadine North, however, this was rejected by the Geographical Names Board, instead settling on Yarrawarrah (being an Aboriginal word for mountain ash and a nearby ridgeline). Thus, the proposal of the new suburb being seen by some as potentially absorbing Engadine North, and a counter concern that Engadine itself could encompass the entire region to Old Bush Road, in 1971 led to the Geographical Names Board officially designated the area Yarrawarrah.

In the 1970s, changes to the way the Princes Highway was routed allowed further road access to the area which were completed in 1975. A final request for a Railway station was rejected by council in 1979. In 1983 Sutherland council allocated funds to build a new hall under the name of Yarrawarrah Community Hall. The North Engadine Scout Hall remained and is still adjacent to it. The new hall was opened in 1984. Through the 1990s the local community amenities continued to be developed with the local shopping village growing to provide for the growing demand of local residents.

Population
At the, there were 2,775 people in Yarrawarrah. 84.9% of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of birth was England at 3.5%. 92.1% of people only spoke English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 33.6%, Catholic 27.8% and Anglican 19.8%.

Locale
Yarrawarrah borders the Royal National Park and contains many pockets of bushland. It is a hilly suburb stretching to the valley of Engadine, with several fire trail heads (Turrella, Fairy Creek). Yarrawarrah contains many streets named after places in Western Australia and South Australia, including Nullabor Place, Gibson Street, Wittenoom Place, Roebourne Street, Carnarvon Street and Exmouth Place, along with Aboriginal themes (animals, plants) and War themes (Victoria's Cross recipients, notable local veterans).

Local Amenities
Yarrawarrah has a small shopping village with a landmark windmill, containing a medical practice, pharmacy hair salon, Italian and Chinese restaurants, and a convenience store. The windmill itself has gained popularity in November 2009. The Yarrawarrah Community Hall is also across the road from the shopping village with a main hall (90 standing, 70 seated) and meeting room (15 standing, 10 seated) available for hire, with adjacent North Engadine Scout Hall.

Yarrawarrah also has a community run, hobby Internet connected weather station.

Education
Yarrawarrah Public School was established in 1968 is located behind the shopping village on Old Bush Road.

Sport
Yarrawarrah has two sporting ovals:
 * Old Bush Road Oval on Old Bush Road (home to the Engadine Lions Rugby Union Club] and National Touch Rugby Australia games)
 * Yarrawarrah Reserve on the corner of Giles Street and Wheatley Road (home to Yarrawarrah Tigers Junior Rugby League Football Club and Yarrawarrah Tigers Junior Baseball Club])

Transport
The Princes Highway is the main road that borders Yarrawarrah, to the east. There were originally requests to build a wooden railway platform in 1936, but it was never built, with road access being improved, further requests to build a train station in Yarrawarrah were raised in the 1970s, however the plans never went ahead, being refused by council in 1979. The closest train stations are Engadine and Loftus. Buses also service the area, notably Transdev NSW 991 and 993 routes.

title: Yarrawarrah


text: User talk:69.196.96.171

title: User talk:69.196.96.171


text:
Party of the Nation's Retirees

The Party of the Nation's Retirees (Partido dos Aposentados da Nação, PAN) was a minor political party in Brazil, founded on November 22, 1995, which aimed to increase the representation of retired people in politics, to defend their rights and to fight corruption.

The party's first participation in elections happened in 1996, under a provisory registry, when it nominated candidates for councillor in Salvador and other municipalities. In 2004, it had its first elected mayoral candidate in Igarapava, in the interior of São Paulo.

On October 5, 2006, after failing to achieve the minimum number of votes required to surpass an electoral threshold introduced that year, the party merged into the Brazilian Labour Party. However, due to the invalidation of this threshold by the Supreme Federal Court on December 7, an appeal by the party against the ratification of the merger was sent to the Superior Electoral Court, but was rejected.

title: Party of the Nation's Retirees


text: User talk:67.68.208.21

title: User talk:67.68.208.21


text:
User:Rudeboy87

Look, this is a completely ridiculous article I made about myself (which is stupid unto itself) like 3 years ago that I never bothered to update. It's really outdated and embarassing and I hate it and don't want it to exist anymore. I especially don't want it coming up when my name is Googled. Revert it back to its original state if you want, but all you're doing is preserving a complete waste of Internet Space.

Even my username is outdated. Rudeboy87? I don't even like ska anymore.

title: User:Rudeboy87


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/FEUP

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 18:27, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)

FEUP
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto.

Discussion moved from Pages needing translation into English: Portuguese, might be a copyvio from. --TenOfAllTrades 02:47, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, that page says, "© Copyright 2004, Departamento de Engenharia de Minas. Cópia literal e distribuição desta página na íntegra são permitidas em qualquer meio, desde que este aviso seja preservado," which I believe means that we could copy the page, as long as we preserve their copyright notice. I'm not sure how that works for us: it speaks of copying, but not of derived work. -- Jmabel | Talk 07:49, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it says that unmodified copies of the page are allowed so long as the copyright message is preserved. — Ливай | ☺ 16:26, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Google translator says "© Copyright 2004, Department of Engineering of Mines. Literal copy and distribution of this page in the complete one are allowed in any way, since that this acknowledgment is preserved." — Ливай | ☺ 16:31, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * As I said: the problem is, that it doesn't say anything about derived work, and once it's in Wikipedia, we have to be free to modify it. I think we should just delete it and if someone wants to do the topic they should start from an unencumbered text. -- Jmabel | Talk 17:54, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The expression cópia literal means "verbatim copy". I believe it rules out changing the text. JoaoRicardo 21:05, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Maybe this should be handeled on WP:CP instead? I don't really care. Basically, this is legal for us to use unmodified, but encumbered with restrictions that make it unsuitable for Wikipedia. And the topic is only marginally encyclopedic. -- Jmabel | Talk 00:37, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Conflict with copyright restrictions of wikipedia.  RJFJR 02:44, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * DElete--ZayZayEM 02:46, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per previous statements. -- Cyrius|✎ 02:49, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unsuitable for Wikipedia since we cannot change it. JoaoRicardo 06:49, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/FEUP


text:
Romance studies

Romance studies or Romance philology (filolochía romanica; filologia romànica; romanistique; latinida filologio; filologia romanza; filologia românica; romanistică; filología románica) is an academic discipline that covers the study of the languages, literatures, and cultures of areas that speak Romance languages. Romance studies departments usually include the study of Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese. Additional areas of study include Romanian and Catalan, on one hand, and culture, history, and politics on the other hand.

Becoming fluent in Romance studies requires extensive, specialized training focused on a thorough exploration of the histories of languages and literatures. This education includes detailed study in textual scholarship, paleography, and classical languages, which are core aspects of philological disciplines.

Because most places in Latin America speak a Romance language, Latin America is also studied in Romance studies departments. As a result, non-Romance languages in use in Latin America, such as Quechua and Guarani, are sometimes also taught in Romance studies departments.

Romance studies departments differ from single- or two-language departments in that they attempt to break down the barriers in scholarship among the various languages, through interdisciplinary or comparative work. These departments differ from Romance language departments in that they place a heavier emphasis on connections between language and literature, among others.

Notable people
In 2015, Barbara De Marco, author of The Origins and Practice of Romance Philology explained that Yakov Malkiel, a Romance philologist, "takes determined steps to assure the future of studies in Romance philology; by 1946 he has secured the necessary institutional support to launch the journal Romance Philology".

Journals and works
Romance Philology is an academic journal, founded with the goal of exploring the breadth and depth of Romance languages. It covers a wide range of topics including late Latin, medieval literatures of the Romance languages, historical and general linguistics, and textual criticism. The journal, recognized for its prestigious contributions to the study of linguistic history and medieval literature of the Romance languages, has built an international reputation since its inception. It is published biannually, with issues in the autumn and spring, featuring contributions from global experts in various languages. Recent editions have particularly focused on the evolution of Romance languages in the Americas.

title: Romance studies


text: User talk:65.120.153.210

title: User talk:65.120.153.210


text: User talk:65.99.141.195

title: User talk:65.99.141.195


text: User talk:212.59.64.176

title: User talk:212.59.64.176


text: User talk:208.217.164.134

title: User talk:208.217.164.134


text: User talk:65.185.176.49

title: User talk:65.185.176.49


text:
Les Steckel

Les Steckel (born July 1, 1946) is an American football coach currently serving as the quarterbacks coach at Centre College. He was the third head coach of the Minnesota Vikings in 1984, and he has also worked as an assistant coach with the San Francisco 49ers, New England Patriots, Denver Broncos, Houston Oilers/Tennessee Titans, Buffalo Bills and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

Early years
Steckel was born in Whitehall, Pennsylvania and attended the University of Kansas, where he was a Golden Gloves boxing champion and graduated in 1968 with a triple degree in social work, human relations, and political science. He volunteered on the Robert F. Kennedy presidential campaign that year with Rosey Grier.

He then enlisted in the Marines and served in Vietnam as infantry. He retired from the Marine Reserves after thirty years of service with the rank of Colonel.

After his return from Vietnam in 1970, Steckel was stationed in Quantico, Virginia, where he played football for the Quantico Marines football team until 1971. He joined the USMC Reserves in 1972.

Coaching career
Steckel then worked as an assistant football coach at the University of Colorado from 1973 to 1976. He was an assistant at Navy in 1977, then an assistant with the San Francisco 49ers in 1978.

Steckel joined the Minnesota Vikings coaching staff as the receivers coach in 1979 and remained an assistant coach through the 1983 season. He was promoted to head coach of the Vikings for the 1984 season after longtime coach Bud Grant retired. As a coach with a military background, Steckel emphasized discipline. He was fired after one season, in which the team posted a 3–13 record. He was succeeded by Grant, who briefly came out of retirement to fill the post.

He later worked as an assistant coach or coordinator with the New England Patriots from 1985 to 1988, then with Brown University in 1989, followed by another two years at the University of Colorado from 1991 to 1992. He returned to the NFL with the Denver Broncos from 1993 to 1994, followed by five years with the Houston Oilers/Tennessee Titans, where he helped lead them to Super Bowl XXXIV as offensive coordinator. In a surprise move, Steckel left the Titans just three weeks later to become offensive coordinator of Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2000. The result was the Bucs' highest-scoring season ever, a 10–6 record, and a trip to the playoffs. Despite his transformation of the team's offense, Steckel's drill sergeant approach to coaching was a poor fit for the Tampa Bay franchise. Less than one year on the job, he was fired after the Bucs lost 21–3 to the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Wild Card Game. His final year of professional coaching was with the Buffalo Bills in 2003. He became president of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes on March 1, 2005 after taking time off to coach his son's high school team. During his one year of coaching at the high school, the team won the Tennessee state high school championship.

In January 2021, Steckel joined the coaching staff at Centre College, in Danville, Kentucky, as the team's quarterbacks coach. Shortly after joining the team, Centre College's offensive coordinator Ben Fox left to become the head coach for Maryville College. Steckel was then promoted to offensive coordinator, and he left the team after the season. The Colonels finished the season 2-2 while averaging 31.5 points per game. Trentin Dupper, the Colonels' quarterback, earned the Southern Athletic Association Newcomer of the Year award under Steckel's tutelage.

Personal life
He is married to the former Chris Picket, and they have three children: Lesley, a graduate of Baylor University, Luke Steckel, who played football at Princeton University and is currently the offensive line coach for the Chicago Bears; and Christian, also a Baylor graduate, is a reporter and host for Bally Sports Southwest. Les's brother, Dave Steckel, is the former head coach of the Missouri State Bears football team and previously served under Gary Pinkel at Missouri. Dave served as the defensive coordinator for the team when they won back-to-back SEC East championships in 2013 and 2014.

title: Les Steckel


text:
Palen Creek Correctional Centre

Palen Creek Correctional Centre is situated about 100 km south west of Brisbane in the rural community of Rathdowney. HM Prison Palen Creek was established in 1934. This was the first prison in the Commonwealth to have absolutely no security measures except the honour of prisoners selected to go there. Prisoners erected their own buildings (they lived in tents originally) and sold produce from prisoner maintained market gardens. In 1937, there was a daily average of 50 male prisoners at Palen Creek.

Palen Creek now accommodates 170 prisoners. The centre is designed for low and open security male inmates. The operational focus of these activities places an emphasis upon the need to ensure that inmates address their offending behaviour. This is facilitated by programs including vocational training, industry based employment and general education aimed at increasing skill levels of literacy and numeracy.

Staffing of the centre reflects a multi-disciplinary team-based approach to operational requirements, with the management structure founded upon functional area responsibilities and team management principles. The centre is now managed and linked to Wolston Correctional Centre in Brisbane.

The industries operating at Palen Creek are cattle, chillies, and farm produce including vegetables, fruit and eggs which supply the centre's kitchens. There is now also a rag industry workshop, where old clothes are prepared and recycled for industrial use.

title: Palen Creek Correctional Centre


text:
Talk:Posh

American English
I don't think this word is used in most of the US. I didn't know it before I went to Britain and none of the Americans I know did either except the ones from Massachusettes.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 137.44.1.200 (talk) 20:49, 8 December 2006 (UTC).

Etymology
I hear say it came from "P and O SHipping", proberbly aprochyphal, but worth a mention? Boffy b 00:44, 2005 Feb 12 (UTC)

I heard it was an abbriviations for people attending bording school that didn't have a title, but still was rich. But I am fraid I don't remerber what it was abbriviation for.

WRONG - comes from Port Out, Starboard Home. This refers to wealthy people travelling to and from India and the side of the ship they stayed on to get the sun. User CALUM 6 Oct 2005.

 * Did you actually read the articles? The one on Fake etymology clearly states:
 * P.O.S.H. (for posh). Port Out, Starboard Home; port supposedly being the side of the ship (and starboard on the return journey) having the best cabins when sailing between the UK and India.
 * If you were to have solid evidence of your alleged insight I am sure the experts would like to know. So: sources please?

"The story goes that the more well-to-do passengers travelling to and from India used to have POSH written against their bookings, standing for 'Port Out, Starboard Home' (indicating the more desirable cabins, on the shady side of the ship). Unfortunately, this story did not make its appearance until the 1930s, when the term had been in use for some twenty years, and the word does not appear to have been recorded in the form 'P.O.S.H.', which would be expected if it had originated as an abbreviation. Despite exhaustive enquiries by the late Mr George Chowdharay-Best, researcher for the OED, including interviews with former travellers and inspection of shipping company documents, no supporting evidence has been found." OED --MJB 14:43, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually the earliest mention on google books is a 1921 journal: "Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research", London:

 * "It is perhaps worth mentioning that "Posh" is P. & O. slang abbreviating "Port Out, Starboard Home," the coolest cabins occupied by the "best people". Gustav von Humpelschmumpel 15:42, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Hmm that may be a red herring as the date may be the date of the society's foundation not the publication date? Gustav von Humpelschmumpel 15:47, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

I really have to wonder if people have lost their minds. Lack of evidence for the acronym prior to the 1920's is not even remotely "proof" that the acronym explanation is wrong. Often things that are common knowledge are not mentioned and not explained until long after thier origins have become obscured by the passage of time. In this case we seem to be dealing with a term that was not initially well known but more along the lines of insider information that probably took a long time to become common knowledge, like knowing what are the best rooms to get in a hotel. Indeed, one would expect explanatory evidence to be slim until a generation or two has passed. In any case it is plain science that absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Further the absolute lack of any other even remotely likely explanation, and the quick and unconteseted acceptance of the acronym when the cruise lines were still a major form of international transportation suggests it is the likely origin of the word. As such I'm editing the etymology to reflect the fact that the acronym explanation may be correct, instead of the current assumption that it must be wrong.DHBoggs 01:50, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Money
The only evidenced definition of the word posh was 19th- and early 20th-century British slang for "money," specifically "a halfpenny, cash of small value." This word is borrowed from the Romany word påh, "half," which was used in combinations such as påhera, "halfpenny."

re Romani origin: the article 'Romani Language' mentions posh as a Romani word that has been borrowed by English. Perhaps a link or cross reference could be made (I don't know how to do it)142.68.51.163 15:57, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, but that seems to be a different, earlier meaning where "posh" meant a small amount, not ostentatious wealth. Carlo (talk) 17:19, 23 June 2023 (UTC)

Opening line
I am no sure what "describes the somewhat over-the-top affectations of luxuries affected by those with social pretensions" means but it doesn't sound correct to me.--JK the unwise 14:19, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I must agree. I believe that the intro line is a jumble of unecessary euphemisms/politically correct terms. It definitely needs to be replaced. Stoa 06:54, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

The "half penny" definition is accurate in reference to small money as slang. In the Marine Industry it is widely known the acronym P.O.S.H. refers to Port out, Starboard home for wealthy passengers traveling from England to India. Understanding Port=Leftside of ship, and Starboard=rightside, a POSH cabin would allow a view of land when close enough. The term Starboard came from ongoing mispronunciation of "STEERINGBOARD". Many Large ships where built with steeringboard(tiller) on the righside because the leftside(port)would always be on the dock or the port. I trust this will assist JK in his/her wisdom, and add some credibility to wiki. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.68.133.172 (talk) 05:04, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Jersey connection?
Just came back from a trip to Jersey, and saw on various signs and notices "Parish Of St Hellier", often abbreviated to POSH - Just a thought... CarrPA 18:24, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Possible but unlikely etymology - I'd be personally very interest in any further research you do on that, but it's clearly original research and thus not something we can put in the article --Estarriol talk 15:34, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Reordering of article
I've added some basic section headers and changed the order of paragraphs around to suit the general reference better, of course this is from my sense of the word so the opinions of others would be very welcome. I think this article could do with some work, although there's good material here already... it's missing something, IMO, for a reader who had come here to learn the sense of the word. --Estarriol talk 15:37, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Spice Girls
What about Posh Spice? Shouldn't their be a mention of Victoria Beckham the of the Spice Girls? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.207.160.153 (talk) 18:13, 22 November 2006

 * A Wikipedia reader searching Posh Spice or "Posh Nosh" won't arrive at this page anyway. Clutter is noise. --Wetman 19:47, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I moved her around without coming to grips with this point. I don't believe my G-search result
 * about 1,360,000 for Posh -"Posh Spice" Victoria OR Beckham
 * is numerically correct -- i can't see how it could be, in light of
 * about 330,000 for Posh "Posh Spice" Victoria OR Beckham
 * and in light of other suggestions i've seen that Google does something weird when you try to insist on excluding the hits that use a word in the "wrong" context -- but the actual hits #1-10, 91-100, and 491-500 are all instances of mention her or him, and "Posh" meaning her outside the phrase "Posh Spice". So a VB entry on the accompanying Dab is not a case of mere Dab clutter. --Jerzy•t 04:49, 11 October 2009 (UTC)

Romani word?
The article is included in the Category:Romani loan words, but nothing is said in the article to suggest that this term actually comes from Romani--Al Bargit

See the additional paragraph and reference point to 1890s Dictionary that I added. This seems to be the Romani source point and also includes the 'dandy' definition. joeteller —Preceding comment was added at 18:17, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

Deleted
I have removed:

~ Posh and Naughty~ Posh and Naughty is a Unique Boutique located in the Quaker Hill Section of Portsmouth, RI It is an exciting place created and owned by Trisha Smith, a single mother who came up with the idea after fighting and winning an 18 month custody battle that nearly broke her confidence, one day she used that last grain of resilency in her heart, woke up feeling that it was the start of something new and went out and ambitiously secured the location of 2576 East Main Road with $10.00 in her pocket, entrepreneurial sprit and the resolve that she would succeed in this endeavor. You can visit www.poshandnaughty.com for more information.

From the football section. Metty 13:56, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

P.O.S.H. and views of land
During cruises from the UK to India and similar locals, "Port out, Starboard home" would refer to having a view of land (more interesting than a view of blank ocean, not the "shady" side (which would vary between morning and afternoon). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.60.67.242 (talk) 01:14, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

Actually, if you've ever been on a boat at sea, the above is not really true. In the Northern Hemisphere, having a south facing porthole would rapidly heat your cabin throughout the day whereas the north facing would stay cool throughout the day. Architects often design houses around this principle.

Do we have good arguments against the deletion of this page?
As far as I can see, this is not an encyclopaedia article. Posh is near universally understood as an adjective. The current assertion that it is "an element of fashion" would need to be strongly supported. I think that some of the content could probably go into the Wiktionary entry for "posh". However, I think the rest (for example the Peterborough United and Plain Old Semantic HTML content) either already is, or easily could be, incorporated into a relevant article. If you examine 75.74.156.42's edits, you will find that s/he has a point in objecting to the description of "posh" as an adjective. However, 75.74.156.42's removal of dictionary style content doesn't change the fact that there doesn't seem to be genuine encyclopaedic significance to this article. I also don't really see how this could be a useful redirect page, either. It could maybe be a disambiguation page for Victoria Beckham and Peterborough United but how useful would that be?

So do we have good reasons why this article needs to stay? 75.74.156.42 seems to be the user who has the strongest opinions about the value of posh as something other than an adjective, so if s/he could contribute and support the "element on fashion" claim with sources, we might be able to move toward building an encyclopaedic article, even if its only a stub. If we can't I will list this article in AfD and we can move on to the next stage of the process. Thanks in advance for your contributions. Howfar (talk) 01:28, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

Reason for notability
The deletion discussion seems to have reach the consensus that this article is notable because of the disputed etymology of the word. I want to get to some sort of consensus on remodelling this page to remove extraneous, non-encyclopedic, information and instead focussing on the origin, history, significance of the etymology and false etymologies of posh. I really favour, eventually, renaming this page to something like Etymology of 'posh', but I think that there is groundwork to be done before that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.107.203.158 (talk) 15:20, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I suggested Etymology of "posh" at Articles for deletion/Posh, but I have another idea I prefer. Since the most important thing about the word from an encyclopaedic point of view is the false etymology and its cultural significance, we could rewrite the Etymology section as an article on Port Out, Starboard Home, still explaining the uncertainty over the correct etymology although that wouldn't be the focus of the article. Then turn the "Other meanings" section of Posh into a disambiguation list (as suggested by User:Howfar at AFD), merging the details into Peterborough United F.C., etc., and including a "See also" link to Port Out, Starboard Home.
 * This would keep all the content under titles which are plausible search terms, and would avoid violating the "not a dictionary" policy even if that's interpreted as including etymological dictionaries. EALacey (talk) 08:51, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

 * In the absence of comment, I went ahead and carried this out, leaving a Wiktionary link at Posh for readers looking for a definition. The story of the Peterborough United F.C. nickname wasn't adequately sourced, so I decided against merging it into the club's article. I was surprised to see that Victoria Beckham seems to be the only topic correctly referred to as "Posh" (rather than "POSH" or "The Posh"); a purist might say that Posh should actually be a redirect to her article, but I think there's a clear enough common-sense case for keeping a page with links to the other topics. EALacey (talk) 21:01, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Purported origin
P.O.S.H.= for passenger vessels traveling to and from America or the Caribbean,  debarking from either England or Europe in the Northern Hemisphere meant Port Out(left side of ship) and Starboard Home (right side of ship). Allowing the Higher $paying passengers (*usually with balconies or private suites) to observe the sunsets while on holiday or a voyage, in both directions. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:244:5380:a340:157d:6606:2589:4531 (talk • contribs) 10:19, 1 November 2022 (UTC)
 * This is untrue, and has been comprehensively debunked in this article. Ghmyrtle (talk) 13:14, 4 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Posh


text:
Manyika tribe

The Manyika tribe is a Shona sub-group that originated from Manyika Dynasty. Manyika people speak several dialects which include ChiManyika (Northern Manyika), ChiBocha (Southern Manyika), ChiUngwe, ChiHera, Chijindwi and the Urban dialect which is spoken in urban centers like Mutare and Rusape.

The majority of Manyika comes from the eastern region of Zimbabwe and western Mozambique. The dialect is widely spoken in Manicaland Province, upper parts of Mashonaland (Mutoko, Rushinga and Mudzi districts), Manica Province, Sofala, Tete and Zambezia. Those from Nyanga, Nyamaropa, Nyatate and surrounding regions speaks ChiManyika variant whereas those from the Buhera and Bocha areas spoke ChiHera and ChiBocha variants. There are inherent cultural norms in each of the sub-regions inhabited by the Manyika.

Language
The Manyika language is a dialect of the broader Shona language. Largely spoken by the Manyika people in the eastern parts of Zimbabwe and across the border in Mozambique. During colonization the term was taken to include all people from Manicaland an administrative province of eastern Zimbabwe. The Manyika are the people under chief Mutasa whose territory used to stretch into now Mozambique. To the south it is bordered by the Jindwi dialect also known as Chibocha. The Jindwi share borders with the Ndau in Chimanimani stretching down to Chipinge and have the Vahera to the west. The Ndau dialect is complicated on its own with people from the dry parts distinct from those from the highlands. The other cultures and dialects married into the Manyika dialect are Chiungwe which is for the people mostly under Makoni this dialect is clearly distinct form the others mentioned above. Nyanga also has a lot of other dialects that are distinct from Zezuru and the Chimanyika where they were married into. The Wanyama under chief Saunyama and the Wahwesa in Kairezi, the Tangwena in Nyamaropa and the VaBarwe are dialects that were included to make the Manyika dialect.

Variations in local vocabulary and word prefixes exist. In East Africa, manyika means "be known"; therefore, some people have Manyika as their surname. The prefix Va- (used in Shona before male names to signify seniority and respect) is Sa- in Manyika. It is also replaced by wa-; vanhu vakaenda vakawanda becomes wanhu wakaenda wakawanda. However, in some areas Zezuru and Karanga words have been completely altered when they are translated into ChiManyika; for example, the Zezuru word Nhasi (meaning "today") becomes Nyamusi in Manyika.

The identification through cultures languages and artificial boundaries worked well in separating and dividing the Zimbabweans thus making it easier for the management and control of the administrative districts. This however failed to maintain and appreciate the religious and cultural norms of these dialects. This has been adopted by the current governments though these boundaries have been shifted the identification of these dialects as representing a culture is still to be considered. This has subsequently led to the abandonment and lack of appreciation of minority cultures by so doing killing the aspect of identity and belonging.

History
In 1695 Emperor Changamire Dombo overran the rich gold-producing kingdom of Manyika, descending to the lowlands on the eastern edge of the country to destroy the Portuguese market town at Masikwesi. Dombo now controlled the whole gold-producing territory from Butwa in the southwest to Manyika in the northeast.

Another use for the word Manyika was developed by the Portuguese in the late 19th century.

"On a Portuguese map of 1887...its boundaries extended along the Zambezi from Shupanga to near Tete, then south-west along the Mazoe and south by the Sabi river valley to its junction with the Odzi river, then east along the Musapa and Buzi rivers to the mouth of the Pungwe. This enormous size of Manyika was evidently fixed by political and commercial considerations. The Mazoe river valley was included because of rumours of abundant alluvial gold. The Kingdom of Manyika over which the Manyika rulers...exercised authority...was a much smaller area."

- H.H.H.K. Bhila

The greatly expanded Portuguese Manyika included the territory of Maungwe; the Portuguese treated the Makoni chiefs of Maungwe as independent sovereigns and made treaties with them.

A third use of Manyika was that made by the British as a counter to claims by the Portuguese and the SaManyika people. In their attempt to gain control of "the Pungwe River route, which was the main water way to and from Beira", the British South Africa Company imposed "a treaty on Mutasa on 14 September 1890". The treaty "provided that no one could possess land in Manyika except with the consent of the BSA Company". When it was signed the company invented its own "Greater Manyika", the western boundaries of which lay deep inside Portuguese territory; areas such as Mazoe and Maungwe, to which the company made different claims, were excluded. Once the company's frontiers had been fixed by means of war and arbitration, there was no longer any need to inflate the power and territory of Mutasa.

The kingdom of Manyika was divided between the two administrative districts of Umtali and Inyanga; much of its land was alienated to white farmers, and the administration was determined to advance a minimal definition of Manyikahood. "Umtassa's country and people are called Manyika", wrote Native Commissioner Umtali in January 1904. "They do not speak the same dialect as the other Mashonas". The desire to separate Mutasa from neighbouring peoples can be seen in early district reports from Umtali, in which Native Commissioner Hulley contended that the three chiefs in the district (Mutasa, Maranke and Zimunya) had distinct origins (even if there was a popular tendency to refer to his district as "Manicaland"). As far as the administrative district of Makoni was concerned, the Native Department emphasized the distinction between its people and the Manyika. In 1910 there was a boundary dispute between the Native Commissioners of Makoni and Inyanga districts. Native Commissioner Inyanga wrote Superintendent of Natives Umtali to explain why he was collecting tax from Africans on farms which lay just within the western border of Makoni district:

"There are no Makoni (Shonga) natives on any of these farms. I have always acted on your suggestion—that is I have dealt with Manyikas only...[Let] the Native Commissioner Rusapi deal with Makoni natives and I with Manyika...No dispute should arise."

- Inyanga

The matter was decided; the Chief Native Commissioner determined that "the N.C., Inyanga deal with all Manyika natives and the N.C., Rusapi with all the Makoni". The Native Department politically and culturally separated the Ungwe of Makoni from the Manyika. In 1915, a debate arose within the Native Department about the significance of the term mayinini in relation to Manyika marriage customs. Llewellyn Meredith (who had been Native Commissioner in both Melsetter and Makoni districts, whose inhabitants were considered Manyika) expressed his opinion about "Manica customs and language", but was scorned by the Manyika specialists. Superintendent of Natives Umtali mocked Meredith's "18 years experience of Manyika customs gathered in other districts" and invoked the authority of Archdeacon Etheridge (the leading missionary expert on Mutasa's chiefdom). "I do not of course know", wrote Etheridge, "what word may be used in Chindau, or Chirungwe, the dialects spoken in Melsetter and Rusape [Makoni] districts, but as regards Chimanyika there is no question at all".

title: Manyika tribe


text:
Bertrand Tavernier

Bertrand Tavernier (25 April 1941 – 25 March 2021) was a French film director, screenwriter, and producer.

Life and career
Tavernier was born in Lyon, France, the son of Geneviève (née Dumond) and René Tavernier, a publicist and writer, several years president of the French PEN club. He said his father's publishing of a wartime resistance journal and aid to anti-Nazi intellectuals shaped his moral outlook as an artist. According to Tavernier, his father believed that words were "as important and as lethal as bullets". Tavernier wanted to become a filmmaker from the age of 13 or 14 years. He said that his cinematic influences included filmmakers John Ford, William Wellman, Jean Renoir, Jean Vigo and Jacques Becker. Tavernier was influenced by the 1968 general strike in France. He associated with the OCI between 1973 and 1975, and was particularly struck by the writing of Leon Trotsky. The first film director with whom he worked was Jean-Pierre Melville. Later, his first film (The Clockmaker, 1974) won the Prix Louis Delluc and the Silver Bear – Special Jury Prize award at the 24th Berlin International Film Festival.

His early work was dominated by mysteries, but his later work is characterized by a more overt social commentary, highlighting his left-wing views (Life and Nothing But, Captain Conan) and presenting a critical picture of contemporary French society (It All Starts Today, Histoires de vies brisées : les double-peine de Lyon).

In 1986, his film Round Midnight won two César Awards (Best Original Music and Best Sound), the Best Film Award at the Venice Film Festival and the Oscar for Best Music (Original Score) at the 1987 Academy Awards. He won the BAFTA for best film in a language other than English in 1990 for Life and Nothing But and a total of four César Awards and was joint winner of another.

In 1995, his film L'Appât won the Golden Bear Award at the 45th Berlin International Film Festival. Four years later, his film It All Starts Today won an Honourable Mention at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.

His film The Princess of Montpensier competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.

Tavernier was married to screenwriter Colo Tavernier O'Hagan from 1965 to 1981. They had two children. Their son, Nils Tavernier (born 1 September 1965), works as both a director and actor. Their daughter, Tiffany Tavernier (born in 1967), is a novelist, screenwriter and assistant director.

Tavernier was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 42nd International Film Festival of India in Goa for his outstanding achievements and work in the film industry. He died on 25 March 2021 at age 79.

title: Bertrand Tavernier


text:
Park Avenue (disambiguation)

Park Avenue is a street in New York City.

Park Avenue may also refer to:

Roads

 * Park Avenue (Montreal), in Quebec, Canada
 * Park Avenue (Kochi), in India
 * Park Avenue, Dublin, in Ireland
 * Park Avenue (Baltimore), in Maryland, U.S.
 * Park Avenue (Monongahela), in Pennsylvania, U.S.
 * Park Avenue, a section of Pennsylvania Route 743 in Hershey, Pennsylvania, U.S.

Other uses

 * Buick Park Avenue, a car named after the Park Avenue in New York
 * Park Ave. (band), an indie pop band from Omaha
 * Park Avenue, Aberystwyth, a football ground in Aberystwyth, Wales
 * Park Avenue Christian Church
 * Park Avenue Condominiums, a skyscraper in Atlanta, Georgia, United States
 * Park Avenue (Hong Kong), a private housing estate in Hong Kong
 * Park Avenue (musical), a 1946 musical
 * Park Avenue, Queensland, a suburb of Rockhampton, Australia
 * "Park Avenue" (song), a 1998 single by Girls Against Boys
 * Park Avenue (stadium), a cricket and football ground in Bradford, England, which lent its name to Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.
 * Park Avenue Synagogue, in Manhattan
 * Park Avenue (teletext soap), a teletext-based soap opera on the ORACLE service from 1988 to 1992
 * Park Avenue West Tower, a skyscraper in Portland, Oregon
 * Seventh Regiment Armory or Park Avenue Armory, a building in New York City
 * Park Avenue: Money, Power and the American Dream, a 2012 political documentary

title: Park Avenue (disambiguation)


text:
125th Street (Manhattan)

125th Street, co-named Martin Luther King Jr., Boulevard is a two-way street that runs east–west in the New York City borough of Manhattan, from First Avenue on the east to Marginal Street, a service road for the Henry Hudson Parkway along the Hudson River in the west. It is often considered to be the "Main Street" of Harlem.

Notable buildings along 125th Street include the Apollo Theater, the Adam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building, the Hotel Theresa, the Studio Museum in Harlem, the Mount Morris Bank Building, Harlem Commonwealth Council, the Harlem Children's Zone, the Church of St. Joseph of the Holy Family, and the former West End Theatre, now home to the La Gree Baptist Church.

History
The street was designated by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 that established the Manhattan street grid as one of 15 east–west streets that would be 100 ft in width (while other streets were designated as 60 ft in width).

Neighborhoods
The western part of the street runs diagonally between the neighborhoods of Manhattanville and Morningside Heights from the northwest from the West Harlem Piers and an interchange with the Henry Hudson Parkway at 130th Street. East of Morningside Avenue it runs east–west through central Harlem to Second Avenue, where a ramp connects it to the Robert F. Kennedy (Triborough) Bridge. However, 125th Street continues to First Avenue, where it connects to the southbound FDR Drive and the Willis Avenue Bridge.

West of Convent Avenue, 125th Street was rerouted onto what was, prior to 1920, called Manhattan Street. What remains of the original alignment of 125th Street was renamed La Salle Street at that time. The remaining blocks run between Amsterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue. The New York Times lamented the name changes, noting that the new names had "somewhat doubtful nomenclature", and that the City's "Aldermen like French names" but gave no rationale for the moves otherwise. A block of the original 125th Street in this area was de-mapped to make the super-blocks where the Grant Houses projects now exist.

A proposal to convert the street into a Trans-Harlem Expressway died when funds were diverted from the proposed 125th Street Hudson River bridge at the street's western end.

Beginning in the late 1990s, many sections of 125th Street have been gentrified and developed with such stores as MAC Cosmetics, Old Navy, H&M, CVS/pharmacy, and Magic Johnson Theaters. In collaboration with the community, the city has developed a plan for the 125th Street corridor focusing on reinforcing and building upon its strengths as an arts and cultural corridor.

Fault line
A rift in the crust runs along underneath this street from the East River to New Jersey and is known as the 125th Street Fault or the Manhattanville Fault. It is suspected to have caused a magnitude-5.2 earthquake in 1737, two smaller ones in 1981, and a 2.4 magnitude quake in 2001. The fault line skims across the top of Central Park and runs to Roosevelt Island to the southeast. It creates a fault valley deep enough to require the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line to use a trestle between 122nd and 135th Streets, even though the line goes underground at either end and remains at the same elevation above sea level throughout. Riverside Drive also crosses over the fault valley on a high viaduct.

Public transportation
The following New York City Subway stations are located at 125th Street (west to east):
 * 125th Street at Broadway, served by the
 * 125th Street at St. Nicholas Avenue, served by the
 * 125th Street at Lenox Avenue, served by the
 * 125th Street at Lexington Avenue, served by the

The following NYC Bus lines serve 125th Street:
 * all serve 125th as crosstown lines.
 * at Riverside Drive
 * , and (southbound only), at Broadway
 * at St. Nicholas Avenue
 * at Frederick Douglass Boulevard
 * at Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard (7th Avenue)
 * at Lenox Avenue
 * at Madison Avenue (northbound) and Fifth Avenue (southbound)
 * at Park Avenue (southbound) and Third Avenue (northbound)
 * at Lexington Avenue (southbound) and Third Avenue (northbound)
 * at Lexington Avenue (eastbound)
 * at Second Avenue (southbound) and First Avenue (northbound)

Metro-North Railroad's Harlem–125th Street station is located at the street's intersection with Park Avenue.

The planned second phase of the Second Avenue Subway, continuing north from the 116th Street station, will turn westward onto 125th Street, terminating at a station at Lexington Avenue. The new station would connect to the Metro-North and preexisting Lexington Avenue subway stations there.

Notable occupants

 * As of 2011, former president Bill Clinton maintains an office on 125th Street.

In popular culture

 * The intersection of 125th and Lexington Avenue is the location where Lou Reed buys heroin on the Velvet Underground's "I'm Waiting for the Man" from their seminal 1967 debut album, The Velvet Underground & Nico.
 * Small Talk at 125th and Lenox (1970) is an album by Gil Scott-Heron.

title: 125th Street (Manhattan)


text:
Jerry Burns

Jerome Monahan Burns (January 24, 1927 – May 12, 2021) was an American college and professional football coach. He played in college for the Michigan Wolverines before becoming a coach. He was the head coach for the Iowa Hawkeyes from 1961 to 1965, compiling a record of 16–27–2, and for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL) from 1986 to 1991, tallying a mark of 52–43 in the regular season, and 3–3 in the postseason. Between his head coaching stints Burns was a defensive assistant (1965–1967) for the Green Bay Packers, helping the team win Super Bowls I and II, and Offensive Coordinator (1968–1985) for the Minnesota Vikings, where he coached the team to four Super Bowl appearances.

Early coaching career
Burns served as the head baseball coach and assistant football coach with the University of Hawaii in 1951. Burns left Hawaii to coach at Whittier College in 1952, where he was the head basketball coach and an assistant football coach. At the beginning of 1953, he left Whittier and took a job as head football and head basketball coach at St. Mary's of Redford High School in Detroit, Michigan. Following the 1953 football season at St. Mary's, Burns was hired by fellow Michigan alumnus Forest Evashevski as an assistant coach at the University of Iowa. Burns began serving as an assistant coach at Iowa under Evashevski in 1954.

Iowa head coach
Burns served seven total years as an assistant coach to Evashevski. As part of a deal with Iowa Athletic Board, Evashevski was appointed Iowa's athletic director and agreed to appoint his successor. He then appointed Burns to become Iowa's 20th head football coach beginning with the 1961 season.

Before his first game as a college head coach, the 1961 Hawkeye team was named the number one team in the AP Preseason Poll. Iowa started the season by winning their first four games in 1961 before losing their next four. In their final game, the Hawkeyes defeated Notre Dame 42–21 for the team's fifth win in six years over the Irish. Iowa finished the season 5–4, their last winning record until 1981.

In 1962, Iowa defeated both Michigan and Ohio State, the only time in school history that the school had defeated both teams in the same year. However, the Hawkeyes won only two other games and posted a 4–5 final record. The school's final game of the season against Notre Dame was canceled on account of the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The Hawkeyes finished 1963 with a 3–3–2 record.

A 3–0 start in the 1964 season quickly turned sour, as the Hawkeyes lost their final six games. Burns was now in real danger of being fired, but Iowa had several players returning in 1965 and the Hawkeyes were expected to be very good; Playboy Magazine picked Iowa as their Preseason Number One team and predicted a 9–1 record. Instead, Iowa finished the year 1–9 and, before Iowa's final game that season, it was announced that Burns would not be retained in 1966.

Of his firing, Burns said, "I want to be emphatic. I hold no ill feelings toward anyone. I hope, I sincerely hope, Iowa has great success in football in the future. If I can contribute to that future, I will." After his final game, his players hoisted him on their shoulders and carried him off the field, despite the loss. There were those who insisted that Athletic Director Evashevski wanted to return as football coach and that rather than helping Burns to succeed, Evashevski hampered him with rules and regulations that were not in force when he was the coach. But Burns ultimately said, "If we have failed, and we have, I'll take the responsibility for that. It is not the players' fault. They have done the best they can." He had a 16–27–2 record at Iowa.

Professional coaching career
Burns was 38 years of age when he was fired at Iowa. He moved on to the Green Bay Packers of the NFL and served for two years as an assistant coach to Vince Lombardi in 1966 and 1967 when the Packers won Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II. When Lombardi retired after the 1967 season, Burns was hired by Bud Grant of the Minnesota Vikings. Grant hired Burns to be his offensive coordinator. Burns served as Minnesota's offensive coordinator for the next 18 years, from 1968–1985. During that time, the Vikings made the playoffs 12 times, won 11 division titles, and played in four Super Bowls. When Grant retired from coaching for the second time in 1985, Burns was named as the 4th head coach of the Minnesota Vikings on January 7, 1986. He coached Minnesota for six years, from 1986 to 1991. Burns compiled a record of 52–43 and led the Vikings to the playoffs three times. He helped the Vikings win the division title in 1989 and led them to the NFC championship game in 1987. On November 5, 1989, Burns gave a profanity laced tirade during a postgame press conference where he defended his offensive coordinator, Bob Schnelker, despite the fact that the Vikings' Rich Karlis kicked a then league record-tying seven field goals en route to a 23–21 overtime victory over the Los Angeles Rams.

On December 4, 1991, Burns announced that he would retire from coaching after the 1991 NFL season; he finished his final season with an 8–8 record. He has been nominated for the Pro Football Hall of Fame, but has yet to gain the votes necessary for induction. In 1998, Burns gave the Hall of Fame induction speech for Paul Krause, a defensive back he coached both at Iowa and with the Vikings.

Death
Burns died on May 12, 2021, at the age of 94 due to a variety of ongoing health issues at his home in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. The Minnesota Vikings, former Vikings Head Coach Bud Grant, former (then current) Vikings Head Coach Mike Zimmer, and Hall of Fame Quarterback Fran Tarkenton released statements paying tribute.

title: Jerry Burns


text:
Portal:Mathematics/Featured picture archive

This page is an archive of images that were featured as "Picture of the month" on the Mathematics Portal. For mathematics-related pictures featured elsewhere on Wikipedia, see Featured pictures/Sciences/Mathematics.

Do not add any new images here. New images should be added to the list at Portal:Mathematics/Selected picture.


text:
User talk:JBarger

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Thanks for your edits on Kent Hovind, as well, they are out-of-sight! --Fastfission 00:53, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
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Proposed deletion of Aylstock, Witkin, Kreis & Overholtz

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 * The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (companies) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page in the form of "This article meets criteria A and B because..." and ping me back. Thank you,

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Proposed deletion of Bryan Aylstock

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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion.Deb (talk) 10:44, 3 August 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:JBarger


text: User talk:161.53.86.10

title: User talk:161.53.86.10


text:
Talk:Main Hoon Na

Untitled
It's good to have a page on this movie, which I enjoyed tremendously. Thanks to the editor who started it.

The previous version was somewhat hard to read, just one breathless paragraph. I rewrote it in what I hope is more readable fashion. Zora

Spoiler
User:Zora has complained that the plot section gives too much:

 * Dear Error,

 * I notice that you added some info to the Main Hoon Na summary that basically told anyone who read the article how the movie was going to turn out. I'm going to ask you to reconsider. It seems to me that for current, "fluff" movies that are easily available on DVD/VCD, the summary is there to give prospective viewers a chance to decide whether or not they want to watch/rent the movie. Give just enough to orient the viewer (especially if the viewer is a foreigner exploring Bollywood movies) but not so much that it completely spoils the movie. I wouldn't do this for classic movies, but current ones, well, let's be friendly.

 * I could have just deleted your comment, but I don't think that would be collegial. You've taken a username, you want to be part of this community of volunteer editors, and you should be able to argue your case. So tell me why I'm wrong . On the movie's talk page or my talk page, whatever.

 * Thanks for working on the Bollywood articles. Bollywood movies are now much much higher profile (outside India) than they were when I started exploring them a few years ago, and I'm sure that our work must be helping a lot of newbies get oriented. I sure could have used some help then! Zora 05:57, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

I have checked Spoiler warning but don't see a rule about limits to disclosure. You can compare with Bride_and_Prejudice.

The only point where I see that my additions "reveal" is about the identity of Lakshman. I am starting to forget the movie, but I seem to recall that the moment Sanju sings the "Queen of Hearts" song and Lucky arrives in his bike, we guess who the main characters will be. A real spoiler would be knowing the exact plans of Raghavan, or how the love plots end, or the reaction of Lakshman and his mom to the "real" Ram, but these are not in the current synopsis. Main Hoon Na anyway is no Witness for the Prosecution. Its eventual appeal comes from actions scenes, enjoyable actresses, beautiful Himalayas and music and dances, not from the plot depth.

One change could be leaving a paragraph with just the first scenes ("Project Milaap is...") between the ==Plot== title and the {spoiler}.

What would you delete? --Error 22:50, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I guess I'm OK with leaving it the way it is. As you say, it's clear that Lucky=Lakshman quite early in the film. Zora 02:37, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I can't really say if the IMDB summaries are more or less revealing. --Error 22:57, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

English
Comparing with other Bollywood movies (not that I've seen many), I noticed a lot of code switching in English. Not just the expectable Anglicisms or phrases like "sorry", "OK", but full non-stock sentences. Is that usual in modern Hindi? In modern Hindi films? In the social class that appears on TV and studies in Darjeeling? --Error 22:57, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

Yup, this is usual in modern Hindi films. From my Indian friends, I understand that movies don't really show the full extent of English use in the upper and upper middle classes. These folks speak English among themselves, and use Hindi/Gujerati/whatever only to speak to servants, employees, shop clerks, etc. I recall a comment re Dil Chahta Hai, that in real life the characters would have been speaking English exclusively.

Some people have criticized a few actresses (I forget names) who come from the upper crust for speaking Hindi badly. Zora 02:32, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I dont think is true for all "upper class" Indians. They speak English or Indic languages when appropriate. Zora, perhaps you should have a little more respect for Indian languages, dont just whatever them. Peace I am invariant under co-ordinate transformations (talk) 07:42, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

The movie was shot in St. Paul's School, Darjeeling. Students there speak English exclusively. Speaking in other languages is strictly forbidden outside of their respective language classes. - A proud Paulite — Preceding unsigned comment added by 175.41.134.95 (talk) 17:09, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

Quote re opening weeks box office
I started to fix the English in that bit of trivia someone added, and then realized that there was no reference to show that it was true. In fact, I don't think any of the trivia have references. Can someone supply them? Zora 04:43, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

English Translation
For Urdu/Hindi speaking editors, would you think that the title would more accurately be translated as "I'm here, aren't I"? "Na" is generally used as a negative-implying word. Unless of course, "I'm here now" is the translation given by the makers.

Major Errors
1> Lakshman is Ram's step broter and not half brother.

2> Mrs. Sharma is Shekhar Sharma's second wife ad not his first wife.

3> Raghavan does not kill General Bakshi.

--Rsrikanth05 13:36, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Lakshman is Ram's half-brother; their father is the same. It is never mentioned of Mrs. Sharma is his first or second wife, or even if he had another wife instead of just participating in sexual acts. Last one is correct, though. 68.193.75.149 (talk) 14:43, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

Genres adding
Provide a source to add genres. Probably it is not "action comedy" nor "action drama". Or else admin attention would be needed for violators. SuperHero ● 👊 ● ★ 14:46, 23 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I have never seen sources used for genres in GA and FA class articles. Regardless, I have added a source for comedy drama. King Prithviraj II (talk) 18:37, 12 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Not sure how that note got there, but this article used to call it a Masala film. It is called such in the review section, and has a category. I would like to see that in the lead if possible.  Bollyjeff  |  talk  00:33, 13 April 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110921022012/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/awards/7134/index.html to http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/awards/7134/index.html

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title: Talk:Main Hoon Na


text:
Mary Lucia

Mary Lucia (born August 6, 1970, in Newton, Massachusetts) is a former on-air radio personality who hosted a weekday drive time music show for Minnesota Public Radio station 89.3 The Current in St. Paul, Minnesota. She currently works as a program advisor to Radio K, the student run radio station at the University of Minnesota.

Career
Known particularly for her unorthodox conversational style of interviewing, Lucia has interviewed Trent Reznor, Studs Terkel, Noel Gallagher, Robbie Robertson, Suzi Quatro, Iggy Pop, Chrissie Hynde, Jack White, Johnny Rotten, John Waters, Chuck D, Richard Hell, Bob Gruen, and Amy Sedaris.

After Disney purchased Rev 105 and changed its name and format, Lucia maintained her dual role as host of a regular day-shift as well as a local music show called "Popular Creeps" (named after a song by former Replacements drummer Chris Mars). After Steve Nelson left the morning show that he co-hosted with Brian Oake, Lucia was paired with Oake for morning drive time.

When Disney changed the format again to rhythmic oldies, the entire air staff, including Lucia, was fired. Lucia went on to host a program on AM 1500 and to cameo on KLBB before being picked up by Minnesota Public Radio in January 2005.

Lucia has also appeared in commercials, live theater productions, done professional voice-over work since the age of 18, freelanced for the Minnesota publication The Rake for 5 years, and appeared in the indie film The Last Word (2003). She also appeared in Phil Harders award-winning film Tuscaloosa (2020).

Lucia was the audiobook narrator for Bob Mehr's Best Selling biography "Trouble Boys: The Story of the Replacements".

Since 2005 she has produced and organized a yearly benefit for Feline Rescue at the First Ave Main Room, in a musical tribute to David Bowie called "Rock for Pussy".

Personal life
She is the younger sister of rock musician Paul Westerberg.

title: Mary Lucia


text:
Favre

Favre is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Alphonse Favre (1815–1890), Swiss geologist
 * Brett Favre (born 1969), U.S. football player (NFL); husband of Deanna Favre
 * Claude Favre de Vaugelas (1585–1650), French grammarian
 * Corinne Favre (born 1970), French ski instructor and competitive ski mountaineer
 * Cristina Favre-Moretti (born 1963), Swiss ski mountaineer
 * Deanna Favre (born 1968), U.S. breast cancer activist; wife of Brett Favre
 * Émilie Favre (born 1992), French ski mountaineer
 * Gilbert Favre (1936–1998), Bolivian flautist
 * Jules Favre (1809–1880), French statesman
 * Jules Favre (naturalist) (1882–1959), Swiss naturalist
 * Julie Favre (1833–1896), French philosopher and educator
 * Louis Favre (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Lucien Favre (born 1957), Swiss footballer and manager
 * Luis Favre, pen name of Felipe Belisario Wermus (born 1949), Brazilian journalist and political activist; husband of ideMarta Suplicy, a former mayor of São Paulo
 * Philippe Favre (1961–2013), Swiss racing driver
 * St. Pierre Favre, known as "Peter Faber" (1506–1546), co-founder of the Society of Jesus
 * Pierre Favre (musician) (born 1937), Swiss jazz drummer
 * Pierre Antoine Favre (1813–1880), French chemist
 * Sandrine Favre (born 1988), French ski mountaineer
 * Simon Favre (1760–1813), U.S. interpreter of Muskogean languages; ancestor of Brett Favre
 * Valentin Favre (born 1987), French ski mountaineer

title: Favre


text:
Hamilton Harbour

Hamilton Harbour (formerly known as Burlington Bay) lies on the western tip of Lake Ontario, bounded on the northwest by the City of Burlington, on the south by the City of Hamilton, and on the east by Hamilton Beach (south of the Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway) and Burlington Beach (north of the channel). It is joined to Cootes Paradise by a narrow channel formerly excavated for the Desjardins Canal. Within Hamilton itself, it is referred to as "Hamilton Harbour", "The Harbour" and "The Bay". The bay is naturally separated from Lake Ontario by a sand bar. The opening in the north end was filled in and channel cut in the middle for ships to pass. The Port of Hamilton is on the Hamilton side of the harbour.

History
Hamilton Harbour was known among the Mississauga Anishinaabek as Wiikwedong simply meaning "at the Bay".

Early Settlers to the area called the bay Lake Geneva. The bay was formally renamed Burlington Bay in 1792 by John Graves Simcoe, the first lieutenant governor of Upper Canada, for the former name of the town of Bridlington in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Prior to this, the bay was also known as Washquarter, notably as a landmark to delineate the extent of the Between the Lakes Treaty No. 3 negotiated between Simcoe and the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation in 1792.

Access to the bay was important for the early water transportation and industrial development of the area, including Dundas, Ontario, which had an early but ultimately unrealized lead over both Burlington (Brant's Block) and Hamilton. Over the years, the bay was roughly treated by its littoral residents. Constant infilling, particularly in the North End of Hamilton, damaged fresh water streams and the wildlife they supported. Channel dredging tended to stir up natural and unnatural sediments, further disrupting the ecological land balance in the area. Chemical, industrial and thermal pollution, especially as a byproduct of the burgeoning steel industry after the 1890s, continued to degrade the environment.

The waterways in Hamilton have not always been polluted. The north-end of the Harbour used to be a regular swimming spot for working-class families. The pollution of Hamilton Harbour waterways is caused by industrialization and, by proxy, urbanization, which came to be a major problem by 1917. Many working-class families were overcome by health hazards when dumping sewage into the inlets and the bay itself became a regular occurrence. Laurel Sefton MacDowell writes in her book An Environmental History of Canada that, "As early as the 1860s, a fishery inspector at Hamilton Harbour discovered that fish found along the shore tasted of coal oil and that dead ducks and muskrats were coated with oil from two refineries. " By the 1950s, city officials had deemed Hamilton Harbour unfit for any recreation use and shut down all beaches.

In 1919, a Federal Order-In-Council changed the name of Burlington Bay to Hamilton Harbour.

By the 1970s, the International Joint Commission, which governs water usage in the Great Lakes Basin, and other agencies began to recognize the need for action. Greater water quality awareness, improved pollution controls, and an economic downturn all served to improve conditions in the 1980s. In the 1990s, beautification and ecological control were well underway. These measures included sealing the Lax Lands, contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants, under a cap of clay; landscaping Bayfront Park and Pier 4 Park; and keeping common carp from entering Cootes Paradise. The visible and measurable improvement in water quality in Burlington Bay was showcased in 1994 by the very public swim of Sheila Copps, a local MP and federal cabinet minister. Access and recreational use of the bayfront has improved, and swimming is now allowed at two beaches in the harbour: Bayfront and Pier 4.

Hamilton Harbour is listed as a Great Lakes Areas of Concern in The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada. Part of the remediation plan is to reclaim the harbour's wetlands.

While most of the carp in the harbour had been eradicated by early 2021, Maclean's reported that numerous goldfish had been found, presumed to have come from the dumping of pet fish by the public. One expert stated that the goldfish "is the ultimate survivor of difficult conditions ... it can feed on blue-green algae blooms that native species cannot—blooms that appear with increasing frequency in Hamilton Harbour".

Randle Reef
Randle Reef, a site in the southeast corner of the harbour, is considered the most dire of identified water pollution issues awaiting remediation in Canada. The environmental containment facility, about 7.5 hectares in size, covers in-situ about 130,000 m3 of sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and contain about 500,000 m3 of dredged PAH contaminated sediments. The containment facility was constructed in 2018 using two walls of steel sheet piling. Later in 2018, contaminated sediment surrounding the containment facility was dredged and placed inside the facility. The wastewater will be treated by an on-site water treatment system using sand filtration and granular activated adsorption and discharged back into the harbour. Last, an environmental cap will be built of layers of several materials including aggregates of various sizes, geotextile and geogrid, wickdrains, and surface materials (asphalt and/or concrete), placed sequentially from bottom to top in order to contain toxic sediment in the facility. The clean-up project had an estimated cost of $138.9 million, with the containment expected to have a 200-year lifespan. Environment and Climate Change Canada, and the Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, each committed $46.3 million, with the final third of funding coming from the City of Hamilton ($14 million), the City of Burlington ($2.3 million), Halton Region ($2 million), the Hamilton Port Authority ($14 million), and Stelco ($14 million). On March 9, 2022, Environment and Climate Change Canada announced the completion of the clean-up project where over 615,000 m3 of contaminated sediment was managed. The final stage of the project, the installation of the environmental cap, will be completed by 2025, which will provide new port land that will be managed by the Hamilton–Oshawa Port Authority.

Burlington Shipping Canal
The opening from Hamilton Harbour to Lake Ontario is referred to as the Burlington Shipping Canal. It was proposed in 1824 and opened in 1826.

Burlington Canal Lift Bridge is a lift bridge the spans over the canal.

Infrastructure
The bay today is crossed by two highways: 403 & Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW). The Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway (nicknamed "The Skyway") bridge, part of the QEW, crosses the border between Hamilton Harbour and Lake Ontario. The 403, York Street and a number of railways cross Hamilton Harbour on a glacial sandbar (similar in formation to the present day beach strip to the east) and separates Cootes Paradise from Hamilton Harbour. The harbour also houses the Port of Hamilton which is the busiest Canadian Great Lakes port and handles in excess of 10 million tonnes of cargo per year.

Legend
The bay is thought by some to host a North American cryptid, described by witnesses as a large snake-like creature. A diver drowned in the bay during the filming of a low-budget horror film titled Marina Monster on August 21, 2005.

title: Hamilton Harbour


text:
User:Bigsteviestylle02

my name is Steve-o, i recently joined Wikipedias, numerous users. I'm glad to be a part of the Wikipedia "family". I hope i get to do lots of interesting things on this, one of my most favorite sites.

If you really want, you can e-mail me at [srfincali3@aol.com]

title: User:Bigsteviestylle02


text:
George Stone (bishop)

George Stone (1708 – 19 December 1764) was the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh (Primate of All Ireland) from 1747 to his death.

Advancement
Born in London, the son of Andrew Stone, a London goldsmith. He was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. Having taken holy orders, his advancement in the Church was very rapid, mainly through the influence of his older brother Andrew Stone. Andrew's connections with George II made him able to promote the preferment of his brother George, who went to Ireland as chaplain to Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset when that nobleman became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1731.

In 1733 Stone was made Dean of Ferns, and in the following year he exchanged this deanery for that of Derry. In 1740 he became Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin, in 1743 Bishop of Kildare, in 1745 Bishop of Derry, and in 1747 Archbishop of Armagh. During the two years that he occupied the See of Kildare he was also Dean of Christ Church, Dublin.

Primate of All Ireland
From the moment that he became Primate of All Ireland, Stone proved himself more a politician than an ecclesiastic. "He was said to have been selfish, worldly-minded, ambitious and ostentatious; and he was accused, though very probably falsely, of gross private vice." His aim was to secure political power, a desire which brought him into conflict with Henry Boyle, the Speaker of the Irish House of Commons, who had organized a formidable opposition to the government. The Duke of Dorset's reappointment to the Lord Lieutenancy in 1751, with his son Lord George Sackville as Chief Secretary for Ireland, strengthened the primate's position and enabled him to triumph over the popular party on the constitutional question as to the right of the Irish House of Commons to dispose of surplus Irish revenue, which the government maintained was the property of the Crown.

When Dorset was replaced by the Duke of Devonshire in 1755, Boyle was raised to the peerage as Earl of Shannon and received a pension, and other members of the opposition also obtained pensions or places; and the archbishop, finding himself excluded from power, went into opposition to the government in alliance with John Ponsonby. These two, afterwards joined by the primate's old rival Lord Shannon, and usually supported by the Earl of Kildare, regained control of affairs in 1758, during the viceroyalty of the Duke of Bedford. In the same year, Stone wrote a remarkable letter, preserved in the Bedford Correspondence (ii. 357), in which he speaks very despondingly of the material condition of Ireland and the distress of the people. The archbishop was one of the "undertakers" who controlled the Irish House of Commons, and although he did not regain the almost dictatorial power he had exercised at an earlier period, which had suggested a comparison between him and Cardinal Wolsey, he continued to enjoy a prominent share in the administration of Ireland until his death, which occurred in London on 19 December 1764. According to Horace Walpole, his death was due to ruining his constitution by an excess of food and alcohol.

Historical observations
Although this "much-abused prelate," as Lecky calls him, was a firm supporter of the English government in Ireland, he was far from being a man of tyrannical or intolerant disposition. It was due to his influence that in the anti-tithe disturbances in Ulster in 1763 the government acted with conspicuous moderation, and that the movement was suppressed with very little bloodshed. He constantly favoured a policy of conciliation towards the Roman Catholics, whose loyalty he defended at different periods of his career both in his speeches in the Irish House of Lords and in his correspondence with ministers in London. Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield told him that he was the only man with the political skills to rule Ireland, but in a dig at his irregular private life, said that it would help if he became a clergyman.

Archbishop Stone, who never married, was a man of remarkably handsome appearance; and his manners were "eminently seductive and insinuating". Richard Cumberland, who was struck by the "Polish magnificence" of the primate, speaks in the highest terms of his courage, tact, and qualities as a popular leader. Horace Walpole, who gives a generally unfavourable picture of his private character, acknowledges that Stone possessed "abilities seldom to be matched", and gives him credit for charity, generosity and an absence of malice; and he had the distinction of being mentioned by David Hume as one of the only two men of mark who had perceived merit in that author's History of England on its first appearance. He was himself the author of several volumes of sermons which were published during his lifetime.

title: George Stone (bishop)


text: User talk:69.3.121.139

title: User talk:69.3.121.139