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Rob McKenna

Robert Marion McKenna (born October 1, 1962) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 17th attorney general of Washington from 2005 to 2013 after serving on the Metropolitan King County Council from 1996 to 2005. A member of the Republican Party, he ran for Governor of Washington in 2012, losing to Democrat Jay Inslee.

McKenna is an Eagle Scout, was student body president at the University of Washington, and attended the University of Chicago Law School, where he was on the law review. He currently is a partner at Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP in Seattle where he represents a wide range of technology and other companies in matters involving cyber security, data privacy, litigation, appellate litigation, regulatory proceedings, state attorney general investigations, and legislative issues.

Early life, education, and legal career
McKenna was born in Fort Sam Houston, Texas, the son of Bonnie Jean (née Olson) and Robert Elliott McKenna, an Army officer. His ancestry includes Irish, Norwegian, and German. He grew up at posts in Germany, Bangkok (where he attended the International School Bangkok), San Francisco and Kansas before his family settled in Bellevue, Washington when he was 14.

He graduated from Sammamish High School in Bellevue in 1980. He earned two bachelor's degrees, in Economics and International Studies, from the University of Washington and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He was student body president in 1984–85. He received a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School in 1988.

After graduating from law school, McKenna worked as an attorney at the law firm of Perkins Coie, one of the 50 largest firms in the country, where he practiced mainly business and regulatory law from June 1988 to January 1996.

Early political career
He was elected to the King County Council in November 1995, took office in January 1996, and was re-elected in 1999 and 2003. As councilman, he represented Bellevue, Mercer Island, Kirkland, Newcastle, and much of Renton. His re-elections were without opposition and he was twice rated "Outstanding" by the Municipal League.

He also served as co-chair of the Campaign for Equal Justice.

Attorney General of Washington
As Washington's 17th Attorney General, McKenna managed the largest public law office in the state with approximately 1,150 employees and offices in 13 cities statewide: Bellingham, Port Angeles, Everett, Seattle, Tacoma, Olympia, Wenatchee, Spokane, Yakima, Kennewick, Vancouver, Tumwater, and Pullman. The Washington Attorney General's Office serves over 230 state agencies, boards, commissions, colleges, and universities, as well as the governor and Legislature. As Attorney General, McKenna made the protection of consumers and businesses, the improvement of community safety and the advancement of open government his chief priorities. He also argued before the U.S. Supreme Court three times to defend Washington state laws from challenges, and won each time.

2004 election
McKenna based his 2004 campaign for the office of attorney general around three areas of protection he promised to bring to Washingtonians: protection of the safety of families by fighting crimes such as identity theft, internet fraud, and child pornography, and supporting local police, sheriffs, and prosecutors; protection of rights by controlling regulation and supporting the public's right to know what the government is doing; and protection of pocketbooks by counseling state agencies to avoid costly trial and litigation, bringing reform in the matter of reducing what some see as unfair burdens placed on doctors, hospitals, and other professionals.

McKenna developed broad-based alliances to win the election, attracting the support of prosecutors, police chiefs and sheriffs, along with farm and business leaders one at a time and then leveraging those endorsements into broader support. He also built nontraditional alliances with tribal leaders, public safety unions, firefighters and other moderates in both parties. He defeated political novice Mike Vaska, a private attorney from Issaquah, in the Republican primary for state attorney general, with approximately 70 percent of the vote. He defeated former Insurance Commissioner and Democratic Senate candidate Deborah Senn in the November General election and was one of just a few Republicans to win statewide office in 2004.

First term
In his first year as attorney general, McKenna founded "Operation: Allied Against Meth", a program designed to reduce the drug's manufacture and use in Washington. The initiative included an increase in the law enforcement and prosecution personnel dedicated to cracking down on methamphetamine-related crimes, a statewide educational program to help prevent the use of the drug, and a legislative alliance devoted to improving Washington's meth problem. Since the initiative began, deaths from methamphetamine use in Washington have fallen by a third, while the incidence of driving under the influence of meth decreased by over 25 percent.

During his inaugural term, he created Washington's Law Enforcement Group against Identity Theft (LEGIT), and was subsequently named as one of Security Magazine's 25 most influential people in security. He was also active in the National Association of Attorneys General (NAAG) during his first term, co-chairing both the Financial Practices Committee and the Tobacco Committee during his first term. Acting in this capacity, he helped lead cases against subprime lenders that resulted in the largest settlements in the history of American consumer protection lawsuits.

2008 election
McKenna kicked off his 2008 campaign in November 2007. He received the support of two Democrats, State Auditor Brian Sonntag and Snohomish County Prosecuting Attorney Janice Ellis. He defeated Pierce County executive John Ladenburg in the 2008 election with over 59 percent of the vote.

Second term
In his second term, McKenna continued to be active in the National Association of Attorneys General, serving as co-chair on various committees and receiving the NAAG's Distinguished Service Award before becoming Vice-President of the organization in 2009. In 2010, he was elected President of NAAG, and assumed the office on June 22, 2011. He launched his Presidential Initiative, a program called "Pillars of Hope" aimed at reducing human trafficking in the US, in Chicago on the following day.

On March 22, 2010 McKenna announced that he was joining other Republican elected officials in a multi-state challenge to the constitutionality of a health care overhaul bill passed by US Congress and signed by President Obama. The ongoing legal battle grew into a 26 state coalition of plaintiffs, including McKenna, who maintained his original motivation to see the provision for mandatory purchase of private individual health-insurance plans by 2014 struck down for being unconstitutional. McKenna differed from his co-plaintiffs by supporting the law's several provisions pertaining to patient protection; the other opponents wanted the entire law scrapped.

2012 gubernatorial election and aftermath
In June 2011, McKenna announced that he would run for Governor of Washington. When announcing his gubernatorial campaign, he said "We deserve a governor who will bring us a leaner, better-run state government that doesn't demand endless tax increases before it delivers results to its bosses, you the taxpayers."

McKenna faced Democratic nominee Jay Inslee, a U.S. Representative. Polls showed a close race. Inslee defeated McKenna, winning 51% of the vote. McKenna won 31 of 39 counties, with many of his greatest margins in Washington's most rural areas. Inslee won 62% of the vote in King County, Washington's largest, which proved decisive.

Activities since 2012
During the 2016 United States presidential election, McKenna criticized Donald Trump and stated in July 2016 that he would not vote for Trump. In 2021, McKenna joined a lawsuit seeking to invalidate the state's capital gains tax.

Tax policy
McKenna has, on several occasions, defended the "2/3 rule" requiring a two-thirds vote before any tax increases. He opposed I-1098, a ballot initiative to impose state income taxes on households earning more than $400,000. He supports increasing the Business & Occupation (B&O) tax credit to $4,800 per year for small businesses in all categories. Prior to a US Supreme Court ruling allowing such action; McKenna has proposed requiring out-of-state businesses that sell into Washington (including online and mail-order companies) to pay state taxes, even if they lack a physical presence there. Washington began collecting sales tax from out-of-state companies in 2018. On May 20, 2021, McKenna joined a lawsuit against a capital gains tax signed into law by Washington governor and his 2012 gubernatorial opponent Jay Inslee. The lawsuit alleges that the tax is a state income tax in disguise and is unconstitutional due to precedent, with a graduated state income tax being declared unconstitutional in 1933. In September 2021, Grant County superior court judge Brian Huber allowed this lawsuit to move forward.

Education
McKenna supports increased funding for colleges and K-12 education. Despite the Washington State Supreme Court decision (McCleary v State of Washington) that found the Washington State government was not meeting its obligation to sufficiently fund public schools, McKenna remains a strong proponent of school choice and charter schools. He wants to end the unfair distribution of education funding, which gives more funding to schools with students that come from wealthier families. In doing this, McKenna hopes to increase class mobility for low-income students.

Abortion
McKenna is pro-choice, and wants to ensure that all pharmacies sell the morning-after pill. As a general provision, McKenna would support legislation that would require parental notification before a minor obtains an abortion. "I'm like a lot of parents," McKenna said. "When your daughter turns 13 and the mom is kicked out of the examining room for anything related to reproductive health, it's troubling for a lot of parents."

Drug policy
McKenna opposes drug legalization and he supports strategies to cut down on drug trafficking and trade. He is the founder of "Operation: Allied Against Meth".

Personal life
McKenna has four grown children and resides in Seattle, Washington. An Eagle Scout, he serves on the executive board of the Chief Seattle Council of the Boy Scouts of America, is a past president of the council, and has helped raise hundreds of thousands of dollars for the Bellevue Schools Foundation and the Eastside Domestic Violence Program.

title: Rob McKenna


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Danielle Brisebois

Danielle Brisebois (born 1970 (age 11) ) is an American producer, singer-songwriter and former child actress. She is best known for her role as Stephanie Mills on the Norman Lear-produced sitcoms All in the Family and its spin-off Archie Bunker's Place (for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award), as well as playing Molly in the original Broadway production of the musical Annie.

After she retired from acting in the late 1980s, Brisebois pursued a music career. She was one of the two permanent members of the short-lived rock band New Radicals, along with her longtime songwriting partner Gregg Alexander, and served as the group's keyboardist, percussionist and backing vocalist. She has also recorded two solo albums, Arrive All Over You and Portable Life, both of which were produced by Alexander. She has written or co-written a number of songs, including Natasha Bedingfield's hit singles "Unwritten", and "Pocketful of Sunshine".

In January 2015, Brisebois and Alexander were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song "Lost Stars" from the film Begin Again.

Early life and acting career
Brisebois is the daughter of Mary and Frank Brisebois, a computer instructor. She is of French-Canadian and Italian descent. She began her career as a child actress appearing in her first movie, The Premonition (1976), at the age of seven. In 1977, she appeared in an episode of Kojak and began starring in the original Broadway cast of Annie as the youngest of the orphans, Molly. (Jay-Z later sampled a clip of Brisebois from Annie for his song "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)".) In the late 1970s, she joined the cast of All in the Family, then co-starred in its continuation Archie Bunker's Place from 1979 to 1983. She was nominated for six Young Artist Awards from 1980 to 1984, winning two; in 1981 as Best Young Actress in a TV Special for Mom, the Wolfman and Me, and in 1982 as Best Young Actress in a Television Series for Archie Bunker's Place. In 1982, she was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award as Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV, again for Archie Bunker's Place.

Brisebois appeared in several episodes of Battle of the Network Stars and Circus of the Stars in the early 1980s, and played the daughter of William Devane's character on Knots Landing in the series' fifth season. In the late 1980s, she made several single-episode appearances in various TV series, including Hotel, Mr. Belvedere, Murder, She Wrote, Tales from the Darkside, and Days of Our Lives. In 2005, she ranked number 50 of VH1's 100 Greatest Kid Stars.

Music career
Brisebois began her career as a recording artist in the early 1990s by providing backing vocals on Intoxifornication, the 1992 album by rock singer Gregg Alexander; this marked the beginning of a long-standing collaboration with Alexander, who co-wrote, produced and sang on her first solo album Arrive All Over You in 1994. Despite a disappointing commercial performance in the U.S, the album became a minor hit in Europe. Arrive All Over You performed well critically and continues to maintain a cult following. Mackenzie Wilson of Allmusic described the album as "an earnest and impressive effort ... [that] went largely unnoticed during the reign of gangsta rap and grunge," and compared it favorably to Alanis Morissette's Jagged Little Pill. Her cover of "Gimme Little Sign" was a minor hit in Europe.

In 1998, Brisebois became a member of Alexander's New Radicals group, who scored their greatest successes with the hit single "You Get What You Give", and the million-selling album Maybe You've Been Brainwashed Too. She provided distinctive female vocals to the group's sound on tracks such as "Mother We Just Can't Get Enough" and "Jehovah Made This Whole Joint For You". Alexander disbanded the group in 1999, but went on to produce and co-write Brisebois' second solo album Portable Life, which was originally scheduled to be released on October 26, 1999. Promotional copies of the album and the single "I've Had It" were distributed, reviews appeared in the press, and an "I've Had It" video was even shot, but for unknown reasons RCA Records cancelled the release at the last minute. The album was delayed until September 30, 2008, when it was released as a digital download via iTunes and Amazon.com. A compilation album of Arrive All Over You-era tracks, titled Just Missed the Train, was later released through Sony BMG on September 26, 2006.

Brisebois has written and produced numerous songs for various other artists, including Carly Smithson, Clay Aiken, Kelly Clarkson, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Paula Abdul, and Kylie Minogue. She co-wrote Natasha Bedingfield's Top 10 hits "Unwritten" and "Pocketful of Sunshine", and "Stamp Your Feet" for Donna Summer. In November 2008 she reunited with Alexander, former New Radicals guitarist Rusty Anderson, and producer Rick Nowels as The Not So Silent Majority. She sang lead vocals on their song "Obama Rock", supporting the election of Barack Obama. In 2009 she contributed two songs to the Leona Lewis album Echo, including "Alive" and "Let It Rain". Later that year, Danielle won big at the BMI Awards, both in the US and UK, with "Pocketful of Sunshine", including two of the top awards, the Robert S. Musel award for Song of the Year, and the College Song of the Year, as well as a third award for Film and Television for "Unwritten".

In 2012, Brisebois co-wrote the Halestorm song "Here's to Us", which was featured in a season three episode of Glee.

She also co-wrote songs for the feature film Begin Again (2013), including "Lost Stars", which was nominated for Best Original Song at the 2015 Academy Awards.

Personal life
On August 2, 2008, Brisebois married producer, composer, and guitarist, Nick Lashley. They share identical twin daughters named Charlotte and Lola who were born in December 2013. Brisebois enjoys a secluded life with her family and avoids the media spotlight.

Albums

 * Arrive All over You (1994)
 * Portable Life (1999, released in 2008)

Compilations

 * Just Missed the Train (2006)

Singles

 * "What If God Fell from the Sky" (1994)
 * "Gimme Little Sign" (1995, #75 UK charts; #23 Swedish charts; #51 German charts)
 * "I Don't Wanna Talk About Love" (1995)
 * "I've Had It" (1999, promotional single only)

Other

 * Annie (1977 Original Broadway Cast Recording) as Molly

Songwriting credits

 * Paula Abdul
 * "I'm Just Here For the Music"
 * Clay Aiken
 * "Perfect Day"
 * David Archuleta
 * "Things Are Gonna Get Better"
 * Begin Again soundtrack
 * "Lost Stars" by Adam Levine and Keira Knightley (also co-produced)
 * "Coming Up Roses" Keira Knightley (also co-produced)
 * "A Step You Can't Take Back" by Keira Knightley
 * Natasha Bedingfield
 * "Unwritten" #1 Single Billboard Pop 100
 * "Pocketful of Sunshine" #5 Single Billboard Hot 100
 * "We're All Mad"
 * "Drop Me in the Middle"
 * "Piece of Your Heart"
 * "All I Need" featuring Kevin Rudolph
 * "Try"
 * "When You Know You Know"
 * "Good on Me" (B Side)
 * Boyzone
 * "Love Is a Hurricane"
 * Greyson Chance
 * "Light Up the Dark"
 * "Heart Like Stone"
 * "Purple Sky"
 * Charice
 * "Lighthouse"
 * Kelly Clarkson
 * "Just Missed the Train"
 * Sophie Ellis-Bextor
 * "Fake Love to Me"
 * "Running Out"
 * Dia Frampton
 * "Homeless"
 * Halestorm
 * "Here's To Us" (#1 Rock Song iTunes)
 * Carly Hennessy
 * "Beautiful You"
 * "No One's Safe From Goodbye"
 * Jamelia
 * "Tripping Over You"
 * Leona Lewis
 * "Alive"
 * "Let It Rain"
 * Lilygreen & Maguire
 * "Given Up Giving Up"
 * Kimberley Locke
 * "Everyday Angels"
 * Kylie Minogue
 * "Boombox"
 * "I'm Just Here For the Music"
 * "My Image Unlimited"
 * Mandy Moore
 * "Someday We'll Know"
 * Leigh Nash
 * "Just a Little"
 * Ne-Yo, Johnny Rzeznik, Natasha Bedingfield, Herbie Hancock, Delta Rae
 * "Forward"
 * New Radicals
 * "Someday We'll Know"
 * Trine Rein
 * "Just Missed The Train"
 * Samantha Stollenwerck
 * "Carefree"
 * "Is This My Life"
 * Donna Summer
 * "Stamp Your Feet" (#1 Single Billboard Dance Chart)
 * "Driving Down Brazil"
 * "Crayons" featuring Ziggy Marley

Awards won

 * 1981 Young Artist Award – Best Young Actress in a TV Special; for Mom, the Wolfman and Me
 * 1982 Young Artist Award – Best Young Actress in a Television Series; for Archie Bunker's Place
 * 2009 BMI – The Robert S. Musel Award; for "Pocketful of Sunshine"
 * 2009 BMI – College Song; for "Pocketful of Sunshine"
 * 2009 BMI – Pop Award; for "Pocketful of Sunshine"
 * 2009 BMI – Cable Award; The Hills

Nominations

 * 1980 Young Artist Award – Best Juvenile Actress in a TV Series or Special; for All in the Family
 * 1981 Young Artist Award – Best Young Actress in a Television Series; for Archie Bunker's Place
 * 1982 Golden Globe Award – Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV; for Archie Bunker's Place
 * 1983 Young Artist Award – Best Young Actress in a Television Series; for Archie Bunker's Place
 * 1984 Young Artist Award – Best Young Actress in a Television Series; for Archie Bunker's Place
 * 2015 Academy Award – Best Original Song; for "Lost Stars" from Begin Again.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Danielle Brisebois


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User talk:Conker the Great

Welcome
--Slowking Man 08:48, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)

About that message
I have replied to you on my Talk page. --Slowking Man 08:48, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Conker the Great


text:
Talk:Madhavacharya

Many people are still seem to be confused (as I was until the mistake was pointed out to me by the user pamri) about the identity of Madhvacharya and Madhavacharya, using their names interchangebly. This is not correct. They belonged to different systems of philosophy and belong to different period. For clarity I give the major differences between these men. At present I do not have much information on these philosophers. MANOJTV 08:52, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

merge notice

 * I'd wait for another week before comments and then do the merging with Madhava Acharya retained as a re-direct page. --Gurubrahma 09:29, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Telugu script?
In the early 14th century, Vijaya lipi, a version of Old Kannada was in vogue to write both Kannada and Telugu. This lasted through out the time of the empire. A slow change appeared thereafter and culminatde in the modern telugu and Kannada scripts only by 18th century.

Dinesh Kannambadi

title: Talk:Madhavacharya


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J. Scott Campbell

Jeffery Scott Campbell (born April 12, 1973) is an American comic book artist. He was initially known professionally as Jeffery Scott, but is best known as J. Scott Campbell. He rose to fame as an artist for Wildstorm Comics, though he has since done work for Marvel Comics (most notably as a cover artist on The Amazing Spider-Man), and the video game industry.

Early life
Jeffery Scott Campbell was born in East Tawas, Michigan, though he has no memories of that city, as his family moved when he was very young to Denver, Colorado, which he regards as his home. He has a younger sister, who is a digital architect who fills out the orders for Campbell's e-commerce website, and a younger brother who is a musician.

As a child, Campbell was interested in cartoons, rather than comics. He first became interested in comics when, as a teenager, he visited a friend's house, where his friend showed him Uncanny X-Men Annual #10, which featured artwork by Arthur Adams, whose style would greatly influence Campbell's own. Campbell, explains, "I immediately went nuts over the book. That book had such detail. The art was fantastic. It just started me going. It just turned me around. All of a sudden I wanted to do this, and I felt I could." Campbell began collecting, purchasing books based on the art, not the title, which he says made his collecting habits somewhat difficult at times.

In 1989, Campbell, then age fifteen, entered for and won an "Invent the Ultimate Video Game" contest featured in the issue 6 of Nintendo's official magazine, Nintendo Power, whereby submitted contest entries were to consist of drawings and concepts for a video game. Color drawings from "Lockarm," the videogame idea he pitched, were published in the magazine as the winning entry.

Wildstorm / DC Comics
After graduating from high school in Aurora, Colorado, Campbell began doing freelance commercial art jobs. As Campbell prepared to show his samples at the 1993 San Diego Comic Con, the series WildC.A.T.S premiered by Jim Lee's publishing studio, Wildstorm Productions (then called Homage Studios). One issue advertised a talent search for which readers could submit artwork, so Campbell put together a package that included a four-page WildC.A.T.S story and sent it in. A week and a half later, Jim Lee telephoned Campbell and asked him if he would move to San Diego to work for him. Initially working under the professional name Jeffery Scott, Campbell's first comics work was two pinups for the Homage Studios Swimsuit Special in 1993. His subsequent work for Wildstorm includes spot illustrations in WildC.A.T.S Sourcebook. and Stormwatch #0.

Campbell went on to co-create the teen superhero team Gen13, which debuted in Deathmate Black (September 1993), before going on to star in their own five-issue miniseries in January 1994. The series was initially co-written by Brandon Choi and Jim Lee, but Campbell became a co-writer with issue #3. The team was eventually given their own regular ongoing series, which debuted in March 1995. Campbell was co-writer on the series until issue #18, and was the regular artist, leaving the book after issue #20 (June 1997).

In 1998, Campbell, together with fellow comics artists Joe Madureira and Humberto Ramos, founded the Cliffhanger imprint as part of Wildstorm Productions. He launched his comic series Danger Girl through this imprint. The story, which followed the adventures of a group of female secret agents, made the most of Campbell's talents drawing well-endowed women and dramatic action sequences.

The Danger Girl series has since generated a video game for the Sony PlayStation, as well as several comic spinoffs in the forms of limited series and one-shots that were drawn by different artists in the American comics industry. Most of these spin-offs featured story outlines from Campbell himself.

In August 2005, Campbell published Wildsiderz, which he co-created with his Danger Girl writing partner Andy Hartnell.

In February 2006, the 200th issue of Nintendo Power included a poster featuring prominent Nintendo characters drawn by Campbell in his unique art style, along with an interview whereby Campbell recalled his memories of the "Invent the Ultimate Video Game" Contest.

That same year, Campbell provided a variant incentive cover for Justice League of America (vol. 2) #0, the first issue of Brad Meltzer's run on the title.

In 2007, Campbell illustrated the covers to the Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash six-issue limited series.

Marvel Comics
At the WizardWorld 2006 Comic Convention held in Los Angeles, Marvel Comics announced that Campbell signed an exclusive contract with the company, and to work on a Spider-Man series with writer Jeph Loeb. Between 2001 and 2013 Campbell did numerous covers for The Amazing Spider-Man, including issues 30 - 35 in 2001, 50 - 52 and 500 in 2003, and seven issues done sporadically from issues 601 in 2009 and 700 in 2013. His cover to issue #30 was used as the cover of the 2003 trade paperback that collected issues 30 and 31.

In October 2016, Marvel Comics and New York-based retailer Midtown Comics jointly decided to pull from circulation Campbell's variant cover of the first issue of The Invincible Iron Man, produced exclusively for that store, after previews of the cover were criticized for sexualizing the depicted character, 15-year-old Riri Williams. The cover depicted the character, a teenaged MIT engineering student who reverse engineered one of Iron Man's armored suits to wear herself, in a midriff-baring crop top, in contrast to the more modest way in which artist Stefano Caselli depicted the character in the book's interior art. Campbell called the decision "unfortunate," explained that his rendition of the character was intended to depict "a sassy, coming-of-age young woman". He regarded the reaction to the cover as a "faux controversy", saying, "I gave her a sassy 'attitude'...'sexualizing' was not intended. This reaction is odd." Brian Michael Bendis, the writer on the series, was pleased with the decision to pull the cover, saying that while he liked the face Campbell had drawn on Riri when he viewed the art as a work in progress, he disliked the completed art, saying, "Specialty covers are not in my purview and it was being produced separately from the work of the people involved in making the comic. Not to pass the buck but that’s the fact. If I had seen a sketch or something I would have voiced similar concerns. I am certain the next version will be amazing."

Technique and materials
Campbell does his pencil with a lead holder, and Sanford Turquoise H lead, which he uses for its softness and darkness, and for its ability to provide a "sketchy" feel, with a minimal amount of powdery lead smearing. He uses this lead because it strikes a balance between too hard, and therefore not dark enough on the page, and too soft, and therefore prone to smearing and crumbling. Campbell avoids its closest competitor because he finds it too waxy. Campbell has also used HB lead and F lead. He maintains sharpness of the lead with a Berol Turquoise sharpener, changing them every four to six months, which he finds is the duration of their grinding ability. Campbell uses a combination of Magic Rub erasers, eraser sticks, and since he began to ink his work digitally, a Sakura electric eraser. He often sharpens the eraser to a cornered edge in order to render fine detailed work.

title: J. Scott Campbell


text:
Tgif (program)

Tgif (pronounced t-g-i-f) is an Xlib-based interactive 2-D drawing tool (using vector graphics) under X11 on Linux and most UNIX platforms (including Mac OS X and cygwin on Windows). It was developed since 1990 and is free software released under the QPL license.

Quirks
Because Tgif was developed long before a standard way for drawing programs to work, one might find it unfamiliar to use in a number of ways:
 * Although Tgif mention point sizes, it uses a unit that is 1/128 of an inch for point sizes.
 * While there is an option to display font sizes in points, the sizes are still subject to rounding to the nearest 1/128".
 * Unlike modern drawing programs, Tgif uses spline curves instead of Bézier curves.
 * Also unlike modern drawing programs, Tgif does not allow the user to select a colour from a color wheel or through controls that allow the user to adjust colour values. Instead, Tgif provides a list with a short list of colours. If the user wishes to use a colour that is not in the list, they would need to add their desired colour to the list. This list is then saved with the currently-open drawing.
 * Usable fonts are listed in a configuration file. If the user wishes to use fonts that are not on the list, they would have to change the configuration file.
 * Only fonts in the ISO 8859-1 encoding (i.e. "square") CJK fonts and symbols or dingbat fonts can be used.
 * Rescaling can lead to ugly defect, which is most likely due to both the use of integer coordinates and roundoff errors.
 * Because Tgif uses Xlib (which predated modern Unicode support) Tgif does not and cannot support Unicode.

The Tgif file format
Tgif saves drawings in a Prolog-based plain text file format. Because the program is based on Prolog, there isn't a lot of support from other programs for reading the Tgif file format.

Fonts are represented as PostScript font names. Originally, it was possible to print Tgif drawings in batch mode without using an X display. However, this feature changed somewhere in the 4.1 versions. Currently, in order to print drawings, the user would need to be running Tgif on an X display. This restriction cannot be applied if the drawing only uses Times Roman, Helvetica, Courier, and/or Symbol fonts.

title: Tgif (program)


text:
Enid Bagnold

Enid Algerine Bagnold, Lady Jones, (27 October 1889 – 31 March 1981) was a British writer and playwright best known for the 1935 story National Velvet.

Early life
Enid Algerine Bagnold was born on 27 October 1889 in Rochester, Kent, daughter of Colonel Arthur Henry Bagnold and his wife, Ethel (née Alger), and brought up mostly in Jamaica. Her younger brother was Ralph Bagnold. She attended art school in London, and then worked as assistant editor on one of the magazines run by Frank Harris, who became her lover. Harris and Bagnold are both portrayed in Hugh Kingsmill's novel The Will to Love (1919).

Career

As an art student in Chelsea, Bagnold painted with Walter Sickert and was sculpted by Gaudier Brzeska. During the First World War she became a nurse; she wrote critically of the hospital administration, which won her fame, and was dismissed as a result. After that she was a driver in France for the remainder of the war years. She wrote about her hospital experiences in her memoir A Diary Without Dates, and about her experiences as a driver in her first novel, The Happy Foreigner.

On 8 July 1920, she married Sir Roderick Jones, chairman of Reuters, but continued to use her maiden name for her writing. They lived at North End House, Rottingdean, near Brighton (previously the home of Sir Edward Burne-Jones), enjoying a glamorous social life. The garden of North End House inspired her play The Chalk Garden. The Joneses' London house from 1928 until 1969, seven years after Sir Roderick's death, was No. 29 Hyde Park Gate, which meant that they were the neighbours for many of those years of Winston Churchill and Jacob Epstein.

The couple had four children. The eldest was Laurian (born 1921, later the Comtesse d'Harcourt) who illustrated Alice & Thomas & Jane at the age of nine and National Velvet at 14. Their great-granddaughter is Samantha Cameron, wife of the former Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader David Cameron.

Death and legacy
Bagnold published her autobiography in 1969. She died on 31 March 1981 from bronchopneumonia and was cremated at Golders Green. Her biography, by Anna Sebba and published in 1987, revealed some of the more problematic and contradictory aspects of her life: literary feuds, her marriage, her approach to motherhood, pre-war Nazi sympathies, her morphine addiction, and her contempt of the many leading actors who appeared in her plays. Cecil Beaton called it "a strange, remarkable, original and warped life."

Works
National Velvet (1935), is the story of a young girl who wins the Grand National steeplechase. A highly successful film version came out in 1944, starring the young Elizabeth Taylor. However, Bagnold's work includes a broad range of subject matter and style. The Squire is a novel about having a baby. Bagnold's biographer Anne Sebba says that "although always described as a novel, the serious effort to discover the motivations of a mother and the instincts of children leads The Squire close to the realms of documentary." The feminist weekly Time and Tide described it as "a mark in feminist history as well as a fine literary feat." The Loved and Envied (1951), is a study of approaching old age in which the protagonist, Lady Ruby MacLean, is thought to have been based on Lady Diana Cooper.

An adaptation of National Velvet for the theatre was produced and directed by Anthony Hawtrey for his Embassy Theatre at Swiss Cottage in 1946, and published in Volume 2 of his Embassy Successes (1946). But The Chalk Garden (1955), film version 1964, was Bagnold's greatest stage success. The Chinese Prime Minister was presented on Broadway in 1965 with Edith Evans. A Matter of Gravity, originally titled Call Me Jacky, played on Broadway as a star vehicle for Katharine Hepburn in 1976. These three plays, along with The Last Joke - a notable flop at the Phoenix Theatre in 1960 despite its star cast of John Gielgud, Ralph Richardson and Anna Massey - were collected together by Heinemann as Four Plays by Enid Bagnold in 1970.

 * A Diary Without Dates (1917)
 * The Sailing Ships and other poems (1918)
 * The Happy Foreigner (1920)
 * Serena Blandish or the Difficulty of Getting Married (1924)
 * Alice & Thomas & Jane (1930). Illustrated by Laurian Jones
 * National Velvet (1935). Illustrated by Laurian Jones
 * The Squire, aka The Door of Life (1938), republished in 2013 by Persephone Books
 * Two Plays (1944) ('Lottie Dundass' and 'Poor Judas'), US edition Theatre (1951)
 * National Velvet (play, 1946)
 * The Loved and Envied (1951)
 * Gertie (1952 play)
 * The Girl's Journey (1954)
 * The Chalk Garden (1955, play)
 * The Last Joke (1960, play)
 * The Chinese Prime Minister (1964, play)
 * A Matter of Gravity (original title Call Me Jacky; 1967, play)
 * Autobiography (1969)
 * Poems (1978)
 * Letters to Frank Harris & Other Friends (1980)
 * Early Poems (1987)

Awards

 * Arts Theater Prize for Poor Judas (1951)
 * Award of Merit Medal for The Chalk Garden (1956)
 * Prize from the Academy of Arts and Letters for The Chalk Garden (1956)

title: Enid Bagnold


text:
Language-oriented programming

Language-oriented programming (LOP) is a software-development paradigm where "language" is a software building block with the same status as objects, modules and components, and rather than solving problems in general-purpose programming languages, the programmer creates one or more domain-specific languages (DSLs) for the problem first, and solves the problem in those languages. Language-oriented programming was first described in detail in Martin Ward's 1994 paper Language Oriented Programming.

Concept
The concept of language-oriented programming takes the approach to capture requirements in the user's terms, and then to try to create an implementation language as isomorphic as possible to the user's descriptions, so that the mapping between requirements and implementation is as direct as possible. A measure of the closeness of this isomorphism is the "redundancy" of the language, defined as the number of editing operations needed to implement a stand-alone change in requirements. It is not assumed a-priori what is the best language for implementing the new language. Rather, the developer can choose among options created by analysis of the information flows — what information is acquired, what its structure is, when it is acquired, from whom, and what is done with it.

Development
The Racket programming language and RascalMPL were designed to support language-oriented programming from the ground up. Other language workbench tools such as JetBrains MPS, Kermeta, or Xtext provide the tools to design and implement DSLs and language-oriented programming.

title: Language-oriented programming


text:
Random permutation

A random permutation is a random ordering of a set of objects, that is, a permutation-valued random variable. The use of random permutations is often fundamental to fields that use randomized algorithms such as coding theory, cryptography, and simulation. A good example of a random permutation is the shuffling of a deck of cards: this is ideally a random permutation of the 52 cards.

Entry-by-entry brute force method
One method of generating a random permutation of a set of size n uniformly at random (i.e., each of the n! permutations is equally likely to appear) is to generate a sequence by taking a random number between 1 and n sequentially, ensuring that there is no repetition, and interpreting this sequence (x1, ..., xn) as the permutation

 * $$\begin{pmatrix}

1 & 2 & 3 & \cdots & n \\ x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & \cdots & x_n \\ \end{pmatrix},$$

shown here in two-line notation.

This brute-force method will require occasional retries whenever the random number picked is a repeat of a number already selected. This can be avoided if, on the ith step (when x1, ..., xi − 1 have already been chosen), one chooses a number j at random between 1 and n − i + 1 and sets xi equal to the jth largest of the unchosen numbers.

Fisher-Yates shuffles
A simple algorithm to generate a permutation of n items uniformly at random without retries, known as the Fisher–Yates shuffle, is to start with any permutation (for example, the identity permutation), and then go through the positions 0 through n − 2 (we use a convention where the first element has index 0, and the last element has index n − 1), and for each position i swap the element currently there with a randomly chosen element from positions i through n − 1 (the end), inclusive. It's easy to verify that any permutation of n elements will be produced by this algorithm with probability exactly 1/n!, thus yielding a uniform distribution over all such permutations.

Note that if the  function is implemented simply as   then a bias in the results is introduced if the number of return values of   is not a multiple of m, but this becomes insignificant if the number of return values of   is orders of magnitude greater than m.

Fixed points
The probability distribution of the number of fixed points in a uniformly distributed random permutation approaches a Poisson distribution with expected value 1 as n grows. In particular, it is an elegant application of the inclusion–exclusion principle to show that the probability that there are no fixed points approaches 1/e. When n is big enough, the probability distribution of fixed points is almost the Poisson distribution with expected value 1. The first n moments of this distribution are exactly those of the Poisson distribution.

Randomness testing
As with all random processes, the quality of the resulting distribution of an implementation of a randomized algorithm such as the Knuth shuffle (i.e., how close it is to the desired uniform distribution) depends on the quality of the underlying source of randomness, such as a pseudorandom number generator. There are many possible randomness tests for random permutations, such as some of the Diehard tests. A typical example of such a test is to take some permutation statistic for which the distribution is known and test whether the distribution of this statistic on a set of randomly generated permutations closely approximates the true distribution.

title: Random permutation


text:
Lephalale

Lephalale, formerly known as Ellisras, is a coal mining town in the Limpopo province of South Africa immediately east of the Waterberg Coalfield. The town was established as Ellisras in 1960 and named after Patrick Ellis and Piet Erasmus who settled on a farm there in the 1930s. In 2002, Ellisras was renamed Lephalale by the provincial government of Limpopo, after the main river that crosses the municipality. Lephalale is derived from the setswana language meaning "to flow".

1550 to 1750
Late Iron Age cattle posts belonging to the Letsibogo ceramic facies have been found in the area. Some rock engravings at Nelsonkop have been recorded.

1930s
The name Ellisras originates from a combination of the surnames of Patric Ellis and Piet Erasmus who settled in the 1930s on the farm Waterkloof 502LQ. Since the opening of the main route between Vaalwater and Stockpoort during 1929 a railway bus stop developed on the farm. The central function of the newly established nodes became more evident and other facilities such as schools, churches and shops were established on the farm. Subdivision of the farm started and due to the specific locality of the river, all newly created portions have a river frontage which had a definite influence on the urban form/shape of Ellisras today.

1940s
In 1941, the Geological Survey Division of the then Department of Mining, launched an exploration programme. Iscor, the country's largest steel producer, and also the biggest consumer of coking coal, actively participated in this programme.

1950s
Drilling was completed in 1952. In 1957, Iscor obtained the surface rights to six farms, including Grootegeluk.

1960s
The first townships that were proclaimed in Ellisras were: Ellisras (Proper) - 7 December 1960 Ellisras Extension 1–5 May 1965 Ellisras Extension 2–3 November 1971

1970s
A major influence on the growth of the farm Waterkloof 502LQ was the decision of Iscor in 1973 to continue with the development of the Grootegeluk Coal Mine. Work commenced in December 1974 on building the mine and one year later in December 1975, the actual quarrying of the mine commenced.

1980s
Grootegeluk mine was officially opened on 15 April 1981. On 3 March 1982 this mine was in full operation for the first time.

Mokolo Dam (previously known as the Hans Strijdom Dam) was constructed in 1979-1980 on the Mokolo River, near Lephalale. The Malmanie River and the Bulspruit River, two tributaries of the Mokolo, also enter the dam from its left side. The dam mainly serves municipal and industrial purposes.

Since Iscor became part of Ellisras, Eskom also decided to extend its interest to Ellisras seeing that the steam coal produced is suitable for use in power stations and is used for the generation of steam. It happened by a decision by Eskom to build the air-cooled Matimba Power Station in close vicinity of the Iscor coal mine. Construction of the power station commenced in April 1981 and the first phase became operational shortly thereafter. Matimba was officially opened on 17 November 1989. Full municipal status was granted to Ellisras on 1 July 1986 by means of Administrator's notice 35 of 1986.

1990s
The D'nyala Nature Reserve was the site for peace talks between Nobel Peace Prize winner F. W. de Klerk and Cyril Ramaphosa before the democratic transformation in South Africa. D'nyala is referred to as the original "bosberaad" (or bush conference) centre, based on the fact that it was used for hosting high level cabinet meetings of the former apartheid-government of South Africa prior to the first democratic elections of 1994. At the beginning of his presidency in 1989, former President F. W. de Klerk took his entire cabinet, plus a group of officials and advisors, to D'nyala for a two-day "bosberaad".

This conference involved discussions about policy development and strategies for change within the old South Africa. On 2 February 1990, a mere two months after this first bush conference, De Klerk announced the coming release of hundreds of political prisoners, including Nelson Mandela, and the legalization of black liberation organizations that had been outlawed for 30 years. He also proclaimed his then government's willingness to end apartheid and to negotiate a new constitution to the benefit of all South Africans. Over the next four years De Klerk returned to the D'nyala seven more times with various officials in order to work out solutions for crises that arose during the negotiation processes. In December 1992 and January 1993, for example, government officials and members of the African National Congress (ANC) met at D'nyala for two more bush conferences. It was after these meetings that the government and the ANC began formally working on the new constitution that would lead to South Africa's first democratic elections in April 1994.

2000s
The name of Ellisras town was changed to Lephalale during 2002.

Town
The town is divided into three major extensions:
 * Lephalale,
 * Onverwacht and
 * Marapong.

The Lephalale Municipality (LM) area comprises two (2) urban nodes, namely Lephalale/Onverwacht and Marapong (Provincial Growth Point), as well as the surrounding Witpoortjie/Thabo Mbeki rural area (Provincial Growth Point), that accommodates both commercial and communal mixed-farming practices.

An industrial area is also slowly developing near Onverwacht, while a heavy industrial zone has been earmarked near the Steenbokpan turnoff.

The locality of the municipal area in relation to the rest of the country ensures that a number of important regional routes transverse the area.

There is one National road running through the area and three main Provincial roads serve the area, namely:
 * N11 (Mokopane/Baltimore/Botswana)
 * P84/1 (Vaalwater/Ellisras/Botswana)
 * P19/2 (Ellisras/Marken) that links with (Mokopane)
 * P198/1 (Vaalwater/Ellisras)

These roads serve as links between Thabazimbi, Vaalwater, Ellisras and Mokopane. The P84/1 and 198/1 run mostly along the drainage subsystems in the area. These main roads are tarred and are in relatively good condition. The towns developed around the central business district in a linear form along the R517 road, and also along the main road that leads to Stockpoort.

The Lephalale-Stockpoort road is the main connection road between the Marapong community and Lephalale/Onverwacht.

Geography
Lephalale is situated between 23°30' and 24°00' south latitude and 27°30' and 28°00' east longitude and the town is positioned west of the Mokolo river, a tributary to the Limpopo river, 820 meters above sea level.

Weather
In Lephalale, the summers are long, hot, and partly cloudy and the winters are short, cool, dry, and clear. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 7 °C to 32 °C and is rarely below 4 °C or above 36 °C.

Based on the beach/pool score, the best times of year to visit Lephalale for hot-weather activities are from early February to mid April and from early September to early November.

Economy
The economy of Lephalale is dominated by mining, electricity production, tourism, agriculture and game farming.

Mining
Lephalale is rich with coal which is mined by Exxaro at the Grootegeluk coal mine. The Waterberg coalfield has an estimated resource of 75-billion tons of coal, which is 40% of South Africa's remaining coal resource. The coalfield's 75-billion tons are in 11 zones, which consist of bright coal with interbedded shale and dull coal, sandstone and carbonaceous shale.

However, only a relatively small part of the Waterberg coalfield is shallow enough to be accessed by open pit mining. The Eenzaamheid fault and the Daarby fault divide the Waterberg coalfield into open pit mineable and underground mineable resources.

Grootegeluk
Grootegeluk is located in the narrow band between these faults. South of the Eenzaamheid fault and in between the Daarby fault and the Zoetfontien fault, in the north, coal is found from 250 m below surface and deeper. The Grootegeluk coal mine is the largest open cast coal mine together with beneficiation plants of its kind in the world. It produces more than 17 million tonnes of coal product per year and the mine provides iron and ore industries with high grade metallurgical coal for iron and steel production. The low grade coal is supplied to Eskom's Matimba Power Station.

Besides Exxaro, Anglo Coal, Sekoko Coal and Resgen mining houses also have operations in the Lephahale area.

Electricity production
Lephalale hosts two of South Africa's power stations:
 * Eskom's Matimba Power Station. Matimba, the Tsonga word for power, is designed to generate 4,000 MW and is the largest direct dry-cooled power station in the world. Coal is supplied to Matimba by means of a conveyor belt system from Grootegeluk mine.
 * Eskom is commissioning a new power station called Medupi. Medupi will have a capacity of 4,800 MW by the time its last unit is commissioned c. 2018.

Lephalale development projects

 * Exxaro's Grootegeluk Medupi Expansion Project will, in terms of an agreement with the power utility, enable the Grootegeluk mine to supply the Medupi power station with an average 14,6Mtpa of power station coal over the next 40 years.
 * Exxaro's Thabametsi, a third coal project for Exxaro in the Waterberg, with construction planned to reach its peak in 2021. The project will employ 1,500 people. Thabametsi translates into 'water mountain' and is situated about 13 km from Grootegeluk coal mine. When completed an average of 970 people will be employed at the mine which will have a life-span of some 30 years.
 * Exxaro's proposed Independent Power Producer (IPP) Waterberg Power Station.
 * The Mokolo and Crocodile Water Augmentation Project (MCWAP) entails the phased construction of two main bulk raw water transfer systems, as well as associated infrastructure to meet the new power station, mines, and domestic demands. The main components of the scheme are abstraction weirs, pump stations, pipelines and balancing storage. When completed in 2015, this project will ensure security of supply for both the surrounding communities and the power station and mines.
 * Anglo Coal's Five Spot coal-bed methane pilot project and Thirty-Nine Spot project. The Thirty-Nine Spot project involves the drilling of another 39 boreholes and could culminate in a feasibility study in a couple of years.
 * Sasol Mining's development of a surface mine named the Limpopo West Mine (LWM).
 * Vedanta Resources PLC Independent Power Producer (IPP) Vedanta Power Station, close to Stockpoort.
 * Resgens Boikarabelo Mine has probable reserves of 744.8-million tonnes of coal on 35% of the tenements under ResGen's control. The total resource across the whole Boikarabelo tenement could be 6-billion tonnes.

Agriculture and game farming
Agricultural and farming activities in Lephalale include:

Animal production
Cattle, goats and ostriches.

Plant production
Vegetables, cotton, tobacco, citrus, paprika, peppers, cucumbers, tomatoes, pumpkins, lucern, groundnuts, dry beans, wheat, maize, cut flowers and water melons. Lephalale is annually the first to produce water melons sold to the general market.

Game farming
Game (including rare species like roan, sable and buffalo) has in recent years become a major economic activity, whilst cattle farming is declining to make way for game farming. The estimated number of game farms in Lephalale is 510.

Transport
Public transport in Lephalale is provided by a number of taxi operators and two bus companies, Lowveld Bus Services and Phadziri Brothers. Lowveld Bus Services provides local and long distance services between Lephalale and surrounding villages. In addition it has a contract to provide services for the transportation of labourers to Grootegeluk and Matimba. Phadziri bus service also provides some services to Eskom.

Industry
The major economic activities of around town includes:
 * Exxaro's Grootegeluk Coal Mine
 * Eskom's Matimba coal power station
 * Eskom's new Medupi power station
 * Agriculture

Educational institutions and training centres
Lephalale has a number of educational institutions which are:

Primary schools

 * Bosveld Primary School
 * Nelsonskop Primary School
 * Ellisras Primary School
 * Tshukudu Primary School
 * Ikitseng Primary School
 * Radibaki Primary School
 * Bakgalaka Lower Primary School
 * Makhurumula Primary School
 * Lephalale Primary School
 * Ditheko Primary School
 * Shongoane Higher Primary School
 * Mmera primary school
 * Ramojapudi primary school
 * Hardekool Akademie vir CVO

Secondary and high schools

 * Tielelo Secondary School
 * Hoërskool Ellisras
 * Phegelelo High School
 * King's College
 * Mathulasera secondary school
 * Morakolo Secondary School
 * Matshwara Secondary School
 * Lerekhureng Combined School
 * Hardekool Akademie vir CVO
 * Radinong Secondary School

Colleges

 * Lephalale TVET College

Sports
The Mogol Club, situated in the central business district, accommodates horse-riding, golf, rugby, cricket and Sabatho often hosts his soccer charity games every year.

The club also hosts conferences for major corporations and is the venue of choice for social functions and traditional bushveld braais. The Mogol Club is truly the pulse of Lephalale. The 18 hole golf course winds through the Onverwacht neighbourhoods, providing green urban spaces. It is widely known for being an excellent winter course. Annual 4 day tournament, The Marula Cup, is held during July. This tournament coincides with the Bushveld Festival.

Bushveld Festival
The Bushveld Festival takes place in early July. The festival includes cattle shows, a game auction, horse jumping, dog shows, agricultural activities, a three-day 4x4 competition, a game farms expo, hunting opportunities, bird and tree identification competitions, traditional food, live music, a beer tent and huge camp fires.

The Mokolo River
This river and its tributaries rise in the western part of the Waterberg (between 1200 and 1600 metres above mean sea level). It originates in a flattish, open area with numerous koppies and flows through a steep gorge emerging above the town of Vaalwater. Here the river flows through a relatively flat area until it enters the Mokolo Dam.

From there, it flows through another gorge before entering the Limpopo Plain, near the junction with the Rietspruit. From this point, the Mokolo River flows through flat sandy areas until it reaches the Limpopo River. Fish species found in the Mokolo include:
 * African mottled eel (Anguilla bengalensis labiata)
 * Common mountain catfish (Amphilius uranoscopus)
 * Shortspine suckermouth (Chiloglanis pretoriae)
 * Small barbs (Barbus spp.)
 * Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
 * Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)
 * Shortfin barb (Enteromius brevipinnis)
 * Orangefin barb (Enteromius eutaenia)
 * Shortspine suckermouth (Chiloglanis pretoriae)
 * Lhe longfin eel (Anguilla mossambica)
 * Redeye labeo (Labeo cylindricus) and
 * Largescale yellowfish (Labeobarbus marequensis)

Vegetation
The area is dominated by mixed bushveld and sour bushveld (sourveld). In the Limpopo Plain, arid sweet bushveld occurs while pockets of north-eastern mountain sourveld occur in higher lying areas to the south of the catchment.

D'nyala Nature Reserve
Situated 10 km from the town of Lephalale, this resort gets its name from the massive nyala tree that is characteristic of the area, and is also the southernmost habitat of the famous baobab tree. D'nyala boasts a diversity of game which includes some 65 mammal species such as nyala, white rhinoceros, giraffe, waterbuck, tsessebe, oryx, eland, zebra, impala, caracal, African wildcat, brown hyena, black-backed jackal and leopard. The animals of D'nyala roam freely over the area including the vicinity of the chalets.

263 bird species have been identified including waterfowl attracted to the area by the plains, a few examples include tawny eagle, kori bustard, red-billed oxpecker, black stork, black-winged pratincole, white-backed vulture, Cape vulture, marabou stork, yellow-billed stork, martial eagle, secretarybird, bateleur, lappet-faced vulture, golden-breasted bunting, yellow-fronted canary, bushveld pipit, Cape longclaw, long-tailed paradise-whydah, violet-eared waxbill, African quailfinch, lesser masked-weaver, red-billed buffalo-weaver, capped wheatear, fiscal flycatcher, Chestnut-backed sparrow-lark, rufous-naped lark, arrow-marked babbler and orange-breasted bush-shrike. In the centre of D'nyala, is a VIP mansion, and a conference centre that is of historical significance.

Mokolo Nature Reserve and Dam
Adjacent to the Mokolo Nature Reserve of 4,600 hectares is the Mokolo dam, the biggest dam in the Limpopo Province and bordering for 6 km on the Mokolo river, flows out of this dam. Approximately 50 km to the south of Lephalale, this dam is well suited for water sports enthusiasts, campers and day visitors. The dammed up Mokolo river winds around mountains. It is on the northern slopes of the Waterberg mountains and has the advantage of both sweet veld as well as sour veld. Mokolo Dam into which the Mokolo River flows, is fairly large and water enthusiasts, campers, anglers and birders all regard the reserve as a sanctuary, set as it is against the beautiful mountains. Mokolo Nature Reserve is true bush, offering open savannah and more dense bushveld to the animals that roam here.

Waterberg Biosphere Reserve
An area of the District Municipality was designated as a Waterberg Biosphere Reserve (Waterberg District Municipality, 2010). The biosphere reserve concept is aimed at achieving a balance between the pressures of the tourism industry, the need to generate direct benefits to local communities and conservation of the cultural and natural heritage assets.

The Waterberg Biosphere Reserve was declared a National Priority Area in terms of Section 18(1) of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004 (Act No. 39 of 2004). The area requires specific air quality management actions to address the negative impacts of the air quality as a proactive approach to support future sustainable development in the area (Waterberg District Municipality, 2010).

Wonderkop Nature Reserve
This reserve covers ±16,100 hectares and also adjoins the Glen Alpine Dam, which forms 11 km of the eastern boundary of Wonderkop Nature Reserve. It was proclaimed as a provincial nature reserve in June 1994. Environmental education is conducted in the areas adjacent to the reserve and the sustainable utilisation of natural resources is promoted from which the surrounding communities could benefit.

Lephalale's baboon spiders
A road upgrade project revealed in March 2012, that a large community of baboon spiders existed in the area. As these long lived species, golden-brown and burst-horned baboon spiders are protected under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 175 individuals along the Nelson Mandela Road and another 376 along the Kuipersbult Road, were captured.

An 800 ha portion in the south of the Manketti Game Reserve, some 5–10 km from the capture site, was identified as a suitable new habitat. Artificial burrows were created and the spiders were relocated. This project is considered unique as the large scale relocation of invertebrates is a rare occurrence.

title: Lephalale


text:
1669 in music

The year 1669 in music involved some significant events.

Events

 * February 17 – Première of Alessandro Melani's opera L'empio punito at the Teatro di Palazzo Colonna in Rome. The work was commissioned by Marie Mancini.

Publications

 * Luigi Battiferri – Ricercari, Op.3
 * Giovanni Maria Bononcini – Op. 3, a collection of sonatas in canon
 * Henri Dumont – Cinq messes en plain-chant
 * Johann Caspar Kerll – Delectus sacrarum cantionum, 26 motets for 2–5 voices, 2 violins and basso continuo
 * Henry Lawes
 * Select Ayres and Dialogues
 * The Treasury of Musick
 * Samuel Capricornus
 * Continuatio theatri musici
 * Scelta musicale
 * Theatrum musicum
 * Giovanni Antonio Pandolfi – Sonate cioè balletti, sarabande, correnti, passacagli, capricetti e una trombetta...
 * Maurizio Cazzati – Varii, e diversi capricci per camera, Op. 50

Classical music

 * Johann Schmelzer – Sonata a 4, La Carolietta

Opera

 * Francesco Cavalli – Coriolano
 * Antonio Cesti – Genserico
 * Antonio Draghi – Achille in Sciro
 * Jean-Baptiste Lully – Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, LWV 41

Births

 * April 6 – Johann Christopf Faber, composer, organist, and organ builder (died 1742)
 * February 2 – Louis Marchand, organist, harpsichordist and composer (died 1732)
 * August 24 – Alessandro Marcello, composer (died 1747)
 * October 10 – Johann Nicolaus Bach, composer (died 1753)
 * October 13 – Charles Desmazures, composer (died 1736)
 * date unknown
 * Johann Samuel Beyer, composer (died 1744)
 * Miquel López Sebastián, composer (died 1723)

Deaths

 * April 6 – Lars Wivallius, librettist (born 1605)
 * April 17 – Antonio Bertali, violinist and composer (born 1605)
 * May? – Étienne Richard, composer, organist and harpsichordist (born c.1621)
 * October 14 – Antonio Cesti, opera composer (born 1623)
 * October 28 – Agustin Moreto y Cavana, poet (born 1618)
 * date unknown
 * Richard Ayleward, musician and composer (born 1626)
 * Christopher Simpson, viola da gamba player and composer (born c.1605)
 * probable – Étienne Moulinié, composer (born c.1600)

title: 1669 in music


text:
Baby's Day Out

Baby's Day Out is a 1994 American adventure comedy film directed by Patrick Read Johnson and written by John Hughes, who also produced the film. Starring Joe Mantegna, Lara Flynn Boyle, Joe Pantoliano, and Brian Haley. The plot centers on a wealthy baby's abduction by three criminals, his subsequent escape and adventure through Chicago while being pursued by the criminals.

Released on July 1, 1994, by 20th Century Fox in the United States, the film was a box office bomb grossing only $30 million against a $48 million budget. Despite being panned by critics, it has since become a cult film.

Plot
Bennington Austin "Bink" Cotwell IV, the nine-month-old son of socialites Laraine and Bennington Austin "Bing" Cotwell III, lives in a mansion in a suburb of Chicago and is just about to appear in the social pages of the newspaper.

Three very clumsy criminals, Edgar "Eddie" Mauser, Norbert "Norby" LeBlaw, and Victor "Veeko" Riley, disguise themselves as baby photographers from the newspaper and kidnap Bink, demanding a ransom of $5 million. After the kidnapping, however, the criminals have difficulty controlling Bink at their apartment. Norby attempts to put him to sleep by reading his favourite storybook, Baby's Day Out (or "Boo-Boo" as he calls it), only to fall asleep himself from boredom, leaving Bink unattended. Looking through the book, Bink notices a pigeon on the page and then one by the window; he follows it out and successfully gets away from his kidnappers. The ensuing chase culminates in Eddie falling off the building and into a garbage bin. Norby and Veeko rescue him, and they begin pursuing Bink across the city.

The FBI arrives at the mansion, headed by Dale Grissom, where they try to piece together clues along with Bink's parents and his nanny, Gilbertine. Meanwhile, Bink, now outside on the ground and crawling about, finds another part of his book – the blue bus, which he then boards. The criminals realise he is escaping and start chasing the bus in their van, but their efforts are in vain.

Meanwhile, on the bus, Bink crawls into the bag of an obese woman who gets off at her stop shortly afterward. By the time the criminals catch the bus, they realize Bink is not on board and follow the lady, leading to a physical altercation after she catches them. In the distraction, Bink crawls up to a revolving door at the entrance to a department store and is forced inwards by its momentum. He is stopped by an employee who works for the store's day care center, believing he is another baby who escaped from there. He then escapes from the store and eventually crawls into traffic after a ride on a taxi. Meanwhile Bink’s parents receive a phone call from a concerned citizen Joe Depke who believes he saw Bink with a woman Mrs. McCray. Depke feigns memory loss when questioned until Mr. Cotwell pays him money. In the McCray’s apartment the couple realize it’s not Bink and apologize for the inconvenience. Mrs. McCray tells them she prays Bink will come back to them and knows how’d she’d feel if it were one of her kids. Just before leaving she tells Bing that she believes someone somewhere watches over the babies. The couple tell Mrs. McCray they hope she never is in their place for her children’s sake & express hope that someone does watch over the babies.

The criminals attempt to follow him, but keep getting injured in the process as he makes his way to the city zoo. They are shocked to find him in the ape house with a western lowland gorilla, who shows a friendly and paternal side and does not injure him. The gorilla also feeds Bink with some of his fruits. The criminals try to retrieve him, but the gorilla notices them; he pounds Veeko's hand, throws Norby into the air using a mop as a catapult, and hurls Eddie against the bars of another nearby cage.

The criminals corner and catch Bink in the zoo's park, but are confronted by two chatty police officers, who have noticed that their van's engine is still running. During the conversation, Eddie hides Bink under his coat in his lap, but Bink reaches his cigarette lighter, setting his groin on fire and sneaking off as soon as the officers are gone. Veeko extinguishes the fire by stomping repeatedly on Eddie's groin.

They then follow Bink to a construction site where they experience several near-death mishaps such as Veeko getting thrown off the building and into the back of a garbage truck, Norby falling into a vat of wet cement, and Eddie getting stranded on a crane after being hit by a hammer and drenched in glue. The sun then sets as Bink and the construction crew leave the site. After managing to escape, the criminals give up on catching Bink and return home.

Bink's parents are notified of various sightings of him in the city and Gilbertine deduces that he has been following Baby's Day Out, and will most likely head for the Old Soldiers' Home next. Sure enough, Bink has made his way inside the home, where the elderly residents entertain him with a rendition of Irving Berlin's "This Is the Army, Mr. Jones." Laraine and Bing run in and joyously embrace Bink. On the way home, he begins to call out for his "Boo-Boo" towards the criminals' flat. Laraine believes he is looking at the clock on top of the building and tries teaching him it’s a “tick tock”. Gilbertine again deduces he wants his book and tells Laraine there’s no “tick tock” in the book. The recuperating criminals, upon hearing Bink calling out for his book, realize that he has returned, and upon looking out the window, to their shock, they find themselves surrounded by the FBI. They also find Bink and his parents standing outside the building as well. As Eddie berates Bink for ratting them out, Grissom forces the criminals to return Bink's book. As Eddie throws down the book, he, Norby and Veeko are arrested for kidnapping Bink and Bink is happy to have his book back and returns home with his parents.

Back at home, Bink is put to bed by his parents, who discuss having his photograph taken by a normal photographer in the morning while, unbeknownst to them, he wakes up and gets ready to read another book titled Baby's Trip to China.

Cast

 * Adam Robert Worton and Jacob Joseph Worton as Bennington Austin "Bink" Cotwell IV
 * Verne Troyer as Bink's stunt double.
 * Joe Mantegna as Edgar "Eddie" Mauser
 * Joe Pantoliano as Norbert "Norby" LeBlaw
 * Brian Haley as Victor "Veeko" Riley
 * Lara Flynn Boyle as Laraine Cotwell
 * Matthew Glave as Bennington Austin "Bing" Cotwell III
 * Cynthia Nixon as Gilbertine
 * Fred Thompson as FBI Agent Dale Grissom
 * Robin Baber as the obese woman
 * John Neville as Mr. Andrews
 * Trevor Dalton as Norm
 * Eddie Bracken as Old Soldier
 * Dawn Maxey as Young Employee
 * Anna Thomson as Mrs. McCray
 * John Alexander as the gorilla's in-suit performer
 * Jugen Heimann, Tom Hester, Mark Setrakian, and Marc L. Taylor assisted in the gorilla's face performance
 * Neil Flynn and William Homes as the cops in the park

Production
Baby's Day Out was filmed in Chicago, Illinois, and Los Angeles, California on August 17 - December 16, 1993, and featured one of the earliest fully computer-generated 3D cityscapes which was a challenge for Industrial Light and Magic. Senior digital artist Henry LaBounta said: “We had to have a CG city – Chicago – for those shots where the baby’s looking down from the crane. I was the guy that was going to be making that city. And I was like, I just started here." Visual Effects Supervisor John Knoll responded "Yeah, but you’re the 3D expert guy," causing LaBounta to realize that he was coming in on his first show as one of the experts on the team, as most of the people he was working with only had experience with 2D compositing.

Critical response
The film was panned by critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a "Rotten" score of 24% based on 17 reviews with an average rating of 4.5/10. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

Critic Roger Ebert wrote that "Baby's Day Out contains gags that might have worked in a Baby Herman cartoon, but in live action, with real people, taxis, buses, streets, and a real baby, they're just not funny. The Worton twins are adorable as Baby Bink, however; the audience produced an audible coo the first time they saw him on the screen." He gave the film one-and-a-half stars out of four. However, his partner on the Siskel & Ebert show, Gene Siskel, liked it and called it an "absolute perfect child's-eye view of the fantasies that they might have."

Hal Hinson, writing for the Washington Post, wrote: "The pace is quick and efficient but never frantic...almost everything in the picture is just right, including the two-bit crooks who abduct the superhero toddler and end up bruised and begging hilariously for mercy. Best of all, though, is the Binkman himself, whose tiny face is so expressive that he brings new meaning to the phrase 'conquering with a smile.'"

Box office
The film opened with takings of $4,044,662 at the start of July 1994. It finally grossed $16,827,402 at the box office in the United States and Canada and $13.4 million internationally, for a worldwide total of $30.2 million, a disappointing return considering the $48 million production budget.

Year-end lists

 * 1st worst – Melinda Miller, The Buffalo News
 * Top 10 worst (not ranked) – Dan Webster, The Spokesman-Review

Popularity in India and remakes
Baby's Day Out was a popular film in India. The owner of a large Kolkata theater told Roger Ebert in 1999 that it was the most successful film at his theater, running full for more than 17 weeks. It was remade in Telugu in 1995 as Sisindri, in Hindi as Ek Phool Teen Kante in 1997. The Telugu version was then remade in Malayalam in 1999 as James Bond. In Sri Lanka, the Sinhalese version was titled Onna Babo.

Legacy
In the 2010s, Baby's Day Out was the subject of a video essay by Red Letter Media. The video, a review of the film told from the perspective of the fictional character Mr. Plinkett, went viral, and portions of the film subsequently became memes.

Cancelled video game
A video game adaptation of the film was planned, completed and slated to be released on Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Sega Genesis, and Game Boy in October 1994, but was canceled shortly before release. Instead of playing as Bink, the player would have controlled his guardian angel in order to guide him to safety in the vein of Pac-Man 2: The New Adventures. Despite its cancellation, an advertisement for the game is included on the film's VHS release. Two prototypes of the Sega Genesis port have surfaced online in subsequent years, but the GameBoy and Super NES versions are still lost for now.

Home media
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the film on VHS on April 4, 1995, and on DVD on January 29, 2002. Special features include Patrick Read Johnson's commentary, a featurette and a trailer for it. It was re-released on DVD on October 11, 2011.

title: Baby's Day Out


text:
User talk:Ajshm

This account is no longer active. To all the copyright nazis, if there is an image I uploaded a long time ago and you don't think it's fair use, just delete it.

Fair use rationale for Image:MagnumPI.jpg
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Image:Ladysnowbloodcover.jpg
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:MagnumPI.jpg
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Speedy deletion of Image:Göncz Makk.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Shintaro Katsu in Zatoichi Challenged.JPG
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:Spring Summer Fall Winter And Spring movie.jpg)
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Fair use rationale for Image:Spring Summer Fall Winter And Spring movie.jpg
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 * Ditto for Image:Makk.jpg, Image:Ladysnowbloodcover.jpg, Image:Vivelamour.jpg, Image:Cafelumiere.jpg, Image:Wkwtk.JPG, Image:Kazukitomokawa.JPG --Geniac (talk) 15:12, 15 July 2008 (UTC)

Image source problem with Image:Izoposter.jpg
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Redirect of Troll Bridge (movie)
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Nomination of Kiting (video gaming) for deletion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Takeo Kikuchi for deletion
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title: User talk:Ajshm


text:
Pilar, Goa

Pilar is a village in Goa, India, some 10 km from the state capital Panaji. It is on a hill top and has a panoramic view of the Arabian Sea and the mountains all around.

Etymology
The village is named after Our Lady of the Pillar (Nuestra Señora del Pilar in Spanish).

Pilar Society
The headquarters of the Missionary Society of St. Francis Xavier is located at Pilar, hence the common name of Pilar Society given to the missionaries of Saint Francis Xavier. [SFX].

There are pilgrims who visit Pilar every Thursday to venerate the mortal remains of venerable Father Agnelo, a priest of the above-said Society who had lived a virtuous life.

The Pre-Novitiate house is doing well in Pilar. They organised an art exhibition there entitled ''Waves Of Destruction... Waves of Compassion...''

title: Pilar, Goa