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Keys to Ascension

Keys to Ascension is the fourth live and fifteenth studio album by English progressive rock band Yes, released as a double album in October 1996 on Essential Records. In 1995, guitarist Trevor Rabin and keyboardist Tony Kaye left the group which marked the return of former members Steve Howe and Rick Wakeman, thus reuniting them with vocalist Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, and drummer Alan White, a line-up that had last performed in 1979. The group relocated to San Luis Obispo, California to make a new album and to promote their reunion with three shows at the Fremont Theater, in March 1996. Keys to Ascension features half of the live set from the 1996 shows and two new studio tracks which marked a return to Yes writing longform pieces.

Keys to Ascension received a mostly positive reception from music critics, and reached No. 48 on the UK Albums Chart and No. 99 on the Billboard 200. Yes supported the album with a media tour which included live performances at record stores and television and radio appearances, and a same-titled home video of the concerts. After further studio tracks were completed in 1996 and 1997, these and the second half of the 1996 live set was released on the follow-up album, Keys to Ascension 2 (1997). The studio tracks from both Keys to Ascension albums were compiled on Keystudio (2001), and both albums were packaged in their entirety in 1998 and 2010, the latter with the concert video as a bonus disc.

Background
In October 1994, the Yes line-up of lead vocalist Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, keyboardist Tony Kaye, drummer Alan White and guitarist and vocalist Trevor Rabin wrapped their 1994 tour in support of the band's fourteenth studio album, Talk (1994). The tour was met with crowds smaller than previous tours, and the album was a commercial disappointment among the ever changing music scene, with grunge and rock groups Guns N' Roses, Metallica, Pearl Jam, and Nirvana taking mainstream interest, leaving Yes in what band biographer Chris Welch wrote, "In danger of slipping back into an obscurity more dark and profound than at any time in their history". They suffered a setback when, in May 1995, Rabin felt he had done all he could artistically within the group and decided to leave after 13 years to become a film composer, with Kaye following suit to pursue other projects. Squire convinced Rabin to hang on for several more months, but escalating arguments between Anderson and himself convinced the guitarist that it was time.

With Yes reduced to a trio of Anderson, Squire, and White, the band replaced manager Tony Dimitriades, who had been with them since the early 1980s, with Jon Brewer. Soon after the change, Brewer was approached by Castle Communications, a British independent label with an interest in releasing a Yes album on its subsidiary label, Essential Records. Brewer and Castle agreed to the idea on the condition that the album featured the band's "classic" line-up from the 1970s, which included guitarist Steve Howe and keyboardist Rick Wakeman. The pair had left in 1992 after the band's Union Tour and continued with their solo projects, but were interested to return and met with Anderson in Los Angeles for several days to discuss the situation. In July 1995, the five had agreed to work together and make the album; it marked the start of Howe's third stint in the band and Wakeman's fourth. This marked the first time this line-up had played together since their unsuccessful attempt to record a new album in early 1980. Squire later revealed the initial plan of having both Keys to Ascension albums feature just live recordings, but Castle wished for them to contain new tracks recorded in the studio. The group agreed to release the album with the aim of letting the public know that the five had reunited, and Anderson wished to explore the music that the line-up had recorded in the 1970s and take Yes "into the 21st century".

Studio tracks
In October 1995, the group started writing and rehearsing in the city of San Luis Obispo, California without Wakeman, who joined soon after. They chose the location after Anderson had moved there in August that year and suggested that they work there. Wakeman particularly enjoyed his time working in a small and remote location as it gave the band the chance to focus without "the glare of everything and it gave everybody a chance to spend a bit of time together and just quietly almost reprogram ourselves". To record the new material, the band leased a building that was once a bank and set up a recording studio inside that was later dubbed Yesworld Studio on the album's sleeve notes. Working with them was co-producer Tom Fletcher, with Kevin Dickey, Zang Angelfire, and Bill Smith assisting with engineering and mixing duties. Dickey also edited the album using the Sonic Solutions audio software.

Keys to Ascension contains two new studio tracks from the band, "Be the One" and "That, That Is". When it came to pooling ideas, Squire, Anderson, and Howe contributed pieces that they had been holding on to which were then developed further. "Be the One" is a three-part song credited to Anderson, Squire, and Howe. The former revealed the song covers the idea of commitment, and how the band made a commitment to working together once again after a considerable length of time apart.

Live tracks
In addition to the new studio-produced songs, the band agreed to hold two shows at the city's Fremont Theater on 5 and 6 March 1996 and have them recorded and released with the new tracks. The concerts were advertised online through their website YesWorld, leading fans from around the world to book tickets. To cater for the high demand for tickets, a third show was organised on 4 March. The shows sold out, with approximately 650 people in attendance at each one.

The setlist for the three shows was formed of thirteen songs originally released between 1970 and 1978. This marked the first live performance of "Onward" from Tormato (1978) in the band's history and "The Revealing Science of God (Dance of the Dawn)" from Tales from Topographic Oceans (1973) since 1974. The encores were "Roundabout" and "Starship Trooper". During the selection process, the band rehearsed Howe's suggestion of "A Venture" from The Yes Album (1971). Wakeman, who is known for his overall distaste for Tales from Topographic Oceans, was happy to play "The Revealing Science of God (Dance of the Dawn)" as it was the track out of the album's four that he was most interested to perform. According to Howe, most of the second night's recordings were used on the live portion of the album. The shows were also filmed for release on a same-titled home video in 1996.

Post-production
Towards the end of the album's mixing stage, Fletcher had to end his involvement due to touring commitments with Steve Lukather. He had completed mixing the live tracks but the studio songs were incomplete, leading Squire to suggest Billy Sherwood, who had performed additional guitars on the Talk tour, to complete it with Smith.

After recording, Howe had planned to remain in the studio and update his vocal tracks over the course of four days, yet his time there was extended to five weeks. He oversaw the mixing process as he and the producers wished for an end product that he was happy with, as he was unable to attend the sessions for the previous two Yes-related albums he had played on. Anderson visited the studio each day during this time. Howe later recalled this time in a negative light, pointing out the lack of support from the whole band, working to get the album sounding right without pay, and the lack of appreciation for his efforts. He concluded: "I thought, 'Wow, never again. Don't call me with a project like that". When it came to producing Keys to Ascension 2, the band agreed to have Sherwood produce the studio tracks on Keys to Ascension 2 (1997). Wakeman was particularly happy with Sherwood's involvement with the project, complimenting his way of working and getting the best performance out of each member.

The album's artwork was designed by Roger Dean, and includes one titled "Arches Mist". The front cover features the band's logo used through the 1970s and the square shaped one he designed for their thirteenth studio album, Union (1991).

Release
Keys to Ascension was released in October 1996 and reached number 48 on the UK Albums Chart and number 99 on the Billboard 200 during its two-week presence on the chart. Anderson thought the album was not promoted effectively due to the lack of funds at Essential.

The studio tracks from both Keys to Ascension albums were compiled on Keystudio (2001), and both albums were packaged in their entirety in 1998 and 2010, the latter with the concert video as a bonus disc.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

Yes
 * Jon Anderson – vocals, guitars, harp
 * Steve Howe – 6 and 12 string guitars, pedal steel guitar, 5-string bass on "Be the One", vocals
 * Chris Squire – bass guitar, piccolo bass on "Be the One", vocals
 * Rick Wakeman – keyboards
 * Alan White – drums, vocals

Production
 * Yes – production
 * Tom Fletcher – producer, engineer, live mixing
 * Kevin Dickey – assistant engineer, live mixing, Sonic Solutions digital editing
 * Zang Angelfire – assistant engineer
 * Bill Smith – live mixing
 * Billy Sherwood – mixing on "Be the One" and "That That Is"
 * Roger Dean – paintings, logos, lettering
 * Gottlieb Bros./Yes Magazine – photographs
 * Martyn Dean – packaging design
 * Jon Brewer – management

title: Keys to Ascension


text:
Glenalmond College

Glenalmond College is a co-educational independent boarding school in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, for children aged between 12 and 18 years. It is situated on the River Almond near the village of Methven, about 8 mi west of the city of Perth. The college opened in 1847 as Trinity College, Glenalmond and was renamed in 1983. Originally a boys' school, Glenalmond became co-educational in the 1990s.

History
Trinity College, Glenalmond, was founded as a private school by the future Prime Minister, William Gladstone and James Hope-Scott. The land for the school was given by Lord Glenalmond, who for the rest of his life, in company with his wife Margaret, took a keen interest in its development and success. It was established to provide teaching for young men destined for the ministry of the Scottish Episcopal Church and where young men could be brought up in the faith of that Church. It was originally known as The Scottish Episcopal College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Glenalmond. The school opened its doors on 4 May 1847 to fourteen boys (though one boy, Lord Kerr, later Marquess of Lothian and Secretary for Scotland, arrived a day early). The first Warden (headmaster) was Charles Wordsworth.

The Edinburgh architect John Henderson worked on the project in 1841–51; later the firm were to be re-employed with his son George Henderson in charge on rebuilding work after a fire in 1893. In 1955 Basil Spence was engaged to alter the chapel.

In 1983, the school's name was changed to Glenalmond College. Until 1990 Glenalmond was an all-boys school. Girls were initially admitted into the sixth form only, and the school became fully co-educational in 1995.

In 2007, the school received media attention after pupils reportedly created a spoof video that featured them "hunting" "chavs" (a derogatory term in use in the UK) on horseback and with rifles. The school condemned the video. The school was the subject of a documentary broadcast on BBC 2 in Autumn 2008. Pride and Privilege chronicled a year in the life of Glenalmond and followed a number of pupils and teachers.

Boarding houses
There are seven boarding houses: Goodacre's, Home, Lothian, Matheson's, Patchell's, Reid's and Skrine's.

Notable alumni

 * Robbie Coltrane – actor
 * Andrew Dunlop, Baron Dunlop – Conservative peer
 * Johnie Everett – cricketer
 * Christopher Geidt – Queen's private secretary
 * Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, current head of the House of Hohenzollern
 * Andrew Gordon – historian
 * Ronald Gordon – cricketer and soldier
 * Dougie Hall – rugby player
 * David Leslie – rugby player
 * Alastair Mackenzie — actor
 * Richard Simpson – Labour Member of the Scottish Parliament and former Justice Minister
 * Brian Stewart — diplomat and spy
 * Andrew Macdonald — Film Producer
 * Kevin Macdonald — Film Director

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Glenalmond College


text:
Glenalmond

Glenalmond or Glen Almond  (Gleann Amain) is a glen which stretches for several miles to the west of the city of Perth in Perth and Kinross, Scotland and down which the River Almond flows. The upper half of the glen runs through mountainous country and is virtually uninhabited whilst the lower, easterly section of the glen is more open. The change in character takes place as the river crosses the Highland Boundary Fault, leaving the Grampian Highlands for the Central Lowlands.

A short section of Glen Almond which has a more northwesterly-southeasterly alignment is known as the Sma' Glen, (Caol Ghlinn Amain). The A822 road takes advantage of this deeply incised section of the glen to forge a route between Crieff and Strathbran, much as General Wade's Military Road did in the middle of the eighteenth century.

Lower Glenalmond is the location for Glenalmond College, a private boarding school.

title: Glenalmond


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Smithers, British Columbia

Smithers is a town in northwestern British Columbia, approximately halfway between Prince George and Prince Rupert. With a population of 5,351 in 2016, Smithers provides service coverage for most of the Bulkley Valley.

Region
First Nations settlements existed thousands of years prior to European presence.

Railway
The planned Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (GTP) required two major divisional points in BC, where additional staff and facilities would be located. After Prince George, various central points on the Prince Rupert leg were considered in the vicinity of Aldermere. A prime choice was Hubert, 3.2 mi east of Telkwa, initially called Bulkley by the developers, who had amassed the surrounding land. These speculators promoted a future new city, and later a trade centre of the Bulkley Valley, both fallacious claims, since Smithers had already been selected as the divisional point. The Interior News of Aldermere had earlier adopted a policy of refusing advertising from such unscrupulous promoters. The Aldermere Board of Trade was hostile to the idea of Telkwa itself being the divisional headquarters, allegedly because the rail yards would destroy the alder groves. In reality, they likely foresaw that even a station would soon relocate their community down to the stop.

The speculators had not considered the swampy ground 9.2 mi west of Telkwa at the foot of Hudson Bay Mountain. Averse to sharing land sale profits with speculators, the GTP made this their headquarters, creating Smithers, named after Sir Alfred Smithers, chair of the GTP board. During 1913, the Railway Commission approved the station site as the second divisional point in March. Surveying started in April, 100 of the 160 acres of town site were cleared by August, and 160 acres of railyards by September. The railhead advanced by in July, and the first passenger train arrived in October.

With the standard quarter portion reserved for government facilities, the GTP began marketing plots that month. Despite ditches for draining, the subsoil was layers of quicksand and clay, requiring pile driving for building foundations. Pleas to the GTP to address the swampy road conditions fell on deaf ears.

The temporary train station, built in 1915, was replaced in 1919 by a Plan 100‐166 station building. For decades, the railway remained the dominant employer, but from the 1950s, employee numbers gradually dwindled, and buildings became redundant. In 1994, the Smithers Community Services Association purchased the listed station building.

Town layout
Professional landscape architects designed the street layout to accommodate a potential 10,000 people, and the municipality largely followed this plan over subsequent decades. In recent decades, expansion has adopted modern planning concepts, instead of the original grid pattern. However, the original design ignored the topography and soil conditions. Consequently, some lots on slopes, creeks or flood plains could not be developed. Main Street was the commercial core, with the train station and Alfred Park at one end and Central (formerly City Hall) Park at the other (now the intersection with Highway 16). Residential development radiated outward. In 1925, the government built a combined courthouse/provincial offices within the latter park. Main Street implemented an alpine theme in 1972.

Commerce & population
The Seymour Lake Lumber Company, having a 15,000-foot capacity per shift mill, was producing 10,000 feet of lumber daily to keep up with the building boom. Swampy land with canvas tents and shacks became what the Omenica Miner described in October 1913 as "the best district in British Columbia."

The Telkwa Tribune, renamed the Smithers Tribune, relocated and the Smithers Review opened. By 1914, there were the two newspapers, two banks, three churches, a three-storey hotel, stores, a telephone system and an electricity supply. Stores and services comprised six rooming houses, five restaurants, four general stores, doctor, dentist, drugstore, hardware store, sawmill, planing mill, two lumber yards, plumber, sheet iron worker, sign works, three contracting firms, two laundries, two poolrooms, livery stable, meat market, shoe shop, and two real estate firms.

After the 1914 Telkwa fire, which destroyed 13 downtown buildings, many businesses relocated to Smithers, a community of 125 permanent buildings and 700 people. The sizable GTP payroll provided a solid base to attract further settlers and businesses. Initial optimism projected a 5,000 population by 1915, which was finally achieved in 1991. The population, that fell during World War I, was 350 in 1918, and 520 in 1920.

Volunteers contained two 1921 fires. The power plant one caused $10,000 damage to a cold storage plant. Months later, two adjacent hotels burned to the ground. By 1925, the population was about 1,000. A 1930 fire caused $25,000 damage to the Hudson Bay Lumber sawmill on the western outskirts A.S. Sargent permanently closed his store after a 1931 fire. During the Great Depression, many businesses closed, and the population hovered around 700.

From the 1940s, many small independent bush mills supplied the two local planer mills. The population increased from 1,204 in 1951 to 2,487 in 1961, 4,570 by 1981, and peaked at 5,624 in 1996.

Public institutions & amenities
The post office completed, J. Mason Adams was the inaugural postmaster 1913–14. He operated the first drug store in Telkwa. The Smithers Citizens Association, formed in December 1913, provided leadership, but could not levy taxes. Miss Mary K. Downey was the initial teacher at the school established in April 1914. In 1915, a permanent building replaced temporary accommodation in the Methodist Church. Citizen donations provided a $15,000 community hall. In 1920, the premier opened the two-storey hospital, which provided 15 beds on remodelling. Smithers became the first incorporated village for BC in 1921.

During the Depression, the basic rural road network was built, the golf course opened in 1931, the airfield in 1933, a fire truck was purchased, the Bulkley Valley District Hospital (staffed by the Sisters of St. Anne until 1969) opened in 1934, and the Dominion Experimental Farm in 1938. Highway 16 was completed to Prince Rupert in 1944. A 1947 referendum approved a town water supply. In 1967, when Smithers became a town, J.F. MacDonald was the first mayor. The combined library/museum built that year housed the books previously shelved in the Municipal Hall garage since 1955. A decade later, the museum moved to the Central Park building, allowing the library to expand. In 1976, the province moved the regional office from Prince Rupert. The Bulkley Valley Regional Pool and Recreation Centre opened in 1990.

Education, health & emergency services
School District 54 Bulkley Valley is one of the largest employers, and three private schools operate. A Coast Mountain College campus provides tertiary education. The Smithers Public Library is open 5–9 hours daily on 6 days per week. The Bulkley Valley Museum has similar restricted opening times.

The Bulkley Valley Regional Pool and Recreation Centre is open daily. The Bulkley Valley District Hospital is a 25-bed acute care facility.

A 40-person volunteer fire department, and three-ambulance base exist.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police detachment serves Smithers, Telkwa, Fort Babine Reserve, and the Moricetown First Nations Reserve.

Smithers and area now has a BC Emergency Support Services team.

Transportation

Air Canada, Central Mountain Air, charter airlines, and helicopter companies, provide multiple daily flights.

VIA Rail's Jasper-Prince Rupert makes a scheduled stop three times a week in each direction.

When Greyhound cancelled this route in 2019, BC Bus North, became the replacement operator for a twice weekly service.

Culture
Smithers and the Bulkley Valley have often been described by non-residents as the somewhat culturally unique to the rest of Northern British Columbia. Many factors contribute to the composition of society in Smithers, including the arts, industry smoke stacks outside of town from mills and mining.

Smithers has adopted an alpine theme, which is drawn from the geography of the area. A town bylaw requires businesses in the downtown area centred on Main Street to construct their buildings in an alpine style. A fibreglass statue of a man blowing an alpine horn, commonly referred to as The Alpenman or Alpine Al, is located at the entrance to the main street and has become the town symbol. Similarly, the Smithers chamber of commerce displays an Alpine Al costume at community events and in television advertisements for the town's businesses.

Residents of Smithers are called Smithereens which remains a more popularly accepted demonym than the sometimes used 'Smitherite'.

Smithereens have a particularly strong environmental ethic. In 2006, over 600 Smithereens took to the streets to voice their opposition to a proposed coalbed methane gas field near Telkwa, which they claimed would threaten local water quality, landscape integrity and wild salmon populations.

Likewise a proposal by Thompson Creek Metals to develop a molybdenum mine to extract the Davidson deposit on Hudson Bay Mountain near the town was vigorously opposed over a period of years before TCM abandoned the project.

Smithers and the Bulkley Valley are home to many musicians, including Juno-Award-winning Alexis Puentes. The biggest assembly of musical talent happens during the annual Mid-Summer Music Festival in late June. Over the years, the Mid-Summer Music Festival has seen some famous acts like Spirit of the West and the Barenaked Ladies and has drawn audiences and participants from all across North America.

The Della Herman Theatre, named after a longtime resident and former school board official, is the primary venue for shows and performances, though several pubs and even open fields serve as secondary performance venues. Numerous organizations including the Bulkley Valley Community Arts Council operate to keep music and other artistic activities vibrant.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Smithers had a population of 5,378 living in 2,313 of its 2,411 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 5,401. With a land area of 15.26 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

The latest census, taken in 2016, recorded 5,351 residents in 1,435 families of an average size of 2.9 persons.

Religion
According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Smithers included:
 * Irreligion (2,780 persons or 52.9%)
 * Christianity (2,290 persons or 43.5%)
 * Sikhism (95 persons or 1.8%)
 * Judaism (35 persons or 0.7%)
 * Buddhism (10 persons or 0.2%)
 * Hinduism (10 persons or 0.2%)
 * Other (40 persons or 0.8%)

Hockey players
Despite its small population, Smithers has produced several notable professional ice hockey players:
 * Brothers Joe Watson and Jimmy Watson: won the Stanley Cup as defencemen with the Philadelphia Flyers in the 1973–74 and 1974-75 seasons. Jimmy Watson was a five-time NHL All-Star game selection and played for Team Canada at the Canada Cup in 1976. Joe Watson was a two-time NHL All-Star. Both are members of the Flyers Hall of Fame.  In their active years, the Watson brothers held an annual hockey school that included the "mid-summer" hockey game.
 * Brothers Ron Flockhart (NHL career 1980-1991) and Rob Flockhart, played for the Smithers Nats in the Pacific Northwest Hockey League (P.N.W.H.L), that played for the Fowler Cup in the 1970s.
 * Alan Kerr: played for the New York Islanders, Detroit Red Wings and Winnipeg Jets in the 1980s and 1990s
 * Dan Hamhuis: retired NHL defenceman who played for the Nashville Predators, Vancouver Canucks, and Dallas Stars. He won an Olympic gold medal with the 2014 Canadian Olympic team.
 * Michael Wall: goalie for the Colorado Avalanche (Traded 2007)
 * Ron Homenuke: forward for the Vancouver Canucks. Career ended abruptly after a hiking accident. He later became a missionary.
 * Adam Kingsmill: ice sledge hockey player.

Others

 * Dean Brody, country musician
 * Peter Capak, Astrophysicist
 * Robert Chaplin, artist and publisher
 * Lisa Conway, musician and sound artist
 * Alex Cuba, musician
 * Nathan Cullen, federal politician
 * Tobin Frank, musician with the Canadian band Spirit of the West
 * Andrew George, Jr., chef and publisher
 * Ruth Hamblin, professional basketball player in Australia (formerly WNBA)
 * Gina Holden, actress
 * Daniel Imhof, professional soccer player at VfL Bochum (Germany)
 * Susan Juby, novelist, author
 * Alicia Kaye, Canadian triathlete
 * Dan Mangan, musician
 * Robin Mathews, poet, political activist, playwright, teacher, essayist
 * Graham Roumieu, author and illustrator
 * Antje von Seydlitz-Kurzbach, Canadian Olympic rower

Recreation
Smithers is known for its world class skiing and fishing (in particular for steelhead). Other popular activities include soccer, volleyball, hockey, baseball, downhill mountain biking, cross-country skiing, hiking, quadding and snowmobiling. Smithers offers a variety of extreme sports, for example quadding in the back country, snowmobiling in the surrounding mountains, paragliding, or mountain biking down Hudson Bay Mountain. Smithers is known for its variety of recreation.

Geography
West of Smithers are Witset, New Hazelton, Kitwanga, Terrace, Kitimat, Port Edward and Prince Rupert, while to the east are Telkwa, Houston, Topley, Burns Lake, Fraser Lake, Fort Fraser, Vanderhoof and Prince George.

Climate
Smithers technically has a subarctic climate, (Dfc,) although it is on the borderline of a humid continental climate. Winters are cold and cloudy but highly variable with a January average of -7.2 C. Snow is the main type of precipitation during winter. Warm spells can push temperatures above freezing during the winter months, while cold weather systems can reduce the temperature to less than -20 C. The average annual snowfall is 182.7 cm, with maximum accumulations of snow tending to happen in February when the average snow depth is 29 cm. Summers are warm, with average highs of about 22 C and an extreme high of 36.0 C. Nighttime temperatures are often cool, with normal nighttime lows under 10 C. Depending on the year, there may be very little or a lot of precipitation. Spring and fall are short transition seasons. Smithers receives an average of 508.5 mm of precipitation a year, with February through April being the driest months. Smithers receives 1,621 hours of bright sunshine a year, ranging from a minimum of 12% of possible sunshine in December to a maximum of 47% of possible sunshine in August.

Movies and television

 * Disney's Eight Below, starring Paul Walker and Jason Biggs, was partially filmed there.
 * The film The Grey, starring Liam Neeson and Dermot Mulroney, was partially filmed there. It was mostly shot in Vancouver.
 * The film The Mother, starring Jennifer Lopez, was partially filmed there.
 * The Comedy Network show, Alice, I Think, is set in Smithers; however, it is not filmed there, aside from location shots.
 * Smithers was referenced in the show How I Met Your Mother (Season 7, Episode 6 - Mystery Vs. History).

Television
Smithers is served by four television stations, three of which rebroadcast using transmitters owned by the Houston-Smithers Rebroadcasting Society:

Radio
Smithers is served by six radio stations:

title: Smithers, British Columbia


text:
Larry Burrows

Henry Frank Leslie Burrows (29 May 1926 – 10 February 1971), known as Larry Burrows, was an English photojournalist. He spent 9 years covering the Vietnam War.

Early career
Burrows began his career in the art department of the Daily Express newspaper in 1942 in London. He learned photography and moved to work in the darkrooms of the Keystone photography agency and Life Magazine. It was here that Burrows started to be called Larry to avoid confusion with another Henry working in the same office. It was not unknown for him to redo a whole day of work in order to secure the best result.

Some accounts blame Burrows for melting photographer Robert Capa's D-Day negatives in the drying cabinet, but in fact it was another technician, according to John G. Morris.

Photojournalism
Burrows had an early success with his coverage of the demolition of the Heligoland U-Boat Pens in 1947. Working for the Associated Press, Burrows was a passenger in a De Havilland Dragon Rapide. Officially they were supposed to go no closer than 9 mi to the island. However, Burrows persuaded the pilot to fly over at only 500 ft, knocking out the window perspex when it obscured his shot. For his efforts he was able to take eleven images and earned himself two pages in Life magazine.

Burrows would go on to cover stories in Suez, Lebanon, Cyprus and Central Africa.

Vietnam
Burrows went on to become a photographer and covered the war in Vietnam from 1962 until his death in 1971. Reaching Out became one of his most famous images. It features US Marine Gunnery Sgt. Jeremiah Purdie, who while wounded, is seen reaching out to wounded Lance Corporal Roger Dale Treadway.

Life.com editor Ben Cosgrove said of the photograph:

"Larry Burrows made a photograph that, for generations, has served as the most indelible, searing illustration of the horrors inherent in that long, divisive war — and, by implication, in all wars."

Reaching Out was taken on 5 October 1966 after the Marines were ambushed on Mutter's Ridge. However, the image was not featured in Life until February 1971, following Burrows' death.

One of Burrows' most famous images, published first in Life magazine on 16 April 1965, entitled One Ride with Yankee Papa 13 about a mission on 31 March 1965.

Flying in a helicopter with the US Marines' Medium Helicopter Squadron 163, Burrows captured the death of Yankee Papa 3 co-pilot Lieutenant James Magel. At the landing zone Magel was assisted to Yankee Papa 13, where airborne door gunner Lance C. Farley gave first aid. It was to no avail and Burrows captured Farley's distress at the loss of his comrade.

Of the photograph Burrows said:

"It's not easy to photograph a man dying in the arms of a fellow countryman... Was I simply capitalizing on the other men's grief? I concluded that what I was doing would penetrate the hearts of those at home who are simply too indifferent."

He was described in The Times as an "equipment man" and quoted as saying, "When I take the lot with me there are twenty-six cases".

In early 1971, Burrows was elected a fellow of the Royal Photographic Society.

Death
Burrows died with fellow photojournalists Henri Huet (Associated Press), Kent Potter (United Press International) and Keisaburo Shimamoto (freelancer with Newsweek), when their helicopter was shot down over the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos as the group covered Operation Lam Son 719.

Following his death the Managing Editor of Life, Ralph Graves, said of Burrows:

"I do not think it is demeaning to any other photographer in the world for me to say that Larry Burrows was the single bravest and most dedicated war photographer I know of."

Of his work, Burrows himself said, "I cannot afford the luxury of thinking about what could happen to me".

In 1985, the Laurence Miller Gallery in New York published a portfolio of Burrows' prints, with the assistance of his son Russell Burrows. In 2002, Burrows' posthumous book Vietnam was awarded the Prix Nadar award.

In 2008 the remains of Burrows and fellow photographers Huet, Potter and Shimamoto were honoured and interred at the Newseum in Washington, D.C.

Journalist David Halberstam paid tribute to Burrows in the 1997 book Requiem: By the Photographers Who Died in Vietnam and Indochina:

"I must mention Larry Burrows in particular. To us younger men who had not yet earned reputations, he was a sainted figure. He was a truly beautiful man, modest, graceful, a star who never behaved like one. He was generous to all, a man who gave lessons to his colleagues not just on how to take photographs but, more important, on how to behave like a human being, how to be both colleague and mentor. Our experience of the star system in photography was, until we met him, not necessarily a happy one; all too often talent and ego seemed to come together in equal amounts. We were touched by Larry: How could someone so talented be so graceful?"

In December 2019, the Newseum was closed due to financial difficulties and the remains of Burrows, Huet, Potter and Shimamoto were disinterred. Their remains are currently stored at the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency lab at Offutt Air Force Base awaiting a permanent burial place.

In 2021, Burrows was posthumously inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum.

title: Larry Burrows


text:
Church of St James, Liverpool

St James' Church is an Anglican church in St James Place, Toxteth, Liverpool, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. Having been declared redundant in 1974, it returned to active use in 2010 as St James in the City.

History
The church was built in 1774–75 by Cuthbert Bisbrown, who probably also designed it. Originally a chapel of ease for the parish of Walton, the church acquired its own parish in 1844. Its congregation, which reflected the area's diverse population of affluent merchants and industrial labourers, included black settlers from West Africa, the Caribbean and America. A new timber roof was added in 1846 by William Culshaw. The chancel, designed by H. Havelock Sutton, was built in 1900. On 1 October 1974 the church was declared redundant, and on 9 June 1976 was vested in the Churches Conservation Trust.

In 2009, the church was returned to the Liverpool Diocese, and was re-opened in 2010 as the Church of St James in the City. As the building was in a semi-derelict condition, a marquee was erected inside the church to allow the immediate resumption of worship while repair work was ongoing. An urgent roof replacement was carried out between 2011–2012, along with other structural repairs, but the parochial council was unable to secure funding for further work. The marquee was incrementally expanded to meet the needs of the growing congregation, but the building remained unsuitable for full use, due to minor safety issues and a lack of running water. In 2018, however, a kitchen, toilets and an office were installed, and by 2021 the renovation project was complete, with the addition of several new rooms and a mezzanine floor.

Exterior
St James is constructed in red brick with stone dressings. Its plan consists of a five-bay nave, a chancel, and a west tower. Along the sides of the nave are two tiers of round-headed windows. The tower is in four stages with an embattled parapet. Its third stage contains clock faces, and in the top stage are paired louvred bell openings.

Graveyard
There used to be graves and vaults in the churchyard. John Lightbody noted his family vault in 1863 as shown in the photograph.

Interior
The architectural style of the interior is "conventionally Georgian". There are galleries on three sides, carried on slim quatrefoil cast iron columns. The columns are the earliest existing examples in Liverpool of cast iron columns, and are one of the earliest examples of them in England. The timber roof is open, with Norman-style arches. The east window is stained glass designed by Henry Holiday, dated 1881. There are monuments dating from the late-18th and the early-19th centuries. Many of the monuments relate to the slave trade.  File:Roof trusses, St James, Liverpool.jpg|Restored roof, 2017 File:Clarke memorial, St James, Liverpool.jpg|Memorial plaque to Henry Percy Clarke of the King's Liverpool Regiment, killed in World War I File:View to east window, St James, Liverpool.jpg|Towards the east window File:Walls, gates & railings of St James church 1.jpg|Grade II listed walls, gates and railings

title: Church of St James, Liverpool


text:
GDT

GDT may refer to:

Trails

 * Great Dividing Trail, in Victoria, Australia
 * Great Divide Trail, in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Science and technology

 * Gas discharge tube
 * Gas Dynamic Trap, a Russian magnetic mirror used for fusion power research
 * Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, GD&T
 * Global Descriptor Table, an x86 data structure
 * Global distance test, to compare proteins
 * Ground Data Terminal
 * GDT or Gerätedatentransfer, a medical data format; see xDT

Other uses

 * Ganvsig daighix tongiong pingimv, a romanization system for Taiwanese Minnan
 * Goal-directed therapy, in critical care medicine
 * Grand dictionnaire terminologique, an online terminological database
 * JAGS McCartney International Airport, Turks and Caicos Islands
 * Kungardutyi language
 * MaK GDT, a diesel railbus
 * Guillermo del Toro, director

title: GDT


text:
Talk:Australian National Flag Association

Untitled
On 25 Jan 2005, this article was nominated for deletion. See Votes for deletion/Australian National Flag Association for a record of the discussion. Rossami (talk) 02:19, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

What's the third paragraph doing there?
It doesn't mention the ANFA. It's unsourced. HiLo48 (talk) 01:36, 9 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Given ANFA's role, maybe a new section "Flag Day" and we can put it here. Premierstate (talk) 15:20, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 1 one external link on Australian National Flag Association. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091014132158/http://australianflag.org.au/flagday.php to http://www.australianflag.org.au/flagday.php

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text:
Kälvesta

Kälvesta is a suburban district in the Hässelby-Vällingby borough in western Stockholm. Most of Kälvesta was built during the late 1960s and the 1970s. Kälvesta has two middle schools (Sörgårdsskolan and Björnbodaskolan). The two buses 119 and 116 pass through Kälvesta on their way to either Spånga Station or Vällingby Centrum.

In 1977 Linjeflyg Flight 618 crashed in the area killing all 22 aboard, including table tennis player Hans Alsér.

title: Kälvesta


text:
1st Hussars

The 1st Hussars is an armoured Primary Reserve regiment of the Canadian Armed Forces, based in London and Sarnia, Ontario.

Regimental seniority
Despite "1st" in the title, the regiment is not the most senior armoured unit. With the militia reorganization of 1872, the senior or only cavalry regiment within a Militia District adopted the numerical designation of that district. Southwestern Ontario comprised Military District No. 1, hence the original designation as the 1st Regiment of Cavalry. The unit was renamed 1st Hussars in 1892 and because a British hussar unit numbered "1" never existed, it was unnecessary to add a 'Canada' or 'Canadian' modifier. Following the Second World War, because of wartime and earlier conversion to armour of some more senior infantry regiments, the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps decided that seniority would be determined by the date of becoming a regiment, regardless of the corps in which the unit was raised. Regular Force regiments take precedence, and seniority among themselves by the date they became part of the Regular Force. 1st Hussars is placed seventh in the order of seniority of militia armoured regiments.

Foundation and organisation
The 1st Hussars traces its roots to the formation of the St. Thomas Troop of Volunteer Militia Cavalry in March 1856 and the First Troop of Volunteer Militia Cavalry of London in July of the same year. In 1863, these units were redesignated the St. Thomas Troop of Cavalry and the London Troop of Cavalry, respectively. Both troops were put on active duty in southwestern Ontario in response to the Fenian raid of 1866, but neither had contact with the invading forces.

The two troops were consolidated under one headquarters, forming the St. Thomas and London Squadron of Canada in January 1867. Both troops were again called into active service during the 1870 Fenian invasion, but again neither saw action.

In May 1872, the squadron was expanded with four additional cavalry troops, for a total of six, to become the 1st Regiment of Cavalry, headquartered in St. Thomas. Subunits included  :
 * No. 1 Troop - St. Thomas.
 * No. 2 Troop - London.
 * No. 3 Troop - Mooretown, Lambton County.
 * No. 4 Troop - Kingsville, Essex County.
 * No. 5 Troop - Bayfield, Huron County.
 * No. 6 Troop - Unallocated.

No. 5 and No. 6 Troops disbanded in 1874. In 1880, regimental headquarters moved to London, where it has remained to this day. The 1st Regiment of Cavalry was redesignated the 1st Regiment of Cavalry Hussars in 1888, and 1st Hussars in 1892. In 1896 and 1897, the remaining four troops' numbered designations were replaced with letters and the troops were renamed as squadrons.

In February 1905, the regiment moved into the newly built London Armouries at the corner of Dundas and Waterloo Streets, which it used until 1977. By 1913, 'A' Squadron had moved to London from St. Thomas, 'C' Squadron had moved from Mooretown to Courtright, where it was disbanded, and 'D' Squadron had moved from Kingsville to Amherstburg, where it was renamed 'C' Squadron after the disbandment of the Courtright squadron.

1st Hussars in South Africa
October 1899 saw the outbreak of the Second Boer War between the British Empire and the Boer republics of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal Republic.

Although the 1st Hussars did not participate as a unit, 27 of the regiment's members went to South Africa with other units of the Canadian Army.

Six Hussars joined the special service battalion of The Royal Canadian Regiment of Infantry and participated in the engagements at Sunnyside, Paardeberg and the capture of Pretoria.

Another 15 Hussars joined 'A' Squadron, 1st Battalion of the Canadian Mounted Rifles (later renamed the Royal Canadian Dragoons). The 1st Battalion CMR arrived in South Africa in March 1900 and fought in the region, participating in the March to Pretoria and the Battle of Leliefontein on the Komati River in November 1900 before returning to Canada.

In 1901, six members of the 1st Hussars joined the newly established South African Constabulary.

Mobilization and deployment
As with the Boer War, the 1st Hussars did not participate as a unit.

At the outbreak of the war, some 66 members of the regiment joined the 1st Western Ontario Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force which was raised in late 1914. The Western Ontario Battalion was present at the Second Battle of Ypres.

In November 1914, the 7th Canadian Mounted Rifles was raised. 'A' Squadron was recruited in London, 'B' Squadron drew men from Windsor, Sarnia and Amherstburg and 'C' Squadron was raised in Toronto. 'A' Squadron was attached to the 2nd Canadian Division in March 1915 as the divisional cavalry squadron. In June 1915, 7 CMR sailed for England. In January 1916, 'A' Squadron was renamed Special Service Squadron, First (Canadian) Hussars to reflect the unit's roots in 1st Hussars. By mid-May 1916, the squadron became part of the Canadian Corps Cavalry Regiment, later renamed the Canadian Light Horse, forming 'B' Squadron of the regiment.

Vimy Ridge
On 9 April 1917, the Battle of Vimy Ridge commenced. During the battle, the CLH was committed on the southern flank of the line where elements of the regiment were tasked with reconnaissance towards the village of Willerval to determine if a breakthrough would be possible, or if the village could be held. Two mounted patrols set out at around 4:30 p.m., one approaching from the north and the other from the south. The northern patrol entered the village and was able to take about 15 prisoners before withdrawing under fire from a German machine-gun. The southern patrol ran into a German position and was also forced to withdraw under fire. The two patrols lost six men killed, six wounded and another three missing.

Amiens to Canal Du Nord
From 8 August 1918 to 28 August, The 1st Hussars of the Canadian Light Horse were tasked mostly as despatch riders, traffic controllers and in other support roles in the rear of the Canadian Corps at Amiens. On 9 August, five members of 'B' Squadron attempted to capture a German ammunition convoy they had spotted while running messages. Although they were unsuccessful in capturing the wagons, they managed to take some 20 prisoners.

The CLH moved into the Canal Du Nord area on the night of 26 September to 27 September. Some elements of the regiment performed costly reconnaissance patrols in the area while the unit waited in reserve just behind the lines for a breakthrough that the cavalry could exploit.

Escaudoeuvres and Erclin River
On 9 October 1918, the Canadian Corps attacked the Germans near the French village of Escaudoeuvres on the L'Escaut Canal (north-east of Cambrai). By this point, the battlefield was becoming more fluid, and cavalry played a more important role during operations. On the 9th, the CLH was ordered to occupy two pieces of high ground in front of 5 Canadian Infantry Brigade's position. Just after noon, 'B' Squadron CLH was ordered forward with 'A' and 'C' Squadrons in support. The troops advanced across the canal and approached a rail line that ran along the ridge on the far bank. As the troops closed on the rail line, machine-guns opened up on the right hitting several men and horses. The situation on the left of the advance developed in a similar fashion with MGs opening up as the troopers crested the rail embankment. One of the German MGs was put out of action allowing a position to be established and Hotchkiss Machine guns to be set up on the rail embankment. One troop to outflank the remaining German MGs, but they were unsuccessful. The position was held and passed on to the 25th Battalion, CEF and the CLH troops retired. One non-commissioned officer (William Henry Wells) was killed and 11 men were wounded in the action which gained 2500 meters of ground and inflicted at least 20 casualties on the Germans and captured two German MGs.

The next day the First Hussars participated in an action that saw the last of the few cavalry charges in Canadian history. The Canadian Corps continued to advance on the far bank of the canal. The village of Naves was captured by the 19th Battalion, CEF, which continued to capture a ridgeline to the east. The objective for 'A' and 'C' Squadrons of the CLH was to capture a portion of sunken road on the ridgeline and continue on to take a hill overlooking the village of Iwuy. 'B' Squadron was held in reserve. 'A' and 'C' Squadrons forded the Erclin River and charged up the hill towards the sunken road. The charge resulted in 23 dead troopers and 66 dead horses, but despite the losses, the hill was taken and held.

As the Hundred Day's offensive continued, the 1st Hussars and rest of the CLH found itself often leading the advance, and letting the infantry pass through when resistance was met.

Members of the 1st Hussars also participated in the following actions, among others:
 * Second Battle of Ypres
 * Battle of Flers-Courcelette
 * Battle of Hill 70
 * Battle of Passchendaele

Mobilization and deployment
"Defence Scheme Number 3" was implemented on 1 September 1939 and saw the raising of the 1st Canadian Division, Canadian Active Service Force. The 1st Hussars provided Divisional Cavalry for CASF (1st Division). In December 1939, the majority of 1st Division sailed for England, but the 1st Hussars stayed behind in London because there were not enough tanks to equip the regiment.

In January 1940, 1st Hussars contributed the Headquarters Squadron and 'C' Squadron to the First Canadian Cavalry Regiment (Mechanised) (1 CCR (M)). ('A' Squadron was mainly supplied by the Royal Canadian Dragoons and 'B' Squadron was filled by members of Lord Strathcona's Horse.). 1 CCR (M) was still part of the 1st Canadian Division. In May 1940, 1 CCR (M) left London for Camp Borden where they trained on the Carden-Loyd Machine Carrier, the Vickers Mk. VIB Light Tank and the American M1917 light tank. Although these tanks were obsolete, they served the purpose of training the regiment's members in tactics and vehicle maintenance.

In January 1941, the Squadrons of 1 CCR (M) returned to their respective units as they became mobilised as regiments.

The Canadian Armoured Corps (CAC) was raised in August 1940 and the 1st Hussars found themselves organised within it. In spring of 1941, 1st Hussars, now the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment (1st Hussars) (6 CAR), became part of the 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade, which departed to England in October 1941. The regiment took up residence in Aldershot where they continued their training. In early 1942, 6 CAR received some M3 Lee tanks and Canadian Ram Mk. Is and IIs. The Hussars remained a part of 1 CAB until January 1943, when they were reorganised into the 3rd Canadian Army Tank Brigade along with The Fort Garry Horse and the Sherbrooke Fusilier Regiment. In July 1943, 3 CATB was re-designated the 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade (2CAB), a designation which remained until the end of the war.

6 CAR continued training in the village of Elstead in southern England before moving to Combined Operations Training Centre in Inverary, Scotland where they prepared for an Amphibious assault. In December 1943, the First Hussars were introduced to "Duplex Drive" (DD for short) tanks. Initially the regiment was trained on the Valentine DD, until it was re-equipped with the M4A4 Sherman DD and Sherman Vc "Firefly" in April 1944.

D-Day and Normandy
The DD tanks of the 1st Hussars were amongst the allied forces to come ashore in Normandy. The Hussars were to support the infantry landing on the western half of Juno Beach.

At 07:15, 19 tanks of 'B' Squadron launched their Sherman V DDs from their landing-craft into the English Channel some 4000 meters from shore of Nan Green Beach. Of 'B' Squadron's 19 tanks, 15 made it to shore ahead of the Regina Rifles, whom they were tasked to support.

'A' Squadron launched some of their DDs some ten minutes later than 'B' Squadron, from approximately 1500 meters out and headed towards Mike Beach. Only two of the four LTCs carrying 'A' Squadron were able to launch all their tanks off shore. Of 'A' Squadron's 19 tanks, 10 were launched into the channel with seven of those making it to shore. Five tanks were landed directly onto the beach, and four were stranded on a landing craft which struck a mine. The tanks of 'A' Squadron were to support the Winnipeg Rifles, who were already fighting on the beach when they came ashore.

At the beach, many of tanks of the 1st Hussars stayed partially submerged just off shore in a hull down position. After dropping their screens, they began engaging the German antitank guns, machine-gun nests and other strong points, allowing the infantry to break the beach defences and make its way inland. 'A' Squadron made its way inland to the village of Graye-sur-Mer where the Winnipeg Rifles were attempting to capture bridges over the Suelles River. 'B' Squadron helped clear Courseulles-sur-Mer before breaking out into the countryside.

At 08:20, 'C' Squadron's Sherman Vc Fireflies and Sherman IIIs were landed directly onto Mike Red beach, along with the regimental Headquarters Squadron. By this time, resistance at the beach had been cleared.

After clearing Courseulles-sur-Mer, The regiment made its way inland. South of Reviers, 'B' Squadron encountered a German 88 which knocked out six tanks before being put out of action. Seven Hussar crewmen were killed in the engagement. Due to these losses,'B' squadron was pulled back to the beach after the encounter. As mentioned above, 'A' Squadron moved on to Graye-sur-Mer where the Winnipeg Rifles were fighting to secure the village. 'A' Squadron joined the fight in support of the Winnipegs, along with elements of 'C' squadron who were catching up. After the village was captured, 'C' Squadron pressed on, with 2nd Troop reaching the regiment's objective of the Caen-Bayeux Highway, becoming the only Allied unit to reach its D-Day objective. One survivor of D-Day said that "A German soldier actually saluted us on our way to the objective. I guess he was surprised to see us this far inland" However, 2nd troop had to pull back, as they were too far ahead of the rest of the force and too few to hold the objective. At dusk, the regiment pulled back to the channel to rest. the 1st Hussars suffered 21 killed, 17 wounded during the actions of D-Day. 'A' Squadron was left with 9 tanks at the end of the day and 'B' Squadron was reduced to 4 tanks.

After D-Day, the 1st Hussars continued to support infantry as it advanced and faced German counter-attacks. On 9 June, the Hussars supported the Canadian Scottish as they re-took Putot-en-Bessin and engaged Panthers of the 1st Battalion, SS-Panzer Regiment 12 (of the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend), destroying 6.

Battle of Le Mesnil-Patry
On the afternoon of Sunday, 11 June, 'B' Squadron of the 1st Hussars was decimated during an abortive attack with The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada on the hamlet of Le Mesnil Patry, North-West of Caen. Panzergrenadiers, pioneers and tanks of the 12th SS Panzer Division were able to ambush the tanks of 'B' Squadron in part due to intelligence gleaned from the Hussar's own radio traffic after capturing wireless codes from a destroyed Canadian tank on 9 June. Using Panzerfausts, Panzerschrecks and anti-tank guns, the German forces were able destroy 51 Shermans, and inflict 61 killed or missing, 2 wounded and 11 captured on the 1st Hussars. The Queen's Own Rifles suffered 55 killed, 33 wounded and 11 taken prisoner during the attack. The attack is remembered as "The Black Day", "Black Sunday" and the "Black Sabbath" within the Regiment. It accounted for roughly one third of the 1st Hussars' dead over the entire war.

Capture of Caen
After the disaster at Le Mesnil Patry, the 1st Hussars were taken off the front lines to refit and regroup. After a few weeks of rest and training the Hussars were back in action on 8 July 1944 as part of Operation Charnwood, with the objectives of capturing the village of Cussy and the Ardenne Abbey. 'A' Squadron supported the Canadian Scottish in its attack on Cussy, 'C' squadron was assigned to support the Regina Rifles in their attack on the Abby while 'B' Squadron and The Royal Winnipeg Rifles were held in reserve. When the attack started at 18:30, the Hussars again found themselves opposing the 12th SS, including Panther tanks, anti-tank guns and infantry. 'A' Squadron and the Reginas had to first fight to secure their start line before proceeding to the Abbey. At around 23:45, the Abbey, which had been the headquarters of Kurt 'Panzer' Meyer and the site of the execution of 20 Canadian POWs who were captured a month before, was captured. By 9 July, portions of Caen north and east of the Orne River had been captured.

The 1st Hussars were again in action on 18 July during Goodwood which aimed to capture the portions of Caen South and East of the Orne. The Canadian portion of Goodwood was code-named Operation Atlantic, which aimed to secure a bridgehead over the Orne east of Caen. The Hussar's objectives during Atlantic included the capture of the steelworks at Colombelles on the east bank of the river, the eastern suburbs of Giberville and Faubourg de Vaucelles. By end of 19 July, all the Hussars' objectives were captured and the bridgehead was secure.

As Atlantic wound down, planning for an attack against Verrières Ridge began, known as Operation Spring. As the Canadian's pushed south towards the Start Line on 20 July, 'A' Squadron of the 1st Hussars was tasked with supporting the attack on Saint-André-sur-Orne and the Beauvoir and Troteval farms by Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal. Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal initially captured the village and the farms, but were pushed back by the counter-attacks of the 1SS Panzerdivision and 272nd Infantry Division. The Beauvoir and Troteval farms would be retaken later in the evening with the assistance of the Hussar's 'A' Sqn. Sporadic fighting continued for a few days as the lines stabilized below Verrières Ridge. During this time, the Germans reinforced their positions on the ridge under the cover of storms that kept allied attack aircraft grounded.

Operation Spring began on 25 July. 'C' Sqn of the 1st Hussars were to support the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry in their attack against the village of Verrières and then continue to Rocquancourt with the Royal Regiment of Canada. 'B' Sqn was to support the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders, the Calgary Highlanders and the Black Watch as they attacked the villages of Saint-André-sur-Orne, Saint-Martin-de-Fontenay, May-sur-Orne and Fontenay-le-Marmion. Most of the attacks against the ridge met heavy resistance and were fought to a standstill by the Germans, with only the Village of Verrières being captured and held. The attack cost 'C' Squadron 14 of its 19 tanks and 27 casualties. These losses paled in comparison to those of the Black Watch who lost 310 of the 325 men who left the start line.

1st Hussars

 * Originated on 31 May 1872, in London, Ontario, as the 1st Regiment of Cavalry
 * Redesignated on 1 January 1893, as the 1st Hussars
 * Redesignated on 11 February 1941, as the 2nd (Reserve) Regiment, 1st Hussars
 * Redesignated on 1 April 1941, as the 6th (Reserve) Armoured Regiment, (1st Hussars)
 * Redesignated on 4 February 1949, as the 1st Hussars (6th Armoured Regiment)
 * Redesignated on 19 May 1958, as the 1st Hussars
 * Redesignated on 19 September 1985, as the 1st Hussars (RCAC)
 * Redesignated on 14 August 1997, as the 1st Hussars

Lineage chart
Lineage chart of the 1st Hussars

Alliances

 * 🇬🇧 - The King's Royal Hussars

Guidon
The regiment's original guidon was presented in 1967 by Queen Elizabeth II during a ceremony on Parliament Hill. At the centre of the guidon is the regimental badge depicting the White Horse of Hanover, galloping, with forelegs raised, above a Cornet surrounded by the regiments name "FIRST HUSSARS". The badge is surrounded by the National Wreath of maple leaves, with the regiment's motto, "HODIE NON CRAS" below. The first canton of the guidon contains the regiment's abbreviated name "1H". The second and third cantons again contain the White Horse of Hanover, and the fourth canton contains the cypher of Queen Elizabeth II "EIIR". The guidon is also emblazoned with 17 of the 34 battle honours awarded to the regiment. The first guidon was retired in 1993, with a new guidon being presented by Lieutenant Governor Henry Jackman at Wolseley Barracks.

Battle honours
The battle honours awarded to the 1st Hussars are as follows, with those bolded emblazoned on the regiment's guidon. • South Africa 1900

• Somme 1916

• Ancre Heights

• Flers-Courcelette

• Arras 1917

• Vimy 1917

• Amiens

• Scarpe 1918

• Drocourt-Queant

• Hindenburg Line

• Canal Du Nord

• Cambrai 1918

• Pursuit to Mons

• Normandy Landing

• Putot-en-Bessin

• Le Mesnil-Patry

• Caen

• The Orne

• Bourguebus Ridge

• Faubourg de Vaucelles

• Verrières Ridge–Tilly-la-Campagne

• Falaise

• Falaise Road

• Quesnay Wood

• The Laison

• Chambois

• Calais 1944

• The Lower Maas

• The Rhineland

• The Hochwald

• Apeldoorn

• North-West Europe 1944-1945

• Afghanistan

Notable members
First World War flying ace, recipient of the Victoria Cross and Distinguished Flying Cross, William Avery (Billy) Bishop, was a lieutenant in the regiment before transferring to the Royal Flying Corps.

On D-Day, 2 Troop 'C' Sqn commanded by Lieutenant W. F. (Bill) McCormick failed to contact the infantry but kept going, returning an hour and a half later after a 10-mile ramble inland through Bretteville and almost into Carpiquet. By crossing the Caen-Bayeux railway line the troop became somewhat fortuitously "the only unit of the allied invasion forces known to reach its final objective on D-Day."

Appearances in media and popular culture
The 2010 docudrama Storming Juno follows a tank crew of the 1st Hussars led by Sergeant Leo Gariepy (played by Philippe Martin) during the initial landings and immediate aftermath.

title: 1st Hussars


text:
Mississippi Plan

The Mississippi Plan of 1874-1875 was developed by white Southern Democrats as part of the white insurgency during the Reconstruction Era in the Southern United States. It was devised by the Democratic Party in that state to overthrow the Republican Party in Mississippi by means of organized threats of violence and voter suppression against African American citizens and white Republican supporters. Democrats sought to regain political control of the state legislature and governor's office 'peaceably if we can, forcibly if we must.' Their justifications were articulated on a basis of discontent with governor Adelbert Ames' Republican administration, including spurious charges of corruption and high taxes. However, the violence that followed was centred on the desire to return white supremacy to the state. The success of the campaign led to similar plans being adopted by white Democrats in South Carolina and other majority-black states across the South.

To end election violence and ensure that freedmen were excluded from politics, the Democrat-dominated state legislature passed a new constitution in 1890, which effectively disenfranchised and disarmed most blacks by erecting barriers to voter registration and firearms ownership. Disenfranchisement was enforced through terrorist violence and fraud, and most black people stopped trying to register or vote. They did not regain the power to vote until the late 1960s when the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed to authorize federal oversight of state practices and protect citizens' right to vote.

History
During Reconstruction, former slaves were granted citizenship and African-American men were granted the franchise by the 14th and 15th Amendments. The consequences of this were far-reaching and almost immediate, as freedmen eagerly registered and flooded the polls. Freedmen overwhelming registered as Republicans, allying with the party that had secured their emancipation. But they voted for white Republican candidates as well as for blacks.

For example, in the black-majority state of Mississippi, of the 100 delegates to the Mississippi constitutional convention that drafted the Reconstruction constitution, only 16 were black.

In Mississippi's 1874 election, the Republican Party carried a 30,000 majority in what had been a Democratic Party stronghold when only whites voted. Republicans took the governor's office and some legislative seats, but blacks never held a majority of seats in any of the state legislatures, although that was their proportion of the population. Freedmen and other blacks (some free blacks had migrated from the North to work in the state), were elected to many local offices and held 10 of 36 seats in the state legislature that year. (They comprised a large majority of the population and voted for white Republicans as well as blacks.)

In 1874 whites in the city of Vicksburg were determined to suppress black voting in that year's election. White armed patrols prevented blacks from voting; Democrats succeeded in defeating all Republican city officials in the August election. By December the emboldened party forced the black county sheriff, Peter Crosby, to flee to the state capital. Blacks who rallied to the city to aid the sheriff also had to flee in the face of overwhelming white forces, as armed whites flooded the city. Over the next few days, armed white gangs may have murdered up to 300 blacks in the city and its vicinity, in what became known as the Vicksburg riots.

U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant sent a company of troops to Vicksburg in January 1875 to quell the violence and allow the sheriff's safe return. The sheriff Crosby was shot by his white deputy, A. Gilmer on June 7, 1875, and survived with severed injury.

In 1875, under their Mississippi Plan, the Democrats conducted a political dual-pronged battle to reverse Republican strength in the state. White paramilitary organizations such as the Red Shirts arose to serve as "the military arm of the Democratic Party." Unlike the Ku Klux Klan at the time (which was mostly defunct by then), the Red Shirts operated and paraded openly, with members known in local areas. They sometimes invited newspaper coverage of their parades and activities, and their goals were political – to throw out the Republicans. They were well-armed, with private financing for the purchase of new weapons as they took on more power. The first step was to persuade the 10 to 15 percent of Scalawags (white Republicans) to vote with the Democratic party. Outright attacks and economic and political pressure convinced many carpetbaggers to switch parties or flee the state.

The second step of the Mississippi Plan was intimidation of freedmen and their families. Planters, landlords and merchants used economic coercion against black sharecroppers and farmers, with limited success. The Red Shirts more often used violence, including whippings and murders, and intimidation at the polls. They were joined in the violence by white paramilitary groups known as "rifle clubs," who frequently provoked riots at Republican rallies, shooting down dozens of blacks in the ensuing conflicts.

Although the governor requested Federal troops to curb the violence, President Ulysses S. Grant hesitated to act. He feared being accused of "bayonet rule" — which he believed would undoubtedly be exploited by Democrats to carry Ohio in that year's state elections. The violence went unchecked and the plan worked as intended: during Mississippi's 1875 statewide election, five counties with large black majorities polled only 12, 7, 4, 2, and 0 Republican votes, respectively. The Republican dominance by 30,000 votes in the 1874 national and city elections was reversed in 1875, with polls showing a Democratic majority of 30,000 in statewide elections.

The success of the white Democrats in Mississippi influenced the growth of Red Shirt chapters in North and South Carolina as well, which also had thousands of white men involved in rifle clubs. The Red Shirts were particularly prominent in suppressing black votes in majority-black counties in South Carolina. Historians estimated that they committed 150 murders in the weeks leading up to the 1876 election in South Carolina. Louisiana also produced white insurgents, known as the White League, who together with rifle clubs likewise suppressed black voting in the state by violence from 1874 on.

Legacy
In 1877, U.S. federal troops were withdrawn from the Southern states, due to the national Compromise of 1877. White Democrats had control of all southern state legislatures, although blacks continued to be elected to local offices through the 1880s, and to some congressional seats in the late 19th century, the result of alliances with the Populists in some states.

In 1890 the Mississippi Democratic-dominated legislature drafted and passed a new constitution, which effectively disenfranchised and disarmed most blacks by erecting barriers to firearms ownership as well as voter registration, by a method of poll taxes, subjective literacy tests, and more restrictive residency requirements. When these legal provisions, which used race-neutral language but were enforced in a discriminatory manner, survived legal challenges to the United States Supreme Court, other Southern U.S. states, such as South Carolina and Oklahoma, adopted similar provisions in new constitutions or laws. Through the turn of the century to 1908, Southern Democrats disenfranchised most black people and many poor whites (especially in Alabama) by enacting such new state constitutions. Black people were effectively excluded from participating in the formal political system of the American South until the late 1960s, after gaining federal legislation to support and defend their constitutional right to vote.

title: Mississippi Plan


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British Rail Class 92

The British Rail Class 92 is a dual-voltage electric locomotive, which can run on 25 kV AC from overhead wires or 750 V DC from a third rail. It was designed specifically to operate services through the Channel Tunnel between Great Britain and France. Eurotunnel indicates the Class 92 locomotive as the reference for other locomotives which railway undertakings might want to get certified for usage in the Channel tunnel.

Locomotives of this type are operated by GB Railfreight/Europorte 2 and DB Cargo UK. In France, a number were also owned and operated by SNCF; these were classified as CC 92000 on French railways.

The Class 92 was intended as a mixed-traffic locomotive both for hauling international freight trains and the ill-fated, never introduced Nightstar passenger sleeper trains though the Channel Tunnel. Since introduction, the fleet was exclusively allocated to freight; however, in March 2015, six locomotives owned by GB Railfreight have begun passenger operations hauling the Caledonian Sleeper on behalf of Serco between London and Scotland, marking the first use of the class in commercial passenger service.

Design
The fleet of 46 locomotives was built by a consortium of Brush Traction and ABB Traction. Parts construction was sub-contracted, with final construction and commissioning being undertaken at Brush's erecting shops at Loughborough between 1993 and 1996. The first unit was produced from 1992 and finished in April 1993.

The bodyshells, of a similar design to Brush's Class 60 diesel locomotives but with a modified front end, were fabricated by Procor Engineering of Horbury and delivered pre-painted in the then-standard Railfreight triple-grey livery. The traction system was provided by ABB and comprises GTO thyristor traction converters and ABB's then-new microprocessor-based MICAS-S2 modular electronic control system. Maximum power is 5 MW on 25 kV or 4 MW on 750 V; with a tractive effort of 360 kN.

The locomotive is fitted with both rheostatic and regenerative braking, in addition to standard Westinghouse air brake equipment. An electrical train bus is fitted to enable two locomotives to work in multiple formation, either double-heading or push-pull train with a Driving Van Trailer or DBSO.

To reduce the possibility of locomotive failure in the Channel Tunnel, most of the electrical systems are duplicated.

Operations
Prior to introduction to service, two locomotives (92001 and 92002) were extensively tested at the Czech Railway's test track at Velim near Kolín. One locomotive was temporarily moved from here to Vienna Arsenal for climatic testing.

The majority of the class are named after European composers and writers.

Prior to the privatisation of British Rail, ownership of the class was split between Railfreight Distribution, European Passenger Services (later Eurostar UK) and SNCF. After privatisation the ownership of the Railfreight Distribution fleet was passed to the English, Welsh & Scottish Railway (EWS, later DB Schenker/DB Cargo UK).

During 2000, Eurostar (UK) offered their seven members of the class (92020, 92021, 92032, 92040, and 92044–92046) for sale, as they were surplus to requirements following the cancellation of Nightstar services. However, no buyer could be found so they were decommissioned and stored at Crewe International electric depot. Five of these locomotives have now been purchased by Eurotunnel to be used by their Europorte 2 rail freight undertaking for short haul rail traffic in France. In July 2011, Europorte 2/Eurotunnel purchased the five remaining locomotives that had belonged to SNCF, bringing Eurotunnel's total up to 16 Class 92s.

In 2009, an upgrade project was undertaken to allow the class to operate on High Speed 1; chiefly by installing TVM signalling. The project received funding from the European Commission and it was anticipated services would begin in early 2010. On 25 March 2011, a Class 92 locomotive ran from Dollands Moor to Singlewell using the TVM-430 signalling system for the first time. A loaded container train ran for the first time on 27 May 2011 and further trials with loaded wagons were planned until the end of June 2011. In July 2011, a trial run of wagons carrying curtain-walled swap bodies built to a larger European loading gauge was run from Dollands Moor to east London. From 11 November 2011, a weekly service using European-size swap bodies has run between Barking, London, and Poland using High Speed 1.

In April 2015, GB Railfreight commenced a contract to haul the Caledonian Sleeper. Class 92s haul it from London Euston to Edinburgh Waverley/Glasgow Central. On 31 March 2015, the first Serco Caledonian Sleeper hauled by 92018 left London Euston for Scotland.

On 18 January 2017, the specially-branded locomotive 92015 hauled the first train of twenty flatcars loaded with 40 ft intermodal containers to Ripple Lane, near Barking; thus completing the first direct rail freight service between China and the UK. The train left Yiwu station in eastern China's Zhejiang province on 1 January and covered 7,500 mi.

Liveries
All units were originally painted in a simplified version of the sub-sector railfreight livery of two-tone grey livery, but with a dark blue roof; the same shade as used on Eurostar trains.

To reflect their Channel Tunnel role, all were fitted with three O-shaped tunnel logos, each smaller than the next. Names were mainly blue stickers, but a limited number of locomotives gained cast nameplates. Only 92031 did not receive a name during construction, however, it did gain one under EWS ownership.

The locomotives were fitted with Crewe Electric depot plaques to reflect their maintenance facility and to reflect ownership; the nine SNCF owned machines had SNCF branding, six Eurostar owned locos had EPS (European Passengers Services) branding, with the rest having standard cast BR arrows under the drivers window reflecting British Rail ownership.

A number of Railfreight Distribution locomotives had "Railfreight Distribution" written along the locomotive side panels with a small RfD logo included.

Following the privatisation of British Rail and the EWS purchase of Railfreight Distribution, the intention was to paint the RfD Class 92s into the EWS gold and dark red colours. In the end, only two locomotives received EWS livery (92001 and 92031). Locomotive no. 92001 had an additional three flags (English, Welsh and Scottish) below the EWS logo on the cabsides, the only one so treated. The rest of the locomotives had a large EWS Logo applied halfway along the side.

Six Class 92s allocated to Eurostar retained their two-tone grey livery, although there had been a plan to repaint these locomotives into Nightstar two-tone green livery. The combination of rail privatisation, technical problems and the growth of "point to point" low cost airlines undermined the Nightstar venture; the project was abandoned before a single revenue-earning service had even begun. The locomotives remained in two-tone grey until they were purchased by Europorte 2 in the 2000s. Europorte applied the designation "Europorte 2" inside a large Eurotunnel-style circle.

Following the takeover of EWS by DB Schenker, most of the fleet of Class 92s will likely move to DB Schenker Red liveries, matching that on previously repainted Class 66s. 92009 was the first locomotive to be outshopped in the new DB Schenker Red livery. The name "Elgar" had been removed and the locomotive was subsequently renamed "Marco Polo" later during August 2011.

In 2009, locomotive 92017 (formerly Shakespeare) was painted into Stobart Rail's blue and white livery and named Bart the Engine.

On 10 March 2011, locomotive 92032 appeared in the new Europorte GB Railfreight livery.

In May 2014, Serco won the franchise to operate Caledonian Sleeper services for fifteen years from 2015, with GBRf to provide traction as part of its franchise bid. In February 2015, 92033 was first to be released from Brush Traction after component refresh and subsequent repaint into a "Midnight Teal" livery. 92006/010/014/018/023/038 have also been painted into this livery, bringing the total number of locomotives now in "Midnight Teal" to seven.

Model railways
In 1995, Hornby Railways launched its first version of the BR Class 92 in OO gauge. It has since released a number of models in different livery.

In 2019, Accurascale announced their intention to release a new OO gauge model of the Class 92, with the first examples being available in December 2022.

title: British Rail Class 92


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title: User talk:68.64.231.101


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Scott Kolden

Scott Cary Kolden (born February 11, 1962) is an American sound engineer and former child actor. Beginning his professional show business career at the age of eight, Kolden is perhaps best known for his Disney film roles; as Leonard in The Mystery in Dracula's Castle and as Rupert in Charley and the Angel, as well as for his role as Scotty on the NBC Saturday morning children's series Sigmund and the Sea Monsters.

Early life
Kolden was born in Torrance, California, the son of Janet Louise (née Wilford) and Lloyd Cameron Kolden. His father was a design supervisor for Hughes Aircraft. Kolden grew up with an older sister, Karen Patricia Kolden (b. 1957), an older brother, Lloyd Cameron "Cam" Kolden, Jr. (b. 1958) and later, a younger sister, Katherine Courtney Kolden (b. 1977).

Actor
From the time he was a baby, friends commented on Kolden's photogenic looks, suggesting to his mother that she get him into show business. Years later, when recounting how he began his acting career, Kolden explained, "I got started at about 7½ [or] 8-years-old. I was just the little kid that was kind of the ham-bone.  I'd do funny voices and I was putting on a show for the relatives and friends and I guess enough people bugged mom saying 'Gee you oughta get him in show business.'"

Kolden's mother took him to a commercial talent agent. The agency signed him, sent him on three auditions, and he was promptly hired for all three commercials. Kolden continued, "I guess I just had the right look at the right time [because] every [audition] I seemed to go on, I just started getting them." After starting as essentially a child model in commercials, Kolden quickly transitioned to acting roles.

In January 1971, The Los Angeles Times reported that Paramount Television was filming a new pilot for CBS, tentatively titled The Plumbum. The pilot reportedly starred Kenneth Mars and Kolden as a bachelor plumber and his young cousin, however, no record of the pilot or subsequent series having aired has been found. According to IMDb, Kolden made his television debut in a small role as Bobby on the 1971 comedy series Funny Face. The following year, he landed a co-starring role as Scott Reynolds, the son of Ted Bessell and Anita Gillette on the short-lived CBS comedy series Me and the Chimp.

In January 1973, Kolden co-starred as Leonard Booth alongside Johnny Whitaker as his brother, Alfie in The Wonderful World of Disney two-part television film, The Mystery in Dracula's Castle. In March of that year, he made his feature film debut co-starring as Rubert Appleby, the son of Fred MacMurray and Cloris Leachman in the Walt Disney family film Charley and the Angel. In 1976, Kolden starred as Joey Fields, a boy who befriends a Killer Whale at Marineland in the feature film A Whale of a Tale (although earliest reports of a release date to 1976, records indicate the film was shot circa 1972 ).

In 1973, Kolden landed his co-starring role as Scotty Stuart on the Sid & Marty Krofft Saturday morning comedy-fantasy series Sigmund and the Sea Monsters, once again paired alongside fellow child star Johnny Whitaker as his brother, Johnny. The series was a success and aired on NBC from 1973 to 1975, becoming the first Krofft Saturday morning series to be picked up for a second season and co-starring such veteran character actors as Billy Barty, Mary Wickes, Rip Taylor and Margaret Hamilton, among others.

On September 7, 1973, Kolden also appeared as Scotty Stuart on the NBC Saturday Morning Preview special introducing the new Saturday morning offerings of the 1973–1974 season alongside fellow Sigmund co-stars, Johnny Whitaker and Billy Barty. In 1980, Kolden made his final on-screen appearance as Steve, the son of Jim Davis in the science-fiction feature film, The Day Time Ended.

Sound engineer
In 1993 Kolden began a career as a sound engineer, working as a sound mixer and sound effects editor on over 200 films and television series, including The X-files, Everybody Loves Raymond, Pinocchio's Revenge and Leprechaun 3, as well as working on the Disney channel children's series Hannah Montana, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and Cory in the House.

In 2000, Kolden won the Golden Reel Award for his work on the children's film Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein and in 2004, was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work on the dramatic television film 44 Minutes: The North Hollywood Shoot-Out.

Personal life
During his years working on Sigmund and the Sea Monsters, Kolden attended Wilmington Junior High School in Wilmington, California. His favorite hobbies at that time were sports, playing drums, baseball and riding his unicycle. After leaving show business, Kolden graduated from Phineas Banning High School in Wilmington, California in 1979. On October 19, 1985, Kolden married Lorraine Vanek. He is the father of six children: four sons and two daughters.

Since February 2003, Kolden has served as Technical Arts Director at Discovery Church in Simi Valley, California.

Filmography
This filmography lists only Kolden's film and television appearances as an actor. See the "External links" section below for an IMDb link to a complete filmography of his work as a sound engineer.

title: Scott Kolden


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Brooke's Point

Brooke's Point, officially the Municipality of Brooke's Point, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 73,994 people.

The Pearl of Lao Tzu, formerly considered the world's largest pearl, was found in its waters on May 7, 1934.

Etymology
Brooke's Point is named after James Brooke, described as "the first white Rajah" of Sarawak and founder of the Brooke Dynasty. It is believed that during one of his voyages, he landed on the tip of an island with a long narrow stretch of land inhabited by Palaweños and Muslims under the Sultanate of Sulu. During American rule, American scouts named the place Brooke's Point.

The name has now come under critical review, with some branding the naming of the municipality as "white worship" and the persistence of colonial mentality amidst Filipino sovereignty. Municipal officials have also demanded that the original name of the municipality, Bonbon (sometimes written as Bon-Bon), be restored.

History
On June 28, 1949, the Brooke's Point, formerly a municipal district, became a municipality by virtue of Executive Order No. 232 by then-President Elpidio Quirino.

The pioneer families who settled in Brooke's Point are the Villapa, Rodriguez, Setias, Valencia, Aspiras, Arzaga and Edwards families.

Geography
Brooke's Point is situated in the south-eastern section of Palawan Island, 190 km from Puerto Princesa. It has a total land area of 85,064.90 ha stretching about 20 km along the length of Palawan. Brooke's Point is bounded by Sofronio Española in the north, Bataraza in the south, Rizal in the west, and the Sulu Sea in the east. The municipalities of Bataraza, Sofronio Española, and parts of Rizal and Quezon were once a part of Brooke's Point.

Barangays
Brooke's Point is subdivided into 18 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Currently, there are 2 barangays which classified as urban (highlighted in bold).

Samariñana was separated from Tanionbog in 1954.

 * Amas
 * Aribungos
 * Barong-barong
 * Calasaguen
 * Imulnod
 * Ipilan
 * Maasin
 * Mainit
 * Malis
 * Mambalot
 * Oring-oring
 * Pangobilian
 * Poblacion I
 * Poblacion II
 * Salogon
 * Samariñana
 * Saraza (Taniongbobog)
 * Tubtub

Demographics
In the 2020 census, the population of Brooke's Point was 73,994 people, with a density of undefined PD/km2.

Religion
The town is predominantly Christian, with a sizable Muslim population.

Most are Catholics. Other Christian denominations include Members Church of God International, Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and others.

The Catholic Church is located north of the town center while the Evangelical Christian Churches are the Gospel Hall, located north of the town center, the Iglesia ni Cristo, south of the municipal hall, the Church of Christ International's building is located in Old Camp while the LDS Church chapel is in Edward's Subdivision.

Economy
Brooke's Point is one of Palawan's main economic centers outside Puerto Princesa, along with Narra, Coron and Cuyo. The town is home to several banks including the Land Bank and Rural Bank of Brooke's Point. Money transfer companies such as Western Union and MoneyGram also have branches in the town. There are several pawnshops like M Lhullier, Cebuana Lhuillier, among others. The town also has a Mercury Drug and a Generic Pharmacy.

Commercial Enterprises are thriving. There are many medium-sized stores, located mostly in the town proper. The service sector is also growing with the rise of many commercial establishments. The town's economy is based primarily on agriculture. The town produces great quantities of rice, copra and corn. The palm oil industry is headquartered in Barangay Mainit in the south. Unlike most of Palawan's towns, Brooke's Point does not have white and pristine beaches that draw local and foreign tourists. But because of abundant freshwater resources, the town is one of the most productive in the province in terms of agriculture. Many fruits and vegetables grow in abundance.

In addition, the town is also one of the Philippines' gateways to Southeast Asia. Its proximity to Sabah is a strategic advantage, but the lack of infrastructure and an inter-governmental agreement between Malaysia and the Philippines hinders the town from being a trading hub. There is minimal trade with Malaysia through many of the town's Muslim and Christian residents who have relatives in Sabah. The town is supposed to become an international port with cargo services to Sabah and Brunei.

Transportation
Brooke's Point has a modern seaport that serves many cargo ships from Manila, Mindanao, the Visayas and other parts of Luzon. The port also caters to numerous fishing vessels. Commercial vessels from Malaysia, Indonesia and other countries also make frequent stops in the port. The port also serves as a docking point for vessels containing commercial goods from Manila and abroad, and also mining-related materials to Rio Tuba. The port of Brooke's Point is considered as one of the most profitable ports in the southern Philippines.

The El Nido-Bataraza highway connects the town to other mainland towns and municipalities. Transportation between Puerto Princesa and Brooke's Point is through commercial vans, buses or jeepneys. There is also a private airport located at Lada. Transportation throughout the town is through tricycle and multi-cabs. Kuliglig, a machine also used for agriculture, is widely used as a means of transportation in rural areas.

Healthcare
Health facilities in the municipality include Southern Palawan Provincial Hospital (a 25-bed capacity secondary government hospital), a Rural Health Unit (RHU), Barangay Health Stations (BHS), and private clinics and hospitals. Dental and optical clinics, laboratories, and drugstores are also present and serve not only Brooke's Point, but also neighboring municipalities.

Currently, there are three private hospitals.

Education
The Palawan State University has its campus in Brooke's Point. In addition to this, the town is also home to Southern Palawan College, Inc. which offers several technical and vocational courses.

There are 9 secondary schools in Brooke's Point. Brooke's Point Christian High School, a Christian-run institution, and the Sacred Heart of Jesus High School administered by the Augustinians are located in the town center. Public secondary schools include the Brooke's Point National High School, Governor Abueg Memorial and Vocational High school, and more. There are also at least 40 public elementary schools.

Media
Brooke's Point is home to three radio stations, all broadcasting on FM: 104.5 Radyo Natin Brooke's Point, 95.7 Brigada News FM Brooke's Point, and 89.5 Radyo Bandera News FM Brooke's Point. GMA Network's DYAA-TV is also based in Brooke's Point. The town is also a telecommunications hub for several companies such as Smart and Globe networks. Internet cafes are becoming increasingly popular, while the percentage of personal computer ownership is also rising.

Environmental issues
Many parts of the town's forests are cleared to give way for agriculture. Slash and burn agriculture is a common practice in the town's interior. Burning of garbage and waste are common, as is illegal fishing. Illegal logging is done on a small basis, but it has a substantial impact on the town's forest cover. Small-scale illegal pet trade also exists. Mynahs, parrots and pangolins, as well as many animals found only in Palawan, are poached and traded to other parts of the country and abroad. Although the practice is increasingly common, many of these activities are not known to authorities.

In recent years, the local government along with the National government has enacted several policies and programs to protect the environment. But apathy and corruption hinder government efforts to implement these policies and programs.

A long-running dispute exists over the establishment of a nickel mine within what is now the Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape.

title: Brooke's Point