text:
User:Kelisi

Welcome! It is Monday, 29 July, 2024, and the time is (UTC)…

…or at least it was when the clock was last updated. It doesn't seem to work very well, at least not the whole time.

=About Me= My name is CJMoss, and I am a teacher, mainly of English, but also French. My home base is currently Bolton, Ontario, although I wind up in interesting parts of the world now and again in connection with my work teaching English.

One of the great joys in my life is travelling. I have been to five continents – Antarctica and South America are the only ones I haven't visited yet. I've also been to what some geographers regard as a mostly sunken continent called Zealandia, although I stuck mostly to the parts that are still high and dry. I even spent ten years living in China, but oddly, I picked up very little Chinese.

My other interests include, as some may have discerned from my contributions, languages, geography, railways (merging Coupler and Coupling (railway) was fun!), photography (many of the photos I've contributed are my own), offbeat humour as exemplified by (you guessed it) Monty Python, and politics.

Username
The username? That's my Chinese name, 柯理思 (Kē Lǐsī), which I needed once for a bank account in China. The bank's system couldn't handle foreign names. The first syllable is a common Chinese surname which I was told had no particular meaning (although one dictionary that I looked in said it meant "axe helve"), and the two-syllable "given name" means "logical thought". It was not my own choice, by the way.

I also discovered at one job that I had a Chinese nickname among the Chinese staff at my school. It was 大胡子 (Dà Húzi), which means "Big Beard". I only found out about it when a Chinese colleague sent me an email with this as my surname in the "To" line. She obviously had my name like that in her address book.

Work
I am looking forward to another overseas assignment.

Nationality
I ought to mention that I am.........

.........$$\scriptstyle\mathbb{CANADIAN}$$.

=A few photographs= Here are a few pictures that I've contributed to Wikipedia. These are all my own work:

=German translations= I have translated a good number of articles from German about resistance fighters in Nazi Germany, and others who were unfortunate enough to incur the Nazis' wrath. I have furthermore created or expanded articles about every municipality in each of the following German districts (Kreise):
 * 1) Alzey-Worms (Rhineland-Palatinate)
 * 2) Aschaffenburg (Bavaria)
 * 3) Aue-Schwarzenberg (Saxony)
 * 4) Bad Dürkheim (Rhineland-Palatinate)
 * 5) Bamberg (Bavaria)
 * 6) Bernkastel-Wittlich (Rhineland-Palatinate)
 * 7) Birkenfeld (Rhineland-Palatinate)
 * 8) Cochem-Zell (Rhineland-Palatinate)
 * 9) Ebersberg (Bavaria)
 * 10) Grafschaft Bentheim (Lower Saxony)
 * 11) Groß-Gerau (Hesse)
 * 12) Hersfeld-Rotenburg (Hesse)
 * 13) Hochtaunuskreis (Hesse)
 * 14) Höxter (North Rhine-Westphalia)
 * 15) Kreis Bergstraße (Hesse)
 * 16) Kusel* (Rhineland-Palatinate)
 * 17) Lahn-Dill-Kreis (Hesse)
 * 18) Limburg-Weilburg (Hesse)
 * 19) Main-Spessart (Bavaria)
 * 20) Mainz-Bingen (Rhineland-Palatinate)
 * 21) Marburg-Biedenkopf (Hesse)
 * 22) Miltenberg (Bavaria)
 * 23) Odenwaldkreis (Hesse)
 * 24) Offenbach (Hesse)
 * 25) Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (Rhineland-Palatinate)
 * 26) Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis (Hesse)
 * 27) Schwalm-Eder-Kreis (Hesse)
 * 28) Siegen-Wittgenstein (North Rhine-Westphalia)
 * 29) Vogelsbergkreis (Hesse)
 * 30) Vulkaneifel (Rhineland-Palatinate)
 * 31) Waldeck-Frankenberg (Hesse)
 * 32) Werra-Meißner-Kreis (Hesse)
 * 33) Westerwaldkreis (Rhineland-Palatinate)
 * 34) Wittenberg (Saxony-Anhalt)

"Westerwaldkreis" contained 209 articles.

The one marked with an asterisk (*) is the most recent addition to the list.

I have also expanded or created articles for individual towns here and there, such as Flensburg, Bobingen, Bergen auf Rügen, Gelsenkirchen (major expansion from the German article) and Forchheim (once again translated mainly from the German article).

The Rothaargebirge, Nuremberg U-Bahn, Westerwald, Odenwald and Kellerwald articles are mine, too. All are the result of translations from the German Wikipedia. Moreover, Friedrich Kittler, while a person rather than a place, and the Bombing of Braunschweig in World War II, an event, have claimed their rightful places here in the English Wikipedia thanks to my translating skills.

If you are into translation between English and German (either way), French and German, Spanish and German, Italian and German, Chinese and German or Russian and German I wholeheartedly recommend this link:

 * The UTTERLY AMAZING LEO online translation dictionary

Its worst shortcoming, however, is that it cannot deconstruct those long German agglutinations like Lebensversicherungsgesellschaftsbeamtenvereinigungsführungssondergespräch, a reasonably common word (6000+ hits on Google) that I'm sure every German says at least four or five times a week – those with big lungs, anyway. Seriously, though, compounds must sometimes be broken down into their constituent elements and run through the dictionary separately. You then have to work out their combined meaning.

German places whose names are also German verbs
Yes, Germany has several places with this distinction, likely more than I've listed here (these are only incorporated centres). Come to that, it has at least one place whose name is a German preposition. This is Ohne, in case you're interested, whose name means "Without". Now, here are the verb-towns, complete with their translations:
 * Bergen — “to rescue, recover”
 * Buchen — “to book”
 * Clingen — “to sound” (although admittedly this is an archaic spelling)
 * Erlangen — “to achieve, attain”
 * Essen — “to eat”
 * Gehren — “to bevel”
 * Gießen — “to pour, cast”
 * Langen — “to be sufficient”
 * Langen — (same)
 * Laufen — “to walk”
 * Leimen — “to glue, cement”
 * Lenzen — “to bail, pump out”
 * Mengen — “to mingle”
 * Regen — “to bestir”
 * Senden — “to send” (surprise!)
 * Siegen — “to be victorious, win”
 * Simmern — “to simmer” (surprise again!)
 * Singen — “to sing” (bet you couldn’t guess)
 * Süßen — “to sweeten”
 * Weiden — “to graze, browse”
 * Werben — “to advertise”
 * Wissen — “to know”

German places with remarkably silly names
Quite a number of places in Germany have names that mean something quite incongruous, interesting, or just plain weird. Here is a list of some of them. Feel free to choose your favourites:
 * Aalen — name means “to eels”
 * Altensteig — could be taken to mean “old men's hill climbing”
 * Aschersleben — name means “ashtray’s life”
 * Auen — name means “floodplains”
 * Bad Lauterberg — second word in name means “louder mountain”
 * Bad Schmiedeberg — second word in name means “smith mountain”
 * Bad Staffelstein — second word in name means “squadron stone”
 * Bad Wildbad — name means “bath wild bath”
 * Bad Windsheim — second word in name means “wind’s home”
 * Baden-Baden — name means “bathe bathe”
 * Barby — Do they have Ken dolls there, too?
 * Barth — pronounced exactly like the German word for “beard”
 * Becherbach — name means “beaker brook”
 * Bergen auf Rügen — could be taken to mean “to mountains on reprimands”
 * Borken — name means “tree barks”
 * Borken — likewise
 * Braunlage — name means “brown location”
 * Bühl — name means “volcanic chimney”
 * Burgwedel — name means “castle frond”
 * Celle — pronounced exactly like the German word for “cell” (various senses)
 * Darmstadt — name means “gut town”
 * Daxweiler — Everyone here hosts a sluglike symbiont; pronounced exactly like the German word for “badger hamlet”
 * Dinkelsbühl — name means “spelt’s volcanic chimney”
 * Dortmund — name means “there mouth”
 * Ebern — name means “to boars”
 * Eckernförde — name means “beechnut fjord”
 * Egeln — name means “to leeches”
 * Eibenstock — name means “yew pole”
 * Eisenhüttenstadt — name means “ironworks town”; those East German bureaucrats were as imaginative as those from any country, I guess (founded in 1950, originally “Stalinstadt”).
 * Eisleben — name means “ice life”
 * Eiterfeld — name means “pus field"
 * Engen — could be taken to mean “narrow people”
 * Enger — name means “narrower”
 * Eppingen — Isn’t there a place near London with a very similar name?
 * Erbendorf — name means “heir’s village”
 * Feuchtwangen — name means “moist cheeks”
 * Frauenstein — name means “woman’s stone”
 * Frechen — name means “impudent ones”
 * Freudenstadt — name means “joy town”
 * Frohburg — name means “merry castle”
 * Furtwangen — name means “ford cheeks”
 * Gaildorf — first syllable is pronounced exactly like the German word for “horny”
 * Geilenkirchen — name means “to horny churches”
 * Geldern — name means “to monies”
 * Gelsenkirchen — name means “gnat’s churches”, although I’m cheating a bit here, as Gelse is an Austrian word
 * Glückstadt — name means “luck town”
 * Haan — pronounced exactly like the German word for “cock” (?! Excuse me; I mean “rooster”, of course)
 * Hackenheim — name means “hoe home”
 * Haltern am See — could be taken to mean “to owners on the lake”
 * Hammelburg — name means “mutton castle”; I wonder if Hogan knew that.
 * Haßfurt — name means “hatred ford”
 * Heimsheim — name means “home’s home”
 * Heringen — name means “to herrings”
 * Hohnstein — pronounced exactly like the German word for “honing stone”
 * Hundsbach — name means “dog’s brook”
 * Kaltenkirchen — name means “to cold churches”
 * Karlsruhe — name means “Charles’s calmness”
 * Katzenelnbogen — name means “cat’s elbow” (my favourite)
 * Kiel — name means “keel”, and is even pronounced more or less like the English word
 * Klötze — could be taken to mean “chumps”
 * Königswinter — name means “king’s winter”
 * Kornwestheim — name means “corn/grain west home”
 * Kranichfeld — name means “crane field”
 * Krautheim — no, not what you think; Kraut is German for “herb” or “plant”
 * Krempe — name means “brim, flange”
 * Kuppenheim — name means “knoll home”
 * Laage — pronounced exactly like the German word for “location”, as if this were the only town that had one
 * Lage — not only pronounced exactly like the German word for “location” but spelt exactly like it, too
 * Lahnstein — name means “flattened wire stone”
 * Landshut — name means “land’s hat”
 * Landstuhl — name means “land chair”
 * Lauchhammer — name means “leek hammer”
 * Lauchheim — name means “leek home”
 * Lauterbach — name means “loud brook”
 * Lauterecken — could be taken to mean “of loud corners”
 * Lauterstein — name means “loud stone”
 * Leer — name means “empty”
 * Lehrte — name means “taught”
 * Lieberose — name means “darling rose”
 * Liebstadt — name means “beloved town”
 * Löhne — name means “wages, salaries”
 * Ludwigslust — name means “Ludwig’s desire”
 * Mandel — name means “almond” or “tonsil”
 * Marktleuthen — pronounced exactly like the German words for “to market people”
 * Meerbusch — name means “sea bush”, but Meerbusch is nowhere near the sea
 * Meisenheim — name means “tits’ home” (oops!)
 * Müllheim — name means “rubbish home”
 * Müllrose — name means “rubbish rose”
 * Münzenberg — name means “coin mountain”
 * Neunkirchen — name means “nine churches”
 * Nußbaum — name means “walnut tree”
 * Oberammergau — name means “upper bunting district”
 * Oberstreit name means “upper dispute”
 * Otterberg — name means “otter mountain”
 * Otterndorf — name means “adder’s village”
 * Pappenheim — name means “cardboard home”
 * Pfaffen-Schwabenheim — name means “parson’s Swabian’s home”
 * Rattenharz (constituent community of Lorch) — name means “rat resin”
 * Regensburg — name means “rain’s castle”
 * Roßleben — name means “steed life”
 * Roßwein — name means “steed wine”
 * Saalfeld — name means “hall field”
 * Salzgitter — name means “salt grille”
 * Salzwedel — name means “salt frond”
 * Salzweg — name means “salt way”
 * Scheibenberg — name means “disk mountain” or “slice mountain”
 * Schillingsfürst — name means “shilling’s prince”
 * Schlitz — name means “slit”
 * Schlüsselfeld — name means “key field”
 * Schopfheim — name means “tuft home”
 * Schwerte — name means “swords”
 * Sömmerda — no doubt the last five letters amuse Italian visitors
 * Sommerloch — name means “summer hole”
 * Spalt — name means “crack, split”
 * Spangenberg — name means “brooch mountain”
 * Speicher — name means “storehouse, shed, reservoir”
 * Springe — name means “Jump!”
 * Stadtlohn — name means “town wage”
 * Steinwenden — name means “turn stone”
 * Stößen — name means “to splices”
 * Stutensee — name means “mare lake”
 * Torgau — name means “gate region”
 * Unterammergau — name means “lower bunting district”
 * Wächtersbach — name means “watchman’s brook”
 * Waibstadt — could be taken to mean “women’s town”, although it’s misspelt
 * Waldshut-Tiengen — first half of name means “forest’s hat”
 * Wankendorf — first two syllables actually mean "swaying" in German
 * Waren — name means “were”
 * Wedel — name means “frond”
 * Wegeleben — name means “ways’ life”
 * Weil am Rhein — name means “because on the Rhine”
 * Weilburg — name means “because castle”
 * Weil der Stadt — name means “because to the town” or “the town’s because”
 * Weilheim an der Teck — name means “because home on the Teck”
 * Weilheim in Oberbayern — name means “because home in Upper Bavaria”
 * Weiterstadt — name means “farther town”
 * Wertheim — name means “worthiness home”
 * Wesenberg — name means “being mountain”
 * Wetter — name means “weather”
 * Wetter — likewise
 * Widdern — name means “to rams”
 * Wolkenstein — name means “cloud stone”
 * Worms — actually not pronounced the same way as the English word

=Geography and maps= Perhaps you've noticed a "geographical" streak in those articles that I mentioned. As a traveller, I am very fond of geography (or has my love of geography made me interested in travelling? I'm not quite sure). To that end, I have made maps. Here come a few now (well actually, quite a number)………

If you would like to try your hand at making maps, for Wikipedia or other purposes, I also wholeheartedly recommend this link:

 * The AMAZINGLY DAZZLING, STUPENDOUS, BOFFO, KNOCK-'EM-DEAD, NEVER-SAY-DIE Open Street Map site

The Outer Harbour East Headland/Leslie Street Spit map up above was made using this site. This site produces maps that can be freely used on Wikipedia. There used to be another one, called "OMC", but it has undergone somebody's idea of "improvements", and is now useless.

Happy mapmaking!

=Travel= I have been to quite a number of countries. They are as follows:

In the Americas

 * Flag of Canada.svg Canada
 * Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
 * Flag of the United States.svg the USA

In Europe

 * Flag of Austria.svg Austria
 * Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus
 * Flag of Belgium.svg Belgium
 * Flag of the Czech Republic.svg the Czech Republic
 * Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany, the only country that I've been to which has ceased to exist
 * Flag of France.svg France
 * Flag of Germany.svg Germany
 * Flag of Italy.svg Italy
 * Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg, the most recent addition to the list
 * Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco, the smallest country I've visited
 * Flag of the Netherlands.svg the Netherlands
 * Flag of Poland.svg Poland
 * Flag of Russia.svg Russia, which is also in Asia (I actually went to Siberia, but I won't mention Russia again under "Asia")
 * Flag of Switzerland.svg Switzerland
 * Flag of the United Kingdom.svg the UK

In Africa

 * Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt, also a two-continent country
 * Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco

In Asia

 * Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain
 * Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei
 * Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
 * Flag of India.svg India
 * Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
 * Flag of Israel.svg Israel
 * Flag of Japan.svg Japan
 * Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan
 * Flag of Portugal.svg Macau, which was Portuguese the first few times I went there; so I count it
 * Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia
 * Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia
 * Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea (that represents a trip to Panmunjŏm, of course)
 * Flag of Oman.svg Oman
 * Flag of the Philippines.svg the Philippines
 * Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia (one swinging place)
 * Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore
 * Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea
 * Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan, which most governments will tell you is not a country
 * Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand
 * Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg the United Arab Emirates
 * Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam

In Australia & Oceania

 * Flag of Australia.svg 'Strylia
 * Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand

…and on the map, that looks like this:

=Interesting articles= What follows is a selection of articles that I have found on Wikipedia – none started by me although I've edited a few – which struck me as odd, funny, extremely esoteric or arcane, or whatever. Here they are...........
 * 1) Inflation fetishism — (now deleted) Some people have some rather unwholesome preoccupations. At first, I believed the writer was pulling our legs, and I am still not thoroughly sure he isn't. It was not an article about sex dolls, by the way, but the idea of people inflating, if you can believe that.
 * 2) Corn dolly — Ah, but are they inflatable? *ahem* Excuse me.
 * 3) Doll Domination — Another unwholesome preoccupation?
 * 4) Mooresville, Missouri — Population: 89. Awesome.
 * 5) Jerome, Arkansas — Here's a place with 46 people that calls itself a "city". It also has an area of about 50 ha.
 * 6) Illán de Vacas — Es el más pequeño municipio de España. En mi opinión, no vale la pena de mencionarlo. ¿Por qué hay un artículo sobre un lugar de ocho habitantes (o seis, según otra página)? ¡Noticia! Ahora sólo queda un habitante. ¿Cuántos harán después de un año?
 * 7) Dierfeld — Diese Gemeinde in Rheinland-Pfalz hat nur acht Einwohner! Daneben sind die meisten Kuhdörfer Großstädte.
 * 8) Windhexe — Well I'll be blowed.
 * 9) Trim (cat) — Now how many cats go down in history?
 * 10) Stonecutters — A fictitious organization in a fictitious universe. Why is it worth noting in an article?!
 * 11) Cyniclons — I don't like anime; so what would I know about this? Well, apparently that writer doesn't know much about it either. Update: It has now been greatly expanded and the new title is List of Tokyo Mew Mew characters.
 * 12) Piss Beer — (now deleted) Leave it to the Aussies.
 * 13) Dickheads matches — Likewise.
 * 14) The CAS School, Karachi — If I had to give this a new title, I would choose How not to write a Wikipedia article. Update: It has been improved ever so slightly.
 * 15) Infernum — Have you ever heard of these guys? I hadn't, but I'm not much into the Warsaw music scene. I get the impression from the article that they never exactly made a splash in the world of popular music. Are they really worth an article?
 * 16) Chameleon Jail — Where naughty lizards get sent?
 * 17) Body nullification — Where Michael Jackson got his ideas?Mug and Torus morph.gif
 * 18) Centwine — Cheap plonk?
 * 19) Drag City — No doubt a lot of fun to visit if it suits one's tastes.
 * 20) Pussy, France — Likewise.
 * 21) Bitche — This as well.
 * 22) Saavedra position — Sounds naughty; the article says it was named after a Spanish priest.
 * 23) Beaver Machine — (now deleted) No clergyman involved here, but it still sounds naughty.
 * 24) River Piddle — Sounds idyllic.
 * 25) Barf (Lake District) — So does this.
 * 26) Wank — Positively charming.
 * 27) Cum fart — Only on Wikipedia, eh? Also interestingly, another article on a similar topic, called Vaginal flatulence, is being considered for deletion. Update: The Vaginal flatulence article is apparently all right, but the Cum fart article has now been merged into Oral sex, and this link will now redirect there.
 * 28) Green manure — Not as disgusting as it sounds.
 * 29) Iowa Cow War — Did they fight it with green manure?
 * 30) Butt plug — It's not about cigarette ends, I assure you.
 * 31) Ganja State University — Like, woooow, maaaaan … where do I sign up?
 * 32) Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster — Very encyclopaedic indeed.
 * 33) Porker Hogg — Not quite kosher, I don't think.
 * 34) Seborga — Neither is this, but I suppose it brings tourists.
 * 35) Jerk — It's brainier than you might think.
 * 36) Cameltoe — But this sure as hell isn't.
 * 37) Golden Cross — Someone's favourite local?
 * 38) Sex bolt — A new toy?
 * 39) Joseph Carlton Loser — What a great name for a politician!
 * 40) Rinderkennzeichnungs- und Rindfleischetikettierungsüberwachungsaufgabenübertragungsgesetz — Someone's trying to outdo me in the German concatenation department.
 * 41) Hollywood Left — Yeah, right. Celebrities are such brainless oaves they need a list.Mandel zoom 07 satellite.jpg
 * 42) Mr Danger — It's apt, but I rather think it would have qualified as an entry on the List of political epithets or the List of pejorative political puns (which have both now been deleted, I notice), and not as an article. Update: It has now actually been expanded beyond one sentence.
 * 43) %C7%AE — This is weird. This article doesn't even have a visible title, at least not on my browser, and here, the title is a little box. I guess this computer's a bit out of date with regard to funny foreign characters.
 * 44) Diet of Worms — Sounds yummy. I wonder whether Martin Luther enjoyed it.
 * 45) Chocolate and Cheese — Sounds deelish.
 * 46) Buffalo Chips Running Club — (now deleted) That's a hell of a name.
 * 47) .mw — Well I'm glad I found out!
 * 48) Polish car number plates — Now here's something that'll appeal to a lot of readers.
 * 49) San Diego Yacht Club — Likewise.
 * 50) List of errors on Portuguese ex-Colonies stamps of Mozambique 1911 — (now deleted) Wikimedia was obviously worried that its servers would get overloaded, what with everyone busting to read this article.
 * 51) Nerd — A sociological exploration of ostracism from a rather interesting perspective, I thought.
 * 52) Carbon Defense League — And this is the kind of thing that nerds get into...and now out of (it's been deleted)
 * 53) Prat — Shouldn't this be merged into "Nerd"?
 * 54) Exploding animal — Unwholesome preoccupations, indeed!
 * 55) Ray Twinney — A dead mayor of a suburban town whose term in office came to an ignominious end as the RCMP laid various charges against him. He will soon be forgotten. Why is there an article about him?
 * 56) One of These Days — That's what many kept telling Ray!
 * 57) Twatt — We'll eradicate bad spelling on Wikipedia one day, I'm sure.
 * 58) Darwinian poetry — This is supposed to produce "intelligent" poetry.
 * 59) Southpark Mall (Colonial Heights, Virginia) — Some kid's favourite hangout?Lunar libration with phase2.gif
 * 60) Tai Mei Tuk — I have actually walked straight through this community and I didn't even realize it was a community. It is an utterly forgettable place. Why is there an article about it?
 * 61) explodingdog — I don't care what it takes! This has just got to stop!
 * 62) Toilets in Japan — and then there are other unwholesome preoccupations.
 * 63) The Amorous Flea — Does it like anything that inflates or explodes?
 * 64) Bach Aircraft — Wind, or perhaps Wing, on a G-String?
 * 65) Samuil Shatunovsky — It says he's a famous Ukrainian mathematician, and nothing else. There isn't even a Ukrainian interwiki link. I'm sure he was very famous...Well, it's been expanded a bit now — and there is now a Ukrainian interwiki link.
 * 66) Anti-Barney humor — This is quite a long article considering the kind of thing that it's about, which surely won't stay in vogue all that long (if it even still is among the few who practised it).
 * 67) Spirit duplicator — Oh good, we need more ghosts.
 * 68) Penis panic — People have actually been killed in this, believe it or not.
 * 69) Leisnig — A little hamlet that no-one's ever heard of.
 * 70) Roderich Fick — A German man whose last name is a German vulgarism. Interesting. Even more interesting is the article about Raschau that I have translated from German. It mentions several people with the surname Ficker, and yes, to find the English meaning, one need only change one letter.
 * 71) Fucking, Austria — Speaking of which...Aw! They changed the name to "Fugging" (2021)!
 * 72) Petting, Germany — And this is right nearby, always.
 * 73) Kissing, Bavaria — As is this.
 * 74) Shitterton — Here's another place that got sick of having its roadsign stolen.

=Boxes= And now, just for the hell of it, a whole heap of userboxen………

=Awards=

de:Benutzer:Kelisi es:Usuario:Kelisi fr:Utilisateur:Kelisi

title: User:Kelisi


text:
Televisão Independente

TVI - initialism for Televisão Independente ("Independent Television") - is Portugal's fourth terrestrial television channel, launched in 1993. It was the most watched channel in Portugal from 2005 to 2019. It competes directly with SIC and RTP1. It is one of the two private free-to-air channels in Portugal, among the seven terrestrial free-to-air channels broadcasting from the country.

History
The company was founded on March 25, 1991 by a group of 46 Catholic institutions, companies and businessmen, to receive the license for one of the two slots available for private television, that started in December 1990. The project was greenlighted on February 6, 1992, as the fourth channel. The operative functions were divided between Cinema Berna, which housed the news operation, and the Altejo building, for the rest of the teams, both in Lisbon. The channel came out of an old claim (as far back as the 1980s ) from the Portuguese Catholic Church, and that its initial aim was of being a "Christian-inspired television channel" with a charter of principles defining it as "a moral and cultural enterprise". When the channel gained its license, the channel had withdrawn from its key characteristic of being "the Church's channel".

Priest Vitor Melícias, who despite having a daily slot on the channel (Encontro), was never aligned with the project, as he preferred that the channel would include what would eventually be called "civil society": religious entities, unions, universities and other institutions. Melícias believed that the project was "utopian" whose limitations were faced further by "pressure from viewers and addictions from the staff".

TVI was the second private Portuguese TV channel to be launched, SIC having been launched five months before, and the fourth channel in all. Already under the name TVI, but marketed as 4, in which the '4' was the sole element in its logo, TVI was initially owned by some prominent Catholic Church institutions, including Rádio Renascença, RFM, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Público, Editorial Verbo and União das Misericórdias; Antena 3 Televisión (which consisted of La Vanguardia, ABC-Prensa Española, Manuel Martín Ferrand (4.3%), Rafael and Manuel Jiménez de Parga, Europa Press and Grupo Zeta), the Luxembourgish Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion, (CLT, now RTL Group), Sonae, the Scandinavian SBS Broadcasting Group and ITV contractor Yorkshire Television were minor stakeholders of TVI. The shareholder structure was also subdivided in many individual personal shareholders. This majority-Catholic ownership pushed TVI's programming in the direction of Christian values. In the first years of its existence, TVI assumed the role of an 'alternative' television broadcaster, dedicating segments of its airtime to distinct target audiences, with part of the morning dedicated to housewives and the elderly and part of the afternoon to the young. Broadcasts were initially experimental, before upgrading to regular status in October the same year.

TVI launched on February 20, 1993, with a special five-and-a-half-hour schedule. The evening began at 8pm with a special program introducing the contents of the channel, followed by the film The Natural (at the time, it was normal for Portuguese terrestrial television to air movies during primetime). The first commercial seen on the network, likely representing the essence of the channel, was for Halls Mentholyptus, where a monk of a church choir had a sore throat. The main news, Informação 4, went live exceptionally later at 10:50pm.

TVI's initial schedule was built primarily by international feature films, with a selection from Lauro António, some foreign television series and a substantial amount of national production. Notable early national productions included Telhados de Vidro, the first telenovela made for a private television station in Portugal, the children's program A Casa do Tio Carlos hosted by Carlos Alberto Moniz, which aired on Sunday mornings, and the Portuguese sitcom Cos(z)ido à Portuguesa on Tuesdays, with Florbela Queiroz.

José Nuno Martins was the first director of programs. Interference of the Catholic Church in the channel's content was at its whole, the aim was to “build a stable station with very familiar programming", but was plagued by difficulties, such as no reception in parts of Lisbon during the channel's first weeks, "extremely violent efforts" from the professionals and "nonsensical management options" given to an "amateur administration". Friars, nuns and other individuals became shareholders of the channel, expecting a return of their money. In its first year, TVI had a share of 6.6%.

In 1994, TVI begins to experience its first signs of crisis that followed in the coming years. In the following year, Rádio Renascença and the Catholic Church withdrew much of their shares from the channel, selling them to a British pensioners' fund. The channel's finances deteriorate, in an advertising market that was seen as "too small" for four channels, it was hard for the channel to receive ad revenue. Despite the entrance of foreign investors, the channel wanted to remain faithful to its founding charter of principles, but, on the other hand, wanted a more attractive schedule to gain ad revenue. Such hesitation between the two formulas turned out to be fatal.

During this period, TVI was known for its American series and movies, including X-Files and Baywatch, and most notably the Spanish show El gran juego de la oca (translated as O Jogo do Ganso) and Farmacia de Guardia imported from Antena 3. The agreement with Antena 3, which was seen as a way to mimic SIC's agreement with Globo, fell through when Banesto experienced a financial scandal. Because of that, the line-up changed again to a more low-cost offering, reducing the amount of national content and emphasizing more on imports, especially foreign television series, as a cheaper option. 1996 was marked by the entry of Carlos Cruz as its director of programming, with the goal of trying to achieve an expected 15% share. TVI also brought in some prominent names in Portuguese television, including Manuel Luís Goucha and Artur Albarran, but the viewing figures had were always lower than expected – higher than RTP2 but lower than the top 2 channels then, SIC and RTP1 – and it entered into deep financial crisis in 1997.

New administration took over in June 1998. Nineteen Catholic institutions that had supported the channel since its founding all left. TVI was taken over by a consortium led by Sonae, Lusomundo and Grupo Cisneros, who overtook the bids by Media Capital and Antena 3, the latter being a former part-owner. Antena 3 Televisión had agreed to subscribe (50% with its Portuguese partner) an increase in capital of 1,300 million pesetas, to ensure control of the channel, which at the time had exclusive of the Spanish Soccer League. The presence of Cisneros caused a political affair, where opposition leader Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa assured that the consortium has been benefited by the government to reduce TVI's debt interest.

TVI's recovery happened when it was totally acquired by Media Capital between 1997 and 1999, one of the most important media conglomerates in Portugal, whereupon it started broadcasting more Portuguese-produced programs, including soap operas.

In March 1999, TVI hired José Eduardo Moniz, former advertising director at TV Cabo. His arrival prompted a change in the programming line, with continuous strategies aiming at attracting audience from other channels. After some experiments with pimba music concerts on specific dates, the channel had the task to premiere a program hosted by Miguel Sousa Tavares on April 29, aiming at another audience, whose name at the time was still kept in secret. The program was promoted without directly referring its name or contents, but reflected the complicated relations Moniz and Tavares had. Moreover, TVI used the late afternoon slots to premiere an hour-long program, Nossa Gente, produced by D&D Audiovisuais, emphasizing on people with unusual hobbies. For that year's Easter week, TVI reserved its schedule for foreign mini-series. The year ended with TVI revealing itself as the only television channel whose share grew in double digits, citing the success of its national productions, including Todo o Tempo do Mundo, whose average share alone exceeded 30% on weekends, with more than a million viewers tuning in. For 2000 ut was revealed that the budget and programming offer would increase considerably. The channel hired Carlos Ribeiro, who hosted Made in Portugal, to make a similar program related to the Portuguese popular music scene in the first trimester of the new year. Marina Mota was also signed, who came from SIC, and was set to premiere her first production on the channel in March. Such growth in ratings and ad revenue consolidated TVI's position as "the great surprise station" of Portugal.

This helped to increase its audience significantly, but it was in September 2000, when Big Brother started, that the channel gained a boost in popularity. The once 3rd-ranked (by 2000) TVI went on to surpass RTP1 for second place in 2001 and four years later, defeated SIC to take first place, which it maintained for 14 consecutive years before losing it once more to SIC in 2019.

With the premiere of Big Brother on September 3, 2000, the channel introduced a new logo, facing a ratings war with SIC. TVI's rebrand was seen as an opportunity to renew its image, to counter SIC's strategies. The new logo was a clear sign of the war with SIC: a golden, stylized lowercase i mark surrounded by a red and blue ring. The ring iconography used by both channels represented the viewing audience, watching the station. The channel adopted a permanently-moving channel bug, representing the "permanent change" on the channel's behalf to satisfy the viewing public. The main news moved to 8pm in an attempt to boost ratings.

The channel's eighth anniversary was observed without great ceremony, but had a special edition of Batatoon and the premiere of a new telenovela, Olhos de Água. Regarding the Christian principles that once dominated the channel, Monteiro Coelho affirmed that they were still in use as "respect, freedom and exemption that even non-Catholics follow". These obligations with the Church fell due to lack of internal changes for such. The staff in 2001 stood at 330, up from 200 in 1993.

Currently, TVI is known for having a large number of national reality shows and soap operas. It broadcasts a mix of local productions, such as soap operas, family series and reality shows, news programs and international movies and series (mostly American). It is currently owned by Media Capital, which is owned by Pluris Investments, S.A., it was previously owned by Grupo Prisa from 2005 until 2020. Until February 2007, Media Capital was co-owned by RTL Group and Grupo Prisa. The station works with Media Capital-owned production company Plural Entertainment to produce its national fictional content.

Like public service broadcaster RTP and unlike commercial rival SIC, which have always shown foreign programs in the original language with subtitles, TVI tried, unsuccessfully, to dub foreign programs into Portuguese after achieving marginal success with Latin American Spanish-language soap operas dubbed in Brazilian Portuguese. Experiments of dubbing included the US series Dawson's Creek and other shows directed at younger audiences.

Criticism
In July 2010, TVI censored a kiss between two male characters on the youth TV series Morangos com Açúcar, due to pressure by a fundamentalist far-right organization, "National Resistance". This cut has led to a major outcry, and has been widely perceived as an occurrence of homophobia. At least 10 civil society organizations called for the reinstatement of the cut scene. As of 2015, TVI no longer censors homosexual scenes and has become an important symbol of it in Portugal.

TVI had still broadcast in 4:3 as of 2015, even though, on its early days, it received European funds to promote and broadcast in 16:9 PAL-plus. However, the network's board of directors announced in September 2015 that its channels will move to the widescreen format, starting with the premiere of Santa Bárbara on 28 September and finalizing the move on 3 October, one day before the general elections.

Some viewers criticized the channel as it broadcasts US television series after midnight. TVI's prime time is reserved for in-house programming, mainly soap operas, viewer-participation quizzes and reality shows, in a similar manner to its direct competitor SIC.

Soap operas currently airing

 * Festa é Festa – Party is party
 * Para sempre – ''Forever'
 * Quero é Viver – I Want to Live

Recently previous soap operas

 * Ouro Verde – " Green Gold " – (Telenovela) 2017–2017
 * A Impostora – " The Impostor " – (Telenovela) 2016–2017
 * Santa Bárbara – Saint Barbara (Telenovela) 2015–2016
 * A Única Mulher – The Only Woman (Telenovela) 2015–2017

TV Series

 * Massa Fresca – Fresh Pasta

News

 * Diário da Manhã – Morning Diary
 * TVI Jornal – TVI News
 * Jornal Nacional – National News

Talent shows

 * A Tua Cara Não Me É Estranha 4 – Your Face Sounds Familiar 4

Reality shows

 * Secret Story: Desafio Final 4

 * Big Brother

Talk shows

 * Goucha – Goucha
 * Dois às 10– two at ten
 * Somos Portugal – We're Portugal

Series currently airing

 * Hawaii Five-0
 * Chicago Fire

Movies
Movies from the following studios/distributors:
 * Paramount Pictures/DreamWorks Pictures (rights co-shared with SIC)
 * 20th Century Fox/Regency Enterprises (rights co-shared with RTP and SIC)
 * Universal Studios/Focus Features (rights co-shared with RTP and SIC)
 * DreamWorks Animation

Sports

 * UEFA Champions League
 * UEFA Super Cup

Other

 * Sunday Eucharist and 8° Dia (8th Day) – Sunday Christian Catholic mass and religious show broadcast on Sundays, before the lunchtime news block.
 * Cartaz das Artes (Arts' Poster) – weekly cultural agenda show, displayed in the first hours of Friday, hosted by João Paulo Sacadura.
 * EuroMillions – the lottery draw that gives its name to the show, is broadcast on Tuesdays and Fridays after News at Eight.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Televisão Independente


text: User talk:219.89.126.250

title: User talk:219.89.126.250


text:
Websafe

Websafe or Web-safe may refer to:

 * Websafe colors, a palette of colors intended to be displayable on 256-color displays without dithering
 * Websafe fonts, fonts used because they are likely to be present on a wide variety of computer systems

title: Websafe


text:
Nintendo Software Technology

Nintendo Software Technology Corporation, doing business as Nintendo Software Technology (NST), is an American video game developer. NST was created by Nintendo as a first-party developer to create games for the North American market, though their games have also been released worldwide. The company was founded by Minoru Arakawa, Claude Comair and Scott Tsumura in 1998 and is located inside of Nintendo of America's headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

History
The establishment took place in 1998 through a collaboration with the private university DigiPen Institute of Technology, also located in Redmond. The offices opened with several doctorate level instructors and some recent graduates of the university working with several Nintendo of America designers and producers. Their first game, Bionic Commando: Elite Forces, was released for the Game Boy Color in 1999 and was a sequel of Capcom's Bionic Commando.

Over the years, NST has developed many games for Nintendo consoles such as the Mario vs. Donkey Kong series, Wave Race: Blue Storm, and Metroid Prime Hunters.

NST started developing Project H.A.M.M.E.R. For the Nintendo Wii but several problems landed the project in 'development hell'. A large amount of funding was spent on cut-scenes early in development, and so when the project started to fall behind, senior staff didn't want to end it because of the capital already spent. The American developers suggested that the problem was the gameplay, however, the Japanese managers believed the problem was the environments. This dispute, among others, made the project drag on for a number of years, before it was completely abandoned in 2009 and a large number of staff were made redundant.

DigiPen's Main Campus was based in the same building as theirs until 2010.

title: Nintendo Software Technology


text:
User talk:GottyJ

??

title: User talk:GottyJ


text:
User:Lemonadeyeti

Sorry... I don't like the red links.

OK, well, actually I DO like the red links, because it's a neat shade of red, but this happens to be MY page so I can do whatever I damn well please.

You are such a noob, man. I totally just haxxored you.

title: User:Lemonadeyeti


text:
Susan Glaspell

Susan Keating Glaspell (July 1, 1876 – July 28, 1948) was an American playwright, novelist, journalist and actress. With her husband George Cram Cook, she founded the Provincetown Players, the first modern American theatre company.

First known for her short stories (fifty were published), Glaspell also wrote nine novels, fifteen plays, and a biography. Often set in her native Midwest, these semi-autobiographical tales typically explore contemporary social issues, such as gender, ethics, and dissent, while featuring deep, sympathetic characters who make principled stands. Her 1930 play Alison's House earned her the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

After her husband's death in Greece, she returned to the United States. During the Great Depression, Glaspell worked in Chicago for the Works Progress Administration, where she was Midwest Bureau Director of the Federal Theater Project. Although a best-selling author in her own time, after her death Glaspell attracted less interest and her books went out of print. She was also noted for discovering playwright Eugene O'Neill.

Since the late 20th century, critical reassessment of women's contributions has led to renewed interest in her career and a revival of her reputation. In the early 21st century, Glaspell is today recognized as a pioneering feminist writer and America's first important modern female playwright. Her one-act play Trifles (1916) is frequently cited as one of the greatest works of American theatre. According to Britain's leading theatre critic, Michael Billington, she remains "American drama's best-kept secret."

Early life and career
Susan Glaspell was born in Iowa in 1876 to Elmer Glaspell, a hay farmer, and his wife Alice Keating, a public school teacher. She had an older brother, Raymond, and a younger brother, Frank. She was raised on a rural homestead just below the bluffs of the Mississippi River along the western edge of Davenport, Iowa. This property had been bought by her paternal great-grandfather James Glaspell from the federal government following its Black Hawk Purchase. Having a fairly conservative upbringing, "Susie" was remembered as "a precocious child" who would often rescue stray animals. As the family farm increasingly became surrounded by residential development, Glaspell's worldview was still shaped by the pioneer tales of her grandmother. She told of regular visits by Indians to the farm in the years before Iowa statehood. Growing up directly across the river from Black Hawk's ancestral village, Glaspell was also influenced by the Sauk leader's autobiography; he wrote that Americans should be worthy inheritors of the land. In 1891, her father sold the farm, and the family moved into Davenport. Glaspell was an accomplished student in the city's public schools, taking an advanced course of study and giving a commencement speech at her 1894 graduation. By eighteen, she was earning a regular salary as a journalist for a local newspaper. By twenty, she wrote a weekly 'Society' column that lampooned Davenport's upper class.

At twenty-one, Glaspell enrolled at Drake University, against the local belief that college made women unfit for marriage. A philosophy major, she excelled in male-dominated debate competitions, winning the right to represent Drake at the state debate tournament her senior year. A Des Moines Daily News article on her graduation ceremony cited Glaspell as "a leader in the social and intellectual life of the university."

The day after graduation, Glaspell began working full-time for the Des Moines paper as a reporter, a rare position for a woman, particularly as she was assigned to cover the state legislature and murder cases. After covering the conviction of a woman accused of murdering her abusive husband, Glaspell abruptly resigned at age twenty-four.

She moved back to Davenport to focus on writing fiction. Unlike many new writers, she readily had her stories accepted and was published by the most widely read periodicals, including Harper's, Munsey's, Ladies' Home Journal, and Woman's Home Companion. It was a golden age of short stories. She used a large cash prize from a short story magazine to finance her move to Chicago, where she wrote her first novel, The Glory of the Conquered, published in 1909. It was a best-seller, and The New York Times declared, "'Unless Susan Glaspell is an assumed name covering that of some already well-known author—and the book has qualities so out of the ordinary in American fiction and so individual that this does not seem likely—The Glory of the Conquered brings forward a new author of fine and notable gifts.'"

Glaspell published her second novel, The Visioning, in 1911. The New York Times said of the book, "it does prove Miss Glaspell's staying power, her possession of abilities that put her high among the ranks of American storytellers." Her third novel, Fidelity, was published in 1915. The New York Times described it as "a big and real contribution to American novels."

Theatre
While in Davenport, Glaspell associated with other local writers to form the Davenport group. Among them was George Cram Cook, who was teaching English literature at the University of Iowa. He was from a wealthy family and also was a gentleman farmer. Though he was already in his second, troubled marriage, Glaspell fell in love with him. He divorced and they wed in 1913.

To escape Davenport's disapproving gossip and seek a larger artistic world, Glaspell and Cook moved to New York City's Greenwich Village. There they became key participants in America's first avant-garde artistic movement, and associated with many of the era's most well-known social reformers and activists, including Upton Sinclair, Emma Goldman, and John Reed. Glaspell became a leading member of Heterodoxy, an early feminist debating group composed of the premier women's rights crusaders. After a series of miscarriages, she underwent surgery to remove a fibroid tumor.

Along with many others of their artistic circles, Glaspell and Cook went to Provincetown, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod, for the summer of 1915, where they rented a cottage. Although still weak from surgery, Glaspell worked with Cook and friends to start an experimental theatre company, a "creative collective". They produced their first plays in a refurbished fishing wharf arranged for by another member of their group. What became known as the Provincetown Playhouse would be devoted to creating and producing artistic plays to reflect contemporary American issues. The Players rejected the more commercial and escapist melodramas produced on Broadway.

Despite the successes of her earlier fiction, Glaspell would be most remembered for the twelve groundbreaking plays she submitted to the company over the next seven years. Her first play, Trifles (1916), was based on the murder trial she had covered as a young reporter in Des Moines. Today considered an early feminist masterpiece, it was an instant success, riveting audiences with its daring views of justice and morality. It has since become one of the most anthologized works in American theatre history. In 1921 she completed Inheritors; following three generations of a pioneer family, it is perhaps America's first modern historical drama. This same year she also finished The Verge, one of the earliest American works of expressionist art.

Believing an amateur staff would lead to increased innovation, the Provincetown playwrights often participated directly in the production of their own plays. Though untrained, Glaspell received further acclaim as an actress. William Zorach, an early member of the group, reported "she had only to be on the stage and the play and the audience came alive." Jacques Copeau, a legendary French theatre director and critic, was moved to tears by a Glaspell performance. He described her as "a truly great actress."

While considering new plays to produce, Glaspell discovered Eugene O'Neill, who would eventually be recognized as one of the greatest playwrights in American history. Other notables associated with the group include Edna St. Vincent Millay, Theodore Dreiser, and Floyd Dell, Glaspell's friend from the Davenport group.

After their first two seasons in Provincetown, the players moved their theater to New York City. As the company became more successful, playwrights began to view it as a means to get picked up by other, more commercial theatre venues, a violation of the group's original purpose.

Cook and Glaspell decided to leave the company they founded, which had become 'too successful'. Glaspell was by now at the height of her theatre career, with her most recent play, The Verge, bringing the most praise. In 1922 Glaspell and Cook moved to Delphi, Greece. Cook died there in 1924 of glanders, an infectious disease he caught from his dog.

From the onset, Glaspell's plays were also published in print form, receiving laudatory reviews by New York's most prestigious periodicals. By 1918 Glaspell was already considered one of America's most significant new playwrights. In 1920, her plays began to be printed in England by the highly reputable British publisher, Small & Maynard. She was even better received there. English critics hailed her as a genius and ranked her above O'Neill. They compared her favorably to Henrik Ibsen, whom they ranked as the most important playwright since Shakespeare. To satisfy demand for Glaspell's writing, a British version of her novel Fidelity was published, going through five editions in five weeks. When Inheritors was produced for England in 1925, every leading newspaper and literary magazine published an extensive review, most unanimous in their praise. The reviewer for the Liverpool Echo claimed, "This play will live when Liverpool is a rubbish heap."

However, the influence and critical success of Glaspell's plays did not translate into financial gain. In order to support herself and her husband during their years with the theater, Glaspell continued to submit short stories to top periodicals for publication. Literary scholars consider the stories from this period to be her finest. It was during her productive time as a playwright that Glaspell also established herself as, in the words of biographer Linda Ben-Zvi, "a central figure in the development of the modern American short story."

Later career
Glaspell returned to Cape Cod after Cook's death, where she wrote a well-received biography and tribute to her late husband, The Road to the Temple (1927). During the late twenties, she was romantically involved with the younger writer Norman H. Matson. In this period she wrote three best-selling novels, which she considered personal favorites: Brook Evans (1928), Fugitive's Return (1929), and Ambrose Holt and Family (1931). She also wrote the play Alison's House (1930), for which she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1931. In 1932, Glaspell's relationship with Matson ended after eight years. She fell into her first and only period of low productivity as she struggled with depression, alcoholism, and poor health.

In 1936, Glaspell moved to Chicago after being appointed Midwest Bureau Director of the Federal Theater Project during the Great Depression. Over the next few years, she reconnected with siblings and regained control of her drinking and creativity. Glaspell returned to Cape Cod when her work for the Federal Theater Project was finished. Her years in the Midwest influenced her work. Her last three novels increasingly focused on the region, family life, and theistic questions. They included The Morning is Near Us (1939), Norma Ashe (1942), and Judd Rankin's Daughter (1945).

Susan Glaspell died of viral pneumonia in Provincetown on July 28, 1948.

Legacy
Glaspell was highly regarded in her time, and was well known as a Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright. Her short stories were regularly printed in the era's top periodicals, and her New York Times obituary states that she was "one of the nation's most widely-read novelists."

In 1940, a new generation of influential Broadway-based critics began publishing derogatory reviews of her plays, having a sizable effect on her long-term standing. Exacerbating the issue was Glaspell's reluctance to seek publicity and her tendency to downplay her own accomplishments, perhaps a result of her modest Midwestern upbringing. In addition, Glaspell's idealistic novels of strong and independent female protagonists were less popular in the post-war era, which stressed female domesticity. Her novels fell out of print after her death. Accordingly, in the United States her work was seriously neglected for many years. Internationally, she received some attention by scholars, who were primarily interested in her more experimental work from the Provincetown years.

In the late 1970s, feminist critics began to reevaluate Glaspell's career, and interest in her work has grown steadily ever since. In the early 21st century, Glaspell scholarship is a "burgeoning" field. Several book-length biographies and analyses of her writing have been published by university presses since the late 20th century. After nearly a century of being out of print, a large portion of her work has been republished.

With major achievements in drama, novel, and short fiction, Glaspell is often cited as a "prime example" of an overlooked female writer deserving canonization. Perhaps the originator of modern American theater, Glaspell has been called "the First Lady of American Drama" and "the Mother of American Drama."

In 2003, the International Susan Glaspell Society was founded, with the aim of promoting "the recognition of Susan Glaspell as a major American dramatist and fiction writer." Her plays are frequently performed by college and university theatre departments, but she has become more widely known for her often-anthologized works: the one-act play Trifles, and its short-story adaptation, "A Jury of Her Peers". Since the late 20th century, these two pieces have become staples of theatre and Women's Studies curricula across the United States and the world.

Recent productions
In 1996, the Orange Tree Theatre in Richmond, London, began a long association with the plays of Susan Glaspell. Auriol Smith directed The Verge in 1996, one of the first of many plays by the American playwright to be performed at the theatre. The Mint Theater in New York City produced Alison's House in 1999 under the direction of Linda Ames Key.

The Metropolitan Playhouse, a New York resident theater dedicated to exploring and re-vitalizing American literature and culture, staged Inheritors in 2005; the production was directed by Yvonne Opffer Conybeare.

In his 2008 programmed note for Inheritors, Orange Tree director Sam Walters wrote:"In 1996... I felt we had rediscovered a really important writer. Now, whenever I talk to American students, which I do quite often, I try my 'Glaspell test'. I simply ask them if they have heard of her, and almost always none of them have. Then I mention Trifles, and some realize they have heard of that much-anthologized short play. So even in her own country she is shamefully neglected. And when I type Glaspell on my computer it always wants to change it to Gaskell."

The Ontological Hysteric Incubator Arts project put on two plays by Glaspell, The Verge in 2009, directed by Alice Reagan; and Trifles in 2010, directed by Brooke O'Harra and Brendan Connelly. As of 2013 the theater has produced three of Glaspell's one-act plays and five of her full-length plays, including the first ever production of Glaspell's unpublished final play, Springs Eternal.

In September 2015, celebrating the centenary of Provincetown Players, American Bard Theater Company presented a 12-hour celebration, featuring performances of 10 of Glaspell's plays in a single day.

The San Diego State University School of Theatre, Television, and Film staged two one-act plays by Susan Glaspell in September and October 2018, Trifles (1916) and Woman's Honor (1918) in a production directed by faculty member Randy Reinholz.

Drama
One-act plays
 * Suppressed Desires (1914), co-written with George Cram Cook
 * Trifles (1916), adapted as the short story "A Jury of Her Peers" (1917)
 * Close the Book (1917)
 * The Outside (1917)
 * The People (1917)
 * Woman's Honor (1918)
 * Tickless Time (1918), co-written with George Cram Cook
 * Free Laughter (1919), published for the first time in 2010

Full-length plays
 * Bernice (1919)
 * Inheritors (1921)
 * The Verge (1921)
 * Chains of Dew (1922), published for the first time in 2010
 * The Comic Artist (1927), co-written with Norman Matson
 * Alison's House (1930), winner of 1931 Pulitzer Prize for Drama
 * Springs Eternal (1943), published for the first time in 2010

Fiction
Novels

 * The Glory of the Conquered (1909)
 * The Visioning (1911)
 * Fidelity (1915)
 * Brook Evans (1928)
 * Fugitive's Return (1929)
 * Ambrose Holt and Family (1931)
 * The Morning Is Near Us (1939)
 * Norma Ashe (1942)
 * Judd Rankin's Daughter (1945)

Short story collections
 * Lifted Masks (1912)
 * A Jury of Her Peers (1917)
 * Her America: "A Jury of Her Peers" and Other Stories by Susan Glaspell (2010), edited by Patricia L. Bryan & Martha C. Carpentier
 * The Rules of the Institution and Other Stories (2018)

Other

 * The Road to the Temple (1926), a biography of George Cram Cook

 * Cherished and Shared of Old (1926), a children's book

title: Susan Glaspell


text:
Talk:Grimas

"...they are used in pairs..." to do what? Joyous 02:18, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grimas


text:
NST

NST may refer to:

Health

 * Nonstress test, a screening test used in pregnancy test

Media

 * Niigata Sogo Television, a television company in Niigata Prefecture, Japan
 * New Straits Times, an English-language newspaper published in Malaysia
 * New Sabah Times, a newspaper in Sabah, Malaysia

Military

 * Naval Security Team, a deployable Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) force protection unit tasked to augment fleet existing force protection measures in expeditionary or domestic environments.

Science and engineering

 * National Research Council of Science and Technology, a research group under the Ministry of Science and ICT
 * National Standard Thread, a thread form used on fire hose couplings in the USA
 * Natural Sciences Tripos, a courses system of the University of Cambridge
 * Neon-sign transformer, a high voltage transformer
 * Neural Style Transfer, a non-realistic rendering technology

Time zones

 * National Standard Time, Taiwan
 * Nepal Standard Time
 * Newfoundland Standard Time

Transportation

 * Nakhon Si Thammarat Airport, Thailand, IATA code

Other uses

 * NST (company), UK travel group
 * Network Security Toolkit, a live Linux CD
 * New standard tuning for guitar
 * Nintendo Software Technology, a video game company
 * Non-sellable token, a type of scam seen in cryptocurrency
 * State of East Sumatra (Negara Sumatera Timur), a former federal state

title: NST


text:
Keith Hoerig

Keith Hoerig (born August 4, 1972 ) is the former bass guitarist for Five Iron Frenzy and Brave Saint Saturn. Following Five Iron Frenzy's breakup in 2003, he assisted former bandmate Reese Roper with booking his new band, Roper.

He lives in Denver, Colorado. He and his wife Eryn perform in a number of projects including alt-country band The Hollyfelds, vintage pop band The Jekylls, and country duets project The Kingbyrds.

He chose not to participate in Five Iron Frenzy's 2011 reunion and was replaced on bass guitar by the band's former guitarist Scott Kerr, who had initially left the band in 1998.

title: Keith Hoerig


text:
Sistani

Sistani may refer to:

 * Sistan, a historical and geographical region in eastern Iran
 * Sistani (surname)
 * Sistani Persians, who mainly inhabit Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan
 * Sistani dialect
 * Sistani Mahalleh, a village in Iran
 * Tolombeh-ye Habib Sistani, a village in Iran
 * Vahdapar va Arbandi Sistani, a village in Iran

title: Sistani


text:
Queen's Westminsters

The Queen's Westminsters were an infantry regiment of the Territorial Army, part of the British Army. Originally formed from Rifle Volunteer Corps, which were established after a French invasion scare of 1859. The unit became part of the newly established London Regiment on the formation of the Territorial Force in 1908. It was subsequently amalgamated in 1921 with the Civil Service Rifles, and became a territorial Battalion of the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1937. It ceased to exist as separate entity after it was amalgamated in 1961.

Rifle Volunteers
The regiment was founded on the formation of the Volunteer Force, raised by the Duke of Westminster and named in honour of Queen Victoria in 1860. Initially it was known as the Pimlico Rifle Volunteer Corps. A year later it amalgamated with the Westminster Rifle Volunteers and became known as the Queen's Westminsters.

In 1880 most London volunteer units were re-numbered. As a result the unit became the 13th Middlesex (Queen's Westminster) Volunteer Rifle Corps and were attached to the King's Royal Rifle Corps as a Volunteer Battalion. In 1886 the battalion established its headquarters at 58 Buckingham Gate, Westminster. and by 1902 it was the largest volunteer rifle corps battalion in London.

First World War
Under the Haldane Reforms that created the Territorial Force in 1908, the battalion was included in the new all-Territorial London Regiment, taking its place as the 16th (County of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (Queen's Westminsters).

On the outbreak of the First World War the battalion was designated 1/16th (County of London) Battalion (Queen's Westminster Rifles). At this stage it was part of 4th London Brigade, part of the 2nd London Division. On mobilisation it moved to the Hemel Hempstead area. On 3 November 1914 it left the Division and landed at Le Havre. On 12 November 1914 it came under command of 18th Brigade in the 6th Division.

During the war the unit raised a 2nd and 3rd Battalion.The battalions were also redesignated, becoming, for example, '1/16th' Londons (for the 1st Line) to differentiate them from the 2nd Line units, which were redesignated '2/16th' Londons (for the 2nd Line).

On 10 February 1916 the 1st battalion transferred to 169th (3rd London) Brigade in 56th (London) Division. The 2/16th served as part of 179th (2/4th London) Brigade in the Middle East.

Interwar
On 31 December 1921 the battalion amalgamated with the 15th (County of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (Prince of Wales's Own, Civil Service Rifles) to form the 16th (County of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (Queen's Westminster and Civil Service Rifles). It evolved to become the 16th London Regiment (Queen's Westminster and Civil Service Rifles) in 1922. Then, on the break-up of the London Regiment in 1937, it became the Queen's Westminsters, The King's Royal Rifle Corps.

Second World War
The original Westminsters became the 1st Battalion after a duplicate battalion was raised in 1939. The following year, it was converted to a motor battalion. In 1941, the 1st Battalion was re-titled as the 11th (Queen's Westminsters) Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps, and the 2nd, the 12th (Queen's Westminsters) Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps.

Both units saw extensive service during the war. The 11th Westminsters, as part of the 24th Armoured Brigade, saw service in the North African Campaign in mid-1942, taking part in the Allied offensive during the Second Battle of El Alamein against Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps. The battalion took part in the subsequent advance after the Germans and Italians went into full-retreat in North Africa, seeing action in the Tunisia Campaign as part of the 23rd Armoured Brigade after the 24th Armoured Brigade was disbanded.

The 11th Westminsters moved to Sicily the following year, taking part in the campaign on the Italian island, which began on 10 July 1943. It later moved to the Italian Front, remaining there into 1944. In December 1944, the Westminsters took part in the operations to quell a Communist uprising in the Greek capital of Athens; this mission was successful and a cease-fire was signed on 11 January 1945.

The 12th Westminsters, having remained in the United Kingdom since the war began, took part in the Battle of Normandy in 1944, forming part of the 8th Armoured Brigade. It saw extensive service in France, including action at Rauray on 26 June and at Mont Pincon in Operation Epsom and during the advance east to the Seine, which was crossed in late August. The battalion subsequently crossed the Somme river, a scene of carnage during the Great War, which the Westminsters predecessors had experienced. It later took part in the liberation of Lille in early September, experiencing a welcoming reception by the inhabitants of the large town. Shortly afterwards, the 12th took part in the advance into Belgium, taking part in, among others, the capture of Oostham. The 12th Westminsters saw further service in the Netherlands and when Victory in Europe Day came on 8 May, were in Germany itself.

Notable soldiers in the Westminsters during World War II include the journalist Bill Deedes, who served in the North West Europe Campaign and was awarded the Military Cross, and Lord Killanin, later the President of the International Olympic Committee.

Post-War
Shortly after the war, the Territorial Army was reconstituted and the 11th and 12th amalgamated to form, simply, The Queen's Westminsters. On 1 May 1961, it was amalgamated with the Queen Victoria's Rifles to form the Queen's Royal Rifles.

Battle honours
The regiment's battle honours were as follows:
 * The Great War
 * Hill 60, Ypres 1915, '17, Gravenstafel, St Julien, Frezenberg, Bellewaarde, Somme 1916, '18, Albert 1916, '18, Guillemont, Ginchy, Flers Courcelette, Morval, Le Transloy, Arras 1917, Scarpe 1917, Langemarck 1917, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917, Bapaume 1918, Villers Bretonneux, Amiens, Hindenburg Line, Épéhy, Pursuit to Mons, France and Flanders 1914-18
 * Second World War:
 * North-West Europe: Mont Pincon, Roer, Rhineland, Kleve, Goch, Rhine, North-West Europe 1944-45
 * North Africa: El Alamein, North Africa 1942
 * Italy: Italy 1943-44
 * Other: Athens, Greece 1944-45

Memorials
As of 2014 the memorial to its dead in the World Wars was located in the Drill Hall at the Army Reserve Centre in Fulham House.

title: Queen's Westminsters


text:
Copperhead Road

Copperhead Road is the third studio album by Steve Earle, released in 1988. The album is often referred to as Earle's first "rock record"; Earle himself calls it the world's first blend of heavy metal and bluegrass, and the January 26, 1989 review of the album by Rolling Stone suggested that the style be called "power twang".

Composition
The songs on side one of the album reflect Earle's politics: the title track attacks the War on Drugs, and the song "Snake Oil" compares then president Ronald Reagan to a traveling con man and draws attention to his "legacy of creative deceit". The title track and "Johnny Come Lately" (performed with The Pogues ) both describe the experiences of returning veterans. The latter compares the experience of US servicemen fighting in World War II with those in the Vietnam War, and contrasts the differing receptions they received on returning home. "Back to the Wall" is about poverty, describing the life of the homeless in the US.

The second side of the album consists of more traditional love songs and a Christmas-themed offering in "Nothing but a Child", a duet performed with Maria McKee.

Reception
In declaring Copperhead Road Rock Album of the Week on October 21, 1988, The New York Times described it as "exactly half of a brilliant album, with five smart, ornery, memorable story-songs." With references to Bruce Springsteen, John Mellencamp and the Rolling Stones the paper applauded Earle for introducing country music's storytelling and three-chord structures to rockabilly and contemporary rock music. Side two, however, the Times dismissed as "strictly average" love songs and a "hokey" Christmas song. Time, including it in the September 19, 1988, Critics' Choices, described it as a "rock-inflected, country-based album" that "takes long chances with big themes ... and does them proud".

Rolling Stone published their review of Copperhead Road on January 26, 1989. Rob Tannenbaum wrote that the album "begins murderously and ends sentimentally ... split into two song cycles" and described the first side as being "as powerful as any music made this year". Of side two he admits disappointment at conventional love songs, saying Earle "has already examined this terrain and done a better job of it." Nonetheless, the review compares Earle to Randy Newman, Bruce Springsteen, and Waylon Jennings among others, and concludes with Rolling Stone's designation of Earle as an "important artist" and finding Copperhead Road worthy of four stars.

Airplay on rock radio stations drove the title track into Billboard's Album Rock Top Ten chart, and that in turn helped Copperhead Road on Billboard's Album Chart, where it peaked at number 56.

Waylon Jennings covered "The Devil's Right Hand" on 1986's Will the Wolf Survive. "I was a big Waylon Jennings fan", noted Bob Seger, who covered the song on 2014's Ride Out. "I heard 'The Devil's Right Hand' in a movie called Betrayed in 1988. Every time I'd see it on cable, maybe once every five years, I'd say, 'Goddamn, that's a cool song. I want to do that some day.' And then, in maybe 2000, I found the movie in a movie bin, watched it and was like, 'Oh my god, Steve Earle wrote it! No wonder I like it.

In 2000 it was voted number 412 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.

Track listing
All tracks written by Steve Earle except where noted.

Original release (1988)

 * 1) "Copperhead Road" – 4:29
 * 2) "Snake Oil" – 3:31
 * 3) "Back to the Wall" – 5:29
 * 4) "The Devil's Right Hand" (arranged by Garry W. Tallent) – 3:04
 * 5) "Johnny Come Lately" – 4:11
 * 6) "Even When I'm Blue" – 4:14
 * 7) "You Belong to Me" – 4:25
 * 8) "Waiting on You" (Steve Earle, Richard Bennett) – 5:10
 * 9) "Once You Love" (Steve Earle, Larry Crane) – 4:39
 * 10) "Nothing but a Child" – 4:26

Deluxe edition (2008)
On April 29, 2008, Geffen Records/Universal Music released a 2-disc deluxe edition of Copperhead Road. Disc one is the album as listed above, digitally remastered. Disc two features previously unreleased live recordings.

Disc two
 * 1) "The Devil's Right Hand" (live in Raleigh, North Carolina – November 19, 1987) – 4:02
 * 2) "Fearless Heart" (live in Raleigh) – 4:32
 * 3) "San Antonio Girl" (live in Raleigh) – 4:23
 * 4) "Nobody but You" / "Continental Trailways Bus" (live in Raleigh) – 6:26
 * 5) "My Baby Worships Me" (live in Raleigh) – 3:33
 * 6) "Wheels" (Chris Hillman, Gram Parsons) (live in Raleigh) – 4:45
 * 7) "The Week of Living Dangerously" (live in Raleigh) – 7:26
 * 8) "Johnny Come Lately" (solo, live in Raleigh) – 3:55
 * 9) "Brown and Root" (Emmylou Harris, Rodney Crowell) (live in Raleigh) – 3:46
 * 10) "I Love You Too Much" (live in Raleigh) – 4:28
 * 11) "It's All Up to You" (Steve Earle, Harry Stinson) (live in Raleigh) – 6:11
 * 12) "Nebraska" (Bruce Springsteen) (solo, live – 1988) – 5:21
 * 13) "Copperhead Road" (live in Calgary, Canada – April 1989) – 4:08
 * 14) "I Ain't Ever Satisfied" (live in Calgary) – 3:52
 * 15) "Dead Flowers" (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards) (live in Calgary) – 5:36
 * 16) "Little Sister" (Greg Trooper) (solo, live in Calgary) – 3:15
 * 17) "Guitar Town" (live in Calgary) – 2:36

Personnel

 * Steve Earle – vocals, guitars, harmonica, 6-string bass, mandolin
 * Donny Roberts – guitars, 6-string bass
 * Bill Lloyd – acoustic guitar, 12-string electric guitar
 * Bucky Baxter – pedal steel, lap steel, Dobro
 * Ken Moore – synthesizer and organ
 * John Barlow Jarvis – piano
 * Kelley Looney – bass
 * Kurt Custer – drums
 * Neil MacColl – mandolin on "Johnny Come Lately"
 * John Cowan, Maria McKee, Radney Foster – background vocals
 * Chris Birkett – drum programming on "You Belong to Me"
 * Gary Tallent – arrangement on "The Devil's Right Hand"
 * The Pogues played on "Johnny Come Lately"
 * Telluride played on "Nothing But a Child"

The Pogues Telluride
 * Terry Woods – cittern
 * Phil Chevron – guitar, vocals
 * Jem Finer – banjo
 * James Fearnley – accordion
 * Spider Stacy – tin whistle, vocals
 * Shane MacGowan – banjo, bodhran
 * Darryl Hunt – bass
 * Andrew Ranken – drums
 * Sam Bush – mandolin
 * Jerry Douglas – dobro
 * Mark O'Connor – violin
 * Edgar Meyer – bass violin

Technical
 * Joe Hardy – recording, mixing
 * Chris Birkett – recording on "Johnny Come Lately"
 * Simon Levy - art direction
 * Jeff Morris - design
 * June Beard - patch design

Chart performance
Although no singles from the album were released in the U.S., three of the album's tracks were released as singles in the UK.

title: Copperhead Road


text:
Talk:Teochew cuisine

Spelling
Is there some reason this is "Chiuchow cuisine" instead of Chaozhou cuisine, in line with Chaozhou itself? I could see this being called Teochew cuisine, but Chiuchow just sounds bizarre. Jpatokal 02:23, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Both Chiuchow and Teochew are acceptable because they're actually used. Whereas "Chaozhou cuisine" sounds wierd and makes no sense.Puekai 17:18, 4 Jan 2006 (UTC)

I agree with Jpatokal. We should be using standard pinyin for place names. Vandelay 19:06, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I started this article initially. I followed the spelling on the signs that I read in Chiuchow restaurants in the USA.  It is obvious that the Chiuchow restauranteurs in the US are not Mandarin speaking people.  If this is an English encyclopedia written for China, then you may standardize the pinyin spellings.  If this is an English encyclopedia written in the US or other English speaking countries, then stick with how local people spell the word here.  It would be useful info to add the pinyin and native spellings as a redirect too.  Kowloonese July 1, 2005 21:31 (UTC)

 * In Singapore, where English is a native language, the usual spelling is "Teochew". There is obviously no single 'standard', and the least confusing option is to go for pinyin. Jpatokal 2 July 2005 06:19 (UTC)

 * "Chiuchow" is the spelling used in Hong Kong, Canada and the UK, when referring to the cuisine. The Pinyin spelling is rather rare. — Instantnood July 6, 2005 08:14 (UTC)

I think we should stick with the pinyin. This encyclopedia is not only used by those in the English-speaking country. It is in fact used worldwide.
 * There is wikipedia policy on using English common spelling. As pointed out earlier, Chiuchow is a very common spelling in English speaking countries.  If you are writing this encyclopedia for China, then use pinyin, or else we should use what English speaking people have been using for decades.  There are many discussions on WG vs. pinyin, e.g. see Daoism-Taoism Romanization issue Kowloonese 21:46, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I vote for Chaozhou cuisine as a first choice, then Teochew (or some variant thereof). 'Chiuchow' is only Cantonese and not really relevant. InfernoXV (talk) 04:02, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Seconded. Chensiyuan (talk) 04:04, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Just a thought, we have Teochew (dialect) and Teochew people, but Chaozhou for the city. Which do we go with - Teochew or Chaozhou? My first reaction is 'Teochew', being ijn line with Teochew (dialect) and Teochew people but then the term 'Teochew' is not used in English discourse outside of Singapore and Malaysia AFAIK. 'Chaozhou' then? Decisions, decisions! InfernoXV (talk) 04:27, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I think keep it consistent and use "Chaozhou". LDHan (talk) 13:38, 18 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I can live with that. Anyone else to support? InfernoXV (talk) 22:16, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Me too. Jpatokal (talk) 02:26, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Teochew Cuisine vs Chiuchow Cuisine
I see that a previous discussion has been carried out on this, but no changes appeared to have been done. I think that the title for this article should be "Teochew Cuisine" instead of "Chiuchow Cuisine" simply because the term "Teochew" is well... Teochew and "Chiuchow" is Cantonese. Makes sense to name the cuisine in it's own dialect... no? Silverelf (talk) 19:16, 25 December 2008 (UTC)

Is it true that Yu Sheng was invented in Song Dynasty? I thought this dish originates from Modern Singapore ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.249.41.3 (talk) 07:20, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Copyright problem
This article has been revised as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. Earlier text must not be restored, unless it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Contributors may use sources as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously. --Mkativerata (talk) 00:01, 14 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Teochew cuisine


text:
Chainfire

Chainfire is the ninth book in Terry Goodkind's epic fantasy series The Sword of Truth, and the first in a trilogy. It was nominated for the Prometheus Award.

Plot introduction
During a raid on his camp, Richard is seriously wounded and now Nicci must use Subtractive Magic in order to save him. Richard awakens to find his wife Kahlan missing and discovers that he is the only person alive who remembers her. As he begins to search for her, he learns that he is also hunted by a beast created by Jagang's Sisters of the Dark.

Plot summary
Richard Rahl is the ruler of the D'Haran Empire, a collection of nations previously made up of D'Hara and the Midlands. Richard Rahl and the D'Haran Empire are currently locked in an epic struggle with the Imperial Order, an Empire from the Old World, led by Emperor Jagang.

Chainfire continues the story of Richard in his attempt to teach the people that their lives are theirs alone, and that they can be free of the Imperial Order. Richard is gravely injured from an enemy's arrow. He is brought to Nicci, a sorceress and former Sister of the Dark, who heals him using Subtractive Magic; this causes unforeseen events to spiral out of control. When Richard awakens, he discovers that his wife, Kahlan Amnell, the Mother Confessor, is missing. Furthermore, no one around him seems to remember her. Nicci and Cara both attribute Richard's memory of Kahlan to dreams and delusions brought on by his injury and possibly an unintended effect of the Subtractive Magic used in healing Richard. Despite Richard's attempts to explain the events of the last several years could not have happened without Kahlan, the paradoxes are explained away as Richard remembering things inaccurately.

Fearing for Kahlan's life, Richard desperately tries to find some trace of her and at the same time convince the others that she exists. His search leads him to the witch woman, Shota, who reveals "that which you seek is long buried with the bones". In return for more information, Shota demands the Sword of Truth, which Richard relinquishes to her pet, Samuel, the previous bearer of the sword. Shota then utters the words "Chainfire" and "The Deep Nothing" and tells Richard to "beware the four-headed viper". She also warns Richard of a "blood beast" conjured by several wizards and Sisters of the Dark, under the orders of Jagang. The beast is meant to kill Richard and is as unstoppable as it is unpredictable. Further, the beast is able to track Richard when he uses his gift because of the way Nicci healed his arrow wound.

In the meantime, Ann and Nathan together have discovered many blank pages in books of ancient prophecy. They seem to remember that the pages should not be blank but cannot remember what was originally written there. Zedd makes the same discovery independently.

Leaving Agaden Reach, Richard makes his way to the Wizard's Keep to find Zedd, but he also has no memory of Kahlan. Nicci arrives simultaneously. To prove Kahlan's existence, Richard exhumes her grave and is shocked to find a corpse in the buried casket with a nametag attached to her dress. He is devastated and falls into a deep depression. Meanwhile, Ann, Nathan, and Frederich also arrive at the Keep. Desperate to get their "Richard" back so that he will "fulfill prophecy" and lead the D'Haran army against the forces of Emperor Jagang. Zedd, Nathan, and Ann attempt to coerce Nicci into secretly using Subtractive Magic to delete Richard's "delusions"; Nicci instead begs Richard to persevere in his beliefs. Together with Cara, they head to the Sliph to travel to the People's Palace.

Richard learns that the Sliph knows of a place called the Deep Nothing. The Sliph takes them to some ruins called "Caska" in the Deep Nothing. Upon arriving, they find themselves in the midst of a group of Imperial Order advanced scouts who have captured a girl named Jillian, part of a people called the "Dream Casters". While Nicci eliminates the rest of the Imperial Troops scouts, Richard and Jillian look for answers in the catacombs. Together, they find a hidden passage that leads to a protected library. In the library, Jillian discovers a book titled Chainfire.

At the same time, the reader learns that Kahlan indeed exists, and has been kidnapped by the four remaining Sisters of the Dark who escaped the Dream Walker in Blood of the Fold. The Sisters have cast a spell called Chainfire, using Subtractive Magic to erase people's memories of Kahlan and Kahlan's memories of herself. The Sisters then use Kahlan to steal the boxes of Orden from the Garden of Life in the People's Palace. Kahlan leaves Spirit behind, the statue Richard carved for her.

Richard, Nicci, and Cara then travel to the People's Palace and learn that the boxes are missing and that they have been put into play. Richard finds the statue Kahlan left and figures out that the Sisters have stolen his wife and the boxes. With the proof in the Garden of Life, Nicci and Cara finally believe in the existence of Kahlan, despite not remembering her. While there, they learn that an older woman has been found fatally stabbed near the D'haran army; Nicci and Richard determine that it is Sister Tovi. Nicci uses deception to interrogate Tovi, discovering that it was Samuel who stabbed Tovi and took the Box of Orden she was carrying. She also learns about the Chainfire spell, about how it was used to obliterate everyone's memory about Kahlan, and that the Boxes of Orden were created in opposition to it. Later, Richard realizes that the Sword of Truth protected him from the Chainfire spell, which is why he was still able to remember Kahlan.

Richard, Nicci and Cara return to the Wizard's Keep and, with the information gathered from Tovi and the book "Chainfire", they finally manage to convince Zedd, Nathan, and Ann of the truth. While no one but Richard remembers Kahlan, they now believe that she exists.

Chainfire magic
The spell is explained as a complicated memory-altering magic. But it is not as simple as erasing the memory of everyone directly, as this is merely Subtractive Magic. Also, simply attempting to erase the memory because it uses Subtractive Magic, has a strong probability of destroying portions of the mind, thus killing the subject. A death spell, can for instance, make it seem like a person is dead, but everyone still remembers the person existed. Also, if you tried to erase the knowledge of even a simple person like a woodcutter, the nature of reality would be such that all too obvious gaps in memory would be noticed, such as how the woodcutter's wife got her food and wood if she were crippled. For this reason, some wizards came up with a workaround, using some energy to warp reality itself or at least human perception of it. False memories are automatically created to fill the gaps in reality, almost as if someone went back in time and changed them.

Wizard's Ninth Rule
The Wizard's Ninth Rule, revealed in Chainfire, is:

"A contradiction cannot exist in reality. Not in part, nor in whole."

- Chapter 48, p. 489, U.S. hardcover edition

It is explained in the novel as follows: "To believe in a contradiction is to abdicate your belief in the existence of the world around you and the nature of the things in it, to instead embrace any random impulse that strikes your fancy – to imagine something is real simply because you wish it were. A thing is what it is, it is itself. There can be no contradictions. In reality, contradictions cannot exist. To believe in them you must abandon the most important thing you possess: your rational mind. The wager for such a bargain is your life. In such an exchange, you always lose what you have at stake."

title: Chainfire


text:
Walter Jones (Virginia politician)

Walter Jones (December 18, 1745 –December 31, 1815) was an 18th- and 19th-century politician and physician from Virginia.

Biography
Born in Williamsburg in the Colony of Virginia, Jones graduated from the College of William and Mary in 1760. He studied medicine in Edinburgh, Scotland and received a degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1770.

He returned to Northumberland County, Virginia and became physician general of the Middle Military Department in 1777. Jones was a member of the Virginia Senate from 1785 to 1787. He was also a delegate to the Virginia Ratifying Convention in 1788; an event held at the Richmond Theatre. He was elected a Democratic-Republican to the United States House of Representatives in 1796, serving from 1797 to 1799. He returned to the state Senate in 1802 and 1803 and was elected back to the House of Representatives again in 1802, serving from 1803 to 1811.

His son and namesake, Walter Jones (1775-1861) practiced law in Washington most of his life and reportedly argued more cases before the U.S. Supreme Court – over 300, including McCulloch vs. Maryland - than any other attorney in American history. A close friend of James Madison, James Marshall and John Calhoun, he also held the rank of Major General of the Army, and rode at the head of the District of Columbia Militia at presidential inaugurations. The younger Jones was also a member of the Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences, a prestigious society which counted among its members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many other prominent men of the day, including well-known representatives of the military, government service, medical and other professions. Living until the start of the Civil War, he strongly opposed Virginia’s secession.

The elder Jones died in Westmoreland County, Virginia, on December 31, 1815, and was interred there in the family cemetery at "Hayfield" near what is now Callo, Virginia.

title: Walter Jones (Virginia politician)


text: User talk:67.124.151.138

title: User talk:67.124.151.138


text:
Name days in the Czech Republic

In the Czech Republic, each day of the year, except national holidays, corresponds to a personal name. People celebrate their name day ("svátek"—or more formally "jmeniny", but that term isn't usually used) on the date corresponding to their own given name.

In the past, parents were not allowed to choose just any name for a child. This has changed, although it is still common to choose the name from the name day "calendar", and any highly unusual name has to be approved by a special office. The original list was the Roman Catholic calendar of saints, but many changes were made to reflect the present-day usage of names.

The name day is commonly of less importance than birthdays to Czech people. The celebration can be held together with friends or co-workers of the same name and in this way, it can grow in size and "importance".

January

 * 1) New Year's Day
 * 2) Karina
 * 3) Radmila
 * 4) Diana
 * 5) Dalimil
 * 6) Tři králové
 * 7) Vilma
 * 8) Čestmír
 * 9) Vladan
 * 10) Břetislav
 * 11) Bohdana
 * 12) Pravoslav
 * 13) Edita
 * 14) Radovan
 * 15) Alice
 * 16) Ctirad
 * 17) Drahoslav
 * 18) Vladislav
 * 19) Doubravka
 * 20) Ilona
 * 21) Běla
 * 22) Slavomír
 * 23) Zdeněk
 * 24) Milena
 * 25) Miloš
 * 26) Zora
 * 27) Ingrid
 * 28) Otýlie
 * 29) Zdislava
 * 30) Robin
 * 31) Marika

February

 * 1) Hynek/Jasmína
 * 2) Nela, Hromnice
 * 3) Blažej
 * 4) Jarmila
 * 5) Dobromila
 * 6) Vanda/Arjuna
 * 7) Veronika
 * 8) Milada
 * 9) Apolena
 * 10) Mojmír
 * 11) Božena
 * 12) Slavěna
 * 13) Věnceslav
 * 14) Valentýn
 * 15) Jiřina
 * 16) Ljuba
 * 17) Miloslava
 * 18) Gizela
 * 19) Patrik
 * 20) Oldřich
 * 21) Lenka
 * 22) Petr
 * 23) Svatopluk
 * 24) Matěj
 * 25) Liliana
 * 26) Dorota
 * 27) Alexandr
 * 28) Lumír
 * 29) Horymír

March

 * 1) Bedřich
 * 2) Anežka
 * 3) Kamil
 * 4) Stela
 * 5) Kazimír
 * 6) Miroslav
 * 7) Tomáš
 * 8) Gabriela
 * 9) Františka
 * 10) Viktorie
 * 11) Anděla
 * 12) Řehoř
 * 13) Růžena
 * 14) Rút/Matylda
 * 15) Ida
 * 16) Elena/Herbert
 * 17) Vlastimil
 * 18) Eduard
 * 19) Josef
 * 20) Světlana
 * 21) Radek
 * 22) Leona
 * 23) Ivona
 * 24) Gabriel
 * 25) Marián
 * 26) Emanuel
 * 27) Dita
 * 28) Soňa
 * 29) Taťána
 * 30) Arnošt
 * 31) Kvido

April

 * 1) Hugo
 * 2) Erika
 * 3) Richard
 * 4) Ivana
 * 5) Miroslava
 * 6) Vendula
 * 7) Heřman
 * 8) Ema
 * 9) Dušan
 * 10) Darja
 * 11) Izabela
 * 12) Julius
 * 13) Aleš
 * 14) Vincenc
 * 15) Anastázie
 * 16) Irena
 * 17) Rudolf
 * 18) Valérie
 * 19) Rostislav
 * 20) Marcela
 * 21) Alexandra
 * 22) Evženie
 * 23) Vojtěch
 * 24) Jiří
 * 25) Marek
 * 26) Oto
 * 27) Jaroslav
 * 28) Vlastislav
 * 29) Robert
 * 30) Blahoslav

May
(May Day)
 * 1) Labour Day
 * 1) Zikmund
 * 2) Alexej
 * 3) Květoslav
 * 4) Klaudie
 * 5) Radoslav
 * 6) Stanislav
 * 7) National holiday
 * 8) Ctibor
 * 9) Blažena
 * 10) Svatava
 * 11) Pankrác
 * 12) Servác
 * 13) Bonifác
 * 14) Žofie
 * 15) Přemysl
 * 16) Aneta
 * 17) Nataša
 * 18) Ivo a Engelbert
 * 19) Zbyšek
 * 20) Monika
 * 21) Emil
 * 22) Vladimír
 * 23) Jana
 * 24) Viola
 * 25) Filip
 * 26) Valdemar
 * 27) Vilém
 * 28) Maxmilián
 * 29) Ferdinand
 * 30) Kamila

June

 * 1) Laura
 * 2) Jarmil
 * 3) Tamara
 * 4) Dalibor
 * 5) Dobroslav
 * 6) Norbert
 * 7) Iveta
 * 8) Medard
 * 9) Stanislava
 * 10) Gita
 * 11) Bruno
 * 12) Antonie
 * 13) Antonín
 * 14) Roland
 * 15) Vít
 * 16) Zbyněk
 * 17) Adolf
 * 18) Milan
 * 19) Leoš
 * 20) Květa/Květuše
 * 21) Alois
 * 22) Pavla
 * 23) Zdeňka
 * 24) Jan
 * 25) Ivan
 * 26) Adriana
 * 27) Ladislav
 * 28) Lubomír
 * 29) Petr a Pavel
 * 30) Šárka

July
(Jan Hus, 1415)
 * 1) Jaroslava
 * 2) Patricie
 * 3) Radomír
 * 4) Prokop
 * 5) Cyril/Metoděj
 * 6) National holiday
 * 1) Bohuslava
 * 2) Nora
 * 3) Drahoslava
 * 4) Libuše/Amálie
 * 5) Olga
 * 6) Bořek
 * 7) Markéta
 * 8) Karolína
 * 9) Jindřich
 * 10) Luboš
 * 11) Martina
 * 12) Drahomíra
 * 13) Čeněk
 * 14) Ilja
 * 15) Vítězslav
 * 16) Magdaléna
 * 17) Libor
 * 18) Kristýna
 * 19) Jakub
 * 20) Anna
 * 21) Věroslav
 * 22) Viktor
 * 23) Marta
 * 24) Bořivoj
 * 25) Ignác

August

 * 1) Oskar
 * 2) Gustav
 * 3) Miluše
 * 4) Dominik
 * 5) Kristián
 * 6) Oldřiška
 * 7) Lada
 * 8) Soběslav
 * 9) Roman
 * 10) Vavřinec
 * 11) Zuzana
 * 12) Klára
 * 13) Alena
 * 14) Alan
 * 15) Hana
 * 16) Jáchym
 * 17) Petra
 * 18) Helena
 * 19) Ludvík
 * 20) Bernard
 * 21) Johana
 * 22) Bohuslav
 * 23) Sandra
 * 24) Bartoloměj
 * 25) Radim
 * 26) Luděk
 * 27) Otakar
 * 28) Augustýn
 * 29) Evelína
 * 30) Vladěna
 * 31) Pavlína

September

 * 1) Linda/Samuel
 * 2) Adéla
 * 3) Bronislav/Bronislava
 * 4) Jindřiška
 * 5) Boris
 * 6) Boleslav
 * 7) Regina/Regína
 * 8) Mariana
 * 9) Daniela
 * 10) Irma
 * 11) Denisa
 * 12) Marie
 * 13) Lubor
 * 14) Radka
 * 15) Jolana
 * 16) Ludmila
 * 17) Naděžda
 * 18) Kryštof
 * 19) Zita
 * 20) Oleg
 * 21) Matouš
 * 22) Darina
 * 23) Berta
 * 24) Jaromír
 * 25) Zlata
 * 26) Andrea
 * 27) Jonáš
 * 28) Václav
 * 29) Michal
 * 30) Jeroným

October

 * 1) Igor
 * 2) Olívie/Oliver
 * 3) Bohumil
 * 4) František
 * 5) Eliška
 * 6) Hanuš
 * 7) Justýna
 * 8) Věra
 * 9) Štefan/Sára
 * 10) Marina
 * 11) Andrej
 * 12) Marcel
 * 13) Renáta
 * 14) Agáta
 * 15) Tereza
 * 16) Havel
 * 17) Hedvika
 * 18) Lukáš
 * 19) Michala
 * 20) Vendelín
 * 21) Brigita
 * 22) Sabina
 * 23) Teodor
 * 24) Nina
 * 25) Beáta
 * 26) Erik
 * 27) Šarlota/Zoe
 * 28) National holiday
 * 29) Silvie
 * 30) Tadeáš
 * 31) Štěpánka

November

 * 1) Felix, Kani
 * 2) All Souls' Day
 * 3) Hubert
 * 4) Karel
 * 5) Miriam
 * 6) Liběna
 * 7) Saskie
 * 8) Bohumír
 * 9) Bohdan
 * 10) Evžen
 * 11) Martin
 * 12) Benedikt
 * 13) Tibor
 * 14) Sáva
 * 15) Leopold
 * 16) Otmar
 * 17) Mahulena
 * 18) Romana
 * 19) Alžběta
 * 20) Nikola
 * 21) Albert
 * 22) Cecílie
 * 23) Klement
 * 24) Emílie
 * 25) Kateřina
 * 26) Artur
 * 27) Xenie
 * 28) René
 * 29) Zina
 * 30) Ondřej

December

 * 1) Iva
 * 2) Blanka
 * 3) Svatoslav
 * 4) Barbora
 * 5) Jitka
 * 6) Mikuláš
 * 7) Ambrož
 * 8) Květoslava
 * 9) Vratislav
 * 10) Julie
 * 11) Dana
 * 12) Simona
 * 13) Lucie
 * 14) Lýdie
 * 15) Radana
 * 16) Albína
 * 17) Daniel
 * 18) Miloslav
 * 19) Ester
 * 20) Dagmar
 * 21) Natálie
 * 22) Šimon
 * 23) Vlasta
 * 24) Adam/Eva, Christmas Eve
 * 25) 1st Christmas Holiday
 * 26) Štěpán (2nd Christmas holiday)
 * 27) Žaneta
 * 28) Bohumila
 * 29) Judita
 * 30) David
 * 31) Silvestr

title: Name days in the Czech Republic