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East India Club

The East India Club is a gentlemen's club founded in 1849 and situated at 16, St James's Square in London. The full title of the club is East India, Devonshire, Sports and Public Schools' Club due to mergers with other clubs. The club was originally founded for officers of the East India Company, and its first Patron was Prince Albert.

History
Founded in the middle of the 19th century, the club's original members, as set out in the Rule Book of 1851, were: The East India Company's servants – Clerical, Civil, Military, Naval and Medical of all the Presidencies, including those retired [and] all commissioned officers of Her Majesty's Army and Navy who have served in India, members of the Bar and Legal Profession who may have been or are Company's Advocates and Solicitors ...

But within the first eight years of the club's foundation, following the Indian Mutiny of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown assuming direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj. The company was dissolved altogether in 1874, having been rendered by then vestigial, powerless, and obsolete. As a result, the club could no longer look to the East India Company as its main source of members.

Since then, the club has amalgamated with the Sports Club (1938), the Public Schools Club (1972) and the Devonshire (1976), all of which ran into the twin problems of keeping up membership numbers and making ends meet, especially with the escalating costs of maintenance for historic buildings. With the disappearance of the East India Company, the public school influence has become an important one. The club is still primarily referred to as the East India Club or EIC for convenience.

The club's facilities include a dining room and a luncheon room in addition to the American Bar (named in gratitude to the American officers who stayed at the club during the Second World War and provided funds to refurbish the bar after the war), the Canadian Room (named in gratitude to the Canadian officers who stayed at the club during the Second World War and afterwards provided the timber for the room when it was still in short supply), the Drawing Room, the Smoking Room (in which smoking is not permitted), a cigar lounge (in which it is, providing the cigars smoked are purchased in the Club), the library (which includes antiquarian and contemporary books), the Clive Room (named in honour of famed East India Company General Robert Clive), the Card Room, the Rugby Room (where the International Rugby Board met until its move to Dublin) which is now fitted for study or work, and a gymnasium and sauna, a billiard room and 67 bedrooms (including the St James's Suite). The East India Club is a popular venue for private events hosted by members.

The club has reciprocal arrangements with more than 100 clubs throughout the world. Members can use the facilities of overseas reciprocal clubs with a card or letter of introduction issued by the East India Club.

In 2014, the club made headlines after one of its staff successfully stole over £500,000 during a five-year period before the loss was noticed, later pleading guilty to the fraud. Having failed to recover the money, which was spent on a gambling habit, the Club later threatened to sue its own bank for not adequately warning them of the fraud that took place over five years.

In 2017, Conservative MP Anne Marie Morris (not a member of the Club) had the whip suspended after being recorded speaking to a meeting of Tory MPs at the East India Club using the idiom "nigger in the woodpile", without any response from the other MPs present.

Despite the number of members involved in politics, the club holds no political affiliations.

Club house
The club premises are situated at 16 St James's Square, London SW1, on the west side of the square.

The first occupant of the original house to stand on the site was Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn (?1670-1676). He passed the house on to Robert Villiers, 3rd Viscount Purbeck, who occupied the house for two years (1676–78). After Viscount Purbeck, a Swedish Ambassador occupied the house, followed by two successive Earls of Suffolk and the Earl of Romney. The house was then taken over by Sir John Germain, 1st Baronet, the lover and, later, husband of Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk. When Sir John died in 1719, he left the house to his second wife, Lady Elizabeth Berkeley, second daughter of the 2nd Earl of Berkeley. She was to occupy the house for 50 years. When Lady Elizabeth died, the house went to George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville. It then became the home of Admiral Vere Beauclerk, 1st Baron Vere and then of his son, Aubrey Beauclerk, 5th Duke of St Albans.

In 1785, George Anson bought No. 16. When he died in 1789, the house was passed on to his son, Thomas Anson, 1st Viscount Anson. In 1804, Viscount Anson sold the house to Edmund Boehm, a successful merchant. Mr and Mrs Boehm were very active socially and hosted many dinner parties.

On 21 June 1815, the Prince Regent (later George IV) was the principal guest at a dinner party held at 16 St James's Square. When he heard the news of the victory at Waterloo, Major Henry Percy, aide-de-camp to the Duke of Wellington, presented the Prince Regent with four captured French eagles and Wellington's victory dispatch.

When Edmund Boehm was declared bankrupt, Robert Vyner became the owner of No. 16. In 1825, Vyner sold the house to the Marquess of Clanricarde. During Lord Clanricarde's tenancy, he let the house for a time to the Marquess Wellesley. In 1849, the East India Club Committee signed a lease with Lord Clanricarde. The club bought the house from Lord Clanricarde in 1863.

In 1866, the club demolished the old building, to build the present clubhouse on the same site.

Sports sections
In addition to the facilities at the St James's Square clubhouse, the club has several sports sections. There are active Chess, Cricket, Rowing, Rugby, Billiards, Shooting and Polo teams. The club also has a sports blazer, which may be worn by club members.

Cricket
There is a mix of Sunday friendly cricket and T20 evening matches, and they end the season with a tour in another country.

Polo
The Polo Section is a dynamic and inclusive community within the club, renowned for its vibrant calendar of events, particularly during the British grass season (April to September). They cater to a diverse range of members, from seasoned polo enthusiasts to newcomers, including those new to horse-riding. As the largest grassroots polo club in the country, they take pride in their commitment to making the sport accessible to all. In addition to their active playing schedule, they organise engaging spectating trips both within the UK and abroad, as well as a variety of social events, cementing their status as the most active section within the East India Club.

Rowing
The Rowing Section boats out of Quintin Boat Club in Chiswick and competes at events throughout the year. It has twice competed in the Ladies' Challenge Plate as a composite crew and once qualified for the Thames Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta. In 2022, the Section won the Small Club Pennant at the Head of the River Race. The Rowing Section has a different blazer from the main club for those who have competed at senior events or have been awarded a blazer for services to club rowing.

Rugby
As well as playing annual fixtures against old boys’ associations and representative sides, a range of the club’s social activities also revolve around the sport, for example the screening of major international fixtures.

Notably a series of Rugby Lunches are hosted for members and their guests at the club, typically the day prior to an England fixture.

Through its membership, the club has strong and long-standing links to global rugby administration; this is reflected in various memorabilia and photography around the clubhouse.

Shooting
The Shooting Section exists to provide all members, regardless of experience, the opportunity to shoot with other club members. With more than 300 members, it is currently the largest section of the club.

Yachting
The club's yacht squadron takes part in a variety of sailing events and has also initiated an inter-club regatta in honour of Colonel Newman VC – a day of sailing races from Seaview, Isle of Wight, in mermaid class boats.

Patrons of the Club

 * Prince Albert, Chief Patron, consort of Queen Victoria
 * James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, Patron
 * Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough, Patron
 * General Sir Charles Napier, Patron

Notable members
This is an incomplete list of the notable people who have historically been affiliated with the club or its constituent clubs:
 * Prince Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein, first honorary member
 * William Adam MP (1823–1881)
 * Archibald Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford (1841–1922)
 * Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1850–1942)
 * Sir John Dugdale Astley, 3rd Baronet (1828–1894)
 * Sir Robert Black (1906–1999)
 * James Blyth, 1st Baron Blyth (1841–1925)
 * Frederick ("Freddie") Richard Brown MBE (1910–1991)
 * Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork (1829–1904)
 * General Sir Reginald Alexander Dallas Brooks (1896–1966)
 * Sir Roden Cutler VC AK KCMG KCVO CBE (1916–2002)
 * Lieutenant-Colonel Augustus Charles Newman VC, OBE, TD, DL (1904–1972)
 * Godfrey Bloom MEP (born 1949).
 * James Butler, 3rd Marquess of Ormonde (1844–1919)
 * David Campbell-Bannerman MEP (born 1960).
 * Lord Randolph Churchill (1849–1895)
 * Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire (1833–1908)
 * Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire KG (1895–1950)
 * Joseph Chamberlain MP (1836–1914)
 * Sir Austen Chamberlain KG (1863–1937)
 * Sebastian Coe, Baron Coe of Ranmore (born 1956)
 * Michael Colin Cowdrey, Baron Cowdrey of Tonbridge (1932–2000)
 * William Edwardes, 4th Baron Kensington (1835–1896)
 * Nigel Farage, former Leader of the UKIP and the Brexit Party (born 1964)
 * Sir Henry Bartle Frere, 1st Baronet (1815–1884)
 * Prince George, Duke of Cambridge (1819–1904)
 * Douglas Graham, 5th Duke of Montrose KT (1852–1925)
 * Robert Halfon MP
 * Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke (1860–1938)
 * Bret Harte (1836–1902)
 * George Holding (born 1968)
 * Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (1841–1935)
 * Sir Leonard Hutton (1916–1990)
 * Henry James, 1st Baron James of Hereford (1828–1911)
 * Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy, 2nd Baronet (1811–1877)
 * Anthony Little (born 1954)
 * Hugh Lowther, 5th Earl of Lonsdale KG (1857–1944)
 * Peter May CBE (1929–1994)
 * Admiral of the Fleet Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1900–1979)
 * Field Marshal Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala (1810–1890)
 * Sir Tasker Watkins VC GBE QC (1918–2007)
 * Whitelaw Reid (1837–1912)
 * Field Marshal Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts VC (1832–1914)
 * Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill (1869–1935)
 * Maharaja Sir Duleep Singh GCSI (1838–1893)
 * Henry Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort (1900–1984)
 * Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava (1826–1902)
 * Sir Denis Thatcher, 1st Baronet MBE, TD (1915–2003)
 * Andrew Vicari (1938–2016)
 * Tony Lewis CBE (born 1938)
 * Michael "Micky" Steele-Bodger CBE (1925–2019)
 * John Stevens, Baron Stevens of Kirkwhelpington KStJ QPM DL FRSA (born 1942)
 * Geoffrey Dear, Baron Dear, QPM, DL (born 1937)
 * Sir Peter Yarranton (1924–2003)
 * Sir Pelham Francis Warner (1873–1963)

In fiction
J. K. Stanford, creator of George Hysteron-Proteron, wrote in 1964 that "George... owed his origin to a face in the East India Club... On one occasion at breakfast he sent for the waiter and said, in my hearing, 'Didn't I order mutton cutlets with blood? There's no blood in these! Take them away!' "

Trivia

 * George IV (as Prince Regent) was presented with the Waterloo Victory Despatch in the building which stood on the site. He then announced the news from the balcony of that building, at the end roughly occupied by the present-day Ladies' Drawing Room.
 * Queen Caroline rented and stayed at No. 17, St James's Square (part of the club's present site) during her "Pains and Penalties" trial.

title: East India Club


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Helsingborgs IF

Helsingborgs Idrottsförening, commonly referred to as Helsingborgs IF, Helsingborg or (especially locally ) HIF, is a Swedish professional football club located in Helsingborg. They play in the Swedish second tier, Superettan, following relegation in the 2022 Allsvenskan season. Formed in 1907, the club has won five national championship titles and five national cup titles. Helsingborgs IF have also won Allsvenskan on two occasions when the title of Swedish champions was not decided by the outcome of that league.

Helsingborg was a founder member of Allsvenskan, and between 1924 and 1968 they spent all but two seasons in the top division, and won the league five times. At the end of the 1968 season, HIF were relegated, and while most people initially expected a quick return, they went on to spend the next 24 seasons in the lower leagues before finally getting promoted back to the top flight in 1992. Having returned to Allsvenskan in 1993, Helsingborg remained in the top division until 2016, winning the league twice in 1999 and 2011. They again returned to the top division twice in 2019 and 2022.

The club is affiliated to the Skånes Fotbollförbund.

History

Helsingborgs IF was formed in 1907 as a result of the merger of Svithiod and Stattena (not to be confused with the Stattena IF of today), and the club played their first game on 6 June 1907, beating neighbours IFK Helsingborg 6–2. Otto Malm was a star of the team; in the 1911–12 season he scored 69 goals in only 24 games. At the end of his time at Helsingborgs IF he had played 500 games and scored 735 goals. The year after the club's formation, John Pettersson joined as club president, and during his tenure the club won the league five times. The year after, the club changed their kit from white shirts and blue shorts to red shirts and blue shorts, as well as winning the Scandinavian Championships. In 1914, the club lost in the final of the Swedish Cup and also in the Svenssons Cup. That year the club was invited to play in the Swedish Series, but declined because they thought that playing friendlies brought higher attendances. Additionally, the club's players were part-time, meaning that regular away matches would have been impractical. On 30 May 1915, the club lost 5–4 to Gӧta in the District Championships. 1918 again saw the club finish second in the Swedish Cup, after losing to IFK Göteborg in the final.

At the time of the club's relegation second division in 1968, Helsingborg IF was the current leader of the Allsvenskan marathon table. In 1969 the club won their second division league, but ultimately failed to qualify for Allsvenskan and the following year of 1970 would become the beginning of the club's most difficult period. In August 1970, things seemed to be at the lowest point after losing the top match to hungry local rivals Landskrona BoIS. This led to the rival club winning the second division, and later qualifying for Allsvenskan. This caused a number of notable players to either quit or move and some HIF-players even moved to Landskrona BoIS, which during the following decade became the primary club in North-West Scania.

1971 brought a new low for HIF when another relegation struck, and HIF would play the coming season in the third division. The Swedish third tier in the early 1970s was very far from the modern professional football, and Division 3 in 1971 comprised some dozen regional leagues. The 1972 season would prove to be even a new low, with HIF losing to Gunnarstorp, a small local club located some 20 km outside the city limits, and ultimately failing immediate promotion from third tier. The club spent more than two decades outside the finest Swedish football assembly, but returned to Allsvenskan after a successful qualification against GIF Sundsvall by November 1992 with much help from young, future star player, Henrik Larsson.

With the arrival of Norwegian manager Åge Hareide things started to look bright for the first time in many years. During Hareide's first year HIF finished 2nd in the league and won Allsvenskan in 1999, for the first time since 1941 and had a successful spell in the UEFA Champions League, definitely bringing Helsingborg back to the top of Swedish football.

The following years between 2003 and 2010 HIF could not reach any success in Allsvenskan with only a fourth place to show for, however winning the Swedish cup in 2007 in returning Henrik Larsson's first season. In 2010 HIF finished second after rivals Malmö FF, but the following year would mean regained glory as Helsingborg won the Allsvenskan. The SM-gold was followed up by another 4 domestic titles, leading to Helsingborg winning five consecutive domestic titles in a row, including the first ever Swedish treble, in the 2011 season.

In 2016 HIF was relegated to Swedish Superettan after failing to beat Halmstads BK in the two qualifying games, and spent two seasons in the second division, before re-entering Allsvenskan ahead of the 2019 season. HIF finished 10th in their returning season.

International competitions
HIF's second place in Allsvenskan of 1995 meant that HIF, for the first time, would qualify to enter European football competition. In the 1996–97 Uefa cup the team managed to reach third round where Belgian side RSC Anderlecht proved a number too large, and after 0–0 at Olympia followed by a 0–1 loss at Constant Vanden Stock, Anderlecht moved through.

During the season of 1998 Helsingborg entered the UEFA Cup Winners Cup for the first and only time by beating Vaduz in the qualifying round. In the main competition Chelsea F.C. awaited. After two close games, the series again ended in a 0–1 defeat after Frank Leboeuf scoring the winning goal at Stamford Bridge.

After winning Allsvenskan in 1999 HIF got the chance to qualify for the 2000/2001 edition of the UEFA Champions League. Drawing Bate Borisov in the second round, Helsingborg easily moved on following a 6–1 victory, but the following team would be a much more challenging task. Italian giants Inter Milan was drawn in the third and final qualifying round. Helsingborg managed to secure a 1–0 win in the first game at Olympia after Michael Hansson scoring in the 81st minute following a corner kick, and the pressure was on the Italians for the second game in Milan. In the second game, after producing multiple high quality chances, Inter had still not scored when the 90 minutes were played. However, following a missed reception in the 90th minute from Robbie Keane, the ball was deflected on to Ola Nilsson's hand and a penalty was awarded. Álvaro Recoba was given the task, but failed to deliver after Sven Andersson's giant save, sending Helsingborg through to the group stage.

In the group stage Helsingborg drew Rosenborg BK, Paris Saint-Germain F.C. and FC Bayern Munich. After a tough start to the group stage with 3 losses and a devastating goal difference of 3–13, Helsingborg moved into the restart rounds with more confidence and continued on to beating Rosenborg in Olympia, drawing FC Bayern Munich in the Munich Olympiastadion and finishing the series with a 1–1 draw against Paris Saint-Germain F.C with a late equaliser from Helsingborg, after Nicolas Anelka's opening goal. FC Bayern Munich later moved on all the way to win the final in San Siro beating Valencia CF in penalties, beating every team in their home ground except for Helsingborg.

Following a few years absence from European football, Helsingborg made its return in the 2007–08 UEFA Cup. After eliminating JK Narva Trans (9–0 on agg.), Drogheda United F.C. (4–1 on agg.), Dutch side SC Heerenveen was to be the final opponent before heading in to group stage. Helsingborg lost the first game in Abe Lenstra Stadion after a 5–3 result which left most fans in despair for the home game. However, after a confident 5–1 win at Olympia with the opening goal from Helsingborg legend Henrik Larsson, Helsingborg once again moved on to the group stage. Galatasaray S.K., FK Austria Wien, Panionios F.C. and FC Girondins de Bordeaux was drawn. The second group stage would also prove to be more successful as Helsingborg beat Galatasaray in a 3–2 away victory followed up by a confident 3–0 win against FK Austria Wien. Despite losing against Bordeaux in the final game, Helsingborg moved on to the round of 32 where Dutch side PSV Eindhoven awaited. The Dutch team would end Helsingborg's spell, winning 4–1 on aggregate.

Second place in the 2010 Allsvenskan once again gave Helsingborg the chance to compete in for European glory in the first ever 2009–10 UEFA Europa League. The adventure would prove to be short, and after reaching the third qualifying round, Helsingborg was knocked out by Bosnian side FK Sarajevo in a penalty shootout.

In 2011 Helsingborg finally managed to win the Allsvenskan and again qualify for the Champions League qualifying rounds. The campaign was introduced in Wales where Helsingborg beat The New Saints F.C. on 4–1 aggregate. In the second round Polish champions Śląsk Wrocław were eliminated after a confident 3–0 victory in the first game, followed by a 3–1 victory at home with Thomas Sørum scoring a hat trick for the Scanian side. In the play off round Helsingborg drew the Glasgow team Celtic F.C. but after losing 0–2 in both legs, Helsingborg instead qualified for the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League where they would draw Hannover 96, FC Twente and Levante UD. Helsingborg played well in the group stage but after a 3–2 loss in Germany against Hannover 96, a finishing 3–1 victory against FC Twente away from home would not be enough for Helsingborg to qualify for the round of 32.

Fans
The official anthem of Helsingborg is "På Gator Röda och Blå" by Björns Band.

Managers

 * 🇸🇪 Gunnar Olsson (1935)
 * 🇸🇪 Harry Lundahl (1936–37)
 * 🇸🇪 Albin Dahl (1938–44)
 * 🇸🇪 Harry Lundahl (1944)
 * 🇸🇪 Arno Nielsen (1945–46)
 * 🇸🇪 William Burnikell (1947–49)
 * 🇸🇪 Dolfo Holländer (1949–50)
 * 🇸🇪 Albin Dahl (1950–54)
 * 🇸🇪 Eric Persson (1954–58)
 * 🇦🇹 Adolf Vogel (1958–60)
 * 🇸🇪 John Wikdahl (1961–64)
 * 🇭🇺 Tivadar Szentpetery (1965)
 * 🇸🇪 Åke Jönsson (1965–68)
 * 🇩🇰 Arne Sörensen (1969–70)
 * 🇸🇪 Raoul Weimann (1971)
 * 🇸🇪 Arne Hagberg (1972–73)
 * 🇸🇪 W Schnorrenberger (1974)
 * 🇸🇪 Lars-Göran Persson (1975)
 * 🏴 Brian Birch (1976–77)
 * 🇸🇪 Bert Olsson (1977)
 * 🇸🇪 Bernt-Hugo Andersson (1978–80)
 * 🇸🇪 Bertil Hansson (1980–81)
 * 🇸🇪 Thomas Borg (1982–83)
 * 🇸🇪 Rolf Svensson (1984–86)
 * 🇸🇪 Bertil Hansson (1986)
 * 🇸🇪 Bosse Nilsson (1987–94)
 * 🇸🇪 Reine Almqvist (1994–97)
 * 🇳🇴 Åge Hareide (1998–99)
 * 🇸🇪 Nanne Bergstrand (2000–01)
 * 🇸🇪 Sören Cratz (2002)
 * 🇸🇪 Peter Swärdh (2002–06)
 * 🇸🇪 Hans Eklund (2006)
 * 🏴 Stuart Baxter (1 June 2006 – 7 Dec 2007)
 * 🇸🇪 Bosse Nilsson (2008–09)
 * 🇸🇪 Conny Karlsson (1 Jan 2010 – 13 June 2012)
 * 🇳🇴 Åge Hareide (20 June 2012 – 31 Dec 2012)
 * 🇸🇪 Roar Hansen (1 Jan 2013 – 10 Dec 2014)
 * 🇸🇪 Henrik Larsson (11 Nov 2014 – 23 Nov 2016)
 * 🇸🇪 Per-Ola Ljung (27 Nov 2016 – 15 Jun 2019)
 * 🇸🇪 Henrik Larsson (15 Jun 2019 – 23 Aug 2019)
 * 🇸🇪 Olof Mellberg (3 Sep 2019 – 1 Dec 2020)
 * 🇸🇪 Jörgen Lennartsson (23 Dec 2020 – 22 May 2022)
 * 🇸🇪 Mattias Lindström and 🇧🇷 Álvaro Santos (31 May 2022 – 17 April 2023)
 * 🏴 Stuart Baxter (19 April 2023 – Present)

Honours

 * Swedish Champions
 * Winners (5): 1932–33, 1933–34, 1940–41, 1999, 2011

League

 * Allsvenskan:
 * Winners (7): 1928–29, 1929–30, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1940–41, 1999, 2011
 * Runners-up (7): 1927–28, 1948–49, 1953–54, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2010
 * Superettan:
 * Winners (1): 2018
 * Division 1 Södra:
 * Runners-up (3): 1990, 1991, 1992

Cups

 * Svenska Cupen:
 * Winners (5): 1941, 1997–98, 2006, 2010, 2011
 * Runners-up (2): 1950, 1993–94, 2013–14
 * Svenska Mästerskapet:
 * Runners-up (2): 1914, 1918
 * Svenska Supercupen:
 * Winners (2): 2011, 2012
 * Runners-up (1): 2007

Team records

 * Most appearances, Allsvenskan: 349, 🇸🇪 Kalle Svensson (1943–62)
 * Most goals scored, Allsvenskan: 140, 🇸🇪 Knut Kroon (1925–42)

Notable Swedish Club records

 * Biggest win: 13–1: Helsingborgs IF – IFK Eskilstuna October 21, 1928
 * Biggest half time lead: 9–0: Helsingborgs IF – IFK Eskilstuna October 21, 1928
 * Most goals scored by home team: 57, Season of 28/29
 * Fastest hat-tric: 3 min: Knut Kroon, Helsingborgs IF – IFK Eskilstuna October 21, 1928
 * Most hat-tricks combined: 22: Harry Lundahl, Helsingborgs IF/IFK Eskilstuna

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Helsingborgs IF


text:
Neuroglycopenia

Neuroglycopenia is a shortage of glucose (glycopenia) in the brain, usually due to hypoglycemia. Glycopenia affects the function of neurons, and alters brain function and behavior. Prolonged or recurrent neuroglycopenia can result in loss of consciousness, damage to the brain, and eventual death.

Signs and symptoms

 * Abnormal mentation, impaired judgment
 * Nonspecific dysphoria, anxiety, moodiness, depression, crying, fear of dying, suicidal thoughts
 * Negativism, irritability, belligerence, combativeness, rage
 * Personality change, emotional lability
 * Fatigue, weakness, apathy, lethargy, daydreaming
 * Confusion, amnesia, dizziness, delirium
 * Staring, "glassy" look, blurred vision, double vision
 * Automatic behavior
 * Difficulty speaking, slurred speech
 * Ataxia, incoordination, sometimes mistaken for "drunkenness"
 * Focal or general motor deficit, paralysis, hemiparesis
 * Paresthesia, headache
 * Stupor, coma, abnormal breathing
 * Generalized or focal seizures
 * Plasma glucose 20 mg/dL (1.1 mmol/L) or lower

Not all of the above manifestations occur in every case of hypoglycemia. There is no consistent order to the appearance of the symptoms. Specific manifestations vary by age and by the severity of the hypoglycemia. In older children and adults, moderately severe hypoglycemia can resemble mania, mental illness, drug intoxication, or drunkenness. In the elderly, hypoglycemia can produce focal stroke-like effects or a hard-to-define malaise. The symptoms of a single person do tend to be similar from episode to episode.

In the large majority of cases, hypoglycemia severe enough to cause seizures or unconsciousness can be reversed without obvious harm to the brain. Cases of death or permanent neurological damage occurring with a single episode have usually involved prolonged, untreated unconsciousness, interference with breathing, severe concurrent disease, or some other type of vulnerability. Nevertheless, brain damage or death has occasionally resulted from severe hypoglycemia.

Metabolic responses
Most neurons have the ability to use other fuels besides glucose (e.g. lactic acid, ketones). Knowledge of the "switchover" process is incomplete. The most severe neuroglycopenic symptoms occur with hypoglycemia caused by excess insulin because insulin reduces the availability of other fuels by suppressing ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis.

A few types of specialized neurons, especially in the hypothalamus, act as glucose sensors, responding to changing levels of glucose by increasing or decreasing their firing rates. They can elicit a variety of hormonal, autonomic, and behavioral responses to neuroglycopenia. The hormonal and autonomic responses include release of counterregulatory hormones. There is some evidence that the autonomic nervous system can alter liver glucose metabolism independently of the counterregulatory hormones.

Adjustment of efficiency of transfer of glucose from blood across the blood–brain barrier into the central nervous system represents a third form of compensation which occurs more gradually. Levels of glucose within the central nervous system are normally lower than the blood, regulated by an incompletely understood transfer process. Chronic hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia seems to result in an increase or decrease in efficiency of transfer to maintain CNS levels of glucose within an optimal range.

In both young and old individuals, the brain may habituate to low glucose levels with a reduction of noticeable symptoms, sometimes despite neuroglycopenic impairment. In insulin-dependent diabetic patients this phenomenon is termed hypoglycemia unawareness and is a significant clinical problem when improved glycemic control is attempted. Another aspect of this phenomenon occurs in type I glycogenosis, when chronic hypoglycemia before diagnosis may be better tolerated than acute hypoglycemia after treatment is underway.

Neuroglycopenia without hypoglycemia
A rare metabolic disease of the blood-brain glucose transport system has been described in which severe neuroglycopenic effects occurred despite normal blood glucose levels. Low levels of glucose were discovered in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a condition referred to as hypoglycorrhachia [or hypoglycorrhacia].

Hypoglycorrhachia is associated with Glucose transporter type 1 GLUT1 deficiency syndrome (De Vivo disease).

Perhaps a much more common example of the same phenomenon occurs in the people with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes who develop symptoms of hypoglycemia at levels of blood glucose which are normal for most people.

title: Neuroglycopenia


text:
Greg de Vries

Gregory de Vries (born January 4, 1973) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played over 800 games with six teams in the National Hockey League (NHL). de Vries won the Stanley Cup with the Colorado Avalanche in 2000–01 season.

Playing career
de Vries grew up playing minor hockey in his hometown of Sundridge, Ontario in the OMHA's Georgian Bay-Parry Sound Minor hockey league. In Bantam, he played for the North Bay Cortina Astros AAA club in 1988–89. The following year, de Vries signed with the Aurora Eagles Jr.A. club of the OHA.

In May 1990, de Vries was drafted in the third round (35th overall) by the Niagara Falls Thunder in the OHL Priority Selection. de Vries, however, decided that he would forego major junior hockey and pursue an NCAA scholarship.

The following season (1990–91), de Vries signed with the Stratford Cullitons Jr.B. club and teamed with future NHL defenseman, Chris Pronger.

In 1991–92, de Vries accepted a scholarship at Bowling Green State University (CCHA). He left BGSU for the OHL Niagara Falls Thunder in September 1992.

Undrafted, de Vries was signed by the Edmonton Oilers on March 20, 1994, as a free agent. de Vries was signed from junior team Niagara Falls Thunder of the Ontario Hockey League and made his professional debut at the end of the 1993–94 season with Oilers affiliate, the Cape Breton Oilers of the American Hockey League (AHL).

On October 1, 1998, de Vries was traded by the Oilers, along with Drake Berehowsky and Éric Fichaud to the Nashville Predators for Jim Dowd and Mikhail Shtalenkov, but less than a month later on October 24 was traded to the Colorado Avalanche for a second-round draft pick. He played five seasons in Colorado, becoming a fixture in the Avalanche defense and winning the Stanley Cup in 2001.

On July 14, 2003, he left the Avalanche and signed as a free agent with the New York Rangers for the 2003–04 season. de Vries however, was traded at the deadline on March 9, 2004, to the Ottawa Senators for Karel Rachunek and prospect Alexandre Giroux. While brought in to help the Senators in the playoffs, they lost in the first round.

After the 2004 NHL Lockout, he was traded by the Senators along with Marián Hossa on August 23, 2005, to the Atlanta Thrashers for Dany Heatley. de Vries' inclusion in that deal was strictly financial, as Senators' management deemed his on-ice performance was not in line with his big contract. After two seasons with the Thrashers, de Vries left as a free agent and signed with former team the Nashville Predators on July 2, 2007.

He currently resides in Stratford, Ontario with his wife, and three children.

title: Greg de Vries


text:
Kiess (crater)

Kiess is a lunar impact crater next to the southern border of the Mare Smythii, near the eastern limb of the Moon. It is located to the east of the crater Kästner, and to the north of Dale and Kreiken.

The interior floor of this crater has been flooded by lava, leaving only a narrow rim above the surface. This surface has a low albedo, and is as dark as the neighboring mare. There is a break in the northeastern rim of Kiess where the crater is nearly attached to the somewhat smaller Widmannstätten, another flooded formation. The overall shape of the rim is slightly elongated in longitude, but it is not overlaid by other craters of note. There are a low ridges on the western interior floor that are concentric to the inner wall.

The craters Kiess and Widmannstätten were referred to as Wright Brothers, such as by the crew of Apollo 17, prior to being officially named by the IAU in 1973.

title: Kiess (crater)


text:
Tatiana Gritsi-Milliex

Tatiana Gritsi-Milliex (Τατιάνα Γκρίτση-Μιλλιέξ; 1920 – 14 February 2005) was a Greek novelist and journalist.

Biography
Gritsi-Milliex was born in Athens and studied at the University of Athens, but quit her studies after a short time. She went on to study French and phonetics at the French institute where she met her husband Roger Milliex (4 July 1913 – 7 July 2006), and with whom she had two children.

During the Axis occupation of Greece she became a volunteer for the Greek Red Cross.

The Milliex couple left for France in 1945 and returned to the Kingdom of Greece in 1947, when Roger Milliex became director of studies in the French Institute.

They remained in Athens until 1959, where Tatiana worked in the center of Asia Minor studies, while participating in various painting exhibitions throughout Greece, while intensifying her writing work.

From 1959 until 1971 the couple lived in Cyprus, since Mr. Milliex was transferred to the Cypriot French institute.

Later they left for Genoa, Italy. During the Greek military junta of 1967–1974, Tatiana lost her Greek citizenship, and thus she joined the anti-junta campaign.

They returned to Greece during the Metapolitefsi. Tatiana worked for EIR (1974–1975), 1983–1984) and ERT2 (Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi) (1984–1985).

As a journalist and critic she worked with many newspapers and magazines. She was a member of the Rakina Academy in Paris, a founding member of the Company of Writers, member of the Company of Greek Novelists, of Pen Club, of the Greek Literature and Historical Archive and many more.

She was honoured with the Greek state prize, the Prize of the 12, the state prize of novel writing and the prize of the Athens Academy.

She died in Athens,

title: Tatiana Gritsi-Milliex


text:
Jawaharlal Nehru University

Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU; IAST: Javāharalāla Neharū Viśvavidyālaya) is a public research university located in Delhi, India. It was established in 1969 and named after Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister. The university is known for leading faculties and research emphasis on social sciences and applied sciences.

History
Jawaharlal Nehru University was established in 1969 by an act of parliament. It was named after Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister. G. Parthasarathy was the first vice-chancellor. Prof. Moonis Raza was the Founder Chairman and Rector. The bill for the establishment of Jawaharlal Nehru University was placed in the Rajya Sabha on 1 September 1965 by the then-Minister of Education, M. C. Chagla. During the discussion that followed, Bhushan Gupta, member of parliament, voiced the opinion that this should not be yet another university. New faculties should be created, including scientific socialism, and one thing that this university should ensure was to keep noble ideas in mind and provide accessibility to students from weaker sections of society. The JNU Bill was passed in Lok Sabha on 16 November 1966 and the JNU Act came into force on 22 April 1969.

The Indian School of International Studies was merged with the Jawaharlal Nehru University in June 1970. Following the merger, the prefix "Indian" was dropped from the name of the School and it became the School of International Studies of the Jawaharlal Nehru University.

Languages
The JNU offers education in the following languages:

Governance
The President of India is the visitor of the university. The chancellor is the nominal head of the university and the vice-chancellor is the executive head of the university. They are both appointed by the visitor on the recommendations of the Executive Council. The Court, the Executive Council, the Academic Council and the Finance Committee are the administrative authorities of the university.

The University Court is the supreme authority of the university and has the power to review the acts of the Executive Council and the Academic Council. The Executive Council is the highest executive body of the university. The Academic Council is the highest academic body of the university and is responsible for the maintenance of standards of instruction, education and examination within the university. It has the right to advise the Executive Council on all academic matters. The Finance Committee is responsible for recommending financial policies, goals, and budgets.

Schools and Centres
The Jawaharlal Nehru University's academic departments are divided into 20 Schools and Centres.

 * School of Arts & Aesthetics
 * School of Biotechnology
 * School of Computational and Integrative Sciences
 * School of Computer and Systems Sciences
 * School of Engineering
 * School of Environmental Sciences
 * School of International Studies
 * School of Language Literature and Culture Studies
 * School of Life Sciences
 * Atal Bihari Vajpayee School of Management and Entrepreneurship
 * School of Physical Sciences
 * School of Sanskrit and Indic Studies
 * School of Social Sciences
 * Centre for the Study of Law and Governance
 * Special Centre for Disaster Research
 * Special Centre for E-Learning
 * Special Centre for Molecular Medicine
 * Special Centre for Nanoscience
 * Special Centre for National Security Studies
 * Special Centre for the Study of North East India

Recognised institutes
JNU has granted recognition and accreditation to the following institutions across the country.

List of Defence Institutions Granted Recognition under JNU
 * Army Cadet College, Dehradun
 * College of Military Engineering, Pune
 * Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Secunderabad
 * Military College of Telecommunication Engineering, Mhow
 * National Defence Academy, Pune
 * Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala

Research and Development Institutions
 * Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow
 * Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad
 * Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi
 * Institute of Microbial Technology (IMT), Chandigarh
 * Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow
 * Raman Research Institute (RRI), Bangalore
 * National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi
 * National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi
 * International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi
 * Centre for Development Studies (CDS), Thiruvananthapuram
 * Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune
 * Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Gurgaon
 * V. V. Giri National Labour Institute, New Delhi.

In addition, the university has exchange programmes and academic collaboration through the signing of MoUs with 71 universities around the world. The university has also sent a proposal to set up a Center in Bihar. The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) trainee officers will be awarded an MA degree in Public Management from Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Delhi.

Awards
JNU was awarded the "Visitor's Award" for "Best University" in 2017 by the President of India.

Rankings
The JNU was ranked at 561-570 by the QS World University Rankings 2022 list.

JNU was ranked second with a score of 68.47 among all universities in India and tenth with a score of 67.25 in the overall category by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2022.

Students' Union
Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union or JNUSU is the university-wide representative body for students at the university. It is an elected body.

2008–2012 ban on student elections
On 24 October 2008 the Supreme Court of India stayed the JNU elections and banned the JNUSU for not complying with the recommendations of the Lyngdoh committee. After a prolonged struggle and multi-party negotiations, the ban was lifted on 8 December 2011. After a gap of more than four years, interim elections were scheduled again on 1 March 2012. Following the election results declared on 3 March 2012, All India Students Association (AISA) candidates won all four central panel seats and Sucheta De, the president of AISA became the president of JNUSU.

International Student's Association
The International Student's Association (ISA) is an official Jawaharlal Nehru University body. It was instituted in 1985 with a view to promoting friendly relations and cultural exchange. The ISA has a constitution and elected executive, cultural, advisory and financial committees. All foreign students of JNU are also members of the FSA. The university has 133 international students.

Activism and controversy
The JNU is infused with an intense political life on campus. Students that leave campus are said to acquire a "permanently changed outlook on life" as a result of student politics. The politicisation of campus life has led to a refusal to brush under the carpet social issues such as feminism, minority rights, social and economic justice. All such issues are debated fiercely in formal and informal gatherings. The JNU student politics is left-of-centre even though, in recent years, right-wing student groups have also entered the field. Political involvement is "celebratory in spirit." The student union elections are preceded by days of debates and meetings, keeping all students involved. The JNU has the reputation of an "unruly bastion of Marxist revolution." However, the student activists deny the charge, stating that the politics at JNU is issue-based and intellectual. The university is known for its alumni who now occupy important political and bureaucratic positions (see Notable alumni below). In part, this is because of the prevalence of Centre-left student politics and the existence of a written constitution for the university to which noted Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader Prakash Karat contributed exhaustively during his education at JNU.

2010 Operation Green Hunt controversy
In 2010 a "JNU Forum Against War on People" was organised "to oppose Operation Green Hunt launched by the government." According to the NSUI national general secretary, Shaikh Shahnawaz, the meeting was organised by the Democratic Students' Union (DSU) and All India Students Association (AISA) to "celebrate the killing of 76 CRPF personnel in Chhattisgarh." Shaikh Shahnawaz also stated that "they were even shouting slogans like 'India murdābāda, Māvavāda ziṃdābāda'." NSUI and ABVP activists undertook a march against this meeting, "which was seen as an attempt to support the Naxalites and celebrate the massacre," after which the various parties clashed. The organisers of the forum said that "the event had nothing to do with the killings in Dantewada".

2015 opposition to saffronisation
In 2015, the JNU Students' Union and the All India Students Association objected to efforts to create instruction on Indian culture. Opposition to such courses was on the basis that such instruction was an attempt to saffronise education. Saffronisation refers to right-wing efforts to glorify ancient Hindu culture. The proposed courses were successfully opposed and were, thus, "rolled back." A former student of JNU and a former student union member, Albeena Shakil, claimed that BJP officials in government were responsible for proposing the controversial courses.

2015 Rainbow Walk
On 28 December 2014, the symbolic "Rainbow Tree" which stood for LGBTQ pride was vandalised. To counter the "growing homophobia" on the campus, JNU Students' Union along with other queer groups like Anjuman and Dhanak, led a march on 9 January, called Rainbow Walk. The march started from JNU's Ganga Dhaba and ended at the Rainbow Tree spot. The protestors criticised the 2013 verdict of the Supreme Court nullifying the Delhi High Court order reading down Section 377 of the IPC. The campaign aimed at celebrating individual right to sexual freedom and identity. The march was filled with songs and slogans; the students also painted a zebra crossing in rainbow colours and wrapped trees with rainbow coloured threads.

2016 sedition controversy
On 9 February, a cultural evening was organised by 10 students, formerly of the Democratic Students' Union (DSU), at the Sabarmati Dhaba, against the execution of 2001 Indian Parliament attack convict Afzal Guru and separatist leader Maqbool Bhat, and for Kashmir's right to self-determination. Slogans like "Pākistāna Zindābāda" ("Long live Pakistan"), "Kaśmīra kī āzādī taka jaṃga calegī, Bhārata kī barbādī taka jaṃga calegī" ("War will continue till Kashmir's freedom, war will continue till India's demolition") were reportedly raised at the protest meet." Protests by members of ABVP were held at the University demanding expulsion of the student organisers.

JNU administration ordered a "disciplinary" enquiry into the holding of the event despite denial of permission, saying any talk about country's disintegration cannot be "national". The Delhi Police arrested the JNU Students' Union President Kanhaiya Kumar and Umar Khalid on charges of sedition and criminal conspiracy, under section 124 of the Indian Penal Code dating back to 1860.

The arrest soon snowballed into a major political controversy, with several leaders of opposition parties visiting the JNU campus in solidarity with the students protesting against the police crackdown. More than 500 academics from around the world, including JNU alumni, released a statement in support of the students. In a separate statement, over 130 world-leading scholars including Noam Chomsky, Orhan Pamuk and Akeel Bilgrami called it a "shameful act of the Indian government" to invoke sedition laws formulated during colonial times to silence criticism. The crisis was particularly concerning to some scholars studying nationalism. On 25 March 2016, the Google Maps search for 'anti national' led users to JNU campus.

Swami Vivekananda Statue
The Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi inaugurated 151-inch tall statue of Swami Vivekananda on 151st Jayanti of Jainacharya Shree Vijay Vallabh Surishwer Ji Maharaj and referred as the Statue of Peace whereas the students of Jawaharlal Nehru University Students Union protested outside the JNU campus and raised slogans such as ‘Uninvited Modi Go Back’, ‘Punish the perpetrators of January 5th attack’, ‘Save Public Education’ and ‘Unlock JNU’ among others.

In November 2019, the yet-to-be inaugurated statue of Swami Vivekananda in the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) campus was vandalised, with slogans against the BJP painted on the floor around the statue. Students of the university, however, denied their involvement and termed it an act by some miscreants to discredit the JNU Students Union movement against the varsity administration against fee hike and hostel manual. A group of students later wiped off the slogans painted near the statue.

1981 46 days lockdown
JNU was shutdown for 46 days by Indian government in 1981 after violence by student unions linked to communist parties.

2000 Army Officers Scuffle
In April 2000, two army officers who disturbed an Indo-Pak mushaira at the JNU campus were beaten up by agitated students. The officers were angered by anti-war poems recited by two Pakistani poets and disrupted the muśāirā. They were enraged at the recited lines of a poem by Urdu poet Fahmida Riaz tuma bhī bilkula hama jaise nikale ("It turned out you were just like us") and interpreted the lines as a criticism of India. One of them started to shout anti-Pakistan slogans. When the audience asked for silence. They were overpowered by security and then beaten by students, though not seriously injured. The Indian Army denied the charges and it was reported that the two army officers were admitted in hospitals. A retired judge was appointed to probe the accusation.

2019 protest and 2020 attack
On 13 November 2019, the JNU administration raised the fees of the university. Since 28 October 2019, some students of JNU had been protesting against the fee hike. As a part of this protest, students boycotted the final semester examinations. After protests, the university partially rolled back by reducing fees only for students from families with extreme poverty (BPL category) who do not avail any scholarship. The move did not convince the students as there was no rollback in the fee hike for non-BPL category students neither for BPL students availing a scholarship. To press the administration for a complete rollback of the increase in fees, JNUSU had continued the protests. The semester registration with the revised fee was started by 1 January.

On 5 January 2020, a group of masked vandals entered the campus, destroyed property and beat up several people. This included students and professors. This drew widespread condemnation from the public, with opposition parties, Bollywood celebrities and human rights activists expressing their concerns.

2022 Resistance to ban on non-veg food
In April 2022, a group of students from ABVP attacked the canteen staff and students on serving non-vegetarian food. A clash between students in resistance to the efforts of ABVP to ban non-veg and several students were injured. Delhi police registered an FIR against unidentified ABVP students. Netizen commented this as denial of freedom and a continuation of attack against Muslims in India.

Notable alumni and faculty
The university's alumni include 2019 Nobel Laureate for Economics Prof. Abhijit Banerjee, former Prime Minister of Libya Ali Zeidan and former Prime Minister of Nepal Baburam Bhattarai, as well as several politicians, diplomats, artists, academics, and scientists.

title: Jawaharlal Nehru University


text:
Talk:Martin Prince

Definitively it's Prince(Price se pronuncia /praiz/)--AleG2 12:10, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

El verdadero nombre es "Martin Price", no "Martin Prince". Muchas gracias, Micalet

Anyone notice that Martin sounds alot like Penny Tompkins from the critic?

Supporting Role
I don't think Bart the Genius would count as a supporting role. Would it? Merry Christmas  and a Happy New Year!   Us  e  r:Sp3000  01:58, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

Character bio section removed?
Why was the character bio section removed, with the short description of Martin and his place in "The Simpsons" universe? You can't even tell he's a character on an animated television series anymore. The article reads like it's a real person or something. Pointless change.

Nevermind, it's back. Thank you. GCD1 13:42, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Sexual Orientation?
I don't understand how this fits in the article. Setting aside the fact that his dance in the dutch costume wasn't specifically feminine, only one of the listed incidents even address sexual orientation at all. And even that incident was of Nelson implying that Martin was gay, and Martin saying he wasn't "anything" yet. All this confirms is that Martin's a kid who hasn't matured yet. The rest of the section talks about him being effeminate, but that's not the same thing. (And, even if it's worth keeping, it doesn't warrant its own subsection) Bladestorm 23:22, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

yes i dont see any reason why that should be there either, also, theres a proof that hes not gay in the episode "Homer night out" where bart show some porn to his classmates, martin included, and martin says that its strangly attracting or somthing like that.

This article is written in an in-universe style
It should be tagged as such, but I don't know how to do that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.18.42.165 (talk) 08:24, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

Merging proposal
Not notable, does not meet the general notability guideline (no third-party sources), entire page is merely a plot summary which is discouraged on Wikipedia. This article will be merged in a week or longer if no real objections are made and no efforts have been done to improve this article's status. Androids101 | Visit me!  |  talk  |  contribs   08:04, 12 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Okay, it's been a week, and yet no-one has contested this merge - let alone improve it. This article still should not stay per my arguments above. It's just unsourced material. Androids101 |  Visit me!  |  talk  |  contribs   00:01, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Martin Prince


text:
Talk:Flatbush Avenue

Question
Is there another Flatbush Avenue in the entire world?--Pharos 16:52, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * There are roads named "Flatbush Avenue" in California, Connecticut & even Upstate New York (with the latter carrying a State Route.) - 67.82.175.11 (talk) 09:55, 10 July 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Flatbush Avenue


text:
Talk:Carlo Crivelli

Untitled
Carlo Crivelli lived in Zara, Dalmatia (today Croatia) for a couple of years - somewhere between 1457 and 1468. Why wasn't this mentioned?

Vegetarian? No.
With the sparse state of archival mentions of Crivelli, I just now thought, how would one know that he was a vegetarian? So, the statement as first added in September 2007 by User:62.94.208.230, was "He was a vegatarian i liked poop.". Then his (unwitting?) accomplice User:76.7.179.185 deleted "I liked poop". I've now deleted the statement about "vegatarianism".--Wetman (talk) 00:48, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 03:53, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Dead Christ Supported by Two Angels c. 1472.jpg

Permanent dead link
Reference No. 16 is a "permanent dead link". JacktheBrown (talk) 17:52, 24 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Carlo Crivelli


text:
Talk:Polytonic Greek orthography

Merge this page
This page should be merged with Polytonic orthography (or vice versa).

I've now done the merge. rossb 23:26, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Polytonic Greek orthography


text:
Barfrestone

Barfrestone is a village and (as Barfreston) a former civil parish, now in the parish of Eythorne, in the Dover district, in east Kent, England. It is between Shepherdswell, Eythorne and Nonington, close to the former pit villages of Elvington and Snowdown. In 1931 the parish had a population of 91. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Eythorne.

Alternative spellings are Barfreston and Barfreystone. The old pronunciation was "Barson" (before 1800) and the ancient name, "Barfriston".

At the time of the Domesday Book, when the name was written 'Berfrestone', the manor was owned by Odo, Earl of Kent (as the Bishop of Bayeux). But after his trial (for fraud) in 1076, his assets were re-apportioned, including Barfrestone. The lands were then granted to Hugh de Port (an English feudal barony) for the defence of Dover Castle. The lands passed through the hands of many other owners including Sir Thomas Browne (during the reign of Henry VI of England).

Landmarks include the Grade I listed Norman church, which contains significant carvings of human and animal figures on both the exterior and interior of the church, as well as a very early post-Roman example of the Greek key motif carved on the inside coving. Also of note is the church bell set in a yew tree adjacent to the church and "Little Ewell", a converted rectory which, until 2013, was the location of the centre (house, offices and workshops) of the L'Arche Kent Community which has since moved to Canterbury, though a L'Arche house remains in the nearby village of Eythorne.

Another listed building in the village is Grade II listed Barfrestone Court,

The village is on the Miner's Way Trail which links the coalfield parishes of East Kent.

The village and church appear in Michael Paraskos's novel Barfrestone published in 2024.

title: Barfrestone


text:
Mons Piton

Mons Piton is an isolated lunar mountain that is located in the eastern part of the Mare Imbrium, to the north-northwest of the crater Aristillus. Due east of Mons Piton is the flooded crater Cassini, and to the west-northwest lies Piazzi Smyth. North and northeast of this massif is the Montes Alpes range, forming the northeast edge of the lunar mare.

The selenographic coordinates of this rise are 40.6° N, 1.1° W, and it has a diameter of 25 km. It is slightly elongated along toward the northwest, with ridge lines to the south, northwest, and west. The peak climbs to a height of 2250 m, typical of the peaks in the Montes Alpes, but much lower than Mons Blanc, which rises to 3.6 km. Because it is an isolated formation on the lunar mare, this peak can form prominent shadows when illuminated by oblique sunlight during the lunar dawn or dusk. It is also known as a location of Transient Lunar Anomalies.

The peak of Piton is cratered from a meteor strike, though the crater can be difficult to observe from earthbound telescopes.

There is a pair of satellite craters on the mare to the south that are named for this peak (see below). To the south-southwest is a low ridge feature in an isolated portion of the mare that is designated Piton Gamma (γ).

Mons Piton was named for a peak on Tenerife Island. The lunar Mons Piton is located in a range known as the Montes Teneriffe.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Mons Piton. Both Piton A and B are to the south of Mons Piton.

title: Mons Piton


text:
Talk:Monotonic Greek orthography

Merge this article
This artice should be merged with Monotonic orthography

I've merged the two articles. rossb 22:38, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Monotonic Greek orthography


text:
User:Darked~enwiki

I am a bioinformatician living in Barcelona, Spain.

title: User:Darked~enwiki


text: Category:Citrus

title: Category:Citrus


text:
Paul Almond

Paul Almond (April 26, 1931 – April 9, 2015) was a Canadian television and motion picture screenwriter, director, producer, and novelist. He is most known for being the director of the first film in the Up series.

Life and career
Paul Almond attended Bishop's College School, McGill University and Balliol College, Oxford University, where he read Philosophy, Politics, Economics; edited the University magazine, Isis; played for the Oxford University Ice Hockey Club; and served as president of the university Poetry Society.

At the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, he worked primarily as a director and producer, and also wrote several scripts. He did similar work in England for the BBC, ABC Weekend TV, and Granada TV, where he created the ground-breaking documentary Seven Up!, before embarking on a career as a feature-length film-maker.

In the late 1960s, he attempted to establish a high quality Canadian art cinema with his understated and highly interiorized films Isabel (1968), The Act of the Heart (1970) and Journey (1972), featuring his wife at the time, actress Geneviève Bujold. These films met some critical resistance in Canada, but the trilogy was Almond's most ambitious work and a distinctive contribution to Canadian film.

After an absence from filmmaking of almost a decade, Almond directed three more films: Ups and Downs (1983); Captive Hearts (1987); and The Dance Goes On (1991), featuring Bujold and their son Matthew Almond.

In addition to his television and film work, Almond also produced and directed several plays for television by such authors as Henrik Ibsen, Tennessee Williams, Harold Pinter, William Shakespeare, as well as creating his own adaptations of works by Jane Austen, Emily Brontë, Henry James, Somerset Maugham, among others.

In later years, Almond authored eight novels in the Alford Saga. The final novel is titled The Inheritor, a stand-alone autobiographical roman à clef about the remarkable life, loves, agonies, achievements and awards of a prestigious Canadian movie producer, director, and author. It was published in April 2015 by Red Deer Press.

Almond was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2001, and given a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Directors Guild of Canada in 2007. He was a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.

Almond was first married to National Ballet of Canada leading dancer Angela Leigh, then to Geneviève Bujold from 1967 to 1974. Their son, Matthew James Almond, was born in 1968. In 1976 he married photographer Joan Harwood Elkins.

Almond maintained a home in Malibu, California, in addition to the Almond hereditary family farm in Shigawake, Quebec.

Almond died on April 9, 2015, in Beverly Hills, California, of cardiac problems from which he had suffered for several years.

Filmography

 * Macbeth (1961)
 * Backfire! (1962)
 * October Beach (1964)
 * Seven Up! (1964)
 * Isabel (1968), (Isabel was a box office success and won four Etrogs at the 1968 Canadian Film Awards, and Almond was nominated as best director of the year by the Directors Guild of America.)
 * The Act of the Heart (1970), (Canadian Film Award for Best Director. The Act of the Heart won five Canadian Film Awards in 1970.)
 * Journey (1972)
 * Every Person Is Guilty (1979)
 * Final Assignment (1980)
 * Ups and Downs (1983)
 * Captive Hearts (1987)
 * The Dance Goes On / Le Temps retrouvé (1992)

Novels
The Alford Saga:
 * La Vengeance des Dieux (Art Global Publishers, 1999)
 * The Deserter (McArthur & Co, 2010)
 * The Survivor (McArthur & Co, 2011)
 * The Pioneer (McArthur & Co, 2012)
 * The Pilgrim (McArthur & Co, 2012)
 * Le Déserteur (Quebec-Amerique, 2013)
 * The Chaplain (Sulby Hall Publishers, 2013)
 * Le Défricheur (Quebec-Amerique, 2013)
 * The Gunner (Red Deer Press, 2014)
 * Les Bâtisseurs (Quebec-Amerique, 2014)
 * The Hero (Red Deer Press, 2014)
 * The Inheritor (Red Deer Press, 2015)

Biography

 * High Hopes: Coming of Age in the mid-Century (ECW Press, 1999)(with Michael Ballantyne)
 * The Inheritor (Red Deer Press, 2015. Released in April 2015 by Red Deer Press as the eighth and final novel in the Alford Saga, The Inheritor is a stand-alone autobiographical roman à clef about the remarkable life, loves, agonies and achievements of one of Canada's most distinguished film and television producer-directors)

title: Paul Almond


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text: User:Hug~enwiki

title: User:Hug~enwiki


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Military prison

A military prison is a prison operated by a military. Military prisons are used variously to house prisoners of war, unlawful combatants, those whose freedom is deemed a national security risk by the military or national authorities, and members of the military found guilty of a serious crime. There are two types: penal and confinement-oriented, where captured enemy combatants are confined for military reasons until hostilities cease. Most militaries have some sort of military police unit operating at the divisional level or below to perform many of the same functions as civilian police, from traffic-control to the arrest of violent offenders and the supervision of detainees and prisoners of war.

Australia
The Australian Defence Force states it has no prisons. Instead they have a single facility, the Defence Force Correctional Establishment, which aims to rehabilitate members who have been sentenced to detention for breaching military regulations or law; employees of the establishment are considered "instructors" rather than guards. Military personnel may be sent there for between 14 days' to two years' rehabilitation before returning to active duty; the average sentence is about 23 days. In addition, there are 15 detention centres located within military bases across Australia.

Canada
The Canadian Forces have one military prison, the Canadian Forces Service Prison and Detention Barracks (CFSPDB) (colloquially known as Club Ed), located at Canadian Forces Base Edmonton. Canadian Forces personnel who are convicted by military courts and receive a sentence of 14 days or more are incarcerated at CFSPDB. Men, although in the same prison, are kept separate from women. The prison is maintained and controlled by the Canadian Forces Military Police, although NCOs from various branches of the Canadian Forces serve at the prison as staff. Service personnel who are convicted of less serious offences are considered to be in "detention", and undergo a strict military routine aimed at rehabilitation for their return to regular military service, whereas personnel convicted of more serious offences are considered to be in "prison" and upon completion of their sentence they are released from the military. Serious offenders with sentences longer than two years are transferred to the Canadian federal prison system after serving 729 days, to complete their sentence in the civilian prison system, followed by release from the Canadian Forces. Any service personnel serving a sentence of 14 days or less are held in local base Military Police Detachment cells at the various Canadian Forces Bases within Canada.

Israel
The Israeli Military Prison is a prison for guarding soldiers who committed crimes during their service.

Italy
In Italy, only one military jail now exists: the Santa Maria Capua Vetere. Under Italian law, only those in government service (Army, Navy, Air Force, Guardia di Finanza and Carabinieri) who are under investigation in front of a military court or are sentenced to the penalty of Reclusione Militare by a military or civil court are held there. Those serving in the police corps (Polizia di Stato, Polizia Penitenziaria, Corpo Forestale dello Stato) are also held in military jail.

Switzerland
In Switzerland, there are no special military prisons. Sentences are to be served in civilian prisons.

United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has one military correctional facility. (It has no establishments that would be considered prisons.) The Military Corrective Training Centre (colloquially known as the Glasshouse after the former military prison in Aldershot), in the town of Colchester, is where non-commissioned servicemen and women who are convicted by military courts and sentenced to more than 28 days, but less than three years, will be incarcerated. Women, although in the same prison, are kept separate from men. The facility is maintained and controlled by the British Army's Military Provost Staff (Adjutant General's Corps). More serious offenders with longer sentences are transferred to HM Prison Service as part of their dishonourable discharge. There are three categories of prisoner:
 * Those from the Royal Navy (RN), Royal Marines (RM), British Army, and the Royal Air Force (RAF) who are to remain in the Services after sentence and will serve their detention in A Company.
 * Those from the RN, RM, British Army and RAF who are to be discharged after their sentence and will serve their detention in D Company.
 * Those held in Military custody awaiting the outcome of an investigation, or awaiting HM Prison or YOI placement.

United States
The United States military's equivalent to the county jail, in the sense of "holding area" or "place of brief incarceration for petty crimes" is known colloquially as the guardhouse or stockade by the United States Army and Air Force and brig by naval and marine forces. Members of the U.S. Armed Forces are subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice and are convicted to confinement via courts-martial. The U.S. Armed Forces currently maintain several regional prisoner-holding facilities in the U.S. In the United States, differential treatment seems to be suggested, but by no means mandated, by the Founding Fathers in the Fifth Amendment to its constitution. In former times, criminals in the naval service were sent to the once-infamous Portsmouth Naval Prison, which was closed in 1974.

Organization
Today's American military prison systems are designed to house people who commit a criminal offense while in service. There is a distinction in the male and female prison organization system. Male military prisons have a tier system that is based on the length of a prisoner's sentence. Tier I prisoners have been sentenced up to one year. The army does not operate any tier I prisons. Tier II prisoners, with sentences of up to seven years, make up 65% of the incarcerated. Men sentenced to more than seven years, or for national security crimes, are confined in the USDB at Fort Leavenworth. This tier system based on sentence length differs from typical American prisons which are characterized by their level of security. For women this tier system does not exist. Women convicted of felonies are housed at Naval Consolidated Brig, Miramar located at the Marine Corps Air Station Miramar near San Diego, California.

Composition
Data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics breaks down military prisoners by five different military branches. As of 2020 the confined population by branch was 557 prisoners from the Army, 253 prisoners from the Marine Corps, 156 prisoners from the Navy, 7 prisoners from the Coast Guard, and 227 prisoners from the Air Force. 44 of these prisoners were military officers. A significant number of these prisoners are males, with only 54 being female. A plurality were Caucasian, followed by African Americans and Hispanics. Most of the crimes committed by military prisoners are violent offenses, with violent sexual crimes being 41.1% of the crime. The next most frequent crimes committed by military prisoners are drug-related offenses, followed by property offenses, such as theft. There are a small percentage of other crimes committed, such as military offenses. Military offense examples are disrespect, insubordination, and false offense statements. The most recent data from 2020 of military prisoners has shown a small drop from 1214 prisoners in 2019 to 1180 in 2020.

Incarceration of prisoners-of-war
The Geneva Conventions provides an international protocol defining minimum requirements and safeguards for prisoners of war. Prisoners are often kept in ad hoc camps near the battlefield, guarded by military police until they can be transferred to more permanent barracks for the duration of the conflict. Treatment has varied from age to age and nation to nation, the quality of conditions for prisoners often being linked with the intensity of the conflict and the resources of the warring parties.

In popular culture
Military prisons and the treatment of military prisoners have often figured prominently in modern literature, cinema and even politics. In the 19th century, written accounts of the barbaric treatment accorded prisoners on both sides during the Napoleonic and Crimean wars helped lead to the founding of the Red Cross and the promulgation of the Geneva Conventions.

There are numerous examples of 20th and 21st-century cinema dealing with military prisons. Stalag 17 (1953) portrays the struggles of a group of American airmen in a German Luftwaffe prison and is based on the play of the same name written by former prisoners of war. The Caine Mutiny (1954) deals with the military legal system during World War II. The Great Escape (1963), details the true-life adventures of a mixed group of Allied prisoners attempting to escape from a German Luftwaffe stalag. The Hill (1965) was set in a British military penal camp in North Africa during World War II. The Last Detail (1973) is a film that tells the story of two sailors assigned to a temporary detail transporting a prisoner. Andersonville (1996) and The Andersonville Trial (1970), both TV movies, dealt with the conditions at Andersonville Prison and its aftermath. The Last Castle (2001) shows a former U.S. Army general who is sent to a military prison after contradicting a direct order. Hart's War (2002) features American POWs in a German prison camp.

Some of the late-20th-century military novels of American writer W. E. B. Griffin make mention of the former Portsmouth Naval Prison facility.

title: Military prison


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Godfrey Ho

Godfrey Ho (何志强 or 何致强, Chinese: Ho Chi-Keung; born November 10, 1948) is a prolific former Hong Kong film director and screenwriter. Ho is believed to have directed more than one hundred films, including over 80 movies from 1980 to 1990 before his retirement in 2000. Many of his works are now regarded cult films by aficionados of Z movies as being among some of the most "so bad it's good" entertaining movies ever created.

Aliases
Ho Chi-Kueng wrote and directed under different pseudonyms, and has been credited under more than 40 different names during the course of his career. In Chinese, Ho is known by two names, 何志强 and the less common 何致强.

Some of his purported pseudonyms include Godfrey Ho, Godfrey Hall, Benny Ho, Ho Chi-Mou, Charles Lee, Ed Woo, Stanley Chan, Ho Fong, Ho Jeung Keung and God-Ho Yeung.

Biography
The young Ho started his career as the assistant director for Chang Cheh at the Shaw Brothers Studio for a few years and worked alongside John Woo. His first film was a low-budget production entitled Paris Killers in 1974. It was while working with Shaw Brothers where he met Joseph Lai. Together, they started IFD Films & Arts and ADDA Audio Video.

The exact number of films directed and/or written by Ho is not known, even he is unsure on the subject and most of the films have been re-released under different names. A number of Ho's films were also later further re-edited by Joseph Lai into NINJA MYTH, a collection of 32 one-hour "Television Specials" released by IFD.

Godfrey Ho's last films to date were Manhattan Chase in 1999 (released in 2000), and the animated film Ali Baba & the Gold Raiders (released in 2002). As of 2010, he is now teaching at the Hong Kong Film Academy.

Films
Through the 1980s and early 1990s Ho created a series of martial arts films made with a "cut-and-paste" technique, which means they were created with the help of splicing various unrelated material (including the recurring motif of ninja-themed scenes, often with little or no connection with the already disjointed plot) and dubbed together. Several of the films' titles are an amalgamation of the word "Ninja" and the title of an already existing movie, for example, The Ninja Force, Ninja The Protector, Full Metal Ninja, and Ninja Terminator. He would film footage for one micro-budget picture, and then edit and splice the shots together in a different order, adding in footage from the various Asian movies, and then dubbing over the result to create a final product. This allowed him to create several Z movies with the budget of one, though it is often difficult to discern how much of the finished product was actually filmed by his crew.

Godfrey Ho used American actor Richard Harrison extensively as the lead role in many of his films. Harrison, a European B movie star in the 1960s and 1970s, agreed to act in several of Ho's films in the early 1980s, although this footage was later spliced into many more of Ho's productions without his prior agreement; the damage done to his acting career by this association with Ho's films led Harrison to retire in 1990. Other noted actors appearing in Ho's productions include Stuart Smith, Edowan Bersmea, Gary Carter and.

Ho's filmmaking also included uncredited and apparently unauthorised use of music from Miami Vice, Fight! Iczer One, Kamen Rider Super-1, Star Trek, Star Wars, the Super Sentai franchise, Combat Mecha Xabungle, Kyojuu Tokusou Juspion, and Silent Running, and composed by Wendy Carlos, Vangelis, Pink Floyd, Tangerine Dream, Clan of Xymox, Hideki Matsutake, Steve Hillage, and Peter Schickele among others, as background score in his movies. The song "Just Like You" by Chris & Cosey was used without permission twice in the film Deadly Silver Ninja (1978) while "The Jet Set" by Alphaville was used during a fight scene in the film Untouchable Glory (1988).

He also made some more mainstream movies, such as two martial arts films starring Cynthia Rothrock: Honor and Glory (1993) and Undefeatable (1994), two La Femme Nikita-inspired female assassin Lethal Panther films in 1990 and 1993, and Laboratory of the Devil, which was an unauthorised 1992 sequel/remake of Mou Tun Fei's 1988 WWII shock film Men Behind the Sun (further followed by Ho's Maruta 3 ... Destroy all Evidence in 1994, in which Ho reverted to extensively re-using old footage).

Ho appeared as a cameo actor twice, the first time in Siu-Pang Chan's The Magnificent in 1979 and again in his own Mr. X in 1995 (in the role of Godfather Ho). Godfrey's most recent credit is a cameo appearance in Scott McQuaid's Space Ninjas in 2019, where he plays a janitor. Director Scott McQuaid noted that his B movie title was inspired by Ho's 70's ninja films and he wanted to pay homage to his work, so he wrote a scene specifically for Ho to appear in.

title: Godfrey Ho


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Daihatsu Bee

The Daihatsu Bee is a three-wheeled microcar produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Daihatsu from 1951 until 1952.

Overview
Although Daihatsu had been producing motorized tricycles for carrying freight since 1930, and had also produced a small car for military use in 1937, the Bee was the first passenger car the company built for sale to the general public. The car was marketed from October 1951, shortly before the company changed its name from 'Hatsudoki Seizo Co' to Daihatsu. The Bee's model code is PCA.

The car had a two-door fibreglass, saloon body, and was popular as a taxi in Japan where licensing regulations permitted a lower charge per mile for three wheel vehicles than for four. Power was provided by a rear-mounted 540 cc OHV air-cooled two-cylinder four-stroke engine. It was the first car in Japan with a horizontally opposed engine. The car was adapted from one of Daihatsu's three-wheeled delivery trucks. It sold very poorly, production was highly labor-intensive and ceased after only approximately 300 units were built.

title: Daihatsu Bee


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Joseph DeCamp

Joseph Rodefer DeCamp (November 5, 1858 – February 11, 1923) was an American painter and educator.

Biography
Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he studied with Frank Duveneck. In the second half of the 1870s he went with Duveneck and fellow students to the Royal Academy of Munich. He then spent time in Florence, Italy, returning to Boston in 1883.

DeCamp became known as a member of the Boston School led by Edmund C. Tarbell and Emil Otto Grundmann, focusing on figure painting, and in the 1890s adopting the style of Tonalism. At the age of 12, he began to draw crayon interpretations of published drawings. He was a founder of the Ten American Painters, a group of American Impressionists, in 1897. Following Thomas Hovenden's sudden death in 1895, DeCamp was hired to teach at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but resigned after one year because of ill health. From 1903 until his death in 1923, he was a faculty member at Massachusetts Normal Art School, now Massachusetts College of Art and Design, teaching painting from the living model and portraiture. He also taught painting classes at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. Among his pupils was Gertrude Nason.

In 1891, he married Edith Franklin Baker (1868–1955). They had four children: Sarah "Sally" (1892–1973), Theodore "Ted" (1894–1955), Lydia (1896–1974), and Pauline (1899–). Family members served as models for a number of his paintings.

A 1904 fire in his Boston studio destroyed several hundred of his early paintings, including nearly all of his landscapes.

He died in 1923 in Boca Grande, Florida.

Honors
He was awarded the 1899 Temple Gold Medal (for Woman Drying Her Hair), the 1912 Beck Gold Medal (for Portrait of Francis I. Amory), and the 1920 Lippincott Prize (for The Red Kimono) by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. He received an honorable mention at the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris (for Woman Drying Her Hair). His exhibit at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair — Reading – The Sea Wall – Portrait of Arthur P. DeCamp — was awarded a gold medal. He was awarded the 1909 Clarke Silver Medal by the Corcoran Gallery of Art (for The Guitar Player). He was awarded the 1915 gold medal by the Philadelphia Art Club (for The Silver Waist).

In 1902, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Academician.

Selected works

 * The Hammock - Portrait of the Artist's Wife and Children (ca. 1895), Terra Foundation for American Art, Chicago, Illinois.
 * Woman Drying Her Hair (ca. 1899), Cincinnati Art Museum.
 * Arthur P. DeCamp - Portrait of the Artist's Brother (ca. 1900), Longyear Historical Society & Museum, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.
 * Farewell (ca. 1900-02), private collection. Set an auction record for a work by DeCamp – Christie's NY, 5 December 2013, $821,000.
 * Portrait of Dr. Horace Howard Furness (1906), Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia.
 * Sally - Portrait of the Artist's Daughter (1907), Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, Massachusetts.
 * Portrait of President Theodore Roosevelt (1908), Memorial Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
 * The Cellist (1908), Cincinnati Art Museum.
 * The Guitar Player (1908), Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
 * Portrait of Francis I. Amory (1909), private collection.
 * Three Friends - Portrait of Isaac H. Clothier, His Son and Grandson (1912), private collection. The title has a double meaning, the Clothiers were Quakers, members of the Society of Friends.
 * The Seamstress (1916), Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
 * The Steward - Portrait of George Washington Lewis (1919), Porcellian Club, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Lewis was steward of the Harvard final club for more than 45 years.
 * Portrait of Edward Tuck (1919), Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.
 * The Red Kimono (1920), Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens, Jacksonville, Florida.
 * The Blue Mandarin Coat (1922), High Museum of Art, Atlanta, Georgia. DeCamp's final painting.

title: Joseph DeCamp


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L'Arche

L'Arche ("The Ark") is an international federation of non-profit organisations working to create networks of community where people with and without intellectual disabilities live and work together. Founded in 1964 by Jean Vanier, Raphaël Simi, and Philip Seux, L'Arche emerged as a reaction and community-based alternative to the ill-treatment and dismal living conditions in the psychiatric institutions of the 1960s. Initially formed in the French commune of Trosly-Breuil, it subsequently expanded to over 150 communities in 38 countries worldwide.

L'Arche is a faith-based organization rooted in Christianity, but is open to people of any faith and people with no religious affiliation.

History
In 1964, through his friendship with Thomas Philippe, a Roman Catholic priest of the Dominican Order, Vanier became aware of the plight of thousands of people institutionalized with developmental disabilities. Vanier felt led by God to invite two men, Raphael Simi and Philippe Seux, to leave the institutions where they resided and share their lives with him in a household in Trosly-Breuil, France. He named their home "L'Arche", which is French for "The Ark", as in Noah's Ark. A collection of audiovisual material from L'Arche Trosly-Breuil is available at the University of St. Michael's College at the University of Toronto.

The first community in Canada, L'Arche Daybreak, was founded in 1969 in Richmond Hill, Ontario, near Toronto. Sue Mosteller, who lived with the Daybreak community for 40 years, acted as L'Arche's first International Coordinator after Jean Vanier. Dutch priest and spiritual writer Henri Nouwen also lived with the Daybreak community for several years until his death in 1996. He wrote about his experiences with Jean Vanier, L'Arche and the Daybreak community in his books The Road to Daybreak: A Spiritual Journey and Adam: God's Beloved. The institutional and community archives of the Daybreak community are located at the St. Michael's College, Toronto.

The first community in the UK was founded in 1973 in Barfrestone, Kent, through the efforts of Jean Vanier's sister, Thérèse Vanier. L'Arche Kent has since grown into a community of three traditional L'Arche houses, a gardening project called "The Glebe" and supported living apartments for twelve people with disabilities.

Although L'Arche communities are found in many different cultures and reflect the ethnic and religious composition of the locales in which they exist, they share a common philosophy and approach. People with developmental disabilities and those who assist them live and work together to create homes. The L'Arche Charter says, "In a divided world, L'Arche wants to be a sign of hope. Its communities, founded on covenant relationships between people of differing intellectual capacity, social origin, religion and culture, seek to be signs of unity, faithfulness and reconciliation." The charter further outlines the objectives, the principles and the identity of L'Arche.

All the Communities of the International Federation of L'Arche are committed to living these principles. In March 2008, the international councils of L'Arche and another organization for disabled people founded by Vanier, Faith and Light, met for the first time in joint meeting in Lviv, Ukraine. The international council of L'Arche was represented by 30 people from 14 countries, and the international council of Faith and Light was represented by 19 people from 17 countries, including France, Belgium, Switzerland, Great Britain, Ireland, India, Canada, US, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Brazil, Uganda, New Zealand, Philippines, and Italy.

Funding
L'Arche communities are funded differently, depending on where they are located. In Canada, the UK, France and other developed countries, they are funded by the relevant governmental body. In less economically developed countries they rely more on local donations and on donations from other L'Arche communities and worldwide.

Sexual abuse investigation
In February 2020, L'Arche published the results of an investigation which found that Vanier had engaged in "manipulative and emotionally abusive" sexual relationships with six women between 1970 and 2005, under the guise of giving spiritual guidance. In response, the organisation stated "we are shocked by these discoveries and unreservedly condemn these actions, which are in total contradiction with the values Jean Vanier claimed and are incompatible with the basic rules of respect and integrity of persons, and contrary to the fundamental principles on which L'Arche is based".

title: L'Arche