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Charles Warren

General Sir Charles Warren, (7 February 1840 – 21 January 1927) was an officer in the British Royal Engineers. He was one of the earliest European archaeologists of the Biblical Holy Land, and particularly of the Temple Mount. Much of his military service was spent in British South Africa. Previously he was Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, the head of the London Metropolitan Police, from 1886 to 1888 during the Jack the Ripper murders. His command in combat during the Second Boer War was criticised, but he achieved considerable success during his long life in his military and civil posts.

Education and early military career
Warren was born in Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, the son of Major-General Sir Charles Warren. He was educated at Bridgnorth Grammar School and Wem Grammar School in Shropshire. He also attended Cheltenham College for one term in 1854, from which he went to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and then the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich (1855–57). On 27 December 1857, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers. On 1 September 1864, he married Fanny Margaretta Haydon (died 1919); they had two sons and two daughters. Warren was a devout Anglican and an enthusiastic Freemason, becoming the third District Grand Master of the Eastern Archipelago in Singapore and the founding Master of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge.

Military career
From 1861 to 1865, Warren worked on surveying Gibraltar. During this time he surveyed the Rock of Gibraltar using trigonometry and with the support of Major-General Frome, he created two 8 m long scale detailed models of Gibraltar. One of these was kept at Woolwich, but the other, which survives, is on display at Gibraltar Museum. These models not only depicted the shape of The Rock and harbour but also every road and building. From 1865 to 1867, he was an assistant instructor in surveying at the School of Military Engineering in Chatham. He was promoted captain for this work.

Western Palestine-Jerusalem
In 1867, Warren was recruited by the Palestine Exploration Fund to conduct Biblical archaeology "reconnaissance" with a view of further research and excavation to be undertaken later in Ottoman Syria, but more specifically the Holy Land or Biblical Palestine. During the PEF Survey of Palestine he conducted one of the first major excavations at the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, thereby ushering in a new age of Biblical archaeology. His most significant discovery was a water shaft, now known as Warren's Shaft, and a series of tunnels underneath the Temple Mount.

Warren and his team also improved the topographic map of Jerusalem and made the first excavations of Tell es-Sultan, site of biblical city of Jericho. Some of the sites listed on Warren's topographic map, particularly that of Acra (where he places it in the Upper City, contrary to Josephus who places it in the Lower City), have since been corrected and updated.

In 1870, Warren returned to Britain, where he began writing a book about archaeology. His findings from the expedition would be published later as "The survey of Western Palestine-Jerusalem" (1884), written with C.R. Conder. Other books by Warren about the area include "The Recovery of Jerusalem" (1871), "Underground Jerusalem" (1876) and "The Land of Promise" (1875).

Warren's most significant contribution is his exploration of a subterranean shaft in Jerusalem and which is now named after him, viz., Warren's Shaft. A 2013 publication, The Walls of the Temple Mount, provided more specifics about Warren's work, as summarised in a book review. "'... he concentrated on excavating shafts down beneath the ground to the level of the lower parts of the external Temple Mount walls, recording the different types of stonework he encountered at different levels and other features, such as Robinson’s Arch on the western side and the Herodian street below it. ... in 1884 the PEF published a large portfolio of 50 of Warren’s maps, plans and drawings titled Plans, Elevations, Sections, etc., Shewing the Results of the Excavations at Jerusalem, 1867–70 (now known as the 'Warren Atlas').'"

South Africa
He served briefly at Dover and then at the School of Gunnery at Shoeburyness (1871–73). In 1876, the Colonial Office appointed him special commissioner to survey the boundary between Griqualand West and the Orange Free State. For this work, he was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1877. In the Transkei War (1877–78), he commanded the Diamond Fields Horse and was badly wounded at Perie Bush. For this service, he was mentioned in despatches and promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel. He was then appointed special commissioner to investigate "native questions" in Bechuanaland and commanded the Northern Border Expedition troops in quelling the rebellion there. In 1879, he became Administrator of Griqualand West. The town Warrenton in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa is named after him.

Palmer expedition investigation
In 1880, Warren returned to England to become Chief Instructor in Surveying at the School of Military Engineering. He held this post until 1884, but it was interrupted in 1882, when the Admiralty sent him to Sinai to discover what had happened to Professor Edward Henry Palmer's archaeological expedition. He discovered that the expedition members had been robbed and murdered, located their remains, and brought their killers to justice. For this, he was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) on 24 May 1883 and was also awarded an Order of the Medjidie, Third Class by the Egyptian government. In 1883, he was also made a Knight of Justice of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and in June 1884 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).

Bechuanaland Expedition
In December 1884, by now a lieutenant-colonel, Warren was sent as HM Special Commissioner to command a military expedition to Bechuanaland, to assert British sovereignty in the face of encroachments from Germany and the Transvaal, and to suppress the Boer freebooter states of Stellaland and Goshen, which were backed by the Transvaal and were stealing land and cattle from the local Tswana tribes. Becoming known as the Warren Expedition, the force of 4,000 British and local troops headed north from Cape Town, accompanied by the first three observation balloons ever used by the British Army in the field. The expedition achieved its aims without bloodshed, and Warren was recalled in September 1885 and appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) on 4 October 1885.

Commissioner of Police
In 1885, Warren stood for election to Parliament as an independent Liberal candidate in the Sheffield Hallam constituency with a radical manifesto. He lost by 690 votes and was appointed commander at Suakin in 1886. A few weeks after he arrived, however, he was appointed Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis following Sir Edmund Henderson's resignation.

The exact rationale for the selection of Warren for the post is still unknown. Up to that time, and for some time into the 20th century, the heads of Scotland Yard were selected from the ranks of the military. In Warren's case, he may have been selected in part by his involvement in discovering the fate of Professor Palmer's expedition into the Sinai in 1883. If so there may have been a serious error regarding his "police work" in that case, as it was a military investigation and not a civil style police operation.

The Metropolitan Police was in a bad state when Warren took over, suffering from Henderson's inactivity over the past few years. Economic conditions in London were bad, leading to demonstrations. He was concerned for his men's welfare, but much of this went unheeded. His men found him rather aloof, although he generally had good relations with his superintendents. At Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee in 1887, the police received considerable adverse publicity after Miss Elizabeth Cass, an apparently respectable young seamstress, was (possibly) mistakenly arrested for soliciting, and was vocally supported by her employer in the courts.

To make matters worse, Colonel Warren, a Liberal, did not get along with Conservative Home Secretary Henry Matthews, appointed a few months after he became Commissioner. Matthews supported the desire of the Assistant Commissioner (Crime), James Monro, to remain effectively independent of the Commissioner and also supported the Receiver, the force's chief financial officer, who continually clashed with Warren. Home Office Permanent Secretary Godfrey Lushington did not get on with Warren either. Warren was pilloried in the press for his extravagant dress uniform, his concern for the quality of his men's boots (a sensible concern considering they walked up to 20 miles a day, but one which was derided as a military obsession with kit), and his reintroduction of drill. The radical press completely turned against him after Bloody Sunday on 13 November 1887, when a demonstration in Trafalgar Square was broken up by 4,000 police officers on foot, 300 infantrymen and 600 mounted police and Life Guards. In 1888, Warren introduced five Chief Constables, ranking between the Superintendents and the Assistant Commissioners. Monro insisted that the Chief Constable of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID), his deputy, should be a friend of his, Melville Macnaghten, but Warren opposed his appointment on the grounds that during a riot in Bengal Macnaghten had been "beaten by Hindoos", as he put it. This grew into a major row between Warren and Monro, with both men offering their resignation to the Home Secretary. Matthews accepted Monro's resignation, but simply moved him to the Home Office and allowed him to keep command of Special Branch, which was his particular interest. Robert Anderson was appointed Assistant Commissioner (Crime) and Superintendent Adolphus Williamson was appointed Chief Constable (CID). Both men were encouraged to liaise with Monro behind Warren's back.

Jack the Ripper
Colonel Warren's biggest difficulty was the Jack the Ripper case. In his book, Abberline: The Man Who Hunted Jack the Ripper, author Peter Thurgood indicates that Warren was criticised during the investigation. He was blamed for failing to track down the killer, accused of failing to offer a reward for information (although that plan was actually rejected by the Home Office), accused of assigning an inadequate number of investigators (patently untrue) and favouring uniformed constables instead of detectives (probably untrue). In response, Warren wrote an article outlining his views and the facts for Murray's Magazine; the article also indicated that he favoured vigilante activity in finding the Ripper. He was censured by the Home Office for revealing the workings of the police department and for writing an article without permission.

As recently as 2015, a book about the Ripper case by Bruce Robinson castigated Warren as a "lousy cop" and suggested that a "huge establishment cover-up" and a Masonic conspiracy had been involved. In its book review, The Guardian stated that "most historians put the police's failure to catch the Ripper down to incompetence" but did not specifically name Warren in this context. Warren finally had enough of criticism and resigned – coincidentally right before the murder of Mary Jane Kelly on 9 November 1888. But he agreed to stay on until his successor was in place and continued in post until 1 December. He then returned to his army career. Nearly every superintendent on the force visited him at home to express their regret over his resignation. One attendee praised Warren for his thoughtfulness and his caring for the men in his command. He returned to military duties.

He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) on 7 January 1888.

Later military career and Boer War
In 1889, Warren was sent to command the garrison in Singapore and promoted to the rank of Major-General in 1893 remaining in Singapore until 1895. After returning to England, he commanded the Thames District from 1895 to 1898, when he was promoted to lieutenant general in 1897 and was moved to the Reserve List.

Royal Engineer Yacht Club
Watermanship being one of the many skills required of the Sapper led to the formation of a sailing club at the School of Military Engineering in 1812 and later to the development of cutter rowing teams. Construction of a canal linking the Thames and Medway rivers in 1824 gave the Royal Engineers an inland waterway to practice these skills, with the officer responsible for the canal drawn from the Corps of Royal Engineers. In 1899 as General Officer Commanding the Thames and Medway Canal, General Sir Charles Warren presented a challenge shield for a championship cutter race on the River Medway against the Royal Navy. The Sapper teams were drawn from members of the Submarine Mining School, but when the service was disbanded in 1905, the tradition of cutter rowing was continued by the fieldwork squads. The REYC continues to compete against the Royal Navy Sailing Association annually to this day. The club developed and became the Royal Engineer Yacht Club in 1846, making it one of the most senior yacht clubs in the United Kingdom. The REYC continues to this day, operating three club yachts and competing on behalf of the Corps at races around the world. The club is one of the oldest sports clubs in the British Army.

Second Boer War
On the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899, he returned to the colours to command the 5th Division of the South African Field Force. The decision to give command to Warren was surprising. By then, Warren was 59 years old, was said to have a "disagreeable temper", had little recent experience leading troops in battle and did not get along with his superior, General Sir Redvers Buller.

In January 1900, Warren bungled the second attempted relief of Ladysmith, which was a west flanking movement over the Tugela River. At the Battle of Spion Kop, on 23–24 January 1900, he had operational command, and his failures of judgment, delay and indecision despite his superior forces culminated in the disaster. Farwell highlighted Warren's fixation with the army's oxen and his view that Hlangwane Hill was the key to Colenso. Farwell suggested Warren was "perhaps the worst" of the British generals in the Boer War and certainly the most "preposterous". He was described by Redvers Buller in a letter to his wife as "a duffer", responsible for losing him "a great chance".

Warren was recalled to Britain in August 1900 and never again commanded troops in the field. He was, however, appointed Honorary Colonel of the 1st Gloucestershire Royal Engineers (Volunteers) in November 1901, promoted general in 1904 and became Colonel-Commandant of the Royal Engineers in 1905. A book by South African author Owen Coetzer attempted "in a small way to vindicate him" for his Boer War actions.

Retirement years
From 1908, Warren became involved with Baden-Powell in the creation of the Boy Scout movement. He was also involved with another group, the Church Lads' Brigade and 1st St Lawrence Scout Group, then called 1st Ramsgate – Sir Charles Warren's Own Scouts

He had previously authored several books on Biblical archaeology, particularly Jerusalem, and also wrote "On Veldt in the Seventies", and "The Ancient Cubit and Our Weights and Measures". He died of pneumonia, brought on by a bout of influenza, at his home in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, was given a military funeral in Canterbury, and was buried in the churchyard at Westbere, Kent, next to his wife.

Fictional portrayals
Warren was played by Basil Henson in the 1973 miniseries Jack the Ripper. He was played by Anthony Quayle in the 1979 film Murder by Decree, which features the characters of Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson in a dramatisation of a conspiracy theory concerning the Ripper case. In the 1988 made-for-TV mini-series Jack the Ripper, which followed the same conspiracy theory as Murder by Decree, he was played by Hugh Fraser. The mini-series shows his final act as commissioner ordering lead detective Fred Abberline to suppress his findings on the investigation in order to protect the royal family from scandal. In the 2001 film From Hell he was played by Ian Richardson.

Works by Charles Warren

 * Underground Jerusalem (1876)
 * The Temple or the Tomb (1880)
 * Plans, elevations, sections, &c., shewing the results of the excavations at Jerusalem (1884)
 * On the Veldt in the Seventies (1902)
 * The Ancient Cubit and Our Weights and Measures (1903)
 * The Early Weights and Measures of Mankind (1914)
 * The Ancient Cubit and Our Weights and Measures (1903)
 * The Early Weights and Measures of Mankind (1914)

title: Charles Warren


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Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Gymnopaedia/archive1

Gymnopaedia
Article covers in a compact description pretty much of the links that in several epochs of Ancient Greece existed between Martial arts - Dance - Religion - Ceremony - Performance - Nudity - Education - Gender role - Competition.

Referenced through quotes from contemporary writers in Wikiquote: Gymnopaedia.

Draws discreetly attention to the all-time favourite compositions of Erik Satie, named after the gymnopaedia (see gymnopédie)

--Francis Schonken 11:39, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Object Although made out to be comprehensive, it looks only a bit longer than a stub to me, jguk 13:13, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Compact is bad. Expand greatly. Everyking 22:37, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Object Far too short. Also lacks references.  --mathx314 23:37, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Concur with other reviewers: article is not comprehensive, lacks references, and writing is poor at times (especially the lead reads like a loose collection of sentences). Jeronimo 08:27, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. No way is this a featured article. It is not comprehensive at all.  Far too  compact, and has no references.  If there is a connection between the surreal  "3 Gymnopedies"  and these  Greek athletes perhaps it should be explained rather than "discreetly" hinted at. Giano 10:26, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Object To short, way to short. The external links and sources section is longer than all of the article. Waerth 15:04, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Refer to peer review, for reasons itemized in all the votes above. A "refer" vote doesn't seem to be in use much, although it's suggested in the FAC instructions at the top of the page for just this kind of case (it seems to me). Raul, considering the specific objections made, you might possibly want to take the unanimous votes above as also implying "Refer to peer review". Bishonen | Talk 18:59, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Refer to peer review - same reasons as Bishonen. - Ta bu shi da yu 06:53, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: "Refer to peer review" will only have a chance of working if there's at least one editor who will respond to any comments left. If Francis Schonken, or anyone else who wishes to contribute to the article wants to put it on WP:PR, that would be great. But we shouldn't refer it to peer review unless there is at least one volunteer! jguk 09:43, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, volunteering --Francis Schonken 08:59, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * According to policy, we should. Jguk, if you disagree with the FAC instructions, maybe you want to go edit them, or take it to the talk page? Bishonen | Talk 10:37, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

-> See Peer review/Gymnopaedia/archive1

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Chanoch Nissany

Chanoch Nissany (חנוך ניסני; born 29 July 1963) is an Israeli-Hungarian real estate developer and auto racing driver.

Nissany is the first Israeli racing driver to compete in some of the higher levels of the international racing sports, such as International Formula 3000 and World Series Lights. He is also the first Israeli who participated at a Formula One Grand Prix weekend, on his birthday, 29 July 2005, in the first free practice session of the 2005 Hungarian Grand Prix, when he drove at the Hungaroring as one of the official test drivers of the Minardi F1 Team. He was 6.8 seconds slower than teammate Christijan Albers in free practice at the event. After spinning the car, he was unable to take the steering wheel out of his Minardi so he was recovered with the car.

Nissany is the main investor in the Balaton Park Circuit, a motorsports venue opened in 2023.

His son, Roy Nissany, is also a racing driver.

Career
Nissany started racing in 2002, at the relatively late age of 38. He began his career in the 2002 Formula 2000 Hungarian National Championship, and was runner-up in his first season. In the following year, he won the same competition racing for Szasz Motorsport at the wheel of a Coloni CN-98. From 2003, he started to compete at more international events such as FIA Central European Zone and World Series Lights. In 2004, he defended his title in the Formula 2000 Hungarian National Championship. Furthermore, Nissany signed a contract with Coloni Motorsport for 2004 and he competed in Formula 3000. Since he has progressed at Coloni, Nissany completed four tests – two with Jordan Grand Prix and two with Minardi.

On 2 February 2005, Paul Stoddart, the owner of the Minardi Formula One racing team made an announcement at the Hilton Hotel in Tel-Aviv. At this international press conference, Stoddart announced that Nissany had become the official test driver for the team for the 2005 season.

On his 42nd birthday, Nissany drove in the first practice session for the Hungarian Grand Prix, although his fastest time was 12.9 seconds slower than the fastest driver in the field, McLaren test driver Alexander Wurz. His only Formula One session ended in a gravel trap after a spin. Despite this, he initially complained that the car had too much grip. Nissany reportedly forgot how to remove the steering wheel from his cockpit, and would remain seated in his beached car while marshals removed it with a crane. At subsequent Grands Prix, he was replaced by Enrico Toccacelo.

In 2005, since Nissany focused on his international obligations with Minardi, he had to miss a couple of crucial races at the Formula 2000 Hungarian National Championship which cost him the title by six points. One year later, he regained the title and in 2007, he defended his title at the Formula 2000 Hungarian National Championship. He won all of his titles as Formula 2000 Hungarian National champion, except his last one in 2009, with Laszlo Szasz's racing team.

Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)

Complete Formula One participations
(key)

title: Chanoch Nissany


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Bang! (card game)

Bang! is a Spaghetti Western-themed social deduction card game designed by Emiliano Sciarra and released by Italian publisher DV Giochi in 2002. In 2004, Bang! won the Origins Award for Best Traditional Card Game of 2003 and Best Graphic Design of a Card Game or Expansion.

The game is known worldwide as Bang!, except in France, where it was known as Wanted! until September 2009.

Overview
The game is played by four to seven players (up to eight players with variants and expansions). Each player takes one of the following roles, which are dealt face-down to each player.

 * Sheriff (always one)
 * Deputy (from zero to two)
 * Outlaw (from two to three)
 * Renegade (one in the base game, expansions can add an extra one)

Each player also receives a unique character card with special abilities and a certain number of 'bullets', representing their lives.

The objective of the game is different for every role:
 * The Outlaws must kill the Sheriff;
 * The Sheriff and the Deputies must kill the Outlaws and the Renegade(s);
 * Each Renegade's objective is to be the last player in play. The Renegade(s) must kill all the players with the sheriff being the last one dead.

Setup
Each player is randomly dealt a character card and a role card: there is always a Sheriff, two Outlaws and a Renegade. The Sheriff role card is revealed; the player with that card receives an extra bullet, representing life point. Each character card also has a specified number of life points, indicated by the number of bullets on it. With the expansion, it is possible to play with only three players using a Deputy, an Outlaw and a Renegade.

Gameplay
The game is played in turns, in clockwise order, starting with the Sheriff. Each player's turn is divided into three phases:

 * Draw
 * The active player draws the top two cards from the draw pile. Some characters have abilities that vary the number of cards drawn per turn.

 * Play
 * The player may choose to take various actions in order to heal or buff their character, or attack other players in an attempt to eliminate them. Any number of cards may be played in a player's turn, although some cards have limitations on when they can be played.

 * Discard
 * Once the second phase is over, the player must discard from any cards exceeding the hand size limit. The hand size limit of a player (at the end of a turn) is equal to the number of bullets shown on the player's character card. Then it is the next player's turn, in clockwise order.

Penalties and rewards
Whenever a player's character loses their last bullet, they are considered dead, and they reveal their role card. Various penalties and rewards exist in the game to encourage the social deduction aspects of the game. For example, if the Sheriff eliminates a Deputy, the Sheriff must discard all the cards in hand and in play.

End of game and winner(s)
The game ends as soon as the Sheriff dies, after which the remaining players determine the winner(s). If there are at least two players still alive or the only player left is an Outlaw, the Outlaws win. If the only player left is a Renegade, the Renegade wins.

The game also ends when all the outlaws and renegade(s) are dead, in which case the Sheriff and all the Deputies win.

Players who are already dead when the game ends are still considered to have won if their team's win condition is met.

Strategy
As only the Sheriff is known, it is hard to know who has what role. Generally, a player's role is implied if they try to shoot, or otherwise harm, the Sheriff. Others' roles can be implied if they try to harm those who harmed the Sheriff. The advantage of keeping one's role hidden from enemies must be weighed against the need to accomplish one's goal.

Since the Renegade loses if the Sheriff dies when there are still others in the game, that player must defend the Sheriff to some extent. On the other hand, their ultimate goal is killing the Sheriff. This leads to a "two faced" nature of the Renegade, trying to weaken each side (Outlaws and Deputies) while keeping the Sheriff alive until the end. This also makes it harder to ascertain who is an Outlaw, who is a Deputy, and who is a Renegade, as their actions may be similar.

Characters
There are 16 different characters in the base set, each with a different ability:

 * Bart Cassidy = Butch Cassidy – Each time he loses a life point, he immediately draws a card from the deck. (4 life points)
 * Black Jack = Tom Ketchum (known as Black Jack) – During Phase 1 of his turn, he must show the second card he draws; on Hearts or Diamonds, he draws one additional card that turn (without revealing it). (4 life points)
 * Calamity Janet = Calamity Jane – She can use "Bang!" cards as "Missed!" cards and vice versa. She is still subject to the "Bang!" limitation: If she plays a "Missed!" card as a "Bang!", she cannot play another "Bang!" card that turn (unless she has a Volcanic in play). (4 life points)
 * El Gringo = gringo (slang Spanish word) – Each time he loses a life point due to a card played by another player, Gringo draws a random card from the hand of that player (one card for each life; up to the number of cards in hand). (3 life points)
 * Jesse Jones = Jesse James – During Phase 1 of his turn, he may choose to draw the first card from the deck, or randomly from the hand of any other player, then he draws the second card from the deck. (4 life points)
 * Jourdonnais = "Frenchy" Jourdonnais, the riverboat captain in The Big Sky novel and movie (Fictional person) – He is considered to have a "Barrel" in play at all times; he can "Draw!" when he is the target of a "Bang!", and on Hearts, he is missed. If he has an actual "Barrel" card in play, he can count both of them, giving him two chances to cancel the "Bang!" before playing a "Missed!" (4 life points)
 * Kit Carlson = Kit Carson – During Phase 1 of his turn, he looks at the top three cards of the deck, then chooses two to put into his hand and puts the remaining card back onto the deck, face down. (4 life points)
 * Lucky Duke = Lucky Luke (Fictional person) – Each time he is required to "Draw!", he flips the top two cards from the deck and chooses the result he prefers. Both cards are discarded afterwards. (4 life points)
 * Paul Regret = Paul Regret – The Comancheros (Fictional person) – He is considered to have a "Mustang" in play at all times; all other players must add 1 to the distance to him. If he has an actual "Mustang" card in play, he can count both of them, increasing all distance to him by a total of 2. (3 life points)
 * Pedro Ramirez = Tuco Ramirez – The Ugly in the film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (Fictional person) – During Phase 1 of his turn, he may choose to draw the first card from the top of the discard pile or from the deck, then he draws the second card from the deck. (4 life points)
 * Rose Doolan = She is considered to have a "Scope" ("Appaloosa" in older versions) in play at all times; she sees all other players at a distance decreased by 1 (to the minimum of 1). If she has an actual "Scope" card in play, she can count both of them, reducing her distance to all other players by a total of 2. (4 life points)
 * Sid Ketchum = Tom Ketchum – At any time, he may discard two cards from his hand to regain one life point. If he is willing and able to, he can use this ability more than once at a time. (4 life points)
 * Slab the Killer = Angel Eyes – The Bad in the film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (Fictional person) – Players trying to cancel his "Bang!" cards need to play two "Missed!". The "Barrel" effect, if successfully used, only counts as one "Missed!" (4 life points)
 * Suzy Lafayette = Each time she has no cards in her hand, she instantly draws a card from the draw pile. This cannot be performed while she is under the effect of Duel. When the duel ends and she has no cards in her hands, she may take one card again. (4 life points)
 * Vulture Sam = Each time another player is eliminated, Sam takes all the cards that player had in hand and in play, then adds them to his hand. (4 life points)
 * Willy the Kid = Billy the Kid – During his turn, he can play any number of "Bang!" cards. (4 life points)

Expansions
Many expansions have been introduced since the release of Bang!:

BANG! High Noon (2003)
High Noon contains a set of thirteen scenario cards that are given to the Sheriff, and revealed at the start of each of his turns – the card's scenario is effective until the next scenario card has been revealed. The name is inspired by the Western High Noon.

The cards include:
 * Blessing: All cards are considered Hearts.
 * Curse: All cards are considered Spades.
 * Daltons: When this card enters play, all players with a blue card in play discard one of them.
 * Doctor: When this card enters play, the player(s) with the lowest life points gain 1 life point.
 * Ghost Town: Dead players enter play with 0 life points and 3 cards on their turn, and die when their turn ends.
 * Gold Rush: Turn order direction is reversed, i.e. counter-clockwise.
 * Hangover: Players lose their character ability.
 * Reverend: Players cannot play "Beer" on their turns.
 * Sermon: Players cannot play "Bang!" on their turns.
 * Shootout: Players can play one extra "Bang!" on their turns.
 * Thirst: Players draw 1 card less at the start of their turn.
 * Train Arrival: Players draw 1 extra card at the start of their turn.
 * High Noon: At the beginning of each player's turn, he loses 1 life point. This must be always the last card, and stays in play until the game ends.

BANG! Dodge City (2004)
Dodge City has a set of fifteen new characters and 40 new play cards. There is also a set of 8 "role" cards (7 duplicates) allowing up to 8 people to play. It features also a new symbol, meaning "discard another card from your hand in order to play this card", and a new card type, the green-bordered cards: they are played like blue cards, but cannot be used until the next opponent's turn (in case of a Missed! effect) or the owner's next turn (in all other cases) and are discarded immediately after they are used. The name is inspired by the Western, Dodge City.

The box contains:
 * 15 new characters
 * 1) Apache Kid: Diamonds cards played by other players do not affect him. (3 life points)
 * 2) Belle Star: During her turn, cards in play in front of other players have no effect. (4 life points)
 * 3) Bill Noface: During phase 1 of his turn, he draws 1 card, plus 1 card for each fewer life point he has. (4 life points)
 * 4) Chuck Wengam: During his turn, he may choose to lose 1 life point to draw 2 cards. This cannot be performed when he has one life point. (4 life points)
 * 5) Doc Holyday: During his turn, he may discard 2 cards from his hand at once to play a "Bang!". (4 life points)
 * 6) Elena Fuente: She can use any card in her hand as a "Missed!". (3 life points)
 * 7) Greg Digger: Each time another player is eliminated, Greg regains 2 life points. (4 life points)
 * 8) Herb Hunter: Each time another player is eliminated, Herb draws 2 cards. (4 life points)
 * 9) Jose Delgado: Up to twice during his turn, he may discard a blue-bordered card from his hand to draw 2 cards. (4 life points)
 * 10) Molly Stark: Each time she plays a card from her hand out of her turn, she draws a card. (4 life points)
 * 11) Pat Brennan: During phase 1 of his turn, he may instead draw only one card in play in front of any player. (4 life points)
 * 12) Pixie Pete: During phase 1 of his turn, he draws 3 cards instead of 2. (3 life points)
 * 13) Sean Mallory: He may hold in his hand up to 10 cards. (3 life points)
 * 14) Tequila Joe: Each time he plays a "Beer", he regains 2 life points instead of 1. (4 life points)
 * 15) Vera Custer: At the beginning of her turn, she chooses another player still in play. Until her next turn, she has the same ability as that player's character. (3 life points)

 * 7 new brown border cards
 * 1) Brawl: Play this card and discard another card to "Cat Ballou" all other players.
 * 2) Dodge: Play to avoid a "Bang!" and draw a card from the deck.
 * 3) Punch: "Bang!" a player with distance 1.
 * 4) Rag Time: Play this card and discard another card to "Panic" a player regardless of distance.
 * 5) Springfield: Play this card and discard another card to "Bang!" a player regardless of distance.
 * 6) Tequila: Play this card and discard another card to select a player to gain 1 life point.
 * 7) Whiskey: Play this card and discard another card to gain 2 life points.

 * 2 new blue border cards
 * 1) Binoculars: You see players at a distance -1.
 * 2) Hideout: Others see you at a distance +1.

 * 14 green border cards
 * 1) Bible: Avoid a "Bang!" and draw a card from the deck.
 * 2) Buffalo Rifle: "Bang!" a player regardless of distance.
 * 3) Can Can: "Cat Ballou" a player regardless of distance.
 * 4) Canteen: Gain 1 life point.
 * 5) Conestoga: "Panic" a player regardless of distance.
 * 6) Derringer: "Bang!" a player and draw a card from the deck.
 * 7) Howitzer: "Bang!" to all other players.
 * 8) Iron Plate/Sombrero/Ten Gallon Hat: Avoid a "Bang!"
 * 9) Knife: "Bang!" a player with distance 1.
 * 10) Pepperbox: "Bang!" a player.
 * 11) Pony Express: Draw 3 cards from the deck.

BANG! A Fistful Of Cards (2005)
A set of fifteen new scenario cards, designed by players around the world selected by the original author, which can be mixed with the High Noon expansion. The name is inspired by the Western, A Fistful of Dollars.

The cards include:
 * Abandoned Mine: Players draw from the discard pile and discard on the top of the deck.
 * Ambush: The distance between players is 1. This is only modified by cards in play.
 * Blood Brothers: Each player may choose to lose one of his life points to give to another player at the beginning of his turn.
 * Dead Man: The first eliminated player returns in play with 2 life points and 2 cards.
 * Hard Liquor: Each player may forfeit his drawing phase to regain 1 life point.
 * Lasso: Cards in play in front of all players have no effect. "Draw!" is still required for "Jail", but this "Jail" has no effect regardless the result of draw.
 * Law of the West: Players must show and play (if possible) the second card they draw in their turn.
 * Ranch: Once at the end of his turn, each player may discard any number of cards from his hand to draw an equal number of cards from the deck.
 * Ricochet: Players may play "Bang!" against cards in play; those cards are discarded unless the player controlling them plays a "Missed!".
 * Russian Roulette: When this card is played, starting from the Sheriff, each player discards a "Missed!" or loses 2 life points (thus ending the effect).
 * Sniper: Players may discard 2 "Bang!" cards to target an opponent; this counts as a "Bang!", but 2 "Missed!" cards are required to cancel this effect.
 * Peyote: Players try to guess the suit of the card they draw and keep drawing until they are wrong.
 * The Judge: Players cannot play cards in front of themselves (i.e. Green or Blue cards). Cards that are already placed in front of players will not be affected.
 * Vendetta: Players "Draw!" at the end of their turn; on a Heart, they play an additional turn (but does not "Draw!" again).
 * A Fistful of Cards: At the beginning of his turn, each player is the target of as many "Bang!" as the number of cards in his hand. This must be always the last card, and stays in play until the game ends.

Players must choose either High Noon or A Fistful of Cards as the last scenario card when the two expansions are mixed together.

BANG! Wild West Show (2010)
''Bang! Wild West Show!'' is an expansion released in August 2010 with characters that revolve not around historical figures but rather around actors iconic to the western movie genre. The expansion also includes cards and rules not seen in previous expansions.

The 8 new characters are:
 * Flint Westwood (Clint Eastwood) = During his turn, he may trade one card from his hand with 2 cards at random from the hand of another player. (4 life points)
 * Big Spencer (Bud Spencer) = He starts with 5 cards. He cannot play any "Missed!" cards. (9 life points)
 * Lee Van Kliff (Lee Van Cleef) = During his turn, he may discard one "Bang!" card to repeat the effect of a brown-bordered card he just played. (4 life points)
 * Youl Grinner (Yul Brynner) = At the beginning of his turn, any player with more hand cards than Youl must give him one card. (4 life points)
 * John Pain (John Wayne) = Each time any player must "Draw!", John adds the card just drawn to his hand. This cannot be performed when he has six or more hand cards. (4 life points)
 * Greygory Deck (Gregory Peck) = At the start of his turn, he may draw 2 characters at random. He has all the abilities of the drawn characters. The characters must be from the base game set. (4 life points)
 * Gary Looter (Gary Cooper) = He draws all excess cards discarded by other players at the end of their turn (phase 3). (5 life points)
 * Teren Kill (Terence Hill) = Each time he loses his last life, he must "Draw!"; on Spades, he is eliminated, otherwise he stays at 1 life point and draws 1 card. (3 life points)

The 10 special cards that come with Wild West Show! play similarly as the scenario cards in High Noon and A Fistful of Cards. A special card is revealed every time a "Stagecoach" or "Wells Fargo" is played.

The 10 new special cards are:
 * Bone Orchard = At the beginnings of their turns, all eliminated players return permanently to game with 1 life point. Shuffle role cards and the returning player takes one random role card.
 * Darling Valentine = Players discard all hand cards and then draw as many they had before their phase 1 (followed by their draw).
 * Dorothy Rage = During each player's turn, he may force any player to play one hand card. The player calls out the name of a card. If the target player does not have the card named, he must show his hand cards. If he has the card, he has to play that card like it was his turn, but the caller chooses the target (if necessary).
 * Gag = All players play without talking. Only gestures and sounds are allowed. Whoever breaks this rule loses 1 life point.
 * Helena Zontoro = When Helena comes into play, all players must "Draw!"; on Hearts or Diamonds, shuffle all roles except the Sheriff and deal them out at random.
 * Lady Rose of Texas = Each player may swap place with player on his right. If he does, player on right move to place and skip his next turn.
 * Miss Susanna = All players have to play at least 3 cards on their turn. If they do not, they lose 1 life point.
 * Sacagaway = During their turn, all players play with their hands revealed.
 * Showdown = All cards in hand may be played as if they were "Bang!" cards, and all "Bang!" cards may be played as if they were "Missed!" cards.
 * Wild West Show = The goal of each player becomes "Be the last one in play". Roles still apply as normal (Sheriff may not go to jail, killing an Outlaw brings the usual 3-card reward, etc.), but killing the Sheriff does not end the game.

BANG! Gold Rush (2011)
Bang! Gold Rush was released in 2011. It introduced a new gameplay mechanic called the shadow-gunslinger. Players who are the shadow-gunslingers may re-enter the game as if they were still alive. In addition, this expansion introduced a new resource: Gold nuggets, which are mainly used to purchase Equipment cards, which in turn help enhance players.

The box contains:
 * 8 new characters
 * Don Bell – At the end of his turn, he must "Draw!"; on Diamonds or Hearts, he plays one extra turn. At the end of the extra turn, he doesn't "Draw!" for another turn. (4 life points)
 * Dutch Will – During phase 1 of his turn, he discards one of the cards he draws and gets 1 gold nugget from the bank. (4 life points)
 * Jacky Murieta – He may discard 2 gold nuggets to play a "Bang!" (4 life points)
 * Josh McCloud – Once during his turn, he may discard 2 gold nuggets to buy 1 random equipment. (4 life points)
 * Madam Yto – Each time a "Beer" card is played, she immediately draws a card. (4 life points)
 * Pretty Luzena – Once during her turn, she may buy an equipment for 1 less nugget than its cost (i.e. the first 1-cost equipment she buys is free, unless she bought another equipment beforehand during her turn). (4 life points)
 * Raddie Snake – Up to twice during his turn, he may discard 1 gold nugget to draw a card. (4 life points)
 * Simeon Picos – Each time he loses a life point due to a card played by another player, Simeon gets 1 gold nugget from the bank. (4 life points)

 * 24 equipment cards
 * Shot (3 stock, 1 cost, brown border) A player of your choice, including yourself, will regain 1 life point.
 * Bottle (3 stock, 2 cost, brown border) You can play this as "Bang!", "Panic!" or "Beer".
 * Pardner (3 stock, 2 cost, brown border) You can play this as "Cat Ballou", "Duel" or "General Store".
 * Union Pacific (1 stock, 4 cost, brown border) Draw 4 cards.
 * Gold Rush (1 stock, 5 cost, brown border) You end your turn and play another turn. Your life will restored to maximum.
 * Horseshoe (1 stock, 2 cost, black border) Whenever you "Draw!", reveal 1 additional card and choose the result. Lucky Duke draws 3 cards with "Horseshoe".
 * Wanted! (3 stock, 2 cost, black border) Play in front of any player. Anyone who eliminates the player with "Wanted!" draws 2 extra cards and takes 1 extra nugget.
 * Gun Belt (1 stock, 2 cost, black border) Your limit for hand cards is 8 in your phase 3 (Sean Mallory has still 10 hand cards limit with or without Gun Belt and Big Spencer's limit equals MAX [8, actual life points number]).
 * Gold Pan (1 stock, 3 cost, black border) During your turn, you may discard 1 nugget to draw one card. This can be used up to 2 times per turn.
 * Lucky Charm (1 stock, 3 cost, black border) For each lost life point, you take 1 golden nugget from the bank (Simeon Picos takes 2 golden nuggets with "Lucky Charm").
 * Boots (1 stock, 3 cost, black border) For each lost life point, you draw 1 card from the deck (Bart Cassidy draws 2 cards with Boots).
 * Calumet (1 stock, 3 cost, black border) You are not affected by Diamonds cards.
 * Pickaxe (1 stock, 4 cost) During your phase 1, you draw one additional card.
 * Rhum (2 stock, 3 cost, brown border) "Draw!" 4 cards and regain 1 life point for each different suit.
 * Rucksack (1 stock, 3 cost, black border) Pay 2 gold nuggets to regain 1 life point.

 * 30 Gold Nugget tokens
 * 1 "Shadow-Renegade" role card

BANG! The Valley of Shadows (2014)
This expansion consists of 20 cards, mostly playing cards and several new character cards. First unofficial version was released in September 2011 in Czechia and Slovakia. It was officially released on October 16, 2014 by the Czech editor ALBI check ALBI webpage.

5 new characters:
 * 1) Lemonade Jim – Lemonade Joe (fictional character) – Each time another player plays a "Beer" card, Jim may discard a card to regain 1 life point. (4 life points)
 * 2) Henry Block – Each time another player discards or draws a card from Henry's hand or in front him, that player is the target of a "Bang!" (4 life points)
 * 3) Evelyn Shebang – During phase 1 of her turn, she may choose not to draw some number of cards. For each card skipped, she shoots a "Bang!" at a different target in reachable distance. (4 life points)
 * 4) Colorado Bill – Each time he plays a "Bang!" card, he must "Draw!"; on Spades, the "Bang!" cannot be "Missed!". (4 life points)
 * 5) Mick Defender – Each time he is the solo target of a brown-bordered card other than "Bang!", he may discard a "Missed!" card to avoid it. (4 life points)

3 bonus characters:
 * 1) Tuco Franziskaner – During phase 1 of his turn, he draws 2 extra cards if he has no blue cards in play. (5 life points)
 * 2) Black Flower – Once during her turn, she can shoot an extra "Bang!" by discarding a Clubs card. (4 life points)
 * 3) Der Spot-Burst Ringer – Once during his turn, he can play a "Bang!" card as "Gatling". (4 life points)

5 new blue border cards:
 * 1) Shotgun – range 1, weapon – Each time a player is hit by a "Bang!" card from the player with a "Shotgun", that player discards 1 card of his choice from hand.
 * 2) Lemat – range 1, weapon – Any card (except Missed! cards) can be played as a "Bang!" card on the player's turn.
 * 3) Rattlesnake – Play in front of any player. At the beginning that player's turn, he must "Draw!"; on Spades, he loses 1 life point.
 * 4) Bounty – Play in front of any player. Players that hit that player with "Bang!" cards draw 1 card from the deck.
 * 5) Ghost – Play in front of any eliminated player. That player returns to the game without his ability and cannot gain or lose life points. He plays as a normal player as long he has the Ghost card in front of him.

10 new brown border cards:
 * 1) Escape – If you are the solo target of card, you may discard this card to avoid that card or its effect.
 * 2) Last Call – Regain one life point. (Different from "Beer" in that it can still be used when only 2 players are left, and it cannot be used out of turn to revive.)
 * 3) Poker – All other players discard a card. If no one discards an Ace card, you can draw 2 cards from the discarded cards.
 * 4) Wild Band – Other players may discard "Bang!" card or 2 cards from hand.
 * 5) Saved! – Play only out of your turn. Prevent any player from losing 1 life point. If this saves him from elimination, you draw 2 card from the hand of that player.
 * 6) Backfire – Counts as "Missed!". Any player who targeted you with "Bang!" becomes a target of "Bang!".
 * 7) Tornado – Each player passes 2 cards of his choice to the left.
 * 8) Tomahawk – "Bang!" at distance 2.
 * 9) Fanning – Counts as "Bang!" at range. All players (except you) at distance 1 from primary target are also the target of "Bang!".
 * 10) Aim – Play together with a "Bang!" card. If the target player doesn't miss, he loses 2 life points instead 1. Only 1 "Missed!" is need to avoid this. (2 "Missed!" in the case of Slab The Killer).

BANG! Armed & Dangerous (2017)
New game mechanic in this expansion includes a new type of resource called Load.

 * 8 characters
 * 1) Al Preacher – Each time another player plays a blue or orange-bordered card, Al may pay 2 Loads to draw 1 card from the deck. (4 life points)
 * 2) Bass Grevees – Once during his turn, he may discard 1 card from his hand to add 2 Loads to one of his cards. (4 life points)
 * 3) Bloody Mary – Each time her "Bang!" is "Missed!", she draws 1 card from the deck. (4 life points)
 * 4) Frankie Canton – Once during his turn, he may take 1 Load from any card and move it to his Load stock. (4 life points)
 * 5) Julie Cutter – Each time she loses a life point due to a card played by another player, she must "Draw!"; on Hearts or Diamonds, that player is the target of a "Bang!" (4 life points)
 * 6) Ms. Abigail – Brown-bordered cards with values J, Q, K and A played by other players do not affect her when she is the only target. (4 life points)
 * 7) Mexicali Kid – Once during his turn, he may pay 2 Loads to shoot an extra "Bang!". (4 life points)
 * 8) Red Ringo – He starts with 4 Loads. During his turn, he may move up to 2 Loads from his Load stock to his cards. (5 life points)

 * 13 orange-border card
 * 1) Ace up the Sleeve – 2 Loads: Draw 1 card from the deck.
 * 2) Bandolier – 1 Load: Once during your turn, you may play one extra "Bang!" card.
 * 3) Big Fifty – 1 Load: Cancel the target player's ability and cards in play. (weapon, 6 range)
 * 4) Bell Tower – 1 Load: You can use your next card with distance 1 to all other players.
 * 5) Thunderer  – (weapon, 3 range)- 1 Load: Get your used "Bang!" back.
 * 6) Tumbleweed – 1 Load: Force a player to "Draw!" one more time.
 * 7) Crate - 2 Loads: Counts as "Missed!".
 * 8) Bomb - The player must "Draw!"; on Hearts or Diamonds, give it to another player. Otherwise, remove 2 loads. If the player has no more loads, lose 2 life points.
 * 9) Buntline Special – (weapon, 2 range) 1 Load: If the "Bang!" is missed, the target must discard one card.
 * 10) Whip - 3 Loads: Discard any card.
 * 11) Beer Keg - 3 Loads: Gain 1 life point.
 * 12) Lock Pick - 3 Loads: Draw 1 card from any player.
 * 13) Double Barrel – (weapon, 1 range) - 1 Load: If you use a Diamonds "Bang!" card, the target cannot use "Missed!".

 * 32 Load tokens

BANG! Great Train Robbery (2021)
Bang! Great Train Robbery was released in 2021. It introduces Station, Railcar, and Locomotive cards to the game.

The box contains:
 * 16 Railcar Cards
 * 1) Baggage Car: Discard this for a "Missed!", "Panic!", "Cat Ballou", or an extra "Bang!"
 * 2) Caboose: You may discard one of your other blue-bordered card (including Railcar) as a "Missed!"
 * 3) Cattle Truck: Discard this to look at the top 3 discarded cards and draw 1.
 * 4) Circus Wagon: Discard this to make each other player discard one of their cards in play.
 * 5) Coal Hopper: Discard this to draw 1 card and discard 1 Railcar in play in front of any player of your choice.
 * 6) Dining Car: At the start of your turn, "Draw!": Hearts = regain 1 life point.
 * 7) Express Car: Discard this card: Your turn ends immediately. Discard all the cards in your hand, then play another turn.
 * 8) Ghost Car: Play on anyone except the Sheriff. If you are eliminated, you stay in play instead, but you cannot gain or lose any life points.
 * 9) Lounge Car: Discard this to draw 2 Railcars form the deck, put 1 into play in front of you and put the other in front of another player.
 * 10) Lumber Flatcar: Play on any player. You see all other players at distance +1.
 * 11) Mail Car: Discard this to draw 3 cards and give 1 of them to a player of your choice.
 * 12) Observation Car: You view others at distance - 1. Others view you at distance +1.
 * 13) Passenger Car: Discard this to draw 1 card (in play or in hand) from any other player of your choice.
 * 14) Prisoner Car: You are not affected by Indians! and Duel careds played by other players.
 * 15) Private Car: While your hand is empty, you cannot be the target of "Bang!" cards.
 * 16) Sleeper Car: Once each turn, you may discard one of your other blue-bordered card (including a Railcar) as an additional "Bang!"

 * 1 Locomotive Card
 * 1) Ironhorse (front): At the End of the Line, each player is the target of a "Bang!"
 * 2) Leland (back): At the End of the Line, this acts as a General Store.

 * 14 Station Tiles
 * 1) Boom Town: Discard a "Bang!" card.
 * 2) Catico: Discard a "Cat Ballou" or a "Panic!" card.
 * 3) Creepy Creek: Discard a card of Spades.
 * 4) Crown's Hole: Discard a "Beer" Card.
 * 5) Deathwood: Discard a blue-bordered card.
 * 6) Dodgeville: Discard a "Missed!" card.
 * 7) Fort Wroth: Discard a card with value 10, J, Q, K, or A.
 * 8) Frisco: Discard a card of Clubs.
 * 9) Miner's Oath: Discard a card of Diamonds.
 * 10) San Tafe: Discard a card of Hearts.
 * 11) Tombrock: Lose 1 life (unless you have one life point).
 * 12) Virginia Town: Discard any two cards.
 * 13) Yooma: Discard a card with value 2 through 9 (inclusive).
 * 14) Extra, customizable Station tile (You can decide what effect it has).

 * 8 Characters
 * 1) Benny Brawler: During his turn, he may take any number of Railcars from the train.
 * 2) Evan Babbit: When he is the target of a "Bang!" card, he may discard a card of the same suit from his hand to divert the "Bang!" to another player at distance 1.
 * 3) Jimmy Texas: At the end of his turn, he draws 1 card.
 * 4) Manuelita: Each time the train reaches the End of the Line, she draws 2 cards.
 * 5) Sancho: Once during his turn, he may take 1 Railcar from the train for free.
 * 6) Sgt. Blaze: When he targets multiple players with a card or an affect, he may exempt one player.
 * 7) Shade O' Connor: Each time the train advances out of his turn, he may discard 1 card from his hand to draw 1 card.
 * 8) Zippy Roy: Once during his turn, he may advance the train 1 Station.

 * 16 Playing Cards
 * 1) Dragoon: You may play 1 additional "Bang!" during your turn.
 * 2) Map: On your turn, before drawing, look at the top 2 cards of the deck: you may discard 1.
 * 3) Refund: When another player draws or discards 1 of your other cards, draw 1 card.
 * 4) Strongbox: At the end of your turn, draw 1 card.
 * 5) Cactus: If the card you just Missed! is a Heart or Diamond card, gain 1 life point.
 * 6) Evaded!: Draw the card you just Missed!
 * 7) Full Steam: Send the train to the End of the Line. Double or cancel the Locomotive effect.
 * 8) Knife Revolver: Counts as your 1 "Bang!" per turn. "Draw!": J, Q, K, A = take this card back into your hand.
 * 9) Money Bag: If the top card in the discard pile has a brown border, copy its effect.
 * 10) Most Wanted: Each player must "Draw!": Spades = that player loses 1 life point.
 * 11) Next Stop: Advance the train 1 Station.
 * 12) Switch: Switch 1 of your cards in play with another card in play.
 * 13) Train Robbery: Counts as your 1 "Bang!" per turn. For each of his cards in play, the target chooses: discard it or be the target of a "Bang!"
 * 14) Water Tower: Take 1 Railcar of your choice from the train for free.

BANG! Legends (2024)
BANG! Legends contains “Legendary” versions of the classic BANG! characters with new lethal abilities that can be used by completing feats. This expansion includes:

 * 16 legendary characters (to swap with the characters in the base game)
 * 16 Feat cards
 * 35 wooden Fame tokens in 7 different shapes and colors

BANG! The Bullet!
A deluxe version of BANG!, called '''BANG! The Bullet!''', was released in 2007.

This set included three of the official expansions, High Noon (second edition), Dodge City, and A Fistful of Cards (second edition), along with several extras:
 * A Sheriff's Badge
 * Three special character cards:
 * Uncle Will – Once during his turn, he may play any card from hand as a "General Store". This card is a reference to Will Niebling, former CEO of Mayfair Games (which published the game in the USA until 2008).
 * Johnny Kisch – Each time he puts a card into play, all other cards in play with the same name are discarded. This card is a reference to Jo Nikisch, CEO of Abacus Spiele, the German publisher of the game.
 * Claus "The Saint" – He draws one more card than the number of players, keeps 2 for himself, then gives 1 to each player. This card was a bonus, "unglued" card originally included in the online daVinci newsletter. The author considers this card to be quite unbalanced and not suited for serious play.
 * Two additional High Noon cards:
 * New Identity – At the beginning of their turn, each player looks at the character he is using to keep track of his life points. He may switch to the new identity for the rest of the game, starting with 2 life points.
 * Handcuffs – After drawing his cards in phase 1, the player whose turn it is names a suit; he can only play cards of that suit during his turn.
 * Two blank cards – one for a character and one for a normal card.

The 2007 release of BANG! The Bullet! game follows the 3rd edition rules of the basic game and the 2nd edition rules of Dodge City.

The 2009 reprint of BANG! The Bullet! game follows the 4th edition rules of the basic game and the 3rd edition rules of Dodge City. Does not include player boards or wooden bullets as found in the boxed version of BANG! 4th edition.

BANG! 10th Anniversary Edition
This edition was released in 2012. It comes in a metal tin, and contains the complete most recent version of the base game with the original 16 characters. It also contains 30 wooden bullet markers for keeping track of health, 7 player boards with different artwork, and 10 extra characters.

The 10 extra characters are as follows:
 * Apache Kid, Chuck Wengam, Jose' Delgado, and Pixie Pete (all from the Dodge City expansion)
 * Big Spencer and Youl Grinner (from the Wild West Show expansion)
 * Madam Yto (from the Gold Rush expansion)
 * Colorado Bill and Henry Block (from the Valley of Shadows expansion)
 * Annie Versary (this is a new character available only with the 10th anniversary version): She may use any card as a "Bang!" card. (4 life points)

Standard Edition
This product was released in 2023 to celebrate the game's 20th Anniversary. It contains a storage box designed to store the BANG! base game as well as all its expansions. It also contains a Stick of Dynamite used in a new game variant, 34 wooden bullet markers for keeping track of health, and 8 premium dual-layer player boards with different artwork and recessed slots to house cards and wooden bullets.

Collector's Edition
The "BANG! Dynamite Box Collector's Edition" contains all the contents from the Standard Edition as well as the following:

 * BANG! (base game)
 * BANG! High Noon + A Fistful of Cards – Expansion
 * BANG! Dodge City – Expansion
 * BANG! Wild West Show – Expansion
 * BANG! Gold Rush – Expansion
 * BANG! The Valley of Shadows – Expansion
 * BANG! Armed & Dangerous – Expansion
 * BANG! The Great Train Robbery – Expansion
 * 7 promo cards from BANG! The Bullet!
 * Annie Versary character promo card from BANG! 10th Anniversary Edition
 * New Emiliano promo card named after BANG! designer Emiliano Sciarra

BANG! The Duel
This is a standalone game, without any need for prior possession of Bang! Expansions. It is for 2 players only. One player controls a team of law enforcers, while another player controls a team of bandits.

12 enforcer characters:
 * 1) Alan Pinkertoon: Each time he loses a life point, your opponent's AC is the target of a "Bang!".
 * 2) Annie Oakey: You may play hit as "Missed!" and "Missed!" as colt.
 * 3) Bart Masterson: When a player "reveals", draw 2 cards and choose 1 as the result.
 * 4) Bill Tightman: Draw 2 cards each time when another character is eliminated.
 * 5) Buffalo Bell: You may lose life points in place of your other character.
 * 6) Dalon Ranger: Each time your opponent makes you lose a life point, draw a card.
 * 7) Jango: Each time your opponent changes the AC, draw a card.
 * 8) Pat Garret: When drawing, show the second card you draw; if it is Horseshoe, draw an extra card from the opponent's deck.
 * 9) Tex Killer: Opponent must discard an extra card to avoid your "Bang!".
 * 10) The Stranger: You may play an additional "Bang!" during your turn.
 * 11) Wild Bill: Each time your opponent draws or discards a card from you, your opponent's AC is the target of a "Bang!".
 * 12) Wyatt Ear: Each time your opponent "Missed!" your "Bang!", draw a card.

12 bandit characters:
 * 1) Babe Leroy: Once during your turn, you may draw 2 cards if you have no cards in your hand.
 * 2) Bull Anderson: Each time another character is eliminated, steal 2 equipment or cards from them.
 * 3) Cattle Katie: Once during your turn, you may discard a beneficial equipment to draw 2 cards.
 * 4) Dalton Bros: Draw an extra card when drawing.
 * 5) Jack Ransome: You can play cards on any character in play.
 * 6) Pearl Hat: Once during your turn, you may discard a card to repeat the effect of a brown-bordered card on top of the discard pile.
 * 7) Sid Curry: Each time he is the target of a "Bang!", "reveal"; if it is Barrel, the "Bang!" is "Missed!" and the character who played the "Bang!" is the target of a "Bang!". (4 life points)
 * 8) Slim Poet: Each time your opponent makes you lose a life point, you may discard a random card from your opponent's hand. (4 life points)
 * 9) Soundance Kid: Once per turn, you may discard a card of your choice from hand to draw 1 card from each deck and discard one.
 * 10) Toco Ramirez: You may use any card in hand as a colt.
 * 11) Tom Thron: Each time he becomes AC, your opponent's RC is the target of a "Bang!".
 * 12) West Harding: You may play any number of "Bang!" on your turn.

Video game
On October 29, 2009, Palzoun Entertainment (which acquired the official license from DaVinci Games) announced the development of a Bang! video game. The game was developed in partnership with SpinVector. It was published on the iTunes App Store on December 18, 2010. A console version was also expected to arrive in March 2011 but has been delayed.

A live action trailer of the game was released on November 2, 2010.

Online version
On May 14, 2012, Christopher Gordon Carr's Software Developer Portfolio released Kraplow!, an open source online Bang! clone, which can be played in-browser with chatbot or with other players. Kraplow! features all the rules from version 4.0 of Bang! and is open source.

The Starcraft II mod Barcraft is a copy of Bang! which replaces the wild west theme with themes and characters from the Warcraft, Starcraft and Diablo franchises.

Some other online versions of Bang! have been released during the years, however they have received DMCA takedown notices as they were using copyrighted assets. Some online versions have managed to provide a playable experience by replacing the images such as PewPew! which has been available online since Q1 2021.

BoardGameArena (BGA) is a real time board game online game system that allows to play Bang! along with some of its expansions. It was published on the 23 February 2022.

Lawsuit
In 2014, DaVinci Editrice initiated a lawsuit against Ziko Games, the Chinese manufacturer that had published Legends of the Three Kingdoms, a game that DaVinci claimed was a clone of Bang!, simply changing the Wild West theme and art to that of ancient China. While the court found there was potential for copyright infringement on its initial hearing, it ultimately ruled in favor of Ziko Games and dismissed the case in 2016.

Reviews

 * Pyramid
 * Family Games: The 100 Best

title: Bang! (card game)


text:
Ernest Hartley Coleridge

Ernest Hartley Coleridge (1846–1920) was a British literary scholar and poet. He was the son of Derwent Coleridge and grandson of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Coleridge was educated at Highgate School, Sherborne School, and Balliol College, Oxford. He did scholarly work on his grandfather's manuscripts, being the last of the Coleridges involved in their editing. He also took part in the campaign to buy the Coleridge Cottage in Nether Stowey for the nation. He provided this epitaph

Life
In 1876, he married Sarah Mary (née Bradford) of Newton Abbot, Devonshire, by whom he had two sons and two daughters. In 1894 he was secretary to Lord Coleridge, the Lord Chief Justice, to whom he was related. The following year he published the Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and a selection from his grandfather's unpublished notebooks entitled Anima Poetae. He then spent several years editing and annotating the poetical works of Lord Byron, which were published by John Murray in seven volumes between 1898 and 1903. Over the next ten years he worked on a biography of Lord Coleridge which was published in 1904 as The Life and Correspondence of John Duke, Lord Coleridge.

Coleridge died, aged 74, in February 1920 at Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire

Works

 * (ed.) Anima Poetae. From the Unpublished Note-Books of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 1895
 * (ed.) Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 1895
 * (ed. with Rowland E. Prothero) The Works of Lord Byron, 13 vols., 1898
 * Poems, 1898
 * Life & Correspondence of John Duke Lord Coleridge Lord Chief Justice of England, 2 vols., 1904
 * (ed.) The Complete Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 1912
 * The Life of Thomas Coutts Banker, 2 vols., 1920

title: Ernest Hartley Coleridge


text:
User talk:MathKnight/Archives2

Archives of User Talk:MathKnight from September 9, 2004 to December 3, 2004

I've been nominated for adminship
Hi MathKnight

I've been nominated for adminship, and as we've been involved together editing pages I thought you might want to vote and/or weigh in with your opinion. If you're interested, you'll find the voting under Requests for adminship. Voting ends very soon. Jayjg 00:42, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Happy Rosh HaShana
Hi there, just wanted to tell you that I find it a scandal that the UEFA did not manage to find a day to play the Champions League game on a day where no religious feelings would have been hurt. I hope you do not take offense by my remarks on the Post-September 11 anti-war movement article discussion. I was quite involved in anti-war activities when the Iraq war started and I studied in Geneva at HEI, where Kofi Annan had graduated as well. At the time I often met with a friend who is from Israel, and our discussions were very interesting and I got a lot of new insights about the conflicts with the Palestinians. My friend is not narrowminded at all, and still I had the impression that it hurt him when I talked about the illegality of the war or that it would drive more Muslims into the arms of violent lunatics. I did not know what to do about it. I really like your beautiful country that I visited in '97 and where I met a lot of very sympathetic people. I can very well understand that Israelis tend to accept violence more than Europeans as a means of defense given the violence they are exposed to every day. I just think that one is not entitled to excuse a war of aggression with "defense". Lies at the Security Council are unacceptable, and law has to be respected, otherwise others will not respect the law either. To me and many others it was obvious that the situation could only escalate as it does with unprecedented terror in Iraq and many other countries. While nearly all of Afghanistan was still uncontrolled and devastated, more money was paid for the Iraq war than all development aid of all countries taken together. That way you will never get peace and prosperity. Take your own country, the economy suffers tremendously from the permanent conflict, which is a shame as there is a lot of potential. No fence can solve that. Here in Berlin people are very happy that they could tear the wall down that once separated those who used to demonize each other. Nowadays more tourists than ever visit our city. And compared to Israel Berlin has bad weather, no seaside, no mountains, no terrific religious sites, no desert, very few camels... Life is so much better when you get along with your neighbours. Get-back-world-respect 17:23, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for your kind response. I understood that you reaction came because you got the (wrong) impression that the entire article debunks the anti-war movement as antisemitic and serving-the-Islamists. The entire article was worked out by Joe Mable and in lengthy discussions between us, in order to create a NPOV article. Other sections are treating the reasons why the anti-war movement resists the USA war in Iraq. While they have some good arguments, with others I just don't disagree. There is also a disagreement between us about the basis assumptions regarding the situation. As an Israeli, I might say I know my block (i.e. the Middle East) better than you. I know that modern Europe thinks that almost every problem can be solved through nagotiations and that war doesn't solve anything. The experience of Israel showed that is not always true. There are cases, when you stand against someone devoted to your extermination (such as terrorist groups like Hamas), that no nagotiation will help and you must use force in order to protect your people. The war in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip was forced on Israel, in order to stop the wave of suicide bombers which plauged our cities. The Israeli West Bank barrier, wrongly compared to the Berlin Wall is a counter-terrorist measure which proven as a real life-saver. War isn't the preferable situation to be, and it indeed burden the economy, but still - it is far less worse then the alternativ of countless suicide bombings which scare tourists and investors, and hurting thousands of innocents. Of course it will be a lot better if we could get along with our neighbours, but peace needs two. Most Israelis (including me) believe (justifiedly, IMHO) that the current Palestinian leadership does not want peace. After the Camp David 2000 summit and the al-Aqsa Intifada we felt betrayed. Ehud Barak and later Sharon tried to talk the Palestinian to stop the bombings, but unfortunately, it was like talking to a wall. However, the Israeli military reaction, combined with the fence, reduced the terrorists attacks dramaticly. MathKnight 18:26, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Forgive me my sarcasm, but the government of the German "Democratic" Republic also claimed that the "anti-fascist protection wall" saved hundreds from wasting their life to capitalist exploitation.
 * I share your belief that the current Palestinian leaders do not want peace. But they are only leaders as long as they have support. And they lose support if Palestinians eventually see that violence does not help them either. To make them see that it does not help that when an International Court gives advise the government ignores it. No one said they should tear down the wall, it was just said that the fully legitimate aim to defend Israel could be achieved with less harm. It would help Israel's image a lot to say "we disagree, but we accept the ruling and adjust the line".
 * When in Israel I met a young soldier who was interested in one of my friends. They flirted a bit, but the situation got a bit tense when he started to talk about his time at the military and how he once shot a Palestinian child that had crossed the boarder. When we looked at him in shock and disbelief he just shrigged and said, "Well, he knew that he had no right to be there." I think that young soldiers who permanently have to fear for their lifes cannot be expected to take the right decisions at every point of time. But a government has to take decisions responsibly and apologize in cases where mistakes happened. In Israel the conflict is characterized by mutual permanent violence and so escalated that it is really difficult to find a solution.
 * The Iraq case was however straightforward. There were weapons inspections, and the inspectors said they made progress. The US said they knew Iraq was lying and that there were weapons of mass destruction. They did not explain why although they claimed to have proofs the proofs could not be used to find the weapons peacefully. Some "proofs" even turned out to be forgeries, and as we all know today, none of the proofs really were proofs, as the US still has not presented any weapons of mass destruction. A clear majority of the Security Council opposed the war. However, the US media made the population believe that the whole opposition was to be blamed on Chirac, and that Hussein not only could start to use his weapons of mass destructions within the next 30 minutes, but also that he somehow shared the responsibility for September 11. So international law was ignored and a war started. Who would expect anything else than the trust in the US vanished, a trust that could have been used by the superpower to mediate and calm down conflicts. And who would expect anything else than Muslims all over the world getting radical, terrorism escalating to unprecedented levels, killing more than 1.000 soldiers and thousands from other countries? You may not call Bush the biggest terrorist, but he certainly created more terrorists than anyone else. Get-back-world-respect 18:57, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I will excuse your sarcasm here. Indeed, many Israeli officials claim that the fence save hundred of life, but almost 75% of the Israeli public also think so. Moreover, you can check for yourself that the number of terrorist attack on northern Israel and Gush Dan (where there is a fence) has sharply decreased - to almost zero. Recent attacks were commited in Jerusalem southern Israel - where there is no fence.
 * Israel ignored the ICJ ruling because it felt it was a "sold game", however - when the Israeli Supreme court ruled that part of the barrier path should be re-routed because it harms Palestinian peoples, Israel obeyed.
 * As for your example. You are right, Israeli soldiers are facing hard dilemmas on daily basis - where their lives are in endanger. It sound shocking when an Israeli soldier is shooting a child, but Israeli soldiers have caught in the passed Palestinian children carrying explosive belts. Some even managed to blow themselves up in Israeli cities. This is indeed a problematic cituation, and the Palestinian don't help by using children as suicidal nail bomb delivary system.
 * As you said, the government should find a solution, but it is not that simple. The situation is very complex and the fact that Palestinian terrorist hide among civilians - only contribute to the violence and blood-shedding. So far, the Israeli government tries to disengage from Palestinian population center by building a fence which will block up the way of suicide bombers into Israeli cities, and remove Jewish residents who lived there for almost 30 years. It is very hard and painful. MathKnight 19:54, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree that the use of children is evil and puts Israel in a terrible dilemma. In the situation the soldier told us about he had no indication that the child was a terrorist, besides that it was trying to cross the border, and he did not give any reason why the child had to be shot dead rather than stopped in a humane way. Of course this one situtation cannot be used to judge the whole conflict but it shows that in such a terribly difficult situation errors are committed on both sides and one should try to understand why. I can understand that a young guy who feels permanently threatened does not behave in a way I would regard as morally appreciable from my save desk in Berlin. I also understand that a desperate Palestinian whose child has been shot by an Israeli soldier does not behave in a way I would regard as morally appreciable from my save desk in Berlin either. Same thing about the settlers. I understand that they are outraged when they are forced to leave where they used to live for many years. Maybe some even lived there before the wars and occupation started? I can also understand that some Palestinians are outraged about the fact that Israel will not even negotiate their return to where they lived before the wars. On the other hand I can understand that Jews insist that given the terrorism they are exposed to they cannot accept the return of millions of former neighbours and their children whom they do not trust. But I do not want to expand too much on a conflict about which I really do not have much to say. :::The main point why I was writing to you was that I see good reason why so many all over the world strongly opposed the Iraq war, and that this per se has nothing to do with bad feelings towards Israel, the US or the war against terror. Get-back-world-respect 22:41, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Interesting discussion on article deletion
You might be interested in this:

Votes_for_deletion/Occupation_of_Palestine Jayjg 05:37, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Vote
See Votes for deletion/Occupation of Palestine

Eyal Berkovich
Hi MathKnight, rewrote the article on Eyal Berkovich, incorporating your original article, to follow more closely articles on other football players. Also added a lot of infomation on his career, whereas your original tended to focus more on only his "hot temperament", which I know caused concern regarding NPOV with one or two other users.

Think the result's ok, hope you agree. Grunners 12:30, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * The changes are O.K. But I have added some more information from the old version. MathKnight 12:56, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Violence_in_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict_2004
Hello, the PDT numbers appear to be cumulative, adding each months dead to the previous month. The IDT number appear not be to cumulative. One example is that January 2004 and February 2004 have the same IDT: 16 despite the death toll of 11 during that month.

Why not distinguish civilian vs soldier dead in IDT just as we do armed vs unarmed dead in PDT?

Your thoughts, please. Lance6Wins 14:25, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't problen with civilian\soldier count, but the IDT and PDT should not be comulative. It is clearly written that it stands for the casualties killed each month.MathKnight 14:49, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Okay, I can live with that, happily even!. That was the original way of recording the numbers. A certain individual introduced cumulative PDT numbers. So rather than fight that, I made them both cumulative. Shall I change it month by month? Please respond on my talk page so that I get a tickler. Thank you. Lance6Wins 19:59, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Vote: Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/Violence against Israelis
See Votes for deletion/Violence against Israelis. Thank you. IZAK 09:39, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Support
See Requests for comment/IZAK. Thank you. IZAK 03:15, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

UNRWA
I'm a bit reluctant to get involved here again, but what the heck. At a glance, I suspect that Zero is going to have some problems with it, but I don't want to say much else until he's responded. Just two things though - you might want to run some of these additions through a grammar and spell-checker to pick up any mistakes, and note that Peter Hansen doesn't point to the UNRWA guy, but to some astronomer, so it should probably be unlinked unless someone creates an article on him. Ambi 12:19, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. MathKnight 12:27, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Al-Aqsa Intifada
Kingal86 is vandalizing the Al-Aqsa Intifada page again. Jayjg 08:58, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the notice, I'll keep an eye for it. MathKnight 10:43, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Requests for adminship/Sam Spade
Requests for adminship/Sam Spade

Vote "NO". Opposed to SamSpade's unfriendly views in the Jew article. IZAK 09:09, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Request for adminship/Neutrality
You might be interested in this vote: Requests_for_adminship/Neutrality Jayjg 18:48, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Yom Kippur template
Hi Math, congratulations on the Yom Kippur template which I just noticed now. However, there is one spelling mistake: "Jewish judgement" ---> should be "Jewish judgment", there is no "e" between the "g" and "m". Beautiful job, I will enjoy seeing the others I am sure, if I spot something I will let you know...All the best! IZAK 08:03, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks, but the template was taken from Rosh HaShana article, and table orginaly created by User:Neutrality, so he deserves the credit. MathKnight 17:26, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

"(Israel) in contravention of the Partition plan, began killing and ethnically cleansing Palestinian Arab population. Palestine's five neighbour states then.."
Please see History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict where User:HistoryBuffer insists on inserting: that Israel "in contravention of the Partition plan, began killing and ethnically cleansing Palestinian Arab population. Palestine's five neighbour states then attacked Israel."...When no-one but he says this, and refuses to accept anything else. He also insists on editing-away lots of NPOV's that don't suit him, take a look at please. IZAK 08:38, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I see. I redirected the issue the User:Jayjg, who has adminship. MathKnight 10:05, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Thank you. IZAK 05:02, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

RfC
I have opened a RfC concerning Alberuni. If you feel you can comment on this, please view Requests for comment/Alberuni Jayjg 14:41, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * You have a point. I saw Talk:Al Mezan Center for Human Rights and it was impossible to get to-the-point answer with all his verbal attacks and flames. Also notice that the page itself was copied from the Al Mezan official website. I commented on RfC. MathKnight 18:19, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Sabra and Shatila Massacre
Please note, usual nonsense of major POV edits with no explanations on the Sabra and Shatila Massacre article. Jayjg 19:57, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Again HistoruBuffEr is vandalizing? Isn't there a procedure against his vandalizing? He also vandalize the Operation Days of Penitence page, if you have SysOp authority, I suggest a temporary protection until he cool offs and use the Talk page and not vandalize. MathKnight 20:02, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Also note 1982 Lebanon War for similar behaviour by a different user. Jayjg 20:34, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Shalom MK, got your msg. I'm not a sysop. Perhaps we should start some kind of ADL-project here. ←Humus sapiens←Talk 07:57, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

See Operation Rainbow
You might be interested in the recent major changes to Operation Rainbow Jayjg 23:53, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

HistoryBuffEr's RFC against Proteus
You might be interested in this as well: Requests_for_comment/Proteus. Regards, Jayjg 21:49, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Yasser Arafat
Looks like his sympathizers are crawling out now and they are finally objecting to your category Palestinian terrorists. Any help is appreciated to call the fish what he is. Jewbacca 04:26, Oct 28, 2004 (UTC)

 * They're doing the same on Palestinian Liberation Organization, insisting that it is not a Palestinian terrorist group. Jayjg 16:15, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Terrorist categories
Categories for deletion has two lists of categories related to terrorists up for deletion. Jayjg 20:50, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Could you provide more info on what going on there? MathKnight 17:08, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Image of Merkava
I noticed that you uploaded this image from the Hebrew Wikipedia, and was hoping that you could provide an image copyright tag. I tried to glean its copyright status from the he: page, but as I don't read Hebrew, I had little luck :-) Thanks, David Iberri | Talk 16:19, Oct 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * I am very dissatisfied from this picture and I want to replace it, so I don't much of a problem if it will be deleted. In the Hebrew Wiki there are no details over this picture source or copyrights. It is one of those picture which are hanging around in the net. I try to find better copyright-free picture of the Merkava, but so far with no sucess. Any help is appriciated. MathKnight 17:12, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * If you'd like it to be deleted, you can add it to Images for deletion. --David Iberri | Talk 19:59, Oct 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * Not until a better replacement will be found. MathKnight 20:10, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Yasser Arafat (again)
Please keep an eye on the Yasser Arafat article if you can, as a concerted POV attack was made on it last night. I've done my best to retain any good edits while restoring NPOV, but I expect the vandalism to resume soon. Jayjg 16:54, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Categories_for_deletion
See these six categories up for "votes of deletion":

Categories_for_deletion and Categories_for_deletion and Categories_for_deletion and Categories_for_deletion and Categories_for_deletion and this one too: Categories_for_deletion

IZAK 10:10, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Opinion for IZAK
Please see Requests for arbitration/IZAK/Evidence. Thank you. IZAK 06:56, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

HistoryBuffEr arbitration
I've asked for Arbitration on HistoryBuffEr, and thought you might be interested. You'll find the relevant section on WP:RFAR. Jayjg 19:47, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I'll keep an eye on this page, but please brief about the rules of the arbitaration process. MathKnight 21:01, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, if the arbitration is accepted, then people bring evidence and comment on the case, and then the abitrators rule on the case. Jayjg 01:13, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Israeli peace movement
Aloha. I noticed that you redirected the title Israeli peace movement to Israeli peace camp in September. which I have to admit, I don't understand. The term "Israeli peace movement" is used far more than "Israeli peace camp". For example, Google returns 10,800 hits for "Israeli peace movement", and 7,860 hits for "Israeli peace camp". Maybe you could explain to me the reasons for the current name. Thanks in advance. --Viriditas 06:22, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * In Wiki and other sources, I that the term "the peace camp" ("machanae ha-shalom") in Hebrew is used more than the "Israeli peace movement". The term "peace movement" is applied by press to describe a specific group rather the entire groups, parties and activists. MathKnight 08:53, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Ok, thanks for the explanation. Do you think that it would be possible to create two different pages, perhaps describing what you have just said, as well as giving notable examples? Outsiders looking for information about the Israeli peace movement could be confused by the term "peace camp".  It sounds like a summer camp for teens. --Viriditas 01:49, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I think a redirect and short explanation in the body of the article will make it clear that we are not talking about a summer camp. MathKnight 10:41, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Let me think about this for a few days. Thanks for your time.  --Viriditas 10:21, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

CfD: Category:Advocacy
Please vote on Category:Advocacy. HistoryBuffEr created this category as a duplicate of Category:Activism, and fabricated a negative definition associating Advocacy with propaganda -- a definition that cannot be found in any dictionary. Then, he replaced Category:Activism with his new Category:Advocacy on Hasbara and Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Advocacy groups are already categorized under Activism so HistoryBuffEr's new category is essentially a duplicate, and contains a false definition. --Viriditas 10:21, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

CfD: Category:Occupation of Palestine
Please see CfD:Occupation of Palestine. --Viriditas 21:23, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Forum for Encyclopedic Standards
I have drafted a proposal for a new voluntary association on Wikipedia (joining groups like the The Business and Economics Forum and the Harmonious editing club) to promote discussion of a sort of system of expert review on Wiki. Please take a look and add your ideas. 172 02:33, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Wonderful idea! I have joined. I will let some others know. Thank you. IZAK 03:16, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Please e-mail me
Hi MathKnight, could you please e-mail me? If you need more directions on how to, please let me know. Jayjg 19:26, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * How? MathKnight 19:32, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * You can e-mail me at Viritalk at hotmail.com Jayjg 21:40, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Apparently User Yoshia/Josiah has had enough of the attacks and violations of civility, he's started an arbitration. Meanwhile, Alberuni is busy POVing Arab-Israeli conflict. Jayjg 21:25, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * So far, I seriously monitoring Al Aqsa Intifada and Jenin articles, so I have little time to watch this also. MathKnight 21:28, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Did you ever receive my e-mail? Jayjg 20:11, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

CfD
Categories for deletion FYI, thanks. IZAK 23:13, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Your Email
Hi MathKnight, would you care to Email me and let me know it's you MathKnight from Wikipedia please. My Email: simshalom at att dot net Thanks a lot. IZAK 07:14, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

RfC
Hello. HistoryBuffEr has filed an RfC against me. I thought I'd let you know, in case you have any interest in commenting. – Quadell (talk) (help)  19:21, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)

Left and anti-war in Europe
You will definitely want to look in on Talk:Left-wing_politics. -- Jmabel | Talk 01:23, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

Clarity re Aliyot
Could you provide some clarity about what 'left' means in your Aliyot numbers, i.e. in "Second Aliyah (1904-1914) from Russia. Total 40,000 (about half left)." 'half left' means still living, or left Israel? And if the latter, where did they go - returned to Russia? And during the same time period? I'm curious about the relevance of this.

 * I don't know since I wasn't the one who wrote that part. I guess that "left" means that the immigrants moved out of the country after short time (mostly to the USA). MathKnight 10:26, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:MathKnight/Archives2


text:
University of Technology, Jaipur

University of Technology is private university located in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. It was established after the Rajasthan's assembly passed the University of Technology, Jaipur Bill, Act No 28 of 2017.

Recognitions
University of Technology is recognized by Government of Rajasthan, All India Council for Technical Education, Bar Council of India, Association of Indian Universities, University Grants Commission (UGC) New Delhi, Pharmacy Council of India and Rehabilitation Council of India.

It has a memorandum of understanding with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI).

University is Accredited with ISO 21001:2018 for Educational Organizations Management System by IAF.

title: University of Technology, Jaipur