text:
Roy Masters (commentator)

Roy Masters (born 2 April 1928, died 22 April 2021) was an English-born American author, radio personality, businessman and hypnotist. He was the creator of a type of mindfulness meditation exercise, which has appeared in his books and recordings. Masters is the founder of the Oregon non-profit organization, The Foundation of Human Understanding. His forays into radio broadcasting included his own show, Advice Line, and the Talk Radio Network, a long time popular conservative talk radio syndicator.

Roy Masters died peacefully in Oregon on April 22, 2021.

Early life in Britain
Roy Masters was born Reuben Obermeister in London in 1928 to a Jewish family of diamond cutters. Like his father, Boris, Masters uses the common anglicisation of his original surname.

Masters' father died in 1943, when Masters was 15 years old. His family could only afford to pay for higher education for his older brother, so Masters did not attend college. He was sent to Brighton, England to apprentice in diamond cutting at his uncle's company, Monnickendam Ltd.

Diamond cutting
Masters made implausible claims to have served in the Royal Sussex Regiment of the British Army during World War II; however, Masters was only 11 years old when the United Kingdom entered the war. Following the war, he apprenticed in diamond cutting. He pursued his trade in many places, including Amsterdam; Brussels; Belgium; and Johannesburg in 1947, where he spent two years.

In 1949, Masters emigrated to the United States. In his early twenties, he traveled across America, giving lectures about the topic of diamond cutting in 40 different states. He was invited to participate in radio and TV interviews about the subject, and he briefly hosted a daily radio show which was titled Story of Your Diamond.

Masters met and married his wife Ann in Birmingham, Alabama, and they eventually moved to Houston, Texas. He developed an interest in hypnosis, and he sold his diamond cutting business to start a new company, the Institute of Hypnosis.

Lessons in hypnotism
During his early years in Brighton, Masters saw a stage hypnosis presentation in which the hypnotist easily induced volunteer subjects to do strange and outlandish things. Masters remembered pondering the question: "Why can't hypnotism be used to make people act sensibly, rather than foolishly?"

Upon further exploration of hypnotism in the 1950s, Masters repudiated hypnotherapy, but he soon opened the Institute of Hypnosis in Houston. There, he saw as many as 30 clients a day for consultations, and he said he "unhypnotised" them instead of hypnotizing them.

Masters called hypnosis a "duplication of life's errors":

"When I was a hypnotist, they used to say to me "You're a hypnotist, are you? When are you going to put me to sleep?" And I would say "Well when are you going to wake up? Because you're already asleep." Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness...When a person is hypnotized—or reacts to stress, which is the same thing—he's not aware that he's being influenced. And when he is under the influence, he moves and has his being according to somebody else's will. And we don't realize that but when we do realize it, we make excuses. We deny. We deny that somebody else is controlling us other than us. That's our problem."

About his decision to change his profession from diamond cutting to hypnosis, Masters said the following in an interview: "I had my own business, but I left that lucrative work because I had a calling for this kind of work. I'm more interested in what I'm doing now than anything else."

Masters set the precedent for the legalization of the non-medical practice of hypnosis when he was charged with practicing medicine without a license at the age of 30. He was sentenced to serve 30 days in jail. (For the medical practice of hypnotism, see hypnotism precursors, such as Dave Elman.)

The Foundation Of Human Understanding
Masters lived in Los Angeles, California, buying a house trailer and living in Venice, CA in 1961. He later profited from his investment in gold at its price highs in 1980 and he purchased Tall Timber Ranch in Selma, Oregon, and he relocated his family to Grants Pass, Oregon, where he moved the non-profit Foundation of Human Understanding. He produced an observational or meditation recording titled How Your Mind Can Keep You Well, which became the title of his radio show and the title of one of his books.

Talk radio show
In 1961, Masters started a talk radio counseling show, which is currently broadcast with the title Advice Line, as a syndicated program. The show has been on the air continuously since its start. Masters passed his hosting duties to his sons, David and Alan, shortly before his death.

Media appearances
Masters appeared on CNN's Crossfire, Larry King Live, The Sally Jessy Raphael Show, The Sean Hannity Show, and The Drudge Report.

Publications

 * 1964 The Secrets of Life and Death. :Devorss, 1964.
 * 1965 How to Be at Peace With Your Problems. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1965.
 * 1970 Sex, Sin & Solution. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1970.
 * 1970 (Roy Masters Speaks On) Breaking Free of Psycho-therapy. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1970.
 * 1972 The Secret of Life. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1972  and as Secret of Life. (pbk) 1977. [ASIN: B000KVIIQM]
 * 1973 Your Mind Can Keep You Well, Fawcett Publications, 1973. (Mass Market paperback: ) (Essandess Special Edition, 1968. )
 * 1974 (Roy Masters Speaks On) Understanding Meditation. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1974,
 * 1975 How to Control Your Emotions. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1975.
 * 1975 How to Conquer Negative Emotions (with Mel Tappan). Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1 June 1975. ISBN 978-0-933900-01-1
 * 1976 How to Conquer Suffering Without Doctors. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, June 1976. ISBN 978-0-933900-04-2
 * 1977 Sex, Sin & Salvation. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1977.
 * 1977 No One Has to Die! Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1977.
 * 1978 How Your Mind Can Keep You Well Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1 June 1978. ISBN 978-0-933900-09-7 (Fawcett Crest Book, 1973, )
 * 1979 The Satan Principle: Life Itself Is Hypnosis: Self-Defense Lessons to Help You Cope With Everyday Pressure. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, June 1979. ISBN 978-0-933900-02-8 (earlier version: Life Itself Is Hypnosis: The Satan Principle: Self-Defense Lessons to Help You Cope With Everyday Pressure, Foundation Books, 1978. )
 * 1982 How to Survive Your Parents: And Not Do to Your Children What Your Parents Did to You. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1 June 1982. (pbk) ISBN 978-0-933900-10-3
 * 1987 Eat No Evil (with Dorothy Baker). Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, June 1987. (pbk) ISBN 978-0-933900-12-7
 * 1988 Understanding Sexuality: The Mystery of Our Lost Identities (with Dorothy Baker). Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, rev. ed., February 1988.  ISBN 978-0-933900-13-4
 * 1988 Beyond the Known (with Dorothy Baker). Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, Rev. Ed., 1 June 1988. ISBN 978-0-933900-03-5
 * 1988 The Hypnosis of Life: Self-Defense Lessons to Help You Cope with Every Day Pressure. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, June 1988. ISBN 978-0-933900-05-9
 * 1988 The Secret Power of Words: Why Words Affect You So Deeply. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1 June 1988. (pbk) ISBN 978-0-933900-14-1
 * 1991 Surviving the Comfort Zone (with Dorothy Baker). Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, 1 August 1991. ISBN 978-0-933900-15-8
 * 1992 Secrets of a Parallel Universe: Why Our Deepest Problems Hold the Key to Ultimate Personal Success and Happiness. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, June 1992. ISBN 978-0-933900-17-2
 * 1997 Finding God in Physics: Einstein's Missing Relative (with Bob Just and Dorothy Baker). Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, ISBN 978-0-933900-19-6
 * 2001 The Adam and Eve Sindrome. Oregon: Foundation of Human Understanding, January 2001. ISBN 978-0-933900-11-0
 * 2010 How Your Mind Will Make You Well (an updated version of How Your Mind Can Keep You Well). Oregon: CreateSpace, 1 December 2010 ISBN 1456353330
 * 2011 Hypnotic States of Americans: A spiritual survival manual for every American family in a perilous world. Oregon: CreateSpace, 11 May 2011. ISBN 978-1-4609-3902-4
 * 2012 Cure Stress: How Your Mind Will Make You Well. Oregon: CreateSpace, 11 December 2012 ISBN 1481221043

title: Roy Masters (commentator)


text:
Comotor

Comotor SA was a joint venture between NSU and Citroën, created in Luxembourg in April 1967. Its goal was to produce Wankel engines.

It followed an earlier, 1964 joint venture of both companies, the Geneva-based Comobil subsidiary, focusing on the development of the engines. Comotor engines were used by the Citroën M35 and by the GS Birotor.

In 1969 the company purchased a large 850 000 m2 plot of land at Altforweiler, half an hour to the east of Luxembourg in German Saarland in order to build a factory.

The venture was hamstrung by technical, reliability, and fuel consumption issues. Although Citroën took a slow and calculated development path, including a two-year beta test program in which 267 Citroën M35 prototypes were tested exhaustively by selected customers, rising fuel prices in 1973 nullified market demand for the fuel-thirsty engine. The vast sums that were invested in the Comobil and Comotor joint ventures were major contributors to the bankruptcy of both NSU and Citroën.

Henk van Veen of the Netherlands designed the OCR 1000 motorcycle around the Comotor engine. His company manufactured 38 of these motorcycles between 1974 and 1978.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Comotor


text:
Talk:Patrician

Old stuff
What is a magistracy??? Pgan002 23:48, 2005 Feb 15 (UTC)

 * Political office in the Roman Republic -- consul, praetor, etc. --Jfruh 01:28, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

--72.79.23.79 01:37, 21 February 2007 (UTC)== Is Pontifex Maximus necessarily Patrician? ==

I would think that with all the Plebians (the different Caecillii Metellii, two Crassii, two Mucii,... and excuse my bad Latin plurals, if they're wrong) holding the office of Pontifex Maximus (cheif priest), it wouldn't be limited to Patricians. It seems to have been mostly patricians, but too many Plebians in there... shash 05:49, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

Pontifices Maximi certainly weren't restricted to Plebs, considering that unlike the other religious offices--who co-opted their members--the chief pontificate was an elected magistracy. --Jello 04:05, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

Italian hereditary title
Hereditary ranks in the Kingdom of Italy were, if memory serves, principe, duca, marchese, conte, visconte, barone, cavaliere, nobile, patrizio, signore. I may have got the order muddled a bit. —Tamfang 09:14, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Why arent the Claudii in the list?
 * Fixed shash 12:12, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

Possibly extinct ones?
What is meant by this phrase? Extinct when? As written it seems to suggest that all the rest are still famous Italian families; surely this can't be meant. -- Securiger 22:59, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Cleanup
I have some suggestions for cleanup on this article. Hopefully I'll be able to enact some of them in the future.

 * 1) It is very much wanting for sources.
 * 2) The header says the article is about patricians in ancient rome, yet we have sections on modern and fictional uses of the term.
 * 3) "Only after X Caesar said so" could probably be rephrased. And probably connected to information explaining how/why Caesar said so.
 * 4) The sections "patrician caste" and "patrician position" seem to be oddly titled, when in fact they are mostly about different eras of the term. Might due to reorganize them
 * 5) This article should probably be coordinated with the article on plebeians.

Munion 00:12, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

List of definite and possible patrician families (extinct ones in Italics)
None of the family names in this section appear in italics.

Also, what do the notes 'yes' and 'no' refer to under the 'possible patrician families' section? Extinct? Surviving? Is this meant to be a substitute for the italics?

Please clean up.

was Marius granted patrician status, because unless there is something i don't know about he defiantly was not a Patrician.

Medieval patricians
We appear to have no article at all on the post-antique patrician classes in Italy and elsewhere. Johnbod (talk) 15:24, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

german Patrizier
should a mention be made of german title, Patrizier, likely derived from Patrician, and common in the middle ages? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.21.70.36 (talk) 16:10, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Isn't it covered in Patrician (post-Roman Europe)? —Tamfang (talk) 20:40, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

Inconsistency
There is an inconsistency in the text: “In the beginning of the Republic all priesthoods were closed to non-patricians.”

“Historian Adrian Richard states that patrician families were initially those who held positions within the priesthoods, and that the ancient Senate, composed of patricians, was a religious advisory body.”

So which one is the right claim? Analogica (talk) 02:25, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

Move?

 * See discussion in Talk:Patrician (post-Roman Europe). Anthony Appleyard (talk) 12:28, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

non-European patricians?
Are there American patricians? C. Douglas Dillon is said to have grown up a patrician in Texas and in The Great Gatsbythe narrator is from a patrician family in the Midwestern US. Are they mislabeled or should Patrician (post-Roman Europe) be changed to Patrician (post-Roman Empire) or should Patrician (non-Europe) be added? J04n(talk page) 23:17, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

 * It's a loose, metaphorical usage — not a formal caste (which would be unconstitutional) as in at least some parts of Europe. —Tamfang (talk) 20:39, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

Piero Scaruffi
Piero Scaruffi is not a patrician, someone keeps adding it because it's an epic 4chan meme. Please revert any edits referring to Piero Scaruffi and lock the page for editing among non logged-in users. 86.23.91.40 (talk) 17:42, 29 May 2013 (UTC)

 * someone's MAD ^^^^^ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.227.58.212 (talk) 19:44, 31 May 2013 (UTC)

 * There must be thousands of Italians who could claim the hereditary title patrizio, but it's unlikely that someone turning to this article is looking for a particular one of them. —Tamfang (talk) 20:37, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Patrician


text:
List of wargame publishers

List of wargame publishers is an index of commercial companies that publish wargames.

 * 3W or World Wide Wargames – publishers of the wargaming magazine The Wargamer.
 * A and A Game Engineering – concentrating on air and naval rules
 * ACIES Edizioni - publishers of wargames like Lepanto and others.
 * Agema.org.uk – publishers of the Game of War 18th century/Napoleonic rules, Salvo WW2 naval, and Challenge & Reply WW1 naval, among others.
 * Amarillo Design Bureau Inc. (ADB) – publisher of Star Fleet Battles (SFB), along with the related strategic game Federation & Empire.
 * Australian Design Group (ADG) – publishers of World in Flames.
 * Avalanche Press – publishers of the Great War at Sea and Panzer Grenadier series, among others.
 * Avalon Hill – the first publisher of board wargames, Avalon Hill (AH) made many classic games, such as Squad Leader, Third Reich, and PanzerBlitz, bought out by Hasbro in 1998.
 * Battlefront Miniatures Ltd. – publisher of Flames of War (FoW), a World War II wargame.
 * Battlefront.com - publisher of Combat Mission series of games
 * Battleline Publications – founded in 1973 and bought by Heritage Models around 1980. They were the original publisher of several Avalon Hill games, such as Wooden Ships and Iron Men, and Circus Maximus.
 * Black Skull Games – founded 2007. Publisher of Universal War.
 * Clash of Arms
 * Collins Epic Wargames – publisher of the Frontline General series of board/mini wargames.
 * Columbia Games (originally Gamma Two Games) – the biggest producer of "block games", using wooden blocks instead of cardboard counters.
 * Compass Games – founded 2004. Publisher of Paper Wars.
 * Computer Strategies – founded in 1990. They are the producer of the widest range of computer moderated wargames rules for tabletop miniatures.
 * Conflict Games – 1970s company founded by designer John Hill.
 * Corvus Belli – publishes Infinity, a wargame in which sci-fi themed miniatures are used to simulate futuristic skirmishes.
 * Critical Hit – publishes tactical-level wargames, notably games in the Advanced Tobruk System as well as ASL-compatible modules and scenario packs.
 * Crocodile Games – publishers of Wargods of Ægyptus and Wargods of Olympus.
 * Decision Games – current license holder of most of the old SPI titles. Current publisher of Strategy & Tactics, Modern War and World at War magazines.
 * Dwarfstar Games – published a line of small SF&F games around 1980.
 * E-Mail Games – provides free wargaming and computerized referee/AI, via e-mail
 * Excelsior Entertainment - current (as of 2005) publisher/manufacturer of Chronopia and Warzone.
 * FASA – original publisher of the boardgame/miniatures game BattleTech. Now closed.
 * Firefly Games - publisher of science fiction tabletop fighting games including Monster Island and CyborGladiators.
 * Flashpoint Miniatures – publishers of Flashpoint Vietnam.
 * Flying Pig Games – founded by Mark Walker in 2014
 * Fresno Design Group
 * The Gamers - publisher of Tunisia
 * Game Designers' Workshop – published many popular wargames as Drang Nach Osten! and role-playing games such as Traveller; disbanded in 1996.
 * Game Research/Design – produced expansions for Europa and eventually took on the series.
 * Games Research Inc – published Diplomacy in 1961 and 1971.
 * Games Workshop – publishers of a number of fantasy and science fiction wargames and role-playing games.
 * GMT Games – probably the most prolific of the wargame companies in the 1990s and into 2018.
 * Graviteam Software - publisher of Graviteam tactics
 * Grenier Games
 * Guidon Games – original publisher of Chainmail.
 * Harebrained Schemes – publisher of Golem Arcana.
 * Historical Military Services – took over GRD in 2004
 * JagdPanther – original company of Steve V. Cole and Allen Eldridge.
 * Jedko Games – 1970s Australian company of John Edwards, which initially published some Avalon Hill games such as The Russian Campaign and War at Sea.
 * John Tiller Software
 * Johnny Reb Gaming Society - publishes the free quarterly newsletter Charge! newsletter / fanzine with an annual paid membership dues. Also publishes wargaming scenarios books, such as Crossed Sabers, for its members.
 * Knight Models – publishes Batman Miniature Game, a skirmish game based on the adventures of the iconic Dark Knight, and Harry Potter Miniatures Adventure Game, a board game with miniatures featuring the famous wizarding saga.
 * L2 Design Group
 * Legion Wargames - publisher of several games including Toulon, 1793, Maori Wars and many more.
 * Lock N' Load Publishing – publisher of Lock 'n Load series, and A World at War series.
 * Lost Battalion Games – games include the man-to-man scale Sergeants! and several card-based wargames.
 * Majestic Twelve Games – publisher of several games including Starmada, Iron Stars, and Grand Fleets.
 * Mantic Games – publisher of several games including Deadzone, Kings of War, and Mars Attacks.
 * Marek/Janci Design - publishers of full-color miniature wargaming scenario books, including the Enduring Valor: Gettysburg in Miniature series and Undying Courage: Antietam in Miniature.
 * Matrix Games –
 * Mayfair Games – original publisher of many "train" games, 18xx series, and Empire Builder.
 * Megalith Games – Publishers of Godslayer
 * Metagaming - originator of the microgame format; original publisher of Ogre.
 * Mongoose Publishing – publishers of RPGs, historical SF and fantasy rules.
 * Multi-Man Publishing – republishes Avalon Hill's Advanced Squad Leader (ASL)
 * New England Simulations – a New Hampshire-based group that has created three games based on previously designed systems, with an emphasis on both graphics and design.
 * Operational Studies Group – focuses primarily on the Napoleonic Era.
 * Paradox Interactive – creator of such computer grand-strategy games as the medieval wargames Crusader Kings and Crusader Kings II, and the post-medieval wargames Europa Universalis, Europa Universalis II, Europa Universalis III and Europa Universalis IV, and the Iron-Age series of wargames Victoria: An Empire Under the Sun, and Victoria II, and the WW2 series of wargames Hearts of Iron, and Roman-era game Legion.
 * People's War Games – publishers of the WW2 Russian Front monster wargame Korsun Pocket and some others WW1 and WW2 wargames.
 * Privateer Press – publishers of WARMACHINE and HORDES as well as the Iron Kingdoms d20 RPG setting.
 * Quarterdeck International - publishers of wargames since 1979, founded and operated by Jack Greene.
 * Radioactive Press – publisher of the Toy Battle System series of games, which includes Atomic Super Humans, Giant Monster Rampage, and Mega Bots.
 * Renaissance Ink – owned by Jay Wirth. Published Fantasy Gladiators and Armistice, manufactures wargame bases and other modeling items.
 * Revolution Games
 * River Horse Games – run by Alessio Cavatore. Publishes wargames and provides game design services for wargames companies.
 * Scarab Miniatures - publisher of War and Conquest.
 * Shrapnel Games, Inc. – owned by Timothy W. Brooks, primarily publishes war and strategy games.
 * Simmons Games – contemporary publisher of two (so far) diceless Napoleonic wargames that look very much like the battlefield maps published at the time.
 * Simulations Canada
 * Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) – another early and very prolific wargame publisher, SPI published the magazines Strategy & Tactics and Moves.
 * Slitherine Software - publisher of several wargame titles, including Panzer Corps
 * Specialist Military Publishing - publisher of BlitzkriegCommander, Cold War Commander and Future War Commander..
 * Stealthy Spider Publishing – publishers of the Occult Wars horror/fantasy skirmish miniatures game.
 * Steve Jackson Games – early successes were Ogre, Car Wars, and Illuminati. Also published many titles in the microgame format: tiny low-priced plastic boxes (US$4–6).
 * StrikeNet Games - publisher of Panzer Miniatures Rules.
 * Task Force Games – founded in 1979 by Steven V. Cole and Allen Eldrige, went out of business in the mid-'90s. Produced many games, most notably Star Fleet Battles and Starfire.
 * Tiny Battle Publishing
 * Too Fat Lardies – publishers of Chain of Command, Sharp Practice, Infamy, Infamy!, Dux Britanniarum, What a Tanker, Algernon Pulls it Off, Bag the Hun, I Ain't Been Shot, Mum!, If the Lord Spares Us, Kiss Me Hardy, Le Feu Sacré, Triumph of the Will, Kriegsspiel in both its 1824 and 1862 versions, They Couldn't Hit An Elephant, Sharp Practice and Troops, Weapons & Tactics.
 * Tower Games – provides pay-for-play wargames for multiple players online. Titles include Line of Muskets and Lightning War
 * Wargames Factory
 * Wargames Research Group – publisher of the popular De Bellis Antiquitatis (DBA), De Bellis Multitudinis (DBM) and De Bellis Renationis (DBR) rule sets for the ancient, medieval and Renaissance periods.
 * Warhammer Historical Wargames (a division of Games Workshop) – produces Warhammer Ancient Battles (WAB), Warhammer English Civil War, Legends of the Old West and Warmaster Ancients.
 * Warhorse Simulations – publisher of Empire and Automated Card Tracking System (ACTS).
 * Warlord Games - publisher of  Bolt Action, Black Powder, Blood Red Skies, Victory at Sea, and several other wargames, as well as lines of miniatures for them.
 * WBS games – wargame and boardgame publisher
 * Wessex Games – historical and sci fi / fantasy rules including Air War C21, Strange Tydes, and Iron Cow.
 * West End Games
 * Wyrd Miniatures - publisher of Malifaux.
 * XTR Corp - former publisher of Command magazine, a military history and strategy magazine that contained insert wargames.
 * Yaquinto Publications
 * Zvezda - publisher of Art of Tactic.
 * Z&M Publishing Enterprises – publisher of Angriff!.

title: List of wargame publishers


text: Category:Military history of China

title: Category:Military history of China


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Luther Masingill

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 08:36, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Luther Masingill
This AM radio personality turns up 60 hits on google. What is the criteria for establishing if this host meets the bar of includability? GRider\talk 23:53, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Nonnotable radio personality. Wile E. Heresiarch 05:38, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - less than 60 Google hits. Megan1967 05:40, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. In the 21st century, "AM radio personality" = "non-notable" Denni ☯ 02:29, 2005 Feb 17 (UTC)


text:
Elmer Valo

Elmer William Valo (March 5, 1921 – July 19, 1998), born Imrich Valo, was a Slovak American professional baseball right fielder, coach, and scout in Major League Baseball (MLB). He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.

Playing in the major leagues for 20 seasons between 1940 and 1961, Valo batted .282, with 58 home runs, and 601 runs batted in (RBI), in 1,806 games, with most of his time spent as a member of the Athletics franchise, which was then located in Philadelphia and Kansas City.

Early years
A native of Rybník, Czechoslovakia, Valo emigrated to the United States with his family at the age of six.

Career
Valo played for the Federalsburg Athletics of the Eastern Shore League in 1939, and for Wilmington in the Interstate League in 1940.

In August 1942, he was featured on the cover of the first issue of Baseball Digest.

His baseball career was interrupted by a term of service in the U.S. Army from 1943–1946. Valo was commissioned as a second lieutenant but did not see combat.

Valo's big-league playing career was affected by three franchise relocations. Valo spent his first 13 seasons in the majors with the Philadelphia A's, then accompanied the team to Kansas City when the club moved after the 1954 season. Valo moved with the Brooklyn Dodgers to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. And after playing for the Washington Senators in 1960, the franchise relocated and Valo found himself playing for the Minnesota Twins.

He was a hustling player and an aggressive line-drive hitter who hit .300 or better five times, with a career-high .364 in 1955. As a right fielder, he was noted for his fearless manner in challenging fences, and occasionally crashed through an outfield wall in pursuit of a ball.

As Valo's career moved into its final phase, he became an outstanding pinch-hitter. He used his strike zone judgment to post an on-base percentage over .400 in eight of the ten seasons (.414 from 1946 to 1955). In 1960, Valo set major-league pinch-hitting season records for games, walks and times on base. He also set a major-league career record with 91 walks as a pinch-hitter.

Notable games
Valo stated that he had a plate appearance for Philadelphia on September 30, 1939. If true, Valo would join Ted Williams, Mickey Vernon, and Early Wynn as the only four-decade players of the 1930s to the 1960s. The box score for the game does not list Valo — he claimed that he was left out by the official scorer, as he was not under contract with Philadelphia at the time.

On May 1, 1949, Valo became the first major league player to hit two bases-loaded triples in a game. The feat has been matched only by Bill Bruton (1959) and Duane Kuiper (1978). Valo added another bases-loaded triple that year, matching the major league record of three in a season, which was originally set by Shano Collins in 1918.

Valo hit for the cycle on August 2, 1950.

Later years
Following his retirement as a player, Valo worked with the Indians' organization as a major league coach and minor league manager, and served as a scout for the Phillies for 13 years, until his death. He was inducted into the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame in 1990. Valo died in Palmerton, Pennsylvania, at the age of 77 in 1998.

title: Elmer Valo


text:
Florence Prag Kahn

Florence Kahn (née Prag; November 9, 1866 – November 16, 1948) was an American teacher and politician who in 1925 became the first Jewish woman to serve in the United States Congress. She was only the fifth woman to serve in Congress, and the second from California, after fellow San Franciscan Mae Nolan. Like Nolan, she took the seat in the House of Representatives left vacant by the death of her husband, Julius Kahn.

Life and career
Kahn was born in Salt Lake City, Utah to Conrad and Mary Prag, Jewish Polish immigrants who befriended the Mormon leader Brigham Young, and sold supplies during the gold rush. Her family moved to San Francisco, California in 1869. She graduated from the San Francisco Girls' High School in 1883, and received an A.B. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1887. She taught high school English and History at Lowell High School. She married Julius Kahn on March 19, 1899, who served in Congress until his death on December 18, 1924. She was his aide and, in parallel, she would write articles in the San Francisco Chronicle.

Congress
Florence Kahn was elected as a Republican to the 69th Congress, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, who had just been re-elected to a 13th term. She was reelected to the 70th, 71st, 72nd, 73rd, and 74th Congresses, serving from December 7, 1925, to January 3, 1937. She replaced her husband and became the first woman on the House Military Affairs Committee.

Kahn supported Herbert Hoover's unsuccessful campaign against Franklin Delano Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. She was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the 75th Congress in 1936.

Later career
Afterwards, Kahn actively tried to get women involved in politics. She was a member of the American Association of University Women, Hadassah and the Council of Jewish Women. She was a Reform Jew, and belonged to Congregation Emanu-El of San Francisco.

Death and burial
Kahn died in San Francisco on November 16, 1948, and was interred in the Home of Peace Cemetery in Colma, California.

Location of source materials relating to Florence Prag Kahn
The Western Jewish History Center, of the Magnes Collection of Jewish Art and Life in Berkeley, California has a large collection of family papers, documents, correspondence, and photographs relating to Florence Prag Kahn and to her husband, Julius Kahn.

title: Florence Prag Kahn


text:
Talk:Ariel

Needs organisation
This page is a mess. Obviously, the name was chosen for the video game only because it already had connotations resulting from its earlier uses, yet the video game is listed first. Moreover, it's one of the least important items on the list. Could someone write something coherent here? Michael Hardy 23:56, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Ariel (motor)
The Ariel (car) article which is linked here is completely different to the external URL which it links to (The article is about the no longer operative company Ariel, based in Birmingham, which the URL is to the ariel car company website, which is based in Somerset!) - UPDATE: after some research, i have discovered that the Somerset based Ariel is a re-encarnation of the original Ariel motor company. I've added a moderately sized article about the current Ariel company, and it's latest car the Ariel Atom to that page. Some expansion would be good ---Benbread 18:40, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Unisex
The name Ariel is a uni sex. Stop saying it's a man's name, it's a uni sex and that's it, ask the high acadamy for the hebrew language if you want to, but it's a uni sex name, so stop saying it's "for man's only". It's true that it has a more feminaized version of "Arielah" but a lot of names have that, And I personally know many women whose first name is Ariel and My name itself is Ariel.

For the sake of consistency, the pages with all of the "Angel" names should be similar. Compare the Ariel page to the Michael and Gabriel pages, for example. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Deborrahh (talk • contribs) 00:07, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

It would be nice if you mention that Ariel is also another name for Jerusalem.

Sorry for commenting while not logged in, It seems that I've lost my password.

AnoreX 89.0.242.129 22:25, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

there has been woman named ariel but most of them are a bit diffrent like ariela --Leira77 (talk) 20:26, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Ariel (angel) is/was a person ?
Angel's name do not belong to people's names place. I would place it into Fictional characters division. --Tigga en 13:03, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

The article states that "Ariel is an Archangel name". Incidentally, the Hebrew angelic name is actually either pronounced "Oriel" or "Uriel" - Ariel has nothing to do with angels whatsoever, and is in fact only used in Scripture to refer to Jerusalem. --Franiel242 10:01, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

In fact the HEBREW translation is Hearth of God; i.e. the temple; translated as ‘the altar’ in Ezek. 43: 15, second clause.

I believe the moon Ariel was named after the Shakespeare character.

Wouldn't that be Religious and Mythological - these carry more weight than 'fictional', and calling it 'fictional' trivializes the importance of it while miscasting it as a single author's invention. Wikivek 16:13, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Contradiction
It says "Ariel (band), a group with which the electronic musician Kid 606 has worked". The Kid 606 article says he "was born July 27, 1979 in Caracas, Venezuela, raised in San Diego and later moved to San Francisco." But the Ariel (band) article says "Ariel is an Australian band" (mismatched hemispheres, possible but unlikely) and "The band...died around 1975." The latter is impossible altogether, if it is the same band named Ariel that worked with someone born in 1979. Art LaPella 04:34, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

 * True - I'll amend this to refer to the band who have an article. -- Beardo 04:47, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

Attribution
The 1913 Webster's open reference says the Ariel gazelle is the Dorcas gazelle so I added the link in Other. Not sure how the attribution is supposed to be done, sorry! Wikivek 16:14, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Spanish pronunciation
In Spanish, Ariel has two syllables. The "i" is pronounced as a consonant (y). elpincha (talk) 13:24, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

Pronounciation in English
Although I'm aware that Americans pronounce the name Ariel as "air-e-el", to suggest that it is pronounced as such by all English speakers is simply not true. I am aware of three girls named Ariel in Australia and they are all pronounced "ah-ri-el". I admit there are more American English speakers than Australian, but please don't suggest that all native English speakers pronounce the name as Americans do. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Owencarter1973 (talk • contribs) 06:00, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

"Ariel (chracter)" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Ariel (chracter). Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. 1234qwer1234qwer4 (talk) 13:09, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ariel


text:
Talk:Jade (Mortal Kombat)

I've had to make so many edits...
But I can't fix the Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 title so that it'll fit. I don't think it needs to be appreivated, but what's wrong exactly?
 * I don't see anything wrong in the infobox - I'm guessing it's probably a browser thing. IMO, just leave it - if it really bugs you, then change it to Ultimate MK 3, since the MK acronym is pretty obvious. Virogtheconq 04:54, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

New Image
We need a new image of Jade's render from MK:D.... one that has a copyright tag this time, who knows where to find one?

How about a pic of Jode from Mortal Kombat: Annihilation? --User:Angie Y.

Height/weight on this and other Mortal Kombat character pages

 * I noticed by checking the history that there were no entries in these sections until an anonymous editor in the 80.121.* page added them. He's also consistently tried to alter the Street Fighter character statistics page to match a fanpage with no sources whatsoever.  I'm not a fan of MK and don't monitor these pages, but I'd suggest someone take a chainsaw to all the height/weight stats in the MK character pages. Danny Lilithborne 02:21, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
 * We're debating removing them anyways. Virogtheconq 04:01, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

Ethicnicity
Is Jade black or asian?

 * Jade is Edenian.

She is only portrayed by an Asian actress in the movie, and Becky Gable and Katalin Zamiar's Jade sprites in the older games were tinted darker by computer. The latest games appear to give her a darker skintone than the other females, but she shouldn't be comparable to any ethnic background from Earth, any more than Kitana. AtenRa 19:22, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Mkd jade.jpg
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Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:32, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

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MKX Mobile Info??
Where's the info for Jade? She is in MKX Mobile but it's not mentioned here.. --Liklik2012 (talk) 00:22, 17 April 2018 (UTC)

Jade's render
@Kung Fu Man Jade's render in MK11 doesn't really look appealing at all. I suggest using her MK9 render or maybe John Tobias artwork. Kazama16 (talk) 06:50, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Personally I'd include her MK9 version in her reception section, and probably just use a clean render of her MK11 artwork, which is where the bulk of her reception comes from.
 * @MoonJet that said, this is your baby so what are you feeling on this?--Kung Fu Man (talk) 06:59, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Weird, I didn't get the notification for this post. But yeah, I don't object to using her MK9 render for the reception section. And it looks like Beemer69 already uploaded a better image for the infobox. MoonJet (talk) 04:45, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jade (Mortal Kombat)


text:
Executive sponsor

Executive sponsor (sometimes called project sponsor or senior responsible owner) is a role in project management, usually the senior member of the project board and often the chair. The project sponsor will be a senior executive in a corporation (often at or just below board level) who is responsible to the business for the success of the project.

Responsibilities
The sponsor has a number of interfaces and responsibilities for the project.

Board
The responsibilities for which the sponsor is accountable to the board are:

 * Provides leadership on culture and values
 * Owns the business case
 * Keeps project aligned with organization's strategy and portfolio direction
 * Governs project risk
 * Works with other sponsors
 * Focuses on realization of benefits
 * Recommends opportunities to optimize cost/benefits
 * Ensures continuity of sponsorship
 * Provides assurance
 * Provides feedback and lessons learned

Project manager
The governance activities that take place between the sponsor and the project manager are:

 * Provides timely decisions
 * Clarifies decision-making framework
 * Clarifies business priorities and strategy
 * Communicates business issues
 * Provides resources
 * Engenders trust
 * Manages relationships
 * Supports the project manager's role
 * Promotes ethical working

Project stakeholders
In addition to these activities the following activities take place between the sponsor and other project stakeholders:

 * Engages stakeholders
 * Governs stakeholder communications
 * Directs client relationships
 * Directs governance of users
 * Directs governance of suppliers
 * Arbitrates between stakeholders

Impact
Due to the problem-solving needs of the role, the executive sponsor often needs to be able to exert pressure within the organization to overcome resistance to the project. For this reason a successful executive sponsor will ideally be a person with five personal attributes - understanding, competence, credibility, commitment and engagement.

A few research studies have been published that not only detail the role of this individual within project management but also provide a way to ensure that the success of a project is increased if this individual plays a more active role.

Senior Responsible Officer role
The UK government treats the role of a Senior Responsible Officer (SRO) as distinct from the sponsor's role, referring to projects where the sponsor "may be considered to be at a very senior level or part of a sponsoring group, above the SRO". A Public Administration Select Committee report published in 2011 and critical of UK government IT procurement, noted that SRO's had often moved on to new roles during the course of an acquisition project, and this was one of the reasons why problems had been encountered.

title: Executive sponsor


text:
Spanish poetry

This article concerns poetry in Spain.

Medieval Spain
The Medieval period covers 400 years of different poetry texts and can be broken up into five categories.

Primitive lyrics
Since the findings of the Kharjas, which are mainly two, three, or four verses, Spanish lyrics, which are written in Mozarabic dialect, are perhaps the oldest of Romance Europe. The Mozarabic dialect has Latin origins with a combination of Arabic and Hebrew fonts.

The epic
Many parts of Cantar de Mio Cid, Cantar de Roncesvalles, and Mocedades de Rodrigo are part of the epic. The exact portion of each of these works is disputed among scholars. The Minstrels, over the course of the 12th to the 14th centuries, were driving force of this movement. The Spanish epic likely emanated from France. There are also indications of Arabic and Visigoth. It is usually written in series of seven to eight syllables within rhyming verse.

Mester de clerecía
The cuaderna vía is the most distinctive verse written in Alexandrine verse, consisting of 12 syllables. Works during the 13th century include religious, epics, historical, advice or knowledge, and adventure themes. Examples of such themes include The Miracles of the Virgin Mary, Poema de Fernán González, Book of Alexander, Cato’s Examples, and Book of Apolonio, respectively. Some works vary and are not necessarily mester de clerecía, but are reflective of it. Such poems are of a discussion nature, such as Elena y María and Reason to Love. Hagiographic poems include Life of St. María Egipciaca and Book of the Three Wise Men. Mature works, like The Book of Good Love and Rhyming Book of the Palace, were not included in the genre until the 14th century.

Collection of verse (Cancionero)
During this movement, language use went from Galician-Portuguese to Castilian. Octosyllable, twelve syllables, and verse of arte mayor were becoming the footing of verses. Main themes derive from Provençal poetry. This form of poetry was generally compilations of verses formed into books, also known as cancioneros. Main works include Cancionero de Baena, Cancionero de Estuniga, and Cancionero General. Other important works from this era include parts of Dance of Death, Dialogue Between Love and an Old Man, verses of Mingo Revulgo, and verses of the Baker Woman.

Spanish ballads
The romanceros have no set number of octosyllables, but these poems are only parallel in this form. Romancero Viejo consists of the oldest poems in these epochs, which are anonymous. The largest amount of romances comes from the 16th century, although early works were from the 14th century. Many musicians of Spain used these poems in their pieces throughout the Renaissance. Cut offs, archaic speech, and recurrent dialogue are common characteristics among these poems; however the type and focus were diverse. Lyrical romances are also a sizeable part of this era. During the 17th century, they were recycled and renewed. Some authors still stayed consistent with the original format. By the 20th century, the tradition still continued.

Early Middle Ages

 * Mozarab Jarchas, the first expression of Spanish poetry, in Mozárabe dialect
 * Mester de Juglaría
 * Cantar de Mio Cid
 * Mester de Clerecía
 * Juan Ruiz, Arcipreste de Hita
 * Gonzalo de Berceo
 * Troubadours
 * Xohán de Cangas
 * Palla (troubadour)
 * Paio Soares de Taveirós

Later Middle Ages

 * Macías
 * Pero Ferrus
 * Juan Rodríguez de la Cámara
 * Alfonso Martínez de Toledo, Arcipreste de Talavera
 * Jorge Manrique
 * Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquess of Santillana
 * Juan de Mena

Arabic and Hebrew poetry during the Moorish period
During the time when Spain was occupied by the Arabs after the early 8th century, the Iberian Peninsula was influenced by the Arabic language in both the central and southern regions. Latin still prevailed in the north. The Jewish culture had its own Golden Age through the span of the 10th to 12th centuries in Spain. Hebrew poetry was usually in the style of Piyyut; however, under Muslim rule in Spain, the style changed. These poets began to write again in what was the "pure language of the Bible". Beforehand, poems were written in Midrash. This change was a result of the commitment the Arabs had to the Koran. Tempos and secular topics were now prevalent in Hebrew poetry. However, these poems were only reflections of events seen by the Jews and not of ones practiced themselves.

 * The Alhambra Poets:
 * Ibn al-Yayyab
 * Ibn Zamrak
 * Ibn al-Khatib
 * Ibn Sahl of Sevilla
 * Ibn Hazm of Córdoba
 * Ibn Gabirol
 * Moses ibn Ezra
 * Abraham ibn Ezra
 * Ibn Quzman
 * Ibn Arabi

After 1492

 * Anonymous writers of the Romancero
 * Juan Boscán
 * Gutierre de Cetina
 * Alonso de Ercilla
 * Santa Teresa de Jesús
 * San Juan de la Cruz
 * Fernando de Herrera
 * Garcilaso de la Vega
 * Juan del Encina
 * Fray Luis de León
 * Diego Hurtado de Mendoza
 * Lope de Rueda
 * Ausiàs March (in Valencian)

The Golden Age (El Siglo de Oro)
This epoch includes the Renaissance of the 16th century and the Baroque of the 17th century. During the Renaissance, poetry became partitioned into culteranismo and conceptismo, which essentially became rivals.

 * Culteranismo used bleak language and hyperbaton. These works largely included neologisms and mythological topics. Such characteristics made this form of poetry highly complex, making comprehension difficult.

 * Conceptismo was a trend using new components and resources. An example of this new extension was the Germanias. Works included comparative and complex sentences. This movement derived from Petrarchanism.

During the Baroque period, Satire, Neostoicism, and Mythological themes were also prevalent.

 * Satire tended to be directed to the elites, criticizing the defects of the society. This form of poetry often resulted in severe punishments being administered to the poets.
 * Neostoicism became a movement of philosophical poetry. Ideas from the medieval period resurfaced.
 * Mythological themes were more common in culteranismo. Not until the Generation of 1927 did these poems gain more importance. La Fábula de Polifemo y Galatea and Las Soledades are two key works.

 * Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra
 * Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas
 * Luis de Góngora y Argote established culteranismo.
 * Félix Lope de Vega Carpio
 * Pedro Calderón de la Barca
 * Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

Romanticism
Germany and England were the large forces in this movement. Over the course of the late 18th century to the late 19th century, Romanticism spread philosophy and art through Western societies of the world. The earlier part of this movement overlapped with the Age of Revolutions. The idea of the creative imagination was rising above the idea of reason. Minute elements of nature, such as bugs and pebbles, were considered divine. There were many variations of the perception of nature in these works. Instead of allegory, this era moved towards myths and symbols. The power of human emotion emerged during this period.
 * Manuel José Quintana
 * José Zorrilla
 * Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer
 * Rosalía de Castro (in Galician and Spanish)
 * José de Espronceda

1898 until 1926
Spain went through drastic changes after the demise of Spain’s colonial empire. French and German inspiration along with Modernism greatly improved the culture of Spain with the works of the Generation of 1898, which were mostly novelists but some were poets.

 * Rubén Darío
 * César Vallejo
 * Pablo Neruda
 * Miguel de Unamuno
 * Antonio Machado
 * Manuel Machado
 * Ultraism

1927 until 1936
The Generation of 1927 were mostly poets. Many were also involved with the production of music and theatre plays.

 * Rafael Alberti
 * Vicente Aleixandre
 * Dámaso Alonso
 * Manuel Altolaguirre
 * Luis Cernuda
 * Gerardo Diego
 * Manuel de Falla; influential on poets, for his vision of Moorish Spain
 * Juan Ramón Jiménez
 * Federico García Lorca
 * Jorge Guillen
 * Emilio Prados
 * Pedro Salinas

1939 until 1975
Poets during the World War II and under General Franco in peacetime:

 * Juan Ramón Jiménez received the Nobel Prize in Literature 1956, "For his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity." Was the last survivor of Generation of 1898. During the mid-20th century, works steadily moved back to literary and political aspects.
 * Gabriela Mistral
 * Nicanor Parra
 * Alejandra Pizarnik
 * Luis Buñuel
 * Ángel Crespo
 * Jaime Gil de Biedma
 * Carlos Edmundo de Ory
 * León Felipe
 * Ángel González Muñiz
 * Miguel Hernández
 * José Hierro
 * Lluis Llach
 * Leopoldo Panero
 * José María Pemán

1975 until present
These works became experimental, using themes, styles and characteristics of traditional poetry throughout Spain’s time and combining them with current movements. Some poets remain more traditional, while others more contemporary.

Post-Franco and Contemporary Spanish Poets:

 * Blanca Andreu
 * Miguel Argaya
 * María Victoria Atencia
 * Felipe Benítez Reyes
 * Carlos Bousoño
 * Giannina Braschi
 * Francisco Brines
 * José Manuel Caballero Bonald
 * Matilde Camus
 * Luisa Castro
 * Antonio Colinas
 * Isla Correyero
 * Aurora de Albornoz
 * Luis Alberto de Cuenca
 * Francisco Domene
 * Rafael Pérez Estrada
 * José María Fonollosa
 * Gloria Fuertes
 * Vicente Gallego
 * Antonio Gamoneda
 * Enrique García-Máiquez
 * José Agustín Goytisolo
 * Félix Grande
 * Clara Janés
 * Diego Jesús Jiménez
 * Chantal Maillard
 * Antonio Martínez Sarrión
 * Carlos Marzal
 * Bruno Mesa
 * Juan Carlos Mestre
 * Luis García Montero
 * Luis Javier Moreno
 * Lorenzo Oliván
 * Leopoldo María Panero
 * Francisco Pino
 * Juan Vicente Nuevo Piqueras
 * Claudio Rodríguez
 * Ana Rossetti
 * Ángel Rupérez
 * Elvira Sastre
 * Jaime Siles
 * Jenaro Talens
 * Andrés Trapiello
 * José Miguel Ullán
 * José Ángel Valente
 * Álvaro Valverde
 * Luis Antonio de Villena

title: Spanish poetry


text:
Florence Kahn

Florence Kahn may refer to:

 * Florence Prag Kahn (1866–1948), American teacher and politician
 * Florence Kahn (actress) (1878–1951), American actress and wife of Sir Max Beerbohm

title: Florence Kahn


text:
Boudin

Boudin, black pudding in English, is essentially pig’s guts filled with blood and other ingredients, such as onions, spinach, etc. The added ingredients vary in French, Luxembourgish, Belgian, Swiss, Québec, Acadian, Aostan, Louisiana Creole, and Cajun cuisine.

Etymology
The Anglo-Norman word boudin meant sausage, blood sausage, or entrails in general. Its origin is unclear. It has been traced both to Romance and to Germanic roots, but there is not good evidence for either (cf. boudin). The English word pudding probably comes from boudin.

Some modern chefs, such as John Folse and Olivier Poels, attribute boudin to ancient Greece by way of Aphtonite, to whom they attribute the first mention of boudin noir in the Apicius.

Types

 * Boudin ball: A Cajun variation on boudin blanc. Instead of the filling being stuffed into pork casings, it is rolled into a ball, battered, and deep-fried.
 * Boudin blanc: Originally, a white sausage made of pork without the blood. Variants include:
 * French boudin blanc, with milk. Generally sautéed or grilled.
 * Boudin blanc de Liège: A Belgian version similar to French boudin blanc but with marjoram, which has a protected geographical indication.
 * Cajun boudin blanc, made from a mixture of pork, rice, onions, and seasonings similar to dirty rice and stuffed into sausage casings. Local variations may also include liver or other pork offal, or other meats such as venison, alligator, shrimp, and crawfish, and can vary in spiciness.
 * Boudin blanc de Rethel : a traditional French boudin, which may only contain pork meat, fresh whole eggs and milk, and cannot contain any breadcrumbs or flours/starches. It is protected under EU law with a Protected geographical indication status.
 * Boudin noir: A dark-hued blood sausage, containing pork, pig blood, and other ingredients. Variants of the boudin noir occur in French, Belgian, Cajun and Catalan cuisine. The Catalan version of the boudin noir is called botifarra negra. In the French Caribbean, it is known as boudin Créole or by local names, such as boudin rouge Antillais in Guadeloupe, and infused with spice or rum. In Britain a similar sausage is called "black pudding", the word "pudding" being an anglicized pronunciation of boudin, and probably introduced after the Norman Conquest.
 * Boudin rouge: In Louisiana cuisine, a sausage similar to Cajun boudin blanc with pork blood added to it, though less commonly made. This originated from the French boudin noir.
 * Boudin vert: A green sausage made of pork meat and cabbage and kale. Popular in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant and in the Walloon immigrant areas of the Door Peninsula of Wisconsin where it is called Belgian Trippe.
 * Boudin valdôtain: with beetroot, spices, wine and beef or pork blood. in the Aosta Valley of Italy.
 * Brown-rice boudin: Brown-rice boudin is a less common variation made from brown rice with taste similar to traditional pork boudin.

In the United States
The journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition include an early record of boudin blanc in the Louisiana Territory during an encounter with French fur trapper Toussaint Charbonneau on May 9, 1805, who prepared it using buffalo intestine, meat, and kidney suet, boiled the links, and fried them in bear grease.

The term boudin in the Acadiana region of Louisiana is commonly understood to refer only to boudin blanc, and specifically to the regional combination of rice, pork, and seasonings originally made at rural communal hog butcherings since the 18th century. Also popular is seafood boudin, consisting of crawfish or crab, shrimp, and rice.

Cajun boudin is available most readily in the Acadiana region of southern Louisiana, though it may be found nearly anywhere in "Cajun Country" extending along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico from eastern Texas to western Mississippi. Several Louisiana towns and cities stake claims based on their boudin; Scott, Louisiana, was named "Boudin Capital of the World" in 2012, while Jennings was named "Boudin Capital of the Universe" and former "Boudin Capital of the World" Broussard redesignated itself the "Intergalactic Boudin Capital of Positive Infinity".

There are numerous meat markets and Cajun stores devoted to the speciality, though boudin is also sold from many convenience and grocery stores in other towns and areas along Louisiana's portion of Interstate 10, referred to by the Southern Foodways Alliance and some local tourism bureaus as the Southern Boudin Trail. Since Cajun boudin freezes well, it can be shipped outside the region if made and packaged in a federally approved facility.

Boudin noir is available in Illinois in the Iroquois County towns of Papineau and Beaverville, with their Quebecois heritage. The dish is the featured cuisine at the annual Beaverville Founder's Day, held the second weekend of September. People travel from hundreds of miles to partake of the boudin.

"Le Boudin"
Boudin gave rise to "Le Boudin", the official march of the French Foreign Legion. "Blood sausage" is a colloquial reference to the gear (rolled up in a red blanket) that used to top the backpacks of Legionnaires. The song makes repeated reference to the fact that the Belgians do not get any "blood sausage", since the king of the Belgians at one time forbade his subjects from joining the Legion (the verse says "ce sont des tireurs au cul).

title: Boudin


text:
Recap sequence

A recap sequence (or recap, often announced as "Previously on...") is a narrative device used by many television series to bring the viewer up to date with the current events of the stories' plot. It is usually a short (between 20 and 40 seconds) montage of important scenes cut directly from previous episodes, usually short bursts of dialogue, which serve to lay the background for the following episode.

These devices are predominantly seen on episodic series where every installment furthers the plot, but otherwise are used for plot arcs, that is, when an episode is going to pick up on a storyline initiated several episodes ago. A recap will almost always be present in an episode that picks up from a cliffhanger. Recap sequences are most prevalent in dramatic television series (though daytime serials are usually excluded) and reality programs, whereas situation comedies and other scripted genres typically use recap sequences only for two-part or in rare cases, multi-part episodes.

These montages are inserted as the first thing into an episode so that viewers who had not seen the previous episodes or who do not remember what happened can understand from where the current episode will begin, also so that the viewers may decide to catch up on missed episodes, usually buying the DVDs. They usually begin with a voiceover or subtitle proclaiming, "Last week on... [the show's name]", "Last night on... [the show's name]", "Previously on... [the show's name]" or "Last time on... [the show's name]". Many shows have begun to use a main character's voice for this voiceover rather than a neutral narrator (Chuck), and some series such as Boston Legal and Stargate Atlantis alternate which main character says "Previously on... [the show's name]". Some shows also have a full season recap sequence that usually begins with "This season on... [the show's name]".

On the Fox show 24, the main character, Jack Bauer's voiceover "Previously on 24..." is followed by scenes from prior episodes of the current season, not necessarily from the very last episode, that concern major plot points of the current episode. This was carried over into 24: The Game, where, once a player completes a mission, all cutscenes prior to that mission can be viewed in the manner of the TV show. The playable scenes are not shown, as the player is given the opportunity to replay them to get a higher score.

On the NBC show ER, main cast members rotate turns saying the phrase "Previously on ER..." which is then followed by scenes from previous episodes which are pertinent to the current episode.

In some cases, the scene leading up to the previous episode's ending is shown instead of a montage. This was common on British television shows from the 1950s to 1990s, although now most adopt a recap montage. An example of this is Doctor Who, which during its original run (1963–1989) used the final scene of the previous episode to begin the next, whereas from the series relaunch (2005–present) the recaps are made up of a collection of short clips.

Recaps are also used for several soap operas, most notably in Australia. The Australian prison soap opera Prisoner (commonly known as Prisoner: Cell Block H) used a recap sequence throughout its eight-season run. In the early years it only showed the final scene of the previous episode before the opening credits. However, in later years it began to show several select cuts from the previous episode during the recap sequence, often, a new scene would directly follow the recap before the opening credits. In the early years of Australian soaps Home and Away, Neighbours and Sons and Daughters a recap showed directly after the opening credits, which may have been confusing for viewers who would have started watching them, not realizing they were viewing a recap sequence and not a new opening scene. The layout was changed in later years as recaps for Home and Away and Neighbours started before the credits, but currently they again show after the credits in such a way not to confuse the viewer. British soap operas, apart from Hollyoaks, do not use a recap sequence, however, they may be relevant.

In the English dubs of various episodic anime series that were edited for time or censorship reasons, recaps are sometimes extended or introduced where they did not exist originally, to cover any shortfalls in running time. Some examples where this occurs are Robotech, the FUNimation English dub of Dragon Ball Z, and the 4Kids English-language version of One Piece. The original Japanese version of One Piece did not always have recaps, though many episodes did have recaps as the first scene following the opening credits.

There is some debate as to whether these recaps should be considered as part of the episode whole. Some home video and DVD releases of shows that use recaps include them, some do not, and some seem to randomly use or omit them for different episodes within the same collection. A few also place the segment as a full chapter that can easily be skipped if the viewer is viewing the series in a marathon form.

The format and treatment of recaps may also vary depending on the commissioning broadcaster. For example, while most HBO series have recaps before each episode when aired on linear television, the recaps are usually treated as distinct from the episode proper, airing prior to the content rating card and HBO "static angel" production logo. On streaming (i.e. HBO Max) and other releases like DVDs, these recaps are usually excluded from the episode video, but are sometimes provided as bonus content.

Recaps can also refer to entire episodes, where such explain a backstory or plot point the viewer has not seen up to that point. Such episodes usually happen after a plot twist, for the recap to explore what led up to that point that the viewer does not know.

Australia
• Doctor Doctor

• Home and Away (shown after the opening credits from 1988–1999, 2009–present; shown before the opening credits 2000–2008)

• McLeod's Daughters (the recap sequence was shown before a cold open and the opening credits for the first seven seasons. The cold open was later removed and the recap was shown after the opening credits for its eighth and final season)

• Neighbours

• Prisoner (also known as Prisoner: Cell Block H; the recap was shown before the opening credits for the majority of its eight-season; it was shown only in episode 2 after the opening credits; episode 290 was the only episode not to show a recap, when it was replaced with a cold open)

• Sons and Daughters (recap shown after the opening credits throughout its six-season run)

• Wentworth

United Kingdom
• Alys

• Back to Life

• Bad Girls

• The Bill

• Brookside (used only in final year)

• Fleabag

• Footballers' Wives

• Hollyoaks

• Outnumbered

• Primeval (used until the second season)

• The Professionals

• Sugar Rush

• Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps

United States
• 24

• Alias

• All American (up until Season 2 Episode 10)

• Andi Mack

• Avatar: The Last Airbender

• Awkward

• Battlestar Galactica

• Black Lightning

• Ben 10 (2005) (only during two-part episodes)

• Ben 10: Alien Force (only during two-part episodes)

• Ben 10: Ultimate Alien (only during two-part episodes)

• The Big Bang Theory

• Blindspot

• Bob Hearts Abishola

• The Boys (used since the second season)

• Breaking Bad

• Buffy the Vampire Slayer

• Doctor Who (only during multi-part episodes)

• Deception

• Desperate Housewives

• ER (these are preceded by a short stylized logo sequence and followed by the episode's title; however, on the DVD releases and occasionally in syndicated reruns, the recaps are edited out, leaving only the logo sequence and the title)

• The Falcon and the Winter Soldier

• The Flash (2014) (up until Season 6 Episode 11)

• Fringe

• Game of Thrones (these only appear on the HBO airings; in syndication and on DVDs, the recaps are excluded)

• Glee

• The Good Doctor

• Hawkeye

• iCarly (only on specials)

• Invincible - (used since the fourth episode)

• Jane the Virgin

• K.C. Undercover (only during multi-part episodes)

• Loki

• Lost

• Lucifer

• The Mandalorian

• Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (used since the tenth episode)

• Masters of Sex

• Mom

• Moon Knight

• Ms. Marvel

• Nip/Tuck

• Once Upon A Time

• The Originals

• Power Book II: Ghost

• Pretty Little Liars

• Prison Break

• Riverdale

• Sliders

• Soap

• Sons of Anarchy

• Star Trek: Discovery

• Switched at Birth

• Suits

• Supernatural

• Third Watch

• Turner & Hooch

• The Vampire Diaries

• Veronica Mars

• The Walking Dead

• WandaVision

• Weeds

• The West Wing

• X-Men

• Young Sheldon

Other countries

 * The Amazing Race
 * Big Brother
 * The Heart Has Its Reasons
 * Ninjago
 * Squid Game
 * Survivor
 * Yu-Gi-Oh

title: Recap sequence


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Jeffries Projects

The Jeffries Homes, also called the Jeffries Housing Projects, was a public housing project located in Detroit, Michigan, near the Lodge Freeway. It included 13 high-rises and hundreds of row house units, and was named for Detroit Recorder's Court Judge Edward J. Jeffries, Sr., who was also father of Detroit Mayor Edward J. Jeffries, Jr.

History
The first phase, Jeffries West, opened in 1953 as a complex of eight 14-story towers. The second phase included five additional towers in Jeffries West and Jeffries East, 415 apartments in a set of low-rise apartment blocks, added in 1955. In total, the project included 2,170 housing units on 47 acres. At first, the complex was popular among many Detroit residents who were eager to move into the new buildings. But by the late 1960s, the buildings had become a haven for drug dealers and an area with a high crime rate.

Redevelopment
Five towers of the complex were demolished in 1997, and four additional towers were imploded in 2001 to make way for the redevelopment of the site. An additional tower was demolished approximately two years later. The remaining tenants of the Jeffries were moved to Freedom Place and Research Park housing complexes, approximately 8 city blocks from the Jeffries, while the redevelopment took place. A development by Scripps Park Associates was built on the site of Jeffries West and named "Woodbridge Estates" at a cost of $92 million. Woodbridge Estates includes 281 mixed-income housing rental units, 101 owner-occupancy attached and detached single-family homes, a 100-unit senior housing apartment building, plus 297 units of senior housing in the three remaining towers of the former Jeffries West.

Jeffries East was demolished in 2008 and the site redeveloped as mixed-income complex named "Cornerstone," completed in late 2012 developed in three phases.. It included the development of 180 rental units in 30 buildings of townhomes and duplexes, consisting of 138 public housing units and 42 affordable housing rental units. Former residents of Jeffries East in good standing with the Detroit Housing Commission were permitted to return to the new complex.

title: Jeffries Projects


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Corbeta Uruguay base

Corbeta Uruguay base was an Argentine military outpost established in November 1976 on Thule Island, Southern Thule, in the South Sandwich Islands. It was vacated and mostly demolished in 1982 following Britain's victory against Argentina in the Falklands War.

History

Earlier, in January 1955, Argentina had established the summer station, Teniente Esquivel, at Ferguson Bay on the southeastern coast. That station was evacuated in January 1956 because of a volcanic eruption on the neighbouring Cook Island.

The Corbeta Uruguay base was established in 1976 by the military dictatorship governing Argentina to reinforce the Argentine territorial claims to British territory in the South Atlantic. The British government became aware of the base in December 1976 but sought a diplomatic solution to the issue until 1982.

Early in the Falklands War, 32 special forces troops from Corbeta Uruguay were brought to South Georgia by the Argentine Navy ship Bahía Paraíso and landed at Leith Harbour on 25 March 1982.

Corbeta Uruguay remained manned by Argentine personnel until 20 June 1982, when British forces sent a task force to end the Argentine presence, after victory over Argentina in the Falklands War. After the garrison at Corbeta Uruguay surrendered, the facility was left unmanned. In December 1982, it was mostly demolished by the Royal Navy after a patrolling warship, HMS Hecate, discovered that someone had taken down the Union Flag from the base flagpole and run up the flag of Argentina.

The base was named after the Argentine corvette, ARA Uruguay, which rescued Otto Nordenskjöld and his crew in 1903 in the Antarctic Peninsula, near the present-day Esperanza Base. That ship is now a floating museum, permanently berthed in Puerto Madero, Buenos Aires.

title: Corbeta Uruguay base


text: User talk:68.189.169.78

title: User talk:68.189.169.78


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Philippe Noiret

Philippe Noiret (1 October 1930 – 23 November 2006) was a French film actor.

Life and career
Noiret was born in Lille, France, the son of Lucy (Heirman) and Pierre Noiret, a clothing company representative. He was an indifferent student and attended several prestigious Paris schools, including the Lycée Janson de Sailly. He failed several times to pass his baccalauréat exams, so he decided to study theater. He trained at the Centre Dramatique de l'Ouest and toured with the Théâtre National Populaire for seven years, where he met Monique Chaumette, whom he married in 1962. During that time he developed a career as a nightclub comedian in a duo act with Jean-Pierre Darras, in which he played Louis XIV in an extravagant wig opposite Darras as the dramatist Jean Racine. In these roles they satirized the politics of Charles de Gaulle, Michel Debré and André Malraux.

Noiret's screen debut (1949) was an uncredited role in Gigi. In 1955 he appeared in La Pointe Courte directed by Agnès Varda. She said later, "I discovered in him a breadth of talent rare in a young actor." Sporting a pudding-basin haircut, Noiret played a lovelorn youth in the southern fishing port of Sète. He later admitted: "I was scared stiff, and fumbled my way through the part—I am totally absent in the film." He was not cast again until 1960 in Zazie dans le Métro. After playing second leads in Georges Franju's Thérèse Desqueyroux in 1962, and in Le Capitaine Fracasse, from Théophile Gautier's romantic adventure, he became a regular on the French screen, without being cast in major roles until A Matter of Resistance directed by Jean-Paul Rappeneau in 1966. He became a star in France with Yves Robert's Alexandre le Bienheureux.

"When I began to have success in the movies," Noiret told film critic Joe Leydon at the Cannes Film Festival in 1989, "it was a big surprise for me. For actors of my generation—all the men of 50 or 60 now in French movies—all of us were thinking of being stage actors. Even people like Jean-Paul Belmondo, all of us, we never thought we'd become movie stars. So, at the beginning, I was just doing it for the money, and because they asked me to do it. But after two or three years of working on movies, I started to enjoy it, and to be very interested in it. And I'm still very interested in it, because I've never really understood how it works. I mean, what is acting for the movies? I've never really understood."

Noiret was cast primarily as the Everyman character, although he did not hesitate to accept controversial roles, such as in La Grande Bouffe, a film about suicide by overeating, which caused a scandal at Cannes in 1973, and in 1991 André Téchiné cast Noiret in J'embrasse pas (I Don't Kiss), as a melancholy old homosexual obsessed with young male flesh. And in 1987, in The Gold Rimmed Glasses based on Giorgio Bassani's novel about the cramped social life of post-war Ferrara in Italy, he played an elderly and respectable doctor who is gradually suspected of being a covert homosexual with a passion for a beautiful young man (Rupert Everett). Noiret won his first César Award for his role in Vieux Fusil in 1976. His second César came in 1990 for his role in Life and Nothing But.

Noiret appeared in Hollywood-financed films by Alfred Hitchcock (Topaz), George Cukor (Justine), Ted Kotcheff (Who is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe?), Peter Yates (Murphy's War) and Anatole Litvak (The Night of the Generals). But he may be best known for his roles as Alfredo in Cinema Paradiso (1988), Pablo Neruda in Il Postino, and Major Dellaplane in Bertrand Tavernier's Life and Nothing But.

By the time of his death from cancer in Paris in 2006, aged 76, Noiret had more than 100 film roles to his credit. He often joked with interviewers about his virtually non-stop work schedule, telling Joe Leydon in 1989: "You never know what will be the success of a film. And it's always comfortable to be making another film when you're reading terrible notices for your last film. You can say, 'Well, that's a pity, but I'm already working on another job.' It helps in your living. You see, if you're only making one film a year, or one film every year and a half, it's hard. Because when it's a failure, what do you do? What do you become? You're dead."

Awards

 * BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
 * 1990 – Nuovo Cinema Paradiso
 * César Award for Best Actor
 * 1976 – Le Vieux Fusil
 * 1990 – La Vie et rien d'autre

title: Philippe Noiret


text:
Farkhonda Hassan

Farkhonda Hassan (فرخندة حسن) (1930 - 30 October 2020) was a professor of Geology at the American University in Cairo and was chair of the Commission on Human Development and Local Administration of the Shura Council.

Education
Hassan had a BSc in Chemistry and Geology from Cairo University, an MSc in Solid State Science from the American University in Cairo, and a PhD in Geology from the University of Pittsburgh (United States). She also held a Diploma in Psychology and Education from Ain Shams University in Egypt.

Career
Hassan was co-chair of the Gender Advisory Board of the United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development and Secretary-General (2001) and Member of the National Council for Women in Egypt since 2000. As a scientist, politician, and development specialist, she had a career centered on women's causes in policies, public services, sciences, information and technology, social work at grass roots level, education and culture, and other disciplines. Her affiliations with national and international organizations, non-governmental organizations, research and knowledge institutions were directed towards women's empowerment. Hassan served as a short-term consultant and expert to several international and regional programs organized by various United Nations organizations such as UNIFEM, UNDP, INSTRAW and UNESCO.

title: Farkhonda Hassan


text:
User:Potatophone

About Me
wot

title: User:Potatophone


text:
User talk:Holger1076

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
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 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
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 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also

a place to go for answers to general questions. To read up on the latest wikinews,

have a look at the Wikipedia Signpost.

You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 00:05, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Holger1076


text:
Citroën Elysée

The Citroën Élysée is a small family saloon car produced for the Chinese domestic market by the Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile, a joint venture between the French PSA Group (Peugeot-Citroën) and the Chinese manufacturer Dongfeng Motor. Production commenced in June 2002.

2002-2008: Élysée
Introduced in 2002 with a 4-door sedan body, the car was nothing more than a profound restyling of the previous Citroën Fukang or the specific version for the Chinese market of the Citroën ZX produced by the joint venture between the PSA Group and the Chinese manufacturer Dongfeng Motor in the Wuhan plant. The Élysée, while maintaining the layout of the old car, introduced a totally new front with new headlights inherited from the second series Peugeot 306, a new grille and bumpers similar to those of the Saxo and new taillights made their debut at the rear. Inside, the change was more evident: the same dashboard as the Xsara debuts with a rounded and more modern style and the finish and overall quality of the car are greatly improved. The engine range consisted of the 1.4 four-cylinder 75 horsepower with 5-speed manual gearbox and the 1.6 four-cylinder delivering 88 and 105 horsepower with a 5-speed manual and a four-speed automatic gearbox. Shortly after the launch, the Élysée VIP was also introduced, a version with the wheelbase extended by 16 centimeters and a 4.50 meter long bodywork characterized by richer and more luxurious fittings with faux briar finishes and leather seats as well as external chrome along the car body. The VIP engine was the only 1.6 four-cylinder sixteen valve engine delivering 105 horsepower combined with a 4-speed automatic gearbox.

2008: the C-Élysée debuts
On April 8, 2008, an updated version was presented at the Beijing Motor Show and there was a change of name to C-Élysée and at the same time the car underwent another restyling to bring it into line with the range of cars produced by Citroën for the Chinese market. ; the "C" in the name was chosen to maintain consistency in the new names adopted by the manufacturer. The most evident aesthetic change was in the grille, now in line with the European Citroën, and in particular with the second generation of the Citroën C5, as it incorporated the emblem into the two large horizontal chromed bars that made up the grille itself. In total, 300 changes were made by Dongfeng technicians compared to the previous model. The new car was a step lower than the C-Triomphe based on the C4, and was equipped with the 109 HP 1.6 16v engine, as well as a decidedly more modern equipment than the previous Élysée, which included the latest generation ABS system. , updated suspension and an audio system with USB socket. As for the transmission, there were two gearbox variants available: 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic. Inside, the dashboard maintained the same setting as the previous one, but new seats with better padding were introduced. The VIP variant was also restyled. Starting from 2009, the C-Élysée was also offered with a hatchback two-volume bodywork, replacing the old Fukang: in this case the rear lights, while recalling in form those of a normal ZX or a normal Fukang a two volumes, were more rounded in the corners and were more modern in the graphics of the plastics.

2012: last update
In 2012, a final restyling of the car was presented which saw only the front bumpers and rear light clusters modified. The general line remains the same as the 2008 model. The 5-door and VIP models are out of production replaced by the locally assembled Citroën C4 5-door and sedan. Production of the first generation of C-Elysee ends in early 2013 when the parent company begins to produce the second generation of the car, completely new and the result of a global project.

Design
The Élysée was designed in China and is derived from the Citroën ZX, with many parts (including the dashboard) taken from the Citroën Xsara and Citroën Saxo.

The car has a VTS sport version with only red colour.

Related vehicle
The platform and the engine of the Élysée/Fukang was used by Dongfeng Motor for the Dongfeng Fengshen S30

title: Citroën Elysée


text:
User talk:Rend~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also

a place to go for answers to general questions. To read up on the latest wikinews,

have a look at the Wikipedia Signpost.

You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 00:06, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Abundance of the chemical elements in organisms
Hi Rend, you added a table to the article, with data from the book Biochemistry by Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell. You wrote that the numbers are "number of atoms for a thousand carbon atoms". Looking at the numbers, I don't think that is true, it's more likely the mass per 1000 mass units of carbon and not atoms per 1000 atoms. Icek 15:34, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

 * See also Talk:Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements. A carbon atom has about 12 times the mass of a hydrogen atom. Even disregarding the water and looking only at the organic compounds in organisms, the number of hydrogen atoms is certainly larger than 1/4 the number of carbon atoms. If it were not the number of atoms but the mass of the hydrogen that is 8 - 25 % of the mass of carbon, then the number of hydrogen atoms would be 96 - 300 % of the number of carbon atoms, which is certainly closer to reality. But the number for oxygen also seems to be too low as most organisms consist mainly of water. Icek 13:03, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Re:Laplacian
I replied at Talk:Laplace operator. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 05:38, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Rend. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Rend~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:22, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:02, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rend~enwiki


text:
Business case

A business case captures the reasoning for initiating a project or task. Many projects, but not all, are initiated by using a business case. It is often presented in a well-structured written document, but may also come in the form of a short verbal agreement or presentation. The logic of the business case is that, whenever resources such as money or effort are consumed, they should be in support of a specific business need. An example could be that a software upgrade might improve system performance, but the "business case" is that better performance would improve customer satisfaction, require less task processing time, or reduce system maintenance costs. A compelling business case adequately captures both the quantifiable and non-quantifiable characteristics of a proposed project. According to the Project Management Institute, a business case is a "value proposition for a proposed project that may include financial and nonfinancial benefit."

Business cases can range from comprehensive and highly structured, as required by formal project management methodologies, to informal and brief. Information included in a formal business case could be the background of the project, the expected business benefits, the options considered (with reasons for rejecting or carrying forward each option), the expected costs of the project, a gap analysis and the expected risks. Consideration should also be given to the option of doing nothing including the costs and risks of inactivity. From this information, the justification for the project is derived.

Reasons for creating a business case
Business cases are created to help decision-makers ensure that:
 * the proposed initiative will have value and relative priority compared to alternative initiatives based on the objectives and expected benefits laid out in the business case.

 * the performance indicators found in the business case are identified to be used for proactive realization of the business and behavioral change.

Business process design
The business case process should be designed to be:
 * adaptable – tailored to the size and risk of the proposal
 * consistent – the same basic business issues are addressed by every project
 * business oriented – concerned with the business capabilities and impact, rather than having a technical focus
 * comprehensive – includes all factors relevant to a complete evaluation
 * understandable – the contents are clearly relevant, logical and, although demanding, are simple to complete and evaluate
 * measurable – all key aspects can be quantified so their achievement can be tracked and measured
 * transparent – key elements can be justified directly
 * accountable – accountability and commitments for the delivery of benefits and management of costs are clear.

Components of a business case report
A good business case report brings confidence and accountability into the field of making investment decisions. It is a compilation of all information collected during enterprise analysis and the business case process. The key objective is to provide evidence and justification for continuing with the investment proposition.

A business case can include details such as strategic alignment, return on investments, risk exposure assessment, feasibility study, expected Key Performance Indicators, evaluations and alternative measures.

Example of a business case report structure
Here is an example of a report structure for a business case:
 * Preface
 * Table of contents
 * Executive briefing
 * Recommendation
 * Summary of results
 * Decision to be taken
 * Introduction
 * Business drivers
 * Scope
 * Financial metrics
 * Analysis
 * Assumptions
 * Cash flow statement (net present value, etc.)
 * Costs
 * Benefits
 * Risk
 * Implementation plan
 * Strategic options
 * Opportunity costs
 * Conclusion, recommendation, and next steps
 * Appendix

Review and approval
At various stages in the project, the business case should be reviewed to ensure that:
 * The justification is still valid,
 * The project will deliver the solution to the business need.

The result of a review may be the termination or amendment of the project. The business case may also be subject to amendment if the review concludes that the business need has abated or changed, this will have a knock on effect on the project.

Public sector projects
Many public sector projects are now required to justify their need through a business case. In the public sector, the business case is argued in terms of Cost–benefit analysis, which may include both financial and non-financial cost and benefits. This allows the business to take into account societal and environmental benefits, allowing a more comprehensive understanding of economic impacts.

title: Business case


text:
Category:Pennsylvania State University

Articles and categories related to Pennsylvania State University

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Pennsylvania State University


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Western Nilotic languages

The Western Nilotic languages are one of the three primary branches of the Nilotic languages, along with the Eastern Nilotic languages and Southern Nilotic languages; Themselves belonging to the Eastern Sudanic subfamily of Nilo-Saharan. The about 22 (SIL estimate) Western Nilotic languages are spoken in an area ranging from southwestern Ethiopia and South Sudan via northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Uganda to southwestern Kenya (with one of the Luo languages extending into northern Tanzania).

Families
The Western Nilotic languages are Nilotic languages, which themselves are part of the Kir–Abbaian and Eastern Sudan subfamilies of the much larger Nilo-Saharan language family.

Subdivisions
Western Nilotic is divided into two main clusters: Dinka–Nuer and Luo. The Luo Languages are languages spoken by the Luo peoples. They include but are not fully limited to, Shilluk, Luwo, Thuri, Belanda Bor, Burun, Päri, Anuak, and Southern Luo. Although mostly being considered a Western Nilotic language and part of the Luo language group, the Burun languages are thought by linguist Roger Blench as a fourth subgroup of Nilotic. The Dinka-Nuer Languages are the larger of the two subgroups and are spoken primarily in South Sudan. These languages include the Dinka language, Nuer, and Atuot. It is also popular belief of linguists that Burun is a third subgroup of Western Nilotic.

 * Dinka–Nuer (Nuer–Reel (Atuot), Dinka or Thuongjang)
 * Luo (Shilluk, Luwo (Jur), Thuri, Belanda Bor, Burun (Northern and Southern), Päri, Anuak, Southern Luo)

title: Western Nilotic languages


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Blockland (video game)

Blockland is a sandbox game in which players build and play using Lego-like building blocks in singleplayer and multiplayer. It was created by American developer Eric "Badspot" Hartman, using the Torque Game Engine, and was originally released as freeware on November 15, 2004. The game is not endorsed by, or affiliated with, the Lego brand, but at one point, Lego was in talks with Hartman about purchasing the game. Blockland was spotlighted on The Screen Savers on February 11, 2005, drastically increasing the user base overnight. It has also been featured on Shack News. Blockland was officially released on February 24, 2007. It was released on Steam in December 2013 after spending nearly a year on Steam Greenlight.

Gameplay
Blockland is an open-ended sandbox game, giving players the freedom to design and construct elaborate structures. Styled as a minifigure, players build inside of the virtual world using bricks reminiscent of toy blocks. These structures can be built in either a single-player or multiplayer server. Any player who buys the game is able to host a standard server, holding up to 100 players.

The properties of individual bricks can be changed, such as illumination, particles, and specularity. Blockland features non-player characters, weapons, destructible vehicles, and a minigame system, enabling users to create new self-contained gameplay modes. These can range from deathmatch to full games-within-a-game, such as role-playing video game, or zombie survival. Blockland features a trigger and event-based system to create basic interactive objects, such as operable light switches, missile launchers, collapsing structures, or arcade games such as Pong or Breakout. Blockland has a large community of player-created add-on content, such as gamemodes, vehicles, and specialty bricks.

Development
A prototype version of Blockland known as 'Vanilla Blockland' was released on November 15, 2004. Canadian newspaper The Globe and Mail wrote an article on this early version of Blockland, in which creator Eric "Badspot" Hartman claimed the game had gained 20,000 users in the ten days since it "became big", after being featured on The Screen Savers. The retail version of Blockland was completed and released on February 24, 2007. A new version was released in August 2012, removing terrain but adding more dynamic lighting to builds. The game was greenlit on Steam Greenlight in August 2013, and on December 16, Blockland was released on Steam after spending nearly a year on Steam Greenlight.

Shadows and Shaders
Included in the game on August 9, 2012, an update called "Shadows and Shaders" (also known as Version 21) removed the game's traditional 'maps' - open-world terrain - replacing them with a flat field. GLSL shadows and shaders were added, along with customizable skyboxes, and a day/night cycle. Additionally, it provided users with the ability to make custom shader files.

title: Blockland (video game)