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Talk:University of Chile

Lema
Tiene lema la U? —Cantus… ☎   05:03, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC

 * No es oficial pero se usa mucho "LA Universidad de Chile" o "La PRIMERA Universidad de Chile"

Disambiguation
What about a disambiguation page? i don't know if there is more people who want to see the university page instead the football club.

ABOUT UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
Sería bueno poner una lista de personalidades que han estudiado en "la Chile", tal como existe en páginas de universidades americanas ó europeas.

Agregué un poco de información sobre el período de Régimen militar y los cambios que tuvo en la U
Sorry, but that's not "information", it contains a lot of biased views and opinions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.27.103.226 (talk) 15:09, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

Oldest institution in America [Americas]
isn't Harvard University the oldest university in "the Americas"? I think it should say "the oldest institution in Latin-America.
 * Harvard isn't the oldest in america, it's San Marcos University, Lima.

List of people
I've decided to move the Universidad de Chile people to a separate article. Please add data. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Mechonbarsa (talk • contribs) 17:19, 14 March 2007 (UTC).

Ranking
Anonymus 190.46.164.104 wrote about his edition: "This is controvertial, as many rankings put it behind PUC in terms or research and prestige. Besides, it's widely known that PUC concentrates the best applicants which is reflected on the PSU score". That's false. The PUC generally use PSU requirements with fewer (or no) ponderation for specific tests. Specific usually gives lesser scores. Comparing the standard ponderation of the PSU, UCH gets similar or better applicants. And, as its registered in many studies, it's widely superior in research and publication.IsmaelPR 19:50, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Translation draft
One user began a draft translation of the Spanish version of this article in his userspace, but seems to have abandoned it. You may want to incorporate some or all of it here. See User:Andres chile 123/Workshop. Calliopejen1 (talk) 17:18, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:University of Chile


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User talk:Drrock

Hi - welcome to Wikipedia, I'm glad to have another geologist here. I've edited your Sedimentary basin analysis to make it more Wiki style standard and added a category along with a stub notice. Wikipedia is a fun place to learn. Please take it easy with the specialized jargon (or explain/define it when needed) as most readers aren't geologists and jargon justs adds confusion for them. Enjoy. -Vsmith 05:03, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Ocean acidification
Hi Drrock. Just to say that I removed your commentary from the ocean acidification article. Such remarks are more appropriate on the talk page since they were essentially discussion points. For reference, article space is for the sort of material you'd expect in an encyclopaedia, talk space is for discussions about how articles can be improved. Your comments were definitely in the latter category. To this end, I've moved them to Talk:Ocean acidification and have posted a reply. I hope that this helps. Anyway, welcome (again) to Wikipedia - have fun editing. --P LUMBAGO 08:44, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

P.S. Sorry for the confusing "welcome to wikipedia" mention above. I saw that you only had a few edits here but failed to spot the dates (back to 2005) so mistakenly thought you were new here. My apologies. --P LUMBAGO 09:12, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

December 2015
Hello, I'm Elvey. I noticed that you made a change to an article, William Happer, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so! If you need guidance on referencing, please see the referencing for beginners tutorial, or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. ''Re this edit. possibly a reliable source? ditto.'' Elvey(t•c) 16:17, 11 December 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Drrock


text: Category:Wikipedia multilingual coordination


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Liushui

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 03:13, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)

Liushui
Doesn't seem to be notable, or is a prank or localism, as I can't find any thing to verify it. Liushui martial, "Liu shui" martial, "Michael Muise" martial, "Sladic Pajazetovic" all get a small number of hits, mostly in the single or double digits, but I haven't found any that refer to a martial art by this name. Sole contrib of an anon, so a request for more info or references unlikely to be answered. Niteowlneils 05:04, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks like a "fanmade" martial arts style. Delete unless notability can be established. Kappa 08:28, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as definitely non-notable, vanity, original research, etc. Fire Star 16:12, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, original research, possible hoax. Megan1967 01:12, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 05:40, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Liushui


text:
Walter Langton

Walter Langton (died 1321) of Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire, was Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield and King's Treasurer. The life of Langton was strongly influenced by his uncle William Langton (d. 1279), Archbishop of York-elect, by Robert Burnell, Lord Chancellor of England and then by the years in which he served King Edward I. Lichfield Cathedral was improved and enriched at his expense.

Origins
His origins were long unclear but following recent research (Hughes, 1992) it is now apparent that he was the eldest son of Simon Peverel of "Langton" in Leicestershire, the exact location of which estate is uncertain (see below). He thus adopted the surname "de Langton" in lieu of his patronymic. His brother (it is now established) was Robert Peverel (d. 1317) of Brington and Ashby David in Northamptonshire, an ancestor of Joan de la Pole, suo jure 4th Baroness Cobham (d. 1434) "of Kent", whose prominent descendants the Brooke family, Barons Cobham, are known to have quartered the arms of Peverel of Langton (Gules, a fess between nine cross-crosslets or). The Bishop, however, eschewed his paternal arms as well as surname, as his arms are said to have been Or, a fess chequy gules and azure. Langton appears to have been no relation of his contemporary, John Langton, Bishop of Chichester.

Estate of Langton
"Langton" is an ancient parish situated four miles north of Market Harborough containing the five estates of Church Langton (the site of the "mother church of the parish"), East Langton, Langton West, Thorpe Langton and Tur Langton, covering in total 4,409 acres. Although by tradition West Langton was the birth-place of the Bishop, the estate he later owned was Thorpe Langton. From the 12th century the estate of Thorpe Langton was split into two fees, the "Huntingdon fee" and the "Basset fee", and it was the latter which was held by the Peverel family, from the Basset overlords. In 1279 Ralph Peverel held 3½ virgates in demesne and 2 virgates in villeinage, from his immediate feudal overlord a certain "Thomas de Langton", who in turn held of Richard Burdet, who held of Robert de Tateshall, who held of Ralph Basset, the tenant-in-chief. The Bishop succeeded Ralph Peverel as the principal tenant of the Basset fee, by a grant from Richard de Pydyngton, mesne lord and in 1300 he received a royal grant of free warren "over his demesne lands in Langton and Thorpe Langton". In 1307 his lands were declared forfeit, but in 1309 he is recorded as holding ¼ of a knight's fee in Thorpe Langton. On his death he held only 3 acres at Thorpe Langton.

Before royal service
According to Hughes (1991): "In October 1298 Langton was licensed by Henry of Newark, archbishop of York, to ordain Walter and Robert Clipston, (his nephews), then aged seven and five years respectively, to all minor orders".

Although there is little research on the issue, Langton may have entered the church at a similar age. It is known that his uncle William Langton became Dean of York in 1262 and he may have come under his uncle's supervision at that time. In 1265 his uncle William Langton was elected Archbishop of York, but his appointment was superseded by the Pope's appointment of Bonaventura. In public life both men adopted for surname ''de Langton", the name of their family's manor of Langton in Leicestershire.

Copies of charters preserved in his register, by which Langton granted land and the advowson of the church of Adlingfleet, Yorkshire, to Selby Abbey, clearly states his paternity: Langton names himself as "the son and heir of Simon Peverel".

Keighley Shared Church is represented by St Andrew's Church at Keighley, West Yorkshire. Amongst its rectors is listed Walter de Langton, inducted 1272. More research into the Langton's life at this time may shed more light into his relationship with the wife of Sir John Lovetot.

It is said in the chronicles that King Edward I of England selected Langton for his service.

Servant of King Edward I
Though Lord Chancellor, Bishop Robert Burnell of Bath and Wells was also Archdeacon of York. It may be supposed through his duties in York he became a friend of William Langton and through the two men, Walter Langton was introduced to the King. The King must have liked the young man, for he selected him for his service and in later years Langton became "unquestionably Edwards's first minister and almost his only real confidant".

Appointed a clerk in the royal chancery, Langton became a favourite servant of Edward I, and was appointed Keeper of the wardrobe from 1290 to 1295. He took part in the suit over the succession to the Scottish throne in 1292, and visited France more than once on diplomatic business. In 1293 he rushed to Lambeth to obtain a charter transferring the Isle of Wight to the king from Isabella de Fortibus who was near to death. He became Treasurer from 1295 to 1307 and obtained several ecclesiastical preferments,. On 20 February 1296 he was elected bishop of Lichfield, being consecrated on 23 December. As bishop he rebuilt the diocesan seat, Eccleshall Castle, in a more lavish style.

Having become unpopular, the barons in 1301 vainly asked Edward to dismiss Langton; about the same time he was accused of murder, adultery and simony. Suspended from his office, he went to Rome to be tried before Pope Boniface VIII, who referred the case to Winchelsea, archbishop of Canterbury; the archbishop, although Langton's lifelong enemy, found him innocent, and this sentence was confirmed by Pope Boniface in 1303. Little is said about the nature of the charges of witchcraft against Bishop Walter Langton. By inference Pope Boniface VIII was charged, about the same time with Invocation, consultation of diviners, and other offenses, by officials of King Philip IV of France, about which more information is available.

Accounts by historians say little about how Langton escaped the charges of witchcraft at the tribunal at the Vatican over the 2 years he had to defend himself there. But a strong protest from King Edward I saw Pope Boniface refer the case back to English jurisdiction. Langton was allowed to return to England and his was eventually found innocent. This incident represents a political struggle between the Archbishop Robert Winchelsea, the King and his councillor.

Throughout these difficulties, and also during a quarrel with the prince of Wales, afterwards Edward II, the treasurer was loyally supported by the king. Visiting Pope Clement V on royal business in 1305, Langton appears to have persuaded Clement to suspend Winchelsea; after his return to England he was the chief adviser of Edward I, who had already appointed him the principal executor of his will.

After the King's death
There is an elaborate pictorial representation of the life of King Edward I in Langton's residence housed outside of the Cathedral of Lichfield.

Langton's position, however, was changed by the king's death in July 1307. The accession of Edward II and the return of Langton's enemy, Piers Gaveston, were quickly followed by the arrest of the bishop, his removal from office, and imprisonment at London, Windsor and Wallingford. His lands, together with a great hoard of movable wealth, were seized, and he was accused of misappropriation and venality. In spite of the intercession of Clement V and even of the restored Archbishop Winchelsea, who was anxious to uphold the privileges of his order, Langton, accused again by the barons in 1309, remained in prison after Edward's surrender to the ordainers in 1310.

He was released in January 1312 and again became treasurer on the 23rd; but he was disliked by the ordainers, who forbade him to discharge the duties of his office. Excommunicated by Winchelsea, he appealed to the pope, visited him at Avignon, and returned to England after the archbishop's death in May 1313. He was a member of the royal council from this time until his dismissal at the request of parliament in 1315.

Death, burial & succession
He died on 9 November 1321 and was buried in Lichfield Cathedral. His heir was his nephew Edmund Peverel, son of his brother Robert Peverel (d. 1317), said to have been murdered at Castle Ashby. Edmund Peverel left a daughter and heiress Margaret Peverel, who married Sir William de la Pole (1316–1366), a first cousin of Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk.

Landholdings
Apart from his landholdings at "Langton" in Leicestershire (see above), he held other estates including Brington, and Newbottle, both in Northamptonshire, for which in 1307 he received a royal grant of free warren. His chief seat appears to have been Castle Ashby in Northamptonshire, which he obtained in 1306 from Oliver la Zouche and in the same year received royal licence to crenellate, after which the manor obtained its prefix "Castle", having previously been called Ashby David. He conveyed Brington and Castle Ashby to his brother Robert Peverel and his wife Alice, and the estates descended to their son Edmund Peverel, the Bishop's nephew.

Building works, See of Lichfield
Thomas Harwood (1806), historian of Lichfield Cathedral called Langton "another founder of this church" and listed his building works as follows: He cleaned the ditch around the Close, and surrounded it with a stone wall: he built the cloisters, and expended two thousand pounds upon a monument for St. Chad. He laid the foundation of St. Mary's chapel, in the cathedral, an edifice of uncommon beauty, in which he was interred; but dying before it was finished, he bequeathed a sufficient sum of money in his will to complete it. He built bridges over the Minster pool, which made an easy communication with the city. One such bridge, now underground, is commemorated by a plaque. He obtained a grant from the Crown to lay an impost, for twenty-one years, upon the inhabitants, to pave the streets. He improved the condition of the Vicars Choral, by augmenting their income, and by conferring upon them great privileges. He gave his own palace at the west end of the Close to them, and erected a new episcopal palace at the north-east end. This palace was spacious and splendid; the great hall of which was an hundred feet long, and fifty-six broad, painted with the coronation, marriages, wars, and funeral of his patron, K. Edward I.; and these costly decorations were remaining so late as the time of Erdeswicke, in 1603. He presented to the church large quantities of silver-plate, and many valuable vestments. He erected that noble gate at the west entrance into the Close, a beautiful structure, worthy of its munificent founder; and which, in April 1800, was, with a barbarous taste, pulled down, and the materials applied to lay the foundation of a pile of new buildings, for the residence of necessitous widows of clergymen. He also built another beautiful gate at the south entrance, which was removed about fifty years ago. He built or enlarged the castle at Eccleshall, the manor-houses of Heywood and Shugborough, and the palace in the Strand, London.

title: Walter Langton


text:
Search problem

In the mathematics of computational complexity theory, computability theory, and decision theory, a search problem is a type of computational problem represented by a binary relation. Intuitively, the problem consists in finding structure "y" in object "x". An algorithm is said to solve the problem if at least one corresponding structure exists, and then one occurrence of this structure is made output; otherwise, the algorithm stops with an appropriate output ("not found" or any message of the like).

Every search problem also has a corresponding decision problem, namely

 * $$L(R)=\{x\mid \exists y R(x,y)\}. \, $$

This definition may be generalized to n-ary relations using any suitable encoding which allows multiple strings to be compressed into one string (for instance by listing them consecutively with a delimiter).

More formally, a relation R can be viewed as a search problem, and a Turing machine which calculates R is also said to solve it. More formally, if R is a binary relation such that field(R) ⊆ Γ+ and T is a Turing machine, then T calculates R if:

 * If x is such that there is some y such that R(x, y) then T accepts x with output z such that R(x, z) (there may be multiple y, and T need only find one of them)
 * If x is such that there is no y such that R(x, y) then T rejects x

(Note that the graph of a partial function is a binary relation, and if T calculates a partial function then there is at most one possible output.)

Such problems occur very frequently in graph theory and combinatorial optimization, for example, where searching for structures such as particular matchings, optional cliques, particular stable sets, etc. are subjects of interest.

Definition
A search problem is often characterized by:
 * A set of states
 * A start state
 * A goal state or goal test: a boolean function which tells us whether a given state is a goal state
 * A successor function: a mapping from a state to a set of new states

Objective
Find a solution when not given an algorithm to solve a problem, but only a specification of what a solution looks like.

Search method
Input: a graph, a set of start nodes, Boolean procedure goal(n) that tests if n is a goal node. frontier := {s : s is a start node}; while frontier is not empty: select and remove path  from frontier; if goal(nk) return ; for every neighbor n of nk           add  to frontier; end while
 * Generic search algorithm: given a graph, start nodes, and goal nodes, incrementally explore paths from the start nodes.
 * Maintain a frontier of paths from the start node that have been explored.
 * As search proceeds, the frontier expands into the unexplored nodes until a goal node is encountered.
 * The way in which the frontier is expanded defines the search strategy.

title: Search problem


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Rock music in Switzerland

Rock and roll first entered Switzerland in the 1950s, as a series of American musicians popularized the style internationally.

Summary
The first Swiss rock band of note were Les Sauterelles, formed in 1962 and often referred to as "the Swiss Beatles". Their Shadows influenced all-instrumental 1965 single, "Hongkong", was the first beat song to hit number 1 on the Swiss Hitparade. Even more successful, their 1968 single, "Heavenly Club", topped the Swiss charts for seven weeks. After the group's demise in 1970, members of Les Sauterelles would go on to other Swiss bands such as Krokodil, Toad and TEA; vocalist Tony Vescoli would launch a solo career as a singer/songwriter.

Formed in 1969, Krokodil was an influential early Swiss progressive rock group, using exotic instruments such as the sitar. Comprising Zürich scene veterans Hardy Hepp, Walty Anselmo and Düde Dürst (ex-Les Sauterelles), with Mojo Weideli and English bassist Terry Stevens rounding out the line-up, Krokodil released a total of 5 albums through 1973. The Swiss progressive rock and psychedelia scene also produced bands such as The Shiver, Brainticket, Island, Ertlif and Flame Dream. Bern's Sinus Studio was long the most influential studio in Switzerland.

The commercially most successful Swiss rock band of the 1970s were Rumpelstilz, fronted by "the Bob Dylan of Switzerland", Polo Hofer. Rumpelstilz were pioneers of Mundartrock preferring to sing in Bernese German rather than English. Their 1976 album Füüf Narre im Charre (five jesters in the wheelbarrow) produced the massive hit singles "Teddybär" and "Kiosk", respectively. After the breakup of Rumpelstilz in 1978 Hofer would go on to a very successful solo career. His 1985 song "Alpenrose", co-written with former Rumpelstilz bandmate Hanery Ammann, was voted "Biggest Swiss Hit" of all time in 2006 by a Swiss German television audience. Rumpelstilz and Hofer were highly influential on bands like fellow Bernese rockers Züri West and Patent Ochsner, Switzerland most successful Mundartrock bands today.

Notable 1970s Swiss hard and heavy rock acts include Brainticket off-shoot Toad, a bluesy power trio perhaps best known for their debut single "Stay!", Marc Storace fronted semi-progressive outfit TEA, and Krokus who quickly rose to become the most popular Swiss hard rock hand when they added the aforementioned Storace as their new lead vocalist in time for 1980's more heavy metal influenced Metal Rendez-Vous, their international break through. Their Tom Allom produced 1983 album, Headhunter, peaked at #25 on the U.S. Billboard 200 charts and was RIAA certified gold in the United States, making it the best-selling Swiss record in history. Other Swiss hard rock bands to emerge in the wake of Krokus included their Solothurn neighbors Killer, Black Angels, Crown, Steve Whitney Band, Stormbringer, Witchcraft, Bloody Six, Paganini as well as China, Satrox and Alison in the latter part of the 1980s and early 90s.

At about the same period, there were a number of punk and pub rock influenced bands, including the Looney Tunes, The Swiss Horns, Red Devil Band, Circus and Irrwisch.

In the early 1980s, extreme metal pioneers Hellhammer emerged from suburban Zürich before morphing into the more sophisticated Celtic Frost, a groundbreaking band whose pivotal early albums, Morbid Tales, To Mega Therion (with cover artwork by famed Swiss artist H.R. Giger) and Into the Pandemonium, revolutionized heavy metal musically as well as aesthetically. After the initial breakup of Celtic Frost, band leader Tom Warrior, a.k.a. Tom Gabriel Fischer, formed industrial rock outfit Apollyon Sun before successfully reforming Celtic Frost in 2001. As of 2008, Fischer was leading the CF spin-off Triptykon.

Equally as influential and acclaimed as Celtic Frost are The Young Gods from Switzerland's French speaking Romandy region. Formed in 1985 and debuting with their self-titled album in 1987, the experimental Industrial Rock trio, led by sole constant member Franz Treichler, a.k.a. Franz Muse, have released 8 studio albums to date and have been acknowledged as an influence by the likes of David Bowie, U2's The Edge and Faith No More's Mike Patton. Other Romandy acts of international repute are Valais extreme metal band Samael and Geneva's futuristic cyber metalists, Sybreed.

Another Zürich area band, with ties to Celtic Frost, are internationally renowned progressive thrash trio Coroner who released a string of highly acclaimed albums such as No More Color and Mental Vortex in the late 1980s through the mid 1990s. After the demise of Coroner, guitarist Tommy T. Baron, a.k.a. Tommy Vetterli, briefly joined German thrashers Kreator while drummer Marquis Marky, a.k.a. Markus Edelmann, became a member of Tom Warrior's short lived Apollyon Sun. As of 2010, Coroner were active again doing live shows. Yet another Zürich area metal band that made an impression in the late 1980s were Uster based five-piece Drifter with two major label releases, Reality Turns to Dust and Nowhere to Hide, to their credit. Other notable Swiss extreme metal acts of that era include Messiah, Excruciation, Bloodstar and Calhoun Conquer.

In the early 1990s, a very active neo-prog scene began to flourish in the Southern Swiss Canton of Ticino, primarily exemplified by two bands, Clepsydra (InsideOut Music) and Shakary (SHK Records). Another Ticino band, Lugano based Gotthard, emerged in 1992 with their eponymous debut album (their only album not to reach number 1 on the Swiss album charts) and, guided by former Krokus bassist Chris von Rohr, went on to become the most commercially successful Swiss hard rock group since the heyday of Krokus, with numerous gold and platinum certified releases in Switzerland during the course of their 25-year career. The group's best selling album, Homerun, has been certified 3 x platinum for sales in excess of 90,000 copies in their home country. In the shadows of Gotthard, Bern natives Shakra, who first came on the scene with their self-titled 1998 debut album, have established a solid career with several of their releases entering the Swiss and German album charts.

Switzerland's internationally most success new band of the last 10 years have been Eluveitie whose eclectic folk metal style incorporates characteristics of melodic death metal combined with the melodies of traditional Celtic music. Their 2014 album, Origins, reached number 1 on the Swiss album charts.

Literature

 * Grand, Lurker. Die Not Hat Ein Ende. The Swiss Art of Rock. Edition Patrick Frey, 2015. ISBN 978-3-905929-77-5
 * Grand, Lurker. Heute und danach – The Swiss Underground Music Scene of the 80s. Edition Patrick Frey, 2012. ISBN 978-3-905929-21-8
 * Grand, Lurker. Hot Love – Swiss Punk & Wave 1976–1980. Edition Patrick Frey, 2006. ISBN 978-3-905509-62-5

title: Rock music in Switzerland


text:
Talk:Symplectic Geometry

Article titles in Wikipedia should be lower case after the first letter (see Naming conventions). There is already a symplectic geometry page (which currently redirects to symplectic manifold). This page duplicates much of the material there (also see symplectic vector space). We should really only have one page discussing each concept. -- Fropuff 05:11, 2005 Feb 6 (UTC)

Good points, all. Sorry I missed the naming conventions, and I don't know why I didn't find the articles before I started writing. Do we just replace this page with a redirect to symplectic geometry or delete it? Sympleko 12:01, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The correct thing to do is to replace it with a redirect to symplectic manifold (to avoid a double redirect). Feel free to incorporate any of the material here on the appropriate page, or work on expanding those pages. -- Fropuff 15:05, 2005 Feb 8 (UTC)

title: Talk:Symplectic Geometry


text: User talk:193.251.60.99

title: User talk:193.251.60.99


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Memetics:Memetic defence quotient

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETED. dbenbenn | talk 08:09, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Memetics:Memetic defence quotient
The only result I get when searching for "memetic defence quotient" in Google is the Wikipedia article on Meme. Evil Monkey∴Hello 05:12, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * Looks like nonsense to me. Delete. -- Cyrius|✎ 05:16, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nonsense. RJFJR 06:17, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This article was rejected by my memetic defenses. --Zarquon 07:17, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Article outside of any recognised Namespace. Author claims on xyr talk page not to be creating test pages.  ("I don't experiment and I'm not a 5 year old")  Thus Speedy delete under criterion #3. Uncle G 19:00, 2005 Feb 6 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted as fabricated nonsense. silsor 08:09, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:81.89.192.140

title: User talk:81.89.192.140


text: User talk:24.73.149.165

title: User talk:24.73.149.165


text:
Stop Making Sense

Stop Making Sense is an independently produced 1984 American concert film featuring a live performance by the American rock band Talking Heads. The film was directed by Jonathan Demme and executive produced by Gary Kurfirst, the band’s longtime manager. The film was shot over four nights in December, 1983 at Hollywood’s Pantages Theatre while Talking Heads were on tour promoting their 1983 album, Speaking in Tongues. Stop Making Sense includes performances of the early Talking Heads single, "Psycho Killer" (1977), through to their most recent hit at the time, "Burning Down the House" (1983). It also includes songs from the solo career of frontman David Byrne and by Tom Tom Club, the side project of drummer Chris Frantz and bassist Tina Weymouth.

The band raised the budget of $1.2 million themselves. The four core members of Talking Heads are joined by the backing singers Lynn Mabry and Ednah Holt, the guitarist Alex Weir, the keyboardist Bernie Worrell and the percussionist Steve Scales. Stop Making Sense is considered by many critics to be a classic and one of the greatest concert films of all time. The film is a pioneering example of the use of early digital audio techniques. In 2021, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."

The film's title is derived from a lyric in the song "Girlfriend Is Better."

Plot
Lead singer David Byrne walks on to a bare stage with a portable cassette tape player and an acoustic guitar. He introduces "Psycho Killer" by saying he wants to play a tape, but in reality a Roland TR-808 drum machine starts playing from the mixing board. The gunshot-like beats cause Byrne to stagger "like Jean-Paul Belmondo in the final minutes of Breathless, a hero succumbing, surprised, to violence that he'd thought he was prepared for."

With each successive song, Byrne is joined by more members of the band: first by Tina Weymouth for "Heaven" (with Lynn Mabry providing harmony vocals from backstage), second by Chris Frantz for "Thank You for Sending Me an Angel", and third by Jerry Harrison for "Found a Job". Performance equipment is wheeled out and added to the set to accommodate the additional musicians: back-up singers Lynn Mabry and Ednah Holt, keyboardist Bernie Worrell, percussionist Steve Scales, and guitarist Alex Weir. The first song to feature the entire lineup is "Burning Down the House", although the original 1985 RCA/Columbia Home Video release (which featured three additional songs in two performances edited into the film) has the entire band (minus Worrell) performing "Cities" before this song. The band also performs two songs from Byrne's soundtrack album The Catherine Wheel, "What a Day That Was" and (as a bonus song on the home video release) "Big Business".

Byrne leaves the stage at one point for a costume change, during which the Weymouth–Frantz-led side-band Tom Tom Club perform their song "Genius of Love". The Tom Tom Club performance allows Byrne to don his "big suit", an absurdly large business suit that he wears for the song "Girlfriend Is Better". The suit was partly inspired by Noh theatre styles, and became an icon not only of the film – as it appears on the movie poster, for instance – but of Byrne himself. Byrne said: "I was in Japan in between tours and I was checking out traditional Japanese theater – Kabuki, Noh, Bunraku – and I was wondering what to wear on our upcoming tour. A fashion designer friend (Jurgen Lehl) said in his typically droll manner, 'Well, David, everything is bigger on stage.' He was referring to gestures and all that, but I applied the idea to a businessman's suit." Pauline Kael stated in her review: "When he comes on wearing a boxlike 'big suit' – his body lost inside this form that sticks out around him like the costumes in Noh plays, or like Beuys' large suit of felt that hangs off a wall – it's a perfect psychological fit." On the DVD he gives his reasoning behind the suit: "I wanted my head to appear smaller and the easiest way to do that was to make my body bigger, because music is very physical and often the body understands it before the head."

In a significant departure from most concert films, the audience is mostly unseen during the concert. During the final song, "Crosseyed and Painless," the viewer sees shots of the audience for the first time.

VHS and LaserDisc
* Songs available as extra features on DVD/Blu-ray releases, but not part of the main feature.

Personnel
The following are in order of appearance.
 * David Byrne – lead vocals, guitar
 * Tina Weymouth – bass, keyboard bass, guitar, lead vocals for "Genius of Love"
 * Chris Frantz – drums, vocals for "Genius of Love" and "Burning Down the House"
 * Jerry Harrison – guitar, keyboards, backing vocals
 * Steve Scales – percussion, backing vocals
 * Lynn Mabry – backing vocals
 * Ednah Holt – backing vocals
 * Alex Weir – guitar, backing vocals
 * Bernie Worrell – keyboards

Filming
The filming of Stop Making Sense spanned four live shows at the Pantages Theatre in Los Angeles between December 13 and 16, 1983. Initially, three nights were booked but a fourth night, December 16, was added for additional filming. Although the film was originally recorded using analog techniques, it was later transferred and then digitally edited and mixed using a Sony PCM-3324 24-track digital recorder. Demme has stated that one night of shooting was dedicated almost entirely to wide shots from a distance, to minimize the intrusion of cameras on stage. Demme had considered additional shooting on a soundstage made to recreate the Pantages Theatre, but the band declined to do this, as they thought the lack of audience response would have hindered the energy of their performance. Before the shooting of the movie, David Byrne implored the band to wear neutral-coloured clothing so the stage lights would not illuminate anything too distinctive. However, Frantz's laundry had not come back in time for the first show at the Pantages, and so he wore a turquoise-colored polo shirt for all three nights for continuity.

Demme also considered including more shots of the audience reacting to the performance, as is traditional in concert films. However, he discovered that filming the audience required additional lighting, which inhibited the audience's energy. This in turn made the band feel insecure and thus led to "the worst Talking Heads performance in the history of the band's career". The only direct audience shots in the film occur at the very end, during "Crosseyed and Painless."

The film was conceived with the intention of only filming the concert, with no plans for cutaways to interviews with the band members, or the use of split-screen. The band reflected this was a wise choice in hindsight: the mockumentary This Is Spinal Tap was released in the same year, with Weymouth remarking the film would have inevitably been compared to Spinal Tap had they taken that approach.

Release
The film premiered during the San Francisco International Film Festival on April 24, 1984, and entered commercial release in the United States on October 19, 1984.

When the film was first released on home video, the songs "Cities" and "Big Business"/"I Zimbra" were restored to the performance, thus forming what was dubbed the "special edition" of the film. For the 1999 re-release, these songs were no longer included in sequence with the rest of the footage. It and subsequent video and DVD releases have placed these songs after the film in an unrestored full-frame version.

The film has been released on Blu-ray, widescreen DVD, VHS in both fullscreen and widescreen versions, and at one point Laserdisc (in Japan).

2023 re-release
As part of the deal with the film's original distributor, Cinecom, the ownership of the rights to Stop Making Sense reverted to Byrne, Weymouth, Frantz, and Harrison shortly before the 40th anniversary of its original release. Hoping to commemorate the occasion, the group sought out potential companies to partner with on a re-release, eventually settling on A24. A24 announced they had obtained the distribution rights in March 2023, making Stop Making Sense their second acquisition for re-release following Pi (1998), and revealed plans to release a 4K restoration in theaters the following September.

The studio sought out as much of the original materials as possible for the restoration, but quickly learned after already announcing the release that the original negative for the film was missing: prior distributors simply scanned preexisting screening prints of the film, including for the previous 1999 re-release. After an extensive search, the original negative for the film was found in an MGM film vault, despite MGM not having been involved in the making of the film. Similarly, Eric Thorngren and Talking Heads member Jerry Harrison planned to create new Dolby Atmos sound mixes, initially using materials from the previous distributor and Rhino Records. However, they ran into difficulty when they discovered they did not have the original audience tracks: the original audio was stored in the library of Todd-AO, which had since gone out of business and its building demolished. Eventually, it was discovered that Todd-AO's collection was claimed by Sony, who transported it to a warehouse in Kansas, where the original audio tracks were found in time to be included in the restoration. Using these original tracks, as well as the post-production overdubs originally overseen by Demme to fix mistakes in the film's recording, Thorngren and Harrison painstakingly remastered the film's sound.

The studio premiered the new restoration on September 11, 2023, in 4K on IMAX at the 2023 Toronto International Film Festival, followed by a Q&A hosted by Spike Lee with Byrne, Weymouth, Frantz and Harrison in attendance, reuniting the group for the first time since their induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002. A24 also released a 4K Collector's Edition in May 2024. The home video release includes an extended cut overseen by the members of Talking Heads themselves that includes the performances of the "Cities" and "Big Business / I Zimbra" performances: the original negatives had been lost, but new edits were compiled using the restored footage from the cameras, including unseen footage. Jonathan Demme's own extended cut featuring the missing songs, originally released on VHS and LaserDisc, is also included.

The film entered first as an exclusive IMAX exhibition on September 22, 2023, before heading to conventional theaters on September 29, 2023, globally. Rhino Entertainment also released a new remaster of the film's soundtrack, which includes the complete concert for the first time, on vinyl and digitally on August 18, 2023.

Reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, Stop Making Sense holds an approval rating of 100% based on 66 reviews, with an average rating of 9.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Jonathan Demme's Stop Making Sense captures the energetic, unpredictable live act of peak Talking Heads with colour and visual wit." It won the National Society of Film Critics Award for best non-fiction film in 1984.

The film is widely regarded as one of the finest concert films ever made. Leonard Maltin gave it four out of four, describing it as "brilliantly conceived, shot, edited and performed" and "one of the greatest rock movies ever made." Roger Ebert gave the film a three-and-a-half star rating, writing that "the overwelming [sic] impression throughout Stop Making Sense is of enormous energy, of life being lived at a joyous high...It's a live show with elements of Metropolis...But the film's peak moments come through Byrne's simple physical presence. He jogs in place with his sidemen; he runs around the stage; he seems so happy to be alive and making music...He serves as a reminder of how sour and weary and strung-out many rock bands have become."

Danny Peary described Stop Making Sense as "Riveting...What takes place on stage will make even the most sceptical into Talking Heads converts...[The] performances are invariably exciting, Byrne's lyrics are intriguing. Byrne, his head moving rhythmically as if he had just had shock treatments, is spellbinding – what a talent!...Byrne is known for his belief that music should be performed in an interesting, visual manner, and this should make him proud." Robert Christgau noted the "sinuous, almost elegant clarity" of Demme's direction, while writing that the film had pushed the "limits to how great a rock concert movie can be ... as far as they were liable to go." Christgau described it as "the finest concert film" while Pauline Kael of The New Yorker described it as "close to perfection".

In 1985, the film received the Grand Prix for Best Film at Film Fest Gent.

Legacy
The movie version of "Once in a Lifetime" appeared over the opening credits of the 1986 comedy film Down and Out in Beverly Hills.

Stop Making Sense was parodied in an episode of the comedy series Documentary Now!. In the second-season episode "Final Transmission", the show sees the New Wave band Test Pattern play its final concert. It includes references to the staging and music styles of Talking Heads, with the band's lead singer (played by Fred Armisen) parodying Byrne. Gizmodo screened the episode to Frantz and Weymouth in a video released online, where they both expressed amusement and shock at the level of detail gone into parodying the film.

The iconic image of Byrne's big suit has been parodied on multiple occasions, including a spoof by Rich Hall impersonating Byrne and his big suit on an episode of Saturday Night Live. Byrne himself made light of his massive suit during an appearance on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, where he appeared in a fake ad for "David Byrne's Giant Suit Emporium" promoting his new clothing store while insisting he did not sell giant suits like the one he wore in Stop Making Sense. Byrne makes an appearance in the children's musical comedy special John Mulaney & the Sack Lunch Bunch performing an original song alongside child performer Lexi Perkel. At one point, Byrne and Perkel wear matching pink suits, Perkel's being several sizes too large for her, in reference to Stop Making Sense.

Stop Making Sense is regularly screened as a cult film in revival houses throughout the world. The Astor Theatre in Melbourne, Australia has made a tradition of playing it as part of a "Stop Making Sense Dance Party" every January since 2016. Dancing and audience participation is encouraged, with many turning up in costume and bringing props.

In 2021, Stop Making Sense was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

In January 2024, A24 Music announced a tribute album called Everyone's Getting Involved: A Tribute to Talking Heads' Stop Making Sense, set for release on May 17. The album features 16 bands and artists, including the National, Paramore, Lorde, and Miley Cyrus, covering the Stop Making Sense setlist in order.

title: Stop Making Sense


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Talk:Ludington

This article is redundant and not named very well. There are already entries for the city of Ludington, Michigan and the Ludington Pumped Storage Power Plant which are more descriptive. Since articles cannot be deleted, apparently, I am hoping there is a way to move the article and also retain some additional information that it contains.

 * There's no need to "move" the article. The target article already exists in better form than this one. I've merged what little of this was not in the other, and made this into a disambiguation page. older ≠ wiser 13:58, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ludington


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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Calendars

comments from 2005
Sorry, I was going to put a note here but I got sidetracked. I renamed Wikicalendar and Wikicalendar: 2005 because the names didn't really fit in with Wikipedia articles, which are named simply for their subject. Since Wikicalendar was really a "home page" for this project, I moved it here where it isn't at risk of being deleted. And Wikicalendar: 2005 became Calendars of 2005. If you can think of a better name, go for it. But one warning, try not to duplicate information that's already included at 2005 and Common year starting on Saturday. Rhobite 05:15, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * I was actually thinking of making Wikicalendar a wikiproject, myself; I just wasn't sure if it fit in with the criteria. Anyway, don't worrt about the possibility of duplication of information. This project will only include holidays. No anniversaries, historical events, planned events, etc. Also, this is different from the year articles because it (will eventually) include several different types of calendars. Just keep the Wikicalendar redirect, and I will be happy. --Munchkinguy 05:43, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * One issue is you're not supposed to link to Wikipedia pages such as wikiprojects from articles. If you want a central "navigation" type page to link to each year's calendar page I think that's fine, but that page can't have any references to the wikiproject, except on the talk page. It's important for Wikipedia articles to work independently of the web and of Wikipedia, this is the reason for the self-reference policy. If you do create this navigational page (I can't think of a good name right now), you should probably wait until there is more than one calendar article to link to. Rhobite 06:30, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

I've already raised that concern in the Village Pump, where it all began. So don't worry, it won't duplicate information, not while I'm editing daily. --SunTzu2 06:26, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid it already does duplicate some information - this isn't the end of the world, just something to keep in the back of your mind. Sooner or later someone may come along and propose that the article be merged with 2005 or some other article. Just giving you guys fair warning. Rhobite 06:30, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

We've been careful to put holidays only, so stuff from 2005 like deaths, birthdays (unless they happen to be holidays), and other signifacant events won't go here. And I don't think it will be merged with 2005, it's simply too big. In case you wanna know, it's the 309th longest article and it will get longer when I add the Islamic calendar (and much much more longer when other users add their own calendars). Right now I'm too busy preparing for Chinese New Year. --SunTzu2 03:15, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Templates displaying months
Is this the place to discuss the clever new (early 2005) template system? As mentioned elsewhere, I'm translating the templates into Maori, starting with all those needed for mi:2005.

Is there a really fast way to do the rest?

AND is there a fast way to have the resulting days linking to pages that have the day number before the month name? (I guess 366 redirects would be a reasonable alternative if there isn't a quick way of doing it directly.)

Congratulations to the programmers! - Robin Patterson 02:11, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I've written an outline of how the templates are used - here. If there really isn't another one, anyone may paraphrase mine so as to remove the Maori-language references.But I still want to hear from anyone who has some really quick ways to create all the necessary templates in another language. Robin Patterson 05:49, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I don't know of any online Maori translator that will translate entire documents. However, I'd like to thank you for helping out with spreading Wikiproject Calendars to Wikipedias of other languages --:Munchkinguy 19:14, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I'm not sure that I have used Wikiproject Calendars to do that or anything else. I just copied the "en" templates used for "2005" (and did the very small amount of "translating" necessary - see mi:2005).

What I want (and what promoters of calendars on other WPs may want) is to know whether there's a really quick way (eg using a wordprocessor) to create most of what I guess is over a hundred templates per language. I needed 23 for "2005", I think; the other 13 calendars will each want their own 12 for the templates that are put on the year page, but there will be sharing of the hidden templates (so I guess I need only another 18 of them unless I've forgotten something). (Translation - 12 month and 7 day names - is a relatively tiny part of it.)

I could have done some the easy way and just copied the English names of the templates. But "Tau B 1" looks better to a Maori enthusiast than "Year B 1", and users of other languages may agree with that principle. Using the Maori weekday name abbreviations in the hidden tags is the other part of doing it "properly". I know of one energetic US-based native English-speaker who would have told me off in his usual anonymous way if I had taken the easy route!!

Any chance anyone here can tell me who created the original tags? I tried to check the history but came up against a Username that seemed to do several thousand edits a day, so it was too tedious to track back 3 months in his, her, or its history.

Robin Patterson 01:26, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I'm checking. I think it's a bot that made all the templates. I'll keep you updated. --Munchkinguy 03:09, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The user who made the templates is User:SPUI. The month templates (according to the message SPUI left on my talk page) were all made by hand. --Munchkinguy 18:37, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I noticed that the days of the week begin with Monday. Most printed calendars begin with Sunday-Monday... ending on Saturday. How difficult would it be to reorganize that?GuardianZ 00:16, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Hindu calendar
Thought you'd be interested in the Hindu calendar =Nichalp   «Talk»=  19:46, Jun 24, 2005 (UTC)

History of calendar systems
Hello. There is only a single article that was on the 2001 RequestedArticles page that we dont, have: List of calendar systems. Thought someone might find it interesting to write. --Alterego 00:23, Jun 27, 2005 (UTC)

Interested. If anyone else is, here's a link to the US Naval Observatory where you can check dates, moon phases and history of calendars. Moon phases might be a neat addition to the calendars. Lots of interesting superstition involved in that as well.GuardianZ 00:24, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The achievement of astronomical precision in the history of solar calendars doesn't be attaint as long as the civil calendar doesn't apply the true value of the tropical year. This means: One exceptional not-leaping year every 128 years exactly one, instead of three days during 400 years, i.e. 133⅓ years on average. Thus only this proposal of a New Civil Calendar is astronomically correct. Don't look for groups or associations supporting this calendar, since its creator detests all practices of lobbying, but trust on its indubitable correctitude.
 * -- Halloo 007 (talk) 15:20, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Poll
Wikicalendar's first poll is here

Grouping by type of date
I was hoping to find some complete grouping of holidays by date and, for those without a specific date, by time of year with a description of the date(s). For example, a Category:Holidays with specific dates and Category:Holidays without specific dates would be all-inclusive. Or instead of categories (or in addition to them), two pages with the same titles (or maybe List of holidays with specific dates and List of holidays without specific dates) with the aforementioned organization within the page. Thoughts? Elf | Talk 00:07, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Well, I think most holidays have specific dates (except Easter) according to some calendar. --Munchkinguy 03:26, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Perpetual Calendar
Does a page like this exist. I see Common year starting on Saturday and its like pages exist, but I can find no standards set out to explain how and where to use these calendars and their templates (Template:Year A thru Template:Year G, Template:Year AG etc and Template:Year A 1 etc). If you check out User:Trevor MacInnis/sandbox/Calendar proposal you can see how, by using two forms of calendar templates there exists the potential of thousands of unnecessary templates being created. Can a set of standards be written for the replacement of Template:AugustCalendar2005Source etc? - Trevor MacInnis (Talk | Contribs) 00:03, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I made a few which replace lots of templates:

HandigeHarry 20:12, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Template:Year3
 * Template:Month3
 * and some more, but you won't need those.

Wikicalendar iCal File
Is anyone making use of the iCal file. It can be used on Mozilla Calendar, Google Calendar, and iCal. Perhaps we should add some instructions on how to use it. --Munchkinguy 02:36, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

Category
I pulled this from Category:Calendars because it was a self-reference. The main encyclopedic categories should be kept free of wikispace content. On the other hand this should clearly be under some form of category of Wikipedia: space content. TheGrappler 16:55, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Project directory
Hello. The WikiProject Council has recently updated the WikiProject Council/Directory. This new directory includes a variety of categories and subcategories which will, with luck, potentially draw new members to the projects who are interested in those specific subjects. Please review the directory and make any changes to the entries for your project that you see fit. There is also a directory of portals, at User:B2T2/Portal, listing all the existing portals. Feel free to add any of them to the portals or comments section of your entries in the directory. The three columns regarding assessment, peer review, and collaboration are included in the directory for both the use of the projects themselves and for that of others. Having such departments will allow a project to more quickly and easily identify its most important articles and its articles in greatest need of improvement. If you have not already done so, please consider whether your project would benefit from having departments which deal in these matters. It is my hope that all the changes to the directory can be finished by the first of next month. Please feel free to make any changes you see fit to the entries for your project before then. If you should have any questions regarding this matter, please do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you. B2T2 00:30, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Portal:Calendar?
I'm thinking that this page is more of a Portal than a Wikiproject. Wikipedia's Portal article says: "The idea of a portal is to help readers and/or editors manoeuvre their way through Wikipedia topic areas through pages similar to the Main Page. In essence, portals are useful entry-points to Wikipedia content." That's what this page is, in a way: It points you to other Calendar pages. --Munchkinguy 02:41, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia Day Awards
Hello, all. It was initially my hope to try to have this done as part of Esperanza's proposal for an appreciation week to end on Wikipedia Day, January 15. However, several people have once again proposed the entirety of Esperanza for deletion, so that might not work. It was the intention of the Appreciation Week proposal to set aside a given time when the various individuals who have made significant, valuable contributions to the encyclopedia would be recognized and honored. I believe that, with some effort, this could still be done. My proposal is to, with luck, try to organize the various WikiProjects and other entities of wikipedia to take part in a larger celebrartion of its contributors to take place in January, probably beginning January 15, 2007. I have created yet another new subpage for myself (a weakness of mine, I'm afraid) at User talk:Badbilltucker/Appreciation Week where I would greatly appreciate any indications from the members of this project as to whether and how they might be willing and/or able to assist in recognizing the contributions of our editors. Thank you for your attention. Badbilltucker 18:25, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Comment on the WikiProject X proposal
Hello there! As you may already know, most WikiProjects here on Wikipedia struggle to stay active after they've been founded. I believe there is a lot of potential for WikiProjects to facilitate collaboration across subject areas, so I have submitted a grant proposal with the Wikimedia Foundation for the "WikiProject X" project. WikiProject X will study what makes WikiProjects succeed in retaining editors and then design a prototype WikiProject system that will recruit contributors to WikiProjects and help them run effectively. Please review the proposal here and leave feedback. If you have any questions, you can ask on the proposal page or leave a message on my talk page. Thank you for your time! (Also, sorry about the posting mistake earlier. If someone already moved my message to the talk page, feel free to remove this posting.) Harej (talk) 22:47, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

WikiProject X is live!

Hello everyone!

You may have received a message from me earlier asking you to comment on my WikiProject X proposal. The good news is that WikiProject X is now live! In our first phase, we are focusing on research. At this time, we are looking for people to share their experiences with WikiProjects: good, bad, or neutral. We are also looking for WikiProjects that may be interested in trying out new tools and layouts that will make participating easier and projects easier to maintain. If you or your WikiProject are interested, check us out! Note that this is an opt-in program; no WikiProject will be required to change anything against its wishes. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thank you!

Note: To receive additional notifications about WikiProject X on this talk page, please add this page to WikiProject X/Newsletter. Otherwise, this will be the last notification sent about WikiProject X.

Harej (talk) 16:56, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

RFC at Talk:Maya civilization
There is a RfC about how to resolve a disagreement about how to represent the Maya calendar at Talk:Maya_civilization. Your participation will be appreciated.·maunus · snunɐɯ· 18:46, 8 February 2016 (UTC)

Move "Epoch (reference date)" to "Epoch (date reference)"?
Please see Talk:Epoch (date reference).

title: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Calendars


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Category:Ancient music

Articles in this category encompass any musical subject prior to 476 CE, including ancient Greek and Roman music.

title: Category:Ancient music


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Category:Upper limb anatomy

This is a subcategory of anatomy, listing articles relevant to the anatomy of the upper limb in humans.

See also Category:Lower limb anatomy

title: Category:Upper limb anatomy


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Blood orange

The blood orange is a variety of orange with crimson, near blood-colored flesh. It is one of the sweet orange varieties (Citrus × sinensis). It is also known as the raspberry orange.

The dark flesh color is due to the presence of anthocyanins, a family of polyphenol pigments common to many flowers and fruit, but uncommon in citrus fruits. Chrysanthemin (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside) is the main compound found in red oranges. The flesh develops its characteristic red color when the fruit develops with low temperatures during the night. Sometimes, dark coloring is seen on the exterior of the rind as well. This depends on the variety of blood orange. The skin can be tougher and harder to peel than that of other oranges. Blood oranges have a unique flavor compared to other oranges, being distinctly raspberry-like in addition to the usual citrus notes. The anthocyanin pigments of blood oranges begin accumulating in the vesicles at the edges of the segments, and at the blossom end of the fruit, and continue accumulating in cold storage after harvest.

The blood orange is a natural mutation of the orange, which is itself a hybrid, probably between the pomelo and the tangerine. Within Europe, the arancia rossa di Sicilia (red orange of Sicily) has Protected Geographical Status. In the Valencian Community, it was introduced in the second half of the 19th century.

Cultivars
The three most common types of blood oranges are the Tarocco (native to Italy), the Sanguinello (native to Spain), and the very dark Moro (native to Italy), the newest variety of the three. Other less-common types include Maltaise demi sanguine, Washington Sanguine, Ruby, Doblafina, Delfino, Burris Valencia, Vaccaro, Grosse Ronde, Entrefina, and Sanguinello a Pignu.

While also pigmented, Cara cara navels and Vainiglia sanguignos have pigmentation based on lycopene, not anthocyanins as blood oranges do.

Moro

The Moro is the most colorful of the blood oranges, with a deep red flesh and a rind with a bright red blush. The flavor is stronger and the aroma is more intense than a normal orange. This fruit has a distinct, sweet flavor with a hint of raspberry. This orange possesses a more bitter taste than the 'Tarocco' or the 'Sanguinello'. The 'Moro' variety is believed to have originated at the beginning of the 19th century in the citrus-growing area around Lentini (in the Province of Syracuse in Sicily, Italy) as a bud mutation of the "Sanguinello Moscato". The 'Moro' is a "deep blood orange", meaning that the flesh ranges from orange-veined with ruby coloration, to vermilion, to vivid crimson, to nearly black.

Tarocco
The name Tarocco is thought to be derived from an exclamation of wonder expressed by the farmer who was shown this fruit by its discoverer. It is a medium-sized fruit and is perhaps the sweetest and most flavorful of the three types. The most popular table orange in Italy, it is thought to have derived from a mutation of the 'Sanguinello'. It is referred to as "half-blood", because the flesh is not accentuated in red pigmentation as much as with the 'Moro' and 'Sanguinello' varieties. It has thin orange skin, slightly blushed in red tones. The Tarocco is one of the world's most popular oranges because of its sweetness (Brix to acid ratio is generally above 12.0) and juiciness. It has the highest vitamin C content of any orange variety grown in the world, mainly on account of the fertile soil surrounding Mount Etna, and it is easy to peel. The 'Tarocco' orange is seedless.

The University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection has delineated three subcultivars of 'Tarocco'. The 'Bream Tarocco', which was originally donated by Robert Bream of Lindsay, California, is of medium to large fruit with few to no seeds. 'Tarocco #7', or 'CRC 3596 Tarocco', is known for its flavor, but has a rind with little to no coloration. The 'Thermal Tarocco' was donated by A. Newcomb of Thermal Plaza Nursery in Thermal, California.

Sanguinello

The Sanguinello, also called Sanguinelli in the US (the plural form of its name in Italian), discovered in Spain in 1929, has reddish skin, few seeds, and sweet, tender flesh. 'Sanguinello', the Sicilian late "full-blood" orange, is close in characteristics to the 'Moro'. Where grown in the Northern Hemisphere, it matures in February, but can remain on trees unharvested until April. Fruit can last until the end of May. The peel is compact, and clear yellow with a red tinge. The flesh is orange with multiple blood-colored streaks.

History and background
Blood oranges may have originated in the southern Mediterranean, where they have been grown since the 18th century. They are a common orange grown in Italy. The anthocyanins – which give the orange its distinct maroon color – will only develop when temperatures are low at night, as during the Mediterranean fall and winter. Blood oranges cultivated in the United States are in season from December to March (Texas), and from November to May (California).

As food
Some blood orange juice may be somewhat tart; other kinds are sweet while retaining the characteristic blood orange taste. The oranges can also be used to create marmalade, and the zest can be used for baking. A popular Sicilian winter salad is made with sliced blood oranges, sliced bulb fennel, and olive oil. The oranges have also been used to create gelato, sorbet, and Italian soda.

Nutrition
Raw blood oranges are a rich source (20% or greater of the Daily Value, DV) of vitamin C and dietary fiber, and a moderate source of folate (15% DV), with no other micronutrients in significant content.

title: Blood orange


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Talk:Manus Domini

If anyone knows anything about the game In Memorium/Missing (depending on whether you have played it in Europe or America, respectively), which is where I actually heard Manus Domini in this definition, it would probably be better in an article about Missing. Druminor 05:21, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manus Domini


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Charles Rockwell Lanman

Charles Rockwell Lanman (July 8, 1850 – February 20, 1941) was an American scholar of the Sanskrit language.

Early life and education
Charles Rockwell Lanman was born in Norwich, Connecticut, the eighth of the nine children of Peter Lanman III and Catherine (Cook) Lanman, on July 8, 1850. His mother died when he was three years old, and his aunt Abigail (Abby) Trumbull Lanman helped raise him. His Aunt Abby was an artist, and as one of two legatees of the estate of her great uncle American Revolutionary War artist John Trumbull, inherited many of Trumbull's Revolutionary War period paintings and sketches. At age ten, a young Charles Lanman read a copy of the Journal of the American Oriental Society containing a translation of a textbook of Hindu astronomy, which sparked his interest in Sanskrit.

Lanman graduated from Yale College (Phi Beta Kappa) in 1871, and was a graduate student there (1871–1873) studying Greek under James Hadley and Sanskrit under WD Whitney. He then eventually earned his doctorate degree at Yale in 1873. He also studied Sanskrit under Weber and Roth and philology under Georg Curtius and August Leskien in Germany (1873–1876).

He married Mary Billings Hinckley on July 18, 1888, at Beach Bluff, Massachusetts. She descended from Thomas Hinckley, the last governor of Plymouth Colony. Professor Lanman spent his sabbatical year with his new wife in India on a one-year honeymoon. As he travelled across India in 1889 he bought for Harvard University some 500 Sanskrit and Prakrit books and manuscripts, which, with those subsequently bequeathed to the university by Fitzedward Hall, make the most valuable collection of its kind in America, and made possible the Harvard Oriental Series, edited by Lanman.

Upon their return from India in 1890, the Lanmans built a home at 9 Farrar Street in Cambridge where he lived until his death. Charles and Mary Lanman had six children.

Academic career
Lanman was appointed a professor at Johns Hopkins University when it opened in 1876. He was a professor of Sanskrit at Hopkins from 1876 to 1880. In 1880, Lanman moved to Harvard University where he was the first to preside over the department of Indo-Iranian Languages, which became the department of Indic Philology in 1902, and ultimately became the department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies in 1951. (During 1911 and 1912 one of his students at the Harvard Graduate School was T. S. Eliot, who was undertaking a doctorate in philosophy.)

From 1879 to 1884, he was secretary and editor of the Transactions, and in 1890—1891, president of the American Philological Association, and in 1884-1894 he was corresponding secretary of the American Oriental Society, from 1897 to 1907 vice-president, and in 1907-1908 president. He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1881 and to the American Philosophical Society in 1906.

He was also Honorary Fellow of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, of France, of England, and of Germany and Corresponding Member of the Society of Sciences at Göttingen, the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres of the Institute of France. Lanman was a Fellow in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Professor Lanman received an LL.D. from Yale in 1902 and an LL.D. from the University of Aberdeen in 1906, the latter university's 400th anniversary.

Literary works
In the Harvard Oriental Series Lanman translated (vol. iv.) into English Rajacekhara's Karpura-Manjari (1900), a Prakrit drama, and (vols. vii and viii) revised and edited Whitney's translation of, and notes on, the Atharva-Veda Samhitā (2 vols, 1905); he published A Sanskrit Reader, with Vocabulary and Notes, which is still a standard introductory text today.

Retirement
He retired from Harvard in 1926 and became professor emeritus. Most of the foremost Sanskrit scholars in the United States at the time were once his pupils or collaborators, or both. A vigorous man, Lanman rowed daily on the Charles River until age 88, ice permitting, and was nicknamed "Charles River Lanman" by the Harvard Crimson. It was his proudest boast that he had rowed 12,000 miles on the river which shared his name.

Charles Rockwell Lanman died on February 20, 1941, at age 90.

title: Charles Rockwell Lanman


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Rock music in Latvia

Latvian rock has been an important part of Latvia's music scene since the 1980s, when it was a part of the discontent with Soviet rule.

The city of Liepāja has an especially active rock scene. Līvi, Credo and Remix are from Liepāja, as are rock composers Imants Kalniņš and Zigmars Liepiņš.

In the 1980s, Pērkons played a pompous sort of hard rock that was popular with audiences. Underground studio-based groups NSRD and Dzeltenie Pastnieki introduced extensive use of electronic instrumentation, while Zig Zag and Aurora brought guitar-based post-punk tendencies (though about ten years after the fact).

In 1988, rock opera Lāčplēsis by Zigmars Liepiņš and Māra Zālīte, based on the national epic, became a hit, with Igo (Rodrigo Fomins) in the title role of Lāčplēsis.

Inokentijs Mārpls, Baložu Pilni Pagalmi and Sirke are among the most important acts within the later alternative scene.

In the 2000s Olive Mess reached international success in the progressive rock scene.

title: Rock music in Latvia


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Lynda Lemay

Lynda Lemay (born 25 July 1966 in Portneuf, Quebec) is a Canadian francophone singer-songwriter. Through her mother she is a descendant of Zacharie Cloutier.

After winning regional awards in 1989 she went to France and regularly tours in Quebec and France, including at the Paris Olympia.

Her recording "Live" was nominated as one of the best-selling Francophone albums at the 2000 Juno Awards.

Awards and recognition

 * 1995: 4 Félix Award nominations: Female Artist of the Year, Pop Album of the Year (Y), Songwriter of the Year, Concert of the Year
 * 1996: Félix Award nomination: Artist with best recognition outside Quebec
 * 1998: Félix Award winner, Female Artist of the Year; 4 other Félix nominations: Pop Album of the Year (Lynda Lemay), Best Selling Album of the Year (ibid.), Concert of the Year, Artist with best recognition outside Quebec
 * 1999: 2 Félix Award nominations: Pop Album of the Year (Lynda Lemay live), Artist with best recognition outside Quebec
 * 2000: Félix Award winner, Artist with best recognition outside Quebec
 * 2001: 4 Félix Award nominations: Female Artist of the Year, Pop Album of the Year (Du coq à l'âme), Concert of the Year, Quebec Artist with most recognition outside Quebec
 * 2002: 3 Félix Award nominations: Female Artist of the Year, Pop Album of the Year (Les lettres rouges), Quebec Artist with best recognition outside Quebec
 * 2004: Félix Award nomination: Quebec Artist with best recognition outside Quebec

title: Lynda Lemay