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Robert Parish

Robert Lee Parish (born August 30, 1953) is an American former professional basketball player. A 7'1" center, nicknamed "the Chief", Parish played for four teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1976 to 1997. During his 14-year tenure with the Boston Celtics, Parish teamed with Hall-of-Fame forwards Larry Bird and Kevin McHale to form one of the greatest front lines in NBA history.

During his college career at Centenary College, Parish racked up impressive enough numbers to be drafted three times--twice by teams from the ABA, and once in 1976 by the Golden State Warriors of the NBA. Parish played four seasons for the Warriors. In 1980, he was traded to the Boston Celtics along with a draft pick that the Celtics would use to select forward Kevin McHale. Parish and McHale joined star forward Larry Bird on the Celtics. Known as the Big Three, the trio won three NBA championships together. Parish left the Celtics as a free agent following the 1993–1994 season. He went on to play two more seasons with the Charlotte Hornets and one with the Chicago Bulls, winning an NBA championship with the Bulls in 1997 before retiring from the NBA at age 43.

Parish played an NBA-record 1,611 games in his career. He played in 21 NBA seasons, tied for second-most in league history. Aside from his career longevity, Parish is known for his strong defense, rebounding, and high-trajectory jump shot. He is a nine-time NBA All-Star and a four-time NBA champion, and he was named to the NBA's 50th and 75th anniversary teams. The Celtics retired his jersey in 1998. Parish was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame in 2003.

Early life
Robert is the son of Robert Sr. and Ada Parish. He is the oldest of their four children.

Parish was already 6ft 6in tall in the seventh grade (age 12–13) when junior high coach Coleman Kidd first noticed him and encouraged him to play basketball, which was new to him. Coleman would come to the Parish family home if Robert missed a practice and gave Parish a basketball to practice with. It was at this time that Parish started wearing his uniform No. 00; on the day they passed out the uniforms in junior high school, it was the only jersey left.

"I really didn't like basketball growing up." Parish said, talking about how he focused instead on football, baseball, and track. "[Coach] Coleman would come to my house and take me to practice every day until I had to start showing up myself; I give all the credit to him."

Parish attended Woodlawn High School in Shreveport, Louisiana, where he played for Coach Ken Ivy. He had previously attended Union High School until it was closed due to desegregation. Named All-American, All-State, All-District, and All-City in 1972, Parish led Woodlawn High School to the 1972 Louisiana High School Athletic Association Class AAAA state championship.

College career
Parish attended Centenary College of Louisiana. "The reason why I chose Centenary is because of their coaches," Parish said. "I was very impressed with the coaches." However, he received virtually no notice because of one of the most severe penalties ever levied by the National Collegiate Athletic Association.

Beginning in 1965, the NCAA used a formula to determine the academic eligibility of incoming freshmen seeking to play varsity sports. (At that time, freshmen were generally ineligible to play varsity athletics. The NCAA allowed freshmen to play varsity sports other than football and basketball in 1968, and extended freshman varsity eligibility to those sports in 1972.) Parish took a standardized test that did not fit the NCAA's eligibility formula. Centenary converted his score to an equivalent that fit the formula, which it had done for 12 other athletes in the previous two years. This action violated NCAA regulations; however, the NCAA had not paid any attention to the school's actions prior to Parish's recruitment.

Shortly before Parish was to enroll, the NCAA notified Centenary that he and four other basketball players whose test scores had been converted were ineligible to play varsity basketball. The NCAA added that the school would not be penalized if it rescinded the five scholarships. When Centenary refused to pull the scholarships, the NCAA placed Centenary's basketball program on probation for six years. During the six-year probation period, the college was barred from postseason play; its results and statistics were excluded from weekly statistics, and its existence was not acknowledged in the NCAA's annual press guides.

Within days of its decision, the NCAA repealed the 1.6 rule, but refused to make the five Centenary players eligible. All five, including Parish, sued the NCAA to challenge its eligibility decision, but lost. The decision made Parish a sort of "invisible man" who racked up huge statistical totals in virtual obscurity. In his four years at Centenary, the Gents went 87-21 and spent 14 weeks in the AP Top 20 poll, mostly during his senior season in 1975–76. While he averaged 21.6 points and 16.9 rebounds per game during his Centenary career and Centenary recognized his records, the NCAA would not include Parish's statistics in its record books.

Team USA 1975
Between his junior and senior years at Centenary, Parish played for Team USA at the 1975 Pan American Games. His difficulties with the NCAA indirectly led to his not being recommended for a spot on the team. Centenary paid his way to Salt Lake City to enable him to try out for Team USA. Parish made the team, was unanimously elected captain, and led the team to a gold medal.

College legacy
Throughout his time at Centenary, Parish chose not to escape anonymity by either jumping to the National Basketball Association or American Basketball Association (the latter of which existed until the ABA–NBA merger in 1976), or by transferring to another college, even though the professional ranks offered him potential riches and a transfer would have given him eligibility and far more publicity. At the time, professional scouts did not question his physical skills, but were divided as to whether his decision to stay at Centenary was a show of loyalty or evidence of poor decision-making. For his part, Parish said, "I didn't transfer because Centenary did nothing wrong. And I have no regrets. None."

Overall, Parish averaged 21.6 points and 16.9 rebounds in his 108-game career at Centenary and 24.8 points and 18 rebounds as a senior. The Sporting News named him a first-team All-American as a senior.

In 2018, following a formal appeal from Centenary College, the NCAA announced that Parish's records would be recognized and placed into the NCAA Record Book.

Golden State Warriors (1976–1980)
After college, Parish was drafted in the first round of the 1976 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors. He had also been drafted by the Utah Stars in the 1973 ABA Special Circumstances draft and by the Spurs in the 1975 ABA draft. Parish signed with the Warriors. The Warriors were NBA champions in 1975 (two seasons prior to Parish's rookie campaign). However, when Parish joined the Warriors, their decline had begun, and they missed the playoffs completely from 1978 to 1980.

"I was seriously thinking about having a very short basketball career before the trade because of all the losing that I experienced with the Warriors, and being blamed for the Warriors demise." Parish said of his time with Golden State. "I understand that because I was the No. 1 player taken (by the team in the 1976 draft) and the blame falls on my shoulders. But basketball is not an individual sport. It's a team sport. And I just feel like the team was an assembly of misfits and too much independent thinking. Guys were thinking about themselves as opposed to the team."

In 307 games over four seasons, Parish averaged 13.8 points, 9.5 rebounds and 1.8 blocks with the Warriors.

Boston Celtics (1980–1994)
Heading into the 1980 NBA draft, the Boston Celtics lost Dave Cowens to retirement and had Larry Bird ready to start his second NBA season. The Celtics held the number one overall pick in the draft.

On June 9, 1980, in a pre-draft trade, Celtics president Red Auerbach dealt the top overall pick and an additional first-round pick to the Warriors for Parish and the Warriors' first-round pick, the third overall. With that pick, the Celtics chose Kevin McHale. The Warriors then selected Joe Barry Carroll with the first pick.

Reflecting on the trade after his retirement, Parish said, "I was surprised initially. But once I hung up from the Warriors after they called me and told me I was being traded to the Boston Celtics, I cheered and I jumped up and down ... because I went from the (penitentiary) to the penthouse, in my opinion... Being traded to the Celtics changed the trajectory of my career."

Playing 14 years with the Celtics from 1980 to 1994, Parish won three NBA titles (1981, 1984 and 1986) while teamed with Bird and McHale. The trio came to be known as "The Big Three",  and are regarded as one of the greatest frontcourts in NBA history. Parish, Bird, and McHale were all named to the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team.

Parish was nicknamed "the Chief" after the fictitious Chief Bromden, a silent, giant Native American character in the film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. According to Parish, former Celtics forward Cedric Maxwell gave him this nickname because of his stoic nature.

Parish was named to the All-NBA Second Team in 1981–82 and to the All-NBA Third Team in 1988–89.

Parish is the Celtics' all-time leader in blocked shots (1,703), offensive rebounds (3,450), and defensive rebounds (7,601). In 14 seasons and 1106 games with the Celtics, Parish averaged a double-double of 16.5 points, 10.0 rebounds and 1.5 blocks, shooting 55.2% from the floor.

Charlotte Hornets (1994–1996)
On August 4, 1994, at age 41, Parish left the Celtics and signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Charlotte Hornets. Parish spent two seasons with the Hornets, playing as a backup to Alonzo Mourning.

Chicago Bulls (1996–1997)
On September 25, 1996, Parish signed as a free agent with the Chicago Bulls after his release from Charlotte. With Chicago, Parish joined a team coming off a fourth championship with fellow Hall of Famers Michael Jordan, Scottie Pippen, and Dennis Rodman.

Playing his final NBA season with the Chicago Bulls in 1996–97, he won his fourth NBA title. Parish played a reserve role for the Bulls. He remained in the NBA until the age of 43. On August 25, 1997, Parish retired from the NBA.

Career statistics and records
As of 2023, Parish is first on the list of National Basketball Association career games played leaders with 1,611 games played and is tied for second-most seasons played in NBA history with 21. As of 2022, he is the oldest player to win an NBA championship, having been a member of the NBA champion Chicago Bulls in 1997 at the age of 43. As of October 2023, he is the third-oldest player to ever play an NBA game (the two oldest players to have played in the NBA are Nat Hickey and Kevin Willis).

Overall, in 1,611 NBA games, Parish averaged 14.5 points, 9.1 rebounds, and 1.5 blocks, shooting 53.7% from the field. In 184 career playoff games, Parish averaged 15.3 points, 9.6 rebounds, and 1.7 blocks, shooting 50.6% from the field.

As of 2023, Parish ranks fifth in NBA history in career defensive rebounds with 10,117 and fourth in playoff career offensive rebounds with 571.

Legacy
Parish is known for his defense, his rebounding, and his ability to run the fast break. Fellow Hall-of-Famer and teammate Bill Walton once called Parish "probably the best medium-range shooting big man in the history of the game". His trademark was his jump shot, which traversed a very high arc before falling.

"There was no showmanship to Robert's game," said Walton. "There was the rebounding. There was the defense. There was the scoring. There was the setting of screens. There was the way he ran the floor. How many centers in today's NBA do any of that"?

Parish was inducted into the Centenary College Athletics Hall of Fame in 1988, the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame in 2001, and the College Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006.

In 1996, Parish, along with teammates Larry Bird, Kevin McHale, Nate Archibald, and Bill Walton, was selected as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History. On January 18, 1998, the Celtics retired Parish's famous #00 jersey at halftime of a Celtics–Indiana Pacers game; Bird (who was then head coach of the Pacers) and McHale were present for the ceremony. He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2003. In October 2021, Parish was again honored as one of the league's greatest players of all time by being named to the NBA 75th Anniversary Team. To commemorate the NBA's 75th Anniversary, The Athletic ranked their top 75 players of all time and chose Parish as the 74th greatest player in NBA history.

"He was there for every practice," McHale said of Parish. "For every game. He very seldom missed anything, including assignments on the floor. His longevity is unbelievable, but his dependability was just as impressive".

Coaching career
In 2001, Parish served as the head coach of the Maryland Mustangs, an expansion team in the United States Basketball League (USBL). Parish coached the team to a USBL Northern Division-best 19 wins and 11 losses (.633 win percentage). The team lost a quarterfinal playoff game against the Dodge City Legend, 109-106. Parish was named the USBL Coach of the Year, but the Mustangs folded after one season.

Unlike his Celtics teammates Larry Bird, Danny Ainge, and Kevin McHale, Parish has not attained a coaching, executive, or commentary position in the NBA. McHale, who served as the general manager of the Minnesota Timberwolves, said he tried to hire Parish shortly before his departure from the team but was unable to do so because of a lack of available positions. In 2013, Parish said that he considered himself a potential NBA coach; he added that his role during the final three years of his playing career was essentially a coaching role.

As of 2016, Parish was a Celtics consultant, acting as a mentor for the team's big men.

Personal life
Parish was divorced from his wife, Nancy Saad, in 1990. In 1990, Saad sued Parish, accusing him of having physically abused her throughout their marriage. Saad stated that she was hospitalized following a 1987 beating from Parish. Parish denied Saad's accusations; in 2013, however, he admitted to having pushed Saad on June 2, 1987.

Authorities found marijuana in Parish's home in February 1993. Later that month, Parish pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor drug possession charge and was given six months' probation.

During his career, Parish is alleged to have incorporated martial arts, yoga, and vegetarianism into his training and conditioning. In a 2022 interview, Parish stated he was never a vegetarian; he eats chicken and fish, but avoids red meat.

title: Robert Parish


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Chanchangi Airlines

Chanchangi Airlines Nigeria Limited was a privately owned and operated airline with its head office in the Chanchangi Office Complex in Kaduna, Nigeria. It operates scheduled domestic passenger services. Its main base was Murtala Mohammed International Airport, Lagos, with hubs at Kaduna, Abuja, and Port Harcourt. Alhaji Ahmadu Chanchangi, its founder, hails from Chanchangi village in Takum Local Government of Taraba state, Nigeria.

History
The airline was established on 5 January 1994 by Alhaji Chanchangi and started flight operations to and from Kaduna, Lagos, Owerri, Abuja and Port Harcourt on 2 May 1997. Services were operated using Boeing 727-200 aircraft; 3 Boeing 737-200 aircraft and 2 Boeing 737-300 aircraft were also acquired in 2009. Chanchangi Airlines won the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN) and the Corporate Merit Award for “Best Domestic Airline of the Year” for 1998, 1999 and 2000.

In 2004, it obtained route authorities for services to Abidjan, Accra, Dakar, Douala and Malabo. On 26 March 2006 services from Lagos to Accra were introduced. The airline was owned by Alhaji Ahmadu Chanchangi (94%) and four other individuals holding a 1% stake each. It had 780 employees by March 2007.

The Nigerian government set a deadline of April 30, 2007, for all airlines operating in the country to re-capitalise or be grounded, in an effort to ensure better services and safety. The airline satisfied the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA)’s criteria in terms of re-capitalization and was re-registered for operation.

The Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) grounded Chanchangi Airlines on July 5, 2010, citing a regulation that no airline can operate with only one aircraft in service, which was the case with Chanchangi at the time. On October 21, 2010, Chanchangi Airlines resumed operations between Lagos and Abuja.

Chanchangi Airlines failed to appear on April 1, 2012, to defend itself against charges filed against it by Ethiopian Airlines for failing to settle a 14 million Br bill for maintenance services. Due to this, its plane was grounded at Bole International Airport, where some analysts predicted failure to make payment would lead Ethiopian Airlines to auction the aircraft.

Destinations
Chanchangi Airlines suspended all flights in 2012.

Charter flights
Chanchangi Airlines has conducted charter flight both within and outside Nigeria. Some of its charter partners were:
 * The United Nations
 * The Nigerian Army
 * Armed Forces Command & Staff College, Jaji
 * Nigerian Football Authority
 * Getra in Equatorial Guinea

Incidents

 * One of Chanchangi Airlines Boeing 727s crash landed (with a landing gear problem) at the Murtala Mohammed International Airport, Lagos on 29 December 2004 after a flight from Port Harcourt. The 81 people on board were uninjured and there was no major damage to the plane. As a result, the remaining 5 Boeing 727s were grounded to enable investigators to carry out in depth inspections on the aircraft. On 3 January 2005 the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) permitted the resumption of full flight operations.
 * Following the crash of Sosoliso Airlines flight 1145 on December 10, 2005, President Olusegun Obasanjo grounded both Sosoliso and Chanchangi Airlines. Chanchangi's grounding was based on a report that its operations were unsafe. After passing inspections by Nigeria's aviation ministry, Chanchangi was allowed to resume operations on December 22, 2005.
 * A Boeing 727 en route to Abuja was forced to return to Lagos on May 9 after the crew reported a problem with the aircraft's air conditioning system.
 * On August 22, 2006, two tyres burst on a Boeing 727 with 98 passengers on board. The pilot reportedly made a hard landing to grip with the wet runway after a heavy rain at Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport in Abuja. There were no casualties.
 * Chanchangi suffered multiple safety incidents and near-accidents in mid/late 2007. A Kaduna-Lagos flight was aborted after an engine blade broke off about twenty minutes into the flight. In mid September, a Lagos-Abuja flight returned to Lagos after hydraulic leakages were discovered.
 * On February 22, 1998, Chanchangi Airlines' chief pilot asked Air Traffic Control (ATC) at Kaduna, Nigeria for permission to conduct flight training within the airport's circuit using a Chanchangi Airlines Boeing 737-2K3 (leased from Aviogenex, registered YU-ANU) which had arrived from Lagos approximately one hour earlier. As visibility had reduced to 600 meters, he was told it was below the minimum allowed for landing and his request was not feasible. Next, the pilot requested he be allowed to conduct rejected take-off training, and permission was subsequently granted by ATC. Several individuals joined the captain for the exercise. He was instructed to begin the training on Runway 05, and once in position permission for "takeoff" was given. Normally, any single rejected takeoff at high speed would require a minimum of ten minutes to allow the brakes to cool before the aircraft could be safely operated again, and depending on various factors, this time period could be much longer, something the pilot certainly would have known. However, within the next twelve minutes, the pilot inexplicably conducted no less than four rejected take-offs, at least one of them and possibly all four of them at high speed. The brakes on one of the main landing gears (left side) began to catch fire, exacerbated by leaking hydraulic fluid. The pilot continued to taxi the aircraft until the tires and then the wheels of the left main gear disintegrated, preventing the plane from moving any further. He then called for emergency services. Unfortunately, they were unable to prevent the aircraft from burning to the ground. There were no fatalities. The chief pilot alleged he did not use the brakes for his practice rejected take-offs, however the evidence was unequivocally otherwise.
 * On October 13, 2007, a Boeing 727 making a trip from Kaduna to Abuja en route to Lagos suffered a cockpit fire.
 * On 20 August 2010, Chanchangi Flight 334, operated by Boeing 737-200 5N-BIF struck the localiser antenna and landed short of the runway at Kaduna Airport. Several passengers were slightly injured and the aircraft was substantially damaged. Chanchangi Airlines again suspended operations following the accident.

Fleet
The Chanchangi Airlines fleet consisted of the following aircraft at the time of its closure (as of December 2012):

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chanchangi Airlines


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Gibraltarian status

Gibraltarian status is a legal status in Gibraltar law defined by the Gibraltarian Status Act, 1962. Persons with Gibraltarian status are registered on the Register of Gibraltarians.

History
The term was coined in the 1920s at a time of increasing awareness of national identity and was popularised during World War II, when the civil population of Gibraltar was evacuated to the United Kingdom and other parts of the British Empire. In 1962, the term was made a legal status in Gibraltar through the Gibraltarian Status Ordinance (1962). The Ordinance became the Gibraltarian Status Act, 1962 following the implementation of the Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006.

The Register of Gibraltarians pre-dates Gibraltarian status - the register was created in 1955 while Gibraltarian status originates with the Gibraltarian Status Act, 1962. The 1962 Act provides a legal framework for the register, and defines who is eligible to be listed on the register.

Eligibility for Gibraltarian status
The following is a summary of the eligibility for Gibraltarian status contained in the 1962 Act. See the text of the act for full details.

A person is eligible to be registered as a Gibraltarian if they are a British national and:

 * (a) They were born in Gibraltar on or before the 30th day of June 1925; or
 * (b) They are child of a person born in Gibraltar on or before the 30th day of June 1925; or
 * (c) They are the descendant of a person entitled to be registered by virtue of (a) or (b) and their parent or grandparent was born in Gibraltar; or
 * (d) They were born in Gibraltar and are the child of a person who is registered in the register; or
 * (e) They are married to a person entitled to be register by virtue of (a, b, c or d) or are the widow or widower of such a person.

Further provisions provide for the registration of adopted children.

Additionally, a person may be registered as a Gibraltarian at the discretion of the Government of Gibraltar minister with responsibility for personal status, if they satisfy the minister that:

 * (a) they are a British Overseas Territories citizen by virtue of their connection with Gibraltar or the United Kingdom as their country of origin;
 * (b) they are a British national;
 * (c) they are of good character;
 * (d) they have sufficient knowledge of the English language;
 * (e) they have their permanent home in Gibraltar;
 * (f) they have been resident in Gibraltar for a continuous period of ten years immediately preceding the date of application
 * (g) they intend to make their permanent home in Gibraltar.

Further provisions provide for the registration of children, adopted children and spouses of those registered at the discretion of the minister with responsibility for personal status.

Rights
Persons with Gibraltarian status have full right of residence in Gibraltar. Any Gibraltarian who is a British Overseas Territories citizen and/or a British citizen, was a citizen of the European Union until Brexit, and enjoyed freedom of movement in the European Union.

On 31 December 2020, the governments of Spain and the United Kingdom began negotiating a deal to allow Gibraltar to join the Schengen area. As of 2024, no deal has yet been signed.

title: Gibraltarian status


text:
Talk:Hypospray

Untitled
The fict. hypospray can be applied thru clothing. I wonder if this is also true of the real life jet injector. 141.217.200.86 23:06, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

verification
This page had a verify tag attached. It is reasonably common Star Trek knowledge (to anyone who has seen one or two episodes) that hyposprays exist. I have therefore removed the verify tag. Stifle 15:54, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Hey, sorry I added that tag before seeing the link to the jet injector page. I was wondering where I could get one of these marvelous devices :) Thanks for removing it. - FrancisTyers 16:42, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Version of

 * The hypospray theoretical device was invented long long before any real prototypes were developed like gas injectors. Would it therefore be right to properly credit it by saying that other devices are built as copies of this device rather than the hypospray being a copy of a gas injector invented a long time afterwards? Real world list of events is also factually incorrect (and can be proven - will do asap) I remeber vividly reading in a medical journal that the first working model was based on the star trek device. 14:34 & 14:38, 2 December 2008 User:92.237.105.209

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Hypospray. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100910122757/http://healthfreelancing.com/samples/nopainIV.php to http://www.healthfreelancing.com/samples/nopainIV.php

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Articles in rough shape
Hypospray, Shields (Star Trek), Impulse drive ... ouch. I almost AfDed them but thought best to stop here first. Any input (or champions to jump into the, or solid redirect targets to suggest)? --EEMIV (talk) 22:35, 17 June 2022 (UTC)

Older than Star Trek
I first saw them used in the series Space Rangers from the 1950s. That puts it well before Star Trek. Jorgerine (talk) 03:18, 22 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hypospray


text: User talk:82.154.154.198

title: User talk:82.154.154.198


text:
Talk:Baháʼu'lláh/Archive 2

photo or link
From the Orthodox Baha'i Perspective, the picture also should be removed, not because it is a Baha'i site, but for the same reason on the section of Islam no one puts up the print of Muhammad that might be available (there is a sketch) but no one would think of putting it up sicne this would be offinsive to those of that Faith, unless we want to say Wikipedia will allow offending peopel of various religions by putting in thinks that are deliberately offensive, Like how about putting a picture of the swastika on the Jewish page, or maybe soem other such I am sure we can all come up with reason to justify why we do what we do.f  Also the reason for no picture goes back to Islam. Both Bha'is and Islamic followers bvelieve a picture representation of any Prophet is not a thing to be done, but specidifcally of their own prophet they definately should not do or have done to them. It is not just a Baha'i thing. I will not remove what has been placed up there but strongly object to it being put there without a disclaimer under it that Baha'is like their Muslim brethern do not believe picturers representing the prophets should be allowed, and that this picture therefore is offensive to them. If you were to put that under the picture I would still object to it, but would have to recourse but to accept it.
 * Actually, Orthodox Muslims believe that having pictures of *anything* that exists in reality is blasphemy because only God is allowed allowed to create - this does not stop us from posting pictures of things that exist. Wikipedia is not censorered or bowdlerized. →Raul654 04:19, Jan 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * Considering a picture on the front page is something you really cannot miss though, and at least "Universal House of Justice" Baha'is find it quite quite offensive then surely changing it to a link (as the wikipedia image policy suggest when a picture might be offensive ) may be considered. Its really just something I do not want to see. Thats not censorship as its freely there. -- Tomhab 17:19, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * about this issue, i will copypaste what i said before (why its ofensive) "you see, Bahai´s usually see photos(..) of Baha'u'llah on pilgrimage(which is a special moment to bahai´s), by showing the photo in the article without any warning is very ofensive/shocking to bahais. im not saying the photo should be deleted, but at least put a wikilink to it instead.. " - --Cyprus2k1 19:45, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Welcome to the age of the Internet. So what are you Bahais going to do?  Stop every single web site in the world from putting up the photo of Bahaullah?  It is not intelligent to swim against the current.  Accept the fact that we are now in the Internet age. What you see happening in Wikipedia is natural, and there are numerous other projects that are similar to this one, in multiple languages.  Martin2000 17:50, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia policy on offensive imagery: "11. Think carefully if offensive pictures are really necessary. Consider providing a link to the picture, and a warning of the picture's contents, rather than place it directly in the article. If you have concerns regarding the appropriateness of an image, discuss it on the relevant article talk page."

People have quoted this policy here, so you must be aware of it. If you were not aware of the offence that you cause to Baha'is by insisting on publishing his picture on this article, enough Baha'is have explained that to you now that ignorance can no longer be a defence. Personally, if you are so wedded to the idea that people *have* to be able to access this image of Baha'u'llah that you have uploaded here, I'd prefer you to do it in an external link to your own website, where you will also be able to bad-mouth Baha'u'llah to your heart's content. Of course, I've outlined my strong suspicions about your bona fides as a wikipedia contributor below, already. --PaulHammond 03:17, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * Should we just end this by putting a link to it and removing the picture, then reverting to this whenever it gets added in again? Put the link in the external links AND in the top paragraph so its not being hidden away? -- Tomhab 13:44, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

User Martin2000
This user appears to be an identity created on 14th Jan whose only reason for being is to upload Baha'u'llah's picture and add it to this article and the one on Baha'i Faith. here is his entire list of contributions to Wikipedia. I think Baha'u'llah's image ought to be removed from the Wikipedia database. PaulHammond 21:24, Jan 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * I am interested in contributing to a subject in which I have accurate, detailed, and correct information. If you like to paint a rosy and romantic picutre of Bahaism, and certain facts ruin this picture for you, don't blame those who state those facts. In other words, don't shoot the messenger. I am simply stating some facts. Going to multiple people's personal pages and knocking on every door trying to portray me as some sort of evil character just because I have contributed FACTS AND CORRECT INFORMATION to Bahai-related articles, is not a good idea, there are good chances that it will backfire on you. Is there any misinformation that I included in any of the articles? Is the picture that I uploaded not authentic? What is your problem with my contributions other than the fact that I do not have a long list of variegated contributions? Martin2000 23:00, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I agree with Martin2000. The picture is a piece of factual information, its authenticity is not under dispute and it is not a copyright violation. So in summary: It is factual information, abeit with a twist - it upsets some people. AFAIK we have no policy in wikipedia to remove factual, undisputed, unencumbered information. If there is upset about the "prettiness"of the picture - I would not disagree to exchange the picture with one less "Rasputinesque", as long as it is equally authentic, simply to keep the peace, but removal would be very wrong. And whether or not Martin2000 has created his identity to upload something which s/he anticipated to be controversial is not really the point under discussion. Refdoc 17:53, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I thought the going suggestion wasn't removing it. I don't think theres much point in anyone trying to hide the picture - someone keen enough can always find it off the web. The point was exchanging it for a link, so you only see it if you want to (as wikipedia image use policy suggests when an image might offend someone). I think Paul's point is that Martin2000's entire agenda is to annoy the Baha'i community. I don't think Rasputin is the problem here :). -- Tomhab 23:34, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Fair enough, then I would suggest provide us with evidence over and above "I do not think the photo should be here" and we will move it into a link. Refdoc 10:09, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * There is no objection that the believers look at the picture of Bahá'u'lláh, but they should do so with the utmost reverence, and should also not allow that it be exposed openly to the public, even in their private homes.
 * (From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer, December 6, 1939)
 * (Compilations, Lights of Guidance, p. 539)

 * I think thats the main bit of literature on the matter. I think generally Baha'is would prefer that the picture be off the net all together for this reason, but since its already in public domain I don't see what difference whether its linked or not. Needless to say I would really like the picture to be replaced by a link. -- Tomhab 13:26, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Also as for replacing it for a prettier picture I doubt you'll find one on the net as most Baha'is wouldn't put it up if they had one for the above reasons. I believe this one got released by people who considered themselves Baha'is but did not follow Shoghi Effendi (who the vast majority of Baha'is do follow). -- Tomhab 13:32, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * As no-ones complained about the idea, I'll replace the image with a link. See if it stops the edit wars. If this stirs people into saying the image HAS to be on the page then we can change back -- Tomhab 02:21, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

No I agree, the link is clearly the best place, reading the explanations and Wikipedia policy. Further, Martin2000, you are seriously out of order, using personal attack and editwarring against a developing consensus to push your way. Refdoc 09:51, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

martin,  Tomhab based on the talk page putted a link to the photo AND asked "If you have problem with this please use discussion page first" which you havent and thats the reason i reverted again. if you really are interested in improving wikipedia please see Talk:Bah%E1%27%ED_Faith, and please do NOT flame others. - --Cyprus2k1 09:41, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Your history speaks for itself. Wikipedia is not a platform for religious promotionalism (any religion). Don't like it? Tough. Thank you.  --Martin2000 09:56, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * dear martin, Wikipedia is not a platform for religious promotionalism of any religion, i agree with you, everybody here agrees with you on that. no need to keep saying the same thing over and over, instead, give CONSTRUCTIVE arguments, in order to improve wikipedia, keep in mind however that your personal opinion on a topic may not the best or the correct one. be reasonable. (and no personal attacks please) - --Cyprus2k1 10:06, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Moved this section up here as its relevant. Sorry guys - thought the idea might suit everyone. Didn't mean for it just to bring up another argument. -- Tomhab 12:09, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

wives times three
I've been looking into Babism and limits to the amount of wives you can have. Anyone got anything off wikipedia about it being reduced to two by the Bab? I know this isn't about Babism but the wives of Baha'u'llah is in this article so makes it relevant. -- Tomhab 00:38, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I know the Bab did this, but I don't know where. Looking on Jonah Winter's site seems impossible unless you already know where to find something.  Someone with Ocean ought to be able to find it. -- PaulHammond 03:35, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * I've just completed a reasonably thorough search through an up-to-date Ocean and found nothing on the matter (on either the authoritive or other Baha'i books). I will continue looking, but if someone could find a reference that would be very handy. -- Tomhab 16:48, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I've seen it somewhere. I'll try to find it again.  -- Jeff3000 17:06, Feb 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Just found this Miller boook. Do a search for "two wives" and it has a short passage on it. I'm still looking for something authoritive as the Miller book isn't known for lending much respect to the Baha'is. Is this the one you read Jeff? -- Tomhab 21:30, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Wasn't that reference. I did some quick searching, and I can't find it.  Once I do I'll post it here.  -- Jeff3000 23:41, Feb 1, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baháʼu'lláh/Archive 2


text:
PCMag

PC Magazine (shortened as PCMag) is an American computer magazine published by Ziff Davis. A print edition was published from 1982 to January 2009. Publication of online editions started in late 1994 and continues.

Overview
PC Magazine provides reviews and previews of the latest hardware and software for the information technology professional. Other regular departments include columns by long-time editor-in-chief Michael J. Miller ("Forward Thinking"), Bill Machrone, and Jim Louderback, as well as:
 * "First Looks" (a collection of reviews of newly released products)
 * "Pipeline" (a collection of short articles and snippets on computer-industry developments)
 * "Solutions" (which includes various how-to articles)
 * "User-to-User" (a section in which the magazine's experts answer user-submitted questions)
 * "After Hours" (a section about various computer entertainment products; the designation "After Hours" is a legacy of the magazine's traditional orientation towards business computing.)
 * "Abort, Retry, Fail?" (a beginning-of-the-magazine humor page which for a few years was known as "Backspace"—and was subsequently the last page).

For several years in the 1980s, PC Magazine gave significant coverage to programming for the IBM PC and compatibles in languages such as Turbo Pascal, BASIC, Assembly and C. Charles Petzold was one of the notable writers on programming topics.

Editor Bill Machrone wrote in 1985, that If an article doesn't evaluate products or enhance productivity, "chances are it doesn't belong in PC Magazine".

History
In an early review of the new IBM PC, Byte reported that PC: The Independent Guide to the IBM Personal Computer "should be of great interest to owners". The first issue of PC, dated February–March 1982, appeared early that year. (The word Magazine was added to the name with the third issue in June 1982, but not added to the logo until January 1986.)

PC Magazine was created by David Bunnell, Jim Edlin, and Cheryl Woodard (who also helped Bunnell found the subsequent PC World and Macworld magazines). David Bunnell, Edward Currie and Tony Gold were the magazines co-founders. Bunnell and Currie created the magazine's business plan at Lifeboat Associates in New York which included, in addition to PC Magazine, explicit plans for publication of PC Tech, PC Week and PC Expositions (PC Expo) all of which were subsequently realized. Tony Gold, a co-founder of Lifeboat Associates financed the magazine in the early stages. The magazine grew beyond the capital required to publish it; to solve this problem, Gold sold the magazine to Ziff-Davis, moving from California to New York City. By February 1983 it was published by PC Communications Corp., a subsidiary of Ziff-Davis Publishing Co., Bunnell and his staff left to form PC World magazine. The first issue of PC carried an interview with Bill Gates, made possible by his friendship with David Bunnell, who was among the first journalists and writers to take an interest in personal computing.

Early transition to square binding
By its third issue PC was square-bound because it was too thick for saddle-stitch. At first the magazine published new issues every two months, but became monthly as of the August 1982 issue, its fourth. In March 1983 a reader urged the magazine to consider switching to a biweekly schedule because of its thickness. Although the magazine replied to the reader's proposal with "Please say you're kidding about the bi-weekly schedule. Please?", after the December 1983 issue reached 800 pages in size, in 1984 PC began publishing new issues every two weeks, with each about 400 pages in size. In January 2008 the magazine dropped back to monthly issues. Print circulation peaked at 1.2 million in the late 1990s. In November 2008 it was announced that the print edition would be discontinued as of the January 2009 issue, but the online version at pcmag.com would continue. By this time print circulation had declined to about 600,000. In the December 2022 issue, it was announced that the issue was the last one following the magazine format, and focus was shifted to the pcmag.com website.

The magazine had no ISSN until 1983, when it was assigned, which was later changed to.

PC Magazine uses Google Books as the official archive of its 27 years as a print publication.

Editor
Wendy Sheehan Donnell was appointed editor-in-chief of PCMag.com in January 2022. Donnell had been deputy editor under the previous editor-in-chief, Dan Costa. Costa was editor-in-chief from August 2011 to December 2021. Lance Ulanoff held the position of editor-in-chief from July 2007 to July 2011.

Jim Louderback was editor-in-chief before Ulanoff, from 2005, and left to become chief executive officer of online media company Revision3.

Development and evolution
The magazine evolved significantly over the years. The most drastic change was the shrinkage of the publication due to contractions in the computer-industry ad market and the easy availability of the Internet, which made computer magazines less necessary. This is also the primary reason for the November 2008 decision to discontinue the print version. It has adapted to the new realities of the 21st century by reducing its once-standard emphasis on massive comparative reviews of computer systems, hardware peripherals, and software packages to focus more on the broader consumer-electronics market. From the late 1990s, the magazine more frequently reviewed Macintosh software and hardware.

PC Magazine was one of the first publications to have a formal test facility, which they called PC Labs. The name was used early in the magazine, and a physical PC Labs was built at the magazine's 1 Park Avenue, New York facility in 1986. William Wong was the first PC Labs Director. PC Labs created a series of benchmarks, of which older versions can be found on the internet. PC Labs was designed to help writers and editors to evaluate PC hardware and software, especially for large projects like the annual printer edition where almost a hundred printers were compared using PC Labs printer benchmarks.

title: PCMag


text:
Talk:Baháʼu'lláh/Archive 3

Information about Mirza Yahya
One of the changes by Wjhonson regardin Mirza Yahya being asked to complete the Bayan is about Mirza Yahya, and not about Baha'u'llah. This information should be moved to the Mirza Yahya page. Please comment, before removing (or reverting) the new statements to the page. -- Jeff3000 06:15, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia policy?
What Wikipedia policy says that the image can't be on the page? RickK 09:48, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * see this, the discussion about the photo has/is been discussed in different sections and talks(see Talk:Bah%E1%27%ED_Faith, so its a little bit confusing :\ - --Cyprus2k1 10:02, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * That's not policy, that's unresolved discussion. To call it policy is not only incorrect, it's misleading.  RickK 10:04, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * Its cuz Baha'is find a picture of their holy personage offensive. Policy can be found here. I'd be interested to hear your views on the matter. I'll write up a conflict summary in a minute. -- Tomhab

 * It's a matter of disagreement as to whether Wikipedia should or should not kowtow to a particular group or religion when it comes to knowledge, but I just went to Muhammad and there's no image of him there, either, so I'm not going to fight for the picture to be here, but calling it policy is still incorrect. RickK 19:30, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * The point was we discussed it in the discussion page and decided due to the policy linked above, a link to the image was appropriate and enough as a midpoint. I guess we needed more discussion about it. -- Tomhab 00:25, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Rick, as you know photography was not invented at the time Muhammad, so there is no authentic picture of him around. If there was one around, it most certainly belonged to an article about Muhammad and also to an article about Islam.  The same is true about Jesus.  The main reason the bahai authorities are so concerned about this photo is because bahaullah does not look ... hmm ... very "marketable" and frankly, he looks bad.  You might notice that they plaster the pictures of Abdul-Baha, his son, all over the place.  They are simply not honest enough to admit the real reason behind this stupid demand.  At any rate, it is too late for them now, as we are already well into the information age and the era of the Internet.  --Amir 00:12, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Slightly inaccurate. Baha'is see Baha'u'llah as a Messenger of God so deserving of reverence, whereas Abdul-Baha was just a nice guy, so thats why we have little problem with Abdul-Baha's picture. I think we can generally accept that belief has more in it that merely someone looking good. -- Tomhab 00:25, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Off the record, just wanted to say that I disagree, even if this is not as good as the picture that is supossedly in Haifa, it still presents the majesty, might and power of this individual. His eyes, as if He were looking into your very soul. The idea that the picture should not be shown is that it is a picture of the Manifestation of God. In Islam, any paintings or images of the Divine Messengers are forbidden to be shown. In the Baha'i Faith, the same law is continued as a sign of respect, and to prevent the worship of the picture as a graven image. (07:56, 26 September 2005 (UTC))

Conflict summary: Image, link or nothing
I'm going to try and summarise the three views here. Feel free to edit it if I'm wrong or if I miss something out, but it would be nice if you also add what you changed at the bottom if you could.

Conflict summary
The picture of Baha'u'llah has been repeatedly added and removed for a while now. There are various arguments for each side.

Reasons for removal
Generally seems to be done by Baha'i (or at least pro-Baha'i) wikipedians. Their reasons seem to be:

 * Baha'is belieave that Baha'u'llah was a prophet within their religion and should be treated with reverence and respect and his picture should only be seen when those situations are present. They feel the internet is not such a place, and find his picture being their offensive.
 * There is no objection that the believers look at the picture of Bahá'u'lláh, but they should do so with the utmost reverence, and should also not allow that it be exposed openly to the public, even in their private homes.
 * (From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer, December 6, 1939)
 * (Compilations, Lights of Guidance, p. 539)

 * The belief described above is a point of view. Wikipedia's NPOV policy allows us to mention that the point of view exists, and to explain who holds the point of view, but does not allow us to behave as if the point of view is correct.  —AlanBarrett 19:14, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah - I know. This isn't really an option, but it was worth including and explains why random people sometimes remove it. -- Tomhab 23:05, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Reasons for it being included
Generally seems to be done by just about everyone else. Their reasons seem to be:

 * Wikipedia policy (link?) is that factual information should not be removed from articles.
 * Wikipedia is not a Baha'i project. Many of the Baha'i articles are copied straight from leaflets and not written in the NPOV spirit of wikipedia that should include accurate details and facts.
 * The image does seem to be under the correct and legal copyright.
 * Other biographical articles have images of the person and it does contribute to the article.
 * Quite a few biographical articles don't include images (even though they could), but that doesn't mean we have to hold this particular one back from being better.

Reasons for converting to a link
Offered as a compromise approach after edit wars. Reasons for it:

 * When an image might be offensive Wikipedia Image use policy rule of thumb point 11 states:
 * Think carefully if offensive pictures are really necessary. Consider providing a link to the picture, and a warning of the picture's contents, rather than place it directly in the article. If you have concerns regarding the appropriateness of an image, discuss it on the relevant article talk page.

 * It is a compromise. Baha'is who don't want to see it don't have to. People who are interested can see the image freely.
 * Although Baha'is wouldn't like the image of Baha'u'llah on the internet at all, it is already there so asking it to be removed from wikipedia doesn't solve their problems.

Just to state my biases in writing this summary. I'm a Baha'i but I'm endorsing the third option. I have tried to keep this neutral, but if you feel I've failed there please write it below.

Lets try and keep from flaming each other. First time and neutral readers of this conflict are strongly encouraged to contribute their views. -- Tomhab 12:59, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with Tomhab's third option: inserting a link to the photograph is a reasonable compromise. I am a Baha'i and was shocked by seeing the photo...not by the image, but by the fact that it was there. Anyone--including Baha'is--who wants to follow the link to the image would be free to do so without giving offence to many people visiting the article. Thanks Tomhab for your common sense proposal. --Occamy 16:07, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I am most certainly not a Bahai, nor have the slightest sympathies for that faith or its organisation. I do though believe mutual respect is A Good Thing and hence support the third option. Refdoc 16:49, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Of course, I agree with Tomhab's compromise option. I suggested the following format four days ago at Talk:Baha'i Faith.  So far, no response from Martin2000 has been forthcoming.  PaulHammond 16:53, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * It seems to me that it isn't the photograph that Baha'is object to, but specifically the act of looking at it irreverently, and in general the display of the picture in a location or context where people will look at it irreverently. There is nothing Wikipedia can or should do about the state of mind in which people look at Wikipedia. Baha'is wishing to avoid engaging in irreverent behavior towards their prophet can easily make their own personal arrangements. The compromise will not help because the vast majority of people who look at it will not be Bahai's and will still not look at it reverently even if they do have to click on a link.  Those who are Baha'is will gain spiritually by learning to be constantly vigilant, for an encounter with the sacred can be found around every corner. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 19:16, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah I think you're right. The image won't ever get removed from the net and thats why I'm not endorsing the idea of removing it here (because what difference does it make?). People will happily enough look at the image everyday and I don't think it really makes much difference. As a personal preference though, I really don't want to look at the image of him without really being in the right mood and state of reverence. Think of it as a personal choice. I don't drink but am well aware that a great many people do, but it doesn't impose on me so fine. At the moment you cannot view this page without seeing the picture so it is imposed on me. I can see your point that you can't accomodate everybody's concern which is why we're having a debate now. -- Tomhab 21:22, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I understand that aspect of it. There is a page on Wikipedia with pictures that I really don't like to look at because the pictures are very upsetting to me.  I have a phobia of caterpillars which is triggered by photographs of them.  But this doesn't stop me reading about them on Wikipedia.  My web browser (and all web browsers I've ever encountered) has controls that permit me to stop it downloading and displaying pictures. So if I wanted to edit caterpillar (and because my phobia doesn't overcome my scientific curiosity, I may want to) I would be able to turn off image downloads on my browser, visit the page without having to see caterpillar pictures, and then edit it.  Afterwards I could turn on image downloads on my browser.  It's only a couple of mouseclicks to do this. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 23:53, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Tony, the point is obviously increasingly less a matter of concern for guys like Tomhab, Cyprus or the other Bahais actively contributing here because they know that the picture is here, and they can either prepare themselves or simply press the buttons, just as you suggested. Fine. But this is a growing project and it is used by many more people than just those who debate on this page - or are even aware of an ongoing debate. So I do continue to support to linkify the picture - simply out of respect - not for Bahaullah, for whom I feel little, but for the readers and the not-yet-editors. And with regard to the spiritual benefit for Baha'is by being constantly vigilant, I really was not aware that Wikipedia had such high aims....I do think we should probably settle on the rather lower ground to allow everyone in whatever spiritual state to contribute and enjoy this encycplopedia Refdoc 00:44, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I guess its weighing up how necessary something is compared to how much it'll offend. Anyway, the important bit is that we all understand the situation enough to make a consensus. I think we're getting somewhere (although I'm always optimistic). -- Tomhab 01:06, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baháʼu'lláh/Archive 3


text:
Lomax (band)

Lomax was an English alternative rock band from London, England.

The band released three singles and an album on the London-based independent record label, 93 Records. The album, A Symbol of Modern Living (2003), was praised by the Guardian and Drowned in Sound, among others.

Nowadays, their vocalist/guitarist Paul Epworth works predominantly as a record producer, though enjoys working as a DJ. Meade is working on a solo entity, entitled The Sex Act, with a single "Builders of Men/Modern Dance" released on Destructible Records. Schultzberg is also working on solo material.

Members

 * Paul Epworth - lead vocals and guitar
 * Jon Meade - bass and backing vocals
 * Robert Schultzberg - drums

Albums

 * A Symbol Of Modern Living
 * Release date: 10 Nov. 2003
 * Produced by Lomax
 * CD (93CD02), LP (93LP02):
 * "The Bodies Of Journalists"
 * "Brought To Rights"
 * "Arnstein’s Ladder"
 * "When The Pressure’s On"
 * "Anglicized"
 * "Modern Life"
 * "Knuckleheads"
 * "Principles"
 * "An End"
 * "Reiterator"

Singles

 * "Anglicized" / "Last Meal For Jeff" (December 2002)
 * "An End" / "Brought To Rights"
 * "Modern Life" (October 2003)
 * "Reiterator" (Phones Mix) - promo only

title: Lomax (band)


text:
Talk:Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack

Untitled
Too much POV language in this article. RickK 23:14, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've removed the reference to "Japan's bloody past", and removed the NPOV tag. I assume this is what was found objectionable.  Please replace the tag if the article still needs it. Ferdinand Pienaar 08:22, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)

GI Judd 21:56, 17 December 2006 (UTC)I deleted a bit about Godzilla: The Animated Series as it seemed like speculation, and added a few citation's needed because the criticism in the trivia sounded too much like POV.

 * I totally agree with GI Judd, and think the lines at the end of the trivia and think everything in the trivia section beginning with "Many fans were also outraged ..." should simply be deleted. No sources are cited for these statements of supposedly "many" people's opinions. --Boradis 06:50, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:GMK Poster.jpg
Image:GMK Poster.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 17:14, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

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text:
Talk:Piss

UK and English differences
Possibly this page should take note of the differing uses in British and American english? For example 'I'm pissed' means drunk in British, but annoyed in American. --193.242.192.9, Feb 5, 2005

Done. But from now on, 193.242.192.9, please sign your posts. Scott Gall 09:34, 2005 Mar 27 (UTC)

In Britain, "piss" is also slang for heavy rain ("It's pissing down!") and is also used in the following context to show mockery: "You are taking the piss out of me" = "You are severely mocking me". (DaveCs 12 Feb 2006)

 * In England you can also say 'Are you taking the piss?' meaning 'Are you serious?'. It would be simple enough to add '(Chiefly British English)' or some other note to that effect to the English idioms, and '(Chiefly American English)' for the American ones (missing out chiefly if you're sure it's only used in one place and not the other).--Jcvamp 21:49, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

This article gives the Garner quote as "not worth a pitcher of warm piss". However, the cross-referenced Garner article has "not worth a bucket of warm piss". One of them must be wrong. --GreenYoda

Australian usage seems to pretty much follow what has been mentioned above for British / UK. We poetical Australians also use 'piss' a lot in compounds to mean that something is of particularly low value or merit. Consider commonly used Australian terms like 'piss-poor', 'pissweak', 'piece of piss' [something that is incredibly easy]. 60.242.50.195 (talk) 11:04, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

Americanisms ?
These are two items from the main article:

 * To 'take the piss out on' someone is to get angry with that person.
 * A pisser is a disagreeable person or event

The former is, I believe an Americanism. Is it used elsewhere ? I don't think it's well used if at all in the UK.

The latter, with respect to a person, is also an Americanism - again, is it used elsewhere, Australia, for instance ?

If these are US specific terms, then I suggest the article is clarified in this respect. Thoughts all ? JRL 03:27, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Hmm, I've always taken pisser out to not be a person but a toilet or urinal, i.e. where you go to piss.

("Hold on I gotta run to the pisser for a minute!")

Yes, I'm american.

Pisser is often used in UK dialect, to mean an heavy blow, ie: "He's just given his thumb a right pisser with that hammer. As well as stated above, to mean a toilet, not however, necessarilly a urinal; it is more often an indication of what the person using the term intends to do once reaching the toilet. Similarly, the expression could be "Hold on, I gotta run to the shitter". - LM (2006/07/05)

Origin
I remember reading in a readers digest book of facts the origin of the term piss. It cmes from the fountain de Piss in France, which pepicts a boy urinating. Corrupt one (talk) 12:17, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Manneken Pis is in Brussels, in Belgium, not France, and cannot be the origin of the word because it is attested (both as verb and noun) in Shakespeare and the King James Bible – and, in fact, older Bible translations all the way back to Wycliffe, which has, however, pisser instead of pisseth/pisses – before the statue was even erected (heh), see piss. So that book is wrong. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 17:04, 27 July 2015 (UTC)

Why does this article have nothing in it?
| I found this version in the history. Would it not be better if this page currently contained well you know... Some information? OK, this page obviously attracts attention from vandals, so I understand why it is written in this way, but this page is not currently even protected from non-registered users, and gets vandalised a lot. It would be better to semi-protect this page and include more information. I suggest this page is reverted, cleaned up (some of the old version is not appropriate), and some of the suggestions given above be taken into consideration. As we say in the UK, this article is currently "Piss poor". I'm happy to do it, but not if some piss artist is going to piss all over my pisser... If you will excuse my use of expression. 92.237.140.67 (talk) 03:47, 31 July 2009 (UTC)
 * agree. common, its one of the 7 infamous words made notable by george carlin. I think any version of this article would pass notability standards —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.71.56.11 (talk) 06:45, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

May we please change it 2 "vulgarity" and "vulgarism" instead of "profanity". Piss is NOT a profanity. Monkeylady999 (talk) 23:56, 12 January 2023 (UTC)

Euphemism
Would it not be easier to say it is a widely used euphemism in nearly every english dialect? One used with varying colourful meaning.

title: Talk:Piss


text: Category:Hugo Award winners

title: Category:Hugo Award winners


text:
Secure communication

Secure communication is when two entities are communicating and do not want a third party to listen in. For this to be the case, the entities need to communicate in a way that is unsusceptible to eavesdropping or interception. Secure communication includes means by which people can share information with varying degrees of certainty that third parties cannot intercept what is said. Other than spoken face-to-face communication with no possible eavesdropper, it is probable that no communication is guaranteed to be secure in this sense, although practical obstacles such as legislation, resources, technical issues (interception and encryption), and the sheer volume of communication serve to limit surveillance.

With many communications taking place over long distance and mediated by technology, and increasing awareness of the importance of interception issues, technology and its compromise are at the heart of this debate. For this reason, this article focuses on communications mediated or intercepted by technology.

Also see Trusted Computing, an approach under present development that achieves security in general at the potential cost of compelling obligatory trust in corporate and government bodies.

History
In 1898, Nikola Tesla demonstrated a radio controlled boat in Madison Square Garden that allowed secure communication between transmitter and receiver.

One of the most famous systems of secure communication was the Green Hornet. During WWII, Winston Churchill had to discuss vital matters with Franklin D. Roosevelt. In the beginning, the calls were made using a voice scrambler, as this was thought to be secure. When this was found to be untrue, engineers started to work on a whole new system, which resulted in the Green Hornet or SIGSALY. With the Green Hornet, any unauthorized party listening in would just hear white noise, but the conversation would remain clear to authorized parties. As secrecy was paramount, the location of the Green Hornet was only known by the people who built it and Winston Churchill. To maintain secrecy, the Green Hornet was kept in a closet labeled 'Broom Cupboard.'' The Green Hornet used a one-time pad. SIGSALY was also never broken.

Types of security
Security can be broadly categorized under the following headings, with examples:

 * Hiding the content or nature of a communication
 * Code – a rule to convert a piece of information (for example, a letter, word, phrase, or gesture) into another form or representation (one sign into another sign), not necessarily of the same type. In communications and information processing, encoding is the process by which information from a source is converted into symbols to be communicated. Decoding is the reverse process, converting these code symbols back into information understandable by a receiver. One reason for coding is to enable communication in places where ordinary spoken or written language is difficult or impossible. For example, semaphore, where the configuration of flags held by a signaler or the arms of a semaphore tower encodes parts of the message, typically individual letters and numbers. Another person standing a great distance away can interpret the flags and reproduce the words sent.
 * Obfuscation
 * Encryption
 * Steganography
 * Identity Based
 * Hiding the parties to a communication – preventing identification, promoting anonymity
 * "Crowds" and similar anonymous group structures – it is difficult to identify who said what when it comes from a "crowd"
 * Anonymous communication devices – unregistered cellphones, Internet cafes
 * Anonymous proxies
 * Hard-to-trace routing methods – through unauthorized third-party systems, or relays
 * Hiding the fact that a communication takes place
 * "Security by obscurity" – similar to needle in a haystack
 * Random traffic – creating random data flow to make the presence of genuine communication harder to detect and traffic analysis less reliable

Each of the three types of security is important, and depending on the circumstances, any of these may be critical. For example, if a communication is not readily identifiable, then it is unlikely to attract attention for identification of parties, and the mere fact a communication has taken place (regardless of content) is often enough by itself to establish an evidential link in legal prosecutions. It is also important with computers, to be sure where the security is applied, and what is covered.

Borderline cases
A further category, which touches upon secure communication, is software intended to take advantage of security openings at the end-points. This software category includes trojan horses, keyloggers and other spyware.

These types of activity are usually addressed with everyday mainstream security methods, such as antivirus software, firewalls, programs that identify or neutralize adware and spyware, and web filtering programs such as Proxomitron and Privoxy which check all web pages being read and identify and remove common nuisances contained. As a rule they fall under computer security rather than secure communications.

Encryption
Encryption is a method in which data is rendered hard to read by an unauthorized party. Since encryption methods are created to be extremely hard to break, many communication methods either use deliberately weaker encryption than possible, or have backdoors inserted to permit rapid decryption. In some cases government authorities have required backdoors be installed in secret. Many methods of encryption are also subject to "man in the middle" attack whereby a third party who can 'see' the establishment of the secure communication is made privy to the encryption method, this would apply for example to the interception of computer use at an ISP. Provided it is correctly programmed, sufficiently powerful, and the keys not intercepted, encryption would usually be considered secure. The article on key size examines the key requirements for certain degrees of encryption security.

Encryption can be implemented in a way that requires the use of encryption, i.e. if encrypted communication is impossible then no traffic is sent, or opportunistically. Opportunistic encryption is a lower security method to generally increase the percentage of generic traffic which is encrypted. This is analogous to beginning every conversation with "Do you speak Navajo?" If the response is affirmative, then the conversation proceeds in Navajo, otherwise it uses the common language of the two speakers. This method does not generally provide authentication or anonymity but it does protect the content of the conversation from eavesdropping.

An Information-theoretic security technique known as physical layer encryption ensures that a wireless communication link is provably secure with communications and coding techniques.

Steganography
Steganography ("hidden writing") is the means by which data can be hidden within other more innocuous data. Thus a watermark proving ownership embedded in the data of a picture, in such a way it is hard to find or remove unless you know how to find it. Or, for communication, the hiding of important data (such as a telephone number) in apparently innocuous data (an MP3 music file). An advantage of steganography is plausible deniability, that is, unless one can prove the data is there (which is usually not easy), it is deniable that the file contains any.

Identity-based networks
Unwanted or malicious activities are possible on the web since the internet is effectively anonymous. True identity-based networks replace the ability to remain anonymous and are inherently more trustworthy since the identity of the sender and recipient are known. (The telephone system is an example of an identity-based network.)

Anonymized networks
Recently, anonymous networking has been used to secure communications. In principle, a large number of users running the same system, can have communications routed between them in such a way that it is very difficult to detect what the complete message is, which user sent it, and where it is ultimately coming from or going to. Examples are Crowds, Tor, I2P, Mixminion, various anonymous P2P networks, and others.

Anonymous communication devices
Typically, an unknown device would not be noticed, since so many other devices are in use. This is not assured in reality, due to the presence of systems such as Carnivore and unzak, which can monitor communications over entire networks, and the fact that the far end may be monitored as before. Examples include payphones, Internet cafe, etc.

Bugging
The placing covertly of monitoring and/or transmission devices either within the communication device, or in the premises concerned.

Computers (general)
Any security obtained from a computer is limited by the many ways it can be compromised – by hacking, keystroke logging, backdoors, or even in extreme cases by monitoring the tiny electrical signals given off by keyboard or monitors to reconstruct what is typed or seen (TEMPEST, which is complex).

Laser audio surveillance
Sounds, including speech, inside rooms can be sensed by bouncing a laser beam off a window of the room where a conversation is held, and detecting and decoding the vibrations in the glass caused by the sound waves.

Cellphones
Cellphones can easily be obtained, but are also easily traced and "tapped". There is no (or only limited) encryption, the phones are traceable – often even when switched off – since the phone and SIM card broadcast their International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). It is possible for a cellphone company to turn on some cellphones when the user is unaware and use the microphone to listen in on you, and according to James Atkinson, a counter-surveillance specialist cited in the same source, "Security-conscious corporate executives routinely remove the batteries from their cell phones" since many phones' software can be used "as-is", or modified, to enable transmission without user awareness and the user can be located within a small distance using signal triangulation and now using built in GPS features for newer models. Transceivers may also be defeated by jamming or Faraday cage.

Some cellphones (Apple's iPhone, Google's Android) track and store users' position information, so that movements for months or years can be determined by examining the phone.

The U.S. Government also has access to cellphone surveillance technologies, mostly applied for law enforcement.

Landlines
Analogue landlines are not encrypted, it lends itself to being easily tapped. Such tapping requires physical access to the line which can be easily obtained from a number of places, e.g. the phone location, distribution points, cabinets and the exchange itself. Tapping a landline in this way can enable an attacker to make calls which appear to originate from the tapped line.

Anonymous Internet
Using a third party system of any kind (payphone, Internet cafe) is often secure, however if that system is used to access known locations (a known email account or 3rd party) then it may be tapped at the far end, or noted, and this will remove any security benefit obtained. Some countries also impose mandatory registration of Internet cafe users.

Anonymous proxies are another common type of protection, which allow one to access the net via a third party (often in a different country) and make tracing difficult. Note that there is seldom any guarantee that the plaintext is not tappable, nor that the proxy does not keep its own records of users or entire dialogs. As a result, anonymous proxies are a generally useful tool but may not be as secure as other systems whose security can be better assured. Their most common use is to prevent a record of the originating IP, or address, being left on the target site's own records. Typical anonymous proxies are found at both regular websites such as Anonymizer.com and spynot.com, and on proxy sites which maintain up to date lists of large numbers of temporary proxies in operation.

A recent development on this theme arises when wireless Internet connections ("Wi-Fi") are left in their unsecured state. The effect of this is that any person in range of the base unit can piggyback the connection – that is, use it without the owner being aware. Since many connections are left open in this manner, situations where piggybacking might arise (willful or unaware) have successfully led to a defense in some cases, since it makes it difficult to prove the owner of the connection was the downloader, or had knowledge of the use to which unknown others might be putting their connection. An example of this was the Tammie Marson case, where neighbours and anyone else might have been the culprit in the sharing of copyright files. Conversely, in other cases, people deliberately seek out businesses and households with unsecured connections, for illicit and anonymous Internet usage, or simply to obtain free bandwidth.

Programs offering more security

 * Secure instant messaging – Some instant messaging clients use end-to-end encryption with forward secrecy to secure all instant messages to other users of the same software. Some instant messaging clients also offer end-to-end encrypted file transfer support and group messaging.
 * VoIP – Some VoIP clients implement ZRTP and SRTP encryption for calls.
 * Secure email – some email networks are designed to provide encrypted and/or anonymous communication. They authenticate and encrypt on the users own computer, to prevent transmission of plain text, and mask the sender and recipient. Mixminion and I2P-Bote provide a higher level of anonymity by using a network of anonymizing intermediaries, similar to how Tor works, but at a higher latency.
 * IRC and web chat – Some IRC clients and systems use client-to-server encryption such as SSL/TLS. This is not standardized.

Criminal use
Several secure communications networks, which were predominantly used by criminals, have been shut down by law enforcement agencies, including: EncroChat, Sky Global / Sky ECC, and Phantom Secure.

General background

 * Computer security
 * Opportunistic encryption
 * Communications security
 * Secure messaging

Software selections and comparisons

 * Comparison of VoIP software
 * Comparison of instant messaging clients
 * Anonymous P2P

Other

 * Freenet
 * Hepting vs. AT&T, a 2006 lawsuit in which the Electronic Frontier Foundation alleges AT&T Inc. allowed the NSA to tap all of its clients' Internet and Voice over IP communications
 * NSA warrantless surveillance controversy
 * Secret cell phone
 * Unode

title: Secure communication


text:
1974 New Brunswick general election

The 1974 New Brunswick general election was held on November 18, 1974, to elect 58 members to the 48th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. It saw Richard Hatfield's Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick win its second majority government with a gain of one seat despite losing the popular vote to Robert J. Higgins's New Brunswick Liberal Party. For the second election in a row, the Conservatives received a majority in the parliament despite receiving fewer votes than the Liberals.

Despite the Hatfield government's involvement in the failed Bricklin SV-1 automobile plant and a series of kickback schemes, there were few surprises during the campaign. Hatfield had made inroads in the Acadian community since the 1970 election, winning three francophone seats in by-elections. The Acadian support proved key during Hatfield's entire term as premier.

This was the first New Brunswick election in which candidates contested only single-member ridings, established as a result of the 1973 electoral redistribution; previous elections had each county as an electoral district electing a varying number of members, based on their respective populations, with multi-member districts predominating.

Results

!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Party !rowspan="2"|Party leader !rowspan="2"|# of candidates !colspan="4"|Seats !colspan="3"|Popular vote
 * - bgcolor=CCCCCC
 * - bgcolor=CCCCCC
 * align="center"|1970
 * align="center"| Dissolution
 * align="center"|Elected
 * align="center"|Change
 * align="center"|#
 * align="center"|%
 * align="center"|% Change

 * align=left|Progressive Conservative
 * align=left|Richard Hatfield
 * align="right"|58
 * align="right"|32
 * align="right"|32
 * align="right"|33
 * align="right"|+1
 * align="right"|145,304
 * align="right"|46.86
 * align="right"|-1.54

 * align=left|Liberal
 * align=left|Robert Higgins
 * align="right"|58
 * align="right"|26
 * align="right"|26
 * align="right"|25
 * align="right"|-1
 * align="right"|147,372
 * align="right"|47.53
 * align="right"|-1.08

 * align=left|New Democratic
 * align=left|Albert Richardson
 * align="right"|35
 * align="right"|0
 * align="right"|0
 * align="right"|0
 * align="right"|0
 * align="right"|9,092
 * align="right"|2.93
 * align="right"|+0.10

 * align=left|Parti Acadien
 * align=left|Euclide Chaisson
 * align="right"|13
 * align="right"|0
 * align="right"|0
 * align="right"|0
 * align="right"|0
 * align="right"|3,607
 * align="right"|1.16
 * align="right"|

 * align=left|Independents
 * align=left|
 * align="right"|11
 * align="right"|0
 * align="right"|0
 * align="right"|0
 * align="right"|0
 * align="right"|4,723
 * align="right"|1.52
 * align="right"|
 * }
 * }

title: 1974 New Brunswick general election


text:
Modern music

Modern music may refer to:

Albums

 * Modern Music (Brad Mehldau and Kevin Hays album), 2010
 * Modern Music (Be-Bop Deluxe album), 1976

General music

 * 20th-century music
 * 20th-century classical music
 * 21st-century classical music
 * Contemporary classical music
 * Modernism (music)
 * Modern jazz
 * Modern rock
 * Popular music

Other uses

 * Modern Music (Australian record label), of bands such as The Tenants
 * Modern Music (German record label), affiliated with Noise Records
 * Modern Music (magazine), an American magazine published by Minna Lederman

title: Modern music


text:
Andrew Berenzweig

Andrew David "Bubba" Berenzweig (born August 8, 1977) is an American former professional ice hockey player. He prepped at Loomis Chaffee School and played collegiately at the University of Michigan. He was drafted by the New York Islanders in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft.

Playing career
Berenzweig was traded by the New York Islanders to the Nashville Predators in exchange for a fourth-round selection in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft. He was later traded to the Dallas Stars, who left him unprotected in the 2003 NHL Waiver Draft. Unselected by any teams, Berenzweig cleared waivers and was assigned to the Stars' minor league affiliate Utah Grizzlies. Berenzweig left the Grizzlies without permission and was suspended by the Stars for violating the terms of his contract.

Personal life
Berenzweig is Jewish, and as of 2014, Berenzweig is working for insurance firm The Hylant Group.

title: Andrew Berenzweig