text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Marc Newman

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 18:21, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Marc Newman
Non-notable activist. A Google search for "Marc Newman" AND "Socialist Alternative" (the group the article says he worked with) returns only 28 hits. A search for the other group he worked for returns only 15 hits. Delete. Carrp | Talk 18:58, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, not notable, vanity. Megan1967 22:55, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable (any notable content is completely subsumed under Socialist Alternative) Fifelfoo 23:01, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no verifiability - David Gerard 00:28, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)


text:
Turok: Evolution

Turok: Evolution is a first-person shooter video game developed by Acclaim Studios Austin and published by Acclaim Entertainment, released for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and GameCube in 2002. A port for Windows was released in 2003 for the European market. A separate side-scrolling action game bearing the same name was released simultaneously for Game Boy Advance. Evolution is a prequel to Turok: Dinosaur Hunter and was the last to follow in the series before it was rebooted by a 2008 entry in the series titled Turok.

Plot
The game begins with the seer, Tarkeen, explaining the history of the Lost Lands which had, for years, been fought over by tyrannic warlords.

On Earth during the old west, Tal'Set faces off with his enemy, Captain Bruckner, and succeeds in cutting off his arm, but both of them are suddenly and inexplicably sucked into a wormhole. The wormhole opens in the jungle canopy of the Lost Land, and Tal'Set is nearly killed from the fall. He is found unconscious by the people of the River Village who call upon Tarkeen to heal him. Once healed, Tal'Set enters the jungle to fight reptilian humanoids known as the Sleg, aiming to keep them away from the Village. Tal'Set and River Village pilot Genn fly upon pterosaur-back to evict the Sleg from the jungle and destroy their airship.

Tal'Set reaches Tarkeen's sanctum and is told he must accept the mantle of Turok and release Tarkeen from a curse. When Tal'Set refuses, Tarkeen tells him that the Sleg had managed to reach the Village. This enrages Tal'Set which prompts him to cut through the mountains to reach the Sleg base to free the villagers and Wise Father from captivity.

Tal'Set proceeds to liberate the prisoners and destroy the base. Here, he learns of the existence of a human general, none other than Bruckner himself, who had ordered the attack on the village. It is also learned that the Sleg are planning to assault the human capitol, Galyana, but for their army to reach it, they must cross a giant chasm with only two known crossings. Tal'Set is sent through the thickly forested Shadowed Lands to destroy one of these crossings, an ancient bridge. The bridge is destroyed with Tal'Set upon it, but he is saved from falling by his pterosaur.

Tal'Set flies to the second crossing, the Suspended City, where his pterosaur is shot down. Tal'Set breaches the city and cleanses the street with his comrades, surviving the first wave of Sleg paratroopers entering the city. He breaches the Senate and saves the Senators, who tell him that the only way to stop the Slegs from cutting through the city is to destroy it. Tal'Set subsequently releases the tethers connecting the city to the Chasm walls. Tal'Set is given another pterosaur steed by the senators and escapes the falling city by flight.

The city is successfully destroyed, but the Sleg leader, Lord Tyrannus, has one more tactic to try. He unleashes the Juggernaut, an immense pair of cannons mounted upon a massive sauropod, with the aim to level Galyana. Tal'Set infiltrates and destroys the Juggernaut but before escaping is confronted by Tyrannus. The Sleg leader threatens to kill Tal'Set but is held off by Tarkeen. Tal'Set escapes again on his pterosaur and destroys one last wave of Sleg troops.

With the Sleg defeated, Tal'Set continues his hunt for Bruckner, quickly finding him aboard a Tyrannosaurus rex equipped with various weapons. Tal'Set kills the animal, which traps Bruckner beneath it as it falls. Tal'Set leaves the villain alive, stating "he does not deserve a warrior's death". As Tal'Set leaves, Bruckner is eaten alive by a pack of Compsognathus. In the aftermath, Lord Tyrannus furiously screams at his defeat and was not mentioned or seen again. Tal'Set tells Tarkeen that he accepts the mantle of Turok.

Development
The game had a marketing budget of $8 million.

Multiplayer
Turok: Evolution features four player split screen multiplayer for Gamecube and Xbox and two player for PS2. The game features at least 13 multiplayer maps, several of which contain dinosaur AI bots.

Reception
Turok: Evolution received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.

The game's villain, Tobias Bruckner, lived on through Electronic Gaming Monthly's annual Tobias Bruckner Memorial Awards, which "honored" what they perceived to be the worst in video games, with categories specific to the games released in that year.

Cancelled sequel
After the release of Turok: Evolution, Acclaim Studios Austin placed a small team in charge of creating a sequel. The project was not picked up, and the team moved on to other projects.

In June 2004, Classic Media announced that they had revoked Acclaim's video game rights for the franchise due to a lack of royalty payment, preventing a sequel from being made regardless of the circumstance.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Turok: Evolution


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mighty Morphin Alien rangers Ano 3.5

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Rossami (talk) 00:10, 16 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Mighty Morphin Alien rangers Ano 3.5
A badly written and very incomplete episode guide; the article's language is Brazilian Portuguese. Not Wikipedia material, even if it's translated and expanded. --Sn0wflake 19:00, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Since I can't read it, not vote for me -- unless it is never translated, then it's an automatic delete. Zzyzx11 21:12, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's entirely stuff like this: "Our heroes work on a new project to help the Alien Rangers. Then Rito and Goldar show up and the Alien Rangers have to defend their young friends." (Nossos heróis trabalham em um novo projeto para ajudar os Alien Rangers. Então Rito e Goldar aparecem e os Alien Rangers devem defender seus jovens amigos.) I don't see a need for a full translation. Wile E. Heresiarch 02:14, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - no useful content - there isn't an episode guide article for any version of Power Rangers. kelvSYC 03:47, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gullible

Gullible
Article is a joke, and appears to have been deleted previously Hansnesse 01:47, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was - deleted - SimonP 14:13, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC)

Gullible
Already is in the Wiktionary, and therefore does not belong in the Wikipedia. Bratsche 19:01, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed, this is a dictionary definition, not an encyclopedia article, so it belongs in thw Wiktionary and not here.
 * Note: Comment made by anonymous user 72.19.73.209. --Bratsche 21:56, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * gullible had existed for two months prior to this page. The original advertisement should have been speedily deleted under criterion A3, rather than the page rewritten as a dictionary entry. Delete. Uncle G 11:17, 2005 Mar 16 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- Infrogmation 19:14, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- WB 22:48, Mar 20, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:International Radio and Television Organisation

I think that this text: "The prefix inter- refers to the internationalism which was (hoped to be) one of the key traits of communism." is little bit strong expression to explain word "inter". If we think that "inter" always means only internationalism, perhaps Internet too is a main tool for promoting world-wide communism, what it isn't, because it is highly regulated in communism and islamism.

Finland, for example, was not only member of OIRT, but also EBU, not for promoting communism, but protecting her both side neutrality by being bipartial.

http://www.valtioneuvosto.fi/tpk/puheet/P9409.IIE.html

Can we have a list of broadcasters like on the EBU page.i.e.
 * German Democratic Republic: Radio der DDR, Fernsehen der DDR
 * Finland: Yleisradio

List of Members
 * German Democratic Republic: Radio der DDR, Fernsehen der DDR
 * Finland: Yleisradio
 * Bulgaria: BNT (Bâlgarska Nationalna Televizija)
 * Poland: Polskie Radio i Telewizja
 * Romania:Televiziune Româna

159753 20:33, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Logo
Actually, I remember Intervision broadcastings in Polish TV in communist era, and the logo displayed before them was different: it was a picture of Chopin monument in Warsaw. The only similarity was that there was the text "INTERVISION" above it and "INTERWIDIENIE" below it. I can't find this one on this page either, where there are several Intervision logos presented. None of them I ever saw before. So it seems to me that there was in fact no commonly used logo for Intervision, but different logos were used by local television networks to mark Intervision auditions. 82.210.159.30 19:12, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

"and also Austria"?
I'm confused by the text "and also Austria" which seems to have been added in the edit at 18:43, 16 December 2007. Can this be clarified? Hnc14 (talk) 15:33, 28 May 2008 (UTC)


text:
Roy Boulter

Roy Boulter (born 2 July 1964, Liverpool) was the English drummer in the Liverpool-based pop group The Farm. He joined the band in 1987, enjoying success with the number one album, Spartacus, and hits such as "Groovy Train" and "All Together Now". The Farm re-formed (despite never formally splitting up), occasionally touring and playing festivals. In 2011 the band provided the nucleus of The Justice Tonight Band, joined by Mick Jones (The Clash), Pete Wylie (The Mighty Wah!) and Andrew Davitt (Johnny Boy, Paul Weller, Manic Street Preachers, B.A.D.). The band was formed to raise awareness about the injustice surrounding the Hillsborough disaster - Boulter and Farm lead-singer Peter Hooton were both present at the tragedy. The Justice Tonight Band toured the UK and Europe (supporting the Stone Roses ) spreading the message about Hillsborough and the twenty-three years of injustice endured by the families and victims of the tragedy.

Boulter has written extensively for television, including Brookside, Hollyoaks, The Bill and for the second - BAFTA-winning - series of Jimmy McGovern's drama The Street ("Two Families" starring Lorraine Ashbourne, Gina McKee and a pre-Doctor Who Matt Smith - in his first lead role). Boulter wrote for the BBC soap opera EastEnders in 2011 and 2012 as well as co-writing the Radio 2 pilot Shout to the Top (along with former Sleeper lead vocalist, Louise Wener). Previously, he had written two other radio dramas – Lifestyles of the Trapped and Cabbaged and Shanghaied and Shipless.

He is a co-director of Hurricane Films along with business partner Sol Papadopoulos, and the pair produced their feature film Under the Mud, followed by the Terence Davies documentary Of Time and the City (for which the duo received a BAFTA nomination ).

Hurricane Films produced two further Davies films; Sunset Song starring Peter Mullan and Agyness Deyn (world premiere at the Toronto Film Festival ), and A Quiet Passion starring Cynthia Nixon, Jennifer Ehle and Keith Carradine (Berlin Film Festival). These were followed by A Prayer Before Dawn directed by Jean-Stéphane Sauvaire, starring Joe Cole (Cannes 2017). In 2018, Boulter and Hurricane Films produced Sometimes Always Never, starring Bill Nighy, Sam Riley, Alice Lowe and Jenny Agutter, written by Frank Cottrell Boyce and directed by Carl Hunter (London 2018). Most recently Hurricane produced The Last Bus with Timothy Spall and Phyllis Logan - directed by Gillies McKinnon, which is due for release in 2021.

Boulter was appointed as Creative Director The Museum of Liverpool's Immersive exhibition - ‘Kicking And Screaming’ – a film about the city's passion for football. Hurricane Films went on to win the tenders for two further immersives at the museum - an exploration of the early lives and career of The Beatles, made in collaboration with Apple Corps Ltd and ‘The Power And The Glory?’ an interpretation of how the growth and decline of the British Empire created and then almost destroyed the city of Liverpool.

Boulter is a founder member and director of The Jack Jones Trust – a collaboration set up between film-makers and Trade Unions to produce documentaries.

He supports Liverpool F.C. and was a founder member of The Spirit Of Shankly football supporters union.

title: Roy Boulter


text:
William A. Pickering

William Alexander Pickering  (9 June 1840 – 26 January 1907) was the first Protector appointed on 3 May 1877 by the British government to administer the Chinese Protectorate in colonial Singapore. He was the first European official in Singapore who could speak fluent Mandarin and Hokkien and gained the trust of many of the Singapore Chinese. His efforts went a long way towards controlling the problems posed by the secret societies then. Pickering Street in Singapore's Chinatown is named after him.

Background
Before becoming the Chinese Protector, William Pickering had previously served a 10-year term in Hong Kong's Chinese Maritime Customs Service. He could therefore speak Mandarin, the official language of Qing Government, Cantonese and a number of southern Chinese dialects such as Hakka, Hokkien, Foochew, and Teochew.

Arriving in Singapore
Once in Singapore, Pickering was appalled at how Chinese dialect translations of European officials referred to judges as "demons", police as "big dogs" and Europeans in general as "red-haired demons". There were also 'post office riots' between the Hokkiens and Teochews over who had the right to send money and letters back to China. An unusual technique he employed to quell the riots was to walk up and down the streets playing his bagpipes. This unusual sight often subdued the Chinese onlookers. Pickering, with his command of dialects, would then help to sort out the differences.

Larut Wars
Pickering played a part in putting an end to the incessant troubles between the Ghee Hin and Hai San who had engaged in open warfare over the tin fields at Larut since 1861. When Sir Andrew Clarke wished to gather together the heads of both secret societies together for a peace conference he first sent Pickering up to Penang. Pickering was to behave as if he were acting on his own responsibility. The seeds of peace thus informally sowed, Clarke could then officially invite the parties to peace talks together. Around 9 January 1874, together with McNair and Dunlop, Pickering met with Capitan China Chung Keng Quee, a person of considerable influence with the Hai San secret society.

Pickering met the famous explorer Captain Speedy in Larut, who envied him for his ability to both speak Chinese and play the bagpipes.

Chinese Protector
In 1876, an official British report into secret society activities was published. One recommendation in this report was that every coolie-to-be who arrived at Boat Quay should first encounter a British official who could speak his language and let the immigrant know that "there was an officer of the Government whose special duty is to protect and befriend him". In May 1877, William Pickering was appointed for this job under the title of "Protector of Chinese" and his office was located in a small shophouse along North Canal Road, Singapore known as the Protectorate of Chinese.

In a dramatic incident in 1887, Pickering was attacked by a Teochew carpenter, Chua Ah Siok, who was sent by one of the secret societies, the Ghee Hok Society, to kill him in retaliation for Pickering's constant meddling in business. Chua coolly walked up to Pickering's desk and threw an axe at him. The butt end of the axe blade struck Pickering on the forehead, causing serious injury, but Pickering survived.

Previously, Pickering had worked in the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs in Fuzhou and Qing era Formosa (Taiwan), and wrote an account of his time in Taiwan called Pioneering in Formosa.

Pickering was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1884 Birthday Honours. He retired as Protector in 1889, due to complications from the attack by Chua, and died on 26 January 1907.

Assignment in Negeri Sembilan
Pickering was sent to Sungei Ujong, Negeri Sembilan by the British authorities in Malacca to intervene militarily in a leadership tussle in Sungai Ujong to preserve British economic interests. An agreement was eventually brokered by Pickering and the signing of the agreement was witnessed by Pickering.

title: William A. Pickering


text:
J. P. Mallory

James Patrick Mallory (born October 25, 1945) is an American archaeologist and Indo-Europeanist. Mallory is an emeritus professor at Queen's University, Belfast; a member of the Royal Irish Academy, and the former editor of the Journal of Indo-European Studies and Emania: Bulletin of the Navan Research Group (Belfast).

Career
J. P. Mallory was born in San Bernardino, California on October 25, 1945, the son of Clyde Francis and Rosemarie Mallory. Mallory received his A.B. in History from Occidental College in California in 1967, then served three years in the US Army as a military police sergeant. He received his Ph.D. in Indo-European studies from UCLA in 1975 under the supervision of Marija Gimbutas. Together with Gimbutas, Edgar C. Polomé and other Indo-Europeanists, Mallory was involved in the founding of the Journal of Indo-European Studies.

Edited volumes

 * J. P. Mallory & Brian M. Fagan, eds. The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

title: J. P. Mallory


text: User talk:84.12.24.87

title: User talk:84.12.24.87


text:
Talk:Matthew Vassar

Untitled
The biography of the younger Matthew Vassar does not meet any of Wikipedia's acceptable criteria for the inclusion of biography.

Criteria_for_Inclusion_of_Biographies

 * I agree. (I actually think I know the younger Matt Vassar; he's a great guy but not worthy of a Wikipedia bio.) I've put that biography up for speedy deletion and am removing the link to it from this page. Hbackman 03:51, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

The removal of the biography is not vandalism. Please respond to the charge that it does not meet any of the acceptable criteria for the inclusion of biography.

First women's college
I changed the wording about Vassar being the first women's college in New York. Elmira College was founded ten years before Vassar, and while it may not be as well-known, it still existed before Vassar. Paul 04:19, 24 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I changed it back before reading your note. I'll change it back yet again without the unqualified word "major". JDoorj a m     Talk 04:21, 24 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Ah, thank you. I didn't know if I should put "major" in there or not, but figured that somebody would change it if need be. Paul 04:28, 24 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, college articles, and those articles related to them, tend to suffer from "brochure creep," where over time they gradually start reading less like encyclopedia articles and more like promotional literature for the college. Do you know whether it was the second women's college in New York?  If so, that'd certainly be worth subbing in for the generic "one of the first." Cheers, JDoorj a m     Talk 04:44, 24 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't, actually. I was doing work on the Elmira College entry (I'm a student there) and noticed this inconsistency. If I come across any information that I can use to strengthen the sentence, I'll be sure to add it. Paul 05:50, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum caution and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform the project members on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 07:44, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Matthew Vassar


text:
Leonard Courtney, 1st Baron Courtney of Penwith

Leonard Henry Courtney, 1st Baron Courtney of Penwith (6 July 1832 – 11 May 1918) was a radical British politician, and an academic, who became famous after being advocate of proportional representation in Parliament and acting as an opponent of imperialism and militarism.

He was a member of William Ewart Gladstone's second administration from 1880 to 1883 and served as Chairman of Ways and Means (Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons) between 1886 and 1893. He was the first and the last Baron Courtney of Penwith.

Background and education
Courtney was born at Penzance, Cornwall. He was the eldest son of John Sampson Courtney, a banker, and Sarah, daughter of John Mortimer. Two of his brothers, John Mortimer Courtney (1838–1920), and William Prideaux Courtney (1845–1913), also attained public distinction, the former in the government service in Canada (from 1869, retiring in 1906), rising to be deputy-minister of finance, and the latter in the British civil service (1865–1892), and as a prominent man of letters and bibliographer. He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge, where he was Second Wrangler and first Smith's prizeman, and elected a fellow of his college. He was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1858. From 1872 to 1875 he was professor of political economy at University College, London. He was president of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall from 1881 to 1882.

Political career
In December 1876, after a previous unsuccessful attempt, Courtney was elected to parliament for Liskeard as a Liberal. He continued to represent the borough, and Bodmin into which it was merged by the Reform Act of 1885, until 1900, when his attitude towards the South African War (he and his wife Catherine were one of the foremost of the so-called Pro-Boer Party) compelled his retirement.

Until 1885, he was a devoted adherent of William Ewart Gladstone, particularly in finance and foreign affairs. In 1880 he was appointed Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department, in 1881 Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies and in 1882 Financial Secretary to the Treasury. He was known as a stubborn fighter for principle, and after finding that the government's Reform Bill in 1884 contained no recognition of the scheme for proportional representation, to which he was deeply committed, he resigned office. He refused to support Gladstone's Home Rule Bill in 1886 and was one of those who chiefly contributed to its rejection, whose reputation for unbending integrity and intellectual eminence gave solidity to the Liberal Unionist party.

In 1886, Courtney was elected Chairman of Ways and Means (Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons) and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1889. His efficiency in this office seemed to mark him out for the speakership after the 1895 general election. A Liberal Unionist, however, could be elected only by Conservative votes, and he had made himself objectionable to a large section of the Conservative Party by his independent attitude on various questions, on which his liberalism outweighed his party loyalty. He, would in any case, have been incapacitated by an affection of the eyesight, which for a while threatened to withdraw him from public life altogether.

After 1895, Courtney's divergences from the Unionist party on questions other than Irish politics became gradually more marked. He became known in the House of Commons principally for his candid criticism of the measures introduced by his nominal leaders, and he was rather to be ranked among the Opposition than as a Ministerialist. When the crisis with the Transvaal came in 1899, Courtney's views, which remained substantially what they were when he supported the settlement after Majuba in 1881, had plainly become incompatible with his position even as a nominal follower of Lord Salisbury and Joseph Chamberlain.

He led the work of the South African Conciliation Committee which brought the sufferings of the Boers to the attention of British people.

In November 1902, he was appointed chairman of the Royal Commission on Superannuation of the Civil Service, which delivered their report the following year.

He gradually reverted to formal membership of the Liberal party and, in January 1906, unsuccessfully contested Edinburgh West as a supporter of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman at the general election. Among the birthday honours of 1906 he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Courtney of Penwith, in the County of Cornwall.

Courtney was a prominent supporter of the women's movement through the influence of his wife and sister-in-law. In his earlier years, he was a regular contributor to The Times, and he wrote numerous essays in the principal reviews on political and economic subjects. In 1901, he published a book on The Working Constitution of the United Kingdom. He was President of the Royal Statistical Society, 1897–99. He was a great friend of artist Norman Garstin.

Personal life
Courtney married Catherine Potter, daughter of Richard Potter and an elder sister of Beatrice Webb, on 15 March 1883 at St Jude's Church, Whitechapel. They had no children.

In May 1918, aged 85, he was living at 15 Cheyne Walk at the time of his death. He left effects totalling £56,672 2s 6d. The peerage became extinct.


text:
Category talk:British communists

Untitled
This classification has a rather arbitrary, nay McCarthyite, tinge. Many of those included had left by '56, and where Marxists first and foremost - a rather different idea. EPThompson and several others here listed were by no stretch of the imagination tankies. If this is an 'are you now or have you ever been' classification then many Labour Party members later considered right-wing, would need to be included! Originator, please explain.! Linuxlad
 * Wow, something I did got called McCarthyite, there's a first, hehe. I'm actually a Communist myself and think that listing those who are now, or have ever been communists is not only interesting but important as it shows the much-overlooked role that communism has played in British politics. It's not intended to disgrace those who have now renounced communist policies (although it'd be nice to think that should they stumble across Wikipedia it'd remind them to renew their membership...). The introduction to the category makes it fairly clear that the list shows those who have been active, not just those who now are. Many of those that had left the CPGB by 1956 still identified themselves as communists (I used the small 'c' so as not to imply a direct party affiliation), as being a tankie and being a communist don't go hand in hand, as I've just added Tony Cliff, for example, who couldn't be described as a tankie in the same way as I could. I think it's a reasonable category, and quite a helpful one, too. Hope that clears it up. Oh, you've reminded me, I should add John Reid... Dafyddyoung 11:11, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Bernard Shaw
Shaw was communist? He was a defender of USSR, but I think that he was more a "fellow traveler", not a communist —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.84.198.132 (talk) 21:41, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

John Peet
Likewise with John Peet who I think was never a member of the CPGB and could never join the Socialist Unity Party in the German Democratic Republic or its West Berlin branch as he always kept his British citizenship. Can we check?

(Borewatch (talk) 21:53, 4 September 2009 (UTC))

title: Category talk:British communists


text:
KCA

KCA may refer to:

 * IATA code for Kuqa Qiuci Airport, China
 * Kalam Cosmological Argument
 * KCA DEUTAG, oil and gas services company
 * Kenya College of Accountancy
 * Kerala Cricket Association
 * Konami Corporation of America, the North American subsidiary of Konami
 * Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
 * Kyiv Christian Academy
 * Kikuyu Central Association
 * Krupp cemented armour

kca may refer to:

 * Khanty or Ostyak language, ISO-639-3 code

title: KCA


text:
Svengali (Gil Evans album)

Svengali is a live album by jazz composer, arranger, conductor and pianist Gil Evans, recorded in 1973 by Evans with an orchestra featuring Ted Dunbar, Howard Johnson, David Sanborn, Billy Harper, Richard Williams, Trevor Koehler, and Hannibal Marvin Peterson. The name of the album is an anagram for Gil Evans.

Reception
The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4½ stars stating "one of Gil Evans's finest recordings of the 1970s. He expertly blended together acoustic and electronic instruments... Evans's arrangements are quite inventive and innovative. Rarely would he be so successful in balancing written and improvised sections in his later years".

Track listing

 * All compositions arranged and conducted by Gil Evans.

 * 1) "Thoroughbred" (Billy Harper) - 6:33
 * 2) "Blues In Orbit" (George Russell) - 10:15
 * 3) "Eleven" (Miles Davis, Gil Evans) - 1:42
 * 4) "Cry of Hunger" (Harper) - 10:18
 * 5) "Summertime" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin, DuBose Heyward) - 3:58
 * 6) "Zee Zee" (Evans) - 7:37
 * Recorded live in 1973 at Trinity Church, New York, NY except "Zee Zee" which was recorded at Philharmonic Hall, New York, NY.

Personnel

 * Gil Evans - Piano, Electric piano
 * David Sanborn - Alto saxophone
 * Billy Harper - Tenor saxophone
 * Trevor Koehler - Baritone saxophone, Soprano saxophone, Flute
 * Richard Williams - Trumpet
 * Tex Allen - Trumpet (except on "Zee Zee")
 * Marvin Peterson - Trumpet (on "Zee Zee")
 * Sharon Freeman - French horn
 * Pete Levin - French horn
 * Joseph Daley - Trombone, Tuba
 * Howard Johnson - Tuba, Baritone saxophone, Flugelhorn
 * David Horowitz - synthesizers
 * Ted Dunbar - Guitar
 * Herb Bushler - Electric bass
 * Bruce Ditmas - drums
 * Sue Evans - Percussion

title: Svengali (Gil Evans album)


text:
Aerocalexico

Aerocalexico is a 2001 Calexico album that was only available on their 2001 tour or on their website.

Track listing

 * 1) "All the Pretty Horses"
 * 2) "Blacktop"
 * 3) "'64 Ford Fairlane"
 * 4) "Transistorites"
 * 5) "Clothes of Sand" (by Nick Drake)
 * 6) "Train of Thought"
 * 7) "Redwood"
 * 8) "Gift X-Change"
 * 9) "TV Room"
 * 10) "Inch by Inch"
 * 11) "Reverse Ranch"
 * 12) "Crooked Road and the Briar"
 * 13) "Impromptu for Piano and Contrabass"
 * 14) "6 White Horses"
 * 15) "Sequoia"
 * 16) "Crawlspace"
 * 17) "Humano (instrumental)"
 * 18) "At the Table He Sat Alone with a Glass and Bottle of Wine"
 * 19) "AZ Room"
 * 20) "Bees and the Flies"
 * 21) "Crystal Frontier (original version)"
 * 22) "Hush A-Bye"
 * 23) "Singing Wind Ranch"

title: Aerocalexico


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Ben Leach

Ben Leach (born 2 May 1969 in Liverpool, England) was the keyboard and synthesizer player in the Liverpool-based pop band, The Farm. He joined in 1988 when the band acquired another brass section playing trumpet (also including Bobby Bilsborough on saxophone and David Peel on trombone). When the band decided to drop the brass section in early 1990, Ben became the keyboard player. He was with them at the height of their success in autumn and early winter of 1990, when they achieved chart success with "Groovy Train" and "All Together Now".

He later went on to become keyboard player for the second incarnation of Happy Mondays in the late 1990s.

title: Ben Leach


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Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 10th Earl of Shaftesbury

Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 10th Earl of Shaftesbury Bt (22 May 1938 – c. 5 November 2004), styled Lord Ashley between 1947 and 1961, and Earl of Shaftesbury from 1961 until his death, was a British peer from Wimborne St Giles, Dorset, England. He was the son of Major Lord Ashley and Françoise Soulier.

Lord Shaftesbury was the grandson of the 9th Earl of Shaftesbury. Shaftesbury's father was the heir apparent to the earldom and its subsidiary titles, but he predeceased his father, the 9th Earl. His death made his son next in the line of succession. When his grandfather died in 1961, Tony became the 10th Earl of Shaftesbury, Baron Ashley of Wimborne St Giles and Baron Cooper of Pawlett.

The 10th Earl of Shaftesbury was a wealthy landowner of over 9000 acre in East Dorset, and received honours and awards for his philanthropic and conservationist work, which included planting over a million trees in South West England. He served as president of the Shaftesbury Society, pursuing the same goals of his second great grandfather, the 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, who had founded the organisation as Ragged Schools in 1840. He also served as the vice president of Sir David Attenborough's British Butterfly Conservation Society.

In November 2004, the 10th Earl of Shaftesbury went missing while in France, prompting an international police investigation. His remains were found at the bottom of a remote ravine in the foothills of the French Alps five months after his death. Investigations revealed that he was murdered by his brother-in-law during an argument regarding a divorce from his wife, Jamila M'Barek, both of whom were convicted of his murder.

Education and early years
Anthony Ashley-Cooper was born on 22 May 1938 in London, England. He was named after his father, as was tradition for firstborn sons in the Ashley-Cooper family. His father, Major Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Lord Ashley, was the firstborn son of the 9th Earl of Shaftesbury. Notable among his ancestors were the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, a leader of the Whig party in Parliament, and the 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, a 19th-century evangelical social reformer, who was honoured with the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain in London's Piccadilly Circus.

Ashley-Cooper's mother was the French-born Françoise Soulier, daughter of Georges Soulier of Caudebec-en-Caux, France. Major Lord Ashley and Françoise remained married until his death in 1947. Anthony's younger sister was Lady Frances Mary Elizabeth Ashley-Cooper (born 9 April 1940).

Ashley-Cooper was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. As a child, his primary pursuits outside of getting an education included mountain climbing and skiing. He also expressed a love of music, which continued into adulthood with his service as chairman of the London Philharmonic Orchestra from 1966 to 1980. On 8 March 1947, his father died unexpectedly of heart disease and Ashley-Cooper became heir to the titles held by his grandfather and acquired the courtesy title of Lord Ashley.

Lord Ashley's mother decided to move back to her native France with the children. In August 1947, she remarried and settled in Paris. The children spent the next few years shuttling across the English Channel to their boarding schools, Eton for Lord Ashley and Heathfield School in Ascot for his sister, Frances. Holidays were alternately spent in France or with their grandparents at the Manor House in Wimborne St Giles. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Royal Armoured Corps, where he did his national service, on 29 June 1957. On 29 October 1958, he was placed in the emergency reserve of the 10th Royal Hussars. Lord Ashley was 22 years old when he succeeded his grandfather.

The 9th Earl of Shaftesbury, prior to his death, invested and arranged financial matters so that his heirs would avoid death duties. When his grandfather died, the newly titled 10th Earl of Shaftesbury came into a vast fortune of the Shaftesbury estates and other properties, including the family's 17th-century home and large estate in Dorset, as well as residences in Hove, London, Versailles and the French Riviera. Shaftesbury also inherited a collection of art, antiques, and other valuables worth over £3m. By the 1990s, the wealth of the family estate remained well worth millions.

St Giles House

The Shaftesbury estate in East Dorset is the home base and centre of business of the Ashley-Coopers. In addition to St Giles House, the family owns a large estate, including over 9000 acre, along with property, land, and loughs, that establishes them as one of the wealthiest families in the United Kingdom.

The Ashleys and Ashley-Coopers have made Wimborne St Giles their home since the 15th century. The small village of Wimborne St Giles rests within the family estate itself. The Ashley family arrived in Dorset, originally from Wiltshire, where they had owned the manor of Ashley since the 11th century. The first ancestor to reside in Wimborne St Giles was Robert Ashley (born c. 1415), fifth great grandfather of Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury.

Built in 1651, the family seat of St Giles House was unoccupied for many years following the death of the 9th Earl of Shaftesbury, and fell into disrepair apart from one wing used as the estate office. In 2001 it was recorded on the Register of Buildings at Risk, as a Grade I listed building, indicating neglect and decay. Buildings recorded on the Grade I list include those of "exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important". Following extensive repairs, in 2012 the house was reoccupied by the 12th Earl of Shaftesbury and his family.

Conservation and philanthropy
Lord Shaftesbury received honours and awards for his conservationist work. He planted more than a million trees on his 9000 acre estate at Wimborne St Giles, Dorset. In 1992, he was the joint winner of the Royal Forestry Society's National Duke of Cornwall Award for Forestry and Conservation, presented by Charles, Prince of Wales. He also served as president of the Hawk and Owl Trust and as vice president of Sir David Attenborough's British Butterfly Conservation Society. According to Philip Rymer, manager of the Shaftesbury Estates, the 10th Earl of Shaftesbury had also put quite a bit of energy into trying to save an endangered species of bat.

Shaftesbury served as president of the Shaftesbury Society, which the 7th Earl of Shaftesbury had founded as Ragged Schools in 1840. The charity provides free education, as well as food, clothing, lodging and other home missionary services for those too poor to pay. In 2007, the Shaftesbury Society was merged with John Grooms Crippleage, reorganising under the new name of Livability.

Shaftesbury owned Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland, which is the source of 40 per cent of Northern Ireland's drinking water. He continued to allow water to be extracted from the lough at no charge.

House of Lords speech
Although a member of the House of Lords, until the passage of the House of Lords Act in 1999, the 10th Earl of Shaftesbury rarely attended. His maiden speech was made on 10 November 1999, the day before the act was passed and came into force. At this time, Shaftesbury made an eight-minute presentation in a debate regarding arts and sport, a portion of which is presented below.

The Earl of Clancarty rose to ask Her Majesty's Government how they believe the arts and sport relate to the issue of "social exclusion".

7 p.m. The Earl of Shaftesbury

 * My Lords, I apologise to noble Lords for this dramatic last-minute but not opportunistic maiden speech. Although I inherited my title 30 years ago and have attended spasmodically, particularly during the early 1970s when we rigorously debated the Industrial Relations Bill and the European Community Bill of Accession, both in Committee and on Report until extremely late at night, my heart has not entirely been in the thrust and cut of politics, unlike my more distinguished ancestors.

 * In fact, building a society the Shaftesbury way is not a matter of imprisoning a presumed evil spirit of mankind. It is a matter of beauty and truth. Both Goethe and Voltaire were influenced by the 3rd Lord Shaftesbury. The former particularly reminded us that we must cultivate our garden. We all know about large prize-winning marrows, but are not succulent baby courgettes more perfect? Small is beautiful too...

 * One of the best sermons I have ever been privileged to hear was by the late Bishop of Winchester. Social exclusion? He said virtually that if one sheep from a flock of 100 goes missing, the good shepherd worries frantically about that single sheep until it is safely found. There are too many sheep, men, women and children, being marginalised. John the Baptist had the answer: why do we not? I remain concerned in these turbulent times, but thank you for your patience. It has been my privilege to be able to speak in your Lordships' House.

Marriages and children
Shaftesbury was married three times. He expressed his attraction to foreign women. At Eton, he wrote an article for the college magazine in which he described English debutantes as "round-shouldered, unsophisticated garglers of pink champagne". His three marriages and scattered relationships with foreign women throughout his life reflected his earlier opinions of English women.

Bianca Maria de Paolis
Shaftesbury met his Italian-born first wife, Bianca de Paolis, during a skiing holiday. They married in July 1966. Bianca Maria de Paolis (born c. 1926), was the daughter of Gino de Paolis, a Roman banker. She had previously been married to the American film producer, Jack Le Vien. Shaftesbury and de Paolis were declared husband and wife at the Westminster Register Office in front of a few friends, with none of his family in attendance. They divorced 10 years later, on grounds of his adultery with an unnamed woman. The couple had no children.

The former Countess of Shaftesbury, who used the name Contessa Bianca Shaftesbury, released her memoirs in 2008, entitled, A Life on Fire. She died on 16 March 2013, in Rome, Italy. The funeral was held on 18 March 2013 at the church of Santa Maria dei Miracoli in Piazza del Popolo.

Christina Eva Montan
In December 1976, Shaftesbury married the Swedish-born Christina Eva Montan (born c. 1940). Styled The Countess of Shaftesbury after their marriage, she was the daughter of Nils Montan, the former Swedish Ambassador to Germany. Lady Shaftesbury was also a divorcée with a son and daughter from her first marriage, the half-siblings of the 11th and 12th Earls of Shaftesbury. Frederic Casella is a television producer and director in Britain, while his sister Cecilia is an attorney living in New York City. Shaftesbury and his second wife had two sons:

 * Anthony Nils Christian Ashley-Cooper, 11th Earl of Shaftesbury (24 June 1977 – 15 May 2005), first-born son of the 10th Earl of Shaftesbury and his wife. He died of a heart attack in Manhattan, New York, while visiting his younger brother Nicholas and older half-siblings Frederic and Cecilia.
 * Nicholas Edmund Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 12th Earl of Shaftesbury (born 3 June 1979), a former DJ and house music promoter in New York and Privilege in Ibiza, Spain. A short time following his brother's death, Nicholas relocated to the family seat at Wimborne St Giles, returned to business school for a couple of years, and assumed the responsibilities of the earldom. He has shown an interest in supporting charitable organisations, primarily those addressing the needs of children with disabilities. In December 2009, Nicholas suffered serious spinal injuries in a horse riding accident. He crushed his vertebrae in the fall. While he experienced initial paralysis necessitating the use of a wheelchair, physical therapy has helped restore his health to the point where he is able to walk, with limitations. With continued rehabilitation, doctors expect a full recovery.

The second marriage of Shaftesbury was more successful than the first, producing two children. The 1999 death of his mother, however, had a profound effect on Shaftesbury, affecting his relationship with his wife and children. Lady Frances Ashley-Cooper, sister of the 10th Earl of Shaftesbury, stated the following. In August 1999, our mother had died of cancer in tragic circumstances while we were all enjoying ourselves at my eldest son's wedding. For my brother, her death was a catastrophe. He adored her. She had been his protector and greatest admirer since the death of our father in 1947, when Anthony was eight and I was six. When our mother died, it was as though my brother had become an orphan at age 61. Without her, he felt emotionally bereft. He lost his grip on reality. At one point, he had bought a flat in Versailles, and had entirely recreated two rooms from our late mother's house. He had used all the furniture, books and knick-knacks of our childhood in Paris. It was a bit much.

—Lady Frances Ashley-Cooper In 2000, Shaftesbury unexpectedly moved out of the Manor House and divorced his wife. He left his former wife in charge and passed the running of the estate to his 23-year-old son, Anthony. Christina, Countess of Shaftesbury, and their sons remained in residence in Wimborne St Giles, while the Earl relocated to France, embarking on a string of short-lived and expensive love affairs with younger women distinguished by their exotic looks and equally colourful histories.

Shaftesbury had an apartment in Versailles, (furnished with £3m worth of antique art and furniture) but spent much of his time on the Cote d'Azur where he enjoyed a social life fuelled by drugs and alcohol. His wealth attracted a variety of individuals, willing and ready to take advantage of his generosity. A friend described him as becoming a "philanthropist who specialised in rescuing lap dancers" while his French lawyer, Thierry Bensaude, more diplomatically referred to him as "a philosophical adventurer in society".

In early 2002, an article in the Daily Telegraph described the 63-year-old lord, "dressed in leather trousers and open-necked, pink silk shirts, with a gold chain draped around his neck". Shaftesbury had fallen hard for a 29-year-old French model named Nathalie Lions. In 2006, an article in the Guardian wrote of his relationship with Lions, with whom he would be found "frolicking at Bellini's bar in Kensington, where he liberally wrote cheques and Lions spent them". He refused to listen to others who warned him that she was taking advantage of him. They toured the party spots of London, Barbados, and the Riviera until a tabloid exposé revealed Lions' past as a "Penthouse Pet" for Penthouse magazine and Shaftesbury called off the relationship. Rather than return to England, he remained on the French Riviera.

Jamila Ben M'Barek
The 10th Earl of Shaftesbury became a familiar figure in some of the nightspots on the French Riviera. He was known for his black leather trousers, pink shirts, and large red and black glasses. He had a habit of flashing his money around as he bought drinks for a wide variety of female companions. At one such establishment on the Riviera, he met Jamila Ben M'Barek (born c. 1961), a divorcée and the mother of two children from a previous relationship. She was one of seven children born in Paris to a Tunisian mother and a Moroccan father. In 1993, M'Barek had posed naked in Playboy. They were married on 5 November 2002, at Hilversum in the Netherlands.

To the disappointment of his family, he became infatuated with M'Barek, buying her a flat in Cannes for £500,000 and transferring other properties into her name after they married.

By April 2004, the couple were separated when Lord Shaftesbury started a new relationship with a young mother of two named Nadia Orche, who has been described as a "club hostess from Cannes" and a "Moroccan prostitute". The difference in their ages did not bother her. She described him as "an attentive and generous man". According to Orche, Shaftesbury was planning to marry her after getting a divorce from his third wife.

Disappearance and murder
On 3 November 2004, Shaftesbury arrived in Nice, France, scheduled to meet with his estranged wife. On 4 November, he visited her at her home on Avenue Mareschal Koenig. He later checked into the £130-a-night, four-star Noga Hilton on the Cannes seafront. The following day, after checking out of the hotel, Shaftesbury vanished without a trace. From that point forward, the whereabouts of the 10th Earl of Shaftesbury were unknown until April of the following year.

Friends and family become concerned
It was normal for Shaftesbury occasionally to disappear for a few days from time to time, so no one other than his girlfriend was initially concerned with his disappearance. "Anthony didn't answer his telephone anymore. I was worried," she says, "I called again. I called England. This wasn't like him. I was sure that something bad had happened."

On 15 November 2004, Shaftesbury's Nice-based lawyer, Thierry Bensaude, reported him missing after being contacted by his girlfriend, Orche. The peer divided his time between the Riviera and a home in Hove, East Sussex. He had been due to return home on 10 November. After not hearing from Shaftesbury in a week, they remained concerned when he failed to return to his rented flat in Adelaide Crescent, Hove. Bensaude and Orche both expressed fears for his safety. Shaftesbury had been taking legal action in relation to the theft of some family antiques and artwork. Some friends and acquaintances mentioned that he had complained of money problems, so they surmised that his disappearance may have had something to do with the theft and financial loss.

On 18 November, the French police publicly appealed for information leading to Shaftesbury's whereabouts; on 22 November, they opened a formal criminal inquiry. Anthony Nils, elder son of the 10th Earl of Shaftesbury, was regularly in touch with the police following his father's disappearance and travelled to Nice to confer with French authorities there. The Rev. David Paskins of the Wimborne St Giles parish church said, "Everyone is anxious and concerned — it's the unknown that is worrying. Lady Shaftesbury [Christina] is very concerned."

Theories on Shaftesbury's whereabouts
Family and concerned individuals initially feared that the 10th Earl of Shaftesbury had been kidnapped by Russian or North African gangsters who were plotting to steal his fortune. Thierry Bensaude stated that Shaftesbury is "extremely generous to his friends and may have been taken advantage of". His former wife claimed that she had warned her husband about the company he was keeping. The theory was that some of his more disreputable acquaintances had decided to kidnap the peer and were now engaged in some scheme to force him into signing away part of his inherited wealth.

Commander Brunache said, "We took the case very seriously. There were a number of possible explanations for his disappearance. He could have decided to disappear, a suicide, or he could have been the victim of a crime. There were several possibilities and we were exploring all of them."

Within a month of Shaftesbury's disappearance, Detective Chief Superintendent Graham Cox, head of Sussex Police CID, who had been contacted by Lady Frances Ashley-Cooper, said that they were treating the matter as a murder case. The French police agreed with Cox, due to the lack of ransom demands or signs of fraud. Whether dead or alive, there were still no clues as to the whereabouts of the 10th Earl of Shaftesbury.

Confession and arrest
In February 2005, his wife Jamila M'Barek was admitted to a psychiatric hospital, where she had an emotional breakdown and began confessing to her involvement in her husband's death. When interviewed by police, she claimed that Shaftesbury had been beaten to death by her brother during a fight at her flat in Cannes.

Shaftesbury and his third wife had separated in April 2004 and divorce proceedings had been set in motion. By that time, he had given her a windmill in the Gers region of southwestern France, the €700,000 duplex in a villa in Cannes, which included staff, a 4x4 car, and a monthly allowance, ranging between €7,500 and €10,000. Shaftesbury wanted to end this arrangement and the marriage, so that he could marry his new girlfriend. While Shaftesbury was discussing his desire with his wife, a fight broke out between him and his wife's brother, Mohammed M'Barek. Lord Shaftesbury died during the fight, when Mohammed strangled him, breaking his neck. According to Jamila M'Barek, her brother placed her husband's body in the boot of his BMW and dumped it in an unknown place. She was arrested on 25 February 2005 and her brother was arrested by German police the following day at his home in Munich. He was later extradited to France, continuing to deny his involvement and knowledge of the location of Lord Shaftesbury's body.

On 7 April 2005, a body in an advanced state of decomposition was discovered by the French authorities in a valley at Théoule-sur-Mer, Alpes-Maritimes on the outskirts of Cannes. The police were led to the area by examining the last-known signal from Lord Shaftesbury's mobile phone records. After a two-day search, they found a decomposed body that had been partly eaten by animals, hidden in the undergrowth next to the riverbed. A French police spokesman announced, "As far as we are concerned, there is absolutely no doubt it is him." This belief was confirmed through DNA testing on 18 April 2005.

In June 2006, pre-trial proceedings began in Grasse, before the investigating Magistrate, Catherine Bonnici. The proceedings were part of the French investigative process that is used to determine whether prosecutors have enough evidence to send a case to trial. During the first week of June, the court travelled to the site where the peer's body was found. Mohamed M'Barek was transported in leg chains for the one-day reenactment. Once they arrived, M'Barek demonstrated that he had enough strength to have acted alone. He managed to lift a 182 lb dummy — the same weight as Shaftesbury's body — out of the boot of a car and dump it down a ravine.

Jamila M'Barek told the court that she was not with her brother when he disposed of the body, and in fact, she stated that she had never been to the site. She claimed that she had no role in the killing other than helping her brother, under duress, load the body into his car. She told investigators, "I did not want him to die. I just wanted my brother to intimidate him so that he would continue to pay me my allowance. But he didn't want to have anything to do with it, so a violent quarrel broke out. I left the room because I could not stand to see what was happening".

Trial at the Palais de Justice
On 22 May 2007, the trial of Jamila M'Barek and Mohamed M'Barek opened at the Palais de Justice in Nice, $2 1/2$ years after the death of the 10th Earl of Shaftesbury. The presiding judge of the jury trial was Nicole Besset, with Jean-Louis Moreau serving as the state prosecutor. Shaftesbury's widow was represented by attorney Franck De Vita, while her brother was represented by Melanie Juginger. The Ashley-Cooper family was represented by attorney Philippe Soussi. A forensic examination of the skeletal remains revealed injuries including a broken ankle, and a double fracture to the larynx which indicated strangulation as the cause of death. At times, both Mme M'Barek and her brother admitted their involvement in the death of Lord Shaftesbury, and the French authorities decided to charge both her and her brother with the crime of premeditated murder.

Magistrate's investigative report
The trial began with a presentation of the investigative report, which was read to the court by Jean-Louis Moreau, the state prosecutor. The report described Shaftesbury's widow as "an escort girl who loved the high life" who "chose the life of a kept woman, with multiple affairs with men she chose for their bank accounts and their assets". Having struck gold when she married the 10th Earl of Shaftesbury, she then faced "looming financial disaster" in the event of a divorce and set out "consciously and without constraint, to accomplish his assassination".

Testimony was presented that in October 2002, Mme M'Barek had convinced the peer that she was pregnant with his child, and as a result, Shaftesbury married her on 5 November 2002. Shaftesbury made out a new will leaving his new wife properties in Ireland and France. Two years later, with no child forthcoming, he began looking elsewhere for affection. When Shaftesbury initiated divorce proceedings, his wife feared losing her valuable inheritance and began to take steps to secure her financial future.

Lady Frances Ashley-Cooper testified. "When my brother said he would divorce her, she would not accept". She stated that before the separation, Shaftesbury was convinced by his wife to sell the Versailles flat. Testimony continued, regarding the disappearance of antique furniture and family artefacts. [Jamila] and Mohammed arranged to empty the flat and when my brother asked where his mother's furniture had gone to, she said it was on a boat to Tunisia where it was going to be sold. My brother was distraught. This was cruel emotional blackmail. In fact, the furniture was in storage in Cannes, but my brother never knew that. I have just managed to get hold of the key.

—Lady Frances Ashley-Cooper

Defence statements
Mme M'Barek discounted the investigative report and stated that her marriage to Shaftesbury "was a curse", describing her husband as "a loner" who "had no friends" which is why "he drank a lot". She portrayed him as a "violent, sex-crazed alcoholic, hooked on cocaine". While she freely admitted that her brother had indeed killed her husband, she testified that it was all an accident.

There was blood on the floor. I did not know if it was my brother or my husband's blood. My brother could not believe my husband was dead.

—Jamila M'Barek

She further admitted that after her husband was dead, she helped her brother load his body into the boot of his black BMW. She prefaced this admission with additional claims.

He forced me to put the body in the boot of the car. He forced me to follow him as I thought we were going to a hospital. Then he asked me to go away.

—Jamila M'Barek

Her brother Mohammed M'Barek presented a similar defence.

I am innocent, my sister is innocent. It was an accident.

—Mohammed M'Barek

According to Monsieur M'Barek's account of events, he had been drinking heavily and smoking cannabis when he was confronted with the "excited and aggressive" 10th Earl of Shaftesbury. A fight then broke out during which he "accidentally" strangled his brother-in-law while attempting to restrain him. Although M'Barek was rather hazy on the details, he testified, "I don't know how it happened. It happened in a minute". He further stated that he had done everything he could to save the Earl, including mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and heart massage, but it "was too late. He had left us".

Mohammed M'Barek expressed frustration with the French authorities that had kept him "in prison for two-and-a-half years for nothing". He thought it was an outrage that the French regarded the dumping of an inconveniently dead body in a ravine as a crime. He even went so far as to appeal to the new French president Nicolas Sarkozy for justice. On the third day of the trial, the courtroom descended into chaos as Monsieur M'Barek burst into tears and then jumped to his feet pointing at Shaftesbury's family. He attempted to blame the Ashley-Cooper family for the peer's death, claiming that they were the guilty ones. "You're the guilty ones, you the rich, who want to take his inheritance!" he shouted as police wrestled with him in the dock. After refusing requests from his lawyer and the judge to sit down and be quiet, M'Barek was taken down to the cells and the hearing temporarily adjourned.

The French authorities suspected that there was a conspiracy to murder Shaftesbury, when they discovered that Mme M'Barek transferred €150,000 into her brother's bank account the week following her husband's disappearance. The prosecution viewed this as payment for services rendered, although Mme M'Barek testified that she had given her brother the money in order for him to buy a house for their ailing mother.

In her defence, Mme M'Barek denied any financial motive in wishing her husband dead and claimed that she had no need of his fortune, stating that she had "always been prosperous". She testified that the source of her prosperity was the generosity of wealthy individuals who were prepared to pay for her company. She named three prominent celebrities as her former clients. All three individuals denied ever meeting Jamila M'Barek and declined to attend court to comment on her allegations or serve as character witnesses.

Mme M'Barek further stated that the arguments she had with her husband had nothing to do with money, but rather arose as a result of Lord Shaftesbury's excessive sexual demands brought on by his seemingly endless injections of testosterone.

Conviction and sentencing
The strongest piece of evidence presented by the prosecution were details revealed in a secretly recorded telephone conversation between Jamila M'Barek and her sister, Naima, in which the former discussed £100,000 (€150,000) blood money paid to her brother. She additionally recounted precisely how she was going to blame her brother for her husband's death. The wiretap also uncovered the truth about Jamila M'Barek's visit to the remote spot where her husband's body was found. This was supported when downloaded records from the GPS tracking device in her cellphone provided details that she (or at least her cellphone) had been there two days prior to Shaftesbury's death.

On 25 May 2007, after deliberating for two hours, the jury returned guilty verdicts against both brother and sister. Jamila M'Barek and her brother were each sentenced to 25 years in prison. Under French law, they each have an automatic right to appeal their conviction, which results in a retrial of the case. After the trial, Mohammed M'Barek was admitted to a psychiatric ward. His initial plans to appeal have been dropped. On appeal by his sister, the court was informed that he was in an "incoherent and mostly delirious state" and would be unable to testify on either his behalf or on the behalf of his sister.

On 4 February 2009, Jamila M'Barek appeared in a court in southern France to appeal her conviction. After the jury deliberated for four hours, her sentence was reduced from 25 to 20 years at a Court of Appeal in Aix-en-Provence. With all appeals exhausted, the 12th Earl of Shaftesbury expressed his relief at the verdict and said he could now get on with his life after closing a "very painful chapter".

Funeral and burial
On 30 September 2005, funeral services were held for Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 10th Earl of Shaftesbury. Hundreds of mourners were in attendance, held at the parish church in Wimborne St Giles. Those in attendance included Shaftesbury's second wife, Christina, Countess of Shaftesbury; his son, the 12th Earl of Shaftesbury; and his sister, Lady Frances Ashley-Cooper.

Charles Palmer-Tomkinson read from Khalil Gibran's The Prophet, while Shaftesbury's sister read from For These Once Mine, by George Santayana. "The Prayer of St Francis of Assisi" was read by Shaftesbury's son, Nicholas, who had inherited the title of 12th Earl of Shaftesbury a few months prior.

After the 45-minute service, Shaftesbury's ashes were taken to the church and placed in the family crypt in Wimborne St Giles. He was buried next to his eldest son, Anthony Nils Christian Ashley-Cooper, 11th Earl of Shaftesbury, who died on 15 May 2005, six months after his father. The Reverend David Paskins, parish priest, said after the ceremony, "It was a very inspiring occasion. They have had a very difficult time and have borne it with great dignity and fortitude".


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Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge

The Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge is located in southwestern Elko County and northwestern White Pine County in the northeastern section of the state of Nevada in the western United States. Established in 1938, as of 2023 it encompasses 39928 acre of wetlands in Ruby Valley, just east of the Ruby Mountains and just south of Harrison Pass. It is 16 mi long, up to 3 mi in width, and lies at an elevation of 6000 ft. Once the bed of a 200 ft deep lake, it is now a network of spring-fed marshes and shallow ponds serving as a habitat for hundreds of species of native and migratory birds and mammals.

The Refuge is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. A Visitor's Center (located at 40.20217°N, -115.49283°W) and auto-tour route allow for discreet viewing of waterfowl.

Ruby Marsh
Ruby Marsh is a wetlands area within the national refuge, which serves as a nesting area for "the greater sandhill crane and trumpeter swan". In 1972, Ruby Marsh, which is located within the Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge, was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.

title: Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge


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Hieronymites

The Hieronymites or Jeronimites, also formally known as the Order of Saint Jerome (Ordo Sancti Hieronymi; abbreviated OSH), is a Catholic cloistered religious order and a common name for several congregations of hermit monks living according to the Rule of Saint Augustine, though the role principle of their lives is that of the 5th-century hermit and biblical scholar Jerome.

The principal group with this name was founded in the Iberian Peninsula around the 14th century. Their religious habit is a white tunic with a brown, hooded scapular and a brown mantle. For liturgical services, they wear a brown cowl.

Origins
Established near Toledo, Spain, the order developed from a spontaneous interest of a number of eremitical communities in both Spain and Portugal imitating the life of Jerome and Paula of Rome. This way of life soon became widespread in Spain. Two of these hermits, Pedro Fernández y Pecha and Fernando Yáñez y de Figueroa, decided it would be more advantageous to live a more regular way of life in a community, under an authorized monastic rule.

Under their leadership, the Monastery of Saint Bartholomew was then founded in Lupiana, with Fernández y Pecha acting as the first prior. On 18 October 1373, Pope Gregory XI issued a papal bull recognizing them as a religious order, under the Rule of Saint Augustine. The constitutions included the teachings of their patron saint. By 1415 there numbered 25 houses following this spirit; in that year, they were united by the Pope and given the status of an exempt order, free from episcopal jurisdiction.

From its outset, the order enjoyed great favor from the king of Spain, and soon possessed some of the most famous monasteries in the Iberian Peninsula: including the Royal Monastery of Saint Mary of Guadalupe in Extremadura, Spain; the Royal Monastery of Saint Mary of Bethlehem in Lisbon, Portugal; and the magnificent monastery built by Philip II of Spain at El Escorial, where the kings of Spain were buried.

Though their way of life was very austere, the Hieronymites also devoted themselves to study and to active ministry, possessing great influence at the courts both of Spain and of Portugal. In the 16th century they were a major supporter of the efforts of the Portuguese mystic John of God, who established the nursing order in Granada bearing his name. Missionaries to both Spanish and Portuguese America played a considerable part spreading Christianity in the New World.

Hieronymite nuns were founded in 1375 by Maria Garcias, and became numerous throughout the Iberian peninsula.

Religious habit
The members of the order (monks and nuns) adopted as their religious habit a white tunic with a brown scapular (similar to the Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel used by the Carmelites) and a hood, over which is worn a brown mantle or cowl of the same color.

American mission
The islands of the Antilles in the Caribbean were entrusted to them for pastoral care by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, who sent a small party of three monks to Hispaniola. They were originally sent to deal with the issue of accusations against the Spanish colonists of atrocities against the native population. These charges had been most vocally leveled by the noted priest Bartolomé de las Casas, who was a secular priest at the time. They appear to have been ineffectual in preventing the abuses which de la Casas had charged.

The leader of the monks, Luis de Figueroa, was later named the third bishop of Santo Domingo in 1523, which at the time also included the islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico. He died in 1526, before he could be consecrated as a bishop. Another member of the order, Juan de Arzolaras (or Alzóloras), served as the Archbishop of Santo Domingo (1566–1568), before being transferred to serve as the Bishop of the Canary Islands.

Modern era
The men's branch of the order declined during the 18th century and was completely suppressed in 1835 by the Spanish government. At that time, there were 48 monasteries with about a thousand monks. The fate of the monastery buildings was varied. Most of them fell into ruins, others were given to other religious orders, still others became breweries, barns, or holiday homes.

According to canon law, only the Holy See may suppress a religious order, and the Holy See possesses the right to restore that order should it see fit, for up to a century. In 1925, the Hieronymite nuns (who were not affected by the suppression) petitioned the Holy See for a restoration of the men's branch. This was granted, with a new community of monks being established at the Monastery of Saint Mary of Parral in Segovia. However, the troubles of the Republic of 1931 and of the subsequent Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 prevented any real progress until the general government of the order was constituted in 1969.

As of 2012 one community of monks exists, that of Saint Mary of Parral, and 18 monasteries of nuns (17 in Spain and one in India). The Hieronymite Order is a monastic one, now purely contemplative. Through solitude and silence, assiduous prayer, and healthy penance, the order attempts to bring its monks into closer union with God. The Hieronymite is conscious that the more intensely he dedicates himself to the monastic life, the more fruitful becomes the life of the Church as a whole. Hieronymites believe that their prayer can have a profound impact on the world outside the monastery.

This is the environment in which the life of the Hieronymite monk is developed, with the morning usually spent in manual work—the normal means of support for monks—while afternoons are dedicated to contemplation, prayer and study. Throughout the course of the day, the monks also gather for the singing of the Liturgy of the Hours as well as the celebration of the Eucharist. The Hieronymite strives to allow these moments of prayer to flow through his way of life, so that his goal is to express his life in complete charity towards all people.

Hieronymites believe this inwardly-directed manner of life is an exquisite and effective form of apostolic outreach. They believe that in the middle of a restless world, there are those who are called by God to spend some time living in monastic solitude. For this reason, Hieronymite monasteries readily welcome visitors who are guaranteed silence and prayerful support.

As of 2010, there were 11 monks in the order, of whom four were priests. This is down from a high of 21 monks in 1990.

The nuns of the Order
Alongside the Hieronymite monks, there are the Hieronymite nuns. They began in Toledo, Spain, when María García (+1426) and Mayor Gómez headed a group of women who began living lives of simplicity and prayer. Finally, they joined in a common life in order to consecrate their lives to God in prayer and penance. As a result of their community, in 1374, Fernández y Pecha, the prior of the original community of monks, founded the Monastery of Santa Maria de La Sisla near that city. He then looked after the women, guiding them and outlining for them a way of life similar to that of the monks.

This first foundation was the origin of the Monastery of Saint Paul of the "beatas de San Jerónimo", as they began to be called. Their continued observance of their rules and sanctity led to their spread in various places throughout the Iberian Peninsula and in New Spain. In 1585 in Mexico City, the convent of San Jerónimo y Santa Paula was founded. Seventeenth-century Hieronymite Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz was that convent's most famous member, known in her own era as "the Tenth Muse."

Other and ancient communities

 * Hieronymites of the Observance (or of Lombardy): A reform of the above, effected by the third general in 1424; it embraced seven houses in Spain and seventeen in Italy, mostly in Lombardy. It is now extinct.
 * Poor Hermits of Saint Jerome (Pisa): Established near Pisa in 1377, this congregation established nearly fifty houses, of which only two survive, one in Rome and one in Viterbo, Italy.
 * Hermits of Saint Jerome (Fiesole): The congregation of Fiesole was established in 1406. They had forty houses but in 1668 they were united with those of Pisa.
 * Hermits of Saint Jerome (Stiavnicke Bane, Slovakia): The Hieronymites established a congregation in Štiavnické Bane (or Siegelsberg, Hegybánya) in 1733, then the Kingdom of Hungary. They are now extinct.

Current communities

{| cellspacing="3" id="bioTable"
 * - valign="top"
 * width="68%" bgcolor="#f8f8ff" style="border:1px solid #c6c9ff;padding:1em;padding-top:0.5em;"|

Male communities (cloistered monks)
{| cellspacing="3" id="bioTable"
 * Monastery of Saint Mary of Parral (Segovia, Spain) – Founded in 1447
 * }
 * - valign="top"
 * width="100%" bgcolor="#fff9f2" style="border:1px solid #ffc9c9;padding:1em;padding-top:0.5em;"|

Female communities (cloistered nuns)
Guadalajara]], Spain) – Founded in 1572
 * Monastery of Saint Paul (Toledo, Spain) – Founded in 1464
 * Monastery of Saint Martha (Cordoba, Spain) – Founded in 1464
 * Monastery of Saint Paula (Seville, Spain) – Founded in 1475
 * Monastery of Saint Matthew (Barcelona, Spain) – Founded in 1475
 * Monastery of Santa Mary of the Conception (Trujillo, Cáceres, Spain) – Founded in 1478
 * Monastery of Saint Elizabeth (Palma de Mallorca, Spain) – Founded in 1485
 * Monastery of the Hieronymite Conception (Madrid, Spain) – Founded in 1504
 * Monastery of Saint Bartholomew (Inca, Balearic Islands, Spain) – Founded in 1530
 * Monastery of Saint Paula (Granada, Spain) – Founded in 1540
 * Monastery of Saint Mary of the Assumption (Morón de la Frontera, Seville, Spain) – Founded in 1568
 * Monastery of Our Lady of Remedies (Yunquera de Henares, [[Province of Guadalajara|
 * Monastery of Our Lady of Health (Garrovillas, Cáceres, Spain) – Founded in 1572
 * Monastery of Corpus Christi las Carboneras (Madrid, Spain) – Founded in 1605
 * Monastery of Our Lady of the Angels (Constantina, Seville, Spain) – Founded in 1951
 * Monastery of Our Lady of Mercy (Almodóvar del Campo, Ciudad Real, Spain) – Founded in 1964
 * Monastery of Saint Mary of Jesus (Cáceres, Spain) – Founded in 1975
 * Monastery of Our Lady of Bethlehem (Toral de los Guzmanes, León, Spain) – Founded in 1990
 * Monastery of Mater Ecclesiae (Punalur, Kerala, India) – Founded in 2000
 * }

title: Hieronymites


text:
Wittlingen

Wittlingen is a municipality in the southwestern German state of Baden-Württemberg, part of the district Lörrach.

The coat of arms of Wittlingen was granted 1906 and shows the arms of Baden impaled by a plow iron as a symbol for the agricultural character of the town. The blazon is Or a Bend Gules impaling Azure a Plowshare Or point upwards.

title: Wittlingen


text:
User talk:Massimamanno

Hi. Are you the 62.101.126.212? Ultramarine 19:59, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Assuming you are, would you support creating a new article just for the specific historical cases, that is moving User:Salix alba/History of conflict between democracies to a real Wikipedia article? I think it would improve the DPT article which is getting quite long. However, the user Septentrionalis will very probably immediately put it up for deletion and have previously managed to get different earlier versions deleted. See this: regarding a version similar to this: . Do you think that any of these claimed problems remain? As far as I can tell, the main problem that many editors saw was that the earlier versions were not neutral.  They did not list many arguments for these conflicts being wars being wars between democracies, mainly because many researchers do not list any arguments but simply state these conflicts as exceptions. However, we have now added many arguments so I hope that this improved version can be seen as neutral.Ultramarine 20:38, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I would certainly vote for keeping the page Massimamanno
 * What would be an appropriate title?Ultramarine 23:34, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Earlier versions have been called "Possible wars between liberal democracies" or something similar. Ultramarine 23:41, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The current title of the Salix Alba talk page would be best in my opinion because it is actually slightly biased on the opposite side, and would make the whole article more acceptable. Otherwise, one could add a (possible) in parenthesis, like "History of (possible) conflict between democracies", which states that it may, or may not, be happened. I would not recommend "Possible wars between liberal democracies" because it somewhat appears to say too much against the hypotesis. Massimamanno
 * Good point. Do you think there should a "(possible)"Ultramarine 00:06, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Hm? Yes, the title could contain a (possible) Massimamanno
 * I will contact some of involved editors to see if they think the current version ok.Ultramarine 00:18, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Probably better to wait and see what happens with current discssion on the DPT talk page.Ultramarine 02:42, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Hi. Please restore the images. Pmanderson/Septentrionalis will list it for deletion no matter what and it may help persuade some quick voters that this is not a crank theory invented on Wikipedia which some seem to have thought previously.Ultramarine 07:26, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

On Wikipedia
Good work. Have you read this? Ultramarine 13:14, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

Uranium
The whole uranium business here is alittle bit overheated and some people insist on things. Both sides have had long hard arguing, about toxicology and radiology effects, even the phase diagram of uranium oxides resulted in endles fight. So try to take it not to personal, that the people bite the new editores on the pages depleted uranium and uraniom trioxide. If you think you are right put your aguments on the talk page and do the edits! I had the same when I first entered the shark pool around the dsert storm illness.--Stone 10:15, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Thanks and request
Thank you for your excellent work on depleted uranium. Please have a look at my proposal at Talk:Uranium for an update to Uranium -- a huge amount of the stuff in there at present is wrong, and that's an article going out on the CD-ROM versions, unlike the DU article. James S. 03:21, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh, here is "James", the living nighttmare of the depleted uranium weird community. You know I have been repeatedly accused of being you? What have you done there??? Now, seriously, I am grateful of your thanks but I whish to underscore a few points:

 * 1) I have no predetermined points of view to push. I usually come up and make major changes to an existing article only when I, as a non-specialist but generally informed person can "feel" something really wrong with an article. Depleted uranium was such a case, clearly and obviously biased in favor of tolerance or approval for DU use, and I think it still needs a lot of work; I am just waiting for some kind of feedback whatsoever from the existing editors. In the process I of course learn things by reading papers and if this leads me to change, all on in part, my previous informed convincements, I have no problems whatsoever in making edits in favor of the "opposite" point of view.

 * 2) I have looked at the Uranium section and at first sight it seems to me somewhat messy but not obviously biased, nor obviously wrong. At least, it would require to me considerable time in study to determine whether it is or not. Furthermore, as an user called Stone has pointed out to me, the paragraph on hazards of a general chemical element should not have a "life of his own": the content should be balanced with other aspects. This is somewhat different for Depleted uranium because it can be expected that someone looking at such an article, rather than for example Uranium, would be in general searching for information mainly about military use, and possible hazards. So, although I may support you on specific points to add or remove from Uranium if you ask me, you add some reference and I am convinced by the reference that you are right and the information, or mistake, is important, I rather would not make this a priority. Actually, at the moment I am fascinated by DU also because as it can be hinted from some papers and communications, there is the puzzling possibility that it possesses subtly different properties from U itself, for example a possible greater affinity for passing the blood-brain barrier, a fact that if confirmed would be a true mystery for the existing scientific framework. (of course I am not going to add any of this semi-speculation to the article at the moment, it's just one of my motivations)

 * 3) Sorry if I ask, but honestly, what do you care about CD-ROM version? The impact of online Wikipedia can be estimated in several hundred million people and, most importantly, millions and millions of students who heavily and daily rely on Wikipedia (be it a desirable fact or not)for their school projects. Loads of students researching information on Depleted uranium and coming out with "Hey, DU is good for you! Why not add it as a dietary supplement?" as it could be expected with the previous version of that article (well, almost) is of far more concern to me that some hundred thousand people shelving their Wikipedia CD-ROM in their bookshelf and browsing it in those rare occurrences when they lose internet access for some reason, even if such CD-ROM contains partial or even partially wrong information on Uranium hazards.

 * Thanks for writing and for your kind comments - and sorry if maybe my reply in some points sounded less than completely friendly - it probably was just the subconscius drive to make it completely clear that I AM NOT YOU! (sigh) :P :D Massimamanno 10:14, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you, too. I guess I care about the CD-ROM version because theoretically more people might see it if the internet goes down. James S. 07:01, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Depleted Uranium article
I don't contribute to any uranium-related articles, but my father mentioned Uranium hexafluoride and that led to the article on Depleted Uranium. I was a little disappointed in the section on controversies regarding DU's toxicity and radioactivity, so I read through the talk page and the Arbitration Committee's judgments, and I was amused by the obviously paranoid accusations of sockpuppetry, impressed by how you carry yourself as a Wikipedia editor, and very impressed with the article's current state compared to how it was shortly after James S. got the boot. dreddnott 22:37, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Thanks. I do not know if I deserve it, but surely the article was heavily biased and missing important information when i found it. Massimamanno 21:51, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Depleted uranium again
Are you still around? Depleted uranium is undergoing change again, and User:TDC is removing some of your edits. ←Ben B4 19:49, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of List of wars between democracies
I have nominated List of wars between democracies, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/List of wars between democracies. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. mark nutley (talk) 20:59, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Massimamanno


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration/Robert Blair

Requests made by User:Jakew
I would like to endorse Alterprise's request for an injunction against Robert Blair, at least for the duration of this hearing.

Additionally, I would like to request that the ArbCom grant permission to User:Robert the Bruce to submit evidence. Although the AC have banned RtB from editing Wikipedia in general, I would hope that the arbitrators will agree that he may be able to provide valuable evidence, and doing so would clearly be in the interest of Wikipedia in general. I am able to contact RtB to notify him if this request is accepted. - Jakew 19:18, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
List of Major League Baseball players from South Korea

This is an alphabetical list of baseball players from South Korea who have played in Major League Baseball since 1994. There have been 27 players in total from South Korea.

Gold Glove Award
Source: Baseball-Reference.com
 * Ha-seong Kim: 2023 NL Utility Player (San Diego Padres)

Player of the Month
Source: Baseball-Reference.com
 * Shin-soo Choo: September 2008 AL (Cleveland Indians)
 * Shin-soo Choo (2): September 2015 AL (Texas Rangers)

Pitcher of the Month
Source: Baseball-Reference.com
 * Chan-ho Park: July 1998 NL (Los Angeles Dodgers)
 * Hyun-jin Ryu: May 2019 NL (Los Angeles Dodgers)

Rookie of the Month
Source: Baseball-Reference.com
 * Hee-seop Choi: April 2003 NL (Chicago Cubs)
 * Jung-ho Kang: July 2015 NL (Pittsburgh Pirates)

Player of the Week
Source: Baseball-Reference.com
 * Chan-ho Park: September 18–24, 2000 NL (Los Angeles Dodgers)
 * Byung-hyun Kim: July 8–14, 2002 NL (Arizona Diamondbacks)
 * Shin-soo Choo: April 12–18, 2010 AL (Cleveland Indians)
 * Shin-soo Choo (2): September 13–19, 2010 AL (Cleveland Indians)
 * Jung-ho Kang: September 5–11, 2016 NL (Pittsburgh Pirates)
 * Hyun-jin Ryu: May 6–12, 2019 NL (Los Angeles Dodgers)


text:
Losso people

The Nawdba, sing. Nawda, to whom some refer as Lossos in Togo, are an ethnic and linguistic group of people living in the Doufelgou District (Préfecture) of the Kara Region in Northern Togo, West Africa. The district capital is Niamtougou which is also an important regional market town. The Nawdba live on a plateau in the Togo Mountains between two mountain ranges: the Kabiyé Mountains to the South and the Défalé Chain to the North. They occupy the communities of Niamtougou, Koka, Baga, Ténéga, Siou, Djogrergou, Sioudouga, Kpadeba, Hago, Koukou, and Kounfaga. The Doufelgou District is bordered by the Kozah District to the South, by the Binah District to the East, by the Bassar District to the West, by the Kéran District to the North, and by the international border with Bénin to the Northeast.

People
The Nawdba are primarily engaged in subsistence farming and small animal husbandry, especially chickens, guinea fowl, goats, pigs, and sheep. They grow millet and sorghum that they make into a thick porridge (la pâte) that is the staple of their diet and that they brew into a thick low-alcohol beer called daam. They also grow yams and cassava, groundnuts (peanuts), beans, and fonio. In the late 1800s, early European explorers such as the ethnographer, Leo Frobenius, baptized them the "palm tree people" because of the concentration of oil palm trees in their home area.

The Nawdba have migrated in search of fertile available land to the area along the North-South National Road No. 1 between Sokodé and Notsé, where they have founded numerous communities. In addition, they have migrated to Togo's capital city, Lomé, and to Accra, the capital of Ghana, in search of wage employment. They have also migrated to the Plateau Region of Togo and the Volta Region of Ghana precisely in the actual Oti Region where they work as sharecroppers in coffee and cocoa plantations. Nawdba men served in the colonial armies of Germany, Britain, and France as well as in the Ghanaian and Togolese armies in the years following the independences of the two countries.

Language
The Nawdba call themselves Nawda (singular) or Nawdba (plural), and their language is Nawdm. There are approximately 190,000 native speakers of Nawdm in Togo and 8,000 speakers in Ghana. Nawdm most closely resembles the Yom language of the Pila-Pila and Tanéka people who live near the city of Djougou in the Donga Province (comprising the Southern portion of the old Atakora Department) of Northern Bénin. Nawdm and Yom, like Mòoré, the language of the Mossi people of Burkina Faso, are classified under the Oti-Volta sub-group of languages in the Gur (or Voltaique) group of the Niger-Congo languages.

"Losso" is a name used to refer normally to both Lambas and Nawdba. To refer to someone who is not a Nawda,they use the word Lama. The origin of the name "Losso" or "Lossotu" is unclear and may have its origins in the name that their Kabyé neighbors called them. Confusion arose and has continued when the name "Losso" was attributed by Togo's French colonial administrations to all residents of what is now the Doufelgou District, regardless of their ethnic or linguistic affiliation. That is to say that an entire ethnic group is now being referred to by a name that has no meaning and makes no sense to them because of colonial practices of broad generalization and categorization. Residents of Yaka, Agbandé, Kadjalla, Alloum, Léon, Défalé, Massédéna, Pouda, and other villages in the Doufelgou District speak languages generally classified together as Lamba, but have also been called Losso by the colonial administration. While there has been considerable mutual influence between the Nawdba and their closest neighbors, the Kabyé and the Lambas, their languages do not resemble each other and are not mutually intelligible.

History
Like most of Togo's ethnic groups, the Nawdba claim to be the original inhabitants of their region. Also like other groups, their formal tradition states that the original Nawdba descended from Mossi tribe in the country known today as Burkina Faso. The original inhabitants were in each case a man replete with bow and arrows, hoe, and other tools of his gender and a woman also carrying the tools appropriate to her roles.

Informally, many older Nawdba stated that the Nawdba came "from the East, toward Djougou (in Bénin)." This statement is supported by the close relationship between Nawdm and the Yom language of the region near Djougou. The apparent similarity between the Yom-Nawdm languages and Mooré of Burkina Faso suggested that the Nawdba, Pila-Pila, Tanéka, and perhaps the Woaba peoples may have a common origin in what is today Burkina Faso. The Nawdba were thought to be the last elements of a migration from the East that infiltrated into the plateau between the mountain ridge home of the Lamba to the North and the mountain ridge home of the Kabyé to the South.

More recent scholarship has increased knowledge of the origins of the Nawdba. The founders of Niamtougou have been identified as a man named Kégidimgbada and his wife Iya. Researchers have concluded that the 35% lexical similarity that was identified between the Nawdm and Mòoré languages is sufficient to confirm a common ancestry between the Mossi and the Nawdba, Pila-Pila, and Tanéka peoples. It does not support the idea, however, that the latter are offshoots of the Mossi nor that their languages have their origins in Mòoré. Further study of the Nawdm language has determined that informants who stated that the Nawdba came from the sky may actually have been saying that they came from the North. Researchers have concluded that the Nawdba immigration into their present home area probably began in the 15th Century and came in waves from the North and East rather than in a single movement.

title: Losso people


text:
User talk:SmarterChild2

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Eleassar777 19:19, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
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title: User talk:SmarterChild2


text:
John Downs

John Downs may refer to:
 * John M. Downs (died 2019), American sketch artist
 * John G. Downs (1873–1956), American farmer and politician from New York
 * Johnny Downs (1913–1994), American child actor
 * Dickie Downs (John Thomas Downs, 1886–1949), footballer

title: John Downs