text:
User talk:Plowboylifestyle

Hi! Thanks for your great input to the coordinates. Sorry that I don't do IRC. If there are anything you want to discuss in person, please use email. -- Egil 19:52, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Image:BayerPatternSimpleMosaic.jpg
I remade Image:BayerPatternSimpleMosaic.jpg as Image:BayerPatternSimpleMosaic.png as per WP:IUP. I've nominated the original for deletion as obsolete.

Do you have the original Illustrator file for Image:BayerPatternFiltration.jpg? I could redo it like the other one, but that would take way more work than it's worth. It would be much easier if you could just re-export in PNG. —Ilmari Karonen 23:48:20, 2005-08-30 (UTC)

I've similarly remade Image:BayerPatternFiltration.jpg as Image:BayerPatternFiltration.png and nominated the original for deletion as obsolete. Thoughm if you have the original Illustrator file, that would be still better. --Interiot 06:41, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Colour is no more correct and less used. (Syndicated)
In all the literature I have about photography and computer graphics, writers use the word Color not Colour. Color is equally grammatically correct and more commenly used. So why change color to colour. (Unsigned: User:Plowboylifestyle)

 * First up, there's a huge arse boilerplate on the top of my talk page, you can't miss it, it sets out some basic politesse that I ask of people, one of them is namely that you sign your posts. In future, please sign your posts using ~, otherwise people will take you as being rude, or new to the project, which you seem not to be either of.

 * I beg to differ. Numerically English is vastly more used than American.  Perhaps a bit of travel or research is in order before making broad sweeping statements such as that.  The reason I forked those articles is because US-English sites are not maintainable as educational resources under the Australian Education system from K-12, therefore narrow minded authors who seem to have a grudge against English have made numerous schools skip over the Wiki project as a source of knowledge.  It's not hard to maintain correct spelling and colloqialised spelling for the benefit of both groups.  Jachin 04:23, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps, but the question is why change the text from one language to another. Your preference for English is no more justifiable than my preference for American. So if the text was originally in American why change it. If the Australian education system is overlooking Wikipedia, they have more problems than the tiny differences between the languages. Maybe I'm just tired of looking at my watchlist and seeing tons of meaningless changes, instead of research and content. Plowboylifestyle 05:47, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

 * There is nothing questionable about the AU EDU prefering to utilise sites that teach children how to use the worlds most common language in it's correct and proper form. I grew up using the US deviation of English due to Microsoft's OS being default shipped here with US-English and most people being too lazy to change over to English-proper.

 * You see, if you write proper English in America, people will just think it 'neat' or 'different'. If you write American English in English speaking countries, people will think you uneducated, illiterate and poorly skilled in the written word.  I can fully appreciate the need for an exemplar usage of the language being stipulated for academic resources, I also really think that narrow minded editors who think it's a he-said-she-said scenario and not one based purely on academia are a major thorn in the side of progress on the matter.

 * Perhaps your watchlist will be full of better changes if you used your time making those changes instead of simply being the faux American-spelling police? :)  Jachin 07:24, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Slow motion
Your graphics are nice, but may be a little confusing to the non-initiated. Could you change them so that instead of showing one whole second at 10 fps, you'd show only 1/4 or 1/3 of a second at 24 fps? This would remove the ambiguity between graphic and text. Thanks, --Janke | Talk 10:48, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Space elevator edits
I do not constantly monitor Wikipedia and only occasionally make edits, so I only noticed the changes that were made today. I honestly don't see that they are entirely improvements, and do believe that the alternate concepts should at least be mentioned early in the article. ~ Achilles † 23:18, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

That is your opinion
I am aware that DP has a low acceptance rate and unusual application burdens, but you are comparing DP to Harvard, Juilliard, the military academies, etc. I am unconvinced that multiple 1500 word essays make DP the most selective in the country, above those preeminent schools. Lotsofissues 06:30, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Space Elevator Graphics
You asked on m my 'talk' page 'How do I know which Liftport graphics are available for wikipedia.'

The answer is - all of them are available for wikipedia. More generally we have a liberal re-use license for educational and private use. We only ask for attribution to Liftport Group with a web link to our main page where appropriate, if alterations are made to the original work to note this. Bdunbar 12:44, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:JohnHortonConway.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:JohnHortonConway.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me.

Cannot find statement that the image is in the public domain. Thank you. Nv8200p talk 23:07, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Shutter angle
Hi there. I recently moved shutter angle to rotary disc shutter, as this was linked from the shutter (photography) article, and I thought it looked like the right article. However, I wanted to check with people who know about movie projectors, adn I see that you've worked on this article. Was this the right thing to do? Carcharoth 12:02, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Image:Match_moving_-_projection_de_points_3D.jpg & Image:Tracking.jpg
Hello,

I need to use and  but I can't since the tags are obsolete. As you are the uploader of these images could you precise the license ?

Thank you in advance.

A.K. 13:24, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much. A.K. 13:30, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Image:CalvaryCemeteryQueensNY.jpg
I just wanted to say....Wow! nice photo! - Nunh-huh 00:05, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Sure, why not. I've done the deed. They're brutal on that page, though! -  Nunh-huh 00:08, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I replied to the questions you left on my talk page there, on my talk page. -- moondigger 04:45, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Featured status is given after seven days with four or more supporting votes (including the nominator if it was not a self-nomination), if the consensus is in its favor. So if the consensus holds until 6 July, it's in. - Nunh-huh 04:00, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I replied to the new questions on my talk page again, to keep the entire conversation in one place. -- moondigger 14:30, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
 * This is my favourite photo of all time. I'm serious.  I've never seen one I liked more.  It's, quite simply put, the best photo I have ever seen in my life.  I love you.  Jellocube27 01:27, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * QUESTION: is it possible to license this photo for print media in the United Kingdom? How would we go about contacting the creator? (Apologies if this is the wrong place to ask this) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Grovereaper (talk • contribs) 15:55, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Filmmaking
Hey, I decided to finally get together and try to start a WikiProject for Filmmaking. Currently the temporary page is User:Girolamo Savonarola/wikiproject until I have a few more editors - enough to justify making it into a proper Project. Anyhow, just wanted to invite you to participate, and of course offer any comments you may have on the project. Thanks! (PS - don't forget to sign here as well.) Girolamo Savonarola 10:54, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Featured Picture
An edit of a photo you took, Image:CalvaryCemeteryQueens edit.jpg, was just made a Featured Picture! Congratulations, and thanks for taking the photo for us. Since your original was not promoted, it is now not used in any articles. Would you mind if I deleted it as a redundant image? Raven4x4x 09:03, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

(I got this on my talk page, but you're the deserving party :) - Nunh-huh 19:08, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I can't really tell you when the picture will appear on the Main Page. It might be a while though. User:Solipsist might be able to give you a better idea. He's the one that manages Picture of the Day, so he'd be the one to ask. Raven4x4x 00:22, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Just a question.
I hate to bug you, but I was wondering if you could tell me if and when a photo I took that was made a featured picture, might appear on the picture of the day. I just want to show my family. The image is Image:CalvaryCemeteryQueens edit.jpg. --Plowboylifestyle 18:58, 11 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry Plowboy, I'm not updating the POTD lists just at the moment. My laptop died recently, which is making it difficult to spend much time on Wikipedia.
 * The pictures are generally selected in the order that they were promoted, so you should be able to work out when your picture should to be due. Check Picture of the day/July 2006 and the following August archive to see where we are currently up to. Nice picture by the way. -- Solipsist 14:34, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Image:SmallMall.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:SmallMall.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. BigDT 12:21, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Graphics Lab
I saw your name listed on Wikiproject Illustration or  the list of graphic artists, and I thought I'd let you know that a Graphics Lab has been created on EN. Based on the highly successful French and German graphics labs, it seeks to better organise and coordinate our graphic design and photo-editing efforts. Up until now, there has been no common space on EN where users could ask for maps, charts and other SVG files to be created. What's more, the Graphics Lab has discussion boards, tips, tools and links; in sum, a good common workspace. Come help us out! The infrastucture is already in place, and now we need participants. :) -- Zantastik  talk  02:07, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:SpriteExampleRevealed.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:SpriteExampleRevealed.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 05:39, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:SpriteExamplefromZeldaWindwalker.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:SpriteExamplefromZeldaWindwalker.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 05:39, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Match moving
Hi

I noticed that you have deleted the robotic arm entry from the article. Industrial Light and Magic used that exact process for capturing scenes of the spacecraft in the Star Trek series The Next Generation and Voyager. The spacecraft models are fixed and the camera is moved with an arm.

Is this not what that sentence was talking about (and no, I am not a "Trekkie"! lol) or were robotic arms not used?

Thanks Chaosdruid (talk) 16:41, 10 January 2012 (UTC) PS this is only for personal info, I am happy that automation covers all methods, as I thought systems used rails rather than arms Chaosdruid (talk) 17:04, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

Proposal to shut down WP Geographic Coordinates & ban coordinates on wikipedia articles
This means you. --Tagishsimon (talk) 11:47, 17 January 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

File:TimelapseFrameInterval.png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:TimelapseFrameInterval.png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. ATTENTION : This is an automated, bot-generated message. This bot DID NOT nominate any file(s) for deletion; please refer to the page history of each individual file for details. Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 23:50, 25 September 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Plowboylifestyle


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fighting Ducks

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE.

The votes were 2 delete, 1 neutral. dbenbenn | talk 23:59, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Fighting Ducks
A college hockey team. Nothing to merge that's not already in the parent article. —Korath (Talk) 23:32, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * (The article has since been moved to Oregon Ducks Hockey Team. —Korath (Talk) 01:04, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC))

 * Neutral. Harmless, might have potential, but losing this tiny stub would be no big deal. -- Jmabel | Talk 08:43, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, article does not establish notability. Megan1967 07:15, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Pro Wrestling Noah

Pro Wrestling Noah (プロレスリング・ノア) (stylised as Pro Wrestling NOAH) is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion, founded in 2000 by former All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) wrestler Mitsuharu Misawa after he had led a mass exodus in which 24 of AJPW's 26 contracted wrestlers left the promotion to form Noah.

Noah held its first shows in August 2000, and established the Global Honored Crown as the in-house governing body for its collection of championships. Throughout its 24-year history, Noah has had working relationships with New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), Ring of Honor (ROH), TNA (Formerly Impact Wrestling), Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), All Elite Wrestling (AEW), and Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW). In January 2020, the company was purchased by CyberAgent, parent company of DDT Pro-Wrestling, with DDT's executives taking over Noah's operations and Noah's content appearing on DDT's streaming service Wrestle Universe.

Noah under Misawa (2000–2009)
In January 1999, AJPW founder and promoter Giant Baba died, leaving the company in the hands of his widow Motoko Baba as owner and Misawa as president. However, disheartened with Motoko Baba's proposed direction for the company, Misawa departed the promotion on May 28, 2000 to form a new promotion called Pro Wrestling Noah. All but two native stars (Masanobu Fuchi and Toshiaki Kawada) and eight gaijin (Maunakea Mossman, Johnny Smith, George Hines, Mike Barton, Jim Steele, Mike Rotunda, Stan Hansen and "Dr. Death" Steve Williams) followed Misawa. The promotion's name alludes to the Biblical story of Noah, in which the people and animals in the ark survive the flood and make a new beginning in the world, a story which was seen as a parallel to the wrestlers' departure from AJPW. Noah's original logo, an ark with a dove holding an olive branch, referred to this.

Pro Wrestling Noah is essentially a continuation of AJPW's promotional system in the 1990s, with a slight leeway to allow wrestlers from other promotions to compete, which is something that Giant Baba had forbid. Noah also features a strong junior heavyweight division, which was something that AJPW had been relatively lacking in the 1990s due to lack of pushes for the younger stars (such as Yoshinobu Kanemaru, Kenta and Naomichi Marufuji, who quickly became Noah's junior aces).

October 12, 2007 Baseball Magazine Sha, the publisher of Puroresu Shukan released Noah trading cards.

The Wrestling Observer named Noah as the best promotion in 2004 and 2005, as well as having the best weekly television show in 2003.

On June 13, 2009, Misawa teamed with Go Shiozaki against Akitoshi Saito and Bison Smith at Hiroshima Green Arena. After taking a belly to back suplex from Saito, Misawa lost consciousness and was taken to a hospital. He was pronounced dead in the hospital at 10:10 p.m. JST due to spinal damage. On June 27, 2009, Akira Taue was named as Misawa's successor, taking over as President of Pro Wrestling Noah. Also in 2009, Noah lost their weekly television show on Nippon TV.

Noah after Misawa (2009–present)
In March 2012, it was revealed that Noah management had ties to a yakuza crime syndicate, which resulted in the promotion demoting General Manager Ryu Nakata and Counselor Haruka Eigen and enforcing new anti-yakuza protocols; Noah also lost its TV show as part of the fallout.

On December 3, 2012, Noah released Kenta Kobashi from his contract, reportedly leading to Atsushi Aoki, Go Shiozaki, Jun Akiyama, Kotaro Suzuki and Yoshinobu Kanemaru all announcing that they were not going to re-sign with the promotion after their own contracts expired in January 2013. On December 19, Noah confirmed that the five men had indeed refused to re-sign with the promotion and would be wrestling their final matches for the promotion on December 23 and 24. The following month, all five men joined AJPW. Kobashi returned to wrestle his retirement match in a Noah ring on May 11, 2013, at Final Burning in Budokan.

On May 12 at Noah's "New Chapter" show held at Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Akira Taue announced the signings of Daisuke Harada, Mikey Nicholls and Shane Haste of The Mighty Don't Kneel (TMDK) as full-time members of the promotion. Taue also announced his retirement from in-ring competition to focus on his duties as the Chairman of the promotion and his retirement match would take place on December 7, 2013 at the Ariake Coliseum. On April 30, 2014, Noah's arguably biggest star and ace Kenta announced his resignation from the promotion to sign with WWE.

In early 2015, NJPW wrestler Jado took over as the new head booker of Noah. On April 21, one of Noah's bigger stars, Takeshi Morishima, was forced to retire from professional wrestling due to issues with his blood. On December 24, 2015, Noah announced the signing of freelancer Katsuhiko Nakajima. Four days later, Noah announced the departures of Mikey Nicholls, Shane Haste and Takeshi Morishima, following their contracts with the promotion expiring at the end of the year. On June 13, 2016, freelancer Go Shiozaki officially re-signed with Noah, three and a half years after his resignation from the promotion.

On November 1, 2016, it was announced that Noah had been sold to IT development company Estbee, Co, Ltd. As a result, former AJPW president Masayuki Uchida took over as the new Noah president. On November 7, Estbee officially changed its name to "Noah Global Entertainment kabushiki gaisha". On December 27, Noah announced the relocating of its offices from Ariake, Tokyo to Kanda-Misakichō due to Differ Ariake's scheduled closing in June 2018. At the end of 2016, NJPW pulled all of its wrestlers, including the entire Suzuki-gun stable, from Noah with reports stating that the relationship between the two promotions had turned "extremely sour". Having lost the NJPW relationship, Noah's attendance numbers went down by 29% during the first four months of 2017. On February 7, 2017, Noah announced a business alliance with American promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), which was extended in July, after TNA had been renamed Global Force Wrestling (GFW). In March 2017, Noah formed another partnership with Canadian promotion Border City Wrestling (BCW).

On February 1, 2019, Noah was purchased by Lidet Entertainment, acquiring a 75% stake in the company. This was followed the next month by the first major rebranding in company history. Pro Wrestling Noah not only changed their logo but also replaced the green mat with a white canvas.

On July 26, 2019, Major League Wrestling announced a working agreement with Pro Wrestling Noah, which would include a talent-exchange agreement and content collaboration between the two promotions.

On December 5, 2019, it was announced that Noah and the Mexico-based International Wrestling Revolution Group had entered into a talent-sharing partnership.

In January 2020, Noah was acquired by CyberAgent, parent company of DDT Pro Wrestling. DDT's President Sanshiro Takagi was named the President of Pro Wrestling Noah and Naomichi Marufuji the Vice President. Noah's events began airing on DDT's streaming service DDT Universe starting with Noah Global Jr. League 2020 on January 30. On July 27, 2020, it was announced Noah and DDT would merge in a new company, CyberFight. Both companies would run as separate brands under the CyberFight banner.

On November 19, 2021 Noah re-established its relationship with NJPW with Noah wrestlers being involved at the third night of NJPW's Wrestle Kingdom 16 event, with a portion of proceeds donated to the Japanese Red Cross.

On December 15, 2023, Noah was announced as one of the founding members of the United Japan Pro-Wrestling alliance, a joint effort to further develop professional wrestling in Japan through promotion and organization, with Seiji Sakaguchi being named as the chairman of the project.

Championships
Similar to New Japan Pro-Wrestling's International Wrestling Grand Prix (IWGP), Noah has its own title governing body, the Global Honored Crown (GHC) system.

Tournaments
Noah also holds annual tournaments to decide the top wrestler or tag team in the promotion:

Pro Wrestling Sem
Pro Wrestling Sem was the junior affiliate of Pro Wrestling Noah launched in 2006. Its name came from the biblical figure Sem, the eldest son of Noah. Sem was originally headed by Naomichi Marufuji and Kenta, acting as coaches for the rookie competitors. Mitsuharu Misawa's inspiration for the venture came from the German Westside Xtreme Wrestling promotion, where he wrestled in March 2005. The seats are limited to a few hundred, so that all fans could sit close to the ring. Sem events usually took place in the Differ Ariake in Tokyo. No Sem events have been held since 2015.

Broadcasters
Domestic: Worldwide:
 * Nippon TV (2001–2020, broadcast weekly highlights shows and live specials on NTV G+ since 2009 until 2020)
 * Fighting TV Samurai (2000–present, currently broadcasting live specials, retrospective shows)
 * AbemaTV (2020–present, online linear television service, live-streaming episodes of Noah TV matches)
 * Wrestle Universe (2020–present, streaming service, broadcasting most Noah shows live, as well as on-demand classic, as well as content from other promotions beginning with Noah sister promotions Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling and DDT Pro-Wrestling)
 * FITE TV (2020–present)

title: Pro Wrestling Noah


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Add Sheet

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 08:41, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Add Sheet
Non-noteable Advertising web site http://addsheet.com ;
 * 1) It's currently an orphan
 * 2) Alexa rank for addsheet.com: 1,661,375
 * 3) Googling for "addsheet" yields a pitifull: 2,660 and only 3 of those point to addsheet.com, the rest were databse and programmin methods.
 * Delete -- Dbroadwell 23:33, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete CDC   (talk)  00:01, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, website advertisement. Megan1967 00:58, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - another "Oh Honestly!" case of rubbish - do they have nothing better to do? Vacuous nonsense!Brookie 19:56, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Category:High schools in Colorado

Please help fill in blanks at WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/High schools/US/Colorado

title: Category:High schools in Colorado


text:
User talk:Tedpennings

See nothingness.

WikiProject Apple Inc.
Hello ,

You've been identified either as a previous member of the project, an active editor on Apple related pages, a bearer of Apple related userboxes, or just a hoopy frood.

WikiProject Apple Inc. has unexpectedly quit, because an error type "unknown" occured. Editors must restart it! If you are interested, read the project page and sign up as a member. There's something for everyone to do, such as welcoming, sourcing, writing, copy editing, gnoming, proofreading, or feedback — but no pressure. Do what you do, but let's coordinate and stay in touch.

See the full welcome message on the talk page, or join the new IRC channel on irc.freenode.net named. Please join, speak, and idle, and someone will read and reply.

Please spread the word, and join or unsubscribe at the subscription page.
 * RhinosF1(chat) (status)(contribs) and Smuckola on behalf of WikiProject Apple Inc. - Delivered 15:00, 18 March 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tedpennings


text:
Intellectual property in China

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have been acknowledged and protected in China since 1980. China has acceded to the major international conventions on protection of rights to intellectual property. Domestically, protection of intellectual property law has also been established by government legislation, administrative regulations, and decrees in the areas of trademark, copyright, and patent.

China first began accepting foreign IP concepts when foreign countries forced the Qing dynasty to accept them as part of the bilateral treaties that followed the Boxer Protocol. The early People's Republic of China abolished the statutes enacted by China's Nationalist government and adopted an approach to copyright, trademark, and patent issues more consistent with the model of the Soviet Union. Chinese policymakers became interested in integrating into the global IP framework as the government sought to import more technology in the 1970s. In the 1980s, China began to join international treaties on IP issues. After joining the World Trade Organization in 2001, it assumed IP obligations under the TRIPS Agreement and revised its domestic laws to conform to the TRIPS standards. Although China's IP framework has developed quickly, as of 2023 it remains less developed than most industrialized countries. The trend as of 2023 is that China's IP governance is continuing to grow closer to the EU and U.S. systems.

Internationally, China's view is that the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) should be the primary international forum for IP rule-making. Generally, China's approach internationally is to advocate for maintaining the TRIPS standards, sometimes joining with other developing countries to oppose an increase in obligations beyond TRIPS.

International framework
Historically, China began accepting foreign IP concepts at the start of the 20th Century, abolished them when the PRC was established, and began acknowledging IP rights during Reform and Opening up. In 1902, the Qing dynasty agreed to the Boxer Protocol and agreed to establish domestic laws on IP in bilateral treaties that followed.

After the 1972 visit of United States President Richard Nixon to the People's Republic of China, China increasingly sought to import technology. The desire to important technology prompted China to begin integrating itself into the global IP framework.

In 1980, China became a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). As of at least 2023, China's view is that WIPO should be the primary international forum for IP rule-making. China acceded to the WIPO-administered the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property on 19 December 1984 and became an official member on 19 March 1985. China also acceded to the WIPO-administered Madrid Agreement for the International Registration of Trademarks in June 1989. China is also a signatory to the WIPO-administered Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances, which enhances performers' intellectual property rights. It is the only IP treaty named after a Chinese city.

China acceded to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in 1992 and assumed its obligations under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) when it joined the World Trade Organization in 2001. China's adoption of TRIPS incentivized Chinese policymakers to improve the country's regulatory structure to encourage national innovation and resulted in significant domestic policy reforms. The TRIPS agreement is also the basis of China's domestic IP law, as China conformed its IP law, including regarding patents, trademark, and copyright, to the TRIPS standards.

Following the TRIPS Agreement, a recurring issue for the WTO has been discussion over the creation of a geographical indications register (protecting GI wine and spirits) or a geographical indication extension which would go beyond wines and spirits. China's regional specialties are generally more geared towards agricultural products rather than wines and spirits, and tends to favor a geographical indication extension.

IP was an important consideration during the course of China's negotiations to re-enter the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

In 2012, China hosted the China-ASEAN Seminar on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Traditional Knowledge, and Genetic Resources.

As of at least 2023, China's general approach in addressing IP issues in international forums is to maintain TRIPS Agreement standards and sometimes joining the proposals of other developing countries to oppose further increases in IP standards. China has also been trending towards increased alignment with the positions taken by developed countries. The global regulation of IP involves multiple non-hierarchical international institutions, and China sometimes adopts different or inconsistent proposals in different forums. Since the creation of the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) in 2003, MOFCOM has generally been China's lead negotiator on IP issues in international forums.

As part of the Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), China promotes international negotiations on the disclosure of the origin of genetic resources in the context of patents. China is involved in discussions on the protection of genetic resources in a variety of international forums, including the TRIPS Council, the WIPO Intergovernmental Committee, and in its free-trade agreements. As of at least 2023, multilateral negotiations on the disclosure obligation feature strong disagreements between LMMC, EU, and the United States regarding whether a disclosure obligation is necessary and if so, how one should be implemented.

National legal framework
China's legal framework for intellectual property protection is developing rapidly as China becomes a source of innovation, although its IP framework is still less developed than most industrialized nations as of 2023. The general trend of its IP system has been to develop towards increasing similarity with the E.U. and U.S. systems.

China established its first Trademark Law in 1982, its Patent Law in 1984, and its Copyright Law in 1990. It comprehensively amended these laws after it joined the World Trade Organization in 2001.

Trademark law
In 1950, China issued Procedures for Dealing with Trademarks Registered at the Trademark Office of the Former Kuomintang Government which eliminated all trademarks registered under the Nationalist government. Provisional Regulations on Trademark Registration, issued in the same year, allowed registration of foreign trademarks. Few holders used the procedures.

In conformity with the TRIPS Agreement, China amended the Trademark Law in 2000.

China uses a first-to-file trademark registration system. Trademark registrants do not need to demonstrate their prior use of a trademark.

History
The concept of copyright in China has been found to exist at least as far back as the Song dynasty (960–1279). The publishers of a work at that time wrote on the final page of a text that it could not be copied. The first modern official code was implemented in 1910 at the end of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). A new version was issued in 1915 during the Warlord Era of the Republic of China. On May 23, 1928, the Nationalist Government enacted a copyright law that covered books, music, paintings, photographs, engravings, and models. The copyright for most items existed for 30 years after the death of the author. Translations of literary works had a 20-year copyright and photographs had a 10-year copyright after publication. Corporate copyright existed for 30 years after publication.

The People's Republic of China abolished the Republic of China statutes in 1949. The PRC found the Soviet intellectual model more consistent with traditional Chinese thinking than the Republic of China model, as the Soviet model accorded with the idea that through invention or creation, people engaged in social activities drawing on a body of knowledge that belonged to all people. In contrast to patents and trademarks, the early PRC did not issue comparable copyright regulations. Instead, official policy in this area was set by resolutions passed in the early 1950s. These included editorial rules by which state publishing entities were encouraged to memorialize the author-publisher relationship in contracts which would cover submitting manuscripts, publication, and payment.

A copyright statute was not adopted until 1990. WIPO provided technical assistance to China during the drafting of the 1990 Copyright Law.

Current law
The Copyright Law was amended in 2000 to ensure compliance with China's obligations under the TRIPS Agreement.

Copyright law is mainly governed by the  (中华人民共和国著作权法) and the Implementing Rules for the Copyright Law of the PRC (著作权法实施条例), the Copyright Law of the PRC adopted and promulgated in 1990 and the "Implementing Rules" adopted in 1991 and revised in 2002. In most cases the copyright term is the life of the author plus 50 years, but for cinematographic and photographic works and works created by a company or organization the term is 50 years after first publication.

To implement the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention, as well as bilateral copyright treaties signed between the PRC and other foreign countries, the PRC government passed the Regulations on Implementation of International Copyright Treaties (1992). These have given foreign copyright holders protection for their rights and interests in the PRC.

Before the PRC acceded to the Berne Convention, computer software was not treated as a kind of literary work under the Copyright Law. In May 1991, the State Council passed the Computer Software Protection Rules. Based upon these rules, the Measures for Computer Software Copyright Registration were formulated by the then Ministry of Engineering Electronics Industries.

In 2015, the National Copyright Administration required all domestic online music platforms to remove unlicensed music or face severe sanctions.

Patent law
In 1950, the PRC issued Provisional Regulations on the Protection of Invention Rights and Patent Rights. The PRC's early regulations provided for inventors' patent rights, but these were abolished fairly quickly under the view that patent rights were incompatible with socialism. China then followed the model of the Soviet Union's investor certificates, honorary titles that were granted to investors without remuneration. Just prior to the Cultural Revolution, China completely abolished its patent regulations.

In 1984, China passed the Patent Law of the PRC to encourage invention-creation and to promote the development of science and technology. The subsequent Implementing Regulations of the Patent Law of the PRC added clarification.

In addition to invention patents and design patents, utility patents are available under Chinese law. In cases of joint patentees, the default rule in China is that each patentee can grant nonexclusive license without the other joint patentees' consent. Joint patentees can avoid application of this default rule by agreement, however.

As compared to the United States, China has more non-patentable matters. Pharmaceuticals and chemicals were not patentable under the 1984 Patent Law, but became patentable after the law was amended in 1992. A bilateral memorandum of understanding with the United States made this amendment to domestic law necessary. China accepted this requirement because it would have ultimately been necessary in order for China to re-enter GATT.

The Patent Law was again amended in 2000 to ensure compliance with China's obligations under the TRIPS Agreement. In 2008, amendments to the Patent Law added provisions on the protection of genetic resources. These amendments established a disclosure obligation for genetic resources, a domestic provision which developed from the positions China took in negotiating on this issue in the TRIPS Council. 2010 Implementation Rules of the Patent Law define genetic resources as any material taken from a human, animal, plant, or microorganism containing genetically functioning units with actual or potential value.

Other legislation and regulations
Apart from major legislation on trademarks, copyright and patents, a few other laws and regulations have been passed to deal with intellectual property related issues. In 1986, the General Principles of Civil Law was adopted to protect the lawful civil rights and interests of citizens and legal persons, and to correctly regulate civil relations. Articles 94–97 of the General Principles of Civil Law deal with intellectual property rights of Chinese citizens and legal persons.

In the 1990s, many more pieces of legislation were passed to perfect the intellectual property protection system. These include the Regulations on Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (1995) and the Law Against Unfair Competition of the PRC (1993). The latter prohibited the passing off of registered trademarks, infringing trade secrets, the illegal use of well-known goods or names of other people, as well as other misleading and deceptive conduct. The Advertising Law of the PRC was passed in 1994 and extensively revised in 2015, to now include a joint liability with the advertising spokesperson, special regulations on public interest advertising, and most importantly a definition of misleading advertisement.

The Anti-Monopoly Law provides for investigating unreasonable IP licensing fees and authority for further supplementary regulations on IP issues.

The Law of Seeds (2000) established the principle of state sovereignty over the regulation of germplasm resources for plant seeds. Eight years later, amendments to the Patent Law more broadly addressed protection for genetic resources.

Although rarely enforced, the Administration of Technology Import/Export Regulations (TIER) previously prohibited foreign enterprises licensing their technology to China from restricting where that technology could be used and required them to waive any rights related to subsequent improvements to the technology. The provisions of TIER had been the subject of a number of WTO disputes. In March 2019, China agreed to revoke some of the TIER provisions. A Foreign Investment Law introduced in late 2019 banned forced technology transfers.

With regard to artificial intelligence, the Cyberspace Administration of China issued draft measures which, among other provisions, obligate tech companies to implement safeguards to ensure their artificial intelligence platforms respect intellectual property rights.

Geographical indications
The use of place names as part of product names to emphasize regional specialties existed in China for over 3,000 years. China first encountered European-style geographical indications as intellectual property following Reform and Opening Up in the 1980s. Under China's 1984 Trademark Law, geographical names were excluded from trademark registration and in 1986, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce prohibited the use of geographical names of administrative divisions at or above the county levels as trademarks. However, regulators in China began protecting foreign geographical indications on a case-by-case basis.

In the 2001 amendments to China's Trademark Law, China adopted the provision on geographical indications from the TRIPS Agreement. Under this standard, if a trademark contains a place name but the product does not originate in that area, the geographical name should not be used or registered given the risk of misleading the public. A grandfather clause provides an exception where an otherwise prohibited trademark already registered in good faith remains valid.

The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) established a sui generis system to cover the use of geographical indication products through the 2005 Provisions on the Protection of GI Products. These regulations establish protection and requirements for products using place names if (1) the product is grown or bred from a certain place name location and all of the raw materials come from that place, (2) products produced elsewhere but for which all of the raw materials come from the place name location, and (3) products where some of the raw materials come from elsewhere but are produced in the place name location using specialized techniques. This approach is intended to accommodate the use of geographical indications in handicrafts like embroidery or ceramics. The regulation sets strict standards for products produced under the geographical indication, and non-compliance results in a producer losing the ability to use the place name.

In 2007, the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) issued a regulation on the protection of agricultural geographical indication products. These are defined as including plants, animals, and microorganisms.

China and the European Union signed a GI agreement in September 2020. The agreement developed from pilot programs over the preceding eight years in which China and the EU worked on mutual registering and protection of geographical indications. The 2020 agreement extends mutual recognition of geographical indications to 275 from each side.

The 2020 U.S.-China Economic and Trade Agreement required China to amend its domestic regulations regarding geographic indications, including to provide that geographical indications may become generic over time.

As of 2023, nine of China's bilateral free trade agreements include provisions dealing with geographical indications. China has generally taken a flexible approach with regard to these provisions and proceeds on the basis of reciprocity.

Implementation
More than 30 government ministries are involved in domestic IP governance. To enforce IPR protection, an administrative system has been established within the government. After the reshuffle of the State Council in March 1998, the Patent Office became part of the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO). In 2011, SIPO became the world's largest patent office. SIPO developed its own Traditional Chinese Medicine Patent database compiling patents granted for traditional Chinese medicines. In September 2018, SIPO was renamed the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA).

The Trademarks Office is still under the authority of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce.

The Copyright Office falls within the State Administration for Press and Publication. A similar system exists at various levels of local government. Commonly, enforcement of IPRs will be carried out by local IPRs personnel, assisted by police from the local Public Security Bureau.

China's IP regulators and policy-makers generally maintain close contact with their peers from developed countries and in international institutions.

In addition to government bodies, non-state actors are also involved in China's engagement on IP issues.

Policy approach
China released its National IP Strategy in 2008. Since 2012, China frames intellectual property as an important part of its strategy of driving development through innovation. In 2013, China issued its Action Plan on Further Implementing the National IP Strategy (2014–2020). It sets numerical targets for patent applications, trademark registrations, and copyright registrations. In 2015, China described its IP as an important mechanism for stimulating innovation, increasing China's technological competitiveness, and facilitating development. Influenced by these policies, China in 2019 became the largest user of the WIPO's Patent Cooperation Treaty.

Since the 2010s, continuing through at least 2023, China has been active in negotiating IP rules in regional trade agreements like RCEP, bilateral agreements, and the Belt and Road Initiative. In conjunction with the BRI, China does not attempt to impose IP standards on participating countries. It works with WIPO to implement training and events design to increase the IP governing capacity of BRI countries. In 2016, WIPO initiated the High-Level Conference on Intellectual Property for BRI Countries, where WIPO Director General Francis Gurry encouraged participating countries to use WIPO tools like its global IP services and databases and to join WIPO-administered IP treaties.

Courts and tribunals
In the 1980s, Chinese courts and regulators began to enforce intellectual property protections on the basis international treaties China had signed before corresponding domestic IP laws were yet in place.

The number of IP cases prosecuted criminally in Chinese courts has been on a significant upward trend from 2005 to 2015, suggesting tougher enforcement of IP laws.

In patent litigation, infringement and invalidation claims generally proceed separately rather than being addressed at the same trial. Foreign firms have been increasingly successful in litigating patent infringement suits in China, winning approximately 70% of the time in the period 2006 to 2011, and rising to approximately 80% in the late 2010s.

Since 2008, filings for patent and trademark protection by both Chinese and national firms have skyrocketed, leading to increased government focus on IP protection, including establishing specialized intellectual property courts to more effectively resolve disputes.

In October 2014, the Supreme People's Court provided additional regulatory guidance on specialized intellectual property court jurisdiction. The specialized IP courts sit at the intermediate court level and have first instance jurisdiction over all technically complex civil and administrative IP cases (including patents, new plant varieties, integrated circuit layout designs, trade secrets, and computer software). They also have first instance jurisdiction over well-known trademarks and deal with all other IP cases upon appeal from the basic people's courts in their province.86 In terms of administrative law, the Beijing Intellectual Property Court also has special, first-instance jurisdiction over administrative appeals brought against decisions issued by administrative IP adjudication bodies. Since 2017, the system has expanded to include 20 specialized IP tribunals across the country. Although these tribunals are administratively a part of the intermediate people's court in their city, they have cross-regional and exclusive subject matter jurisdiction over IP cases—similar to the IP courts established in 2014.

In 2019, the city of Hangzhou established a pilot program artificial intelligence-based Internet Court to adjudicate internet-related intellectual property claims as well as ecommerce disputes. Parties appear before the court via videoconference and AI evaluates the evidence presented and applies relevant legal standards.

Difficulties
Sometimes local protectionism may dilute the strength of central legislation or the power of law enforcement. For example, local governments might not want to genuinely support the work of copyright protection supervisors. It may create obstacles during IPRs investigation and assist local counterfeiters by letting them hide their production lines in safer places. When counterfeiters have good connections with local governmental or law enforcement officials, they may find an umbrella for their counterfeiting activity.

Chinese government-sponsored search-engine Baidu provides links to third-party websites that offer online counterfeit products as well as access to counterfeit hardware and merchandise. The Chinese government dominates 70% of its country's search engine revenue and has been called on by US officials to limit the activity of online counterfeiting groups.

Cases
The first major dispute on violation of intellectual property rights was filed in April 1992 by Wang Yongmin, the inventor of Wubi, against Dongnan Corporation.

In March 1992 Chinese authorities found that Shenzhen reflective materials institute had copied 650,000 Microsoft Corporation holograms. The institute was found to be guilty of trademark infringement against Microsoft and was fined US$252. Losses to Microsoft as a result of the infringement are estimated at US$30 million.

In the 1994 Disney v. Beijing Publishing House case dealt with how a Chinese court would apply international agreements in copyright disputes. The dispute resulted when Disney licensed its copyright to a licensee, who in turn violated the license agreement by improperly licensing copyright material to Beijing Publishing House. Disney sued for copyright infringement, but the licensing agreement pre-dated the 1992 China-U.S. Memorandum of Understanding that first provided for reciprocal copyright protection between the two countries. The court decided to apply the MOU to the dispute and to construe it as a treaty, ordering Beijing Publishing House to pay damages to Disney.

In 2001, the China Environmental Project Tech Inc. filed a patent infringement lawsuit against American company Huayang Electronics Co. and Japanese FKK after those companies profited using a CEPT patented technique for using seawater in a fuel gas desulphurization process. Though the Supreme Court ruled in favor of CEPT, the court failed to issue an injunction because the infringing process was being used to generate electricity and an injunction would interfere with the public interest. The court instead awarded RMB 50 million to CEPT.

In 2007, CHINT Group Co. Ltd sued French low-voltage electronics manufacturer Schneider for infringement of a circuit breaker utility model patent. The Wenzhou Intermediate People's Court ruled in CHINT's favor, awarding RMB 334.8 million to the Chinese manufacturer, the highest amount ever in a Chinese IP case. After Schneider appealed to the High Court of Zhejiang province, the courts mediated the issue and the parties settled for RMB 157.5 million. In its judgement, the Wenzhou Intermediate People's Court labeled the case "the no. 1 case of patent infringement in China". At the EU–China summit 2007, EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson said, "I regard the SCHNEIDER case as a test case of the level playing field in China on intellectual property protection that we want to see".

In 2014, Tencent sued its major competitor NetEase alleging copyright infringement. Tencent used its leverage from the suit to convince NetEase to sublicense music rights from Tencent. The sub-licensing arrangement that resulted then became a model used by other online music platforms in China.

In September 2019, Levi's won final judgment in Guangzhou IP Court on a trademark infringement in Guangzhou, China. The case centred on the "arcuate design on two pockets at the back of jeans", which has been protected in China since its registration there in 2005. The company won damages and costs in addition to a ban on future infringements. The infringer's ignorance of the trademark was no bar to punishment.

In 2021 Belgian artist Christian Silvain sued Chinese artist Ye Yongqing for plagiarism. Since the 1990s, Ye's works have taken on composition and motifs similar to those of Silvain. On 24 August 2023, the Beijing Intellectual Property Court awarded €650,000 ($696,000) in damages to Silvain, the highest amount so far for cases related to fine arts in China, and ordered Ye to make a public apology in the Global Times. It was still lower than what Silvain had hoped for, but as of September 2023 his lawyers had not appealed the ruling for a larger sum.

U.S.–China relations
IP first became a significant negotiating point between the countries in establishing the U.S.-China Agreement on High Energy Physics and the U.S.-China Agreement on Trade Relations. Those agreements were reached in 1979. The two countries negotiated four bilateral memoranda of understanding dealing with IP issues over the period 1988 to 1996.

During the early 1990s, the U.S. often criticized China's IP protections and at times threatened unilateral retaliation. WIPO defended China's progress and in 1993 WIPO Director General Árpád Bogsch described China's intellectual property development as unprecedented in the history of intellectual property. China cited Bogsch's statement in responding to U.S. criticism and the dynamic led to growth in the China-WIPO relationship.

In 2007, the U.S. sued China in the WTO, resulting in China's further amendment of domestic IP laws to comply with the WTO panel's decision.

To streamline the patent application process for patentees filing under both the Chinese and United States systems, the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China (SIPO) and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) established a Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH) pilot program on December 1, 2011.

In an effort to facilitate renewable energy research and development collaboration by providing more predictability to the patent process, the U.S.–China Clean Energy Research Center (CERC) established a novel Technology Management Plan to govern intellectual property issues arising under its projects. Within CERC, owners who brought IP to CERC retained "all right, title, and interest in their background IP" and were not required to license, assign, or transfer it. The CERC Technology Management Plan required, in the event of dispute, that the parties should attempt to reach a mutually agreeable resolution. If none could be reached, the Technology Management Plan required submission of the dispute to arbitration in accordance with the rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. No instances of arbitration were ultimately required by CERC.

In 2014, the Office of the United States Trade Representative once again placed China on its "priority watch list" for intellectual property rights violations, along with other nations. In addition, the U.S., based on claims brought to it by the China Copyright Alliance (CCA)—a group of major copyright industry associations and select companies—brought two World Trade Organization (WTO) cases against China, one focused on intellectual property rights violations, and one based on market access deficiencies. In both cases, it was ruled that China must change its operating standards to comply with WTO rules; in the IPR case, a helpful standard was established as to the definition of "commercial scale" for which criminal penalties would be required, but found that the U.S. had not supplied sufficient evidence to show that China's 500 copy threshold for criminal liability left some "commercial scale" infringement cases without a criminal remedy.

The American Chamber of Commerce in the People's Republic of China surveyed over 500 of its members doing business in China regarding IPR for its 2016 China Business Climate Survey Report, and found that IPR enforcement is improving, but significant challenges still remain. The results show that the laws in place exceed their actual enforcement, with patent protection receiving the highest approval rate, while protection of trade secrets lags far behind. Many US companies have said that Chinese companies have stolen their intellectual property some time between 2009 and 2019. There are three main ways to address this issue. One is to bring a case to the WTO, which usually takes years to reach a final decision and requires a standard of proof against Chinese laws with respect to WTO rules that can be difficult to meet. Another avenue is unilateral restrictions on Chinese exports and investment, possibly leading to retaliations and a trade war. A third avenue is the negotiation of a bilateral investment treaty (BIT) with China that contains a dispute settlement mechanism between states and investors in order to ensure effective enforcement.

The 2020 U.S.-China Economic and Trade Agreement includes the highest IP enforcement standards of any U.S. bilateral agreement. It includes provisions on patent linkages, patent term extensions, data exclusivity, trade secrets, and higher criminal standards for infringement.

Although legal disputes between American and Chinese entities alleging mishandling or misappropriation of intellectual property occur, the most frequent basis for disputes stems from misunderstandings based on the differing IP rules and legal systems of the two countries.

title: Intellectual property in China


text:
User talk:Vhadiant

This is my Talk page. vhadiant 23:36, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Asian 10,000 Challenge invite
Hi. The WikiProject Asia/The 10,000 Challenge has recently started, based on the UK/Ireland The 10,000 Challenge and WikiProject Africa/The 10,000 Challenge. The idea is not to record every minor edit, but to create a momentum to motivate editors to produce good content improvements and creations and inspire people to work on more countries than they might otherwise work on. There's also the possibility of establishing smaller country or regional challenges for places like South East Asia, Japan/China or India etc, much like The 1000 Challenge (Nordic). For this to really work we need diversity and exciting content and editors from a broad range of countries regularly contributing. At some stage we hope to run some contests to benefit Asian content, a destubathon perhaps, aimed at reducing the stub count would be a good place to start, based on the current WikiProject Africa/The Africa Destubathon which has produced near 200 articles in just three days. If you would like to see this happening for Asia, and see potential in this attracting more interest and editors for the country/countries you work on please sign up and being contributing to the challenge! This is a way we can target every country of Asia, and steadily vastly improve the encyclopedia. We need numbers to make this work so consider signing up as a participant! Thank you. -- Ser Amantio di Nicolao Che dicono a Signa?Lo dicono a Signa. 04:53, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

New Challenge for Oceania and Australia
Hi, WikiProject Oceania/The 10,000 Challenge and WikiProject Australia/The 5000 Challenge are up and running based on The 10,000 Challenge which has currently produced over 2300 article improvements and creations. The Australia challenge would feed into the wider region one and potentially New Zealand could have a smaller challenge too. The main goal is content improvement, tackling stale old stubs and important content and improving sourcing/making more consistent but new articles are also welcome if sourced. I understand that this is a big goal for regular editors, especially being summertime where you are, but if you'd like to see large scale quality improvements happening for Oceania and Australia like The Africa Destubathon, which has produced over 1700 articles in 5 weeks, sign up on the page. The idea will be an ongoing national editathon/challenge for the region but fuelled by a series of contests to really get articles on every province and subject mass improved. The Africa contest scaled worldwide would naturally provide great benefits to Oceania countries, particularly Australia and attract new editors. I would like some support from existing editors here to get the Challenges off to a start with some articles to make doing a Destubathon worthwhile and potentially bring about hundreds of improvements in a few weeks through a contest! Cheers.♦ --MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 02:12, 24 November 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vhadiant


text:
Bachmann knot

The Bachmann hitch (sometimes misspelled 'Bachman') is a friction hitch, named after the Austrian alpinist Franz Bachmann. It is useful when the friction hitch needs to be reset quickly or often or made to be self-tending as in crevasse and self-rescue. (See Prusik knot)

The Bachmann hitch requires the use of a carabiner. It does not matter if the carabiner is locking or not. Most importantly, the carabiner must be of round cross section for friction. Grabbing hold of the carabiner will release the friction and allow the hitch to slide freely and thus be moved appropriately. To remove the Bachmann hitch, just unclip the top loop, hold on to the carabiner and pull the cord free.

This knot is frequently tied using a sling made from 1" tubular webbing. In this case wrap the webbing 3 times around the rope (this means the carabiner gate must be opened 3 times in the tying of the knot) for normal (dry) applications.  There are a limited number of applications that involve repeated shock loads to the knot and in these 4 wraps are usually sufficient.

However, with a non-locking carabiner it is safer to use the knot with the carabiner gate opening facing down (opposite to what is shown in the picture). This decreases the risk of self-unclipping: at maximum, one twist goes off. Otherwise, the whole knot may fail.

It is important for safety reasons to mention that the rope used for the friction hitch should be smaller in diameter than the tension rope. This allows for movement when resetting the hitch position but when a large load is applied to the friction hitch, the hitch locks on to the tension rope. If two ropes of the same diameter are used for the friction hitch and tension rope, the hitch may move freely like a slip knot (lasso or noose) and not lock into place. When encircling any cylindrical object, most ropes can only be tightened to a diameter slightly greater than the ropes own diameter(USMC Assault Climber Course).

title: Bachmann knot


text: Category:High schools in North Dakota

title: Category:High schools in North Dakota


text:
Talk:Low insertion force

Put in information about the DIP

title: Talk:Low insertion force


text: Category:Education in North Dakota

title: Category:Education in North Dakota


text:
Talk:HMS Britannia (1904)

Articles on long dead battleships are not normally my thing, but I do have a certain connection with this one. My grandfather was onboard when she was torpedoed. Fortunately he survived, or I would not have been here to start the article. I hope the article doesn't trample too much on whatever conventions there are for articles of this type. -- Chris j wood 23:39, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Interesting, thanks for writing it up. Bastie 08:35, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Does the infobox for this article contain an error?
Ordered: 1903/04 Estimates. Laid down: 4 February 1902.

Was the ship laid down before it was ordered?

--Waugh Bacon (talk) 18:53, 7 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Well spotted. Janes certainly has a laid down date in February 1904, not 1902, so this looks like a possible typographical error. I've changed this in the article. Benea (talk) 18:53, 17 August 2014 (UTC)

Last ship sunk
The article previously had the unsourced claim that Britainnia was the last Royal Navy ship sunk in the war. This looks dubious, the minesweeper HMS Ascot (1916) was torpedoed and sunk the day after Britannia was sunk. Shrubb and Sainsbury's The Royal Navy day by day remarks that Ascot was the "last RN ship sunk in World War I" (page 313). There is a sort of source for Britannia, John Terraine's Business in Great Waters: The U-Boat Wars 1916-1945 page 140, which quotes Newbolt (presumably his official naval history of the war) "The Britannia was the last British warship sunk by the enemy." Possibly Newbolt overlooked the relatively minor loss of the minesweeper. Though you could start making cases for the 'last major warship sunk by the enemy', it's probably best to leave this out and simply state the date, and the proximity to the armistice. Ships continued to be lost to war causes after the armistice took place, mostly to minefields, and the British cruiser HMS Cassandra was lost to a German minefield in December 1918. Benea (talk) 17:25, 17 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:HMS Britannia (1904)


text: Template:Afghanistan-stub

title: Template:Afghanistan-stub


text:
Ehrlich

Ehrlich is a German/Yiddish surname, meaning "honest" or "honorable". Notable people with the surname include:

 * Abel Ehrlich (1915–2003), Israeli composer of symphony music
 * Aline Ehrlich (1928–1991), German-born Israeli biologist
 * Alojzy Ehrlich (1914–1992), Polish table tennis player
 * Anne H. Ehrlich (born 1933), U.S. author of books on overpopulation and ecology
 * Arnold Ehrlich (1848–1919), biblical and rabbinical scholar who was born in Poland and immigrated to the U.S.
 * Dieter Ehrlich (born 1941), German field hockey player
 * Eugen Ehrlich (1862–1922), Austrian legal scholar
 * Eugene Ehrlich (1922–2008), U.S. lexicographer and author
 * Felix Ehrlich (1877–1942), German chemist and biochemist
 * Franz Ehrlich (1907–1984), German architect
 * Gertrude Ehrlich (born 1923), Austrian-American mathematician
 * Georg Ehrlich (1897–1966), Austrian-born sculptor, also active in the UK
 * Gretel Ehrlich (born 1946), U.S. travel writer
 * Howard J. Ehrlich, U.S. sociologist and anarchist activist
 * Isaac Ehrlich, Israeli-American economist
 * Jacques Ehrlich, (1893–1953), World War I flying ace
 * Jake Ehrlich, (1900–1971), U.S. attorney and author who was the model for Perry Mason and Sam Benedict
 * Jakob Ehrlich (1877–1938), Austrian Zionist killed in the Nazi concentration camp, Dachau
 * Jon Ehrlich, American television and film composer
 * Jonathan Erlich (born 1977), Israeli tennis player
 * Joseph Ehrlich (1914–2003) (Dr Joe Ehrlich), founded EMC Motorcycles after emigrating from Austria to Great Britain in 1930s
 * Kendel Ehrlich (born 1961), former first lady of Maryland
 * Lambert Ehrlich (1878–1942), Slovene Roman Catholic priest, political figure, and ethnologist
 * Marty Ehrlich (b. 1955), U.S. jazz musician
 * Max Ehrlich (1892–1944), German actor, director and master of ceremony
 * Meshullam Ehrlich (1818–1861), Polish-Jewish philologist
 * Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915), German scientist who won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and developed the ehrlich reagent
 * Paul R. Ehrlich (born 1932), U.S. biologist and Professor of Population Studies at Stanford University
 * Ricardo Ehrlich, (born 1948), Uruguayan politician
 * Robert "Bob" Leroy Ehrlich (born 1957), U.S. politician and former governor of Maryland
 * Robert Ehrlich (physicist) (born 1938)
 * Rotem Erlich (born 1969), Israeli basketball player
 * Simon M. Ehrlich (1852–1895), American lawyer and judge
 * S. Paul Ehrlich Jr. (1937–2005), acting Surgeon General of the United States from 1973 to 1977
 * Steven Ehrlich (born 1946), American architect
 * Thomas Ehrlich (born 1934) consulting professor at the Stanford Graduate School of Education, president of Indiana University 1987-1994
 * Walter Ehrlich (1896–1968), German philosopher
 * William Ehrlich (1894–1923), German Nazi who was killed in the attempted coup of 1923 called the Beer Hall Putsch
 * Yakov Ehrlich (born 1988), Russian professional football (soccer) player
 * Yom-Tov Ehrlich (1914–1990), Hasidic musician born in Poland who immigrated to the U.S.
 * Madeleine Hunt-Ehrlich (born 1987), American visual artist and filmmaker

Erlich, Erlikh

 * Dennis Erlich, U.S. scientologist
 * Esther Erlich, Australian artist
 * Jonathan Erlich (born 1977), Israeli tennis player
 * Leandro Erlich, Argentine conceptual artist
 * Paul Erlich (born 1972), American music theorist

Ehrlichmann, Ehrlichman, Erlichman

 * John Ehrlichman, (1925–1999), assistant to U.S. President Richard Nixon, convicted in Watergate scandal
 * Jonathan Erlichman, Canadian baseball coach

title: Ehrlich


text: User talk:70.48.51.10

title: User talk:70.48.51.10


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Diss tape

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was REDIRECT. dbenbenn | talk 19:04, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Diss tape
About hip hop rivalries, on which we already have a nice, long article. The term isn't a proper nor used one, the one sentence of information included is already present in the hip hop ricalries article, so I think it should be deleted with nno redirect ; no need to merge (the only page it linked with is Murder Inc. Records, which I have already relinked to the proper article....on second thought, redirect.--b. Touch 23:41, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 244 web hits, many not Wikipedia mirrors; just one relevant Usenet hit (murder inc diss tape). I would redirect - if nothing else, it would discourage re-creation of an article here... Samaritan 00:25, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable enough, article as it stands in un-encyclopaedic. Megan1967 01:50, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect Jeshii 02:33, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as per B Touch. JoaoRicardo 03:04, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Er ... B Touch voted "delete with no redirect". Uncle G 15:55, 2005 Feb 7 (UTC)
 * Redirect to hip hop rivalries. Nothing to merge, but this may be a common search term. Thanks, Uncle G. JoaoRicardo 19:36, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per B Touch. Uncle G 15:55, 2005 Feb 7 (UTC)
 * The common search term argument is persuasive. Redirect as per JoaoRicardo. Uncle G 03:22, 2005 Feb 8 (UTC)
 * Redirect. -Sean Curtin 03:08, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.