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J. William Kime

John William Kime (15 July 1934 – 14 September 2006) was an admiral of the United States Coast Guard who served as the 19th commandant from 1990 to 1994.

Early life and career
Kime was born in Greensboro, North Carolina. At the age of 10, he moved with his family to Baltimore, Maryland. In 1951, he graduated from Baltimore City College, and was accepted into the School of Pharmacy at the University of Maryland, but declined the admission offer for financial reasons.

Soon thereafter, he accepted a job at the local General Motors plant, installing glove boxes in Chevrolets. The following year, he saw a television advertisement on Coast Guard careers, which inspired him to enroll at the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut.

In 1957, Kime graduated second in his academy class. Upon graduation, he served aboard USCGC Casco (WAVP-370) before assuming command of LORAN Station Wake Island in 1960. Continuing his education, he graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a master's degree in naval architecture and marine engineering and the professional degree of naval engineer in 1964. He also was in charge of the structural design of the Polar-class icebreakers and was the first engineer officer on USCGC Boutwell (WHEC-719), home ported in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1977, he became a distinguished graduate of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces and was assigned to headquarters as assistant chief of the Merchant Marine Technical Division. His other assignments included command of Marine Safety Office Baltimore in 1978–81, deputy chief of the Office of Marine Environment and Systems, 1981–82; chief of the Seventh Coast Guard District Operations Division, 1982–84; chief of Headquarters Office of Marine Safety, Security, and Environmental Protection, 1986–1988.

Prior to becoming Coast Guard commandant, he served as commander of the Long Beach, California-based 11th Coast Guard District and Pacific Regional Coordinator for the Office of National Drug Control Policy. It is noteworthy that Kime was promoted from rear admiral (a two-star rank) to admiral (a four-star rank), never having held the three-star rank of vice admiral.

Commandant
As commandant, Kime was passionate about maritime safety and environmental protection issues, and oversaw implementation of the landmark Oil Pollution Act of 1990 in the wake of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, he pioneered how the Coast Guard prevents and responds to oil and hazardous chemical spills, significantly minimizing environmental damage. The groundwork he laid can also be seen in how the Coast Guard responds to a broad range of threats and hazards to maritime, homeland, and national security interests. His vision set the stage for the Coast Guard's transition to focused organizational competencies in prevention and response. He led the service during the end of the Cold War, collapse of communism, Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm, as well as increasing operations in traditional mission areas and established the position of Drug Interdiction Coordinator.

Later life
Upon his retirement from the Coast Guard in 1994, Kime brought his leadership to the maritime industry, serving as the chief executive officer of management companies in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway and Sweden. Until 2005, he served as the U.S. representative to the Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO), the world's largest private shipping organization.

He died of cancer in Towson, Maryland, on 14 September 2006 at age 72. A memorial service was held at the Fort Myer Memorial Chapel in Arlington, Virginia, on 29 September followed by interment in Arlington National Cemetery on Coast Guard Hill.

Sources: ALCOAST 464/06 (R 142239Z SEP 06), ALCOAST 469/06 06 (R 152010Z SEP 06), ALCOAST 475/06 (R 202141Z SEP 06), and L.A. Times obituaries, September 20, 2006.

Awards and decorations
Kime received the following awards and decorations:
 * Transportation Distinguished Service Medal
 * Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal
 * Defense Superior Service Medal
 * Legion of Merit
 * Meritorious Service Medals with "O" device with four gold Award stars
 * Coast Guard Commendation Medal
 * Coast Guard Achievement Medal
 * Commandant's Letter of Commendation Ribbons with "O" device with two gold Award stars
 * Coast Guard Unit Commendation with "O" device one gold Award star
 * Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation
 * International Maritime Prize

title: J. William Kime


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Footlong24seven

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 16:45, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Footlong24seven
Google only returns two hits. The entire contents of the article is "The name of a xanga site belonging to an unknown vigilante." Delete. Carrp | Talk 03:31, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There is no blog by this name on Xanga. Couldn't this be a speedy on the grounds that its subject doesn't exist? JoaoRicardo 04:47, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd say it's obvious vanity and vote delete as such. Not speedy though, as (at least theoretically) Footlong could have moved away from Xanga after the article was written. Radiant! 13:52, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Currently, the article is a not-notable, "Who cares?" sentence. Zzyzx11 07:01, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete "an unknown vigilante"? *snicker*  Yeah, this isn't exactly Robin Hood or Batman we're talking about here.  Two Google hits, both from a message board user with ONE post on that message board, and who might not even be the same guy as this one.  This is about an non-notable as non-notable gets. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  15:04, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Biddulph Grange

Biddulph Grange is a National Trust landscaped garden, in Biddulph near Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. It is separate from Biddulph Grange Country Park.

Description
"Behind a gloomy Victorian shrubbery there's a gloomy Victorian mansion, but behind that lurks one of the most extraordinary gardens in Britain...it contains whole continents, including China and Ancient Egypt – not to mention Italian terraces and a Scottish glen."

The "rhododendrons and azaleas are spectacular in late spring, but the pinetum and the evergreen topiary provide year-round interest. It's a fantastic garden for children, with its tunnels and rockeries, and there is a children's quiz trail."

The effective aspect of Biddulph Grange "lies in the way that Cooke and Bateman hid the different areas of the garden from each other, using heaps of rocks and thickly planted shrubberies' the design locks together as tightly as a jigsaw or a cross-section of the brain." It contains "a series of Italianate terraces, connected by steps and enclosing small flower gardens' at the bottom, long, buttressed hedges enclose a dahlia walk," In the Egyptian part of the garden, "Two sphinxes guard the mastaba-like entrance to a tunnel, whose darkness is an invitation to explore. Deep inside is a bloody chamber (lit by a hidden window of red-coloured glass) in which squats the half-spooky, half-comic figure of the Ape of Thoth."

Garden features
The garden is divided into many different areas with themes including:
 * Chinese garden
 * Egyptian garden
 * Western Terrace
 * Italian Garden
 * Lime Avenue
 * Rhododendron Ground
 * The Glen
 * Pinetum and Arboretum
 * Bowling green and Quoit Ground
 * Cheshire Cottage
 * Wellingtonia Avenue
 * The Stumpery
 * Dahlia Walk
 * Lower, Rose, Verbena and Araucaria Parterres
 * Cherry Orchard

History
Biddulph Grange was developed by James Bateman (1811–1897), the accomplished horticulturist and landowner; he inherited money from his father, who had become rich from coal and steel businesses. He moved to Biddulph Grange around 1840, from nearby Knypersley Hall. He created the gardens with the aid of his friend and painter of seascapes Edward William Cooke. The gardens were meant to display specimens from Bateman's extensive and wide-ranging collection of plants.

Biddulph Grange "started life as a bog-standard rectory, but around 1840 it was bought by James Bateman...he and his wife Maria had a passion for plants and the money to indulge their interests, and as the house was enlarged they began work on the surrounding gardens. In this they were helped by an artist friend, Edward William Cooke, who was not just a keen designer but whose father-in-law owned one of the biggest plant nurseries of the day, Loddiges of Hackney." The gardens "were designed by James and Maria Bateman. Bateman...bought specimens brought back by the great Victorian plant-hunters and became an expert on orchids."

Bateman was president of the North Staffordshire Field Society, and served on the Royal Horticultural Society's Plant Exploration Committee. The gardens "were meant to display specimens from Bateman's extensive and wide-ranging collection of plants." He especially loved Rhododendrons and Azaleas. Bateman was "a collector and scholar on orchids. He had a number of notable sons who grew up at Biddulph Grange, including the painter Robert Bateman.

His gardens are a rare survival of the interim period between the Capability Brown landscape garden and the High Victorian style. The gardens are compartmentalised and divided into Italian Egypt and China themes.

In 1861 Bateman and his sons, who had used up their savings, gave up the house and gardens, and Bateman moved to Kensington in London. Robert Heath bought Biddulph Grange in 1871. After the house burnt down in 1896, architect Thomas Bower rebuilt it.

The post-1896 house served as a children's hospital from 1923 until the 1960s; known first as the "North Staffordshire Cripples' Hospital" and later as the "Biddulph Grange Orthopaedic Hospital" (though it took patients with non-orthopaedic conditions as well. Under this latter title the hospital's role expanded to accommodate adults, continuing in operation into the mid-1980s.) The 15 acre garden became badly run-down and neglected during this period, and the deeply dug-out terraced area near the house around Dahlia Walk was filled in level to make a big lawn for patients to be wheeled out on in summertime. The Bateman property was (and still is) divided: the hospital got the house and its gardens, and the uncultivated remainder of Biddulph Grange's land became the Biddulph Grange Country Park.

Restoration

In 1988 the National Trust took ownership of the property and its gardens, which have now been nearly fully restored, including a long work digging out the Dahlia Walk area archaeology-style to find forgotten features. In 1995–96 the Wellingtonia Walk, which had become post-mature and badly gappy, was clear felled and in that year and the next replanted.

, the last bit being restored is the Woodland Terrace, whose site a few years ago was at last rid of a hospital ward building and is still intruded on by houses. The feature known as the Great Wall of China has been rebuilt to cure the effects of long-term subsidence; the work was finished in the winter of 2010–11. A meandering walk route called the Woodland Walk was laid out in time for the 2011 season, in the woods to the left side of the Wellingtonia Walk (looking outward). In 2011 they started planting bulbs and early-summer bedding in Dahlia Walk to cover before the dahlias come into flower.

title: Biddulph Grange


text: Talk:Development of religion

title: Talk:Development of religion


text:
Category:Motorways in Switzerland

This category contains articles related to Autobahns in Switzerland. Autobahns are highways designed to carry a large amount of traffic.

title: Category:Motorways in Switzerland


text:
Varroa destructor

Varroa destructor, the Varroa mite, is an external parasitic mite that attacks and feeds on honey bees and is one of the most damaging honey bee pests in the world. A significant mite infestation leads to the death of a honey bee colony, usually in the late autumn through early spring. Without management for Varroa mite, honey bee colonies typically collapse within 2 to 3 years in temperate climates. These mites can infest Apis mellifera, the western honey bee, and Apis cerana, the Asian honey bee. Due to very similar physical characteristics, this species was thought to be the closely related Varroa jacobsoni prior to 2000, but they were found to be two separate species after DNA analysis.

Parasitism of bees by mites in the genus Varroa is called varroosis. The Varroa mite can reproduce only in a honey bee colony. It attaches to the body of the bee and weakens the bee. The species is a vector for at least five debilitating bee viruses, including RNA viruses such as the deformed wing virus (DWV). The Varroa mite is the parasite with possibly the most pronounced economic impact on the beekeeping industry and is one of multiple stress factors contributing to the higher levels of bee losses around the world. Varroa mite has also been implicated as one of the multiple causes of colony collapse disorder. Management of this pest focuses on reducing mite numbers through monitoring to avoid significant hive losses or death. 3% of bees infested in a hive is considered an economic threshold where damage is high enough to warrant additional management. Miticides are available, though some are difficult to time correctly while avoiding harm to the hive, and resistance has occurred for others. Screened bottom boards on hives can be used for both monitoring and mite removal, and drone comb that mites prefer can be used as a trap to remove mites from the hive. Honey bee lines in breeding programs also show partial resistance to Varroa mite through increased hygienic behavior that is being incorporated as an additional management strategy.

Description and taxonomy
The adult female mite is reddish-brown in color, while the male is white. Varroa mites are flat, having a button shape. They are 1–1.8 mm long and 1.5–2 mm wide, and have eight legs. Varroa mites lack eyes. These mites have curved bodies that allow them to fit between the abdominal segments of adult bees.

Host bee species can help differentiate mite species in the genus Varroa; both V. destructor and Varroa jacobsoni parasitize Apis cerana, the Asian honey bee, but the closely related mite species originally described as V. jacobsoni by Anthonie Cornelis Oudemans in 1904 does not attack Apis mellifera, the western honey bee, unlike V. destructor. Until 2000, V. destructor was thought to be V. jacobsoni and resulted in some mislabeling in the scientific literature. The two species cannot be easily distinguished with physical traits and have 99.7% similar genomes, so DNA analysis is required instead. Because the more virulent and damaging species V. destructor could not be distinguished at the time, most pre-2000 research on western honey bees that refers to V. jacobsoni was actually research on V. destructor.

Other Varroa species V. underwoodi and V. rindereri can also parasitize honey bee species and can be distinguished from V. destructor and V. jacobsoni with slight differences in body size and setae characteristics, though each of the four species within the Varroa genus have similar physical characteristics. If a Varroa species is found on a western honey bee, it will typically be V. destructor except where V. underwoodi is present, such as in Papua New Guinea.

The name "Varroa mite" is typically used as the common name for V. destructor after the species was considered separate from V. jacobsoni.

Varroa mite has two distinct genetic strains from when it switched hosts from the Asian honey bee to the western honey bee: Korean and Japanese. The Korean strain that occurred in 1952 is now found worldwide in high frequencies, while the Japanese strain that started around 1957 occurs in similar areas at much lower frequencies. Varroa mite has low genetic diversity, which is typical for an invasive species undergoing a range or host expansion.

Range
Varroa mites originally only occurred in Asia on the Asian honey bee, but this species has been introduced to many other countries on several continents, resulting in disastrous infestations of European honey bees.

Introduction data prior to 2000 is unclear due to confusion with V. jacobsoni. By 2020, V. destructor was confirmed to be present throughout North America excluding Greenland, South America, most of Europe and Asia, and portions of Africa. The species was not present in Australia as well as Oman, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Malawi. It was suspected to not be present in Sudan and Somalia. Mites were found in 2022 in New South Wales in Australia.

Life cycle
Female mites enter brood cells to lay eggs on the comb wall after the cell is capped. Eggs are approximately 0.2 to 0.3 mm in diameter and cannot be seen without magnification. These eggs hatch into male and female protonymphs that are both transparent white. Immature mites can only feed on capped brood, so the life cycle cannot be completed during broodless periods. Protonymphs molt into deuteronymphs that more closely resemble the curved body of adults before they molt into adults. Development time from egg to adult is 67 days. Males will not leave brood cells and only mate with females present in the brood cell.

Adult females can be found feeding both on brood and adult bees. After reaching the adult stage, females will leave the brood cell and enter a phoretic stage where mites attach to adult bees in order to disperse. Mites will feed on adult bees at this time and can be transmitted from bee to bee during this stage. Nurse bees are preferred hosts in order to be moved to new brood cells. Because the nurse bee spends more time around the drone brood (i.e., male bees) rather than the worker brood, many more drones are infected with the mites. These phoretic females can also be transmitted to other hives through bee contact or hive equipment transfer. The phoretic stage can last for 4.511 days during brood production periods or up to five to six months when no brood is present in winter months. Female mites have a life expectancy of 27 days when brood is present.

After the phoretic stage, female mites leave the adult bee and enter brood cells with bee larvae. Drone cells are preferred over workers. These females are called foundress mites, and they bury themselves in brood food provided by worker bees before the cell is capped. Brood cell capping begins egg cell activation for a foundress mite while she emerges to feed on the larva. She will lay a single unfertilized egg after feeding to produce a male mite. After laying this egg, fertilized eggs to produce females are laid approximately once a day. Both the mother and nymphs will feed on the developing pupa. Unless multiple foundress mites are present in a cell, mating occurs between siblings when they reach the adult stage. Once females mate, they are unable to receive additional sperm. Varroa mite's genetic bottleneck is also likely due to its habit of sibling mating.

Host interactions
Adult mites feed on both adult bees and bee larvae by sucking on the fat body, an insect organ that stores glycogen and triglycerides with tissue abundant under epidermis and the surrounding internal body cavity. As the fat body is crucial for many bodily functions such as hormone and energy regulation, immunity, and pesticide detoxification, the mite's consumption of the fat body weakens both the adult bee and the larva. Feeding on fat body cells significantly decreases the weight of both the immature and adult bee. Infested adult worker bees have a shorter lifespan than ordinary worker bees, and they furthermore tend to be absent from the colony far more than ordinary bees, which could be due to their reduced ability to navigate or regulate their energy for flight. Infested bees are more likely to wander into other hives and further increase spread. Bees will occasionally drift into other nearby hives, but this rate is higher for Varroa infested bees.

Adult mites live and feed under the abdominal plates of adult bees primarily on the underside of the abdominal region on the left side of the bee. Adult mites are more often identified as present in the hive when on top of the adult bee on the thorax, but mites in this location are likely not feeding, but rather attempting to transfer to another bee.

Varroa mites have been found on flowers visited by worker bees, which may be a means by which phoretic mites spread short distances when other bees, including from other hives, visit. They have also been found on larvae of some wasp species, such as Vespula vulgaris, and flower-feeding insects such as the bumblebee, Bombus pensylvanicus, the scarab beetle, Phanaeus vindex, and the flower-fly, Palpada vinetorum. There have not been any indications Varroa mites are able to complete their life cycle on these insects, but instead they become distributed to other areas while a mite is still alive on these insects.

Virus transmission

Open wounds left by the feeding become sites for disease and virus infections. The mites are vectors for at least five and possibly up to 18 debilitating bee viruses, including RNA viruses such as the deformed wing virus.

Prior to the widespread introduction of Varroa mite, honey bee viruses were typically considered a minor issue. Virus particles are directly injected into the bee's body cavity and mites can also cause immunosuppression that increases infection in host bees. Varroa mites can transmit the following viruses:
 * Kashmir bee virus
 * Sacbrood virus
 * Acute bee paralysis virus
 * Israeli acute paralysis virus
 * Deformed wing virus

Deformed wing virus is one of the most prominent and damaging honey bee viruses transmitted by Varroa mites. It causes crumpled deformed wings that resemble sticks and also causes shortened abdomens.

Colony collapse disorder
There is some evidence that harm from both Varroa mite and associated viruses they transmit may be a contributing factor that leads to colony collapse disorder (CCD). While the exact causes of CCD are not known, infection of colonies from multiple pathogens and interaction of those pathogens with environmental stresses is considered by entomologists to be one of the likely causes of CCD. Most scientists agree there is not a single cause of CCD.

Management
Mite populations undergo exponential growth when bee broods are available, and exponential decline when no brood is available. In 12 weeks, the number of mites in a western honey bee hive can multiply by roughly 12. Mites often invade colonies in the summer, leading to high mite populations in autumn. High mite populations in the autumn can cause a crisis when drone rearing ceases and the mites switch to worker larvae, causing a quick population crash and often hive death. Various management methods are used for Varroa mite integrated pest management to monitor and manage damage to hives.

Monitoring
Beekeepers use several methods for monitoring levels of Varroa mites in a colony. They involve either estimating the total number of mites in a hive by using a sticky board under a screen bottom board to capture mites falling from the hive or estimating the number of mites per bee with powdered sugar or an ethanol wash.

Monitoring for mites with a sticky board can be used to estimate the total number of mites in a colony over 72 hours using the equation:

 * $$p(c)=\frac{3.76-b}{-0.01}$$

where b is the number of mites found on the sticky board and c is the number of estimated mites in the colony. However, the bee population in a colony also needs to be known to determine what population of mites is tolerable with this method.

Mite counts from a known quantity of bees (i.e., 300 bees) collected from brood comb are instead often used to determine mite severity. Mites are dislodged from a sample of bees using non-lethal or lethal means. The bees are shaken in a container of either powdered sugar, alcohol, or soapy water to dislodge and count mites. Powdered sugar is generally considered non-lethal to honey bees, but lethal methods such as alcohol can be more effective at dislodging mites. 3% of the colony being infested is considered an economic threshold damaging enough to warrant further management such as miticides, though beekeepers may use other management tactics in the 02% infestation range to keep mite populations low.

Chemical measures
Varroa mites can be treated with commercially available acaricides that must be timed carefully to minimize the contamination of honey that might be consumed by humans. The four most common synthetic pesticides used for mite treatments with formulations specific for honey bee colony use are amitraz, coumaphos, and two pyrethroids, flumethrin and tau-fluvalinate, while naturally occurring compounds include formic acid, oxalic acid, essential oils such as thymol and beta acids from hops resin (e.g. lupulone). Many of these products whether synthetic or naturally produced can negatively affect honey bee brood or queens. These products often are applied through impregnated plastic strips or as powders spread between brood frames.

Synthetic compounds often have high efficacy against Varroa mites, but resistance has occurred for all of these products in different areas of the world. Pyrethroids are used because a concentration that will kill mites has relatively low toxicity to honey bees. Compounds derived from plants have also been assessed for mite management. Thymol is one essential oil with efficacy against mites, but can be harmful to bees at high temperatures. Other essential oils such as garlic, oregano, and neem oil have had some efficacy in field trials, though most essential oils that have been tested have little to no effect. Essential oil use is widespread in hives with many of those uses being off-label or in violation of pesticide regulations in various countries. Hop beta acids are lupulones obtained from hop plants and have been used in products marketed for mite control.

Resistance to pyrethroids has occurred in the Czech Republic and the UK due to a single amino acid substitution on Varroa mite's genome. Underlying mechanisms for resistance in other pesticides, such as coumaphos, are still unknown.

Mechanical control
Varroa mites can also be controlled through nonchemical means. Most of these controls are intended to reduce the mite population to a manageable level, not to eliminate the mites completely.

Screened bottom boards are used both for monitoring and can modestly reduce mite populations by 1114%. Mites which fall from the comb or bees can land outside the hive instead landing on a solid bottom board that would allow them to easily return to the nest.

Varroa infest drone cells at a higher rate than worker brood cells, so drone cells can be used as a trap for mite removal. Beekeepers can also introduce a frame with drone foundation cells that encourage bees to construct more drone cells. When the drone cells are capped, the frame can be removed to freeze out mites. This labor-intensive process can reduce mite levels by about 5093%, but if trap cells are not removed early enough before mites emerge, mite populations can spike. This method is only viable in spring and early summer when drones are produced.

Heat is also sometimes used as a control method. The mites cannot survive temperatures near 40 °C, but brief exposure to these temperatures do not harm honey bees. Devices are marketed intended to heat brood to these temperatures, though the efficacy of many of these products has not been reviewed.

Powdered sugar used for estimating mite counts in hives has also been considered for mite management as it or other inert dusts were believed to initiate grooming responses. Long-term studies do not show any efficacy for reducing mite populations.

Honey bee genetics
The Asian honey bee, is more hygienic with respect to Varroa mite than western honey bees, which is in part why mite infestations are more pronounced in western honey bee colonies. Efforts also have been made to breed hygienic honey bees heritable behavior traits, such as those with resistance to Varroa mites. Honey bee lines with resistance include Minnesota Hygienic Bees, Russian Honey Bees, and Varroa sensitive hygiene. Hygienic behaviors include:

 * Workers removing pupae heavily infested with mites, which kills both the developing bee and immature mites.
 * An extended phoretic period in adult female mites.
 * Grooming or removal from the brood cell increases adult mite mortality.
 * Mites removed from host pupae are at an incorrect life stage to re-infest another pupa.

Hygienic behavior is effective against diseases such as American foulbrood or chalkbrood, but the efficacy of this behavior against mites is not well-quantified; colonies with this behavior alone do not necessarily result in Varroa mite resistant colonies that can survive without miticide treatments. The efficacy of this behavior can vary between bee lines in comparison studies with Minnesota hygienic bees removing 66% of infested pupae, while Varroa sensitive hygiene bees removed 85% of infested pupae. There are minimal trade-off costs to hives that have this hygienic behavior, so it is being actively pursued in bee breeding programs.

Mite genetics
Researchers have been able to use RNA interference by feeding honey bees mixtures of double-stranded RNA that target expression of several Varroa mite genes, such as cytoskeleton arrangement, transfer of energy, and transcription. This can reduce infestation to 50% without harm to honey bees and is being pursued as an additional control method for Varroa mite.

title: Varroa destructor


text:
Talk:Fuck me

VfD
This article was proposed for deletion February 2005. The discussion is archived at Votes for deletion/Fuck Me. Joyous 03:34, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)

Edit request
The edit filter is disallowing this, so I'm filing a request:

Fuck Me may refer to:
 * to request another to have sexual intercourse with the requestor
 * Slang for having pressure or stress applied to a degree that is unrecoverable
 * fuck-me shoes, a type of footwear suggesting a desired to have sex
 * Baise-moi (alternate English title: Fuck Me), a 2000 French thriller film
 * Love Me (Stooshe song), alternate title for the Stooshe song
 * If U Seek Amy (nickname: FUCK me), 2009 Britney Spears song

-- 76.65.128.222 (talk) 01:49, 4 July 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fuck me


text:
Immigration Act of 1990

The Immigration Act of 1990 was signed into law by George H. W. Bush on November 29, 1990. It was first introduced by Senator Ted Kennedy in 1989. It was a national reform of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. It increased total, overall immigration to allow 700,000 immigrants to come to the U.S. per year for the fiscal years 1992–94, and 675,000 per year after that. It provided a family-based immigration visa, created five distinct employment based visas, categorized by occupation, and a diversity visa program that created a lottery to admit immigrants from "low admittance" countries or countries whose citizenry was underrepresented in the U.S.

Besides these immigrant visas there were also changes in nonimmigrant visas like the H-1B visa for highly skilled workers. There were also cutbacks in the allotment of visas available for extended relatives. Congress also created the temporary protected status (TPS visa), which the Attorney General may provide to immigrants who are temporarily unable to safely return to their home country because of ongoing armed conflict, an environmental disaster, or other extraordinary and temporary condition. It specifically benefited citizens of El Salvador.

The act also lifted the English testing process for naturalization that had been imposed in the Naturalization Act of 1906 for permanent residents who are over 55 and have been living in the United States for fifteen years as a permanent resident, and eliminated exclusion of homosexuals under the medically unsound classification of "sexual deviant" that was in the 1965 Act. George H. W. Bush is quoted as saying, "I am also pleased to note that this Act facilitates immigration not just in numerical terms, but also in terms of basic entry rights of those beyond our borders."

Background
Prior to the introduction of the Immigration act of 1990 from Ted Kennedy there was talk in the House and Senate about immigration reform, specifically about the number of immigrants that were allowed to enter the United States. In 1988, the House voted against a proposal that would limit the number of immigrants' family members who could enter the United States. With the system at the time allowing for unlimited family members to enter, immigration reform opponent groups largely contended with the allowance of this system. The Senate then debated immigration reform in 1989, before Ted Kennedy proposed the Immigration Act of 1990, which continued family-based immigrant visas.

The most important part of the Immigration Act of 1990 is the increase in immigrants that are allowed to come into the US, and subsequently allowed millions of immigrants entry over the ensuing decades. Specifically Title I, sec 104, which increased the number of asylees able to enter the country. In this same title, the bill allowed for an increase in family based as well as visa based immigration.

Compared to the bill's initial introduction in the Senate, the final draft's ultimate objective differs little from what was intended. However, wordage of the law's official draft varied considerably from the original. For example, in the final version's antecedent, provisions contained numerous specific immigration caps for different categories, instead of the simple 675,000 per year found in the law. Much of this language used in Title I was eliminated in the Act's final form.

Family reunification
Family reunification remained a priority as it had been in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. The 1990 Act expanded the number of family-based immigration visas allotted per year to 480,000 but also made the definition of family more exclusive by limiting it to immediate family members.

Employment-based immigration
Employment-based immigration was divided amongst five occupational categories in the 1990 Immigration Act (the 1965 Act had only two). The Act provided 140,000 visas per year for job-based immigration. These categories were:

 * EB-1 visa (for an alien of extraordinary ability)
 * EB-2 visa
 * EB-3 visa
 * EB-4 visa
 * EB-5 visa

The EB 4 visa is vague but has to do with religious workers who wish to continue their career in the US. The distinct category exists because the other visas require employer contact and labor certification through the US Department of Labor, and the religious worker visa applicant is not strictly limited to employer-sponsored entry.

In addition to having to be employer-sponsored, the foreigner usually must be applying to work in an area of labor shortage in the US, or the employer must bargain on the foreigner's behalf and prove that it exhausted all other domestic recruiting efforts.

Diversity Immigrant Visas
Diversity Immigrant Visa was a new, important facet of the amendment was for the first time been instituted in national immigration policy. "Starting in 1991, every year the Attorney General, decides from information gathered over the most recent five year period the regions or country that are considered High Admission or Low Admission States" from that analysis, citizens of certain nations are deemed eligible or ineligible to apply for a diversity visa. "A High Admission region or country is one that has had 50,000 immigrants or more acquire a permanent residency visa. The High Admission regions are not given visas under this act in order to promote diversity." Starting in fiscal year 1995, the cap of 55,000 visas were allotted as "diversity" visas. The number is now more around 50,000. Changes have been made to the diversity visa requirements almost every other year (if not more often) since 1990 to assess which countries qualify. In 1990 the qualifying countries were Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France (including Guadeloupe and New Caledonia), Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, San Marino, Sweden, Switzerland and Tunisia and the United Kingdom (including Bermuda and Gibraltar). There are a number of qualifications to obtaining this visa besides being from one of the qualifying zones. Applicants must:

 * Have a high school diploma; or
 * Have two years' work experience and two years' job training

In addition, the SOS keeps track of age, occupation, education, etc. of all immigrants obtaining this visa. The selection of qualifying applicants is random. Someone approved and granted a visa has family unification extend to such visa holders. Children and spouses are eligible for permanent residency. The policy, notably, positively affected displaced Tibetans from 1991 to 1994, who were given 1,000 visas per year.

Comments from the Bush administration
George Bush: "S. 358 accomplishes what this Administration sought from the outset of the immigration reform process: a complementary blending of our tradition of family reunification with increased immigration of skilled individuals to meet our economic needs."

"Today I am pleased to sign S. 358, the 'Immigration Act of 1990'—the most comprehensive reform of our immigration laws in 66 years."

"Immigration reform began in 1986 with an effort to close the 'back door' on illegal immigration through enactment of the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). Now, as we open the 'front door' to increased legal immigration, I am pleased that this Act also provides needed enforcement authority."

"I am also pleased to note that this Act facilitates immigration not just in numerical terms, but also in terms of basic entry rights of those beyond our borders. S. 358 revises the politically related 'exclusion grounds' for the first time since their enactment in 1952."

Non-immigrant visas
Controversy over the immigration act of 1990 stemmed mostly from the expansion of green cards for foreign laborers and new limits on access to temporary visas such as the H-1B visa for visiting scholars. A bulletin released by the Stanford University News Service in Sept. 1991 claims that "Stanford, and other universities, will have to do more paperwork to hire short-term visiting professors and researchers under the H-1 visa program."

The bill also introduced a cap of 65,000 per year to H-1B and excluded nurses, entertainers, athletes, and artists from qualifying. Another short term visa is "D" category nonimmigrants who work "aboard sea or air carriers or as longshore workers" to which more constraints were also added to their ability to obtain visas.

However, it also created new categories of nonimmigrant visas. The O and P categories were for extraordinarily skilled foreigners in the realm of entertainment, athletics, science, etc. Their admittance depended upon "consultation with the appropriate unions", usually who are asking them to the U.S. and their time allowed here depended on how long the event/activity they were participating in lasted.

Provisions of the Act

The Act generally retained the preference for family reunification immigration, but placed additional emphasis on employment-related immigration and created a category of immigrants from countries underrepresented in the immigrant pool. Specific provisions of the Act:

 * Raised the cap on immigration from 270,000 people annually to 675,000 annually, and 700,000 for the first three years after the Act's enactment, and increased the per-country immigrant visa cap to 25,600 (from 20,000).
 * For family-sponsored visas, set an annual minimum of 226,000, and a maximum set by a formula that generally yielded between 421,000 and 675,000.
 * Created the diversity immigrant category for immigrants from underrepresented countries (those with fewer than 50,000 immigrants admissions over the preceding five years); since fiscal year 1995 this category (later called the Diversity Immigrant Visa category) has been allocated 55,000 visas each year.
 * Granted Temporary Protected Status for Salvadorians fleeing violence in the Salvadoran Civil War;
 * Provided for the hiring of 1,000 additional U.S. Border Patrol agents, increased penalties for violations of immigration law, and expedited deportation proceedings
 * Amended the "medical exclusion" provisions of the Immigration and National Act to eliminate text that let agents exclude "suspected homosexuals", and removed the psychopathic personality and mental defect language that had been used for decades to exclude suspected homosexuals.
 * Extension of the visa waiver program that allows immigrants who do not have a visa to enter the country.
 * Workers rights for aliens in regards to “longshore work.” Meaning you can not force immigrants to engage in manual labor (i.e. loading and unloading cargo) in exchange of bringing them to the US.
 * The introduction of new professions that immigrants can qualify as in order to acquire a work visa. These professions include things like athletes, entertainers, and those who have religious occupations. These provisions ultimately allow more immigrants to enter the US legally.

Legislative History

 * Introduced in the senate of February 1989.
 * Senate judiciary committee 1989.
 * July 3, 1989. Conversation about the number of immigrants flowing into the US and if there should be a limit on the number of immigrants coming in.
 * July 11, 12, 13, 1989 4300 house version.
 * July 1989. Senate debates bill.
 * House Hearings: September 27, 1989 and February 21, 1990, then 4 hearings in March.
 * October 2, 3, 1990. (debated 4300) then passed the senate bill, but inserted the house text.
 * Senate hearings: March 3, 1989.
 * October 3, 1990. Debate takes place in the house for the bill.
 * October 3, 1990. More extensive article of the debate mentioned above.
 * October 4, 1990. Bill is passed in the house.
 * October 7, 1990. Reaction of immigrants supporting the bill.
 * Signed into law by Bush Sr on November 29, 1990.

Jordan Commission
Following the passage of this act, there were more immigrants admitted to the U.S. from 1991 to 2000 than any prior decade in U.S. history with 10–11 million documented entries.

This act also led to the creation of the Jordan Commission or the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform. The Commission released four reports covering every aspect of U.S. Immigration policy and evaluated its quality and effectiveness, making recommendations based on their findings.

The report concluded with the following statement of principles: "Properly-regulated immigration and immigrant policy serves the national interest by ensuring the entry of those who will contribute most to our society and helping lawful newcomers adjust to life in the United States. It must give due consideration to shifting economic realities. A well-regulated system sets priorities for admission; facilitates nuclear family reunification; gives employers access to a global labor market while protecting U.S. workers; helps to generate jobs and economic growth; and fulfills our commitment to resettle refugees as one of several elements of humanitarian protection of the persecuted."

title: Immigration Act of 1990


text:
MOST

MOST may refer to:

Organizations

 * MOST nezavisnih lista, political party in Croatia
 * Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology, a museum in Syracuse, New York, US
 * Ministry of Science and Technology, a ministry or other government agency
 * MOST (Association, Serbia) a Non-governmental Citizen's association from Serbia
 * Music & Opera Singers Trust, an opera and classic music organisation in Australia that created the Opera Awards
 * Management of Social Transformations, a program of the UNESCO

Science and technology

 * Maynard Operation Sequence Technique, a work measurement system
 * Media Oriented Systems Transport, an electronic bus type architecture for on-board audio-visual devices, primarily in automobiles
 * Microvariability and Oscillations of STars telescope, a stellar photometric monitoring satellite built by Canada
 * Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope, a radio telescope in Australia
 * MOST (ATM Network) a defunct network of bank Automatic Teller Machines on the East Coast of the United States

title: MOST


text:
Category:Roads in Switzerland

The category identifies roads in Switzerland - as opposed to motorways. See Swiss road numbering scheme for more details.

See also : Motorways in Switzerland

title: Category:Roads in Switzerland


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rensselaer Space Society

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 16:46, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Rensselaer Space Society
Just another college club with 7 members (according to the article--not sure how to verify that). 20 displayed hits. Niteowlneils 03:40, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, along with their leader, Derek Russo. -- Riffsyphon1024 03:42, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but with reservations. Article needs expansion. Megan1967 06:22, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gamaliel 06:25, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless article starts expanding to elaborate on the society, rather than the current membership status. Tygar 06:29, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless someone gives more good solid notable content. Zzyzx11 07:02, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. jni 11:50, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. Radiant! 09:35, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable - David Gerard 13:42, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and delete (merging histories per this procedure) a trimmed-down version into RPI. Do not list members' names. Verifiable enough: RPI Campus News is an article that is not by the people involved, and rpi.edu is willing to give webspace to their website. Not notable enough for own article, and belongs in RPI article where there's plenty of space. Dpbsmith (talk) 03:31, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Nemecode

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Nemecode


text:
Paul A. Yost Jr.

Paul Alexander Yost Jr. (January 3, 1929 –February 9, 2022) was an admiral of the United States Coast Guard who served as the 18th commandant from 1986 to 1990.

Early life and career
Yost was a native of St. Petersburg, Florida. He graduated from the United States Coast Guard Academy at New London, Connecticut, in 1951, and earned graduate degrees from the University of Connecticut and The George Washington University. In 1966 Yost assumed command of USCGC Resolute (WMEC-620) which was home-ported at San Francisco, California. He was Commander, Task Group 115.3, a combat command in 1969 supporting Operation Market Time during the Vietnam War, He was promoted to flag rank in 1978 and served three years as Commander, Eighth Coast Guard District in New Orleans, Louisiana. He later served concurrently as Commander, Atlantic Area Maritime Defense Zone and as Commander, Third Coast Guard District, accepting those appointments in 1984. Prior to assuming those command posts, he served as Chief of Staff at Coast Guard Headquarters.

Tenure as Commandant
Yost was responsible for eliminating the longstanding tradition of beards at sea. He was also known for driving the Coast Guard toward a robust coastal defense mission, and a parallel initiative to dramatically increase the armament aboard Coast Guard cutters. Prior to his tenure Coast Guard cutters were outfitted with weapons systems designed to fight the War on Drugs, and other law enforcement related missions. He added naval warfare systems to larger cutters, which included the Harpoon missile system, close-in weapon systems (CIWS), and other similar upgrades. Following his retirement, the Harpoon missile systems were removed and the coastal defense mission was de-emphasised in favor of the more traditional missions of search and rescue, law enforcement, marine safety and aids to navigation. Yost's focus on the coastal defense mission was often derided by Coast Guardsmen and Congress alike who referred to his era as the "Yost-Guard."

Retirement and death
Following his retirement from the Coast Guard in 1990, Yost served as President of the Alexandria, Virginia-based James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation until 2010. He was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and had served on the church's Military Relations Committee.

Following his retirement from the Coast Guard, he received the Naval Order of the United States Distinguished Sea Service Award in 1992. Yost died February 9, 2022, in Provo, Utah.

title: Paul A. Yost Jr.


text: User talk:69.108.117.8

title: User talk:69.108.117.8


text:
White Shepherd

The White Shepherd is a variety of the German Shepherd bred in the United States. Although white-coated German Shepherds have been known in Europe as early as 1882, in 1933 the breed standard was amended in their native Germany, banning white-coated dogs from registration. In the United States and Canada the coloration had gained a following and in 1969 a breed club was formed specifically for white-coloured German Shepherds, calling their variety the White Shepherd. The variety is recognized as a separate breed by the United Kennel Club.

According to the breed standard of the United Kennel Club, the ideal height of a White Shepherd dog is 25 in and the ideal weight is between 75 and 85 lb, while bitches ideally stand 23 in and weigh between 60 and 70 lb. The breed standard states they have a straight, dense, weather-resistant double coat that ideally is pure white, although light cream or light tan is acceptable.

title: White Shepherd


text:
G. C. Cameron

George Curtis Cameron is an American soul and R&B singer perhaps best known as the lead singer of The Spinners on their 1970 hit "It's a Shame" and for his 1975 hit "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday". He is credited with having "six different voices."

The Spinners
After serving in the Vietnam War with the Marines, Cameron joined Motown act The Spinners as lead singer (although original lead singer Bobby Smith also retained his lead position). He sang both lead parts on their first big hit, 1970's "It's a Shame", co-written and produced by Stevie Wonder. However, when The Spinners left Motown the next year, Cameron remained with Motown as a solo artist.

Cameron rejoined The Spinners in 2000, after then-current frontman John Edwards suffered a stroke. Cameron remained with The Spinners well into the early 2000s; during that time he appeared with them on a PBS music special, singing his 1970 hit "It's A Shame", before leaving again to join The Temptations in 2003.

Solo artist
Releasing several solo singles in the early 1970s, he became known for his ability to sound like other artists such as Smokey Robinson on his song "(Don't Wanna) Play Pajama Games", Curtis Mayfield on "No Matter Where", and The Isley Brothers on his duet with Willie Hutch "Come Get This Thang". Although Cameron was not a major-seller for the label, he did have a hit with "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday", the theme song of the 1975 film Cooley High, which was later covered by Boyz II Men.

Cameron left Motown after the 1970s and toured as an independent artist. He recorded a critically acclaimed album for Malaco Records in 1983 and his career was revived in 1989 with recordings for British record companies Ardent (owned at the time by Paul Mooney) and Motorcity (owned by Ian Levine). He also recorded another solo album titled Shadows. Shadows was co-produced by Ben Obi of Savannah Street Music.

The Temptations, 2003–2007
G.C. Cameron left the group in June 2007 to focus on his solo career.

2008 to Present
On Saturday, May 17, 2008, Cameron made a special guest appearance at a benefit concert for Hold on to Education Foundation Inc. in Cherry Hill which is in South Jersey. He received proclamations from New Jersey State Senator Diane Allen; and Jacqueline Jennings, mayor of Willingboro, New Jersey with Councilman Eddie Campbell Jr. of Willingboro. Cherry Hill High School West a cappella vocal group Men of Note and Ms. Marilyn Marshall paid tribute to Cameron in honor of his contribution to American popular music and his dedication to youth education. In late 2008, he appeared on the PBS special Love Train: The Sound of Philadelphia, singing The Spinners' hit "The Rubberband Man".

In 2008, G.C. Cameron began working with reggae band Dub Nation on their album Rising Force For Change. Released in early 2012, the album features reggae renditions of his hits "It's A Shame" and "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday" in addition to a collection of new songs. In 2009, Cameron released the album Enticed Ecstasy.

Discography

 * 1971: "Act Like a Shotgun"
 * 1972: "Don't Wanna Play Pajama Games"
 * 1973: "No Matter Where"
 * 1974: "Let Me Down Easy"
 * 1974: Love Songs & Other Tragedies
 * 1974: "Topics"
 * 1975: "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday"
 * 1976: G.C. Cameron
 * 1977: You're What's Missing in My Life
 * 1977: Rich Love, Poor Love with Syreeta
 * 1983: Give Me Your Love
 * 1991: Right or Wrong
 * 2001: Shadows
 * 2009: Enticed Ecstasy
 * 2012:  Rising Force for Change with Dub Nation

title: G. C. Cameron


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jim geraghty

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. As the content has already been merged to Jim Geraghty, I'm redirecting it there. —Korath (Talk) 12:55, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)

Jim geraghty
Just another blogger. Author didn't even capitalize his last name. -- Riffsyphon1024 03:44, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, only contributes to one group website, nothing notable about him--nixie 03:47, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * He mainly writes National Review Online, which Googles 1.2 million hits . He also writes for the print version of National Review, which gets 3.1 million hits . This isn't some obscure group, it is a very widely known publication. Carrp | Talk 04:00, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * There are heaps of people that write for the popular media, it doesn't necessarily make them notable. I could find no biographical information, birthdates etc. for this guy, with the information available he doesn't qualify for a biography. Also google isn't the ultimate measure of notability. --nixie 04:05, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * If Geraghty got a few hundred hits or even a few thousand, I'd agree that the Google Test might not support his inclusion. However, he gets over 40,000 hits. If that's considered non-notable, there's quite a few articles that will need deleting. Carrp | Talk 14:09, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * In Criteria for inclusion of biographies, one of the reasons for inclusion is "Published authors, editors, and photographers who have written books with an audience of 5,000 or more or in periodicals with a circulation of 5,000 or more". Geraghty has had numerous articles (such as these, ) published in the print version of National Review, which has a much higher circulation that 5,000. There are also his articles from States News Service, which have run in very large publications. Carrp | Talk 14:25, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You still haven't shown any biographical information. There are many other bloggers with more readers, and more google hits that aren't included in wikipedia. --nixie 23:56, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Strongest Possible Keep. A Google search for "Jim Geraghty" AND "National Review" gets almost 44,000 hits. National Review is one of the most notable conservative publications. Besides his blog, TKS, he also writes articles for National Review Online  and the print version of National Review. The actual article should be moved to Jim Geraghty to capitalize his last name.Carrp | Talk 03:51, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, just under the bar of notability. Megan1967 06:26, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Since all his important work seems to be related to National Review, why not merge/redirect there? Radiant! 13:49, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Geraghty has mainly worked for National Review, but he has also worked for States News Service and his work has been in major publications such as the Washington Post, Boston Globe and Slate. National Review has many contributors and trying to include all their information on that article would be impractical.  We keep obscure writers with a few hundred hits and schools that no one has ever heard of. Geraghty is a notable writer for a major publication. Someone with over 40,000 hits on Google deserves their own page.  Carrp | Talk 14:03, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Also note that Geraghty has been highly involved with the controversy over Eason Jordan and has appeared on television for debates such this very recent one on PBS . Carrp | Talk 14:11, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Ironically, Geraghty is linking to this page, gosh could this be a ploy to swing the vote? Hardly worth a debate unless you think censoring out people without your own viewpoint is a worthy endeavor.   TKS (added by anon)
 * Keep. Perhaps I'm overcompensating for my own bias by falling frequently on the keep side of pundits whose opinions I do not agree with, but this guy does seem notable: when PBS wants a conservative blogger voice, it sometimes picks him. <POV>Personally, I would have chosen Allah is in the House (except it appears to be offline, darnit) or Little Green Footballs, but that's because I prefer my right-wing nutjobs funny.</POV> Anyway, he clears the notability bar for me. HyperZonktalk 17:58, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable in my view. JuntungWu 19:35, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. He's a fantastic writer, has done much for the conservative movement, and is read by tens of thousands of people a day. The only people who are trying to get him deleted are those who are politically motivated and want to stifle free expression.
 * Keep. --User:Boothy443 | comhrÚ 21:47, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Ellsworth 01:05, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just another blogger.  Contrary to the article's claims, he did not play a key role in the Killian documents story, he was just another voice in the chorus. Gamaliel 05:10, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Leaning delete. Haven't found evidence of him appearring in print. His name, by itself, gets >50k hits, but if you try to get rid of the online-only hits, eg "Jim geraghty" -online -nro, it quickly drops to 6k hits, many of which still refer to his online presence. Anyone can boost hits via blogs/forums/rss. Niteowlneils 18:24, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * As I noted above, Geraghty also meets the Criteria for inclusion of biographies because he's had articles published in the widely circulated print version of National Review. Carrp | Talk 19:46, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * DEFINITE KEEPER because he is a part of the history of the 2004 Presidential Election. He had scoops about the CBS story and the internals of the Bush 2004 campaign that will be important for future historians to know just how the Blogosphere was developed and how it became a force in American Politics. Liberals may disagree with him but I would say he is just as important to add to the wikipedia as probably Kos is. Because without telling either of those two names how are future historians going to know about this election? unsigned comment from 70.21.52.143
 * Keep only if merged with Jim Geraghty. No need for separate articles. Jonathunder 22:21, 2005 Feb 27 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Recycling Troll 09:41, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Agreeing with his politics should not be a criteria, it is whether he was involved with or has done anything significant. He was involved in the CBS document story and other stories pertaining to the election and his a current writer for NRO.  All the other writers for NRO are considered worthy of Wikipedia.  Needs to be merged with Jim Geraghty.unsigned vote from 24.18.59.229
 * No one is suggesting his politics should be a criteria. Many writers and reporters were "involved" with the CBS document story, he was not involved in any significant way.  See Killian documents. Gamaliel 21:25, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Geraghty did not break the forgery story but he reported it extensively on a day by day basis (essentially running the story) for NRO and National Review. That is what reporters do.  While I would agree it was not to the same level as Powerline and LGF, it was significant. Most of the writers for The Nation have seperate pages as do all the other contributors for National Review.  To describe Geraghty as "just another blogger" is not true.
 * KEEP: He's influential.
 * Keep, primarily on the basis of being regularly published in print. RadicalSubversiv E 20:38, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

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text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Abortionist

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was REDIRECT to abortion. —Korath (Talk) 12:47, Mar 3, 2005 (UTC)

Abortionist
stub dicdef. There is already an Abortionist article on wiktionary JeremyA 03:46, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to abortion. (Hasn't this been deleted before?)  -Sean Curtin 04:11, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. Mikkalai 04:27, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Gilles Pouliot

Gilles Pouliot (born May 25, 1942) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1985 to 1999, representing the Northern Ontario riding of Lake Nipigon for the New Democratic Party.

Background
Pouliot was born in Montreal, Quebec. He served as reeve for the Township of Manitouwadge for six years. He also worked as a flotation operator for Noranda Mines. He lived in Manitouwadge during his time in office.

Politics
He was elected in the 1985 provincial election, defeating Progressive Conservative candidate Jim Files by over 1,200 votes. He was re-elected by greater margins in the provincial elections of 1987 and 1990. He supported Dave Barrett for the leadership of the federal New Democratic Party in 1989.

Government
The NDP won a majority government in the 1990 election, and Pouliot was named as Minister of Mines and Minister responsible for Francophone Affairs in Bob Rae's government on October 1, 1990. In early 1991, he introduced legislation forcing mining companies to renew their claims or risk losing them.

He retained responsibility for Francophone Affairs throughout the Rae government. On July 31, 1991, he was transferred from Mines to the Ministry of Transportation. On October 21, 1994, near the end of the Rae government's time in office, he was shifted back to Northern Development and Mines.

Opposition
The NDP were defeated in the 1995 election, although Pouliot retained the Lake Nipigon riding without too much difficulty. In 1996, he supported Howard Hampton's successful campaign to replace Rae as party leader.

Pouliot's riding was eliminated by redistribution in 1996. He rarely spoke in the legislature thereafter, and he chose not to run again in the 1999 election.

title: Gilles Pouliot


text:
Liberty Global

Liberty Global plc is a British-Dutch-American multinational telecommunications company with headquarters in London, Amsterdam and Denver. Its respective legal names are Liberty Global Plc, Liberty Global B.V. and Liberty Global, Inc., with the first of these being publicly traded. It was formed in 2005 by the merger of the international arm of Liberty Media (in turn, a spin-off of American cable-television group TCI) and UnitedGlobalCom (UGC).

Liberty Global had an annual revenue of $11.5 billion in 2019, with operations in six countries and 20,600 employees. It has 10.8 million cable service subscribers, or 25.3 million revenue generation units (RGU), combining video, internet, and voice customers.

History
Liberty Global Inc. was founded in 2005 when Liberty Media International, Inc. (LMI) and UnitedGlobalCom, Inc. (UGC) merged. LMI and UGC became subsidiaries of Liberty Global. UGC founder was Gene Schneider. UGC was also built on acquisitions. United International Holding, later called UGC, acquired 50% of UPC from Dutch electronic concern Philips in 1995, and 100% in 1997.

The new entity had operations in 18 countries and networks over approximately 23 million homes, making it one of the largest broadband services companies in the world.

Liberty acquired German company Unitymedia in November 2009 for $5.2 billion. In 2010, Liberty sold its stake in Jupiter Telecommunications, a Japanese telecommunications-services provider.

On November 9, 2012, Liberty Global acquired Puerto Rico-based cable company OneLink Communications.

In January 2013, Liberty Global raised its stake in Belgium-based Telenet from 50.2% to 58%. In June 2013, Liberty Global acquired British cable group Virgin Media for $24 billion in cash and stock. The acquisition was noted by The New York Times as one of the 10 largest cable deals of all time. It was reported that this acquisition would make Liberty Global the largest broadband company in the world. Liberty agreed in October 2013 to sell Chellomedia for $1.035 billion except for its Benelux unit to AMC Networks.

Liberty Global announced it would be acquiring Dutch cable company Ziggo for €10 billion in January 2014. The acquisition was completed in November 2014, when the services of UPC Nederland began to be merged into the new business. Liberty Global and Discovery Communications became joint owners of All3Media in May 2014 in a £500 million joint deal. In July 2014, Liberty Global acquired a 6.4% stake in ITV plc, valued at £481 million. Liberty's stake in the company increased to 9.9% in July 2015. In November 2015, Liberty Global announced its acquisition of Cable & Wireless Communications. The $5.3 billion deal expanded Liberty Global's presence into the Caribbean & greater Latin America. The acquisition was completed in May 2016. In 2015, Liberty established the stock Liberty Latin American & Caribbean (LiLAC) focusing on Panama and the Caribbean with assets in Chile and Puerto Rico. The company also owned a 49% stake in majority state-owned Trinidadian telco, TSTT, which it was eventually obliged to dispose of as the company itself competes with Liberty's wholly owned Trinidadian subsidiary, FLOW Trinidad. Liberty Global and Discovery Communications paid approximately $195 million for a 3.4% stake in Lions Gate Entertainment Group in November 2015. Liberty CEO Mike Fries joined the Lion's Gate board of directors as part of the acquisition.

Liberty invested £7.5 million in global broadband cable network Technetix in July 2016. In November 2016, Liberty Global's Virgin Media subsidiary released its Netflix and other app-enabled set-top V6 box. Liberty Global was also ranked 88th on the Forbes "World's Most Innovative Companies" list in 2016.

At the end of 2017, Liberty Global announced the decision to sell its operations in Austria, UPC Austria – the country's largest cable operator, to T-Mobile Austria for €1.9 billion, which was then rebranded Magenta Telekom.

In January 2018, Liberty Latin America spun off from Liberty Global. The new publicly traded company, Liberty Latin America Ltd., operates independently throughout parts of the Caribbean and South America.

On May 9, 2018, Liberty Global announced the sale of its operations in Germany, Hungary, Romania and the Czech Republic to Vodafone for €19 billion ($22.7 billion). The sale closed for $21.3 billion in July 2019. All of these operations, formerly named UPC (Unitymedia in Germany), were since rebranded to Vodafone. In December 2018, Liberty Global announced the sale of its DTH satellite TV operations in Hungary (UPC Direct), Czech Republic, Slovakia (in both named freeSAT) and Romania (Focus Sat) to M7 Group. Under M7 Group, Czech and Slovak operations were integrated with Skylink, Hungarian operations adopted Direct One name and logo, while Romanian operations retained its name, only changing its logo to match with its new parent.

In 2019, Liberty Global announced an initiative to offer broadband with speeds of 1 Gbps across several European cities through the company's GigaCities program.

In August 2020, Liberty Global announced that it would be buying Sunrise Communications AG for $7.4 billion. The company attempted to acquire Sunrise Communications multiple times; according to Mike Fries, the chief executive officer of Liberty Global, "It wasn't a question of 'is this a good deal?' only a matter of how it would get done". On the 11th November Sunrise became a subsidiary of Liberty Global.

In September 2021, Liberty Global announce the sale of its Polish operations to Iliad Group's subsidiary Play (P4) for $1.8bn. The transaction was closed on 1 April 2022.

Merger with Vodafone in the Netherlands
In June 2015, Vodafone confirmed talks with Liberty Global focused on potential partnerships, but denied that a full merger was in the works. Liberty Global invested in Guavus, a data analytics company, in September 2015. In February 2016, it was announced that Vodafone and Liberty Global would merge Dutch operations. Liberty's Dutch subsidiary, Ziggo, would work with Vodafone's mobile network. Vodafone paid Liberty €1 billion as part of the joint venture valued at €3.5 billion. The deal was approved by the European Commission in August 2016. On December 31, 2016, the proposed merger of Liberty Global's and Vodafone Group's Dutch operations was completed, resulting in a joint venture called VodafoneZiggo Group Holding B.V.

Innovations and investments
In 2013–2016, Liberty Global invested EUR 14.5 billion in infrastructure, including investments to bring high-speed internet to four million more European households through new build and upgrades.

In October 2017, Liberty Global opened the Telenet Innovation Center in Brussels, its second innovation hub alongside the Tech Campus near Amsterdam. The Innovation Center is focused on testing Internet of Things (IoT) solutions and mobile technologies, including the introduction and preparation of 5G networks.

Video properties
Liberty Global offers Netflix in 30 countries in Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean and other video-on-demand platforms as MaxDome in Germany, Play and Play More in Belgium, and MyPrime in Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ireland, Switzerland and the Netherlands.

In 2017, Liberty Global partnered with affiliate Lionsgate and subsidiary premium channel Starz on a television series, The Rook. The show, which premiered in summer 2019, is adapted by Stephenie Meyer from the novel of the same name written by Daniel O'Malley.

In February 2018, Liberty Global announced a partnership with Amazon Prime Video on the television series called The Feed, premiering in 2019. The show was co-produced in partnership with the Amazon Studios division and launched as an on-demand programme in Europe, Latin and North America.

Horizon TV
Horizon TV is Liberty Global's flagship platform with more than 10 million first-generation Horizon TV devices sold.

Liberty Global launched Horizon TV, a box to stream to televisions, in 2012. H2, an upgraded version of the Horizon box, was launched in 2013. The new system included an upgraded remote control with a QWERTY keyboard. A secondary box connects wirelessly to the main device allowing TV, DVR and VoD streaming to multiple rooms in a subscriber's house. Liberty partnered with ActiveVideo in 2013 to include ActiveVideo's CloudTV on the Horizon boxes.

Twitter was integrated into Horizon's mobile app library in 2016. The addition allowed live tweets to be overlaid onto the screen of a program being broadcast. Horizon TV was also launched in Austria in 2016, making it available in all three German-speaking countries where Liberty Global operates.

In September 2018, Liberty Global announced the next-generation video platform Horizon 4.

Operations and shareholdings
Liberty Global operates through the following subsidiaries and shareholdings:

• ITV plc (United Kingdom) (9.9% shareholding)

• Platforma Canal+ (Poland) (17% ownership)

• Sunrise (Switzerland) (100% ownership)

• Telenet (Belgium) (100% ownership)

• *Base

• *Play Media

• **Play4

• **Play5

• **Play6

• **Play7

• **Play Sports

• UPC Broadband

• *UPC Slovakia

• Virgin Media Ireland Limited

• *Virgin Media Television

• *Virgin Mobile (Ireland)

• Virgin Media O2 (50% ownership)

• *O2 UK

• **giffgaff

• **Tesco Mobile (50% ownership)

• *Virgin Media Limited (UK)

• **Virgin Media Business Limited

• **Virgin Mobile (UK)

• Vodafone Group (4.9% ownership)

• VodafoneZiggo (50% ownership)

• *Vodafone Netherlands

• *Ziggo

• **Ziggo Sport

• **Ziggo Sport Totaal

Americas
Part of Liberty Global is separately listed as LiLAC (Liberty Latin America and Caribbean Group), operating in over 20 countries under the consumer brands VTR, FLOW, Cabletica, Liberty, Más Móvil and BTC, as well as having a sub-sea fiber network.

In January 2018, Liberty Latin America spun off the main company and began operating independently from Liberty Global.

Liberty Latin America's operations consist of Liberty Puerto Rico, a provider of pay-TV, Internet, and telephone services in Puerto Rico, and VTR, a Chile a cable provider of television, telephone, mobile, and internet services. Through the acquisition of Cable and Wireless Communications, Liberty Global has become the owner of the largest pay-TV and broadband provider in the Caribbean. In addition, the company also owns CWC's operations in the Seychelles named Cable and Wireless Seychelles.

Europe
Liberty Global serves six countries in Europe and is among the largest cable operators in Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands, Slovakia, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Merger of Virgin Media with O2 UK
On 7 May 2020, it was announced that Liberty Global and Telefónica had been in talks to merge their UK businesses in a deal worth an estimated £31bn. The merger would see Virgin Media and O2 form a 50:50 joint venture, making the combined business one of the UK's largest entertainment and telecommunications companies, with annual revenues of approximately US$13.6 billion and over 46 million subs.

The merger was subject to customary regulatory approval and, if approved, was to be completed by mid-2021. The merger was completed on 1 June 2021.

title: Liberty Global


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