text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jewish ethnocentrism/Logs

Log Record
This is a clarification for the record. This is a copy what administrators see, and is posted here for public view. -- AllyUnion (talk) 19:38, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * All times listed below are according to my own timezone, which is Pacific Standard Time, -(0800) from UTC. -- AllyUnion (talk) 19:43, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Except those marked with (UTC) as indicated by the automatic timestamp. -- AllyUnion (talk) 20:25, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Excerpt from Protection Log

 * 12:11, 13 Feb 2005 Jnc unprotected Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/Jewish ethnocentrism/previous (Well, there's no point protecting this then)
 * 12:09, 13 Feb 2005 AndyL protected Jewish ethnocentrism (recreaed after VFD)
 * 12:02, 13 Feb 2005 AndyL protected Jewish ethnocentrism (VFD succeeded to delete)
 * 11:54, 13 Feb 2005 AndyL protected Jewish ethnocentrism (attempts to recreate page deleted by VfD)
 * 11:37, 13 Feb 2005 Mikkalai unprotected Jewish ethnocentrism (protected with violation of rules: by atricle's editor)
 * 11:35, 13 Feb 2005 Jnc protected Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/Jewish ethnocentrism/previous (Prevent vandalism by people who keep re-creating the page)
 * 11:30, 13 Feb 2005 Jnc protected Jewish ethnocentrism (Deleted per vote on VfD, people keep re-creating it, blanking, protecting)

View and restore deleted pages
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history by default. If you do not want to restore all revisions, select only the checkboxes by the revisions you do want to restore. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced.

Deletion log

 * 12:06, 13 Feb 2005 Mikkalai deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (content was: ' ')
 * 12:04, 13 Feb 2005 Mikkalai restored "Jewish ethnocentrism"
 * 12:04, 13 Feb 2005 Curps deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (deleted as per VfD and VfU consensus.)
 * 11:58, 13 Feb 2005 Mikkalai restored "Jewish ethnocentrism"
 * 11:58, 13 Feb 2005 Mikkalai restored "Jewish ethnocentrism"
 * 11:55, 13 Feb 2005 AndyL deleted Jewish ethnocentrism
 * 11:52, 13 Feb 2005 AndyL deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (A VFD has decided to delete this already.)
 * 07:27, 13 Feb 2005 Snowspinner deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (Consensus was to delete article, not redirect it.)
 * 22:11, 12 Feb 2005 Rdsmith4 deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (recreated after being deleted by VFD vote)
 * 12:51, 6 Feb 2005 AndyL deleted Jewish Ethnocentrism (content was: '#REDIRECT Jewish ethnocentrism')
 * 12:49, 6 Feb 2005 AndyL deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (content was: '#REDIRECT ethnocentrism')
 * 12:42, 6 Feb 2005 AndyL deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (VfD and attempt to stack vote by Stormfront.)

Page history

 * 12:05, 13 Feb 2005 . . AndyL
 * 12:03, 13 Feb 2005 . . AndyL
 * 11:59, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (blanking and deleting of an article ith new content is violation of policies)
 * 11:54, 13 Feb 2005 . . AndyL
 * 11:53, 13 Feb 2005 . . AndyL
 * 11:40, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (restore. removal of a VfD is a violation of wikipedia policy)
 * 11:38, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mel Etitis
 * 11:37, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (rv. This is a *new* article. Protecting an article by an editor is still another violation of policy.)
 * 11:34, 13 Feb 2005 . . Jnc (Reblank)
 * 11:30, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (this is not re-creation. This is a totally different article, about the existing term)
 * 11:29, 13 Feb 2005 . . Jnc (Article was deleted per vote on VfD. Stop re-creating it.)
 * 11:25, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (Reverted edits by Mel Etitis to last version by Mikkalai)
 * 11:23, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mel Etitis
 * 11:21, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai
 * 11:20, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai
 * 11:19, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai
 * 11:18, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (you are blatantly violating deletion policy guys.)
 * 11:16, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mel Etitis (rv to last correct version)
 * 11:12, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (content moved to talk. You violated the policy of speedy deletions.)
 * 11:10, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai
 * 11:10, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai
 * 11:09, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai
 * 11:08, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai
 * 10:51, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mel Etitis (deleted content, and added message)
 * 10:31, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai
 * 05:55, 13 Feb 2005 . . BM (Redirect to Ethnocentrism. See comments on Talk page.)
 * 01:44, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (Reverted edits by Silsor to last version by Rdsmith4)
 * 01:37, 13 Feb 2005 . . Silsor (#REDIRECT Ethnocentrism)
 * 22:17, 12 Feb 2005 . . Rdsmith4 (never mind - I deleted this, but it turns out it's just a redirect)
 * 21:52, 12 Feb 2005 . . SlimVirgin (Is this title supposed to exist?)
 * 21:23, 12 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai
 * 12:48, 6 Feb 2005 . . AndyL
 * 07:37, 5 Feb 2005 . . Slrubenstein (see talk)
 * 07:34, 5 Feb 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Reverted edits by Acidmonkey to last version by 128.120.185.31)
 * 01:50, 5 Feb 2005 . . Acidmonkey
 * 18:56, 4 Feb 2005 . . 128.120.185.31 (I provided something to balance out the bile in this article, athough I still say it should be deleted.)
 * 10:52, 4 Feb 2005 . . Slrubenstein (References - don't put text in bibliography, only references.)
 * 10:49, 4 Feb 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Reverted edits by Xed to last version by 66.31.7.30)
 * 10:29, 4 Feb 2005 . . Xed (rv to preferred version, see talk)
 * 19:20, 3 Feb 2005 . . 66.31.7.30
 * 16:59, 3 Feb 2005 . . Guy Montag (This reads like a diatribe from a neo nazi.)
 * 15:24, 3 Feb 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Reverted edits by Xed to last version by Slrubenstein)
 * 14:59, 3 Feb 2005 . . Xed
 * 12:18, 3 Feb 2005 . . Slrubenstein
 * 12:17, 3 Feb 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Possible reasons and justifications for Jewish ethnocentrism)
 * 12:17, 3 Feb 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Exclusivism)
 * 12:17, 3 Feb 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Examples)
 * 05:59, 3 Feb 2005 . . Sam Spade (rv, at least merge the two, tehre is plenty of good content here)
 * 18:03, 2 Feb 2005 . . Yoshiah ap (Jewish Ethnocentrism)
 * 17:19, 2 Feb 2005 . . Xed (rv to more neutral version)
 * 10:40, 2 Feb 2005 . . SlimVirgin (see talk)
 * 10:22, 2 Feb 2005 . . Slrubenstein (see talk)
 * 10:20, 2 Feb 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Exclusivism - deleting material that has nothing to do with ethnocentrism)
 * 10:16, 2 Feb 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Examples - removing cases that are not examples of ethnocentrism)
 * 14:31, 1 Feb 2005 . . SlimVirgin (remove sources tag)
 * 14:19, 1 Feb 2005 . . Sam Spade (rv, thats no way to edit an article, esp. one your newly involved with)
 * 12:29, 1 Feb 2005 . . BM
 * 12:26, 1 Feb 2005 . . BM
 * 11:07, 1 Feb 2005 . . Xed (notices)
 * 11:04, 1 Feb 2005 . . Xed (rv to more neutral version)
 * 21:22, 31 Jan 2005 . . Jpgordon (Anti-semites who can't spell anti-semitic. Always cute.)
 * 10:04, 31 Jan 2005 . . Jayjg (Cleanup. Ethnic, not racial. As for particularly targetting Muslims and "other Arabs", says who?)
 * 09:41, 31 Jan 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Reverted edit of Sam Spade, changed back to last version by Slrubenstein)
 * 09:41, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (Ethnic diversity within Judaism - ==Semitism==)
 * 09:40, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (replacing deleted text)
 * 08:50, 31 Jan 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Semitism)
 * 08:49, 31 Jan 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Possible reasons and justifications for Jewish ethnocentrism - deleting irrelevant section)
 * 08:45, 31 Jan 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Exclusivism - deleting section that is not about ethnocentrism)
 * 08:44, 31 Jan 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Examples - deleting material that doesn't bear on the topic)
 * 06:30, 31 Jan 2005 . . ZayZayEM ("their own kind" just sounds off putting)
 * 04:44, 31 Jan 2005 . . Zero0000 (Ethnic diversity within Judaism - what's a thousand years between friends?)
 * 03:00, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (See also - *Particularism)
 * 02:59, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (References - victim blaming)
 * 02:58, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (These views may include hate propaganda directed toward other cultures, particularly Muslims, and other Arabs.)
 * 02:52, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (Semitism)
 * 02:47, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (Counter-arguments)
 * 02:42, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (Kevin B. MacDonald)
 * 02:42, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (Kevin B. MacDonald)
 * 02:41, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (Possible reasons and justifications for Jewish ethnocentrism)
 * 02:37, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (Exclusivism - Jews as a chosen people, - uncited POV's)
 * 02:30, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (fmt, wl)
 * 02:27, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (Kevin B. MacDonald - competition)
 * 02:27, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (Kevin B. MacDonald's theory - various)
 * 02:24, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (intro)
 * 02:09, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (restore content)
 * 02:03, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (references)
 * 02:00, 31 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (references)
 * 00:58, 31 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin
 * 08:07, 30 Jan 2005 . . Jayjg (rv: the MacDonald theories are given at length in the article devoted to them, we don't want to duplicate all that, or have this page only about MacDonald. That should be obvious.)
 * 06:37, 30 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (rv, don't delete the majority of the page, that should be obvious)
 * 23:20, 29 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (fixed typo)
 * 23:19, 29 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (deleted most of MacDonald's theories, and most unreferenced or irrelevant claims)
 * 07:49, 29 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (High average IQ test scores)
 * 07:32, 29 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (High average IQ test scores)
 * 07:23, 29 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (High average IQ tests scores)
 * 07:21, 29 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (High ethnocentrism and selective breeding not needed to explain high average Ashkenazi IQ -Added that environment can also explain iq gap)
 * 06:57, 29 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (John Tooby - Removed unsupported view)
 * 19:48, 28 Jan 2005 . . Wareware (See also)
 * 11:18, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (High average IQ - No need for selective breeding)
 * 10:21, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (High average IQ - More complete)
 * 10:11, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Added High average IQ)
 * 08:51, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Research on ingroup bias)
 * 08:48, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Research on ingroup bias)
 * 08:05, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Research on ingroup bias)
 * 07:59, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Counter-arguments - Research on ingroup bias)
 * 06:31, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (John Tooby - Quote)
 * 06:01, 28 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (John Tooby - you seem to be trying to quote Judith Shulevitz, not tooby, but it doesn't matter, since its not in quotations anyways)
 * 05:58, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine
 * 05:55, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Moved holocaust concentration to bias in historical research)
 * 05:43, 28 Jan 2005 . . 213.89.160.137 (John Tooby - Changed to what Tooby actually stated)
 * 05:32, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Moved items in introduction to better sections)
 * 05:23, 28 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (John Tooby - repair of section)
 * 05:17, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Alleged, not proven)
 * 05:14, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Counter-arguments -Created new paragraph from earlier material)
 * 05:04, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Possible reasons and justifications for Jewish ethnocentrism - Changed content and title to be a presentation of MacDonald's theory)
 * 04:04, 28 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (John Tooby - Changed to actual quote and removed possible original research)
 * 02:28, 28 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin
 * 02:24, 28 Jan 2005 . . Sam Spade (Alleged examples of Jewish ethnocentrism - -alleged)
 * 01:46, 28 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (Deleted Macdonald rebuttal as original research and also because much of his stuff has been moved)
 * 01:40, 28 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (Edit conflict. Redid Willmcw's edit.)
 * 01:36, 28 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (Made "anecdotal evidence" section invisible because of weblog as source. See Talk)
 * 01:32, 28 Jan 2005 . . Willmcw (+link to new article, deletion of MacDonald material)
 * 01:01, 28 Jan 2005 . . Willmcw (undo revert = a lot of work has been done on these edits.)
 * 00:50, 28 Jan 2005 . . Jacquerie27 (Reverting.)
 * 23:54, 26 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Anecdotal evidence - Added peer-review)
 * 23:48, 26 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Anecdotal evidence)
 * 23:45, 26 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Anecdotal evidence - Clearer critque)
 * 19:45, 26 Jan 2005 . . Jayjg (MacDonald's theory - this article is supposed to be about Jewish ethnocentrism, not about people who have theories about group evolutionary strategies)
 * 19:07, 26 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Attachment in infants)
 * 16:18, 26 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Counter-arguments -Added Influence of Jews on public opinion)
 * 15:53, 26 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Support - Changed to more correct title)
 * 15:07, 26 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Counter-arguments -Removing some duplicate arguments)
 * 14:08, 26 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (MacDonald's theory - deleted scholarly)
 * 14:04, 26 Jan 2005 . . Slrubenstein (MacDonald's theory - took out peer-review, made clear its not an academic press)
 * 13:20, 26 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (MacDonald's theory - No peer-review)
 * 07:02, 26 Jan 2005 . . Ultramarine (Moved theory from Kevin B. MacDonald here to avoid duplication. Needs editing :).)
 * 08:01, 17 Jan 2005 . . Jayjg (Possible reasons and justifications for Jewish ethnocentrism -Who has made this argument? Sources please.)
 * 11:23, 16 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (removed 1st sentence of 2nd para because it had no reference and was unclear)
 * 18:31, 15 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin
 * 18:30, 15 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (more tweaks)
 * 18:23, 15 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (typo)
 * 18:23, 15 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (more copy editing)
 * 18:04, 15 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (tweak)
 * 17:59, 15 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (copy edit; this article illustrates well why Wikipedia's strength is its weakness.)
 * 13:02, 14 Jan 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Examples claimed to support the theory - it is not a "theory")
 * 08:18, 14 Jan 2005 . . Jayjg (Possible reasons and justifications for Jewish ethnocentrism -well, this was definitely POV. Awaiting comment on the Talk: page for other un-supported claims)
 * 02:58, 14 Jan 2005 . . Zantastik (critical reaction in context)
 * 02:53, 14 Jan 2005 . . Zantastik (getting attacked in slate isn't going to help his popularity)
 * 16:34, 9 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (Jewish Attitudes to Jewish and non-Jewish suffering - deleted Cohen passage)
 * 14:31, 9 Jan 2005 . . Jacquerie27 (Is this better?)
 * 10:20, 9 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin (pasted a comment here instead of on Talk (!); sorry, have removed it)
 * 07:35, 9 Jan 2005 . . SlimVirgin
 * 16:30, 8 Jan 2005 . . Jayjg (Reverted edits by 213.178.224.227 to last version by Jayjg)
 * 04:24, 8 Jan 2005 . . 213.178.224.227 (Ethnic diversity within Judaism)
 * 08:35, 7 Jan 2005 . . Jayjg (Reverted edits by 213.178.224.227 to last version by Jayjg)
 * 08:05, 7 Jan 2005 . . 213.178.224.227 (Ethnic diversity within Judaism)
 * 08:00, 7 Jan 2005 . . 213.178.224.227 (Ethnic diversity within Judaism)
 * 15:07, 5 Jan 2005 . . Jayjg (Ethnic diversity within Judaism - Judaism is universalist too)
 * 15:03, 5 Jan 2005 . . Jayjg (Jewish attitudes to conversion -hmm, exclusivism?)
 * 14:30, 5 Jan 2005 . . Jacquerie27 (Adding link to Chinese ethnocentrism.)
 * 14:29, 5 Jan 2005 . . Jacquerie27 (Genetic diversity and conversion.)
 * 10:30, 5 Jan 2005 . . Jayjg (Ethnic diversity within Judaism)
 * 06:57, 5 Jan 2005 . . 213.178.224.227 (Ethnic diversity within Judaism)
 * 06:53, 5 Jan 2005 . . 213.178.224.227 (Ethnic diversity within Judaism)
 * 06:50, 5 Jan 2005 . . 213.178.224.227 (Ethnic diversity within Judaism)
 * 06:47, 5 Jan 2005 . . 213.178.224.227 (Ethnic diversity within Judaism)
 * 13:59, 3 Jan 2005 . . Jacquerie27 (Jewish importance; attitudes to Jewish and non-Jewish suffering; ethnic diversity within Judaism.)
 * 12:15, 3 Jan 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Reverted edits by Willmcw to last version by Slrubenstein)
 * 11:57, 3 Jan 2005 . . Willmcw (Terminology - Central is a good word for a -centric movement)
 * 10:13, 3 Jan 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Reverted edits by Jacquerie27 to last version by Jayjg)
 * 14:51, 2 Jan 2005 . . Jacquerie27 (Rmvg POV "disproportional".)
 * 14:41, 2 Jan 2005 . . Jayjg (Terminology - sp)
 * 13:57, 2 Jan 2005 . . Willmcw (Terminology - delete graf about what some say)
 * 16:14, 1 Jan 2005 . . Willmcw (attempt to improve the terminology section)
 * 15:41, 1 Jan 2005 . . Jacquerie27 (Typo.)
 * 15:38, 1 Jan 2005 . . Willmcw (Use of the concept and term by anti-Semites - copyedit)
 * 15:36, 1 Jan 2005 . . Willmcw (correct reference to usage of term - mostly used by anti-semitic groups.)
 * 15:15, 1 Jan 2005 . . Jacquerie27 (Reductio ad Hitlerum.)
 * 15:13, 1 Jan 2005 . . Jacquerie27 (Definition of the term, Yaacov Perrin, etc.)
 * 09:42, 1 Jan 2005 . . Slrubenstein (Reverted edits by Jacquerie27 to last version by Jayjg)
 * 04:32, 1 Jan 2005 . . Jacquerie27 (Reductio ad Hitlerum.)
 * 07:11, 31 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (Definition of the term, Yaacov Perrin, etc.)
 * 14:58, 28 Dec 2004 . . Jayjg (Possible reasons and justifications - re-direct)
 * 11:24, 28 Dec 2004 . . Jayjg (Jewish ethnocentrism - rm blank line)
 * 11:23, 28 Dec 2004 . . Jayjg (Examples claimed to support the theory - rv Alberuni sockpuppet)
 * 10:14, 28 Dec 2004 . . RomperRoomReject (rv ListenToThis)
 * 09:47, 28 Dec 2004 . . Olve (Examples of Jewish ethnocentrism - Examples from a society's extreme right are not representative of the society in general unless the extreme right has very wide support...)
 * 09:34, 28 Dec 2004 . . Olve (Jewish ethnocentrism - Anti-"Gypsy" prejudice not specifically or predominantly Jewish.)
 * 05:00, 28 Dec 2004 . . ListenToThis (Examples of Jewish ethnocentrism - doesn't ring a bell)
 * 21:54, 27 Dec 2004 . . RomperRoomReject (add)
 * 15:17, 27 Dec 2004 . . Willmcw (Examples of Jewish ethnocentrism - delete unnecessary heading)
 * 15:07, 27 Dec 2004 . . ListenToThis (Examples of Jewish ethnocentrism)
 * 15:00, 27 Dec 2004 . . RomperRoomReject (rv)
 * 13:47, 27 Dec 2004 . . ListenToThis (Examples of Jewish ethnocentrism - never heard of em)
 * 09:06, 27 Dec 2004 . . RomperRoomReject (Rabbis are learned Jews)
 * 08:47, 27 Dec 2004 . . Jayjg (Examples of Jewish ethnocentrism - removing non-notable quote. Who was Perrin again?)
 * 06:31, 27 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (Retrieving famous ethnocentric quote from the memory hole.)
 * 19:43, 26 Dec 2004 . . Jayjg (Examples of Jewish ethnocentrism - link)
 * 19:40, 26 Dec 2004 . . Jayjg (Examples of Jewish ethnocentrism - no clear link to Bible influence)
 * 16:42, 26 Dec 2004 . . Willmcw (Possible Biblical justification - changed section name, which has nothing to do with Bible)
 * 16:35, 26 Dec 2004 . . Jayjg (Possible Biblical justification - non Bibilical quote by non-notable person - has anyone ever heard of Perrin outside this one quote?)
 * 15:21, 26 Dec 2004 . . Jfdwolff (dablink, fmt, uniform use of case in titles)
 * 13:35, 26 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (POV, moved to talk. You shouldn't be putting forward an argument in the article)
 * 13:16, 26 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (References.)
 * 11:40, 26 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (Original research. Who are these "opponents"? Where do thay make these arguments?)
 * 11:25, 26 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (Ethnic diversity of Judaism.)
 * 15:30, 25 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (googling "jewish ethnocentrism" returns its use on sites such as the "vanguard news network")
 * 15:30, 25 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (googling "jewish ethnocentrism" returns its use on sites such as the "vanguard news network")
 * 12:31, 25 Dec 2004 . . Slrubenstein (Possible Biblical Justification for Jewish Ethnocentrism - deleting an example that is not an example of ethnocentrism)
 * 09:38, 23 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (Counter Arguments)
 * 03:06, 23 Dec 2004 . . IZAK
 * 15:37, 22 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (Counter Arguments)
 * 12:28, 19 Dec 2004 . . Jayjg (Counter Arguments - This is incorrect; a mamzer is the result of an adulterous or incestuous relationship, not the result of an out of wedlock union)
 * 07:06, 19 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (qualification)
 * 06:53, 19 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (Mamzerim.)
 * 05:18, 17 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (a) pov b) response to rape does militate)
 * 02:19, 17 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (Counter-arguments -- rape by outsiders is not sought by a particular group etc.)
 * 06:01, 15 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (Counter Arguments)
 * 05:58, 15 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (This isn't true - Judaism is matralineal, ie all that matters is whether or not your mother is Jewish regardless of the faith of your father.)
 * 05:52, 15 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (Counter Arguments)
 * 05:41, 15 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (Counter Arguments)
 * 01:30, 15 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (Counter arguments.)
 * 11:41, 12 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (mitigate > militate, taxes on Jews.)
 * 11:35, 12 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (Counter Arguments)
 * 11:25, 12 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (Tidying etc.)
 * 11:07, 12 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (for one thing, claim that Jews would no longer exist if they had intermarried is a theory, not a fact)
 * 11:06, 12 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (for one thing, claim that Jews would no longer exist if they had intermarried is a theory, not a fact)
 * 10:27, 12 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (Restoring section.)
 * 07:37, 12 Dec 2004 . . AndyL (Rm pov statements. MacDonald's theory is not a fact and should not be treated as such. Please rewrite.)
 * 04:00, 12 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (Expanding.)
 * 02:32, 11 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (Scientific approaches to alleged Jewish ethnocentrism (top).)
 * 02:31, 11 Dec 2004 . . Jacquerie27 (Scientific approaches to alleged Jewish ethnocentrism.)
 * 17:48, 13 Aug 2004 . . Kate (External links corrections; see User:Kate/extlinks)
 * 16:33, 13 Jul 2004 . . Guanabot (Guanaco - Robot bypassing redirects: Zionist)
 * 17:13, 12 Jul 2004 . . Guanabot (Guanaco - Robot bypassing redirects: Jewish)
 * 21:57, 5 Jul 2004 . . Stevertigo
 * 21:56, 5 Jul 2004 . . Stevertigo (External Link)
 * 05:51, 13 Jun 2004 . . IZAK (Category:Anti-Semitism)
 * 09:25, 1 Mar 2004 . . Alex S (Link to Jews as a Chosen people)
 * 15:46, 25 Jan 2004 . . Snoyes (Reverted to last edit by MyRedDice)
 * 15:43, 25 Jan 2004 . . 66.2.156.84
 * 13:19, 22 Oct 2003 . . MyRedDice (mainstream -> more mainstream)
 * 10:24, 22 Oct 2003 . . Slrubenstein
 * 05:12, 22 Oct 2003 . . 193.60.79.152
 * 05:34, 5 Oct 2003 . . MyRedDice (add para on chosenness (see Talk))
 * 10:06, 7 Aug 2003 . . MyRedDice (lk Jewish view of marriage - a fantastic article)
 * 10:00, 7 Aug 2003 . . MyRedDice (See also: Jewish views of religious pluralism, chosen people (see Talk))
 * 13:00, 29 Jul 2003 . . MyRedDice (*, -"s")
 * 12:59, 29 Jul 2003 . . MyRedDice (rm dup link to Zionism)
 * 02:16, 21 May 2003 . . MyRedDice (re semitism)
 * 06:53, 14 May 2003 . . MyRedDice (reinstating alternative spelling - see talk:semitism)
 * 06:48, 14 May 2003 . . Danny (removed dubious alternative spelling. )
 * 05:26, 14 May 2003 . . MyRedDice (Shemitism - alternate spelling of the word "Semitism")
 * 10:59, 16 Mar 2003 . . MyRedDice (aka "Semitism" (cf SOED))
 * 10:49, 16 Mar 2003 . . TUF-KAT
 * 15:52, 12 Mar 2003 . . RK
 * 08:03, 12 Mar 2003 . . Danny
 * 08:02, 12 Mar 2003 . . Danny (there is actually an article on Porajmos)
 * 07:48, 12 Mar 2003 . . MyRedDice (Jewish ethnicity redirects to "Jew", removing ; also give Ian Hancock as an example)
 * 07:33, 12 Mar 2003 . . MyRedDice ("all other" -> "other")
 * 07:03, 12 Mar 2003 . . Ed Poor (article still sucks, though)
 * 07:01, 12 Mar 2003 . . Ed Poor (copy-edit)
 * 07:01, 12 Mar 2003 . . Ed Poor (more POV attribution: Zionism = ethnocentrism)
 * 13:02, 1 Mar 2003 . . Slrubenstein (deleted section on chosenness, a concept which is not judeocentric)
 * 16:15, 23 Feb 2003 . . RK (Pointing out that much of Reform still does accep the idea of choseness (that was one of the hallmarks of Classic German Reform; the mission to the gentiles))
 * 16:01, 23 Feb 2003 . . Danny (and that's how misquotes get started ... )
 * 15:58, 23 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (name branches of Judaism which are chosen people, per Danny's Talk)
 * 09:52, 23 Feb 2003 . . Danny (at least 2 out of the four reject chosenness explicitly. the other two play around with its definition--see talk)
 * 09:50, 23 Feb 2003 . . Danny (everybody holds that their beliefs are correct. )
 * 08:55, 23 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (put back in a fact that we actually have some agreement on in Talk)
 * 08:53, 23 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (define as "an alleged belief that Jewish cultural traditions and values are correct and superior to all others")
 * 08:43, 23 Feb 2003 . . The Cunctator (Discussion of Jewish ethnicity belongs there, not at Jewish ethnocentrism)
 * 08:36, 23 Feb 2003 . . The Cunctator (Compressing "chosen people" paragraph.)
 * 08:35, 23 Feb 2003 . . The Cunctator (Ethnocentrism is defined in its own entry. It should not be defined here.)
 * 08:29, 23 Feb 2003 . . DanKeshet (even->including)
 * 13:37, 22 Feb 2003 . . Jennifer (intermarriage statistics are controversial)
 * 08:33, 22 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (restoring text on religious pluralism, plus header)
 * 08:30, 22 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (another go at the intro, based on Talk)
 * 07:29, 22 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (how about this intro, RK?)
 * 06:45, 22 Feb 2003 . . RK (Removing the introduction, which was an anti-Semitic lie. sin't anyone here bothered by the non-stop Jew bashing?)
 * 02:21, 22 Feb 2003 . . Ducker (Grrrrr... stupid single quote)
 * 22:21, 21 Feb 2003 . . Jennifer (Reverted The Cunctator's contribution (see talk))
 * 22:13, 21 Feb 2003 . . The Cunctator
 * 22:04, 21 Feb 2003 . . The Cunctator (Refactoring.)
 * 21:06, 21 Feb 2003 . . Koyaanis Qatsi (reverting to 14:24 Feb 21, 2003 state and freezing for the night)
 * 20:53, 21 Feb 2003 . . Danny (Reverted to last edit by Stevertigo)
 * 20:39, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (better to add than to remove information. if you see a POV, fix it.)
 * 20:15, 21 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (Ignorance is not a valid POV - the knife that is your intellect need sharpening - I recommend less khakis and more school...)
 * 20:11, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (facts aren't POV. hiding facts is. if you want NPOV, point to specific facts as being wrong. don't write whitewash)
 * 20:07, 21 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (That was not a merging of material at all... your writing style .....lacks NPOV)
 * 20:03, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (finished incorporating everything; instead of reverting, work forward from this)
 * 20:01, 21 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (Jeezus Clutch, youre obsessed.... get a grip... get out of the house, if you can...)
 * 19:57, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 19:47, 21 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo
 * 19:46, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 19:43, 21 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (tai po)
 * 19:41, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (sp. prejudice)
 * 19:40, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (moving paragraph on the Holocaust towards beginning of article; other cleanups)
 * 19:39, 21 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (tia po)
 * 19:38, 21 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (blah... without the inuendo... "evolution" Clutch?)
 * 19:30, 21 Feb 2003 . . Danny (bolded title.)
 * 19:26, 21 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (Restoring a basic lead - Deleting suspect POV by Clutch)
 * 19:10, 21 Feb 2003 . . Danny
 * 18:56, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (editing last two paragraphs; fixing section heading)
 * 18:49, 21 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (modifying clutch's version, since he asked me to work with him)
 * 18:46, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (restoring NPOV)
 * 18:44, 21 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (rm link to Supersessionism, which is probably relevant to *christian* ethnocentrism, but not Jewish ethnocentrism)
 * 18:28, 21 Feb 2003 . . Danny (Reverted to last edit by 128.193.88.101)
 * 18:22, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (restoring NPOV)
 * 17:44, 21 Feb 2003 . . 128.193.88.101 (reverting)
 * 17:35, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 17:25, 21 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (removed a couple paragraphs at the bottom - I want to see source on that.... )
 * 17:17, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (adding back in the information that was deleted)
 * 17:09, 21 Feb 2003 . . 128.193.88.101 (reverting clutch's drivel)
 * 17:05, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (adding info about Holocaust industry)
 * 17:02, 21 Feb 2003 . . Ducker (glitchy siongle-quote)
 * 16:49, 21 Feb 2003 . . 128.193.88.101 (making article more encyclopedic)
 * 16:47, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 16:43, 21 Feb 2003 . . 128.193.88.101 (bling-bling)
 * 16:36, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (adding in information relevant to the topic; it's no good if it limits itself to a dictionary definition)
 * 16:33, 21 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (revert - It's not clear how an article that doesn't mention the palestinians can slur them in a racist manner)
 * 16:32, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (removing racist smearing of Palestinians)
 * 16:31, 21 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (editing 2nd para - remove reference to Arab-Israeli conflict - the article is controversial enough already...)
 * 16:27, 21 Feb 2003 . . 128.193.88.101 (CLUTCH U WUD BE FUN33 14 U W3R3 N0T L4M3!!!)
 * 16:25, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (Please work forward from this. This one attempts to be neutral. The other is a racist Zionist smear on Palestinians)
 * 16:24, 21 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (Is Judaism judeocentric? Yes and no...)
 * 16:21, 21 Feb 2003 . . 128.193.88.101 (ha-ha clutch you are a funny guy)
 * 16:17, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (Martin, work forward from this. This one attempts to be neutral. The other is a racist Zionist smear on Palestinians)
 * 16:16, 21 Feb 2003 . . 128.193.88.202 (book isn't relevant without the mossad information in the article, add both or remove both)
 * 16:08, 21 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (revert Clutch. Also, reference the Mossad book Cluch likes, which seems relevant here)
 * 16:06, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (making article more encyclopedic)
 * 16:04, 21 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (rm "The term is not exactly defined, nor its validity generally accepted" - see Talk)
 * 15:52, 21 Feb 2003 . . 128.193.88.202 (REVERTING ASSMONKEYISMS)
 * 15:46, 21 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (making article more encyclopedic and informative)
 * 06:24, 21 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (format)
 * 06:23, 21 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (add google search)
 * 06:17, 21 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (copy+paste defn of ethnocentrism from ethnocentrism)
 * 06:08, 21 Feb 2003 . . RK
 * 06:08, 21 Feb 2003 . . RK (See also: Ethnocentrism, Chosen people)
 * 06:06, 21 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice ("highest state" to "ideal state")
 * 06:06, 21 Feb 2003 . . MyRedDice (summary plus link of Jewish view of marriage - check for accuracy, please)
 * 05:43, 21 Feb 2003 . . RK (Restoring the article that Clutch dishonestly deleted. This article still sucks. See the Talk page. And Sysops, please ban Clutch. He *still* is vandalizing this article every few hours.)
 * 19:16, 20 Feb 2003 . . Ericd
 * 18:19, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (One should address the issues raised, instead of pretending they don't exist)
 * 18:09, 20 Feb 2003 . . RK (The original content was removed by Clutch, and replaced with an anti-Semitic rant. Please do not help him. He is a vandal.)
 * 18:08, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (if it is ok to delete this article, it must be ok to delete the "Christian anti-Semitism" and "Islamic anti-Semitism" articles too, right?)
 * 18:02, 20 Feb 2003 . . Ericd (deleting article content is pure junk)
 * 17:56, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (tweaking last paragraph)
 * 17:52, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (Putting back Jimmy Wales revision)
 * 17:41, 20 Feb 2003 . . RK (Deleting Clutch's rants about the Jews.)
 * 17:29, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 17:27, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (No whitewashing; reincorporating Jimmy Whales edits)
 * 16:34, 20 Feb 2003 . . 128.193.88.236 (is this more NPOV?)
 * 16:23, 20 Feb 2003 . . Jimbo Wales (Softening too-bold claim(s) - this article still sucks)
 * 16:18, 20 Feb 2003 . . Jimbo Wales (Reverted to last edit by 128.193.88.236)
 * 14:01, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (anonymous IP's edit labelled "better grammar" actually didn't change grammar at all; it did change the sense of a certain statement dramatically)
 * 13:56, 20 Feb 2003 . . 128.193.88.236
 * 13:28, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 13:27, 20 Feb 2003 . . 128.193.88.236 (better grammar)
 * 12:26, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (rewording a paragraph for NPOV; "fact" => "tendency")
 * 12:25, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (I encourage RK to work the WikiWay, and not just delete the entire contents of articles he doesn't like)
 * 12:24, 20 Feb 2003 . . RK (VANDALISM ALERT. Clutch is STILL filling Wikipedia with anti-Semitic rants. Why do Wikipedia Sysops refuse to ban him? Please, stop this insanity.)
 * 12:22, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (compaign => campaign)
 * 12:20, 20 Feb 2003 . . RK
 * 12:19, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (intermarry with => marry)
 * 12:18, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (regardless of => without reference to)
 * 12:18, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (Reverting a white-wash attempt by an anonymous IP)
 * 12:10, 20 Feb 2003 . . 62.30.150.99
 * 12:09, 20 Feb 2003 . . Snoyes (_actually_ make more neutral (in general I also don't really like this entry - but we should work within the wikipedia system rather than just calling something vandalism ))
 * 12:07, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 12:04, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 11:46, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 11:39, 20 Feb 2003 . . Wesley (copyedits and links)
 * 11:33, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 11:30, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (more npov work)
 * 11:13, 20 Feb 2003 . . 129.240.152.21 (fixed a couple of links. Blargh. someone help npov it a bit more.)
 * 11:12, 20 Feb 2003 . . 129.240.152.21 (tried to npov it a bit. Probably not successful. )
 * 09:30, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (RK is deleting a valid article instead of working on it. If any of the facts in it are wrong, let someone be honest and refute them. Trying to whitewash the truth is not what the Wikipedia is for)
 * 09:27, 20 Feb 2003 . . RK (VANDALISM ALERT. Clutch is STILL filling Wikipedia with anti-Semitic rants. Why do Wikipedia Sysops refuse to ban him? Please, stop this insanity.)
 * 09:25, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 09:24, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (people => citizens)
 * 09:23, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 09:23, 20 Feb 2003 . . RK (Reverting Clutch's vandalism. VANDALISM ALERT. Please ban Clutch; he is a vandal.)
 * 09:22, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 09:20, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (making a general statement more specific)
 * 09:20, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch (just the facts; this article touches on a real issue. RK's previous biased version pretended Judeocentrism doesn't even exist!)
 * 09:13, 20 Feb 2003 . . RK (Deletinc Clutch's anti-Semitic rants. Request to Sysops to delete this article. It has only been used for Jew-bashing. What does this tell you?)
 * 08:57, 20 Feb 2003 . . Clutch
 * 16:58, 18 Feb 2003 . . Jennifer (attempt at NPOV stub)
 * 15:44, 8 Feb 2003 . . Slrubenstein (see talk)
 * 15:43, 8 Feb 2003 . . Martha
 * 10:15, 7 Feb 2003 . . RK (Deleted article. Its sole purpose was to incite anti-Semitism. Wikipedia is not the appropriate forum for anti-Semites to obsess about Jews.)
 * 09:59, 7 Feb 2003 . . Slrubenstein
 * 09:58, 7 Feb 2003 . . Slrubenstein
 * 00:10, 7 Feb 2003 . . ShameOnTerrorists
 * 20:37, 6 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (removing anti-Semitic gabage. "vandalism... vandalism...")
 * 20:35, 6 Feb 2003 . . ShameOnTerrorists
 * 20:35, 6 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (removing anti-Semitic nonsense.)
 * 20:34, 6 Feb 2003 . . ShameOnTerrorists
 * 20:29, 6 Feb 2003 . . Danny (removed nonsense)
 * 20:28, 6 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (Resurrecting my "bias" Judeocentrism in the Judeocentrism article!.. go figure...)
 * 20:22, 6 Feb 2003 . . ShameOnTerrorists (erasing biased view)
 * 20:18, 6 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (stubble growth...)
 * 20:17, 6 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo
 * 20:17, 6 Feb 2003 . . Stevertigo (stubble.)

1st deletion

 * 12:42, 6 Feb 2005 AndyL deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (VfD and attempt to stack vote by Stormfront.)

After deletion

 * 12:48, 6 Feb 2005 . . AndyL

Now, what happened here was that AndyL deleted the article per VfD then recreated it with the following text:

1. REDIRECT ethnocentrism

2nd deletion

 * 12:49, 6 Feb 2005 AndyL deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (content was: '#REDIRECT ethnocentrism')

AndyL then apparently deleted the article again.

Deletion at Jewish Ethnocentrism

 * 12:51, 6 Feb 2005 AndyL deleted Jewish Ethnocentrism (content was: '#REDIRECT Jewish ethnocentrism')

AndyL then deleted an article with the same title, except with the minor capitalization in the E in Ethnocentrism. That page was created by Sam Spade at 10:52, 28 Dec 2004.

3rd deletion

 * 22:11, 12 Feb 2005 Rdsmith4 deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (recreated after being deleted by VFD vote)

Rdsmith4 deleted the article.

Prior to deletion

 * 21:23, 12 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai

Mikkalai recreated the article as a redirect:

1. redirect Culture of Critique

 * 21:52, 12 Feb 2005 . . SlimVirgin (Is this title supposed to exist?)

It was then blanked out by SlimVirgin.

4th deletion
Alright. Now, the next deletion was at:
 * 07:27, 13 Feb 2005 Snowspinner deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (Consensus was to delete article, not redirect it.)

Prior to deletion

 * 22:17, 12 Feb 2005 . . Rdsmith4 (never mind - I deleted this, but it turns out it's just a redirect)

Rdsmith4 restored Mikkalai's version, as can be seen by the edit:

1. REDIRECT Culture of Critique

These are the next three edits:
 * 01:37, 13 Feb 2005 . . Silsor (#REDIRECT Ethnocentrism)
 * 01:44, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (Reverted edits by Silsor to last version by Rdsmith4)
 * 05:55, 13 Feb 2005 . . BM (Redirect to Ethnocentrism. See comments on Talk page.)

As clearly spelled out by the three experienced users, Silsor changed Mikkalai's version to a redirect to Ethnocentrism. Mikkalai then reverted it. Then BM reverted Mikkalai's version.

5th deletion

 * 11:52, 13 Feb 2005 AndyL deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (A VFD has decided to delete this already.)

Prior to deletion

 * 10:31, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai

1. redirect Culture of Critique

 * 10:51, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mel Etitis (deleted content, and added message)

(This page, both content and title, was deleted after a formal VfD debate and vote, and a motion for its undeletion was debated and almost unanimously defeated. It's not wanted on Wikipedia. Once it has been deleted again by an admin., please don't recreate it.) Mel Etitis (Μελ Ετητης) 18:51, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * 11:08, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai

(This page, both content and title, was deleted after a formal VfD debate and vote, and a motion for its undeletion was debated and almost unanimously defeated. It's not wanted on Wikipedia. Once it has been deleted again by an admin., please don't recreate it.) Mel Etitis (Μελ Ετητης) 18:51, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * This deletion by an admin is a violation of wikipedia policy of speedy deletions. Quoting: Reposted content that was deleted according to Wikipedia deletion policy. The aricle with different content was deleted. Please follow the normal procedure, i.e., vote. Mikkalai 19:08, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * 11:09, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai

(This page, both content and title, was deleted after a formal VfD debate and vote, and a motion for its undeletion was debated and almost unanimously defeated. It's not wanted on Wikipedia. Once it has been deleted again by an admin., please don't recreate it.) Mel Etitis (Μελ Ετητης) 18:51, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * This deletion by an admin is a violation of wikipedia policy of speedy deletions. Quoting: Reposted content that was deleted according to Wikipedia deletion policy. The aricle with different content was deleted. Please follow the normal procedure, i.e., vote. Mikkalai 19:08, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * 11:10, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai

(This page, both content and title, was deleted after a formal VfD debate and vote, and a motion for its undeletion was debated and almost unanimously defeated. It's not wanted on Wikipedia. Once it has been deleted again by an admin., please don't recreate it.) Mel Etitis (Μελ Ετητης) 18:51, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * This deletion by an admin is a violation of wikipedia policy of speedy deletions. Quoting from the list of cases: Reposted content that was deleted according to Wikipedia deletion policy. The aricle with different content was deleted. Please follow the normal procedure, i.e., vote. Mikkalai 19:08, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * 11:10, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai

(This page, both content and title, was deleted after a formal VfD debate and vote, and a motion for its undeletion was debated and almost unanimously defeated. It's not wanted on Wikipedia. Once it has been deleted again by an admin., please don't recreate it.) Mel Etitis (Μελ Ετητης) 18:51, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * This deletion by an admin is a violation of wikipedia policy of speedy deletions. Quoting from the list of valid cases: Reposted content that was deleted according to Wikipedia deletion policy. The aricle with different content was deleted. Please follow the normal procedure, i.e., vote. Mikkalai 19:08, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * 11:12, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (content moved to talk. You violated the policy of speedy deletions.)

1. redirect Culture of critique

 * 11:16, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mel Etitis (rv to last correct version)

(This page, both content and title, was deleted after a formal VfD debate and vote, and a motion for its undeletion was debated and almost unanimously defeated. It's not wanted on Wikipedia. Once it has been deleted again by an admin., please don't recreate it.) Mel Etitis (Μελ Ετητης) 18:51, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * 11:18, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (you are blatantly violating deletion policy guys.)

Jewish etnhocentrism is a particular case of ethnocentrism. Some authors, notably Kevin B. MacDonald in his Culture of critique claims that Jewish ethnocentrism played a significant role in survival of Jews as distinct people.

See also

 * Afrocentrism
 * Americentrism
 * Eurocentrism
 * Sinocentrism

 * 11:19, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai

Jewish etnhocentrism is a particular case of ethnocentrism. Some authors, notably Kevin B. MacDonald in his Culture of critique, claim that Jewish ethnocentrism played a significant role in survival of Jews as distinct people.

See also

 * Afrocentrism
 * Americentrism
 * Eurocentrism
 * Sinocentrism

 * 11:20, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai

Jewish etnhocentrism is a particular case of ethnocentrism. Some authors, notably Kevin B. MacDonald in his Culture of critique, claim that Jewish ethnocentrism played a significant role in survival of Jews as distinct people.

See also

 * Afrocentrism
 * Americentrism
 * Eurocentrism
 * Sinocentrism

 * 11:21, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai

Jewish etnhocentrism is a particular case of ethnocentrism. Some authors, notably Kevin B. MacDonald in his Culture of critique, claim that Jewish ethnocentrism played a significant role in survival of Jews as distinct people.

See also

 * Afrocentrism
 * Americentrism
 * Eurocentrism
 * Sinocentrism

 * 11:23, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mel Etitis

 * 11:25, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (Reverted edits by Mel Etitis to last version by Mikkalai)

Jewish etnhocentrism is a particular case of ethnocentrism. Some authors, notably Kevin B. MacDonald in his Culture of critique, claim that Jewish ethnocentrism played a significant role in survival of Jews as distinct people.

See also

 * Afrocentrism
 * Americentrism
 * Eurocentrism
 * Sinocentrism

 * 11:29, 13 Feb 2005 . . Jnc (Article was deleted per vote on VfD. Stop re-creating it.)

 Protection log reference:
 * 11:30, 13 Feb 2005 Jnc protected Jewish ethnocentrism (Deleted per vote on VfD, people keep re-creating it, blanking, protecting)

 * 11:30, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (this is not re-creation. This is a totally different article, about the existing term)

Jewish etnhocentrism is a particular case of ethnocentrism. Some authors, notably Kevin B. MacDonald in his Culture of critique, claim that Jewish ethnocentrism played a significant role in survival of Jews as distinct people.

See also

 * Afrocentrism
 * Americentrism
 * Eurocentrism
 * Sinocentrism

 * 11:34, 13 Feb 2005 . . Jnc (Reblank)

Protection log reference:
 * 11:35, 13 Feb 2005 Jnc protected Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/Jewish ethnocentrism/previous (Prevent vandalism by people who keep re-creating the page)

Protection log reference:
 * 11:37, 13 Feb 2005 Mikkalai unprotected Jewish ethnocentrism (protected with violation of rules: by atricle's editor)

 * 11:37, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (rv. This is a *new* article. Protecting an article by an editor is still another violation of policy.)

Jewish etnhocentrism is a particular case of ethnocentrism. Some authors, notably Kevin B. MacDonald in his Culture of critique, claim that Jewish ethnocentrism played a significant role in survival of Jews as distinct people.

See also

 * Afrocentrism
 * Americentrism
 * Eurocentrism
 * Sinocentrism

 * 11:38, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mel Etitis

The content of the article was deleted according to Votes for deletion/Jewish ethnocentrism/previous.

 * 11:40, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (restore. removal of a VfD is a violation of wikipedia policy)

Jewish etnhocentrism is a particular case of ethnocentrism. Some authors, notably Kevin B. MacDonald in his Culture of critique, claim that Jewish ethnocentrism played a significant role in survival of Jews as distinct people.

See also

 * Afrocentrism
 * Americentrism
 * Eurocentrism
 * Sinocentrism

6th deletion and beyond
The clarification from this point will be log interjections and content posts.

 * 11:53, 13 Feb 2005 . . AndyL

test

 * 11:54, 13 Feb 2005 . . AndyL

Protection log reference:
 * 11:54, 13 Feb 2005 AndyL protected Jewish ethnocentrism (attempts to recreate page deleted by VfD)

Deletion log reference:
 * 11:55, 13 Feb 2005 AndyL deleted Jewish ethnocentrism

Deletion log reference:
 * 11:58, 13 Feb 2005 Mikkalai restored "Jewish ethnocentrism"

Deletion log reference:
 * 11:58, 13 Feb 2005 Mikkalai restored "Jewish ethnocentrism"

 * 11:59, 13 Feb 2005 . . Mikkalai (blanking and deleting of an article ith new content is violation of policies)

Jewish etnhocentrism is a particular case of ethnocentrism. Some authors, notably Kevin B. MacDonald in his Culture of critique, claim that Jewish ethnocentrism played a significant role in survival of Jews as distinct people.

See also

 * Afrocentrism
 * Americentrism
 * Eurocentrism
 * Sinocentrism

Protection log reference:
 * 12:02, 13 Feb 2005 AndyL protected Jewish ethnocentrism (VFD succeeded to delete)

 * 12:03, 13 Feb 2005 . . AndyL

Category:Deleted pages

Deletion log reference:
 * 12:04, 13 Feb 2005 Curps deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (deleted as per VfD and VfU consensus.)

Deletion log reference:
 * 12:04, 13 Feb 2005 Mikkalai restored "Jewish ethnocentrism"

 * 12:05, 13 Feb 2005 . . AndyL

Deletion log reference:
 * 12:06, 13 Feb 2005 Mikkalai deleted Jewish ethnocentrism (content was: ' ')

From Edit History:
 * (cur) (last) 12:09, 13 Feb 2005 AndyL

Protection log reference:
 * 12:09, 13 Feb 2005 AndyL protected Jewish ethnocentrism (recreaed after VFD)

Protection log reference:
 * 12:11, 13 Feb 2005 Jnc unprotected Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/Jewish ethnocentrism/previous (Well, there's no point protecting this then)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Automated planning and scheduling

Automated planning and scheduling, sometimes denoted as simply AI planning, is a branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realization of strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles. Unlike classical control and classification problems, the solutions are complex and must be discovered and optimized in multidimensional space. Planning is also related to decision theory.

In known environments with available models, planning can be done offline. Solutions can be found and evaluated prior to execution. In dynamically unknown environments, the strategy often needs to be revised online. Models and policies must be adapted. Solutions usually resort to iterative trial and error processes commonly seen in artificial intelligence. These include dynamic programming, reinforcement learning and combinatorial optimization. Languages used to describe planning and scheduling are often called action languages.

Overview
Given a description of the possible initial states of the world, a description of the desired goals, and a description of a set of possible actions, the planning problem is to synthesize a plan that is guaranteed (when applied to any of the initial states) to generate a state which contains the desired goals (such a state is called a goal state).

The difficulty of planning is dependent on the simplifying assumptions employed. Several classes of planning problems can be identified depending on the properties the problems have in several dimensions.
 * Are the actions deterministic or non-deterministic? For nondeterministic actions, are the associated probabilities available?
 * Are the state variables discrete or continuous? If they are discrete, do they have only a finite number of possible values?
 * Can the current state be observed unambiguously? There can be full observability and partial observability.
 * How many initial states are there, finite or arbitrarily many?
 * Do actions have a duration?
 * Can several actions be taken concurrently, or is only one action possible at a time?
 * Is the objective of a plan to reach a designated goal state, or to maximize a reward function?
 * Is there only one agent or are there several agents? Are the agents cooperative or selfish? Do all of the agents construct their own plans separately, or are the plans constructed centrally for all agents?

The simplest possible planning problem, known as the Classical Planning Problem, is determined by: Since the initial state is known unambiguously, and all actions are deterministic, the state of the world after any sequence of actions can be accurately predicted, and the question of observability is irrelevant for classical planning.
 * a unique known initial state,
 * durationless actions,
 * deterministic actions,
 * which can be taken only one at a time,
 * and a single agent.

Further, plans can be defined as sequences of actions, because it is always known in advance which actions will be needed.

With nondeterministic actions or other events outside the control of the agent, the possible executions form a tree, and plans have to determine the appropriate actions for every node of the tree.

Discrete-time Markov decision processes (MDP) are planning problems with:
 * durationless actions,
 * nondeterministic actions with probabilities,
 * full observability,
 * maximization of a reward function,
 * and a single agent.

When full observability is replaced by partial observability, planning corresponds to a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP).

If there are more than one agent, we have multi-agent planning, which is closely related to game theory.

Domain independent planning
In AI planning, planners typically input a domain model (a description of a set of possible actions which model the domain) as well as the specific problem to be solved specified by the initial state and goal, in contrast to those in which there is no input domain specified. Such planners are called "domain independent" to emphasize the fact that they can solve planning problems from a wide range of domains. Typical examples of domains are block-stacking, logistics, workflow management, and robot task planning. Hence a single domain-independent planner can be used to solve planning problems in all these various domains. On the other hand, a route planner is typical of a domain-specific planner.

Planning domain modelling languages
The most commonly used languages for representing planning domains and specific planning problems, such as STRIPS and PDDL for Classical Planning, are based on state variables. Each possible state of the world is an assignment of values to the state variables, and actions determine how the values of the state variables change when that action is taken. Since a set of state variables induce a state space that has a size that is exponential in the set, planning, similarly to many other computational problems, suffers from the curse of dimensionality and the combinatorial explosion.

An alternative language for describing planning problems is that of hierarchical task networks, in which a set of tasks is given, and each task can be either realized by a primitive action or decomposed into a set of other tasks. This does not necessarily involve state variables, although in more realistic applications state variables simplify the description of task networks.

Classical planning

 * forward chaining state space search, possibly enhanced with heuristics
 * backward chaining search, possibly enhanced by the use of state constraints (see STRIPS, graphplan)
 * partial-order planning

Reduction to other problems

 * reduction to the propositional satisfiability problem (satplan).
 * reduction to model checking - both are essentially problems of traversing state spaces, and the classical planning problem corresponds to a subclass of model checking problems.

Temporal planning
Temporal planning can be solved with methods similar to classical planning. The main difference is, because of the possibility of several, temporally overlapping actions with a duration being taken concurrently, that the definition of a state has to include information about the current absolute time and how far the execution of each active action has proceeded. Further, in planning with rational or real time, the state space may be infinite, unlike in classical planning or planning with integer time. Temporal planning is closely related to scheduling problems when uncertainty is involved and can also be understood in terms of timed automata. The Simple Temporal Network with Uncertainty (STNU) is a scheduling problem which involves controllable actions, uncertain events and temporal constraints. Dynamic Controllability for such problems is a type of scheduling which requires a temporal planning strategy to activate controllable actions reactively as uncertain events are observed so that all constraints are guaranteed to be satisfied.

Probabilistic planning
Probabilistic planning can be solved with iterative methods such as value iteration and policy iteration, when the state space is sufficiently small. With partial observability, probabilistic planning is similarly solved with iterative methods, but using a representation of the value functions defined for the space of beliefs instead of states.

Preference-based planning
In preference-based planning, the objective is not only to produce a plan but also to satisfy user-specified preferences. A difference to the more common reward-based planning, for example corresponding to MDPs, preferences don't necessarily have a precise numerical value.

Conditional planning
Deterministic planning was introduced with the STRIPS planning system, which is a hierarchical planner. Action names are ordered in a sequence and this is a plan for the robot. Hierarchical planning can be compared with an automatic generated behavior tree. The disadvantage is, that a normal behavior tree is not so expressive like a computer program. That means, the notation of a behavior graph contains action commands, but no loops or if-then-statements. Conditional planning overcomes the bottleneck and introduces an elaborated notation which is similar to a control flow, known from other programming languages like Pascal. It is very similar to program synthesis, which means a planner generates sourcecode which can be executed by an interpreter.

An early example of a conditional planner is “Warplan-C” which was introduced in the mid 1970s. What is the difference between a normal sequence and a complicated plan, which contains if-then-statements? It has to do with uncertainty at runtime of a plan. The idea is that a plan can react to sensor signals which are unknown for the planner. The planner generates two choices in advance. For example, if an object was detected, then action A is executed, if an object is missing, then action B is executed. A major advantage of conditional planning is the ability to handle partial plans. An agent is not forced to plan everything from start to finish but can divide the problem into chunks. This helps to reduce the state space and solves much more complex problems.

Contingency planning
We speak of "contingent planning" when the environment is observable through sensors, which can be faulty. It is thus a situation where the planning agent acts under incomplete information. For a contingent planning problem, a plan is no longer a sequence of actions but a decision tree because each step of the plan is represented by a set of states rather than a single perfectly observable state, as in the case of classical planning. The selected actions depend on the state of the system. For example, if it rains, the agent chooses to take the umbrella, and if it doesn't, they may choose not to take it.

Michael L. Littman showed in 1998 that with branching actions, the planning problem becomes EXPTIME-complete. A particular case of contiguous planning is represented by FOND problems - for "fully-observable and non-deterministic". If the goal is specified in LTLf (linear time logic on finite trace) then the problem is always EXPTIME-complete and 2EXPTIME-complete if the goal is specified with LDLf.

Conformant planning
Conformant planning is when the agent is uncertain about the state of the system, and it cannot make any observations. The agent then has beliefs about the real world, but cannot verify them with sensing actions, for instance. These problems are solved by techniques similar to those of classical planning, but where the state space is exponential in the size of the problem, because of the uncertainty about the current state. A solution for a conformant planning problem is a sequence of actions. Haslum and Jonsson have demonstrated that the problem of conformant planning is EXPSPACE-complete, and 2EXPTIME-complete when the initial situation is uncertain, and there is non-determinism in the actions outcomes.

Deployment of planning systems

 * The Hubble Space Telescope uses a short-term system called SPSS and a long-term planning system called Spike.

title: Automated planning and scheduling


text:
Grammy Award for Best Immersive Audio Album

The Grammy Award for Best Immersive Audio Album (until 2018: Best Surround Sound Album) was first awarded in 2005, as the first category in a new "Surround Sound" field.

This field currently holds the Best Immersive Audio Album award as its sole category.

It is one of a few categories which are open to both classical and non-classical recordings, new or re-issued. To qualify for this category, the recording must be in surround quality (with a minimum of four channels). The recordings must be commercially available on either DVD-Audio, DVD-Video, Blu-ray, SACD, surround download or a streaming-only version. The award goes to the engineer, mastering engineer (if any) and producer. These used to be called Surround Engineer, Surround Mastering Engineer and Surround Sound Producer, respectively, but from 2020 the descriptions are Immersive Audio Engineer, Immersive Audio Mastering Engineer and Immersive Audio Producer, respectively. Performing artists do not receive the award, except if they are also the surround (mastering) engineer or the surround sound producer.

The category was renamed Best Immersive Audio Album for the 2019 Grammy season. According to NARAS, "driven by the technological side of music evolution, the Best Surround Sound Album category [was] renamed Best Immersive Audio Album. The same goes for the Field to which it belongs. The change reflects evolving technology, new formats, and current industry trends, practices, and language."

On November 24, 2020, during the announcement of the nominations for the 63rd Grammy Awards, to be presented on January 31, 2021, the Recording Academy said there would be no winner or nominees in this category that year. "Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Best Immersive Audio Album Craft Committee was unable to meet. The judging of the entries in this category has been postponed until such time that we are able to meet in a way that is appropriate to judge the many formats and configurations of the entries and is safe for the committee members. The nominations for the 63rd Grammy's will be announced next year [2021] in addition to (and separately from) the 64th Grammy nominations in the category", the Academy stated. On November 23,2021, at the presentation of the nominations for the 64th Grammy Awards, the nominations for the previous year were finally announced. The winning recording was announced on the 64th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony.

Winners and nominees
2023Legend:

* = Surround Mix Engineer (from 2020: Immersive Audio Engineer; from 2023: Immersive Mix Engineer)

† = Surround Mastering Engineer (from 2020: Immersive Audio Mastering Engineer; from 2023: Immersive Mastering Engineer)

‡ = Surround Producer (from 2020: Immersive Audio Producer; from 2023: Immersive Producer)

Legend:

* = Surround Mix Engineer (from 2020: Immersive Audio Engineer, from 2023: Immersive Mix Engineer)

† = Surround Mastering Engineer (from 2020: Immersive Audio Mastering Engineer, from 2023: Immersive Mastering Engineer)

‡ = Surround Producer (from 2020: Immersive Audio Producer, from 2023: Immersive Producer)


text:
The Real Lincoln

The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War is a biography of Abraham Lincoln written by Thomas J. DiLorenzo, a former professor of economics at Loyola University Maryland, in 2002. He was severely critical of Lincoln's United States presidency.

Summary
DiLorenzo criticizes Lincoln for the suspension of habeas corpus, violations of the First Amendment, war crimes committed by generals in the American Civil War, and the expansion of government power. He argues that Lincoln's views on race exhibited forms of bigotry that are commonly overlooked today, such as belief in white racial superiority, against miscegenation, and even against black men being jurors. He says that Lincoln instigated the American Civil War not over slavery but rather to centralize power and to enforce the strongly protectionist Morrill Tariff; similarly, he criticizes Lincoln for his strong support of Henry Clay's American System economic plan. DiLorenzo regards Lincoln as the political and ideological heir of Alexander Hamilton, and contends that Lincoln achieved by the use of armed force the centralized state which Hamilton failed to create in the early years of the United States.

DiLorenzo's negative view of Lincoln is explicitly derived from his anarcho-capitalist views. He considers Lincoln to have opened the way to later instances of government involvement in the American economy, for example Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, of which DiLorenzo strongly disapproves. DiLorenzo objects to historians who described Lincoln as having carried out "a capitalist revolution", since in DiLorenzo's view protectionist policies such as Lincoln strongly advocated and implemented "are not true Capitalism." In DiLorenzo's explicitly expressed view, only free trade policies are truly capitalist –a distinction not shared by most economists and political scientists. DiLorenzo declares protectionism and mercantilism to be one the same, using the two as interchangeable and frequently talking of "Lincoln's Mercantilist policies". In general, academics do not regard protectionism and mercantilism as being identical, at most regarding the two as having some common features.

In the foreword to DiLorenzo's book, Walter E. Williams, a professor of economics at George Mason University, says that "Abraham Lincoln's direct statements indicated his support for slavery," and adds that he "defended slave owners' right to own their property" by supporting the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

Reception
Herman Belz reviewed DiLorenzo's book together with Charles Adams's When in the Course of Human Events: Arguing the Case for Southern Secession, and claimed that it quoted Lincoln out of context, saying:

"with respect to the books under review, there is a temptation for writers oblivious to the requirements of historical scholarship to treat Lincoln's speeches and writings as a polemical grab bag from which to select materials, abstracted from their historical context, that can be used to present Lincoln in an unfavorable light. Thomas J. DiLorenzo and Charles Adams, writing from the point of view that in academic economics is labeled anarcho-capitalist libertarianism, scavenge the documentary record in an attempt to show Lincoln as a revolutionary centralizer who used national sovereignty to establish corporate-mercantilist hegemony at the expense of genuine economic liberty."

He says they have a "simple-minded understanding of the relationship between politics and economics, between moral ends and productive entrepreneurial activity." He also noted that "these not very scholarly books" were of most interest for "their reflection of recent trends in Civil War historiography. Two developments stand out. The first is radicalization of the interrelated issues of slavery, civil rights, and race relations. The second development is a revival of interest in secession as a solution to the problem of government centralization."

Reviewing for The Independent Review, Richard M. Gamble noted that DiLorenzo's book "manages to raise fresh and morally probing questions" and that it "exposes Lincoln's embarrassing views on race, his ambition for economic nationalism, his rewriting of the history of the founding of the nation, his cavalier violation of constitutional limits on the presidency, and his willingness to wage a barbaric total war to achieve his ends". But, Gamble notes that The Real Lincoln "is seriously compromised by careless errors of fact, misuse of sources, and faulty documentation," which taken all together "constitute a near-fatal threat to DiLorenzo's credibility as a historian."

Gamble listed numerous fallacies of the book as follows: "Thomas Jefferson was not among the framers of the Constitution (pp. 69–70); Lincoln advised sending freed slaves to Liberia in a speech in 1854, not "during the war" (pp. 16–17); Lincoln was not a member of the Illinois state legislature in 1857 (p. 18); the commerce clause was not an "amendment,"; Thaddeus Stevens was a Pennsylvania representative, not a senator (p. 140); and Fort Sumter was not a customs house (p. 242)." Additionally: "In chapter 3, DiLorenzo claims that in a letter to Salmon P. Chase, Lincoln "admitted that the original [Emancipation] proclamation had no legal justification, except as a war measure" (p. 37). His source, however, is the recollections of a conversation (not a letter) that portrait artist Francis Bicknell Carpenter (not Chase) had with Lincoln, and at no point do these recollections sustain DiLorenzo's summary of them. Moreover, in the reference for this section, DiLorenzo misidentifies the title of his source as Paul Angle's The American Reader, when in fact the jumbled material comes from Angle's The Lincoln Reader." He also notes that DiLorenzo claims, for example, "that in the four years between 1860 and 1864, population in the thirteen largest Northern cities rose by 70 percent" (p. 225)." Gamble checks the source and finds it says that total rate of growth took place over 15 years.

Historian Brian Dirck said that few Civil War scholars take DiLorenzo seriously, pointing to his "narrow political agenda and faulty research".

Ken Masugi of the Claremont Institute wrote in National Review that "DiLorenzo frequently distorts the meaning of the primary sources he cites, Lincoln most of all." Masugi provides the following example:

"Consider this inflammatory assertion: "Eliminating every last black person from American soil, Lincoln proclaimed, would be 'a glorious consummation. Compare the nuances and qualifications in what Lincoln actually said: "If as the friends of colonization hope, the present and coming generations of our countrymen shall by any means, succeed in freeing our land from the dangerous presence of slavery; and, at the same time, in restoring a captive people to their long-lost father-land, with bright prospects for the future; and this too, so gradually, that neither races nor individuals shall have suffered by the change, it will indeed be a glorious consummation." One need not be a Lincoln admirer to recognize that DiLorenzo is making an unfair characterization. DiLorenzo actually gets so overwrought that at one point he attributes to Lincoln racist views Lincoln was attacking."

Masugi further asserts that DiLorenzo failed to recognize "a disunited America might have become prey for the designs of European imperial powers, which would have put an end to the experiment in self-government."

DiLorenzo responded saying that Masugi was selective in his presentation about Lincoln and "relies entirely on a few of Lincoln's prettier speeches, ignoring his less attractive ones as well as his actual behavior." He concluded that Lincoln used his considerable rhetorical skills to camouflage his true intentions and mask his behavior.

Ken Whitefield noted that:

"DiLorenzo enumerates various other 19th Century nations which abolished slavery without resorting to civil war – which is true. He points out that a small percentage of the money and resources spent on the Civil War would have sufficed to compensate all slave owners and provide land to all released slaves – and the numbers certainly back him up. But DiLorenzo also praises and idealizes the pre-1861 structure of the United States, as a confederation of virtually independent entities – each of which had a recognized right of secession of which it could make use, or threaten to use, at any time. What DiLorenzo persistently refuses to do is to link up these two issues - which were in reality very tightly bound up with each other. As even the most superficial student of pre-1861 American politics knows, there was no greater taboo than suggesting that the Federal government touch slavery in the South in any way or manner whatsoever. There was no way the South would have allowed any President or Congress to spend a single tax-payers' Dollar for compensating slave-owners. For much less than that they several times threatened to secede, for much less than that they finally did secede. In short - the reason why the US, alone of all slave-holding nations, needed to go through a terrible civil war in order to end slavery is that the system of entrenched States' Rights made it impossible to do it any other way. For the slaves to be free, Lincoln had to smash States' Rights by main force - there was no other way. True, in doing that Lincoln had various other agendas beside slavery, agendas which were more important to him than slavery; there can hardly be any debate on that, since Lincoln himself said so repeatedly at the time itself. Still, ultimately it was Lincoln who liberated the slaves. It was done in a terribly painful way, because the South had firmly blocked the less painful ways."

Writing in 2013 about DiLorenzo's book and the work of other "Lincoln haters", Rich Lowry said:

"The anti-Lincolnites hate that the North instituted a progressive income tax; they never bother to complain that the Confederacy did the same. They hate that Lincoln suspended habeas corpus; they never note that Jefferson Davis did, too. They hate that the North resorted to a draft; they don't care that the Confederacy also had one. They hate that Lincoln fought a war against his countrymen; it evidently never occurs to them that Jefferson Davis shot back (let alone that he fired the first shot)."

title: The Real Lincoln


text:
Sequence (game)

Sequence is an abstract strategy tabletop party game. Sequence was invented by Douglas Reuter and Hamish. They originally called the game Sequence Five. He spent years developing the concept, and, in June 1981, granted Jax Ltd. an exclusive license to manufacture, distribute and sell the board game Sequence and its subsequent variations. The game was first sold in a retail store in 1982. In 2017, Goliath Game Company bought Jax, and in early 2018 also bought all licensor rights and now owns 100% of the game Sequence. Doug Reuter is acknowledged as the inventor of Sequence on all newly produced copies of the game - both on the box and in the printed rules.

Objective
The object of the game is to form a row of five poker chips, called a sequence, on the board by placing the chips on the board spaces corresponding to cards played from the player's hand.

Equipment
Playing Board 19+3/4 x; Instructions; 135 poker chips (50 blue, 50 green, 35 red); two full standard card decks (52 cards each, 104 cards total; may also contain jokers).

Game rules
Sequence can be played with 2 to 12 players. If there are more than three players, all players have to be divided evenly into two or three teams before the start of the game (The game cannot be played with 5, 7, or 11 players). With two teams, players alternate their physical positions with opponents around the playing surface. With three teams, players of a team must be positioned at every third player around the playing surface.

The game board is placed on a flat surface (such as the floor or a table) with enough room to allow for the game board, the draw deck, the discard pile(s) and marker chips. The jokers, if any, are removed from the deck as they are not used in the game.

To decide who goes first, all the cards are shuffled into a single deck. Each player cuts the deck by taking as many card from the deck as they want, then flips their card stack over. The player with the lowest card becomes the dealer, and the cards are shuffled again. Each player or team then chooses a set of poker chips; all members of each team share chips of the same color (Blue and green chips are always used, while red chips are only used for three-player or three-team games).

The number of cards dealt to each player varies by the number of people playing:
 * Two players: Seven cards each
 * Three or four players: Six cards each
 * Six players: Five cards each
 * Eight or nine players: Four cards each
 * Ten or twelve players: Three cards each

Each card is pictured twice on the game board, and Jacks (while necessary for game strategy) do not appear on the board.

The player to the left of the dealer goes first.

On their turn, the player chooses a card from their hand to play, then places a marker chip on one of the corresponding spaces of the game board (Example: An Ace of Diamonds is played from a player's hand; that player places a chip on the Ace of Diamonds on the board). Jacks have special powers. Two-Eyed Jacks are considered wild cards and may be used to place a chip on any open space on the board. One-Eyed Jacks allow whoever played one to remove an opponent's chip from a space. Players may use the Two-Eyed Jacks to complete a row or block an opponent, while One-Eyed Jacks can remove an opponent's advantage. One-Eyed Jacks cannot be used to remove a marker chip that is already part of a completed sequence; once a sequence is achieved by a player or team, it stands.

Each played card then goes face-up into a "Discard" pile. At the end of their turn, the player draws a new card from the draw deck, after which play passes to the player to the left.

A player may place chips on either of the appropriate card spaces as long as it is not already covered by a marker chip of any color.

If a player has a card which does not have an open space on the game board, the card is considered "dead" and may be discarded during that player's turn. The player then draws a new card from the draw deck before proceeding with normal play.

Strategy
Each corner of the board has a "Free" space that all players can use to their advantage. This space acts as if it has a chip of each color on it at all times.

To form rows, chips may be placed vertically, horizontally or diagonally. Each complete row of five (or four and a free corner space) is counted as a sequence. Sequences of the same color may intersect, but only at a single position.

Sequence rules dictate no table talk or coaching between team members and a precise order in which hands must be played (card, chip, replace card). If a player forgets to replace a card on their turn and if any of the other players points it out then, they cannot make it up in a later one and must continue playing the game with a reduced number of cards.

In a two-player or two-team game, the sequences required to win the game can be made to overlap with each other, resulting in two sequences formed by nine chips instead of ten. This is because the rules explicitly state that players may use any one of the chips from their own first sequence as part of a second one. A straight row of nine chips also counts as two sequences.

Winning
The game ends when a player or team completes a set number of sequences. In a two-player or two-team game, the number of sequences needed to win is two, while in a three-player or three-team game, only one sequence is needed to win the game.

If no one in the end manages to make the target number of sequences, the game ends in a draw.

If a player makes a sequence of 5 in a row, the game ends immediately with a win for that player.

Unofficial house rules
A common alternative to standard Sequence game play is to go past the minimal number of sequences to win. Players compete to fill the entire board with complete sequences of five chips (in each player's preferred color). Keep score of one point per sequence created. Different from standard game play, chips from completed sequences may be removed to prevent opponents from scoring. For added difficulty, players may opt not to reshuffle the deck when it runs out of cards. Game play ends when the board is filled and no additional moves are possible. To declare a winner, points are tallied up for each player or team. Whoever has the most points wins the game.

Sequence can also be integrated into a drinking game for adults, where each player picks one (or two) number or face cards. Each time any of the chosen cards is discarded, by any player, the player who chose it has to drink. Last man standing (or the person who wins via the usual way) wins.

Rulebook house rules
An optional rule in the rulebook requires the player forming a sequence on the board to announce it. If left unannounced, that row will not be considered a completed sequence until the player or team's next turn, during which they can announce the sequence.

A game play variation allows pairs that become trapped by placing a chip of own color on each side of a pair of a single opponent to be removed from the board. One of three or more are not an option, but two, not a part of a sequence can be stolen by an opponent. Additionally, this allows for another option to win, namely by capturing any five pairs of any opponent.

Another variation of the original rules is called the "corner rule". Instead of corners being free places, a team may put their color token in the corner by choosing to skip their turn. This only happens when four of their color are lined up against a corner. Another team may block by putting their token there if they have a two-eyed jack. This variation has become popular since 2010, because players felt like a small rule tweak was needed. The corner rule started as an unofficial variation, but has since been embraced by the game designer and now becomes an official rule variation also used in some championships.

Official variations
Sequence comes in several versions, including Sequence – States and Capitals; Sequence Numbers; Sequence 25th Anniversary Edition; Jumbo Sequence; Travel Sequence; Sequence Deluxe Edition; and Sequence for Kids. The major difference between the different Sequence versions is the game board sizes, shapes, and themes.

Sequence Dice
Sequence Dice is a spin-off of the Sequence board game. Instead of cards, the game uses a pair of dice. The object of Sequence Dice is to be the first player or team to connect a "sequence" of five chips in a row on the board, just as in the original game. However, a player or team only has to achieve one sequence in order to win instead of the two sometimes needed in the original, and in a two-player or two-team game, the required sequence consists of six chips in a row instead of five. In addition, a player may replace an opponent's chip with one of own color by rolling a number, but only when all four spaces for that number are already occupied. With the addition of this rule, the game does not end when the board is full.

The board displays four interlocking arrangements of the numerals 3 to 9, along with pictures of dice. The four corner spaces on the board depict dice arranged in a "snake eyes" pattern, i.e. displaying one and one. The four spaces in the center of the board depict dice showing a "boxcars" pattern or a double-six. There are also three special rolls:
 * Rolling a 10 allows the player to remove an opponent's chip from the board
 * Rolling an 11 allows the player to add a chip of own color to any open space on the board
 * Rolling a 2 or 12 allows the player to take another turn immediately after adding a chip to any designated space on the board

Legal issues
During a series of legal disputes, Douglas Reuter claimed Jax violated its licensing agreement which would provide grounds for contract termination. In response, Jax denied any violation. Meanwhile, both sides continue to profit from game sales. Jax garners 80 percent of its revenue from Sequence; Reuter receives a royalty on sales of Sequence. Mr. Reuter has also started a new game company called, "Game Inventors of America," which is located in Corinth, Texas.

Unauthorized variations of Sequence have appeared many times over the years. Names of the unauthorized versions include, "One-Eyed Jack," "Jack Foolery," and "Jack Off." In "One-Eyed Jack," the board is constructed using actual playing cards. A small group from Sanpete County, Utah claims to have created a similar game prior to Sequence called "Rooker" using Rook cards but were unsuccessful in securing a patent first.

In March 2015, Jax Ltd. filed a legal claim against independent video game developer Iridium Studios over the name of their rhythm video game titled Sequence. Not wanting to pay legal fees challenging the claim, the video game developer promptly renamed their game to Before the Echo.

Reviews

 * 1986 Games 100

title: Sequence (game)


text:
User:Curps/Sandbox4

Abracadabrally: Abracadabrally

Vasily Pavlovich Aksyonov (Russian: Василий Павлович Аксёнов, born August 20, 1932 in Kazan) is a Russian novelist who began his career in the Soviet era. He is known in the West as the author of The Burn (Russian: "Ожог" - Ozhog, 1975) and the critically acclaimed Generations of winter (Russian: "Московская сага", Moskovkaya saga, 1992), a family saga depicting three generations of the Gradov family in 1925–1953.

His other novels are Colleagues ("Коллеги" - Kollegi, 1960); Star Ticket ("Звёздный билет" - Zvyozdny bilet, 1961); Oranges from Morocco ("Апельсины из Марокко" - Apel'siny iz Marokko, 1963); It's Time, My Friend, It's Time ("Пора, мой друг, пора" - Pora, moy drug, pora, 1964); It's a Pity You Weren't with Us ("Жаль, что вас не было с нами" - Zhal', chto vas ne bylo s nami, 1965); Overstocked Packaging Barrels ("Затоваренная бочкотара" - Zatovarennaya bochkotara, 1968); In Search of a Genre ("В поисках жанра" - V poiskakh zhanra, 1972); The Island of Crimea ("Остров Крым" - "Ostrov Krym", 1979); In Search of Melancholy Baby ("В поисках грустного бэби" - V poiskakh grustnogo bebi, 1987); Yolk of the Egg (written in English, 1989); The New Sweet Style ("Новый сладостный стиль" - Novy sladostny stil', 1998); Voltairian Men and Women ("Вольтерьянцы и вольтерьянки" - Volteryantsy i volteryanki, 2004 - won the Russian Booker Prize).

He is a son of Yevgenia Ginzburg.

C'est déjà ça!

From 2001 – 2004, the average temperature was −40° ± 5 — the same temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius — which caused “ice” to form on our… ‘eyelids’. We looked left (←), right (→), up (↑) and down (↓) and then we double-checked and looked right again (⇒), before we realized we couldn't see anything because our eyes were frozen shut. So we bought a Dagger™ dagger (†) for € 50 to cut a hole in the ice and soak our heads.

Ukmergė (Polish Wiłkomierz) is a town in Vilnius County, Lithuania, situated northwest of Vilnius.

lv:Ukmerģe pl:Wiłkomierz ru:Укмерге

50km² and 5000m³ and footnote¹

pl:Wiłkomierz

In some major Latvian cities (e.g. Daugavpils and Rēzekne) Latvians are even outnumbered by Russians and other minorities. Minorities from other countries such as Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania etc. also live in Latvia. The ethnic mix of the population of Latvia is largely the result of massive immigration during the years of Soviet occupation, which resulted in a decline of the share of ethnic Latvians from around 80% in 1935 to 52% in 1989.
 * Latvia people - 2004, Central statistic agency

łłł

Wilkomierz Lech Wałęsa

Hergé

title: User:Curps/Sandbox4


text:
Clodhopper (candy)

Clodhoppers are crunchy, fudge-covered graham clusters. They were originally discovered and marketed by the Kraves Candy Co., located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. In 2006, the brand and recipes were sold to Brookside Foods, who were in turn sold to Hershey's in 2011.

Clodhoppers are available in vanilla & cocoa (originally named "chocolate") flavours, while dark chocolate, dark chocolate fudge, and "Cookies & Clods" flavours were sold during Kraves Candy's ownership of the product. The peanut butter flavour was the first flavour to be discontinued.

History
It has been recorded that the candy and recipe were originally created by Chris Emery's grandmother, Edith Baker, as a treat for her family. Baker made the small candies from graham wafer and chocolate. In 1996, Chris Emery and his high school friend Larry Finnson decided to sell the Clodhoppers made by Emery's grandmother in their garage. In 1998, they signed a distribution contract with Wal-Mart.

The Krave's factory in Winnipeg once produced 2,500 pounds of Clodhoppers per hour. By 2006, the company's Clodhopper production plant in Winnipeg employed more than 20 employees and sold millions of the candies throughout North America.

In 2006, Krave's Candy sold its assets, which included its brands, names, recipes, customer lists, inventory and packaging equipment to Brookside Foods, based in Abbotsford, British Columbia. Krave's Candy was selling millions of dollars' worth of Clodhoppers annually across North America at the time of the sale.

In February 2012, Chris Emery and Larry Finnson, the founders of Clodhoppers formed a new start up, OMG's Candy, bringing to market a similar product, which includes diced almonds and toffee bits. In October 2012, Brookside Foods confirmed on their Facebook page that they had discontinued making Clodhoppers candy.

In 2016, The Hershey Company (who bought Brookside in 2011 after the Krave's Candy sale) brought back Clodhoppers under their own branding. The revived product is available in vanilla and cocoa flavours, and can be found at some gas station and convenience store chains, including Speedway in the northeastern United States. Hershey's later released new Clodhoppers flavours in 2017 under the Hershey's Crunchers branding, including variants based on Hershey's Cookies 'n' Creme bars, Reese's peanut butter cups, and s'mores.

title: Clodhopper (candy)


text:
User:John Coxon

John Coxon is a man of many talents. Amongst other things, he is a postgraduate physics student and was the 2011 delegate for the Trans-Atlantic Fan Fund (also known as TAFF). If you would like to find out more about him, we suggest you visit his website.

title: User:John Coxon


text:
Tucker

Tucker may refer to:

United States

 * Tucker, Arkansas
 * Tucker, Georgia
 * Tucker, Mississippi
 * Tucker, Missouri
 * Tucker, Utah, ghost town
 * Tucker County, West Virginia

Outer space

 * Tucker (crater), a small lunar impact crater in the southern part of the Mare Smythii

People

 * Tucker (given name), a page for people with the given name "Tucker"
 * Tucker (surname), a page for people with the last name "Tucker"
 * Tucker (American wrestler)
 * Tucker (Northern Irish wrestler)

Fictional entities

 * Tucker, a Shetland pony in the film, Racing Stripes
 * Tucker's, the club in the Black Mirror episode, "San Junipero", where Yorkie and Kelly first meet

Film and television

 * Tucker: The Man and His Dream, film about Preston Tucker
 * Tucker (2000 TV series), a 2000–2001 American television series that aired on NBC
 * Tucker (2005 TV program), a 2005–2008 American television program, previously called The Situation with Tucker Carlson, hosted by Tucker Carlson that aired on MSNBC
 * Tucker Carlson Tonight, the Fox News program formerly hosted by Tucker Carlson
 * Tucker's Luck, a British television series starring Todd Carty as Tucker that aired on BBC

Brands and enterprises

 * Tucker 48, also nicknamed "Tucker Torpedo", a 1948 sedan automobile
 * Tucker Sno-Cat, manufacturer of snowcats

Ships

 * USS Henry W. Tucker, name of more than one United States Navy ship
 * USS Tucker, name of more than one United States Navy ship

Other uses

 * Tucker (dog), scat detection dog
 * Tucker, a practitioner of fulling, a step in the processing of woolen cloth
 * Bush tucker, Australian expression for food obtained from native plants and animals
 * Tucker bag, tucker box, historically used by travelers in the Australian outback
 * Tucker decomposition, mathematical decomposition for tensors
 * Tuckerization, act of using a person's name in an original story as an in-joke
 * Tucker Act, United States sovereign immunity statute

title: Tucker


text:
Talk:Hank Azaria

Friendship with Matthew Perry
how ironic that Matthew helped Hank with his addiction. Two talented men, great people. Both comics. Lawrence18uk (talk) 03:21, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hank Azaria


text:
Talk:August Willich

Photo wanted
Would a someone (who is logged in) upload the image of Willich, availibe from this address:

 * http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/w/pics/willich.gif (under the GFDL).

Added Civil War section
Instead of a single sentence, Willich deserves a larger mention of his role in the Civil War. He was a prominent recruiter, and was responsible for hundreds of Germans in joining the Union Army in southern Ohio and Indiana. I restyled the article to be in compliance with other Civil War biographies and added text. I will add more in the future as part of the Ohio in the Civil War segment of WikiProject:Ohio. Scott Mingus 00:57, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * He does, but the information wasn't available! --DelftUser 14:34, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Infobox
Needs infobox. Harland1 (t/c) 19:34, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on August Willich. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060627201440/http://www.civilwarinteractive.com/ArticleWillich.htm to http://www.civilwarinteractive.com/ArticleWillich.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:26, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on August Willich. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060217090028/http://sunsite.utk.edu/civil-war/ung_w.html to http://sunsite.utk.edu/civil-war/ung_w.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:35, 2 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:August Willich


text:
Kinetix

Kinetix (Zoë Saugin) is a superheroine appearing in the DC Comics universe, primarily as a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes in the 30th and 31st centuries. She first appeared in Legion of Super-Heroes (vol 4) #66, in March 1995.

Fictional character biography
Zoe's mother Azra was a renowned archeologist who shuttled her and her younger brother Thanot around the galaxy on her digs. One day, Azra inhaled poisonous gas while on a dig, which started eating away at her lungs. Feeling helpless as she watched her mother die, Zoe searched through Azra's books and found a magical incantation using the Moon of Kol, an artifact her mother had found. Apparently, the Moon could transform a "drop of love into a wellspring of health" once in a lifetime. Zoe managed to heal her mother, and thus began her lust for power - but only to be used to help others and achieve self-perfection. However, while her reasons were noble, Zoe's power lust became obsessive.

Zoe spent the next few years searching for more sources of magic which she could use. She found one while exploring caverns on Saturn's moon Titan, where she found and absorbed an energy pool which unlocked her telekinetic abilities. Zoe named herself "Kinetix", (as in "telekinetics"), and joined the Legion of Super-Heroes as part of the second set of draftees alongside Shrinking Violet, who later became her best friend. Zoe would become a major asset to the Legion, being part of the team chosen to pursue Tangleweb and helping delay the Composite Man, allowing the team to regroup. She also developed a crush on deputy leader Leviathan, who developed an even bigger one on her.

Zoe then continued to search for more power and located the Star of Akkos, thinking it would increase her powers, along with Shrinking Violet. The Star instead robbed Zoe of her powers. Zoe went on a leave of absence to look for a way to restore her powers. She was traveling through a stargate when rogue Daxamites destroyed her destination stargate, leaving her stranded. Her life support was running out when she was saved by the sorceress Mysa and brought to Zerox, the Sorcerer's World.

Mysa trained Zoe in the mystic arts and restored her telekinesis, altering her appearance in the process; Zoe's skin became paler, with a tattoo on her cheek, pointed elf-like ears, and a tail. Mysa sent Zoe back to the Legion to find the Emerald Eye. Unbeknownst to Zoe, her best friend Violet had already been possessed by the Eye.

When their mutual crush Leviathan sacrificed himself to save the team from Doctor Regulus, Violet went berserk and revealed her possession by the Emerald Eye and then possessed the Legion to find a way to revive Leviathan. Zoe was in the Eye's thrall and tried to take the Eye for herself, but was rejected by it and nearly killed.

Zoe, reeling from Leviathan's loss and Violet's possession, was transported by Mysa back to Zarrox along with her family and some of her teammates. Mysa was about to drain Zoe of her powers again to punish her for not being able to find the Eye first, but Azra then revealed that she had met Mysa before while she was near death, and had used a mystic artifact to heal her. Azra was pregnant with Zoe at the time and the artifact's energies forged a link between Zoe and Mysa, which allowed Mysa to manipulate Zoe later in life, and also changed Zoe's genetic structure, giving her an affinity for magic which enabled her to absorb the energy pool on Titan. Azra shamed Mysa into admitting her debt, and used the Star of Akkos to restore Zoe's powers and original appearance. Kinetix went on to be instrumental in the defeat of Mordru and freeing Violet from the Eye.

On a mission to explore a mysterious space-time anomaly, Zoe was so enthralled by its power that she became almost catatonic. Her normally bubbly, energetic personality became submerged, leaving her silent and almost childlike. Concerned, Violet and Spark convinced teammate Brainiac 5 to use the Anywhere Machine to convince Zoe to shut out the awe she felt at the power and return to normal. Zoe was one of the Legionnaires who were Blighted, or brainwashed and re-engineered into hunters and killers. Several of her teammates were lost and the Legion disbanded shortly thereafter trying to seal a spatial rift. After the Legion disbanded, Kinetix joined the Science Police and was stationed on Earth.

When the "Terrorforms" changed the people of Earth, Zoe was among the genetic few who became a Terrorform. As a Terrorform, Zoe was linked to the planetary biosphere and responsible, with her fellow Terrorforms, for safeguarding and speeding up the evolutionary process on Earth. Zoe was a unique Terrorform in that she still possessed a shred of her old personality and memories, thanks to her background in magic. Zoe rejoined the Legion after it was reformed and played a key role in stopping Ra's al Ghul. She was part of the team until the Fatal 500 crisis, and was stuck in Limbo along with the rest of the Legion.

Kinetix has not been shown to be a member of the current version of the Legion, which has its own internal chronology and history separate from previous versions.

The post-Zero Hour Legion later emerged from Limbo and joined the fight against the reformed Legion of Super-Villains. Kinetix took on Superboy-Prime and dropped her guard, unaware of his resistance to magic. Superboy-Prime killed Kinetix with his heat vision and Mordru absorbed her magic and memories.

Powers and abilities
Kinetix possessed telekinetic abilities, which she primarily used to manipulate and reshape solid matter with her thoughts. As a Terrorform, her abilities were undefined, partially as they are reactive to the circumstances she is in. She has been shown to possess healing abilities, flight, superhuman strength, the ability to survive unaided in space, and control of gravity. The Final Crisis: Legion of 3 Worlds miniseries reveals that Kinetix had absorbed Earth-247's magic after its destruction, making her stronger than ever.

In other media

 * Kinetix appears in Adventures in the DC Universe #10.
 * Kinetix makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Legion of Super-Heroes.

title: Kinetix