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Tangermünde

Tangermünde (Tangermünn) is a historic town on the Elbe River in the district of Stendal, in the northeastern part of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Geography
Tangermünde is situated in the historic Altmark region of the North German Plain, on a glacial terminal moraine, above the left shore of the Elbe. The town's name derives from the mouth (Mündung) of the Tanger tributary. The altitude protects it from floods.

Since the administrative restructuring effective January 1, 2010, the area of Tangermünde comprises the former municipalities of Bölsdorf, Buch, Grobleben, Hämerten, Langensalzwedel, Miltern, and Storkau. These former municipalities are now Ortschaften (divisions) of the town Tangermünde.

History
Tangermünde can look back at a thousand-year-long history as already in 1009 the medieval chronicler Bishop Thietmar of Merseburg referred to a local lowland castle, which probably had been erected in the early 10th century during the rule of King Henry the Fowler at the border with the lands of the Polabian Slavs incorporated into the Saxon Marca Geronis.

The town itself was first mentioned in a 1275 deed, governed by a succession of vogts (reeves), such as Ruthger von Blumenthal. Due to its favourable location, it soon became a point where tolls were charged on boats sailing along the Elbe River as well as a residence of the Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg. Margrave John II hid his treasure under the parish church, and passed the secret to his brother Otto with the arrow. When the latter was held to ransom by the citizens of Magdeburg in 1278, he used the treasure to pay for his release.

Upon the extinction of the Ascanian dynasty, the town was one of the favourite places of the Luxembourg emperor Charles IV, who had purchased the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1373 and had Tangermünde Castle (German: Burg Tangermünde) rebuilt as a Kaiserpfalz, including a chapter of Canons Regular. From 1415 onwards, it became the residence of the Hohenzollern electors, after the Nuremberg burgrave Frederick VI was enfeoffed with Brandenburg by Charles' son Emperor Sigismund.

The 15th century marked the "Golden Age" of Tangermünde, an affluent member of the Hanseatic League, when numerous Brick Gothic buildings including the town hall and St. Stephen's parish church arose, surrounded by an almost entirely preserved city wall with well-fortified gates and the castle complex. However, after a 1488 revolt of the Tangermünde citizens against an excise tax on beer, the town lost the grace of Elector John Cicero, and the residence was relocated to Berlin-Cölln. On 13 September 1617 Tangermünde was almost completely destroyed by a fire, allegedly started as an act of revenge by a townswoman who had vainly sued at the local court for her inheritance. Accused of arson and burned at the stake in 1619, her story was perpetuated by Theodor Fontane's historical novel Grete Minde. The town was rebuilt with a variety of half-timbered houses lending it a unique appearance. However, after the castle had been slighted by Swedish troops during the Thirty Years' War in 1640, Tangermünde lost its strategic importance. Elector Frederick III (as Frederick I King in Prussia from 1701 on) had a local administrative building erected in 1699. The present-day complex is a reconstruction of the early 20th century.

In 1826 a sugar refinery was established as the town's main employer, which from 1910 manufactured the popular Feodora chocolate, today part of the Hachez company. As an effect of Tangermünde's decreasing importance, its historic centre and the city walls were largely preserved in its original appearance.

Tangermünde was not hit by severe damage during World War II until elements of the U.S. Army closed on the city and its strategic bridge across the Elbe River on 12 April 1945, triggering a brief but fierce battle, during which the modern (1933) combined rail and highway bridge was blown up by retreating German forces. In the closing days of the war Tangermünde was the scene of one of the last skirmishes of the war and the surrender en masse of the German 12th Army and remnants of the 9th Army to U.S. Forces. Between 4 May and 7 May 1945, as many as 100,000 German soldiers and civilians crossed the rickety ruins of the bridge on foot until Russian forces reached the east bank of the Elbe. Since German reunification the old town has been gradually restored.

Town hall
The Tangermünde Town Hall is a late medieval building constructed in the 1430s. In German, this building is referred to as Rathaus and serves as a civic meeting center. The building performs a secular purpose, as a town hall for the community, but its exterior is evocative of a mixture of Romanesque and Gothic features. This building contains gothic and Romanesque structural elements that appear on the exterior of the building (the interior of the building has not been widely photographed).

Some of the more prominent features of the town hall are its high gables. On the façade are three staggered gables, with one central gable extending above the peak height of the roofline. These gables are a feature of brick architecture during this period. Adorning each gable are miniature spires, evocative of high gothic architecture popularized on cathedral exteriors. Each gable contains one large central circular window with two smaller ones below it, all with highly decorative tracery. These central circular windows are reminiscent of the grandiose rose windows that appear on the west façade of many gothic cathedrals. "The most remarkable feature is the gable end richly decorated with octagon buttresses, having stories of canopied niches—the gable is stepped between these buttresses". This observational analysis of the building dates from late 19th century, therefore its terminology differs from modern architectural jargon.

Many of the ground floor windows and doorways are exaggerated with ornamental archivolted brickwork. One of the most intriguing features of the town hall is its use of colour on the exterior. The highlighting and trabeation of the exterior are white and the tracery and decorative grills are dark blue. The rest of the building is composed of red brick. The colours create a very distinctive visual palette that makes the building unique.

St. Stephen's Church
This church was built in several stages. Nothing is left of the original construction, because it burned in the town fire of 1617. The church has a Scherer organ built in 1624, one of the top 10 organs in Europe. It has been completely restored.

Burg Tangermünde
The castle overlooking the inland harbour and the valley of river Elbe was founded around 925 and enlarged by Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor in 1373. It burnt down in 1640 and was reconstructed in 1902. Its oldest building is Alte Kanzlei dating from the 14th century. The tower above the entrance gate was used as a prison, therefore its name Gefängnisturm (Prison Tower). The other tower (Kapitelturm) measuring 50 metres in height, dates from 1376 and offers an impressive view of the town and its surroundings.

Medieval City Wall
The old centre of Tangermünde is surrounded by a well-preserved city wall the construction of which was started around 1300. It was repaired and renovated several times as it protected the town against floods of river Elbe. Neustädter Tor is an impressive gate dating from 1450 opposite a former church (St. Nicolaikirche) which was built in the 12th century. Its belltower dates from 1470. Wassertor is another impressive gate of the medieval city wall. Various towers are preserved as well. The Shot tower (Schrotturm) measuring 47 metres in height is the tallest tower. The foundations of Eulenturm Tower (24 metres), the oldest defensive tower of Tangermünde, where laid around 1300. Another fortified tower is preserved in Schulstrasse, a small lane in the southwest of the old town centre.

Politics
Seats in the town's assembly (Stadtrat) as of 2009 local elections:
 * Christian Democratic Union (CDU): 9
 * The Left: 4
 * Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD): 3
 * Free Democratic Party (FDP): 2
 * Free Voters: 1
 * Independent: 1

International relations
Tangermünde is twinned with:
 * 🇩🇪 Lich, Germany
 * 🇩🇪 Minden, Germany
 * 🇫🇷 Wissembourg, France
 * 🇮🇹 Tavarnelle Val di Pesa, Italy

Transportation
North of the town lies the Bundesstraße 188 (B 188) which connects it to Stendal and Rathenow, as well as, via the Autobahn A 2, to Berlin and Hanover. The river Elbe is crossed over a new bridge built in 2001.

The first road bridge was opened for the traffic in 1933 and blown up in the last days of the Second World War, 1945. The Elbe River was then the frontier between the Russian and Western armies' zones of occupation: thousands of refugees and German soldiers crossed the river on foot, climbing on the wrecked bridge, to escape from Russian control, photographed by Allied cameramen. Shortly afterwards, a temporary bridge was constructed, which served until 2001.

There is a railway line which connects the town with Stendal. The first line was opened in 1886.

Sons and daughters of the town

 * Albrecht Achilles (1414–1486), elector of Brandenburg
 * Almuth Berger (born 1943), theologian
 * Walter Meyer (1904–1949), rower, Olympic champion
 * Grete Minde († 1619 executed), historical figure
 * Fritz Schröder (SPD) (de) (1891–1937), politician (SPD)
 * Conrad Steinbrecht (de) (1849–1923), architect, construction officer
 * Burghard Stück (de) (1929–2008), pediatrician and immunologist
 * Reinhard Weis (de) (born 1949), pastor and politician (SPD)

title: Tangermünde


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Hugh Martin

Hugh Martin (August 11, 1914 – March 11, 2011) was an American musical theater and film composer, arranger, vocal coach, and playwright. He was best known for his score for the 1944 MGM musical Meet Me in St. Louis, in which Judy Garland sang three Martin songs, "The Boy Next Door", "The Trolley Song", and "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas". The last of these has become a Christmas season standard in the United States and around the English-speaking world. Martin became a close friend of Garland and was her accompanist at many of her concert performances in the 1950s, including her appearances at the Palace Theater.

Early life
Martin was born in Birmingham, Alabama, the son of Ellie Gordon (Robinson) and Hugh Martin Sr., an architect. He attended Birmingham-Southern College, where he studied music.

He was a member of the Beta Beta Chapter of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity.

Career
Martin wrote the music, and in some cases the lyrics, for five Broadway musicals: Best Foot Forward (1941); Look Ma, I'm Dancin'! (1948); Make a Wish (1951); High Spirits (1964) (music and lyrics, with Timothy Gray); and Meet Me In St. Louis (1989), a stage version of the film with an expanded score by Martin and Ralph Blane. He composed the songs for the West End musical Love from Judy (1952).

Martin's first Broadway credit was as an arranger for the 1937 musical Hooray for What! and was a vocal or choral arranger for such later Broadway musicals as The Boys From Syracuse (1938–39), Too Many Girls (1939–40), DuBarry Was a Lady (1939–40), Cabin in the Sky (1940–41), and Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1949–51), Top Banana (1951–52), and Lorelei (1974). He was a vocal arranger for Sugar Babies (1979–82).

As a performer, Martin appeared on Broadway in Hooray for What! (1937), Where Do We Go From Here (1938), and Louisiana Purchase (1940–41).

Ralph Blane was Martin's songwriting partner for most of his work, and the two recorded an album of their songs entitled Martin and Blane Sing Martin and Blane with the Ralph Burns Orchestra in 1956. Martin and Blane were twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song, for "The Trolley Song" in 1944, and for "Pass That Peace Pipe" (co-written by Roger Edens) from Good News in 1947.

Martin received four Tony Award nominations, three for High Spirits (Best Musical, Best Book Author of a Musical, Best Composer and Lyricist) and one for the 1990 Meet Me in St. Louis (Best Original Score).

Martin's other film work included songs for the films Athena (1954) starring Jane Powell, Debbie Reynolds, and Vic Damone, and The Girl Most Likely (1957) starring Jane Powell as well as the film version of his Broadway hit Best Foot Forward (1943) which starred Lucille Ball.

Martin collaborated with vocalist Michael Feinstein for a 1995 CD Michael Feinstein Sings The Hugh Martin Songbook, an album on which the then 80-year-old songwriter accompanied Feinstein on piano and sang a duet. On an earlier CD Feinstein recorded the Martin composition, "On Such a Night as This". In 2006, Martin released an album of his music called Hugh Sings Martin on the record label PS Classics, which drew from his catalog as a composer, lyricist, arranger and singer. The album was released in conjunction with the Library of Congress.

Martin became a Seventh-day Adventist and spent much of the 1980s as an accompanist for the female gospel vocalist Del Delker on her revival tours; in 2001 he rewrote his most famous song (with the assistance of Garland biographer John Fricke) as a more specifically religious number, "Have Yourself A Blessed Little Christmas", which was recorded that year by Delker with the 86-year-old songwriter playing piano on the recording.

Songwriting collaboration controversy
Although Ralph Blane is credited with writing the music for many of Martin's songs, Martin claimed in his autobiography that he wrote both music and lyrics to all of the songs in Meet Me In St. Louis and that "all of the so-called Martin and Blane songs, (except for "Buckle Down, Winsocki" in Best Foot Forward), were written entirely by me (solo) without help from Ralph or anybody else." His explanation for allowing Blane equal credit for the songs was explained, "I was reasonably content to let him receive equal screen credit, sheet music credit, ASCAP royalties, etc., mainly because this bizarre situation was caused by my naive and atrocious lack of business acumen."

Other
His autobiography Hugh Martin - The Boy Next Door was published in October 2010. Martin was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1983 and was a member of the Alabama Music Hall of Fame.

Death
Martin died on March 11, 2011, in Encinitas, California at age ninety-six.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hugh Martin


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Falconwood

Falconwood is an area of south east London within both the London Boroughs of Bexley and Greenwich. It is north east of Eltham and south west of Welling. According to the 2021 census, Falconwood, has a population of roughly 16,600 (Falconwood and Welling ward rounded to the nearest 100).

The local area
Falconwood forms part of the Falconwood and Welling ward in the London Borough of Bexley, and borders the Eltham North and Eltham South wards in the Royal Borough of Greenwich.

Falconwood is served by one National Rail train station. Falconwood station which was opened in 1936, is served by Southeastern on the Bexleyheath Line. The station is situated in London Travelcard Zone 4.

The Green Chain walking network runs through Shepherdleas Wood, Oxleas Wood, Eltham Common, Eltham Park North and Eltham Park South. All these wooded and open areas are accessible via footpaths from Rochester Way, Welling Way and Riefield Road.

Falconwood Community Centre, next to Falconwood Park, was opened in 1954. The Falconwood Community Association meets here 5 times a week along with many other groups. The Falconwood and District Horticultural Society stages the Annual Fruit, Flower and Vegetable Show on the third Saturday in August.

In 2008 the Mayor of Bexley, Falconwood & Welling Councillor Nigel Betts, inaugurated the Community Centre as the local Children's Centre.

The estate
The Falconwood Park Estate was designed and constructed by housing developers Ideal Homesteads in the 1930s. Situated between Welling and Eltham, the estate occupies the site of the former Westwood Farm.

Regarding housing styles, the majority of the estate consists of semi-detached and terraced houses, with bungalows scattered across the roads within the estate. There are flats above the shops on Lingfield Crescent and Falconwood Parade (The Green). There are 3/4 storey blocks of flats on Lingfield Crescent, at the corner of Rochester Way and Riefield Road, near the A2 and Eltham Cemetery & Crematorium. Maisonettes are on Millbrook Avenue.

Education
See also London Borough of Bexley and Royal Borough of Greenwich education services.

 * Bishop Ridley CofE Primary School (Entrance gates on Northumberland Avenue)
 * Harris Academy Falconwood, formerly Westwood College (Entrance gates on The Green)
 * Stationers' Crown Woods Academy (Entrance gates are on Bexley Road, Avery Hill)

Bishop Ridley CofE Primary School was formerly Westwood Primary School until Westwood Primary Schoolit became a Church of England school. Westwood Primary School was formed from two separate schools - Westwood Infant & Junior Schools in the late 1990s.

Harris Academy Falconwood (formerly Westwood Secondary School and later Westwood College) is an academy sponsored by the Harris Federation. The academy occupied the original secondary school and the old junior school buildings, but was replaced by a £27 million new school in 2011 built on some of the old playing fields.

Stationers' Crown Woods Academy (formerly Crown Woods School and later Crown Woods College) is an academy sponsored by the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers. It is located in a £50million rebuilt school building and community learning facility that opened on 26 April 2011.

Post code districts and London Borough Boundaries
Falconwood forms part of 2 London boroughs and 2 post codes. These being:

 * Bexley   - DA16 (part) - The rest of DA16 being formed by Welling and East Wickham.
 * Greenwich - SE9 (part) - The rest of SE9 being formed by Eltham, New Eltham and Mottingham.

The SE9 roads in Bexley became part of LB Bexley under the 1994 boundary change. The Royal Mail have refused many attempts to change the postcode of these roads to DA16.

Rail
Falconwood station connects the area with National Rail services to London Victoria, London Cannon Street, Dartford and Woolwich Arsenal.

Buses

 * B15 to Bexleyheath via Welling or to Horn Park via Eltham. Operated by Arriva London for London Buses.
 * B16 to Bexleyheath via Welling or to Kidbrooke via Eltham. Operated by Go-Ahead London for London Buses.

Main roads and access routes
Falconwood is a junction on the A2. London bound on the A2 will immediately lead to the A102 (Blackwall Tunnel Approach), and the Blackwall Tunnel under the River Thames to the A12 in East London, unless changing onto the old A2 at the Sun In The Sands junction (Blackheath). The London bound A2 isn't accessible directly from Falconwood. Access is from the Eltham junction with the South Circular (A205). The Kent bound A2 is accessible from Falconwood.

Rochester Way leads to Well Hall and Eltham town centre (continuing straight at the traffic lights junction with Welling Way). Turning right at the junction with Welling Way will lead to Shoulder of Mutton Green and Welling town centre. In the opposite direction, Rochester Way will lead to the dual carriageway Kent-bound A2, unless bearing right on Riefield Road. This leads to Avery Hill (a left turn at traffic lights), and Eltham town centre (a right turn at the lights).

Lingfield Crescent leads towards the Falconwood Park Estate, Falconwood Park and Welling town centre (turning left onto Millbrook Avenue).

Nearest facilities and shops

 * Lingfield Crescent (Falconwood station shop parade).
 * Falconwood Parade, The Green (surrounding Falconwood Park).
 * Both Welling and Eltham town centres are also very easily accessible.

Natural areas and open spaces

 * Eltham Common (part)
 * Eltham Park north
 * Eltham Park south
 * Falconwood Field
 * Falconwood Park (The Green)
 * Oxleas Meadow
 * Oxleas Wood
 * Shepherdleas Wood

title: Falconwood


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Falconwood railway station

Falconwood railway station is situated in the suburb of Falconwood, London Borough of Bexley, and is served by the Bexleyheath Line. It is 10 mi measured from London Charing Cross. The station was opened much later than the remainder of the line, on 1 January 1936, to serve a growing area. A brick-built ticket office leads down to the cutting in which the station lies. Ticket barriers control access to the platforms.

Services
All services at Falconwood are operated by Southeastern using, ,  and  EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 2 tph to London Victoria
 * 1 tph to London Charing Cross
 * 2 tph to London Cannon Street
 * 2 tph to Slade Green, continuing to London Cannon Street via Woolwich Arsenal and Greenwich
 * 3 tph to Dartford

During the peak hours, the service between London Charing Cross and Dartford is increased to 2 tph in each direction.

Connections
London Buses routes B15 and B16 serve the station.

title: Falconwood railway station


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Talk:Lightning Lass

first comment -There really ought to be a seperate entry for the Light Lass version of the character or at the least a much greater part of this article devoted to that incarnation,(the Light Lass version gets one brief mention in one line, when she was Light Lass for over 20 years in the comics!, it is a *very* significant part of the character's history and deserves longer discussion, anyone new to the character would assume it was a minor episode from reading this article.) especially as now in the second Legion reboot she is now Light Lass again. If I knew how I would undo the redirect for 'Light Lass' because I am linking from articles that spefically discuss that version and they link to this page that is talking about a completely different version which is not what I was wanting to link to. I am either going to have to learn to undo that redirect or significantly rewrite this article. *sigh*

edited to add-

Well, I have now done that rewriting, the article is now much better balanced between the pre-zh and post-zh characters, and I have given due prominence to the Light Lass version, a major part of her history.

I also made the fact that she had a lesbian relationship with Shrinking Violet more explicit. It may not have been made too obvious in the stories, but it's canon.

I will be adding a section for the Waid/Kitson version at some point, if someone else doesn't do it first. At this point it's so new we really haven't seen her do anything yet.

Married to Brin Londo?
When exactly did that happen? The character hasn't been involved with him for at least 20 years. (if I'm wrong, though, let me know!) Korvac 15:59, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Not that I really know, but I suspect that's a reference to the infamous Adult Legion story - SoM 23:02, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

 * That may be the case - in which case I'm removing that particular line from the article as it wouldn't refer to the 'mainstream' version of the character. Korvac 14:59, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Merge with Spark (comics)
Ayla Ranzz has been Lightning Lass, Light Lass, Lightning Lass again, Gossamer, Spark and now Light Lass again. I suggest there be one article under Ayla Ranzz. Rockhopper10r 16:23, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

Requested Move: Ayla Ranzz
We should rename this article to Ayla Ranzz.Brian Boru is awesome (talk) 23:07, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree. In the context of the comics, Ayla has no clear codename within a specific continuity or series run (Lightning Lass and Light Lass).  Her supporting media, also provide little consistency in regards to naming. -66.109.248.114 (talk) 04:44, 18 June 2008 (UTC).

 * Strong Agree - Her code name changes too frequently even within an individual continuity. Nutiketaiel (talk) 14:28, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Strong Agree - I agree, her code name and changes, and fact that this is not even her current code name makes using her real name, like Garth Ranzz rather than Lighting Lad, the most sense. Sgetz (talk) 18:36, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lightning Lass


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Vicki Hodge

Vicki Alexandra Hodge (born 17 October 1946) is an English actress and model. She appeared in the films Every Home Should Have One (1970), Layout for 5 Models (1972), The Stud (1974), and Confessions of a Sex Maniac (1974), as well as the TV series Hazell. She was interviewed extensively for the "Starring John Bindon" programme in the Real Crime television series about her relationship with John Bindon.

Life and career
Hodge was born in London, the third daughter of Sir John Rowland Hodge, 2nd Baronet, MBE, a Lieutenant Commander in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve, second lieutenant in the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, and Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, and his second wife Joan, daughter of Sydney Foster Wilson. She attended the Legat School of Russian Ballet, when it was at Finchcocks, Goudhurst, Kent. She then attended the Lucie Clayton School of Modelling and was photographed by David Bailey, amongst others.

From 1968 to 1981, Hodge was the girlfriend of Fulham gangster and actor John Bindon. She is also a former girlfriend of Prince Andrew, Duke of York; an item about their relationship appeared in the News of the World in 1984.

In 1969, she married (George) Ian Alexander Heath (died 1996), son of Sir Barrie Heath, chairman of GKN; they divorced in 1980. Her sister, Wendy Kidd (née Hodge) is mother of Jodie Kidd and Jemma Kidd.

title: Vicki Hodge


text: File:Scleroderma citrinum.JPG

title: File:Scleroderma citrinum.JPG


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Talk:Pokémon evolution

Pikachu Evolution in Pokemon Yellow
Pikachu in Pokemon Yellow can evolve, but when it happens it no longers follows the character around outside the Pokeball. I don't know if this is different for other language variants but it should be looked into. --User:Kaluriel 15:19, 23 May, 2007 (GMT)
 * It can only evolve if it's traded to R/B and then traded back. It rejects evolution in Yellow. DanPMK 07:37, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

'M Evolution unsuitable
I think we should replace that image with an evolution of an official Pokémon. 'M is not an official Pokémon, it is a game virus. Andros 1337 15:24, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. So who's willing to take the screenshots? --Sparky the Seventh Chaos 18:34, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * I can do that, if I remember to. I have the various games and also have them emulated. The big question is, which is the best game to capture an evolution from? The GB/GBC games, as shown, or the more modern GBA counterparts??? Master Thief Garrett 05:24, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually it's not a virus because it does not self-replicate (yes I know this was mentioned 1½ years ago :P) WikiSlasher 08:40, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Quite right, it’s a glitch, something quite different. -- WikidSmaht (talk) 06:49, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

The evolution of Pokemon
Yes, I would agree that the evolution of pokemon is not related to Darwinism, but reather to Henri Bergsons' book titled CREATIVE EVOLUTION. For I have been doing research on it and still recovering from it. You'll be able to find it at Amazon.com. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Researchergonechristian (talk • contribs)
 * Please sign your comments. Also, do you have a source besides your own personal opinion, such as a quote from the designers indicating that this was their intention?  If not, it's original research and not allowed in the articles. --Sparky Lurkdragon 19:18, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Happiness evolution
While it could be percieved as a variant of level-up evolution on the surface( as could all the “Unusual” evolutions), it’s really rather different. Yes, it is triggered by levelling up, however, the mechanics and intention are quite different. Level-up evolution requires that the Pokémon gain a certain amount of battle experience, and reflects this by granting it a more powerful form after it reaches certain levels. However, a Pokémon which evolves based on happiness can do so at any time, theoretically even going from level 1 to 2, if it is happy enough. Furthermore, if a level-up evolution is stopped, the Pokémon can evolve after that any time it levels up. If a friendly evolution is stopped, the Pokémon won’t necessarily evolve the next time if the required conditions are not maintained. Because of this, and because happiness evolution is about as common as stone or trade evolution now, it really deserves its own full section, rather than a subsection. -- WikidSmaht (talk) 06:49, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I tried to make it its own section once but it got changed back. Good to see someone agrees with me :) --WikiSlasher 07:09, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

GA review — GA on hold
Problems to be fixed:

 * Lead
 * Currently two sentences long; expand to at least a full paragraph. This article is right on the boarder for a medium sized article, so having two paragraphs would not be bad.

 * Evolutionary stages

*Every Pokémon belongs one of four evolutionary stages; missing the word 'to' between belongs and one.
 * Explain what a Baby Pokémon is and what branching evolution means. You should write articles in a way so that even people unfamiliar with the content will not be confused.

 * Causes of Pokémon evolution
 * Leveling up
 * RPGs --> Role-playing games
 * Numbers that can be expressed in one or two words should be written out, such as 1 --> one; this does not apply when refering to a level number. The number 1 in the sentence which instantly elevate the Pokémon by 1 level should be changed to 'one' for example.

 * Evolution through happiness

 * by how large the image of the pokémon gets. The image either gets 0, 1, 2, or 3 grades larger. the 3rd grade is loosely enough to enact a "happy evolution". pokémon --> Pokémon; numbers should be written out; the --> The; 3rd --> third
 * Special evolutions
 * There are several one sentence paragraphs; merge these together.

*In Pokémon Mystery Dungeon the world; there should be a comma between Dungeon and the.
 * Evolution in other games or media

This is all entirely sourced using fan sites (Pokemonelite2000, Serebii, etc.) I would have instantly failed it for massive damage to 2b. hbdragon88 05:12, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
 * References
 * All references should be in accordance with WP:CITE; see Cite web for the proper format.-- 十  八  01:36, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Comment Except for the very first, every single reference is a link to a Pokedex entry on a specific Pokemon. All content except for "X evolves into Y" is unsourced. -Amarkov moo! 04:37, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Please note Amarkov Did you see the gap or arrow between X and Y Pokemon? Whatever you call unsourced can be found there. And why not use Pokedex entries? Vikrant Phadkay 14:43, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * There's nothing wrong with using Pokedex entries. The issue is that they only source the statements of form "X evolves to Y through process Z", leaving large chunks of the article with no sources. -Amarkov moo! 14:51, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * 2b says to give reliable sources, and SPP is one of the largest Pokémon fansites on the Internet and is very well known. If that's not a reliable source, then not even Anime News Network would be usefull in WP:Anime. So I do not agree that it failed 2b. Though at the same time Serebii.net was deleted some time ago...--  十  八  05:33, 11 May 2007 (UTC)
 * It's still a WP:SPS. ANN has the edge at least of staff members who use real names; the Pokemon fansites are authored under pseudonyms.  The FAR for Torchic was especially hard on the use of Serebii, though that is FA and this is just GA.  Never mind, then. hbdragon88 06:04, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

The maximum of seven days has passed, and not everything has been dealt with. GAC failed.--  十  八  05:34, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

I have completed some of the tasks. NOT all. Yugiohguy1 22:19, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Hi, new to the project, thought I'd help with this list and the To-Do list since this was a Focus Article. Did some copyediting and citations to the Special Evolutions section as suggested to help the quality of the article. A little nervous but hope its okay! Shallon Michaels 22:11, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

On a somewhat related but probably separate note, if citing Serebii was really a bad thing, let me know, I was just trying to follow the established precedent there but if need be I can go buy the official Pokedex book and use information from that.Shallon Michaels 22:13, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Citing Serebii is VERY bad, because Serebii is a) a fansite, and b) run by one person and has no editorial oversight. Thus, it fails WP:RS. Instead of Serebii, cite the actual games. -Jeske (v^_^v) 05:00, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Gladly, how would we go about doing that? Let's fix it, rather then just leaving it incorrectly cited or uncited entirely. I'm new and am having trouble finding an example of how to cite the game from any of the other pages.Shallon Michaels 18:24, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I would examine WP:CITE - that would have some info. -Jeske (v^_^v) 19:30, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

four stages
In the Pokemon games, there are only three stages (1st, 2nd and 3rd obviuosly). The baby stages are an invention of the TCG (same for basic stage). A Pichu is the 1st stage which evolves in its 2nd (pikachu). In the games its never written which stage of its evolutionary line a pokemon is, so the addition of a new stage that comes before an existing Pokemon makes no difference here. In the TCG there is written on a pikachu card: basic stage. And as they wanted to continoue the players using this cards, they didnt change it to stage 1, but instead invented the baby stage, which stays for pokemon that are pre-evolutions of existing ones, which were added in a later generation. In the games a Togepi and Riolu cannot breed like all the Pokemon that are considered baby stage in TCG and also look like premature pokemon as much as all the others. But are basic stage in TCG. http://pokebeach.com/sets/genesis/12.jpg http://pokebeach.com/sets/genesis/51.jpg Charon8 20:48, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Erm... I can barely understand what you wrote. However, to sum:
 * Baby pokes are in the "Unbreedable" egg group in the games and bear resemblence to the Poke they evolve into (exc. Tyrogue)
 * There are only TWO stages of evolution at this point (baby and basic aren't stages), but the stages are only "official" to the TCG, in part because of unique evolution methods, such as Shedinja and Silcoon/Cascoon. Basics evolved from Babies are still Basics; they are just treated as Stage I's for the purposes of cards such as Hyper Devolution Spray (yes, I am an old-timer in terms of the Pokemon TCG).
 * Consider the cost of reprinting all those cards prior to Neo Genesis just for errata purposes (they didn't do that with Magic: the Gathering, and still don't to this day).
 * Any questions? -Jeske (v^_^v) 02:43, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Silcoon/cascoon example
It's wrong. A wurmple can evolve into a silcoon while nighttime and into a cascoon while daytime. It's been proved that it's the personal value and not the day/nighttime in various help sites. 91.155.110.187 (talk) 18:11, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

Tyrogue's stats
On the article it says that Tyrogue evolves into Hitmontop if it's Attack and Defence are equal but in every case of its evolution I see its Attack and Defence are almost equal. I know its not that important but can it be changed a bit? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.139.193.253 (talk) 02:00, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pokémon evolution


text:
Category:Saint John, New Brunswick

Articles about or part of the city of Saint John in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada.

title: Category:Saint John, New Brunswick


text:
Talk:Irina Pantaeva

Untitled
Well in any sense or point, judging either from her ethnicity or her place of birth, she is not an Eskimo. The links to Buryatia and to the ethnic group Buryat, which I added, will well be enough to tell her origin.--218.191.131.92 15:26, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Actually, she is an Eskimo - she's a Siberian Eskimo Eskimo —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.232.44.162 (talk) 18:32, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

No, she's not. She's a Buryat. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Grindewald (talk • contribs) 09:57, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

Birth Year
I've done no research on this person whatsoever, but if you look under the date 31 October, it says Irina was born in 1971, while this page says 1972. I don't know which is incorrect. Thedoctor98 (talk) 06:20, 10 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Irina Pantaeva


text:
Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal

Inanda or eNanda (isiZulu: pleasant place, also possibly, level-topped hill) is a township in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa that is situated 21 km north-west of Durban. It forms part of eThekwini, the Greater Durban Metropolitan Municipality. Populated primarily by Zulu-speaking Black Africans, Inanda is the home of John Langalibalele Dube, first President of the African National Congress (ANC), a former residence and base of operations of Mahatma Gandhi, and the birthplace of the syncretic Nazareth Baptist Church

History
Brief Description

Inanda Township, situated within the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, holds historical significance as one of the original townships in the region. Initially, during the 17th century, it served as a vital oasis for local Indigenous farmers. The landscape transformed with the arrival of white settlers in the late 1700s, and by the 1800s, Inanda Township became designated as a 'Reserve' for Black and less educated individuals. Indian farmers became part of the community in 1936, further enriching its cultural fabric.

The year 1951 marked a pivotal shift with the introduction of the Group Areas Act by the government. This legislation led to an influx of Black residents into Inanda Township, accompanied by challenges arising from inadequate infrastructure encompassing housing, schools, clinics, roads, sanitation, and water systems. The lack of proper planning detrimentally impacted the quality of life for the township's inhabitants.

Tensions escalated between the Indian and African communities between 1984-1987, resulting in significant political and racial clashes. As a consequence, many Indian residents relocated to nearby areas such as Verulam, KwaZulu-Natal, Phoenix, Durban, and Ottawa, KwaZulu-Natal. Despite South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994, Inanda Township continued to experience relative neglect from the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in terms of developmental initiatives.

Notably, on April 27, 1994, Inanda Township gained recognition as the location where Nelson Mandela cast his vote, marking a momentous occasion in the country's history. This event coincided with his election as the first Black President of the Republic later that same year.

Mafukuzela
John Langalibalele Dube, affectionately known as "Mafukuzela," alongside his wife Nokutela Dube, were born in the 1870s at an American-operated Christian mission station located in Inanda. As the son of a respected Zulu clergyman, Dube received his education at Oberlin College in the United States. Upon his return to his birthplace of Inanda, Dube embarked on a path of intellectual exploration, composing a series of insightful essays concerning the history and advancement of Africans. In 1903, he made a significant contribution to media by establishing the inaugural bilingual Zulu/English newspaper, titled Ilanga laseNatali (The Sun of Natal).

He assumed the role of the first president of the South African Native National Congress, from 1912 to 1917. This organization later evolved into the influential African National Congress. Inspired by the work of African-American educator Booker T. Washington and his Tuskegee University, Dube and his wife founded several schools in Inanda, including Ohlange High School, Redfern Primary School, and Langalibalele High Primary School. Dube's home neighborhood in Inanda, Dube Village, now contains numerous memorials to his efforts.

Gandhi and the Phoenix Settlement
In the year 1903, Mahatma Gandhi, who had established his residence in the nearby city of Durban in 1893, founded a modest settlement known as Phoenix Settlement on the northwestern periphery of Inanda. This village-like community featured residences, a clinic, a school, and a printing press, and played a pivotal role as a dwelling place for Gandhi, his family, and his supporters. Their collective mission was to advocate for societal transformation through nonviolent resistance. The influential newspaper Indian Opinion, which vigorously championed the civil rights of both Indian South Africans and native Africans, was published from this site in four different languages.

Even after Gandhi's departure in 1914, Phoenix Settlement continued to be a home for various residents and activists, including his son, Manilal Gandhi. As the 1980s unfolded, the vicinity of the Settlement witnessed the emergence of a squatter camp named Bhambayi, which eventually encompassed much of the area. The year 1985 witnessed riots within the camp, driven by opposition to apartheid policies, resulting in significant damage to the structures of Phoenix Settlement. Subsequently, the community largely fell into disuse until February 2000, when then-President Thabo Mbeki formally committed to its reestablishment and restoration. This commitment materialized within the same year, leading to the successful restoration of Phoenix Settlement.

Phoenix Settlement was declared a National Heritage Site by the South African government in 2020.

Nazareth Baptist Church
In the early 20th century, Isaiah Shembe, a prominent Zulu mystic and charismatic preacher, established the Nazareth Baptist Church in Inanda. This African initiated church elements of Christianity with indigenous Zulu traditions. Central to the church's teachings are principles of abstemious living and adherence to the Ten Commandments. The followers of this faith, commonly referred to as "Shembe," quasi-messianic attributes to Isaiah Shembe and his descendants. Over the course of more than a century since its inception, the Church has experienced multiple divisions. The majority of Shembe adherents continue to originate from the KwaZulu-Natal region, and the revered historical site of the Inanda church headquarters, known as ekuPhakameni, remains in active use.

Racial Conflict
During the period spanning from 1978 to 1994, Inanda witnessed a series of intense confrontations between its African and Indian communities, leading to significant upheaval. A notable outcome of these events was the relocation of a substantial portion of the town's Indian populace to the neighboring areas of Phoenix and Verulam.

Geography
Adjacent communities within the KwaZulu-Natal province, including the prominent city of Durban, encompass KwaMashu and Ntuzuma. Inanda Township occupies an extensive geographical area and is segmented into multiple sections. Unlike neighboring KwaMashu, these divisions are denoted by actual names rather than letters. Among these sections are Inanda Newtowns A, B, and C (locally referred to as Ematendeni), Dube Village, Ezimangweni, White City, Langalibalele, Ohlange, Amaoti, Lindley, Congo (D.R), Amatikwe, Phola, Ngoqokazi, Tafuleni, Ntanda, Emachobeni, Ngcungcwini, Soweto, and Glebe. Although there exists ongoing discourse concerning whether the area extending from Umzinyathi to Manyaseni falls within Inanda's boundaries, it is situated within the Qadi Area. However, the Qadi Area lacks official standalone recognition, necessitating its residents to employ Inanda for postal addresses and commercial purposes. Notably, the Inanda section of Ohlange has evolved into a notable tourist destination due to its significant historical association with the esteemed late Dr. John Langalibalele Dube.

Economy and infrastructure
In the realm of economics, Inanda Township exhibits a range of features. To the northern extent of the township lies Inanda North Town Centre, colloquially referred to as eMtshebheni by locals. This hub encompasses various establishments including well-known stores like Shoprite, Checkout, Saverite, Furnco, Pep Store, Buildit, Cashbuild, and others. Adjacent to this commercial zone is the Inanda SAPS Station.

On the southern fringes of the township stands the Dube Village Mall, a tribute to the late Dr. John Langalibalele Dube. Within this mall, one finds amenities such as the Inanda Post Office, Shoprite, and a variety of other stores. The culinary scene is enriched by franchise restaurants like KFC and Debonairs Pizza, accompanied by local entertainment venues like Sbu's Lounge in Amatikwe, Under The Moon Exclusive Lounge in Lindley, and Zack's Exclusive Lounge in Inanda Glebe.

Turning to infrastructure, the township has several community health centers catering to residents' healthcare needs. Notable among these are the Inanda CHC Clinic on Umshado Road, Newtown C, as well as the Inanda Newtown A & B Clinics, Sivananda Clinic in Ohlange, St. Joseph's Roman Clinic in Amatikwe, and Bhekimpilo Clinic in Amatikwe, among others. The Abalindi Old Age & Orphanage Home is located in Amatikwe.

Additionally, the township offers various recreational facilities, including sporting fields with the Dr. JL Dube Stadium being a prominent landmark. These are complemented by children's parks and innovative Fitness Parks introduced by the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle within the township. Notably, the Tafuleni Cemetery Park in the Tafuleni Section holds significance as one of the largest cemetery parks within the eThekwini Metropolitan area.

Education

 * Ohlange High School — situated in the Inanda district, holds historical significance as an educational institution founded by Dr. John Langalibalele Dube and his wife, Nokutela Dube, as Zulu Christian Industrial School. Notably, it gained distinction as the polling venue where Nelson Mandela cast his vote in South Africa's first racially integrated national election during South Africa's inaugural post-apartheid elections in 1994. This pivotal event marked a significant milestone in the nation's democratic transition. Presently, Ohlange High School maintains its dual role as a daily functioning secondary school, providing education to students, while also serving as a designated polling station for provincial and national elections.
 * Inanda Seminary School — established in 1869, is an independent girls' secondary school. Founded by Daniel and Lucy Lindley under the auspices of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the institution ranks among the oldest educational establishments in South Africa. It holds the position of being the second oldest school in Durban, succeeding only the Durban High School.
 * Langalibalele High Primary School — Langelibalele High Primary School, situated in the Inanda region, owes its establishment and nomenclature to tDr. John Langalibalele Dube, a prominent figure in the community, the school bears the name of its founder.
 * JG Zuma High School — The institution, named after former President Jacob Zuma, was established to honor his contributions and legacy. The decision to name the school after President Zuma reflects a desire to recognize his role in the nation's history and his impact on the broader societal landscape.
 * Redfern Primary School — Despite its geographical location in Phoenix, which is closely connected to Inanda through the Mahatma Gandhi Settlements, Redfern Primary's origins trace back to its founding by Dr. John Langalibalele Dube.
 * Inanda Newtown Comprehensive School
 * Amandlakayise Primary School — also founded by Dr. John Langalibalele Dube.
 * No-7 High School, Intshisekelo High School, Nkosinathi High School, Emachobeni Secondary School, Sithandimfundo High School, Mvaba High School, Mqhawe High School and Sithabile High School are other notable schools located in Inanda.

There is also the Elangeni FET College, located in Ohlange along Dr. Langalibalele Dube Drive, stands as a tertiary educational institution. The college is dedicated to providing courses encompassing Business and Engineering qualifications among its offerings.

Media
Inanda serves as the central hub for the bilingual (English/Zulu) radio station, Inanda FM, which airs across the entirety of KwaZulu-Natal. Additionally, it holds historical significance as the birthplace of the Ilanga laseNatal, an esteemed newsletter publication founded by John Langalibalele Dube.

Notable residents

 * John Langalibalele Dube made notable contributions as an educator, politician, publisher, editor, novelist, and poet. He holds credit as the founder of Ilanga lase Natal and as a co-founder of both the Inanda Seminary School and Ohlange High School. Furthermore, he played a significant role as the inaugural president of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC), a pivotal organization that would later evolve into the African National Congress.
 * Nokutela Dube, the first South African woman to establish a school. She also played a role as a co-founder in initiatives such as the Ilanga lase Natal newspaper, the Ohlange Institute, and the Natal Native Congress, which eventually served as a precursor to the establishment of the South African Native National Congress. She was also the wife of John Langalibalele Dube.
 * Ndaba Mhlongo, renowned for his contributions to the entertainment industry, as an actor and comedian. He held a significant personal connection as the husband of actress Mary Twala, while also being a sibling to the musician Busi Mhlongo. Within his familial sphere, he held the role of a father to actor, television personality, and choreographer Somizi Mhlongo.
 * Busi Mhlongo, distinguished for her talents in the realm of music, dance, and composition, she made her mark as a singer, dancer, and composer. Notably, she is the sister of comedian Ndaba Mhlongo and holds the role of aunt to television personality Somizi Mhlongo.
 * Mxolisi Kaunda, a figure in the realm of politics, he holds the position of Mayor within the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality.
 * Bertha Mkhize, recognized for her multifaceted contributions, she embodied roles as a teacher, businesswoman, advocate for women's rights, and a dedicated participant in the anti-apartheid movement. Her origins trace back to Embo, Umkomaas, and she received her education at the esteemed Inanda Seminary School and Ohlange High School. Throughout her life, she predominantly resided in the community of Inanda.
 * Zandile Gumede, a notable South African figure, she has held the position of a Member of the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature since 2020. Prior to this, she assumed the role of Executive Mayor within the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, serving diligently from 2016 to 2019.
 * Makoti Khawula, an influential advocate against apartheid and a dedicated participant in the anti-apartheid movement, she also holds the distinction of being a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa, representing the Economic Freedom Fighters party.
 * Ted Swales, hailing as a British-South African fighter pilot and a World War II veteran, he earned recognition for his courageous actions in the defense of his nation. His achievements led to the awarding of the Distinguished Flying Cross, and he was posthumously bestowed with the Victoria Cross in his honor.
 * Sibusiso Khumalo, an accomplished South African professional footballer, he occupies the role of a defender within the ranks of Black Leopards in the Premier Soccer League. Furthermore, he contributes his skills to the South African men's national team.
 * Andile Fikizolo, also known as Carot, is a South African soccer player who plays as a midfielder and right wing for Golden Arrows in the Premier Soccer League

title: Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal


text:
User:Jrossman

Hello everyone!

My name is Jeri. We've moved back to Dublin, Ohio as of April 1st - mother "Wendy's" has called us home. My son showed me this site when we lived in Massachusetts and like him, I think its very cool.

So instead of time spent back in school, I'm just taking breathers between the unpacking and errand running.

I'm willing to share what I know about the world, thankfully that was something that Mayflower has hidden in a box for me to find.

Jeri

title: User:Jrossman


text:
Tran Huu Dung

Tran Huu Dung (Vietnamese: Trần Hữu Dũng; 1946–2023) was a professor of economics at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio. He was a specialist in the economies of East Asia, particularly Vietnam.

For more than twenty years, Dung (pronounced Zung) was also the managing editor of the web portal Arts & Letters Daily.

He received a Ph.D. in economics from Syracuse University in 1978.

title: Tran Huu Dung


text:
Talk:Dance of the Vampires (musical)

Tanz der Vampire
How about a seperate article for Tanz der Vampire? I've created a redirect page already, but the multiple productiosn mean this page is getting a bit clustered? What do people think? If there's no objections in a week or so I'll make the changes. The JPS 15:29, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Sounds good. In my opinion, they should be separated, because many regard Dance as inferior to Tanz. But then again, two pages for the same stuff would be superfluous, don't you think? EliasAlucard 11:50, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm dragging this point up again. In my mind, Dance is a version of Tanz. Unlike all the other non-German versions, Dance isn't a straight forward translation. I think this article should make that clear. Maybe it's a good idea to split the article in two: a Tanz article with the basic stuff (plot, characters, various versions) and a Dance article that explains that it is a completely reworked version, lists the changes, reasons why it failed, etc. Thoughts? Evil Nickname (talk) 08:54, 23 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I would certainly support the split. To me, the situation is akin to a "remake" of a movie, perhaps a remix of album. Given the numerous differences in both the two shows and the reactions to them, separate articles are, in my opinion, warranted. --Agamemnon2 (talk) 10:19, 23 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I would have to advise against splitting the article. I understand that fans of this particular show consider the English version sub-par, but it's still the same show.  Placing them in separate articles implies that the productions were so radically different that they can't be considered the same material, which, as far as I can tell, is not the case.  There were some drastic differences, but it's nothing dissimilar from what a show like Chess (musical) went through.  If the article ever reaches a point where it becomes too large to contain both versions, then we can re-address the issue.  Furthermore, keeping them in one article makes it a little easier to address the differences between the versions, as well as an analysis of what worked and what didn't and the various critical reactions.  —   Music  Maker  5376  17:51, 23 November 2007 (UTC)

Bowie's Little Bombardier connection
I've just seen the Warsaw production and I swear a song in the second act was largely identical with the song Little Bombardier that David Bowie sang back in the 60's. I realize that for this musical Jim Steinman recycled some earlier work of his own, such as Total Eclipse of the Heart. Is the Bowie song also one of Steinman's? Does anybody know what the connection is? — Stumps 18:15, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Synopsis copyvio
I just removed the synopsis as it was taken word-for-word from http://www.old-hickory.demon.co.uk/synopsis.htm, which is a copyright violation. If anyone would like to contribute a new synopsis, feel free to use that page as a reference, but please use your own words. —  Music  Maker  5376  20:49, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Theatrical Flops?
Should this article really be under that category, when it's only the Broadway version(that's hardly even the same show) that flopped? The majority of the time Tans der Vampire is a success. Mazz0626 (talk) 13:39, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

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Question of proper citation re: fact correction
Hello to all -- I'm the person who wrote most of this article's section on the American version, including the infamous heading "Casting Crawford, 9/11, and other disasters" (no, I'm not the one responsible for changing it back, and the first thing I'll do is revert that to its replacement when I get past this sticky wicket).

I am also the co-host of a forthcoming podcast entitled A Good Nightmare Comes So Rarely which dives deep into the circumstances surrounding the show, its creation, and its failure on Broadway. As part of the podcast's production, I've had the opportunity to interview several of those involved in both its developmental and final phases, including John Caird, who directed the reading and departed the project following its 9/11-related postponement. He read this article to fortify his memory before our interview and had a bone to pick with me about my characterizing Jim Steinman as co-directing the reading. Both John and one of the cast members of the reading deny that that was the case, John going so far as to say that he would have dropped out of the project far sooner had that been insisted upon (not out of ego, to be clear, but for the reasons of Steinman's implausibility as director cited in the article itself). He implored me to edit the article to reflect the reality of the situation.

Now, everything in the article that I wrote does have a source; Jim absolutely announced himself as co-director on more than one occasion, and that was also reflected in a Variety article regarding Michael Crawford's hiring, all of which -- I believe; it's been a bit -- are cited. However, I also want to honor John's wishes, as reflected in an as-yet-unpublished interview. How do I handle that citation, assuming I can? Backoffbugaloo (talk) 19:34, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 26 May 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: no consensus. Per lack of participation, uneligble for moving as unopposed per RMTR objection. NPASR. (closed by non-admin page mover) C LYDE TALK TO ME/STUFF DONE (please mention me on reply) 21:13, 16 June 2023 (UTC)

Dance of the Vampires (musical) → Tanz der Vampire – Swap the two pages (WP:SWAP): Tanz der Vampire is the WP:COMMONNAME for the successful worldwide musical, the english "Dance of the Vampires" production failed and is not renown Raladic (talk) 17:38, 21 May 2023 (UTC) This is a contested technical request (permalink). – robertsky (talk) 14:45, 26 May 2023 (UTC) — Relisting. C LYDE  TALK TO ME/STUFF DONE (please mention me on reply) 15:49, 2 June 2023 (UTC)  — Relisting. C LYDE  TALK TO ME/STUFF DONE (please mention me on reply) 20:26, 9 June 2023 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * I'd like to see some more evidence of common usage here, than just the assertion that the German title is the more common. Given that the musical was released in English under an English name, and this article covers both the international run and that, I'd expect that to be the default title, even if it is the opinion that "production failed and is not renown"... — Amakuru (talk) 11:02, 22 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Per https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=today%205-y&q=Tanz%20der%20Vampire,Dance%20of%20the%20Vampires&hl=en "Tanz der Vampire" has a constant search Worldwide, whereas "Dance of the Vampires" is near zero, thus "Tanz der Vampire" is the WP:COMMONNAME, even in English speaking countries of the United States and UK.
 * So I'd suggest that "Tanz der Vampire" be the default title, whereas "Dance of the Vampires (musical)" redirect there and be listed as alternative English name in the lead per WP:DONTUSEENGLISH.
 * In fact per the talk page many even argue that the English production should be split out, as it was an entirely different show (which is also why it failed), often referring to the "good" show by the German title "Tanz" to differentiate from the bad English one (as seen in the Vulture article linked).
 * So hence my suggestion to rename the existing article into Tanz der Vampire as common name of the successful musical. On further reflection, I think splitting out the failed US production may be a follow up from that. Raladic (talk) 02:27, 23 May 2023 (UTC)
 * This has been parked here for 5 days now. I think the best way forward is a formal discussion so that any consensus can be documented. Dr. Vogel (talk) 07:56, 26 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dance of the Vampires (musical)


text: User talk:64.231.154.103

title: User talk:64.231.154.103


text:
Pop Goes the World

Pop Goes the World is the third studio album by Canadian new wave and synth-pop band Men Without Hats, released on June 29, 1987, by Mercury Records. It features the single "Pop Goes the World", which reached the Top 20 in Canada (achieving gold status) and the United States. The album went platinum in Canada.

Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull makes a guest appearance and plays the flute on the track "On Tuesday."

Other songs
Early in the recording sessions, a song called "The Same Halo" was recorded by the band for the album but was ultimately replaced by "Lose My Way" on the album.

"Jenny Wore Black" was first performed live in 1985 during the "Freeways" tour. Another song from the era, "Heaven", was never released until 2022, when it was included on the band's album Again, Pt. 2. "All We Do", which was performed on the Pop Goes the World tour, was instead released on the followup, In the 21st Century.

In 1990, Doroschuk wrote the song "A Funny Place (The World Is)", which reused part of the lyrics from "The Real World". It was recorded with Mitsou on her second studio album Terre des hommes (1990); Doroschuk sang backing vocals, played various instruments and produced the recording.

A French-language demo called "Pyjamarama" was recorded the following year.

Singles
Along with the title track, two other singles from this album were released, but neither got much notice. These singles were "Moonbeam", which featured a complementing music video, and "O Sole Mio" that was backed by "Lose My Way" as a promo single.

Track listing
All tracks written by Ivan Doroschuk.

Side one Side two
 * 1) "Intro" – 1:49
 * 2) "Pop Goes the World" – 3:43
 * 3) "On Tuesday" – 4:08
 * 4) "Bright Side of the Sun" – 0:42
 * 5) "O Sole Mio" – 3:57
 * 6) "Lose My Way" – 3:10
 * 7) "The Real World" – 4:24
 * 1) "Moonbeam" – 3:37
 * 2) "In the Name of Angels" – 3:49
 * 3) "La Valse d'Eugénie" – 1:28
 * 4) "Jenny Wore Black" – 2:57
 * 5) "Intro/Walk on Water" – 5:43
 * 6) "The End (Of the World)" – 3:23

Personnel
Men Without Hats
 * Ivan Doroschuk — vocals, guitar, keyboards, drum programming
 * Stefan Doroschuk — vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards
 * Lenny Pinkas — keyboards

Special guest
 * Ian Anderson — flute on "On Tuesday"

Concept
The album artwork, however, lists the following:

 * Ivan — vocals
 * Johnny — guitar
 * Jenny — bass
 * J. Bonhomme — drums
 * and a little baby on keyboards

Johnny, Jenny, J. Bonhomme and the baby were actually characters from the opening song "Pop Goes the World"—the album graphics were designed to reference their roles in the song, which opens with the line "Johnny played gee-tar, Jenny played bass."

The album follows a loose conceptual thread, and Johnny and Jenny go on to appear as characters in numerous other songs on the disc, being mentioned by name in "In the Name of Angels" "Jenny Wore Black" and "The End (Of The World)". The role of "Johnny" on the album cover (and in videos) was played by Stefan Doroschuk, the band's actual guitarist. The actress who played Jenny is unknown, although she is often believed to be Louise Court. Bonhomme is also referenced in the song "Pop Goes The World" (as "a big bonhomme"). A is a snowman; a character known as "Bonhomme Carnaval" (a man in a stylized snowman costume with a stocking cap or a top hat) is a common mascot at Quebec winter carnivals. The album cover shows the character Bonhomme as the band's drummer. The initial J. would seem to be a multi-lingual pun, referencing both the French phrase "Joyeux bonhomme", as well as the English rock drummer John Bonham.

The only credited musician aside from the Doroschuks and Pinkas is Ian Anderson of the rock group Jethro Tull. Anderson plays flute on track 3, "On Tuesday".

The Pop Goes the World touring band between 1987 and 1988 consisted of:

 * Ivan Doroschuk — vocals, guitar, keyboards
 * Stefan Doroschuk — guitar
 * Marika Tjelios — bass
 * Richard Samson — drums
 * Lenny Pinkas, Heidi Garcia, Bruce Murphy — keyboards

title: Pop Goes the World


text:
The Herald (Ireland)

The Herald is a nationwide mid-market tabloid newspaper headquartered in Dublin, Ireland, and published by Independent News & Media who are a subsidiary of Mediahuis. It is published Monday–Saturday. The newspaper was known as the Evening Herald until its name was changed in 2013.

History
The Evening Herald was first published in Dublin on 19 December 1891.

In 1982 the paper changed its size from broadsheet to tabloid.

Until November 2000, the Evening Herald was produced and pressed in Independent House on Middle Abbey Street, Dublin 1. The monochrome printing facility in the basement of this building was then retired, and the paper is now printed in full colour at a purpose-built plant in Citywest, along with the Irish Independent, the Sunday Independent and various other regional newspapers owned by Independent News & Media. In 2004, production of the paper was moved from Independent House to a new office on Talbot Street and the paper's old home was sold to the neighbouring department store, Arnotts, for an estimated €26 million.

The life of Herald music critic Chris Wasser was threatened by fans of boy band The Wanted in 2012 following the publication of his review of their gig in Dublin.

In March 2013, it was reported that the Evening Herald was to be renamed The Herald and would become a morning rather than an evening newspaper.

In March 2017, it was announced that INM were merging the Sunday World and The Herald newsrooms.

In October 2020, Independent News & Media announced that they would not longer be supporting the Herald website and would merge the Herald newsroom with the INM newsroom.

In 2023, it was reported that Mediahuis were no longer investing in The Herald and it was being left to "sink or swim".

Herald AM
On 10 October 2005, a free version of the Evening Herald, published in the mornings and entitled Herald AM, began distribution, as a defensive measure against the Daily Mail and General Trust-owned Metro, launched on the same date. It joined with another morning freesheet Metro to become the Metro Herald. Herald AM later closed.

Circulation
In 2019, Independent News & Media exited the ABC auditing process. Hence, no circulation figures are available after 2018.

title: The Herald (Ireland)


text:
George Higinbotham

George Higinbotham (19 April 1826 – 31 December 1892) was a politician and was a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Victoria, which is the highest ranking court in the Australian colony, later state, of Victoria.

Early life
George Higinbotham was the sixth son (and youngest of eight) of Henry Higinbotham, a merchant in Dublin, and Sarah Wilson, daughter of Joseph Wilson, a man of Scottish ancestry who had gone to America and became an American citizen after the War of Independence and returned to Dublin as American consul. George Higinbotham was educated at the Royal School Dungannon, and having gained a Queen's scholarship of £50 a year, entered at Trinity College, Dublin.

Higinbotham qualified for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1849 and Master of Arts in 1853, after a good but undistinguished course, and proceeded to London where he soon became a parliamentary reporter on the Morning Chronicle. Higinbotham entered himself as a student at Lincoln's Inn on 20 April 1848, and on 6 June 1853 was called to the bar.

Move to Australia
On 1 December 1853 Higinbotham left Liverpool for Australia on the Briseis and arrived in Melbourne on 10 March 1854, where he contributed to the Melbourne Herald and practised at the bar with much success. In 1857 he became editor of the Melbourne Argus, but resigned in 1859 and returned to the bar. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in May 1861 for Brighton as an independent Liberal, was rejected at the general election of July the same year, but was returned nine months later.

Attorney-General
In June 1863, Higinbotham became attorney-general in the Sir James McCulloch government. Under his influence measures were passed through the legislative assembly of a somewhat extreme character, completely ignoring the rights of the Victorian Legislative Council, and the government was carried on without any Appropriation Act for more than a year. Higinbotham, by his eloquence and earnestness, obtained great influence amongst the members of the legislative assembly, but his colleagues were not prepared to follow him as far as he desired to go. In April 1866, a conference of representatives of the two houses was held. Sir Charles Darling the governor had, however, in a dispatch forwarded in the previous December, used a phrase which suggested that he was allying himself with one of the parties to the dispute and was recalled. Higinbotham in his speech made in May 1866 on Darling's treatment declared that the real reason of his recall was that he had "assented to acts of his ministers which Cardwell (secretary of state for the colonies) declares to be illegal". Higinbotham contended that in a constitutional colony like Victoria the secretary of state for the colonies had no right to fetter the discretion of the queen's representative.

In January 1865, the visit of the U.S. confederate cruiser CSS Shenandoah placed the government in a difficult position, and it has sometimes been assumed that the advice of Higinbotham (to not support the U.S. consul's request that the ship be seized as a pirate) as attorney-general must have been faulty in view of the subsequent arbitration proceedings going in favour of the United States. The voting, however, of the arbitrators was three to two, and one of the three appears to have given his decision with some hesitation. Higinbotham did not return to power with his chief, Sir James McCulloch, after the defeat of the short-lived Sladen administration; and being defeated for Brighton at the next general election by a comparatively unknown man, Sir Thomas Bent, he devoted himself to his practice at the bar.

In September 1866, a royal commission on education was appointed of which Higinbotham was made chairman. The work of the commission was done with great thoroughness and economy, and their recommendations were unanimous. Unfortunately one religious body had refused to be represented on the commission, and the feeling that arose caused the work that had been done to be nullified for the time being. In July 1868, McCulloch became premier again, but Higinbotham would accept only a subordinate position in the cabinet. He became Vice-President of the Board of Land and Works without salary.

In February 1869, he resigned that position and never held office again. Later on in the year, in response to a request that representatives of the colony should be sent to a conference on colonial affairs in London, Higinbotham moved and succeeded in carrying five resolutions declining to send representatives, and repeating his views that the internal affairs of a colony are its own concern and that the colonial office should only look after matters that effect the whole empire. A year later at the election for Brighton held in March 1871 Higinbotham was defeated by 14 votes. It was a contest between a realist and an idealist. His opponent, Thomas Bent, was a man who understood the art of looking after his own constituency. Higinbotham cared nothing for its special needs and thought only of the good of the whole colony. He welcomed his release from the bickerings of politics and for two years built up his position as a barrister.

Among his other labours as attorney-general, Higinbotham had codified all the statutes which were in force throughout the colony. In May 1873 he was returned to the legislative assembly for East Bourke Boroughs, resigning in January 1876.

Judge
In 1880 Higinbotham was appointed a puisne judge of the Supreme Court, and in 1886, on the retirement of Sir William Stawell, he was promoted to the office of chief justice. Higinbotham was appointed president of the International Exhibition held in Melbourne in 1888–1889, but did not take any active part in its management. One of his latest public acts was to subscribe a sum of £10, 10s. a week towards the funds of the strikers in the great Australian labour dispute of 1890, an act which did not meet with general approval.

Women's rights
Higinbotham was a champion for women's rights from the beginning of his parliamentary career, when he proposed the Married Women's Property Bill and was posthumously lauded by the Women's Political Association of Victoria for proposing women's suffrage in 1869.

He is mentioned as an exception to typical men of the nineteenth century as a "legislator of unusual wisdom for that era" in Henrietta Dugdale's utopian novel "A Few Hours In A Far Off Age".

Death
Higinbotham died at South Yarra, Melbourne, on 31 December 1892, and was survived by his wife, two sons and three daughters. He had a private funeral at his own request.

Commemoration
There is a bronze statue to him outside the Old Treasury Building, Melbourne.

title: George Higinbotham


text:
Talk:Ruth Lawrence

Untitled
I feel very strongly that personal gossip about living, active people should be kept to a minimum in Wikipedia biographies. In this case, I know Ruth Lawrence slightly and I think that her privacy should be respected.

--Greg Kuperberg 15:34, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Middle name
Her PhD thesis says her middle name is Jayne, not Elke, so I've altered it.Blaise 16:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Interesting. Up to about 1996 her publications are credited to "R.J. Lawrence", but her Home Page says Elke, and this article from 2000 calls her "Ruth E. Lawrence". Perhaps she changed her middle name when she married ?? Gandalf61 13:04, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Under English law, she can use any name she likes. "Jayne" is not in Hebrew. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.19.141.74 (talk) 13:26, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

Candidates for the Oxford entrance interview exam
Something's wrong here. 530 sounds about right for the number of candidates applying for maths at Oxford in any one year - if anything, it sounds a little low - but the article implies that that was the number applying for St Hugh's, which is just one out of 30 colleges that admit undergraduates. The exam is common across all colleges, and I can quite believe that she came top out of 530, so the St Hugh's bit needs to be moved elsewhere. Philip Trueman 14:19, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Quite correct, the Oxford colleges were operating a unified entrance exam in mathematics that year (I was one of the examiners as it happens) and she came top across the whole university intake. I have modified the sentence accordingly.  Richard Pinch (talk) 19:01, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 21:12, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Slight exception
The article should mention the fact that Ruth would not have been let into the University unless it turned a blind eye to its usual requirement that students have a modern language, such as French. If she had studied this, she would have been slightly older. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.19.141.74 (talk) 13:07, 14 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Is there a reliable source for this claim? If not, then we can't use it.  Deltahedron (talk) 18:35, 14 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Oxford and Cambridge asked for a qualification in Greek until about 1912.
 * Latin was
 * asked for until about 1968. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.19.141.74 (talk) 10:41, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
 * See uk.linkedin.com/in/johnrobertgreen This implies that there were Oxford Entrance exams in French and Latin in 1968. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.19.141.74 (talk) 10:51, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Green does not say clearly that they were required, but I think they were at that time. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.19.141.74 (talk) 10:56, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
 * In point of fact, it would have taken some time to study all three. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.19.141.74 (talk) 11:14, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
 * This looks like original research at best. We need a reliable independent source that asserts specifically that normal entrance requirements were waived for this person.  A guess as to what the normal requirements were and whether or not she met them is very far from enough.  Deltahedron (talk) 18:02, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
 * The Daily Telegraph in about 1983 said that Ruth had no French and implied that this was normally a requirement. I cannot remember the exact day. Send an email to Ruth, if you think I am lying. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.19.141.74 (talk) 14:29, 16 November 2012 (UTC)
 * It's not a question of suggesting that you are "lying". In fact, we have requirements on verification by independent reliable sources precisely so that we don't have to rely on, or assess, the accuracy of individual editors.  If you think this issue is important enough, the onus is on you to provide the sources.  I have to say that airily telling other people to do the research to find sources that you can't provide is not going to go endear you to your fellow editors, especially when the issue is so trivial.  Deltahedron (talk) 18:07, 16 November 2012 (UTC)
 * I was trying to be sarcastic but obviously sarcasm goes over your head. I have
 * received an email from Ruth Lawrence. She notes that she was not exempted from the language requirement and passed a test in German. Those on Open Scholarships were exempted from the English test. I should imagine that she could have passed this in any case. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.7.192.143 (talk) 11:18, 19 November 2012 (UTC)
 * I take it that the issue is closed, then. Deltahedron (talk) 17:41, 19 November 2012 (UTC)

Later mathematical prodigies
I have removed various statements and links to other subsequent child prodigies as irrelevant to this article. In particular, the statement that Ruth Lawrence's age record stood until another specific person might have been relevant but the assertion was not supported by the reference cited. Deltahedron (talk) 17:02, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

Starred first
The text states that she obtained a 'starred first'. I was at Oxford at the time and have never heard the term before. She did get the highest score in mathematics finals, but that is always known as the 'top first'. She sat physics finals the following year; she got a first in that, but did not come top (Nigel Dowrick was top).156.154.61.54 (talk) 22:55, 30 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia goes by what reliable sources publish. The BBC source in the article says it was "a starred first in Mathematics", and a quick google shows plenty of other reliable sources to back it up. We can't use your personal knowledge, see WP:V and WP:RS. TwoTwoHello (talk) 23:37, 30 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ruth Lawrence


text:
Underworld: Evolution

Underworld: Evolution is a 2006 American action horror film directed by Len Wiseman from a screenplay by Danny McBride, based on a story by Wiseman and McBride. It is the sequel to Underworld (2003) and the second installment in the Underworld film series. The film stars Kate Beckinsale, Scott Speedman, Tony Curran, Shane Brolly, Steven Mackintosh, Derek Jacobi, and Bill Nighy. The plot follows Selene and Michael, again played by Beckinsale and Speedman, respectively, as they fight to protect the Corvinus bloodline from its hidden past.

Underworld: Evolution premiered at the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, California on January 11, 2006, and was released in the United States on January 20, by Sony Pictures Releasing. The film received generally negative reviews from critics and grossed over $113 million worldwide against a production budget of $45 million.

The film was followed by the prequel Underworld: Rise of the Lycans in 2009.

Plot
In 1202, an army led by the three vampire elders (Markus, Viktor, and Amelia) arrives at a village full of Werewolves. Viktor and Amelia capture their target, Markus's twin brother, William Corvinus, the first and most powerful werewolf. Despite Markus's defiance, Viktor orders that William be forever imprisoned in a secret location.

In the present day, vampire Selene takes Michael to a safe house so that she can confront the vampire regent Kraven; she plans to stop Kraven from killing Markus. Markus awakens before Kraven arrives and kills him and his men. Lorenz Macaro, an elderly man who is really an immortal and forefather to both the vampire and Lycan races, sends in a team to investigate the aftermath of the battle in the Lycans' lair. When Macaro examines Viktor's corpse he finds a metal disc which matches a pendant originally worn by Sonja. The other half of the pendant is possessed by Michael after Lucian's death.

Using the knowledge of computers obtained from Kraven's blood, Markus tracks Selene and Michael down and attacks them, but they evade him and hide in a warehouse. There, Selene and Michael share their feelings and have passionate sex. Knowing that the pendant is important to Markus, Michael and Selene set out to discover why he wants it. Selene recalls that she saw it as a child, but does not know its significance. They travel to the hideout of the exiled vampire historian Andreas Tanis.

Tanis reveals that Markus was the first vampire, one of the three sons of Alexander Corvinus, the first immortal. Markus was bitten by a bat and metamorphosed into a vampire, while William was bitten by a wolf and metamorphosed into a werewolf. The third son remained human and gave rise to a line of mortal descendants including Michael, who became the first Lycan-Vampire hybrid. The first werewolves created by William were entirely feral and unable to return to their human forms. Due to William's destructiveness, Markus approached Viktor, then a dying mortal warlord, and offered to metamorphose him and his army into vampires in exchange for tracking down and stopping William, and destroying those he had infected. Viktor did not kill the brothers because he was led to believe that doing so would result in the immediate extinction of all vampires and Lycans. Tanis further reveals that Selene's father was the architect who built William's prison and that the pendant is the key. Viktor killed Selene's family because they knew the prison's location, but metamorphosed Selene into a vampire with the location of the prison encoded in her blood. Tanis then refers Selene and Michael to Macaro for help. After Selene and Michael leave, Markus arrives and drinks Tanis' blood to learn Selene and Michael's location, killing Tanis.

Visiting Macaro, Selene and Michael discover he is Alexander Corvinus. Alexander reveals that he has devoted his entire immortal life to keeping the Vampire-Lycan war a secret, and refuses to assist Selene in killing his sons. Markus arrives, fights Michael and impales him. He learns the location of William's prison by drinking Selene's blood before mortally wounding his father and obtaining the other half of the pendant. He mocks his father's refusal to help William, revealing that he intends, with William, to rule the world as the master of a race of vampire-Lycan hybrids. At Alexander's bidding, Selene drinks his blood, enhancing her physical strength and healing abilities to a level equivalent to that of a hybrid. Afterwards, Alexander blows up his ship, killing himself.

Selene, aboard Alexander's helicopter, leads his team to the prison to confront and destroy Markus, but he has already freed William. In the ensuing battle, Michael, presumed dead and carried aboard the helicopter, awakens and joins the fight in his hybrid form, killing William by ripping his head off. Selene engages Markus in hand-to-hand combat, killing him by pushing him into the rotor blades of the team's crashed helicopter.

After the battle, Selene discovers that Alexander's blood granted her hybrid abilities, including being immune to the effects of sunlight, which is lethal to vampires.

Cast

 * Kate Beckinsale as Selene
 * Lily Mo Sheen as young Selene
 * Scott Speedman as Michael Corvin
 * Tony Curran as Markus Corvinus
 * Derek Jacobi as Alexander Corvinus / Lorenz Macaro
 * Steven Mackintosh as Andreas Tanis
 * Shane Brolly as Kraven
 * Bill Nighy as Viktor
 * Zita Görög as Amelia
 * Brian Steele as William Corvinus
 * Andrew Kavadas as Selene's Father
 * Kayla Levins as Selene's Sister
 * John Mann as Samuel

Soundtrack

 * Track listing

Box office
The film opened at #1 on 3,207 screens with a weekend box office (January 20–22, 2006) of $26.9 million, for an average of $8,388 per theater. As of March 12, 2006, the film had grossed a total of $62.3 million in the United States and $111.3 million worldwide.

Critical response
As of August 31, 2021, Underworld: Evolution has a 17% overall approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 104 reviews, with an average rating of 4/10. The site's consensus reads. The site's consensus reads, "A visual and aural assault on the senses, this vampire-werewolf sequel makes a lot of noise and features a heavy-handed, overly convoluted story." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale. A few scenes of the film were shown in a panel at Comic-Con in San Diego, in July 2005; however, these scenes did not contain any plot spoilers of the script, with attendees only being informed about the new hybrids by production designer Patrick Tatopoulos. The preview was well-received as hundreds of fans waited hours to see a clip of the film, as well as Kate Beckinsale and the other stars.

Jeannette Catsoulis of The New York Times criticized the film's "steel-blue filter" and described it as "a monotonous barrage of computer-generated fur and fangs." Peter Hartlaub of the San Francisco Chronicle began his review by saying, "you can tell that Underworld: Evolution is trying to be an artistic action-horror film, because every scene is bathed in the color blue," going on to say that the film is "an admirable attempt to test the boundaries of the genre," though is confusing and not fun to watch.

Home media
The film was released on DVD on June 6, 2006, and on Blu-ray on June 20, 2006.

Prequel and sequel
The next film in the series, the prequel Underworld: Rise of the Lycans, depicted the background history that led to the Vampire-Lycan War of the first and second films. A fourth and fifth film, the sequels to Underworld: Evolution, titled Underworld: Awakening and Underworld: Blood Wars, were released on January 20, 2012, and January 6, 2017, respectively.

title: Underworld: Evolution


text:
The Adventures of Women & Men Without Hate in the 21st Century

The Adventures of Women & Men Without Hate in the 21st Century, often shortened to In the 21st Century, is the fourth studio album by Canadian synth-pop group Men Without Hats, released in 1989. It was the second and last album to be released with the lineup of Ivan Doroschuk (vocals), Stefan Doroschuk (guitar), Marika Tjelios (bass), Heidi Garcia (backing vocals), Richard Samson (drums) and Bruce Murphy (keyboards), which was also the lineup that toured to promote the previous album Pop Goes the World.

Recording history
The lineup that recorded the album was essentially the touring band from Pop Goes the World.

Ivan Doroschuk, in an interview released on a promotional disc around the time of the album, stated that the original title of the album was The Adventures of Men Without Hats in the 21st Century, but the title went through several revisions, including The Adventures of Men and Women Without Hats in the 21st Century before swapping the order of "Men and Women" around and changing the word "Hats" to "Hate". In the same interview, Ivan also explained that the band decided to omit their crossed-out-man-with-hat logo due to Ivan hearing about a Jamaican bar prohibiting Rastafarians from entering, which was indicated using a sign that looked similar to the group's logo. A new logo, a heart with the number 21 in it, was devised for the album, being used for all artwork related to the record.

The album was recorded in 1988 at a studio in Briarcliff Manor, New York. The group would return in 1990 to record the followup, Sideways.

The album is much more serious than the group's previous work, with lyrics focusing on subjects such as environmentalism ("In the 21st Century"), domestic violence ("Hey Men") and commercialism ("Everybody's Selling Something", "I'm in Love"). There are also simple songs about love and life ("You and Me", "All We Do", "Eloise and I", "Underneath the Rainbow"). Musically, it is a pop rock album with slight synthpop influence.

"All We Do", one of three ballads on the album, was written in 1986 and performed on the tour to promote Pop Goes the World. The other two ballads are "You and Me" and "Underneath the Rainbow".

The final track, "21st Century Safety Dance", was described by Ivan in the press release for the album as a "warning" track, explaining his beliefs that all music would sound like it unless people "got [their] act together".

Due to being recorded in the United States, the album does not qualify for the "P" (performance) element of MAPL Canadian content certification. The CD indicates that the album is 75% Canadian content (CanCon) except for "S.O.S.", which is 25% CanCon.

Singles
The initial track of this album and "Hey Men" both became singles with corresponding music videos. "Here Come the '90s" and "You and Me" were also released as promo singles.

The music video to "In the 21st Century", filmed in early 1990, shows the band performing against a starry backdrop while imagery from the album cover flashes by. Guitarist Stefan Doroschuk appears in a wheelchair, having been involved in a car accident in which both of his legs and one of his arms were broken a month prior.

Charts
The album was certified gold by Music Canada in October 1989, for Canadian sales of over 50,000 units.

Track listing
On CD copies of the album, the intro to "Eloise and I" is indexed as a separate track running 1:10 (listed on some copies as "Intro: Eloise"), while the song itself runs 3:05. The intro is omitted from South African LP copies of the album. "You and Me" is preceded by an unlisted piano intro, which is entitled "Isle of You" according to the BMI database.

Personnel

 * Ivan Doroschuk – vocals
 * Stefan Doroschuk – guitars, bass, keyboards
 * Marika Tjellos – keyboard bass
 * Lenny Pinkas – keyboards, programming
 * Bruce Murphy – keyboards
 * Richard Samson – drums
 * Heidi Garcia, Colin Doroschuk – backing vocals


text: User talk:80.2.161.225

title: User talk:80.2.161.225