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Battle City

Battle City (バトルシティー) is a multi-directional shooter video game for the Family Computer produced and published in 1985 by Namco. It is a successor to Namco's 1980 Tank Battalion, and would be succeeded itself by the 1991 Tank Force.

An arcade version for the Nintendo VS. System would follow, along with a Game Boy version in 1991, which was developed and published by Nova Games. The Famicom version was later included as an unlockable in the Japanese release of Star Fox Assault, and would eventually be digitally re-released via the Virtual Console for Wii and Wii U.

Although the Famicom version was never officially released outside Japan, a hack of Battle City named "Tank 1990" was one of the most common inclusions in unofficial famiclone multicarts.

Gameplay
The player controls a tank and shoot projectiles to destroy enemy tanks around the playfield. The enemy tanks enter from the top of the screen and attempt to destroy the player's base (represented on the screen as a phoenix symbol), as well as the player's tank itself. A level is completed when the player destroys 20 enemy tanks, but the game ends if the player's base is destroyed or the player loses all available lives. Note that the player can destroy the base as well, so the player can still lose even after all enemy tanks are destroyed.

Battle City contains 35 different stages that are 13 units wide by 13 units high. Each map contains different types of terrain and obstacles. Examples include brick walls that can be destroyed by having either the player's tank or an enemy tank shoot at them, steel walls that can be destroyed by the player if they have collected three stars, bushes that hide tanks under them, ice fields that make it difficult to control the tank and patches of water which cannot be crossed by tanks. The game becomes more challenging in later levels, as enemy tanks may act as decoys to lure players away from their base so that another tank can destroy it. In addition, flashing red tanks releases a random power-up when destroyed. There are several types of power-ups, such as a clock that stops all enemies, a protective shield, and a bomb that eliminates all on-screen enemies. The enemy tanks come in four different sizes, with the largest one requiring four shots to destroy.

Features
The original Famicom version of Battle City provides a co-op multiplayer mode and a built-in level editor, one of the earliest video games to do so. Due to its simplicity, Battle City hosts an extensive ROM hacking scene.

title: Battle City


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Talk:Regent Seven Seas Cruises

More Info
This article definetly needs more info - ships, company, history, etc. Splamo 23:02, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Awards
Wikipedia should not be filled up with long lists of awards. It would take too much space and amounts to nothing more than advertising. Should every page on a company, product, or service contains such lists? If so pages such as Cunard, Disney, Ford, etc. would go on forever. Kablammo 20:24, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:RSSC.jpg
Image:RSSC.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 03:53, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Regent Seven Seas Cruises


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User:Peter Ellis/10 random pages

Here is my archive for my personal "10 random pages" project.

Note: I do not necessarily touch or 'fix' things that I could!

The date is when I started that group of 10.

 * Sixteenth - coming

 * Fifteenth (17 January 2006): Baal Zephon / Baal-zephon - biblical places; Jack Stalcup - jazzy; Intermodulation noise - something I know a little about; Sleepycat Software - looks a bit 'advertorial' at present; Tales of the Reaching Moon - historical, barely; Bradford County - disambig; Pyrazolopyrimidine - drug type; Around the World in a Day - album; Cronartiaceae fingi; Naram-Sin - I used to play Sargon (chess).

 * Fourteenth (27 April 2005): Welland - a disambig.; Bojonegoro - an Indonesian town that someone must have visited!; Rafe Champion - an Australian writer who I've never heard of before, but I had probably should have; Banco do Brasil - obvious, really; Adriean Videanu - a Mayor; Winter Quarters, Nebraska - a saintly place?; Front-runner - a leading article; Chris Hecker - a game-boy; Kathalijne Buitenweg - a substitute article (read iot to get the allusion); Circus (2000 movie) - gone but (not) forgotten;

 * Thirteenth (25 April 2005): Babushka Adoption Foundation - there must be more to say; Ussuri Cossacks - Again, more...; Nosica - never heard of it; Nugatti - Ah, nougat (it rhymes!); Limiting magnitude - No limits!; January 24 - generated automagically; Thomas Norman Jackson - photo?; Waking Up With the House on Fire - not my culture; Kavkaz Center - not much more to say; Railway station layouts - It takes all types... to know this stuff!;

 * Twelfth (10 March 2005): Nightwatchman (cricket) - but not a 'fake'; Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Women's 20 km Walk - Well done; CIE 501 Class - interesting, but needs links and/or picture; Wei Zhongxian - Ah...; White list - as opposed to...; Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej - looks good; Joint Inter-Domain Management - About as little as could be put on a page; North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization - fishy ; Victorian Order of Nurses - very worthy; Datura stramonium - I'll be "kicking up a stink" over this;

 * Eleventh (5 February 2005): John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough - there has to be more; (At this point, I had my first "repeat", Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR and I'm still happy to leave it to an expert; Merginae - Well done; Maurice LaMarche - interesting; Bledisloe Cup - sporty; Danny John-Jules - expandable; William McIlvanney - very expandable; WACY - TV; Green Valley, Wisconsin - leading to... ; Gloucester Road tube station - also leading to... ; Camden Palace - begging for more;

 * Tenth (30 January 2005): Fox co 2d bn 23d marines - agree on clean-up!; Denis Thatcher - deserves a picture; Inter-faithism - why not call a spade a shovel!?!; Gustafs skål - music to my eyes; Wilson Marion Cooper - well done; Tegel - interesting, but brief; Boulton, Watt and Murdoch - picture?; Edward Guilford - deserves more; Battle on the Ice - wow!; Heartburn - gives me a pain;

 * Nineth (29 January 2005): Bishopston, Bristol - needs some local colour; Adam Dutkiewicz - fandom; Ibid - explains everything; Lotus 78 - needs more, inc. picture; Proteus (disambiguation) - leads to...; Leptosiaphos - skink; Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR - importance; Siberia Khanate - regional importance?; 6600 - not a numerically challenged The 4400; Ames, Iowa - well done;

 * Eighth (19 January 2005): Maritza Sayalero - but no picture?!?; Operation Good Guys - fantastic; Royal Mail Ship - one of the original TLAs; God Fodder - enough to blow you to atoms; LÉ Aoife (P22) - there's no joke!; Egon Eiermann - There must be more to draw on; Flower/Halloween - music; Tilting train - mechanical; Cadet Records - but which recording artists?!?; Flail - surprisingly flull (sic) description;

 * Seventh (5 January 2005): Exmoor Horn - a sheepish entry; Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers - well, look at that!; Cretaceous - periodically interesting; Azem Hajdari - worth working on; Northern Buddhism - Confucius say...; List of state leaders in 1574 - Oh, please!?!; Markyate - well laid out town; Bowsprit - sailors follow anything...; Kelemvor - something I know nothing about, and have no wish to learn; Alonzo J. Edgerton - a life well lived, it seems;

 * Sixth (31 December 2004): List of ZIP Codes in Delaware - rivetting!; Firebird (Russian folklore) - interesting; Pop rap - uninteresting; Emo - as opposed to Álternative; Mason Township, Michigan - There are some original folk in Michigan; A few acres of snow - au contrare... ; Hexachrome - needs colour; Pharamond - there´s more to this...; Amphibian - diambiguation for its own sake, I think; Marián Calfa - Czech it out;

 * Fifth (28 December 2004): Malcolm Saville - thin bio page; Walter Womersley - thin bio page (now much less so!); 1626 in science - thin, and what does a person do with it?; Perrières - someone obvious wants a list...; Tengiz Field - a well-oiled page; Henry II of Jerusalem - well done; Lieutenant Governor of Texas - okay; Patrick_Steptoe/Temp - copyright-proofed new page; Stinson, Ontario - step up to this, Canuks!; Earl of Anglesey - disambig for some interesting people;

 * Fourth (which I was surprised to find ´´could´´ be helped) : Statistical parameter - when is a stub not a stub?; Bubonic plague - morbidly well rounded (so, untouched); Alain Caron - disambig mostly useful for Alain Caron (bass player) that I did flesh out; Rhein-Kreis Neuss - surprisingly full; Loukoumas - I want to get some Greek pronunciation (in English) here; Russulales - begs work from a botanist (which I am not); Coat of Arms of Singapore - well done; University of Pavia - links and lists, but no content (until I did some translating); Burley - disambig Burleigh; Mike Duke - very stubby until I looked around;

 * Third (most of which I can't do much about): Project Mogul - thin on details, still; A. K. Antony - I'll ask an Indian acquaintance; A Change of Seasons - by Dream Theatre; Israeli MIAs - I can never find a barge pole when I need one!; Lona - Hmmmm...; David Scott (painter) - needs some images, etc; Crossbar switch - needs an image (which I found); Millsaps College - needs an alumni; Geniculate nucleus - needs a medical doctor for the medial geniculate nucleus; Ostuni - needs and Italian or a recent tourist

 * Second (some of which I'm just NOT touching!): Baking - thinly written but could be good; Szczecin-Podborz - minimal; Ministry of the Environment (Japan) - very thin; Amir Vahedi - beginnings of a good article; All India Tribes and Minorities Front - needs work; Kitakawabe, Saitama - minimal; War of the Dwarves and Orcs - Um.....; Shiraz grape - could be fuller-bodied; Swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics - needs a Subject Matter Expert (SME); Miroslav Klose - needs a Subject Matter Expert (SME) who cares!

 * First (most of which I found stimulating to assist along): Charmaine Reid - a stub; The Zodiac - music group; John Julius Angerstein; Archie Bunker's Place - TV sitcom; Email client - form of software; Crumhorn - musical instrument of the Renaissance period; Timeline of underwater technology; Hydrogen-5 - isotope of Hydrogen; Mungo Park - 18th century explorer of Africa; The Iguanas - music group - a stub

title: User:Peter Ellis/10 random pages


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Talk:Middlesex/page move

This is an archived discussion that took place at Requested moves. Please do not edit this page. If you wish to discuss this decision or archive please use Talk:Middlesex. -- Francs2000 | Talk 19:54, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Middlesex, England → Middlesex

 * and as a consequence Middlesex → Middlesex (disambiguation)

Middlesex, England is the orignal meaning from which all others are derived and is still the primary unqualified meaning, as can be seen when clicking on Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Middlesex. This also follows the convention set by Suffolk, Norfolk, Essex, Yorkshire etc.. Jooler Cburnett 19:02, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Carrp 15:01, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * No. Oppose strenuously. Leave as it is. Too many Middlesexes in the world to dedicate the name to only one...even if it is the origin.  Heck, I've spent a lot of time in Middlesex, New Jersey (USA) (a borough) which is in Middlesex County, New Jersey. While it is probably not a problem that will happen with incredible frequency, I'd rather have the disambiguation at Middlesex for the chance that someday I'd ever search for any one of the myriad of subjects named Middlesex (including a few that aren't on this disambiguated list). —ExplorerCDT 15:12, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The number of references to Middlesex, England has been inflated by the agendas of some editors. Susvolans (pigs can fly) 17:24, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * What does that mean? Jooler
 * Oppose. There are too many other notable uses of Middlesex for the one in England to get primary disambiguation. Although Susvolans indicates that there may have been some sort of intent behind adding mistaken links to Middlesex when they should have linked to Middlesex, England, I'm willing to allow that it may have been accidental. I appears that User:Mrsteviec created a lot of these links by adding a table to a whole lot of places in London (for example and, two picked at random). Mrsteviec should have been more careful about checking the links in the table before plastering it all over these articles. But carelessness is not an argument for giving a page primary topic disambiguation. older ≠ wiser 18:00, Jan 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * This argument doesn't wash. Even without mrsteviec's links there were plenty of links pointing to Middlesex, meaning Middlesex in England because Middlessex without qualification usually means England. The same applies to Essex, Sussex, Norfolk etc.. Jooler
 * Comment: England isn't the extent of the English-speaking world. On the other side of the pond, we usually don't think of what is now a non-extant government entity near London. I heard names like Sussex, Essex or Middlesex, my first thoughts are to the counties in my native New Jersey, or in some contexts...mentions of Sussex and Middlesex lead me to thoughts of boroughs of the same name within those counties (ironically, neither being the seat of said counties which leads to much confusion).  I hear Norfolk, and my first thought is to the naval base in Virginia, and the second to the naval vessel in Patrick O'Brien's novel The Far Side of the World (the basis for the 2003 film Master and Commander...etc.).  There are Essexes, Sussexes, Middlesexes and Norfolks all over the face of this planet, and for different people in various locales they raise different associations.  I would wager that someone in Northern New York will first think of Essex County, New York before they think of Essex in England.  When in doubt, or when a name isn't exclusive to solely one singular interpretation (as is the case herein), disambiguation is in order.  Heck, I haven't even started commenting on people who would be searching for the novel at the bottom of the list when they type "Middlesex" and click "Go."  Thus, it is, in fact, your argument that doesn't wash, Jooler. —ExplorerCDT 18:30, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * My dear chap - Middlesex goes back to 704AD, thirteen hundred years. That means 1300 years worth of history, 1300 years worth of historical references on Wikipedia. That fact that there are numerous places called Middlesex is because of that history. I note BTW that when User:Stepp-Wulf added information regarding the provenance of the name for Middlesex, New York he used the unqualified link, presumably without giving it a second thought that it needed disambiguating. Jooler 18:48, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * So? Yours is not the only Middlesex, and you fail to acknowledge that. —ExplorerCDT 06:55, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * In my native Massachusetts there are also Middlesex and Essex counties, so that's a few million more people who do not associate Middlesex primarily with Middlesex, England. Carrp 18:58, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * To replace a disambiguation page, it's not a matter of just proving that one usage was first or has the majority of links. It's necessary to show that one usage is so overwhelmingly popular that the other uses are trivial by comparison. For example, there are several states in the US that have a city or town named London, but obviously the city in the UK is vastly more popular than any of them. However, in this case there seems to be a fair number of people (mostly from the US) who do not associate Middlesex with Middlesex, England. The English county is still the most important, but its usage isn't high enough to warrant replacing the disambigauation page. Carrp 19:20, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I find no guidelines that give your statements merit. Cburnett 19:37, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * You say "but its usage isn't high enough" but you don't say, what dictates what is and what isn't high enough usage. I reckon 1300 years worth of historical usage outweighs any other usage by a considerable margin. Jooler
 * Your first point is quite valid. It's difficult to quantify exactly what level of usage would be high enough. At Disambiguation it states "Do not disambiguate, or add a link to a disambiguation page, if there is no risk of confusion" (emphasis is not mine). I read this to mean that in order to override disambiguation the usage should be extremely high, perhaps over 90%. Since there are tens of millions of Americans living in states with a Middlesex county, I don't think Middlesex, England is known as the "one and only" Middlesex. I don't mean to imply that Middlesex, England or its history isn't important. It's simply that disambiguation should be used in cases where there could be confusion, and from the votes thus far, this is one of those cases. Carrp 20:36, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Well here I make the same point as below. We are building an encyclopaedia not a gazeteer. Middlesex, New York has precisely 5 links at the moment (one of them from here), the rest are basically cross references. If you take out the cross references from the lins for Middlesex County, Massachusetts (most of which were generated by a bot from census data) then there are only about 5 actual encyclopaedic links. If you look at the links for Middlesex, England there are more than 500 a lot of encyclopaedic links whilst Middlesex has about 500 another load that should be pointing at Middlesex, London. This is the criterion of "usage" that appear to have neglected to take into consideration. Jooler 22:27, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Ahem. Let's not distort facts, OK. There are (as of a few hours ago) exactly 166 links to Middlesex. Of those, 78 are genuine references in articles to Middlesex, England. 61 additional links are due to the table added by User:Mrsteviec around December 25-27, 2004. ALL of those links could have been avoided if a little bit more care had been exercised in constructing the table. The remainder of links are either not in the article namespace, i.e., Wikipedia pages, talk pages, user pages, or on similar disambiguation pages, e.g., Middletown. There are exactly 236 links to Middlesex, England, and ten of those are not in the article namespace. While there are more links to Middlesex, England than to the other Middlesexes, you do your argument a grave disservice by making such gross exagerations. older ≠ wiser 22:52, Jan 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * OK fair enough. I admit I didn't bother to count 'em, thanks for doing so. I apologise for exagerating, I just had a quick look and assumed that there were more than 500 links as 500 is the maximum that it shows and I had to scroll the page alot. The point is still valid. Jooler 23:16, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, Cburnett, Carrp has a point with considerable merit. While it does not reference any particular Wikipedia policy, it explains and justifies the rationale for disambiguation pages.  However, in his retort, Carrp did fail to qualify that the English county in question is a "former" English county. —ExplorerCDT 19:45, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Some corrections and qualifications required here. It is true that is is no longer an administrative county. In this context it was swallowed up by the expansion of London, much like New York City swallowed up Brooklyn. So most of it is now administered as a number of London boroughs and the rump was transferred to Berkshire and Surrey. However it is still used as a place designation, i.e. very many people still put Middlesex on their postal address. But this is somewhat beside the point - we are not building a gazeteer of current administrative regions. Middlesex in an encyclopaedic context is as 'real' as any other place with a 1300 year old ongoing history. Jooler 20:30, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Likewise, correction is required. New York City didn't "swallow up" Brooklyn.  If you used Dallas-Fort Worth as an example, you would be correct.  However, your analogy is wrong.  The five boroughs combined almost 200 separate towns and divisions into five boroughs (many of the place names still exist without the governments).  But, Brooklyn still exists, with its own borough government, borough president, etc.  But 1300 years or not, it is not the first thing I (and many others) think of when I (we) hear Middlesex which means quite obviously that it is not the dominate usage, and as such is not the frontrunner for being the only Middlesex worthy of monopolizing the name.  Sure, we may acknowledge with a bit of education that our Middlesex wouldn't have the name if it weren't for your Middlesex.  But your Middlesex doesn't even survive as a corporate entity anymore...so that does take a big bite out of the saliency of your desired outcome. —ExplorerCDT 22:59, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * No my analogy was correct, but only as far as I intended it to go. Brooklyn is now part of Ney York City. Middlesex is now a part of London. That was as far as the analogy was meant to go. What was the county of Middlesex is now part of Greater London. The County administration was disolved in 1965 and replaced with several london boroughs. Middlesex still exists, but not in an administrative sense. As several people have been pointing out there is still a Middlesex County Cricket Club. As far as Wikipedia is concerned Middlesex exists because we have very many articles that directly reference it, just like we have many articles referencing Troy which doesn't exist anymore. Would you suggesting that we should move Troy (disambiguation) to Troy on the basis that it no longer exists? Jooler 23:51, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * You're still wrong about Brooklyn. Brooklyn exists as a corporate entity, and has a government.  The only thing swallowed during the 1898 consolidation of New York City was the county government for Kings County (which while it still exists was overlapped to become what is now Brooklyn's borough government).  New York City is just an umbrella for five boroughs providing consolidated services like sanitation, police, fire, etc. that are cheaper shared than if each borough government provided it separately.  However, each of the borough's retains a bit of autonomy through their own elected local governments (Council's and borough presidents) just like each of the counties in England have their own semi-autonomous County Councils...that is, except for Middlesex (England), because it doesn't exist anymore.  How can you claim supremacy in this circumstance for an entity that was erased from the official roles four decades ago?  As for Troy, I'd agree with that move.  First, I'd remind you that there were like 9 or 10 cities called Troy at that site in Asia Minor, and secondly, I know more people from Troy, New York than I'll ever know from the metrics of Virgil and Homer. —ExplorerCDT 00:51, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Enough with the New York thing it is not relevant to this discussion, but to put a cap on it - Does Brooklyn still have a mayor? No. Ok - Does the Mayor of New York City, Michael Bloomberg, have authority in Brooklyn? Yes - right end of story. Please don't nit pick with this it is very boring and irrelevant. Good god the fact that a place has lost its administraton is no reason to rip out the encyclopaedia page and stick it in the appendix. We don't relegate the Roman Empire because it fell, over a thousand years ago. We still have yorkshire, England at Yorkshire even though it no longer has a single administration. It doesn't become unimportant in encyclopaedic significance. Middlesex County, (wherever), USA - for sure is significant for someone living there but unless it has 'encyclopaedic significance on a par with Middlesex in England, you have no argument. This is, after all, an Encyclopaedia. You seem to be approaching this discussion with a distinctly personal agenda. Why do you keep talking about your subjective experiences? You know people from Troy, New York therefore Ancient Troy should be moved. You know people from Middlesex, New York, therefore no move for Middlesex, England. Jooler 01:20, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, you brought it up, so don't blame me for taking your erroneous argument to its logical conclusion. Brooklyn doesn't have a mayor, it has a borough council and a borough president, just like the United States has a President who has authority over the American states, but New Jersey, New York, Montana, and 47 other states also have Governors, and beneath those governors local (either county or municipal governments) but then again in your own jolly Britain, Tony Blair has authority over the Kingdom, but does that mean County and City Councils are ineffective, or that their existence as an entity (or in Middlesex's case, a nonentity at present) is without justification?  I nitpick (as you perceive it) because you attempt to push this requested move with the arrogant presumption to think that your Middlesex is the biggest and best of all of them and should wear the laurels, push aside all the others and to support it you brought up a faulty analogy (comparing it to Brooklyn) which you thought relevant until the moment I poked holes in your argument big enough to drive a Nimitz class aircraft carrier through with berthing room to spare.  Also, about significance, it is always subjective and relative by its nature.  Just to give you some edification since you think outside of your precious "Middlesex" none other have anything to offer this world, Middlesex County, New Jersey was the site of some pretty tough battles for Continental Army under George Washington during the American Revolution...if that's not encyclopedic then you have no concept of measuring significance, a drawback that shows painfully in your arguments.  I have no personal agenda other than taking down the arguments where you offer faulty post hoc ergo propter hoc and non sequitur premises thinking that they justify the equally faulty result you desire.  And for the examples you bring to the table, what problem is there in pointing out that other people see things differently than do you? —ExplorerCDT 04:49, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Firstly the very boring bit - I only brought up Brooklyn to illustrate the process of a city expanding to encompass other administrative areas, I probably shouldn't have bothered because it was probably self-evident, but you have chosen to latch onto my mentioning of it. There are probably more parallels than you think, but I'm not really interested in laying out the administrative history of the expansion of London here. In any case the administrative arrangements of NYC, as well as being exceedingly boring, have absolutley nothing to do with moving Middlesex, England page on Wikipedia, which is supposedly what we are trying to discuss here. So from now on, if you really want to continue this debate (and it is now becomming rather tiresome and lengthy and I think it probably should be continued elsewhere, if at all) I would like you to concentrate on the issue at hand.
 * Again, you brought it up. I only follow where you take the discussion.  If you didn't bring up incorrect information and faulty analogies in the first place, I sure wouldn't have touched upon it. —ExplorerCDT 06:41, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I brought up the London expanded and so did New York, and that was the only point of referencing Brooklyn. You decided to go into boring detail about how New York is governed that is of absolutlety no bearing on the subject whatsoever. Jooler 07:19, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Once again, you brought it up, and you were wrong. It took a while, but you needed to be corrected.  Now that you lose, you say the argument was a waste of time. —ExplorerCDT 16:18, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Next, the slightly less boring bit - You accuse me of arrogantly wanting to push the move because I think that '[my] Middlesex is the biggest and best of all of them'. Firstly it isn't 'my Middlesex' I don't live anywhere near it and as far as I know I have no relatives or friends who live there. Secondly Middlesex was one of the smallest counties in England, so "biggest and best?" get real. It is simply a no-braineer that the wealth of historical information, in this Encyclopaedia, that have a connection to Middlesex in England, will inevitably result in references to Middlesex being far more numerous than all of the the others put together including references to your Revolutionary War battles etc.. Speaking of Battles, Brentford in Middlesex has seen a fair bit of action over the years. Julius Caesar fought Cassivellaunus there in 54 BC; in 1016 Edmund Ironside beat of Canute the Great and in 1642 Prince Rupert saw off the Parliamentarians.Jooler 06:03, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * So What? Who cares?  Does that make your beloved Middlesex so mighty and indomitable that there can be no other Middlesex worthy?  Does that mean all other Middlesexes are rendered so inferior that the currently working status quo needs to be changed or else little Middlesex would get upset?  If your answer to these last two questions is "yes" you have delusions of grandeur, buddy. As I said before, I don't give a shit if it was 704AD, or 1696AD or 8000BC, your Middlesex, and my Middlesex, aren't the only things named Middlesex. I realize that, and support the disambiguation as it currently exists. You just don't seem to realize that fact and have been stubborn as much as you have been wrong. —ExplorerCDT 06:41, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Again it isn't my Middlesex. I didn't really think that that contribution was very constructive. "So what, who gives a shit" doesn't really take us anywhere. You seem to be looking at this subject as some kind of battle of worthiness. I'm merely looking at how useful having a page at a particular location is in the context of this encyclopaedia. Jooler 07:09, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Still boring. I've just re-read this whole entry. So what it boils down to is this. You say there are millions of people living in the vicinity of Middlesex something or other, USA - who, when they hear the word Middlesex don't think of Middlesex England, therefore Middlesex, England isn't well known enough to take the spot at Middlesex. Have I got that correct ? Jooler 06:37, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Part of it. That was merely a premise supporting the conclusion that it works as is, disambiguation at Middlesex directs everyone to the Middlesex they want (including—rather high up on the list—your beloved Middlesex, England) without having to search beyond typing "Middlesex" and clicking "Go." Much of this debate, while tiresome, has been only to counter your faulty arguments raised for no other reason but that you were visibly perturbed that someone (a few of us in all actuality) had the gall to oppose your preciously-held requested move.  While my efforts may have been abrasive, your stubborn and misguided efforts needed to be countered. —ExplorerCDT 06:47, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't know why you insist on talking about 'my beloved Middlesex'. The disambiguation doesn't work as it is. If it did there wouldn't be several hundred links for Middlesex, England pointing at Middlesex. You speak of "faulty arguments", I've yet to see any direct countering to them other than your "so what, who gices a shit" attitude. My argument, follows the same reason why we have Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk and Yorkshire etc. located where they are. If my reasoning is faulty, then so is the reasoning behind having those articles located where they are. This is particularly true in the case of Yorkshire which is no longer an administrative county. I believe that the reason why those articles are located where they are is sound. Middlesex is the exception, and I think the exception is unnecessary. Jooler 07:09, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Lengthy and pointless discussion with User:ExplorerCDT moved to User talk:Jooler/lengthy and pointless discussion
 * Restored what I agree to be a lenghty and pointless discussion simply because you, Jooler, can't selectively edit what you want here or elsewhere on a public page. If this was your talk page, I wouldn't have any qualms about you selectively editing conversations, but in a public page, it's not good faith, especially when you lose the argument at hand. —ExplorerCDT 15:59, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * OK I feel like a chump. Having just read Requests for comment/ExplorerCDT and Requests for comment/ExplorerCDT 2, I see that I am dealing with a troll who is close to being banned. Goodnight. Jooler 07:43, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I notice everyone who loses an argument ends up claiming the victor is a troll perhaps because he was stronger, more dogged in his points. On the other hand, the second RfC was the combination of old pranks no one really gets up in a huff about, combined with an honest mistake I made and a few others made a mountain out of a molehill. I really could care less what other people think, so I go about my business here knowing RfC is an inefficient process, and give them as much credibility as a war crimes trial (the war's winners picking on the war's losers, with shady definitions masqueraded in that nebulous compilation of relativist morals called "international law"). —ExplorerCDT 16:18, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Support: Middlesex, England predates every other Middlesex usage. It's what I think of when I see Middlesex (and I'm in Iowa).  I agree with Jooler's argument. Cburnett 19:02, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Main thing Middlesex means to me (and I am sure millions - or hundreds of millions - of other cricket fans throughout the world) is cricket. So I'll vote for Middlesex County Cricket Club as the primary meaning ;) - Guettarda 19:33, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I immediately think of Middlesex University. How about that for the primary one? ;) Timrollpickering 21:21, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * In Massachusetts, there's also Middlesex Community College . There's no WP article for it (yet) but it has two campuses and thousands of students. Carrp 22:23, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Following the time-honoured Wikipedia tradition of basing all decisions on Google, Middlesex University would win. But, as a cricketing fan I can claim a billion Indians on my side (since cricket beats all else in the subcontinent); unless you can claim China, I win ;) (and even then I can argue the whole "English speakers" line).  Guettarda 22:35, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Within the construct of a hypothetical analogy...I wonder if Jooler were a entomologist (a scientist who studies insects) would he/she propose moving Cricket the sport aside for Cricket the insect based on his personal desire to see his Cricket aggrandized? —ExplorerCDT 23:07, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * My Middlesex/Cricket? I abhore the game (apologies to those who loove it) and I've only rarely been to anywhere in Middlesex. I have no personal interest in this, I'm thinking purely from an usability point of view. Jooler
 * And it's more useable with the status quo. —ExplorerCDT 00:51, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. -Sean Curtin 20:00, Jan 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with Guettarda, jguk 20:16, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. violet/riga (t) 22:55, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Philip Baird Shearer 23:09, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose Nonenmac 03:50, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - If I saw "Middlesex" with not qualification, I would assume the one in England. john k 08:25, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Proteus (Talk) 17:12, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Timrollpickering 18:28, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support (albeit reluctantly after Jooler dissed cricket. Guettarda 18:34, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Like others I certainly think of England when I hear "Middlesex", even though I realize that there are probably places called Middlesex in America, just like there are places called Paris and Jerusalem. The historical references argument is also compelling. (I have no particular opinion on cricket.) / up land 19:05, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Noisy | Talk 01:54, Jan 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. --Sketchee 00:31, Jan 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Obvious candidate for primary topic disambiguation. -- Naive cynic 01:10, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support -- ALoan (Talk) 13:00, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support -- At first I wasn't convinced but having thought about it, most of the other Middlesex's are called "Middlesex County" rather than just "Middlesex", so most people looking for them would look under that name rather than just "Middlesex". I would suggest that if moved Middlesex County be made a redirect to Middlesex (disambiguation). Also this move would make it consistant with Essex, Sussex etc. G-Man 15:39, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, I would have thought it was fairly obvious personally. -- Francs2000 | Talk 16:43, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Since Jooler strenuously rejected the presence of the US Freedom of Information Act at Freedom of Information Act, Jooler’s arguments that Middlesex, England, came first and was the source of the other uses is inconsistent and seems very much like an anglocentric standard. Both facts are true and neither was acceptable to Jooler in the FOIA debate.  The 1300 years would be more impressive if (a) the modern form of ‘Middlesex’ had been around anywhere near as long, and (b) if there were actually going to be 1300 years worth of historical material to connect to Middlesex, England.  The further back in history we go, the less an encyclopedia is going to have to say about it.  I would also add that if Middlesex, England, is no longer an entity other than a place, then we should not confine ourselves to 1300 years.  It has been a place for as long as that place has been above sea level, and arguably before then too — but then so has every other place. — Ford 12:35, 2005 Jan 31 (UTC)
 * It goes without saying that being a Briton that articles connected with the UK and where they are posited on this site is of interest to me. Call that anglocentrism if you like, but you might note that I support the move of Cleveland, Ohio. If you accuse me of inconsistency then I can level the same charge against you over this issue which you oppose. The fact is that these issues are different. In regard to the movement of the US FOIA I said that chronological precedence (in and of itself) ".. comes way down the list of things to be considered. Our primary concern is usefulness." I take the same view with this, but there is a world of difference between the 40 years history of the US FOIA and 1300 years history of Middlesex. Yes 1300 years only relates to the use of "Middlesex" itself and as a place it has existed longer. As mentioned earlier Julius Caesar fought Cassivellaunus in Brentford in Middlesex in 54 BC. The extended history means that as far as Wikipedia is concerned there are going to be very many more references to Middlesex in England. I therefore contend that it is more useful to have Middlesex, England at Middlesex. It would also be consistent with the previously mentioned English counties. Jooler 13:06, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Just wondering did JC go to Brentford because it was the first town on the way from Heathrow to central London? "I had to go to this psychiatrist every week... He said I wasn't mad or anything. He said there's no such thing as madness. I told him he should try standing in a queue at Brentford football ground on a Saturday morning. I though it might change his mind." -The Who (Quadrophenia). Its not surprising he didn't stay. Philip Baird Shearer

 * For consistency, and as per the precedent of other placenames exported from England, such as Ipswich, Cambridge, Oxford, Exeter, and Durham, and as long as the disambiguation notice is equally as prominent as it is for those, Support. Uncle G 13:55, 2005 Jan 31 (UTC)
 * Support. Lengthy and tedious discussion notwithstanding, the original is IMO still the primary meaning. As for Anglo-centrism - well the other ones are named after the English original. Whose fault is that? ;-) Rd232 14:15, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Estel (talk) 17:46, Jan 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. ADH (t&m) 07:39, Feb 1, 2005 (UTC)

As this discussion was on the verge of reaching a consensus in favour of a page move at the time that it was archived by User:UtherSRG (currently at 17v9 in favour of a page move) he has stated on his talk page that he considers this discussion to still remain open. I will therefore be keeping watch on this discussion and will act accordingly when (if) a consensus is reached. -- Francs2000 | Talk 01:05, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Re Francs statement above. I didn't know the vote was already on and missed it. I would have voted with Francs2000 in support of a page move. As I told him on the UK Wikipedians talk page. I think that Middlesexes in America aren't well-known like Washington, say. We (British) wouldn't expect Washington in Tyne-and-Wear to take precedence in listing over the place in America.WikiUser 19:51, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Note: Consensus to move this page to Middlesex (and thus Middlesex to Middlesex (disambiguation)) was held, unchallenged, for a full 24-hour period. The page has therefore been moved. -- Francs2000 | Talk 19:51, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Middlesex/page move


text:
Karachi Stock Exchange

The Karachi Stock Exchange ( or PSX-KSE) was a stock exchange located in Karachi, Pakistan. Since 1947, it has been located at the Stock Exchange Building on I. I. Chundrigar Road. It has now been consolidated in the Pakistan Stock Exchange, along with the Lahore Stock Exchange and Islamabad Stock Exchange. The KSE was Pakistan's largest and oldest stock exchange. According to Bloomberg, the Pakistani benchmark stock market index is the third-best performer in the world since 2009. In June 2015, Khaleej Times reported that since 2009, Pakistani equities delivered 26% a year for US dollar investors, making Karachi the top-performing stock exchange in the world.

History
The Karachi Stock Exchange was established on 18 September 1947, after the arrival of the educated and affluent Muhajirs, and was incorporated as Karachi Stock Exchange Limited on 10 March 1949. The KSE began with 5 companies as KSE 50 with a total market capitalization of. For over 60 years, the KSE facilitated capital formation, serving a wide spectrum of participants, including individual and institutional investors. With a growing number of listed companies and trading activities by the late 1980s, another index was proposed. On 1 November 1991, the KSE 100 Index was introduced. By 1995, the need for a futures index was realized and on 18 September 1995, the KSE All Shares Index was introduced. To address the needs of the investors community, two other indexes were introduced in the late 1990s - the KSE-30 Index and KMI 30 Index. Work on a fully automated trading system began in the late 1990s and in 2002, the Karachi Automated Trading System or KATS was launched, which had the ability to handle over 1 million trades per day. In the same year, the KSE was declared the "Best Performing Stock Market of the World". In 2016, the Karachi Stock Exchange, Lahore Stock Exchange and Islamabad Stock Exchange were integrated under the Stock Exchanges (Corporatisation, Demutualization and Integration) Act, 2012 to form the Pakistan Stock Exchange.

Hours
The exchange has a trading session from 09:32am to 03:30pm PST and a post-market session from 03:31pm to 04:00pm PST from Monday to Thursday. On Friday, the trading session is split with the trading session beginning from 09:17am to 12:00pm and 02:32pm to 04:30pm. The exchange is closed on Saturdays and Sundays and holidays are declared by the exchange in advance.

title: Karachi Stock Exchange


text:
Commencement Bay-class escort carrier

The Commencement Bay-class escort aircraft carriers were the last class of escort carriers built for the US Navy in World War II.

The ships were based on the hull of the Maritime Commission type T3 tanker, which gave them a displacement of approximately 23,000 tons and a length of 557 feet (170 m). Unlike most earlier escort carrier classes, which were laid down as something else and converted to aircraft carriers mid-construction, the Commencement Bays were built as carriers from the keel up. Their general layout was similar to the Sangamon-class escort carriers, but some of the Sangamon's engineering shortcomings were addressed.

They entered service late in World War II – USS Commencement Bay launched on 9 May 1944 – so most of them saw little or no operational service. Thirty-five of them were ordered but many were cancelled prior to completion. Nineteen saw commissioned service in the US Navy, four were broken up on the ways at the end of the war, two were accepted from the builders but never commissioned, and the remainder were cancelled before being laid down.

After the war they were seen as potential helicopter, anti-submarine, or auxiliary (transport) carriers, and a number of ships served in these roles during the Korean War. The oncoming Jet Age ended their careers, as the ships were no longer large enough to safely carry the much larger jet aircraft of the late 1950s, and all units were out of service or reclassified by 1960.

Ships
All of the Commencement Bay-class escort carriers that were laid down were built by the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation (a.k.a. Todd Pacific Shipyards) in the Commencement Bay, Tacoma, Washington yard, in addition to the planned (but unnamed) ships CVE-128 through CVE-131. Planned (but unnamed) ships CVE-132 through CVE-139 were to be built by Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, in Vancouver, Washington, but were never laid down.

title: Commencement Bay-class escort carrier


text: User talk:128.206.105.106

title: User talk:128.206.105.106


text:
File:Medieval Total War.jpg

Cover art for the computer game Medieval: Total War.

Source: http://www.totalwar.com/community/medieval1.htm

Rationale for the fair use of this image in the article Medieval: Total War

 * The publisher has not released any such images to the public domain.
 * The image is used to identify the subject of the article.
 * The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the game.
 * The image is a web-resolution image.
 * The image's only purpose it to aid in the description the game Medieval: Total War, and for no other purpose.
 * The image does not limit the publishers's ability to sell the game.

title: File:Medieval Total War.jpg


text:
Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver

Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver is an action-adventure video game developed by Crystal Dynamics and published by Eidos Interactive. It was released for the PlayStation and Windows in 1999 and for the Dreamcast in 2000. As the second game in the Legacy of Kain series, Soul Reaver is the sequel to Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain. Soul Reaver was followed by three games, one of which, Soul Reaver 2, is a direct sequel.

Taking place 1500 years after the events of Blood Omen, Soul Reaver chronicles the journey of the vampire-turned-wraith Raziel, lieutenant to the vampire lord Kain. Raziel is killed by Kain, but is revived by The Elder God to become his "soul reaver" and to exact revenge. Raziel shares this title with Kain's sword, the Soul Reaver, which he acquires during the game.

Crystal Dynamics began development of the game in 1997, but a deteriorating relationship with Silicon Knights, who had developed Blood Omen, created legal problems. This and other delays forced material originally planned for Soul Reaver to be instead released with later games of the series. Soul Reaver was generally well received by critics and praised for its intriguing gothic story and high-quality graphics. However, the game was criticized for simple and repetitive gameplay and an unsatisfying climax. By 2001, the game sold 1.5 million copies worldwide.

Gameplay
The player controls Raziel, a disfigured and ghostly vampire. The game is normally shown from a third-person perspective behind Raziel, but players can rotate the viewpoint around him. Gameplay relies largely on shifting between the material and spectral planes of existence to progress through areas. Although interaction with objects is limited in the spectral realm, this can be advantageous, because Raziel can phase through otherwise impassable gates there, and water is insubstantial, allowing him to walk on lakebeds; however, blocks, doors, and switches can be manipulated only in the physical realm. Many puzzles are based on the differences between the two realms; for example, platforms and environment features in one realm may change form to open new paths in the other. Block puzzles are also common and require the rotation, flipping, and moving of large blocks to progress, often with a time limit and while avoiding enemies.

Combat in Soul Reaver is a hack and slash system, involving the use of combinations of various different attacks before a finishing move. Raziel's enemies are grouped into humans, spectral creatures, and most commonly, vampires. Human enemies include peasants, vampire hunters and vampire worshippers. In the spectral realm, players fight minor enemies called Sluagh and the souls of dead vampires who have become wraiths. Each brood of vampire enemies has unique powers reminiscent of their clan leader. Human and spectral enemies can be killed with Raziel's claws or any weapon, but vampires must be bludgeoned into a stunned state and then destroyed by impaling them, setting them on fire, or tossing them into a hazard such as sunlight or water. When killed, enemies leave behind souls that replenish Raziel's health, which automatically decreases in the material realm and increases in the spectral. Possession of the Soul Reaver sword stops automatic degeneration of health in the physical realm, but Raziel loses the sword instantly if he sustains damage and can regain it only by restoring his health to full.

At first, Raziel can jump, glide using his torn wings, move blocks, and pick up and throw objects and enemies. Initially unarmed, he fights using his claws, but can alternatively use weapons such as rocks, torches, spears and staffs, and the Soul Reaver. Raziel can freely shift to the spectral realm, but can return to the material realm only through special portals when at full health. Raziel automatically shifts to the spectral realm if he runs out of health. As the game progresses, Raziel gains the powers of his clan brothers after defeating them and becomes able to phase through gates in the spectral realm and climb walls in the material realm. Initially vulnerable to water, he overcomes this weakness and learns to swim. He also gains the ability to constrict objects and enemies with a band of energy, although this feature was one of the few abilities not to feature in future games. Players can find an ancient relic that gives Raziel the power to fire bolts of telekinetic energy, which cause little damage by themselves but can knock enemies into hazards and push objects from a distance. Baptism in holy flame can transform the Soul Reaver into the Fire Reaver, which can set enemies aflame and adds fire to Raziel's telekinetic bolts. Players can also find magical glyphs that allow Raziel to expend magical energy to attack groups of enemies simultaneously. These glyphs typically involve vampire weaknesses such as sunlight, fire, water, or sound, as well as additions such as telekinetic force (available well before the normal telekinesis becomes available) and the causing of earthquakes to temporarily stun enemies. Glyphs are acquired through finding glyph altars, specific locations in Nosgoth where the skills can be learned, and solving a puzzle before being granted the magical ability. However, Raziel begins the game with access to the 'Shift' glyph, granting the ability to shift between the material and spectral planes, with no glyph altar necessary.

Setting
Soul Reaver takes place within the fictional world of Nosgoth, where the health of the land is tied to the nine Pillars of Nosgoth, and each pillar in turn is represented by a guardian. Before the events of Soul Reaver, the guardians became corrupt, and, after Kain killed eight of them, he discovered he was the final one. Refusing to sacrifice himself to restore the Pillars, he doomed Nosgoth to eternal decay and proceeded to raise his vampire lieutenants, including Raziel, to besiege the land. By the time of Soul Reaver's introduction, the vampires are now the land's dominant species and apex predators, the humans have been decimated, and the vampire tribes have each claimed a region of Nosgoth and turned their attention to internal matters. Unknown to the vampires, beneath Nosgoth lurks The Elder God, an ancient and powerful entity. The Elder God controls the Wheel of Fate, a cycle of reincarnation of souls that circle the Wheel in a loop of predestination; however, because vampires are immortal, their souls do not spin with the Wheel, causing the land to decay as the Wheel stalls. By the time that Raziel is revived centuries after the game's opening cinematic, Nosgoth is on the brink of collapse, little more than a wasteland wracked with cataclysms and earthquakes.

Characters
The protagonist of Soul Reaver is the vampire-turned-wraith Raziel, whom Kain casts to death at the beginning of the game. Although Kain is the protagonist of the previous game, Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain, he is the primary antagonist and final boss of Soul Reaver. The Elder God resurrects and assists Raziel, explains the game's controls, and describes previous events in the story. Ariel, who preceded Kain as the guardian of the Pillar of Balance, appears as a spirit and offers Raziel advice on occasion. During his quest, Raziel meets his brothers - Melchiah, Zephon, Rahab and Dumah - who serve as the game's bosses. Each has developed different powers that Raziel partially gains by killing them and devouring their souls. A fifth brother, Turel, was omitted due to time constraints on development.

Story
Raziel approaches Kain's throne and extends newly grown wings. In an act of seeming jealousy, Kain tears the bones from Raziel's wings and has him thrown into the Lake of the Dead, a large natural whirlpool; however, Raziel is resurrected as a wraith by The Elder God to become his "soul reaver" and kill Kain, thus restoring Nosgoth. With The Elder God's guidance, Raziel adapts to his new form and returns to Nosgoth. Infiltrating a Necropolis inhabited by the Melchahim vampires, Raziel finds his brother Melchiah, who has devolved into a beast unable to sustain his own flesh. After Raziel kills Melchiah and absorbs his soul, he confronts Kain among the ruined Pillars of Nosgoth in the Sanctuary of the Clans. Kain does not appear surprised to see Raziel, apparently having even been expecting him, and implies that he has destroyed Raziel's vampire clan, which only enrages Raziel even further. When Raziel begins to criticize him, Kain simply launches a tirade against him before noting what has become of the empire and engaging him in combat. Kain quickly overpowers Raziel and attempts to strike him down with the Soul Reaver, a powerful sword that absorbs its victims' souls, but the Reaver shatters when it strikes Raziel, and Kain escapes, strangely satisfied. Raziel enters the spectral realm to find the blade's soul-devouring spectral form, which binds itself to him. After this, Raziel meets Ariel, who restores his strength, and learns of Zephon's location from The Elder God.

Raziel ventures into a large cathedral once inhabited by the humans and finds the Zephonim clan. After ascending into the cathedral's spires, he finds that Zephon is now a large insect like creature whose body has merged into the cathedral spire in which he dwells. Raziel kills Zephon and uses the gained power to infiltrate an ancient crypt. There, Raziel discovers coffins for members of the Sarafan, a fanatical order of vampire hunters killed centuries before Kain's rule. To Raziel's horror, he finds the crypt was designated for him and his brothers; as cruel irony, Kain revived the Sarafan to serve him as his vampire sons. Raziel ventures through a secret passage under the crypt and finds a flooded abbey inhabited by the Rahabim clan, whose members have mutated into amphibians; its leader, Rahab, has become a merman. Raziel tells Rahab what he has learned about their human pasts, but Rahab is unmoved, claiming that Kain "saved" them, and attacks. Raziel defeats Rahab and absorbs his soul, then crosses the Lake of the Dead to the abandoned fortress of his brother Dumah. The Elder God explains that the Dumahim vampires were scattered following an invasion of human hunters. Raziel eventually finds Dumah shackled to his throne with his heart pierced. Raziel revives Dumah and leads him into a giant furnace, burning him alive and absorbing his soul.

Afterward, Raziel discovers the Oracle's Cave, where Moebius the Time Streamer once hid the Chronoplast, a magical time machine. Raziel traverses the caves and finds Kain in the Chronoplast's control room. Raziel is angered over what he has learned but Kain says that his actions are justified due to being subject to destiny, and when Raziel confronts him over transforming the Sarafan into vampires, Kain scoffs at his perception of them as noble crusaders defending Nosgoth. Raziel attacks Kain while the latter continues to adjust the Chronoplast's controls. Although Raziel eventually gains an advantage, the Chronoplast activates, and Kain escapes through a time portal, beckoning Raziel to follow. Raziel complies, ignoring warnings from The Elder God. At the end of the game, Raziel emerges from the timeslip and is greeted by Moebius. Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver ends on a cliffhanger by showing a postscript, a verse where Moebius comments on the nature of time and his ability to "plunge the fate of planets into chaos", leading directly into the events of Soul Reaver 2.

Development
Soul Reaver entered development alongside Blood Omen 2 in 1997 and focused on puzzle solving instead of Blood Omen 2's action. During design, the development team created larger areas that could be explored more thoroughly as Raziel acquired new powers, avoiding the "shallow[ness]" of Blood Omen's layout. Crystal Dynamics based Soul Reaver on Silicon Knights' research of vampire mythology for Blood Omen. Other aspects of the game, such as the idea of a fallen vampire who devoured souls, were inspired by the epic poem "Paradise Lost". According to senior designer Richard Lermarchand the "look and feel" of the game was inspired by "stylish vampire flicks...like Blade, Interview with the Vampire and Bram Stoker's Dracula", as well as "the more arty renderings of the old black and white Nosferatu and a great film for the 80s called Near Dark". Character and level designs were influenced by Islamic art and culture, anime and manga, including Vampire Hunter D and the films of Hayao Miyazaki.

The staff aimed to develop gameplay similar to Tomb Raider and used an upgraded version of Gex 3's game engine to generate the three-dimensional game world. According to Lemarchand, they also aimed to combine gameplay with storytelling in a similar manner to The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past. Amy Hennig, the game's director, likened the technological advance from Blood Omen to Soul Reaver to the evolution of The Legend of Zelda series from the Super Nintendo to the Nintendo 64—bringing the franchise into 3D while maintaining a similar style.

Before Soul Reaver's release, the relationship between Silicon Knights and Crystal Dynamics dissolved. Because their research was used, Silicon Knights filed an injunction to stop further promotion of the game. Other delays pushed the release date from October 1998 to August 1999.

These delays forced Crystal Dynamics to cut significant game material, including additional powers for Raziel, a third battle with Kain, and an expanded Glyph system which would have given elemental powers to the Soul Reaver. In an interview, series director Amy Hennig stated that the development team split the original, much larger plans in two after realizing that they had "over-designed the game", given the constraints on time and data. This decision explains Soul Reaver's cliffhanger ending and the appearance of originally planned material in later games. Despite the split, Hennig explained that the team left unused components - such as extra power-ups and enemies - in Soul Reaver's game engine to avoid unforeseen glitches that might have arisen from their removal.

Audio
Kurt Harland composed most of the music for Soul Reaver; Jim Hedges handled the remaining audio. Harland remarked that, under Amy Hennig's direction, he programmed music to change based on the current gameplay situation - for example, combat or swimming. This variation was accomplished through a custom Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) driver, which altered music based on signals from the game engine. Each vampire tribe had corresponding music; one tribe of vampires was associated with a slow, thumping theme to convey a sense of working machinery. To further fit the music to the environment, the sound team consulted level designers regarding layout and appearance. Music from both Soul Reaver and Soul Reaver 2 was released on a promotional soundtrack in 2001.

For the game's voice acting, Raziel was voiced by Michael Bell, and Tony Jay, who had provided the voice of Mortanius and other characters in Blood Omen, voiced The Elder God. Anna Gunn, Simon Templeman and Richard Doyle reprised their roles from Blood Omen as Ariel, Kain and Moebius. Bell, Templeman and Jay also provided the voices of Melchiah, Dumah and Zephon, respectively, and Neil Ross, who voiced Malek the Paladin and King Ottmar in Blood Omen, voiced Rahab.

Marketing
Soul Reaver was showcased at the 1998 E3, where attendees were given free demo discs. Over time, further demo discs were released, including one bundled with Official PlayStation Magazine. Soul Reaver was released for the PC and Sony PlayStation in 1999 and for the Dreamcast version in 2000. The Dreamcast version used a much higher frame rate than did the PlayStation or PC version, and the Dreamcast port had further graphical enhancements. A Japanese release for the game was planned, but canceled. In 2000, Soul Reaver was added to Sony's "Greatest Hits" list, and the combined, global sales of its PlayStation, Dreamcast and computer versions surpassed 1.4 million units by late 2001. Sony later re-released the game for digital download on the PlayStation Network in 2009.

Eidos Interactive, the game's publisher, spent US$4,000,000 on a pre-release advertising campaign, which included magazine articles, television ads, and a tie-in comic book published by Top Cow Productions. Because such films like Stir of Echoes, The Sixth Sense, The Blair Witch Project and The Mummy had premiered earlier in 1999, Soul Reaver's release was considered "ideally timed" for a horror-oriented game. The lack of load times was a key marketing point praised by several reviewers. After release, Eidos and BBI partnered to release action figures of Raziel and Kain.

ESRB rating
The PlayStation version of the game initially received a Teen rating from the ESRB, but this version's rating was increased to Mature when it was released as a Greatest Hits title, which is also retained with its PSN reissue. The Dreamcast port of the game had always been rated Mature.

Reception
Daniel Erickson reviewed the PlayStation version of the game for Next Generation, rating it four stars out of five, and stated that "Difficult puzzles and the omission of a map make this stylized game for hardcore adventure-gamers only."

Soul Reaver's dark and gothic atmosphere was generally well-received, and several publications praised the game's cut scenes. IGN's reviewer called it "such an ambitious game – and one that achieves nearly everything it sets out to do – that few games come close to it", and praised the soundtrack for blending with the atmosphere unobtrusively. The Dreamcast port was cited as "perhaps one of the best looking console games ever made". Next Generation Magazine echoed this, stating that, "even if you own the PlayStation version, you may want to rent this anyway", but expressed disappointment that no new features were added to the Dreamcast port. AllGame's reviewer called the cut scenes "seamless", and their frequency neither too high nor too low. The game's storyline was praised by Game Informer as being "grim and interesting". Soul Reaver's voice acting was also highly praised; GameSpot ranked this aspect of the game in its list of top ten "Best Voice Acting in Games". GameSpot also considered the atmosphere as rich as that of Blood Omen, yet less dramatically overstated, and considered the graphics "among the best that have ever been on the PlayStation."

GamePro praised the aspect of shifting between realms, particularly the visual effects involved. Similarly, Edge described the transition between realms as a "complex and inspired piece of design", noting that it makes players think on different levels and consider "each room as two rooms, the answer to a puzzle possibly existing in either." However, the magazine criticized the save system for occasionally forcing players to replay large sections of the game to get to new areas. IGN stated that acquiring and learning the powers of Raziel's brothers constituted part of the fun, and that Raziel's moves were well animated and articulated. Finding minimal difficulty in using camera controls, GameSpot likened them to those of Banjo-Kazooie and stated that players would want to adjust the camera deliberately to watch Raziel's movements. Presenting differences between Soul Reaver and the Tomb Raider series, AllGame stated that the game's puzzles would challenge "all but the most experienced gamers", while Game Informer considered the puzzles "difficult-to-the-point-of-insanity". Computer Gaming World enjoyed the devouring of souls.

Website reviewers deemed Soul Reaver's gameplay too non-linear and its objectives too unclear. GameSpot criticized the warp system for using confusing symbols that did little or nothing to indicate the warp's destination, and weighed the fun of impaling vampires with the Soul Reaver against the lack of challenge presented by bosses and most enemies. Next Generation Magazine considered the game challenging due to "difficult puzzles and lack of a map", requiring the player to backtrack. The Tampa Tribune also criticized the camera controls, though noted that the "auto-facing" feature made the difficulties negligible. PC Zone criticized the PC port of the game for "chunky" graphics and bad camera controls, stating "it feels too much like a PlayStation release ported hurriedly on to the PC". Computer Gaming World similarly felt that the limitations of the PlayStation carried over in the PC port, rendering the latter's visuals "mind-numbingly boring". The publication praised the Lucifer-based story for engaging players, but was disappointed that "it peters out in an unsatisfying climax". Game Informer stated, "Even after years in development, Soul Reaver doesn't feel finished. It feels rushed." 1UP.com ranked Soul Reaver second on its "Top 5 Games That Ended Halfway Through", stating "it's pretty clear that the plot would have been a lot different if the money hadn't inconveniently run out." GamesRadar placed Soul Reaver at #4 on a 2007 list of the top seven video game apocalypses, regarding the post-apocalyptic Nosgoth as "one of the most fascinating wastelands we've ever explored".

During the 3rd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver for "Console Adventure/Role-Playing Game of the Year".

title: Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver


text:
The Last Castle

The Last Castle is a 2001 American action drama film directed by Rod Lurie, starring Robert Redford, James Gandolfini, Mark Ruffalo and Delroy Lindo. The film portrays a struggle between inmates and the warden of a military prison, based on the United States Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth.

A highly decorated U.S. Army Lieutenant General, court martialed and sentenced for insubordination, challenges the prison commandant, a colonel, over his treatment of the prisoners. After mobilizing the inmates, the former general leads an uprising aiming to seize control of the prison.

The film was released in the United States on October 19, 2001. It received mixed reviews from critics and was a financial disappointment, grossing just $27 million against its $72 million budget.

Plot
Lieutenant General Eugene Irwin is to complete a 10-year sentence in a maximum security military prison for sending his troops on a rescue mission in Burundi, violating a presidential order and resulting in eight soldiers' deaths.

Prison commandant Colonel Winter greatly admires Irwin, until Irwin calls Winter's prized military artifacts collection something no true battlefield veteran would have. An offended Winter, who has never seen combat, resents the remark. He then opposes what he perceives as Irwin's attempt to change the attitudes of the prisoners.

A tenet of Winter's methods for running the prison is that the prisoners are no longer soldiers and therefore should not follow military customs and courtesies. On one occasion, Irwin is reprimanded for stopping a guard from clubbing prisoner Corporal Ramon Aguilar, who had saluted Irwin in the prison yard.

Irwin attempts to unify the prisoners by building a wall of stone and mortar, which resembles a medieval castle. Envying the respect Irwin earns, Winter orders his guards to destroy the wall. When Aguilar blocks a bulldozer, Winter orders Corporal Zamorro to fire a non-lethal rubber bullet directly at Aguilar’s head, killing him.

After the wall is destroyed, Irwin and the inmates pay final respects to Aguilar. Winter offers some small concessions which Irwin rejects as insufficient. Irwin calls Winter a disgrace to the uniform and demands his resignation.

The prisoners begin to behave like soldiers around Irwin, who organizes a plot to throw the prison into chaos. His intent is to show Brigadier General Wheeler, his friend and Winter's superior, that Winter is unfit and should be removed from command. During a visit from Wheeler, Winter receives a letter demanding that he resign, otherwise the prisoners will kidnap Wheeler.

After ordering a response, Winter discovers the letter was a bluff that Irwin used to gain intelligence on how the guards would react during an actual uprising. Wheeler offers to transfer Irwin to another prison but Winter declines. An infuriated Winter reaches out to Yates, an anti-social prisoner. Bribed with a reduced sentence to inform about Irwin's plans, Yates tells Winter that Irwin intends to take over the prison, then raise the flag upside down to signal distress.

Yates discreetly steals a U.S. flag from the warden's office, revealing that he is on Irwin's side; Winter orders all the prisoners to the yard in an attempt to prevent their plot, but Irwin anticipated this and a prisoner uprising commences. Using improvised weapons, the prisoners capture an armored vehicle and the prison helicopter, which Yates uses to kill Zamorro. The prisoners call Wheeler's headquarters and inform him of the riot. Winter has little time to regain control before Wheeler arrives to see the prison under siege, so he orders the use of live ammunition.

Irwin's men create havoc, but are overwhelmed by the guards. Winter orders the men to surrender but they refuse. He warns that the sharpshooters will fire if they do not obey. Just before Winter gives the order, Irwin orders them to give up and lie face down. Winter then tells Irwin to return his flag but Irwin replies "It's not your flag". Irwin begins walking toward the flagpole to raise it.

An increasingly unsettled Winter tells Irwin, "You will not raise that flag upside down," but Irwin continues walking toward the flagpole. Winter orders the sharpshooters to fire but they refuse. After all of Winter’s men refuse to kill Irwin, Winter fatally shoots him in the back. As Irwin’s life ebbs away, he continues to raise the flag.

Captain Peretz places Winter under arrest. The prisoners, now standing again, begin to salute the flag. Winter notices that Irwin raised the flag right-side-up, meaning he shot Irwin for no reason. The flag flies above the prison's walls as General Wheeler arrives. Colonel Winter is led away in handcuffs. The inmates build a new wall as a memorial to their fallen comrades. Aguilar and Irwin's names are among those carved onto the castle wall.

Cast

 * Robert Redford as Lieutenant General Eugene Irwin
 * James Gandolfini as Colonel Ed Winter
 * Mark Ruffalo as Sam Yates
 * Delroy Lindo as Brigadier General Jim Wheeler
 * Steve Burton as Captain Peretz
 * Paul Calderón as Sergeant Major Dellwo
 * Samuel Ball as Duffy
 * Jeremy Childs as Cutbush
 * Clifton Collins Jr. as Corporal Aguilar
 * Brian Goodman as Beaupre
 * Michael Irby as Enriquez
 * Robin Wright as Rosalie Irwin, the general's daughter (uncredited)
 * David Alford as Corporal Zamorro

Production
The film was shot mainly at the 103-year-old former Tennessee State Prison in Nashville, which had previously been used for filming in The Green Mile and Last Dance, and was chosen because of its Gothic and castle-like appearance. The state of Tennessee offered to provide the location rent-free, with exemption from the state's 6 percent state sales tax. James Gandolfini earned $5 million for co-starring in the film after finishing the third season of The Sopranos in March 2001.

A crew of 150 worked on refurbishing existing buildings and constructing new buildings in a time limit of nine weeks. A wall 61 m long and 6 m high was built, serving as the prison's entrance. A metal walkway and two towers were also built as vantage points for the guards. The film required an office with a large window through which the warden could watch the inmates; this was constructed by the production crew. Director Rod Lurie insisted on having the prisoners' cells face each other, but this is not the case at the Tennessee State Prison. To solve the problem, production designer Kirk Petruccelli created cells in a warehouse near the prison.

Cinematography
To show the balance of power, the film crew used multiple cinematography techniques involving different displays of color, lighting, camera and costumes. In the warden's office intense color was used to reflect freedom or power, in contrast to the washed-out colors from the less powerful yard. The contrasts shift as the story progresses, showing the increasing power of the prisoners. The American flag in the yard is described by Petruccelli as "the heart of The Castle" and is the only exemption to the washed-out color palette.

Cinematographer Shelly Johnson, in collaboration with director Lurie and the design team, also used lighting and camerawork to signify the shifting of powers. For example, the yard is at first naturally lit and more influenced by daylight, in contrast to Winter's office, which is artificially illuminated by lamps. As the film progresses, the office is more fully infiltrated by exterior light through a broken window. The shift of power is also emphasized through camera techniques. Hand-held cameras were used when filming in the yard to make the audience feel as if they were "participants in the action". However, a very precise, sterile camera composition was used in the warden's office. The prisoners' world gets more precise during the film, while the colonel's world is filmed more loosely.

Costume designer Ha Nguyen also demonstrates this contrast in the clothing of the cast. The film starts with the prisoners having their clothing divided by ethnicity, with African Americans wearing different headwear, Latinos wearing vests and various arm accessories, and the White Americans in cut-off T-shirts. After the arrival of General Irwin, the prisoners start wearing more similar clothing in a "sharp military manner". The uniforms of the prisoners change from the usual chocolate brown color to light grey, because of its muddled look on film and excessive darkness in some scenes. Ha Nguyen also contrasted the non-battlefield ribbons found on Colonel Winter's uniform with the battlefield medals found on General Irwin's uniform (seen only in the opening scene as Irwin is inducted into the prison).

The wall created by the prisoners in the middle of the yard also represents change and incarnation. What is at first a "discombobulated mess" representing the lack of unity among prisoners later becomes a perfect wall, a "powerful symbol of the results of [Irwin's] leadership".

Effects
Special effects supervisor Burt Dalton and stunt coordinator Mic Rodger created the battle weapons used in the final scenes. The trebuchet, used by prisoners to throw rocks, was capable of throwing a 68 kg rock a distance of 60 m with an accuracy of ten feet around the target. The water cannon had the power to shoot 76 L of water per second. Some of the cast did their own stunts, including Mark Ruffalo, who performed one scene hanging from a helicopter. Interiors of the helicopter were not created with blue screen effects; instead, a special gimbal was used to hold a full-sized Huey-A type military helicopter. The gimbal was capable of rotating the helicopter 360 degrees and vertically moving it 20 feet. The gimbal was controlled by a computer, allowing Dalton to precisely set speed and movement; this ensured precise repeatability for multiple takes.

Release
Prior to release, DreamWorks pulled the original poster from circulation, which depicted an American flag flying upside down (a standard distress call), due to concerns about public sensitivity related to the September 11 attacks.

The film was released on October 19, 2001, in 2,262 North American theaters, grossing $7,088,213 on its opening weekend with an average of $3,133 per theater, ranking in fifth place behind From Hell, Riding in Cars with Boys, Training Day and Bandits. The release spanned 63 days (9 weeks), closing on December 20, 2001, with a total domestic gross of $18,244,060. The film grossed $9,398,647 overseas, with the lowest earning in Egypt ($5,954) and the highest ($1,410,528) in Germany.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 52% based on 114 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Last Castle is well acted and rousing for the most part, but the story cannot stand up to close scrutiny." At Metacritic, a rating website which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 42 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

Mick LaSalle from the San Francisco Chronicle mentioned the cast, describing Redford as "no George C. Scott" and Gandolfini as an unusual choice to play an icy intellectual. LaSalle stated that "'The Last Castle', on the surface, seems like a naive film about a great leader's capacity to inspire", but at closer look "seems to mean one thing but means another upon reflection". Roger Ebert from the Chicago Sun-Times saw it as "a dramatic, involving story" but criticized its "loopholes and lapses." Ebert noted that Irwin is no less evil than Winter and that they both "delight in manipulating those they can control." He pointed out that the film fails to portray how the prisoners manufacture the weapons and hide them under Winter's observation.

It received 3 out of 5 stars on IGN; the review noted that though a well paced and well acted film, it "suffers from this overall militaristic, streamlined approach."

Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times said the film's "pretensions lead to a slow, even stately pace, what should be crackling confrontations between Irwin and Winter end up playing more like a tea party than a Wagnerian battle of wills."

Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the movie a "C-plus" grade, writing: "As staged by Lurie, the drama has all the subtlety and surprise of a showdown between the sissy-bully son of Captain Queeg and a hero who's like a fusion of Brubaker, Spartacus, and Norma Rae."

Variety wrote: "Much of the potential dramatic juice has been drained out of The Last Castle, a disappointingly pedestrian prison meller that falls between stools artistically and politically."

Claudia Puig of USA Today criticized the writing, citing "a losing battle with an implausible script."

Elvis Mitchell of The New York Times wrote: "The movie is exuberant, strapping and obvious—a problem drama suffering from a steroid overdose."

Accolades
The Last Castle won the Taurus World Stunt Award for best fire stunt and was nominated for best aerial work and best stunt coordination sequence. Clifton Collins, Jr. was nominated for an ALMA Award in the "Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture" category.

Home media
The Last Castle was released on DVD and VHS on March 5, 2002.

title: The Last Castle


text:
Talk:List of Regional Transport Office districts in India

Mar 11, 2019
Please include AN (Andaman and Nicobar) registration number in the list. Only this was missing. http://www.andaman.gov.in/transport AN 01 (Port Blair, Andaman District) RTO AN 02 (Car Nicobar, Nicobar District) RTO — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sreerampinnamaraju (talk • contribs) 09:30, 11 March 2019 (UTC)  User: Sreerampinnamaraju (Talk to me!)

Feb 4, 2005
hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

This article is cool! Just the thing for Trivia buffs like me!! —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 19:58, Feb 4, 2005 (UTC)

Tamil Nadu
The full list of RTO offices in Tamil Nadu is here: http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/regnseries.htm - Can someone format and include this information? Binand 12:49, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Nice find. I'm pretty busy right now, else I would have done it. I think it would be nice if you could post it in the Community Portal so that someone with free time could format it. Nichalp 18:40, Mar 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah well, I did it myself anyway. Wasn't as tough as I thought. :) Binand 19:47, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

two letter code map
I think the state map with the two letter state and union territory codes is very good for orientation - even if some people might find it ugly... Please give comments it should be placed or not. Chumwa 06 Apr 2006
 * Good work Chumwa. But what about the 4 PYs in KL, TN & AP? ——Ashay (talk) 12:47, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

FIXED --Sagar, Karnataka wrongly linked
I think Sagar in Karnataka is linked to Sagar in Madhya Pradesh. This kind of ambiguities are pretty in rampant. Although Sagar in MP may be more popular it's not the only Sagar. There are numerous cases of similar name in the georgaphic info regarding India.

This is no more an issue. Sagara Ikkeri Road RTO is correctly mapped.

TN 20
TN 20 is now Poonamallee 600056 not Tiruvallur

Vehicle Series
This is a list of RTO Districts only. I see people writing about their observation on letter series issued in different districts, like BG series being allotted to government vehicles, T,AT,BT, etc to commercial vehicles. We should delete these as they are irrelevant. See WP:NOT and WP:5P —Ashay (talk) 15:35, 10 March 2012 (UTC)

WB 20
In the article it is written that 'WB 20' series is exhausted for two wheelers but in real life it is used for four wheeler private vehicles. I have two private vehicles both registered as "WB 20B 3924" and "WB 20H 6301". Please investigate on it and edit the following section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 116.203.200.150 (talk) 17:14, 26 May 2013 (UTC)

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External links modified
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ASSAM
AS 01- KAMRUP METROPOLITAN AS 02- NAGAON AS 03- JORHAT AS 04- SIVSAGAR AS 05- GOLAGHAT AS 06- DIBRUGARH AS 07- NORTH LAKHIMPUR AS 08- DIMA HASAO AS 09- KARBI ANGLONG AS 10- KARIMGANJ AS 11- CACHAR AS 12- SONITPUR AS 13- DARRANG AS 14- NALBARI AS 15- BARPETA AS 16- KOKRAJHAR AS 17- DHUBRI AS 18- BONGAIGAON AS 19- GOALPARA AS 20- ASTC AS 21- MORIGAON AS 22- DHEMAJI AS 23- TINSUKIA AS 24- HAILAKANDI AS 25- KAMRUP RURAL AS 26- CHIRANG AS 27- BAKSA AS 28- UDALGARI Assharma23 (talk) 10:25, 20 November 2019 (UTC)

BH Series
Info on BH Series is needed. Gangaasoonu (talk) 22:23, 14 August 2022 (UTC)


text: User talk:80.117.219.238

title: User talk:80.117.219.238


text: Category:2008 films

title: Category:2008 films


text:
Spambot

A spambot is a computer program designed to assist in the sending of spam. Spambots usually create accounts and send spam messages with them. Web hosts and website operators have responded by banning spammers, leading to an ongoing struggle between them and spammers in which spammers find new ways to evade the bans and anti-spam programs, and hosts counteract these methods.

Email
Email spambots harvest email addresses from material found on the Internet in order to build mailing lists for sending unsolicited email, also known as spam. Such spambots are web crawlers that can gather email addresses from websites, newsgroups, special-interest group (SIG) postings, and chat-room conversations. Because email addresses have a distinctive format, such spambots are easy to code.

A number of programs and approaches have been devised to foil spambots. One such technique is address munging, in which an email address is deliberately modified so that a human reader (and/or human-controlled web browser) can interpret it but spambots cannot. This has led to the evolution of more sophisticated spambots that are able to recover email addresses from character strings that appear to be munged, or instead can render the text into a web browser and then scrape it for email addresses. Alternative transparent techniques include displaying all or part of the email address on a web page as an image, a text logo shrunken to normal size using inline CSS, or as text with the order of characters jumbled, placed into readable order at display time using CSS.

Forums
Forum spambots browse the internet, looking for guestbooks, wikis, blogs, forums, and other types of web forms that they can then use to submit bogus content. These often use OCR technology to bypass CAPTCHAs. Some spam messages are targeted towards readers and can involve techniques of target marketing or even phishing, making it hard to tell real posts from the bot generated ones. Other spam messages are not meant to be read by humans, but are instead posted to increase the number of links to a particular website, to boost its search engine ranking.

One way to prevent spambots from creating automated posts is to require the poster to confirm their intention to post via email. Since most spambot scripts use a fake email address when posting, any email confirmation request is unlikely to be successfully routed to them. Some spambots will pass this step by providing a valid email address and use it for validation, mostly via webmail services. Using methods such as security questions are also proven to be effective in curbing posts generated by spambots, as they are usually unable to answer it upon registering, also on various forums, consistent uploading of spam will also gain the person the title 'spambot'.

title: Spambot