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Footballers' Wives

Footballers' Wives is a British television drama about fictional Premier League football club Earls Park F.C., its players, and their wives, broadcast on ITV from 2002 to 2006. The show initially focuses on three very different couples, but from the third series onward revolves around a complex love triangle between Tanya Turner (Zöe Lucker), Amber Gates (Laila Rouass), and Conrad Gates (Ben Price).

The show has earned a cult following since its cancellation and launched on BritBox in 2021 and ITVX in 2023.

Background
The show is centred on the fictional Earls Park Football Club (nicknamed "Sparks"). The series, based on the book, Footballers' Wives Tell Their Tales, by Shelley Webb, wife of British footballer Neil Webb, was produced by Liz Lake, Claire Phillips, and Cameron Roach, with Brian Park as executive producer. The show began as an ensemble of three different football couples, but from the third series on the show largely revolved around the character Tanya Turner (Zöe Lucker). Lucker left the series halfway through series four, and returned midway through the next series, by which time the series' ratings had fallen significantly. The series was cancelled in 2006.

Cast

 * Zöe Lucker as Tanya Turner (Series 1–5)
 * Gillian Taylforth as Jackie Pascoe/Webb (Series 1–5)
 * Alison Newman as Hazel Bailey (Series 1–4)
 * Gary Lucy as Kyle Pascoe (Series 1–3)
 * Susie Amy as Chardonnay Lane-Pascoe (Series 1–2)
 * Cristian Solimeno as Jason Turner (Series 1–2)
 * John Forgeham as Frank Laslett (Series 1–3)
 * Julie Legrand as Jeanette Dunkley (Series 1–2, 4; crossed over to Footballers' Wives: Extra Time (recurring)
 * Daniel Schutzmann as Salvatore Biagi (Series 1–2)
 * Nathan Constance as Ian Walmsley (Series 1–2)
 * Katherine Monaghan as Donna Walmsley (Series 1–2)
 * Philip Bretherton as Stefan Hauser (Series 1–2)
 * Peter Ash as Darius Fry (Series 2–5; crossed over to Footballers' Wives: Extra Time)
 * Laila Rouass as Amber Gates (Series 3–5)
 * Jesse Birdsall as Roger Webb (Series 3–5)
 * Sarah Barrand as Shannon Donnelly-Lawson (Series 3–5)
 * Ben Price as Conrad Gates (Series 3–4)
 * Jamie Davis as Harley Lawson (Series 3–4)
 * Marcel McCalla as Noah Alexander (Series 3-4)
 * Helen Latham as Lucy Milligan (Series 4–5)
 * Ben Richards as Bruno Milligan (Series 4–5)
 * Tom Swire as Sebastian Webb (Series 4; crossed over to Footballers' Wives: Extra Time)
 * Craig Gallivan as Callum Watson (Series 5)
 * Lucia Giannecchini as Urszula Rosen (Series 5)
 * Phina Oruche as Liberty Baker (Series 5)
 * Angela Ridgeon as Trisha Watson (Series 5)
 * Jay Rodan as Paulo Bardosa (Series 5)
 * Chucky Venice as Tremaine Gidigbi (Series 5)
 * Nicholas Ball as Garry Ryan (Series 5; crossed over from Footballers' Wives: Extra Time)

A number of celebrities made cameo appearances in the series, appearing as themselves. They include: Peter Stringfellow, Tara Palmer-Tomkinson, Jordan, Antony Worrall Thompson, Peter Andre, Lionel Blair, Richard Madeley, Judy Finnigan, Calum Best and Rula Lenska, as well as footballers Sol Campbell, David Seaman, Teddy Sheringham and Nigel Quashie.

Production
The part of Tanya Turner was originally named Tansy. In the earlier series, Earls Park Football Club's home games were played at the real life Selhurst Park, which is the home of Crystal Palace Football Club. From series three onward, stadium scenes were filmed at the original White Hart Lane, former (now demolished) home of Tottenham Hotspur.

Series 1 (2002)
Series one was shown between 8 January and 26 February 2002 with eight episodes. The series follows a group of footballers' wives whose husbands play for Earls Park (nicknamed "Sparks"). Ian Walmsley, Sparks' latest signing, deals with his up-and-coming success. His wife Donna is more concerned with getting their son back from the woman who adopted him after her parents forced her to give him up when she was a teenager. In the final episode, their 8-year-old daughter Holly is kidnapped. Donna's younger sister causes trouble while staying with them. She has a secret fling with the Sparks' mid-fielder, ruthless bad boy Jason Turner, who is married to the beautiful-yet-vile Tanya Turner. Tanya is too busy to worry about the affair as she tries to save her husband's job when club owner Frank Laslett buys 'Italian stallion' Sal Biagi, who takes Jason's job. Tanya and Jason take matters into their own hands on the way home from a club dinner, and in a drunken brawl, Tanya puts Frank in a coma. Jason helps her push his car off the side of the road, making it look like a drunken accident. Series one was produced by Liz Lake.

Series 2 (2003)
Series two was shown between 8 January and 26 February 2003 with eight episodes. Series 2 begins with Tanya and Jason in court, lying on oath. The British population is convinced that Frank is deranged and that he tried to rape Tanya. Charges are dropped, and Tanya walks away scot-free. Chardonnay Lane-Pascoe and Kyle Pascoe raise Jackie Pascoe's baby son Paddy as theirs. At the series' end, Jason sits on the rooftop, drunk and feeling sorry for himself, but as he slips and desperately grasps for a life-saving hold on the ledge, an unseen (by the audience) assailant hits his hands with a champagne bottle, causing him to fall to his death. Series two was produced by Claire Phillips.

Series 3 (2004)
Series three was shown between 11 February and 7 April 2004, with nine episodes. The series begins with Chardonnay's funeral following her death from anorexia. It is also revealed that she killed Jason. Tanya marries Frank Laslett as Jason had left her in debt. He also wanted her to admit that he did not rape her and that Jason had made her lie in court. Kyle finds new romance. Tanya has an affair with the new captain Conrad Gates and endures his jealous wife, Amber Gates. Tanya and Amber soon became arch-enemies and have a vicious catfight. Amber Gates fakes her own kidnapping when Conrad starts seeing Tanya. Harley Lawson and Shannon Donnelly's lives are turned upside down when he becomes Earls Park's new signing. Conrad also has an affair with new signing Noah Alexander. The season ends with a shocking cliff-hanger. Tanya is pregnant with Frank's child. She killed Frank for his money by "shagging him to death" on a lethal combination of Viagra, alcohol and cocaine. When Amber Gates announces that she is pregnant with Conrad's child, Tanya tries to keep Conrad by claiming that she too is expecting his child. Series three was produced by Sean O'Connor. This series was nominated for a National Television Award in 2004, the only time the series was nominated.

Series 4 (2005)
The fourth was shown between 31 March and 26 May 2005 with nine episodes. Tanya and Amber both have their babies; Tanya had the babies swapped at birth to hide the possibility that hers could be Frank's, but this backfired when Amber's son (Tanya's, really) was smothered to death by Amber's dog. When the swap was discovered, Conrad and Amber claimed their rightful baby back and banished Tanya abroad. The footballers are involved in a rape scandal during a party in Spain. Shannon and Harley have marriage problems and eventually split up. Darius turns out to be the rapist of Katie in Spain, and has a breakdown when she kidnaps him for revenge. Jackie Pascoe marries club manager Roger Webb, who signs his son Seb to the club. Seb tries to cause trouble in their marriage, and is thrown out. Hazel leaves the club with her new girlfriend, a tennis player. New characters Bruno and Lucy Milligan have an adorable daughter, Angelica, but their marriage is eroding due to control-freak Bruno's emotional and sometimes physical abuse of Lucy. Lucy meets Dr. Giles Arrowsmith on the Internet and runs to him with Angelica in tow. He tries to kill Lucy, Angelica, and himself in his car, believing he is re-creating the accident that killed his real fiancée the previous year. Bruno accidentally shoots Conrad, thinking he is Giles. The final episode was considerably edited for broadcast on ITV, though the full episode was shown in Ireland and Australia. Some cuts from the episode were featured in the first series of Footabllers' Wives: Extra Time, others were featured in series five of Footballers' Wives. The episode was restored for the DVD release. Series four was produced by Cameron Roach.

Series 5 (2006)
After Lucy leaves Bruno at the altar of their Pride and Prejudice-themed wedding, Amber takes the lead as the central character and wastes no time getting revenge on Bruno, knowing he killed Conrad. She moves in with him and inflicts her own brand of psychological torture on him by making him think he is losing his mind. Becoming more desperate, Amber tries to poison, then shoot, him. In her last scene, she shoots Roger Webb, who loses his sight. Amber is then sectioned and sent to a mental institution for bleeding on the brain. With Amber out of the way, Tanya returns and immediately aims to seduce Earls Park's latest star, Paulo Bardosa, and goes head-to-head with Eva de Wolffe (Joan Collins). Tanya's joy at snatching Paulo from Eva's clutches is short-lived; he has a breakdown and is taken to a mental hospital, and Tanya finds herself penniless. Shannon, now divorced from Harley and feeling lonely, is delighted to hook up with the new Earls Park signing, Callum Watson. Shannon moves Callum in, but his interfering mother comes along and causes havoc. New club chairman Garry Ryan kills Roger, and Jackie leaves to live with her son Kyle in Australia. Tanya discovers evidence that proved Garry's involvement. As series five ends, Tanya is trying to come to a "settlement" with Garry over the tape-recording that proves he caused Roger's death, when he offers her cocaine laced with poison.

New characters include Tremaine Gidigbi and Liberty Baker, who marry in episode 5 in a typically over-the-top Egyptian-themed wedding. Liberty, a top supermodel with a striking resemblance to Naomi Campbell, is exposed by the press for having a lesbian affair with her P.A. Urszula Rosen, then stars in a Japanese advert that makes her look like a cannibal. The fifth and final series was shown between 23 February and 13 April 2006 and consists of eight episodes, and was produced by Cameron Roach.

Cancellation
In May 2006, it was announced by Shed Productions and ITV that no further series of Footballers' Wives would be commissioned. Its cancellation had been blamed on falling ratings, particularly during its fifth and final series.

Awards and nominations
Footballers' Wives has been nominated for several awards; in 2004, there were two nominations at the National Television Awards – for Most Popular Drama and Zöe Lucker for Best Actress. Zöe Lucker received the TV Quick Award for Best Actress in 2004, as well as a nomination for Best Actress in 2005. The series also received the TV Quick Award for Best Loved Drama in 2005.

Bad Girls
Between the third and fourth series of Footballers' Wives, Zöe Lucker's character Tanya Turner crossed over to Shed Media's highest-rated series Bad Girls for three episodes of that programme's sixth series. In Bad Girls, which centres on a women's prison, Tanya is convicted for drug possession and sent to jail for six months. After stirring up mischief in the prison and even being arrested for poisoning inmates, Tanya is eventually released when a series of events leads to the wing governor coercing a criminal to confess to planting the drugs on her.

Footballers' Wives TV
Footballers Wives TV is a spin-off mockumentary comedy series that was broadcast to tie-in with the original broadcast of the fourth series of Footballers Wives. It aired on Thursdays at 10:30pm on ITV2 and only lasted for one series of eight episodes. The series was loosely based on the book How to be a Footballer's Wife and centred on a chat show presented by Katherine Jakeways and Glenn Hugill as TV presenters Gary Fox and Lorna Miller. Characters from Footballers' Wives appeared in interviews as did parody celebrities.

Footballers' Wives: Extra Time
The spin-off series Footballers' Wives: Extra Time premiered on ITV2 on 26 May 2005, after series four of Footballers' Wives. Several characters from the original programme appeared, including Bruno and Lucy Milligan, Seb Webb, Harley and Shannon Lawson, Katie Jones, and Amber Gates. The first series of Extra Time features Tanya Turner's sister, Anika Beevor. Series two began on 23 February 2006 with Peter Ash as Darius Fry and Julie Legrand as Janette Dunkley from the original series as regular cast members. Nicholas Ball, who portrayed Garry Ryan in the series, crossed over to Footballers' Wives for series five as the new Chairman of Earl's Park Football Club. The series' executive producer was Cameron Roach. It was shown in the United States under the name Footballers' Wives: Overtime.

Adaptations and successors
In 2005, RTL in Germany adapted the programme as Das geheime Leben der Spielerfrauen (The Secret Life of Footballers' Wives). The original scripts were rewritten to appeal to a German audience, and the show was cancelled after only four episodes.

Mediaset produced its own version of the series in Italy, called Ho sposato un calciatore (I Married a Footballer), which was written and directed by Stefano Sollima and lasted for four episodes on Canale 5 in 2005. It stars Paolo Seganti and Jane Alexander as Bruno and Tonia Caracci, Karin Proia and Edoardo Leo as Anna and Vito Palma, Maria Elena Vandone as Crystal Ferrari, and Mirko Petrini as Luca Martelli.

A US version, called Football Wives and focusing on an American football team, was developed for ABC in 2007. The pilot episode, written by Marco Pennette and directed by Bryan Singer, starred Lucy Lawless and Eddie Cibrian as Tanya and Jason Austin, James Van Der Beek and Kiele Sanchez as Brian and Donna Reynolds, Gabrielle Union as Chardonnay Lane, Brian J. White as Kyle Jameson, Holly Robinson-Peete as Jackie Jameson, and Ving Rhames as Frank Wallingford. Football Wives was not picked up for series for the fall 2007 season, but The Hollywood Reporter later reported that the production company ABC Studios had extended its options on the show's cast, and that NBC and FOX, even The CW were interested in the series. A number of websites, including Digital Spy, speculated that Football Wives was not picked up due to potential conflicts with the National Football League and ABC sister network's ESPN's Monday Night Football and broad surrounding NFL programming deal.

In Canada, CBC Television launched MVP in early 2008. Creator Mary Young Leckie acknowledged Footballers' Wives as an inspiration, but chose to create a similar series about ice hockey rather than directly adapting Footballers' Wives, as she felt that some elements of the original series—particularly the broad campiness of some British humour—would not translate well to a Canadian audience.

In South Africa, kykNet launched Getroud met rugby or "Married to Rugby", an Afrikaans series in 2009, which became a nightly soap opera before being cancelled in 2022. In addition to being influenced by Footballers' Wives, it was also inspired by Friday Night Lights.

Home releases
All five seasons have been released on DVD in the United Kingdom and Australia, by Contender Entertainment Group (Series 1-2) and Video Collection International/2 Entertain (Series 3-5) in the United Kingdom and Shock Entertainment in Australia. Series 1 through 3 have been released on DVD in the United States.

All five series were re-released in the UK by Acorn Media in Dolby Digital and with new artwork. Acorn also released a "Complete Collection" box set featuring all five series, and both series of Footballers' Wives Extra Time.

Legacy
On Saturday 15 July 2006 in the UK, the BBC made a spoof mini-episode entitled The Last Ever, Ever Footballers' Wives that was broadcast as part of Sport Relief live telethon. The six-minute episode featured four cast members from the last season, Zöe Lucker, Sarah Barrand, Laila Rouass, Halacy Kurenski and Ben Richards, who played their respective roles, with Sport Relief host Graham Norton playing new Sparks captain Brendan Spunk.

The Guardian described the show upon its 20th anniversary, "The show is now regarded as something of a kitsch cult classic, regularly appearing in meme form on social media".

A musical in the works based on the show.

title: Footballers' Wives


text:
Brendan Kehoe

Brendan Patrick Kehoe (3 December 1970 – 19 July 2011) was an Irish software developer and writer. Born in Dublin, Ireland, Kehoe was raised in China, Maine. In his early teens, he was first exposed to computing when he was given a Commodore 64 computer, which he used to teach himself about computing and computer networks. On leaving high-school, he moved to Widener University where he continued his computer studies, leaving in 1992.

Career
Kehoe wrote two books and a number of technology articles in the specialist press (e.g., Boardwatch Magazine) on the topic of the Internet. His first book, Zen and the Art of the Internet: A Beginner's Guide, first published by Prentice Hall in July 1992, was the first mass-published user's guide to the Internet. Zen was written while Kehoe was still at Widener; he struck a bargain with the publishers to ensure that the original edition of the book would remain free-of-charge in the internet for everyone to access. In a survey taken by PC Magazine for the twentieth anniversary of the PC, Zen and the Art of the Internet was listed as one of the "top sci-fi/tech non-fiction books of the past twenty years" (1981–2001). It also appeared on Sergey Brin's "Favorite Booklist". As one of the first substantial books freely available for reuse on the Internet, Zen predated and helped to inspire the free culture movement. Parts of it were reworked into other works including the Electronic Frontier Foundation's Guide to the Internet.

Kehoe was a dedicated and detailed programmer, who, as a student, volunteered changes to one of the most complex pieces of free software in the world at the time, the GNU C++ Compiler and Library. His unusual skill at wrangling this code led to a full-time job as a key employee of Cygnus Support in Silicon Valley in 1992, improving, supporting and documenting this code base. By 1995 he was managing the entire GNU C++ group at Cygnus.

Later in life, Kehoe volunteered doing IT support for his local school, the Dalkey School Project. This led to positions as a member of its Board of Management, and from there to being Chairperson of the school. In 2010, he was appointed to the Board of Directors of Educate Together. Kehoe was described by Eric S. Raymond after his death as "a true hacker and a gentleman". He is attributed as having coined the term "net-surfing" in a 1991 USENET post.

Personal life
On 31 December 1993, Kehoe and a friend, Sven Heinicke, were involved in a serious car accident that left Kehoe with brain injuries including aphasia. He subsequently made an almost-full recovery, as there were still some brain issues lingering. He married on 5 October 1996 and lived in Dublin with his wife and two children.

At the beginning of March 2011, Kehoe was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia. He underwent chemotherapy to fight the disease but succumbed to it on 19 July 2011.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Brendan Kehoe


text:
Email authentication

Email authentication, or validation, is a collection of techniques aimed at providing verifiable information about the origin of email messages by validating the domain ownership of any message transfer agents (MTA) who participated in transferring and possibly modifying a message.

The original base of Internet email, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), has no such feature, so forged sender addresses in emails (a practice known as email spoofing) have been widely used in phishing, email spam, and various types of frauds. To combat this, many competing email authentication proposals have been developed. three had been widely adopted – SPF, DKIM and DMARC. The results of such validation can be used in automated email filtering, or can assist recipients when selecting an appropriate action. This article does not cover user authentication of email submission and retrieval.

Rationale
In the early 1980s, when Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) was designed, it provided for no real verification of sending user or system. This was not a problem while email systems were run by trusted corporations and universities, but since the commercialization of the Internet in the early 1990s, spam, phishing, and other crimes have been found to increasingly involve email.

Email authentication is a necessary first step towards identifying the origin of messages, and thereby making policies and laws more enforceable.

Hinging on domain ownership is a stance that emerged in the early 2000. It implies a coarse-grained authentication, given that domains appear on the right part of email addresses, after the at sign. Fine-grain authentication, at user level, can be achieved by other means, such as Pretty Good Privacy and S/MIME. At present, digital identity needs to be managed by each individual.

An outstanding rationale for email authentication is the ability to automate email filtering at receiving servers. That way, spoofed messages can be rejected before they arrive to a user's Inbox. While protocols strive to devise ways to reliably block distrusted mail, security indicators can tag unauthenticated messages that still reach the Inbox. A 2018 study shows that security indicators can lower the click-through ratio by more than ten points, 48.9% to 37.2% of the users who open spoofed messages.

Nature of the problem
SMTP defines message transport, not the message content. Thus, it defines the mail envelope and its parameters, such as the envelope sender, but not the header (except trace information) nor the body of the message itself. STD 10 and define SMTP (the envelope), while STD 11 and  define the message (header and body), formally referred to as the Internet Message Format.

SMTP defines the trace information of a message, which is saved in the header using the following two fields:
 * Received: when an SMTP server accepts a message it inserts this trace record at the top of the header (last to first).
 * Return-Path: when the delivery SMTP server makes the final delivery of a message, it inserts this field at the top of the header.

A mail user agent (MUA) knows the outgoing mail SMTP server from its configuration. An MTA (or a relay server) typically determines which server to connect to by looking up the MX (Mail eXchange) DNS resource record for each recipient's domain name.

The path depicted below can be reconstructed on the ground of the trace header fields that each host adds to the top of the header when it receives the message: The first few lines at the top of the header are usually trusted by the recipient. Those lines are written by machines in the recipient's Administrative Management Domain (ADMD), which act upon their explicit mandate. By contrast, the lines that prove the involvement of A and B, as well as of the purported author's MUA could be a counterfeit created by C. The  field shown above is an epoch-making piece of the header. The  is written by E, the mail delivery agent (MDA), based on the message envelope. Additional trace fields, designed for email authentication, can populate the top of the header.

Normally, messages sent out by an author's ADMD go directly to the destination's MX (that is B → D in the figures). The sender's ADMD can add authentication tokens only if the message goes through its boxes. The most common cases can be schematized as follows:

Sending from within ADMD's network (MUA 1)

 * The ADMD's MSA authenticates the user, either based on its IP address or some other SMTP Authentication means. Depending on the recipient address, the message can follow the normal path or pass through a mailing list or a forwarding service. B can be an outbound SMTP proxy or a smarthost.
 * If the local network does not block outbound port 25 connections, the user can deploy some "direct-to-mx" software. Typically, zombies and other malicious hosts behave that way.
 * If the MUA is badly configured, it can also use a different relay, such as an outmoded open relay, that often does not authenticate the user.

Roaming user (MUA 2)

 * Most of the times it is still possible to use one's own ADMD MSA.
 * Outbound connections to port 25 can be intercepted and tunnelled to a transparent proxy.
 * A MUA can be configured to use an SMTP relay that the local network provider offers as a bonus.

Disconnected user

 * An e-card can send mail on behalf of a customer who typed email addresses on the local keyboard; some web forms can be considered to work similarly.

SPF
SPF allows the receiver to check that an email claimed to have come from a specific domain comes from an IP address authorized by that domain's administrators. Usually, a domain administrator will authorize the IP addresses used by their own outbound MTAs, including any proxy or smarthost.

The IP address of the sending MTA is guaranteed to be valid by the Transmission Control Protocol, as it establishes the connection by checking that the remote host is reachable. The receiving mail server receives the  SMTP command soon after the connection is set up, and a   at the beginning of each message. Both of them can contain a domain name. The SPF verifier queries the Domain Name System (DNS) for a matching SPF record, which if it exists will specify the IP addresses authorized by that domain's administrator. The result can be "pass", "fail", or some intermediate result - and systems will generally take this into account in their anti-spam filtering.

DKIM
DKIM checks the message content, deploying digital signatures. Rather than using digital certificates, the keys for signature-verification are distributed via the DNS. That way, a message gets associated to a domain name.

A DKIM-compliant domain administrator generates one or more pairs of asymmetric keys, then hands private keys to the signing MTA, and publishes public keys on the DNS. The DNS labels are structured as, where selector identifies the key pair, and   is a fixed keyword, followed by the signing domain's name so that publication occurs under the authority of that domain's ADMD. Just before injecting a message into the SMTP transport system, the signing MTA creates a digital signature that covers selected fields of the header and the body (or just its beginning). The signature should cover substantive header fields such as,  ,  , and  , and then is added to the message header itself, as a trace field. Any number of relays can receive and forward the message and at every hop, the signature can be verified by retrieving the public key from the DNS. As long as intermediate relays do not modify signed parts of a message, its DKIM-signatures remain valid.

DMARC
DMARC allows the specification of a policy for authenticated messages. It is built on top of two existing mechanisms, Sender Policy Framework (SPF) and DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM).

It allows the administrative owner of a domain to publish a policy in their DNS records to specify which mechanism (DKIM, SPF or both) is employed when sending email from that domain; how to check the  field presented to  end users; how the receiver should deal with failures - and a reporting mechanism for actions performed under those policies.

Other methods
A range of other methods have been proposed, but are now either deprecated or have not yet gained widespread support. These have included Sender ID, Certified Server Validation, DomainKeys and those below:

ADSP
ADSP allowed the specification of a policy for messages signed by the author's domain. A message had to go through DKIM authentication first, then ADSP could demand a punishing treatment if the message was not signed by the author domain(s) —as per the  header field.

ADSP was demoted to historic in November 2013.

VBR
VBR adds a vouch to an already authenticated identity. This method requires some globally recognized authorities that certify the reputation of domains.

A sender can apply for a reference at a vouching authority. The reference, if accepted, is published on the DNS branch managed by that authority. A vouched sender should add a  header field to the messages it sends. It should also add a DKIM signature, or use some other authentication method, such as SPF. A receiver, after validating the sender's identity, can verify the vouch claimed in  by looking up the reference.

iprev
Applications should avoid using this method as a means of authentication. Nevertheless, it is often carried out and its results, if any, written in the  header field besides the TCP information required by the SMTP specification.

The IP reverse, confirmed by looking up the IP address of the name just found, is just an indication that the IP was set up properly in the DNS. The reverse resolution of a range of IP addresses can be delegated to the ADMD that uses them, or can remain managed by the network provider. In the latter case, no useful identity related to the message can be obtained.

DNSWL
Looking up a DNSWL (DNS-based whitelist) may provide an assessment of the sender, possibly including its identification.

Authentication-Results
RFC 8601 defines a trace header field  where a receiver can record the results of email authentication checks that it carried out. Multiple results for multiple methods can be reported in the same field, separated by semicolons and wrapped as appropriate.

For example, the following field is purportedly written by  and reports SPF and DKIM results: The first token after the field name,, is the ID of the authentication server, a token known as an authserv-id. A receiver supporting RFC 8601 is responsible to remove (or rename) any false header claiming to belong to its domain so that downstream filters cannot get confused. However, those filters still need to be configured, as they have to know which identities the domain may use.

For a Mail User Agent (MUA), it is slightly harder to learn what identities it can trust. Since users can receive email from multiple domains—e.g., if they have multiple email addresses -— any of those domains could let  fields pass through because they looked neutral. That way, a malicious sender can forge an authserv-id that the user would trust if the message arrived from a different domain. A legitimate  typically appears just above a   field by the same domain from which the message was relayed. Additional  fields may appear between that and the top of the header, as the message got transferred internally between servers belonging to that same, trusted ADMD.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority maintains a registry of Email Authentication Parameters. Not all parameters need to be registered, though. For example, there can be local "policy" values designed for a site's internal use only, which correspond to local configuration and need no registration.

title: Email authentication


text:
User:PrettyPretty

Hi, I'm Elizabeth Wyatt, and I live in Bakersfield, California.

I look up a lot of articles on Wikipedia from time to time, but I don't do much editing.

Interests

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title: User:PrettyPretty


text:
User talk:M5

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 12:50, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

May 2011
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 * My username is m5 and vandal edits you mention are by Belongs:m5 (misleading username). --M5 (talk) 14:32, 21 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Sorry about that! (See my talk for more details.) Reaper Eternal (talk) 15:21, 21 May 2011 (UTC)

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title: User talk:M5


text:
User talk:Sicooke

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. About, Help desk, and Village pump are also a place to go for answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

(Sam Spade | talk | contributions) 12:51, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

BlueGriffon
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Proposed deletion of BlueGriffon

The article BlueGriffon has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * non-notable software, completely unreferenced

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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Terrillja talk  18:19, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

Nomination of BlueGriffon for deletion
A discussion has begun about whether the article BlueGriffon, which you created or to which you contributed, should be deleted. While contributions are welcome, an article may be deleted if it is inconsistent with Wikipedia policies and guidelines for inclusion, explained in the deletion policy.

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title: User talk:Sicooke


text:
2005 Liberian general election

General elections were held in Liberia on 11 October 2005, with a runoff election for the presidency held on 8 November. The presidency and all seats in the House of Representatives and Senate were up for election. The elections were the first held since 1997 and marked the end of the political transition following the second civil war, having been stipulated in the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2003. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former World Bank employee and Liberian finance minister, won the presidential contest and became the first democratically elected female African head of state in January 2006.

Background
Frances Johnson-Morris, the chairwoman of the National Elections Commission (NEC), announced the October 11 date on February 7, 2005.

Elections were scheduled for all 64 seats in the House of Representatives, with each of Liberia's 15 counties having at least two seats and the remaining seats allotted proportionally based on voter registration. The Senate had 30 seats up for elections, with two from each county.

Presidential candidates
Prior to the election, former football star George Weah was considered by many to be the favorite, due at least partially to widespread dissatisfaction with Liberia's politicians. Weah, who had been the subject of a petition published in September 2004 urging him to run, announced his candidacy in mid-November 2004 and received a hero's welcome when he arrived in Monrovia later in the month. Weah won the first round of voting but lost in the November 8, 2005 run-off. He initially filed formal fraud charges, but subsequently dropped his allegations, citing the interests of peace.

 * Nathaniel Barnes — Liberia Destiny Party (LDP)
 * Charles Brumskine — Liberty Party (LP)
 * Sekou Conneh — Progressive Democratic Party (PRODEM)
 * Samuel Raymond Divine — Independent
 * David Farhat — Free Democratic Party (FDP)
 * Armah Jallah — National Party of Liberia (NPL)
 * Ellen Johnson Sirleaf — Unity Party (UP)
 * George Kiadii — National Vision Party of Liberia (NATVIPOL)
 * George Klay Kieh — New Deal Movement (NDM)
 * Joseph Korto — Liberia Equal Rights Party (LERP)
 * Robert Kpoto — Union of Liberian Democrats (ULD)
 * Alhaji G.V. Kromah — All Liberia Coalition Party (ALCOP)
 * Roland Massaquoi — National Patriotic Party (NPP)
 * John Morlu — United Democratic Alliance (UDA)
 * Alfred Reeves — National Reformation Party (NRP)
 * Varney Sherman — Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia (COTOL)
 * Togba-Nah Tipoteh — Alliance for Peace and Democracy (APD)
 * Margaret Tor-Thompson — Freedom Alliance Party of Liberia (FAPL)
 * Winston Tubman — National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL)
 * William V.S. Tubman, Jr. — Reformed United Liberia Party (RULP)
 * George Weah — Congress for Democratic Change (CDC)
 * Joseph Woah-Tee — Labor Party of Liberia (LPL)

Excluded candidates
The chairman of the transitional government, Gyude Bryant, and other members of the transitional government did not run, according to the terms of the peace deal.

On August 13, the election commission published a list of 22 presidential candidates who were cleared to run; six candidates were rejected, but Weah was cleared to stand despite complaints that he had adopted French citizenship. The Senate seats were contested by 206 candidates and the seats in the lower house were contested by 503 candidates. Campaigning for the elections began on August 15.

In late September, the Supreme Court ruled that two excluded presidential candidates, Marcus Jones and Cornelius Hunter, and an excluded legislative candidate could register to run; this ruling created the possibility that the elections would have to be postponed in order to reprint ballot papers. However, these candidates later withdrew their bids, so the elections went ahead on schedule on October 11.

President
Voting took place in two rounds 11 October and 8 November. Twenty-two people contested the presidential race in the first round. George Weah, former soccer star and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former World Bank employee and finance minister finished first and second, respectively and advanced to the second round run-off, which Johnson-Sirleaf won 59%-41%, according to the National Electoral Commission.

Weah claimed election fraud, stating elections officials were stuffing ballot boxes in Johnson-Sirleaf's favor. Most elections observers, including those from the United Nations, the European Union and the Economic Community of West African States, say that the election was clean and transparent. The Carter Center observed "minor irregularities" but no major problems. Johnson-Sirleaf reminded the press that Weah has 72 hours to bring evidence of wrongdoing to her campaign according to Liberian law, calling the accusations "lies" and stating that Weah's supporters "just don't want a woman to be President in Africa."

On December 22, 2005, Weah withdrew his protests, and in January, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf became the first democratically elected female Head of State in the history of the African Continent, and the first native female African head of state since Empress Zauditu, who ruled Ethiopia from 1916 to 1930.

Senate
As no Senate existed prior to the elections, each voter was eligible to cast two ballots for different candidates. The two candidates with the highest number of votes in each county were elected. The candidate with the highest share of votes became the senior senator for the county, elected to a nine-year term. The candidate with the second-highest share became the junior senator, elected to a six-year term. This method was chosen in order to reintroduce a staggered electoral system.

Results by county
The following are the results for the 2005 Senate elections from the National Elections Commission.

General information

 * National Elections Commission
 * Liberia 2005: The Road to Democracy
 * United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) Electoral Division
 * United Liberia - Latest News
 * Press Freedom Conditions in Liberia - IFEX
 * All Africa, Liberia news

Candidates

 * Nat Barnes for President
 * Charles Brumskine Campaign Site
 * Samuel Raymond Divine Campaign Site
 * John Morlu for President
 * Varney Sherman for President
 * Dr. Togba-Nah Tipoteh for President
 * Winston Tubman Campaign Site
 * George Weah Campaign Site

Articles

 * I am woman, hear my roar Katharine Houreld on the participation of women in the 2005 Liberian election.

title: 2005 Liberian general election


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/John C. Arrowsmith

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 14:54, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

John C. Arrowsmith
Not notable. We can't have an article on every soldier in every war. – flamurai (t) 12:53, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. the references in Ledo Road suffice. Nateji77 13:08, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep He was a general. Philip 13:09, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with an article about a war he fought in. Radiant! 13:17, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Tentative keep. Unless he's Douglas MacArthur then there probably isn't room for him in the main World War II article.  In principle he could be merged to Ledo Road, but I'd like to give the General time to fill out a bit. TenOfAllTrades | Talk 18:23, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep; A general involved in significant campaigns during wartime. Kappa 13:31, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. as a general he certainly passes the notability standard for biography, but it definately needs a ton of work, someone list it on COTW.  ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] 05:58, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Needs to be cleaned up but a World War II General is definitely notable. We also need an article for John Arrowsmith who was a founding member of the Royal Geographic Society and who produced the London Atlas which was rated as the best world atlas yet produced. Capitalistroadster 06:28, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, there were lots of generals back then. Wyss 12:05, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. Reasonable to think about having an article on every general in WW II.  RickK 21:52, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lewis A. Pick

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 22:27, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Lewis A. Pick
Not notable. We can't have an article on every soldier in every war. – flamurai (t) 12:54, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. The events are encyclopedic but the personal history of this colonel is not. Delete Radiant! 13:17, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I think wikipedia has space for everyone who co-wrote the Pick-Sloan Plan. Kappa 13:27, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. decorated military record "Pick was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster" not too many people earn TWO of those medals (the oak leaf signifies multiple recipient).  ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] 06:01, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Cleanup. US Major-General. The Pick-Sloan Plan created a series of dams on the Missouri River and the issue is still a significant issue today. See Minnesota Public Radio story for example. Capitalistroadster 06:40, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, helpful article about a civil engineer whose life had some encyclopedic qualities. Wyss 12:04, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I've categorised it. Wincoote 21:12, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. Are we sure these aren't copied from somewhere?  RickK 21:54, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I'd check very carefully for copyvios, since we've had articles on both Lewis Pick and John C. Arrowsmith before which turned out to be copied from other sources. -- Antaeus Feldspar 22:44, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Václav Drobný

Václav Drobný (9 September 1980 – 28 December 2012) was a Czech footballer who notably played for Sparta Prague having spent time in their youth team as well as spells at Czech, Slovak, French and German sides. Drobný played twice for the Czech Republic and was most known in England for his short stint on loan at Aston Villa.

Club career
Drobný played for FK Jablonec nad Nisou 97 (on loan from Sparta) during the first half of the 2005–06 season, RC Strasbourg, Chmel Blšany and Sparta Prague. He also spent the 2004–05 season on loan at English team Aston Villa, in the Premier League. The move was not a success for the defender however, who left having failed to make a single first team appearance for the claret and blue.

Drobný left Strasbourg in 2005 to join Sparta Prague, before having spells at Jablonec 97, Augsburg and FC Spartak Trnava. He was released by the latter in 2009. However, the following year Drobný signed for Bohemians Praha. The defender made his debut for the club in a 3–2 victory away at Slovan Liberec on 20 March 2010. He played eighty minutes for his new club before being replaced by Martin Horacek.

International career
Drobný was part of the Czech side which won the UEFA U-21 Championships in 2002, and debuted for the senior team against Japan – though he failed to secure a spot in Euro 2004. The defender won two international caps.

Death
Drobný died while bobsleighing at the ski resort Špindlerův Mlýn. He skidded off-piste and crashed into a tree.

title: Václav Drobný


text:
Talk:Kotli District

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title: Talk:Kotli District


text:
Cool for Cats (album)

Cool for Cats is the second studio album by the English new wave group Squeeze, released in 1979. Cool for Cats contains four UK hit singles, more than any other album the band has issued. The album peaked at number 45 in the UK Albums Chart, spending 11 weeks in that listing.

Its 1997 CD release, as part of the Six of One... box set contained two bonus tracks. This collection included the band's first six studio albums, each digitally remastered. In 1998 the six CDs were released individually. In 2007, the album was digitally remastered and released with 5 bonus tracks exclusively in Japan. Each of the 5 tracks came from B-sides from the singles released from the album.

Content
Billboard said Cool for Cats was a "hard-rocking" album with "hard-edged power pop". Alluding to the record, Steven Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic described Cool for Cats as "the work of a rock & roll band [...] that lathered on the keyboards and herky-jerky rhythms".

Critical reception
In 1979, Billboard selected Cool for Cats as one of its "recommended LPs" and cited "Slap and Tickle", "Hop, Skip & Jump", "Up the Junction", and "It's So Dirty" as the album's "best cuts".

Reviewing the album in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau wrote: "Power poppers (remember them?) suck this stuff up, and I understand why—not only does its songcraft surpass that of the band's debut, but it also isn't quite as sophomoric. It's sophomoric enough, though, and like so many such records makes you wonder where the power is. Not in the vision, that's for sure. And not in the beat. Great song: 'Up the Junction.'"

In 1995, Chris Woodstra proclaimed Cool for Cats to be a "pure pop masterpiece" in the All Music Guide to Rock.

Track listing
All songs written by Chris Difford and Glenn Tilbrook except "Hop, Skip & Jump", by Difford and Jools Holland.
 * 1) "Slap and Tickle" – 4:00
 * 2) "Revue" – 2:30
 * 3) "Touching Me Touching You" – 2:25
 * 4) "It's Not Cricket" – 2:35
 * 5) "It's So Dirty" – 3:11
 * 6) "The Knack" – 4:34
 * 7) "Hop, Skip & Jump" – 2:46
 * 8) "Up the Junction" – 3:12
 * 9) "Hard to Find" – 3:37
 * 10) "Slightly Drunk" – 2:41
 * 11) "Goodbye Girl" – 3:08
 * 12) "Cool for Cats" – 3:39

Bonus tracks (1997 reissue)

 * 1) "I Must Go" – 2:16
 * 2) "Ain't It Sad" – 3:29

Bonus tracks (2007 Japanese remaster)
(Note: These bonus tracks precede the 1997 bonus tracks on the album.)
 * 1) "Saints Alive" – 2:30
 * 2) "All's Well" – 2:27
 * 3) "Christmas Day" – 3:53
 * 4) "Going Crazy" – 3:53
 * 5) "Blood and Guts" – 5:01

Personnel
Squeeze
 * Glenn Tilbrook – keyboards, lead guitars, vocals
 * Jools Holland – keyboards, vocals (7)
 * Chris Difford – rhythm guitars, vocals
 * Harri Kakoulli – bass
 * Gilson Lavis – drums

Production and Technical
 * Squeeze – producers, arrangements
 * John Wood – producer, arrangements
 * Brian Humphries – engineer
 * Andrew Lumm – engineer
 * Laurence Burrage – assistant engineer
 * Michael Ross – art direction
 * Geoff Halpin – original sleeve design
 * Jeffrey Kent Ayeroff – artwork
 * Janette Beckman – photography
 * Mark Hanauer – photography
 * Chuck Beeson – cover design
 * Cindy Marsh – illustrations
 * Glenn Tilbrook – digital remastering
 * Roger Wake – digital remastering

title: Cool for Cats (album)


text:
Khukha

Khukha is a village in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is a Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Jhelum Tehsil and is a "model" village. It lies 7 km west of Dina,1 km east of Gaggar Khurd, 5 km north of Rohtas and 10 km north east of Tilla Jogian. Neighbouring villages of khukha include Natain, Khojki and Mota Gharbi.

The historical Grand Trunk Road (before the British made the tarmac road) runs from north to south on the west side of the village leading to Rohtas and then onto Jhelum. There is a Bavali (deep water well) made by the Mughals on this route about 1 km to the north west of the village. There is now a new water supply which uses a new bore-hole (located near Baba Sher Shah's darbar) from where water is pumped to the new water tank (located near the Jamia Masjid) and water is supplied to almost the entire village.

title: Khukha


text:
Catherine Carey

Catherine Carey, after her marriage Catherine Knollys and later known as both Lady Knollys and Dame Catherine Knollys, (c. 1524 – 15 January 1569), was chief Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth I, who was her first cousin.

Biography
Catherine Carey was born in 1524, the daughter of William Carey of Aldenham in Hertfordshire, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber and Esquire of the Body to Henry VIII, and his wife Mary Boleyn, who had once been a mistress of the king. Catherine was thus Elizabeth I's maternal first cousin. Some historians believe that Catherine was an illegitimate child of Henry VIII, which would make her also Elizabeth I's paternal half-sister through their shared father, Henry VIII.

Catherine was said to be a witness to the execution of her aunt, Anne Boleyn, in 1536; however, claims that she had stayed overnight to entertain and distract her aunt Anne in the Tower of London before the latter's execution have been dismissed.

Catherine went on to become Maid of Honour to both Anne of Cleves and Catherine Howard, the fourth and fifth wives of Henry VIII. On 26 April 1540 she married Sir Francis Knollys. Her husband was named a Knight of the Garter in 1593, although he had already been knighted in 1547. He was also Treasurer of the Royal Household. From the time of her marriage, Catherine became known as Mistress Knollys, and from 1547 as Lady Knollys. When not in London, the couple lived at Reading in Berkshire and Rotherfield Greys in Oxfordshire, and because they were staunch Protestants, they fled to Germany during the reign of Queen Mary I.

Princess Elizabeth wrote to her cousin there, and Catherine was appointed Chief Lady of the Bedchamber after Elizabeth became queen. For the first ten years of the reign, Lady Catherine combined the most senior post among the ladies-in-waiting with motherhood to more than a dozen children. Elizabeth never recognized Catherine as her half-sister, and it was certainly not a relationship that Catherine or Sir Francis ever openly claimed. At court, Catherine was acknowledged as the queen's favourite among her first cousins, and Elizabeth's lack of other female relatives to whom she felt close may be adequate to explain this favoured position.

She died on 15 January 1569 at Hampton Court Palace, being outlived by her husband and children, and was buried the following April in St Edmund's Chapel in Westminster Abbey. There is a small commemorative plaque in the abbey, although her chief monument is at Rotherfield Greys in Oxfordshire.

Catherine's epitaph reads: "The Right Honourable Lady Catherine Knollys, chief Lady of the Queen's Majesty's Bedchamber, and Wife to Sir Francis Knollys, Knight, Treasurer of Her Highnesses Houshold, departed this Life the Fifteenth of January, 1568, at Hampton-Court, and was honourably buried in the Floor of this Chapel. This Lady Knollys, and the Lord Hunsdon her Brother, were the Children of William Caree, Esq; and of the Lady Mary his Wife, one of the Daughters and Heirs to Thomas Bulleyne, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormonde; which Lady Mary was Sister to Anne Queen of England, Wife to K. Henry the Eighth, Father and Mother to Elizabeth Queen of England."

Issue
Sir Francis and Lady Knollys produced sixteen children:

 * Mary Knollys (c. 1541 – 1593). She married Edward Stalker.
 * Sir Henry Knollys (c. 1542 – 1582). He was a member of parliament representing first Shoreham, Kent (1563) and then Oxfordshire. Esquire of the Body to Elizabeth I. He was married to Margaret Cave (1549–1600), daughter of Sir Ambrose Cave and Margaret Willington. Their daughter Lettice Knollys (1583–1655) married before 19 June 1602 William Paget, 4th Baron Paget.
 * Lettice Knollys, Countess of Essex and of Leicester (8 November 1543 – 25 December 1634). She married first Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex, secondly Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, and thirdly Sir Christopher Blount.Lettice Knollys1.jpg, Catherine's daughter]]
 * William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury, (c. 1544 – 25 May 1632). He was married first to Dorothy Bray, who was 20 years his senior; and secondly to Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, and his second wife Catherine Knyvett.
 * Edward Knollys (1546–1580). He was a member of Parliament.
 * Sir Robert Knollys (1547–1626). Member of Parliament representing Reading, Berkshire (1572–1589), Brecknockshire (1589–1604), Abingdon, Oxfordshire (1604, 1624–1625) and finally Berkshire (1626). He married Catherine Vaughan, daughter of Sir Rowland Vaughan, of Porthamel.
 * Richard Knollys (1548 – 21 August 1596). Member of Parliament representing first Wallingford (1584) and then Northampton (1588). Married Joan Heigham, daughter of John Heigham, of Gifford's Hall, Wickhambrook, Suffolk.
 * Elizabeth Knollys (15 June 1549 – c. 1605). Lady Elizabeth married Sir Thomas Leighton of Feckenham, Worcester, son of John Leighton of Watlesburgh and Joyce Sutton, in 1578. Her husband served as Governor of Jersey and Guernsey.
 * Maud Knollys (1548 – ?). Died young.
 * Sir Thomas Knollys (died 1596). Known for service in the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648). Governor of Ostend in 1586. Married Odelia de Morana, daughter of John de Morada, Marquess of Bergen.
 * Sir Francis Knollys "the Younger" (c. 1552 – 1648). Member of Parliament representing first Oxford (1572–1588) and then Berkshire (1597, 1625). Married Lettice Barrett, daughter of John Barrett, of Hanham. Father-in-law of John Hampden.
 * Anne Knollys (19 July 1555 – 30 August 1608). Married Thomas West, 2nd Baron De La Warr. Mother to Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, after whom the state of Delaware is named.
 * Catherine Knollys (21 October 1559 – 20 December 1620). Married first Gerald FitzGerald, Baron Offaly (son of Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare and Mabel Browne) and secondly Sir Phillip Butler, of Watton Woodhall. She was the mother of Lettice Digby, 1st Baroness Offaly.
 * Cecily Knollys (c. 1560 - ?).No known descendants.
 * Margaret Knollys. No known descendants.
 * Dudley Knollys (9 May 1562 – June 1562)

In literature
The possibility that Catherine, and perhaps her brother Henry, were illegitimate children of Henry VIII, appears in many works of fiction, including Wendy J. Dunn's The Light in the Labyrinth and Philippa Gregory's The Other Boleyn Girl. Carey is also a character in Gregory's The Boleyn Inheritance, where she is sent to the royal court during the time of Queens Anne of Cleves and Catherine Howard, and in The Virgin's Lover, where, as the mother of the seventeen-year-old Lettice Knollys, she is among Elizabeth I's closest companions. In Henry VIII's Wives by Alison Prince, the book's narrator has a friend, Catherine "Kitty" Carey, whose father died of sweating sickness and whose mother is Mary Boleyn. In this book, Catherine was thought to be the king's daughter. Catherine is the featured subject in the novel Cor Rotto: A Novel of Catherine Carey by Adrienne Dillard. The Lady Carey by Anne R Bailey.

title: Catherine Carey


text:
Seine (department)

Seine is a former department of France, which encompassed Paris and its immediate suburbs. It was the only enclaved department of France, being surrounded entirely by the former Seine-et-Oise department. Its prefecture was Paris and its INSEE number was 75. The Seine department was disbanded in 1968 and its territory divided among four new departments: Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne.

General characteristics
From 1929 to its abolition in 1968, the department consisted of the City of Paris and 80 surrounding suburban communes. It had an area of 480 km2 (185 sq. miles), 22% of that area being the City of Paris and 78% being suburbs. It was the only enclaved department in France. It was divided into three arrondissements: Paris, Sceaux and Saint-Denis.

For most of the Seine department's existence, its prefect also exercised direct authority over the City of Paris as well. As a result, Paris was the only commune without a mayor; it had theoretically less autonomy than the smallest commune.

Formation
Seine was created on 4 March 1790, as the department of Paris (Département de Paris). In 1795, it was renamed as the department of Seine (Département de la Seine) after the Seine River flowing through it.

At the first census of the French Republic in 1801, the Seine department had 631,585 inhabitants (87% of them living in the City of Paris, 13% in the suburbs) and was the second most populous department of the vast Napoleonic Empire (behind Nord), more populous than even the dense departments of what is now Belgium and the Netherlands.

With the growth of Paris and its suburbs over the next 150 years, the population of the Seine department increased tremendously.

Dissolution
By 1968 it contained 5,700,754 residents (45% of them living in the City of Paris, 55% in the suburbs), making it by far the most populous department of France. It was considered that the Seine department was now too large to be governed effectively. On 1 January 1968, it was split into four smaller departments: Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne. The latter three also include parts of the former Seine-et-Oise department, which was also abolished at the same time.

The breakup of the Seine department involved the following changes:

 * The city (commune) of Paris was turned into a department in its own right, with no other communes inside this department. The official number 75 which was used for the Seine department was given to the new Paris department.
 * To the south and southeast of the city, 29 communes of the Seine department were grouped with 18 communes of the Seine-et-Oise department to form the new Val-de-Marne department. The official number 94 was assigned to this department, a number previously used for the Territoires du Sud territory in the Saharan part of French Algeria.
 * To the west of Paris, 27 communes of the Seine department were grouped with nine communes of Seine-et-Oise to form the new Hauts-de-Seine department. The official number 92 was assigned to this department, a number previously used for the department of Oran in French Algeria.
 * Finally, to the north and northeast the 24 remaining communes of the Seine department were grouped with 16 communes of the Seine-et-Oise department to form the new Seine-Saint-Denis department. The official number 93 was assigned to this department, a number previously used for the department of Constantine in French Algeria.

Taken together, Hauts-de-Seine, Val-de-Marne and Seine-Saint-Denis are known in France as the Petite Couronne (meaning "small ring"), as opposed to the Grande Couronne ("large ring") of the more distant suburbs. The Petite Couronne plus the City of Paris total 762 km2, more than the former Seine department (480 km2).

The Métropole du Grand Paris, an administrative structure created in 2016, comprises Paris and the three departments of the Petite Couronne, plus seven additional communes in the Grande Couronne.

Demographics
At the 2006 census, the population of the communes that had previously comprised the Seine department was 5,496,468. The population of the department peaked in 1968 at 5,700,754. It then lost inhabitants until 1999 (with a nadir of 5,203,818 inhabitants at the 1999 census) as residents increasingly relocated to the more distant suburbs of the metropolitan area of Paris, but since 1999 it has regained some inhabitants, with a population increase of 292,650 inhabitants between 1999 and 2006. This new population growth after a long period of decline is comparable to what is observed in the central areas of other large Western metropolises such as Inner London.

Of the new departments created in 1968, Paris was the most populous in 2006 with 2,181,371 inhabitants. The Paris department is currently the second-most populous of France behind that of Nord.

title: Seine (department)


text:
Argybargy

Argybargy is the third studio album by the English new wave band Squeeze. Written and recorded after the band's successful sophomore release, Cool for Cats, the album's lyrics were written by Chris Difford while living with his wife in New York City. The band reunited with Cool for Cats producer John Wood and, after Glenn Tilbrook composed music for Difford's new lyrics, recorded the album in late 1979.

Argybargy was a commercial and critical success, reaching number 32 in the UK and becoming the first Squeeze album to chart in the US. The album has since been recognized as a classic of new wave and features multiple of the band's most famous songs, including "Another Nail in My Heart," "Pulling Mussels (from the Shell)," and "If I Didn't Love You."

Background
Following the commercial success of the band's previous album, Cool for Cats, as well as a successful international tour, Squeeze reached its highest level of success to that point. This level of fame and recognition began to take its toll; Glenn Tilbrook worried of becoming "too big for [his] boots" and struggled with being recognized in public. He recalled,

""I was standing in [a pub] in Blackheath with my mates when I became conscious of the fact that a lot of people were looking at me. ... I had to get out. I'd never experienced anything like it before and it was a horrible feeling. As much as I wanted to be successful and famous, I wasn't as comfortable with fame as I'd thought.""

Following the Cool for Cats tour, Chris Difford married and spent the summer of 1979 in the US with his wife. There he wrote over 40 new lyrics, inspired by his new marriage and his time spent in Greenwich Village. He recalled, "I would sit in the flat all day while [wife] Cindy went to work and this fluidity of lyricism came gushing forth. The whole of the Argybargy album came in one fell swoop and lots more besides that never saw the light of day."

Recording
When asked by A&M Records to produce a third album, the band brought back Cool for Cats producer John Wood and Tilbrook composed music for the best of Difford's new lyrics. The album was recorded during the tail end of 1979.

Argybargy would be the last Squeeze album featuring founding member Jools Holland until Squeeze's first reunion album, 1985's Cosi Fan Tutti Frutti. Difford recalled, "He was becoming less and less involved at this time. I think he was getting frustrated that he wasn't getting more of a shout in the band, but by then he was spending less time thinking about being in the band and more about his career." Holland would release a solo album before moving to a television career.

Title
The album was titled Argybargy, a British expression that Difford said "sums up succinctly what our lives were like at the time. We were in each other's pockets, travelling in a minibus and on Freddie Laker planes. It was getting tiring, but we lived on the adrenalin of it."

Because the titular expression is not used in America, band manager Miles Copeland opposed the album name. Difford recalled, "Miles told us no one would know what it meant but we didn't give a shit and were in a belligerent, young Englishmen's mood, so we kept it."

Reception
Argybargy was released in February 1980. It spent 15 weeks on the UK Albums Chart, peaking at number 32. Argybargy was the first Squeeze album to chart in the US, reaching number 71 on the Billboard 200. On the Billboard dance chart, all cuts from Argybargy jointly peaked at number 76, and spent 6 weeks on that listing, in the summer of 1980.

Argybargy has seen critical acclaim from music writers. Chris Jones of BBC Music called the album "their crowning achievement" and "a masterpiece of kitchen sink pop," concluding, "If you're going to own at least one Squeeze album, this has to be the one." Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic wrote, "Argybargy doesn't stay in one place; it's restless and crackling with colors... with Argybargy it was clear that Squeeze were at the top of the pack among new wave popsters, and that their sardonic yet lively voice was unique among any pop group before or since."

Accolades
Paste listed Argybargy as the 20th best new wave album, calling it the band's "first truly great" album and concluding, "Clever, infectious, with genuine emotion lying just below the surface—it's everything a great New Wave record should be." Music journalist John M. Borack ranked Argybagy at number 58 on his list of "The 200 Greatest Power Pop Albums" in his book Shake Some Action: The Ultimate Guide to Power Pop.

Track listing
The track listing below is from the original UK LP release. On the American release, the song order was changed slightly, with "If I Didn't Love You" moved up to the first track of the second side, but the order otherwise remaining the same.

2008 deluxe edition
Argybargy was re-issued in 2008 as a two disc deluxe edition. The first disc includes the original album, the two bonus cuts from the 1997 reissue, and seven additional bonus tracks.

 * 1) "What the Butler Saw" ("Pulling Mussels" b-side) – 2:46
 * 2) "Someone Else's Heart" (Previously Unreleased Version) – 2:55
 * 3) "Pretty One" ("Another Nail in My Heart" b-side) – 2:46
 * 4) "Going Crazy" ("Christmas Day" b-side) – 3:56
 * 5) "Farfisa Beat" (Previously Unreleased Alternate Version) – 2:58
 * 6) "Library Girl" (Demo) – 3:17
 * 7) "If I Didn't Love You" (Glenn Tilbrook Demo) – 3:39

The second disc contains a concert recorded at the Hammersmith Odeon on 9 March 1980, plus a US radio commercial for the album.

 * 1) Radio Commercial – 1:05
 * 2) "Slap and Tickle" – 3:54
 * 3) "Touching Me Touching You" – 2:07
 * 4) "Slightly Drunk" – 2:40
 * 5) "Pulling Mussels (From the Shell)" – 3:44
 * 6) "Hop Skip and Jump"
 * 7) "Funny How It Goes" – 3:18
 * 8) "Another Nail in My Heart" – 2:55
 * 9) "Cool for Cats" – 3:46
 * 10) "Mess Around" – 2:37
 * 11) "I Think I'm Go Go" – 4:55
 * 12) "Take Me I'm Yours"
 * 13) "If I Didn't Love You" – 3:54
 * 14) "Strong in Reason" – 4:06
 * 15) "Misadventure"
 * 16) "It's So Dirty" – 3:02
 * 17) "Goodbye Girl" – 4:14
 * 18) "Up the Junction" – 3:03
 * 19) "There at the Top"
 * 20) "Going Crazy" – 4:59

Personnel
Squeeze
 * Chris Difford – rhythm guitars, vocals, lead vocals on "Here Comes That Feeling", co-lead vocals on "If I Didn't Love You" & "I Think I'm Go Go"
 * Glenn Tilbrook – keyboards, lead guitars, lead vocals
 * Jools Holland – keyboards, vocals, lead vocals on "Wrong Side of the Moon"
 * John Bentley – bass
 * Gilson Lavis – drums

with:
 * Del Newman – string arrangements

Production
 * John Wood – producer, mixing
 * Andrew Lumm – engineer
 * Squeeze – mixing
 * Frank DeLuna – mastering at A&M Studios (Hollywood, California, USA)
 * Michael Ross – art direction, design
 * Mike Laye – front cover photography

title: Argybargy


text:
Tallemant

Tallemant may refer to:

 * François Tallemant l'Aîné
 * Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux (1619-1692), French writer

title: Tallemant


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/1898 invasion of Guantánamo Bay/archive1

1898 invasion of Guantánamo Bay
This was taken from a U.S. military website and is in the public domain. I've gone through it and done a copyedit, wikified it and taken out some minor POV wordings. What else should be resolved in this article? - Ta bu shi da yu 13:06, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I would love to see maps of the various operations if some can be found or made. Apart from that, I can't see anything missing / needing attention. WegianWarrior 08:20, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * More research to back up the facts in the article and to see if there is anything else important that needs coverage is the only thing I see. It looks really good otherwise. - Taxman 15:46, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC)


text:
James Hannen, Baron Hannen

James Hannen, Baron Hannen, PC, FRS (19 March 1821 – 29 March 1894) was an English barrister and judge.

Biography
Son of a London merchant, he was born at Peckham. He was educated at St Paul's School and at Heidelberg University, which was famous as a school of law. Called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1848, he joined the home circuit. At this time, he also wrote for the press, and supplied special reports for the Morning Chronicle. Though not eloquent in speech, he was clear, accurate and painstaking, and soon advanced in his profession, passing many more brilliant competitors. He appeared for the claimant in the Shrewsbury peerage case in 1858, when Henry Chetwynd-Talbot, 3rd Earl Talbot was declared to be entitled to the earldom of Shrewsbury as the descendant of John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury; was principal agent for the United Kingdom on the mixed British and American commission for the settlement of outstanding claims, 1853–1855; and assisted in the prosecution of the Fenian prisoners at Manchester.

In 1868, Hannen was appointed a judge of the Court of Queen's Bench. In many cases he took a strong position of his own, notably in that of Farrar v. Close (1869), which materially affected the legal status of trade unions and was regarded by unionists as a severe blow to their interests. Hannen became judge of the Court of Probate and Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes in 1872. By virtue of being the Probate Judge, he became President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division by operation of the Judicature Acts when three courts became part of the new High Court of Justice. Here he showed himself a worthy successor to Cresswell Cresswell and Lord Penzance.

Many important causes came before him, but he will chiefly be remembered for the manner in which he presided over the Parnell special commission. His influence pervaded the whole proceedings, and it is understood that he personally penned a large part of the voluminous report. Hannen's last public service was in connection with the Bering Sea inquiry at Paris, when he acted as one of the British arbitrators. In January 1891 he was appointed a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary with the dignity of a life peerage as Baron Hannen, of Burdock in the County of Sussex, but in that capacity he had few opportunities for displaying his powers, and he retired at the close of the session of 1893.

Personal life
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in March 1891. He died in London, after a prolonged illness, on 29 March 1894 and is interred in the catacombs of West Norwood Cemetery

He was the elder brother of Sir Nicholas John Hannen who was Chief Justice of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan from 1891 to 1900 and concurrently British Consul General at Shanghai from 1891 to 1898. Nicholas Hannen also served as the Judge of the British Court for Japan from 1881 to 1891. His son Henry Arthur, born 1861, was formally educated and became a justice of the peace lived in Smiths Hall in West Farleigh & was married.

Hannen had a bladder stone removed and suffered from hyperuricemia. He was advised by his surgeon to take up a vegetarian diet which he did for the rest of his life. Hannen was Vice-President of the London Vegetarian Society.

title: James Hannen, Baron Hannen


text:
Réaux

Réaux may refer to:

 * Réaux, Charente-Maritime, a commune of the Charente-Maritime departement in France

People with the surname

 * Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux (1619–1692), French writer
 * Raymond Reaux (born 1940), French cyclist

title: Réaux


text:
Androula Yiakoumetti

Androula Yiakoumetti is a Cypriot dialectologist based at the University of Cambridge. Her research focuses on Greek language and socio-cultural factors that influence language acquisition.

title: Androula Yiakoumetti


text:
Category talk:Feminism

Anorexia nervosa
Isn't it a tad ludicrous to put Anorexia nervosa in this category? --Notquiteauden 13:14, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Category:Feminism and society
There's a new subcategory for this category. Please help by adding in the appropriate articles the subcategory. Sofeil 07:21, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

inclusion of names in this list, inconsistent format
Some names are listed alphabetically by given name, others by surname. This should be standardized. Edaham (talk) 01:17, 27 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Feminism


text:
Windows Neptune

Neptune was the codename for a version of Microsoft Windows under development in 1999. Based on Windows 2000, it was originally to replace the Windows 9x series and was scheduled to be the first home consumer-oriented version of Windows built on Windows NT code. Internally, the project's name was capitalized as NepTune.

History
Neptune largely resembled Windows 2000, but some new features were introduced. Neptune included a logon screen similar to that later used in Windows XP. A firewall new to Neptune was later integrated into Windows XP as the Windows Firewall. Neptune also experimented with a new HTML and Win32-based user interface originally intended for Windows Me, called Activity Centers, for task-centered operations.

Only one alpha build of Neptune, 5111, was released to testers under a non-disclosure agreement, and later made its way to various beta collectors' sites and virtual museums in 2000. Other builds of Neptune are known to exist due to information in beta builds of Windows Me and Windows XP. In November 2015, a build 5111.6 disk was shown in a Microsoft Channel 9 video; version 5111 was the last build of Neptune that was sent to external testers, as the .1 or .6 after the build number stood for variant, not for compile. It is the only build of Neptune that made its way to the public. Build 5111 included Activity Centers - a new task-based user interface that featured individual "pages" focusing on daily tasks with facilities that include (but are not limited to) browsing the Internet, communication, document management and entertainment. User management was also improved in Neptune with the introduction of several new user types as well as a dedicated full-screen user interface. The new interfaces were primarily implemented using Internet Explorer's web technology, often using the then-new Mars framework. A key focus of the Neptune project was to experiment with user experiences that did not require manually saving previous work; some of this effort is visible in the only available build, which enables hibernation by default and requires the user to take extra steps to fully shut down the device. The Activity Centers could be installed by copying ACCORE.DLL from the installation disk to the hard drive and then running regsvr32 on ACCORE.DLL. The centers contained traces of Windows Me, then code-named Millennium, but were broken due to JavaScript errors, missing links and executables to the Game, Photo, and Music Centers. In response, some Windows enthusiasts have spent years fixing Activity Centers in build 5111 close to what Microsoft intended.

In early 2000, Microsoft merged the team working on Neptune with that developing Odyssey, the successor to Windows 2000 for business customers. The combined team worked on a new project codenamed Whistler, which was released at the end of 2001 as Windows XP. In the meantime, Microsoft released Windows Me in 2000 as their final 9x series installment. Early development builds of Whistler feature an improved version of the logon screen found in Neptune build 5111.

Triton
Neptune was intended to have a successor named Triton, which was to be a minor update with very few user interface changes; service packs were additionally planned for it. Triton was slated for a spring 2002 release (coinciding with Microsoft's final fiscal quarter of 2001). Triton was devised back in 1998 alongside Neptune; the only details of it within Microsoft's internal planning documentation that year relates to a deadline for added hardware support by December 2001.

According to Paul Thurrott, the timeline of releases was Windows NT 5.0 (the codename for Windows 2000) for high-end workstations and Windows 98 for entry-level and mid-range PCs from 1998 to 1999; followed by Neptune in 2000 and 2001 for both workstations and consumer PCs; followed by Triton for the same target audience. However, according to Charlie Kindel, Triton was to be a version of Neptune centered on home server usage.

The project's codename refers to Neptune's largest moon, Triton.

Legacy
The touch-oriented Metro design language introduced as part of Windows 8, released in 2012, shared a large number of common goals with the Neptune project, including the unimplemented Activity Centers' focus on typography as well as dedicated full-screen applications for common tasks. In addition, Windows 8 introduced hybrid boot, a functionality that takes advantage of hibernation to capture the initial states of necessary system applications and boot drivers, largely similar in principle to the Boot Accelerator feature that would have been included as part of Neptune.

title: Windows Neptune