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John Pethica

Sir John Bernard Pethica, (born 1953) is a British chemist and Science Foundation Ireland (S.F.I.) professor of material science at Trinity College, Dublin, Chief Scientific Advisor at the UK's National Physical Laboratory, and a visiting professor at Oxford University. Pethica is most noted for his work on the development of nanoindentation and atom resolution atomic force microscopy.

Education
John Pethica was a pupil at St Ambrose College, Trafford, Manchester. He received a PhD from IT Sligo in the late 1970s.

Career
In 2001, Pethica was one of the first ten people awarded an S.F.I. principal investigator award. Following the award, he transferred his activities from Oxford to Dublin.

In February 2005, it was announced that Pethica will be the director of the Naughton Institute which will house CRANN, a new purpose built nanotechnology centre in Trinity College Dublin.

In October 2007, Pethica was made the Chief Scientific Advisor at the UK's National Physical Laboratory, the UK’s National Measurement Institute.

Honours and awards
In 1999, Pethica was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS). He has also served as Vice-President and Physical Secretary of the Royal Society. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng) in 2013. He was elected an honorary fellow of St Cross College, Oxford in 2014.

Pethica was the 2001 recipient of the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society of London, and the 2002 recipient of the Holweck Prize from the Institute of Physics.

Pethica was knighted in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to science.

Personal life
Pethica is an accomplished musician - playing violin and other instruments - with a particular interest in Irish and British folk music.

title: John Pethica


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Seven Seas of Rhye

"Seven Seas of Rhye" is a song by the British rock band Queen. It was primarily written by Freddie Mercury, with Brian May contributing the second middle-eight. The song is officially credited to Mercury only. A rudimentary instrumental version appears as the final track on the group's self-titled debut album (1973), with the final version on the follow-up Queen II (1974).

The completed version served as the band's third single, and after performing the song on the BBC's Top of the Pops in February 1974 it became their first hit, reaching number 10 on the UK Singles Chart. It is the earliest-released song to appear on their Greatest Hits album, with the exception of some versions where their first single, "Keep Yourself Alive", is included. "Seven Seas of Rhye" is inspired by the fantasy world of Freddie Mercury and his sister, Kashmira Bulsara when they were children.

Background
Initially "Seven Seas of Rhye" was simply an "instrumental musical sketch closing their first album". An expanded rendition, planned to be included on the album Queen II, was publicly premiered when Queen was offered a sudden chance to appear on the BBC's Top of the Pops in February 1974, and was rushed to vinyl two days later on 25 February. It became their first chart entry after gaining airtime on BBC Radio 1, peaking at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart, which in turn persuaded Freddie Mercury to take up Queen as his full-time career.

Style, construction and interpretation
The song features a distinctive arpeggiated piano introduction.

The version on Queen II ends with a cross fade, instruments blending into the band singing "I Do Like to Be Beside the Seaside", accompanied by a stylophone played by Roy Thomas Baker, which was a sole exception to their "no synths" statement. Its inclusion here on the final track of Queen II is briefly mirrored via whistling during the first few seconds of "Brighton Rock", which opens their next album, Sheer Heart Attack.

In a 1977 radio interview, Mercury described the subject of the song as a "figment of his imagination". In the Queen musical We Will Rock You, the Seven Seas of Rhye is a place where the Bohemians are taken after they are brain-drained by Khashoggi.

Reception
Cash Box called it a "high energy rocker with Led Zeppelin overtones," stating that "the group's extraordinary talents are perfectly displayed here in heavy metal fashion." Record World said that Queen's "'rock in the royal tradition' is looking for its own top 40 chart crown."

Live performances
The song was dropped from the live set in 1976 and was not played in concert again until The Works Tour eight years later.

In September 2016 it was the opening song of the set at the first performance of Queen + Adam Lambert's tour of Asia in Tel Aviv's Park HaYarkon in Israel.

Personnel
Instrumental Version
 * Freddie Mercury – piano
 * Brian May – electric guitar
 * Roger Taylor – drums, percussion
 * John Deacon – bass guitar

Vocal version

Queen
 * Freddie Mercury – lead and backing vocals, piano
 * Brian May – electric guitar, backing vocals
 * Roger Taylor – drums, gong, tambourine, percussion, backing vocals
 * John Deacon – bass guitar

Guest musician
 * Roy Thomas Baker – stylophone

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Seven Seas of Rhye


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Talk:Wildcard / A Word from the Wise

Wise vs 'Wise
Is the EP called "A Word from the Wise" but the compilation album is called "Wildcard\A Word from the 'Wise" (with an apostrophe). I know Wise proboly is a short for Pennywise. But is the ' officially in the title? Najoj 14:45, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

-Yeah, the apostrophe is in the official title.

title: Talk:Wildcard / A Word from the Wise


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Yemek

The Yemek or Kimek were a Turkic tribe constituting the Kimek-Kipchak confederation, whose other six constituent tribes, according to Abu Said Gardizi (d. 1061), were the Imur (or Imi), Tatars, Bayandur, Kipchaks, Lanikaz, and Ajlad.

Ethnonym
Minorsky, citing Marquart, Barthold, Semenov and other sources, proposes that the name Kīmāk (pronounced Kimäk) is derived from Iki-Imäk, "the two Imäk", probably referring to the first two clans (Īmī and Īmāk) of the federation.

On the other hand, Pritsak attempted to connect the Kimek with the Proto-Mongolic Kumo of the Kumo Xi confederation (庫莫奚; Middle Chinese: kʰuoH-mɑk̚-ɦei; *qu(o)mâġ-ġay, from *quo "yellowish" plus denominal suffix *-mAk); Golden judges Pritsak's reconstruction "highly problematic", as Pritsak did not explain how Quomâġ might have produced Kimek; still, Golden considers the connection with the Proto-Mongolic world seriously.

Mahmud al-Kashgari does not mention any Kimek, but Yamāk; Kashgari further remarked that Kara-Khanids like him considered Yemeks to be "a tribe of the Kipchaks", though contemporary Kipchaks considered themselves a different party. The ethnonym Yemäk might have been transcribed in the mid 7th century by Chinese authors as 鹽莫 Yánmò < Middle Chinese *jiäm-mâk, referring a Tiele group who initially inhabited northwestern Mongolia before migrating to north of Altay Mountains and Irtysh zone.

Initially, Golden (1992:202, 227, 263) accepted the identification of Kimeks with Imeks/Yimeks/Yemeks, because the /k/ > ∅, resulting in Kimek > İmek, was indeed attested in several Medieval Kipchak dialects; Golden also thought Yemeks unlikely to be 鹽莫 *jiäm-mâk > Yánmò in Chinese source. However, Golden later changed his mind, reasoning that, as the Medieval Kipchak dialectal sound-change /k/ > ∅ had not yet happened in the mid-7th century Old Turkic, the identification of Yemeks with Kimeks is disputed. As a result, Golden (2002:660-665) later abandons the Kimeks > Yemeks identification and becomes more amenable to the identification of 鹽莫 Yánmò with Yemeks, by scholars such as Hambis, Zuev, and Kumekov, cited in Golden (1992:202). According to Tishin (2018), Yemeks were simply the most important of the seven constituent tribes whose representatives met at the Irtysh valley, where the diverse Kimek tribal union emerged, as related by Gardizi.

History
In the Western Turkic Khaganate two Chuy tribes, Chumukun and Chuban, occupied a privileged position of being voting members of the confederation's Onoq elite, while the Chuyue and Chumi tribes did not. A part of the Chuyue tribe intermixed with the Göktürks' remnants and formed a tribe called Shatuo, which lived in southern Dzungaria, to the west of Lake Barkol. The Shatuo separated from the Chuyue in the middle of the 7th century. (Another component of the Chuyue, the Chigil, were still listed in censuses taken in Tsarist Russia and the early decades of the Soviet Union.)

After the disintegration in 743 AD of the Western Turkic Kaganate, a part of the Chuy tribes remained in its successor, the Uyghur Kaganate (740-840), and another part retained their independence. During the Uyghur period, the Chuy tribes consolidated into the nucleus of the tribes known as Kimaks in the Arab and Persian sources. Lev Gumilyov associated one Duolu Chuy tribe, Chumukun 處木昆 (< *čomuqun "immersed in water, drowned") with the Kimeks as both coincidentally occupied the same territory, i.e. Semirechye, and that Chumukun were known only to Chinese and Kimek only to Persians and Arabs. The head of the Kimek confederation was titled Shad Tutuq, "Prince Governor" (tutuk being from Middle Chinese tuo-tuok 都督 "military governor"); as well as Yinal Yabghu, according to Gardizi. By the middle of the eighth century, the Kimeks occupied territory between the Ural River and Emba River, and from the Aral sea and Caspian steppes, to the Zhetysu area.

Kimek Khanate
After the 840 AD breakup of the Uyghur Khaganate, the Yemeks headed a new political tribal union, creating a new Kimek state. Abu Said Gardizi (d. 1061) wrote that the Kimak federation consisted of seven tribes: Yemeks (Ar. Yamāk < MTrk *Yemǟk or *(Y)imēk), Eymür, Tatars, Bayandur, Kipchak, Lanikaz and Ajlad. Later, an expanded Kimek Kaganate partially controlled the territories of the Oguz, Kangly, and Bagjanak tribes, and in the west bordered the Khazar and Bulgar territories. The Kimaks led a semi-settled life, as the Hudūd mentioned a town named *Yimäkiya (> Yamakkiyya > ms. Namakiyya); while the Kipchaks, in some customs, resembled the contemporary Oghuzes, who were nomadic herders.

In the beginning of the eleventh century the Kipchak Khanlyk moved west, occupying lands that had earlier belonged to the Oguz. After seizing the Oguz lands, the Kipchaks grew considerably stronger, and the Kimeks became dependents of the Kipchaks. The fall of the Kimek Kaganate in the middle of the 11th century was caused by the migration of Central Asian Mongolian-speaking nomads, displaced by the Mongolian-speaking Khitan state of Liao, which formed in 916 AD in Northern China. The Khitan nomads occupied the Kimek and Kipchak lands west of the Irtysh. In the eleventh to twelfth centuries a Mongol-speaking Naiman tribe displaced the Kimeks and Kipchaks from the Mongolian Altai and Upper Irtysh as it moved west.

Between the ninth and thirteenth centuries Kimek tribes were nomadizing in the steppes of the modern Astrakhan Oblast of Russia. A portion of the Kimeks that left the Ob-Irtysh interfluvial region joined the Kipchak confederation that survived until the Mongol invasion, and later united with the Nogai confederation of the Kipchak descendants. The last organized tribes of the Nogai in Russian sources were dispersed with the Russian construction of zaseka bulwarks in the Don and Volga regions in the 17th-18th centuries, which separated the cattle breeding populations from their summer pastures. Another part of the Nogai were deported from the Budjak steppes after Russian conquest of Western Ukraine and Moldova in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century.

Ethnolinguistic Belonging
According to C. E. Bosworth (2007) and R. Turaeva (2015) the Kimek tribe was Turkic.

According to R. Preucel and S. Mrozowki (2010) and S. Divitçioğlu (2010), the Kimek tribe was Tungusic.

Josef Markwart proposed that Kimeks were Turkicized Tatars, who were related to the para-Mongolic-speaking Tatabï, known to Chinese as Kumo Xi.

Sümer associates the Kimeks with the Chiks (who were mentioned in Tang Huiyao and Bilge Qaghan inscription ); however, Golden sees little evidence for this.

Legacy
According to Golden (1992), the Quns and Śari (whom Czeglédy (1949:47-48,50) identifies with Yellow Uyghurs ) were possibly induced into the Kimek union or took over said union and absorbed the Kimek. As a result, the Kipchaks presumably replaced the Kimeks as the union's dominant group, while the Quns gained ascendancy over the westernmost tribes and became Quman (though difficulties remain with the Qun-Cuman link and how Qun became Cuman, e.g. qun + man "the real Quns"? > *qumman > quman?). Kimeks were still represented amongst the Cuman–Kipchaks as Yimek ~ Yemek (Old East Slavic: Polovtsi Yemiakove).

The majority of researchers (Bakikhanov, S.A. Tokarev, A.I. Tamay, S. Sh. Gadzhieva) derive the name "Kumyk" from a Turkic ethnonym Kimak, or from another name for Kipchaks — Cuman.

Genetics
A genetic study published in Nature in May 2018 examined the remains of Kimek male buried in Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan ca. 1350 AD. He was found to be carrying the paternal haplogroup R1b1b and the maternal haplogroup A. It was noted that he was not found to have "elevated East Asian ancestry".

title: Yemek


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Thomas Van Orden

Thomas David Van Orden (September 1, 1944 – November 11, 2010) was an American lawyer who unsuccessfully challenged the constitutionality of displaying the Ten Commandments on the grounds of the Texas Capitol under the Establishment Clause of the U.S. Constitution. Van Orden v. Perry, 125 S. Ct. 2854 (2005).

Van Orden is lesser known for In Re Van Orden, 559 S.W.2d 805, Tex. Crim. App., (1977) in which he was punished as an attorney for contempt by the highest criminal court in Texas.

Early life and education
A native Texan born in Fort Worth who spent part of his boyhood in Tyler, Van Orden graduated from the University of North Texas and then earned his law degree from Southern Methodist University School of Law. Van Orden described himself as a "religious pluralist."

Vietnam War
Thomas Van Orden was a veteran who served during the Vietnam War. He was initially assigned to be an Army helicopter door gunner but was reassigned to the Judge Advocate General's Corps and tasked with preparing wills for his fellow soldiers. Thomas's older brother was killed in action in the same conflict. His brother, a Navy pilot, served aboard the same carrier as future senator and presidential contender John McCain. Like his brother, Van Orden later became a civilian pilot as well as an instructor.

Legal practice
After his service, Thomas Van Orden returned to Tyler to practice law, and this included a tenure as attorney for the City of Tyler. Van Orden was also appointed to represent clients by the Hon. William Wayne Justice, the U.S. district judge for the Eastern District of Texas, sitting in Tyler. Van Orden subsequently relocated to Houston to focus his practice on criminal defense before eventually again moving his law practice to Austin. His license to practice law was suspended in December 1999 for "disciplinary sanctions" and "default in payment of occupation tax."

Van Orden v. Perry
Van Orden v. Perry was presented before the U.S. Supreme Court on March 2, 2005. For the final appeal before the U.S. Supreme Court Van Orden's was represented by Erwin Chemerinsky, an American lawyer, law professor, and prominent scholar in United States constitutional law and federal civil procedure. The contention was that a large granite monument carved with the Ten Commandments, on display on the Texas State Capitol grounds in Austin, violated the Establishment Clause of the U.S. Constitution.

Van Orden argued that Texas "accepted" the monument "for the purpose of promoting the Commandments as a personal code of conduct for youths and because the Commandments are a sectarian religious code, their promotion and endorsement by the State as a personal code contravenes the First Amendment." He asserted that the district court's finding that the State had a secular purpose for the display is not supported by the evidence and that a reasonable viewer would perceive the display of the Decalogue as a State advancement and endorsement of religion favoring the Jewish and Christian faiths. Excerpted: 351 F.3d 173 U.S., 5th Cir (2003).

In a decision reached June 27, 2005, the Supreme Court ruled 5 to 4 against Van Orden. The opinion has several notable distinctions. It is one of the last opinions delivered by the late Chief Justice William Rehnquist.

Rehnquist wrote the plurality opinion upholding the constitutionality of a display of the Ten Commandments at the Texas state capitol in Austin:

"Our cases, Janus-like, point in two directions in applying the Establishment Clause. One face looks toward the strong role played by religion and religious traditions throughout our Nation's history.... The other face looks toward the principle that governmental intervention in religious matters can itself endanger religious freedom."

This opinion was joined by Justices Scalia, Kennedy, and Thomas; Breyer filed a separate opinion concurring in the plurality's judgment. It is perceived as undermining the legacy of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor's contribution to American jurisprudence by the majority's rejection of the Lemon test as announced in Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971). Several books have since been written about the case.

Van Orden is also considered noteworthy because he was at the time of his lawsuit and during the litigation destitute and homeless, living out of a tent. The media thus dubbed him "The Homeless Lawyer", a label Van Orden expressed distaste for, stating, "What do you think defines me: where I slept or what I did all day?" However, when friends put him up in an apartment, he soon left to return to his tent in the woods.

Personal life
Suffering from depression during professional and financial troubles, he was divorced in the 1990s. In early 1992 Thomas Van Orden resided in Henderson, Texas, taking shelter at various locations, including First United Methodist Church and using the city library.

At the age of 66, Van Orden died at Temple, Texas, hospital and was buried at the Central Texas State Veterans Cemetery in Killeen.

title: Thomas Van Orden


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Pac-Man 2: The New Adventures

Pac-Man 2: The New Adventures, known in Japan as Hello! Pac-Man (ハロー! パックマン), is a 1994 side-scrolling point-and-click adventure game in the Pac-Man series developed and published by Namco. Instead of being a maze game like the majority of its predecessors, Pac-Man 2 incorporates light point-and-click adventure game elements. The game borrows its structure and certain elements from Pac-Land, and also appears to contain certain elements from the animated series, such as Pac-Man's family and a main villain commanding the ghosts.

The game was released in 1994 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, and was released for the Sega Genesis exclusively in the US.

Gameplay
Pac-Man 2: The New Adventures is a graphic adventure game, a vast departure from its predecessors. Players assume the role of Pac-Man as he must carry out different quests given to him by other characters. Many of these involve retrieving a specific item, such as a bottle of milk or a flower. Unlike other adventure games, players cannot control Pac-Man directly, who will wander and interact with the in-game world at his own pace. Instead, players use a slingshot to guide, or "influence" Pac-Man to his destination or to attract his attention towards a specific object. The player is able to also use the slingshot on Pac-Man, which can result in various changes to Pac-Man's current mood, or can wake him up after fainting.

In each quest, the player will need to solve puzzles to progress. The solutions to these puzzles are based on Pac-Man's moods, which differ based on the player's actions. For example, the player can shoot down an apple from a tree, which Pac-Man will eat and makes him happier, while shooting Pac-Man in the face will make him irritated or depressed. Pac-Man's moods will also determine how cooperative he becomes; for instance, making Pac-Man too happy will cause him to become smug and cocky, and as a result less willing to follow the orders of the player. Some sections of the game follow Pac-Man riding on a hang glider or in a minecart through "chase" scenes, which require fast-reflexes from the player. Pac-Man may sometimes encounter his enemies Blinky, Pinky, Inky, and Clyde, where he will immediately become frightened and run around the screen. Feeding Pac-Man a Power Pellet, stored in an inventory at the bottom corner of the screen, will transform him into Super Pac-Man; giving him the ability to fly at high speeds and eat the ghosts. If the player visits an arcade, they can play the original Pac-Man. Finding three game cartridges across locations in the game will allow them to play Ms. Pac-Man in the SNES version; or a new original game, titled Pac-Jr. in the Sega Genesis version.

Plot
After an introductory sequence in which Pac-Man introduces himself and the game's mechanics, the plot unfolds as a loosely connected series of misadventures stemming from Pac-Man's quest to complete tasks for his family, all while the ghosts and their mysterious leader plot to destroy him. Pac-Man is first tasked with finding milk for Pac-Baby, which he procures from the local farm. Sometime after, Pac-Man is asked by Ms. Pac-Man to pick a special flower for Lucy, a friend of Pac-Jr's, for her birthday. Pac-Man is given a trolley ticket which he uses to venture into the nearby mountains, hang-gliding and dodging ghosts and boulders as he searches for the flower. Upon returning home with the flower, Pac-Man is exasperated to find that Lucy's party has already started and that she has already been given another flower. Sometime after, Pac-Jr comes home very sad and tells his father that his guitar was stolen by ghosts while he was in Pac-City. Pac-Man is given a train ticket to travel to the city, where he takes on the ghosts; disguised as a security guard, to get the guitar back. In the final segment of the game, Pac-Man discovers from a news report that the ghosts are stealing ABC gum from children all over Pac-City, at which point the Ghost Witch of Netor takes over the broadcast and challenges Pac-Man to face her and her newly created Gum Monster. He sets off to work his way through the abandoned factory where the monster is being created. Pac-Man eventually reaches the secret hideout of the Ghost Witch, in which a final battle between Super Pac-Man and the Gum Monster takes place. Super Pac-Man defeats the Gum Monster, with the Ghost Witch and her minions fleeing to plan their next scheme. Despite not being able to save the children's ABC gum, Pac-Man is congratulated by the town and his family as a hero.

Reception
The game received mixed to positive reviews when it was first released. GamePro held that on the one hand the game is innovative, intriguing, and sometimes fun, but on the other hand the inability to control Pac-Man directly can be annoying and the game sometimes makes one wish for the simplicity of the original Pac-Man. Their review of the Genesis version was more positive. While the reviewer acknowledged that the gameplay is "an acquired taste", he wholeheartedly approved of the innovative challenge, and also praised the game's humorous animations and gibberish voicing. In November 1994, Famitsu magazine's Reader Cross Review gave the Super Famicom version of the game a 7 out of 10.

Entertainment Weekly gave the game a C− and wrote that "Of course, there's nothing wrong with updating old boomer faves, but some games don't translate as well as others. The original Pac-Man, for instance, was wonderfully algebraic in its simplicity: An animated yellow dot scoots around a maze, gobbling up (or running away from) pursuing ghosts. Pac-Man 2: The New Adventures is a Super Mario-type action game hampered by what Namco calls its 'character guidance interface.' Players can't control Pac directly: they influence his actions by calling attention to obstacles. Sound frustrating? It is. I needed a dozen tries just to figure out how to play this game."

title: Pac-Man 2: The New Adventures


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Jared Jeffries

Jared Scott Carter Jeffries (born November 25, 1981) is an American former professional basketball player. Jeffries was drafted with the 11th overall pick of the 2002 NBA draft by the Washington Wizards. He also played for the New York Knicks, Houston Rockets, and Portland Trail Blazers before retiring in 2013. In college, Jeffries played for the Indiana Hoosiers; during his sophomore year, he was an integral part of the Hoosiers' Cinderella run to the 2002 NCAA Championship game, was named Big Ten Player of the Year, and was a consensus second-team All-American. At 6'11", he mainly played at both forward positions.

Jeffries served as the Director of Player Personnel for the Denver Nuggets from 2016 to 2017.

High school
Before competing in the college ranks, Jeffries attended high school at Bloomington High School North, advancing to the Indiana High School Athletic Association (IHSAA) basketball finals in 2000 before losing to Marion High School, led by fellow future NBA player Zach Randolph. In his last two years in high school, one of his teammates was future North Carolina player Sean May. Jeffries was recognized as the 2000 Indiana Mr. Basketball.

College
Jeffries played basketball for the Indiana University Hoosiers, where he played for two years before forgoing his junior and senior years to enter the NBA draft. Jeffries was recruited by Bob Knight, but Knight was fired shortly before his freshman season. Jeffries was a key cog in the Hoosiers' Cinderella run to the 2002 NCAA title game. Against #1 Duke in the East Regional semifinals, Jeffries had 24 points and 15 rebounds to lead IU to a 74–73 upset victory. Jeffries received the 2002 Silver Basketball from the Chicago Tribune as the Most Valuable Player of the Big Ten.

Washington Wizards (2002–2006)
Jeffries was selected by the Washington Wizards with the 11th pick in the 2002 NBA draft. As a lottery-level pick, Jeffries received a guaranteed three-year contract with the Wizards. Jeffries appeared in 20 games alongside Michael Jordan during his rookie season, which was cut short when he tore his ACL during practice. However, he appeared in all 82 games during his sophomore season and was a regular starter during the 2004–05 season. On October 31, 2004, the Wizards exercised a contract option to keep Jeffries with the team through the 2005–06 season.

New York Knicks (2006–2010)
The New York Knicks signed Jeffries on August 8, 2006, after the Washington Wizards declined to match the Knicks' offer. Shortly before the 2006 season, Jeffries suffered a wrist injury and missed the first 23 games of the season.

On December 16, 2006, Jeffries was involved in the Knicks–Nuggets brawl. He was suspended for four games.

Houston Rockets (2010–2011)
On February 18, 2010, Jeffies was traded to the Houston Rockets along with Jordan Hill as part of a three team trade which sent Tracy McGrady to the New York Knicks. Jeffries agreed to a buyout with the Rockets on February 25, 2011.

Return to New York (2011–2012)
On March 1, 2011, Jeffries rejoined the Knicks.

Portland Trail Blazers (2012–2013)
On July 16, 2012, Jeffries, Dan Gadzuric, the rights to Greek forward Giorgos Printezis and the 48th pick in the 2012 NBA draft, Kostas Papanikolaou, and a 2016 second round pick were traded to the Portland Trail Blazers for Kurt Thomas and Raymond Felton.

Jeffries' final NBA game was on March 10, 2013, in a 96 – 98 loss to the New Orleans Hornets where he played for $14 1/2$ minutes and recorded no stats other than 2 fouls. On April 18, 2013, the Trail Blazers announced that they had waived Jeffries.

Post-playing career
In September 2013, Jeffries retired from the NBA in conjunction with accepting a front office position with the Denver Nuggets as a pro personnel scout.

In April 2016, Jeffries was promoted to Director of Player Personnel for the Nuggets.

In July 2017, Jeffries was named President of Echo Fox, an eSports organization founded by former NBA player Rick Fox.

On October 18, 2022, Jeffries was a contestant on The Price Is Right, winning a pair of TAG Heuer watches, then a Toyota Corolla playing One Away. His show aired on January 9, 2023. Due to his 6'11" height, he was unable to drive the small car so he gave it to his daughter as a gift.

Television career
In the summer of 2011, Jeffries starred in a dramatic production of Our Town by Thornton Wilder, alongside former Wizards teammates Gilbert Arenas and Etan Thomas, as well as former Boost Mobile spokesman Faizon Love.

During the summer of 2013, Jeffries began filming as the host of a fishing television series documenting his fishing adventures around the world. The show, Modern Fishing with Jared Jeffries, premiered December 30, 2013 on the Outdoor Channel and is now in its fourth season.

title: Jared Jeffries


text:
Battle of the Tongue River

The Battle of the Tongue River, sometimes referred to as the Connor Battle, was an engagement of the Powder River Expedition that occurred on August 29, 1865. In the battle, U.S. soldiers and Indian scouts attacked and destroyed an Arapaho village.

Background
Major General Grenville M. Dodge assumed command of the Department of the Missouri in 1865. Dodge ordered a punitive campaign to suppress the Cheyenne, Sioux, and Arapaho Indians who had been raiding overland mail routes, wagon trains, and military posts along the Oregon and Overland trails. He gave tactical command of the Powder River Expedition, as it was called, to Brigadier General Patrick Edward Connor, commander of the District of Utah.

The expedition was a multi-pronged affair involving 2,600 soldiers, civilians, and Indian scouts. Three columns of soldiers were to descend upon the Powder River Country of Wyoming and Montana, unite, and "make vigorous war upon the Indians and punish them so that they will be forced to keep the peace." Connor was in overall command and led the westernmost or left prong of the expedition. The forces under his direct command consisted of 380 soldiers: 6 companies of the 6th Michigan Cavalry, Company F of the 7th Iowa Cavalry, and Companies E and K of the 11th Ohio Cavalry. Also included were civilian guides headed by mountain man Jim Bridger, 95 Pawnee scouts under Captain Frank J. North, 84 Omaha and Winnebago scouts under Captain E. W. Nash, and 195 civilian teamsters. Connor left Fort Laramie on July 30, 1865, marching north. He established a fort on the upper Powder River which he named Fort Connor (later renamed Fort Reno) and left some of his men there to staff the fort.

The battle
Jim Bridger saw the smoke of an Indian village and Connor sent out Frank North and two Pawnees to find the village. On August 28, the scouts reported back that they had found the village about 35 miles west of Connor's force. Connor quickly collected his most mobile soldiers, consisting of about 200 soldiers with two mountain howitzer cannon and 40 Omaha and Winnebago and 30 Pawnee scouts, and marched that night toward the village. With Bridger leading them, they reached the village about eight a.m. the next morning.

The soldiers charged the village, having achieved complete surprise. The howitzers pounded the village while the soldiers rushed in, catching the Indians unprepared. In the melee, there was a great deal of indiscriminate firing and women and children were killed as well as warriors. The village, led by Black Bear and Medicine Man, had about 500 inhabitants. Many of the men were absent for a raid on the Crow along the Big Horn River, leaving mostly old men, women, and children in the village. After the initial attack the few able warriors in the village put up an effective defense, retreating about twelve miles up Wolf Creek while covering the flight of the women and children.

Most of the soldiers remained in the village to loot and burn the tipis, but Connor and about 30 men, including 15 Pawnee, pursued the retreating Arapaho. The Arapaho counterattacked and Connor, his horses spent, was forced to retreat back to the village. The soldiers there completed their work of destruction as the Indians harassed them from a distance, attempting to re-capture their horse herd. The soldiers abandoned the destroyed village about 2:30 that afternoon, North and the Pawnee leading and driving before them more than 500 captured horses. The Arapaho persisted in their attacks but were unable to re-capture the horses, eventually giving up the effort. At 3 a.m. the next morning, the soldiers reached their starting point, having covered more than 70 miles and fought a battle in less than 36 hours.

Casualties
Connor claimed to have killed 63 Arapaho warriors and wounded many more, although a large number of casualties occurred among the Arapaho women and children. Private Little Bird of the Omaha Scouts was killed, and Acting Sergeant Charles M. Latham of the Signal Corps was mortally wounded, while six men, including Second Lieutenant Oscar Jewett, were wounded. Connor singled out four Winnebago, including the chief, Little Priest, along with North and 15 Pawnee for bravery. He strictly forbade looting, and the next day ordered all the property collected during the occupation of the village burned, and had the captured women and children released.

Aftermath
The Arapaho were apparently not cowed by the destruction of one of their villages. Two days later, they killed Captain Osmer F. Cole of the 6th Michigan Cavalry, commander of the military escort for the Sawyers Expedition. The next day, on September 1, 1865, 100 or more Arapaho attacked the well-armed Sawyers train of 60 ox wagons along the Tongue River under the command of James A. Sawyers. They killed two men, wounded several more, stole livestock, and kept the wagon train under siege for two weeks until General Connor's soldiers rescued it. The effectiveness of the Arapaho attack was limited by their shortage of powder for their muskets, and many of the bullets they fired failed to penetrate the skin of either men or oxen. (See Sawyers Fight)

Officers in the Engagement

 * Brigadier General Patrick E. Connor
 * Captain Nicholas J. O'Brien, Company F, 7th Iowa Cavalry
 * Captain Jacob L. Humphreyville, Company K, 11th Ohio Cavalry
 * Captain Edwin R. Nash, Omaha and Winnebago Scouts
 * Captain Frank J. North, Pawnee Scouts
 * Second Lieutenant Oscar Jewett, Company D, 1st Nevada Cavalry (wounded)

Order of battle
United States Army, Powder River Expedition, August 29, 1865.

Native Americans

The Battlefield today
A portion of the battlefield is preserved by the Connor Battlefield State Historic Site in Ranchester, Wyoming. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

title: Battle of the Tongue River


text:
Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co

Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co [1877] is a House of Lords case considered unremarkable for many years until it was resurrected in 1947 by Lord Denning in the case of Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd in his development of the doctrine of promissory estoppel. The case was the first known instance of the concept of promissory estoppel.

Facts
Thomas Hughes owned property leased to the Railway Company at 216 Euston Road. Under the lease, Hughes was entitled to compel the tenant to repair the building within six months of notice. Notice was given on 22 October 1874 from which the tenants had until 22 April to finish the repairs. On 28 November, the tenant railway company sent a letter proposing that Hughes purchase the tenant's leasehold interest. Negotiations began but later broke down, at which point the landlord demanded the repair of the building from 6 months since the original notice. The tenant claimed he should have had 6 months from the time the negotiations broke down, based on promissory estoppel.

Court of Common Pleas
The Court of Common Pleas held in favour of the landlord, Mr Hughes. Metropolitan appealed. Lord Coleridge CJ delivered the leading judgment, with which Brett J and Lindley J concurred.

Court of Appeal
The Court of Appeal (1875–76) LR 1 CPD 120 reversed the decision of Court of Common Pleas. James LJ, Mellish LJ, Baggallay JA, Mellor J, and Cleasby B gave judgments.

House of Lords
The House of Lords affirmed the Court of Appeal. It ruled that with the initiation of the negotiations there was an implied promise by the landlord not to enforce their strict legal rights with respect to the time limit on the repairs, and the tenant acted on this promise to their detriment. Lord Cairns LC gave the lead judgment, with which Lords O'Hagan, Selborne, Blackburn and Gordon concurred.

My Lords, it is upon those grounds that I am of opinion that the decision of the Court below is correct. It was not argued at your Lordships' Bar, and it could not be argued, that there was any right of a Court of Equity, or any practice of a Court of Equity, to give relief in cases of this kind, by way of mercy, or by way merely of saving property from forfeiture, but it is the first principle upon which all Courts of Equity proceed, that if parties who have entered into definite and distinct terms involving certain legal results—certain penalties or legal forfeiture—afterwards by their own act or with their own consent enter upon a course of negotiation which has the effect of leading one of the parties to suppose that the strict rights arising under the contract will not be enforced, or will be kept in suspense, or held in abeyance, the person who otherwise might have enforced those rights will not be allowed to enforce them where it would be inequitable having regard to the dealings which have thus taken place between the parties. My Lords, I repeat that I attribute to the Appellant no intention here to take advantage of, to lay a trap for, or to lull into false security those with whom he was dealing; but it appears to me that both parties by entering upon the negotiation which they entered upon, made it an inequitable thing that the exact period of six months dating from the month of October should afterwards be measured out as against the Respondents as the period during which the repairs must be executed.

In this instance the rights of the landlord were suspended only temporarily, allowing the tenant more time to repair.

title: Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co


text: User:Porcher

title: User:Porcher


text:
Canadian Multiculturalism Act

The Canadian Multiculturalism Act (Loi sur le multiculturalisme canadien) is a law of Canada, passed in 1988, that aims to preserve and enhance cultural diversity, i.e. multiculturalism, in Canada.

Background
On 8 October 1971, Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau declared in the House of Commons of Canada that, after much deliberation, the policies of bilingualism and multiculturalism would be implemented in Canada. In other words, the Government of Canada would recognize and respect its society including its diversity in languages, customs, religions, and so on. According to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC): "In 1971, Canada was the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism as an official policy." One result of this policy statement was the Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1985.

In 1982, multiculturalism was recognized by section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and the Canadian Multiculturalism Act was subsequently enacted by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney.

Details
The preamble of the act declares that,

"WHEREAS the Constitution of Canada provides that every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and benefit of the law without discrimination and that everyone has the freedom of conscience, religion, thought, belief, opinion, expression, peaceful assembly and association and guarantees those rights and freedoms equally to male and female persons..."

The multiculturalism policy allows citizens to practice their religions and keep their identities without the fear of official persecution. It is believed by some that without this fear, Canadians are more willing to accept different cultures. The policy, therefore, emphasizes a mutual respect between ethnicities and also acceptance of one's personal beliefs.

This policy guarantees equality before the law and for pursuing opportunities whether personal, career, or in any other field. This means anyone of any race or ethnic origin is capable of pursuing his or her interests without persecution. Canadian law, as a result, reflects many of these rights and belief as they guaranteed to all men and women. All of these rights are guaranteed in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which is part of the Canadian Constitution.

The Parole Board of Canada writes that the act has two fundamental principles:
 * All citizens are equal and have the freedom to preserve, enhance and share their cultural heritage.
 * Multiculturalism promotes the full and equitable participation of individuals and communities of all origins in all aspects of Canadian society.

The act binds the federal government and its institutions to encourage, facilitate, assist and undertake several high-minded goals. The Minister may also enter into agreements with provincial and foreign governments to promote these goals. Other ministers may enter into agreements with the provinces. The "Canadian multiculturalism advisory committee" is established in Section 7, and the Minister is charged with the annual composition of a report on the operation of the act.

Content
The Canadian Multiculturalism Act affirms the policy of the Government of Canada to ensure that every Canadian receives equal treatment by the government which respects and celebrates diversity. The act also:
 * recognizes Canada's multicultural heritage and that this heritage must be protected
 * recognizes Aboriginal rights
 * recognizes English and French remain the only official languages but that other languages may be used
 * recognizes equality rights regardless of race, religion, etc.
 * recognizes minorities' rights to enjoy their cultures.

Section 3
Section 3 (1) of the act states:

"It is hereby declared to be the policy of the Government of Canada to

(a) recognize and promote the understanding that multiculturalism reflects the cultural and racial diversity of Canadian society and acknowledges the freedom of all members of Canadian society to preserve, enhance and share their cultural heritage

(b) recognize and promote the understanding that multiculturalism is a fundamental characteristic of the Canadian heritage and identity and that it provides an invaluable resource in the shaping of Canada’s future

(c) promote the full and equitable participation of individuals and communities of all origins in the continuing evolution and shaping of all aspects of Canadian society and assist them in the elimination of any barrier to that participation

(d) recognize the existence of communities whose members share a common origin and their historic contribution to Canadian society, and enhance their development

(e) ensure that all individuals receive equal treatment and equal protection under the law, while respecting and valuing their diversity

(f) encourage and assist the social, cultural, economic and political institutions of Canada to be both respectful and inclusive of Canada’s multicultural character

(g) promote the understanding and creativity that arise from the interaction between individuals and communities of different origins

(h) foster the recognition and appreciation of the diverse cultures of Canadian society and promote the reflection and the evolving expressions of those cultures

(i) preserve and enhance the use of languages other than English and French, while strengthening the status and use of the official languages of Canada; and

(j) advance multiculturalism throughout Canada in harmony with the national commitment to the official languages of Canada."

title: Canadian Multiculturalism Act


text: User talk:66.66.15.90

title: User talk:66.66.15.90


text:
User:Sannse/dog watch

Breeds
(up to date as of 13:28, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC))
 * Affenpinscher | t
 * Afghan Hound | t
 * Africanis | t
 * Aidi | t
 * Airedale Terrier | t
 * Akbash Dog | t
 * Akita Inu | t
 * Alano Español | t
 * Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog | t
 * Alaskan Klee Kai | t
 * Alaskan husky | t
 * Alaskan Malamute | t
 * Alpine Dachsbracke | t
 * American Bulldog | t
 * American Cocker Spaniel | t
 * American English Coonhound | t
 * American Eskimo Dog | t
 * American Foxhound | t
 * American Hairless Terrier | t
 * American Pit Bull Terrier | t
 * American Staffordshire Terrier | t
 * American Water Spaniel | t
 * Anatolian Shepherd Dog | t
 * Anglo-Francais de Petite Venerie | t
 * Appenzeller Sennenhund | t
 * Argentine Dogo | t
 * Ariege Pointer | t
 * Ariegeois | t
 * Artois Hound | t
 * Australian Bulldog | t
 * Australian Cattle Dog | t
 * dingo | t
 * Australian Jack Russell Terrier | t
 * Australian Kelpie | t
 * Australian Shepherd | t
 * Australian Silky Terrier | t
 * Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog | t
 * Australian Terrier | t
 * Austrian Brandlbracke | t
 * Azawakh | t
 * Barbet (dog) | t
 * Basenji | t
 * Basset Artesien Normand | t
 * Basset Bleu de Gascogne | t
 * Basset Fauve de Bretagne | t
 * Basset Hound | t
 * Bavarian Mountain Hound | t
 * Beagle | t
 * Beagle-Harrier | t
 * Bearded Collie | t
 * Beauceron | t
 * Bedlington Terrier | t
 * Belgian Griffon | t
 * Belgian Shepherd Dog | t
 * Belgian Shepherd Dog (Groenendael) | t
 * Belgian Shepherd Dog (Laekenois) | t
 * Belgian Shepherd Dog (Malinois) | t
 * Belgian Shepherd Dog (Tervueren) | t
 * Bergamasco | t
 * Berger Blanc Suisse | t
 * Berger Picard | t
 * Bernese Mountain Dog | t
 * Bichon Frisé | t
 * Biewer | t
 * Billy (dog) | t
 * Black and Tan Coonhound | t
 * Black Mouth Cur | t
 * Black Russian Terrier | t
 * Bloodhound | t
 * Blue Picardy Spaniel | t
 * Bluetick Coonhound | t
 * Boerboel | t
 * Bolognese | t
 * Border Collie | t
 * Border Terrier | t
 * Borzoi | t
 * Bosanski Ostrodlaki Gonic Barak | t
 * Bosnian Tornjak | t
 * Boston Terrier | t
 * Bouvier des Ardennes | t
 * Bouvier des Flandres | t
 * Boxer (dog) | t
 * Boykin Spaniel | t
 * Bracco Italiano | t
 * Braque d'Auvergne | t
 * Braque du Bourbonnais | t
 * Braque Francais (Gascogne type) | t
 * Braque Francais (Pyrenean type) | t
 * Braque Saint-Germain | t
 * Brazilian Terrier | t
 * Briard | t
 * Briquet Griffon Vendeen | t
 * Brittany (dog) | t
 * Broholmer | t
 * Bull Terrier | t
 * Bull Terrier (Miniature) | t
 * Bulldog | t
 * Bullmastiff | t
 * Cairn Terrier | t
 * Canaan Dog | t
 * Canadian Eskimo Dog | t
 * Cane Corso | t
 * Cao da Serra de Aires | t
 * Cao de Castro Laboreiro | t
 * Cao Fila de Sao Miguel | t
 * Cardigan Welsh Corgi | t
 * Catahoula Leopard Dog | t
 * Catalan Sheepdog | t
 * Caucasian Ovcharka | t
 * Cavalier King Charles Spaniel | t
 * Central Asia Shepherd Dog | t
 * Cesky Fousek | t
 * Cesky Terrier | t
 * Chart Polski | t
 * Chesapeake Bay Retriever | t
 * Chihuahua (dog) | t
 * Chinese Crested Dog | t
 * Chinook (dog) | t
 * Chow Chow | t
 * Ciobanescu de Bucovina | t
 * Cirneco dell'Etna | t
 * Clumber Spaniel | t
 * Cockapoo | t
 * Cocker Spaniel | t
 * Collie | t
 * Coton de Tulear | t
 * Croatian Sheepdog | t
 * Cur | t
 * Curly Coated Retriever | t
 * Czeslovakian Wolfdog | t
 * Dachshund | t
 * Dalmatian | t
 * Dandie Dinmont Terrier | t
 * Danish Broholmer | t
 * Deerhound | t
 * Deutsche Bracke | t
 * Deutscher Wachtelhund | t
 * Dobermann | t
 * Dogue de Bordeaux | t
 * Drentse Patrijshond | t
 * Drever | t
 * Dunker | t
 * Dutch Shepherd Dog | t
 * Dutch Smoushond | t
 * East Siberian Laika | t
 * English Cocker Spaniel | t
 * English Coonhound | t
 * English Foxhound | t
 * English Mastiff | t
 * English Pointer | t
 * English Setter | t
 * English Shepherd | t
 * English Springer Spaniel | t
 * English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan) | t
 * Entlebucher Mountain Dog | t
 * Estonian Hound | t
 * Estrela Mountain Dog | t
 * Eurasier | t
 * Eurohound | t
 * Field Spaniel | t
 * Fila Brasileiro | t
 * Finnish Hound | t
 * Finnish Lapphund | t
 * Finnish Spitz | t
 * Flat-Coated Retriever | t
 * Foxhound | t
 * Fox Terrier | t
 * Francais Blanc et Noir | t
 * Francais Blanc et Orange | t
 * Francais Tricolore | t
 * Franzuskaya Bolonka | t
 * French Bulldog | t
 * French Spaniel | t
 * French Wirehaired Pointing Griffon | t
 * Galgo Español | t
 * German Longhaired Pointer | t
 * German Pinscher | t
 * German Rough-haired Pointer | t
 * German Shepherd Dog | t
 * German Shorthaired Pointer | t
 * German Spitz | t
 * German Spitz (Gross) | t
 * German Spitz (Klein) | t
 * German Spitz (Mittel) | t
 * German Wirehaired Pointer | t
 * Giant Schnauzer | t
 * Glen of Imaal Terrier | t
 * Goldendoodle | t
 * Golden Retriever | t
 * Gordon Setter | t
 * Grand Anglo-Francais Blanc et Noir | t
 * Grand Anglo-Francais Blanc et Orange | t
 * Grand Anglo-Francais Tricolore | t
 * Grand Basset Griffon Vendeen | t
 * Grand Bleu de Gascogne | t
 * Grand Gascon Saintongeois | t
 * Grand Griffon Vendeen | t
 * Gran Mastin de Borínquen | t
 * Great Dane | t
 * Great Japanese Dog | t
 * Greater Swiss Mountain Dog | t
 * Greek Harehound | t
 * Greenland Dog | t
 * Greyhound | t
 * Griffon Bleu de Gascogne | t
 * Griffon Bruxellois | t
 * Griffon Fauve de Bretagne | t
 * Griffon Nivernais | t
 * Haldenstovare | t
 * Hamiltonstövare | t
 * Hanover Hound | t
 * Harrier (dog) | t
 * Havanese dog | t
 * Hokkaido (dog) | t
 * Hovawart | t
 * Hungarian Vizsla | t
 * Hygenhund | t
 * Ibizan Hound | t
 * Icelandic Sheepdog | t
 * Indian Mastiff | t
 * Irish Red and White Setter | t
 * Irish Setter | t
 * Irish Terrier | t
 * Irish Water Spaniel | t
 * Irish Wolfhound | t
 * Istarski Kratkodlaki Gonic | t
 * Istarski Ostrodlaki Gonic | t
 * Istrian Sheepdog | t
 * Italian Greyhound | t
 * Jack Russell Terrier | t
 * Jagdterrier | t
 * Jämthund | t
 * Japanese Chin | t
 * Japanese Spitz | t
 * Japanese Terrier | t
 * Kai Ken | t
 * Kangal Dog | t
 * Karelian Bear Dog | t
 * Kars Dog | t
 * Keeshond | t
 * Kerry Blue Terrier | t
 * King Charles Spaniel | t
 * Kishu | t
 * Komondor | t
 * Kooikerhondje | t
 * Koolie | t
 * Korea Jindo Dog | t
 * Korean Mastiff | t
 * Kromfohrlander | t
 * Kuvasz | t
 * Labradoodle | t
 * Labrador Retriever | t
 * Lagotto Romagnolo | t
 * Lakeland Terrier | t
 * Lancashire Heeler | t
 * Landseer (Continental-European type) | t
 * Lapinporokoira | t
 * Large Munsterlander | t
 * Leonberger | t
 * Lhasa Apso | t
 * Lowchen | t
 * Mackenzie River husky | t
 * Mackenzie River Husky | t
 * Magyar Agar | t
 * Maltese (dog) | t
 * Manchester Terrier | t
 * Maremma Sheepdog | t
 * Mastiff | t
 * Mexican Hairless Dog | t
 * Miniature Australian Shepherd | t
 * Miniature Fox Terrier | t
 * Miniature Pinscher | t
 * Miniature Schnauzer | t
 * Mioritic | t
 * Mixed-breed dog | t
 * Moscovskaya Storozhevaya Sobaka | t
 * Mountain Cur | t
 * Mudi | t
 * Mudhol dog | t
 * Munsterlander | t
 * Neapolitan Mastiff | t
 * Nebolish Mastiff | t
 * Newfoundland (dog) | t
 * Norfolk Terrier | t
 * Norrbottenspets | t
 * Northern Inuit | t
 * Norwegian Buhund | t
 * Norwegian Elkhound | t
 * Norwegian Lundehund | t
 * Norwich Terrier | t
 * Nova Scotia Duck-Tolling Retriever | t
 * Old Danish Pointer | t
 * Old English Sheepdog | t
 * Olde Englishe Bulldogge | t
 * Osterreichischer Kurzhaariger Pinscher | t
 * Otterhound | t
 * Owczarek Podhalanski | t
 * Papillon | t
 * Parson Russell Terrier | t
 * Patterdale Terrier | t
 * Pekeapoo | t
 * Pekingese | t
 * Pembroke Welsh Corgi | t
 * Perdiguero de Burgos | t
 * Perro Cimarron | t
 * Perro de Pastor Mallorquin | t
 * Perro de Presa Canario | t
 * Perro de Presa Mallorquin | t
 * Perro de Toro | t
 * Peruvian Hairless Dog | t
 * Peruvian Inca Orchid | t
 * Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen | t
 * Petit Bleu de Gascogne | t
 * Petit Brabancon | t
 * Petit Gascon Saintongeois | t
 * Phalène | t
 * Pharaoh Hound | t
 * Phung San | t
 * Picardy Spaniel | t
 * Pinscher | t
 * Plott Hound | t
 * Podenco Canario | t
 * Poitevin (dog) | t
 * Polish Hound | t
 * Polish Lowland Sheepdog | t
 * Pomeranian (dog) | t
 * Pont-Audemer Spaniel | t
 * Poodle | t
 * Porcelaine | t
 * Portuguese Podengo | t
 * Portuguese Pointer | t
 * Portuguese Water Dog | t
 * Posavac Hound | t
 * Pudelpointer | t
 * Pug | t
 * Puli | t
 * Pumi (dog) | t
 * Pyrenean Mastiff | t
 * Pyrenean Mountain Dog | t
 * Pyrenean Shepherd | t
 * Queensland Heeler - see Australian Cattle Dog*Queensland Heeler - see t
 * Rafeiro do Alentejo | t
 * Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz | t
 * Rat Terrier | t
 * Redbone Coonhound | t
 * Rhodesian Ridgeback | t
 * Rottweiler | t
 * Rough Collie | t
 * Russian Toy Terrier | t
 * Russko-Evropeiskaia Laika | t
 * Russell Terrier | t
 * Saarlooswolfhond | t
 * Sabueso Espanol | t
 * Saluki | t
 * Samoyed (dog) | t
 * Sapsali | t
 * Šarplaninac | t
 * Sarplaninac | t
 * Schapendoes | t
 * Schillerstovare | t
 * Schipperke | t
 * Schnauzer | t
 * Schnoodle | t
 * Schweizer Laufhund | t
 * Schweizer Niederlaufhund | t
 * Scottish Terrier | t
 * Sealyham Terrier | t
 * Segugio Italiano | t
 * Seppala Siberian Sleddog | t
 * Serbian Hound | t
 * Serbian Mountain Hound | t
 * Serbian Tricolour Hound | t
 * Shar Pei | t
 * Shetland Sheepdog | t
 * Shiba Inu | t
 * Shih Tzu | t
 * Shikoku (dog) | t
 * Shiloh Shepherd Dog | t
 * Siberian Husky | t
 * Skye Terrier | t
 * Sloughi | t
 * Slovak Cuvac | t
 * Slovakian Hound | t
 * Slovensky Hrubosrsty Stavac (Ohar) | t
 * Smalandsstovare | t
 * Small Munsterlander | t
 * Smooth Collie | t
 * Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier | t
 * South Russian Ovtcharka | t
 * Spanish Mastiff | t
 * Spanish Water Dog | t
 * Spinone Italiano | t
 * St. Bernard (dog) | t
 * Stabyhoun | t
 * Staffordshire Bull Terrier | t
 * Standard Schnauzer | t
 * Stephens Cur | t
 * Styrian Coarse-haired Hound | t
 * Sussex Spaniel | t
 * Swedish Elkhound - see Jämthund*Swedish Elkhound - see t
 * Swedish Lapphund | t
 * Swedish Vallhund | t
 * Swiss Shorthaired Pinscher | t
 * Tenterfield Terrier | t
 * Thai Bangkaew Dog | t
 * Thai Ridgeback | t
 * Teddy Roosevelt Terrier | t
 * Tibetan Kyi Apso | t
 * Tibetan Mastiff | t
 * Tibetan Spaniel | t
 * Tibetan Terrier | t
 * Tosa (dog) | t
 * Toy Bulldog | t
 * Toy Fox Terrier | t
 * Toy Manchester Terrier | t
 * Toy Mi-Ki | t
 * Transylvanian Hound | t
 * Treeing Cur | t
 * Treeing Tennessee Brindle | t
 * Treeing Walker Coonhound | t
 * Tsvetnaya Bolonka | t
 * Tyrolean Hound | t
 * Utonagan t
 * Volpino Italiano | t
 * Weimaraner | t
 * Welsh Corgi | t
 * Cardigan Welsh Corgi | t
 * Pembroke Welsh Corgi | t
 * Welsh Springer Spaniel | t
 * Welsh Terrier | t
 * West Highland White Terrier | t
 * West Siberian Laika | t
 * Westphalian Dachsbracke | t
 * Wetterhoun | t
 * Whippet | t
 * Wirehaired Pointing Griffon | t
 * Yorkshire Terrier | t

Various

 * List of dog breeds | t
 * List of dog breeds by country | t
 * List of dog topics | t
 * Cat breed | t
 * List of images/Dogs | t

Associations

 * Fédération Cynologique Internationale | t
 * American Kennel Club | t
 * The Kennel Club | t
 * Canadian Kennel Club | t
 * Australian National Kennel Council | t
 * New Zealand Kennel Club | t
 * United Kennel Club | t
 * Continental Kennel Club | t

Wikiproject

 * WikiProject Dog breeds | t
 * WikiProject Dog breeds/To do | t
 * WikiProject Dog breeds/Breed grouping | t
 * WikiProject Dog breeds/General | t
 * WikiProject Dog breeds/Categories | t

Templates

 * Template:Infobox Dogbreed | t

title: User:Sannse/dog watch


text:
Science Foundation Ireland

Science Foundation Ireland (SFI; Fondúireacht Eolaíochta Éireann) is the statutory body in Ireland with responsibility for funding oriented basic and applied research in the areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) with a strategic focus. The agency was established in 2003 under the Industrial Development (Science Foundation Ireland) Act 2003 and is run by a board appointed by the Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science. SFI is an agency of the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science.

Remit
Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) is the national foundation for investment in scientific and engineering research. SFI invests in academic researchers and research teams who are most likely to generate new knowledge, leading edge technologies and competitive enterprises in the fields of science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM). The foundation also promotes and supports the study of, education in, and engagement with STEM and promotes an awareness and understanding of the value of STEM to society and, in particular, to the growth of the economy. SFI makes grants based upon the merit review of distinguished scientists. SFI also facilitates co-operative efforts among education, government, and industry that support its fields of emphasis and promotes Ireland's ensuing achievements around the world. When applying to SFI, applicants will be asked to justify the alignment of their research with Call- or Programme-specific themes and/or they will be required to describe the alignment of their research or activities with SFI's legal remit, as outlined below. Eligible research areas, or themes, may vary according to the scope and objectives of an individual programme and are described in the relevant call documentation. Details of individual programmes are included in the SFI Annual Plan.

Directors General of SFI
Graham Love acted as interim Director General of SFI from the departure of Frank Gannon until the appointment of Mark Ferguson.

History
Following a Technology Foresight activity managed by Forfás, the Irish Government allocated €1.3B under the 2000–2006 National Development Plan to spend on R&D. SFI was responsible for disbursing €650M of these monies in the targeted strategic areas of ICT and Biotechnology during this period.

After an initial call for research proposals in 2000, the first Director General, Dr William Harris, joined SFI in 2001 leading the organization to the establishment of a range of research programmes from Principal Investigator Awards to large research centers, called Centers for Science & Engineering Technology.

In 2006, under the next National Development Plan, under the Strategy for Science, Technology & Innovation (SSTI), the Irish Government allotted a further €3.7B to spend on R&D. A more recent and significant amendment to the SFI Act in 2013 widened SFI's remit further to include both oriented basic research and applied research. The extension of SFI's remit to include applied research enables the outcome of oriented basic research funded by SFI to be taken closer to market.

The foundation signed the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities in February 2009.

In January 2021, SFI was transferred from the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment to the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science.

Funding Programmes
SFI provides grants for researchers from around the world who wish to relocate to Ireland and those already based in Ireland, for outstanding investigators, for conferences and symposia, and for collaboration with industry. Proposals are evaluated in open competitions via a combination of international peer review and strategic fit with SFI's mission.

Science Foundation Ireland funds early- and mid-career researchers to become fully independent research leaders and collaborates with a number of UK based funding agencies, such as the Wellcome Trust, The Royal Society and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). These partnerships work, in some cases, by sharing the funding costs between the two agencies or in others, by facilitating Irish entry into the UK based fellowship.

Transitioning to Independence
Applies to early career researchers ready to embark on a career independent of their current supervisor; they will have a track record of research activity including senior author publications and will demonstrate an upward trajectory; they should be capable of describing research plans that fit into a national and international context and be starting to show evidence of independence and international recognition. Applicants to the SFI Starting Investigator Research Grant (SIRG), Royal Society-SFI University Research Fellowship and Wellcome Trust Research Career Development Fellowships are considered to be at the transition-to-independence stage.

Transitioning to Leadership
Applies to early and mid career researchers who have already demonstrated research independence. The SFI Career Development Award (CDA), Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowships in Basic Biomedical Science and Future Research Leader applicants are considered at the transition-to-leadership stage of their career.

Established Investigators and Leaders
SFI Investigators Programme funds the development of high caliber research capability and human capital in areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) that demonstrably support and underpin enterprise competitiveness and societal development in Ireland.

SFI Research Professorship Programme supports national research bodies in the recruitment of researchers for Professorial Chairs, or similar research leadership positions in targeted scientific areas in all areas covered by SFI's legal remit. The programme can also act as a mechanism to support the recruitment of individuals who possess a strong industry background, as well as for directorship roles in established research centres within eligible research bodies in Ireland.

Industry Programmes
The Industry Fellowship programme funds the bi-directional movement of academic and industry researchers. Fellowships can be awarded to academic researchers wishing to spend time in industry worldwide and to individuals from industry anywhere in the world (including Ireland) wishing to spend time in an eligible Irish Research Body. The programme facilitates knowledge transfer and training, building critical mass in areas of strategic importance for Ireland.

SFI Research Centres are large scale Research Centres which have an economic impact for Ireland. SFI Research Centres may be funded at a level of between €1-5 million per year in direct costs. SFI funds up to 70% of the overall Research Centre budget. A minimum of 30% of the budget must be secured from industry partners, at least one-third of which must be in cash. See details on the 16 funded SFI Research Centres here:

SFI Research Centre Spokes is a mechanism to allow new industry and academic partners to join the existing SFI Research Centres.

SFI Partnership Programme is a mechanism by which SFI builds collaborations with industry, funding agencies, charities, philanthropic organisations or higher education institutes (HEIs) in order to co-fund future opportunities.

SFI Centre for Research Training is a mechanism to fund cohorts of research students.

Other
SFI Research Infrastructure Call funds the research community in building and sustaining the required infrastructural capacity to accomplish research in areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. SFI supports the use, renewal and development of existing national research infrastructures and invests in modern research equipment and infrastructure in areas of national priority.

SFI Fellowship Programme is a career development programme that allows candidates to participate in the activities carried out by a funding agency in order to gain new experience.

SFI Conference and Workshop programme funds international and national conferences and workshops hosted in Ireland. These events are for the dissemination of research, knowledge exchange, development and exposure of early career researchers and students and development and growth of new and existing collaborations both nationally and internationally. SFI will support conferences and workshops of timely importance in all areas covered by SFI's legal remit. SFI Conference and Workshop Awards fall into four different categories: Conference, Exceptional Conference, Workshop and Conference Bid.

SFI Award for Journalism Relating to Science and Technology is an annual award issued by the National Student Media Awards (Smedias) and funded by SFI. The Smedias are run by the Oxygen.ie website.

Technology Innovation Development Award (TIDA) is a joint funded initiative by SFI and Enterprise Ireland (EI). The TIDA programme enables researchers to focus on the first steps of an applied research project that has a commercial benefit if further developed.

SFI St. Patrick's Day Medal
Every year Science Foundation Ireland celebrates the achievements of Irish Scientists, engineers and business leaders living and working in the USA. The agency awards two Medals - one for industry and one for academia. Both Medals recognise individuals who are not only outstanding in their fields of expertise but who also have demonstrably assisted researchers in Ireland in either academia or industry - via mentorship, supervision, collaboration, industrial development, entrepreneurship or who have made significant contributions to developing the research ecosystem in Ireland.

Past medal recipients are:

Public Engagement, Education and Outreach
SFI Discover is the education and public engagement programme of Science Foundation Ireland and covers three main areas of activity:
 * 1) Directly managed programmes (listed below)
 * 2) Projects and activity completed through the SFI Research Centres and other researchers funded through SFI
 * 3) Projects funded through the SFI Discover annual funding call.

Science Week
Science Week is an annual nationwide promotion of science to the general public, first starting in 1996. It consists of a week-long programme of events across Ireland each November to make science more interesting and accessible to children and adults alike.

Organised events take place in schools, colleges, universities, libraries, companies and other public places and are run by volunteers. The national media and promotional campaign is coordinated by SFI's Discover Programme with over 800 events taking place throughout the country.

The Science Week website is the information platform for events. Organisers submit their event details online to a searchable events database and participants upload images and videos of events they have attended.

SFI Curious Minds
The SFI Curious Minds Programme supports schools in delivering the science and maths curriculum in schools and to make it more interesting, relevant and visual for their students. It facilitates teacher training in general primary science, and provides teachers with online resources – which can also be used by parents and students – and classroom activity packs.

Major elements for the programme include:
 * "Continued Professional Development" for all staff of participating schools
 * Awards for 'Science and Maths Excellence', to reward primary schools for carrying out science, technology, engineering and maths activities both in the school and externally.
 * A network of over 50 Discover Centres with accredited workshops and outreach programmes for primary school students on a range of themes encompassing STEM

Discover Funding Call
Science Foundation Ireland, through the SFI Discover Programme promotes awareness and engagement of the Irish public with science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM). The SFI Discover Programme was set up to catalyse, inspire and guide STEM education and public engagement. To achieve this the programme Call funds the development of STEM education and public engagement sector in Ireland, investing in developing and extending activity and ability in this area, and exploring and encouraging novel means of engaging the public.

Science in Ireland Barometer
The study was commissioned by SFI and most recently completed by Qualia Analytics (in 2020–21) to establish the Irish public's attitudes and awareness of STEM in our society, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public attitudes and behaviours. Results from 2020 to 2021 are available on a dedicated SFI website: https://www.sfi.ie/engagement/barometer/. An earlier version of this survey was conducted in 2015. The 2015 study was involved face-to-face interviews, across a nationally representative sample of 1,008 adults aged 15+ in Ireland. The study found that awareness of science is generally positive. Science was deemed to be highly valued both for economic growth and personal prosperity but only half the population felt adequately informed. The public seek clarity and consistency in what they hear about science, with positive engagement of science teachers and parents being key factors to children's interest in STEM.

title: Science Foundation Ireland


text:
We Are Family Foundation

We Are Family Foundation (WAFF) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded by musician Nile Rodgers and his life partner, Nancy Hunt. Based in New York City—and established in the wake of the 9/11 attacks—WAFF recognizes, funds, and mentors youth leaders who work to bring about positive change. As of 2023, its programs included Three Dot Dash, which funds and mentors young people leading projects that address issues related to basic human needs, such as food, water, and shelter; the Youth To The Front Fund, which supports activists under the age of 30 and youth-led organizations fighting systemic racism and inequality; and Youth To The Table, which brings youth delegations to gatherings including the United Nations General Assembly, the Conference of the Parties and the World Economic Forum.

We Are Family Foundation has funded 16 elementary schools in Mali, Malawi, Mali, Nepal and Nicaragua in partnership with the international non-profit, buildOn. Young people from seventy countries have participated in the foundation's programs.

In January 2024 the World Economic Forum announced that Rodgers would receive its 2024 Crystal Award. Presented during the opening session of the event, the announcement stated that Rodgers would be recognized for his "efforts to make the world a more peaceful, equal and inclusive place through his music, his commitment to fighting systemic racism, inequality and injustice, and by championing innovative youth voices."

"We Are Family" (2001), We Are Family: A Musical Message for All, founding
With a goal of helping to begin the healing process following the 9/11 attacks, in late September Rodgers and Tommy Boy Records president Tom Silverman gathered more than 200 musicians, athletes and celebrities to record the Sister Sledge hit, "We Are Family". Written by Rodgers and Bernard Edwards in 1978, the 2001 recording featured Patti LaBelle, Queen Latifah,  Diana Ross, Sister Sledge and Luther Vandross, among others. Rodgers produced the single and served as the musical director for the "We Are Family" sessions, which took place in New York and Los Angeles on September 22 and 23. Spike Lee directed the accompanying music video, and Danny Schechter filmed, wrote and directed an 80-minute documentary, The Making and Meaning of 'We Are Family' . In 2002 it premiered as a special selection at the Sundance Film Festival, where it generated considerable audience enthusiasm.

The record charted, but received little exposure, and MTV rejected the video. (Schechter said it was "too black for them.") An activist since he was a teenager, when he worked with underserved children as a Black Panther, Rodgers began to work on an idea for a children's version of "We Are Family"  several weeks after the rerecording was released. He was well-versed in children's music: his first gig as a professional musician was on Sesame Street.

In December 2001, Rodgers recruited his friend, Sesame Street producer and songwriter Christopher Cerf, to help develop the project. With Hunt, Rodgers and Cerf created We Are Family: A Musical Message for All, a music video that featured more than 100 characters from children's television, including Arthur, Barney, Big Bird, Clifford the Big Red Dog, Dora the Explorer, Elmo, The Muppets, Pooh, and SpongeBob SquarePants.The three-minute video required cooperation from multiple stakeholders and took more than four months to complete. It premiered as a PSA on the Disney Channel, Nickelodeon, and PBS simultaneously on March 11, 2002, six months after the 9/11 attacks.

In July 2002, Hunt and Rodgers founded We Are Family Foundation. The name was chosen to echo the song's message of uniting people "across the boundaries of class, creed, gender, nationality, race and sexuality." In addition to tolerance and cultural diversity, We Are Family Foundation's early focus included education; a school-building campaign was initiated shortly after the organization was founded.

The foundation's first fundraiser took place at the home of attorney Mark Barondess in Annapolis later that month. Mattie J.T. Stepanek –  the terminally ill 11-year old author of three New York Times bestsellers – was honored with WAFF's first Peacemaker Award. In 2005, following Stepanek’s death,  the Peacemaker Award was renamed the Mattie J.T. Stepanek Peacemaker Award.

We Are Family: A Musical Message for All DVD/curriculum, controversy
In 2005, WAFF partnered with the Anti-Defamation League and its educational arm, A Word of Difference Institute, to create a tolerance and diversity curriculum built around We Are Family: A Musical Message for All. Financed through a  grant from the Toni Mendez Shapiro estate, 60,000 DVDs of the music video and its curriculum were manufactured. FedEx donated their services and the DVD, intended to teach tolerance, was delivered to every private and public elementary school in the United States for free.

Before the DVD was delivered to schools, James Dobson, the founder of the Christian fundamentalist group Focus on the Family, said that due to the presence of SpongeBob Square Pants in  the video, We Are Family Foundation was promoting a "gay agenda," causing a "media firestorm" to erupt in January 2005. It was widely reported that Dobson said SpongeBob was gay. In an interview on MSNBC, he said: "I did not do that.  That's the stupidest thing I have ever heard of."

Censored in Mississippi and banned in Broward County, Florida, the We Are Family: A Musical Message for All DVD was sent to schools on March 11, 2005, as initially planned. The children's version of "We Are Family" aired annually on March 11 on PBS, Nickelodeon and the Disney Channel for more than a decade.

We Are Family Foundation awards
Since 2002, WAFF has held an annual gala to present four awards: the Mattie J.T. Stepanek Peacemaker Award, which recognizes people who have made significant contributions toward promoting a peaceful society; the Visionary Award,  which honors a corporation or a person in the corporate world for philanthropic efforts;  the Humanitarian Award, for people in the public eye who have worked to better the human condition, and the Unity Award, for people in the public eye who have worked to better the human condition through art. Honorees have included  Maya Angelou, Bono, Jimmy Carter, Deepak Chopra,  Roger Daltrey, LL Cool J,  Jean Paul Gaultier, Sir Elton John, Quincy Jones,  Nelson Mandela, Dikembe Mutombo, Dolly Parton,  Paul Simon, Sting and Trudie Styler, Desmond and Leah Tutu and Steven Van Zandt.

Three Dot Dash
In 2008, WAFF introduced Three Dot Dash, a yearlong leadership and mentoring program designed to recognize and support the efforts of global teen leaders—young people who are leading projects that address issues related to basic human needs:  food, water, health, shelter, safety, education and the environment.

Inspired by Stepanek's book, Just Peace: A Message of Hope, We Are Family Foundation hosted the first international Three Dot Dash Just Peace Summit in 2008. The summit teaches teen leaders how to use media, technology and distribution to generate media attention and public support for their causes.

As of 2023, the Three Dot Dash program had selected and mentored global teen leaders from more than 70 countries across 6 continents.

TEDxTeen
In 2010 WAFF launched TEDxTeen, producing a series of ten conferences in New York and London between 2010 and 2017. Most of the 132 speakers and performers featured were teenagers. They included Jacob Barnett, an autistic teenager who became the world's youngest published astrophysics researcher ("Forgetting What You Know"); Marian Bechtel, who helped people in war-torn countries detect and avoid landmines ("Banjos, Landmines, and Saying Yes"); Jake Davis, an ethical hacker ("How We Hack the Planet");   Wu Tang Clan's GZA  ("The Genius of Science");  three-time cancer survivor, Kajmere Houchins  ("Opportunity, Just What the Doctor Ordered"); musician and producer Steve Lacy  ("Bare Maximum");   Ann Makosinski, who invented a torch powered by the heat from her hand to help kids that didn’t have electricity at home study  ("Why I Don't Have a Smart Phone");  Iraqi musician and activist Zuhal Sultan ("Why We Should Speak in Music");  and Marah Zahalka, the youngest member of the Middle East's first all-woman race car driving team ("Follow Your Drive"). Alessia Cara performed live for the first time at TEDxTeen in 2015, "planting a flag for the outsiders, the shy kids, the loners."

Among others, TEDxTeen conferences were hosted by Chelsea Clinton, Monique Coleman, Touré, and Q-Tip. Rodgers hosted both the inaugural event in 2010, and the "Crazy Ones '' -themed conference in 2014.

Youth To The Front Fund
In 2020, We Are Family Foundation launched the Youth To The Front Fund to support and fund youth activists under 30, and youth-led organizations that fight systemic racism, inequality, inequity and injustice. The Youth To The Front Fund's 2020 "Frontliners" represented seven states in the US and 10 countries on four different continents. Youth to the Front Fund was created following George Floyd’s murder. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Rodgers said:  "There have been countless murders of people of color for hundreds of years.  But the killing of George Floyd has resonated in a way I have never witnessed in my lifetime. I was politicized as a young person and now young people are leading the equal rights cause all around the world. I’m proud and I’m hopeful. Maybe at this moment in time, we’ll truly move in a direction of positive change for equality, equity and equal justice.”

We Are Family Foundation announced the 2024 Youth To The Front Fund Frontliners, "The Creatives," in a :30 second PSA directed by Michael Holman. The PSA introduces 25 "Creatives" and incorporates footage from Holman's 70s and 80s Super 8 film archives. It debuted as an 'art ad' during Saturday Night Live on February 3, 2024.

Youth To The Table
To bring young people's voices to decision-making spaces, the Youth To The Table program brings youth delegations to influential gatherings including the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), the Conference of the Parties (COP) and the World Economic Forum (WEF). Partnered with policymakers, governments, business leaders, organizations and corporations, Youth To The Table was founded in 2023. In December 2023 a Youth To The Table delegation attended COP28. They collaborated with earthday.org at the conference.

Funding
We Are Family Foundation is primarily funded through public donations. In December 2021, Rodgers sold more than 100 guitars at auction to benefit the organization, raising $1,640,500. He donated $1m to We Are Family Foundation to mark his 70th birthday in 2022.

title: We Are Family Foundation


text:
User talk:Porcher

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Invite

Gregbard 03:08, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Porcher! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot notifying you on behalf of the the unreferenced biographies team that 1 of the articles that you created  is currently tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 23:40, 18 August 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) James D. Murray -

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

República dos Pampas listed at Redirects for discussion
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title: User talk:Porcher


text:
Quiddity

In scholastic philosophy, "quiddity" (Latin: quidditas) was another term for the essence of an object, literally its "whatness" or "what it is".

Etymology
The term "quiddity" derives from the Latin word quidditas, which was used by the medieval scholastics as a literal translation of the equivalent term in Aristotle's Greek to ti ên einai (τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι) or "the what it was to be (a given thing)".

Overview
Quiddity describes properties that a particular substance (e.g. a person) shares with others of its kind. The question "what (quid) is it?" asks for a general description by way of commonality. This is quiddity or "whatness" (i.e., its "what it is"). Quiddity was often contrasted by the scholastic philosophers with the haecceity or "thisness" of an item, which was supposed to be a positive characteristic of an individual that caused it to be this individual, and no other. It is used in this sense in British poet George Herbert's poem, "Quiddity". Example: What is a "tree"? We can only see specific trees in the world around us - the category "tree" which includes all trees is a classification in our minds, not empirical, and not observable. The quiddity of a tree is the collection of characteristics which make it a tree. This is sometimes referred to as "treeness". This idea fell into disuse with the rise of empiricism, precisely because the essence of things, that which makes them what they are, does not correspond to any observables in the world around us. Nor can it be logically arrived at.

Other senses

 * In law, the term is used to refer to a quibble or academic point. An example can be seen in Hamlet's graveside speech found in Hamlet by William Shakespeare. "Where be his quiddities now, his quillets, his cases, his tenures" says Hamlet, referring to a lawyer's quiddities.
 * Quiddity is the name for the mystical dream sea in Clive Barker's novel The Great and Secret Show that exists as a higher plane of human existence. It is featured as more of a literal sea in the novel's sequel, Everville, and the related short story, "On Amen's Shore".

title: Quiddity


text: Category:Presidents of Nigeria

title: Category:Presidents of Nigeria


text: Category:404 deaths

title: Category:404 deaths


text:
User talk:G-RaZoR

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Orphaned non-free media (Image:X103.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:X103.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 05:24, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

NowCommons: Image:Cat5.jpg
Image:Cat5.jpg is now available on Wikimedia Commons as Commons:Image:Cat 5.jpg. This is a repository of free media that can be used on all Wikimedia wikis. The image will be deleted from Wikipedia, but this doesn't mean it can't be used anymore. You can embed an image uploaded to Commons like you would an image uploaded to Wikipedia, in this case:. Note that this is an automated message to inform you about the move. This bot did not copy the image itself. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 20:45, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of NOS (drink)
I have nominated NOS (drink), an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/NOS (drink). Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Orange Mike  |   Talk  02:49, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of File:Greenegg.gif

Hello. A tag has been placed on File:Greenegg.gif requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section F1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the image is an unused redundant copy (all pixels the same or scaled down) of an image in the same file format, which is on Wikipedia (not on Commons), and all inward links have been updated.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Kailash29792 (talk) 04:01, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:G-RaZoR