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Fan Li

Fan Li (fl. 5th-century BCE) from the Spring and Autumn period, was a Chinese businessman, military strategist, and politician. Fan Li was an important political and military advisor to Goujian, the king of Yue. He later was known as Tao Zhu Gong (陶朱公) a name he took after achieving a decisive victory for Yue over the state of Wu and retiring to live a secluded life with his wife Xi Shi, one of the most famous beauties in Chinese history.

Biography
Along with King Goujian of Yue, Fan Li was once a hostage of the state of Wu. After three years of captivity the two of them returned to Yue where Fan Li helped Goujian carry out a host of reforms to streamline the administration of the Yue state. In 473 BCE, Yue was finally able to destroy the state of Wu. After the victory, Fan resigned and renamed himself Tao Zhu Gong. After his departure, he was said to have written a letter to Wen Zhong from Qi, advising Wen Zhong to leave Goujian's service. Wen took notice of the advice in the letter and later was able to escape to Qi, living his remaining days there.

After retiring from his ministerial post he lived with Xi Shi, one of the renowned Four Beauties of ancient China, on a fishing boat, roaming the misty wilderness of Lake Tai in the style of the Taoist immortals of old. In his later years, he became a legend for his success in business, and was posthumously worshipped as a god of money, or the God of Wealth (Cai Shen).

Fan Li was an ancestor of Fan Zhongyan, a famous chancellor and historical figure from the Song dynasty.

Writings
Fàn Li's writings are lost, and only known through quotes in a compilation of works by Cai Mo (281–356). His theories on business were summarized by Ma Zong (馬摠) in the 8th-9th century, during the Tang dynasty.

His original works include:

 * Several treatises on business management and risks
 * The Yangyu Jing (養魚經 Book of Fish Breeding), an early text on fish farming.
 * The Bingfa (兵法 Art of War), on military strategy. Not to be confused with The Art of War by Sunzi.

title: Fan Li


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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Province of Pisa

The province of Pisa (provincia di Pisa) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Pisa. With an area of 2448 km2 and a total population of 421,642, it is the second most populous and fifth largest province of Tuscany. It is subdivided into 37 comuni (: comune).

With a history that dates to the Etruscans and Phoenicians, the province achieved considerable power and influence in the Mediterranean in the 12th and 13th centuries. Pisa, the provincial capital, is known for its Leaning Tower, and other historic landmarks that attract tourists.

History
The area has a long maritime history dating back to the Etruscans, the Phoenicians and the Gauls. Under the Roman Empire, it was responsible for naval battles against the Ligurians, Gauls and Carthaginians, becoming a Roman colony in 180 B.C. and gaining further colonial independence under Julius Caesar. Thanks to its complex river system, with the fall of the Roman Empire, Pisa did not suffer unduly and was able to combat Saracen pirates. In 828, it launched an expedition against the north African coast while in 871, Pisan troops helped to defend Salerno from the Moors.

In the 11th century, Pisa became a republic, reaching its zenith in the 12th and 13th centuries when its navy controlled the western Mediterranean. As a Maritime Republic, its power extended well beyond the Italian peninsula. After first being an ally then a rival of the Republic of Genoa, it suffered defeat at the Battle of Meloria in 1284. As a result, it began to decline and in 1406 was annexed to Florence, becoming part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in the 16th century. In the 20th century, Pisa was hit hard by allied bombing and Nazi reprisals.

The current province descends from the Grand Duchy, while its territories are part of the former Maritime Republic of Pisa. In 1925, the municipalities of Bibbona, Campiglia Marittima, Castagneto Carducci, Cecina, Collesalvetti, Piombino, Rosignano Marittimo, Sassetta, and Suvereto were transferred to the Province of Livorno, and at the same time the municipalities of Castelfranco di Sotto, Montopoli in Val d'Arno, San Miniato, Santa Croce sull'Arno, and Santa Maria a Monte were acquired by the province of Florence. In 1938, the comune of Castellina Marittima bought a small slice of the territory of the municipality of Cecina, part of the province of Livorno, which was attributed to an administrative error.

Geography
Pisa Province extends from the alluvial plain of the Arno River, in western Tuscany, to the Ligurian Sea and has the shape of a gun upside down. It is bordered to the north by the province of Lucca, to the east by the Metropolitan City of Florence and province of Siena, to the south by province of Grosseto, and to the west by the province of Livorno and the Ligurian Sea. The province contains 39 comuni (municipalities). The most populous cities in the province as of 2013 are Pisa (86,494), Cascina (44,040), San Giuliano Terme (31,039), Pontedera (28,793), San Miniato (27,580), Ponsacco (15,503).

The northern area is mountainous, containing the Apennine mountain range of Mount Pisano, adjacent to the extreme offshoot of the Apuan Alps, that separates the province of Pisa from Lucca. The highest point of Monte Pisano range and of the province is at Monte Serra (917 m). The Pisan coast, extends for about 15 km, and includes the following locations: Calambrone, Tirrenia and Marina di Pisa in the Municipality of Pisa, a stretch of coast about 1 km, protected as a park and administered by the City of San Giuliano Terme; Vecchiano Marina, in the municipality of Vecchiano, is also located in the park. The area of Pisa is flat, but, a few miles further south, in the southern part of the province, is classic Tuscan landscape consisting of hills, forests and ancient villages. Of particular note in the south is the Val di Cecina, the valley of the Cecina River, and the ancient city of Volterra to the west. The southern area of the province is hilly, containing the peak of Monte Aia dei Diavoli (867m).

Demography
Statistics recorded since 1861 show that the population of the province has increased gradually, from 240,000 is the 1860s to c. 390,000 in the 1990s. Since the new millennium, it has increased by some 30,000 to over 420,000 today.

As of 1 January 2014, the ten most populated municipalities were Pisa (88,627), Cascina (44,901), San Giuliano Terme (31,315), Pontedera (28,915), San Miniato (28,072), Ponsacco (15,609), Santa Croce sull'Arno (14,528), Castelfranco di Sotto (13,431), Santa Maria a Monte (13,197) and Casciana Terme Lari (12,536).

Economy
The province of Pisa has a wide variety of companies and organisations in the public and private sectors. One of the main areas of production is leather and footwear, where some 800 enterprises employing about 10,000 workers manufacture 35% of the Italy's total output in the sector. Since 2003, clothing has also been under development. There are also a number of enterprises in the chemical sector, while pharmaceuticals are also a strong sector. Catalysed by the CNR national research authority, facilities have been developed in Cascina, Pontedera, Santa Croce and Peccioli. There are also a number of software development firms and IT consultancies. While in recent years the economic crisis has reduced activities in most areas, agriculture had continued to grow, thanks to traditional crops, wine production and diversification in the fruit and vegetables sector. Other sectors that have recently prospered include technology (+3.4%) and glass (+4.5%) while there have been drops in footwear (-3.1%), metals (-2%), electronics and transport equipment (-9.7%), construction (-7.8%) and manufacturing (-8.2%).

Tourism is also an important contributor to the local economy but in 2013 it suffered from a reduction of 10.7% in the number of visitors to the province, with a reduction of 3.5% in nights spent in hotels.

Comuni

The province is subdivided into 37 comuni (: comune). This is the complete list of comuni in the province of Pisa:

 * Bientina
 * Buti
 * Calci
 * Calcinaia
 * Capannoli
 * Casale Marittimo
 * Casciana Terme Lari
 * Cascina
 * Castelfranco di Sotto
 * Castellina Marittima
 * Castelnuovo di Val di Cecina
 * Chianni
 * Crespina Lorenzana
 * Fauglia
 * Guardistallo
 * Lajatico
 * Montecatini Val di Cecina
 * Montescudaio
 * Monteverdi Marittimo
 * Montopoli in Val d'Arno
 * Orciano Pisano
 * Palaia
 * Peccioli
 * Pisa
 * Pomarance
 * Ponsacco
 * Pontedera
 * Riparbella
 * San Giuliano Terme
 * San Miniato
 * Santa Croce sull'Arno
 * Santa Luce
 * Santa Maria a Monte
 * Terricciola
 * Vecchiano
 * Vicopisano
 * Volterra

Main sights
In addition to the many sights in the city of Pisa (the Leaning Tower, the cathedral and the Carovana Palace), the province has many attractions in its other towns and villages. The historic city of Volterra is noted for its cathedral, its Etruscan and Roman remains and its museums, churches and palaces.

Set on the top of three hills, the medieval city of San Miniato has a cathedral, a fortress tower, two palaces and numerous old churches.

The province has many villages of interest, including Vicopisano with its fortress and towers, Calci with its Charterhouse (now a museum), and Buti with its castle and Medici villa.

Other points of interest include the Villa di Corliano in San Giuliano Terme, the gated medieval village of Castelfranco di Sotto, the towers of Montopoli in Val d'Arno, the bell-tower of Peccioli, and the Rocca Sillana fortress in Pomarance.

title: Province of Pisa


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Talk:Corpse paint

discussion moved from talk:Corpse paint in heavy metal
I've moved this from corpse paint because that term is not restricted to heavy metal. Corpse paint may be used in religious ceremonies, for instance, or in other art forms. JoaoRicardo 15:30, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * eh, what a pointless venture. you've just redirected the corpse paint article to this one. if you know enough about these so-called artistic or religious uses of the practice called "corpse paint" (not practices that resemble corpse paint, but which are called something else), write a separate article about it. if not, i'm reverting this meaningless change in a couple of days. supine 16:05, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Every move (renaming) creates a redirect from the old to the new name automatically. Please see How to rename (move) a page. I was going to list it in Redirects for deletion and wait for someone knowledgeable to write it in the future. If I understand correctly, you are saying that this term is only used within the heavy metal community. I googled for it and, indeed, most if not all occurrences seem to be related to heavy metal or similar musical genres. When I made the move, I was paying attention to the significance of the term corpse paint itself, which can be applied to whichever painting some does in his/her own corpse. Maybe it was a mistake not to check how this term is actually used. As it currently stands, I believe you are right. So if you want to move it back, I won't start a move war with you. But please let me point out to you that I consider it as a violation of Wikiquette your labeling an other editor's change "meaningless" or "pointless". Criticism is good, insulting is not. Thanks for the remark.JoaoRicardo 02:04, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Joao, I appreciate your intentions, but I have never heard of any use of the term "corpse paint" outside of heavy metal. I accept that similar practices occur in other contexts, but the phrase "corpse paint" is not used, unless I am mistaken (if you can provide references to contradict me, you are welcome to do so). If someone wants to write about the use of similar makeup for ritual purposes or whatever, they should create a separate article. See Vesica piscis and Ichthys for an example of similar topics that have different meanings due to context. -leigh (φθόγγος)

 * Perhaps that isn't the name, but the mask is used in certain ceremonies where imitating dead. I don't have references, but see Bielebog and passage of the living to Valhalla.— Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.216.199.10 (talk) 10:57, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

 * There is no reference as far as I know to the term "corpse paint" in other contexts than metal. If you read the seminal work "Lords of Chaos" though there are ample references to Germanic legends and lore (both from Austria and Norway) when dealing with corpsepaint. The term might be new, but the similarities are striking. The "glam rock" makeup is on the other hand a completely different thing. It has never been called corpse paint and should not be mensioned at all, in my opinion, in this article — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.55.81.69 (talk) 22:58, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

 * For the record, the article was moved at https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_metal&diff=9894846&oldid=9888608 and the redirected article https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corpse_paint_in_heavy_metal&redirect=no

 * Arthur Brown and Alice Cooper, who used corpse paint, were not just heavy metal musicians. This supports moving the article like it was in 2005. Face painting that resembles corpse paint has been used by circus clowns as well. Corpse paint is notable enough to have an article like it does.

 * "On Wikipedia, notability is a test used by editors to decide whether a given topic warrants its own article." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability Bevidsthed (talk) 23:39, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

Alice Cooper
Does Alice Cooper even count? All he's wearing is eyeliner. Last I checked, eyeliner was not corpse paint. Dysfunktion 23:32, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Same with Dave Vanian. If you're going to include him; you might as well add Siouxsie Sioux, Adam Ant, and Jordan (Ants Girlfriend and Vivienne Westwood model) since they had a more original style. Alot better than just painting black circles around their eyes anyway.

Justin

King Diamond
No mention of Merciful Fate and King Diamond?

The makeup of KISS was taken from Japanese kabuki theater paint/masks and not 'corpse paint' whatever that is. Though I suspect many of the later artists were copying KISS more than they were trying to look like zombies. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.210.189.180 (talk) 14:35, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

Hellhammer and Celtic Frost
Aren't they the same band? *rolls eyes*

Immortal
Isn't it a bit wrong to use Immortal as the main example of corpse paint when they claim it is infact war-paint that they wear, not corpse-paint?

---

Explain the difference. 83.254.42.117 (talk) 09:47, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

Usual corpsepaint making methods
How is corpse paint made? I mean it's interesting to know what is used as white and black paint? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fenrisulfrsen (talk • contribs) 15:29, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

 * That is sort of like asking how bodypaint is made. There are different ways to make it. See for example https://www.kscopeart.com/face-painting-ingredients-and-safety/ or https://www.personalcreations.com/blog/homemade-face-paint Bevidsthed (talk) 00:05, 3 January 2024 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Gorgorothvid.jpg
Image:Gorgorothvid.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 23:40, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

Kiss
I added Gene Simmons since there were two from Gorgoroth, article is about Corpse Paint not death/black metal or even rock per se. Its fair to say Kiss have used Corpse paint far longer than most of the one's depicted Bluecapsulesex (talk) 19:22, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

 * It would be great if you first read the rules before adding pictures. Is plagiarism of text allowed in Wikipedia? No. Is plagiarism with images allowed? No. You can not simply grab an image from the internet and claim it your own work, but it must be entirely your own work that you can publish it under a free license and thats requried for images in the free encyclopedia... Please pay attention to copyrights and dont make false author statements. The reason why we have no image of Kiss in the gallery is possibly that 1) Wikipedia is not a picture book 2) we dont have a free image. --Martin H. (talk) 19:30, 31 January 2011 (UTC)
 * get an English coach, you seem like a retard :))) — Preceding unsigned comment added by TampaGMKid (talk • contribs) 23:15, 31 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I appreciate any corrections to my posting. --Martin H. (talk) 00:13, 1 February 2011 (UTC

KISS wear face paint. Corpse paint is associated with black metal. It is not fair to say any such thing. 77.101.47.254 (talk) 15:16, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

ICP???
Isn't ICP more an example, and openly admitted so, of clown makeup? I fail to see how clown makeup classifies as corpse paint. 72.251.19.2 (talk) 12:35, 11 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Good observation. It doesn't. I cleaned that section up a little but I'm not convinced it should exist. 77.101.47.254 (talk) 15:14, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

Gallery
Is it nescessary to have 20 pictures demonstrating corpse paint? 212.250.138.33 (talk) 02:00, 31 October 2012 (UTC)

What's the point of the "Styles outside metal" section?
Corpse paint is strictly associated with black metal. A crossover band might wear it to acknowledge BM influence, but devoid of cultural context it's just face-paint.

Unless someone can argue convincingly for this section I will delete it. 77.101.47.254 (talk) 12:46, 16 May 2013 (UTC)

Still waiting. 77.101.47.254 (talk) 15:13, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I would delete it, unless a direct connection to black metal can be proved. Other uses are just other uses of facepaint.-- ¿3fam  ily6  contribs 15:47, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

Venom????
As far as I know Venom never used corpse paint.

Corpse Paint Origin
The origins of the corpse paint is not just for them to appear inhumane. It started way back since pagan priests used to corpse paint their faces during a sacrificial ritual. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.103.8.98 (talk) 20:50, 28 May 2020 (UTC)

Image
I think that the top picture in the article could be improved. It's not a super distinct image, especially since a lot of the actual corpse paint is covered by the spikes — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1700:8A89:390:ADC6:902A:E963:3599 (talk) 21:24, 2 January 2022 (UTC)

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Province of Pistoia

The province of Pistoia (provincia di Pistoia) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Pistoia and the province is landlocked. It has an area of 964.12 km2 and a total population of 291,788 inhabitants (as of 2015). There are 22 comuni (: comune) in the province.

The province was formed in 1927 under the rule of Mussolini, and had the lowest income per capita in Tuscany in 1966 due to high poverty levels. This is because the province was mainly agricultural before World War II ended, and has since had to rapidly progress towards industrial capitalism and abandon its agricultural roots. The population of the province has recently been increasing, moving from 268,437 in 2011 to around 292,000 in 2015.

The Mountains of Pistoia and the resorts Abetone and Val di Luce are tourist destinations for skiers, and the province contains a combination of flat land such as the area of the valley of the Ombrone and the river flowing through it, and mountainous land. The city of Pistoia is roughly 40 km away from both Lucca and Florence. The land around the cities of Pistoia and Pescia are popular locations for flower and plant cultivation for global exports, and town and commune Quarrata is known for its wood furniture.

title: Province of Pistoia


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Keith Johnstone

Donald Keith Johnstone (21 February 1933 – 11 March 2023) was a British-Canadian educator and theatre director. A pioneer of improvisational theatre, he was best known for inventing the Impro System, part of which are the Theatresports. He was also an educator, playwright, actor and theatre director.

Life
Donald Keith Johnstone was born in 1933 in Brixham, Devon, England. He grew up hating school, finding that it blunted his imagination and made him feel self-conscious and shy. After attending St Luke's College Exeter, he taught at a working-class school in Battersea, London in the early 1950s, before being commissioned to write a play by the Royal Court Theatre in 1956. He subsequently became a play-reader, director and drama teacher there, where he chose to reverse all that his teachers had told him in an attempt to create more spontaneous actors. In 1972, Johnstone moved to Calgary, Alberta to teach at the University of Calgary, where he remained until retiring in 1995.

Johnstone is featured in the book Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking by Malcolm Gladwell.

Johnstone was married to Ingrid von Darl until their divorce in 1981. They had one son, Benjamin Johnstone who had one son, Cort Dawnne, and Johnstone had a second son from another relationship. He died at Rockyview General Hospital in Calgary on 11 March 2023, at the age of 90.

Work
Johnstone developed his training system at the Loose Moose Theatre, which he co-founded in 1977. He retired as artistic director in 1998, but remained involved with the company and continued to work as an educator until 2018, amid a decline in his health.

Johnstone's work with performers comprised a vast collection of training games, exercises and lazzi. He wrote two books about his system; 1979's Impro: Improvisation and the Theatre, and 1998's Impro For Storytellers.

Johnstone's teaching was described as a reversal of the lessons he received as a child in postwar Britain. Writing in The Guardian in 2009, Mark Ravenhill said about him, "Whereas his teachers told him to think more, he'll tell his students to think less. He was advised to plan a story before it was written. Now he says: listen to an audience and let the tale tell itself".

Johnstone was known for slogans that encapsulated his philosophy of improvisation, and included:
 * "You can't learn anything without failing"
 * "Please don't do your best. Trying to do your best is trying to be better than you are"
 * "Go onto stage to make relationships. At least you won't be alone."
 * "It's not the offer, but what you do with it."
 * "Allow yourself to see the audience as interesting and attractive."

Selected publications

 * 1979 Impro: Improvisation and the Theatre, ISBN 9780878301171
 * 1998 Impro For Storytellers, ISBN 0571190995

title: Keith Johnstone


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Càrn Mòr Dearg

is the ninth-highest mountain in Scotland and the British Isles, with a height of 1220 m. It stands a short distance northeast of Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Britain, to which it is linked by the 'Càrn Mòr Dearg arête'. Along with Càrn Dearg Meadhanach ('middle red peak') and Càrn Beag Dearg ('little red peak'), it makes up the eastern ridge of the horseshoe-shaped Ben Nevis massif in the Scottish Highlands.

Climbing
The ascent of Càrn Mòr Dearg from the north (start from the North Face Car Park), the traverse of the arête, and the scramble up the north side of Ben Nevis make one of the best horse-shoe routes in Scotland.

Snow sports
Càrn Mòr Dearg is attractive to ski mountaineers and off piste skiers and boarders. In good conditions the summit can be reached from the nearby Nevis Range Ski areas in two hours or less. With enough snow, the descent from the summit to the CIC Hut gives a long, pleasant grade 1 descent. The eastern flank of the mountain has three fine bowls which give descents graded between 2 and 5 in K. Biggin's guide.

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Talk:Rugby union in Wales

I've changed the name. I'm not interested in either form of rugby, but I'm working on the menu system for British sport and it should be consistent. The category should really be changed too - a lot of Welsh people may wish that rugby league didn't exist, but Wikipedia should reflect the world as it is, not as we would like it to be. Philip 15:33, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC) There are two articles with very similar titles and overlapping subject areas Welsh rugby union seems to have simply been called Welsh rugby to start with, there is possibly scope to have a History of Welsh rugby union article but details of leagues, clubs etc surely belong in the Welsh Rugby Union article as the WRU are the governing body for rugby union in Wales and are responsible for running these leagues, clubs etc.GordyB 11:10, 12 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. There are many aspects of Welsh rugby that could not be properly covered in an article on the WRU, such as the history of rugby in Wales, its social impact on Welsh people, its political implications, and so on. If anything, the WRU article should be deleted first as much narrower in scope. Rls 01:27, 2005 Mar 13 (UTC)

You make some good points but you can't delete the WRU article as it is the governing body and other union governing bodies e.g. RFU, IRB have their own articles. What I think needs to happen is for those who want to keep this article to think of a new title and add the proposed scope to the discussion page.GordyB 10:12, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Why does it need a new title? I suppose Welsh rugby union and Welsh Rugby Union is a little confusing. How about Rugby union in Wales? I would transfer it but that would lose the vfd tag. Rls 13:21, 2005 Mar 14 (UTC)

I was thinking of suggesting Rugby union in Wales myself, though the scope of the article needs to be defined. Social aspects clearly belong on this page as probably does discussion of the history of the game in Wales or cwpan (dodgy spelling) but details of pro leagues should (IMO) stay with the WRU article.
 * If nobody else has an opinion I'm going to a) remove vfd tag b) move article to Rugby union in Wales c) add this to the discussion section d) do some surgery on the article to remove stuff that unnecessarily duplicates WRU article. I'll wait a couple of days but I don't see the point in waiting much longer as I'm not actually deleting the page.GordyB 12:39, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * I personally think that league details are more appropriate to Rugby union in Wales since the WRU merely organises them on behalf of the clubs involved, but I don't feel strongly about it. Modify it as you see fit. I don't of course have any objection to removing the VfD tag. Rls 17:21, 2005 Mar 15 (UTC)
 * Okay. I'll try to keep the WRU article specific to the WRU's role in these things and make the 'new' article rather broader.GordyB 23:03, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Interesting to see Tommy David elevated to the pantheon of 70s Welsh Rugby gods. I wonder what the likes of Gerald Davies, Merve the Swerve, Graham Price and John Dawes would make of it.68.71.35.93 07:03, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

If you don't agree with an article, use the edit feature.GordyB 12:42, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

New Zealanders born and play rugby for wales at interNational
New zealanders that have played for wales at interNational leval please can you help me i was tolled that there have been 7 new zealanders play for wales but i can only think of 5= hemi taylor shane howarth bret sinkinson dale Mcintosh sonny parker

if you no can you let me no thanks dean

This page is a mess
I'm amazed this page has continued without being deleted. References are nowhere, apart from a tragic story about a man who should appear on a page about mental illness rather than one of the national pride of Wales. There is far too much opinion, weasel words, flowery prowse and incorrect statements. Is there anyone with reference books and articles regarding the popularity and adopotion of Rugby Union as the countries national sport?--FruitMonkey 11:23, 16 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The History side is a good start, but we need clarification regarding the statement that Wales played in black before 1880, as the first international game played by Wales was in 1881 against England. More info is also needed on how Rugby came to Wales, and the importance of the college teams like Llandovery and Lampeter. Also there needs to be info on the 1881-1970 years, maybe the religous revival and the growth of the lesser valley clubs. The popularity section is just pointless, we need referenced pieces, such as why in Wales Football was Rugby and Soccer was Football. The importance of the six nations to the country's psyche and maybe less about testicle removal as it makes the Welsh sound like cavemen. Thoughts--FruitMonkey 19:22, 16 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree the reference to a man on medication castrating himself has no place on the article about rugby--Rhyswynne 17:00, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Updates
OK, over the next week I'll try to get through the history section of this page and then try to clean up or at least find proof for the citations that have sat on this page for far too long. Any ideas on where this page should head would be greatfully appreciated. I'm really trying to avoid making this page too National team or WRU centric as they have their own pages, so am attempting to give a flavour of what was happening to the clubs at grass root level and the economic and social impacts on and off the sport. So far the one bugbear I have in this work is that the page is very Southern, with very little information from West and North Wales. I completely realise that and if I don't address it on my first sweep will try to correct it on my redrafting. Any opinions or better updates highly appreciated.FruitMonkey (talk) 10:51, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
 * You are doing a great job mate keep it up -- Snowded   TALK  11:07, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The page is beginning to look very good, the points you make are excellent ones.GordyB (talk) 13:41, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the words of support, much appreciated and helps me keep focused rather than wandering off and updating other pages. I was thinking it would be nice to have a picture of a Welsh rugby legend within each of the different periods. But the inter-war period is a difficult one to choose from. I want a player who played the bulk, or all of his rugby between 1920-1939, so I was thinking of a Wilfred Wooller or Claude Davey. This period was a fair bit before my time, so I would love to hear people's opinion. Thanks againFruitMonkey (talk) 17:40, 2 August 2008 (UTC)

Popularity
Re: Choral traditions. You're completely right, I should have moved rather than delete, I just couldn't figure how to connect this fact to the heading popularity. Singing does not show a sport is popular, it's more of a tradition. Maybe the heading should be changed slightly, or a sub heading. FruitMonkey (talk) 05:54, 5 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I was there when we sang hymns for an hour after both of the Grand Slams in recent years!  I think this belongs in some of the unique culture of Welsh Rugby.  The fact that it is a working class sport, and that working class South Wales was dominated by the Chapel is important and unique.   I means that conflict with the English is Race, religion and class which may explain some things!   Maybe a section on culture?  Its worth a back reference to WWI where the Chapels were pacifist at the start, but then agreed to enter the war and the welsh troups went into the trenches singing hymns.  -- Snowded   TALK  06:14, 5 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Good Lord!! You seem to have a far better understanding that myself. I'll still get the old reference books out, but you are right, the singing is part of the culture of Wales and in turn rugby, and other countries realise that too. It should be noted.FruitMonkey (talk) 07:11, 5 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Its a religious matter, my mother tore the bootlace from the Welsh fly half in the 40's and it remains a family heirloom. I can probably track down the WWI stuff when I get home -- Snowded   TALK  07:19, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

I removed the following: "The number of teams playing in Wales at the end of the 20th century in no way reflected the popularity of the sport in the late 19th century, with many informal or 'scratch' teams populating most towns. Llanelli, as an example, in the 1880s was home not only to Llanelli RFC, but also to Gower Road, Seasiders, Morfa Rangers, Prospect Place Rovers, Wern Foundry, Cooper Mills Rangers, New Dock Strollers, Vauxhall Juniors, Moonlight Rovers and Gilbert Street Rovers.[6] These teams would come and go, but some would merge into more settled clubs which exist today, Cardiff RFC was itself formed from three teams, Glamorgan, Tredegarville and Wanderers Football Clubs." as it is complete nonsense. There are more teams and players now than in the 19th century, yes there are fewer clubs but instead of being 15 blokes who played once a year they are proper clubs running often 2 or 3 full teams in each village even without regarding junior teams. To infer that there are less now is pure nostalgic rubbish. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 145.8.104.65 (talk) 15:16, 5 December 2008 (UTC)
 * You removed a few things, better to make the case and get citation support. The comments you removed all have references -- Snowded   TALK  15:39, 5 December 2008 (UTC)
 * A very agressive edit, without common consent; but the editor has a very good point. These are my words s/he challanges, and the word popularity is very flakey. Though the amount of people playing does not equal popularity, maybe watching does; and lets face it, no one really turns out for junior rugby. I think the term widespread should be used instead, but there needs to be more citation. The thing to point out is that most of the clubs that exist now, existed then, but hundreds have vanished. Llwynypia RFC is a major case in point. FruitMonkey (talk) 00:07, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

William Absalom of Abercarn RFC?
The Rugby union in Wales article mentions a William Absalom of Abercarn RFC being lost to the league game Is there any details about this player? Best Regards. DynamoDegsy (talk) 11:32, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

Number of Players References
The reference for number of registered players is now defunct (404 error). Similarly, in the 'rugby players by country' article wherein there are two citations, one of which is the same as used here, they are both defunct. Could anyone provide a reliable source? — Preceding unsigned comment added by YorkshireNation (talk • contribs) 15:37, 24 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rugby union in Wales


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Category:Occupational cryptolects

This category is for cryptolects, cants and private vocabularies used in various professions and occupations to hide the subject of discussion from uninitiated listeners. These are not the same as technical terminologies, but rather deliberately obfuscatory ways of describing non-technical matters (often customers, clients or the equivalent).

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Paraburdoo, Western Australia

Paraburdoo is a mining town in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The region is served by Paraburdoo Airport, which is situated 9 km from the town.

Etymology
The name of the town comes from an Aboriginal word said to mean "feathered meat", which could refer to abundant Little corella or flock pigeons. It could also mean Rock Cave (para means rock and buradoo means hole or cave) to refer to caves nearby.

Economy
Paraburdoo was developed in the early 1970s to support Hamersley Iron's (now Pilbara Iron) local iron ore mining operations, and was gazetted as a town in 1972.

The town provides housing to workers of the three nearby Rio Tinto mines, those being the Channar, Eastern Range and Paraburdoo mine.

Geography
Paraburdoo is located 1528 km north of Perth, 24 km north of the Tropic of Capricorn, nearly 300 km from the coast, and 424 m above sea level.

Facilities
Most of the town's residents are employed by Pilbara Iron's mining operation and the supporting services. Facilities available for families include daycare, a primary school, and a TAFE. The nearest high school is Tom Price Senior High School in Tom Price, 81 km away. There are also skate parks, swimming pools, tennis courts, and netball, cricket and football fields. Paraburdoo has its own shopping facilities and medical centres.

Climate
Paraburdoo has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). In summer, the days are very hot and the nights are warm. The mean annual maximum temperature is 46.0 C, and the all-time record high is 48.1 C, on 21 January 2024. There is an average of 72.2 days per year where the temperature rises above 40.0 C. In winter, the days are warm and the nights are cool. Precipitation is highly variable, coming from storms and tropical cyclones. It falls most often between December and March. Some years, summer months can see no rainfall, and other years over 200 mm of rainfall can come in a single month. Rainfall is sparse from July to November. The annual average rainfall is 317.8 mm which would make it a semi-arid climate except that its high evapotranspiration, or its aridity, makes it a desert climate.

title: Paraburdoo, Western Australia


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Cumberland Farms

Cumberland Farms, colloquially known as Cumby's, is a regional chain of convenience stores based in Westborough, Massachusetts, operating primarily in New England, New York and Florida. Cumberland Farms operates 566 retail stores, gas stations, and a support system including petroleum and grocery distribution operations in 8 states: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, and Florida.

History
In 1939, Vasilios and Aphrodite Haseotes purchased a single-cow farm in Cumberland, Rhode Island, which eventually grew into one of the largest dairy farms in Southern New England. Cumberland Farms opened a dairy store in Bellingham, Massachusetts, in 1958 and the first convenience store in New England in 1962.

In the late 1960s Cumberland Farms had a successful ad campaign that helped expand their franchise, in part due to catchy jingles written by Brad Delp, who later co-founded the rock band Boston with Tom Scholz.

On May 2, 1992, Cumberland Farms filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Cumberland Farms became a two-thirds limited partner in the Gulf Oil company in 1993, having obtained the right to sell gasoline under the Gulf name throughout the United States in 1986. In 2016, Cumberland Farms sold its entire holding in Gulf Oil.

In September 2010, Cumberland Farms sold 61 locations, then in June 2011 closed an additional 29 stores. According to management, these sales and closures were to redeploy capital to their remaining stores and new builds.

In July 2018, Cumberland Farms closed several Florida locations to focus their attention on the state's East Coast.

In the past, Cumberland Farms television ads have featured actor David Hasselhoff. In spring 2019, Cumberland Farms TV ads began using retired pro wrestling star, "The Nature Boy", Ric Flair.

In April 2019, Cumberland Farms was reported to have retained Bank of America to explore a possible sale of the entire chain.

On July 31, 2019, U.K.-based EG Group announced having entered a binding agreement to purchase Cumberland Farms from the founding Haseotes family.

Corporate image
Its original colors were navy blue and orange, but in 2009, they rebranded with a new logo and colors (navy blue and green). The new logo change marked the beginning of the transformation of Cumberland Farms stores from older, legacy stores to new AIM stores that now include numerous new fresh food items such as pizza, chicken sandwiches, subs, and a roller grill. Cumberland Farms offers a large assortment of food service items, candy, snacks, and chilled drinks, which it calls "The Chill Zone", along with Cumberland Farms branded chips, pastries, candy, and coffee.

title: Cumberland Farms


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Province of Prato

The province of Prato (provincia di Prato) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Prato. It was formed from part of the province of Florence in 1992.

The province has an area of 365 km2 and a total population of about 250,000. There are seven municipalities (comuni) in the province.

Notable residents

 * Paolo Rossi, footballer
 * Birthplace and current residence of Olympic gymnast Jury Chechi
 * Roberto Benigni, actor and comedian
 * Fiorenzo Magni, cyclist

title: Province of Prato


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Nin, Croatia

Nin (Nona, Aenona or Nona) is a town in the Zadar County of Croatia.

Nin was historically important as a centre of a medieval Christian Diocese of Nin. Nin was also the seat of the Princes of Dalmatia.

Geography
Nin's historical center is located on an islet only 500 meters (yards) in diameter. Nin is situated in a lagoon on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea, surrounded by natural sandy beaches and linked with the mainland by two stone bridges from the 16th century.

History
According to historians the area of Nin appears to have been settled 10,000 years ago. The present-day town on the islet developed 3,000 years ago and is one of the older towns on the eastern Adriatic. The area of Nin was first colonized by immemorial people of the Mediterranean.

Since the 9th century B.C. the civilization of the Illyrian tribe of Liburnians was present before the Romans came, who had a strong sea and trade center called Aenona (this morphed in the Middle Ages into Nona). The rich archeological finds prove strong sea links with Greece and the Hellenistic world: recent explorations revealed a rarity, a very well preserved Byzantine mosaic on the floor of a Roman villa.

The Croats arrived in Nin in the 8th century. The first Croatian state community was formed in the 9th century. Nin was the first Croatian royal town, with its period of glory being from the 7th to the 13th centuries. In the 9th century Nin became the seat of the first Croatian bishop. Bishops from Nin played a great role in the country's religious, a cultural and a political sense. Significant rulers connected with the history of Nin include Prince Višeslav, Prince Branimir, King Tomislav, King Petar Krešimir IV, King Zvonimir. Up to the abolition and Latinization imposed by King Tomislav in the first half of the 10th century, Nin was the centre of the autonomous Croatian branch of the Church. The Bishop Gregory of Nin (Grgur Ninski) was an important figure in the 10th century ecclesiastical politics of Dalmatia.

At the time of the Turkish wars, Nin found itself on the battle-field. After the selling of Dalmatia to Venice (1409), the city came under the control of the Republic of Venice. The town was economically exploited but not protected militarily. Subsequently, the town was destroyed twice.

The first destruction was in 1571 and the second in 1646. On both occasions, the Venice government gave an order to burn the town and destroy it systematically before abandoning it, so that the Ottomans could not use it as a stronghold. After the 1646 destruction, Nin was never restored to its former condition, and lost its original importance.

The economic development of Nin began after World War II. Since 1969, Nin has been developing as a tourist destination. Nin today is a historical and tourist town which looks for its development in the valorization of its historical heritage. In recent years, many monuments have been restored. Because of the importance of Nin in the history of Croatia, tourists visit from Croatia and elsewhere in Europe. They come especially to visit two symbols of the old town: the church of Holy Cross from the 9th century, called “the smallest cathedral in the world”, and the coronation church.

After 1980 near Nin a high power medium wave broadcasting station was built.

Population
In the 2011 census, there were a total of 2,744 inhabitants in the area of the City of Nin, in the following settlements:
 * Grbe, population 190
 * Nin, population 1,132
 * Ninski Stanovi, population 358
 * Poljica-Brig, population 276
 * Zaton, population 580
 * Žerava, population 208

Minority councils and representatives
Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Serbs of Croatia fulfilled legal requirements to elect 15 members minority councils of the Town of Nin but the elections were not organized due to the absence of candidatures.

title: Nin, Croatia


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Category:Austrian School economists

This category is for economists who are part of the Austrian School. For economists actually from Austria see Category:Austrian economists.

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El Museo del Barrio

El Museo del Barrio, often known simply as El Museo (the museum), is a museum at 1230 Fifth Avenue in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It is located near the northern end of Fifth Avenue's Museum Mile, immediately north of the Museum of the City of New York. Founded in 1969, El Museo specializes in Latin American and Caribbean art, with an emphasis on works from Puerto Rico and the Puerto Rican community in New York City. It is the oldest museum of the country dedicated to Latino art.

Collection
The museum features an extensive permanent collection of over 6,500 pieces, and it encompasses more than 800 years of Puerto Rican, Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino art, includes pre-Columbian Taíno artifacts, traditional arts (such as Puerto Rican Santos de palo and Vejigante masks), twentieth-century drawings, paintings, sculptures and installations, as well as prints, photography, documentary films, and video. There are often temporary exhibits on Puerto Rican and Latino modern art. The museum also sponsors numerous festivals and educational programs throughout the year including the annual Three Kings Day parade. Due to a lack of space prior to their 2009-2010 expansion, the museum began to place some of their permanent collection online. This also served as a means of audience development.

Seeking to increase their audience and reach new audiences, El Museo has partnered with a number of organizations for joint exhibits including Nueva York (New York Historical Society) and Caribbean Crossroads (Queens Museum of Art and the Studio Museum in Harlem). Also, the museum is currently working on building its permanent collection by developing their holdings on Post-War art, adding more Modernist and Contemporary works, and fostering the strengths of graphics and Taíno holdings.

History
Originally, the museum was a fire station during the Nuyorican Movement and Civil Rights Movement, where books were burned by radical political figures. Spurred by concerns over a lack of cultural diversity in city educational programs and educational opportunities in the barrio, a group of African-American and Puerto Rican parents, educators and community activists in Central and East Harlem, also known as El Barrio, demanded for their kids to receive education that acknowledged and addressed their diverse and cultural heritages. In response to these demands, William W. Frey, the superintendent of school district 4, appointed artist/educator Rafael Montañez Ortíz to create materials for schools in East and Central Harlem that would highlight Puerto Rican art, history, folklore and culture. However, Ortíz quickly redeveloped this project as the creation of a community museum that would be dedicated to Puerto Rican art and culture, and named it El Museo del Barrio.

In its founding documents, Ortíz stated that "The cultural disenfranchisement I experience as a Puerto Rican has prompted me to seek a practical alternative to the orthodox museum, which fails to meet my needs for an authentic ethnic experience. To afford me and others the opportunity to establish living connections with our own culture, I founded El Museo del Barrio." He served as director of the institution from June 1969 to Spring 1971. The museum also sought to define itself as an educational institution and its original location was a public school classroom. Puerto Ricans continue to make up the majority of New York City's Latino population, which is growing. As a result of the museum's expansion, some artists, academics, and community activists who want to keep the museum true to its original purpose have grown frustrated.

In 1977, El Museo joined the Cultural Institutions Group (also known as CIGs) which helped increase and maintain its funding. Its funding was frozen in the 1980s following a period of mismanagement. However it was able to successfully rebound and grow. A Frida Kahlo exhibit in 2002 brought more attendees than normally visited the museum annually and helped to transform its perception and led to the museum's first non-Puerto Rican Director.

In 2009, El Museo celebrated its fortieth anniversary with public events, and the completion of an extensive renovation, which included an exhibition space for its permanent collection, a cafe, and a redesigned 4,500-square-foot courtyard.

El Museo has grown from an alternative space to an established museum in East Harlem and has broadened its focus from exclusively Puerto Rican art, to encompass Latino, Caribbean, and Latin American art and culture.

Location
From El Museo's origins in a public school classroom, it has called a number of different locations home. Between 1969 and 1976, it operated out of a number of different storefronts on Third and Lexington Avenues in the nexus of the community they served. In 1977, they moved to their permanent home, the neo-classical Heckscher Building (this is the building that was the Heckscher Foundation for Children and not the Heckscher Building n/k/a the Crown Building) on Fifth Avenue and became a founding member of Museum Mile when it launched in 1978. This location contributed to the museum's growth and audience development, increasing the market share of non Latino visitors to 40% of their audience.

Musica de Camara, located nearby is a non-profit for promoting Latin classical musicians and was launched at the museum by Eva de la O., in 1979.

Expansion
In the early 2000s the museum experienced a significant increase in visitors, however remained confined to one floor in its building, which it shares with a school and a number of private organizations. A plan was proposed for the Museum of the City of New York, across the street from El Museo, to relocate to the historic Tweed Courthouse by City Hall in Lower Manhattan. El Museo would then have moved into the other museum's former building, dramatically expanding its available exhibition space. However, Mayor Michael Bloomberg decided to site the new New York City Department of Education in the Tweed Courthouse instead.

After the failed relocation, El Museo opted to pursue a $15 million project to transform its outdoor courtyard into an open glass lobby, café and performance space, and to provide a suitable public "face" to the street on the model of the renovated Brooklyn Museum. It reopened in October 2009 to mostly positive reviews. The renovation was spearheaded by local architect Gruzen Samton and completed at a cost of $35 million and added a shop and restaurant.

From 2018 to 2019, the Teatro, theater was restored. Its fairytale paintings were redone, the seats exchanged, and the stage modernized. Two forgotten artistic chandeliers were hung from the ceiling again and the refurbishments and re-opening were celebrated with a concert by legend and El Barrio native Eddie Palmieri, on February 20, 2021.

Management
On February 15, 2013, it was announced that Margarita Aguilar left her post as the director. Jorge Daniel Veneciano, the following director stepped down from the position in August 2016. In 2017, Patrick Charpenel became the museum's executive director. He has worked extensively in Mexico as well as internationally.

title: El Museo del Barrio


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User:Thesaxmancan

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Gamaliel 15:51, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

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User:Morzas

Just another dude.

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Talk:Letter from Birmingham Jail

Letter not PD
I removed the letter itself from the article, as King apparently didn't release it into the public domain. dbenbenn | talk 18:36, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Should this link be included, I added it but it was taken out. It's the letter sent from the clergy which I think helps the reader understand the article. 12.220.47.145 23:19, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * "statment from clergy"

I agree. Just remember to capitalize it and spell statement correctly.

Considering the frequent references to Saint Augustine within the text, I'll add him as a reference used by MLK.

The only quotation King uses from Augustine is "An unjust law is no law at all", however, Augustine's philosophy of creating a "City of God" on earth is frequently referenced throughout King's letter.

I'm interested in what knowledge user 'Dbenbenn' has about King not releasing the Letter into public domain. The fact that it was published in multiple journals shows some trend toward the thought of it being public domain, as (to me at least) the use of the term "open". I have a copy in front of me of the June, 1963 edition of "Liberation" magazine which was arguably the first to hit the newsstands. There is no claim of copyright in the issue for the Letter or any other content for that matter. This was a publication that King had written for several times before and he should/could have noticed that they never claimed any copyright in the issues. I'd like to hear a wider variety of opinions on the status of the Letter, rather than just one individual not noticing if King regarded this as PD or not.Erikdhanson (talk) 19:58, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

Rhetoric?
I'm rather disturbed by this article, and the article on the "I Have a Dream" speech, in their insistence on brushing off King's speeches with the dismissive epithet of "rhetoric". The "rhetorical analysis" linked at the bottom of this article, for instance, improperly labels many of King's reasoned points as "appeals to emotion". (For example, "injustice anywhere is a threat to justive everywhere" - emotional and moving, yes, but it is a direct reference to the axiomatic, corruptive nature of injustice, and, in the context in which King used it, is part of a reasoned argument against allowing injustice to persist, not just an appeal to knee-jerk sentiment.)

Perhaps I've failed to see something, but when I read the text of these speeches, I see rational arguments. They first explain what the problem is and then to explain the solution. Letter from Birmingham Jail goes further, to explain what time frame the solution must be adopted within (immediately). It is true that these arguments are intersperhmt hy yhy hy hsed with poetic flights of fancy (the "let freedom ring" repetition, for instance), but anyone who thinks that these phrases alone can render the whole speeches into inconsequentiality is terribly mistaken.

It has to be remembered that King was a religious leader and man of god first, and many of his arguments are based on reasoning from "moral law", which is not universally accepted. They are rational arguments, nonetheless. So I ask, how else can a speech or argument be labelled other than from the viewpoint of its intended effect and audience? How can the speeches be dismissed as rhetoric when they speak so clearly of the careful reasoning of a methodical mind? -Kasreyn 15:19, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree that King's arguments were rationally constructed. I suggest that "appeals to emotion" and "rationally constructed arguments" are not mutually exclusive categories and that "rhetoric" is not a dismissive categorization. The American Heritage dictionary gives 4 definitions, of which only 3.b. has negative connotations. The primary definition is "the art or study of using language effectively and persuasively." -- Dystopos 17:35, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The Greeks believed that arguments had three major aspects: appeals to logic, appeals to emotion and reaffirmation of the writer's integrity and dedication to the argument. King was a master at all three. The word "rhetoric" is not a negative word but a throwback to the ancient days of a well-crafted argument. This letter is masterful. 67.186.215.221 (talk) 18:39, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Third reference relevant?
The citation to a NY Times announcement that the New Leader, a socialist magazine, seems odd. Can anyone explain? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Sdinsmore (talk • contribs).

Comment from Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Alabama
I would like to see this article expanded. I would be interested to know the effect of King's letter. Was it effective in convincing ministers, church members, etc, that he was not being impatient and that his cause was just? Obviously today we agree with King, but I wonder how well it worked then. I did appreciate that the article lists where the letter was published because I had wondered how widely disseminated it was. I also think that if this article linked to an article discussing the nature and overall results of the Birmingham demonstrations, that would be worthwhile. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.143.220.254 (talk) 21:05, 23 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I added a link to the featured Birmingham campaign article. --Dystopos (talk) 19:09, 27 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I have added a reference that the Letter (as well as the clergymen's letter) was published in the June, 1963 issue of 'Liberation', a journal widely distributed among Civil Rights and Anti-War activists both in the US and abroad. Erikdhanson (talk) 20:04, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

Another name?
This letter also goes by the name "The Negro Is Your Brother." Someone should change it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.70.73.205 (talk) 02:06, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

"Outside agitator"
The article says that King was called an "outside agitator," with this phrase in quotes, in the letter from the Birmingham clergy. The letter from the clergy (from the link in the article) does not contain that phrase. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.158.136.64 (talk) 23:18, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

 * The quote comes from King's letter, not the original pastors' letter, which merely refers to King as an "outsider". I'll edit the article to make this clearer. — Malik Shabazz Talk/Stalk 03:34, 17 January 2012 (UTC)

The Summary section should be removed
This letter is crystal clear and it's a brilliant primary document. It's not a book. It's short. Anyone who reaches this Wikipedia page should sit down and read it. No summary is necessary, and no summary can possibly do it justice. A section devoted to annotations, providing additional context, would be useful.

Better-formatted source document
I propose linking to https://letterfromjail.com/ aka LFJ because it is better formatted than https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html aka UPENN. The text is identical. UPENN is primitive ASCII HTML. LFJ uses proper typesetting characters. Thoughts? — tbc (talk) 01:23, 18 January 2022 (UTC) tbc (talk) 01:23, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

Reception and reaction
It is surprising that there is still no section on the response to the publication of this letter by any of the authors of A call for unity, or by wider religious or civil society elements (already raised here back in 2009). If there was none, then that total indifference should be noted if sources are available. Davidships (talk) 08:48, 16 April 2022 (UTC)
 * You are welcome to develop such content. Be bold.. -- Valjean (talk) (PING me) 00:06, 17 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I would have done so if I had any familiarity with the subject or access to relevant sources. I had not even heard of the letter until this week. No doubt engaged editors will be able to help. Davidships (talk) 10:51, 18 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Jonathan Bass' book, cited here for the letter's publication details, is likely the best source for the immediate response by the clergy King addressed, but it's been a while since I've read it. --Dystopos (talk) 14:09, 19 April 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Literature Across Cultures I Analysis
— Assignment last updated by Crisedevers (talk) 17:36, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Letter from Birmingham Jail


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Nullagine, Western Australia

Nullagine is an old goldrush town in Western Australia's Pilbara region. It is located on the Nullagine River 296 km south-east of Port Hedland and 1,364 km north-north-east of Perth on the old Great Northern Highway.

The town originated from gold being discovered in the area in 1886 by a prospector, N.W. Cooke. The population increased sharply as a result and by the mid-1890s the community wanted to have a town declared. Lots were surveyed and released in 1897 and the state government gazetted the town in 1899.

Nullagine comes from the Aboriginal name of a nearby river, the Ngullagine river; the meaning of the word is unknown.

Besides gold other minerals were mined in the area including diamonds and other gemstones.

Between 1895 and 1914 the town boomed and contained a number of general stores, three hotels, eight stamp mills and a population of over 3,000.

Its population was 1,500 prior to World War II. Now, with the decline of gold mining, only about 200 remain. However the town still attracts fossickers and prospectors who visit the surrounding area, which is particularly rich in minerals such as gold, agate, asbestos, beryl, chalcedony, jade, jasper, tiger's eye and ores of antimony, copper, manganese and tungsten.

The town is also the place of the Yirrangadji Aboriginal Community. The Martu people make up the bulk of this population.

Iron ore
Newly discovered iron ore deposits to the south-west may lead to a revival of the town.

A company called BC Iron, which takes its name from the Bonnie creek “paleochannel” system of ancient river beds in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, believes it has a chance of proving up between 200 million and 600 million tonnes of pisolitic (pea-shaped) iron oxide in what was once a diamond exploration location. With iron ore prices continuing to rise, that translates into a potential bonanza with an in-ground value of up to A$30 billion. The three-stage challenge for BC will be first in proving that it has the ore in the ground, that it is of a quality that Asian steel mills want to buy, and that it can secure a transport route to the coast, and find room at a port for handling exports.

Because the size of the ore deposit at Bonnie Creek is too small to justify its own railway to the port, the company has negotiated a "mine gate" joint venture with Fortescue to use the Fortescue Railway in exchange for half the mine's output.

Film
Hammond Innes' 1973 novel Golden Soak was adapted into a six-part television series in 1979, part of which was filmed in Nullagine. It starred Ray Barrett in the lead role.

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Talk:Sheila Watson (writer)

Date of death
Please note that there seems to be some question as to Watson's date of death. Some sources (e.g. The Canadian Encyclopedia) give February 1; other sources (e.g. The Globe & Mail) give February 2. Grstain 15:54, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * I did a search on Lexis-Nexis about this and all the reports and obituaries from the time say it was on a Sunday, and Feb. 1 was a Sunday. Ex: "Her publisher, McClelland & Stewart, said in a news release that she died Sunday at Nanaimo Regional General Hospital." & "Sheila Watson, one of the most influential Canadian writers in the 20th century, died Sunday morning at the age of 88, after falling and breaking her hip in her home in Nanaimo, B.C." So I think we can say with a reasonable degree of confidence that it was Feb. 1. Note also that in date conflicts like this, earlier dates tend to be correct because later dates are often actually the date the matter was reported or publicized. Everyking 21:42, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds good to me. Obviously, you just can't believe what you read in the Globe. Grstain 23:03, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sheila Watson (writer)


text:
Talk:Storm chasing

Influential Storm Chasers
To put it kindly, none of these persons named in that list were able to influence any of the storms they chased. (humor) However, I am not certain creating a who's who list of chasers is of any worthy note. While some of those individuals provided service to meteorology, some persons not on this list may have provided greater service to the science community.

For instance, the undergradute physicist that re-built some high quality research radar (and chased with it) that miraculously caught the last F5 tornado of the 20th century...as a note, was not on that list...

The other side of the coin depicts highly inacurate (aka somebody just trying to help withoutactually knowing what they are doing) storm chasers that have caused undue panic from false reports...the rhetorical question is what is influential?

Dangers involved?
Is there any danger involved? Whether there is or not, the article should address it. After all, being a recreational activity it could be compared to bungee jumping (being fun because it pumps your adredaline and all) because subconsciously it can be perceived as dangerous whether it really is or not. -- Natalinasmpf 02:24, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Done.

Hunt for the Super Twister
I'm not sure that this episode of Nova is influential enough to be noteworthy in this article... tornado footage is more and more common these days. Anyone else agree? -Ottergoose 20:08, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The 1985 Nova program certainly was significant in growing the ranks of storm chasers. Many chasers can trace this as their first exposure seeding their interest or for finally propelling them to start chasing. At that time there had been almost no public exposure to storm chasing (and a rather limited number of active chasers), amd much less severe weather programs and media coverage in general. Also of some importance and as yet unmentioned in the article are several articles in the 70s-80s in Weatherwise magazine.

TV documentaries
Surely it's legitimate to post links to well-made science TV documentaries that can be viewed, even at a cost, as these contain in-depth data and visual presentation that would be of interest to the readers of this page and otherwise hard to find. Firstscience TV has several storm chasing documentaries available (see below). What do you think?

 * "Stormchasers: Fury in the Skies"
 * "Stormchasers: Fury on the Plains"
 * "When Nature Strikes Back: Chasing Killer Storms"

I know there are restrictions on commercial promotion but how does it differ from a link to a convention say - legitimate in the same way: as a source of information —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 87.80.210.49 (talk • contribs).

 * It is not Wikipedia's purpose to be a directory to external sources of information, especially not commercial ones. Femto 14:05, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I disagree. The purpose of WP is to provide information to people who are interested in a topic. There is no reason not to provide links to other sources. Redddogg (talk) 05:19, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Pop Culture
Would it be worthwhile to add an "in pop culture" section to this page?

I'm thinking specifically of the movie Twister. Ntay 21:17, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Twister is mentioned in the section detailing the history of storm chasing due to its influence in greatly increasing exposure of the activity. However, it and other instances of storm chasing in popular culture could be briefly mentioned in a section devoted to cultural references.  Evolauxia (talk) 12:46, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Drive by tag
This article has been tagged with the following:
 * This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.

yet no one has indicated what the specific needs of this tag are. The tag says, '''It needs additional references or sources for verification. Tagged since October 2008. Now this article currently has fifteen''' sources. Which part of the article needs sourcing? It's possible that when it was tagged nearly three years ago it had little to no sources, but the problem is when people wantonly tag articles without explanations on the talk page (which is the minimal expectation I have for a tagger) that these articles can sit tagged for years without anything changing. If the lazy buffoons who had tagged this in 2008 had come here and given some indication of what their concerns were, this could have been resolved long ago.

I will remove the tag until such time as the tagger(s) give(s) us some guidance here. HuskyHuskie (talk) 08:33, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

 * The "Current" section appears to have one footnote indicator in a forest of claims of fact. It could use a few dozen footnotes, or it could just be deleted.
 * Also, the writing is terrible through most of the article, ranging from jargon-laden prose to sentences that sort of wander into what they are trying to say.
 * So there's that. Huw Powell (talk) 01:31, 4 November 2019 (UTC)

Relevance of Reference
Is the Benjamin Franklin reference entirely relevant? Franklin was studying the electricity generated, not the storm itself. 68.147.241.201 (talk) 00:01, 9 January 2012 (UTC)
 * If Franklin traveled to intercept storms, then it satisfies the definition. The reference however doesn't verify that he moved any distance. Evolauxia (talk) 01:43, 28 October 2012 (UTC)

"C" rating ... nah
It's been ages since many pages have been visited by rating parties. Just have to say that this rates much higher than a C in my book. It's written clearly and well; the text stays factual, but not dry, conveying a sense of enthusiasm for the chase and the awe ... very non-dinosaur-encyclopedic. Salud! Twang (talk) 17:24, 27 October 2012 (UTC)
 * It is at least B class but to go any higher requires passing a nomination process. Evolauxia (talk) 01:43, 28 October 2012 (UTC)
 * As usual with these weather articles, the writing is abysmal, with countless grammar, usage, and spelling errors. I'd give it a D. Antimatter33 (talk) 07:51, 24 June 2019 (UTC)

 * I'm with Antimatter. The writing is shoddy, the tone is subjective, claims of fact are unreferenced... it's more like a newspaper or magazine article than one in an encyclopedia. Huw Powell (talk) 01:35, 4 November 2019 (UTC)

Was the recent death a professional?
Amatuer stormchasers die all the time. The exceptional thing about 2013 was it killed pros 2604:3D09:1F80:CA00:57E:A282:E2DA:3381 (talk) 01:58, 30 May 2024 (UTC)

 * https://www.ketv.com/article/adams-county-woman-was-blown-off-the-road-killed-in-tornado-storms/60876372 2604:3D09:1F80:CA00:57E:A282:E2DA:3381 (talk) 01:59, 30 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Storm chasing


text: Category:1145 deaths

title: Category:1145 deaths


text:
User talk:Nuclear logic

Nuclear logic Theory: The philosophical view, that the central principle of reconciliation of irreconcilables (Gluon of self-contradiction),is the Self-creator and Equator of All in all.- Aiya-Oba. -Courtesy of "The Record"(Bergen county,NJ) 05-13-1994

What? 67.252.78.193 (talk) 02:27, 7 November 2015 (UTC) Concerned Physicist

title: User talk:Nuclear logic


text: Category:1148 deaths

title: Category:1148 deaths


text: Category:1149 deaths

title: Category:1149 deaths


text:
Robert Wagner (disambiguation)

Robert Wagner (born 1930) is an American actor.

Robert Wagner may also refer to:

 * Bob Wagner (1947–2023), head football coach at the University of Hawaii, 1988–1995
 * Robert F. Wagner (1877–1953), U.S. Senator (D-NY), author Wagner Act enabling labor unions
 * Robert F. Wagner Jr. (1910–1991), New York City mayor (1954-1965)
 * Robert F. Wagner Jr. (deputy mayor) (1944–1993), New York City deputy mayor
 * Robert Heinrich Wagner (1895–1946), Nazi Gauleiter and Reich Governor of Alsace
 * Robert R. Wagner (1923–2001), American virologist
 * Robert T. Wagner (1932–2011), president of South Dakota State University, 1985–1997
 * Tom Wagner (Robert Thomas Wagner Jr.), former state auditor of Delaware
 * Robert Wagner (darts player) (born 1965), darts player from Norway
 * Robert Wagner (serial killer) (born 1971), Australian serial killer convicted of 10 murders as part of the Snowtown murders
 * Robert Wagner (cyclist) (born 1983), German professional cyclist
 * Robert P. Wagner (1918–2004), American professor of genetics
 * Rob Wagner (1872–1942), editor and publisher of Script, a weekly literary film magazine
 * Rob L. Wagner (born 1954), American journalist covering Middle East issues
 * Rob Wagner (politician) (born 1973), Democratic politician from Oregon
 * Robert Wagner (footballer) (born 2003), German association football midfielder
 * Robert Wagner (chemist), industrial chemist and S.D. and Gestapo officer

title: Robert Wagner (disambiguation)


text:
Wisbech and March line

The Wisbech and March line is a railway line between March and Wisbech in Cambridgeshire, England. A number of proposals are currently being investigated relating to the possible restoration of passenger services along the route.

History
The passing of the Wisbech, St. Ives and Cambridge Junction Railway Act 1846 (c.ccclvi) authorised the construction of two lines from March railway station: a 7.8 mi line to the Market town and Port of Wisbech which was reached by an almost straight north-easterly route across The Fens and a line south to the market town of St Ives. The double-track line to Wisbech was the first to open on 3 May 1847 followed by the St Ives line nine months later. Before the line was completed the Wisbech, March, and St Ives Railway (as the company had renamed itself) was taken over by the Eastern Counties Railway; which would itself become part the Great Eastern Railway in 1862. Wisbech was served by a station constructed in the town centre and named "Wisbeach", with Coldham the only other station between Wisbech and March.

A second line reached Wisbech in March 1848 with the opening of a single-track 9.5 mi line constructed by the East Anglian Railway from Watlington Junction. Although a connection for freight was made between the two lines, passengers initially had to walk from one station to the other to make a through journey, until the Eastern Counties Railway took over the East Anglian Railway in 1852. Both stations continued to exist until 1863 when the Great Eastern Railway consolidated all passenger services at the through station, with the original terminus station becoming a goods station for freight.

The through station was renamed Wisbech East after nationalisation of the railways to distinguish it from another Wisbech station which had been opened by the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway on the northern side of the river in 1866, that was given the name Wisbech North (closed to passengers in 1959).

Although not recommended for closure in the Beeching Report of 1963, the series of lines around Wisbech were gradually closed from the 1960s onwards. Coldham station was closed in 1966, followed by the station at Wisbech and the line from Wisbech to Watlington in September 1968. The line between March and Wisbech remained open for freight traffic until Summer 2000, carrying steel coil for the Metal Box factory, and occasional parcels, coal and pet food trains from Nestle Purina, but was singled in March 1972 with the lifting of the down rails.

Wisbech was left with no passenger service since 1968, and no railway connection at all since 2000.

State of the route
Wisbech East Station was lost to redevelopment following closure in 1968 and the station site was obliterated by a housing development in 2001.

The track now ends at Weasenham Lane crossing following the tarmacing over of the rails from the level crossing in 2005. Beyond this point, the old Wisbech East Goods Yard (acquired by Nestle Purina from Railtrack in 1995) was last used in 2000. Three years after the last pet food train from Wisbech, the remaining three sidings were lifted. Most of the yard area now forms the factory and car park extension.

The single track, owned by Network Rail, is still connected to the National Rail network via Whitemoor Junction near March but locked off. New signalling was installed at the junction during late 2007 for the benefit of outward-bound engineering trains from the re-opened Whitemoor Yard, once the second-biggest freight yard in Europe during World War II and now a stabling point for engineering trains. The railway's infrastructure, including the level crossings, remains largely in place.

East of the former Wisbech East station site the trackbed has been built over meaning it would not be possible to reopen a through-line from March to Watlington without major demolition.

Proposed reopening
At a meeting in July 2020 Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority voted to recommend plans for a service of two trains an hour between Wisbech, March, Ely, and Cambridge, and in March 2021 authorised £300,000 to prepare a detailed business case for Network Rail. If successful, it was suggested that works could be undertaken between 2024 and 2027, following works in development to improve capacity around Ely, with services beginning in 2028. A journey from Wisbech to Cambridge would take about 45 minutes.

In a review response in 2022, Network Rail identified a number of areas which it said needed deeper consideration before proposals could be assessed further. In particular it highlighted that any Wisbech–Cambridge service plans would rely on train paths being available through Ely, without the proposals having considered whether this could be achieved.

According to Network Rail even if its current proposals to increase capacity through the junctions at Ely gain government funding, which could increase the number of through trains from 6.5 to 11 per hour, all of this additional capacity would already be required for other services. Furthermore, according to Network Rail, even were it possible to create further train paths beyond this, the proposed 2 tph Wisbech–Cambridge service would be "in direct competition with other proposals for paths through Ely", suggesting that potential competitors for paths might include additional Cambridge–Norwich services extending new East West Rail services to Cambridge from Oxford; additional passenger services from the West Midlands to Cambridge, Stansted, or Norwich; and additional freight services, especially between the West Midlands and Felixstowe. Pro-rail advocacy group Railfuture has questioned whether 11 tph would be sufficient to reliably assure even the limited growth in freight traffic Network Rail says it is trying to achieve, given that a long slow freight train can need two train-path slots. Instead it suggests Network Rail should be more ambitious, arguing for a grade-separated flyover that would make trains between the West Midlands and Ipswich or Felixstowe independent of trains between Cambridge and Kings Lynn or Norwich. This it says could achieve 14 tph, with the possibility to increase this to 18 tph.

Network Rail's review of responses to its Ely capacity consultation is expected later in 2023. In the meantime Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority have issued a new consultation, asking whether a shuttle or light-rail service between Wisbech and March should also be considered, as an alternative or interim measure.

Earlier restoration discussions
Plans to open the line as a passenger service have been discussed for many years. In 1974, "WAMRAC" (the Wisbech And March Railway Action Committee) was formed with the intention of reopening the Wisbech line to passenger traffic. The committee never achieved this goal, although on 1 July 1984 and the Railway Development Society (RDS, which now campaigns as Railfuture), the WAMRAC organised the last passenger train from Wisbech. This was a special train consisting of a Class 47 loco and ten British Rail Mk2 coaches, which ran from Wisbech to York and Scarborough.

Cambridgeshire County Council considered re-opening the line between March and Wisbech to passengers in 1990, however a quote from British Rail of £1.36 million for the upgrading of the then operational freight line, coupled to an annual £200,000 operating charge, meant that this proposal was dropped.

Bramley Line Heritage Railway Trust proposal
The Wisbech March Railway Group was formed on 22 October 2003 by Wisbech businessman Peter Downs following an initiative he had raised at meetings of the local Chamber of Commerce. In response to a question as to how more visitors could be attracted to The Fens and Wisbech in particular, he suggested reinstating the railway line. Downs began making enquiries within the railway industry as to the future plans for the disused line which had seen its last freight service in 2000. An article was published in the local press to drum up support and a meeting was held which elected Downs as chairman. The railway's name was chosen and formally adopted at the meeting, after the large quantity of Bramley apples that used to be carried by rail from the area.

In December 2007 Fenland District Council refused the Bramley Line's application for £20,000 funding on the basis that the project had "no business basis" and "no practical outcome". The Council advised the group to prepare another business plan and offered to help it secure alternative funding.

The Bramley Line obtained a licence from Network Rail which permits them to clear vegetation but not to undertake track maintenance. The Track Clearance Team commenced at Coldham in July 2006 and continued until November 2014, working back towards Wisbech. The team also replaced and painted fencing at various sites and an isolated siding was laid at Waldersea, with a site office being provided to serve as the group's headquarters. The Group were working to raise the money to pay Network Rail's legal fees to obtain a lease on the line for the purposes of restoring it for tourist trains.

In February 2005 the Bramley Line Group purchased five Class 488 coaches, comprising a rake of four Standard class and one Club Class vehicles. A public appeal raised £2,500 to move the coaches to March but, following vandalism, it was decided in November 2007 that the coaches should be sold; being purchased by a New Zealand-based railway in May 2008. Bramley Line also acquired the former Smeeth Road signal box, complete with lever frame. Since closure the box had been used as a hairdressers and was complete and in good order. It was removed to a site in Wisbech, where it was stored, but not restored.

In November 2014 the project ceased work, and declined an offer of heritage rolling stock, while the future of the route is decided.

In May 2016 a working party of volunteers worked on track-laying around the proposed Waldersea station and depot.

ATOC proposal
In June 2009, the Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC) petitioned in its report Connecting Communities: Expanding Access to the Rail Network for the line to be restored as part of the national rail network as part of plans for 14 extra lines and about 40 new stations. This £12 million proposal would see hourly trains running on the existing single line between Wisbech, March and Peterborough and could be linked with Cross Country's proposed extension of Birmingham – Leicester service to Peterborough. It would serve a population of Wisbech of 26,500 and a wider station catchment area of 50,000 including villages and towns such as Long Sutton in the area between the Spalding-Peterborough line and the King's Lynn lines. A new station at Wisbech and a possible additional park and ride adjacent to the A47 would be built. The ATOC report was based on a detailed, professional, market study for reinstated railways with the aim of improving economic regeneration. The ATOC report has the active support of the Liberal Democrats, Railfuture and is being followed up by the local Conservative council.

Having reviewed the ATOC proposals the Wisbech to March Bramley Line published its position statement, with its main points being:-
 * 1) The service proposed by ATOC is between Wisbech and Peterborough via March for which they believe an adequate express bus services already exists.
 * 2) The capital costs to reinstate a full national rail service are at least £12m and probably more, with, for example, the Stirling to Alloa line re-instatement costing over £65 million.
 * 3) The report in respect of the March – Wisbech line contains only an option for review not a proposal for the restoration of a service.
 * 4) Network Rail has confirmed to the Bramley Line that the establishment of a community heritage service would not be a barrier to network services returning to the line in the future.
 * 5) Community heritage railways require significantly less capital costs to re-establish services and lower operating costs.

A statement made by Conservative councillor Simon King, Fenland District Council's then the chairman of Overview and Scrutiny Committee, indicated that the Council "are very pleased ATOC has raised the idea of re-opening the line" and stated that, "anything Fenland District Council can do to support it we will do because it is really important for the development of the area". In November 2009 Councillor King declared his interest as a board member of the Bramleyline group in a Fenland District Council meeting. The news of the ATOC proposal was also welcomed by Wisbech's Conservative Mayor, and Conservative Cllr Kit Owen, Fenland's portfolio holder for Open for Business.

Cambridgeshire County Council proposal
In 2012, Cambridgeshire County Council requested a three-phase study from Atkins into the reopening of the line for public transport. The first part, detailing "potential revenue and patronage that may arise from reintroducing passenger services on the line, with an assessment of the operational costs", was published in early 2013. It concluded that a light rail scheme could generate a £15.5m operating surplus between 2014 and 2029.

The report considers restoring the line for heavy rail, light rail and heritage railway operation, but notes that "few if any heritage railways in the UK operate a commuter service throughout the year".

Railfuture
Campaigning group Railfuture have made an uncosted proposal that that line should be restored as a commuter route, providing an hourly service to Cambridge, with a maximum suggested journey time of 35 minutes. They compare their case for restoring the service to the completed Stirling-Alloa-Kincardine rail link.

In March 2014 the route was declared by Stephen Hammond, the transport minister, to be a "strategic priority". The project cost was considered to be between £35 and £52 million but the route was still felt to have the potential to be profitable, with up to 78,000 people expected to make the journey from Wisbech to Peterborough. In February 2015 David Cameron stated that he intended to "have a proper look at Wisbech to March line and to see whether this can work. Infrastructure is a big part of our plan for the east of England."

No-frill train trials
In February 2017, it was announced that no-frills trains would be trialled on Britain's railways with proposals including the Wisbech Line.

Campaign for Better Transport Expanding Railway Report
This line has been identified by Campaign for a Better Transport as a priority 1 candidate for reopening.

title: Wisbech and March line