text:
Talk:Pez

Smoking
The mints weren't an "alternative to smoking" but an accessory, a counteractive to the bad breath caused by smoking.
 * Source? I'll have to go back to some of the reference books, but I'm pretty sure Haas was avidly anti-smoking.  PxT 20:24, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * From David Welch's Collecting Pez (considered to be pretty much the definitive source for PEZ-related history), page 81: "Ed. Haas III has been described by several interviewwees as a health nut. His marketing strategy defined PEZ Candy as an alternative to smoking as well as a way to overcome the unpleasant after effects of smoking and of certain foods." PxT 05:15, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

True story. The original motto for Pez was: "Smoking prohibited, pezzing allowed" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.201.206.254 (talk) 03:56, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

Model
I wouldn't think the "razor and blades" model applies here -- they presumably make money off the dispensers than the candy, right? Ben-w 21:42, 4 August 2005 (UTC)
 * PEZ considers itself primarily a candy company. They sell 3 billion+ candies a year in the US alone.  The dispensers are very much used to drive candy sales, references in D. Welch's book -- don't have it handy right now, I'll try to look them up later. PxT 20:24, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

Page Cleanup
This article has developed a lot of sprawl. What do you think? It should be fairly easy to combine some of the timeline information with the character list. I started the character list a long time ago and the timeline was started afterwords as a seperate list. Beakerboy 17:48, 21 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. I was never really sure why the timeline was there in the first place, since it's not very well maintained (and seems to me like a collection of indiscriminate information).  Its removal will not, IMO, diminish the article.  The few short blurbs in that chunk can be moved to the same heading under the characters list.  We probably don't need to differentiate Euro-only releases or whatever; that's just excessive for an encyclopedia article.  Some of the non-standard series (minis, keychains, plushies, pens, jungle mission) probably deserve some mention.  We should hunt down some citations for most of this stuff.  At the very least, the company history needs citations.  The bits about the Pez streets should probably be moved into the Trivia section (I'll do that in just a minute). — Wwagner 18:50, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Someone should add the two mottos of Pez Candy Inc: the old one "Smoking prohibited, pezzing allowed," as well as the new, current one "A treat to eat in a puppet that's neat." §Dr. Benjamin
 * If you can find valid citations for them, by all means add them. The couple searches I've done didn't yield anything I'd consider authoritative. — Wwagner 22:05, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Sure thing, i'll find the site and post them once i do. §Dr. Benjamin
 * I know the "A treat to eat" line is from an advertisement from a while back. I've never heard of the other.Beakerboy 19:08, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Dispenser Question
Have they made a Family Guy set of PEZ dispensers? I have not seen them, but do they exist???
 * No they haven't. It will likely never happen, as essentially all dispensers have a potential for a family audience. As Family Guy is one bit edgier that The Simpsons, who have been PEZ'd, they likely never would qualify. --  user:zanimum
 * I've heard only 2 real people ever appeared on a PEZ dispenser. Who? Include it? Trekphiler 00:44, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Betsy Ross, Daniel Boone, Paul Revere. I have added the info.  PxT 18:04, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * How about those three Elvis Presley pez dispensers? When did those hit the shelves? -- Randall00 Talk 13:22, 18 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Elvis came out a few months ago. The Orange County Choppers set was the first to be made to actually look like specific individuals.  Elvis is the second set.Beakerboy 19:33, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

what about the nascar drivers? aren't they real people? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.221.127.116 (talk • contribs)

 * They are certainly real people, but those dispensers are just the helmets of the drivers, not their actual faces. I remember seeing a bunch of batting helmets from all the MLB teams on EBay a while back - that's basically the same thing. — Wwagner 14:50, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

theyve made a mary poppins despenser —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.149.118.183 (talk) 00:59, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Flavors
Is there no section for the history of all the flavors? I know strawberry, orange, lemon, grape, raspberry, cherry, sourorange, sourblue raspberry, sour pineapple, sourgreen apple, and cola are current flavors ... and peppermint was used in the past ... but has there been others? SargeAbernathy 07:20, 28 December 2005 (UTC) There are also Sour Watermelon, Yogurt, Chocolate, Cherry, Lemon,Sugar free Orange, Sugar free Lemon, And sugar free Strawberry. Don't forget Mango.

 * there was also chlorophyll flavor pez that is no longer 2600:6C55:7600:6C1:D1E7:796F:ADAD:FAB7 (talk) 03:43, 30 May 2024 (UTC)

Translator
I deleted "besides its status as an acronym". It's not an acronym, & I, for one, am getting really sick of people saying something is without knowing what an acronym actually is. Trekphiler 00:39, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Vandalized
I'm pretty sure that mspaint picture and photo of socks don't belong here, can anyone remove them? Cuitlahuac 06:59, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, that was one freaky edit. I took care of the reversion. — Wwagner 16:32, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Street names

 * The enthusiasm and nostalgia surrounding PEZ are suggested by the existence of two single-block streets in the U.S., presumably both named "Pez" at the suggestion of Pez enthusiasts:

Do we have any evidence for this? The street in NV is surrounded by other spanish-language street names, so I think its more likely related to the spanish word. As for connecticut... well, Orange CT is home to PEZ. Coincidence?

Picture
If someone can, attempt to find a better picture (multiple pictures would actually be helpful). Michael 22:20, 6 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I have a PEZ dispenser, I'll see if I can get a good photo of it, or even better arrange three or more for a photo showing off the wide variety of PEZ dispensers. It also would be nice to have a photo of the dispensing process (the head tilted back, with the candy ready to remove).  I'll work on getting this, but anybody else is welcome to beat me to it. --TexasDex 02:47, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Hmm...Don't they show the dispensing process on those little yellow slips that come with PEZes? If possible, you might want to photograph that, too. Michael 06:32, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Mabye someone could put up a picture of the PEZ candies themselves (without their packaging on them of course) EditingFrenzy 16:18, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Trivia section
I'm pretty sure the goings-on of an internet message board are not relevant to PEZ dispensers unless they reveal some factual information regarding said dispensers. Should the last article of trivia be deleted?
 * I agree. I could propose that PEZ dispensers are the greatest invention of all time, but I'd never write "it has been proped that...". Done.Beakerboy 16:02, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * What about the part when Eliott demonstrates the PEZ candy and its dispenser to E.T. in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial? Does it seem okay to you? --Angeldeb82 03:23, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Yogurt flavor?
I did plenty of searching, and I was unable to find any reference to yogurt PEZ candies. I've never seen them in real life, either. Unless anybody else can find a reliable reference to prove it, I'd like to remove that from the listing. — Wwagner 02:39, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

It's legit. There's a picture in one of the books. Peterson's 2nd edition I believe, but I would have to double check. PxT 17:16, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I have it in PezBase too Yogurt Pez, and I've seen the picture. It's an Arabic Candy Pack.Beakerboy 20:58, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Shawn's Peterson's Collector's Guide to PEZ, 2nd edition, page 143. The pack shown spells it "yoghurt" - PxT 15:00, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Note to editors - please don't "correct" it to remove the "h" unless you can provide a source that shows an actual candy pack spelling it that way. PxT 20:27, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Bricks?
Do people really think they look like bricks? I dunno about that; too round. And what bricks have depressions in them? —OverMyHead 21:41, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Removing Excessive Trivia
I see a little bit of a revert war going on. I'm all for culling the "trivia" section to a meaningful and manageable amount. Several of the items are in wikiquote already and do not need to be duplicated here. Others, in my opinion, do not add much importance to the article. I can't image the Orange (fruit) article containing a list of every mention of oranges in movies, music, and television.Beakerboy 11:32, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I added back in the Stand By Me reference, as it is one of the most popular PEZ quotes of all time! "If I could only have one food for the rest of my life? That's easy. Cherry Pez. Cherry flavor Pez. There's no doubt about it." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.48.150.6 (talk • contribs) 11:23, 11 June 2007 UTC

 * Who (other than you) says it's "one of the most popular PEZ quotes of all time"? Being in a trivia/popular culture section does not suddenly remove the usual requirement for assertions to be properly referenced. 217.33.74.204 15:32, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that the trivia section had gotten a little too trivial. One entry in particular, the last one about the manga series which has PEZ-like things.  From the description, they're like PEZ, but they are not PEZ.  That one should probably get the boot as well, unless we can find an interview of the artist stating categorically that the art was somehow directly related to PEZ.  And the Stand By Me reference is already in Wikiquote; no need to duplicate it here. — Wwagner 14:03, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

Removing character list
Does anyone care if I remove the charater list? First, it's quite long...longer than the article itself. Second, it's less to maintain as we can just cite myPezQL, PezBase or one of several books as a place where a reader can see a list. I beleive if this were a featured article, there wouldn't be a list of heads in it. What do you think?Beakerboy 11:59, 20 August 2007 (UTC) How about we shrink it down. Mabye make it with the pez from a whole year in one sentence — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pez man 123 (talk • contribs) 02:23, 21 February 2016 (UTC)

real-life people in Pez
I just have to say that you're missing one real person on the pez list... I have a Pez dispenser with Santa Claus on it!--Paul McDonald (talk) 21:38, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Santa is not a real person 2A00:23C6:BE86:B401:B931:8BFA:34B7:9CE (talk) 17:26, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

European PEZ vendors
I added what I believe is the complete list of official European PEZ vendors. My main interest lies in collecting vendors from all over the world. As primary literature on this subject seems to be practically non-existent in the world-wide web I added the information directly as a new section at the end of article rather than providing a link. Please feel free to correct my English (my native language is German, I am based in Austria).

So what has not been included?
 * Any fantasy machine that shows wrong colors, decals from other vendor types combined on the wrong box, wrong combinations of PEZ-girls and flavors, wrong colors.
 * Small variations of the pictured vendors due to improvements in serial production or availability of decals.
 * A very few probably privately labeled machines, revamped by the operators from some other products in order to vend PEZ, but without the official consent of PEZ rights owners.
 * The first version of the GWS vendor, that vended the flavor combination peppermint, lemon and eucalyptus (instead of grape-sugar that had been introduced around 1960) for which I don't have full copyright. Other than that it looks identical to the pictured one.
 * A vendor for PEZ-boxes with fewer than 6 columns. While I do not recall having seen these in operation myself I talked to a few people who firmly believed in its existence. After having consulting the last owner of the Theodor Braun company (Mr.Ebert), who had started the PEZ vending operation business in 1956 in Austria before buying Theodor Braun in the early 1980s, and he did not recall any such amachine, I conclude that this machine had been most probably a privately labeled 2way vendor. Logical candidate vendor machines for revamping would have been the less than successful vendors of Candita waffles or Schokli boxes of peppermint-candy coated chocolate lentilles (very much the peppermint candy version of M&Ms), that would have required only very minor modifications in order to vend PEZ-boxes.

--Heron.Alexandria (talk) 08:28, 1 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Personally I think there are too many photos which distracts from the article. The point of the article is not to be a complete comprehensive "book" collecting photos and lists of all things in the PEZ universe.  It's instead here to give a summery of PEZ and links to other references where more information can be found.  I'd recommend you limit the photos to one or two which help illustrate what a vending machine is and explain how they are important to the overall subject.

 * Beakerboy (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 11:29, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I see your point. And finding and keeping the right balance for the article is perfectly what I always had in mind. As mentioned previously my main point is that the sort of information I added to the article is otherwise unavailable on the web, likewise from printed literature. Therefore I added what actually is a subset of vendors to the least prominent place in the article: at its very end - keeping the rest as it was before. Heron.Alexandria (talk) 21:17, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

I dont think the vendor gallery should be on this article. it should probably have its own article99.149.118.183 (talk) 01:04, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

$
The article should be more specific with the money values. It it US$? It should be more specific. -Kyuko (talk) 22:28, 22 June 2009 (UTC)

Infobox
I think an infobox should be created at the top of the article, with the company's logo. Let me know what you think. -Kyuko (talk) 22:38, 22 June 2009 (UTC)

Pez sues Museum, Pez sends takedown demands to YTMND.com
From - http://laughingsquid.com/pez-suing-burlingame-museum-of-pez-memorabilia/#comment-642761 - "Pez Candy Inc. is suing the Burlingame Museum of Pez Memorabilia over copyright infringement. The suit, filed last week, claims that the museum deceives the public into believing they are operating under the authority of Pez and asks that the museum’s 7 foot tall replica of Pez dispenser be destroyed."

From - http://wiki.ytmnd.com/Pez - "In May of 2009 the PEZ™ corporation issued two letters insisting that the administrators of YTMND remove the Hitler and Charles Manson fantasy PEZ™ dispensers and refrain from allowing future PEZ™ items to be displayed on YTMND:

 * Madam / Sir,
 * we address this letter to you as we have noticed a "Hitler PEZ Dispenser" on your website.
 * As this "Hitler PEZ Dispenser" is a self-made fake dispenser, against any humor or taste, not
 * affiliated with PEZ and furthermore an obvious infringement of various statutes and rights, including
 * intellectual :property, plus an insult, we do ask you to instantly remove this photo and any article
 * plus reference to the "Hitler PEZ Dispenser" from your website.
 * Any future display of any such fake and/or insulting PEZ items shall be refrained from.
 * We may set a deadline till May 15th, 2009, and do ask for your immediate cooperation in this regard,
 * as otherwise legal measures have to be taken.
 * Yours sincerely,
 * Gerda Jenatschek
 * Legal Department
 * PEZ International AG
 * Austria, A-4050 Traun
 * Fax: 0043-732-38999-85296
 * Madam / Sir,
 * in reviewing your website again we have now noticed a fake "Charles Manson" PEZ Dispenser, which has
 * to be removed as well from the homepage - we may also set a deadline till May 15th, 2009, and do ask
 * for your immediate cooperation in this regard, as otherwise legal measures have to be taken.
 * Yours sincerely,
 * Gerda Jenatschek
 * Legal Department
 * PEZ International AG
 * Austria, A-4050 Traun
 * Fax: 0043-732-38999-85296
 * Fax: 0043-732-38999-85296

Max responded by issuing a Get sued by PEZ™ contest with the prize being a possible lawsuit. The YTMND community submitted over 100 sites before the contest stopped accepting new submissions. As of June 4th, 2009 the users of YTMND are still unaware if any prize will be given out(no legal measures have be taken). Cliffington88's historyofpez.ytmnd.com currently holds the top spot."

For a candy and toy company they are starting to take themselves bloody seriously. I'd add this in myself but I'm tired of edit wars...(86.44.38.129 (talk) 11:28, 2 July 2009 (UTC))

 * Well, one can make every dispenser he or she likes, I would think. But if you go public with it, you should make clear that they are not affiliated with or produced by the company. Not because the PEZ-company takes this so bloody serious and want to spoil your fun, but they themselves may get into trouble. Would you like to get into trouble because someone else has fun, clearly not.-- 178.115.250.230 (talk) 05:24, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

Seinfeld connection
I just listened to the DVD commentary track for the Seinfeld episode entitled The Merv Griffin Show. During a discussion of product placement, Jason Alexander made a comment along the lines of... "the Seinfeld show single-handedly brought Pez back from the brink of destruction", a reference to the 1992 episode entitled The Pez Dispenser.

I note that the article currently mentions that Pez doubled its production capacity in the 1990s. Is there any verifiable connection between Seinfeld and sales of Pez? Manning (talk) 11:52, 6 July 2009 (UTC)

Links to convention pages
Not sure if this is relevant to the Pez wiki page, but since we're talking about the various pez conventions, should links be added to them? I don't want to do so if it falls under some sort of advertising rule...Psychopez (talk) 05:43, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

Dispenser photo?
Hi. I'm new to this article, and was very surprised that it contains no dispenser photo - I'd have thought that this, given the nature of the product, is almost essential. Is it that (a) it's been tried but it's a copyright problem or some other wikinonsense or (b) we just haven't got round to it yet or (c) something else? Apologies is this is actually an FAQ here but I can't find it in this Talk page or in the histories, though of course it may have been discussed to death months or years ago. Do please feel free to enlighten me! Thanks and best wishes, DBaK (talk) 09:12, 12 January 2010 (UTC)
 * It was likely a combo of A and B. However, a quick search on Flickr ... and now we have one. – Latics (talk) 09:39, 12 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Wow, nice one, quick work! Thanks and best wishes, DBaK (talk) 00:24, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

Chlorophyll a retired flavor?
Is this vandalism or do we have actual proof of this flavor? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.187.77.211 (talk) 03:26, 5 May 2010 (UTC)
 * It is an actual flavor. Cecil Adams mentions it on the The Straight Dope  and it's in PezBase.  Beakerboy (talk) 00:13, 6 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Isn't chlorophyll usually a colouring agent rather than a flavouring? Giftiger Wunsch   [TALK]  01:19, 6 May 2010 (UTC)
 * All I know is the candy pack his large font print which says "Chlorophyll" similarly to how others would proclaim "Cherry" or "Orange". Beakerboy (talk) 15:45, 6 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I've cited a website which states that it is "Chlorophyll Mint" flavour, and updated the article accordingly. As I figured, chlorophyll was the colourant used, but the actual flavour was spearmint. Giftiger Wunsch   [TALK]  15:50, 6 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Chlorophyll was a big consumer fad half a century ago (at about the time PEZ began exports into the US). See this for some product pictures. Gwen Gale (talk) 13:10, 4 October 2010 (UTC)

So it is true! KF5LLG (talk) 01:09, 28 October 2011 (UTC)

Adding a photo?
I submitted a color macro photo of four pieces of PEZ to Wikimedia, and wanted to add it to this article.

I'm a bit new to editing articles, particularly in adding content, and wanted to know if there was an aesthetically pleasing size (I'm assuming thumb) and location where I could add this photo for the best impact?

Thanks for going easy on me, as I'm a bit new to editing the Wiki.

Amarand (talk) 15:12, 12 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Hi! Welcome to Wikipedia. I think thumb size would be appropriate. As for the location, if the flavours were specified in the description, maybe the Flavor section, though I think it may also look good in the Fandom section, on its own. Just my thoughts... —PC-XT+ 00:57, 7 March 2014 (UTC)

Lists
Instead of making lists for conventions, I think the article would be better if they were brought into the text of the section. The history of conventions should be discussed, but there's no need to list every meetup, gathering and convention that has ever happen in the history of the hobby. If someone feels this is important, move it to a separate article, an include links to any conventions that are important enough to warrant their own articles. Beakerboy (talk) 01:29, 1 February 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:37, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Hello Kitty PEZ dispenser open II.jpg

Allergies
Any kids allergy issues such as kids with peanut, tree nut or dairy allergies? 108.46.194.226 (talk) 21:26, 21 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pez


text:
TG&Y

TG&Y was a five and dime, or chain of variety stores and larger discount stores in the United States. At its peak, there were more than 900 stores in 29 states. Starting out during the Great Depression in rural areas and eventually moving into cities, TG&Y stores were firmly embedded in southern culture as modern-day general stores with a bit of everything. The chain used the advertising slogan, "Your best buy is at TG&Y." The founders articulated their business philosophy as "...have what people want at a price they can afford to pay,"

History
Founded in 1935, the chain was headquartered in Oklahoma City and named for the last initials of its three founders: Rawdon E. Tomlinson, Enoch L. "Les" Gosselin, and Raymond A. Young. The three men each owned separate variety stores in Oklahoma when they met at a trade show in 1932. In 1935, the three pooled their financial resources to form the Central Merchandising Corporation and built a warehouse in Oklahoma City, allowing their stores to buy merchandise in bulk directly from manufacturers, instead of through wholesalers. They opened their first jointly-owned store in 1936. The owners' initials were ordered according to the ages of the three, with Tomlinson being the oldest. Raymond Young, the only partner remaining with the chain, oversaw operations until his retirement in 1970.

In 1957 TG&Y was acquired by Butler Brothers of Chicago, with the stipulation that Young's leadership remain unchanged. After Young's retirement, leadership changed frequently. By this time, there were 127 retail stores. By 1960, the entire TG&Y operation had become a wholly owned subsidiary of City Products, a Chicago-based company which already operated other variety stores. In 1966, Household Finance Corporation (HFC) acquired City Products.

In 1975, David Green left a supervisor job at TG&Y to open the second location in what would become the Hobby Lobby chain of arts and crafts stores, also based in Oklahoma City.

In 1986, when it had about 920 stores, TG&Y was acquired by competitor McCrory Stores. McCrory was a division of Rapid-American Corporation, a holding company that owned several retail chains. At the time, Rapid-American was solely owned by businessman and money manager Meshulam Riklis.

At its peak, the chain had nearly 1000 stores in 29 states, from Florida to California.

Demise
After its heyday in the 1960s, unsuccessful attempts were made to expand and rebrand TG&Y under the trade names TG&Y Dollar, Aim for the Best, and Dollar-T. By March 1986, McCrory announced that it would sell about 200 of the 743 TG&Y operations it had so recently acquired. Shortly after acquiring the struggling chain, McCrory's cut over 8,000 TG&Y employees and closed 205 stores, including 23 in its former home state of Oklahoma.

In addition to the variety stores, which averaged around 15,000 square feet, there was also a larger discount store format of around 30,000 to 40,000 square feet.

In 2001 TG&Y's owner McCrory Stores filed bankruptcy and all stores were eventually closed. Raymond Young, the youngest and last survivor of the three founders, died in the same year.

Legacy
In January, 2014, the Chisholm Trail Museum of Kingfisher, Oklahoma put on an exhibit commemorating the TG&Y chain, featuring music, merchandise and other displays from its "golden era." The Kingfisher store had opened in 1927. Adam Lynn, museum director, was evidently surprised by the popularity of the exhibit, which had been scheduled to run only through March. He said that over one thousand former employees from as far away as Kansas and Texas had visited this exhibit, which the museum had extended until August of that year. He noted that all the former employees had expressed that they loved working at the store and that they would have continued working there until retirement if the company had not gone out of business. The museum later decided to make the exhibit permanent, and won the "Leadership in History Award of Merit" from the American Association for State and Local History.

A former TG&Y manager, Tom Clinton, decided to open a new version of the old store on January 6, 2003, in Sapulpa, Oklahoma. His opportunity arose when he learned in 2001 that the last TG&Y had closed. He bought the rights to the company name and a former Drug Warehouse building, which provided 12000 ft2 of space. The new store's emphasis is on craft items and household goods, but aisles display food products, toys, pet supplies, stationery, yarn, ceramics, tools and hardware, and health and beauty aids.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: TG&Y


text:
Talk:Dawsonite

discovery location from

title: Talk:Dawsonite


text:
Sandfly

Sandfly or sand fly is a colloquial name for any species or genus of flying, biting, blood-sucking dipteran (fly) encountered in sandy areas. In the United States, sandfly may refer to certain horse flies that are also known as "greenheads" (family Tabanidae), or to members of the family Ceratopogonidae. The bites usually result in a small, intensely itchy bump or welt, the strength of which intensifies over a period of 5-7 days before dissipating. Moderate relief is achieved with varying success through the application of over the counter products such as Benadryl (ingested) or an analgesic cream such as After Bite (applied topically). Outside the United States, sandfly may refer to members of the subfamily Phlebotominae within the Psychodidae. Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) are sometimes called sandflies or no-see-ums (no-see-em, noseeum). New Zealand sandflies are in the genus of sand fly Austrosimulium, a type of black fly.

In the various sorts of sandfly only the female is responsible for biting and sucking the blood of mammals, reptiles and birds; the protein in the blood is necessary for the production of eggs, making the sandfly an anautogenous reproducer.

Some sandfly genera of the subfamily Phlebotominae are the primary vectors of leishmaniasis and pappataci fever; both diseases are confusingly referred to as sandfly fever. In Asia, Africa, and Europe, leishmaniasis is spread by sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus; in the Americas, the disease is spread by sandflies of the genus Lutzomyia. Belize and Honduras are notorious in the Caribbean for their sandfly populations and travel pages frequently warn tourists to bring bug spray containing high concentrations of DEET.

Viruses
Among the viruses that sandflies can carry is the Chandipura virus, which, as a cousin of rabies, is deadly. There was an outbreak in India in 2010.

Protozoa

Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by several species of the genus Leishmania, is transmitted by various sandflies.

Leishmania donovani causes spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. It can be diagnosed through microscopic review by visualizing amastigotes in containing macrophages, and is treatable with sodium stibogluconate.

Bacteria
Bartonella bacilliformis, the causal agent of Carrion's disease, is transmitted by different members of the genus Lutzomyia. This disease is restricted to Andean areas of Peru and Ecuador, with historical reports in Southern Colombia.

Prevention
Over-the-counter repellents with high concentrations of DEET or picaridin are proven to work; however effectiveness seems to differ among individuals with some people reporting better results with one product over another while other people finding neither product effective for them. This may be partially due to various species living in different areas.

A particular extract of lemon eucalyptus oil (not the essential oil) has now been shown to be as effective as DEET in various studies.

Most information on repellents focuses on mosquitoes, but mosquito repellents are effective for sandflies and midges as well.

Cultural views
New Zealand sandflies (which are taxonomically blackflies—Simulidae) have a native Māori legend wherein "the god Tu-te-raki-whanoa had just finished creating the landscape of Fiordland, it was absolutely stunning... so stunning that it stopped people from working. They just stood around gazing at the beauty instead. The goddess Hine-nui-te-pō became angry at these unproductive people, so she created the sandfly to bite them and get them moving".

These sand flies were able, according to another Māori legend, to revive the dead hero Ha-tupatu.

title: Sandfly


text:
White-lipped tamarin

The white-lipped tamarin (Saguinus labiatus), also known as the red-bellied tamarin, is a tamarin which lives in the Amazon area of Brazil and Bolivia.

The red belly of these New World monkeys is its most remarkable outward characteristic. Otherwise it is black with a thin white mustache on its face and a black-brown back.

They live in social groups of related animals. The mother usually gives birth to one or two young at a time. The father carries the babies most, but siblings (brothers and sisters) will also share the carrying of youngsters, and so learn how to be good carers.

There are three subspecies:
 * Saguinus labiatus labiatus
 * Saguinus labiatus rufiventer
 * Thomas' moustached tamarin, Saguinus labiatus thomasi

title: White-lipped tamarin


text: Talk:White-lipped tamarin

title: Talk:White-lipped tamarin


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fortenberry Fit

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 13:16, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Fortenberry Fit
Probable insult of someone called Fortenberry. No hits on Google. --Lee Hunter 01:20, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Content before blanking:
 * A random act of verbal agression generally marked by excessive sensitivity and impulsive changes of mood. These displays are a fit of rage or hysteria with pronounced dominance. These episodes are common in the Fortenberry genealogy. The term used seems to have originated in Texas as expression similar to conniption.

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * delete. Mikkalai 04:01, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Antandrus 04:05, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Insult, neologism. jni 11:38, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Joke, possibly malicious, by anon with no previous contributions (but one since). No useful content or history. Andrewa 12:10, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 05:40, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this insult. Bart133 (t) 01:58, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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Handball at the Summer Olympics

Handball at the Summer Olympics refers to two different sports. Field handball was introduced for men at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, but dropped after that. At the 1952 Olympics, field handball was a demonstration sport. (Indoor) handball was introduced for men at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Women's handball competition was introduced at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.

Participating nations

 * Legend
 * – Champions
 * – Runners-up
 * – Third place
 * – Fourth place
 * – Did not enter / Did not qualify
 * – Hosts
 * = – More than one team tied for that rank
 * Q – Qualified for forthcoming tournament

Participating nations

 * Legend
 * – Champions
 * – Runners-up
 * – Third place
 * – Fourth place
 * – Did not enter / Did not qualify
 * – Hosts
 * = – More than one team tied for that rank
 * Q – Qualified for forthcoming tournament

Combined medal table
The table below include teams under the name they had at the time. It should be mentioned, though, that URS and EUN is the same team like RUS and ROC is the same.

title: Handball at the Summer Olympics


text:
Pathognomonic

Pathognomonic (rare synonym pathognomic ) is a term, often used in medicine, that means "characteristic for a particular disease". A pathognomonic sign is a particular sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any doubt. Labelling a sign or symptom "pathognomonic" represents a marked intensification of a "diagnostic" sign or symptom.

The word is an adjective of Greek origin derived from πάθος pathos 'disease' and γνώμων gnomon 'indicator' (from γιγνώσκω gignosko 'I know, I recognize').

Practical use
While some findings may be classic, typical or highly suggestive in a certain condition, they may not occur uniquely in this condition and therefore may not directly imply a specific diagnosis. A pathognomonic sign or symptom has very high positive predictive value and high specificity but does not need to have high sensitivity: for example it can sometimes be absent in a certain disease, since the term only implies that, when it is present, the doctor instantly knows the patient's illness. The presence of a pathognomonic finding allows immediate diagnosis, since there are no other conditions in the differential diagnosis.

Singular pathognomonic signs are relatively uncommon. Examples of pathognomonic findings include Koplik's spots inside the mouth in measles, the palmar xanthomata seen on the hands of people suffering from hyperlipoproteinemia, Negri bodies within brain tissue infected with rabies, or a tetrad of rash, arthralgia, abdominal pain and kidney disease in a child with Henoch–Schönlein purpura, or succinylacetone for Tyrosinemia Type I.

As opposed to symptoms (reported subjectively by the patient and not measured) and signs (observed by the physician at the bedside on physical exam, without need for a report) a larger number of medical test results are pathognomonic. An example is the hypersegmented neutrophil, which is seen only in megaloblastic anemias (not a single disease, but a set of closely related disease states). More often a test result is "pathognomonic" only because there has been a consensus to define the disease state in terms of the test result (such as diabetes mellitus being defined in terms of chronic fasting blood glucose levels).

In contrast, a test with very high sensitivity rarely misses a condition, so a negative result should be reassuring (the disease tested for is absent). A sign or symptom with very high sensitivity is often termed sine qua non. An example of such test is a genetic test to find an underlying mutation in certain types of hereditary colon cancer.

title: Pathognomonic


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Sunshine rail disaster

The Sunshine rail disaster occurred on 20 April 1908 at the junction at Sunshine railway station (in Sunshine, Victoria, Australia) when a Melbourne-bound train from Bendigo collided with the rear of a train from Ballarat. 44 people were killed and over 400 injured, almost all of them from the Ballarat train, as the Bendigo train was cushioned by its two locomotives.

A temporary mortuary was set up at Melbourne's Spencer Street Station to deal with the dead and wounded, who were transported from Sunshine by special relief trains. The disaster is Victoria's worst railway accident in terms of deaths, and is Australia's second-worst after the 1977 Granville rail disaster.

The subsequent coronial inquiry found that the two drivers of the Bendigo train as well as the Sunshine stationmaster had a manslaughter case to answer, although all three were later acquitted by the Supreme Court of Victoria.

Crash

At 6:30 p.m. and 7:15p.m. on 20 April, two heavily loaded passenger trains left the regional cities of Ballarat and Bendigo respectively. 20 April was an Easter Monday and therefore the end of a long weekend in Victoria. Fine weather had encouraged large numbers of people to leave Melbourne by train on the Saturday, and many were returning on the Monday evening. As a result, both trains were crowded, and the Ballarat train had been extended beyond its normal length.

The Ballarat train was drawn by two locomotives – AA 534 and 'Old A' 202, and consisted of a post van, guard's van and 11 passenger carriages. The Bendigo train was drawn by AA 564 and AA 544, and consisted of a post van, horse box, 6 passenger carriages and a guard's van.

The Ballarat train reached Sunshine at 10:47pm, 43 minutes behind schedule, and, because of the extra carriages, was too long for the platform at Sunshine. The driver allowed passengers at the front of the train to disembark, then moved the train forward so the rear carriages were at the platform.

The Bendigo train was also running late, and its driver, Leonard "Hell-fire Jack" Milburn – a nickname which his colleagues later denied had any connection to recklessness or speed – was under instructions to operate the train as an express unless passengers needed to alight.

The Ballarat and Bendigo lines were both controlled by absolute block signalling from the Sunshine signalbox. At Sydenham, the preceding signalbox on the Bendigo line, Milburn was given a "line clear" signal, because the Sunshine signaller had indicated the line was clear up to and through the station. The distant signal, 970 yards from the point of impact, and the home signal, 283 yards from the point of impact, were set at danger.

Milburn stated the following day that when he sighted the distant signal set to danger, he applied the brakes, but they did not have any effect. He subsequently set the locomotive in reverse and applied as much power as possible in an attempt to slow the train.

As the Ballarat train began to move away from Sunshine, it was struck by the Bendigo train. The impact destroyed the guard's van and four rearmost carriages of the Ballarat train, but only caused minor damage to the front of the Bendigo locomotive. Debris from the collision was thrown across both tracks and platforms of the station.

Aftermath
Immediately after the crash, lighting gas escaping from the damaged carriages caused a fire, which was extinguished by bystanders and the volunteer Sunshine fire brigade. The fire delayed attempts to rescue injured passengers trapped inside the train. Rescue efforts were further hampered by the lack of available equipment such as axes or stretchers, which had to be sourced from areas surrounding the station.

Uninjured occupants of the two trains and railway officials (including the drivers and firemen of both trains) began to extricate others from the wreckage immediately after the crash. In addition, a number of local residents who had seen or heard the accident ran to the station to assist with the rescue efforts.

Immediately after news of the crash reached Melbourne, railway officials began organising a relief train to carry supplies and rescue workers, as well as 4 doctors, to the scene of the crash. According to the Chair of the Railways Commissioners, Thomas Tait, the train left Spencer Street Station at 11:30p.m. and arrived at Sunshine at 12:17 a.m. Conflicting reports indicate that the train did not arrive until 12:45 a.m. or later, and Tait later denied that there had been undue delay in the response.

At 12:20a.m., the undamaged front section of the Ballarat train left Sunshine carrying survivors of the crash. A second casualty train departed at 2:10a.m. carrying 10 bodies as well as injured passengers requiring medical attention, and a third left at 3:35 with 22 bodies on board.

When casualty trains arrived at Spencer Street, most of the badly injured were taken to the Melbourne Hospital, while the dead were placed in waiting rooms for identification.

After all the bodies had been recovered from the wreckage at Sunshine, work began immediately to clear the railway line, and one line was reopened by 7:00 a.m. the morning after the accident. The Victorian Coroner visited the crash site through the morning of 22 April.

Coronial inquiry
The inquiry began in the following May and did not conclude until July. Conflicting evidence was given as to the adequacy of the brakes on the lead locomotive of the Bendigo train. It was given in evidence that a report had been made the previous January that the siting of the home signal (protecting a train standing at the platform) was poor. That report went on to say, however, that the starting signal (at the Melbourne end of the platform) could be seen further out.

The driver of the lead locomotive on the Bendigo train had been working for 12 hours and 25 minutes at the time of the accident. He stated that the brakes had been working satisfactorily as far as St. Albans, the prior station. He applied the brakes gently upon passing the distant signal; about 200 m from the Home signal, however, "the train shot me forward as though the brakes had come off" and "the train appeared to run into the engine". Realising that his train was not going to stop prior to reaching the Home signal, the driver put the locomotive into reverse and opened the steam regulator to apply as much power as possible.

Conjecture exists as to whether the Sunshine Stationmaster had acted in accordance with the regulations then in force in accepting the Bendigo train from Sydenham whilst the Ballarat train was standing at his station. He had 20 years of service, including 20 months at Sunshine, but was alone. He had been continuously on duty for 10 hours without relief prior to the accident. He had applied repeatedly, but in vain, for qualified assistance.

Result
The Coronial jury found that the drivers of both locomotives on the Bendigo train, together with the Stationmaster at Sunshine, had a case to answer. The charge of manslaughter against the stationmaster was later dropped; however, the drivers appeared before the Supreme Court from 24 September on that charge. The trial lasted two weeks.

In his summing up, the judge addressed the Court to the effect that the Crown case was that the driver of the lead locomotive had deliberately run past the distant signal at too great a pace and, expecting that the passage through the station would be clear, he found the home signal at danger and a train at the platform too late to stop clear. The judge concluded, however, that not one word of aspersion on a man's character had been suggested. The jury agreed with the judge's view and brought in a verdict of not guilty for both drivers of the Bendigo train.

Compensation
The Victorian Railways Commissioners admitted liability and paid claims aggregating £125,000 by way of compensation. In addition, there was another £50,000 damage to rolling stock and tracks, plus the costs of the inquest and subsequent legal proceedings, which were borne by the State.

title: Sunshine rail disaster


text:
Francine Lalonde

Francine Lalonde (August 24, 1940 – January 17, 2014) was a Canadian politician who served on both the provincial and federal levels. Prior to being elected, she was a lecturer, teacher, and unionist.

She was minister responsible for the status of women in the Lévesque government from January 16, 1985, until June 5, 1985. She resigned following her defeat to Robert Bourassa in the by-election of June 3, 1985, in the electoral district of Bertrand, failing to win a seat in the National Assembly of Quebec.

She was a Bloc Québécois member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the districts of La Pointe-de-l'Île from 2004 election to 2011, and Mercier from the 1993 election to 2004. She has in the past been the Bloc's critic of Human Resources Development and of Industry, and of Foreign Affairs.

In June 2005, Lalonde introduced in Parliament a private Bill C-407 that would have legalized assisted suicide in Canada. Re-elected in January 2006, she promised to reintroduce her bill to legalize assisted suicide.

On September 13, 2010, Lalonde announced she would not be a candidate for re-election following the expiration of her current mandate "because of the re-emergence of my cancer and the need to pursue new treatments". She died of cancer on January 17, 2014.

title: Francine Lalonde


text:
Category talk:Hiking and tramping tracks in New Zealand

Untitled
I feel that this page sould be moved to a category named "Tramping tracks in New Zealand". Hiking and tramping are synonyms and tramping should be used to reflect the NZ use of the word. Alan Liefting 01:24, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text: Category:Music of North America

title: Category:Music of North America


text:
Ferberite

Ferberite is the iron endmember of the manganese–iron wolframite solid solution series. The manganese endmember is hübnerite. Ferberite is a black monoclinic mineral composed of iron(II) tungstate, FeWO4.

Ferberite and hübnerite often contain both divalent cations of iron and manganese, with wolframite as the intermediate species for which the solid solution series is named.

Ferberite occurs as granular masses and as slender prismatic crystals. It has a Mohs hardness of 4.5 and a specific gravity of 7.4 to 7.5. Ferberite typically occurs in pegmatites, granitic greisens, and high temperature hydrothermal deposits. It is a minor ore of tungsten.

Ferberite was discovered in 1863 in Sierra Almagrera, Spain, and named after the German mineralogist Moritz Rudolph Ferber (1805–1875).

title: Ferberite


text:
Nouveau réalisme

Nouveau réalisme (French for "new realism") is an artistic movement founded in 1960 by the art critic Pierre Restany and the painter Yves Klein during the first collective exposition in the Apollinaire gallery in Milan. Pierre Restany wrote the original manifesto for the group, titled the "Constitutive Declaration of New Realism," in April 1960, proclaiming, "Nouveau Réalisme—new ways of perceiving the real." This joint declaration was signed on 27 October 1960, in Yves Klein's workshop, by nine people: Yves Klein, Arman, Martial Raysse, Pierre Restany, Daniel Spoerri, Jean Tinguely and the Ultra-Lettrists, Francois Dufrêne, Raymond Hains, Jacques de la Villeglé; in 1961 these were joined by César, Mimmo Rotella, then Niki de Saint Phalle and Gérard Deschamps. The artist Christo showed with the group. It was dissolved in 1970.

Contemporary with American pop art, and often conceived as its transposition in France, new realism was, along with Fluxus and other groups, one of the numerous tendencies of the avant-garde in the 1960s. The group initially chose Nice, on the French Riviera, as its home base since Klein and Arman both originated there; new realism is thus often retrospectively considered by historians to be an early representative of the École de Nice movement.

1940s and 1950s
The painter Jean Milhau coined the term “new realism” in the journal Arts de France, which was close to the French Communist Party, and defined this young movement in 1948: “A current is emerging which, without denying the achievements of modern culture and technology, denies the primacy of formal research, advocates a return to objective reality and to the subject, and emphasizes the social content of all reality". André Fougeron really launched the movement with Les Parisiennes au Marché, exhibited at the Salon d'Automne in 1948. Painters like Boris Taslitzky, Jean Milhau, Jean Vénitien and Mireille Miailhe were also at its origin in France while Renato Guttuso, the "Italian Fougeron", was considered to be "at the origin of the new Italian realism", with his works on Sicilian peasants such as The Occupation of Waste Land in Sicily (1949) and Gabriele Mucchi with his painting La Terre representing a barefoot peasant holding earth in his hands, also reproduced in the magazine Arts de France as a painting representing the movement. The new realism movement of the 50s eventually fell out of favour with the PCF and most artists associated with it soon changed their styles accordingly.

1960s
The term new realism was again used in May 1960 by Pierre Restany, to describe the works of Omiros, Arman, François Dufrêne, Raymond Hains, Yves Klein, Jean Tinguely and Jacques Villeglé as they exhibited their work in Milan. He had discussed this term before with Yves Klein (who died prematurely in 1962), who preferred the expression "today's realism" (réalisme d'aujourd'hui) and criticized the term "New". After the first "Manifesto of New Realism", a second manifesto, titled "40° above Dada" (40° au-dessus de Dada) was written between 17 May and 10 June 1961. César, Mimmo Rotella, Niki de Saint-Phalle (then practicing "shooting paintings") Omiros with his "free space" and Gérard Deschamps then joined the movement, followed by Christo in 1963. Klein, however, started to distance himself from the group around 1961, disliking Restany's insistence on a Dadaist heritage.

The first exposition of the nouveaux réalistes took place in November 1960 at the Paris "Festival d'avant-garde". This exposition was followed by others: in May 1961 at the Gallery J. in Paris; Premier Festival du Nouveau Réalisme in Nice from July til September 1961 at the Muratore Gallery and the Abbaye de Roseland; International Exhibition of the New Realists, a survey of contemporary American pop art and the Nouveau Réalisme movement at the Sidney Janis Gallery in New York at the end of 1962; and at the Biennale of San Marino in 1963 (which would be the last collective show by the group). The movement had difficulty maintaining a cohesive program after the death of Yves Klein in June, 1962 and when Omiros abandoned it and decided to go in his own path experimenting with perspective and space.

Ideas and techniques
The members of the nouveaux réalistes group tended to see the world as an image from which they could take parts and incorporate them into their works—as they sought to bring life and art closer together. They declared that they had come together on the basis of a new and real awareness of their "collective singularity", meaning that they were together in spite of, or perhaps because of, their differences. But for all the diversity of their plastic language, they perceived a common basis for their work; this being a method of direct appropriation of reality, equivalent, in the terms used by Pierre Restany, to a "poetic recycling of urban, industrial and advertising reality". Artists of Nouveau Réalisme sought out to strip art of previously thought standards that art had to mean something, they could take any object beyond its preconceived notions and present it as itself, and thought it could still be considered art. Many of them also sought to break down the glamorization of artists producing their craft in private, and due to this, often art pieces were produced in public.

Thus the nouveaux réalistes advocated a return to "reality" in opposition to the lyricism of abstract painting. They also wanted to avoid what they saw as the traps of figurative art, which was seen as either petty-bourgeois or as Stalinist socialist realism. Hence the Nouveau Réalistes used exterior objects to give an account of the reality of their time. They were the inventor of the décollage technique (the opposite of collages), in particular through the use of lacerated posters—a technique mastered by François Dufrene, Jacques Villeglé, Mimmo Rotella and Raymond Hains. Often these artists worked collaboratively and it was their intention to present their artworks in the city of Paris anonymously.

Nouveau réalistes made extensive use of collage and assemblage, using real objects incorporated directly into the work and acknowledging a debt to the readymades of Marcel Duchamp. But the New Realism movement has often been compared to the pop art movement in New York for their use and critique of mass-produced commercial objects (Villeglé's ripped cinema posters, Arman's collections of detritus and trash), although Nouveau Réalisme maintained closer ties with Dada than with pop art.

The new realists in architecture
"The new realists" is also a term applied to a group of Australian architects determined to create a "New Realism" in architecture, based on the understanding of past developments in the discipline of architecture and modern day explorations of new technologies in the fields of design and building technology.

The new realists
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Analyse critique
Les artistes reprennent les objets de la société pour en faire des reliques, des symboles puissants de la consommation.

Exemple : Les compressions de César qui mettent en scène des automobiles, le but étant de transformer un objet culte de notre société et d’en faire quelque chose d'autre, à travers ses formes géométriques, l’œuvre sent la conception par l’intermédiaire d’une machine, c’est la disparition de l’habileté manuelle qui était à l’époque un facteur important dans la reconnaissance de la valeur d’un artiste.

On constate également la disparition du matériau noble, les nouveaux réalistes n’utilisent plus de bronze, de pierre, mais de la tôle ou du ciment, des matériaux industriels.

 * "L’école niçoise veut nous apprendre la beauté du quotidien. Faire du consommateur un producteur d’art. Une fois qu'un être s'est intégré dans cette vision, il est très riche, pour toujours. Ces artistes veulent s'approprier le monde pour vous le donner. A vous de les accueillir ou de les rejeter."

L'objet comme matériau
L’accumulation d’Arman, est un agglomérat de voitures de marque Renault, chez qui il est directement allé travailler pour trouver sa matière première.

Son œuvre n’a pas d’utilité particulière mais il veut surtout le mouvement et la couleur, on ne retient plus que les effets plastiques.

Le matériel n’est pas détourné, il est utilisé pour travailler un mouvement et devient matériau. Une autre manière de transformer un matériel en matériau selon César, c’est sa mousse de polyuréthane, c’est un matériau presque vivant qui échappe au contrôle de l’artiste, la matière se fixe ses propres limites, et l’œuvre devient indépendante du projet plastique.

Gérard Deschamps, lui, assemble des chiffons, des sous-vêtements feminins (ce qui lui vaudra d'être censuré à de nombreuses reprises) ou expose des bâches de signalisation de l'armée américaine, des plaques de blindage, des tôles irisées par la chaleur, des patchworks, des ballons dans des boîtes en plexiglas ou dans des filets, des skateboards, des "pneumostructures" faites de bouées ou de matelas pneumatiques..et des voiles de planches....a voiles.

L’objet comme rebut
L’œuvre de Daniel Spoerri rend compte de la société de consommation qui mange, il se sert dans les poubelles de ses voisins, de ses congénères. Il s’agit du détournement d’un moment important de la journée, qui est figé et réinvesti dans l’art. La résine est affichée contre le mur comme une toile.

Il a la volonté de fixer le temps d’un moment sensé être agréable alors que la société veut de plus en plus nous le marchandiser, et nous presser. Le repas n’est plus le moment convivial qu’il était avant, il devient la nouvelle cible des grosses sociétés de consommation, on se retrouve presque dans une succursale d’une enseigne de la restauration rapide alors que l’on est chez soi. Faire vite, faire simple, peu importe que ce soit vraiment bon. Il faut faire vite, se nourrir, manger, boulimiquement, pour se remplir, Spoerri met ici l’accent sur la nécessité d’un retour aux sources, et d’une société de consommation qui influencerait moins de ses codes, et qui submergerait moins de ses produits, la société actuelle.

Renvoyant à l'univers de la publicité et de la société de consommation, les affiches, décollées, superposées, lacérées, inspirent Jacques Villeglé, Raymond Hains et François Dufrêne ainsi que Mimmo Rotella, qui suit un itinéraire parallèle mais distinct.

Les "Actions-spectacles"
Il s'agit de ce qu'on appelera plus tard des "performances" où l'œuvre d'art se construit (ou se détruit) devant le public. L'un des exemples les plus connus sont les anthropométries d'Yves Klein où ce dernier enduit de jeunes femmes dénudées de peinture et leur commande de se rouler sur une toile blanche, crant ainsi la trace visuelle de leurs mouvements.-->

title: Nouveau réalisme


text:
Mercier, Quebec

Mercier is a suburban town in southwestern Quebec, Canada, in the Roussillon Regional County Municipality. It is located on the Châteauguay River, southwest of Montreal. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 14,626.

History
Officially founded in 1855, Mercier was formerly called Sainte-Philomène. The name was changed in 1968 in order to pay homage to the former Premier of Quebec, Honoré Mercier, who served from 1887 to 1891. The name change is also due to the proximity to the Honoré Mercier Bridge and also aims to give the city a name that is more marketable and less unpleasant in English.

Moreover, the worship dedicated to Philomena was increasingly uncertain and had survived thanks to the devotion with which it was surrounded in the 19th century. This last reason precipitated the decision to change the name of the city.

The first municipal council was formed in Sainte-Philomène in 1845 and sat, in accordance with the law, for two years, the first mayor of which was Antoine Couillard (1845-1846).

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Mercier had a population of $14,626$ living in $5,398$ of its $5,472$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $13,115$. With a land area of 45.96 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Transportation
The CIT du Haut-Saint-Laurent provides commuter and local bus services.

title: Mercier, Quebec


text:
Mercier

Mercier is French for notions dealer or haberdasher, and may refer to:

People

 * Agnès Mercier, French curler and coach
 * Annick Mercier (born 1964), French curler
 * Amanda H. Mercier (born 1975), American Judge
 * Armand Mercier, (1933–2012) former Mayor and City Councilor of Lowell, Massachusetts
 * Andrew Mercier, Canadian politician
 * Auguste Mercier, French general involved in the Dreyfus Affair
 * Claudine Mercier (born 1961), Canadian comedian, singer, actress and impressionist
 * Désiré-Joseph Mercier (1851–1926) Belgian cardinal
 * Émile Mercier (archer), French archer and Olympian
 * Emile Mercier (cartoonist) (1901–1981), Australian cartoonist
 * Gerry Mercier (born 1941), Canadian politician and judge
 * Honoré Mercier (1840–1894), Canadian politician
 * Isabelle Mercier (born 1975), Canadian poker player
 * Jason Mercier, American poker player
 * Juan Ignacio Mercier, Argentinian footballer
 * Laura Mercier, French cosmetician and name of cosmetics line
 * Lewis Page Mercier, or Louis Mercier, an English translator of Jules Verne's novels
 * Lizzy Mercier Descloux (1956–2004), French musician, actress, writer and painter
 * Louis-Sébastien Mercier (1740–1814), French writer
 * Michel Mercier, contemporary French politician
 * Michèle Mercier, French actress
 * Pascal Mercier, pseudonym of Swiss writer and philosopher Peter Bieri (born 1944)
 * Paul Mercier (actor), an American voice actor and director
 * Paul Mercier (Bloc Québécois MP) (1924–2013), Canadian Member of Parliament
 * Paul Mercier (Liberal MP) (1888–1943), Canadian Member of Parliament
 * Philippe Mercier, French painter
 * Pierre Mercier (footballer) (born 1982), Haitian international footballer
 * Sheila Mercier (1919–2019), English actress
 * Thierry Mercier (born 1967), French curler and coach
 * Vivian Mercier (1919–1989), Irish critic

Canada

 * Mercier, Quebec, a South Shore suburb of Montreal
 * Mercier, Montreal, a former district in Montreal, and former municipality on Montreal Island
 * Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, a borough of Montreal
 * Mercier-Est (Mercier East), a district in the borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, Montreal
 * Mercier-Ouest (Mercier West), a district in the borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, Montreal
 * Honoré-Mercier (federal electoral district), a federal electoral district, Quebec
 * Mercier (federal electoral district), a former federal electoral district, Quebec
 * Mercier (provincial electoral district), a Quebec provincial electoral district

United States

 * Mercier, Kansas, an unincorporated community

Other

 * Mercier (cycling team), French professional cycling team
 * Honoré Mercier Bridge, Quebec, Canada
 * Mercier Press, Cork, Ireland
 * Champagne Mercier, the French champagne producer

title: Mercier


text:
User talk:Noetica

Today's Wikipedian 10 years ago
--Gerda Arendt (talk) 05:06, 27 April 2019 (UTC)

Math
Hindi 157.42.230.148 (talk) 14:32, 20 December 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Noetica


text:
Finlay Mickel

Finlay Mickel (born 6 December 1977) is a Scottish skiing coach and former downhill skier who competed in World Cup competitions 2000–2009 and the 2006 Winter Olympics.

Downhill skier
Mickel was born on 6 December 1977 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was educated at Stewart's Melville College. He first appeared in the World Cup in Lake Louise, Canada in November 2000. His best result in the World Cup was 10th in the Wengen downhill event in Switzerland, in January 2006.

On 5 February 2005, he finished eleventh in the Men's Downhill event at the World Championships held in Bormio, Italy. This was the best result by a British man in the history of the World Championships, and the best in any major competition since Martin Bell finished eighth in the downhill at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary.

In the Olympic Games in Turin in 2006 he finished 25th in the downhill event and 22nd in the super G event.

Injuries and retirement
Mickel sustained several injuries during his career including a fractured left ankle, a ruptured right Achilles tendon, a right ankle fracture, and a fracture to his right tibia plateau. Although he recovered from each of these setbacks, after being a member of the British Alpine ski team for 12 years, he announced his retirement from the sport in May 2009 at the age of 31.

He took up a coaching position with the Scottish Alpine Team.

title: Finlay Mickel


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Harold Buchwald

Harold Buchwald, (February 22, 1928 – April 17, 2008) was a Jewish-Canadian lawyer.

He was involved in various royal commissions on tax reform legislation and has lectured on corporation law and consumer protection.

Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba to a Jewish family, the son of Frank Buchwald and Bessie Portigal, he received a BA in 1948, an LL.B in 1952, an LL.M in 1957, and an honorary LL.D in 1994 all from the University of Manitoba. He was admitted to the Manitoba Bar in 1952.

In 1965 he formed the firm Buchwald Henteleff with Yude Henteleff. His firm later merged with several other firms and is now known as Pitblado LLP.

He was the director emeritus of the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra.

He was a member of the board of directors of the Jewish Foundation of Manitoba.

In 1993 he was made a Member of the Order of Canada.

He was married to Darlene [Dee] Besbeck, and they had two sons: Jeffrey Joshua and Richard Dan. He also had grandchildren and many great-nieces and nephews.

title: Harold Buchwald