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Roger Bart

Roger Bart (born September 29, 1962) is an American actor and singer. He won a Tony Award and a Drama Desk Award for his performance as Snoopy in the 1999 revival of You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown.

Bart received his second Tony Award nomination for playing Carmen Ghia in the original production of The Producers and his third for his performance as "Doc" Brown in Back to the Future: The Musical. His other accolades include a SAG Award and three Outer Critics Circle Award nominations. In 2007, he began a three-year stint as Frederick Frankenstein in the Broadway and touring production of Young Frankenstein.

Bart performed the song "Go the Distance" from the 1997 animated film Hercules, which was nominated for an Oscar and a Golden Globe.

Early life and education
Bart was born in Norwalk, Connecticut, the son of a teacher and a chemical engineer, and grew up in Bernardsville, New Jersey. His uncle is journalist Peter Bart. He graduated from Bernards High School in 1980 and was later inducted into the school's hall of fame.

He earned his BFA in Acting from Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey in 1985.

Bart was close friends with Jonathan Larson: both worked as waiters between theater jobs and frequently hung out at each other's workplaces. He participated in early presentations of Larson's work including Tick, Tick... Boom! and Rent; the main character "Roger" from Rent is named after him.

Career
He made his Broadway debut in Big River as Tom Sawyer in 1985. Additional theatre credits include Jonathan in the Alan Menken/Tim Rice musical King David, Harlequin in Triumph of Love, Snoopy in the Broadway revival of You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown (for which he won the Drama Desk Award and a Tony), Carmen Ghia and later Leo Bloom in The Producers (earning Drama Desk and Tony nominations), and The Frogs at Lincoln Center, which reunited him with fellow Producers star Nathan Lane and Susan Stroman.

In 1996 and 1997, Bart appeared as Bud Frump in the USA national tour of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying.

On television, Bart played George Carlin's son on The George Carlin Show (1994), and on Bram & Alice (2002) he portrayed Bram's assistant, Paul Newman. He became widely known to viewers with his portrayal of George Williams, the unhinged homicidal pharmacist in love with Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), on Desperate Housewives, which earned him a SAG Award.

Bart provided the singing voice for teenage Hercules in Disney's Hercules, as well as the singing voice of Scamp in Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure. He was featured in the 2004 remake of The Stepford Wives with Nicole Kidman, Matthew Broderick, Bette Midler, Christopher Walken and Glenn Close, and in The Producers (2005), in which he reprised his role of "common-law assistant" Carmen Ghia.

In December 2006, Bart played Howard "The Weasel" Montague in the Sci Fi Channel miniseries The Lost Room. In 2007, he starred as Stuart in Hostel: Part II, the sequel to 2005's Hostel, and had supporting roles in American Gangster and Spy School. In 2008, he appeared in Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay, the sequel to 2004's Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle, and The Midnight Meat Train.

Bart also originated the lead role of Dr. Frederick Frankenstein in the musical adaptation of Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein, which opened on Broadway in November 2007, following a run in Seattle. He reprised the role alongside former Broadway co-stars Shuler Hensley and Cory English in the United States national tour that launched in September 2009. He ended his run on August 8, 2010, and was succeeded by Christopher Ryan. Bart originally portrayed the role of Igor in the original workshop read-through.

Brad Oscar and Bart reprised their roles as Max Bialystock and Leo Bloom, respectively, in a production of The Producers at Starlight Theatre in Kansas City, Missouri. The show ran from August 23–29, 2010.

In 2011, Bart was cast in the recurring role of Mason Treadwell on the ABC drama series Revenge.

In 2013, Bart was cast in the recurring role of Roger Riskin on the Showtime drama series Episodes.

Bart was originally set to play the dual role of Charles Frohman and Captain James Hook in the 2014 A.R.T. pre-Broadway production of Finding Neverland. He was ultimately replaced by Michael McGrath.

In 2016, Bart returned to Broadway in the musical Disaster!

In 2017, Bart was cast in the recurring role of Vice Principal Nero on the second season of the Netflix comedy-drama series A Series of Unfortunate Events.

In 2018, Bart was cast in the main role of Judge Wilson on the Freeform drama series Good Trouble, the spin-off of The Fosters.

In 2019, Bart was cast as Hades in the world premiere of Disney's musical, Hercules. That same year, he was announced to play Dr. Emmett Brown in the musical adaptation of Back to the Future. After playing the role at the Manchester Opera House and West End's Adelphi Theatre, he reprised the part in the Broadway production.

In 2021, Bart cameoed in the film adaptation of Tick, Tick... Boom!, 30 years after performing in the original show with Jonathan Larson. A character in the film played by Joshua Henry is named "Roger" after him, and is loosely inspired by Bart.

title: Roger Bart


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Racing shell

In watercraft, a racing shell (also referred to as a fine boat (UK) or simply a shell) is an extremely narrow, and often comparatively long, rowing boat specifically designed for racing or exercise. It is equipped with long oars, outriggers to hold the oarlocks away from the boat, and sliding seats. The boat's long length and semicircular cross-section reduce drag to a minimum. This makes the boat both fast and unstable. It must be balanced by the rowers to avoid tipping. Being able to balance – or "set" – the boat while putting maximum effort into the oars is therefore an essential skill of sport rowing.

History
The racing shell evolved from the simple working rowboat. Boats with longer hulls and narrower in beam were developed in the early 19th century specifically for team racing. These dedicated boats were the first boats that could be called racing shells, and they evolved into the highly specialized forms used today.

Riggers
A narrower boat provides a sharper angle to the bow and a smaller cross-sectional area reducing drag and wave drag, and avoiding hull speed limitations at race speed. The first racing shells, while narrower than working rowboats, were limited by the width necessary to mount the oarlocks on the boat's sides ("gunwales"). By attaching outriggers to the gunwales, the oarlocks could be placed farther out. This resulted in two things: oars got much longer, providing more length to the strokes, and hulls got narrower until they were as narrow as possible while still retaining sufficient buoyancy and balance.

Materials
Originally made from lapstrake wood, shells are now almost always made from a composite material for strength and weight advantages. The first composite shells were made from a form of papier-mâché and became popular in the 1870s. These paper shells were sold world-wide by the Waters Paper Boat Factory of Troy, New York. The next evolution of rowing shells were mainly created from thin plywood sandwiching a cardboard honeycomb structure with a fiberglass outer hull. Modern shells are usually made of carbon-fibre reinforced plastic in a honeycomb structure. They are manufactured by either cold laying up of the carbon, which is then left to set, or by using heat curing, which ensures that the carbon fibre composite is properly set. The best shells are characterized by their "stiffness", as the lack of flexing means none of the force exerted by the rower is wasted in twisting the boat.

Sliding seats
A rower on a fixed seat is limited in the amount of power they can apply to the oars by the strength in their upper body and the distance they can pull the oars on each stroke. After riggers were added to the shell allowing the use of longer oars, rowers took advantage by taking longer strokes and using their legs during the stroke. At first, the athletes wore trousers with wear resistant leather bottoms covered in grease and the shells had concave, longitudinal seats. The athletes could then use their legs to slide along the seat, adding the power of their legs and letting them greatly lengthen the stroke. This eventually led to the modern sliding seat, mounted on rollers, commonly called the slide in the rowing community, which allows nearly frictionless movement of the rower's body. Rolling seats were introduced around the year 1880. They differed from modern seats in that ball bearings were not available. Several inventors produced designs which avoided the friction which would result from use of a simple axle and bushing design. Patents were granted to Octavius Hicks (1880), George Warin (1882), and Michael F. Davis (1882). Hicks, of Etobicoke, was a boat builder, hotelier, road and bridge contractor. Warin, of Toronto, a boat builder and famous decoy maker, was coach to world rowing champion Ned Hanlan. With the advent of the sliding seat, Hanlan was able to greatly outperform his English and American counterparts. The Davis seat used rollers in a race similar to a ball bearing.

Sliding rigger
The same advantages may be obtained by fixing the seat and mounting the outriggers on rollers. Now the athlete's body mass remains stationary and the boat doesn't pitch bow to stern nearly as much. This improves the boat speed significantly. The disadvantage is that this arrangement may result in blisters on one's buttocks and in the risk of sliding off one's seat when exerting too much explosive force at the beginning of a race . In April 1877 Michael Davis of Portland Maine applied for a patent for a sliding rigger/foot-board with fixed seat. In 1981, the German Peter-Michael Kolbe won the FISA World Championship using a sliding rigger. In August 1983 FISA banned the use of the sliding-rigger, presumably because it was thought to be more costly than sliding-seat boats.

Boat classification
There are a large number of different types of racing shells. They are classified using:

 * Number of rowers. In all forms of modern competition the number of rowers can be 1, 2, 4, or 8. In the 19th century, there were often races with 6, 10 and 12 rowers per boat.
 * Position of coxswain. Boats are either coxless, bow-coxed (also called bowloaders), or stern-coxed. In coxless ("straight") boats, a steersman is responsible for steering by either use of a mechanism connecting one of his shoes by wire to the rudder—the swiveling of the shoe turns the rudder, or by using a hand controlled string, called a tiller rope, which is parallel to the gunwales or the boat, and controls the rudder in a similar fashion. Singles and doubles do not employ a rudder in competition; the oarsmen steer by increasing or decreasing pressure or length on one scull or the other.  In competition, bow- and stern-coxed boats may race one another.
 * Type of rowing. The rower(s) may each hold one oar (sweep rowing) or two oars (sculling). The shell then has one rigger or two riggers per rower.

Although sculling and sweep boats are generally identical to each other (except having different riggers), they are referred to using different names:
 * Sweep: straight pair (2-), coxed pair (2+), straight four (4-), coxed four (4+), eight (8+) (always coxed)
 * Sculling: single (1x), double (2x), straight quad (4x); also, but not in world-class competition, coxed quad (4x+), and octuple (8x+)

Steering
Single, and double sculls are usually steered by the scullers pulling harder on one side or the other. In other boats, there is a rudder, controlled by the coxswain, if present, or by one of the crew. In the latter case, the rudder cable is attached to the toe of one of his shoes which can pivot about the ball of the foot, moving the cable left or right. The bowman may steer since he has the best vision when looking over his shoulder. On straighter courses, the strokesman may steer, since he can point the stern of the boat at some landmark at the start of the course. On international courses, landmarks for the steersmen, consisting of two aligned poles, may be provided.

Damage
The most commonly damaged piece of rowing equipment is the skeg, which is a metal or plastic fin that extends from the bottom of the boat to help maintain stability and to assist in steering. This protrusion renders the skeg vulnerable to damage, but it is relatively easy to replace one by gluing in a new one. Hull damage is also a concern both for maintaining equipment and for rower safety. Hull damage can be caused by submerged logs, poor strapping to trailers, and collisions with other boats, docks, rocks, etc.

Storage

Racing boats are stored in boat houses. These are specially designed storage areas which usually consist of a long two-story building with a large door at one end which leads out to a pontoon or slipway on the river or lakeside. The boats are stored on racks (horizontal bars, usually metal) on the ground floor. Oars, riggers, and other equipment is stored around the boats, and there may be a workshop alongside or behind the storage areas. Boat houses are typically associated with rowing clubs and often include some social facilities on the upper floor: a cafe, bar, or gym, in addition to changing areas for the rowers.

Manufacturers
There are numerous companies worldwide producing a spectrum of boats for all levels of the sport including Empacher, Filippi, Hudson, Stämpfli, Wintech, and Vespoli which are renowned racing shell manufacturers.

Transportation
Boats are conveyed to competitions on special trailers accommodating up to 20 boats.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Racing shell


text:
Talk:Pakistan People's Party

name
One problem is that the official name of the party does not have an apostrophe after "people". —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 19:52, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, it was the first thing I noticed when I saw the article. I will move the page to Pakistan Peoples Party and have the links point there. Hulleye 07:51, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Ok, done... and i think i didn't leave any double redirects behind. Anyone wanna try and confirm that? Hulleye 08:15, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * So now we know that "The Pakistan People's Party (PPP) is a mainstream political party in Pakistan." But what do they stand for? What are their ideals? Are they right wingers of left wingers?

That could actually be interesting. pplm,llxlaqdav,sefsfed dbCaSsevdcsfvs,fdssdvdfsvsvdls<svdvds,vsd dvVD vds<dvs svd mv,dsmzmsvdVDSDVdv,DV:Dsvmdbx, dvsd zsvd dv f dvz svd sdvsdv d  vdsmvsmdvsdm ,sammfsasdvssvfVFmegvdsfevsd vdvdSSVDVsvmsd vdsmvd  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:302:D18A:88C0:1C9F:DBF6:81ED:655F (talk) 16:04, 8 April 2017 (UTC)

Neutrality
Comparison with other parties has no citations. 222.225.2.39 16:31, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

Sourcing
Apple Pie, I think it's great that you're from Pakistan and, if so, you could be a very valuable asset to Wikipedia; we don't have a lot of folks from that part of the world editing, and can certainly use more. However, when you insert statements into articles, especially when they are potentially controversial or derogatory, you must, must, must have a source to back you up. If you are so familiar with Pakistan, you ought to be able to come up with a source critical of the PPP. I honestly hope you find one and post something here. I will even help you find one, if one is out there, if you want help. Sound fair? IronDuke 00:11, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto Group)
The Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto Group) (PPP-SB) is mentioned in the following articles Ishaq Khan Khakwani Ghinwa Bhutto Shaheed Bhutto presumably refers to the founder of PPP Shaheed (martyr) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. Is PPP-SB a separate faction to PPP or should references to it redirect to this article? I see that Pakistan People's Party (S) did split away from the PPP and appears on List of political parties in Pakistan. In this article I have put Pakistan People's Party (S) under section: See also and PPP-SB might be put there if a separate article is warranted for it. --User:Brenont (talk) 19:29, 27 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Pakistan People's Party (Shaheed Bhutto) is a completly separate party. See, --Soman (talk) 10:27, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

cleanup and more info
This article is embarrassingly short. I would add more if I knew anything, but it needs to be cleaned up and expanded. --Alex Kozak (talk) 05:04, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Name in Urdu
The Urdu name of the party should be spelled out in the Roman alphabet as well as in the Urdu script. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 03:03, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

 * But the Urdu name itself (Pākistān Pīpalz Pārṭī) is just a transliteration of the English name. ― Ö S M A N (talk · contribs) 05:54, 3 February 2024 (UTC)

Material for expansion
from Ethnicity and Politics in Pakistan: --Soman (talk) 14:17, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
 * During the PPP government tenure employement of Sindhis in public sector jobs increased somewhat. However, many were purged from the positions during the rule of Pervez Musharraf.
 * PPP won an overwhelming majority in the 1977 election. However, it was defeated by the opposition Pakistan National Alliance in the non-Sindhi majority urban area of Sindh.
 * Ahead of the 1988 election, PPP and MQM an alliance based on a pragmatic need to avoid Sindhi-Mojahir confrontation. The alliance did not last long however.
 * MQM broke its alliance with PPP in 1990.
 * [Relating to PPP under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]: Leadership of PPP based in rural Sindh.

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Benazir Bhutto remained controversial leaders during their life times. However one sees and is impressed by the the courage of both Father and Daughter that they were able to captain the ship which was Pakistan through its most difficult periods. The rough seas of dismemberment of Pakistan and then the post Zia period was surely a daunting task for both the father and the daughter respectively. A country which in both eras was coming out of War one being the 1971 war and the other being the Afghan war against Russia. Only the Bhuttos could rightly steer this ship to its shores. The Bhuttos both ZA and Benazir were very strong fighters who had a lot of courage, dignity and super human endurance and also a sharp intellectual calibre unseen since the days of Jinnah. In the quagmire of half witted political and intellectual leaders the Bhuttos Shine out like a North Star in the Darkness of their respective eras. Surely a tonic for Pakistan. It is a pitty that Pakistan lost both of them to unnatural deaths. May the Allah the AlMighty rest their souls in Peace. Truly they were great leaders who followed the greatest of them all Jinnah. Such Faith and Character can only be seen when their is grace from the Lord of the worlds.

Alli Hhussain Mazari —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rojhan79 (talk • contribs) 22:26, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20120622181805/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Raja-Pervez-Ashraf-elected-new-PM-of-Pakistan/articleshow/14342856.cms to http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Raja-Pervez-Ashraf-elected-new-PM-of-Pakistan/articleshow/14342856.cms
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20120320194730/http://www.samaa.tv/newsdetail.aspx?ID=29257 to http://www.samaa.tv/newsdetail.aspx?ID=29257
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20101125062030/http://www.sixhour.com:80/bhutto_footprints_on%20nuclear_pakistan.htm to http://sixhour.com/bhutto_footprints_on%20nuclear_pakistan.htm
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20121025153841/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011%5C03%5C08%5Cstory_8-3-2011_pg12_3 to http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20131006193923/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011%5C12%5C10%5Cstory_10-12-2011_pg7_7 to http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011%5C12%5C10%5Cstory_10-12-2011_pg7_7

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 06:53, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

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POV issues
In this article, and most prominently in the ideology-related sections, it appears that some hard-left, POV-pushing editor has been given free reins. Look at this paragraph, for example:

''Since then, the Peoples Party has been a leading proponent of democratic socialism with mainstream agenda of social democracy, favouring the semi-secular and semi-Islamic socialist principles. Historically, the Peoples Party favoured the financially stable farmers, industrial labour unions and the middle class elements. The Peoples Party rejected far-left politics and ultra-leftism, supporting unregulated business and finance, laissez-faire capitalism, which caused it to cease being a socialist or social-democratic or even anywhere near the left-of-centre as its economic policies swung dramatically to the right-wing, embracing economic neoliberalism and unfettered capitalism and privatisation of publicly owned institutions, and favoured partial income taxes.''

To me, it looks like the first part of that was written by a neutral editor, while the last part was hijacked by a POV-pusher, lashing out against the PPP's alleged rightward shift. Mentioning a rightward shift is perfectly fine if that is indeed what has happened, but the wording of this paragraph, and others, is unacceptable. Adding an issues tag until this is fixed.

Μαρκος Δ (talk) 19:50, 18 December 2016 (UTC)

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Cynthia D. Ritchie
Greetings,

Wikipedia has an article Cynthia D. Ritchie, you are requested to update, expand, copy edit the article. Also you can help the same by adding the article to your watch list.

Bookku (talk) 18:26, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

Requested move 23 May 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Vpab15 (talk) 19:51, 31 May 2022 (UTC)

Pakistan Peoples Party → Pakistan People's Party – Grammatically correct punctuation, also apparently more popular in sources. — BarrelProof (talk) 17:27, 23 May 2022 (UTC) 13:01, 18 November 2007 DerHexer talk contribs block deleted page Talk:Pakistan People's Party (unnecessary redirect) 07:58, 19 October 2005 Hulleye talk contribs block moved page Talk:Pakistan People's Party to Talk:Pakistan Peoples Party (The official title of the PPP is Pakistan Peoples Party without the apostrophe.) There has also been an attempted cut-and-paste move to Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). But it appears that the more common name in English is as proposed, with the apostrophe (arguably in an ungrammatical place but that is irrelevant), and hopefully this will lead to stability. Andrewa (talk) 09:38, 31 May 2022 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion. Re: "arguably in an ungrammatical place but that is irrelevant" – how is that arguably ungrammatical? — BarrelProof (talk) 04:48, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. Showiecz (talk) 20:47, 23 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Support: Very messy. From the history of Talk:Pakistan People's Party

Urdu name
Could someone who speaks urdu add a romanized transliteration of the urdu name? It is strange that this is lacking after all these years! Vif12vf/Tiberius (talk) 18:35, 3 August 2022 (UTC)

Raja Liaqat Hayat - Publicity Secretary PPP 1972-1976 Karachi
Raja Liaqat Hayat, a prominent name during the PPP era of 70s. He was born in 1949, Jehlum, Pakistan. He did his early education in Karachi from Sindh Madras tul Islam School, then got his Degree in Applied Physics from DG science college Karachi.

His political journey started while working in a pharmaceutical company, where he became voice for the workers during an on going union trial in City court. There onwards, he become popular within local political scene and soon was called upon by an emerging political leader Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. After a brief meeting followed by a corner meeting in SITE area Karachi, Raja Liaqat Hayat formally accepted ZA Bhutto as his leader and joined Pakistan Peoples Party. He was known as one of the most dedicated and knowledgeable activist, due to his popularity he became close to Sattar Gabol ( Labour Minister ) & Abdullah Shah ( Law Minister ). During PPP first tenure of Government, Raja Liaqat Hayat was awarded the position of Publicity Secretary,  for his devotion & public relations. Aftermath of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto execution was so devastating for him, that he left politics for good and doing so left the country for 4 years. He came back in 1982 and joined a Publicity Agency, which later become the biggest Advertising Company of Pakistan Lead by  late Mr. S.H Hashmi. Raja liaqat Hayat in his later life was regarded as the pioneer of Advertising among his peers. He passed away peacefully on 11th July 2017. Leaving behind a Son, two Daughters and his beloved Wife. Mrbest1978 (talk) 22:17, 11 August 2022 (UTC)

Bilawal a promise
I have always been a nonpartisan. That said, Bilawal has recently showed enormous promise in a country which always had dearth of leadership. I hope and pray that he is able to reorganize PPP and make it once again a nationwide party. He appears to be a sound parliamentarian at such a young age. I hope he brings democracy within the party itself and ends its dynastic culture after his term as future PM of the country. He is very competent and is always well prepared for his role in the national and international affairs. I hope and pray that he becomes an examplry parliamentarian and ends the filthy culture of using unparliamentary language against opponents which is rampant for many years in our beloved country. Bilawal must understand that leadership means making sacrifices in personal life, living up to the public trust and putting the national interest far above the personal considerations. I hope Pakistan gets rid of hackneyed politicians and young people like Bilawal take the lead to take Pakistan towards a promising future. I must also admit that I had serious reservations when he was made PPP Chairperson after the assassination of BB. It is very encouraging to see that he has made enormous progress in recent years both as a politician and parliamentarian. 203.175.73.119 (talk) 17:27, 26 October 2022 (UTC)

پیپلز پارٹی مردہ باد 2404:3100:1407:BD1E:1:0:9434:DA7B (talk) 15:41, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

Adding "Islamic democracy" in the ideology part of "Infobox"
Hi since few days I've been trying to add an info I thought would be innocuous/uncontroversial, that of "Islamic democracy" in the "Ideology" part of the Infobox (you can see the recent "edit wars"). I quoted the source despite the fact that it's well known that the party has been favouring this ideology since its very foundation till today. But apparently a communist has a problem with this basic fact (probably the religious reference?) and somehow threatened a ban for me as I kept "pushing it". So I'm wondering if more neutral administrators could look into the matter as I'm myself too invested and now at risk. Thanks.
 * Semi-protection-unlocked.svg Not done: The page's protection level has changed since this request was placed. You should now be able to edit the page yourself. If you still seem to be unable to, please reopen the request with further details. ARandomName123 (talk)Ping me! 00:42, 3 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Hi I think I've been misunderstood : I know that I can edit as an anonymous account, but I've had an "edit war" with some moderator with apparently communist leanings who has a problem with any reference to religion, I presume, so I was wondering if a third party (that I'd like to be more neutral) could see if my edit was that controversial, especially as it was sourced and that Benazir Bhutto is found in the Wikipedia category "Islamic democracy activists", thanks. 2A02:A03F:64ED:2600:B167:7D27:1B08:1ED1 (talk) 18:39, 3 August 2023 (UTC)
 * In that case, can you please provide a reliable source to support this edit? Please keep in mind that this article is about the political party, not about the individual, as the editor who reverted your edits mentioned. ARandomName123 (talk)Ping me!  19:33, 3 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Hi copy pasting a previous comment as I had no response :
 * "(...) the late Benazir Bhutto is the one who defined the party's latest ideology (unlike her husband or now son), and her last book was literally about Islamic democracy (please refer to the said replies), also you can see references to Islamic democracy in the PPP's main article tons of times, and also on the PPP's official website, where we read :
 * "Islam is our Faith. Democracy is our Politics. Socialism is our Economy.
 * All Power to the People. Martyrdom Is Our Path."
 * http://pppdigital.org/about-ppp/
 * Thanks 2A02:A03F:64ED:2600:B167:7D27:1B08:1ED1 (talk) 17:52, 6 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. -Lemonaka  21:10, 3 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Hi as I said to the communist moderator in my replies, the late Benazir Bhutto is the one who defined the party's latest ideology (unlike her husband or now son), and her last book was literally about Islamic democracy (please refer to the said replies), also you can see references to Islamic democracy in the PPP's main article tons of times, and also on the PPP's official website, where we read :
 * "Islam is our Faith. Democracy is our Politics. Socialism is our Economy.
 * All Power to the People. Martyrdom Is Our Path."
 * About PPP – PPP Digital
 * As I said this was pretty uncontroversial until a communist moderator had a problem with any sort of religious referencing for quite obvious reasons.
 * Thanks. 2A02:A03F:64ED:2600:D1C9:8056:5089:9497 (talk) 05:59, 4 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. Also please be WP:CIVIL and WP:No personal attacks like name calling.  —  Paper9oll  (🔔 • 📝)  06:07, 4 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: To reiterate, consensus must be established before reactivating this request. Pinchme123 (talk) 05:11, 8 August 2023 (UTC)

Arrow
PPP's symbol is sword, not arrow. It is per ECP. Panam2014 (talk) 12:17, 8 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pakistan People's Party


text:
All Saints' Church, Childwall

All Saints' Church, is in Childwall, Liverpool, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is the only medieval church remaining in the Metropolitan borough of Liverpool. It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Liverpool, the archdeaconry of Liverpool and the deanery of Liverpool South – Childwall.

History
The chancel dates from the 14th century, and the south aisle and porch are probably from the 15th century. Additions were made in the 18th century. The tower and spire were demolished and rebuilt in 1810–11, after the fatal collapse of the spire at Our Lady and Saint Nicholas led to concerns about the safety of other old spires. The new tower and spire were essentially identical to the old, but a few feet further to the west.

The north aisle dates from 1833 and it was partly rebuilt between 1900 and 1905. There are two chapels; the Plumbs' Chapel on the north side is dated 1716 and on the south side the Salisbury pew (formerly Isaac Green's Chapel) dates from 1739 to 1740. A restoration of the church was carried out by W. Raffles Brown in 1851–53. The rebuilding of the north aisle was by James F. Doyle and he added a vestry in 1905–06. Between 1987 and 1991 the external fabric of the church was restored and in 1994 the clock was also restored.

Structure
The church is built in red sandstone. Its plan consists of a west tower, a nave with a clerestory, a chancel, a south aisle and a much wider north aisle which extends to the north of the chancel, and a south porch. A chapel projects from the north aisle and another from the south aisle. The west wall contains a leper's squint, which allowed those who were excluded from the church to view the service from outside. The squint is now below ground level, because when the old tower was demolished, the debris was never removed, only smoothed over. The present tower has a large two-light window, a clock on three faces and two-light bell-openings. The spire is recessed behind an openwork parapet with gargoyles.

Internally there are three arcades with octagonal columns and double-chamfered arches. A gallery extends across the west end of the nave and the south aisle. The chancel roof is wagon-vaulted. A fragment of a Saxon cross-shaft is attached to the west wall of the porch, and a Norman capital, positioned on its side, is set into the east wall of the chancel. The church's floor originally followed the slope of the hill on which it was built, with the result that the chancel was four or five feet lower than the base of the tower. The chancel was raised in 1851, but the floor of the nave still slopes visibly downward to the east.

Fittings and furniture
Inside the church are box pews which were installed in the restoration of 1851–53. The choir stalls date from the early 20th century; they were designed by Bodley and Scott and had been intended for the Lady Chapel of Liverpool Cathedral. In a display case is an elaborately carved bench end dating probably from the early 17th century. The brass chandelier in the nave is dated 1737 and there are two copies of it dated 1892 in the chancel.

The church contains a total of 12 hatchments and a number of benefactor and charity boards. In the south aisle are two funerary recesses which contain memorials to the Norris family of Speke Hall. The north chancel aisle contains an enamelled brass by Warrington to the memory of Major W. Pitcairn Campbell who died in 1855.

The stained glass includes windows by William Warrington, by Kempe, by Heaton, Butler and Bayne, by Percy Bacon and by Mary Lowndes. In the south wall of the chancel are the remains of a 14th-century piscina, now at floor level due to the 19th-century raising of the chancel. A 14th-century priests' door is preserved in a display case on the north wall. There is a ring of six bells which were cast in 1912 by John Warner & Sons.

External features
The churchyard contains the graves of John Charles Ryle, the first Anglican Bishop of Liverpool, and his wife, and the grave of the poet William Watson, as well as Commonwealth War Graves Commission graves of six service personnel of World War I, and five of World War II. Against the south wall of the churchyard is an elaborate pedimented arch which is a memorial to Sir Andrew Barclay Walker and his wife. Also in the churchyard is a sandstone hearse house dated 1811 which is a Grade II listed building.

In media
The church is regularly used as a filming location in the Hollyoaks soap opera. Actress Nikki Sanderson performed a stunt, involving her regular character of Maxine Minniver, at the top of the church tower on 10 April 2015.

title: All Saints' Church, Childwall


text:
Air Bourbon

Air Bourbon was a short-lived airline headquartered at Roland Garros Airport in Sainte Marie, Réunion.

Air Bourbon
The airline was created by the French company Group Bourbon in November 2002 and started scheduled services to mainland France on 7 June 2003 with one Airbus 340-211 (ex-Air Tahiti Nui leased from Airbus Assets). The first route was Reunion (RUN) to Paris-Orly (ORY) via Lyon (LYS). During 2003 the airline had up to 196 staff (mostly former Air Lib and Aero Lyon employees), including 21 pilots, 61 cabin crew and 115 ground staff.

After operations had to be ceased again shortly thereafter due to financial constraints, a recapitalisation of the airline was announced in January 2004, but in December of the same year the airline was liquidated and shut down.

Air Comores International
An effort to relaunch the company under the new name Air Comores International (to be based in Moroni, Comoros, again offering flights to France) failed, and it finally went out of business in 2006.

Services
Air Bourbon operated scheduled services between Réunion and Lyon, Milan, Paris and the neighboring island of Mayotte.

Fleet
The Air Bourbon fleet consisted of a single Airbus A340-200 (F-OITN) aircraft, which was equipped with 286 passenger seats, 36 of which could be accommodated in business class.

Literature

 * OAG Official Airlines Guide and Jetstream magazines

title: Air Bourbon


text:
Sugarloaf (band)

Sugarloaf was an American rock band that originated under the name Chocolate Hair in 1968. The band, which formed in Denver, Colorado, scored two Top 10 hits, with the singles "Green-Eyed Lady" and "Don't Call Us, We'll Call You".

Moonrakers and Chocolate Hair
Lead vocalist and keyboardist Jerry Corbetta, along with guitarist Bob Webber, played together in the Denver-based band The Moonrakers. The Moonrakers had previously released four singles on Tower; The Moonrakers had evolved from the early 1960s band The Classics (previously The Surfin' Classics until they dropped their surf music focus). Members of all three incarnations would later appear on Sugarloaf songs.

In late 1968, Corbetta and Webber formed the band Chocolate Hair, including drummer Myron Pollock, who'd played previously with Corbetta, plus Webber's friend, bassist Bob Raymond. Corbetta had originally started out as a drummer at the age of four before switching over to keyboards by age seven. He had returned to the drums while with the Moonrakers, but cited a wish to play keyboards again as a primary reason for leaving to form the new band.

Name change and the Liberty years
Corbetta and Webber were signed to Frank Slay at this time and began recording demos during 1969. Slay got Chocolate Hair signed to Liberty Records, who liked the band’s demos, which were of such quality that Slay ended up having them put on the album.

In September 1969 Myron Pollock decided to leave the group and the former drummer for the Moonrakers and the Surfin' Classics, Bob MacVittie, was recruited. Moonrakers singer Veeder Van Dorn was also brought in to sing on the album, making his most notable appearances on the tracks "Things Gonna Change Some" and "West of Tomorrow", though he didn't end up becoming a permanent member. “Green-Eyed Lady", recorded at Original Sound Studios in Hollywood, California, which featured MacVittie on drums, was a last-minute addition to the album, which was released in the very late spring of 1970.

Just before the album's release, however, Liberty’s legal department suggested the name Chocolate Hair might be taken as having racist overtones. The band members agreed to change their name to Sugarloaf, the name of a mountain outside of Boulder, Colorado, where Bob Webber resided in an A-frame house.

"Green-Eyed Lady" was written by Corbetta along with his friend Ray Payne's Sweet Pain collaborators J.C. Phillips and David Riordan. The single peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard chart in October 1970, while their eponymous debut album hit No. 24.

Just after the first album's release, the group added singer/guitarist/composer Bob Yeazel, who’d previously played in Denver psych band Beast with Kenny Passarelli. The group recorded two albums with famed Buddy Holly producer Norman Petty. Yeazel was also a member of Superband with Jimmy Greenspoon, who would go on to join Three Dog Night. Yeazel would feature heavily on Sugarloaf's second album, Spaceship Earth (January 1971), which would only manage to reach No. 111. The album’s two singles, "Tongue-In-Cheek" and "Mother Nature's Wine", would peak at No. 55 and No. 88, respectively. The former was the final single ever issued by Liberty itself before it was folded into United Artists.

During 1970 and 1971, Sugarloaf had a heavy touring schedule that included appearances with The Who, Deep Purple, Eric Burdon & War, and other popular acts of the time. On March 16, 1971 they performed at an afterparty for the 13th Annual Grammy Awards with Aretha Franklin, Three Dog Night and others.

The band became a sextet when they welcomed former Maul & The Kutups bassist Bobby Pickett (not to be confused with the "Monster Mash" performer) on May 16, 1971 and six days later, they appeared on American Bandstand to play "Green Eyed Lady" and "Mother Nature's Wine".

In 1972 Sugarloaf played on the single "I.O.I.O.", a cover of a Bee Gees song recorded by TV actor Butch Patrick that was produced by Frank Slay.

Bob Yeazel and Bobby Pickett left Sugarloaf sometime in mid-1972. Pickett later went on to perform with Etta James, Gregg Allman, Detective and Cafe R&B. After playing in various bands for a while, Yeazel took an eight-year break from performing before he once again began touring, writing songs and recording demos.

After a falling out with Corbetta, Bob Webber, Bob Raymond, and Bob MacVittie departed the group as well by late 1972, leaving Corbetta with the rights to the Sugarloaf name.

Resumption and another hit
Eventually Liberty decided to drop all their artists and Sugarloaf was in limbo in 1973 as Jerry Corbetta signed to Neil Bogart's Brut Records label, which Bogart had created and distributed, via his Buddah Records imprint, for the Brut Fabergé company.

The next album, I Got a Song, released in late 1973, was started as a Corbetta solo record but ended up becoming Sugarloaf's third album when Webber and Raymond rejoined Corbetta, with drummer Larry Ferris (also a former member of Beast), to play on the album and once again began making live appearances. This iteration of Sugarloaf played a spot on The Midnight Special that aired on April 19, 1974.

But after Brut folded, the group's future was once again in question as Corbetta and Frank Slay bought the album back from Bogart and went to a friend's recording studio in Denver in 1974 to record a new song, "Don't Call Us, We'll Call You", with session players Paul Humphries (drums), Max Bennett (bass), Ray Payne (guitar) and a group called the Flying Saucers (Jason Hickman, Mikkel Saks and David Queen) on harmony vocals. This song was notable because it contained a practical joke at the expense of CBS Records, which had just turned them down for a recording contract. The song includes the sound of a touch-tone telephone number being dialed near the beginning and ending of the song. Those numbers were an unlisted phone number at CBS Records in Manhattan ("area code 212" stated in the song) – coincidentally a public number at the White House as well (different area code). In addition, the recording includes snippets of the guitar riff of The Beatles' "I Feel Fine", Stevie Wonder's "Superstition" and a line of dialogue from disc jockey Ken Griffin imitating Wolfman Jack (who would later perform the song live with the group on their Midnight Special appearance) stating the call sign of a radio station ("Stereo 92" in the nationwide release); numerous tracks of this line were cut to match local markets. "Don't Call Us...", written by Corbetta along with John Carter, was released in November 1974 on Slay's Claridge Records label and after it took off and peaked at No. 9 in April 1975, the I Got a Song album was quickly re-released under the new title of Don't Call Us, We'll Call You with the hit single added in place of another track, "Easy Evil". But the album stalled out at US No. 152 on the Billboard Top 200.

Also in 1974, Corbetta played with the group Disco-Tex and the Sex-O-Lettes on their hit "Get Dancin'", that was produced by Bob Crewe, Corbetta's new partner, and contributed to other projects, including the band Chinook.

Another single not on the LP, "Stars in My Eyes", peaked at No. 87 in June 1975 and Sugarloaf realigned with Corbetta, Webber, Raymond and original Chocolate Hair/first album drummer Myron Pollock and toured once again in 1975 behind the success of "Don't Call Us...". A live recording of the band was made at Ebbets Field (a small club, not the former Brooklyn ball park) in Denver on January 15, 1975 that was eventually released in 2006 as the CD Alive in America.

"I Got a Song", the title track of their 1973 album, was released as a single in October 1975 but only "bubbled under" on Billboard at No. 110. A Corbetta solo single, "You Set My Dreams to Music", recorded around this time, ended up in a 1977 film The Legend of Frank Woods and Sugarloaf's final single, "Satisfaction Guaranteed", was released in 1976 but failed to chart. All singles from "Don't Call Us..." on appeared on the Claridge label.

Break-up and later years
By the end of 1975, Webber and Raymond were gone from the group and Corbetta continued to tour as Jerry Corbetta and Sugarloaf with drummer Myron Pollock, adding Ray Payne on guitar and Rusty Buchanan (later with Player) on bass until 1978 when he decided to retire the Sugarloaf name and pursue a solo career. His first and only solo album, Jerry Corbetta, was put out on Warner Bros. that same year. He was also a member of Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons from 1980 to 1984.

On June 12, 1985 there was a one/off Sugarloaf reunion at the Colorado Cream Festival that included Corbetta, Myron Pollock, Bob Yeazel, and new players Larry Wilkins (guitar) and Bryan Grassmeyer (bass).

During 1989 to 1991, Corbetta and Wilkins attempted to get Sugarloaf up and running again with the help of Bob Crewe but without success.

In 1991 Corbetta was part of a touring rock & roll nostalgia show, 30 Years of Rock and Roll. This led to him teaming with two other rock vets on that bill, guitarist/singer Mike Pinera (ex-Blues Image and Iron Butterfly) and bassist Dennis Noda (ex-Cannibal & the Headhunters), later that year to form another all stars touring act, The Sugarloaf/Iron Butterfly/Cannibal & the Headhunters Revue, which changed its moniker to The Classic Rock All-Stars in 1992 and added former Rare Earth singer/drummer Peter Rivera and various others, like Micky Dolenz and Spencer Davis, who drifted in and out over the years.

According to Corbetta, a few times during the 1990s and in 2005, The Classic Rock All-Stars did a few shows as Sugarloaf with a different drummer in place of Rivera.

On January 19, 2008 The Brewery Arts Center in Carson City, Nevada presented the Brewery’s Legends of Rock show, which featured Corbetta and Noda, plus Omar Martinez (ex-Paul Revere and the Raiders) and local guitarist Michael Furlong.

Corbetta was forced to retire from performing in 2010 after contracting Pick's disease.

On September 8, 2012 Jerry, Bob Webber, Bob Raymond, Bob MacVittie, Bob Yeazel, Bobby Pickett, and Myron Pollock reunited to play as Sugarloaf at the Boulder Theater for their induction into the Colorado Music Hall of Fame.

On September 9, 2012 Bob Webber had a Hall of Fame after-party at a golf club in Denver in which he, Corbetta, Raymond, and Pollock gathered to play one last time as Sugarloaf.

Bassist Bob Raymond (born Robert William Raymond on March 4, 1946) died of lung cancer in Centennial, Colorado on February 11, 2016, at the age of 69.

Guitarist Bob Yeazel (born Robert Devon Lee Yeazel on November 1, 1946 in Denver, Colorado) died in Stuart, Florida on June 9, 2016 at the age of 69.

Corbetta died in Denver on September 16, 2016 at the age of 68 after seven-years with Pick's disease.

In late 2020, a tape was found by Bob Webber in a case of cables being trashed. The tape turned out to be a live recording of Sugarloaf at another 1975 show. Webber restored the tape and remastered it for vinyl. Sugarloaf Live 1975 was then officially released on September 8. 2022.

Some of the surviving members of Sugarloaf along with longtime friends and co-musicians reunited for an album release party for Sugarloaf Live 1975 on September 11, 2022 at the Wild Goose saloon in Parker Colorado. The members on this night were: Bob Webber, Myron Pollock, Bobby Pickett, keyboardist Denny Flannigan, vocalist/guitarist Kick Stevens (aka Bailey Raymond, grandson of Bob Raymond) and Freddi Gowdy of the Freddi-Henchi band joining them on stage to sing “Them Changes”.

Former Sugarloaf guitarist Bob Webber went on to become an aerospace engineer and drummer Bob MacVittie moved to Arkansas and pursued restaurant management.

Albums

 * Sugarloaf (Liberty Records, 1970) US No. 24
 * Spaceship Earth (Liberty Records, 1971) US No. 111
 * I Got a Song (Brut Records, 1973)
 * Don't Call Us - We'll Call You (Claridge Records, 1975) US No. 152
 * Alive in America (Renaissance, 2006)
 * Sugarloaf Live 1975 (Ray Banger Records, 2022)

Singles

 * "Green-Eyed Lady" (1970) US No. 3, Can. No.1, AUS No. 53
 * "Tongue in Cheek" (1971) US No. 55, Can. No. 40
 * "Mother Nature's Wine" (1971) US No. 88
 * "Don't Call Us, We'll Call You" (1974) US No. 9, Can. No. 5, AUS No. 97
 * "Stars in My Eyes" (1975) US No. 87
 * "I Got a Song" (1975) US No. 110

title: Sugarloaf (band)


text:
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text:
Utah's Dixie

Dixie is a nickname for the populated, lower-elevation area of south-central Washington County, the southwest corner of the State of Utah. The area lies in the northeastern Mojave Desert, south of Black Ridge and west of the Hurricane Cliffs. Its winter climate is significantly more mild than the rest of Utah.

Originally settled by Southern Paiutes, the area became part of the United States after the Mexican–American War. In 1854, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints moved to the area to establish Brigham Young's intended Indian mission in the region. After arrival, the settlers began growing cotton and other temperate cash crops in and around Santa Clara, Utah. By 1860, the Paiute population had declined due to disease from and displacement by the new settlers.

Because of the warmer climate, the importance of cotton, and the origin of some early settlers, the area was nicknamed "Dixie,” referencing Dixie, the nickname for the southern states of United States that seceded and formed the Confederate States of America, which lost the American Civil War.

The Cotton Mission
The area was first referred to as the "Cotton Mission", in response to Brigham Young's 14th General Epistle issued in October 1856. Although he determined that the Great Basin be self-sufficient, it was not. He criticized his fellow Mormon Saints as "quite negligent in raising cotton and flax.” His emphatic command was: "And let our brethren who have the means, bring on cotton and woolen machinery, that we may be enabled to manufacture our own goods, so fast as we shall be able to supply ourselves with the raw material...."

Origin
"[The] first groups of settlers [arriving in Spring 1857] – the Adair and Covington Companies – were people from the Southern States, mainly from Mississippi, Alabama, Virginia, Texas, and Tennessee." While there is no indication that slavery was practiced in Utah's cotton farming, Robert Dockery Covington, the leader of the second company of Saints, was a former slave overseer and owned eight slaves per the 1840 Census, which made "farming a very profitable occupation.” It is unknown whether Covington had grown cotton or supervised slaves who grew cotton. A contemporary said: "He was a strong Rebel sympathizer and rejoiced whenever he heard of a Southern victory."  Covington was the first President of the Washington Branch of the LDS Church. Covington's first counselor was Alexander Washington Collins, who the contemporary said was a former slave driver known to publicly and humorously tell horrific stories of whippings and rapes of his slaves.

Andrew Larson's landmark history of the area states that it was already referred to as “Dixie" by 1857: "Already the settled area of the Virgin Valley was being called Utah's 'Dixie'. The fact that cotton would grow there, as well as tobacco and other semi-tropical plants such as the South, produced made it easy for the name to stick. The fact that the settlers at Washington were bona fide Southerners who were steeped in the lore of cotton culture—many of them, at least—clinched the title. Dixie it became, and Dixie it remained. ... The name 'Dixie' is one of those distinctive things about this part of Utah ... It is a proud title."

Early challenges
"[T]he harsh environment, the intense heat of summer, the continual toil, and the ravages of malaria . . . led some of the settlers to desert the place at the end of the first season." In the fall of 1858, it was reported "that of approximately 400 acres planted to cotton only 130 acres could be counted a success". Cultivation of cotton and food crops depended on irrigation, which was a collective activity. There were regular food shortages, including "the 'starving time' when many people were reduced to eating pigweed, alfalfa, and carrot top greens in lieu of a more substantial diet". The area's culture included a shared religion, shared suffering and success, and even a collective economy for a time.

End of the Cotton Mission
The Cotton Mission did not work as well as Young had hoped. Yields in the test fields were not as high as expected, and growing cotton never gained economic viability, although a cotton mill was built and used for a few years in the Town of Washington. "[C]onsistent operation of the Factory" ended in 1897.

The name "Dixie"
Local residents and others in Utah used “Dixie" to refer to the area. In 1915, St. George Stake Academy officially became Dixie State College. Shortly thereafter, "Dixie" was painted on Sugarloaf, the red rock hill above St. George. “Dixie Rock,” as it became known, previously had been painted with the year of the graduating class and a "D.”

The wider option of Dixie occurred during a period of nostalgic Civil War revisionism, including the Lost Cause of the Confederacy myth. Dixie and the South became idealized "by the many attentions of northern artists to southern mythology, the North's fascination with aristocracy and lost causes, the national appeal of the agrarian myth, and the South's personification of that ideal, to say nothing of the North's persistent use of the South in the manipulation of her own racial mythology."

Dozens of institutions and businesses in the area adopted and used the name "Dixie".

20th century links to the Confederacy at Dixie State College
Links between Utah's Dixie and the Confederacy re-emerged in 1952, when "Dixie Junior College sports teams adopted 'Rebel' as their nickname and the school made its mascot a Confederate soldier in 1956. By 1960, the Confederate flag was flown as a school symbol." These changes were contemporaneous with the University of Nevada Las Vegas’s (UNLV) adoption of the "Rebel" name and mascot, "a cartoon wolf with a Confederate uniform.” They also occurred during the emerging civil rights era, between President Truman's integration of the Armed Services in 1948 and Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.

On a "parade float called 'Gone With the Plow', dating from the late 1960s, a man with his skin painted black pushe[d] a plow while a white student, formally dressed with a top hat, [held] what appear to be reins or a whip".

John Jones and Dannelle Larsen-Rife wrote on behalf of the Southern Utah Anti-Discrimination Coalition, listing many Confederacy-related activities at Dixie State College, including “black-face minstrel shows (through October 2012), mock slave auctions (through the early 1990s), Confederate flags (continuing to the present), and numerous other associations to the Confederacy prevalent on this campus (The "Rebel" mascot as recently as 2008, True Rebel Night is ongoing; The Dixie Confederate Yearbook into the 1990s)."

The Salt Lake Tribune recounted photos in Dixie College yearbooks, called The Confederate. "[A]s late as the early 1990s [w]hite students sing in black face, dress as Confederate soldiers, stage slave auctions and affectionately display the Confederate battle standard." The local newspaper The Spectrum reviewed and published excerpts from local newspapers and Dixie College publications that contained Confederate related activities, photographs, and references.

In March 1987 and 1988, the community held a festival called a Secession, presided over by Governor Norman Bangerter in 1987 and Wilford Brimley, the actor and Utah native, in 1988. Events included a grand Southern-style ball presided over by a costumed Rhett Butler and Scarlett O'Hara, who also participated in many publicity photos. A 40-foot Confederate flag was hung over St. George Boulevard. Smaller Confederate flags were displayed widely by city, county and school officials in promotional photographs. The Washington County News masthead included the Confederate flag and stated it was published in “St. George, Confederate State of Dixie".

"Dixie" controversy
Controversy over the use of "Dixie" has repeatedly arisen in the larger Southern Utah community.

Dixie State University
The Confederate flag was removed as a Dixie College symbol in 1993. The Confederate soldier 'Rodney the Rebel' was eliminated as the mascot in 2005 and the nickname 'Rebels' was discontinued in 2007.

That same year, Dixie State College considered affiliation with the University of Utah, and “U. officials said dropping the 'baggage' of Dixie would be mandatory." "'Dixie' has connotations of the Old South, the Confederacy, and racism,’ Randy Dryer, then the U. trustees' chairman, wrote to The Chronicle of Higher Education." The affiliation with the University of Utah did not happen.

In 2012, many articles appeared as the school was about to make "the leap to university status next year". The Salt Lake Tribune editorialized that the school needed a new name based on the pioneer origin of the name, and Confederacy-honoring practices of the students. An African American student told the Tribune he was shocked to find old yearbooks with photos "of students in blackface, holding mock slave auctions, dressed in Confederate uniforms and staging parade floats and skits that seem to ridicule blacks, such as a crowd in black face behind a white student dressed as a Col. Sanders-type figure. 'In 1968 they were still doing minstrel shows,'" he said. The college student body president said in 2012 that when "on recruiting trips to California that he encountered students unwilling to consider studying at a place called Dixie. "One said, 'Your name makes me shudder,' and walked away ..." Faculty members who raised the issue complained about being asked to leave the community.

In 2015, following the Charleston, South Carolina, shootings by Dylann Roof, Dannelle Larsen-Rife again editorialized for renaming Dixie State University. She was interviewed on an episode of RadioWest (KUER) with professors from the University of Utah and University of Wyoming. A substantial statue of rebel soldiers and a horse, with a Confederate flag displayed, was returned to its sculptor.

In 2020, in the wake of the murder of George Floyd and the subsequent protests, the issue again returned. Jamie Belnap, a former resident of St. George, wrote "Now, seven years after the vote at DSU [to retain the Dixie name], murmurings about the name 'Dixie' have begun again. There's a new petition and, unsurprisingly, online detractors from the community have already begun to emerge.... Isn't it time DSU sends a message to its students of color that it cares more about equality than nostalgia?" On December 14, the University's board of trustees voted to recommend removing the word Dixie from the school's name. The 2021 Utah Legislature voted to take the recommendation, starting a year long process to solicit input and consider alternative names. The Board of Trustees of DSU and the Utah Board of Education both voted unanimously voted to move forward with "Utah Tech University". Earlier than expected, after in November 2021, the Utah State Legislature was called into a special session by Governor Spencer Cox. While the primary purpose for that session was to approve redistricting maps, The name change bill for Dixie State was included on topics to be discussed. While the issue continued to be contentious, the decision to bring the issue early in special session was made because leaders felt no more information was needed, only a vote and decision. Both bodies of the legislature voted on November 10, 2021 to change the name of the university to Utah Tech University effective July 2022.

Dixie Convention Center
In 2020, controversy affected the Dixie Convention Center. After a rebranding study, the governing board voted to change the Dixie Center name to Greater Zion Convention Center, consistent with the area's Greater Zion Convention and Tourism Office, which had a name change in 2019. "The vote to change [the Convention Center name] to Greater Zion on June 23 led to a flood of social media posts and an online petition that gathered over 17,000 signatures in favor of keeping Dixie as the name." "[A]fter a public comment period in which multiple community members expressed strong support of the Dixie name, the Interlocal Agency amended the motion to temporarily revert to the Dixie Center name and to meet again on the issue in six months."

In the community
A substantial number of citizens gathered at the St. George City offices July 2, 2020 to advocate for retaining the "Dixie" names. Joey Sammons Ashby, who organized the event as part of the Protect Dixie effort, said "People in St. George are not racist.... We were never racist — never...." "You're not going to get rid of racism, but, instead of complaining, think about the blessings black people have." "Because of their ancestors, they're able to be an American, they were able to be born here, they're able to do something for themselves because this is America. This is America, and they can pull up their bootstraps and do it if they want to. There's plenty of people to help the blacks right now so instead of complaining, do something." "We used to have minstrel shows here in St. George. It was in fun, it was nothing racist." "I used to dress up with a blackface for Halloween. I think actually it was a compliment to want to look like a blackface."

Dixie Regional Medical Center
On July 16, 2020, Intermountain Health Care announced Dixie Regional Medical Center’s name would become Intermountain St. George Regional Hospital effective January 1, 2021. Mitch Cloward, hospital administrator, said "The meaning of Dixie is not clear for everyone. For some, it only requires explanation; for others, who are not from this area, it has offensive connotations.... Our hospital name should be strong, clear and make everyone we serve feel safe and welcome."

Today
St. George, founded in 1861 when Brigham Young selected 300 families to take over that area and grow cotton, grapes, and other crops, is the largest community in the area. Other communities in Washington County include Ivins, Santa Clara, Hurricane, LaVerkin, and Toquerville. The population is nearly 180,000 in the metropolitan area.

“Dixie” is almost exclusively used to refer to Washington County. However, it sometimes is used to refer to a larger area, including nearby Kane and Iron counties, or even broader southern Utah. The term Payson-Dixon Line implies that everything south of Payson and the Wasatch Front generally is "Dixie."

title: Utah's Dixie


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Oboe da caccia

The oboe da caccia (literally "hunting oboe" in Italian), also sometimes referred to as an oboe da silva, is a double reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family, pitched a fifth below the oboe and used primarily in the Baroque period of European classical music. It has a curved tube, and in the case of instruments by Eichentopf (and modern copies of same), a brass bell, unusual for an oboe.

Its range is close to that of the cor anglais—that is, from the F below middle C (notated C4 but sounding F3) to the D above the treble staff (notated D6 but sounding G5). The oboe da caccia is thus a transposing instrument in F. The notated range is identical to that of the soprano baroque oboe, and with a good reed, all registers speak very easily. Johann Sebastian Bach tended to favor the middle and lowest registers, however, perhaps because they are the most characteristic ones for this instrument.

Development
The instrument was likely invented by J.H. Eichentopf of Leipzig, Germany. The first dated reference to the oboe da caccia is 1722, when composer Johann Friedrich Fasch ordered "Waldhautbois" from Leipzig for the court at Zerbst. The first recorded use of the instrument is on 24 June 1723, when the Bach aria BWV 167/3, "Gottes Wort, das trüget nicht", from the cantata Ihr Menschen, rühmet Gottes Liebe, BWV 167, was performed. As Bach had arrived in Leipzig just a month before, it seems hardly possible that he had been involved in developing the new instrument, even if one were to question the identity of the Waldhautbois a year earlier. But Bach was certainly the most prolific and most important composer for oboe da caccia, often using them in pairs. In 1723 alone, Bach wrote four cantatas using this instrument, the others being Schauet doch und sehet, ob irgend ein Schmerz sei, BWV 46, 1 August, Siehe zu, daß deine Gottesfurcht nicht Heuchelei sei, BWV 179, 8 August), and Ich elender Mensch, wer wird mich erlösen, BWV 48, 3 October. Bach wrote extensively for the oboe da caccia in the years 1723–27. There are also significant parts for the oboe da caccia in his Christmas Oratorio (BWV 248, 1734), the Passions (St John Passion, 1724, and St Matthew Passion, c. 1727), and the cantatas.

Other known compositions for the oboe da caccia are by Fasch. The oboe da caccia was used only in the late Baroque period, after which it fell out of use until interest in authentic performance in the 20th century caused it to be revived. During the period c. 1780–1820, roughly the Classical period, centering on Vienna, the soprano oboe underwent major changes first in bore and then in keywork. It is therefore understandable that the oboe da caccia, with its complex means of construction, was not selected for the same evolutionary "treatment". The early English horn (corno inglese, cor anglais) was no doubt more suitable. Innovation was the watchword of the day, and antiquated instruments such as the oboe da caccia stood little chance of surviving (cf. the way in which the piano supplanted the harpsichord). A curious note: according to Cecil Forsyth in his famous book on orchestration, Beethoven was the last composer to write a part for the oboe da caccia until modern times. However, Forsyth wrote during a period when organology (the study of musical instruments) was in its infancy. Many of his statements, including the one about Beethoven, are in need of revision in light of modern research—in this case, Beethoven—in his Trios for two oboes and a deeper instrument in F —clearly labeled this deeper part "corno inglese" (English horn).

Construction
The oboe da caccia has a leather-covered wooden body terminating in a large wooden bell, or in the case of Eichentopf's instruments, a flaring brass bell as pictured above. There are typically two brass keys, E-flat and C. The E-flat key is normally doubled for the left hand. There are usually two twin fingerholes, G/A-flat and F/F#, similar to the soprano baroque oboe. The construction differs from that of practically all other woodwinds. The bore and outward profiles are first created on the lathe, then a series of saw kerfs are made through the bore from the side, which is to become the inner curve. Then the instrument is bent over steam and a slat glued onto the inside curve to fix it. Any remaining lacunae in the kerfs are filled and the curved section is covered with leather. The da caccia is played with a double reed; the sound is very mellow and supple.

The oboe da caccia stands in a rather unusual relationship to the rest of the oboe family. It cannot rightly be called the precursor of the English horn (the predominant name in North America and German-speaking countries) or cor anglais (the name used in England and France), as it largely developed at the same time as the English horn. The evolution of the English horn is more complex and less straightforward. The da caccia sounds like none of the other members of the oboe family, and no other instrument may legitimately substitute for it—although the English horn is routinely used for this purpose.

The oboe da caccia after Bach and modern reconstruction
After Bach, the oboe da caccia quickly fell out of use. The knowledge of its exact sound and construction was lost, and instruments once believed to be oboes da caccia have proven not to be this instrument at all or to consist only of parts of one. The consensus amongst scholars during the first half of the 20th century was that no known instruments from Bach's time had survived to the present day. Curt Sachs, in his Real-Lexicon der Musikinstrumente (1913), for example, included a crude and rather speculative drawing of an oboe da caccia. Interest in the da caccia was revived in the early 1970s, in part due to the ongoing Teldec Records project to record the complete cantatas of J.S. Bach, conducted by Nikolaus Harnoncourt and Gustav Leonhardt. The taille, a straight two-key oboe pitched in F, had previously been used for the da caccia parts in period-instrument recordings, with mixed results.

It fell to Cary Karp, a curator at the Music Museum in Stockholm, Sweden, to make the discovery that in fact two well-preserved (but unplayable) Eichentopf da caccias existed in museums in Scandinavia: one of them in his own museum, and another in a museum in Copenhagen. The results of his research were published in the Galpin Society Journal article. Using measurements taken from the two instruments, oboist and instrument maker Paul Hailperin of Zell im Wiesental, Germany, made the first modern-day copies, and these were used in the Harnoncourt recording of the Weihnachtsoratorium that appeared in late 1973.

Modern-day makers of oboes da caccia include Sand Dalton of Lopez Island, Washington, United States; Richard Earle and Tony Millyard in the UK; Marcel Ponseele in Belgium; Henri Gohin in France; and Joel Robinson in New York City.

title: Oboe da caccia


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Stefansson Island

Stefansson Island is an uninhabited island in the Arctic Archipelago in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut, Canada. It has a total area of 4463 km2, making it the 128th largest island in the world, and Canada's 27th largest island. The island is located in Viscount Melville Sound, with M'Clintock Channel to the east. It lies just off Victoria Island's Storkerson Peninsula, separated by the Goldsmith Channel. Stefansson Island's highest mount is 256 m. A weather station, at 73.76556°N, -105.29556°W, is located on the northern part of the island as part of an automated weather station array operated by Environment and Climate Change Canada in the Arctic. The first European sighting of the island was in 1917 by Storker T. Storkerson who was travelling with Canadian explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson (1879-1962), for whom the island was named.

title: Stefansson Island


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Talk:Shredding (guitar playing technique)

also see: Diamond Dimebag Darrell Abbott and Pantera off their 1990 Cowboys From Hell release, the last song:  The Art of Shredding

Someone changed Joe Becker to Jason Becker - I think Joe Becker was actually meant, but Jason isn't wrong either. Maybe put both names? --Inza 23:19, 9 May 2005 (UTC)

shred
you guys should seriously mention Joe Satriani. I mean come on!

Satriani isn't a shredder. dimebag isn't a shredder. jason becker <---definitely a shredder. those guys are great...they just don't shred. Overkill has a song called SHRED. they are not shredding.

yeh but you've got to take into account the term 'shred' has been used so widely without being defined for so long, that it's impossible to describe it as one specified thing now. when explaining shred you have to explain this in the article and give examples of the differing opinions on what constitutes shred. I think this is done reasonably well in the page 'Shred Guitar', and I think if pages were merged, a lot of content should be drawn from that.

A guitar virtuoso is not a shredder.
A virtuoso is a person that posseses a masterly skill or technique in the arts.

As far as I am aware, speed is not considered an art.

Al Di Meola and Roy Buchanan for example never sacrificed the melody for the sake of speed - as shredders do!

NOTE BY A GUITARIST:

as a guitarist (studying classical at the college level, currently a Junior with upper division status), a shredder is a guitarist who plays virtuosticlly. melodically or not. it takes a very serious amount of skill and dedication or pure prodigal gift to play at speed. not all guitar virtuosos shred, but those guitarists who can and do shred, with rythmic precision, are virtuosos. so, put bluntly, shredders do not necessarily sacrifice melody for the sake of speed. i am a shredder, i don't always shred melodically and i don't always sacrifice melody for the sake of speed. balance and appropiateness

besides, shredding is a technique, just as proper and inherently benefical in a player's technical repertoire as any other. if it can be done with the instrument, you will be an incomplete instrumentalist until you can do it, and do it consistently.

and you are right, speed is not considered an art. But, playing the guitar is. and there are emotions, sounds, etc, that can be achieved on the guitar only through the use of controlled speed, just as on the violin, piano, drums or any other instrument for that matter (consider the vocal and instrumental crescendos, melismas, etc, typical of some Classical Era music, which most certainly are not melodic much of the time, though there are ones that are. in fact, a lot of the vocal excursions were improvised by the performer to showcase his/her vocal agility and range.  there are many cases, for example, where vocalists would even require that an aria have a place for them to perform a signature piece of vocal agility that that particular singer was known by, even if it did not fit the music). your statement also betrays an out-of-context idea of what shredding actually is - you've isolated a single aspect of the technique (the speed) and made it out to be the whole technique. i will tell you that it isn't all there is to it.

and consider reading a dictionary sometime:

Definition of Virtuoso according to Merriam-Webster: 1 : an experimenter or investigator especially in the arts and sciences : SAVANT 2 : one skilled in or having a taste for the fine arts 3 : one who excels in the technique of an art ; especially : a highly skilled musical performer (as on the violin) 4 : a person who has great skill at some endeavor

note the heavy emphasis on skill and great skill in the definitions here. last i checked, it takes some skill to shred at all, let alone shred well. and take a good look at the 4th, it says "some endeavor". not art, but endeavor. attempting to play fast on the guitar, successfully or not, sounds like an endeavor.

also, just because Di Meola, Roy Buchanan and the like don't, doesn't mean they are not shredders. and when you can tell me that they never, ever, play with great speed without being melodic (which you will never be able to do unless you spend every moment of your life with them, right down to the nearest 100th of a second), do not assume that they don't do it.

basically. Shredders don't!

Note by another guitarist to the above guitarist: - We all know what virtuoso means. How about checking in your dictionary for the term "shredder".. oh! oups! not there huh? How about checking in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles dictionary - I'm sure you'll find it there.

1) If we had all known what virtuoso meant, there would be nothing to discuss 2)The term "shredder" is guitar-scene specific jargon so of course is not going to be in a regular day-to-day dictionary and 3)if you find a copy of that dictionary, let me know where, i'd be glad to look it up there as it is a dictionary. 4) and who is "We" and who are you to say that "we" all know what virtuoso means? i mean, did you take some kind of infallible study of all of "We" and "We's" opinions on the matter? or are you assuming that because you are aware of the definition of virtuoso that that must mean that everyone must be aware of it as well? And btw, if you checked out a guitar-jargon type of dictionary i can assure you the term "shredder" will be there.


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Russell Island (Nunavut)

Russell Island is an uninhabited island of the Arctic Archipelago in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in the Parry Channel, separated from the northern tip of Prince of Wales Island by the narrow Baring Channel. The western third of the island is separated from the other two thirds by a narrow lake and its outlet. At the northern end of the lake there is an isthmus just 1.1 km wide and this joins the two parts of the island. With a total area of 940 km2, it is the largest island offshore of Prince of Wales Island.

William Edward Parry was the first European to sight the island in 1819.

Another, much smaller Russell Island lies off the northwest tip of Devon Island. A third one lies in the West Foxe Islands, in Hudson Strait, southwest of Alareak Island.

title: Russell Island (Nunavut)


text:
Talk:Furness

Comments
I wonder whether a merge with Furness is the right way forward. The current Furness article is about the Furness peninsula (also known as Low Furness). The area of Lancashire, north of the sands, on the other hand, includes not only Low Furness, but High Furness (the area generally within the Lake District) and the Cartmel peninsula. I supppose the question could be asked 'does the Furness peninsula' deserve its own article? Personally I would support the view that it does, with a separate article for Lancs, north of the sands. This latter article could be aimed more at the historical context, together with the current issues concerning Lancs vs. Cumbria - that was my intention. Other views? Arcturus 20:01, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * No one has seen fit to touch this article in the last few weeks so I merged it with Furness. The fine distinctions between Low Furness, High Furness and Cartmel do not seem notable to me but they can be explained in the Furness article if anyone wishes. -- RHaworth 17:24, 2005 Apr 6 (UTC)

 * It seems to me that the article cited as a reference for Cartmel being included within Furness has been misinterpreted. Having read widely about the area and being local, I have never heard of the Cartmel peninsula being a part of Furness.  If there are no objections, I will remove the references to places east of the Leven; they may be included in a separate article about the Cartmel peninsula if anyone feels inclined Psammead (talk) 14:30, 12 July 2008 (UTC)

Iron industry
The Furness iron industry could do with being written up. -- RHaworth 17:26, 2005 Apr 6 (UTC)

Notable inhabitants/Factual innaccuracies
The current notable inhabitants section is a bit of a joke. The following entries I have issues with-
 * Beatrix Potter- She did not live in Furness, Sawry is not part of Furness, it is far, far too north. I don't have a reliable source, but I implore anyone who knows the area to take a look at this, and use a little common sense. Broughton is about as far north as Furness goes (well, it may go a little further) and Sawrey is a long way to the north east, when we are talking about such a small area.
 * St. Patrick- Do we have a source for that? I am local, I have lived in Ireleth all my life, and have an interest in local history. I have never heard it... I tagged it as needing a fact check, and should be removed if a decent source can't be found.
 * William Wordsworth- This reads like a sappy attempt by the local media to make the are sound interesting. Everyone thinks of Wordsworth when thinking of Cumbria, and so Furness has to sap a little bit of that with 'He visited here once! Honestly!'

Also, why precisely are the notable residents of Barrow not listed here? Either everyone in Furness in the Furness article, or only in their respective settlements, I reckon. The link to Coniston Water is irrelevent- I suppose that is part of Furness now too? Unless Furness has some archaic definition that is not really in use any more, I think this article has the wrong idea about Furness.

Another note- the list seems very historical. As in, it talks only about the top end notable historical inhabitants. That would be fine in a conventional encyclopedia, but here we have the modern celebrities, and even completely non famous but notable individuals. Now, I can't think of many that actually have articles that aren't linked to already, but there must be more, surely? Some names that were thrown at me just now- Danny and Andrew Gardener (rugby) Gary Broadbent (rugby) Micheal Burns (cricket) Neil Doherty (football) and Jackie Smith (actress). What about our good friends the local politicians? John Hutton, Cecil Franks, Albert Booth and Baron Monslow. Before that, we had Sir Jonah Walker-Smith, but there is no article on him as of yet. Perhaps other local politicians that live in Furness? I don't know if there are any, but there may be some. J Milburn 20:48, 26 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I am a fool. Forgot to mention Gordon Park. J Milburn 20:50, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Sawrey and Coniston are both parts of Furness and have been for 800 years. The name doesn't just refer to the peninsula, which is usually called Low or Plain Furness, the boundaries follow the Duddon to Wrynose, then the Brathay to Windermere where it follows the western bank and down the Leven to Morecambe Bay.  The area between the Duddon and Windermere is usually called High Furness and includes the Furness Fells.

 * The thing about St Patrick is spurious though. He was probably Cumbrian, but there's really no evidence he came from here.  You're right about Wordsworth too, he's not really a Furness inhabitant.  And by Andrew Gardner, I presume you mean Ade.  There's that comedian Karen Taylor who's from Barrow too. Psammead (talk) 19:35, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

IPA Pronunciation
I've altered the IPA guide to this article to a local pronunciation - it should sound exactly like 'furnace'. It seems only right that the official pronunciation should be the one the inhabitants use.

Psammead (talk) 20:15, 3 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Agree. I don't read IPA, but I'm local and pronounce it 'Furr-nuss' rather than the 'Fur-NESS' the BBC seems to use. J Milburn (talk) 21:24, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

 * There must be some joke around about "Barrow, in fairness" in a Lancashire accent... El Pollo Diablo (Talk) 06:55, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

I have heard Furness as a surname pronounced like "furnace". However in the Barrow in Furness article the pronunciation is listed as being "fur-nəss" rather than "fur-niss" so is the name pronounced differently in Barrow to the rest of Furness? As for the BBC pronunciation: in the case of Newcastle Upon Tyne the IPA for the RP pronunciation is listed as well as the local accent so it might make sense to do the same for Furness to avoid confusion. Tk420 (talk) 12:35, 3 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Replied at Talk:Barrow-in-Furness. --Super Nintendo Chalmers (talk) 08:29, 4 April 2016 (UTC)

Map needed
It would be really useful to have a map of the peninsula with an insert showing its location in Cumbria or northwestern England. --Bejnar (talk) 20:17, 31 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Furness


text:
Daventry Country Park

Daventry Country Park is a 66 ha Local Nature Reserve and country park on the north-eastern outskirts of Daventry in Northamptonshire, England. It is owned and managed by West Northamptonshire Council.

The park centres on Daventry Reservoir, which feeds the Grand Union Canal, and there are also meadows and crack willow woodland. Birds include yellowhammers, lesser whitethroats, dunnocks and song thrushes.

Facilities include a bird hide, a nature trail, an adventure playground, and a cafe.

title: Daventry Country Park


text:
Herz (surname)

Herz is a German surname meaning heart. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Adam Herz, American writer and producer
 * Adolf Herz (1862–1947), Austrian engineer, inventor of Herz spark plug, photographer and first editor of Camera Magazine
 * Alice Herz (1882–1965), American pacifist
 * Alice Herz-Sommer (1903–2014), Czech-born Jewish pianist, oldest Holocaust survivor
 * Daniela Herz (born 1954), German businesswoman
 * DJ Herz - (born 2001), Baseball pitcher for the Washington Nationals.
 * Eberhard Herz, German American footballer
 * Günter Herz (born 1940), German businessman
 * Henri Herz (1803–1888), Austrian pianist, teacher, and composer
 * Henriette Herz (1764–1847), German social leader
 * John H. Herz (1908–2005), American scholar of international relations
 * Juraj Herz (1934–2018), Slovak film director, writer and actor
 * Martin F. Herz (1917–1983), American diplomat, ambassador
 * Max Herz (businessman) (1905–1965), German businessman
 * Michael Herz (businessman) (born 1943), German businessman
 * Michael Herz (producer) (born 1949), American film producer, director and screenwriter
 * Naphtali Herz Imber (1856–1909), itinerant poet, wrote lyrics of "Hatikvah", national anthem of Israel
 * Winfried Herz (born 1929), German footballer
 * Wolfgang Herz (born 1950), German businessman

title: Herz (surname)


text:
Aa (France)

The Aa (Abbe) is a river in northern France that is 93 km (58 miles) long. Originating near the village of Bourthes and emptying into the North Sea near Gravelines, the Aa is located near the north-eastern limit of the English Channel. The Aa has been canalized for most of its length and forms much of the border between the regions of Pas-de-Calais and Nord.

Hydronymy
The word "Aa" in Old Dutch means "water" (it still retains the name in modern Dutch and local West Flemish), and can be traced via Proto-Germanic back to its original Indo-European form. The river is very well-known to crossword enthusiasts ("the first river in France"). The river is known in Modern Latin as Agnio, but has been recorded in many forms in Medieval Latin, starting with Agnona in 648 AD. In local Picard dialects, the Aa is traditionally called the Abbe.

Geography
The river's geography is divided into two parts. The first segment ranges from the river's source is in the Artois Hills to Saint-Omer to form a small chalk stream, similar to the Somme. This section of the river drains the Artois plateau and is 56 km long. The river's second part spans from Saint-Omer to its mouth, a distance of approximately 29 km. As a navigable waterway, this section connects the Canal de Calais to Calais and the Canal de Bourbourg leading to Dunkirk. The section of the river from Saint-Omer to the junction with the main Dunkirk-Scheldt waterway and the Canal de Neuffossé are not currently navigable.

History

Its name originates from the Old High German word aha, which means water. The word also shares roots with the Latin word aqua. Saint-Omer formerly lay at the head of its estuary while seaward, Calais lay on its western margin and Bergues, now inland from Dunkirk, on its eastern one. By the time of the Viking settlements on this coast, Dunkirk was developing on the dunes, offshore across the estuarine marsh from Bergues. Gravelines was the port at the seaward end of the river after the area of the estuary was reclaimed. The dates of these events are imprecise but the modern pattern was firmly established by 1588, the time of the Spanish Armada when an approximation to the modern course of the lowland river formed the boundary between the Spanish Netherlands and France. The river suffers significant problems from industrial discharge and siltation, which made the length of the Aa from Saint-Omer to the junction with the Dunkirk-Escaut waterway unnavigable since the 1970s.

title: Aa (France)


text:
Cleo (TV series)

Cleo is a Swedish drama/comedy TV series in two seasons, each consisting of nine episodes. The series was broadcast on SVT, the first season in 2002 and the second in 2003. Directed by Svante Kettner and screenplay by Michael Hjorth, Tomas Tivemark and Johan Kindblom.

The name of the series comes from the main character Cleopatra "Cleo" Andersson, played by Suzanne Reuter. When the first episode aired on 24 March 2002 it was watched by 2,2 million people. At the 2004 Monte-Carlo TV Festival Cleo won three awards in the comedy category, Outstanding Actor, Outstanding Actress and Outstanding European Producer.

Cast

 * Suzanne Reuter as Cleopatra Andersson
 * Loa Falkman as Claes Lindwall
 * Johan Rheborg as Åke Lindén
 * Magdalena Johannesson as Kajsa Palm
 * Rakel Wärmländer as Jessika Thulin (only 2002)
 * Gustaf Hammarsten as Frank Berger
 * Karin Huldt as Jill (only 2003)
 * Christian Hollbrink as Teddy (only 2003)

Plot
Forty-eight-year-old Cleopatra Andersson works at JTM, a company delivering networking solutions. She has raised her, now 20-year-old, by herself. He decides to move out to a flat of his own, and Cleo's life becomes full of new opportunities. At JTM she gets both help and counterthrust when she willingly and perhaps sometimes unwillingly becomes involved in the dreams and schemes of her colleagues. At the same time, her own personal life is far from carefree.

title: Cleo (TV series)


text: User talk:68.159.157.79

title: User talk:68.159.157.79


text:
Prescott Island

Prescott Island is one of the uninhabited Canadian Arctic islands in the territory of Nunavut. The island is situated in Peel Sound, between the Prince of Wales Island and Somerset Island.

Prescott Island is oval-shaped, and has an area of 412 km2. Together with four other, smaller islands (Binstead, Lock, Pandora, and Vivian), they create a barrier at the entrance into Browne Bay on eastern Prince of Wales Island.

title: Prescott Island


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St George's Church, Everton

St George's Church is in Everton, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is the earliest of three churches in Liverpool built by John Cragg, who used many components in cast iron which were made at his Mersey Iron Foundry. It is an active Anglican parish church in the Diocese of Liverpool, the Liverpool archdeaconry, and the Liverpool North deanery.

History
The Liverpool merchant James Atherton, who later established the seaside resort of New Brighton, Wirral, donated the land for the church. He positioned it at the rear of his villa, atop the hill where the Everton Beacon had stood prior to its destruction by a storm in 1803. The building of the church was enabled by an Act of Parliament, the St. George's Church, Everton Act, which was passed in 1813. The foundation stone was laid on 19 April 1813 and the church was consecrated by the Bishop of Chester on 26 October 1814. The architect was Thomas Rickman and the church was built by John Cragg.

Structure
The outer shell of the church is built in stone while the interior is in cast iron. Its plan consists of a west tower, a seven-bay nave with aisles, and a short chancel. Porches flank the tower and chancel. The tower has diagonal buttresses, an arched west door with a three-light window above. The next stage has a clock on three faces and above this are three-light bell-openings which are partly glazed and partly louvred. On the summit is an embattled parapet with pinnacles at the corners. All the windows have cast iron tracery. Internally the nave has arcades of cast iron and the aisles have galleries. The roof is of cast iron. The architectural style of the church is Perpendicular. Tie rods were added in the 20th century.

Fittings and furniture
Most of the stained glass was destroyed in the Second World War. The only complete survivor is a window dated 1863 by A. Gibbs. The glass in the east window dates from 1952 and is by Shrigley and Hunt. The memorials include one under the tower to John Rackham who died in 1815 which was designed by Thomas Rickham and carved by S. & J. Franceys, a memorial to Thomas W. Wainwright, a surgeon who died in 1841 with a relief of the Good Samaritan by William Spence, and in the north gallery is a Gothic tabernacle by Emanuel Edward Geflowski to the memory of engineer Walter Fergus MacGregor who died in 1863. The original chair frame bell was made by Ainsworth of Warrington. It was restored in 1937 by George Eccles but vandalised in the late 1960s. The present clock was made by Smiths of Clerkenwell and installed in 1973.

title: St George's Church, Everton