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Chauvenet (crater)

Chauvenet is a lunar impact crater that is located to the northeast of the prominent crater Tsiolkovskiy on the far side of the Moon. Less than one crater diameter to the northwest of Chauvenet is the crater Ten Bruggencate.

The rim of this crater is roughly circular, with the satellite crater Chauvenet C overlying the northeastern side and intruding into the interior. A ridge runs from the western side of this intruding feature to the midpoint of the interior of Chauvenet. The remainder of the floor is marked only by a number of tiny craters. There is a shelf of slumped material forming a terrace along the southeast inner wall. The remainder of the inner wall is somewhat irregular in form.

The crater was named after American astronomer and mathematician William Chauvenet by the IAU in 1970. The crater was known as Crater 290 prior to naming.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Chauvenet.

The name Cornielle was proposed for Chauvenet S crater, but it was not approved by the IAU.

title: Chauvenet (crater)


text:
Lineo

Lineo was a thin client and embedded systems company spun out of Caldera Thin Clients by 20 July 1999.

History
Caldera Thin Clients, Inc., had been created as a subsidiary of Caldera, Inc., on 2 September 1998. Caldera Thin Clients' original President and CEO was Roger Alan Gross, who resigned in January 1999. In April 1999, Caldera Thin Clients released the no longer needed sources to GEM and ViewMAX under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

In July 1999, Caldera Thin Clients decided on a major refocus on Linux and consequently changed its name to Lineo.

Lineo licensed a stripped down OpenLinux distribution from Caldera Systems and named it Embedix. They continued to maintain the former Caldera Thin Clients sales office in Taipei in 1999. In January 2000, Lineo reincorporated in Delaware.

Lineo's technologies fully owned were well ahead of competitors' products in the embedded system portion. These technologies included:
 * Rt-Control provided μClinux - a version of Linux for microcontrollers, such as the Motorola 68k/ColdFire line, i960, ARM7, and ETRAX CRIS chips. With these chips lacking MMU and thus unable to provide multi-tasking capabilities, uClinux was able to run full-featured in as little as 150 KB of RAM with a 1 MB ROM chip.
 * FirePlug - Linux-based projects, such as their Linux firewall built on the ThinLinux product, which ran in as little as 2 MB of disk/flash storage and 8 MB RAM.
 * Embedix - Lineo's flagship product that ran a complete multitasking, networked Linux operating system in 2 MB of ROM/flash and 4 MB of RAM.
 * Embedix SDK and the Embrowser - a fully graphical web browser for embedded systems. Embrowser was Lineo's port of the 32-bit Extended DOS-based browser DR-WebSpyder, originally based on the Arachne browser.

This combination of technologies allowed Caldera Thin Clients to offer a full Linux operating system with a graphical browser that could run off a floppy disk. More importantly the product was unique, and this came from the fact that Lineo's view on the Linux embedded market was different from other vendors. All the other vendors believed that Linux was heavily fragmented and that the solution was to offer Linux features for real time OSes, that is a Linux API for some other OSes. Red Hat with its EL/IX created a kernel independent framework (API) which allowed some Linux software to run on the eCos kernel. Lineo did not agree with this assessment and believed the API offered far more advantages and allowed for a fully hardened system, that is, Lineo utilized a custom Linux kernel. Through the six companies Lineo acquired, they were able to extend the same Linux technology across multiple chip architectures and add real-time capabilities. The acquisitions gave broader Linux support, from very small microcontrollers, through traditional platforms like x86, and up to high end, high availability systems.

Lineo's president and CEO, when it reformed under the new name, became Bryan Wayne Sparks, who also had been one of the original founders of Caldera, Inc., in 1994. At the time of its creation, Lineo had 14 employees.

Lineo's main product was Embedix, a lightweight Linux distribution for embedded systems, licensed from Caldera Systems, Inc., another subsidiary of Caldera, Inc.

Another product was DR-DOS, a DOS–compatible operating system, previously developed by Caldera UK Ltd. between 1996 and 1999 and originally acquired from Novell by Caldera, Inc., on 23 July 1996.

Through its acquisitions Lineo also had a range of products in many different product categories.

Through a series of acquisitions and mergers, Lineo eventually ballooned to a peak of about 350 employees, with offices in seven countries. The companies that it acquired or merged with were:

 * Zentropix – realtime Linux specialists
 * Rt-Control Inc. – uClinux creators, very small board (uCdimm) vendors
 * Moreton Bay – VPN/Router vendor (located in Brisbane, Australia)
 * United Systems Engineering (USE) – Japanese Linux consulting company
 * Fireplug – Canadian Linux consulting company (ThinLinux product)
 * Inup – High availability Linux
 * Embedded Power Corporation – Realtime and DSP OS (RTXC product)

Decline
In October 2001, Lineo refreshed and expanded a free license for the redistribution and modification of original Digital Research binaries and sources related to CP/M and MP/M through "The Unofficial CP/M Web site"   a license originally issued by Caldera in 1997.

After some assets were auctioned off in April 2002, by July 2002 the company had reformed as Embedix, Inc. under the lead of Matthew R. Harris, formerly a Summit Law attorney for Caldera, Inc. However, Embedix, Inc. was short-lived and ceased to exist later that year, when the Embedix division was purchased and absorbed by Motorola's Metrowerks.

The remaining Digital Research assets fell back to the investor Canopy Group, and parts of the DR-DOS sources were acquired by DeviceLogics in 2002.

Parts of the embedded modules and uClinux software assets (formerly Rt-Control Inc.) were acquired by Arcturus Networks Inc. in 2002.

The router division (formerly Moreton Bay) spun out as SnapGear, and was later acquired by CyberGuard and then Secure Computing, and Secure Computing was acquired by McAfee and as of 2008 was still producing the SnapGear brand of VPN/routers.

Lineo Japan, a former Japanese acquisition and at one time wholly owned subsidiary, United System Engineers, Inc. (USE), now trades as Lineo Solutions.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lineo


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Apollon (Formula One)

Apollon was a Formula One racing car constructor from Switzerland. The team participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix but failed to qualify. The team was formed by racing driver Loris Kessel.

Formula One
After Loris Kessel had left John Macdonald's RAM team, he approached Frank Williams for a drive at his team. Williams had no place left for Kessel, but could sell him an old car, the FW03. Kessel agreed and approached the Swiss Jolly Club of Switzerland, that was successful in touring cars and rallying. Kessel also hired ex-Ferrari designer Giacomo Caliri. In his FLY-studio the FW03 was heavily updated. The result was a car with a striking long nose and radiators placed directly in front of the front wheel suspension. Painted in fresh yellow and white colours the former FW03 was a nice looking car. The car was renamed the Apollon Fly, named after the sponsor of the project, a pharmacist. However, it took a long time before the Apollon actually appeared on the track. Jolly Club tried to race in Belgium, France, Austria and the Netherlands. However, in Belgium and France, Kessel had transport problems. At Monza the Apollon finally appeared. Because not enough pit boxes were available, the Swiss had to settle for a place in the open air, a clumsy scene. In the untested car Kessel was way too slow and when he went off track in the final qualifying session, the adventure was finally over.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

title: Apollon (Formula One)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Addison Webster Moore

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Mackensen (talk) 05:25, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Addison Webster Moore
This substub reads, verbatim: "Addison Webster Moore (1866 - 1930) was a U.S. pragmatist philosopher." End of stub. Google returns 30 matches for Addison Webster Moore. Is the availability of this subject a benefit to our readers? GRider\talk 18:22, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Keep. Searching JSTOR, I get a few things written by him and an article "Addison Webster Moore: Defender of Instrumentalism", by Benjamin Wolstein, in the Journal of the History of Ideas 1949. Wolstein writes: "Moore carried on his work in logic and ethics in the seminars at the University of Chicago. Though never fully published, it has wielded a powerful influence over a long line of students and teachers of philosophy." Wolstein then goes on to say that the evaluation of AWM has been difficult because his papers were not made available to him. He concludes: "His place in American philosophy, when assessed by his meagre writings, definitely hinges upon what becomes of the experimental naturalism of which he was a founding father." I will leave to someone else to read the whole article, but this seems at the very least to be a case where "Wikipedia is not paper" can be applied. / u p p l a n d 19:10, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, it's helpful. Wyss 20:30, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, a quick scan of some of the pages listed on Google indicates that Moore was a close colleague of John Dewey and was influential in the development of the instrumentalism version of pragmatism. Zzyzx11 23:43, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have expanded a little. JoaoRicardo 07:00, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and expand, influential. Megan1967 09:23, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)


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Talk:Sivalik Hills

Untitled
It said the average for the range was 900 - 1200 meters. But the highest point in the whole range is only just over 1200 meters, so the average must be a lot smaller. (I think what was really meant was: the height of the peaks varies from 900 to 1200 meters.) I changed it a little, but I think it's still not quite accurate. Prater 18:23, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Shiwaliks mostly below 1,000 meters
Probably about 600 meters in many areas. Also they extend across Nepal and I think even Sikkim too. Apparently the Shiwalik and Mahabharat ranges disappear in the far eastern Himalaya, where the various himalayan sub-ranges are compressed together.

It's probably important to discuss the Shiwaliks as a sub-range of the Himalaya, along with the higher Mahabharat range to the north, and the Dun or Inner-Terai valleys that often lie between the Shiwalik and Mahabharat ranges.

WP:INDIA Banner/Uttarakhand workgroup Addition
Note: WP India Project Banner with Uttarakhand workgroup parameters was added to this article talk page because the article falls under Category:Uttarakhand or its subcategories. Should you feel this addition is inappropriate, please undo my changes and update/remove the relavent categories to the article --  TinuCherian  (Wanna Talk?) - 13:57, 23 June 2008 (UTC) Regards RAHUL RANA

Photo of Kalimpong
The photo of Kalimpong is out of place. Kalimpong is actually in the higher Mahabharat Range or Lesser Himalaya that is north of the Siwaliks.

I propose to remove this photo. Does anyone have something representative of the Siwaliks to offer? LADave (talk) 19:29, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sivalik Hills


text:
Talk:Edgar Dewdney

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Mary Jessica Parsons, Clairecrompton1, Alexandermackenzie, Jessica Parsons97. Peer reviewers: Abigaaailbrown.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 20:09, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Historical Assiniboia riding?
Was the historical Assiniboia East riding really in modern Sask? Currently Assiniboia (provincial electoral district) is in Manitoba....

 * For postal and administrative purposes, the NWT was divided into districts of the North-West Territories. In the 1880s and 1890s, two of these districts (Alberta and Saskatchewan) were represented by one MP each, but the more populous District of Assiniboia had two MPs. The District of Assiniboia was divided into Assiniboia East and Assiniboia West for federal electoral purposes. See Saskatchewan Archives Board and List of NWT MPs (PDF).  Most of Assiniboia became part of Saskatchewan in 1905; the very westernmost section became part of Alberta.  Indefatigable 20:26, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

"[W]as a Canadian surveyor, road builder, Indian commissioner and politician..."
Quite inaccurate and can't this be fixed? He wasn't Canadian but a Brit living and working in NWT and then BC and Vancouver Island which he got merged with BC. South Asians with hisotrical interest and indeed mixed ethnic background complain at historical misjustices commented by Brits while it was still "British India." His record in Canada demonstrates that that was        widespread. Masalai (talk) 14:43, 22 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Edgar Dewdney


text: User talk:64.75.76.22

title: User talk:64.75.76.22


text: Talk:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23

title: Talk:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23


text:
Eichstadt (crater)

Eichstadt is a lunar impact crater that is located in the eastern section of the Montes Cordillera range that encircles the Mare Orientale impact basin. It lies toward the southwestern limb of the Moon, and so appears oblong when viewed from the Earth due to foreshortening. Over 200 kilometers to the east of Eichstadt are the craters Darwin and Lamarck, and to the south is Krasnov.

The rim of this crater is well-defined and forms a somewhat uneven circle. There are slight outward bulges in the perimeter to the south-southeast, southwest, and to the north. There are some terraces along the inner wall and the top edge is slumped. In the central part of the interior floor is a cluster of low, rugged ridges.

The crater is named after German mathematician and astronomer Lorentz Eichstadt.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Eichstadt.

title: Eichstadt (crater)


text:
Talk:Robert Mallet

Abbreviation?
What is F.R.S.? Also, some of the language seems a bit archaic. --RoninVII 18:25, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Fellow of the Royal Society. / u p p l a n d 18:45, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

He spent more time as a civil engineer than as a geologist - I've attempted to add a bit more engineering but this could benefit from expansion. ISTR he did an enormous howitzer. Ephebi 18:27, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Death place
I've changed this to Stockwell as The Grove, Clapham Road was actually in Stockwell —Preceding unsigned comment added by Enmore (talk • contribs) 21:22, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Mallet


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Gazbia Sirry

Gazbia Sirry (جاذبية سري) (11 October 1925 – 10 November 2021 ) was an Egyptian painter.

Born in Cairo, Gazbia Sirry studied fine arts at the Higher Institute of Art Education for Women Teachers in 1950 (currently known as the Faculty of Art Education at Helwan University), where her dissertation traced Egypt's political history. She later became a professor there, and also at the American University in Cairo. She has had more than 50 personal exhibitions, official purchases by international museums, international prizes, scholarships and university chairs. The paintings of Sirry capture the relationship between social reform, feminist consciousness and advocacy of women. Because of their eclecticism and heterogeneity of modern Egypt, Sirry's paintings were widely celebrated.

Her early work was dominated by images of women in unmistakable poses of power, performing roles in the public and private spheres, and celebrating female unity. In the late nineteen fifties, Sirry made stylistic and thematic changes to reflect the grim mood created by discontent with the crackdown on dissent and curtailment of political freedom across the country. It also became increasingly abstract: by the 1960s this shift was apparent. While on fellowship at the Huntington Hartford Foundation in Pacific Palisades, California, 1965, she was introduced to the American style of abstract expressionism; in interviews Sirry credited this time in her life with “profound impact upon her art practice." Her shift towards abstraction has also been linked some scholars to political unrest and especially the Six-Day War of1967. The full abstraction was replaced in the early 1970s by the reappearance of human forms, but the dark paintings represent the fears of Sirry about the fortunes of women's emancipation. The dominant bright colors and pyramidal shapes of her paintings show the national pride and enthusiasm following the Ramadan/Yom Kippur War of 1973 in the later part of the 1970s.

Early life
Sirry was born to an aristocratic Turkish family in 1925, and was raised by both her mother and her grandmother. She lost her father, Hassan Sirry Nammy, when she was four years old and her mother, Esmat El-Daly, was the one to take control of her education. Her uncles on her father's side were the ones who contributed to her introduction to art by taking her to the theater and giving her the opportunity to become familiar with the expansive library.

Education
Raised by two women, Sirry's maternal caregivers were tasked to bring up Sirry alone. Her mother was left a widow after Sirrys’ father's death and with that, Sirry's female leadership figures took charge of her education and played a prominent role in the empowering feminist artwork that she would create later in life. Sirry witnessed the struggle that her caretakers endured during her upbringing in Cairo. Although her mother and grandmother had no attachment directly to a man, her uncles (on her paternal side) inspired her connection to art, theater, culture, and art history.

Sirry's first known educational milestone was motivated by her mother, who suggested Sirry attend the Higher Institute for Young Women in Cairo. After 5 years, in 1948, Sirry gained a diploma in Fine Arts which only enhanced her love for art making. Her next journey was to Paris, France where she would learn from Marcel Gromaire - a famous painter and teacher whom she learned much from during her initial graduate studies. By 1952, she was furthering her studies at the Egyptian Academy in Rome and tunneled her efforts into Art Education. Finally, she attended Slade College in London, England from 1954 - 1955, where she studied painting and lithography.

Feeling a pull back to her home, Sirry returned to Cairo where she taught for about twenty years. Her education was a catapult into her professional career. These educational markers in her life gave her insight into not only the art world, but the political and social issues she would later comment on in her art. Her robust education gave her the stamina for her lengthy and successful career.

Career
Gazbia Sirry's career as an artist can be loosely arranged into three distinct time periods.

Her early paintings of the 1930s and 1940s are characterized by depictions of powerful female figures of all social and economic classes. In these works, she emphasizes the role of diverse, powerful women in Egypt as well as their importance in defining a new Egyptian Republic. During this era of her artistic practice, Sirry utilized strong black contours to highlight figures on a flat plane, a quality that defined her early paintings, along with her vibrant color scheme, which was a trend in her work until her passing.

Into the 1950s and 1960s, Sirry began creating less figural and more abstract and expressionist paintings, due to a growing interest in non-representational forms as well as the inherent qualities of color and line.This transition has been largely attributed to her growing disillusionment with the Egyptian Government under the Nasser presidency after Sirry and her husband were imprisoned on allegations of Communist activity in 1959. In this second era of Sirry’s practice, she continued to work with bold color; however her use of line softened and separated, representative of the personal and cultural conflicts within Sirry and Egypt at the time.

Six years after her imprisonment, in 1965, Sirry earned a fellowship to join the Huntington Hartford Foundation in Pacific Palisades, California, an artists' colony in the Santa Monica Mountains. There, she was introduced to the American style of Abstract Expressionism, which influenced the third developmental stage of her practice. By 1967, the artist was no longer including figural representations in her work, instead focusing on furthering her discovery of abstract line and color. From the 1970’s until her passing she fixated on expressionist “city scapes”. These exercises in color and line evoke complex city grids.

Sirry’s entire career of work has been described as a “complex political project” as her pieces reflect and respond to her experiences living under the political unrest of Egypt. In 2014, Shems Friedlander, professor of practice in the Department of Journalism and Mass Communication and director of The Photographic Gallery, described Sirry as, '‘a senior Egyptian artist who is recognised on an international level. Her value to both the University and Egypt is both as an artist and a historian of Egypt’s culture for over 60 years. She has both joined and led the trends in Egyptian art for several decades."

Artistic impact
Sirry and her art have majorly contributed to discourse pertaining to nationalism, cultural emancipation, gender politics, and individual freedoms within a sovereign state. She belongs to a generation of artists of artists that came to prominence in the years before Nasser’s Revolution.

International recognition
Sirry received several prestigious awards and prizes, including the following:
 * Prize of Rome,1952
 * Honorary Prize, Venezia Biennale,1956
 * Honorary Prize for Creative Painting, Cairo,1957
 * Second Prize  (lithography) Alexandria Biennale, 1959
 * First Prize (painting) Alexandria Biennale, 1963
 * First Prize, Salon du Caire, 1960
 * Fourth great Prize of International Contemporary Art, Monaco, 1968
 * State Prize and Order of Sciences and Arts of First Degree, 1970
 * Prize of Cairo Opera for Quadruple Tapestry Design, 1990
 * State Merit Prize, 2000

Collections
Sirry's work has been collected by the following institutions:
 * Egypt Modern Art Museum, Cairo
 * Alexandria Modern Art Museum
 * Marine Museum in Alexandria
 * The Egyptian National Bank in Cairo
 * Al-Ahram newspaper, Cairo
 * The Ministry of Foreigners and Egyptian embassies abroad
 * The Egyptian Art Academy in Rome
 * Arts and Sciences Museum in Evansville, Indiana, USA
 * Vincent Price Art Collection in Los Angeles, USA
 * Faculties of fine arts and art education in Cairo, Alexandria and Menia
 * Josef Museum of Unaligned Countries in Belgrade, Yugoslavia
 * Living Art Museum in Tunis
 * The Grand Conference Hall at Cairo Opera House and Cairo
 * The National Museum of Women Arts in Washington
 * Arab World Institute in Paris
 * Museum of Art and Sciences in Evansville, Indiana, USA
 * Unaligned Countries Museum in Yugoslavia
 * The American University in Cairo
 * Cairo Opera House
 * Great Cairo Library
 * Mubarak Public Library in Giza
 * The Supreme Council of Culture, Cairo
 * Press Syndicate, Cairo
 * Novotel Hotel in Cairo Airport
 * Sheraton Hotel in Giza
 * Sheraton Atoun Hotel in Nuba

title: Gazbia Sirry


text:
Talk:Free body diagram

Untitled
I found this page rather muddled. The basic points about the free body diagram are missing: Rather than getting bogged down with weight and inclined planes, it would be more useful to give clear instructions for static analysis (resolving forces and taking moments). That could lead to non-rotational dynamics, showing statics is a special case where acceleration is zero), and possibly also going on to rotational dynamics, introducing moment of inertia.
 * free body diagrams are useful for statics and dynamics, depending on whether or not the system is in equilibrium,
 * a free body must never include its supports (otherwise it would not need a reaction force to maintain equilibrium),
 * the force vectors on the diagram must show magnitude, direction and point of application.

--Jack Hale 10:52, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I am in absolute agreement with you. A free body diagram does not contain any objects other than the one which is being acted on by certain forces. The given examples are not, in my opinion, even free body diagrams. I am editing the first paragraph to define a FBD before it describes what it is used for.--Erik the guy 06:52, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Tried to clean up. -AndrewDressel (talk) 02:54, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Merge?
I think this article should be merged with section 1.2 of Classical mechanics. Jonathan48 18:28, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I considered a merge also, but then decided that maybe some example figures of free-body diagrams could go here and was going to make one or two. As-is I'd say its worthless, but I think it'd be worth keeping seperate with a figure.  Laura Scudder 00:35, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I do not think a merge will be helpful. I, and several of my classmates, have found it handy to use this individual page. It would benifit from being expanded however.--Erik the guy 06:50, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

Types of Forces
I believe that this article should be editted to include

Contact forces
 * Friction
 * Tension
 * Normal force
 * Air resistance
 * Applied Force

Non-Contact forces --Erik the guy 07:34, 5 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Gravity
 * Magnetism

This approach is, in my opinion, a dangerous road to tread pedagogically. It makes the student think that there exists an exhaustive list of every type of vector they'll ever need, and if they memorize that list, everything will be ok. But a physics student is constantly exposed to additional forces over their tenure. Even the sticky issue that there's no such thing as a "contact force" is further complicated by the question of what a fictional force is - it doesn't seem to fit into either of those categories, but should certainly be listed on a FBD when appropriate. Rather, the student should be encouraged to think about the specific situation at hand and attempt to list all the relevant effects on the object. I've always felt it was a mistake to categorize forces at this level, the whole beauty of FBDs is that they make no distinction between forces, every force is just a vector.

What I'd like to do is change the vector section to a very general discussion of how to construct a FBD, and then move the existing material into a separate "Example" section. I'll try to do that and see how people feel.

--Hyandat 23:53, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

Yah i sort of agree with you. We cannott offer a definitive list of all possible forces. We should attempt to compose a list of some of the most common forces however, and those given above are some of the standard ones. Fictional forces can even be lister seperatly from the other two (since they are not technically forces) I just think the wiki needs a bit more info than weight and normal force.--Erik the guy 00:32, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Internal Forces
Needs generalising to the use in eg beams (sometimes called a'cut-body diagram'??), to show internal forces, such as internal moment and shear.Linuxlad 11:35, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Issues with additional diagram
I've moved this additional diagram here to discuss the issues I believe it has:
 * 1) It is redundent, showing the same situation as the existing diagram except for the ramp sloping down to the left instead of the to the right.
 * 2) It includes the ramp, which is supposed to be replaced by forces in a free body diagram. The article already states "All external contacts and contraints are left out."
 * 3) It does not have the force arrows at their point of action: the normal and friction forces act on the bottom of the block, not not at the center of mass.
 * If another example would be helpful, it should at least be of a different object under different forces, and it should comply with the rest of the article. -AndrewDressel (talk) 14:08, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
 * The picture Image:Free_body_diagram_mod.png has been changed since the above comments were made. The current version, as of June 9, still has the following issues:
 * It includes the ramp, which is supposed to be replaced by forces in a free body diagram. The article already states "All external contacts and contraints are left out."
 * The normal force has been repositioned to reflect some type of analysis which cannot be performed without additional information such as the coefficient of friction and the acceleration of the block, if any. Wait a sec. My mistake. I see now that the caption specified "resting" on a ramp. While less general, that would be sufficient to located the resulting normal force correctly.
 * See further discussion below. -AndrewDressel (talk) 20:37, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

Image:Free Body Diagram.png
It needs to be modified, since it shows the frictional force going through its true line of action but the normal reaction going through the block's centroid, which is not, which is somewhat misleading. Thanks, BigBlueFish (talk) 16:08, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * To where do you propose to move the normal force arrow? Its exact location is not known without additional information and further analysis. -AndrewDressel (talk) 16:26, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I may stand to be corrected, but since the weight acts through the surface of contact, the normal reaction must act through the point on that surface vertically below the centre of mass, or there would be a net rotational acceleration. BigBlueFish (talk) 16:39, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * That would eliminate any moment due to the gravitational and the normal forces if they were in opposite directions, which they are not, and would not address the moment generated by the friction force. All of this only applies to the static case, which is not given. In fact, if the coefficient of friction is zero, then the normal force is correct as drawn. Otherwise, the acceleration must be known in order to correctly place the single, resultant normal force arrow. -AndrewDressel (talk) 16:50, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * If their lines of action intersect then there is no moment regardless of direction. BigBlueFish (talk) 17:06, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * This contradicts your statement above. Since the normal force is not parallel to the gravitational force, their lines of action will always intersect somewhere, no mater where the normal force is applied. That would mean that the normal force and the gravitational force could never create a moment, which is not true. -AndrewDressel (talk) 19:44, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * The normal and gravitational forces only produce a moment if the weight acts outside the surface of contact. Within this boundary the forces must cross on the surface or the frictional force exerts a moment with the other two. BigBlueFish (talk) 20:57, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, for a three-force member in static equilibrium. However, there is nothing about the diagram or the article that states that the block is not moving. -AndrewDressel (talk) 01:02, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Even in a dynamic case the block has no angular acceleration, and all acceleration occurs in a plane perpendicular to the normal reaction, so it is not affected. BigBlueFish (talk) 17:06, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * No angular acceleration is necessary for angular momentum to be a factor. A braking car will experience "weight shift" to the front wheels even if the suspension and the wheels are rigid. No rotation is necessary for this to occur. -AndrewDressel (talk) 19:44, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Forgive me if I find this a little hand-wavey. I'm not aware of any case in which the vertical force on the wheels of a braking car is imbalanced, or indeed there would be a net moment on the car. A truly rigid car has no angular momentum because its path has an infinite radius of curvature. BigBlueFish (talk) 20:57, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * No hand-waving necessary. It follows directly from the definition of angular momentum about a point, Hp = r/p x mv, and the correct application of angular momentum balance. You may read about it in the Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics article. The citation includes a link to a PDF copy of a statics and dynamics textbook published by Oxford University Press. -AndrewDressel (talk) 01:02, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Besides whatever effect or phenomenon you're trying to describe, the simple case that the diagram is trying to describe either shows a block in mechanical equilibrium on a plane or a block sliding down it, both of which are cases in which the free body illustrated experiences no net moment. BigBlueFish (talk) 20:57, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * There is no net moment only in the static (or constant velocity) case. If there is acceleration, then the net moment about any point must equal the cross product of the position vector from that point to the center of mass with the product of mass and acceleration vector of the center of mass:Mp = rcm/p x macm. Using a point that coincides with the center of mass provides no information, of course, because the position vector has zero length: the net moment about the center of mass is zero.
 * As for what I am showing in that diagram, it happens to coincide with option c of the three "sensible" ways to represent contact force distributions shown on page 95 of the same textbook mentioned above. One more option I've seen in a different text that is slightly more complicated is to indicate an unknown distance "d" from one edge to the point of application. -AndrewDressel (talk) 01:02, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

In the case where only three forces act on a body, a free body diagram must show all the forces acting through a common point. Sophia 19:30, 23 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I know of no sources that makes that assertion. Do you? While it is true that a three-force body in static equilibrium will have the line of action of all three forces going though a single point, free body diagrams, in general, can made of bodies not in static equilibrium. The article currently asserts that free body diagrams should show the point of application of a force. -AndrewDressel (talk) 19:46, 23 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Then make it clear it is not in static equilibrium. Any student of mine pulling up this article will be confused by the diagram as they are told these are most often used with the assumption of the particle model. Sophia
 * Hmmm. I guess it could be mentioned that the block is not necessarily in static equilibrium, just as there are probably many other false assumptions that could be warned against. That all the force lines of action must intersect at a single point is a conclusion one could draw from linear momentum balance, angular momentum balance, and a free body diagram such as this, if the block were not accelerating, not an assumption needed to draw it. -AndrewDressel (talk) 21:42, 23 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I've added a section about the assumptions made. Does it address your concerns? -AndrewDressel (talk) 17:13, 24 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Thinking about it today I realised there was information on this talk page that would be very useful in the article. As this article is about diagrams, and you do see them drawn with the arrows in different positions depending on the text book and the problem, it probably would be useful to have different examples. Certainly in As physics the static equilibrium case is used to determine the angle at which forces work so is very useful. Also having a diagram that shows the "before" and "after" of a free body diagram would be useful. I will have a look around my files and see if I have something suitable that I have already prepared. I know some of my students use wikipedia so it would be good if there was enough here to lessen the confusion they have with these diagrams! Sophia  18:26, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

Merger from Kinetic diagram
The Kinetic diagram seems like a special case of the free body diagram in which only the net force is shown. It could be made into a section in the free body diagram article. The kinetic diagram page is an orphan. -- AquaDTRS (talk) 00:31, 9 August 2018 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: 4A Wikipedia Assignment
— Assignment last updated by Kmijares (talk) 06:41, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Polygon of Forces is not the correct method to reference
Polygon of Forces is not the correct method to reference. The appropriate method is Vector addition (see link below). This is nothing more than the square of the sum of the component of each for in each axis of analysis. sqrt(Fx^2 + Fy^2 + Fz^2). This is the easiest and most commonly used method.

Euclidean vector - Wikipedia Joseph L. Moore NearlyMad 15:19, 28 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Free body diagram


text:
User:Reflex Reaction

'''Thanks for checking out my user page. But just to let you know I'm not editing much 'round here, so I may not be responsive to messages left on my talk page. I haven't left in a huff over any conflict, but have been busy with other aspects of life. I can still be reached by e-mail if I'm needed, but I don't have as much time to edit.'''

Click here if you wish to leave me a comment, or just check out what other people have said. I am also available by e-mail. If you are a vandal and or would like to vandalize something, please check out User:Reflex Reaction/Vandalism where I agree not to make any changes!!

If need help that requires and admin's attention, please feel free to ask. My sysops actions to date: blocks, protection, and deletes. If I am not available, see either Requests for administrator attention or List of administrators.

Wikiwork
I joined wikipedia in February 2005 (though I have some earlier edits) and became an administrator on October 28, 2005. After some inactivity, I decided to turn in my administrator privileges. I am heavily involved with the Missing article project, creating and continuing to work on a number of lists. You may also see me at articles for deletion, disambig repair, merging articles, fixing double redirects or welcoming new users. I also revert vandalism wherever I can find it. I consider myself a wikignome and have over 12,000 edits. Take this number with salt though, I try very hard to use the preview button and write edit summaries, so this number may be lower than my actual "contribution". I scored a 134 on the Wikipediholic test.

Links I've found useful

 * Process is important
 * Policies and guidelines
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 * Avoiding common mistakes
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I am an inclusionist and an eventualist, (see Wikipedia philosophies for some background). Despite this, I follow the notability guidelines for Importance for WP:AFD. I stand strong against censorship and ignorance. I believe that the majority of users are actually trying to help wikipedia, though there is a number of malicious or bored people enjoy ruining hard work of others. I also think that anonymous users provide minimal, but still very useful contributions.

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title: User:Reflex Reaction


text:
Krasnov (crater)

Krasnov is a lunar impact crater that is located in the southeastern part of the Montes Cordillera range, near the southwest limb of the Moon. From the Earth this crater appears foreshortened, and visibility can be affected by libration. To the north of Krasnov is the crater Eichstadt and to the southwest is Shaler, both along the edge of the Montes Cordillera mountain ring.

The rim of this crater is sharp-edged and not notably worn. Nevertheless, a pair of small, circular craters lie across the western rim. The loose material along its inner walls has slumped down to form a pile along the base of the sides. Within this sloping ring is a somewhat irregular interior floor.

The crater's name was formally adopted by the IAU in 1964, although the crater is sometimes spelled 'Krasnoff'.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Krasnov.

title: Krasnov (crater)


text: User talk:66.37.59.98

title: User talk:66.37.59.98


text:
User:Benk625

I am a young family man in Pennsylvania, America. I work two jobs to support my family. In my free time I try to balance family time, absorbing culture and learning whatever strikes my fancy.--Benk625 18:31, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Benk625


text:
T (New York City Subway service)

The T Second Avenue Local is a prospective rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. It is proposed to run on the Second Avenue Subway in Manhattan and its route symbol will be.

The first phase of the Second Avenue Subway opened in January 2017, from 63rd Street to 96th Street, and is served by the train. The full Second Avenue Line will be built in four phases, and the planned T service will not run until the third phase of the line opens from Houston Street to 63rd Street. Currently, the third phase is not funded or scheduled.

From 1961 to 1968, the T and TT designations were also used for trains running along the BMT West End Line in Brooklyn, which was replaced by the train and later by the W. The West End Line is now served by the.

Original service

The T designation was originally used for West End local and express trains in Brooklyn. The elevated BMT West End Line opened in 1916, replacing the original West End surface Line that opened in 1863 and branched off of the former Fifth Avenue Elevated. The BMT West End Line connected to the recently-opened BMT Fourth Avenue Line subway. The new elevated line's service was originally labeled 3 by the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT). On June 24, 1916, 3 service began running between 18th Avenue and Chambers Street on the BMT Nassau Street Line via the Manhattan Bridge and the Nassau Street Loop. This service was extended to 25th Avenue on July 29, 1916 and Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue on December 23, 1918.

On September 4, 1917, the first part of the BMT Broadway Line opened, and 3 service ran to 14th Street–Union Square. Chambers Street service was probably suspended until the remainder of the Nassau Street loop was completed. Service began running to the newly opened Times Square–42nd Street station on January 15, 1918. Service began running part-time to 57th Street–Seventh Avenue on July 10, 1919, and this extension was probably axed in 1920.

The BMT Nassau Street Line and the Nassau Loop were completed on May 31, 1931. Weekday rush hour service and Saturday morning local resumed service from Bay Parkway or 62nd Street to Chambers Street running via the Montague Tunnel, and returning via the Manhattan Bridge south tracks.

The Saturday morning rush hour local service to Chambers Street, on June 24, 1950, was discontinued. All express trains began running to 57th Street on May 2, 1957. On October 24, 1957, late night service was replaced by locals to Chambers Street, running via the tunnel in both directions, and terminating at Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue. Express service was eliminated during middays, being replaced by locals extended to Coney Island on May 28, 1959. At this time all locals to Chambers Street began running via the tunnel in both directions.

| R10–R38 rollsigns Letters began appearing in the summer of 1961, when R27 subway cars began running on the line. Express trains were given the label of T, and the locals were given the label of TT, in accordance with the Independent Subway System's old system labeling express trains with single letters and local trains with double letters. On January 1, 1961, rush hour T expresses began running to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard in along the BMT Astoria Line in Queens, and until April 2, 1962 so did Saturday service. TT local service on January 1 began running between Bay Parkway and Chambers Street. During middays, local service only ran between Coney Island and Chambers Street. After April 2, 1962, T service began running to 57th Street during evenings and Saturdays; on nights and Sundays TT shuttle service ran to 36th Street. On May 2, 1962, T trains ceased stopping at 49th Street.

Post-Chrystie Street Connection
The T was discontinued on November 26, 1967, after the Chrystie Street Connection opened. This connection linked the new express tracks of the IND Sixth Avenue Line to the Manhattan Bridge, allowing for increased subway service between Brooklyn and Midtown Manhattan. As a consequence, the connection between the Nassau Street Line and the Manhattan Bridge was severed, ending the Nassau Street Loop in Lower Manhattan. The BB, a Sixth Avenue Line service which formerly operated solely in Manhattan, was now extended to Brooklyn via the Manhattan Bridge, running along the BMT Fourth Avenue Line and BMT West End Line to Coney Island. This new B service replaced T and TT service into Manhattan. However, late-night and Sunday shuttle service between Coney Island and 36th Street was still labeled TT. The new color scheme for subway routes introduced that day included a blue TT bullet. On July 1, 1968, the TT designation was discontinued entirely with late-night and Sunday shuttle service labeled B instead.

In the 40 or so years after the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection, a series of service changes caused by construction work led to service patterns temporarily mimicking those of the original T and TT services. From April 26, 1986 to December 11, 1988, the northern tracks of the Manhattan Bridge, leading to the Sixth Avenue Line, closed for repairs, akin to the conditions of the subway prior to the opening of the Chrystie Street Connection. During this time, the T's old service pattern was almost exactly recreated, with B service running via Broadway Express from Coney Island to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard during rush hours, and during middays, evenings and weekends to Queensboro Plaza. The TT's route via the BMT Nassau Street Line was replicated in 1987, when the M was rerouted from the Brighton Line to the West End Line running to Bay Parkway. The M ran on the BMT Nassau Street and West End Lines on weekdays until June 25, 2010.

The Manhattan Bridge's north side tracks closed for repairs again on July 22, 2001; B service in Brooklyn via the Sixth Avenue Line was replaced by the new service, running via Broadway express to Astoria-Ditmars Boulevard, essentially recreating the T route once again. This lasted until February 22, 2004, when, following the completion of repairs to the Manhattan Bridge, the was rerouted over the West End Line, providing full-time service via Sixth Avenue Express, which continues today.

The T bullet appeared on some rollsigns on older railcars as a black letter on a white circle. The T was programmed into R44 and R46 side signs as a West End route, with various Broadway, Sixth Avenue and Nassau Street designations.

Designation
During planning for the Second Avenue Subway in the early 2000s, the MTA decided to designate the line's future full-length service with the letter T, in part because:
 * The letters O and I are too easily confused with the digits 0 and 1, respectively.
 * The letter K was used until the late 1980s to denote services on the IND Eighth Avenue Line, and earlier on the BMT Jamaica Line, and thus is not preferred.
 * The letter V was in use at the time (and until 2010) to denote services on the IND Sixth Avenue Line and IND Queens Boulevard Line.
 * H is the Rockaway Park Shuttle's internal route designator.
 * The letters P, U and Y are more easily confused with common words.

The T's route emblem is colored (hex triplet #00ADD0, which could also be considered robin's egg blue or teal) because the color had also been used for the JFK Express in the past. In 2011, turquoise was considered "the color of the year", and at the time of the color's selection in the 2000s, it was also considered a very upscale color.

Planned service pattern
When the construction of the Second Avenue Subway's Phase 3 is completed, the proposed T service will operate from Harlem–125th Street to Houston Street. After Phase 4 opens, T service will run the full length of the line, from Harlem–125th Street to Hanover Square. The new T service is planned to operate at a frequency of 14 trains per hour during rush hours.

As planned, the T will use the following lines with the same service pattern at all times.

Planned station listing
Should Phase 3 of the Second Avenue Subway be built, the proposed T route would run entirely in Manhattan and would be the only non-shuttle New York City Subway service to run only within one borough.

title: T (New York City Subway service)


text:
Talk:Glendale train crash/to do

 * Add photos of the accident scene and/or the grade crossing where it occurred
 * Add a diagram showing how it occurred
 * Maybe add a photo of the defendant in the criminal investigation?
 * As the various investigative agencies release their reports (i.e. NTSB, police, etc.), summarize their findings for the article.

title: Talk:Glendale train crash/to do


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Nagwa Fouad

Nagwa Fouad (نجوى فؤاد, Arabic: ; born Awatef Mohamed Agami (عواطف محمد) on 17 January 1939) is an Egyptian belly dancer and actress. She has appeared in around fifty Egyptian films.

Family
Nagwa was born as Awatef Mohamed Agami, in Alexandria to a middle-class Egyptian family from Agami region. Her father was Egyptian, her mother from Jaffa in British Palestine, where her father met and married the mother. Only a few months after the return to Jaffa the mother died by cancer. As a result of the 1948 Palestine war and the Nakba her family came back to Egypt, so Nagwa spent some time in a refugee camp near the Suez Canal, before returning to her father's and birth city in Agami.

She then changed her Egyptian folk name (Awatef) to a more artistic sounding one.

Career
She began belly dancing in the early 1960s. In 1976, the composer Mohammed Abdel Wahab wrote an entire musical piece exclusively for her belly dancing show titled "Amar Arbatashar" (a popular Egyptian slang term meaning the "full Moon of the 14th (day)"), it was her transition from traditional oriental dance to a choreographed stage performances.

After Fouad's marriage to Ahmed Fouad Hassan, the prominent Egyptian violin player, composer and conductor, she danced in the stage show Adwoua El-Madina (City Lights), which had featured such performers as Abdel Halim Hafez, Fayza Ahmed, Shadia and Sabah. Fouad featured on many of the covers of the Ahmed Fouad Hassan's albums.

Fouad says: "Hassan nurtured my amateur's talents... He taught me the importance of studying and working on my talent if I wanted to be a big star." She also trained some Western dances at the Nelly Mazloum Dance School and joined the National Dance Troupe to study Western folklore with Russian teachers.

Nagwa Fouad learned showmanship and eye-catching techniques that she used in her performances of "Ayoub El-Masri" ("Ayoub, The Egyptian") and "Bahiya wa Yassin". In 1976, composer Mohamed Abdel-Wahab wrote "Qamar Arbaa-tashar" (Blue Moon or 14th moon) for her. Her stage performance to this piece allowed her to change the way belly-dancing was presented on stage, transforming it from traditional oriental dance to more of a choreographed lavish spectacle, adding more dramatic elements to it than ever before.

The composition served as a transition for Fouad: "I was able to combine the oriental dancing of Tahiya Karioka and Samia Gamal with Na'ema's acrobatic style and created a stage show like a dramatic piece" she says. Fouad offered original stage shows in five star hotels and productions for television for many years, not only in raqs sharqi, but also using inspiration from raqs sha'biyya (noted as folklore, or 'baladi') sometimes with folk singer, Fatma Serhan, and often with chorus ensembles of other dancers. Fouad established her own dance group, but it did not last long; she later tried to retire from dancing to become actress. She played on the stage and in the cinema and finally became a cinema producer.

Political Views
In 2019, Fuad expressed her support for the regime of Abd al-Fattah al-Sisi.

Famous performances

 * 1976 Qamar Arba'tashar (Moon of the 14th). Music by prominent composer Mohammed Abdel Wahab.

title: Nagwa Fouad


text:
Talk:Hungarian Workers' Party

Comments
i think it's an exaggeration to say that this party "has always opposed capitalism". that's not quite the case. i mean if you look at the platform it's just a reformist socialdemocratic one. raising taxes, spending more on health care, education, pensions, transit and such. maybe some nationalizations, but they're not really calling for that, by no means total at least. so the platform is not a communist one, that's for sure. but all this is irrelevant. because everyone knows in Hungary, and sociological studies has also shown this, that what holds together these people has nothing to do with proposed policies, but rather just nostalgia for the kádár years, for "the good old days" of police terror, censorship, state monopoly of the press, free beer on may day and so on. this is obvious when you take a look at the voting block of Munkáspárt - it is extremely old, and almost totally made up of former party members and apparatchiks. the party's platform in itself is the most left-wing in the country and in spite of this (and contrary to other such parties in Europe) they have no young voters at all, for the same reasons again. i think that these things should be mentioned in the article.

Munkaspart have young voters. I've met them myself. --Soman 21:42, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

young voters
of course it has some young voters, obviously i didn't mean to suggest that the number of them is exactly 0. but the proportion of youngsters in the voting block of munkáspárt is extremely low, almost zero. i'm quite sure that it is the lowest percentage in comparison with all (significant) other parties in Hungary. in radical left/green parties of western europe, US etc. you find exactly the opposite. the reason for this is quite clear IMHO, as i tried to describe. i also think that this is the most important fact about munkáspárt (namely that it's a nostalgia party and not a radical leftist group) so maybe it should be mentioned in the article. of course it can become a radical leftist party once in the future (and there are some indications for that), but right now it has really nothing to do with that, just take a look at their paper or website (it's full of stories of the good ol' days, no connections with radical groups of the west, on the other hand they did have some with milosevics, saddam hussein - hardly socialist figures, to say the least...). (BTW i'm hungarian and under 25 and i've never met or seen young voters of MP. of course i acknowledge the fact that there are some, but it's very rare). at least that's what i recall (about the age structure of their voters), but correct me if i'm wrong about the figures.

 * Look, I think you do have points in what you write. My main experience with Munkaspart is that I participated at a summer camp of their youth wing (Balodali Front) 3 years ago. However, if the argument should be included in the article, there needs to be some certification or source, such as from detailed opinion polls or statistic on age of party members. --Soman 09:23, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

split?
The following was added today by an anon user "Hey people! It's time to change the title, because the party broke away to two parts: "Hungarian Communist Workers' Party", led by Gyula Thürmer, and "Workers' Party of Hungary 2006", led by János Fratanoló."

I haven't heard any detailed info on this, but on the Munkaspart website the name 'Hungarian Communist Workers Party' is used on the front page but seemingly not on other pages. Was there a decision to change the name on the 20th Congress held recently? --Soman 23:37, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

 * My Hungarian is not so great but these text seems to point at it: "2005. november 12-én ülést tartott a Munkáspárt Központi Bizottsága.

A Pártszavazást Ellenörző Bizottság tájékoztatta a Központi Bizottságot arról, hogy a július 25-i határozata alapján lezajlott a szavazás a párt névváltoztatásáról, miszerint a párt új neve: Magyar Kommunista Munkáspárt.

A Pártszavazást Ellenörző Bizottság jelentése szerint a párt tagságának 71%-a szavazott arról, hogy megváltoztassa-e a Munkáspárt a nevét. Ebből 99 % szavazott érvényesen.

A Magyar Kommunista Munkáspárt névre igennel szavazott a szavazók 78 %-a, nemmel 17 %. Nem szavazott a szavazólapon 4 %.

A Központi Bizottság megbízta a párt Elnökségét, hogy a bíróságon jelentse be a párt új nevét.

A Központi Bizottság ezenkívül összehívta a Munkáspárt 21. kongresszusát 2005. december 17-re.

A KB visszahívta elnöskégi tagságából Fratanolo Jánost, megszavazta a párt országos listáját a jövő évi országgyűlési választásokon.

A Munkáspárt önállóan indul, mind a 176 körzetben a következő országgyűlési választásokon. A 2006-os parlamenti választásokon induló képviselőjelöltjei ezen a napon írták alá a „szerződésüket” a Munkáspárttal, és a KB ülésen bemutatásra kerültek." --Soman 23:40, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Munkaspart.gif
Image:Munkaspart.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 02:58, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Referendum on NATO membership
The Parlament did indeed block the referendum of the Worker's Party on December 18, 1995, by this decision. There are two forms of referenda in Hungary, bounding and non-bounding with different rules. Also, there can be no referendum concerning (among others) matters of international    treaties. Kope (talk) 16:21, 12 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hungarian Workers' Party


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adrian John Flook

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was no consensus. Mackensen (talk) 05:30, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Adrian John Flook
Where does Wikipedia stand on minor British politicians? Adrian John Flook receives 74 hits on google. Is this enough to justify an article on Wikipedia? If so, how do politicians differ in measurement of importance from other notable figures within fields such as entertainment, science, technology and other subcultures? GRider\talk 18:36, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Though I personally disagree, consensus seems to be that anybody who gets elected for a governmental position is worthy of inclusion. Radiant! 20:27, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC) I actually doubt that it is consensual. Radiant! 13:05, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * If this is a general concensus, even for minor politicians, should it then become an official guideline somewhere, rather than an unwritten rule? I cannot locate any document which states we are bound to include any and all political figures.  GRider\talk 20:53, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree, we should talk about this. Anyway including any voted official would be silly, as every city has several dozens of them. I believe they should instead be included in the appropriate city article. (qv discussion on Chicago eldermen, on feb/15th). Oh, and yes that means I vote to delete this one. Radiant! 09:23, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * For me, this sort of article is spot on the line. Abstain. Wyss 20:29, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, since the trend seems to be to include all members of national legislative bodies (Representatives and Senators in the U.S., MPs in Canada and the U.K., etc.). --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 04:21, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. It should be possible to write an encyclopedic article about any MP. -- Jmabel | Talk 07:58, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Surely one could argue it should be possible to write an encyclopedic article about anyone, period? What distinguishes this person from my neighbor down the street?  GRider\talk 17:34, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur with Grider. Delete. Radiant! 13:05, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, just under the bar of notability. Megan1967 07:14, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious keep.--Centauri 12:22, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - David Gerard 23:08, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I can't see how MPs can be not encyclopedic while members of US Congress are (and some people want to have articles on people who unsuccessfully ran for Congress). Keep because he's a politician on a national level. Any smaller and I'd likely have voted to delete. -R. fiend 23:12, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Icel

Would anyone like to provide references for the following statement:
 * ''He was also a 43rd-great-grandfather of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and a 40th-great grandfather of Louis XVII of France.

--Oldak Quill 18:36, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

In Cnebba, it says that he was Xth great-grandfather of Churchill, Why would this be "he may be"?

title: Talk:Icel


text:
Samia Gamal

Samia Gamal (سامية جمال, born as Zaynab Khalil Ibrahim Mahfuz (زينب خليل إبراهيم محفوظ), 5 March 1924 – 1 December 1994) was an Egyptian belly dancer and film actress.

Biography
Born in the small Egyptian town of Wana in March 1924, Samia's family moved just months later to Cairo and settled near the Khan El-Khalili bazaar. It was many years later that Samia Gamal met Badia Masabni, the owner of a big Cairo nightclub back then. Badia offered Samia an invitation to join her dance company, which Samia accepted. Badia Masabni gave her the stage name Samia Gamal, and she began her dance career.

At first, she studied under Badia and Badia's star dancer at the time, Tahiya Karioka. However she soon became a respected soloist and brought forth her own style. Samia Gamal incorporated techniques from ballet and Latin dance into her solo performances. She was also the first to perform with high-heeled shoes on stage. She starred in dozens of Egyptian films next to the famous Farid Al Attrach. They could be thought of as the Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers of the Middle East. They not only played each other's love interest on the silver screen but also in real life. However, their love was not meant to be. Because of Farid's social position, he refused to marry Samia. Farid believed that marriage kills artist talent, he never married. Some claim that Farid as a Druze prince, told her it would bring too much shame to his family for him to marry a belly dancer; but the claim is baseless. Farid helped place Samia on the National Stage by risking all he owned, and managed to borrow to produce a film (Habib al omr) co-starring with her in 1947.

In 1949, Egypt's King Farouk proclaimed Samia Gamal "The National Dancer of Egypt", which brought US attention to the dancer. In 1950, Samia came to the US and was photographed by Gjon Mili. She also performed in the Latin Quarter, New York's trendy nightclub. She later married the so-called "Texas millionaire" Shepherd King III, whom, it was later reported only had about $50,000. However, their marriage did not last long.

In 1958, Samia Gamal married Rushdy Abaza, one of the most famous Egyptian actors with whom Samia starred in a number of films, notably the box-office hit The Second Man (1959) alongside Egypt's iconic actor Salah Zulfikar, one of the most famous Egyptian actors, and Sabah, famous actress and singer and directed by the legendary Egyptian film director Ezz El-Dine Zulficar, this film became an Egyptian masterpiece and the most notable role in Samia Gamal's cinematic career. In 1972, she stopped dancing when she was nearly in her 50s but began again after given advice by Samir Sabri. She then danced until the early 1980s.

Samia Gamal died on 1 December 1994, at 70 years of age in Cairo. Samia's charismatic performances in Egyptian and international films gave Egypt's Oriental Dance recognition and admiration in Egypt and worldwide.

Tribute
On 5 March 2017, Google dedicated a Doodle to the actress for the 93rd anniversary of her birth. The Doodle reached all the countries of the Arab World.

Filmography

 * Samia Forever (Documentary, 2003)
 * Fabulous Samia Gamal, The, (Documentary, 2003)
 * The Stars of Egypt: Volume 3: Samia Gamal, Part I (Film, 19??)
 * The Stars of Egypt: Volume 3: Samia Gamal, Part II (Film, 19??)
 * Saat al-Sifr (Film, 1972)
 * al-Shaytan wa-al-Kharif (Film, 1972)
 * Bint al-Hatah (Film, 1964)
 * Zuqaq al-Madaq (Film, 1963)
 * Tarik al shaitan aka The Way of the Devil (Film, 1963)
 * Marhaban Ayuha al-Hubb (Film, 1962)
 * Abu al-Layl (Film, 1962)
 * Waada el hub a.k.a. And Love Returned (Film, 1961)
 * Sukar Hanim (Film, 1960)
 * Wa Ada al-Hubb (Film, 1960)
 * Nagham el hazine, El a.k.a. Sad Melody (Film, 1960)
 * El Ragul el thani, El a.k.a. The Second Man (Film, 1959)
 * Kull daqqa fi qalbi a.k.a. Every Beat of My Heart (Film, 1959)
 * Maweed maa maghoul a.k.a. Rendezvous with a Stranger (Film, 1959)
 * Gharam al-miliunayr a.k.a. Love of the Millionaire (Film, 1957)
 * Habiby al-Asmar (Film, 1957)
 * Desert Warrior aka Desert Warrior (Film, 1956)
 * Zanubah (Film, 1956)
 * Awwal Gharam (Film, 1956)
 * Masque de Toutankhamon, Le aka Trésor des pharaons, Le (Film, 1955)
 * Sigarah wa kas a.k.a. A Glass and a Cigarette (Film, 1955)
 * Ali Baba et les quarante voleurs aka Ali Baba; Ali Baba wa-al-Arbain Harami ; Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1954 film) (Film, 1954)
 * Valley of the Kings (Film, 1954)
 * Nachala hanem a.k.a. The Lady Pickpocket (Film, 1952)
 * Raqsat al-wadah a.k.a. The Farewell Dance (Film, 1954)
 * Ketar el lail a.k.a. The Night Train (Film, 1953)
 * Al-wahsh a.k.a. The Monster (Film, 1952)
 * Ma takulshi la hada a.k.a. Tell No-one; Don't Tell Anyone (Film, 1952)
 * Intiqam al-Habib (Film, 1951)
 * Khad al-Jamil (Film, 1951)
 * Taa la salim a.k.a. Come and Say Hello (Film, 1951)
 * Asmar wa-Jamil (Film, 1950)
 * Akher kedba a.k.a. The Final Lie (Film, 1950)
 * Sat al-Husn (Film, 1950)
 * Amir al-Intiqam a.k.a. The Count of Monte Cristo (Film, 1950)
 * Sakr, El a.k.a. The Falcon (Film, 1950)
 * Nuit des étoiles, La (Film, 1950)
 * Afrita hanem a.k.a. Lady Afrita; Lady Genie; Little Miss Devil; The Genie Lady (Film, 1949)
 * Agaza fel gahannam a.k.a. Holidays in Hell (Film, 1949)
 * Bahebbak inta a.k.a. I Love You Only (Film, 1949)
 * Hawk of the Nile (Film, 1949)
 * Bint al-Haz (Film, 1948)
 * Mughamer, El a.k.a. The Adventurer (Film, 1948)
 * Sahibat el amara a.k.a. The Landlady (Film, 1948)
 * El Ahdab a.k.a. The Hunchback (Film, 1947)
 * El Ersane talata a.k.a. The Three Suitors (Film, 1947)
 * Habib al omr a.k.a. The Love of My Life (Film, 1947)
 * al-Bani adam a.k.a. Sons of Adam (Film, 1945)
 * Sharazad (film) (Film, 1945)
 * Ahmar Shafayif (Film, 1945)
 * Al-Jins al-Latif (Film, 1945)
 * Taxi hantur a.k.a. A Hansom Carriage (Film, 1945)
 * Al-hub al-Awwal (Film, 1945)
 * Abnaty (film, 1944)
 * Russassa fil al-Qalb a.k.a. A Bullet in the Heart (Film, 1944)
 * Khafaya al-Madinah (Film, 1943)
 * Min Fat Qadimuh (Film, 1943)
 * Mamnu al-Hob (Film, 1943)
 * Ali Baba wa al arbain harame a.k.a. Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (Film, 1942)
 * Gawhara (Film, 1942)

title: Samia Gamal


text:
Talk:Scalpel

Where
Where can I locate the history of the surgical scalpel?

Ancient Egyptians used sharpened obsidian for surgery and embalming. I've never heard of using a piece of papyrus. One probably couldn't cut through flesh with papyrus, which is a grass, so until someone who knows more about Egyptian archaeology than I do cites an example, I'm removing it and replacing it with obsidian.BrianGCrawfordMA 00:14, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

I've heard mention of papyrus being used as well--for eye surgery, I believe. And, you know, the thought of someone poking at my eyeball with a piece of sharpened grass gives me new respect for Ancient Egyptians...

Incidentally, I've also heard that plate glass blades are used on occasion in modern times, due to the incredible edge they can be given. Of course, in both cases I've said "I've heard" rather than giving sources, but that is more because I'm a lazy, lazy man...--Raulpascal 18:03, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

 * There seem to be glass knives made for cutting specimens for microscopy, tough daimond knives have replaced them for the more precise cuts. The article I've linked to, Glass knives have no sources though... Johan G 12:03, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Etymology
Etymology of the words scalpel and lancet should also be included in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:2003:F462:1C00:B427:9EDE:1A69:1D1B (talk) 17:57, 8 December 2015 (UTC)

Need photos
Ideally there would be a picture of each blade and handle listed in the article. Cburnett 05:25, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

Photos would also be useful for the grips 109.207.29.2 (talk) 16:01, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

Disposal
I would like to see some information on disposal of blades. I know in medical institutions blades are probably disposed of with other medical waste, but I am always confused about how best to dispose of the blades I use for arts and crafts.217.43.98.52 (talk) 16:12, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

More about Scalpels on Wikisurgery
I have been in discussion with the Editors of WikiProject Medicine about a possible linkage between Wikipedia and Wikisurgery.

Wikisurgery contains an unrivalled amount of operative information in the shape of unique operative scripts and images.

The information is aimed primarily at the surgical trainee and other hospital staff, but is of great interest to the general Wipedian, judging by the hit rate when some of this information found its way, unofficially, onto Wikipedia for a short while. The practical information greatly exceeds that in most surgical articles in Wikipedia. The scripts are detailed enough to include, not only the basic surgical information, but also the tips, hints, pearls and what ifs that make surgery an art as much as a science.

In the special field of surgery, the loose, flexible structure of Wikisurgery should form a valuable complementary information source to the disciplined, neutral approach of Wikipedia.

At the suggestion of a WikiProject Medicine Editor, I propose here an article called More about Scalpels in a Wikipedia format. The article is part of a basic surgical training program to be found on-line on Wikisurgery.

I should welcome your comments.

NB All the images on this article come from Wikisurgery.

I have the copyright on all the images.

I wish to retain the copyright.

I understand that the images may be removed from Wikipedia in 7 days.

I will reload them as required.

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Michael Harpur Edwards (talk • contribs) 14:26, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Article

This subsection has text and images from an interactive multimedia training program on [[Wikisurgery] for basic surgical skills, called PrimeSkills in Surgery. You can use this subsection on its own or follow the whole program (further details at the end of this subsection).

How to use a scalpel

Introduction
A scalpel may appear alarming at first.

This is a useful safety reaction and should mean that you will learn carefully and steadily.

A small minority of trainees develop an aggressive gung-ho tendency when holding a scalpel.

This should be suppressed completely.

If it persists, the trainee should not continue with the program.

Holding a scalpel
For fine work with a No 15 blade, hold the scalpel like a pen.

This is the correct way of holding a pen, using a tripod grip.

The three parts of the tripod are the side of the middle finger and the tips of the index and thumb.

(Other ways of holding a pen, such as placing it between the sides of the thumb, index and ring finger, are unacceptable.)

This grip enables the surgeon to:

 * Flex and extend the digits, so that the scalpel moves in and out during delicate dissections.

 * Rotate the handle of the scalpel with the thumb, so the scalpel can cut small diameter curves.

The most usual grip with a No 10 or 22 blade is as if you are holding a table knife.

(This is the polite way of holding a table knife)

The handle rests in the palm of the hand.

The digits and hand are largely on top of the scalpel unlike with the pen grip.

This means that the scalpel can be held close to the surface of the tissues when cutting, without the digits and hand getting in the

way as in the pencil grip.

The grip is quite gentle.

For tougher tissues, such as the skin on the back, grip more firmly and place your index finger on the top of the handle rather than

on the side.

This will let you increase the downward pressure of the blade on the tissue.

For more delicate tissue, hold the handle between the thumb on one side and the four fingertips on the other.

The handle does not touch the hand.

Holding the scalpel in the fist or like a dagger is far too clumsy.

DO NOT dissect with the handle of the scalpel.

You will be concentrating on the site of dissection and may accidentally cut your assistant.

DO NOT hold the scalpel in your hand while using another instrument.

You may accidentally cut the patient as you concentrate on the dissection area.

ALWAYS pass the scalpel to someone else handle first.

Preferrably, place the scalpel in a dish for the scrub nurse to pick out.

DO NOT throw the scalpel down onto the bench (or onto the patient.)

How to cut with a scalpel
The part of the blade that does the cutting is the curve and not the tip. This means that you need to drag the curve of the blade across the tissue.

Scratching with the tip of the blade is a beginner's error.

(A scalpel with a straight blade should be reserved for stab incisions such as for a drain tube.)

You will feel the curved blade cutting into the tissue.

Go slowly and gently at first with repeated strokes in the same place, until you see how much the blade is cutting the tissue.

Brace your hands and fingers so that you make controlled movements without the blade suddenly slipping.

Press harder at the beginnings and ends of incisions to allow for the less efficient cutting action at the tip and the back of the blade.

Rock the handle to enhance this effect.

For a right handed surgeon, incisions are most easily made from left to right, cutting towards the surgeon.

Cutting from right to left is more difficult. Curved incisions are made by rotating the scalpel. Curves up to 4cm. radius or so are best made by rotating the scalpel between finger and thumb.

Curves larger than 4cm. need rotation of the scalpel using the wrist, elbow, and finally the shoulder.

For a right handed surgeon, clockwise curves are easier to do than anticlockwise ones.

Be prepared for a greater tendency to miss the planned track and more slips when cutting an anticlockwise curve.

Incisions need to be made with the blade perpendicular to the tissues to avoid slicing.

Slicing will devascularise the thinner side of the incision.

(NB. Slicing with the blade held at an angle to the tissues is done deliberately when dissecting with a scalpel.)

Planning
As well learning HOW to cut with a scalpel, learning WHERE to cut is vitally important. Each incision has a start point, a path, a depth and a finish point. e.g. The positions of the start and finish points of an ellipse incision will determine the final line of the scar.

The path and the depth of the incision determine whether there is enough clearance around a tumour. With real tissues, once an incision is made, there is no going back.

Mistakes are not acceptable.

On simulated tissue, learn to plan your incisions with this degree of precision.

Next subsection, click on Scalpel 08 Exercises Last subsection, click on Scalpel 06 How scalpels work Surgical Education and Training page, click on Surgical Education and Training Whole program on WikiSurgery.com, click on PrimeSkills in Surgery Whole program on CD-ROM, click on Michael Edwards

Michael Harpur Edwards (talk) 13:33, 18 June 2008 (UTC)]] 14.40, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Editor comments

 * As per Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Medicine/Archive 8, an example where a useful external link. However directly hosting this is a problem as Wikipedia is not a how-to guide - an external link to your site describing this is clearly fine (by me). Otherwise change in approach is needed to move away from a guide to a more encyclopaedic coverage, eg last sentance of "On simulated tissue, learn to plan your incisions with this degree of precision." would perhaps come under "Surgeons now practice their technique on artificial simulated tissue"

 * There is really good material here, just question of how best to use/incorporate it :-) David Ruben Talk 22:09, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I also think that an external link to this page on Wikisurgery is a much preferable approach. Wikipedia is NOT a how-to guide; it is also not written for the convenience of medical students or the edification of surgeons (or other professionals).  Please consider WP:MEDMOS as well, when you're trying to decide whether material is appropriate for this general encyclopedia.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 22:37, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Lancet?
Should the section on the lancet be it's own section. I think it's looks totally out of place just floating there... Is a lancet even used for medical surgery? If it is, it should be absorbed by the surgery section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Intothewoods29 (talk • contribs) 18:45, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

Anatomical Snuffbox
It seems to me that the anatomical snuffbox term is being misused by the article.

Under "Pencil Grip":

The scalpel is held with the tips of the first and second fingers and the tip of the thumb with the handle resting on the "anatomical snuff box," at the fleshy base of the index finger and thumb.

It sounds like the article is referring to the gap between the thumb and first finger, while the "anatomical snuffbox" is a depression that forms near the wrist.

I've removed the mention because it is not vital to the article and if incorrect it may cause confusion.

If the article's use is correct, then please put the mention back in.

V8Cougar (talk) 22:19, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Probably happened because the image depicting the anatomical snuffbox is slightly ambiguous and people can mistaken the area for the place between the thumb and index finger. I updated the image with an arrow head (changed to yellow circle) to specify it more clearly. - M0rphzone (talk) 02:21, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

History
For such a basic medical device, which has existed for so long, I'd be very curious to know the history of the scalpel. It is a subject I am currently researching, but am not at all qualified to write about. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.231.4.175 (talk) 06:26, 13 October 2012 (UTC)

Why does Lancet redirect here?
I came looking for information on the historical lancet, that was used for blood-letting. The only article titled Lancet, was for the publication. It had a link for lancet, which directed here. There's more information here on craft/hobby use, tyan on proper historical lancets. Historical lancets should hage their own proper article, even if it's embarrassing to doctors. As it stands, this isn't very encyclopedic. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.206.176.39 (talk) 16:26, 31 December 2014 (UTC)

Scalpel Injuries section: When? and Where? tags
The Scalpel injuries section has long had one When? tag and one Where? tag. The section was contributed in 2007 by someone who was not logged in as a user and is unlikely now to provide the necessary clarifications. I am amending the text and removing the tags based on the date and the cited source of the "offending" contribution. --Frans Fowler (talk) 21:06, 3 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scalpel


text:
Flathead

Flathead(s) or flat-head may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * "Flathead" EP, by The Fratellis
 * "Flathead" (song), by The Fratellis
 * Flathead (film), a 2024 Australian film
 * The ruling family of the Great Underground Empire in the Zork adventure game series, such as Zork Zero

Peoples

 * Bitterroot Salish, or Flathead people, one of three tribes of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation in Montana
 * Choctaw, a southeastern Native American group also known as the Flatheads
 * Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation, known as the Flathead, or Flathead Indian (or Amerindian) tribe

Places

 * Flathead Valley, also known as The Flathead, a region of the U.S. state of Montana
 * Flathead County, Montana
 * Flathead High School, a school in Kalispell, Montana
 * Flathead Indian Reservation, Montana
 * Flathead Lake, Montana
 * Flathead National Forest, Montana
 * Flathead River, Montana

Technology

 * Flathead engine, a valve configuration
 * Flat-head screw, a screw with a flat top, designed to be installed in a countersunk hole
 * Flat-head screwdriver, a screwdriver designed to turn slotted screws

Fish

 * Platycephalidae, a family of fish known as flatheads
 * Flathead (fish), various species of fish in this family
 * Flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), a species of fish found in North America
 * Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus), a fish species in the mullet family Mugilidae, widespread
 * Flat-headed loach (Oreonectes platycephalus), a species of cyprinid fish
 * Pseudaphritis urvillii, species of fish also known as freshwater flathead and marbled flathead

Other animals

 * Flat-headed cat, a small wild cat
 * Flat-headed frog (Limnodynastes depressus), a species of frog found in Australia
 * Flat-headed kusimanse (Crossarchus platycephalus), a species of mongoose found in West Africa
 * Flat-headed myotis (Myotis planiceps), a species of vesper bat found in Mexico
 * Flat-headed salamander (Desmognathus planiceps), a species of salamander found in the US
 * Flat-headed shrew (Crocidura planiceps), a species of mammal found in Africa

Other uses

 * The Flathead gang, also known as The Flatheads, a group of bank robbers led by Paul Jaworski

title: Flathead


text:
Shevah Weiss

Shevah Weiss (שבח וייס; 5 July 1935 – 3 February 2023) was an Israeli politician who served as Knesset Speaker under Yitzhak Rabin. He was Israel's ambassador to Poland and chairman of Yad Vashem.

Biography
Shevah Weiss was born in Borysław, Poland to Gienia and Meir Wolf Weiss. During the Holocaust, his father built a hiding place for the family behind the wall of their store. He built bunk beds, one on top of the other, up to the ceiling. Weiss lived in this tiny space with his parents, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, cousin and neighbor. Later they lived in the basement of a children’s orphanage. Neighbors provided them with food and water. Weiss recalls: "My father cooked a soup consisting of one potato and water for our whole group. But in the end, we were reduced to chewing book covers made of genuine leather." Weiss later expressed his gratitude to the families who saved him, whom he described as “amazing people, my heroes…[who] will always be in my heart”.

Weiss immigrated to Palestine in 1947. He graduated from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with a BA in International Relations in 1961. He went on to earn an MA in Political Science and contemporary Jewish studies and a PhD.

Weiss was married to Esther, with whom he had two children. Dr. Esther Weiss died of cancer in 2005.

Academic career
In 1975, Weiss he became a professor at the University of Haifa.

Political, civic and diplomatic career
Weiss served as a member of the board of the Haifa municipality between 1969 and 1981, when he was elected to the Knesset as a member of the Alignment. Between 1988 and 1992, he served as a Deputy Speaker of the Knesset, and between 1992 and 1996 as Speaker. He lost his seat in the 1999 elections.

On November 4, 1995, Weiss was on stage with Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres at the peace rally in Tel Aviv where Rabin was assassinated.

In 2000 he became a president of the Yad Vashem Council. From 2001 to 2003, he served as an Israeli ambassador in Poland. On 4 January 2004, for his contribution to the cooperation between Poland and Israel, President Aleksander Kwaśniewski awarded him the Grand Cross (1st class) of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland.

Weiss spoke Hebrew, Yiddish, Polish, Russian and English. He died on 3 February 2023 in Tel Aviv, at the age of 87.

title: Shevah Weiss


text:
Talk:Iwama Shin-Shin Aiki Shuren-kai

Untitled
Where in the world does Iwama Ryu exist today - and is it indeed the same organisation, not a new one that picked up the old name? I could very well be ignorant here (as a Swede I of course mainly see the Evenås branch) so I would be grateful for facts. Habj 18:42, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

How big is the Iwama Shin Shin Aiki Shurenkai? Was it really a great many dojos that went to this org? Habj 18:46, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * There are many many top aikidoka around the world who follow Iwama Ryu Aikido. It was Saito's Sensei's wish to follow the aikido of O'Sensei directly and as he spent most time with the founder of Aikido (more than any other Sensei) Iwama Ryu Aikido as taught by Saito Sensei is very important to keep the history of aikido accurate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.38.181.67 (talk • contribs) 16:44, 5 December 2005

 * Precise numbers of followers would be of interest. // Habj 13:27, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

Merge with Iwama style
I recommend merging this article with Iwama style. Does any one have a good reason why these should be seperate articles. — Edwin Stearns | Talk 20:22, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

I concur - actually really surprised that two different ones exist.Peter Rehse 01:16, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Living in the part of the world where the organisation Iwama Ryu did exist (and still, although in slightly different cloths, contribute 25 - 33% to the Swedish aikido population) it is pretty obvious that Iwama ryu is a slightly different beast than Iwama style. It is fine with me to merge them, however - maybe the relationship between these two subjects is best explained under Iwama style. / Habj 16:31, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

I recommend merging. I live in the SF Bay area with many Iwama Ryu / Style practioners (and several dojos that have annual seminars), and I find the explanations to be more semantic then explanatory-- more hairsplitting than providing actual differences. In addition, a concise description of how Iwama Ryu / Style differs from other Aikido styles in the actual practice is at the section Aikido George Lane

I recommend leaving the two entries separate. There is a legitimate organization practicing and promoting Iwama Ryu under Shinshinshurenkai; this organization split with and is seperate from Aikikai as of 2003. However, there are Aikikai practitioners who follow "Iwama Style" as taught under shihan other than Saito Shihan. In my case, as an example: I am an American living in Japan and train under Yotaro Mukai Sensei (6th Dan). He is a direct student of Hiroshi Isoyama Shihan (8th Dan) and teaches under his auspices. Isoyama Shihan was in turn a direct student of O-sensei and is the current (my understanding) dojocho of the Iwama Dojo. We still consider our style Aikikai, but train in a strict "Iwama Style." Iwama Ryu as a style of Aikido is still relatively young as a distinct subset of Aikido and there are enough Iwama Style practitioners with Aikikai to merit distinction.143.46.96.69 02:19, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

 * A problematic distinction is that "Iwama Ryu" means two different things: the organisation headed by Evenås and Corralini that no longer exists, and the one under Shinshinshurenkai (i.e. the followers of late Saite sensei's son, right?). The "old" Iwama Ruu did AFAIK not exist in the US, so I do not expect the average US Iwama style practitioner to know but about it. It always was a low profile thing anyway, like many things in aikido politics, since the Aikikai never officially were aware of its existance (but of course they knew). Most people of this "old" Iwama Ryu are now within the Aikikai. If the two articles should be separate, the only possible division I see is to let the article "Iwama style" contain info about the actual type aikido, and let the "Iwama Ryu" article handle the organisatory things i.e. the politics. // Habj 13:19, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

I have done pretty much a rewrite, and I hope this makes the distinction Iwama Ryu vs. Iwama Aikido clear. I have mentioned two references, the entry on Ulf Evenås in Stanley Pranin's Encyclopedia of Aikido, and a book in Swedish. I must admit not all of what I have written is in that book or stated in the Encyclopedia of Aikido link so if someone questions info I can not support with these or other references, it will have to be removed. Written sources are scarce since Iwama Ryu was such a low profile organisation; I have more than once seen the IAF (Internatinal Aikido Federation, an Aikikai org.) president, Peter Goldsbury, say that he is unfamiliar with the existance of such a thing as Iwama Ryu. Of course he knew, but the Iwama Ryu folks were clever enough to give the Aikikai deniability. Saito sensei giving his own dan ranks instead of Aikikai ranks and keeping the money was bad enough, Saito sensei doing that in front of the faces of the Aikiki... would have been something else. Note that the web Encyclopedia of Aikido does not have an entry on Iwama Ryu, and that the only thing mentioned in the Evenås articles are the weapons scrolls. // Habj 23:15, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Bias evident
---"Of course he knew, but the Iwama Ryu folks were clever enough to give the Aikikai deniability. Saito sensei giving his own dan ranks instead of Aikikai ranks and keeping the money was bad enough, Saito sensei doing that in front of the faces of the Aikiki... would have been something else. Note that the web Encyclopedia of Aikido does not have an entry on Iwama Ryu, and that the only thing mentioned in the Evenås articles are the weapons scrolls."---

Habj is making assertions here without any supporting evidence and then drawing conclusions based on these unsupported assertions, e.g. "...giving his own dan ranks instead of Aikikai ranks and keeping the money..."

The Aikikai has a list of instructors authorized to test and give rank in Aikido. The typical structure is once a student completes the requirements for a particular dan rank at his local dojo that student can then choose to pay a considerable fee to the Aikikai for official recognition of their ranking if that student's instructor is authorized to give dan rankings by the Aikikai. I am not familiar with the fee structures Saito Sensei enacted concerning his Iwama Ryu ranks but any of his students who received dan rankings were also able to apply for Aikikai recognition by virtue of Saito Sensei's authorization and standing within the Aikikai. I am not aware of any exceptions where Saito Sensei's most senior students did not possees Aikikai certified dan ranks and if they held rank in Iwama-Ryu it was in addition to their Aikikai rank. Unfortunately I do not have an internet source to offer as a reference for my own assertions but direct research within Hombu Aikikai or amongst any of the senior Iwama-Ryu dan holders should corroborate my statements.

There is ample evidence of Saito Sensei's support of both the Aikikai and the Doshu line. When there are seeming conflicts amongst various Aikido organizations these conflicts should be deeply researched in the context of Aikido as a martial art before drawing conclusions about individuals or their motivations.//Wavejay 22:52, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Merge with Hitohiro Saito
I think a section of the article on Hitohiro Saito would be an excellent place to incubate content on his personal organisation, Iwama Shin-Shin Aiki Shuren-kai. It fits there logically, and that article looks to be better edited. In fact it already has better information about this topic than what this article does (such as the date it was founded, and the name of its main dojo). And if the content ever grows into a worthwhile article in its own right, we can always bring it back here after that happens.

Currently this article is atrocious. It is basically just a stub:
 * The lead merely says Saito-junior's organisation spanning 21 countries, with emphasis on weapons (and claims to being traditional).
 * The majority of the article body is about details completely unrelated to the topic (particularly, describing people such as Morihiro's senior students such as Corallini and Evenas, none of whom are nor ever have been members of this organisation). Such content belongs elsewhere not here (and already is repeated elswhere, e.g., Morihiro Saito and Iwama ryu, and repeating it here only serves to give the impression of diminished notability to this article's real topic).
 * The remainder is a bizaare short-essay (obviously fouling WP:NPOV and WP:OR) which claims that the historical facts are different depending on who you are, and unencylopedically urging WP readers to "study .. by asking the opinion of different old-timers"!?!

The article still has trouble explaining the distinction between this organisation and (dento/traditional) Iwama ryu/style/sutairu/takemusu/etc, but I agree that Iwama ryu would be the wrong place to merge this article with. Instead I propose to redirect to and merge into a section of Hitohiro Saito. Cesiumfrog (talk) 02:52, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Iwama Shin-Shin Aiki Shuren-kai


text:
User:Alberto.correia

programmer (teste page)

title: User:Alberto.correia


text:
User:Tyranic-moron

I mainly contribute to the pages about video games, and occasionally get side tracked by links from these articles (eg; Isometric perspective).

I shall edit this more when I have the time.

For now, my webpage is Here (tyranicmoron.co.uk) and my artwork page is Here (tyranic-moron.deviantart.com).

title: User:Tyranic-moron


text:
Talk:Jedediah Peck

Untitled
Peck was arrested in 1798 and released when the sedition act expired (1800?), but he was also elected to the sate assembly in 1798 and served there. How? Nonenmac 18:46, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Another source says something like "soon thereafer"Nonenmac 02:21, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

But was he really in war of 1812 and supervisor in his 70's?

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title: Talk:Jedediah Peck