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Globe Telecom

Globe Telecom, Inc., commonly shortened as Globe, is a major provider of telecommunications services in the Philippines. The company operates the largest mobile network in the Philippines and one of the largest fixed-line and broadband networks. As of November 2023, Globe has 54.7 million subscribers, making it the second largest network in terms of subscriber base.

The company's principal shareholders are Ayala Corporation and Singtel. It is listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol GLO.

Globe offers commercial wireless services through its 2G, 3G, 3.5G HSPA+, 4G LTE, and LTE-A networks, with 5G currently being deployed in key areas in the Philippines. Its 5G coverage is available in over 3,000 locations all over the country, and nearly 100% of the population in the National Capital Region, Davao City, and Cebu.

In 2016, Globe introduced its Globe Lifestyle brand as a way to connect to its customers through fashion. It also launched two entertainment divisions: Anima (formerly Globe Studios), which focuses on film and television production, and Globe Live, which focuses on live concerts and musical events.

History
On December 8, 1928, the Philippine Legislature passed Act No. 3495 granting the Robert Dollar Company (a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of California), a franchise to operate wireless long-distance message services in the Philippines. Subsequently, the Legislature passed Act No. 4150 on November 28, 1934, to transfer the franchise and privileges of the Robert Dollar Company to Globe Wireless Limited, which was incorporated in the Philippines on January 15, 1935.

In 1965, Globe Wireless Limited was merged with Mackay Radio & Telegraph Company and Philippine Press Wireless to form Globe-Mackay Cable and Radio Corporation ("Globe-Mackay"), with the transfer of Mackay's franchise to Globe Wireless Limited approved by the Congress through Republic Act No. 4491 enacted on June 19, 1965. By Republic Act No. 4630 enacted in the same date by the Congress, its franchise was further expanded to allow Globe-Mackay to operate international communications systems. Globe-Mackay was granted a new franchise on December 24, 1980, by Batasang Pambansa, under Batas Pambansa Blg. 95, extending it for 50 years.

In 1974, Ayala Corporation began its investing in Globe-Mackay. Globe-Mackay offered its shares to the public on August 11, 1975, becoming the first telecommunications company in the country to do so.

In 1991, Globe-Mackay merged with Clavecilla Radio Corporation, a domestic telecommunications pioneer, to form GMCR, Inc. The merger gave GMCR the capability to provide all forms of telecommunications to address the international and domestic requirements of its customers. The merger was also approved by the Congress through Republic Act No. 7229 enacted on March 19, 1992, which amended its franchise.

On August 20, 1998, GMCR was renamed as Globe Telecom, Inc.

In 1993, Globe partnered with Singapore Telecom, Inc. (STI), a wholly owned subsidiary of Singapore Telecommunications Limited ("Singtel"), after Ayala and STI signed a memorandum of understanding.

In 2001, Globe merged with Isla Communications Company, Inc. ("Islacom"), a joint venture with Deutsche Telekom as foreign partner. It became its wholly owned subsidiary effective on June 27, 2001. Deutsche Telekom eventually sold its share to Singapore Telecom.

In 2003, the National Telecommunications Commission ("NTC") granted Globe Telecom's application to transfer its fixed line business assets and subscribers to Islacom, pursuant to its strategy to integrate all of its fixed line services under Islacom. Subsequently, Islacom was renamed as Innove Communications, Inc.

In 2004, Globe invested in G-Xchange, Inc. ("GXI"), a wholly owned subsidiary, to handle the mobile payment and remittance service marketed under the GCash brand using Globe Telecom's network as transport channel. GXI started commercial operations on October 16, 2004. In late 2019, the GCash brand was refreshed by global branding and design agency Serious Studio. That brand refresh was suggested by Ant Financial, Globe's venture partner in GCash (by way of Mynt, GXI's successor company).

In November 2004, Globe and seven other leading Asia-Pacific mobile operators ("JV Partners") signed an agreement ("JV agreement") to form Bridge Alliance. The joint venture company operates through a Singapore-incorporated company, Bridge Mobile Pte. Limited (BMPL) which serves as a commercial vehicle for the JV partners to build and establish a regional mobile infrastructure and common service platform to deliver different regional mobile services to their subscribers. The Bridge Alliance has a combined customer base of over 900 million subscribers among its partners in Asia Pacific, Middle East, Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

In 2005, Innove was awarded by the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) with a nationwide franchise for its fixed line business, allowing it to operate a Local Exchange Carrier service nationwide and expand its network coverage. In December 2005, the NTC approved Globe Telecom's application for third generation (3G) radio frequency spectra to support the upgrade of its cellular mobile telephone system ("CMTS") network to be able to provide 3G services. Globe was assigned with 10-Megahertz (MHz) of the 3G radio frequency spectrum.

On May 19, 2008, following the approval of the NTC, the subscribers contracts of Touch Mobile (TM) prepaid service were transferred from Innove to Globe, which now operates all wireless prepaid services using its integrated cellular networks.

In August 2008, and to further grow its mobile data segment, Globe acquired 100% ownership of Entertainment Gateway Group ("EGG"), a leading mobile content provide in the Philippines. EGG Group is engaged in the development and creation of wireless products and services accessible through telephones or other forms of communication devices. It also provides internet and mobile value added services, information technology and technical services including software development and related services. EGGC is registered with the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) as a content provider. On May 15, 2014, EGGC changed its corporate name from Entertainment Gateway Group Corp. to Yondu, Inc. (Yondu).

On October 30, 2008, Globe, the Bank of the Philippine Islands and Ayala Corporation signed a memorandum of agreement to form a joint venture that would allow rural and low-income customers' access to financial products and services. In October 2009, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) approved the sale and transfer by BPI of its shares of stock in Pilipinas Savings Bank, Inc. (PSBI), formalizing the creation of the venture. Globe Telecom's and BPI's ownership stakes in PSBI is at 40% each, while AC's shareholding is at 20%. The partners plan to transform PSBI (now called BPI Globe BanKO, Inc.) into the country's first mobile microfinance bank. The bank's initial focus will be on wholesale lending to other microfinance institutions but will eventually expand to include retail lending, deposit-taking, and micro-insurance. BPI Globe BanKO opened its first branch in Metro Manila in the first quarter of 2011 and now has 6 branches nationwide, over 2,000 partner outlets, 261,000 customers and over P2.4 billion in its wholesale loan portfolio.

On November 25, 2008, Globe formed GTI Business Holdings, Inc. (GTIBH) primarily to act as an investment company. In March 2012, Globe launched Kickstart Ventures, Inc. (Kickstart) to help, support and develop the dynamic and growing community of technopreneurs in the Philippines. Kickstart is a business incubator that is focused on providing aspiring technopreneurs with the efficient environment and the necessary mechanisms to start their own business. Since its launch, Kickstart has 10 companies in its portfolio covering the digital media and technology, and web/mobile platform space.

In May 2013, ABS-CBN Convergence, Inc. ("ABS-C", formerly Multimedia Telephony, Inc.) announced the launch of its mobile brand, ABS-CBNmobile. The launch of the new mobile brand is being supported through a network sharing agreement with Globe, wherein the latter provides network capacity and coverage to ABS-C on a nationwide basis. ABS-C formally launched the brand on November 26, 2013.

In October 2013, following the court's approval of the Amended Rehabilitation Plan (jointly filed by Globe and BayanTel in May 2013), Globe acquired a 38% interest in BayanTel by converting BayanTel's unsustainable debt into common shares. This follows Globe Telecom's successful tender offer for close to 97% of BayanTel's outstanding indebtedness as of December 2012. As part of the amended rehab plan and pending regulatory approvals, Globe would further convert a portion of its sustainable debt into common shares of BayanTel, bringing up its stake to around 56%. In October 2014, Globe Telecom received a copy of the temporary restraining order (TRO) issued by the Court of Appeals stopping the National Telecommunications Commission's (NTC) proceedings in connection with the bid of Globe Telecom Inc. to take over Bayan Telecommunications Inc. (BayanTel). Despite the lapse of the Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) last December 9, 2014, the Court of Appeals has advised the NTC to refrain from conducting any proceedings in connection with the bid of Globe assume majority control of BayanTel.

On June 3, 2014, Globe signed an agreement with Azalea Technology, Inc. and SCS Computer Systems, acquiring the entire ownership stake in Asticom. Asticom, a systems integrator and information technology services provider to domestic and international markets, is 49% owned by Azalea, a 100%-owned subsidiary of Ayala Corporation and 51% owned by SCS Computer Systems, a subsidiary of Singapore Telecom.

On June 30, 2015, Globe incorporated Global Capital Venture Holdings, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary organized under the laws of the Philippines and formed for the purpose of venturing into strategic non-core business.

On August 27, 2015, Globe Telecom, Inc. (Globe), Ayala Corporation (AC), and Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) signed an agreement to turn over full ownership of BPI Globe BanKO (BanKO) to BPI, one of the majority owners of the joint venture.

In 2017, Globe Telecom's CEO, Ernest Cu was named the CEO of the year by the World Communication Awards 2017.

In 2018, Globe Telecom was selected as the best workplace in Asia. and the Internet was proposed to be extended in Europe.

On December 14, 2018, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11151 which renewed Innove's legislative franchise for another 25 years. The law granted Innove a franchise to construct, establish, install, lease, co-use, purchase, operate and maintain all types of mobile and fixed wireless telecommunications, and use all the apparatus, conduits, appliances, receivers, transmitters, antennas, satellites and equipment necessary for the transmission/reception of data, messages, videos and signals, with the corresponding technological auxiliaries, facilities, distribution or relay stations, throughout the Philippines.

On October 1, 2020, Globe Telecom launched GOMO PH, the country's first fully digital telco.

In Opensignal's April report, on internet speed contest, Dito Telecommunity outplaced Smart Communications and Globe Telecom in the first quarter, with a download speed of 32 Mbps. It is also now the fastest operator for 5G, averaging 302.9 Mbps as against Smart’s 143.3 Mbps. In the reliability experience of subscribers, it further scored 835 out of 1,000 to breaking Smart’s 771 and Globe’s 748.

Subscribers
In Q3 2016, Globe Telecom dislodged Smart Communications as the largest telecommunications company it terms of subscriber base with 65.8 million subscribers, 200,000 more than its rival.

As of December 2022, Globe's total mobile subscriber base reached 87.9 million. It is also the country's largest telecommunications company in terms of market capitalization. However, by virtue of SIM Registration Act and due to deactivation of unregistered SIM cards, the number of subscribers went down to 48.4 million as of July 26, 2023. The company now becomes second to Smart Communications in terms of subscriber base which has 50.0 million. At the end of a 5-day grace period, it again increased to 53,727,298 subscribers causing them to regain the title as the largest telecom company. Out of its total 86,746,672 subscribers or 61.94% of its total subscriber base prior, the company lost 33,019,374 SIM cards to deactivation.

As of November 2023, Globe has about 54.7 million subscribers, making it the second largest network in terms of subscriber base.

Ownership
Updated Shareholding Structure of Globe Telecom as of 31 March 2023:

Subsidiaries

 * 917Ventures – 100% ownership
 * AdSpark Inc.
 * Global Telehealth, Inc. (KonsultaMD)
 * Inquiro – 49% ownership
 * Mynt (formerly Globe Fintech Innovations, Inc.) – 45% ownership; co-owned with Ayala Group and Ant Financial
 * Fuse Lending – mobile financial solutions provider, marketed under the GLoan and GGives brands
 * G-Xchange (GXI) – mobile payment and remittance service, marketed under the GCash brand
 * Rappit (in partnership with Puregold) – 50% ownership. Formerly PureGo.
 * Rush – 49% ownership
 * Asticom Technology, Inc. – 100% ownership
 * Bayan Telecommunications, Inc. (BayanTel) – 98.57% ownership
 * Flipside Publishing Services, Inc. (FPSI) – 40% ownership
 * GTI Business Holdings (GTI) – 100% ownership
 * Innove Communications, Inc. (Innove) – 100% ownership
 * Kickstart Ventures, Inc. (Kickstart) – 100% ownership
 * Kroma
 * Yondu (formerly Entertainment Gateway Group Corp.) – 100% ownership

Joint ventures

 * ABS-CBN Convergence – 32% ownership
 * Bridge Mobile – 10% ownership
 * Cherry Mobile Prepaid
 * Vega Telecom – 50% ownership

Affiliates

 * AF Payments, Inc. – 20% ownership

Mass media and entertainment

 * Bethlehem Holdings Inc. (BHI) – a media investment firm through its group's funded retirement pension agency.
 * Altimax Broadcasting Company (Altimax) – 86% ownership; co-owned with Velarde, Inc. (14%)
 * Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media (BEAM) – 100% ownership
 * Kroma Entertainment (formerly Sphere Entertainment) – a multi-platform innovative tradigital (traditional and digital) entertainment company launched on April 6, 2022, backed by 917Ventures Retirement Fund.
 * Anima (formerly Globe Studios) – film and entertainment production.
 * FreebieMNL – digital destination magazine targeting food and lifestyle.
 * LiveMNL (formerly Globe Live) – live events and activations production agency.
 * Now You Must Aspire (NYMA) – talent arm and management center.
 * Paradise Rising – in partnership with 88rising; music label and collective agency representing Filipino artists.
 * Pinoy Interactive Entertainment (PIE) – co-owned with ABS-CBN and 917Ventures, in partnership with BEAM TV as one of the flagship property; real-time multi-format, multi-platform and multi-screen tradigital interactive entertainment channel launched on May 23, 2022.
 * Secret Menu – full service creative video production studio.
 * Upstream – digital over-the-top platform and streaming media service.
 * Wonder – digital oriented magazine targeting pop culture and style.

Esports
Globe Telecom and MET Events organized the Philippine Pro Gaming League. In its first season, it only had 3 games Dota 2, Tekken 7, and Arena of Valor with P800,000 prize pool. The second season increased the prize pool to P1.3-million, had 4 games: League of Legends, Tekken 7, Rules of Survival, and Arena of Valor and a Mobile Legends: Bang Bang corporate league added later on.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Globe Telecom


text: Category:1269 deaths

title: Category:1269 deaths


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User:Agro r

My real name is Agro Rachmatullah. I'm from Indonesia and currently a Computer Science undergraduate at Universitas Gadjah Mada.

My interests: Mathematics, Computer science, Go (board game)

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Wiki cheat sheet:

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EOF

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Emergency notes (wiki is really great for this :):

may 13: riot may 21: suharto went down

26 Tjahyadi LIM SURYA | ? 25 edison ong | 54 24 Febbiyuti APRIA | 58 23 woei haw djap | 25 22 febbiyuti apria | 50 21 woei haw djap | 41

To Heart

title: User:Agro r


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Burston, Buckinghamshire

Burston is a small hamlet near Rowsham in Buckinghamshire about 3 mi north of Aylesbury. It is in the civil parish of Aston Abbotts. Its name derives from the Old English personal name Briddel + þorn (“thornbush”).

There used to be a village of Burston, which was recorded separately to Aston Abbots in the Domesday Book of 1086. The village was deserted after its residents were evicted in 1488, to clear arable farmland for sheep grazing. The desertion was later investigated by Thomas Wolsey, who found that after evicting at least 60 people, the landlord raised rents from a year to £40.

Modern Burston consists of a few farms, including Burston Hill Farm, Lower Burston, and Burston Ridge Farm, but in the valley below earthworks of the old settlement remain and are a scheduled monument.

title: Burston, Buckinghamshire


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Hyacinthus orientalis

Hyacinthus orientalis, the common hyacinth, garden hyacinth or Dutch hyacinth, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae, native to southwestern Asia, southern and central Turkey, northwestern Syria, Lebanon and northern Palestine. It was introduced to Europe in the 16th century. It is widely cultivated everywhere in the temperate world for its strongly fragrant flowers which appear exceptionally early in the season, and frequently forced to flower at Christmas time.

Description
It is a bulbous plant, with a 3–7 cm diameter bulb. The leaves are strap-shaped, 15–35 cm long and 1–3 cm broad, with a soft, succulent texture, and produced in a basal whorl. The flowering stem is a raceme, which grows to 20–35 cm (rarely to 45 cm) tall, bearing 2–50 fragrant purple flowers 2–3.5 cm long with a tubular, six-lobed perianth.

Mythology
In Greek mythology, Hyacinth was a young man admired by Apollo and Zephyr, but killed by a discus in a jealous fight between the two gods; a flower was allegedly named after him when it sprang from his blood. However, Theophrastus describes both a cultivated and a wild plant called ὑάκινθος (hyakinthos), neither of which are considered to be the modern hyacinth.

Reproduction
The reproduction of the plant in cultivation can be done easily by dividing the newly appeared bulbs from the main plant. In nature, this method is also used by the hyacinth, but the plant also has a specific kind of reproduction by seeds.

The plant is pollinated by different insects such as honey bees. The flowers are very fragrant and attract the insects by rewarding them with nectar.

After flowering, the ripening of the seed capsules begins. They are fleshy, spherical structures. When the capsules reach maturity, they get dried and split into three parts. Each part has two subdivisions and contains a different quantity of seeds. The seeds are black grains with one white elaiosome of variable size. The seeds are dispersed through myrmecochory; that is, ants find the seeds and take them into their burrows, where they use the elaiosome for food. There, the seeds can germinate.

Cultivation
H. orientalis has a long history of cultivation as an ornamental plant, grown across the Mediterranean region, and later France (where it is used in perfumery), the Netherlands (a major centre of cultivation) and elsewhere.

It flowers in the early spring, growing best in full sun to part shade in well-drained, but not dry, soil. It requires a winter dormancy period, and will only persist in cold-weather regions. It is grown for the clusters of strongly fragrant, brightly coloured flowers. Over 2,000 cultivars have been selected and named, with flower colour in shades of blue, white, pale yellow, pink, red or purple; most cultivars have also been selected for denser flower spikes than the wild type, bearing 40–100 or more flowers on each spike.

Cultivars
The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-

 * 'Aida' (deep blue)
 * 'Anna Marie' (pink)
 * 'Blue Festival' (pale blue)
 * 'Blue Jacket' (blue)
 * 'Chicago' (violet blue)
 * 'City of Haarlem' (cream)
 * 'Delft Blue' (blue)
 * 'Fairly' (white)
 * 'Gipsy Queen' (salmon pink)
 * 'Jan Bos' (deep pink)
 * 'L'Innocence' (white)
 * 'Miss Saigon' (deep pink)
 * 'Ostara' (blue)
 * 'Paul Hermann' (mauve-pink)

 * 'Royal Navy' (dark blue)
 * 'Yellow Queen' (cream yellow)

Forcing
Hyacinths are among the most popular bulbs selected for the process known as forcing, whereby plants are induced to flower earlier than their natural season (in this case, Christmas). It involves depriving bulbs of light and warmth for a period of several weeks, before growing them on in a bright, cool place such as a kitchen windowsill. It is possible to grow the bulbs in a narrow-necked vase of water, thus being able to view the root growth. Alternatively, bulbs can be purchased pre-forced.

Toxicity
H. orientalis contains alkaloids and is toxic if eaten in large quantities. The bulb, however, is the most poisonous part and should not be ingested under any circumstances.

title: Hyacinthus orientalis


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Talk:Dominion Land Survey

Comparisons to US and Australian systems
Terminology seemed inconsistent to me - why refer to the US sections when the next sentence expressly stated that the Canadian sections had significant differences in definition? Insert your link by all means, but not just there.

 * Can't help you with a rewrite - I'm an Australian surveyor and know very little about the methods of township layout in US and Canada. We don't use anything as rigidly structured and defined - it must make the cost of boundary definition considerably higher in comparison to our system.  Although early towns were laid out on a rectangular pattern (it is easier to calculate and layout on the ground) the orientation was never very rigid.  Usually based on magnetic north, but often swung to fit the terrain.--Mikeh 15:34, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I explained why on your talk page, and the reasoning is further explained on Talk:Section (U.S. land surveying). There are no significant differences; that should be and will be one article.  The only differences are an inverted numbering in townships, and the fact that we get cheated in the United States because our road allowances are within the sections, not outside them.

 * It wounds like you do not have a similar usage in Australia; perhaps you might want to add a brief note about that. You can add it to Section (U.S. land surveying), which will be moved once a name is arrived at after any discussion in its talk page. Gene Nygaard 15:46, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * This article relates to the Canadian land survey. Similarities exist in other countries, and should eventually be mentioned and linked. The article does seem to run together a bit, and could be broken up into subsections, such as history, etc. Some mention of the personalities involved with its inception should also be included.  Landroo 05:16, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Section numbering
Numbering of individual sections is diplayed incorrectly. Section number 1 is the Northeast corner section in every Township. They then number 2,3,4,5,6 to the west, 7,8,9,10,11,12, to the east aternatively until Section 36 is in the Southeast corner.

6 5  4  3 2  1  7  8  9 10 11 12 18 17 16 15 14 13 19 20 21 22 23 24 30 29 28 27 26 25 31 32 33 34 35 36

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.201.208.11 (talk • contribs)

 * That's how they're numbered in the States (see Public Lands Survey System). In Canada, Section 1 is in the southeast corner of the township. Indefatigable 16:32, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

31 32 33 34 35 36 30 29 28 27 26 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 18 17 16 15 14 13 7  8  9 10 11 12     Canada (Dominion Land Survey) 6 5  4  3  2  1 -- 49th parallel --- 6 5  4  3  2  1  7  8  9 10 11 12     United States (Public Lands Survey) 18 17 16 15 14 13          19 20 21 22 23 24 30 29 28 27 26 25 31 32 33 34 35 36

Hope this helps clear up the confusion. Landroo 16:19, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

Township Numbering on FIrst Diagram
From my understanding the labelling of townships in the first diagram (and the caption) are incorrect. The 4th Base line should be between the 12th and 13th townships.

 * This comment is correct. A new figure is needed. The first township north of the 1st baseline (49th parallel) is township 1. The 2nd baseline separates townships 4 and 5. The 3rd separates 8 and 9 and yes, the 4th baseline separates township 12 and 13. Additional trivia: there are a small number of 1st system DLS townships in the Rainy River District of NW Ontario that were surveyed by the Federal Government before the Manitoba Ontario boundary was settled. These townships are the only DLS townships south of the first baseline. They have since been "named" following the convention for geographical townships in Ontario For example Devlin Township was once Township 5 (south) Range 28 East of the First Meridian, its northern boundary is the 2nd baseline (south). The sections in these townships are numbered according to DLS convention. Those that were not subdivided into sections before Ontario took over (meaning only outline surveys had been completed) have been subdivided into Ontario style concessions and lots. Kpgokeef (talk) 22:29, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Are baselines only an Ontario thing? I have not seen them on western Canada maps.  The range, township, meridian and section items are all familiar here, and correct to maps I have seen, but not baselines.  Kind Regards SriMesh |  talk  00:03, 20 January 2009 (UTC)
 * No we have baselines and correction lines in the Dominion Land Survey system in Western Canada RP459 (talk) 04:19, 20 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Sorry that it took me almost two years to notice this section of the talk page. And I'm quite embarrassed that I made such a blunder in the diagram. I will try to make a new diagram when I have the time. Indefatigable (talk) 23:32, 1 December 2010 (UTC)
 * It's been a while and the error is still there. Hoping you have the correction on hand and just forgot to upload it? 52.124.126.42 (talk) 22:12, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

Moved from Quadripoint talk page
List of Dominion Land Surveyors, or at least a category of people who have held that title/certification. has occurred to me before; just a side-split from you working on that, thought I'd mention it...sort of a Can-bio subproject...likewise the "freightmen" or as the BC/PacNW term was "expressmen" who were more reliable, adn more trustworthy, than the local contractees for the Royal Mail; and were known to get official communications between San Francisco and Victoria and Barkerville faster than the Royal Navy could provide; they relied on steamer service, and between Hugh Nelson and Frank Barnard therein lies a tale...the Dominion Land Surveyors are in teh same category as these guys, likewise teh Wilkes Expedition and teh associated Boundary Commission...."bush professions" akin to the bush pilots....it's been observed that Frank Swannell's career, like those of other men of his generation and environment, bridged the era of surveying from mule trains bushwhacked through jungle to the alpine, over and over and over, through to that of aerial photography; Pretty sure he was DLS....lots of placenames in BCGNIS btw are people who were DLS....Skookum1 (talk) 08:52, 9 November 2010 (UTC)

 * One thing I wasn't sure about wrt DLS is the nature of the "Coast Meridian". Every source I had at hand said it is at 122° west. But lots of apparently reliable sources also said it's initial point was where the 49th parallel met the sea, near Blaine today. Maps in that Resettlement of British Columbia book clearly show the Coast Meridian touching Semiahmoo Bay at the 49th parallel (which is how I got caught up researching it). But that is not 122° west. It's closer to 123° (see topo via ACME Mapper). Perhaps it's another case of coordinates being blithely rounded when described, or, maybe there's more to it? Was it moved to 122° at some point, leaving earlier surveyed townships out of kilter? The sources I had left me a bit confused on the point. BTW, if you zoom out on that map I linked, you can see the roads are clearly laid out in a township grid, aligned to the intersection of the 49th parallel and Semiahmoo Bay. I believe the road running right on the meridian is even called "Coast Meridian Road", or something similar. Pfly (talk) 09:08, 9 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Coast Meridian Road is a name now used only in Port Coquitlam, and it does align with that street, which from what I can tell is I think 170th or 172nd - the next N-S Main Street east of it, which comes up from the Pacific Border Crossing (the easterly one of Blaine's two), is 176th. Coast Meridian Road may originally have been 170th's name; many streets and avenues in Surrey have alternate names (Scott Road, for example, is 120th, King George Highway corresponds to 138th (136th?) the same way Broadway corresponds to 9th in Vancouver.  The Surrey/Fraser Valley street number system derives from 0 Street, which is down by the Tsawwaseen Ferry Terminal.  I think 10th is one mile east, 20th two miles east and so on; such that Scott Road would be E-W twelve miles east, 200th would be 20 miles....the Valley numbering system was extended into Mission and Abby, such that Cedar St in Mission (formerly Cedar Valley Road) is the 32000 block.  E-W Ave's are numbered from the border up, which is why 0 Avenue right along the border (where teh tunnelling incident in Langley was).  Not sure indeed why "Coast Meridian" would ever be 122....The Royal Engineers, who laid out the system, used standard British township designs, starting at the waterfront (on the east) and at teh first possible point on the waterfront on the south...but because the western shore is not the same as teh southern shore/border, that's why there's no 0 Ave and 0 Street (well, conceivably there could be in Tsawwasen but I don't think 0 St comes much south of Highway 17, i.e. up onto the Tsawwassen highland where the border is.  Anyway, the Coast Meridian in the Lower Mainland anyway, means the meridian from exactly where you spotted it....and if it's 168th or 170th, I'm not sure; but the same line once crossed the Fraser is that of Coast Meridian Road in Port Coquitlam....Skookum1 (talk) 18:04, 9 November 2010 (UTC)

 * The coast meridian is not 122 W, that is the 7th meridian of the DLS, which exists, albeit possibly only theoretically to control townships in the railway belt (for example, the east-west jog in the boundary between Maple Ridge and Mission about half way between the Fraser and Alouette Lake corresponds to the SE corner of DLS township 4 Range 4 West 7th merdian, while south of the jog, the boundary is a section line 15 miles East (2.5 townships) of the coast meridian). 168th Street in Surrey is "Coast Meridian Road". The meridian was originally established to control surveys in the Fraser Valley both in the "3rd BC System" used in Richmond, parts of Surrey and in Pitt Meadows and also the 5th (BC system) which consisted of a grid of numbered 6 mile townships across the Fraser Valley. The first reference in the article describes the system and has a map. The road numbering system in the Fraser valley is based on a convention of 8 streets/avenues per mile with an origin 21 miles (3.5 townships) West of the where the coast meridian intersects the 49th parallel. Where it gets confusing is that after the agreement to enter confederation, the federal government claimed the "Railway Belt" for 20 miles on each side of the CPR between the Alberta border and Port Moody. The BC and federal governments agreed that the belt would end at Scott Road (120 St)/North Road which is the boundary between the first and second ranges of townships west of the coast meridian. The Federal government acquired all ungranted land in the railway belt, including in the already surveyed provincial townships in the Fraser Valley. The provincial townships, and their unique numbering scheme are also evident if you zoom in on the map in the second reference in the article. Where the land was unsurveyed the 4th system of the DLS was imposed (where the townships are 3 chains taller and 6 chains wider than 6 miles square to accommodate road allowances. This resulted in a 9 chain gap between the provincial townships and the 4th row of federal townships where very skinny partial sections 30-36 of township 3, ranges 1,2,3,4 W7 were inserted. The already surveyed provincial townships were then renamed "The 5th System of the DLS" in federal publications even though these townships don't really fit in to the DLS the way that the rest do. The Peace River block was a further concession to the federal government to make up for lands already alienated withing the railway belt. In the Peace River block the 3rd DLS system is used as in Alberta, and west boundary of the block slightly east of the 7th meridian (122W) following a line parallel to the BC Alberta boundary, that ignores meridian convergence Kpgokeef (talk) 20:46, 1 December 2010 (UTC)

Allleague1
Gives good background information and immediately informs you that it is the largest scale land survey system. Gives precise measurements on the land that was surveyed, gives information on why it the DLS was created: for measuring out land for agricultural purposes and industrial buildings. Talks about how each land survey was different and gives a brief description of each one and how each one focused on a specific plot of land. Has information cited and follows the citation guide already in place. Adequate use of citations; neither overusing nor underusing them which makes you credible.

I wonder if it’s possible to add more to the description about the 5 land surveys. First two are brief but give enough information to fill in the spots while the explanation of the last three does not give adequate information to how important and/or why they were only used a few times. Also try explaining why Saskatchewan and Manitoba still use these methods of land surveying. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Allleague1 (talk • contribs) 20:59, 21 November 2012 (UTC)

jvzee
I like that the amount of writing that you did for the history portion of this article has the perfect amount of sources for it. All of the writing is spaced out suitably which makes it easier for someone to read. In my opinion, it would be helpful to link to a few more Wikipedia articles throughout your writing to help when someone doesn’t know what something is or means. According to our project, the article will still need to be expanded somewhat more. Overall, the article is well written and organized in an understandable way. Good job! jvzee (talk) 16:51, 22 November 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Dominion Land Survey


text:
Easterbrook

Easterbrook is a surname from Devon, England. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Arthur Easterbrook, World War I flying ace and WW2 Brigadier General
 * Don Easterbrook, geologist
 * Edmund P. Easterbrook, 2nd Chief of Chaplains of the US Army
 * Frank H. Easterbrook, American judge
 * Gregg Easterbrook, writer
 * Leslie Easterbrook, actress
 * Steve Easterbrook (born 1967), British businessman, ex-CEO of McDonald's
 * Syd Easterbrook, English golfer

title: Easterbrook


text:
M-13 Connector (Michigan highway)

Connector M-13 (Conn. M-13) is a north–south state trunkline highway running 2.41 mi connecting Interstate 75/US Highway 23 (I-75/US 23) to M-13 near the community of Kawkawlin, just north of Bay City. The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) internally calls the road Connector 13. The freeway was once the northern end of the US 23 freeway in the area before I-75 was built to the northwest and US 23 was rerouted to follow it. When these changes were made in 1967, Conn. M-13 was designated for the freeway stub.

Route description
Conn. M-13 starts at exit 164 along I-75/US 23 north of Bay City. At the interchange that marks its southern terminus, the connector route continues to the north while the main I-75 freeway turns northwesterly. About three-quarters of a mile (1.2 km) north, there is an interchange for Wilder Road. Traffic running southbound on the connector that wishes to continue northbound on I-75/US 23 has to use Wilder Road to connect to the latter freeway. The connector route is bordered by fields and residential subdivisions as it continues north to the community of Kawkawlin. The freeway ends at an at-grade intersection with M-13.

Conn. M-13 is maintained by MDOT like other state highways in Michigan. As a part of these maintenance responsibilities, the department tracks the volume of traffic that uses the roadways under its jurisdiction. These volumes are expressed using a metric called annual average daily traffic, which is a statistical calculation of the average daily number of vehicles on a segment of roadway. MDOT's surveys in 2010 showed that the traffic levels along Conn. M-13 were 13,939 vehicles daily south of the Wilder Road and 7,031 vehicles per day north of that interchange. The only section of the freeway that has been listed on the National Highway System (NHS) is from the southern terminus to the Wilder Road interchange. The NHS is a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.

History
This short freeway was opened in late 1960 or early 1961 as the north end of a new US 23 freeway around Bay City. The freeway was extended farther north to the Standish area in 1967; M-13 was extended north to replace the US 23 designation along the latter's former routing through Pinconning. At that time, the freeway stub north of Bay City became Conn. M-13.

title: M-13 Connector (Michigan highway)


text:
Talk:Judas goat

Slaughter
I thought the term "Judas goat" predated transmitters and referred to a goat trained to lead sheep to slaughter.--Myron 15:40, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Blood
It was my understanding that a Judas Goat was needed to lead livestock into the slaughterhouse because the animals could smell blood and would shy away from it. Seeing another animal go into the area of apparent danger, however, would calm them and make them think it was safe to follow. The Judas Goat is specially trained or conditioned to overcome its natural aversion to the smell of blood. If this is true, it should be included, as it is important, but I am no farmer or rancher so I cannot vouch for its veracity. 165.91.65.126 (talk)RKH —Preceding comment was added at 22:21, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Context?
I removed the following line from the article:

 * A 'Judas Goat' is also a person used to go first to test for a safe route.

I've never hear of this, so if it should be replaced, please indicate context, e.g. "In US military slang, ..." or "In Boy Scout jargon ..." or whatever. --Slashme 07:08, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Removed the Following:
===Senator Dianne Feinstein=== Senator Feinstein has been compared to a Judas Goat. This apparently is due to her initiatives to ban so-called "Assault Weapons" and her stated objection to concealed carry licenses for citizens while carrying a firearm herself and enjoying the protection of security armed with the very weapons she wishes to ban. The implication is that she also is leading sheep to a slaughter in which her life and rights will be spared. See also Mayor Bloomberg, Governor Cuomo, Senator Schumer...

Seemed out of place compared to the rest of the article. There does seem to be some use of this term in political discourse, but most of what I could find was recent and the sources of small importance. I don't think this page should contain a list of people who have been referred to as a judas goat unless it's usage was consistent and widespread. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 170.54.58.4 (talk) 17:14, 29 January 2013 (UTC)

feral goat link is dead
like the title says the link sourcing the use of the phrase "judas goat" to feral goat hunting leads to a dead website. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.195.165.114 (talk) 17:37, 24 July 2014 (UTC)

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Judas Goat
Thanks for the info. Was following up its use in Rivers of London by Ben Aaronovitch where it’s the title of chapter 9 (pp 235-262) as the hero, Peter Grant plays that role). 2A00:23C7:FB06:8901:C991:3895:E277:A4BF (talk) 19:56, 1 August 2022 (UTC)

Popular Culture
Judas Goat is the title of a book of poems by Gabrielle Bates. 4.14.84.218 (talk) 23:24, 7 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Judas goat


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/V-Phone

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 03:07, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC)

V-Phone
Votes for deletion is a Votes-over-deletion (VoOD) application with an added value. Here at Votes for deletion, Inc, we believe that the Votes for deletion page can and will replace the older means of page deletion. We have developed a VoOD product to suit the needs of both the home user and the business customer. (Advertising.) / up land 15:43, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikispam. Same spammer that produced VirtualiPhone and Virtualiphone (I made the latter as redirect to former, it was basically the same text originally). jni 17:06, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with prejudice. —Korath (Talk) 17:51, Feb 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Leading-edge, optimized, synergetic, turbo Delete. Thanks to Uppland for the advanced VfD nomination.  Barno 22:41, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advertising. Remove the promotional language and all that remains is "V-Phone is a VoIP application." Therefore, this vaporous, vicious, vacuous, valueless, vile vision should vanish with velocity into the vast, violent, venomous void. Dpbsmith (talk) 19:10, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. We here at Wikipedia: Votes for Deletion know that you have a choice of articles to delete, and we very much appreciate your choice of this article for deletion.  Edeans 21:00, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/V-Phone


text: User talk:82.75.162.148

title: User talk:82.75.162.148


text:
Joe Redner

Joseph R. Redner (born 1940 in New Jersey ) is the owner of the Mons Venus, a nude strip club in Tampa, Florida, and is known as the father of the nude lap dance.

Redner has been engaged in legal battles with the Tampa City Council, which has tried to place restrictions on the strip club since the 1980's. Mons Venus and Redner have filed suits that have reached the Supreme Court and have become case law in many court cases. Redner ran for County Commissioner as an independent in 2006. During that run Redner had a chair thrown at him on the Bleepin Truth LIVE in a debate with a Republican pundit. The clip from the show was carried on 300 TV stations across the country, giving Redner a tremendous boost in name recognition in the process. Redner's website, The Voice of Freedom, was initially created to inform citizens of his ongoing legal battles with the government, but later expanded to cover other First Amendment issues. He is a host of a weekly, live call-in TV program entitled First Freedom TV on Tampa Bay Community Network (TBCN.org), a local Tampa Bay area Public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV channel.

In a federal lawsuit filed against Hillsborough County commissioners after they banned the county itself from recognizing gay pride displays, Redner included the statement that he is gay. In an earlier version of the same suit Redner, did not mention his sexual orientation and had previously never mentioned it publicly. His fight against the ordinance has pitted him against local politician Ronda Storms on many occasions.

Mons Venus and Redner won a large verdict in an eminent domain case when property was taken for a freeway.

On March 6, 2007, Redner garnered the number two spot in a six-person race for Tampa City Council, District 1, and faced the incumbent chairperson in a runoff March 27, 2007. Joe Redner lost the election gaining 44% of the vote.

Redner has appeared on Live Prayer to debate his beliefs and defend his business.

Medical marijuana case
In 2018, Redner made headlines again when he sued the Florida Department of Health for the right to grow his own marijuana. Redner is in remission from lung cancer, and his doctor recommended hemp juice as part of his treatment. Florida passed medical marijuana via a constitutional amendment in 2016, but juicing is not one the methods approved by that law, so Redner sued to be able to grow and juice his own. On April 17, 2018, the judge in the case lifted a stay which will allow Redner to begin growing marijuana while the case proceeds, a decision the Department of Health said it plans to appeal. Upon appeal, Redner lost the case in April, 2019. The Florida 1st District Court of Appeal found "that ‘use’ does not mean ‘grow’ or ‘process,’ as Mr. Redner argues,” the court said.

title: Joe Redner


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Logical-unreason

Don't delete, it's legitimate fan profiling. He's a real author and he's really good.

 * I don't doubt either. The thing I wonder is if this article is fit for Wikipedia. Is it unbiased? Is it an article or an advert? Since it seems to be both biased and self-advocating, I marked it for deletion. Convince me otherwise; I don't want to delete a valid page. --Adun 17:26, Apr 26, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Covenant Renewal Service

The Covenant Renewal Service, or simply called the Covenant Service, was adapted by John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, for the purpose of the renewal of the Christian believer's covenant with God. Wesley's Directions for Renewing Our Covenant with God, first published in 1780, contains his instructions for a covenant service adapted from the writings of Richard Alleine and intended for use in Methodist worship as "a means of increasing serious religion." The first such service was held on 11 August 1755, in London.

Congregations of some Methodist connexions (notably in the United Methodist Church, Free Methodist Church and Pilgrim Holiness Church in the United States) often use the Covenant Renewal liturgy for the watchnight service of New Year's Eve and New Year's Day. In the Methodist Church in Britain the custom is for the service to be held on the first Sunday of the New Year when a presbyter is available (since the Covenant service order includes Holy Communion, which according to British Methodist discipline cannot normally be presided over by a local preacher). In both cases the purpose is to renew one's commitment to Christ and the Church at the start of the year. It includes hymns, prayers, Scripture lessons, a sermon, and Holy Communion.

The covenant prayer and service are recognised as one of the most distinctive contributions of Methodism to the liturgy of Protestantism in general, and they are also used from time to time by other Christian denominations.

Origins
In 1663 Richard Alleine, a Puritan, published Vindiciae Pietatis: or, A Vindication of Godliness in the Greater Strictness and Spirituality of It. In 1753, it was again published in John Wesley's A Christian Library.

In his Short history of the people called Methodists, Wesley describes the first covenant service; a similar account is to be found in his Journal of the time. He says the first service was held on Monday 11 August 1755, at the French church at Spitalfields in London, with 1800 people present. Wesley reports that he "recited the tenor of the covenant proposed, in the words of that blessed man, Richard Alleine". The original words are lost, but are thought to be reflected in the Directions for Renewing our Covenant with God in 1780. This later text, known in modified form as the Wesley Covenant Prayer, remained in use—linked with Holy Communion and observed on the first Sunday of the New Year—among British Methodists until 1936.

The origins of the covenant prayer have been the subject of some scholarly discussion. While Wesley attributes its "tenor" to Alleine, influences of German Pietism have also been claimed.

Modern usage
Services using the covenant prayer have been included in most Methodist books of liturgy since, though none was included in The Sunday Service of the Methodists; With Other Occasional Services book that Wesley published in 1784 for the use of his followers in America. Perhaps for this reason, while the Covenant service has been an invariable part of the liturgy of the British Methodist Church and its daughter churches in the Commonwealth, its use is less widespread in American Methodist denominations. Referring to the United Methodist Church, Charles R. Hohenstein notes that "covenant services are seldom encountered these days", though theologian Leonard Sweet notes that certain Methodist connexions such as the Free Methodist Church and Pilgrim Holiness Church have maintained the tradition of covenant renewal services.

Although Wesley's early covenant services were not held at any particular time of year, in British Methodism the custom soon developed of holding Covenant services near the beginning of the New Year, nowadays often on the first Sunday of the year. This was perhaps under the influence of the Methodist tradition of holding watchnight services on New Year's Eve, which are done to welcome the coming year with the blessing of God rather than with "drunken revelry".

In the 1920s, British Wesleyan Methodist minister George B. Robson expanded the form of the Covenant Service by replacing most of the exhortation with prayers of adoration, thanksgiving and confession. Robson's Covenant Service was revised and officially authorised for use in the Book of Offices (1936). Further revisions, strengthening the link with Communion and intercession for the wider church and the world, appeared in the Methodist Service Book (1975) and Methodist Worship Book (1999).

Although the form of the covenant prayer and service have been simplified, important elements of them are still retained from Wesley's Directions. They include many of the words both of the bidding that traditionally precedes the prayer, and the prayer itself. The bidding traditionally includes phrasing such as:
 * ...Christ has many services to be done. Some are easy, others are difficult. Some bring honour, others bring reproach. Some are suitable to our natural inclinations and temporal interests, others are contrary to both... Yet the power to do all these things is given to us in Christ, who strengthens us.

Music
In 2012, a new worship resource titled Worship and Song was published by Abingdon Press. Worship and Song is a collection of 190 songs from around the world, as well as prayers and other liturgical resources. It contains a musical version of Wesley's prayer; the music was composed by ministers Adam F. Seate and Jay D. Locklear.

The Prayer

 * Traditional
 * I am no longer my own, but thine.
 * Put me to what thou wilt, rank me with whom thou wilt.
 * Put me to doing, put me to suffering.
 * Let me be employed for thee or laid aside for thee,
 * exalted for thee or brought low for thee.
 * Let me be full, let me be empty.
 * Let me have all things, let me have nothing.
 * I freely and heartily yield all things to thy pleasure and disposal.
 * And now, O glorious and blessed God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit,
 * thou art mine, and I am thine.
 * So be it.
 * And the covenant which I have made on earth,
 * let it be ratified in heaven.
 * Amen.

(as used in the Book of Offices of the British Methodist Church, 1936).

 * Modern
 * I am no longer my own, but yours.
 * Put me to what you will, rank me with whom you will;
 * put me to doing, put me to suffering;
 * let me be employed for you, or laid aside for you,
 * exalted for you, or brought low for you;
 * let me be full,
 * let me be empty,
 * let me have all things,
 * let me have nothing:
 * I freely and wholeheartedly yield all things
 * to your pleasure and disposal.
 * And now, glorious and blessed God,
 * Father, Son and Holy Spirit,
 * you are mine and I am yours. So be it.
 * And the covenant now made on earth, let it be ratified in heaven.
 * Amen.

(as used in the Methodist Worship Book, 1999)

title: Covenant Renewal Service


text:
António Manoel de Vilhena

António Manoel de Vilhena (28 May 1663 – 10 December 1736) was a Portuguese nobleman who was the 66th Prince and Grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem from 19 June 1722 to his death in 1736. Unlike a number of the other Grand Masters, he was benevolent and popular with the Maltese people. Vilhena is mostly remembered for the founding of Floriana, the construction of Fort Manoel and the Manoel Theatre, and the renovation of the city of Mdina.

Early life
António Manoel de Vilhena was born in Lisbon on 28 May 1663 to the aristocrat and general Dom Sancho Manoel de Vilhena, 1st Count de Vila Flor and his first wife, Ana de Noronha. His father fought in wars in central Europe, in Brazil against the Dutch, and in the Portuguese Restoration War against the Spanish Crown. Vilhena was also a remote descendant by one of his direct paternal branches of the noble and royal Castilian. He was a remote uncle of the Duke of Terceira.

Magistracy
De Vilhena was elected Grand Master on 19 June 1722, three days after the death of his predecessor Marc'Antonio Zondadari. On 20 September 1722, Vilhena took possession of the city of Mdina. He was impressed by the warm welcome he received in the traditional ceremony, and on 3 November of the same year he issued orders for restoration of the city's fortifications and renovation of the entire city. The renovation was entrusted to the French architect Charles François de Mondion, who designed a number of Baroque buildings in the largely medieval city. Buildings constructed in Mdina during Vilhena's magistracy include the Mdina Gate, the Torre dello Standardo, Palazzo Vilhena, the Banca Giuratale and the Corte Capitanale.

In 1723, Vilhena financed the construction of Fort Manoel on the Isolotto (now Manoel Island after the Grand Master) in Marsamxett Harbour. The fort was completed ten years later, and it remained in use until the 20th century. Its chapel was dedicated to St. Anthony of Padua, the patron saint of the Grand Master. Vilhena also set up the Manoel Foundation in order to maintain and garrison the fort and its outworks. A bronze statue of the Grand Master was installed in the fort's piazza in 1736, and it was relocated a number of times before being placed in its present location at Pope John XXIII Square in Floriana.

Apart from the construction of Fort Manoel and the restoration of Mdina's walls, a number of improvements were made to the fortifications of Malta throughout Vilhena's magistracy. Saint Anthony's Battery was built on Gozo, the fortifications of Birgu were strengthened, and work continued on the unfinished Cottonera Lines. In 1736, the Santa Margherita Lines were finally completed nearly a century after construction had begun.

In 1724, the Grand Master founded a suburb called Borgo Vilhena in order to meet the demand for housing within the capital Valletta. The suburb was built in the area between the newly completed Floriana Lines and the Valletta Land Front. The town is now known as Floriana, and it retains symbols from Vilhena's coat of arms in its emblem.

In 1730, Vilhena built a summer residence named Palazzo Manoel (now known as Casa Leoni) in Santa Venera. He also built a hunting lodge in Naxxar in 1733, which was later converted into Palazzo Parisio. Vilhena also embellished the 16th-century Verdala Palace in Buskett.

Vilhena also ordered the construction of the Teatro Pubblico in Valletta in 1731. The theatre opened a year later, and it was renamed Manoel Theatre in the 19th century. It is still in operation today. Another public building constructed during Vilhena's magistracy is the Banca Giuratale of Gozo, which was built in 1733.

Vilhena's magistracy was marked by the only attempt to end the perpetual war between the Order and the Ottoman Empire and establish a peace treaty. Negotiations were made through the French ambassador, but nothing materialized. Vilhena maintained the Order's neutrality following the outbreak of the War of the Polish Succession in 1733.

Death
Vilhena died on 10 (or 12 ) December 1736 at the age of 73, and was succeeded as Grand Master by Ramon Despuig. He was buried at the Chapel of the Langue of Castile, Leon and Portugal within the Conventual Church of St. John (now known as St. John's Co-Cathedral). His funerary monument was designed by the Florentine sculptor Massimiliano Soldani Benzi.

Fort Manoel is supposedly haunted by a ghost known as the Black Knight, who resembles de Vilhena.

Heraldry
Vilhena's coat of arms consists of a lion and a winged arm holding a sword representing the, quartered with a white cross on a red background representing the Order of St. John. The blazon is per fess Argent a lion Gules the head Or and Gules a winged arm clothed with a maniple Or holding a sword Argent.

The Grand Master's coat of arms can be seen in many buildings commissioned by him, such as Fort Manoel and Palazzo Vilhena. Depictions of Vilhena's coat of arms

title: António Manoel de Vilhena


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matt Clement

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. dbenbenn | talk 02:39, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Matt Clement

 * Delete ~ is this chap a worthy enough entry - he looks like just another an obscure American Sportsman. Is he big enough to interest the rest of the world? Brookie 15:47, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC) Okay - I give up - I'm now with the Average Earthman below! Brookie 17:52, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. A Google search for "Matt Clement" baseball gets 40,800 hits. 1. Clement has paid seven years of major league baseball, was paid a salary of $6 million in 2005 and the World Series champs the Boston Red Sox have signed him as a starting pitcher for next season. 2 He clearly passes my test of notability for baseballers. I am an Aussie btw. Capitalistroadster 17:27, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak - But is there is any real interest outside the USA (apart from Capitalistroadster)? Still looks weak to me Brookie 20:08, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC) See above
 * Brookie, at the moment it looks like you've made multiple votes, one delete and one "weak" (weak what is unclear?) If you change your vote, please use or around the start of the previous vote, and or at the end, to make it clear that it's been superseded . Samaritan 22:09, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Notable athlete. No Guru 20:46, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This Canadian non-sports-fan votes a definite keep. Samaritan 21:56, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and Brookie, knock off the anti-Americanism. RickK 22:55, Feb 1, 2005 (UTC) - *It's not anti-Americanism (I actually like the Yanks)- it's just the girly-game thing - see Average Earthman below! Brookie
 * Based on the entirely unscientific basis that I've heard of him even sitting in baseball-less Aberdeen, he's probably fairly notable as baseball players go - I doubt I could name another four without having to start on dead ones. So I guess that's a sign for keep. Shimgray 00:25, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Wikipedia is going to become the world's largest directory of sportspeople, and if you don't like that don't visit any of the articles. Philip 02:46, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious keep, notable sports figure. Gamaliel 02:49, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. An important baseball player. Indrian 06:05, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I'm English, and even though I insist he's playing a glorified girls' game, he's still clearly a significant player for a significant team in a significant league playing a glorified girls' game. Average Earthman 11:36, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Duh, keep. —RaD Man (talk) 04:41, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

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title: File:Mmairbox1.jpg


text:
Talk:Săcele

Untitled
As far as I've seen on local boards, Négyfalu is the only Hungarian name in use. IulianU 15:49, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Actually, the town Sacele is formed from fusion of Hosszufalu, Turkos, Bacsfalu and Csernatfalu. The villages Tatrang, Zajzon and Purkerec are separate administrative entities nowadays. This seven villages have the same origin, with lutheran hungarian villagers in the past.

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Talk:2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal

GA Re-Review and In-line citations
Members of the WikiProject Good articles are in the process of doing a re-review of current Good Article listings to ensure compliance with the standards of the Good Article Criteria. (Discussion of the changes and re-review can be found here). A significant change to the GA criteria is the mandatory use of some sort of in-line citation (In accordance to WP:CITE) to be used in order for an article to pass the verification and reference criteria. Currently this article does not include in-line citations. It is recommended that the article's editors take a look at the inclusion of in-line citations as well as how the article stacks up against the rest of the Good Article criteria. GA reviewers will give you at least a week's time from the date of this notice to work on the in-line citations before doing a full re-review and deciding if the article still merits being considered a Good Article or would need to be de-listed. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact us on the Good Article project talk page or you may contact me personally. On behalf of the Good Articles Project, I want to thank you for all the time and effort that you have put into working on this article and improving the overall quality of the Wikipedia project. Agne 21:28, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

GA De-listing
After reviewing the article in accordance to the Good Article Criteria, I unfortunately have to de-list the article at this time for concerns listed below. I encourage the editors to work to address the below concerns and consider resubmitting for Good Article status again. 1. It is well written. - Needs Improvement 2. It is factually accurate and verifiable. - Needs Improvement 3. It is broad in its coverage. - Needs Improvement 4. It follows the neutral point of view policy -Needs Improvement 5. It is stable - Pass 6. It contains images, where possible, to illustrate the topic. - Pass There is a lost of positive and merit to this article. I want to thank the editors for their hard work and dedication that got the article up to this point. Again, I strongly want to encourage the editors to strive to improve this article so that not would it meet the Good Article Criteria but that it would be in considerable shape for a Feature Article nomination. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Agne 20:01, 21 October 2006 (UTC)
 * The lead is quite short and doesn't pass the WP:MOS standard for Lead paragraphs that can be found in WP:LEAD. The lead section should give a more comprehensive overview of what exactly the scandal was, who was involved and a summarization of what the outcome was. An important distinction between an encyclopedic article and a news or magazine article is that we don't need to "build anything up" for the reader-no suspense or plot development. Rather we lay everything out in the beginning and then go into more detail and development below. With a good lead, a reader should know the WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE and WHY of the article below they even get to the TOC.
 * There are some colloquiums in the article that are not quite appropriate for an encyclopedia article. An example would be the last line in the paragraph "Welch and Johnson decided to try harder the next round. Prior to the IOC vote for 1998, they had given out Stetson hats to delegates. For 2002 they decided to give out more than hats."' This reads more like a magazine expose then an encyclopedia entry.
 * The article is lacking in in-line citations to allow the any reader (or the reviewer) to be able to verify important details. For brevity, I would only tag a few items in the articles that particular standout with a need for citations. However, I encourage the editors to do a through vetting of the article for cites and references.
 * The entire section of The winning bid needs through source attribution and the removal of vague weasel words. "Some members", "It was rumored", etc.
 * The most glaring omission is details on the IOC individuals that were involved such as the ones mentioned in the line "As a result of the investigation ten members of the IOC were expelled and another ten were sanctioned."'
 * Another glaring omission is the response (or even mention of) the other bid cities to the scandal.
 * The Aftermath section is quite thin compared to the extensive investigations, court proceedings and media attention the scandal got. There is more areas of focus then just Mitt Romney's participation. There should be mention of some of the protests that came out of the scandal.
 * There are quite a few POV points in the article. I've listed a few here for example this will not be comprehensive. Like with the citations, I encourage the editors to do a thorough vetting of the article for a NPOV tone.
 * In the section Early bid attempts there is overly positive POV in the first paragraph, particularly the line "Dry powdery snow and several ski resorts in the vicinity make it an ideal location for winter sports activities." This is an opinion and while it is acceptable to note this opinion in the article as one of the "selling points" that SLC was using in its bid, the way the article is currently written presents this as the opinion of the article instead of the particular source or document containing the opinion. (which should be cited)
 * These few lines seem almost apologetic and deflecting the scandal for the benefit of Salt Lake City in the section Scandal "Although Salt Lake was not the first city to use creative bid tactics, it was the first to use them to such an extent, as well as the first to get caught. There were also allegations that Atlanta, Nagano, and Sydney had used similar tactics." It downgrades the accusations as being "creative bid tactics" and seemingly deflect the blame to other cities. Additionally, the accusations against the other cities needs to be expanded with more detail accusations and attached to solid and specific sources.
 * Very POVish tone in this line from Aftermath "The Games were so successful that they were one of the few in recent history to turn a profit, thanks in part to heavy marketing and a built-in American audience."
 * The article is sufficiently stable
 * There is room for improvement (images of some of the investigation documents, protest signs, or even images from the Olympic themselves) the article has enough images to pass this criteria.

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://edition.cnn.com/US/9902/11/olympics.01/index.html?eref=sitesearch
 * In 2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal on 2011-05-25 07:25:11, 404 Not Found
 * In 2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal on 2011-06-10 13:29:38, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 13:29, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

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Article needs edits
This is a topic that will likely be receiving a lot of attention to come. It contains many uncited claims and less-than-scholarly language worth modifying. Perhaps someone with more experience might undertake the task.

Also worth mentioning, The 1998 Nagano Olympics Scandal is referenced but not linked, lacking a dedicated page. If referenced in the 1998 Nagano Olympics page, that should be a link. HumphreyBROgart (talk) 19:39, 26 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal


text:
User:Freaky (usurped)

Freaks Rule!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! i love u hahahahahahahahah

Freaky

title: User:Freaky (usurped)


text:
Demographics of Montreal

The Demographics of Montreal concern population growth and structure for Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The information is analyzed by Statistics Canada and compiled every five years, with the most recent census having taken place in 2021.

Population history
According to Statistics Canada, at the time of the 2011 Canadian census the city of Montreal proper had 1,649,519 inhabitants. A total of 3,824,221 lived in the Montreal Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) at the same 2011 census, up from 3,635,556 at the 2006 census (within 2006 CMA boundaries), which means a population growth rate of +5.2% between 2006 and 2011. Montreal's 2012-2013 population growth rate was 1.135%, compared with 1.533% for all Canadian CMAs.

In the 2006 census, children under 14 years of age (621,695) constituted 17.1%, while inhabitants over 65 years of age (495,685) numbered 13.6% of the total population.

Future projections
The current estimate of the Montreal CMA population, as of July 1, 2013, according to Statistics Canada is 3,981,802. According to StatsCan, by 2030, the Greater Montreal Area is expected to number 5,275,000 with 1,722,000 being visible minorities.

City of Montreal
According to the 2021 census, some 38.8% of the population of Montreal and 27.2% that of Metro Montreal, are members of a visible minority (non-white) group. Blacks (198,610 persons or 11.5%) contribute to the largest minority group, with Montreal having the 2nd highest number of black people in Canada after Toronto, as well as having the highest concentrations of black people amongst major Canadian cities. Other groups, such as Arabs (141,935 persons or 8.2%), South Asians (79,670 persons or 4.6%), Latin Americans (78,150 persons or 4.5%), and Chinese (56,935 persons or 3.3%) are also large in number. Visible minorities are defined by the Canadian Employment Equity Act as "persons, other than Aboriginals, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour."

 * Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.

Aboriginals
34,745 Aboriginals live in Montreal.

French
Montreal is the cultural centre of Quebec, French-speaking Canada and French-speaking North America as a whole, and an important city in the Francophonie. The majority of the population is francophone. Montreal is the largest French-speaking city in North America, and second in the world after Paris when counting the number of native-language Francophones (third after Paris and Kinshasa when counting second-language speakers). The city is a hub for French language television productions, radio, theatre, circuses, performing arts, film, multimedia and print publishing.

Montreal plays a prominent role in the development of French-Canadian and Québécois culture. Its contribution to culture is therefore more of a society-building endeavour rather than limited to civic influence. The best talents from French Canada and even the French-speaking areas of the United States converge in Montreal and often perceive the city as their cultural capital. Montreal is also the most important stop in the Americas for Francophone artists from Europe, Africa and Asia.

The cultural divide between Canada's Francophone and Anglophone culture is strong and was famously referred to as the "Two Solitudes" by Canadian writer Hugh MacLennan. Reflecting their deep-seated colonial roots, the Solitudes were historically strongly entrenched in Montreal, splitting the city geographically at Saint Laurent Boulevard.

British Isles
Montreal is the focal point of Quebec's English-speaking community. Arriving in waves from the United Kingdom and eventually the entire British Commonwealth, the historical English-speaking community in Montreal includes Quebecers of English, Scottish, and Irish origin (as reflected in the city's flag) as well as Loyalists, escaped slaves, and immigrants from the Caribbean and the Indian subcontinent.

With the advent of mass migration from beyond the confines of the British Empire, the English-speaking community in Montreal expanded to include a huge array of different cultures and ethnic groups. Since Chinese, Jewish, Greek, and other non-Catholic immigrants were barred from attending French-language Catholic schools under the Confessional school system, they attended English-language Protestant schools instead and became acculturated into the English-speaking community. This trend was boosted by the Catholic Church's policy, called la Revanche des berceaux or the "Revenge of the Cradle", of encouraging French-Canadians to maintain a very high birth-rate in order to bolster the community's demographic weight in Canada. This policy, along with the Church's traditional mistrust of entrepreneurship and the business world, caused French-Canadians in Quebec to remain largely poor and rural while shunning immigration in an attempt to resist assimilation. Immigrants who arrived prior to the Quiet Revolution therefore largely assimilated into the increasingly diverse English-speaking community in Montreal, while the city's French-speaking community remained largely white, French, and Catholic, growing through high birth rates and migration from the countryside rather than immigration.

During the Quiet Revolution, French Quebecers left the Church en masse and birth rates fell drastically as they began to question the Duplessis-era establishment's legitimacy. This awakening coincided with the arrival of a massive wave of Italian immigrants who, despite being Catholic, demanded English-language training and bilingual schools for their children. This community's desire to see its children, like those of fellow immigrant groups and the English community, educated in the majority language of Canada rather than the language of an insular minority clashed directly with Quebec francophones' emergent self-image as a majority community within Quebec rather than a national minority within Canada. With birth-rates declining dramatically, French Quebecers wished to tap into immigration to maintain their share of the population and the government set its sights on the Italian community, leading to the Saint-Leonard Conflict in which the Italian community sought to maintain freedom of choice in education in the face of the government's demands that they send their children to French-language schools. The Government of Quebec intended to allow English-language schooling only for Quebec's "historical English minority", a move which the Italian community viewed as discriminatory. The matter was eventually settled with the advent of Bill 101, which allowed anyone who arrived before 1976 to continue school in the language of their choice while requiring all new immigrants from outside Quebec (including English-speaking Canadians) to attend school in French; this last requirement, the so-called Quebec clause was eventually struck down by the Supreme Court and expanded to allow anyone who received the better part of their schooling in English in Canada to send their children to English school in Quebec (in practice, this complex formula was designed so as not to bestow a right to English education on anyone who was educated in an English-speaking country and later became a Canadian citizen).

Because of these developments, Montreal's English-speaking community today includes people of English and Commonwealth ancestry, as well as specific groups who arrived in waves before the advent of Bill 101. It is a highly diverse community, with many members having a complex and multi-layered sense of identity that does not easily conform to the Government's definitions of "anglophone", "allophone", and "francophone".

The community is served by one daily newspaper, The Gazette, as well as a number of weeklies including The Suburban. Another major daily, the Montreal Star, was Canada's foremost English-language daily until it ceased publication in 1979 due to a labour dispute. The most-watched television news channel is CTV Montreal, formerly CFCF 12, and the community is also served by local desks at the CBC, Global, Citytv, and MaTV.

The English-speaking community in Montreal has traditionally been very pro-active in building up institutions in the areas of education and healthcare, most notably McGill and Concordia Universities and the McGill University Health Centre. With the advent of Bill 101, which made French the sole language of work, these institutions came to play a key role in maintaining the vitality and viability of the English-speaking community. Alliance Quebec, an advocacy group created to give voice to the concerns of the English-speaking community in the turbulent times following the election of the Parti Québécois in 1976, fought to give English-speakers the right to work as well. In a compromise, the government made provisions in Bill 101 for so-called "bilingual institutions", namely school boards, colleges and universities, and hospitals serving primarily the English-speaking community, which would be required only to ensure the provision of services in French without having to operate entirely in French as otherwise required by Bill 101. In effect, this allowed English speakers to maintain access to the workforce by giving them non-client-facing jobs, so long as the organization could still provide services in French. Because of this historical development, English-speaking Montrealers' identity is deeply entwined with the community's historical institutions. Along similar lines, the Jewish General Hospital was founded by the largely-English speaking Jewish Community to provide jobs and ensure quality healthcare for the Jewish community (notably whilst serving any and all, regardless of race, religion, or creed) at a time when Jews were routinely excluded from the medical profession and discriminated against as patients within a denominational healthcare system., which actually occurred before the Quiet Revolution during English rule in Montreal (and indeed all of Quebec at the time).

Prominent venues in Montreal's English-speaking community include the Centaur Theatre and the Segal Centre for Performing Arts. Notable English-speaking Montrealers include Oliver Jones, Leonard Cohen, Oscar Peterson, William Shatner, Nick Auf der Maur, Melissa Auf der Maur, Mike Bossy, and Mordecai Richler.

The English-speaking community in Montreal is geographically fragmented along its diverse ethnic lines, with much of the English-speaking population concentrated in the suburban communities of the West Island. Traditionally, the city of Westmount and Montreal's Golden Square Mile were the home of the wealthy English merchant class. Other wealthy, largely English-speaking suburbs include the towns of Hampstead and Mount Royal, as well as the more middle class city of Côte-Saint-Luc, which is traditionally associated with the city's Jewish community. The working-class Irish community was associated with the rough neighborhoods of Pointe-Saint-Charles, Verdun and Saint-Henri, which continue to host successive waves of immigrant groups as they arrive and eventually spread throughout the city. Saint Laurent Boulevard is the traditional dividing line between the so-called Two Solitudes, with the English-speaking community to the West and the French-speaking community to the East, although these lines continue to blur. Along its length, St. Laurent (also known as "The Main") has hosted a wide variety of groups that eventually came to form the city's English-speaking community, from Chinatown in the South, through Little Portugal, where Leonard Cohen had his house, and into the Mile End, which housed the Jewish community upon its first arrival and also contained numerous factories in the Schmata Industry, as described by Mordecai Richler in his work, St. Urbain's Horseman. The Greek community settled further up The Main near Outremont and the Park Extension neighbourhood near Jean Talon Street (an area which today boasts a large South Asian community), while the Italian community settled first into the neighbourhood of Ahuntsic and later, St. Leonard, Montreal North, and Riviere des Prairies.

All of these groups have English as their first language of use and may partake in the English-language or other minority school systems, but they also maintain separate cultural traditions and institutions and often operate in French at work, making it difficult to pinpoint exactly where the boundaries of Montreal's English-speaking community lie. Montréal's English-speaking population became more diverse in the 20th century. Jewish migrants from Eastern Europe arrived in large numbers in the late 19th century, followed by Italians, both groups largely aligning with the English-speaking community. Less numerous, but also important, were the many black, Chinese and South Asian migrants who increased the visible minority proportion of anglophones; today, 24.2 per cent of anglophones are visible minorities. Moreover, most anglophones in Québec are now of non-English origin.

Italians
Montreal's Italian community is one of the largest in Canada, second only to Toronto. With 250,000 residents of Italian ancestry, Montreal has many Italian districts, such as Little Italy, Saint-Leonard (Città Italiana), R.D.P., and LaSalle. Italian is the 3rd most spoken language in Montreal and in the province of Quebec.

Greeks
Greek is the eighth language in importance. The Greek community remains vibrant: several neighbourhoods contain a number of Greek-owned businesses and local festivals and churches add to the multicultural character of the city. The neighbouring city of Laval also has a sizable Greek community, predominantly residing in the borough of Chomedey.

Eastern Europeans
In 1931 the largest non-French, non-British ethnic group in St. Eusebe and St. Gabriel was the Poles.

In 1931 the largest non-French, non-British ethnic group in Cremazie was the Czecho-Slovaks.

In 1931 the largest non-French, non-British ethnic group in St. Marie was the Lithuanians.

In 1931 the largest non-French, non-British ethnic group in St. Georges was the Finns.

Jews
Montreal's Jewish community is one of the oldest and most populous in the country, formerly first but now second to Toronto and numbering about 100,000 according to the 2001 census. The community is quite diverse, and is composed of many different Jewish ethnic divisions that arrived in Canada at different periods of time and under differing circumstances.

Jews comprised 2.4% of the total Montreal population.

Middle Eastern
According to CH (Montreal's multicultural channel) there are now over 117,000 people of Arab origin in Montreal. Montreal has sizeable communities of Lebanese, Syrian and Egyptian origin. The main Arab district is the borough of Saint-Laurent, which contains an Arab population of about 32,000 (52 percent of the population).

In 1931 the Syro-Lebanese were the largest non-French and non-British ethnic group in Ville Marie.

Lebanese
According to the 2011 Census there were 190,275 Canadians who claimed Lebanese ancestry, with the largest concentration in Montreal, making them by far the largest group of people with Arabic-speaking roots.

Moroccans
As of the 2001 Canadian Census there were over 16,000 Canadians of Moroccan descent in Montreal, about 75% of the total Moroccan population of Canada.

Armenian
As of 2005 there were almost 30,000 ethnic Armenians in Montreal. The Armenians first settled Canada in 1880. The first Armenian community in Montreal originally had 225 people.

There are Armenian community institutions such as schools, youth organizations, and churches. The authors of "The Chameleon Character of Multilingual Literacy Portraits: Researching in "Heritage" Language Places and Spaces" wrote that in Montreal "there is no recognizable materially bounded Armenian neighborhood"; however, there are three Armenian schools in Montreal, as well as an AGBU Centre located in Ville Saint-Laurent and the Armenian Community Centre of Montréal, located in Ahuntsic-Cartierville.

Berbers
Especially from Algeria and Morocco, this immigration is recent and almost 90,000 Berbers live in Montreal.

Caribbean
Additional West Indian women, from both the Francophone and Anglophone Caribbean, came to Montreal after the Domestic Immigration Program of 1955 was established. Most settled in Little Burgundy.

Haitian
Montreal's Haitian community of 100,000 people is the largest in Canada. Large percentages of Haitians live in Montréal-Nord, Saint-Michel and R.D.P. Today, Haitian Creole is the sixth most spoken language in Montreal and the seventh most spoken language in the province of Quebec.

Latin American
Montreal is host to the second largest Latin American community in Canada at 75,400 (Toronto ranks first, with 99,290), but amongst major Canadian cities, has the highest Latin American concentration at 4.1% in comparison to Toronto's Latin American concentration of 2.9% as well as the highest concentration amongst major Canadian metro areas at 2.7% to Toronto GMA's 2.3% as of 2016. The majority of Latin American Canadians are recent immigrants arriving in the late 20th century who have come from El Salvador, Colombia, Mexico, Chile and Guatemala with relatively smaller communities from the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Venezuela, Nicaragua and Ecuador. Spanish is currently the fifth most spoken language in Montreal.

On the other hand, the city is also home to 4,425 Brazilians who are part of the Portuguese-speaking community of Montreal.

South Asian
The term Indo-Canadian is typically used in Canada to refer to people from the many ethnic groups of the Republic of India, and other South Asian countries including Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Sometimes you will also hear the term 'East Indian.' As of 1985 there were 9,000 Sikhs in the Montreal area. Around 35 of Air India Flight 182's passengers were Sikhs from Greater Montreal. A memorial to AI182, located in Lachine, Montreal, opened in 2010.

Chinese
As of 2006 Montreal has Canada's third largest ethnic Chinese population at 72,000 members. As of 2005 there is an estimate of 42,765 ethnic Chinese in Montreal. Of the ethnic minorities, the Chinese are the fourth largest. National origins include Hong Kong, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and Singapore.

The South Shore suburb of Brossard in particular has a high ethnic Chinese population, at 12% of its population. Montreal also has a small Chinatown sandwiched in between Old Montreal, the Quartier international and downtown.

As of 2005 Sinoquebec is the newest Chinese-language newspaper in Montreal. Others are Les Presses Chinoises and Sept Days.

Several Chinese-language special schools are in Montreal. The Montreal Chinese Hospital is located in the city.

Japanese
As of 2005 there were an estimated 2,360 ethnic Japanese in Montreal. As of 2003 there was no particular place where ethnic Japanese were concentrated, E. Bourgault wrote in Perspectives on the Japanese Canadian Experience in Quebec (Repartir à zéro: Perspectives sur l'expérience des Canadiens d'origine japonaise au Québec) that Japanese in Montreal historically "lived relatively anonymously" and that they "have avoided visible concentration as a collective, hoping to blend in, unnoticed into the larger population."

Cambodians
As of 1999 the Communauté Khmere du Canada (Khmer Community Association) and the Pagode Khmer du Canada (Khmer Buddhist Temple) cooperate with one another.

Some Muslim Cham people also moved to Montreal.

As of 1999 in Montreal duan chee give active help in resolving emotional issues with Khmer women, while this is not the case with duan chee in Toronto.

Language
[[File:Montréal - Secteurs Statitiques 2006 - Langue Maternelle.svg|thumb|Census tracts in Montreal identified by mother tongue language. {{Legend|#2A7FFF|Francophone (majority)}}{{Legend|#AACCFF|Francophone (minority)}}{{Legend|#FF2A2A|Anglophone (majority)}}{{Legend|#FFAAAA|Anglophone (minority)}}{{Legend|#40CA40|Allophone (majority)}}{{Legend|#87DE87|Allophone (minority)}}

]] In terms of mother language (first language learned), the 2006 census reported that in the Greater Montreal Area, 66.5% spoke French as a first language, followed by English at 13.2%, while 0.8% spoke both as a first language. The remaining 22.5% of Montreal-area residents are allophones, speaking languages including Italian (3.5%), Arabic (3.1%), Spanish (2.6%), Haitian Creole (1.3%), Chinese (1.2%), Greek (1.2%), Portuguese (0.8%), Romanian (0.7%), Vietnamese (0.7%), and Russian (0.5%). In terms of additional languages spoken, a unique feature of Montreal among Canadian cities, noted by Statistics Canada, is the working knowledge of both French and English possessed by most of its residents.

City of Montreal
The Greater Montreal Area is predominantly Roman Catholic; however, weekly church attendance in Quebec is among the lowest in Canada. Historically Montreal has been a centre of Catholicism in North America with its numerous seminaries and churches, including the Notre-Dame Basilica, the Cathédrale Marie-Reine-du-Monde, and Saint Joseph's Oratory. Some 62.4% of the total population is Christian, largely Roman Catholic (52.8%), primarily due to descendants of original French settlers, and others of Italian and Irish origins. Protestants which include Anglican, United Church, Lutheran, owing to British and German immigration, and other denominations number 5.90%, with a further 3.7% consisting mostly of Orthodox Christians, fuelled by a large Greek population. There is also a number of Russian and Ukrainian Orthodox parishes. Islam is the largest non-Christian religious group, with 154,540 members, the second-largest concentration of Muslims in Canada at 9.6%. The Jewish community in Montreal has a population of 90,780. In cities such as Côte Saint-Luc and Hampstead, Jewish people constitute the majority, or a substantial part of the population. As recently as 1971 the Jewish community in Greater Montreal was as high as 109,480. Political and economic uncertainties led many to leave Montreal and the province of Quebec.

The religious breakdown of the population of Montreal is:

title: Demographics of Montreal


text:
Alfred William Hunt

Alfred William Hunt (15 November 1830 – 3 May 1896), was a British painter. He was son of the landscapist Andrew Hunt.

Biography
Hunt was born in Liverpool in 1830. He began to paint while at the Liverpool Collegiate School. However at his father's suggestion he went in 1848 to Corpus Christi College, Oxford to study classics. His career there was distinguished; he won the Newdigate Prize in 1851 for his poem Nineveh, and became a Fellow of Corpus in 1853. Hunt throughout his career provided sketches to the Illustrated London News the first such, came about through being a witness of the Dee Bridge train disaster on 24 May 1847. Hunt, aged 16 at the time was in the following train, his sketch of the incident was printed by the newspaper on 29 May 1847.

He did not, however, abandon his artistic practice for, encouraged by Ruskin, he exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1854, and afterwards contributed landscapes in oil and watercolour to London and other regional exhibitions. In 1861 he married, gave up his Fellowship, and in 1862 was elected as an Associate of the Royal Watercolour Society, receiving full membership in 1864. His work is distinguished mainly by its exquisite quality and a poetic rendering of atmosphere. He was associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and the extraordinary detail apparent in his landscapes and the careful rendering of grass, leaves and trees is a consequence of this.

His wife Margaret Raine Hunt wrote several works of fiction; and one of her daughters, Violet Hunt, was known as a novelist. His niece, Jessie MacGregor has paintings in the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool. He had three daughters.

He is buried with his wife and daughter at Brookwood Cemetery.

title: Alfred William Hunt


text:
Talk:Epigram

Disambig
There is also an experimental programming language called Epigram. There should probably be a disambiguation page sitting at the unqualified word. Can somebody do that and/or point me at a resource on how to do it myself? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nentuaby (talk • contribs) 2006-05-19T22:08:09

Epigram Examples
Good nature and good sense must ever join; to err is human, to forgive devine. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.221.118.140 (talk • contribs) 2006-05-31T20:48:54

the child is the father of man —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mailsfrdeepak (talk • contribs) 18:14, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Catullus - Bad Translation
The translation of Catullus's poem 85 in this article is horrible. There is no implication of 'her' in the epigram it literally says 'I hate and I love' any interpretation presuming this poem is simply about Lesbia or some other girl and could not be read in any other sense would be making a gross presumption. Anyway point being, it is a bad translation of the text, it is even contradicted by the Wikipedia article on the same poem (which, by the way, this article should link to). What are you’re thoughts? 130.130.37.13 (talk) 08:27, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

English
The section on poems using the epigrammatic form had poor English and structure, I've tidied it. However I'm still not sure of the sense or relevance of it - needs a better explanation of how the form has been used and adapted in English. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gymnophoria (talk • contribs) 09:29, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Epigram