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Autonomous Action

The Autonomous Action (AD; Автономное действие; АД; Avtonomnoye deystviye, AD) is a revolutionary anarchist federation in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine that was founded in January 2002.

AD is composed of anarcho-communists, syndicalists, autonomists, and radical ecologists. Autonomous Action also had members in Armenia — "Proryv", that group having since been terminated by the end of 2005.

Autonomous Action utilizes direct action "to create a tradition and basis for a new humanist culture, social self-organisation and radical resistance against militarism, capitalism, sexism and fascism".

Unlike leftist political parties in Russia, Autonomous Action refuses to acknowledge the existing political system as legitimate, often criticizing leftist movements that participate in the public political sphere. The group also is strongly critical of other opposition movements in Russia, most notably the Liberal Opposition due to their compliance with Russian elections and refusal to announce revolutionary calls to action. Some members of Autonomous Action go as far as to suggest that much of the Liberal Opposition is under the Kremlin's guidance as controlled opposition, even groups and individuals without established political parties.

Summary of politics
On the official website of the organization reported that "independent action" was established in January 2002 as well. 25–27 January 2002 in Nizhny Novgorod was the 1st Founding Congress of the movement.

Basic principles that unite members of the organization:
 * 1) Anti-authoritarianism,
 * 2) Anti-capitalism,
 * 3) Anti-fascism, Anti-nationalism,
 * 4) Anti-Bolshevism,
 * 5) Self-governance,
 * 6) Antimilitarism,
 * 7) Environmentalism,
 * 8) Anti-sexism,
 * 9) New humanist culture,
 * 10) Anti-clericalism

Activists of the "Autonomous Action" call themselves the autonomy, and their struggle for an autonomous because the act itself, regardless of the bureaucratic system.

Participants seek to create a system of national government - the federation of free individuals, groups, communities, regions and countries. According to "Autonomous Action", the bodies of coordination between these groups may be independent councils or other institutions of public government, formed by general meetings based on the principles of delegating the right of immediate withdrawal of the delegates.

The group further published an official “alternative to Putin”, on February 13, 2021, which included:
 * 1) The complete abolition of the presidency.
 * 2) The establishment of a system of collectively elected bodies that pass all laws in the nation (Autonomous Action does not recognize the State Duma as a legitimate institution).
 * 3) A prohibition of secret ballot in parliaments and self-government bodies of any level. This further includes a list of names of the deputies who voted on laws and ballots that would be published online.
 * 4) An introduction of a new procedure that allows voters to recall elected officials at any given moment.

They further published two additional goals that would need to be achieved in order to ensure freedom of political discussion:
 * 1) The complete disbanding of the “political police” - the Anti-Extremism Centers and the Federal Security Bureau - due to their role as criminal organizations “actively engaged in repression against opponents of the current government”. These repressions include murder and the falsification of criminal cases.
 * 2) A complete repeal of the law “On Counteracting Extremist Activity” and the corresponding articles of the Criminal Code.

The ideology of "autonomous action" based on the world revolutionary libertarian communist ideas. Ideas and social theory, taken into service, are not confined only within the framework of anarchism. According to supporters of AD, at present, in the context of the current situation in the country and the world, the need for a qualitatively new strategy that meets today's current living conditions. Among the members of the association may be platformists, syndicalists libertarian Marxist, radical environmentalists, communitarians, "New Left" and so on.

According to AD, at present, in the context of the current situation in the country and in the world, it is necessary to develop a qualitatively new strategy that meets today's actual living conditions.

The main print projects of Autonomous Action are journal «Avtonom» and the newspaper «Situatsiya». In 2004, the members of the organization founded the Antijob project.

Autonomous Action believes that centuries of authoritarianism in Russia, specifically, the concentration the state's power in the hands of one person whether that be the Russian Kingdom, Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, or the Russian Federation, has never brought benefit to the people. Instead, the group asserts that power corrupts, and often creates a huge danger of the nation slipping into dictatorship.

Autonomous Action recognizes numerous examples of collective forms of government throughout history that it views as examples to be followed, even if participation in government was not available to all residents such as in the ancient city-states or the Novgorod and Pskov veche republics. The group also looks to the numerous areas throughout modern Russia during the revolutionary period of 1917-1918 where deputies were elected and accountable to all members of the Soviet population. Autonomous Action further supports the anti-Bolshevik uprising in Kronstadt in 1921, referring to the revolutionaries there as supporters of the true power of the Soviets.

Further universal grassroots self-government that the group refers to include: the Makhnovshchina, communes during the Spanish Civil War of 1936, and modern day Kurdistan where “the people living there have the opportunity to determine their own lives”.

With that said, Autonomous Action advocates for a society in which collective decision-making distributes power more evenly and promotes public debate and transparent discussion. The characterize "normal political life" as that when different groups in society freely defend their vision of the further development of society.

Views on Vladimir Putin
Autonomous Action is heavily critical of President Vladimir Putin's administration referring to him as а Тsar that has entrenched himself in power alongside his corrupt friends and former colleagues. The group blames Vladimir Putin, as the successor of Yeltsin, for the continued failures of the nation to take care of its people, and for the ongoing repressions in the nation.

The group attributes Pro-Putinist sentiment in the West to a misguided frustration with their own ruling capitalist elite, with westerners viewing Putin not as a power-hungry dictator, but instead as a viable alternative that can be supported due to his ability to induce fear in a nation's elites. Autonomous Action warns western Putinists (such as international fighters joining the Donbas War on the side of the breakaway republics, as well as those within Russia, that Putin is not “some kind of Che Guevara” who desires to dismantle the existing status-quo of Western elitist domination, but rather, he is a part of his own corrupt capitalist elite (primarily composed of his friends and former colleagues in the Federal Security Bureau), and simply seeks to remain in power for as long as he can since as soon as he steps down from power, he will be put on trial for corruption among various other crimes.

Ultimately, Autonomous Action desires the removal and persecution of Vladimir Putin and his administration under corruption charges, as well as for the repression of opposition figures through murder and falsification of criminal charges.

Views on other leftist movements
Autonomous Action characterizes many of the contemporary neo-Soviet movements with “red-brownism” (красно-коричневые, krasno-korichnevye), a modern phenomenon in former Soviet republics (primarily in Russia) that combines aspects of Soviet imperialism with right-wing conservatism, especially regarding social issues. The philosophy was popularized in the 1990s, especially during the 1993 Constitutional Crisis which saw many far-left and far-right movements band together to combat President Yeltsin's economic reforms. A primary proponent of the red-brown ideology in the 1990s was the National Salvation Front (Фронт национального спасения, Front natsional'nogo spaseniya) whose membership later became integrated into modern political parties such as the ultranationalist Liberal Democratic Party of Russia and the Communist Party of Russia. Red-brownism is most closely associated with “Red-fascism” in Western nations.

Autonomous Action views the successor to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, as controlled opposition, similar to the other political parties in the Russian State Duma. Though they highlight that the Communist Party acts more opposingly to Vladimir Putin and United Russia when compared to parliamentary parties such as the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR), Autonomous Action labels these actions as controlled theatrics, stating that the party is merely creating “a show for the average people” in order to create an illusion of parliamentary opposition to Putin.

Autonomous Action further compares the Russian Communist Party, and other leftist parties in favor of "patriotic values", a philosophy very strongly propagated by Vladimir Putin's government and almost all political parties in parliament, to the NSDAP. They state that Gennady Zyuganov, head of the CPRF, has instated the following 9 values as guiding principles for Communist Party:
 * 1) There is no proletariat. We need to protect ethnically Russian and patriarchal heritage.
 * 2) To defend the Russians, we need a strong homeland - a state.
 * 3) Every Russian should be a patriot.
 * 4) A strong family is the backbone of the state.
 * 5) Orthodoxy is not only the support of the state, but also the primordially Russian religion. Those who are not Orthodox are not Russian.
 * 6) We [the Communist Party and Russian state] must try to combine Orthodoxy and the "Soviet experience."
 * 7) Capitalism and private property in industry are essential.
 * 8) Internationalism should be understood as the expansion of the "Russian idea" into neighboring countries.
 * 9) All who are against the above principles are enemies of Russia. These include Trotskyists, agents of the State Department, etc.

Autonomous Action, along with other far-left, anti-government groups have strongly criticized the CPRF for being hypocrites to their own ideology, refusing to remain ideologically pure to a proletariat revolution and instead diluting their values with right-wing principles in order to not be punished by the government. Autonomous Action further states that the CPRF refuses to concretely criticize Vladimir Putin and the Russian government, instead opting for "nationalistic content in a socialist wrapper". The group also states that the CPRF and its affiliates have done nothing to support workers rights or acknowledge worker exploitation in Russia.

Views on Alexei Navalny
Autonomous Action believes that Alexei Navalny's political career is based on a false and naive notion that Russia can pursue politics “normally”, such as in Western parliamentarism. They view his actions as a performance for the people to believe that normalcy is possible in Russia and characterizes his supporters as those who simply refuse to believe in the obvious: that corruption investigations, participation in elections, and voting for the opposition, will never have an effect in Russia.

Despite holding such a view on parliamentary politics, Autonomous Action does believe that Western style politics, such as what Navalny is advocating for, can be achieved when Putin leaves power. The group states that if Navalny is still alive by the time Putin leaves, there will be great political opportunities for him, though membership of the group, similar to much of the Russian political-left, remains skeptical about whether to support him or not due to his previous ties with Russian nationalist groups, his attendance of the 2006 Russian March (an annual march of Russian nationalists), as well as his self-proclamation of being a "Nationalist Democrat" and views on immigration.

Autonomous Action further believes that given the inability to pursue “normal” parliamentary politics in Russia, the only alternatives are more desperate measures. An example cited in Antti Rautiainen's article, the Arkhangelsk FSB office bombing in 2018, where he concludes that few in Russia are ready to support too desperate measures, and fewer are willing to commit such actions themselves. He states the problem of Russian opposition movement as to find such forms of resistance to be both effective and accessible.

Some members of Autonomous Action view the poisoning of Alexei Navalny as an unfortunate event, though not because the FSB targeted him, but because they inadvertently turned Navalny into a national hero. They view Navalny's political career with a growing worry as it allegedly grows in similarity to that of Yeltsin, and fear that if his popularity grows too much, he will simply replace Putin at the helm of the Russian government and will only change Russia for the worse (such as Yeltsin did, according to the group).

On "Smart Voting" and the 2021 Russian legislative election
In a statement released on September 2, 2021, Autonomous Action reaffirmed their views that elections in Russia, specifically the State Duma Elections of 2021 are illegitimate, and criticized Alexei Navalny's Smart Voting strategy as pointless, and “unable to amount to anything”. Though they did not officially announce a boycott of the election, Autonomous Action stated that by voting in them, one acknowledges the legitimacy of the existing system and thus, subsequently promotes it.

Views on the war in Donbas
Autonomous Action's Moscow branch officially stated that it recognizes the conflict in Ukraine as a war between fascist groups backed by capitalist nations. The group's membership generally agrees with other anti-war leftist rhetoric, stating that both state actors (and the subsequent governments) are prolonging this war for their benefit; Putin using a neighboring conflict within the former Soviet Union to distract the Russian people from the ongoing domestic financial crisis while Poroshenko weaponized the conflict to flame nationalist sentiment and legitimize his own government after the 2014 Maidan Revolution. The group has concluded that the ultimate goal of the perpetuation of the war in Donbas is to prevent Ukraine from joining NATO, securing Russia's southern European flank from military aggression.

The group believes that organizations using “anti-fascist” as а “simple label, which does not have anything to do with the reality”, and that there exists no genuine anti-capitalist resistance in the conflict, on either side.

Views on international movements
Autonomous Action praises the PKK and Kurdish militias that fought off the Islamic State, as well as the Zapatista's in Mexico, though many members of the group remain weary of possible nationalistic sentiment within these resistance movements clouding anarchist thought.

In regards to the Kurdish national movement, Autonomous Action has stated that it is not overall anarchist, with only some of its members advocating for a stateless society. Though most of Ocalan's (key founder of Kurdish resistance in Turkey) supporters adhere to the concept of a democratic secular state, and the legal wing of the PKK, the Kurdish HDP party participating in Turkish parliamentary elections, Autonomous Action believes that the Kurdish national movement has a great future ahead of them. The group further recognizes the many libertarian elements of the Kurdish movement (confederalism, cooperatives, direct municipal democracy) and suggests that such elements can become a platform for the further development of libertarian socialist thought and anarchist ideas (if the anarchists in the movement decide to do so).

Split
In August 2013, at the XII Congress of Autonomous Action there was an intra-organizational conflict that grew into a split in the organization. For several months, two organizations were operating in Russia, bearing the name "Autonomous Action" and standing on similar libertarian-communist positions. However, on October 27, 2013, the breakaway part of the participants adopted the name Autonomous Action (Social-Revolutionary) (ADSR) (later this organization was renamed "People's Self-Defense" ).

Currently, "Autonomous Action" positions itself as a "libertarian media group" and aims to promote the libertarian and anarchist alternative through the creation of high-quality and modern news and analytical resources.

Notable members

 * Anastasia Baburova
 * Antti Rautiainen
 * Pyotr Ryabov
 * Vadim Kurylev

title: Autonomous Action


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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Glenn Carter

Glenn Carter (born 27 March 1964) is an English stage actor and singer-songwriter performing leading roles in musicals staged in London's West End.

Early life
Carter was born in Staffordshire, England. He trained at the Arts Educational School in London.

West End productions
Carter has appeared on London's West End stages in musical productions such as Jesus Christ Superstar, Grease, Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, Chess, Whistle Down the Wind, and Les Misérables. In 2008, Carter took up the role of "Tommy DeVito" in the London premiere of the musical, Jersey Boys, a part which he continued to play until March 2010.

Carter has been cast as Jesus in several productions of Jesus Christ Superstar. In 1996, 16 years after the closure of the original production of Jesus Christ Superstar, the Really Useful Theatre Company revived the show in the West End, in which Carter was originally cast as Simon Zealotes before replacing Steve Balsamo as Jesus. In 1998, Really Useful mounted a touring production in the UK which did not include Carter in any of the leading roles.

Other
In 2011, Carter played the title role in Floyd Collins at Southwark Playhouse directed by Derek Bond. Carter has also worked in repertory theatre at the Derby Playhouse, his most recent role being Buzz Aldrin in "Moon Landing". He has played roles in the TV shows The Bill and Doctors. Carter was cast as the corrupt and hypocritical fictitious chat show host Patrick Chase in British music act Chase and Status video for their 2010 single "Let You Go".

A film adaptation of "Jesus Christ Superstar" was released in 2000, starring Carter as Jesus, Jérôme Pradon as Judas, Renee Castle as Mary Magdalene and Rik Mayall as Herod. The film was directed by Gale Edwards and Nick Morris.

Involvement with the Raëlian Movement
Carter has been the Leader of the UK branch of the Raëlian Movement since 2002. According to Raëlian doctrine, humans were created by extraterrestrials. The organisation's head, Raël (former auto racer Claude Vorilhon), founded the Movement in 1973 at the request of the President of the extraterrestrials′ governing body and declared that the world should be governed in the form of a "money-less society, governed by a World College of Geniuses".

In 2002, in the week following the claim by Clonaid (which has ties to Raëlism) to have cloned a human, Carter told the press "the evidence would be supplied in the next few days". In February 2003, it was announced that Carter would participate in a panel debate on the ethics of human cloning before an audience of Oxford University students.

title: Glenn Carter


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Talk:Western Jewish History Center

Untitled
Hello. My name is Aaron T. Kornblum; I am the Archivist of the Western Jewish History Center. I put up the text about the Center. The text comes from one of our brochures. I would like the text and the article I put up about the center to be put online on the Wikipedia. The text does not infringe upon anyone's copyright. If there are any questions about this, please contact me at wjhc@magnes.org or at akornblum@magnes.org

Thanks.

Aaron T. Kornblum, Archivist Western Jewish History Center Judah L. Magnes Museum, Berkeley

title: Talk:Western Jewish History Center


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Scampi (movie)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 12:36, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Scampi (movie)
Not notable. Another sweet little movie from Jonti Picking. This one was surely a quickie since the audio wasn't synced precisely. r3m0t 23:49, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 02:03, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable, not enough info to justify merging into Picking's bio.   — Gwalla | Talk 01:34, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:John Bradshaw (judge)

History
The history section was taken word-for-word from the quoted biography site. This is available under Common Commons License - but MUST be attributed. Ian Cairns 23:51, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid this must be removed. The CC license used is cc-by-nc-sa. This prohibits commerical use (nc: non-commerical), which Wiki allows, and is sharealike (sa) which demands its release under precisely the original licese, meaning the GFDL used here is explicitly incompatible with it. If rewriting it, be absoutely sure you are not creating a derivative work or that is also a violation of the license. -Splash talk 00:18, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

I spotted this problem in the history of the article. There are two choices either we ask David Plant (user name on Wikipedia is Digweed) to do what we did for the article James Temple and ask for an OTRS, or we can zap the article and replace it with a Wikified copy of the text from If someone else is willing to initiate and shepard an OTRS process for the current text then please step forward. If not then I will zap the article and replace it with the DNB text. -- PBS (talk) 11:35, 16 August 2011 (UTC)

Posthumous Execution
I have deleted the phrase "back in England," as redundant as the events described within this section of the article all took place in London.Cloptonson (talk) 14:04, 19 December 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:John Bradshaw (judge)


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Logan Pearsall Smith

Logan Pearsall Smith (18 October 1865 – 2 March 1946) was an American-born British essayist and critic. Harvard and Oxford educated, he was known for his aphorisms and epigrams, and was an expert on 17th century divines. His Words and Idioms made him an authority on correct English language usage. He wrote his autobiography, Unforgotten Years, in 1938.

Early life
Smith was born in Millville, New Jersey. He was the son of the prominent Quakers Robert Pearsall Smith and Hannah Whitall Smith, and a descendant of James Logan, who was William Penn's secretary and the Chief Justice of Pennsylvania in the 18th century. His mother's family had become wealthy from its glass factories. He lived for a time as a boy in England. In his 1938 autobiography, Smith describes how in his youth he came to be a friend of Walt Whitman in the poet's latter years.

Smith's sister Alys was the first wife of philosopher Bertrand Russell. His sister Mary was married twice, first to the Irish barrister Benjamin Conn "Frank" Costelloe. Their two daughters were Ray Strachey and Karin Stephen, in-laws to Lytton Strachey and Virginia Woolf, respectively. Mary later married the art historian Bernard Berenson.

Education
Smith attended the William Penn Charter School in Philadelphia, Haverford College, Harvard College, and the University of Berlin. Smith later studied at Balliol College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1891.

Career
Smith employed a succession of young secretary/companions to help him. This post was Cyril Connolly's first job in 1925 and he was to be strongly influenced by Smith. Robert Gathorne-Hardy succeeded Connolly in this post.

Smith was an authority on 17th century divines. He was known for his aphorisms and epigrams, and his Trivia has been highly rated. He was a literary perfectionist and could take days refining his sentences. With Words and Idioms he became a recognised authority on the correct use of English. He is now probably most remembered for his autobiography Unforgotten Years (1938). He was much influenced by Walter Pater. He was a devotee of Jane Austen's fiction and referred to himself as a "Mansfield Parker." As well as his employees listed, his followers included Desmond MacCarthy, John Russell, R. C. Trevelyan, and Hugh Trevor-Roper. He was, in part, the basis for the character of Nick Greene (Sir Nicholas Greene) in Virginia Woolf's Orlando.

Personal life
He settled in England after Oxford with occasional forays to continental Europe and became a British subject in 1913. He divided his time between Chelsea, where he was a close friend of Desmond MacCarthy and Rose Macaulay, and a Tudor farmhouse at Warsash near the Solent, called Big Chilling.

Gathorne-Hardy described Smith as "a largish man with a stoop that disguised his height". Kenneth Clark further wrote "His tall frame, hunched up, with head thrust forward like a bird, was balanced unsteadily on vestigial legs".

Politically he was a socialist, having been converted by Graham Wallas, a founder of the Fabian Society.

His portrait, made in 1932 by Ethel Sands, is at the National Portrait Gallery, London.

Works

 * 1895. The Youth of Parnassus, and other stories
 * 1902. Trivia
 * 1907. The Life and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton. Biography
 * 1909. Songs and Sonnets
 * 1912. The English Language
 * 1919. A Treasury of English Prose
 * 1920. Little Essays Drawn From The Writings Of George Santayana
 * 1920 (ed.). Donne's Sermons: Selected Passages with an Essay
 * 1920. Stories from the Old Testament retold. Hogarth Press
 * 1921. More Trivia
 * 1923. English Idioms
 * 1925. Words and Idioms
 * 1927. The Prospects of Literature. Hogarth Press
 * 1930 (ed.) The Golden Grove: Selected Passages From The Sermons and Writings of Jeremy Taylor
 * 1931. Afterthoughts
 * 1933. All Trivia. Collection
 * 1933. Last Words
 * 1933. On Reading Shakespeare
 * 1936. Fine Writing
 * 1936. Reperusals & Recollections
 * 1938. Unforgotten Years
 * 1938. Death in Iceland. Privately printed in Reading with Iceland: A Poem by Robert Gathorne-Hardy.
 * 1940. Milton and His Modern Critics
 * 1943. A Treasury Of English Aphorisms
 * 1949 (ed.). A Religious Rebel: The Letters of "H.W.S." (Mrs. Pearsall Smith). Published in the USA as Philadelphia Quaker, The Letters of Hannah Whitall Smith
 * 1949. (ed.). The Golden Shakespeare
 * 1972. Four Words. Romantic, Originality, Creative, Genius
 * 1982. Saved from the Salvage. With a Memoir of the Author by Cyril Connolly
 * 1989. (Edward Burman, ed.) Logan Pearsall Smith. Anthology.

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Salalah

Salalah (صَلَالَة) is the capital and largest city of the southern Omani governorate of Dhofar. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 331,949.

Salalah is the third-largest city in the Sultanate of Oman, and the largest city in the Dhofar province. Salalah is the birthplace of former Omani Sultan Qaboos bin Said. Salalah attracts many tourists from other parts of Oman and from abroad during the monsoon/khareef season, from June to September. The climate of the region and the monsoon allow the city to grow some vegetables and fruits like coconut and bananas. There are many gardens within the city where these vegetables and fruits grow.

History
Salalah was the traditional capital of Dhofar, which reached the peak of prosperity in the 13th century thanks to the incense trade. Later it decayed, and in the 19th century it was absorbed by the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman.

Between 1932 and 1970, Salalah was the residence of Sultan Said bin Taimur. His son, Qaboos, who acceded to his father's throne in 1970, decided to move his capital to Muscat, the largest city in Oman, where he lived until he quietly left for treatment in Germany. Sultan Qaboos's absence was much regretted in Salalah, where his palace was always kept ready to receive him. His last visits were in 2006 to meet influential tribal and local leaders, and in 2010 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of his accession with a massive parade watched for several hours by an estimated 100,000 spectators. Despite the Sultan's generally benevolent government running Oman without national taxation, thanks to its vast mineral resources, and with all menial work done by Asian labourers, Salalah saw peaceful protests for a few months in 2011 in the domino effect of the Arab Spring. Some Omani protesters demanded the dismissal of current ministers, better job opportunities, salary increases, a solution to the increasing cost of living, or the establishment of Islamic banks.

City districts and suburbs

 * Al-Dahariz
 * Al-Haffa
 * Al-Qouf
 * Al-Mughsail
 * Al-Mutaaza
 * Al-Saada
 * Al-Wadi
 * Auqad
 * City Center
 * Eastern Salalah
 * Ittin
 * New Salalah
 * Western Salalah (also known as Al-Gharbia, and Al-Qantra)

Climate
The city has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), although summers are cooler than in more northern or inland parts of Oman. Salalah is very cloudy and foggy during the monsoon months of July and August, even though it receives relatively little rainfall. Khareef, خريف means "autumn" in Arabic, but it refers to monsoon when describing the region around Salalah. During this time, the brown landscape of Salalah and its surroundings are completely transformed to beautiful and lush green scenes. This provides picturesque scenes for photos.

Cyclone Mekunu, which originated over the Arabian Sea, became an extremely severe cyclone before hitting the Salalah city on 25 May 2018. 200 km/was the recorded windspeed, and the city of Salalah was pounded with over 617 mm of rainfall, which is almost 5 years of Oman's average rainfall.

Religion
The city, like many other in Arab states of the Arabian peninsula, has a relatively large expatriate community, mainly from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the Philippines.

The majority of the Omani population (98.9%) in Salalah is Muslim. Unlike Omanis on the eastern coast of Oman in and around Muscat, most of which are Ibadis, most Muslims in Salalah follow the Sunni sect of Islam. There is also a considerable population of Hindus, Christians, Buddhists, and Sikhs in the expatriate community.

Language
Arabic is the official language. The unofficial, unwritten non-Arabic language known as Shehri is the second most spoken language and the mother tongue of many in Salalah and its surrounding areas, with 25,000 estimated speakers as of 1993.

English is the official foreign language and the most spoken language of the expats. Malayalam is another popular language and together with Tamil, Telugu, along with Urdu, Hindi and Somali are widely spoken language among expatriates.

Economy
APM Terminals, part of the A. P. Moller-Maersk Group of Denmark, manages the Port of Salalah; one of the largest ports on the Arabian Peninsula which is an important transshipment hub for container shipping in the area. The Port of Salalah is also one of the most vital ports on the peninsula connecting together Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. But the port is outside the city, to the south. It is also the largest private employer in the Dhofar region. The Salalah Free Zone, situated right beside the port, is emerging as a new center for heavy industries in the Middle East.

Tourist attractions
Salalah has an international tourist economy with many Middle Eastern tourists during the Khareef season from June to September. In this season the mountains turn green, and there are many waterfalls to visit, such as at Wadi Darbat, Ain Athum, Ain Tubrook, and Ain Khor. There are four reputed tombs of Islamic prophets: Nabi Imran, possibly the Virgin Mary's father but more likely a local prophet; Nabi Ayoob, the biblical Job; Nabi Houd; and Nabi Salih. The city received more than 600,000 tourists during the khareef season in 2017. Amongst the Dhofar Governorate's cultural attractions is the Salalah carnival, which includes the usual rides, family activities, concerts, cultural events and vendors.

One of Joachim's or Al Imran's believed graves is in Salalah; which is claimed to be the "longest grave in the world" (12 metres).

Sports
Salalah is known as the home of some of the best football clubs in Oman. In total, Salalah has four sport clubs based in the city: Salalah Club, Al-Ittihad, Al-Nasr, and Dhofar (the most successful club in the League with 11 trophies).

Dhofar F.C. have been nicknamed as "Al-Zaeem", or "The Leader(s)", due to their enormous success in both the Omani League, and in the Sultan Qaboos Cup. Dhofar have also have an adequate number of trophies in sports like volleyball, and handball. Al-Nasr have also been known for their great success in football, winning the Omani League five times, and the Sultan Qaboos Cup 4 times. Al-Nasr, like Dhofar, have also been successful in other sports such as hockey, basketball, volleyball, and handball.

Salalah currently has two stadiums, the Salalah Sports Complex (also known as the "Youth Sports Complex"), which is the only multi-purpose stadium in Salalah. The newer, Al-Saadah Stadium is the newly built stadium in Al-Saada district of Salalah devoted to football. Incorporated in the walls of the sports complex apart from the football stadium is a hockey field, tennis court, Olympic swimming pool, and indoor volleyball/basketball court. Al-Saada Stadium is the venue where Saudi national football team, and the Omani national team first met in Salalah on August 12, 2009.

The most popular sport played among the youth is by far football. It is very normal to see a group of boys and young men from around the area playing in makeshift fields in parking lots, or in a large open area. Beach football is also a common sight to see along the beach in the Al-Haffa district. Another popular sport in Salalah is volleyball. Although not as popular as football the game is frequently played, special in the beach of Salalah.

Education
Currently Salalah has two colleges, the Salalah College of Technology and Salalah College of Applied Science, both of which are government owned and sponsored.

The Salalah College of Applied Sciences incorporates an English Department. Its aim is to offer students a solid grasp of the English language so that they may go on to complete further studies in important sectors such as I.T. and Communication and Design.

Salalah is also home to a private university, Dhofar University which is one of the largest in the region. It has significant shares owned by Mustahil Al-Mashani, uncle of Sultan Qaboos bin Said. Recently the university has constructed a new campus worth 25 million OR. British School Salalah was founded in 1970. The school follows the National Curriculum of England and Wales, and offers schooling to children from Reception to Year 10 (Year 11 from August 2021). It is also situated in Dahariz next to the Indian School and Pakistani School.

The Indian School Salalah, established in 1981, is an Indian-run, self-financing, co-educational institution, primarily established to meet the academic needs of children of Indian expatriates working in Salalah. The Indian School Salalah is the largest English-medium school in Salalah and it also admits children of other nationalities. The school is located in the North Dahariz area, of Salalah town. Pakistan School Salalah is a Pakistani co-educational high school which was established in the year 1982. The school is situated adjacent to the Indian School in Salalah Dahariz north.

Air transport
Salalah International Airport mainly caters to domestic flights from Muscat and some International flights from India and regional Arab countries such as Qatar, U.A.E, and Saudi Arabia. Oman Air, the national airline operates five flights daily from Salalah to Muscat, the capital city and also two flights to Dubai weekly. Oman Air introduced Oman Air Pass for regular travelers between Salalah and Muscat. Qatar Airways has daily flights from Salalah to Doha connecting to over 130 destinations worldwide. Very convenient connections are available to destinations in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Australia. There is also a direct weekly flight from and to Kochi, Kozhikode (Calicut), and Thiruvananthapuram operated by Air India Express for the Malayalee expatriates. During the Khareef Season (Monsoons) there are weekly flights to other international destinations including Sweden and Turkey. There are also transit flights to almost all countries. The new International airport opened on 15 June 2015 and the old Airport has since then been converted into a Domestic and emergency Airport.

Bus
There is a daily bus service from Deira, Dubai, UAE to Salalah at 3pm. There is daily bus service between Muscat and Salalah from many bus service providers.

Public transport
Salalah did not have a public transportation system within the city limits until 2018, but in 2019 Sultan Qaboos announced a bus service within the city from Salalah airport to city center and city center to Salalah port.

Oman National Transport Company (Mwasalat) has started daily public bus service in Salalah from December 2018.

Long-distance air-conditioned buses are operated daily from Salalah to Haima, Muscat, Nizwa, Al-Buraimi, Dubai, Al-Ain, Al-Ghaydah, Mukalla, and Seiyun, as well as PDO locations such as Marmul.

Other forms of public transport popular in Salalah are taxis. Generally fares vary from half a Rial to 2 Rials depending on the distance to destination. Taxis are color-coded orange and white and provide semi-personal transportation in the form of both individual hire and the same opportunistic roadway service as Baisa buses, which are not as popular in the city.

Minibuses, colour-coded orange and white, are unmetered like taxis, after several government initiatives to introduce meters were rejected. The fare is set by way of negotiation, although drivers usually adhere to certain unwritten rules for fares within the city. One should always find out the normally accepted fare for one's journey from one's hotel or host before looking for a taxi.

Water transport
The Port of Salalah is one of the deepwater ports in Oman and also eleventh-busiest transshipment port in the world, second-busiest port in the Middle East, which is located at Port Raysut (Salalah). It can accommodate large vessels up to 18m draft. It is the main container tran-shipment terminal of the region. This port is operated and managed by Salalah Port Services Company (S.A.O.G.). The port also welcomes cruise liners and luxury ships.

Media
The English-language radio stations are Hi FM and Merge, which are the only English-language stations in Oman. There are also a number of Arabic radio channels. In Salalah almost all TV channels are available.

title: Salalah


text:
There but for Fortune (album)

There but for Fortune was a 1989 compilation that summed up the three albums that Phil Ochs recorded for Elektra Records between 1964 and 1966. The album drew heavily from the third, presenting ten of its eleven tracks, and presenting six and five respectively from the first and second.

The compact disc edition omits three tracks, two from the first album and one from the second. Both editions lop off a few introductions on the "In Concert" album.

A cover version of "There But For Fortune" by Joan Baez became a top-ten hit in the UK in 1965. Somewhat irritated by her greater success with the song, Ochs sometimes introduced it as "by Joan Baez" in his live performances.

Track listing
All the songs are by Phil Ochs unless otherwise noted.
 * 1) "What's That I Hear?" – 2:01
 * 2) "One More Parade" (Phil Ochs and Bob Gibson) – 3:18
 * 3) "Too Many Martyrs" – 2:48
 * 4) "The Bells" (Edgar Allan Poe with musical interpretation by Phil Ochs) – 3:00 +
 * 5) "Bound for Glory" – 3:15 +
 * 6) "The Power and the Glory" – 2:16
 * 7) "I Ain't Marchin' Anymore" – 2:34
 * 8) "Draft Dodger Rag" – 2:10
 * 9) "In the Heat of the Summer" – 3:01 +
 * 10) "The Highwayman" (Alfred Noyes with musical interpretation by Phil Ochs) – 5:39
 * 11) "Here's to the State of Mississippi" – 5:53
 * 12) "There But for Fortune" – 2:45
 * 13) "I'm Going to Say It Now" – 2:54
 * 14) "Is There Anybody Here" – 3:28
 * 15) "Cops of the World" – 5:04
 * 16) "Ringing of Revolution" – 7:13
 * 17) "Santo Domingo" – 5:59
 * 18) "Bracero" – 4:10
 * 19) "Love Me, I'm a Liberal" – 4:35
 * 20) "Changes" – 4:40
 * 21) "When I'm Gone" – 4:13

+=omitted from the CD edition.

Personnel

 * Phil Ochs - guitar, vocals
 * Danny Kalb - guitar (1-6 only)
 * Jac Holzman - producer
 * Paul A. Rothchild - recording supervisor (1-11 only)
 * Mark Abramson - producer (12-21 only)

Source listing

 * Tracks 1-6 from All the News That's Fit to Sing (1964)
 * Tracks 7-11 from I Ain't Marching Anymore (1965)
 * Tracks 12-21 from Phil Ochs in Concert (1966)

title: There but for Fortune (album)


text:
Juvigny

Juvigny may refer to the following places in France:

 * Juvigny, Aisne, in the Aisne département
 * Juvigny, Marne, in the Marne département
 * Juvigny, Haute-Savoie, in the Haute-Savoie département
 * Juvigny-en-Perthois, in the Meuse département
 * Juvigny-le-Tertre, in the Manche département
 * Juvigny-sous-Andaine, in the Orne département
 * Juvigny-sur-Loison, in the Meuse département
 * Juvigny-sur-Orne, in the Orne département
 * Juvigny-sur-Seulles, in the Calvados département

title: Juvigny


text:
User:MINDBOMB/Old

Most of what, hell all of what I have tried to contribute has been removed including the link to my web page http://fruitofislam.com I believe this has been done by people with very little true understanding of the nature of islam its roots and its future. Personal attacks have been made against me by people who don't know me none of this surprises me. After 9/11 I found a thirst to find out about islam after visiting websites to learn about islam many sites where changed or removed altogether the old pages of some of the site can be found on my site or on the way back machine internet archive. I had always believe that the God of Christianity Judaism and islam was the same God. I now know this is not true.The gospel of islam and Christ are as opposite as possible. islam is a Scam created to acquire money sex and power nothing more it was contrived by man and co-opted by Satan. I had hope for so much more when I learned this I was devastated. heartbroken for the billions who had and will lose their only possession to such a worthless scam. Many can be saved from the dreadful inevitability that comes from following a false prophet all they need to do is learn what it says in the quran and the haddith realize it is 80%incomprehensible gobbledygook.the rest is lies threats plagiarized and twisted bible stories

Islam is not a religion of peace it is a spiteful revenge scheme concocted by muhahamods money grubbing wife built on polytheistic practices of the time.

I plead with every muslim to learn all they can about where islam came from. Stop the hate. Stop the ignorance.

m.bomb@verizon.net

Muhammad’s Terrorist Dogma Islam, in His Own Words

Terror: Bukhari Allah’s Apostle said, “I have been made victorious with terror!” Qur’an I shall terrorize the infidels. So wound their bodies and incapacitate them. Tabari The battle cry was: “Kill! Kill! Kill!” Fighting: Bukhari Fighting in Allah’s Cause is better than the world and whatever is in it. Qur’an Wipe the infidels out to the last. War: Qur’an Fight and kill the disbelievers wherever you find them. Take them captive, harass them, and ambush them using every stratagem of war. Qur’an Fight them till all opposition ends and the only religion is Islam. Ishaq We are pledging ourselves to wage war against all mankind. Murder: Tabari Killing disbelievers is a small matter to us. Bukhari The Prophet had their men killed, their women and children taken as captives. Ishaq The prophet declared, “Kill every Jew.” Torture: Qur’an Crucify them or cut off a hand and foot on opposite sides. Ishaq Muhammad ordered, “Torture him until you root out what he has.” Thievery: Qur’an Booty is lawful and good. Tabari Muhammad began seizing their herds and property bit by bit. Stupidity: Bukhari The Prophet said, “I have been caused by Allah to forget the Qur’an. So keep reciting it because the Qur’an escapes faster than a runaway camel.” Bukhari Satan circulates in human beings as blood flows in our bodies. Science: Bukhari If a man has sexual intercourse and gets discharge first, the child will resemble him. Tabari Gabriel brings the sun a garment of luminosity. It is longer in the summer. The sun puts it on as you put on your clothes. Tabari The sun tumbles from its chariot, causing a total eclipse. Tolerance: Bukhari If a Muslim discards his religion, kill him. Qur’an Prepare against the infidels whatever arms and weaponry you can muster so that you can terrorize them. Freedom: Qur’an No Muslim has any choice after Allah and his Apostle have decided a matter. Racism: Ishaq The Prophet said, “If a black man comes to you, his heart more gross than a donkey’s.” Women: Tabari The Prophet married Aisha. At the time, she was six. Qur’an You may take whomever you desire. Bukhari I was shown hell, and the majority of its dwellers were women. Money: Tabari What is this religion? Muhammad claims Allah has sent him with this religion so that the treasures of Persia and Rome will be given to him by conquest. Demons: Bukhari A person missed the morning prayer, so the Prophet said, “Satan urinated in his ears.” Ishaq Muhammad said, “Woe is me. I am possessed.” Deception: Qur’an Allah has sanctioned the dissolution of your vows. Qur’an Allah is not bound by treaties. Bukhari War is deceit. Qur’an You have in the Messenger a beautiful pattern of conduct to follow.

The above can be read in its entirety @ http://www.prophetofdoom.net/ Craig Winn has forensically exposed the "holy writing" of islam it is available online free of charge and must be read by every muslim so they know what it is they believe. It is a complete autopsy taking virtually every sentence from all of the five most accurate and excepted translations (of the quran & haddith) in chronological order. Muhammad and islam are destroyed be they very words that make up the religion.

title: User:MINDBOMB/Old


text:
Talk:Socialization

Comments (april 2012)
After reading the article, these are my impressions: 1- The second paragraph (first sentence) is filled with technical jargon. I don't know what it's saying. It's unclear how the last sentence of that paragraph relates. 2- The second paragraph of "theories" hints at a story... something about a transalation of Simmel's work. Could you elaborate on that? It sounds interesting. 3- Do you feel that Piaget belongs in this list? Jesserjames (talk) 02:04, 10 April 2012 (UTC)

Socialization starts from the cradle and ends at grave
The article says socialization can refer to nationalization in political science. This is not entirely true. As an example, I can take Emma Goldman who writes in There is no communism in Russia (1935): "When a certain thing does not belong to an individual or group, it is either nationalized or socialized. If it is nationalized, it belongs to the state; that is, the government has control of it and may dispose of it according to its wishes and views. But when a thing is socialized, every individual has free access to it and use it without interference from anyone.

In Russia there is no socialization either of land or of production and distribution. Everything is nationalized; it belongs to the government, exactly as does the post-office in America or the railroad in Germany and other European countries. There is nothing of Communism about it."

Please comment on this. Kricke 19:27, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * In accordance with the differences outlined by Emma Goldman in the given quote, Canada's public health system would be considered "nationalized"; yet, in current times, it is commonly referred to as being "socialized".  I'm sure you can find countless references to this in the media.  It would perhaps be best to look in an encyclopedic work (rather than an argumentative one) for an accurate description of the two terms, as well as their differences. Skamza 06:34, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Furthermore, the American Heritage Dictionary defines "nationalize" as "1. To convert from private to governmental ownership and control", while the word "socialize" is defined almost identically: "1. To place under government or group ownership or control." Skamza 06:40, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I think there is a big difference in your example from the Dictionary. To say that the terms are synonyms is in my opinion POV. To some people they may be synonyms, to other people, like Emma Goldman and, for example, most other anarchists, there is a big difference. Both uses should be mentioned to be NPOV, in my opinion. Kricke 14:24, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

article of concern
would people who watch this page please review the article, Early infanticidal childrearing, which makes many claims about anthropology and about non-Western societies? I was once involved in a flame-war with another editor, and it would be inappropriate for me to do a speedy delete or nominate the page for deletion. More important, I think others need to comment on it. I engaged in a detailed exchange recently with one other editor here, on the talk page; you may wish to review the discussion but it is getting involuted and I ask that you comment separately. Thanks, Slrubenstein  |  Talk 12:32, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

Socialisation of animals
This section has been moved to its own article, as this article refers to socialisation in the proper social scientific sense of the word, and forms a crucial part of the sociology project. "Animal socialisation" is an appropriation of the term, when what's really meant is something more akin to animal training or Pavlovian conditioning.--Tomsega (talk) 23:59, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

Gender socialization and gender roles
This section needs to be more balanced. In particular, it is my impression that the scientific consensus (outside of politically and feministically influenced circles) is that gender roles are largely inborn, with socialization only governing details. 94.220.254.157 (talk) 00:53, 28 February 2010 (UTC)
 * No, this is not the case--biology does not even deal with the concept of "innateness" any more because it is impossible to define precisely or verify empirically. Plus roles cannot be inborn by definition, even if the propensity towards assuming one of the roles was. DarwinPeacock (talk) 04:25, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

This article is quite turstworthy, quite biased, somewhat complete, somewhat well-written,and quite accurate. There is no information on the modern usage of socialization and how it works today. Agampa (talk) 16:11, 5 February 2012 (UTC)agampa

Developmental Socialization
I deleted the subsection in Theories titled Developmental Socialization because there was no reference with the one sentence explanation, I could not find any information bbb supporting this theory of Socialization, and because this describes socialization in general rather than a specific theory. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Amyekankiewicz (talk • contribs) 19:00, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

Unprofessional writing
Section 5, itself very short and needy of additions, altogether sounds unprofessional and not in fitting with WP standards. 95.14.204.154 (talk) 23:45, 30 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Whoever has access to the source, please add a line about the result of the study!  Lova Falk     talk   10:34, 31 October 2012 (UTC)

Sofalizing as a redirect here
User Toddst1 has just made a blank and redirect of article sofalizing to point here. That article has content in its history page that people might want to look at. Diego (talk) 13:43, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

Legal socialization
Some time in future I want to work on Legal socialization which is defined as under. I will appreciate comments on how much Legal socialization topic will get related to present Socialization article. or we will need to work for an independent article for Legal socialization.

Legal socialization is the process through which individuals acquire attitudes and beliefs about the law, legal authorities, and legal institutions. This occurs through individuals' interactions, both personal and vicarious, with police, courts, and other legal actors. To date, most of what is known about legal socialization comes from studies of individual differences among adults in their perceived legitimacy of law and legal institutions, and in their cynicism about the law and its underlying norms.2 adults' attitudes about the legitimacy of law are directly tied to individuals' compliance with the law and cooperation with legal authorities Refs:

Mahitgar (talk) 05:06, 29 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Hi Mahitgar. My feeling at this stage is that legal socialization should only ever receive very minimal coverage in the socialization article. The reason being that socialization is a topic that central to a wide range of fields (e.g. psychology, sociology, anthropology) with implications in innumerable practical areas (e.g. organizations, gender, education, culture, the military, clubs and associations, violence, criminal gangs, terrorism). As such, I do not think it is practical to begin covering each area to which socialization is relevant in this article. To do so would leave us with thousands upon thousands of words on the various areas of application, distracting from the content dealing more directly with the process of socialization itself. Your suggestion of a separate article for the topic would be my pick. Does that resonate with you? And, of course, what do other editors think? Cheers Andrew (talk) 01:07, 2 December 2014 (UTC)

Thanks for your response. My primary assessment was similar to yours but I felt second opinion will help in this regard. Thanks and seasons greetings.

Mahitgar (talk) 04:21, 2 December 2014 (UTC)

Proposing inclusion of "Legal socialisation"
Presently article's Social institutions section' fifth bullet point refers to "Legal Systems". I feel instead inclusion of Legal socialisation will give better justice to legal aspect. So please do suggest a way of an inclusion of  Legal socialisation concept in the article. Thanks Rgds

Mahitgar (talk) 04:26, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

Lead sentence overburdened by list1, list2, list3, and list4
Socialization is a term used by sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, political scientists, and educationalists to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating [breathe here] norms, customs, values and ideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within their own society.

Eventually the FOG index catches up to you on length alone.

Socialization is a term used by social scientists to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs, values and ideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within their own society.

Have we really lost anything that couldn't be footnoted further down in the lead?

Also, "necessary for participating within their own society" is some weird, impossible combination of euphemistic and tautological and false—an idiom beloved and perfected by high school textbooks everywhere—that seems a good half an idea short of such a long word bus.

Closer to the truth would be "necessary to engage a complex social environment in a sophisticated way".

Because extreme-spectrum autists still "participate". It's not the participation that conditional, its the sophistication of the participation that's conditional.

In fact, 100% of the text not contained within the lists is basically cliche. It's a white bread sandwich packed with so many nutritious ingredients it won't fit in your mouth. — MaxEnt 15:39, 28 December 2016 (UTC)

Discussion and 'vote'
I propose that Indoctrination be merged into Socialization. The word "indoctrination" as it is modernly used (and as used in its current article) is a perjorative expression for some types of socialization. This has made it difficult for editors to come up with a quality, and NPOV article. I think it would be better to merge it with this high-quality article. Redddogg (talk) 18:37, 16 April 2017 (UTC)

 * Oppose The two are very different topics.-- ☾Loriendrew☽  ☏(ring-ring)  23:51, 17 April 2017 (UTC)
 * What is closer in meaning to indoctrination? Or what is it called when someone is indoctrinated into something the speaker approves of?  Education?  Training?  Good influence?  I think that article would be much improved with a NPOV title.Redddogg (talk) 18:53, 19 April 2017 (UTC)

 * Support per WP:POVFORK, as Indoctrination in its current state could well be titled "A very negative perspective on intentional socialization". Indoctrination is just socialization + teaching with negative connotations associated with brainwashing, which is pseudoscience. There's no topic here, and no good sources cited which focus on indoctrination itself as a topic. A quick Google Scholar search showed only instances using the word for negative effect rather than technical precision. This should be a dab. Daask (talk) 12:30, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Oppose Indoctrination is a process that is intentional, but socialization is a more general and not necessarily intentional process. Jonpatterns (talk) 16:57, 8 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Oppose I originally supported the merge as it seemed like indoctrination didn't have enough coverage to be an article, but after some more Googling I found a book and a master's thesis  which seem like enough material for an article. And of course it could also be expanded with discussion of various historical examples of indoctrination or modern indoctrination controversies. --Mathnerd314159 (talk) 20:07, 4 September 2018 (UTC)

Further discussion (originally on indoctrination talk page)
I'm sure WP has lots of articles on education, socialization, etc. "Indoctrination" seems to be when someone is educated or socialized in something we don't like. Nobody says we are indoctrinated to wash our hands, brush our teeth, look both ways before crossing the street, etc. Redddogg (talk) 21:51, 15 April 2017 (UTC)
 * One possibility would be redirect to or merge with Socialization.Redddogg (talk) 21:55, 15 April 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm happy with redirecting to Socialization. Indoctrination is less common and more recent, from . And they're used almost interchangeably, e.g. in the reporter talks about "indoctrination" but the study only discusses "socialization". Looking at WP:NPOVNAME it seems fine to classify "indoctrination" as a colloquialism.
 * In terms of the merge, I guess putting a few sentences in the lead would be OK, or it could be its own section. --Mathnerd314159 (talk) 06:46, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Also, what is good indoctrination called? Education?  Training?  Good influence? Redddogg (talk) 18:54, 19 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Integration? Persuasion? Socialization itself has a mildly positive connotation. --Mathnerd314159 (talk) 06:46, 21 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Sockpuppet blocked, nothing to see here.-- ☾Loriendrew☽  ☏(ring-ring)  23:35, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

Mediums list socialization
How 58.145.184.250 (talk) 13:22, 10 October 2022 (UTC)

Wikipedia Ambassador Program course assignment
This article is the subject of an educational assignment at Carnegie Mellon supported by Wikipedia and the Wikipedia Ambassador Program during the 2012 Spring term. Further details are available on the course page.

The above message was substituted from by PrimeBOT (talk) on 15:55, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

Dialectic of Socialization
I was dismayed to find no mention that socialization is dialectical, and not the uni-directional absorption into a social group or organization. Few sociologists discuss this, which is part of the problem, and neglect to mention how social institutions change when new generations are socialized. 50.4.132.185 (talk) 01:56, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Socialization


text:
Talk:Difference between hard goods, soft goods, and dry goods

This page was voted on for deletion at Votes for deletion/Difference between hard goods, soft goods, and dry goods. There was no consensus. dbenbenn | talk 23:56, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Riki Michele

Riki Michele (born Michele Bunch, currently Michele Palmer) is a female Christian alternative rock artist. Best known as one of the vocalists for Adam Again, she has also recorded four eclectic solo albums.

A reviewer for Knight Ridder describer her as a "funky diva... a diva in the "female artist who knows what the heck she's doing" sense."

She was married to Gene Eugene, and though they divorced in 1994 she continued to record with him until his death in 2000.

With Adam Again

 * In a New World of Time (1986)
 * Ten Songs by Adam Again (1988)
 * Homeboys (1990)
 * Dig (1992)
 * Perfecta (1995)
 * Worldwide Favourites (1999)
 * A Tribute to Gene Eugene (2000)
 * Adam Again Tribute Boxed Set (2001)

Solo

 * Big Big Town (1989 – Broken Records)
 * One Moment Please (1993 – WAL)
 * Surround Me (2002 – independent)
 * Come Let Us Adore Him: A Parable Christmas (2003 – Parable Christian Stores)
 * Push (2015 – independent)

Compilations

 * Liberation Sessions #1 (2000 – independent) A collection of 13 tracks from Michele's first two albums with some unreleased live and alternative mixes of songs from her third album.
 * Making God Smile: An Artists' Tribute to the Songs of Beach Boy Brian Wilson – "Don't Talk (Put Your Head on My Shoulder)" (2002)
 * Suffer the Children (2002 – compilation memorial with Theo Obrastoff)

title: Riki Michele


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Caroline Caddy

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 14:45, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

Caroline Caddy
This individual picks up 96 unique hits on google (see page 10). Does this stub regarding a poet who won the "1990 Western Australian Week Literary Award for poetry" establish enough notability for inclusion? In this case, what is the criteria for notability amongst poets? GRider\talk 23:57, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * keep minor, but still award-winning poet. (don't forget the 1991 and 1992 National Book Council awards) why delete?  this doesn't appear to be a vanity or self-promotional article.  i think it's great that wikipedia is comprehensive enough to cover lesser-known poets. Wolfman 01:41, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and expand. Megan1967 02:05, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Some of these "about 140" (when I cliched the search) seem fairly reputable. I know with my additions to Wikipedia, a lot of information and people have been pretty much nonexistant on the web but I've been able to find about them in books. The internet (and therefore google) currently seem to fall short in a few notable areas that a standard library could easily find. An Australian library may have more information on this person.  While I have no way to knowing that much for sure, the google links suggest that she is at least as notable as our lower threshold of articles. (Even if there aren't fanpages about her,etc.) --Sketchee 02:26, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. According to a database search, a few of her poems appeared in Poetry, the leading journal of its type in English. That added to the info in the article is enough for me. Gamaliel 07:49, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable Australian, repeatedly aclaimed both in Australia and overseas. Another example of why Google may be useful in establishing that something is notable but is nearly useless for proving something isn't. Andrewa 09:45, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Nationally recognised Australian poet who has written a number of poetry books. Capitalistroadster 11:25, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The World Is A Very Big Place - David Gerard 23:53, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Ripper

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 09:46, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The Ripper
Non-existant high school radio program (scheduled to premiere on February 18). RickK 23:58, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

We had a pretty good audience for a debut. We didn't really promote it. Fine. Delete it. What's the big deal? It's an actual station. This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * This is not a high school radio program anymore. It's still there, just under the wing of Ryan and Keith. You obviously can't read. And it's already premiered, moron. No on deletion. IT CLEARLY SAYS: the next "Nickell and Howard Show" to air IN THE WAKE OF THE DEATH OF DOGHOUSE RADIO will premiere on February 18th, 2005. Of course it's not existant, he cancelled it. It's now called THE RIPPER, and IS NOT a high school program anymore. READ THE LINES!!!
 * The above by LoyalMDOFan, creator and sole editor of the article. —Korath (Talk) 01:00, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and allow for organic deletion. GRider\talk 00:42, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; vanity, non-notable. And that would be organic decomposition, no?  —Korath (Talk) 01:00, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity. Consider blocking user for that above rant.  Oh, and take it from someone who works in radio:  An audience of five hundred people is pretty thin. - Lucky 6.9 01:07, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Deletre. "The Ripper will only continue to grow, and, in time, everyone will know its name." Yeah, but it is not notable now. Maybe later. Zzyzx11 01:13, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, web radio vanity. Megan1967 02:08, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The above by User:LoyalMDOFan. That pretty well shows this is vanity.  RickK 05:18, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. POV first-hand account of some goings on surrounding the birth of a not (perhaps not yet but still not) notable internet project. No useful content, no evidence it's encyclopedic or ever will be. Andrewa 08:34, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Jack the Ripper, no merge. --TenOfAllTrades | Talk 14:19, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Concur. Redirect. Radiant! 13:14, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Longhair 03:37, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)


text:
Khareef

Khareef (خَرِيْف, autumn) is a colloquial Arabic term used in Oman, southeastern Yemen, southwestern Saudi Arabia and Sudan for the southeastern monsoon. The monsoon affects Dhofar and Al Mahrah Governorates from about June to early September. During these middle months every year, sufficient cold upwelling develops in near-shore waters of the Arabian Sea to hold sea surface temperatures in the low to mid twenties Celsius, while high twenties prevail farther offshore. Warm humid air blowing onshore from the central Arabian Sea passes over that cooler water and is chilled until fog and precipitation condense. Towns such as Salalah depend upon the khareef for water supply. An annual Khareef festival is held in Salalah to celebrate the monsoon and attracts tourists.

The Khareef leads to a unique ecological habitat along the coast known as the Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert.

title: Khareef


text:
Commune of Rome

The Commune of Rome (Comune di Roma) was established in the summer of 1143 after a rebellion led by the people of Rome. A people's revolt was led due to the increasing powers of the Pope and the entrenched powers of the higher nobility. The goal of the rebellion was to organize the civil government of Rome in a similar fashion to that of the previous Roman Republic, including the reestablishment of the Senate. Giordano Pierleoni was elected "first Patrician of the Roman Commune" by the Senate in 1144 and served as the commune's leader, though he was deposed in 1145. Arnold of Brescia later became associated with the commune as early as 1145 and gave it much-needed intellectual leadership.

Papal relationship
In a pattern that was to become familiar in the communal struggles of Guelfs and Ghibellines, the commune declared allegiance to the more distant power, the Holy Roman Emperor, and initiated negotiations with newly elected Pope Lucius II. The commune wanted him to renounce temporal power and take up an office with the duties of a priest. Lucius gathered a force and assaulted Rome, but the republican defenders repulsed his army and Lucius died from injuries received from a stone that hit his head.

Lucius's successor, Pope Eugene III, could not be consecrated in the city due to the resistance. However, he eventually came to an agreement with the civil authority that had deposed Pierleoni, and returned to Rome on Christmas Day 1145. In March 1146 he again had to leave. He returned in 1148 and excommunicated Arnold of Brescia, a political theorist who had joined the commune and was its intellectual leader.

In 1149 the Senate invited Conrad III to Rome to be crowned Roman Emperor and restore the Roman Empire, in the tradition of Constantine and Justinian, and against the Pope's agenda. Similarly in 1152 a letter written by an unknown Wezel from Rome to the Frederick Barbarossa insisted that only the Senate had authority to crown the Emperor.

The Pope lived in Tusculum beginning in 1149 and was not installed as pope in Rome until 1152. The existence of the Republic was precarious. Eugene's successor, Adrian IV, convinced Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to lead an army against the city. Arnold was arrested, tried, convicted, and hanged in 1155. His body was burnt and the ashes cast into the Tiber.

In 1188, shortly after his accession, Pope Clement III succeeded in allaying the half-century-old conflict between the popes and the citizens of Rome with the Concord Pact. The Pact allowed citizens to elect magistrates with the power of war and peace. The Prefect was named by the Emperor and the Pope had sovereign rights over his territories.

From 1191 to 1193, under a radical reduction of the number of senators to a single one, the city was ruled by a Benedetto called Carus homo (carissimo) as summus senator, and Rome had the first municipal statute.

After this, the city was again under papal control, although the civil government was never again directly in the hands of the higher nobles or the papacy.

Battles

 * 1145 – Battle against Tivoli, Italy.
 * 1167 – Battle of Monte Porzio against Holy Roman Emperor, Tusculum and Albano Laziale.
 * 1170 – Destruction of Albano Laziale.
 * 1191 – Destruction of Tusculum.

title: Commune of Rome


text:
Talk:Darth Plagueis (novel)

Previous discussions without headers
How do we know that Darth Plagueis is mentioned in passing in the movie? His mention in Labyrinth of Evil checks out. Cornince 6:00 PM 17 Feb 2005 (CST) He is mentioned in the novel of Episode III, so that checks out too. Cornince 4:02 AM 11 Apr 2005 (CST)
 * Uh...Palpatine tells Anakin about Plagueis in the Opera house scene in the movie.--Kross 02:58, July 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Was your response really necessary? I posted that more than a month before the movie came out.  Cornince 13:32, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

Plagueine Speculation
Who is putting out all this speculation that Darth Plagueis was King Veruna? There seems to be no evidence in any of the stories that King Veruna was a Sith Lord, and the only hooks for this seem to be that King Veruna was king of Naboo and died what was ruled an accidental death (but of course which the reader knows is not). I would like for whoever is going around putting up King Veruna = Darth Plagueis to post some facts, because otherwise I think it should be removed, especially the part about Plagueis's homeword being possibly Naboo and him being possibly human. Cornince 02:50, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Do me a favour and please get some more info on Plagueis. I still know absolutely nothing about him other than he was rumoured to stop people from dying... Surely if you have the power to do this, you would atleast have some information on you somewhere...

- Ty

Plagueis sketch
Please tell me why my drawing should be deleted. If there is another concept sketch out there, or if Lucas made one already for novelization then I will be glad to delete it, but until then, I can add change and mimic any idea for the sole purpose of contribution. The character's image doesn't exist until now and until DP is brought into the expanded universe or other Star Wars media. There is a difference between speculatiive ideas and conceptual art.

user:marvelvsdc

 * No_original_research

 * Because an image doesn't already exist means that one cannot be posted on Wikipedia. Any depiction of Darth Plagueis needs to either come directly from an official source (from LucasFilm or one of their authorized authors/artists) or be based on an official source.  An encyclopedia, as you know, is supposed to be descriptive, not prescriptive. Cornince 17:28, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Plagueis: How to pronounce?
An IPA transcription would be helpful here. --Pipifax 22:26, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

I might be wrong, but I'm under the impression that the pronounciation is really just the word "plague" and then the word "is."

The Making of Anakin
Does anyone else agree that maybe Anakin was created by Palpatine's master? Do you'll think Plagueis is his master?

any ideas?

 * Given that Plagueis is dead... No. --Maru (talk) Contribs 18:24, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

then maybe Papaltine did only promblem that he says at the Mace Windu battle that the power of life is an old secret but together we eill find the secret so do you think that's possible

how do we know whe plagueis dies anyhow Papaltine is a liar so you never know
 * Because the apprentice cannot become the master until previous one is killed?--Kross | Talk 18:30, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

what if Plagueis was cloned?--Dr. Mahongany 19:04, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

so no one think this is a possibility

Here's the rundown I think some jedi or dark jedi like Plagueis made Anakin knowing he would come to the sith but it couldn't be Papaltine because in Episode three after Anakin and Papaltine kill Mace Windu Papaltine says" the power to create life is an old dark secret but together I'm sure we will find the secret" When did plagueis die?

so did Plagueis make anakin or what i feel there is some conspiracy something like that, i feel george lucas might be making another prequel to answer the questions i have and most likely many other people

who agrees--Dr. Mahongany 19:04, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

According to Vader: The Ultimate Guide and The New Essential Chronology, Anakin was a product of Plagueis's research. As Dark Lord: The Rise of Darth Vader revealed, Sidious never learned how to use the midi-chlorians to create life, so Plagueis must have initiated the process before his death. Jon Hart 21:52, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

does anyone know how plagueis actually died? --Dr. Mahongany 19:04, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Darth Plagueis was killed by his apprentice, Darth Sidious. It is also believed by many that Anakin was created by either a) Ajunta Pall, one of the first three Dark Jedi, b) Freedon Nadd, before Exar Kun dealt with his spirit, or c) that his father was a fallen but not dark jedi, living as a space miner.
 * The CowMan*

Sidious was already training Darth Maul when he killed his master Darth Plagueis....This was stated in some star wars book

Ultimately, I think it makes the most sense to say that Anakin was created by the sheer will of the Force, much like Christ was conceived by the Virgin Mary, via The Holy Spirit. The Force is the ultimate guiding "force" of the Star Wars universe. Anakin was part of the Force's ultimate "plan." And although he greatly strayed from this plan for his life, he still eventually fulfilled the purposes that the force had for him, bringing about balance by the destruction of the sith order. Doncroft 20:05, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

Plagueis Novel
I've added the extremely little information about the 2008 novel focusing on this Sith to the main article. JoJoTrue 02:40, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

Sidious' statement
Near the end of the article a quote from the movie appears, "To cheat death is a power only one has achieved. But if we work together, I know we can discover the secret." then the interpratation, "This states that he does not know how to do the things Darth Plagueis could." Can we be sure that this is what Sidious meant? It seems at least possible to me that Sidious had become aware of Qui-Gon Jinn's ability to retain his mind while merging with the Force, just as Yoda had discovered the Jedi's spirit.CennB 00:12, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Sith do have the ability to escape death to a certain degree if they emerse themselves deep enough into the dark side of the force. Palpatine was doing this; how do you think he has lived to such a ridiculously old age in Episode VI? I have further read that Palpatine planned to rule the galaxy for as long as he could, possibly 200 years! It's kind of like Gollum in LOTR. Gollum keeps on living unnaturally through dark powers that preserve his life but twist and warp him. It sounds a lot like the Emperor. Yoda said, "Death is a natural part of life." so using the force to escape death indefinitely is heinous, just like using life energy to destroy life (force lightning and such) is heinous. Basically we find that the dark side is anything that contradicts/goes against the Will of The Force. --Doncroft 20:11, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

That's all good information, but doesn't answer my question. Sidious said that only ONE had cheated death. The article assumes this to mean Plagueis, but of ALL the characters that we the audience know of at that point in the movies, the ONE character to "defy death" is Qui-Gon Jinn. I don't dispute that the Dark Side can extend life beyond natural limits, and that whoever indulges in that pays a physical price. My question is, who is Sidious talking about in that quote and how can we varify it?CennB 00:14, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Ambiguous?
Considering that Lucas left absolutely nothing to anyone's imagination in the last three films, is it likely he merely forgot to make a backstory for Anakin's creation?

GA Review: Quick-fail
According to the criteria of WP:WIAGA, I am quick-failing this article. It is completely devoid of references meaning that it breaches verifiability policies. This article even has citation needed tags indicating this requirement. This article is not close to GA standard at this time, and will require citations before it should be considered for renomination. Any questions, please place them on my talk page. --Fritzpoll 23:26, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Philosphy similarites
I glanced through Plagueis' article today, after watching the scene in Ep. III where Palpatine recounts Plagueis' fate to Anakin, and scrolled down to the section where his philosophies mentioned in Dark Lord: The Rise of Darth Vader are recounted:

Tell me what you regard as your greatest strength, so I will know best what to undermine you. Tell me of your greatest fear, so I will know what I must force you to face. Tell me what you cherish most, so I will know what to take from you. And tell me what you crave, so that I might deny you.

...and I remembered a similar statement I heard when watching Final Fantasy: Advent Children during the fight between Cloud Strife and the resurrected Sephiroth:

Tell me what you cherish most. Give me the pleasure of taking it away.

Considering how close this statement is to Plagueis' third statement, does anyone think it should be mentioned in the article?Allamorph (talk) 01:19, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

Plagueis - is father of Vader?
Plagueis - is biology father of Vader? 88.200.243.215 (talk) 14:10, 2 May 2008 (UTC)Sith

Redirection
So somebody (or several somebodies?) redirected this to the List of Star Wars characters... on which Darth Plagueis does not appear. Seems like either the character should be added there, or the redirection should be removed. 128.143.136.75 (talk) 15:20, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

Agreed, I don't know enough about this to do it. Anyone else? HalfBrian (talk) 01:50, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

 * WP:SOFIXIT: create an entre at List of Star Wars characters. --EEMIV (talk) 02:38, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Seems to me there is plenty information in here that cannot be added there, and I don't see why discard it. Should I assume you wanted an entry to be added before undoing the redirect? If not, why redirect? I'm considering doing this myself, but I'd like to know first if there was a reason behind this change. — IdNotFound 03:42, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I completely agree. I came to read about this character mentioned elsewhere on wikipedia only to find a redirect to a list with no mention of said character.  As stated above, "sofixit".  I undeleted the page.  Please do not remove the page unless you add some sort of summary.  If you edit the wiki with intentions to better it then why leave useless links and confused readers everywhere.Quickmythril (talk) 05:07, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Darth Plagueis (novel)


text:
Battle of Cuddalore

The Battle of Cuddalore refers to one of several conflicts near the south Indian town of Cuddalore:

 * Siege of Cuddalore (1746), an action during the First Carnatic War (part of the War of the Austrian Succession)
 * Battle of Cuddalore (1758), an indecisive naval battle during the Third Carnatic War (part of the Seven Years' War)
 * Siege of Cuddalore, a 1783 siege during the Second Anglo-Mysore War (part of the Anglo-French War of 1778–1783)
 * Battle of Cuddalore (1783), a naval battle that occurred during the siege

title: Battle of Cuddalore


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dorothy Tillman

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP. —Korath (Talk) 14:55, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

Dorothy Tillman
What is it about this 10-word neglected sub-stub that makes it noteworthy, or worthy of inclusion on Wikipedia? Does this have any potential for organic growth and expansion, or will it continue to stagnate? GRider\talk 00:01, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * keep good lord man, it's only 2 months old. If you'd like to expand it, have a look here.  Or check out the 1500 google hits. Wolfman 00:36, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable, just neglected. Someone will get around to it eventually. – flamurai (t) 01:54, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Another neglected stub. Zzyzx11 07:02, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, just under the bar of notability. Megan1967 08:53, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have expanded this substantially. She was active in the civil rights movement working with Martin Luther King in the SLSC marking at Selma and moving to Chicago to organise for King's efforts to improve housing and education in Chicago. As well as her work as an alderman, Tillman is a leader in the reparations movement. Capitalistroadster 09:09, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Good work Capitalistroadster. It would appear from the article that she's more notable than the average local politician. — Trilobite (Talk) 15:30, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Seems pretty good now. May have been a stub at one time, but its pretty lengthy now. — butt_monkey
 * Forged comment from 141.150.221.216 (talk • contribs). No such user butt_monkey (talk • contribs). – flamurai (t) 19:36, Feb 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - notability established. DS 21:07, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep with great thanks to Capitalistroadster. —RaD Man (talk) 02:46, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Ching Ling Foo

Ching Ling Foo was the stage name of the Chinese magician Chee Ling Qua (, 1854–1922). He is credited with being the first modern East Asian magician to achieve world fame.

Biography
Ching Ling Foo was born in Beijing on May 11, 1854, He studied traditional Chinese magic and was a well-respected performer in his homeland.

During a typical performance, he stunned the audience by breathing smoke and fire or producing ribbons and a 15 ft pole from his mouth. One of his sensational tricks had Chee using a sword to cut the head of a serving boy off at the shoulders. Then, to the amazement of the audience, the “beheaded” boy turns and exits the stage.

Another trick involved producing a huge bowl, full to the brim with water, from out of an empty cloth. He would then pull a small child from the bowl.

He brought his show to the 1898 Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in Omaha, Nebraska. When he brought his show to the United States in 1898, he began offering a $1,000 reward to anyone who could reproduce his water trick. (This was quite a large sum for the time, equivalent to about $33,050 in 2021.)

New York-born William Robinson, who worked occasionally as a magician, decided to try for the $1,000. Chee rebuffed him. Unable to claim the $1,000, Robinson developed a Chinese-style show of his own and recreated himself as Chung Ling Soo. Robinson, in the guise of Chung, traveled to Europe and a deep rivalry was begun between the two men.

A group of Chinese women with bound feet, including Chee's wife, accompanied the magician outside China and was shown as another attraction. Other members of Chee's family would also participate in his act. He would often conjure his daughter, Chee Toy, onto the stage while his son would perform acrobatics and juggling.

Ching Ling Foo died in Shanghai in 1922, aged 69 years.

Music
Irving Berlin included him in his lyrics for “From Here to Shanghai” (1917)

 * "I'll eat the way they do,
 * With a pair of wooden sticks,
 * And I'll have Ching Ling Foo,
 * Doing all his magic tricks."

Film
Christopher Nolan’s The Prestige—about two warring stage conjurers—depicts a Chinese magician working in London, who performs a trick with a water bowl similar to one of Foo's stunts.

title: Ching Ling Foo


text:
James Beck

Stanley James Carroll Beck (21 February 1929 – 6 August 1973) was an English television actor. He appeared in a number of programmes, but is best known for the role of Private Walker, a cockney spiv, in the BBC sitcom Dad's Army from the show's beginning in 1968 until his sudden death in 1973.

Early life
Beck was born on 21 February 1929 in Islington, North London, and attended Popham Road Primary School.

After attending Saint Martin's School of Art and doing his national service as a physical training instructor in the British Army, Beck became an actor.

Theatre
In 1949, Beck made his career acting debut in Little Lambs Eat Ivy at the Granville Theatre, Ramsgate. and followed in Peace Comes to Peckham and Miranda, at the same venue later that year. In 1954, he starred in A Murder Has Been Arranged at Bridgwater Town Hall, He joined 'Unicorn Players', and performed in seven different plays at the Palace Theatre, Paignton between 1955-1957. From 1958 to 1967, he was a regular performer in many different plays at York Theatre Royal.

Film and television
He concentrated on television and his early broadcast roles included Charlie Bell in an episode of Dr Finlay's Casebook (Series 1 episode 4, "Conduct Unbecoming", 1962), and was cast as a policeman in a 1965 episode of Coronation Street, in a storyline concerning the collapse of a house and in a 1967 episode in a storyline concerning a train crash. He also appeared, uncredited, as a policeman in Gideon's Way (1965), and was often seen in TV drama, with one-off roles in series such as The Troubleshooters (1965, 1967, 1970) and in 1968, with Peter Cushing in the episode "The Blue Carbuncle", the BBC's Sherlock Holmes.

In 1968, he was offered the role of Private Walker in Dad's Army, originally written by Jimmy Perry for himself. Perry approved of the casting of Beck: "He had the right mix of cheekiness and charm. He gave the role a bit of oomph."

Always in demand, he continued to work on TV programmes including A Family at War (1970) and Romany Jones (1972–73), in which he played the lead character of Bert Jones. He also recorded a pilot for an uncommissioned series called Bunclarke With an E (1973), which was to be based on scripts originally written for Hancock's Half Hour and in which Arthur Lowe was also to appear.

Death
By 1973, Beck had recorded five series of Dad's Army and had nearly finished working on the sixth, besides working on the radio series of the show. All of the location filming and studio recording for five of the planned seven episodes of Series Six had been completed when Beck suddenly fell ill while opening a school fête in aid of Guide Dogs for the Blind. He returned home and within an hour was taken to Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton suffering from pancreatitis. He died three weeks later, due to a combination of heart failure, renal failure and pancreatitis, aged 44.

The last time Beck's Dad's Army co-stars saw him alive was on Friday 13 July 1973 at the Playhouse Theatre in London where he recorded two radio episodes of Dad's Army (which ran alongside the TV series). The following afternoon Beck suddenly became ill.

His death was a great shock to his fellow cast members, as well as to Jimmy Perry and David Croft. Perry has said that heavy drinking was common in show business at the time, and that he paid little attention to Beck's habit until "I saw Jimmy’s legs and they were purple. It was the last episode he appeared in before he died".

In the episode, "The Recruit" (the series 6 finale), Mainwaring reads a note written by Walker apologising for his absence, as he has gone "up to the Smoke" (to London) to conduct one of his deals.

title: James Beck