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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Allie E. Brooks, Jr.

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 07:09, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Allie E. Brooks, Jr.
This was proposed for speedy deletion but does not meet the criteria. Well written, but this person may not be sufficiently notable for encyclopedic purposes. -- Curps 18:11, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete I disagree that it's particularly well written, it seems full of POV and weasel words "some [people] say..." and "a few [people] feel" etc. It's definitely not a speedy candidate, nor is it a hoax, since Mr. Brooks' retirement did get a few words in the local press.  I still don't think that being a long-runing and well-admired high school principal is quite enough to warrant an encyclopedia article though. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  18:31, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, school tribute. Wyss 18:49, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sorry, John McAllen has worked at the local snack bar for 32 years too, yet he doesn't deserve an article. Neither does Mr. Brooks. Phils 22:52, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gushing, weasel-worded bio and insufficiently notable subject.  That having been said, it's nice to think that a student would write something this heartfelt as opposed to the horrid vandalism that sometimes comes in regarding teachers and faculty. - Lucky 6.9 00:20, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wagiles 00:37, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 06:00, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this is what the deletion policy refers to as a Vanity page--Whysperseed 08:17, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)


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Horatio G. Brooks

Horatio G. Brooks (October 30, 1828 – April 20, 1887) worked as chief engineer for the New York and Erie Railroad (NY&E) until the railroad moved its steam locomotive maintenance facilities from Dunkirk, New York, to Buffalo. In 1869 he leased the former NY&E shops in Dunkirk and formed Brooks Locomotive Works. Brooks also served for three terms as mayor of Dunkirk. He was a leading figure in the business and social life of the area around Dunkirk, and western New York state.

Family and early life
Horatio Brooks was born on October 30, 1828, in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. His family moved to Dover, New Hampshire, in 1838.

He married Julia A. Haggett, of North Edgecomb, Maine, on March 6, 1851.

Career
In 1844, he began working as an apprentice machinist in the shop of Isaac and Seth Adams, his cousins. He started with the Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M) at their shops in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1846, and worked his way up to become a fireman in 1848 and an engineer in May 1849. His experience on the B&M led to his next position as an engineer for the New York and Erie Railroad in 1850; in this position he operated the first locomotive in Chautauqua County, New York, on November 28, 1850.

He moved west in 1856 at the request of his friend from the B&M, Charles Minot, who was superintendent of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, where Brooks became master mechanic of the line. The move was the result of a trainmen strike against the Erie, for which both Brooks and Minot were identified for dismissal; after the superintendent during the strike resigned, Minot was recalled to the Erie and he brought Brooks back with him. Brooks was appointed superintendent of the western division of Erie Railroad in October 1862, and superintendent of motive power in 1865.

When Jay Gould ordered that the railroad's shops at Dunkirk, New York, be closed with work consolidated to other locations on the line, Brooks leased the shops buildings and formed Brooks Locomotive Works in October and November 1869.

Death and legacy
Horatio Brooks died on April 20, 1887, survived by his wife and two daughters (a third daughter preceded him in death). He was buried in Forest Hill Cemetery, Fredonia, New York.

The Brooks Locomotive Works remained in the family for a while, with his sons-in-law Edward Nichols and Frederick H. Stevens both serving as president, Nichols from 1887 to 1892 and Stevens from 1896 to the merger that formed Alco in 1901. Stevens continued on with Alco, becoming chairman of the board of directors in 1905.

In 1898, the Stevens family donated the Horatio G. Brooks Dunkirk homestead to YMCA to become the organization's hospital and library; the donation was valued at $150,000. It became known as the Brooks Memorial Hospital. By 1944, the original building was slated to be razed.

Horatio Brooks's wife Julia died in 1896, leaving many shares of company stock and large amounts of cash to their descendants and family. She was buried beside her late husband in Forest Hill Cemetery.

Monuments to Horatio Brooks commemorating his work as president of Brooks Locomotive Works and his contributions to the community were proposed as early as 1903.

A locomotive that bore his name in honor was involved in a collision in 1923 when it ran out of control onto another line.

Brooks was remembered in celebration in 1923 by employees of the Brooks plant who had worked there for 25 or more years; he was hailed as "Dunkirk's first citizen."

Brooks was one of a few men nominated to be included in the Hall of Fame for New York State's exhibit at the 1939 World's Fair.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Horatio G. Brooks


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John 20:5

John 20:5 is the fifth verse of the twentieth chapter of the Gospel of John in the Bible. The Beloved Disciple and Peter have travelled to the tomb of Jesus to investigate Mary Magdalene's report that the body of Jesus had disappeared. In this verse the Beloved Disciple arrives at the tomb and while he looks in, he does not enter it.

Content
In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:
 * And he stooping down, and looking
 * in, saw the linen clothes
 * lying; yet went he not in.

The English Standard Version translates the passage as:
 * And stooping to look in,
 * he saw the linen cloths lying there,
 * but he did not go in.

For a collection of other versions see BibleHub John 20:5

Analysis
Barrett reports that the term that is translated as stooping/bending over is one that is most often used to refer to looking down from a height. This would imply that Jesus' tomb is a vertical shaft like grave. The rest of the passage verse indicates a tomb that is more like a cave. However, the word can also refer to any looking that requires the head to be bent. Tombs of this period generally had an entrance that was less than a meter high, which would thus require some contortion to peer in. The word that describes John looking at the grave clothes implies a more short glance rather than a detailed examination.

The main unanswered question about this passage is why the Beloved Disciple pauses outside the tomb. One theory is that he is deferring to Peter, as the junior disciple the Beloved Disciple pauses to allow Peter to be the first into the tomb. Another notion is that the Beloved Disciple paused because entering a tomb at this point would be a violation of ritual. Perhaps his concern was with respecting the burial place of his lord. Most scholars believe the first explanation is the most likely as the Beloved Disciple does enter the tomb soon after in John 20:8.

title: John 20:5


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Mollendo

Mollendo is a town on the Pacific Ocean in southern Perú. It is located in the Arequipa Region and is the capital of both the Islay Province and the Mollendo District. Mollendo was the main port on the Peruvian southern coast until Matarani was developed around the mid-20th century; the port of Mollendo serves fishermen for the local economy and all the commercial shipping is done through Matarani, 12 km to the north, as the old port is in ruins. From about 1830 to 1880 it was a key port in the guano trade.

A railroad used to run passenger trains daily, but a developed highway connects Mollendo to the Panamerican Highway, with the train now only running as a summer express from Arequipa, on Saturday, returning Sunday. The local beaches are the main attraction in the area, even though it is visited by the Humboldt Current that brings cold water from Antarctica. In the summer months, from December to April, the population more than doubles as people from the largest city in the region (Arequipa) use Mollendo and its beaches as a vacation spot, especially on weekends. Mollendo exports wool and has industries producing cement, textiles, canned fish, and cheese. The Auxiliary Ship BAP Mollendo (ATC-131) of the Peruvian Navy is named after the town.

The Inca era
About 1300, the legendary Inca Mayta Cápac, puts the regions of Arequipa and Moquegua under the control of the Inca empire. Sixty three years later, and according to Garcilaso de la Vega, the Inca Cápac Yupanqui, following traditional customs of the Inca Empire, selected four generals from his major staff and entrusted them the command of approximately twenty thousand soldiers (or Tuqui Titos) for the coast region conquest project.

Cápac Yupanqui's son, Sinchi Rocca, conquered all of Arequipa and Moquegua coast area. From this event and ahead, Tambo is a main protagonist into the region history, due their geographical position and serving as weapons and food supply depot. Inca Yáhuar Huácac, successor of Inca Cápac Yupanqui, established his supply depots and headquarters in this valley, to march into Atacama (north Chilean region) direction to expand the territory of the Inca Empire.

First inhabitants
After Tiahuanaco's culture decadency and during the Inca era, the Peruvian south coast was occupied by several tribes:
 * The "Tampus" stationed into today Tambo region.
 * The "Chullis" corresponding to Chule zone.
 * The "Changos" located between the Aranta and Islay zones.

The river basin formed by the Tambo river, probably conquest and occupied by external forces during several periods, generate a population with local and heterogeneous customs, leaving several vestiges about their civilization, suddenly attached to the remaining mixed etymology name from several languages such as Quechua, Cocachacra, Challascapi, etc. Another external influences were the Kauiqui and Puquina with characteristic suffixes such as ando, endo, indo. Some examples are: Cachendo, Mollendo, Huarindo, Catarindo, etc.

A large population was located along the valley and nearing hills, serving it from subterranean waters. Influence of the sea was decisive on the valley and coast inhabitants were the mama coccha (the sea creator) provide them with fish and sea fruits.

War of the Pacific
During the War of the Pacific Mollendo was invaded by Chilean forces under the command of Colonel Orozimbo Barbosa. The main aim of this force (transported by the Chilean Navy) was to wreak havoc on Southern Peru, so as to force the process of negotiations for peace between Peru and Chile. The invasion forces consisted of the 3rd Chilean Line Infantry Regiment, The Chilean Marines, One brigade of Chilean Sappers, and 30 Horse Cavalry. The defenses of Mollendo consisted of two small forts with no cannon ( which were days earlier transported to Arequipa) defended by 100 soldiers. The first to disembark were the Chilean Marines, who took the town without a struggle. The rest (Main Body) of the expedition landed on or near Islay, without opposition. On March 9, 1880, the Main Body of the expedition entered Mollendo. Colonel Barbosa with 500 soldiers left Mollendo towards Mejia in search of the defenders, leaving the 3rd Chilean Line Infantry in charge of the town, looting of homes quickly began. Colonel Barbosa arrived in Mejia, destroying the locomotives and railtracks to prevent reinforcements arriving from Arequipa via rail. Colonel Barbosa surprised the defenders at Ensenada, taking 20 prisoners. Upon his return to Mollendo, he learned of the sacking of the town, punishing some members of his command. This resulted in some desertions.

Airport
The town of Mollendo is serviced by the small civilian Mollendo Airport ICAO Code (SPDO)

Railway
The town is served by the standard gauge Southern Railway of Peru, which connects with Cuzco and Puno.

Notable residents

 * Abimael Guzmán, Maoist leader

title: Mollendo


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Eiker

Eiker is a traditional district in the county of Buskerud, Norway.

History
Eiker consists of the municipalities of Nedre Eiker and Øvre Eiker. The area is located in the southern part of Buskerud county. Eiker is an agricultural area with a long history. The area was first inhabited around 8000 BC. During the early Viking Age, Eiker was the western extension of the kingdom of Vingulmark. Somewhat later, it became part of the kingdom of Vestfold. The parish of Eker was established as a municipality on January 1, 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). It was divided into Nedre Eiker and Øvre Eiker on July 1, 1885.

Fiskum Old Church
Fiskum Old Church (Fiskum gamle kirke) is located in Øvre Eiker  near the village of Darbu. It is a medieval era, Romanesque church dating from approximately 1200 A.D. The church was dedicated to Saint Olav. Fiskum Old Church was constructed in a rectangular shape and has 150 seats. The church was built of stone fracture in lime mortar and plastered inside. After the Protestant Reformation, Fiskum Church came under Haug Church at Haugsbygd. In 1866 the new Fiskum Church was built and the old church no longer had any official function. Externally, the church has preserved much of its medieval appearance. Inside the church reflects an expansion dating from the 17th century.

Etymology
The Old Norse form of the name was Eikjar. The name is the plural form of eik which means oak.

Other sources

 * Fiskum Old Church (Ringerike-Drammen District Lag. Volume 24, No.1, February 2010)

title: Eiker


text:
Bobov Dol

Bobov Dol (Бобов дол ; also Bobovdol) is a town in Bobov Dol Municipality, Kyustendil Province, southwestern Bulgaria. Bobov Dol lies near the geographic centre of the Balkan Peninsula and is known for its coal mines and thermal power plant. The third-largest town in the province (after Kyustendil and Dupnitsa), it is the administrative centre of Bobov Dol municipality.

Located in a mountainous region, it is surrounded on three sides by the mountain Konyavska Planina, with the Gologlavski Rid ridge to the north and east and the volcano-resembling peak of Kolosh to the west. To the south is the Razmetanitsa plain which reaches the valley of the Struma River. The town's name (literally "bean valley") may allude to the bean-shaped valley where the original village, now the Hristo Botev neighbourhood, is located; the name was first mentioned in 1576. To the east is the other town part of Bobov Dol, the newer Minyor neighbourhood in the Bankovitsa area which dates to 1954 and mostly consists of tower blocks.

Bobov Dol was first mentioned in an Ottoman tax register of 1576, although the area had been inhabited by the Thracians in antiquity and was part of the medieval Bulgarian Empire, as well as the Byzantine Empire. Although in the 1830s the geologist Ami Boué visited the region and studied the local coal deposits, it was not until after the Liberation of Bulgaria that extraction began, namely in 1891. On 30 September 1967, the village of Bobov Dol was proclaimed a town. The Bobov Dol Thermal Power Plant was built between 1973 and 1975, 10 kilometres from the town, at the village of Golemo Selo. During the Socialist era, Bobov Dol attracted many workers as it experienced an economic and demographic boom, with groups of workers arriving from as far as Nicaragua in the 1980s.

Notable natives include football manager Georgi Vasilev (born 1946) and Prime Minister Plamen Oresharski (born 1960). The local football club, PFC Minyor Bobov dol, plays in the second division of Bulgarian football, B PFG.

Municipality
Bobov Dol is the administrative centre of Bobov Dol municipality (part of Kyustendil Province), which includes the following 18 places:

title: Bobov Dol


text:
Chinese handball

Chinese handball is a form of American handball popular on the streets of New York City, Philadelphia, and Bridgewater during the 1950s, '60s, '70s, and '80s and still played today, mostly in New York City, Philadelphia, and San Diego. Different variations are played around the world. Its defining feature is that, unlike traditional handball, in Chinese or indirect handball, for a shot to be valid, the ball must hit the ground before it hits the wall. Because it is often played with large or irregular numbers of players, it is considered a more social and accessible alternative to conventional American handball, especially in schoolyard settings.

Origin of name
The name "Chinese" handball is American in origin. Like the terms "Chinese checkers" or "Chinese fire drill", the name identifies it as an "exotic" or confusing variation on something more familiar to Westerners.

Gameplay and Rules
Chinese handball can be played by any number of players that can comfortably fit on the court at once. In the United States, it is traditionally played with either a "Spaldeen" pink bouncy ball or an American handball ball, whereas Chinese-style Australian variations conventionally use tennis balls, and other ball options are possible. It is usually played on American handball courts, but is also often played with two opposing walls ("hallway" or "mini-court" style), or three adjacent walls. For all shots, there are several rules that must be followed for the play to be valid. The ball may be hit only once, without being "caught" or "handled", and after hitting the wall, its first bounce must land within the bounds of the court, same as in American Handball. However, after being struck and before hitting the wall, it must hit the floor.

1v1 duels or American-style 2v2 can be played, with teams alternating hitting the ball and points awarded whenever the opposing team fails to make a valid return. However, it is usually played with larger numbers, in an elimination style. If a player makes an invalid return, they are "out", and exit the court. Whoever is closest to the ball, other than the previous hitter, is expected to hit the ball. If the ball is allowed to bounce twice without being hit or "watermeloned", whoever was nearest the ball is declared out. The person who had hit the ball last normally gets the next serve, but as a primarily social game, speed of play and flow are paramount, so whoever collects the ball may serve themselves to save time. This process continues until only one player remains, who is crowned the winner. Everyone may then reenter the court for a new round, with the reigning champion getting the first serve of the next match.

In New York variations of the sport, "watermelons" are a risky alternative to hitting the ball. When the ball has bounced once, players may duck under the ball (usually their head is required to pass directly under the ball's flight path) to complete a watermelon. The ball is then allowed to bounce an additional time before another player must hit it, or watermelon it again. If any part of the player's body hits the ball, or the ball's next bounce lands out of bounds, the watermelon is invalid and the player who attempted it is out. Watermelons can serve as a good way to force one's opponent to the back of the court in 1v1s, to slow down the speed of play, or to catch opponents off-guard for an easy out. To prevent unfair aces, serves are often required to be "melonable", meaning someone could feasibly fit their head under the ball, and the ball's second bounce, were it to be "watermeloned", would be in-bounds. Serves may be hit or thrown.

Chinese handball, like its American relative and other playground games, is generally self-regulated. This means rules may be customized for any given match by those playing. In cases where the validity of a shot is disputed or there is disagreement over who was closest to a ball that was left to bounce twice, those outside the dispute may decide the call, or the round is replayed. Refereeing is democratic, and if most players on the court agree on a decision, the player in question is expected to accept it. There is often room for debate or talk-back, colloquially known as "fishmongering" among New York's Upper East Side Chinese Handball communities, but with rounds lasting only a few minutes, flow of play is prioritized over prolonged discussion.

Popular culture
A 2010 PBS documentary, New York Street Games, shows people playing Ace-King-Queen.

title: Chinese handball


text:
Kleeneze

Kleeneze is a British homeware company operating throughout the United Kingdom providing everyday laundry and cleaning staples and appliances, to UK retailers. Founded in 1923 in Hanham, Bristol, it is now owned by Manchester-based brands house Ultimate Products, as part of their wider portfolio of homeware brands.

History
The company's founder, Harry Crook, emigrated to the United States, and whilst there joined Fuller Brush as a sales representative. He returned to Bristol several years later, and started a business making brushes which were sold door-to-door by salesmen.

In 1995, Kleeneze was bought by European Home Retail (EHR). The company was bought by Findel PLC in 2007, after the collapse of EHR. In 2015, Findel sold Kleeneze to CVSL, an American holding company, as part of their MLM portfolio.

The company remained at its original Hanham site for almost 80 years. In May 2004, the company relocated its headquarters and distribution centre to Warmley. In 2007, after the acquisition by Findel, it was announced that the company would move to Hyndburn.

In 2016, funding was obtained from Greater Manchester Combined Authority for Kleeneze to set up a warehouse and distribution centre in Rochdale.

Kleeneze was a founder member of the UK's Direct Selling Association until 2017.

Kleeneze went into administration under the firm FRP Advisory on 12 April 2018. This was due to a period of rough trading and operational issues following its 2017 move to Heywood which had caused the company to seek a buyer to save the business. At the time, the company reported 140 jobs and 5,000 distributors.

In 2018, Kleeneze was purchased by Ultimate Products, a brand house for housewares and cleaning products. The brand continues to supply cleaning staples and household supplies. The brand was relaunched with a focus on floorcare and laundry products but through retail and online channels, after the previous door to door magazines sales mantra had failed to adapt to an increasing online demand from consumers.

title: Kleeneze


text:
Talk:Daniel Camargo Barbosa

Untitled
As per Pedro Lopez I'll ask, are there any references for this case? Rich Farmbrough 18:19, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

References needed
No references, unref tag added.--FloNight 14:40, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Added a reference as requested. It does need a second reference though, hopefully one can be provided. Robert Mercer 21:53, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * "The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers" is quite a poor reference, unfortunately, as it is not itself well sourced. Rich Farmbrough, 15:53 31 August 2007 (GMT).

 * I have found a few more references, but I have noticed some pretty huge discrepancies in the information between sources. Two English language newspaper articles from the 1986 say that Barbosa escaped from a prison in Bogota, while a Spanish 1988 article says he escaped from "La Isla De La Gorgona" just as this wiki article currently states. I don't which is more credible, so I will link them here:
 * The Spanish article: 'El sádico del Chanquito' by Jose Comas in El País - Guayaquil - 07/02/1988
 * The newspaper articles in English: "Equador Killer's 48th Victim Found" in The Spokesman-Review - Mar 8, 1986 ; "Policy Say 47 Women Killed In Guayaquil in One Year" in Ocala Star-Banner - Mar 7, 1986
 * Also, some relevant articles in Hoy (an Equador Newspaper):
 * "ASESINO DE CAMARGO CORTA SEGUNDA OREJA EN EL PENAL" Published 08/March/1996
 * "LA INFANCIA Y LA VIRGINIDAD: DOS VERTIENTES DEL CRIMEN" Published 15/November/1994
 * "CRONOLOGIA DE LOS ASESINATOS DE CAMARGO BARBOSA" Published 15/November/1994
 * This article has a picture of Carmago, but sadly I think it is copyrighted: "Carlos Barcos V., un científico y pionero de la medicina forense" article by Joan Von Buchwald on ElUniverso.com, November 23, 2009
 * 98.71.97.171 (talk)

Differences to Spanish page
There are a couple of differences to the Spanish language page. E.g. it said he was sentenced to 25 years in Colombia. Don't feel confident enough in my Spanish to do a full translation to put here myself. 76.97.245.5 (talk) 14:29, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Daniel Camargo Barbosa


text:
Grosvenor House Hotel

JW Marriott Grosvenor House London, formerly the Grosvenor House Hotel, is a luxury hotel that opened in 1929 in the Mayfair area of London, England. Across from Hyde Park, the hotel is built on the former site of the 19th century aristocratic Grosvenor House residence. The hotel is managed by JW Marriott Hotels, which is a brand of Marriott International, and it is owned by Katara Hospitality.

History
The Grosvenor House Hotel was built in the 1920s and opened in 1929 on the site of Grosvenor House, the former London residence of the Dukes of Westminster, whose family name is Grosvenor. The hotel owed its existence to Arthur Octavius Edwards, who conceived and built it, then presided over it as chairman for 10 years.

A.H. Jones had worked for Edwards in Doncaster. In January 1929, six months after the completion of the first block of apartments, and six months before completion of the hotel, Edwards brought Jones to Grosvenor House as accountant. In 1936, at the age of 29, Jones became general manager of Grosvenor House. Apart from the war years, when he served with the Royal Artillery and later in the NAAFI, Jones held this position until he retired in 1965.

The hotel gained widespread publicity in 1934 when Edwards named his de Havilland DH.88 Comet racer after it and won the MacRobertson England-Australia Air Race. The restored plane still flies in its original livery with the Shuttleworth Collection.

Grosvenor House managed to have a 'good' World War II. Ten thousand sandbags and five miles of blackout material protected the building, and its entertaining space was used in the war effort. The Great Room initially became home to the Officers' Sunday Club and then, in 1943, to the US officers' mess. Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George S. Patton were regular visitors.

The original scheme for the hotel was not finally realised until the 1950s because Bruno, Baron Schröder, who had acquired the lease of 35, Park Street in about 1910, had refused to give it up to Edwards. Schröder remained in the house until his death in 1940, and permission to demolish the house was finally given in 1956. The house was replaced with a 92-bedroom extension, which was officially opened in 1957 by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Peter Thorneycroft.

The hotel underwent a four-year renovation and restoration costing £142 million, and it reopened in 2008. This included a full refurbishment of all restaurants, guest rooms, health facilities, and public areas. The Great Room, Ballroom, Court Suite, restaurants, bars, meeting spaces and 494 guest rooms can accommodate a total of over 6,000 people.

In 2010, Indian conglomerate Sahara India Pariwar purchased the hotel from the Royal Bank of Scotland for £470 million. Sahara India Pariwar also owned a controlling stake in New York's famous Plaza Hotel from 2012 to 2018.

Grosvenor House is managed by the JW Marriott Hotels brand of Marriott International. The hotel drew protests in 2017 when it hosted the annual gathering of the Aerospace Defence Security group (ADS), a trade association which represents arms companies. Campaigners stood outside the hotel and held banners protesting the role of some ADS member companies in the arming of Saudi Arabia during its attack on Yemen.

In April 2017, Sahara India Pariwar turned down an offer of more than £600 million for the hotel from British billionaires David and Frederick Barclay, before finally selling the hotel to US-based Ashkenazy Acquisition Corporation for an undisclosed sum. In November 2018, it was announced that Katara Hospitality (owned by the Qatar Investment Authority) was buying the hotel for an undisclosed sum.

Facilities
Grosvenor House was the first hotel in London at that time to have a separate bathroom and entrance lobby for each bedroom, and running iced water in every bathroom. When the hotel first opened, it was also the headquarters of the International Sportsmen's Club. Its facilities included Turkish baths, a swimming pool, squash courts and a gymnasium.

The hotel has a pedestrian entrance on Park Lane in Mayfair, but this is not the 'main/courtyard' entrance, which is actually on Park Street. The official address of the hotel is 86–90, Park Lane.

Great Room
The Great Room (which is a separate room from the Ballroom) at the Grosvenor House is the venue of many prominent awards evenings such as The Asian Awards, Pride of Britain Awards, and the O2 Silver Clef Awards, as well as charity balls and other events, and it is often seen on British television. For example, the UK Chamber of Shipping hosts an annual maritime gala dinner at the hotel. Since the 1930s, the Great Room has hosted the world's oldest charitable ball, the Royal Caledonian Ball, and it is one of the largest ballrooms in Europe, with a maximum capacity of 2,000 seated (200 10-person tables) or 1,100 theatre style.

Although now not used as such, the Great Room was originally built as an ice-rink, and much of the machinery lies dormant under the current flooring. In 1933, Princess Elizabeth, the future Queen Elizabeth II, learnt to skate at the hotel at just seven years of age. Sonja Henie, Cecilia Colledge, and other famous skaters frequently displayed their skill. International ice hockey matches were played there, and the newly formed Grosvenor House Canadian hockey team, recruited from Canadians living in London, played the Queen's Ice Hockey Club on the rink, the first of a series of matches against teams from the United Kingdom and the Continent.

Anticipating competition from other ice rinks, the rink was converted in 1935 into a banquet hall measuring 1,902 square metres (20,454 square feet).

Tenants
Richard Corrigan rents space within the hotel and runs the restaurant Corrigan's Mayfair.

title: Grosvenor House Hotel


text:
Adamawa languages

The Adamawa languages are a putative family of 80–90 languages scattered across the Adamawa Plateau in Central Africa, in northern Cameroon, north-western Central African Republic, southern Chad, and eastern Nigeria, spoken altogether by only one and a half million people (as of 1996). Joseph Greenberg classified them as one branch of the Adamawa–Ubangi family of Niger–Congo languages. They are among the least studied languages in Africa, and include many endangered languages; by far the largest is Mumuye, with 400,000 speakers. A couple of unclassified languages—notably Laal and Jalaa—are found along the fringes of the Adamawa area.

Geographically, the Adamawa languages lie near the location of the postulated Niger–Congo – Central Sudanic contact that may have given rise to the Atlantic–Congo family, and so may represent the central radiation of that family.

Classification
Joseph Greenberg postulated the Adamawa languages as a part of Adamawa–Ubangian (then called Adamawa–Eastern), and divided them into 14 numbered groups. Group G3, Daka (or Dakoid), is now known to be a branch of Benue–Congo. The relationships of the other branches has undergone considerable revision.

There have also been recent attempts at computationally classifying the Adamawa languages.

Greenberg (1963)
Greenberg's 14 numbered Adamawa groups are:

Boyd (1989)
Boyd (1989) added the Day language and classified them as follows:

 * Adamawa
 * Leko–Nimbari (or Chamba–Mumuye)
 * Duru: G4
 * Leko: G2
 * Mumuye–Yendang: G5
 * Nimbari: G12
 * Mbum–Day
 * Bua: G13
 * Kim: G14
 * Mbum: G6
 * Day
 * Waja–Jen
 * Bikwin–Jen (or Jen): G9
 * Tula–Wiyaa (or Waja): G1
 * Bəna–Mboi (or Yungur): G7
 * Baa (a.k.a. Kwa)
 * Longuda: G10
 * Nyimwom (or Kam: G8)

He excluded the Fali languages (G11).

Güldemann (2018)
Güldemann (2018) recognises 14 coherent Adamawa "genealogical units", but is agnostic about their positions within Niger-Congo.

 * Tula-Waja
 * Longuda
 * Bena-Mboi
 * Bikwin-Jen
 * Samba-Duru
 * Mumuyic
 * Maya (Yendangic)
 * Kebi-Benue (Mbumic)
 * Kimic
 * Buaic
 * Day
 * Baa = Kwa
 * Nyingwom = Kam
 * Fali

Kleinewillinghöfer (2019)
Kleinewillinghöfer (2019), in the Adamawa Languages Project website, recognises the following 17 groups as Adamawa languages.
 * Tula-Waja (Waja): G1
 * Bikwin-Jen (Burak, Jen): G9
 * Kam (Nyiŋɔm, Nyiwom, Nyingwom): G8
 * Longuda (Nʋngʋra cluster): G10
 * Baa (Kwa)
 * Mumuye: G5
 * Yandang (Yendang): G5
 * Samba-Duru (Chamba-Leko, Leko, Duru, Sama-Duru, Samba Leeko): G2, G4
 * Ɓəna-Mboi (Yungur): G7
 * Kebi-Benue (Mbum): G6
 * Kim: G14
 * Day
 * Bua: G13
 * Nimbari (Baari, Bari): G12 [extinct]
 * Duli - Gewe (Gey, Gueve) [extinct]
 * ? Fali: G11
 * ? Chamba-Daka (Daka): G3

Only the Tula-Waja, Longuda, Ɓəna-Mboi, Samba-Duru, and Bua groups have noun classes. The other groups only display vestiges of formerly active noun class systems.

Blench (2012, 2020)
Roger Blench (2012) concludes that the Adamawa languages are a geographic grouping, not a language family, and breaks up its various branches in his proposed Savannas family. He places some of the western Adamawa languages closer to the Gur languages than to other Adamawa families. Fali is tentatively excluded from Savannas altogether. Blench (2020) retains a connection between Mumuye and Yendang, but breaks up Kleinewillinghöfer's Samba-Duru.

Unclassified Adamawa languages
The Oblo language of Cameroon has been included in several versions of the Adamawa group, but its position within it is unclear.

It has been speculated that the unclassified Laal language of Chad may be Adamawa; the Jalaa language of Nigeria is probably not Adamawa, but shows heavy Adamawa influence. However, both are generally now considered to be language isolates.

Comparative vocabulary
Sample basic vocabulary of Adamawa languages from Kleinewillinghöfer's Adamawa Languages Project website and various other sources:

Note: In table cells with slashes, the singular form is given before the slash, while the plural form follows the slash.

Numerals
Comparison of numerals in individual languages:

title: Adamawa languages


text: Category:House of Lancaster

title: Category:House of Lancaster


text:
Michio Miyagi

Michio Miyagi (宮城 道雄) was a Japanese musician, famous for his  koto playing.

He was born in Kobe. He lost his sight in 1902, when he was 8 years old, and started his study in koto under the guidance of Nakajima Kengyo II, dedicating the rest of his life to the instrument. In 1907 he moved with his family to Incheon, in southern Korea. When he was 14 years old, in 1909 he finished his first composition, Mizu no Hentai. At 18 he reached the rank of kengyo, the highest rank for a koto performer.

Miyagi moved to Tokyo in 1917, and in 1919 he did his first recital of his own compositions. In 1920, he took part in the Great Recital of the New Japanese Music with Seifu Yoshida and Nagayo Motoori. He was reckoned as an authority in the new Japanese music, achieving notability in the early Shōwa period. In 1925 he participated in one of the first radio presentations in Japan, and in 1929 he signed an exclusive contract with Victor Record Company, current JVC. He composed his most famous piece, Haru no Umi (The Sea in Spring), in 1929.

In 1930 he became a lecturer at the Tokyo College of Music (current Tokyo University of the Arts), until he was appointed professor in 1937. In 1932 French violinist Renée Chemet visited Japan on a concert tour. After hearing Miyagi perform Haru no Umi Chemet arranged the shakuhachi part for violin, which she and Miyagi then recorded for distribution in Japan and Europe. He gained worldwide notability after the issuing of his albums in Japan, United States and UK.

After the Second World War, in 1948, he was appointed to the Academy of Arts of Japan. On 25 June 1956 he died after falling from a train in Kariya, Aichi during one of his tours. He wrote more than 500 pieces, improved Japanese string instruments, and invented new kotos with 17 strings (bass koto) and 80 strings. He was also an essayist, and published more than ten books including Ame no Nenbutsu.

Michio Miyagi Memorial Hall
The Michio Miyagi Memorial Hall, Shinjuku City, Tokyo, was opened in 1978 on the site where he spent his last years. The museum includes his personal instruments and artifacts, the library where he composed his music and wrote his essays, a room with his music and videos, a library, lecture hall and music hall for concerts.

title: Michio Miyagi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matzke

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 07:04, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Matzke
Not notable. There is nothing that makes the name "Matzke" more notable than any other German surname. Dr Gangrene 18:23, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, genealogoy. Wyss 18:47, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Phils 22:49, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Wagiles 00:36, Feb 10, 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matzke


text:
Insurgency in Northeast India

The Insurgency in Northeast India involves multiple separatist militant groups operating in some of India's northeastern states, which are connected to the rest of India by the Siliguri Corridor, a strip of land as narrow as 14.29 miles wide.

Northeastern India consists of seven states (also known as the Seven Sister States): Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, and Nagaland. Tensions existed between insurgents in these states and the central government as well as amongst their native indigenous people and migrants from other parts of India and illegal immigrants.

In recent years, insurgency in the region has seen rapid decline, with a 70% reduction in insurgency incidents and an 80% drop in civilian deaths in 2019 compared to 2013.

The 2014 Indian general election had an 80% voter turnout in all northeastern states, the highest among all states of India according to Indian government. Indian authorities claim that this shows the faith of the northeastern people in Indian democracy. Indian Chief of Defence Staff Gen Anil Chauhan then Eastern Army Commander had stated that as of 2020, the area of violence in the entire North-East has shrunk primarily to an area which is the tri-junction between Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and north Nagaland.

Ethnic Diversity
North-East India is India’s most ethnically diversified area. Around 40 million people live there, including 213 of India’s 635 tribal groups. These tribes each have their own distinct culture, each tribal group disagrees with being combined into mainstream India because it means losing their unique identity, giving rise to insurgency.

Lack of Representation
The long distance between mainland India and the northeast, as well as a lack of representation for the region in the Indian Parliament, has contributed to the northeast being more neglected in the political framework of the country, which has served as a major reason behind the insurgencies occurring in the region.

East Bengali refugees
During the Bangladesh Liberation War, an estimated 10 million people from East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) fled the country and took refuge in India, particularly in the Indian states of West Bengal and the Indian northeast, especially Tripura and Assam. This changed the demography of the area, resulting in greater competition between locals and refugees, which further contributed to the insurgency in the area.

Underdevelopment
The northeast has been traditionally neglected economically in India, with the region receiving low levels of investment from both the Indian government and other investors.

Partitioned against will
The partitioning of the Northeast by the British during colonial rule resulted in arbitrary divisions that continue to impact the region today. One significant outcome was the separation of Chittagong from the Northeast, altering geographical and cultural connections. Similarly, the division of the Kachin-Chin region and Eastern Nagalim further fragmented communities that had historical ties. Additionally, the intervention of leaders like Nehru and organizations like the UN in the region's affairs exacerbated tensions and deepened divisions. These actions not only disrupted the natural cohesion of the region but also sowed seeds of discontent that persist to this day.

Mizo uprising (1966)
The Mizo National Front uprising was a revolt against the government of India aimed at establishing a sovereign nation state for the Mizo people, which started on 28 February 1966.

MNF insurgency (1966–1986)
Mizoram's tensions were largely due to the simmering Assamese domination and the neglect of the Mizo people. In 1986, the Mizo accord ended the main secessionist movement led by the Mizo National Front, bringing peace to the region. Insurgency status is classified as partially active, due to secessionist/autonomy demands by the Buddhist Chakmas and Hindu Brus. The Chakma and Reang tribes complain of religious and ethnic persecution, and complain that the dominant Mizo ethnic group, almost entirely Christian, wants to convert them to Christianity.

Manipur
Manipur's long tradition of independence can be traced to the foundation of the Kangleipak State in 33 B.C. The Kingdom of Manipur was conquered by Great Britain following the brief Anglo-Manipuri War of 1891, becoming a British protectorate.

Manipur became part of the Indian Union on 15 October 1949. Manipur's incorporation into the Indian state soon led to the formation of a number of insurgent organisations, seeking the creation of an independent state within the borders of Manipur, and dismissing the merger with India as involuntary.

Despite the fact that Manipur became a separate state of the Indian Union on 21 January 1972, the insurgency continued. On 8 September 1980, Manipur was declared an area of disturbance, when the Indian government imposed the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 on the region; the act currently remains in force.

The parallel rise of Naga nationalism in neighbouring Nagaland led to the emergence of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) activities in Manipur. Clashes between the Isak-Muivah and Khaplang factions of the NSCN further aggravated tensions, as Kuki tribals began creating their own guerrilla groups in order to protect their interests from alleged Naga violations. Skirmishes between the two ethnic groups took place during the 1990s. Other ethnic groups such as the Paite, Vaiphei, Pangals and Hmars followed suit establishing militant groups.

The Kuki National Army also maintains one armed wing in Manipur.

UNLF (1964–2023)
The first separatist faction known as the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) was founded on 24 November 1964.

Marxist & Maoist groups (1977–present)
Between 1977 and 1980, the People's Liberation Army of Manipur (PLA), the People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK) and the Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP), were formed, immediately joining the war.

Nagaland
Nagaland was created in 1963 as the 16th state of the Indian Union, before which it was a district of Assam. Active Naga-Kuki insurgent groups mainly demand full independence. The Naga National Council led by Phizo was the first group to dissent in 1947 and in 1956 they went underground.

NSCN insurgency (1980–present)
The National Socialist Council of Nagaland was formed in 1980 to establish a Greater Nagaland, encompassing parts of Manipur, Nagaland, and the north Cachar hills (Assam). The NSCN split in 1988 to form two groups, NSCN(IM) and NSCN(K). As of 2015, both groups have observed a ceasefire truce with the Indian government.

The National Socialist Council of Nagaland—Khaplang is the second faction with the same aim of a Greater Nagaland and was formed in 1988.

Tripura
The insurgent groups in Tripura emerged at the end of the 1970s, as ethnic tensions between perceived Bangladeshi infiltration and the tribal native population who were outnumbered by the former, hailing from other parts of India and nearby Bangladesh, which resulted in their being reduced to minority status even threatening them economically, socially, culturally; this resulted in a clarion call for safeguarding tribal rights and cultures. Such being the extent of desperation, this naturally resulted in hatred and suspicion and their status is classified as active.

The first militant outfit to form was Tripura National Volunteers (TNV), which was active until 1988.

The National Liberation Front of Tripura was formed in March 1989. During the period 1992 to 2001, a total of 764 civilians and 184 members of the security forces were killed in NLFT attacks. In 2019, it signed the Tripura Peace Accord to end the insurgency.

The All Tripura Tiger Force was formed by local aboriginal tribes in 1990, who were gradually outnumbered both directly and indirectly, even at the cost of being threatened for their survival economically and culturally, not to speak of their being reduced to minority population-wise; their sole aim is the expulsion of all Bangladeshi infiltration nearby Bangladesh.

Assam
Assam has been a refuge for militants for a number of years, due to its porous borders with Bangladesh and Bhutan and also due to its very close proximity to Burma. The main causes of the friction include anti-foreigner agitation in the 1980s, and the simmering indigenous-migrant tensions. The government of Bangladesh has arrested and extradited senior leaders of the ULFA.

Bodoland

 * BLTF (1996–2003): The Bodo Liberation Tigers Force fought for autonomy of Bodoland under Prem Singh Brahma. It surrendered with the establishment of Bodoland Territorial Council.
 * NDFB (1986–2020): The National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB) was formed in 1986 as the Bodo Security Force, and aims to set up an independent nation of Bodoland.

ULFA (1990–present)
The United Liberation Front of Assam was formed in April 1979 to establish a sovereign state of Assam for the indigenous people of Assam through an armed struggle. In recent times the organisation has lost its middle rung leaders after most of them were arrested.

KLO (1995–present)
The objective of the Kamtapur Liberation Organisation (KLO) is to carve out a separate Kamtapur Nation. The proposed state is to comprise six districts in West Bengal and four contiguous districts of Assam which are Cooch Behar, Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, North and South Dinajpur and Malda of West Bengal and four contiguous districts of Assam – Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Dhubri and Goalpara. The KLO, in the beginning, was an unconcealed organisation, which was formed to address problems of the Koch Rajbongshi people, such as large-scale unemployment, land alienation, perceived neglect of Kamtapuri language, identity, and grievances of economic deprivation.

Meghalaya
The state of Meghalaya was separated from the state of Assam in 1971, in order to satisfy the Khasi, Synteng and Garo for a separate state. The decision was initially praised as an example of successful national integration into the wider Indian state.

This, however, failed to prevent the rise of national consciousness among the local tribal populations, later leading to a direct confrontation between Indian nationalism and the newly created Garo and Khasi nationalisms. A parallel rise of nationalism in the other members of the Seven Sister States further complicated the situation, resulting in occasional clashes between rebel groups.

The state wealth distribution system further fueled the rising separatist movements, as funding is practised through per-capita transfers, which largely benefits the leading ethnic group.

The first militant outfit to emerge in the region was the Hynniewtrep Achik Liberation Council (HALC). It was formed in 1992, aiming to protect the interests of Meghalaya's indigenous population from the rise of non-tribal ("Dkhar") immigration.

A conflict of interest soon led to a split of the HALC. The Garo members formed the Achik Matgrik Liberation Army (AMLA) while the joint Jaintia-Khasi alliance of Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (HNLC) was formed in 1993. The HNLC claims to represent the Khasi – Jaintia people, and its aim is to free Meghalaya from the alleged domination of the Garos and the outsiders (the "Dkhars").

The AMLA passed into obscurity, while the Achik National Volunteers Council (ANVC) took its place. The Garo-Khasi drift persisted as the HNLC had set up the goal of turning Meghalaya into an exclusively Khasi region; the ANVC, on the other hand, sought the creation of an independent state in the Garo Hills.

A number of non-Meghalayan separatist groups have also operated in the region, including the United Liberation Front of Assam and the National Democratic Front of Bodoland among others.

GNLA insurgency (2010–present)
The most active outfit in the state is the Garo National Liberation Army (GNLA), which was formed in 2009.

In Assam

 * UPDS (2004–2014): The United People's Democratic Solidarity was formed in March 1999 with the merger of two groups in Assam's Karbi Anglong district, the Karbi National Volunteers (KNV) and the Karbi People’s Front (KPF). In 2004, the UPDS (Anti-Talks) renamed itself as the Karbi Longri North Cachar Hills Liberation Front (KLNLF), and its armed wing as the Karbi Longri North Cachar Hills Resistance Force (KNPR). In December 2014, the UPDS disbanded, following the mass surrender of all it cadres and leaders.
 * KLNLF (2004–2021): The Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front is a militant group operating in the Karbi Anglong and Dima Hasao districts of Assam that was formed on 16 May 2004. The outfit claims to fight for the cause of Karbi tribes, and its declared objective is Hemprek Kangthim, meaning self-rule/self-determination of the Karbi people. It is closely linked with the ULFA (United Liberation Front of Assam)
 * DHD (1995–2009): The Dima Halam Daoga (DHD) is a descendant of the Dimasa National Security Force (DNSF), which ceased operations in 1995. Commander-in-Chief Jewel Gorlosa, refused to surrender and launched the Dima Halam Daogah. After the peace agreement between the DHD and the central government in the year 2003, the group further broke out and DHD(J) also known as Black Widow was born which was led by Jewel Gorlosa. The Black Widow's declared objective is to create Dimaraji nation for the Dimasa people in Dima Hasao only. However the objective of DHD (Nunisa faction) is to include parts of Cachar, Karbi Anglong, and Nagaon districts in Assam, and sections of Dimapur district in Nagaland. In 2009 the group surrendered en masse to the CRPF and local police, 193 cadres surrendering on 2009-09-12 and another 171 on the 13th.
 * MULTA (1996–present): The objective of the Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam (MULTA) is to establish an Islamic state in India under sharia law. The group composed of migrants and indigenous peoples who practiced Islam.

Zomi
Zomi is an umbrella term encompassing nine tribes in the state of Manipur. In 1993, the Zomi Re-unification Organisation (ZRO) and its armed wing, the Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA), were established in 1997 with the aim of safeguarding and protecting the interests of the Zomi people. Presently, the ZRA is engaged in a Suspension of Operation (SoO) with the Indian government, seeking a political resolution for the Zo community, which has long suffered neglect and suppression at the hands of the dominant tribe in Manipur.

Hmar
The Hmar People's Convention-Democracy (HPC-D) is an armed insurgency group formed in 1995 to create an independent Hmar State in North East India. It is the offspring of the Hmar People's Convention (HPC), which entered into an agreement with the Government of Mizoram in 1994 resulting in the formation of the Sinlung Hills Development Council (SHDC) in North Mizoram. Their recruited cadres are from the States where the Hmar people are spread – Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura and Meghalaya. The HPC(D) is demanding a separate administrative unit under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India.

Taniland
The National Liberation Council of Taniland (NLCT) was active along the Assam – Arunachal Pradesh border, and its members belong to the Tani groups of people which are demanding Taniland. The group enjoys no support from the local population of Arunachal Pradesh who are fiercely pro-India and the group is all but defunct now. The Tani groups are one of the ethnic groups of northeast India (variously known as Mising in Assam and Adi, Nyishi, Galo, Apatani, Tagin, in Arunachal Pradesh) in India as well as the Lhoba in China who live along the frontier of India.

Spillover in Bhutan
Following the 1990 Operations Rhino and Bajrang, Assamese separatist groups relocated their camps to Bhutan. In 1996 the Bhutan government became aware of a large number of camps on its southern border with India. The camps were set up by four Assamese separatist movements: the ULFA, NDFB, Bodo Liberation Tigers Force (BLTF) and Kamtapur Liberation Organization (KLO). The camps also harboured separatists belonging to the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) and the All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF).

India then exerted diplomatic pressure on Bhutan, offering support in removing the rebel organisations from its soil. The government of Bhutan initially pursued a peaceful solution, opening dialogue with the militant groups on 1998. Five rounds of talks were held with ULFA, three rounds with DNFB, with KLO ignoring all invitations sent by the government. In June 2001 ULFA agreed to close down four of its camps; however, the Bhutanese government soon realized that the camps had simply been relocated.

By 2003 the talks had failed to produce any significant result. On 14 July 2003, military intervention was approved by the National Assembly. On 13 December 2003, the Bhutanese government issued a two-day ultimatum to the rebels. On 15 December 2003, after the ultimatum had expired, Operation All Clear – the first operation ever conducted by the Royal Bhutan Army – was launched.

By 3 January 2004, the Royal Bhutan Army had killed about 120 militants. They managed to capture several senior ULFA commanders. Large numbers of rebels fled to Bangladesh and India. Militants also were dislodged from all 30 camps and 35 observation posts, with the camps burned and razed to the ground.

Between 2008 and 2011, Royal Bhutan Police and Royal Bhutan Army personnel undertook numerous actions against alleged north Indian militants. Several firefights occurred while Bhutan military personnel were required to dispose of several explosive devices and destroyed a number of guerrilla camps.

Spillover in Myanmar
The Indo-Burmese border was drawn over the homeland of many ethnic groups, such as the Mizos/Chins and the Nagas, with communities with strong ethnic ties living on both sides of the border. Several separatist groups have operated out of Myanmar, crossing into India via the porous border.

India-Myanmar military cooperation dates back to the 1960s when the Tatmadaw intercepted Naga and Mizo rebels heading to China for training. Indian support for the pro-democracy movement in the 1980s had caused the Tatmadaw to stop their operations against the northeastern rebel groups.

After the 2015 Manipur ambush, India conducted surgical strikes against NSCN-K camps inside Myanmar, and inflicted significant casualties.

In February and June 2019, Indian army and the Burmese Tatmadaw carried out joint operations Sunrise and Sunrise II, targeting in co-ordination several militant groups along the Indo-Burma border including the Kamtapur Liberation Organisation (KLO), the NSCN-K, the United Liberation Front of Assam (I) and the National Democratic Front of Boroland (NDFB). In February, Burmese troops stormed the NSCN-K headquarters at Taga in Hkamti Township. The Indian army reciprocated by starting a major operation against the Arakan Army in south Mizoram.

CorCom
In Manipur the following militant groups have come together as the CorCOM which is a short name for Coordination Committee.

 * Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP),
 * Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (KYKL),
 * People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK), People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak-Pro (PREPAK-Pro),
 * Revolutionary People's Front (RPF)
 * United National Liberation Front (UNLF)
 * United People's Party of Kangleipak (UPPK)

CorCom is on the extremist organisations list of the Government of India, and is responsible for many bombings usually associated with Indian holidays and elections.

Federal Government of Wesea
Some of the aforementioned militant groups have formed an alliance to fight against the governments of India, Bhutan, and Myanmar. They use the term "Western Southeast Asia" (WESEA) to describe the region in which they operate: Northeast India, Bhutan, North Bengal, and Myanmar. These groups include:

The Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP), Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (KYKL), People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK), People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak-Pro (PREPAK-Pro), Revolutionary People's Front, and United National Liberation Front of Manipur. Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council of Meghalaya. Kamtapur Liberation Organization, which operates in Assam and North Bengal. United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA). National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) of Tripura. Additionally, other groups such as the Kachin Independence Army, Chin National Army, and Naga insurgent groups in Myanmar, as well as organizations like the Hmar People's Convention-Democratic, Gorkha Liberation Army, allies against Sikkim's annexation, Kuki Army, Tani National Liberation Council, Tripura Liberation Front, Garo National Liberation Army (GNLA), National Democratic Front of Boroland (NDFB), and Dimasa National Liberation Army (DNLA) are also part of this alliance.

Recently, some of these groups have taken advantage of the situation in Myanmar and declared independence, further escalating tensions in the region.

United National Liberation Front of WESEA
Nine militant groups of the northeast, including the NSCN (Khaplang) and the ULFA faction led by Paresh Baruah, have come together to form a new unified front known as UNLFW during a meeting held in Myanmar in early 2015. Besides the NSCN (K) and ULFA-Independent, other groups that participated in the meeting held at Taga in Sagaing division of Myanmar earlier this month were the Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP), Kanglei Yawol Kunna Lup (KYKL), the People’s Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK), the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) and the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (Songbijit faction) (NDFB).

Counter-insurgency
In 1955, an order of the day from the then Chief of Army Staff Rajendrasinhji Jadeja to troops fighting insurgency in the north-east read, "You must remember that all the people of the area in which you are operating are fellow-Indians... and the very fact that they are different and yet part of India is a reflection of India’s greatness. Some of these people are misguided and have taken to arms against their own people, and are disrupting the peace in this area. You are to protect the mass of the people from these disruptive elements. You are not there to fight the people in the area, but to protect them. You are fighting only those who threaten the people and who are a danger to the lives and properties of the people. You must therefore, do everything possible to win their confidence and respect and to help them feel that they belong to India."

title: Insurgency in Northeast India


text:
Strangers Almanac

Strangers Almanac is the second studio album by American alternative country band Whiskeytown, released on July 29, 1997, on Outpost and Geffen Records. The album was reissued as a deluxe edition with bonus tracks and an additional disc of previously unreleased material on March 4, 2008.

Background and production
Throughout 1996, Whiskeytown recorded new material in Chapel Hill and Durham, North Carolina. Two separate recording sessions – dubbed the "Barn's On Fire" sessions and the "Baseball Park" sessions – produced several songs that were later re-recorded for Strangers Almanac. And while praising everyone involved in making Strangers, principal songwriter Ryan Adams once remarked in an interview that he preferred these earlier songs to the final album. Tracks from these sessions would later be released on the reissues of Faithless Street and Strangers Almanac.

The road to making Strangers was a rocky one – in late 1996, bassist Steve Grothman and drummer Skillet Gilmore left the band on the same day, suddenly placing the future of Whiskeytown in doubt. It was then that violinist Caitlin Cary also considered leaving the band, while Adams toyed with the idea of signing as a solo artist with A&M Records. But in the end, the remaining band members soldiered on and, in February 1997, Adams, Cary, and guitarist Phil Wandscher traveled to Woodland Studios in Nashville to record their major label debut. Drummer Steve Terry and bassist Jeff Rice were also added to the lineup. Producer Jim Scott was selected due to his previous work on Tom Petty's Wildflowers album.

The sessions featured plenty of give-and-take between the young, scrappy band and the older, more-polished producer. Said Adams later: "He [Jim Scott] wanted to make something flow. He wanted to make our record work, whereas we wanted our record to get damaged." And for his part, Scott points to a particularly raw-sounding guitar part in the song "Everything I Do" and says, "I listen to that and go, oh my God, we should've redone that guitar because it just is a little rough on such a beautiful song. But that's maybe what they liked about it; they were like, 'No, that's cool'... Maybe that was the bruise on the apple that they were looking for."

The first notes heard on the album – Adams picking out a slow acoustic guitar line at the beginning of "Inn Town" – were played using an Alvarez guitar purchased for $100 at a Nashville pawn shop. Adams had arrived in Nashville without a guitar because of an unfortunate mishap: on the day they were leaving for Nashville, the band met in a parking lot to load their gear into a van for the trip. After loading their gear, everyone hopped in the van and drove off. It was only later that they realized they'd left Adams's guitars behind, still sitting in the parking lot. The title of the album's opening track is a reference to fellow North Carolinian/Superchunk frontman Mac McCaughan and his band Wwax, who released a song with the same title.

The song "Excuse Me While I Break My Own Heart Tonight" features Alejandro Escovedo on vocals. The band had previously covered Escovedo's True Believers song "The Rain Won't Help You When It's Over", which is featured on Disc 2 of the album's 2008 reissue.

The understated piano accents on "Avenues" were played by Adams. Producer Scott believes that this was the first time that the young songwriter had ever played piano on a recording.

About the song "Losering", Adams says: "I love 'Losering' because I think it makes a beautiful statement with only about six words. I coulda put more extremely well-written, musically perfect songs on the record but decided not to because I was proud of the fact that there was finally some experimenting going on in the band. And 'Losering' was one of them – 'Losering' was originally just about a six or seven-bar little hymn that I was writing, like Sun Ra or somebody might do – like A Love Supreme, you know, where they just mumble that in succession at the end of that Coltrane record? I kinda wanted to do something like that but maybe with an influence from The Byrds, you know. And I was really proud of that; I really thought that was amazing, so I love listening to it."

After a month of recording at Woodland Studios, the band finished recording and mixing at Ocean Way Studios in Los Angeles. Thirty-six songs were recorded for the album, of which thirteen made the final cut.

Strangers Almanac Tour (1997–98)
In a 2008 interview with Independent Weekly, Adams admitted that the Strangers sessions were a very unhappy time for him personally. Depression, substance abuse, and a general dissatisfaction with the band plagued his time in Nashville. In spite of this, Whiskeytown embarked on a grueling and turbulent tour that stretched out over the next 19 months. The band first appeared as part of the "No Depression Tour" with fellow alt-country acts Old 97's, Hazeldine, and The Picketts in the Spring of 1997.

After Strangers Almanac was released on July 29, another round of touring ensued. This leg of the tour, dubbed the "RV Tour", found the band traveling between gigs in an RV. On the whiskeytownavenues message board, tour manager Thomas O'Keefe called the tour "a 2-month trek in the US that still causes mental illness in those that were there." One particular show at the Iota Club in Arlington, Virginia, found guitarist Phil Wandscher sitting above the stage for the entire performance, playing his guitar and occasionally throwing beer bottles down at singer Ryan Adams. At another show in Lansing, MI, a fan threw tomatoes at the band's crew following an abbreviated set by the band.

On September 10, the band recorded a live in-studio performance for the KCRW radio program "Brave New World", which was later released on the 2008 deluxe edition of Strangers.

Following a contentious September 25 show at The Hurricane in Kansas City, the band splintered. Ryan Adams and Caitlin Cary played the remaining dates of the tour as an acoustic duo. Wandscher, an original member of the band, would never play or record with Whiskeytown again.

Wandscher's work on the Strangers Almanac album would later secure a record deal for his next band – thanks to a recommendation by Death Cab for Cutie's Chris Walla, who's a big fan of the album.

Less than a month later, Whiskeytown had a new touring lineup and hit the road again. Joining Adams and Cary were ex-Firehose guitarist Ed Crawford, bassist Jenni Snyder, multi-instrumentalist Mike Daly, and the band's original drummer Skillet Gilmore. In January 1998, this lineup taped a live performance for Austin City Limits. They also performed on a number of radio programs, including Mountain Stage, Acoustic Cafe, Modern Rock Live, and KMTT's Music Lounge.

In late April, the band embarked on their very first European tour, but without Crawford or Snyder. The Strangers tour continued in June as the band opened for John Fogerty, again with a new lineup of sidemen for Adams and Cary, including Brad Rice and Danny Kurtz from The Backsliders.

Whiskeytown's ever-evolving lineup would prompt the band to poke fun at itself by selling T-shirts at shows that read: "I Played In Whiskeytown And All I Got Was This Lousy Goddamn T-Shirt!"

In September, having now been on the road since March of the previous year, the band played another scandalous show – this time at the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco. At the end of the show, after experiencing sound problems, a lukewarm crowd, and being told he could not smoke on stage, an upset Adams smashed his mic stand and tossed the monitors off the stage. He then got into an altercation with the venue's security, and was finally dragged away by band member Daly.

By the final show of the tour in October 1998, the band was playing almost an entire set of brand-new, unreleased music, with barely any songs from Strangers Almanac – the very album which had launched the tour nearly two years before.

It would prove to be Whiskeytown's final tour to date.

Original release
All tracks written by Ryan Adams, except where noted.
 * 1) "Inn Town" – 5:51 (Adams, Wandscher)
 * 2) "Excuse Me While I Break My Own Heart Tonight" – 3:14
 * 3) "Yesterday's News" – 2:49 (Adams, Wandscher)
 * 4) "16 Days" – 3:54
 * 5) "Everything I Do" – 4:31 (Adams, Wandscher)
 * 6) "Houses on the Hill" – 2:38 (Adams, Cary)
 * 7) "Turn Around" – 5:16 (Adams, Cary)
 * 8) "Dancing with the Women at the Bar" – 4:38
 * 9) "Waiting to Derail" – 3:54
 * 10) "Avenues" – 2:31
 * 11) "Losering" – 4:00
 * 12) "Somebody Remembers the Rose" – 2:30 (Adams, Wandscher)
 * 13) "Not Home Anymore" – 5:54

Deluxe edition
All tracks written by Ryan Adams, except where noted.

Disc one
 * 1) "Inn Town" – 5:51
 * 2) "Excuse Me While I Break My Own Heart Tonight" – 3:14
 * 3) "Yesterday's News" – 2:49
 * 4) "16 Days" – 3:54
 * 5) "Everything I Do" – 4:31
 * 6) "Houses on the Hill" – 2:38
 * 7) "Turn Around" – 5:16
 * 8) "Dancing with the Women at the Bar" – 4:38
 * 9) "Waiting to Derail" – 3:54
 * 10) "Avenues" – 2:31
 * 11) "Losering" – 4:00
 * 12) "Somebody Remembers the Rose" – 2:30
 * 13) "Not Home Anymore" – 5:54
 * 14) "Houses on the Hill" (Live) (bonus track) – 3:42
 * 15) "Nurse with the Pills" (Live) (bonus track) – 4:40
 * 16) "I Don't Care What You Think About Me" (Live) (bonus track) – 3:18
 * 17) "Somebody Remembers the Rose" (Live) (bonus track) – 2:33
 * 18) "Turn Around" (Live) (bonus track) – 4:26

 * Tracks 14–18 are previously unreleased live in the studio recordings. They were originally broadcast 9/10/97 on "Brave New World", KCRW-FM Radio, Santa Monica, CA
 * Tracks 15 & 16 written by Ryan Adams

Disc two
 * 1) "Indian Gown" – 4:46 (Adams/Wandscher)
 * 2) "16 Days" (Demo) – 3:13
 * 3) "Somebody Remembers the Rose" (Demo) – 2:45 (Adams/Wandscher)
 * 4) "Avenues" (Demo) – 3:34
 * 5) "Excuse Me While I Break My Own Heart Tonight" (Demo) – 2:43
 * 6) "Houses on the Hill" (Early Version) – 2:25 (Adams/Cary)
 * 7) "My Heart Is Broken" – 3:04 (Adams/Cary)
 * 8) "I Still Miss Someone" (Demo) – 2:24 (Johnny Cash/Roy Cash Jr.)
 * 9) "Kiss and Make-Up" – 3:31
 * 10) "Barn's on Fire" – 1:43
 * 11) "Dancing with the Women at the Bar" (Early Version) – 4:28
 * 12) "Dreams" – 5:49 (Stevie Nicks)
 * 13) "Breathe" – 4:07
 * 14) "Wither, I'm a Flower" (from the Hope Floats soundtrack) – 4:53
 * 15) "Luxury Liner" – 2:40 (Gram Parsons)
 * 16) "Theme for a Trucker" (from The End of Violence soundtrack) – 4:29
 * 17) "Streets of Sirens" – 3:44
 * 18) "Turn Around" (Early Version) – 4:02 (Adams/Cary)
 * 19) "10 Seconds Till the End of the World" – 4:15 (Adams/Wandscher)
 * 20) "Ticket Time" – 3:54 (Adams/Wandscher)
 * 21) "The Rain Won't Help You When It's Over" – 4:34 (Alejandro Escovedo)

 * Tracks 1, 6, 7, 10–13, 15, 17, and 19–21: the "Barn's on Fire" sessions.
 * Tracks 2, 3, and 5: the "Baseball Park" sessions.
 * All songs are previously unreleased, except for tracks 14 and 16.

Musicians

 * Ryan Adams – acoustic and electric guitars, vocals, banjo, piano, percussion
 * Phil Wandscher – electric guitar, vocals, organ, percussion
 * Caitlin Cary – violin, vocals
 * Steven Terry – drums, vocals, percussion
 * Jeff Rice – bass guitar

Additional musicians

 * Alejandro Escovedo – vocals
 * John Ginty – piano, wurlitzer electric piano, Hammond b3 organ, church keys
 * Greg Leisz – pedal steel guitar, lap steel guitar, mandolin
 * Curt Bisquera – percussion
 * Bill Ladd – pedal steel guitar
 * Rick Latina – pedal steel guitar
 * Dan Navarro – trumpet
 * Crecencio Gonzalez – trombone
 * Jim Goodwin – alto saxophone
 * Jim Scott – percussion

Production

 * Produced, engineered and mixed by Jim Scott
 * Recorded at Woodland studios, Nashville and Ocean Way studios, Hollywood
 * Mixed at Ocean Way Studios, Hollywood
 * Mastered by Stephen Marcussen at Precision Mastering, Los Angeles.

title: Strangers Almanac


text:
Dunga

Carlos Caetano Bledorn Verri (born 31 October 1963), known as Dunga, is a Brazilian football manager and former professional player who played as a defensive midfielder. Under his captaincy, Brazil won the 1994 FIFA World Cup and he lifted the World Cup trophy. Along with Xavi, he is one of only two men to have played in a World Cup final, an Olympic final, a Confederations Cup final and a continental championship final. He was head coach of Brazil twice. In his first spell from 2006 to 2010, he led them to victory in the 2007 Copa América and the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup, and to the quarter-finals of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, after which he was dismissed by the Brazilian Football Confederation. He was appointed in 2014 for a second time, but Brazil's early exit from the Copa América Centenario led to his dismissal in June 2016. He was also head coach of Internacional in 2013.

His nickname is derived from the Portuguese translation of "Dopey", a dwarf from the Disney version of Snow White, and was given to him by his uncle due to his short height during childhood. It was believed that he would be a short adult and the nickname remained in use even after he grew up and became taller.

Club career
Dunga was born in Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, of Italian and German descent. At the club level, he played for Internacional (1980–84, 1999–2000), Corinthians (1984–85), Santos (1985–87), Vasco da Gama (1987), Pisa (1987–88), Fiorentina (1988–92), Pescara (1992–93), VfB Stuttgart (1993–95), and Jubilo Iwata (1995–98).

International career
Internationally, Dunga played 91 times for Brazil, scoring six goals. His international career began in 1983 at the FIFA U-20 World Cup. Dunga captained the young Brazilian squad, winning the tournament against Argentina in the final. A year later, he helped Brazil to win a silver medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. Dunga then began reaching call-ups to Brazil's senior squad, winning the 1989 Copa América by defeating Uruguay at the Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro.

Dunga was a starter for Brazil at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, during which he was held responsible more so than his teammates for the team's worst campaign at a World Cup since 1966, after a lackluster tournament and the squad's subsequent elimination in the second round by arch rivals Argentina. In the following years, he would be consistently targeted by Brazilian press due to his supposedly "thuggish" style of playing. This period in Brazil's football history was called "Era Dunga", as according to fans and journalists, he symbolized the less-than-thrilling, slow, gritty, direct, and defensive style that the team had adopted in favour of a more exciting attacking style. Dunga played the anchor role in midfield extremely effectively, due to his ability to break down play and subsequently start attacks with his passing. Many other players in this position lunged into tackles and put themselves about, but Dunga rarely went to ground to make a tackle, instead using his anticipation and timing to win challenges and retrieve the ball. Despite his infamous reputation, Brazil's new coach Carlos Alberto Parreira kept Dunga as one of the starting XI throughout the 1994 World Cup Qualifiers and finals.

Raí initially started the 1994 World Cup in the United States as the Brazilian team's captain, but after allegedly being held responsible for Brazil's poor performances early on in the tournament, he was eventually dropped altogether in favour of Mazinho. Dunga took over the captaincy and went on to lift the trophy. Dunga scored the third penalty kick in the shoot-out victory against Italy in the final, following a 0–0 draw after extra-time. According to FIFA.com, the lack of attacking play in the final of the tournament against Italy was in part down to strong holding midfield play by Dino Baggio for Italy, and Dunga and Mauro Silva for Brazil.

Dunga retained the role of the Brazil national team's captain for the next four years until the 1998 FIFA World Cup, in which he participated, despite playing in the Japanese J. League, in what was considered to be a lower standard of competitive football at the time. The 1998 edition of the tournament was notable for the tensions and lack of teamwork within the Brazilian side. It was often visible on the pitch as demonstrated by the fact that Dunga got into a fight with teammate Bebeto in the first round match against Morocco, forcing the rest of the team to break them up. Despite these difficulties, Brazil went on to reach the final of the tournament, where they lost 3–0 to hosts France. En route to the final, Dunga scored his team's fourth penalty kick in the shootout victory against the Netherlands in the semi-finals.

Brazil

On 24 July 2006, Dunga was named as the new national coach of the Brazil national team as a replacement for Carlos Alberto Parreira, despite the fact that he had no prior coaching experience at the professional level. Nonetheless, he made an impressive start with Brazil, winning four of his first five matches.

Dunga's first match in charge was against Norway which was played in Oslo on 16 August 2006; the game ended in a 1–1 draw. His second match was held against archrivals Argentina on 3 September at Arsenal's new Emirates Stadium in London; Brazil won 3–0. On 5 September, Brazil then defeated Wales 2–0 at Tottenham Hotspur's White Hart Lane ground. They later defeated Kuwaiti club Al-Kuwait 4–0, Ecuador 2–1 and Switzerland 2–1.

Dunga did not just look for players at large clubs, but looked at the whole scope of Europe, finding individual talents such as Daniel Carvalho, Vágner Love, Dudu Cearense of Russian club CSKA Moscow and from local Brazilian clubs such as Corinthians, Flamengo and São Paulo.

In 2007, Dunga managed Brazil to their second-straight Copa América title by beating Argentina in the final 3–0, who were heavily favored to win against a weaker Brazil squad. Dunga's squad also won the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup in South Africa on 28 June 2009. The team came back from a 2–0 deficit against the United States to emerge victorious from a Lúcio header in the 84th minute that made the score 3–2.

At the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Brazil made it to the quarter-finals, where they suffered a 2–1 loss to the Netherlands after having led the game 1–0. After Brazil's exit from the competition, Dunga announced he would stand down as coach, but was first dismissed by CBF on 24 July 2010. Dunga's 2010 World Cup selections were criticized by many, including famous Brazilian footballer Pelé. Pelé believed Alexandre Pato and Neymar should have been selected to the squad.

It was announced on 29 August 2011 that Dunga had signed a contract with Qatari club Al-Rayyan as a replacement for Paulo Autuori, but Al Rayyan opted to sign another coach after Dunga stated he was "not sure" about the position.

Internacional
On 12 December 2012, Dunga was confirmed as new coach of Internacional, where he started and finished his career as a player. On 3 October 2013, he was fired after a series of losses left the gaúcho team in disarray.

Dunga served as a commentator for IRIB during the 2014 World Cup.

Return to Brazil
On 22 July 2014, Dunga was announced as the new manager of Brazil, replacing Luiz Felipe Scolari. He returned to the position for the first time since Brazil's exit in the 2010 World Cup.

Dunga's first match in his second reign as Brazil's manager was a friendly match against 2014 World Cup quarter-finalists Colombia at Sun Life Stadium in Miami on 5 September 2014, with Brazil winning the match 1–0 through an 83rd-minute Neymar free-kick goal. Dunga followed this up with wins against Ecuador (1–0), in the 2014 Superclásico de las Américas against Argentina (2–0), against Japan (4–0), against Turkey (0–4), and against Austria (1–2). Dunga continued Brazil's winning streak in 2015 by defeating France 3–1 in another friendly. They followed this with wins against Chile (1–0), Mexico (2–0) and Honduras (1–0).

2015 Copa América
Brazil started the tournament with a tight victory against Peru after coming from behind by 2–1 (with Douglas Costa scoring in the dying moments), followed by a 1–0 defeat against Colombia and a 2–1 victory against Venezuela. In the knockout stage, Brazil faced Paraguay and was eliminated after drawing 1–1 in normal time and losing 4–3 in the penalty shootout. As such, Brazil was unable to qualify for a FIFA Confederations Cup (in this case, the 2017 edition) for the first time in almost 20 years.

Copa América Centenario
Brazil began the tournament with a scoreless draw against Ecuador, with Ecuador having a goal controversially disallowed in the second half. This was followed by an emphatic 7–1 victory over Haiti, with Philippe Coutinho scoring a hat-trick. Needing only a draw to progress to the knockout stage of the tournament, Brazil suffered a controversial 1–0 loss to Peru, with Raúl Ruidíaz scoring by guiding the ball into the net with his arm. This loss, Brazil's first loss to Peru since 1985, saw Brazil eliminated from the tournament in the group stage for the first time since 1987. On 14 June 2016, he was fired by the CBF.

Style of play
During his early career and throughout his mid-twenties, Dunga alternated between playing as a holding-role midfielder and playing a box-to-box role. He was equally as effective playing either role, because he was quite a mobile player with excellent stamina, and therefore could get forward quickly to support his team's attacks, but at the same time he possessed all of the qualities associated with holding-role midfielders (vision, range of passing, solidity in the tackle, etc). However, as he developed beyond his mid-twenties, Dunga gradually became more specialized in the holding-role. His was extremely effective in protecting his team's defensive line, and extremely sure-footed when he tackled. As a defensive midfielder, his level of technique was so well developed that he could often make a tackle and play a layoff to one of his team-mates with the same touch of the ball. A defining characteristic of his play was his economy of technique - he almost always did everything as simply as possible. In a situation where other midfielders might touch the ball 3 or 4 times, Dunga would touch it only twice, a habit made possible because his first touch was so good. He believed in quick circulation of the ball to stretch the opposition's defenders and midfielders, so he passed the ball on quickly rather than dwelling on it. His short passing was almost always flawless, mainly because he was exceptionally composed on the ball when he was being pressured by opponents, and was a master at using his upper-body to shield the ball. He very rarely gave the ball away. In addition, he also showed exceptional vision and pinpoint-accuracy when he made long passes. He possessed the intelligence, the work-rate, and the athletic and technical ability to play as a midfield ball-winner and a deep-lying playmaker rolled into one. He is regarded as one of the greatest defensive midfielders of all time.

Queens Park Rangers dispute
Dunga has an ongoing financial dispute with English club Queens Park Rangers. He claims he loaned £750,000 to QPR as an investor in the club when it was under previous owners, but that the new owners are refusing to give it back. QPR have commented on this issue by saying the cheque he paid to the club bounced, and that he is aware of this fact.

Player
Internacional
 * Rio Grande do Sul State League: 1982, 1983, 1984

Vasco da Gama
 * Rio de Janeiro State League: 1987

Júbilo Iwata
 * J. League: 1997

Brazil U-20
 * FIFA U-20 World Cup: 1983
 * South American Youth Championship: 1983

Brazil
 * FIFA World Cup: 1994
 * FIFA Confederations Cup: 1997
 * Copa América: 1989, 1997
 * Olympic Silver Medal: 1984
 * Pan American Games Silver Medal: 1983
 * South American Pre-Olympic Tournament: 1984

Individual
 * World XI: 1990, 1991
 * FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1994, 1998
 * J. League Most Valuable Player: 1997
 * J. League Best Eleven: 1997, 1998
 * FIFA XI: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
 * Venerdi's 100 Magnifici
 * Golden Foot: 2010, as a football legend
 * Fiorentina All-time XI

Manager
Internacional
 * Rio Grande do Sul State League: 2013

Brazil
 * Copa América: 2007
 * Olympic Bronze Medal: 2008
 * FIFA Confederations Cup: 2009
 * Superclásico de las Américas: 2014

Individual
 * IFFHS World's Best National Coach: 2007

title: Dunga


text:
Talk:List of association football rivalries

afc champions league derby
The Asian derby is a football match between the two prominent clubs Esteghlal Tehran of Iran and Al Hilal Riyath of Saudi. Mohamad12344321 (talk) 00:41, 31 January 2020 (UTC)

Split + forking
The article was approaching nearly 300,000 characters (!) and that was with European clubs already split (into List of association football club rivalries in Europe). Therefore I have split out the article as per WP:SIZESPLIT and precedent into:

 * List of association football club rivalries in Africa
 * List of association football club rivalries in Asia and Oceania
 * List of association football club rivalries in the Americas

I put the two Americas together because:
 * Mexican and Costa Rican clubs sometimes participate in South American club competitions
 * Guyana, Suriname, and French Guyana compete in Caribbean competitions despite being geographically in South America
 * There is a large gap between the Caribbean and Central American clubs anyway, with their own competitions
 * The two sections weren't big enough on their own

I put Asia and Oceania together as:
 * It solves the Australia issue, being geographically, curturally and politically not part of Asia, but they moved from OFC to AFC for footballing/sporting reasons
 * Only New Zealand was listed in the OFC section
 * New Zealand clubs (or club at the moment) participate in the A-league anyway, making them eligible for AFC competitions.

Abcmaxx (talk) 13:17, 27 January 2021 (UTC)

Ferguson-Mourinho
Mostly friendly, initially hotly contested and bitter. One considered other as potential successor apparently, that which was eventually fulfilled. Overlap substantial with United Chels rivalry. 41.58.252.179 (talk) 12:42, 2 June 2022 (UTC)

Other Mou rivalries
Almost every successor/predecessor. And almost every other Italian manager! 41.58.252.179 (talk) 12:47, 2 June 2022 (UTC)

Other Fergie rivalries
Benitez, Keegan etc. 41.58.252.179 (talk) 12:45, 2 June 2022 (UTC)


text:
Museum of Military Medicine

The Museum of Military Medicine, formerly the Army Medical Services Museum (AMS Museum), is located in Keogh Barracks, on Mytchett Place Road, Mytchett, Surrey, England.

History
The museum is based on the "Mytchett Collection", a collection of documents accumulated at the Historical Museum at Keogh Barracks from 1952. The museum moved into its present building in 1981. The collection of the Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps Museum, previously based at the Royal Pavilion, Aldershot, moved to the site in 1994.

The museum changed its name from the Army Medical Services Museum to the Museum of Military Medicine in 2016.

The collection
The museum presently houses the collections of the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) and Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps (QARANC) the Royal Army Veterinary Corps (RAVC) and the Royal Army Dental Corps (RADC). The collections on display include uniforms and insignia, medical, dental and veterinary equipment, ambulances, an ambulance train ward coach and a large medal collection including 23 of the 29 Victoria Crosses awarded to the Army Medical Services. The collection also includes Florence Nightingale's carriage that she used in the Crimea, adapted for carrying stretchers. The museum includes a shop.

Future
In December 2020, plans were approved for the construction of a new building in Cardiff, into which the museum would relocate.

title: Museum of Military Medicine


text:
Ed Bishop

George Victor Bishop (June 11, 1932 – June 8, 2005), known professionally as Ed Bishop or Edward Bishop, was an American actor, predominantly based in the UK. He was known for playing Commander Ed Straker in UFO, Captain Blue in Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons and for voicing Philip Marlowe in a series of BBC Radio adaptations of the Marlowe novels by Raymond Chandler.

Early life
George Victor Bishop was born on June 11, 1932, the son of a Manhattan banker, in Brooklyn, New York. He attended Peekskill High School before a brief spell at teacher training college. Bishop served in the United States Army as a disc jockey with the Armed Forces Radio at St. John's in Newfoundland where he was introduced to acting with the St John's Players.

After leaving the army, Bishop enrolled at Boston University where he initially studied business administration but halfway through the course, transferred to drama, much against his parents' wishes. After graduating in Theatre Arts, he won a Fulbright Scholarship to study for two years at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, from which he graduated in 1959; he almost immediately found work in the British theatre and film industries. He adopted the stage name "Ed Bishop" at this time to distinguish himself from George Bishop, an established actor of the time. His first Broadway appearance was as Villebosse in David Merrick's production of Jean Anouilh's The Rehearsal in 1963, though he returned to Britain in 1964.

Career
Bishop made his film acting debut as an ambulance driver in Stanley Kubrick's 1962 movie Lolita. He played an American astronaut going to the Moon in the film The Mouse on the Moon (1963) and also appeared in The Bedford Incident (1965) and Battle Beneath the Earth (1967). In 1966 Bishop appeared in The Saint (S5,E8 'The Man who Liked Lions'), playing Tony Allard, a reporter friend of Simon Templar's who is murdered after a few lines. He had small speaking roles in the James Bond films You Only Live Twice (1967) and Diamonds Are Forever (1971), but was not included in the film credits for either. He appeared in a second Kubrick film, 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), in which he played the Captain of the Aries 1B Moon shuttle. The role initially featured dialogue but this was later cut from his scenes.

Bishop appeared in various film and television projects created by producer Gerry Anderson. He provided narration, in addition to the voice of Captain Blue, for Anderson's Supermarionation puppet series, Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons (1967), and appeared in Anderson's science-fiction film Doppelgänger (1969). His most prominent screen role was that of Ed Straker in Anderson's science-fiction series UFO (1970–71). Bishop's dark hair was initially dyed blond for the role, though he eventually wore a blond wig instead.

In later years, he appeared in films such as Twilight's Last Gleaming, Saturn 3, Silver Dream Racer, and The Lords of Discipline. He provided vocal work for the 1974 animated TV series of Star Trek, and appeared as Lieutenant Colonel Harrity in the final episode of the British World War II prisoner-of-war drama Colditz. In the 1980s, he made several appearances on The Kenny Everett Television Show, Whoops Apocalypse (he also appeared in the subsequent film), and had a role in the children's television series Chocky's Children.

On radio in 1977 and 1978, Bishop played the private eye Philip Marlowe in The BBC Presents: Philip Marlowe, adaptations of Raymond Chandler's stories for the BBC. The last of these, Farewell, My Lovely, was produced almost a decade after the others, as the rights had previously been unavailable.

He continued to act on film, TV and radio, usually in British and European productions, and was a frequent guest at science fiction conventions. He and fellow Anderson actor Shane Rimmer (a Canadian actor who often worked in the UK) joked about how frequently their professional paths crossed and termed themselves "Rent-a-Yank". They appeared together as NASA operatives in the opening of You Only Live Twice and as United States Navy sailors in The Bedford Incident, as well as the 1983 film of the Harold Robbins novel The Lonely Lady. In 1989, Bishop was reunited with Rimmer and another Anderson actor, Matt Zimmerman, in the BBC Radio 4 adaptation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's A Study in Scarlet. He and Rimmer also toured together in theatre shows, including Death of a Salesman in the 1990s, and they both appeared in the BBC drama-documentary Hiroshima (2005), one of Bishop's last TV projects.

In 2000, Bishop briefly reprised the role of Captain Blue in a trailer for the new Captain Scarlet series. He did not, however, reprise the role for the actual series, which would not debut until five years later. In 2002, he recorded a commentary for the DVD release of UFO. In 2003, he performed in the Doctor Who audio drama, Full Fathom Five, produced by Big Finish Productions.

Personal life
Bishop was politically active, participating in the March 2003 UK protest against the Iraq War. Bishop had already shown his disapproval of the military-industrial complex when, in 1993, he gatecrashed an arms-trade fair held in Aldershot, Hampshire whilst dressed to resemble Augusto Pinochet. During the Aldershot protest he met photographer Jane Skinner, who later became his third wife. Bishop was married three times; first to Jane Thwaites in 1955 before divorcing a few months later in the year. He then married Hilary Preen in 1962; they had four children, they remained married for thirty-four years before divorcing in 1996. He later married photographer Jane Skinner in 2001, the marriage lasted until his death in 2005.

Death

Bishop died on June 8, 2005 at the age of 72, three days before his 73rd birthday, and five days after the death of his UFO co-star Michael Billington. He succumbed to a chest infection contracted while undergoing treatment for leukemia. He is buried in the churchyard of the Parish Church of Saint Lawrence in Napton, Warwickshire, having previously lived there for many years. His grey sandstone tombstone has a peace symbol prominently engraved on it. Its design is very similar to the one situated two metres (6 feet) on the right, which marks the grave of his son Daniel (16 May 1967 – 18 January 1988), who was killed in a car accident in Cumbria. Bishop's epitaph (from Red River Valley) reads: ''From This Valley They Say You Are Going. We Shall Miss Your Bright Eyes And Your Smile.'' He spent the last few years of his life living in West Molesey.

His life and work were honoured at the British Academy Television Awards in May 2006. He was survived by his widow, by three daughters from his second marriage (Georgina, Jessica and Serina).

Discography

 * Jerome Kern: Show Boat, conducted by John McGlinn, EMI, 1988

title: Ed Bishop


text:
User:Serview

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title: User:Serview