text:
Talk:Kirkland, Washington

Juanita high school
My recollection is that Kirkland city limits are somewhere south of 132nd Ave. Juanita HS is on 132nd -- I believe on the north side, but I don't remember exactly. It does have a Kirkland mailing address, but that doesn't mean it's actually inside the city (all of Juanita has Kirkland addresses). Absent firm documentation, it should stay off the list. RadicalSubversiv E 23:18, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I go to Juanita and a good number of my classmates live inside the Kirkland city limits. Though the school isn't strictly within the Kirkland boundries it is close enough and has enough Kirkland students to warrant its inclusion. (Rose Hill Jr. High and Finn Hill Jr. High are in the same situation). The fact that it has a Kirkland adress makes me support its inclusion even more.. more people judge cities based on adress than physical city boundries. Waqcku 22:44, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Juanita High School is fully within the city limits; 132nd ave is the northern border, JHS being on the southern side. Might this dispute have more to do with the biased annexation section? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.18.129.78 (talk) 16:18, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I believe Radicalsubversive should pick up a map prior to taking the time to write the initial entry. Juanita high school is on the south side of 132nd which is the entire northern border of Kirkland (until June 2011). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Klewischef (talk • contribs) 01:35, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

What "fits"
So according to User:Brianhe the web site for a church "does not fit in with other civic/governmental sites here". Funnily enough, I think it fits in with other sites connected to Kirkland which is the subject of the article. I should say that I have no connexion whatsoever with either the town or the church. Richard Pinch 06:21, 23 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Every other link in the list—downtown association, chamber of commerce, etc.—is of general interest to nearly everyone in the community. A link to a particular church does not have this quality.  Kirkland has many churches with web sites; how would we decide which ones belong here?  Wikipedia policy is that links should provide "neutral and accurate material not already in the article", how does this qualify?  External links section should not become a link farm.  I think a link to any particular church is clearly inappropriate for this article.  Brianhe 04:34, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Blue Scholars reference
"The Kirkland Waterfront gives new meaning to a line from "Inkwell", a song by Blue Scholars, which exclaims, "...ain't nothin' better than the Summer in the Northwest..." " the song doesn't really say anything about Kirkland in it's lyrics... opinion? Abcdemily 02:19, 5 March 2007 (UTC)abcdemily
 * I agree, that is out of place in this article. -- Brianhe 04:38, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * So just delete it then? Abcdemily 02:40, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
 * WP:BOLD, i.e. yes. -- Brianhe 03:32, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Population in city box
I noticed the Kirkland city box specifies "urban" and "metro", which seems a bit ridiculous for what is essentially a suburb. I would hardly call Puyallup, for instance, a part of the Kirkland Metropolitan Area, despite the fact that both are in the metropolitan area of Seattle. Likewise, no other cities of comprable size to Kirkland have such distinctions, and no reference is given for the numbers, so I am removing it. Waqcku 23:50, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

On the subject of population, theres this sentence at the start "which made it the sixth largest city in the county and the thirteenth largest in the state.". How could it be the 6th largest in the united states but only the 13th largest in Washington?! This makes no sense! 58.7.71.174 (talk) 06:43, 6 June 2020 (UTC)
 * "County" not "country". Magnolia677 (talk) 11:11, 6 June 2020 (UTC)

Potential Annexation
The annexation section is incredibly biased. In desperate need of a neutral cleanup. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.18.129.78 (talk) 16:20, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree, the biased tone was introduced in my opinion by a 28 June 2007 edit by SaveKirkland. One must assume from the user's name that he or she is connected with the anti-annexation movement.  Be bold and fix it!  -- Brianhe 19:35, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

I'd like to remove some of the history in the Future Annexation section. I don't think Wikipedia needs to be a news history site (even if it's less biased than it was). It doesn't contain (nor should it) blow by blow histories of all the development fights or anything else. We could keep a brief comment about the pending decision. Comments? Pbackstrom (talk) 05:33, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

Affluence
I changed "Kirkland is an affluent city..." to "Kirkland is a city..." It was reverted, but I'm going to change it back per my comment on the editor's user page. Also removing "Kirkland is known for its per capita income and its real estate market" paragraph as Weasel. Per capita income is in Demographics where it belongs. I'll move the ranking sentence down there to pacify anyone who wants it, at least it's factual. Pbackstrom (talk) 17:18, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

Eastside Sun
I modified the Media section (inadvertently unsigned) 5/2/09 to remove opinion and unverified / questionable significance material. My change was reverted 5/8 and slightly modified 5/21 by unsigned parties. I am revising it again for the following reasons: "Seems to enjoy" is an opinion. "It's position as an 'outside voice'" is not a verifyable fact. There is no reference to the "Voice of Independent Media" award -- or the Eastisde Sun -- on the site referred to in the footnote, and Google doesn't turn up anything either. Need valid citation and clarification on what the nomination really is (do you just turn in an application?) "Emphasis on city government" isn't borne up by my reading of the paper -- the vast majority of the articles are about businesses and events. I am moving it below the Reporter because a) the circulation is certainly lower in Kirkland, and b) by their name and their own page they serve other cities besides Kirkland. I read the Sun and have nothing against its existence, just want to keep the Kirkland Wikipedia page factual rather than having promotions and opinions on it (there's no characterizations of the Reporter's content in its entry). The promotional stuff can go on the Sun's own page. Pbackstrom (talk) 15:36, 23 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree with your changes. The The Eastside Sun article is a real mess of self-promotion and uncited assertions (which my attempts to improve were immediately reverted by another anon user in same IP range, hmm...).  Keeping the Kirkland article insulated from these issues is a Good Thing. -- Brianhe (talk) 18:34, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

Censorship by Brianhe
It appears Wik user Brianhe has a problem with either the mention of veterans groups (deletion of VFW and The American Legion in Wikipedia's article on Kirkland, WA) and/or The Eastside Sun (subsection on The Eastside Sun in Wikipedia's article on Kirkland, WA) as he/she is indulging in an edit war with several users. How do we stop this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.172.13.90 (talk) 15:39, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Actually, he's working on improving the article by ensuring that it meets our neutral point of view policy, from my view of the situation. It appears the mention of the VFW and Legion has been intermingled with the edits changing the section on the Eastside Sun. I'll copyedit that a little and see if that works. A note to the IPs who are edit-warring: do not refer to other editors' good-faith edits as vandalism. Tony Fox (arf!) 15:55, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Okay, I took out some of the flowery stuff. I also removed the reference to the "Voice of Independent Media" award, since a Google search turned up no indication that it's a notable award and the reference itself linked only to the main page of Indymedia.com. Tony Fox (arf!) 16:02, 26 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Just happened to see this on WP:EAR and thought I'd chime in. Basically agree with Tony; going to watchlist this one. — e. ripley\talk 02:31, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the support, Tony Fox and E. Ripley. Hoping to avoid any more claims of deviousness:  I removed reference to the VFW post from the article; the VFW "find a post" application http://emem.vfw.org/findpost.aspx only lists a Redmond post, I don't think there is one in Kirkland. Retained American Legion with a citation to their web page. - Brianhe (talk) 04:27, 18 June 2009 (UTC)

Given the history of this article...
...material should not be added without proper referencing, especially when it concerns current events. In fact, since Wikipedia is an encyclopedia and not a newspapers, there's no particular need for the article to be totally up-to-the-minute, so editors should think twice about adding contemporary material, and certainly should not do so without adequate citations to support it. (And the citations will be checked out). As always, any information that is added needs to be written from a totally neutral point of view. Material which does not live up to Wikipedia's core policies (WP:V, WP:NPOV, WP:RS, WP:NOT) will almost certainly be reverted. Ed Fitzgerald t / c 21:32, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

Dance clubs
Do the locations of various dance clubs really need to be listed out in the article? Also, I'm unaware of any clubs in Park Place and none are listed in their directory. -- Brianhe (talk) 03:12, 10 July 2009 (UTC)

As an employee of the Parkplace qfc, i spend a lot of time in the parkplace shopping center, and you are correct. There is no actual dance clubs within parkplace at this time. (it would be fun to have one though LOL) User:klewischef

Notable residents error
Marty O'Donnell lives in Redmond, WA. Someone please get the verification that I am right (I am, I just don't have a means to prove it right now) and update the Redmond article accordingly. In the meantime, his name should be taken down.

75.67.234.87 (talk) 01:56, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

Media Section edits
Noticed the changes to the section and I'm glad someone caught my error sometime ago that attributed the Kirkland Reporter as the Paper of Record. It's actually the Seattle Times, which I'd like to add in here. However, upon reviewing where the edit would go, I was troubled to see some definite WP:SPAM going on IMHO, full of weasel words and the like. I'll go ahead and make the changes and hope they stick. --Happysomeone (talk) 21:53, 13 August 2010 (UTC)

Edit request from Klewischef, 7 December 2010
When listing secondary schools, I believe putting (effective june 2011) should be placed next to the Kamiakin jr high link since it is north of the current city limits until annexation goes in to effect.

Klewischef (talk) 01:42, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

Not done: The Kamiakin Jr. High Website indicates that the address is currently in Kirkland. Unless you have a clear reliable source indicating the school is outside of the city, then it should stay as is. Qwyrxian (talk) 02:05, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

2010 Census
It's 48,787 population in Kirkland in 2010 census. Click to http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/pl94-171.pdf and http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn45.html Thank you! --Ross 24.111.34.170 (talk) 15:07, 11 March 2011 (UTC)

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B.E.S.T high school name change
I'm pretty sure BEST high school's name changed to Emerson High School. The BEST website doesn't load (schools.lwsd.org/best) but the map that has BEST is now Emerson (emhs.lwsd.org) — Preceding unsigned comment added by HarryAllen64 (talk • contribs) 02:11, 19 November 2019 (UTC)

Leschi's hull
The Leschi was steel-hulled, not wooden. --Haruo (talk) 01:49, 28 May 2021 (UTC)

Kirkland Hospital
I was hoping to find out when Kirkland Hospital went out of business. Don't see any historical info of that sort, and no article on either the Hospital or the History of Kirkland. Oh well. --Haruo (talk) 22:18, 15 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Just FWIW and FYI, it appears from other unnamed sources (hearsay on FB Messenger) that it was 1971. --Haruo (talk) 22:23, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Here you go: The Kirkland Hospital opened in 1930 on Kirkland Avenue at Third Street. Its first patient was Lake Washington Shipyard worker William Davis, who had a steel fragment lodged in his jaw. The hospital expanded in 1951 but finally closed in March 1971, replaced by Evergreen Hospital. The Kirkland Hospital's final patient, Clara Davis, was taken out to a nursing home. William Davis, the hospital's first patient 40 years earlier, was her son. Looks self-published so not suitable for the article, but answers your question. Schazjmd   (talk)  22:39, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Adding a ping:   Schazjmd   (talk)  23:03, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Was going to say that this information was already available at the EvergreenHealth article.  Sounder Bruce  23:47, 15 October 2021 (UTC)

Belatedly, thanks, Schazjmd and Bruce. --Haruo (talk) 08:58, 21 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kirkland, Washington


text: User talk:69.49.33.19

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.49.33.19


text:
Rie fu

Rie Funakoshi (舩越 里恵), better known by her stage name Rie fu (リエ フゥ), is a Japanese singer-songwriter and musician. She resides in Tokyo but frequently travels to the United Kingdom, where she is known as Rié, to record and promote her work.

Rie fu's songs are often bilingual, since she is fluent in both English and Japanese. Although most of her songs are primarily sung in Japanese, many feature entire verses written in English. Of her songs written entirely in Japanese, several have later been released as English-language versions.

Personal life
Rie fu was born in Tokyo. From 1992 to 1995, she lived in Maryland with her family, including a younger brother who plays a woodwind instrument. It was during this time that she started playing the piano and gained a lot of musical inspiration, from artists such as Sheryl Crow and 1970s pop musicians such as The Carpenters. She cites Carole King, Joni Mitchell, The Carpenters, and Yumi Matsutoya as influences.

After returning to Japan, Rie finished her primary and secondary education in Tokyo at Aoyama Gakuin from 1995 to 2003. In 2007, she graduated from the Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design of the University of the Arts London in fine art (having shifted in interest from fashion design and graphic design). Upon graduation, she returned to Tokyo, Japan, and has since resided there full-time. Rie often designs much of her own album and single booklets and features her own paintings in them as well.

She is active in both music and art. Her artwork is published under the Roman transliteration "Rie Funakoshi" and her music under "Rie fu," the abbreviation of her full name.

On November 29, 2013, she announced on her Facebook page that she had married a 'funky British gentleman' (the identity of the man in question has not been revealed), presumably sometime recently during the month.

Music career
In 2002, while in high school, Rie fu learned guitar, and almost immediately began coming up with songs and recording them with a small tape recorder. She sent the demo tape off to a record company (Sony) and they signed her to their Palm Beach label.

Her first single, "Rie who!?", featuring the song "decay," was released in March 2004, while she was attending university in London. Later that year, her song "Life Is Like a Boat" was chosen as the first ending theme for the anime series Bleach, garnering her widespread recognition. In 2005 she released her first full-length album, self-titled, and her song "I Wanna Go To A Place..." was used as the Gundam SEED Destiny third ending theme and released as a single. She participated in a track on m-flo's Beat Space Nine album, and embarked on her first nationwide tour in September of that year.

In 2006 she released her second full-length album, Rose Album, and her song "Until I Say" was used as the theme song for the Japanese release of the 2005 British film Heidi. In 2007 her song "Tsukiakari" was featured as the ending theme to Darker than Black. In July upon graduation from university she returned to Japan to live full-time, and released her third full-length album Tobira Album.

In 2008, her song "Home," used as the theme to the Japanese film Koneko no Namida, was released as a single. In March, she released an album in the UK on a British label called Tired & Lonesome, titled "Who is Rie fu?", a compilation of earlier songs with a previously unreleased cover of Joni Mitchell's song "Both Sides, Now". A Japanese release with additional new tracks was planned, as was a continental European release. Neither materialized and the original UK album went out of print, having failed to establish an overseas presence for Rie fu. The following month she switched from Sony's Palm Beach label to its gr8! records label.

In 2009 she released her fourth full-length album, Urban Romantic. Having contributed vocals to all of the songs on Orange Range head Naoto's solo project delofamilia's second album, eddy, she went on tour with the band. She also joined Yōsui Inoue's commemorative 40th anniversary tour, contributing chorus vocals.

Her album, at Rie sessions, was released on March 31, 2010, and is her first self-produced album. Many of the tracks on the album feature duets with other notable singers, and were recorded at Rie fu's home. As of 2011 she is more heavily involved with delofamilia, with it being described as "A band based around Naoto Hiroyama and Rie fu" on the band's Facebook page.

Her song "Anata ga Koko ni Iru Riyuu" was in the anime D.Gray-man for their fifth closing song.

Her first compilation album, I Can Do Better, was released on November 23, 2011.

To celebrate the anniversary of ten years since her debut, Rie undertook a project to produce two consecutive albums titled 'I' and 'O' respectively. The project concept being that the first album 'I' stood for the word 'Inside' and was written from musical inspirations from her years of experiences 'inside' Japan and the Japanese music market. The second album titled 'O' stood for 'Outside' and was written and developed inspired by her developing Asian experiences. Placing the two albums side by side also created the image of the number 10 to mark the occasion and to acknowledge and thank her fans for ten successful years in the industry.

Rié
In May 2016 Rie relocated to the UK launching a new artist name, Rié. Cognizant of differing musical styles in Japan and the UK, Rie chose to continue to release new music in Japan under the artist names of Rie Fu and Rié for the UK respectively. Her reasons for feeling the need to adapt the artist name to suit a different market is explained here.

Rié launched her first three track EP in June 2017, entitled 'Business Trips' it consisted of three new songs sung entirely in English, St Martin, Calling and Business Trips.

European and UK releases
Business Trips EP as Rié June 20, 2017 St Martin Calling Business Trips

title: Rie fu


text:
Joe Spence (footballer, born 1898)

Joseph Waters Spence (15 December 1898 – 31 December 1966) was an English footballer. Manchester United purchased Spence from Scotswood in March 1919. His first game for the club came on 30 August 1919 against Derby County, at the start of the first Football League season after the First World War.

He scored 168 goals and made 510 appearances for Manchester United; at the time of his departure in 1933, both were club records. He was eventually overtaken by Jack Rowley as the club's top goalscorer on 8 March 1952, while his appearances record stood until 11 November 1964, when he was surpassed by Bill Foulkes.

One of United's few true stars between the wars, Spence's wing play made "Give it to Joe" the most commonly heard terrace chant during his 14 years at Old Trafford. His first season brought 14 goals in 32 First Division games, and in his best season at the club, 1927-28 season, he scored 24 goals; 22 in the league and two in the FA Cup. However, United were relegated to the Second Division twice during his 14 years there.

Career
Born in Throckley, Newcastle, the young Spence played for Blucher Juniors and Throckley Celtic. While with the former, he scored an astonishing 42 of the team's 49 goals in his first season. At 13 he began work as a miner and was conscripted into the army at 17, where he served as a machine-gunner.

He guested for Liverpool, Newburn and Scotswood during his years in service and won the Army Cup with his battalion. But in March 1919, the year after the First World War ended, Spence signed for United from north-east amateur side, Scotswood.

He wasted no time making an impact: scoring four in a 5–1 Lancashire Section drubbing of Bury at Old Trafford on his debut. His official debut came in August when the league programme resumed and he was a model of consistency after that, making 510 appearances and scoring 168 goals.

Sadly for Spence, he failed to win any major honours and it was not until he left United in 1933 that he lifted any silverware – the Third Division North championship with Chesterfield, in 1936.

It was his misfortune to be at Old Trafford during some of the most difficult years of the club's history, but in a period when United teams often failed to produce the goods, his entertaining presence was a true highlight.

He left United to join Bradford City in 1933, where he played 75 games in two seasons, scoring 27 goals, including being top goal-scorer in the 1933–34 season. He left City to join Chesterfield in May 1935.

When the Second World War ended in 1945, newly appointed manager Matt Busby brought Spence back to Manchester United in a coaching and scouting role.

Despite his success at club level player, he was capped only twice by England, his chances of regular international recognition not helped by the fact that he spent several seasons playing outside the top flight.

His son, also named Joe, was on the books of Chesterfield, but didn't make an appearance for them before joining York City in 1950. In four years at York, he made 110 appearances before dropping into non-league football with Gainsborough Trinity.

He died on New Year's Eve 1966, at the age of 68.

Honours
Manchester United
 * Football League Second Division promotion: 1924–25

Chesterfield
 * Football League Third Division North: 1935–36

title: Joe Spence (footballer, born 1898)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nokolisp

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 16:43, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

Nokolisp
The non-notable author of this non-notable programming language has already been deleted. Google search for "nokolisp" gets exactly 1 hit, not counting duplicates, this Wikipedia article, and the author's web pages. -- Dominus 23:21, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable, few Google hits and about 20 Usenet hits, all in Finnish. No article on the Finnish Wikipedia though. JoaoRicardo 02:06, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nokocruft, not notable. Consider also placing TNCODE, TNSDL, and Nokobotski to VfD. jni 09:07, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm about to add TNCODE and Nokobotski to this VFD. TNSDL seems to me to be sufficiently notable for inclusion in Wikipedia.  -- Dominus 15:57, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Nokolisp + Nokobotski + TNCODE
Nokobotski and TNCODE also seem to be non-notable vanity additions by the same user. -- Dominus 16:01, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. Grue 13:49, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Thomas Palmer

Thomas or Tom Palmer may refer to:

Politicians

 * Thomas Palmer (Mayor of York) (c. 1219) on list of mayors of York
 * Thomas Palmer, in 1433, MP for Leicestershire
 * Thomas Palmer (MP for Rutland), in 1450, MP for Rutland
 * Thomas Palmer (died 1553), soldier and courtier
 * Thomas Palmer (died 1582), MP for Sussex, Guildford and Arundel
 * Sir Thomas Palmer, 1st Baronet (1540–1626), "The Travailer"
 * Thomas Palmer (1542 – by 1616), MP for Sussex
 * Thomas Palmer (died 1735), British Member of Parliament (MP) for Bridgewater
 * Sir Thomas Palmer, 4th Baronet, of Wingham (1682–1723), MP for Kent 1708–1710 and for Rochester 1715–1724
 * Sir Thomas Palmer, 4th Baronet, of Carlton (1702–1765), MP for Leicestershire 1754–1765
 * Thomas W. Palmer (1830–1913), U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan
 * Thomas Palmer (Florida politician) (1859–1946), lawyer and politician in Florida

Others

 * Sir Thomas Palmer (died 1553), executed English soldier
 * Thomas Fyshe Palmer (1747–1802), Unitarian minister and political reformer
 * Tom Palmer (actor), American television actor particularly active in the 1960s, see "It Crawled Out of the Woodwork"
 * Tom Palmer (animator), American animator
 * Tom Palmer (comics) (1942–2022), comic book illustrator
 * Tom Palmer (comedian), British comedian and actor
 * Tom Palmer (rugby union) (born 1979), English rugby player
 * Tom Palmer (writer), American television writer
 * Tom G. Palmer (born 1956), libertarian commentator and fellow of the Cato Institute
 * Tony Andruzzi (1925–1991), magician who sometimes performed as Tom Palmer
 * Thomas Palmer (cyclist) (born 1990), Australian cyclist
 * Thomas Palmer (burgess), English immigrant to colonial Virginia
 * Tom Palmer (business executive), Australian business executive

title: Thomas Palmer


text: User talk:68.204.249.57

title: User talk:68.204.249.57


text:
Talk:Naval Aviation Observer (Navigation) Badge

This page was moved to reflect the correct name of this insignia; it was originally named Naval Navigation Observer Badge but the correct name of the badge, as per Appendix 20 to United States Naval Aviation 1910–1995 published by the Naval Historical Center, is Naval Aviation Observer (Navigation) Badge. It is worth noting that in Naval and Marine Corps publications the term "badge" is not used for insignia of this type; both service consistantly use the term "breast insignia" in their respective uniform regulations, and consistantly refer to wings and warfare specialty devices as "insignia". Ray Trygstad 23:25, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The only person I ever knew who actually had this badge told me that the World War II Navy guys called it the "Navy Navigator Badge". That was most likley an unoffical name.  I think we should find out what it was actually referred to, since I image the full title with paraenthsis was not used when talking about it in an unoffical sense. -Husnock 20Feb05.


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Stan Pearson

Stanley Clare Pearson (11 January 1919 – 20 February 1997) was an English footballer.

Born in Salford, Lancashire, Pearson was signed by Manchester United as an amateur in December 1935 and turned professional in May 1937. His first senior game came against Chesterfield in 1937. When his career was interrupted by the Second World War, he served with the 2nd/4th Lancashires. He helped United win the 1948 FA Cup (scoring in the final) and 1952 league championship. He retired in 1953 with 148 career goals (good for 9th in team history) in 343 appearances; just two goals behind Ruud van Nistelrooy. During his time at Manchester United, he scored five hat-tricks; four in the league and one in the FA Cup. His first came in a 5–0 victory over Liverpool in 1946, and in the 1948 FA Cup semi-final he scored all the goals when United won 3–1 against Derby County at Hillsborough in Sheffield. His hat-trick against Liverpool in September 1946 occurred at Maine Road (due to bomb damage to Old Trafford), and would be the last hat-trick by a Manchester United player against the Anfield club until September 2010, when Bulgarian Dimitar Berbatov scored all three of United's goals in a 3–2 league win at Old Trafford.

Pearson went on to average more than one goal every two games in three years at Bury before his playing career ended with two years at Chester from 1957 to 1959. At 40 years, 101 days, Pearson remains the oldest player to make a Football League appearance for the club when he played his final match against Crewe Alexandra on 22 April 1959.

Upon his retirement, Pearson was a popular appointment as Chester manager after John Harris moved to Sheffield United. Despite making signings such as his former Manchester United colleague Frank Clempson, Chester struggled during Pearson's reign in charge. After finishing 20th and 24th in successive Division Four seasons, Pearson left the club following a 1–0 home defeat to non-league Morecambe in November 1961 in the FA Cup.

After retiring from football Pearson became sub-postmaster of Prestbury Post Office in Cheshire. He died at Alderley Edge, Cheshire, in February 1997, aged 78.

title: Stan Pearson


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Solar cooker

A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or pasteurize drink and other food materials. Many solar cookers currently in use are relatively inexpensive, low-tech devices, although some are as powerful or as expensive as traditional stoves, and advanced, large scale solar cookers can cook for hundreds of people. Because they use no fuel and cost nothing to operate, many nonprofit organizations are promoting their use worldwide in order to help reduce fuel costs and air pollution, and to help slow down deforestation and desertification.

History
In ancient times, the use of solar energy was believed to have existed in civilizations amidst the Greeks, Romans and the Chinese, though not for cooking.

The first academic description of the principles of a solar cooker is by the Swiss geologist, meteorologist, physicist, and Alpine explorer Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, in 1767. The principle of cooking meals by sunlight was largely developed in the French Foreign Legion, in the 1870s.

Working principles
A mirrored surface with high specular reflection is used to concentrate light from the Sun into a small cooking area. Depending on the geometry of the surface, sunlight could be concentrated by several orders of magnitude producing temperatures high enough to melt salt and metal. Such high temperatures are not really required for most household solar cooking applications. Solar cooking products are typically designed to achieve temperatures of 65 C (baking temperatures) to 400 C (grilling/searing temperatures) on a sunny day.

This light energy is then converted into heat energy. Solar cookers concentrate sunlight onto a receiver such as a cooking pan. The interaction between the light energy and the receiver material converts light to heat and this is called absorption. The conversion is maximized by using materials that absorb, conduct, and retain heat. Pots and pans used on solar cookers should be matte black in color to maximize absorption.

It is important to trap heat energy and reduce convection by isolating the air inside the cooker from the air outside the cooker. Simply using a glass lid on your pot enhances light absorption from the top of the pan and provides a greenhouse effect that improves heat retention and minimizes convection loss. This "glazing" transmits incoming visible sunlight but is opaque to escaping infrared thermal radiation. In resource constrained settings, a high-temperature plastic bag can serve a similar function, trapping air inside and making it possible to reach temperatures on cold and windy days similar to those possible on hot days.

Operation
Different kinds of solar cookers use somewhat different methods of cooking, but most follow the same basic principles.

Food is prepared as if for an oven or stove top. However, because food cooks faster when it is in smaller pieces, food placed inside a solar cooker is usually cut into smaller pieces than it might otherwise be. For example, potatoes are usually cut into bite-sized pieces rather than roasted whole. For very simple cooking, such as melting butter or cheese, a lid may not be needed and the food may be placed on an uncovered tray or in a bowl. If several foods are to be cooked separately, then they are placed in different containers.

The container of food is placed inside the solar cooker, which may be elevated on a brick, rock, metal trivet, or other heat sink, and the solar cooker is placed in direct sunlight. Foods that cook quickly may be added to the solar cooker later. Rice for a mid-day meal might be started early in the morning, with vegetables, cheese, or soup added to the solar cooker in the middle of the morning. Depending on the size of the solar cooker and the number and quantity of cooked foods, a family may use one or more solar cookers.

A solar oven is turned towards the Sun and left until the food is cooked. Unlike cooking on a stove or over a fire, which may require more than an hour of constant supervision, food in a solar oven is generally not stirred or turned over, both because it is unnecessary and because opening the solar oven allows the trapped heat to escape and thereby slows the cooking process. If wanted, the solar oven may be checked every one to two hours, to turn the oven to face the Sun more precisely and to ensure that shadows from nearby buildings or plants have not blocked the sunlight. If the food is to be left unattended for many hours during the day, then the solar oven is often turned to face the point where the Sun will be when it appears highest in the sky, instead of towards its current position.

The cooking time depends primarily on the equipment being used, the amount of sunlight at the time, and the quantity of food that needs to be cooked. Air temperature, wind, and latitude also affect performance. Food cooks faster in the two hours before and after the local solar noon than it does in either the early morning or the late afternoon. Large quantities of food, and food in large pieces, take longer to cook. As a result, only general figures can be given for cooking time. With a small solar panel cooker, it might be possible to melt butter in 15 minutes, to bake cookies in 2 hours, and to cook rice for four people in 4 hours. With a high performing parabolic solar cooker, you may be able to grill a steak in minutes. However, depending on local conditions and the solar cooker type, these projects could take half as long, or twice as long.

It is difficult to burn food in a solar cooker. Food that has been cooked even an hour longer than necessary is usually indistinguishable from minimally cooked food. The exception to this rule is some green vegetables, which quickly change from a perfectly cooked bright green to olive drab, while still retaining the desirable texture.

For most foods, such as rice, the typical person would be unable to tell how it was cooked from looking at the final product. There are some differences, however: Bread and cakes brown on their tops instead of on the bottom. Compared to cooking over a fire, the food does not have a smoky flavor.

Box and panel designs
A box cooker has a transparent glass or plastic top, and it may have additional reflectors to concentrate sunlight into the box. The top can usually be removed to allow dark pots containing food to be placed inside. One or more reflectors of shiny metal or foil-lined material may be positioned to bounce extra light into the interior of the oven chamber. Cooking containers and the inside bottom of the cooker should be dark-colored or black. Inside walls should be reflective to reduce radiative heat loss and bounce the light towards the pots and the dark bottom, which is in contact with the pots. The box should have insulated sides. Thermal insulation for the solar box cooker must be able to withstand temperatures up to 150 °C (300 °F) without melting or out-gassing. Crumpled newspaper, wool, rags, dry grass, sheets of cardboard, etc. can be used to insulate the walls of the cooker. Metal pots and/or bottom trays can be darkened either with flat-black spray paint (one that is non-toxic when warmed), black tempera paint, or soot from a fire. The solar box cooker typically reaches a temperature of 150 °C (300 °F). This is not as hot as a standard oven, but still hot enough to cook food over a somewhat longer period of time.

Panel solar cookers are inexpensive solar cookers that use reflective panels to direct sunlight to a cooking pot enclosed in a clear plastic bag.

Solar Oven science experiments are regularly done as projects in high schools and colleges, such as the "Solar Oven Throwdown" at the University of Arizona. These projects prove that it is possible to both achieve high temperatures, as well as predict the high temperatures using mathematical models.

Parabolic or paraboloidal reflectors
Parabolic solar cookers concentrate sunlight to a single point. When this point is focused on the bottom of a pot, it can heat the pot quickly to very high temperatures which can often be comparable with the temperatures achieved in gas and charcoal grills. These types of solar cookers are widely used in several regions of the world, most notably in China and India where hundreds of thousands of families currently use parabolic solar cookers for preparing food and heating water. Some parabolic solar cooker projects in China abate between 1–4 tons of carbon dioxide per year and receive carbon credits through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Gold Standard.

If a reflector is axially symmetrical and shaped so its cross-section is a parabola, it has the property of bringing parallel rays of light (such as sunlight) to a point focus. If the axis of symmetry is aimed at the Sun, any object that is located at the focus receives highly concentrated sunlight, and therefore becomes very hot. This is the basis for the use of this kind of reflector for solar cooking.

Paraboloids are compound curves, which are more difficult to make with simple equipment than single curves. Although paraboloidal solar cookers can cook as well as or better than a conventional stove, they are difficult to construct by hand. Frequently, these reflectors are made using many small segments that are all single curves which together approximate compound curves.

Although paraboloids are difficult to make from flat sheets of solid material, they can be made quite simply by rotating open-topped containers which hold liquids. The top surface of a liquid which is being rotated at constant speed around a vertical axis naturally takes the form of a paraboloid. Centrifugal force causes material to move outward from the axis of rotation until a deep enough depression is formed in the surface for the force to be balanced by the levelling effect of gravity. It turns out that the depression is an exact paraboloid. (See Liquid-mirror telescope.) If the material solidifies while it is rotating, the paraboloidal shape is maintained after the rotation stops, and can be used to make a reflector. This rotation technique is sometimes used to make paraboloidal mirrors for astronomical telescopes, and has also been used for solar cookers. Devices for constructing such paraboloids are known as rotating furnaces.

Paraboloidal reflectors generate high temperatures and cook quickly, but require frequent adjustment and supervision for safe operation. Several hundred thousand exist, mainly in China. They are especially useful for individual household and large-scale institutional cooking.

A Scheffler cooker (named after its inventor, Wolfgang Scheffler) uses a large ideally paraboloidal reflector which is rotated around an axis that is parallel with the Earth's using a mechanical mechanism, turning at 15 degrees per hour to compensate for the Earth's rotation. The axis passes through the reflector's centre of mass, allowing the reflector to be turned easily. The cooking vessel is located at the focus which is on the axis of rotation, so the mirror concentrates sunlight onto it all day. The mirror has to be occasionally tilted about a perpendicular axis to compensate for the seasonal variation in the Sun's declination. This perpendicular axis does not pass through the cooking vessel. Therefore, if the reflector were a rigid paraboloid, its focus would not remain stationary at the cooking vessel as the reflector tilts. To keep the focus stationary, the reflector's shape has to vary. It remains paraboloidal, but its focal length and other parameters change as it tilts. The Scheffler reflector is therefore flexible, and can be bent to adjust its shape. It is often made up of a large number of small plane sections, such as glass mirrors, joined by flexible plastic. A framework that supports the reflector includes a mechanism that can be used to tilt it and also bend it appropriately. The mirror is never exactly paraboloidal, but it is always close enough for cooking purposes.

Sometimes the rotating reflector is located outdoors and the reflected sunlight passes through an opening in a wall into an indoor kitchen, often a large communal one, where the cooking is done.

Paraboloidal reflectors with their centers of mass coincident with their focal points are useful. They can be easily turned to follow the Sun's motions in the sky, rotating about any axis that passes through the focus. Two perpendicular axes can be used, intersecting at the focus, to allow the paraboloid to follow both the Sun's daily motion and its seasonal one. The cooking pot stays stationary at the focus. If the paraboloidal reflector is axially symmetrical and is made of material of uniform thickness, its centre of mass coincides with its focus if the depth of the reflector, measured along its axis of symmetry from the vertex to the plane of the rim, is 1.8478 times its focal length. The radius of the rim of the reflector is 2.7187 times the focal length. The angular radius of the rim, as seen from the focal point, is 72.68 degrees.

Parabolic troughs
Parabolic troughs are used to concentrate sunlight for solar-energy purposes. Some solar cookers have been built that use them in the same way. Generally, the trough is aligned with its focal line horizontal and east–west. The food to be cooked is arranged along this line. The trough is pointed so its axis of symmetry aims at the Sun at noon. This requires the trough to be tilted up and down as the seasons progress. At the equinoxes, no movement of the trough is needed during the day to track the Sun. At other times of year, there is a period of several hours around noon each day when no tracking is needed. Usually, the cooker is used only during this period, so no automatic Sun tracking is incorporated into it. This simplicity makes the design attractive, compared with using a paraboloid. Also, being a single curve, the trough reflector is simpler to construct. However, it suffers from lower efficiency.

It is possible to use two parabolic troughs, curved in perpendicular directions, to bring sunlight to a point focus as does a paraboloidal reflector.The incoming light strikes one of the troughs, which sends it toward a line focus. The second trough intercepts the converging light and focuses it to a point.

Compared with a single paraboloid, using two partial troughs has important advantages. Each trough is a single curve, which can be made simply by bending a flat sheet of metal. Also, the light that reaches the targeted cooking pot is directed approximately downward, which reduces the danger of damage to the eyes of anyone nearby. On the other hand, there are disadvantages. More mirror material is needed, increasing the cost, and the light is reflected by two surfaces instead of one, which inevitably increases the amount that is lost.

The two troughs are held in a fixed orientation relative to each other by being both fixed to a frame. The whole assembly of frame and troughs has to be moved to track the sun as it moves in the sky. Commercially made cookers that use this method are available. In practical applications (like in car-headlights), concave mirrors are of parabolic shape.

Spherical reflectors

Spherical reflectors operate much like paraboloidal reflectors, such that the axis of symmetry is pointed towards the Sun so that sunlight is concentrated to a focus. However, the focus of a spherical reflector will not be a point focus because it suffers from a phenomenon known as spherical aberration. Some concentrating dishes (such as satellite dishes) that do not require a precise focus opt for a spherical curvature over a paraboloid. If the radius of the rim of spherical reflector is small compared with the radius of curvature of its surface (the radius of the sphere of which the reflector is a part), the reflector approximates a paraboloidal one with focal length equal to half of the radius of curvature.

Vacuum tube technology
Evacuated tube solar cookers are essentially vacuum sealed between two layers of glass. The vacuum allows the tube to act both as a "super" greenhouse and an insulator. The central cooking tube is made from borosilicate glass, which is resistant to thermal shock, and has a vacuum beneath the surface to insulate the interior. The inside of the tube is lined with copper, stainless steel, and aluminum nitrile to better absorb and conduct heat from the Sun's rays. Solar cooking tube systems use a reflector to enhance the thermal energy capturing. There are models of tube cooking system in India which has energy storage devices installed at the bottom of the tube to store heat for cooking or heating food during night.

These vacuum tube solar cookers can cook a meal in as little as 20 minutes.

Advantages

 * High-performance parabolic solar cookers and vacuum tube cookers can attain temperatures above 290 °C (550 °F). They can be used to grill meats, stir-fry vegetables, make soup, bake bread, and boil water in minutes. Vacuum tube type cookers can heat up even in the clouds and freezing cold.
 * Conventional solar box cookers attain temperatures up to 165 °C (325 °F). They can sterilize water or prepare most foods that can be made in a conventional oven or stove, including bread, vegetables and meat over a period of hours.
 * Solar cookers use no fuel. This saves cost as well as reducing environmental damage caused by fuel use. Since 2.5 billion people cook on open fires using biomass fuels, solar cookers could have large economic and environmental benefits by reducing deforestation.
 * When solar cookers are used outside, they do not contribute inside heat, potentially saving fuel costs for cooling as well. Any type of cooking may evaporate grease, oil and other material into the air, hence there may be less cleanup.
 * The thermal efficiency of a typical coal furnace is 15%, where solar cookers boast a thermal efficiency of 65%.
 * Reduces your carbon footprint by cooking without the use of carbon based fuels or grid electricity from traditional sources.

Disadvantages

 * Solar cookers are less useful in cloudy weather and near the poles, where the Sun appears low in the sky, so an alternative cooking source is still required in these conditions. Solar cooking advocates suggest three devices for an integrated cooking solution: a) a solar cooker; b) a fuel-efficient cookstove; c) an insulated storage container such as a basket filled with straw to store heated food. Very hot food may continue to cook for hours in a well-insulated container. With this three-part solution, fuel use is minimized while still providing hot meals at any hour, reliably.
 * Some solar cookers, especially solar ovens, take longer to cook food than a conventional stove or oven. Using solar cookers may require food preparation to start hours before the meal. However, it requires less hands-on time during the cooking, so this is often considered a reasonable trade-off.
 * Cooks may need to learn special cooking techniques to fry common foods, such as fried eggs or flatbreads like chapatis and tortillas. It may not be possible to safely or completely cook some thick foods, such as large roasts, loaves of bread, or pots of soup, particularly in small panel cookers; the cook may need to divide these into smaller portions before cooking.
 * Some solar cooker designs are affected by strong winds, which can slow the cooking process, cool the food due to convective losses, and disturb the reflector. It may be necessary to anchor the reflector, such as with ring and weighted objects like bricks.
 * Intense solar radiation at any focal point or cooking area may produce intense heating and sun burn of any exposed skin accidently moved into the path of the concentrated rays. The radiation is also dangerous to unshielded eyes and may accelerate the formation of cataracts from overexposure of UV radiation.

Projects

Cardboard, aluminium foil, and plastic bags for well over 10,000 solar cookers have been donated to the Iridimi refugee camp and Touloum refugee camps in Chad by the combined efforts of the Jewish World Watch, the Dutch foundation KoZon, and Solar Cookers International. The refugees construct the cookers themselves, using the donated supplies and locally purchased Arabic gum. It has also significantly reduced the amount of time women spend tending open fires each day, with the results that they are healthier and they have more time to grow vegetables for their families and make handicrafts for export. By 2007, the Jewish World Watch had trained 4,500 women and had provided 10,000 solar cookers to refugees. The project has also reduced the number of foraging trips by as much as 70 percent, thus reducing the number of attacks.

title: Solar cooker


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Lemieux

Lemieux may refer to:

 * Lemieux (surname)
 * Lemieux, Ontario, a ghost town in Ontario
 * Lemieux, Quebec, a municipality in Québec
 * Lemieux Island, in the middle of the Ottawa River, National Capital Region, Canada
 * Lemieux Library, Seattle University, Washington, U.S.
 * Lemieux–Johnson oxidation, a chemical reaction named after Raymond Lemieux and W. S. Johnson

title: Lemieux


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User talk:Dopefisher

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.Geni 23:30, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dopefisher


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David Herd (footballer)

David George Herd (15 April 1934 – 1 October 2016) was a Scottish international footballer who played for Arsenal, Manchester United, Stockport County, and Stoke City. His regular position was as a forward where he was a consistent goal scorer.

Stockport County
Herd was born in Hamilton, Lanarkshire but grew up in Manchester as his father Alex was playing for Manchester City and later Stockport County where Herd Jr. began his career. He made his debut on the final day of the 1950–51 season with his father and he scored as County beat Hartlepools United 2–0. His appearances for Stockport were limited by his national service duties. He scored five goals in 12 games in 1953–54 and he attracted the attentions of First Division clubs.

Arsenal
Herd did well enough to attract the attention of Arsenal, who signed him for £10,000 in 1954. Herd made his Arsenal debut on 19 February 1955 against Leicester City. Herd continued to be a bit part player, playing just eight games in his first two seasons at the club, before making his breakthrough in 1956–57, scoring 18 goals in 28 games that season. From then on he was an established goalscorer, being the club's top goalscorer for four seasons straight, from 1956–57 through to 1960–61 – when he hit 29 goals, the most by an Arsenal player since Ronnie Rooke.

However, Arsenal's poor form meant they were nowhere near winning a trophy, the closest coming was a third place in the league in 1958–59. Despite being top scorer in 1960–61, Herd was unsettled at Arsenal due to their lack of success, and he moved to Manchester United in July 1961 for £35,000. In all he scored 107 goals for Arsenal in 180 appearances, making him the club's 15th highest goalscorer.

Manchester United
His first game for United came against West Ham United on 19 August 1961. Herd helped the club to the 1962–63 FA Cup, scoring two goals in the final itself against Leicester City. He also helped them to win the English league championship in 1965 and 1967,.

His first team appearances were limited after he suffered a broken leg in March 1967. Herd was part of the squad that won the 1967–68 European Cup, but he was not selected for the final on 29 May 1968. In all, he scored 145 career goals in 265 appearances (including one substitute appearance), an average of 0.54 goals per game and is currently 13th on the all-time club goalscorers list. He also once scored past three different goalkeepers in one match on 26 November 1966 against Sunderland, as United won the game 5–0.

Stoke City
He left Manchester United in July 1968 for Stoke City on a free transfer. He played 39 games for Stoke in 1968–69 scoring nine goals as Stoke had a poor season narrowly avoiding relegation. In 1969–70 Herd made nine appearances scoring twice and was released at the end of the season.

Waterford United
In December 1970 Herd signed for Shay Brennan at Waterford. He made his league of Ireland debut at Kilcohan Park on 14 December.

International career
He won his first cap for Scotland, on 18 October 1958 against Wales at Ninian Park; Scotland won 3–0. Herd won five caps in total for Scotland between 1958 and 1961, scoring three goals, his last cap coming in a 4–0 defeat by Czechoslovakia on 14 May 1961.

Managerial career
After retiring from playing, he had a stint managing Lincoln City between 1971 and 1972.

Personal life
Born in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Herd was the son of former Manchester City player Alec Herd and the nephew of Scottish international Sandy Herd.

He died on 1 October 2016. Players of former clubs Manchester United and Stoke City wore black arm bands when they played each other the next day. His small, family funeral on 14 October at Middlebie in Dumfriesshire was in the same cemetery as his parents who spent their latter years living in Ecclefechan.

Club

 * A. The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the FA Charity Shield.

Honours
Manchester United
 * Football League First Division: 1964–65, 1966–67
 * FA Cup: 1962–63
 * FA Charity Shield: 1965
 * European Cup: 1967–68

title: David Herd (footballer)


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Ocean Girl

Ocean Girl (known as Ocean Odyssey in the UK) is an Australian science fiction television series aimed for family audiences and starring Marzena Godecki as the lead character. The show is set in the near future, and focuses on an unusual girl named Neri who lives alone on an island, and the friendships she develops with the inhabitants of an underwater research facility called ORCA (Oceanic Research Centre of Australia). The show is an example of deep ecology science fiction.

Ocean Girl inspired an animated series, The New Adventures of Ocean Girl, which ran from 2000 to 2001 and has since been released on DVD. The animated series is in a distinct reboot separate from the original live-action show.

Plot
Neri is a young girl with an affinity for water, the ability to swim long distances and super-human lung capacity. She lives alone on an otherwise deserted island, and sleeps in a nest in a tree. Early in the first series, Neri befriends two Australian boys; Jason & Brett Bates. The Bates brothers live in an elaborate underwater research and environmental protection facility called ORCA (Oceanic Research Center of Australia) located near Port Douglas, Queensland. At the beginning of the series, their mother, Dr. Dianne Bates, has been assigned to ORCA to study whale song in the hopes of facilitating cross-species communication. A significant portion of the series takes place on ORCA itself, and looks at the activities of its inhabitants, which includes the school-aged children of the resident scientists, such as Jason and Brett. Jason discovers Neri while on a whale-tracking expedition with his mother. While attempting to tag a whale using a harpoon from the boat, Jason is startled by a girl (Neri) who appears in the water and positions herself between Jason and the whale, saying "No, no!", Jason freezes and fails to release the harpoon. Dr. Bates rushes out to the ship's deck, grabs the harpoon and tags the whale, albeit missing the intended target area. Dr. Bates is furious with Jason and doesn't believe his story about a girl appearing in the water. No one believes Jason at first and he is ridiculed by the other children on ORCA. Brett is the second character to know of Neri's existence. Brett and Jason's friendship with Neri is at first a highly guarded secret due to Neri's fear of other humans.

As the series progresses, it is revealed that Neri came to Earth on a spaceship with her father when she was young, though his death soon after the ship's crash left Neri to fend for herself. Prior to meeting Jason and Brett, Neri's only friend was a humpback whale (a jali in Neri's native tongue) whom she names "Charlie" and with whom she can communicate. Later in the series, Neri's curiosity leads her to explore ORCA, while Dr. Bates' study of Charlie's whale song helps her identify Neri as the intended recipient of that song. Eventually, Dr Bates and her assistant, Dr. Winston Seth, become embroiled in Jason and Brett's effort to keep Neri a secret, while also performing numerous tests on Neri to understand how she's able to communicate with whales.

At the same time that the Bates family learn about Neri, a rival research organisation, the UBRI Corporation, are introduced. Headed by the sinister Dr. Hellegren, UBRI have learned that a spacecraft landed somewhere in the vicinity of ORCA, and begin their own search for any personnel that may have survived. Simultaneously, they work on other projects which threaten the natural ecology of the ocean around ORCA. Eventually, they put in play an effort to build the so-called "ORCA City", an elaborate underwater construction that will likely eradicate much of the natural life on the seabed. In response, Dr. Bates's mission changes over the course of the series from cetologist to environmental protectionist. This role becomes more prominent beginning with the third series, when UBRI representatives establish themselves on board ORCA. Accordingly, the series shifts to a more serious tone in its later series.

As Neri gradually discovers more of her island and ORCA, she also begins to understand her greater purpose. This self-awakening is particularly enhanced by encounters with others of her kind. In the second series, she discovers her sister, Mera, and the two are given the opportunity to return to their home planet. Mera avails herself of this option, but Neri stays, feeling that she must discover what her father was trying to do on Earth. In the third series, she gains entry into the downed spacecraft that originally brought her to Earth. There, she finds another of her people in suspended animation. The new character, Kal, proves to be the son of the commander of the vessel, and helps her tap into the ship's memory core. She finds the ship's log, in which Kal's mother explains that Neri's father was to repair the damage done to Earth's oceans with an advanced device called the Synchronium. She then dedicates her life to her father's cause, giving her a genuine sense of purpose that she had perhaps lacked earlier in the series. Kal grows jealous of the strong bond between Neri and Jason Bates, and begins hating Neri's friends on ORCA. As protest, Kal leaves the island. Neri and her ORCA mates go looking for him, but are unable to find him as he's been captured by UBRI. UBRI tricks Kal into believing that the male should lead (as he had been indoctrinated into the matriarchal social mores of his people), and he creates an alliance with Dr. Hellegren to steal the Synchronium pieces that Neri and Mera have hidden in a secret cave.

When the rebellion in the Ocean World is growing, Mera escapes to Earth and is reunited with Neri. But PRAXIS sees this pyramid as a danger to the Earth. Much of the final series is thus concerned with PRAXIS' attempt to attack the pyramid, as well as with a "Red Virus" which is spreading in the oceans of Neri's home world, the Ocean Planet. Eventually, in the series finale, Jason, Brett, and Neri are able to repulse PRAXIS' efforts and the rebellion, and Earth is saved. Neri remains on Earth as the ambassador of the Ocean Planet, and she and Jason finally become a couple.

Production
As Neri begins her father's mission, she is drawn farther and farther away from her island. Beginning in the middle of the third series, some episodes are primarily based on land. By the fourth series, some episodes are set in Egypt, and her father's quest eventually leads her back to the "Ocean Planet", her home planet. Most of the plots involving the secondary kids on ORCA are reduced in the final series, in order to allow for greater exploration of Neri's home world. Several new characters of Neri's species are introduced. Likewise, the threat of UBRI fades, to be replaced by a new organization, PRAXIS (Preventative Response and eXtraterritorial Intelligence Service) and by rebels on the Ocean Planet. This group is dedicated to protecting against any threats posed by extraterrestrial life, and its agents come to believe Neri and her people are a problem for Earth. They thus chased Neri and the Bates boys around the world. When a mysterious underwater pyramid is discovered in the ocean, Neri and the Bates boys enter it and discover more about the Ocean Planet, and Neri's mission on Earth.

While the primary cast gets new motivations by UBRI's move to ORCA and Kal's appearance on the island, the secondary cast radically changes at the outset of the third series. All of the original kids are replaced by a new crew, and more adults are added to the ORCA staff.

The Bates family, Winston, Neri, Charlie, and the ORCA computer H.E.L.E.N. (Hydro Electronic Liaison ENtity) are the only constant characters for the show's entire run. However, the part of Dr. Bates is recast with Liz Burch after the second series and H.E.L.E.N. is "upgraded" in the fourth and final series.

Main cast

 * Marzena Godecki as Neri (series 1–4)
 * The title character and main protagonist of the series. Neri is an alien from the planet known as the Ocean Planet. She is the carrier of the "Gift" she inherited from her mother that enables her to talk with the humpback whale designated as "Charlie" (it is revealed in the second series that when Neri fell from a cliff as a child and the whale rescued her, Neri had somehow passed the "Gift" to the whale), superhuman strength, the ability to breathe underwater for long periods of time, swim to great depths and the ability to heal, stop people from dying and put people to sleep. As the series progresses she becomes the main love interest of Jason Bates.
 * David Hoflin as Jason Bates (series 1–4)
 * The oldest son of Dr. Dianne Bates and brother to Brett Bates. He is one of the protagonists of the series. Unhappy with his mother's transfer to ORCA, Jason is the first person to learn about Neri, as she reveals herself to him to protect Charlie when his mother is trying to put a tracker on the whale to study his song. As the series progresses, Jason becomes extremely protective of Neri and the leader of each group of kids who stay at ORCA and discover Neri to stop UBRI when they capture Charlie and preventing them from capturing Neri and Mera and PRAXIS. He eventually starts developing romantic feelings for Neri and becomes her love interest.
 * Jeffrey Walker as Brett Bates (series 1–4)
 * Youngest son of Dr. Dianne Bates and brother of Jason Bates. Brett is portrayed as a bit of a troublemaker and, unlike his brother, Brett is much more accepting of his mother's transfer to ORCA and after discovering Neri, Brett, like his brother becomes extremely protective of her and helps aid in stopping UBRI and PRAXIS. It is hinted during the second season that Mera is meant to be his love interest, though this is never fully explored.
 * Alex Pinder as Dr. Winston Seth (series 1–4)
 * Dr. Dainee Bates' assistant on ORCA. He is portrayed often making random metaphors depending on the difficulties the Bates family and Neri faces. At first him and Dr. Bates are unaware that it is Neri that they are hearing having a conversation with Charlie and as they upgrade their equipment they eventually start learning more, though at first not suspecting that it is a girl the whale is talking to but an unknown mammal. When Neri is discovered, Winston also helps protect her and keeps her abilities secret out of fear of the harm that will be done to her by other scientists if she is discovered.
 * Kerry Armstrong (series 1–2) and Liz Burch (series 3–4) as Dr. Dianne Bates
 * The mother of Brett and Jason, Dianne first comes to ORCA to try and learn to communicate with whales by studying the whale songs of the lone male humpback whale in the vicinity of ORCA. While at first unaware of Neri and Charlie's connection and ability to communicate, upon discovering Neri, she becomes completely obsessed with her and constantly puts Neri through a series of test trying to understand how Neri communicates with Charlie until Jason points out that Neri looks to her as family, as Neri begins to see Dianne as a mother figure. She begins to lighten up and becomes very motherly with Neri and starts to see her as a daughter. She even becomes very protective of Neri. In the second series, she switches her focus from learning to communicate with Charlie to making a dictionary of the different types of sounds he makes, with Neri's help. After the discovery of Mera, she would become a mother figure for Mera as well. In the third series, both her attempts to communicate with whales and producing a whale dictionary are dropped for unknown reasons and she is made the new environmental officer of ORCA. In the fourth series she is promoted to the commander of ORCA.
 * For unknown reasons, after the second series, Dr. Bates is recast.

Reoccurring

 * Nicholas Bell as Dr. Hellegren (series 1–3)
 * Head of UBRI and the main antagonist of the first three series. In series one, he has one of his staff infiltrated ORCA to steal Dr. Bates' recordings and uses them to capture Charlie. In the second series, after crashing his plane in the ocean near ORCA trying to locate Charlie after his return from migration, he is rescued by Neri and after she escapes him, he becomes completely obsessed with discovering who Neri is, even realizing that she is the one who can communicate with the whale. He also takes a keen interest in Mera, Neri's sister, and when Jason and a group of kids from ORCA help Mera escape from his clutches, he becomes not only obsessed but determined to track down both Neri and Mera for his own personal gain. In the third series, UBRI makes the highest bid for construction of ORCA City, the first ever underwater civilization, and upon learning about Kal (who he captures and brainwashes to help him) and the Synchronium, he becomes completely unhinged and mad with the idea of obtaining its power to control the ecosystem. It is also revealed in the third series that he has a daughter named Lena, who, after her mother died, he has been shipping off to different boarding schools and ski vacations due to his main focus being his work for UBRI and having no time to raise her. Lena, upon learning of her father's inhumane treatment of ocean life and the ecosystem, turns on him and runs away to ORCA to help protect Nera and stop her power hungry father. Hellegren feels betrayed by his daughter but during the climax of the final episode, when Lena jumps into the ocean to sacrifice her life to stop him from using the Synchronium, his love for his daughter finally snaps him out of his lust for power. He is last seen stranded with Lena on an island and she sits down next to him and takes his hand to hold it and he is seen smiling at her finally at peace and happy and content with just having her at his side.
 * Dr. Hellegren only appears in the final three episodes of series one, while in series two and three he's a reoccurring character.
 * Lauren Hewett as Mera (series 2–4)
 * Neri's long lost sister who was introduced in the second series. When the spaceship carrying Neri and her family to Earth has technical issues and begins to descend, Neri and Mera's father (who feared that Mera would not survive the crash as she was only a baby at the time) put Mera into a pod and ejected it from the ship, however, due to the ship heading to crash land in the Pacific Ocean, was unable to follow its trajectory. She was eventually found floating in the ocean and was taken into the foster care system where she was constantly moved from home to home as the foster parents did not want to deal with her odd behaviors, particularly her insistence on taking long baths or showers. She was eventually put into an institute for gifted children where she attracted the attention of Doctor Hellegren. However before he could have her taken to UBRI, Jason and the other kids from ORCA convince her to come with them to meet Neri. Mera, at first, has trouble adjusting to her new life and identity, becoming very unhappy and depressed, as well as regretting her decision to come to stay with Neri on Neri's island. With the help of Neri, Mera begins to unlock "Gift" both her and Neri inherited from their mother, even eventually being able to communicate with Charlie and finally is happy as she starts to feel like she's found where she belongs. However, after UBRI's failed attempt to capture both Neri and Mera, Mera becomes unhappy and depressed again because of how she feels that UBRI will not ever stop chasing her or Neri and being trapped in ORCA to stop any further attempts of capture. When a man and a woman of their people from the Ocean Planet appear and offer to take them back to their home planet, Mera agrees to go with them. She eventually returns to Earth to help Neri in her quest for the Synchronium pieces and stop the destruction of both the Earth and the Ocean Planet during the third series and in the fourth series she returns once again after fleeing the Ocean Planet due to uprising by rebels upset at what is happening to their planet by a spreading red virus and once again helps Neri to stop the destruction of both the Earth and the Ocean Planet.
 * At an unspecified point during Mera's time in the foster care system, she was given the name "Jane Seaforth".
 * Mera does not appear in the first four episodes of series two. In series three, Mera is briefly seen in episode 13 and makes her full return in episode 21 until the character leaves at the end of the series finale. In series four, Mera is not seen or makes any appearance in the first 13 episodes and returns in episode 14 onwards.

Other cast
While Ocean Girl featured the ensemble cast listed above, there were several characters who appeared for one series each, with four children appearing in two series each (three in series 1 and 2, one in series 3 and 4) as well as a few adults appearing in more than one series. Most of the cast changes were explained by their "friends" (or rather, their parents) having been transferred back to shore, with the exception of series 4, where it was not noted at all.
 * Jeremy Angerson as Kal (series 3)
 * Brooke "Mikey" Anderson as Cassandra "Cass" Clayborn (series 3–4)
 * Gregory Ross as Paul Bates (series 4)
 * Tharini Mudaliar as Shersheba (series 4)
 * Rhona Rees as Ilona (series 4)
 * Terry Serio as Captain Sam Phillips (series 2)
 * Pamela Rabe as Commander Byrne (series 2)
 * Joel De Carteret as Froggy (series 1-2)
 * Cassandra Magrath as Zoe (series 1-2)
 * Jacalyn Prince as Vanessa (series 1-2)
 * Joelene Crnogorac as Lena Hellegren (series 3)
 * William McInnes as Commander Lucas (series 1)
 * Verity McIntyre as Morgan Clayborn (series 3-4)
 * Nina Landis as H.E.L.E.N. (voice only; series 1-4)
 * Petra Yared as Patti (series 3, episode 16)
 * Caitlin McDougall as Caitlin McDougall (series 2)
 * Anthony Hawkins as Searcher #1 (series 2, episodes 11-13) and Male Elder (series 4, episodes 14 & 16)

Broadcast history
The original Ocean Girl series ran on Australia's Network Ten between 1994 and 1997. Internationally, it was broadcast by The Disney Channel in the United States, Discovery Kids in the United Kingdom, YTV and Radio-Canada in Canada, TV Nova and Supermax in the Czech Republic, Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation in Sri Lanka, TRT 1 in Turkey, TSI in the Italian part of Switzerland, ZDF and KI.KA in Germany, on RTÉ One and RTÉ Two in Ireland, on RTL 4 in the Netherlands, on (TV2) in Denmark, on NRK and TV2 in Norway, on Fox Kids in Latin America, on TVP 1 (Poland), on TV4 in Sweden, on Canal Panda in Portugal, on Arutz HaYeladim and IETV in Israel, on ZBC in Zimbabwe, on ATV World in Hong Kong, on TV3 in Malaysia, on Channel 2 in Jordan, on Sjónvarpið in Iceland, on Premiere 12 in Singapore, on KBC in Kenya, on NBC in Namibia, on IBC in Thailand, France 2 and Canal J in France, on Duna in Hungary, TV3 in Ghana, on DTV Channel 8 in Guyana and on Channel 33 in the United Arab Emirates. The Disney Channel began airing the series on 3 October 1994, but only aired the first three series; the last was not broadcast. Discovery Kids regularly broadcast all four series in continuous loops until 2003. The first two series were also broadcast in South Africa by the SABC at the same time as in Australia.

In the UK, the show was broadcast under the title Ocean Odyssey on BBC Two. It was aired in 1996, with a subsequent re-airing in 2002, although for unknown reasons this airing halted before Series 4 was complete. In 2004, the entire series was re-aired in full.

In Vietnam, it was aired on VTV3 twice through from 1998 to 1999 and had a total 81 episodes (instead of 78). It is unknown why this was done, but presumably scenes from several episodes were edited out and made into extra installments.

In recent years, the show was repeated on the ABC in Australia, as part of their ABC Kids afternoon block of children's programs. The series began airing in 2011 on children's channel ABC3.

In Perth, the series screens on West TV on Sundays at 5:30pm, with encore screenings the following Saturday at 11:30am.

Critical reception
Common Sense Media gave the show a rating of 4 out of 5 stars, saying "The plot is almost as complex and twisty [as Lost]...the action is crackling and nonstop, the mysteries are many, and the lead character, Neri, is enchanting. Any scenes where she appears are pretty much guaranteed to be cool." The show was given a user rating of 8.3 out of 10 on TV.com based on 132 votes.

DVD releases
All four series of the series have been released on DVD by Umbrella Entertainment in Australia (region 4).

Ocean Girl: A New Generation
It was announced in 2013 among Johnathan M. Shiff Productions' upcoming series projects included a Series titled Ocean Girl: A New Generation. No further information is known as to how it will relate to the original series.

title: Ocean Girl


text:
Gradiva

Gradiva, or "She who steps along", is a mythic figure created by Wilhelm Jensen as a central character in his novella Gradiva (1902). The character was inspired by an existing Roman relief. She later became a prominent subject in Surrealist art after Sigmund Freud published an essay on Jensen's work.

Origins
The character first appeared in Wilhelm Jensen's eponymous novella Gradiva. In the novella, the protagonist is fascinated by a female figure in an ancient relief and names her Gradiva, Latin for "she who steps along". The name is also believed to be an homage to Mars Gradivus, the Roman god of war.

Early after Gradiva 's publication, psychoanalyst Carl Jung recommended the novella to his colleague Sigmund Freud. Freud found the narrative compelling, and published his influential essay titled Delusion and Dream in Jensen's Gradiva (German: "Der Wahn und die Träume in W. Jensen's Gradiva") in 1907. Afterwards, he exchanged a few letters with Jensen, who was "flattered by Freud's analysis of his story".

Description
The relief is a neo-Attic Roman relief, which is likely a copy of a Greek original from the 4th century BCE. The full relief has three female figures identified as the so called Horae and Agraulids: Herse, Pandrosus and Aglaulos. The relief was reconstructed by archaeologist Friedrich Hauser from fragments found in multiple separate museum collections.

The Gradiva fragment is held in the collection of the Vatican Museum Chiaramonti, Rome. The rest of the relief is on display in the Uffizi Museum in Florence.

Allusions in popular culture
Salvador Dalí nicknamed his wife, Gala Dalí, "Gradiva". He utilized the figure of Gradiva as inspiration in a number of his paintings, for which his wife often served as the model. These paintings included Gradiva (1931), Gradiva finds the ruins of Antropomorphos (1931), William Tell and Gradiva (1931).

Gradiva inspired other Surrealist paintings as well. One such example, Gradiva (1939) by André Masson, explores the sexual iconography of the character.

In 1937, the Surrealist author André Breton, credited with being a leader of the movement, opened an art gallery on the Rive Gauche called the Gradiva. The studio was designed by Marcel Duchamp, who created the iconic door in the shape of the Gradiva accompanied by a male figure.

The short art film Gradiva Sketch 1 (1978, camera: Bruno Nuytten) by the French filmmaker Raymonde Carasco was described as “a poetic construction about the fetishization of desire, one that seems to go against Freud's reading: the gracious movement of the maiden's foot is seen to be the object itself, not a mere referent, of male desire”.

In 1986, the French Surrealist writer and ethnographer Michel Leiris, together with Jean Jamin, founded Gradhiva, an academic journal covering topics in anthropology. Since 2005, it has been published by the Musée du quai Branly in Paris.

title: Gradiva


text:
Laurenus Clark Seelye

Laurenus Clark Seelye (September 30, 1837 – October 12, 1924), known as L. Clark Seelye, was the first president of Smith College, serving from 1873 to 1910. He graduated from Union College (NY) in 1857 with Phi Beta Kappa honors and membership in The Kappa Alpha Society. Seelye later studied at Andover Theological Seminary and the Universities of Berlin and Heidelberg. After serving as a Congregational Minister in Springfield, Massachusetts, he became Williston Professor of Rhetoric, Oratory and English Literature at Amherst College, where his brother Julius was Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy. Under President Stearns, Amherst College in 1865 had 17 faculty and 203 students. Seelye taught at Amherst from 1865 until his election as President of the newly formed Smith College in nearby Northampton, Massachusetts in 1873.

Family
Seelye was born on September 20, 1837, in Bethel, Connecticut, to Seth Seelye (b Feb 28, 1795; d March 26, 1869) and Abigail (Taylor) Seelye. He is the brother of Julius Hawley Seelye, the fifth president of Amherst College.

Seelye married Henrietta Chapin, daughter of Lyman and Harriet (Sheldon) Chapin, of Albany, on November 17, 1863. They had seven children: Ralph Holland, Harriet Chapin (who would marry Benjamin Rush Rhees) Abigail Taylor, Arthur, Walter Clark, Henrietta, and Bertram.

Career
On July 10, 1873, Seelye accepted the office of President of Smith College from the Smith College board of Trustees. The college admitted its first students in 1875, and officially opened on September 9 of that year. There were 14 students (11 of whom graduated) and 4 faculty, including Seelye.

Smith College had been chartered in 1871, with the main endowment coming from the estate of Sophia Smith, whose will had stipulated that the money be used to found a college for women. It aspired to be the first educational institution which would give young women the same academic and intellectual training that men received at other colleges. The idea of the intellectual and academic equality of women and men was popular in some progressive circles, but was by no means widespread at the time. Thus Seelye, in addition to being President, teacher, fund-raiser, and chief financial officer for the new college, also needed to spend time repeatedly defending the principles upon which the college had been founded. A measure of his success, and of the changing times, may be seen in the fact that, when he retired, the Smith College enrollment had grown from 14 to 1635, and the number of faculty had increased from 4 to 105.

Retirement
Seelye officially retired from his presidency of Smith College on June 14, 1910, at age 73, after 37 years of service. He continued to reside in Northampton, Mass, moving out of the President's House and into a house on Round Hill. He remained active in the civic affairs of Northampton; he was on the board of directors of the People's Institute and was a trustee of the Clarke School for the Deaf, which is now The Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech. He was a member of the first board of superintendents of the Smith Agricultural School, and when the Red Cross formed a chapter in Northampton he was its first president. He had been a director of the Holyoke Water Power Company, and in 1910 he became vice president.

He was active in the local Congregational Church, serving on church committees and preaching an occasional Sunday sermon. As President Emeritus, he was active in the social and ceremonial life of Smith College, and was a fixture at the annual Commencement exercises.

Seelye died on October 12, 1924.

title: Laurenus Clark Seelye


text:
Talk:Ocean Girl

First UK broadcast
Article suggests that the initial UK broadcast was on YTV and that BBC 2 came years later, but I have a journal from August 1996 that mentions seeing Ocean Odyssey on standard British TV (so presumably BBC 2, but might also have been BBC 1, ITV or Channel 4); so there must have been a broadcast that isn't mentioned here.
 * It was aired on BBC2 in the late 90s although I don't remember the date exactly.--NeilEvans 22:44, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Marzena Godecki
What happened to her? She played the main character (Neri) but it seems her career have stopped after Ocean Girl. Does anyone know what happened to her? PMLF 05:04, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

She did a short introduction and two audio commentaries for the first season DVD released in Australia together with David Hoflin. As far as I remember she did not mention anything about her career after Ocean Girl, though. 19:16, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

 * On IMDB it is said, that she quit acting after "Ocean Girl" and became a designer for surf-wear. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.214.117.160 (talk) 01:32, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Missing details
Seem to be missing later plot details, I can't remember them but I know she had a sister with her at one stage as well. If anybody can remember.. --DanielBC 10:48, 12 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Tried to rewrite synopsis so as to include those later plot details.  Czech Out  ☎ |  ✍  06:54, 18 June 2009 (UTC)

UK title change
Anyone know why it was changed? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 86.136.250.108 (talk) 03:06, 21 March 2007 (UTC).
 * It wasn't changed, it was always Ocean Odyssey in the UK. To be blunt, Ocean Odyssey sounds (to me) a lot better than Ocean Girl. The Islander 21:53, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

Was it definitely called "Ocean Odyssey" in the UK? I remember watching it in Ireland on terrestrial TV & it was called Ocean Girl. Strange that it was released in Ireland as Ocean Girl if it was Ocean Odyssey in the UK! Everytime (talk) 20:25, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes it was definately broadcast under the title Ocean Odyssey in England. By Ireland, do you mean ROI or Northern Ireland? If so, maybe that would explain why the original title was kept whn transmitted there.--NeilEvans (talk) 21:03, 11 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I meant ROI. It was definitely broadcast as "Ocean Girl" on RTE (the ROI's National Broadcaster). Strange, I'd have thought that UK/IRE would have been bunched together for the name change be it for cultural or copyright reasons! Everytime (talk) 23:48, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Broadcasting in Poland
Ocean Girl was also shown in Poland under title "Dziewczyna z oceanu", on TVP1 - polish public broadcaster and Cyfra+ (digital satellite platform) childrens ZigZap (previously Minimax) channel. All series, with lector. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.26.245.157 (talk) 01:41, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Screenshot
Someone requested a screenshot. You may use this one (http://img233.imageshack.us/img233/8449/00000035dt1.png) taken from the first season DVD (episode 3) around 18min 50sec. You can see the three main characters (from left to right) Neri, Brett, Jason on Neri's island looking for Neri's friend Charley. Unfortunately I'm not a "Wikipedian" so I don't know how to add this copyrighted picture correctly. Maybe someone else (the one who added the request above?) could do that. Thanks. --84.134.253.142 (talk) 10:00, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the screenshot, it has been added to the page.--NeilEvans (talk) 19:37, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Based on a book
There's no mention of the original book on here or IMDB. It was written by Peter Hepworth.14.201.111.133 (talk) 07:04, 13 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ocean Girl


text:
Tony Dunne

Anthony Peter Dunne (24 July 1941 –8 June 2020) was an Irish footballer who played as a left-back. Born in Dublin, he began his career with youth side Stella Maris before signing for Drumcondra-based Shelbourne, with whom he won the FAI Cup in his second year in the senior team in 1960. That year, he moved to England to play for Manchester United, for whom he made more than 500 appearances in 13 years, winning the First Division in 1965 and 1967, the FA Cup in 1963 and the European Cup in 1968. After being released in 1973, he signed for Bolton Wanderers, making another almost 200 appearances in six years, before playing a single season with the Detroit Express in the North American Soccer League in 1979. Dunne won 33 caps for the Republic of Ireland between 1962 and 1975, and was named Irish Footballer of the Year in 1969. After retiring, he had a brief spell as manager of Norwegian club Steinkjer FK in 1982–83.

Early career
Born in Dublin on 24 July 1941, Dunne played for Stella Maris as a schoolboy and Shelbourne from 1958 to 1960. Having helped Shelbourne win the FAI Youth Cup in 1959, he won the FAI Cup with them the following year, beating Cork Hibernians 2–0 in the final.

Manchester United
A week after the final, on 26 April 1960, he was signed by Manchester United for £5,000 as cover for Noel Cantwell and Shay Brennan. His debut for United came against Burnley on 15 October 1960, playing at left-back alongside Maurice Setters. He helped Manchester United win the FA Cup in 1963, and the First Division title 1965 and 1967. His highest honour came as part of the side that won the 1968 European Cup, beating Benfica 4–1 in the final. This was despite having ruptured his Achilles tendon in the quarter-final of the competition against Gornik Zabrze.

He made 535 appearances for Manchester United, behind only Bobby Charlton and Bill Foulkes at the time of his departure in 1973.

Bolton Wanderers
Dunne was released by Manchester United following the 1972–73 season, and signed for newly promoted Second Division side Bolton Wanderers in August 1973, though he returned to Manchester United for a testimonial match two months later. In six years with Bolton, he made almost 200 appearances and helped them win the Second Division in 1977–78.

Detroit Express
He joined Detroit Express in the North American Soccer League (NASL) in 1979.

International career
He made his full international debut in the 3–2 home defeat by Austria on 8 April 1962. Over 13 years, he earned 33 caps, appearing in both full-back positions and at centre-half. He captained his country on four occasions. He was named Irish Footballer of the Year in 1969.

Management career
After retiring from professional football, Dunne returned to Bolton as an assistant manager from 1979 to 1981; he then replaced his former Manchester United teammate Bill Foulkes as manager of Norwegian club Steinkjer FK in 1982–1983.

Personal life
Dunne lived in Sale and ran a driving range in Altrincham.

He died on 8 June 2020, aged 78.

Shelbourne

 * FAI Cup: 1959–60

Manchester United

 * Football League First Division: 1964–65, 1966–67
 * FA Cup: 1962–63
 * European Cup: 1967–68
 * FA Charity Shield: 1965, 1967

Bolton Wanderers

 * Football League Second Division: 1977–78

title: Tony Dunne


text:
USS Seneca (1861)

USS Seneca was a Unadilla-class gunboat built on behalf of the United States Navy for service during the American Civil War. Seneca was outfitted with guns for horizontal fire as well as with two howitzers for bombardment of shore targets. With her crew of 84, she was assigned to the Union blockade of the Confederate States of America.

Commissioned at New York City in 1861
One of the "Ninety-day gunboats", Seneca – the first United States Navy ship to be so named – was built at New York City by Jeremiah Simonson and launched on 27 August 1861. She was commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 14 October 1861, Lieutenant Daniel Ammen in command. Her executive officer was John G. Sproston of Maryland.

North and South Atlantic blockade operations
On 5 November 1861, Seneca and three other Federal Union gunboats engaged and dispersed a Confederate squadron near Port Royal, South Carolina; two days later, she took part in the capture of Port Royal, which proved to be an invaluable Union naval base throughout the remainder of the Civil War. From the 9th–12th, she took part in the expedition which took possession of Beaufort, South Carolina. On 5 December, she participated in the operations about Tybee Sound to help seal off Savannah, Georgia. The next day, she was in sight during the capture of schooner Cheshire, entitling her crew to share in prize money.

From January 1862 – January 1863, Seneca's area of operations extended from Wilmington, North Carolina to Florida. On 27 January 1863, she took part in the attack on Fort McAllister, and on 1 February she participated in a second attack. On 28 February, in the Ogeechee River, she supported USS Montauk (1862) in the destruction of privateer Rattlesnake, the former Confederate warship CSS Nashville. In July 1863, she was one of the vessels in the attack on Fort Wagner. She later returned via Port Royal to the New York Navy Yard where she was decommissioned on 15 January 1864.

Reassigned to the North Atlantic blockade
She was recommissioned on 3 October, Commander George Belknap in command, and was assigned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. On 24–25 December, Seneca took part in the abortive attack on Fort Fisher, and from 13 to 15 January 1865 she participated in the successful second attack which finally captured that Southern coastal stronghold and doomed Wilmington, North Carolina, closing the Confederacy's last major seaport. One of her crewmen, Chief Boatswain's Mate Othniel Tripp, was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in that battle. On 17 February, she was in the force which attacked Fort Anderson and captured it two days later.

Post-war decommissioning
At the end of the war, Seneca returned to Norfolk, Virginia, where she was decommissioned on 24 June. The ship was sold on 10 September 1868 at Norfolk to Purvis and Company.

 * United States Navy
 * List of United States Navy ships

title: USS Seneca (1861)